Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism on efficacy of postoperative analgesia

Objective To evaluate the effect of ATP-binding cassette B subfamily member 1 transporter (ABCB1) C3435T genetic polymorphism on the efficacy of postoperative analgesia. Methods One hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 18-60 yr, scheduled for elective thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia, were enrolled in this study.The gene mutation of ABCB1 C3435T was detected, and the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the genotypes: wild homozygote group (CC group), mutation heterozygote (CT group) and mutation homozygote group (TT group). Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed with sufentanil after operation.Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 24 and 48 h after operation, postoperative consumption of sufentanil, sleep quality score at 24 h after operation and state-trait anxiety score were recorded. Results Compared with CC group, VAS scores at 24 h after operation and postoperative consumption of sufentanil were significantly decreased in TT and CT groups, and the state-trait anxiety score was significantly decreased in TT group and increased in CT group (P 0.05). Conclusion ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism may be one of the mechanisms of the individual variation in the efficacy of postoperative analgesia. Key words: Polymorphism, single nucleotide; Analgesia; Pain, postoperative
Chromatin Quality as a Crucial Factor for the Success of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analyses of Unfertilized Oocytes, Polar Bodies and Arrested Zygotes

Chromatin Quality as a Crucial Factor for the Success of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analyses of Unfertilized Oocytes, Polar Bodies and Arrested Zygotes Material that is supernumerary or unsuitable for in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures is used for basic and for IVF-related research. Despite the disadvantages of such cells, they have contributed much to our understanding of the mechanisms and prevalence of different abnormalities. Fifty-four human unfertilized oocytes, 34 arrested bipronuclear zygotes and 15 polar bodies were fixed for analysis on the third day after in vitro insemination and were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for chromosomes 18, 21, X and Y (centromere for 18, X, Y and locus-specific for 21). The aim of the study was the comparison of FISH efficiency in differently condensed chromatin. The success of FISH analysis was over 60% of analyzed cells and it was dependent on the chromatin changes (condensation and/or fragmentation) during the culture period before cell fixation. Chromatin ageing was the crucial factor for the reduced success of FISH in both oocyte chromosomes (60.0%) and pronuclei (61.76%). The chromatin of second polar bodies (PBII), and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) of the sperm chromatin in oocytes was more suitable for FISH analysis (FISH success 75.0% in PBII and 64.29% in PCC) with both centromere and locus-specific probes. These results revealed the significance of early signs of in vitro cell ageing for the success of FISH analysis and for the interpretation of results in case of analysis of unfertilized human ova, polar bodies and arrested zygotes.
The Effects of Nitrate and Phosphate Deficiencies on Certain Biochemical Metabolites in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. c.v. Urbana V.F.) Plant

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two important macronutrients with diverse functions in plants. Therefore, the effects of their deficiencies on different physiological and biochemical characteristics especially in crops have always been investigated. In this study, the effects of nitrate and phosphate deficiencies in two levels of 25% and 35% deficiencies compared to control plants were studied in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Results were analyzed statistically that showed a significant increase of root soluble and insoluble sugars and peroxidase activity and a significant decrease of root soluble proteins in both levels of nitrate and phosphate deficiencies which have less been studied. Furthermore, reverse relationships between soluble sugars and soluble proteins (r 2 =0.996) and between insoluble sugars and soluble proteins (r 2 =1) under nitrate deficiencies were developed. Also, by decreasing nitrate, β-caroten and xanthophyll contents decreased. By decreasing phosphate, concentration of β-caroten diminished but xanthophyll contents were not affected significantly. On the whole, biochemical characteristics were affected more in nitrate-deficient treatments in tomato plants than those of control plants.
Nutrient Limitation of Net Primary Production in Marine Ecosystems

