Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volume measurements of zoisite at simultaneously elevated pressure and temperature

Abstract Unit-cell parameters of zoisite, Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH), have been measured at simultaneously high pressures and temperatures (up to 6.1 GPa and 800 °C) in a Walker-style multi-anvil apparatus at the synchrotron radiation source at Daresbury Laboratory, U.K. Measurements were made in a series of heating cycles at increasing loads. Sample pressure, measured using an internal NaCl standard, increased during heating. Cell parameters vary smoothly with pressure and temperature; individual expansivities and compressibilities vary in the order c > b > a. Isothermal bulk moduli were calculated from the volumes measured at 30, 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C by fitting the Murnaghan equation of state to each isothermal data set. This assumes K′ = 4. Ambient-pressure volumes calculated from previous measurements of thermal expansivity of zoisite were included in the Murnaghan fits. A linear fit of the bulk moduli with temperature gave values for the bulk modulus at 298 K, K298 = 125(3) GPa, and its variation with temperature, ∂KT /∂T = -0.029(6) GPa K-1. K298 is slightly higher than the recent value for a single crystal in a diamond-anvil cell, indicating a lower maximum pressure stability of zoisite than would be calculated using that value. Our data allow zoisite volumes to be calculated at P-T conditions relevant to the Earth and show that, in a typical subduction zone, zoisite becomes more dense as subduction proceeds, helping to stabilize it to high pressures.
11b 60MHz pipelined ADC with inverter-based classAB amplifier in 28nm CMOS technology

An inverter-based class AB amplifier is proposed to design the 11b pipelined analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) in 28 nm CMOS technology. The structure of the proposed amplifier is more concise compared with conventional amplifiers. The amplifier occupies small area, and its quiescent dissipation is only 1.4mA. This structure is suitable for design in scaled process. The operation of the amplifier is carefully elaborated. The simulation results show: the ADC can achieve 75.3 dB SFDR and 66.8 dB SNDR, while it occupies an area of 0.4mm2 and consumes a power of 17mW with 1.05V supply. These results yield a FOMS of 159.3 dB.
Received Wisdom and Beyond: Lessons from Fiscal Consolidation in the EU

Restoring sustainable public finances in the aftermath of the Great Recession is a key challenge in most EU countries. In order to learn from history, our paper examines consolidation episodes in the EU since 1970. We shed light on the factors that favour the start of a consolidation episode and determine its success. Compared to the existing literature, we add a number of new dimensions in the analysis. First, we explore a broader set of potential ingredients of the ‘recipe for success‘, including the quality and strength of fiscal governance and the implementation of structural reforms. Secondly, we check whether the ‘recipe for success’ changed over time. Our analysis broadly confirms received wisdom concerning the conditions triggering a consolidation episode and the role of the composition of adjustment for success, with some qualifications related to the role played by government wages. In addition it provides evidence that well-designed fiscal governance as well as structural reforms improve the odds of both starting a consolidation episode and achieving a lasting fiscal correction. We also show that, over time, successful and unsuccessful consolidation episodes have become more similar in terms of adjustment composition.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF S-SHAPEDMULTIBAND MICROSTRIP PATCHANTENNA

An antenna is the most important element of any wireless communication. This paper is highly focused on the multiband application of the Microstrip Patch Antenna. In first phase the S – shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch antenna is simulated and analyzed. Comparative analysis between Common S-shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna, Defected Ground Structure S-shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Complementary Split Ring Resonator and S – shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial is shown in this paper. The proposed antenna is designed for various multiple applications such as Bluetooth, L and S band applications which are used in Medical Application and ISM Application, in the operating range 1-5 GHz. Here S-shaped meandered patch of dimension 50×50 mm2 is analyzed. Design results of VSWR, Return loss S11, Total Gain plot and Total Directivity Plot are shown in this paper. Design results are obtained by a HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) which is used for simulating microwave passive components.
Bioactive compounds from Acokanthera oblongifolia

One cardiotonic glycoside, three triterpenes and one steroidal glycoside were isolated from Acokanthera oblongifolia fruits (pericarp) growing in Libya . Their structures were investigated by extensive application of IR, MS, 1DNMR and 2DNMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds have evidenced in-vitro cytotoxicity on selected human cell lines (A-549, H-1299) when compared to doxorubicin . Keywords: Cardenolide; Acokanthera oblongifolia; antitumor activity; lung carcinoma cell line (A-549, H-1299) .
Metacognitive Strategies and Logical/ Mathematical Intelligence in EFL Context: Investigating Possible Relationships

