Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cultural View of the Luo People of Western (Kenya) on Widow Care and the Biblical Approach

Widow Care plays a central role in the luo culture, this is because marriage was treated with a lot of respect and therefore whenever one's spouse died then the cultural norms and procedures of widow care was launched. If the woman whose husband has died was married legally according to the Luo Cultural norms whereby the bride- price was paid to her parents then, she is accepted within the family of the deceased husband and if she was not, then she might be forced to return to her parent's home. Some of these cultural norms have been misused in the past years whereby the context of widow care has been misunderstood. In several occasions widows have been exploited and their lives threatened by deadly diseases such as HIV infections in the name of Widow Care. Wife Inheritance which was a custom practiced by the luo people of western Kenya in the name of widow care dictates that "if a man dies, one of his brothers or close relatives inherits his widow and must meet all of her marital requirements. It is for these reasons why the study was conducted to help bring proper understanding of Widow Care among the luo people. Widows are also confronted with various challenges which include: Burden of raising their children, economic exploitation, and denial of rights to remarry men of their choice, fear of excommunication and lack of mutual respect. The study conducted among the evangelical five churches and its environs in central lake region-Kisumu County which revealed that many Luo Widows are still in a state of dilemma as to whether to continue with the traditional practice of widow Care or to abandon it completely. The bible clearly outlines how widow Care should be practiced.
Does Ordinary Portland Cement contain amorphous phase? A quantitative study using an external standard method

A suitable external standard method which was first described by O’Connor and Raven (1988) (“Application of the Rietveld refinement procedure in assaying powdered mixtures,” Powder Diffr. 3, 2–6) was used to determine the quantitative phase composition of a commonly used Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The method was also applied in order to determine amorphous contents in OPC. Also investigated were the impact of atomic displacement parameters and the microstrain on the calculated amorphous content. The investigations yielded evidence that said parameters do indeed exert an influence on the calculated amorphous content. On the basis of the data produced we can conclude that the method used is entirely to be recommended for the examination of OPC. No significant amorphous content could be proven in the OPC used.
Clinical Reasoning in the Use of Slings for Stroke Patients with Shoulder Subluxation: A Practice Phenomenon in California

Purpose: The literature reported the frequent use of shoulder slings by occupational therapy practitioners for the management of post-stroke shoulder subluxation despite the low evidence for its efficacy. We investigated the prevalence and clinical reasoning in the use of shoulder sling in order to understand the clinical context that defies the current research evidence. Methodology: The study is a quantitative descriptive design using self-report survey questionnaire. Online and on-site surveys were distributed among the members of Occupational Therapy Association of California (OTAC) between January and April, 2012, and attendees to OTAC Spring Symposium on March 31 and April 1, 2012. Findings: 168 occupational therapy practitioners responded to the survey. 81.5% of the California occupational therapy practitioners reported the use of shoulder sling. However, the actual sling prescription was limited to only 28.4% of their patients. The common clinical reasoning in the use of sling was for specific clinical management, such as functional mobility and pain reduction. The orthopedic sling was the most frequently used sling, followed by the GivMohr sling. The pragmatic reasoning pattern was prominent in choosing orthopedic sling, such as high availability in facility’s stock and low cost. The procedural reasoning pattern was prominent in choosing GivMohr sling, such as better support and alignment for the glenohumeral joint. The results implicated that the clinical management of shoulder subluxation in post-stroke rehabilitation might be compromised by convenience and cost factors. On the other hand, occupational therapy practitioners with advanced trainings were less likely to use the orthopedic sling and more likely to choose sling based on the procedural reasoning.
A Middle Palaeolithic burial of a modern human at Taramsa Hill, Egypt

Discussion about a possible African origin of modern humans is hampered by the lack of Late Pleistocene skeletal material from the Nile valley, the likely passage-way from East Africa to Asia and Europe. Here we report the discovery of a burial of an anatomically modern child from southern Egypt. Its clear relation with Middle Palaeolithic chert extraction activities and a series of OSL dates, from correlative aeolian sands, suggests an age between 49,800 and 80,400 years ago, with a mean age of 55,000.
A Construction Management Tool: Determining a Project Schedule Typical Behaviors Using Cluster Analysis

