Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Virtual RealityInterface, Application, and Design

Understanding Virtual Reality arrives at a time when the technologies behind virtual reality have advanced to the point that it is possible to develop and deploy meaningful, productive virtual reality applications. The aim of this thorough, accessible exploration is to help you take advantage of this moment, equipping you with the understanding needed to identify and prepare for ways VR can be used in your field, whatever your field may be. By approaching VR as a communications medium, the authors have created a resource that will remain relevant even as the underlying technologies evolve. You get a history of VR, along with a good look at systems currently in use. However, the focus remains squarely on the application of VR and the many issues that arise in the application design and implementation, including hardware requirements, system integration, interaction techniques, and usability. This book also counters both exaggerated claims for VR and the view that would reduce it to entertainment, citing dozens of real-world examples from many different fields and presenting (in a series of appendices) four in-depth application case studies. * Substantive, illuminating coverage designed for technical and business readers and well-suited to the classroom. * Examines VR's constituent technologies, drawn from visualization, representation, graphics, human-computer interaction, and other fields, and explains how they are being united in cohesive VR systems. * Via a companion Web site, provides additional case studies, tutorials, instructional materials, and a link to an open-source VR programming system. Table of Contents Foreword Preface Part I - What is Virtual Reality? Chapter 1: Introduction to Virtual Reality - What it is and Where it Comes From Chapter 2: VR the Medium Part II - Virtual Reality Systems Chapter 3: Interface to the Virtual World -- Input Chapter 4: Interface to the Virtual World -- Output Chapter 5: Rendering a Virtual World Chapter 6: Interacting with a Virtual World Chapter 7: Virtual Reality Experience Chapter 8: Experience Design: Applying VR to a Problem Chapter 9: What Dreams May Come: The Future of VR Appendices A: NICE educational application (EVL) B: Crumbs visualization application (NCSA) C: Aircraft wiring application (Boeing, Inc.) D: Placeholder artistic application (Interval Research)
Ex vivo HIV entry into blood CD4+ T cells does not predict heterosexual HIV acquisition in women

Background A blood-based assay that could quantify HIV susceptibility would be very valuable for HIV prevention research. Previously, we developed and validated an ex vivo, flow-based, HIV entry assay to assess genital HIV susceptibility in endocervical CD4+ T cells. Methods Here we assessed whether this tool could be used to predict HIV risk using blood-derived CD4+ T cells in a rigorously-blinded, nested case-control study using blood samples collected from high-risk, HIV-uninfected South African women enrolled in the CAPRISA 004 clinical trial. Cases, subsequently acquiring HIV were sampled prior to HIV infection and compared with controls, who remained HIV-uninfected. The primary endpoint was ex vivo entry of a CCR5-tropic HIV founder virus into blood CD4+ T cells. Secondary endpoints included HIV entry into CD4+ central (TCM) and effector (TEM) memory T cells, and into CD4+ T cell subsets expressing CCR5, CD69, CCR6, α4β1 or α4β7. Results Compared to bulk CD4+ T cells (4.9% virus entry), CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5, CCR6 or α4β1 and TEM were highly susceptible (15.5%, 8.8%, 8.2% and 10.8% entry, respectively, all p<0.0001), while TCM, CD69+ or α4β7+ CD4+ cells were moderately susceptible (6.4%, 6.0% and 5.8% respectively, p ≤ 0.003). While the proportion of the aforementioned highly susceptible cells correlated with overall virus entry into CD4+ T cells within an individual (r = 0.68, 0.47, 0.67, and 0.60 respectively, p<0.0001), blood virus entry did not predict subsequent mucosal HIV acquisition after controlling for sexual behaviour and condom use (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.77–1.11, p = 0.40). Conclusions Although virus entry identified several previously known highly susceptible cellular HIV targets, blood HIV entry did not predict subsequent heterosexual HIV acquisition. Assessment of mucosal HIV susceptibility may require sampling at the site of HIV exposure.
NaviCam:A Magnifying Glass Approach to Augmented Reality

