Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Escape from Darfur: Why Israel Needs to Adopt a Comprehensive Domestic Refugee Law

INTRODUCTION 602 I. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SUDAN‘S DOMESTIC CONFLICTS LEADING TO A MASSIVE INCREASE OF SUDANESE ASYLUM SEEKERS 605 A. A Brief History of Sudan‘s Internal Violence 605 1. Sudan‘s North-South Civil War 605 2. The Current Conflict in Darfur: Additional Refugees in Desperate Need of Asylum 607 B. Israel‘s Relationship to Asylum Seekers from Darfur . 609 II. APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ISRAELI LAWS AND POLICIES RELATING TO THE RIGHTS OF REFUGEES 611 A. International Law Relating to the Refugees‘ Rights 611 1. Relevant Principles of the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol 612 2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 613 B. Israel‘s Laws and Policies Affecting Refugees and Asylum Seekers 614 1. The Prevention of Infiltration Law 616 2. The Regulations Regarding the Treatment of Asylum Seekers in Israel: Israel‘s Insufficient Attempt at a Comprehensive Refugee Policy 616 3. Israel‘s New ―Hot Return‖ Policy 617 III. ISRAEL‘S RESPONSES TO THE INCREASE OF SUDANESE ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE IN BREACH OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 618 A. Israel‘s Imprisonment of Sudanese Asylum Seekers . 619 B. Israel‘s ―Hot Return‖ Policy Violates the Principle of
Opinion leaders in the domain of consumer electronics and their use of external search channels

This study proposes and tests a number of hypotheses about opinion leaders in the domain of consumer electronics and their use of external search channels. Based on the results of a survey among 1872 consumers, opinion leaders in the domain of consumer electronics are found to most likely be young working males without children. The use of different search channels by opinion leaders is related to the degree of opinion leadership through an inverted U-shape. This study shows that these relationships are in fact explained by the respondents’ knowledge about the product category. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: exploring large-scale patterns in mainland China

Abstract: Relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are vital to understand ecosystem properties, and have frequently been addressed in small-scale studies. However, interactions and changes differ at large scales, and should be similarly evaluated to monitor biodiversity and ecosystem functional alterations. In the present study, Mainland China was divided into 241 quadrats of 2° latitude by 2° longitude. Ecosystem function was comprehensively assessed using three indicator variables in each quadrat, primary productivity, bird species richness, and relative humidity. Relationships between each ecosystem function variable were regressed against seed plant species richness. All three indicators exhibited the same change model, a linear model when plant species richness was under 5.000 species, and a hump-back/quadratic model when seed plant richness was over 5.000 species, with an increase in seed plant species richness at a larger scale.
Global plant hardiness zones for phytosanitary risk analysis

Plant hardiness zones are widely used for selection of perennial plants and for phytosanitary risk analysis. The most widely used definition of plant hardiness zones (United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum) is based on average annual extreme minimum temperature. There is a need for a global plant hardiness map to standardize the comparison of zones for phytosanitary risk analysis. Two data sets were used to create global hardiness zones: i) Climate Research Unit (CRU) 1973-2002 monthly data set; and ii) the Daily Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). The CRU monthly data set was downscaled to five-minute resolution and a cubic spline was used to convert the monthly values into daily values. The GHCN data were subjected to a number of quality control measures prior to analysis. Least squares regression relationships were developed using GHCN and derived lowest average daily minimum temperature data and average annual extreme minimum temperatures. Error estimate statistics were calculated from the numerical difference between the estimated value for the grid and the station. The mean absolute error for annual extreme minimum temperature was 1.9oC (3.5oF) and 2/3 of the stations were classified into the correct zone.
Multistability of optically bound objects

In this paper we elucidate the peculiar behaviour of optically bounded micron-sized objects. For these studies we have modified algorithm based on the coupled dipole method (CDM), which is currently the most effective tool for the analysis. We present how to simulate the optical binding of two dielectric spheres placed in two counter-propagating non-interfering Gaussian laser beams. The results give us an insight into the background of forces acting between optically bound particles concerning the phenomenon of multi-stable particle separations.
A Big Data Approach for Decision Making in Bridge Maintenance

The Taiwan Bridge Management System (TBMS) has been online since 2000 and the total amount of inventory is 33,275, including all kinds of bridges and culverts. Currently, the number of fields in all tables in the databases of TBMS is around 6,500 with more than 3.4 million data records in its databases. There are more than 11,200 bridges that are over 20 years old with another 9,300 bridge having unknown built years in the TBMS. The bridges in Taiwan have stepped into the stage where maintenance is crucial and frequently required. Therefore, this research aims at analyzing the database in the TBMS using Exploratory Factor Analysis for determining maintenance strategies for these bridges. This paper describes results of the first year’s research efforts. Relevant literature in bridge maintenance, prioritization, and life-cycle bridge management were firstly reviewed. Concepts, theories, and available software for analyzing “Big Data” were also introduced.
22 q 11 . 2 Deletion Syndrome in Colombian Patients With Syndromic Cleft Lip and / or Palate

The objective of this work was to identify 22q11.2 chromosomal deletion in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and suggestive syndromic phenotype in Colombian patients. We studied 49 patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, exhibiting additional clinical findings linked to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. All patients underwent high-resolution G-banded karyotyping, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and clinical evaluation by a geneticist. Seven patients presented 22q11.2 deletion and 2 patients had other chromosomal abnormalities. In conclusion, this study contributes with new data for genetic etiology in syndromic conditions of oral fissures.
The stability and dynamics of a spike in the 1D Keller–Segel model

In the limit of a large mass M » 1 and on a finite interval of length 2L, an equilibrium spike solution to the classical Keller-Segel chemotaxis model with a linear chemotactic function is constructed asymptotically. By calculating an asymptotic formula for the translational eigenvalue for M » 1, it is shown that the equilibrium spike solution is unstable to translations of the spike profile. If in addition L » 1, the equilibrium spike is shown to be metastable as a result of an asymptotically exponentially small eigenvalue. For M » 1 and L » 1, an asymptotic ordinary differential equation for the metastable spike motion is derived that shows that the spike drifts exponentially slowly towards one of the boundaries of the domain. For a certain reduced Keller-Segel model, corresponding to a domain of small length, a solution with a spike at each of the two boundaries is constructed. This solution is found to be metastable, and it is shown that there is an exponentially slow exchange of mass between the two spikes that occurs over very long timescales. For arbitrary initial conditions, energy methods are used to show the global existence of solutions. The relationship between this reduced Keller-Segel model and a Burgers-type equation modelling the upward propagation of a flame front in a finite channel is emphasized. Full numerical computations are used to confirm the asymptotic results.
THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A SAFETY CLIMATE SCALE

Taking into consideration the gaps in the safety climate measurement literature, a new scale was developed and its psychometric properties were examined in a Ghanaian industrial context. In a cross sectional survey, 273 technical mine workers, representing a response rate of 90.7%, returned their fully filled questionnaires. Principal component analysis revealed four underlying safety climate dimensions; each of which had an acceptable Cronbach's alpha reliability. Further, all the identified dimensions effectively discriminated among workers on the basis of their work unit and position. Together the findings suggest that the scale possesses a satisfactory degree of reliability and it is discriminantly valid. The scale can thus be used for periodic safety climate monitoring within the mining industry.
Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Start-up Incubators (From a Users’ Perspective)

The emergence of technologically oriented small business ventures referred to as start-ups has brought in another global trend, the emergence of start-up incubators. Although business incubators have been present since the 1950’s, their importance has never been greater. Local governments, as well as private entities, have recognized the importance of business incubation as a driving force of innovation and the economy as a whole. This qualitative study is focused on examining experiences of tenants located in two start-up incubators in the city of Zagreb – public Tehnološki Park Zagreb – The Technology Park Zagreb incubator, and privately owned Zagrebački Inkubator Poduzetništva – Zagreb Entrepreneurship Incubator. Examining and comparing the two Zagreb incubators provided insight on the quality of services and support that are offered to Zagreb start-ups, while taking their tenants’ expectations into account, as well as their motivations for joining. The goal of this study was to gain deeper understanding of the process of incubation in two Zagreb start-up incubators, as well as to examine possibilities for further improvements of their programs. ANALYSIS OF START-UP INCUBATORS 4 Table of
Oppression amidst Socio-political Tapestry of Azucena Grajo Uranza’s “Bamboo in the Wind”

Literature as a form of art captures life in all its varied forms and shapes. It reflects society and serves as a corrective mirror where people can look at themselves and find a reason to initiate a positive change. This study aims to thresh out the preponderance of oppression as a theme in the various facets of the novel through exposition of excerpts and surface out the corrective change manifested by the characters as written. The novel of Azucena Grajo Uranza entitled “Bamboo in the Wind” depicting a socio-political story anchored in Philippine history during the Marcosian era, was analyzed using the sociological and philosophical approach to literary criticism. Findings show that different forms of oppression were experienced by the characters in the novel. These include exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, and violence. These realities happened amidst the backdrop of martial law in the Marcosian era. The author was able to emulate the transformation of human consciousness of character and made apparent two significant learnings in man's experience, that of human dignification and being a man for others. The novel captures socio-political accounts that give life to history and is indeed a national treasure where Filipinos in contemporary times and people of various cultures may derive insights for human transformational learning.
Isotopic characterization of Jurassic evaporites. Aconcagua-Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Isotopic analysis can be used to interpret the origin of evaporitic sediments. A preliminary isotopic study of strontium, oxygen and sulphur has been carried out in Ca-sulphate facies of Jurassic marine evaporates (Tabanos Formation and Auquilco Formation) outcropping in southern Mendoza, Aconcagua-Neuquen Basin (Argentina), as a part of a comprehensive sedimentologic study. The analysed sections are located at arroyo Las Lenitas, Canada Ancha and arroyo Blanco. Sampled units include laminated, banded, and nodular lithofacies, made up of anhydrite, secondary gypsum and calcite. The mineralogy was studied by conventional petrographic analysis and X-ray diffraction. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio was obtained in six samples, with values ranging from 0.706793 to 0.706839, which match marine calcium-sulphate data of the same age. A similar conclusion may be derived from ten samples analysed for oxygen (d18O) and sulphur (d34S) isotopic composition: the obtained values are between +11.55‰ and +14.42‰, and between +17.25‰ and +18.48‰ respectively. The sedimentologic- stratigraphic evidence and the isotopic data both suggest a marine origin for the Tabanos and Auquilco evaporites, without an analytically detectable contribution of continental waters or hydrothermal solutions. The results also suggest that no isotope fractionation occurred during the primary gypsum-to-anhydrite-to-secondary gypsum transformations.
Evaluation of PERSIANN database in the framework of SMOS Calibration/Validation activities over Valencia Anchor Station

Review of Evaluation of PERSIANN database in the framework of SMOS Calibration/Validation activities over Valencia Anchor Station by Juglea, Kerr, Mialon, et al. General comments: The added value of the satellite-derived PERSIANN precipitation product is assessed through the performance of a land surface model over a Spanish site. The evaluation of precipitation products is a particularly important and timely issue. However, the objec-
THE APPLICATION OF NBCC 2005 PROBABILISTIC GROUND MOTIONS TO LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENTS

The design motions in NBCC 2005 are about twice the motions in the previous code, NBCC 1995. In Vancouver the peak ground acceleration for reference ground conditions is now 0.46g, instead of 0.24g under the previous code. The current practice for evaluating the potential for triggering liquefaction which uses the peak probabilistic ground acceleration and a somewhat arbitrarily selected earthquake magnitude in the Seed-Idriss simplified method was reviewed and found to be quite conservative for some locations. Two different methods which deal more logically with the probabilistic ground motions are presented. These methods can give higher factors of safety against liquefaction than current practice in some seismic environments. RÉSUMÉ Les mouvements de conception dans NBCC 2005 sont environ deux fois les mouvements dans le code précédent, NBCC 1995. À Vancouver l'accélération au sol maximale pour les états au sol de référence est maintenant 0.46g, au lieu de 0.24g sous le code précédent NBCC 1995. La pratique courante pour évaluer le potentiel pour déclencher la liquéfaction qui emploie l'accélération au sol probabiliste maximale et une grandeur légèrement arbitrairement choisie de tremblement de terre dans la méthode simplifiée par Seed-Idriss a été passée en revue et avérée tout à fait conservatrice pour quelques endroits. Deux méthodes différentes qui traitent plus logiquement les mouvements au sol probabilistes sont présentées. Ces méthodes mettent en boîte donnent des facteurs plus élevés de la sûreté contre la liquéfaction que la pratique en vigueur dans quelques environnements séismiques
Analyzing Two Automatic Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) Assessment Methods (Inbuilt Rubric vs. Golden Summary) in Summaries Extracted from Expository Texts

The purpose of this study was to compare two automatic assessment methods using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA): a novel LSA assessment method (Inbuilt Rubric) and a traditional LSA method (Golden Summary). Two conditions were d using the Inbuilt Rubric method: the number of lexical descriptors needed to better accommodate an expert rubric (few vs. many) and a weighting to penalize off-topic contents d in the student summaries (weighted vs. non-weighted). One hundred and sixty-six students divided in two different samples (81 undergraduates and 85 High School students) took part in this study. Students summarized two expository texts that differed in complexity (complex/ easy) and length (1,300/500 words). Results showed that the Inbuilt Rubric method simulates human assessment better than Golden summaries in all cases. The similarity with human assessment was higher for Inbuilt Rubric (r = .78 and r = .79) than for Golden Summary (r = .67 and r = .47) in both texts. Moreover, to accommodate an expert rubric into the Inbuilt Rubric method was better using few descriptors and the weighted .
Preparation and Luminescence Characteristics of Na2O-PbO-SiO2 System Long Afterglow Luminescent Glasses

In this paper, the Na2O-PbO-SiO2 system long afterglow luminescent glasses of SrAl2O4: Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ were prepared. XRD analysis indicates the glass samples have the typical diffraction peaks of SrAl2O4: Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ . The emission spectra of the luminescent glass shows broad bands peaking at 510nm.The excitation spectra of the luminescent glass shows broad bands ranging from 300 to 480nm. The afterglow luminescence of the luminescent glasses which are excited by a 40W fluorescence lamp for 30min can be observed in the dark for more 10 hours with the naked eyes.
Quantitative Phosphoproteome Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Treated Human Epithelial Cells

The large clostridial glucosylating toxin B (TcdB) is a major virulence factor of the nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile. TcdB inhibits small GTPases by glucosylation leading to impaired downstream signaling. TcdB also possesses a glucosyltransferase independent effect described as pyknosis. To elucidate the impact of TcdB and its glucosylation-inactive mutant TcdBNXN on the kinome of human cells, SILAC labeled HEp-2 cells were treated with 2 nM TcdB for 8 h. Phosphopeptides were enriched using SCX chromatography, IMAC and TiO2 followed shotgun mass spectrometry analysis. Overall 4,197 phosphopeptides were identified; more than 1,200 phosphosites responded to treatment with TcdB or TcdBNXN. The data suggested that predominantly stress-activated MAPK-dependent signaling pathways were triggered by toxin B treatment.
Organic Farming Practice for Quality Improvement of Tea and Its Anti Parkinsonism Effect on Health Defense

Tea is an important beverage consumed worldwide. It is a source of important secondary metabolites like catechins monoterpenoids, carotenoids etc. Catechins are responsible for the beneficial health effects of tea. Over the decades conventional tea cultivation practice using synthetic fertilizer and pesticides has jeopardize the soil health particularly due to micronutrient deficiency, instability in yield and reduced product quality. Such threat has led to emergence of organic farming practice for improvement of crop yield and product quality that finally has an impact on human health defence. Field experiments conducted using organic farming practice has shown improved soil health by improving availability of micronutrients which in terms improved crop yield and quality of tea. The content of secondary phenolics compounds like total phenolics, GCG, EGCC, ECG was higher in when tea grown organically. Antioxidant property of tea extract from different farming practice was studied by DPPH method resulting higher radical scavenging capacity than tea grown conventionally. From the pharmacological study the organic tea extract has shown better control of Parkinsonism in two different animal model experiments. Organic tea extract exhibited better performance in reduction of Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in brain in Parkinson’s disease induced in test mice model than the tea extract obtained from conventional farming practice. The value of SOD and catalase activity in MPTP induced mice model given tea extract grown in control, conventional farming, vermicompost and vermicompost+vermiwash treatment are respectively 1.31 ± 0.16c, 1.8 ± 0.16d, 0.95 ± 0.14e, 0.79 ± 0.06; and 0.98 ± 0.07c, 1.10 ± 0.07d, 0.78 ± 0.07e, 0.69 ± 0.05a for Tv 25 variety. Similar result is obtained for Tv1 variety also.The present study generated information on soil, crop performance, yield and quality of tea related to health defense, which should be regarded as valuable information for a perennial crop like tea.
de la représentation temps-fréquence pour expliquer l’effet de la symétrie dans la propagation des vibrations élastiques autour d’un tube

The excitation and air-ﬁlled to its axis, gives rise to the propagation of several wave types. This phenomena calls scattering acoustic. Generally, the generated waves are divided into two categories, specular echo and elastic waves. Basing on the study of the elastic waves, allows us on one hand to study the scattering acoustic and on the other hand to extract the relevant features required to characterize the target. The analysing of the time and frequency representations of the backscattering acoustic pressure by the tube, under normal incidence, for di ﬀ erent values of the azimuthal angle between 0 ◦ and 180 ◦ , shows that this pressure is varied as function of this angle. These representations reveal the variation of the elastic waves constituting the backscattering pressure but are not adequate to give the convincing explanation of this variation. In order to explain this variation we appealed the time-frequency representation. Among time-frequency representations the spectrogram (SP), the smoothing pseudo Wigner-Ville (SPWV) and the reassigned SPWV (RSPWV) are used in this work. The application of these representations on the backscattering acoustic pressure for di ﬀ erent azimuthal angle values, we lead to ﬁnd the explication of the variation of this pressure as a function of the azimuthal angle.
A Review and Case Study on Reverse micro-Electrical Discharge Machining Process

Reverse micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (R-μEDM) is one of the immerging technique in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) field. This process is used to fabricate high aspect ratio arrayed micro-features. These high aspect ratio arrayed micro-electrodes have wide application in EDM hole drilling of fuel injection nozzles, spinnerets, turbine blade, etc. With the help of these arrayed micro-features productivity can be improved. This paper highlights the work that has been carried out on R-μEDM process. The focus of discussion is on the understanding of the R-μEDM process, comparison of RμEDM process with different micromachining process, effect of various process parameters on R-μEDM process and manufacturing of micro-pins. Fabricated micro-pins are having 500 μm diameter and 6.5 mm length. Gap voltage, Peak current and pulse on time are selected as process parameter while material removal rate is response parameter. Miro-pin fabricated are having high aspect ratio of 16.