Delays in the construction industry are a global phenomenon. Many construction projects experience extensive delays exceeding the initially estimated completion time. The main purpose of this study is to identify construction projects typical behaviors in order to develop a prognosis and management tool. Being able to know a construction projects schedule tendency will enable evidence-based decision-making to allow resolutions to be made before delays occur. This study presents an innovative approach that uses Cluster Analysis Method to support predictions during Earned Value Analyses. A clustering analysis was used to predict future scheduling, Earned Value Management (EVM), and Earned Schedule (ES) principal Indexes behaviors in construction projects. The analysis was made using a database with 90 different construction projects. It was validated with additional data extracted from literature and with another 15 contrasting projects. For all projects, planned and executed schedules were collected and the EVM and ES principal indexes were calculated. A complete linkage classification method was used. In this way, the cluster analysis made considers that the distance (or similarity) between two clusters must be measured by its most disparate elements, i.e. that the distance is given by the maximum span among its components. Finally, through the use of EVM and ES Indexes and Tukey and Fisher Pairwise Comparisons, the statistical dissimilarity was verified and four clusters were obtained. It can be said that construction projects show an average delay of 35% of its planned completion time. Furthermore, four typical behaviors were found and for each of the obtained clusters, the interim milestones and the necessary rhythms of construction were identified. In general, detected typical behaviors are: (1) Projects that perform a 5% of work advance in the first two tenths and maintain a constant rhythm until completion (greater than 10% for each remaining tenth), being able to finish on the initially estimated time. (2) Projects that start with an adequate construction rate but suffer minor delays culminating with a total delay of almost 27% of the planned time. (3) Projects which start with a performance below the planned rate and end up with an average delay of 64%, and (4) projects that begin with a poor performance, suffer great delays and end up with an average delay of a 120% of the planned completion time. The obtained clusters compose a tool to identify the behavior of new construction projects by comparing their current work performance to the validated database, thus allowing the correction of initial estimations towards more accurate completion schedules. Keywords—Cluster analysis, construction management, earned value, schedule. Natalia Rudeli is with the Agencia Nacional de Vivienda, Uruguay (e-mail: nataliarudeli@gmail.com).
Simple and Approximately Optimal Pricing for Proportional Complementarities

We study a new model of complementary valuations, which we call "proportional complementarities. '' In contrast to common models, such as hypergraphic valuations, in our model, we do not assume that the extra value derived from owning a set of items is independent of the buyer's base valuations for the items. Instead, we model the complementarities as proportional to the buyer's base valuations, and these proportionalities are known market parameters. Our goal is to design a simple pricing scheme that, for a single buyer with proportional complementarities, yields approximately optimal revenue. We define a new class of mechanisms where some number of items are given away for free, and the remaining items are sold separately at inflated prices. We find that the better of such a mechanism and selling the grand bundle earns a 12-approximation to the optimal revenue for pairwise proportional complementarities. This confirms the intuition that items should not be sold completely separately in the presence of complementarities. In the more general case, a buyer has a maximum of proportional positive hypergraphic valuations, where a hyperedge in a given hypergraph describes the boost to the buyer's value for item i given by owning any set of items T in addition. The maximum-out-degree of such a hypergraph is d, and k is the positive rank of the hypergraph. For valuations given by these parameters, our simple pricing scheme is an O(min{d,k})-approximation.
Airflow measurement in passively aerated compost

Yu, S. , Clark, O.G. and Leonard, J.J. 2005. Airflow measurement in passively aerated compost. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 47: 6.39 6.45. Adequate aeration is necessary to maintain aerobic conditions in compost. Aeration systems are less expensive in terms of capital investment and operating costs if they are passive (convective) rather than active (forced). The flow and control of air has not been as well studied in passive systems, however, partly because of the difficulty of measuring the diffuse, variable, and sometimes extremely low flow rates of saturated air. In this study, a smoke tracer airflow meter was designed to measure airflow through passively aerated compost. Smoke from fuming sulphuric acid was injected into a straight air exhaust pipe and its passage was detected by two infrared emitter/detectors separated by a known distance. The meter was used to effectively measure the flow of moist exhaust air from a passively aerated, laboratory-scale compost vessel. The smoke tracer device was shown to be superior in this application to ultrasonic, hotwire, or bubble airflow meters.
Effects of Subjective Task Values and Information Processing on Motivation Formation

According to expectancy-value theory, achievement motivation depends on the intrinsic value and the utility value of a task. The authors hypothesized that utility value determines achievement motivation only when it is formed in a systematic way, because analyzing the utility of a task is a process requiring cognitive capacity as well as cognitive motivation. This was not assumed for intrinsic value, which was therefore hypothesized to determine achievement motivation independently from cognitive factors. As expected, the findings revealed that the utility value of a specific task predicted achievement motivation only for participants reporting high need for cognition (Study 1) and only when cognitive capacity was high (Study 2). By contrast, intrinsic value predicted motivation independently from those cognitive factors.
Assessment-Assisted and Relationship-Based Financial Advising: Using an Empirical Assessment to Understand Personal Investor Risk Tolerance in Professional Advising Relationships

