Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracolony variation in colony morphology in reassembled fossil ramose stenolaemate bryozoans from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of the Cincinnati Arch region, USA

Abstract. Clusters of associated colony fragments discovered weathering out of bedding planes in the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati, Ohio, region provide a rare opportunity to quantify intracolony variation in ramose stenolaemate bryozoans. Sixteen colonies were reassembled as completely as possible from 198 fragments, and the following colony-level characters were measured: colony dimensions, branch link length and diameter, and branch order. Results indicate that branch link length and diameter systematically decrease as colonies grow via branch bifurcation. Branching ratio (i.e., the number of distal first-order branches divided by the number of immediately proximal second-order branches) appears to be more genetically than environmentally controlled and to be consistent among orders of stenolaemates and perhaps across the phylum. Colonies with endozones mined out by endoskeletozoans result in broken branches as opposed to pristine growing tips. This varies stratigraphically, perhaps in response to the distribution of the boring animals. The rarity of borers and the systematic proximal increase in branch diameter in these colonies suggest the zooids in the proximal portions of the colonies were alive at the time of colony death. If the time and effort can be invested in reassembling colonies, these morphometric data can then be applied to taxonomic, phylogenetic, and paleoenvironmental studies.
Bacteria associated to fruit bodies of the ecto-mycorrhizal fungus Tuber borchii Vittad

A microbial population was isolated from young sporocarps of Tuber borchii Vittad. to study its possible role in ascus opening. The bacteria in the sporocarps had a mean value of 1Q6 CFU I g and were generally found in quantities higher than that found in the bulk soil (103). In the sporocarps examined the predominant bacteria were Pseudomonas fluorescens (30% of the total population) and sporeforming, gram-positive, bacteria (15% of total). These bacterial species were tested to evaluate their capacity to degrade cellulose and chitin, the most important components of the hyphal walls. Ultrastructural examination of the tested sporocarps revealed the presence of bacteria in the interhyphal space, a portion of which were embedded in the ascus wall. It is suggested that the presence of Pseudomonas strains and Bacillaceae in T. borchii Vittad. sporocarps could be related to their chitinolytic and cellulolytic activities, which could in turn be involved in ascus opening and, perhaps, in spore germination.
The occurrence of Tubakia dryina in Poland – new hosts and ITS variation

Summary This study describes a preliminary investigation of the occurrence of Tubakia dryina in Poland, based on fungal isolations from symptomless leaves and from necrotic areas of leaf blades of Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica and Tilia cordata. Occurrence of T. dryina on leaves of the two latter species is reported for the first time. Frequency of incidence on different hosts varied between tree species, with the highest rate on oaks and the lowest on linden. The results also suggest the ubiquitous occurrence of T. dryina on oaks in Poland. This situation is in contrast to previous observations showing much lower frequency of this fungus in the past. A preliminary, ITS-based, analysis of genetic diversity among Polish isolates of T. dryina revealed the presence of two distinct haplotypes, both of which are widespread in Poland and occur on the same trees in most locations. No further genetic diversity was observed within either detected lineages using ITS analyses.
Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of long-tailed Shrike, Lanius schach (Aves: Laniidae)

Abstract The total length of mitochondrial genome of Lanius schach is 16 820 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 D-loop. The phylogenetic tree of L. schach and 12 other closely species belonging to order Passeriformes was built.
The Attention As a Key Element to Improve Tactical Behavior Efficiency of Young Soccer Players

The aim of this study was to examine the associations between attention and tactical behavior efficiency of young soccer players with similar formal practice time and competitive level. The sample consisted of 80 young male soccer players from Brazilian clubs. The Vienna Test System was used to assess players’ attention. The System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT) was used to assess players’ tactical behavior efficiency. The Generalized Linear Models were used to verify the associations between attention and tactical behavior efficiency. The results showed that attention is positively associated with tactical behavior efficiency of young soccer players. Based on the results, high levels of attention will enable young soccer players with similar formal practice time and competitive level to display better responses regarding the tactical actions of the game.
Niche-Targeted vs Conventional Finishing Programs for Beef Steers

