Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dynamic domain decomposition for a class of second order semi-linear equations

We propose a parallel algorithm for the numerical solution of a class of second order semi-linear equations coming from stochastic optimal control problems, by means of a dynamic domain decomposition technique. The new method is an extension of the patchy domain decomposition method presented in a previous work for first order Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations related to deterministic optimal control problems. The semi-Lagrangian scheme underlying the original method is modified in order to deal with (possibly degenerate) diffusion, by approximating the stochastic optimal control problem associated to the equation via discrete time Markov chains. We show that under suitable conditions on the discretization parameters and for sufficiently small values of the diffusion coefficient, the parallel computation on the proposed dynamic decomposition is faster than that on a static decomposition. To this end, we combine the parallelization with some well known techniques in the context of fast-marching-like methods for first order Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Several numerical tests in dimension two are presented, in order to show the features of the proposed method.
Sound-Proximity: 2-Factor Authentication against Relay Attack on Passive Keyless Entry and Start System

Passive keyless entry and start system has been widely used in modern cars. Car owners can open the door or start the engine merely by having the key in their pocket. PKES was originally designed to establish a communication channel between the car and its key within approximately one meter. However, the channel is vulnerable to relay attacks by which attackers unlock the door even if the key is out of range. Even though relay attacks have been recognized as a potential threat for over ten years, such attacks were thought to be impractical due to highly expensive equipment; however, the required cost is gradually practical. Recently, a relay attack has been demonstrated with equipment being sold only under $100. In this paper, we propose a sound-based proximity-detection method to prevent relay attacks on PKES systems. The sound is eligible to be applied to PKES because audio systems are commonly available in cars. We evaluate our method, considering environments where cars are commonly parked, and present the recording time satisfying both usability and security. In addition, we newly define an advanced attack, called the record-and-playback attack, for sound-based proximity detection, demonstrating that our method is robust to such an attack.
The HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

We know now from radial velocity surveys and transit space missions that planets only a few times more massive than our Earth are frequent around solar-type stars. Fundamental questions about their formation history, physical properties, internal structure, and atmosphere composition are, however, still to be solved. We present here the detection of a system of four low-mass planets around the bright ( V = 5 . 5) and close-by (6.5 pc) star HD219134. This is the ﬁrst result of the Rocky Planet Search programme with HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in La Palma. The inner planet orbits the star in 3 . 0935 ± 0 . 0003days, on a quasi- circular orbit with a semi-major axis of 0 . 0382 ± 0 . 0003AU. Spitzer observations allowed us to detect the transit of the planet in front of the star making HD219134b the nearest known transiting planet to date. From the amplitude of the radial velocity variation (2 . 25 ± 0 . 22ms − 1 ) and observed depth of the transit (359 ± 38ppm), the planet mass and radius are estimated to be 4 . 36 ± 0 . 44 M ⊕ and 1 . 606 ± 0 . 086 R ⊕ , leading to a mean density of 5 . 76 ± 1 . 09gcm − 3 , suggesting a rocky composition. One additional planet with minimum-mass of 2 . 78 ± 0 . 65 M ⊕ moves on a close-in, quasi-circular orbit with a period of 6.767 ± 0.004 days. The third planet in the system has a period of 46 . 66 ± 0 . 08 days and a minimum-mass of 8 . 94 ± 1 . 13 M ⊕ , at 0.233 ± 0.002AU from the star. Its eccentricity is 0 . 46 ± 0 . 11. The period of this planet is close to the rotational period of the star estimated from variations of activity indicators (42 . 3 ± 0 . 1days). The planetary origin of the signal is, however, the preferred solution as no indication of variation at the corresponding frequency is observed for activity-sensitive parameters. Finally, a fourth additional longer-period planet of mass of 71 M ⊕ orbits the star in 1842 days, on an eccentric orbit ( e = 0 . 34 ± 0 . 17) at a distance of 2.56AU.
Population Dynamics of Bifidobacterium Species in Human Feces during 1 Raffinose Administration Monitored by FISH-Flow Cytometry RAFFINOSE TREATMENT

Population dynamics of bifidobacteria in human feces during raffinose 2 administration were investigated at the species level using fluorescence in situ 3 hybridization (FISH) coupled with flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Although double- 4 staining FISH-FCM using both fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and 5 indodicarbocyanine (Cy5) as labeling dyes of fecal samples has been reported, the 6 analysis was interfered by strong autofluorescence at FITC fluorescence region because 7 of the presence of autofluorescence particles/debris in the fecal samples. We 8 circumvented this problem by using only Cy5 fluorescent dye in the FISH-FCM 9 analysis. Thirteen subjects received 2 g of raffinose twice a day for 4 weeks. Fecal 10 samples were collected, and the bifidobacterial populations were monitored using the 11 established FISH-FCM method. The results showed an increase of bifidobacteria from 12 about 12.5% of total bacteria in the pre-feeding period to about 28.7 and 37.2% after 2- 13 week and 4-week feeding periods, respectively. ,
Identification and removal of signal components related to cardiac activity from high resolution resting-state fMRI data by means of blind source separation

