Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short‐term responses of rehabilitating coastal dune forest ground vegetation to livestock grazing

We investigated the responses of the ground vegetation in a 17-year-old coastal dune forest plant community to four levels of experimentally applied livestock grazing (three grazing levels and one ungrazed control) from May 1994 to March 1996. The effects of grazing were apparently subordinate to site-specific intrinsic vegetation change and there were some indications that rainfall interacted with grazing level. Grazing had some apparent but no significant effects on plant species composition, significantly affected plant species richness over time, and significantly increased the range of species richness and vegetation cover values as well as the relative abundance and numbers of plant species with erect growth forms. Vegetation cover changed significantly over time, independently of grazing. Our results point to two important, easily measured mechanisms for the conservation management of coastal dune forests – the interaction of disturbance type with plant growth form and the increase of variation in community structural variables under disturbance. These mechanisms, although they potentially have wide application and predictive power, have not been studied adequately. Resume Nous avons etudie les reponses de la vegetation terrestre d' une plantation forestiere de 17 ans sur une dune cotiere a quatre niveaux experimentaux de pâturage par du betail (trois niveaux de pâturage et un controle non pâture) entre mai 1994 et mars 1996. Les effets du pâturage dependaient apparemment des changements de vegetation intrinseques specifiques des sites, et certains indices laissent penser qu'il y a des interactions entre les chutes de pluies et le taux de pâturage. Le pâturage qui avait certains effets apparents, mais non significatifs sur la composition specifique des plantes, affectait significativement la richesse en especes avec le temps, et augmentait significativement l'etendue de la richesse en especes vegetales et la couverture vegetale ainsi que l'abondance relative et le nombre d' especes vegetales de forme erigee. Le couvert vegetal changeait significativement au cours du temps, quel que soit le pâturage. Nos resultats indiquent deux mecanismes importants, faciles a mesurer, pour la gestion conservatoire des forets de dunes cotieres – l' interaction du type de perturbation avec la forme de la croissance des plantes, et l'accroissement de la variation des variables structurelles de la communaute vegetale en cas de perturbation. Ces mecanismes, meme s' ils peuvent avoir une large application et une valeur predictive, n' ont pas encore ete convenablement etudies.
Robust Thermoelectric Hydrogen Sensors with Ceramic Catalyst

Micro-thermoelectric hydrogen sensor ( µ-THS) is one of the promising candidates for hydrogen leak alarm system because of its simple structure, its unique and reliable working principle, catalytic combustion and thermoelectric (from heat to electric) conversion, and its sensing performance for wide-range of hydrogen concentrations. Catalyst is of great importance for the reliability in gas sensors. The integration of the catalyst is the key technology to make a sensor of high efficiency and high durability such as long-term stability. By controlling the catalyst preparation, the size, the thickness of the ceramic catalyst and the dispersion of Pt in the catalyst could be controlled. These are closely related not only to sensitivity but also to the long-term stability of the catalyst. We have monitored the performance of the µ-THS with ceramic catalyst over 3 months, to investigate the relation between the device preparation and the stability of the sensor.
Small molecules and human cardiomyogenesis: Is there a bottleneck in current research?

Human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-derived CMs) have a vast potential in drug discovery, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. In recent years various differentiation protocols for hPSC-derived CMs have been developed. Most of them utilize the modulation of human cardiomyogenesis via small-molecule compounds. However, setbacks to the large-scale application of hPSC-derived CMs still abound: insufficient insight into important signaling pathways for cardiac lineage-specific differentiation and identification of suitable small-molecule modulators; inconsistent results due to unstandardised culturing techniques; lack of effective maturation of hPSC-derived CMs in vitro. So is there a bottleneck in current research? This paper attempts to answer this question.
Anthropometrics 2.0: Enrichment of Classical Anthropometry through Multidisciplinary Collaboration

State of the art computational methods might offer the opportunity to handle 3D anthropometrical information: in a collection of similar 3D shapes, when there is a correspondence of points, certain mathematical operations, such as calculation of mean shape and even a standard deviation in each point, can be performed. As such, a statistical shape model can be interesting for the purpose of product development since it provides insight in the intrinsic variation of a 3D form within a given population and-if large enough- even contains all information to determine the shape of each individual, making statistical shape models potentially very interesting to design mass customization products. To that end, the information contained in statistical shape models should be made available for the purpose of product development, to enrich the classical use of anthropometry in the design process. The intended enrichment is further denoted "Anthropometrics 2.0". This concept was first explored through a multidisciplinary collaboration with master students in Product Development, Computer Science and Applied Engineering, supported by the Belgian industrial research and development conglomerate (BiR&D). The objective of this educational project was to explore how state of the art statistical shape models could be made available as digital models for the purpose of product development through CAD. In this paper we present the results towards this aim and how the different scientific disciplines with respective master student collaborated towards this purpose. The project was confined to the human head.
Contribution of mode-coupling and phase-mixing of Alfvén waves to coronal heating