The current study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between logical/mathematical intelligence and metacognitive strategies Iranian EFL learners used in their reading comprehension process. To this end, 98 students (55 females and 43 males) who were all EFL learners participated in our study. We used MIDAS (multiple intelligences development assessment scales) in order to measure the students’ logical/ mathematical intelligence. Furthermore, to measure the metacognitive strategies they applied, MASRI (Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory) was used. Using Pearson correlation, we analyzed the obtained data. Data analysis revealed that logical/mathematical intelligence had a significant relationship with metacognitive strategies in EFL context. Moreover, males and females, except for logical/mathematical intelligence usage, didn't have any significant difference in the application of metacognitive strategies.
Bioinformatics Analysis of the Structure and Function of CG17196 Protein of Drosophila Melanogaster

Recent studies have suggested that chimeric genes may account for the formation and evolution of new genes and functional divergence. However, the biological function of the new chimeric gene CG17196 of Drosophila melanogaster remains unknown, therefore, this study aims to analyze the structure and function of CG17196 protein using bioinformatics methods. Based on the amino acid sequence of CG17196 protein from NCBI database, the bioinformatics analyses were performed, including protein physical and chemical properties, transmembrane region, signal peptide, subcellular localization, domain, tertiary structure, and the phylogenetic tree of CG17196 related proteins from different species. The results showed that CG17196 protein was an unstable hydrophobic protein, performing biological function in the endoplasmic reticulum. It contained DHHC-type zinc finger domain and three transmembrane regions, but without signal peptide. The prediction result of gene ontology showed that the chance that the CG17196 protein actually had palmitoyltransferase activity was 70%. CG17196 protein and its related proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Ashbya gossypii, Dictyostelium discoideum and Arabidopsis thaliana showed high homology. In conclusion, CG17196 protein belongs to DHHC protein family and contains palmitoyltransferase activity, which may participate in the protein palmitoylation in the endoplasmic reticulum of Drosophila melanogaster, providing theoretical references for further systematic research on the function and evolution of new chimera CG17196.
Analysis of some plant measures of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) effecting plant length using path analysis

The direct and indirect effects of sizes of fresh stem weight, dry stem weight, fresh leafweight, dry leaf weighton plant height of narbon vetch were in vestigated using path analysis in Bingol in 2014-15 years. The plant measures of narbon vetch between 4 and 6 weeks of planting were used.The results showed that the highest correlations at 5 week narbon vetch were determined between plant length and respectively dry stem weightand fresh stem weight(r =0.849 and r =0.824). The direct effects of fresh stem weight, dry stem weight, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight on plant length at 6 week narbon vetcies were determined respectively as 51.341%, 50.148%, 37.782%, and 24.276%, respectively. As a result, fresh stem weight, dry stem weight were the most efficient characters on plant length and it was concluded that these characters could be considered as significant selection criterias in narbon vetch breeding for yield under that the conditions.
Applying Light, Histochemical and Scanning Histological Methods forthe Detection of Unauthorized Animal and Herbal Content in Street MeatSandwich: What is in the Sandwich We Eat?

Samples of the total of 105 different meat sandwiches products were examined (Kofta, Hawawshi, and shawerma sandwich, 35 sandwiches from each type of product were collected from New Valley City from different restaurants during the year 2016 and analyzed by light and scanning electron microscope for detection of meat adulteration. Select half samples from each group for light and histochemical microscopic examination and the rest of the same group for scanning electron microscopic examination. The sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, PAS, Wigert's and Crossman's trichrome, bromophenol protein and ATPase enzyme. The histological examination revealed that a variety of tissue types besides skeletal muscle were observed including connective tissue fibers, Lung, ruminant stomach, Large elastic blood vessels, heart muscle, adipose tissue, cartilage (hyaline and white fibrocartilage) and spongy bone, lymphatic tissue (spleen), plant materials, in addition to sand particles. With use ATPase enzyme staining can suspect fetal tissue in Hawawshi meat with abundant dark (slow contracted) muscle fiber than light (fast contracting) muscle fibers. The findings of the present research suggest the histological technique as an effective method for qualitative evaluations of street meat sandwich adulteration.
Modeling of Lightning Strokes Using Two-Peaked Channel-Base Currents

