Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The emergence of relationship-based retailing–a perspective from the fashion sector

Challenging the sceptical view that consumers would not buy apparel and accessories without feeling the fabric and testing for size and look, online fashion sales is growing fast. Yet, the myriad of recent business model developments in the sector depicts a disorderly environment lacking frameworks and typologies to facilitate understanding and explain different business propositions. In this paper, we report the preliminary findings of a work-in-progress study being developed in the fashion retail sector. Initial analysis showed a regular presence of relationship-based functionalities in current business models emerged in the electronic fashion retailing context. It is also possible to notice a widespread adoption of relationship-based functionalities across different business models in the sector. The models are presented under a conceptual framework developed to support and facilitate understanding of the core functionalities they implement. Furthermore, the study also identified click-and-mortar initiatives where fashion retailers integrate online relationship-based functionalities into their conventional brick-and-mortar operations. An interesting aspect observed in the study is the augmented scope of the relationships that fashion retailers are now able to explore. This is mainly due to the positioning of customers’ social networks into the retailers’ reach by the customers themselves, who now have easy access to their social contacts from the online, and sometimes in-store, environments they are interacting with.
First observations of SPEAR-induced artificial backscatter from CUTLASS and the EISCAT Svalbard radars

Results are presented from the first two active experimental campaigns undertaken by the new SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar) high-power system that has recently become operational on Spitzbergen, in the Svalbard archipelago. SPEAR's high-power beam was used to excite artificial enhancements in the backscatter detected by the ESR (EISCAT Svalbard Radar) parallel to the geomagnetic field, as well as coherent backscatter detected by both of the CUTLASS (Co-operative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System) coherent radars, in directions orthogonal to the geomagnetic field. The ESR detected both enhanced ion-lines as well as enhanced plasma-lines, that were sustained for the whole period when SPEAR was transmitting ordinary mode radio waves, at frequencies below the maximum F-region plasma frequency. On a number of occasions, coherent backscatter was also observed in one or in both of the CUTLASS radars, in beams that intersected the heated volume. Although the levels of enhanced backscatter varied considerably in time, it appeared that ion-line, plasma-line and coherent backscatter were all excited simultaneously, in contrast to what has typically been reported at Tromso, during EISCAT heater operations. A description of the technical and operational aspects of the new SPEAR system is also included.
Conservation of microsatellite loci between Clarias spp. and Pangasius hypophthalmus and identification of AFLP markers in C. macrocephalus and C. gariepinus.

The aims of this work were to investigate the usefulness of microsatellites markers developed for Clariid and Pangasiid species and to identify AFLP markers for construction of genetic linkage map in a backcross family of hybrid catfish. (Clarias macrocephalus x C. gariepinus). Cross priming of seventeen microsatellite primers of Clarias and Pangasius catfish were tested on DNA samples of C. macrocephalus and C. gariepinus. Fourteen primers yielded observable polymorphism suitable for genetic mapping. Fifty-eight AFLP primer combinations were used to amplify DNA samples of a female C. macrocephalus, a male C. gariepinus and their hybrid. Of 672 AFLP polymorphic bands scored, 359 markers were found to be specific to C. macrocephalus, and 313 markers were observed only in C. gariepinus. All AFLP markers were transmitted into the F1 hybrid. Conservation of microsatellite loci among closely related catfish species makes it possible to use all of conserved microsatellite markers for construction of a genetic linkage map for walking catfish. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 ภาควชาเพาะเลยงสตวนา คณะประมง มหาวทยาลยเกษตรศาสตร Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University.
The species composition and dynamics in well-preserved and restored calcareous xerothermic grasslands (South Poland)

In this paper the floristic composition and dynamics of species in unmanaged and restored xerothermic grasslands on soil of dierent depth were studied. On the control plots, independently of the soil thickness, there were no signicant changes of the initial species composition. Mowing or cutting the calcareous grasslands on shallow soil signicantly increased the species richness. However, contrary to mown plot, on the clear-cut ones, the abundance of the calcareous grassland species (Festuco-Brometea) was low. From the nature conservation point of view, it seems essential to preserve the existing patches of xerothermic grasslands. Restoration the calcareous grasslands from xerothermic shrubs is possible only on shallow soil.
Dangerous Dyads Revisited: Democracies May Not Be That Peaceful After All

In recent years, the quantitative international relations literature has increasingly paid attention to the potential problem of serially correlated observations in time-series cross-section (TSCS) data. Today, no study using TSCS data is published unless it manages to control for temporal dependence. Using Bremer's (1992) seminal “Dangerous Dyads” article as a starting point, this article has two ambitions. First, it seeks to explore whether the original results are replicable with new and updated data. Second, it aims to uncover whether Bremer's now unconventional choice of statistical model was decisive for his results. The analysis shows that despite clear evidence of serially correlated units, the alternative logit, GEE, and survival models yield relatively similar results. However, Bremer's finding of a monadic democratic peace is not robust to various operationalizations of democracy. His choice of democracy indicator thus seems to have had a significant influence on his conclusions, demonstrating that data selection can be as crucial as the choice of statistical model.
Singapore in Malaysia: An examination of argument structures in a Malaysian history textbook

