Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissecting a supernova impostor’s circumstellar medium: MUSEing about the SHAPE of η Carinae’s outer ejecta

Aims. The role of episodic mass loss is one of the outstanding questions in massive star evolution. The structural inhomogeneities and kinematics of their nebulae are tracers of their mass-loss history. We conduct a three-dimensional morpho-kinematic analysis of the ejecta of η Car outside its famous Homunculus nebula. Methods. We carried out the first large-scale integral field unit observations of η Car in the optical, covering a field of view of 1′× 1′ centered on the star. Observations with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) reveal the detailed three-dimensional structure of η Car’s outer ejecta. Morpho-kinematic modeling of these ejecta is conducted with the code SHAPE. Results. The largest coherent structure in η Car’s outer ejecta can be described as a bent cylinder with roughly the same symmetry axis as the Homunculus nebula. This large outer shell is interacting with the surrounding medium, creating soft X-ray emission. Doppler velocities of up to 3000 km s -1 are observed. We establish the shape and extent of the ghost shell in front of the southern Homunculus lobe and confirm that the NN condensation can best be modeled as a bowshock in the orbital/equatorial plane. Conclusions. The SHAPE modeling of the MUSE observations provides a significant gain in the study of the three-dimensional structure of η Car’s outer ejecta. Our SHAPE modeling indicates that the kinematics of the outer ejecta measured with MUSE can be described by a spatially coherent structure, and that this structure also correlates with the extended soft X-ray emission associated with the outer debris field. The ghost shell immediately outside the southern Homunculus lobe hints at a sequence of eruptions within the time frame of the Great Eruption from 1837–1858 or possibly a later shock/reverse shock velocity separation. Our 3D morpho-kinematic modeling and the MUSE observations constitute an invaluable dataset to be confronted with future radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Such a comparison may shed light on the yet elusive physical mechanism responsible for η Car-like eruptions.
Nighttime Notifications and Compulsivity Illuminate the Link Between Emerging Adults’ Cellphone Use and Sleep-Related Problems

Although higher levels of cellphone use have been correlated with sleep problems, few studies have investigated specific qualities of cellphone use that may account for this relationship. Recently, significant associations among nighttime cellphone use, compulsive orientation toward cellphone use, and multiple characteristics of compromised sleep were found in a sample of undergraduate students enrolled at a small liberal arts college (Murdock, Horissian, & Crichlow-Ball, 2016). The current study expands upon these findings. Data were collected from 2 samples of undergraduates: 273 students enrolled at a midsized state university and 152 self-identified students recruited through Mechanical Turk. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses that nighttime cellphone notifications and qualities of compulsive cellphone use would predict sleep problems and daytime sleepiness, even after taking into account the overall frequency of cellphone use. Full support for hypotheses was found for both domains of sleep-related functioning in both samples. Findings suggest that contextual aspects of cellphone use, such as its timing and compulsivity, may be more important to emerging adults’ sleep than aspects of cellphone use such as the number of texts or time spent on calls. Sleep promotion programs for emerging adults should target specific cellphone use qualities—that is, the when, where, and how of cellphone use—to promote behavior change and improved sleep.
The underpricing of Brazilian IPOs and the adjustment to public and private information

This paper examines the underwriters’ treatment of information throughout the IPO pricing process based on a sample of Brazilian companies that went public between 2004 and 2011. There is evidence that the offer price partially incorporates the information contained into the Bovespa index during the book-building period, reacting symmetrically to upward and downward movements. The first-day return, as a result, is predictable on the basis of this information. Positive private information disclosed during the book-building period is also partially incorporated into the offer price. Issues priced above the midpoint of the initial price range are associated with higher initial returns.
Probiotics and Its Relationship with the Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular disease is a major health issue worldwide. Individuals who have car- diovascular disease, are often at risk or already have other diseases, which together can lead to metabolic syndromes and possibly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Gut microbial balance is increasingly being recognized as a possible risk factor in cardiovascular illnesses. Studies published so far have shown a possible link to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and associated cardiac illnesses. Balance of the colonic flora seems to improve these co-morbid conditions. Probiotics have been studied in several studies to determine if their use provides a beneficial non-pharmacological treatment option for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Placebo, double blinded controlled studies are s needed to determine if these perceived beneficial effects exists and to what extent probiotics play in the overall outcome in cardiovascular diseases.
International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems , SolarPACES 2014 Transient infrared thermography heat loss measurements on parabolic trough receivers under laboratory conditions

