Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social-identity and self-efficacy concern for disability labels

Educational policy in the UK has moved towards inclusion (Lindsay, 2003), resulting in debate over the use of disability labels (Lauchlan & Boyle, 2007). Labelling influences social–identity (Olney & Brockelman, 2003), this paper suggests ocial–identity influences self–efficacy and, therefore, academic performance (Zimmerman, 1996, 2001). To investigate if past performance of in–group members will influence students’ self–efficacy beliefs.A convenience sample of 30 undergraduates was recruited, half of whom were dyslexic. Participants were split equally into three conditions and informed of either high–dyslexic or high nondyslexic performance or were kept naive of past performance. Scores for efficacy beliefs were taken and analysed for differences between conditions.For dyslexic participants both the high–dyslexic and high non–dyslexic performance conditions resulted in significantly differing self–efficacy scores when compared to dyslexic participants in the control group. Scores also significantly differed for non–dyslexic participants in the high–dyslexic performance compared to non–dyslexic controls, for one self–efficacy scale, however, no significant differences were found between non–dyslexic’s in the control condition and those in the high non–dyslexic performance condition.While, dyslexic students showed predicted differences in efficacy scores relative to in–group member’s performance. For non–dyslexic students, a significant d fference was only found for those in the high–dyslexic performance condition. Therefore, results suggest that dyslexic students’ self–efficacy was influenced by social identity. For non–dyslexics this was not the case. The small number of participant’s percondition and the impact of stereotyping are suggested as mitigating predicted significant differences in selfefficacy scores for non–dyslexics. The effect of past dyslexic performance on dyslexic self–efficacy scores is described in relation to disability labels. Due to alternative theoretical explications for data trends found, and methodological limitations the study’s principal conclusion is the need to expand on findings demonstrated.
Direct Dark Matter Searches

For many working in particle physics and cosmology successful discovery and characterisation of the new particles that most likely explain the non-baryonic cold dark matter, known to comprise the majority of matter in the Universe, would be the most significant advance in physics for a century. Reviewed here is the current status of direct searches for such particles, in particular the so-called weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), together with a brief overview of the possible future direction of the field extrapolated from recent advances. Current best limits are at or below 10 -7 pb for spin-independent neutralino coupling, sufficient that experiments are already probing SUSY models. However, new detectors with tonne-scale mass and/or capability to correlate signal events to our motion through the Galaxy will likely be needed to determine finally whether WIMPs exist.
The mean stress influence on lifetime under high-cycle fatigue combined loading

This paper summarizes the results from the field of combined loading. This study builds on experiments that have been performed during the last ten years and provides information on sinusoidal in-phase stress components and tenseness distribution. Unfortunately, there is no exact method for estimating the damage caused by already known stress history. The main aim of experimental works was to determine the analytical form of Haigh diagrams and analytical expression of terminal lines equations. This article deals with different combinations of tension and torsion pre-stresses and contains results of experiments carried out in the laboratory of Institute of Thermomechanics in Pilsen. The lifetime curves (S-N curves) for combined pre-stress for different damage effect of normal and shear stress components have been obtained. The final results have been compiled and displayed at the threedimensional Haigh diagram with normalized coordinates. The terminal lines equations are solved by non-linear regression by Fletcher’s version of the Levenberg-Maquardt algorithm for the minimization of a sum of squares of equation residuals.
Resistance of Nanoparticles Embedded Electrospun Nanofiber

Electrospinning produces nanofibers with diameters ranging from 200-500 nm under 10-20 KV at 10-20 cm distances, and if these nanofibers were composed of polymers like PVA or PVP, they are usually nonconductive with resistances too larger to measure on ordinary meter. One way to change the conductivity of nanofibers is to add nanoparticles. We produce Fe3O4 nanoparticles with polyols method, and mix these diameters ranging from 2050 nm nanoparticles with PVP into electrospinning process on a double knife edge receptor set up. We found the current between the two knife edges of 0.005 g of nanofibers and nanoparticles is around 20 nA at 50 V bias, and based on estimations of nanofiber diameter and number, the resistance of each individual nanoparticles containing nanofibers can be estimated.
Association between types of coping strategies adopted following HIV seroconversion and disclosure of HIV status, between 2002 and 2009, Zimbabwe