Abstract Because of widespread interest in niche-marketing programs for finished beef cattle, 64 crossbred steers were used to evaluate implant ( IMP ) protocols and(or) antimicrobial feed additive (FA) combinations simulating restrictions encountered in niche programs on production and monetary returns. Steers were blocked by BW and assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with IMP (d-0 + d-63) vs no IMP ( NoIMP ) and FA (33 mg/kg monensin + 11 mg/kg tylosin) vs no additives ( NoFA ) as factors. Pen (8 steers per pen) was the experimental unit. Steers were fed 90% concentrate diets and marketed on a formula basis. No IMP × FA interactions were observed. Feed additives numerically improved production measures. Implants increased ADG (1.83 vs 1.51 kg/d; P 2 ; P
A Study on in vitro antiviral activities of lyophilized extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Hepatitis B Virus

The present study is to determine the effect of lyophilized extracts of different solvents of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Hepatitis B. The lyophilized plant extracts were collected and studied for its cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line and in vitro antiviral activity of these extracts was investigated by HBs Ag binding Inhibition Assay, Hepatitis B Virus DNA Polymerase Inhibition Assay using fluorescent probes. The results from Glycyrrhiza glabra were promising in acting as a potent antiviral agent.
Notes on hyphomycetes. LXXXVIII. New genera in which to classify Alysidium resinae and Pycnostysanus azaleae, with a consideration of Sorocybe

The novel generic name Phaeoblastophora is established for the anamorph presently best known as Alysidium resinae in light of significant differences between it and species classified in Haplotrichum, of which Alysidium is now considered a synonym. A new combination, Phaeoblastophora resinae, is made in accordance with the sanctioning of its basionym by Fries. Alysidium resinae var. microsporum is accorded species status within the genus as Phaeoblastophora peckii. Sorocybe resinae, the type species of Sorocybe, in both its synnematous and mononematous conidiophore states, is considered and compared. The nomenclatural status of Pycnostysanus azaleae is reviewed and the anamorph is transferred to a new genus, Seifertia, since it cannot be regarded as being congeneric with Sorocybe resinae. The four taxa are redescribed and illustrated.
Seeding rate and physiological quality of dual purpose wheat seeds

1 Department of Plant Science, Agronomy School Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 2 Departament of Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 3 Departament of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 4 Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 5 Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Dom Pedrito, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) Coupled with Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell for Size Determination of Nano-Colloids in Groundwater

Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a separation technique useful for analysis of nanoparticles and macromolecules based on their diffusion coefficients [1]. Among FFF subtechniques, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is the most universal technique useful for natural or manufactured nanoparticles, macromolecules and bio-nanoparticles. In FFF, an (or more) on-line detector is connected to the outlet of the FFF channel to produce informations on the sample, such as the particle size distribution. FFF has been combined with sensitive detectors such as light scattering (LS) [2], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [3] and laser-induced breakdown detector (LIBD) for characterization of trace amount of nano-colloids [4]. These detection methods have some disadvantages including high cost and operational difficulties. An UV-vis detector has also been used widely for detection of nanoparticles, proteins and biomacromolecules due to its low cost, convenience and operational simplicity. Recently, a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) connected to an UV-vis spectrophotometry was developed for improvement of detection sensitivity of trace organic and inorganic species using flow injection analysis [5]. In the present study, AF4-LWCC system was developed to improve the limit of detection (LOD) for analysis of nano-colloids. LWCC with longer path length than 1 cm is coupled with AF4 system to enhance the detection sensitivity. Also, online sample enrichment in the AF4 channel was performed to determine the size and size distributions of colloids in KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT) groundwater. 2. Method and Results
TARRAGON (Artemisia Dracunculus L.) “HAIRY” ROOT CULTURE PRODUCTION

