Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cost-Effectiveness of Automated External Defibrillators on U.S. Airlines

Objective: To examine the cost-effectiveness of deploying automated external defibrillators Design: Decision and cost-effectiveness analysis. Estimates of the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) on board aircraft, effectiveness of AEDs in resuscitation, and medical costs and outcomes were derived from the medical literature. Equipment, maintenance, and flight attendant training costs were obtained from AED manufacturers, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Air Transportation Association of America. Published estimates of health-related utility after OHCA were used to express effectiveness in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Intervention: A strategy of full deployment on all commercial aircraft as well as several strategies of partial deployment only on larger aircraft were compared to the baseline strategy of no AEDs on aircraft, but flight attendants trained in basic life support (BLS). Results: Placing AEDs on passenger aircraft with greater than 200 passengers would cost $15,300 per QALY gained compared to no AEDs. Additional AEDs on aircraft with capacities between 100 and 200 would cost $37,800/QALY, and full deployment on all aircraft would cost $68,700/QALY. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the effectiveness of AEDs in improving survival, downstream quality-of-life, and the annual mortality rate were the most influential factors in the model. In a Monte Carlo analysis, 9950 of 10,000 trials produced a cost-effectiveness ratio less than $50,000 per QALY for AED placement on large-capacity aircraft. Conclusion: The use of AEDs on commercial aircraft is similar in cost-effectiveness to many widely accepted medical interventions and health policy regulations, but is critically dependent on the passenger capacity of the aircraft. Sensitivity analysis suggests this result is robust, even Groeneveld et al., Cost-effectiveness of AEDs on aircraft, page 3 of 26 when underlying assumptions are varied widely. This study finds that placing AEDs on most U.S. commercial aircraft would meet conventional standards of cost-effectiveness.
The Mediation Effect of Customer Perceived Value and AttitudeToward Advertisement on Social Media Influencer’s Credibility on Purchase Intention

Instagram isthe most used social mediathat promotes influencer marketing, which is an effective marketing way by using influencer. SMI can be a fashion blogger, such as Gisella who endorses casual fashion in Instagram. SMI’s credibilityhas a role in purchase intention, making a producer consider SMI's credibility when they decide to work with them. Customer perceived value (CPV) can be partially mediating variable toward SMI's credibility on purchase intention, indicating that there might be other variable that act as mediator. Other researcher found that attitude toward advertisement (Aad) act as mediator of SMI's credibility on purchase intention. Thus the purpose of this research is to examine the mediating effect of CPV and Aad toward the SMI's credibility on purchase intention of casual fashion. The population used was female student of SCU Semarang. Descriptive analysis (score tabulation) and statistic analysis (regression, path analysis)were conducted. The result indicated that CPV and Aad are partially mediating SMI's credibility on purchase intention of casual fashion endorsed by Gisella. It implied that producer should screen SMI based on their credibility since it has a great direct effect on purchase intention. Furthermore, they should consider CPV and Aad since it poses a mediating role
Teacher-rated aggression and co-occurring behaviors and problems among schoolchildren: A comparison of four population-based European cohorts

Aggressive behavior in school is an ongoing concern, with the current focus mostly on specific manifestations such as bullying and extreme violence. Children spend a substantial amount of time in school, but their behaviors in the school setting tend to be less well characterized than in the home setting. Since aggression may index multiple behavioral problems, we assessed associations of teacher-rated aggressive behavior with co-occurring externalizing/internalizing problems and social behavior in 39,936 schoolchildren from 4 population-based cohorts from Finland, the Netherlands, and the UK. Mean levels of aggressive behavior differed significantly by gender. Correlations of aggressive behavior were high with all other externalizing problems (0.47-0.80) and lower with internalizing problems (0.02-0.39). A negative association was seen with prosocial behavior (−0.33 to −0.54). Despite the higher mean levels of aggressive behavior in boys, the correlations were notably similar for boys and girls (e.g., aggressive-hyperactivity correlations: 0.51-0.75 boys, 0.47-0.70 girls) and did not vary greatly with respect to age, instrument or cohort. Thus, aggressive behavior at school rarely occurs in isolation and children with problems of aggressive behavior likely require help with other behavioral and emotional problems. It is important to note that greater aggressive behavior is not only associated with greater amount of other externalizing and internalizing problems but also with lower levels of prosocial behavior.
An R based interface to understand cognitive ability of different participants using fixation and saccade detection

Eye-tracking is an emerging area of science in a wide range of computer vision-based applications. Eye-tracking mainly deals with where the person is looking at and for what duration. In this work, we propose an R based interface to visualize the eye-tracking data as fixations and saccades that depicts where the person looking at –fixations and saccades and what duration – fixation duration. Through the eye-tracking metrics that are visualized in our work, one can visualize the difference between the viewing behaviour of various participants. The differences thus depicted can later be studied in order to understand the cognitive abilities of the participants. The paper contains a detailed survey of the existing literature and the experimental results generated using the R interface.
The Impact of Narratives on Attitudes toward Muslim Immigrants in the U.S.

