Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New tracer to estimate community predation rates of phagotrophic protists

Predation of eukaryotic microbes on prokaryotes is one of the most important trophic interactions on Earth, representing a major mortality term and shaping morphology and composi- tion of prokaryotic communities. Here we introduce and validate a new tracer to determine pre- dation rates on prokaryotes. Minicells of Escherichia coli marked with a bright green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector have many operational advantages over previously used prey analogs such as fluorescently labeled bacteria. GFP-minicells are similar in size to naturally occurring bacteria from a variety of environments including the oligotrophic open ocean and the deep sea. They are relatively stable against microbial and light degradation, are easy to grow and process, and can be produced inexpensively in large numbers. No chemical alteration of the particle surface due to heat killing and staining is involved. Grazing coefficients were compared between GFP-minicells and other GFP-modified bacteria, as well as 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein (DTAF)- stained cells. The grazing coefficients obtained from the removal of GFP-minicells compared favorably with estimates from tracer-independent estimates of grazing in the same experiments. Experiments with GFP-minicells resulted in community grazing coefficients similar to those reported for many different marine environments and those derived using various methods.
Minimization of the ground state of the mixture of two conducting materials in a small contrast regime

We consider the problem of distributing two conducting materials with a prescribed volume ratio in a given domain so as to minimize the first eigenvalue of an elliptic operator with Dirichlet conditions. The gap between the two conductivities is assumed to be small (low contrast regime). For any geometrical configuration of the mixture, we provide a complete asymptotic expansion of the first eigenvalue. We then consider a relaxation approach to minimize the second‐order approximation with respect to the mixture. We present numerical simulations in dimensions two and three to illustrate optimal distributions and the advantage of using a second‐order method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Review

Monitoring, analyzing, and predicting the impact of infectious diseases on the wellbeing of a society is the cornerstone of identifying effective ways to prevent, control, and manage disease spreads. It is a common perception that every infectious disease is transmitted through space and time from one individual to another in its own special spreading network in the environment. The use of models in public health decisionmaking has become increasingly important in the study of the spread of disease, designing interventions to control and prevent further outbreaks, and limiting their devastating effects on a population (McKenzie 2004; Day et al. 2006; Moghadas et al. 2008; Grassly and Fraser 2008; Arino et al. 2012). Modern epidemiological analysis andmodeling theory began in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By plotting cholera epidemic cases on a map, Snow (1849) hypothesized that contaminated water was the predominant contributor to the cholera transmission in London in 1849. Arthur Ransome, who first described the cyclic behavior of measles, developed a discrete-time epidemic model for cholera transmission in 1906 (Roberts and Heesterbeek 2003). These early spatial and temporal epidemic researches, combined with the progress of contemporary biology studies, led to some important discoveries regarding disease transmission. Aside from efforts made to develop vaccinations and medicines, it is expected that human infectious disease research will relieve the threat of infection by revealing the temporal and spatial dynamics of spreads. To meet this expectation, a variety of analysis
On the habitat use of the Neotropical whip spider Charinus asturius (Arachnida: Amblypygi)

The non-random occupation of habitats is termed habitat selection. Some species of whip spiders select trees with burrows at their base, while others use substrates such as rocks. Here, we investigated the habitat use by Charinus asturius Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002, an endemic species of Ilhabela Island in Brazil. We found that C. asturius is more likely to be found under rocks that cover larger areas of substrate. Our results also suggest the existence of territorialism in C. asturius and show that C. asturius adults may be found again on the same rock a week later. Additionally, our data show that C. asturius is present in a greater area of Ilhabela than previously documented.
FOOD COMPOSITION OF SOME LOW ALTITUDE LISSOTRITON MONTANDONI (AMPHIBIA, CAUDATA) POPULATIONS FROM NORTH-WESTERN ROMANIA

The diet of some populations of Lissotriton montandoni from north-western Romania is composed of prey belonging to 20 categories. The food components of the Carpathian newts are similar to those of other species of newts. Most of the prey are aquatic animals, but terrestrial prey also has a high percentage abundance. The consumed prey categories are common in the newts' habitats as well, but in natural ponds the prey item with the highest abundance in the diet is not the most frequent one in the habitat. Thus, although the Carpathian newts are basically opportunistic predators, they still display a certain trophic selectivity.
Prevalence of Pterygium and Outcome of Pterygium Surgery in Hilly Western Nepal: A Hospital based Study

