Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse fonctionnelle de la famille OCTOPUS chez Arabidopsis thaliana

Les tissus vasculaires sont d’une grande importance pour la physiologie et le developpement de la plante. Le xyleme et le phloeme composent ce tissu. En assurant le transport des seves brutes et elaborees, ils permettent ainsi de redistribuer mineraux et metabolites entre les differents organes de la plante. La regulation de la mise en place de ces deux tissus est hautement controlee tant d’un point de vue genetique que spatio-temporel. Parmi les genes impliques dans la mise en place des tissus vasculaires, le gene OCTOPUS (OPS) intervient tres precocement au cours du developpement dans la mise en place du patron vasculaire ainsi que differenciation du phloeme(Bauby et al., 2007; Truernit et al., 2012). OPS appartient a une famille de genes specifiques des plantes superieures. Cependant la fonction moleculaire de la proteine OPS reste inconnue. Une combinaison d’approches physiologique, biochimique, moleculaire, cytologique et genetique a permis de montrer que le gene OPS est un nouveau regulateur positif de la voie signalisation des brassinosteroides (BR). Les BR sont des hormones vegetales impliquees dans de nombreux processus developpementaux incluant l’elongation cellulaire ou encore l’organisation des tissus vasculaires. Bien que la decouverte des BR date seulement de 1970 (Mitchell et al., 1970; Mitchell and Gregory,1972; Grove et al., 1979), l’interet commun que les scientifiques lui ont porte fait que sa voie de signalisation est aujourd’hui tres detaillee. Parmi les composants de la voie des BR, la proteine kinase BIN2 en est le regulateur clef (Li et al., 2001) reprimant la voie par son action sur les facteurs de transcription BES1 et BZR1(Yin et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2002). OPS interagit physiquement avec la proteine BIN2 au niveau de la membrane plasmique, pouvant creer une inhibition par delocalisation de la proteine BIN2 de son site d’activite. A ce titre, les defauts de phloeme observes chez le mutant opssont restaures lorsque l’activite de BIN2 est abolie ou lorsque la voie est induite en dessous de BIN2. Ainsi nous montrons que la voie des BR est directement impliquee dans la differenciation du phloeme. Plus generalement, une etude de la redondance fonctionnelle d’autres membres de la famille OPS semble indiquer qu’ils pourraient exercer une fonction similaire de regulateurs positifs de la voie des BR au sein d’autres tissus de la plante
Educational Certificate Verification System Using Blockchain

: Academic certificate verification is routine process for the employer for offering employment. Employer takes much time for giving offer letter after the interview process gets over. To verify the originality of the certificate the employer need to authenticate the certificate from the certificate issuing authority. The employer takes much time for certificate verification to check the originality of the certificate. The overall certificate verification process takes longer time to complete the selection process. In order to solve this problem, Blockchain provides verifiable distributed ledger with cryptography mechanism to counterfeit academic certificate. The Blockchain also provide a common sharing platform for storing, accessing document and minimize the overall time for verification.
The effects of selection systems and implicit theories on individual effort

Although it is well known that implicit theories (beliefs regarding the malleability of human attributes) affect one’s motivation, less is known about how these effects manifest themselves in certain educational environments. This study investigated how implicit theories moderate the effects of selection systems, which are prevalent in educational settings, on individual effort. The results indicated that when entity theorists (people who think ability is fixed) who performed relatively well received negative feedback and were not selected, they exerted less effort compared with incremental theorists (people who think ability is malleable). The negative effects of selection systems on motivation might be amplified among entity theorists when they are faced with an undefeatable rival.
Response of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) accessions to Septoria leaf spot (Septoria melissae Desm.) in Hungary

Septoria melissae Desm. , the most important pathogen of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) occurs each year on plantations. The fungus may cause serious yield losses in the absence of proper plant protection. Breeding resistant or tolerant cultivars could play an important role in plant protection of medicinal plants. However, only a few descriptions of tolerant varieties of lemon balm are available. The goal of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of three accessions of M. officinalis against the pathogen of Septoria leaf spot under field conditions at Budapest-Soroksár (Hungary) in 2017–2018. Differences in susceptibility of the accessions were observed in both years. The accession of M. officinalis subsp. altissima proved to be the least susceptible to Septoria infection. The frequency of the infected leaves was only 5.1 and 28.1% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. However, the cultivar M. officinalis subsp. officinalis ‘Lorelei’ turned out to be the most susceptible to the pathogen with an average infection level of 26.1 and 66.6%, 1.3–6.1 times higher than that of the other accessions in each year, respectively. Development of disease tolerant M. officinalis cultivars may be an effective tool in the plant protection of lemon balm.
Statut sanitaire et inventaire de l'avifaune des ilots français du Pacifique-Sud. Etude de l'île surprise (18° 29'S, 162° 05'E)

