Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear dynamics of three dimensional fluid flow separation

Flow separation (the detachment of fluid from a no-slip boundary) is a major cause of performance loss in engineering devices, including diffusers, airfoils and jet engines. The systematic study of flow separation dates back to the seminal work of Prandtl in 1904. He showed that a two-dimensional steady flow separates from a no-slip boundary at points where the wall shear vanishes and admits a negative gradient. Three-dimensional flows, however, tend to separate along lines, as opposed to isolated wall-shear zeros. Despite widespread effort, no generally applicable extension of Prandtl's result has emerged for even three-dimensional steady flows. In this thesis we develop a nonlinear theory for separation and attachment of steady and unsteady three-dimensional fluid flows on no-slip curved moving boundaries. The theory provides analytic criteria for locating the separation line and approximating the shape of separation surface. Based on nonlinear dynamical systems techniques, the criteria identify separation line and separation surface by locating nonhyperbolic unstable manifolds that collect and eject fluid particles from the boundary. We verify our theory on analytic flow models, in numerical simulations of important benchmark problems and in experiments. Our theory provides a systematic tool for diagnostics, configuration design and active flow control of separation and attachment in complex three dimensional fluid flows. Thesis Supervisor: George Haller Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Perceptions about the Role of Architecture in Education.

This dissertation was conducted to examine perceptions held by those who influence schoolhouse design about the role of architecture in education. Eleven informants--regionally and/or nationally respected educators, architects, and educational consultants--were interviewed and asked what they perceive to be the role of architecture in education. Very generally, the informants agreed that architecture should "enhance" education; however, they varied greatly on what they meant by "enhance. " Five metaphors were developed to describe the role of architecture in education: (1) as a facility: the architecture should provide the school's basic operational necessities; (2) as a place: the architecture should provide a meaningful context for the learning experience; (3) as a signpost: the architecture should communicate implicitly that which may otherwise be communicated explicitly; (4) as a textbook: the architecture should reinforce the curriculum at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels; and (5) as an agent: the architecture should be a medium that affects change. Those informants closest to the field of education and furthest from the field of architecture were more concerned with providing basic operational necessities than other considerations. In contrast, those informants furthest from the field of education and closest to the field of architecture were less concerned with providing basic operational necessities and more concerned with applying architecture in creative ways to address issues in education. The dissertation concludes that these goals need not be in opposition to one another and that the metaphors are not mutually exclusive; the more of the metaphors that can be incorporated into the designs of schools, the richer the educational experience could potentially be. (Contains 49 references.) (Author/EV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE IN EDUCATION William Scott Bradley Oak Ridge, Tennessee B.S., Clemson University, 1991 M.Ed., University of Virginia, 1994 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IiI/This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. CY) co) CN1 (0 OO Department of Education University of Virginia
Engineering Instructional Development: Programs, Best Practices, and Recommendations

Economic globalization, rapid advances in technology and cognitive science, and a worldwide movement toward outcomes‐based program accreditation increasingly require changes in the traditional model of engineering education design and delivery. As yet, no validated framework exists for designing instructional development programs that would equip engineering educators to make those changes. Existing programs consequently vary considerably in scope and effectiveness across countries and institutions.
Porous Media Modeling with Integrated Approach and Application in Water Flow Simulation

The porous media for liquid transporting and mechanical analysis, which are the hotspot studies in contaminant transport and machinery manufacturing, is hard to model in the computing simulation for the complexity of the media’s porosity. In the paper, an integrated approach is proposed to model the porous media with the framework of but not limited to sphere particles. Firstly, a series of particles are generated according to the grading curve in a closed box with the PFC3D, and then let the particles deposit freely for the gravity. After that the position and radium of each particle are exported to a file for import of AUTOCAD, where the particles are re-generated by the VBA script and the model for particles is constructed. The needed model is the porosity among the particles, so the model size is determined by a block and the model is gotten with the Boolean Operation which subtracts the particles from the block. And then with the different boundaries, the water transporting simulation in the porous media model is carried out with the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The results are proved reasonable by the previous studies.
Analysis of a three-voltmeter measurement method designed for low-frequency impedance comparisons