Целью работы была разработка биотехнологии генетической трансформации растений эстрагона Artemisia dracunculus L. В качестве вектора был использован дикий штамм Аgrobacterium rhizogenes А4. Впервые получена культура «бородатых» корней эстрагона. Среди использованных эксплантов (корни, стебли, листья и гипокотили 14-суточных in vitro культивируемых проростков эстрагона) оптимальным типом оказались листья. При их использовании частота трансформации достигала 20%. Установлено, что важным биотехнологическим фактором, влияющим на частоту трансформации, является время кокультивирования эксплантов с агробактериями. Трансгенные линии корней отличались по морфологии и скорости роста. Прирост массы «бородатых» корней через три недели культивирования на безгормональной среде ½ Mурасиге-Скуга варьировал от 17 до 32 раз.
Decline of Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus breeding on arable farmland in relation to loss of spring tillage

Capsule A decrease in the area of spring tillage was not the primary cause of a decline to extinction of a local breeding population of Lapwing. Aims This study tested whether or not the availability of spring tillage limited the number of Lapwing settling on arable land and resulted in a population decline, the ‘spring tillage’ hypothesis. Two predictions from the hypothesis were tested: (i) that between-year differences in the numbers of Lapwing settling on tilled land tracked between-year differences in the area of spring tillage; (ii) that the saturation density was reached on tilled land in each year when birds were present. Methods Breeding birds, nests and fledged young were counted annually on arable land and adjacent grassland and non-agricultural habitats on part of the North Downs, Hampshire, between 1981 and 1995, except in 1987 and 1988. Data on crop development and field attributes were collected concurrently. Results The number of breeding pairs decreased to zero between 1981 and 1995. Over the same period, the area of spring tillage decreased by 40%. Tillage availability partially determined the distribution of fields used for nesting, but there was no evidence that it limited the number of Lapwing settling on tilled land, except in 1984 and, possibly, 1982. Neither prediction of the ‘spring tillage’ hypothesis was upheld. Annual production of fledged young was not sufficient to replace annual losses. Conclusion The decrease in the area of spring tillage did not account wholly for the decline in the numbers of Lapwing nesting on arable land in the study area. It is likely that the decline was due primarily to very low breeding success, which was not compensated by immigration.
Antiviral Substances in Raw Bovine Milk Active Against Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus

After experimental contamination of bovine raw and heat-treated milks with bovine rotavirus and coronavirus strains, we observed a strong viral inhibition only with raw milks, from which virus recovery was 5 × 10−4%. Between 30% and 80% of the virus was recovered from the heat-treated milks, depending on the level of inoculation. The antiviral substance is heat-labile (destroyed within 30 min at 100°C), precipitated by ammonium sulfate and filtrable (0.45μm Millipore membrane). It also has neutralizing activity on tissue culture.
Just when you thought you knew it all: New evidence for flexible breeding patterns in continental black-tailed godwits

Global climate change is rapidly altering the phenology and behaviour of species, leading to the occurrence of new and extreme trait values, especially among long-distance migratory birds. While infrequently published, the documentation and regular revision of the known spectrum of these trait values can be valuable for identifying the selective pressures acting on a population and influencing best management and conservation practices. Here we argue that the previously documented spectrum of reproductive behaviours in the rapidly declining Continental Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa limosa is in need of revision. Our data show that new extreme values for a number of reproductive traits occurred during the 2014 breeding season and that by almost every metric, 2014 had the longest laying period on record for the population. These findings suggest that godwit reproductive biology may be more flexible than previously thought and that this flexibility should be reflected by changes in European meadowbird policies.
Properties of a cryptic virus from pepper (Capsicum annuum)

