Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The population biology of dispersal and gene flow in the desert shrub Acacia (Senegalia) greggii A. Gray in the Mojave National Preserve

Desert ecosystems are increasingly affected by the human-driven environmental pressures currently changing global landscapes and climates. Plant species are especially susceptible to these changes due to their inability to move except through propagules and a frequent reproductive dependence on dispersing animal species that could themselves be displaced. To identify the limitations climate and landscape already exert on the movement and reproduction of plant species in desert zones, we examined the desert shrub Acacia (Senegalia) greggii A. Gray in the Mojave National Preserve. In chapter one, we give an overview of the ecosystem and study species. In chapter two, we present determinants of reproductive success in A. greggii shrubs. Limited water availability in deserts leads to annual and spatial variation in floral production. The impact of this variation on the reproductive success of a plant depends on the response of dispersal agents and seed predators to fluctuating food resources. We conducted observational surveys and experimental manipulations, and found that greater floral abundance attracted a greater number of pollinators, increased fruit-set, decreased the seed predation rate, and thus increased the pre-dispersal reproductive success of the shrub. In chapter three we present the historic and contemporary dispersal in A. greggii . We compared the genetic patterns of adults and pollen in a 4 km 2 area, and found widespread gene flow indicating pollen flow may be more extensive than seed dispersal. Despite this extensive movement, both adult and pollen genetic patterns were explained by separation between dry-washes, suggesting a potential dispersal corridor for pollen and seeds. In chapter four, we present our comparison of alternative landscape pathways derived from both climatic and topographic variables to explain regional genetic structure. We examined movement across 2,700 km 2 to determine if the fine-scale patterns observed in chapter three translate into regional connectivity. We again found widespread dispersal was best explained by gene flow along dry-washes. Our work documents a species with a well-adapted reproductive strategy and historically widespread dispersal. In spite of these results, the movement pattern of A. greggii is shaped by landscape features suggesting a potential impact of landscape change and development on future movement.
Partial mortality in three species of reef-building corals and the relation with colony morphology

Partial tissue mortality (lesions) in three coral species with distinctly different colony morphologies was quantified in a series of field surveys on a shallow reef. Extent and type of partial mortality was related to differences in size and morphology of the colonies within and between species. Lesion size-frequency distributions were found to be very skewed to the right, meaning that most partial mortality is small in size and well within the regeneration capabilities of all coral species. However, large lesions may make a considerable contribution in terms of surface area to total partial mortality. Within partial mortality two types of lesions must be distinguished. Type I lesions are completely surrounded by living tissue and their occurrence is mostly related to non-bottom associated processes. Type II lesions, at the edge of a colony, are only partly surrounded by living tissue, and are caused mostly by bottom associated processes. The ratio of number of type II/type I lesions differed between species and was related to the ratio of colony edge (circumference)/colony surface area in the three species studied. Type II lesions were larger in size than type I lesions and can make a large contribution to total partial mortality. Species differed in the number of type I and type II lesions per colony and per unit of tissue area. Type II lesions were almost absent on branched colonies, but very frequent on colonies of massive species. Lesion number increased with colony size in the massive species. Most partial mortality is caused by bottom related processes and our results show that escape in height is a significant feature in the life history strategies of corals. The surveys showed small colonies to be very vulnerable to partial mortality. Because their circumference/surface area ratio is high, they are very susceptible to colony edge (i.e., bottom-associated) processes that cause mortality. Consequently, small colonies will often suffer whole colony death. On the other hand, large colonies, although unlikely to escape partial mortality, will less often suffer complete mortality. The relationship between this ratio and susceptibility to partial mortality holds as well within species as between species and suggests an important effect of colony morphology on survival. Colony genetic identity also affected susceptibility to partial mortality. Other factors that may influence sensitivity to mortality are discussed. Regeneration capabilities of corals suggest that scleractinian corals have become adapted to the very common occurrence of small lesions.
ANALISIS PENGARUH STRES KERJA, KOMPENSASI, DAN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI (Studi pada Pegawai PDAM Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang)

Organizational performance is good if the performance of the employees is also good. Good or bad employee performance can be influenced by various factors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out how big the influence of job stress, compensation, and employee engagement on the employee performance at Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Semarang based on organizational performance data for 2 consecutive years. T his research used quantitative approach with the population of employee PDAM Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang amounting to 479 people with sample of the research counted 100 people using purposive sampling technique. The processed of data by using the help of SPSS 23.0 version, and the method used in analyzing data in this research is linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that: (1) work stress had a negative and significant effect on employee performance; (2) compensation has a positive and unsignificant effect on employee performance; and (3) employee engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.
MECHANISMS OF THE DOWNREGULATION OF PROLACTIN RECEPTOR AND THEIR ROLE IN CELL PROLIFERATION