The question of nutrient limitation of primary production in estuaries and other marine ecosystems has engendered a great deal of debate. Although nitrogen is often named as the primary limiting nutrient in seawater (3, 17-19, 50, 52, 55, 61, 76, 80), this is by no means universally accepted. Many workers have argued that phosphorus is limiting (58, 71), that both nitrogen and phosphorus can simultaneously be limiting (9), or that primary production can switch seasonally from being nitrogen-limited to phosphorus-limited (6, 46). Others argue that nutrients are not limiting at all in many marine ecosystems, including highly oligotrophic waters (15). To some extent these disagreements result from poor communication due to different definitions of nutrient limitation. Considerable argument also occurs over the various methods and approaches used to estimate nutrient limitation. Limnologists in particular have tended to be critical of the methods often used to study nutrient limitation in marine ecosystems (23). Nutrient limitation in lakes has historically received more study than that in estuaries, and most mesotrophic and eutrophic north-temperate lakes are phosphorus limited (8, 62, 63, 66, 81). Thus, there is a feeling among many limnologists and environmental engineers who study lakes that marine ecosystems also probably are phosphorus limited. Lacking strong mechanistic arguments to explain why nutrient limitation might be different in estuaries than in lakes, environmental management agencies often assume that phosphorus limitation in marine ecosystems is the rule.
A HUMAN LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN FAMILY WITH DISTINCT a-SUBUNITS AND A COMMON 3- SUBUNIT:

Two human molecules with surprisingly similar molecular structures, LFA-1 and Mac-1/OKM1, have recently been found to be important in cytolytic T lymphocyte-mediated killing, and in complement receptor function, respectively. Human LFA-1 contains two subunits of Mr 177,000 and 95,000 (1), and OKM 1/ Mac-1 (2) has two polypeptides of strikingly similar size. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to human LFA-1 block antigen-specific CTL-mediated killing and T helper cell responses, as well as natural killing (1, 3). LFA-1 participates in the Mg+2-dependent adhesion step of CTL-mediated killing (4). Human LFA-1 is a widely expressed leukocyte antigen present in lymphocytes, thymocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and 37% of bone marrow cells (3). The participation of LFA1 in natural as well as antigen-dependent killing, and its distribution on myeloid (3) as well as lymphoid cells, suggest that LFA-1 is not an antigen receptor but has a different and perhaps more general function in cell adhesion reactions. MAb to human Mac-l(5) block adhesion by myeloid cells, mediated by the complement receptor type three (CRy), 1 to C3bi-coated particles (6). Mac-1 may thus be identical to the CRy. Human Mac-1 (5) and its homologue murine Mac1 (7-9) appear identical to the human OKM1 and Mol antigens (2, 10-12) in cell distribution and structural characteristics. Mac-l, OKM1, and Mol are expressed on monocytes, granulocytes, and natural killer cells, and in contrast to LFA-1, are absent from lymphocytes. A structural relationship between molecules implies similarities in the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions. Here, relationships between LFA1, OKM 1 (Mac-1), and further leukocyte cell surface antigens have been examined. The results show that human LFA-1, OKM1/Mol, and a third novel
The lek paradox and the capture of genetic variance by condition dependent traits

Recent evidence suggests that sexually selected traits have unexpectedly high genetic variance. In this paper, we offer a simple and general mechanism to explain this observation. Our explanation offers a resolution to the lek paradox and rests on only two assumptions; condition dependence of sexually selected traits and high genetic variance in condition. The former assumption is well supported by empirical evidence. We discuss the evidence for the latter assumption. These two assumptions lead inevitably to the capture of genetic variance into sexually selected traits concomitantly with the evolution of condition dependence. We present a simple genetic model to illustrate this view. We then explore some implications of genic capture for the coevolution of female preference and male traits. Our exposition of this problem incidentally leads to new insights into the similarities between sexually selected traits and life history traits, and therefore into the maintenance of high genetic variance in the latter. Finally, we discuss some shortcomings of a recently proposed alternative solution to the lek paradox; selection on variance.
Scanning electron microscopy for nano-morphology characterisation of complex hierarchical polymer structures

