Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reserve carbohydrates and lipids from the seeds of four tropical tree species with different sensitivity to desiccation

Considering the importance of water content for the conservation and storage of seeds, and the involvement of soluble carbohydrates and lipids for embryo development, a comparative study was carried out among the seeds of Inga vera (inga), Eugenia uniflora (pitanga), both classified as recalcitrant, and Caesalpinia echinata (brazilwood) and Erythrina speciosa (mulungu), considered as orthodox seeds. Low concentrations of cyclitols (0.3-0.5%), raffinose family oligosaccharides (ca. 0.05%) and unsaturated fatty acids (0-19%) were found in the seeds of inga and pitanga, while larger amounts of cyclitols (2-3%) and raffinose (4.6-13%) were found in brazilwood and mulungu, respectively. These results, in addition to higher proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (53-71%) in orthodox seeds, suggested that sugars and lipids played important role in water movement, protecting the embryo cell membranes against injuries during dehydration.
An introduction to the max-plus projection autoassociative morphological memory and some of its variations

In this paper, we present a novel lattice-based memory model called max-plus projection autoassociative morphological memory (max-plus PAMM). The max-plus PAMM yields the largest max-plus combination of the stored patterns which is less than or equal to the input. Such as the original autoassociative morphological memories (AMMs), it is idempotent and it gives perfect recall of undistorted patterns. Furthermore, the max-plus PAMM is very robust to dilative noise and it has less spurious memories than its corresponding AMM. This paper also presents two variations of the max-plus PAMM. The first yields the max-plus combination that is the Chebyshev-best approximation of the input while the second uses a noise masking strategy.
Carbon monoxide total columns from SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm atmospheric reflectance measurements: towards a full-mission data product (2003–2012)

Abstract. We present a full-mission data product of carbon monoxide (CO) vertical column densities using the 2310–2338 nm SCIAMACHY reflectance measurements over clear-sky land scenes for the period January 2003–April 2012. The retrieval employs the SICOR algorithm, which will be used for operational data processing of the Sentinel-5 Precursor mission. The retrieval approach infers simultaneously carbon monoxide, methane and water vapour column densities together with a Lambertian surface albedo from individual SCIAMACHY measurements employing a non-scattering radiative transfer model. To account for the radiometric instrument degradation including the formation of an ice-layer on the 2.3 µm detector array, we consider clear-sky measurements over the Sahara as a natural calibration target. For these specific measurements, we spectrally calibrate the SCIAMACHY measurements and determine a spectral radiometric offset and the width of the instrument spectral response function as a function of time for the entire operational phase of the mission. We show that the smoothing error of individual clear-sky CO retrievals is less than ±1 ppb and thus this error contribution does not need to be accounted for in the validation considering the much higher retrieval noise. The CO data product is validated against measurements of ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometers at 27 stations of the NDACC-IRWG and TCCON network and MOZAIC/IAGOS aircraft measurements at 26 airports worldwide. Overall, we find a good agreement with TCCON measurements with a mean bias b = −1.2 ppb and a station-to-station bias with σ = 7.2 ppb. The negative sign of the bias means a low bias of SCIAMACHY CO with respect to TCCON. For the NDACC-IRWG network, we obtain a larger mean station bias of b = −9.2 ppb with σ = 8.1 ppb and for the MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements we find b = −6.4 ppb with σ = 5.6 ppb. The SCIAMACHY data set is subject to a small but significant bias trend of 1.47 ± 0.25 ppb yr−1. After trend correction, the bias with respect to MOZAIC/IAGOS observation is 2.5 ppb, with respect to TCCON measurements it is −4.6 ppb and with respect to NDACC-IRWG measurements −8.4 ppb. Hence, a discrepancy of 3.8 ppb remains between the global biases with NDACC-IRWG and TCCON, which is confirmed by directly comparing NDACC-IRWG and TCCON measurements. Generally, the scatter of the individual SCIAMACHY CO retrievals is high and dominated by large measurement noise. Hence, for practical usage of the data set, averaging of individual retrievals is required. As an example, we show that monthly mean SCIAMACHY CO retrievals, averaged separately over Northern and Southern Africa, reflect the spatial and temporal variability of biomass burning events in agreement with the global chemical transport model TM5.
Self-healing narrowband filters via 3D heterogeneous integration of AlN MEMS and CMOS chips

