Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the evidence for policy and environmental strategies to prevent childhood obesity in black communities: new directions and next steps

Exposure to physical and policy environments that limit availability, affordability and appeal of healthy eating and active living options is higher for U.S. blacks than whites. This may contribute to high risk of obesity in black communities and limit effectiveness of preventive interventions. Here, we assess applicability to black Americans of findings from a prior evidence review system designed to accelerate the discovery and application of policy and environmental strategies for childhood obesity prevention and assess external validity. The database included 600 peer‐reviewed articles reporting data from 396 sets of studies (study groupings) published from January 2000 through May 2009 and pertained to 24 types of policy and environmental strategies. Only 33 study groupings (∼8%) included ≥50% black Americans or reported subgroup analyses. Of 10 evaluation studies for interventions rated as effective for all populations in the primary review, 8 suggested effectiveness of child‐focused interventions in school or child care settings for obesity‐ or physical activity‐related outcomes in black Americans. Overall findings highlight the need for rigorous evaluations of interventions that reach black children in community or institutional settings, and conceptual frameworks and research designs geared to identifying ethnic or ethnicity–income group differences in intervention effects.
Making Android Apps Data-Leak-Safe by Data Flow Analysis and Code Injection

Some support is needed in order to shun the possibility that sensitive data handled by applications are sent to improper destinations. Although apps running on Android OS declare the accessed services, once the user accepts, the application receives complete permissions and may use sensitive data improperly. Some tools have emerged to check data access and flow, however such tools are either based on static analysis or dynamic tracking. The former brings no overhead at run-time, but is less precise, the latter can bring a costly overhead during execution, having to monitor any access to sensitive data and all destinations. Our approach is innovative in that it takes advantage of static analysis and then monitors at run-time only data paths that potentially give sensitive data out. The correspondent tool is tailored to Android environment, tool-chain, libraries, and typical requirements that applications have to satisfy.
Molecular Adaptations to Concurrent Training

Abstract This study investigated the chronic effects of concurrent training (CT) on morphological and molecular adaptations. 37 men (age=23.7±5.5 year) were divided into 4 groups: interval (IT), strength (ST) and concurrent (CT) training and a control group (C) and underwent 8 weeks of training. Maximum strength (1RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were evaluated before and after training. Muscle samples were obtained before the training program and 48 h after the last training session. VO2max improved in 5±0.95% and 15±1.3% (pre- to post-test) in groups CT and IT, respectively, when compared to C. Time to exhaustion (TE) improved from pre- to post-test when compared to C (CT=6.1±0.58%; IT=8.3±0.88%; ST=3.2±0.66%). 1RM increased from pre-to post-test only in ST and CT groups (ST=18.5±3.16%; CT=17.6±3.01%). Similarly, ST and CT groups increased quadriceps CSA from pre-to post-test (6.2±1.4%; 7.8±1.66%). The p70S6K1 total protein content increased after CT. The ST group showed increased Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 (45.0±3.3%) whereas AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 increased only in IT group, (100±17.6%). In summary, our data suggest that despite the differences in molecular adaptations between training regimens, CT did not blunt muscle strength and hypertrophy increments when compared with ST.
Effects of the Youth Fit for Life Protocol on Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Factors at YMCA Calgary After-School Care Sites

Youth inactivity and inappropriately high weight is a problem in the United States, Canada, and much of the industrialized world. Physiological and behavioral changes associated with the Youth Fit For Life protocol, a physical activity and nutrition education treatment based on self-efficacy theory, were assessed in 7- to 12-yr. -olds (N = 43) from Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Body Mass Index, strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance significantly improved over a 12-wk. period when contrasted with changes based on normative data. Significant within-group improvements in measures of self-efficacy, vegetable intake, and voluntary moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were also found over 12 wk. Multiple regression analysis indicated that score changes in measures of self-regulatory and task self-efficacy, and general self, accounted for changes in voluntary physical activity. Implications for use of behaviorally based methods for large-scale obesity prevention treatments in preadolescents were discussed.
Efficient statistical face recognition across pose using Local Binary Patterns and Gabor wavelets

The performance of face recognition systems can be dramatically degraded when the pose of the probe face is different from the gallery face. In this paper, we present a pose robust face recognition model, centered on modeling how face patches change in appearance as the viewpoint varies. We present a novel model based on two robust local appearance descriptors, Gabor wavelets and Local Binary Patterns (LBP). These two descriptors have been widely exploited for face recognition and different strategies for combining them have been investigated. However, to the best of our knowledge, all existing combination methods are designed for frontal face recognition. We introduce a local statistical framework for face recognition across pose variations, given only one frontal reference image. The method is evaluated on the Feret pose dataset and experimental results show that we achieve very high recognition rates over the wide range of pose variations presented in this challenging dataset.
Effects of social status and moderate alcohol consumption on mammary gland and endometrium of surgically postmenopausal monkeys

