Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Nine Wheat Cultivars and Lines to Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in Iran

Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is the main pest of wheat that can considerably limit profitable crop production, either through direct feeding or via transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. One of the most effective approaches of pest control is the use of resistant cultivars and lines. Based on the initial screening test of 35 wheat cultivars and lines, we selected five cultivars (Pishtaz, Omid, Yavaras, Akbari, and Bahar) and four lines (R1-10, R2-9, R3-16, and R3-17) with different levels of resistance to S. graminum for antixenosis and antibiosis experiments. In the antixenosis test, the number of S. graminum attracted on R1-10 was the lowest after 24, 48, and 72 hours. In life table study, S. graminum reared on Yavaras and R1-10 had the lower survival rate, fecundity, and reproductive period compared with other host plans tested. Values of the intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r m ), finite rate of increase ( λ ), net Reproductive rate ( R 0 ), and Doubling Time (DT) indicated lowest population growth of S. graminum , when fed on Yavaras (0.26 d -1 , 1.30 d -1 , 17.66 offspring and 2.62 days, respectively). Based on the antixenosis and antibiosis analyses in this study, we concluded that R1-10 and Yavaras were more resistant to S. graminum . These findings could be useful for integrated pest of S. graminum in wheat fields.
Micropropagation of an endangered species Pinus armandii var. amamiana.

For micropropagation via organ culture, mature embryos were excised from the seeds of Pinus armandii. Franch. var. amamiana (Koidz.) Hatusima, an endangered species only inhabiting the south west islands of Japan. Adventitious buds were induced on the surface of the embryo on 1/2 DCR medium containing BAP, and they grew shoots after subculturing to medium containing activated charcoal or a low concentration of thidiazuron. From the elongated shoots, root primordia and roots were induced in medium containing IBA as an auxine. We found that a low concentration of zeatin or BAP added to the medium was beneficial for plant regeneration of mature embryos of this species. For micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis, embryogenic cell suspensions were induced from a mature and immature seed of P. armandii var. amamiana on MS liquid medium supplemented with 1 µM 2, 4-D and 3 µM BAP. The suspensions were incubated in the dark at 250. Induced suspension cells were transferred to ammonium free MS liq- uid medium supplemented with 1 µM 2, 4-D, 3 µM BAP and 30m M L-glutamine and subcultured every 2 weeks. In the other set of the experiment, the induction rate of somatic embryogenesis was high with ammonium free half strength MS medium. In order to develop somatic embryos, the suspension cells were transferred to ammonium free MS medium supplemented with 10 µM ABA, 0.2% activated char- coal, 10% PEG (MW6000), 30m M L-glutamine and 6% maltose. The cultures were incubated under a 16h light/8h dark photoperiod. After 1-2 months of culture, differentiation of embryos progressed and cotyledonary embryos were obtained. These embryos were transferred on ammonium free MS solid medium under 16 h photoperiod. After 2-3 weeks plantlets with roots and green cotyledons were obtained. Plantlets were transplanted to vermiculite containing modified MS liquid medium in 200 ml culture flasks, then out planted after habituation procedure
Effects of age and sex on blood biochemistry of dorper lambs

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar as variacoes fisiologicas e influencia das faixas etarias e sexo nas variaveis bioquimicas sanguineas de 32 ovinos machos e femeas da raca Dorper dos 15 aos 121 dias de idade. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de sangue em cada animal, em intervalos mensais, totalizando 128 amostras. As variaveis bioquimicas determinadas em cada amostra foram proteina total (PT), albumina (ALB), globulinas (GLOB), relacao albumina/globulina (A/G), glicose (GLI), triglicerides (TRI), colesterol total (CHOLt), lipoproteinas de alta densidade carreadoras de colesterol (HDL-C), lipoproteinas de baixa densidade carreadoras de colesterol (LDL-C), lipoproteinas de muito baixa densidade carreadoras de colesterol (VLDL-C), ureia, creatinina (CREA), calcio total (Cat), calcio ionizado (Cai), fosforo (P), relacao calcio/fosforo (Ca/P), magnesio (Mg), sodio (Na), potassio (K), cloreto (Cl), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e fosfatase alcalina (FAL). Os resultados foram obtidos em quatro momentos de acordo com a idade: M1 - ovinos de 15 a 30 dias, M2 - ovinos de 45 a 61 dias, M3 - ovinos de 74 a 90 dias e M4 - ovinos de 105 a 121 dias. Comparados os valores das variaveis bioquimicas entre as quatro faixas etarias estudadas observou-se diferenca significativa (p 0,05) os valores das variaveis bioquimicas sanguineas analisadas. Com base nos resultados conclui-se que as faixas etarias exercem influencia significativa na maioria das variaveis bioquimicas sanguineas de ovinos da raca Dorper dos 15 aos 121 dias de idade.
Multipurpose Radio for Railways. Construction and Applications