The principle of the three voltmeter method designed for precise impedance comparison is presented. Generalization of the classical approach is proposed and analysed. Formulas for impedance parameters determination are derived and measurement uncertainty analysed for various kinds of comparisons, and next optimal measurement conditions specified. Important voltmeter parameters, such as random error and non-linearity error, are experimentally investigated. The presented results show that by using the method and commercially available apparatus it is possible to compare two impedances with a relative uncertainty of (1-5)×10 in the low frequency range.
Nutritional Value of Sea Urchin Roe (Strongylocentrotidae)—Study of Composition and Storage Conditions

Although the roe of sea urchins inhabiting the Far Eastern seas possesses many healing properties and may be used as a dietary product, a reduction and deterioration in its nutritional quality during storage occurs. Therefore, in order to make sea urchin products widely accessible to the world population, it is very important to have appropriate technology to keep the roe from spoiling. To store sea urchin roe for a long time, methods of pre-processing sea urchin gonads before freezing were tested. In terms of preserving organoleptic properties and nutritional quality, the most adequate procedure consists of a short period (20 or 30 s) of heat (boiling water) treatment of sea urchin roe after removal from the shell. This procedure results in an inactivation of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic processes of lipids and proteins during storage. After blanching and cooling, the roe was packed, frozen and kept at a temperature of −18 °C and −25 °C. The quality of sea urchin roe did not change during storage at the temperature of −18 °C for 6 months, and at the temperature of −25 °C for 10 months.
Micromachined needles and lancets with design adjustable bevel angles

A new method of micromachining hollow needles and two-dimensional needle arrays from single crystal silicon is described. The process involves a combination of fusion bonding, photolithography and anisotropic plasma etching. The cannula produced with this process can have design adjustable bevel angles, wall thickness and channel dimensions. A subset of processing steps can be employed to produce silicon blades and lancets with design adjustable bevel angles and shaft dimensions. Applications for this technology include painless drug infusion, blood diagnosis, glucose monitoring, cellular injection and the manufacture of microkeratomes for ocular, vascular and neural microsurgery.
High‐performance metamaterial patch antenna

A highly directional patch antenna with a novel fishnet metamaterial as cover has been presented at 92.4 GHz frequency. Partial substrate removal technique is used to suppress the surface wave losses. Result shows 14.91 dB improvements in gain and directionality has been improved to 3.5° as compare to 78.3° in conventional patch antenna. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:409–413, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27304
Dry months in the agricultural region of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo-Brazil: an study based on the extreme value theory

The application of the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to model the probability of occurrence of extreme low Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) values leads to an increase of the knowledge related to the occurrence of extreme dry months. This sort of analysis can be carried out by means of two approaches: the block maxima (BM; associated with the General Extreme Value distribution) and the peaks-over-threshold (POT; associated with the Generalized Pareto distribution). Each of these procedures has its own advantages and drawbacks. Thus, the main goal of this study is to compare the performance of BM and POT in characterizing the probability of occurrence of extreme dry SPI values obtained from the weather station of Ribeirao Preto-SP (1937-2012). According to the goodness-of-fit tests, both BM and POT can be used to assess the probability of occurrence of the aforementioned extreme dry SPI monthly values. However, the scalar measures of accuracy and the return level plots indicate that POT provides the best fit distribution. The study also indicated that the uncertainties in the parameters estimates of a probabilistic model should be taken into account when the probability associated with a severe/extreme dry event is under analysis.
PV Solar Radiometric Measurements

Radiometric measurements performed by the PV Solar Radiometric Measurements Task support NREL’s centers for Measurements and Characterization, Performance Engineering and Reliability, and Renewable Energy Resources. The task provides characterization, measurements, testing, designs, and analysis of radiometric instrumentation and data for the performance of PV cells, modules, and systems. We describe recent characterization of the radiometric performance of pyranometers deployed for PV system testing at the NREL Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) and improvements undertaken in NREL broadband radiometer characterization. Typical measurement and calibration issues with diode array spectroradiometers used for absolute spectral measurements applied to PV performance and characterization are discussed.
Structure of human cytomegalovirus UL144, an HVEM orthologue, bound to the B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that has co-evolved with the host immune system to establish lifelong persistence. HCMV encodes many immunomodulatory molecules, including the glycoprotein UL144. UL144 is a structural mimic of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM (herpesvirus entry mediator), which binds to the various ligands LIGHT, LTα, BTLA, CD160, and gD. However, in contrast to HVEM, UL144 only binds BTLA, inhibiting T-cell activation. Here, we report the crystal structure of the UL144–BTLA complex, revealing that UL144 utilizes residues from its N-terminal cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1) to interact uniquely with BTLA. The shorter CRD2 loop of UL144 also alters the relative orientation of BTLA binding with both N-terminal CRDs. By employing structure-guided mutagenesis, we have identified a mutant of BTLA (L123A) that interferes with HVEM binding but preserves UL144 interactions. Furthermore, our results illuminate structural differences between UL144 and HVEM that explain its binding selectivity and highlight it as a suitable scaffold for designing superior, immune inhibitory BTLA agonists.
Research on Weak Leak Detection of Boiler Tubes under Strong Background Noise