Context. Phase-mixing of Alfven waves in the solar corona has been identified as one possible candidate to explain coronal heating. While this scenario is supported by observations of ubiquitous oscillations in the corona carrying sufficient wave energy and by theoretical models that have described the concentration of energy in small-scale structures, it is still unclear whether this wave energy can be converted into thermal energy in order to maintain the million-degree hot solar corona.Aims. The aim of this work is to assess how much energy can be converted into thermal energy by a phase-mixing process triggered by the propagation of Alfvenic waves in a cylindric coronal structure, such as a coronal loop, and to estimate the impact of this conversion on the coronal heating and thermal structure of the solar corona.Methods. To this end, we ran 3D MHD simulations of a magnetised cylinder where the Alfven speed varies through a boundary shell, and a footpoint driver is set to trigger kink modes that mode couple to torsional Alfven modes in the boundary shell. These Alfven waves are expected to phase-mix, and the system allows us to study the subsequent thermal energy deposition. We ran a reference simulation to explain the main process and then we varied the simulation parameters, such as the size of the boundary shell, its structure, and the persistence of the driver.Results. When we take high values of magnetic resistivity and strong footpoint drivers into consideration, we find that i) phase-mixing leads to a temperature increase of the order of 105 K or less, depending on the structure of the boundary shell; ii) this energy is able to balance the radiative losses only in the localised region involved in the heating; and iii) we can determine the influence of the boundary layer and the persistence of the driver on the thermal structure of the system.Conclusions. Our conclusion is that as a result of the extreme physical parameters we adopted and the moderate impact on the heating of the system, it is unlikely that phase-mixing can contribute on a global scale to the heating of the solar corona.
Phylogenetic relationship of Pakistani species of Carex L. based on matK gene sequence variation

Among the largest and taxonomically complex genera of plants, relationship with in Carex at subgeneric and sectional levels is unclear. For this purpose partial DNA sequences of chloroplast matK gene were generated for 11 species of Carex L. and two outgroup taxa i-e Kobresia schoenoides and Kobresia laxa from Pakistan. The sequenced fragments varied from 753 base pairs (bp) to 1360 bp in length, with 15.08% variable and (45) 3.29% parsimony informative sites when the outgroups were included. The aligned sequences were analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), neighbor-joining (NJ) and UPGMA methods using MEGA5. matK was found useful in resolving relationship among subgenera and species of Carex. All the species of subgen. Carex form a clear clade with 98% boostrap support and taxa of subgen. Vignea form a clade with 99% bootstrap support. C. microglochin of the Indocarex appeared as sister to the rest of Carex clades. Position of C. filicina (Primocarex) group cannot be resolved from the present data. C. canescens is sister to the rest of species in subgen. Vignea, while C. foliosa and C. divulsa are monophyletic in this group. The out group Kobresia do not form a clear sister group to Carex, supporting the view that Kobresia may be included in Carex in the future. In the sub-genus Carex, C. atrofusca is sister to the rest of the group, while C. pseudocyperus, and C. songorica forming monophyletic group. Based on these results, delimitation of the species is discussed. The implications of phylogeny for habit preferences and inflorescence structure has also been discussed.
Growth kinetics of marine unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacterial isolates in continuous culture in relation to phosphorus and temperature