Les ilots francais du Pacifique-sud sont des ecosystemes coralliens isoles au milieu de l'ocean. Ils hebergent de nombreux oiseaux marins et migrateurs. Ces oiseaux sont susceptibles de franchir de longues distances, par consequent de vehiculer des agents pathogenes pour eux-memes mais egalement pour les volailles domestiques voire les mammiferes et l'homme. la Nouvelle-Caledonie jouit d'une situation zoosanitaire exceptionnelle qu'il faut preserver. Telle est la mission des veterinaires de differents organismes. Les auteurs presentent ici, en prenant l'ilot Surprise pour exemple, les etudes zoologiques et les bilans sanitaires realises sur l'avifaune marine des ilots du Pacifique Sud (Resume d'auteur)
An Automatic UAV Based Segmentation Approach for Pruning Biomass Estimation in Irregularly Spaced Chestnut Orchards

The agricultural and forestry sector is constantly evolving, also through the increased use of precision technologies including Remote Sensing (RS). Remotely biomass estimation (WaSfM) in wood production forests is already debated in the literature, but there is a lack of knowledge in quantifying pruning residues from canopy management. The aim of the present study was to verify the reliability of RS techniques for the estimation of pruning biomass through differences in the volume of canopy trees and to evaluate the performance of an unsupervised segmentation methodology as a feasible tool for the analysis of large areas. Remote sensed data were acquired on four uneven-aged and irregularly spaced chestnut orchards in Central Italy by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a multispectral camera. Chestnut geometric features were extracted using both supervised and unsupervised crown segmentation and then applying a double filtering process based on Canopy Height Model (CHM) and vegetation index threshold. The results show that UAV monitoring provides good performance in detecting biomass reduction after pruning, despite some differences between the trees’ geometric features. The proposed unsupervised methodology for tree detection and vegetation cover evaluation purposes showed good performance, with a low undetected tree percentage value (1.7%). Comparing crown projected volume reduction extracted by means of supervised and unsupervised approach, R2 ranged from 0.76 to 0.95 among all the sites. Finally, the validation step was assessed by evaluating correlations between measured and estimated pruning wood biomass (Wpw) for single and grouped sites (0.53 < R2 < 0.83). The method described in this work could provide effective strategic support for chestnut orchard management in line with a precision agriculture approach. In the context of the Circular Economy, a fast and cost-effective tool able to estimate the amounts of wastes available as by-products such as chestnut pruning residues can be included in an alternative and virtuous supply chain.
Flooding related traffic crashes: findings from association rules

Abstract In the United States, flooding related crashes have exposed the vulnerability of transport networks. Without realizing the depth of a flooded roadway, some may attempt to cross. At night during heavy storms, determining if a road is flooded is especially difficult. Only 18–24 inches of moving water are needed to sweep away a truck, and only 6 inches are needed to carry away a small car. Louisiana’s geographic location places the state in a unique position to receive both frontal tropical hurricanes and large air masses, which may result in high air moistures in almost any direction and drop rain with heavy intensity. In 2016, 12% of flooding related crashes occurred in Louisiana. During 2010–2016, flooding resulted in a total of 449 crashes in Louisiana with a total of 22 fatalities. This study collected seven years (2010–2016) of flooding related crash data to identify the key contributing factors. The findings show that two-way roadway with separation, rear-end crashes, higher average precipitation, and driver violations are frequently seen in the generated rules. This study provides a comprehensive picture of flooding related to traffic crashes; thus, targeting suitable countermeasures can be devised to reduce the number of crashes.
Spectral Video Compression Using Convolutional Sparse Coding

Spectral Videos (SV) are datasets containing spatial-spectral-and-temporal information of a moving scene and this kind of information have been successfully used in medicine, remote sensing, and military application. However, expensive acquisition processes and difficulties in equipment manufacture lead to low-resolution datasets. Therefore, super-resolution (SR) techniques have emerged as a processing tool that recovers a high-resolution dataset by expressing the measurements as compressed versions of the desired data. Furthermore, the Convolutional Sparse Coding (CSC) has been developed as a signal model that learns a dictionary directly from the target signal, improving the reconstruction quality. This work proposes to extend the CSC formulation to consider temporal correlations in SVs, exploiting the shifting invariance property of the CSC model. The simulation results show a PSNR improvement in up to 2.5dB with respect to the state-of-the-art methods, preserving the edges and textures of the spectral video frames.
Verocytotoxin producing E. Coli O157 on farms : prevalences, risk factors and transmission

