Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of floating microspheres of famotidine as a gastro retentive dosage form

different polymers, i.e. acrycoat S100 and cellulose acetate. The size or average diameter (davg) and surface morphology of the prepared microspheres were recognized and characterized by the optical and scanning electron microscopic methods, respectively. In vitro drug release studies were performed and the drug release kinetics were evaluated using the linear regression method. Effects of the stirring rate during preparation, polymer concentration on the size of the microspheres and drug release were also observed.The prepared microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (18 h) and remained buoyant for more than 12 h. The mean particle size increased and the drug release rate decreased at a higher polymer concentration. No significant effect of the stirring rate during preparation on drug release was observed. In vitro studies demonstrated a diffusion-controlled drug release from the microspheres. The objective of the present study was to develop floating microspheres of FM in order to achieve an extended retention in the upper gastrointestinal tract, which may result in enhanced absorption and thereby improved bioavailability. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, in vitro release and buoyancy and incorporation efficiency.The effect of various formulation variables on the size and drug release was investigated. In vitro drug release studies were performed and the drug release kinetics were evaluated using the linear regression method. FM was obtained as a gift sample from Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad, India. Polyvinyl alcohol was obtained from S.D. Fine Chemicals Ltd., Mumbai, India. Dichloromethane, acrycoat S100, cellulose acetate and Tween 80 were obtained from Central Drug House (P) Ltd., Delhi, India. All other chemicals/reagents used were of analytical grade. A UV/visible spectrophotometer was used for drug analysis. Experimental results were expressed as mean ± SD. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to check significant differences in drug release from different formulations. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at P = 3.23, DF = 1, i.e. P < 0.05. The prepared floating microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release, i.e. <18 h, and the floating time was <12 h in 0.1 N HCl.The mean particle size of the prepared floating microspheres increased but the drug release rate from the microspheric-coated layer decreased as the polymer concentration increased. No significant effect of the stirring rate during preparation on drug release was observed. In vitro data obtained for floating microspheres of FM showed excellent floatability, good buoyancy and prolonged drug release. Microspheres of different size and drug content could be obtained by varying the formulation variables. Diffusion was found to be the main release mechanism.Thus, the prepared floating microspheres may prove to be potential candidates for multiple-unit delivery devices adaptable to any intragastric condition.
GENÇ TÜKETİCİLERİN MARKA KİŞİLİĞİ ALGILAMALARININ CİNSİYETE GÖRE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ:MCDONALD’S VE BURGER KING

Gunumuzde marka kisiligi yaratmak isletmelerin en onemli rekabetaraci haline gelmistir. Gecmiste isletmeler icin sadece yeni bir urun yaratmakonemli iken bugun, yeni urun yaratmanin yani sira marka kisiligi olusturmakda onemli hale gelmistir. Tuketiciler, kullandiklari urunler ile kendikisiliklerini ozdeslestirmekte ve kendilerini markalari ile ifade etmektedirler.Guclu bir kisilige sahip marka ile tuketici arasinda kurulan duygusal bag,tuketicinin memnuniyetini arttirmaktadir. Calismada, McDonald’s ve BurgerKing hizli tuketimi restoranlari markalarinin gencler tarafindan cinsiyetegore farkli kisilik ozellikleri ile algilandigini ortaya cikmaktadir. Calismasonucunda, Aaker marka kisiligi olceginin tanimlanmasi yapilmakta veolcegin bundan sonra yapilacak calismalara temel olusturacagidusunulmektedir
SMART GRIDS: A prologue & unscrew challenges that needs to be addressed, A Short Survey on how to make Grids Smarter:

A Smart Grid (SG1 ) is an intellectual and logical electricity network that integrates the actions of all users connected to it and makes use of sophisticated and highly advanced information, control, and communications technologies to save energy, reduce expenditure and increase reliability and transparency. A smart grid can reduce energy cost; it makes energy usage efficient that result in a short term solution for the energy crisis. It also helps the distribution systems for better energy management and control. The field of Information & Communication Technology (ICT4 ) and computer technology can play a major role in this hazardous situation all over the world. This paper presents current research issues and challenges that need to be addressed for reliable, efficient and flexible load distribution (LD2 ) and management for smart grid design. The paper also presents some security & privacy issues that inform the grid station (GS3 ) about consumer’s habits and personnel information. The article also tries to highlight major research issues in smart grid technology, which are helpful for the new researchers to find new research directions in this field & technology.
Rainfall analysis using conventional and non-conventional rainfall information on monthly scale

