Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detección fenotípica y molecular de resistencia a meticilina en S. aureus

Detecting methicillin resistance is complicated due to the heterogeneity of its phenotypic expression, making its detection difficult in the laboratory; this has led to the development of several techniques to increase its expression in vitro. Four techniques for detecting methicillin resistance were evaluated: the disk diffusion method with oxacillin (OX, 1 μg) and cephoxitin (FOX, 30 μg); the screening test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and detection of PBP2a, using the presence of mecA gen as a reference method; 286 strains of S. aureus, were processed. The sensibility (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and efficiency (EFC) of each method were determined. A total of 50 oxacillin resistant, PBP2a positive (mecA positive) strains were obtained. Sensibility of the OX disk was 99.14%; and of the FOX disk was 100%. The SEN, PPV, NVP and EFC of the other methods were 100%. All the tests, except the OX disk diffusion method (99.14% of ESP), were 100% specific.
Tracing My Roots: An Ethnographic Review of “Sugars” Addiction

Abstract “Sugars” is an illicit drug cocktail that has gained popularity in Chatsworth, KwaZulu-Natal, which was prehistorically classified as an Indian township. This area has now become interracial but is still predominantly inhabited by South Africans of Indian descent. “Sugars” is a mixture of various ingredients including low-grade heroin, and its cycle of addiction has proven difficult to rehabilitate in affected individuals. This is possibly due to the variation in its composition, which may lead to ineffective treatment. Addiction is thought to be influenced by both genetic and environmental cues; therefore, this review provides an introspective view on how the living conditions in Chatsworth may have played a role in making its community susceptible to drug use. This review is therefore a reflexive ethnography, which uses the first authors’ childhood experiences of growing up in Chatsworth as a foundation to understand the challenges and experiences that the local community has been exposed to over the years. This review also focuses on the marketing tactics used in the illegal drug trade, the scientific background of “Sugars” and addiction, and possible suggestions on ameliorating the drug problem in South Africa. The combination of science and ethnographical viewpoints in this review article provides an interesting and informative perspective of the “Sugars” issue in Chatsworth, Durban, South Africa.
Using carbon isotope data of fossil bovid communities for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction

10–12 Vrba’s seminal work was based on a literature review of modern bovid population statistics in 16 game parks and reserves. 9 She observed that the percentage of alcelaphini plus antilopini never exceeded 30% of the total bovid population in areas with considerable tree and bush cover (hereafter ‘closed’ areas). In contrast, these tribes always exceeded 60% of the total bovid population in areas with few trees and bushes (hereafter ‘open’ areas) (Table 1). She applied this principle to fossil sites in order to reconstruct palaeoenvironments. For example, it was observed that since Makapansgat (at 3 million years ago) had a low percentage of alcelaphini and antilopini (28%), it reflected a relatively closed environment. In contrast, the high percentages of alcelaphini and antilopini (~80%) at the 1.8-Myr sites of Kromdraai and Swartkrans suggested far more open environments. 5
APA Book Talk: The Psychology of High Performance: Developing Human Potential Into Domain-Specific Talent

Psychologists and educators, fascinated with the beauty, grace, and sheer brilliance of extraordinary performers, share many words to describe their interest in outstanding production and performance. Some use the terms gifted and talented, particularly pertaining to children and adolescents. When high-performing adults get thrown into the mix, the terms expert and eminent are also used. We devote this volume to exploring what these terms mean, as well as their interrelationships, and address questions that increase our understanding of high performance. As part of this endeavor, we also identify significant gaps in research and practice that we hope will be filled before a revision of this volume comes out. Texts on giftedness and talent development tend to address what is known about identification, counseling, parenting, curriculum, or teacher preparation in a generic form—not how talent is manifested developmentally in domains. Certainly, focusing on advanced and brilliant young people with
Multi-Objective Optimization and Matching of Power Source for PHEV Based on Genetic Algorithm

Power system parameter matching is one of the key technologies in the development of hybrid electric vehicles. The power source is the key component of the power system which composed of engine, motor, and battery. Reasonable power source parameters are conducive to improve the power, fuel economy, and emission performance of vehicles. In this paper, regarding the problem that the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) parameter matching needs to weigh different design objectives, a multi-objective optimization and matching method based on a genetic algorithm is proposed. The vehicle dynamic model is established based on MATLAB/Simulink (Mathworks in Natick, Massachusetts, USA), and the feasibility of the model is verified by simulation. The main performance parameters of the power source are matched by theoretical analysis, and the PHEV integrated optimization simulation platform is established based on Isight(Dassault Systemes in Paris, France) and MALTAB/Simulink. Power source components are optimized considering fuel economy and lightweight objectives under the performance constraints. Firstly, the optimal matching results under different weights are obtained by transforming different objectives into single objective, and the multi-island genetic algorithm is used to obtain the optimal matching results in which the equivalent fuel consumption of 100km is reduced by 1%. Then the Pareto solution is obtained using the NSGA-II algorithm. The optimal matching results can be found after determining the weights of different design objectives, which proves the effectiveness and superiority of the multi-objective optimization matching method. The optimization results show that compared with the original vehicle, the fuel economy effect is increased by 2.26% and the lightweight effect is increased by 8.26%.
Synaptic interaction of hippocampal gabaergic neurones

