Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Today's social network sites: An analysis of emerging security risks and their counter measures

The concept of social networking sites boomed in this modern era of globalization as it opens the door for the people to communicate with each other despite thinking about geographical distances. Perceived benefits from these social networks are not limited to only connecting people but provide more than that such as sharing media contents, opinions about a topic, promoting business through digital marketing and staying up to date with recent stories around the world. A number of social network sites are available today, some of which are considered as giants in this domain such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Friendster, and Tribe. The wide adoption of these social networking sites urged researchers to think about security concerns, as when the communication is over the internet; there is always a higher probability that confidentiality of personal information can be compromised. With the pursuit of security goals, existing studies share the knowledge about different types of attacks and techniques used by malicious entities to strike against these social sites. To defend these attacks, different security measures have been adopted by organizations providing social networking services. Substantial discussions about the adoption of social sites, possible attacks and their countermeasures in contemporary studies became the motivation for this research. In this paper, we have introduced a taxonomy of social websites attacks and provided our literature survey results that help to categorize possible attacks and preferred counteractions to defense against these attacks. For now, this categorization is based on the type of communication used and attacker'a s goals. Further, we are interested in investigating the security of social sites with respect to users.
The influence of temperature on egg composition in the grey partridge Perdix perdix

Variations in egg size and composition can have important consequences for the quality of offspring. We investigated the effect of temperature, in the 5 days preceding laying, on yolk, albumen, shell and total egg mass. Moreover, we examined the influence of temperature on three important egg components, i.e. the yolk carotenoids and the albumen lysozyme and avidin. In our experimental condition food was provided ad libitum, hence we were able to remove the possible indirect effects of temperature due to a concomitant effect of temperature on food availability. Temperature on the day immediately before laying (day −1) was positively related to total egg mass and albumen mass, and negatively related to shell mass. Yolk mass was positively related to temperature in the day farthest from laying (day −5). These findings are in line with the predicted timing of the maturation of egg follicle, with yolk deposition preceding albumen and shell formation. Carotenoids and lysozyme concentration did not vary in relation to temperature, while avidin concentration was positively related to the temperature on day −1. Avidin is an albumen antibacterial substance, that could play a beneficial role during the embryonic development phases. Our results suggest that ambient temperature is an environmental factor that should be considered together with genetic and maternal effects in studies of egg quality and reproductive success.
What happens with the fluid replacement in the septic surgical patient?

1. Dr. Hadzic is a shareholder at Macosta-Medical USA (Houston, TX); none of the remaining authors have financial interest in the device used in the study. In hindsight, although we simply studied the effect of injection pressures on epidural spread during lumbar plexus block rather than the actual devices or means of monitoring, this probably would have been best disclosed a priori. 2. It would be logical to assume that a small volume of injectate is unlikely to lead to epidural/contralateral spread of the local anesthetic, regardless of the injection pressure. Our findings, however, specifically indicate that high injection pressure during a standard single-shot technique of lumbar plexus block using 35 ml carries a significant risk of this complication. Administration of local anesthetic through a small-gauge indwelling catheter may involve an entirely different process and/or injection pressure considerations. This was not the subject of our study, and I do not have data to comment on this objectively. 3. I appreciate Dr. Ben-David’s description of an alternative technique consisting of paravertebral L1 to L2 low-volume injections for postoperative analgesia after hip arthroscopy. In our study, a lumbar plexus block was used as anesthesia for knee surgery, rather than for postoperative analgesia as in Dr. Ben-David’s publication. Equating anesthesia with analgesia remains a common source of discussion bias when discussing regional techniques; techniques used for analgesia are not universally interchangeable with techniques used for anesthesia. Finally, an anecdotal publication of two successful patient management scenarios using a new technique does not support claims of greater safety, efficacy, and ease-of-use advantages.
Chronic Exposure to Aluminum Impairs Neuronal Glutamate‐Nitric Oxide‐Cyclic GMP Pathway

