Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ultra-wide-field fundus camera with color balanced trans-palpebral illumination

Many eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), can cause abnormalities at both central and peripheral regions of the fundus. Therefore, a wide field fundus imaging is desirable for screening, diagnosis, and treatment evaluation of eye diseases. The traditional fundus imaging device which uses trans-pupillary illumination has 30° to 60° field of view. In the trans-pupillary illumination, illumination path and observing path are typically separated by using different portions of the pupil to minimize the effect of reflectance artifact. Therefore, transpupillary illumination limits the field of view because only the central part can be used for imaging purpose. Transpalpebral illumination has been explored as an alternative approach to deliver light to the interior of the eye through the pars-plana, which enables capturing a wide portion of the fundus. Without the need of pharmacologic pupil dilation, a 150° visual angle fundus image was achieved. Previous studies implemented trans-palpebral illumination using a broadband LED. As it is well known that the transmission of long wavelength light is much higher than the short wavelength. Therefore, trans-palpebral illumination based fundus images are red oriented, with compromised image quality for visualizing retinal vasculatures. We have demonstrated the trans-palpebral illumination for the ultra-wide field fundus imaging. We report here the feasibility of using independent green and red illumination power controls to compensate for the difference of spectral efficiency. The color balanced trans-pars-planar illumination significantly increased dynamic range of the fundus camera.
Simulating the Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Interaction During the Matuyama‐Brunhes Paleomagnetic Reversal

During a paleomagnetic reversal, Earth's geomagnetic field is about 10% of today's magnitude and its topology is far more complex than dipolar. Revealing the solar wind energy transmission during the reversal is of importance for understanding the historic space environment. Using a global magnetohydrodynamic model implemented with a data‐reconstructed time‐dependent paleomagnetic field, this study simulates the solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions during the last Matuyama‐Brunhes reversal that occurred about 780,000 years ago. As the magnetosphere shrinks in the midst of the reversal, the stand‐off distance of the subsolar magnetopause approaches as close as 3 Re. Moreover, multiple magnetic reconnection sites emerge due to the irregular geomagnetic configuration, opening up many channels on the magnetopause surface for the solar wind to directly access. The power transmission efficiency through the magnetopause increases to 18%.
Biochar, Mineral P and Their Co-Application Affects Chemical Fractions of P and Mung Bean Growth in Two Tropical Soils

ABSTRACT Phosphorus fixation reduces P availability and affects crop yields in tropical soils. The ameliorative effect of biochar and its co-application with mineral P fertilizer on the soil labile inorganic P fractions and crop growth are unknown and hence studied in two soils with contrasting properties. Soils were applied with kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica) biochar at 15 t ha−1, mineral P fertilizer at 64 mg P kg−1 either together or solely to the potted soils under greenhouse conditions and mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds were planted. Treatments were replicated 3 times and pots were arranged in complete randomized design. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere on days 30 and 90 and analyzed for pH, soluble P, inorganic Fe, Al and Ca-bound P fractions. Dry matter content and P uptake by the mung bean was also assessed. Soil pH was unaffected by fertilization regimes in both soils. Sole biochar application as well as co-application with mineral P increased the amount of P in Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P fractions in both soils. However, co-application of kunai grass biochar with 64 mg P kg−1 of fertilizer significantly (p < .05) increased mung bean crop dry matter in acidic (78.8%) as well as alkaline soil (23.1%). The usage of kunai grass biochar should be combined with mineral P for reaping the synergistic agronomic benefits in the tropical acidic and slightly alkaline soils.
Ozonation of Whole Blood Results in an Increased Release of Microparticles from Blood Cells

Autohemotherapy with ozonated blood is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of clinical disorders. Ozone demonstrates strong oxidizing properties and causes damage to cell membranes. The impact of whole-blood ozonation on the release of microparticles from blood and endothelial cells and the concentration of selected markers in the hemostatic system (APTT, PT, D-dimer, fibrinogen) were investigated. Venous blood, obtained from 19 healthy men, was split into four equal parts and treated with air, 15 µg/mL ozone, or 30 µg/mL ozone, or left untreated. The number and types of microparticles released were determined using flow cytometry on the basis of surface antigen expression: erythrocyte-derived microparticles (CD235+), platelet-derived microparticles (CD42+), leukocyte-derived microparticles (CD45+), and endothelial-derived microparticles (CD144+). The study is the first to demonstrate that ozone induces a statistically significant increase in the number of microparticles derived from blood and endothelial cells. Although statistically significant, the changes in some coagulation factors were somewhat mild and did not exceed normal values.
Soft attention-based U-NET for automatic segmentation of OCT kidney images

