Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cellular structure of a two-dimensional H2/O2/Ar detonation wave

In this paper, the cellular structure of a two-dimensional detonation wave in a low pressure H2/O2/Ar mixture calculated with a detailed chemical reaction model, high order scheme and high resolution grids is investigated. The regular cellular structure is produced about 1 ms after introducing perturbations in the reaction zone of a steady one-dimensional detonation wave. It is found from the present resolution study that the discrepancies concerning the structure type arising from the coarser grid employed can be resolved using a sufficiently fine grid size of 0.05 mm and below and shows a double-Mach-like strong-type configuration. During the structure evolution process, the structure configuration does not change much in the periods before and after the triple point collision. Through the triple point collision, three regular collision processes are observed and are followed by a quick change to the double-Mach-like configuration. The simulated structure tracks show that there are three different tracks associated with different triple points or the kink on the transverse wave. Comparisons with previous work and experiments indicate the presence of a strong structure for an ordinary detonation.
Realizing and adiabatically preparing bosonic integer and fractional quantum Hall states in optical lattices

We study the ground states of 2D lattice bosons in an artificial gauge field. Using state of the art DMRG simulations we obtain the zero temperature phase diagram for hardcore bosons at densities $n_b$ with flux $n_\phi$ per unit cell, which determines a filling $\nu=n_b/n_\phi$. We find several robust quantum Hall phases, including (i) a bosonic integer quantum Hall phase (BIQH) at $\nu=2$, that realizes an interacting symmetry protected topological phase in 2D (ii) bosonic fractional quantum Hall phases including robust states at $\nu=2/3$ and a Laughlin state at $\nu=1/2$. The observed states correspond to the bosonic Jain sequence ($\nu=p/(p+1)$) pointing towards an underlying composite fermion picture. In addition to identifying Hamiltonians whose ground states realize these phases, we discuss their preparation beginning from independent chains, and ramping up interchain couplings. Using time dependent DMRG simulations, these are shown to reliably produce states close to the ground state for experimentally relevant system sizes. Besides the wave-function overlap, we utilize a simple physical signature of these phases, the non-monotonic behavior of a two-point correlation, a direct consequence of edge states in a finite system, to numerically assess the effectiveness of the preparation scheme. Our proposal only utilizes existing experimental capabilities.
Encoding Attitude and Connotation in wordnets

The Danish wordnet, DanNet, though part of the global WordNet family, contains some information types that are not generally provided in wordnets such as qualia roles and connotation of words. Connotation is seen as the set of associations implied by a lexeme in addition to its primary, literary meaning; it is evoked by one (or more) particular feature of the entity referred to and suggests attitudes, emotions and opinions like admiration or disapproval. Thus, lexemes with a connotation have an observable pragmatic effect in texts making them subjective or opinionated. In the paper, we discuss the relevance of connotation information in lexicons for computational applications in general and present the set of encoded semantic information exemplified by empirical data. We focus on a particular ontological type of entities, namely humans with the focus on selected hyponyms of person that are encoded with a connotation value and discuss the prototypical properties evoking positive or negative connotations. The qualia structure based approach enables to encode both the prevalent, connotation evoking features and prototypical activities of the person. The material encoded with connotation so far consist of 650 nouns and comprises a male, a female and a gender-neutral group, thus it lends itself to comparative examinations concerning the distribution of connotation evoking features and polarity distribution within each individual group and between the groups as well. One of the most striking observations says that (in our material) the negative connotation polarity is predominant; the most important feature of female persons seems to be their positive appearance, and a general disparaging attitude dominates as regards the conduct and manners of male persons.
Graphene field emission devices

Graphene field emission devices are fabricated using a scalable process. The field enhancement factors, determined from the Fowler-Nordheim plots, are within few hundreds and match the theoretical predictions. The devices show high emission current density of ∼10 nA μm−1 at modest voltages of tens of volts. The emission is stable with time and repeatable over long term, whereas the noise in the emission current is comparable to that from individual carbon nanotubes emitting under similar conditions. We demonstrate a power law dependence of emission current on pressure which can be utilized for sensing. The excellent characteristics and relative ease of making the devices promise their great potential for sensing and electronic applications.
Characteristics of Sitting Balance and Trunk Muscle Endurance in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

