Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHOKeD: A Fair Active Queue Management System

Fairness is the significant factor to sustain best effort delivery of network services. Now-a-days, real-time multimedia applications have evolved largely over the Internet. Most of multimedia services are unresponsive during network congestion. Unresponsive traffic streams steal most network bandwidth and starve out some other flows which are responsive during network congestion. In the presence of these unresponsive traffic flows, protection of responsive flows has become a major issue. Many Active Queue Management (AQM) based solutions have been recommended to protect responsive traffic flows from unresponsive ones and to ensure fairness among all traffic flows. The thesis proposes a novel AQM scheme CHOKeD, to deliver fairness among all flows of a congested link. It is a completely stateless approach. CHOKeD is based on dynamic drawing factor to penalize unresponsive traffic. It successfully protects responsive flows in the presence of unresponsive flows. CHOKeD features such as fairness, high throughput of responsive traffic and stateless design, are encouraging factors for its deployment over the edge as well as the network core routers. Extensive simulations have been carried out to evaluate its performance under real-time network scenarios
Brief Report: The Relationship between Multiple Forms of Oppression and Subjective Health among Black Lesbian and Bisexual Women

This study was designed to explore the relationships between multiple forms of oppression and subjective physical health among a community sample of 85 Black lesbian and bisexual women. Self-report surveys assessing health behaviors, physical and mental health status, and experiences with discrimination were administered during a weekend retreat of a community-based organization serving this population. Structural equation modeling showed there were significant, but different, relationships between subjective health and two types of oppression, heterosexism and weight-based discrimination. Further research on the independent and intersectional effects of multiple forms of oppression on health is needed.
Link performance investigation of industry first 100G PAM4 IC chipset with real-time DSP for data center connectivity

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time by employing newly developed PAM4 chipset and direct detection with commercial 25Gbaud devices, the link operates error free under KR4 FEC threshold at 1310nm wavelength(s) for 100Gb/s up to 40km distance of standard single mode fiber.
A RATING SCALE FOR EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS

A modification of an earlier rating scale for extrapyramidal system disturbance is described, and evidence for the validity and reliability of the scale is presented. The usefulness of the scale in studies of neuroleptic drugs is discussed. By its application it is possible to quantify extrapyramidal side effects and to separate them into four principal factors.
The APC E1317Q variant in adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancers.

Genetic susceptibility may play a role in many colorectal cancers (CRCs). Known syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis CRC account for <5% of CRCs. The germ-line missense variant of the APC gene, E1317Q, has been proposed to confer a risk for colonic adenomatous polyps (adenomas), but not for CRCs in the general population. These findings are contradictory and controversial. In the present study, 608 cases (377 patients with CRC, 145 patients with 4-100 lifetime adenomas, and 86 with < or =3 lifetime adenomas), and 679 controls (362 spouses and 317 patients with normal colonoscopy) were screened for the APC E1317Q variant. The frequency of heterozygotes for E1317Q among patients with CRC (2.4%), patients with 4-100 adenomas (1.4%), and < or =3 adenomas (3.5%) did not differ from spouse controls (2.8%). When CRC patients were examined by DNA mismatch repair status, age at onset (< or =age 50 versus >50), or family history of CRC, no differences in the frequency of E1317Q were found. The APC variant E1317Q does not appear to be associated with increased risk for colorectal neoplasia in the general population. However, when we used normal colonoscopy controls (E1317Q carrier frequency = 0.3%), the prevalence of E1317Q was significantly increased in CRC patients, in patients with < or =3 adenomas, and in CRC patients with intact mismatch repair status, suggesting a possible role for E1317Q in colorectal tumorigenesis. These results underscore the importance of carefully defining the controls to be used in comparisons of allele frequencies.
Mode-cleaning and injection optics of the gravitational-wave detector GEO600

The British–German interferometric gravitational-wave detector GEO600 uses two high-finesse triangular ring cavities of 8 m optical pathlength each, as an optical mode-cleaning system. The modecleaner system is housed in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment to avoid contamination of the optics and to minimize both the influence of refractive index variations of the air and acoustic coupling to the optics. To isolate the cavities from seismic noise, all optical components are suspended as double pendulums. These pendulums are damped at their resonance frequencies at the upper pendulum stage with magnet-coil actuators. A suspended reaction mass supports three coils matching magnets bonded onto the surface of one mirror of each cavity, allowing length control of the modecleaner cavities to maintain resonance with the laser light. A fully automated control system stabilizes the frequency of the slave laser to that of the master laser, the frequency of the master laser to the length of the first modecleaner and the length of the first to the length of the second modecleaner. The control system uses the Pound–Drever–Hall sideband technique and operates autonomously over long time periods with only infrequent human interaction. The duty cycle of the system was measured to be 99.7% during an 18 day period. The throughput of the whole modecleaner system is about 50%. In this article, we give an overview of the mechanical and optical setup and the achieved performance of the double modecleaner system.
An adaptive orthogonal search algorithm for model subset selection and non-linear system identification