Lightning electromagnetic field is obtained by using “engineering” models of lightning return strokes and new channel-base current functions and the results are presented in this paper. Experimentally measured channel-base currents are approximated not only with functions having two-peaked waveshapes but also with the one-peaked function so as usually used in the literature. These functions are simple to be applied in any “engineering” or electromagnetic model as well. For the three “engineering” models: transmission line model (without the peak current decay), transmission line model with linear decay, and transmission line model with exponential decay with height, the comparison of electric and magnetic field components at different distances from the lightning channel-base is presented in the case of a perfectly conducting ground. Different heights of lightning channels are also considered. These results enable analysis of advantages/shortages of the used return stroke models according to the electromagnetic field features to be achieved, as obtained by measurements.
Exploring the Gap between Business and IT

As global companies become more mature in their application of Enterprise Information Systems, their organizational structure also tend to converge towards specialized IT functions. The purpose of this study is to highlight how customer value is included in development of IT solutions and business processes in large organizations. The study is an explorative case study design including a cross-functional interview study counting thirteen participants. Thirteen Managers from IT, marketing, and logistics were targeted in the interview study. It has been found, that the development process of information systems in a large organization is perceived as a struggle between the global IT-department and the business units of the main organization, and customer value is not directly included in the development process. While the employees of the business units focuses on solving internal problems using IT, the IT-department focuses on broad solutions with internal efficiency in the IT-solution. The challenge is proposed to be rooted in different mindsets between IT and sales/marketing managers, which not only creates strains in the current situation but at the same time keeps the situation frozen in the existing form. There is no existing research on the relationship between customer value and IS-development in the distributing organization, and therefore the arguments of this paper are not directly linked to other research upon IS and customer value. Since the research is a case study, it is recommended to repeat the research in other organizations to test the reliability of the findings. This study provides new insight into understanding the factors of IS development in large organizations, and the findings are used to propose future areas of research within.
eng OCCUPATION AND PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM : FACTORS THAT MODIFY THE CAUSAL RELATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

In scientific terms, the protection of workers' health is based on evidence of causal links between occupational factors and the onset of illness (or fatal case). The review considers the factors that modify the causal relations between occupational exposures and pathology of the cardiovascular system of workers in epidemiologic studies. Analysis of published data shows strong role of modifying impact of traditional risk factors, and healthy worker effect in shaping of the levels of cardiovascular disease in the working population. This modifying effect needs to be identified and eliminated at the moment of the analysis of the causal relations between occupational exposure and the development of diseases. Some of the most common methodological mistakes are presented on the example of the concrete case studies: ignoring the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, considering of correlations of occupational experience with the prevalence of diseases as causal, not as associative (due to age), lack of analysis of the possible occupational selection (artificial or spontaneous) of more healthy workers in poor working conditions. The main directions of methodological approaches of formation of the test samples, the results of analytical and statistical processing techniques eliminating the modifying effect were presented. The author's methodical methods that allow identifying and correction of the modifying effect of the healthy worker effect (healthy hire effect and healthy worker survivor effect) on the relative risk and etiologic fraction of disease in occupational groups on the basis of epidemiological data were highlighted in details. It is noted that a broader and more complete use of the modern developed methodological approaches to the formation of the test samples as well as to the results of analytical and statistical processing techniques, can significantly improve the adequacy and reliability of national epidemiological studies.
Evidence on the Impact of Adult Upper Secondary Education in Sweden

This study is the first to explore the earnings effects of credits attained in adult education at upper secondary level (AE) in Sweden. It is also investigated whether individuals with and without AE prior to enrolment in higher studies differ in their achievements at university and/or in their subsequent earnings. The analyses are based on register data of the cohort born in 1970 of which more than one third at some point has been registered in AE. In the preferred specification, credits equal to one year of AE are found to increase annual wage earnings by 4.1 per cent for males and 3.6 per cent for females. The results are mainly driven by course credits with an element of specific knowledge such as health related subjects and computer science, while more general subjects such as Mathematics, Swedish or English are linked with zero returns. Concerning higher education, the results indicate a lower payoff for AE individuals if higher studies are limited to less than two years. There is also evidence of a lower probability of completing four years of higher studies, in particular among females.
Genomic measures of relationship and inbreeding

Models that include genomic relationships can predict genetic effects more accurately than those that use expected relationships from pedigrees. Relationship matrices can estimate the expected fraction of genes identical by descent, the actual fraction of DNA shared, or the fraction of alleles shared for loci that affect a particular trait. Each may be a valid answer to the question “Are two individuals related? ” Several options are available for including genomic relationships in genetic evaluations.
The Benefits and Costs of Internal Markets: Evidence from Asia's Financial Crisis

