Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PI3Kγ signaling promotes Campylobacter jejuni induced colitis through neutrophil recruitment in mice

Crypt abscesses caused by excessive neutrophil accumulation are prominent features of human campylobacteriosis and its associated pathology. The molecular and cellular events responsible for this pathological situation are currently unknown. We investigated the contribution of PI3Kγ signaling in Campylobacter jejuni-induced neutrophil accumulation and intestinal inflammation. Germ-free and specific pathogen free Il10−/−and germ-free Il10−/−; Rag2−/− mice were infected with C. jejuni (109 CFU/mouse). PI3Kγ signaling was manipulated using either the pharmacological PI3Kγ inhibitor AS252424 (i.p. 10 mg/kg daily) or genetically using Pi3γ−/− mice. After up to 14 days, inflammation was assessed histologically and by measuring levels of colonic Il1β, Cxcl2 and Il17a mRNA. Neutrophils were depleted using anti-Gr1 antibody (i.p. 0.5 mg/mouse/every 3 days). Using germ-free Il10−/−; Rag2−/− mice, we observed that innate immune cells are the main cellular compartment responsible for campylobacteriosis. Pharmacological blockade of PI3Kγ signaling diminished C. jejuni-induced intestinal inflammation, neutrophil accumulation and NF-κB activity, which correlated with reduced Il1β (77%), Cxcl2 (73%) and Il17a (72%) mRNA accumulation. Moreover, Pi3kγ−/− mice pretreated with anti-IL-10R were resistant to C. jejuni-induced intestinal inflammation compared to Wt mice. This improvement was accompanied by a reduction of C. jejuni translocation into the colon and extra-intestinal tissues and by attenuation of neutrophil migratory capacity. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion attenuated C. jejuni-induced crypt abscesses and intestinal inflammation. Our findings indicate that C. jejuni-induced PI3Kγ signaling mediates neutrophil recruitment and intestinal inflammation in Il10−/− mice. Selective pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ may represent a novel means to alleviate severe cases of campylobacteriosis, especially in antibiotic-resistant strains.
Observed Following Contamination by the Pathogen of Task Halo " Pyrenophoratrirtici-repentis " or Heavy Metal " Copper " in Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf )

The plant, like any living organism, is influenced throughout its life by the climatic and non-climatic conditions of the environment. These conditions will ensure either an environment favorable to growth and development or subject to abiotic or biotic stresses that will disrupt its metabolism. The essential objective of our study is to understand the adaptive strategies of the plant with respect to biotic and abiotic stress caused by the pathogen of a cryptogamic disease "the halo spot" or a heavy metal: The copper. In this context, a sampling of the infested plants (Triticum durum, Desf., VarSimeto) was carried out to assess its toxicity according to the severity of the contamination, which is determined according to the number of tasks on the leaves (Uncontaminated, low, medium, and severe contamination) for biotic stress and as a function of increasing concentrations of Copper sulphate (0, 200, 400, 800 μM) for metal stress. Copper is a heavy metal necessary for the development of plants, since it is one of the nutrients essential to the functioning of certain vital cycles. Beyond a certain threshold, it becomes toxic and causes biochemical changes. The results obtained show a toxic effect, which is manifested by a strong increase in the level of proteins and of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in the lipid and glutathione (GSH) levels. On the other hand, a very significant induction of the enzymatic activities Ascorbate-peroxydase (APX) and glutathion S-transferase (GST) intervening in the system of defense of the plant. All these results show the presence of an oxidative stress generated by both types of stress.
A Transcranial Doppler Study

Background and Purpose Transcranial Doppler measurements of blood flow velocity permit an assessment of variations in intracraniaJ hemodynamics in response to acute arterial pressure variations. The purpose of this study was to scan healthy volunteers and patients with autonomic failure for differences in cerebral hemodynamic patterns under an acute hypotensive stimulus. Methods We used transcranial Doppler monitoring of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood pressure and heart rate before, during, and after acute arterial hypotension induced by reactive hyperemia of the lower limbs. Results After maximum hypotension, the mean blood flow velocity was higher in the healthy volunteers than in the patients. In the healthy subjects mean velocity rose significantly (P<.01) higher than arterial blood pressure after 30 seconds and 60 seconds; in the patients mean velocity and
Mediating Influence of Satisfaction on Reputation, Relationship Benefits and Student Loyalty in Private Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia

Malaysian private higher education institutions are currently operating in a competitive education market. Their profitability and viability are being compromised by uncertain levels of student loyalty. Therefore, it is imperative for managers of private higher education institutions to be aware of the drivers of their students’ loyalty. This study aims to investigate the significant effects of reputation (university management, academic and media reputation) and relationship benefits on student loyalty in private higher education institutions in Malaysia and to determine the mediating effects of satisfaction on the aforementioned relationships. The methodology utilises primary data obtained from questionnaire administered to a sample of 400 students from several private higher education institutions using stratified random probability sampling. Multiple regression technique and mediation analyses were employed to analyse the data via SPSS statistical package. The results revealed that reputation and relationship benefits had significant effects on student loyalty. Empirical evidence concludes that university management and relationship benefits have significant effects on students’ loyalty, whilst academic and media reputation did not. Satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between the independent variables and student loyalty. The study concludes with the discussion and implications, as well as limitations and suggestions for future research.
Disfluencies in debate genre: A Case of world university students debate championship

Department of English, Gombe State University – Nigeria E-mail: buluswayar@yahoo.com; Tel: 09020050021 This paper focused on university debate genre. The data for the paper was derived from world university debate championship. It involved recording of the corpora which were transcribed into written form. The corpora were usually characterized by a huge number of sentences which were disfluent. The elements which made a sentence not fluent were commonly referred to as ‘disfluencies’. Repetition of words uttered previously, complete corrections or restarts of sentences were some of the common features of students’ debate genre. When a speaker deleted elements considered to be disfluent in a given speech situation, s/he was left with only the intended meaning representations which could be considered clean. While some disfluencies were intentional while others were habitual, yet, others were side effects of anxiety, inadequate vocabularies, inefficient discourse knowledge, etc. The research revealed world University students’ debate championships were characterized by three major types of disfluencies: pause/fillers, repeats, and self – corrections. Statistics indicated that long unlexicalized pause a:m has a highest and it was attributed to unfamiliarity with some debate topics, due to short notice issued to participants prior to commencement of the tournament, hence they lacked right lexicons to use.
Type VI Collagen: Its Biology and Value as a Biomarker of Hepatic Fibrosis

Collagen VI forms a filamentous network in connective tissue, linking matrix macromolecules and cells. It is composed of three chains, α1(VI), α2(VI), and α3(VI), with a globular domain at each end. Additionally, three novel chains α4, α5, and α6 were identified. Intracellularly, collagen VI monomers dimerize and form tetramers, which are secreted and associate into microfilaments extracellularly. Collagen VI gene expression is regulated differently than I or III. Collagen VI interacts with fibronectin, mediates cell adhesion and promotes migration. Soluble collagen VI acts as a sensor for tissue damage, modulating mesenchymal cell proliferation and survival, matrix homeostasis, and wound healing. Three collagen VI-deficient mouse models have been generated, which have been used to investigate collagen VI-related myopathies, mammary carcinogenesis, and skeletal muscle satellite cell homeostasis. Collagen VI is upregulated in fibrosis of liver, skin, kidneys, lungs, heart, and adipose tissue. In the liver, collagen VI normally accounts for 0.1% of total collagen, but is increased 10-fold in cirrhosis. Elevated soluble collagen VI in circulation is considered an early biomarker of alcoholic liver fibrosis. Collagen VI immunostaining is enhanced in fibrotic foci, co-distributing with collagens I, III and V. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are likely the source of perisinusoidal collagen VI. The α2(VI) chain sequesters hepatic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -8 and blocks the enzymes’ activation, preventing fibrolysis. CO6-MMP, a collagen VI fragment generated by MMP-2 and -9, is a specific biomarker of collagen VI degradation in experimental liver fibrogenesis. The collagen VI receptor on HSCs offers selective targets for anti-fibrotic agents.
Combined Inhibition of MEK and mTOR Prevents Proliferation of Glioblastoma Cell Lines by Abolishing Phosphorylation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4

Ras-Raf-MEK-Erk and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling pathways are aberrantly activated in many tumors including highly proliferative glioblastomas, but how they are wired with the cell cycle remains imperfectly understood. Inhibitors of the MEK/Erk and mTOR pathways are currently tested as anticancer agents. These drugs are generally considered to induce a G1 cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of D-type cyclins and up-regulation of the CDK inhibitor p27. In the present study, we examined the effect of targeting mTOR by rapamycin and/or MEK by PD184352 in human glioblastoma cell lines including T98G cells. In combination, rapamycin and PD184352 cooperatively and very potently inhibited the G1-S transition and the phosphorylation of pRb. The cooperation of both drugs could not be explained by their partial and differential inhibitory effects on cyclin D1 or cyclin D3 accumulation, but instead by their synergistic inhibition of the activating T172-phosphorylation of CDK4. This appeared independent of p27 and unrelated to weak modulations of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) activity. The T172-phosphorylation of CDK4 thus appears as a crucial node integrating the activity of both MEK/Erk and mTOR pathways. Combined inhibition of both pathways should be considered as a promising strategy for treatment of tumors harboring a deregulated CDK4 activity.
Multiple Accessory Pathways