We demonstrated the statistical element selection (SES) technique with an array of 1.15 GHz AlN MEMS subfilters fabricated in an 8” Si fabrication facility by A∗STAR, Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Singapore. The chip integration is achieved through a split-fab process where the hermetically thin-film-encapsulated (TFE) MEMS resonators are solder-bump bonded to a CMOS chip fabricated in a Samsung 28 nm process. The SES offers 495 unique filter frequency responses with a tuning range of 150 kHz for the center frequency (f0) and 250 kHz for the bandwidth (BW). An insertion loss (IL) < 3.4 dB and an out-of-band rejection (OBR) > 15 dB were also achieved for the same self-healing filter. Compared to RF signal routing on CMOS, the use of redistribution layers (RDL) on the MEMS chip reduced the routing parasitic capacitance by ∼20x and the resistance by ∼5x, which, in turn, led to a direct 50 Ω matching.
Robust Cooperative Spectrum Sensing against Probabilistic SSDF Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperative spectrum sensing is one of the key technologies to accurately detect the primary user (PU) activity in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, collaboration among multiusers provides malicious users (MUs) with an opportunity to launch spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack. Various approaches have been proposed regarding how to mitigate the negative effect of SSDF attack, while extensive references have strong assumptions such as MUs are in minority and need more decision samples. In this paper, we develop a general SSDF attack model. We further propose a robust data fusion scheme, named robust weighted sequential probability ratio test (RWSPRT), which can deal with various attack probabilities. In the proposed RWSPRT, according to the correct decision ability, the reputation value (RV) of each SU is integrated into weight coefficient of weighted sequential probability ratio test (WSPRT) to improve the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing. Simulation results show that RWSPRT performs more robust than traditional data fusion techniques whereas requires less number of samples, even when a large number of MUs exists in CRNs.
Experimental study of ultrasonic wedge bonding with copper wire

Copper wire bonding is an alternative interconnection technology promising cost savings compared to gold wire bonding and better electrical performance compared to aluminum wire. In this paper, ultrasonic wedge bonding with 25/spl mu/m copper wire on Au/Ni/Cu metallization of a PCB substrate was performed at ambient temperature. A central composite design of experiment (DOE) approach was applied to optimize the copper wire wedge bonding process parameters. Pull testing of the wedge bond was performed to study the bond strength and to find the optimum bonding parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the wedge bond cross sections. The results show that it is possible to produce strong copper wire wedge bonds. The DOE results gave the optimized parameters for both the first bond and the second bond. Cross section analysis shows a continuous interconnection between the copper wire and Au/Ni/Cu metallization. The thickness of the Au layer decreased with the bonding power increasing.
Mining Natural Products for Cardiovascular Benefits Acute beetroot juice supplementation on sympathetic nerve activity : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study

