Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Analysis of Mutants of Double-Stranded-RNA Bacteriophage (cid:2) 6 with Altered Packaging Speciﬁcity

The genomes of bacteriophage (cid:1) 6 and its relatives are packaged through a mechanism that involves the recognition and translocation of the three different plus strand transcripts of the segmented double-stranded RNA genomes into preformed polyhedral structures called procapsids or inner cores. This packaging requires hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates and takes place in the order S-M-L. Packaging is dependent on unique sequences of about 200 nucleotides near the 5 (cid:1) ends of plus strand transcripts of the three genomic segments. Changes in the pac sequences lead to loss of packaging ability but can be suppressed by second-site changes in RNA or amino acid changes in protein P1, the major structural protein of the procapsid. It appears that P1 is the determinant of the RNA binding sites, and it is suggested that the binding sites overlap or are conformational changes of the same domains. The genomes of bacteriophage (cid:2) 6 and its relatives are packaged through a mechanism that involves the recognition and translocation of the three different plus strand transcripts of the segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes into preformed polyhedral structures called procapsids or inner cores. This packaging requires hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates and takes place in the order S-M-L (15) (Fig. 1). Minus strand synthesis begins after the completion of plus strand packaging (5). The packaging and replication reactions can be
Recent Insights into β-Carboline Alkaloids with Anticancer Potential

Development of nature inspired new drug molecules through medicinal chemistry approach has a profound success on drug discovery. Efforts of chemists have succeeded in developing semi- synthetic derivatives to dominate the authentic natural product in terms of drug-likeness properties include increased potency, reduced toxicity, and patient compliance. β-carbolines a family of indole-based alkaloids, remained as a privileged scaffold to exhibit anticancer effects through numerous mechanisms. This review inclines the readers towards the ongoing developments (2017-2019) on cytotoxic effects of β-Carboline with a significance on structure based rational drug design, multiparameter lead optimization strategies, relevant SAR studies of this particular framework.
Effectsof PhenylBenzo-y-PyroneDerivatives(Flavonoids)on BloodCellAggregation:Basisfor a Conceptof Modeof Action’

Flavonoids were investigated for activity on blood cell aggregation. A procedure for measuring serial erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was used to test the effect of five flavonoids (hesperidin, quercetin, rutin, tangeretin, and naringin) on aggregation in vitro. The activityof the flavonoids was compared with that of quinine and low molecular weight dextran (LMD), both of which demonstrably decrease blood cell aggregation in vivo and in vitro. At a blood concentration of 50 mol/liter the flavonoids, quinine, and LMD all showed significant effects (P < 0.05) on aggregation, the order of retardation of ESR being rutin <quercetin < LMD < hesperidin <quinine < tangeretin. Naringin-treated blood had a higher ESR than control blood. The effect of flavonoids on blood cell aggregation suggests how they may act against increased capillary permeability and fragility, reduce symptoms in disease,and protect against effects of various traumas and stresess.
Improve Operations of Real-Time Image Classiﬁcation Utilizing Machine Learning and Knowledge Evolution

—This paper delves into the generation and use of image classiﬁcation models in a real-time environment utilizing machine learning. The ImageAI framework is used to generate a list of models from a set of training images and also for classifying new images using the generated models. Through this paper, previous research projects and industry programs are analyzed for design and operation. The basic implementation results in models that classify new images correctly the majority of the time with a high level of conﬁdence. However, almost a quarter of the time the models classify images incorrectly. This paper attempts to improve the classiﬁcation accuracy and improve the operational efﬁciency of the overall system as well.
A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF B IGNONIACEAE 1

Bignoniaceae are woody, trees, shrubs, and lianas found in all tropical ﬂ oras of the world with lesser representation in temperate regions. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast sequences ( rbcL , ndhF , trnL-F ) were undertaken to infer evolutionary relationships in Bignoniaceae and to revise its classiﬁ cation. Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Bignonieae, Catalpeae, Coleeae, Crescentieae, Jacarandeae, Oroxyleae, Tecomeae, Tourrettieae); additional inclusive clades are named informally. Jacarandeae and Catalpeae are resurrected; the former is sister to the rest of the family, and the latter occupies an unresolved position within the “ core ” Bignoniaceae. Tribe Eccremocarpeae is included in Tourrettieae. Past classiﬁ cations recognized a large Tecomeae, but this tribe is paraphyletic with respect to all other tribes. Here Tecomeae are reduced to a clade of approximately 12 genera with a worldwide distribution in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Two large clades, Bignonieae and Crescentiina, account for over 80% of the species in the family. Coleeae and Crescentieae are each included in larger clades, the Paleotropical alliance and Tabebuia alliance, respectively; each alliance includes a grade of taxa assigned to the traditional Tecomeae. Parsimony inference suggests that the family originated in the neotropics, with at least ﬁ ve dispersal events leading to the Old World representatives.
I MPACT OF I NTENTION TO U SE R EUSED W ASTEWATER FOR C OMMUNITY S ATISFACTION IN V IETNAM