We have studied 135 patients with the pre-excitation syndrome and have demonstrated evidence of multiple accessory pathways in 20 patients. Five patients had two distinct accessory atrioventricular (A-V) connections, associated with enhanced A-V node conduction in one patient. Twelve patients had a single accessory A-V connection associated with enhanced A-V conduction. In one of these there was an additional fasciculo-ventricular connection. One patient had an accessory A-V connection associated with a nodoventricular bundle. Two patients had fasciculo-ventricular connections combined with enhanced A-V conduction. The latter two patients had electrocardiograms suggestive of a complete accessory A-V connection.
Analysing the Need for Training in Program Design Patterns An empirical exploration of two social worlds

- This paper addresses the implications of design patterns knowledge in the social worlds of practitioners and managers from the context of Norwegian software companies. Although there are diverse perspectives on the role and importance of design patterns for object-oriented systems, many academic institutions believe in their relevance, particularly in improving software quality through reusable design. However, when invoking the topic of the relevance of Design Patterns (DP) in a software development process, the engagement varies from no interest to enthusiasm. It was this diverse perspective on the relevance of design patterns that drive us to explore this topic. The paper analyzed practitioners and managers perspectives and our findings revealed a convincing evidence for practitioners’ confidence in pattern knowledge and its positive influence on their coding abilities. Our findings are relevant to software design and production, as it addresses methodological issues in software development.
WcrL mediates pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide diversity

CAPSULE Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 11D capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structure is unknown. Results: Serotype 11D PS contains two different repeating units: one has αGlcNAc and the other contains αGlc. Conclusion: The 11D CPS is due to the bispecific glycosyltransferase WcrL. Based on codon 112, WcrL can transfer αGlc, αGlcNAc or both. Significance: Minimal genetic changes can make bacteria produce different polysaccharides.
RUNNING HEAD: Candidate gene analysis for pig meat quality 1 An analysis for 14 candidate genes mapping to meat quality QTL in a 3 pig population reveals that the ATP1A2 is associated with 4 conductivity

In previous genome-wide association studies carried out in a Duroc commercial line 27 (Lipgen population), we detected on pig chromosomes 3, 4 and 14 several QTL for gluteus 28 medius muscle redness (GM a*), electric conductivity in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD 29 CE) and vaccenic acid content in the LD muscle (LD C18:1 n-7), respectively. We have 30 genotyped, in the Lipgen population, 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) mapping 31 to 14 genes located within these three QTL. Subsequently, association analyses have been 32 performed. After correction for multiple testing, two SNPs in the TGFBRAP1 33 (rs321173745) and SELENOI (rs330820437) genes were associated with GM a*, while 34 ACADSB (rs81449951) and GPR26 (rs343087568) genotypes displayed significant 35 associations with LD vaccenic content. Moreover, the polymorphism of the ATP1A2 36 (rs344748241), ATP8B2 (rs81382410) and CREB3L4 (rs321278469 and rs330133789) 37 genes showed significant associations with LD CE. We made a second round of association 38 analyses including the SNPs mentioned above as well as other SNPs located in the 39 chromosomes to which they map to. After performing a correction for multiple testing, the 40 only association that remained significant at the chromosome-wide level was that between 41 the ATP1A2 genotype and LD CE. From a functional point of view, this association is 42 meaningful because this locus encodes a subunit of the Na + /K + -ATPase responsible of 43 maintaining an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
Particle water and pH in the southeastern United States

H. Guo, L. Xu, A. Bougiatioti, K. M. Cerully, S. L. Capps, J. R. Hite, A. G. Carlton, S. -H. Lee, M. H. Bergin, N. L. Ng, A. Nenes, and R. J. Weber School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, Greece National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece now at: TSI, Inc., Shoreview, MN, USA
Plant Biotechnology 23, 47–54 (2006)

Loading of cytosolic nitrite into the chloroplast in nitrate assimilation of rice was modified by introducing a gene for chloroplastic nitrite transport from cucumber. Rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Nipponbare) was transformed with a cDNA (CsNitr1-L) that encodes a nitrite transporter of cucumber under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. CsNitr1-L transgenic rice grown by hydroponics with nitrate supplied as the sole nitrogen source grew as well as plants grown with ammonia. In contrast the growth of the untransformed or mock-transformed control rice was retarded on a nitrate-containing medium by about 60% compared to plants grown with ammonia. Nitrite was not beneficial to the growth of the untransformed or mock-transformed control rice but sustained that of CsNitr1-L transgenic rice. Low steady-state concentration of nitrite in leaves as well as delayed non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in CsNitr1-L transgenic rice seems indicative of higher nitrite use in chloroplasts.
[This manuscript was accepted for publication in Appetite]

We proposed that nostalgic labels strengthen the appeal of food items when the items are intrinsically nostalgic (e.g., related to one’s childhood). Nostalgic labels do so by fostering a sense of food comfort (i.e., safety and security) among potential consumers. Experiment 1, testing a Chinese sample, confirmed that nostalgic (vs. descriptive) labels strengthen purchase intentions of food items when such items are intrinsically nostalgic. Experiment 2 showed that nostalgic (vs. descriptive) food labels strengthen purchase intentions of intrinsically nostalgic items, and do so by virtue of their capacity to elevate food comfort. This experiment tested a U.S. sample, thus broadening the cross-cultural generalizability of the findings. Experiment 3, testing a Chinese sample, replicated the Experiment 2 findings using nostalgic versus descriptive labels of a food item, and ruled out the influence of an alternative mediator, perceived food healthiness. Finally, Experiment 4, testing also a Chinese sample, revealed that restaurant dishes are more likely to be consumed when advertised with a nostalgic (than descriptive) label. The current work makes theoretical contributions to literatures on food consumption and emotions, and has practical implications for harnessing nostalgia for dietary purposes.
Femtosecond X-rays from Relativistic Electrons

Femtosecond x-ray science is a new frontier in ultrafast research in which time-resolved measurement techniques are applied with x-ray pulses to investigate structural dynamics at the atomic scale on the fundamental time scale of an atomic vibrational period (~100 fs). This new research area depends critically on the development of suitable femtosecond x-ray sources with the appropriate flux (ph/sec/0.1% BW), brightness (ph/sec/mm/mrad/0.1% BW), and tunability for demanding optical/x-ray pump probe experiments. In this paper we review recently demonstrated techniques for generating femtosecond x-rays via interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and relativistic electron beams. We give an overview of a novel femtosecond x-ray source that is proposed based on a linear accelerator combined with x-ray pulse compression.
Persistent GB Virus C Infection Is Associated with Decreased HIV-1 Disease Progression in the Amsterdam Cohort Study

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Premorbid ‘‘overactive’’ lifestyle in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia An etiological factor or proof of good citizenship?

Objective: In a former study, we have shown that patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or chronic pain, when questioned about their premorbid lifestyle, reported a high level of ‘‘action-proneness’’ as compared to control groups. The aim of the present study was to control for the patients’ possible idealisation of their previous attitude towards action. Methods: A validated Dutch self-report questionnaire measuring ‘‘actionproneness’’ (the HAB) was completed by 62 randomly selected tertiary care CFS and fibromyalgia (FM) patients, as well as by their significant others (SOs). Results: HAB scores of the patients and those of the SOs were very similar and significantly higher than the norm values. Whether or not the SO showed sympathy for the patient’s illness did not influence the results to a great extent. SOs with a negative attitude towards the illness even characterized the patients as more ‘‘action-prone. ’’ Conclusions: These results provide further support for the hypothesis that a high level of ‘‘actionproneness’’ may play a predisposing, initiating and/or perpetuating role in CFS and FM. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Numerical Investigation of Diesel Exhaust Particle Transport and Deposition in up to 17 Generations of the Lung Airway

Diesel exhaust particulates matter (DEPM) is a compound mixture of gases and fine particles that contains more than 40 toxic air pollutants including benzene, formaldehyde, and nitrogen oxides. Exposure of DEPM to human lung airway during respiratory inhalation causes severe health hazards like diverse pulmonary diseases. This paper studies the DEPM transport and deposition in upper 17-generation of digital lung airways. The Euler-Lagrange approach is used to solve the continuum and disperse phases of the calculation. Lagrangian based Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is used to investigate the DEPM nanoparticle dispersion and deposition in the current anatomical model. The effects of size specific monodispersed particles on deposition are extensively investigated during resting condition. The numerical results illustrate that Brownian diffusion is the dominant mechanism for smaller diameter particles. The present 17-generation bifurcation model also depicts different deposition hot spot for various diameter particles which could advance the understanding of the therapeutic drug delivery system to the specific position of the respiratory airways.