Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Fabry–Pérot Etalon-based Instruments. IV. Analytical Formulation of Telecentric Etalons

Fabry–Pérot etalons illuminated with collimated beams have been analytically characterized in detail since their invention. Meanwhile, most of the features of etalons located in telecentric planes have been studied only numerically, despite the wide use of this configuration in astrophysical instrumentation for decades. In this work we present analytical expressions for the transmitted electric field and its derivatives that are valid for etalons placed in slow telecentric beams, like the ones commonly employed in solar instruments. We use the derivatives to infer the sensitivity of the electric field to variations in the optical thickness for different reflectivities and apertures of the incident beam, and we compare them to the collimated case. This allows us to estimate the wavefront degradation produced by roughness errors on the surfaces of the Fabry–Pérot etalons and to establish the maximum allowed rms value of the cavity irregularities across the footprint of the incident beam on the etalons that ensures diffraction-limited performance. We also evaluate the wavefront degradation intrinsic to these mounts, which is produced only by the finite aperture of the beam and that must be added to the one produced by defects. Finally, we discuss the differences in performance of telecentric and collimated etalon-based instruments and we generalize our formulation to anisotropic etalons.
Dynamical and Thermal Manifestations of the Region above the Top of the Post-flare Loops: MHD Simulations

Observations proved that a distributed structure named a supra-arcade fan (SAF) exists above post-flare loops in solar eruptions. The locations of the SAF are spatially consistent with various emission sources. Termination shocks (TSs) that are often regarded as an efficient driver for particle acceleration possibly exist in the SAF. We performed the numerical simulations of solar flares based on the standard flare model to study the dynamical and thermal manifestations of the SAF, as well as the possibility of detecting TSs in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images. In the simulations, the SAF and TSs can be clearly identified. The motion history and temperature evolution of plasmas inside the SAF indicate that the mass of the SAF comes from the corona and the plasmas are heated in the current sheet. The height of the SAF decreases with the speed of about 64.6 km s−1 when the rate of magnetic reconnection quickly increases, and then increases with a slightly lower velocity of about 50.5 km s−1 after the peak of the rate of magnetic reconnection. The descent−ascent path of the SAF is due to the unbalance of the Lorentz force and the pressure force inside the magnetic loops. In synthetic EUV images, emission intensity variations in the area surrounding TSs are significant, indicating that, depending on the viewing angle, TSs could be identifiable in EUV observations. The results of numerical simulations are generally consistent with observations, helping us to better understand the characteristics of the SAF and the physical natures behind it.
Interpretation of Food Crop Growth Progress Visualization and Prediction of Drone Based Production Estimates Based on Histogram Values in Government Areas-Case Study of Merauke Regency

Farming is one of the pioneers of national development that plays an important role, especially Merauke Regency, which is planned to be the area for national food self-reliance in agribusiness (Indonesian). Government is currently very difficult. Will see the latest developments in the growth of food crops in the region, starting at the village level / kelurahan to the national level. These kindergartens growth in the crop until harvest time, and several obstacles to failure of crops from pests and environmental conditions such as flooding. Production estimates are easy if this information is available. The research aims to be able to show the status of the land in the form of different colors by the histogram method, plant information and the type of pest disease, while the retrieval of data is carried out using the photographic images. The long-term proficiency based on the coordinates through the GPS found on the Dji-Phantom Phantom device can also be used to calculate the area of land as the main parameters and requirements of the seed, the condition of the land and restrictions b. The failure of crop cultivation as a supporting parameter to determine the assessment of plant production by means of liver methods.
Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Longdong Loess and Experimental Study of Modified Duncan -Chang Model

Fiber yarn reinforced loess is prepared through mixing plain loess with a certain proportion of polyester fiber yarn, which is formed by loosening, carding and cutting waste synthetic textile polyester fabric and has rough surface properties and good acid-alkali corrosion resistance. The strength and deformation characteristics of Longdong Loess reinforced by fiber yarn were studied. The test results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of fiber yarn reinforced loess increases with the increase of fiber yarn proportion and fiber yarn length, and decreases with the increase of fiber yarn fineness. Combined with the uniaxial compressive strength data of fiber yarn reinforced loess under the optimal water content and liquid limit water content, an index which can comprehensively reflect the reinforcement performance of fiber yarn reinforced loess is proposed-- Fiber reinforced index. The shear stress-strain relationship of triaxial consolidation drainage of fiber-reinforced loess with different proportion of fiber yarn is strain hardening type. The hypothesis of hyperbolic form is in accordance with Duncan Chang model. By discussing the relationship between the parameters of fiber yarn reinforced loess and plain loess model, the empirical expression of model parameters considering the influence of fiber yarn reinforced loess is obtained. A modified Duncan-Chang E-B model reflecting the influence of different fiber yarn blending ratio was constructed. The rationality of the model is verified by comparing the test curve with the model prediction curve.
Macrozoobenthos community structure in the Urban Lake-Situ Cikaret, West Java

