Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KNEE JOINT TORQUE MEASUREMENTS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER TRAINING WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of an eight-week Electrical Stimulation (ES) training program on the knee joint torque of the knee joint extensor muscles of six test persons (three trained hobby sportsmen ‘T ES’ and three untrained test persons ‘UT ES’). ES sessions were carried out with simultaneous maximum voluntary isometric contraction five times weekly. A control group of six test persons (three ‘T NoES’ and three ‘UT NoES’) completed the same training program without ES. Every two weeks measurements on a dynamometer were done before, during and after training sessions. The averaged strength increase of the ‘UT ES’-group amounted to 9.5% and of the ‘T ES’-group to 5.7% at the knee joint flexion angle of 60°. The ‘UT NoES’-group achieved 9.1% at the same knee joint flexion angle.
Hygienic Quality Of Vanilla Ice Cream Sold At Local Market

One hundred random Vanilla ice cream samples were collected from retail stores in El-Behera and Alexandria Governorates to assess their hygienic quality. The results revealed that, the mean value of sensory score for examined Vanilla ice cream samples, appearance, colour, odour, taste and texture, were 8.15, 7.30, 8.38, 7.28, and 8.51, respectively. The result revealed that the average total viable count which was 3.35 x 104 ± 3.35 x 104 cfu /ml. It was found that microbial contamination and proliferation of viable bacteria occurred in 24% of examined Vanilla ice cream samples. The average Coliform count obtained from the study was 4.58 x103 ± 1.5 x 103 cfu/ml, the presence of numbers of Coliforms in Vanilla ice cream samples were fairly high (10/ml) indicated the poor hygienic practices during manufacture, post process contamination and unsatisfactory transportation. Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Citrobacter sp. were isolated and identified from the examined ice cream samples. The average staphylococcus aureus count as revealed in the samples of Vanilla ice cream was 1.10 x 103 ± 2.45 x 102 cfu/ml, which could be associated with potential food poisoning hazards. The results demonstrated that repeated electricity shuts for long periods in addition to poor handling of such perishable products may be the reason of their contamination. It is recommended to launch awareness programs to minimize the contamination of ice cream products.
Tribological Property and Lubricant Mechanism of Biomimetic Artificial Cartilage Material

PVA-H/HA composite and porous UHMWPE were prepared by in situ method and Template-Leaching,respectively.The friction and wear properties of two materials were comparatively studied under the same condition.The lubricating regimes of two materials sliding against stainless steel disc were investigated based on theoretical analysis of the relevant Stribeck curves.Both friction and wear loss of porous UHMWPE were higher than that of PVA-H/HA under dry sliding.While under lubrication,PVA-H/HA exhibited better self-lubricating performance than that of porous UHMWPE.Stribeck curves involving the hydro-dynamics lubrication regime were obtained by changing the sliding speed and loads.Hydro-dynamics lubrication regime was recognizedon as shown on Stribeck curves of PVA-H/HA and porous UHMWPE.The hydro-dynamics lubrication zone was near to the valley of the plot of friction coefficient as function of sliding duration.The appearance of hydro-dynamics lubrication regime and its range was closely dependent on the loads,speed and lubricant.The Stribeck curve for stainless steel/PVA-H/HA pair showed a broader frictional coefficient valley and hydro-dynamics lubrication zone as wel1.
Does money affect children’s outcomes?

Children in low-income households do less well than their better-off peers on many outcomes in life, such as education or health, simply because they are poorer. While a parent's level of education, attitude towards bringing up children and other parental factors also have a bearing, research shows that having more money directly improves the development and level of achievement of children. Increases in family income substantially reduce differences in schooling outcomes and improve wider aspects of a child's well-being. Cognitive development and school achievement were most improved by having more money. Conversely, reductions in family income, including benefit cuts, are likely to have wide-ranging negative effects. Money seems to have more of an effect among low-income families.
Influence of aliphatic-based high water-reducer on hydration of cement pastes

Aliphatic formaldehyde condensate(SAF) high ranger water-reducer on cement hydration and hydrated pastes microstructure is discussed by applying MIP,XRD,SEM,TG-DTA testing means.The results show that the ratio of porosity was reduced,pore diameter of cement paste and pore size distribution were improved remarkably with adding SAF.The SAF molecules are adsorbed on the cementitious system reducing the crystallization rate of ettringite at 1d.However,SAF molecules can not block the development of ettringite crystals at 28d.There are more gel productions in the cement paste to improve the strength and durability of concrete at 28d.
Resistance welded thermoplastic composites joint strengthened via carbon nanotubes from flame: interface strength, mechanical properties and microstructure

