Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.
Detection of Ancient Viruses and Long-Term Viral Evolution

The COVID-19 outbreak has reminded us of the importance of viral evolutionary studies as regards comprehending complex viral evolution and preventing future pandemics. A unique approach to understanding viral evolution is the use of ancient viral genomes. Ancient viruses are detectable in various archaeological remains, including ancient people’s skeletons and mummified tissues. Those specimens have preserved ancient viral DNA and RNA, which have been vigorously analyzed in the last few decades thanks to the development of sequencing technologies. Reconstructed ancient pathogenic viral genomes have been utilized to estimate the past pandemics of pathogenic viruses within the ancient human population and long-term evolutionary events. Recent studies revealed the existence of non-pathogenic viral genomes in ancient people’s bodies. These ancient non-pathogenic viruses might be informative for inferring their relationships with ancient people’s diets and lifestyles. Here, we reviewed the past and ongoing studies on ancient pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses and the usage of ancient viral genomes to understand their long-term viral evolution.
Airway management in patients suffering from morbid obesity

ABSTRACT Obesity is no longer a disease of the affluent. The prevalence of obesity has risen at an exponential rate globally, with an increasing burden on healthcare resources. Perioperative management of patients with morbid obesity is known to be challenging, and this is particularly so in the management of their airway, a crucial procedure that requires meticulous planning and modifications. Anesthesiologists will expect to see more patients with obesity in their practice presenting for both bariatric and non-bariatric surgery, or even for emergency surgery. Hence, any generalist anesthesiologist should be confident in managing such a patient, with the appreciation that these patients often pose a significant challenge to the practice of anesthesia. This article describes different techniques and looks at the evidence for airway management in the morbidly obese. Other aspects of perioperative management of such patients are beyond the scope of this article.
Research on route hierarchical control strategy from the perspective of macroscopic traffic network

Abstract In order to alleviate traffic congestion, transfer the regional orientation of macroscopic traffic flow to microscopic routes, and form a unified and coordinated framework of macro path decision and micro path decision, a vehicle route hierarchical control strategy is proposed from the perspective of network macro aggregated information. Firstly, according to the homogeneity of vehicle density distribution, a network is divided into several sub-regions, and then the macro-aggregate dynamic mapping relationship of each sub-area is analyzed. Secondly, a traffic equilibrium distribution model is established under heterogeneous macro path conditions to minimize the travel time of traffic flow. To bring macro traffic flow solved by the above model to the projected into the actual network level, the logit route model is used to guide macro traffic flow to the micro-scale road network with the help of a simplified network. Finally, the SUMO simulation platform is employed to achieve the solution and verification of the hierarchical vehicle path control method. The experimental results prove that the strategy can effectively reduce the congestion of the urban road network during peak hours and improve the traffic capacity of the road network. It is also demonstrated that macroscopic aggregate information is one of the reliable information sources for vehicle path control and guidance in a road network.
International Consensus Recommendations for the Assessment and Management of Individuals With CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder

CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is a rare, X-linked dominant condition that causes a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). The incidence is between ~ 1:40,000 and 1:60,000 live births. Pathogenic variants in CDKL5 lead to seizures from infancy and severe neurodevelopmental delay. During infancy and childhood, individuals with CDD suffer impairments affecting cognitive, motor, visual, sleep, gastrointestinal and other functions. Here we present the recommendations of international healthcare professionals, experienced in CDD management, to address the multisystem and holistic needs of these individuals. Using a Delphi method, an anonymous survey was administered electronically to an international and multidisciplinary panel of expert clinicians and researchers. To provide summary recommendations, consensus was set, a priori, as >70% agreement for responses. In the absence of large, population-based studies to provide definitive evidence for treatment, we propose recommendations for clinical management, influenced by this proposed threshold for consensus. We believe these recommendations will help standardize, guide and improve the medical care received by individuals with CDD.
USING LEATHER CHROME SHAVINGS IN PRODUCING GYPSUM BOARD FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY

Animal skin, as a byproduct of farm animals, is the main raw material for leather tanning industry that contributes to optimizing farm economic revenues. Creating new usage of the skins, residuals and wastes of manufacture processes insures extra income to tanning industry and reduces the contaminants which may be resulted during hides' production. About three million tons of leather chrome shavings (LCS) are generated annually from leather tanning containing trivalent chromium. The utilization of LCS is a way to prevent environmental hazards and avoid economic loss of leather tanning. In this regard, the present study aimed to utilize LSC in different proportions (0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) to manufacture gypsum boards, and in turn, to evaluate their physical-mechanical characteristics. The pH value and contents of moisture, ash and chroumium salt of LCS, as well as, bulk density, compressive and flexural strengths, thermal conductivity and construction morphology via electron microscopy scanning (EMS) of prepared LCS composites mixtures were determined. The homogeneity and good interactions among fibers of LCS and gypsum were observed in EMS micrographs. The increment of LCS content decreased (P<0.01) density, compressive strength, flexural strength and thermal conductivity in prepared gypsum composites. The results pointed to the possibility of using the LCS in making gypsum boards due to its homogeneous structure. Moreover, the gypsum board with high content of LCS is suitable for using as a filling and separation substance in buildings to increase the thermal insulation, and reduce the construction costs.
Algorithmic Analysis of the System Based on the Functioning Table and Information Security

Systems are ideally and rapidly evolving with the development of the Internet and modern web technologies. Example, Ecological monitoring information system has become very important in determining its superiority as a system, so it should be tested. This article describes how to benchmark a system by creating a state change graph to simulate different intuitions on the part of each subsystem, and then comparing the graph to Petri net modeling based on Functioning table (PNMFT). Test cases can be prepared based on the accessibility of trees based on comparable PNMFTs. The existing fact-testing strategy for comprehensive testing of the system will be further generalized to improve the consistent quality of the remaining tests. After that, talk about algorithmic analysis of the system is an important for information security issue. The initial stage of ongoing research to improve the reliability of algorithmic analysis of algorithmic formalization of web systems is described. It may also be advisable to include a set of dynamic coverage criteria for web systems defined for the statistical testing approach used through algorithmic analysis to improve testing quality and algorithmic formalization of the web system through algorithmic analysis.
Shall the Wild Boar Pass? A Genetically Assessed Ecological Corridor in the Geneva Region

Landscape fragmentation caused by road infrastructures represents a major threat to the genetic diversity of a region. The resulting genetic isolation between subpopulations may lead to consanguinity, and consequently to population collapse and extinction. However, the construction of wildlife crossings can help maintain connectivity. In the present paper, we evaluated the genetic spatial structuring of populations of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in three areas of the Geneva region connected by an ecological corridor. Those areas are cut off either by a highway that is crossed by a wildlife overpass or by an anthropized sector. Genetic profiling with 9 nuclear microsatellite markers yielded 61 single profiles, which allowed for clustering, parentage, and linkage disequilibrium analyses, uncovering the populations’ genetic structure. We also evaluated whether the genetic structure was affected by the sex of individuals. In our analyses, all individuals clustered into a single genetic group, suggesting that no structure limited significantly the gene flow in the region. However, a recent admixture indicated a potential increase in the gene flow between two of the subpopulations due to the wildlife overpass, while the other part of the ecological corridor was not or was only partially functional. Genetic distances between males were significantly higher than between females, although the role of sex remains unclear as to its influence on population genetics. Finally, in order to avoid a subregion becoming fully isolated, urbanization planning should consider this genetic evaluation and proceed with further monitoring, especially by focusing on species more sensitive to landscape fragmentation.
Spatio-Temporal Fusion Attention: A Novel Approach for Remaining Useful Life Prediction Based on Graph Neural Network

