Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
This Time is Different: Facebook’s Libra Can Improve Both Financial Inclusion and Global Financial Stability As a Viable Alternative Currency to the U.S. Dollar

The propagation of high-magnitude crises since the late 1990s have cost over $30 trillion and pushed about one percent of the world population into poverty. In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, the worst financial catastrophe of the 21st century, accelerated the speed of money’s inevitable evolution into cryptocurrencies. Blockchain and distributed ledgers are a revolutionary innovation; as antecedents, they could lead to foreseeable and unforeseeable impacts on the definition of central bank money and online payment systems. As with any new technology, Facebook’s Libra as the new kid on the block (but without block) is going to disrupt the existing cryptocurrency models and the ecosystem they have created for a decade. Libra clearly has an advantage over 2,400 cryptocurrencies sprouted since the first successful Bitcoin in January 2009; furthermore, Libra’s vast scale (close to a three billion user base) sets itself apart from even the most dominant Bitcoin with 68% of the market share. Bitcoin’s arduous journey to the stardom in the digital cash world has been constantly subject to immense criticism and the question whether Bitcoin is a digital coin or just an investment asset class has never been put to rest. Facebook assures that at least Libra is not going to have the same predicament as Bitcoin since Libra will be backed by a basket of stable currencies (dollar, euro, pound, and yen) as well as low-risk government bonds and central bank reserve assets; of course, this alone does not shield Libra from market fluctuations and exchange rate risks. Although Libra is promoted to be a very stable digital coin contrary to peers (i.e. Bitcoin), but Libra or its 28-member governing body the Libra Association will not eliminate all of cyberattacks or the default risk of securities and member-firms which happen to be for-profit companies. Libra’s another stability feature, unlike Bitcoin and over 2,400 altcoins, Libra will be a liability of individuals and entities plus it will be backed by a central bank like authority (the Libra Association) responsible for Libra’s stability. The downside is that Facebook has had a troubled past regarding privacy and the exploitation of users’ data; however Facebook assures that Libra will be operated by Facebook’s subsidiary Calibra and sensitive financial data including the Libra account holders’ any part of transaction history will not be shared with Facebook unless authorized by the account owners.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE STRATEGY, ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS FOR DECISION MAKING: A SURVEY OF ALL COMMUNITIES AFFECTED BY LANDSLIDES AS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN NGANJUK REGENCY

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of corporate strategy on the environmental management implications for decision making: A case study of landslides as a result of environmental damage in Nganjuk Regency. The results of the study show that the company strategy, the environmental management system implications for decision making which has characteristics possessed by someone to produce accurate decisions. Furthermore, it was found that the corporate strategy, the environmental management system implications for decision making.
Breastfeeding knowledge, practice, attitudes, and influencing factors: Findings from a selected sample of breastfeeding mothers in Bemidji, Minnesota

iii List Of Tables vi List Of Figures vii Chapter One: Introduction 1 Overview 1 Statement of the problem 4 Purpose 5 Need for the Study 5 Research questions 6 Limitations of the study 6 Delimitations 6 Assumptions 7 Definition of terms 8 Chapter Two: Review Of Literature 9 Introduction 9
The Role of Demographic and Cost-Related Factors in Determining Where Plants Locate - A Tale of Two Texas Cities

In the environmental justice literature, evidence of disproportionate siting in poor or minority neighborhoods is decidedly mixed. Some allege this is due to the difference in whether the study looks at evidence at the national, state, or city level. Here, I compare results from two of the largest cities in Texas to results for the state overall to discern whether important demographic or other differences are evident at the city level that may be masked at a more aggregate level of analysis. I examine four possible hypotheses for why plants may locate in poor or minority neighborhoods: profit maximization (or cost minimization); relatively low willingness-to-pay for environmental amenities; a lower propensity for collective action by the community; and finally, the desire on the part of the firm to discriminate against particular groups of people. Specifically, I match the location of manufacturing plants that reported to the Toxic Release Inventory to US Census information at the census tract level at the time when the siting decision occurred. I then combine this information with a variety of other data, including voter participation, wages, and crime rates at the county-level. The main findings of this paper is that the principle driver of plant location decisions is profit maximization and that variables associated with the collective action and discrimination hypotheses are largely not significant, population density excepted. These findings appear to hold both at the city and state level. Variables associated with willingness-to-pay for environmental amenities appear somewhat sensitive to geographic scope: poverty is sometimes significant at the state level but never significant at the level of the city.
Access to Medical Treatment in the California Workers' Compensation System, 2006 - eScholarship

