Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Performance Estimation of Best Ad Hoc Routing Protocol with Trust Mechanism in MANET

: A MANET is a type of ad-hoc network that consists of wireless mobile nodes communicates with each other without using wires, a fixed infrastructure, central administration and which establishes route from source to destination. In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), each node can freely move in any direction and every node also act as router as they forward traffic for other nodes. So, various routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, DSDV and OLSR are designed for routing in ad-hoc networks. This paper analyzed the literature of routing protocols which are discussed by comparing the various routing protocols on the basis of different schemes.
IN VITRO IMPROVEMENT OF CHARACTERS IN ROSA SPP . THROUGH COLCHICINE

Flower size and color variation are the main attributes in the floriculture industry that affect the consumers demand. Rosa gruss an teplitz and Rosa centifolia are the fragrant rose species known for their wonderful aesthetic beauty. However, they are limited in use due to their small sized flowers and no color variegation. In order to improve characters in rose species, shoot tips taken from micropropagated plants were incubated for three different periods of 5, 7 and 11 days in MS medium containing different levels (0,100, 150, 300 and 450 mg l -1 ) of colchicine. Rosa gruss an teplitz and Rosa centifolia yielded maximum plant height (15.12 and 17.23cm), number of nodes (4.80 and 6.93), internodal distance (3.15 and 2.48 cm), leaf area (5.26 and 10.50 cm 2 ) and flower size (6.24 and 5.78cm) respectively at colchicine level of 450 mg l -1 with incubation period of 11days. Colchicine also induced variegation and variation in flowers of Rosa gruss an teplitz . Genetic variation was analyzed and dendrogram was developed to assess the relationship with parent material. The findings of this work add to the ongoing efforts to improve the characters through induction of mutation in rose flowers.
Particle Size Analysis of Polystyrene Microplastics by Single Particle (sp) ICP-MS Investigation of plastic contamination during simulated UV-degradation by monitoring 13 C using the Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ

Introduction Many everyday items such as packaging materials, storage and food containers, electronics, toys, and textiles contain plastic. From the 1950s onwards when plastics became a cost-effective material, huge amounts of plastics originating from consumer products, industry, agriculture, marine activities, recycling centers, and general waste have polluted the environment. Plastic contamination and plastic contaminating water are concerning issues since plastics never fully degrade but fragment, generating particles in the millimeter to nanometer diameter size range. Particles sized 5 mm to 1 μm are often called microplastics (MPs) and particles smaller than 1 μm are referred to as nanoplastics (NPs). The full extent of the risks posed by microplastics is still unknown, hence the need for reliable particle analysis and particle size analysis methods. Also, public awareness of the problem of plastic contamination of water, soil, air, and foods is increasing in all parts of the world (1). Given the scale of plastic pollution and gaps in knowledge about the behavior of plastic pollutants, more research is needed to understand the threat of plastic particles on ecosystems and human health. Authors
UV POLYMERIZATION OF A ZWITTERIONIC ANTIFOULING MEMBRANE COATING

Membrane filtration is used in a wide array of industries to separate components in a mixture. Filtration membranes suffer from the external deposition of pollutants and microorganisms, a phenomenon known as fouling. Fouling reduces the lifetime of a membrane and therefore increases production costs. The goal of this project was to modify the surface of a hydrophobic commercial membrane with a charged coating to induce antifouling properties. A zwitterionic monomer, sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), was used for its steric hindrance and hydration shell formation mechanisms, which result in superior non-specific antifouling performance. When polymerizing the coating onto the surface of the commercial hydrophobic membrane, incremental amounts of SBMA monomer (9.50–23.75%), SpeedCure 4265 initiator (1.5–2.5%), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (0.5%–1.25%) crosslinker (EGMA) were added to a 1:2 solution composed of water and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The coated membranes were polymerized for 30 seconds using a COBRA Cure™ FX2 UV LED Curing System with a wavelength of 365 nm. Contact angle measurements confirmed that the modification process changed the surface of the membranes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. An existing commercial antifouling membrane and the 9.50% SBMA, 0.50% EGMA, and 1.50% SpeedCure 4265 modified membrane exhibited superior antifouling performance compared to the other experimental membrane combinations.
Structure and Extrapolation of a Complex Error Function of a Feedback Control System

