Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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section is our annual focus on what it takes to be a good reviewer for International Journal of Advertising. The journal’s Editor, Douglas West, recently presented awards for reviewing excellence to two members of the Editorial Review Board, Les Carlson of Clemson University and Michael Ewing of Monash University. Once again, it was our feeling that their views on the reviewing process would be of interest not only to potential contributors, but also to other members of our Editorial Review Board. All of us can learn from the best. Les Carlson focuses on the benefits of the review process as a form of mentoring for other scholars. He discusses both the responsibilities and rewards associated with reviewing, and he makes some interesting suggestions for authors on how to improve the value of their manuscripts. Michael Ewing thoughtfully considers how the scholar approaches the use of theory and stresses the need for carefully establishing the context of the research a priori instead of treating it as a post hoc limitation. We hope that you will find these essays both informative and valuable. As always, we would welcome your comments at ijacomments@warc.com. Comments
Allelopathic influence of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans L.) seeds on germination and radicle growth of pasture plants

Abstract Bioassay experiments were used to assess the allelopathic potential of nodding thistle seeds on cumulative germination, speed of germination, and radicle elongation of five test species i.e., cocksfoot, perennial ryegrass, white clover, subterranean clover, and nodding thistle. Nodding thistle seeds inhibited germination of all species except subterranean clover in at least one of the bioassays used. Radicle elongation of all species was substantially inhibited in the presence of nodding thistle seeds both on filter paper and on soil. In soil systems, nodding thistle seeds inhibited radicle elongation of seeds over distances of up to 4-7 mm. A probability analysis demonstrated that a high density of nodding thistle seeds has the potential to exert a substantial negative effect on establishment of newly sown pasture. Nodding thistle seeds were either stimulated or largely unaffected by other seeds of their own species (except when seeds were touching) suggesting that the allelopathic potential of .
INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL LOCALIZATION OF GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE (GSH-PO) IN THE RAT ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS

Immunocytochemical localization of glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PO) in the rat adrenocortical cells was observed not only in cytosol (CYTOSOL GSH-PO) but in mitochondria (MITOCHONDRIAL GSH-PO) by the direct peroxidase labeled antibody method using anti-GSH-PO IgG Fab' fragment. In the untreated rat adrenocortical cells, CYTOSOL GSH-PO was observed mainly in the outer part of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. MITOCHONDRIAL GSH-PO was observed mainly in the inner part of zona fasciculata. Biochemical GSH-PO activity in the cytosol and mitochondrial fractions obtained from whole adrenal gland was comparable to the immunocytochemical results. In the hypophysectomized rat adrenocortical cells, markedly atrophic inner part of zona fasciculata showed only CYTOSOL GSH-PO, and biochemical activity of the cytosol GSH-PO was markedly increased. It has been reported by us that this atrophic zone contains accumulated cholesterol esters. By ACTH administration to the hypophysectomized rats, markedly, hypertrophic outer part of zona fasciculata showed increased immunocytochemical localization of MITOCHONDRIAL GSH-PO. And biochemically, mitochondrial GSH-PO activity in this group was higher than that of the hypophysectomized group.These results suggest that the CYTOSOL GSH-PO has its role in the reduction of cholesterol ester hydroperoxides and that the MITOCHONDRIAL GSH-PO in the reduction of sterol hydroperoxides produced during steroidogenesis.
Lack of changes in the courtship behaviour of male ring doves after testosterone treatment

The courtship behaviour of male birds depends on gonadal androgen. To date, however, there is little evidence that the expression and the features of courtship behaviours are proportional to the concentration of circulating androgen. The existence of such dose-dependent relationship is at the basis of several current theories of sexual selection. In the male ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) gonadal testosterone (T) controls courtship displays either directly (aggressive displays, i.e. bowing and chasing) or after conversion into oestradiol within the brain (nest-oriented displays). We studied whether the treatment of intact, sexually active males with T induces short-term changes in the fine structure of the bowing display and in the frequency of the courtship displays. Because nestsoliciting depends on brain oestrogen formation, we also measured the activity of the oestrogen-synthesising enzyme aromatase in the brain areas controlling courtship. The structure of the bowing display and the pattern of the courtship were not affected by either of two T treatments that elevated circulating androgen within the physiological range. Males implanted with the higher dose of T had higher aromatase activity in the anterior hypothalamus. Our results indicate that T modulates brain aromatase in intact males and suggest a threshold model of action of steroid hormones on the structure of courtship behaviour.
Exploring a developing tourism industry: a resource-based view approach

