Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen energy production of g‐C3N4‐WO3 composites under visible light irradiation

Highly efficient hybrid g‐C3N4/WO3 photocatalysts were fabricated by facile hydrothermal method for green hydrogen energy production under visible light irradiation. The nanostructures of WO3 nanoparticles and exfoliated graphitized C3N4 particles were prepared and were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller techniques. The average size of the pure WO3 nanostructures and those in the composites was 47 and 86 nm, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the prepared nanocomposites was found by increasing content of g‐C3N4 up to 3%; however, further increase in doping content decreases the photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to extended visible light region, lower recombination rate, and high surface area. This in house developed g‐C3N4/WO3 photo catalytic material will be value added addition in the field of green hydrogen energy production.
Kinetic Study of Aerobic Degradation of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (Tmah) Waste Produced in Electronic Industries

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide is used in the electronic industry during the photolithography process to produce memories. The effluent produced in this process must be treated before discharging due its toxicity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of biological treatment to remove this molecule from the effluent by aerobic process at room. Experiments were carried out on real effluent, in which TMAH concentration was about 1800 mg/L. Like C-source for microorganisms another effluent coming from the same industries was used. Batch reactor tests have showed an efficiency of TMAH removal of about 99%. Kinetic studies have provided the following kinetic parameters able to describe the trends vs time of TMAH, ammonium ions and biomass concentration in the reactor: KS = 0.8 g/L; μmax = 0.42 h-1; YX/S = 0.34 gS/gX.
Preparation Process Of Curcuminoid Powder from Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa domestica, Vahl) and Its Characteristic as Food Ingredients

Study on the preparation proces of curcuminoid from turmeric root ( Curcuma longa domestica Vahl) and its characteristics as food ingredient was conducted. The results revealed that the type of solvent, the solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were affected to the yield of curcuminoid content. The yield of curcuminoid content ranged from 11.96% to 14.01% (for ethanolic 60% solvent extraction), ranged from 12.91% to 15.20% (ethanolic 80% solvent extraction), and ranged from 3.85% to 7.19% (ethanolic : water 1 : 1 extraction). Results showed that the highest value of total phenolic content was recorded in ethanolic extract (S/L ratio 1 : 50 and extraction temperature 60 o C) with value 146.25 mg GAE/100 g; while the lowest for a mixture of ethanol and water 1 : 1 extract (S/L ratio 1 : 30) and extraction temperature 30 o C with value 101.43 mg GAE/100 g. Results also showed that the highest value antioxidant activities was recorded in ethanolic 80% extract and 15.00 g ground dry turmeric used with value 47.65% ; while the lowest value from a mixture of ethanolic and water 1 : 1 extract and 1.50 g ground dry turmeric used with value 20.04%. ABSTRAK Studi pada proses pembuatan bubuk curcuminoid dari akar kunyit (Curcuma longa domestica Vahl dan karakteristiknya sebagai bahan pangan telah dilakukan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa jenis pelarut, perbandingan antara padatan - larutan dan suhu ekstrasi yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap rendemen kandungan curcuminoid. Kandungan curcumnoid berkisar antara 11,96% hingga 14,01% (untuk ekstrasi dengan pelarut ethanol 60%), berkisar antara 12,91% hingga 15,20% (ekstrasi dengan pelarut ethanol 80%), dan berkisar antara 3,85 hingga 7,19% (ekstrasi dengan pelarut ethanol 50 %). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ter tinggi dan terbaik kandungan total senyawa fenol tercatat pada ekstrasi dengan ethanol (perbandingan S/L 1 : 50 dan suhu ekstrasi 60o C) dengan nilai 148,99 mg GAE/100 g sedang nilai terendah tercatat untuk ekstrasi menggunakan pelarut 50% (perbandingan S/L 1 : 30) dan suhu ekstrasi 30 o C dengan nilai 101,43 mg GAE/100 g. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi aktifitas antioksidan tercatat pada ekstraksi menggunakan ethanol 80% dan menggunakan bahan kunyit kerin g sebanyak 15,0 g dengan nilai 47,65% ; sedang nilai terendah sebagai aktifitas antioksidan pada ekstrasi menggunakan ethanol 50% dan menggunakan bahan kunyit kering sebanyak 1,50 g dengan nilai 20,04% . Kata kunci : Rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa domestica Vahl), kurkuminoid, proses ekstrasi, sifat karakteristik, ingredien pangan .
Aerosol hygroscopic growth, contributing factors, and impact on haze events in a severely polluted region in northern China

Abstract. This study investigates the impact of the aerosol hygroscopic growth effect on haze events in Xingtai, a heavily polluted city in the central part of the North China Plain (NCP), using a large array of instruments measuring aerosol optical, physical, and chemical properties. Key instruments used and measurements made include the Raman lidar for atmospheric water vapor content and aerosol optical profiles, the PC-3016A GrayWolf six-channel handheld particle and mass meter for atmospheric total particulate matter (PM) that has diameters less than 1 and 2.5 µm (PM1 and PM2.5, respectively), the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) for chemical components in PM1, and the hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA) for aerosol hygroscopicity. The changes in PM1 and PM2.5 agreed well with that of the water vapor content due to the aerosol hygroscopic growth effect. Two cases were selected to further analyze the effects of aerosol hygroscopic growth on haze events. The lidar-estimated hygroscopic enhancement factor for the aerosol backscattering coefficient during a relatively clean period (Case I) was lower than that during a pollution event (Case II) with similar relative humidity (RH) levels of 80 %–91 %. The Kasten model was used to fit the aerosol optical hygroscopic growth factor (GF) whose parameter b differed considerably between the two cases, i.e., 0.1000 (Case I) versus 0.9346 (Case II). The aerosol acidity value calculated from ACSM data for Case I (1.35) was less than that for Case II (1.50) due to different amounts of inorganics such as NH4NO3, NH4HSO4, and (NH4)2SO4. Model results based on H-TDMA data showed that aerosol hygroscopic growth factors in each size category (40, 80, 110, 150, and 200 nm) at different RH levels (80 %–91 %) for Case I were lower than those for Case II. For similar ambient RH levels, the high content of nitrate facilitates the hygroscopic growth of aerosols, which may be a major factor contributing to heavy haze episodes in Xingtai.
Robot: Asker of questions and changer of norms?

Recent work in behavioral ethics has brought to light the role that technologies play in shaping human ethics. Language-capable autonomous robots are uniquely positioned to impact human ethics. It is critical to identify and mitigate negative consequences of this technology on human morality, as robots will likely be deployed in increasingly ethically signiﬁcant contexts over time. We argue that the current status quo for dialogue systems in autonomous agents can (1) cause robots to unintentionally miscommunicate their ethical intentions, and (2) weaken humans’ contextual application of moral norms.
Enhanced Lane Tracking Algorithm Using Ego-Motion Estimator for Fail-Safe Operation

For automated driving technology to move beyond the proof stage and into actual automated driving, it is important to verify the safety of the automated driving system. In this paper, a method to ensure lateral control safety for the lane detection function is proposed to address a failure of the image-sensor-based automated driving system, which is the system with the highest possibility for practical mass production. The proposed algorithm consists of three parts: the first part is the ego-motion estimator that estimates the movement of a vehicle; the second is an integrated lane detection sensor module, which response to failure by estimating lane information at the corresponding time; the last is a lane estimator, which tracks lane coefficients based on constant lane widths. A combination of these three modules and the prediction of the lane coefficient, C3, in the virtual sensor, which was not reflected in our previous study, enables a more robust response to lane detection failure. The performance difference between the proposed algorithm and an existing algorithm was confirmed by simulated evaluations for identical situations based on actual data. Through this result, it was confirmed that not only could near-lane estimation accuracy but also lane estimation accuracy at a far distance could be improved when compared to the existing algorithm. The results of this study are expected to help obtain lateral safety during minimal risk maneuver. The proposed algorithm may also contribute to ensuring the safety of image-sensor-based automated driving systems.
An Efficiency Analysis of a Salient Pole and a Flux Barrier Synchronous Reluctance Machine including Flux Weakening

In this work two different rotor topologies for synchronous reluctance machines are discussed regarding the efficiency including flux weakening operation of a variable speed drive. For a low power industrial drives, currently utilized with an induction machine, a salient pole and a flux barrier reluctance rotor are designed to replace the squirrel cage rotor at lower machine costs. Both rotors are built up and implemented in the common three phase stator. The rotor change for this drive is proposed, because generally a higher attention of electric machine’s efficiency is set to the part load region according to the latest IEC standards. The machine parameters as well as the torque and power characteristic are discussed and finally the machine efficiency is analyzed by measurements. As expected from the finite element analysis the salient pole rotor provides a higher power than the flux barrier type, especially at higher speeds. The salient pole machine prototype is able to fulfill the required power characteristic of the application, but the flux barrier machine does not. Additionally, the salient pole rotor shows a higher part load efficiency. From the loss analysis a high loss portion is identified as the mechanical friction loss, which dramatically limits the machine efficiency for both rotors. Thus, a friction loss reduction by improved ball bearings is proposed, which would improve the drive efficiency significantly.
Blockchain in accounting research: current trends and emerging topics

PurposeThis paper provides a structured literature review of blockchain in accounting. The authors identify current trends, analyse and critique the key topics of research and discuss the future of this nascent field of inquiry.Design/methodology/approachThis study’s analysis combined a structured literature review with citation analysis, topic modelling using a machine learning approach and a manual review of selected articles. The corpus comprised 153 academic papers from two ranked journal lists, the Association of Business Schools (ABS) and the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC), and from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN). From this, the authors analysed and critiqued the current and future research trends in the four most predominant topics of research in blockchain for accounting.FindingsBlockchain is not yet a mainstream accounting topic, and most of the current literature is normative. The four most commonly discussed areas of blockchain include the changing role of accountants; new challenges for auditors; opportunities and challenges of blockchain technology application; and the regulation of cryptoassets. While blockchain will likely be disruptive to accounting and auditing, there will still be a need for these roles. With the sheer volume of information that blockchain records, both professions may shift out of the back-office toward higher-profile advisory roles where accountants try to align competitive intelligence with business strategy, and auditors are called on ex ante to verify transactions and even whole ecosystems.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors identify several challenges that will need to be examined in future research. Challenges include skilling up for a new paradigm, the logistical issues associated with managing and monitoring multiple parties all contributing to various public and private blockchains, and the pressing need for legal frameworks to regulate cryptoassets.Practical implicationsThe possibilities that blockchain brings to information disclosure, fraud detection and overcoming the threat of shadow dealings in developing countries all contribute to the importance of further investigation into blockchain in accounting.Originality/valueThe authors’ structured literature review uniquely identifies critical research topics for developing future research directions related to blockchain in accounting.
Design of Experiments (DoE) applied to Pharmaceutical and Analytical Quality by Design (QbD)

According to Quality by Design (QbD) concept, quality should be built into product/method during pharmaceutical/analytical development. Usually, there are many input factors that may affect quality of product and methods. Recently, Design of Experiments (DoE) have been widely used to understand the effects of multidimensional and interactions of input factors on the output responses of pharmaceutical products and analytical methods. This paper provides theoretical and practical considerations for implementation of Design of Experiments (DoE) in pharmaceutical and/or analytical Quality by Design (QbD). This review illustrates the principles and applications of the most common screening designs, such as two-level full factorial, fractionate factorial, and Plackett-Burman designs; and optimization designs, such as three-level full factorial, central composite designs (CCD), and Box-Behnken designs. In addition, the main aspects related to multiple regression model adjustment were discussed, including the analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression significance, residuals analysis, determination coefficients (R2 , R2 -adj, and R2 -pred), and lack-of-fit of regression model. Therefore, DoE was presented in detail since it is the main component of pharmaceutical and analytical QbD.
Ultra-Wideband Patch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications

Microstrip Patch antenna is one of the most important members of the antenna family, due to the advantages of compact size, sample-processing method, low cost and high quality. In order to realize the true 5G wireless communications, new antennas are required for working frequency band obtained by the three Chinese operators covering three 5G bands, including 2.515-2.675 GHz, 3.4-3.6 GHz and 4.8-4.9 GHz. This paper introduces a new design by modifying the structure of ground plane and changing the step-impedance resonator (SIR) to achieve a ultrawideband (UWB) antenna. It covers three 5G bands. The $\mathrm{S}_{11}$ parameter is below −10dB from 2.32 GHz to 5.24 GHz, which can also cover WiFi, Bluetooth and WLAN applications. The gains of the designed antenna are 2.52 dBi, 3.04 dBi, 4.31 dBi at the frequency of 2.55 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 4.75 GH, respectively.
Novel indole based hybrid oxadiazole scaffolds with N-(substituted-phenyl)butanamides: synthesis, lineweaver–burk plot evaluation and binding analysis of potent urease inhibitors

In the study presented herein, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoic acid (1) was sequentially transformed in the first phase into ethyl 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate (2), 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanohydrazide (3) and 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4) as a nucleophile. In the second phase, various electrophiles were synthesized by reacting substituted-anilines, 5a–j, with 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride (6) to afford 4-chloro-N-(substituted-phenyl)butanamides (7a–j). In the final phase, nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4 was carried out with different electrophiles, 7a–j, to achieve novel indole based oxadiazole scaffolds with N-(substituted-phenyl)butamides (8a–j). The structural confirmation of all the as-synthesized compounds was performed by spectral and elemental analysis. These molecules were screened for their in vitro inhibitory potential against urease enzyme and were found to be potent inhibitors. The results of enzyme inhibitory kinetics showed that compound 8c inhibited the enzyme competitively with a Ki value 0.003 μM. The results of the in silico study of these scaffolds were in full agreement with the experimental data and the ligands showed good binding energy values. The hemolytic study revealed their mild cytotoxicity towards cell membranes and hence, these molecules can be regarded as valuable therapeutic agents in drug designing programs.
Intelligent Quality of Service Routing in Software-Defined Satellite Networking

Software-Defined Satellite Networking (SDSN) has emerged as a new paradigm that offers the programmability required to dynamically manage a satellite network. However, the characteristics of SDSN bring several important issues to be solved in the routing scheme. First, interface protocols of the controller incur nonnegligible overhead, which affects the general traffic. Second, more than one controller is required to ensure the reliability of SDSN, which means that they should cooperate with each other to realize the routing function. Third, how to make full use of the advantage of SDSN’s centralized management for routing algorithm is worth studying. In this paper, we first propose an SDSN architecture to realize flexible centralized management. Based on this architecture, Intelligent Quality of Service (QoS) Routing scheme is proposed and evaluated. Intelligent QoS Routing (IQR) scheme is composed of overhead balancing strategy, controller cooperation strategy, and IQR algorithm. Overhead balancing strategy effectively reduces the impact of overhead on general traffic, which improves the performance of IQR algorithm. Controller cooperation strategy adopts the ensemble Support Vector Regression (SVR) from artificial intelligence tools to enhance the consistency of different controllers’ network views under low frequency situation, which will provide a more accurate reference for IQR algorithm and other management strategies. IQR algorithm takes full advantage of SDSN’s centralized control and rich data to offer fine-grained QoS guarantee intelligently. Simulation results show that IQR scheme achieves better overhead balancing performance, more effective controller cooperation, and better QoS guarantee compared with the existing methods.
Biomimetics for Efficient Oil Water Separation: From Natural Oil Sorbents to Bioinspired Micro- and Nanostructured Polymeric Sorbents and Membranes

