Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FT-MIR Analysis of Water-Soluble Extracts during the Ripening of Sheep Milk Cheese with Different Phospholipid Content

The purpose of this work was to study the suitability of the water-soluble extracts (WSE) of semi-hard sheep milk cheese for analysis by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) and the development of classification models using discriminant analysis and based on cheese age or phospholipid content. WSE was extracted from three types of sheep milk cheeses (full-fat, reduced-fat and reduced-fat fortified with lyophilized sweet sheep buttermilk) at various stages of ripening from six to 168 days and lyophilized. The first model used 1854–1381 and 1192–760 cm−1 regions of the first-derivative spectra and successfully differentiated samples of different age, based on changes in the water-soluble products of ripening biochemical events. The second model used the phospholipid absorbance spectral regions (3012–2851, 1854–1611 and 1192–909 cm−1) to successfully discriminate cheeses of markedly different phospholipid content. Cheese WSE was found suitable for FT-MIR analysis. According to the results, a fast and simple method to monitor cheese ripening based on water-soluble substances has been developed. Additionally, the results indicated that a considerable amount of phospholipids migrates to the cheese WSE and that FT-MIR can be a useful tool for their assessment.
High-Potential Test for Quality Control of Separator Defects in Battery Cell Production

Lithium-ion batteries are a key technology for electromobility; thus, quality control in cell production is a central aspect for the success of electric vehicles. The detection of defects and poor insulation behavior of the separator is essential for high-quality batteries. Optical quality control methods in cell production are unable to detect small but still relevant defects in the separator layer, e.g., pinholes or particle contaminations. This gap can be closed by executing high-potential testing to analyze the insulation performance of the electrically insulating separator layer in a pouch cell. Here, we present an experimental study to identify different separator defects on dry cell stacks on the basis of electric voltage stress and mechanical pressure. In addition, finite element modeling (FEM) is used to generate physical insights into the partial discharge by examining the defect structures and the corresponding electric fields, including topographical electrode roughness, impurity particles, and voids in the separator. The test results show that hard discharges are associated with significant separator defects. Based on the study, a voltage of 350 to 450 V and a pressure of 0.3 to 0.6 N/mm2 are identified as optimum ranges for the test methodology, resulting in failure detection rates of up to 85%.
Role of methylergometrine versus oxytocin in the active management of third stage of labour: a randomised control trial

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death globally. The routine practice of active management of third stage of labour has been shown to reduce haemorrhage by up to 60%. The present study evaluated the role of methylergometrine versus oxytocin in active management of third stage of labour in reducing the risk of PPH.Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 400 women admitted in the labour ward of PESIMSR hospital, by using simple randomized design. The first study group included women who received intramuscular oxytocin (n=200) and, the second group included women who received intravenous Methylergometrine (n=200) within, one minute of delivery of the baby.Results: The mean blood loss among study first and the second study group were 172.8 ml and 148.9 ml respectively (p<0.05) and, the mean duration of third stage of labour were 5.9 and 5.1 minutes respectively (p<0.05). The mean pre-and post-delivery haemoglobin values among the first and second group were 11.76 mg/dl, 10.46 mg/dl and, 11.76 mg/dl, 10.6 mg/dl respectively (p<0.05). There was an increase in the blood pressure in the ergometrine group and, slight decrease of blood pressure in oxytocin group.Conclusions: The use of methyl ergometrine as part of active management of third stage of labour was associated with a significant reduction in mean blood loss value, duration of third stage of labour, and the additional need of oxytocic though, methylergometrine has significant side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure.
Architectural Identity Design of Shophouses in George Town Heritage City: Significance and Definition

In George Town Heritage City, there is a perception that the styles of the shophouses were influenced by the western and eastern cultures but how far regarding the definition and origin of the name â€œshophousesâ€ and significance of the interior architectural identity design are yet to receive in-depth research in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper appraises the definition of shophouses in the region with an emphasis on the significance of the interior architectural identity design. This has become necessary because the shophouse is one of the key components that enhanced the city to be enlisted in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2008. To achieve the main aim, observation, case studies, and secondary sources were combined in the study. Findings show that the significance of the interior architectural identity design regarding the definition of shophouses has been silent in the literature and was addressed as part of the paperâ€™s implications. Also, the emerged findings will be relevant to stakeholders because the definition revealed the significance of interior architectural identity design as one of the architectural components that influence and govern shophouses design.
Multiperiodic Repetitive Control for Functional Electrical Stimulation-Based Wrist Tremor Suppression

