Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive microsatellite baseline for genetic stock identification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in northernmost Europe

Mikhail Ozerov, Juha-Pekka V€ah€a*, Vidar Wennevik, Eero Niemel€a, Martin-A. Svenning, Sergey Prusov, Rogelio Diaz Fernandez, Laila Unneland, Anti Vasem€agi, Morten Falkegård, Tiia Kalske, and Bente Christiansen Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, P.O. Box 51, Lohja FI-08101, Finland Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen N-5817, Norway River Teno Fisheries Research Station, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Utsjoki FI-99980, Finland Arctic Ecology Department, Fram Centre, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 6600 Langnes, Tromsø N-9296, Norway The Knipovitch Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO), Murmansk 183038, Russia Department of Aquaculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51014, Estonia County Governor of Finnmark (FMFI), Vadsø N-9815, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: þ358 19 5682 940; fax: þ358 19 325 697; e-mail: juha-pekka.vaha@luvy.fi These authors contributed equally to this work. Present address: Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Juha-Pekka V€ah€a, Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, POB 51, FI-08101 Lohja, Finland
Coproduction in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorder and Its Relationship to Clinics’ Service Output Patterns

Health, social, and human service providers seek diverse ways to engage service users in the service production process. This approach to engagement with users is known as “coproduction. ” In addition to conventional user-provider coproduction (i.e., patient-centered care), providers attending to stigmatized and marginalized groups may hire staff who share life experiences with user groups. These providers are known as “user representatives,” and their service provision is known as “peer coproduction. ” Using nationally representative data from substance use disorder treatment clinics in the United States, I investigate how clinics’ use of patient-centered care and peer coproduction mechanisms is associated with organizational service availability and utilization patterns. Results demonstrate the potential and limitations of the two coproduction mechanisms in substance use disorder treatment. This study is a critical examination of working conditions and the impact of user-engagement mechanisms and calls for a more empowered work environment in human service organizations.
Negative Regulation of Haa1 by Casein Kinase I protein Hrr25 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Lost in the Crowd: The Effect of Volatile Fields on Presidential Primaries

All candidates attempt to convey agendas through the media, but presidential primary contenders face distinctive conditions. Do these conditions affect candidates’ ability to transmit their agendas through the media? Drawing on theories of journalism norms, I argue that media responsiveness to a candidate’s agenda will, on average, decrease as the primary campaign goes on and candidates’ messages become less timely. Expansions in the size of the field should create more complicated electoral races, leading to declining contextual simplicity and less overlap between candidate and media agendas. I test these hypotheses using a novel dataset of primary candidates’ speeches and news articles about those candidates. I show that the entrance of new candidates is correlated with a decline in convergence. Contrary to expectations, there is no decline in convergence over time. The results have implications for how nomination contests should be structured in the era of media-oriented campaigns.
To the question of the cyber-physical systems’ implementation in construction for the smart city’s transition to a new development level

The article presents some aspects of the cyber-physical systems introducing methodology in construction, which includes three successive stages, to implement the transition of the “smart city” to a fundamentally new level of development, taking into account the main provisions of the new Urban Health socio-technological paradigm, and also an algorithm for assessing the possibility the CPS introduction using the information technology in order to reduce costs to achieve qualitatively new positive results while ensuring a comfortable living environment of the human society.
An In-Situ Technique for Measuring the Individual Contact Resistance between the Pins of an IC Package and the Board of a Flexible Hybrid Electronic System

An in-situ technique is presented for measuring the individual contact resistance between the pins of an IC package and a flexible substrate used in hybrid electronic systems. As the substrate flexes, the forces that adhere the IC to the substrate change and cause increase to the series contact resistance; sometimes catastrophically. Tracking this resistance is seen to be fundamental to the success of electronic systems mounted on a flexible substrate subjected to various levels of bending throughout its life cycle. The measurement technique exploits the electrostatic discharge protection circuitry in an IC chip to create a circuit loop involving the contact resistance and the series incremental resistance of the ESD circuit via two IC pins, one being the GND or VDD pin. While the series contact resistance between the pins of the IC package and the board can be measured with a four-point Kelvin measurement, it is extremely difficult to perform with small surface-mount IC package devices. The experimental results pertaining to Kapton polyimide substrate subjected to a controlled bending process will be described. The method proposed here will determine the contact resistance with a relative accuracy error of less than 1%.
Extraction and Characterization of Munja Fibers and Its Potential in the Biocomposites