BOLD-fMRI data analysis is challenging in part due to the strong influences by non-white noise, some of which has physiological origins (e.g. cardiac activity or respiration). Noise becomes even more of a problem in resting state fMRI research, since BOLD fluctuations account for a smaller portion of signal than the BOLD response in specific task-related fMRI signals does. Researchers have not always been aware of the great extent of this problem. Physiological noise is aliased into scans of a low temporal resolution (i.e. if the Nyquist criterion is not satisfied). But with the advent of multiband sequences, which facilitate higher sampling rates, it became possible to circumvent aliasing of high frequency noise into the signal of interest, if only the sampling frequency was set high enough. Since resting state networks have commonly been assumed to have a bandwidth lying in the range of 0.01-0.1 Hz, it seemed, as if scans of high temporal resolution could be freed from physiological noise by temporal filtering. Recent studies have, however, revealed that resting state networks could also be identified in frequency ranges >0.1 Hz. Hence, the application of temporal filters turned out to be disadvantageous, since it eliminates useful information just as well as noise. A novel approach to noise removal (based on blind source separation) is presented in this thesis. BOLD-fMRI data of high temporal resolution is decomposed into temporally independent components (time courses) and corresponding weights. The time courses are analysed in the frequency domain and components deemed to be related to physiological noise were excluded from subsequent data reconstruction. fMRI data have been processed with this new algorithm and have (in another processing pipeline) been band passed (as a reference). The band passed data and the data processed by means of the proposed algorithm have both been subjected to seed-based correlation analysis in order to determine whether significant differences in functional connectivity could be observed. Results indicate that the different approaches did in fact lead to such significant differences. With the exception of the functional connectivity assessed for the auditory resting state network, the differences did however not appear to occur in specific patterns. Other exploratory approaches (e.g. cluster analysis) could be used in future analyses in order to further validate this new noise removal approach and to compare results to those of similar approaches (e.g. CORSICA, PESTICA).
AN ASYMPTOTIC MULTIPARTITE K ¨UHN-OSTHUS

In this paper we prove an asymptotic multipartite version of a well-known theorem of K¨uhn and Osthus by establishing, for any graph H with chromatic number r , the asymptotic multipartite minimum degree threshold which ensures that a large r -partite graph G admits a perfect H -tiling. We also give the threshold for an H -tiling covering all but a linear number of vertices of G , in a multipartite analogue of results of Koml´os and of and Zhao.
Design and Implementation Knowledge Graph for Curriculum System in University

—With the fact that the knowledge in each ﬁeld which the current university want to instruct their students is keeping increasing, the number of university courses is becoming larger, and the content and curriculum system is becoming much more complicated than it used to be, which bring many inconveniences to the course arrangement and analysis. In this paper, we aim to construct a method to visualize all courses based on Google Knowledge Graph. By analysing the properties of the courses and their preceding requirements, we want to extract the relationship between the precursors and the successors, so as to build the knowledge graph of the curriculum system. Using the graph database Neo4j[7] as the core aspect for data storage and display for our new curriculum system . Based on this graph, the venation relationship between courses can be clearly analysed, and some difﬁcult information can be obtained, which can help to combine the outline of courses and the need to quickly query the venation information of courses.
gene expression with in human-induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells.

Immunodeﬁciency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies type I (ICF1) syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3B, a de novo DNA methyltransferase. However, the molecular basis of how DNMT3B deﬁciency leads to ICF1 pathogenesis is unclear. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology facilitates the study of early human developmental diseases via facile in vitro paradigms. Here, we generate iPSCs from ICF Type 1 syndrome patient ﬁbroblasts followed by directed differentiation of ICF1-iPSCs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). By performing genome-scale bisulﬁte sequencing, we ﬁnd that DNMT3B-deﬁcientiPSCsexhibitgloballossofnon-CGmethylationandselectCGhypomethylation atgenepromo-tersandenhancers.FurtherunbiasedscanningofICF1-iPSCmethylomesalsoidentiﬁeslargemegabaseregionsof CGhypomethylationtypicallylocalizedincentromericandsubtelomericregions.RNAsequencingofICF1andcon-trol iPSCs reveals abnormal gene expression in ICF1-iPSCs relevant to ICF syndrome phenotypes, some directly associated with promoter or enhancer hypomethylation. Upon differentiation of ICF1 iPSCs to MSCs, we ﬁnd virtu-ally all CG hypomethylated regions remained hypomethylated when compared with either wild-type iPSC-derived MSCsorprimarybone-marrowMSCs.Collectively,ourresultsshowspeciﬁcmethylomeandtranscriptomedefectsinbothICF1-iPSCsanddifferentiatedsomaticcelllineages,providingavaluablestemcellsystemforfurther invitro study of the molecular pathogenesis of ICF1 syndrome. GEO accession number : GSE46030.
Dexamethasone Markedly Induces Na,K-ATPase mRNABl in a Rat Liver Cell Line*

