Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phage Lambda and Molecular Cloning

For more than 20 years, transducing derivatives of lambdoid phages have facilitated functional and structural analyses of bacterial genes. Restriction enzymes that make staggered cuts within specific DNA sequences (targets) produce discrete fragments with short cohesive ends (Hedgpeth et al. 1972; Mertz and Davis 1972; Bigger et al. 1973), and this discovery immediately indicated that fragments of DNA could be spliced into the severed arms of a λ vector molecule. The cohered fragments would then be joined covalently by DNA ligase (Gellert 1967), and the recombinant genomes, transducing phages, recovered by transfection of Escherichia coli (Mandel and Higa 1970). This goal was quickly realized (Murray and Murray 1974; Thomas et al. 1974), and detailed analyses of the type previously possible for only a few E. coli genes became generally applicable. The ability to insert DNA fragments from any source into plasmid and phage vectors, supplemented with the new techniques for rapid DNA sequence determination (Maxam and Gilbert 1977; Sanger et al. 1977), has already generated many exciting advances in diverse areas of molecular biology. The development of the phage λ chromosome as a receptor for fragments of DNA was assured by the availability of well-characterized deletion mutants, by the means of selecting for the loss of restriction targets and by prior identification of the essential components of the phage transcriptional circuits and replication system. The precise knowledge attained by 1972 showed the genetic engineer which regions of the λ genome could be sacrificed and, also, which special features could be.
Teacher Participation in Curriculum Development Process: Views of Teachers from Selected Primary Schools in Mwanza City

Teachers’ participation in curriculum development process is a contentious issue worldwide despite including Africa and Tanzania despite a recognition of their importance. The lack of expertise and clear framework for participation seem to dominant huddles. This study adopted a cross-sectional design using questionnaire and interview to collect data. A total number of 318 teachers from 20 regions of Tanzania were sampled using convenient sampling techniques. Analysis of the findings using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis revealed that, curriculum content did not reflect learning objectives due to poor participation of teachers on curriculum design and evaluation. Educational guides on the other hand do not include a policy that obliges involvement of teachers in curriculum review or change process. Moreover, level of participation of teachers on curriculum development was revealed very low as they were only involved in implementation process and in curriculum capacity building programs. However, the capacity building programs were perceived not effective due to time, resource, and budget constraints thus they do not accommodate efficient number of participants. The study conclude that, it is evidently teachers are not involved in curriculum review and change process rather implementation stage. In addition, curriculum capacity building programs are not effective since they do not involve adequate number of participants with regard to available population of teachers. Consequently, the study recommends government and curriculum developers to review educational guides policies on involvement of stakeholders particularly teachers in the curriculum development process. Further, changes of the current hierarchical structure of curriculum should be taken into account in accordance to the proposed structure.
Contribution à l'analyse et à la compréhension des signaux des réseaux électriques par des techniques issues du traitement du signal et de l'apprentissage machine

Ce travail de these propose des approches d’identification et de reconnaissance des harmoniques de courant qui sont basees sur des strategies d’apprentissage automatique. Les approches proposees s’appliquent directement dans les dispositifs d’amelioration de la qualite de l’energie electrique.Des structures neuronales completes, dotees de capacites d’apprentissage automatique, ont ete developpees pour identifier les composantes harmoniques d’un signal sinusoidal au sens large et plus specifiquement d’un courant alternatif perturbe par des charges non lineaires. L’identification des harmoniques a ete realisee avec des reseaux de neurones de type Multi–Layer Perceptron (MLP). Plusieurs schemas d’identification ont ete developpes, ils sont bases sur un reseau MLP compose de neurones lineaire ou sur plusieurs reseaux MLP avec des apprentissages specifiques. Les harmoniques d’un signal perturbe sont identifiees avec leur amplitude et leur phase, elles peuvent servir a generer des courants de compensation pour ameliorer la forme du courant electrique. D’autres approches neuronales a ete developpees pour reconnaitre les charges. Elles consistent en des reseaux MLP ou SVM (Support Vector Machine) et fonctionnent en tant que classificateurs. Leur apprentissage permet a partir des harmoniques de courant de reconnaitre le type de charge non lineaire qui genere des perturbations dans le reseau electrique. Toutes les approches d’identification et de reconnaissance des harmoniques ont ete validees par des tests de simulation a l’aide des donnees experimentales. Des comparaisons avec d’autres methodes ont demontre des performances superieures et une meilleure robustesse.
Leichtbau von Stirnzahnrädern aus Einsatzstahl mittels Laserstrahlschmelzen

