Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reflective Reviewing Café-Qualitative analyses of Students ’ Views on Nature of Science

An appropriate understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) and of Scientific Inquiry (NOSI) is one of the essential tools for critical thinking about and reflection on scientific knowledge. To improve this understanding, the NOS/I-aspects “(Un)certainty” and “Purposes of Scientific Knowledge” as well as “Scientific Practices/Justification “ were emphasized in the “Reflective Reviewing Café” (RC) conducted in the outreach-lab “Backstage Science” (basci) at the University of Bremen. In a long-term study the impact of the RC on the understanding of NOS/I was analysed via questionnaire (pre/post/follow-up). The quantitative results indicate that the multiple participation in modules offered in the basci-lab with following RC-dialogues leads to an improvement in the understanding of “Development” and “Scientific Practices/Justification”. In addition, the recorded dialogues of the RCs (32) are transcripted, revised and encoded using the structuring content analysis. The understanding of Scientific Practices/Justification is shifting distinguishably from first to third time attending the RC towards deeper awareness of the structures of scientific research. These findings support the findings of quantitative data, although a greater impact was expected.
Impact of nutritional status on stress levels in women of Uttarakhand , Northern India : Age and marital status as predictors

One of the significant aspect, yet partially explored in women of Uttarakhand, India, is the contribution of nutritional status in influencing their levels of stress, specifically in reference to their age and marital status. Hence, the present exploratory research was conducted on 63 women of age range 22-55years in Uttarakhand, firstly, to assess and classify the nutritional status of the women in accordance to their BMI, secondly, to assess the level of stress experienced by women in various categories of BMI and lastly, to study the effect of age and marital status as the possible predictors of variations in stress and BMI. The results revealed an increasing trend in stress with BMI, with women at the risk of obesity having maximum stress. BMI and stress were found to be significantly influenced by increase in the age and changes in the marital status.
Statistical Characterization of Round-Trip Times with Nonparametric Hidden Markov Models

The study of round-trip time (RTT) measurements on the Internet is of particular importance for improving real-time applications, enforcing QoS with traffic engineering, or detecting unexpected network conditions. On large timescales, from 1 hour to several days, RTT measurements exhibit characteristic patterns due to inter and intra-AS routing changes and traffic engineering, in addition to link congestion. We propose the use of a nonparametric Bayesian model, the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM), to characterize RTT timeseries. The parameters of the HMM, including the number of states, as well as the values of hidden states are estimated from delay observations by Gibbs sampling. No assumptions are made on the number of states, and a nonparametric mixture model is used to represent a wide range of delay distribution in each state for more flexibility. We validate the model through three applications: on RIPE Atlas measurements we show that 80% of the states learned on RTTs match only one AS path; on a labelled delay changepoint dataset we show that the model is competitive with state-of-the-art changepoint detection methods in terms of precision and recall; and we show that the predictive ability of the model allows us to reduce the monitoring cost by 90% in routing overlays using Markov decision processes.
Evidence of Schizophrenia Patients ' Reduced Perceptual Biases in Response to Emotion Chimera

The goal of the study was to determine whether dextral individuals with schizophrenia display atypical perceptual biases in response to faces in general, or whether they display atypical perceptual biases in response to emotional facial cues. To this end, we assessed perceptual processing in schizophrenia patients with four types of free-vision chimeric stimuli. Perceptual biases were evaluated in 45 schizophrenia patients and in 46 controls using two face (emotion, gender) tasks and two nonface (dots, gradients) tasks. In response to the emotion chimera, the patients with schizophrenia displayed a reduced left perceptual bias. The two groups did not differ significantly in their response to the gender chimera or to the two nonface chimera. These findings are consistent with the assertion that schizophrenia patients have impaired emotional perception. In the discussion we consider possible reasons for schizophrenia patients' difficulty comprehending emotional facial stimuli. We suggest that schizophrenia patients' reduced perceptual bias in response to the emotion chimera reflects a hypothesized affective information-processing deficit
Colloidal sorting in dynamic optical lattices

