Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The application of Matlab to railway signalling system fault modelling

The paper presents a review of Matlab/Simulink-based techniques used in the development of fault models of signalling railway systems. The data used to develop the models was derived, both in normal and fault modes, from operational railway monitoring equipment using four data signals to characterise the electrical and mechanical behaviour of a points mechanism. The main objective of the work was to regenerate three of the data signals from a single monitored signal, thus reducing the number of sensors required to identify and predict a system failure. Matlab/Simulink based static curve fitting and dynamic system identification techniques were applied to regenerate the data, and in each case the robustness and accuracy of the fault model are discussed. Finally, the signal regeneration is demonstrated using a Simulink model combining dynamic and linear models.
A Miniaturized Frequency Selective Rasorber With Independently Regulated Selective Dual-Transmission Response

In this letter, a miniaturized-element dual-polarized frequency selective rasorber (FSR) with independently regulated dual-transmission response has been presented. The proposed FSR is made of two cascaded layers separated by an air spacer, where the top lossy layer provides wideband absorption along with in-band transmission and the bottom lossless layer exhibits a dual bandpass filter. The novelty of the proposed design lies in the use of lumped capacitors in the top layer to realize the independently controlled highly selective transmission frequencies as well as attain a miniaturized unit cell topology (having dimensions of 0.08 λL × 0.08 λL, λL being the lowest operating frequency). In addition, convoluted slot geometries are patterned in the bottom layer to obtain the transmission bands appearing at the same frequencies as that of the top layer. The proposed structure has an operating range of 1.87–7.97 GHz, whereas two distinct transmission responses are located at 3.52 and 5 GHz having insertion losses of 1.2 and 0.82 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the geometry exhibits an angularly stable performance upto 40° for both TE and TM polarizations. A prototype of the proposed FSR was fabricated and measured to validate the simulated responses under normal incidence.
An in-depth multidimensional review of hypertension in adolescents in relation to obesity: Risk approach management is the solution

Background: The emergence of isolated high blood pressure (HBP) among adolescents and its relation to obesity needs to be investigated. Aim: This study aims to assess prevalence, underlying risk factors, and consequences of HBP among adolescents in Egypt. Methods: We consolidated findings from three studies. The first one examined 150 adolescents (age: 16–18 years) for HBP and obesity using body mass index (BMI); the second one studied 150 adolescents for the lifestyle risk factors in relation to depression, anxiety, general health score, and suicidal score (SS) using relevant tools; the third one was a nested case–control study of 60 obese versus 60 non-obese adolescents examined for HBP, BMI, lifestyles and dietary habits, biochemical markers as lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: In Stage I, the prevalence of HBP was 8% of whom, 58.3% were obese. Stage II: Dietary risk behavior as junk foods (high in salt) and soft drinks was 75.3% and 80%, respectively, and was linked with a high SS. Smoking was associated with a high anxiety score (p<0.05) and not playing sports with a higher depression score (p<0.05). The nested case–control study for obese versus non-obese showed that HBP (both systolic and diastolic) was significantly higher in the obese. Consumption of junk foods, sugary drinks, and inactivity was significantly higher in the obese (p<0.05). Lipid profile, FBS, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the obese group versus non-obese control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle and unhealthy diet are the underlying cause of HBP, obesity, and mental health problems including SS, atherosclerosis, and high FBS. Increasing awareness about risk factors and using them in clinical practice for early detection of HBP is recommended.
Eddy Current Losses in Solid Pole Shoes of Synchronous Machines at No-Load and on Load

An improved method of calculation is described which the eddy current reaction and the variable permeability of the solid pole are taken into account. At no-load, the saturation of the stator teeth is fully considered and shows that tooth-ripple harmonics are increased by it. On load, the stator MMF harmonics of integral-slot windings are determined and added with due regard of their phase shift.
Sigmoid Function Model and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis for Inductive Wireless Power Transmission Control System

In this article, an inductive wireless power transmission (IWPT) system is a high-order nonlinear switching system with multiple operating modes. It is challenging to analyze the dynamic characteristics of such a system using the extended describing function, generalized state-space averaging, or other existing modeling methods. To address this challenge, this study proposes a modeling and dynamic characteristics analysis method for a closed-loop IWPT control system based on a sigmoid function model. A sigmoid function with a large steepness factor is adopted to approximate the switching process of the switch and a unified smooth continuous dynamic model is established for a phase-shift controlled IWPT system. Because this model is infinitely differentiable, a stability theory of continuous systems, such as the Floquet theory, can be directly applied to analyze the bifurcation type of the system and stability of periodic solutions. Analysis results reveal the transition of the phase-shift-controlled IWPT system from periodic behavior to chaotic behavior through saddle-node bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. A stable domain in the two-parameter space of the controller proportional coefficient and load is also obtained. Both simulation and experimental results validate the accuracy of the proposed model and theoretical analysis method, which can significantly reduce the difficulty of analyzing IWPT system dynamics.
The control strategy for improving the stability of a powertrain for a compound hybrid power excavator

Nowadays, hybrid power excavators are an active research subject in the construction machinery area. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the control strategy for improving the stability of a powertrain for compound hybrid power excavators. First, the power flow and the dynamics of the powertrain of compound hybrid power excavators are analysed. It is concluded that the control strategy for compound hybrid power excavators has to guarantee the charge and discharge priority for operation of the swing and the boom lowering. Otherwise, large-scale switches of the operation point of the engine have to be performed in order to keep the state of charge in the appropriate range, which results in worse stability of the powertrain. Then, an improved rule-based control strategy is presented, which incorporates a load torque distributor, a charge-sustaining strategy and a dynamic torque compensator. The simulation model of a 20 ton compound hybrid power excavator, namely the ZE205E hybrid, is established. The improved rule-based control strategy, the thermostat control strategy and the control strategy presented by Yoo in 2009 are compared with respect to the stability of the powertrain and the fuel consumption through simulations. The simulation results show that the improved rule-based control strategy is best for the stability; however, for the fuel consumption, the improved rule-based control strategy is better than the thermostat control strategy but poorer than the control strategy described by Yoo. Taking into overall consideration the stability of the powertrain and the fuel consumption, the improved rule-based control strategy presented in this paper is more applicable for compound hybrid power excavators.
Determinants of use of water‐based recreational facilities

A model is developed to explain the use of water-abased recreational facilities for 15 different recreational activities. The results are then employed to obtain a relative ranking of factors that contribute most to the use of facilities. From an empirical study on data obtained from the Fort Worth District, ILS. Army Corps of Engineers, the factors that contribute to use can be ranked as follows: (1) distance variables, which serve as a surrogate for travel time and cost; (2) population near the site, a measure of demand potential; (3) facilities provided at the site; (4) fees; (5) measures of quality of the site; and (6) seasonal variables.
Numerical investigation on particle deposition in a chamber with an attached-wall heat source

The deposition of particles in a chamber with an attached-wall heat source is investigated numerically by the random walk model of Lagrangian method. The particle trajectories are evaluated by tracking 4,000 particles with a density of 1,400 kg m−3. The purpose of the present paper is to study the effect of the heat source length on the deposition of particles (2.5 µm–10 µm) and the particle deposition pattern on the attached-wall surface above the heat source. Numerical results show that the particle deposition fraction increases with the heat source length and the increase of the heat source length can accelerate particle deposition onto the attached wall. It is also found that the particle deposition number on the attached-wall surface above the heat source is a function of the deposit position and the particle size.
The role of foreign language requirements in domestic students’ first-year success at one internationalising Japanese university

ABSTRACT This project addressed the role of foreign language (FL) classes in a successful first-year student experience at one Japanese university. I assessed six dimensions of this experience: Match between high school FL classes and university FL classes, role of first-year FL course grades for academic progress, role of first-year FL classes in later studies, students’ attitudes toward the classes, promotion of language learning, and the success of these classes in fostering international peer interactions. Employing a mixed methods approach with one year of on-site fieldwork, I observed 78 FL classes, interviewed 40 students, five university and nine high school FL teachers, and analyzed teaching materials, homework, and student grades from 58 FL classes. Results indicated that, although these classes did not detract from students’ overall academic goals mainly due to the classes’ modest aims and lack of connections to later academic work, they largely failed to promote robust language learning, positive affect, and international peer interaction. This study especially indicates the need for improved connections between high school English and college-level EMI courses. Also, students with previous costly English learning opportunities fared better in English classes which suggests the importance of greater attention to equity in language education.
Robotic virtual manipulations of a nuclear hot‐cell digital mock‐up system

Purpose – Hot‐cells are shielded structures protecting individuals from radioactive materials. The purpose of this paper is to propose a design approach for a hot‐cell simulator using digital mock‐up (DMU) technology and combining Haptic guided complex robotic manipulation for assembly tasks in a virtual environment.Design/methodology/approach – The principal reason for developing a simulator was to explore the feasibility of hot‐cell structure design and collision‐free assembly process. For this, a simulation design philosophy has been proposed that includes DMU facility offering the ability of analyzing the operations and performing complex robotic manipulations in the virtual hot‐cell environment. Furthermore, enhanced Haptic mapping for tele‐manipulation is proposed for training and guidance purposes.Findings – From the analysis and task scenarios performed in virtual simulator, the optimal positions of the manipulators and need of (bridge transport dual arm servo‐manipulators) type were identified. O.
Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth curve parameters of Khazak native chickens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy (ME) and protein (CP) on growth parameters and absolute growth rates in the different ages of the Khazak chicks. A total of 360 one-day-old Khazak chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and in a 3×3 factorial experiment with completely randomized design, chicks were randomly allocated to experimental diets including 2,600, 2,800, and 3,000 kcal of ME/kg, and each containing 17, 19, and 21% CP from 7 to 98 days of age. Four growth model (Gompertz, Logistic, Lopez, and Richards) were fitted on weekly body weight data and the best model were selected by the goodness of fit criteria. Growth curve parameters were predicted for all chicks using the best model and other parameters including age (Ti) and weight (Wi) at the inflection point and absolute growth rate (AGR) in different ages were calculated from growth curve parameters. All parameters were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of SAS. Based on goodness of fit criteria, the Richards model had the lowest Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC), root mean square error (RMSE), and highest adjusted determination coefficient (R2Adj) than other models and was selected as the best model. The effect of ME was significant on the mature index (k), Wi, Ti, and all AGR parameters (P<0.05) while CP levels were significant on final weight (Wf), Wi, and AGR parameters (P<0.05). The chicks fed with a diet containing 2,600 kcal of ME/kg and 17 % CP had the higher k parameter, and lower Wi, Ti, and AGR than those fed with other diets (P<0.05). Considering that the level of 2,800 kcal of ME/kg and 19 % CP had no significant difference with the level of 3,000 kcal of ME/kg and 21 % CP, therefore diet with 2,800 kcal of ME/kg and 19 % CP was suggested as optimum levels for change the growth curve parameter and having best performance for Khazak chickens during 7 to 98 days of old.
Development of a Calculation Method for Fuel Consumption of Ships in Actual Seas With Performance Evaluation

Greenhouse gas shall be reduced from shipping sector. For that purpose the regulation of EEDI (energy efficiency design index for new ships) and SEEMP (ship energy efficiency management plan) have been entry into force from 2013. In order to improve the energy efficiency in ship operation it is necessary to predict the fuel consumption accurately.In actual seas the wave effect is the dominant component of the external forces. In particular it is well known the bow shape above water affects the added resistance in waves. To reflect the effect of the bow shape a method which takes into account the result of simplified tank tests is proposed here. Using the results of tank tests the effect of the bow shape above water can be evaluated with accuracy as well as with robustness.Regarding to the fuel consumption it should be evaluated by combining the ship hydrodynamic performance with the engine characteristics. Especially the operating limits of the main engine, such as the torque limit and the over load protection, are affected to the ship hydrodynamic performance. In rough weather condition the revolution of the main engine will be reduced to be below the operating limits of the engine. This causes the large decrease of ship speed. To prevent the increase of fuel consumption, a control system by Fuel Index as an index of fuel injection has been applied to some ships. The calculation method for the fuel consumption by using Fuel Index is presented.In this paper following contents are reported; 1) development of a calculation method for the added resistance due to waves combined with the simplified tank tests in short waves, 2) comparison of the calculation method with onboard measurement, 3) development of a calculation method for the fuel consumption considering the engine operating mode in actual seas and 4) comparison of the method with onboard measurement of a container ship.From these investigations the availability of the present method is confirmed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Primary stability: The password of implant integration

The dental implant therapy has a phenomenal rise and has occupied the summit in today's dentistry. The scientific societies and researchers are in constant effort toward improvement, excellence, and simplification of implant therapy. Today, the practitioners are enthusiastic to imbibe the simplified implant procedures and techniques and would like to carry out the same in their private practice. Implant design, bone biology, primary stability, osseointegration, prosthetic options etc., are the several issues taken into account for successful implant therapy. The factors which influence integration are design of implant, material composition of implant, variance in the bone quality (soft or hard), and type of surgical procedure employed (simple or complex). The primary stability is the initial engagement between the bone and implant and one has to ensure that it should be strong and paramount. Implantologists completely monitor the primary stability by synchronizing the above factors. The primary stability is unique and having singular expression is considered as the password of Implant Integration Account. If the primary stability is good, implant can be loaded quickly and to the maximum.
Pore Fluid Pressure Imaging of the Mt. Pollino Region (Southern Italy) From Earthquake Focal Mechanisms

Focal mechanisms of selected earthquakes, recorded in the Mount Pollino region (southern Italy) from 2010 through 2014, are used to infer the pore fluid pressure at hypocenter depths. The 3‐D excess pore pressure field provides evidence that the sequence occurs in a fluid‐filled volume with values reaching 35 MPa. The mechanisms underlying this swarm‐like sequence and the triggering of earthquakes are investigated by computing the cumulative static Coulomb stress change at hypocenter depths and analyzing the pore‐pressure diffusion mechanism. The results indicate that static Coulomb stress change was lower than 0.01 MPa, which is the value generally assumed as threshold for the triggering, and seismicity distribution was actually driven by pore‐pressure diffusion with relatively low diffusivity value. This latter mechanism could also explain the delayed triggering of the two larger events ML 4.3 and ML 5.0, respectively, that occurred about 150 days apart.
High-efficiency large area flexible organic solar cells

We report on the realization of high-efficiency bulk heterojunction PV devices based on P3HT/PCBM on transparent plastic substrates, from one elementary cell to large area modules, and we compare with results obtained on glass. The first target consists in the optimisation of the processing parameters in order to obtain the highest possible Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) values for individual cells. We have reached PCE close to 4% with small dispersion on plastic substrates for cells of 0.28 cm2 active area, compared to 5% on glass. Modules of multiple cells are then elaborated on 5x5 cm substrates with a design aimed to minimize ohmic losses, and interconnection resistances. For glass module, with 12 individual cells on a 5x5 cm2 substrate we obtain PCE of 3.26 % (12.4 cm2 active surface). Larger modules with active area up to 35 cm2 exhibiting PCE of 2.8 % and open circuit voltage higher than 6V are also demonstrated for glass, approaching the requirements for commercial electronic applications. On PET, record efficiency of 2.85 % is obtained for a 8.8 cm2 module and PCE of 2.52 % is demonstrated for a large area module with 53 cm2 active surface. The influence of the geometric parameters of the individual cells and their type of connection (parallel or series) on the module characteristics is also discussed.
THE SOCIAL AFFORDANCES OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR INFORMAL LEARNERS

The increasing use of social media for learning purposes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has opened new horizons for self-learning. Although several affordances are associated with social media use, there remains limited understanding of the social affordance’s users enjoy from social media, specifically, users engaged in informal learning - a free-choice learning option where learners participate in activities voluntarily. Being aware of these social affordances can improve our understanding on how social media users learn informally as they draw upon those affordances. This study identifies the social affordances of social media when presented as an informal learning tool to learners; and in so doing, seeks to respond to the question What are the social affordances of social media tools in an informal learning context? Following a descriptive systematic literature review synthesis as a methodological approach, the literature on social media and informal learning from an information system (IS) perspective were identified and analyzed to identify the social affordances. The findings show thirteen social affordances which online users enjoy in informal learning context when using social media. Given that social media was not designed for learning purposes, these findings contribute towards the discussion of social media as a learning tool by providing a descriptive contribution on the social affordances enabled by these platforms.
Qualitative Study of Social Support for Occupational Safety and Health in the Informal Sector of Limestone Processing in Gunungkidul, Indonesia

Law enforcement, commitment, leadership and monitoring of behavior are factors in the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). Social environmental factor of workers is a potential that needs to be identified for improving the implementation of OSH. The qualitative research with respondents were executors of OSH programs, community leaders and workers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out using factors that influence occupational health behavior with the Lawrence theory approach. The results that the predisposing factor for knowledge workers are limited. Availability of personal protective equipment is an enabling factor. Strengthening factors, namely the coaching support from Puskesmas, the activeness of health cadres. Limited understanding of implementation, absence of work monitoring and continous appeals and social support are obstacles to the implementation of OSH. Social support who have the potential to optimize the implementation of providing information, motivation and monitoring the implementation of OSH.