The aim of this paper is to describe the technique used to create the merged analysis of rainfall over the Indian and adjoining region (1.5o to 35.5o N and 63.5o to 97.5o E). The technique is tested for monthly gridded fields of rainfall for a 2-year monsoon period (2001 and 2003) on a 1o x 1o latitude-longitude grid by merging rainfall estimates from different sources, viz satellite based estimates, rain gauge analysis and numerical weather prediction model rainfall. First, in order to reduce the random error involved in the satellite rainfall estimates and the model predictions, satellite and model estimates are combined linearly based on a maximum likelihood estimate method. In this case the weight for each component is inversely proportional to the squares of the individual random errors. The weight is determined by comparing the components with the concurrent gauge analysis. As the combined analysis contains bias from the individual input data sources, the combined analysis is then blended with the analysis based on gauge observations. It is seen that the merged analysis produced here is closer to the observations than the individual sources. It is observed
Secure Routing Protocol for Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks

The integrated UMTS and WLAN ad hoc networks are getting more and more popular as they hold substantial advantages by next generation networks. We introduce a new secure, robust routing protocol specifically designed for next generation technologies and evaluated its performance. The design of the SNAuth_SPERIPv2 secure routing protocol takes advantage to the integrated network, maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) under Wormhole Attack (WHA). This paper compares performance of newly developed secure routing protocol with other security schemes for CBR video streaming service under WHA.
Characterization of the powder obtained from wasted tires reduced by pyrolysis and thermal shock process

Este articulo se enfoca en la caracterizacion fisicoquimica del polvo solido obtenido directamente de la reduccion de llantas de desecho por medio de las tecnicas de pirolisis y de choque termico. Dos diferentes procesos para reducir las llantas usadas fueron realizados con el objeto de obtener los residuos en polvo para ser caracterizados y comparados. Durante esta investigacion se observaron tres fases cuando la pirolisis era aplicada al hule: la primera, una fase solida negra conformada por compuestos organicos e inorganicos tales como el oxido de zinc (ZnO) y sulfuro de zinc (ZnS); en segundo lugar, una fase gaseosa conteniendo hidrocarbonos (compuestos aromaticos) y finalmente una fase liquida formada de aceites ligeros y pesados. Empleando la tecnica de difraccion de rayos X se determino la relacion entre la temperatura y la presencia de compuestos inorganicos al variar la temperatura de pirolisis. Espectroscopia de infrarrojo, analisis termicos y microscopia electronica de barrido fueron utilizados adicionalmente para caracterizar las muestras. Comparando los resultados observados en ambos procesos, se encontro cierta ventaja de la reduccion por choque termico sobre el pirolitico; por ejemplo, el consumo de energia y la produccion de fase solida; sin embargo, la degradacion pirolitica produce un residuo mas rico en compuestos de carbono.
Minimal surfaces in euclidean 3-space and their mean curvature 1 cousins in hyperbolic 3-space

We show that the Hopf differentials of a pair of isometric cousin surfaces, a minimal surface in euclidean 3-space and a constant mean curvature (CMC) one surface in the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space, with properly embedded annular ends, extend holomorphically to each end. Using this result, we derive conditions for when the pair must be a plane and a horosphere.
The Experiences of Homeschooling Parents When Teaching Mathematics.

This paper compares and contrasts the experiences of two parents who have chosen tohomeschool their children in mathematics despite having difficulties with mathematics atschool themselves. It describes the strategies these two parents used to overcome their lackof content knowledge and/or mathematics anxiety and are illustrative examples of howthese deficits can be overcome with sufficient motivation.
FUNDAMENTAL GENOMIC UNITY OF ETHNIC INDIA IS REVEALED BY ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles of 23 ethnic populations of India drawn from diverse cultural, li n-guistic and geographical backgrounds are presented. There is exten sive sharing of a small number of mtDNA haplotypes, reconstructed on the basis of r es-triction fragment length polymorphisms, among the populations. This indicates that Indian populations were founded by a small number of females, possibly arriving on one of the early waves of out-of-Africa migration of modern humans; ethnic differentiationern Chinaoccurred subsequently through demographic expan-sions and geographic dispersal. The Asian-specific haplogroup M is in high frequency in most popula-tions, especially tribal populations and Dravidian pop u lations of southern India. Populations in which the frequencies of haplogroup M are relatively lower show higher frequencies of haplogroup U ; such pop u-lations are primarily caste popu lations of northern India. This finding is indica tive of a higher Caucasoid admixture in northern Indian populations. By exami n-ing the sharing of haplotypes between Indian and south -east Asian populations, we have provided evi-dence that south -east Asia was pe opled by two waves of migration, one originating in India and the other originating in southern China. These findings have been examined and interpreted in the light of infer-ences derived from previous genomic and historical stu d ies. I
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARRAY BASED TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVISE REPRESENTATION OF FP-TREE USING IAFP-MAX ALGORITHM

