Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EUVL mask challenges and how International SEMATECH is addressing them

Many technological challenges exist for the timely introduction of successive generations of integrated circuits with decreasing feature size. Lithography at dimensions commensurate with those described in the International Roadmap for Semiconductors at technology nodes with half pitch ≤45nm will require complex masks for 193nm immersion or EUV masks. ISMT has a five-year alliance with the State University of New York at Albany to develop EUV mask blanks and EUV resist. A process line to develop low defect extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask blank multilayers is operational. ISMT is also working with commercial suppliers, who are fabricating EUV mask substrates and multilayer-coated mask blanks. Tools and processes for fabricating, inspecting, reviewing defects and repairing defects for EUV mask blanks are being developed as well. In addition, standards for EUV mask blank requirements and strategies for maintaining defect free EUV masks are being investigated.
The Effects of Leadership Style on Students Performance

The organization of the leader has to be ready in all aspects of activities to lead effectively. Similarly, department heads are responsible for promoting good teaching and learning practices among teachers and students. This study was aimed to examine which leadership style used by Natural and computational college of Debre Berhan University and the relationship between the leadership style and college effectiveness in students' performance. The sample were 95 females and 125 males; 16 administrators (college head, associate deans, coordinators, department heads, and officers), and 24 student monitors with available sampling, and out of 312 teachers,180 with simple random sampling. The researchers used questionnaires, focused group discussion and observation to collect data. The data was analyzed employed both qualitative and quantitative analysis and a descriptive survey design. The overall result indicated that transformational leadership and autocratic styles were highly applied than the remaining leadership wo leadership styles because its components are (0.895,0.7140 and 0.887,0.674) respectively revealed that these are the main components in leading the college while others are used moderately and rarely. It was also revealed that the selected college students and workers perform reasonably better. Moreover, both teachers and students were satisfied with their college leaders that indicated that the performance of teachers and students is the direct reflection of leadership styles. It was recommended that the college head and his subordinate coordinators should improve their way of transformational and autocratic leadership style since they were found as the best factor of student performance.
Combining Engineering Judgment and an Optimization Model to Increase Hydraulic and Energy Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for optimizing the operations of water distribution networks. The methodology combines the use of best management practices with a pseudogenetic algorithm, and has been applied to solve the problem of the battle of background leakage assessment for water networks. This problem involves more than 70,000 decision variables. To reduce this number, the problem was divided into three steps. First, a preliminary analysis was performed to define criteria for the replacement of pipes and pumps with a definition of potential subareas. Then, an optimization model was used to determine the pump schedule and pipe replacement. Finally, fine adjustments were performed including pump replacement, control pressure valve usage, and valve-setting definition. The main conclusion derived from this work is that a proper combination of optimization techniques and manual adjustments based on the use of engineering judgment is suitable to solve generic problems in water supply networks.
Application of 23 Factorial Design Experiments for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on ASTM A36 Steel Welds

ASTM A36 carbon steel is the most commonly available of the hot-rolled steels. This specification covers carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars of structural quality for use in riveted, bolted, or welded construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes. The research was to study the in effected of gas tungsten arc welding parameters which effects the hardness and physical characteristics of welding for carbon steel ASTM A36. The specimen was carbon steel sheet metal 6 mm thick. The 23 factors experiment was used polarity direct current electrode negative (DCEN) and alternating current (AC), welding current at 90 and100 amperes with tungsten electrode angles at 30 and 60degree. The weld sample was test by hardness and penetration. The result showed that polarity, welding current and tungsten electrode angle had on interaction on hardness and penetration at 95% confidence (p-value < 0.05). The factors made maximum hardness was polarity AC, welding current 100 amp. and tungsten angle 60๐of 803.16 HV. The factors made maximum penetration was polarity DCEN, welding current 100 amp. and tungsten angle 60๐ of 2.71mm. The research data can be used to determine the appropriate gas tungsten arc welding process of carbon steel weld.
Intel Mote‐based sensor networks

The Intel Mote is a new sensor node platform motivated by several design goals: increased CPU performance, improved radio bandwidth and reliability, as well as the usage of commercial off‐the‐shelf components in order to maintain cost‐effectiveness. This paper details the new platform architecture as well as practical experiences with the new mote regarding CPU and radio performance, networking algorithms, and battery life.
Application of a Measuring System for Visual Judgment Ability of Drivers in Real Three-Dimension Space