Infection with verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 in humans can lead to mild or bloody diarrhoea, with e.g. the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) as possible complication. Cattle appear to be important reservoirs of O157 VTEC. The main objectives of research described in this thesis are investigating prevalences, risk factors, and transmission of O157 VTEC to understand the dynamics of O157 VTEC in Dutch cattle. Data from a monitoring program in Dutch animal herds indicated that O157 VTEC is endemic in The Netherlands, with higher prevalences during summer and early fall. Risk factors for infection were identified. Within-herd prevalence, potential environmental reservoirs, intermediate hosts and DNA types of O157 VTEC isolates were determined in a longitudinal study of a positive dairy farm. DNA clusters indicated persistence on the farm during winter and spring. Quantification of transmission using data from this dairy herd and from an experiment with calves showed that transmission was higher in calves. Transmission of O157 VTEC during summer might differ from transmission during winter. Two other experiments indicated that both previously infected heifers and previously contaminated pastures did not function as reservoir of O157 VTEC between shedding seasons. A retrospective cohort study established that positive farms from the Dutch monitoring program were only slightly more likely to be found positive in a next shedding season than previously negative farms, so between-herd transmission seems to occur. Factors associated with a positive test at second sampling implied (re-)introduction rather than long-term persistence of infection. Results of this thesis suggest that several types of O157 VTEC might persist on a farm for some time, with possibly different strains as the most prevailing types in subsequent shedding seasons. Ultimately, the within-herd infection might become extinct due to limiting numbers of susceptible cattle. Between-herd transmission of O157 VTEC can lead to persistence in a larger region, e.g. The Netherlands, maintaining the endemic status in Dutch cattle populations. Because of this, exposure of humans to O157 VTEC cannot be ruled out in The Netherlands. Humans might become infected through food- and waterborne transmission and by transmission directly from animals to humans. When aiming at reducing risks for humans by interventions at farm-level, it is of importance to reduce the number of positive animals and farms. For this, more specific research for the effect of intervention measures on introduction, transmission and survival of O157 VTEC on farms, and economic (cost-benefit) analysis, should be performed.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO SAZONAL DE PARASITOS BRANQUIAIS EM DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES EM PESQUE-PAGUE DO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARIBA-SP, BRASIL

This study was accomplished with the objective of knowing the seasonal distribution of the main species of parasites causes of branchial damages to the fish from fee-fishing at Guariba, State of Sao Paulo. This city is situated at 21 degrees 15'22'' S, 48 degrees 18'58'' W, in altitude 595 meters. This research was conducted between April, 1997 to March, 1999. From 408 fishes examined, 29.1% of them were infested by the protozoans e metazoans. Leporinus macrocephalus showed the highest parasitism by Trichodina sp. , although Piaractus mesopotamicus and Cyprinus carpio were also parasited. Piscinoodinium pillulare infestation were found in L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus, C. carpio e Colossoma macropomum. Monogenetics metazoan have largely been observed in L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus, C. carpio, C. macropomum e cross-bred tambacu. The incidence of this parasite was elevated in the summer for L. macrocephalus, spring for P. mesopotamicus and C. macropomum, and both seasons for cross-bred tambacu. Lernaea cyprinacea copepodes were observed in L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus, C. carpio and cross- breeding tambacu, in spite of the fact that C. carpio has demonstrated high parasitism of adult form. The fish L. macrocephalus, P. mesopotamicus and C. carpio were sponged intensely by Dolops carvalhoi, in situation of high population density. Piaractus mesopotamicus was considered the species more parasited by myxosporideos, that were also observed in L. macrocephalus and cross-breeding tambacu.
Crude Oil Price and Exchange Rate Nexus: An Ardl Bound Approach

This study investigates the impact of crude oil price on exchange rate in Nigeria using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model covering the period from 1983-2017. The results showed that crude oil price has negative and significant impact on exchange rate in both the long run and the short run whereas oil revenue and Gross Domestic Products have significant positive impact on exchange rate also in both the long-run and the short-run periods. The findings suggested that crude oil price which is the focal point of the study, could affect exchange rate in the both the long-run and the short-run. Therefore the study concludes that crude oil price, oil revenue and Gross domestic Products are among the determinants of exchange rate in Nigeria.
A New Mass-Conservative, Two-Dimensional, Semi-Implicit Numerical Scheme for the Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations in Gravel Bed Rivers with Erodible Fine Sediments