Current concepts of hippocampal circuitry assume a large population of excitatory principal neurones whose activity is largely governed by a network of local-circuit GABAergic interneurones. The diversity of hippocampal local-circuit neurones and their synaptic control over principal cell activity was investigated in vitro , in order to define their synaptic connections and functional roles. Single and dual intracellular recordings were made from local-circuit neurones and pyramidal cells in area CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice. Interneurones were tentatively distinguished from pyramidal cells based on their firing as well as their membrane properties. Intracellular labelling of recorded cells with the marker biocytin revealed a diversity of cell types based on differential dendritic and axonal morphology and synaptic connections. The physiological data revealed that all types of interneurone tested evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in simultaneously recorded pyramidal cells. The IPSPs had fast rise and decay kinetics and the ones tested pharmacologically, were mediated by GABA A receptors. Similarly, individual interneurones were also shown to innervate other local-circuit interneurones in addition to pyramidal cells, the evoked effects being qualitatively similar in both types of postsynaptic targets. The postsynaptic effect and functional role of one type of hippocampal interneurone, the basket cell, was investigated in greater detail. Basket cell-evoked IPSPs were reliable, but showed some frequency-dependent attenuation. Moreover, basket cell IPSPs were found to interact with intrinsic pyramidal cell conductances to elicit rebound depolarisations and facilitate action potential generation. More detailed investigation showed that basket and axo-axonic cells were particularly effective in entraining pyramidal cell firing and sub-threshold membrane potential oscillations. Through these powerfully tuned mechanisms, sub-types of local-circuit interneurone provide a powerful mechanism to synchronise the activity of pyramidal cells. These results demonstrate a remarkable diversity of GABAergic local-circuit neurones in the hippocampal CA1 area and suggest that specific subtypes of cell mediate different functions.
High-resolution estimates of temporal mixing within shell beds: the evils and virtues of time-averaging

Abstract This study quantifies the fine structure of time-averaging by using large samples of dated shells collected from within individual strata. Time-averaging results in both good and bad news for interpreting bioclastic deposits. Nine samples of shells were collected from four Holocene cheniers on the Colorado Delta (Gulf of California) and 165 shells of the bivalve Chione fluctifraga were dated using 14C-calibrated amino acid racemization (D-alloisoleucine/L-isoleucine). The age range of shells within samples averages 661 years and, in seven out of nine samples, exceeds 500 years. The sample standard deviation ranges from 73 to 294 years and averages 203 years, far exceeding the dating errors (≪100 years) and potential variation in the life span of Chione (<10 years). Time-averaging is homogeneous among strata within cheniers but varies significantly among cheniers. Age-distributions of dated shells indicate that at 50-year resolution, the samples provide a continuous and uniform record for the entire interval. The actual sample completeness (63.6%) is very close to that predicted by simulations of sampling a 100% complete, uniform record (67.3%). The bad news is that, no matter how carefully collected, data from shell beds may not be suitable for studying processes on timescales shorter than 102 to 103 years; explanations for faunal change that invoke reasoning or models derived from a strictly ecological point of view may rarely be justifiable. Also, notable differences in temporal resolution between the shell beds of seemingly identical origin imply that paleontological patterns (e.g., species diversity) may be affected by cryptic variation in time-averaging. The comparison of our data with time-averaging estimates obtained from other cheniers at coarser sampling resolutions indicates that pooling of samples (analytical time-averaging) can significantly reduce the temporal resolution of paleontological data. The good news is that shell beds can record the optimal type of time-averaging: where paleobiological data are a time-weighted average of the faunal composition from the spectrum of environments that existed during the entire interval of time. Samples from single strata provide a long-term record that is representative of the predominating environments. Within the range of 14C dating, shell beds can provide a complete, high-resolution record, and thus may offer exceptional insights into the environmental and climatic changes of the last 40 thousand years.
Inclusive talent management in the public sector: theory and practice