Intention tremor refers to the rhythmic and involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles with movement toward a target, which is a common sequela of multiple sclerosis and usually occurs in the distal joints of the upper limb. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is feasible for tremor suppression because of its fewer side effects, low cost, and portability. Most existing FES-based design methods assume that tremor is a single-frequency signal, though it is multifrequency in reality. The idealized simplification will limit the performance of tremor suppression. To address the problem, this article proposes an FES-based multiperiodic repetitive control (MP-RC) scheme to suppress multiple frequency wrist tremors. First, a nonlinear wrist musculoskeletal model with a Hammerstein structure is established. Then, a control strategy combining the model inverse linearization control and MP-RC is proposed for tremor suppression. A frequency-modified inverse RC algorithm and a gradient-based RC algorithm are developed to regulate the FES level. Finally, comparative experiments on four unimpaired participants and an intention tremor patient are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. Experimental results show that the MP-RC scheme can suppress tremors by up to 90.52%. Compared with the traditional filter-based feedback controller and the single-periodic repetitive controller, the proposed multiperiodic repetitive controller can achieve an average of 26% and 16% improvement, respectively, in tremor suppression, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed design.
Multivariable predictive functional control of a compound power-split hybrid electric vehicle

The Corun hybrid system (CHS) is a deeply coupled multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) hybrid system. The two inputs are the torques of the two motors. The two outputs are the carrier speed and transmission output torque. Using the traditional control method, the multi-objective control quality cannot be guaranteed because of the adopted static decoupling method and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers. In this paper, the problems of the traditional control method are carefully analyzed, and a new control method is proposed. Instead of static decoupling, dynamic decoupling is adopted to improve the decoupling control effect. A predictive functional controller instead of a PID controller is adopted to deal with the pure delay caused by controller area network (CAN) communication. The tracking effect of the target value is further improved by predictive functional controllers. For the two decoupled subsystems, that is, the integral system and the second-order underdamped system, two predictive functional controllers are designed. The new control method was verified by simulations and tests. The results show that the new control method is superior to the traditional control method for CHS.
Real-Time Highly Resolved Spatial-Temporal Vehicle Energy Consumption Estimation Using Machine Learning and Probe Data

Real-time highly resolved spatial-temporal vehicle energy consumption is a key missing dimension in transportation data. Most roadway link-level vehicle energy consumption data are estimated using average annual daily traffic measures derived from the Highway Performance Monitoring System; however, this method does not reflect day-to-day energy consumption fluctuations. As transportation planners and operators are becoming more environmentally attentive, they need accurate real-time link-level vehicle energy consumption data to assess energy and emissions; to incentivize energy-efficient routing; and to estimate energy impact caused by congestion, major events, and severe weather. This paper presents a computational workflow to automate the estimation of time-resolved vehicle energy consumption for each link in a road network of interest using vehicle probe speed and count data in conjunction with machine learning methods in real time. The real-time pipeline can deliver energy estimates within a couple seconds on query to its interface. The proposed method was evaluated on the transportation network of the metropolitan area of Chattanooga, Tennessee. The volume estimation results were validated with ground truth traffic volume data collected in the field. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the energy consumption pipeline was applied to real-world data to quantify road transportation-related energy reduction because of mitigation policies to slow the spread of COVID-19 and to measure energy loss resulting from congestion.
Leadership and the hidden politics of co-produced research: a Q-methodology study

Co-production of research has been promoted, but raises many challenges for academic research, including how to balance between scientific methods and the normative values associated with co-production. Involving the public and other stakeholders can imply different purposes for undertaking research, and different perspectives on how to do it. Who leads, and how, can influence how these disputed issues of purpose, practice, and power, are handled. A gap has been identified on the ‘hidden politics’ of leadership in co-produced research. The Q-methodology study presented in this paper offered a means to interrogate the different perspectives on leadership in co-produced research. Through systematic, comparative and empirically-grounded analysis, we identified four distinct viewpoints on leadership in co-production, offering competing perspectives on the practice of leadership, how questions of power should be addressed and contrasting purposes, emphasizing: creativity, outcomes, vision or equality. In reflecting on their divergence, as well as points of commonality, we demonstrate the value of centring questions of otherwise ‘hidden’ politics in debates on co-production and leadership. Our research offers theoretical advance in understanding how leadership in co-production is contested, and practical utility in offering heuristics to help navigate the messy realities of co-production.
The Relationship Between Weight Loss Outcomes and Engagement in a Mobile Behavioral Change Intervention: Retrospective Analysis