ABSTRACT Increased ecological awareness, as well as stringent laws and legislation by government agencies, have restricted the use of synthetic fibers as reinforcement. This cognizance shifted the interest of engineers and research fraternity toward the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymers to develop sustainable composites. The current experimental investigation deals with the extraction and characterization of ‘munja’ fibers, extracted from Saccharum munja grass. A novel method has been developed for extraction of fibers from the grass followed by extensive evaluation of its physical (structure, density, crystallinity), morphological (surface area, voids), chemical (surface chemistry, hydrophobicity), thermal (thermogravimetry, activation energy), and mechanical properties for its reinforcement potential in polymer matrix composites. Mechanical properties of extracted fibers have also been analyzed in terms of tensile strength and modulus using Weibull’s statistical approach. All the aspects have been discussed thoroughly for their contribution in defining the global characteristics of biocomposites. The obtained results substantiate that munja fibers have an enormous potential to be used as a reinforcement in biocomposites, which can be commercially exploited for engineering applications.
Common Errors in Algebraic Expressions: A Quantitative-Qualitative Analysis

Majority of the students regarded algebra as one of the difficult areas in mathematics. They even find difficulties in algebraic expressions. Thus, this investigation was conducted to identify common errors in algebraic expressions of the preservice teachers. A descriptive method of research was used to address the problems. The data were gathered using the developed test administered to the 79 preservice teachers. Statistical tools such as frequency, percent, and mean percentage error were utilized to address the present problems. Results show that performance in algebraic expressions of the preservice teachers is average. However, performance in classifying polynomials and translating mathematical phrases into symbols was very low and low, respectively. Furthermore, the study indicates that preservice teachers were unable to classify polynomials in parenthesis. Likewise, they are confused of the signs in adding and subtracting polynomials. Results disclosed that preservice teachers have difficulties in classifying polynomials according to the degree and polynomials in parenthesis. They also have difficulties in translating mathematical phrases into symbols. Thus, mathematics teachers should strengthen instruction on these topics. Mathematics teachers handling the subject are also encouraged to develop learning exercises that will develop the mastery level of the students.
Statistica Sinica Preprint No: SS-2019-0242

: Due to the rapid development of social networking sites, the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model has played an important role in social network studies. However, the underlying structure of SAR implicitly assumes that all nodes (or actors or users) within the network have the same influential power measured by the common autocorrelation parameter. Hence, the classical SAR is unable to identify influential nodes. This paper proposes the adaptive SAR model by introducing the network influence index, which includes the classical SAR model as a special case. Using this proposed model without imposing any specific error distribution, we apply Lee’s (2004) quasi-maximum likelihood approach to estimate the unknown parameters of the index, which can then be used to characterize the influential power of each node. The asymptotic properties of parameter estimates are established and three test statistics for assessing the homogeneity of the network influence indices are presented. The usefulness of the adaptive SAR model and its associated network index are illustrated via simulation studies and an empirical investigation of the spillover effects in Chinese mutual fund cash
New biospeckle-based analysis method for surface roughness measurement: ex-vivo experimental study on bovine articular cartilage

The measurement of surface roughness of biological tissue at microscale and nanoscale is significant to investigate the surface topography, which has been done through contact or non-contact profilometer. Although the contact profilometers provide quantitative analysis, they can easily scratch the biological tissue. While the noncontact profilometer like optical techniques can provide qualitative nondestructive measurements of the surface topography. Biospeckle imaging is a fast and powerful optical method that can only quantitatively evaluate the structure of the illuminated surface if valuable features are extracted from the biospeckle pattern. This study introduces a new fast biospeckle-based quantitative analysis method to measure the nanoscale average surface roughness of bovine articular cartilage tissue. The proposed method comprises feature extraction through local texture analysis by applying morphological operations by dilation and erosion, at different neighborhoods. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated on twelve articular cartilage tissue samples having different average surface roughness values.
NMDA receptor blockade causes selective prefrontal disinhibition in a roving auditory oddball paradigm

