Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probable Cold and Alkaline Surface Environment of the Hadean Earth Caused by Impact Ejecta Weathering

Constraining the surface environment of the early Earth is essential for understanding the origin and evolution of life. The release of cations from silicate weathering depends on climatic temperature and pCO2 , and such cations sequester CO2 into carbonate minerals in or on the seafloor, providing a stabilizing feedback on climate. Previous studies have suggested that this carbonate‐silicate cycle can keep the early Earth's surface temperature moderate by increasing pCO2 to compensate for the faint young Sun. However, the Hadean Earth experienced a high meteorite impactor flux, which produced ejecta that is easily weathered by carbonic acid. In this study, we estimated the histories of surface temperature and ocean pH during the Hadean and early Archean using a new model that includes the weathering of impact ejecta, empirically justified seafloor weathering, and ocean carbonate chemistry. We find that relatively low pCO2 and surface temperatures are probable during the Hadean, for example, at 4.3 Ga, log10(pCO2) (in bar) is −2.21−2.54+3.01 [2σ] and temperature is 259.2−14.4+84.1 [2σ] K. Such a low pCO2 would result in a circumneutral to basic pH of seawater, for example, 7.90−1.69+1.21 [2σ] at 4.3 Ga. A probably cold and alkaline marine environment is associated with a high impact flux. Hence, if there was an interval of an enhanced impact flux, that is, Late Heavy Bombardment, similar conditions may have existed in the early Archean. Therefore, if the origin of life occurred in the Hadean, life likely emerged in a cold global environment and probably spread into an alkaline ocean.
Stock Returns under Intermediary Investment

The recent financial crisis highlights the effects of shocks amplified by financial intermediaries under monetary policy such as low interest rates. This paper examines these effects on firms’ stock returns through a large size macro-finance model. Stock risk premia were captured by a global solution of a state-of-the-art simulation-projection algorithm. Based on heterogeneous capital quality shocks, a cross-sectional analysis reveals the novel stock return predictability of intermediaries’ capital investment (ICI ) and firms’ effective capital for marginal production (KMP). The underlying force is that capital shocks and financial frictions reduce credit supply and asset valuations via intermediaries’ amplification mechanism.
IoT as PSS Enabler: Exploring Opportunities for Conceptualization and Implementation

Nowadays, product-service systems (PSS) as an integrated system of physical products and services play a crucial role in sustainable economies. In addition to high competitive global economy, emergence of new digital paradigms is supporting the shift towards servitization. Although the great potential of such paradigms are recognized by both practice and research, their implications for PSS is not clear yet. Particularly, features of Internet-of-Things (IoT) such as total connectedness and ubiquity of smart sensors and actuators provide various new opportunities for PSS. This study explores such opportunities by conducting structured literature review and 13 interviews. We formulate the findings into two folds. First, we introduce four degrees of IoT involvement in PSS business models and we elaborate the opportunities that they create for different types of PSS. Second, we present the key technologies and approaches, which IoT provides with regard to PSS lifecycle management.
A Closer Look at the Association Procedure in Low Power 802.15.4 Multihop Sensor Networks

IEEE 802.15. 4 proposes the advantage of a standardized low power low data rate communication stack and is therefore also an option for deploying low power wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most studies of 802.15. 4 based WSNs concentrate on the operational phase and neglected the initial startup phase. This bears however also potentials for energy savings, as the 802.15. 4 association procedure has to be executed to make the network operational and is not optimized for low power networks. In this study, we point out directions how to perform the association in a self organizing and energy saving way.
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF THE UNSTEADY TWO-DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW AROUND NACA AIRFOILS USING THE VORTEX METHOD

Unsteady, incompressible, high Reynolds-number flows around a two-dimensional airfoil set at an angle of attack are characterized by an attached boundary layer on the airfoil surface and a linear behavior of the lift coefficent with the angle of atack, when the angle of attack is small. For large angles of attack, massive boundary layer separation occurs together with a decrease in the lift coefficient and the formation of an oscillatory airfoil wake. In this paper, a mesh-free Discrete Vortex Method is used to simulate the unsteady, two-dimensional, incompressible and high Reynolds number flow around a NACA 0012 airfoil in the small angle of attack regime. The flow vorticity is modeled as a cloud of Lamb vortices, whereas the airfoil contribution to the flow is calculated using a piecewise-continuous linear-vortex panel method. The dynamics of the entire vortex cloud is computed using the convection-diffusion splitting algorithm for the vorticity equation, where the diffusion transport is simulated using the random walk method and the convection transport is calculated using the the Biot-Savart law and a lagrangian time-marching scheme. Results for the aerodynamic loads acting on the airfoil for several values of the angle of attack are shown in comparison with other results available in the literature.
Comparative Evaluation of Rice SSR Markers on Different Oryza Species

