Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method to determine argon metastable number density and plasma electron temperature from spectral emission originating from four 4p argon levels

A simple model and method is proposed here to determine argon metastable number densities and electron temperature with the assumption of a Maxwell-Boltzmann electron energy distribution. This method is based on the availability of experimental relative emission intensities of only four argon lines that originate from any of the 4p argon levels. The proposed model has a relatively wide range of validity for laboratory plasmas that contain argon gas and can be a valuable tool for the emerging field of atmospheric microplasmas, for which diagnostics is still limited. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.2390631 Plasmas are finding interest in a large number of applications and are becoming increasingly exploitable in already established plasma fields such as in material processing. This trend in plasma science is mainly due to a greater knowledge of the behavior of laboratory and technological plasmas. Diagnostic techniques play a major role in understanding plasmas and can help predicting the potential of plasmas when used for future applications. In particular, emission spectroscopy has revealed extremely useful insights when supported by very simple computational techniques. 1‐7 One of the advantages of emission spectroscopy is undoubtedly the noninvasive character; the practicality and the availability of low cost spectroscopy equipment have also been an incitement to the use of this diagnostic technique.
Experimental analysis of sand grain size mapping using UAV remote sensing

ABSTRACT To map sand grain size distribution using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) digital cameras, we conducted experiments for six sand classes with the UAV images acquired at six different heights. We used the maximum likelihood classification and the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix texture indices on the images and evaluated classification accuracy under each flight height/image resolution. The image at the spatial resolution of 1.23 mm can effectively separate all six classes. The image of lower resolutions were only effective for coarser classes with an overall accuracy of 83.92% or better: the 2.48 mm pixel size was good for the four classes coarser than medium sand; 3.78 mm was good for the three classes coarser than coarse sand; 4.89 and 5.42 mm were good for the two coarsest classes of sand and gravel. This research is the first comprehensive study to test different UAV survey quality control parameters for sand classification, which could serve as a guidance for UAV survey parameter selection such as flight height and quality of digital cameras.
TURBULENCE AND RADIO MINI-HALOS IN THE SLOSHING CORES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS

A number of relaxed, cool-core galaxy clusters exhibit diffuse, steep-spectrum radio sources in their central regions, known as radio mini-halos. It has been proposed that the relativistic electrons responsible for the emission have been reaccelerated by turbulence generated by the sloshing of the cool core gas. We present a high-resolution MHD simulation of gas sloshing in a galaxy cluster coupled with subgrid simulations of relativistic electron acceleration to test this hypothesis. Our simulation shows that the sloshing motions generate turbulence on the order of δv ∼ 50–200 km s−1 on spatial scales of ∼50–100 kpc and below in the cool core region within the envelope of the sloshing cold fronts, whereas outside the cold fronts, there is negligible turbulence. This turbulence is potentially strong enough to reaccelerate relativistic electron seeds (with initial γ ∼ 100–500) to γ ∼ 104 via damping of magnetosonic waves and non-resonant compression. The seed electrons could remain in the cluster from, e.g., past active galactic nucleus activity. In combination with the magnetic field amplification in the core, these electrons then produce diffuse radio synchrotron emission that is coincident with the region bounded by the sloshing cold fronts, as indeed observed in X-rays and the radio. The result holds for different initial spatial distributions of pre-existing relativistic electrons. The power and the steep spectral index (α ≈ 1–2) of the resulting radio emission are consistent with observations of mini-halos, though the theoretical uncertainties of the acceleration mechanisms are high. We also produce simulated maps of inverse-Compton hard X-ray emission from the same population of relativistic electrons.
INSIGHT INTO THE FORMATION OF THE MILKY WAY THROUGH COLD HALO SUBSTRUCTURE. II. THE ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES OF ECHOS

