Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sliding-Mode Observer-Based Fault Reconstruction for T-S Fuzzy Descriptor Systems

This article discusses the problem of sliding-mode observer (SMO)-based fault reconstruction for T-S fuzzy descriptor systems by using the RBF neural network. First, a descriptor learning SMO, without the observability condition of fast subsystem, is developed such that the reconstruction of fault and states is achieved, simultaneously. Then, a sufficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is presented to guarantee the admissibility of the sliding motion. Meanwhile, the LMI condition ensures the boundedness of the state and fault estimation errors. By utilizing robust $H_{\infty } $ strategy, the impact of disturbance on the system can be reduced. Moreover, an RBF neural network-based sliding-mode control (SMC) strategy is adopted to estimate the nonlinearity, unknown positive constants, and ensure the reachability condition, simultaneously. Finally, an example is presented to verify the efficacy of our approach.
Multiple Feedback in Low-Metallicity Massive Star Formation

Abstract We theoretically investigate the impact of feedback and its metallicity dependence in massive star formation from prestellar cores at all metallicity range. We include the feedback by MHD disk winds, radiation pressure, and photoevaporation solving the evolution of protostars and accretion flows self-consistently. Interestingly, we find that the feedback does not set the upper mass limit of stellar birth mass at any metallicity. At the solar metallicity, the MHD disk wind is the dominant feedback to set the star formation efficiencies (SFEs) from the prestellar cores similar to low-mass star formation. The SFE is found to be lower at lower surface density environment. The photoevaporation becomes significant at the low metallicity of Z < 10−2 Z⊙. Considering this efficient photoevaporation, we conclude that the IMF slope is steeper, i.e., massive stars are rarer at the extremely metal-poor environment of 10−5 − 10−3Z⊙. Our study raises a question on the common assumption of the universal IMF with a truncated at 100M⊙. Since the total feedback strength in the cluster/galaxy scale is sensitive to the number fraction of massive stars, the re-evaluations of IMF at various environments are necessary.
Wasserstein-based methods for convergence complexity analysis of MCMC with applications

Over the last 25 years, techniques based on drift and minorization (d&m) have been mainstays in the convergence analysis of MCMC algorithms. However, results presented herein suggest that d&m may be less useful in the emerging area of convergence complexity analysis, which is the study of how the convergence behavior of Monte Carlo Markov chains scale with sample size, $n$, and/or number of covariates, $p$. The problem appears to be that minorization can become a serious liability as dimension increases. Alternative methods for constructing convergence rate bounds (with respect to total variation distance) that do not require minorization are investigated. Based on Wasserstein distances and random mappings, these methods can produce bounds that are substantially more robust to increasing dimension than those based on d&m. The Wasserstein-based bounds are used to develop strong convergence complexity results for MCMC algorithms used in Bayesian probit regression and random effects models in the challenging asymptotic regime where $n$ and $p$ are both large.
Method to fabricate taper waveguide using fixed-beam moving stage electron-beam lithography

Abstract. A method of tapering waveguides using fixed-electronic-beam-moving-stage (FBMS) paths is presented. The tapering is achieved by joining two FBMS paths to a common point. Compared to conventional area and FBMS tapering methods, the proposed method offers smooth and alignment-error-free tapering between waveguides of different widths. We experimentally demonstrate a fully functional FBMS patterned photonic circuit with a power splitter, wire-to-slot coupler, slot waveguide, and a slotted ring resonator. The device response with an insertion loss of −1.35 dB is measured around 1550-nm wavelength.
Cost minimization control for electric vehicle car parks with vehicle to grid technology

With coordinated charging and discharging, electric vehicles (EVs) in smart car parks can be used as energy storage systems and a reserve against unexpected outrage. In this work, a modeling and control framework for EVs in a smart car park has been built up, which includes key factors such as the charging and discharging costs, the battery degradation cost, the driving probability, the feed-in tariff (FIT), and the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) rebates. Each EVs' charging and discharging activities are scheduled through an optimization route with the purpose to minimize the car park electricity cost. Results from comprehensive simulation studies demonstrate the potential benefits of V2G for car park systems with multiple EVs subject to vehicle and battery characteristics, FIT and policy support.
Rapid push: new opportunities in subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy

Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are the largest group of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID), affecting patients at various age. Affected individuals are extremely prone to serious and recurrent infections, which can led to tissue damage and premature death. Many patients require regular, lifelong prophylactic treatment with immunoglobulin. For years the leading route has been intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin (IVIG). Despite its clinical benefits, IVIG is associated with some inconveniences such as travelling to hospital, difficulties obtaining vein access and systemic side effects. The alternative method to IVIG is subcutaneous immunoglobulin infusion (SCIG), introduced in the 1990s. It has become increasingly popular in recent years. This route does not require venous access, has a really low risk of systemic side effects and improves quality of life. SCIG can be administered either via programmable pump or rapid push infusion. Despite similar effectiveness and risk of adverse events the rapid push route seems to be safe and viable, providing more self-control, treatment flexibility, independence and opportunities for treatment satisfaction. Rapid push immunoglobulin infusion has recently become more popular in the USA and Canada. This route should be considered as an alternative possibility of replacement immunoglobulin therapy in patients with immunodeficiency in Europe.
Periodic High-Sensitive Beam-Steering Leaky-Wave Antenna With Circular Polarization

This article proposes an analytical optimization approach in order to optimize the frequency-dependent beam-steering capability of a 1-D serial-fed leaky-wave antenna under the constraint of circular polarization. In the presented approach, the high beam-steering sensitivity is achieved by a circular patch approach. The circular polarization constraint, the impedance matching across unit cells, and open stopband problem are reduced to a mode rotation condition of the electric field within the circular patch. It is further shown that the mode rotation condition is achieved by a single optimization parameter. Measurements proof the beam-steering sensitivity, the circular polarization, and open stopband suppression.
Robotic Manipulation of Deformable Cells for Orientation Control

Robotic manipulation of deformable objects has been a classic topic in robotics. Compared to synthetic deformable objects such as rubber balls and clothes, biological cells are highly deformable and more prone to damage. This article presents robotic manipulation of deformable cells for orientation control (both out-of-plane and in-plane), which is required in both clinical (e.g., in vitro fertilization) and biomedical (e.g., clone) applications. Compared to manual cell orientation control based on empirical experience, the robotic approach, based on modeling and path planning, effectively rotates a cell, while consistently maintaining minimal cell deformation to avoid cell damage. A force model is established to determine the minimal force applied by the micropipette to rotate a spherical or, more generally, ellipsoidal oocyte. The force information is translated into indentation through a contact mechanics model, and the manipulation path of the micropipette is formed by connecting the indentation positions on the oocyte. An optimal controller is designed to compensate for the variations of mechanical properties across oocytes. The polar body of an oocyte is detected by deep neural networks with robustness to shape and size differences. In experiments, the system achieved an accuracy of 97.6% in polar body detection and an accuracy of 0.7$^{\circ }$ in oocyte orientation control with maximum oocyte deformation of 2.70 $\mu$m throughout the orientation control process.
Broadband and High-Transmission Metasurface for Converting Underwater Cylindrical Waves to Plane Waves

Underwater acoustic plane waves are usually generated using transducer arrays with sophisticated control and synchronizing systems. Here, a subwavelength metasurface is proposed to convert incident cylindrical waves into plane waves by rectifying the local transmission phase through pentamode material design. The metasurface allows a high transmission because of the matched impedance between the pentamode material and water. It is also broadband since only the static material property is used in the design. A metasurface with graded unit cells is fabricated and tested in a two-dimensional water waveguide using transient cylindrical wave excitation. The experiment shows that the metasurface can convert cylindrical waves to plane waves over a broad frequency band of 15–23 kHz with an energy converting ratio as high as 69%. The working frequency band and converting efficiency can be further enhanced with smaller cells and a larger lateral size of the metasurface. This research may lead to new applications for controlling low-frequency waterborne sound, such as acoustic surveying, locating, as well as plane-wave generation for underwater acoustic-testing systems.
Object Tracking in Satellite Videos by Improved Correlation Filters With Motion Estimations