According to the idea of biomimetics, applying principles of living nature to technical applications means making use of highly specialized and optimized mechanisms that have proved themselves over billions of years. Due to natural selection and according to the biological principle ”survival of the fittest”, living organisms perfectly adapted to their natural environment. Leaves of aquatic plants such as Salvinia (water fern) and Pistia strationtes (water lettuce), for example, are covered by a hierarchical microand nano structure, which helps them to survive when dragged under water. Due to their ”hairy” trichome structure, the leaves are superhydrophobic and superoleophilic and therefore selectively absorb oil from oil/water mixtures. Oil absorption capacity of four Salvinia species with different trichome types and of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is quantified. By comparing oil absorption of Salvinia and Pistia leaves with trichomes (hairs) to Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves with no trichomes, the influence of presence and morphology of trichomes on oil absorption is examined. Specifically, the influence of trichome shape on oil absorption is analyzed by comparing oil absorption of different hair types of Salvinia molesta. Subsequently, artificial nanofur inspired by Salvinia leaf surface structure is investigated. Polymeric nanofur consists of dense layer of microand nanosized hairs and is superhydrophobic and superoleophilic just as its natural role model. Various improvements are presented, including reusable nanofur from shape memory polymer. Also, new nanofur fabrication process is introduced which allows upscaling and paves the way towards industrial fabrication of nanofur. Nanofur oil/water separation efficiency is increased by punching holes into nanofur to fabricate a nanofur membrane. Membranes with special wetting properties enable selective removal of either oil or water from oil/water mixtures by filtration. Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic nanofur membrane lets oil permeate through and retains water. The as-prepared oil-removing membrane is converted into underwater superoleophobic water-removing membrane by argon plasma treatment. Plasma treated nanofur selectively lets water permeate through and therefore separates water from oil/water mixtures. Characteristic values such as membrane permeability and breakthrough pressures are analyzed and experimental results are compared to theoretical values, and the efficiency of both types of membranes for oil/water separation is demonstrated. For example, a mixture of crude oil and water was separated by filtration, and no oil was observed in the collected water.
Analisis Risiko Usahatani Padi Sawah Metode System of Rice Intensification (SRI) dan Tanam Benih Langsung (Tabela) di Desa Tonusu Kecamatan Pamona Puselemba

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko usahatani padi sawah metode System of Rice Intensification (SRI) dan tanam benih langsung (Tabela) di Desa Tonusu Kecamatan Pamona Puselemba Kabupaten Poso. Data dikumpulkan melalui survey yang dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pengisian kuisioner dan wawancara dengan subyek penelitian. Sampel sebanyak 20 orang petani padi sawah diambil dengan menggunakan teknik sampling berstrata, masing-masing strata terdiri dari 10 petani yang menerapkan metode tanam SRI dan 10 petani yang menerapkan metode Tabela. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis pendapatan, analisis perbedaan produksi, penerimaan, biaya produksi, dan pendapatan pada kedua metode tanam, serta analisis risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk petani yang menerapkan metode tanam SRI diperoleh rata-rata produksi sebesar 4 ton/ha/MT, rata-rata penerimaan Rp 16.800. 000,-/MT, rata-rata biaya produksi Rp 5.615. 550,-/MT, dan rata-rata pendapatan Rp 11.196. 450,-/MT. Pada petani yang menerapkan metode Tabela diperoleh rata-rata produksi sebesar 2,19 ton/ha/MT, rata-rata penerimaan Rp 6.200. 000,-/MT, rata-rata biaya produksi Rp 2.650. 150,-/MT, dan rata-rata pendapatan Rp 3.579. 850,-/MT. Hasil uji t 2 sampel independen menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua metode penanaman dalam variabel produksi, penerimaan, biaya produksi, dan pendapatan. Koefisien variasi pendapatan petani yang menerapkan metode Tabela lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pada petani yang menerapkan metode SRI. Hasil uji t 2 sampel independen memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara kedua nilai koefisien variasi, dengan demikian metode Tabela memiliki risiko yang lebih besar terhadap pendapatan petani dibandingkan dengan metode SRI.