Notay K, Incognito AV, Millar PJ. Acute beetroot juice supplementation on sympathetic nerve activity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 313: H59–H65, 2017. First published May 5, 2017; doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00163. 2017. —Acute dietary nitrate (NO3 ) supplementation reduces resting blood pressure in healthy normotensives. This response has been attributed to increased nitric oxide bioavailability and peripheral vasodilation, although nitric oxide also tonically inhibits central sympathetic outflow. We hypothesized that acute dietary NO3 supplementation using beetroot (BR) juice would reduce blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest and during exercise. Fourteen participants (7 men and 7 women, age: 25 10 yr) underwent blood pressure and MSNA measurements before and after (165–180 min) ingestion of 70ml high-NO3 (~6.4 mmol NO3 ) BR or NO3 -depleted BR placebo (PL; ~0.0055 mmol NO3 ) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Blood pressure and MSNA were also collected during 2 min of static handgrip (30% maximal voluntary contraction). The changes in resting MSNA burst frequency ( 3 5 vs. 3 4 bursts/min, P 0.001) and burst incidence ( 4 7 vs. 4 5 bursts/100 heart beats, P 0.002) were lower after BR versus PL, whereas systolic blood pressure ( 1 5 vs. 2 5 mmHg, P 0.30) and diastolic blood pressure (4 5 vs. 5 7 mmHg, P 0.68) as well as spontaneous arterial sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (P 0.95) were not different. During static handgrip, the change in MSNA burst incidence (1 8 vs. 8 9 bursts/100 heart beats, P 0.04) was lower after BR versus PL, whereas MSNA burst frequency (6 6 vs. 11 10 bursts/min, P 0.11) as well as systolic blood pressure (11 7 vs. 12 8 mmHg, P 0.94) and diastolic blood pressure (11 4 vs. 11 4 mmHg, P 0.60) were not different. Collectively, these data provide proof of principle that acute BR supplementation can decrease central sympathetic outflow at rest and during exercise. Dietary NO3 supplementation may represent a novel intervention to target exaggerated sympathetic outflow in clinical populations.
Diversity effects on production in different light and fertility environments: an experiment with communities of annual plants

1 Small‐scale plant species richness may enhance local production if the local environment promotes resource partitioning (a form of complementarity) or causes some species to perform better next to interspecific neighbours (facilitation) than when grown in monoculture. Little is known, however, about how species richness and environmental factors such as soil fertility and light levels interact to affect ecosystem production.
A simple text detection in document images using classification-based techniques

Text regions can be useful to computer vision applications. It can be used to label and train automatic layout learning systems or to detect and locate the title, keywords, subheadings, paragraphs and image regions in images. This work proposes a technique to separate text regions from image documents. Images are divided into small non-overlapping windows. Textural features are extracted from these image windows before a classification is performed. Two refinement processes are carried out to reject misclassified windows, i.e window merging and Markov Random Files (MRFs). Window merging determine the similarity of a window and its neighbouring windows (based-on a distance-based technique). MRF examines the relationships between each window and it's neighbouring one using an energy minimization technique. The experimental results demonstrate that the refinement method is superior to the original classification without a refinement.
Self-assessed health status and morbidity experiences of teenagers in Nairobi's low income settings

This study uses data from a slum survey in Nairobi, Kenya, to examine the factors associated with self-assessed health status among 1,654 teenage boys and girls. Analysis involved logistic regression and multilevel models. The results show: 1) a significant but non-linear association between prior morbidity experiences and self-assessed health; 2) gender differences in self-assessed health status with female teenagers being more inclusive in their assessment of health status than male teenagers; 3) that the absence of the father was significantly associated with lower likelihood of reporting good health for male teenagers; for female teenagers, it was the absence of the mother; and, 4) that female teenagers who had experienced physical abuse were less likely to report good health compared to those who did not. These findings suggest a need for adolescent health interventions to not only target all aspects of health but also take the gender dimensions into account.
The Impact of e-Learning on Workplace Onthe-job Training

E-Learning systems are increasingly used by organizations as an approach for enhancing workers’ skill and due to cost-down effect in replacing traditional training. However, the satisfaction and impact especially on shift-duty staff have poorly described. From organization management, e-learning systems provide most beneficial tool. The evaluation of e-learning system on academic field has been most discussed, but not much on workplace e-learning, retrospect of e-learning knowledge management and comparison of shift-duty staff. How the industry can broaden e-learning and how it can generate a positive attitude are the topics that sparked the researcher’s motivation to do the present research. In the study, the modified IS model was adapted to assess shift-duty staff ’s impact and reflection of effectiveness. The data with 137 subjects were analyzed with PLS-SEM. The results show that e-learning systems are useful, but not satisfactory with e-learning system use.
Double effective band-pass submm-filters based on anisotropic resonant meshes