The growing number of rice microsatellite markers permit a comprehensive comparison of allelic variation among the markers developed using different methods, with diverse repeat motifs and at variable genomic regions. Under this study, comparison between a set of 67 microsatellite markers representing the whole (twelve) rice chromosomes was done over worldwide collections of nine species of the genus Oryza. These SSR markers were evaluated for the genetic parameters such as; number of alleles amplified per primers, observed heterozygosity, gene diversity, rare allelic frequency and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values.
THE ISBA

This year has been very productive for ISBA with a strong society engaged worldwide, the establishment of Sections to encourage diversity, many successful meetings (my personal highlight was the MCMski meeting in Bormio), and the launch of our electronic journal Bayesian Analysis under the stewardship of Rob Kass. Following on from the launch, a proposal to distribute paper copies under the umbrella of the IMS is under discussion by both Societies. Both the Bulletin and Bayesian Analysis are flagships for our Society and we are indebted to Rob Kass and Andrés Christen for their work on the editorial side. This year has passed too quickly (don’t they all? ) and I look forward to carrying on working with our new President, Alan Gelfand, to advance some of the unfinished business, in particular concerning the arrangements for the upkeep of Bayes’ grave. I have enjoyed working with the ISBA community and I would like to thank all members of the Board and of the Executive, in particular the past President Jim Berger and the treasurer Bruno Sansó, for being so responsive. I would also like to thank all of you who have accepted new responsibilities on both the prize committees and programme committees, and congratulate our new elected board members: Marilena Barbieri, Wes Johnson, Steve MacEachern and Jim Zideck, as well as our new President Elect Peter Green. I wish you all a happy and successful year in 2006 and look forward to seeing you at our next ISBA 2006 conference in Valencia. ▲
The Age of Cheap Money and Passive Investing: Are Pro Forma Earnings Value Relevant?

This study investigates the impact of pro forma earnings on stock misvaluation. In light of a decade of substantial changes in the market and investment environment that are challenging the traditional primacy of accounting disclosures for valuation, we link mispriced shares to the information that is disclosed by firms voluntarily. Using a hand-collected sample of pro forma earnings from quarterly earnings press releases of the constituent firms of the US Dow Jones 30 between 2011 and 2017, we find that providing pro forma earnings reduces overvaluation for the most overvalued stocks. However, further analysis indicates that for firms with higher analyst earnings forecast dispersion, disclosing pro forma earnings increases these firms’ overvaluation due to higher optimism and uncertainty. These findings suggest that the role of pro forma earnings is important and value relevant in the new market conditions.
Trade, firm wage premiums, and wage inequality: Worker-level evidence∗

The increase in sorting of high-wage (low-wage) workers into firms that pay high (low) wage premiums explains more than 30% of the rise in wage inequality in the U.S.A and Germany. Despite its relevance for the wage structure, little is known about the causes of the rise in sorting and the underlying mobility pattern of heterogeneous workers. In this paper, I use data on 50% of all West German male employees from 1985 through 2010 and analyze the impact of Germany’s trade integration with China and Eastern Europe on the sorting pattern. The effects differ between import-exposed and export-exposed industries. Import exposure triggers increasing displacement rates at high-wage manufacturing firms for all workers. It contributes to the observed increase in sorting because, upon displacement from their original high-wage employer, workers with low formal education performing routineintensive and codifiable tasks reallocate towards low-wage non-manufacturing firms, whereas more skilled workers more often reallocate towards high-wage non-manufacturing firms. In contrast, workers in export-oriented industries experience a positive job stability effect at high-wage manufacturing firms. This effect is strongest for workers with low observable and unobservable skills and therefore counteracts the observed changes in the sorting pattern.
Optimal Time-Consistent Debt Policies

We study time-consistent debt policies in a trade-off model of debt in which the firm can freely issue new debt and repurchase existing debt. A debt policy is time-consistent if in any state equityholders prefer to follow it rather than to deviate from it but lose credibility in sustaining debt discipline in the future. In a class of policies, the optimal time-consistent debt policy consists of an interest coverage ratio (ICR) target and two regions for the ICR: the stable and the distress regions. In the stable region, the firm actively manages liabilities to the ICR target by issuing/repurchasing debt. A sufficiently large negative shock to cash flows pushes the firm into the distress region, where it abandons the target and waits until either cash flows recover or further negative shocks trigger bankruptcy. Credit spreads are sensitive to cash flow shocks in the distress region but not in the stable region. The optimal policy captures realistic features of debt dynamics, such as active debt management in both directions, interior optimal debt maturity, and dynamics of “fallen angels. ”
Robots, Labor Markets, and Family Behavior