The purpose of this study was to compare the static balance in a sitting position between a group with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and a normal aged-matched group. Forty-nine subjects were included in this study. Thirty-one healthy subjects and eighteen AIS subjects were participated. Each group was tested with the Lumbar Trunk Muscle Endurance Test (LTMET) and Balance Performance Monitor (BPM). The parameters for static balance were sway area, sway path, mean balance, maximum velocity, anterior-posterior angle, and left-right angle of each group with eyes opened and closed. Results from the LTMET showed significantly more increase in the normal group than in the AIS group in the flexor and extensor endurance. The BPM tested showed significantly difference beteen the groups in parameters of sitting balance such as maximum velocity and anterior-posterior sway angle. For the AIS subjects, there were no significant differences in all parameters of sitting balance between eyes opened and eyes closed. In comparisons of the groups with eyes opened there were no significant differences in all parameters of sitting balance. In comparisons of the groups with eyes closed there were significant differences in the sway area, maximum velocity, anterior-posterior sway angle and left-right sway angle. These results suggest that the AIS group relies much more on proprioception than on vision, and develops compensatory passive postures of the spine. Further study is needed to measure many AIS patients with morphologic and electromyographic data for clinical application.
Developing a MATLAB® Toolbox for MWM Buck-boost Converter Analysis and Design

This paper introduces a MATLAB toolbox for analysis and design of a novel buck-boost topology suggested by Miao, Wang and Ma (MWM). The developed toolbox solves the converterâ€™s nonlinear differential equations and draws the circuitâ€™s different waveforms. So, component selection can be done by using the obtained waveformâ€™s maximum, average, etc. Developed software also calculates the small signaltransfer functions. Obtained transfer functions aretransferred to MATLABâ€™s workspace so the controllerdesign can be done easily using MATLABâ€™s controlsystem toolbox. Contact the corresponding author toreceive the software.
Discussion on Robust Control Applied to Active Magnetic Bearing Rotor System

Since the 1980s, a stream of papers has appeared on system uncertainties and robust control. The robust control relies on H∞ control and μ synthesis rather than previously favored linear-quadratic Gaussian control. However, highly mathematical techniques have been difficult to apply without dedicated tools. The new methods have been consolidated in the practical applications with the appearance of software toolboxes, such as Robust Control Toolbox from Matlab. This chapter focuses on the application of this toolbox to the active magnetic bearing (AMB) suspension system for high-speed rotors. AMBs are employed in high-speed rotating machines such as turbo compressors, flywheels, machine tools, molecular pumps, and others (Schweitzer & Maslen, 2009). The support of rotors using an active magnetic field instead of mechanical forces of the fluid film, contact rolling element, or ball bearings enables high-speed operation and lower friction losses. Other major advantages of AMBs include no lubrication, long life, programmable stiffness and damping, built-in monitoring and diagnostics, and availability of automatic balancing. However, AMB rotor system forms an open-loop unstable, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) coupled plant with uncertain dynamics that can change over time and that can vary significantly at different rotational speeds. In practical systems, the sensors are not collocated with the actuators, and therefore, the plant cannot always be easily decoupled. Additionally, the control systems face a plethora of external disturbances. The major drawback of an AMB technology is a difficulty in designing a high-performance reliable control and its implementation. For such systems, the μ and H∞ control approaches offer useful tools for designing a robust control (Moser, 1993; Zhou et al., 1996). The high-performance and high-precision control for the nominal plant without uncertainties can be realized by using model-based, high-order controllers. In the case of control synthesis, which is based on the uncertain plant model, there is a tradeoff between the nominal performance (timeand frequency-domain specifications) and the robustness. The modeled uncertainties cannot be too conservative or otherwise obtaining practical controllers might be not feasible (Sawicki & Maslen, 2008). Moreover, too complex uncertainty models lead to increased numerical complexity in the control synthesis. The models applied for the control 10
mFisheries: Lessons in First Cycle Design of a Context-Appropriate Mobile Application Suite

The impact of technological innovation on mobile telephony is evident. The development of mobile web as a platform in particular has benefited from rapid expansion and consistent advances regarding information and communication infrastructure, services and applications. The increasing ubiquity and affordability of mobile devices indicate that the users’ expectations are also evolving. Mobile application markets have emerged as a major player to support user experience in meaningful ways, as they often provide a selection of independent programs that cater to the individual’s needs and desires. Though most mobile applications have focused on commercial opportunities, there is also interest in those that target human development opportunities. Nevertheless, the question of how the application of a disruptive technology such as the mobile phone can be applied to development in the Caribbean region remains obscure as there is little by way of case studies to craft a formal strategy. The mFisheries project 2009-2012 allowed a team of mobile application designers and developers from The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine to explore the design, development and implementation of a mobile intervention targeting first-time users in the small-scale fisheries sector of Trinidad and Tobago.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO INTESTINAL DIGESTIBILITY ASSAY FOR RUMINANT FEEDS