Prognostics and health management applications rely heavily on predicting industrial equipment’s remaining useful life (RUL). The traditional RUL prediction approaches mainly consider the nonlinear mapping relationship of time series data but rarely consider the structural information of the equipment, resulting in low prediction accuracy. In order to improve the effectiveness of RUL prediction, this article develops a graph neural network (GNN)-based spatio-temporal fusion attention (STFA) approach. In the proposed approach, a spatial GNN is adopted to fuse spatial features and structural information of the equipment, and a modified attention mechanism is proposed to fuse temporal features. The fused features are then input to a fully connected layer for RUL prediction. Different from existing works, the proposed STFA can combine the information in time and space at the same time and utilize a priori knowledge about the equipment’s structure. Case studies on RUL prediction problems of a turbofan engine and a steam turbine are conducted. The results and comparison demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
50 Years of Yang-Mills Theory

Quantizing Gauge Field Theories Ghosts for Physicists Breaking the Symmetry Towards the Standard Model Renormalization Anomalies Asymptotic Freedom Magnetic Monopoles Quark Confinement and Strings Fixing in Gauge Condition Non-Perturbatively The Lattice Fermions on the Lattice Confrontation with Experiment Supersymmetry and Supergravity Physics of the 21st Century
Are School Nurses an Overlooked Resource in Reducing Childhood Obesity? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Schools are a key setting for childhood obesity interventions, yet nurses are not often included in delivering these interventions. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine school-based interventions involving nurses in a role beyond anthropometric measurement for effect on change in body measures. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of these papers. RESULTS The literature search produced 2412 articles. Eleven met inclusion criteria for the systematic review (4 randomized controlled trail [RCT], 7 quasi-experimental) and 8 for the meta-analysis. None have been included in prior meta-analyses. Four studies restricted eligibility to overweight and/or obese children; 7 included all children regardless of body weight. Random effects meta-analytic models represent data from 6050 (body mass index [BMI]), 5863 (BMIz), and 416 (BMI percentile) children, respectively. Pooled analyses demonstrated statistically significant decreases in BMI (6 studies: -0.48 [95% CI -0.84, -0.12]; I(2) =91.2%, Q=68.1), BMIz (5 studies: -0.10 [95% CI: -0.15, -0.05]; I(2) =0, Q=2.3), and BMI percentile (3 studies: -0.41 [95% CI: -0.60, -0.21]; I(2) =0, Q=2.0). CONCLUSIONS These findings are similar to those of other meta-analyses of school-based interventions and suggest that school nurses can play a key role in implementing sustainable, effective school-based obesity interventions.
Thermal Vibration of Rectangle Plate with Two-Dimensional Circular Thickness Effect

Frequencies comprising two-dimensional circular thickness impacts are computed for the first time, for clamped rectangle plate under nonhomogeneity and temperature field. The study also comprises the two-dimensional temperature and one-dimensional density effect, on frequencies computation, utilizing the Rayleigh–Ritz technique. The objective of the study is to reduce the frequencies of the plate as well as to provide the effect of various plate parameters on frequencies. Numerical illustration and comparative study of the frequencies with other available results well authenticate the objective of the study. A comparison of frequency modes done for the clamped rectangle and square plate corresponding to tapering and aspect ratio and nonhomogeneity concludes that frequency obtained for the present study is very less in comparison with other studies done. A convergence study of the obtained results is also presented with the help of figures. The convergence study done concludes that rate of convergence in case of circular variation is faster than the other variations.
Giant Cell Arteritis Presenting With Ocular Symptoms: Clinical Characteristics and Multimodal Imaging in a Chinese Case Series