Introduction : Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for pterygium; however, prevention of recurrence is a challenge. Several techniques have been tried to reduce the fibro-vascular activity aiming to reduce rate of recurrence such as B-irradiation, conjunctival and limbal auto-grafting, anti-mitotic drugs, and amniotic membrane transplantation. This study reports the magnitude of the disease in a hilly region of western Nepal and outcome of excision and conjunctival autografting for pterygium surgery. Methods: A prospective study was done from 1st July 2015 to 31 st December 2016 in which all patients with primary pterygium presented to Palpa Lions Lacoul Eye Hospital from 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016 were treated and followed up for next six months. Patients were treated medically or surgically as indicated. Data on age, sex, visual acuity, extent of disease, treatment modality, complications, and outcome were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, and Anova tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 18,960 patients in total attending hospital for various conditions among which 290 (1.53%) had pterygium. There were 186 (64.1%) female and 104 (35.9%) male and this difference was significant ( p <0.001). The mean age was 47.42 yrs ( SD =14.23) with age ranging from 20 to 80 years. Right eye was affected more (43.1%) than left eye (33.1%); remaining 23.8% had bilateral disease. Grade-1 disease occurred in younger age compared to Grade-2 and Grade-3 disease. All grade-1 patients were managed medically; grade-2 and grade-3 patients were equally likely to be managed medically or surgically. There were no major intra or post-operative complications. Minor post-operative complications noted were subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal scarring, suture gaping, and conjunctival cyst among others. Conclusion: Despite much advanced techniques in pterygium surgery, pterygium excision combined with conjunctival autograft is found to be a safe and effective method for treating pterygium in developing world. Journal of Lumbini medical College Vol 5, No 1, Jan-June 2017, page: 18-22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v5i1. 120
Testing long-run monetary neutrality in Malaysia: Revisiting divisia money

This study re-examines the long-run neutrality (LRN) of money on real output in Malaysia using quarterly Divisia money data from 1981:1 to 2004:4 based on Fisher and Seater’s (1993) nonstructural reduced form bivariate ARIMA model. Special attention has been given in identifying the number of unit root and cointegrating vector, as a meaningful LRN test is critically depends on such properties. Empirical results indicate that LRN is deviated from Malaysian economy when Divisia money is used. In particular, Divisia monetary expansion seems to have long-run positive effect on real output in Malaysia.
NPD accounting: unveiling the potential through pragmatic constructivism

This paper examines the potential value of accounting for the NPD managers and argues that accounting information could play a more versatile role in supporting managerial work in NPD that has been reported. Besides providing facts, accounting may help managers identify their possibilities and communicate their values and valuations, which is to benefit the aims of product development process. The paper draws from the idea that the roles of accounting vary under different types of uncertainties present in NPD processes. Especially, other roles than that of an “answer machine” are favored. To investigate this, the approach of pragmatic constructivism is employed, i.e., we analyze NPD accounting through facts, possibilities, values and communication related to NPD management. Empirically, the paper is based on 28 interviewees in 10 companies with significant NPD activities to explore the roles of NPD accounting and compare the potential value of accounting to the accounting employment of the examined companies. From the perspective of pragmatic constructivism, the role of accounting should be clearly related to the analyses and communication of the possibilities and their values (ammunition device, learning device and rationalization device). If this was the case, accounting would be able to serve as an integrative device, which helps to identify (construct) causalities. However, the actual role given to accounting and identified by the managers is that of the provider of the seemingly objective economic facts (answer machine). Besides, the paper reports some best practices, where the managers either have started to actively identify learning opportunities from past projects through accounting information (“a learning theory of truth”) or used accounting information from multiple viewpoints to systematically analyze and value the existing possibilities (“systematic construction of models”). Pragmatic constructivism provides a solid starting point for identifying the gaps in the management practice that could be fulfilled by accounting employment. Moreover, with the central concepts of the approach, potentially more valuable accounting roles could also be analytically constructed and communicated to the practitioners. Besides addressing the gap between the potential and actual roles of NPD accounting, the paper represents the few attempts to elaborate the accounting roles in systematic decision-making through pragmatic constructivism. Thus, the paper reflects more explicitly also upon seminal work on the roles of accounting in managerial decisions.
Professional Development in Sport Psychology: Relating Learning Experiences to Learning Outcomes