Deep learning-based models have been extensively used in computer vision and image analysis to automatically segment the region of interest (ROI) in an image. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to obtain the images of the kidney’s proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs), which can be used to quantify the morphometric parameters such as tubular density and diameter. However, the large image dataset and patient movement during the scan made the pattern recognition and deep learning task to be difficult. Another challenge is a large number of non-ROIs compared to ROI pixels which caused data imbalanced and low network performance. This paper aims at developing a soft Attention-based UNET model for automatic segmentation of tubule lumen kidney images. Attention-UNET can extract features based on the ground truth structure and hence the irrelevant feature maps are not contributed during training. The performance of the soft-Attention-UNET is compared with standard UNET, Residual UNET (Res-UNET), and fully convolutional neural network (FCN). The original dataset contains 14403 OCT images from 169 transplant kidneys for training and testing. The results have shown that soft-Attention-UNET can achieve the dice score of 0.78±0.08 and intersection over union (IOU) of 0.83 which was as accurate as the manual segmentation results (dice score = 0.835±0.05) and the best segmentation scores among Res-UNET, regular UNET, and FCN networks. The results show that CLAHE contrast enhancement can improve the segmentation metrics of all models significantly (p<0.05). Experimental results of this paper have proven that the soft Attention-based UNET is highly powerful for tubule lumen identification and localization and can improve clinical decision-making on a new transplant kidney as fast and accurately as possible.
Experimental Rat Model of Bony Defects in the Facet Joint Maintained with Bone Wax for the Study of Spinal Pain

Purpose Studies using experimental rat models for low back pain due to facet-joint defects are scarce. This study used a novel experimental rat model to determine whether bony defects induced by facetectomy could be maintained by bone wax, thus mimicking spondylolysis, and to analyze the effect of the facetectomy on rat behavior. Patients and Methods Twelve 10-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 300–350 g were divided into group A (n = 6) that underwent unilateral facetectomy of the right L5-6 facet joint and group B (n = 6) that additionally applied water-soluble bone wax at the facetectomy site. The difference in the left and right stride length, detected by the footprint test, and change in the left and right facet joint area were compared before and 4 weeks after the experiment. Results Even though the difference between the left and right stride lengths of groups A and B was not statistically significant, in contrast to group A, group B showed a shorter stride length on the right side (p = 0.22 and 0.46, in group A and group B, respectively). The right facet joint area, where the facetectomy was performed, was significantly smaller in group B 4 weeks after surgery, but not in group A (p = 0.50 and < 0.01, in group A and group B, respectively). Conclusion Based on the results, we concluded that the bony defects, induced by facetectomy at the L5-6 facet joint, were maintained with bone wax. This study will provide an experimental model for bony defects in the facet joint.
Digital wire-feeding system with armature induced voltage feedback

The relationship between armature induced voltage and wire-feeding motor speed in the limited unipolar mode of reversible pulse-width modulation (PWM) speed-control system is analyzed, and a reversible PWM speed-control system based on the digital control of a digital signal processor (DSP) is designed. The control method can eliminate the effect of load current on the speed of the wire-feeding motor by using synchronous sampling of armature voltage at the moment of zero current. The digital PI regulation method is used for adjusting the PWM duty-cycle to keep the armature induced voltage constant and improve the stability of wire-feeding. The test results show that the rate varieties of wire-feeding under the conditions of variable power network voltage and change of wire-feeding tube from straight state to a cycle of  400 mm at the middle all meet the standard requirements.
Effects of Recurring IPC vs. rIPC Maneuvers on Exercise Performance, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Red Blood Cell Deformability: Special Consideration of Reflow Varieties

Simple Summary Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) and remote (r) IPC consist of a sequence of blood occlusion and blood reflow to manipulate an effector organ either near (IPC) or remote (rIPC) from the occlusion site. Its benefits in medical applications are well-documented, while there is no consensus regarding its effects on exercise performance, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and red blood cell deformability. The aim of the study was to test and compare the effects of five daily recurring IPC and rIPC maneuvers on these parameters. Additionally, different reflow protocols, low (LR) and high reflow (HR), were compared to investigate potential differences of the shear stress occurring during reflow on the outcome. Results of thirty male participants suggest improved exercise performance during IPC LR and to a lesser extent rIPC LR interventions, while HR conditions did not affect performance parameters. This might in part be related to increased red blood cell deformability and reduced lactate production, while relations to altered pulse wave velocity or blood pressures seem less likely. In conclusion, the site of occlusion and reflow conditions might influence the effectiveness of the (r)IPC intervention, which should be considered in sport-specific but also clinical settings. Abstract Beneficial effects of (remote) ischemia preconditioning ((r)IPC), short episodes of blood occlusion and reperfusion, are well-characterized, but there is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of (r)IPC on exercise performance. Additionally, direct comparisons of IPC and rIPC but also differences between reflow modes, low reflow (LR) and high reflow (HR) in particular, are lacking, which were thus the aims of this study. Thirty healthy males conducted a performance test before and after five consecutive days with either IPC or rIPC maneuvers (n = 15 per group). This procedure was repeated after a two-week wash-out phase to test for both reflow conditions in random order. Results revealed improved exercise parameters in the IPC LR and to a lesser extent in the rIPC LR intervention. RBC deformability increased during both rIPC LR and IPC LR, respectively. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressures remained unaltered. In general, deformability and PWV positively correlated with performance parameters. In conclusion, occlusion of small areas seems insufficient to affect large remote muscle groups. The reflow condition might influence the effectiveness of the (r)IPC intervention, which might in part explain the inconsistent findings of previous investigations. Future studies should now focus on the underlying mechanisms to explain this finding.
Digital demodulation of the interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone

This paper analyses the modulation/demodulation principles of phase-generated carrier(PGC) of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone,then presents a method to generate double mixed signals from the carrier signals.The principle of reducible sampling is demonstrated through the frequency-spectrum analysis.A digital implementation approach to PGC detection of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone based on DSP is discussed.The hardware system is devised.The algorithm of the software is optimized.The operating efficiency of the system is enhanced to meet the real-time application requirement.
Geosynthetic Interface Friction at Low Normal Stress: Two Approaches with Increasing Shear Loading

The evaluation of geosynthetic interface friction is a key parameter for the stability of coupled geosynthetics, as in landfill capping liner. At the present time, few types of tests are suitable for measuring the interface friction at low normal stress: one of these is the inclined plane, usually carried out under a vertical stress of 5 kPa. This type of test is not without critical aspects, mainly due to the nonuniform normal stress state induced by the inclination of the plane, but, on the other hand, the most widespread direct shear test generally cannot be performed at such low values of normal stress. After a short discussion on the pros and cons of these two types of test, the paper presents a comparison of the interface friction angles obtained, for three interfaces, by means of an inclined plane and an unconventional direct shear apparatus, under the same low normal stress. The peculiarity of this latter device is of ensuring a gradual increase of the mobilized strength, in a way similar to what occurs during the inclined plane test. The good correspondence of the results of the two types of tests confirmed the validity of both the test approaches.
Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unravel the Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Photosynthesis of Cyclocarya paliurus under Salt Stress

Photosynthesis is the primary life process in nature, and how to improve photosynthetic capacity under abiotic stresses is crucial to carbon fixation and plant productivity. As a multi-functional tree species, the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus possess antihypertensive and hypoglycemic activities. However, the regulatory mechanism involved in the photosynthetic process of C. paliurus exposed to salinity has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the photosynthetic characteristics of C. paliurus seedlings, such as photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and electron transfer rate (ETR), were investigated under different salt concentrations, while the metabolome and transcriptome analyses were conducted to unravel its molecular regulatory mechanisms. Salt stress not only significantly affected photosynthetic characteristics of C. paliurus seedlings, but also severely modified the abundance of metabolites (such as fumaric acid, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and 3-phospho-d-glyceroyl phosphate) involved in central carbon metabolism, and the expression of photosynthetic genes. Through the co-expression network analysis, a total of 27 transcription factors (including ERFs, IDD, DOF, MYB, RAP) were identified to regulate photosynthetic genes under salt stress. Our findings preliminarily clarify the molecular regulatory network involved in the photosynthetic process of C. paliurus under salt stress and would drive progress in improving the photosynthetic capacity and productivity of C. paliurus by molecular technology.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEWS TEXT CORPORA INFLUENCING THE VOLATILITY OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Using neural networks to predict changes in financial markets is a promising task. For more accurateforecasting, it is necessary to determine the tone of the texts of the articles, whether the news carriespositive or negative information for the market. Standard approaches to using pretrained neuralnetworks aimed at analyzing user reviews are not successful due to the fact that professional reporterstry to present their articles in a neutral way, which leads to incorrect conclusions. In this article, wewill talk about the possibilities of training neural networks to analyze the sentiments of articles basedon volatility data in the volatility of financial markets.
Validation of dynamic contrast-enhanced bone blood flow imaging technique with fluorescent microspheres

