Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of postinjury multiple-organ failure in the emergency department: Development of the Denver Emergency Department Trauma Organ Failure Score

BACKGROUND Multiple-organ failure (MOF) is common among the most seriously injured trauma patients. The ability to easily and accurately identify trauma patients in the emergency department at risk for MOF would be valuable. The aim of this study was to derive and internally validate an instrument to predict the development of MOF in adult trauma patients using clinical and laboratory data available in the emergency department. METHODS We enrolled consecutive adult trauma patients from 2005 to 2008 from the Denver Health Trauma Registry, a prospectively collected database from an urban Level 1 trauma center. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a clinical prediction instrument. The outcome was the development of MOF within 7 days of admission as defined by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. A risk score was created from the final regression model by rounding the regression &bgr; coefficients to the nearest integer. Calibration and discrimination were assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS A total of 4,355 patients were included in this study. The median age was 37 years (interquartile range [IQR], 26–51 years), and 72% were male. The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 9 (IQR, 4–16), and 78% of the patients had blunt injury mechanisms. MOF occurred in 216 patients (5%; 95% confidence interval, 4–6%). The final risk score included patient age, intubation, systolic blood pressure, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, and white blood cell count and ranged from 0 to 9. The prevalence of MOF increased in an approximate exponential fashion as the score increased. The model demonstrated excellent calibration and discrimination (calibration slope, 1.0; c statistic, 0.92). CONCLUSION We derived a simple, internally valid instrument to predict MOF in adults following trauma. The use of this score may allow early identification of patients at risk for MOF and result in more aggressive targeted resuscitation and improved resource allocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.
Whole-genome sequence analyses of Western Central African Pygmy hunter-gatherers reveal a complex demographic history and identify candidate genes under positive natural selection

African Pygmies practicing a mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle are phenotypically and genetically diverged from other anatomically modern humans, and they likely experienced strong selective pressures due to their unique lifestyle in the Central African rainforest. To identify genomic targets of adaptation, we sequenced the genomes of four Biaka Pygmies from the Central African Republic and jointly analyzed these data with the genome sequences of three Baka Pygmies from Cameroon and nine Yoruba famers. To account for the complex demographic history of these populations that includes both isolation and gene flow, we fit models using the joint allele frequency spectrum and validated them using independent approaches. Our two best-fit models both suggest ancient divergence between the ancestors of the farmers and Pygmies, 90,000 or 150,000 years ago. We also find that bi-directional asymmetric gene-flow is statistically better supported than a single pulse of unidirectional gene flow from farmers to Pygmies, as previously suggested. We then applied complementary statistics to scan the genome for evidence of selective sweeps and polygenic selection. We found that conventional statistical outlier approaches were biased toward identifying candidates in regions of high mutation or low recombination rate. To avoid this bias, we assigned P-values for candidates using whole-genome simulations incorporating demography and variation in both recombination and mutation rates. We found that genes and gene sets involved in muscle development, bone synthesis, immunity, reproduction, cell signaling and development, and energy metabolism are likely to be targets of positive natural selection in Western African Pygmies or their recent ancestors.
Processing of Rape Straw Ash into Compound Fertilizers Using Sugar Factory Waste

Rape straw is a waste product of rapeseed oil production that can be processed for use by burning. This study examined the processing of rape straw ash into compound fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and microelements by granulation using additives from sugar factories, such as sugar factory lime and molasses. Rape straw ash was examined by chemical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The optimum parameters of compound fertilizer granulation and the main physicochemical properties of the product, such as particle size distribution, moisture content, pH, and particle-crushing strength were determined using standard methods. The results of our investigation show that compound fertilizers of 0-6-21-23CaO-2MgO grade can be obtained from rape straw ash using sugar factory lime and molasses.
Specification, testing and verification of unconventional computations using generalized X-machines

There are as yet no fully comprehensive techniques for specifying, verifying and testing unconventional computations. In this paper, we propose a generally applicable and designer-friendly specification strategy based on a generalized variant of Eilenberg’s X-machine model of computation. Our approach, which extends existing approaches to SXM test-based verification, is arguably capable of modelling very general unconventional computations, and would allow implementations to be verified fully against their specifications.
Interhemispheric Propagation Time of Human Hippocampal Seizures: II. Relationship to Pathology and Cell Density

