Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision of Liolaemus tenuis subspecies (Duméril & Bibron, 1837) by analysis of population genetic structure

Population differentiation depends on extrinsic factors such as geographical distance, ecological barriers, and different ecotypic regions (Endler, 1977; Pounds and Jackson, 1981; Bossart and Prowell, 1998; Brieva and Formas, 2001) that promote genetic divergence. In some lizards, genetic differentiation occurs after long periods of isolation, when the gene flow is low, the population size is reduced, habitats are restricted, and vagility is low (Bezy and Sites, 1987; Sarre et al., 1990). Lizard species of the genus Liolaemus are widely distributed in the central-southern region of Chile (Donoso-Barros, 1966; Nuñez and Jaksic, 1992). Of these, Liolaemus tenuis (Duméril and Bibron, 1837) has one of the largest ranges. This arboreal species inhabits the distinct bioclimatical regions found in the area between Coquimbo (29◦58′S, 71◦21′W) and Los Lagos (39◦51′S, 72◦50′W), from sea level up to 1800 m (DonosoBarros, 1966; Di Castri, 1968). Two subspecies (L.t. tenuis and L.t. punctatissimus) have been described within this species, differentiated fundamentally by their dorsal coloration patterns (Müller and Hellmich, 1933). These subspecies were originally described based on samples from two geographically distant localities [L.t. tenuis (Santiago; 33◦27′S, 70◦40′W) and L.t. punctatissimus (Lota; 37◦04′S, 73◦10′W)]. However, the colour pattern in both subspecies shows a clinal variation within one species (Vidal, 2002). Furthermore, the distributional ranges of these species are superimposed (from 37◦ to 40◦) (Núñez and Jaksic, 1992), which is contradictory to the concept of subspecies (Mayr and Ashlock, 1991). This infor-
Newly discovered native orchids of Taiwan (XIV)

This report presents one new hybrid orchid of Taiwan, i.e., Gastrochilus ×hsuehshanensis which resulted from hybridization between G. formosanus and G. rantabunensis. Also, the existence of both Cyrtosia javanica and Cypripedium macranthos in Taiwan is questionable, and these were excluded from the Taiwanese orchid flora.
Impact of Relative Humidity on Thermal Comfort in a Warm Environment

Relative humidity is an important environmental factor that could affect thermal comfort in a building. The influence of relative humidity on thermal comfort was studied in an environment chamber. Twenty subjects, ten males and ten females, were engaged in the study and were exposed to nine combinations of air temperature and relative humidity. Skin temperatures on different parts of the body were monitored, and their thermal sensation was evaluated by questionnaire while their thermal environments were measured during the chamber tests. These results were evaluated by statistical analyses which indicate that for higher temperature, relative humidity could have a significant effect on skin temperature and thermal sensation. Higher humidity could cause a negative effect on the subject’s thermal comfort. To avoid causing discomfort, the relative humidity limit should be taken into consideration and there should be a humidity limit specified by the appropriate building code for the acceptable air temperature range to allow an appropriate control of indoor environment.
Reconsidering the interrelated dynamics of unemployment and low-wage employment in Great Britain

Stewart (2007, JAE) finds that being employed at low wages (compared to higher wages) increases the risk of future unemployment. The risk of future unemployment does not differ significantly between current low-wage employment and current unemployment. The author concludes that 'in terms of future employment prospects, low wages are closer to unemployment than to higher-paid jobs' [p. 529]. I show that this result depends strongly on the threshold used to distinguish between high and low wages: applying the widely used OECD (1997) definition of low-wages substantially changes the findings of Stewart (2007). With this threshold, I find that low wages are helpful for significantly reducing the risk of future unemployment compared to unemployment. Moreover, the categorization of the unemployed, the included variables with reference to the educational background, the age and the age restrictions imposed on the sample and switching from gross hourly wages in nominal terms to real terms have an impact on the findings. I would like to thank Andreas Knabe, Mark Stewart and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. I acknowledge financial support from the project KN 984/1-1 (German Research Foundation, DFG). Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Chair of Public Economics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany. Tel. : +49 391 67 18692; fax: +49 391 67 11218. E-mail address: alexander.plum@ovgu.de Citation: Alexander Plum, (2016) ''Reconsidering the interrelated dynamics of unemployment and low-wage employment in Great Britain'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 36, Issue 2, pages 1230-1241 Contact: Alexander Plum alexander.plum@ovgu.de. Submitted: September 20, 2015. Published: June 22, 2016.
Abscess Formation is More Frequent in Elderly Individuals with Osteoarticular Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an ancient and emerging disease worldwide despite advances in the methods of diagnosis and therapy. Pulmonary tuberculosis is still the most common form but extrapulmonary tuberculosis also contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Osteoarticuar TB comprises 1–3% of all tuberculosis cases and 10–15% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. The most common symptom of osteoarticuar TB is pain, and occasionally there is swelling of the joints. Symptoms are usually not obvious and do not often have a fever, so the disease are usually very severe when diagnosed. It is important to note that when spinal tuberculosis is diagnosed too slowly, it can cause serious and irreversible nerve damage, such as paraplegia. According to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in Taiwan, short-course TB chemotherapy is the most important treatment factor for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. It is not necessary to surgery, but surgery is required if (1) chemical treatment failure; 2) reduce spinal cord compression; and (3) when the spine is unstable. Several studies have reported osteoarticuar TB in a significant number of cases, but in Taiwan only few studies on spinal TB have been reported. Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to collect information on the clinical presentation, mycobacteriology and outcomes of patients with osteoarticular TB.
An Estimation of Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2 by Age Class for Age Classes in Japan

