Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on mineral density, biomechanical properties, and metabolism of bone tissue in heparin-induced osteoporosis in male rats

Owing to the aging world population, medical problems due to old age significantly burden healthcare and economic systems. A major health problem in elderly individuals is loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis, a popular biomedical research subject. Current medical approaches to osteoporosis include pharmacological treatment options, with undesirable adverse effects resulting from many drugs. Alternative methods have been investigated to prevent bone-mass loss or increase bone mass. For example, pulsed electromagnetic field applications are well-studied modalities with varying results. Most studies on PEMF were conducted on postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats, but epidemiological data suggest that osteoporosis in males is as crucial as in females. This study is the first to evaluate the PEMF effects on heparin-induced osteoporosis in male rats. We induced osteoporosis by administering heparin injections to rats for 33 days, and applied PEMF at a 0.8-mT intensity and 7.3-Hz frequency for 1 h daily for 4 weeks starting from the 35th day of the experiment. The response to pulsed electromagnetic field in bone tissue was evaluated using bone mineral density results, biomechanical measurements, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB/ RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin evaluations. We observed that PEMF did not significantly affect bone mass restoration in osteoporosis models. The biomechanical measurements revealed inconclusive findings in favor of pulsed electromagnetic field application. We concluded that the presence of osteoporosis and the biological background from which osteoporosis develops contribute to the PEMF effects, and hormonal exposure in females may be related to the favorable effects of PEMF on bone remodeling.
On Classification : An Empirical Study of Existing Algorithms Based on Two Kaggle Competitions

Classification is a machine learning application used to predict group membership for data instances. In this paper we present various classification techniques including nearest-neighbors, decision trees, logistic regression, support vector machines and neural networks. Performance is compared based on two data sets from data science competitions by Kaggle. The first one is handwritten digits recognition and the second is to predict which customers will respond to a direct mail offer. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of different classification techniques in the literature.
Effects of Hawking Radiation on the Entropic Uncertainty in a Schwarzschild Space‐Time

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle describes a basic restriction on an observer's ability of precisely predicting the measurement of a pair of noncommuting observables, and virtually is at the core of quantum mechanics. Herein, the aim is to study the entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) under the background of a Schwarzschild black hole and its control. Explicitly, dynamical features of the measuring uncertainty via entropy are developed in a practical model where a stationary particle interacts with its surrounding environment while another particle—serving as a quantum memory reservoir—undergoes free fall in the vicinity of the event horizon of the Schwarzschild space‐time. It shows higher Hawking temperatures would give rise to an inflation of the entropic uncertainty on the measured particle. This is suggestive of the fact the measurement uncertainty is strongly correlated with degree of mixing present in the evolving particles. Additionally, based on information flow theory, a physical interpretation for the observed dynamical behaviors related with the entropic uncertainty in such a genuine scenario is provided. Finally, an efficient strategy is proposed to reduce the uncertainty by non‐tracing‐preserved operations. Therefore, our explorations may improve the understanding of the dynamic entropic uncertainty in a curved space‐time, and illustrate predictions of quantum measurements in relativistic quantum information sciences.
MODEL OF INACTIVATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN SCALDING OF CHICKEN PROCESS *

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in industrial scalding of chickens. Models can be used as a guide for broiler slaughterhouse operations for reducing levels of C. jejuni contamination on broiler carcasses. Mean concentrations of C. jeuni in terms of colony farming units (CFU) in scald tank water and in carcass rinse solution after scalding were 2.90±0.07 and 3.86±0.11 LogCFU/ml, respectively. Scald tank water temperature, flow rate, pH, and total solids in scalding process water were 54.15±0.2°C, 172.0±8.4 L/min, 8.0±0.01, and 2,565±114.3 mg/L, respectively. Inactivation models were developed by using literature data for inactivating kinetics, of Campylobacter and the Arrhenius equation. Results of the inactivation models of scalding process indicated that high temperature and short time (less than 2 minutes) of scalding process were effective in reducing the number of viable cells. The model fits the experimental data well and the values of the estimated parameters provide insight for this process. The model can be used for process design and potential process modifications.
Thermodynamics of Molecular Recognition by Calorimetry

