Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lateral vacuum microelectronic logic gate design

A detailed calculation of static electric fields and electron trajectories is used for designs of vacuum microelectronic NOR and NAND logic gates based on a wedge-shaped field emission cathode. A basic pentode device that permits a compact physical layout has lateral electron trajectories and a field emission wedge-shaped cathode. Electric fields at the cathode surface are calculated using a special zooming technique based on a 1600-point spatial matrix. Cathode current is calculated using the Fowler-Nordheim equation form but with constants adjusted to match available experimental data. The gates modeled are direct-coupled-vacuum-microelectronic logic (DCVML) capable of large fan-in and fan-out. The basic pentode device modeled with a 1 mu m cathode-to-extraction grid spacing has total layout dimension of 17 mu m. The pentode device geometry greatly reduces a major problem of high grid current by making use of two deflector electrodes. The deflectors also provide trajectory confinement to reduce the device size.
Noncontact surface profiling using a novel capacitive technique: scanning capacitance microscopy

This paper describes the development of a novel mechanically scanned and non-contacting surface profiling technique in which measurements of electrical capacitance are used to maintain a small separation between the tip of a fine wire probe and the surface of the sample under examination as the probe is scanned over the surface. The principle of operation of the technique is described and examples of results obtained are shown. A prototype instrument has achieved a height resolution of approximately 5 nm and a lateral resolution of better than 500 nm, though these are by no means ultimate resolutions. This instrument also demonstrated the capability of the technique to measure surface profiles over both insulating and conducting surfaces. A commercial implementation of the technique offering 0.1 micron height resolution has recently become available and is described. Applications of this instrument and of the technique in general are discussed.
The phase plane method for the solution of equations applied to semiconductor device modelling

A new method is introduced for solving the sets of discretized non‐linear equations which arise in the modelling of semiconductor microwave devices. The technique involves writing the functions to be solved as the right‐hand sides of damped differential equations. Following the solution path of these equations in phase space leads to the equilibrium point which corresponds to the solution of the original set of equations. An error analysis is made of the method, and the method is illustrated by applying it to a model of a four‐layer HEMT with two recesses and a fieldplate. In the early stages of developing the modelling equations for a new device, it is necessary to be able to add or subtract features into the equations; the main benefit of the method introduced here is that the minimum amount of preparation needs to be done in order to discretize the amended equations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet modeling of signals for non-destructive testing of concretes

In a non-destructive test of concrete structures, ultrasonic pulses are commonly used to detect damage or embedded objects from their reflections. A wavelet modeling method is proposed here to identify the main reflections and to remove the interferences in the detected ultrasonic waves. This method assumes that if the structure is stimulated by a wavelet function with good time–frequency localization ability, the detected signal is a combination of time-delayed and amplitude-attenuated wavelets. Therefore, modeling of the detected signal by wavelets can give a straightforward and simple model of the original signal. The central time and amplitude of each wavelet represent the position and amplitude of the reflections in the detected structure. A signal processing method is also proposed to estimate the structure response to wavelet excitation from its response to a high-voltage pulse with a sharp leading edge. A signal generation card with a compact peripheral component interconnect extension for instrumentation interface is designed to produce this high-voltage pulse. The proposed method is applied to synthesized aperture focusing technology of concrete specimens and the image results are provided.
A structured approach to product and process optimization for manufacturing and service industries

Continuous improvement is a cyclic process of product and process optimization over a product life cycle. Optimization is beyond quality and reliability management – meaning, an organization is keeping in constant touch with new technological advances and frequently employs the applicable technologies to improve an existing product. Cycling means that an organization is continually exploring new frontiers in manufacturing technologies. The latest advances in related fields such as computers and systems are reviewed regularly for possible inclusion in the produced and process optimization cycle. Today, there is no single unique structure or process that defines “continuous improvement”, or, in a larger sense, what is described here as product and process optimization (PPO). Outlines a new structured approach to product and process optimization which includes, in addition to change management, three sets of metrics and measurements. PPO is a function of life‐cycle management. There are three aspects of life.
A Comparative Analysis of Smallholders Tapping Practices in Four Rubber Producing Regions of Thailand

