Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Detection System for Classifying Process Behavior

Nowaday, we use computers for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating with others through email or chat programs. Not only for personal use, computers and network of computers become crucial parts of companies, organizations, governments. A lot of important information is stored in computers and transfered across networks and the Internet. Unauthorized users break into systems to have access to private information. This brings the need of a system that can detect and prevent those harmful activities. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) monitor networks and/or systems to detect malicious activities. That helps us to re-act and stop intruders. There are two types of IDSs, network-based IDSs and host-based IDSs. A network-based IDS monitors network traffic and activities to find attacks, and a host-based IDS monitors activities in a computer system to detect malicious actions. This thesis is a research on using machine learning techniques in implementing a host-based IDS that can tell us a computer process is normal (harmless) or abnormal (harmful). Three machine learning techniques are applied to Basic Security Module (BSM) log files of a Solaris system. Data sets used in experiments are from DARPA Intrusion Detection Evaluation 1998. The research provides some ways to apply Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbors and Hidden Markov Models to an IDS, and compares performances of these three methods.
Aspects of Creation of Asynchronous Oscillating Electric Drives

Squirrel-cage asynchronous motor connected to single-phase sinusoidal voltage is researched. Shown, that connecting the stator windings in a certain sequence of half-period positives and negative voltage, a motor rotor is rotated, but three times slower than in the three-phase mode. Using the connecting sequence of halfperiod voltage to stator windings, motor can work in the oscillating mode. It is tested experimentally. Characteristics of stator winding current I and active power P depending on voltage U of motor in rotation mode for no-load and broken rotor cases are taken off.
Science, style and the study of community structure : an example from the Central Mississippi River Valley

The general purpose of this book is to help in the building and refining of theory and methods for studying the past. In one sense, empirical results about the past are by-products of theory construction, part of the iterative process in which we evaluate how well our explanatory system can account for the material world. This study presents just one part in the overall sequences of studies that address the processes that produce variability in stylistic frequencies. It is through this kind of continued experimentation that we will enjoy the fruit of knowledge building: archaeology as an historical science.
Attention/Memory Impairment is Correlated with Motor Speech Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease

Background The mechanisms underlying the online modulation of motor speech in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have not been determined. Moreover, medical and rehabilitation interventions for PD-associated motor speech disorder (MSD) have a poor long-term prognosis. Methods To compare risk factors in PD patients with MSD to those without MSD (non-MSD) and determine predictive independent risk factors correlated with the MSD phenotype, we enrolled 314 PD patients, including 250 with and 64 without MSD. We compared demographic, characteristic data, as well as PD-associated evaluations between the MSD group and non-MSD group. Results Univariate analysis showed that demographic characteristics, including occupation, educational level, monthly income and speaking background; clinical characteristics, including lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes, and concurrent dysphagia; and PD-associated evaluations, including the activity of daily living (ADL) score, non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) domain 4 score (perceptual problem), and NMSS domain 5 score (attention/memory) were all significantly different between the MSD and non-MSD group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, frontal lesions, and NMSS domain 5 score (attention/memory) were independent risk factors for PD-associated MSD (all P < 0.005). Conclusions We determined an association between MSD phenotype and cognitive impairment, reflected by low-level education and related clinical profiles. Moreover, attention and memory dysfunction may play key roles in the progression of MSD in PD patients. Further studies are required to detail the mechanism underlying abnormal speech motor modulation in PD patients. Early cognitive intervention may enhance rehabilitation management and motor speech function in patients with PD-associated MSD.
The Determinants of Quality in Accounting Information System: A Case of SMEs in Sibu Sarawak

Accounting Information System (AIS) plays a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of business operations and the quality of management or investors’ decision-making. The quality of AIS is of concerned by many parties including management, investors, auditors and so forth. Quality of AIS will affects the reliability of the accounting information within an organization. Hence, this study was implemented to investigate the relationship of determinants (Management commitment, Knowledge management, User or employees’ training, and Organizational culture) toward the quality of AIS among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Sibu, Sarawak. The primary data was collected via questionnaire method disseminated using Google Form. The population of this case study were accountants or managers from SMEs located in Sibu, Sarawak. The sample size was 142 which selected via random sampling method. The finding of the study indicates that management commitment and user or employees’ training had positive impact on the quality of AIS. This study is helpful in gaining a greater understanding of the determinants that will affect the quality of AIS among SMEs in Sibu. Furthermore, the study provides related parties such as management, novice users and auditors a better insight into the AIS implementation and quality in Sibu, Sarawak. Finally, the case study will give related parties a clear direction to implement effective efforts in improving the AIS quality.
Computational modeling and simulation study of electronic and thermal properties in semiconductor nanostructures

