Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Currently, the treatment available for arterial thrombosis includes the anticoagulants and the four classes of antiplatelet aggregation agents: aspirin, thienopyridines, phosphodiestherase inhibitors and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists

Blood is an important tissue that plays a role in delivery oxygen and nutrients to all parts of our body. Therefore it is important to maintain a smooth blood flow in our body. Blood clotting is a normal and vital process that helps to prevent excessive bleeding when blood vessel is injured by forming clots at the damaged or injured vessels. Generally, platelets and proteins in our plasma work together to form a clot at injured sites. When an injury occurs, a clot usually forms within a few minutes. It is a complex process that needs to be carefully controlled as platelet hyperactivity or hyperaggregation will lead to internal clots which can be fatal.
Determining the Composition of Herbivore Diets in the Trans-Himalayan Rangelands: A Comparison of Field Methods

Abstract In late summer, in a semi-arid mountain range in Nepal, we compared 3 field methods for determining the botanical composition of herbivore diets. Data were collected from the same animals belonging to 1 herd of domestic yak (Bos grunniens) and 2 herds of mixed smallstock, consisting of domestic goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries). Bite count, feeding site examination, and microhistological analysis of feces gave different estimates of forage categories and plant species in both animal groups. Because yaks grazed in other vegetation communities when not observed for bite-counts and feeding signs, the results from the latter methods could not be compared directly with that from fecal analysis. In smallstock, feeding site examination gave higher estimates of graminoids and lower estimates of shrubs than the other 2 methods, probably because all feeding signs on shrubs were not detected. Bite-counts and fecal analysis gave comparable results, except that forbs were underestimated by fecal analysis, presumably due to their more complete digestion. Owing to the difficulty in collecting samples that are representative of the entire grazing period and the problem of recording feeding signs correctly, both feeding site examination and bite-counts are unsuitable methods for studying the food habits of free ranging domestic and wild herbivores. Microhistological analysis of feces appears to be the most appropriate method, but correction factors are needed to adjust for differential digestion. The systematic use of photomicrographs improves the speed and accuracy of the fecal analysis.
Planning Air Pollution Monitoring Networks in Industrial Areas by Means of Rremote Sensed Images and GIS Techniques

Air pollution and its impact have become one of the most important challenge for public authorities. The quantification of emissions as well as their spatial distribution are essential for any air quality program (Aleksandropoulou & Lazaridis, 2004; Sengupta et al., 1996). The selection of the location of monitoring stations is one of the most complex task that occurs in designing air monitoring networks. Several issues, as the harmful effects of pollution on both human health and environment, must be taken into account (Allegrini et al., 2004). The European directive 2008/50/CE of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air provides criteria about monitoring network. This directive has been issued in order to improve, clarify, simplify and replace the precedents five acts: • Council Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management; • Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and lead in ambient air; • Directive 2000/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air; • Directive 2002/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air and; • Council Decision 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States. The Directive 2008/50/CE also introduces new air quality objectives and monitoring requirements for PM2.5. In addition to that the EU directive determines criteria for positioning monitoring stations, taking into account a detailed evaluation of environmental features on both local and regional scale. These objectives can be pursued by territorial analysis, which can be performed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). GIS is a computer-based information system that enables storing, modelling, manipulation, retrieval, analysis and presentation of geographically referenced data (Burrough, 2001). In particular this powerful tool allows a
On the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem under demand uncertainty

In this paper we study the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem under demand uncertainty, on which there has been little research to our knowledge. The focus of the paper is to provide a strong formulation that also easily allows tractable robust and chance-constrained counterparts. To this end, we propose a basic Miller-Tucker-Zemlin (MTZ) formulation with the main advantage that uncertainty is restricted to the right-hand side of the constraints. This leads to compact and tractable counterparts of demand uncertainty. On the other hand, since the MTZ formulation is well known to provide a rather weak linear programming relaxation, we propose to strengthen the initial formulation with valid inequalities and lifting techniques and, furthermore, to dynamically add cutting planes that successively reduce the polyhedral region using a branch-and-cut algorithm. We complete our study with extensive computational analysis with diﬀerent performance measures on different classes of instances taken from the literature. In addition, using simulation, we conduct a scenario-based risk level analysis for both cases where either unmet demand is allowed or not.
The importance of blowing snow to halogen-containing aerosol in coastal Antarctica: influence of source region versus wind speed

