Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nonparametric LAN expansion for discretely observed diffusions

Consider a scalar reflected diffusion $(X_t)_{t\geq 0}$, where the unknown drift function $b$ is modelled nonparametrically. We show that in the low frequency sampling case, when the sample consists of $(X_0,X_\Delta,.,X_{n\Delta})$ for some fixed sampling distance $\Delta>0$, the model satisfies the local asymptotic normality (LAN) property, assuming that $b$ satisfies some mild regularity assumptions. This is established by using the connections of diffusion processes to elliptic and parabolic PDEs. The key tools will be regularity estimates from the theory of parabolic PDEs as well as a detailed analysis of the spectral properties of the elliptic differential operator related to $(X_t)_{t\geq 0}$.
Accounting for the Current Account Behavior in ASEAN-5

Current account are an endogenous variable that contain information about the behavior of the economics agents and is important for economic policymaking as it gives a broad reflection of the stance of macroeconomics policies. The imbalances in current account are a reflection of the forward-looking, dynamic saving and investment decisions in the intertemporal approach to current account modeling. This study empirically analyzed the anatomy of the dynamic current account behavior for the ASEAN-5 countries using present value model. Despite the simplicity, the statistical computations suggest that the agents behave as the forward-looking rational agents in the face of the shocks in the three out of five economies. This implies that the current account acts as a buffer to smooth the consumption in the presence of shock and optimally smoothing its consumption path for these countries.
LOCAL AND GLOBAL INSTABILITIES IN SPATIALLY DEVELOPING FLOWS

The goal of this survey is to review recent developments in the hydro­ dynamic stability theory of spatially developing flows pertaining to absolute/convective and local/global instability concepts. We wish to dem­ onstrate how these notions can be used effectively to obtain a qualitative and quantitative description of the spatio-temporal dynamics of open shear flows, such as mixing layers, jets, wakes, boundary layers, plane Poiseuille flow, etc. In this review, we only consider open flows where fluid particles do not remain within the physical domain of interest but are advected through downstream flow boundaries. Thus, for the most part, flows in "boxes" (Rayleigh-Benard convection in finite-size cells, Taylor-Couette flow between concentric rotating cylinders, etc.) are not discussed. Further­ more, the implications of local/global and absolute/convective instability concepts for geophysical flows are only alluded to briefly. In many of the flows of interest here, the mean-velocity profile is non-
The enigmatic brown dwarf candidate [KG2001] 102 in the Chamaeleon I cloud: Is it a multiple system?

We present deep IJHK s and H2 images of a region in the Chamaeleon I dark cloud containing the very low-mass young object (KG2001)102, in an attempt to search for multiplicity and molecular outflow in the vicinity of this object. No low- velocity shocked structures were detected in our H2 image. The broad-band and narrow-band images show that (KG2001)102 is composed of four objects within a radius of ∼2 �� . The brightest component (KG2001)102 A shows near-IR excess emission and its mass is estimated to be in the range 33 to 55 MJup, depending on which model is adopted. Red spectra were obtained of the two fainter components B and C. The spectrum of the former suggests a K7V spectral type while the spectrum of component C is too noisy to allow a reliable classification but rules out a late M-type. The three faint components (B, C and D) have IJHK colors that suggest a much later spectral type, with extinctions similar to other members of the cloud. The computed probability of randomly finding a pair of field stars like (KG2001)102 AB is 1.5 × 10 −3 while for a triple optical system like (KG2001)102 ABC, it would be 3.8 × 10 −5 and more than an order of magnitude lower for finding a quadruple system like this
Probing the Upper Scorpius mass function in the planetary-mass regime

We present the results of a deep ZYJ near-infrared survey of 13.5 deg 2 in the Upper Scorpius (USco) OB association. We photometrically selected ∼100 cluster member candidates with masses in the range of 30–5 Jupiters, according to state-of-the-art evolutionary models. We identified 67 ZYJ candidates as bona fide members, based on complementary photometry and astrometry. We also extracted five candidates detected with Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy at YJ only. One is excluded using deep optical z -band imaging, while two are likely non-members, and three remain as potential members. We conclude that the USco mass function is more likely decreasing in the planetary-mass regime (although a flat mass function cannot yet be discarded), consistent with surveys in other regions.
Genetic parameter estimation to milk yield and fat and protein yield deviated from 3% of concentration in milk, in dairy herds of southern Chile