this paper considered a new type of the feedback of control system, based on structure and extrapolation of a complex error function of control. Complex error function of control systems defined as complex difference between reference and output of a plant that allows considering their magnitude and phase difference. For calculating a complex error function and its structure used the Hilbert transform (HT), represented the reference and output of plant as analytical signals. For the xtrapolation of a complex error function and control its predicted values used it decomposition in power series. The gains of power series calculated with use of Wirtinger derivatives of complex error function at complex output of plant.
Optimal charging of a quantum battery consisting of electron spin qubits Bachelor thesis

When the size of a system is reduced to the scale of single particles, classical thermodynamics fails to predict the system’s behaviour as quantum ﬂuctuations come into play. Recently it has been proven by Binder et all. [1] that theoretically a quantum battery, consisting of qubits, can be charged faster (i.e. with higher power per qubit) when the qubits become entangled during the charging process. In this thesis such optimal charging is investigated for one speciﬁc type of quantum battery: an array of two identical electron spin qubits rotated by microwave radiation, coupled by nearest-neighbouring exchange interaction and considered in an environment without dissipation. As the wave function notation does not support environmental impact, the density matrix notation is used to describe the quantum dynamics of the driven electron spins. Solving the Von Neumann equation results in the solution describing the time evolution of such a quantum battery. This solution is used to calculate the extractable work; the result is an expression for extractable work which is not dependent on the exchange interaction. The reason for this independence is that exchange interaction couples two states which have the same energy level. Therefore, coupling qubits does not lead to faster charging of quantum battery. This conclusion is true for a quantum battery as deﬁned before. For other assumptions entanglement could lead to optimal charging.
Dynamical Behavior of Genetic Algorithms on Multi-modal Optimization

There is more than one local optimum in multi-modal landscapes.The values of local optima can influence their opportunities to be exploited by GAs.By analyzing the infinite population dynamical system using the gene pool GA and the BINEEDLE fitness function,we characterize the analytic relation between the fall of local optima and the fixed points in the infinite population dynamical system of the gene pool CA.Further analysis shows that the relation is still held in more common cases.Enlightened by the result,we derive a method to improve GAs for the multi-modal landscapes and get satisfying effect.The experiment results also prove the correctness of the theory in this paper.
GAMBLER’S RUIN: THE LIMITING DISTRIBUTION OF POINTS VISITED EXACTLY ONCE OF A SIMPLE RANDOM WALK UP TO TIME OF EXIT AND THE INFLUENCER VOTER MODEL

In this thesis we analyze two stochastic processes. We ﬁrst consider the simple symmetric random walk on the domain [0 , N ] ⊂ Z with a particular interest in the points visited exactly once by the random walk up to time of exit, denoted by R 1 N . Speciﬁcally, we are interested in determine a scaling limit of R 1 N as N ↑ ∞ . Making use of the simple geometry, we give a combinatorial argument and use the classic Gambler’s ruin identities of the symmetric random walk to determine the moments of R 1 N . We then ﬁnd that R 1 N / log( N ) converges weakly to the exponential distribution Exp(2). The second process we consider is a variant of the classic voter model on the complete graph with N nodes, which we call the inﬂuencer model. By allowing a subset of nodes, called the inﬂuencers, to be more likely to have their opinion adopted by a neighbor we generalize the classical voter model. We establish a weak law of large numbers via the ﬂuid limit for the inﬂuencer model and ﬁnd that the average trajectory of the process is deterministic and is the solution to a set of ordinary diﬀerential equations. Let ρ R ( t ) be the density of voter of opinion 1 in the regular nodes at time t and let ρ I ( t ) be the density of voters of opinion 1 in the inﬂuencer nodes at time t . We then determine the probability and time to consensus using martingale methods with the martingale Y ( t ) = pρ I ( t ) + qρ R ( t ). We derive that the probability of reaching consensus on 1 is equal to pρ I (0) + qρ R (0). For the expected time to consensus we arrive at a simple upper bound and then we also give a heuristic argument based on the results of the ﬂuid limit section that gives an exact expectation. For our upper bound derived from using the martingale , we get that the expected time to consensus E [ τ ] = O ( N ) with upper bound In
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Enterobacteriaceae with Decreased Susceptibility to Carbapenems: Results from Large Hospital-Based Surveillance Studies in China (cid:1)

