Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive discontinuous Galerkin methods with shock‐capturing for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations

We present the Interior Penalty discontinuous Galerkin method for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Shock‐capturing is used to reduce over‐shoots at discontinuities and sharp gradients. This stabilization introduces artificial viscosity at places of large local residuals, but preserves conservation and Galerkin orthogonality of the DG method. Based on this discretization we derive a posteriori error estimates for the error measured in terms of arbitrary target functionals, like, e.g. the drag and lift coefficients of an airfoil immersed in a viscous or inviscid fluid.
Progressive Multicore RLNC Decoding With Online DAG Scheduling

A complete generation of packets coded with Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) can be quickly decoded on a multicore system by scheduling the involved matrix block operations in parallel with an offline (pre-recorded) directed acyclic graph (DAG). The waiting for a complete generation of packets can be avoided with progressive RLNC decoding that commences the decoding (and can decode some packets) before all packets in a generation have been received. This article develops and evaluates a novel progressive RLNC decoding strategy based on the principle of DAG scheduling of parallel matrix block operations. The novel strategy involves helper matrices for conducting the Gauss Jordan elimination based on rows of blocks of matrix elements. The matrix block computations are dynamically scheduled by an online DAG which permits branching, e.g., to skip unnecessary matrix block operations. The throughput and delay of the novel progressive RLNC decoding strategy are evaluated with experiments on two heterogeneous multicore processor boards. The novel progressive RLNC decoding achieves throughput levels on par with state-of-the-art non-progressive (full-generation) RLNC decoding and achieves three times higher throughput than the fastest (highest-throughput) known progressive RLNC decoder for small generation sizes and short data packets. Also, our progressive RLNC decoding greatly reduces receiver delays for moderate to large generation sizes; the delay reductions are particularly pronounced when a low-delay RLNC version is employed (e.g., reduction to one tenth of the non-progressive decoding delay for a generation size of 256 packets).
A consistent rescaled momentum transport method for simulating large density ratio incompressible multiphase flows using level set methods

Many multiphase flows relevant to natural phenomena and technical applications are characterized by large density ratios between the phases or fluids. Numerical simulations of such flows are especially challenging if the phase interface has a complex shape and is subject to large shear. This scenario is typical for atomization of liquids under ambient conditions. In this paper we discuss some of the reasons why one-fluid level-set based methods are prone to become unstable for high-density ratio/high shear atomizing flows and present a consistent rescaled momentum transport method that addresses the identified shortcomings. We present results obtained with the new method for a number of high-density ratio test cases, including the advection of a 1 000 000:1 density ratio impulsively accelerated drop, a 1000:1 density ratio damped surface wave, and the collapse of a water column in air under ambient conditions. The new method shows significantly improved results compared to standard level set based single-fluid methods.
Body mass index in women aged 18 to 45 and subsequent risk of heart failure

Background The incidence of heart failure (HF) is decreasing in older ages, but increasing rates have been observed among younger persons in Sweden. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between risk of hospitalization for HF and body mass index (BMI). Methods This was a prospective registry-based cohort study. We included 1,374,031 women aged 18–45 years (mean age 27.9 years) who gave birth during 1982–2014, and were registered in the Medical Birth Register. Information on hospitalization because of HF was collected through linkage to the National Inpatient Register. Results Compared to women with a BMI of 20–<22.5 kg/m2, women with a BMI of 22.5–<25.0 had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.39) for HF after adjustment for age, year, parity, baseline disorders, smoking, and education. The HR (95% CI) increased to 1.56 (1.36–1.78), 2.39 (2.05–2.78), 2.82 (2.43–3.28), and 4.51 (3.63–5.61) in women with a BMI of 25–<27.5, 27.5–<30, 30–<35, and ≥35 kg/m2, respectively. The multiple-adjusted HRs (95% CI) associated with risk of HF per one-unit increase in BMI in women with a BMI ≥ 22.5 kg/m2 ranged from 1.01 (0.97–1.06) for HF related to valvular disease to 1.14 (1.12–1.15) for coronary heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension. Conclusion Increasing body weight was strongly associated with the risk of early HF in women. Compared with lean women, the risk for HF started to increase at high-normal BMI levels, and was nearly five-fold in women with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2.
Public Perceptions of Income Inequality and Popular Distributive Justice Sentiments in Korea