Abstract The ‘war for talent’, the knowledge economy, and subsequent aging and exodus of the Boomer generation have put the topic of talent management at the forefront of practitioner literature for the past 30 years. Academic research, however, has taken time to catch up; where the topic of talent management remains a relatively unexplored, underdeveloped concept today. With the dynamic nature of today’s world of work, this paper looks to close current gaps in the talent management literature and contribute to broadening its scope. By connecting social capital theory, the process of knowledge transfer, and the concept of talent management, this paper makes six propositions regarding the barriers to, and subsequent facilitating practices of, knowledge sharing specifically in the context of a public sector organisation. The contributions and implications are discussed.
Reproductive and energetic costs of injury in the mangrove tree crab

Nonlethal injury is a common and ubiquitous feature of marine systems and can result in altered growth and survival rates. Ecological theory predicts that injured animals should face an energetic tradeoff between investing in recovery vs. investing in reproduction. Possible impacts on reproduction may range in magnitude from very strong (elimination of reproduction), to intermediate (reduced number of offspring), to weak (reduced investment in each offspring). While this tradeoff is well established in terrestrial systems, it has received little attention in the marine environment, particularly in a way that quantitatively relates the degree of injury to the degree of reproductive impact. We examined injury via limb loss across 4 sites in the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii. We found that limb loss was highest at the site that was closest to roads and had the highest level of human presence, and conversely, injury was lowest at the site furthest from the road and with the lowest level of human presence. We found evidence that the quality of consumed food likely decreases with the number of limbs lost, but found no influence of limb loss on amount of food consumed or on energy storage. We show that limb loss reduced the number of eggs produced and that the mass of the ovary declined with the number of regenerating limbs, providing direct evidence for a tradeoff between reproduction and injury recovery. Further, our study therefore suggests that these impacts may increase with the level of human disturbance.
Properties of the mean momentum balance in turbulent Taylor–Couette flow

This paper investigates the properties of the mean momentum balance (MMB) equation in the azimuthal $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ direction of a turbulent Taylor–Couette flow (TCF). The MMB-$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ equation is integrated to determine the properties of the Reynolds shear stress. An approximation is developed for the Reynolds shear stress in the core region of a turbulent TCF, and the dependence of the peak Reynolds shear stress location on the Reynolds number and the gap geometry is revealed. The properties of the global integral of the turbulent Coriolis force are also revealed. For a turbulent TCF with a small gap or at high Reynolds numbers, the global integral of the turbulent Coriolis force is found to be only weakly influenced by the rotation ratio of the cylinders. Two controlling non-dimensional numbers are derived directly from the scaling analysis of the MMB-$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ equation. The first is a geometry Atwood number $A_{t}\stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/r_{ctr}$ to characterize the gap geometry, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ is the gap half-width, and $r_{ctr}$ is the mid-gap radial location. The second is the friction Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F},i}$ defined as $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F},i}\stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}u_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F},i}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is the kinematic viscosity and $u_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F},i}$ is the friction velocity at the inner cylinder. A new three-layer structure is proposed for the inner half of a turbulent TCF at sufficiently high Reynolds number, based on the force balance in the MMB-$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ equation. Layer I is an inner layer, where the force balance is between the viscous force and the Reynolds shear force: $F_{visc}\approx -F_{turb}$. Layer III occupies the core of the gap, where the force balance is between the turbulent Coriolis force and the Reynolds shear force: $F_{cori}\approx -F_{turb}$. In Layer II, all three forces contribute to the balance. An inner scaling is developed for Layer I, and an outer scaling is developed for Layer III. The inner and outer scalings are verified against direct numerical simulation data. Similarities and differences between the turbulent TCF and a pressure-driven turbulent channel flow are elucidated.
Differential Diagnosis of a Glenoid Cyst in Omarthrosis: Hemangioma of the Glenoid – Resection and Reconstruction Using Autologous Bone-Graft and Special Implant

Hemangiomas belong to the benign tumors, that can occur in any bone of the human body. The typical localization are the vertebral spine and the skull. There is no reported case of an intraarticular glenoidal hemangioma so far. The current paper presents a case of a 48-year-old female with joint pain that started 2 years before. The clinical manifestations included limited range of motion (ROM) and load dependent, non-load dependent and night pain. Roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left shoulder showed degenerative changes of the glenohumeral cartilage and a big (11.8mm x 10.3 mm) intraglenoidal mass affecting the joint line. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was that of a cavernous hemangioma. The aim of the present study was to present the imaging presentation of glenoidal hemangioma and to show therapeutic options in case of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) with glenoidal bone loss due to hemangioma. In the present case no recurrence of the hemangioma and no complications of the implant in terms of loosening, infection or consisting were observed.
Immunology, an introduction

