Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industrially Important Enzyme and Plant Growth Promoter Potential of Soil Actinomycetes

Enzymes and plant growth promoters have been found out to be the most widely used bacterial secondary metabolites, in industrial processes. Approximately, 10,000 bioactive metabolites which is 45% of the all bioactive microbial metabolites discovered, are produced by Actinobacteria. Therefore, they are considered as one of the most valuable microbial groups in biotechnology. In this study, the enzymes and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production capability and efficiency of soil Actinomycetes were explored. The enzymes production capability of 16 soil Actinomycetes isolates was tested. The number of isolates produced amylase, protease, L-asparaginase, cellulase, and lipase were 16, 8, 16, 14, and onerespectively. IAA production capability of the 16 soil-Actinomycetes isolates wasdetermined both qualitatively and quantitatively. Ten isolates out of 16 produced IAA at the concentration range of 5-66.15 µg/mL. Conditions, such as L-tryptophan concentration, pH ofthe medium of IAA production, and time duration of the fermentation were optimized in order to enhance the IAA production performance of Actinomycetes.
Causes detection of unqualified bendability of hot rolled strip via improved RankBoost with multiple feature ranking algorithms

ABSTRACT In hot rolling process, mechanical properties of steel materials are important to steel quality. The bendability is one of the key parameters to evaluate the formability of the strip. When the bendability is unqualified, how to detect causes becomes a big challenge. In this paper, a model to find the causes of bendability of hot rolled strip based on improved RankBoost with multiple feature selection algorithms using historical data is built. Firstly, the related process variables and bendability results are collected. And then, seven feature ranking methods including Fisher score, Relief, Gini index, T-test, Kruskal–Wallis, mutual information entropy and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR), are used to rank the significance of features individually. Finally, to summarize the results of the seven methods, the total importance of every feature can be obtained using the improved RankBoost method to select the most important features as the major causes. The real field data set from hot rolling strip steel process is used to validate the model. The results demonstrate that the RankBoost method can give a more credible result.
Scattering and Attenuation Characteristics at Volcanoes Inferred From Envelope Widths of Natural and Active Seismic Sources

Seismic scattering and attenuation at volcanoes, thought to be strongest on the Earth, can be used to map volcanic feeding systems. We systematically analyzed high‐frequency (5–10 Hz) seismograms of volcano‐tectonic earthquakes at Galeras volcano (Colombia) and active sources at Kirishima, Unzen, Bandai, and Iwate volcanoes (Japan) to investigate their scattering and attenuation characteristics. The envelope widths estimated from these seismograms were compared with those calculated by Monte Carlo envelope simulations for 1D layered models parameterized by the scattering mean free path and the quality factor of medium attenuation for S waves. Our results indicated a surficial, highly heterogeneous, and attenuative layer up to around 1 km thickness at all studied volcanoes. The strongest heterogeneities at volcanoes thus exist in a thin surface layer, likely comprising unconsolidated and/or highly fractured materials. Using the space‐weighting function for diffusive wavefields, we mapped the residuals between observed envelope widths and those calculated with our estimated 1D models at Kirishima, Unzen, Bandai, and Iwate. These maps showed spatial distributions of the envelope‐width residuals were unique to each volcano and correlated with P wave velocity tomographic images. Areas of positive residuals correspond to low‐velocity anomalies and thus to heterogeneous, strongly scattering rocks, whereas areas of negative residuals correspond to high‐velocity anomalies and thus less heterogeneous volcanic or basement rocks. Our results demonstrate that envelope widths can improve the characterization of scattering and attenuation structures beneath volcanoes.
The influence of the competition phase and the result of the match on the competitive demands in football 5-a-side for the visually impaired

ABSTRACT The use of inertial devices to assess load during competition makes it possible to objectively analyse football players’ performance. The purpose of the present study was to analyse physical-physiological demands in footballers 5-a-side, as well as to ascertain the differences among the participating teams as a function of the competition phase (preliminary round/final phase) and result of the match (win/loss). The independent variables analysed were competition phase and result of the match, and the dependent variables were objective external kinematic load (distance, acceleration and deceleration), and neuromuscular load (player load), as well as the variables of objective internal load (heart rate). A descriptive analysis (M±SD), Student’s t-test and a general linear model were performed to discover the associations between the external and internal loads and the independent variables. The results show differences among the participating teams depending on competition phase and the result of the match. Moreover, the winning teams recorded a higher load in the preliminary round and the losing teams in the final phase. Thus, football 5-a-side for the visually impaired is a physically demanding sports discipline with a high degree of uncertainty.
Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Raspberry for Natural Food Colorants Development: Processes Optimization and In Vitro Bioactivity

