Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mission Specific Embedded Training Using Mixed Reality

Abstract : High risk special operations often require that the team is trained in advance in an environment similar to the target area. It would be ideal if a replica could be built and the team could be trained in the operational environment. However, it is usually difficult to do so in a timely manner, especially when intelligence constantly changes. Traditionally a scaled-down model of the target area is built instead. Mixed reality based embedded training with the ability to rapidly build and improve the model is a useful tool that can meet these challenges. Several research groups have considered augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality as a training tool for military operations in urban terrain. Our group has developed the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS)(trademark), which can be used for a variety of applications, such as situation awareness as well as embedded training. We have since developed a new version of the system that makes use of the state-of-the-art techniques to build missionspecific training systems in a timely manner. While there is still debate on how effective a current AR situation awareness system is in an actual combat situation, we have seen increased interest in AR training among Marines, Air Force special forces and others. In this paper, a mission specific embedded military training system using mixed reality is presented. The methods for building environmental models and embedding synthetic characters are described. A set of tools has been assembled to build mission specific models. These models together with a modular physical setting can be integrated into the training system which provides a mixture of virtual objects and physical objects. This mixed environment provides a more realistic training than a pure virtual environment, and more flexible training than pure physical settings.
Optically addressed ultra-wideband connected array antenna

Modern RF antenna systems are being asked to address many simultaneous and pressing challenges, e.g., wide operational bandwidth, dynamic gain patterns, and conformal profiles. One way to address these problems is to develop a low profile and ultra-wideband (UWB) phased array antenna. However, the design, fabrication, and integration of such an array using an all-RF feed is exceedingly difficult. Thus, in this paper we present a novel optical feeding technique to achieve efficient excitation of a UWB connected array (CA) antenna. By feeding the array optically, preservation of the theoretical bandwidth and low-profile of elementary connected dipole elements is enabled. Coupling of light to a photodiode merely requires enough space to firmly secure a fiber ferrule, allowing for the population of more densely packed arrays and wider operational bandwidth. Additionally, the optical feeding of the array can provide low noise excitation of the radiating elements, which supports high fidelity beam steering of independent signals over the array's ultra-wide bandwidth. Currently all of these abilities are unattainable by conventional electronic feeding networks. Previously the main limiting factor for the realization of such an optical system was the low power handling capability of the photodiode at the antenna excitation point. Recently, however, modified uni-travelling carrier (MUTC) photodiodes, flip-chip bonded to high-thermal conductivity aluminum nitride (AlN), have been able to achieve output powers of over 1 W at 10 GHz under CW operation, and over 10 W using pulsed power modulation. A prototype MUTC photodiode-integrated antenna array on AlN with direct fiber feed to each antenna element is discussed and demonstrated that can provide 5-20 GHz bandwidth and a size, weight, and power (SWaP) superior to conventional electronic phased array systems.
Wheat germ lectin induces G2/M arrest in mouse L929 fibroblasts

Wheat germ lectin (WGA) is a cytotoxic lectin for many cell lines [Wang et al., 2000 ], but its underlying mechanism is not clear. In this report, we found that incubation of synchronized mouse L929 fibroblasts with WGA resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction of intracellular incorporation of 3H‐thymidine and MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)‐conversion activity (IC50 ≅ 0.4 μM). Fluorescein‐conjugated WGA was demonstrated to transport from the cell surface into the paranuclear region of cultured L929 cells within 30 min, and subsequently evoked lipid peroxidation of plasma membrane and vacuolation in the cytoplasm of these cells. Studies with tritiated thymidine incorporation, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting analysis and flow cytometry revealed that WGA inhibited cell cycle progression after one replication, resulting in G2/M arrest and alteration of cell cycle regulatory proteins, particularly activation of p21Cip1/WAF1 and suppression of cyclin B and cdc 2. Although there was an increase of cytosolic caspase 3 and bax protein expression, no apoptotic bodies were observed by both fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. These results suggest that WGA arrested L929 proliferation after one cell cycle in the G2/M phase through activation of the p21Cip1/WAF1 and suppression of Cyclin B–Cdc2. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the fimbrial gene region of Bacteroides nodosus: class I and class II strains

The fimbrial subunit genes of Bacteroides nodosus may be divided into two distinct classes, based on the sequence of the major subunit gene fimA (accompanying paper — Mattick et al., 1991). The genetic organization of the fimbrial gene region in these two classes is also distinct. Upstream of fimA in both classes in opposite transcriptional orientation is the gene aroA which encodes amino acid biosynthetic enzyme 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase. However, downstream of fimA the two classes are quite different until homology is restored at a bidirectional transcription termination signal separating the fimbrial operon from a gene clpB, which appears to encode the regulatory subunit of an ATP‐dependent protease. Between aroA and clpB class I strains contain, apart from fimA, only one other gene (fimB). Sequence and polymerase chain reaction analyses indicate that fimB does not have a separate promoter but rather is co‐transcribed with fimA at a level attenuated by the strength of the transcription termination signal in the intergenic region. In class II strains fimA is followed by a more extended region containing three genes, which appear to have the same transcriptional arrangement as fimB. The second of these genes (fimD) may represent a functional analogue of fimB although there is no close sequence homology. The first gene (fimC) has no obvious similarity to either fimB or fimD. Beyond fimO, at the 3 end of the class ll‐specific region, is a variant fimbrial subunit gene (fimZ) which is virtually identical in serogroups 0 and H and which appears to represent a duplicate, possibly redundant, gene closely related to the progenitor of the more divergent structural subunit fimA gene found in these strains. Comparisons of the predicted ftmZ product with those of fimA in class I and class II strains, as well as of the boundaries of the class‐specific regions, suggest that the class II sequences evolved in another type 4 fimbriate species and were subsequently substituted in the 8. nodosus genome by lateral transfer. Analysis of the sequences flanking fimA in different strains indicates that recombinational exchange of both fimA and the entire operon has also occurred between strains, and is possibly a mechanism for disseminating structural diversity in the population.
Performance analysis of linear switched reluctance generator for different teeth shapes. The generation quality factor

This work presents the evaluation of different teeth shape geometries of a tubular linear switched reluctance generator in order to maximize the machine capabilities for power generation at low speeds in direct drive wave energy converters. For a 1.5 KW 3 phase generator, different geometries will be proposed and evaluated with the scope to achieve greater electromotive force for low speeds despite the adopted control strategy. The optimization study is support by a 2D FEM analysis through which different geometric parameters will be evaluated to maximize the inductance change with the relative displacement between the stationary and mover parts of the machine.
Measuring the Effects of Stakeholder Participation on the Quality of Local Plans Based on the Principles of Collaborative Ecosystem Management

While theorists and practitioners consistently call for widespread participation in ecosystem management and environmental planning in general, few studies have empirically tested the assumption that community representation and stakeholder participation during the planning process will lead to stronger, more durable management plans. This article examines the impact of stakeholder representation and participation on ecosystem management strategies. It tests the relationship between community participation in the planning process and the quality of local plans associated with the long-term management of ecological systems. Besides the overall breadth of stakeholder groups involved in planning, the effects of specific stakeholders are tested and discussed to determine which has the greatest impact on the quality of an adopted plan. Statistical results indicate that the presence of specific stakeholders does in fact significantly increase ecosystem plans' quality. Policy implications are discussed to more effectively link the planning process to high-quality ecosystem planning outcomes.
Element position optimization of dual-frequency sparse array for direction finding using MUSIC

In this paper, to estimate the directions of impinging signals in dual-frequency using a single sparse array, the element position optimization of dual-frequency sparse arrays is presented. Based on the relationship between the correlation spectrum and space spectrum of MUSIC, and the Dolph-Chebyshev procedure, we proposed a novel approach to improve the direction finding estimation and a successful design procedure for dual-frequency sparse array by arranging the element position using genetic algorithm (GA) in optimizing the correlation spectrum and minimizing the asymptotic errors covariance of MUSIC in dual-frequency simultaneously. The estimation performances with the optimized sparse arrays are also compared with some common arrays.
Shadow mapping algorithms: Applications and limitations

This study provides an overview of popular and famous algorithms and techniques in shadow maps generation. Well- known techniques in shadow maps generation is described detail, along with a discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of each. Basic ideas, improvements and future works of the techniques are also comprehensively summarized and analyzed in depth. Often, programmers have difficulty selecting an appropriate shadow generation algorithm that is specific to their purpose. We have classifie d and systemized these techniques. The main goal of this paper is to provide researchers with background on a variety of shadow mapping techniques so as make it easier for them to choose the method best suited to their aims. It is al-so hoped that our analysis will help resea rchers find solutions to the shortcomings of each technique.
Distribution of Testudo graeca in the western Mediterranean according to climatic factors

Despite being one of the most charismatic elements of the Mediterranean Basin fauna and its threatened status, the western Mediterranean range of Testudo graeca is at present very poorly known. The present work provides the most detailed geographical and ecological description for the North African clade of T. graeca so far. We gathered 283 occurrence data of T. graeca in North Africa and modelled the distribution by means of presence-only distribution modelling tools. The obtained model was then projected to southern Europe in order to explore whether the environmental characteristics of European populations fall into the predicted niche of the species in North Africa. T. graeca showed a wide environmental range in North Africa. Presence localities ranged from the sea level to 2090 m of altitude and from 116 to 1093 mm of annual precipitation. The presence-only model indicates that distribution in North Africa is mainly related to rainfall, specifically rainfall values in the wettest and coldest quarter of the year. The distribution model showed a range of ca. 1 000 000 km 2 . The projection of the model to southern Europe showed that the southern Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, as well as most Mediterranean islands, present climatic conditions within those found in the range of the species in North Africa.
Developing and mature human granulocytes express ELP 6 in the cytoplasm.

BACKGROUND c3orf75 is a conserved open reading frame within the human genome and has recently been identified as the Elongator subunit, ELP6 [1]. The Elongator enzyme complex has diverse roles, including translational control, neuronal development, cell migration and tumorigenicity [2]. OBJECTIVE To identify genes expressed early in human eosinophil development. METHODS Eosinophilopoiesis was investigated by gene profiling of IL-5 stimulated CD34+ cells; ELP6 mRNA is upregulated. A monoclonal antibody was raised to the recombinant protein predicted by the open reading frame. RESULTS ELP6 transcripts are upregulated in a human tissue culture model of eosinophil development during gene profiling experiments. Transcripts are expressed in most tissue types, as shown by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Western blot experiments show that human ELP6 is a 30 kDa protein expressed in the bone marrow, as well as in many other tissues. Flow cytometry experiments of human bone marrow mononuclear cells show that ELP6 is expressed intracellularly, in developing and mature human neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS ELP6 is expressed intracellularly in developing and mature granulocytes and monocytes but not in lymphocytes and erythrocytes.
X-ray diffraction mapping of strain fields and chemical composition of SiGe: Si(001) quantum dot molecules

A variety of surface morphologies can be formed by controlling kinetic parameters during heteroepitaxial film growth. The system reported is a ${\mathrm{Si}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.3}$ film grown by molecular beam epitaxy at $550\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ and a $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}∕\mathrm{s}$ deposition rate, producing quantum dot molecule (QDM) structures. These nanostructures are very uniform in size and shape, allowing strain mapping and chemical composition evaluation by means of anomalous x-ray diffraction in a grazing incidence geometry. Tensile and compressed regions coexist inside QDMs, in accordance with the finite-element calculations of lattice relaxation. The Ge content was found to vary significantly within the structures, and to be quite different from the nominal composition.
A Novel Proximal Support Vector Machine and Its Application in Radar Target Recognition

The samples are assumed to distribute normally in the solution of the standard proximal support vector machine (PSVM). But in many application problems, the data set for each class is generally unbalanced, where a poor performance can be gotten by PSVM. For this, a novel PSVM is presented, namely the modified PSVM (MPSVM). By adding a new diagonal matrix in the primal optimization problem, the new algorithm assigns the different penalty coefficients to the positive and negative samples respectively. Therefore the samples in different classes can make different contributions to the learning of the decision surface. Based on the sufficient experimental results on the UCI datasets, MPSVM is also applied to the measured radar range profile images and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Convergence focused construction of hybrid ARQ systems with turbo codes

We propose and evaluate a novel method of constructing hybrid ARQ systems with turbo codes that addresses the convergence problems of the turbo decoders. The puncturing pattern is chosen in such a way that the parts of the trellis that present difficulties to the decoder are given priority in retransmission. This is different from the traditional construction of rate compatible punctured turbo codes (RCPT) which attempts to obtain optimal weight distance properties of the codes without taking the convergence properties of the turbo decoder into account. We show that in the 'turbo cliff' region our system outperforms the best known hybrid ARQ scheme in terms of the throughput, the number of retransmissions and the total number of iterations required to decode a frame at the receiver. Moreover, the design of the puncturing pattern is greatly simplified and requires no extensive computer simulations.
Signaling specificity and complexity of MAPK cascades in plant innate immunity

The desire to understand and control plant diseases has been a major drive to study host-microbe interactions. In addition to the molecular basis of diseases and disease resistance, another fundamental question is how plants manage to stay healthy and survive constant exposure to a wide range of microbes. The innate immune response is the first line of defense, and is likely critical for the survival and fitness of plants in the ubiquitous presence of microbes. Research in the past decade has revealed remarkable convergent evolution in the recognition of pathogenor microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and the activation of innate immune responses in plants, insects and mammals (Nürnberger et al., 2004; Ausubel, 2005; Zipfel and Felix, 2005; Akira et al., 2006; Ferrandon et al., 2007). We are interested in dissecting the plant signal transduction networks that are responding to or manipulated by microbial signals and effectors. For a robust innate immune system, both signaling specificity and complexity are required. Currently, the sequenced plant model Arabidopsis thaliana provides the most advanced and sophisticated molecular, cellular, genetic, genomic, proteomic, and bioinformatic tools for studying signaling mechanisms and transcription controls in plant innate immunity. The primary cell assays using protoplasts freshly isolated from leaves support highthroughput and versatile analyses of diverse MAMP and microbial effector signal responses (Asai et al., 2002; He et al., 2006a, 2006b; Yoo et al., 2007). The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method (Burch-Smith et al., 2006), inducible RNAi capability, saturating insertional mutant resources (Sessions et al., 2002; Alonso et al., 2003), and whole-genome microarray databases
An Internet-Based Medicine Education Intervention: Fourth Graders’ Perspectives

Health education, which also includes medicine education, promotes social sustainability in society. Through the context of Internet-based intervention, this study reports on fourth graders’ (N = 51, aged 10–11 years) perspectives on medicines, their use with common diseases and medicine-related information sources. The study was qualitative by nature. Data was collected in spring 2010, by audio recording students’ group discussions during the study process and group interviews. After intervention, students were well aware of the proper use of medicines and how to find information both on medicines and health issues. The main challenge was finding websites that provide reliable and confidential information. The results of this study raise awareness of a concrete pedagogical approach to health education. The pedagogical approach conducted in the intervention could, to some extent, be transferred to any school setting. This study underlies the promotion of Internet-based health literacy and criteria, for evaluating online health information in the primary school context.
Effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol-acetate on the Fracture Healing of Experimental Radial Diaphysis Fracture in Dogs

Eighteen adult (mean 3 -y-old), mongrel female dogs were divided into two equal groups. Fixation was performed with bone plate after fracture constituted on radial diaphysis. Postoperatively, dlalpha-tocopherol acetate (20 mg/kg/day) was injected intramuscularly to the first group (treatment group) for one week. The second group was kept as control group. The result of the study was evaluated clinical and radiographically on postoperative days of 15, 30 and 60. At each examination time tissue samples of three cases of each group were harvested and these cases were freed.
Why it is difficult to detect an illegally bowled cricket delivery with either the naked eye or usual two-dimensional video analysis

Objective In this study, the influence of various anatomical and biomechanical factors on the ability to detect the magnitude of elbow extension during the cricket bowling action, with either the naked eye or from conventional two-dimensional video footage was evaluated. Design Descriptive study Setting One male bowler who had a large ℌcarrying angleℍ was studied by means of a three-dimensional biomechanical analysis using the Vicon MX13 motion analysis system when bowling at match pace. Photographs were taken from various angles during the bowling delivery action to illustrate factors influencing the visual appearance of an illegal delivery. Main outcome measures The influence of extension of the elbow joint and the elbow's anatomically fixed position, known as the “carrying angle”, on the visual perception of an illegal (“thrown”) delivery were the main outcome measures. Results The elbow joint rotates about 90° as a result of humeral rotation during the movement of shoulder circumduction produced by the bowler's delivery action. This causes the plane in which the elbow joint moves to change throughout the delivery action. This movement will also vary between bowlers. The movement of elbow planar flexion/extension can be viewed only when the viewer's eyes are at exactly 90u to the plane of elbow joint movement. Thus, a cricket umpire wishing to detect elbow extension during the bowler's delivery action would need continuously to change his viewing position as the bowler's arm moved from the horizontal to the vertical position at ball release. We show that by viewing the action from only one position, the umpire will be confused by the illusion of a “throw” produced by a large “carrying angle” in some bowlers. Conclusion It is impossible for an umpire conclusively to cite a bowler for an illegal action based only on naked eye observation. To do this the umpire would need to be in at least three different positions throughout a single delivery. Similarly, video footage shot from at least three different angles during the bowler's delivery action would need to be viewed by the match referee. By viewing the delivery from only one position, the visual illusion of a “throw” will be created by the presence of a large “carrying angle”.