Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENHANCED SEMI-ANALYTIC METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF FRACTIONAL ORDER

In this paper, we propose a new semi-analytic approach based on the generalized Taylor series for solving nonlinear differential equations of fractional order. Assuming the solution is expanded as the generalized Taylor series, the coefficients of the series can be computed by solving the corresponding recursive relation of the coefficients which is generated by the given problem. This method is called the generalized differential transform method(GDTM). In several literatures the standard GDTM was applied in each sub-domain to obtain an accurate approximation. As noticed in [19], however, a direct application of the GDTM in each sub-domain loses a term of memory which causes an inaccurate approximation. In this work, we derive a new recursive relation of the coefficients that reflects an effect of memory. Several illustrative examples are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method is robust and accurate for solving nonlinear differential equations of fractional order.
Usability evaluation of an online patient portal in Sweden from Users' Perspectives

This study aimed to explore users’ perspectives on the usability of an online patient portal (i.e., 1177 Vårdguiden) in Sweden. By following the ISO 9241-11 framework, the usability of 1177 Vårdguiden was evaluated by the three usability dimensions (i.e., effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction) with nine users in Sweden. The users were asked to complete the given tasks, surveys, and take part in final interviews to reflect their perceptions to the online patient portal. Users were asked to think aloud as they carried out tasks. The effectiveness of the portal was just below average. However, task level satisfaction and system level satisfaction were just above average. Participants were not able to use the portal proficiently due to technical usability problems and unawareness about e-health services and relevant terminologies in some cases. Learnability of the features of the online patient portal resulted fairly high and so were the interests of the users in its features.
Light versus Dark: Commonality in Lit and Dark liquidity

Modern financial markets have experienced fragmentation in lit (displayed) order books as well as an increase in the use of dark (non-displayed) liquidity. Recent dark pool proliferation has raised regulatory and academic concerns about market quality implication. We empirically study the liquidity commonalities in lit and dark venues. We find that compared with lit venues, dark venues proportionally contribute more liquidity to the aggregate market. This is because dark pools facilitate trades that otherwise might not easily have occurred in lit venues when the spread widens and the limit order queue builds up. We also find that informed and algorithmic trading hinder liquidity creation in lit and dark venues. Evidence also suggests that stocks exhibiting low levels of informed trading across the aggregate market drive dark venues’ liquidity contribution to the market. JEL classification: G10, G14, G15
Dynamic performance analysis for wind turbine in complex conditions

The effect of dynamic performance shall be considered when calculating the wind speed relative to the wind turbine structure, since it is essential to prolong its service life. This article presents a method to get dynamic responses of a wind turbine under different conditions. The time-varying load acting on the blade is calculated by using the blade element momentum theory, and the dynamic performance of the wind turbine are calculated by applying the modal superposition method with blade loads as excitations. A platform is constructed to experimentally test the dynamic responses of the wind turbine system. The dynamic response process is adopted to carry out a dynamic analysis, and theoretical results are compared with experimental results, indicated that the analysis presented in this paper is correct. In addition, the 2 MW wind turbine operating in different wind fields is analyzed by applying the computing method. The results indicate that the wind turbine experiences a huge transverse vibration under turbulent wind, the hub vibration is intensified up to 179.52 %, and the vibration of the blade tip intensifies up to 190.41 % under the action of gusts in extreme conditions relative to the steady state, which shall be considered during design.
A Model of Coaligned Digital Innovations: The Roles of Flexible IT Infrastructure and Ambidextrous IS Process Innovations

Digital technology is a species of information and communication technology characterized by reprogrammability, the homogenization of data, and selfreferentiality. Such properties provide convergence and generativity affordances for creating multiple types of digital innovations. This study proposes a new construct “coaligned digital innovations” to capture the idea of simultaneous innovations on product, process, and business model, embodied in or enabled by digital technologies. Based on the service-dominant logic, this study posits that flexible IT infrastructure (as operand resources) can directly facilitate coaligned digital innovations or indirectly accomplish so through ambidextrous IS process innovations (operant resources). As a result, a model with three sets of research hypotheses is formulated. The potential implications are also discussed.
The Effect of Paid Preparer Competition on Individual Tax Avoidance

This study considers how competition among paid preparers affects individual tax avoidance. Merging individual tax return data reported to the IRS at the county level with household income reported by the U.S Census Bureau, along with supply of paid preparer establishments from the National Establishment Time Series (“NETS”) database, we observe that paid preparer competition is positively associated with underreporting of income, consistent with competition facilitating client appeasement for avoiding more taxes. Our results are robust to various proxies for paid preparer competition and tax avoidance. In additional analysis, we note that our findings are stronger in counties whose taxpayers more frequently engage a paid preparer and among establishments that do not purport to be a CPA firm. This study contributes to our understanding of how competition impacts financial intermediaries’ decision-making and the environmental factors affecting paid tax preparers’ recommendations.
Decomposing leverage in quantitative easing decisions: Evidence from the UK