This paper provides information on the construction and presents experience from the “Koliber” project: a modern multipurpose radio system for railways. The radio equipment is produced by Radionika Ltd., and was designed in cooperation with Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology. Discussed here are system architecture, technical and functional parameters, and innovative radio system applications possible thanks to its innovatory construction.
Mitochondrial DNA differentiation in chamois [genus Rupicapra]: implications for taxonomy, conservation, and management

haplotypes ranged from 0.05% to 0.25%. One chamois from the High Tatra (subspecies R. r. tatrica) was examined and showed the standard haplotype found in R. r. rupicapra. MtDNA in chamois from Catalunya, belonging to R. pyrenaica pyrenaica, was polymorphic for two haplotypes not found in any population of R. rupicapra. Mean nucleotide divergence among haplotypes found in R. rupicapra and R. pyrenaica was 0.56% (SD = 0.16%). Based on this value, an estimated divergence time of about 280 000 years suggests that the mtDNA lineages of R. rupicapra and R. pyrenaica separated prior to the Riss glacial in the later Pleistocene.
Curvature-induced geometric potential in strain-driven nanostructures

The experimental progress in synthesizing low-dimensional nanostructures where carriers are confined to bent surfaces has boosted the interest in the theory of quantum mechanics on curved two-dimensional manifolds. It was recently asserted that constrained electrically charged particles couple to a term linear in A_3 M, where A_3 is the transversal component of the electromagnetic vector potential and M the surface mean curvature, thereby making a dimensional reduction procedure impracticable in the presence of fields. Here we resolve this apparent paradox by providing a consistent general framework of the thin-wall quantization procedure. We also show that the separability of the equation of motions is not endangered by the particular choice of the constraint imposed on the transversal fluctuations of the wavefunction, which renders the thin-wall quantization procedure well-founded. It can be applied without restrictions.
A Bioinspired Neural Model Based Extended Kalman Filter for Robot SLAM

Robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem is a very important and challenging issue in the robotic field. The main tasks of SLAM include how to reduce the localization error and the estimated error of the landmarks and improve the robustness and accuracy of the algorithms. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) based method is one of the most popular methods for SLAM. However, the accuracy of the EKF based SLAM algorithm will be reduced when the noise model is inaccurate. To solve this problem, a novel bioinspired neural model based SLAM approach is proposed in this paper. In the proposed approach, an adaptive EKF based SLAM structure is proposed, and a bioinspired neural model is used to adjust the weights of system noise and observation noise adaptively, which can guarantee the stability of the filter and the accuracy of the SLAM algorithm. The proposed approach can deal with the SLAM problem in various situations, for example, the noise is in abnormal conditions. Finally, some simulation experiments are carried out to validate and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
TO DESIGN A SIMULATOR FOR PERFORMANCE COMPARISION OF COST MODELS

In Cost Estimation Models we estimate the cost. Software Cost Estimation is the process of predicting the amount of effort required to build a software system. In this dissertation, I will design a simulator that compare the cost models i.e COCOMO81 and COCOMO2.0 and find the which one is better in terms of cost, effort, persons per month and source lines of codes. In this work, random number generator is used for input. The output is shown in the form of graphs. All work is done in java language. The performance of cost models is a series of simulations reveal that the proposed scheme provides a better solution.
Dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungi after windthrow

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are dependent on the carbohydrates produced by higher plants. Their main energy source is lost immediately if the higher plant is eliminated, e.g. as the result of windthrow. In this study we investigated how long ectomycorrhizal fungi can survive in the soil and still be capable of colonizing naturally regenerating seedlings on an uncleared windthrow site. A biotest was used for measuring the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of the soil and morphological and molecular techniques for identifying the ectomycorrhizas. Ten years after the windthrow event, the number of infective ectomycorrhizal fungi in the soil of the windthrow plot was significantly smaller than in the adjacent forest. The remaining species, including Tylospora asterophora, Telephora terrestris and Cenococcum geophilum were still able to fully mycorrhize the new seedlings. The results are discussed with respect to possible implications for forestry practice.
The Magellan Evolution of Galaxies Spectroscopic and Ultraviolet Reference Atlas (MegaSaura). II. Stacked Spectra