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of narratives on attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in the U.S. Based on a 2 (content: acceptance vs. rejection) × 2 (narrator: Muslim vs. American) plus control condition design, 479 participants read one of five messages. More contact and positive attribution toward Muslim immigrants was associated less threat and exclusion. The American narrator telling a rejection narrative was the most disliked and received little empathy. Overall, narratives describing Muslim immigrants’ experience of rejection were more impactful on participant intention to engage in pro-social behaviours. This study discussed the implications of narratives in bias reduction efforts.
Central auditory processing disorder: simple school-based binaural hearing tests and the outcomes in relation to socioeconomic status

The present study developed simple and rapid school-based binaural hearing tests as part of an experimental assessment for Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD), and investigated the outcomes in relation to socioeconomic status. The investigations were carried out in a population study on 256 primary school children from fourteen schools within the Perth Metropolitan area. It was hypothesized that the tests results would show a significant association with socioeconomic level based on the reported association between CAPD and history of otitis media with effusion (OME), a disease known to be prevalent in disadvantaged populations. A significant association would raise concern of an underlying physiological auditory problem for the educational and social-emotional issues often reported in this population. The tests of binaural hearing used in this study were subjective measure of directional hearing (DH) ability and the objective measure of binaural interaction using the postauricular muscle response (PAMR). Both of these tests have been shown to be sensitive to identifying subjects diagnosed with CAPD in a laboratory set-up (Zakaria, 2007). The tests were adapted for use within the school environment and implemented in a protocol that allowed for large number of children to be tested in a relatively short amount of time. This was done by incorporating the use of inexpensive MP3 players, simple score sheets and automatic video marking for the lateralization test; and custommade portable two-channel equipment for the PAMR test. Significant associations with socioeconomic status was found for both the experimental binaural hearing tests, as well as for the standard CAPD test carried out in this study, although only weak correlations (r = 0.16 to 0.47 ) were found between the tests themselves. This was not unexpected, considering the heterogeneity of the disorder and the many related issues in CAPD assessment. Despite the weak correlations, significant differences were found between normal and at-risk-for-CAPD subjects especially for the PAMR test, using the ratio measure of the binaural response over the sum of the contralateral and the ipsilateral responses (T = 2.91, p = 0.004). With further optimization of the test protocol, the two simple binaural hearing tests may prove useful as part of a comprehensive clinical assessment for the disorder.
Middle School Students’ Perceptions of Coeducational and Same-Sex Physical Education

The prevalence of obesity and sedentary behaviors among children and adolescents is increasing at an alarming rate. The obesity epidemic is reaching proportions never seen across our nation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine middle school students’ perceptions of coeducational and same-sex physical education classes. The study consisted of 3 girls and 3 boys 12-13 years old. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant to gain an understanding of their perceptions of physical education (P.E.) classes that were coeducational and same-sex in nature. The results indicated that middle school students shared a variety of perceptions concerning class structure, regardless of gender. Two of the three girls preferred coeducation P.E. versus same-sex P.E. , boys felt they tried harder in same-sex P.E. , girls were more embarrassed to make mistakes in coeducational P.E. class, and boys felt they learned more physical education content in same-sex P.E. In conclusion, it seems logical for schools to offer physical education experiences that are both coeducational and same-sex. Students agreed that both coeducational and same-sex physical education had pros and cons, and the interests of students were not met in just one class structure. The ultimate goal of any school curriculum should be student learning in an environment that is safe and positive for the students.
Understanding parental leave experiences: connecting the dots with a multiple-methods approach

ABSTRACT This research note draws selected findings from a multiple-methods study conducted in partnership with a large public-sector employer in Portland, OR to describe the added value of this approach for research translation. We focus on how our study of a newly implemented paid parental leave policy can translate to actionable steps for two important end-users: employers and policymakers. Using administrative records (N = 579), a countywide employee survey (N = 137 leave-takers) and focus groups (N = 35), we describe how each data source contributes important and unique information about how the policy’s implementation affected diverse employees. We find gender differences in how employees changed leave-taking in response to the policy, and describe the critical but nuanced role that supervisors play. Working with employers and policymakers to develop and implement thoughtful policies will help to ensure equitable distribution of the benefits of paid leave policies.
The professionalisation of teaching in higher education in the UK: perceptions and understandings