The paper aims to evaluate factors according to the planned behavioral theory of the community’s intentional attitude towards wastewater reuse. A huge amount of domestic wastewater will deplete water resources if not treated and reused. The survey results from more than 1000 households in the three major cities of Vietnam (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, and Da Nang) show that the community’s intention is good and all have a positive impact on the people’s satisfaction and water cycle management performance. All five factors: emotion, fairness, health risk, subjective norm, trust, have a positive impact on intention to use reused wastewater. Different from other studies, this research assesses the impact of intention to reuse wastewater on community satisfaction. Previous research showed that health risk negatively influenced intention; this study showed that health risk positively influenced intention and community satisfaction.
Galaxy alignments: Theory, modelling and simulations

The shapes of galaxies are not randomly oriented on the sky. During the galaxy formation and evolution process, environment has a strong influence, as tidal gravitational fields in the large-scale structure tend to align nearby galaxies. Additionally, events such as galaxy mergers affect the relative alignments of both the shapes and angular momenta of galaxies throughout their history. These “intrinsic galaxy alignments” are known to exist, but are still poorly understood. This review will offer a pedagogical introduction to the current theories that describe intrinsic galaxy alignments, including the apparent difference in intrinsic alignment between earlyand late-type galaxies and the latest efforts to model them analytically. It will then describe the ongoing efforts to simulate intrinsic alignments using both N-body and hydrodynamic simulations. Due to the relative youth of this field, there is still much to be done to understand intrinsic galaxy alignments and this review summarises the current state of the field, providing a solid basis for future work. Subject headings: galaxies: evolution; galaxies: haloes; galaxies: interactions; large-scale structure of Universe; gravitational lensing: weak
Bovine herpes virus gD protein produced in plants using a recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector possesses authentic antigenicity

A tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector was utilized for expression of a cytosolic form of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) protein glycoprotein D (gDc). Nicotiana benthamianaplants were harvested 7 days after inoculation with RNA transcripts derived from the TMV-gDc recombinant virus. Recombinant gDc protein of expected electrophoretic mobility accumulated in inoculated leaves to a concentration of about 20 g/g of fresh leaf tissue. Oil-based vaccines were formulated with crude foliar extracts to immunize mice parentally. After a single injection, animals developed a sustained and specific response to both the isolated gD and native virus particles. Cattle vaccinated with the same gDc containing extracts developed specific humoral and cellular immune responses directed against both the viral gD and BHV-1 particles. Most importantly, animals vaccinated with the plant-produced gDc showed good levels of protection after challenge with the virulent BHV-1. Virus excretion was drastically reduced in these animals, reaching levels comparable to animals vaccinated with a commercial BHV-1 vaccine. The positive immunological characterization obtained for the gDc, indicated that an important part of the natural conformation was retained in the plant recombinant protein. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Production and characterization of polyclonal antibody against major capsid protein of Salmonella bacteriophage SE-W109

Salmonella spp . , are important foodborne pathogens that are predominantly found in poultry, swine, eggs and dairy products . Rapid detection of Salmonella contamination in animals and food is urgently needed to reduce the risk of infection . Bacteriophages or phages are viruses that specifically infect and kill bacteria. Our research team at the Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand isolated Salmonella phage SE - W109 that demonstrated a broad host range of infection to various serovars of Salmonella spp . , but that did not cross - react with other Gram - negative bacteria . We then set forth to develop this phage for the rapid detection of Salmonella spp. contamination in food samples . However, to achieve this objective, a polyclonal antibody against Salmonella phage SE - W109 is required . In the present study, an optimization condition for rabbit immunization to generate an anti - phage antibody was successfully developed . Western blot analysis revealed that the generated antibody recognized the 45 kDa antigen of Salmonella phage SE - W109 and that it had no cross - reaction with other Salmonella phages or with Salmonella spp. Mass spectrometry analysis and PCR sequencing revealed the 45 kDa antigen to be a major capsid protein of Salmonella phage SE-W109. In conclusion, we report the protocol for generating a polyclonal antibody against a Salmonella phage and that the main antigen recognized by antiserum is a major capsid protein. The identified antibody will be used for further development of a phage-based method for detection of Salmonella contamination in food samples.
PPAR (cid:1) attenuates the proinﬂammatory response in activated mesangial cells

