Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WM 2009 Conference , March 1-5 , 2009 , Phoenix , AZ SRNL-STI-2008-00466 Removing Sludge Heels from Savannah River Site Waste Tanks by Oxalic Acid Dissolution-9120

The Savannah River Site (SRS) will remove sludge as part of waste tank closure operations. Typically the bulk sludge is removed by mixing it with supernate to produce a slurry, and transporting the slurry to a downstream tank for processing. Experience shows that a residual heel may remain in the tank that cannot be removed by this conventional technique. In the past, SRS used oxalic acid solutions to disperse or dissolve the sludge heel to complete the waste removal. To better understand the actual conditions of oxalic acid cleaning of waste from carbon steel tanks, the authors developed and conducted an experimental program to determine its effectiveness in dissolving sludge, the hydrogen generation rate, the generation rate of other gases, the carbon steel corrosion rate, the impact of mixing on chemical cleaning, the impact of temperature, and the types of precipitates formed during the neutralization process. The test samples included actual SRS sludge and simulated SRS sludge. The authors performed the simulated waste tests at 25, 50, and 75 °C by adding 8 wt % oxalic acid to the sludge over seven days. They conducted the actual waste tests at 50 and 75 °C by adding 8 wt % oxalic acid to the sludge as a single batch. Following the testing, SRS conducted chemical cleaning with oxalic acid in two waste tanks. In Tank 5F, the oxalic acid (8 wt %) addition occurred over seven days, followed by inhibited water to ensure the tank contained enough liquid to operate the mixer pumps. The tank temperature during oxalic acid addition and dissolution was approximately 45 °C. The authors analyzed samples from the chemical cleaning process and compared it with test data. The conclusions from the work follow.  Oxalic acid addition proved effective in dissolving sludge heels in the simulant demonstration, the actual waste demonstration, and in SRS Tank 5F.  The oxalic acid dissolved ~ 100% of the uranium, ~ 100% of the iron, and ~ 40% of the manganese during a single contact in the simulant demonstration. (The iron dissolution may be high due to corrosion of carbon steel coupons.)  The oxalic acid dissolved ~ 80% of the uranium, ~ 70% of the iron, and ~ 50% of the manganese in the actual waste demonstration for a single contact.  The oxalic acid dissolved ~ 3000 kg of uranium, ~ 1500 kg of iron, ~ 700 kg of manganese, ~ 6.2 x 10 Ci of Sr-90, ~ 4.1 x 10 Ci of Cs-137, ~ 13 Ci of Pu-239/240, and ~ 0.27 Ci of Pu-238 in Tank 5F during the first contact cycle.  During the second contact cycle, the oxalic acid dissolved ~ 34 kg of uranium, ~ 400 kg of iron, ~ 50 kg of manganese, ~ 2.1 x 10 Ci of Sr-90, ~ 1.4 x 10 Ci of Cs-137, ~ 0.29 Ci of Pu-239/240, and ~ 0.10 Ci of Pu-238 in Tank 5F. With the exception of iron, the amount of the major species dissolved during the second acid strike was significantly lower than in the first strike. Because of
Symbiotic propagation of seedlings of Cyrtopodium glutiniferum Raddi (Orchidaceae)

In nature, orchid seeds obtain the nutrients necessary for germination by degrading intracellular fungal structures formed after colonization of the embryo by mycorrhizal fungi. Protocols for asymbiotic germination of orchid seeds typically use media with high concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and minerals. However, when reintroduced into the field, seedlings obtained via asymbiotic germination have lower survival rates than do seedlings obtained via symbiotic germination. Tree fern fiber, the ideal substrate for orchid seedling acclimatization, is increasingly scarce. Here, we evaluated seed germination and protocorm development of Cyrtopodium glutiniferum Raddi cultivated in asymbiotic media (Knudson C and Murashige & Skoog) and in oatmeal agar (OA) medium inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus Epulorhiza sp. , using non-inoculated OA medium as a control. We also evaluated the performance of tree fern fiber, pine bark, eucalyptus bark, corncob and sawdust as substrates for the acclimatization of symbiotically propagated plants. We determined germination percentages, protocorm development and growth indices at 35 and 70 days of cultivation. Relative growth rates and the effects of substrates on mycorrhizal formation were calculated after 165 days of cultivation. Germination efficiency and growth indices were best when inoculated OA medium was used. Corncob and pine bark showed the highest percentages of colonized system roots. The OA medium inoculated with Epulorhiza sp. shows potential for C. glutiniferum seedling production. Corncob and pine bark are promising substitutes for tree fern fiber as substrates for the acclimatization of orchid seedlings.
Title Inconsistencies from a running cosmological constant Permalink

