Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Der Aufstieg der SVP : Acht Kantone im Vergleich

Die SVP hat sich in den letzten 15 Jahren stark gewandelt. Fruher nur in landlichen und protestantischen Regionen angesiedelt, ist sie unter dem Einfluss von Christoph Blocher zur starksten Partei auf nationaler Ebene geworden. Dieses Buch bietet eine detaillierte Analyse der Grunde dieses Aufstiegs.Nach den eidgenossischen Wahlen 2003 kam es zum ersten Mal seit uber 40 Jahren zu einer Veranderung in der Zusammensetzung des Bundesrates, der Schweizer Regierung. Die «Zauberformel», welche seit den Wahlen von 1959 Gultigkeit gehabt hatte, wurde modifiziert. Mit Christoph Blocher, dem charismatischen Fuhrer der Zurcher SVP, wurde ein zweites Mitglied der SVP auf Kosten der CVP in den Bundesrat gewahlt. Gleichzeitig wahlte die Vereinigte Bundesversammlung mit Hans-Rudolf Merz auch einen neuen, konservativen Vertreter des Freisinns. Der Rechtsrutsch in der Regierung war das Resultat des sturmischen Aufstiegs, den die SVP seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre in Schweizer Wahlen auf allen Ebenen erlebt hatte. In diesem Band wird der Aufstieg der SVP unter die demoskopische Lupe genommen. Anhand der Selects-Umfragen zu den Schweizer Wahlen von 1995 und 2003 sowie von Analysen der Wahlkampfe und der kantonalen Kontexte wird den Grunden des Erfolgs der SVP nachgegangen. Dazu wurden acht Kantone ausgewahlt (Zurich, Bern, Aargau, Schaffhausen, Luzern, Tessin, Waadt und Genf), welche die unterschiedlichen Ausgangsbedingungen fur den Aufstieg der SVP reprasentieren.
Flight performance of Macdunnoughia crassisigna (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Macdunnoughia crassisigna Warren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly destructive herbivore that poses a serious risk to cotton, maize, soybean, and cruciferous vegetables in East Asia. Examining the effects of various biotic and abiotic factors on the flight performance of M. crassisigna is crucial for a better understanding of its trans-regional migration. In this study, the flight activity of M. crassisignai moths of different ages, under different temperatures and relative humidity (RH) levels, was evaluated by tethering individuals to computerized flight mills for a 24-h trial period. The results showed that M. crassisignai had the capacity for sustained flight and the flight ability was strongest in 3-day-old individuals, and then their flight performance decreased significantly in older moths. For both sexes, temperature had a significant effect on their flight performance, and the flight activity was relatively higher at 24–28°C than other temperatures. There was a significant effect of RH on all flight parameters of the tested moths, and the flight activity was relatively higher at RH of 60–75% than other RH levels. For 3-day-old moths under the optimum conditions (24°C and 75% RH) throughout the 24 h scotophase, their mean flight distance reached 66 km, and the mean flight duration reached 13.5 h, suggesting M. crassisigna possess strong potential to undertake long-distance migration. These findings will be helpful for developing sound forecasting systems of this pest species.
News , No-News and Jumps in the US Treasury Market . ∗

Sufficiently fast and large disruptions to the continuous price process can be detected in high frequency data as jumps. Cojumping occurs when jumps occur contemporaneously across assets. This paper assesses cojumping in the US term structure using the Cantor-Fitzgerald tick dataset of 2002-2006, and finds that the middle of the curve is more likely to cojump and the ends have greater potential for idiosyncratic jumping. What is more, cojumping is strongly associated with responses to scheduled news announcements. In instances where cojumping occurs other than in response to scheduled news the price response is smaller than with the news announcements. The results are considered over a range of sampling frequencies.
Synthesis of an Optimal Wavelet Based on Auditory Perception Criterion