Robots have radically changed the demand for skills and the role of workers in production at an unprecedented pace, with little scope for human capital adjustments. This has affected the job stability and the economic perspectives of large parts of the population in all industrialized countries. Recent evidence on the US labor market has shown negative effects of robots on employment and wages. In this study, we examine how exposure to robots and its consequences on job stability and economic uncertainty have affected individual demographic behavior. To establish this relationship, we use data from the American Community Survey and the International Federation of Robotics and we adopt an empirical strategy that relies on regional industry specialization before the advent of robots combined with the growth of robot adoption by industry. We first document the differential effect of robots on the labor market opportunities of men and women. We find that in regions that were more exposed to robots, the gender-income and labor-force-participation gaps declined. We then show that US regions affected by intense robot penetration experienced a decrease in new marriages, and an increase in both divorce and cohabitation. While there was no change in overall fertility rate, marital fertility declined, and there was an increase in out-of-wedlock births. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the changes in labor markets triggered by robot adoption increased uncertainty, reduced the relative marriage-market value of men, and the willingness to commit for the long term.
ENTROPY AND CHAOS IN THE KAC MODEL Dedicated to Professor Giuseppe Toscani on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday

We investigate the behavior in N of the N–particle entropy functional for Kac’s stochastic model of Boltzmann dynamics, and its relation to the entropy function for solutions of Kac’s one dimensional nonlinear model Boltzmann equation. We prove results that bring together the notion of propagation of chaos, which Kac introduced in the context of this model, with the problem of estimating the rate of equilibration in the model in entropic terms, showing that the entropic rate of convergence can be arbitrarily slow. Results proved here show that one can in fact use entropy production bounds in Kac’s stochastic model to obtain entropic convergence bounds for his non linear model Boltzmann equation, though the problem of obtaining optimal lower bounds of this sort for the original Kac model remains open and the upper bounds obtained here show that this problem is somewhat subtle. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 76P05, 60G50; Secondary: 54C70.
Abstract. Increasing evidence shows that repetitive transcra- nial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) promotes neurogenesis and the expression of microRNA (miR)-106b. The present study investigated whether rTMS promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPcs) and whether the effect is associate

Increasing evidence shows that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) promotes neurogenesis and the expression of microRNA (miR)-106b. The present study investigated whether rTMS promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPcs) and whether the effect is associated with the expression of miR-106b. NPcs were cultured from the rat hippocampus and exposed to rTMS daily, comprising 1,000 stimuli for 3 days at 10 Hz, with 1.75 T output. The proliferation ability of the NPcs was revealed by EdU staining, and the levels of miR-106b and downstream gene p21 in the NPcs were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. For analysis of the mechanism, the NPcs were transfected with Lenti-miR-106b or small interfering RNAs prior to rTMS. The results showed that: i) rTMS increased NPc proliferation, as revealed by the increased proportion of EdU-positive cells; ii) rTMS was able to upregulate the expression of miR-106b and downregulate the level of p21 in NPcs; iii) overexpression of miR-106b further enhanced the effects of rTMS, whereas knockdown of miR-106b had the opposite effects. Taken together, these data indicated that rTMS can promote NPc proliferation by upregulating the expression of miR-106b and possibly inhibiting the expression of p21.
A New Formula for the Expected Excess Return of the Market

Key to deriving the lower bound to the expected excess return of the market in Martin (2017) is the assumption of the negative correlation condition (NCC). We improve on the lower bound characterization by proposing an exact formula for the conditional expected excess return of the market. In our formula, each risk-neutral return central moment contributes to the expected excess return and is representable in terms of known option prices. To interpret theoretical and empirical distinctions between our formula and the lower bound, we develop and study the asset-pricing restrictions of the NCC.
UNIDIMENSIONAL MODELING AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1-3 PIEZOELECTRIC COMPOSITE TRANSDUCER

In many applications, such as medical imaging and nondestructive testing, broadband ultrasonic transducers capable of producing short pulses are required. Combining a piezoelectric element and a passive polymer to form a piezoelectric composite allows the development of transducers with high bandwidth and sensitivity, and low radial coupling. This work presents the modeling and construction of an ultrasonic transducer using a 1-3 piezoelectric composite. A simple physical model is used to calculate the effective properties of the composite. This model can be applied when the lateral spatial scale of the composite is sufficiently small so that the composite can be treated as an effective homogeneous medium. The effective properties are used in a distributed matrix model to calculate the electrical impedance of the composite. It is used the dice-and-fill technique to construct a 1-3 lead zirconate titanate(PZT)/epoxy 800 kHz, 20 mm diameter composite. The simulated results of the electrical impedance are compared with the experimental results measured by an impedance analyzer equipment. Finally, the ultrasonic transducer is constructed using the piezoelectric composite. The impulse response of the transducer is measured and compared with the theoretically obtained using the distributed matrix model. The experimental results show excellent agreement with the simulated ones.
Journal of Dermatology and Dermatitis