People who were seronegative on their first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing may react differently to being seropositive on subsequent testing (seroconversion) compared to those who were HIV seropositive at their first HIV testing. In both cases, disclosure of a positive HIV status to at least one other person is considered one of the most important factors for prevention of transmission of HIV. Whilst reactions of people towards a positive HIV test result are well documented, how HIV infected women cope with HIV seroconversion and whether they disclose their HIV serostatus following seroconversion or not is least known. This study assessed if types of coping strategies adopted following HIV seroconversion are associated with disclosure of HIV serostatus. There were no statistically significant associations between types of coping strategies adopted following HIV seroconversion and disclosure of HIV serostatus. We also noted that prevalence of non-disclosure was very high in the context of high disease burden. Our results suggest that there is a need to develop new and effective ways of encouraging disclosure of HIV serostatus among people who test HIV positive on subsequent testing. Results also present opportunities for further enquiry on factors that may be associated with disclosure of HIV serostatus to strengthen current efforts of containing the spread of HIV infection. Key words: Disclosure, coping strategies, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), seroconversion.
Governing atmospheric sinks: the architecture of entitlements in the global commons

This article revisits key works on the management of common-pool resources under common property arrangements, in order to elicit a broader notion of collective ownership for analysing institutional arrangements that govern the use of large-scale environmental resources such as biodiversity and atmospheric sinks. The article proposes a model for analysing the institutional design of governance solutions which draws attention to 1) tiers and levels, 2) organisation of generic governance functions, and 3) formulation of specific institutional rules. The article exemplifies these analytical solutions by examining the emerging governance framework for global atmospheric sinks. The article indicates how crucial parts of the institutional framework for governing atmospheric sinks are still missing, a shortcoming which maintains the ‘‘tragedy of the commons’’ in their use. The article suggests that a workable governance solution for global atmospheric sinks has to 1) cap the use of atmospheric sinks; 2) provide for a more equitable benefit sharing; 3) provide for compensation of climate change impacts and assistance for adaptation to climate change impacts; and 4) create institutional solutions for enhancing participation in environmental decisions in order to guarantee progress in and legitimacy of the governance framework.
Oscillator-strength enhancement of electric-dipole-forbidden transitions in evanescent light at total reflection

The absorption line strengths of electric-dipole-forbidden (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole) transitions have been calculated in the evanescent light field that accompanies the total reflection of light. Owing to the complex wave and polarization vectors of the evanescent light, the apparent oscillator strength is enhanced from that in the propagating light and the enhancement for the electric quadrupole transition depends on the polarization vector of the incident light. Separation of the contribution from each component of the wave and polarization vectors is proposed with a magnetic-sublevel-resolved measurement for the $(s\text{\ensuremath{-}}d)$ electric quadrupole transition.
Automated Dental Identification with Lowest Cost Path-Based Teeth and Jaw Separation

Abstract Teeth are some of the most resilient tissues of the human body. Because of their placement, teeth often yield intact indicators even when other metrics, such as finger prints and DNA, are missing. Forensics on dental identification is now mostly manual work which is time and resource intensive. Systems for automated human identification from dental X-ray images have the potential to greatly reduce the necessary efforts spent on dental identification, but it requires a system with high stability and accuracy so that the results can be trusted. This paper proposes a new system for automated dental X-ray identification. The scheme extracts tooth and dental work contours from the X-ray images and uses the Hausdorff-distance measure for ranking persons. This combination of state-of-the-art approaches with a novel lowest cost path-based method for separating a dental X-ray image into individual teeth, is able to achieve comparable and better results than what is available in the literature. The proposed scheme is fully functional and is used to accurately identify people within a real dental database. The system is able to perfectly separate 88.7% of the teeth in the test set. Further, in the verification process, the system ranks the correct person in top in 86% of the cases, and among the top five in an astonishing 94% of the cases. The approach has compelling potential to significantly reduce the time spent on dental identification.
COMPARISONS BETWEEN MIXTURE THEORY AND DARCY LAW FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA USING GITT AND FLUENT SIMULATIONS

Water injection into oil formations has a very wide application in the oil industry. The injection of water has as main objective: to maintain formation pressure and provide the recovery of oil by water displacement. This work compares two different theoretical formula- tions used in reservoir simulations. One is the saturation differential equation and the other is the mixture theory equation applied to fluid flow in porous media. The saturation differential equation is widely used in reservoir simulations. This equation is found when Darcy's Law for each phase is applied in the continuity equation for each phase. However, there is another theoretical approach for multiphase flows in porous media. Mixture theory allows a local de- scription of the flow in a porous medium, supported by a thermodynamically consistent theory which generalizes the classical continuum mechanics. This article compares the results ob- tained by the equation based on the mixture theory with the saturation differential equation. To solve the saturation equation the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) was employed. The GITT has been successfully employed in various petroleum reservoir simula- tion problems. The numerical method for the solution of mixture theory was obtained using advanced, commercial, general-purpose CFD code: FLUENT.
Title Physiologic artifacts in resting state oscillations in young children : methodological considerations for noisy data Permalink