As a new method of Earth observation, video satellite is capable of monitoring specific events on the Earth’s surface continuously by providing high-temporal resolution remote sensing images. The video observations enable a variety of new satellite applications such as object tracking and road traffic monitoring. In this article, we address the problem of fast object tracking in satellite videos, by developing a novel tracking algorithm based on correlation filters embedded with motion estimations. Based on the kernelized correlation filter (KCF), the proposed algorithm provides the following improvements: 1) proposing a novel motion estimation (ME) algorithm by combining the Kalman filter and motion trajectory averaging and mitigating the boundary effects of KCF by using this ME algorithm and 2) solving the problem of tracking failure when a moving object is partially or completely occluded. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can track the moving object in satellite videos with 95% accuracy.
Decentralized Stochastic Gradient Tracking for Non-convex Empirical Risk Minimization

This paper studies a decentralized stochastic gradient tracking (DSGT) algorithm for non-convex empirical risk minimization problems over a peer-to-peer network of nodes, which is in sharp contrast to the existing DSGT only for convex problems. To ensure exact convergence and handle the variance among decentralized datasets, each node performs a stochastic gradient (SG) tracking step by using a mini-batch of samples, where the batch size is designed to be proportional to the size of the local dataset. We explicitly evaluate the convergence rate of DSGT with respect to the number of iterations in terms of algebraic connectivity of the network, mini-batch size, gradient variance, etc. Under certain conditions, we further show that DSGT has a network independence property in the sense that the network topology only affects the convergence rate up to a constant factor. Hence, the convergence rate of DSGT can be comparable to the centralized SGD method. Moreover, a linear speedup of DSGT with respect to the number of nodes is achievable for some scenarios. Numerical experiments for neural networks and logistic regression problems on CIFAR-10 finally illustrate the advantages of DSGT.
The Impact of Cannabis Use on the Dosage of Antipsychotic Drugs for Patients Admitted on the Psychiatric Ward at the University Hospital of the West Indies

Objective: To assess the impact of cannabis use on the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in male subjects presenting to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) with psychotic episodes. Methods: Male subjects, 18–40 years old, admitted to the psychiatric ward of the UHWI between February 2013 and May 2013, diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder and who tested positive for ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol were recruited for the study. On day one, consenting subjects were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Patients were prescribed seven days of an oral antipsychotic medication (haloperidol, chlorpromazine, risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine). Medicated subjects were then reassessed using the BPRS on days three and seven. Statistical analysis involved the use of Student’s t-test and repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: In total, 20 subjects were recruited (mean age = 26.00 ± 5.96 years). Subjects were grouped based on the daily chlorpromazine equivalent (CPZE) dose given on day one into CPZE1 (CPZE dose of 100–300 mg; n = 8) and CPZE2 (CPZE dose of 400–1250 mg; n = 12). There was no significant difference in the total BPRS score between the groups on day one (CPZE1 = 41.38 ± 16.47 versus CPZE2 = 49.42 ± 25.58; p = 0.44); similar findings were obtained for the positive (26.75 ± 9.27 versus 31.83 ± 17.30; p = 0.46) and negative (14.63 ± 7.73 versus 17.58 ± 9.74; p = 0.48) symptom component on the BPRS. For subjects in CPZE1, there was no significant decrease in total BPRS score [F(2,21) = 0.07, p = 0.93] over the study period. For CPZE2, significant reduction in total BPRS scores was achieved [F(2,33) =7.12, p = 0.01], contributed by significant decrease in the positive [F(2,33) = 5.64, p = 0.02) and negative [F(2,33) = 7.53, p = 0.01) symptom components of the BPRS. Conclusion: The findings of this study purport that male cannabis users presenting with psychotic disorders may not achieve optimal therapeutic benefit within seven days with CPZE doses ≤ 300 mg. As such, it appears that initiating treatment with CPZE doses of > 300 mg will provide better therapeutic outcomes for this patient population.
A wide angle chemical survey of the Sagittarius dwarf Spheroidal galaxy

Abstract We present the status of an ongoing project to map the detailed chemical abundances of stars across the main body of the Sagittarius dwarf Spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph). The Sgr dSph is the closest known dwarf galaxy, and is being tidally destroyed by its interaction with the Milky Way (MW), leaving behind a massive stellar stream. Sgr dSph is a chemically outstanding object, with peculiar abundance ratios, clear center-outskirts abundance gradients, and spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude in metallicity. We present here detailed abundances from UVES@VLT spectra for more than 50 giants across 8 fields along the major and minor axes of Sgr dSph, and 5 more outside the galaxy main body, but possibly associated to its stellar stream.
Cooperative SLAM using fuzzy Kalman filtering for a collaborative air-ground robotic system

ABSTRACT This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) cooperative simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) method for a collaborative air-ground robotic system, designed to manage an indoor quadrotor flying done together with a Mecanum-wheeled omnidirectional robot (MWOR) in indoor unknown and no GPS environments. An ORB (Oriented Fast and Rotated BRIEF)-SLAM 2.0 (ORB- SLAM 2.0) approach is used to produce a 3D map and discover the position of the indoor quadrotor simultaneously, and a particle-filter SLAM (FastSLAM 2.0) approach is employed to build the 2D map of the global environment for the MWOR. A more accurate 3D quadrotor position estimation (QPE) method for the quadrotor is proposed with the assistance of the MWOR. A cooperative SLAM using fuzzy Kalman filtering is proposed to fuse the outputs of the ORB-SLAM 2.0, FastSLAM 2.0, and QPE approaches, in order to localize the quadrotor more accurately. Both SLAM approaches, quadrotor position estimation method and cooperative SLAM have been implemented in the robotic operation system (ROS) environment. Moreover, the cooperative SLAM method is exploited to achieve landing of the quadrotor atop the MWOR. Five experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed cooperative SLAM method.
Parâmetros ecocardiográficos indicadores de gravidade na doença falciforme: valor do strain bidimensional

A doenca falciforme (DF) e uma doenca multissistemica causada por uma mutacao no gene da hemoglobina que leva a formacao de eritrocitos anormais resultando em anemia hemolitica, fenomenos de vaso-oclusao e danos isquemicos aos tecidos. A identificacao precoce das anormalidades cardiovasculares permite estabelecer estrategias terapeuticas eficazes com impacto direto na morbi-mortalidade da doenca. A ecocardiografia bidimensional utilizando a tecnica do Speckle-Tracking strain (STE) tem sido cada vez mais utilizada na deteccao de alteracoes miocardicas precoces em varios processos fisiopatologicos do coracao. OBJETIVOS: analisar o valor do STE na predicao de eventos clinicos em pacientes com DF e avaliar os parâmetros ecocardiograficos relacionados a gravidade da doenca. METODOS: foram avaliados prospectivamente 233 pacientes adultos portadores de DF. Os pacientes realizaram o ecocardiograma bidimensional com Doppler. As medidas do strain global longitudinal do VE e do VD foram quantificadas e analisadas. O desfecho do estudo foi um composto dos seguintes eventos: (1) mortalidade por todas as causas, (2) tres ou mais crises algicas que necessitaram hospitalizacao em um ano, (3) sindrome toracica aguda e (4) hospitalizacao por outras complicacoes da doenca. RESULTADOS: 165 pacientes (72,7%) eram portadores de HbSS, 56 pacientes HbSC (24,7%) e 06 pacientes Sβ0 talassemia (2,6%). A idade media dos pacientes foi de 33 ± 11 anos (variando de 18-69 anos). O seguimento medio foi de 32 meses (variando de 1,2 a 82,6 meses). Durante o seguimento, 69 pacientes (32%) apresentaram evento clinico desfavoravel, incluindo 08 mortes decorrentes da DF (3,6%). A maioria dos pacientes apresentava funcao sistolica preservada, com aumento dos diâmetros do VE e do AE. O volume indexado do atrio esquerdo e a massa miocardica indexada do VE estavam aumentados. Nao se observou diferenca nos parâmetros de funcao diastolica nos grupos com e sem eventos. A funcao sistolica do ventriculo direito foi semelhante em ambos os grupos, incluindo o strain global longitudinal. O strain global longitudinal do VE variou de 12,25 a -25,44 (media -20,26 ± 2,3). Diversas variaveis clinicas, laboratoriais e ecocardiograficas foram testadas para avaliar uma possivel associacao com eventos adversos. Na analise multivariada, a velocidade maxima da regurgitacao tricuspide, a fracao de ejecao do ventriculo esquerdo, a massa indexada do VE, o volume indexado do AE e o strain global longitudinal do VE correlacionaram-se a eventos adversos. CONCLUSAO: o strain global longitudinal do VE aumentado foi um preditor independente de desfecho adverso em pacientes com DF, agregando valor prognostico incremental aos demais parâmetros ecocardiograficos. A avaliacao do strain tem valor potencial para estratificacao de risco clinico em pacientes com DF.
Systemanalyse eines bildgebenden LVK Messsystems mittels Monte Carlo Simulation

Die Lichtstarkeverteilungskurve einer Lichtquelle (LVK) wird klassischerweise mit einem Goniophotometer gemessen. Dafur wird die LVK der Lichtquelle in groser Entfernung mit einem Photometer abgetastet. Durch die punktuelle Abtastung des Winkelraums ist die Messauflosung direkt mit dem Zeitbedarf gekoppelt. Als Alternative hierzu hat sich die LVK Messung mit bildgebenden Empfangern entwickelt, bei der ein groser Ausschnitt der LVK mit nur einer Messung aufgenommen wird. In Kombination mit einem Goniometer ist es durch Mehrfachaufnahmen moglich die vollstandige LVK der Lichtquelle zu bestimmen. So kann bei deutlich geringerem Zeitbedarf die LVK mit sehr hoher Winkelauflosung erfasst werden. Fur eine Sensitivitatsanalyse ist eine photometrische wie auch geometrische Modellierung des Systems notwendig. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Aufstellung der geometrischen Systembeschreibung der bildgebenden LVK-Messtechnik mithilfe kinematischer Transformationen. Durch die Methode der Monte-Carlo-Simulation kann der Einfluss der Unsicherheitsparameter der geometrischen Eingangsgrosen auf das Gesamtergebnis einer Messung analysiert und in Form einer Winkel- und Distanzunsicherheit ausgegeben werden. Diese konnen als Grundlage fur eine spatere Messunsicherheitsbetrachtung des Gesamtsystems verstanden werden.
Molecular Composition of Local Dwarf Galaxies: Astrochemistry in Low-metallicity Environments

Abstract To investigate molecular composition of low-metallicity environments, we conducted spectral line survey observations in the 3 mm band toward three dwarf galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud, IC 10, and NGC 6822 with the Mopra 22 m, the Nobeyama 45 m and the IRAM 30 m, respectively. The rotational transitions of CCH, HCN, HCO+, HNC, CS, SO, 13CO, and 12CO were detected in all three galaxies. We found that the spectral intensity patterns are similar to one another regardless of star formation activities. Compared with Solar-metallicity environments, the molecular compositions of dwarf galaxies are characterized by (1) deficient nitrogen-bearing molecules and (2) enhanced CCH and suppressed CH3OH. These are interpreted (1) as a direct consequence of the lower elemental abundance of nitrogen, and (2) as a consequence of extended photon dominated regions in cloud peripheries due to the lower abundance of dust grains, respectively.
Effective water depth of an ionization chamber in a proton beam: analytical model.

An analytical model is described to calculate the effective depth in water of cylindrical ionization chambers in clinical proton or heavy ion beams in the presence of modest and linear gradients. The model is compared with Monte Carlo simulations and recommendations in IAEA TRS-398. An extension of the model allows applying it for depth-dose curves even in the non-linear gradient region of the Bragg peak. Combined with information from the Monte Carlo simulations it also allows one to solve the inverse problem of deriving a depth-dose curve in homogeneous water from the depthdose response obtained with a cylindrical ionization chamber.