Background: Infectiousness of COVID-19 by age class inferred from the infection source and by infected people might be different. However, studies of such infectiousness have not been reported. Object: The object of this study was estimation of reproduction numbers by age class of the source of infection and the infected persons. To do so, after examining a new procedure for reproduction number estimation, we checked infected places by age class of the source of infection and the infected persons. Method: We ignore patients who infected no one because their reliability might be lower than that of patients who infected more than one person. We estimated the reproduction number from the histogram of the number of the infected people by the same patient, assuming that the histogram follows an exponential distribution. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated that the effective reproduction numbers for infection from children were very low. They were higher among adult and elderly people than among the same age class. Moreover, although the highest and second-highest infected places were other and at home with some exceptions, the data for infection at hospitals were remarkable among adults and elderly people. Among elderly people, infection at facilities for elderly was also high. Infections at nursing schools, schools, restaurants, and entertainment venues at night were negligible.
What delirium detection tools are used in routine clinical practice in the UK? A Freedom of Information investigation of UK hospitals.

Purpose Our aim was to collect information on delirium assessment processes and pathways in non-intensive care settings in the UK. Methods We sent a Freedom of Information request to 169 UK NHS hospitals, trusts and health boards (units) in July 2020 to obtain data on usage of delirium assessment tools in clinical practice and delirium pathways or guidelines. Results We received responses from 154 units (91% response rate). 146 (95%) units reported use of formal delirium assessment processes and 131 (85%) units had guidelines or pathways in place. The 4AT was the most widely used tool, with 117 (80%) units reporting use. The Confusion Assessment Method was used in 652 (45%) units, and the SQiD in 52 (36%) units. Conclusions Our findings show that the 4AT is the most commonly-used tool in the UK, with 80% of units reporting implementation. This study adds to our knowledge of real-world implementation of delirium detection methods at scale.
Effect of bilevel continuous positive airway pressure for patients with type II respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of COPD

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the therapeutic efficacy of bi-level continuous positive airway pressure (BIPAP) intervention in patients with type II respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: This review will only include randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The search strategy will be applied to 4 Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed); and 5 foreign literature databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Springer, EBSCO, and Web of Science. RCTs published from inception to October 2020 will be included. The 2 researchers will independently screen and extract the data and assess quality. The main results obtained through blood gas analysis and equipment observation, heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, funnel chart synthesis, data synthesis, and grouping analysis will be carried out using Review Manager 5.4 software. The trial sequential analysis will be completed using TSA v0.9 developed by the CTU at the Copenhagen Clinical Trial Center. Results: In the current meta-analysis, we will provide more practical and targeted results for the therapeutic efficacy of BIPAP in patients with type II respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of COPD. Conclusion: This study will provide new evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of BIPAP in patients with type II respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of COPD. Registration number: INPLASY2020110003 (DOI:10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0003).
Recombinant bacteriophage T4 Rnl1 impacts Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage T4 RNA ligase 1 (T4 Rnl1) can be stably expressed in many bacteria and has been reported to affect the bioactivity of the host bacteria. Recently, we constructed bacteriophage T4 Rnl1 expressing system in Streptococcus mutans, a crucial biofilm-forming and dental caries-causing oral pathogen. Here, we characterized the function of recombinant bacteriophage T4 Rnl1 in biofilm formation of S. mutans. The T4 Rnl1 mutant exhibited similar growth phenotype but resulted in a significant reduction of biofilm biomass compared to wild type strain and empty plasmid carrying strain. The abnormal biofilm of the T4 Rnl1 mutant harbored loose bacterial clusters with defective production and distribution of exopolysaccharides. Moreover, the expression of several biofilm formation-associated genes was dysregulated at mRNA level in the T4 Rnl1 mutant. These results reveal that the bacteriophage T4 Rnl1 exert antibiofilm activities against the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans, which impacts the spatial organization of the exopolysaccharides and further impairs the three-dimensional biofilm architecture. These findings implicate that manipulation of bacteriophage T4 Rnl1, a biological tool used for RNA ligation, will provide a promising approach to cariogenic biofilm control.
Different moxibustion therapies for urinary retention after anorectal surgery