This thesis presents novel and innovative ways of imaging and analysing natural hierarchical polymers using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy and secondary electron energies. Materials such as plant fibres, feathers and silk, have received increased societal and scientific interest recently, while the plastic industry is faced with growing public concerns over its generation of waste, and use of petrochemical precursors. In nature, materials are produced sustainably and they furthermore exhibit inspiring mechanical performance. One such material is spider silk, which is spun at room temperature from a water-based protein gel to form a thread, which even with diameters as small as 5 μm easily suspends the weight of a palm-sized spider. It is known that the secret to spider silk’s remarkable properties lies within its nanoscale structures. However, the direct observation of these nanostructures has remained difficult due to their small size and their sensitivity to chemical and mechanical alteration. This work presents novel sample preparation protocols and demonstrates their use in accessing size and location information of key nanostructures within spider silk through nanoscale observation in the scanning electron microscope. As the secondary electron spectroscopy technique employed here is relatively new, new workflows from sample preparation, over optimal imaging and spectral acquisition and novel multivariate data analysis techniques are innovated and described in detail. The rigorous consideration of the material and method are exemplified on a feather section, to show that the secondary electron energy signal in the scanning electron microscope may generate molecular composition maps on a proteinaceous structural polymer. This work lays out all requirements for unlocking the vast potential for nanoscale chemical mapping which lies in the nanoscale secondary electron signal, to further inspire ground-breaking studies into the nanostructures of complex hierarchical polymers.
Metodologia de apoio a seleção de sistemas construtivos mais sustentáveis para habitações rurais no contexto brasileiro

The lack of decent housing for people living in the countryside is one of the main factors of social vulnerability, with rural housing shortage reaching 783 thousand in Brazil. The construction industry is of great importance for the mitigation of this situation, with significant participation in the process of social, economic and environmental transformation. The industry now starts to reframe itself, incorporating concepts of sustainability in its construction processes. Since the early 2000s, several methodologies for the evaluation of sustainable performance of buildings have been proposed. However, the vast majority of these methodologies is focused on the assessment of the impacts of the urban environment of large centers on the surroundings. In order to evaluate the contribution to promote sustainability of buildings in rural environments by comparing the performance of traditional and alternative building systems, the present work proposes, using interest group surveys and the analysis of other evaluation methodologies and of application context, the creation of a decision aid method for choosing more sustainable building systems, which are aimed for rural housing of social interest. The proposed method is based on modeling built from Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), using the performance of the constructive system in four proposed aspects (“Ecological and Environmental”, “Social, Historical and Cultural”, “Economic and Financial” and “Technical and Performance”) as selection criteria. Due to the complexity and number of variables, a computational tool was built, using the Python programming language, to automate the processing of data. A case study was carried out to assess the model, in Assentamento Itamarati, located in the rural area of Ponta Porã-MS, Brazil. In this study, four wall solutions were compared (ceramic blocks, concrete blocks, compact soil-cement blocks and mechanically pressed compressed soil blocks). The soil-based systems had the best performance, of 29.00% and 26.30% for soil-cement blocks and compressed soil blocks, respectively, compared to the industrialized ceramic (22.63%) and concrete (22.07%) blocks. It is noticeable, from the results, that the proposed methodology presents itself as a viable solution for the implementation of constructive practices that contribute to the promotion of sustainability of buildings, customized to the reality of the countryside.
Effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy on resilience, mental happiness and hardiness in the mothers suffering from type 2 diabetes