This report was produced by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research under contract to the California Division of Workers' Compensation (DWC), Department of Industrial Relations, which is required to perform an annual study of access to medical treatment for injured workers. In order to accomplish this goal, the authors conducted surveys of injured workers, providers authorized to act as the primary treating physician in Workers' Compensation cases, and payers.
Unmet need as an indicator of health care access

Ensuring adequate and fair access to health care is a priority objective for European governments. This short paper discusses the measurement, distribution and policy implications of one indicator of access to health care: self-reported unmet need or foregone care. Two international surveys – EU-SILC and SHARE – include questions on unmet need and foregone care respectively, and therefore provide an opportunity for drawing comparisons on access to health care. It appears that, overall, people who report unmet need tend to be in worse health and with lower income. However, from a policy perspective, it is important to separate the causes of unmet need into those that are more relevant to policymakers from those that reflect individuals’ preferences and tastes, to view this indicator alongside other access measures such as health care contacts, distance to facilities, waiting times and supply characteristics, and to examine long-term trends in reporting unmet need and health outcomes.
An introductory course

Let's Study Urdu! is a comprehensive introduction to the Urdu language that draws on a range of real-life contexts, popular film songs, and prized works of Urdu literature. A variety of effective aural, oral, and written drills will help students master the language while keeping them entertained. Let's Study Urdu! provides students of diverse backgrounds, including heritage speakers, the opportunity to enhance their competency over basic grammatical structures so that they can comfortably use the language in Urdu-speaking milieus from South Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America.
Radiotherapy is Necessary for Breast Cancer Patients with 1-3 Positive Nodes

Studies have shown that postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) can reduce the risks of recurrence and mortality in breast cancer patients with node-positive disease, especially in those with ≥4 positive nodes (1,2). Randomized data from the DBCG 82 b & c trials have proved that PMRT for node positive patients improves the 15-year overall survival by approximately 10% (P = 0.015) (1). Overgaard et al. reported a randomized trial of radiotherapy after mastectomy in 1708 high-risk premenopausal women, showing that the 10-year disease-free survival rates are 48% for the women treated with radiotherapy plus CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil) and 34% for those treated with CMF only (P < 0.001), with a similar magnitude of benefit in 10year overall survival from 45% without PMRT to 54 % with PMRT (P < 0.001) (2). However, none of them has systematically discussed the benefit of PMRT for breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes, and it still remains a debate whether breast cancer patients with a comparatively low risk benefit from PMRT (3). Given this issue, we conducted a study for the effect of PMRT on breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes (4). We focused on the patients with T1-T2 tumors and 1-3 positive nodes because the patients with T≥3 are necessary to receive radiotherapy in spite of the number of positive nodes. Three electronic databases were systematically quarried for published studies evaluating the effects of PMRT on breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive lymph nodes. A total of 334 articles were initially identified, and ten studies with 3432 patients were included ultimately. Our analyses have shown that the pooled relative risk (RR) for locoregional recurrence rate (LRR) with PMRT is 0.348 (95% CI = 0.254 to 0.477), suggesting a significant benefit for PMRT to decrease the risk of LRR in patients with T1-T2 tumors and 1-3 positive nodes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the RR is 0.330 (95% CI = 0.171 to 0.639) for T1, N1-3+ tumors; and 0.226 (95% CI = 0.121 to 0.424) for T2, N1-3+ tumors. Our study has revealed a significant reduction of LRR in patients with TI-T2 tumors with 1-3 positive nodes after treatment with PMRT, and the magnitude of the LRR risk reduction is slightly greater for larger tumors. After the publication of our meta-analysis, the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) has recently published a meta-analysis which has also discussed the effect of PMRT on breast cancer with 1-3 positive nodes (5). In this metaanalysis, PMRT has been shown to be able to reduce the LRR (2P < 0·00001), overall recurrence (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.82, 2P = 0·00006), and mortality (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.95, 2P = 0.01), no matter whether or not systemic therapy is given. When the patients with 1-3 positive nodes after axillary dissection were analyzed who were in trials in which the policy was to give systemic therapy, PMRT could also reduce the rates of overall
The academic experiences of and utilization of services by college student-athletes deemed at-risk of not graduating