Abstract Background: Postoperative urinary retention is a disease that seriously affects human daily work and life, and greatly reduces people's quality of life and affects human health all over the world. Now, many studies have shown that moxibustion has a significant effect on postoperative urinary retention. In this study, network meta-analysis was used to analyze and compare the clinical efficacy and difference of different moxibustion treatments on postoperative urinary retention. Methods: Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be included and all patients were diagnosed as postoperative urinary retention. Computer search Chinese databases: CNKI, Wanfang (WANFANG), VIP (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), English database search PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science. The search period limit is from the time the date of database establishment to November 17, 2020. To avoid omissions, we will manually search for relevant reference materials and conference papers. The risk of bias in the final included studies will be assessed according to the guidelines of the Cochrane System Intervention Review Manual. All data analysis will be conducted by Revman5.3, Gemtc 0.14. 3, and Stata 14.2. Results: The effectiveness of each intervention was quantified. The main results included effective rate, first urination time, and residual urine volume. Conclusion: Objective to provide evidence-based medicine basis for clinicians to choose more effective moxibustion therapy for postoperative urinary retention.
The complete chloroplast genome of Annona muricata L.: a tropical fruit with important medicinal properties

Abstract Annona muricata L. (A. muricata) is an important tropical fruit and medicinal plant. It is one of the easily found plants used traditionally in treating cancer. In many tropical countries, especially in Southeast Asia, A. muricata is popular for its edible fruit and medicinal merits. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. muricata was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. The chloroplast genome of A. muricata was found to be a double strand ring structure with the size of 196,038 bp that consists of four regions: a large single-copy region of 75,339 bp, a small single-copy region of 3105 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 58,797 bp. The GC content of the whole chloroplast genome was 39.92%. It was found that 111 protein-coding genes, one Pseudogene, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome, and the total number of genes was 158. DNA sequences of the chloroplast genomes of 19 species which belonged to three families of Magnoliales order were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The result indicated that A. muricata, Annona cherimola, Uvaria macrophylla, Greenwayodendron suaveolens, and Chieniodendron hainanense had a close phylogenetic relationship. The findings also provided abundant basic data for the genomics study of A. muricata.
The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Batillaria cumingi (Gastropoda: Batillariidae)

Abstract We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Batillaria cumingi. The B. cumingi mitochondrial genome is 16,100 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The nucleotide composition for B. cumingi is 17.5% of C, 16.88% of G, 35.3% of T, and 30.31% of A. In 13 protein-coding genes, all genes start with ATG. For the stop codon, the cox2 gene stops with TTC, the cytb, nad1, and nad2 genes stop with TAG, and the other nine genes are with TAA. Of these 37 genes identified, nine protein-coding genes and six transfer RNA genes are encoded on the heavy strand and the other genes on the light strand. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 13 protein-coding genes of the B. cumingi and other 19 Gastropoda species, Sepia latimanus as outgroup using the Neighbour-joining method. The tree showed that the B. cumingi is closely related to the Semisulcospira coreana in Cerithioidea. We believe that this result will be helpful for the study of population genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the family Batillariidae.
Study on Weather Aging of Nitrile Rubber Composites Containing Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Summary Weather aging of nitrile rubber composites containing hydrophilic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate (EMIM SCN) and hydrophobic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM TFSI), and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (AMIM TFSI) ionic liquids was investigated. The mechanical properties at small (dynamic mechanical analysis) and high deformation (tensile test), the hardness and the electrical properties were measured before and after the aging process. It was found that the presence of hydrophobic ionic liquids in the nitrile rubber enhanced the retention of their mechanical properties (tensile strength, stiffness) and slightly reduced surface defects (as determined by scanning electron microscopy), thereby retarding the aging of rubber composites. However, the presence of hydrophilic EMIM SCN in the composite accelerated the degradation of the studied materials because of its high crosslinking activity during the aging process. The electrical studies showed also lower stability of hydrophilic ionic liquid (EMIM SCN) in the studied nitrile matrix (leaking effects) compared to the hydrophobic one (EMIM TFSI, AMIM TFSI).
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of actinidia valvata

