Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensorimotor Learning in Response to Errors in Task Performance

Abstract The human sensorimotor system is sensitive to both limb-related prediction errors and task-related performance errors. Prediction error signals are believed to drive implicit refinements to motor plans. However, an understanding of the mechanisms that performance errors stimulate has remained unclear largely because their effects have not been probed in isolation from prediction errors. Diverging from past work, we induced performance errors independent of prediction errors by shifting the location of a reach target but keeping the intended and actual kinematic consequences of the motion matched. Our first two experiments revealed that rather than implicit learning, motor adjustments in response to performance errors reflect the use of deliberative, volitional strategies. Our third experiment revealed a potential dissociation of performance-error-driven strategies based on error size. Specifically, behavioral changes following large errors were consistent with goal-directed or model-based control, known to be supported by connections between prefrontal cortex and associative striatum. In contrast, motor changes following smaller performance errors carried signatures of model-free stimulus-response learning, of the kind underpinned by pathways between motor cortical areas and sensorimotor striatum. Across all experiments, we also found remarkably faster re-learning, advocating that such “savings” is associated with retrieval of previously learned strategic error compensation and may not require a history of exposure to limb-related errors.
Association of adult attachment with delays in accessing specialist care in women with ovarian cancer

ABSTRACT Objective Advanced stage at diagnosis and delayed presentation are common in ovarian cancer (OC). The objective of the current study was to explore the association of adult attachment pattern with delays in accessing specialist oncology care in patients with OC. Methods A cross-sectional structured interview study of patients with OC presenting to an Indian cancer center was undertaken. Consenting patients completed Experiences of Close Relationships–Relationship Style questionnaire (ECR-RS) and Medical Outcome Survey–Social Support Survey (MOS–SSS). Multivariate linear regression with “time to presentation to cancer specialist” as the dependent variable was undertaken. Results In all, 132 of 155 (85%) patients with OC who were invited were interviewed. An increased ECR-RS attachment anxiety score (P = .01) and being part of a multigenerational extended household (P = .04) were both independently associated with delay in presentation to a cancer specialist. There was no association between delay in presentation and social support. Conclusions Among patients with OC, adult attachment may contribute to delays in presentation. It may be important for the cancer symptom awareness efforts in primary care to include educating physicians on recognizing and interacting with patients with insecure attachment styles. The association of delays in presentation for women with OC living in multigenerational extended households needs more indepth exploration. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2022. 2025510 .
An enriched environment re-establishes metabolic homeostasis by reducing obesity-induced inflammation

ABSTRACT Obesity can lead to chronic inflammation in different tissues, generating insulin and leptin resistance and alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, favoring the development of degenerative diseases, including type II diabetes. Congruently, the inflammatory signaling inhibition prevents the development of obesity and restores insulin sensitivity. Via the enhancement of central nervous system activity, an enriched environment (EE) has beneficial effects on learning and memory as well as on immune cell functions and inflammation in different disease models. Here, we explored whether an EE can restore energy balance in obese mice that previously presented metabolic alterations. We discovered that an EE improved glucose metabolism, increased insulin signaling in liver, and reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, and increased lipolysis and browning in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Finally, we found reduced inflammatory signaling and increased anorexigenic signaling in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice exposed to an EE. These data indicate that an EE is able to restore the metabolic imbalance caused by HFD feeding. Thus, we propose EE as a novel therapeutic approach for treating obesity-related metabolic alterations. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Development of a ligand for in vivo imaging of mutant huntingtin in Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes the pathologic mutant HTT (mHTT) protein with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Whereas several therapeutic programs targeting mHTT expression have advanced to clinical evaluation, methods to visualize mHTT protein species in the living brain are lacking. Here, we demonstrate the development and characterization of a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radioligand with high affinity and selectivity for mHTT aggregates. This small molecule radiolabeled with 11C ([11C]CHDI-180R) allowed noninvasive monitoring of mHTT pathology in the brain and could track region- and time-dependent suppression of mHTT in response to therapeutic interventions targeting mHTT expression in a rodent model. We further showed that in these animals, therapeutic agents that lowered mHTT in the striatum had a functional restorative effect that could be measured by preservation of striatal imaging markers, enabling a translational path to assess the functional effect of mHTT lowering. Description A small molecule that quantifies the causative agent of Huntington’s disease can be used to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Revealing mHTT in real-time Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the protein huntingtin (HTT), leading to accumulation of toxic mutant HTT (mHTT) aggregates. Development of therapies aiming to reduce mHTT is hindered by the lack of imaging methods to visualize mHTT in the living brain. Here, Bertoglio et al. developed a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radioligand that could be used to measure mHTT aggregates in the brain. This probe allowed noninvasive quantification of brain mHTT in a rodent model of HD during disease development and in response to therapeutic intervention, suggesting that PET imaging using this radioligand could be used for improving diagnosis and for measuring the effects of potential therapies.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain MM211, Isolated from Soil in Langenfeld, Germany

