Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reactions to Control with(out) Background Control: Evidence from the Internet and the Laboratory

This paper investigates whether agents’ reactions to a principal’s imposition of control differ in the presence of an independent source of control. Henceforth, we refer to the independent source of control as background control. We compare an internet and a laboratory implementation of an experimental principal-agent game where the principal can control the agent by imposing either a low or a medium effort level before the agent chooses an effort. Our experimental results show that negative reactions to control are stronger in the laboratory experiment, i.e. in the presence of background control, than in the internet experiment, i.e. in the absence of background control. However, negative reactions to control are of similar magnitude at the end of the two experiments which indicates that experienced agents react similarly to the implementation of control in both environments. Internet experiments differ from laboratory experiments since they involve a substantial loss of control over the environment. In the laboratory, the experimenter carefully briefs the participants, privacy is carefully controlled, and the computer interface is rigid which prevents participants from engaging in other activities while making their choices. With the Internet, a participant is free to engage in other activities while making choices for the experiment. Additionally, less social pressure from peers is placed on participants in the internet since the social distance is increased. In a nutshell, participants’ interactions in the laboratory take place in the presence of an exogenous source of control which is (almost) absent on the internet. We take advantage of this difference between the two environments to investigate whether the degree of control aversion in a principal-agent relationship is influenced by the background control. As detailed later, our internet experiment is identical to our laboratory experiment except that it is conducted online. We consider a principal-agent game which is a straightforward extension of the game implemented by Falk and Kosfeld (2006) in their main treatments. This setting assumes an extreme form of control policy where the principal has the possibility to remove the agent’s most opportunistic choices from his choice set.1 There is by now substantial evidence that in such a setting hidden costs of control exist. However, hidden costs of control are usually not substantial enough to undermine the effectiveness of economic incentives (Ploner, Schmelz, and Ziegelmeyer, 2010). In this paper we are merely concerned with the impact of background control on control aversion and we do not pursue the question of whether hidden costs of control outweigh the benefits of control. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 outlines the experimental design and procedures of our two experiments. Section 3 describes our results and section 4 concludes.
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Evaluation of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid from Green Coffee Beans of Coffea canephora

This study describes the optimization of a method that involves the use of the natural deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride-sorbitol for extracting caffeine and chlorogenic acid from green coffee beans of Coffea canephora. Extensive screening of conditions based on response surface methodology, Box-Behnken design allowed establishing optimal extraction conditions as 4:1 for the mole ratio of choline chloride-sorbitol, 60 min of extraction time, and 1:30 g/ml for the liquid-solid ratio, which yielded 5.87 mg/g of caffeine and 12.24 mg/g of chlorogenic acid. In case of the latter compound, this constitutes an increase of 297 % compared to the conventional maceration method. The evaluation of the extract obtained under optimal conditions for lipase inhibitory activity revealed that the extract inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase, with an IC50 value of 32.46 μg/ml. The combination of a natural deep eutectic solvent with ultrasound-assisted extraction technology constituted the basis for the development of an environmentally friendly and easy-to-use extraction method.
Implementation of systolic array based SVM classifier using multiplierless kernel

In the field of image processing, computer vision, bio-informatics, classification of data is an area of study for many researchers and scholars from the beginning. SVMs are dynamic and powerful learning methods which provide excellent generalization performance for a wide range of regression and classification problems. Previous software implementations of SVMs have reported high classification accuracy. But software designs can not meet the real time requirements because these designs can not take the advantage of parallelism inherent in the SVM algorithm. Thus, the hardware implementation of SVM can efficiently decrease total simulation time and synthesis time. In the field of classification efficient utilization of power is one of the major concern. So, in this paper we mainly concern about decreasing hardware complexity and reduction of power of SVM design. For reduction of power we are proposing here the multiplierless kernel for classification in hardware, instead of using conventional vector product kernel. We have trained SVM using binary linearly, nonlinearly separable and multiclass data in Matlab. Then the extracted trained parameters are used in the hardware for classification purpose. For data flow from processing element (PE) to PE in hardware, we are using parallely pipelined systolic array system. Key–Words: Support Vector machine, Multiplierless kernel operation, Systolic array. 4.06. 14
SINGLE CAMERA SYSTEM FOR CLOSE RANGE INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