We stack the rest-frame ultraviolet spectra of N = 14 highly magnified gravitationally lensed galaxies at redshifts . The resulting new composite spans Å, with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 103 per spectral resolution element (∼100 km s−1). It is the highest S/N, highest spectral resolution composite spectrum of z ∼ 2–3 galaxies yet published. The composite reveals numerous weak nebular emission lines and stellar photospheric absorption lines that can serve as new physical diagnostics, particularly at high redshift with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We report equivalent widths to aid in proposing for and interpreting JWST spectra. We examine the velocity profiles of strong absorption features in the composite, and in a matched composite of COS/HST galaxy spectra. We find remarkable similarity in the velocity profiles at and , suggesting that similar physical processes control the outflows across cosmic time. While the maximum outflow velocity depends strongly on ionization potential, the absorption-weighted mean velocity does not. As such, the bulk of the high-ionization absorption traces the low-ionization gas, with an additional blueshifted absorption tail extending to at least −2000 km s−1. We interpret this tail as arising from the stellar wind and photospheres of massive stars. Starburst99 models are able to replicate this high-velocity absorption tail. However, these theoretical models poorly reproduce several of the photospheric absorption features, indicating that improvements are needed to match observational constraints on the massive stellar content of star-forming galaxies at . We publicly release our composite spectra.
A count model based on Gumbel interarrival times

The unprecedented and growing availability of climate data especially on rainfall and temperature from remote sensing and reanalysis, as well as developments in the forecasting of climate variability, present new opportunities for retrospective analysis and epidemic forecasting. As climate change threatens to cause global warming, resulting rises in sea levels and temperature may influence the temporal fluctuations of epidemics like cholera, Chikungunya etc., potentially increasing the frequency and duration of outbreaks of these diseases. Some results included in this chapter form part of the paper : Jose and Bindu in the Journal of Environmental Statistics, (2012b) and in the Proceedings of the XI Biennial Conference of the International Biometric Society, (2012c).
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections in Human Population of Gilgit, Northern Areas of Pakistan

A study was conducted during April, 2006 to March 31, 2007 to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram of urinary tract infections in human population of Gilgit, Northern Areas of Pakistan. Two hundred and fifty eight urine specimens of lower urinary tract infected patients referred to District Headquarter Hospital, Gilgit for bacteriological investigation, were cultured on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) agar (Oxoid) with the help of celebrated sterilized loop urine (approximately 0.01 ml) and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. More than 10 Gram staining. The Gram positive organisms were identified by coagulase, catalase and DNase tests, whereas Gram negative strains were identified by various biochemical tests. Out of 258 urine specimens, 113 (43.80%) were found infected with the pathogenic bacteria. The commonest isolates were Escherichia coli 55 (48.67%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 34 (30.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 (7.2%), Proteus vulgaris 5 (4.43%), Proteus mirabilis 2 (1.77%), Proteus sp. 3 (2.66%), Pseudomonas sp. 1 (0.3%) and Staphylococcus sp. 3 (2.66%). The incidence of urinary tract infection was high in females 68 (60.18%) as compared to males 45 (39.83%) and in the age group 21-50 years. The highest prevalence was found in Magini Muhala, Basin, Kashrote, Amphary and very few from Nagaral and Jutial. The incidence was found higher in summer as compared to other seasons. Most of the isolated strains were highly resistant to the antibiotics used except Proteus, which was 100 per cent sensitive to ciprofloxacin.
The effect of short/branched chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene on triglyceride synthesis of bovine mammary epithelial cells

Abstract. Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB) is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids. Our previous transcriptome analysis in dairy cattle showed that ACADSB was differentially expressed and was associated with milk fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to elucidate the background of this differential expression and to evaluate the role of ACADSB as a candidate for fat metabolism in dairy cattle. After analysis of ACADSB mRNA abundance by qRT-PCR and Western blot, overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) vectors of ACADSB gene were constructed and then transfected into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) to examine the effects of ACADSB on milk fat synthesis. The results showed that the ACADSB was differentially expressed in mammary tissue of low and high milk fat dairy cattle. Overexpression of ACADSB gene could significantly increase the level of intracellular triglyceride (TG), while ACADSB gene knockdown could significantly reduce the TG synthesis in bMECs. This study suggested that the ACADSB was important in TG synthesis in bMECs, and it could be a candidate gene to regulate the metabolism of milk fat in dairy cattle.
UST Research Online UST Research Online

Historically, autonomy has been treated as a broad one-dimensional construct. This paper proposes that there are two major types of autonomy for internal corporate ventures (ICVs)—planning autonomy and structural autonomy—and examines their respective impact on performance. Little prior knowledge exists regarding the autonomy–performance relationship for ICVs despite the billions of dollars of corporate investment in ICVs. In this study, I collect primary data on 38 ICVs at different stages of development from both venture-level and corporate-level managers from over a dozen companies in the U.S. Midwest. I ﬁnd that a negative relationship exists for planning autonomy regardless of venture stage. However, for venture structural autonomy, a more complex relationship was discovered, which ranged from positive to negative to curvilinear based on the venture’s stage of development
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Silver Nanoparticles Gel for Wound Dressing Applications