Summary: The time required for hippocampal seizure activity to propagate to the contralateral hippocampal formation was evaluated in 57 patients with complex partial seizures and related to histological findings following temporal lobectomy. Interhemispheric propagation times were found to be significantly longer (>20 s) in those patients diagnosed as having hippocampal sclerosis than in those patients without hippocampal sclerosis. Quantitative analysis of cell densities was made in 28 patients. Dentate fascia granule densities and hippocampal pyramidal cell densities were found to be lower in those patients with longer interhemispheric propagation times. However, this relationship was not observed when only patients with hippocampal sclerosis were considered. Thus, a tendency for hippocampal seizures to exhibit interhemispheric propagation times >20 s is suggestive of underlying hippocampal sclerosis. However, information about interhemispheric propagation time does not appear useful for estimating the actual degree of cell loss within the sclerotic hippocampus. The association of longer interhemispheric propagation times with hippocampal sclerosis supports the hypothesis that direct commissural connections between the hippocampal formations in humans are either unimportant or missing.
Quantum communication complexity of symmetric predicates

We completely (that is, up to a logarithmic factor) characterize the bounded-error quantum communication complexity of every predicate ) depending only on . More precisely, given a predicate on , we put Then the bounded-error quantum communication complexity of is equal to (up to a logarithmic factor). In particular, the complexity of the set disjointness predicate is equal to . This result holds both in the model with prior entanglement and in the model without it.
A general statistical framework for dissecting parent-of-origin effects underlying endosperm traits in flowering plants

Genomic imprinting has been thought to play an important role in seed development in flowering plants. Seed in a flowering plant normally contains diploid embryo and triploid endosperm. Empirical studies have shown that some economically important endosperm traits are genetically controlled by imprinted genes. However, the exact number and location of the imprinted genes are largely unknown due to the lack of efficient statistical mapping methods. Here we propose a general statistical variance components framework by utilizing the natural information of sex-specific allelic sharing among sibpairs in line crosses, to map imprinted quantitative trait loci (iQTL) underlying endosperm traits. We propose a new variance components partition method considering the unique characteristic of the triploid endosperm genome, and develop a restricted maximum likelihood estimation method in an interval scan for estimating and testing genome-wide iQTL effects. Cytoplasmic maternal effect which is thought to have primary influences on yield and grain quality is also considered when testing for genomic imprinting. Extension to multiple iQTL analysis is proposed. Asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio test for testing the variance components under irregular conditions are studied. Both simulation study and real data analysis indicate good performance and powerfulness of the developed approach.
A review on path collisions and resources usage in hybrid optical Network on Chip (HONoC)

System-on-chip (SoC) architectures are getting communication-bound both from physical wiring and distributed computation point of view. Wiring delays are becoming dominating over gate delays, which favors short links. The larger SoC the more probably the overall computation is heterogeneous and localized rather than evenly balanced over the chip. These two factors motivate Network-on-Chip (NoC) that brings the techniques developed for macro-scale, multi-hop networks into a chip. But due to shrinkage of transistors and integration of billions of transistors in a single chip, has made NoC no longer suitable to cater for high latency and demand of bandwidth in a multicore processor environment. Thus they have introduce HONoC (hybrid optical network on chip) to cater for the high latency and demand in bandwidth. There are many research that focus on the area of architecture, routing algorithm and switching strategies in order to make the communication run optimally in HONoC. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate main problems in HONoC. From the evaluation, three main problems has been identified which are path collisions, low resource usage and high power consumption in HONoC.
Dalteparin vs. Enoxaparin as Prophylaxis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis

Krotenberg R, Adler U, Pomeranz B, Miller JD, Russel MW: Dalteparin vs. enoxaparin as prophylaxis for deep-vein thrombosis after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001;80:889–895. ObjectiveTo assess the clinical and economic consequences of a formulary switch from enoxaparin to dalteparin as first-line prophylaxis for deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty. DesignRetrospective cohort study. ResultsThere were 461 patients eligible for the study. The age-adjusted risk of a deep-vein thrombosis event confirmed by duplex ultrasonography among patients treated with dalteparin was substantially lower than among patients treated with enoxaparin, whereas the age-adjusted risk of a bleeding event in the dalteparin group was also lower than that in the enoxaparin group. Adjusted per capita costs of deep-vein thrombosis prophylaxis during the rehabilitation stay were $129 lower among subjects treated with dalteparin. ConclusionThe switch to dalteparin as a first-line therapy for deep-vein thrombosis prophylaxis in the rehabilitation period after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty has led to substantial cost savings for Kessler Institute without compromising patient care.
Motivational elements in user instructions

N ic o le Lo o rb a c h Nicole Loorbach (1977) completed her PhD at the Department of Communication Science Corporate and Marketing Communication (Faculty of Behavioural Sciences), at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. Her main research interests include document design and technical communication. Nicole is currently self-employed as an information designer, localization expert, and trainer of best practices in collaboration. UITNODIGING
Point Dynamics in a Singular Limit of the Keller--Segel Model 2: Formation of the Concentration Regions