Background There is large variance in weight loss outcomes of digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs). It has been suggested that different patterns of engagement in the program could be responsible for this variance in outcomes. Previous studies have found that the amount of engagement on DBCIs, such as the number of meals logged or articles read, is positively associated with weight loss. Objective This retrospective study extends previous research by observing how important weight loss outcomes (high weight loss: 10% or greater body weight loss; moderate weight loss: between 5% to 10%; stable weight: 0 plus or minus 1%) are associated with engagement on a publicly available mobile DBCI (Noom) from 9 to 52 weeks. Methods Engagement and weight data for eligible participants (N=11,252) were extracted from the Noom database. Engagement measures included the number of articles read, meals logged, steps recorded, messages to coach, exercise logged, weigh-ins, and days with 1 meal logged per week. Weight was self-reported on the program. Multiple linear regressions examined how weight loss outcome (moderate and high vs stable) was associated with each engagement measure across 3 study time periods: 9-16 weeks, 17-32 weeks, and 33-52 weeks. Results At 9-16 weeks, among the 11,252 participants, 2594 (23.05%) had stable weight, 6440 (57.23%) had moderate weight loss, and 2218 (19.71%) had high weight loss. By 33-52 weeks, 525 (18.21%) had stable weight, 1214 (42.11%) had moderate weight loss, and 1144 (39.68%) had high weight loss. Regression results showed that moderate weight loss and high weight loss outcomes were associated with all engagement measures to a significantly greater degree than was stable weight (all P values <.001). These differences held across all time periods with the exception of exercise for the moderate weight loss category at 1 time period of 33-52 weeks. Exercise logging increased from 9 to 52 weeks regardless of the weight loss group. Conclusions Our results suggest that these clinically important weight loss outcomes are related to the number of articles read, meals logged, steps recorded, messages to coach, exercise logged, weigh-ins, and days with 1 meal logged per week both in the short-term and long-term (ie, 1 year) on Noom. This provides valuable data on engagement patterns over time on a self-directed mobile DBCI, can help inform how interventions tailor recommendations for engagement depending on how much weight individuals have lost, and raises important questions for future research on engagement in DBCIs.
‘Living in the moment’: mountain bikers’ search for flow

ABSTRACT As a popular adventure sport worldwide, mountain biking provides a range of challenges and opportunities for participants. This paper aims to understand whether experienced riders actively search for ‘flow experiences’ that can manifest themselves in a range of euphoric feelings, varying from the loss of awareness of time to sub-conscious control over actions. Exploring findings from research undertaken in New Zealand and England, the paper suggests that committed riders do encounter and can describe a range of flow characteristics when riding, although the findings conclude that such experiences are considered to be by-products of participation, rather than motivational factors in their own right.
Observed Changes of Köppen Climate Zones Based on High‐Resolution Data Sets in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Emerging and disappearing climate zones are frequently used to diagnose and project climate change. However, little attempt has been made to quantify shifts of climate zones in Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) based on the high‐resolution data sets. Our results show that highland climate was decreased substantially during 1961–2011 and were mainly replaced by boreal climate. We also found that the mean elevation of boreal and highland climate continues to rise, with obvious longitudinal geographical characteristics over the study period. Furthermore, we found that the climate spaces (a climate space defined as the volume of 10°C × 500 mm here) of both boreal and highland climate types tend to be warm and humid ones, which may provide more suitable climate conditions for species to maintain and promote diversity. Characterization of changes in QTP climate types deepens our understanding of regional climate and its biological impacts.
A Novel Hollow Two-Sided Output PMSM Integrated With Mechanical Planetary Gear: A Solution for Drive and Transmission System of Servo Press