We quantified the potential effects of physiologic artifact on the estimation of EEG band power in a cohort of typically developing children in order to guide artifact rejection methods in quantitative EEG data analysis in developmental populations. High density EEGwas recorded for 2 min while children, ages 2–6, watched a video of bubbles. Segments of data were categorized as blinks, saccades, EMG or artifact-free, and both absolute and relative power in the theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (13–30 Hz) and gamma (35–45 Hz) bands were calculated in 9 regions for each category. Using a linear mixed model approach with artifact type, region and their interaction as predictors, we compared mean band power between clean data and each type of artifact. We found significant differences in mean relative and absolute power between artifacts and artifact-free segments in all frequency bands. The magnitude and direction of the differences varied based on power type, region, and frequency band. The most significant differences in mean band power were found in the gamma band for EMG artifact and the theta band for ocular artifacts. Artifact detection strategies need to be sensitive to the oscillations of interest for a given analysis, with the most conservative approach being the removal of all EMG and ocular artifact from EEG data. Quantitative EEG holds considerable promise as a clinical biomarker of both typical and atypical development. However, there needs to be transparency in the choice of power type, regions of interest, and frequency band, as each of these variables are differentially vulnerable to noise, and therefore, their interpretation depends on the methods used to identify and remove artifacts.
Some Aspects of Static and Dynamic Distribution System State Estimation with Optimal Meter Placement Studies

In a power distribution system, due to the evolution of Active Distribution Networks (ADNs), there is a possibility of violation of the system operational constraints. A state estimator provides an approximate snapshot of the distribution system operation when the bus voltages and power measurements are available. Thus it plays a key role in monitoring the system, thereby ensuring a safe state of operation. According to the nature of the system, Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) can be classified in to static DSSE and dynamic DSSE. Static DSSE is commonly designed as a Weighted Least Square (WLS) estimator using either bus voltages or branch currents as system states. For dynamic DSSE, the performance of static state estimators are limited. A Kalman filter based state estimator can be used in such time varying systems. A study of the algorithms used for these two DSSE methods is necessary in order to analyze the factors affecting the estimation accuracy. In a power distribution system, with limited availability of measurements, and additional measurements being expensive, careful selection of the location for the placement of meters becomes important. The measurement meters typically considered are Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and power (PQ) meters. The existing placement problems lay more emphasis on minimizing the cost of installing such meters, while the quality of estimation remains ignored. Thus there is a need to formulate methods for optimal allocation of meters in a cost effective way without altering the accuracy of DSSE. In this work, a detailed study is conducted on the two static DSSE algorithms, Node Voltage based State Estimation (NVSE) and Branch Current based State Estimation (BCSE) and the DSSE performance is compared based on Average Root Mean Square (ARMSE) Value of state estimates. The thesis also analyzes the impact of the number of PMU measurements available on DSSE performance. Several optimization based approaches are proposed to address the optimal meter placement problem considering different objectives such as minimization of cost, WLS residual estimate, a multi-objective function comprising cost and WLS, and the ARMSE of the estimated bus voltage. An Iterative Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is used for performing dynamic DSSE. The dependency of various parameters such as selection of time frame, apriori estimate information length and PMU measurement errors on the accuracy acquired by DSSE is also presented. The studies and proposed models are simulated in a 33-bus distribution feeder. The results illustrating the efficiency and speed of convergence of different static and dynamic DSSE methods are discussed. The various optimization models for meter allocation are formulated and compared based on meter placement cost and ARMSE of voltage estimates.
Modeling hierarchical relationships in epidemiological studies: a Bayesian networks approach

