Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Productivity and Economic Growth in Australia, New Zealand and Ireland

t is generally accepted that productivity growth is a major source of economic growth and welfare improvement. Labour productivity has accounted for roughly half of the growth in per capita GDP in the OECD over the last two decades, with the other half primarily accounted for by increases in labour utilisation, that is, changes in the demographics, unemployment and labour force participation rates. For this reason, productivity is of vital interest to economists and policymakers. An understanding of technical and efficiency change, two key factors in productivity growth, is thus important in policy decision-making. Academics and policy makers continue to debate the relative contributions of shocks and policy changes impacting on population growth, capital accumulation, microeconomic behaviour and technological advance. Different policy settings impact on both aggregate performance and the productivity of sectors and factors. This paper presents an analysis of the relative growth performance of Australia, New Zealand and Ireland concentrating on the underlying components of labour productivity, particularly efficiency change and technical change. Such analysis is important to policy decisions of countries seeking to improve their relative international position and outlook. It is important that policymakers identify sustainable productivity changes (largely driven by technological change) separately from measured productivity change. This separation facilitates assessment of the extent to which technology adoption and diffusion contribute to a productivity catch-up. This work is similar in many respects to rec ent studies undertaken by the OECD (2004a), but with important methodological differences introduced by Margaritis, Fare and Grosskopf (2005). The individual contributions of industry productivity growth and sectoral composition to aggregate productivity are also considered. The novelty of the productivity measurement and analysis used by Margaritis, Fare and Grosskopf is that it ‘derives from a decomposition of the growth in labour productivity in terms of (a) technical change both neutral and biased, (b) efficiency change, and (c) capital accumulation’. Each component’s contribution to the growth in labour productivity can then be assessed. The paper proceeds as follows. We outline the relative economic growth performance of Australia, New Zealand and Ireland over the period 1979-2002,
Curva de lactação e qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen recebendo rações com diferentes relações volumoso: concentrado

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a curva de lactacao e a qualidade do leite de cabras Saanen recebendo racoes com diferentes relacoes volumoso:concentrado. Foram utilizadas 20 cabras (59,59 kg ± 6,97) em lactacao, distribuidas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco relacoes volumoso:concentrado nas racoes (40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 e 80:20), correspondentes a 2,95; 2,83; 2,70; 2,58 e 2,46 Mcal de EM/kg MS. Os animais permaneceram alojados, durante 152 dias, em baias individuais com controle diario da racao ingerida e da producao de leite. Os tratamentos nao influenciaram o peso vivo (kg) das cabras. A ingestao de materia seca (kg/dia) variou ao longo do ciclo produtivo. A producao de leite foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, de modo que a racao com maior concentracao energetica proporcionou maior producao de leite. Nao foram verificadas diferencas entre os tratamentos para os constituintes do leite, a producao inicial, a taxa de acrescimo de producao ate o pico de lactacao e a taxa de declinio de producao apos o pico. No entanto, foi observado efeito linear negativo para o dia de producao no pico e a producao no pico. A relacao volumoso:concentrado com maior concentracao energetica melhora o desempenho produtivo dos animais, sem alterar a qualidade do leite.
MMT HYPERVELOCITY STAR SURVEY. II. FIVE NEW UNBOUND STARS

We present the discovery of five new unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs) in the outer Milky Way halo. Using a conservative estimate of Galactic escape velocity, our targeted spectroscopic survey has now identified 16 unbound HVSs as well as a comparable number of HVSs ejected on bound trajectories. A Galactic center origin for the HVSs is supported by their unbound velocities, the observed number of unbound stars, their stellar nature, their ejection time distribution, and their Galactic latitude and longitude distribution. Other proposed origins for the unbound HVSs, such as runaway ejections from the disk or dwarf galaxy tidal debris, cannot be reconciled with the observations. An intriguing result is the spatial anisotropy of HVSs on the sky, which possibly reflects an anisotropic potential in the central 10–100 pc region of the Galaxy. Further progress requires measurement of the spatial distribution of HVSs over the southern sky. Our survey also identifies seven B supergiants associated with known star-forming galaxies; the absence of B supergiants elsewhere in the survey implies there are no new star-forming galaxies in our survey footprint to a depth of 1–2 Mpc.
Extending the Calibration of C iv-based Single-epoch Black Hole Mass Estimators for Active Galactic Nuclei

