Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lagging-Domain Model for Compensation of Hysteresis of xMR Sensors in Positioning Applications

The hysteresis of magnetoresistive sensors remains a considerable cause of inaccuracy of positioning applications. The phenomena itself has been well studied and described by different physical and phenomenological models. Various biasing techniques have been proposed. However, the increased fabrication and computational price they require is undesirable. In this paper, a computational algorithm for the compensation of hysteresis of linear and rotary encoders is proposed. A lagging-domain model based on play operators is presented for prediction of hysteresis. The outlined procedure for the calibration of parameters allows the use of the algorithm for various types of encoders without knowing their exact material properties. The method was tested on different anisotropic magnetoresistive and tunneling magnetoresistive sensors. Results show that the impact of hysteresis was reduced by up to 90% without a significant increase of computational time or production costs.
160-190-GHz monolithic low-noise amplifiers

The authors present the results of two 160-190-GHz monolithic low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) fabricated with 0.07-μm pseudomorphic (PM) InAlAs-InGaAs-InP HEMT technology using a reactive ion etch (RIE) via hole process. A peak small signal gain of 9 dB was measured at 188 GHz for the first LNA with a 3 dB bandwidth from 164 to 192 GHz while the second LNA has achieved over 6 dB gain from 142 to 180 GHz. The same design (second LNA) was also fabricated with a 0.08-μm gate and a wet etch process, showing a small-signal gain of 6 dB with 6 dB noise figure. All the measurement results were obtained via on-wafer probing. The LNA noise measurement at 170 GHz is also the first attempt at this frequency.
An Inductance-Capacitance Oscillator of Unusual Frequency Stability

An L-C oscillator having unusual frequency stability is described and briefly analyzed. The circuit is similar to the familiar Colpitts, with an L-C series circuit replacing the inductor. Such a circuit has been used as a piezoelectric oscillator, with the quartz crystal replacing the L-C series circuit, but the circuit does not seem to have been previously described as an L-C oscillator.
Radiation Measurements at Radio Frequencies: A Survey of Current Techniques

A survey is given of techniques used in the measurement of radiation fields at radio frequencies. These measurements are divided into three broad classifications dealing with fundamental studies of electromagnetic waves, antenna design, and antenna performance. These classifications in turn include diffraction, scattering, transmission and reflection, current distribution, aperture fields, radiation patterns, and gain.
CrossTalk opposing view: mucosal acidification does not drive early progressive lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Whether airway mucosal acidification drives early progressive lung disease is controversial. Our argument that other factors are more important in the early pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease is supported by unique data obtained from very young children with cystic fibrosis and age-matched controls. So, what of the counter view? Data from a newborn porcine model suggest that airway mucosal pH is low in cystic fibrosis piglets (Pezzulo et al. 2012). The authors argue that the pathogenic link between low airway surface liquid pH and the development of cystic fibrosis lung disease is through defective innate immune responses of the airway epithelium. They showed that airway surface liquid from newborn wild-type pigs rapidly kills bacteria in vivo. In transgenic cystic fibrosis piglets, Pizzulo and colleagues found that the airway surface liquid pH was more acidic than in wild-type pigs and that antimicrobial activity was inhibited. Finally, increasing the pH rescued bacterial killing in the cystic fibrosis piglets.
Development of a User-Adaptable Human Fall Detection Based on Fall Risk Levels Using Depth Sensor

Unintentional falls are a major public health concern for many communities, especially with aging populations. There are various approaches used to classify human activities for fall detection. Related studies have employed wearable, non-invasive sensors, video cameras and depth sensor-based approaches to develop such monitoring systems. The proposed approach in this study uses a depth sensor and employs a unique procedure which identifies the fall risk levels to adapt the algorithm for different people with their physical strength to withstand falls. The inclusion of the fall risk level identification, further enhanced and improved the accuracy of the fall detection. The experimental results showed promising performance in adapting the algorithm for people with different fall risk levels for fall detection.
Microdialysis Study of Aztreonam-Avibactam Distribution in Peritoneal Fluid and Muscle of Rats with or without Experimental Peritonitis