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-grafted carbon fibers (CFs) were used as the interlayer heating element for resistance welding of glass fabric reinforced polyetherimide (GF/PEI) composite laminates to enhance the strength of the joints of GF/PEI. The effects of CNTs on the wettability of PEI resin on the CF surface and the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated. The CNTs were grown in situ on the surface of the CFs by a flame method, and their structures and morphologies were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). PEI resin solution exhibits better wettability on CNTs-grafted CF surface with the help of capillary action. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the CF/PEI resin and the SEM images of the bonding interface show a stronger binding effect between CNTs-grafted CFs and PEI resin. The mechanical property of the joints was evaluated by the tensile test of single lap shear strength (LSS). The LSS values increased first and then decreased with welding time (tw), and the optimum LSS of the joint with CNTs was increased by 23.6% to 32.5MPa in comparison with that of the joint without CNTs when tw was 60 s.
PROCESSING OF NANOCOMPOSITES AND THEIR THERMAL AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Polymer nanocomposites are a constantly evolving material category due to the ability to engineer the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties to enhance the efficiency of a variety of systems. While a vast amount of research has focused on the physical phenomena of nanoparticles and their contribution to the improvement of such properties, the ability to implement these materials into existing commercial or newly emerging processing methods has been studied much less extensively. The primary characteristic that determines which processing technique is the most viable is the rheology or viscosity of the material. In this work, we investigate the processing methods and properties of nanocomposites for thermal interface and radiative cooling applications. The first polymer nanocomposite examined here is a two-component PDMS with graphene filler for 3D printing via a direct ink writing approach. The composite acts as a thermal interface material which can enhance cooling between a microprocessor and a heat sink by increasing the thermal conductivity of the gap. Direct ink writing requires a shear thinning ink with specific viscoelastic properties that allow for the material to yield through a nozzle as well as retain its shape without a mold following deposition. No predictive models of viscosity for nanocomposites exist; therefore, several prominent models from literature are fit with experimental data to describe the change in viscosity with the addition of filler for several different PDMS ratios. The result is an understanding of the relationship between the PDMS component ratio and graphene filler concentration with respect to viscosity, with the goal of remaining within the acceptable limits for printing via direct ink writing. The second nanocomposite system whose processability is determined is paint consisting of acrylic filled with reflective nanoparticles for radiative cooling paint applications. The paint is tested with both inkjet and screen-printing procedures with the goal of producing a thermally invisible ink. Radiative cooling paint is successfully printed for the first time with solvent modification. This work evaluates the processability of polymer nanocomposites through rheological tailoring.
Tibetan Sentiment Classification Method Based on Semi-Supervised Recursive Autoencoders

: We apply the semi-supervised recursive autoencoders (RAE) model for the sentiment classification task of Tibetan short text, and we obtain a better classification effect. The input of the semi-supervised RAE model is the word vector. We crawled a large amount of Tibetan text from the Internet, got Tibetan word vectors by using Word2vec, and verified its validity through simple experiments. The values of parameter α and word vector dimension are important to the model effect. The experiment results indicate that when α is 0.3 and the word vector dimension is 60, the model works best. Our experiment also shows the effectiveness of the semi-supervised RAE model for Tibetan sentiment classification task and suggests the validity of the Tibetan word vectors we trained.
The Hydrophobization of a Nanofiber Layer Using Low-Vacuum Plasma

Abstract Nanofiber materials offer a wide range of use in various production fields, e.g., different types of filtration, or areas requiring high hydrostatic resistance. They are made from different polymers, some of which are more hydrophobic than others, for instance some types of polyurethanes and polyvinylidene fluoride. However, even these polyurethanes cannot guarantee a high hydrophobicity of the final nanofiber material. To increase this desired property, we have to use the so-called hydrophobic substances like fluorocarbon. The nanofiber layer has to be prepared so that its pores do not get blocked, which would worsen its filtration capability and air permeability. This is why a roll-to-roll low-vacuum plasma was used in our case for creating a fabric with nanofiber layer for the clothing industry. The result is a nanofiber material with a hydrostatic resistance higher than a 15,000 mm water column. Under suitable conditions, we can produce a nanofiber membrane for clothing with thermophysiological properties similar to those of membranes produced with different principles, e.g., nanoporous membranes. The nanofiber membrane provides us desirable properties such as stability during repeated washing.
Modeling of High Density Polyethylene Regression Rate in the Simulation of Hybrid Rocket Flowfields