A method is proposed for synthesizing an optimal wavelet based on auditory perception criterion for dyadic filter bank implementation. The design method of this perceptually optimized wavelet is based on the critical band (CB) structure and the temporal resolution of human auditory system (HAS). The construction of this compactly supported wavelet is done by designing the corresponding optimal FIR quadrature mirror filter (QMF). At first, the wavelet packet (WP) tree is obtained that matches optimally with the CB structure of HAS. The error in passband energy of the CB channel filters is minimized with respect to the ideal QMF. The optimization problem is formulated in the lattice QMF domain and solved using bounded value global optimization technique. The corresponding wavelet is obtained using the cascade algorithm with the support being decided by the temporal resolution of HAS. The synthesized wavelet is maximally frequency selective in the critical bands with temporal resolution closely matching with that of the human ear. The design procedure is illustrated with examples, and the performance of the synthesized wavelet is analyzed.
Infected with mold! Zygomycosis: A case report

Purpose: To discuss a case of zygomycosis in a 71‐year‐old woman with diabetes. An overview of the prevalence and pathogenesis of the disorder, clinical diagnosis, and treatment are presented. Data sources: Case report, diagnostic evidence, and scientific literature. Conclusions: Zygomycosis is a rare but serious and often fatal fungal infection more common in patients with a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Rapid treatment with amphotericin B and supportive care are essential in the care of individuals with zygomycosis. Implications for practice: Practitioners should know about zygomycosis because the diagnosis is frequently missed and early and aggressive treatment is imperative.
Model Predictive Switching Pattern Control for Current-Source Converters With Space-Vector-Based Selective Harmonic Elimination

This paper presents a model predictive switching pattern control (MPSPC) for a current-source converter (CSC), which achieves superb low-order harmonics elimination performance in steady state and improved transient responses. Based on a proposed space-vector-based selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method and prediction of load current at the next sampling instant, MPSPC prefers to following a precalculated SHE-pulse width modulation (PWM) pattern in steady state, and governing the CSC through a model predictive control (MPC) approach during transients. In comparison with existing schemes, the advantages of MPSPC are threefold: First, quantization error, introduced by a constant sampling frequency in MPC and degrading steady-state low-order harmonic elimination, is mitigated in the proposed scheme. Second, there is no weighting factor in the cost function, as used in existing schemes. Finally, MPSPC is totally realized based on one-step prediction, which simplifies the structure of the scheme. Both simulation and experimental results verify the steady state and dynamic performance of MPSPC with different SHE-PWM patterns.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology Identification of prolyl carboxypeptidase as an alternative enzyme for processing of renal angiotensin II using mass spectrometry

Nadja Grobe, Nathan M. Weir, Orly Leiva, Frank S. Ong, Kenneth E. Bernstein, Alvin H. Schmaier, Mariana Morris, and Khalid M. Elased Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Effect of exogenous stress on the tissue‐cultured mouse lens epithelial cells

The effects of heat, oxidative and osmotic stress on heat shock proteins (HSP‐70(I), HSC‐70, and HSP‐40 of tissue cultured mouse lens epithelial cells (αTN‐4) were investigated. The effect of stress on the heat shock transcription factor (HSF‐1), and a nuclear matrix protein (NM‐60) of αTN‐4 cells was also examined. Cells were exposed to heat (45°C), oxidative stress (50 mM H202) and osmotic (600 mM medium) shock for 30 min, and then allowed to recover for 18 h in physiological medium. Control cells were maintained at 37°C in an isosmolar medium. Cellular proteins were isolated and fractionated by SDS–PAGE. Western blot was used to determine the levels of HSP and nuclear proteins. Heat stressed cells were also examined, by immunofluorescence, for the specific localization of NM‐60 and HSF‐1. The results revealed that both NM‐60 and HSF‐I were present in specific locations in normal and heat‐stressed cell nuclei. Nuclei isolated immediately after stress showed localization of fluorescence near the nuclear membrane. When heat stressed cells were allowed to recuperate at 37°C, most of the fluorescence were relocated in discrete areas of the nucleus. These experiments showed that αTN‐4 cells responded to stress by overexpression of HSP‐70(I) and HSP‐40. This increase was not present immediately after the end of the stress period, but clearly evident at 18 h of recovery in physiological medium. Immunofluorescent data suggest that heat stress induced the localization of NM‐60 and HSF‐1 near the nuclear membrane. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific Inhibition of c-Raf Activity by Semapimod Induces Clinical Remission in Severe Crohn’s Disease1