Objective:To evaluate the effects of social subordination stress and chronic moderate alcohol consumption on indices of breast and endometrial cancer risk. Design:Forty-six adult, ovariectomized, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were trained to voluntarily drink a placebo or a two-drink/day equivalent of ethanol (0.5 g/kg), 5 days a week for 26 months, the latter resulting in average blood alcohol levels of 42 mg/100 mL. Indices of cell proliferation and sex steroid receptor abundance were measured. Results:Compared with dominants, socially subordinate females had increased cell proliferation and proportions of glandular (P < 0.02) and epithelial tissue (P = 0.009) and less stroma (P < 0.02) in endometrium, and increased tissue thickness in breast (P < 0.05). There was no evidence of increased risk of breast or endometrial cancer with chronic moderate alcohol consumption, as indicated by markers of cell proliferation and sex steroid receptor abundance. Chronic moderate alcohol consumption did not effect circulating sex steroid concentrations (all P > 0.10). The adipocyte hormones leptin and adiponectin were correlated with indices of cell proliferation and sex steroid receptor abundance. Conclusions:These observations suggest that social status was more important than chronic moderate alcohol consumption in endometrial and breast biology of surgically postmenopausal females. Endogenous sex steroid metabolism was not significantly affected by chronic moderate alcohol exposure consistent with the lack of estrogen-like effects on breast and endometrium. Social subordination stress was associated with initial cellular changes that may increase endometrial cancer risk. Ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys may be a useful model for the study of effects of social factors and obesity on breast and endometrial cancer risk.
Robustification of the modular tracking controller for the N-Trailers by employing a disturbance observation-compensation loop

This paper is devoted to the control-robustification problem for the modular tracking controller devised for the N-Trailers and recently presented in [15]. Robustification is addressed in the context of parametric uncertainty of the N-Trailer kinematics resulting from the lack of perfect knowledge on the lengths of the trailers and hitching offsets. It is shown that the presence of parametric uncertainty can be brought to the existence of a resultant input-matched disturbance acting in the outer loop of the original modular tracking controller. Through redesigning of the nominal tracking controller by employing an additional disturbance observation-compensation loop, a new composite robust control law is proposed for the uncertain N-Trailer kinematics. It is shown that under some conditions the new control law guarantees uniform ultimate boundedness of an output tracking error for an arbitrarily small ultimate bound, even for substantial model uncertainties. A simulation example illustrates control performance improvement achievable with the new robust controller for the non-standard three-trailer kinematics.
Double split ring slot FSS reflectarray for difference pattern generation

A report is presented on a split ring slot frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector whose element design and distribution allows generation of far-field difference patterns. The reflector operates by converting linearly polarised plane wave fronts into two orthogonal polarisations each with a deep null in the centre of the radiation pattern. The far-field measurement presented is in good agreement with the simulation and demonstrates a null depth of -20dB in the centre of the radiation pattern.
ANALYSIS OF INSAR SENSITIVITY TO FOREST STRUCTURE BASED ON RADAR SCATTERING MODEL

To investigate the effect of forest spatial structure on SAR interferometry (InSAR) data requires an electromagnetic scattering model capable of expressing radar observation in terms of parameters describing forest spatial structure. In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic scattering model for mixed-species forest which includes the coherent effect of forest structure and preserves phase information of radar backscattering signal. Interferometric SAR images of three-dimensional (3-D) scenes are simulated based on this model and the heights of scattering phase centers are estimated from the simulated InSAR data. The results show that the model is suitable † Also with State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9718, Beijing, 100101, China.
Trace-Metals in Sera of Control and Zinc-Deficient Pigs after Six Weeks on the Dietary Regimen

Zinc deficiency is associated with poor growth and development. It has been postulated that a deficiency of the various zinc metalloenzymes results from the lack of dietary zinc. From present study, an examination of some aspects of this postulate, w8 conclude the following about zinc deficiency in pigs: (1) Of the tissues studied, it results in diminished zinc content only in liver, kidney, and pancreas. (2) It is associated with tissue abnormalities of various trace elements other than zinc. (3) Histochemical enzyme assays are satisfactory for qualitative but not quantitative determination of zinc metalloenzymes. (4) Deficiency of various tissue zinc metalloenzymes is difficult to demonstrate, even in severe zinc deficiency. (5) It is associated with decreased activity of hepatic leucine aminopeptidase and ornithine transcarbamylase, and decreased serum cholesterol concentrations. Our findings are consistent with the postulate that alterations in a number of trace elements may occurintheentity called zinc deficiency.
Genetic and Functional Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Human Dopamine Receptor and Transporter Genes in Small Cell Lung Cancer