This paper describes a transient infrared thermography heat loss measurement method for parabolic trough receivers and its development under laboratory conditions. The method is designed for future field measurements and represents a complementary approach to steady-state heat loss measurement methods. The receiver specific heat loss is determined by applying a thermal excitation to the absorber tube and by measuring both the absorber and glass temperature response signals with infrared pyrometers. These transient signals are processed to derive a mean absorber temperature, a mean glass temperature, an amplitude ratio and a phase shift at a mean air temperature. Temperature signals are used to identify receiver thermal properties with the help of a numerical heat transfer model coupled to a parameter identification algorithm. Parabolic trough receivers with distinct absorber coating and annulus properties have been tested with two different transient excitation profiles, i.e. sinusoidal and ramp-and-hold signals. The identified receiver thermal properties have been compared to steady-state heat loss experiments conducted with DLR THERMOREC test bench. The observed specific heat loss deviations between steady-state and transient laboratory measurements respectively range from 2% to 4% for evacuated receivers with selective coating and from 1% to 9% for receivers with black painted absorbers. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer review by the scientific conference committee of SolarPACES 2014 under responsibility of PSE AG.
The Effect of Ethnic Heterogeneity on the Formation of Informal Insurance Networks in South India

This paper looks at the effect that two different indices designed to summarize ethnic heterogeneity have on the formation of informal insurance networks in 75 villages in south India. Using extensive network data, a measure for the borrowing and lending behavior is constructed. An OLS framework is used to observe the impact that ethnic polarization and fractionalization have on borrowing and lending of money and of rice and kerosene in these communities. The paper finds an inverse, non-monotonic relationship between the measures of ethnic heterogeneity and strength of the lending and borrowing measures that reverses at a certain threshold. This shows that the size, number, and relative positional power of ethnic groups in a community affect households’ decision to lend and borrow from others in the community. Homogenous and moderateto highly heterogeneous communities are best able to pool risk. Impact of Ethnic Heterogeneity on the Formation of Informal Insurance Networks
Statistical Measures of Dynamic Triggering

A new theory of dynamic triggering based upon fault frictionthat responds to both slip rate and contact state will be presented, along wit h observational tests of the theory using aftershocks surrounding 3 southern California event s, the 1992 Landers, 1994 Northridge and 1999 Hector Mine mainshocks. This theory of transient fa ult movement naturally explains the temporal distribution of dynamically triggered afters hock sequences lasting many months. A fast approximate dynamic stress transfer model is used to c ompute the dynamic failure func- tion predicted by the theory, and 4 different statistical me asures are used to evaluate it. Failure functions involving static, dynamic, and hybrid failure fu nctions are quantitatively evaluated by fitting exactly the same data using functional forms that hav e exactly the same number of de- grees of freedom. The temporal and the spatial structure of a40,000 event southern California catalog with is used to constrain these models. The results suggest that b oth static and dynamic triggering occur, with the dynamic triggering occu rring through transient reversal of the resolved shear stress and consequent fault movement.
The economic impact of minimart on traditional shop in Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Minimart is a modern store similar to convenience store. In urban areas in Indonesia, it is hard to find a location without a minimart. The proliferation of minimart in urban areas feared would displace the traditional shop. The study aims to measure the economic impact of the minimart on the traditional shop in Malang. 172 traditional shops scattered in Malang was purposively chosen in this study; 86 shops located near to the minimart, and 86 shops located away from the minimart. Using difference-in-difference estimation, the simple model reveals that the drop in revenue (-125,116.28 IDR) was not significant; on the other hands, the drop in profit (-25,193.02 IDR) was significant. The econometric model shows that the minimart gives the negative impact on both revenue (-2.7%) and profit (5.5%). However, the impact was not significant. Furthermore, the interview reveals that the declining in revenue and profit was caused by the loss in the number of buyers. The decline in revenue and profit has happened due to many emerging new traditional shop. The new traditional shops come up with several innovations to attract the buyers. The presence of the new traditional shop has forced the existing traditional shops to take action to survive. The four actions that most traditional shops did were: diversify products, better display, adding new brands and lower the prices.
Food choices and feeding patterns for women and infants in rural northern Thailand : an ethnographic study : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University