Abstract. A fundamental understanding of the processes that control Antarctic aerosols is necessary in determining the aerosol impacts on climate-relevant processes from Antarctic ice cores to clouds. The first in situ observational online composition measurements by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) of Antarctic aerosols were only recently performed during the Two-Season Ozone Depletion and Interaction with Aerosols Campaign (2ODIAC). 2ODIAC was deployed to sea ice on the Ross Sea near McMurdo Station over two field seasons: austral spring–summer 2014 and winter–spring 2015. The results presented here focus on the overall trends in aerosol composition primarily as functions of air masses and local meteorological conditions. The results suggest that the impact of long-range air mass back trajectories on either the absolute or relative concentrations of the aerosol constituents measured by (and inferred from) an AMS at a coastal location is small relative to the impact of local meteorology. However, when the data are parsed by wind speed, two observations become clear. First, a critical wind speed is required to loft snow from the surface, which, in turn, increases particle counts in all measured size bins. Second, elevated wind speeds showed increased aerosol chloride and sodium. Further inspection of the AMS data shows that the increased chloride concentrations have more of a “fast-vaporizing” nature than chloride measured at low wind speed. Also presented are the Cl:Na ratios of snow samples and aerosol filter samples, as measured by ion chromatography, as well as non-chloride aerosol constituents measured by the AMS. Additionally, submicron aerosol iodine and bromine concentrations as functions of wind speed are also presented. The results presented here suggest that aerosol composition in coastal Antarctica is a strong function of wind speed and that the mechanisms determining aerosol composition are likely linked to blowing snow.
Reliability Measure in Content-Distribution Systems

Summary As the telecommunications industry has rapidly evolved, its software functions continuously advance. These changes have to be reflected in all client software before new services can be introduced. An inconsistent system in which client software fails to receive updated content delivers no new service to customers, causing loss of revenue, customers and even goodwill. Therefore, a reliable content delivery service is needed for such a largescaled service companies to guarantee system consistency. This investigation analyzes the queueing model of a proposed content delivery service and derives the measure of system reliability.
Gender identification of domesticated chicken using a PCR-based method.

The monomorphism of newly hatched chicks poses a problem for farmers who need to separate them. Currently, the most widely used technique is the cloacal sexing method which has a low accuracy rate. Thus, a PCR based gender determination protocol was established to obtain a higher accuracy rate than conventional sexing methods. Feathers of a day up to a week old chicks were collected for the molecular analysis using the PCR targeting the CHD-W and CHD-Z genes in the chicken’s chromosome Z and chromosome W, respectively. The results of this study showed that the PCR based gender determination protocol was a sensitive and accurate method for determining the gender of monomorphic chicks as compared to the conventional sexing method.
Differences between epiphytic assemblages on introduced Caulerpa taxifolia and coexisting eelgrass (Zostera capricorni) in Botany Bay (NSW, Australia)

SUMMARY: A preliminary study was conducted to assess the potential effects of introduced Caulerpa taxifolia (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) on the biodiversity and trophic functioning of seagrass systems in New South Wales, Australia. Epiphytic assemblages growing on fronds of C. taxifolia were compared to those on eelgrass Zostera capricorni (Aschers.) leaves in zones where both species were coexisting. The study was conducted at three shallow sites (ca. 1 m depth) in Botany Bay during austral spring. Assemblages on both C. taxifolia and Z. capricorni were dominated by epiphytic algae (ca. 65% of the total taxa) but results showed significantly greater numbers on C. taxifolia compared to Z. capricorni as well as important differences among study sites. n-MDS ordinations and PERMANOVA analyses confirmed the existence of significant differences in the assemblage compositions of C. taxifolia and Z. capricorni as well as differences between times and sites. SIMPER analysis showed that animal composition made a higher contribution to dissimilarities between habitats compared to epiphytic algae (36% vs. 23% respectively). In particular, filter-feeding organisms, associated with surfaces such as ascidians (5 taxa) and bryozoans (2 taxa) emerged as important contributing taxa. Hence, our results suggest that introduced C. taxifolia from Botany Bay is a suitable substratum for settlement of epiphytes, at least during the study period, and that observed patterns are due to differences in habitat structure. Further research is necessary to determine the influence of seasonal processes, such as production of toxic secondary metabolites, in other invaded locations of New South Wales.
QUALITY ASPECTS OF LATVIAN HIGHER EDUCATION:COMPETENCE AND COOPERATION

This paper reviews current problems in Latvian higher education. It outlines the challenges that economic and social change presents to the pedagogical process of higher education by focusing on the topicality and significance of univeristy teachers‘ pedagogical competence and professional responsibility in sustaining a meaningful and productive intellectual dialogue with students. Findings from theoretical and empirical research inform the tensions of pedagogical interaction and cooperation that are identified in the study process and described in the present paper. Insights from relevant research are used to devise a system of characteristics and features of university teachers‘ pedagogical competence to sustain effective pedagogical interaction during the study process. Opportunities are inferred and pinpointed for improving pedagogical cooperation with a view to sustaining a more solid scientific, intellectual and professional dialogue in higher education, which is seen as amenable to infusions of insights from relevant research. Potential problematic issues are apprehended in the sphere of higher education pedagogy, which are pertinent to improving the effectiveness of pedagogical interaction and enabling universities to function more efficiently.
Establishing and Maintaining Quality in Offshore-Outsourcing Services: applying the ASQ theoretical model to test its validity using relevant evidence from a Financial Data Vendor Company