espanolRESUMEN: En Chile la industria esta dando senales claras al productor lechero al otorgar una importante ponderacion al contenido de solidos lacteos en la determinacion del precio de la leche cruda. Para este efecto se definio como “litro base” a un litro de leche con contenidos de 3,0% de grasa y 3,0% de proteina. Sobre dicha base, cada kilogramo de ambos solidos recibe una valoracion adicional, constituyendose asi nuevas caracteristicas composicionales que deben ser estudiadas. En este estudio se estimaron parametros geneticos para produccion de leche y produccion de grasa y proteina sobre 3% de concentracion en leche, a partir de 64.029 lactancias provenientes de 24 rebanos de la Region de Los Rios en el sur de Chile. Se utilizo un modelo mixto multivariado resuelto con metodologia BLUP. Los componentes de varianza fueron estimados usando los programas computacionales AIREMLF90 y VCE. Las heredabilidades estimadas para volumen de leche y produccion de grasa y proteina sobre el 3,0% fueron 0,16±0,004, 0,44±0,007 y 0,42±0,006, respectivamente. Las correlaciones geneticas entre produccion de leche y produccion de grasa y proteina sobre 3% fueron -0,285, -0,331, respectivamente. Se concluye que existe variabilidad genetica para las dos nuevas caracteristicas creadas por la industria compradora de leche y que la seleccion genetica deberia hacerse basada en valores geneticos estimados para estas. EnglishABSTRACT: Chilean milk processing industry is providing clear signs to milk farmers regarding the significant importance of milk solids within raw milk payment schemes. A litre of milk containing 3% of fat and 3% of protein is defined as a basic litre and, each additional kilo of fat and/or protein receives an extra payment. These are new production traits which must be researched on. In this study, 64,029 lactations, on 24 Region de Los Rios at Southern of Chile herds, were used. Genetic parameters for milk yield and fat and protein above 3% yield were estimated. A multiple trait linear model, solved by BLUP methodology, was used. Variance components were estimated using AIREMLF90 and VCE software. Estimated heritability for milk yield, and fat and protein above 3% yield were 0.16±0.004, 0.44±0.007 and 0.42±0.006, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations were -0.285 and -0.331 between milk yield and fat and protein above 3% yield, respectively. It is concluded that there exist genetic variation for the two new traits proposed by the Chilean milk processing industry and, genetic selection for these traits should be done based on their estimated breeding values. However these two traits, plus milk yield, should be included in a selection index to account for the negative genetic correlations among them and minimise selection against milk yield.
Mini-review: Formation, antibiotic resistance and clinical outcome of infections associated with small colony variants of staphylococci

Small colony variants (SCVs) comprise a slow-growing subpopulation of bacteria with distinctive phenotypic and pathogenic traits and reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis can form a subpopulation of bacteria known as SCVs. Phenotypically these variants characterized by slow growth, reduced pigmentation, changed pattern of carbohydrate utilization, changes in virulence factor expression, and ability to revert to the normal phenotype. This multifarious phenotype can be explained by deficiencies in electron transport. In clinical staphylococci isolates, SCV phenotype is mostly due to mutations in hemin, menadione or thymidine genes. The recovery of SCVs from clinical materials was described early at the beginning of the last century. However, the relationship of these variants with chronic, persistent and recurring infections such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis and cystic fibrosis patients and soft-tissue infection was only described in the past three decades. To genetically study SCVs that switching with high frequency to normal phenotype, a stable mutant in electron transport was generated by interrupting one of the hemin biosynthetic genes, hemB, in both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The S. aureus mutant exhibited characteristics typical of clinical SCVs such as slow growth, colorless, low coagulase activity, reduced hemolytic activity, and resistance to aminoglycosides. Furthermore, the mutant was able to persist within cultured endothelial cells due to depressed α-cytotoxin activity. Similarly the S. epidermidis mutant showed these typical characteristics of clinical SCVs plus its ability to build a dense biofilm layers that make the eradication of this bacteria very difficult, especially in implant-associated infections. It was suggested that the intracellular location of this subpopulation might shield these variants from host defenses and antibiotics, thus providing one explanation for the difficulty in removing SCVs from host tissues. Hence, a defect in the electron-transport system allows SCVs to resist aminoglycosides and persist intracellularly in endothelial cells. Due to their slow growth characteristics, SCVs can be missed, misidentified or overgrowth by other bacteria in the clinical laboratory. So, any persistent infection that is difficult to treat should be carefully searched by clinicians and laboratory staff for this subpopulation of staphylococci.
Radiative transfer modelling of interstellar clouds