The technological progress in dimensional scaling has not only kept Silicon CMOS industry on Moore's law for the past five decades but has also benefited many other areas such as thermoelectricity, photo-voltaics, and energy storage. Extending CMOS beyond Si (More Moore, MM) and adding functional diversity to CMOS (More Than Moore, MTM) requires a thorough understanding of the basic electron and heat flow in semiconductors. Along with experiments computer modeling and simulation are playing an increasingly vital role in exploring the numerous possibilities in materials, devices and systems. With these aspects in mind the present work applies computational physics modeling and simulations to explore the, (i) electronic, (ii) thermal, and (iii) thermoelectric properties in nano-scale semiconductors. The electronic structure of zinc-blende and lead-chalcogenide nano-materials is calculated using an atomistic Tight-Binding model. The phonon dispersion in zinc-blende materials is obtained using the Modified Valence Force Field model. Electronic and thermal transport at the nano-scale is explored using Green's function method and Landauer's method. Thermoelectric properties of semiconductor nanostructures are calculated using Landauer's method. Using computer modeling and simulations the variation of the three physical properties (i-iii) are explored with varying size, transport orientation, shape, porosity, strain and alloying of nanostructures. The key findings are, (a) III-Vs and Ge with optimized strain and orientation can improve transistors' and thermoelectric performance, (b) porous Si nanowires provide a lucrative idea for enhancing the thermoelectric efficiency at room temperature, and (c) Si/Ge superlattice nanowires can be used for nano-scale tuning of lattice thermal conductivity by period control. The present work led to the development of two new interface trap density extraction methods in ultra-scaled FinFETs and correlation of the phonon shifts in Si nanowires to their shape, size and orientation benchmarked against experimental Raman spectroscopy data, thereby enabling nano-scale metrology. Contribution of two research and six educational tools on nanoHUB.org forms an integral part of the work for global dissemination of semiconductor knowledge. Atomic level manipulation holds the key to engineer material properties at the nano-scale. The findings of this work will hopefully open and guide new ways of engineering the electronic and thermal properties for better performance.
Analysis and development of cable-driven robotic devices

The design of a mechanical system is often the result of an optimization process, aimed to obtain the best performances inside a given task space under fixed constraints. Due to the unilateral actuation, cable-based devices possess specific features that make some of the tools commonly used in robotics completely unsuitable, thus requiring the definition of specific tools for analysis and design rules. Even though several examples of geometrical, kinematic and dynamic performance indices have been introduced as analysis tools in the last years, only few authors proposed rigorous design methodologies. Traditional approaches seek to find the optimal set of design parameters by maximizing the robot capabilities inside a given reference workspace. However, since most of the properties of cable-based devices depend on both robot geometry (i.e., number and disposition of cable attachment points) and cable configuration (i.e., directions of cables in the end-effector reference frame), the capabilities of a given robot are extremely variable throughout the workspace. Thus, the structure of traditional devices often appears cumbersome if compared to the useful workspace they have been designed for. The aim of this work is first to present a set of local, configuration dependent performance indices that properly characterize cable-based devices. Then, a new methodology is described to obtain effective, well-tailored designs. The formulated design paradigm takes advantage of the introduction of moving pulley-blocks, leading to the definition of a new class of cable devices defined as adaptive cable-based devices. In the first half of this thesis, the new methodology is described in detail, and a numerical validation is performed by solving simple case-studies. In order to empirically validate the proposed methodology, the first prototype of Adaptive cable-based device has been designed and developed. The second half of this thesis deals with layout definition, mechanical design and control system design of the Sophia-3 prototype. Finally, results from the first experimental tests on the new device are reported.
State-of-the-Art for Assessing Earthquake Hazards in the United States. Report 24. WES RASCAL Code for Synthesizing Earthquake Ground Motions.