Abstract In this study, we first presented the complete chloroplast genome of Actinidia valvata by using Illumina Novaseq sequencing. Its complete chloroplast genome is 156,596 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 88,477 bp and a small single copy region of 20,379 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 23,870 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of ten plants from the family Actinidiaceae showed that A. valvata is more closely related to A. polygama than other members.
Electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/wool keratin fibrous composite scaffolds potential for bone tissue engineering applications

Biocomposite scaffolds consist of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and wool keratin were obtained by an electrospinning process. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/wool keratin fibers had relatively rougher surfaces and smaller diameters. Thermogravimetric analysis showed higher thermal stabilities of the developed biocomposites compared to neat poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). Mechanical tests showed that when the wool keratin content increased from 0% to 0.5% w/v, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/0.5% wool keratin scaffolds increased with maxima of 6.59 MPa and 104.44%, respectively, which was an increase of 8.2% and 570% over the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold. The biological response of bone mesenchymal stem cells to the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/1.5% wool keratin biocomposites was superior when compared to pure poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold in terms of improved cell attachment and higher proliferation. These observations suggest that the addition of wool keratin to a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) matrix can improve several properties of the electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) fibers, and the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/wool keratin biocomposites could make excellent materials for tissue engineering applications.
Cervical Interferential Current Transcutaneous Electrical Sensory Stimulation for Patients with Dysphagia and Dementia in Nursing Homes

Purpose We aimed to determine the efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation (IFC-TESS) in patients with dementia who were being treated for dysphagia in nursing homes under normal living conditions. Patients and Methods This study recruited 54 nursing home residents (13 males, 41 females; mean age, 84.5 ± 10.7 years) with dysphagia and dementia. IFC-TESS was performed with Gentle Stim® (Careido Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan) for 15 minutes. Two sessions per day were administered 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. The outcomes included the improvement of the patients’ cough reflexes and nutritional states across the 3 weeks of intervention; the former was evaluated with the cough test based on the changes in cough latency time and cough frequency, while the latter was assessed based on changes in the functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score and oral calorie intake. Results The cough latency times before and after the 3-week intervention were 15.8 (7.0–60.0) and 6.7 (3.6–30.7) s/min, respectively; the cough frequencies were 5.0 (0.0–5.0) and 5.0 (5.0–5.0) t/min, respectively; the FOIS scores were 5.0 (5.0–6.0) and 5.0 (5.0–6.0), respectively; and oral calorie intakes were 1300.0 (862.5–1420.0) and 1300.0 (1005.0–1462.5) kcal/day, respectively. All parameters significantly improved across the intervention (p < 0.05). When the results were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, mini nutritional assessment results, Barthel index, and mini-mental state examination scores, IFC-TESS improved the cough reflex and oral calorie intake in older nursing home residents with dementia. Conclusion Cervical IFC-TESS can improve the cough reflexes and nutritional states of patients with dysphagia and dementia in nursing homes. As it has previously been difficult to perform active rehabilitation with dementia patients, IFC-TESS may be effective and practicable for the rehabilitation of this patient population.
The preparation and electrical properties of the functionalized graphene/poly (ether sulfone) nanocomposites

Chemical functionalized graphene (f-G) was obtained by the reaction of the residual epoxide and carboxyl functional groups on the hydrazine-reduced graphene (G) sheets with hydroquinone. The efficacy of the functionalization reaction of graphene was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed that the functionalized graphene can be easily exfoliated into functionalized graphene nanosheets composed of single or bilayers of graphene sheets. The f-G was used to prepare conductive poly (ether sulfone) (PES) composites (f-G/PES) via the solution casting method and the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) properties of f-G/PES composites were investigated. It was observed that good dispersion of f-G nanosheets in PES matrix resulted in a low percolation threshold of 0.355 vol.%. Hopping type of charge transport occurred during the insulator–semiconductor transition of f-G/PES composites. Impedance measurement was carried out to evaluate interfacial capacitance of the composites, and the interfacial capacitance of the composites increased to 1041.9 pF of f-G/PES composites with 5 wt. % f-G from 30.48 pF of f-G/PES composites with 0.5 wt. % f-G.