The selective trapping and erosion of fine particles that occur in a gravel bed river have important consequences for its stream ecology, water quality, and overall sediment budgeting. This is particularly relevant in water bodies that experience periodic alternation between sediment supply-limited conditions and high sediment loads, such as downstream from a dam. While experimental efforts have been spent to investigate fine sediment erosion and transport in gravel bed rivers, a comprehensive overview of the leading processes is hampered by the difficulties in performing flow field measurements below the gravel crest level. In this work, a new two-dimensional, semi-implicit numerical scheme for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of deposited and erodible sediment is presented, and tested against analytical solutions and performing numerical tests. The scheme is mass-conservative, computationally efficient, and allows for a fine discretization of the computational domain. Overall, this makes the model suitable to appreciate small-scales phenomena such as inter-grain circulation cells, thus offering a valid alternative to evaluate the shear stress distribution, on which erosion and transport processes depend, compared to traditional experimental approaches. In this work, we present proof-of-concept of the proposed model, while future research will focus on its extension to a three-dimensional and parallelized version, and on its application to real case studies.
COVID-19 and Mental Health

The infection caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) started from China and reached the whole world and was declared as pandemic by WHO. The COVID 19 poses challenges in all aspects of life including mental health for the entire human race. In the disturbed and crisis situation, the mental health care of people at different levels carries great importance: promotion, prevention and clinical care. First of all, we should not refer “COVID-19 case,” “victim,” “COVID-19 family,” but “person who have COVID-19,” “people who are being treated for COVID-19”, etc. Social distancing is a public health strategy to limit the spread of COVID-19. There may be a feeling of ostracism, abandonment and being neglected in people, particularly the elderly when they are isolated. Older adults, especially in isolation and those with cognitive decline or dementia, may become more anxious, angry, stressed, agitated, and withdrawn during the outbreak or while in quarantine. These people need emotional support through informal networks (families) and health professionals. Maintaining social networks in situations of isolations is essential for mental health. The treating physician should ensure basic emotional and practical support to affected people. Children need special attention to express their fear and sadness. Media has highlighted COVID-19 as a unique threat, rather than one of many, which has added to panic, stress, and the potential for hysteria. Information should be sought from WHO website and government health authorities’ platforms, in order to distinguish facts from rumours. Individuals with mental illness may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of widespread panic and threat. Instead of harassment, people with COVID 19 should be offer compassion, support via phone and texts, and assistance as appropriate, but never hostility or judgment. How to cite this article:Jiloha RC. COVID-19 and Mental Health. Epidem Int 2020; 5(1): 7-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048. 202002
Effekt: Capability-passing style for type- and effect-safe, extensible effect handlers in Scala

Abstract Effect handlers are a promising way to structure effectful programs in a modular way. We present the Scala library Effekt, which is centered around capability passing and implemented in terms of a monad for multi-prompt delimited continuations. Effekt is the first library implementation of effect handlers that supports effect safety and effect polymorphism without resorting to type-level programming. We describe a novel way of achieving effect safety using intersection types and path-dependent types. The effect system of our library design fits well into the programming paradigm of capability passing and is inspired by the effect system of Zhang & Myers (2019, Proc. ACM Program. Lang.3(POPL), 5:1-5:29). Capabilities carry an abstract type member, which represents an individual effect type and reflects the use of the capability on the type level. We represent effect rows as the contravariant intersection of effect types. Handlers introduce capabilities and remove components of the intersection type. Reusing the existing type system of Scala, we get effect subtyping and effect polymorphism for free.
Direct surface area measurement from digital images via brightness histogram method

A direct, shape- and scale-independent digital image measurement method of the surface area (SA) of individual objects is proposed. The algorithms presented herein utilize the brightness histogram of 8-bit greyscale images, and thus are referred to as a brightness histogram surface area measurement algorithm (BHSAMA). The proposed SA measurement technique allows the uncertainty of the single measurement reading to be evaluated by traditional error propagation. Furthermore, the numerical value of the propagated uncertainty reflects the pixel brightness gradient of the edge pixels. This fact alone presents a significant advantage to the current methods utilizing image segmentation and/or edge detection whose measurement uncertainties cannot be quantitatively analysed. The proposed method does not involve any shape-related approximations. Five examples illustrating the method are discussed. For method verification purposes, a series of digital simulations using a control sample of predetermined size is undertaken. The accuracy of the single measured SA reading is between 0.5% and 1.5%. The uncertainty of the measured SA is evaluated and discussed further as a function of two types of simulated blurred edge region. The two presented BHSAMA techniques can have a wide range of applicability, from nanoparticles to cell biology to aerial imagery.
Large time dynamics of 2D semi-dissipative Boussinesq equations

In this paper, we construct an alternative proof for the long-time behavior of large-data classical solutions to the 2D semi-dissipative Boussinesq equations without thermal diffusion on a bounded domain subject to the stress-free boundary conditions, which was previously studied in Doering et al (2018 Physica D 376/7 144–59). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach, we study the long-time behavior of large-data classical solutions to the initial-boundary value problem of a related model with density variance and subject to the no-flow boundary condition, for which the analytic technique utilized in Doering et al (2018 Physica D 376/7 144–59) is not directly accessible.