Numerical analysis of hybrid rocket internal ballistics is carried out with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver integrated with a customized gas–surface interaction wall boundary condition and coupled with a radiation code based on the discrete transfer method. The fuel grain wall boundary condition is based on species, mass, and energy conservation equations coupled with thermal radiation exchange and finite-rate kinetics for fuel pyrolysis modeling. Fuel pyrolysis is governed by the convective and radiative heat flux reaching the surface and by the energy required for the propellant grain to heat up and pyrolyze. Attention is focused here on a set of static firings performed with a lab-scale GOX/HDPE motor working at relatively low oxidizer mass fluxes. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on the literature pyrolysis models for HDPE, to evaluate the possible role of the uncertainty of such models on the actual prediction of the regression rate. A reasonable agreement between the measured and computed averaged regression rate and chamber pressure was obtained, with a noticeable improvement with respect to solutions without including radiative energy exchange.
Flexible Shape-Memory Alloy-Based Actuator: Mechanical Design Optimization According to Application

New robotic applications, among others, in medical and related fields, have in recent years boosted research in the development of new actuators in the search for solutions that are lighter and more flexible than conventional actuators. Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA)-based actuators present characteristics that make them an excellent alternative in a wide variety of applications. This paper presents the design, tests (with the control description) and analysis of various configurations of actuators based on SMA wires: flexible SMA actuators, different mechanical design to multiply the displacement and different configurations for actuators with multiple SMA wires. The performance of the actuators has been analyzed using wires of different activation temperatures. The influence of the Bowden sheath of the flexible actuator has been tested, as has the thermal behavior of actuators with several wires. This work has allowed determination of the most effective configuration for the development of a flexible actuator based on SMA, from the point of view of dimensions, efficiency, and work frequency. This type of actuator has been applied in the development of soft robots and light robotic exoskeletons.
Preparation of Ti(C, N)-based Cermets Powders with Double-core Ring Structure

In this study, the microstructure of Ti(C, N)-based cermet was improved by adding β-cobalt (face-centered cubic) and (Ti, W, Mo, Ta)(C, N) solid solution powder to prepare micro-nano Ti(C, N)-based cermet powder. In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the material. Firstly, the Co powder with face-centered cubic structure was obtained by the solid-phase reaction of high-energy ball milling, and its plastic deformation resistance was higher than that of Co powder with dense hexagonal structure. Secondly, The powder of (Ti, W, Mo, Ta)(C, N)solid solution was obtained by mechanical alloying and high-temperature carbonization under the atmosphere of N2. And the two were applied to the micro-nano Ti(C, N)-based cermet powder, and finally the properties of cermet powder were compared with that of ordinary cermet powder. The results show that the microstructure of micro-Ti(C, N)-based cermet powder prepared in this study is a double-core rim structure, that is, the structure of black core white rim and gray core white rim. This structure can effectively prevent crack of the expansion. The strength and toughness of cermet materials are greatly improved, which is beneficial to the improvement of comprehensive properties of cermet materials.
Microplastics, an Emerging Concern: A Review of Analytical Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying Microplatics

Microplastics are ubiquitous tiny plastic particles (< 5 mm) nonbiodegradable and have large surface area in the environment or the body of living things from anthropogenic activities or fragmentation of plastic debris. Though found in sea food and human body, their health implications are still speculative. A major reason for dearth of information on this topical issue is the lack of standard methods for analyzing microplastics in more complex environmental matrices. In the present review some methodologies for analyzing microplastics reported in the period 2000 to 2018 have been documented with the aim of assessing which methods is most suitable and in what matrix. The following methods have been studied: CHN analyzers, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (PyrGC/MS), optical microscopy, fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (Micro-FTIR), raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Studies have been conducted with often a combination of two methods; one separating and the other quantifying which can be problematic moreso in living tissue where there is no harm reported as at the time of this study. However, microplastics have become a cause for concern and advance studies are required to unravel the potential risk of their presence in our food and environment.
Improvements in miniaturized Hall Thrusters by use of high-temperature SmCo magnets and additive manufacturing techniques