Unicellular N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria from tropical marine oligotrophic environments have been proposed to be major contributors to the global N cycle but still remain poorly characterized. These organisms are likely to be limited by phosphorus availability in situ. The aim of this study was to identify growth kinetics of isolates from the tropical North Atlantic and subtropical North Pacific in relation to phosphorus and temperature in continuous cultures. Cells from the Atlantic measured 2.5 μm in diameter (A-2.5). Genetically identical isolates from the Pacific showed 2 diameters depending on P-media concentrations (small: 3 μm, 1 pM PO 4 [P-3] and large: 7 pm, 4 pM PO 4 [P-7]). All 3 isolates were highly stenothermal, and optimal growth temperatures ranged between 26 and 30°C. Small cells (A-2.5 and P-3) had lower half-saturation constants (K s ) for PO 4 than large cells (P-7) (0.06 to 0.21 μM vs. 0.20 to 0.25 μM). Maximum growth rates and N:P ratios increased with temperature for all isolates; N:P ratios were close to Redfield ratios (N:P = 16) when isolates approached maximum growth rates. N 2 -fixation activity did not vary between growth rates, but did increase with temperature; rates were consistently lower than previously published rates for the same isolates under non-P-limiting conditions. From these studies, we conclude that both Atlantic and Pacific unicellular cyanobacteria that have the capacity to fix N 2 have a limited temperature range for growth and that smaller sized isolates could be better adapted for conditions of phosphorus limitation.
Facet Based Estimation Polling From Customer Reviews

Reputation-based belief systems are broadly used in e-Trade applications, and response ratings are aggregated to figure out traders’ reputation grades. The “all good reputation” problem, however, is prevalent in recent reputation systems. Reputation grades across the web are commonly high for traders and it is difficult for potential customers to choose accurate traders. This work is based on the observation that customers often express their viewpoints explicitly in free text response comments. We propose a system that figure out Comm-Trust for trust evaluation by drilling response comments. We propose multidimensional belief model for estimating reputation grades from user response comments. We propose an algorithm for mining response comments for dimension ratings and weights, combing techniques of natural language processing, opinion mining and topic modeling. This research work is mainly based on the first piece of work on trust evaluation by mining response comments.
Can Twitter Enhance Food Resilience?: Exploring Community Use of Twitter using Communicative Ecology

Food resilience providing affordable access to a nutritionally balanced food supply is a major sustainability challenge for growing urban populations worldwide, particularly in the developing world. This paper reports the use of Twitter for building urban food resilience through a case study of an urban agriculture community in Indonesia. A rule-guided qualitative content analysis is used to interpret meaning from digital text data and to bring methodological strength of quantitative analysis. In this study, communicative ecology theory is used to frame our understanding of the emerging themes in terms of topic of tweets, intention of tweets, and parties involved in the communication. We found that support for participation in urban agriculture is the most dominant content of communication and extending reach is the common intention of tweets while internal community networks are the most visible parties involved.
On the Welfare Effects of Exclusive Distribution Arrangements

The regulation of vertical relationships between firms is the subject of persistent legal and academic controversy. The literature studying vertical trade relationships seems to assume that an upstream monopolist prefers downstream competition over exclusive distribution arrangements. We derive precise conditions for when an upstream monopolist prefers competing distribution systems over exclusive distribution in the downstream market. We also show that the welfare effects of downstream competition are ambiguous. A downstream oligopoly may have negative welfare properties compared to a downstream monopoly.
Portfolio Choice and Precautionary Savings

We study the effect on savings of an increase in the capital risk of the investment opportunities when the representative consumer is allowed to optimally choose her portfolio. Sandmo (1970) and Levhari and Srinivasan (1969) prove that individuals with high risk-aversion and time-separable, power utility increase their optimal savings when capital risk increases holding constant the expected return of the risky asset. We obtain the opposite effect when the consumer chooses her portfolio allocation optimally.
Simple Ion Transfer at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces

The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
Five embeddings of one simple group

We propose a new method to study birational maps between Fano varieties based on multiplier ideal sheaves. Using this method, we prove equivariant birational rigidity of four Fano threefolds acted on by the group A6. As an application, we obtain that Bir(P 3 ) has at least five non-conjugate subgroups isomorphic to A6.
Rockfish sounds and their potential use for population monitoring in the Southern California Bight