This paper continues the analysis started in the first part of this article (cf. [J. J. L. Velazquez, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 64 (2004), pp. 1198--1223]). It was seen there, using the method of matched asymptotics, that a regularized version of the Keller--Segel system admits, for a suitable asymptotic limit, solutions with some regions of high concentrations for the cell density. This paper considers the relation between the phenomenon of blow-up for the limit problem and the dynamics of the concentration regions described in [J. J. L. Velazquez, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 64 (2004), pp. 1198--1223]. In particular, this paper analyzes the precise way in which the regularization introduced in the Keller--Segel system stops the aggregation process and yields the formation of concentration regions.
Placental development in normal and compromised pregnancies-- a review.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant cause of infant mortality and morbidity. It is now clear that IUGR infants exhibit higher rates of coronary heart disease, type 2-diabetes, hypertension and stroke as adults. Therefore, fetal growth not only impacts the outcome of the perinatal period, but also impacts adult well-being. The etiologies of IUGR are numerous, but are often associated with abnormalities in placental structure and function. The process of implantation and placentation requires the production of a plethora of growth factors, cell-adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, hormones and transcription factors. Many of these exhibit altered expression within the placenta of IUGR pregnancies. However, it has been difficult to fully assess their role during the development of placental insufficiency (PI) in the human, underscoring the need for animal models. Using an ovine model of PI-IUGR we have observed changes in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, their common receptors, as well as angiopoietin 2 and its receptor, Tie 2. We found that changes in these growth factors can be associated with both acute and chronic changes in placental vascular structure and function. These studies and others are providing needed insight into the developmental chronology of placental insufficiency.
Entangled vibrational states in polyatomic molecules.

The vibrational state of a polyatomic molecule excited with a transform limited light pulse is determined analytically. We analyze how the properties of the vibrational state depend on the duration of the exciting pulse and the possible geometrical configurations of the nuclear potential surfaces. It is pointed out that a finite exciting pulse results in an entangled vibrational state. The magnitude of the entanglement is described by the von Neumann entropy associated with the vibrational modes. It is shown that in the case of a very short excitation, the change of the geometrical configuration of the vibrionic potential surface may also lead to entanglement. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Performance comparison of hop count and radio aware path selection protocols in IEEE 802.11s WLAN mesh networks

IEEE 802.11s wireless LAN mesh network technology is the next step in the evolution of wireless architecture. A WLAN mesh network consists of WLAN devices with relay functions that communicate directly. In this type of networks, path selection is based on two protocols: RM-AODV and RAOLSR. These protocols use MAC addresses (layer 2 routing) and use a radio-aware routing metric for the calculation of paths. This paper presents a study of the performance of the proposed path selection algorithms under different scenarios and a comparison with hop count routing protocols AODV and OLSR.
A time series probabilistic synthetic load curve model for residential customers

For the planning and operation of low-voltage systems models of the loads are needed. Little is known about residential loads besides the fact that they have a diverse behavior. This means that each residential load has seldom a maximum demand and the maximum demands of several customers do rarely coincide. As the number of residential customers increases the load curve of the group is becoming smoother.
Prediction of hepatic graft viability before reperfusion: an analysis of effluent from porcine allografts

Rapid and reliable assessment of hepatic graft viability is important for successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). OLTx was performed in 11 pairs of pigs via a venovenous bypass. Six of these grafts were transplanted immediately (group A), while the other five were preserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for 24 h and then transplanted (group B). All grafts were flushed with 300 ml of chilled (4°C) Ringer's lactate solution before reperfusion of the graft, when 20 ml of effluent from the graft was collected and the concentrations of ammonia, lactic acid, GOT, and LDH were measured. Four of the six pigs in group A survived longer than 3 days, while the other two pigs died of causes other than graft dysfunction. All five pigs in group B died either of hemoperitoneum or hemodynamic instability due to liver failure. The histology of postperfusion biopsies in group A showed minimal pathological changes, while the grafts in group B revealed moderate to severe ischemic injuries. Ammonia and lactic acid in the effluent of group B were significantly higher than those of group A (1511±216 vs 417±333 μg/dl and 114.1±12.2 vs 91.4±12.2 mg/dl, respectively; P<0.05 in both cases). Before reperfusion, the rate of total adenine nucleotides in all of the substances in the graft, which were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inversely correlated with the ammonia levels in the effluent. We conclude that an analysis of the effluent, (i.e. the levels of ammonia and lactic acid), flushed from a hepatic graft before reperfusion could serve as a predictor of hepatic graft viability.
Oligopeptide repeats in the yeast protein Sup35p stabilize intermolecular prion interactions

