Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colour variation in the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii and its economic impact on the commercial industry

Abstract Southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii varies in shell coloration throughout southern Australia. Predominantly exported as a live product to Asian markets, price is influenced by colour with prices higher for dark red than paler coloured lobsters, which are discounted. This paper explores spatial and depth variation in shell colour for the Tasmanian, South Australian and Victorian fisheries using catch sampling data. The proportion of red lobsters decreased with depth and was prevalent at depths less than 30 m, whereas paler coloured lobsters dominated the deeper depth ranges. The depth of transition where 50% of lobsters were classified as red showed a weak trend of increase with latitude from southern Tasmania to northern South Australia. Under quota management, lobster colour was a significant driver of fleet dynamics as fishers target areas of high price per unit. Consequently, catches of pale lobsters from greater depths remain low despite the high catch rates in these areas. The colour price differential varies seasonally (higher in summer) so fishers increase supply of pale lobsters during winter. Discounting on colour equates to AUS$6.67 million/year for the Tasmanian Fishery alone, which indicates value from management or marketina research to reduce discountina.
Estudio de diversidad genética del aguacate nativo en Nuevo León, México

RESUMEN El estado de Nuevo Leon en Mexico es centro de origen de Per-sea americana Mill. spp. drymifolia , como lo evidencian los vestigios de frutos encontrados en cuevas de la Sierra Madre Oriental. En este estado aun es posible encontrar plantas creciendo en habitat silvestre y con caracteristicas contrastantes a las de las variedades nativas que se cultivan en huertas familiares y de traspatio. Esta diversidad representa una fuente valiosa de genes y combinaciones geneticas que puede utilizarse en programas de mejoramiento de Persea. Debido a que esta diversidad genetica no se ha caracteriza-do, se planteo su estimacion en 42 arboles de aguacate nativo con base en caracteristicas de peso, longitud y diametro de fruto, peso, longitud y diametro de semilla y, longitud y diametro de la cavidad de la semilla, ademas de las relaciones longitud/diametro de fruto y peso de semilla/peso de fruto. De estas, solo los pesos de semilla y fruto, y las longitudes de cavidad de semilla y de fruto fueron clasi-ficatorios para la especie. Los resultados hicieron evidente que la clasificacion de la diversidad con estos caracteres morfologicos de frutos no quedo bien representada. Para evaluar de forma directa la diversidad genetica, se generaron AFLP que permitieron diferenciar cinco variedades en el analisis de agrupamiento; el no agrupamiento de variedades denominadas con el mismo nombre local permitio de-tectar diferencias geneticas dentro de variedades de la raza mexica-na. Cuando los datos moleculares se analizaron en forma conjunta con los datos morfologicos, se logro diferenciar once variedades, y se repitio el esquema de no agrupamiento de variedades con el mismo nombre local. La utilidad de los AFLP en el analisis de diversidad genetica entre variedades de
INFLUENCE OF BREED, SEX AND GROWTH HORMONE AND HALOTHANE GENOTYPES ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY TRAITS IN PIGS

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the growth hormone (GH) and halothane (Hal) genotypes, breed and sex on carcass and meat quality. Ninety-six pigs (Pietrain, Large White and Landrace) were dissected. For each breed, 16 were noncastrated males and 16 were females. The Pietrain animals presented the greatest lean meat percentage, the heaviest ham and shoulder and the lightest belly weight and fat thickness. Landrace presented the heaviest belly. Females presented the greatest drip loss; L*, b* and fat thickness; the heaviest ham and loin; and the lightest shoulder and tenderloin. Hal–NN and Nn presented greater loin weight than nn animals. Nn animals presented smaller belly weight than homozygotes. The nn animals presented greater drip loss than NN and Nn, and greater lean meat than NN. Interestingly, GH–D2D2 animals also showed higher drip loss than those with D1D1 genotype. This investigation presents relevant associations between important economic traits and specific GH and Hal genotypes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The identification of new molecular markers related to pig production has been increasing in importance, especially when these markers are related to carcass and meat quality traits, which are difficult to predict. When a marker is intensively used in a selection program, it reaches fixation, so it is important to identify new markers to replace it. This work shows, for the first time, the association of a GH polymorphism with an important meat quality trait and reinforces the possibility of its use in programs of marker-assisted selection.
Depletion of α-Tocopherol and Astaxanthin in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Affects Autoxidative Defense and Fatty Acid Metabolism

Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon post-smolts were fed four purified diets supplemented with both vitamin E and the carotenoid astaxanthin (Ax) (+E, +Ax), or supplemented with either vitamin E or Ax (-E, +Ax and +E, -Ax) or deficient in both vitamin E and Ax (-E, -Ax) for 22 wk. There were no effects of diet on growth rate, but an extensive lipoid liver degenerative lesion was observed in 15% of fish fed diets deficient in vitamin E. Tissue vitamin E concentrations varied in accordance with dietary vitamin E in liver, muscle, heart, plasma, brain and eye; levels were reduced to approximately 3% in liver but only to 40% in eye of fish fed diets deficient in vitamin E compared with those fed diets supplemented with vitamin E. An interactive sparing of Ax supplementation on tissue vitamin E concentration was observed, but only in brain. Dietary deficiency of both vitamin E and Ax significantly increased the recovery of desaturated and elongated products of both [1-(14)C] 18:3(n-3) and [1-(14)C] 20:5(n-3) in isolated hepatocytes, suggesting that conversion of fatty acids to their long-chain highly unsaturated products can be stimulated by a deficiency of lipid-soluble antioxidants. The antioxidant synergism of vitamin E and Ax was supported by their ability to reduce malondialdehyde formation in an in vitro stimulation of microsomal lipid peroxidation and to reduce plasma levels of 8-isoprostane. The results of this study suggest that both vitamin E and the carotenoid Ax have antioxidant functions in Atlantic salmon.
Effects of environmental factors on growth and sclerotium formation in Aspergillus ochraceus

The effects of carbohydrates, amino acids, sulphur-containing compounds, temperature, pH, and light on growth and sclerotium production in Aspergillus ochraceus were studied. The maximal number of sclerotia was formed on medium containing sucrose at a concentration of 2 × 10−1 M, while on the lactose, galactose, and arabinose media no sclerotia were formed and poor mycelial growth was observed. Among the amino acids tested, glutamic acid (10−2 M) enhanced sclerotium formation, whereas there was complete inhibition when methionine (10−2 M) and ethionine (10−2 M) were added. Good production of sclerotia occurred on medium containing glutathione in all concentrations tested. Among the other sulphur-containing compounds tested, only sodium thiosulphate at a concentration of 10−1 M inhibited sclerotium formation without inhibition of mycelial growth. The pH at which sclerotia were formed ranged from 4.0 to 9.0. There was no growth at pH 3.0, and normal mycelial growth without sclerotium production occurred at .
Ants of the Islas Murciélago: An Inventory of the Ants on Tropical Dry Forest Islands in Northwest Costa Rica

We conducted the first inventory of ants on the Islas Murciélago, Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) of Costa Rica. We conducted this study on a chain of seven islands and a nearby mainland site, southwest of the Santa Elena Peninsula, northwestern Costa Rica. We collected ants during three different seasons throughout one year, using three techniques; pitfall traps, Winkler sacks, and opportunistic collecting by hand. We determined ant species richness and composition for all islands and the mainland site. We also evaluated the relationship between island area, distance from the mainland, and relative vegetation cover with the number of ant species recorded on each island. We found a total of 50 species of ants on the Islas Murciélago and 34 species on the mainland (combining results from standardized and non-standardized sampling). Thirteen species of ants found on the mainland were not recorded from the Islands. Distance and area did not explain ant species richness on the Islands. Ant species composition varied for each island, and we documented fluctuations in ant presence throughout different seasons. We found two exotic species on the Islands, but in relatively low abundances and coexisting with other species. Considering the extreme seasonality of the Islas Murciélago and the desert-like environment in the dry season, we found a higher number of ant species than we expected. It is unclear what factors best explain patterns of species richness and composition on the Islands, though human impacts likely contribute.
Determination of Seroprevalence of Listeria Monocytogenes Antibodies in Cattle in Bursa Province of Turkey