There is a substantial need for novel treatment strategies in Crohn’s disease (CD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gut. In an earlier study, we reported clinical efficacy of a 2-wk treatment with semapimod (CNI-1493) in 12 patients with therapy resistant CD. The aim of this study was to identify the cellular target underlying semapimod action. In vitro experiments with murine macrophages showed impaired MAPK signaling and decreased cytokine production due to semapimod treatment. In vitro kinase assays revealed c-Raf as a direct molecular target of semapimod, and semapimod did not affect b-Raf enzymatic activity. Immunohistochemistry performed on paired colon biopsies obtained from CD patients (n = 6) demonstrated increased expression of phospho-MEK, the substrate of Raf. Strikingly, phospho-MEK levels were significantly decreased in patients with a good clinical response to semapimod, but no decrease in phospho-MEK expression was observed in a clinically nonresponsive patient. In conclusion, this study identifies c-Raf as a molecular target of semapimod action and suggests that decreased c-Raf activity correlates with clinical benefit in CD. Our observations indicate that c-Raf inhibitors are prime candidates for the treatment of CD.
Streptozotocin Stimulates the Ion Channel TRPA1 Directly

Background: Streptozotocin produces diabetes and diabetic neuropathy in experimental animals. Results: Streptozotocin stimulates TRPA1 through oxidation of cysteine residues, which leads to acute sensory changes in vivo. Conclusion: Cysteine oxidation is a novel mechanism of action for streptozotocin. Significance: The diabetogenic agent streptozotocin induces acute sensory changes prior to the onset of diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is the most commonly used animal model of diabetes. Here, we have demonstrated that intraplantar injections of low dose STZ evoked acute polymodal hypersensitivities in mice. These hypersensitivities were inhibited by a TRPA1 antagonist and were absent in TRPA1-null mice. In wild type mice, systemic STZ treatment (180 mg/kg) evoked a loss of cold and mechanical sensitivity within an hour of injection, which lasted for at least 10 days. In contrast, Trpa1−/− mice developed mechanical, cold, and heat hypersensitivity 24 h after STZ. The TRPA1-dependent sensory loss produced by STZ occurs before the onset of diabetes and may thus not be readily distinguished from the similar sensory abnormalities produced by the ensuing diabetic neuropathy. In vitro, STZ activated TRPA1 in isolated sensory neurons, TRPA1 cell lines, and membrane patches. Mass spectrometry studies revealed that STZ oxidizes TRPA1 cysteines to disulfides and sulfenic acids. Furthermore, incubation of tyrosine with STZ resulted in formation of dityrosine, suggesting formation of peroxynitrite. Functional analysis of TRPA1 mutants showed that cysteine residues that were oxidized by STZ were important for TRPA1 responsiveness to STZ. Our results have identified oxidation of TRPA1 cysteine residues, most likely by peroxynitrite, as a novel mechanism of action of STZ. Direct stimulation of TRPA1 complicates the interpretation of results from STZ models of diabetic sensory neuropathy and strongly argues that more refined models of diabetic neuropathy should replace the use of STZ.
Identification of Dendritic Processing in Spiking Neural Circuits