attenuates the proinﬂammatory response in activated mesangial cells. 2009. activated mesangial cell is an important therapeutic target for the control of glomerulonephritis. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (cid:1) (PPAR (cid:1) ) has attracted considerable attention for its anti-inﬂammatory effects; however, its roles in the mesangial cells remain unknown. To determine the anti-inﬂammatory function of PPAR (cid:1) in mesangial cells, wild-type and Ppara -null cultured mesangial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS treatment caused enhanced proinﬂammatory responses in the Ppara -null cells compared with wild-type cells, as revealed by the induction of interleukin-6, enhanced cell proliferation, and the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)- (cid:2) B signaling pathway. In wild-type cells resistant to inﬂammation, constitutive expression of PPAR (cid:1) was undetectable. However, LPS treatment induced the signiﬁcant appearance and substantial activation of PPAR (cid:1) , which would attenuate the proinﬂammatory responses through its antagonizing effects on the NF- (cid:2) B signaling pathway. The induction of PPAR (cid:1) was coincident with the appearance of (cid:1) -smooth muscle actin, which might be associated with the phenotypic changes of mesangial cells. Moreover, another examination using LPS-in-jected wild-type mice demonstrated the appearance of PPAR (cid:1) -posi-tive cells in glomeruli, suggesting in vivo correlation with PPAR (cid:1) induction. These results suggest that PPAR (cid:1) plays crucial roles in the attenuation of inﬂammatory response in activated mesangial cells. PPAR (cid:1) might be a novel therapeutic target against glomerular dis-eases. analysis. Analysis of signiﬁcant differences re-spect to the interactive effects performed signiﬁcant.
Photosynthetic Pigments of Subtropical Plants Photosynthetic Pigments of Subtropical Plants

This chapter concerns the assessment of environmental and varietal affects on photo - synthetic pigment groups. It is revealed that the dynamics of pigment accumulation in subtropical plants within the conditions of Russia’s damp subtropics is a complex pro- cess and depends on species plants. With this in mind, hazelnut maximum green pigments were achieved in May, and then in August, there was a decline associated with the onset of short periods of drought and increased temperatures. In Actinidia and tea plants, the highest content of green pigments is achieved in August, which is associated with the biology of these crops. However, regardless of species, with the onset of the dry period (July–August), plants increase their accumulation of carotenoids. The high content of carotenoids that accounts for stress during a period of water availability is evi-dence of their participation in the formation mechanism of subtropical plants’ resistance to adverse conditions. their participation in the formation mechanism of resistance of subtropical plants to adverse conditions. Active accumulation of chlorophyll in August is a characteristic feature of all subtropical plants in the conditions of Russia’s damp subtropics, as confirmed by our research. In August installed the optimal hydrothermal and light conditions: a favorable temperature (26–29°С), optimal humidity (in the range of 78–80%), rainfall increases. This leads to a new period of active photosynthetic activity, which causes the synthesis of groups of green pigments.
Clustering European Countries Based on Energy Dependence

The aim of this thesis is to create homogeneous groups of the member states of the European Union based on their energy dependence levels and import dependence, in order to help shape long-term energy policies for the diﬀerent created groups. K-means and K-harmonic means are implemented as Machine learning techniques for clustering the data. Ward’s hierarchical clustering method combined with the squared Euclidean distance as well as the silhouette method are used to determine the optimal number of clusters, that needs to be pre-determined for both algorithms. In contradiction to previous research, we ﬁnd that K-harmonic means is still sensitive to its centre initialization, however, it is less sensitive than K-means, which makes it a more robust clustering algorithm. As a result of the analysis, eight clusters are formed using K-means and thirteen clusters for K-harmonic means. The views stated in this thesis are those of the author and not necessarily those of the supervisor, second assessor, Erasmus School of Economics or Erasmus University Rotterdam.
The Possibility of Big Data Spatio-Temporal Analytics for Understanding Human Behavior and Their Spatial Patterns in Urban Area

The aims of this dissertation are two-fold: first, to develop a comprehensive framework to integrate multiple dimensions and scales, and systematically compare human behavior patterns and current urban form; second, to further the understanding of the role spatial and temporal effects might play in human behavior patterns analyzing. The objective of this dissertation is the application of spatio-temporal analysis employing big data on human behavior patterns for identifying urban problems hidden in current urban form. Under the comprehensive framework, this research will apply some new methods to analyze spatial distribution pattern of urban function and its mixture, spatio-temporal distribution pattern of population and correlation with urban function, spatiotemporal patterns and interactions between subway and taxi ridership. As proved by published research articles, the application of the framework of spatio-temporal analytics employing big data we introduced in this PhD research would focus on two essential aspects of the urban system: urban form and human behaviors. In this dissertation, human behavior refers to the mobility of human beings taking advantage of various transportation modes in urban area, which distribution generates spatial patterns during their daily life. Their spatial patterns can reflect how the mobility of human beings relative to the urban form. We tested human behaviors using their moving tracks recorded in mobile devices and traffic cards, these types of datasets belong to spatio-temporal big data. The analysis results can provide support for planner and designer to find urban problems hidden in current urban form.
Physical and gas permeation properties of five-layer polyethylene film used as greenhouse roof