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird der Leichtbau von Stirnzahnradern mittels Laserstrahlschmelzen systematisch untersucht. Als Referenzverzahnung dient eine FZG-Typ-PT-C-Prufverzahnung aus dem Werkstoff 16MnCr5. Die untersuchte Prozesskette umfasst das Laserstrahlschmelzen, das Spannungsarmgluhen, das Einsatzharten sowie das Hartfeinbearbeiten. Parallel werden Werkstoffanalysen, Zugversuche und Versuche zur Zahnfustragfahigkeit durchgefuhrt. Anschliesend wird eine integrative Auslegungsmethodik fur den Leichtbau von Stirnzahnradern entwickelt. Abschliesend wird das wirtschaftliche Potenzial des Laserstrahlschmelzens fur Leichtbaustirnrader diskutiert.
Can we motivate dairy cows to increase their grass intake by feeding low protein supplements

Literature shows that ruminants are able to balance their protein intake to meet their requirements. It would be interesting to know if this also applies to grazing dairy cattle. Our question was: Can we motivate grazing dairy cows to increase their intake of protein-rich grass by supplementing them with low protein concentrates? Sixty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated to two grazing systems (compartmented continuous grazing vs strip grazing), and two levels of protein supplementation Low (LP) vs High (HP). Treatment LP and HP received 5.5 kg DM concentrate cow-1 d-1, which were different in rumendegradable protein balance (OEB) (-57 vs +56 OEB kg DM-1), but were equal in intestinal digestible protein (DVE) and net energy content. The cows grazed during the day and received 7 kg DM cow-1 d-1 maize silage indoors. During three periods, individual milk performance, total and grass DMI were measured. Grass DMI was not different between the treatments, total DMI was significantly lower in LP. This was due to a lower voluntary intake of maize silage. The reduced total DMI and nutrient intake explains the reduced milk and protein yield in LP. Feeding low protein concentrate is not a successful strategy to increase grass DMI.
Principles and interest of GOF tests for multistate capture-recapture models

Optimal goodness–of–fit procedures for multistate models are new. Drawing a parallel with the corresponding single–state procedures, we present their singularities and show how the overall test can be decomposed into interpretable components. All theoretical developments are illustrated with an application to the now classical study of movements of Canada geese between wintering sites. Through this application, we exemplify how the interpretable components give insight into the data, leading eventually to the choice of an appropriate general model but also sometimes to the invalidation of the multistate models as a whole. The method for computing a corrective overdispersion factor is then mentioned. We also take the opportunity to try to demystify some statistical notions like that of Minimal Sufficient Statistics by introducing them intuitively. We conclude that these tests should be considered an important part of the analysis itself, contributing in ways that the parametric modelling cannot always do to the understanding of the data.
Floristic and structural variations of the arboreal community in relation to soil properties in the pandeiros river riparian forest, Minas Gerais, Brazil