This study examines the role of internal capital markets and diversification during normal and turbulent times. We hypothesize that internal markets are more valuable for firms in countries with less-developed financial markets and that diversification generally reduces risk. To conduct our tests, we study 3,000 East Asian corporations over the period before and during the 1997-1998 financial crisis. We find support for the internal market hypothesis during normal times. We find, however, that more diversified firms perform worse during a crisis, especially in less-developed countries. This suggests that more diversification and greater usage of internal markets is associated with higher risk-taking, especially when external markets are less developed.
Nonlinear effects of body size and optical attenuation on Diel Vertical Migration by zooplankton

We adopt a trait‐based approach to explain Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) across a diverse assemblage of planktonic copepods, utilizing body size as a master trait. We find a reproducible pattern of body size‐dependence of day and night depths occupied, and of DVM. Both the smallest surface‐dwelling and the largest deeper‐dwelling copepods refrain from migrations, while intermediate‐sized individuals show pronounced DVM. This pattern apparently arises as a consequence of size‐dependent predation risk. In the size classes of migratory copepods the amplitude of DVM is further modulated by optical attenuation in the ocean water column because increased turbidity decreases encounter rates with visually hunting predators. Long‐term changes in the ocean optical environment are expected to alter the vertical distributions of many copepods and thus to affect predator‐prey encounters as well as oceanic carbon export.
Substitution between Public and Private Consumption in Australian States

This paper employs a cointegrating panel approach based on Australian states to estimate the intratemporal elasticity of substitution between state government consumption expenditure and nondurable private consumption expenditure. Taken together with plausible values for the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, our estimates imply that public and private consumption are Edgeworth-Pareto complements.
Long-term cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, particle number size distribution and chemical composition measurements at regionally representative observatories

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) constitute the single largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce the uncertainties and gain more confidence in the simulation of ACI, models need to be evaluated against observations, in particular against measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here we present a data set – ready to be used for model validation – of long-term observations of CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions and chemical composition from 12 sites on 3 continents. Studied environments include coastal background, rural background, alpine sites, remote forests and an urban surrounding. Expectedly, CCN characteristics are highly variable across site categories. However, they also vary within them, most strongly in the coastal background group, where CCN number concentrations can vary by up to a factor of 30 within one season. In terms of particle activation behaviour, most continental stations exhibit very similar activation ratios (relative to particles > 20 nm) across the range of 0.1 to 1.0 % supersaturation. At the coastal sites the transition from particles being CCN inactive to becoming CCN active occurs over a wider range of the supersaturation spectrum. Several stations show strong seasonal cycles of CCN number concentrations and particle number size distributions, e.g. at Barrow (Arctic haze in spring), at the alpine stations (stronger influence of polluted boundary layer air masses in summer), the rain forest (wet and dry season) or Finokalia (wildfire influence in autumn). The rural background and urban sites exhibit relatively little variability throughout the year, while short-term variability can be high especially at the urban site. The average hygroscopicity parameter, κ , calculated from the chemical composition of submicron particles was highest at the coastal site of Mace Head (0.6) and lowest at the rain forest station ATTO (0.2–0.3). We performed closure studies based on κ –Kohler theory to predict CCN number concentrations. The ratio of predicted to measured CCN concentrations is between 0.87 and 1.4 for five different types of κ . The temporal variability is also well captured, with Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.87. Information on CCN number concentrations at many locations is important to better characterise ACI and their radiative forcing. But long-term comprehensive aerosol particle characterisations are labour intensive and costly. Hence, we recommend operating “migrating-CCNCs” to conduct collocated CCN number concentration and particle number size distribution measurements at individual locations throughout one year at least to derive a seasonally resolved hygroscopicity parameter. This way, CCN number concentrations can only be calculated based on continued particle number size distribution information and greater spatial coverage of long-term measurements can be achieved.
A selection index for carpet wool sheep incorporating fleece weight, wool quality, liveweight and reproduction.

Carpet wool sheep are selected for fleece weight, fleece quality, growth rate and reproduction rate. Economic values for these traits were determined using a computer model based on the WOOLPLAN index calculations. This model also shows the gains expected in each trait from the use of an index based on the economic values or from the use of an index produced by variation of these values. In order to maintain an acceptable improvement in fleece quality, a greater weighting must be given to this trait than the value estimated from current economic values alone. For maximum production gain, a single index combining all traits, including fleece quality, is shown to be substantially better than independent culling on fleece quality and an index based on the remaining traits.