We examine the general issue of whether a scale dependent cosmological constant can be consistent with general covariance, a problem that arises naturally in the treatment of quantum gravitation where coupling constants generally run as a consequence of renormalization group effects. The issue is approached from several points of view, which include the manifestly covariant functional integral formulation, covariant continuum perturbation theory about two dimensions, the lattice formulation of gravity, and the non-local effective action and effective field equation methods. In all cases we find that the cosmological constant cannot run with scale, unless general covariance is explicitly broken by the regularization procedure. Our results are expected to have some bearing on current quantum gravity calculations, but more generally should apply to phenomenological approaches to the cosmological vacuum energy problem. e-mail address : Herbert.Hamber@aei.mpg. de e-mail address : RToriumi@uci.edu
Lean body mass, muscle fibre size and muscle function in cancer patients during chemotherapy and 10 weeks exercise

Chemotherapy can reduce muscle mass in cancer patients but the potential of exercise to ameliorate this is understudied, particularly at the myocellular level. The primary purpose was to investigate changes in lean body mass (LBM) and secondly single fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA) in cancer patients during chemotherapy and in combination with 10 weeks of exercise.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS OF THE AFRTCAN GENUS LUPHUROMYS ( RODENTA MURIDAE )

Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics was used to investigate patterns of growth and differences in size and shape of the skull or three species of thc African rodent genus Lophur-omys, representing the two subgenera Lophur-umys S.S. (rcpresented by a population of L. flawpunclatus from Rwanda and a population of L. sikapusi from Ivory Coast) and K iwmys (represented by a population or L. woosnami from Rwanda). Procrustes superimposition was used to study variation in 2 1 three-dimensional landmarks. Differences in shape were visualised by using current available graphical morphometric tcchniques. Significant differences in centroid size were found both between species, sexes, and age classes. The pattern of growth in size is parallel between species. suggesting that it has been maintained after cladogenesis. No significant sexual dimorphism in shape has been found. Moreover. growth significantly affects the shape o l the skull of L. ,flavoyuncfums, but not that of L. sikapusi and L. woosrfanti. The main distinction in shape reflects thc phylogenetic occurrcncc of the two subgenera, i.e. Kiiiumis and Lophul-omys S . S . Howcvcr, the knowledge on thc biology of these species is inadequate to exclude that any other adaptivc factor (e.g. diet, climate, etc.) may have contributed in causing shape differences.
Analysing the rhythms of travel using survival analysis

Temporal aspects of individual travel behaviour have been the foci of analysis in the activity-based approach since its emergence 30 years ago. Among the other aspects, rhythmic patterns of travel behaviour have been neglected, though – mainly due to missing or insufficient data capturing periodicity on a weekly or monthly basis. The German research project Mobidrive, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, implemented a six-week continuous travel diary which now yields a unique data base for detecting and analysing rhythms of time-use and mobility. This paper reports first results describing and explaining those rhythmic patterns of travel behaviour by applying the techniques and models of survival analysis.
The application of agricultural land rating and crop models to CO2 and climate change issues in Northern regions: the Mackenzie Basin case study

Mackenzien jokialue sijaitsee Kanadan luoteisosassa ja on laajuudeltaan noin 1,8 miljoonaa km2 . Talla hetkella alue on liian viilea ja etaisyydet ovat liian pitkia, jotta maataloutta kannattaisi harjoittaa merkittavassa maarin. Jokialueen etelaosien luonnonolot ovat kuitenkin sellaiset, etta taloudellisesti kannattavalle maataloudelle on edellytyksia.Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, miten ilmastonmuutoksesta aiheutuva maailmanlaajuisen lampotilan nousu vaikuttaa Mackenzien jokialueen luonnonoloihin. Tutkimuksessa sovellettiin maatalousmaan luokitusta ja kasvumalleja, joiden avulla arvioitiin alueen potentiaalista maataloustuotantoa muuttuneissa olosuhteissa. Analyysissa kaytetyt kaksi ilmastonmuutosta kuvaavaa skenaariota viittaavat siihen, etta lampotilan nousu lyhentaa nykyisin hyvin pitkaa routajaksoa. Samanaikaisesti kuitenkin kuivuus ja viljan nopeutunut kasvu vahentavat hyotya, joka maataloustuotannolle koituu lisaantyneesta hiilidioksidista ja kohonneesta lampotilasta.
Testosterone and estradiol affect renal oxidative metabolism and glutathione pathway of Wistar rats