Bu calismada Bursa bolgesindeki sigirlarda L. monocytogenes antikor seroprevalansinin belirlenmesi amaclandi. Calismada Bursa bolgesinde 6 farkli ilceden rasgele secilen Holstein irki, 1-5 yasli, saglikli 209 sigirin klinik muayeneleri yapildi ve kan ornekleri alindi. Surudeki hayvan sayisi (suru boyutu) ve silajla beslenen hayvanlar kaydedildi. L. monocytogenes antikor duzeyleri Oesborn ve ark. tarafindan belirtilen aglutinasyon testi kullanilarak belirlendi. Tum sigirlarin hematolojik muayeneleri (total lokosit, eritrosit, hematokrit ve formul lokosit) yapildi. L. monocytogenes antikor duzeyi 1/100 ve uzeri olanlar seropozitif olarak kabul edildi. Iki yuz dokuz sigirin 101’inde (% 48.32) L. monocytogenes antikorlari belirlendi. Calismadaki sigirlarin 54’unde (% 25.8) 1/50, 74’unde (% 35.4) 1/100, 23’unde (% 11.0) 1/200 ve 4’unde (% 1.9) 1/400 duzeyinde antikor titresi belirlenirken, 54 sigirda (% 24.8) antikor saptanmadi. Disilerin % 53.7’sinin (58/108) erkeklerin % 42.5’inin (43/101) seropozitif oldugu belirlendi. Silajla beslenen sigirlarda seropozitiflik oraninin (% 57.5, 92/160), silajla beslenmeyenlerden (18.3%, 9/49) istatistiki olarak (p
Mongolian Rotifers (Rotifera, Monogononta) — a Checklist with Annotations on Global Distribution and Autecology

ABSTRACT. A list of monogonont rotifers that have so far been found in Mongolia has been compiled, based on recent collections and previously published records. For all species, detailed information is provided on their occurrence in Mongolia, along with notes on their world distribution and autecology. To date, 246 species and infraspecific taxa in 55 genera are known, including 16 potentially new, as yet undescribed species.
Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphological Evolution in Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae)

Abstract The cosmopolitan genus Nymphoides contains approximately 50 species that vary considerably in growth habit, inflorescence architecture, and in vegetative, floral, and seed morphology We undertook a phylogenetic study of 31 Nymphoides species, including all species native to Australia, to evaluate interspecific relationships and to infer the evolution of heterostyly and inflorescence architecture. Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data resolved several clades of species, but with poor branch support. Molecular data from nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK/trnK) DNA sequences were significantly incongruent regarding the phylogenetic placement of many clades and species. Two major clades were resolved consistently: a clade sister to N. minima and the clade comprising these two lineages. Incongruent phylogenetic placements of several Nymphoides species were attributed to putative ancestral hybridization that produced conflicting phylogenetic signals between the maternally inherited cpDNA and the biparentally inherited nuclear DNA (subsequently homogenized to a single allelic variant by concerted evolution). Ancestral character state reconstruction indicated that the first Nymphoides species were heterostylous, followed by four independent transitions to homostyly and up to four subsequent reversions back to heterostyly. The evolutionary history of dioecy and gynodioecy could not be ascertained with confidence, owing to incomplete taxon sampling, poor resolution of crown clades, and incongruence between nuclear and plastid sequence data. Ancestral state reconstruction also indicated that the expanded inflorescence morphology found in several Australian and tropical Asian Nymphoides species represents the ancestral condition for the genus, from which a condensed morphology (found in most other Nymphoides species worldwide) evolved independently at least twice.
Manufacturing processes for ceramic and metal micro-components