Situ Cikaret is an urban lake that suffers from anthropogenic activities. The macrozoobenthos community has been used to examine the inland water ecosystem. However, there is finite information about macrozoobenthos in Situ Cikaret urban lake. The research aims to study the macrozoobenthos community structure in Cikaret urban lake. Samples were taken in March and April 2019 in five sites using Ekman Grab and identification was in the Research Center for Limnology LIPI. CAP-6 for ANOVA-Similarity (ANOSIM) is used to analyze the similarity within the community, whereas MVSP 3.22 for Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to find the relation between macrozoobenthos and the environment. Water quality including temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), depth, clarity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total suspended solids (TSS) was measured. Ten groups have been found, namely Chironomidae, Coleoptera, Tubificidae, Naididae, Glossiphoniidae, Viviparidae, Thiariidae, Ampullariidae, Planorbidae, Corbiculidae. The predominant family was Tubificidae (9,525 individual/m2). ANOSIM shows no significant difference in similarity (p>0,05) between locations. A linear correlation shows between diversity index and DO, pH, turbidity, and water temperature. CCA shows the abundance of Tubificidae, Chironomidae, Viviparidae, Ampullaridae, Planorbidae, Corbiculidae has a tendency towards the temperature, pH, ORP, turbidity, DO, TDS, depth.
Transfer learning and its application research

Transfer learning relaxes the assumption’s limitation requirements of the independent and identical distribution of training data and test data in machine learning. It aims to help the target domain complete the learning task by learning one or more source domains similar to the target domain, solve the problem of scarcity of annotation data and enhance the model’s robustness and generalization performance. The article is a survey on the progress of transfer learning. According to “how to transfer”, transfer learning is divided into four categories: instance-based transfer learning, feature-based transfer learning, model-based transfer learning, and relation-based transfer learning. The paper introduces the basic assumptions, main research questions, common methods, related research of various transfer learning algorithms, and the application of the transfer learning. Finally, we try to point out future research trends.
ERO2.0 modelling of nanoscale surface morphology evolution

Plasma–material interaction (PMI) in tokamaks determines the life-time of first-wall (FW) components. Due to PMI, FW materials are eroded and transported within the device. Erosion is strongly influenced by the original morphology of the component, due to particle redeposition on near surface structures and to the changing of impact angle distributions, which results in an alteration of the sputtering effects. The Monte-Carlo impurity transport code ERO2.0 is capable of modelling the erosion of non-trivial surface morphologies due to plasma irradiation. The surface morphology module was validated against experimental data with satisfactory agreement. In this work, we further progress in the validation of the ERO2.0 capabilities by modelling both numerically generated surfaces as well as real surfaces, generated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of reference tungsten samples. The former are used to validate ERO2.0 against one of the morphology evolution models present in literature, in order to outline the conditions for reliable code solutions. Modifications induced in AFM-generated surfaces after argon and helium plasma irradiation are compared, showing a similar post-exposure morphology, mostly dominated by surface smoothing. Finally, the ERO2.0 morphology retrieved after He plasma exposure is compared to experimentally-available scanning electron microscopy and AFM measurements of the same surface morphology exposed in the linear plasma device GyM, showing the need for further improvements of the code, while a good agreement between experimental and simulated erosion rate is observed.
Effects of substituting Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as roughage source on digestibility, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation in growing goat

This study aimed to assess the effects of three levels of inclusion (0, 50, and 100%) of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as roughage sources on growing goats. Feed nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose (BG), and ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N) of goats were measured. The results showed that the control and the 50% Leucaena in roughage groups had higher DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestibility than the 100% Leucaena group. The digestibility of CP in goats fed with 50 and 100% of Leucaena in roughage was significantly (P<0.05) higher than goats in the control group. The values of pH, NH3-N, and BG of all treatments were not significantly different. The ruminal NH3-N concentration did was not changed with different proportions of Leucaena leaf, ranged between 24.98-26.52 mg/dL. The BUN and BG concentrations in this trial were within the physiological range of goats. Results of this study concluded that substitution of grass by Leucaena up to 50% enhanced DM, CP and fiber digestibility but total substitution reduced nutrient digestibility (except CP). However, substitution at both levels did not affect blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of growing goat.
A Survey on Newmann’s proof of the prime number theorem