The nuclear‐encoded Sup35p protein is responsible for the prion‐like [PSI+] determinant of yeast, with Sup35p existing largely as a high molecular weight aggregate in [PSI+] strains. Here we show that the five oligopeptide repeats present at the N‐terminus of Sup35p are responsible for stabilizing aggregation of Sup35p in vivo. Sequential deletion of the oligopeptide repeats prevented the maintenance of [PSI+] by the truncated Sup35p, although deletants containing only two repeats could be incorporated into pre‐existing aggregates of wild‐type Sup35p. The mammalian prion protein PrP also contains similar oligopeptide repeats and we show here that a human PrP repeat (PHGGGWGQ) is able functionally to replace a Sup35p oligopeptide repeat to allow stable [PSI+] propagation in vivo. Our data suggest a model in which the oligopeptide repeats in Sup35p stabilize intermolecular interactions between Sup35p proteins that initiate establishment of the aggregated state. Modulating repeat number therefore alters the rate of yeast prion conversion in vivo. Furthermore, there appears to be evolutionary conservation of function of the N‐terminally located oligopeptide repeats in prion propagation.
Reaction-Diffusion Models for Glioma Tumor Growth

Mathematical modelling of tumor growth is one of the most useful and inexpensive approaches to determine and predict the stage, size and progression of tumors in realistic geometries. Moreover, these models has been used to get an insight into cancer growth and invasion and in the analysis of tumor size and geometry for applications in cancer treatment and surgical planning. The present revision attempts to present a general perspective of the use of models based on reaction-diffusion equations not only for the description of tumor growth in gliomas, addressing for processes such as tumor heterogeneity, hypoxia, dormancy and necrosis, but also its potential use as a tool in designing optimized and patient specific therapies.
Practical Nonparametric Statistics

Chapter 7 covers, in depth, density estimators, thresholding, the use of nonlinear density estimators, multivariate wavelets estimators, and multiscale estimators. Chapter 8 provides an overview of Bayesian inference, which makes use of the data and prior information to select a less ad hoc shrinkage procedure for density estimation. Chapter 9 attempts to give an overview of the use of wavelet transform and its properties as applied to stochastic time series. In fact most of the chapter deals with the use of wavelets in estimating spectral densities, and then it briefly mentions the properties of the wavelets spectrum. Of pititular interest are the whitening properties of wavelet transform because they are approximate eigenfunctions to stationary stochastic time series. This is an important property for applied practitioners. I wish the author had expanded on this section and showed the similarity of wavelet transform to principal components analysis. Examples illustrating the use of this property for online modeling and monitoring are also lacking. Chapters 10-l 1 describe the use of wavelets to generate random densities and have references to miscellaneous other statistical applications of wavelets such as turbulence. This is not a book for casual readers of Technometrics as an introductory textbook on wavelets. As the author points out, “This book is aimed at graduate students in statistics or mathematics, and practicing statisticians” and “requires proficiency in advanced calculus. ” For readers meeting these requirements, or those just familiar with wavelet theory, mathematically inclined, and wanting to learn more, the book will be enjoyable and interesting. It is well written and organized with compact derivations and extensive references and can serve as a very good reference on the exciting topic of wavelets.
Expansion and differentiation of haemopoietic progenitor cells on endothelialized hydroxyapatite under static conditions

We have analysed the potential of an endothelialized hydroxyapatite matrix (HAP), a synthetic bone substitute, as a cellularized support for the expansion of haemopoietic progenitor cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the endothelial cells (EC) tended to form a monolayer fitting closely to the matrix, and that the progenitors adhered to the EC layer. Endothelialized HAP supported the proliferation and differentiation of the progenitors with the addition of the exogenous cytokines IL‐1, and IL‐3. The expanded cell population essentially belonged to the myeloid and monocytic lineages, with a smaller percentage of the megakaryocyte lineage. In comparative experiments CD34+ progenitors were expanded on endothelialized tissue culture flasks, and a significant higher viability of the expanded cells was found with the endothelialized HAP. A high percentage (approx. 40%) of mature granulocytes was generated in accordance with the presence of differentiating cytokines such as G‐CSF and GM‐CSF at high concentrations in the coculture medium. Other cytokines that could be detected were IL‐6, M‐CSF, SCF, flt3‐ligand. More than 50% of the expanded cell population was able to phagocytose bacteria and to generate an oxydative burst. These data indicate that cellularized HAP may be a useful matrix for stromal cell‐based expansion systems.