In orthopedic trauma surgery, timely assessment of bone tissue perfusion plays a vital role in the successful treatment outcome. Fluorescence-guidance is gaining increased surgical interest, especially with respect to hemodynamic assessment of bone. Intraoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging (DCE-FI) not only enables visualization of the perfused areas of the injured bone, but with subsequent analysis using kinetic models, may also provide a valuable quantitative bone blood flow information to a surgeon. In this study, we are validating this quantitative approach with a modified fluorescent microsphere (FM) technique using a custom-built four-channel imaging cryomacrotome. We demonstrate that FMs of four different colors can be accurately detected in controlled phantoms and evaluate their detection accuracy in real blood samples. In a rabbit model of orthopaedic trauma, we show that blood flow measurements using the DCE-FI technique can be compared with the FM technique. This feasibility pilot study provides the groundwork for investigation of the correlation between bone perfusion measurements using DCE-FI and using fluorescent microspheres, in units of ml/min/100g.
Reduced theory for hard magnetic rods with dipole–dipole interactions

Hard magnetic elastomers are composites of soft elastic foundations and magnetic particles with high coercivity. We formulate a theoretical framework to predict the large deformation of a hard magnetic elastomeric rod. In the previous work, the magnetic Kirchhoff rod equations, which constitute a framework for analyzing instabilities for hard magnetic rods, have been developed and validated experimentally for negligible dipole–dipole interactions. Building on previous studies, we derive the magnetic Kirchhoff rod equations with dipole–dipole interactions. The derived equations are integro-differential equations, representing the force and moment balance along the rod centerline that include long-ranged dipole-magnetic force and torque. On the basis of its discrete numerical simulation, we systematically study the effect of the the dipole–dipole interactions strength on the large deformation of hard magnetic rods. In addition, we find that our theory can predict previous experimental results without any adjustable parameters.
Human Vital Signs Detection: A Concurrent Detection Approach

The measurement of heartbeat rate and breathing rate for patients with sensitive skin, such as skin with burns, is very difficult to do, especially if the number of patients is large and medical personnel is limited. Therefore, this study seeks to propose a preliminary solution to this problem by proposing a device that can measure the vital signs of several people concurrently, especially the heartbeat rate and breathing rate, without attaching sensors to their skin. This is done using an FMCW (frequency-modulated continuous wave) radar that operates at 77–81 GHz. FMCW radar emits electromagnetic waves towards the chest of several targets and picks up the reflected waves. Then, using signal processing of these reflected waves, each target’s heartbeat rate and breathing rate can be obtained. Our experiment managed to perform concurrent detection for four targets. The experimental results are between 52 and 82 beats per minute for the heartbeat rates and between 10 and 35 breaths per minute for the breathing rates of four targets. These results are in accordance with normal heartbeat rate and normal breathing rate; thus, our research succeeded in proposing a preliminary solution to this problem.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Coupling Coordination Development between Logistics and Economy in Central Plains of China

The coupling of logistics and economy is of great significance for regional development. To promote the regional development of urban agglomeration in Central Plains of China, this paper attempts to study the spatial divergence of coupling development and the influential factors. The 30 urban cities in Central Plains of China have been regarded as the research objects. We develop an integrated framework to derive the coupling degree between logistics and economy in this region including linear weighting method, coupling coordination degree model, and exploratory spatial data analysis. The spatial pattern of the coupling coordination degree between logistics and economy is studied by the visualization evolution analysis. In addition, the GWR model is formulated to study the influential factors of regional coupling development. The results show that (1) the integrated development level of logistics industry and economy in the Central Plains City Cluster is low, and the development difference between regions is significant; (2) the overall coupling and coordination level of logistics industry and economy in the Central Plains City Cluster is not high and is at the stage of imminent disorder; in space, it presents a spatial pattern of “high in the center and low around”; (3) the coupling coordination degree around each region and city is a strong positive spatial correlation and agglomeration situation significantly; (4) the ranking of the influence degree of each driving factor from high to low is urbanization rate; science and technology level; education level; and population density.
Binary Interactions and Starch Bioavailability: Critical in Limiting Glycemic Response

Limiting starch bioavailability by modifying food matrix dynamics has evolved over the decade, which further envisions low glycemic starch prototypes to tackle chronic hyperglycemia. The dense matrix of whole grain foods like millets and cereals act as a suitable model to understand the dynamics of binary food matrix interactions between starch-lipid, starch-protein & starch-fiber. The state and types of matrix component (lipid/protein/fiber) which interact at various scales alters the starch micro configuration and limits the digestibility, but the mechanism is largely been ignored. Various in-vitro and in-vivo studies have deciphered the varied dimensions of physical interactions through depletion or augmentation studies to correlate towards a natural matrix and its low glycemic nature. The current chapter briefly encompasses the concept of food matrix types and binary interactions in mediating the glycemic amplitude of starch. We comprehensively elaborated and conceptually explained various approaches, which investigated the role of food matrices as complex real food systems or as fundamental approaches to defining the mechanisms. It’s a fact that multiple food matrix interaction studies at a time are difficult but it’s critical to understand the molecular interaction of matrix components to correlate in-vivo processes, which will assist in designing novel food prototypes in the future.