We provide an updated calibration of C iv λ 1549 broad emission line–based single-epoch (SE) black hole (BH) mass estimators for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using new data for six reverberation-mapped AGNs at redshift z = 0.005 – 0.028 with BH masses (bolometric luminosities) in the range 10 6.5 – 10 7.5 M ⊙ ( 10 41.7 – 10 43.8 erg s−1). New rest-frame UV-to-optical spectra covering 1150–5700 Å for the six AGNs were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Multicomponent spectral decompositions of the HST spectra were used to measure SE emission-line widths for the C iv, Mg ii, and Hβ lines, as well as continuum luminosities in the spectral region around each line. We combine the new data with similar measurements for a previous archival sample of 25 AGNs to derive the most consistent and accurate calibrations of the C iv-based SE BH mass estimators against the Hβ reverberation-based masses, using three different measures of broad-line width: full width at half maximum (FWHM), line dispersion ( σ line ), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). The newly expanded sample at redshift z = 0.005 – 0.234 covers a dynamic range in BH mass (bolometric luminosity) of log M BH / M ☉ = 6.5 – 9.1 ( log L bol / erg s−1 = 41.7 – 46.9 ), and we derive the new C iv-based mass estimators using a Bayesian linear regression analysis over this range. We generally recommend the use of σ line or MAD rather than FWHM to obtain a less biased velocity measurement of the C iv emission line, because its narrow-line component contribution is difficult to decompose from the broad-line profile.
Analysis of Expressed Genes in Normal and Tumoral Mammary Gland Tissue of the Terrier Dog

Mammary gland tumor is the most common type of tumor in female dogs. Data on genes that are involved in tumorigenesis and mechanism of tumor development are insufficient. Comparative studies have been conducted in order to see if tumorigenesis studies in the dog could be a model for human mammary gland tumors. In this study, we constructed two different cDNA libraries from mammary tissue, which were collected from a normal mammary tissue of a healthy Terrier dog and a tumoral mammary tissue of a sick dog. A total 2304 colonies which are randomly picked out from the two libraries were sequenced for developing a dog mammary gland ESTs collection. Raw EST data were analyzed with Phred/Phrap programs and readable EST sequences were assembled with the CAP3 program. All of EST sequences were grouped into 45 contig and 2203 singletons. Putative functions of all unique sequences were designated by NCBI BLAST based on gene homology and annotated by BLAST2GO. The results of this study are a very valuable resource for functional genome studies of the dogs.
Automatic Transcription of Diatonic Harmonica Recordings

This paper presents a method for automatic transcription of the diatonic Harmonica instrument. It estimates the multi-pitch activations through a spectrogram factorisation framework. This framework is based on Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis (PLCA) and uses a fixed 4-dimensional dictionary with spectral templates extracted from Harmonica’s instrument timbre. Methods based on spectrogram factorisation may suffer from local-optima issues in the presence of harmonic overlap or considerable timbre variability. To alleviate this issue, we propose a set of harmonic constraints that are inherent to the Harmonica instrument note layout or are caused by specific diatonic Harmonica playing techniques. These constraints help to guide the factorisation process until convergence into meaningful multi-pitch activations is achieved. This work also builds a new audio dataset containing solo recordings of diatonic Harmonica excerpts and the respective multi-pitch annotations. We compare our proposed approach against multiple baseline techniques for automatic music transcription on this dataset and report the results based on frame-based F-measure statistics.
Practical sampling schemes for quantum phase estimation

In this work we consider practical implementations of Kitaev's algorithm for quantum phase estimation. We analyze the use of phase shifts that simplify the estimation of successive bits in the estimation of unknown phase $\varphi$. By using increasingly accurate shifts we reduce the number of measurements to the point where only a single measurements in needed for each additional bit. This results in an algorithm that can estimate $\varphi$ to an accuracy of $2^{-(m+2)}$ with probability at least $1-\epsilon$ using $N_{\epsilon} + m$ measurements, where $N_{\epsilon}$ is a constant that depends only on $\epsilon$ and the particular sampling algorithm. We present different sampling algorithms and study the exact number of measurements needed through careful numerical evaluation, and provide theoretical bounds and numerical values for $N_{\epsilon}$.
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON INNOVATION CAPITAL AND FIRM MARKET VALUE RELATIONSHIP: AN APPLICATION ON BIST

In today’s world, for wealth creation, capital should be invested in a manner of leading to innovation and human development. This kind of wealth creation, is generally discussed in the concept of intellectual capital (IC). There is a widespread belief in the literature that IC is a phenomenon based on interactions and interdependencies among its components. In this paper, it was investigated the impact of innovation capital (INVC) on firm market value and moderating effect of human capital (HC) on this relation. Experimental models were based on Ohlson (1995) model. INVC and HC were measured by using proxy variables derived from accounting data. This paper concludes that INVC can be considered to be value-relevant to market participants, and HC augments the role of INVC in reinforcing firm's market value. As a managerial implication, managers should consider the interaction between HC and INVC when developing a strategy of utilizing intangible assets for sustainable performance. http://dx.doi. org/10.17130/ijmeb.2017ICMEB1735469
Spatial-Temporal Quantitative Global Energy Differences between the Living and Dead Human Brain