هدیکچ یو خررناها ی خررا اه ربه اه اررضاح شهوژپ تب ثم خنام د اه اگن بات ،ی وآ خمایدارررش و خنهذ خه یررسن ی دام تهاید اچد ماجنی ود ع ن . تفاگ حاط اه خنیامزآ همین اضاح شهوژپ شو شیپ مزآ سپ آ مز . د ه هی گ هواگ اه ی دام دماررش ،اررضاح شهوژپ ی امآ هعماج تهاید اچد ارررا د یاتت اتررش 1396 هن من شو زی شهوژپ نیی د . د ه یایگ ایغ خلامیحی . بش هدافیای خفداصت ش امگ و سایاد د نیبه ت ص ی نیه زی ه هعجیام خیهاید ی دام دیبعت ، یاتت خنام د زییام هه هبننی 30 افن هه ت ررص سایرراد د اه و بااینی هواگ د خفدارررصت ش امگ هواگ و شیامزآ یاه د هام هرررا خط ی خررشز مآ هلخیبم شیامزآ هواگ . بنیفاگ یاق اینی 10 هررسلج 90 هقیقد . بند من تفای د یی همانررنررااپ یاه ید م هدافیررا نیی د دماش شهوژپ خمایداش خنهذ ( ،کی داف و ای 1997 هماننااپ ،) خه یسن ( ، ی اکمه و اا اه ی 1979 و ) بات سایقم ی وآ ( ، س ید ید و انای 2003 ) هدید . د ه اه دیلحت ه یش هه سنای یو ی مان طا ت ی امآ یزفی 23 SPSS د م هیزجت دیلحتو . تفاگ یاق هدید دیلحت زی درررصاح جیای ن هی دید ارررنن اه یو تبثم خنام د اه اگن خمایداش بات ،خنهذ و ی وآ خه یس ن ی دام د اچ تهاید ا ؤم تای هد ه ( P<0.001 .) هیفای ساای اه خم اضاح شهوژپ یاه ی ت یو هی تفاگ هجیین نینچ تبثم خنام د خم اگن بنی ت هه ی نع ی ام د ک فی تتج بمآ ای شییز خمایداررش بات ،خنهذ و ی وآ خه یررسن ی دام اچد تهاید هدافیاید م . دایگ
POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE SWIMMING CRAB PORTUNUS SANGUINOLENTUS IN THE WATERS OFF NORTHERN TAIWAN

Abstract The growth, mortality, and reproduction of Portunus sanguinolentus were studied using size-frequency data obtained from crabs collected in pots in the waters off northern Taiwan from October 2000 to March 2001, and October 2001 to January 2002. The Bhattacharya's method and seasonal von Bertalanffy growth curve were used to estimate growth parameters. The growth curve for males was Lt = 204.75×{1 −e–[0.87t + 0.4(0.87/2 )sin2 (t)]} and the curve for females was Lt = 194.25×{1 −e–[0.97t + 0.4(0.97/2 )sin2 (t)]}. A size-converted catch curve was used to estimate the instantaneous total mortality rate (Z), and Pauly's empirical equation was used to estimate the instantaneous natural mortality rate (M). For males, Z = 3.16/year and M = 1.65/year. For females, Z = 3.37/year and M = 1.8/year. The instantaneous fishing mortality rate (F) was 1.51/year and 1.57/year, and the exploitation rate (E) was 0.48 and 0.47 for males and females, respectively. The exponential relationships were presented for relationships of fecundity in number and weight of egg mass in terms of carapace width and body weight. Those relationships were statistically significant (P < 0.01), indicating that the fecundity increased with the size from 4.05 × 105 to 2.44 × 106 eggs.
Preparing School Leaders for America's Wicked Problems? How the Revised PSEL and NELP Standards Address Equity and Justice.

The past 20 years have seen a shift in school leaders’ work that can best be characterized by an increasing complexity in expectations and greater demands for accountabilities. Educational leadership preparation programs and professional associations responded to these shifts, in part, with the development and proliferation of standards for both pre-service (ELCC and NELP) and practicing (ISLLC and PSEL) educational leaders. Both sets of standards have undergone significant Education Policy Analysis Archives Vol. 27 No. 115 SPECIAL ISSUE 2 revision in the last five years, largely in response to shifts in the work required of school administrators in today’s 21st century schools. However, what remains an open empirical question is whether the leadership standards are robust and pragmatic enough to tackle the various educational issues that school leaders face. In other words, do various school leadership standards prepare and assess school administrators appropriately? Using the wicked problems framework, we examine the extent to which the revised PSEL and NELP standards capture the challenging work required for school leaders to act as inclusive leaders and “equity-oriented change agents” (Maxwell, Locke, & Scheurich, 2013, p. 1). We utilize qualitative content analysis (Weber, 1990) to analyze the content of the leadership standards, focusing in particular on the ways those standards represent evolving conceptions of equity and justice. These analyses suggest that although both sets of standards have changed considerably from their predecessors, they may not go far enough to help leaders determine how to implement the proper administrative authority to solve complex issues. This is particularly true as it relates to the persistent, wicked equity problems facing our schools.
Two new flea records from Guatemala: Pulex simulans and Echidnophaga gallinacea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), and their host-parasite relationship