Heat (HAE)- and ultrasound (UAE)-assisted extraction methods were implemented to recover anthocyanins from red raspberry. Processing time, ethanol concentration, and temperature or ultrasonic power were the independent variables combined in five-level rotatable central composite designs coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) for processes optimization. The extraction yield and levels of cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside (C3S) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were monitored by gravimetric and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn methods, respectively, and used as response criteria. The constructed theoretical models were successfully fitted to the experimental data and used to determine the optimal extraction conditions. When maximizing all responses simultaneously, HAE originated slightly higher response values (61% extract weight and 8.7 mg anthocyanins/g extract) but needed 76 min processing at 38 °C, with 21% ethanol (v/v), while the UAE process required 16 min sonication at 466 W, using 38% ethanol (v/v). The predictive models were experimentally validated, and the purple-red extracts obtained under optimal condition showed antioxidant activity through lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis inhibition, and antibacterial effects against food-related microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. These results highlight the potential of red raspberry extracts as natural food colorants with bioactive effects and could be exploited by industries interested in the production of anthocyanin-based products.
Two photon absorption and third harmonic generation micro- spectroscopy : hemoglobin and other compounds

We report on third harmonic generation (THG), two photon absorption (TPA), and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) micro-spectroscopy studies performed on solutions of hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, water, benzene, and several dyes. We use focussed, ultrafast, 2 nano-joule laser pulses at selected center wavelengths between 760- 1000 nm. We find evidence of one, two, and three photon resonances in these materials. Previous nonlinear spectroscopy work with solution phase bio-molecules has been largely limited to fluorescent compounds. We substantially extend these studies and report on use of THG as a general means of investigating the nonlinear properties of non-fluorescent molecules. At physiologically relevant concentrations, hemoglobin solutions are found to have large resonant TPA cross- sections of about 150 GM. This finding confirms theoretical predictions that the highly conjugated cyclic structure of porphryns may lead to cross-sections of such magnitudes. At some wavelengths we find a significant differences between the nonlinear properties of hemoglobin in different ligand binding states. This suggests that the nonlinear optical properties of hemoglobin may be used as a functional contrast mechanism to report blood oxygenation in nonlinear laser scanning microscopy. Our spectral measurements on THG in water and benzene are found to be in good agreement with previous single wavelength studies. Our two-photon absorption spectra of rhodamine B and 6G are in excellent agreement with previous single wavelength TPA cross-sections studies performed on these dyes at similar concentrations. We show that large discrepancies in TPEF based cross-section studies on these dyes is largely due to concentration effects
Energy barrier for dimer flipping at the Si(001)‐2 × 1 surface in external electrostatic fields

We have investigated effects of external electrostatic fields on a barrier in energy for dimer flipping, EB, at the Si(001)‐(2 × 1) surface by using first‐principles total energy calculations. The results show that EB changes in proportion to Eext. This finding suggests that we can turn on and off the flip‐flop motions by alternating the polarity of the field with a scanning tunneling microscope at low temperatures.
Elucidating the role of lattice thermal conductivity in π‐phases of IV‐VI monochalcogenides for highly efficient thermoelectric performance

Recently, an emerging new class of cubic π‐polymorphs are being pursued as cost‐effective and relatively less toxic materials for thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic applications. Using density functional formalism and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we have systematically studied the thermoelectric performance of π‐polymorphs. Hybrid functional (HSE03) is employed to realize accurate energy bandgaps, which helps to predict more accurate thermoelectric properties. The thermodynamic stability is observed by binding energies and phonon dispersions. It is observed that the Seebeck coefficients (S) are decreasing and electrical conductivities (σ) are increasing with carrier concentration. However, thermal conductivities are showing decreasing trends which lead to ultimately increased ZT. π‐GeSe shows a high power factor ~16.50 mW/mK2 among all π‐polymorphs. The figure of merit, ZT value, of π‐SnS, π‐SnSe, π‐GeS, and π‐GeSe are found to be 0.83, 1.20, 1.28, and 1.63 with optimal carrier concentration at 800 K. The present work highlights the potential of newly discovered cubic π‐polymorphs of chalcogenides for highly efficient thermoelectric materials.
Investor Attention from Internet Search Volume and Underreaction to Earnings Announcements in Korea

