Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Ratoon to a Test of Agronomic Characters in Rice Breeding : II. The Relationship between Ratoon Ability and Lodging Resistance

The relationship between ratoon ability and lodging resistance was investigated with 21 paddy cultivars grown in a randomized block design with 2 replications. Plant characters concerned with lodging such as internode weight, stem base weight, breaking strength of culm and lodging index were noted at 5 successive 10 days intervals starting on the day of heading. Internode weight, stem base weight and breaking strength increased during the first 10-days period following heading then declined during the next 10- or 20-days period, but reached again the levels at heading or beyond on 40 days following heading. Lodging index increased during the 30-days period following heading, and then declined down. The rice plant was also cut at 5cm above the ground at 5 different growth stages, i.e the day of heading, and 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after heading. Some characters of the ratoon crops were surveyed at the ripening stage. Percentage of ratoon tillers showed the same change as internode weight, stem base weight and breaking strength. Changes of the percentage of ratoon tillers and the ratoon height showed a similar tendency in cuttings during the period from 10 days after heading to 40 days. Traits of the ratoon did not show any clear relationship to breaking strength. However, there were significant and negative correlations between traits of the ratoon and lodging index in cuttings on 20, 30 and 40 days following heading. It was suggested from these correlations that ratoon ability might be used as a test indicator of lodging resistance. The contribution rate of leaf sheath to breaking strength ranged approximately from 15% to 40% in the later period of ripening, and it was depended on cultivars and growth stages.
Microwave Tomography based on Time-Domain Solver and Adaptive Optimization

Microwave tomography is an ill-posed inverse problem. It is a non-linear multimodal optimization problem. As such, microwave tomography is highly computationally intensive and needs advanced optimization methods to be solved quickly. In contrast to typical approach based on faster local optimization coupled with linearization or regularization methods, the solution presented in this paper uses adaptive global optimization methods for more precise resulting images. Also, proposed solution uses time-domain solver to obtain measurement on multiple frequencies, for easier solving of the ill-posed problem. A two-dimensional numerical prototype is implemented. Few optimization methods are compared, yielding the covariance matrix adaptive hybrid method to be most effective.
Asynchronous changes in abundance over large scales are explained by demographic variation rather than environmental stochasticity in an invasive flagellate

Environmental stochasticity is important in explaining the persistence and establishment of invasive species, but the simultaneous effects of environmental and demographic factors are difficult to separate. Understanding how demography and environmental factors affect invasive species abundance over large temporal and spatial scales is essential to anticipate populations at risk of becoming established and setting appropriate management measures. Using a hierarchical mixed modelling approach, we analysed the spatial and interannual dynamics of the invasive raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen, a noxious flagellate which is spreading in northern Europe, in response to demographic and environmental variation. We used data from 76 lakes distributed across two biogeographical regions in Sweden (Central Plains in the south and Fennoscandian region in the north) and sampled during 14 years. We found a strong asynchrony in the density dynamics of G. semen populations between the two regions. G. semen showed positive trends (i.e. increasing frequency of high density peaks) in most southern lakes, forming established populations with recurrent blooms in successive years in some of them. In contrast, G. semen populations were smaller and more stochastic in the north. G. semen previous year's abundance, a proxy for cyst production and recruitment, had a strong control on the dynamics, likely contributing to the stability of high density populations in southern lakes. Conversely, the effects of climate and habitat were weaker and their influence varied across regions. Temperature was the limiting factor in the north whereas local habitat was more important in the south. Synthesis. A full understanding of the mechanisms driving abundance changes across large scales can only be gained if endogenous and environmental factors are analysed together. For phytoplankton species, and specially, noxious microalgae, this implies that proxies for cyst production and recruitment, which are the inoculum for next year population, should be included in e.g. distribution, bloom formation and climate models, as these may modify establishment and population response to environmental variation. Asynchronous changes in abundance across regions also indicate that management plans should be developed for small regions, as inference at a large scale may obscure the mechanisms driving local population changes.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF 14 SAMPLES IN PRUNUS SIMONII BY ISSR MOLECULAR MARKER

Genetic variation analysis of 14 samples in Prunus Simonii have been studied by adopting ISSR markers method.22 primers out of 100 have been screened out and 205 polymorphic locis were amplified,The polymorphic loci percentage was 81.95%;Molecular identification card was build to distinguish the 11samples in Prunus Simonii that can not distinguish by eyes,three polymorphic locis of three primers could detach the 11 cultivars;Clustering analysis showed the average genetic distance between genotypes of the 14 samples is 4.6632,'Weixin'has the largest distance with other cultivers,the shortest distance was appeared between 'Fengweihuanghou' and 'Fengweimeigui'. PCR amplification showed that they could be classified into 2 groups and 5 subgroups by UPGMA phylogenetic analysis while'Weixin','Fengweihuanghou','Weiwang'cultivars represented 3 different types,The gene proportion of plumof Weixin is 25% while other cultivars are more than 75%. The results analyzed by UPGMA phylogenetic analysis indicated that these 3 cultivars have distant phylogenetic relationship with other cultivars.This study would proved information for distant hybridization of plum×apricot and fine varieties breeding,the basis theory research and utility of Prunus Simonii resources.
EFFECT OF PRODUCTS, PROMOTION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF PURCHASING DECISIONS ON FIGHTING BRAND