We present the results of development of original band-pass filters for 4-channel radiometric diagnostics of hot plasma in the frequency range 260-400GHz. The filters constitute multilayer interference structures consisting of specially designed thin anisotropic 2D resonant metal meshes separated by polypropylene layers 150-170 microns thick. Due to anisotropy of meshes the transmission band position of the filters strongly depends on polarizations of the incident radiation. It enables to use only two filters for realizing a 4-channel spectral system that reduces costs of its production. Numerical simulations of frequency response of developed filters are compared with the results of their characterization at a submillimeter BWO-spectrometer. The technological aspects of filter fabrication are described.
AN IDEALIZED METEOROLOGICAL-HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL FOR EXPLORING EXTREME STORM SURGE STATISTICS IN THE NORTH SEA

This paper explores an alternative method to determine extreme surge levels at the Dutch Coast. For this exploration, specific focus is on the extreme water level at Hoek van Holland, The Netherlands. The alternative method has been based on a joint probability model of the storm characteristics at the North Sea. The intent of this method is to provide a better physical and statistical insight into the effects of meteorological characteristics on surge levels and surge duration, especially for surges of more extreme storms currently not captured in existing water level measurement records. The meteorological part is an analytical parametrical model based on the Holland model for hurricanes, which results in time- and space-varying wind and pressure fields of North Sea storms. The wind and pressure forcing is then applied in the hydrodynamic model which numerically solves the nonlinear depth-averaged shallow water equations in a one-dimensional domain from the edge of the continental shelf between Scotland and Norway to Hoek van Holland. Validation against wind observations from historical storms at one location in the entire domain shows good results. Results of the calibrated surge level model are reasonable if peak surge levels are considered. The surge duration, however, is underestimated by the model. Next, the model has been applied to define extreme surge levels using Monte Carlo Analysis. Probability density distributions for the storm parameters based on historical data have been used as input. The computed surge level (including tide) with a statistical return period of 10,000 years appears to be close to the value from statistical extrapolation of surge levels. The output also indicates that the average duration of computed surges with a return period of 10,000 year is roughly two hours longer than the storm duration currently adopted.
The factors affecting milk production and milk production cost: Çanakkale case - Biga.

Summary In this study, the relationship between milk production and the factors used in milk production have been analyzed and the cost of milk production has been calculated. The data used for this study has been acquired from 94 dairy cattle breeder enterprises by the face to face survey method. It has been determined that the forage and concentrated feed costs compose 57% of the total production costs and 71% of the variable costs. It has been also determined that the dairy cattle breeding production division of the costs belong to 20.99% of productive stock value (PSA), 76.31% of milk production and 2.7% of manure production and 1 kg milk cost has been calculated as 0.29$. Additionally, according to the path analysis, it has been found out that the 61.49% variation resulting from the milk production can be explained with the changes resulting in the use of forage and concentrated feed. Through the path analysis, the direct and indirect effects of the feed materials used on the milk production have been analyzed. As a result, it has been found that silage maize (20%) and barley(14%) have the biggest effect on the milk yield. Anahtar sozcukler: Dairy cattle breeding, Cost analysis, Path analysis, Maize silage
Workload-aware network processors : improving performance while minimizing power consumption

PhD Thesis Title: Workload Aware Network Processors: Improving Performance while Minimizing Power Consumption Supervisor: Prof. Lizy Kurian John Dissertation Committee: Prof. Earl Swartzlander (UT, Austin), Prof. Gustavo de Veciana (UT, Austin), , Dr. James Holt (MIT, Freescale), Prof. Andreas Gerstlauer (UT, Austin), Dr. Byeong Kil Lee (Samsung) Description: Network Processors are multicore processors capable of processing network packets at wire speeds of multi-Gbps. The dissertation presents microarchitecture and system level techniques to improve the performance and minimize power consumption in these multicore processors. Microarchitecture techniques include packet scheduler and resource manager which leaverages multiple dimensions of locality and properties of network traffic to improve throughput. Design of a system level power manager is also presented which uses traffic behavior to minimize power consumption.
Dual-Band Superconducting Bandpass Filter Using Quadruple-Mode Resonator