Purpose To evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics of a Chinese population with giant cell arteritis using multimodal imaging focusing on ophthalmic examinations. Design Retrospective observational case series. Materials and Methods In the neuro-ophthalmology division of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, we evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with giant cell arteritis between January 2016 and June 2021. Results of routine ophthalmic examinations including fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, color duplex ultrasonography of ocular and superficial temporal arteries, orbital magnetic resonance imaging, and superficial temporal artery biopsy were evaluated. Results A total of 15 patients (22 eyes; ten male and five female) were evaluated with a mean age of 77.0 ± 8.5 years. Among them, seven had bilateral involvement that occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Twelve patients presented with arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, two with arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy combined with cilioretinal artery occlusion, and one with cotton-wool spots. In acute stages of optic neuropathy and retinopathy, optical coherence tomography revealed optic disc edema, thickening of the inner retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer, and loss of layer structure. In late stages, optical coherence tomography revealed diffuse atrophy of the inner retina. The “halo” sign was observed in 12 patients in the superficial temporal artery ultrasound, and seven out of eight patients who underwent biopsy demonstrated classic giant cell arteritis pathological changes. Most patients having poor visual acuity but ability to perceive light; 10/22 eyes had permanent vision loss. Conclusion Although rare in Asians, giant cell arteritis may be underdiagnosed among elderly Chinese patients presenting with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Non-invasive superficial temporal artery ultrasound detecting inflammatory thickening of the intima as the “halo” sign combined with routine elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein may be helpful in diagnosing patients with a high probability of having giant cell arteritis.
Generalization in Reinforcement Learning

In this paper we evaluate two Temporal Difference Reinforcement Learning methods on several different tasks to see how well these methods generalize. The tasks were modeled as Markov Decision Processes with a continuous observation space and a discrete action space. Function approximation was done using linear gradient descent with RBFs as features. The tasks were taken from the Polyathlon domain of the 2009 Reinforcement Learning Competition. It was found that the more sophisticated method generalized better, but both methods were sensitive to changes in parameters, so there is a lot of room for improvement.
Eye-tracking Evidence for Frequency and Integration Cost Effects in Corpus Data

Syntactic Prediction Locality Theory (SPLT; Gibson, 1998) explains the ORC/SRC asymmetry based on the cost of integrating the verb's arguments when the verb is reached. ORCs incur a higher integration cost, as more discourse referents intervene between the relative pronoun and the verb than in SRCs. This predicts that the reading time for R3 in (1b) should be higher than that for R1 in (1a). Furthermore, SPLT predicts a higher integration cost on R1 than on R2 because the relative pronoun has to be integrated with the verb in R1 but not with the NP in R2.
Stochastic Calculus for Finance II: Continuous-Time Models

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Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at Three Different Stages

Three 56-day feeding trials were conducted to evaluate dietary lipid requirements and effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at three growth stages. The initial mean body weight of turbot was 9.13 ± 0.17 g, 50.10 ± 0.38 g, and 80.05 ± 0.76 g (small, medium, and large turbot), respectively. Five practical diets were formulated to contain 68.4, 93.9, 120.7, 147.8, and 171.2 g/kg lipid (L68.4, L93.9, L120.7, L147.8, and L171.2), respectively. Results of three trials showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of turbot fed with L120.7, L147.8, and L171.2 diets were all significantly higher compared with turbot fed with L68.4 and L93.9 diets except for large turbot fed with the L147.8 diet. Activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase and hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity firstly increased and then decreased as dietary lipids increased. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde content decreased firstly but then increased with the elevation of dietary lipids in small and medium turbot, and it was significantly higher in the L171.2 group than the rest in large turbot. With increasing levels of dietary lipid, contents of whole-body lipid, liver lipid, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly increased at three stages. In addition, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents increased firstly and then decreased over the L120.7 group. Transcriptional levels of lipolysis-related genes lipin1 and lpl were significantly upregulated firstly and subsequently downregulated with increasing dietary lipid levels except lipin1 in medium fish. Meanwhile, a significant increase in lipogenesis-related genes lxr and pparγ expressions was detected in all fish. Based on the specific growth rate, the dietary lipid level of 130.1, 120.1, and 107.7 g/kg was optimal for the growth performance of turbot cultured at three phases, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that high lipid diets may lead to abnormal lipid deposition and affect the physiological health of turbot.