Abstract : A computer code (RASCAL) has been developed to provide realistic predictions of ground motion parameters for applications to earthquake engineering risk assessment. The code incorporates random vibration theory (RVT) to calculate peak value of acceleration and velocity in addition to response spectra for specified earthquake source and propagation path parameters. To generate synthetic time histories, the code combines the phase spectra from observed strong motion records to a theoretical Brune modulus. The above techniques are also employed to produce an acceleration time history whose response spectrum matches a specified target or design response spectrum.
The Pons As Region of Reference For Intensity Normalization In Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Brain 18FDG PET: Application to Metabolic Changes Related to Ageing in Conventional and Digital Control Databases

Background: To define the most appropriate region for intensity normalization in brain 18FDG PET analysis through ageing.Brain metabolic changes related to ageing were evaluated in two populations of healthy controls who underwent conventional (n=56) or digital (n=78) 18FDG PET/CT. The median correlation coefficients between age and the metabolism of each 120 atlas brain region were reported for 120 distinct intensity normalizations (according to the 120 regions). SPM linear regression analyses with age were performed on most significant normalizations (FWE, p<0.05). Results: The cerebellum and pons were the two sole regions showing median coefficients of correlation with age less than -0.5. With SPM, the intensity normalization through the pons provided at least 1.7- and 2.5-fold more significant cluster volumes than other normalizations for conventional and digital PET respectively. Conclusions: The pons is the most appropriate area for brain 18FDG PET intensity normalization for examining the metabolic changes through ageing.
The Development of the UAE Federal Higher Education System: Main Characteristics and Influences

This study examines the impact of globalization on the newly-adopted, American-based federal higher education model of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through the lenses of World Polity theory. The higher education environment has been transformed by shared global ideas and policy models. In many developing countries, higher education is perceived to be central to socio-political and economic development. The federal higher education system in the (UAE) represented by the three federal universities - United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Higher Colleges of Technology (HCT), and Zayed University (ZU) - is tasked not only with educating UAE nationals, but also with the “Emiritization” or nationalization of the labor market, which is highly dependent on foreign expatriates. The UAE has made a transformational shift in its federal higher education model by replacing its Arabic-based model with English-based instruction and American curricula. Some UAE public universities sought and were granted accreditation by US regional accrediting bodies. This study was focused on the three UAE federal universities to identify the main characteristics of the newly adopted model and the extent to which it draws on western and indigenous models and principles, and to validate the global reach of higher education ideas and values to the environment other than those where they originated from. The research investigates various issues related to higher education development including the socio-cultural and organizational aspects of it. The research questions are not only significant to the UAE but they also address key issues that are especially sensitive yet similarly applicable across the Gulf region and similar developing countries. The findings reveal that in the UAE the profound cultural and religious differences reflecting local and national path dependencies are undercut by dominant western models of higher education. While the US and the UAE differ in their values, culture, level of development, several aspects of the higher education model look quite similar. These similar aspects were not mandated, but communicated, and governed by the culture of a global higher education exchange. The world polity of higher education has played a key role in sustaining and promulgating a common culture to nations and communities around the world.
A Framework for Dialogue Act Specication

This is a discussion document, intended to prepare the ground for the construction of a registry ofdialogue act speci cations, as one of the activities in the Task Domain Group on Semantic ContentRepresentation within the International Standards Organisation (ISO/TC 37/SC 4/TDG 3),Thisdocument outlinesanumberof fundamentaland practicalissuesthat havetobe addressedin developing a repository of dialogue acts, focusing on the following: How do we de ne dialogue acts? How do dialogue acts relate to speech acts, communicativeacts, and other such concepts?  What uses of dialogue acts do we envisage, that should be supported by a repository ofdialogue acts? What requirements on dialogue act speci cation follow from potential usesof dialogue acts?  How do dialogue act concepts relate to linguistic and multimodal communicative behaviour? What about language- and culture- dependence?  What criteria are relevant for identifying a particular class of dialogue acts?  In designing a system of dialogue act types, what are the criteria for structuring the system? How do existing dialogue act taxonomies relate to such criteria?  What information types are useful in characterising dialogue acts in a repository?  What has already been done that we can reuse?
A two-stage normalization method for robust differential expression analysis in microarray experiments.