Cells react to diverse stimuli by expressing specific receptors that recognize these stimuli and initiate specific signaling pathways that enable a cell to change with the environment. Downregulation of these signaling receptors represents the most direct method for limiting the magnitude and duration of downstream signal transduction. For cell surface transmembrane receptors, ligand-stimulated endocytosis is a major mechanism by which the ability of a cell to react to a ligand is restricted. In order to investigate the downregulation of the prolactin receptor (PRLr), we investigated the mechanism and key determinants in the endocytosis and downregulation of PRLr. In Chapter 2, we show that the endocytosis of PRLr is a ligand-induced process which requires the catalytic activity of the constitutively bound Janus kinase Jak2. In Chapter 3, we show that PRLr is internalized by a clathrin-dependent mechanism which requires phosphorylation of the conserved phosphodegron motif (DS349GRGS) at Ser 349 and an active SCFβ-TrCP E3 ligase complex. Optimal PRLr endocytosis is shown to be achieved via K63-linked polyubiquitination of the receptor. In Chapter 4, we show that PRL signaling promotes cell growth in 2-D and 3-D culture systems where PRLr levels are increased/ stabilized. In Chapter 5, we identify pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic enzyme whose role in tumorigenesis has been described, to be a novel interactor of PRLr. We show that prolactin (PRL) signaling works to inhibit PKM2 activity by the propagation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. This inhibition of PKM2 prevents progression through glycolysis and allows PKM2 to take a pro-tumorigenic role. We show that the interaction between PRL signaling and PKM2 is required for optimal prolactin-dependent cell growth. In this thesis (model shown in Model 1), we show that there is a defined mechanism of PRLr downregulation which works to limit PRL signaling. If this mode of receptor downregulation is not properly executed, it can result in aberrant signaling whereby prolactin-mediated inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2 mediates the pro-tumorigenic effect of prolactin. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Dr. Serge Fuchs
Forecasts of the Lost Recovery

The years following the Great Recession were challenging for forecasters for a variety of reasons, including an unprecedented policy environment. This post, based on our recently released working paper, documents the real-time forecasting performance of the New York Fed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in the wake of the Great Recession. We show that the model? s predictive accuracy was on par with that of private forecasters and proved to be quite a bit better, at least in terms of GDP growth, than that of the median forecasts from the Federal Open Market Committee? s (FOMC) Summary of Economic Projections (SEP).
Keynote: Conformational change of an α-helix segment of bovine serum albumin adsorbed on graphene

We investigated the adsorption characteristics of an α -helical segment with 12 residues derived from the full protein structure of bovine serum albumin. It was found that the peptide adsorbs onto graphene, leading to significant changes in the helical content. Adsorption onto graphene induces a transition in the peptide, destabilizing the close-packed α -helices to form significant amounts of loose-packed 3 10 -helices. This is confirmed through comparison of the hydrogen bond formation in the peptide with and without the presence of graphene.
The Reign of King Nyuserre and Its Impact on the Development of the Egyptian State. A Multiplier Effect Period during the Old Kingdom

3 Abstract The present thesis deals with the reign of Nyuserre, one of great Old Kingdom rulers who ruled in the mid-Fifth Dynasty (2402–2374+25 BC). A transformation of whole society of ancient Egypt came to pass during his reign as a consequence of the events in the late Fourth and early Fifth Dynasties, when the highest posts in the administrative system had passed over from members of the royal family to dignitaries of non-royal origin. This fact had been reflected in whole society and started numerous rivulets of change, which merged in a single river in Nyuserre’s reign. The gradual transformation of Egyptian society from a kingdom to a state took place during this crucial period, and a number of innovations came about in various spheres (religion, society, administration, tomb architecture, etc.), mirroring a change in the participation in power. This situation was reflected primarily in dignitaries’ tombs dated to the given period, which became indicators of the transformation of society. The research is focused on an analysis more than 100 tombs of high-ranking individuals and their family members, and particularly of their titulary, offering formulae, false doors (the central point of the funerary cult), etc. The individual chapters of the present thesis exemplify the most noticeable changes in society. The first opening chapter provides an insight into the subject. The second chapter deals with a new offering pose which represents the king in a kneeling posture for the first time. The third chapter focuses on innovation in the social sphere, and especially on one of the significant features, the royal marriage policy. The fourth chapter concerns the reconstruction of the administration, i.e. of the management of the state. The emphasis is laid on elements that distinctively reflect the transformation of the distribution of power. The fifth chapter focuses on the transfer of professions from father to son, the so-called nepotism, which increased during this period. The sixth chapter deals with the religious sphere, especially with the introduction of the Osirian cult, which indicates a change of the concept of afterlife of high-ranking dignitaries. The seventh, final chapter summarizes the results of the thesis and sets them in a wider developmental framework.
An integrated model for public service media governance based on participatory governance and actor-centered institutionalism: Initial application to the independence of the Polish public broadcaster TVP S.A.