A cryptic virus was purified from apparently healthy pepper (Capsicum annuum) cv. Jalapeno M and designated pepper cryptic virus-1 (PCV-1). The virus consisted of spherical particles (30 nm), a coat protein with a molecular weight of about 39 × 10 3 and two dsRNA components of 0.97 × 10 6 and 0.85 × 10 6 . PCV-1 was transmitted to the progeny 100% maternally and 30% through pollen. An RNA probe was generated from PCV-1 dsRNA and used in molecular hybridization studies. Sequence similarity was detected with the dsRNA of a putative cryptic virus from Hungarian Wax pepper
Evaluation of different resistant starch types for stimulating growth of the dominant lactic acid bacteria inhabiting human colon

Resistant starch (RS) refers to the portion of starch and starch products that resistant to digestion as it passes through the digestive system. The RS is subdivided into four types depending on its chemical structure: RS1 (physically inaccessible starch), RS2 (resistant granular starch), RS3 (retrograded starch), and RS4 (chemically modified starch), and considered as prebiotics that can be a supplement to the diet, leading to the growth stimulation of probiotics bacteria and the increase in intestinal concentrations of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) assumed to promote host health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of beneficial gut micro-flora isolated from human feces on three types of RS (RS2, RS3 and RS4). Two isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from fecal sample of healthy people at 20-40 years old, and performed their very good growth in the medium containing 1% of either RS2, RS3, RS4, or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a standard prebiotic, as carbon sources. All carbon substrates were treated through the digestive model system. The bacterial growth and pH changes were monitored, and fermentation products were determined. The growth of both bacterial isolates in the provided substrates at 20 hour cultivation reached to the maximum of 10^ 10 CFU/mL. The highest content of lactic acid, 10,410 ppm, was determined in the fermentation of glucose by Lactobacillus sp. RCF10. RS3 was served as the best substrate for producing SCFA compared to RS4, RS2, and FOS, respectively. The highest content of SCFA was butyric acid, 11,575 ppm, which was higher than propionic and acetic acids. RS3 reveals the promising cheap prebiotic beneficial to human health.
Genetic diversity of chickens

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of Norfa White breeder layers producing ∼200 eggs annually or ∼33 g egg/d to different protein levels of 17, 14, and 11% when 14 or 11% was fed without or with supplementations of Met and Lys only or with Arg, Thr, Val, He, and Trp, in the presence or absence of glutamic and glycine acid as non essential amino acids in the 1st trial. In the 2nd and 3rd trials, 14% CP vegetable or practical diet was fed without or with Met and Lys, or Met, Lys, and Arg, or Met, Lys and Trp supplementation. A positive control diet containing 17% CP was also included. Results indicated that a minimum protein level of 14% CP supplemented with Met and Lys is required to achieve comparable egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed/ egg mass ratio or feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg quality parameters as well as fertility, hatchability and weight of day-old chicks as those of the 17% CP diet. Diet containing 11% CP supplemented with Met, Lys, without or with Arg, Thr, Val, Ile, and Trp exhibited insignificantly less favorable FCR than 17% or 14% CP diet supplemented with Met and Lys. Addition of Arg over Met and Lys to 14% CP diet decreased egg mass significantly of hens receiving 14% CP vegetable diet in comparison to the same diet supplemented with Met and Lys only. While, Trp addition significantly reduced egg mass of hens fed 14% CP containing animal protein supplements as compared to groups fed diets supplemented with Met and Lys or Met, Lys, and Arg. Feeding 14% CP supplemented with Met and Lys resulted in higher economic efficiency than the 17% CP diet. Apart from this, nitrogen excretion will be reduced by ∼4.0% for each percentage decrease in CP level, providing a tool for reducing pollution related to nitrogen excretion. From the results of the present study it was concluded that at a daily feed intake of 85 g/d and an egg mass production of 33 g/d the protein level of a layer diet can be reduced to 14% provided the diet is adequately supplemented with Met and lysine.
Some Bioactive Constituents, Antioxidant, and Antimutagenic Activities in the Leaves of Ipomoea batatas Lam. Genotypes