Exposure of Clone 9 cells, a “nontransformed” rat liver cell line, to lo-’ M dexamethasone resulted at 3 h in 1.8 f 0.2- and 40 f &fold increases in mRNAa1 and mRNABl content, respectively, an effect that was not mimicked by lo-’ M aldosterone. The increments in mRNAml and mRNABl abundances in total cell RNA were half-maximal at 5 X lo-’ M dexamethasone and persisted for more than 24 h. Na,K-ATPase activity, however, increased only slightly (by 9%) at 24 h. The induction of mRNABl by dexamethasone was not pre-vented by the presence of cycloheximide. mRNABl abundance increased earlier in the nuclear RNA pool (becoming apparent within 45 min) than in the cytoplasmic RNA pool, consistent with a precursor-product relationship. Moreover, putative pre-mRNAB1 bands of -4,600 and -12,000 nucleotides accumulated in the nRNA pool after 1 h of exposure to dexamethasone. Incubation in the presence of dexamethasone for 3 h enhanced the incorporation of [3H]uridine into total cell mRNAml and mRNABl by 1.3- and 12-fold, respec- tively. In nuclear run-on assays, however, transcription of mRNAa1 and mRNABl was not altered after 30 min of exposure to lo-’ M dexamethasone. The abundance of mRNABl in rat liver also increased markedly (r3O-fold) in rats treated with averaged 2.48 f 0.15 pmol of Pi/h/mg of protein (normalized to 1.0) and increased slightly but not significantly at 48 h. At 24 h, Na,K-ATPase activity in cells treated with dexamethasone is significantly higher than that in control cells, whereas the dexamethasone-induced increase in enzyme activity at 48 h is not significant.
Implementing Ecological Sanitation in Rural Tanzania with an Action Research Approach

Poor sanitation is a huge problem in third world countries today; every year 1,5 million children die due to diarrheal diseases caused by poor sanitation. International policies such as The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which will be replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in September 2015, have been set by the international community as tools to decrease the poverty in the world today, and problems that emerged from it such as poor sanitation. Participatory methods are emphasise to receive the goals as well as new working methods to shift the development paradigm from marked oriented towards sustainable development, which means that also the Earth’s well-being must be included in the SDGs. Ecological sanitation (Eco-san) is a system that reuses the human waste back to grooving activities, and can improve the situation in all three areas of sustainable development, i.e. economical, environmental and social development with it’s reusing approach. Participation in implementation of Eco-san system is important for enabling sustainable projects as well as receive better acceptance for the reuse approach. The research presented in this thesis had the aim to improve the sanitation situation by introducing and implementing Eco-san in a rural area in the Northern part of Tanzania by using an action oriented research approach. The participants together with the researcher developed the project to further see the interpretations of Eco-san and possibilities to implement Eco-san in the area as well as if the action research was a convenient way to introduce such a project. The study was conducted in two cycles were critical theory and diffusion of innovation were used as analysis tools for the introduction and implementation of the toilets. The findings from the first cycle showed that the participants were willing to learn about Eco-san by observing the idea through a demonstration toilet. Therefore the second cycle lead to implementation of Eco-san in a school of the area. These toilets are today in use and managed by the students at the school. Participating approach has therefore been a successful working method were the participants gained the knowledge they needed to develop and improve their situation. This can further be argued as a valuable approach for other development projects and to meet the upcoming SDGs. However, further action and education to other village members outside the school and up scaling possibilities in the community are needed.
Multiple Genotoxic Agents Activate ATR Kinase Signaling in Quiescent Human Cells