When Otto von Guericke, stimulated by the previous work of Galileo and Torricelli, constructed the world’s first-ever vacuum pump in 1650 to disprove Aristotle's supposition that “nature abhors a vacuum”, he could not imagine the newly-born scientific field would get us closer to understand one of the oldest questions in the history of mankind: what is life? Even though nobody is able to answer this question correctly yet, thermodynamics helps us to address another one, equally important: how does it work? The cellular machinery is a highly complex system, probably the most complex ever created by nature. A perfect gear with thousands of chemical reactions taking place synchronously requiring high efficiency enzymes, which are responsible for providing the cell in time with the products it needs. One of the basic aims of the biophysical research is to be able to control how enzymes work. But there's no possible control if you don't previously understand how the molecular recognition between ligand and protein occurs and how favorable it is. Thermodynamics is the only scientific field allowing to address the matter. Any molecular recognition process, as a chemical reaction, is associated with a change in the molecular properties of the reactants. Understanding the molecular recognition processes between small ligands and biological macromolecules takes a complete characterization of the binding energetic, as well as the correlation between thermodynamic data and chemical structure. Techniques such as fluorimetry, spectrophotometry or circular dichroism are convenient, fast and low sample-consuming, but their application is not universal. However, there is such a universal technique, the Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), standing above the others. Modern isothermal titration calorimeters (e.g. VP-ITC or iTC-200 from Microcal (http://www.microcal.com/) and nano ITC (http://www. tainstruments.com/) are able to measure the energetic of ligand binding (for example, a drug) in a highly reliable, fast and accurate way, using relatively small amounts of material. Typically, these calorimeters require less than 500 μg of protein per complete calorimetric titration and can measure heat effects as small as 0.1 μcal, thus allowing the determination of binding constants as large as 108 to 109 M-1. Chemical interaction changes are always associated with a heat energy exchange with the environment. This fact turns ITC, among the possible choices, in the safest bet to address these studies. In an ITC experiment the heat
The effects on metabolism , bone and body composition

Fetal programming occurs when nutrients affect the DNA during fetal development and alters the fetus’ genetic make-up. In connection with increasing obesity prevalence focus has been on dietary fats and fatty acids. Two important sources to these nutrients are red meat and fatty fish. The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of fish and meat intake during pregnancy on maternal health and on the offspring’s metabolic health, bones and body composition. Herring or beef was provided to mice (C57Bl/6) during gestation and lactation. Later, after weaning, half of the offspring were crossed over to the other diet and followed to adult age. Weight gain, body composition, insulin sensitivity, tissue fatty acids and plasma triglycerides and cholesterol was investigated. In a sample of the animals bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone strength was analyzed. It was found that maternal herring diet counteracted adiposity and postweaning herring diet increased insulin sensitivity and reduced plasma triglycerides and cholesterol at an early adult age, but the differences were no longer present when the tests were repeated later in life. The postweaning herring diet also gave a higher n-6/n-3 ratio in the tissues collected at adult age. Maternal beef intake also led to increased bone mineral density and content at an early age, but later the switch to a postweaning herring diet gave better bone strength (in tibia) and mineral density and content. In a longitudinal randomized intervention study in pregnant women, effects of intake of fish and meat and gestational weight gain, fat mass and fat free mass and serum phospholipid fatty acids were investigated. Normal weight women were recruited during the 1 st trimester and advised on fish intake (three portions per week), reduced sugar intake (<10 E %), 500 g vegetables and fruits per day and increase energy intake by 350 kcal in the 2 nd trimester and by 500 kcal in the 3 rd trimester. Meat intake during early pregnancy was associated with fat free mass gain during pregnancy. Serum phospholipid arachidonic acid was associated with meat intake and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was associated with fish intake. The intervention group increased their fish intake. As shown in this thesis, meat and fish intake may affect body composition both in the mother and in the offspring and also bone health in the offspring. Meat and fish intake has beneficial effects on different tissues and health outcomes depending on time of intake. This thesis has added to the knowledge on the effect maternal meat and fish intake may have on maternal body composition and offspring metabolic health, bone health and body composition.
Effects of Test-Driven Development Mäkinen

Test-driven development is a software development practice where small sections of test code are used to direct the development of program units. Writing test code prior to the production code promises several positive effects on the development process itself and on associated products and processes as well. However, there are few comparative studies on the effects of test-driven development. Thus, it is difficult to assess the potential process and product effects when applying testdriven development. In order to get an overview of the observed effects of test-driven development, an in-depth review of existing empirical studies was carried out. The results for ten different internal and external quality attributes indicate that test-driven development can reduce the amount of introduced defects and lead to more maintainable code. Parts of the implemented code may also be somewhat smaller in size and complexity. While maintenance of test-driven code can take less time, initial development may last longer. Besides the comparative analysis, this article sketches related work and gives an outlook on future research.
Electrodes friendly with the environment for detect heavy metal