A large body of experimental evidence points to sophisticated signal processing taking place at the level of dendritic trees and dendritic branches of neurons. This evidence suggests that, in addition to inferring the connectivity between neurons, identifying analog dendritic processing in individual cells is fundamentally important to understanding the underlying principles of neural computation. In this thesis, we develop a novel theoretical framework for the identification of dendritic processing directly from spike times produced by spiking neurons. The problem setting of spiking neurons is necessary since such neurons make up the majority of electrically excitable cells in most nervous systems and it is often hard or even impossible to directly monitor the activity within dendrites. Thus, action potentials produced by neurons often constitute the only causal and observable correlate of dendritic processing. In order to remain true to the underlying biophysics of electrically excitable cells, we employ well-established mechanistic models of action potential generation to describe the nonlinear mapping of the aggregate current produced by the tree into an asynchronous sequence of spikes. Specific models of spike generation considered include conductance-based models such as Hodgkin-Huxley, Morris-Lecar, Fitzhugh-Nagumo, as well as simpler models of the integrate-and-fire and threshold-and-fire type. The aggregate time-varying current driving the spike generator is taken to be produced by a dendritic stimulus processor, which is a nonlinear dynamical system capable of describing arbitrary linear and nonlinear transformations performed on one or more input stimuli. In the case of multiple stimuli, it can also describe the cross-coupling, or interaction, between various stimulus features. The behavior of the dendritic stimulus processor is fully captured by one or more kernels, which provide a characterization of the signal processing that is consistent with the broader cable theory description of dendritic trees. We prove that the neural identification problem, stated in terms of identifying the kernels of the dendritic stimulus processor, is mathematically dual to the neural population encoding problem. Specifically, we show that the collection of spikes produced by a single neuron in multiple experimental trials can be treated as a single multidimensional spike train of a population of neurons encoding the parameters of the dendritic stimulus processor. Using the theory of sampling in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, we then derive precise results demonstrating that, during any experiment, the entire neural circuit is projected onto the space of input stimuli and parameters of this projection are faithfully encoded in the spike train. Spike times are shown to correspond to generalized samples, or measurements, of this projection in a system of coordinates that is not fixed but is both neuron- and stimulus-dependent. We examine the theoretical conditions under which it may be possible to reconstruct the dendritic…
Advances in Brief p 16 INK 4 a and p 53 Deficiency Cooperate in Tumorigenesis 1

The combined impact of mutations in p16 and p53 was examined in cellular growth, transformation, and tumor formation. In cultured cells, p16 loss enhanced growth at high density and conferred susceptibility to oncogene-induced transformation. In vivo, mice doubly deficient for p16 and p53 showed an increased rate of tumor formation with particular susceptibility to aggressive angiosarcomas. Furthermore, p16 silencing by promoter methylation was detected in tumors derived from p16 / and / mice, independent of p53 status. These data suggest at least one general feature of malignancy, resistance to density-mediated growth arrest depends on p16 rather than p53. This cooperation between p16 and p53 loss in tumorigenesis is consistent with the view that these genes function in distinct anticancer pathways.
Multi-material stereolithography: Spatially-controlled bioactive poly(ethylene glycol) scaffolds for tissue engineering

Reviewed, accepted August 27, 2007 Challenges remain in tissue engineering to control the spatial and temporal mechanical and biochemical architectures of scaffolds. Unique capabilities of stereolithography (SL) for fabricating multi-material spatially-controlled bioactive scaffolds were explored in this work. To accomplish multi-material builds with implantable materials, a new mini-vat setup was designed, constructed and placed on top of the existing build platform to allow for accurate and selfaligning X-Y registration during fabrication. Precise quantities of photocrosslinkable solution were added to and removed from the mini-vat using micro-pipettes. The mini-vat setup allowed the part to be easily removed and rinsed and different photocrosslinkable solutions could be easily removed and added to the vat to aid in multi-material fabrication. Two photocrosslinkable hydrogel biopolymers, poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEG-dma, molecular wt 1,000) and poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-da, molecular wt 3,400), were used as the primary scaffold materials, and controlled concentrations of fluorescently labeled dextran or bioactive PEG were prescribed and fabricated in different regions of the scaffold using SL. The equilibrium swelling behavior of the two biopolymers after SL fabrication was determined and used to design constructs with the specified dimensions at the swollen state. Two methods were used to measure the spatial gradients enabled by this process with multi-material spatial control successfully demonstrated down to 500-μm. First, the presence of the fluorescent component in specific regions of the scaffold was analyzed with fluorescent microscopy. Second, human dermal fibroblast cells were seeded on top of the fabricated scaffolds with selective bioactivity, and phase contrast microscopy images were used to show specific localization of cells in the regions patterned with bioactive PEG. The use of multi-material SL and the relative ease of conjugating different bioactive ligands or growth factors to PEG allows for the fabrication of tailored three-dimensional constructs with specified spatially-controlled bioactivity.
DISCUSSION HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies have come again to the forefront of research since the recent demonstrations of their protective capacities