The development of microfabrication techniques through the past years has led to a diversity of miniaturized mechanical and electromechanical components and systems. These microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can vary from relatively simple structures to highly sophisticated systems. Typical applications of MEMS include accelerometers for automobile airbags, pressure and biomedical sensors, ink jet printers, drug delivery systems, blood analyzers, micromirrors for high-definition optical displays, wireless electronics, and microheat exchangers for cooling of electronic circuits [1, 2]. This has been supported by the increase in the global market of MEMS devices. The global market for MEMS devices and production equipment was worth $11.7 billion in 2014. This market is expected to hit $12.8 billion in 2015 and $21.9 billion by 2020 [3]. Probably the first allusion to the idea of MEMS was made by the physicist Dr Richard Feynman in his famous talk titled, “There’s plenty of room at the bottom” on 29th December 1959 [4]. Following this, Petersen [5] suggested the use of silicon as the material for micromechanical structures, which is considered the foundation for the current MEMS technology. During the 1990s, the development of MEMS nourished significantly as a result of the innovations created during the integrated circuit (IC) revolution of the 1960s–1980s concerning processes, equipment, and materials. From this, MEMS technology has been applied
Seed source impacts germination and early establishment of dominant grasses in prairie restorations

Summary Land managers choose seed from a variety of provenances for restoration projects. By selecting seed of the local ecotype, managers can increase establishment in the short term and prevent the disruption of local adaptations and genetic swamping in the long term. However, local seed may be disadvantageous if populations are inbred or maladapted to managed restoration environments. Seed selection may be further confounded by propagation methods. Three dominant C4 grasses, Andropogon gerardii, Bouteloua curtipendula and Sorghastrum nutans, from three types of seed provenances (remnant, restoration and nursery) were planted as seeds and plugs into experimental plots at three established tallgrass prairie restorations in western Minnesota, USA. Using a common garden design, we tested whether (i) provenance and (ii) site of planting influence germination and first-season survival and growth both (iii) for seeds directly planted in the field and for transplants (plugs). Seed provenance impacted germination and seedling survival in all cases, except S. nutans seeded directly in the field. Andropogon gerardii and B. curtipendula nursery seedlings were consistently taller than those of the other provenance types. When directly seeded, germination, survival and vigour differed among restoration sites; however, the results were species specific. Sorghastrum nutans germination varied among sites depending on provenance, indicating that this species may be particularly sensitive to environmental conditions. Germination was 3–12 times greater for plugs than for seeds directly planted in the field in summer, but mortality after planting in the field was low for both groups. Synthesis and applications. Provenance and restoration site had varying effects among species, indicating that the dominant C4 grasses used in this study ought not to be considered ecological equivalents. While we found little evidence of local adaptation, use of local remnant seeds diminishes the risk of spreading maladapted genotypes. Germination limited establishment when sowing seeds directly in summer. Supplemental use of plugs may increase species diversity in restorations.
Selecting Loci for Genetic Stock Identification Using Maximum Likelihood, and the Connection with Curvature Methods

Maximum likelihood theory is used to predict the precision of genetic stock identification composition estimators — prior to collection of the mixed fishery sample. It is shown how this allows the researcher to plan the genetic stock identification study, through specification of sample size and choice of genetic data to assay, so as to maximize estimator precision. The curvature methodology used in Gomulkiewicz et al. (1990. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 611–619) is shown to be closely related to the maximum likelihood approach. In that study, interpretation of results is complicated by the use of an overparametrized curvature measure. Here it is shown that when applied to an appropriately parametrized likelihood function the curvature methodology reproduces the maximum likelihood theory.
How αβ T cells deal with induced TCRα ablation

On deletion of the gene encoding the constant region of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)α chain in mature T cells by induced Cre-mediated recombination, the cells lose most of their TCR from the cell surface within 7–10 days, but minute amounts of surface-bound TCRβ chains are retained for long periods of time. In a situation in which cellular influx from the thymus is blocked, TCR-deficient naïve T cells decay over time, the decay rates being faster for CD8+ cells (t1/2 ≈ 16 days) than for CD4+ cells (t1/2 ≈ 46 days). TCR+ naïve cells are either maintained (CD8+) or decay more slowly (CD4+; t1/2 ≈ 78 days.) Numbers of TCR-deficient memory T cells decline very slowly (CD8+ cells; t1/2 ≈ 52 days) or not at all (CD4+ cells), but at the population level, these cells fail to expand as their TCR+ counterparts do. Together with earlier data on T cell maintenance in environments lacking appropriate major histocompatibility complex antigens, these data argue against the possibility that spontaneous ligand-independent signaling by the αβTCR contributes significantly to T-cell homeostasis.
Macroalgal competition and invasive success: testing competition in mixed canopies of Sargassum muticum and Saccharina latissima

