Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The equilibrium limit of the Casati-Prosen model

The Casati-Prosen model [1] combines two paradigmatic models of classical and quantum mechanics: a Sinai billiard, where the simplest examples of chaotic motion take place and a Young, two slits, experiment, the main example of quantum behavior that it ”. is impossible absolutely impossible to explain in any classical way” [2]. So we really could call this model the ”Sinai-Young” experiment. We consider that the complete understanding of this model is essential to solve problems like quantum irreversibility, decoherence, and chaos. The model is shown in figure 1 (of paper [1]), namely a triangular upper billiard with perfectly reflecting layers, with two slices in its base, on the top of a box, the radiating region, with a photographic film in its base and absorbent walls. A quantum state with a gaussian packet initial condition bounces in the triangle, and produces two centers of radiation in the two slices from which a small amount of probability current leaks from the billiard to the radiating zone. Then when the billiard is perfectly triangular and therefore integrable (full-lines in figure 1 of [1]) the interference fringes (full-lines in figure 2 ) appear in the film and when it is a Sinai billiard and therefore non-integrable (dotted line of fig 1) the first pattern decoheres to the (dotted) curve of figure 2. This computer experiment shows how complexity can produce decoherence (without an environment or an external noise) and it is explained in paper [1] using a kinematical average. As the subject is so important we would like to add another feature to the Casati and Prosen explanation of the phenomenon showing that the model reaches an equilibrium state where decoherence appears. In doing so we will use our previous results on decoherence [3], mainly paper [4], where local constants of the motion are introduced both at the classical and quantum level allowing to define non-integrable quantum systems and to give a minimal definition of quantum chaos, and paper [5], where decoherence times are found. Recently we have shown [6] that our formalism, ”Self Induced Decoherence” (SID) can be encompassed with the traditional one ”Environment Induced Decoherence” (EID) [7], combining the advantages of both formalisms.
Two New Corticolous Buellioid Species from South Korea

Abstract Several buellioid specimens were collected from South Korea during field surveys and two new species are described based on morphology, chemistry, and molecular phylogeny. Buellia boseongensis sp. nov. is similar to B. polyspora but differs in having a UV + orange thallus and cryptolecanorine apothecia. Sculptolumina coreana sp. nov., resembles S. japonica, but differs in having a smooth entire continuous thallus, which reacts K–, a narrower excipulum, thicker epihymenium, narrower subhymenium, and in containing secondary metabolites other than flavo-obscurin and myeloconone. A key to the buellioid lichens reported from Korea is also presented.
Media multitasking and sustained attention

iii Acknowledgements . v List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xi Chapter 1: General Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Media Multitasking and Failures of Attention in Everyday Life . 5 Introduction . 5 Method . 9 Participants. 9 Materials and procedure. 9 Media Use Questionnaire and Media Multitasking Index (MMI). 9 Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale – Lapses Only (MAAS-LO). 10 Attention-Related Cognitive Errors Scale (ARCES). 10 Memory Failures Scale (MFS). 10 Spontaneous (MW-S) and Deliberate (MW-D) Mind Wandering. 11 Attentional Control: Switching (AC-S) and Distractibility (AC-D). 11 Media Multitasking Beliefs Questionnaire (MMBQ). 11 Results . 12
Structural brain signature of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: DTI-based evidence from the LANDSCAPE study

Background: The nonmotor symptom spectrum of Parkinson’s disease (PD) includes progressive cognitive decline mainly in late stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to map the patterns of altered structural connectivity of patients with PD with different cognitive profiles ranging from cognitively unimpaired to PD-associated dementia. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological data from the observational multicentre LANDSCAPE study were analyzed. A total of 134 patients with PD with normal cognitive function (56 PD-N), mild cognitive impairment (67 PD-MCI), and dementia (11 PD-D) as well as 72 healthy controls were subjected to whole-brain-based fractional anisotropy mapping and covariance analysis with cognitive performance measures. Results: Structural data indicated subtle changes in the corpus callosum and thalamic radiation in PD-N, whereas severe white matter impairment was observed in both PD-MCI and PD-D patients including anterior and inferior fronto-occipital, uncinate, insular cortices, superior longitudinal fasciculi, corona radiata, and the body of the corpus callosum. These regional alterations were demonstrated for PD-MCI and were more pronounced in PD-D. The pattern of involved regions was significantly correlated with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) total score. Conclusions: The findings in PD-N suggest impaired cross-hemispherical white matter connectivity that can apparently be compensated for. More pronounced involvement of the corpus callosum as demonstrated for PD-MCI together with affection of fronto-parieto-temporal structural connectivity seems to lead to gradual disruption of cognition-related cortico-cortical networks and to be associated with the onset of overt cognitive deficits. The increase of regional white matter damage appears to be associated with the development of PD-associated dementia.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE COMPONENTS OF A MOBILE BEHAVIOR CHANGE INTERVENTION TO SUPPORT CRITICAL THINKING IN RESEARCH PROJECTS