Introduction. General Principles of Immunology. Infections and Diseases. Key Biochemical Processes. Antigens and Antigenicity. Destruction of Foreign Material: The Myeloid System. The Mononuclear-Phagocytic System. Cellular Interactions. Antigen Processing and Histocompatibility Antigens. The Lymphoid Organs. Lymphocytes. The Helper T-Cell Response. Lymphokines and Cytokines. The Nature of Antibodies. The Response of B Cell to Antigen. The Genetic Basis of Antigen Recognition. The Complement System. The Measurement of Antigen and Antibody Combination. Effector T-Cell Function. Organ Transplantation. Resistance to Tumors. Tolerance. Regulation of the Immune Response. Immunity at Body Surfaces. Vaccines and Vaccination. Immunity to Infection. Defects in the Immune System. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Inflammation. Allergies: Type I Hypersensitivity. Other Hypersensitivities. Autoimmunity: Breakdown in Self Tolerance. The Phylogeny of the Immune System. Abbreviations. Glossary.
Adaptive Rewiring in Non-Uniform Coupled Oscillators

Structural plasticity of the brain can be represented in highly simplified form as adaptive rewiring; the relay of connections according to the spontaneous dynamic synchronization in network activity. Adaptive rewiring, over time, leads from initial random networks to complex networks, i.e. networks with modular small-world structures and a rich club effect. Adaptive rewiring has only been studied, however, in networks of identical oscillators with uniform or random coupling strengths. To implement information processing functions (e.g., stimulus selection or memory storage), it is necessary to consider symmetry-breaking perturbations of oscillator amplitudes and coupling strengths. We studied whether non-uniformities in amplitude or connection strength could operate in tandem with adaptive rewiring. Throughout network evolution, either amplitude or connection strength of a subset of oscillators were kept different from the rest. In these extreme conditions, subsets might become isolated from the rest of the network or otherwise interfere with development of network complexity. Whereas these subsets form distinctive structural and functional communities, this does not interfere with emergence of the characteristic network complexity. These results suggest that adaptive rewiring is robust against, and can operate in, information processing networks.
Temperature Dependent Hysteresis Modeling of a Piezotube Actuator Using Elman Neural Network

In this study, the hysteresis nonlinearities of a piezotube actuator are investigated under different levels of surrounding temperature. The experimental results show that increasing of the surrounding temperature contributes to an increase in the output displacement of the piezotube actuator under the input range that is considered in the experimental tests. In this study, we develop a hysteresis model integrates the dead-zone operator with Elman Neural Network (ENN) to model the temperature-dependent hysteresis nonlinearities. The simulation results show that the proposed temperature-dependent hysteresis model accounts for the temperature effects on the voltage-to-displacement hysteresis nonlinearities. The results show that the proposed model can characterize the voltage-to-displacement hysteresis loops over different levels of surrounding temperature.
Increasing returns to scale in the towns of early Tudor England

Abstract Urban agglomeration economies make cities central to theories of modern economic growth. There is historical evidence for the presence of Smithian growth and agglomeration effects in English towns c.1450-1670, but seminal assessments deny the presence of agglomeration effects and productivity gains to Early Modern English towns. This study evaluates the presence of increasing returns to scale (IRS) in aggregate urban economic outputs—the empirical signature of feedbacks between Smithian growth and agglomeration effects—among the towns of 16th century England. To do so, we test a model from settlement scaling theory against the 1524/5 Lay Subsidy returns. Analysis of these data indicates that Tudor towns exhibited IRS—a finding that is robust to alternative interpretations of the data. IRS holds even for the smallest towns in our sample, suggesting the absence of town size thresholds for the emergence of agglomeration effects. Spatial patterning of scaling residuals further suggests regional demand-side interactions with Smithian-agglomeration feedbacks. These findings suggest the presence of agglomeration effects and Smithian growth in pre-industrial English towns. This begs us to reconsider the economic performance of Early Modern English towns, and suggests that the qualitative economic dynamics of contemporary cities may be applicable to premodern settlements in general.
Design and analysis of interior permanent magnet machines equipped with novel semi‐overlapping windings

A novel winding topology comprising semi-overlapped windings has been proposed in this study. The main advantages of such winding over conventional-distributed (overlapping) and fractional-concentrated (non-overlapping) windings are having very short-end winding lengths and significantly low magnetomotive force harmonic content, respectively. The key design rules, basic properties, and other merits and demerits of the proposed novel winding topology are justified. The key performance characteristics of the proposed winding topology are disclosed through an interior-permanent magnet (IPM) machine. The obtained electromagnetic analysis results are compared with those of other IPM machines having conventional-distributed and fractional-concentrated windings. It has been demonstrated that the proposed winding topology promises significant superiorities such as improved efficiency with substantially reduced total axial length, low eddy current losses, and low risk of irreversible magnet demagnetisation over other winding topologies. The analysis is verified by finite-element analysis results and experiments on a prototype novel semi-overlapping winding IPM machine.