Since the foundation of the Higher Education Academy (HEA) in 2003, professionalisation of teaching in Higher Education (HE) has had a championing organisation, whose remit includes the accreditation of initial teacher education qualifications and institutional professional recognition schemes, the two routes by which teaching academics achieve the HEA’s fellowship credential, FHEA. This thesis uses a staged research process to explore the perceptions of teaching academics about the impact and equivalence of the two routes into “the profession”, and what they understand by “being [a] professional”. In stage one, a group of teaching academics at University of Greenwich were interviewed and their contributions analysed thematically. One area of consensus – what they understood by “being [a] professional” – suggested a framework of orientations that teaching professionals have “responsibility for” and “duty towards”. This, in turn, suggested a congruence with the motivations that obtained when the professions developed as clerical specialisations, during the Middle Ages, and which emerge in new but recognizably related forms ever since. The concept(s) of professionalism are re-emergent. They are socially robust. In stage two, the study was widened to include interviews with educational developers at three other Higher Education Institutions from diverse mission groups revealing notable variation in the way professionalisation was implemented across the sector. The framework of orientations crystallized as a model for the “logic” of an ideal-type individual professional, consistent with Freidson’s (2001) “third logic” of collective professionalism. In stage three, key outcomes were critically evaluated in a free-text questionnaire to norm circles of teaching academics, experienced in implementing the two routes, and also to the original interviewees. The results lend considerable warrant to the model for the “logic” of an ideal-type professional. Other research outcomes have implications for the increased governmentality in the HE sector brought to bear through the (2016) Teaching Excellence Framework.
Quantity and Quality of Parental Utterances and Responses to Children With Hearing Loss Prior to Cochlear Implant

This study investigated the extent to which parental language input to children with hearing loss (HL) prior to cochlear implant (CI) differs from input to children with typical hearing (TH). A 20-min parent–child interaction sample was collected for 13 parent–child dyads in the HL group and 17 dyads in the TH group during free play. Ten minutes were transcribed and were coded for four variables: (a) overall utterances, (b) high-quality utterances, (c) utterances in response to child communicative acts (i.e., overall responses), and (d) high-quality utterances in response to child communicative acts (i.e., high-quality responses). Differences were detected for both quantity and quality of parental language input across the two groups. Early language skills correlated with three out of the four parental variables in both groups. Post hoc analyses suggested that the lower rate of high-quality responses in parents of children with HL could be attributed to lower intelligibility of child communication.
Service Evaluation of an Advance Care Plan Tool

Following the successful bid for a Department of Health grant in October 2010, the Kent and Medway Children and Young People’s (KMCYP) Palliative Care Network ran a six month project to raise the awareness of children’s palliative care. One of the key outcomes of the project was to agree a standard Advance Care Plan (ACP) tool to be used across the network. Advance care planning involves the process of discussing life-sustaining treatments and establishing long-term care goals with families. It requires effective communication to clarify the goals of care and to enable families to agree care at the end of life, including resuscitation decisions (Henry and Seymour 2008). This work was based on that undertaken by the South Central Strategic Health Authority. With their approval the tool was adapted for local use.
Investigating the use of technology in communication exchanges and visual support for students with autism

v List of Figures . vii List of Tables . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Statement of Problem . 2 Visual Supports for Communication . 3 Purpose . 3 Research Questions . 4 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature . 5 The Picture Exchange Communication System . 5 PECS on an iPad . 7 Communication Exchanges Using a Speech Generating Device . 10 Independent Tasks Using Visual Prompts . 11 Task Completion . 12 Summary . 13 Chapter 3: Methodology . 14 Setting . 14 School . 14 Classroom . 14 Participants . 15 Materials . 16 Research Design . 16
Multirate Frequency Transformations: Wideband AM-FM Demodulation with Applications to Signal Processing and Communications