The paper analyses the implications arising from the responses of the financial sector in the United Kingdom to the incentives determined by quantitative easing decisions. In a panel vector autoregressive framework, we examine the effects of Bank of England asset purchases on the profitability and disaggregated leverage components for different types of financial institutions, which reflect differences in the sequencing of the quantitative easing strategy. We find that quantitative easing decisions are driven by economic activity, lending rates and financial institutions’ leverage. The transmission channel of QE to the boosting of economic growth depends on the degree of financial institutions’ leverage and the securities holdings but with a diverging magnitude for the different types of UK financial institutions. EFM classification: 130; 520; 560 JEL classification: G1; G21; G28; E52
Attitudes to pupils with EBD: an implicit approach

ABSTRACT Research has shown that the attitudes of teachers towards pupils can influence their academic and social behaviour. In the context of special education needs (SEN), the same processes likely apply, and there is evidence that teachers’ attitudes influence the success of inclusive initiatives. While the literature on attitudes to pupils with SEN is limited, there is also a heavy reliance on self-reported methodologies that are susceptible to presentation bias. Across two studies, the current research employed the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to measure the implicit attitudes of teachers in training (N = 20), primary school teachers (N = 20), and post-primary teachers (N = 20) and a group of controls (N = 20) towards pupils with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD), versus the implicit attitudes of primary school teachers (N = 20) and post-primary teachers (N = 20) towards typically-developing pupils. Results indicated that teachers possessed greater negative implicit and explicit attitudes towards pupils with EBD, when compared to typically-developing pupils.
Memory-efficient self-cross-product for large matrices using R and Python

In many quantitative studies, calculations of matrix self-cross-products (B’B) are needed, where B is any matrix of interest. For matrix B with many number of rows, there might be memory limitations in storing B’B. Also, calculating B’B has a computational complexity of m 2n, for B with n and m number of rows and columns, respectively. Because B’B is symmetric, almost half of the calculations and the memory usage are redundant. The half-matrix multiplication algorithm (HMMA) was introduced, which creates B’B upper-triangular. Matrix multiplication functions %*% and crossprod in R, numpy.dot in Python, and user-defined HMMA functions hmma r and hmma py in R and Python were compared, for matrix B with 40,000 real numbers, and various dimensions. Runtime of B’B calculation was less than a second when B had more than 4 rows. The longest runtime was for B with 1 row and crossprod (21.3 sec), and then numpy.dot (9.7 sec). Considering B with 4 or less number of rows, hmma_py, %*%, and hmma r ranked 1 to 3 for the shortest runtime. The memory usage of a (40,000 × 40,000) B’B was 12.8 Gb, and the main advantage of HMMA was reducing it to the half.
Using Plant Functional Groups as a Strategy for Modeling Carbon Dynamics in Grassland Ecosystems

This paper argues for the use of plant functional groups as an important strategy for modeling carbon dynamics in grasslands. Carbon sequestration is paramount to help reduce climate change globally, and grasslands, representing 40% of all terrestrial area, can serve as primary locations of sequestration if optimal management strategies can be realized. Currently, the majority of research occurs in the field, which can take years to find what an optimal carbon sequestration strategy looks like, but modeling ecosystems offers an opportunity of realize long term management strategies for a particular locations. Current ecosystem modeling strategies tend to focus on agricultural applications or are model grassland for large regions, like Europe, or globally. Models tend to use just a few species, or only C3/C4 groups, as opposed to using C3 and C4 grasses as separate groups as well as forbs and legumes in their model. This paper lays out a justification for using the four groups in modeling in order to optimize simulation models while accounting for the importance of diversity in modeling strategies.
Getting wind of enigmatic CLIL in Italy – on the way towards Ithaca

“These are the days of the curriculum vitae, rather than the dolce vita” (Coughlan, 2012). Under the echo of this philosophy, Italy is making a revolutionary shift towards the institutionalisation of CLIL, which is both a groundbreaking and popular practice in the country. This article aims to probe into CLIL’s identity and its current state in Italy by pinpointing strengths and flaws in a long journey towards exploration. The study at its inception considers CLIL as rather “enigmatic” given its manifold profiles and characteristics in different countries. Attaining therefore a lucid understanding of CLIL emerges as a pivotal goal for an effective in situ implementation. This action research aims to cultivate both conceptual (general) and empathetic (attitudes, feelings) understanding (Allwright, 2015) that constitute the basis for exploration and action. In this framework, the study comes up with a new perceptual model, i.e. CESL (Content and Language Shared Learning) which brings about a fresh understanding of CLIL’s form and function. The research scrutinises the impact of this new approach, as well as the typology of competencies and attitudes developed throughout a full -CLIL procedure. The overall goal is to stimulate the implementation of innovations from a bottom-up vision, which is intrinsic to action research philosophy and contributes to reflective and critical insights.
Gamification Design to Tailor Gamified Educational Systems Based on Gamer Types