This paper gives a description of an on-line photogrammetry system designed for close range applications (SGS Single Gamera System). The system has the ability to perform 3-0 point measurements, employing one single GGO camera in combination with a measurement tool. The measurement tool is equipped with LEOs serving as photogrammetric targets, wh ich are precalibrated in the local tool coordinate system. Accuracy results obtained from simulation studies and measurement tests are reported. The possibilities of accuracy improvements by post processing the SGS measurements in a free network bundle adjustment is also discussed.
Development, Characterization, and Application of a Versatile Single Particle Detection Apparatus for Time-Integrated and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements—Part II: Experimental Evaluation

This paper describes the experimental realization and characterization of a versatile single particle detection apparatus. The system utilizes a novel particle beam inlet that can serve as either an on-line particle concentrator (i.e., all diameters confined in a narrow beam) or as a segregator (i.e., selected diameters confined in a narrow beam) and can be operated in a high-speed mode as well as in a low-speed mode, thus allowing different interaction times between the particles and the laser beam. An aerodynamic sizing technique has been incorporated into the system to provide rapid, real-time, and high-resolution sizing. Parameters such as transmission efficiency and size-segregation efficiency have been measured. The performance of the instrument has been demonstrated by on-line detection of spectrally resolved and time resolved fluorescence detection from airborne dyedoped particles and aerosolized endogenous fluorophores found in biological agents.
Understanding gameplay

Understanding gameplay requires a consideration of basic epistemological questions about the nature of understanding. Grounded in a tradition of philosophical hermeneutics, it is possible to approach the understanding of gameplay as a matter of generating mappings to explanatory frameworks in alternative interpretation paradigms. It is especially useful to consider gameplay from perspectives of cognitive science, semiotics, consciousness studies and aesthetics. Each of these approaches provides a different but compatible perspective on understanding play. Integrating these perspectives without losing their differences provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for play analysis.
ANALYSIS OF BILL OF MATERIAL DATA USING KAFKA AND SPARK

With the growing technology and exploding data the need to manage data and process it in real-time is also increasing. Hence all the incoming data needs to be handled in a fraction of seconds to get the value out of it. This type of data can be addressed as Big Data with respect to its Volume, Velocity and Variety. Managing such huge data is expensive and time consuming. The data set considered in this paper is the Engineering Bill of Material data. Since the BOM data is inevitable, it needs to be managed to ensure its completeness, consistency and correctness. In-order to outdo these problems in this paper Hadoop is proposed to store data which is cost effective. To address the data processing issues Spark and Kafka are used. The data is streamed via Kafka which is a message streaming tool into Spark which is a data processing tool and then exported into local database via Sqoop. Both Kafka and Spark can deal with incoming data in real-time and hence it addresses the issue of time consumption. The purpose of this paper is to compare the incoming and existing Engineering BOM data in Hive or Hadoop Distributed File System. Finally the resultant changes are exported to different production plants. Index Terms Big data, Hadoop, HDFS, Bill of Material (BOM), Kafka, Spark, Hive, Sqoop.
Ranking Accuracy Using Cloudrank Framework For Cloud Services

Building high Quality cloud applications becomes an immediately required research problem in cloud computing technology. Non-functional performance of cloud services is normally described by Quality-ofService (QoS). To acquire QoS values, real-world usage of services candidates are generally required. At this time, there is no framework that can allow users to estimate cloud services and rank them based on their QoS values. This paper intends to framework and a mechanism that measures the quality and ranks cloud services for the users. Cloud Rank framework by taking the advantage of past service usage experiences of other users. So it can avoid the time consuming and expensive real life service invocation. This tactic determines the QoS ranking directly using the two personalized QoS ranking prediction approach i.e., CloudRank1 and CloudRank2. These algorithms make sure that the active services are accurately ranked. The interior purpose is ranking prediction of client side QoS properties, which likely have different values for dissimilar users of the similar cloud service. It estimates each and every one the applicant services at the user-side and rank the services based on the observed QoS values.
Encryption and Decryption of Biometric Traits

Biometric authentication has been incredibly useful in services such as access control to authenticate individuals based on their biometric traits. Unlike password or identity documents, biometric traits, such as fingerprint, iris and behavioral characteristic are physically linked to an individual that cannot be easily manipulated. The traditional biometric authentication model uses a server-centric model, where a service provider maintains the biometric database and is totally responsible for the security of templates. The end-users have to fully trust the provider in storing, processing and managing their private templates. As a result the end-user templates could be compromised by outside attackers or even the service provider itself. As a result we propose a usercentric biometric authentication scheme that enables end users to encrypt their own templates with our proposed lightweight encryption scheme at the time of authentication.
On the Misuses of Predictive Performance Tests