Current augmented reality (AR) systems are not designed to be used in our daily lives. Head-mounted see-through displays are too cumbersome and look too unusual for everyday life. The limited scalability of position-tracking devices limits the use of AR to very restricted environments. This paper proposes a different way to realize AR that can be used in an open environment by introducing the concept of ID awareness and a hand-held video see-through display. Unlike other AR systems that use head-mounted or head-up displays, our approach employs the combination of a palmtop-sized display and a small video camera. A user sees the real world through the display device, with added computer-augmented information. We call this configuration the magnifying glass approach. It has several advantages over traditional head-up or head-mounted configurations. The main advantage is that the user is not required to wear any cumbersome headgear. The user can easily move the display device around like a magnifying glass and compare real and augmented images. The video camera also obtains information related to real-world situations. The system recognizes real-world objects using the video images by reading identification (ID) tags. Based on the recognized ID tag, the system retrieves and displays information about the real-world object to the user. The prototype hand-held device based on our proposed concept is called NaviCam. We describe several potential applications. Our experiments with NaviCam show the great potential of our video see-through palmtop display. It was significantly faster than a head-up configuration, and its subjective score from testers was also higher.
Nudging Flexibility – Increasing Electric Vehicle User’s Charging Flexibility with Digital Nudges

Smart charging systems can prevent problems with the integration of battery electric vehicles (BEV) and allow the user to optimize the charging process according to his preferences. To do this, however, the user must enter his flexibility into the smart charging system. We propose that this flexibility can be increased by the means of choice architecture and digital nudging. Setting defaults and presenta-tion of normative defaults can successfully encourage end users to conserve electric energy. We pro-pose an online experiment to investigate the transferability of these nudges to the provision of charg-ing flexibility.
65 Linear Tree Hybrid All C or re la tio n LEX UNK LEX + UNK

We investigate neural models’ ability to capture lexicosyntactic inferences: inferences triggered by the interaction of lexical and syntactic information. We take the task of event factuality prediction as a case study and build a factuality judgment dataset for all English clause-embedding verbs in various syntactic contexts. We use this dataset, which we make publicly available, to probe the behavior of current state-of-the-art neural systems, showing that these systems make certain systematic errors that are clearly visible through the lens of factuality prediction.
Data Statements for NLP: Toward Mitigating System Bias and Enabling Better Science

In this position paper, we propose data statements as a practice that NLP technologists, in both research and development, can adopt to begin to address critical scientific and ethical issues that result from the use of data from certain populations in the development of technology for other populations. We present a form data statements can take and explore the implications of adopting them as part of our regular practice. We argue that they will help alleviate issues related to exclusion and bias in language technology; lead to better precision in claims about how NLP research can generalize and thus better engineering results; protect companies from public embarrassment; and ultimately lead to language technology that meets its users in their own preferred linguistic style and furthermore does not misrepresent them to others.
Symplectic semiclassical wave packet dynamics II: non-Gaussian states

We generalize our earlier work on the symplectic/Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics of the Gaussian wave packet to non-Gaussian semiclassical wave packets. We find the symplectic forms and asymptotic expansions of the Hamiltonians associated with these semiclassical wave packets, and obtain Hamiltonian systems governing their dynamics. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the dynamics give a very good approximation to the short-time dynamics of the expectation values computed by a method based on Egorov’s theorem or the initial value representation.
Fake Sentence Detection as a Training Task for Sentence Encoding

Sentence encoders are typically trained on language modeling tasks with large unlabeled datasets. While these encoders achieve state-of-the-art results on many sentence-level tasks, they are difficult to train with long training cycles. We introduce fake sentence detection as a new training task for learning sentence encoders. We automatically generate fake sentences by corrupting original sentences from a source collection and train the encoders to produce representations that are effective at detecting fake sentences. This binary classification task turns to be quite efficient for training sentence encoders. We compare a basic BiLSTM encoder trained on this task with a strong sentence encoding models (Skipthought and FastSent) trained on a language modeling task. We find that the BiLSTM trains much faster on fake sentence detection (20 hours instead of weeks) using smaller amounts of data (1M instead of 64M sentences). Further analysis shows the learned representations capture many syntactic and semantic properties expected from good sentence representations.
Are generative deep models for novelty detection truly better?

Many deep models have been recently proposed for anomaly detection. This paper presents comparison of selected generative deep models and classical anomaly detection methods on an extensive number of non--image benchmark datasets. We provide statistical comparison of the selected models, in many configurations, architectures and hyperparamaters. We arrive to conclusion that performance of the generative models is determined by the process of selection of their hyperparameters. Specifically, performance of the deep generative models deteriorates with decreasing amount of anomalous samples used in hyperparameter selection. In practical scenarios of anomaly detection, none of the deep generative models systematically outperforms the kNN.
Decoupling Backpropagation using Constrained Optimization Methods