One of the main contemporary challenges in the field of computers and education is to provide gamified educational systems tailored according to the students’ gamer types to be most effective than traditional counter-tailored gamified educational systems in terms of students’ learning aspects. In order to start to solve this problem, we proposed an approach to tailor gamified educational systems based on the students’ gamer types. An instance of the proposed approach was implemented and an empirical experiment with 121 elementary students was conducted in order to comparatively evaluate the tailored and the counter-tailored versions of the system in terms of students’ concentration and flow experience. The main results indicate that for some gamer types the tailored system was more effective, however, in some cases, the flow experience and concentration was larger in the counter-tailored version of the system, surprising and contradicting the expectation of recent theoretical studies and making room for further studies in this field. A second empirical experiment was conducted in order to identify which are the most suitable gamification element for each gamer type, allowing us to provide a guideline for tailor gamified educational systems based on students’ gamer types.
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER: LASER MICRODISSECTION AND MICROARRAY PROFILING OF HUMAN PRENATAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

The BrainSpan atlas of the developing human brain is designed as a foundational resource for studying transcriptional mechanisms involved in human brain development. The resource is the outcome of an ARRAfunded grant through the National Institutes of Health to a consortium consisting of the Allen Institute for Brain Science; Yale University; the University of Southern California; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; the University of California, Los Angeles; and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center with strong collaborative support from the Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, which is part of the Intramural Research Program of NIMH, NIH. All data are publicly accessible via the Allen Brain Atlas data portal at www.brain-map.org or directly at www.brainspan. org.
On September 25, 2015, EPA made available for public comment its “Pesticide Registration: Draft Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments for Sulfonylureas and Certain Other Pesticides” (“Draft Risk Assessments” or “Assessments”) Docket No. EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0386;

Re: Pesticide Registration Review; Draft Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments for Sulfonylureas and Certain Other Pesticides; Notice of Availability and Request for Comment, 80 FR 57812; September 25, 2015; Docket ID: EPA–HQ–OPP–2015–0386 (“Notice”). Also referencing EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0119, EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0440, EPA-HQOPP-2009-0059, EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0560, EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0345, EPA-HQ-OPP-20080119, EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0883.
Who gains from labour market flexibility at the margin?∗

Since the 1980s, restrictions on the use of fixed-term contracts were relaxed in some European countries, but strict employment protection legislation governing permanent contracts was not reformed. This flexibility at the margin led to strong labour market segmentation with fixed-term contracts representing the majority of the employment contracts used in new hires and a significant share in total employment. In this paper, I develop a partial equilibrium search model of the labour market where workers and firms choose their employment contract upon forming a match. The decision of whether to invest in job-specific human capital is also endogenously determined. The model is estimated using French matched employer-employee data from 2005 to 2008. I use the model to evaluate whether low skilled workers have benefited from the greater flexibility due to the introduction of fixed-term contracts and to provide insights into the heterogeneity of the effects of an employment protection legislation reform. I find that fixed-term contracts do not function as stepping-stones to better jobs. Decreasing the dismissal cost of permanent contracts by 10% would reduce the share of fixed-term contracts in new hires by half a percentage point, if the destruction rate of permanent contracts were to remain unchanged. The workers that would benefit most from the decrease in the firing cost are those in the upper part of the ability distribution, namely between the 60th and 80th percentiles. Nonetheless, taxing fixed-term contracts seems more effective in reducing the share of fixed-term contracts than reducing the dismissal cost. Finally, larger gains in total output can be achieved by reducing the cost of training workers on-the-job rather than by reducing the dismissal cost of permanent contracts and the share of fixed-term contracts in new hires.
Work Disability after Motherhood and How Paternity Leave Can Help

We study how childbirth increases the likelihood of young, working mothers to claim disability insurance and how paternity leave could ease this effect. Our event study analysis uses Belgian data to show that the incidence rate of disability across gender only diverges after first-time childbirth. This "other child penalty" can be reduced with the provision of paternity leave. Our regression discontinuity difference-in-differences design shows that mothers with partners eligible for a two-week-long paternity leave spent on average 21% fewer days on disability over twelve years. Moreover, we show links between this incidence of paternity leave and consequent birth-spacing decisions.
(RIP) Cybersecurity Agility: Antecedents and Effects on Security Incident Management Effectiveness