The presence of the fighting brand is the company's strategy to capture market share. In addition to releasing superior products that already exist in the market, it is also important for companies to fill the niche of business that is still empty, one of which is by introducing the fighting brand. Soft drinking products are currently favored by various groups of old, young, and children. This research is intended to determine the significant influence of marketing factors consisting of products, promotions, and distribution on the purchasing decision of S-tee soft drink brand fighter products produced by PT. Sinar Sosro. The study used respondents who have a habit of consuming S-tee products as many as 320 people. The data analysis method uses path analysis statistical techniques, which analyze the effect of each of the variables studied. Partially, promotion and distribution variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The results also showed that 41.7% of the purchasing decisions of S-tee fighter brand products were influenced by product, promotion, and distribution, while 58.3% were influenced by other factors.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF USER-SATISFACTION WITH ON-CAMPUS RESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATION AT TAKORADI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, GHANA

The satisfaction levels of residents in two types of on-campus accommodation at Takoradi Technical University were measured and compared in this study. Attributes used to assess the levels of satisfaction were grouped under physical features, social amenities and management factors. Using a cross-sectional research design, the study utilised a structured questionnaire to obtain the views of residents in one purpose-built hostel and three halls of residence that were converted from dormitory blocks. Cluster sampling was employed to group the population according to their respective halls while a total sample of 650 students were selected by the simple random sampling method out of 1,020 residents in the 2017/ 2018 academic year. Data analysis was done with SPSS v 21 and presented as frequency tabulation, mean score rankings and Relative Satisfaction Index (RSI). The results revealed a disparity in the satisfaction levels with residents in the purpose-built hall showing a higher value (54.8 %) than their counterparts in the converted halls (44.6 %). Although the overall scores for both halls indicate a neutral stance, the individual RSI values evince that students in the purpose-built hall are more satisfied with their accommodation. Some recommendations for the improvement of residential satisfaction in the existing halls of residence include the provision of internet access (Wi-Fi) and improved water supply. The study further suggested that new halls should be built; incorporating barrier-free systems to make them accessible for all manner of persons.
"Please Help Me Find Teachers for My Rural and Remote School": A Model for Teaching Readiness

Attracting and retaining teachers in regional, rural and remote (RRR) communities has long been highlighted as problematic in Australia. With predicted growth in classrooms across the nation, it is expected that there will be increased teacher shortages in RRR communities. Specific, contextual preparation for teaching has been advocated for preservice teachers through a flexible tertiary education curriculum linked to RRR professional experiences. This current case study involves a school-university collaboration commencing after a school principal in Queensland was unable to attract teachers to his RRR school. The aim of this research was to explore the learning of five preservice teachers in a RRR school community. Data were gathered using in-depth semi-structured interviews, then analysed and discussed under three categories: community, school, and classroom. Findings indicated that the preservice teachers gained usable knowledge about the community, understanding the role of community and connecting with the community as a teacher in RRR contexts. They learned the significance of the connection between the school and the community, the importance of the teachers' relationships in supporting the students, and the role of parents and carers in the school. Finally, the preservice teachers reported they learnt pedagogical knowledge practices (e.g., planning, classroom management, and assessment), building relationships with students, differentiated instruction, supporting diversity, and teaching Indigenous students. This case study presents a cost-effective measure for ensuring RRR schools are adequately staffed and facilitating preservice teachers' achievements of the Australian Professional Standards for Teaching
A testing method for melatonin of honeybee.

Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptmine, which is produced by pineal gland in the vertebrates,is a typical photoperiodic signal neuron-hormon.In recent years,this chemical is also found in many insects.This paper gave a brief review on the measurement of melationin and a detailed RIA(radioimmunoassay) assay method.Finaly,we report some preliminary results of the melationin from honeybee head (Apis cerana Fabricius),the results showed that melatonin concentrations are related to their division of labor.
Spring Glyphosate Application for Selective Control of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum L.) on Great Basin Rangelands