ABSTRACT This exploratory study examines dimensions related to tourism development in the case of Uruguay. Internal and external analyses were conducted to identify key resources to maximise opportunities and minimise threats to the country’s tourism development. The study, which adopts the resource-based view of the firm, is based on the perspectives of key tourism stakeholders. Unstructured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with eight key informants, three representing government institutions, three private, and two public–private. The interviews revealed opportunities in various fronts, primarily consolidating and expanding international markets, and developing additional offerings, including convention/event and heritage tourism to minimise the effects of seasonality. Strong dependence on neighbouring markets, marginal airline connectivity, and knowledge of Uruguay internationally were main perceived barriers to further development. The value of employing the resource-based framework in guiding understanding of the themes under investigation was confirmed. Implications emerging from the findings are discussed and future research directions suggested.
Effect of Ethanol on the Expression of Two Fructokinases in Rice Seedlings

Abstract Germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caryopses in the presence of exogenous ethanol (the end-product of alcoholic fermentation under anoxia) results in a decrease of coleoptile and root growth. The ethanol level measured in rice caryopses incubated in 50 mM exogenous ethanol under aerobic conditions was similar to that in caryopses incubated under anoxia. Application of 50 mM ethanol under aerobic conditions induced the production of OsFK2, a fructokinase isoform having a central role in the response of rice to anoxia. The induction of OsFK2 by ethanol was organ-specific: OsFK2 was produced mainly in the embryo and partially in the coleoptile, but not in root tissues. The results of this research suggest that rice can sense ethanol under anoxia and shows a molecular response to oxygen deprivation.
Recovery Patterns of Understory Herbs and Their Use as Indicators of Deciduous Forest Regeneration

Abstract: Habitat fragmentation has reduced the richness of native species of forests in northeastern North America. Despite recent large‐scale increases in forest cover, studies indicate that understory herbaceous plant communities may take many decades to recover. We studied recovery patterns of vegetation following up to 35 years of forest regeneration in restored former cottage and road sites at Point Pelée National Park, Ontario, Canada, to assess the vulnerability of the understory herbaceous species. Overall, there were no significant differences in the diversity of native species between restored and relatively undisturbed reference sites. There was, however, significant among‐site variation in the composition of the native species component of these plant communities. When only restored sites were examined, variation in native species composition was associated with time since site restoration, soil moisture, canopy cover, and distance to continuous forest. Native species were assigned vulnerability rankings according to their relative occurrence in reference and restored sites. Spring‐flowering herbs, with ant‐ or gravity‐dispersed seeds, were absent from restored sites and were defined as highly vulnerable. In contrast, summer‐ and fall‐flowering herbs, with vertebrate‐ and wind‐dispersed seeds, dominated restored sites and were less vulnerable. Species of low and intermediate vulnerability had colonized restored sites successfully, and the latter should function as indicators of recovery. In contrast, species with high vulnerability rankings had not recovered at all and, because of their limited dispersal ranges, may recolonize restored sites only if they are actively reintroduced.
Heteropogon triticeus, a new host of Claviceps sorghi in India.

Claviceps sorghi occurred on Heteropogon triticeus in Gulbarga, Karnataka, India. Its external sphacelial morphology on this species differed from that on sorghum in having long white sphacelial tips that protruded from spikelets or wound around awns. The tips were formed by parallel synnema-like hyphae and were covered by a phialide layer that produced elongated macroconidia (7–18 μm) and rounded to oval microconidia (3–5 μm). Unlike the macroconidia, the microconidia failed to germinate. Plated macroconidia underwent secondary sporulation. The white sclerotial stroma consisted of parallel hyphae with cylindrical cells that later became rounded due to accumulation of reserve metabolites. Some of these cells differentiated into a sclerotial rind that accumulated a terracotta-coloured pigment. RAPD patterns and the rDNA nucleotide sequence confirmed the identity of the species.
Heterogeneity of the yeast flora in the breeding sites of cactophilic Drosophila

Yeasts were isolated from 278 rots in cladodes and basal stems of Opuntia stricta sampled over 15 months at one locality. The most common yeast species among 370 nonidentical isolates representing 20 species were Candida sonorensis (27% of isolates) and Pichia cactophila (24%). These species generally were present in all months and throughout the area sampled. Other relatively common species (3–9% of alt isolates) had much more restricted distributions in both time and space. The mean number of yeast species per rot was 1.27 ± 0.082, and no yeasts were isolated from 20% of the rots sampled. Significant differences among months or seasons in average number of yeast species per rot were due primarily to lower numbers in the summer and winter months, while differences among rot types resulted mainly from a higher number in the longer persisting basal stem rots. Both hierarchical diversity analysis and analysis of the distributions of the 10 most common yeast species showed temporal effects (month or season) .
An Anatomical Description of Eulima bilineata Alder with Remarks on and a Revision of Pyramidelloides Nevill (Mollusca, Prosobranchia, Eulimidae)