The purpose of this study was to fabricate chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ag nanoparticles (CPA) gels with microwave-assistance for skin applications. Microwave irradiation was employed to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles and to crosslink chitosan (CS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The presence of silver nanoparticles in CPA gels matrix was examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The interaction of CS and PVA was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The release of silver ions was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The antimicrobial properties of CPA gels against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were investigated using agar diffusion method. Finally, the biocompatibility and wound-healing ability of the gels were studied using fibroblast cells (in vitro) and mice models (in vivo). In conclusion, the results showed that CPA gels were successfully fabricated using microwave irradiation method. These gels can be applied to heal an open wound thanks to their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.
Antarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases

The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis was the most important geochemical event in Earth history, causing the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) ∼2.4 b.y. ago. However, evidence is mixed as to whether O2 production occurred locally as much as 2.8 b.y. ago, creating O2 oases, or initiated just prior to the GOE. The biogeochemical dynamics of possible O2 oases have been poorly constrained due to the absence of modern analogs. However, cyanobacteria in microbial mats in a perennially anoxic region of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, create a 1–2 mm O2-containing layer in the upper mat during summer, providing the first known modern analog for formation of benthic O2 oases. In Lake Fryxell, benthic cyanobacteria are present below the oxycline in the lake. Mat photosynthesis rates were slow due to low photon flux rate (1–2 µmol m−2 s−1) under thick ice cover, but photosynthetic O2 production was sufficient to sustain up to 50 µmol O2 L−1, sandwiched between anoxic overlying water and anoxic sediments. We hypothesize that Archean cyanobacteria could have similarly created O2 oases in benthic mats prior to the GOE. Analogous mats may have been at least partly responsible for geological evidence of oxidative weathering prior to the GOE, and habitats such as Lake Fryxell provide natural laboratories where the impact of benthic O2 oases on biogeochemical signatures can be investigated.
Design-by-Analogy Using the WordTree Method and an Automated WordTree Generating Tool

Design-by-Analogy is an approach that is widely embraced by designers seeking innovation. The identification of analogies is difficult, often spontaneous and not done by a systematic design process. The WordTree Method is a Design-by-Analogy method developed to systematically lead designers to functional design analogies. The WordTree Method is a relatively new design method and until now, WordTrees have been generated manually. This paper discusses a tool called the WordTree Express (WTE) that automates the generation of WordTrees. A controlled experiment presented in this paper shows that WTE positively influences designer’s options and that designers can effectively use it to identify analogies. Recommendations for further work advancing the WordTree Method and contributions to Design-by-Analogy are presented in the concluding remarks.
Estimating the Value of Urban Forests Using the Travel Cost Method

Municipal urban forestry programs are guided by the values that urbanites place on urban trees and forests. The willingness of users to pay for the use of urban forest areas is suggested as one useful measure of value to guide urban forestry programs. Travel cost models were developed for three urban forest sites in the Chicago area. The models estimated an average willingness to pay of $4.54, $8.68, and $12.71 per visit. Suggestions are made for further use of the travel cost method to estimate changes in the willingness of users to pay for urban forest sites under various management options. This information can provide guidance for urban forest resource management programs that are short of funds.
Friction modeling of Al-Mg alloy sheets based on multiple regression analysis and neural networks

This article reports a proposed approach to a frictional resistance description in sheet metal forming processes that enables the determination of the friction coefficient value under a wide range of friction conditions, without performing timeconsuming experiments. The motivation for this proposal is the fact that there exists a considerable amount of factors that affect the friction coefficient value and as a result building analytical friction model for specified process conditions is practically impossible. In this proposed approach, a mathematical model of friction behaviour is created using multiple regression analysis and artificial neural networks. The regression analysis was performed using a subroutine in MATLAB programming code and STATISTICA Neural Networks was utilized to build an artificial neural networks model. The effect of different training strategies on the quality of neural networks was studied. As input variables for regression model and training of radial basis function networks, generalized regression neural networks and multilayer networks, the results of strip drawing friction test were utilized. Four kinds of Al-Mg alloy sheets were used as a test material.
Diversity of the coat protein gene of Citrus tristeza virus ( CTV ) in the Mediterranean region

Sequence data of the coat protein gene of CTV were retrieved from the GenBank or from tested infected tissues and compiled. A comparison with a comparable set of sequences from worldwide isolates showed a very similar value for the nucleotide diversity and a very similar genetic structure in which the same seven groups of variants are conspicuous. A geographic speciation is not apparent and, probably, differences in the distribution of CTV groups are a result of trade. In countries that usually import propagating material from Spain, the group M predominates while group 3b predominates in countries that import material from Israel.