In plant, the main factor affecting power unit is the boiler, which mainly has the problem as unplanned outage caused by the leakage of water-cooled wall, superheater, reheater, economizer. So it is very meaningful and important to discover the problem of weak leakage of compression and heating surface of boiler and give the alarm in an early phase so as to figure out recondition method and reduce the recondition time. In this paper the deep research on acoustic features of background noise produced by boiler tube leakage and spectrum features of leak noise are presented to provide assistance for accurate location of the boiler leakage in the future.
An Anonymous Batch Authentication and Key Exchange Protocols for 6G Enabled VANETs

The continuous growth to the 6G wireless communication technology overcomes storage, stringent computation, privacy and power constraints to make an efficient and intelligent next generation transportation system to alleviate traffic jams and enhance driving experience in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In combination with 6G technology, high availability, high reliability and occasionally high throughput are enabled in VANETs. However, the information shared in the VANET system should be secured. In this paper, an efficient batch authentication and key exchange schemes are proposed to provide a high level security by evading communication with the malicious vehicle users. In addition, an anonymous batch authentication scheme is proposed to alleviate the authentication burden on the road side units (RSUs) while performing authentication in the congested areas. Moreover, the integrity of the communicating messages is preserved in this proposed scheme to evade message modification during transmission. Even though many cryptographic schemes were proposed for batch authentication in VANETS, they suffered from lack of privacy-preservation and computational overhead. The discussion of the possible attacks section illustrates that the proposed protocol can survive against potential security attacks. In the performance analysis section, the proposed batch authentication scheme is compared with well-known existing schemes and then it is clearly revealed that the proposed scheme is computationally more efficient than the existing schemes.
Experimental methods for engineers

1 Introduction 2 Basic Concepts 3 Analysis of Experimental Data 4 Basic Electrical Measurements and Sensing Devices 5 Displacement and Area Measurements 6 Pressure Measurement 7 Flow Measurement 8 The Measurement of Temperature 9 Thermal and Transport-Property Measurements 10 Force, Torque, and Strain Measurements 11 Motion and Vibration Measurement 12 Thermal and Nuclear-Radiation Measurements 13 Air-Pollution Sampling and Measurement 14 Data Acquisition and Processing 15 Report Writing and Presentations 16 Design of Experiments Appendix A-Conversion Factors and Material Properties Appendix B-Digital Imaging Systems
Analysis of Dynamic Response of Architectural Glazing Subject to Blast Loading

The effect of blast loading on civilian structures has received much attention over the past several years. The behavior of architectural glazing is of particular interest owing to the disproportionate amount of damage often associated with the failure of this component in a blast situation. This paper presents the development of a simple yet accurate finite element-based tool for the analysis of architectural glazing subjected to blast loading. This has been achieved through the creation of a user-friendly computer program employing the explicit finite-element method to solve for the displacements and stresses in a pane of glass. Both monolithic and laminated panes have been considered, in single and insulated unit configurations, and employing several types of glass. In all cases, the pane of glass has been modeled as a plate supported by an array of boundary conditions that include spring supports, and two failure criteria are employed. Furthermore, the program is designed to predict the hazard level, .
Self-Healing of Redundant FLASH ADCs

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are ubiquitous and indispensable components in an Internet of Things (IoT) world, bridging the analog to the digital, and FLASH ADCs have long been prominent in the high-performance, high-area design space. This article describes an approach to FLASH ADC that combines comparator selection for calibration with normal operation, thus saving space and increasing resilience.
Households Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Their Determinants in Drought Prone Agro-ecosystems of Northeastern Ethiopia