The purpose of this study was to investigate aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle interstitial fluid by microdialysis in rats, with or without peritonitis, and to compare the unbound concentrations in tissue with the unbound concentrations in blood. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular veins, hind leg muscles, and peritoneal cavities of control rats (n = 5) and rats with intra-abdominal sepsis (n = 9) induced by cecal ligation and punctures. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle interstitial fluid by microdialysis in rats, with or without peritonitis, and to compare the unbound concentrations in tissue with the unbound concentrations in blood. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular veins, hind leg muscles, and peritoneal cavities of control rats (n = 5) and rats with intra-abdominal sepsis (n = 9) induced by cecal ligation and punctures. ATM and AVI probe recoveries in each medium were determined for both molecules in each rat by retrodialysis by drug. ATM-AVI combination was administered as an intravenous bolus at a dose of 100-25 mg · kg−1. Microdialysis samples were collected over 120 min, and ATM-AVI concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted and nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons between groups (infected versus control) and medium. ATM and AVI distribution in intraperitoneal fluid and muscle was rapid and complete both in control rats and in rats with peritonitis, and the concentration profiles in blood, intraperitoneal fluid, and muscle were virtually superimposed, in control and infected animals, both for ATM and AVI. No statistically significant difference was observed between unbound tissue extracellular fluid and systemic areas under the curve for both molecules in control and infected animals. In the present study, intraperitoneal infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture had no apparent effect on ATM and AVI pharmacokinetics in rats.
Multifunctional Nanocomposite Films for Synergistic Delivery of bFGF and BMP-2

The development of novel materials capable of delivering multiple growth factors is urgent and essential for rapid and effective tissue regeneration. In this study, a kind of composite film composed of poly-l-lysine (PLL), heparin (Hep), and Au nanoparitcles (Au nps) has been fabricated to deliver the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) simultaneously. The films have been found to show enhanced mechanical property due to the incorporation of Au nps. They have also shown good anticoagulation activity with long activated partial thromboplastin time because of the contribution of Hep molecules. Moreover, the osteogenesis studies reveal that the loaded bFGF and BMP-2 in the composite films have a synergistic differentiation effect on mesenchymal stem cells, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and collagen type I (Col-I) gene expression. In contrast to the (PLL/Hep)6/BMP-2/(PLL/Au nps)6/(PLL/Hep)6 and (PLL/Hep)6/(PLL/Au nps)6/(PLL/Hep)6/bFGF films, the (PLL/Hep)6/BMP-2/(PLL/Au nps)6/(PLL/Hep)6/bFGF films have shown higher ALP activity and higher Col-I expression level. Therefore, the developed multifunctional films could be potentially used as osteoinductive coatings of biomaterials. Particularly, this simple and convenient strategy provides an effective approach for the immobilization of multiple growth factors, which may be extended to other bioactive systems for the development of novel multifunctional bioactive surfaces.
Assessing population changes of historically overexploited black corals (Order: Antipatharia) in Cozumel, Mexico

Black corals (Antipatharians) are crucial structural and ecological components of many mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; reefs 30–150 m depth). In Mexico, black corals are harvested for the jewellery industry, which has historically led to population depletion. Harvesting began in the early 1960s and was concentrated around Cozumel Island until 1995. Since then, harvesting permits have been granted only for the mainland coast. Here we compare Cozumel populations between 1998 and 2016 for the two black coral species targeted by the jewellery industry. We found that densities of Plumapathes pennacea in 2016 were substantially lower than in 1998. However, the 2016 P. pennacea population has shifted to be dominated by larger colonies, suggesting disproportionate juvenile mortality or recruitment failure. Low numbers of Antipathes caribbeana were recorded, and no change in population density or colony size was detected between 1998 and 2016. Despite harvesting occurring for almost 70 years in the Mexican Caribbean, no information on reproduction, recruitment and other dynamics of the targeted species is available. We advocate for harvesting permits to be based on scientific evidence, and for implementation of future restrictions to prevent total depletion of black corals in the area.
The Ionosphere, Skip Distances of Radio Waves, and the Propagation of Microwaves

A detailed description of the ionosphere is given based on the recent measurements of the National Bureau of Standards and the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution. From the ionosphere data the skip distances of radio waves are calculated for temperature and tropical zones, with the diurnal and seasonal changes. The values agree with the observed values as far as they are known. It is concluded that daylight short-wave communication is controlled by the E region in summer and by the F2region in winter. Theory indicates that the observed bending of microwaves over the horizon, and hence the successful microray communication to a distance of 200 kilometers, is due to diffraction of the microwaves over the bulge of the earth and to temperature gradients in the lower atmosphere.
Least-squares estimation: from Gauss to Kalman

This discussion is directed to least-squares estimation theory, from its inception by Gauss1 to its modern form, as developed by Kalman.2 To aid in furnishing the desired perspective, the contributions and insights provided by Gauss are described and related to developments that have appeared more recently (that is, in the 20th century). In the author's opinion, it is enlightening to consider just how far (or how little) we have advanced since the initial developments and to recognize the truth in the saying that we ``stand on the shoulders of giants. ''
Structural Determinants of the Dictyostatin Chemotype for Tubulin Binding Affinity and Antitumor Activity Against Taxane- and Epothilone-Resistant Cancer Cells

