Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Controversies

Nitrotyrosine is widely used as a marker of post-translational modification by the nitric oxide (⋅NO, nitrogen monoxide)-derived oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO−). However, since the discovery that myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) can generate nitrotyrosine via oxidation of nitrite (NO 2 − ), several questions have arisen. First, the relative contribution of peroxidases to nitrotyrosine formation in vivo is unknown. Further, although evidence suggests that the one-electron oxidation product, nitrogen dioxide (⋅NO2), is the primary species formed, neither a direct demonstration that peroxidases form this gas nor studies designed to test for the possible concomitant formation of the two-electron oxidation product, ONOO−, have been reported. Using multiple distinct models of acute inflammation with EPO- and MPO-knockout mice, we now demonstrate that leukocyte peroxidases participate in nitrotyrosine formation in vivo. In some models, MPO and EPO played a dominant role, accounting for the majority of nitrotyrosine formed. However, in other leukocyte-rich acute inflammatory models, no contribution for either MPO or EPO to nitrotyrosine formation could be demonstrated. Head-space gas analysis of helium-swept reaction mixtures provides direct evidence that leukocyte peroxidases catalytically generate ⋅NO2formation using H2O2 and NO 2 − as substrates. However, formation of an additional oxidant was suggested since both enzymes promote NO 2 − -dependent hydroxylation of targets under acidic conditions, a chemical reactivity shared with ONOO− but not ⋅NO2. Collectively, our results demonstrate that: 1) MPO and EPO contribute to tyrosine nitration in vivo; 2) the major reactive nitrogen species formed by leukocyte peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NO 2 − is the one-electron oxidation product, ⋅NO2; 3) as a minor reaction, peroxidases may also catalyze the two-electron oxidation of NO 2 − , producing a ONOO−-like product. We speculate that the latter reaction generates a labile Fe-ONOO complex, which may be released following protonation under acidic conditions such as might exist at sites of inflammation.
A novel approach to implement generic load restoration in continuation-based quasi-steady-state analysis

This work presents a new approach to deal with load restoration in the continuation-based Quasi-Steady-State (CQSS) analysis. By appropriately choosing the continuation parameter, the differential equations representing the load restoration dynamics are eliminated in Quasi-Steady-State (QSS) simulation. This method will improve the speed of simulation and will take into account short-term load characteristics. Numerical results are illustrated on a small test system.
Design of a transcutaneous energy transmission system using a series resonant converter

A full-bridge, zero-voltage-switched, series resonant converter which transfers 12-48 W of power (regulated voltage) across a large, variable air gap has been designed and built. This converter can power an artificial heart through intact skin by utilizing a transformer with an air gap of 1-2 cm between the primary winding and the secondary winding. The secondary winding would be implanted under the skin, and the primary would be placed on top of the secondary outside the body. The steady-state operation of an experimental transcutaneous power supply has been accurately predicted by theoretical analysis. The small-signal behavior of a transcutaneous DC-DC converter has been characterized. This task has been accomplished by applying already existing theory for a series resonant converter to this application. The small-signal behavior is also verified by experimental measurements. A control loop has been designed to ensure stability and optimum regulator performance. <<ETX>>
Light Field Video Capture Using a Learning-Based Hybrid Imaging System

Time slice photography is a popular e ect that visualizes the passing of time by aligning and stitching multiple images capturing the same scene at di erent times together into a single image. Extending this e ect to video is a di cult problem, and one where existing solutions have only had limited success. In this paper, we propose an easy-to-use and robust system for creating time slice videos from a wide variety of consumer videos. The main technical challenge we address is how to align videos taken at di erent times with substantially di erent appearances, in the presence of moving objects and moving cameras with slightly di erent trajectories. To achieve a temporally stable alignment, we perform a mixed 2D-3D alignment, where a rough 3D reconstruction is used to generate sparse constraints that are integrated into a pixelwise 2D registration. We apply our method to a number of challenging scenarios, and show that we can achieve a higher quality registration than prior work. We propose a 3D user interface that allows the user to easily specify how multiple videos should be composited in space and time. Finally, we show that our alignment method can be applied in more general video editing and compositing tasks, such as object removal.
Oasis: Procedurally Generated Social Virtual Spaces from 3D Scanned Real Spaces

We present Oasis, a novel system for automatically generating immersive and interactive virtual reality environments for single and multiuser experiences. Oasis enables real-walking in the generated virtual environment by capturing indoor scenes in 3D and mapping walkable areas. It makes use of available depth information for recognizing objects in the real environment which are paired with virtual counterparts to leverage the physicality of the real world, for a more immersive virtual experience. Oasis allows co-located and remotely located users to interact seamlessly and walk naturally in a shared virtual environment. Experiencing virtual reality with currently available devices can be cumbersome due to presence of objects and furniture which need to be removed every time the user wishes to use VR. Our approach is new, in that it allows casual users to easily create virtual reality environments in any indoor space without rearranging furniture or requiring specialized equipment, skill or training. We demonstrate our approach to overlay a virtual environment over an existing physical space through fully working single and multiuser systems implemented on a Tango tablet device.
TGF‐β regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