A dual-band high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter (BPF) using a quadruple-mode resonator is realized in this paper. The resonator consists of a half-wavelength uniform impedance resonator, an open stub in a symmetrical plane, and two spiral open stubs at the two sides of the symmetrical plane. Distinct characteristics of the quadruple-mode resonator are investigated by using even/odd mode theory, and the design graphs are given to analyze the dual-band filter. A dual-band HTS BPF with central frequencies of 1.8 GHz for GSM applications and 2.4 GHz for wireless local area network applications is designed using the proposed quadruple-mode resonator, which is fabricated by depositing YBCO films on a 0.5-mm-thick MgO substrate. Its size occupies only 13 mm × 17 mm. Measured results demonstrate that an insertion loss within the passbands is less than 0.25 dB. In addition, a transmission zero is achieved in-between two passbands, and two transmission zeros are realized in the upper stopband of the higher passband, which improve the skirt selectivity and stopband characteristics of the filter.
Band Selection for Spectral Signature based Target Detection in Hyperspectral Data

This manuscript deals with band selection for spectral signature based target detection in hyperspectral data. In hyperspectral imaging, sensors acquire the observed spectrum over hundreds of narrow and contiguous spectral bands. Such measurements are strongly correlated in the spectral domain; thus, increasing the number of bands, new information is not necessarily added. The procedure, presented here, allows the user to select a subset of bands that maximizes the theoretical performance of a statistical target detector, i.e. the probability of detecting a target (PD) in a certain scenario, for a fixed set of parameters of the detector itself. Opposite to other band selection algorithms, this work takes into account the only relevant index to detection. The statistical detector, considered here, is the well- known Kelly's generalize likelihood ratio test. The proposed method is applied to a case study, where target and background classes are obtained from an AVIRIS image, and the impact on detection performance is evaluated.
Maximum torque per ampere control strategy of induction motor with iron losses

The paper deals with minimization of supply power and energy for induction motor (IM) based on maximal torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy. The article describes two MTPA algorithms. Firstly such algorithm is proposed for IM model of which doesn't take iron losses into consideration. Subsequently the second algorithm is based on the model of IM, which respects iron losses. Both algorithms are realized under indirect vector control of IM. The proposed control algorithms are simulated in Matlab-Simulink environment.
Discussion on getting the person number by video behavior analysis in building control process

As the load gained from the person is an important part in building automatic control system, the video behavior analysis technology can realize to grasp the actual person counting. According to the video images, the actual change of staffs in air-conditioning area can be obtained by the target detection method; then adjust air-conditioning load to match to the actual load in time and ensure the system's energy-saving operation and building automatic control.
Real time hand movement controlled robotic arm for risk prevention

In this paper, we propose an “Artificial Human Hand Model” which can precisely follow the real movements of human hand by means of image processing thereby avoiding sensor noise and damage and providing more adjustable response. Webcams are used to capture the hand images followed by Morphological image processing to extract information from human hand movement. The five degrees of freedom implemented in the proposed method are rotation of base, arm like motions, elbow like motions, grip motions, and rotation of grip. The robot hand is controlled successfully using human hand movement, where the system can pick up, manipulate and move objects from one place to other with precision. The user can control the hand entirely based on his/her intentions to accomplish the required task. Our proposed real-time method of implementing human hand movement also ensures instantaneous control and performance. Distant control of the robotic hand not only ensures complete safety to human, but also allows flexibility in controlling distant objects. Overall, our proposed system can guarantee safety, flexibility and accuracy in performing sensitive tasks in day-to-day life thus offering suitability for risk prevention.