This paper presents a study which aims to provide an understanding of the impact of using the components of a digital mobile-based behavior change intervention (mBCI) to support critical thinking skills during university student research projects. The digital behavior change interventions are tools and techniques designed to induce behavior change and provide continuous support and tailored advice for willing learners through web and mobile platforms. We investigated the impact and the usability of the designed tools by analyzing self-reflections and the users on the digital mobile-based behavior change intervention components. An instrument was used to examine the differences in the self-perceived improvement of critical thinking between the intervention group and the control group before and after working on real research projects for two months. The results of comparing post surveys for the independent samples showed that the intervention group had a statistically significant perceived improvement in critical thinking than the control group. The findings indicated encouraging and positive feedback on the use of mobile intervention components to promote critical thinking when supervising research projects.
EUV Microscopy: A Unique Approach for Materials Characterization

Understanding of fundamental processes as well as nanostructure performance of nano‐engineered systems, novel materials, and quantum architectures, often requires advanced imaging and spectroscopic tools. This is particularly critical as dimensions shrink below 100 nm as visible light cannot directly probe function at these lengthscales. Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) techniques offer a pathway to both functional characterization and imaging at sub‐50 nm lengthscales, and a host of use cases in materials and nano science have been demonstrated. Progress in terms of source and instrumentation development are assisting the rapid increase in the availability of these approaches in the laboratory.
Demonstration of linewidth measurement based on phase noise analysis for a single frequency fiber laser in the 2 μm band

Linewidth measurement based on phase noise analysis using a 3 × 3 coupler has been applied in the 1550 nm band. One of the obvious advantages of this method compared with the common delayed self-heterodyne method is the low loss caused by the short delay line used. Taking full advantage of this particular characteristic, the linewidth of the single frequency (SF) fiber laser in the 2 μm band can also be measured. However, a specifically experimental demonstration of this method in the 2 μm band is absent to date. In this paper, a high-performance SF thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) was proposed and employed for the demonstration. The TDFL operates at the center wavelength of 1942.03 nm with high stability. By means of the phase noise analysis-based linewidth measurement system with a fiber delay line of only 50 m, the linewidth of the proposed TDFL is successfully measured. When the measuring time is 0.001 s, the linewidth is ~47 kHz. Furthermore, the noise characteristics of the SF laser were simultaneously studied by this method.
RNA Pol II cleavage activity is a major effector of transcription dynamics

After transcription initiation, RNA polymerase II (pol II) undergoes several steps that can influence gene expression, including promoter proximal pausing, transcription elongation, and termination. Promoter proximal pausing occurs after pol II has moved 50100 bp into the gene body and is induced by negative elongation factors that interact with the polymerase. After release from the 5’ pause, the rate of pol II elongation increases as the polymerase moves further from the TSS. Upon reaching the poly(A) site, transcription termination occurs at a position influenced by a kinetic competition between pol II and termination factor Xrn2. The mechanisms that influence the release of 5’ paused pol II and subsequent elongation rates within gene bodies and downstream of poly(A) sites are poorly understood, but one potential rate-limiting event is pol II backtracking. Pol II backtracking can occur when the polymerase mis-incorporates a base or encounters a roadblock that causes the polymerase to move backwards, dislodging the nascent RNA 3’ end from the active site. To rescue backtracked pol II, the transcription factor TFIIS stimulates the RNA endonuclease activity of the polymerase, which cleaves the nascent RNA to generate a new correctly positioned 3’ end. To investigate the importance of pol II cleavage activity in the transcription cycle, I used a dominant negative TFIIS mutant (TFIISDN) that inhibits this cleavage activity. Using this mutant, I mapped individual pol II pause and backtrack sites and find that these events occur throughout
Subcutaneous bortezomib might be standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Administration of subcutaneous (SC) bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has increased in recent years. Yet, it is unclear whether there is sufficient evidence to support the use of SC bortezomib as a standard of care. Methods: A systematic review of 4 randomized controlled trials and 8 retrospective trials comparing SC to intravenous (IV) bortezomib among 1,857 MM patients was performed. Embase, PubMed, Clinical Trials.gov, Cochrane Library and reference lists were searched for relevant studies from inception until August 2018. Outcomes of interest included 1-year overall survival (OS), 1-year progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs). Random events meta-analyses were performed. We also performed sensitivity analysis to examine whether the results of the meta-analysis were robust. Results: Compared to IV administration, SC bortezomib had a significantly lower incidence of some all-grade or grade 3–4 AE, such as peripheral sensory neuropathy, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in 1-year OS, 1-year PFS, ORR between SC and IV bortezomib (p>0.05). Conclusion: The data presented so far consistently show that SC bortezomib has become a standard of care for patients with MM.
Genetic Differentiation of Artemia Parthenogenetica from Various Ecological Population of Iran