The predominant effect of TGF‐β1 on cell proliferation is inhibition. Earlier studies demonstrated that TGF‐β1 inhibition of skin keratinocyte proliferation involves suppression of c‐myc transcription and indirect evidence suggested that the protein product of the retinoblastoma gene (pRB) may be involved in this process. Skin keratinocytes transformed by SV40 and human papilloma virus‐16 (HPV‐16) or HPV‐18 resisted growth inhibition and suppression of c‐myc mRNA by TGF‐β. Transient expression of HPV‐16 E7 gene, adenovirus E1A, and SV40 large T antigen (TAg) blocked the TGF‐β1 suppression of c‐myc transcription. Studies with transformation‐defective mutants of E1A and TAg suggested that a cellular protein(s) that interacts with a conserved domain of the DNA tumor virus oncoproteins mediates TGF‐β1 suppression of c‐myc transcription and keratinocyte growth. Transient expression of pRB in skin keratinocytes repressed human c‐myc promoter/CAT transcription as effectively as TGF‐β1. The same c‐myc promoter region, termed the TGF‐β Control Element (TCE), was required for regulation by both TGF‐β1 and pRB. TCE bound a cellular protein of approximately 106 kDa and this binding was decreased by TGF‐β1 treatment. Our data indicate that pRB can inhibit c‐myc transcription and suggest the involvement of cellular factor(s) in addition to pRB in the TGF‐β1 pathway for the suppression of c‐myc transcription and growth inhibition. The possible involvement of pRB in the TGF‐β1 pathway for suppression of c‐myc transcription has a number of implications; c‐myc is a cellular proto‐oncogene involved in positively regulating cell proliferation. TGF‐β1 may therefore act through the tumor suppressor gene product, pRB, to negatively regulate c‐myc transcription and subsequently cell growth. This would implicate tumor suppressor genes in the response pathway for diffusible growth inhibitors, perhaps analogous to nuclear proto‐oncogene involvement in the growth factor pathway. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Translation from Russian

In pursuing the current housing policies, the government continues to focus on the needs of socially vulnerable people, making the new emphasis on resolving the housing problems of the bulk of working people who have middle income, savings, and homes in ownership after free privatization. The principal solution for these people is long-term mortgage lending, and this Concept reviews the possibility and requirement for its launching.
Synchronization Analysis for Nonlinearly Coupled Complex Networks of Non-delayed and Delayed Coupling with Asymmetrical Coupling Matrices

This paper investigates the global exponential synchronization of nonlinearly coupled complex net- works with non-delayed and delayed coupling, as well as with asymmetrical coupling matrices. Sufficient conditions for global synchronization are obtained based on Lyapunov stability theory. Additionally, the oth- er distinctive feature of this work is that the coupling matrices are not necessarily symmetric. Moreover, numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Improved Microautoradiographic Method to Determine Individual Microorganisms Active in Substrate Uptake in Natural Waters

We report a method which combines epifluorescence microscopy and microautoradiography to determine both the total number of microorganisms in natural water populations and those individual organisms active in the uptake of specific substrates. After incubation with 3H-labeled substrate, the sample is filtered and, while still on the filter, mounted directly in a film of autoradiographic emulsion on a microscope slide. The microautoradiogram is processed and stained with acridine orange, and, subsequently, the filter is removed before microscopic observation. This novel preparation resulted in increased accuracy in direct counts made from the autoradiogram, improved sensitivity in the recognition of uptake-active (3H-labeled) organisms, and enumeration of a significantly greater number of labeled organisms compared with corresponding samples prepared by a previously reported method.
Animation of the Biological Pollutants Propagation on Large-Scale Water Surface

We present a method to animate the propagation of biological pollutants (e.g., algae, water hyacinth etc.) on large-scale water surface. In this paper, we focus on the clusters and large patches of aquatic plants rather than each single aquatic plant. The interface between water surface and the patches is represented by 2D dynamic curve. We present a 2D level set based model to animate the dynamic evolution and propagation of the interface. To handle boundaries in large-scale virtual environment, we propose a 2D voxelization method which provides the boundary condition for the level set based propagation model. Finally, we simulate the algae propagation phenomenon in Taihu Lake. The application results show that our method is intuitively implemented and convenient to produce visually interesting results.
Does Median Voter Income Matter? The Effects of Inequality and Turnout on Government Spending