This research empirically and co mparatively investigated the Korean public"s perceptions of and norms about economic inequality, using data fro m the 1999 ISSP module on social inequality. Unlike the conventional wisdom of favorable public views, in both normative and perceptual terms, of economic inequality in advanced Western capitalist societies in general, my analysis demonstrated that Koreans not only retain much stronger egalitarian strain in their scheme of distributive justice than other OECD counterparts do, but also perceive more threats of large inco me inequality than other OECD counterparts do, despite the fact that Korea"s income d istribution is in fact mo re equitable than many of other OECD counterparts". Drawing upon the ideology thesis, I hypothesized that the inflated public perceptions of large inco me inequality in Korea are facilitated by Koreans" strong commit ment to egalitarian distributive justice, and tested its validit y comparatively against Korea and other OECD countries. My analysis showed that Korea, compared to many of their OECD counterparts, showed a better fit to this test.
Corporate Governance and Earnings Management Practices among Listed Firms: A Study on Post Stock Market Crisis Period in Bangladesh

This paper investigates the effect of corporate governance on earnings management practice of listed firms in Bangladesh during post stock market crisis period. The data set consists of 300 firm year observation from 2011-15. We have used six (6) corporate governance variables as independent variables namely board Size, CEO duality, board independence, board meeting, audit committee independence and ownership concentration. Leverage and firm size have been used as control variables. Our dependent variable is earnings management measured by discretionary accruals following Original Jones Model. Our panel data regression reveals CEO duality and audit committee independence have significant relationship with earnings management practices. This paper fills a gap in the literature by providing evidence about the effect of corporate governance quality on listed firms? earnings management behavior in the context of stock market volatility. Finally, the study suggests that listed firms should enhance their compliance with corporate governance standards which will assist to constraint the unethical practices of earnings management.
Using the CVP Traffic Detection Model at Road-Section Applies to Traffic Information Collection and Monitor - the Case Study

This paper proposes a using Cellular-Based Vehicle Probe (CVP) at road-section (RS) method to detect and setup a model for traffic flow information (info) collection and monitor. There are multiple traffic collection devices including CVP, ETC-Based Vehicle Probe (EVP), Vehicle Detector (VD), and CCTV as traffic resources to serve as road condition info for predicting the traffic jam problem, monitor and control. The main project has been applied at Tai # 2 Ghee-Jing roadway connects to Wan-Li section as a trial field on fiscal year of 2017-2018. This paper proposes a man-flow turning into traffic-flow with Long-Short Time Memory (LTSM) from recurrent neural network (RNN) model. We also provide a model verification and validation methodology with RNN for cross verification of system performance.
Title Calderón preconditioned PMCHWT equation for layered mediumproblems

Electromagnetic scattering by dielectric objects in the presence of a layered medium is investigated by applying the Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai (PMCHWT) equation combined with the layered medium Green’s function. Due to the electric field integral equation (EFIE) operator involved, the spectrum of the PMCHWT equation is also undesired. When the surface is densely discretized, the condition of the resulting matrix is extremely bad. An effective Calderón preconditioner is developed in this paper to improve the convergence. Different from its free space counterpart, the Calderón identities for inhomogeneous medium need to be re-derived. It is shown from numerical examples that the convergence of the PMCHWT system in layered medium can be significantly improved by using the proposed Calderón preconditioner.
Viral and intestinal diseases detected in Apis mellifera in Central and Southern Chile.

The honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) is an important pollinator worldwide. Beekeepers have experienced an increasing loss of colonies in recent years and pathologies including viruses and intestinal parasites such as Nosema ceranae are among those held responsible for this decline. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution, using the real time PCR method, of six honeybee viruses including Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Sacbrood Virus (SBV), Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV), Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) in addition to three intestinal parasites, N. ceranae, N. apis and Lotmaria passim in Chilean beehives distributed between the Metropolitan Region and La Araucania Region. Among the viruses, BQCV was the most prevalent in the analyzed hives, ranging from 72% to 100%, N. ceranae was detected between 19% to 53% and L. passim showed infections ranging from 45% to 73%. Similarly, BQCV (96%) and N. ceranae (42%) were more prevalent in spring-summer whilst DWV (37%) and L. passim (68%) were more frequents in autumn-winter seasons. Furthermore, mixed infections were also detected, wherein viruses were found along with L. passim or viruses with N. ceranae and L. passim, which proved to be the most prevalent. Of the 467 hives analyzed, 97.2% were infected with one or more of the studied pathogens, indicating that they are widely spread in Chile.
N ov 2 01 5 Decoding Reed-Muller codes over product sets

We give a polynomial time algorithm to decode multivariate polynomial codes of degree d up to half their minimum distance, when the evaluation points are an arbitrary product set Sm, for every d < |S|. Previously known algorithms can achieve this only if the set S has some very special algebraic structure, or if the degree d is significantly smaller than |S|. We also give a near-linear time randomized algorithm, which is based on tools from list-decoding, to decode these codes from nearly half their minimum distance, provided d < (1− ǫ)|S| for constant ǫ > 0. Our result gives an m-dimensional generalization of the well known decoding algorithms for ReedSolomon codes, and can be viewed as giving an algorithmic version of the Schwartz-Zippel lemma.
Magne Mogstad Robust Inequality Comparisons