The anatomy and biology of Eulima bilineata Alder is described and compared with PyramidelIoides miranda (A. Adams) and P. angusta (Hedley). All the species are parasitic on ophiuroids, have a ptenoglossate radula, an acrembolic proboscis with a pair of salivary glands close to the buccal mass and a reduced stomach with two histologically different digestive glands. The males have a well developed penis, the female a partly open or closed pallial oviduct. The central nervous system is concentrated. The sub‐ and supraoesophageal ganglia are completely integrated in the nerve ring. In Eulima, the supraoesophageal ganglion is split into two parts. Few differences were found between the species investigated, and it is concluded that Pyramidelloides should be classified in Eilimidae, not in Rissoidae where it has been placed previously.
Species Delimitation In The Genus Bythinella (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea): A First Attempt Combining Molecular And Morphometrical Data

Within the springsnail genus Bythinella, few discontinuous morphological characters allow to unambiguously delineate species-level taxa. Opinions on the alpha-taxonomy of the group are divergent, with some authors recognizing every morphologically distinct local form as a species, while others interpreting such geographical forms as intraspecific variation. Because the value of morphological characters was rarely contrasted with molecular data, such opinions remained untested. In this work, variation between populations was studied through genetics isozymes, phylogeny (DNA), and morphometrics. Eleven populations representing five putative species were sampled from the French Pyrenees, a region where a high number of nominal species are classically recognized. Based on genetic and phylogenetic analyses, the material clusters into three groups, of which one consists of several nominal species. Environmental factors, sexual dimorphism, and genetic factors contribute to the significant morphological variation observed within the genetic groups. Thus, the number of species of Bythinella recognized in the Pyrenees appears probably overestimated, and the characters traditionally used for species delimitation should be re-evaluated.
Biodiversity of Polyphosphate Accumulating Bacteria in Eight WWTPs with Different Modes of Operation

AbstractEnhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) from wastewater has been successfully used for more than three decades and is considered to be an environmentally friendly wastewater-treatment process. Biologically, this process is realized by incorporation of phosphate as polyphosphate (polyP) granules in activated sludge bacteria. Important groups of bacteria responsible for P removal have been identified, but the full microbial diversity involved in this process is still unknown. This paper reports on the microbial composition of activated sludge communities in eight wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) with different sizes and modes of operation. The polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) within this complex biocenosis were identified by fluorescent dye staining and classified by in situ hybridization techniques. Of the bacteria in the aerobic basin, 5–13% contained polyP granules. In addition, flow cytometry was used to quantify PAOs after tetracycline staining and to separate these cells.
ENERGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF HIGH FORAGE DIETS FOR MID-LACTATION DAIRY COWS

Alfalfa silage-based rations containing corn grain, oats or tallow as the primary supplemental energy source were fed to a total of 48 mid-lactation cows in two 56-d experiments. Corn, oats or tallow were mixed with the alfalfa silage and fed ad libitum. A corn-barley-soybean meal-based concentrate was fed twice daily proportional to milk production. Overall rations varied from 55 to 70% alfalfa silage on a dry matter basis. Feed intake was lower for tallow-supplemented cows, whereas milk yield and milk proportions of fat and lactose were similar for cows in all groups. Tallow-supplemented cows produced milk with a lower protein proportion and protein yield was also lower. Tallow-supplemented cows produced milk with major shifts in milk fatty acids from most short-chain fatty acids (<C16:1) to primarily C18:1 as well as C18:0 and C20:0. Parameters of rumen fermentation were similar among all groups and did not suggest a ruminal mechanism for reduced feed intake in spite of the high level of added fat (8.6.
Use of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Selecting for High Stearic Acid Concentration in Single Husked Achenes of Sunflower

Half-seed analysis by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) allows a nondestructive evaluation of the fatty acid composition of oilseeds, since in most cases the analyzed portion is representative of the whole seed. However, the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutant CAS-14 exhibits a high stearic acid concentration nonuniformly expressed along the longitudinal axis of the seed. No analytical technique is available for nondestructive selection at the single seed level in this mutant. The objective of the present research was to study the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for analyzing the fatty acid composition of single husked achenes of sunflower and to evaluate its performance in a selection program for high stearic concentration in materials derived from CAS-14. A calibration set containing 2510 single husked achenes from a broad spectrum of breeding materials was developed. Reliable equations were developed for stearic acid, with r 2 = 0.80 and ratio of the standard error of cross validation (SECV) to the standard deviation (SD) of 0.45, oleic acid (r 2 = 0.89, SECV/SD = 0.34), and linoleic acid (r 2 = 0.91, SECV/ SD = 0.30). The calibration equations were applied to the analysis of 8109 husked achenes within a selection program for high stearic acid concentration, 503 of them being further analyzed by GLC to monitor the performance of NIRS. The results revealed a close relationship between NIRS and GLC data, with r 2 of 0.83 for stearic acid, 0.92 for oleic acid, and 0.93 for linoleic acid concentration. It was concluded that NIRS can be used reliably for nondestructive selection for these major fatty acids at a single-seed level.
Taxonomic review of the genus Aulacorthum (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) for the Korean peninsula, with the description of one new species