A crucial component to the success of any financial advising relationship is for the financial professional to understand the perceptions, preferences and thought-processes carried by the financial clients they serve. Armed with this information, financial professionals are more quickly able to understand how they can tailor their approach to best match the individual preferences and needs of each personal investor. Our research explores the use of a quantitative assessment tool in the financial services industry to assist in the identification of the personal investor’s consumer behaviors, especially in terms of financial risk tolerance, as it relates to their financial decision making. Through this process, the Unitifi Consumer Insight Tool (UCIT) was created and refined to capture and categorize personal investor financial behavioral categories and the financial personality tendencies of individuals prior to the initiation of a financial advisement relationship. This paper discusses the use of this tool to place individuals in one of four behavior-based financial risk tolerance categories. Our discoveries and research were aided through administration of a web-based survey to a group of over 1,000 individuals. Our findings indicate that it is possible to use a quantitative assessment tool to assist in predicting the behavioral tendencies of personal consumers when faced with consumer financial risk and decisions. Keywords—Behavior based advising, behavioral finance, financial advising, financial advisor tools, financial risk tolerance.
Investigation of 1, 10-Phenanthroline based Ionic Liquids using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Ionic liquids—low temperature molten salts composed entirely of mobile ions—are a fascinating class of materials that have experienced an incredible growth in research over recent years. This is because of their immense applications in not only academic but also industrial processes. Ultra high vacuum technique, i.e. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is now accepted as a reliable method for the study of ionic liquid-based systems. To date, the main focus of research effort employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been upon imidazoliumbased ionic liquids, quite simply because these are the materials most often employed by synthetic chemists. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data (fitting models) for other than 1, 3-dialkyimidazolium based ionic liquids are required and need to be developed. 1, 10-Phenanthrolinium based ionic liquids are among the new compounds reported recently. However, no attempt is observed to investigate the electronic environments of its component atoms. In this report, therefore, the electronic environments of six N-alkyl-1, 10-Phenathrolinium based ionic liquids, [CnPhen][Tf2N] (n=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10), were investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a good fitting is developed for C 1s, and N 1s that applies to each of the compounds studied. This model allows accurate charge correction and the determination of reliable and reproducible binding energies of all the atoms for each compound studied. Hence, this model could be taken as benchmark in investigating any compound containing 1, 10-phenanthroline derivatives. Keywords : 1, 10-phenanthroline, fitting model, Ionic liquids, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Detrended fluctuation analysis of significant wave height time series

Mean daily significant wave height time series are analysed by means of the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method to examine the existence of longrange correlations, or long memory. The results indicate that the scaling behavior of significant wave height fluctuations is not constant over the considered time scales but there is a decrease of the scaling exponent with increasing time scale. Two crossover times have been identified, indicating three different scaling behaviors. Fluctuations associated to time scales between 10 and 100 days, approximately, show long-range correlation while fluctuations above and below this range present white and Brownian noise-like behavior, respectively.
Efficient Seat Allocation Process in College Exam System

: This research is dedicated to simplify the work of manual seating arrangements for the examination hall. The exam seat arrangement is one of the difficult and complex jobs for universities/collages. Due to the large number of students, subjects and rooms, the exam seat management becomes a complex one. This paper offers solution for the exam seating arrangement difficulties. The proposed system provides the seating arrangement for large number of students and helps in preventing exam hall fraudulent activities. It also provides an easy way for the students to find the examination hall through e-mails. This proposed system is developed in Java language. Further it can be extended to seating arrangement in movie theatres, conference hall etc
Consistency of weighted least-square estimators for parameter estimation problems based on binary measurements

In this paper, we present a new weighted least-squares (WLS) approach for parameter estimation based on binary data. Two WLS criteria are studied. We show that these two criteria do not have the same asymptotical behavior although they are closely related. Particularly, in the presence of noise, one of the criteria used for determining the system parameters provides an appropriate estimation, whereas the other one leads to an underestimation of the system parameters. These asymptotical results are illustrated by simulations in Gaussian and non-Gaussian contexts.
Deposition of Highly Porous Nanocrystalline Platinum on Functionalized Substrates Through Fluorine‐Induced Decomposition of Pt(PF3)4 Adsorbates