The question for this study arose from the situation that malnutrition remains one of the major health problems among Thai children, particularly the under-fives. The purpose of it was to develop better understanding as to what sustains beliefs and practices associated with infant nutrition. An ethnographic approach was chosen as the research method. One rural village in northern Thailand was selected as the site of fieldwork for a period of 10 months. Data were collected through participant observation, interview, and ethnographic records. Key informants were 18 pregnant women and mothers of the under-twos. General informants were elderly kinswomen, fathers of the under-twos, volunteer health workers and community health workers. From the data it can be argued that what each woman does with regard to her own nutrition during pregnancy and following childbirth and the feeding pattern that she adopts for her infant are the outcomes of interplay between a complex network of cultural, social, personal and situational factors. These act and interact as pushes and pulls in a woman's decision making, frequently conflicting. Four main sources of pushes and pulls are: traditional beliefs; personal factors including attitudes, feelings, needs and experiences; sociocultural situations and changes; and government health services. If nursing interventions aimed at promoting a well nourished woman and a well nourished child are to be effective, nurses must be aware of these multiple influences. The conceptual account generated from the findings of this study has potential value for nursing practice, education and research. It identifies the aspects amenable to change by nurses and other health workers in their work to counter malnutrition situation, and so to improve the health of mothers and children.
The Wild Bootstrap , Tamed at Last by Russell Davidson

Various versions of the wild bootstrap are studied as applied to regression models with heteroskedastic errors. We develop formal Edgeworth expansions for the error in the rejection probability (ERP) of wild bootstrap tests based on asymptotic t statistics computed with a heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix estimator. Particular interest centers on the choice of the auxiliary distribution used by the wild bootstrap in order to generate bootstrap error terms. We find that the Rademacher distribution usually gives smaller ERPs, in small samples, than the version of the wild bootstrap that seems most popular in the literature, even though it does not benefit from the latter’s skewness correction. This conclusion, based on Edgeworth expansions, is confirmed by a series of simulation experiments, which we also use to study some other points, such as the use of constrained or unconstrained residuals in the HCCME, about which the expansions give no definite conclusions. We conclude that a particular version of the wild bootstrap is to be preferred in almost all practical situations, and we show analytically that it, and no other version, gives perfect inference in a special case. This research was supported, in part, by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We are very grateful to James MacKinnon for helpful comments on an earlier draft, to participants at the ESRC Econometrics Conference (Bristol), especially Whitney Newey, and to Joel Horowitz. Remaining errors are ours.
Effects of the interaction of ocean acidification, solar radiation, and warming on biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds cycling in the Changjiang River Estuary

Abstract. Ocean acidification (OA) affects marine primary productivity and community structure, and therefore may influence the biogeochemical cycles of volatile biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and photochemical oxidation product dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A 23-day incubation experiment on board was conducted to investigate the short-term response of biogenic sulfur compounds production and cycling to OA in the Changjiang River Estuary and further understand its effects on biogenic sulfur compounds. Result showed that phytoplankton abundance and species presented remarkable differences under three different pH levels in the late stage of the experiment. A significant reduction in chlorophyll a (Chl-a), DMS, particulate DMSP (DMSPp), and dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) concentrations was identified under high CO2 levels. Moreover, minimal change was observed in the production of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) among treatments. The ratios of DMS, total DMSP (DMSPt), and total DMSO (DMSOt) to Chl-a were also not affected by a change in pH. In addition, DMS and DMSOd were highly related to mean bacterial abundance under three pH levels. Additional incubation experiments on light and temperature showed that the influence of pH on productions of dimethylated sulfur compounds also depended on solar radiation and temperature conditions. DMS photodegradation rate increased with decreasing pH under full-spectrum natural light and UVB light. Thus, OA may lead to decreasing DMS concentrations in the surface seawater. Light and temperature conditions also play an important role in the production and cycling of biogenic sulfur compounds.
Linear and Nonlinear Signatures in the Planetary Wave Dynamics of an AGCM: Probability Density Functions

Abstract To identify and quantify indications of linear and nonlinear planetary wave behavior and their impact on the distribution of atmospheric states, characteristics of a very long integration of an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) in a four-dimensional phase space are examined. The phase space is defined by the leading four empirical orthogonal functions of 500-hPa geopotential heights. First it is established that nonlinear tendencies similar to those reported in an earlier study of the phase space behavior in this GCM have the potential to lead to non-Gaussian features in the probability density function (PDF) of planetary waves. Then using objective measures it is demonstrated that the model’s distribution of states has distinctive non-Gaussian features. These features are characterized in various subspaces of dimension as high as four. A key feature is the presence of three radial ridges of enhanced probability emanating from the mode, which is shifted away from the climatological mean.
A SDN Based Scalable Layer 2 Network for Next Generation Internet Testbed