Rubber has been grown for long in the South and East of Thailand. Since 2005, rubber plantations have largely spread to new regions, in the North and above all in the Northeast. Tapping is one of the most important practices to optimize the yield of rubber plantations and farmers income [. If tapping practices are well documented in the traditional growing areas [2, , we lack information for the new rubber producing regions. And so far, no study has been done at the level of the country. Therefore, a survey was conducted with 219 rubber farmers from 10 provinces in four rubber producing regions to describe farmers tapping practices. The objective was to compare farmers practices in the different regions and try to identify some standardization or differentiation factors. Results show that tapping systems used by the farmers vary with the region but everywhere, even in the South and Centre east, the real tapping practices are not really intensive. Tapping practices seem to be linked to farmers rubber experience, the size of mature plantation, the rainfall and the length of the leaf-fall period. So finally, tapping days are irregularly distributed throughout the year which probably affects latex physiology and so, the potential yield of rubber plantations.
Quantitative measurement of 10cm3 LED mini-lidar for Mars rover

In this study, LED based mini-lidar to install into Mars rover has been developed. Its aim is to capture the dynamics of dust twister called “Dust Devil”. For Mars rover installation, there are large restrictions of 10cm3 optics size, 1kg weight, 1W power consumption, etc. We have developed its concept model, and conducted the demonstration experiment. The LED mini-lidar is equipped with a high speed photon counter, of which data sampling interval is 1ns, corresponding to a range bin of 0.15m, and a high repetition pulsed LED beam, of which repetition frequency is greater than 500kHz. Transmitting optical pulse power was <10nJ/10ns (= 1W). For summation time of greater than 0.2s, surface atmosphere activity in the order of seconds can be visualized with this high resolution. The dynamics measurement of an artificial twister was successfully conducted with this mini-lidar. In this report, the quantitative measurement method to distinguish dust samples in relation to Zirconia beads measurements is proposed. The relationship between the shaking off dust weight and its scattering cross section is obtained. The dust chamber experiment was conducted with several kinds of dust particles, too. These lidar echo results were compared with transmissometer, and they were well coincided due to the concentration change. The nature fog observation was conducted with this mini-lidar, too. The liquid water content was estimated under the consideration of the result of the quantitative measurement.
Numerical modelling of transformers interturn faults and characterising the faulty transformer behaviour under various faults and operating conditions

Interturn short circuit faults are the leading cause of power transformer failures. If not quickly detected, these faults usually develop into more serious faults that would result in irreversible damage to the transformer, unexpected outages and the consequential costs. This contribution is aimed at obtaining a better understanding of physical behaviour of power transformers in the presence of interturn faults as well as extracting several features that would be useful to specify the faults. To this end, a circuit-coupled time-stepping finite-element model (FEM) of power transformer has been developed to characterise the transient behaviour of a real power transformer when the transformer is working under winding short circuit fault conditions. An experimental set-up consisting of the same transformer used with the FEM transformer simulation was used to validate the FEM of the faulty transformer. The results of the experiments demonstrate the remarkable ability of the model to reproduce the real behaviour of the transformer with interturn winding faults. The study characterises the faulty transformer behaviour under varying conditions of load, supplying voltage, location of the fault, and fault severity and size. Useful characteristic signatures associated with interturn faults extracted from the transformer behaviour under varying fault and transformer operating conditions are expected to yield insights into developing reliable and sensitive fault detection and localisation methods in power transformers.
Modeling of two-hot-arm horizontal thermal actuator

Electrothermal actuators have a very promising future in MEMS applications since they can generate large deflection and force with low actuating voltages and small device areas. In this study, a lumped model of a two-hot-arm horizontal thermal actuator is presented. In order to prove the accuracy of the lumped model, finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental results are provided. The two-hot-arm thermal actuator has been fabricated using the MUMPs process. Both the experimental and FEA results are in good agreement with the results of lumped modeling.
Holonic manufacturing: flexibility—the competitive battle in the 1990s

Abstract This study, which has been undertaken since 1986, followed several leading japanese and American manufacturers by time-series. In the course of the research activities we found that some of the manufacturers were undergoing a ‘paradigm shift’ in their way of thinking of manufacturing. We labelled the old manufacturing philosophy ‘Business-as-usual’ and the new thinking as ‘Holonic manufacturing’. The value system in which the manufacturing network must live has to be agreeable with Holonic manufacturing. Mass (economy-of-scale) production has a value system different to that of‘new wave’. Enough work has been carried out to make holonic manufacturing a bright vision. For the leading manufacturers, however, truly attaining it is a route filled with many obstacles—they have to create the changes to force the paradigm shift.
Coupled-fed planar printed shorted monopole antenna for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications

A coupled-fed monopole antenna for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a top radiator and a bottom radiator. For the top radiator, the basic resonance of the shorted monopole and the resonance formed by the coupled feed combine to cover the LTE700, GSM850 and GSM900 bands. The coupled feed structure operates with the shorting strip as a loop. The resonance of the loop and the harmonics of the monopole combine to cover the GSM1900, UMTS and LTE2300 bands. By covering the GSM1800 band through the bottom radiator, the proposed structure covers the LTE700, LTE2300, GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900 and UMTS bands. A stable and omni-directional radiation pattern with reasonable gain has been observed over the operating bandwidth.
The Application of an Improved Hybrid Genetic and Simulated Annealing for Optimization of the Bus Timetable

Non-uniform bus timetable is presented and the corresponding model is set up. Then the Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing algorithm are combined, also the crossover operation, mutation operation and elitist strategy are improved in genetic process, so the improved hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithm is got. Finally, this algorithm is designed and used to the bus timetable model, and the results indicate this algorithm has the higher efficiency than simple GA and is one effective way to optimizing the bus timetable, also the non-uniform bus timetable is proved to reduce the passengers' waiting time and improve the agency's efficiency.
Printed dual ring loop antenna for wireless applications

A wideband printed dual ring loop antenna is presented for the 5.2/5.4/5.8 GHz wide local area network (WLAN) and intelligent transfer system (ITS) band applications. The proposed antenna consists of dual ring loops, which are radiating ring loop and modified ring loop by ground plane. This antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide. This provides wideband performance and relatively good matching. Considering a return loss criterion of less than 10 dB, the antenna operates in frequency bands of 4.83–6.25 GHz. A parametric study has also been conducted by varying the spacing between the dual rings to analyze its effect on the resonant frequency. The operating frequency bands of the antenna are able to support WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz) and ITS (5.75–6.25 GHz) bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1093–1097, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26701
Anti-Roll and Active Roll Suspensions

Full car roll model is used to show an anti-roll control like that in Citroen's Xantia Activa and the proposed active roll with an in-series active suspension. Computed responses to pulse-shaped anti-phase road unevenness as well as to lateral acceleration in comparison with passive suspension are given in the paper. Also stability values for all parameters can be found.
Identificação e avaliação de variáveis críticas no processo de produção da cana-de-açúcar

The sugarcane is one of the most economically important crops in Brazil, presenting a perspective of cultivated areas expansion for the next years. In reason of the increasing at the demanding, there is a need of maintenance and increasing field yield, optimizing the already available resources. One of the alternatives for the yield increasing is the improvement of agricultural operations involved in the production. It is necessary, because of the operational issues and involved cost, to identify those of more importance and establish the patterns to be attend by then. This way the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the critical variables that are present in the sugarcane production process. The work was developed in two stages. The first one consisted of the identification of the critical variables through FMEA "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis". The second one was carried out in the field, in order to evaluate the most critical variable and determined the capacity of the process through the Cpk index. Seventeen variables were identified and among them the irregular spacing between furrows was considered as the most critical. The furrows systems guide, manual and automatic, are not capable of attending the tolerance limits adopted by the sugarcane mill. It is necessary to review these limits and/or analyze alternatives to improve the systems in order attend the wanted patterns.
CD123-Targeted Nano-Curcumin Molecule Enhances Cytotoxic Efficacy in Leukemic Stem Cells

Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is a disease with a high rate of relapse and drug resistance due to the remaining leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Therefore, LSCs are specific targets for the treatment of leukemia. CD123 is specifically expressed on LSCs and performs as a specific marker. Curcumin is the main active compound of a natural product with low toxicity for humans. It has been reported to inhibit leukemic cell growth. However, curcumin is practically insoluble in water and has low bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to formulate curcumin nanoparticles and conjugate with the anti-CD123 to overcome the low water solubility and improve the targeting of LSCs. The cytotoxicity of both curcumin-loaded PLGA/poloxamer nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) and anti-CD123-curcumin-loaded PLGA/poloxamer nanoparticles (anti-CD123-Cur-NPs) were examined in KG-1a cells. The results showed that Cur-NPs and Cur-NPs-CD123 exhibited cytotoxic effects on KG-1a cells with the IC50 values of 74.20 ± 6.71 and 41.45 ± 5.49 µM, respectively. Moreover, anti-CD123-Cur-NPs induced higher apoptosis than Cur-NPs. The higher uptake of anti-CD123-Cur-NPs in KG-1a cells was confirmed by using flow cytometry. In conclusion, the anti-CD123-Cur-NPs formulation improved curcumin’s bioavailability and specific targeting of LSCs, suggesting that it is a promising drug delivery system for improving the therapeutic efficacy against AML.
Defected‐ground coupled microstrip lines bandpass filter with suppressed spurious resonances