Adaptation to climate change is mandatory to households and/or agro-ecosystems which have been affected and are also currently affected by climate variability/change to make them resilient. This will be achieved by employing appropriate adaptation strategies. This article examined the various adaptation strategies to climate change and their determinants in drought prone areas of northeastern Ethiopia focusing on Kobo and Golina districts in Amhara and Afar regions respectively. These areas depend mainly on rain-fed mixed farming agriculture and pastoral/agro-pastoral way of life. As a result, climate variability and change has created various impacts intermittently making households/agro-ecosystems vulnerable. Hence, it should be responded through appropriate adaptation strategies and practices. Accordingly, this study has tried to address these problems using mixed research approach and cross-sectional research design. Thus, data gathered from secondary sources (National Meteorological Agency), observation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household survey. Consequently, quantitative data analyzed by SPSS and STATA software whereas qualitative information analyzed by content analysis. More specifically, multinomial logit model used to perform quantitative analysis. The findings have shown that there are different adaptation options determined by various determinants mainly demographic characteristics, access to or ownership of livelihood capitals, use or adoption of technologies, institutional setups and access to such institutions, and exposure of households to environmental factors. As a result, it is recommended that concerned stakeholders should work jointly to maximize the potential adaptation strategies of each household/agro-ecosystem. More specifically, mixed farming agro-ecosystems stakeholders should work jointly to tap irrigation potential and agro-pastoral and pastoral agro-ecosystems stakeholders should work to tap the potential in livestock diversification and mobility.
Adaptive friction compensation with a time-delay friction model

Abstract This paper presents a new compensation technique for a time-delay friction model that captures the effect of frictional memory. The proposed control utilizes a proportional-derivative (PD) control structure and an adaptive estimate of the friction force. Specifically, a radial basis function (RBF) is used to compensate the effects of the non-linearly occurring parameters in the friction model. Simulation results verify the theory and show that the method can significantly improve the tracking performance of a control system in which it is used.
A review on fermentative hydrogen production from dairy industry wastewater

Hydrogen (H2) is one of the most promising alternative fuel sources for satisfying future energy demand, and fermentative hydrogen production is advantageous over other processes. In recent decades, considerable research has been conducted on H 2 production from carbohydrate-rich materials since it is a cost-effective approach and has the ability to generate intensive renewable energy from organic wastes. Dairy wastewater is a high volume industrial wastewater and with its immense carbohydrate content is an attractive candidate for sustainable fermentative H 2 production. The present paper provides comprehensive evaluation of recent reports on fermentative H 2 production from dairy wastewater. Important effective parameters and current bioreactor technologies for H 2 production from dairy wastewater are discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Silicon-Based Micromechanical Structures And Devices

Integrated polysilicon mechanisms have received considerable attention in recent literature as a common technology to fabricate microdynamics systems [1],[2],[3],[4],[5]. Inherent in that attention is the recognition that these structures will operate at considerable speeds for reasonably long periods. To date however, little is known about the dynamic properties- most notably the friction and wear, of the structural materials used to fabricate such micromechanical structures. Furthermore, a critical need in the continued development of silicon-based micromechanical systems are forms of actuation which are compatible with both the materials and processing technology of silicon microelectronics. Actuation would ideally be powered and controlled electrically to fully exploit the potential of integrated, micro electromechanical systems. We describe a series of experiments, in situ measurements and theoretical models designed to provide estimates of the coefficients of friction and the nature of wear in integrated polysilicon micromechanisms. In addition, a method for the measurement of residual stress, Young's modulus, and fatigue in thin films under tension using surface micromachined electric microactuators is presented. Among the features of this technique is a suspended rotor, linear electrostatic actuator and the availability of a continuously varying load, providing the potential for performing dynamic studies. The force generated by an electric microactuator is used to produce mechanical deformations in the material of interest. The design, fabrication, and experimental results on a specific device for the study of BTDA-ODA/MPDA polyimide films are discussed.
Terfenol-D based optical current transducer

The authors have developed and tested a prototype magnetostriction based, passive optical current sensing device for high voltage applications. The sensor contains a ferromagnetic yoke, a modulator of magnetostrictive Terfenol-D that responds to the magnetic field, and a fiber Bragg grating that converts this response into a wavelength modulated optical signal and transmit it via an optical fiber to ground level electronics. To linearize the output the modulator material was subjected to both mechanical and magnetic bias. The prototype CT was found to have a useable linear range of 100-1000A with a measured phase shift of around 30 degrees for a steady state 60 Hz excitation. Both the gain and the phase response have been found to be dependent on mechanical prestress and magnetic bias. The authors also report on materials characterization and modeling that support the actual design process.