The demands for the next generation internet testbeds are becoming more and more intense recently. However, there are three problems need to solve, i.e., the ever-increasing number of actual or virtual machines demands, effectively manage these different machines and maintain the effectiveness. A scalable layer 2 network that across the whole internet is a very important technology to solve them. This paper proposes a new software defined network (SDN) based scalable layer 2 network framework and its significant characteristic is to build a scalable layer 2 network that across the whole internet by using SDN's technologies. Our framework has high performances because: 1) The operation of encapsulating and unpacking packets is not necessary; 2) Routing paths can be pre-computed; 3) Traffic engineering to be implemented. And then the proposed framework has good scalability because its addressing resolution can be done either by a centralized query or by transmitting a broadcast packet in the internet. And the two ways can be swapped flexibly by the load balancing. Keywords—Testbeds, SDN, OpenFlow, Scalable Layer 2
Low latency Path Aware XY-X Routing Algorithm for NoC Architectures

Route specific information with the SoC needs a great deal of wiring, which increases the Resistance & Capacitance (RC) component of the system. Network on Chip (NoC) is utilized as the interface to address the problems in SoC, On-chip interconnection network in NoC has gained more consideration over steadfast wiring and buses, like lower latency, scalability and high performance. Present routing algorithms in NoC is suffered from load balancing at incarnation networks under non-uniform traffic conditions, causes increase the NoC trade-offs (latency and throughput). Adaptive routing is a technique to progress the load balance, but previous adaptive routing techniques used uniform traffic patterns to form the routing decisions. This paper proposes a new approach at non-uniform traffic patterns in channel state and path specific, Path Aware Routing (PAR XY-X) uses a timeout piggybacking for acknowledgement and load shedding to avoid congestion which choose optimistic path calculation unit to connect the destination node without glue logic decisions in routing. PAR XY-X outperforms the Normal XY routing by 20% and 33% with respect to Avg.latency and throughput
PEDAL FORCES DURING CYCLING IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE UNILATERAL ACL RUPTURE

The aim of this study was to measure the pedal forces during cycling on the injured and non-injured limb in patients with acute unilateral ACL rupture. 5 male patients cycled at intensities of 60, 100, 140, 180, 220 and 260 W. Three-dimensional pedal forces were collected and peak values for vertical and anterior-posterior pedal force were identified for each leg over 20 revolutions. The peak vertical pedal forces are decreased between 2% and 11% for the injured limb compared to the non-injured one. Peak anterior-posterior pedal forces reveal relative differences of -5% and 8% between the two legs. The measuring setup allows for individual diagnosis of the cycling pattern in patients with ruptured ACL and might give information for the rehabilitation process.
Association between attitudes towards body image, negative emotions about one's own body and self- -state representations in a clinical sample of eating disordered women

Summary Aim. The purpose of the study was to assess the body image disturbance in patients with eating disor- ders. Methods. The clinical samples include 25 women with anorexia nervosa, 25 with bulimia nervosa and 30 normal weight women. All participants were assessed with the Body Attitude Test, the Body Dissat- isfaction Scale and the Contour Drawing Rating Scale and their clinical and sociodemographic features were recorded. results . In patients with anorexia ideal self, that is one's representation of the attributes that someone would like the person to possess (the patient's perspective), is less pathological compared to the patients with bulimia. However, the ought self, that is, one's representation of the attributes that someone believes the person should possess (the perceived perspective of family and friends), is more pathological in group with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions . The correlations between the examined variables of body image, as well as the results of a structural analysis using PRInCALS, were interpreted at the light of the state-of-the-art in body image disturbance. Results are discussed on the background of social comparison literature. body image disturbance / self-discrepancy / anorexia nervosa / bulimia nervosa
Geoscientific Model Development Implementation and evaluation of a new methane model within a dynamic global vegetation model : LPJ-WHyMe v 1 . 3 . 1

For the first time, a model that simulates methane emissions from northern peatlands is incorporated directly into a dynamic global vegetation model. The model, LPJWHyMe (LPJWetlandHydrology andMethane), was previously modified in order to simulate peatland hydrology, permafrost dynamics and peatland vegetation. LPJ-WHyMe simulates methane emissions using a mechanistic approach, although the use of some empirical relationships and parameters is unavoidable. The model simulates methane production, three pathways of methane transport (diffusion, plantmediated transport and ebullition) and methane oxidation. A sensitivity test was conducted to identify the most important factors influencing methane emissions, followed by a parameter fitting exercise to find the best combination of parameter values for individual sites and over all sites. A comparison of model results to observations from seven sites resulted in normalised root mean square errors (NRMSE) of 0.40 to 1.15 when using the best site parameter combinations and 0.68 to 1.42 when using the best overall parameter combination.