espanolLos ultimos siglos, los metales pesados han sido extraidos y procesados industrialmente; hoy en dia, hacen parte de nuestra cadena alimenticia y su deteccion ha generado gran interes a nivel internacional debido a los efectos adversos, en cantidades mas alla de las permitidas para el ser humano. Por muchos anos, los electrodos de mercurio han sido utilizados para detectar metales pesados; sin embargo, debido a las nuevas regulaciones y su alta toxicidad, nuevas alternativas para su reemplazo como electrodo en las tecnicas electroanaliticas han sido investigadas. Los electrodos de Bismuto se han situado como una alternativa para este tipo de actividad debido a sus multiples caracteristicas semejantes a las del mercurio y su baja toxicidad, en este documento se presenta un panorama de este nuevo tipo de electrodo, junto con diferentes parametros a tener en cuenta para obtener mejores resultados. EnglishIn the last centuries, heavy metals have been extracted and processed industrially; today, they are part of our food chain and their detection has generated great international interest due to adverse effects, beyond allowed amounts for humans. For many years, mercury electrodes have been used to detect heavy metals; however, due to the new regulations and its high toxicity, new alternatives for its replacement as electrode in electroanalytical techniques have been investigated. Bismuth electrodes have been positioned as analternative to this type of activity because of its many features similar to mercury and low toxicity. This paper provides an overview of this new type of electrode, along with different parameters to consider in order to obtain better results
Ownership, System of reimbursement and Mortality rate relationships

The issue is the real effect of the hospital type on the mortality rate. The statistical results on the mortality rate by hospital type (ownership and system of reimbursement) can lead to tremendous misinterpretations. According to statistical results we could conclude that the incentive created by fee-for-service reimbursement allows on 8 point save on the mortality rate. In fact, this ranking on hospital quality is completely dependant of characteristics and illness severity of patients. The computation on mortality rate by age structure crossed with sex totally changes the ranking. To take into account this difficulty, we use a innovative duration model applied to panel data. We consider a duration model with two kinds of unobserved heterogeneity, patient unobserved heterogeneity and hospital unobserved heterogeneity. No assumption of distribution is done on the latter component. By taking into account the observable and unobservable patient heterogeneity, we control the fact that patients admitted in the private sector can be different in term of disease gravity than patients admitted in the public one. We find that the hospital type effect on the instantaneous death probability depends more on the capacity to perform innovative procedure than on the system of reimbursement and/or the ownership. However, hospitals of the private sector both provide more innovative procedures and are more numerous to adopt innovation. Thereby, hospitals of the private sector provide a better quality of care, measured by the probability of dying. Nevertheless, heterogeneity within the type of hospital is bigger in the for-profit hospitals in comparison with the other types of hospital. It suggests that by choosing for-profit hospital, the patient of reference have in average, a lower of instantaneous probability of dying but are less sure about the quality of the hospital.
The 3 rd International Conference on ′′ Computational Mechanics and Virtual Engineering ′′ COMEC 2009 29 – 30 OCTOBER 2009 , Brasov , Romania A NEW ACTING SOLUTION OF A DOUBLE SCARA ROBOT

The traditional SCARA robot has the mechanical structure built by an open kinematical chain, articulated arm type, mounted in horizontal plane. Other than the classical solution that uses a serial structure, have appeared other solutions which are using close kinematic chains. So the double SCARA robot is using for the robot arm a five-bar closed linkage. In the paper we present the design of a double SCARA mechanism using CATIA V5 solution, where are modelled two types of five-bar mechanisms: general and degenerate, in which the distance between the joints from the frame is zero. In the second situation it is proposed a new acting solution of active joints, which is simplifying the construction of the system. This solution leads also to a simplified forward and inverse kinematics and also at a simplified control system.
A Study on Teachers’ Views on the Use of Technology to Improve Physics Education in High Schools

This study was carried out to determine teacher views on the use of technology to improve physics education in high schools. The sample of the study is 238 volunteer physics teachers. The study was carried out with the survey model and a five point Likert Scale was used in the study. The scale has a reliability coefficient of 0.92. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data obtained from the scale. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that teachers strongly agreed with all six of the articles except one of the views within the dimension "suggestions on teacher competence and technology-based subject discourse" and with only one out of the five articles within the dimension "recommendations for performing technology-assisted laboratory activities. " In addition, it has been determined that significant change in teachers’ views did not occur regarding the use of technology to improve physics education according to different individual characteristics. However, it has been determined that there is a significant positive difference with those in high need of professional development.
Suggestion and Refusal Strategies in English by Kurdish Undergraduate Students