To enhance the training of sport psychology consultants, it is important to know which learning experiences are useful for which components of professional development. We interviewed 15 novice consultants on their learning experiences related to 13 different topics. Traditional learning experiences (e.g., courses, teachers) were related to the development of practical know-how. Learning from others (e.g., peers, colleagues) was related to professional development (i.e., dealing with issues, challenges, and dilemmas that occur in sport psychology practice). Practical experience and reflective activities were related to both know-how and professional development. These results can be used to shape effective sport psychology education.
0 60 20 44 v 3 2 9 Ju n 20 06 d-dimensional generalization of the point canonical transformation for a quantum particle with position-dependent mass

The d-dimensional generalization of the point canonical transformation for a quantum particle endowed with a position-dependent mass in Schrödinger equation is described. Illustrative examples including; the harmonic oscillator, Coulomb, spiked harmonic, Kratzer, Morse oscillator, Pőschl-Teller and Hulthén potentials are used as reference potentials to obtain exact energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for target potentials at different position-dependent mass settings. PACS numbers: 03.65. Ge, 03.65. Fd,03.65. Ca
Editing-Based SQL Query Generation for Cross-Domain Context-Dependent Questions

We focus on the cross-domain context-dependent text-to-SQL generation task. Based on the observation that adjacent natural language questions are often linguistically de-pendent and their corresponding SQL queries tend to overlap, we utilize the interaction history by editing the previous predicted query to improve the generation quality. Our editing mechanism views SQL as sequences and reuses generation results at the token level in a simple manner. It is ﬂexible to change individual tokens and robust to error propagation. Furthermore, to deal with complex table structures in different domains, we employ an utterance-table encoder and a table-aware decoder to incorporate the context of the user utterance and the table schema. We evaluate our approach on the SParC dataset and demonstrate the beneﬁt of editing compared with the state-of-the-art baselines which generate SQL from scratch. Our code is available at https://github.com/ ryanzhumich/sparc_atis_pytorch .
Liddle, Luke and Monaghan, Christopher and Burleigh, Mia C. and McIlvenna, Luke C. and Muggeridge, David J. and Easton, Chris (2018) Changes in body posture alter plasma nitrite but not nitrate

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Genetic diversity of maize genotypes on the basis of morpho-physiological and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

In this investigation, an attempt was made to assess the genetic diversity among 91 maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes using morpho-physiological and molecular markers. Variability was observed for six morpho-physiological traits namely, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, canopy temperature, plant height, yield per plant, fodder yield and plant biomass as well as with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. All the amplification products with 40 SSRs were in the range of 58 to 410 bp. A total of 124 alleles were generated and the number of alleles scored for 40 SSR loci ranged from 2 to 5 with a mean of 3.1 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.054 to 0.82 with a mean of 0.55 suggesting that all the selected genotypes possessed high level of polymorphism. The study indicates that five genotypes, RJR-247, RJR-159, NSJ-179, RJR-55 and Z101-15 were most diverse, so it is suggested that they may be used as genetic resources for maize improvement programme in future quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for different agronomic traits and for developing new varieties with adaptation to a broad range of environments. Key words : Maize, SSR markers, genetic diversity, dendrogram.
Patterns of bronchial challenge testing in Canada

Background Bronchial challenge testing (BCT) measures airway hyperresponsiveness; asthma guidelines recommend using BCT when symptoms manifest despite normal spirometry. Improper application of these guidelines commonly results in the misdiagnosis of asthma. Yet, statistics concerning BCT remain largely obscure. The current paper addresses this gap and explores how various health variables may elucidate adherence to asthma guidelines and patterns of BCT across Canadian provinces. Methods Using the Access to Information Act, medical financial claims for BCT (or equivalent procedures) were requested from each of the Canadian provinces and territories. Based on the available information (from provinces only), correlations between frequency of BCT claims and medical demographics (e.g., prevalence of respirologists, health expenditures) are reported. Results Controlling for population or for people with asthma, physicians from Québec claim four times more BCT per year than those in other provinces; physicians from Alberta close to eight-fold fewer. The number of respirologists per capita and BCT per capita correlated moderately, r(132) = 0.582, p < 0.001, [95% CI 0.421, 0.716]. Excluding “outliers” (i.e., British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan) greatly strengthened this correlation, r(87) = 0.930, p < 0.001, [95% CI 0.883, 0.958]. Discussion These findings demonstrate that provinces vary in their use of BCT. This result seems to stem, at least in part, from differences in the prevalence of respirologists. Interestingly, geographic region appears to wield a strong influence; in the correlation between number of tests and number of respirologists, physicians from Western provinces (i.e., Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia) administered fewer tests than their Eastern colleagues. Given the association between inadequate application of BCT and misdiagnosis of asthma, physicians should pay special attention to the Canadian guidelines when considering an asthma diagnosis.
GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS FOR SEMIPARAMETRIC MODELS WITH MULTIPLE EVENT-TIME DATA