Offshore-outsourcing is a popular trend across many markets and industries. There many reasons for which a company can decide to engage in offshore-outsourcing. These reasons will be different for a manufacturing company, and different for a service provider company. Following that logic; the process of offshore outsourcing will bring different challenges within the knowledge transfer stage of that process for a manufacturing plant and different for a financial data vendor company. The quality consistency is a guarantee of competitive advantage. It does not matter a service provider or a manufacturer; both types of companies must consider the aspect of quality when relocating its business processes to an offshore vendor. Quality of a physical product is easier to measure and check. Services however, and products related to the quality of data are more challenging in this aspect. This study is to investigate if a theoretical model of quality in outsourcing body of knowledge designed by American Society for Quality is applied in day-to-day activities by a financial data vendor - the Company X. It is to identify to what extent such model is used. Therefore, does it exhibit a more universal characteristic. This research also investigates the impact of intangible factors which are not directly outlined in the model. These aspects such as national culture, geographical distance and relationship between teams should also be considered when discussing the quality of product and/or service in business process outsourcing. Qualitative method was used as the most suitable for conducting this research. Eight managers working for the same Company were interviewed using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews to gather essential data.
Jellyfish: the origin and distribution of extreme ram-pressure stripping events in massive galaxy clusters

We investigate the observational signatures and physical origin of ram-pressure stripping (RPS) in 63 massive galaxy clusters at $z=0.3-0.7$, based on images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. Using a training set of a dozen "jellyfish" galaxies identified earlier in the same imaging data, we define morphological criteria to select 211 additional, less obvious cases of RPS. Spectroscopic follow-up observations of 124 candidates so far confirmed 53 as cluster members. For the brightest and most favourably aligned systems we visually derive estimates of the projected direction of motion based on the orientation of apparent compression shocks and debris trails. Our findings suggest that the onset of these events occurs primarily at large distances from the cluster core ($>400$ kpc), and that the trajectories of the affected galaxies feature high impact parameters. Simple models show that such trajectories are highly improbable for galaxy infall along filaments but common for infall at high velocities, even after observational biases are accounted for, provided the duration of the resulting RPS events is $\lesssim$500 Myr. We thus tentatively conclude that extreme RPS events are preferentially triggered by cluster mergers, an interpretation that is supported by the disturbed dynamical state of many of the host clusters. This hypothesis implies that extreme RPS might occur also near the cores of merging poor clusters or even merging groups of galaxies. Finally, we present nine additional "jellyfish" galaxies at z$>$0.3 discovered by us, thereby doubling the number of such systems known at intermediate redshift.
Executive Manager’s Opinion about Just-In-Time Implementation Status in the Middle East Industry

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the scale of implementation of Just-In-Time (JIT) in the different industrial sectors in the Middle East. This study analyzes the empirical data collected by a questionnaire survey distributed to companies in five main industrial sectors in the Middle East, which are: food, construction, chemicals, fabrics and engineering. The following two main hypotheses are formulated and tested: 1- The requirements of JIT application differ according to the type of industrial sector. 2- The elements of JIT application differ according to the type of industrial sector. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA test were used to examine the two hypotheses. This study indicates a reasonable evidence for accepting these main hypotheses. It reveals that there is no standard way to adopt JIT as a production system, where each industrial sector should concentrate in the investment on critical requirements and elements that differ according to the nature and strategy of production followed in that sector.
Pre-frailty in the elderly and the driver license test for motor vehicles

Objetivo: investigar a associacao entre a condicao de pre-fragilidade fisica e os resultados finais da habilitacao de idosos para dirigir veiculos automotores. Metodos: estudo transversal realizado com 347 idosos submetidos aos exames de habilitacao. Aplicou-se questionario estruturado, testes para avaliacao da fragilidade fisica e foram coletadas informacoes do resultado da habilitacao. Foi realizada analise estatistica descritiva e teste nao parametrico. Resultados: encontraram-se 163 (47,0%) pre-frageis, 71 (43,6%) deles possuiam forca de preensao manual diminuida, 65 (39,9%) reducao do nivel de atividade fisica e 62 (38,0%) velocidade da marcha reduzida. O resultado do exame indicou 115 (70,6%) pre-frageis aptos com restricao. A pre-fragilidade nao se associou aos resultados da habilitacao veicular (p=0,744). Conclusao: embora a condicao de pre-fragilidade tenha se mostrado elevada entre os idosos submetidos ao exame de aptidao fisica e mental para a habilitacao veicular, nao houve associacao significativa entre essa classificacao de fragilidade e o resultado da habilitacao veicular.
An attempt to prepare an effective killed vaccine with an adjuvant (green tea extract) against Salmonella typhimurium