The essential aspect of mining association rules is to mine the frequent patterns. Due to intrinsic difficulty it is impossible to mine complete frequent patterns from a dense database. The quantity of mined patterns is generally large and it is firm to understand and utilize them. all frequent patterns are enclosed and compressed to maximal frequent patterns where the memory needed for storing them is smaller than that is required for storing complete patterns. Consequently, mining maximal frequent patterns provides a great value. This paper inorder to improve the structure of traditional FP-Tree presents an effective algorithm called IAFP-max for mining maximal frequent patterns based on improved FP-tree and array technique. The implementation of concept postfix sub- tree in the respective algorithm avoids generating the candidate of maximal frequent patterns in the mining process. Thus it reduces the memory consumed and also uses an array –based technique to the improved FP-Tree to reduce the traverse time. By the practical facts ,it represents that this algorithm overtakes many existing algorithms like MAFIA, Genax and FP max.
Determination of alpha particles concentration in some soil samples and the extent of their impact on health

The radon concentration, the exhalation rates and the radiation exposure from samples of soil collected from different sites at Hebron province in Palestine were measured using the sealed-can technique based on the CR-39 detectors. The total average values of radon concentrations for 0, 20, 40 and 60 cm depths were 294, 357, 433 and 512 Bqm−3, respectively. As expected, our data showed an increase of radon concentration levels with depth. The average values of surface exhalation rates, the effective dose equivalent (Ep), the annual effective dose (HE), the dissolved in soft tissues (Dsoft, tissue) and the dose rate due to alpha-radiation in lung (Dlung) were calculated. The values were found to be within the safe limits as recommended by ICRP and WHO. The results showed that these areas are safe from the health hazard site of view as far as the radon is concerned.
Applications and Benefits for the Development of Cartographic 3D Visualization Systems in support of Maritime Safety

Maritime shipping is among the world’s most important industries and is vital to the global economy. With growing levels of traffic, marine accidents pose a danger to the health and lives of ship crews, the environment, and have a strong impact on the profitability of shipping and port operations. This underlines the urgent need for the development of maritime navigation systems whose objectives will be to contribute to a safer sea. There is a need for more efficient electronic charting and radar display systems for use in navigation, traffic monitoring and pilotage. These improve the level of situational awareness of ship navigators, Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) operators and marine pilots. Cartographic 3-dimensional visualization (3D chart) facilitates fast and accurate understanding of navigational situations in ports and at open sea, decreases mental overload, and minimizes fatigue. This supports better decisions for sailors at sea and maritime authorities in charge of traffic monitoring. This leads to a reduction in human error which is the main cause of marine accidents. This paper presents the latest developments and applications of cartographic 3D visualizations (3D charting) in marine navigation, VTS and pilotage.
Job Mobility in Britain: Are the Scots Different? Evidence from the Bhps

The Scottish extension-sample of the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) is used to shed light on differences in job mobility patterns in England and Scotland for both men and women. Based on probit estimates of the overall mobility rate, a decomposition is applied to distinguish between explained and unexplained differences. Furthermore, exploiting data on the number of job changes, a zero inflated Poisson model is estimated to provide information on possible differences in the expected number of job changes. Overall, there is evidence that suggests significant differences in mobility patterns south and north of the Borders; however, these are confined to men. Yet, whether this suffices to justify a heterogeneous labour market policy for the two countries remains to be seen.
Influence of urbanization on the sensitivity of female adults of the Anopheles gambiae complex to essential oils of some plants from the Littoral region of Cameroon

This study determines the influence of urbanization on vector susceptibility to essential oils of some plants from Cameroon. Essential oils were produced from pericarp of ripe fruits Citrus and fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus, using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Analysis was made by gas chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Sensitivity tests based on the WHO standard protocol were carried out on Ndogbong (urban area) strains of An. coluzzii and Logbessou (poorly urbanized area) strains of An. gambiae. Essential oils from C. grandis, C. limon and C. sinensis were rich in hydrocarbon monoterpenes (91.2%, 91.43% and 94.92% respectively) with limonene as major compound. The oil from C. citratus was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (75.8%), mostly geranial and neral. Sensitivity tests showed that these essential oils have remarkable adulticide properties vis-à-vis the Logbessou strain of An. gambiae. They induced 100% mortality at 50 ppm (C. citratus) and 100 ppm (C. sinensis and C. grandis). However for equal doses, the Ndogbong strain of An. coluzzii proved less sensitive; only essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus resulted in total mortality of this mosquito strain. Urban environment probably reduces the sensitivity of Anopheles mosquitoes to essential oils with low toxicity. However, the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus kept its toxicity vis-à-vis mosquito strains of both areas (50ppm) and should thus be considered in the design of national control programs against vectors.
Searching for a Pathway to Priming Accountants for Ethical Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards: The Core Value Paradigm