A new adaptive orthogonal search (AOS) algorithm is proposed for model subset selection and non-linear system identification. Model structure detection is a key step in any system identification problem. This consists of selecting significant model terms from a redundant dictionary of candidate model terms, and determining the model complexity (model length or model size). The final objective is to produce a parsimonious model that can well capture the inherent dynamics of the underlying system. In the new AOS algorithm, a modified generalized cross-validation criterion, called the adjustable prediction error sum of squares (APRESS), is introduced and incorporated into a forward orthogonal search procedure. The main advantage of the new AOS algorithm is that the mechanism is simple and the implementation is direct and easy, and more importantly it can produce efficient model subsets for most non-linear identification problems.
Tracking algorithm in the multiband PCL-PET fusion system

In this article we discuss certain aspects of the algorithm for data processing in the PCL - PET passive radar system. We discuss the part of the fusion algorithm which is used for object tracking and estimate improvement. We also propose a method for bistatic measurements classification using the predicted object position and covariance matrices. Proposed algorithm is also suitable for asynchronous and random flow of input measurements. Presented algorithms, which are a work-inprogress, are being implemented and will be subject to further experiments and development on a PCL-PET system prototype.
Stimulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Mediated by Phospholipase C‐Linked M3 Muscarinic Receptor in Human Neuroblastoma SK‐N‐BE(2)C Cells

Abstract: Muscarinic receptor in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐BE(2)C cells was identified and characterized. Treatment of the cells with carbachol evoked the generation of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) with a peak level reached at 1 min after stimulation. Carbachol increased intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) with an EC50 value of 35 µM. In addition, carbachol produced a 1.3–3‐fold increase in the cyclic AMP (cAMP) level compared with untreated control and elevated synergistically the cAMP level in the treatment with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The M3 antagonist p‐fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol (IC50 = 0.5–0.8 µM) inhibited the increases in [Ca2+]i, IP3, and cAMP more effectively than the M1 antagonist pirenzepine (IC50 = 5–9 µM) and the M2 antagonist methoctramine (IC50 = 20–30 µM). The involvements of [Ca2+]i elevation and protein kinase C activation induced by phospholipase C activation were tested in the carbachol‐induced cAMP production. The calcium chelator BAPTA/AM (75 µM) inhibited significantly the synergistic effects of carbachol and PGE2 on the production of cAMP, whereas the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 µM) clearly enhanced PGE2‐induced cAMP production. However, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate did not enhance PGE2‐stimulated cAMP production. These data suggest that phospholipase C‐linked M3 receptors are present and that stimulation of the receptors activates adenylyl cyclase, at least in part, by the Ca2+‐dependent system in the neuronal cells.
Recurrent Neuroblastoma

Advances in neuroblastoma (NB) treatment over the last three decades have resulted in our ability to cure over 70% of children with NB using the current risk-directed therapeutic approach. However, until very recently, improvement in treatment outcome was mainly attributable to the increased survival of low and intermediate-risk patients. The outcome of high-risk NB, especially in children older than 18 months with metastatic disease, remains poor. Despite intensive multimodal therapy, over 50% of patients with high-risk NB relapse with a dismal long-term outcome (Lau et al., 2004; Santana et al., 2008). While immunotherapy has recently increased the post-transplant 2-year event-free survival (EFS) of high-risk NB from 46% to 66% (Yu et al., 2010), longer follow-up is required to monitor for late relapse. In the last era, children with NB have been offered a wide variety of salvage treatments following disease recurrence. Up to half of these patients achieve some response or stable disease, and survival after relapse is longer in patients who have received salvage therapy (Lau et al., 2004). Chronic NB is also an emerging phenomenon in a subset of patients (Kushner et al., 2002). The longer survival after relapse is also likely due to early detection of disease recurrence as a result of employing more sophisticated surveillance studies in recent years. Furthermore, a proportion of relapsed patients are offered novel agents in phase I/II clinical trials. Unfortunately, response to any form of relapsed therapy is rarely sustained. Future research leading to a better understanding of the factors influencing the clinical course of post-relapse is therefore very important, such that clinicians can select the appropriate salvage therapy: to avoid intensive toxic treatment in patients likely to have short survival following disease recurrence and to test potentially beneficial therapy.
Risk for retinitis in patients with AIDS can be assessed by quantitation of threshold levels of cytomegalovirus DNA burden in blood.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant clinical problem. Seventy-five patients with CD4 T cell counts <100/mm3 were monitored prospectively every 2 months for CMV DNA burden. The target for DNA amplification was a 162-bp fragment from the CMV immediate early gene. CMV DNA burden, at levels of > or =320 in white blood cells or > or =32 in plasma (P = .001), particularly when sustained (P = .005 and .008, respectively), distinguished patients who developed retinitis from those who remained free of disease. Progression to retinitis was not consistently accompanied by increases in CMV burden, indicating that quantitation of CMV burden beyond threshold levels is not necessary to predict risk for development of retinitis. Virus isolation from WBC, but not urine, was also significantly associated with risk for retinitis (P = .001).
Breakthrough Technologies Activity Profiling of Papain-Like Cysteine Proteases in Plants 1

Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6709 PD, Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.A.L.v.d.H., M.H.A.J.J.); Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, NR4–7UH, Norwich, United Kingdom (R.A.L.v.d.H., S.C.P.); Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.A.L.); and Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305–5324 (M.B.)
Embracing Open Innovation to Acquire External Ideas and Technologies and to Transfer Internal Ideas and Technologies Outside

The objective of this dissertation is to increase understanding of how organizations can embrace open innovation in order to acquire external ideas and technologies from outside the organization, and to transfer internal ideas and technologies to outside the organization. The objective encompasses six sub-objectives, each addressed in one or more substudies. Altogether, the dissertation consists of nine substudies and a compendium summarizing the substudies. The dissertation depicts how firms can embrace open innovation in order to acquire external ideas and technologies, and in order to transfer internal ideas and technologies to the outside.An extensive literature review was conducted on open innovation and crowdsourcing literature (substudies 1–4). In the subsequent empirical substudies, both qualitative research methods (substudies 5–7) and quantitative research methods (substudies 8–9) were applied. The four literature review substudies provided insights on the body of knowledge on open innovation and crowdsourcing. These substudies unveiled most of the influential articles, authors, and journals of open innovation and crowdsourcing disciplines. Moreover, they identified research gaps in the current literature. The empirical substudies offer several insightful findings. Substudy 5 shows how the non-core ideas and technologies of a large firm can become valuable, especially for small firms. Intermediary platforms can find solutions to many of the pressing problems of large organizations by engaging renowned scientists from all over world (substudy 6). Intermediary platforms can also bring breakthrough innovations with novel mechanisms (substudy 7). Large firms are not only able to garner ideas by engaging their customers through crowdsourcing but they can also build long-lasting relations with their customers (substudies 8 and 9). Embracing open innovation brings some challenges for firms too. Firms need to change their organizational structures in order to be able to fully benefit from open innovation. When crowdsourcing is successful, it produces a very large number of new ideas. This has the consequence that firms need to allocate a significant amount of resources in order to identify the most promising ideas. In an idea contest, customarily, only one or a few of the best ideas are rewarded (substudy 7). Sometimes, no reward is provided for the selected idea (substudies 8 and 9). Most of the ideas that are received are not implemented in practice.
Synthesis of Arabic from short sound clusters

This article describes an unrestricted vocabulary text-to-speech (TTS) conversion system for the synthesis of Standard Arabic (SA) speech. The system uses short phonetic clusters that are derived from the Arabic syllables to synthesize Arabic. Basic and phonetic variants of the synthesis units are defined after qualitative and quantitative analyses of the phonetics of SA. A speech database of the synthesis units and their phonetic variations is created and the units are tested to control their segmental quality. Besides the types of synthesis unit used, their enhancement with phonetic variants, and their segmental quality control, the production of good quality speech also depends on waveform analysis and the method used to concatenate the synthesis units together. Waveform analysis is needed to condition the selected synthesis units at their junctures to produce synthesized speech of better quality. The types of speech juncture between contiguous units, the phonetic characteristics of the sounds surrounding the junctures and the concatenation artifacts occurring across the junctures are important and will be discussed. The results of waveform analysis and smoothing algorithms will be presented. The intelligibility of synthesized Arabic by a standard intelligibility test method that is adapted to suit the Arabic phonetic characteristics and scoring the results of the tests will also be dealt with.
The estimation of Term Relevance weights using Relevance feedback

The term relevance weighting method has been shown to produce optimal information retrieval queries under well‐defined conditions. Unfortunately, the relevance weights cannot be determined in the absence of accurate knowledge of the occurrence frequencies of the terms in the relevant and non‐relevant documents of a collection. This study presents a realistic method for estimating the term relevance weights from information derived in an interactive search environment where relevance assessments for previously retrieved items are used later to construct improved query statements. Procedures are introduced for constructing the initial query weights by using estimated term relevance factors. These initial weights are then modified during the relevance feedback process by utilizing the occurrence frequencies of the terms in the retrieved documents obtained from an earlier search. The procedures used to construct the term relevance weights are covered in detail, and experimental output is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the methods.
Hemispheric asymmetries in global-local perception: Effects of individual differences in neuroticism