The regulatory role of dopamine (DA) in endocrine, cardiovascular and renal functions has been extensively studied and used for clinical purposes. More recently DA has been indicated as a regulatory molecule for immune cells and malignant cell proliferation. We assessed the expression and the functional role DA, DA receptors, and transporters in primary small cell lung cancer (SCLC). By HPLC DA plasma levels were more elevated in SCLC patients in comparison with NSCLC patients and healthy controls. SCLC cell expressed DA D1‐ and D2‐like receptors and membrane and vesicular transporters at protein and mRNA levels. We also investigated the effects of independent D1‐ or D2‐like receptor stimulation on SCLC cell cultures. DA D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 induced the increase of cAMP levels and DARPP‐32 protein expression without affecting SCLC growth rate. Cell treatment with the DA D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 inhibited SKF38393 effects. In contrast, the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (10 μM) counteracted, in a dose and time dependent way, SCLC cell proliferation, it did not affect cAMP levels and decreased phosphorylated AKT that was induced by DA D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. However, in only one SCLC line, stimulation of DA D2 receptor failed to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. This effect was associated to the existence of rs6275 and rs6277 polymorphisms in the D2 gene. These results gave more insight into DA control of lung cancer cell behavior and suggested the existence of different SCLC phenotypes. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 345–356, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrieval of gravity-capillary spectrum parameters by means of microwave radiometric techniques

The paper presents some results obtained during a series of microwave remote sensing experiments carried out on the Black Sea coast in 1999-2002. The measurements were made from a pier at the South Department of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology with microwave radiometers operating at wavelengths of 1.5, 0.8, 0.5, and 0.3 cm. The surface wave spectrum parameters were estimated from angular radiometric measurements using a novel approach. Microwave brightness contrasts at Ka-band (37 GHz) measured over wide range of incidence angles were used for a curvature spectrum of gravity-capillary waves and a mean-square slope of gravity waves retrieval. The evolution of spectrum parameters under variable wind (ranged from 0.5-7 m/s) was investigated. The delay of brightness variation relative to wind speed as large as 1-2 h was found. The performed spectral analysis permitted to relate the observed brightness delay to short gravity-capillary surface waves, whereas longer gravity waves followed the wind practically without any delay. It is concluded that the proposed technique of gravity-capillary wave spectrum retrieval provides a useful tool for investigation of air-sea interaction and surface wave dynamics.
Detection of shape changes in biological features *

The question of analysing shape changes over time, such as during growth and during the progress of disease, is an important fundamental issue for many applications. Recent mathematical developments in the understanding of the detailed structure of shape spaces have made possible the quantitative study of shape variation. In this paper, we combine the classical multidimensional scaling technique with knowledge of the geometry of shape spaces to examine the role played by the geodesics in shape spaces. We present some promising early results answering questions about shape changes over time.
Comparison of the unstructured clinician estimate of pretest probability for pulmonary embolism to the Canadian score and the Charlotte rule: a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES Clinical decision rules have been validated for estimation of pretest probability in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). However, many clinicians prefer to use clinical gestalt for this purpose. The authors compared the unstructured clinical estimate of pretest probability for PE with two clinical decision rules. METHODS This prospective, observational study was conducted from October 2001 to July 2004 at an urban academic emergency department with an annual census of 105,000. A total of 2,603 patients were enrolled; mean age (+/- SD) was 45 (+/- 16) years, and 70% were female. All patients were evaluated for PE using a previously published protocol, including D-dimer and alveolar dead space measurements, and selected use of pulmonary vascular imaging. All had 45-day follow-up. Interobserver agreement for each pretest probability estimation method was measured in a separate group of 154 patients. RESULTS The overall prevalence of PE was 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.9% to 6.8%). Most were deemed low risk for PE, including 69% by the unstructured estimate < 15%, 73% by the Canadian score < 2, and 88% by the Charlotte rule "safe. " The corresponding prevalence of disease in each of these low-risk groups was 2.6%, 3.0%, and 4.2%. Weighted Cohen's kappa values were 0.60 (95% CI = 0.46 to 0.74) for the unstructured clinical estimate < 15%, 0.47 (95% CI = 0.33 to 0.61) for the Canadian score < 2, and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.69 to 1.0) for the Charlotte rule "safe. " CONCLUSIONS The unstructured clinical estimate of low pretest probability for PE compares favorably with the Canadian score and the Charlotte rule. Interobserver agreement for the unstructured estimate is moderate.
Breath‐hold water and fat imaging using a dual‐echo two‐point dixon technique with an efficient and robust phase‐correction algorithm

A two‐point Dixon technique using a novel phase‐correction algorithm and commercially available dual‐echo fast gradient‐echo pulse sequence is presented. The phase‐correction algorithm determines the directional rather than phase distribution of signals due to field inhomogeneities. Specifically, a region‐growing scheme uses precalculated spatial gradients of the signal phase to guide the growth sequence, so there is no need to manually select the seeds or use an empirical angular threshold. Further, the determination of the signal direction of a given pixel is based on both the amplitude and phase of the surrounding pixels, the direction of which has already been determined. The advantages of this algorithm include its easy implementation, computational efficiency, and robustness in the presence of pixels with large phase uncertainty. The feasibility and usefulness of the technique are demonstrated in vivo with artifact‐free water and fat images of an entire abdomen in a single breath‐hold. Magn Reson Med 52:415–419, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Vs Fine-Needle Biopsy.