A counting process approach to multiple event times modeled by an Andersen-Gill-type extension of the Cox proportional hazards regression model is considered. Tests for checking the validity of such a model against a general frailty model are proposed. These tests are derived from a class of statistics that are con- nected to Robbins' empirical Bayes estimation of Poisson means. We show that these tests are consistent against any alternative as specified by a nondegenerate frailty. A simple graphical method is introduced to visually check the appropriate- ness of model assumptions. Simulation studies are reported and a real life example is presented. A similar test for checking the gamma frailty assumption is also introduced.
Primary School Teachers ’ Perceptions of School Aims and Principals ’ Tasks

The purpose of the study is to determine teachers’ perceptions of the aims of primary schools and the tasks of principals. The study was conducted in Burdur in 2006-2007 academic year and it is qualitative in nature. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire format. The sample population contains 135 teachers. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and chi-square tests. The findings revealed that teachers perceive of the aims of the school more comprehensive than the aims included in the framework imposed by the regulations; and, as the most important task, they expect the school principal to carry the school to the highest possible achievement in all fields of education. The level of the academic achievement of the school where the teachers work and their branch are not found to be influential on the teachers’ perception of the aims of the school and duties of the principal that are performed and those expected to be performed.
Open Strategy-Making at the Wikimedia Foundation: A Dialogic Perspective

Dialogue is essential to open strategy processes, yet these processes have not been researched from a dialogic perspective. We therefore ask the question: What is the role of dialogue in open strategy processes? Our study of the development of Wikimedia’s 5-year strategy plan through an open strategy process reveals the endemic nature of tensions occasioned by the intersection of dialogue as an emergent, nonhierarchical practice, and strategy, as a practice that requires direction, focus, and alignment. Furthermore, our study suggests that context matters to both dialogic and open strategy processes and challenges universalist features of dialogue. Specifically, dialogic organization development and large group interventions perspectives can offer useful lenses to incorporate contextual features. Finally, our implications for practice suggest that particular organizing principles of open strategy processes can foster a healthy dialogic process in terms of enabling ongoing, diverse, and substantive interactions and inputs by stakeholders.
Molecular identification of types TEM, SHV and CTX extended-spectrum-β-lactamase of escherichia coli, edwardsiell and erwinia spp. Isolated from feces of carriers

1 Mohammad Taghi Akhi1,2, Peyman Gholmohammadi1,2, Reza Ghotaslu2, Javid Sadeghi2, Behrooz Naghili1, Aydin Akhi3, Somayeh Shiralizadeh2 1Research Center of İnfectious and Tropical Disease, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran Molecular Identification Molecular identification of types TEM, SHV and CTX extended-spectrum-β-lactamase of escherichia coli, edwardsiell and erwinia spp. Isolated from feces of carriers
DOES IFRS INFLUENCE EARNINGS MANAGEMENT? EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

The issue of earnings management has always been an anxiety for the reliability of published accounting reports. Previous studies have shown that accounting standards add value to accounting information in the developed economy. However, it is uncertain whether such benefits also apply to developing or emerging economies. In spite of the fact that authors classified India as one of the countries that engage in the highest levels of earnings management in the world, there were very few studies on earnings management in India with no inferences on influences of accounting standards on earning management. It is still an open question as to whether the adoption of international standards improves the quality of accounting information, thereby reducing the level of earnings management. With this background, the emerging market in India provides a unique opportunity to examine whether the firms in India, adopting international standards, is associated with reduced level of earnings management and thus have better reported earnings than non adapting firms, which is the objective of this study. For the purpose of analysis, regression model is used by taking ‘IFRS adoption’ as independent variable and ‘opportunistic earnings management’ as dependent variable. The sample size is 100 large Indian companies and the earnings quality is measured by the modified Jones model. Our results contradict most of the previous findings based on developed countries by indicating that firms adopting International Standards are more likely to smooth earnings compared to non-adopting firms. These findings could prompt the regulators to think about the effectiveness of IFRS in reducing opportunistic earnings management in an emerging economy, like India. It is especially relevant in Indian context now when the Indian accounting standards are undergoing substantial changes with the convergence of IFRS in a phased manner.