including the strip of land extending along the Sao Francisco river and the intermediate region of the Jequitinhonha rivers in the Minas Gerais state. This area is covered by a vegetation that is subjected to hydric deficit due to the uneven distribution of rainfall, which in turn is associated with high temperatures and high evapotranspiration SUMMARY In the area comprised by the Brazilian semiarid is included the north of the Minas Gerais state, in the transition area between the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes. In this region distinct phyto-physiognomies are observed, basically making it a mosaic, with the occurrence of a wide variety of vegetal formations, such as the Restricted Sense Savanah, Seasonal Decidual Forests and riparian vegetation. This paper aims to present the structure of the shrubby-arboreal component of a section of the riparian vegetation of the Pandeiros river, Januaria, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to verify possible existent correlations between edaphic variables and the density distribution of species. Data was collected in 70 plots of 100m², in which five soil classes were found at the four sectors where 759 individuals, 31 families and 107 species were sampled. The most diverse families were Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae and Combretaceae. The most abundant species were Hirtella gracilipes, Xylopia aromatica, Averrhoidium gardnerianum, Tapirira guianensis, Hymenaea eryogyne and Byrsonima pachyphylla. Hymenaea eryogyne, T. guianensis and Copaifera langsdorffii showed the highest importance values. The results suggest that, in addition to Ca, K, organic matter and flooding regime, which correlated with some species, the combination of the plots into three groups is also related to the sectors’ soil types. Thus, both the heterogeneity (provided by adjacent vegetation) and variety of soils and the flooding regime determine the formation of a unique riparian forest, with interactions between species that are characteristic of riparian forests, dry forests and savannah.
Rapid micropropagation through shoot regeneration of Valeriana officinalis L.

A method was developed for rapid micropropagation of Valeriana officinalis through shoot regeneration from calli derived from leaf and petiole explants. The petiole and leaf segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of different auxins [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA), picloram (Pic)], and Kinetin (Kin) for callus induction. Callus production was the highest at 1.0 ㎎ㆍL? ¹ 2,4-D being 100 and 98% from leaf and petiole explants, respectively. The produced calli were transferred to a medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 ㎎ㆍL? ¹) or Kin (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4, ㎎ㆍL? ¹) for shoot regeneration. The addition of 0.2 ㎎ㆍL? ¹ BA or Kin increased the frequency of shoot regeneration in both petiole and leaf callus segments. The highest number of adventitious shoots (13 per callus segments) formed in leaf derived callus. The optimal rooting was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1 ㎎ㆍL? ¹ NAA, on which 100% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average of 10.7 roots per shoot within 3 weeks. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to greenhouse with 80% success. This in vitro propagation protocol could be useful for conservation as well as mass propagation of this medicinal plant.
GENEALOGICAL ANALYSIS IN SMALL POPULATIONS: THE CASE OF FOUR SLOVAK BEEF CATTLE BREEDS

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the genetic diversity in four beef cattle populations in Slovakia by the methods of pedigree analysis. The pedigree populations consisted of (reference populations in brackets) 481 (116) Blonde dAquitaine (BA) animals, 3,955 (1,772) Charolais (CH), 2,063 (786) Limousine (LI) and 916 (429) Simmental (SM). The highest inbreeding coefficient was in SM (3.87 %) and the lowest one in BA (0.33 %). Effective population size was computed via increase in inbreeding: 467.60 BA, 152.92 CH, 428.73 LI and 47.62 SM. The effective number of founders was 83, 233, 229 and 30 in BA, CH, LI and SM, respectively and the effective number of ancestors was 20, 72, 55, 13 in BA, CH, LI, SM, respectively. Contributions of animals to reference population were calculated. Unbalanced distribution of the most important ancestors within assessed populations was observed. The most significant genetic diversity loss was estimated in Simmental population.
A partial revision of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) in Korea and north‐eastern China