The aim of the article is to introduce a governance analysis model which can be used for the investigation of public service media (PSM) change processes. With its help it is possible to explore to what extent the PSM system is dependent on political as well as economic influences in a timeline. The PSM governance model derives from the theoretical framework of the actor-centered institutionalism (ACI) and the participatory media governance approach. Participatory media governance allows civil society members to be included in the investigation. With the help of ACI and the agent-structure dynamics model one can analyze three different spheres of actor’s actions which can be observed empirically: sub-systemic orientation horizons, institutional arrangements and the actor’s constellations. Based on these preliminary considerations, the model is applied to PSM governance in Poland since the socio-political transition of 1989 until 2016.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Actin Gene from Birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.)

以白桦（Betula platyphylla Suk．）次生木质部为材料，用改良CTAB方法提取总RNA。 根据植物肌动蛋白（Actin）基因编码区的保守序列设计引物后进行RT—PCR，并采用RACE技术扩增出Actin基因全长序列。 该基因cDNA全长1785bp，序列分析表明，该基因编码区1134bp，编码377个氨基酸，5’非编码区157bp，3’非编码区495bp。 所得序列与GenBank中注册的其它植物肌动蛋白核苷酸序列的相似性均在80％以上，氨基酸序列的相似性高达96％以上。 此基因已在GenBank注册（EU588981）。 根据高等植物肌动蛋白相似性构建了进化树，表明白桦肌动蛋白与蓖麻肌动蛋白之间的亲缘关系最为密切，在进化中分化时间最为接近。
Leaf CO2 efflux is attenuated by acclimation of respiration to heat and drought in a Mediterranean tree

Summary 1 Understanding the effect of water deficit on plant respiration and its temperature sensitivity at long time-scales is important for anticipating the shift in ecosystem dynamics that is expected to occur as a result of climate change. 2 We investigated seasonal variations of leaf dark respiration and sensitivity to temperature in the upper and lower canopy of Quercus ilex trees in a forest stand that had been exposed to either 33% throughfall reduction or normal rainfall for the preceding 6 years. 3 For upper and lower canopy leaves, light-saturated photosynthesis and respiration at a reference temperature of 15 °C (R15) had the lowest values in late summer, when both traits were lower in trees subjected to throughfall reduction than in those subject to control conditions. Respiration acclimated to seasonal shifts in temperature, more intensively through summer than winter and in throughfall-exclusion than control trees. Foliar concentration of soluble sugars was positively correlated with R15 across seasons. 4 As leaf respiration decreased with increasing water deficit, and the relationship between water status and respiration did not differ between trees that had been exposed to 7 years of enhanced drought when compared with controls, we suggest that drier conditions projected for the Mediterranean may attenuate the stimulation of leaf respiratory CO2 release by global warming in Q. ilex forests.
Intraspecific variability in the context of ecological restoration projects

Abstract Population differentiation within species is a common phenomenon. The question raised in this review is whether such variability should be recognized while making a choice for populations as sources for the (re)introduction of species into former or novel environments. To estimate the ecological importance of population differentiation in the context of restoration projects, I reviewed literature in which the results from (reciprocal) sowing and transplant experiments are reported. This survey reveals that survival of the transplants (one of the earliest recognizable fitness components) is almost entirely site-dependent, while the fitness of surviving plants (measured in terms of growth and fecundity) is frequently higher for native plant populations as compared to alien populations of a species. Phenological timing is sensitive to selection and rather difficult to recover in an adequate way. As far as fitness reduction is concerned, it can be stated that this is a minor effect in comparison to the complete lack of a species from the restoration site; however, the credits and debits of quantity vs. quality of the members of a population cannot yet be estimated scientifically. Comparative experiments in restoration projects would help in solving this problem. The suitability of environmental conditions for the species and the accessibility of the dispersal units to the restoration site are actually thought to be the major constraints.
Rhizobial infection in nodulation