Current cattle diet formulation models rely on library estimates of intestinal digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates to predict metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (MP) supply (NRC, 2001; Fox et al., 2004; Tylutki et al., 2008). As models become more accurate and precise in the prediction of nutrient supply and evaluation of requirements and nutrient balance, greater scrutiny will be placed on inputs currently relegated to static library values. Although CP is not a functional dietary nutrient for cattle, many diets are still formulated on this metric, creating confusion due to inadequate information provided by the value, especially with regard to MP supply and amino acid availability. As diets are formulated to be closer to MP requirements and subsequently lower in CP, accurate estimates of intestinal digestibility (ID) of protein and amino acids are increasingly important to ensure an adequate supply of those nutrients. Application of outdated feed library values to all feeding conditions can lead to underand over-estimations of MP and amino acid supply, resulting in variation from expected production. This paper describes the re-development of an in-vitro intestinal digestion (IVID) assay for protein containing feeds used in ruminant nutrition, including intact commercially available feeds designed to resist rumen degradation. The methods used were developed to provide adequate sample size, minimize sample loss, and to allow for standardization of enzyme activity and concentration. The assay contains positive and negative controls to evaluate standardization among and within laboratories.
The Applicability of the Theory of Planned-Behavior in Predicting the Intention to Exclusive Breast-feeding among Pregnant Women in Qom in 2014

Background and Objective: Despite global efforts to increase the exclusive breast-feeding, this rate is still undesirable. This study aimed to determine the applicability of the theory of planned-behavior in predicting intention to exclusive breast-feeding for six months among pregnant women in Qom in 2014. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 240 pregnant women in Qom in 2014. Sampling was done through cluster sampling method. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS (version16) statistical software using correlation, one-way ANOVA, independent T-test and linear regression. Results: The findings showed that 92.5% of pregnant women intended to e breast-fed exclusivelyfor six months after delivery. All three structures attitude (r= 0.63, p less-than 0.001), subjective norms (r = 0.38, p less-than 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (r= 0.42, p less-than 0.001) had a significant correlation with intention. Among the variables entered into the regression model, attitude and perceived behavioral control were able to predict 43 percent of variance of intent on exclusive breast-feeding among participants (F= 60.75, R= 0.66, R2= 0.43). Conclusion: Since the attitudes and perceived behavioral control were the significant predictors of intention of exclusive breast-feeding, considering the factors in breast-feeding educational interventions during pregnancy is essential. Key words: Exclusive breast-feeding, Theory of planned-behavior, Pregnant women Funding: This study was funded by Iran University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences approved the study. How to cite this article: Rahimi T, Dehdari T, Faryabi R, Ghazvinian L. The Applicability of the Theory of Planned-Behavior in Predicting the Intention to Exclusive Breast-feeding among Pregnant Women in Qom in 2014. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(4): 299-310. [Farsi]
Diagnosis and proposals for tables adapted to wheelchair users: a case study on usability in a childhood and teenage care institution

This article aims to evaluate a table design adaptable for wheelchair users. This type of furniture is needed in educational spaces, rehabilitation institutes and even in homes, to perform various tasks. We used the case study approach, in which the assessed usage scenarios were located in an institution that offers treatment for children and adolescents with multiple kinds of disabilities, located in a medium-sized Brazilian city. A number of constraints for users and professionals were found, especially in regard to the adjustment of moving parts, appearance and the structure general instability. The assays resulted in alternative suggestions to improve the product, given the diversity of purposes by their users. Also, the need for the product's users participation (and other role players also present on this interaction) in the development process was evidenced.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Ethnic Inequalities in Child Protection and Out-of-Home Care Intervention Rates

This paper examines the interlocking roles of ethnicity and deprivation in producing inequities in the proportion of children who are subject to state child protection interventions. In contrast to the USA, ethnic inequities have had little attention in research or policy in the UK and across Europe, and administrative data are limited and methodologically weak. A study of over 10 per cent of all children on child protection plans or who were looked after in out-of-home care in England in March 2012 is reported. Children from ethnic minority categories were much more likely than 'White' children to be living in disadvantaged areas and this has to be taken into account when examining intervention rates. Controlling for deprivation and examining small subgroups of the broad ethnic categories radically alters the simple understanding that 'Black' children are overrepresented compared to White amongst children in out-of-home care, while 'Asian' children are underrepresented. While this study could not explain these patterns, it reinforces the importance of both socio-economic circumstances and ethnicity for understanding inequities in intervention rates. The evidence underlines the powerful moral and economic case for action to reduce inequities in powerful state interventions in family life, not only in England, but internationally.
Statistical Models for Time Use Data : An Application to Housework and Childcare Activities Using the Austrian Time Use Surveys from 2008 and 1992