The resistance mechanism of 49 Enterobacteriaceae isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems collected from 2004 to 2008 at 16 teaching hospitals in China was investigated. Moderate- to high-level carbapenem resistance in most isolates was more closely associated with loss or decreased expression of both major porins combined with production of AmpC or extended-spectrum (cid:1) -lactamase enzymes, while KPC-2, IMP-4, and IMP-8 carbapenemase production may lead to a low to moderate level of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in China. To date, the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has been reported in some countries (7, 9, 16, 19). Carbapenemases and porin loss combined with AmpC enzyme hyperproduction are regarded as the main mechanisms of resistance (7, 9, 12, 19). In China, there have been some reports of KPC-2-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae , Serratia marcescens , and Escherichia coli in the city of Hangzhou (2, 17, 20). However, a nationwide survey has not been performed. In this study, 49 Enterobacteriaceae isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems (MIC
Two mathematical models for the waning of anti-RBD IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after a two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination.

Objective. Serum antibody levels have been linked to immune protection in SARS-CoV-2 infection. After exposure to the virus and/or vaccination there is an increase in serum antibody titers followed by progressive non-linear waning of antibody levels. Our aim was to find out if this waning of antibody titers would adjust to a mathematical model. Methods. We studied serum anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) IgG antibody titers over a ten month period in a cohort of 54 health-care workers who were either never infected with SARS-CoV-2 (naive, nHCWs group, n = 27) or previously infected (experienced, eHCWs group, n = 27) with the virus after the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We have selected a risk threshold of 1000 UA/ml anti-RBD Ab titer for symptomatic infection based on the upper titer threshold for those volunteers who suffered infection prior to the omicron outbreak. Two mathematical models, exponential and potential, were used to quantify antibody waning kinetics and the relative quality of the goodness of fit to the data between both models was compared using the Akaike Information Criterion. Results. We found that the waning of anti-RBD IgG antibody levels adjusted significantly to both exponential and potential models in all participants from both the naive and experienced groups. Moreover, the waning slopes were significantly more pronounced for the naive when compared to the experienced health-care workers. In the nHCWs group, titers would descend below this 1000-units threshold at a median of 210.6 days (IQ range: 74,2). However, for the eHCWs group, the risk threshold would be reached at 440.0 days (IQ range: 135,2) post-vaccination. Conclusions. The goodness of the fit of the anti-RBD IgG antibody waning would allow us to predict when the antibody titers would fall below an established threshold in both naive and previously infected subjects.
Commercially-Hosted Payloads: Low-Cost Research to Operations