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are expressed widely throughout the human cortex. Yet disturbances in NMDAR transmission – as implicated in patients with schizophrenia or pharmacologically induced – can cause a regionally specific set of electrophysiological effects. Here, we present a double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of the NMDAR blocker ketamine in human volunteers. We employ a marker of auditory learning and putative synaptic plasticity – the mismatch negativity – in a roving auditory oddball paradigm. Using recent advances in Bayesian modelling of group effects in dynamic causal modelling, we fit biophysically plausible network models of the auditory processing hierarchy to whole-scalp evoked response potential recordings. This allowed us to identify the regionally specific effects of ketamine in a distributed network of interacting cortical sources. Under placebo, our analysis replicated previous findings regarding the effects of stimulus repetition and deviance on connectivity within the auditory hierarchy. Crucially, we show that the effect of ketamine is best explained as a selective change in intrinsic inhibition, with a pronounced ketamine-induced reduction of inhibitory interneuron connectivity in frontal sources. These results are consistent with findings from invasive recordings in animal models exposed to NMDAR blockers, and provide evidence that inhibitory-interneuron specific NMDAR dysfunction may be sufficient to explain electrophysiological abnormalities of sensory learning induced by ketamine in human subjects. Significance Statement Dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been implicated in a range of psychopathologies, yet mechanisms translating receptor-level abnormalities to whole-brain pathology remain unclear. We use computational modelling to infer microcircuit mechanisms by which ketamine, an NMDAR-blocker, alters brain responses to changing sequences of sounds that rely on sensory learning. This dynamic causal modelling (DCM) approach shows that ketamine-effects can be explained with brain region specific changes in inhibitory interneuron coupling alone, with a striking reduction in inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. This suggests that NMDAR-effects on excitation-inhibition balance differ between brain regions, and provides evidence from healthy human subjects that NMDAR blockade may cause prefrontal cortex disinhibition, one of the mechanisms hypothesised to underlie psychopathology in schizophrenia.
Method to implement K-NN machine learning to classify data privacy in IoT environment

Internet of Things technology allows many devices to connect with each other. The interaction could be between humans and devices or between devices itself. In fact, the data are traveling between the devices through the media within the boundary, and it could be traveling outside the boundary when it required to be analyzed or stored in the cloud through the internet. Due the transmission media and internet, the data are vulnerable to attacks. Thus, the data need to be encrypted strongly for the purpose of protection. Usually, most of the encryption techniques will consume computer resources. In this work, we divide the data that are used in the IoT environment into three levels of sensitivity which are low, medium and high sensitive data to leverage the computer resources such as time of encryption and decryption, battery usage and so on. A framework is proposed in this work to encrypt the data depends on the level of sensitivity using the machine learning K nearest neighbors (K-NN).
Movement-based methods to infer parturition events in migratory ungulates

Long-distance migrations by ungulate species are a globally imperiled natural phenomenon and conservation of them requires monitoring population vital rates. Satellite telemetry tracking is widely used for understanding the spatial distribution and movement of animals, especially migratory animals in remote environments. Recently, analytical methods have been developed to infer parturition events from movement data in multiple species that calve in isolation, but to date such methods have not been tested on animals that both migrate and spatially aggregate during calving. We applied two movement-based methods developed to infer parturition in nonmigratory woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) to 241 reproductive seasons spanning 6 years of GPS data from migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti J.A. Allen, 1902). We compared results from both methods to data from aerial surveys of collared females during the calving period. We found that each movement-based method had ∼80% overall accuracy to identify calving events, with interannual variation ranging from 61% to 100%. When we considered instances when the two analytical methods agreed on parturition outcome, the accuracy increased to 89% with an annual range of 73%–100%. Using these methods, we identified marked interannual differences in peak calving dates and higher parturition rates than previously reported for this caribou herd. The successful application of these analyses to a migratory, gregarious ungulate suggests a broader applicability of the methodology.
Flexible Polypyrrole@Fe2O3@Stainless Steel Yarn Composite Electrode for Symmetric Thread‐Like Supercapacitor with Extended Operating Voltage Window in Li2SO4‐Based Aqueous Electrolyte