This study examined a mitochondrial molecular genetic marker in a small filter feeding organism, Artemia parthenogenetica, inhabiting hypersaline water from seven lakes located in different part of Iran: Shoor and Inche-Borun lakes in Golestan province, Hoze-Soltan and Namak lakes in Qom province, Maharloo and Bakhteghan lakes in Fars province and Arak's Mighan pool in Markazi province. A total of 210 individual specimens were collected and DNA extracted by phenol-chloroform method. The mitochondrial rDNA gene region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by RFLP analysis based on using 10 restriction endonuclease (Alu I, EcoR I, Eco47 I, Hae III, Hind III, Hinf I, Mbo I, Msp I, Rsa I, TaqI). Analysis at the interpopulation level indicated that the haplotype diversity value was higher in Maharloo additionally nucleotide diversity values was higher for Mighan. Analysis at the intrapopulation level also indicated to higher nucleotide diversity value for combination of Maharloo with Inche-Borun and Shoor. Our results clearly distinguished nucleotide divergence and genetic structuring patterns, suggest that may be genetic differentiation existed in A. parthenogenetica populations from Iran. Pairwise comparisons of the samples showed that the higher nucleotide divergence value belong to Inche-Borun and Shoor with Mighan. The test for population differentiation indicated significant population differentiation that may be important in understanding the ecology of this commercially important organism. Keywords—Artemia parthenogenetica, genetic differentiation, mtDNA, PCR, RFLP, Iran.
End-to-end performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM based wireless transceivers in the presence of hardware impairments

Wireless communication systems based on multi-antenna multi-carrier modulation techniques such as multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) have become the state-of-art method for a broadband data transfer. However, it is still not enough as a standalone to satisfy the ever increasing demand for high data rate transmission. To fulfill this demand, new features such as carrier aggregation (CA) and advanced multi-antenna techniques have been proposed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). On exploiting the advantages of OFDM with CA and advanced multi-antenna techniques, the efficiency of the cellular networks can be significantly improved. However, OFDM signal suffers from high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) problem, and high power amplifiers (HPAs) induce nonlinear distortions to such a high PAPR signal. Furthermore, another hardware impairment, i.e., phase noise caused by non-ideal oscillators significantly degrades the efficiency and performance of the system. These impairments severely limit the gains provided by the OFDM-based systems as compared to the linear systems. Hence, it is imperative to take into account the impact of nonlinear HPA and non-ideal oscillator while evaluating the performance of the OFDM-based systems. As a consequence, this dissertation is mainly focused on analyzing the performance of OFDM based CA and multi-user (MU) MIMO systems in the presence of hardware impairments. The first part of this dissertation analyzes the impact of nonlinear HPA on multi-band CA-MIMO-OFDM system. The nonlinear behavior of the HPA is modeled by a multi-band generalized memory polynomial (MB-GMP) model. It is shown that the received symbol after down-conversion can be canonically decomposed into complex attenuation factor and additive nonlinear noise. The generalized mathematical expressions of complex attenuation factor and variance of nonlinear noise for any number of aggregated bands with any nonlinearity order and any memory depth of HPA are derived. From the derived expressions, an analytical methodology is proposed to obtain the received signal-to-distortion-plus-noise ratio (SDNR), symbol error rate (SER) and error vector magnitude (EVM) of the nonlinear multi-band CA-
Étude par traçage neuronal unitaire de la voie corticosubthalamique hyperdirecte chez le singe

IV TABLE DES MATIERES . V LISTE DES FIGURES . VIII LISTE DES TABLEAUX . IX LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS . X DEDICACE ET EPIGRAPHE . XII REMERCIEMENTS . XIII AVANT-PROPOS . XV
De novo transcriptome analysis of gene responses to pest feeding in leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