The Commercially-Hosted InfraRed Payload (CHIRP) demonstration launched 21 Sept 2011 was so successful that the Air Force extended the mission for six months to the end of calendar 2012, with an option to further extend the mission. CHIRP is successful in several key ways that demonstrate a low-cost Research to Operations alternative to operational remote sensing from dedicated platforms. The Air Force estimated that a dedicated geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) missile-warning demonstration would cost over $500M not including the cost of the sensor. The CHIRP mission cost $82.9M including sensor and spacecraft modifications, integration, launch, development of custom mission operations and data analysis centers, and nine months of on-orbit operations. The Air Force spent $29M upgrading a sensor from another program to fly on CHIRP. CHIRP integrated the sensor to an independently designed commercial GEO telecommunications spacecraft. Numerous interface risks were overcome, such as electromagnetic, power and data, and dynamic and static mechanical and thermal compatibility. A key challenge was maintaining the sensor focal plane and optics at low temperatures on a spacecraft designed to operate high-temperature communications payloads. Moreover, the spacecraft demonstrated fine pointing stability of a few microradians sufficient for most environmental sensing applications, and provided 70 Mbps continuous data transmittal to the mission operations center. Yet CHIRP was performed under a firm fixed price (FFP) contract, and developed and launched in 39 months from contract initiation. Environmental monitoring payload Research to Operations transition is an ideal application of commercial hosting because one of the key requirements is availability of a proven payload prior to identification of a commercial host spacecraft. The payload must be delivered for integration no later than 12 months prior to spacecraft delivery. As the commercial spacecraft build cycle is typically 24 months, the payload must be ready for integration within 12 months following spacecraft contract initiation. Typically a host spacecraft cannot be identified until just shortly before the spacecraft contract is underway. This paper reviews the principal CHIRP successes that demonstrate the applicability of commercial-hosting to reduce the cost of Research to Operations of environmental payloads and provides a hypothetical example of how a specific demonstrated meteorological research payload could be transitioned to operations using the commercial hosting approach.
Seesaw Dynamics and Control- Experimental Study

Dynamics and attitude control of a seesaw is described in this study. At first, mechanical design of the system is completed in Solid Works. Then the system is made. To control the system dynamic is studied. Furthermore, a number of electric components such as motor, electronic speed controller, micro controller board are also studied and selected for the experimental setup. Finally, proportional integral derivative controller (PID) algorithm is used to control the seesaw. Gain values of the PID controller are estimated on the basis of trial and error method. Ultimate values of the proportional, integral and derivative gains are 3.05, 0.005 and 0.75 respectively. During experiment, it is found that, system takes only five seconds to reach the same position as the input command. Therefore, this technique can be used to control the roll and pitch attitude of different unmanned aerial vehicles.
A Comparative Study of Markerless Systems Based on Color-Depth Cameras, Polymer Optical Fiber Curvature Sensors, and Inertial Measurement Units: Towards Increasing the Accuracy in Joint Angle Estimation

This paper presents a comparison between a multiple red green blue-depth (RGB-D) vision system, an intensity variation-based polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor, and inertial measurement units (IMUs) for human joint angle estimation and movement analysis. This systematic comparison aims to study the trade-off between the non-invasive feature of a vision system and its accuracy with wearable technologies for joint angle measurements. The multiple RGB-D vision system is composed of two camera-based sensors, in which a sensor fusion algorithm is employed to mitigate occlusion and out-range issues commonly reported in such systems. Two wearable sensors were employed for the comparison of angle estimation: (i) a POF curvature sensor to measure 1-DOF angle; and (ii) a commercially available IMUs MTw Awinda from Xsens. A protocol to evaluate elbow joints of 11 healthy volunteers was implemented and the comparison of the three systems was presented using the correlation coefficient and the root mean squared error (RMSE). Moreover, a novel approach for angle correction of markerless camera-based systems is proposed here to minimize the errors on the sagittal plane. Results show a correlation coefficient up to 0.99 between the sensors with a RMSE of 4.90 ∘ , which represents a two-fold reduction when compared with the uncompensated results (10.42 ∘ ). Thus, the RGB-D system with the proposed technique is an attractive non-invasive and low-cost option for joint angle assessment. The authors envisage the proposed vision system as a valuable tool for the development of game-based interactive environments and for assistance of healthcare professionals on the generation of functional parameters during motion analysis in physical training and therapy.
Genetic Diversity of Paired Middle-Ear and Pharyngeal Nontypeable Haemophilus inﬂuenzae Isolates from Children with Acute Otitis Media (cid:1) and middle-ear

