Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TIME-SERIES SPECTROSCOPY OF THE PULSATING ECLIPSING BINARY XX CEPHEI

Oscillating Algol-type eclipsing binaries (oEA) are very interesting objects that have three observational features of eclipse, pulsation, and mass transfer. Direct measurement of their masses and radii from the double-lined radial velocity data and photometric light curves would be the most essential for understanding their evolutionary process and for performing the asteroseismological study. We present the physical properties of the oEA star XX Cep from high-resolution time-series spectroscopic data. The effective temperature of the primary star was determined to be 7946 ± 240 K by comparing the observed spectra and the Kurucz models. We detected the absorption lines of the secondary star, which had never been detected in previous studies, and obtained the radial velocities for both components. With the published BVRI light curves, we determined the absolute parameters for the binary via Wilson–Devinney modeling. The masses and radii are M 1 = 2.49 ± 0.06 M ⊙ ? > , M 2 = 0.38 ± 0.01 M ⊙ ? > , R 1 = 2.27 ± 0.02 R ⊙ ? > , and R 2 = 2.43 ± 0.02 R ⊙ ? > , respectively. The primary star is about 45 % ? > more massive and 60 % ? > larger than the zero-age main sequence stars with the same effective temperature. It is probably because XX Cep has experienced a very different evolutionary process due to mass transfer, contrasting with the normal main sequence stars. The primary star is located inside the theoretical instability strip of δ Sct-type stars on the HR diagram. We demonstrated that XX Cep is an oEA star, consisting of a δ Sct-type pulsating primary component and an evolved secondary companion.
Convergent evolution of the gut microbiome in marine carnivores

Abstract The gut microbiome can help the host adapt to a variety of environments and is affected by many factors. Marine carnivores have unique habitats in extreme environments. The question of whether marine habitats surpass phylogeny to drive the convergent evolution of the gut microbiome in marine carnivores remains unanswered. In the present study, we compared the gut microbiomes of 16 species from different habitats. Principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) separated three groups according to their gut microbiomes: marine carnivores, terrestrial carnivores, and terrestrial herbivores. The alpha diversity and niche breadth of the gut microbiome of marine carnivores were lower than those of the gut microbiome of terrestrial carnivores and terrestrial herbivores. The gut microbiome of marine carnivores harbored many marine microbiotas, including those belonging to the phyla Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and the genus Peptoclostridium. Collectively, these results revealed that marine habitats drive the convergent evolution of the gut microbiome of marine carnivores. This study provides a new perspective on the adaptive evolution of marine carnivores.
A correlation between SN II metal line strength and host H ii region oxygen abundance

Abstract Dessart et al., demonstrated that type II supernova (SN II) model spectra present increasing metal line strength with increasing progenitor metallicity. To confront these models with observations, we obtained a large sample of SN II host H ii region emission line spectroscopy. We show that inferred SN II host H ii region metallicities have a statistically significant correlation with the strength of SN II metal lines, specifically Fe ii 5018Å.
Wrapping probabilities for Potts spin clusters on a torus

In this work we obtain wrapping probabilities for Ising spin clusters on a torus. We use the analogy with the tricritical point of a Potts model with dilution. The formula obtained are tested against numerical simulation. We also provide closed form for the wrapping probabilities of cross clusters on untwisted tori.
Adaptation of the STRiDE dementia survey into the Indonesian context in North Sumatra

Background: North Sumatra is one of two provinces in Indonesia in which the prevalence and costs of care of dementia has been completed as part of the STrengthening Responses to dementia In Developing countries (STRiDE) program. The toolkit used in the study was developed in English and thus needed to be cross-culturally adapted into Bahasa Indonesia. Part of this process involved pre-testing as a way to maximize the cultural appropriateness of the toolkit, especially in a multi- ethnic province like North Sumatra. Here we report the adaptation process. Methods: The translated toolkit consisted of measures needed within the prevalence survey in North Sumatra. This included cognitive, functional and quality of life measures aimed at older adults and their informants (i.e., family member). The interviewer asked each component of the toolkit in full, making notes on certain questions or items that need to be clarified or rephrased for the participants. Any specific difficulty in understanding the translated sentence or any items that were culture inappropriate were also noted. Data included observation, interviews, verbatim quotes which were constructed in the form of field- notes. Results: Several questions and items needed to be paraphrased to achieve greater clarity and make sure that they were in line with the original meanings. This was mainly due to the translatability of the word from the source language to the target language with errors that could be linguistic or cultural. Translating a text from English to Bahasa Indonesia and vice versa may be affected because of the different ways of ellipsis, which is a phenomenon of missing phrasal components, operated in both languages. Although the respondents belonged to different ethnic groups, cultural background did not affect the way they responded to the questions. Conclusion: Cross-cultural adaptation and pre-testing process played an important role to ensure the toolkit measured and was interpreted as it was originally intended. The STRIDE toolkit was generally accepted and understood, although several items need further explanation or examples.
Prediction by linear regression on a quantum computer