A flexible symmetric thread‐like supercapacitor (TSC) with high operating voltage window and good electrochemical performance is manufactured, that fulfills the requirements of wearable electronics. First, iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanosheets are directly grown in situ on the surface of stainless steel yarn (SSY) by an acid corrosion and self‐oxidation process, and then a polypyrrole (PPy) coating is covered on the surface of Fe2O3 nanosheets via chemical oxide method to obtain the thread‐like PPy@Fe2O3@SSY composite electrode. The electrode achieves a wide potential range of −1.0–0.8 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and a high areal specific capacitance of 667.8 mF cm−2 with outstanding galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling stability of 87.5% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles in 1 m lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) aqueous solution. The symmetric TSC based on the PPy@Fe2O3@SSY electrode and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt/Li2SO4 gel electrolyte exhibits a wide operating voltage window of 1.8 V, and its maximum energy density can reach 39.3 μWh cm−2. Additionally, the TSC demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance under various bending states and a bending cycling test. The preparation method and raw materials are low‐cost and scalable, and the overall performance of the TSC is excellent, which makes this device a promising energy storage device for wearable electronics.
Migratory Status Determines Resource Selection By American Woodcock at an Important Fall Stopover, Cape May, New Jersey

ABSTRACT Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal's end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future. LAY SUMMARY Stopover sites provide habitat for migratory animals to rest and refuel before continuing migration, making these areas important for species' conservation. We used radio-telemetry to assess American Woodcock stopover and wintering habitat selection on the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Short-term migrants used a greater variety of land-covers than winter residents, although both selected deciduous wetland forest and sites in close proximity to fields. Less than 10% of the Cape May Peninsula provides stopover or wintering habitat for American Woodcock, highlighting the importance of conserving these important but potentially limited resources.
The organisation, functions and interactions of the actin cytoskeleton in plants

This thesis details investigations into the organisation, function and interactions of the actin cytoskeleton in plant cells, an area of research that has lagged behind comparable research in animal and lower eukaryotic systems. The plant actin cytoskeleton shows some similarities to these systems but also shows some specialised structures and functions including the prominence of cytoplasmic streaming and the strong tendency for actin and microtubule structures to co-align. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are responsible for the organisation of actin into diverse structures. The purification of ABPs from higher plant tissues was attempted using affinity chromatography methods characterised in animal tissues and based on F-actin and the ABP DNase I. Both F-actin and DNase I affinity columns reproducibly elute proteins but problems were encountered with small yields and in column manufacture and consequently, no ABPs were identified. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to characterise the organisation of the actin in elongating intemodes of a locally growing charophyte alga Nitella pseudoflabellata. The cytoskeleton of this alga has some similarities to those seen in many higher plant cells. Actin is present in numerous discrete structures some of which, including the subcortical bundles and nuclear actin rings, have been previously described. Other structures, including actin rings around the chloroplasts proximal to the neutral line and a cortical actin cytoskeleton consisting of reticulate actin joined by transverse filaments, however, have been not previously been observed. Their visualisation requires stabilisation with the bifunctional reagent 3-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxy-succinimidester (MBS) prior to fixation. The existence of these actin structures was confirmed with microinjections of FITClabelled phalloidin. Two actin-binding proteins localise to the subcortical actin bundles. These are the actin bundling-protein EFla (although it has not been demonstrated that this protein acts as a bundling protein in Nitella) and the previously identified myosin. Furthermore, another ABP (animal plasma gelsolin) can bind preferentially to the subcortical bundles suggesting that at least one ABPbinding site is conserved between animal and plant actins. As previously described, transversely aligned cortical microtubules are also present in elongating intemodes of Nitella together with occasional microtubules associated with and parallel to the subcortical actin bundles.