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) “binding antibodies” (antibodies capable of binding to synthetic peptides or proteins) occur throughout HIV-1 infection, are high-titered and highly cross-reactive, as confirmed in this study by analyzing plasma from B and F genotype HIV-1 infected individuals. Plasma from individuals infected with clade F HIV-1 displayed the most frequent cross-reactivity, in high titers, while Bbr plasma showed much higher specificity. Similarly, neutralization of a reference HIV-1 isolate (HIV-1 MN) was more frequently observed by plasma from F than B genotype infected individuals. No significant difference was seen in neutralization susceptibility of primary B, Bbr or F clade HIV-1 by plasma from individuals infected with the classical B (GPGR) or F HIV-1, but Bbr (GWGR) plasma were less likely to neutralize the F genotype primary HIV-1 isolates. The data indicate that both B and F genotype derived vaccines would be equally effective against B and F HIV-1 infection, with a slightly more probable effectiveness for F than B genotype. Although the Bbr variant appears to induce a much more specific humoral immune response, the susceptibility in neutralizing the Brazilian HIV-1 B genotype Bbr variant is similar to that observed with the classical B genotype HIV-1.
YMF: a program for discovery of novel transcription factor binding sites by statistical overrepresentation

A fundamental challenge facing biologists is to identify DNA binding sites for unknown regulatory factors, given a collection of genes believed to be coregulated. The program YMF identifies good candidates for such binding sites by searching for statistically overrepresented motifs. More specifically, YMF enumerates all motifs in the search space and is guaranteed to produce those motifs with greatest z-scores. This note describes the YMF web software, available at http://bio.cs. washington.edu/software.html.
Aerodynamic design and optimization of high altitude environment simulation system based on CFD

High altitude environment simulation system (HAES) is built to provide a true flight environment for subsonic vehicles, with low density, high speed, and short time characteristics. Normally, wind tunnel experiments are based on similar principal, such as parameters of Re or Ma, in order to shorten test product size. However, the test products in HAES are trim size, so more attention is put on the true flight environment simulation. It includes real flight environment pressure, destiny and real flight velocity, and its type velocity is Ma=0.8. In this paper, the aerodynamic design of HAES is introduced and its rationality is explained according to CFD calculation based on Fluent. Besides, the initial pressure of vacuum tank in HAES is optimized, which is not only to meet the economic requirements, but also to decrease the effect of additional stress on the test product in the process of the establishment of the target flow field.
Content of Linguistic Annotation : Standards and Practices ( CLASP ) Research Activities and Findings January

25 members of the computational linguistics research commu nity participated in a meeting at New York University on November 7, 2009 to address several diffic ult questions about the standardization of linguistic content in corpus annotation, where we de fine the termstandardizationto include all efforts to improve compatibility or interoperability b etween annotation content, including not only the creation of universal guidelines for particular ty pes of annotation, but also any other type of harmonizationefforts (e.g., mapping procedures that make two annotation schemes similar, projects involving correcting one type of annotation outpu t based on another, etc.). It should be clear thatstandardizationis a process rather than an end, in itself. Thus, this discuss ion aimed to establish recommended practices to further the cause of sta ndardization, rather than a particular set of standards that should be adopted. This workshop focused on the content of the annotation, rath e than its physical format (xml, encoding issues, etc.) The scope of this workshop was comple mentary to efforts such as ISO’s Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF) [5], which focus on s uch issues. This report summarizes the questions posed, the theoretica l and practical considerations to be taken into account, the discussion that took place at the mee ting, as well as some online discussions documented at: cims.nyu. edu/ ̃meyers/SIGANN-wiki/wiki/index.php/CLASP_Questions This is a portion of the CLASP website used for pre-workshop di scussions of several questions relevant to the standardization process. Finally, this report summarizes both areas where the meeting participants reached consensus and areas where they did not .