Out-of-sample predictive performance tests were originally intended for forecast comparison and remain valid for that purpose. However, the last two decades have seen a boom in research on the uses of out-of-sample tests for purposes besides forecast comparison. The wisdom of using such out-of-sample tests when full sample alternatives are available has come under scrutiny in recent years. We compare in-sample alternatives for non-nested hypothesis testing of two possibly misspecified models developed by Vuong (1989), and compare those to the out-of-sample tests developed by Clark and McCracken (2014). Using Monte Carlo simulations, this paper demonstrates that the out-of-sample procedure for model selection indeed performs markedly worse compared to its full sample counterpart in terms of statistical size and power. This paper also reproduces an applied example on GDP growth where the conclusions are found to be sensitive to the choice of out-of-sample versus full sample procedure.
The Bundestag and the ECB: Towards the Politicisation of European Central Banking?

The European Central Bank (ECB) became one of the key actors during the Eurozone crisis. However, its prominent role resulted in controversies. On the one hand, the Eurozone was stabilised again, no member state defaulted and no state had to leave the Euro. On the other hand, the ECB had to stretch its mandate, expand its policy remit and adopt so-called ‘unconventional’ monetary policies. These attempts to depoliticise political challenges through a technocratic approach reduced the opportunities for democratic contestation, but they also bred frustrations that led to politicisation. This article studies to what extent this politicisation affected the perception of the ECB in national parliaments. For this purpose, it studies the extent to which ECB policy has become politicised in the German Bundestag through an analysis of plenary debates from 2005 to 2018. The Bundestag represents an unlikely case for politicisation despite wide-spread criticism of the ECB in the media, as Germany was traditionally attached to creating a highly independent ECB, has no active scrutiny culture even in the context of the national central bank and had until recently no major Eurosceptic right-wing parties. However, by studying the salience of ECB policies, the polarisation of opinion in the parliament and the range of actors participating in the debates, the article finds that the ECB’s policies have become politicised and a subject of scrutiny and dissatisfaction.
A Novel System to Monitor Illegal Sand Mining using Contour Mapping and Color based Image Segmentation

Developing nations face the issue of illegal and excessive land mining which has adverse effects on the environment. A robust and cost effective system is presented in this paper to monitor the mining process. This system includes a novel vehicle detection approach for detecting vehicles from static images and calculating the amount of sand being carried to prevent the malpractices of sand smuggling. Different from traditional methods, which use machine learning to detect vehicles, this method introduces a new contour mapping model to find important “vehicle edges” for identifying vehicles The sand detection algorithm uses color based segmentation since sand can have various colors under different weather and lighting conditions The proposed new color segmentation model has excellent capabilities to identify sand pixels from background, even though the pixels are lighted under varying illuminations. The detected amount of sand is checked against the maximum set threshold value specific to the recognized vehicle. Experimental results show that the integration of Hough features and color based image segmentation is powerful. The average accuracy rate of the system is 94.9%.
In-situ measurements of ground thermal properties around borehole heat exchangers in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

In-situ measurements of ground thermal properties around borehole heat exchangers in Plovdiv, Bulgaria A. G. Georgiev, R. K. Popov, E. T. Toshkov Technical University of Sofia, Plovdiv Branch, Dept. of Mechanics,25 Tsanko Diustabanov Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technologies (ETIT), 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria European Polytechnic University, Dept. of "Green Energy", 23 Kiril and Metodiy str. , 2300 Pernik, Bulgaria
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

The response to the phytotoxicity of beauvericin (BEA) and T-2, two mycotoxins produced by various species of the Fusarium genus, was studied in tomato seedlings. The components of the ascorbateglutathione system, as well as other antioxidant systems such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase enzymes were examined to evaluate their contribution to the defence strategies that the tomato plants employ to counteract attacks by the pathogens which produce these mycotoxins. This paper outlines that the simultaneous mobilization of different defence systems is necessary to overcome the phytotoxicity of BEA in tomato plants. Structural modifications of the cell wall, such as enhanced lignification, and metabolic rearrangements brought about by intracellular antioxidant systems to decrease the ionophore effect of BEA in tomato plants are suggested. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Overlapping Slicing with New Privacy Model