Almost all information on astrophysical objects is obtained through observation of electromagnetic radiation. The observed radiation has been altered in interactions with matter, and understanding the transport of radiation is a key prerequisite for understanding the physical conditions in the observed objects. The transport of radiation is described by the radiative transfer equation. Owing to its complex nature, solving the radiative transfer equation is difficult, and it is usually necessary to resort to numerical calculations. In this thesis, the focus is on the modelling of radiation transport in interstellar clouds. The dense gas and dust in interstellar clouds scatter, absorb, and emit radiation, and understanding the radiative transfer effects is crucial in the interpretation of observations. Four of the five articles that are contained in this thesis concern various applications of radiative transfer modelling. Two articles focus on the modelling of spectral line radiation. We study the use of OH Zeeman splitting observations in the determination of magnetic field strengths in molecular clouds. The role of magnetic fields in the process of star formation is still largely an open question with two competing models: the turbulence dominated scenario where magnetic fields are weak, and the ambipolar diffusion driven model with stronger magnetic fields. By combining magneto-hydrodynamical calculations with radiative transfer simulations, we show that the turbulence dominated scenario is consistent with the observed magnetic field strengths. Two articles concern the dust radiative transfer. We study the dust density distribution and grain properties in the dust envelope surrounding the carbon star IRC +10 216. By modelling the surface brightness distribution of the scattered light in the dust envelope, we can infer the mass-loss history of the star and improve models of newly formed dust grains. In another article we use magneto-hydrodynamical calculations and radiative transfer simulations to study the reliability of cloud core mass estimates. Observations of dust thermal emission at the far-infrared and submillimetre wavelengths are commonly used to determine the masses of molecular cloud cores. By constructing synthetic observations of a model cloud and comparing the estimated masses to the true masses that are obtained directly from the cloud model, we can determine the robustness of mass estimates. Instead of focusing on the applications of radiative transfer modelling, one article describes new numerical methods for efficient radiative transfer simulations. We describe new algorithms for radiative transfer on hierarchical grids. The new algorithms, in particular the use of sub-iterations, are faster by a factor of several compared to the old methods.
CELL SEGMENTATION IN CANCER HISTOPATHOLOGY IMAGES USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS by VISWANATHAN KAVASSERY RAJALINGAM

CELL SEGMENTATION IN CANCER HISTOPATHOLOGY IMAGES USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS VISWANATHAN KAVASSERY RAJALINGAM, M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2016 Supervising Professor: Dr. Junzhou Huang Cancer, the second most dreadful disease causing large scale deaths in humans is characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells in the human body and the ability of those cells to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites. The major proportion of deaths in cancer is due to improper primary diagnosis that raises the need for Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD). Digital Pathology is a technique that acts as second set of eyes to radiologists in delivering expert level preliminary diagnosis for cancer patients. Cell segmentation is a challenging step in digital pathology that identifies cell regions from micro-slide images and is fundamental for further process like classifying sub-type of tumors or survival prediction. Current techniques of cell segmentation rely on hand crafted features that are dependable on factors like image intensity, shape features, etc. Such computer vision based approaches have two main drawbacks: 1) these techniques might require several manual parameters to be set for accurate segmentation that puts burden on the radiologists. 2) Techniques based on shape or morphological features cannot be generalized as different types of cancer cells are highly asymmetric and irregular.
Quantum phases emerging from competing short-and long-range interactions in an optical lattice

This thesis reports on an experiment entering a new regime for strongly correlated manybody physics with ultracold atoms. Up to now, these experiments have mostly been limited to on-site interactions, realized by loading atoms into optical lattices or by means of Feshbach resonances. We realize a novel quantum system, where the physics is dominated by the competition between interactions acting on two different length scales. Short-range interactions are controlled via the confinement of atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Long-range interactions are established between the bosonic atoms by exploiting the strong matter-light coupling inside a high-finesse optical cavity and independently controlled by tuning the cavity resonance. We map out a phase diagram by tuning the interaction energies with respect to the kinetic energy of the particles, for different relative strength of shortand long-range interactions. The measured phase diagram contains four distinct phases a superfluid, a supersolid, a charge density wave and a Mott insulating phase. When probing the phase transition between the Mott insulator and the charge density wave phase in real-time, we discovered a hysteretic behavior reminiscent of a first order phase transition. To characterize the properties of the observed quantum phases, we have developed a nondestructive, real-time method probing the dynamic structure factor. This powerful quantity carries the complete information about the spectrum of emergent quasi-particles in a system, including their excitation energy, lifetime and mean occupation number. Our measurement technique is based on inelastic scattering of photons, stimulated by the enhanced vacuum field inside the cavity. By analyzing the cavity field spectrum, we extract the density fluctuations, their energy and lifetime while the system undergoes a superfluid to supersolid phase transition. The quasi-particle energy reveals the roton-type mode softening, expected for long-range interacting quantum systems. We furthermore find an occupation of the relevant quasi-particle mode on the level of single quanta, caused by the open character of the system. While the natural dissipation channel of the cavity allows us to monitor the dynamic structure factor, it couples the system simultaneously to a bath of electromagnetic vacuum modes. As we capture in a theoretical model for the dissipative quantum many-body system, a steady state with enhanced fluctuations is hereby reached. Indeed, we experimentally find an increased magnitude of the fluctuations and a changed critical exponent on both sides of the phase transition with respect to predictions for the closed system. This work opens the field of ultracold atoms to studies of competing orders on different length scales beyond what is possible in condensed matter systems. The experiments demonstrate the capability of a many-body system coupled to an optical cavity for both the implementation and non-destructive real-time probing of quantum many-body phases.
Formulation of synthesized zinc oxide nanopowder into hybrid beads for dye separation