Time use research analyses usually the total amount of time which is devoted to a certain activity on a given day. This variable is non-negative, there may be many persons not engaging in the activity on the survey day and the distribution is often right-skewed. The exact shape of the distribution is strongly dependent on the activity under investigation and characteristics of the analysed population. The statistical analysis requires models which account for the characteristics of time use data and which are flexible enough to accommodate distributions of different shapes. In this thesis I analyse changes in the time use of men and women for housework and childcare activities using the Austrian time use surveys from 1992 and 2008. Several statistical models are used and compared: The linear model, the Tobit model for censored data as well as generalized linear models with a negative binomial and a Poissongamma distribution as random components. The generalized linear model with a Poisson-gamma random component turns out to be a particular useful tool in time use research: It is flexible enough to provide a reasonable fit for most distributions and in particular also for activities with a large number of
Searches for Prompt $R$-Parity-Violating Supersymmetry at the LHC

Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) at the LHC frequently assume the conservation of -parity in their design, optimization, and interpretation. In the case that -parity is not conserved, constraints on SUSY particle masses tend to be weakened with respect to -parity-conserving models. We review the current status of searches for -parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry models at the ATLAS and CMS experiments, limited to 8 TeV search results published or submitted for publication as of the end of March 2015. All forms of renormalisable RPV terms leading to prompt signatures have been considered in the set of analyses under review. Discussing results for searches for prompt -parity-violating SUSY signatures summarizes the main constraints for various RPV models from LHC Run I and also defines the basis for promising signal regions to be optimized for Run II. In addition to identifying highly constrained regions from existing searches, also gaps in the coverage of the parameter space of RPV SUSY are outlined.
Solving the conundrum of intervening strong MgII absorbers towards GRBs and quasars

Previous studies have shown that the incidence rate of intervening strong MgII absorbers towards GRBs were a factor of 2 - 4 higher than towards quasars. Exploring the similar sized and uniformly selected legacy data sets XQ-100 and XSGRB, each consisting of 100 quasar and 81 GRB afterglow spectra obtained with a single instrument (VLT/X-shooter), we demonstrate that there is no disagreement in the number density of strong MgII absorbers with rest-frame equivalent widths $W_r^{2796} >$ 1 {\AA} towards GRBs and quasars in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 5. With large and similar sample sizes, and path length coverages of $\Delta$z = 57.8 and 254.4 for GRBs and quasars, respectively, the incidences of intervening absorbers are consistent within 1 sigma uncertainty levels at all redshifts. For absorbers at z < 2.3 the incidence towards GRBs is a factor of 1.5$\pm$0.4 higher than the expected number of strong MgII absorbers in SDSS quasar spectra, while for quasar absorbers observed with X-shooter we find an excess factor of 1.4$\pm$0.2 relative to SDSS quasars. Conversely, the incidence rates agree at all redshifts with reported high spectral resolution quasar data, and no excess is found. The only remaining discrepancy in incidences is between SDSS MgII catalogues and high spectral resolution studies. The rest-frame equivalent width distribution also agrees to within 1 sigma uncertainty levels between the GRB and quasar samples. Intervening strong MgII absorbers towards GRBs are therefore neither unusually frequent, nor unusually strong.
A high-redshift quasar absorber without C IV. A galactic outflow caught in the act?

We present a detailed analysis of a very unusual sub-damped Lyman alpha (sub-DLA) system at redshift z=2.304 towards the quasar Q0453-423, based on high signal-to-noise (S/N), high-resolution spectral data obtained with VLT/UVES. With a neutral hydrogen column density of log N(HI)=19.23 and a metallicity of -1.61 as indicated by [OI/HI] the sub-DLA mimics the properties of many other optically thick absorbers at this redshift. A very unusual feature of this system is, however, the lack of any CIV absorption at the redshift of the neutral hydrogen absorption, although the relevant spectral region is free of line blends and has very high S/N. Instead, we find high-ion absorption from CIV and OVI in another metal absorber at a velocity more than 220km/s redwards of the neutral gas component. We explore the physical conditions in the two different absorption systems using Cloudy photoionisation models. We find that the weakly ionised absorber is dense and metal-poor while the highly ionised system is thin and more metal-rich. The absorber pair towards Q0453-423 mimics the expected features of a galactic outflow with highly ionised material that moves away with high radial velocities from a (proto)galactic gas disk in which star-formation takes place. We discuss our findings in the context of CIV absorption line statistics at high redshift and compare our results to recent galactic-wind and outflow models.