The effect of sand wind ageing simulation performed under different conditions for a five-layer film consisting of polyethylene, poly-vinyl-acetate and various additives has been investigated. The mechanical properties of the five-layer films after several treatments were evaluated, together with their surface morphology - analysed by using Fourier transform infrared and contact angle - and gas permeation properties. The experimental analysis indicated that these treatments had a significant influence on the surface of the film only. An attempt has been done to compare the properties of the five-layer films with the monolayer and tri-layer films with or without air bubble under similar conditions.
Opportunities and challenges in NGS for diagnosis of rare paediatric diseases

: Introduction: Rare paediatric diseases are clinically severe with high rates of mortality and morbidity. This review outlines how Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)can be used to greatly advance the identification of the underlying genetic causes. Areas Covered: This review is a blend of evidence obtained from literature searches from PubMed and rare disease related websites, laboratory experience and the author’s opinions. The review covers the current state of the field and identifies where the challenges lie and how they are being overcome, using up-to-date references. Expert Opinion: The field of NGS is still relatively new but it has already transformed the field of rare disease research. Technological advances in instrumentation and computational hardware and software have resulted in the identification of many causative genes but as sequencing moves into population-scale initiatives standardisation and data sharing is going to be paramount to ensure we derive the maximum benefit for patients.
E ﬀ ects of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties of Be-Implanted GaN Thin Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

: Wide bandgap III-V compounds are the key materials for the fabrication of short-wavelength optical devices and have important applications in optical displays, optical storage devices and optical communication systems. Herein, the variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements are performed to investigate the thickness and optical properties of beryllium-implanted gallium nitride thin ﬁlms that have been deposited on (0001) sapphire substrates by using low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LPMOCVD). The ﬁlm layer details are described by using Parametric Semiconductor oscillators and Gaussian oscillators in the wavelength range of 200–1600 nm. The thickness, refractive indices and extinction coe ﬃ cients of the Be-implanted ﬁlms are determined at room temperature. Analysis of the absorption coe ﬃ cient shows that the optical absorption edge of Be-implanted ﬁlms changes from 3.328 eV to 3.083 eV in the temperature range of 300–850 K. With the variable temperature, E g is demonstrated to follow the formula of Varshni. A dual-beam ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–VIS) is used to study the crystal quality of samples, indicating that the quality of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) sample is better than that unannealed sample. By transport of ions in matter (TRIM) simulation and SE ﬁtting the depths of Be implanted gallium nitride (GaN) ﬁlms are estimated and in good agreement. The surface and cross-section morphologies are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The surface morphologies and thickness measurements of the samples show that RTA can improve crystal quality, while increasing the thickness of the surface roughness layer due to partial surface decomposition in the process of thermal annealing.
Single-particle relaxation time versus transport scattering time in a two-dimensional graphene layer

We theoretically calculate and compare the single-particle relaxation time ($\tau_s$) defining quantum level broadening and the transport scattering time ($\tau_t$) defining Drude conductivity in 2D graphene layers in the presence of screened charged impurities scattering and short-range defect scattering. We find that the ratio $\tau_t/\tau_s$ increases strongly with increasing $k_F z_i$ and $\kappa$ where $k_F$, $z_i$, and $\kappa$ are respectively the Fermi wave vector, the separation of the substrate charged impurities from the graphene layer, and the background lattice dielectric constant. A critical quantitative comparison of the $\tau_t/\tau_s$ results for graphene with the corresponding modulation-doped semiconductor structures is provided, showing significant differences between these two 2D carrier systems.
Labor market polarization in the U.S.-An empirical approach

Labor market polarization is an ongoing structural change of the U.S. labor market which consists of the “hollowing out” of the wage and skill distribution. This paper examines the effects of this process on individual workers, focusing on the feedback effect from the changes in the labor market aggregates represented by employment-to-population ratios and by the employment shares of the different occupational groups on the transition between unemployment and the three main occupational groups. The main occupational groups defined by skill and wage levels are the routine, non-routine manual and non-routine cognitive occupations. In order to estimate the effects of the aggregates on the individual level, transition probabilities are estimated with logistic regressions. The 1991 and the 2001 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation are used as data source for the analysis, in contrast to most of the literature which uses CPS data. The findings show that polarization was present in the period of the 2001 panel, while it cannot be detected in the 1991 panel. The results suggest that, as expected, the aggregate rates had an effect on the transition toward unemployment in both panels, but they did not influence the movement between the routine, non-routine cognitive and non-routine occupational groups. The results also imply that in the 2001 panel the probability of acquiring a routine job after job change is smaller for those who were employed in any occupational category than for those who were unemployed before the change. This indicates that on the level of individuals the polarization made the direct transition from any job towards the routine occupations more difficult.