Abstract: Humans are exposed to aluminum from environmental sources and therapeutic treatments. However, aluminum is neurotoxic and is considered a possible etiologic factor in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. The molecular mechanism of aluminum neurotoxicity is not understood. We tested the effects of aluminum on the glutamate‐nitric oxide‐cyclic GMP pathway in cultured neurons. Neurons were exposed to 50 µM aluminum in culture medium for short‐term (4 h) or long‐term (8–14 days) periods, or rats were prenatally exposed, i.e., 3.7% aluminum sulfate in the drinking water, during gestation. Chronic (but not short‐term) exposure of neurons to aluminum decreased glutamate‐induced activation of nitric oxide synthase by 38% and the formation of cyclic GMP by 77%. The formation of cyclic GMP induced by the nitric oxide‐generating agent S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine was reduced by 33%. In neurons from rats prenatally exposed to aluminum but not exposed to it during culture, glutamate‐induced formation of cyclic GMP was inhibited by 81%, and activation of nitric oxide synthase was decreased by 85%. The formation of cyclic GMP induced by S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine was not affected. These results indicate that chronic exposure to aluminum impairs glutamate‐induced activation of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide‐induced activation of guanylate cyclase. Impairment of the glutamate‐nitric oxide‐cyclic GMP pathway in neurons may contribute to aluminum neurotoxicity.
Business process management: a review and evaluation

The area of business process management (BPM) is a relatively new field and there is little academic literature on the subject. This paper critically examines the literature to pinpoint BPM definitions, approaches and principles. A study is reported of a business unit of a “world class” organisation to examine its application of BPM. It was found that the principles of BPM espoused by the corporate organisation and its approach to BPM application is along the lines of best practice as outlined in the literature. However, in the business unit examined, there is an inadequate understanding of BPM and the application of BPM principles is haphazard. For example, it was discovered that employees have too little time to spend on process simplification and improvement and there are too many in‐process measures for process owners to make effective use of the information. It is also pointed out that if BPM is to be truly effective it requires cross‐functional and process orientated management, which is not easy to attain.
Chromatin Loosening by Poly(ADP)-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) at Drosophila Puff Loci

Steroid response and stress-activated genes such ashsp70 undergo puffing in Drosophila larval salivary glands, a local loosening of polytene chromatin structure associated with gene induction. We find that puffs acquire elevated levels of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose modified proteins and that poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) is required to produce normal-sized puffs and normal amounts of Hsp70 after heat exposure. We propose that chromosomal PARP molecules become activated by developmental or environmental cues and strip nearby chromatin proteins off DNA to generate a puff. Such local loosening may facilitate transcription and may transiently make protein complexes more accessible to modification, promoting chromatin remodeling during development.
Defining the determinants of endurance running performance in the heat

ABSTRACT In cool conditions, physiologic markers accurately predict endurance performance, but it is unclear whether thermal strain and perceived thermal strain modify the strength of these relationships. This study examined the relationships between traditional determinants of endurance performance and time to complete a 5-km time trial in the heat. Seventeen club runners completed graded exercise tests (GXT) in hot (GXTHOT; 32°C, 60% RH, 27.2°C WBGT) and cool conditions (GXTCOOL; 13°C, 50% RH, 9.3°C WBGT) to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), running economy (RE), velocity at V̇O2max (vV̇O2max), and running speeds corresponding to the lactate threshold (LT, 2 mmol.l−1) and lactate turnpoint (LTP, 4 mmol.l−1). Simultaneous multiple linear regression was used to predict 5 km time, using these determinants, indicating neither GXTHOT (R2 = 0.72) nor GXTCOOL (R2 = 0.86) predicted performance in the heat as strongly has previously been reported in cool conditions. vV̇O2max was the strongest individual predictor of performance, both when assessed in GXTHOT (r = −0.83) and GXTCOOL (r = −0.90). The GXTs revealed the following correlations for individual predictors in GXTHOT; V̇O2max r = −0.7, RE r = 0.36, LT r = −0.77, LTP r = −0.78 and in GXTCOOL; V̇O2max r = −0.67, RE r = 0.62, LT r = −0.79, LTP r = −0.8. These data indicate (i) GXTHOT does not predict 5 km running performance in the heat as strongly as a GXTCOOL, (ii) as in cool conditions, vV̇O2max may best predict running performance in the heat.
Physical analysis of phr gene transcription in Escherichia coli K-12

The phr gene of Escherichia coli K-12 encodes the light-dependent, DNA repair enzyme photolyase, which removes UV light-induced pyrimidine dimers from cellular DNA. From Southern hybridization analysis of several strains containing successively extended phr deletions, we have determined the direction of transcription of the phr gene on the E. coli K-12 chromosome. Northern (RNA) hybridization analysis suggests that the phr gene is cotranscribed with a previously identified gene of unknown function (orf169) into two messages of different lengths. S1 nuclease mapping analysis indicates that the two transcripts share a single termination site but initiate at two different sites. Finally, we have determined that the presence of orf169 is not necessary for phr gene activity in vivo.
Fractional-Order Identification and Control of Heating Processes with Non-Continuous Materials