This work presents the difficulties associated with the miniaturization of Hall Thruster engines and how state of the art materials and new manufacture techniques can potentially solve these problems. Hall Thrusters are electric propulsion systems that require specific magnetic field topography and uniform propellant distribution for optimal operation which is difficult to achieve with typical materials and by conventional manufacturing methods in miniaturized engines. To keep the optimal magnetic field distribution at small thruster sizes, it is shown that new alloys of SmCo permanent magnets can generate the desired magnetic field distribution and that their high-temperature resistance properties assure its operation temperature will be under the maximum operational temperature. In addition, whereas for the small dimensions required for the anode traditional manufacture methods only allow for simple designs, it is explained how the implementation of 3D-printing techniques can improve the uniformity in the azimuthal distribution of the propellant by allowing complex geometries in the design of the anode that are unattainable with traditional manufacturing.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IN-PLANE AND CROSS-PLANE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYMER NANOFIBER THIN FILM UTILIZING THE 3-OMEGA METHOD

The thermal conductivity of Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber thin films produced via an electrospinning method has been studied using the 3ω method. The production process utilized to produce the nanofibers used in this work were selected from a range of tested production processes with preference given to process parameters that produced consistently sized polymer nanofibers, nanofibers devoid of defects, and parameters that increased the general alignment of the resulting PCL nanofiber thin film. The effect of the void portion of a PCL nanofiber thin film is observed with increasing void percentange inversely affecting the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofiber thin film in both the in-planer and crossplaner directions, but increasing the portion of heat energy conducted along the in-planer direction. The data in this work concludes the thermal conductivity of the nanofibers tested is 20% higher in the in-planer direction than in the cross-planer direction, with the highest recorded thermal conductivity being 4.82 Wm−1K−1.
Experimental analysis of WEDM machined surface of Inconel 825 using single objective PSO

The present research focuses on the analysis of surface topography of Inconel 825 superalloy, machined with Wire Electrical Discharge Machining. Surface texture analysis includes cracks, craters, pockmarks, heat affected zone and recast layer thickness. Particle swarm optimization used response surface methodology (RSM) to find the optimum combination of WEDM characteristics viz. pulse on time, pulse off time, gap voltage, peak current, wire tension and wire feed. Surface crack density (SCD) and recast layer thickness (RCLt) are the output responses. The results manifest that pulse on time, peak current and gap voltage are the most influential parameters for surface topography. At optimum combination of process parameters, the value obtained for SCD is 0.000423 μm/μm2 and RCLt is 8.044 μm. Under optimized conditions, surface topography of the machined specimen is improved that makes it suitable for implementation in industry.
Structural and electrical characteristics of printed metal nanoparticle networks

The structural and electrical properties of metal nanoparticle (NP) networks and their dependence on the constituent phases have been investigated. Percolation and effective media theories have been used to describe the physical properties of disordered systems, as well as providing a link between their structural features and the corresponding electrical transport properties. Silver and palladium nanoparticulate layers in ethyl cellulose polymer binder (ETHOCEL), were fabricated onto paper using the method of screen printing. The metal-binder ratios were varied in order to observe changes in the microstructure when a percolating network consisting of the metal NPs is formed through the layer. The electron microscopy studies revealed the microstructural features of the silver and palladium layers to be different. The silver NPs aggregate into dense clusters resulting in a tightly packed layer, whereas the palladium NPs assembled into “chain-like” structures which produced a more “loosely” packed layer. The electrical conductivity, I-V characteristics and Hall effect for the metal layers were studied as a function of metal NP concentration. The two exponent phenomenological percolation equation (TEPPE) was fitted to the conductivity data for the silver and palladium systems which revealed the percolation threshold (φc) to be higher in the silver layers. For both metal systems the Hall coefficient and Hall mobility showed a dependence on particle concentration with the largest changes in their magnitude observed in the region of φc. Insight into the microscopic charge transport through the metal layers was provided by impedance spectroscopy studies. Equivalent circuit models based on the microstructural features of the layers were proposed. For both metal systems, the printed layers with particle loadings below φc could be described by a R − CPE circuit, whereas for concentrations above φc a RL − C circuit was used. It can be shown that differences observed in the values of R, L and C for the silver and palladium layers can be related to the manner in which the metal NPs aggregate to form the final microstructure.
Direct Probing of Neural Stem Cell Interactions on Hydrogel Electrodes using Atomic Force Microscopy

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