Here, we present the genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. strain MM211, which was isolated from garden soil. The complete circular genome consists of a 5,281,862-bp chromosome, with a GC content of 61.5%. ABSTRACT Here, we present the genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. strain MM211, which was isolated from garden soil. The complete circular genome consists of a 5,281,862-bp chromosome, with a GC content of 61.5%.
The long and the short of it: Mechanisms of synchronous and compensatory dynamics across temporal scales

Abstract Synchronous dynamics (fluctuations that occur in unison) are universal phenomena with widespread implications for ecological stability. Synchronous dynamics can amplify the destabilizing effect of environmental variability on ecosystem functions such as productivity, whereas the inverse, compensatory dynamics, can stabilize function. Here we combine simulation and empirical analyses to elucidate mechanisms that underlie patterns of synchronous versus compensatory dynamics. In both simulated and empirical communities, we show that synchronous and compensatory dynamics are not mutually exclusive but instead can vary by timescale. Our simulations identify multiple mechanisms that can generate timescale‐specific patterns, including different environmental drivers, diverse life histories, dispersal, and non‐stationary dynamics. We find that traditional metrics for quantifying synchronous dynamics are often biased toward long‐term drivers and may miss the importance of short‐term drivers. Our findings indicate key mechanisms to consider when assessing synchronous versus compensatory dynamics and our approach provides a pathway for disentangling these dynamics in natural systems.
Dead-time compensation method of restraining zero-current clamping effects for VSI

Voltage source inverter(VSI) has some problems caused by dead-time effects,such as phase-voltage and phase-current distortions,zero-current clamping effects,etc.To solve the problems,dead-time effects and zero-current clamping effects were analyzed,a main cause of zero-current clamping effects was found,and then a dead-time compensation algorithm was proposed.The algorithm doesn't have to check current polarity.Based on space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM),the dead-time compensation time was distributed to compensate two non-zero space voltage vectors according to their effective acting time ratio in every PWM period,and the dead-time compensation time was obtained by offline measurement.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm remarkably suppresses low-frequency current harmonic,effectively restrains zero-current clamping effects,greatly minimizes current distortions,and improves operation performance at low speed.
Effect of integrative medicines on 28-day mortality from sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE The aim is to perform a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of different Chinese medicines combined with Western medicine treatment (WMT) on the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched multiple databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), using keywords such as sepsis, Shenfu, Shenmai, Shengmai, Dahuang Fuzi, Xuebijing, and mortality. The databases we searched included the China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database, the Chinese scientific journal database (VIP), the Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), PubMed, Embase and Cochrane. The collection time was from inception through September 22, 2020. Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the evidence. Stata15 was used for network meta-analysis, and Excel was used to summarize the list of adverse reactions. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies with a total of 3201 patients were included in this study. Combined with WMT, Shenfu injection [OR = 0.63, 95% CI = (0.47, 0.83)] and Xuebijing injection [OR = 0.71, 95% CI = (0.52, 0.96)] can significantly reduce 28-day mortality among patients with sepsis, while Shenmai injection [OR = 0.40, 95% CI = (0.16, 1.03)] and Dahuang Fuzi decoction [OR = 1.00, 95% CI = (0.48, 2.10)] cannot significantly improve on the 28-day mortality. The efficacy ranking is as follows: Shenmai group (level of evidence: low) > Shenfu group (level of evidence: low) > Xuebijing group (level of evidence: very low) > WMT group > Dahuangfuzi group (level of evidence: very low). CONCLUSIONS Combined with WMT, Shenfu injection or Xuebijing injection can reduce the 28-day mortality among patients with sepsis. The Shenfu group had the best effect on outcomes, and its level of evidence was higher than that of the Xuebijing group.
A systematic review of evaluating the efficacy of acne scar treatment by Fractional Laser with or without using adjunctive treatments

ABSTRACT Fractional laser (FL) resurfacing has proved its effectiveness in acne scars treatments. To evaluate the efficacy of Fractional laser systems for treatment of acne scars as a monotherapy, and as adjunctive therapy with other treatment types. A systematic literature review was performed by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Fractional laser has proven therapeutic efficacy of over 26% in treating acne scars, with minor and transient side effects, and well-tolerant pain. The application of PRP not only accelerated recovery and reduced adverse events, but also enhanced localized collagen neogenesis and redistribution. The addition of surgical treatments to Fractional Laser Systemes (FLS) therapy delivers the best treatment results for Icepick scars. Fractional laser is an effective tool for treating acne scars. The degree of effectiveness varies according to the laser parameters, the number of treatment sessions, skin photo type, the severity and the type of scars. The application of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedle (FRM) in addition to the FL treatment improves the therapeutic efficacy and reduces the appearance of Post Inflammatory Hyper-Pigmentation (PIH), and is the ideal treatment for dark-skinned patients. FL therapy along with surgical methods such as subsicion and punch techniques provided the best improvements for deep scars.
16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing Data of Bacterial Community of Freshwater Sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis

Our study was devoted to investigating the mass disease and mortality of freshwater sponges (Lubomirskiidae) in Lake Baikal. The first sights of the disease were discovered in 2011 and were associated with a shift in sponge microbial diversity. To study the microbiome, we performed sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicon DNA extracted from the freshwater sponges. ABSTRACT Our study was devoted to investigating the mass disease and mortality of freshwater sponges (Lubomirskiidae) in Lake Baikal. The first sights of the disease were discovered in 2011 and were associated with a shift in sponge microbial diversity. To study the microbiome, we performed sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicon DNA extracted from the freshwater sponges.
Azelaic acid loaded chitosan and HPMC based hydrogels for treatment of acne: formulation, characterization, in vitro-ex vivo evaluation

Abstract In this study, hydrogels containing azelaic acid were developed using chitosan or HPMC (1–7%) for local treatment of acne vulgaris. Physicochemical properties such as viscosity, pH and mechanical properties were evaluated. In vitro release and ex vivo permeability studies were performed using the Franz diffusion cell system. The pH of the hydrogels was highly compatible with the skin pH and varied between 4.38 and 5.84. The cumulative release percentages of the hydrogels at the end of 6 hours were 65–78%, whereas the marketed product yielded 50% drug release. According to the ex vivo permeability results, azelaic acid accumulated in the skin was found to be 9.38 ± 0.65% (marketed cream), 19.53 ± 1.06% (K3), 10.96 ± 1.91% (H6). The antiacne studies with Cutibacterium acnes revealed that K3 (29.45 ± 0.95) and H6 (32.35 ± 0.15) had higher inhibition zones compared to the marketed cream (24.50 ± 0.90). Additionally, the gels were found to be highly stable as a result of the stability studies for 6 months. Among the hydrogels that were prepared based on experimental findings, K3 (3% Chitosan) and H6 (6% HPMC) represented elevated in vitro release profile, higher permeability and increased antiacne activity. The findings of this research suggest that the developed hydrogels might be an alternative to the marketed product.
A cost analysis of sorafenib for desmoid tumors

Introduction A recent randomized trial demonstrated that sorafenib improved progression free survival (PFS) in patients with desmoid tumors despite many patients experiencing stable disease or spontaneous regression without treatment. Utilizing these trial data, we performed a cost analysis of sorafenib efficacy through two years of treatment. Methods Current Medicare Part D rates for sorafenib were utilized (dose 400 mg/day, cost $309/day). Annual costs per progression and objective response were calculated. Radiologic progression and response were defined using RECIST criteria. Patients with disease progression were separately analyzed in two groups: both clinical and radiologic (CAR), and radiologic alone. Results 84 previously randomized patients were analyzed (placebo: 35, sorafenib: 49). At one year, sorafenib was associated with a 43% absolute risk reduction (ARR) of CAR progression and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 2.3 patients/year, costing $259,406. At two years, ARR was 48% and NNT of 2.1 patients/year, costing $473,697. When evaluating only patients with RECIST defined radiologic progression, sorafenib patients experienced ARR of 13.9% with NNT 7.2 and estimated costs of $812,052 at one year. Two-year ARR was 17.5% with NNT 5.7 and estimated costs $1,285,052. Sorafenib patients experienced improved RECIST partial response rates at 1 and 2 years of 14.7% and 14.3%, with NNT 6.8 and 6.9, and costs of $766,938 and $1,556,433; respectively. Conclusion For the treatment of desmoid tumors, Sorafenib led to improved PFS, but at a significant cost per patient. Favorable RECIST outcomes were less likely and costlier. Patients should be informed of possible benefits of treatment versus potential financial burden.
Macroscopic and histopathological features of acute peritoneal infection in diabetic and euglycemic Wistar rats

Introduction Impact of the secondary peritoneal infections on the peritoneal morphology in diabetic population remains unclear. Aim of the study To study the histopathological changes of the peritoneum due to secondary bacterial peritonitis in diabetic rats in comparison to the normoglycemic animals. Methods and materials 13 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: control (n = 3) and experimental (n = 10). The latter was subdivided into non-diabetic (n = 5) and diabetic (n = 5). T1DM and peritonitis were induced through the single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml of the faecal matter, respectively. Results Macroscopic findings of diabetic rat peritoneum included significant accumulation of the exudate in the peritoneal cavity and presence of intraintestinal adhesions and abscesses. Morphology of the peritonium presented with diffuse, profound degenerative and inflammatory lesions involving the subjacent tissues. In contrast, the underlying muscular layer of the non-diabetic rats remained intact. Conclusions Natural course of the peritoneal infection in diabetic rats (48 hours) is characterised by diffuse severe peritonitis with interintestinal abscess formation and more profound subadjacent tissue involvement in comparison with non-diabetic rats.
Technical feasibility and efficacy of a standard needle magnetization system for ultrasound needle guidance in thyroid nodule-targeting punctures: a phantom study