We determine the average metallicities of the elements of cold halo substructure (ECHOS) that we previously identified in the inner halo of the Milky Way within 17.5 kpc of the Sun. As a population, we find that stars kinematically associated with ECHOS are chemically distinct from the background kinematically smooth inner halo stellar population along the same Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) line of sight. ECHOS are systematically more iron-rich, but less α-enhanced than the kinematically smooth component of the inner halo. ECHOS are also chemically distinct from other Milky Way components: more iron-poor than typical thick-disk stars and both more iron-poor and α-enhanced than typical thin-disk stars. In addition, the radial velocity dispersion distribution of ECHOS extends beyond σ ∼ 20 km s−1. Globular clusters are unlikely ECHOS progenitors, as ECHOS have large velocity dispersions and are found in a region of the Galaxy in which iron-rich globular clusters are very rare. Likewise, the chemical composition of stars in ECHOS does not match predictions for stars formed in the Milky Way and subsequently scattered into the inner halo. Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are possible ECHOS progenitors, and if ECHOS are formed through the tidal disruption of one or more dSph galaxies, the typical ECHOS [Fe/H] ∼ − 1.0 and radial velocity dispersion σ ∼ 20 km s−1 implies a dSph with Mtot ≳ 109 M☉. Our observations confirm the predictions of theoretical models of Milky Way halo formation that suggest that prominent substructures are likely to be metal-rich, and our result implies that the most likely metallicity for a recently accreted star currently in the inner halo is [Fe/H] ∼ − 1.0.
Low-frequency surface plasmon excitations in multicoaxial negative-index metamaterial cables

By using an elegant response function theory, which does not require matching of the messy boundary conditions, we investigate the surface plasmon excitations in the multicoaxial cylindrical cables made up of negative-index metamaterials. The multicoaxial cables with dispersive metamaterial components exhibit a rather richer (and complex) plasmon spectrum with each interface supporting two modes: one TM and the other TE for m≠0 (the integer order of the Bessel function). The cables with nondispersive metamaterial components bear a different tale: they do not support simultaneously both TM and TE modes over the whole range of propagation vector. The computed local and total density of states enable us to substantiate spatial positions of the modes in the spectrum. Such quasi-one-dimensional systems as studied here should prove to be the milestones of the emerging optoelectronics and telecommunications systems.
Automatic refinement of Lingnistic rules for tagging

This paper describes an approach to POS tagging based on the automatic refinement of manually written linguistic tagging rules. The refinement was carried out by means of a learning algorithm based on decision trees. The tagging rules work on ambiguity classes: each input word undergoes a morphological analysis and a set of possible tags is returned. The set of tags determines the ambiguity class: the suitable subset of tagging rules is applied and a single tag is returned. This method can be applied both with the original set of manual rules and with the set of refined rules. The experiments have been performed on the Italian language. The results show that the refined set reduces the tagging error of about 17%. The noticeable feature of the approach is that the original set of rules is not modified, so that they retain their linguistic value, but new rules are added to handle problematic cases.
Spitzer-IRAC GLIMPSE of high mass protostellar objects - II. SED modelling of a bona fide sample

