Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Chinese Adults Who Consume Homemade versus Commercial Alcohol

Abstract Background Little is known about adults in China who drink homemade alcohol, and whether they are at elevated risk of harms relative to those who drink alcohol from commercial sources. Purpose: We describe and contrast adults in China who regularly consume either homemade or commercially available alcohol, or both. Methods: Household-based in-person interviews were conducted in 2018 with adults in Jiangshan and Lanxi. We examined the characteristics of 833 adults who had consumed alcohol within the previous 30 days, comparing those who drank commercial alcohol only with those who drank homemade alcohol only and alcohol from both sources. Results: Regression analyses revealed that drinkers of both homemade and commercial alcohol consumed more drinks and were more likely to report heavy drinking than did drinkers of commercial or homemade alcohol only and were also more likely to meet criteria for alcohol use disorder. We also found that homemade-only alcohol drinkers were at elevated risk for this disorder. Conclusions: Drinkers of both homemade and commercial alcohol in China may be at risk for alcohol-related problems and constitute a little understood population for whom further research is needed. The AB InBev Foundation supported this study.
Contribution of Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Black Carbon to the Carcinogenicity of Air Pollution: Evidence regarding Risk of Cancer in the Gazel Cohort

Background: Black carbon (BC), a component of fine particulate matter [particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)], may contribute to carcinogenic effects of air pollution. Until recently however, there has been little evidence to evaluate this hypothesis. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the associations between long-term exposure to BC and risk of cancer. This study was conducted within the French Gazel cohort of 20,625 subjects. Methods: We assessed exposure to BC by linking subjects’ histories of residential addresses to a map of European black carbon levels in 2010 with back- and forward-extrapolation between 1989 and 2015. We used extended Cox models, with attained age as time-scale and time-varying cumulative exposure to BC, adjusted for relevant sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. To consider latency between exposure and cancer diagnosis, we implemented a 10-y lag, and as a sensitivity analysis, a lag of 2 y. To isolate the effect of BC from that of total PM2.5, we regressed BC on PM2.5 and used the residuals as the exposure variable. Results: During the 26-y follow-up period, there were 3,711 incident cancer cases (all sites combined) and 349 incident lung cancers. Median baseline exposure in 1989 was 2.65 10−5/m [interquartile range (IQR): 2.23–3.33], which generally slightly decreased over time. Using 10 y as a lag-time in our models, the adjusted hazard ratio per each IQR increase of the natural log-transformed cumulative BC was 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.29) for all-sites cancer combined and 1.31 (0.93, 1.83) for lung cancer. Associations with BC residuals were also positive for both outcomes. Using 2 y as a lag-time, the results were similar. Discussion: Our findings for a cohort of French adults suggest that BC may partly explain the association between PM2.5 and lung cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our results and further disentangle the effects of BC, total PM2.5, and other constituents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8719
Solvent‐Controlled Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Uniform Eu:YVO4 Nanophosphors with Different Morphologies

A facile solvothermal route has been developed for the preparation of tetragonal europium-doped yttrium orthovanadate nanoparticles (Eu:YVO4) and is based on a homogeneous precipitation reaction at 120 °C from solutions of rare earth precursors (yttrium acetylacetonate and europium nitrate) and sodium orthovanadate in ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol/water mixtures. The nature of the solvent has a dramatic effect on the morphology and crystallinity of the resulting nanoparticles. Polycrystalline nanoellipsoids (130 × 60 nm) were obtained in pure ethylene glycol, whereas quasispherical nanoparticles (100 nm) with monocrystalline character precipitated in ethylene glycol/water (7:3 by volume) mixtures. To explain these different morphological and structural features, the mechanism of particles formation was investigated. The effects of the doping level on the luminescence properties (emission spectra and luminescence lifetime) were also evaluated to find the optimum nanophosphors. Finally, it is shown that the luminescent efficiency of the quasispherical nanoparticles was higher than that of the nanoellipsoids; this can be related to differences in crystallinity and in impurity content.
Identification of key genes in type 2 diabetes‐induced erectile dysfunction rats with stem cell therapy through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis

Diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a frequent complication of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy was demonstrated to improve erectile function in DMED. However, the pathogenesis of DMED and the mechanism by which MSCs function are still unclear. We established a rat model of DMED and gave MSC therapy through intracavernous injection. After transcriptome sequencing of rats’ penile tissue, we identified a total of 1,097 overlapped differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the normal control group, DMED group, and MSC‐treated group, containing 189 upregulated genes and 908 downregulated genes. The enriched functions of upregulated DEGs included extracellular matrix organisation (GO:0030198), extracellular structure organisation (GO:0043062), and wound healing (GO:0042060), PPAR signalling pathway (rno03320), arachidonic acid metabolism (rno00590) and retinol metabolism (rno00830). The enriched functions of downregulated DEGs included peptidase activity (GO:0052547), hair follicle development (GO:0001942), intermediate filament‐based process (GO:0045103), nitrogen metabolism (rno00910), aldosterone‐regulated sodium reabsorption (rno04960) and retinol metabolism (rno00830). We constructed a PPI network with 547 nodes and 2,365 edges and identified 15 hub genes with high connectivity degree. In summary, 15 hub genes with potential roles in the development of ED were identified. Further functional research would be required to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying misregulated genes.
Selective Ge deposition on Si using thermal decomposition of GeH4

Deposition characteristics of Ge using thermal decomposition of GeH4 are studied. The deposition rate of Ge in a surface reaction region at temperatures below 410 °C is formulated as a function of the deposition temperature and GeH4 partial pressure. Selective deposition of Ge occurs reproducibly in the lower temperature range below 410 °C. The cause of the suppression of selectivity and epitaxial growth at deposition temperatures above 450 °C is confirmed as oxide contamination on the substrate.
Conceptual framework for telehealth strategies to increase family involvement in treatment and recovery for youth opioid use disorder

With opioid use at crisis levels, it is imperative to support youth ages with opioid use disorders (OUD) in taking medication and accessing behavioral services over long periods. This article presents a conceptual framework for telehealth strategies that can be adopted to increase family involvement across a four-stage continuum of youth OUD treatment and recovery: Treatment Preparation, Treatment Initiation, Treatment Stabilization, OUD Recovery. It first identifies provider-delivered tele-interventions that can enhance OUD services in each of the four stages, including family outreach, family engagement, family-focused intervention, and family-focused recovery maintenance. It then introduces several types of direct-to-family tele-supports that can be used to supplement provider-delivered interventions. These include both synchronous tele-supports (remote interactions that occur in real time) such as helplines, peer-to-peer coaching, and online support groups; and asynchronous tele-supports (communications that occur without participants being simultaneously present) such as automated text messaging, self-directed internet-based courses, and digital web support.
Association of Machine Learning–Based Predictions of Medial Knee Contact Force With Cartilage Loss Over 2.5 Years in Knee Osteoarthritis

The relationship between in vivo knee load predictions and longitudinal cartilage changes has not been investigated. We undertook this study to develop an equation to predict the medial tibiofemoral contact force (MCF) peak during walking in persons with instrumented knee implants, and to apply this equation to determine the relationship between the predicted MCF peak and cartilage loss in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
The influence of vaginal progesterone on Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index.

OBJECTIVES Uterine artery Doppler is frequently used in the first trimester and it is one of the more effective measurement methods in the prediction of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Progesterone is a hormone that is used quite frequently in various indications in obstetrics and gynecologic practice. We aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone on the uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (PI) at 11-14 gestational weeks. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is a retrospective case-control study conducted in Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine between January and December 2019. Uterine artery Doppler PI values of patients using progesterone were compared with PI values of patients not using progesterone. Uterine artery PI was measured two times, left and right. Then the mean PI was calculated. All measurements were made by two operators and by the same ultrasonography machine RESULTS: A total of 288 patients, 140 patients using progesterone and 148 patients not using progesterone were included in the study. Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in the right and left uterine artery PI values. There was no significant difference for average uterine artery PI between the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Progesterone has no significant influence on uterine artery PI. However, more prospective studies in which all potential confounding factors are considered including serum progesterone levels are needed for this subject.
Risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality in patients with psoriasis treated by interleukin-17 inhibitors

Abstract Background The risk of the infection and its complications under this drug class remains to be determined. Objective To evaluate the risk of COVID-19, COVID-19-associated hospitalization, and mortality among patients with psoriasis treated by IL-17I. Methods A population-based cohort study was performed to compare psoriasis patients treated by IL-17I (n = 680) with those treated by methotrexate (n = 2153) and non-systemic/non-immunomodulatory treatments (n = 138,750) regarding the incidence of COVID-19 and its complications. Results The use of IL-17I was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection [adjusted HR for IL-17I vs. methotrexate: 0.91 (95% CI, 0.48–1.72); IL-17I vs. non-systemic/non-immunomodulatory treatments: 0.92 (95% CI, 0.54–1.59)]. IL-17I was associated with comparable risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization [adjusted HR for IL-17I vs. methotrexate: 0.42 (95% CI, 0.05–3.39); IL-17I vs. non-systemic/non-immunomodulatory treatments: 0.65 (95% CI, 0.09–4.59)] and COVID-19-associated mortality [adjusted HR for IL-17I vs. methotrexate: 7.57 (95% CI, 0.36–157.36); IL-17I vs. non-systemic/non-immunomodulatory treatments: 7.05 (95% CI, 0.96–51.98)]. In a sensitivity analysis, neither secukinumab nor ixekizumab imposed an elevated risk of any of the outcomes of interests. Conclusions IL-17I treatment does not confer an increased risk of COVID-19 infection or its complications in patients with psoriasis. Our findings support the continuation of IL-17I treatment during the pandemic.
Simultaneous knockout of multiple LHCF genes using single sgRNAs and engineering of a high‐fidelity Cas9 for precise genome editing in marine algae

Summary The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA‐guided sequence‐specific genome editing tool, which has been adopted for single or multiple gene editing in a wide range of organisms. When working with gene families with functional redundancy, knocking out multiple genes within the same family may be required to generate a phenotype. In this study, we tested the possibility of exploiting the known tolerance of Cas9 for mismatches between the single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) and target site to simultaneously introduce indels in multiple homologous genes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. As a proof of concept, we designed two sgRNAs that could potentially target the same six light‐harvesting complex (LHC) genes belonging to the LHCF subgroup. Mutations in up to five genes were achieved simultaneously using a previously established CRISPR/Cas9 system for P. tricornutum. A visible colour change was observed in knockout mutants with multiple LHCF lesions. A combination of pigment, LHCF protein and growth analyses was used to further investigate the phenotypic differences between the multiple LHCF mutants and WT. Furthermore, we used the two same sgRNAs in combination with a variant of the existing Cas9 where four amino acids substitutions had been introduced that previously have been shown to increase Cas9 specificity. A significant reduction of off‐target editing events was observed, indicating that the altered Cas9 functioned as a high‐fidelity (HiFi) Cas9 nuclease.
Characterization of Organic Particles from Incense Burning Using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Incense burning is a common ritual in Asian communities both indoors in residential homes and outdoors in temple premises. Organic particles from burning of incense sticks, incense coils, and mosquito coils after extensive dilution (>1000×) were characterized by the Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). The obtained mass spectra in general resemble those reported for biomass burning aerosols. Ion peaks with m/z values higher than 100 accounted for 15%–25% of the organic signals in the unit-mass-resolution (UMR) mass spectra. In the high-resolution (HR) mass spectra, the ion peaks at m/z 60 and 73 are found to be related to the sugar anhydrides as in particles from other biomass burning processes. In addition, the ion peaks at m/z 107, 121, 137, 151, 167, and 181, some of which (e.g., m/z 137 and 167) have been observed in particles from biomass burning but not yet assigned, were assigned to lignin-related components. Elemental analysis from the HR data reveals that a large portion of particulate organics from incense burning are oxygenated (O/C between 0.3 and 0.5) and unsaturated (and/or cyclic) in nature. Results from this study also highlight that mass spectra from HR-ToF-AMS measurements concerning primary emissions such as incense burning contain very useful information in the high m/z (>100) region about the chemical characteristics of those primary organic particles. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
“There’s Girls Who Can Fight, and There’s Girls Who Are Innocent”: Gendered Safekeeping as Virtue Maintenance Work

Women routinely practise taxing safety strategies in public, such as avoiding unlit spaces after dark. To date, scholars have understood these behaviors as means by which women bolster their physical safety in public. My in-depth interviews with women in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia suggest that, much less than reliably enhancing women’s safety, safety work often exacerbates women’s fear of violent crime and unreliably mitigates their exposure to violence. I thus interrogate the protective function of gendered safekeeping and reconceptualize women’s safety work as virtue maintenance work, theorizing that women practice risk-management in public places to attain the ontological security associated with evading subjectivities of gendered imprudence.
Escin inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor production by blocking nuclear factor-κB activation in pancreatic cancer cell lines

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer. Thus, the development of new and more effective therapies is urgently required. Escin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from the horse chestnut, has been reported to exhibit antitumor potential by reducing cell proliferation and blocking the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in several types of cancer. Our previous study reported that NF-κB enhanced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby inducing angiogenesis in PaCa cell lines. In the present study, it was examined whether escin inhibited angiogenesis by blocking NF-κB activation in PaCa. It was initially confirmed that escin, at concentrations >10 µM, significantly inhibited the proliferation of several PaCa cell lines. Next, using immunocytochemical staining, it was found that escin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, ELISA confirmed that NF-κB activity in the escin-treated PaCa cells was significantly inhibited and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced IL-8 and VEGF were significantly suppressed following escin treatment in the PaCa cell lines. ELISA also showed that escin decreased the secretion of IL-8 and VEGF from the PaCa cells. Furthermore, tube formation in immortalized human endothelial cells was inhibited following incubation with the supernatants from escin-treated PaCa cells. These results indicated that escin inhibited angiogenesis by reducing the secretion of IL-8 and VEGF by blocking NF-κB activity in PaCa. In conclusion, escin could be used as a novel molecular therapy for PaCa.
Jasmonate induces anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple by mediating the JAZ1-TRB1-MYB9 complex.

Jasmonate (JA) induces the biosynthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. MdMYB9 is essential for the modulation of both anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation in apple, but the molecular mechanism for JA-induction of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis is unclear. In this study, we discovered an apple telomere-binding protein (MdTRB1) as the interacting protein of MdMYB9. A series of biological assays showed that MdTRB1 acted as a positive modulator of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation, which was dependent on MdMYB9. MdTRB1 interacted with MdMYB9 and enhanced the activation activity of MdMYB9 to its downstream genes. In addition, we found that the JA signaling repressor MdJAZ1 interacted with MdTRB1 and interfered with the interaction between MdTRB1 and MdMYB9, therefore negatively modulating MdTRB1-promoted anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. These results show that the JAZ1-TRB1-MYB9 module dynamically modulates JA-mediated anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation. Taken together, our data further expands the functional study of TRB1 and provides insights for further studies on the JA modulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis.
Developing the Pneumonia-Optimized Ratio for Community-acquired pneumonia: An easy, inexpensive and accurate prognostic biomarker

Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still a major public health problem. Prognostic scores at admission in tertiary services may improve early identification of severity and better allocation of resources, ultimately improving survival. Herein, we aimed at evaluating prognostic biomarkers of CAP and a Pneumonia-Optimized Ratio was created to improve prognostic performance. Methods In this retrospective study, all patients with suspected Community-acquired pneumonia aged 18 or older admitted to a public hospital from January 2019 to February 2020 were included in this study. Blood testing and clinical information at admission were collected, and the primary outcome was overall survival. CURB-65 scores and prognostic biomarkers were measured, namely Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Cell Ratio (NLCR), Platelet to Lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR). A Pneumonia-Optimized Ratio (POR) score was created by selecting the biomarker with larger accuracy (NLCR) and multiplying it by the patients’ CURB-65 score. Multivariate regression model was performed and ROC curves were created for each biomarker. Results Our sample consisted of 646 individuals (median 66 years [IQR, 18–103], 53.9% females) with complete blood testing at the time of admission. Patients scored 0–1 (323, 50%), 2 (187, 28.9%), or 3 or above (122, 18.9%) in the CURB-65, and 65 (10%) presented the primary outcome of death. POR exhibited the highest Area Under Curve (AUC) in the ROC analysis (AUC = 0.753), when compared with NLCR (AUC = 0.706), PLR (AUC = 0.630) and MLR (AUC = 0.627). POR and NLCR presented increased crude mortality rate in the fourth quartile in comparison with the first quartile, and the fourth quartile of NLCR had more days of hospitalization than the first quartile (11.06±15.96 vs. 7.02±8.39, p = 0.012). Conclusion The Pneumonia-Optimized Ratio in patients with CAP showed good prognostic performance of mortality at the admission of a tertiary service. The NLCR may also be used as an estimation of days of hospitalization. Prognostic biomarkers may provide important guidance to resource allocation in resource-limited settings.
Emergency Contraception Administration, Toxicology Kit Use, and Postassault Reporting

ABSTRACT Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) are specially trained to meet the postassault medical forensic needs of sexual assault patients. However, there remains a dearth of literature comparing directly postassault service provision and action in cases treated by SANEs as compared to non-SANE medical providers. In this study, we compare rates of emergency contraception administration, toxicology kit use, reports to police at the time of examination, and mandatory child abuse reports among n = 3,969 sexual assault cases treated by SANEs and non-SANE medical providers. Compared to cases treated by non-SANE medical providers, cases treated by SANEs were significantly more likely to have emergency contraception administered, less likely to have a toxicology kit collected, less likely to have a police report filed at the time of examination, and more likely to have a mandatory child abuse report filed. Observed patterns suggest that non-SANE medical providers may find it difficult to balance the needs of the criminal justice system with those of their patients, whereas SANEs provide a tailored, comprehensive first response. We discuss the importance of consistent, accurate documentation and clearly defined protocols in the medical forensic response to sexual assault patients.
A machine learning‐based survival prediction model of high grade glioma by integration of clinical and dose‐volume histogram parameters

Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, and it causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in high‐grade glioma (HGG) patients. The accurate prognostic prediction of HGG is vital and helpful for clinicians when developing therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we propose a machine learning‐based survival prediction model by analyzing clinical and dose‐volume histogram (DVH) parameters, to improve the performance of the risk model in HGG patients.