This paper is concerned with the problem of ranking Lorenz curves in situations where the Lorenz curves intersect and no unambiguous ranking can be attained without introducing weaker ranking criteria than first-degree Lorenz dominance. To deal with such situations Aaberge (2009) introduced two alternative sequences of nested dominance criteria for Lorenz curves which was proved to characterize two separate systems of nested subfamilies of inequality measures. This paper uses the obtained characterization results to arrange the members of two different generalized Gini families of inequality measures into subfamilies according to their relationship to Lorenz dominance of various degrees. Since the various criteria of higher degree Lorenz dominance provide convenient computational methods, these results can be used to identify the largest subfamily of the generalized Gini families and thus the least restrictive social preferences required to reach unambiguous ranking of a set of Lorenz curves. From the weight-functions of these inequality measures we obtain intuitive interpretations of higher degree Lorenz dominance, which generally has been viewed as difficult to interpret because they involve assumptions about third and higher derivatives. To demonstrate the usefulness of these methods for empirical applications, we examine the time trend in income and earnings inequality of Norwegian males during the period 1967-2005.
Evaluation of diuretic activity of Sida spinosa linn leaves extract

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Sida spinosa leaves were tested for diuretic activity in rats. The parameters studied on individual rat were body weight before and after test period, total urine volume, urine concentration of Na+, K- and Cl-. In the present study alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Sida spinosa leaves (100mg/kg of body weight) showed increase in urine volume, cation and anion excretion. Furosemide was used as reference diuretic.
Neuroimaging features of whole‐brain functional connectivity predict attack frequency of migraine

Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by attacks of moderate or severe headache accompanying functionally and structurally maladaptive changes in brain. As the headache days/month is often measured by patient self‐report and tends to be overestimated than actually experienced, the possibility of using neuroimaging data to predict migraine attack frequency is of great interest. To identify neuroimaging features that could objectively evaluate patients' headache days, a total of 179 migraineurs were recruited from two data center with one dataset used as the training/test cohort and the other used as the validating cohort. The guidelines for controlled trials of prophylactic treatment of chronic migraine in adults were used to identify the frequency of attacks and migraineurs were divided into low (MOl) and high (MOh) subgroups. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was used to build multivariate logistic regression models with model iteration optimization to identify MOl and MOh. The best model accurately discriminated MOh from MOl with AUC of 0.91 (95%CI [0.86, 0.95]) in the training/test cohort and 0.79 in the validating cohort. The discriminative features were mainly located within the limbic lobe, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe. Permutation tests analysis demonstrated that the classification performance of these features was significantly better than chance. Furthermore, the indicator of functional connectivity had a higher odds ratio than behavioral variables with implementing a holistic regression analysis. The current findings suggested that the migraine attack frequency could be distinguished by using machine‐learning algorithms, and highlighted the role of brain functional connectivity in revealing underlying migraine‐related neurobiology.
Recruitment of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma and the distribution and abundance of inducing bacteria in the field

Bacterial biofilms induce settlement in many marine invertebrate organisms. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the specific components of biofilms in situ that are responsible for the high inducing activity of some biofilms. The correlation of field recruitment pat- terns with laboratory settlement preferences for particular biofilms is also not well understood. We investigate if recruitment of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma is related to the field distrib- ution of highly inducing bacterial genera. Newly recruited sea urchins were found in highest num- bers on the coralline algae Amphiroa anceps and Corallina officinalis and in low numbers on rubble and the brown alga Ecklonia radiata. Most bacterial genera that induce high levels of larval settle- ment of H. erythrogramma had previously been identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Pseudoal- teromonas, Vibrio or Shewanella. Oligonucleotide probes were developed for each of these genera to enable their quantification in environmental samples via catalysed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridisation (CARD-FISH). The probes were applied to biofilms on several algal species from the adult urchin habitat. All 3 genera were found in biofilms on all species of macroalgae examined. Pseudoalteromonas were found in highest numbers on the coralline alga C. officinalis and in higher numbers on red algae in comparison to brown algal species. Shewanella strains were also found in highest densities on C. officinalis. This is the first example demonstrating that bacteria that are able to induce larval settlement in the laboratory are also present in the field in the juvenile recruitment habitat.
Sports mega-events, soft power and soft disempowerment: international supporters’ perspectives on Qatar’s acquisition of the 2022 FIFA World Cup finals

ABSTRACT Through the use of document analysis, field work and semi-structured interviews at five major tournaments in Asia, North America, Europe and South America, the paper examines the perspectives of international football supporters on the Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) decision to award the 2022World Cup finals to the State of Qatar. The paper is separated into five sections. First we ground Qatar’s sporting strategy within the concept of ‘soft power’, as well as pinpoint the negative consequences that have manifest since the state’s acquisition of the 2022 finals. Second, we disclose and defend our chosen data collection strategy. Third, we uncover and discuss our results with reference to three key themes: the state’s suitability as a football destination; the dubious awarding of the 2022 World Cup; and, Qatar’s cultural backdrop and domestic policies. Fourth, we align our findings to Qatar’s foreign policy intentions and ‘soft disempowerment’ consequences, locating in the process the opportunities and challenges that accompany the state’s hosting of the 2022 finals. We conclude by reflecting upon the contribution we have made here, as well as acknowledging the importance of Qatar for current and future sports mega-event research.
Demography of the giant monocarpic herb Rheum nobile in the Himalayas and the effect of disturbances by grazing.