The accounting profession has over the years prescribed solutions (via code of professional ethics) to often complex ethical problems. This has left the profession in a state of continued crises of confidence as evidenced by the celebrated fraud cases across jurisdictions. The problem is likely to be more pronounced following the introduction of the principles-based International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). To be effective, ethical reform initiatives should directly address the inner life and character of accountants through education of the right type. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to bring into focus the relevance of Covenant University Core Values in priming accountants for ethical compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards. According to the empirical results of the study(based a cross-sectional sample of stakeholders from the Lagos area of Nigeria) the CU core values paradigm is relevant and effective in priming ethical behaviour. The paradigm offers the right approach as the acquisition of understanding of ethical issues turns away from a focus on the external world of rules to the more holistic approach of internalizing a set of values which ensures that accountants maintain consistent ethical behaviour. Thus, the paper recommends the Covenant University Core Value dimension to learning and teaching as a pedagogical starting point in building ethical behaviour in accountants for compliance with IFRS. However, there are a number of limitations of the study which include small sample size. Further studies that would consider the limitations are recommended. Keywords: Core values, Accounting education, Ethical sensitivity, Priming, International Financial Reporting Standards(IFRS)
The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway

Torbjørn Forseth*, Bjørn T. Barlaup, Bengt Finstad, Peder Fiske, Harald Gjøsæter, Morten Falkegård, Atle Hindar, Tor Atle Mo, Audun H. Rikardsen, Eva B. Thorstad, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad, and Vidar Wennevik Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen, Trondheim N-7485, Norway Uni Research Environment, P.O. Box 7810, Bergen N-5020, Norway Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen N-5817, Norway Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo N-0349, Norway Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, Oslo N-0106, Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: þ47 926 43437; e-mail: torbjorn.forseth@nina.no.
The effects of soil conditions and crop types on diversity of weed communities

The paper presents the diversity of weed communities growing in different crops (winter cereals, spring cereals, and tuber plants) and in diverse soil conditions. To determine weed diversity, phytosociological releves were made. Simpson’s index of dominance and the Shannon index of biodiversity for weed communities in different crops growing in different soil conditions were calculated and compared. The highest values of the Shannon index and the lowest values of Simspon’s index of dominance were obtained for weed communities noted on compacted and semi-compacted soil with the following granulometric composition: silty loam with underlying sand at a depth of 100 cm, heavy silty sandy loam, silt with underlying sand at a depth of 50 cm, and silt with underlying sand at a depth of 100 cm. The highest index of dominance and low species diversity were determined for weed communities in light soils. The Shannon index of biodiversity was moderately positively correlated with soil pH and granulometric composition. Simpson’s index of dominance was moderately negatively correlated with granulometric composition and was weakly correlated with soil pH.
The Role of Kansei Engineering in Influencing Overall Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention in Service Encounters

Customers today concern themselves more on fulfilling their emotional needs rather than rationales and functionalities. In dealing with customer emotions in products/services, Kansei Engineering (KE) is applied. A comprehensive case study in luxury hotels was conducted. Eighty one Indonesian, 75 Singaporean, and 74 Japanese tourists participated in this survey. It aims to investigate the relationships among constructs during service encounter process. The finding shows that emotions (affective process) play a significant role as a complement to cognitive process in influencing customer satisfaction. Among 3 populations, Japanese was found to be more Kansei-oriented customer. Keywords: Kansei Engineering, emotional needs, customer satisfaction
Design and Analysing the Various Parameters of CMOS Circuit's under Bi-Triggering Method Using Cadence Tools

Reducing the power and energy required by the device/circuit to operate is the main aim of this paper. Here the new design is implemented to reduce the power consumption of the device using the triggering pulses. The proposed triggering method uses a complementary MOS transistor (pMOS and nMOS) as a voltage divider and ground leakage suppressor (i.e.); these designs are named as Trig01 and Trig10 designs. In Trig01 design the pair of CMOS is placed in the voltage divider part; similarly in Trig10 design the pair of CMOS is placed at the ground leakage suppressor part. Standard CMOS gates like NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR etc. are designed with these technologies and these gates are designed with 180 nm technology file in the cadence tool suite; compared to the normal CMOS gates, the Bi-Trig gate contains 4 inputs and 2 outputs. The two extra inputs are used as Bi-Trig control signaling inputs. There are 2 control inputs and thus 22 = 4 combination of controlling is done (i.e.); both pMOS and nMOS are ON, both pMOS and nMOS are OFF, pMOS ON and nMOS OFF and pMOS ON and nMOS ON. Depending on the usage of the circuit, the mode of operation is switched to any one of the combination. If the output of the circuit is not used anywhere in the total block, that specified circuit can be switched into idle mode by means of switched OFF both the pMOS and nMOS transistor in the control unit. This reduces the leakage current and also the power wastage of the circuits in the total block. Bi-Trig controlled circuit reduces the power consumption and leakage power of the circuit without affecting a performance of the circuits.