Downy brome has converted millions of hectares of Great Basin rangelands from shrubland to annual grass-dominated systems. Methods for removing downy brome from sites that already have perennial grasses established are especially needed because of the difficulty in re-establishing perennial species. In this study, early spring applications of glyphosate alone and glyphosate plus imazapic were monitored for 2 yr. Cover of downy brome was reduced from 45 to 10% by spring application of glyphosate alone and to approximately 1% with the addition of imazapic. Perennial grass cover was not affected by the spring application of glyphosate. The addition of imazapic reduced perennial grass cover in the first year; however, it recovered by the second year. The selective response to glyphosate may be due to differences in growth stage or dormancy characteristics between annual and perennial species. Our findings suggest spring application of glyphosate may provide an alternative approach for managing annual grasses on Great Basin rangelands. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; imazapic; downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. BROTE. Bromus tectorum ha convertido millones de hectáreas del territorio de Great Basin de sistemas arbustivos a sistemas dominados por gramíneas anuales. Métodos que remuevan B. tectorum de sitios que ya tienen gramíneas perennes establecidas son especialmente requeridos debido a la dificultad de re-establecer especies perennes. En este estudio, aplicaciones de glyphosate solo y glyphosate más imazapic, temprano en la primavera, fueron monitoreadas durante 2 años. La cobertura de B. tectorum se redujo de 45 a 10% con la aplicación de glyphosate solo y a aproximadamente 1% con la adición de imazapic. La cobertura de gramíneas perennes no fue afectada por la aplicación de glyphosate en la primavera. La adición de imazapic redujo la cobertura de gramíneas perennes en el primer año, pero se recuperó en el segundo año. La respuesta selectiva a glyphosate podría deberse a diferencias en el estadio de desarrollo o las características de latencia entre especies anuales y perennes. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la aplicación de glyphosate en la primavera podría brindar una alternativa para el manejo de gramíneas anuales en los territorios de Great Basin.
Neurogenesis in the developing neural tube

Cell lineage and acquisition of cell type specific properties in the spinal oord, and subsequent differentiation of neurons are processes critical to the development of the embryo, but are still not well understood. Using a combination of cell culture techniques, molecular biology, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we have identified and characterized cell lineage in the spinal cord by elucidating the developmental potential, gene expression profiles, growth factor, and other culture condition requirements of a central nervous system (CNS) stem cell and its neuronal progeny. In this dissertation, I present evidence that the neuroepithelial (NEP) cell is a multipotent CNS stem cell which will self-renew in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and has the potential to generate all major phenotypes of the mature CNS. This NEP cell FGF requirement is due to the expression of critical FGF receptors and the lack of expression of other growth factor receptors, providing a molecular basis for its FGF dependence. The NEP cell generates CNS derivatives via the generation of intermediate lineage restricted precursors that differ from each other and from NEP cells. Neuronal restricted precursors (NRPs) were identified and characterized. Differentiation is influenced by extrinsic environmental signals that are stage and cell type specific. These results represent an important step toward the understanding of the differentiation process in particular and spinal cord development in general, and will ultimately aid in endeavors for gene discovery, drug screening, and therapeutic applications.
Individual and joint association of adulthood experiences and parental or teacher smoking with adolescent cigarette smoking

INTRODUCTION One limitation of the minimum legal age (MLA) law, the primary strategy for curbing youth smoking, is the rite-of-passage effect. Adulthood experiences and the behavior of surrounding adults help build ‘adult identity’ among adolescents. We examined the individual association of adulthood experience and joint association with significant adults who smoke with adolescent cigarette smoking. METHODS A nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 138542 South Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years (mean: 15 years) from the 2014 and 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey was used. Adulthood markers used were tall stature, precocious sexual development, independent living, and job experience. Parents and teachers were considered significant adults. Logistic regression analyses and relative risk due to interaction (RERI) calculations were conducted. RESULTS Tall stature (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.08–1.31), precocious sexual development (OR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.36–1.69), independent living (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.08– 1.43), and job experience (OR=4.38; 95% CI: 4.14–4.64) were associated with cigarette smoking among study participants. Statistically significant additive interactions were found for parental smoking and job experience (RERI=0.41; 95% CI: 0.06–0.76), teacher smoking and precocious development (RERI=0.71; 95% CI: 0.28–1.15), teacher smoking and independent living (RERI=0.68; 95% CI: 0.11–1.24), teacher smoking, and job experience (RERI=2.12; 95% CI: 1.66– 2.58). CONCLUSIONS The association between adulthood experience and adolescent cigarette smoking suggests the rite-of-passage effect, which may be strengthened by the MLA law. Raising the MLA to an age much higher than the normative age of adulthood initiation is required. Additionally, targeted intervention for adolescents with both adulthood experience and exposure close to adult smoking are required to curb youth smoking.
Differentiation of Two Myotis Species (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) at Caves Head, Nova Scotia, Based on Echolocation Call Characteristics