The order Siphonaptera is divided into 16 families and includes 242 genera, and 2005 species (Krasnov, 2008). Although fleas serve as vectors of many zoonotic diseases, together with other hematophagous parasites they also are considered integral parts of the ecosystem, playing a key role on their host species fitness (Durden and Keirans, 1996; Durden and Traub, 2002; Eckerlin, 2006; Krasnov, 2008). There is accumulated evidence that when parasite species diversity increases, ecosystem functioning improves (Hudson et al., 2006). Altizer et al. (2007) demonstrated the negative effects of threatened species on the diversity of their respective parasites (helmints, protozoans, and viruses). The geographical location between septentrional and meridional hemispheres provides ecological conditions that make Guatemala a mega-diverse country. Mexico and Panama, have reported 138 flea species and 37 species respectively, which could indicate that Guatemala has still many species to report in addition to the 24 species reported so far, since not enough sampling effort has been done (Tipton and Mendez, 1966; Acosta and Morrone, 2003; Eckerlin, 2006). In
Canopy- and Ground-Dwelling Predatory Arthropods in Commercial Bt and non-Bt Cotton Fields: Patterns and Mechanisms

Abstract Abundance of canopy- and ground-dwelling predators was monitored in three pairs of commercial Bt and non-Bt cotton fields (5–15 ha) during three successive seasons using three sampling methods: bagged whole plants, drop cloth samples, and pitfall traps. Samples were taken throughout each growing season. Insecticides were applied to manage pests when economic thresholds were exceeded in both cotton types. Of 1,518 possible date-by-date orthogonal contrasts used to evaluate abundance of predators in all sampling methods, analysis of variance generated 23 contrasts with greater abundance in non-Bt and 20 with greater abundance in Bt cotton, comprising nine taxa. When data from all three seasons were pooled for each sampling method, only six contrasts comprising five taxa were significant, with two favoring Bt (Nabis spp. in whole plant inspections and spiders in drop cloths) and four favoring non-Bt cotton [Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville in drop cloths and whole plant inspections and lady beetle eggs and Geocoris uliginosus (Say) in whole plant inspections]. The shift in abundance of canopy-dwelling taxa—especially coccinellids—between Bt and non-Bt cotton fields was likely associated with insecticide use. Analyses of predator community dynamics using principal response curves showed that the abundance of ground-dwelling predators was not affected by cotton type, whereas abundance of canopy predators varied across seasons with no particular trend for either cotton type. The abundance of predators across 3 yr in cotton fields with standard grower practices failed to exhibit any negative impact of Bt cotton on predator populations.
Spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum with Syzygium jambolanum DC leaf extracts

A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum in industrial materials has been developed using the leaf extract of Syzygium jambolanum DC based on the reaction of Mo (VI) at pH 7.0 to produce an orange-yellow complex with an absorption maximum at 426 nm. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 4.27 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1) and the absorbance, is linear in the range 0.05-0.8 ppm. Sandell sensitivity coefficient was found to be 2.25 x 10(-3) mu g/cm(2). The method is ten times more sensitive than the aqueous thiocyanate system. It has been applied successfully in micronutrient fertilizer, artificial freshwater and sea-water analyses.
A Method for Rearing the Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the Laboratory

Abstract The purpose of the experiments presented in this paper was to investigate methods for rearing larvae and pupae of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, on rice plants in a laboratory in the absence of mud. Rearing containers were developed in which larvae were reared in a layer of rice roots in water. When mating pairs of adult weevils were used to infest plants, these methods were sufficient to rear weevils from eclosion of eggs to the final instar. When neonates were used to infest rice seedlings in the rearing containers, over 40% of the infesting larvae in two repetitions developed to the 3rd or 4th instar; this rate of survival was not significantly different than survival rates of larvae reared in mud. When 3rd instars were individually reared in water in test tubes with rice plants, 55.0% of the insects were alive and developing normally on the 15th day after infestation. Other experiments demonstrated that late-instar larvae and pupae of the rice water weevil may be reared in vermiculite rather than in mud. The experimental results suggest that the methods introduced in this paper for rearing the rice water weevil in water and vermiculite are appropriate for the production of test insects for a variety of experiments in the laboratory.