Recent studies have used internet search volume as a measure of investor attention. In addition, literature argues that limited investor attention contributes to market underreaction to public information such as earnings announcements. We show that firms with more investor attention captured by abnormal internet search frequency have stronger announcement-day reactions and weaker post-earnings-announcement drift. The effect of abnormal search frequency is stronger for medium and small-sized firms, which usually receive insufficient attention. Our evidence indicates that firms with higher search intensity are traded more, especially by individual investors. Moreover, we imply that it is a sustainable development for investors to be able to use public information through the internet for investment in stock markets.
Synthesis of HMX via Nitrolysis of DPT Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquids

The direct nitrolysis of DPT to synthesize HMX with ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts was investigated. The results showed that [Et3NH] HSO4 was the best catalyst among 18 ILs used and the yield of HMX was up to 61% against 45% without IL. The ILs could be efficiently recovered by simple distillation and extraction after reaction without any apparent loss of catalytic activity even after 10 times recycling.
Mechanical behavior of a NiTi superelastic bone plate obtained by investment casting assisted by additive manufacturing

The mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi SMA) presents unique features that benefit the bone fracture healing process: matching elastic modulus ranges, the ability to recover large deformations, and mechanical dissipation capacity. In this sense, this work proposes a new manufacturing process for NiTi SMA bone implants, particularly bone plates: additive manufacturing assisted investment casting (IC). This process delivers near-net NiTi SMA parts with either simple or complex shapes, also allowing a high degree of customization. Four identical NiTi SMA bone plates were manufactured through IC and characterized. Four-point bending tests were performed on the bone plate prototypes to verify their mechanical and fatigue behaviors. The NiTi bone plates have an elastic modulus of the order of 49 GPa at 37 °C and recovered all deformations upon unloading when submitted to four-point bending deflections up to 4 mm. The fatigue life was between 103 and >105, depending on the deflection amplitude. Our next work with this technology will address aspects of cytotoxicity and implantation of the part in animals.
Usability testing of an electronic health application for patient activation on weight management.

Background Obesity is a leading public health concern in the United States. One promising method for enhancing patient activation to engage in health promoting behaviors is with technology in the primary care setting. The primary purpose of this study was to test the usability of a patient activation tool, called mWRAPPED, for weight management during primary care wait times. Methods A two-cycle approach to usability testing was followed by a pragmatic usability study in the primary care setting. The application was subsequently revised based on patient feedback. A convenience sample of patients completed usability testing in the clinical setting. Patients completed the System Usability Scale throughout all testing phases. Results First cycle patients provided an average score of 76.5 on the System Usability Scale. After revising mWRAPPED, the average patient System Usability Scale score increased to 80.5. mWRAPPED received an average System Usability Scale score of 77.9 when tested in the clinical setting. mWRAPPED demonstrated initial usability for primary care patients in an academic outpatient family medicine clinical setting. Conclusions Results of the current study will help to support the use of this application in future studies as a novel approach to delivering guideline-based weight management information to patients.
Towards a Holistic Microgrid Performance Framework and a Data-Driven Assessment Analysis

On becoming a commodity, Microgrids (MGs) have started gaining ground in various sizes (e.g., nanogrids, homegrids, etc.) and forms (e.g., local energy communities) leading an exponential growth in the respective sector. From demanding deployments such as military bases and hospitals, to tertiary and residential buildings and neighborhoods, MG systems exploit renewable and conventional generation assets, combined with various storage capabilities to deliver a completely new set of business opportunities and services in the context of the Smart Grid. As such systems involve economic, environmental and technical aspects, their performance is quite difficult to evaluate, since there are not any standards that cover all of these aspects, especially during operational stages. Towards allowing an holistic definition of a MG performance, for both design and operational stages, this paper first introduces a complete set of Key Performance Indicators to measure holistically the performance of a MG’s life cycle. Following, focusing on the MG’s day-to-day operation, a data-driven assessment is proposed, based on dynamic metrics, custom made reference models, and smart meter data, in order to be able to extract its operational performance. Two different algorithmic implementations (i.e., Dynamic Time Warping and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) are used to support the methodology proposed, while real-life data are used from a small scale MG to provide the desired proof-of-concept. Both algorithms seem to correctly identify days and periods of not optimal operation, hence presenting promising results for MG performance assessment, that could lead to a MG Performance Classification scheme.
Abstract 266: Quantifying the Effect of Technological Advancements and Guidelines on Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Survival Outcomes