We give an algorithm for prediction on a quantum computer which is based on a linear regression model with least-squares optimization. In contrast to related previous contributions suffering from the problem of reading out the optimal parameters of the fit, our scheme focuses on the machine-learning task of guessing the output corresponding to a new input given examples of data points. Furthermore, we adapt the algorithm to process nonsparse data matrices that can be represented by low-rank approximations, and significantly improve the dependency on its condition number. The prediction result can be accessed through a single-qubit measurement or used for further quantum information processing routines. The algorithm's runtime is logarithmic in the dimension of the input space provided the data is given as quantum information as an input to the routine.
GAS CLUMPING IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF ΛCDM CLUSTERS

Recent Suzaku X-ray observations revealed that the observed entropy profile of the intracluster medium (ICM) deviates significantly from the prediction of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters. In this work, we show that gas clumping introduces significant biases in X-ray measurements of the ICM profiles in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. Using hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation in a concordance ΛCDM model, we demonstrate that gas clumping leads to an overestimate of the observed gas density and causes flattening of the entropy profile. Our results suggest that gas clumping must be taken into account when interpreting X-ray measurements of cluster outskirts.
The log‐power‐normal distribution is the exponentiated lognormal distribution

We point out that the log‐power‐normal distribution introduced in Martínez‐Flórez, Bolfarine and Gómez [Environmetrics, 25, 2014, 44‐56] is the exponentiated lognormal distribution known since 2006. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is employed to support critically ill COVD-19 patients. The occurrence of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), as well as the implementation of anticoagulation strategies under the dual influence of ECMO and COVID-19 remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the ischemic stroke, ICH and overall in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO and summarize the anticoagulation regimens. Methods EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for studies examining ischemic stroke, ICH, and mortality in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO. The outcomes were incidences of ischemic stroke, ICH, overall in-hospital mortality and anticoagulation regimens. We calculated the pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to summarize the results. Results We analyzed 12 peer-reviewed studies involving 6039 COVID-19 patients. The incidence of ischemic stroke had a pooled estimate of 2.2% (95% CI: 1.2%–3.2%). The pooled prevalence of ICH was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.3%–9.6%). The pooled estimate of overall in-hospital mortality was 40.3% (95% CI: 33.1%–47.5%). The occurrence of ICH was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO than in other respiratory ECMO [relative risk=1.75 (95% CI: 1.00–3.07)]. Unfractionated heparin was the most commonly used anticoagulant, and anticoagulation monitoring practice varied among centers. Conclusions Ischemic stroke and ICH were common under the double “hit” of COVID-19 and ECMO. The prevalence of ICH was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO than non-COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO. Individualized anticoagulation regimens may be a good choice to balance thrombosis and bleeding. More detailed research and further exploration are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism and clinical management decisions.
PUNAF: Stata module to compute population attributable fractions for cohort studies

punaf calculates confidence intervals for population attributable fractions, and also for scenario means and their ratio, known as the population unattributable fraction. punaf can be used after an estimation command whose predicted values are interpreted as conditional arithmetic means, such as logit, logistic, poisson, or glm. It estimates the logs of two scenario means, the baseline scenario ("Scenario 0") and a fantasy scenario ("Scenario 1"), in which one or more exposure variables are assumed to be set to particular values (typically zero), and any other predictor variables in the model are assumed to remain the same. It also estimates the log of the ratio of the Scenario 1 mean to the Scenario 0 mean. This ratio is known as the population unattributable fraction, and is subtracted from 1 to derive the population attributable fraction, defined as the proportion of the mean of the outcome variable attributable to living in Scenario 0 instead of Scenario 1.
Measurement of the axial vector mass in neutrino-Carbon interactions at K2K

The nucleon weak axial‐vector form factor for quasielastic interactions is determined from the analysis of neutrino‐Carbon interactions in the K2K detector fully active SciBar tracking calorimeter. The analysis consists on a fit to the four‐momentum squared, Q2 = −q2 = (Pμ−Pν)2, of the quasi elastic reaction νμn→μ−p, induced by the neutrino interactions on the Carbon nuclei. The axial‐vector form factor can be approximated by a dipole with the axial‐vector mass as a free parameter, with a best fit for MA = 1.144±0.077(fit)−0.072+0.078(syst).
Radio Astronomy in LSST Era