Title of Document: THE ACADEMIC EXPERIENCES OF AND UTILIZATION OF SERVICES BY COLLEGE STUDENT-ATHLETES DEEMED AT-RISK OF NOT GRADUATING Brian White, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed By: Dr. Peter Leone, Special Education Fifteen intercollegiate student-athletes at a Division I institution deemed atrisk of not graduating participated in a study seeking information on their postsecondary academic experiences. Student-athletes who self-reported a disability were asked if they chose to register with Disability Support Services. Research was conducted by performing individual interviews with each of the student-athletes. Findings indicated the student-athletes in this study felt positive about the support they received and their ability to graduate from their institution. Student-athletes in this study generally displayed an attitude of willingness to do what they need to do to succeed. Sentiments towards reporting a disability were varied. Student-athletes with a learning disability were willing to register with DSS, while participants with other disabilities were less willing to do so. Implications include the importance of a strong academic support system for the success of the student-athlete and both the athletic and academic goals of the institution. ACADEMIC EXPERIENCES OF AND UTILIZATION OF SERVICES BY COLLEGE STUDENT-ATHLETES DEEMED AT-RISK OF NOT GRADUATING
Creating a space and place for culture bearers within tertiary institutions: Experiencing East African dance songs in South Africa

This paper highlights the intersections between formal and informal African music and dance within a tertiary setting. Reflective practice, journaling and survey data within case study methodology provide a snapshot of the teaching and learning that took place at North West University in South Africa in October 2012. I argue for the inclusion of informal pedagogy of indigenous musics within the formal context of university courses. The experience provided a pathway to connect local community and university to celebrate the rich diversity of African music and culture. The teaching and learning experiences served as onsite professional development for tertiary students, music staff and myself.
INSURANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Insurance and Risk Management presents a current and succinct analysis of the insurance industry, insurance products and options, risk, risk identification and risk management in Australia and New Zealand. The book provides students and those new to the insurance profession with an analysis of the principles of insurance and the types of insurance products available, as well as a comprehensive discussion on insurance law, risk management, regulation and compliance
The effect of a standardised occupational therapy home program for children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy

One commonly utilised occupational therapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy is a “home program”. Despite the popularity of home program interventions there is little evidence to demonstrate effectiveness, particularly when an explicit family centred practice framework is adopted. This singlegroup pre-post design study evaluates the impact of a standardised occupational therapy home program implemented with a group of 20 children (2-7 years, mean age 3.8) with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. The study measured the effect of the program using: goal attainment scaling (GAS); pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI); and quality of upper extremity test (QUEST). In addition, parent participation intensity was measured through a home program log. The study found that there was a significant change following the intervention: GAS (p<0.00); PEDI functional skills (FS) (p<0.002); PEDI caregiver assistance (CA) (p<0.003); and QUEST (p<0.004). There was no relationship between home program intensity and outcome: GAS (r=0.00); PEDI FS (r=-0.10); PEDI CA (r=0.01); and QUEST (r=-0.38). The use of a standardised occupational therapy home program for children with cerebral palsy is recommended as an effective method to achieve therapy goals. Further research using more rigorous designs is required to fully explore treatment efficacy.
The Notion of Hope in the Lives of Prospective Teachers

The notion of hope as an educational theme has drawn very little attention amongst the teaching community. Ironically, one the strongest factors influencing why individuals choose the field of teaching is an aspiration to change the lives of their students. This study explores the notion of hope in the lives of prospective teachers in the US. The respondent group for this study consists of pre-service teachers in their senior year of undergraduate work. A semistructured interview captures how each prospective teacher interprets hope as a part of their teaching philosophies and practices. Findings reveal the notion of hope almost always exist in the lives of prospective educators since they choose the profession with the hopes of making a difference in children’s lives. In fact, there are more factors found in this study that influenced teacher hope such as quality of family life, physical health, sense of belonging, vitality, financial statement and so on. Future research should mention how personal factors such as character, living condition of teachers, family life and physical health influence teacher candidates’ hopefulness. Further studies should also explore the views of practicing teachers about hope.
Sélection et Contrôle à Distance d'Objets Physiques Augmentés

Notre recherche doctorale concerne l'interaction dans les environnements intelligents. Plus particulierement, nous considerons la selection et le controle a distance d'objets physiques augmentes. Nos objectifs sont a la fois conceptuels, par la mise en place d'un espace de conception mais aussi pratiques par la conception, le developpement et l'evaluation de techniques d'interaction. Nos resultats ont permis de souligner ou l'attention de l'utilisateur doit etre pour la selection efficace et plaisante des objets augmentes a travers la comparaison experimentale de deux nouvelles techniques de selection d'objets physiques : P2Roll et P2Slide. Les perspectives en vue de la completude des travaux concernent principalement le controle d'objets et incluent (1) l'evaluation des techniques de guidage pour le controle gestuel des objets augmentes par un utilisateur novice, et (2) l'evaluation in situ des techniques concues.
Global Value Chain in Services: The Case of Tourism in Japan