This paper investigated the sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence of Kurdish EFL undergraduate students through the speech acts of suggestion and refusal. Eighty-three Kurdish EFL undergraduate students and 14 native speakers of English participated in the study. Data were elicited using a Discourse Completion Task consisting of three suggestive and three refusal situations, and the responses were rated on a scale developed by the researcher. The response data for suggestions and refusals were coded according to the taxonomies of Martinez-Flor (2005) and Beebe et al. (1990), respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22. Four researchers rated the Kurdish EFL undergraduate students' responses in terms of appropriate pragmatic and linguistic forms. The results of the study revealed differences in the overall strategies and strategy patterns between the responses of Kurdish EFL undergraduate students and Native speakers of English groups, as well as differences between students of state and private universities.
MUTUAL FUND PERFORMANCE*

W ITHIN the last few years considerable progress has been made in three closely related areas-the theory of portfolio selection,1 the theory of the pricing of capital assets under conditions of risk,2 and the general behavior of stock-market prices.3 Results obtained in all three areas are relevant for evaluating mutual fund performance. Unfortunately, few of the studies of mutual funds have taken advantage of the substantial backlog of theoretical and empirical material made available by recent studies in these related areas. However, one paper pointing the direction for future studies of mutual fund performance has appeared. Drawing on results obtained in the field of portfolio analysis, Jack L. Treynor has suggested a new predictor of mutual fund performance4one that differs from virtually all those used previously by incorporating the volatility of a fund's return in a simple yet meaningful manner. This paper attempts to extend Treynor's work by subjecting his proposed measure to empirical test in order to evaluate its predictive ability. But we will also attempt to do something more -to make explicit the relationships between recent developments in capital theory and alternative models of mutual fund performance and to subject these alternative models to empirical test.
Performing Trusted Computing Actively Using Isolated Security Processor

Trusted computing is one of the main development trend in information security. However, there are still two limitations in existing trusted computing model. One is that the measurement process of the existing trusted computing model can be bypassed. Another is it lacks of effective runtime detection methods to protect the system, even the measurement process itself. In this paper, we introduce an active trusted model which can solve those two problems. Our active trusted computing model is comprised of two components: normal computation world and isolated security world. All the security tasks of active trusted computing model are assigned to the isolated security world. In this model, the static trusted measurement measures BIOS and operating system at the start-up of the computer system; and the dynamic trusted measurement measures the code segment, the data segment, and other critical structures actively and periodically at runtime. We have implemented a prototype of the active trusted computing model and done preliminary evaluation. Our experimental results show that this prototype can perform trusted computing on-the-fly effectively with an acceptable performance overhead.
Hybrid Approach of FR , RR and NR IQM ’ s for Image Quality Assessment

Image Quality assessment (IQA) is used for computational models to measure the image quality. In this paper, a new hybrid method of FR (full reference), RR (reduce reference) and NR (no reference) image quality metrics (IQM) is proposed for image quality assessment (IQA). This proposed method improves the drawbacks of FR and RR approaches and works for FR, RR and NR simultaneously. It gives errorless and efficient output. The sparse feature fidelity (SFF) method is used for the FR and RR algorithm as they are similar to each other. The SFF relates the quality of an image with the reliability to the reference image. The sparse features are acquired by feature detector. It trained on the samples of natural images by an ICA algorithm. The hybrid no reference (HNR) method is used for NR algorithm. HNR model is based on hybrid of curvelet, wavelet and cosine transforms. NR algorithm is used when reference or undistorted images are not available. Natural scene statistic (NSS) properties are used to make NR possible. The peak coordinates of the transformed coefficient occupy well define clusters in peak coordinate space. This method is applicable to arbitrary images without compromising the prediction accuracy of full reference methods. Experimental study shows the proposed method performs better than other previous methods and improves the effectiveness of IQA.
Why can’t I measure the external quantum efficiency of the Ge subcell of my multijunction solar cell?

The measurement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of low bandgap subcells in a multijunction solar cell can be sometimes problematic. In particular, this paper describes a set of cases where the EQE of a Ge subcell in a conventional GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell cannot be fully measured. We describe the way to identify each case by tracing the I-V curve under the same light-bias conditions applied for the EQE measurement, together with the strategies that could be implemented to attain the best possible measurement of the EQE of the Ge subcell.