This article examines the relationship between economic inequality, electoral turnout and redistributive spending. I use the Current Population Survey to create direct measures of the income of the median voter to investigate its effect on spending and its relationship with inequality and turnout. In the 50 US states from 1978 to 2002, I find little effect of these direct measures on redistributive outcomes; nor do the individual characteristics of the median voter appear to mediate the effects of turnout and inequality measured at the state level. Thus I find no support for the contention that turnout affects government spending via increasing the political representation of the poor. In contrast to cross-national findings, across US states the income of the median voter is not strongly affected by turnout, but rather by other state characteristics.
Molecular Investigation and Phylogeny of Anaplasma spp. in Mediterranean Ruminants Reveal the Presence of Neutrophil-Tropic Strains Closely Related to A. platys

ABSTRACT Few data are available on the prevalence and molecular typing of species belonging to the genus Anaplasma in Mediterranean ruminants. In this study, PCR analysis and sequencing of both 16S rRNA and groEL genes were combined to investigate the presence, prevalence, and molecular traits of Anaplasma spp. in ruminants sampled on the Island of Sardinia, chosen as a subtropical representative area. The results demonstrate a high prevalence of Anaplasma spp. in ruminants, with animals infected by at least four of six Anaplasma species (Anaplasma marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, and A. phagocytophilum). Moreover, ruminants host a number of neutrophil-tropic strains genetically closely related to the canine pathogen A. platys. The high Anaplasma spp. prevalence and the identification of as-yet-unclassified neutrophil-tropic strains raise concerns about the specificity of serological tests routinely used in ruminants and provide additional background for reconstructing the evolutionary history of species genetically related to A. phagocytophilum.
A Framework of Monte Carlo Simulation for Examining the Uncertainty-Investment Relationship

This paper argues that increased uncertainty, in certain situations, may actually encourage investment. Since earlier studies mostly base their arguments on the assumption of geometric Brownian motion, the study extends the assumption to alternative stochastic processes, such as mixed diffusion-jump, mean-reverting process, and jump amplitude process. A general approach of Monte Carlo simulation is developed to derive optimal investment trigger for the situation that the closed-form solution could not be readily obtained under the assumption of alternative process. The main finding is that the overall effect of uncertainty on investment is interpreted by the probability of investing, and the relationship appears to be an invested U-shaped curve between uncertainty and investment. The implication is that uncertainty does not always discourage investment even under several sources of uncertainty. Furthermore, high-risk projects are not always dominated by low-risk projects because the high-risk projects may have a positive realization effect on encouraging investment. Keywords—real options, geometric Brownian motion, mixed diffusion-jump process, meanreverting process, jump amplitude process
RAZVAN FETECAU AND

We present two new model equations for the unidirectional propagation of long waves in dispersive media for the specific purpose of modeling water waves. The derivation of the new equations uses a Padé (2,2) approximation of the phase velocity that arises in the linear water wave theory. Unlike the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation and similarly to the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation, our models have a bounded dispersion relation. At the same time, the equations we propose provide the best approximation of the phase velocity for small wave numbers that can be obtained with third-order equations. We note that the new model equations can be transformed into previously studied models, such as the BBM and the Burgers-Poisson equations. It is therefore straightforward to establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the new equations. We also show that the distance between the solutions of one of the new equations, the KdV equation, and the BBM equation, is of the small order that is formally neglected by all models.
[Qualitative and quantitative studies on Chinese drug maidong].

OBJECTIVE To explore a better approach to controlling the quality of Maidong. METHOD The differences between Ophiopogon japonicus and the plants belonging to Liriope genus were identified by TLC. The total saponins in plants collected from different areas were determined by spectrophotometry, using HClO4 as the staining agent. RESULTS The quantity of Maidong markedly varies with producing areas. CONCLUSION This method is convenient and effective, and the MeOH extract of samples can be determined directly after reaction with HClO4 without preliminary treatment. The RSD was 0.75% (n = 5).
Serial cine‐magnetic resonance imaging of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats

The purpose of the present study was the serial investigation of morphological and functional changes after left coronary artery ligation in the intact rat using cine‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI studies were performed 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) with an echocardiogram (ECG)‐triggered cine‐fast low‐angle shot (FLASH)‐sequence in a 7‐Tesla magnet. MI‐size, left ventricular (LV) mass and volumes, cardiac index, ejection fraction (EF), and remote wall and scar thickness of 11 Wistar rats were compared to four sham‐operated rats. Stress MRI with dobutamine (10 μl/kg × minute) was performed at 16 weeks. In MI groups (small MI < 30%, N = 5, large MI > 30%, N = 6), there was significant increase of LV mass (small MI + 47.8% increase, large MI + 74.1%) and wall thickness (large MI 1.21 ± 0.03 to 1.84 ± 0.07 mm). Scar thickness declined from four to 16 weeks (large MI 0.92 ± 0.06 to 0.38 ± 0.02mm, P < 0.05). End‐diastolic volume of both MI groups was significantly elevated but increased further only in animals with large MI from four to 16 weeks (657.1 ± 38.6 to 869.7 ± 60.7 μL, P < 0.05). Compared to sham, EF was significantly depressed in MI (large MI 31.5 ± 2.0%). Wall thickening declined from four to 16 weeks post‐MI (large MI 50.9 ± 9.9 to 28.9 ± 4.4%, P < 0.05). During stress, sham and MI rats increased wall thickening from 66.5 ± 8.2 to 111.2 ± 6.7% and from 30.8 ± 4.3 to 47.5 ± 5.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Hypertrophy was found in all animals with MI throughout the entire period of observation, whereas dilatation after four weeks was only detected in animals with large MI. These morphologic changes were accompanied by an early decline of EF; myocardial function characterized by wall thickening deteriorated later. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:547–555. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved Canny algorithm based on adaptive 2D-Otsu and Newton Iterative

As traditional Canny operator is manually determined in the threshold for edge detection, we presented an improved Canny algorithm based on adaptive two-dimensional Otsu and Newton Iterative. The algorithm bases on gray distribution characteristics of underwater suspended particles, it uses inter-class variance (Otsu) adaptive algorithm to determine the optimal threshold to connect and trace edge. To reduce computational complexity and traversal cycle, improve real-time capability in Otsu, we employ the Newton iteration method to quickly converge to the optimal high and low threshold of Canny Algorithm. The experimental results show that it can solve the contradiction between the noise filtering and edge maintenance. Therefore, it has strong robustness and adaptability.
Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in diseases of the extrahepatic biliary system

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is one of the most recent advances in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Available EUS devices include echoendoscopes, such as radial scanning and linear array echoendoscopes, and catheter ultrasound probes. Endoscopic ultrasonography has various applications, such as staging of gastrointestinal malignancy, evaluation of submucosal tumors, and has grown to be an important modality in evaluating the pancreaticobiliary system. With regard to the biliary system, EUS is useful for the detection and staging of ampullary tumors, detection of microlithiasis and choledocholithiasis and evaluation of benign and malignant bile‐duct strictures. Endoscopic ultrasonography may be used as an adjunct to transabdominal ultrasound for the detection and characterization of gallbladder polyps. In addition, EUS is helpful in the staging of gallbladder cancer as well as in diagnosing anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction with its associated pancreatobiliary diseases. The present paper reviews the current applications of EUS for imaging and intervention in diseases of the extrahepatic biliary system.
Non-Stationary Propagation Model for Scattering Volumes With an Application to the Rural LMS Channel

The design of efficient positioning algorithms in navigation satellite systems, like GNSS, operating in land mobile environments demands for detailed models of the radio channel. On the one hand, the models need to accurately describe scattering and shadowing/obstruction caused by vegetation. On the other hand, they have to incorporate the steady change in the propagation constellation due to the receiver displacement. In this paper we propose a model of the non-stationary radio channel in a scenario where a mobile receiver drives past a scattering volume, such as a ball or a cuboid, while the transmitter is elevated, like in satellite positioning applications. Such a volume may represent the canopy of a single tree, the canopies of trees in a grove, or a small forest. Scattering by the volume is characterized by means of multiple point-source scatterers that are assumed to form a marked spatial point process. The system functions of the radio channel are given. An integral form of the time-frequency correlation function of the component in the system functions contributed by the scattering volume is obtained as a direct consequence of Campbell's Theorem. Furthermore, a closed-form approximation of this integral form is derived for time lags corresponding to displacements along the receiver trajectory for which the plane wave assumption holds. The approximation takes into account the steady change in the propagation constellation. The proposed model is validated by means of Monte Carlo simulations and by comparing its prediction capabilities with experimental data in a scenario where a mobile receiver drives past a roadside tree. A good agreement is observed, despite the simplicity of the model.
Fractal GPS antenna design on piezoelectric substrate

This paper presents a study of fractal GPS antenna design on piezoelectric substrate. The antenna size is reduced by using piezoelectric materials with high dielectric constant and the fractal structure in antenna design. The desired high effective dielectric constant can be obtained by the special arrangement of the ground. The Koch fractal structure is employed in antenna design. With the corner-truncated structure, the right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) is obtained. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is considered, and then the modified ground is introduced to further improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The radiation efficiency can be significantly improved when the modified ground is designed on the system board. The effect of the GPS module connections to the antenna is also investigated, and then the matching circuit is added to obtain better matching.