The present research was carried out to study the efficacy of green tea extract as a potent adjuvant mixed with killed Salmonella typhimurium (S.T.) vaccine to enhance its immunization capacity during the period from September 2014 to February 2015. Three groups of mice were immunized with the mixture of S.T. and green tea extract, S.T. alone, and phosphate buffered saline. The mixture group showed the best results in cell-mediated immunity; in which a significant difference (P< 0.005) in the skin thickness was detected (1.05±0.21 after 24 h and 1.35±0.162mm after 48 h and also higher records in the ELISA 1.342±0.650 nm and 1.114±0.018 nm after 35 and 53 days from the beginning of immunization, respectively. The results were verified by examination of spleen and liver histological sections. The present study suggests the effectiveness of the green tea extract as a potent adjuvant mixed with killed Salmonella typhimurium (S.T.) vaccine for the enhance the immunization of mice.
Immigrant Student Investigation in PISA 2006: A Call for a More Nuanced Examination

Die Berichterstattung auf Basis vorliegender Daten aus PISA weist aus, dass Schuler mit Migrationshintergrund in vielen der OECD-Mitgliedstaaten im Vergleich zu ihren Mitschulern ohne Migrationshintergrund schlechtere Testergebnisse erzielen. Angesichts der rasch wachsenden Zahl von Schulern mit Migrationshintergrund in Europa haben diese beunruhigenden Befunde viel Aufmerksamkeit auf die Frage gelenkt, wie gut es verschiedenen Aufnahmelandern fur Migranten gelingt, die Bedurfnisse ihrer Schulerschaft mit Migrationshintergrund zu berucksichtigen. Aber wie akkurat sind diese Befunde? In diesem Aufsatz argumentieren wir, dass es bei Analysen auf Aggregatebene drei mogliche methodische Fallstricke gibt, die Forscher und Bildungspolitiker zu unvollstandigen oder verzerrten Einschatzungen daruber fuhren konnen, wie gut Schuler mit Migrationshintergrund in den verschiedenen OECD-Staaten abschneiden. Diese Defizite ergeben sich 1) aus der Frage, wie Schuler mit Migrationshintergrund ausgewahlt oder kategorisiert werden, 2) aus dem Niveau der Kompetenz in der Testsprache bei Migranten der Ersten Generation, und 3) durch die Art und Weise, wie Migranten der Ersten und der Zweiten Generation gruppiert werden. In diesem Aufsatz werden diese Unzulanglichkeiten und mogliche Losungen fur sie diskutiert. Normal 0 21 false false false DE X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Pretreatment of seed with H2O2 enhances drought tolerance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Drought is an important environmental constraint limiting the productivity of many crops worldwide. Seedling tolerance to drought is crucial for crop growth and development through the whole season under water-limited condition. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed pretreatment by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. H2O2-pretreated seeds exhibited 56% higher in germination rate than the water-pretreated seeds (control) under PGE-induced drought condition. Level of H2O2 in seedlings arising from H2O2-treated seeds grown under drought stress was markedly lower than the controls, indicating the operation of antioxidant system in them. These seedlings exhibited increased growth characteristics including higher net photosynthetic rate, leaf area and dry weight. Moreover, H2O2 treatment improved water use efficiency (WUE) and proline level. H2O2 pretreatment enhanced the membrane stability, as revealed from greatly reduced membrane damage rate (MDA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The seedlings showed the higher expression of antioxidative enzyme such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The present data suggest that H2O2, a stress signal, could trigger the activation of antioxidants in seeds, which persists in the seedlings to alleviate the oxidative damage, leading to improvements in physiological attributes for the seedling growth under drought. Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), seed pretreatment, H2O2, signaling, drought tolerance, membrane permeability, antioxidative system.
The roles of consumer ethnocentrism, animosity, and cosmopolitanism in sponsorship effects

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism, animosity and cosmopolitanism on the effects of sponsorships on brand affect and brand trust, using latent growth modelling (LGM) to disentangle the static and dynamic components of brand affect and brand trust. Design/methodology/approach – An online panel of UK participants reported their perceptions of a French sponsor at three successive points (before, during and at the end of the 2012 London Olympics). Of the 903 respondents at T1, 694 remained at T2 (76.8 per cent) and 577 (63.9 per cent) remained at T3. Another 302 respondents only at T3 controlled for potential mere measurement effects. The data were analysed using LGM techniques. Findings – Due to sponsorship effects, brand affect and brand trust increased linearly over time. However, consumer ethnocentrism and animosity negatively moderated these increases. Cosmopolitanism enhanced brand affect but not brand trust. Research limitations/implications – As market globalisa.