Pulsed-ﬁeld gel electrophoresis was used to determine genetic diversities of multiple nontypeable Haemophi- lus inﬂuenzae isolates from throat and ear specimens of eight children with otitis media. From ﬁve children, all ear and throat isolates were identical. The bacterial populations in these specimens showed less diversity than populations in throat isolates of healthy children. Nontypeable Haemophilus inﬂuenzae (NTHi) are gram-neg-ative coccobacilli that naturally colonize the pharynges of hu-mans, with carriage rates between 20 and 80% (1, 6, 8). In addition to colonizing asymptomatically, H. inﬂuenzae causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as sinusitis, otitis media (OM), and bronchitis.
On PB Encodings for Constraint Problems

One of the possible approaches for solving a CSP is to encode the input problem into a CNF formula, and then use a SAT solver to solve it. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows to beneﬁt from the practical eﬃciency of modern SAT solvers, based on the CDCL architecture. However, the reasoning power of SAT solvers is somehow “weak”, as it is limited by that of the resolution proof system they use internally. This observation led to the development of so called pseudo-Boolean (PB) solvers, that implement the stronger cutting planes proof system, along with many of the solving techniques inherited from SAT solvers. Additionally, PB solvers can natively reason on PB constraints, i.e., linear equalities or inequalities over Boolean variables. These constraints are more succinct than clauses, so that a single PB constraint can represent exponentially many clauses. In this paper, we leverage both this succinctness and the reasoning power of PB solvers to solve CSPs by designing PB encodings for diﬀerent common constraints, and feeding them into PB solvers to compare their performance with that of existing CP solvers.
IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

This paper proposes a new controller for power regulation in dual active bridge (DAB) DC−DC converter based on a new scheme that tracks minimum RMS current to ensure minimum losses. The proposed controller is based on an implementation of perturb and observe (P&O) tracking method that enables minimum current point tracking (MCPT) at any desired level of active power transfer and DC voltage ratio. The P&O is embedded in a closed loop control scheme which simultaneously regulates active power in DAB converter. The nonlinear I-V characteristic of DAB presents the basis for this proposed controller and the rationale of using P&O algorithm. The proposed controller does not require complex non-linear converter modelling and is not circuit parameter dependent. Design procedure of the proposed controller is presented, and extensive simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink to validate effectiveness of the proposed MCPT closed loop controller. An experimental prototype also substantiates the results achieved.
Novel Bacterial Artiﬁcial Chromosome Vector pUvBBAC for Use in Studies of the Functional Genomics of Listeria spp. (cid:1) ‡

Bacterial artiﬁcial chromosome (BAC) vectors are important tools for microbial genome research. We con- structed a novel BAC vector, pUvBBAC, for replication in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial hosts. The pUvBBAC vector was used to generate a BAC library for the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. The library had insert sizes ranging from 68 to 178 kb. We identiﬁed two recombinant BACs from the L. monocytogenes pUvBBAC library that each contained the entire virulence gene cluster (vgc) of L. monocytogenes and transferred them to a nonpathogenic Listeria innocua strain. Recombinant L. innocua strains harboring pUvBBAC (cid:1) vgc1 and pUvBBAC (cid:1) vgc2 produced the vgc-speciﬁc listeriolysin (LLO) and actin assembly protein ActA and represent the ﬁrst reported cloning of the vgc locus in its entirety. The use of the novel broad-host-range BAC vector pUvBBAC extends the versatility of this technology and provides a powerful platform for detailed functional genomics of gram-positive bacteria as well as its use in explorative functional metagenomics. With the
Short-run Taxes and Long-run Growth∗

We study the persistent effects of temporary U.S. federal tax changes in corporate and personal income, using a narrative identification approach. A corporate income tax cut leads to a sustained increase in GDP and productivity, with peak effects between five and eight years. R&D expenditure and capital investment display hump-shaped responses. Wages increase at longer horizons while employment is largely unaffected. In contrast, personal income tax cuts cause a short-lived surge in GDP, productivity and wages but have no long-run effects. We develop and estimate a structural model with endogenous growth and variable factor utilization, and show that a pro-cyclical response of productivity is key to account for all these findings. JEL classification: E23, E62, H24, H25, H31, H32, O32