The prime number theorem is one of the most important theorems in number theory, which tells the asymptotic behavior of positive prime numbers. It was first proved independently by Jacques Hadamard and Charles-Jean de la Valĺee Poussin in 1896, by using the Riemann zeta function as a tool. We summarize Newmann’s proof in this survey.
Tomato peel-cutin based film mitigates the deterioration of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa)

The plant cuticle, cutin is the main component in tomato peel. The cutin was obtained through 3% (w/v) NaOH extraction by autoclave. The extract was then mixed with pectin, forming a film suspension before being used as a coating for calamansi. The calamansi samples were grouped (n=20) into: pectin; 1:1 pectin/cutin; 2:3 pectin/cutin; 3:2 pectin/cutin; and uncoated control. The calamansi were stored at 25°C for 10 days and were analysed for physio-chemical changes every two days. Calamansi samples coated with pectin/cutin showed a significant reduction in firmness and Brix as early as day 2 and the percentage of citric acid at day 6. After 10 days of storage, the 2:3 pectin/cutin treatment samples showed minimum changes in weight loss (23.52±3.20%), firmness (27.11±3.10 N), total soluble solids content (7.55±0.21°Brix), titratable acidity (25.60±0.32% citric acid) and colour. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 2:3 pectin/cutin film coating was the best treatment for harvested calamansi in attenuating the deterioration process.
Assessing The Quality of Lapors! Using E-Govqual Theory in User’s Perspective

LAPOR! Is an e-govemment project that is used to manage the aspirations and complaints of the Indonesian people with online system. This information system is expected to minimize the gap between citizens and the government in carrying out various aspects of government. According to the results of a survey conducted by the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) in 2017 LAPOR! ’s users still around 0.2% of the total population of Indonesia, 143.26 million. Applications that were booming in 2013-2014 are now neglected in 2019. In addition to the policy changes that underpin the implementation of the information system, LAPOR! declared not as effective and efficient as before. Complaints about public services in LAPOR! now many are neglected and the follow-up is not as intensive as it once was under the supervision of UKP4. The application of a service-based information system requires continuous measurement of an information system evaluation. The measurement results are needed to overhaul the better implementation steps. This study uses an e-govqual approach with quantitative methods that are supported by qualitative data. Quantitative methods were carried out using SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3. Qualitative data used were interviews with several key informants. The results of this study found that the biggest key to success in implementing LAPOR! is the content and appearance of Information factor.
A diffusion and osmosis system with bounded nonlinearity

A diffusion and osmosis system of ordinary differential equation is considered. The system may represent migration of finite particle among finite places. Such system in the linear form yields a solution in the form of matrix exponential. In this paper, a bounded nonlinear forcing to the system is considered. Although it is bounded, the nonlinear affected so much to the solution. Numerical simulation of some two-dimensional examples are presented. Understanding the diffusion and osmosis system will be important for studying migration people among towns, cities or countries.
A Multi-resolution Community Partition Method based on Node Degree

Community detection is one of the significant methods to study the properties of complex networks. Community resolution, as an important index of detection algorithm, is often used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, but many classical algorithms have shortcomings in this respect. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-resolution community partition method based on node degree. By introducing similarity coefficient and propagation coefficient of degree, the resolution of network is effectively controlled. Experiments on a scale-free network with 100 nodes show that the proposed algorithm is stable and efficient, with low time complexity. The number of communities can vary from 3 to 27 with different combinations of two coefficients, which can well discover the rules and characteristics of the network.
Detection of cryII gene from Bacillus thuringiensis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Bacillus thuringiensis is one species of bacteria that has been applied as a microbiological control agent for pests and a vector of plant disease. The availability of Cry proteins in B. thuringiensis can be acted as a specific insect exterminator that only toxic to certain insects. The cryII gene is an example of a type of cry gene that encodes a CryII Protein. The CryII protein is toxic to Lepidoptera insects which can attack Helicoverpa armigera species which is a corn borer. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a general method that can be used to amplify the gene. This research purposed to design a good primer candidate for cryII gene amplification from B. thuringiensis. In silico analysis for designing cryII primer was carried out using some software, such as BLAST for searching cryII gene sequence, Bioedit for sequences alignment, and DINAmelt for analyzing dimer structure of primers. Ten primer candidates were successfully obtained based on the result of the primer 3 software. A pair of primer was selected to amplify the cryII gene, with forward primer 5’-GGTAGTGGACCACAGCAGAC-3’and reverse primer 5’-TCTTCTGGCGCCAAATGGAT-3’. This primer has fulfilled good primer characteristics because it does not cause dimer structure and the resulting amplicons do not form secondary structures. Amplification of the cryI gene by PCR method using selected primer resulting in a PCR product with a length of approximately 800 bp.
Selectivity of Pore-Scale Elastic Microspheres as a Novel Profile Control and Oil Displacement Agent