We propose BlockProp, a neural network training algorithm. Unlike backpropagation [1], it does not rely on direct top-to-bottom propagation of an error signal. Rather, by interpreting backpropagation as a constrained optimization problem we split the neural network model into sets of layers (blocks) that must satisfy a consistency constraint, i.e. the output of one set of layers must be equal to the input of the next. These decoupled blocks are then updated with the gradient of the optimization constraint violation. The main advantage of this formulation is that we decouple the propagation of the error signal on different subparts (blocks) of the network making it particularly relevant for multi-devices applications.
Development and assessment of questionnaires

: This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of self-report measurement instruments in (nursing) research. The aim of this study is to gain more insight into, and understanding of the use of such instruments. To be more specific, this paper deals with: (1) What is a self-report measurement instrument? ; (2) How to develop such an instrument? ; (3) What is its psychometric quality in terms of validity and reliability? ; (4) How to analyze an instrument statistically? ; (5) Which are the pros en cons of a self-report measurement instrument in general? ; and (6) Where do we find examples of good measurement instruments? These six questions will be answered with the help of several practical research examples. The article concludes with a few suggestions for literature concerning existing measurement instruments and their psychometric qualities.
Pondering motivational ups and downs throughout a two-month period: A complex dynamic system perspective

ABSTRACT This paper describes a two-month longitudinal study in which five secondary education students learning English as a foreign language at school will be interviewed in order to analyse how their motivation varies during this period and what variables affect their motivational changes. The emphasis will thus be on motivation's dynamicity and temporal variation. The data gathering will be based on semi-structured interviews, as this data elicitation method allows the researcher to follow a set of questions, while also allowing deviation from this guide to pursue and delve into motivational topics that arise during the course of the interview. The participants will be interviewed at three different stages throughout the two months and asked about the reasons for the motivational fluctuations that occur. The objective will be to try to pinpoint how the people-factor components (student, teacher, parents, peers and language assistant) determine the evolution of students’ motivation and how they interact. The analysis of the type of interconnection that takes place among diverse variables and how they affect motivational changes over time will help to shed light on students’ motivation from a complex dynamic system perspective.
Distance of knowledge and pricing knowledge

Only pricing knowledge will the knowledge commodity exchange be accomplished.What determine the exchange value of knowledge are not only the value of knowledge itself,but including the trust between the seller and the buyer,coding of knowledge and the mode of abstraction,and the buyer's knowledge base.This paper introduces the notion of "distance of knowledge",and it substitutes for these factors such as knowledge coding,abstraction extent and the buy's knowledge base.It uses a model of mathematics to analyze the dynamic process of the tacit knowledge transfer,and establishes a pricing model for tacit knowledge exchange.
Public versus private schools in Qatar: Is there a literacy gap?

Recent studies have suggested that performance-related differences between private and public schools disappear once student background characteristics are accounted for. However, given the sometimes significant variation in economic, social and cultural norms across countries these findings may not have universal relevance. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether or not literacy in private and public schools in Qatar differs in key areas such as mathematics, reading and science, and if such differences exist then whether or not they persist after controlling for student demographic characteristics such as age, gender, parental occupation, parental education, family wealth, cultural possessions and availability of educational resources at home. Our results indicate that there is indeed a significant mean difference in literacy between private and public schools in Qatar, and that this difference does not disappear even after controlling for student background characteristics. Implications were discussed.
Distance à centre

Dans de nombreux systemes la communication directe entre les elements n'est pas possible, mais se fait par l'intermediaire d'un centre, standard, leader. Il en decoule une distance tres particuliere difficile a mettre en evidence par les techniques classiques car elle n'est ni euclidienne, ni ultrametrique. On etudie ses proprietes, on s'interesse aux problemes d'optimisation et de decompositions et on montre le role «charniere» joue par les distances a centre
An Initial Discussion about Tourists' Photographic Psychology——Based on the Content Analysis of Tourist Photos

Tourists often express their tourist desire through the lenses of cameras,execute their rights of "onlookers" and "photographers",express their impressions and understanding of tourist destinations and their desire to people and things in tourist destinations or even the potential readers of the photos.The paper,based on the internet for material collection and using content analysis method,conducts a study regarding the psychological characteristics of tourists' photographic behavior and their attitude towards shooting objects and potential readers.The aim of this paper is to provide psychological analysis for tourists' photographic behavior through case study.
Comparative Analysis of Post University MatriculationExamination in Nigerian Universities Using Fuzzy Logic

DOI: 10.9734/BJMCS/2015/20165 Editor(s): (1) Zhenyou Huang, Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, P. R. China. (2) Dragos Pătru Covei, Department of Mathematics, University “Constantin Brâncusi” of Târgu-Jiu, România. (3) Tian-Xiao He, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Illinois Wesleyan University, USA. Reviewers: (1) Anonymous, Sastra University, Kumbakonam, India. (2) Harish Garg, Thapar University Patiala, India. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/11419
A Utilização de Engenharia de Domínio para Descoberta de Padrões de Análise em Sistemas de Controle de Mudanças

Este artigo busca atraves de tecnicas como o reuso, engenharia de dominio, analise de dominio descrever e catalogar boas praticas e padroes conceituais, para futuras implementacoes de sistemas de controle de mudancas, com o proposito de facilitar, reduzir tempo e custos para a construcao de sistemas de um mesmo dominio
New Directions in the Research of Technology-Enhanced Education

This chapter presents the results of a systematic review of literature in which the authors examined instructional technology integration in career and technical education, mathematics, language arts, social studies, and science. Three lenses were used to examine the literature: a research design framework, a teacher knowledge framework (CFTK), and a technology integration framework (TPACK). The research design framework revealed a low percentage of papers that were actually research studies (41.2%), favoring qualitative design (70% of the 41.2%). Consequently, educators may have difficulty DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-899-9.ch015
The Quick Start Guide

The purpose of this document is to help you get started using HIPE with the minimum of fuss, confusion, time wasted, and Helpdesk (please open this link in a new tab or window) tickets raised. This document assumes the following: • You have installed HIPE without any issues. • You have registered with the Herschel system. Go to Herschel registration page (please open this link in a new tab or window) if not. • You have an account with permission to access the Herschel Science Archive (HSA). • You know the observation ID for at least one set of data. By the end of this document you will have achieved the following: • Transferred one observation for inspection from the HSA into your HIPE session. • Developed a broad understanding of the data structure that you see. • Learnt how to look at your data. • Begun to have an understanding of where you can go from here, and where in the documentation to look next. The first step after checking both lists (especially the first one) is to launch the main program of HIPE. Being a cross-platform application, instructions for the major operating systems follow: • Linux and UNIX: You will find links to the executable file according to the choices made during installation. The options are: the home directory (default), a specific directory and no links (you will have to execute the application directly from the installation directory). If you are running the program from the terminal you should type hipe or . /hipe depending on the shell. • Mac OS X: After installation, you will find HIPE on the Desktop. It is also available searching for hipe in Spotlight and at the installation directory. • Windows: After installation, you will find HIPE on the Start Menu (or Start Screen in Windows 8), on the Desktop (if you decided to create shortcuts there) or directly at the installation directory. In any of the previous cases, when you locate the link or executable file double click it to run the program. Clicking in HIPE Click behaviour within HIPE is very similar to any other GUI-based application:
Customer Sharing in Economic Networks with Costs

In an economic market, sellers, infomediaries and customers constitute an economic network. Each seller has her own customer group and the seller's private customers are unobservable to other sellers. Therefore, a seller can only sell commodities among her own customers unless other sellers or infomediaries share her sale information to their customer groups. However, a seller is not incentivized to share others' sale information by default, which leads to inefficient resource allocation and limited revenue for the sale. To tackle this problem, we develop a novel mechanism called customer sharing mechanism (CSM) which incentivizes all sellers to share each other's sale information to their private customer groups. Furthermore, CSM also incentivizes all customers to truthfully participate in the sale. In the end, CSM not only allocates the commodities efficiently but also optimizes the seller's revenue.
BoundShield: Comprehensive Mitigation for Memory Disclosure Attacks via Secret Region Isolation

Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is now widely adopted in modern operating systems to thwart code reuse attacks. However, an adversary can still bypass fine-grained ASLR by exploiting memory corruption vulnerabilities and performing memory disclosure attacks. Although Execute-no-Read schemes have been proven to be an efficient solution against read-based memory disclosures, existing solutions need modifications to kernel or hypervisor. Besides, the defense of execution-based memory disclosures has been ignored. In this paper, we propose BoundShield, a self-protection scheme that provides comprehensive protection against memory disclosure attacks, especially against those based on executing arbitrary code by leveraging Intel Memory Protection Extension. BoundShield protects code memory by defending not only read-based memory disclosure attacks but also execution-based memory disclosure attacks. On one hand, read-based memory disclosures can be eliminated by hiding all code sections and code pointers in a secret region separated from the user address space. On the other hand, BoundShield prevents return addresses from being corrupted and ensures that all function pointers point to the legitimate entries whenever they are dereferenced, which significantly reduces the attack surface for execution-based memory disclosures. We have implemented a prototype of BoundShield based on a set of modifications to compiler toolchain and the standard C library. Our evaluation results show that the BoundShield can provide strong defenses against memory disclosure attacks while incurring a small performance overhead.