Abstract:This paper assesses the role of global value chains (GVCs) in services and identifies the sector's contributions towards the expansion of the Japanese economy. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the tourism sector in Japan, which has been witnessing rapid growth in recent years. Tourism is also a highly tradeable sector that, directly or indirectly, affects various services industries like transport, retail, wholesale, restaurant, agricultural production, inter alia. In order to better understand the sector, the paper develops its GVC map and estimates the ripple effects of the inbound tourism boom on Japan's economic development using an Input-Output (I-O) table.
Documenting the Role of Spirituality in Improving Healthcare Outcomes for Vulnerable Populations

This ethnographic study documented the outcomes of the congregational nursing program in clinical settings where leaders and caregivers included consideration of patient spiritual needs to improve health outcomes and reduce care disparities. Spiritual leadership (SL) was my guiding theoretical orientation. Compared to motivation-based theories of leadership, SL is the most inclusive of leadership theories that encompass ethics, values and religion. My study addressed the following questions in congregational nursing health care programs: In what ways can the level of spiritual leadership be described and documented? How is spiritual leadership characterized and practiced? How can patient spiritual well-being be described and documented? How is patient spirituality characterized? Do patients perceive their spiritual wellbeing is influenced by the spiritual leadership of health care providers? Drawing on the interpretivist/constructivist paradigm (Guba & Lincoln, 2005), my study employed case study methods (Flyvbjerg, 2011) to capture patterns involving spiritual leadership and patient perceptions regarding outcomes of including spirituality in their health care treatment plan. Healthcare organizations are becoming aware that the autocratic style of leadership is no longer effective, and institutions might be better served by employing spiritual leadership principles. My study has documented the strong connection between spiritual leadership, patient care and spiritual well-being. This study holds the potential to contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding the effectiveness of spiritual leadership in health care settings. It also has the potential to inform the way community health is delivered in the future to maximize effectiveness and improve overall health outcomes of target populations.
Effect of Inbound Marketing Factors on Marketing Performance: The Case of Restaurant and Catering Industry in Rasht with an Emphasis on Restaurants with Gilaki Names

The present study explores the effect of inbound marketing factors on marketing performance. The statistical population was composed of all customers of six restaurants with Gilaki names in Rasht, which are active in cyberspace. A total of 400 individuals were selected by convenience sampling. The standard scales included visibility management, active listening, community building, word-of-mouth (WOM) intention, and purchase intention. Data were analyzed by structural equations modeling in AMOS (ver. 24) software package. The coefficient of determination for the dependent variables showed that active listening, community building, visibility management and WOM intention could account for 49 percent of the variance of customer purchase intention. Also, active listening, community building, and visibility management captured 28 percent of the variance of customer WOM intention. Therefore, it can be concluded that the active presence of restaurants in cyberspace is directly related to customer WOM and purchase intention and attention to inbound marketing tools will play a key role in the viability of their business.
Contributions of Muscle Fatigue to a Neuromuscular Neck Injury in Female Standard Ballroom Dancers

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSCLE FATIGUE TO A NEUROMUSCULAR NECK INJURY IN FEMALE STANDARD BALLROOM DANCERS Teri J. Riding Department of Exercise Sciences Master of Science Objective: To investigate the potential etiology of a loss of neck control injury in female standard ballroom dancers. The median frequency (MF) as measured by electromyography (EMG) of the left upper trapezius (UT), left splenius capitius (SPL), and right sternocleidomastoid (SCM) of injured dancers was compared to non-injured dancers. This comparison was performed to identify whether dancers with a history of loss of neck control have a greater amount of fatigue than those with no history of this particular injury. Design and Setting: A 2 x 6 factorial design was used for this investigation. The independent variables were group (injured vs. non-injured) and time (before and after the three rounds of dancing). The dependent variables were MF as measured by EMG, range of motion, and neck length. All testing was performed at the university biomechanics laboratory and ballroom dance studio. Subjects: Twenty female subjects (10 injured group {mean height 167.40 ± 4.12 cm and weight 59.30 ± 5.41 kg}, 10 non-injured group {mean height 166.76 ± 4.62 cm and weight 58.93 ± 5.30 kg}), with at least one year experience in competitive ballroom dancing, in the standard division participated in this study. All subjects competed at a Dancesport competition either in the novice, pre-championship, and/or amateur standard classifications. Inclusion criteria for the injured group included female ballroom dancers who had a loss of neck control episode. Measurements: Surface EMG activity was recorded from the left UT, left SPL, and right SCM muscles before and after dancing the five standard dances. Results: The decrease in EMG MF was not significant between groups. There was no difference in neck lengths from the external occipital protuberance to inferior angle of the scapula between groups. There were also no significant differences in range of motion of left and right lateral flexion and extension in either group from pre to post dancing. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, subjects with a history of neuromuscular neck injury did not appear to have acute fatigue of the three muscles studied here following the routine used in this study.