This study examined the impact of neuroticism on hemispheric specialisation and interhemispheric processing using a lateralised global-local perception task. A total of 43 individuals completed the laterality task as well as a standardised personality questionnaire, and were divided by a median split into low and high neuroticism groups. Results revealed that left hemisphere specialisation for local-level processing was absent for high neurotic individuals, although the groups were similar in asymmetries for global-level processing. Regression analyses confirmed that neuroticism was inversely correlated with the magnitude of left-hemisphere advantage for local-level processing but not associated with the asymmetry for global processing. Interhemispheric processing did not differ as a function of neuroticism. Results implicate the left temporoparietal region in neuroticism, which may in turn have implications for understanding neuropsychological links between neurotic personality traits and risk for psychopathology.
A modified Levenberg-Marquardt approach to explore the limit operation state of AC/DC hybrid system

This paper is concerned with the limit operation state of AC/DC hybrid system based on the alternate iterative method to solve the AC/DC power flow. A modified Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method is employed to solve the nonlinear equations of AC power flow and DC equations, respectively. Then, the heavy load system is constructed by expanding the same times of real and reactive load to explore the limit operation state. Simulation results show that modified LM method has good convergent property to solve the nonlinear equations, especially for the heavy load system. Also, when the expanding times of load exceeds the maximal times of load withstood by Newton method, there exists no solution obtained by Newton method, while the least square solutions obtained by LM method can provide useful information for Newton method to take some measurements on weak nodes to enlarge the scope of the limit operation state.
A Novel Function of the DNA Repair Gene rhp6 in Mating-Type Silencing by Chromatin Remodeling in Fission Yeast

ABSTRACT Recent studies have indicated that the DNA replication machinery is coupled to silencing of mating-type loci in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, and a similar silencing mechanism may operate in the distantly related yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Regarding gene regulation, an important function of DNA replication may be in coupling of faithful chromatin assembly to reestablishment of the parental states of gene expression in daughter cells. We have been interested in isolating mutants that are defective in this hypothesized coupling. An S. pombe mutant fortuitously isolated from a screen for temperature-sensitive growth and silencing phenotype exhibited a novel defect in silencing that was dependent on the switching competence of the mating-type loci, a property that differentiates this mutant from other silencing mutants of S. pombe as well as of S. cerevisiae. This unique mutant phenotype defined a locus which we named sng1 (for silencing not governed). Chromatin analysis revealed a switching-dependent unfolding of the donor locimat2P and mat3M in thesng1− mutant, as indicated by increased accessibility to the in vivo-expressed Escherichia coli dammethylase. Unexpectedly, cloning and sequencing identified the gene as the previously isolated DNA repair gene rhp6. RAD6, an rhp6 homolog in S. cerevisiae, is required for postreplication DNA repair and ubiquitination of histones H2A and H2B. This study implicates the Rad6/rhp6 protein in gene regulation and, more importantly, suggests that a transient window of opportunity exists to ensure the remodeling of chromatin structure during chromosome replication and recombination. We propose that the effects of thesng1−/rhp6− mutation on silencing are indirect consequences of changes in chromatin structure.
Remedial or Developmental? Confusion Over Terms.

Donald Ross is Coordinator of the Mathematics Laboratory at Washtenaw Community College. He has also been an instructor in mathematics at Oakland Community College and in public schools. Many institutions of higher learning have recognized the need to offer courses of instruction that normally are associated with the elementary, junior, or senior high school level. In the catalogs that describe these courses you will find a variety of course titles. Many are now using the word "developmental" in an apparent attempt to avoid the stigma that has come to be associated with the word "remedial. " Of particular concern to me is the difference of opinion about, and use of, the phrases "remediation," "remedial instruction," "remedial student," "developmental instruction," and "developmental courses. " Many educators do not see the need to distinguish between "remedial" and "developmental," and the two words are often used interchangeably. The purpose of this article is to attempt to point out that there exists a difference between the two, and that it is important to make the distinction. After a word or phrase has been used for a period of time, it may take on a derogatory connotation. This has definitely happened to "remedial. " When used in regard to a student, it immediately brings to mind an image of the student as some kind of "dummy," or "slow learner," or "disadvantaged," or as someone with a learning disability. Sometimes, we try to change the adjective without accepting the situation, defining it, and determining what we want to do to effect a meaningful change. By changing the words or phrases we never effect any change in the situation itself. Some even propose that by ignoring the use of the words, in some glorious way the situation will possibly improve, or go away. My approach to this dilemma is different, and if you bear with me in the paragraphs that follow, I will attempt to give a meaning, as clearly as possible, to the two terms "remedial" and "developmental"