This paper introduces the application method of a measuring system for visual judgment ability of drivers in real three-dimension space (3D) based on the visual attention theory. The measuring system can simulate the traffic environment and driving conditions, and is made up of five parts, signal display system, data recording system, traffic environment simulation system, experimental seat and computer control system. It can control the peripheral environment illuminance and the appearance of stimulus at the target locations, and change the colour of stimulus. The paper demonstrated that the measuring system can be used to examine the reaction time and judgment response of drivers in real three-dimension space during driving, and show that the response ability training for visual attention of drivers can improve the vision judgment ability.
Search Method of Sun Using Fixed Five Photodiode Sensor

The direction sensor for light source has been developed using five photodiodes (PD's) which are three-dimensionally arranged on a frustum of pyramid. It was named 5 PD light sensor. It is useful for the electric generation of solar cells to search the direction of the sun. The Lambert's law that the irradiance to a given surface depends on the cosine element of incident angle under the uniformly parallel light like the sun is applied to decide the direction. The direction is obtained by calculating the output of three photodiodes faced to the light source. The maximum difference of about 6 degree is experimentally obtained in the direction between the real light source and the calculated value. It is not considered that the difference largely affects on using the 5 PD light sensor to the control of solar cells.
Technical and Tariff Scenarios Effect on Microturbine Trigenerative Applications

The paper considers the use of gas fired micro turbine generators (MTG) for trigeneration (combined production of electricity, heating, and cooling) applications in tertiary buildings. The importance of the adopted MTG technology is investigated, showing that the high electrical efficiency levels achievable by future advanced ceramic MTGs would improve dramatically the economic competitiveness of the application, as well as the primary energy savings and environmental benefits. Calculations are performed by the simulation code TRIGEN, capable of optimizing the plant operating mode in each time step and integrating the results over the entire year. The requirement of a target energy saving index on the optimization procedure is also addressed.
Oral Cannabidiol Prevents Allodynia and Neurological Dysfunctions in a Mouse Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurological dysfunctions are the most impactful and persistent consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Indeed, previous reports suggest that an association between TBI and chronic pain syndromes, as well anxio-depressive behaviors, tends to be more common in patients with mild forms of TBI. At present, no effective treatment options are available for these symptoms. In the present study, we used a weight drop mild TBI mouse model to investigate the effect of a commercially available 10% Cannabidiol (CBD) oil on both the sensorial and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions associated with mild TBI through behavioral and biomolecular approaches. TBI mice developed chronic pain associated with anxious and aggressive behavior, followed by a late depressive-like behavior and impaired social interaction. Such behaviors were related with specific changes in neurotransmitters release at cortical levels. CBD oral treatment restored the behavioral alterations and partially normalized the cortical biochemical changes. In conclusion, our data show some of the brain modifications probably responsible for the behavioral phenotype associated with TBI and suggest the CBD as a pharmacological tool to improve neurological dysfunctions caused by the trauma.
Research on GNSS/SINS Tightly Coupled Integrated Navigation System

When a missile runs under the complex situation such as high dynamic flying, receiver signal being blocked and so on, the GNSS receiver sometimes gets less than four satellites. For the loosely coupled system, the navigation accuracy will decrease over time. In this paper ,tightly coupled integrated navigation system which is based on pseudo range and pseudo range rate dynamically adjusts the dimension of the system according to the number of visible satellites, in order to achieve seamlessly navigation; a multiple step optimum precision factor satellite selection algorithm is proposed, an error compensation method which is based on the state transition is designed and implemented. Experiments show that when the number of visible satellites changes, tightly coupled system can seamlessly switch, when more than four satellites are received, the multiple step optimum precision factor selection algorithm can provide a combination of high precision satellites, by applying the error compensation method to calibrating the system, high-precision navigation can be achieved.
An Analysis of Enterprise Investment Decision Based on Cournot-Nash Equilibrium

Cournot-Nash equilibrium is introduced into the traditional options game model, and the manifestation of this model under the condition is studied. Besides, a numerical method is used for solving investment values and thresholds of the leader enterprise and the follower enterprise. The results showed that both enterprises still have determined investment thresholds under Cournot-Nash equilibrium. In contrast, the follower enterprise investment threshold has a higher sensitivity to its own factors, but its present investment value is less subject to its own threshold and market demand; the leader enterprise performs contrary to the follower. Comparative advantages of marginal operating costs and investment sunk costs determine enterprise roles.
Qualitative input-output analysis and national innovation system in Slovakia