The dynamic differences between a living human brain and a clinically dead (fixed) human brain were measured over international Quantitative Electroencephalographic (QEEG) sites for 1 Hz increments between 1 Hz and 50 Hz. Although the expected greater power (μV2•Hz–1) for the living brain was apparent, the difference was particularly obvious for theta and low beta bands. The integrated square root values over the entire band indicated the difference in intrinsic charge-based energy between the living (higher) and dead brain was ~2•10–23 J. This quantity is remarkably proximal to the Cosmic Background Microwave value and would be consistent with the Hameroff-Penrose definition of consciousness that suggests a permeating presence derived from discrete physical events. A power value obtained by multiplying this increment of energy by the frequency of the universal hydrogen line resulted in ~10–12 W•m–2 when applied to the surface area of the human cerebrum. This value is the median flux density that has been measured from human brains during cognition and defines the ultra-weak photon emissions displayed by cells, tissue, and organisms. These results suggest that modern technology may now be sufficiently precise to discern the critical parameters that differentiate the living brain from the fixed “dead” brain. This information might be useful for future designs of virtual consciousness and simulations within cerebral space.
The strength of cometary meteoroids: clues to the structure and evolution of comets

Meteoroid behaviour during atmospheric interaction provides clues about the strength and density of cometary disintegration products, establishing a bridge between different research fields. We have estimated the strength of cometary meteoroids by studying meteor ablation light curves measured accurately from multiple-station meteor observation programmes. Our approach assumes that the typical height for meteoroid fragmentation is associated with the peak of meteor luminosity. The strength of cometary meteoroids is independent of the entry velocity and very similar for cometary streams with similar ages. Meteoroids from periodic comets have typical strength of ∼10 4 dyn cm -2 . The only exception among the studied comets is the extremely fluffy particles from 21P/Giacobini-Zinner that exhibit ∼4×10 2 dyn cm -2 . Finally, evolved bodies, e.g. 2P/Encke and 3200 Phaeton, release the toughest meteoroids. We suggest that the main physical difference between cometary particles reaching the Earth from several sources could be a different degree of compaction arising from different physical processing of cometary nuclei by collisional processes, thermal and, perhaps, aqueous alteration. Meteor data suggest that highly processed cometary nuclei produce the meteoroids with the largest tensile strength values while 'pristine comets' are producing meteoroids with the lowest strength values characteristic of bodies with a low degree of compaction.
A DISCOUNTED-COST CONTINUOUS-TI M E FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING AND OPERATOR SCHEDULING MODEL SOLVED BY DECONVEXIFICATIO N OVER TIME b y B .

A discounted-cost, continuous-time, infinite-horizonversion of a flexible manufacturing and operator scheduling model is solved. The solution procedure is to convexify the discrete operator-assignment constraints to obtain a linear program, and then to regain the discreteness and obtain an approximate manufacturing schedule by deconvexification of the solution of the linear program over time. The strong features of the model are the accomodation of linear inequality relations among the manufacturing activities and the discrete manufacturing scheduling, whereas the weak features are intra-period relaxation of inventory availability constraints, and the absence of inventory costs, setup times, and setup charges. Acknowledgement: This research is supported in part by NSF DMS-8902652 and DOE Grant DE-FG0387ER25028.
Role of intraband transitions in photocarrier generation

We theoretically investigate the role of intra-band transitions in laser-induced carrier-generation for different photon energy regimes: (i) strongly off-resonant, (ii) multi-photon resonant, and (iii) resonant conditions. Based on the analysis for the strongly off-resonant and multi-photon resonant cases, we find that intra-band transitions strongly enhance photo-carrier generation in both multi-photon absorption and tunneling excitation regimes, and thus, they are indispensable for describing the nonlinear photo-carrier generation processes. Furthermore, we find that intra-band transitions enhance photo-carrier generation even in the resonant condition, opening additional multi-photon excitation channels once the laser irradiation becomes sufficiently strong. The above findings suggest a potential for efficient control of photo-carrier generation via multi-color laser pulses through optimization of the contributions from intra-band transitions.
Azologization of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

The serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5-HT3R) plays a unique role within the seven classes of the serotonin receptor family, as it represents the only ionotropic receptor, while the other six members are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The 5-HT3 receptor is related to chemo-/radiotherapy provoked emesis and dysfunction leads to neurodevelopmental disorders and psychopathologies. Since the development of the first serotonin receptor antagonist in the early 1990s, the range of highly selective and potent drugs expanded based on various chemical structures. Nevertheless, on-off-targeting of a pharmacophore’s activity with high spatiotemporal resolution as provided by photopharmacology remains an unsolved challenge bearing additionally the opportunity for detailed receptor examination. In the presented work, we summarize the synthesis, photochromic properties and in vitro characterization of azobenzene-based photochromic derivatives of published 5-HT3R antagonists. Despite reported proof of principle of direct azologization, only one of the investigated derivatives showed antagonistic activity lacking isomer specificity.
Inflation targeting and the pass-through effect: The case of Mongolia