Today, world has growing concern on preserving privacy of census information. There is need of preserving privacy while publishing the data to research center or government agencies. There are various technique have been designed for privacy preserving data publishing such as generalization, bucketization and slicing. Generalization technique losses considerable amount of information and do not apply for the high dimensional data where as bucketization does not prevent membership disclosure and does not apply for the data that do not have clear separation between quasi identifier and sensitive attribute whereas Slicing releases more attribute correlation and may result in data loss. In this paper, extension is overlapping slicing which duplicates attribute in more than one column, this releases more attribute correlations. Hence increases privacy and utility of data, by achieving correlation among attributes.
Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential From Sirajganj To Kurigram Area, Bangladesh

This research has evaluated the liquefaction potential from Sirajgonj to Kurigram around 140 kilometers along the Jamuna River based on the standard penetration test (SPT) method by a simplified approach. Liquefaction potential analysis was performed by using LiquefyPro, version 5 (2005) software for the selected peak ground acceleration value (0.28) at particular earthquake magnitudes 5.5 and 7.5. Liquefaction potential zone established by assessing the characteristics of soil properties such as grain size, relative density, the thickness of sandy soils, the factor of safety, ground damage, and settlement. Soils of these regions are susceptible to liquefaction at earthquake magnitude greater than or equal to 5.5. At a lower earthquake magnitude (M = 5.5), liquefaction occurred up to a depth of 10 m inSirajganj, Bogura, Gaibandha, and Kurigram. Whereas, at a higher magnitude (M = 7.5), liquefaction occurred up to 15 to 20m depth along the whole studied area. It was concluded that at greater depths (> 15 to 20 m), soils are dense to very dense and non-liquefiable. A hazard zonation map produced based on the factor of safety and other analyzed parameters of soil. Liquefaction potential zone was identified and the map could effectively be used for planning, mitigation, sustainable development of the researched areas.
Foreign Offi cial Holdings of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Interest Rates: A Lens on the ‘Savings Glut’

Foreign holdings of U.S. Treasuries increased from roughly $800 billion in December 1995 to $4.4 trillion in December 2010, with the share of marketable U.S. Treasury securities outstanding held by foreigners increasing from 24 percent to 56 percent during the same period. Most of this growth is accounted for by foreign offi cial reserve accumulators in a handful of emerging market economies that have been running large current account surpluses. Any shift in policy to reduce these surpluses or dampen the rate of reserves accumulation would likely slow the pace of foreign offi cial purchases of U.S. Treasuries. Would such a slowing of foreign offi cial purchases of Treasury notes and bonds affect long-term Treasury yields? Given that private and offi cial investors are likely to have different motives for investing in U.S. Treasuries, we model their purchases separately and treat them as endogenous. First, using two-stage least squares, we find evidence that foreign offi cial purchases of U.S. Treasury notes and bonds exert downward pressure on yields by lowering the risk premium. To address the question of whether U.S. long-term interest rates could be held ‘hostage’by foreign offi cial investors should they decide to ‘pull out’, we use a richer model that allows foreign private investors to react to any price misalignments induced by foreign offi cial inflows. That is, we estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model featuring the interactions between foreign offi cial and foreign private flows into shortand long-term Treasuries and yields. The impulse response functions from this model suggest that exogenous shocks to foreign offi cial and private flows have little to no effect on yields. ∗The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or of any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System. We thank Neil Ericsson, Michiel Depooter, Jeniffer Roush, Jonathan Wright, Andrew Ang, and Monika Piazzesi for helpful discussions. We are also grateful to Stefania D’Amico, Lutz Kilian, and Robin Greenwood for sharing their data with us.
A triticale ( x Triticosecale Wittm . ) reference transcriptome

software packages. In the first instance, we processed the raw reads by filtering them for low quality and then proceed to map them to the latest barley genome reference using Bowtie (Langmead et al. 2009) and Tophat (Trapnell et al. 2009) to consider spliced reads. These mapped reads were used for a downstream expression analysis study using the Cufflinks packages (Cufflinks, Cuffcompare, and Cuffdiff) (Trapnell et al. 2010) and R bioconductor packages (DESeq, NOISeq, and edgeR) (Anders and Huber 2010; Tarazona et al. 2011; Robinson et al. 2010). A comparison based on the results of these approaches indicated differences in the sets of genes reported with significant fold changes. Identification of the biological function of the nonoverlapping genes produced by the different analyses has been undertaken to explore the impact of using any one of these analyses in isolation.