Hierarchical relationships between risk factors are seldom taken into account in epidemiological studies though some authors stressed the importance of doing so, and proposed a conceptual framework in which each level of the hierarchy is modeled separately. The objective of this paper was to implement a simple version of their framework, and to propose an alternative procedure based on a Bayesian Network (BN). These approaches were illustrated in modeling the risk of diarrhea infection for 2740 children aged 0 to 59 months in Cameroon. The authors implemented a (naive) logistic regression, a step-level logistic regression and also a BN. While the first approach is inadequate, the two others approaches both account for the hierarchical structure but to different estimates and interpretations. BN implementation showed that a child in a family in the poorest group has respectively 89%, 40% and 18% probabilities of having poor sanitation, being malnourished and having diarrhea. An advantage of the latter approach is that it enables one to determine the probability that a risk factor (and/or the outcome) is in a given state, given the states of the others. Although the BN considered here is very simple, the method can deal with more complicated models.
Investigating the Relationship between Asymmetric Information and Dividend Policy in Iranian Industrial Companies

This study aims to examine the relationship between asymmetric information and dividend policy. Today, researchers and economists have divided the capital market into two distinct forms: The first one is the Perfect Competition Market. Since in this form of market, the level of knowledge is equal among the market factors, there is no possibility to benefit from obtaining hidden information. The second type of market is the Imperfect Competition Market in which the market information is not fully available to everyone rather it can be bought and sold like a commodity. Thus, it gives the chance to those who have more knowledge to gain more profits. Thus, considering the lack of an efficient performance of the capital market, the current study intends to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between asymmetric information and dividend policy. To do so, among the various components of information asymmetry index, asymmetric information is considered as the difference between forecasted earnings and dividends paid to shareholders in the present study. Among the most influential cases affecting stock dividend policy, the index proposed by Fama and French (2001) is used in this study. Basically, the index includes cases such as the firm size, firm risk, profitability and the percentage of dividend and the ratio of market value to book value.
On the benefits of semi-active suspensions with inerters

Inerters have become a hot topic in recent years especially in vehicle, train, building suspension systems, etc. Eight different layouts of suspensions were analyzed with a quarter-car model in this paper. Dimensionless root mean square (RMS) responses of the sprung mass vertical acceleration, the suspension travel, and the tire deflection are derived which were used to evaluate the performance of the quarter-car model. The behaviour of semi-active suspensions with inerters using Groundhook, Skyhook, andHybridcontrolhasbeenevaluatedandcomparedtotheperformanceofpassivesuspensionswithinerters. Sensitivity analysis was applied to the development of a high performance semi-active suspension with an inerter. Numerical simulations indicate that a semi-active suspension with an inerter has much better performance than the passive suspension with an inerter, especially with the Hybrid control method, which has the best compromise between comfort and road holding quality.
Altimeter‐derived variability of surface velocities in the California Current System: 1. Evaluation of TOPEX altimeter velocity resolution

In this paper, we evaluate the temporal and horizontal resolution of geostrophic surface velocities calculated from TOPEX satellite altimeter heights. Moored velocities (from vector-averaging current meters and an acoustic Doppler current profiler) at depths below the Ekman layer are used to estimate the temporal evolution and accuracy of altimeter geostrophic surface velocities at a point. Surface temperature gradients from satellite fields are used to determine the altimeter's horizontal resolution of features in the velocity field. The results indicate that the altimeter resolves horizontal scales of 50–80 km in the along-track direction. The rms differences between the altimeter and current meters are 7–8 cm s−1, much of which comes from small-scale variability in the oceanic currents. We estimate the error in the altimeter velocities to have an rms magnitude of 3–5 cm s−1 or less. Uncertainties in the eddy momentum fluxes at crossovers are more difficult to evaluate and may be affected by aliasing of fluctuations with frequencies higher than the altimeter's Nyquist frequency of 0.05 cycles d−1, as indicated by spectra from subsampled current meter data. The eddy statistics that are in best agreement are the velocity variances, eddy kinetic energy and the major axis of the variance ellipses. Spatial averaging of the current meter velocities produces greater agreement with all altimeter statistics and increases our confidence that the altimeter's momentum fluxes and the orientation of its variance ellipses (the statistics differing the most with single moorings) represent well the statistics of spatially averaged currents (scales of 50–100 km) in the ocean. Besides evaluating altimeter performance, the study reveals several properties of the circulation in the California Current System: (1) velocity components are not isotropic but are polarized, strongly so at some locations, (2) there are instances of strong and persistent small-scale variability in the velocity, and (3) the energetic region of the California Current is isolated and surrounded by a region of lower energy starting 500–700 km offshore. This suggests that the source of the high eddy energy within 500 km of the coast is the seasonal jet that develops each spring and moves offshore to the central region of the California Current, rather than a deep-ocean eddy field approaching the coast from farther offshore.