In this research, we introduce an approach to improve the reliability of genetic data analysis. Consistency of the results obtained from microarray data analysis strongly relies on elimination of non-biological variations during data normalization process. Instability in Housekeeping Gene (HKG) expression after performing common normalization methods might be an indication of inefficiency potentially resulting in sampling bias in differential expression analysis. This research aims to reduce the sampling bias in microarray experiments proposing a two-stage normalization algorithm. Proposed approach consists of non-linear Quantile normalization at the first stage and linear HKG based normalization at the second stage. We tested the efficiency of the two-stage normalization method using publicly available microarray datasets obtained from the experiments mainly in the field of reproductive biology. Results show that combined Robust Multiarray Average (RMA) and HKG normalization method reduces the sampling bias in experiments when variations in HKG expression is observed after RMA normalization.
A comparison between classification statistical models and neural networks with application on Palestine data

The paper has used labor force as dependent variable which contains two categories (Employment and Unemployment) and 8 independent variables. The results regarding the application of the correct classification technique to assess the accuracy of the three classification methods in predicting the labor force of have shown it was found that Artificial Neural Networks gave the best accuracy in prediction with (82.7%), 79.5% for Discriminant Analysis and (81.6%) for Logistic Regression. Furthermore, ROC curve technique has been applied to evaluate the accuracy of the three classification methods in predicting the labor force. It has been found that Artificial Neural Networks gave the best accuracy in prediction with (85.5%), (72.8%) for Discriminant Analysis and (81.7%) for Logistic Regression. In addition, Artificial Neural Network gave the best results in prediction with 82.7% accuracy, and less error rate with 0.173. Meanwhile, the Discriminant analysis model has shown 79.5% accuracy, and 0.205 error rate. Logistic Regression has shown 81.5% accuracy, 69.8% sensitivity and 0.183 error rate. These results demonstrate that Artificial Neural Network could be the most powerful analytical technique for the variables with two categories.
Establishing a UniversityGrid for HPC Applications

This thesis documents a project undertaken at the University of Huddersfield between October 2009 and August 2010 to setup a High Performance Computing (HPC) resource, which would serve the University’s research community by providing a robust computing solution. This thesis will look at all the various kinds of requirements different fields have, with regard to a computing solution, and the tools available to meet these specific needs. This report serves as a manual for any small to medium sized institution that considers setting up a local HPC resource. It looks at all considerations regarding hardware, software, licensing, infrastructure, HR etc for setting up a centralised computing resource with sustainability and robustness being the central aim of the proposed resource. The possibilities of cross-continent and cross-institution collaboration using Clusters and Grid technologies are explored and the method for connecting to the UK eScience community through the NGS is explained.
Exposure to Violence as an Environmental Pathway Linking Low Socioeconomic Status with Altered Neural Processing of Threat and Adolescent Psychopathology

Abstract Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk for psychopathology, in part because of heightened exposure to environmental adversity. Adverse experiences can be characterized along dimensions, including threat and deprivation, that contribute to psychopathology via distinct mechanisms. The current study investigated a neural mechanism through which threat and deprivation may contribute to socioeconomic disparities in psychopathology. Participants were 177 youths (83 girls) aged 10–13 years recruited from a cohort followed since the age of 3 years. SES was assessed using the income-to-needs ratio at the age of 3 years. At the age of 10–13 years, retrospective and current exposure to adverse experiences and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed. At this same time point, participants also completed a face processing task (passive viewing of fearful and neutral faces) during an fMRI scan. Lower childhood SES was associated with greater exposure to threat and deprivation experiences. Both threat and deprivation were associated with higher depression symptoms, whereas threat experiences were uniquely linked to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Greater exposure to threat, but not deprivation, was associated with higher activation in dorsomedial pFC to fearful compared with neutral faces. The dorsomedial pFC is a hub of the default mode network thought to be involved in internally directed attention and cognition. Experiences of threat, but not deprivation, are associated with greater engagement of this region in response to threat cues. Threat-related adversity contributes to socioeconomic disparities in adolescent psychopathology through distinct mechanisms from deprivation.
Hidden and Exposed Nodes and Medium Access Control in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

A lot of research has taken place in the field of MANETs but it still has a lot of issues that need to be addressed for its proper and multi-purpose utilization. Design of MAC protocols is a very important element in solving some of the issues. A well designed MAC protocol should be able to maintain the fairness among nodes and deal with Hidden and Exposed Nodes. This paper explains the basics of the Ad-Hoc networks, hidden and exposed nodes problem, a general background that explains how IEEE 802.11 deals with these issues. This paper also proposes novel ideas to make the network aware of the communication and use the variable transmission range to avoid interference/collision.