Nodulation is a symbiosis between plants and bacteria called rhizobia which leads to the formation of a lateral organ called a nodule where nitrogen fixation occurs. Nodulation can be divided into two developmental programmes, rhizobial infection, and nodule organogenesis, both of which are required for nitrogen fixation. In my PhD studies, I focused on the study of rhizobial infection using the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti model system. NIN is an important transcription factor in the nodulation signalling pathway that functions both in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. Gene expression profiling of nin during rhizobial infection has enabled me to identify its potential downstream targets including several NIN-dependent infection-related genes and, surprisingly, genes involved in mycorrhization that are apparently repressed by NIN. The identification of these genes has provided insight into how NIN functions in rhizobial infection and revealed potential cross-talk between nodulation and mycorrhization pathways. In the course of this work I discovered two infection mutants. One of the mutants, cbs1, was cloned in collaboration with a colleague in the lab. It encodes a Cystathionine Beta-Synthase domain containing protein with a potential role in reactive oxygen species homeostasis. The other mutant, which I named knocks but can’t enter (kce), is blocked at an early stage of infection. I used conventional mapping and next-generation sequencing technologies to genetically map kce to a known rhizobial infection gene LIN. The kce mutant developed nodules with central rather than peripheral vascular bundles resembling nodules from the more ancient Frankia-actinorhizal symbiosis. Using kce and other infection mutants I demonstrate that this abnormal nodule architecture results from a failure of infection to reach the nodule cortex. Based on this finding, I predict that Nod factor activated signalling in the nodule cortex plays a role in determining nodule structure.
Induced systemic resistance by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

Rhizobacteria are present in large numbers on the root surface, where plant exudates and lysates provide nutrients. Selected strains of beneficial, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) trigger a plant-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) response that is effective against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. To study the molecular basis of ISR, an Arabidopsis thaliana-based model was developed, using PGPR strain Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r as the inducing agent. Genetic dissection of the ISR signalling pathway revealed that ISR is regulated by a defence pathway in which the phytohormones jasmonic acid and ethylene play key roles. Interestingly, the state of ISR is not associated with major changes in gene expression. Instead, ISR-expressing plants are primed to activate specific sets of defense-related genes faster or to a higher level upon pathogen attack. Here we review the current state of knowledge of the signal transduction steps involved in the ISR pathway in Arabidopsis that leads from recognition of the rhizobacteria by the roots to systemic expression of broad-spectrum disease resistance in above-ground foliar tissues.
Vanadium-containing blood cells (vanadocytes) show no fluorescence due to the tunichrome in the ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea : Biochemistry

Etude du role du tunichrome dans l'accumulation des ions vanadium dans les cellules sanguines de A. s. samea en determinant la fluorescence autonome induite par cette substance au niveau des vanadocytes isoles par centrifugation en gradient de densite de Ficoll
Acute Toxicity of β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) to Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) and Zebrafish ( Danio rerio )

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF FIGURES ix ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER ONE. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) 1 1.1.1 ALS/PDC and the discovery of BMAA 1 1.1.2 Structure and biochemistry of BMAA 2 1.2 Neurotoxicity of BMAA 3 1.2. 1 BMAA ALS/PDC hypothesis 3 1.2. 2 Bioaccumulation of BMAA 4 1.2. 3 Experimental evidences of BMAA-induced neurotoxicity 5 1.2. 4 Mechanisms of BMAA-induced neurotoxicity 7 1.3 BMAA in ecosystems 9 1.3. 1 Source of BMAA 9 1.3. 2 Occurrence of BMAA in diverse environments 11 1.3. 3 Bioaccumulation of BMAA in wild organisms 11
Biology and systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma

Davis, Donald R. , Olle Pellmyr, and John N. Thompson. Biology and Systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, new genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 524, 88 pages, 375 figures, 7 maps, 1992. —Greya is a genus of particular biological interest, in that it is among the genera closest related to the yucca moths, which are widely quoted in discussions of coevolution. Both Greya and the new genus Tetragma share some morphological and behavioral traits with the yucca moths. In this paper, the general morphology, classification, distribution, and biology of the western North American genera Greya and Tetragma new genus, are reviewed, and a phytogeny is proposed. Sixteen species of Greya are recognized, including seven new species: G. mitellae, G. obscura, G. enchrysa, G. variabilis, G. pectinifera, G. suffusca, and G. powelli. Greya piperella is resurrected as a valid species. The new genus Tetragma is described, with the single, new species T. gei. Keys are provided for all species, and diagnostic characters of all taxa are illustrated by line drawings and photographs. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Davis Donald R. (Donald Ray) Biology and systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, new genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) / Donald R. Davis, Olle Pellmyr, and John N. Thompson. p. cm. -(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 524) Includes bibliographic references. 1. Greya. 2. Tetragma. I. Pellmyr, Olle. II. Thompson, John N. III. Title. IV. Series. QL1.S54 no. 524 [QL561.P57] 591 s-dc20 [595.78! ] 91-28433 ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.