Passive microfluidic sorting techniques based upon the interaction of particles with an optically defined potential energy landscape have possible advantages over active sorting techniques such as microfluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), including ease of integration into lab-on-a-chip systems, reconfigurability, and scalability. Rather than analysing and deflecting a single-file stream of particles one by one, a passive approach intrinsically aimed at parallel processing may, ultimately, offer greater potential for high throughput. However attempts to sort many particles simultaneously in high density suspensions are inevitably limited by particle–particle interactions, which lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the sorting. In this paper we describe two different approaches aimed at reducing colloidal traffic flow problems. We find that continuous translation of the sorting lattice helps to reduce nearest neighbour particle spacing, providing promise for efficiency improvements in future high throughput applications, and that a flashing lattice yields a reduction in unwanted pile-up and spillover effects which otherwise limit the efficiency of sorting.
An exploratory study of the statistical and educational implications of violations of the assumptions of parametric analysis techniques

Introduction Statistical procedures come with assumptions that must be met before they can be used to make valid inferences or test hypotheses. One of the assumptions that must be met for the valid use of parametric statistics can be traced back to Stevens' (1946) seminal article on measurement scaling theory and its taxonomy of measurement scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Parametric procedures assume that the data to be operated upon are interval or ratio, as opposed to being nominal or ordinal (Daniel, 1990). This point was elaborated by Siegel (1956):
Mikkel Madsen-Østerbye Sources and fate of dissolved organic matter in lakes Light penetration and the importance of UV-mediated bacterial mineralisation

Increasing input of terrestrially derived coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) to aquatic ecosystems has been observed throughout the Northern Hemisphere over the past decades. The accompanying increase in water colour has been termed browning or brownification. The impact of browning on lake ecosystems has been profound with documented consequences for light climate, food webs and biodiversity. Particularly submerged macrophytes are likely to suffer from reduced light availability, which influences the trophic structure and ecological quality of the ecosystem. Despite the negative implications of browning, few studies have addressed the degradation of CDOM in lake waters. In this thesis, I present new insights on CDOM transformation and light climate dynamics in lakes. By applying a new experimental setup mimicking the natural processes in surface waters, I show that CDOM degradation occurs at a constant rate resulting in a much higher CDOM removal than previously found. In closed laboratory systems, imitation of the seasonal solar irradiation resulted in the removal of 90 % of the CDOM within a year in the humic Lake Tvorup. This finding suggests that CDOM degradation alone could improve the light climate; however, input of new CDOM impeded this development and played a fundamental role in controlling the actual light climate. Furthermore, I showed that a change in catchment vegetation from coniferous forest to heathland could result in a four-fold improvement of the light climate, expanding the macrophyte colonisation area from 3 % to 35 % in Lake Tvorup. Monitoring of the light climate over four years in the re-established Lake Fil showed a high complexity in the temporal dynamics of the light attenuation parameters. A decrease in CDOMor particleinduced light attenuation could result in an increase in phytoplankton biomass and associated light attenuation. Despite unclear waters, low light penetration and low depth colonisation of macrophytes the open lake shores and extreme shallow waters supported a high species richness of macrophytes. In conclusion, I showed that UV-mediated bacterial mineralisation of CDOM and DOC is linear with time when only a small proportion of the water is exposed to UV light. I also showed that in situ UV-mediated bacterial removal of CDOM is substantial, while continuous input of CDOM from the catchment will mask this removal. Finally, I showed that changes in land use from coniferous forest to heather could be a powerful management tool to protect, or even restore, the pristine isoetid vegetation of brownified Lobelia lakes.
New Implementation of an SX 700 Undulator Beamline at the Advanced Light Source

A newly engineered implementation of a collimated SX700-style beam line for soft x-rays is described. This facility is operational at the Advanced Light Source and delivers high brightness undulator beams to a scanning zone plate microscope and to an array of end stations for x-ray spectroscopic studies of wet surfaces. Switching between branches is motorized, servo-steering systems maintain throughput and the monochromator works together with the elliptical undulator for a fully automated facility.
IN VITRO SHOOT REGENERATION OF SWALLOW ROOT (DECALEPIS HAMILTONII) – A STENO-ENDEMIC RED LISTED MEDICINAL PLANT

Objective: In vitro shoot regeneration of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn. is an endangered endemic medicinal plant using biotechnological interventions and to conserve this threatened species. Methods: In the present study, various explants such as shoot tip, leaf, and nodal segments were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog media augmented with different hormonal regimes of auxin and cytokinin combinations, namely, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), benzyl adenine (BAP), 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), and triacontanol (TRIA). Results: Direct regeneration of shoots obtained in 3.0 mg/l 2iP alone and in combination with 0.1 mg/l IAA and/or 1.0 mg/l BAP exhibited the best response with average shootlet length being 6.5±0.17–8.0±0.92 cm, respectively, and percentage response was between 68% and 75%. The callus induced regeneration was obtained from both nodal and leaf explants with maximum response (85%) observed in combination of (2.0 mg/l) 2iP, (1.0 mg/l) IAA and (2.0 mg/l) kinetin with multiple shoots showing mean shoot number of 1.83 and average shootlet length of 6.3±0.19 cm. Conclusions: The current research provides a competent in vitro propagation method for Decalepis which could be commercialized for developing identical plants with good mass multiplication rate and for better conservation of the germplasm.
Health Insurance Literacy Among International College Students

In this qualitative descriptive study, we examine health insurance literacy among a group of international college students. They were recruited from a public, co-educational Southeastern university in the United States during the fall semester of 2016 to participate in semistructured interviews. Data were gathered through a demographic questionnaire, two focus group discussions, and individual interviews. Interview sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Three themes emerged, including knowledge of health insurance options and benefits information, affordability, and unmet expectations. These findings show the need for higher education institutions to develop a plan to integrate international students into U.S. health care. International students are a vulnerable population; therefore, increasing health insurance literacy is vital to making an optimal health insurance choice, improving access to health care, and using health care efficiently. Future research should tailor educational interventions to mitigate poor health insurance literacy among international college students.
Exploring the Influence Mechanism of Meteorological Conditions on the Concentration of Suspended Solids and Chlorophyll-a in Large Estuaries Based on MODIS Imagery

In estuary areas, meteorological conditions have become unstable under the continuous effects of climate change, and the ecological backgrounds of such areas have strongly been influenced by anthropic activities. Consequently, the water quality of these areas is obviously affected. In this research, we identified periods of fluctuation of the general meteorological conditions in the Yangtze River Estuary using a wavelet analysis. Additionally, we performed a spatiotemporal evaluation of the water quality in the fluctuating period by using remote sensing modeling. Then, we explored how the fluctuating meteorological factors affect the distribution of total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration. (1) The results show that from 2000 to 2015, temperature did not present significant fluctuations, while wind speed (WS) and precipitation (PR) presented the same fluctuation period from January 2012 to December 2012. (2) Based on the measured water sample data associated with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery, we developed a water quality algorithm and depicted the TSS and Chla concentrations within the WS and PR fluctuating period. (3) We found that the TSS concentration decreased with distance from the shore, while the Chla concentration showed an initially decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend; moreover, these two water quality parameters presented different inter-annual variations. Then, we discussed the correlation between the changes in the TSS and Chla concentrations and the WS and PR variables. The contribution of this research is reflected in two aspects: 1. variations in water quality parameters over a wide range of water bodies can be evaluated based on MODIS data; 2. data from different time periods showed that the fluctuations of meteorological elements had different impacts on water bodies based on the distance from the shore. The results provide new insights for the management of estuary water environments.
Distributed Real-Time Pricing Method Incorporating Load Uncertainty Based on Nonsmooth Equations for Smart Grid

The real-time pricing mechanism of smart grid based on demand response is an effective means to adjust the balance between energy supply and demand, whose implementation will impact the user's electricity consumption behaviour, the operation, and management in the future power systems. In this paper, we propose a complementarity algorithm to solve the real-time pricing of smart grid. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition is considered in the social welfare maximisation model incorporating load uncertainty to transforming the model into a system of nonsmooth equations with Lagrangian multipliers, i.e., the shadow prices. The shadow price is used to determine the basic price of electricity. The system of nonsmooth equations is a complementarity problem, which enables us to study the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium price and to design an online distributed algorithm to achieve the equilibrium between energy supply and demand. The proposed method is implemented in a simulation system composed of an energy provider and 100 users. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithm can motivate the users’ enthusiasm to participate in the demand side management and shift the peak loading. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can improve the supply shortage. When compared with an online distributed algorithm based on the dual optimisation method, the proposed algorithm has a significantly lower running time and more accurate Lagrangian multipliers.
Comparison of Older and Younger Adults’ Attitudes Toward the Adoption and Use of Activity Trackers

Background Activity tracking devices have significant potential in assisting older adults’ health care and quality of life, but this population lags behind in the adoption of these devices. While theoretical frameworks have been introduced to explain and increase the adoption of this technology by older adults, little effort has been made to validate the frameworks with people in other age groups. Objective The goal of this study was to validate the theoretical framework of technology acceptance by older adults that we previously proposed through a direct comparison of the attitudes to and experiences of activity trackers in older and younger users. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 2 groups of 15 participants to investigate their experiences of using activity trackers. The recruitment criteria included age (between 18 years and 24 years for the younger participant group or 65 years and older for the older participant group) and prior experiences of using mobile devices or apps for activity tracking for 2 months and longer. Results Our findings showed that the phase of perceived ease of learning as a significant influencer of the acceptance of activity trackers existed only in the older participant group, but this phase never emerged in the younger participant group. In addition, this study confirmed that other phases exist in both age groups, but 2 distinct patterns emerged according to age groups: (1) the social influence construct influenced the older participants positively but the younger participants negatively and (2) older participants’ exploration in the system experiment phase was purpose-driven by particular needs or benefits but for younger participants, it was a phase to explore a new technology. Conclusions This study confirms the validity of the proposed theoretical framework to account for the unique aspect of older adults’ technology adoption. This framework can provide theoretical guidelines when designing technology for older adults as well as when generating new investigations and experiments for older adults and technology use.
Stress Factors and Sustainable Development among Undergraduates of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

Stress is a serious problem that students tend to contend with in the course of their academic pursuit. The study investigated stress factors and sustainable development among undergraduates of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko. Descriptive research of the survey type design was adopted for this study. The population of the study consisted of all the students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko . Sample for the study was made up of 450 students selected through simple random sampling technique from the six faculties in the university. Questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. One research question was raised and three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in the academic stress of undergraduates of AAUA. The Second hypothesis showed that there was a significant difference in the financial stress of undergraduates of AAUA. The third hypothesis also indicated that there was a significant difference in the psychosocial stress of undergraduates of AAUA. It was recommended that stress among the undergraduates should be handled through the help of counselors, financial assistance through the university work study. Adequate counseling should be made available to teach interpersonal skills and social adjustment programme should be made available for undergraduates.
Grids of stellar models with rotation - I. Models from 0.8 to 120 M⊙ at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014)

Aims. Many topical astrophysical research areas, such as the properties of planet host stars, the nature of the progenitors of different types of supernovae and gamma ray bursts, and the evolution of galaxies, require complete and homogeneous sets of stellar models at different metallicities in order to be studied during the whole of cosmic history. We present here a first set of models for solar metallicity, where the effects of rotation are accounted for in a homogeneous way. Methods. We computed a grid of 48 different stellar evolutionary tracks, both rotating and non-rotating, at Z = 0.014, spanning a wide mass range from 0.8 to 120 M� . For each of the stellar masses considered, electronic tables provide data for 400 stages along the evolutionary track and at each stage, a set of 43 physical data are given. These grids thus provide an extensive and detailed data basis for comparisons with the observations. The rotating models start on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) with a rotation rate υini/υcrit = 0.4. The evolution is computed until the end of the central carbon-burning phase, the early asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, or the core helium-flash for, respectively, the massive, intermediate, and both low and very low mass stars. The initial abundances are those deduced by Asplund and collaborators, which best fit the observed abundances of massive stars in the solar neighbourhood. We update both the opacities and nuclear reaction rates, and introduce new prescriptions for the mass-loss rates as stars approach the Eddington and/or the critical velocity. We account for both atomic diffusion and magnetic braking in our low-mass star models. Results. The present rotating models provide a good description of the average evolution of non-interacting stars. In particular, they reproduce the observed main-sequence width, the positions of the red giant and supergiant stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, the observed surface compositions and rotational velocities. Very interestingly, the enhancement of the mass loss during
In vitro gastric digestion of heat-induced aggregates of β-lg

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in the Journal of Dairy Science. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version is published in Journal of Dairy Science [96,1 (2013) http://dx.doi. org/10.3168/jds.2012-5896 ]
The Association of Work-to-family Enrichment , Psychological Contract Fulfillment , and Organizational identification

To contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between work–family integration and employee– organization relationship, this study developed and found support for a mediation model to elucidate the impact of work-to-family enrichment (WFE) on psychological contract fulfillment and organizational identification. Based on a sample of 178 full–time employees, the results of this study reveal that WFE facilitates employees’ perception of psychological contract fulfillment and, in turn, increase their organizational identification.