The aim of the present study was to investigate the transcriptomic differences between Panax ginseng [Renshen (RS)] plants bitten by pests (n=3, test group; samples defined as RS11-13) or not (n=3, control group; samples defined as RS1-3) using de novo RNA sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. A total of 51,097,386 (99.6%), 49,310,564 (99.5%), 59,192,372 (99.6%), 60,338,540 (99.5%), 56,976,410 (99.6%) and 54,226,588 (99.6%) clean reads were obtained for RS11, RS12, RS13, RS1, RS2 and RS3, respectively. De novo assembly generated 370,267 unigenes, 927 of which were differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 782 significantly upregulated and 145 significantly downregulated genes. Function enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were located in 28 significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (for example, TRINITY_DN30766_c0_g2_i1, encoding peroxidase 20) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling (TRINITY_DN85589_c0_g1_i1, encoding WRKY transcription factor 75). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified modules including TRINITY_DN85589_c0_g1_i1, TRINITY_DN58279_c0_g1_i1 [encoding aspartyl protease (AP)] and TRINITY_DN74866_c0_g2_i1 [encoding 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR)] that may be the most significantly associated with pest responses. In this module, TRINITY_DN85589_c0_g1_i1 may co-express with TRINITY_DN58279_c0_g1_i1 or TRINITY_DN74866_c0_g2_i1. WRYK and AP have been suggested to promote the activity of antioxidant peroxidase. Collectively, the findings from the present study suggested that a MAPK-WRKY-OPR/AP-peroxidase signaling pathway may be a potentially important mechanism underlying defense responses against pests in ginseng plants.
Distributed optimisation with restricted exchanges of information: charging of an electric vehicle fleet

The multiplication of flexible loads into electrical power systems allows to develop distributed optimisation techniques. The goal is to achieve the best compromise between the individual objectives of each load and the general interest which could be for instance the safety of the grid or the efficiency of the power generation. However the algorithms of distributed optimisation mostly rely on an iterated exchange of information, such as the dual variable and the decision of each agent. This exchange therefore supposes a bidirectional communication which cannot be considered as granted in operational contexts. This paper investigates the utilisation of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers under restricted exchanges of information. The case study consists in an electric vehicle fleet which has to comply with a maximum power limit. It is established that a close to optimal behaviour can be achieved using frequent broadcast messages instead of duplex communication.
Critical Analysis of the Commercial Potential of Plants for the Production of Recombinant Proteins

Over the last three decades, the expression of recombinant proteins in plants and plant cells has been promoted as an alternative cost-effective production platform. However, the market is still dominated by prokaryotic and mammalian expression systems, the former offering high production capacity at a low cost, and the latter favored for the production of complex biopharmaceutical products. Although plant systems are now gaining widespread acceptance as a platform for the larger-scale production of recombinant proteins, there is still resistance to commercial uptake. This partly reflects the relatively low yields achieved in plants, as well as inconsistent product quality and difficulties with larger-scale downstream processing. Furthermore, there are only a few cases in which plants have demonstrated economic advantages compared to established and approved commercial processes, so industry is reluctant to switch to plant-based production. Nevertheless, some plant-derived proteins for research or cosmetic/pharmaceutical applications have reached the market, showing that plants can excel as a competitive production platform in some niche areas. Here, we discuss the strengths of plant expression systems for specific applications, but mainly address the bottlenecks that must be overcome before plants can compete with conventional systems, enabling the future commercial utilization of plants for the production of valuable proteins.
Aversive Learning Enhances Neurotransmitter Release from Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Predicting danger from previously associated sensory stimuli is essential for survival. Contributions from altered peripheral sensory inputs are implicated in this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we use the mammalian olfactory system to investigate such mechanisms. Primary olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) project their axons directly to the olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli where their synaptic release is subject to local and cortical influence and neuromodulation. Pairing optogenetic activation of a single glomerulus with foot shock in mice induces freezing to the light stimulation alone during fear retrieval. This is accompanied by enhanced OSN release probability and reduced GABAB receptor expression in the conditioned glomerulus. Furthermore, freezing time is positively correlated with the release probability of OSNs in fear conditioned mice. These results suggest that aversive learning increases peripheral olfactory inputs at the first synapse, which may contribute to the behavioral outcome. Significance Statement Fear learning, the process by which the brain predicts danger from previously associated sensory stimuli and adjusts behavioral responses, is essential for survival. In addition to neuroplasticity in cortical and limbic regions, potential contributions from altered sensory inputs start to be recognized, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using a novel, monoglomerular fear conditioning paradigm in the mouse olfactory system, we provide the direct evidence that fear conditioning enhances release probability from primary sensory neurons, presumably via downregulation of presynaptic GABAB receptor expression. Fear learning induced neuroplasticity at the first synapse potentially contributes to the behavioral response, highlighting the ability of the brain in adjusting sensory inputs based on predictive values.