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between inflation targeting and the pass-through effect from exchange rate to consumer prices, focusing on the case of Mongolia. The study estimates a vector-autoregressive model, and examines the impulse responses of consumer prices to the shock of exchange rate for the pre-inflation targeting period and the post-inflation targeting period. The empirical analysis identified the existence of the pass-through effect during the pre-inflation targeting period and the loss of the pass-through during the post-inflation targeting period. It was speculated that the loss of the pass-through comes from the “forward-looking” monetary policy rule in Mongolian inflation targeting, so that it can work on the expectations of domestic agents such that they are less inclined to change prices in response to a given exchange rate shock.
Subjective Income Expectations And Risks In Rural India

ABSTRACT:Income risks and expectation about future income play a fundamental role in the decision making of households. The analysis of income risk is particularly important for developing countries, where incomes are more volatile than developed countries, and credit and insurance markets are inadequately developed, limiting opportunities available to households to diversify their risks. When households have inadequate opportunities to diversify their risks, income risks may lead to relatively high fluctuations in consumption and thus greater levels of transient poverty. This may also lead to a poverty trap, as poor households may enter low-risk, low-return activities, and low-return and less capital-intensive activities. This paper analyses the pattern and determinants of (perceived) expected income and income risk in rural India. It uses unique primary survey data eliciting subjective income distribution from households in twelve villages in Bihar. The sample consists of 659 households with approximately 4,100 household members. The survey was designed to elicit the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of future household income. Using this information, it constructs household-specific subjective expected future income, its variance and coefficient of variation. It finds that both expected future income and income risks (variance and coefficient of variation) differ substantially across households. Both expected future income and its variance increase with current income, however, there is a significant negative association between the coefficient of variation of future income and current income, suggesting that low-income households face greater variability in their income. Upper caste households and households reliant on non-agricultural income have significantly higher expected future income and variance. To the extent income risks lead poor households to choose low income and low risk activities, public policies designed to reduce these risks, such as provision of insurance (e.g. rainfall insurance) and easier availability of consumer credit are likely to have a significant effect on poverty and inequality. Microfinance institutions and nongovernmental organizations can play an important role in the provision of insurance and labour market information. Public investment in irrigation, better weather information, and employment guarantee schemes, such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, can reduce income and consumption risk.
Effect of Applying Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici Isolated on Fermentation Dynamics , Microbial Community and Aerobic Stability of Napier Grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) Silage

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applying three of lactic acid bacteria isolates AZZ1, AZZ4, AZZ7 and one commercial (CB) on the fermentation dynamics, microbial community and aerobic stability of Napier grass silage. The grass was ensiled with or without the addition of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant at 1.0×106 CFU/g of fresh material to Napier grass silage. Napier grass was ensiled in laboratory silos and treated as follows: no additives (control), Pediococcus acidilactici (AZZ1), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (AZZ4), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis (AZZ7) and Lactobacillus plantarum, Ecosyl MTD/1 (CB). To follow the fermentation dynamics during ensiling samples were taken on days 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 of ensiling for chemical and microbiological analysis. Aerobic stability was determined on day 90 of ensiling. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with a 5 × 5 × 3. The inoculant resulted in a more decreased (P<0.0001) in pH, water soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen, organic acid, aerobic bacteria and yeast, while a higher (P<0.0001) level of lactic acid content and lactic acid bacteria compared with control group. Treatment with AZZ4 had the better (P<0.0001) fermentation results. The aerobic stability of Napier silage was reduced with strains treatment compared with the control. In conclusion, the addition of bacteria inoculant resulted in better preservation and reduced the aerobic stability of silage.
A Novel Intelligent Method for the State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Discrete Wavelet Transform-Based Wavelet Neural Network

State of charge (SOC) estimation is becoming increasingly important, along with electric vehicle (EV) rapid development, while SOC is one of the most significant parameters for the battery management system, indicating remaining energy and ensuring the safety and reliability of EV. In this paper, a hybrid wavelet neural network (WNN) model combining the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method and adaptive WNN is proposed to estimate the SOC of lithium-ion batteries. The WNN model is trained by Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm, whose inputs are processed by discrete wavelet decomposition and reconstitution. Compared with back-propagation neural network (BPNN), L-M based BPNN (LMBPNN), L-M based WNN (LMWNN), DWT with L-M based BPNN (DWTLMBPNN) and extend Kalman filter (EKF), the proposed intelligent SOC estimation method is validated and proved to be effective. Under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the mean absolute error and maximum error can be reduced to 0.59% and 3.13%, respectively. The characteristics of high accuracy and strong robustness of the proposed method are verified by comparison study and robustness evaluation results (e.g., measurement noise test and untrained driving cycle test).