The paper presents a fractional order model of a heating process and a comparison of fractional and standard PI controllers in its closed loop system. Preliminarily, an enhanced fractional order model for the heating process on non-continuous materials has been identified through a fitting algorithm on experimental data. Experimentation has been carried out on a finite length beam filled with three non-continuous materials (air, styrofoam, metal buckshots) in order to identify a model in the frequency domain and to obtain a relationship between the fractional order of the heating process and the different materials’ properties. A comparison between the experimental model and the theoretical one has been performed, proving a significant enhancement of the fitting performances. Moreover the obtained modelling results confirm the fractional nature of the heating processes when diffusion occurs in non-continuous composite materials, and they show how the model’s fractional order can be used as a characteristic parameter for non-continuous materials with different composition and structure. Finally, three different kinds of controllers have been applied and compared in order to keep constant the beam temperature constant at a fixed length.
Attenuated transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in the aged rat brain

The aged nervous system displays impaired cognitive functions, and these impairments are exacerbated in several neurodegenerative diseases. A role for oxidative stress has been suggested for several of these age‐associated dysfunctions. In addition, recovery from more acute traumatic insults that also generate oxidative stress is impaired in the aged. Here we examine the response of aged rat hippocampi to normobaric hyperoxia treatments and demonstrate an attenuation in the DNA binding activity of the AP‐1 and nuclear factor‐κB transcription factors, which are important components of stress response signal transduction pathways and can determine shifts in cellular commitments to necrosis, apoptosis, or functional recovery in the central nervous system. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planning and Navigation by a Mobile Robot in the Presence of Multiple Moving Obstacles and Their Velocities

This paper presents a navigation scheme for a mobile robot which works even in an environment with multiple moving obstacles. An “iterated forecast and planning” approach is proposed by the authors. It is assumed that each obstacle moves at a constant velocity in the approach. The most feasible path for a robot is planned in (x, y, t) space. The planning and motion according to the plan are iterated frequently to cope with changes of motion of the moving obstacles. The behavior of proposed navigation algorithm is also presented by means of computer simulations.
Molecular Characterization of PauR and Its Role in Control of Putrescine and Cadaverine Catabolism through the γ-Glutamylation Pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 grows on a variety of polyamines as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Catabolism of polyamines is mediated by the γ-glutamylation pathway, which is complicated by the existence of multiple homologous enzymes with redundant specificities toward different polyamines for a more diverse metabolic capacity in this organism. Through a series of markerless gene knockout mutants and complementation tests, specific combinations of pauABCD (polyamine utilization) genes were deciphered for catabolism of different polyamines. Among six pauA genes, expression of pauA1, pauA2, pauA4, and pauA5 was found to be inducible by diamines putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) but not by diaminopropane. Activation of these promoters was regulated by the PauR repressor, as evidenced by constitutively active promoters in the pauR mutant. The activities of these promoters were further enhanced by exogenous PUT or CAD in the mutant devoid of all six pauA genes. The recombinant PauR protein with a hexahistidine tag at its N terminus was purified, and specific bindings of PauR to the promoter regions of most pau operons were demonstrated by electromobility shift assays. Potential interactions of PUT and CAD with PauR were also suggested by chemical cross-linkage analysis with glutaraldehyde. In comparison, growth on PUT was more proficient than that on CAD, and this observed growth phenotype was reflected in a strong catabolite repression of pauA promoter activation by CAD but was completely absent as reflected by activation by PUT. In summary, this study clearly establishes the function of PauR in control of pau promoters in response to PUT and CAD for their catabolism through the γ-glutamylation pathway.
Quantitative Analysis of Lateral Root Development: Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them[C]

The advent of the postgenomics era has led to increased interest in exploring the role of gene networks and signaling pathways in controlling plant development. The last two decades have seen a particular increase in the number of studies focusing on the development of the Arabidopsis thaliana root system. However, the investigation of such a seemingly simple system as an Arabidopsis root can lead to problems in quantification and errors in interpretation if knowledge of root organization is lacking. In this article, we identify a number of these problems and give examples of potentially erroneous and correct determinations of lateral root parameters. Our aim is to bring this important issue to the attention of the plant science community and to suggest ways in which the problems inherent in quantifying the process of lateral root development can be avoided.
Blueberry Supplementation Enhances Signaling and Prevents Behavioral Deficits in an Alzheimer Disease Model

Abstract Previously, we showed that blueberry (BB) supplementation reversed the deleterious effects of aging on motor behavior and neuronal signaling in senescent rodents. We now report that BB-fed (from 4 months of age) APP+PS1 transgenic mice showed no deficits in Y-maze performance (at 12 months of age) with no alterations in amyloid beta burden. It appeared that the protective mechanisms are derived from BB-induced enhancement of memory-associated neuronal signaling (e.g. extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and alterations in neutral sphingomyelin-specific phospholipase C activity. Thus, our data indicate for the first time that it may be possible to overcome genetic predispositions to Alzheimer disease through diet.
Intrusion detection system using hybrid binary PSO and K-nearest neighborhood algorithm