1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP),Brazil 2 Instituto Federal de Alagoas, campus Piranhas, Brazil 3Skin Department, Amaral Carvalho Foundation, Jaú, Brazil *Corresponding Author: Hilde H. Buzzá, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil e-mail: hilde.buzza@usp.br. Received date: May 22, 2018; Accepted date : June 30, 2018; Published date: July 11, 2018. Citation this Article : Hilde H. Buzzá, Mirian D. Stringasci, Cintia T. Andrade, Ana G. Salvio, Expanding dermatologists view with fluorescence and thermograph. J.Dermatology and Dermatitis, Doi: 10.31579/2578-8949/039
DEVELOPMENT, INSTRUMENTATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR MODIFIED THOMAS TEST

Flexibility tests have been widely used in physical assessment (straight leg raising SLR; ober-test; original Thomas test; modified Thomas test). However, limitations of standardization have been shown in the literature. The modified Thomas test is one of the main tests available to evaluate the flexibility of the hip flexors muscles. Studies have used the Thomas test to assess the flexibility of mono and biarticulate hip flexors muscles. The interpretation of Thomas test’s results should be done carefully, since there are no control over compensatory movements such as, flexion of the opposite hip, tibial rotation, hip abduction and rotation or pelvic rotation and obliquity. The lack of standardization also makes difficult to assure the body position for reevaluation. Through the instrumentation the variability of the tested subject position could be significantly minimized. The present paper aims to develop mechanical equipment for standardization of the modified Thomas test.
Linguistic Traits and Human Capital Formation

This research establishes the influence of linguistic traits on human behavior. Exploiting variations in the languages spoken by children of migrants with identical ancestral countries of origin, the analysis indicates that the presence of periphrastic future tense and its association with long-term orientation has a significant positive impact on educational attainment, whereas the presence of sex-based grammatical gender, and its association with gender bias, has a significant adverse impact on female educational attainment.
Real-Time Simulation of Deformable Bodies

The fast development of virtual reality and digital manufacturing industries is quickly redefining what computer graphics is and what computer graphics research should be. In this rapid transition, it is imperative to have fast and reliable computational tools for real-time simulation and modeling of deformable solids, shells, and fluids. Toward this goal, I focus my research in four directions. Below are the research summaries in these directions.
Neighborhood Effects on the Nursing Home Admissions among Older Patients in the State of Nevada, USA: Multilevel Analysis of Administrative and Census Data

Nursing home admission risk profile is useful for reducing costly long-term care service use through environmental and public health efforts. However, in this respect, relatively newer data and impacts of living environment have not been extensively analyzed. This study analyzed the 2010 hospital administrative data from the Center for Health Information Analysis for Nevada (n = 82,492) and the 2010 U.S. Census data for ZIP code areas among older hospital patients age 65 and older in Nevada, USA. Results from multilevel logistic regressions validated the known risk factors including age, gender, race, marital status and health after adjusting for the neighborhood disadvantages. Also, living in more disadvantaged neighborhood was associated with the higher risk of nursing home admissions among older patients. Findings suggested the needs for further public health research on the living environment and risk of nursing home admissions, and the possible communitylevel interventions for promote aging in place.
Sailing the Archipelago

We live on a small island. We have not yet ventured much beyond our immediate locale on this small island; even our own inconspicuous location still holds great mysteries for us. It seems that we find ourselves near the mountain peak on our island, but even that is uncertain. Only recently we have discovered that there are other islands besides our home scattered in a vast (possibly infinite) ocean. And the ocean is dead. It is not just devoid of fishes, algae or anything similar – it is empty of any conceivable form of life, it epitomizes the absence of life itself. But recently we have made our first attempt at mapping our surroundings and, in particular, sketching the outline of the ocean shores. In this, some of us bear similarities to the great adventurers of the European Age of Exploration in XV and XVI centuries; only in this case the explorers are not sea-captains and conquistadors, but theoretical physicists, cosmologists and philosophers. Before I explain the central metaphor of the Archipelago of habitability, I wish to emphasize how difficult and different from our modern experiences cartography once was (splendid recent histories of the subject can be found in Wilford [2001] and Ehrenberg [2005]). Imagine huge tasks facing the explorers of old: to map – for instance – a newly discovered South Seas archipelago with rather crude geographical and navigational means at their disposal. No GoogleEarth or aerial reconnaissance surveys or photography. Quite the contrary, the explorers of old had to rely on quite uncertain and imprecise navigational aids – including often very vague time-keeping. It is hardly a wonder that their maps were usually very wrong in detail, and at best imprecise and fanciful. This is a point to keep in mind when we discuss this much vaster and more abstract Archipelago. Five physical science developments which have taken place in the last 10-20 years mark the intellectual convergence necessary for discussing the Archipelago: