Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data report : major and trace element data for leg 202 sites 1233 and 1234

The exchange of waters between the Pacific and the Southern Oceans occurs along the eastern boundary of the South Pacific. Because water masses of the Antarctic provide a connection among the world’s ocean basins, these water masses maintain the ability to influence changes in ocean circulation and climate (Lynch-Stieglitz et al., 1996). One of the primary goals of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 202 was to exploit the sediments underlying the southeast Pacific continental margin to ascertain how changes in past ocean circulation (i.e., water mass distributions) have affected global carbon, heat, and nutrient balances. In the southeast Pacific, oxygen-rich Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) combines with (low oxygen) North Pacific Intermediate Water to produce a steep water column–dissolved oxygen gradient between depths of ~0.5 and 1 km. Shallower in the water column, the classical oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) impinges along the continental margin. These different water masses thus produce a “double” OMZ, with lowoxygen waters straddling the oxygen-rich AAIW. Given this distribution, changes in the intensity of water mass source functions through time should leave behind a depth transect of changing proxy distributions in response to changing bottom water oxygen concentrations. Sediments at Site 1233 are bathed by AAIW at a water depth of 838 m, whereas Pacific Central Water bathes the overlying waters at Site 1234. Site 1234 is located north of Site 1233 at 1015-m water depth. Because of rapid erosion of the high Andes, terrigenous sedimentation rates at these sites are in the range of 1–2 m/k.y. 1McManus, J., 2006. Data report: major and trace element data for Leg 202 Sites 1233 and 1234. In Tiedemann, R. , Mix, A.C. , Richter, C. , and Ruddiman, W.F. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 202: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 1–9. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.202. 202.2006 2College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 Ocean Administration Building, Corvallis OR 97331-5503, USA. mcmanus@coas.oregonstate. edu
Robust Lane Detection in Shadows and Low Illumination Conditions using Local Gradient Features

This paper presents a method for lane boundaries detection which is not affected by the shadows, illumination and un-even road conditions. This method is based upon processing grayscale images using local gradient features, characteris-tic spectrum of lanes, and linear prediction. Firstly, points on the adjacent right and left lane are recognized using the local gradient descriptors. A simple linear prediction model is deployed to predict the direction of lane markers. The contribution of this paper is the use of vertical gradient image without converting into binary image(using suitable thre-shold), and introduction of characteristic lane gradient spectrum within the local window to locate the preciselane marking points along the horizontal scan line over the image. Experimental results show that this method has greater tolerance to shadows and low illumination conditions. A comparison is drawn between this method and recent methods reported in the literature.
Interleukin-6 as a predictor of symptom resolution in psychological distress: a cohort study

Background Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with the development of common mental disorders, such as depression, but its role in symptom resolution is unclear. Method We examined the association between IL-6 and symptom resolution in a non-clinical sample of participants with psychological distress. Results Relative to high IL-6 levels, low levels at baseline were associated with symptom resolution at follow-up [age- and sex-adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.25]. Further adjustment for covariates had little effect on the association. Symptomatic participants with repeated low IL-6 were more likely to be symptom-free at follow-up compared with those with repeated high IL-6 (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41). Among the symptomatic participants with elevated IL-6 at baseline, IL-6 decreased along with symptom resolution. Conclusions IL-6 is potentially related to the mechanisms underlying recovery from symptoms of mental ill health. Further studies are needed to examine these mechanisms and to confirm the findings in relation to clinical depression.
Progression of multiple system atrophy (MSA): A prospective natural history study by the European MSA Study Group (EMSA SG)

The disease‐specific Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) has been developed recently and validated for assessing disease severity in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Here, we aimed at (1) assessing rates of disease progression in MSA and (2) validating UMSARS for sensitivity to change over time. Impairment was assessed at two time points 12 months apart using UMSARS Part I (historical review), UMSARS Part II (motor examination), as well as measures of global disease severity, including UMSARS Part IV, Hoehn and Yahr (HY) Parkinson's disease staging, Schwab England Activities of Daily Living (SE ADL), and a three‐point global Severity Scale (SS3). Fifty patients (male:female ratio, 1:0.9; possible MSA, 16%; probable MSA, 84%; MSA‐parkinsonian, 58%; MSA‐cerebellar, 42%) were assessed twice with an interval of 12.3 months. UMSARS II scores progressed by 57.3% (P < 0.0001) and UMSARS I scores by 35.6% (P < 0.0001) in relation to the respective baseline scores with no differences between motor subtypes, diagnostic categories and gender. Significant inverse correlations between (1) UMSARS I or UMSARS II progression and (2) baseline disability measures (i.e., the respective UMSARS or SS3 scores) and disease duration were found. Furthermore, the increases in HY staging, SE ADL and SS3 correlated significantly with UMSARS I, UMSARS II, and UMSARS IV progression. This report is the first prospective study showing rapid annual UMSARS rates of decline in MSA. Our data contribute to the ongoing validation process of UMSARS, and they facilitate the planning and implementation of future neuroprotective intervention trials. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Perceived stigma and depression among caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder

Summary This study investigates the associations between perceived stigma, depressive symptoms and coping among caregivers of people with bipolar disorder. Caregivers of 500 people with DSM–IV bipolar disorder responded to measures of these constructs at study entry Patients' clinical and functional status were evaluated within 30 days of the caregiver assessment. Perceived stigma was positively associated with caregiver depressive symptoms, controlling for patient status and socio-demographic factors. Social support and avoidance coping accounted for 63% of the relationship between caregiver stigma and depression. Results suggest that caregivers' perceptions of stigma may negatively affect their mental health by reducing their coping effectiveness.
Can the output impedance of an inverter be designed capacitive?

In this paper, it is shown that the output impedance of an inverter can be designed to be capacitive via the feedback of the filter inductor current through an integrator. Such inverters are called C-inverters (inverters with inductive and resistive output impedances are called L-inverters and R-inverters, respectively). Moreover, a recently-proposed robust droop controller is further developed and applied to inverters with capacitive output impedances to achieve accurate sharing of real power and reactive power and to maintain the output voltage within the desired range. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and the performance. Under the same conditions, simulation results show that an inverter achieves lower total harmonic distortion (THD) when it is designed to have a capacitive output impedance than when it is designed to have a resistive or inductive output impedance.
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SHEAR STRAINS FOR OVALING AND RACKING ANALYSIS OF TUNNELS

Seismic analysis has become an important aspect of a prudent tunnel design, particularly when the tunnel is considered a lifeline whose post-earthquake functionality is important. A deformation-based approach to seismic design of underground structures, which differs from the inertia-based approach used predominately for above ground structures, has been developed over the past several decades. One mode of deformation evaluated is the tunnel’s response to vertically propagating shear waves (VPSW), which results in an “ovaling” distortion of circular tunnels or a “racking” distortion of rectangular tunnels. An important parameter for ovaling and racking analyses is the free field shear strain within the tunnel horizon that results from the VPSW. While simple closed form solutions are available that permit rapid evaluation of ovaling/racking strains, axial thrust, shear and moment in tunnel linings, developing the free field shear strain used in the closed form solutions by performing site response analyses is disproportionately more time consuming and involved. An existing simple method based on wave propagation theory is deficient in that it does not account for soil softening and layered soil deposits. This paper presents a new simple method for estimating free field shear strains that is quick and convenient, can be used for layered soil deposits, and accounts for soil softening.
Range-Doppler NLMS (RDNLMS) algorithm for cancellation of strong moving targets in passive coherent location (PCL) radar

The direct path signal, strong multi-path and strong moving target echoes can mask the weak target in passive coherent location (PCL) radar systems. The classical normalized least-mean squares (NLMS) algorithm is widely used in cancelling the direct path and multi-path interferences in PCL radar systems, which cannot suppress the stationary ground clutter and the strong moving target echoes simultaneously. An improved NLMS algorithm, called range-Doppler NLMS (RDNLMS), is proposed for cancelling the interferences with different delays (denoting the range information) and Doppler frequencies in PCL radar systems utilizing the Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) transmissions. The validity of the algorithm is verified by the simulative results.
RENEB accident simulation exercise

Abstract Purpose: The RENEB accident exercise was carried out in order to train the RENEB participants in coordinating and managing potentially large data sets that would be generated in case of a major radiological event. Materials and methods: Each participant was offered the possibility to activate the network by sending an alerting email about a simulated radiation emergency. The same participant had to collect, compile and report capacity, triage categorization and exposure scenario results obtained from all other participants. The exercise was performed over 27 weeks and involved the network consisting of 28 institutes: 21 RENEB members, four candidates and three non-RENEB partners. Results: The duration of a single exercise never exceeded 10 days, while the response from the assisting laboratories never came later than within half a day. During each week of the exercise, around 4500 samples were reported by all service laboratories (SL) to be examined and 54 scenarios were coherently estimated by all laboratories (the standard deviation from the mean of all SL answers for a given scenario category and a set of data was not larger than 3 patient codes). Conclusions: Each participant received training in both the role of a reference laboratory (activating the network) and of a service laboratory (responding to an activation request). The procedures in the case of radiological event were successfully established and tested.
intracellular free calcium in HEK293 cells Melanocortin receptor-mediated mobilization of

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 1, 2005; 146 (7): 3123-3132. Endocrinology Jodi F. Evans, Chwan-L Shen, Simcha Pollack, John F. Aloia and James K. Yeh C-Dependent Mechanism in Resting Chondrocytes through a Phospholipase i ] 2+ and Increases Basal [Ca ) i ] 2+ Adrenocorticotropin Evokes Transient Elevations in Intracellular Free Calcium ([Ca [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 1, 2006; 291 (6): E1372-E1380. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Tatnell, Garth J. S. Cooper and Kathleen G. Mountjoy Chia-Shan Jenny Wu, David R. Greenwood, Janine M. Cooney, Dwayne J. Jensen, Michele A. growth and associated rat hypothalamic protein expression -MSH both influence postnatal rat α -MSH and α Peripherally administered desacetyl [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2007; 81 (2): 383-392. J Leukoc Biol The melanocortin system in leukocyte biology [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August 1, 2008; 283 (31): 21747-21757. J. Biol. Chem. Igor V. Peshenko, Elena V. Olshevskaya and Alexander M. Dizhoor (RetGC1) : Binding of Guanylyl Cyclase Activating Protein 1 (GCAP1) to Retinal Guanylyl Cyclase [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August , 2010; 31 (4): 506-543. Endocrine Reviews The Melanocortin-4 Receptor: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology
The management of perforative carcinoma of the colon.

FOR many years the general principles of surgical procedure in the management of carcinoma of the colon have been recognized and practiced. The results of treatment are now available, and the significance of various prognostic factors is known. These operative methods have been based on an intimate knowledge of the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the various segments of the bowel, and more recently on control of operative dissemination of malignant cells through veins and through the bowel lumen itself. The matter of spread by direct extension, with resulting perforation of the carcinoma into free peritoneum or local adjacent .
A method deciding topological relationship for self-organizing maps by persistent homology analysis

Self-organizing maps (SOM) are an effective method to quantize data space into several subspaces so-called centroids based on the probability distribution over input data space. The two-dimensional grid is widely used in SOM, yet several recent studies have introduced non-grid relationship, such as spherical or torus, which fit well depending on the topological structure among datapoints. However, there has been no definitive method to decide appropriate Topological Relationship. Traditionally, topological relationship had to be determined by looking into raw high-dimensional data, which requires highly non-trivial skills of experts. This paper proposes a systematic procedure to decide the suitable topological relationship of SOM via Persistence Homology analysis. Experimental results revealed that the proposed method enables to reduce the quantization error of SOM, to be a mapping in accordance with probability distribution, and to be a mapping which maintains similarity.
A comparative study on thermal conductivity and rheology properties of alumina and multi-walled carbon nanotube nanofluids

Thermal conductivity and rheology behavior of two aqueous nanofluids, i.e., alumina and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluids, were experimentally investigated and compared with previous analytical models. Information about the possible agglomeration size and interfacial thermal resistance in the nanofluids were obtained and partially validated. By incorporating the effects of interfacial thermal resistance, a revised model was found to accurately reproduce the experimental data based on the agglomeration size extracted from the rheology analysis. In addition, the thermal conductivity change of the alumina/water nanofluid with elapsed time was investigated. Thermal conductivity measurements were also conducted for alumina/water and MWCNT/water nanofluid mixtures.
The management of massive pneumocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea as a consequence of biopsy in a patient with inverted papilloma

Abstract Nasal polypectomy is a common ENT operation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea and pneumocephalus are rare complications. We present a patient who developed both these complications after biopsy of nasal polyps which subsequently proved to be an inverted papilloma. He had a defect in the ethmoid roof, which was repaired. Whilst endoscopic repair of CSF leak is increasing in popularity, in this patient because of his pathology and difficulty of access a more traditional lateral rhinotomy approach was made with a successful outcome. An overview of the management of these complications is presented.
End to End Semantic Accountability ( E 2 ESA )

What are we trying to do ? How is it done at present? Though large-scale, decentralized systems like the Web provide ease of information flow, this information revolution comes with the challenges of inappropriate use. Excesses and abuses in the use of information are most commonly considered problems of information security. They are seen as consequences of unauthorized access, and accordingly, enormous effort in current information technology research and development is devoted to inventing more reliable methods for restricting access to information. However, even when access restriction can be perfectly and completely achieved, there are significant cases where policies implemented purely as up front controls are too rigid to faithfully reflect societal needs. An alternative approach is to emphasize the design of systems that provide greater information accountability as judged against rules governing appropriate use. In a world where information is ever more easily copied and improperly passed on even by authorized users, and where automated correlations and inferences across multiple databases can uncover information even when it has not been explicitly revealed, access control is simply not enough and accountability must become a primary means by which society addresses issues of appropriate use. We propose to address risks to privacy protection and to extend the Web architecture to support transparency and accountability of data aggregation, inference, and use.
Automatic analogue circuit synthesis using genetic algorithms

Most analogue systems are designed manually because automatic circuit synthesis tools are available for only a limited range of design problems. A new approach to circuit synthesis based on genetic algorithms is presented. Using this method it is possible in principle to synthesise circuits to meet any linear or nonlinear, frequency-domain or time-domain, specification. When applied to existing filter design problems this circuit synthesis method produces design solutions that are more efficient than those resulting from formal design methods or created manually by an experienced analogue circuit designer.
Age dependent prognosis in concurrent chemo-radiation of locally advanced NSCLC

Abstract Background. Clinical trials indicate that the benefit of adding concurrent chemotherapy to radiotherapy of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for fit elderly is similar to the benefit for younger patients. However, since elderly patients are under-represented in most trials, the results might be due to selection bias, thus reports from a cohort of consecutively treated patients are warranted. The current single institution study reports on the influence of age on survival of locally advanced NSCLC patients treated with radiotherapy combined with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Material and methods. Altogether, 478 patients completed radical radiotherapy in doses of 60–66 Gy/30–33 fractions from 1995 to June 2012; 137 of the patients had concurrent chemotherapy. The data was analyzed in age groups < 60, 60–69, and ≥ 70 years. Results. In the analyses of overall and lung cancer specific survival the hazard ratio was related to the use of concurrent chemotherapy was 0.49 (95% CI 0.29; 0.82), 0.68 (95% CI 0.48; 0.98) and 1.01 (95% CI 0.67; 1.51) for the age groups < 60, 60–69, and ≥ 70, respectively. Conclusion. Use of concurrent chemotherapy to radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC was associated with a survival benefit in patient younger than 70 years which was not the case for patients older than 70 years, indicating the need to be careful when selecting elderly patients for concurrent chemo-radiation.
Intratumor heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer and its correlation to the response to gefitinib

Somatic mutations introduced into the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are important factors to determine therapeutic responses to gefitinib. The current diagnostic test measures the overall EGFR mutation status of the cancer tissue, and may ignore the presence of non‐mutated, gefitinib‐unresponsive cancer cells. Twenty‐one NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations were recruited for the study. All patients were treated with gefitinib after surgical treatment. Fifty to sixty areas of NSCLC tumors were sampled from each tissue, and their EGFR mutation states were determined by a primer extension assay. This assay discriminates between EGFR mutation‐positive and ‐negative cancer cells within a single tumor tissue. Fifteen tissues consisted only of cells with EGFR mutations, but the remaining six tissues contained both mutated and non‐mutated cells. Time to disease progression and overall survival after gefitinib treatment were significantly shorter in those patients with EGFR heterogeneity (P = 0.009 and P = 0.003, respectively). A considerable proportion of NSCLC contains a heterogeneous population of both EGFR mutated and non‐mutated cancer cells, resulting in a reduced response to gefitinib. The intratumor genetic heterogeneity of a target molecule such as EGFR would be an important factor to consider when treating patients with molecular target agents. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 929–935)
Backbone dynamics of complement control protein (CCP) modules reveals mobility in binding surfaces

The regulators of complement activation (RCA) are critical to health and disease because their role is to ensure that a complement‐mediated immune response to infection is proportionate and targeted. Each protein contains an uninterrupted array of from four to 30 examples of the very widely occurring complement control protein (CCP, or sushi) module. The CCP modules mediate specific protein–protein and protein–carbohydrate interactions that are key to the biological function of the RCA and, paradoxically, provide binding sites for numerous pathogens. Although structural and mutagenesis studies of CCP modules have addressed some aspects of molecular recognition, there have been no studies of the role of molecular dynamics in the interaction of CCP modules with their binding partners. NMR has now been used in the first full characterization of the backbone dynamics of CCP modules. The dynamics of two individual modules—the 16th of the 30 modules of complement receptor type 1 (CD35), and the N‐terminal module of membrane cofactor protein (CD46)—as well as their solution structures, are compared. Although both examples share broadly similar three‐dimensional structures, many structurally equivalent residues exhibit different amplitudes and timescales of local backbone motion. In each case, however, regions of the module‐surface implicated by mutagenesis as sites of interactions with other proteins include several mobile residues. This observation suggests further experiments to explore binding mechanisms and identify new binding sites.