A community meeting on the topic of "Radio Astronomy in the LSST Era" was hosted by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville, VA (2013 May 6--8). The focus of the workshop was on time domain radio astronomy and sky surveys. For the time domain, the extent to which radio and visible wavelength observations are required to understand several classes of transients was stressed, but there are also classes of radio transients for which no visible wavelength counterpart is yet known, providing an opportunity for discovery. From the LSST perspective, the LSST is expected to generate as many as 1 million alerts nightly, which will require even more selective specification and identification of the classes and characteristics of transients that can warrant follow up, at radio or any wavelength. The LSST will also conduct a deep survey of the sky, producing a catalog expected to contain over 38 billion objects in it. Deep radio wavelength sky surveys will also be conducted on a comparable time scale, and radio and visible wavelength observations are part of the multi-wavelength approach needed to classify and understand these objects. Radio wavelengths are valuable because they are unaffected by dust obscuration and, for galaxies, contain contributions both from star formation and from active galactic nuclei. The workshop touched on several other topics, on which there was consensus including the placement of other LSST "Deep Drilling Fields," inter-operability of software tools, and the challenge of filtering and exploiting the LSST data stream. There were also topics for which there was insufficient time for full discussion or for which no consensus was reached, which included the procedures for following up on LSST observations and the nature for future support of researchers desiring to use LSST data products.
Evolution of 3-9 M☉ Stars for Z = 0.001-0.03 and Metallicity Effects on Type Ia Supernovae

Recent observations have revealed that Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are not perfect standard candles; they show variations in their absolute magnitudes, light-curve shapes, and spectra. The C/O ratio in the SNe Ia progenitors (C-O white dwarfs) may be related to this variation. In this work, we systematically investigate the effects of stellar mass (M) and metallicity (Z) on the C/O ratio and its distribution in the C-O white dwarfs by calculating stellar evolution from the main sequence through the end of the second dredge-up for M=3-9 M☉ and Z=0.001-0.03. We find that the total carbon mass fraction just before SN Ia explosion varies in the range 0.36-0.5. We also calculate the metallicity dependence of the main-sequence mass range of the SN Ia progenitor white dwarfs. Our results show that the maximum main-sequence mass to form C-O white dwarfs decreases significantly toward lower metallicity, and the number of SN Ia progenitors may be underestimated if metallicity effect is neglected. We discuss the implications of these results on the variation of SNe Ia, determination of cosmological parameters, luminosity function of white dwarfs, and galactic chemical evolution.
Application Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Image Processing

Due to the rapid development of information, the image recognition method based on the artificial intelligence algorithm has been applied to many application fields. As the product of modern information technology, the image recognition method based on the artificial intelligence algorithm is also a significant and pioneering research topic. With the development of digital image processing technology and the updating of computer electronic products, digital image processing technology has been applied to various fields and has made great contributions to the progress of science and technology and the development of productivity. Image processing methods cover a wide range of application fields, including image conversion, restoration, separation, enhancement and matching, and classification. In order to explore the application of the AI algorithm in image processing, on the basis of the latest BAS algorithm discovered recently, we have established a brand-new hybrid intelligent algorithm BAS based on C as computing, which is applied to multiple image processing fields and achieves good optimization results. Studying the problems and future development directions in the application is conducive to promoting such development of image recognition technology and is conducive to applying image recognition technology to more fields.
The probability distribution functions of emission line flux measurements and their ratios

Many physical parameters in astrophysics are derived using the ratios of two observed quantities. If the relative uncertainties on measurements are small enough, uncertainties can be propagated analytically using simplifying assumptions, but for large normally distributed uncertainties, the probability distribution of the ratio become skewed, with a modal value offset from that expected in Gaussian uncertainty propagation. Furthermore, the most likely value of a ratio A/B is not equal to the reciprocal of the most likely value of B/A. The effect is most pronounced when the uncertainty on the denominator is larger than that on the numerator. We show that this effect is seen in an analysis of 12 126 spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The intrinsically fixed ratio of the [O III] lines at 4959 and 5007 A is conventionally expressed as the ratio of the stronger line to the weaker line. Thus, the uncertainty on the denominator is larger, and non-Gaussian probability distributions result. By taking this effect into account, we derive an improved estimate of the intrinsic 5007/4959 ratio. We obtain a value of 3.012 ± 0.008, which is slightly but statistically significantly higher than the theoretical value of 2.98. We further investigate the suggestion that fluxes measured from emission lines in noisy spectra are strongly biased upwards. We were unable to detect this effect in the SDSS line flux measurements, and we could not reproduce the results of Rola and Pelat who first described this bias. We suggest that the magnitude of this effect may depend strongly on the specific fitting algorithm used.
Thematic Analysis of Laxmi Prasad Devkota’s Poem “The Lunatic”