A combined biochemical, structural, and cell biology characterization of dictyostatin is described, which enables an improved understanding of the structural determinants responsible for the high-affinity binding of this anticancer agent to the taxane site in microtubules (MTs). The study reveals that this macrolide is highly optimized for MT binding and that only a few of the structural modifications featured in a library of synthetic analogues resulted in small gains in binding affinity. The high efficiency of the dictyostatin chemotype in overcoming various kinds of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms highlights its potential for therapeutic development for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. A structural explanation is advanced to account for the synergy observed between dictyostatin and taxanes on the basis of their differential effects on the MT lattice. The X-ray crystal structure of a tubulin–dictyostatin complex and additional molecular modeling have allowed the rationalization of the structure–activity relationships for a set of synthetic dictyostatin analogues, including the highly active hybrid 12 with discodermolide. Altogether, the work reported here is anticipated to facilitate the improved design and synthesis of more efficacious dictyostatin analogues and hybrids with other MT-stabilizing agents.
PRP-19, a conserved pre-mRNA processing factor and E3 ubiquitin ligase, inhibits the nuclear accumulation of GLP-1/Notch intracellular domain

ABSTRACT The Notch signalling pathway is a conserved and widespread signalling paradigm, and its misregulation has been implicated in numerous disorders, including cancer. The output of Notch signalling depends on the nuclear accumulation of the Notch receptor intracellular domain (ICD). Using the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, where GLP-1/Notch-mediated signalling is essential for maintaining stem cells, we monitored GLP-1 in vivo. We found that the nuclear enrichment of GLP-1 ICD is dynamic: while the ICD is enriched in germ cell nuclei during larval development, it is depleted from the nuclei in adult germlines. We found that this pattern depends on the ubiquitin proteolytic system and the splicing machinery and, identified the splicing factor PRP-19 as a candidate E3 ubiquitin ligase required for the nuclear depletion of GLP-1 ICD. Summary: GFP tagging of endogenous GLP-1/Notch revealed life stage-specific differences in the nuclear accumulation of GLP-1 intracellular domain, which are mediated by the ubiquitin-proteolytic system and the splicing factor/E3 ubiquitin ligase PRP-19.
The duobinary technique for high-speed data transmission

A new data transmission technique has been evolved, which has the speed capability of the quaternary systems and, at the same time, promising performance. An important advantage of this technique is that the amount of circuitry required and the degree of complexity are relatively low, being not much more than for a straight binary system and much less than for a typical quaternary system. The process is sufficiently general so that it is applicable to serial transmission over wire lines and parallel transmission over high-frequency radio circuits.
Circuit Breaker Recovery Voltages Magnitudes and Rates of Rise

This paper shows the conditions affecting the magnitude and rate of rise of recovery voltage at the terminals of an oil circuit breaker upon interruption of a short circuit, and explains their effect in quantitative terms. Factors are presented whose numerical value takes into account the number of phases involved in the short circuit and the ground connections of short circuit and generator, the decrement of short-circuit current previous to interruption, and the effect of unequal reactances in the direct and quadrature axes of synchronous machines. It is also indicated how to take into account the effect of displacement and of initial load current, and the effect of saturation is discussed very briefly. Magnetic oscillograms are presented which verify the most important of the points brought out. The most common locations and a rough idea of the magnitude of the capacitances affecting the rate of rise of recovery voltage for various types of short circuit are indicated. Calculations of the recovery voltage curve for several representative cases, at both low and high voltages, are presented, and in some cases cathode ray oscillograms are presented for comparison with the calculated curves. While no systematic data appear to be available at present regarding the effect of the rate of recovery voltage rise upon circuit breaker operation, several tests showing a very pronounced effect, some of them made by the authors and some by others, are reported briefly.
Graphical determination of magnetic fields: Practical applications to salient-pole synchronous machine design

There are three methods of obtaining the flux distribution in a magnetic field. First: By test. Templates or models can be made of the field to be explored and the flux distribution can be obtained by test as described in a companion paper “Graphical Determination of Magnetic Fields — Comparison of Calculations and Tests” by Messrs. E. E. Johnson and C. H. Green. Second: By mathematical analysis. This method is accurate and consistent results can be obtained. If the problem is very complicated, however, the mathematical solution is very laborious and sometimes impossible. Third: By the graphical method. This method is quite accurate and it can be used for design calculations. It is comparatively easy and it is the quickest method of the three. The graphical method of plotting magnetic fields used in this paper is described in a companion paper, “Graphical Determination of Magnetic Fields — Theoretical Considerations” by Messrs. A. R. Stevenson, Jr. and R. H. Park. This paper shows how the graphical flux plots can be used very successfully in design calculations. In fact, the performance characteristic of a salient-pole synchronous machine can not be predetermined accurately without the use of flux distribution coefficients.
Using trunk posture to monitor heat strain at work