Servo press has become the future development trend in the field of the forging equipment. Its core component is servo motor (permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM), and serve press is completely driven and controlled by the servo motor. For the ideal drive and transmission system of the advanced servo press, a conventional PMSM cannot do this well, so an integrated PMSM must be used. This article focuses on the integration of servo motor, facing the application background of the servo press, and proposes a novel hollow two-sided output PMSM integrated with mechanical planetary gear. The novel integrated PMSM is designed based on a conventional PMSM. The integrated design is described in detail. The two prototypes of a conventional PMSM and an integrated PMSM are developed and two prototypes are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the novel integrated PMSM has good electrical properties and it can well match the moment of inertia between the load and the motor. The rapid response (related to the square of the gear ratio), stability (related to the gear ratio), and the output torque (related to the gear ratio) of the novel integrated PMSM are superior to the conventional PMSM. In addition, the application of the novel integrated PMSM can make the whole structure of the servo press more compact, more efficient, and can realize mechanical synchronization.
The co-creation design process of ‘You & I’: a serious game to support mentalizing and stress-regulating abilities in adults with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities

ABSTRACT Interventions to support mentalizing abilities are relevant for all people to enhance social skills and well-being. For people with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities, learning mentalizing skills may be challenging, however, because of the abstract and complex nature of the construct. The application of serious games has the potential to teach and train in these skills and engage this target group in treatment. This study investigates the key elements of a design model for a serious game aimed at learning abstract skills, taking into account the needs and wishes of adults with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities. We first searched the literature for guidelines covering effective interventions and for game design elements with the potential to train in abstract skills and motivate this specific group. We then included co-researchers with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities in guiding the development of the serious game ‘You & I’. Here we describe application of the recommendations from the literature to the development of the game and the co-creation process. This process resulted in key elements described in a design model that provides more structured knowledge for future studies of teaching abstract skills using a serious game in this population.
Mathematical Modelling of Transient Processes in an Asynchronous Drive with a Long Shaft Including Cardan Joints

Beginning with the classic methods, a mathematical model of an electromechanical system is developed that consists of a deep bar cage induction motor that, via a complex motion transmission with distributed mechanical parameters, drives a working machine, loading the drive system with a constant torque. The electromagnetic field theory serves to create the motor model, which allows addressing the displacement of current in the rotor cage bars. Ordinary and partial differential equations are used to describe the electromechanical processes of energy conversion in the motor. The complex transmission of the drive motion consists of a long shaft with variable geometry cardan joints mounted on its ends. Non-linear electromechanical differential equations are presented as a system of ordinary differential equations combined with a mixed problem of Dirichlet first-type and Poincaré third-type boundary conditions. This system of equations is integrated by discretising partial derivatives by means of the straight-line methods and successive integration as a function of time using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method. Starting from there, complicated transient processes in the drive system are analysed. Results of computer simulations are presented in the graphic form, which is analysed.
Testing Whether Pre-Pod-Fill Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Is Subject to Drift or Selection Over 100 Years of Soybean Breeding

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] is the world's leading legume crop and the largest oilseed crop. It forms a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria residing in root nodules that provide fixed nitrogen to host plants through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). In soybean, it has been widely reported that the highest SNF occurs at the pod-filling stage, associated with the peak demand for nitrogen. However, the majority of seed nitrogen is derived from remobilizing root/shoot nitrogen, representing cumulative SNF from the seedling stage to the pre-pod-fill stage. Therefore, the question arises as to whether there has also been selection for improved SNF at these earlier stages, or whether pre-pod-fill SNF traits have drifted. To test this hypothesis, in this study, pre-pod SNF-related traits were evaluated in soybean cultivars that span 100 years of breeding selection in the Canadian Province of Ontario. Specifically, we evaluated SNF traits in 19 pedigree-related historical cultivars and 25 modern cultivars derived from the University of Guelph soybean breeding program. Field trials were conducted at Woodstock, Ontario, Canada in 2016 and 2017, and various SNF-related traits were measured at pre-pod-fill stages (R1-R3), including nitrogen fixation capacity. Considerable variation was observed among Canadian soybean cultivars released over the past 100 years for pre-pod-fill nitrogen fixation. The modern soybean cultivars had similar or moderately higher pre-pod-fill SNF compared to the historical lines in terms of the percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) and total shoot fixed nitrogen. These findings suggest that, despite no direct selection by breeders, pre-pod-fill nitrogen fixation, and associated SNF traits have been maintained and possibly improved in modern soybean breeding. However, the low level of pre-pod-fill SNF in some modern cultivars, and generally wide variation observed in SNF between them, suggest some level of genetic drift for this trait in some pedigrees. Specific historical and modern soybean cultivars were identified as potential parents to enable targeted breeding for improved pre-pod-fill SNF. This retrospective study sheds light on our understanding of the impact of decades of recent selective breeding on pre-pod-fill nitrogen fixation traits in soybean in a temperate environment.