Twelve species of the genus Aulacorthum Mordvilko 1914 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are recognized from the Korean Peninsula. One new species, Aulacorthum ixeridis n. sp. , is described for apterous and alate viviparous females on Ixeris chinensis var. graminifolia (Ledeb.) H. C. Fu and Lactuca indica L. (Asteraceae). From the allied species, Aulacorthum nepetifolii Miyazaki 1968, Aulacorthum ixeridis n. sp. is distinguished by the relatively short ultimate rostral segment (0.83–1.07 × as long as the second segment hind tarsus), the dense spinules on head and the triangular short cauda. Host plants of the Korean Aulacorthum are reviewed and the identification key to subgenera and species is also presented.
Biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by recombinant bacteria containing Alasan gene

Alasan, the bioemulsifier of Acinetobacter radioresistens KA53, is a high molecular-mass complex of an alanine-containing polysaccharide and three proteins. This gene was isolated from the A. radioresistens using PCR and the amplified product (850 bp) was cloned using PGEMT cloning kit. DNA sequence was carried out for the amplification and sequence analysis showed that the PCR product was highly similar to the OMPA precursor protein which called Alan. Subcloning was carried out into pTRAC expression vector and the purified protein was used in mineralisation of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon. As well as the recombinant E. coli cells were cultured directly on MSM containing four polyaromatic hydrocarbon using real time method (phenol, naphthalene, phenantherene and antherathene). The obtained results showed that no difference between the purified protein and the using of the recombinant cells directly with the presence of the inducer like IPTG. Both of the purified protein and the recombinant cells showed high degradation rates for (anthrathene and phenantherene).
Screening of Starch Quality Traits in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important sources of starch in the tropics. There is limited and contradictory information regarding cassava starch characteristics. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) holds in trust FAO's cassava germplasm collection. Starches from 3272 landraces (including 12 wild relatives) and 772 improved clones were extracted and analyzed over a period of several years. In most cases only one starch sample per genotype was analyzed. Average cyanogenic potential was 327 ppm but considerably higher in the landraces (340 ppm) than in improved clones (267 ppm). Average total and reducing sugars were slightly higher in improved clones (4.06 and 1.56%, respectively) than in landraces (3.68 and 1.25%, respectively). Amylose content was similar in both types of germplasm with an average of 20.7%. Average pasting temperature was 65.3°C. Maximum viscosity was 777.5 mPa s, breakdown was 298.1 mPa s, consistency was 155.8 mPa s and setback was -144.5 mPa s. The large sample of starches analyzed provides very robust information regarding the actual characteristics of cassava starch.
Use of the Cd-ninhydrin reagent to assess proteolysis in cheese during ripening

Summary A new method for monitoring the terminal stages of proteolysis in cheese, i.e. the formation of free amino acids, using the Cd-ninhydrin reagent is reported. The assay was very specific for free amino acids and may be performed on citrate-soluble, water-soluble or phosphotungstic acid-soluble fractions of cheese, but not on trichloroacetic acid-soluble extracts; water-soluble extracts were chosen for routine analysis. Application of the assay to several experimental cheeses showed almost linear increases in free amino acids during ripening for up to 12 months with a slightly faster rate of formation during the later stages of ripening.
Two New Species of Genus Zadadra Moore (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from India

Abstract Two new species of Lithosiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), Zadadra cucullata sp. nov., and Zadadra neodistorta sp. nov., are described from India. In addition, a dichotomous key to all the Zadadra Moore species is given.
Technical Evaluation of BREEAM-International-NC-2016 for Rating of Sustainable New Construction Outside the UK

Worldwide, all the current sustainable rating systems are targeting fair and applicable rating criteria and conditions to best matching the circumstances and sustainable needs of every nation for their environmental conditions, equity needs, and economic concerns. This paper is made to evaluate & measure the compliance of BREEAM-International-NC-2016 sustainable rating system with the sustainability concerns of the new construction market outside the UK through considering Egypt as an example and conducting a detailed comparative analysis between the BREEAM-International-NC-2016 sustainable rating system and the authors' proposed sustainable rating system for new construction in Egypt (Bonna, Hazem (2018)) to highlight most of the missing sustainability rating elements which are necessary for Egypt and not found within the BREEAM-International-NC-2016 rating system. Sev considered that international building assessment tools have difficulties in their implementation in developing countries lacking regional adaptations. The author also added that most of the well-known building environmental assessment tools are not flexible for cultural and regional variations.