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of an ultrasound needle guidance system (NGS) based on standard needle magnetization in a phantom study of thyroid nodule (TN)-targeting punctures. Methods Six trainees and a staff radiologist performed TN-targeting punctures with or without the NGS in phantom models (group 1, experience <50 cases; group 2, experience ≥50 cases and <100 cases; group 3, experience ≥100 cases of TN-targeting punctures). The feasibility, technical success rate, number of punctures, and procedure time were recorded. Results The feasibility of NGS was 98.6% (138/140). In group 1, the technical success rate increased from 60.0%±8.2% to 80.0%±8.2% when the NGS was used (P=0.046), with a reduction in the number of punctures from 2.2 to 1.2 (P=0.005). In group 2, the rate changed from 95.0%±5.8% to 100.0%±0.0% with the NGS (P=0.157), with a minimal decrease in the number of punctures from 1.1 to 1.0 (P=0.157). The procedure time significantly decreased in both groups (P=0.041 and P=0.010, respectively) when the NGS was used. In group 3, there were no significant differences in the technical success rate and the number of punctures according to whether the NGS was used (P=0.317 and P=0.317, respectively). Conclusion NGS using standard needle magnetization is technically feasible and has potential to improve the efficacy of TN-targeting punctures for less-experienced operators, especially beginners, according to the findings of this phantom study.
Personalized seizure signature: An interpretable approach to false alarm reduction for long‐term epileptic seizure detection

Long‐term automatic detection of focal seizures remains one of the major challenges in epilepsy due to the unacceptably high number of false alarms from state‐of‐the‐art methods. Our aim was to investigate to what extent a new patient‐specific approach based on similarly occurring morphological electroencephalographic (EEG) signal patterns could be used to distinguish seizures from nonseizure events, as well as to estimate its maximum performance.
Investigation of Chloroquine Resinate Feasibility and In Vitro Taste Masking Evaluation for Pediatric Formulations

In this study, chloroquine resinates were prepared at a 1:1 (w:w) drug-to-resin ratio using the batch method with polacrilex (PC), sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), and polacrilin potassium (PP) ion exchange resins (IER). The influence of drug/resin ratio and pH of the medium on drug loading efficiency was explored. UV-VIS spectrophotometric analysis showed that SPS resin had high loading efficiency for chloroquine diphosphate (CLP), above 89%, regardless of the pH. PP resin was more effective at pH 5.0 (90.68%) than at pH 1.0 (2.09%), and PC resin had only 27.63% of CLP loading efficiency. CLP complexation with IER yielded amorphous mixtures according to results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thus indicating drug-resin interaction. The taste masking efficiency was evaluated with in vitro methods using an adapted dissolution test and an electronic tongue system. During dissolution tests, SPS released only 1.0% of CLP after 300 s, while PP released over 10% after 90 s in simulated saliva solution. The electronic tongue distinguished the samples containing CLP, resins, and resinates by using multidimensional projection techniques that indicated an effective drug taste masking. In an accelerated stability study, the drug contents did not decrease in chloroquine resinates, and there was no physical degradation of the resinates after 60 days. Using chloroquine resinates therefore represents a novel way to evaluate taste masking in vitro which is relevant for the early formulation development process.
Robot-assisted magnetic capsule endoscopy; navigating colorectal inclinations

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the interaction of a robot assisted magnetically driven wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) with colonic tissue, as it traverses the colorectal bends in the dorsal and ventral directions, relying only on the feedback from a 3D accelerometer. We also investigate the impact of shell geometry and water insufflation on WCE locomotion. Methods: A 3D printed incline phantom, lined with porcine colon, was used as the experimental platform, for controlled and repeatable results. The tilt angle of WCE was controlled to observe its influence on WCE locomotion. The phantom was placed underwater to observe the effects of water insufflation. The experiments were repeated using the two capsule shell geometries to observe the effect of shell geometry on WCE locomotion. Results: Friction between WCE and intestinal tissue increased when the tilt angle of the WCE was lower than the angle of the incline of the phantom. Increasing the WCE tilt angle to match the angle of the incline reduced this friction. Water insufflation and elliptical capsule shell geometry reduced the friction further. Conclusion: Tilting of the WCE equal to, or more than the angle of the incline improved the WCE locomotion. WCE locomotion was also improved by using elliptical capsule shell geometry and water insufflation. Abbreviations: CRC: colorectal cancer; GI: gastrointestinal; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; WCE: wireless capsule endoscope