The impact of sexual hormones on kidney metabolism may be relevant to modulate the effect of nephrotoxic substances. In the present research the effects of castration, testosterone, and estradiol on renal oxidative metabolism [cytochrome P-450 (CYP)], glutathione pathway [glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities, and cysteine-conjugate s-lyase [as glutamine transaminase K (GTK) activity] have been studied. Naive male rats have a significantly lower GSH content but show a significantly higher GST activities and CYP content than females, whereas no sex difference was for GTK activity. Castration significantly reduces GSH content and GTK activity in females and CYP content in males, partially but significantly restored by testosterone. Testosterone significantly increases GSH content and GTK activity in males and GTK activity and CYP content in females. Estradiol increases GSH content in males, whereas decreases GST activities in females and CYP content in both sexes. Castration followed by testosterone treatment increases GTK activity in both sexes whereas increases CYP content and reduces GSH content in females. Castration followed by estradiol treatment increases GSH content and reduces GST activities in males and CYP content in both sexes. In conclusion, the results suggest that sex hormones influence metabolic pathways of the kidney and that they are probably responsible of the sex- related differences of chemical-induced nephrotoxicity. An univocal model to define sex-related toxicity of xenobiotic substances is far to be identified.
NATIONAL PRIVATE MULTI CURRENCY SYSTEM SET UP Yasumi MATSUMOTO

As long ago as 1961 Robert Mundell proposed the introduction of many currencies in one country to deal with regional imbalances via fixed exchange rate adjustments. The purpose of this economic policy approach was to stabilize the national economy. However, this interpretation of the initial idea was long forgotten and never came into being. The reason may be attributed to many factors, mainly internal ones and the fact that the traditional form of money was a significant impediment for introducing a multi-currency monetary system in any national economy. This situation seems about to change, due to the emergence of virtual forms of money. The aim of this paper is to present an analytical framework for studying the economics of a national multi–currency monetary system in an open economy model. The core idea is to introduce a virtual form of money and make it the sole means of payment in all kinds of transactions. We offer a solution that grants high stability of the external value of the domestic currency. Agents issuing the virtual currencies domestically are industrial and financial conglomerates, for which currency issues are backed by their fixed tangible assets and credit expansion is restricted by revenue. It seems to us that the proposed system is an acceptable response to the increased variability in external factors that are detrimental to domestic stability. There are additional consequences of the multi-currency system that are discussed briefly.
Ambiguity, risk, and asset returns in continuous time

Models of utility in stochastic continuous-time settings typically assume that beliefs are represented by a probability measure, hence ruling out a priori any concern with ambiguity. This paper formulates a continuous-time intertemporal version of multiple-priors utility, where aversion to ambiguity is admissible. In a representative agent asset market setting, the model delivers restrictions on excess returns that admit interpretations reflecting a premium for risk and a separate premium for ambiguity.
Assistência farmacêutica integrada ao processo de cuidado em saúde: gestão clínica do medicamento

This is a narrative review on pharmaceutical services integrated into the primary healthcare process. A literature review was performed to collect national and international evidence and has been combined with the empirical knowledge gained by the authors during the teaching-learning process and research on this area of study to structure a logical, conceptual model that integrates clinical management of medicines with the technical management of pharmaceutical services. It is inferred that an efficient technical management of pharmaceutical services and an efficient clinical management of medicines help promote rational drug use and improve primary healthcare as well as Brazil's Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) as a whole.
Kaon to Pion Ratio in SU(3) PNJL Model

The article is devoted to investigation of the sharp peak in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{K}^{ + }}/{{\pi }^{ + }}$$\end{document} ratio, known as a ”horn”. We used the SU(3) PNJL model to show how the splitting of kaon mass can appear in dense matter and how it can affect the kaon to pion ratio. In the model we calculated the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$K/\pi $$\end{document} ratio of both positive and negative charged mesons, choosing temperature and baryonic chemical potential along the chiral phase transition line to show how matter properties can affect to the mesons ratio.
Influence of physiological state of inoculum on volatile acidity production by "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" during high sugar fermentation

An approach consisting of controlling yeast inoculum to minimize volatile acidity production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the alcoholic fermentation of botrytized must was investigated. Direct inoculation of rehydrated active dry yeasts produced the most volatile acidity, while a yeast preparation pre-cultured for 24 hours reduced the final production by up to 23 %. Using yeasts collected from a fermenting wine as a starter must also reduced volatile acidity production. The conditions for preparing the inoculum affected the fermentation capacity of the first generation yeasts: fermentation duration, sugar to ethanol ratio, and wine composition. A pre-culture medium with a low sugar concentration (< 220 g/L) is essential to limit volatile acidity production in high sugar fermentations.
Elevation correction of ERA-Interim temperature data in complex terrain

Air temperature controls a large variety of environmental processes, and is an essential input parameter for land surface models, for example in hydrology, ecology and climatology. However, meteorological networks, which can provide the necessary information, are commonly sparse in complex terrains, especially in high mountainous regions. In order to provide temperature data in an adequate temporal and spatial resolution for local scale applications a new elevation correction method has been developed that is able to downscale 3-hourly ERA-Interim temperature data. The scheme is based on model internal vertical lapse rates derived from different ERA-Interim pressure levels and has been validated for twelve meteorological stations in the German and Swiss Alps. The method was also compared with two other statistical, lapse rate based correction approaches. The results indicate that the use of model internal ERA-Interim lapse rates can significantly improve the downscaling performance when compared to the standard procedure of using fixed lapse rates.
Chapter 2 Consumers ’ Responses to Brand Websites :