At this time computer networks have been widely used to exchange confidential data information between server to mobile devices and desktop. Although there are several security methods such as access control, data encryption and the use of hardware or software as a firewall, unauthorized access through computer networks to obtain confidential data information is increasing. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection mechanism based on binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) and k-nearest-neighbor (k-NN) algorithms. Preliminary experiments show that our approach successfully increased up to 2% of accuracy generated by k-nearest-neighbor (k-NN) algorithms.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF WILD EMMER WHEAT IN JORDAN

A study was designed to sample and characterize 12 populations of wild emmer wheat in Jordan at the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin and allozyme levels. Data were collected and individual plants were sampled from 207 permanent sampling points in three central, three peripheral, and six marginal populations during all or part of a five-year study period. Patterns of variation, based on four HMWglutenin and 36 allozyme loci, were used in characterizing these populations. Polymorphisms, based on HMW-glutenins and allozymes, decreased with increasing aridity of the collection site. A large portion of the HMW-glutenin(61.1%) and allozyme (62.7%) variant alleles were localized. Gene differentiation estimates, based on HMW-glutenins and allozymes among (60.8 and 65.8%, respectively) and within (39.2 and 34.2%, respectively) populations, were high and comparatively similar; however less variation was partitioned among the Jordanian populations when compared to populations in the more mesic parts of the Fertile Crescent. Environmental heterogeneity may have been involved in generating significant spatial structuring in these populations at the HMW-glutenin and allozyme levels. A gradual increase in allozymic monomorphism with aridity suggests that polymorphism is more likely to be found in heterogeneous environments. Changes in population size and total loss of small populations are warning signs that these populations may be vulnerable. Results of the present study are expected to complement the existing body of knowledge on the species and enhance the understanding of its genetic differentiation and evolution across large parts of the Fertile Crescent. The preservation of the endangered, and yet valuable, genetic diversity present in Jordanian wild emmer wheat populations, as an integral part of a holistic regional approach to biodiversity conservation, is urgent. Present address: Plant Genetic Resources Program, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, ICBA P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, UAE. E-mail: aajaradat@hotmail.com INTRODUCTION Wild plant populations adapt, at the morphological (Allard et al., 1968), developmental (Jaradat and Humeid, 1990), allozyme (Nevo, 1987; Nevo et al., 1988a,b, 1991; Nevo and Beiles, 1989), and seed storage protein (Levy and Feldman, 1988; 1989; Nevo, 1983; Felsenburg et al., 1991) levels, to habitat variation to meet the local macroand microenvironmental conditions. This adaptation potential in wild emmer wheat explains its distribution over a large ecological amplitude in the Fertile Crescent. A few studies (Felsenburg et al., 1991; Nevo et al., 1991) have addressed the long-term fluctuation in the range and pattern of genetic variation, both within and among populations of wild emmer wheat, as affected by yearly climatic changes. Information from such longterm studies is necessary for devising better strategies for the in situ conservation and ex situ sampling of the
Resistant Hypertension and Associated Comorbidities in a Veterans Affairs Population

Resistant hypertension (RH) is understudied and its reported prevalence varies with study populations. The authors sought to determine its prevalence and association with certain comorbid conditions in a Veterans Affairs population. This cross‐sectional study utilized demographic and clinical data from 17,466 patients. Chi‐square or t test was used for comparing groups with and without RH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent associations. Overall, the prevalence of RH was 9%, and 13% of all hypertensive patients met criteria for RH. After adjusting for confounding variables, RH was significantly associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.007), higher body mass index (OR, 1.04), Framingham score (OR, 1.14), and coexisting coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.3, 1.32, 1.29, 2.88, 2.13, 1.2, 1.12, and 1.2, respectively; all P<.05). Our results indicate a complex interplay of certain comorbid conditions among patients with RH and suggest the need for multifaceted interventions in this high‐risk population to prevent cardiovascular events.
The Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function

The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) constructs routes by using Objective Functions that optimize or constrain the routes it selects and uses. This specification describes the Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF), an Objective Function that selects routes that minimize a metric, while using hysteresis to reduce churn in response to small metric changes. MRHOF works with additive metrics along a route, and the metrics it uses are determined by the metrics that the RPL Destination Information Object (DIO) messages advertise. [STANDARDS-TRACK]