Pore-scale elastic microspheres were prepared controllably and their swelling property, stability, and creep-recovery property in brine water were analyzed in laboratory. The goal of the research was to study the selectivity of the pore-scale elastic microspheres as a novel profile control (water injection profile modification) and oil displacement agent. The matching factor between particle size of elastic microspheres and pore throat diameter of sand pack model was introduced to characterize their matching relationship. The results indicate that the optimal matching factor is 1.35–1.55. Besides, the profile control and oil displacement effect were studied using a series of heterogeneous double-tube sand pack models with optimal matching factors. The shunt flow experiments show that when the matching factor is an optimal value, the elastic microspheres prefer to plug the high-permeability layer selectivity and almost do not clog the low-permeability layer. The oil displacement experiments show that the e.
Identifying Overtourism Impacts on the Informal Sector’s Livelihoods in Urban Heritage Area

Ever since UNESCO discussed the impact of revitalization on the urban environment and its heritage value, a new niche of urban heritage tourism has emerged. This niche of tourism was once a successful phenomenon before it reached a point where overtourism eventually produces volatility issues. The literature review has shown that research on the effect of overtourism on informal economies is inadequate. Many academics seem mostly interested in focusing on the economic aspects and the inhabitants, without addressing whether they are engaging in formal or informal sectors. Therefore, studies of overtourism on the informal sector in urban heritage areas are essential to bridge the knowledge gap. This article will identify the impact of overtourism on informal sectors’ livelihoods in the urban heritage area using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, with minor adjustments within the urban heritage context, as the primary tool to carefully understand the phenomenon and suggest a more suitable framework for this specific study. A qualitative data analysis software is used to conduct the necessary processes in this article. Informal markets and disadvantaged communities are seen to find ways to develop and merge the resources they already have innovatively to ensure their well-being. A modified framework to discuss the context of urban heritage is being developed by evaluating the informal sectors of urban heritage from the viewpoint of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach during the overtourism phenomenon. The proposed framework may potentially be used to address other issues relating to urban livelihoods in different contexts.
Multi label image retrieval based on depth hash

In recent years, hash is a popular method of image retrieval. Convolutional neural network is used to generate image features and hash codes, so as to achieve fast and effective image retrieval. In order to solve the problem of poor image retrieval effect caused by complex background of Multi-target Image, this paper proposes a hash generation method based on the combination of target region recommendation network and convolutional neural network. The RPN network is selected as the target region recommendation algorithm. After the image passes through the RPN network, multiple target regions and the four-dimensional coordinates of each region will be generated. According to the four-dimensional coordinates, the main target region will be filtered and extracted. Then, the feature of the largest target area is extracted by the convolutional neural network (GoogleNet), and the corresponding hash code is generated, which is finally retrieved in the database. Experiments are carried out on voc2012 data set and self collected data set to verify the algorithm. When the number of test images is 1000, the experimental results show that the total correct rate of the retrieval results of this method is 95.5%, which is about 5 percentage points higher than the existing methods.
Recent Development of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Cellulose Membranes Electrolyte Separator for Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium ion batteries (LIB) are an important energy storage system. As one component in a LIB, the separator has an important role in the safety of LIB. Separators have porous structures that make it possible to transfer lithium ions between anode and cathode. This paper discusses the method for making separators with the main material as PVdF and cellulose. Such as casting, phase inversion, paper making, and electrospinning. So, we found two potential methods that can be developed in preparing lithium-ion battery separators, casting and electrospinning. Casting has benefits like a simple preparation step and does not require much equipment, but the weaknesses are expensive processes. The electrospinning step has advantages such as an inexpensive process, but has the disadvantage of needing much equipment.
A Study on the Integration of Computer Network Information Security Prevention and Web Data Mining Technology

The rapid development of the information age is accompanied by the insecurity of information, and the convenience of data brings the problem of information security to us. In general, network security refers to information security and control security. ISO defines information security as “integrity, availability, confidentiality and reliability of information ”; control security refers to identity authentication, nonrepudiation, authorization and access control. In view of the current situation of computer network information security, we must take effective measures to prevent trouble [1]. From the source of thought, we should attach importance to the self-protection of information security. Computer network users should have a keen sense of protection, strengthen the study of network information security knowledge, and fully understand the importance and significance of computer network security. Among them Web mining technology is no lack of a good choice.