Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Attempt to Utilize a Regional Dew Formation Model in Kenya

Model evaluation against experimental data is an important step towards accurate model predictions and simulations. Here, we evaluated an energy-balance model to predict dew formation occurrence and estimate its amount for East-African arid-climate conditions against 13 months of experimental dew harvesting data in Maktau, Kenya. The model was capable of predicting the dew formation occurrence effectively. However, it overestimated the harvestable dew amount by about a ratio of 1.7. As such, a factor of 0.6 was applied for a long-term period (1979–2018) to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of the dew formation in Kenya. The annual average of dew occurrence in Kenya was ~130 days with dew yield > 0.1 L/m2/day. The dew formation showed a seasonal cycle with the maximum yield in winter and minimum in summer. Three major dew formation zones were identified after cluster analysis: arid and semi-arid regions; mountain regions; and coastal regions. The average daily and yearly maximum dew yield were 0.05 and 18; 0.9 and 25; and 0.15 and 40 L/m2/day; respectively. A precise prediction of dew occurrence and dew yield is very challenging due to inherent limitations in numerical models and meteorological input parameters.
Analysis of the swelling kinetic in hydrogels gelled by radiation and by thermal cycling

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymer networks, which are of interest in biomedical applications such as drug delivery system. To achieve successful results in this kind of application it is essential to understand the diffusion mechanisms which are generated in the hydrogel during the swelling process. For this reason, this work consists in carrying out an analysis of the swelling kinetics in hydrogels elaborated through gamma radiation and the combination of gamma radiation with thermal cycling processes. The hydrogels were synthesized using biocompatible polymers irradiating their solution at different doses. A swelling test was performed and the diffusion coefficient and the diffusional exponent were calculated, making an analysis of the kind of diffusion mechanism in the hydrogel matrix. This test showed that the higher radiation absorbed used to get the gels, the lower the swelling percentage, as well as the diffusion coefficient of the water molecules in the hydrogel. The results of the kinetic analysis showed an anomalous diffusion mechanism for the gels obtained at 25 kGy. For those gels of 30 kGy, the diffusion was Fickian. Finally since those gels of 35 kGy was not possible to classify it according to the Fick's law of diffusion. Furthermore, we could observe that the hydrogels that had been obtained by thermal cycling and by irradiation had higher swelling percentages compared to those that were only cross-linked by irradiation. This analysis allowed us to understand the intrinsic behavior of the polymer / solvent mesh system at different doses and under two different crosslinking conditions.
Expression of Spred2 in the urothelial tumorigenesis of the urinary bladder

Aberrant activation of the Ras/Raf/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway is involved in the progression of cancer, including urothelial carcinoma; but the negative regulation remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated pathological expression of Spred2 (Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK-MAPK pathway, and the relation to ERK activation and Ki67 index in various categories of 275 urothelial tumors obtained from clinical patients. In situ hybridization demonstrated that Spred2 mRNA was highly expressed in high-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC), and the expression was decreased in carcinoma in situ (CIS) and infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (IUC). Immunohistochemically, membranous Spred2 expression, important to interact with Ras/Raf, was preferentially found in HGPUC. Interestingly, membranous Spred2 expression was decreased in CIS and IUC relative to HGPUC, while ERK activation and the expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 index were increased. HGPUC with membranous Spred2 expression correlated significantly with lower levels of ERK activation and Ki67 index as compared to those with negative Spred2 expression. Thus, our pathological findings suggest that Spred2 negatively regulates cancer progression in non-invasive papillary carcinoma possibly through inhibiting the Ras/Raf/ERK-MAPK pathway, but this regulatory mechanism is lost in cancers with high malignancy. Spred2 appears to be a key regulator in the progression of non-invasive bladder carcinoma.
A Review on Demand Side Management Applications, Techniques, and Potential Energy and Cost saving

Electrical peak load demand all over the world is always anticipated to grow, which is challenging electrical utility to supply such increasing load demand in a cost effective, reliable and sustainable manner. Thus, there is a need to study some of load management (LM) techniques employed to minimize energy consumption, reduce consumers' electricity bills and decrease the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for global warming. This paper presents a review of several recent LM strategies and optimization algorithms in different domains. The review is complemented by tabulating several demand side management (DSM) techniques with a specific view on the used demand response (DR) programs, key finding and benefits gained. A special focus is directed to the communication protocols and wireless technology, incorporation of renewable energy resources (RERs), battery energy storage (BES), home appliances scheduling and power quality applications. The outcome of this review reveals that the real time pricing (RTP) is the most efficient price-based mechanism program (PBP), whilst time of use (TOU) is the basic PBP and easiest to implement. Energy efficiency programs have proved the highest influential impact on the annual energy saving over the other dynamic pricing mechanism programs. Through a forecasted proposal of future study, DSM proved tremendous potential annual energy savings, peak demand savings, and investment cost rates within different consumption sectors progressively up to year 2030.
An enhanced authentication scheme for Internet of Things and cloud based on elliptic curve cryptography

Authentication plays a fundamental role in achieving security over unreliable channels. Authentication is a technique that lets an entity verify the identity of other communicating entities. There are a plethora of authentication schemes available in recent times. A short time ago, Kumari et al. offered an authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for Internet of Things (IoT) and professed that their design defends various security attacks. We examined Kumari et al.'s scheme and detected some loopholes like (1) inefficient login phase, (2) inefficient authentication phase, (3) known session‐specific temporary information attack, (4) denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack, and (5) lack of password changing phase. To eradicate all these flaws, we present an enhanced authentication protocol utilizing ECC for deployment in the field of IoT using cloud servers. This protocol uses hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) cookies to authenticate clients. The developed protocol provides various security features and able to counter various security attacks. The security analysis validates that the extended scheme is potent. We simulate our protocol in Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool that evaluates the safety of the scheme in the presence of an adversary. We compare the proposed scheme with some similar schemes in respect of computation cost, estimated time, storage cost, communication cost, and security features.
What’s the impact of social well-being factors on happiness?

This paper examines the effect of indicators like social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity, corruption perception, real gross domestic product per capita and the Gini index on happiness.Our study uses a multidimensional approach that included a principal component analysis and an econometric approach through a linear regression. Examining 137 countries observed over the 2017–2019 period, we found that perception, taking care of other people, corruption perception, freedom to make life choices and healthy life expectancy are the most determining factors of social well-being.JEL Classification: C51, C83, D63, I31, P46.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Length in Pediatric Populations: An MRI Study

Background: As regards anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), graft diameter has been identified as a major predictor of failure in skeletally mature patients; however, this topic has not been well-studied in the higher risk pediatric population. Hamstring tendon autograft configuration can be adjusted to increase graft diameter, but tendon length must be adequate for ACLR. Historical parameters of expected tendon length have been variable, and no study has quantified pediatric ACL morphology with other osseous parameters. Purpose: To develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived predictors of native ACL graft length in pediatric patients so as to enhance preoperative planning for graft preparation in this skeletally immature patient population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MRI scans of 110 patients were included (64 girls, 46 boys; median age, 10 years; range, 1-13 years). Patients with musculoskeletal diseases or prior knee injuries were excluded. The following measurements were taken on MRI: ACL length; sagittal and coronal ACL inclination; intercondylar notch width and inclination; and femoral condyle depth and width. Associations between these measurements and patient sex and age were investigated. Univariate linear regression and multivariable regression models were created for each radiographic ACL measure to compare R 2. Results: Female ACL length was most strongly associated with the depth of the lateral femoral condyle as viewed in the sagittal plane (R 2 = 0.65; P < .001). Other statistically significant covariates of interest included distal femoral condylar width, age, and coronal notch width (P < .05). For males, the ACL length was most strongly associated with the distal femoral condyle width as viewed in the coronal plane (R 2 = 0.70; P < .001). Other statistically significant covariates of interest for male ACL lengths were lateral femoral condyle depth, age, and coronal notch width (P < .05). Conclusion: In pediatric populations, femoral condylar depth/width and patient age may be valuable in assessing ACL size and determining appropriate graft dimensions and configuration for ACLRs. The use of this information to optimize graft diameter may lower the rates of ACL graft failure in this high-risk group.
Improved performance of gas turbine diagnostics using new noise-removal techniques

Mir Saeed Safizadeh, Associate Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846‐13114, Iran. Email: safizadeh@iust.ac. ir Abstract Fault detection and identification (FDI) systems are responsible for detecting and identifying errors as fast as possible with high reliability. These systems should be robust against noise and avoid false warnings. Herein, the perspective of using wavelet filters for noise reduction in FDI systems has been investigated. To achieve that, a wavelet filter and a wavelet‐hybrid filter are presented and compared in noise reduction with conventional filters, such as linear filters (finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response), median filter, and FIR‐median hybrid filter (SWFMH). The comparison is conducted in two steps: (a) noise reduction of a noisy sample signal from a gas turbine and (b) increasing the fault detection accuracy of a gas turbine FDI system in the presence of noisy data. In step one, a conventional noisy sample signal of a gas turbine is presented, and the performances of different filters in noise reduction of the signal have been studied. In step two, considering that excessive filtering can result in the loss of useful information for an FDI system's diagnostics, the performances of an FDI system coupled with different filters have been evaluated. For this purpose, an FDI system utilising an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system and gas path analysis has been designed. It is demonstrated that, in some cases, the wavelet filters have a lower denoising capability for a noisy sample signal, but when used together with the FDI system, they have better performance. Therefore, wavelet filters are better suited for use in FDI systems.
Drought resistance and resilience: The role of soil moisture–plant interactions and legacies in a dryland ecosystem

In many regions of the world, climate change is projected to reduce water availability through changes in the hydrological cycle, including more frequent and intense droughts, as well as seasonal shifts in precipitation. In water‐limited ecosystems, such as drylands, lower soil water availability may exceed the adaptive capacity of many organisms, leading to cascading ecological effects during (concurrent effects) and after drought (legacy effects). The magnitude and duration of concurrent and legacy effects depends on drought intensity, duration and timing as well as the resistance and resilience of the ecosystem. Here, we investigated the effects of drought seasonality and plant community composition on two dominant perennial grasses, Achnatherum hymenoides (C3 photosynthesis) and Pleuraphis jamesii (C4 photosynthesis), in a dryland ecosystem. The experiment consisted of three precipitation treatments: control (ambient precipitation), cool‐season drought (−66% ambient precipitation November–April) and warm‐season drought (−66% ambient precipitation May–October), applied in two plant communities (perennial grasses with or without a large shrub, Ephedra viridis) over a 3‐year period. We examined the concurrent and legacy effects of seasonal drought on soil moisture, phenology and biomass. Drought treatments had strong concurrent and legacy effects on soil moisture, which impacted the phenology and biomass of the two grasses. Drought reduced growing season length by delaying green‐up (cool‐season drought) or advancing senescence (warm‐season drought) and reduced biomass for both species. Biomass and phenology legacy effects from drought emerged in the second and third years of the experiment. While we observed differential sensitivity to drought legacies between the two grasses, we found limited evidence that shrub presence had interactive effects with the drought treatment. Synthesis. The results from this study highlight how abiotic and biotic legacies can develop and influence a community's resistance and resilience to subsequent droughts. When the frequency of repeated extreme events, such as recurring seasonal droughts, exceeds the capacity of organisms or ecosystems to recover (i.e. resilience), persistent drought legacies can reduce the resistance to subsequent drought events. Overall, these results highlight how drought legacies are a product of ecological resistance and resilience to past drought and can influence ecosystem vulnerability to future droughts.
A learning portal model of emerging markets multinationals

Research Summary: The purpose of the article is to explain the mechanisms underlying the internationalization springboard strategies of China's emerging multinationals in the automobile industry. Using a unique combination of location bound (country-specific) and non-location bound (firm-specific) advantages, companies in this industry have overcome their latecomer disadvantages by exploring knowledge from mature markets through backward and forward integration of the value chain, and exploiting this knowledge to enhance their competitive position, first at home, then in emerging markets and later in developed countries. We test and refine springboarding theory and propose the learning portal model. The learning portal model can be used as a new theory of emerging markets multinationals beyond China and the automobile industry. Management Summary: The globalization of Chinese enterprises is upon us. Chinese enterprises have not only successfully internationalized to other emerging markets, but also to advanced economies. To do so, these firms used springboard strategies to leapfrog cer-tain technological development stages and accelerate their catch-up trajectory with incumbent firms from the advanced economies. This article investigates the catch-up strategies of China's leading automotive companies. We find that Chinese enterprises establish learning portals in mature markets to acquire knowledge and assets, which they first exploit in their home market, before seeking to expand their market share in other emerging markets and finally advanced economies.
Optimization of drilling performance using various metaheuristics

The most crucial function in drilling wells is the rate of penetration, which is modeled by many researchers, and the best one is Young-Bourgyen model, which is used in this study. Eight factors affecting rate of penetration have been studied and approved in developing a mathematical equation that shows the combined effects of these variables on rate of penetration optimization. This paper presents an efficient way to find the optimum values for parameters of the Young-Bourgyen model using metaheuristic algorithms. An actual drilling data was used from Khangiran field to calculate the difference between the actual penetration rate and the predicted one by different optimization algorithms. Particle swarm optimization, dynamic differential annealing optimization, artificial bee colony, gray wolf optimization, Harris hawk's optimization, flower pollination algorithm, firefly algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, and sine cosine algorithm are used to find best possible solution.
Omnidirectional WLAN Antenna With Common-Mode Current Suppression

An omnidirectional wireless local area network (WLAN) loop-slot antenna with common-mode current (CMC) suppression is proposed in this communication. First, based on the analysis of the equivalent model of odd–even mode, the feeding coaxial line is led out at the voltage-zero point of the loop-slot element, which suppresses the CMC over the full band. Second, through the theory of array, three loop-slot elements form an array to obtain omnidirectional radiation. Finally, the physical size is reduced by loading Stubs T in the slot. The roundness of the radiation pattern is modified by the Stubs T and the chamfering edge of the antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna achieves $\vert \text{S}_{11}\vert < -10$ dB in bands of 2.15–2.65 and 4.85–5.92 GHz. In addition, the roundness is 0.95 dB at 2.4 GHz, 1.84 dB at 5.2 GHz, and 2.43 dB at 5.8 GHz. The antenna effectively suppresses the CMC to keep a favorable roundness over a wide band, showing its potential in WLAN communication systems.
Glycoconjugate Residues Type in Endometrium Aceh Cattle (Bos indicus) During Estrus Cycle

The ability of aceh cattle to reproduce in extreme environments is thought to be supported by their reproductive system. This research was conducted to study the reproductive system of Aceh cattle by identifying the types and distribution of glycoconjugates in the endometrium of Aceh cattle at various stages of the estrous cycle. This study used the fifteen pubescent female Acehn cows, the phase of the estrous cycle, and weighing 200-300 kg. Samples were obtained from the slaughterhouse of Banda Aceh City, Aceh Province. The uterus is fixed in Bouin's solution and processed histologically. The uterus is stained with histochemical lectins (Con-A, WGA, RCA, and UEA-I) to detect the type of glycoconjugate. The data obtained are presented in the form of images and analyzed descriptively. The glycoconjugates of D-galactose, L-fucose, D-mannose / D-glucose, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine can be identified in the endometrium of aceh cattle at various stages of the estrous cycle. The presence of these glycoconjugates is thought to play an important role in the reproductive process that occurs in the endometrium of aceh cattle during the estrous cycle.
Energy-Efficient Trajectory Optimization for UAV-Assisted IoT Networks

In this paper, we propose and study an energy-efficient trajectory optimization scheme for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In such networks, a single UAV is powered by both solar energy and charging stations (CSs), resulting in sustainable communication services, while avoiding energy outage. In particular, we optimize the trajectory design of UAV by jointly considering the average data rate, the total energy consumption, and the fairness of coverage for the IoT terminals. A dynamic spatial-temporal configuration scheme is operated for terminals working in the discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. The module-free, action-confined on-policy and off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) approaches are proposed and jointly applied to solve the formulated optimization problem in this paper. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy by comparing it with other dynamic benchmark algorithms. The extensive simulation results provided in this paper reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmarks in terms of data transmission, energy efficiency and adaptivity of avoiding battery depletion. By deploying the proposed trajectory scheme, the UAV is able to adapt itself according to the temporal and dynamic conditions of communication networks.