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Floristic mining residues England variation in plant communities on metalliferous in the northern and southern Pennines

Vegetation and soil surveys were conducted on metalliferous mine wastes in the northern and southern Pennines of England. Analyses of vegetation composition in relation to soil chemical variation were performed. Ordination analysis facilitated the detection of groups of co-occurring species which are characteristic of types of metal-contaminated soil. The results of regression analysis implied the importance of soil pH and concentration of available lead or zinc, depending upon region, in determining species distributions. A strong interactive effect was evident between soil phosphorus and zinc content in influencing species distributions in the southern Pennines sample. Regional similarities in the vegetation of apparently similar metalliferous soils existed. The unusually high species richness of some soils was associated with relatively low concentrations of heavy metals. Many species of relatively floristically-rich wastes were also colonists of surrounding grasslands or woodland. This indicated the potential importance of propagule availability and capability for rapid establishment on bare or unstable ground. Mechanisms of physiological stress avoidance, rather than heavy-metal tolerance, may explain the occurrence of non- metallophytes on soils contaminated with ! ead and zinc. LNTRODUCTION The Pennine region of the UK has an approximate 2,000 year history of non-ferrous metal mining and, more recently, an association with the mining ofbarytes and fluorspar. The metalliferous wastes deposited by these industries vary in age, chemical composition and structure. The older spoils derived from the lead and zinc mining industries in the Pennine region contain high concentrations of residual metals. In the northern Pennines, total concentrations of lead and zinc have been shown to reach 12,750 mg kg -1 and 51,200 mg kg -1 respectively; in the southern Pennines spoils, concentrations of 76,500 Pb mg kg 1 and 42,000 Zn mg kg q have been recorded (Johnson and Bradshaw, 1977; Cooke and Morrey, 1981). In common with soils containing elevated concentrations of other heavy metals, the vegetation which occurs naturally on lead and zinc mine spoils often differs from the flora of the surrounding land. These metal-rich soils may support species which occur on uncontaminated adjacent land, or may support associations of species which are restricted to the metal-rich soil (Ernst, 1968 a & b; Baker, 1987).
Looming Responses to Obstacles and Apertures: The Role of Accretion and Deletion of Background Texture

Successful navigation in the world requires differentiating an obstacle in one's path from an aperture through which one could pass. An approaching obstacle is specified by texture expansion within the obstacle's contour and the deletion of background texture outside the object. In contrast, an approaching aperture contains texture expansion within the aperture's frame and accretion of background texture within the aperture's contour. This study investigated 3- to 5-month-old infants' discrimination of obstacles from apertures, examining eyeblink responses to the movement of both kinds of objects against backgrounds varying in salience. Obstacles produced stronger looming reactions than apertures, and the salience of the background influenced responses to apertures but not obstacles. These findings imply that infants differentiate obstacles from apertures based on their relative patterns of accretion versus deletion of background texture, and suggest that infants recognize the functional consequences of contact with these objects.
The burden of hypertension in the emergency department and linkage to care: A prospective cohort study in Tanzania

Objectives Globally, hypertension affects one billion people and disproportionately burdens low-and middle-income countries. Despite the high disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa, optimal care models for diagnosing and treating hypertension have not been established. Emergency departments (EDs) are frequently the first biomedical healthcare contact for many people in the region. ED encounters may offer a unique opportunity for identifying high risk patients and linking them to care. Methods Between July 2017 and March 2018, we conducted a prospective cohort study among patients presenting to a tertiary care ED in northern Tanzania. We recruited adult patients with a triage blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg in order to screen for hypertension. We explored knowledge, attitudes and practices for hypertension using a questionnaire, and assessed factors associated with successful follow-up. Hypertension was defined as a single blood pressure measurement ≥ 160/100 mmHg or a three-time average of ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as a three-time average measurement of ≥ 160/100 mmHg. Successful follow-up was defined as seeing an outpatient provider within one month of the ED visit. Results We enrolled 598 adults (mean age 59.6 years), of whom 539 (90.1%) completed the study. The majority (78.6%) of participants were aware of having hypertension. Many (223; 37.2%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Overall, only 236 (43.8%) of participants successfully followed-up within one month. Successful follow-up was associated with a greater understanding that hypertension requires lifelong treatment (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03,1.21) and inversely associated with greater anxiety about the future (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.64,0.99). Conclusion In a northern Tanzanian tertiary care ED, the burden of hypertension is high, with few patients receiving optimal outpatient care follow-up. Multi-disciplinary strategies are needed to improve linkage to care for high-risk patients from ED settings.