RM The primary goal of fine-needle aspiration is to acquire individual cells as opposed to tissue, which is the aim of fine-needle biopsy. Cells may not necessarily provide the stroma, or the associated architecture, of the surrounding tissue. Thus, if the surrounding architecture is needed to make a diagnosis, a fine-needle biopsy, which typically uses a core biopsy needle, should provide that.
Flower-Promoting Activity of Pea Seed Diffusates.

by reduced pyridine nucleotides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 15: 159-161. 1954. 5. RITTENBERG, D. The preparation of gas samples for mass-spectrographic isotope analysis. In: Preparation and Measurement of Isotopic Tracers, D. W. Wilson et al. Pp. 31-42. J. W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1946. 6. VARNER, J. E. , BULEN, W. A. , VANECKO, S. , and BURRELL, R. C. Determination of ammonium, amide, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in plant extracts. Anal. Chem. 25: 1528-1529. 1953. 7. ZUCKER, M. and NASON, A. A pyridine nucleotidehydroxylamine reductase from Neurospora. Jour. Biol. Chem. 213: 463-478. 1955.
The Binding Speci fi city of the PHD-Finger Domain of VIN 3 Moderates Vernalization Response 1 [ OPEN ]

Vernalization is a response to winter cold to initiate flowering in spring. VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE3 (VIN3) is induced by winter cold and is essential to vernalization response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). VIN3 encodes a PHD-finger domain that binds to modified histones in vitro. An alteration in the binding specificity of the PHD-finger domain of VIN3 results in a hypervernalization response. The hypervernalization response is achieved by increased enrichments of VIN3 and trimethylation of Histone H3 Lys 27 at the FLC locus without invoking the increased enrichment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Our result shows that the binding specificity of the PHD-finger domain of VIN3 plays a role in mediating a proper vernalization response in Arabidopsis.
Accuracy state of charge estimation used in energy storage system for electric transportation

Electric transportation is the development tendency of the transportation systems in future world. Energy storage systems are the key components of the electric transportation systems. Accuracy state of charge (SOC) estimation of energy storage system is crucial not only for improve energy used efficiency, but also for electric transportation drive safety. This paper choose LiFePO4 Li-ion battery as energy storage medium, use equivalent circuit modeling the battery, estimate the SOC of the battery through SMFEKF algorithm. The comparison between the SMFEKF algorithm simulation data and the experimental data shows that the SMFEKF algorithm has a better accuracy in SOC estimation.
Resistant hypertension in a tertiary care clinic.

STUDY OBJECTIVE --To determine the prevalence of resistant hypertension in a tertiary care facility, the frequency of its various causes, and the results of treatment. DESIGN --Review of clinic records of all patients seen for the first time between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1988. METHODS --Patients meeting criteria for resistant hypertension were examined for appropriateness of their medical regimen, presence of secondary causes of hypertension, noncompliance, interfering substances, drug interactions, office resistance (elevated blood pressure in the office only while receiving treatment), and other potential causes of resistance. RESULTS --Of the 436 charts reviewed, 91 were those of patients who met criteria for resistant hypertension and were seen more than once. The most common cause was a suboptimal medical regimen (39 patients), followed by medication intolerance (13 patients), previously undiagnosed secondary hypertension (10 patients), noncompliance (nine patients), psychiatric causes (seven patients), office resistance (two patients), an interfering substance (two patients), and drug interaction (one patient). Blood pressure control, defined as diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or less and systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or less for patients aged 50 years or less (less than or equal to 150 mm Hg for those aged 51 to 60 years and less than or equal to 160 mm Hg for those aged greater than 60 years), was achieved in 48 (53%) of those 91 patients. Another 10 had significant improvement in their blood pressure (greater than or equal to 15% decrease in diastolic blood pressure). Of patients whose blood pressure was controlled after they had been on a suboptimal regimen, the two most frequently used therapeutic strategies were to add (50%) or modify (24%) diuretic therapy or to add (50%) or increase the dose of (12%) a newer drug, either a calcium entry blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. CONCLUSION --We conclude that resistant hypertension is common in a tertiary care facility and that a suboptimal regimen is the most common reason. Furthermore, in the majority of these patients, the elevated blood pressures can be controlled or significantly improved.