The AM–FM (amplitude & frequency modulation) signal model finds numerous applications in image processing, communications, and speech processing. The traditional approaches towards demodulation of signals in this category are the analytic signal approach, frequency tracking, or the energy operator approach. These approaches however, assume that the amplitude and frequency components are slowly time-varying, e.g., narrowband and incur significant demodulation error in the wideband scenarios. In this thesis, we extend a two-stage approach towards wideband AM–FM demodulation that combines multirate frequency transformations (MFT) enacted through a combination of multirate systems with traditional demodulation techniques, e.g., the Teager-Kasiser energy operator demodulation (ESA) approach to large wideband to narrowband conversion factors.
Using an alternate reality game to facilitate student engagement during orientation

An alternate reality game was designed to facilitate transition and engagement amongst students commencing a tertiary preparation program at a regional university in Australia. The design of the game was informed by a student engagement framework which proposes four psychosocial constructs which mediate engagement at the intersection between student and institutional influences: self-efficacy, belonging, well-being, and emotion. The 108 participants completed a survey which measured these constructs prior to the commencement of the game. Game players (n = 13) were surveyed again immediately after the game. The results of statistical analysis indicated that game players reported a greater sense of well-being and more positive emotions than the group surveyed before the game.
Hippotherapy and the Communicative Abilities of Children With Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Study

Hippotherapy uses the horse’s movement to enhance motor coordination, sensory integration, communication, and emotional stability in people with different disabilities. There is a need for evidence that proves increased efficiency in language use. In this study, we analyze the effect of hippotherapy on the communicative abilities of children with Down syndrome. Nine children between 4 and 7 years of age participated in two types of therapies: traditional language therapy and hippotherapy. Results showed effects of hippotherapy on language production and utterance length. Comprehension was enhanced by all therapy techniques. This preliminary study based on systematic evidence illustrates the effects of hippotherapy on communicative abilities.
Examining the Association Between Electrodermal Activity and Problem Behavior in Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Feasibility Study

Background: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) engage in problem behavior, presenting significant challenges for those providing care and services for this population. Psychophysiological measures of arousal, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), may provide an early indication of subsequent problem behavior. However, variability in EDA patterns associated with behaviors may limit this predictive ability. Methods: EDA data was sampled from eight individuals with severe ASD in a naturalistic setting, while participating in educational programming in a school setting at a residential facility for severely affected individuals with developmental disabilities, to examine variability in EDA patterns. Results: An anticipatory rise in EDA only occurred 60% of the time prior to the problem behavior. Additionally, EDA after a problem behavior returned to median baseline levels only 45% of the time. Conclusions: Heterogeneity of EDA responses in those with the most severe forms of ASD will be an important consideration in future studies utilizing psychophysiological tools such as EDA to anticipate problem behavior, including the need for monitoring of return to baseline after problem behaviors. Incorporation of this consideration may lead to greater reliability of these approaches to help anticipate and manage problem behaviors.
Discipline and children with chronic illnesses: strategies to promote positive patient outcomes.

: Children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) often present psychosocial problems that include noncompliance to treatment. Caregivers can, by understanding the various models of discipline, select proactive and reactive strategies to encourage cooperation. These strategies are grounded in discipline models that include biophysical, behavioral, humanistic, psychodynamic, ecological, psychoeducational, and cognitive models. This article describes various discipline procedures for children with chronic illness. It emphasizes discipline with dignity while empowering and involving children in their behavior management.
Is Ellsberg Behavior Evidence of Ambiguity Aversion?

We perform two types of lab experiments to assess the normative and positive appeal of preference models exhibiting ambiguity aversion. Our first experiment is a simple extension of the Ellsberg [1961] two-color urn experiment in which there is an option that hedges ambiguity away completely and that dominates the options that correspond to Ellsberg behavior. 63% of subjects choose the dominated Ellsberg options, which compares similarly to the proportion of subjects choosing the risky urn in the standard two-color experiment. While subjective expected utility cannot explain this choice, also none of the classical models of ambiguity aversion can explain this choice. Our second experiment is also based on the Ellsberg two-color urn experiment. In this experiment, in various treatments, we provide advice in the form of short video clips in favor of, as well as against, the Ellsberg choice. We find suggestive, but not conclusive, evidence that subjects' choices are influenced by advice and, in these cases, mostly in the direction of abandoning the Ellsberg option.
Maps for a Prince

Argument This article takes up what and how maps might have taught a Crown Prince in the century before maps became a part of classrooms and Mercator’s system of projection engendered those collective perceptions of space and person that have become a part of a modern shared spatial imagination. The focus of this article is a single codex, utterly unique, which scholars have posited was compiled in 1570 to accompany the Crown Prince of Jülich-Cleves-Berg on his Italian trip. This article argues that this codex was designed to teach him practices of spatial imagination, a concept this article introduces.