Defected‐ground coupled microstrip lines (DCL) bandpass filter is proposed. The length of the proposed filter is quarter the length of conventional coupled‐line filter and it has a wide stopband and suppressed spurious resonances up to 4f0, where f0 is the filter central frequency. Five hundred and fifty megahertz single‐section and two‐section DCL filters were designed and fabricated. Simulations and measurements show that the rejection levels of the spurious resonances at 2f0, 3f0 as well as 4f0 are better than −11 and −14 dB for single‐section DCL and double‐section DCL, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2038–2039, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22590
International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research

This paper reports the results of an exploratory study on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) specifications corpus in relation to the changes in volume, structure, and production of Internet standards. Using data spanning three decades, the authors examine changes in the production volume and type composition of IETF documents, their interdependency, and the level of collaboration involved in their production. Longitudinal changes in the standards corpus exhibit an increasing trend in interdependency, number of refinement steps, and number of authors, and additionally reveal that standards production is of an episodic nature with regular peaks in output volume. Complementary analysis on the network structure of dependencies highlights a trend toward compartmentalization of the system over the years involving the emergence of relatively isolated subsystems of related standards. The authors suggest that a perspective which considers a system like IETF as an organization itself, rather than a constellation of extra-organizational activities, is needed to understand and manage standardization processes like this one.
Ocean bubbles under high wind conditions. Part 2: Bubble size distributions and implications for models of bubble dynamics

Abstract. Bubbles formed by breaking waves in the open ocean influence many surface processes but are poorly understood. We report here on detailed bubble size distributions measured during the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS) in the North Atlantic, during four separate storms with hourly averaged wind speeds from 10–27 m s−1. The measurements focus on the deeper plumes formed by advection downwards (at 2 m depth and below), rather than the initial surface distributions. Our results suggest that bubbles reaching a depth of 2 m have already evolved to form a heterogeneous but statistically stable population in the top 1–2 metres of the ocean. These shallow bubble populations are carried downwards by coherent near-surface circulations; bubble evolution at greater depths is consistent with control by local gas saturation, surfactant coatings and pressure. We find that at 2 m the maximum bubble radius observed has a very weak wind speed dependence and is too small to be explained by simple buoyancy arguments. For void fractions greater than 10−6, bubble size distributions at 2 m can be fitted by a two-slope power law (with slopes of −0.3 for bubbles of radius < 80 μm and −4.4 for larger sizes). If normalised by void fraction, these distributions collapse to a very narrow range, implying that the bubble population is relatively stable and the void fraction is determined by bubbles spreading out in space rather than changing their size over time. In regions with these relatively high void fractions we see no evidence for slow bubble dissolution. When void fractions are below 10−6, the peak volume of the bubble size distribution is more variable, and can change systematically across a plume at lower wind speeds, tracking the void fraction. Relatively large bubbles (80 μm in radius) are observed to persist for several hours in some cases, following periods of very high wind. Our results suggest that local gas supersaturation around the bubble plume may have a strong influence on bubble lifetime, but significantly, the deep plumes themselves cannot be responsible for this supersaturation. We propose that the supersaturation is predominately controlled by the dissolution of bubbles in the top metre of the ocean, and that this bulk water is then drawn downwards, surrounding the deep bubble plume and influencing its lifetime. In this scenario, oxygen uptake is associated with deep bubble plumes, but is not driven directly by them. We suggest that as bubbles move to depths greater than 2 m, sudden collapse may be more significant as a bubble destruction mechanism than slow dissolution, especially in regions of high void fraction. Finally, we present a proposal for the processes and timescales which form and control these deeper bubble plumes.
SMAD: Text Classification of Arabic Social Media Dataset for News Sources

Due to the advances in technology, social media has become the most popular means for the propagation of news. Many news items are published on social media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. but are not categorized into various different domains, such as politics, education, finance, art, sports, and health. Thus, text classification is needed to classify the news into different domains to reduce the huge amount of news available over social media, reduce time and effort for recognizing the category or domain, and present data to improve the searching process. Most existing datasets don’t follow preprocessing and filtering processes and aren’t organized based on classification standards to be ready for use. Thus, the Arabic Natural Processing Language (ANLP) phases will be used to preprocess, normalize, and categorize the news into the right domain. This paper proposes an Arabic Social Media Dataset (SMAD) for text classification purposes over the social media using ANLP steps. The SMAD dataset consists of 15,240 Arabic news items categorized over the Facebook social network. The experimental results illustrate that the SMAD corpus gives accuracy of about 98% in five domains (Art, Education, Health, Politics, and Sport). The SMAD dataset has been trained tested and is ready for use. Keywords—Text classification; Arabic text classification; Arabic Natural Language Processing (ANLP)