The sweetpotato leaves are rich in phytonutrients such as polyphenolics, vitamins, protein, iron, calcium, and zinc. The sweetpotato is also selected by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration to develop in a controlled ecological life provision system as a key food basis. Therefore to find out suitable genotypes with higher phytonutrients contents and the physiological functions were compared in leaves of sixty sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) genotypes. Total phenol, carotenoid, anthocyanin and flavonoids contents of the sweetpotato leaves ranged from 2.0 to 22.5 (g/100g DW), 0.9 to 23.4 (beta carotene equivalents/100g; BET/100g), 2.2 to 24.5 (color value/g DW) and 62.8 to 272.2 (catechin equivalents; µg/g), respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) namely caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA), 4,5-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, 3,4-diCQA and 3,4,5-triCQA of the genotypes were 124.9%, 83.9%, 76.1%, 83.2%, 104.4% and 96.5%, respectively. The fallouts demonstrate that radical scavenging activity (RSA) broadly fluctuate among the genotypes (0.21-2.3 µmole Trolox/mg DW). Antimutagenicity in the leaves was explored using the Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The genotypes effectively decreased the reverse mutation induced by Trp-P-1, and the mutagenic activities were dose dependent. Furthermore, the caffeic acid derivatives also capable of reduced the reverse mutation persuaded by Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, IQ, and DEGB extract of grilled beef. Among the CAD, the 3, 4, 5-tri-CQA significantly higher earmarked the reverse mutation followed by 4-5 di-CQA. Sweetpotato leaves had a high concentration of naturally active biological compounds that show significant physiological functions, which might have values in the anticipation of certain human health conditions.
Efficient Ploidy Determination of Anther-derived Broccoli

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group) breeders routinely use anther or microspore culture to produce doubled-haploid (DH), homozygous lines. In addition to DH (diploid) regenerants, haploid, triploid, tetraploid, octaploid, and aneuploid regenerants may also result from anther culture. Thus, regenerated populations must be screened to identify the diploids, which are the only regenerants likely to set seed and serve as inbred lines. DNA flow cytometry is a useful procedure to determine ploidy of anther-derived regenerants. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of plant stage and sampling procedures on ploidy determination by flow cytometry. Anther-derived plants were analyzed at both seedling and mature plant stages. In separate tests, leaves were sampled on a given date, and stability of flow cytometry preparations were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after preparation. In addition, the stability of ploidy readings of excised leaves stored at 4 °C was examined over a 7-day period. In 139 out of 140 comparative assays there was no effect of plant stage on ploidy determination. Flow cytometry preparations stored at 4 °C gave consistent ploidy determinations up to 2 days after they were made, but some instability was observed by 4 and 7 days. Refrigerated leaves were more stable than nuclei preparations, and ploidy determinations did not differ from the first sampling through storage for 7 days. Results indicate that broccoli breeders could make flow cytometry preparations on site and send them offsite for flow cytometry analysis as long as analysis was completed within 1 or 2 days of sample preparation. More consistent results would be obtained by refrigerating leaves and sending them offsite for preparation and analysis at the offsite location.
Rotifer-Size Selectivity and Optimal Feeding Density of Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus thynnus, Larvae

: Rotifer-size selectivity and the optimal feeding density were examined for reared bluefin tuna larvae. Larvae were obtained from the broodstocks raised for 11 years in captivity. Larvae were fed rotifers at 5 different densities, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 ind. /ml, on the day of the commencement of feeding (3 days after hatching) and the next day. In these experiments, rearing at the feeding densities of 10 and 20 ind. /ml was extended to 7 days after hatching. Larvae were sampled and the gut contents were examined. The average rotifer number eaten by the larvae was lower at the density of 5 ind. /ml than at other densities on the morning of day 3, and was lower at the density of 40 ind. /ml on day 4 after hatching. This means that the optimal range of feeding density of rotifers for bluefin tuna larvae is from 10 to 30 ind. /ml at the initial feeding. The lorica length (LL) of rotifers positively selected by larvae ranged from 100μm to 239μm from day 3 to 7 after hatching, and the lorica width (LW) ranged from 80 to 179μm. The