The aim of this paper is to identify national innovation system (NIS) in the Slovak Republic by the means of sub-system minimal flow analysis (SMFA). SMFA revealed that the core of the NIS in Slovakia is based on innovation activities in rubber and plastic industry, basic metals production, chemical industry and machinery and equipments production. It also revealed underdevelopment of Slovakia in the structure of production in relation to perspective technology fields as well as in the level of technology flows. The results could help government to support innovative entrepreneurs operating in perspective technology fields. Innovation policy based on these results could support the economic growth founded on innovation driven entrepreneurship.
Spectral absorption analysis in AlGaAs/GaAs photodetectors

Spectral photoresponsivity measurements on AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with lateral heterodimensional metal contacts show a peak near the absorption edge of GaAs under low incident power and high biasing conditions. To model this behavior we expand on the photoreflection analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures by spatially modulating the optical properties of the GaAs absorption layer as a result of the built-in electric field and the quantum confinement near the interface. Simulations which combine spatial variations in the absorption properties with an existing model of charge collection for metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors have been able to reproduce the spectral results observed during experimentation.
Research on the Pizeoelectric Driving Micro-Flux Valve Power Supply

In order to decrease output micro-flux ripple wave characteristics of the piezoelectric driven micro-flux valve, it carried out research on piezoelectric ceramics driving power supply. In the research, it especially designed the low-voltage and high-voltage stabilizing circuit, small signal amplifying circuit and power amplifying circuit. By applying the power supply, the function signal would be amplified to a high-voltage output to drive the piezoelectric ceramics stack (PZT) to control displacement of the micro-flux valve’s spool, and then realize precise control the micro-flux of the valve. At last, it carried out experimentations on the output characteristics of the power supply, and the experimental results proved the output signal of the power supply have excellent input-output linearity and small ripple wave characteristics, and the high-voltage output ripple wave error is less than 10mV. More over, it used the power supply to drive an 8×8×20mm PZT with capacitance 2.3, and measured the quickly discharging characteristics. The results prove the quickly discharging time is only 10.10ms when the driving voltage is 180V, which means the power supply has excellent quickly discharging characteristics.
Analysis of body sliding along cable

Paper discusess a dynamic engineering problem of a mass attached to a pendulum sliding along a cable. In this problem the pendulum mass and the cable are coupled together in a model described by a system of differential algebraic equations (DAE). In the paper we have presented formulation of the system of differential equations that models the problem and determination of the initial conditions. The developed model is general in a sense of free choice of support location, elastic cable properties, pendulum length and inclusion of braking forces. Examples illustrate and validate the model.
Comparing Public–Private Partnerships with Conventional Procurement

Value for money (VfM) analyses have been used in evaluating various approaches to highway projects to help government officials determine whether a public–private partnership (PPP) is likely to be preferable for financial reasons to conventional approaches. VfM is a tool that focuses primarily on the financial impacts of procurement models from the perspective of the agency sponsoring a project. Nonfinancial impacts, such as benefits to users or nonusers of a facility, are not generally considered or are relegated to a qualitative evaluation. Benefit–cost analysis (BCA) has been used by public agencies in planning and project development phases to determine whether an investment is worth making. BCA is a more comprehensive tool than VfM that is capable of quantifying and monetizing nonfinancial impacts, such as benefits to users or nonusers that may accrue from earlier delivery of a project. This paper discusses how BCA considerations may be incorporated into a more analytically comprehensive approach to comparing PPPs with conventional procurement. The approach uses some results from VfM analysis and adds new items that are consistent with a BCA approach. The paper illustrates the approach with a hypothetical project.
E-sourcing in a buyer-operator-seller perspective: Benefits and criticalities

More and more companies are leveraging Internet technologies in order to improve their business processes. A particular process strongly influenced by the Internet is the sourcing process, including requirements definition, suppliers scouting and qualification, request for bid, and final negotiation and selection. A number of B2B operators have started providing e-sourcing services, the most well known being electronic auctions, to allow companies to increase their efficiency in this specific process. This paper discusses this phenomenon in the Italian landscape and aims at identifying the main adopted e-sourcing services, areas of applicability of e-sourcing and electronic auctions, and finally, the main benefits and criticalities for both buyers and sellers involved in the sourcing process. This research is part of a wider project conducted by Politecnico di Milano over the period July 2002–January 2003 studying B2B interactions over the Internet. Empirical evidence is based on 24 case studies involving both B2B operators, industrial customers and suppliers.
A Development of Instrument for Luxury Hotel Websites` Assessment

This study was designed to develop an instrument for evaluation of luxury hotels` Web site using the modified Balanced Scorecard and Analytical Hierarchy Process (BSCAHP). First, the modified BSC: four evaluation perspectives and critical success factors (CSFs) were developed using a focus group after the review of literature. Second, a final Web site evaluation instrument was developed through AHP. Finally, the standardized matrix was constructed to evaluate the Web site of luxury hotels. The results indicated that `user security` (0.182) and `use friendless`(0.108) appeared to be the most important factors among sixteen CSFs. Also, `customer perspective`(0.474) was the most important of the four perspectives. The current study provided valuable knowledge and information about Web site evaluation.
Space bandwidth considerations for optical encryption systems

There has been considerable attention paid in recent literature to the use of optical signal processing in the field of image encryption and security. In most cases this involves the use of optical transforms based on quadratic phase systems (to implement the optical Fourier Transform (FT), the optical fractional Fourier Transform (FRT), the Fresnel transform (FST) and the most general Linear Canonical Transform (LCT). Random phase screens or random shifting.stages are applied after optically transforming to a new domain. The process may be repeated for deeper encryption. Each stage of the encryption process may change the position and spatial extension of the complex distribution on the plane normal to the propagation axis. Each stage may also change the frequency distribution of the signal. Therefore, the space bandwidth product (SBP), which is equal to the number of discrete samples that are required to fully represent our signal, will also change. In general the encrypted image is complex and recording must be carried out using a holographic material or using digital holographic methods. In each case it is desirable to know the spatial extension of the signal to be recorded, its position, and its spatial frequency extension. In this way we can determine which holographic materials will meet the criteria or which cameras will have a suitable number of pixels, greater than or equal to the space bandwidth product, if digital holography is used. We show how the matrices associated with the effect of a LCT on the Wigner Distribution Function (WDF) provide us with an efficient method for finding the position, spatial extent, spatial frequency extent and space bandwidth product of the encrypted signal. We review a number of methods, which have recently been proposed in the literature for the encryption of two-dimensional information using optical systems based on the FT, FRT, FST and LCT. We apply the new matrix technique to some of them.
The surge analysis of induction heating power supply with PLL

This paper presents the mechanism of surges with induction heating power supply. A 2 kW full-bridge series resonant inverter based on zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and phase-locked-loop (PLL) control is used as a power supply. In this inverter, the PLL does not only keep the output current and voltage in phase but also manage the system to operate at ZVS mode. When the PLL mismatches the resonant frequency in a manner of phase lead, the inverter works at the nonZVS mode and the surge voltage appears on the switching elements heavily, which is almost decided by the recovery energy of drain-source diode of power devices. The surge model found in this paper is very useful.
HYDRODYNAMIC SCALING APPROACHES FOR THE BIOMIMETIC DESIGN OF MICROFLUIDIC CHANNELS

It is now possible to fabricate networks of micro-channels that mimic the bifurcating structures found in biological vasculatures. The optimum ratio between the diameters of the parent and daughter branches in biological vascular systems can be described by Murray’s law. If the network consists of symmetric bifurcations, an important consequence of Murray’s law is that the tangential shear stress at the wall will remain constant throughout successive generations. This important hydrodynamic concept can be used to provide the basis for developing simple but elegant biomimetic design rules that can be applied to microfluidic networks with arbitrary cross-sectional geometries. The present paper shows how biomimetic networks of constant-depth rectangular and trapezoidal channels can be fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques. The design rule employed is based on the mean shear stress and is used to predict and control the stress distribution within the hierarchical network. The validation of the biomimetic design rule is obtained through a comprehensive series of computational fluid dynamic studies. A range of alternative biomimetic and hydrodynamic scaling principles are also discussed, including power and Reynolds number, that enable different parameters to be controlled in each successive generation.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
25 GB Read-Only Disk System using the Two-Dimensional Equalizer

In order to achieve a higher density disk system, we applied a two-dimensional equalizer along with a limit equalizer to an optical disk drive system which has an objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.85 and a thin transparent cover layer of 0.1 mm thickness. Consequently we realized the 25 GB read-only disk system with sufficient margins against disk tilt and defocus. The two-dimensional equalizer is composed of a cross-talk cancel system and a tangential adaptive equalizer, and could prevent deterioration due to inter-symbol interference and cross-talk from adjacent tracks. Using the limit equalizer could prevent deterioration due to disk noise. By measuring the jitter with the limit equalizer, which has an ability to expand the system margin almost equivalent to that of the Viterbi decoder, we could evaluate the disk quality for standardization and verification.