Subtle variation in echolocation call characteristics limits identification of closely related sympatric bat species acoustically. While Myotis septentrionalis is a forest interior specialist and Myotis lucifugus is a generalist, under many circumstances echolocation call characteristics overlap. During the late summer and early fall, a large migratory event involving the Hayes Cave site in Nova Scotia allowed for assessment of echolocation call structure of the two species. We captured and recorded echolocation sequences of known species by gluing a glow stick externally between the scapulae so we could visually track and acoustically record their echolocation calls. Discriminate function analysis of call characteristics yielded a protocol which resulted in a correct species identification of 96.2% for M. lucifugus and 97.5% for M. septentrionalis
Inheritance of drought tolerance in cowpea

This study was undertaken to elucidate the nature of inheritance of the two types of drought tolerance in cowpea {Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp} so that the drought tolerant can be effectively used in breeding programme. Three cowpea lines viz TVu 11986 willi ‘Type l’ drought tolerance, Dan IIa with ‘Type 2’ drought tolerance and TVu 7718 as susceptible to drought were crossed in all possible combinations. The genetic segregation revealed that drought tolerance is a dominant trait and both ‘Type I’ and ‘Type 2’ reactions are controlled by a single dominant gene but the genes are different in the two types. These are being designated as ‘Rds 1’ (resistance to drought stress) and ‘Rds 2’. Test of allelism indicated that ‘Type 1’ is dominant over ‘Type 2’ and the F2 population between the two types segregated to 3 ‘Type 1’: 1 ‘Type 2’ plants indicating that the two genes for drought tolerance are either alleles at the same locus or tightly liriked. Efforts are being made to transfer these genes into improved varieties. However, due to allelic relationship, or close lirikage, both types of drought tolerance may not be bred in the same cowpea line.
Impacto da aplicação de enzimas pectinolíticas comerciais no processamento e na qualidade de suco de maçã

A industria de processamento de suco de frutas teve um desenvolvimento espantoso ao longo dos ultimos 100 anos e invariavelmente enzimas participaram deste fenomeno, podendo ser utilizadas na maceracao, na extracao e na clarificacao. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o impacto da aplicacao de preparacoes enzimaticas (Ultrazym AFP L, Pectinex Ultra Clear, Pectinex SMASH XXL, Panzym YieldMASH) comerciais para auxiliar a etapa de maceracao visando aumentar a producao no processamento de suco de maca sobre as caracteristicas fisico e quimicas dos produtos. O suco, obtido por maceracao com adicao de enzimas na polpa, foi extraido por forca centrifuga das cultivares Fuji Suprema e Lis Gala.Esse processamento associado ao uso de tecnicas estatisticas multivariadas (PCA e HCA) permitiu verificar a acao das preparacoes enzimaticas nos parâmetros de fisico e quimicos avaliados (rendimento, viscosidade, pH, acucares, acido D-galacturonico, acidez total, turbidez, cor, perfil de compostos fenolicos, compostos fenolicos totais e capacidade antioxidante). O uso das tecnicas estatisticas multivariadas permitiu explorar e classificar de maneira a concluir a semelhanca ou a diferenca entre os produtos obtidos com ou sem as preparacoes enzimaticas. As frutas processadas em estadio de pre-maturacao da cultivar Lis Gala nao apresentaram mudancas nos parâmetros fisicos e quimicos analisados. O uso da preparacao Pectinex® SMASH XXL nao ocasionou mudancas na maioria dos sucos em relacao aos controles (sem enzimas). As outras preparacoes testadas (Pectinex Ultra Clear, Ultrazym AFPL, Panzym YieldMASH) causaram alteracoes nesses parâmetros para todos os estadios de maturacao da cultivar Fuji Suprema e para os estadios maduro e senescente da cultivar Lis Gala. O interesse nos compostos fenolicos esta vinculado a sua capacidade antioxidante, a qual contribui para a protecao dos efeitos prejudiciais do estresse oxidativo na saude humana. De acordo com o PCA e HCA, as quatro preparacoes enzimaticas utilizadas foram efetivas nos estadios verde e maduro da cultivar Lis Gala para aumentar a extracao dos compostos fenolicos e a capacidade antioxidante (FRAP). Para a Fuji Suprema todas as enzimas foram efetivas no estadio de pre-maturacao, enquanto para o estadio maduro apenas Pectinex Ultra Clear e Panzym YieldMASH foram capazes de aumentar a concentracao de fenolicos e atividade antioxidante. No estadio senescente dos frutos nao foi observada alteracao com a aplicacao das preparacoes enzimaticas, devido ao fato da presenca das enzimas endogenas, que podem minimizar ou inibir a acao da preparacao adicionada. Com os resultados encontrados destaca-se a importância de se conhecer o estadio de maturacao e a cultivar selecionada no processamento de suco para a selecao adequada da preparacao enzimatica, visando atender a eficiencia do processo e as caracteristicas do produto final.