Highly porous, nanostructured platinum [ 1–5 ] has numerous applications in fuel cell technology, [ 4,6,7 ] gas sensing, [ 8,9 ] heterogeneous catalysis, [ 10,11 ] and neurostimulation. [ 12,13 ] Most favorable properties arise from a combination of high catalytic activity and large surface-to-volume ratio. Pt synthesis methods [ 1,2 ] include chemical reduction (e.g., electrochemical, photochemical, sono-chemical, and radiolytic), thermal decomposition, ligand displacement from organometallics, hydrothermal growth, the sol–gel process, gas-mediated electron-, [ 14,15 ] ion-, [ 15 ] and laser[ 16 ] beam-induced deposition, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, and thermal evaporation. Porous platinum may also be produced [ 1 ] using dealloying methods and by chemical plating [ 17 ] or physical vapor deposition [ 18 ] onto a pre-existing, high porosity framework. Fabrication of porous Pt electrodes in device structures often requires additional processing steps such as fi xation, screen or inkjet printing, spraying, or casting of Pt nanocrystallites. [ 1 ]
Effect of Political Quotas on Candidate Attributes and the Provision of Public Goods

Several countries use political quotas to increase representation of people belonging to a specific identity. This paper studies the effect of such quotas on attributes of political candidates and on the provision of public goods. I use a regression discontinuity design that exploits the assignment of caste quotas in the latest redistricting in India. I find quotas lead to political candidates with lower wealth, lower criminal records, but similar education levels. The difference in attributes is also observed and is more pronounced for the stronger candidates: those affiliated with political parties, and those elected for office. The caste quotas also increased the representation of women in politics. I find no significant difference in the level of public goods currently available in rural India between quota-bound and non-quota-bound areas. The results suggest an increase in political diversity with no negative effects on the provision of basic facilities.
Role of the vagal system in the regulatory sensory processing patterns in children with autistic spectrum disorder: Physiologic underpinnings and reliability of measurement

ROLE OF THE VAGAL SYSTEM IN THE REGULATORY SENSORY PROCESSING PATTERNS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER: PHYSIOLOGIC UNDERPINNINGS AND RELIABILITY OF MEASUREMENT by Catherine M. Cavaliere This study was a preliminary investigation into the reliability of cardiac vagal tone (CVT) as a measure of regulatory sensory processing in typically developing children and children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). We also examined group differences in CVT at rest and in response to sensation and the relationship of CVT to behavioral measures of sensory processing. The goals of this study were to answer three related research questions: 1 . Is CVT a reliable measure of regulatory sensory processing? 2. Do children with ASD respond to sensory information differently than typically developing children? 3 . Is there a relationship between physiologic and behavioral measures of regulatory sensory processing? The participants were 1 5 typically developing boys and 1 1 boys with ASD. We measured CVT two times, within 4 weeks, during the Sensory Challenge Protocol (Miller, 1999). Behavioral responsivity to sensation was measured using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) (Dunn, 1997). Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, vagal response patterns were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance and t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance were used to look at between group differences in vagal measures and SSP scores. 7
Polymorphism of chromosome size in the sows of Polish landrace breed

Assessment was made of sex chromosomes and autosomes based on measuring their areas in the Polish landrace, and of the connection of the observed polymorphism with reproductive traits. The average area of sex chromosomes in examined sows was 7.4779 μm, with the values ranging from 6.9739 μm to 8.1331 μm. And the average autosomes area was 143.7742 μm. Considerably greater variability was found within the sex chromosomes area than the autosomes area. The variability index of the chromatids area of sex chromosomes was between 0.3182% and 7.9053%. The variability of autosomal chromosomes area, however, was between 1.0491% and 1.3069%. The average areas of sex chromosomes and autosomes as well as the average total areas of chromosomes proved relatively highly and positively correlated with the number of piglets born in the fourth litter, and the values of correlation indexes were respectively r = 0.4044, r = 0.3257 and r = 0.3488.
Experiment on Using Topic Sentence for Neural News Headline Generation

News headline generation is one variant of summarization tasks, which is introduced in DUC-2003 and DUC2004 (Task 1) [15]. In this study, we are interested in news headline generation using abstractive approach. The generated headline possibly includes words not seen in the source document [11]. Headline generation can be cast as a task of mapping an input sequence of words into a target sequence of words using an encoder-decoder model (Section 2) [2]. Past studies on neural headline generation mostly used the first sentence-headline pair as an input-output for the encoder-decoder model [2, 5, 9, 11]. They emphasized on how to incorporate linguistics information or architectural strategy of the encoder-decoder model. However, Tan et al. in [13] questioned the effectiveness of using the first sentence as the input because information in the text is distributed across sentences [1]. They used the full-document or sentences extracted from statistical ranking techniques as the input for the encoder-decoder instead and showed improvement in performance. This study aims to investigate the use of the topic sentence (Section 3) as another type of input. There are two key questions addressed in this work: (1) whether the topic sentence is more useful than the first sentence for headline generation or not, and (2) whether the topic sentence is helpful in addition to the first sentence for headline generation or not.