Context. In a previous work (Paper I, Kumar & Grave, 2007, A&A, 472, 155) a sample of 380 HMPO targets was studied using the GLIMPSE point source catalog and images. A colour–magnitude analysis of the point sources resulted in the identification of infrared counterparts (IRC) of the (sub)mm cores of HMPO candidates which were considered bona fide targets. Aims. We aim to estimate and analyse the physical properties of the infrared counterparts of HMPOs by comparing their spectral energy distributions (SED) with those predicted by radiative transfer accretion models of YSOs. Methods. The SED of 68 IRCs are extended beyond the GLIMPSE photometry to the possible limits, from the near-infrared to the millimetre wavelengths, by using the 2MASS, GLIMPSE version 2.0 catalogs, MSX, IRAS and some single dish (and interferometric) (sub)mm data. An online SED fitting tool that uses 2D radiative transfer accretion models of YSOs is employed to fit the observed SED to obtain various physical parameters. Results. The SED of IRCs were fitted by models of massive protostars with a range of masses between 5–42 $M_\odot$ and ages between 10 3 and 10 6 years. The median mass and age are 10 $M_\odot$ and 10 4 yrs. The observed data favours protostars of low effective temperatures (4000–1000 K) with correspondingly large effective photospheres (2–200 $R_\odot$) for the observed luminosities. The envelopes are large with a mean size of ~0.2–0.3 pc and show a distribution that is very similar to the distribution of the sizes of 8 μ m nebulae discussed in Paper I. The estimated envelope accretion rates are high with a mean value of 10 -3 $M_\odot$/yr and show a power law dependence on mass with an exponent of 2, suggesting spherical accretion at those scales. Disks are found to exist in most of the sources with a mean mass of $10^{-1.4\pm0.7}$ $M_\odot$. Conclusions. The observed infrared-millimetre SED of the infrared counterparts of HMPOs are successfully explained with an YSO accretion model. The modelled sources mostly represent proto-B stars although some of them could become O stars in the future. We demonstrate that many of these results may represent a realistic picture of massive star formation, despite some of the discrepant results which may be an effect of the assumptions within the models.
QUERY-SPECIFIC BASED WEB IMAGE RE-RANKING

— This project is based on image search with re-ranking in the web-based by the given query keyword. Normally people used the common search engines for retrieve the image such as google, bing. In that time search engines displayed the large no of images. Users select the particular image from the pool of images. One of the challenges is that the visual features have a lot of similarities and hence do not correlate well. Now a days, people searching the images by image’s attributes or reference classes. But different or highly diverse images searching from the web is tuff and poses a lot of inefficiency. Here project proposed a novel image re-ranking frame work, which the different semantic spaces for different keywords learns automatically. To obtain semantic signatures the featured visuals of images are estimated into their corresponding semantic spaces. In online stage, a comparision of semantic signatures is made and then the images are re-ranked . These semantic signatures are acquired from the semantic space stated by the query keyword. In the postulated query-specific semantic signatures notably enhance the image re-ranking in both accuracy and efficiency.
Chinese Character-Shaped Artistic Patch Antenna

This contribution presents a novel design of a circularly polarized (CP) array antenna composed of the Chinese character-shaped artistic patches: Zhong and Guo. Namely, the CP Zhong-shaped patch and the Guo-shaped patch join together via a feeding network to form a two-element antenna array. This is the Chinese country name of China printed in the boldfaced SimHei font. Attributed to its artistic nature, this is the first design that breaks the design principles of CP antenna array, wherein, first, nonidentical radiating elements are used, and second, nonrotated elements are excited with quadrature phases. The experimental results in combination with simulations validate that the Zhong–Guo artistic antenna exhibits a unidirectional gain of 8.2 dBic with an operating bandwidth of 0.72 GHz. The achieved bandwidth sufficiently covers the 14 channels of IEEE 802.11 at 2.4 GHz wireless local area network band.
Text feature automatic selection algorithm based on cloud model

Combining the overall with the local distribution of features in categories,a high performance algorithm for feature automation selection(Named FAS) was proposed.By using FAS,the feature set was obtained automatically and the distribution of features was amended by using cloud model theory.The results show the selected feature set has fewer features and better classification performance than the existing methods.
Analysis of traveling wave propagation in one-dimensional integrate-and-fire neural networks

One-dimensional neural networks comprised of large numbers of Integrate-and-Fire neurons have been widely used to model electrical activity propagation in neural slices. Despite these efforts, the vast majority of these computational models have no analytical solutions. Consequently, my Ph.D. research focuses on a specific class of homogeneous Integrate-andFire neural network, for which analytical solutions of network dynamics can be derived. One crucial analytical finding is that the traveling wave acceleration quadratically depends on the instantaneous speed of the activity propagation, which means that two speed solutions exist in the activities of wave propagation: one is fast-stable and the other is slow-unstable. Furthermore, via this property, we analytically compute temporal-spatial spiking dynamics to help gain insights into the stability mechanisms of traveling wave propagation. Indeed, the analytical solutions are in perfect agreement with the numerical solutions. This analytical method also can be applied to determine the effects induced by a non-conductive gap of brain tissue and extended to more general synaptic connectivity functions, by converting the evolution equations for network dynamics into a low-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. Building upon these results, we investigate how periodic inhomogeneities affect the dynamics of activity propagation. In particular, two types of periodic inhomogeneities are studied: alternating regions of additional fixed excitation and inhibition, and cosine form inhomogeneity. Of special interest are the conditions leading to propagation failure. With similar analytical procedures, explicit expressions for critical speeds of activity propagation are obtained under the influence of additional inhibition and excitation. However, an explicit formula for speed modulations is difficult to determine in the case of cosine form inhomogeneity. Instead of exact solutions from the system of equations, a series of speed approximations are constructed, rendering a higher accuracy with a higher order approximation of speed. INDEX WORDS: Traveling waves, Integrate-and-fire neuron model, Propagation failure, Differential equations, Speed approximations, Numerical simulations TITLE: ANALYSIS OF TRAVELING WAVE PROPAGATION IN INTEGRATE-AND-FIRE NEURAL NETWORKS
LONGITUDINAL-FLEXURAL SELF-SUSTAINED VIBRATIONS OF NANOTUBE CONVEYING FLUID

Beam model of geometrical nonlinear longitudinal-flexural self-sustained vibrations of nanotube conveying fluid is obtained with account of nonlocal elasticity. The Euler-Bernoulli hypotheses are the basis of this model. The geometrical nonlinear deformations are described by nonlinear relations between strains and displacements. It is assumed, that the amplitudes of the longitudinal and bending vibrations are commensurable. Using variational methods of mechanics, the system of two nonlinear partial differential equations is derived to describe the nanotube self-sustained vibrations. The Galerkin method is applied to obtain the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The harmonic balanced method is used to analyze the monoharmonic vibrations. Then the analysis of the self-sustained vibrations is reduced to the system of the nonlinear algebraic equations with respect to the vibrations amplitudes. The Newton method is used to solve this system of nonlinear algebraic equations. As a result of the simulations, it is determined that the stable self-sustained vibrations originate in the Hopf bifurcation due to stability loss of the trivial equilibrium. These stable vibrations are analyzed, when the fluid velocity is changed. The results of the self- sustained vibrations analysis are shown on the bifurcation diagram. The infinite sequence of the period-doubling bifurcations of the monoharmonic vibrations is observed. The chaotic motions take place after these bifurcations. As a result of the numerical simulations it is determined, that the amplitudes of the longitudinal and flexural vibrations are commensurable.
An active Bonner sphere spectrometer capable of intense neutron field measurement

A Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS) was developed compensating for the lack of active BSSs for intense neutron field characterization. The spectrometer combines the merits of present active and passive BSSs, namely, online data acquisition capability and intense neutron field resistance, respectively. The key elements of the development are the utilization of diamond detectors as thermal neutron sensors of BSSs and the incorporation of the air gap into the design of the diamond detector for optimizing the pulse height spectrum in order to enhance the rejection capability to γ ray backgrounds and to decrease the impacts of spectrometer instabilities. A two-step method capable of >100 times of calculation time saving compared to the whole geometry model was suggested to establish the response function for neutrons below 20 MeV whose reliability was verified by the two other models. The applicability of the BSS to intense neutron field characterization was demonstrated by the good performance in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) neutron field with an emission rate of ∼1013–1014 neutrons/s. The spectrometer is dedicated to the characterization of intense neutron fields around tokamaks. These devices may find an application in future tokamaks, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, the Demonstration Power Station, and the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, whose neutron emission rates will be >104 times higher than those of current tokamaks.A Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS) was developed compensating for the lack of active BSSs for intense neutron field characterization. The spectrometer combines the merits of present active and passive BSSs, namely, online data acquisition capability and intense neutron field resistance, respectively. The key elements of the development are the utilization of diamond detectors as thermal neutron sensors of BSSs and the incorporation of the air gap into the design of the diamond detector for optimizing the pulse height spectrum in order to enhance the rejection capability to γ ray backgrounds and to decrease the impacts of spectrometer instabilities. A two-step method capable of >100 times of calculation time saving compared to the whole geometry model was suggested to establish the response function for neutrons below 20 MeV whose reliability was verified by the two other models. The applicability of the BSS to intense neutron field characterization was demonstrated by the good performance in the Experimen.
Assessing the number of atoms in a Rydberg-blockaded mesoscopic ensemble

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark(Dated: January 20, 2014)The dipole blockade of multiple Rydberg excitations in mesoscopic atomic ensembles allows theimplementation of various quantum information tasks using collective states of cold, trapped atoms.Precise coherent manipulations of the collective ground and single Rydberg excitation states of anatomic ensemble requires the knowledge of the number of atoms with small uncertainty. We presentan eﬃcient method to acquire such information by interrogating the atomic ensemble with resonantpulses while monitoring the resulting Rydberg excitations. We show that after several such stepsaccompanied by feedback the number of atoms in an ensemble can be assessed with high accuracy.This will facilitate the realization of high ﬁdelity quantum gates, long term storage of quantuminformation and deterministic sources of single photons with Rydberg-blockaded atomic ensembles.
Dynamics of Entropy and Nonclassicality Features of the Interaction between a ⋄-type Four-Level Atom and a Single-Mode Field in the Presence of Intensity-Dependent Coupling and Kerr Nonlinearity

The interaction between a ◊-type four-level atom and a single-mode field in the presence of Kerr medium with intensity-dependent coupling involving multi-photon processes has been studied. Using the generalized (nonlinear) Jaynes—Cummings model, the exact analytical solution of the wave function for the considered system under particular condition, has been obtained when the atom is initially excited to the topmost level and the field is in a coherent state. Some physical properties of the atom-field entangled state such as linear entropy showing the entanglement degree, Mandel parameter, mean photon number and normal squeezing of the resultant state have been calculated. The effects of Kerr medium, detuning and the intensity-dependent coupling on the temporal behavior of the latter mentioned nonclassical properties have been investigated. It is shown that by appropriately choosing the evolved parameters in the interaction process, each of the above nonclassicality features, which are of special interest in quantum optics as well as quantum information processing, can be revealed.
A Survey Of Numerical Quadrature Methods For Highly Oscillatory Integrals

In this thesis, we examine the main types of numerical quadrature methods for a special subclass of one-dimensional highly oscillatory integrals. Along with a presentation of the methods themselves and the error bounds, the thesis contains implementations of the methods in Maple and Python. The implementations take advantage of the symbolic computational abilities of Maple and allow for a larger class of problems to be solved with greater ease to the user. We also present a new variation on Levin integration which uses differentiation matrices in various interpolation bases.
Performance comparison of automatic peak detection for signal analyser

The aim of this paper is to propose a new peak detection method for a portable device, which know as modified automatic threshold peak detection (M-ATPD). M-ATPD evolves out of ATPD with a focus on reducing computational time. The proposed method replaces the clustering threshold calculation in ATPD with a standard deviation threshold calculation. M-ATPD reduces computational time by 2 times faster compared to ATPD for control signal and 8.65 times faster compared to ATPD for raw biosignals. Modified ATPD also shows a slight improvement in terms of detection error, with a decrease of about 6.66% to 13.33% in peak detection of noise signals. Modified ATPD successfully fixes the error of peak detection on pulse control signals associated with ATPD. For raw biosignals, in total M-ATPD achieved 19.41% lower detection error compare to ATPD.