A taxonomic revision of Allium in Korea and north-eastern China is presented based on critical observations of wild populations and extensive herbarium material. Species delimitations are re-evaluated on the basis of macro- and micromorphological and cytological characters, resulting in the recognition of 24 species comprised of 26 taxa, among which, four species and two varieties are endemic to Korea, and one species is endemic to China. One previously recognized species is placed into synonymy: A. deltoidefistulosum (under A. sacculiferum). Allium spirale and A. tenuissimum are newly recorded for Korea, and the common names ‘Cham-du-me-bu-chu’ and ‘Ae-gi-sil-bu-chu’ are given for these species, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for A. deltoidefistulosum, A. monanthum and A. ophiopogon. Illustrations, photographs and a key to species and varieties are provided in addition to complete descriptions including information on nomenclatural types, synonymies, chromosome numbers, distributions, habitat and specimens examined. This study will provide sound foundation for a future global monograph and the systematic understanding of Allium. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167, 153–211.
From root tips to phylogenetic branches : a functional and evolutionary study of peroxidases

Les peroxydases de classe III sont des proteines presentes dans toutes les plantes terrestres. Lors de ce travail de these, une attention particuliere a ete portee sur deux peroxydases chez "Arabidopsis thaliana" : AtPrx33 et AtPrx34. Cette etude a permis de definir plusieurs fonctions pour les deux peroxydases : elongation des cellules de racines, differentiation des tissus et regulation des niveaux d'auxine "in planta". Dans une deuxieme partie, des etudes phylogenetiques ont ete conduites sur les peroxydases de classe III, mais aussi sur la superfamille entiere des peroxydases dites "de plantes, bacteries et champignons". Suite a ces analyses, plusieurs modeles sont proposes afin d'expliquer, en particulier, l'apparition de la classe III chez les plantes terrestres, ainsi que de l'ancetre de la superfamille chez les bacteries et une forme ancestrale de cellule eucaryote.
Determinants of growth differences between Eastern and Southern EU countries: A panel-data approach

Following the EU enlargements in the decade of 2000s, the economic significance of many eastern European Countries (EECs) was raised compared to southern EU countries, which still enjoy higher levels of development and standards of living. The phenomenon was aggravated from the worsened economic performance of the latter since the beginning of the crisis, resulting in a halt of their convergence process. This paper examines the basic factors underlying differences in growth paths between the eastern and the southern periphery of Europe through a country-level panel data econometric analysis. We identify the core variables determining economic growth for European countries and we conclude that differences in the economic performance between eastern and southern EU countries result from the different levels of their corresponding growth-driving variables.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN FOOD INDUSTRY

Given the conditions of a competitive, EU-integrated market economy, consumers’ behaviour with regard to the quality of agro-alimentary products and services has changed. To this respect, food industry managers have to ensure the quality and competitiveness of food products and services, as they lead to a higher loyalty of customers and the attraction of new customers, to the increase of the rhythm of sales, to price growth, and, subsequently, to profit increase.
Filogeografia das Lampreias da Europa Ocidental: contributos para a compreensão dos seus padrões de especiação

vii CAPÍTULO 1 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL. 1 CAPÍTULO 2 MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FAILS TO REVEAL GENETIC STRUCTURE IN SEA LAMPREYS ALONG EUROPEAN SHORES . 27 CAPÍTULO 3 ICELANDIC LAMPREYS (PETROMYZON MARINUS): WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? 39 CAPÍTULO 4 PHYLOGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS REVEALS MULTIPLE CONSERVATION UNITS IN BROOK LAMPREYS LAMPETRA PLANERI OF PORTUGUESE STREAMS.47 CAPÍTULO 5 GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF BROOK LAMPREY OF THE GENUS LAMPETRA IN A PYRENEAN STREAM IN SPAIN . 65 CAPÍTULO 6 NEW DISTRIBUTION DATA ON SPANISH AUTOCHTHONOUS SPECIES OF FRESHWATER FISH . 79 CAPÍTULO 7 ORIGINATION OF DIFFERENT STOCKS OF BROOK LAMPREYS IN SPAIN FROM LAMPETRA FLUVIATILIS AT TWO DISTINCT TIMES AND PLACES.101
WFC3/UVIS External CTE Monitor: Single-Chip CTE Measurements