The article explores how the Malaysian Form 3 history textbook portrays Singapore's merger and separation. The portrayal can influence the perception of Singapore among Malaysians. Singapore was part of Malaysia for about two years (1963–1965) and its brief union represents a crucial historical episode. The episode is analysed using Toulmin's argument structures. The analysis identifies the claims, grounds and warrants for the arguments, and it also examines the use of lexicogrammatical and intertextual features. Certain arguments articulate the benefits of the merger and it is endorsed by foreign and local leaders, and the general population. Subsequently, other arguments articulate the threats which Singapore posed and its separation is made to seem inevitable. The textbook portrays Singapore as an enthusiastic partner and later a distrusted partner of the Malaysian Federal Government. Its arguments validate the state-sanctioned version of history. The article also provides four proposals to improve history textbooks.
Bilateral neurotoxic lesions in NCM before tutoring onset do not prevent successful tutor song learning

Sensorimotor learning crucially depends on the ability to acquire a sensory memory for shaping motor commands. Such learning is conveniently studied in young songbirds when they memorize the song of an adult singer and gradually transform their own vocalizations toward the memorized target song. Here we study the involvement of the Caudal Medial Nidopallium (NCM), a higher auditory cortical area, in acquisition of a song memory. NCM has previously been shown to be involved in tutor song memorization. To study the necessity of NCM in this process, we perform large irreversible NCM lesions using ibotenic acid injections in about 40-days old juvenile zebra finches, before their first exposure to tutor song. Surprisingly, NCM-lesioned juveniles successfully copied the tutor song at least as well as untreated control animals, showing that a fully intact NCM is not required for tutor song memory formation and normal song development.
Countable Dense Homogeneous Bıtopologıcal Spaces

In this paper we shall introduce the concept of being countable dense homogeneous bitopological spaces and define several kinds of this concept. We shall give some results concerning these bitopological spaces and their relations. Also, we shall prove that all of these bitopological spaces satisfying the axioms p-T0 and p-T1 . AMS 1991 classification: 54E55, 54D10, 54G20.
Imaging continental breakup using teleseismic body waves: The Woodlark Rift, Papua New Guinea

This study images the upper mantle beneath the D'Entrecasteax Islands, Papua New Guinea, providing insight into mantle deformation beneath a highly rifted continent adjacent to propagating spreading centers. Differential travel times from P and S‐wave teleseisms recorded during the 2010–2011 CDPapua passive seismic experiment are used to invert for separate VP and VS velocity models of the continental rift. A low‐velocity structure marks the E‐W axis of the rift, correlating with the thinnest crust, high heat flow, and a linear trend of volcanoes. This slow region extends 250 km along strike from the oceanic spreading centers, demonstrating significant mantle extension ahead of seafloor breakup. The rift remains narrow to depth indicating localization of extension, perhaps as a result of mantle hydration. A high‐VP structure at depths of 90–120 km beneath the north of the array is more than 6.5% faster than the rift axis and contains well‐located intermediate depth earthquakes. These independent observations place firm constraints on the lateral thermal contrast at depth between the rift axis and cold lithosphere to the north that may be related to recent subduction, although the polarity of subduction cannot be resolved. This geometry is gravitationally unstable; downwelling or small‐scale convection could have facilitated rifting and rapid lithospheric removal, although this may require a wet mantle to be realistic on the required time scales. The high‐V structure agrees with the maximum P,T conditions recorded by young ultra‐high pressure rocks exposed on the rift axis and may be implicated in their genesis.
Commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in bilayer graphene

A commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in bilayer graphene is investigated in the framework of the Frenkel-Kontorova model extended to the case of two interacting chains of particles. Analytic expressions are derived to estimate the critical unit elongation of one of the graphene layers at which the transition to the incommensurate phase takes place, the length and formation energy of incommensurability defects (IDs), and the threshold force required to start relative motion of the layers on the basis of dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations of the interlayer interaction energy as a function of the relative position of the layers. These estimates are confirmed by atomistic calculations using the DFT-D based classical potential. The possibility to measure the barrier for relative motion of graphene layers by the study of formation of IDs in bilayer graphene is discussed.
Analyzing the Economic Consequences of an Epidemic Outbreak: Experience from the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa

The Ebola virus disease has been infection countries in Africa since its first emergence in Zaire in 1976. However, the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa has been unanimously described as the World’s most devastating outbreak in history and the first ever witnessed in West Africa. The devastating nature of the 2014 Ebola epidemic made the international community becoming increasing worried as the disease continued to spread across borders. This stud therefore, aimed at evaluating the economic impact of the epidemic in West African countries affected by the outbreak. The study adopted an innovative methodology that scientifically captures the contemporaneous impact of the outbreak on key socioeconomic variables of interest. The results from the study revealed that in addition to the adverse impact of the Ebola outbreak on economic growth, commodity prices and government budget deficits, the isolation of countries hardest hit by the epidemic contributed significantly in worsening the socioeconomic conditions faced by these countries. By way of policy recommendations, the study noted the need to strengthen health care systems in the region, training of more health care workers, and avoidance of actions restriction the movement of persons and goods from epidemic affected areas and the need for regional coordination efforts for the effective combating of epidemic outbreaks in the future. Key w ords : Ebola, epidemic, outbreak, devastating, West African, health care, growth
The Effect of Cash based Interest Coverage Ratio on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information

This study empirically verified the effect of cash based interest coverage ratio on the value relevance of accounting information. The accrual based interest coverage ratio, which divides operating profit by interest expense, includes accruals. On the other hand, the cash based interest coverage ratio, which is the cash inflow from the actual business divided by the actual outflow of interest, can be a better useful financial ratio indicator because the manager's discretionary accruals are removed. Investors in the capital market will be assessed as cash-strapped companies that fail to cover their interest payments with the cash generated by the business if the cash based interest coverage ratio is less than 1. In this case, we expect negative stock price reactions to the company's net profit and net asset book value. In this study, 2,991 companies that satisfy sample selection criterion of KOSPI and KOSDAQ listed companies from 2011 to 2014, to which International Financial Reporting Standards are obliged, were tested. The empirical results show that the value relevance of net asset value and earnings per share is lower when the cash based interest coverage ratio is less than 1. In other words, it is verified empirically that the cash based interest coverage ratio are useful financial ratios to judge the relationship between accounting information and stock price.
Self-efficacy and Online Language Learning: Causes of Failure

The study reported in this article examined why some highly efficacious learners failed in an online foreign language course based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy. The study was conducted as part of a project investigating the self-efficacious foreign language learners in an online writing course. The motivation behind the study was that the success rate of online learning in Thailand is low. The learning performance of six highly efficacious distance language learners at a recognised English language tutorial school in Bangkok, Thailand was analysed. The data collection included an online questionnaire and individual telephone interviews. The findings suggested that goal setting, shift of attribution and insufficient feedback are factors that might decrease the efficacy of online learners’ and affect their decision to withdraw from a program. The implications of this study provide recommendations on support to help online language learners succeed.
Investigating the cooperative strategies between China and North Korea for the Tumen River Area Development Programme

Addressing the equitable management of an international boundary river, this study aims to find the optimal strategy with regard to how to build multi-purpose dams and allocate the benefits and costs thereof. The interests of the riparian countries (North Korea and China) are defined in terms of the cooperative 2-person nonzero-sum game, and the Nash product is then calculated for various alternative strategies. The results reveal that the Kangkudong Dam and the Simpo Dam should be collaboratively constructed, and that the benefits of the 2 dams should be allocated according to relative demand in order to provide North Korea and China with sufficient benefits and to equitably address their conflicting interests. Furthermore, the suggested strategy was found to be optimal or at least quasi-optimal when the North Korean economy, which is regarded as a crucial source of uncertainty in this case, moved from a low-growth scenario to a high-growth scenario.
Stability-Capacity Diagram of a Neural Network with Ising Bonds

The stability-capacity diagram of a fully connected neural network, whose bonds take the values 1 and -1 with equal probability, is determined numerically. Two different optimization methods (simulated annealing and tabu search) are used and their relevant features are discussed. The results indicate the existence of a region, in the stability-capacaty plane, where replica-symmetry should be broken, within the replica-symmetric phase found by previous, analytical, computations. The critical capacity, consistent with simple arguments on information storage, is found to be less than one Le diagramme stabilite-capacite d'un reseau de neurones totalement connecte, dont les liens synaptiques ne peuvent prendre que deux valeurs 1 ou -1, avec la meme probabilite, est determine par simulations numeriques. Deux differentes methodes d'optimisation ont ete utilisees (recuit simule et recherche tabou) et nous discutons leurs aspects les plus importants. Les resultats indiquent l'existence d'une region, dans le plan stabilite-capacite, ou la symetrie des repliques devrait etre brisee, a l'interieur de la phase symetrique trouvee precedemment par des calculs analytiques. La capacite critique, en accord avec des arguments simples, est trouvee inferieure a un
Multi-year comparisons of ground-based and space-borne Fourier transform spectrometers in the high Arctic between 2006 and 2013