Increased dynamism and complexity of cybersecurity threat environments mean that traditional approaches of managing cybersecurity are no longer effective to minimize the harm of cybersecurity attacks. Although comprehensive guidelines and past studies that address the issue of effective incident management are available, a conceptual model that explains and addresses organizational factors that might help or impede organizational ability to manage cybersecurity incidents effectively is yet to be developed and empirically tested. To address this gap, this research aim to develop and empirically test a conceptual model that would address the role of both social and technical part of cybersecurity infrastructure in enhancing organization’s incident management effectiveness. Based on dynamic capability perspective, a research model has been developed. Research motivation, literature review, research methodology, as well as potential research and practical implications are discussed in this manuscript.
2 Enumeration of Hamiltonian paths in a graph

2 Enumeration of Hamiltonian paths in a graph Let A = (aij) be the adjacency matrix of graph G. The corresponding Kirchhoff matrix K = (kij) is obtained from A by replacing in −A each diagonal entry by the degree of its corresponding vertex; i.e., the ith diagonal entry is identified with the degree of the ith vertex. It is well known that det K(i|i) = the number of spanning trees of G, i = 1, . , n (1) where K(i|i) is the ith principal submatrix of K. \det\mathbf{K}(i|i)=\text{ the number of spanning trees of $G$}, Let Ci(j) be the set of graphs obtained from G by attaching edge (vivj) to each spanning tree of G. Denote by Ci = ⋃ j Ci(j). It is obvious that the collection of Hamiltonian cycles is a subset of Ci. Note that the cardinality of Ci is kii det K(i|i). Let X̂ = {x̂1, . , x̂n}. $\wh X=\{\hat x_1,\dots,\hat x_n\}$ Define multiplication for the elements of X̂ by x̂ix̂j = x̂j x̂i, x̂ 2 i = 0, i, j = 1, . , n. (2) Let k̂ij = kij x̂j and k̂ij = − ∑ j 6=i k̂ij . Then the number of Hamiltonian cycles Hc is given by the relation [8] ( n ∏
Surgical results of stress incontinence treated by Trans-obturator tape (TOT): Clinical analysis of 80 cases

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Trans-obturator tape (TOT) in the surgical treatment of stress incontinence and analyze the postoperative clinical outcome. Methods: Between August 2004 and September 2005, females diagnosed as having stress incontinence (pure or mixed) were operated on using TOT. Eighty cases with more than three-month follow-up period were included for this study. Results: Patient age ranged from 28 to 74 years (mean, 58). After surgical treatment using TOT, 74 cases (92.5%) of stress incontinence showed complete recovery, 4 cases (5%) showed partial recovery, and 2 cases (2.5%) were unchanged without further functional deterioration. Urgency in the mixed incontinence was improved in 30 in 36 cases (83.3%) and frequency was changed for the better in 20 of 27 cases (62.9%). The mean operation time was 14.3 minutes and the mean hospital stay was six hours. Postoperative evaluation with cystoscope was unnecessary. The postoperative complication rate was 10% (8/80). Postoperative wound bleeding occurred in one case and intraoperative bladder perforation happened in one case. Postoperative transient urgency was developed in one case and postoperative transient frequency developed in three cases. Two patients complained of weak urinary stream. Conclusion: The surgical treatment using TOT is thought to be a safe and efficient means for the outpatient management of stress incontinence. And also, this method appears to have an effect on urgency and frequency.
Generation of Herbicide-Resistant Soybean by Base Editing

Simple Summary Soybean is a prominent grain and oil crop in the world. The production of soybean is threatened by weed competition. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated base editing, which can cause irreversible nucleotide changes in target loci, has been widely used in basic plant science and breeding. However, until now, herbicide-resistant traits in soybean have not been created by the base editor. The objective of this study was to modify different AHAS homologous alleles by base editor to generate a novel AHAS-inhibiting herbicide-resistant soybean. Our results showed that the GmAHAS4 P180S mutants have apparent resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, which will be beneficial for weed control in soybean production. Abstract Weeds cause the largest yield loss in soybean production. The development of herbicide-resistant soybean germplasm is of great significance for weed control and yield improvement. In this study, we used the cytosine base editor (BE3) to develop novel herbicide-resistant soybean. We have successfully introduced base substitutions in GmAHAS3 and GmAHAS4 and obtained a heritable transgene-free soybean with homozygous P180S mutation in GmAHAS4. The GmAHAS4 P180S mutants have apparent resistance to chlorsulfuron, flucarbazone-sodium, and flumetsulam. In particular, the resistance to chlorsulfuron was more than 100 times that of with wild type TL-1. The agronomic performance of the GmAHAS4 P180S mutants showed no significant differences to TL-1 under natural growth conditions. In addition, we developed allele-specific PCR markers for the GmAHAS4 P180S mutants, which can easily discriminate homozygous, heterozygous mutants, and wild-type plants. This study demonstrates a feasible and effective way to generate herbicide-resistant soybean by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated base editing.