BACKGROUND Perennity of giant rosette species in combination with a single "big bang" reproduction followed by death of the genetic individual is relatively rare among plants. Such long-lived monocarpic plants are usually slow growing and can be found in deserts, bogs or in alpine regions of the tropics or subtropics. Due to their longevity monocarpic perennials risk to lose everything before reproduction, which make them particularly susceptible to disturbances. Because of the inherent difficulties to assess if long-lived populations are growing or declining, usually neither their demography nor the consequences of increasing grazing pressure are known. METHODS We used integral projection modelling (IPM) to measure growth rate and passage time to flowering of Rheum nobile, a monocarpic perennial, and one of the most striking alpine plants from the high Himalayas. We estimated the impact of grazing cattle (yaks) by including in the models those rosettes, which were not found any more due to disturbances or grazing by yaks, either as missing or dead. Data was collected from plants at 4500 m a.s. l. in Shangri-la County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. In four consecutive years (2011-14) and in two populations, 372 and 369 individuals were measured, respectively, and size-dependent growth, survival and fecundity parameters were estimated. In addition, germination percentage, seedling survival, and establishment probability were assessed. KEY RESULTS The probability of survival, of flowering and fecundity were strongly size-dependent. Time to reach flowering size was 33.5 years (95% CI from 21.9 to 43.3, stochastic estimate from pooled transitions and populations). The stochastic population growth rate (λs) of Rheum nobile was 1.013 (95% CI from 1.010 to 1.017). When disturbance by grazing cattle (yaks) was accounted for in the model, λs dropped to values below one (0.940, 95% CI from 0.938 to 0.943). CONCLUSION We conclude that natural populations of this unique species are viable, but that conservation efforts should be taken to minimise disturbances by grazing and to protect this slow-growing flagship plant from the high Himalayas.
Inhibitory Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains from Akamu - A Nigerian Fermented Maize Food against Escherichia coli

Lactobacillus plantarum strains: NGL5 and NGL7 previously identified from akamu-a lactic acid bacteria fermented maize food using PCR sequencing analysis were evaluated for inhibitory activity against Eschericia coli NCTC 11560 in fermenting ground maize slurries at 22 and 30°C, and in porridges prepared from 24 h fermented slurries. The L. plantarum strains fermented ground maize slurries and produced significant levels of titratable acidity ≥5 g L-1 and low pH ≤3.63, displaying inhibitory activity against E. coli NCTC 11560. Inhibition was significantly (p≤0.05) greater at 30°C than at 22°C. At 30°C, E. coli was inhibited after 24 h in the co-inoculation assay (µ 5 g L-1. For safety of the product however fermentation has to be for at least 24 h at 30°C or more at 22°C.
Identification of Novel Natural Products as Effective and Broad-Spectrum Anti-Zika Virus Inhibitors

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy leads to severe congenital Zika syndrome, which includes microcephaly and other neurological malformations. No therapeutic agents have, so far, been approved for the treatment of ZIKV infection in humans; as such, there is a need for a continuous effort to develop effective and safe antiviral drugs to treat ZIKV-caused diseases. After screening a natural product library, we have herein identified four natural products with anti-ZIKV activity in Vero E6 cells, including gossypol, curcumin, digitonin, and conessine. Except for curcumin, the other three natural products have not been reported before to have anti-ZIKV activity. Among them, gossypol exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against almost all 10 ZIKV strains tested, including six recent epidemic human strains. The mechanistic study indicated that gossypol could neutralize ZIKV infection by targeting the envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of ZIKV. In contrast, the other natural products inhibited ZIKV infection by targeting the host cell or cell-associated entry and replication stages of ZIKV. A combination of gossypol with any of the three natural products identified in this study, as well as with bortezomib, a previously reported anti-ZIKV compound, exhibited significant combinatorial inhibitory effects against three ZIKV human strains tested. Importantly, gossypol also demonstrated marked potency against all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) human strains in vitro. Taken together, this study indicates the potential for further development of these natural products, particularly gossypol, as the lead compound or broad-spectrum inhibitors against ZIKV and other flaviviruses, such as DENV.