The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polymer blend to fabricate novel biocomposite beads. Various physicochemical characterization techniques have been utilized to identify the crystalline, morphological, and chemical structures of both the fabricated zinc oxide hybrid beads and their corresponding zinc oxide nanopowder. The thermal stability investigations demonstrate that ZnO nanopowder stability dramatically decreased with its immobilization into the polymeric alginate and PVA matrix. The formulated beads had very strong mechanical strength and they are difficult to be broken up to 1500 rpm. Moreover, these hybrid beads are chemically stable at the acidic media (pH < 7) especially within the pH range of 2–7. Finally, the applicability of the formulated ZnO hybrid beads for C.I. basic blue 41 (BB41) decolorization from aqueous solution was examined.
Electro-mechanical Hybrid PLL

This paper describes the design of a double Phase-Locked Loop system that utilizes a MEMS VCO, whose frequency is controlled by means of DC bias. System-level considerations are given for the use of such structure in temperature compensation mechanism for MEMS reference oscillators. A prototype structure (excluding MEMS VCO) has been implemented using a 0.35 µm CMOS process and operates with a nominal supply of 3V.
A Novel Dissipativity-Based Control for Inexact Nonlinearity Cancellation Problems

When dealing with linear systems feedback interconnected with memoryless nonlinearities, a natural control strategy is making the overall dynamics linear at first and then designing a linear controller for the remaining linear dynamics. By canceling the original nonlinearity via a first feedback loop, global linearization can be achieved. However, when the controller is not capable of exactly canceling the nonlinearity, such control strategy may provide unsatisfactory performance or even induce instability. Here, the interplay between accuracy of nonlinearity approximation, quality of state estimation, and robustness of linear controller is investigated and explicit conditions for stability are derived. An alternative controller design based on such conditions is proposed and its effectiveness is compared with standard methods on a benchmark system.
Leveraging NLP Technologies and Linked Open Data to Create Better CAT Tools

This paper presents a prototype of a Computer Aided Translation (CAT) interface integrated with an entity extraction system to create a dynamic linked terminology component. The entity extraction system tags terms in the source sentence, mapping them to translation candidates in the target language. A usage scenario for linked data within a CAT tool is evaluated by prototyping all components necessary to construct a real-time dynamic terminology. By making use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies including entity linking (Mihalcea et al. 2007), and statistical models for extracting and disambiguating entities (Daiber et al. 2013), the tool can provide translators with rich feedback about potential target-language translations of entities in the source text.
Arabidopsis PLC3, PLC6 and PLC9 are redundantly required for normal growth rate of roots and have no role in NaCl tolerance

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Performance measurement of Hermite-based multi-carrier communication

The current work presents the results of an investigation in the applicability of Hermite functions as a set of basis signals for wireless communication. Despite being well-localized in time-frequency regarding the second-order moments, Hermite functions exhibit exponential tails that extend infinitely both in time and in frequency. The resulting overlap between different symbols causes ISI, that increases with symbol density. Spectral efficiency depends on the density of symbols in the time-frequency plane, the number of basis signals and the employed modulation scheme. Analyses, simulations and measurements in this thesis are focussed on the question what the maximum achievable spectral efficiency of a Hermite system is, when the BER resulting from ISI is constrained. Because a rigorous mathematical analysis of the inherent interference tends to burst with complexity, the simulations and measurements attain a prominent role in the anwer to this question. When spectral efficiency is maximized, there is intuitively little tolerance on symbol positions in time-frequency. Because the unsynchronized multi-user situation is the intended application of the Hermite system, questions about its robustness against missynchronization are relevant. The missynchronization tolerance depends on the characteristics of the relation between the synchronization error and the BER. This relation is inspected by means of simulations and compared to that of a traditional OFDM system. A major goal of the current work is verification of theoretical performance by the actual transmission of data using physical transceivers. To accomplish this goal, an experimental setup consisting of globally available hardware is made. The real-world transmissions of data with Hermite functions lead to results that support theoretical performance figures.