Abstract This study aimed to determine if trunk posture during walking is related to increases in rectal temperature (Tre). 24 males treadmill walked in one of four conditions (1): 30 min at 3.0 mph and 0% grade, 20 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH), wearing healthcare worker (HCW) PPE; (2): 30 min at 3.0 mph and 0% grade, 27.5 °C and 60% RH, HCW PPE; (3): 30 min at 3.0 mph and 0% grade, 32.5 °C and 70% RH, HCW PPE; and (4): 40 min at 40% VO2max, 30 °C and 70% RH, wearing firefighter PPE. Trunk posture (Zephyr BioHarness 3) and Tre were measured continuously. Tre was positively related to trunk posture, controlling for covariates (B = 3.49, p < .001). BMI and age moderated this relationship (Tre×age, B = 0.76, p < .001; Tre*BMI, B = −1.85, p < .001). Trunk posture measurement may be useful in monitoring fall potential and magnitude of heat stress of workers in hot environments. Practitioner Summary: Occupational hyperthermia increases worker risk for heat illness and injury but is difficult to monitor in the field. This investigation shows that trunk posture is independently and positively related to core temperature. Non-invasive measurement or visual inspection of trunk posture could provide novel insight on individual heat strain level.
Linear Diversity Combining Techniques

This paper provides analyses of three types of diversity combining systems in practical use. These are: selection diversity, maximal-ratio diversity, and equal-gain diversity systems. Quantitative measures of the relative performance (under realistic conditions) of the three systems are provided. The effects of various departures from ideal conditions, such as non-Rayleigh fading and partially coherent signal or noise voltages, are considered. Some discussion is also included of the relative merits of predetection and postdetection combining and of the problems in determining and using long-term distributions. The principal results are given in graphs and tables, useful in system design. It is seen that the simplest possible combiner, the equal-gain system, will generally yield performance essentially equivalent to the maximum obtainable from any quasi-linear system. The principal application of the results is to diversity communication systems and the discussion is set in that context, but many of the results are also applicable to certain radar and navigation systems.
Technology's Great Need: Information Retrieval

Early man's first limitation was language; with the invention of writing, he became literacy-limited; with printing, he eventually became literature-limited as the amount of knowledge grew beyond his capacity to keep up with it. Now he can work his way out of the masses of paper that beset him only if he does not become information-retrieval-limited. Our conventional indexing tools are already overloaded, however, and we must provide new means if we are to avoid this final limitation, which eventually would make it more profitable to take a chance on duplicating research effort than to search existing literature. Centralized repositories are one answer, and better communications facilities are another, but only the surface of the problem has thus far been scratched.
Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to Skeletal Muscle Development in Two Rabbit Breeds with Different Growth Rate

Skeletal muscle development plays an important role in muscle quality and yield, which decides the economic value of livestock. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be associated with skeletal muscle development. However, little is revealed about the function of lncRNAs in rabbits’ muscle development. LncRNAs and mRNAs in two rabbit breeds (ZIKA rabbits (ZKR) and Qixin rabbits (QXR)) with different growth rates at three developmental stages (0 day, 35 days, and 84 days after birth) were researched by transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified for two rabbit breeds at the same stages by DESeq package. Co-expression correlation analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were performed to construct lncRNA–mRNA pairs. To explore the function of lncRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of co-expression mRNAs in lncRNA–mRNA pairs were performed. In three comparisons, there were 128, 109, and 115 differentially expressed lncRNAs, respectively. LncRNAs TCONS_00013557 and XR_518424. 2 differentially expressed in the two rabbit breeds might play important roles in skeletal muscle development, for their co-expressed mRNAs were significantly enriched in skeletal muscle development related GO terms. This study provides potentially functional lncRNAs in skeletal muscle development of two rabbit breeds and might be beneficial to the production of rabbits.
The Ionizing Effect of Meteors in Relation to Radio Propagation

From a study of available meteor data it is concluded: (1) that meteors expend the larger part of their energy in the Kennelly-Heaviside regions, that is, in the regions of the upper atmosphere which control the propagation of all long-distance radio waves; (2) that the major portion of a meteor's energy goes into ionization of the gases around its path; (3) that this ionization extends to a considerable distance from the actual path,-in some cases several kilometers or more and lasts for some minutes after the meteor has passed; (4) meteor trains are produced only in the lower Kennelly-Heaviside layer. A table of the various sources of ionization of the upper atmosphere is given with values for each in ergs cm-2sec-1. These include sunlight, moonlight, starlight, cosmic rays, and meteors. During meteoric showers the ionizing effect does not appear to be negligible compared with that due to other ionizing agencies occurring at night. A meteor of one-gram mass or greater will produce, on the above assumptions, sufficient ionization to affect propagation. One explanation of the general turbulent condition of the ionized layers may be provided by the continuous bombardment of meteors.