We present the first results of single-chip measurements of charge transfer e ciency (CTE) in the UVIS channel of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3). This test was performed in Cycle 20 in two visits. In the first visit a field in the star cluster NGC 6583 was observed. In a second visit, the telescope returned to the field, but rotated by 180 degrees and with a shift in pointing that allowed the same stars to be imaged, near and far from the amplifiers, on the same chip of the two-chip UVIS field-of-view. This dataset enables a measurement of CTE loss on each separate chip. The current CTE monitor measures CTE loss as an average of the two chips because it dithers by a chip-height to obtain observations of the same sources near and far from the amplifiers, instead of the more di cult-to-schedule 180-degree rotation. We find that CTE loss is worse on Chip 1 than on Chip 2 across all cases for which we had data: short and long exposures and with and without the pixel-based CTE correction. In the best case, for long exposures with the CTE correction applied, the max di↵erence between the two chip’s flux losses is 3%/2048 pixels. This case should apply for most science observations where the background is ⇠12 e-/pixel. In the worst case of low-background short exposures, e.g. those without post-flash, the max di↵erence between the two chips is 17% flux loss/2048 pixels. Uncertainties are <0.01% flux loss/2048 pixels. Because of the two chips’ di↵erent CTE loss rates, we will consider adding this test as part of the routine yearly monitor and creating a chip-specific CTE correction software. Copyright c 2016 The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Effects of several contact insecticides on adults of three Sitophilus species.

Toxicity of the contact insecticides dichlorvos, malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphosmethyl, deltamethrin and bifenthrin was tested on adults of granary weevil ( Sitophilus granarius L.), rice weevil (S. oryzae L.) and maize weevil (S. zeamais Motsch.) normally susceptible to insecticides. The adults were exposed to filter paper impregnated with each insecticide for 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours and tested with a modified FAO method. Based on the mortality data acquired, toxicity parameters (LD 50, LD95 and slopes of ld-p lines) could be calculated for the 3 h exposure period only for dichlorvos in the granary weevil test. The calculation was possible for all weevil species after 6 h of exposure to dichlorvos and bifenthrin, and only after 24 h exposure to malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Comparing the toxicity parameters, all insecticides were found to be most toxic to granary weevil adults. Chlorpyrifos-methyl and deltamethrin were the most and malathion the least toxic to S. granarius adults. The most toxic to S. oryzae adults were bifenthrin and dichlorvos, and the least toxic pirimiphos-methyl, while dichlorvos was the most and malathion least toxic to S. zeamais adults. Dichlorvos showed similar toxicity to all weevil species tested after 24 h and 48 h. After a 48 h exposure period, malathion and pirimiphosmethyl were around 2 x less toxic to rice and maize weevils than to granary weevils at the LD 50
Comparison of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) from Around the World

Purple nutsedge collections from 13 states within the continental United States and from 21 other locations around the world were studied to compare their reproduction and morphological characteristics. Differences occurred in the number of shoots produced from single tubers, the number of leaves per shoot, and the length and width of leaves. Differences were also found with respect to flowering, length of culms supporting the inflorescences, and number, length, and width of involucral bracts at the apex of the culms. Variations occurred in the flower parts, including the number and length of rachises and the length of rachillae and spikelets. There were differences in the growth patterns of the leaves, with some collections having leaves mostly erect and others having leaves lie more closely to the ground. The color of the leaves varied between light and dark green, and the color of the inflorescence varied between light and dark purplish-brown. Greater variation was found among plants from different locations around the world than from within the continental United States.
HETEROGENEITY OF SOIL MORPHOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY ON THE 50 HA LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH PLOT AT PASOH, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. E-mail: adzmiy @salam. uitm. edu. my 2Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 31 Jalan Bidara 2/1, Taman Bidara, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Harvard Forest, Petersham & Arnold Arboretum-CTFS Asia Project, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA