Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated stratigraphy of the Upper Hauterivian to Lower Barremian Agua de la Mula Member of the Agrio Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina

the Upper Hauterivian to Lower Barremian Agua de la Mula Member of the Agrio Formation (Neuquen Basin, Argentina) was studied applying an integrated stratigraphic approach and facies analysis. the ammonite biostratigraphy of the member has been improved based on bed-by-bed collecting. the already defined biozones ( Spitidiscus riccardii , Crioceratites schlagintweiti , Crioceratites diamantensis and Paraspiticeras groeberi ) were recognized, precisely related to the succession, and further refinement was proposed. sequences of different order are built by stacked starvation/dilution (s/d) sequences, regarded here as sixth-order sequences with only two components that can be unequivocally distinguished: the lower starvation hemisequence and the upper dilution hemisequence. Pro- and retrogradational stacking pattern of s/d sequences define supra-ordinate sequences. the sequence-stratigraphic analysis resulted in the subdivision of the member into four main depositional sequences (dsAM-1 to -4) and several subordinate sequences. Previously published sequence stratigraphic charts of the Neuquen Basin did not relate sedimentary sequences to biozones, and are hence not comparable to the scheme presented here and other charts. our study shows a good agreement with the sequence-chronostratigraphic scheme of european basins, thus arguing in favour of a predominantly eustatic control on sequence development during the Late Hauterivian to early Barremian. A latest early Barremian age is proposed for the almost ammonite-barren upper part of the Agrio Formation, based on correlations of sequence boundaries.
Neutral hydrogen (H i) gas content of galaxies at z ≈ 0.32

We use observations made with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) to probe the neutral hydrogen (HI) gas content of field galaxies in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) 14h field at $z \approx 0.32$. Because the HI emission from individual galaxies is too faint to detect at this redshift, we use an HI spectral stacking technique using the known optical positions and redshifts of the 165 galaxies in our sample to co-add their HI spectra and thus obtain the average HI mass of the galaxies. Stacked HI measurements of 165 galaxies show that 95 per cent of the neutral gas is found in blue, star-forming galaxies. Among these galaxies, those having lower stellar mass are more gas-rich than more massive ones. We apply a volume correction to our HI measurement to evaluate the HI gas density at $z \approx 0.32$ as $\Omega_{HI}=(0.50\pm0.18) \times 10^{-3}$ in units of the cosmic critical density. This value is in good agreement with previous results at z < 0.4, suggesting no evolution in the neutral hydrogen gas density over the last $\sim 4$ Gyr. However the $z \approx 0.32$ gas density is lower than that at $z \sim 5$ by at least a factor of two.
Growth of Xylella fastidiosa at Different pH Levels of Xylem Sap

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes Pierce's Disease (PD), which leads to mortality in grapevines. There have been recordings of symptomatic grapevines recovering from PD over winter, which led to speculation that X. fastidiosa is sensitive to seasonal shifts in temperature or pH (pH is a function of seasonality). This research analyzes the affects pH has on the growth of X. fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa was grown in xylem sap (extracted with a Scholander pressure bomb) and adjusted to pH levels 4, 5, 6, and 7. Two test were conducted to determine the affects pH had on the growth of X. fastidiosa. The first test had xylem sap pooled together from 3 different European grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera); Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, and Sylvaner. The second test only used xylem sap from Cabernet sauvignon. Xylem sap that was adjusted to pH of 6 had the highest population count, while at pH 4 the bacteria died after 24 hours. Bacteria grown at pH 5 and 7 had similar population levels at nearly every sample time. Although X. fastidiosa showed different growth patterns for the two different test, there was a consistency in the affects pH has on X. fastidiosa growth. The natural pH of the xylem sap (pH of 6) proved to be the optimum for X. fastidiosa growth for all test conducted. Knowing how pH affects X. fastidiosa can lead to better methods in combating it, such as knowing which season to prune off infected grape vines, when to apply insecticides, or when the optimal time would be to inoculate grapevines for research purposes.
K band SINFONI spectra of two z ~ 5 submillimeter galaxy systems: upper limits to the unobscured star formation from [O II] optical emission line searches

We present deep SINFONI K -band integral field spectra of two submillimeter galaxy systems (SMG): BR 1202-0725 and J1000+0234, at z = 4.69 and 4.55, respectively. Spectra extracted for each object in the two systems do not show any signature of the [O ii] λλ 3726, 29 A emission-lines, placing upper flux limits of 3.9 and 2.5 × 10 -18 erg s -1 cm -2 for BR 1202-0725 and J1000+0234, respectively. Using the relation between the star formation rate (SFR) and the luminosity of the [O ii] doublet, we estimate unobscured SFR upper limits of ~ 10−15 M ⊙ yr -1 and ~30−40 M ⊙ yr -1 for the objects of the two systems, respectively. For the SMGs, these values are at least two orders of magnitude lower than those derived from SED and IR luminosities. The differences on the SFR values would correspond to internal extinction of, at least, 3.4−4.9 and 2.1−3.6 mag in the visual for BR 1202-0725 and J1000+0234 SMGs, respectively. The upper limit for the [O ii]-derived SFR in one of the LAEs (Ly α 2) in the BR1202-0725 system is at least one order of magnitude lower than the previous SFR derived from infrared tracers, while both estimates are in good agreement for Ly α 1. The lower limits to the internal extinction in these two Lyman-alpha emitters are 0.6 mag and 1.3 mag, respectively. No evidence for [O ii] emission associated with Ly α 1 is identified in our data, implying that residuals of the K -band sky emission lines after subtraction in medium-band imaging data could provide the adequate flux.
Title : The Reconstruction and Evolutionary History of Eutherian Chromosomes Short title : Mammalian chromosome evolution

Author affiliation: aDepartment of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea bRoyal Veterinary College, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, UK cIllinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA dComputational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA eDepartment of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Statistical Approaches to Optimize Detection of MIB Off-Flavor in Aquaculture Raised Channel Catfish

The catfish industry prides itself on preventing inadvertent sale of off-flavor fish. Typically, several fish are taste tested over several weeks before pond harvest to confirm good fish flavor quality. We collected several data sets of analytically measured off-flavor concentrations in catfish to assess the type of distribution (parametric/non-normal). Coincident measures of fat content were made on three subsections of each fillet. These data were then used to model the number of fish required to detect off-flavor in mixed populations containing on and off flavor fish. In fish collected from the same pond, off-flavor concentrations typically were not normally distributed, thereby requiring specialized statistical procedures. Even with log transformation, data still violated assumptions of normality. We used a non-parametric approach, using fish samples that were ordered, and then randomly sampled 1000 times, to determine the number of fish necessary to detect off-flavor. A sample of 40 fish was required to detect off-flavor when the population was nearly all on-flavor (97%) and 20% off-flavor fish. A sample size of six fish in a mixed population was effective in identifying off-flavor occurrence in 60% of ponds having off-flavor present. Sampling more fish fewer times can more accurately identify ponds containing mixed flavor fish populations than the current sampling procedure.
Optimization of Cu and Pb biosorption by Aphanizomenon ovalisporum using Taguchi approach: kinetics and equilibrium modeling

In this study, the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum collected from the Litany River in Lebanon was used as an efficient biosorbent for the removal of copper and lead metal ions from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the change of the surface morphology due to sorption of lead and copper metal ions on algal surface sites. In addition, the elemental composition of native algal biomass showed mainly the presence of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen as 66.15%, 14.58% and 16.79% respectively. The percentage composition of C decreases while the percentages of N and O increase after biosorption of Cu and Pb, which indicates the interaction of metal ions with nitrogen and oxy functional groups on algal cell surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has proved the presence of the amine, phosphate, carboxyl and carbonyl groups as binding surface sites for metal ions. The optimum conditions were determined using Taguchi statistical approach. The maximum removal efficiency values (87.59% Pb; 69.65% Cu) were obtained at pH 7.5 in 75 min with 0.7 g L–1 of algal biomass and initial metal concentration of 200 mg L–1 for Pb and 100 mg L–1 for Cu. The most influential factor on biosorption is pH with a percentage contribution of 40.8% and 31.5% for Cu and Pb, respectively. The kinetic biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order model for Cu and the pseudo-first-order model for Pb. Biosorption equilibrium was well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both metals.
Minimizing Human Labelling Effort for Annotating Named Entities in Historical Newspaper

To accelerate the annotation of named entities (NEs) in historical newspapers like Sarawak Gazette, only two choices are possible: an automatic approach or a semi-automatic approach. This paper presents a fully automatic annotation of NEs occurring in Sarawak Gazette. At the initial stage, a subset of the historical newspapers is fed to an established rule-based named entity recognizer (NER), that is ANNIE. Then, the preannotated corpus is used as training and testing data for three supervised learning NER, which are based on Naive Bayes, J48 decision trees, and SVM-SMO methods. These methods are not always accurate and it appears that SVM-SMO and J48 have better performance than Naive Bayes. Thus, a thorough study on the errors done by SVM-SMO and J48 yield to the creation of ad hoc rules to correct the errors automatically. The proposed approach is promising even though it still needs more experiments to refine the rules.
Evaluation of empirical predictors of extreme run-up using field data

Prediction of run-up elevation during extreme events is of particular importance in defining and managing coastal hazards and in the design of coastal structures. A theoretical approach has not yet been developed to predict run-up elevation. However, a range of empirical formula have been developed over the past 50 years based on field and laboratory studies. While these empirical models utilise similar primary variables, their precise form differs due to derivation methodology and intended use. The present study compares the various models with run-up elevation data collected during a series of recent extreme events in 2008 and 2010 at Otaki Beach on the south-west coast of the New Zealand North Island, and the historical August 1986 storm event at Narrabeen Beach, New South Wales. The sensitivity of predicted values to differing definitions of slope on two non-planer, natural beaches of low to moderate slope is assessed. Study results show significant variation between the individual models and between the modeled and observed values. Models based on irregular wave testing in laboratory facilities generally gave run-up magnitudes most similar to those at the field sites when slope was defined based on the upper beach/swash zone slope, although trend lines indicated that as the observed run-up becomes more extreme, the modelled run-up may become increasingly under-predicted. The application of these results to other coastal locations is discussed.
Kinematics of kiloparsec-scale jets

Abstract It has long been known that kiloparsec-scale jets in radio galaxies can be divided into two flavours: strong (found in powerful sources, narrow and terminating in compact hot-spots) and weak (found in low-luminosity sources, flaring, unable to form hot-spots and terminating in diffuse lobes or tails). Both flavours are initially relativistic, but weak jets decelerate to sub-relativistic, transonic speeds by entraining external gas while strong jets remain relativistic and supersonic until they terminate. Much is now known about the kinematics of weak-flavour jets, which can be modelled as intrinsically symmetrical, decelerating relativistic flows, and we summarize the results of our work in this area. Strong-flavour jets are relatively faint and narrow, so it has hitherto proved difficult to obtain the necessary deep, transverse-resolved images in total intensity and linear polarization. The spectacular jets in the radio galaxy NGC 6251 appear to represent a transition case between weak and strong flavours: the jets show no clear evidence for deceleration, but are relatively wide. VLA observations hint at transverse velocity structure with a very fast (Lorentz factor >5) spine surrounded by a slower shear layer. New observations with the upgraded VLA should be able to test this picture.
Testing in Geotechnical Design

Testing is an inherent and integral element of geotechnical design. This paper describes and discusses geotechnical testing in the design process from a consulting practitioner's perspective of the current state-of-practice. The role, objectives, types and interpretation of testing, limitations and recommended good practices are presented. Successful implementation of testing in design is demonstrated through examination of test data from a few case records.
Pointing the James Webb Space Telescope through lensing clusters - can the first stars and galaxies be detected?

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled for launch in 2014, is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the high-redshift Universe. Even so, many of the most interesting sources that may be hiding at redshifts z~10 (population III stars, dark stars, population III galaxies) are likely to be intrinsically too faint for JWST. Here, we explore the prospects of searching for the first stars and galaxies by pointing JWST through foreground lensing clusters. Observations of this kind can reach significantly deeper than the currently planned JWST ultra deep field in just a fraction of the exposure time, but at the expense of probing a much smaller volume of the high-redshift Universe. We also present Yggdrasil, a spectral synthesis code for modelling the first galaxies, and use it to derive the masses of the faintest pop I, II and III galaxies that can be detected through broadband imaging in JWST ultra deep fields.
Perception of Participation Constraints to Recreational Activities: A case of University Students

Bu arastirmanin amaci, universite ogrencilerinin bos zaman faaliyetlerine katilimlarini etkileyen kisitlamalar ile ilgili algilarini arastirmaktir. Arastirmada, olcme araci olarak Bos Zaman Engelleri Olcegi (BZEO) kullanilmistir. BZEO universite ogrencilerinin bos zaman faaliyetlerine katilimlari uzerindeki kisitlamalarin algilarini olcmek icin gelistirilmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini, Kastamonu Universitesi ogrencileri, orneklemini ise, 2012-2013 egitim-ogretim yilinda Kastamonu Universitesi, Beden Egitimi ve Spor Ogretmenligi bolumunde ogrenim goren, 18-30 yas arasi 300 universite ogrencisi olusturmaktadir. Elde edilen veriler incelendiginde, bazi katilimcilarin cevaplarinin “gecersiz” oldugu saptanmis ve arastirmanin orneklemini 232 (91 kadin ve 141 erkek) universite ogrencisi olusturmustur. BZEO alt boyutlarina gore, cinsiyet ve yas ile ilgili ortalama farkliliklari incelemek icin Bagimsiz orneklem t-testi kullanilmistir. Kadin universite ogrencilerinin BZEO’nun tum alt boyutlarinda daha yuksek puan ortalamalari bulunmasina ragmen, t-testi analizlerine gore tum alt boyutlar icin kadin ve erkek ogrencilerin puan ortalamalari arasinda anlamli (p> .05) fark bulunmamaktadir. Yas gruplari arasinda da puan ortalamalari acisindan anlamli fark (p> .05) bulunmamaktadir. Genel bulgular, tesis / hizmet ve erisilebilirlik alt boyutunun bos zaman faaliyetleri icin en buyuk kisitlama oldugunu, arkadas eksikliginin ise, tum katilimcilar icin en az kisitlayici oldugunu gostermektedir.
Next Generation Very Large Array Memo No. 9 Science Working Group 4: Time Domain, Fundamental Physics, and Cosmology

We report here on key science topics for the Next Generation Very Large Array in the areas of time domain, fundamental physics, and cosmology. Key science cases considered are pulsars in orbit around the Galactic Center massive black hole, Sagittarius A*, electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves, and astrometric cosmology. These areas all have the potential for ground-breaking and transformative discovery. Numerous other topics were discussed during the preparation of this report and some of those discussions are summarized here, as well. There is no doubt that further investigation of the science case will reveal rich and compelling opportunities.
RAPID AND SIMPLE DNA EXTRACTION FROM BUCCAL MOUTH SAMPLES FOR FTO ALLELE DIFFERENTIATION

AIDA ULYA YUZAIMA. Rapid and Simple DNA Extraction from Buccal Mouth Samples for fto Allele Differentiation. Supervised by ANTONIUS SUWANTO and FELICIA KARTAWIDJAJAPUTRA. Collection of buccal mouth cells obtained from mouthwash sample seems to give higher yields than many other methods. Here we report the noninvasive and short time DNA isolation protocol from mouthwash sample for future fto gene study. We have collected mouthwash samples from 37 young adult human with age of 19-25 years using self-administered procedures. In this study, two extraction methods i.e. QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit and phenol-chloroform, were employed to extract DNA. Mouthwash samples were also compared to the one obtained from blood samples with either of this methods were correctly genotyped. Storage treatment was also conducted in this study. Samples stored at room temperature for up to seven days were also reproducibly amplified with unique human fto primers. In conclusion, DNA isolation protocol in this study is potentially applicable for future fto gene studies where noninvasive procedure and short time of processing samples are required. AIDA ULYA YUZAIMA. Ekstraksi DNA Rongga Mulut Secara Cepat dan Mudah untuk Deferensiasi Alel fto. Dibimbing oleh ANTONIUS SUWANTO dan FELICIA KARTAWIDJAJAPUTRA. Sel epitel rongga mulut yang diperoleh dari sampel mouthwash memiliki konsentrasi DNA yang lebih besar dibandingkan metode lainnya. Laporan ini merupakan hasil penelitian metode isolasi DNA dari sel rongga mulut yang bersifat tidak invasive dan lebih singkat. Sampel mouthwash diperoleh dari 37 orang dewasa dengan rentang usia 19-25 tahun. Dua metode berbeda yakni QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit dan fenol-klorofom dibandingkan kemampuannya dalam memproses sampel mouthwash. Selanjutnya hasil analisis dari sampel mouthwash dikonfirmasi dengan hasil yang berasal dari sampel darah dan keduanya memiliki hasil yang sama. Setelah disimpan selama tujuh hari, sampel masih dapat dianalisis. Sehingga metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berpotensi untuk keperluan studi gen fto di masa yang akan datang dengan beberapa keuntungan yakni prosedur yang tidak invasive dan waktu pemrosesan yang lebih singkat.
Platinum Catalysts in Petroleum Refining

Reforming processes using platinum catalysts have become of major importance in petroleum refining during the past seven years. They enable the octane rating of naphthas to be greatly increased, and are more economical than any other refining process for the production of high octane gasoline. In this article the general nature of the processes is described and the Platforming process is considered in more detail.
THE REGIONAL BORDER EFFECT IN SPAIN

This work is an empirical study of the Spanish Autonomous Communities from 2000 to 2010 to quantify the so-called border effect, or in other words, how much more intense are flows of goods between regions and the rest of Spain than between these regions and other countries. For this, we use the gravity equation model of trade. The main conclusions are: One, the border effect exists: the dummy variable which quantifies it is always positive and statistically different from zero. Two, the border effect tends to diminish over time. Three, estimating all the regions together, the border effect is around a factor of 10.5. Four, estimating each Autonomous Community independently, the greatest border effect is found in the Canary Islands (factor of 58.36) and the Balearic Islands (factor of 29.81); meanwhile, the regions with the least border effect are the ones with the two largest cities in the country: Catalonia (factor of 8.11) and Madrid (5.17), with Aragon in third place (8.14). Five, if we distinguish betwee
The SpaceNet 8 Challenge - From Foundation Mapping to Flood Detection

Floods are one of the major types of natural disasters responsible for loss of life, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, erosion of arable land, and environmental hazards around the world. Climate change, increasing populations, and urbanisation of flood plains will only increase the risk of flooding in the next few years. SpaceNet 8 presents a dataset that combines building footprint detection, road network extraction, and flood detection covering 850km2, including ~32,000 buildings and ~ 1,300 km of roads, of which ~ 13% and ~ 15% are flooded, respectively.
Bootstrap Joint Prediction Regions

Many statistical applications require the forecast of a random variable of interest over several periods into the future. The sequence of individual forecasts, one period at a time, is called a path forecast, where the term path refers to the sequence of individual future realizations of the random variable. The problem of constructing a corresponding joint prediction region has been rather neglected in the literature so far: such a region is supposed to contain the entire future path with a prespecified probability. We develop bootstrap methods to construct joint prediction regions. The resulting regions are proven to be asymptotically consistent under a mild high‐level assumption. We compare the finite‐sample performance of our joint prediction regions with some previous proposals via Monte Carlo simulations. An empirical application to a real data set is also provided.