A literary text can be analyzed through numerous perspectives, and a thematic analysis stands as one of the perennial perspectivespractised in analyzing poetry. This perspective embraces a qualitative research method that is used for exploring and interpreting patterned meaning across datasets. This article makes an effort to explore pertinent themes in Devkota’s tough philosophical poem “The Lunatic”. This articlewriter employs an inductive approach to analyze the poem. The inductive approach involves deriving meaning and creating themes from data without any preconceptions. This article, which makes use of words, phrases and verse lines mustered from the poem as qualitative datasets, winds up with the rebellion against inhumanity as one of the most prominent themes of the poem. This article will be utterly significant to the teachers and the students of literature.
Multiwavelength temporal variability of the blazar 3C 454.3 during 2014 activity phase

We present a multi-wavelength temporal analysis of the blazar 3C 454.3 during the high $\gamma$-ray active period from May-December, 2014. Except for X-rays, the period is well sampled at near-infrared (NIR)-optical by the \emph{SMARTS} facility and the source is detected continuously on daily timescale in the \emph{Fermi}-LAT $\gamma$-ray band. The source exhibits diverse levels of variability with many flaring/active states in the continuously sampled $\gamma$-ray light curve which are also reflected in the NIR-optical light curves and the sparsely sampled X-ray light curve by the \emph{Swift}-XRT. Multi-band correlation analysis of this continuous segment during different activity periods shows a change of state from no lags between IR and $\gamma$-ray, optical and $\gamma$-ray, and IR and optical to a state where $\gamma$-ray lags the IR/optical by $\sim$3 days. The results are consistent with the previous studies of the same during various $\gamma$-ray flaring and active episodes of the source. This consistency, in turn, suggests an extended localized emission region with almost similar conditions during various $\gamma$-ray activity states. On the other hand, the delay of $\gamma$-ray with respect to IR/optical and a trend similar to IR/optical in X-rays along with strong broadband correlations favor magnetic field related origin with X-ray and $\gamma$-ray being inverse Comptonized of IR/optical photons and external radiation field, respectively.
Hydrodynamics in a black brane with hyperscaling violation metric background

In this paper we consider a metric with hyperscaling violation on a black brane background. In this background we calculate the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density with hydrodynamics information. The calculation of this quantity leads us to a constraint on θ as 3 ≤ θ < 4, and θ ≤ 0. In that case we show that the quantity η/s is not dependent on hyperscaling violation parameter θ. Our results about ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density from the QCD point of view agree with other works in the literature as 1/4π.
Analysis of Solar Neutrino Data from SuperKamiokande I and II: Back to the Solar Neutrino Problem

We are going back to the roots of the original solar neutrino problem: analysis of data from solar neutrino experiments. The application of standard deviation analysis (SDA) and diffusion entropy analysis (DEA) to the SuperKamiokande I and II data reveals that they represent a non-Gaussian signal. The Hurst exponent is different from the scaling exponent of the probability density function and both Hurst exponent and scaling exponent of the probability density function of the SuperKamiokande data deviate considerably from the value of 0.5 which indicates that the statistics of the underlying phenomenon is anomalous. To develop a road to the possible interpretation of this finding we utilize Mathai's pathway model and consider fractional reaction and fractional diffusion as possible explanations of the non-Gaussian content of the SuperKamiokande data.
Antibiotic Antibiogram in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in Nephrology Unit of South Waziristan

Objectives To evaluate the antibiotic antibiogram in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) presenting to a Nephrology unit of South Waziristan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Sholam, South Waziristan. The study included all patients who presented with cUTIs and the symptoms included urinary urgency, hematuria, dysuria, suprapubic discomfort, and increased frequency. Those patients with clinical manifestations but are on antibiotics within the past five days were excluded. Results A total of 158 patients were included in the study with 113 (71.5%) females and 45 (28.5%) males. A total of 95 (60%) cases had gram-negative microbes, 47 (30%) had gram-positive cocci, and 16 (10%) had candida infection. In our study, the highly prevalent uropathogenic gram-positive bacteria showed the highest sensitivity to Linezolid, Rifampicin, and Vancomycin. Methicillin-resistant staph aureus was detected in 25% of isolates. All isolates of candida were sensitive to fluconazole. Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The development of bacterial resistance against multiple antibiotics is a global crisis that restricts the drug of choice for the treatment of cUTIs. In our study, we showed that overall, E.coli (gram negative) and S. Aureus (gram-positive) showed variable resistance to many antibiotics including ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and clindamycin.