Introduction: The 2009 H1N1 pandemic resulted in a substantial increase in the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The concurrent release of guidelines by the French Ministry of Health also led to the standardization of ECPR protocol. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine if the simultaneous development of guidelines and expanded usage led to an increase in survival to hospital discharge (SHD) in pediatric ECPR and to investigate if predictors of survival have changed since 2009. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched to identify studies examining survival outcome and predictors of survival for pediatric ECPR. A random-effects model was applied. Additional pre-specified subgroup analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. A univariate meta-regression analysis was conducted. Results: The meta-analysis included 3,454 patients from 30 studies. Total survival rates have not improved in pediatric ECPR between subgroups (Mann-Whitney U test: p > 0.05). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) duration for survivors was not significantly different than nonsurvivors before 2009 RR -0.02 [95% CI: -0.19 - 0.14], but was significantly lower than nonsurvivors after 2009 RR -0.32 [-0.48 - -0.15, p < 0.05]. Meta-regression analysis revealed the ratio of ECMO duration for survivors compared to non-survivors has significantly decreased from 1998 to 2020 (p < 0.05). Patient age was a significant predictor of survival pre-2009 RR but is not correlated with survival post-2009 (p > 0.05). PaO2 was significantly higher in survivors than nonsurvivors pre-2009 RR 0.15 [0.12 - 0.18, p < 0.05] but was not significantly different post-2009 (p > 0.05). End-tidal CO2, CPR duration, pre-CPR serum lactate, and pre-CPR creatinine were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between survivors and non-survivors in either pre-2009 or post-2009. Conclusion: Pediatric ECPR did not see major improvement in survival rates since 2009. In addition, predictors of survival for pediatric ECPR cases have changed over the last 10 years. As such, clinicians may be advised to rely much more heavily on recent research regarding predictors of survival in pediatric ECPR cases.
Statistical Modeling of Determinants of Anemia Prevalence among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective Childhood anemia remains a significant public health challenge in developing countries, and it has negative consequences on the growth of the children. Therefore, it is essential to identify the determinants of childhood anemia, as these will help in formulating appropriate health policies in order to meet the United Nations MDG goal. This study aims to assess and model the determinants of the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria. To accomplish the aims of the study, the authors applied single-level and multilevel binary logistic regression models. Methods To measure the relative impact of individual and household-level factors for childhood anemia among children aged 6–59 months, this study undertakes data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys with both binary logistic and multilevel logistic regression models. The fit of the model was assessed by Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, variance inflation factor, and likelihood ratio tests. Results The study established that about 67.01% of the children were anemic and identified sex of children, mother's education, religion, household wealth status, total children ever born, age of children, place of residence, and region to have a statistical significant effect on the prevalence of anemia. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anemia was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.50, 0.63) in children aged from 24 to 42 months and 0.40 (95% CI = 0.36, 0.45) in children aged from 43 to 59 months. Also, children who reside in certain geographical-political zones of Nigeria are associated with increased childhood anemia. Conclusion This study has highlighted the high prevalence of childhood anemia in Nigeria and indicated the need to improve mothers' education and regional variations. Findings from this study can help policymakers and public health institutions to map out programs targeting these regions as a measure of tackling the prevalence of anemia among the Nigerian populace.
The Learning Trap in Late Industrialisation: Local Firms and Capability Building in Ethiopia’s Apparel Export Industry

Abstract Local firms in new supplier countries face major challenges in entering manufacturing global value chains (GVCs) in the context of increased competition and requirements. To understand these challenges, we argue for the importance of looking more closely at local firm capability building, which is a costly and uncertain process and in the early stage of industrialisation was historically facilitated by industrial policy and leveraging foreign knowledge. This article examines the opportunities and constraints that Ethiopian-owned firms faced in building capabilities to enter apparel GVCs, using a survey designed to measure firms’ capabilities and firm histories to understand learning paths. We find that local export firms had a large capability gap between their existing capabilities and what is required to enter apparel GVCs, leading to high learning costs and risks, while the profit margins were very low, and there were limited learning channels. Industrial policy evolved taking into account these constraints, but faced challenges in providing learning channels for local firms in the context of a weak manufacturing class and hyper-competitive apparel GVCs. This resulted in a learning trap where local firms do not even try to enter manufacturing GVCs, or enter but fail to remain.