Sirovic, A. , Cutter, G. R. , Butler, J. L. , and Demer, D. A. 2009. Rockfish sounds and their potential use for population monitoring in the Southern California Bight. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 981-990.Non-lethal methods are being developed to assess and monitor the depleted rockfish stocks off southern California. For example, data from multifrequency echosounders and underwater cameras have been combined to map the dispersions and estimate the abundances of rockfish at the historical fishing sites within this region. From August to October 2007, this ship-based technique was augmented with two passive-acoustic moored recorders. One collected data at the 43 Fathom Bank for 46 days, while the other was serially deployed at 13 locations for shorter periods (1-8 d). Passive-acoustic data were analysed for the presence of rockfish sounds. Potential sources of five pulsing sounds were identified from the optically estimated species compositions at each location, as well as from known rockfish recordings collected in aquaria. All sounds had a low frequency (<900 Hz). Some were short, individual pulses (≤0.1 s), others were repetitive. A repetitive pulsing from bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) was the most commonly recorded sound and it occurred mainly at night. The daily calling rates at each site were quantitatively compared with the rockfish abundance estimates obtained from the active-acoustic survey, and they were positively correlated. The feasibility of using passive-acoustic tools to monitor changes in rockfish populations efficiently is discussed.
Revision in the Diprotodontid Marsupial Genus Neohelos: Systematics and Biostratigraphy

Neohelos is a geographically and temporally widespread genus of Cenozoic diprotodontid marsupials commonly used to biocorrelate otherwise undated Australian fossil deposits. Here, we revise the genus and describe two new species from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area of northwestern Queensland. Neohelos solus sp. nov. is a small, relatively abundant, plesiomorphic form, while the rarer, larger Neohelos davidridei sp. nov. is the most derived species of the genus with an upper premolar morphology that is structurally antecedant to members of the Late Miocene genus Kolopsis. Additional material of Neohelos tirarensis and Neohelos stirtoni is described. A chronological morphocline is evidenced by a gradual change in morphology accompanied by an increase in size from Ne. tirarensis through Ne. stirtoni to Ne. davidridei, and is generally consistent with the biostratigraphic distribution of Neohelos species throughout Riversleigh's faunal zones A to D. Stage of evolution biocorrelation of Neohelos species confirms that some of Riversleigh's Faunal Zone A deposits are Late Oligocene in age and predate the Wipajiri Formation of South Australia. Strong faunal correlations exist between Riversleigh's topographically low to middle Faunal Zone C deposits and the Northern Territory's Middle Miocene Bullock Creek Local Fauna. The presence of the highly derived N. davidridei in the Jaw Junction Local Fauna of Riversleigh's Upper Faunal Zone C suggests a later Middle Miocene (post-Bullock Creek) age for this deposit.
Job Mobility and Earnings Instability

There is still no consensus on the causes of the increase in the variance of transitory earnings (earnings instability) in the United States. It is difficult to attribute the rise in instability to job mobility because there is no evidence of a concurrent increase in job turnover or separations. Using an error component model of the covariance structure of earnings on Panel Survey of Income Dynamics and Survey of Income and Program Participation data, this study shows that job mobility and the increase in the variance of wage changes upon job change accounts for a substantial part of the increase in earnings instability. The empirical evidence is consistent with the simulations of a search and matching model where an increase in the variance of productivity shocks increases on‐the‐job search and earnings instability among job changers while leaving job turnover approximately constant.
Performance Analysis in Object Diameter Estimation based on Single and Multiple Non-Destructive and Discrete Infrared Sensors

In Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique, recognizing and marking the landmarks in the environment is very important. Therefore, in a commercial farm, rows of trees, borderline of rows as well as the trees and other features are mostly used by the researchers in realizing the automation process in this field. In this paper, the detection of the tree based on its diameter is focused. There are few techniques available in determining the size of the tree trunk inclusive of the laser scanning method as well as image-based measurements. However, those techniques require heavy computations and equipments which become constraints in a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle implementation. Therefore, in this paper, the detection of an object by using a single and multiple infrared sensors on a non-stationary automated vehicle platform is discussed. The experiments were executed on different size of objects in order to investigate the effectiveness of this proposed method. This work is initially tested on the ground, based in the lab environment by using an omni directional vehicle which later will be adapted on a small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle implementation for tree diameter estimation in the agriculture farm. In the current study, comparing multiple sensors with single sensor orientation showed that the average percentage of the pass rate in the pole recognition for the former is relatively more accurate than the latter with 93.2 percent and 74.2 percent, respectively.
Analysis of supervised classification techniques

As the number of digital documents and data are being increased rapidly, it is important to classify them in to respective categories. This process of classifying the data is called classification. There are three ways in to which the data can be classified un supervised, supervised and semi supervised methods. Automatic Text Classification is done by supervised learning techniques. This paper discusses about various classification techniques, their advantages and limitations. Finally, it concludes with the best classification technique. In this paper the best classification technique that was proposed is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The reason for proposing ANN as the best algorithm is given and its application in various important fields was given.