Abstract The invasive fucoid Sargassum muticum is currently consolidating its occupation of subtidal fringe habitat in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. The native laminiarian Saccharina latissima is the dominant species historically associated with the invaded habitat. The competitive interaction between Sargassum and Saccharina and its ultimate outcome is therefore of considerable consequence for the subtidal communities in Strangford Lough. To examine competition between adult macroalgae, a replacement series methodology was used to quantify intra- and inter-specific competition for light in the process of canopy over-growth. Competitive effects were not apparent for Saccharina, whereas Sargassum grew better mixed with Saccharina and at low densities, suggesting intra-specific competition is strong in this species. These results suggest increases in Sargassum will not affect adult stands of Saccharina.
Caracterização da assembléia de bactérias nitrificantes pelo método "fluorescent in situ hybridization" (fish) no biofilme e água de larvicultura do camarão-Rosa farfantepenaeus paulensis

Between November and December of 2002, one experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Mariculture of FURG University, Rio Grande – RS/Brazil, during the larviculture of the pink-shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Artificial substrates were added to the tanks for biofilm formation, and were daily collected and analyzed for chlorophyll a and abundance and composition of bacterial assemblage by the Fluorescent in situ hybridization-FISH technique. The same variables were also analyzed in water samples collected daily besides the concentration of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. Largest ammonium concentration were measured in the beginning of the larviculture experiment, reaching 413.98 μM and decreasing to 73.92 μM in the following days. A nitrogen mass balance showed that the largest uptake of nitrogen in the tanks resulted from nitrification process (22.3%). Nitrification/denitrification processes showed very important in the nitrogen elimination on larviculture tanks, the 39% of the ammonium was eliminated of the water for this way. The concentration of nitrogen compounds influenced the composition of the bacterial assemblage in the biofilm and water, with the predominance of b- and g-proteobacteria groups, related to the ammonium variation, whereas the a-proteobacteria were related to the nitrite variation.
Anamorphic fungi from French Guyana. Septomyrothecium maraitiense sp nov and S. setiramosum comb. nov (anamorphic Hypocreales, Ascomycota)

Septomyrothecium maraitiense sp. nov., isolated from a decaying leaf in French Guyana, South America, is described and illustrated. The species is compared to Septomyrothecium uniseptatum and Myrothecium setiramosum, and the latter is transferred into Septomyrothecium.
Socioeconomic diagnosis of the 2010 jumbo squid artisanal fishery near Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Between January and August of 2010 the southwestern side of the Baja California peninsula in Baja California Sur, Mexico experienced a temporary intense growth of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas). We documented the resulting fishery phenomenon by conducting interviews with 110 artisanal fishermen in the community of Puerto San Carlos using a structured paper interview instrument that employed qualitative research methods to better understand the economic, demographic, and geographical catch and fleet characteristics of this fishery. We also conducted six semi-structured interviews with seafood buyer-exporters. Data show that squid fisherman temporarily migrated to Puerto San Carlos from Santa Rosalia, B. C. S. , Sonora, and Sinaloa where the artisanal jumbo squid fishery is rooted. Fishermen from Puerto San Carlos, Adolfo Lopez Mateos, and various inland B. C. S. communities found economic opportunity in the abundance of squid near Magdalena Bay. The Catch Per Unit Effort was 0.57 (+/? 0.29) t of squid per day, limited only by the size of boats. Product exporters paid as much as 6 mexican pesos/kilo ($0.50 USD) at the onset of the fishery in January and February, and prices lowered to 2.5-3.0 mexican pesos/kilo ($0.25 USD) during summer months. This research also identified the shipping routes of squid from Mexico to Asian markets. Official fisheries data gathered by SAGARPA showed that Puerto San Carlos artisanal squid fleet caught and exported 19,208 metric t of squid in 2010, representing $4.8 million USD.