Madkhali, Mariyyah Ahmed O. , M.S., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, 2020. Multiple genotoxic agents activate ATR kinase signaling in quiescent human cells. The ATR protein kinase is activated in response to DNA damage and other forms of genotoxic stress caused by both environmental carcinogens and anti-cancer drugs. However, much of our understanding of ATR kinase function is limited to proliferating cells in which DNA replication stress is the primary signal for ATR activation and where the major regulatory targets of ATR signaling are proteins involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Here we have used HaCaT keratinocytes maintained in a nonreplicating, quiescent state in vitro to examine how cell killing by different genotoxic agents is impacted by cell growth status and by treatment with small molecule ATR kinase inhibitors. The genotoxins we examined included drugs from several classes of anti-cancer agents, including topoisomerase inhibitors (camptothecin, etoposide), alkylating agents (mitomycin C, temozolomide, and cisplatin), and compounds that interfere with RNA polymerase movement ((5-6-dichlorobenzimidazole 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), actinomycin D). As expected, we find that quiescent cells are more resistant to the acute, lethal effects of these genotoxins than replicating cells. However, though we find that nearly all of these compounds led to the activation of ATR kinase signaling in the quiescent state, little-to-no effect of ATR kinase inhibitors was observed on quiescent cell viability. These results indicate that ATR can be activated in the absence of canonical replication stress and that its function does not significantly impact acute cell survival. To examine
Performance of the HI-101 IR Detector Measured Using the MPIA System

The WFC3 infrared detector prototype, called HAWAII-101, developed at the Rockwell Science Center (RSC), was recently tested by the WFC3 group using a dewar and data acquisition system built by the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg, Germany. The purpose of the test was to estimate the dark current, readout noise, and gain in both single and double sampling data. Using the correlated double sampling mode, the readout noise is in the range 19 to 34 electrons or 3 to 6 DN, and the gain is less than 6 electrons/adu for the four quadrants. The estimated dark current at 150 K with single sampling is approximately 0.1 electrons/pixels/second and at 145 K it is between 0.06 and 0.07 electrons/ pixel/second. These values surpass the Contract End Item requirement. Also, signal determined from unbonded pixels near the corners of the array is investigated as an offset signal to remove the “pedestal” effect.
Reliability Evaluation of Erasure Coded Systems

—Replication is widely used to enhance the reliability of storage systems and protect data from device failures. The effectiveness of the replication scheme has been evaluated based on the Mean Time to Data Loss ( MTTDL ) and the Expected Annual Fraction of Data Loss ( EAFDL ) metrics. To provide high data reliability at high storage efﬁciency, modern systems employ advanced erasure coding redundancy and recovering schemes. This article presents a general methodology for obtaining the EAFDL and MTTDL of erasure coded systems analytically for arbitrary rebuild time distributions and for the symmetric, clustered, and declustered data placement schemes. Our analysis establishes that the declustered placement scheme offers superior reliability in terms of both metrics. The analytical results obtained enable the derivation of the optimal codeword lengths that maximize the MTTDL and minimize the EAFDL . It is theoretically shown that, for large storage systems that use a declustered placement scheme, both metrics are optimized when the codeword length is about 60% of the storage system size.
Three-dimensional morphological and signal intensity features for detection of intervertebral disc degeneration from magnetic resonance images.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Advances in MRI hardware and sequences are continually increasing the amount and complexity of data such as those generated in high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the spine. Efficient informatics tools offer considerable opportunities for research and clinically based analyses of magnetic resonance studies. In this work, we present and validate a suite of informatics tools for automated detection of degenerative changes in lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) from both 3D isotropic and routine two-dimensional (2D) clinical T2-weighted MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS An automated segmentation approach was used to extract morphological (traditional 2D radiological measures and novel 3D shape descriptors) and signal appearance (extracted from signal intensity histograms) features. The features were validated against manual reference, compared between 2D and 3D MRI scans and used for quantification and classification of IVD degeneration across magnetic resonance datasets containing IVD with early and advanced stages of degeneration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Combination of the novel 3D-based shape and signal intensity features on 3D (area under receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.984) and 2D (AUC 0.988) magnetic resonance data deliver a significant improvement in automated classification of IVD degeneration, compared to the combination of previously used 2D radiological measurement and signal intensity features (AUC 0.976 and 0.983, respectively). Further work is required regarding the usefulness of 2D and 3D shape data in relation to clinical scores of lower back pain. The results reveal the potential of the proposed informatics system for computer-aided IVD diagnosis from MRI in large-scale research studies and as a possible adjunct for clinical diagnosis.
Scholarship at UWindsor Scholarship at UWindsor Identification of an SCF ubiquitin–ligase complex required for Identification of an SCF ubiquitin–ligase complex required for auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana

The plant hormone auxin regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development. We report that in Arabidopsis , auxin response is dependent on a ubiquitin-ligase (E3) complex called SCF TIR1 . The complex consists of proteins related to yeast Skp1p and Cdc53p called ASK and AtCUL1, respectively, as well as the F-box protein TIR1. Mutations in either ASK1 or TIR1 result in decreased auxin response. Further, overexpression of TIR1 promotes auxin response suggesting that SCF TIR1 is limiting for the response. These results provide new support for a model in which auxin action depends on the regulated proteolysis of repressor proteins.