Abstract. This paper presents 8 years (2006–2013) of measurements obtained from Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) in the high Arctic at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; 80.05° N, 86.42° W). These measurements were taken as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) validation campaigns that have been carried out since 2004 during the polar sunrise period (from mid-February to mid-April). Each spring, two ground-based FTSs were used to measure total and partial columns of HF, O3, and trace gases that impact O3 depletion, namely, HCl and HNO3. Additionally, some tropospheric greenhouse gases and pollutant species were measured, namely CH4, N2O, CO, and C2H6. During the same time period, the satellite-based ACE-FTS made measurements near Eureka and provided profiles of the same trace gases. Comparisons have been carried out between the measurements from the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the InfraRed (PARIS-IR) and the co-located high-resolution Bruker 125HR FTS, as well as with the latest version of the ACE-FTS retrievals (v3.5). The total column comparison between the two co-located ground-based FTSs, PARIS-IR and Bruker 125HR, found very good agreement for most of these species (except HF), with differences well below the estimated uncertainties ( ≤ 6 %) and with high correlations (R ≥ 0. 8). Partial columns have been used for the ground-based to space-borne comparison, with coincident measurements selected based on time, distance, and scaled potential vorticity (sPV). The comparisons of the ground-based measurements with ACE-FTS show good agreement in the partial columns for most species within 6 % (except for C2H6 and PARIS-IR HF), which is consistent with the total retrieval uncertainty of the ground-based instruments. The correlation coefficients (R) of the partial column comparisons for all eight species range from approximately 0.75 to 0.95. The comparisons show no notable increases of the mean differences over these 8 years, indicating the consistency of these datasets and suggesting that the space-borne ACE-FTS measurements have been stable over this period. In addition, changes in the amounts of these trace gases during springtime between 2006 and 2013 are presented and discussed. Increased O3 (0. 9 % yr−1), HCl (1. 7 % yr−1), HF (3. 8 % yr−1), CH4 (0.5 % yr−1), and C2H6 (2. 3 % yr−1, 2009–2013) have been found with the PARIS-IR dataset, the longer of the two ground-based records.
Changing model properties with time due to corrosion of a dynamically loaded reinforced concrete beam

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are frequently used in civil infrastructures. One important durability property in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is the level of steel bar corrosion. In a dynamic four-point-bending test, two beams are loaded simultaneously, in which corrosion is accelerated in one of them. Since geophones are commonly used in SHM systems to monitor vertical deformations and to calculate modal properties, the first natural frequency of both beams are analysed in this paper. It is discovered that many properties, like temperature and moisture, may influence natural frequencies. Besides this, calculated natural frequencies may fluctuate. Experiments showed that the first natural frequency in the corroded beam decreases while it remains almost constant in the uncorroded situation.
Manelius FLAVOR COMPONENT ANALYSES FOR SMALL BREWERIES

Brewing beer is a craft with ancient traditions. Breweries of today, however, must rely increasingly on chemistry in addition to traditions, to meet the demands for quality control, product development and market shares. The minimum number of required chemical analyses are few but the opportunities provided by modern chemical analysis methods are vast. Establishing a laboratory is, however, costly and requires often deep knowledge of chemistry, analysis techniques and equipment. The knowledge of flavor development and transformations of an enormous number of compounds are needed for the laboratory to function successfully. There are some analyses that are obvious, such as the determination of the alcohol (ethanol) content. When the brewing becomes more focused on economic issues, the need for identification of offflavors, flavor components, and problems in the process planning, increase. The demand for detailed knowledge of the amounts and types of chemical compounds in the raw materials, and the final beer, inevitably grows. In the present study, brewing is thus studied mainly from a chemist ́s point of view with the emphasis on the impact of different flavor compounds on beer taste and how to analyze their content. Economic planning of a laboratory can be started by outlining the advantages and disadvantages of analysis instruments, and what their role in for example quality control could be. A literature survey showed that the most important flavor components, in beer, are carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and organic acids. Other important flavor affecting compounds are proteins, sulphur-containing compounds, polyphenols, and solubilized minerals (sulphates and calcium bi-carbonate). The analysis equipment needed to analyze and quantify these compounds must, therefore, be sophisticated enough and the investment should thus be rather large. Trivalued re-payment time calculations showed that large investments can be made if only the analysis capacity is optimally used and the fixed costs, mostly salaries, are closely controlled. Analyses must thus be sold to third parties to handle the costs. An investment in a HPLC system would suffice for a small brewery, if the analyses were made solely for the brewery’s own use. A detailed analysis of raw materials, intermediate products (e.g. malt, samples during fermentation etc.) and the final beer, calls for more potent analysis methods e.g. a GC-MS.