Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximation of linear active disturbance rejection control with PID control

摘要:线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)是结合PID和现代控制理论发展起来的新型控制方法,很多文献表明PID可以转 化为LADRC,那么LADRC能否近似为PID,并且近似效果如何,目前没有确定的答案. 本文首先证明LADRC的积分 作用实际上包含在扰动的估计及补偿里,说明了二阶LADRC和PID的关系. 然后根据LADRC阶数的不同,本文提出 了实际PID+n阶超前环节的策略近似各阶LADRC. 通过仿真实例,说明二阶和三阶LADRC和转化后的PID具有相 似的抗干扰性能,但更高阶的LADRC转换得到的PID控制效果不如LADRC. 因此, LADRC是PID控制在工业过程控 制中的推广,具有更多的应用前景. 关键词: 线性自抗扰控制; PID控制;频域近似法;超前环节 引用格式: 崔文庆,王雨桐,谭文. 用PID控制近似线性自抗扰控制. 控制理论与应用, 2020, 37(8): 1781 – 1789 DOI: 10.7641/CTA.2020. 90726
The Influence of Cu on the Dielectric Properties of NiZnFe2O4 Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method

The phase pure Copper Ferrite, Zinc Ferrite, and Nickel Ferrite were prepared from oxides of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe using traditional ceramic method. X-ray diffraction data were collected and the formation of the spinal phase structure was found. The lattice parameter was found to be 8.441 A for ZnFe2O4, 8.35 A for NiFe2O4, and 8.349 A for CuFe2O4. The Ni0.4Zn0. 6Fe2O4 ferrite was sintered at three different temperatures: namely 1100°C, 1200°C, and 1300°C and similar temperature control was applied to Cu0.2Ni0. 2Zn0.4Fe2O4 ferrite group. The energy band gap was calculated for Ni0.4Zn0. 6Fe2O4 and Cu0.2Ni0. 2Zn0.4Fe2O4 and was found to be 3.657 eV and 4.889 eV, respectively. The dielectric properties were investigated over a wide range using impedance spectroscopy and were found to decrease with the increase of frequency. Similar behavior was observed with the sintering temperature. In the same manner, the electric conductivity was found to decrease with the increase of frequency and sintering temperature as well. On the other hand, the electric resistivity was found to increase with both frequency and the sintering temperature.
A novel Infrared Thermography (IRT) based experimental technique for distributed temperature measurements in hot gas flows

A new experimental technique is being developed to overcome the drawbacks exhibited by existing techniques used to perform temperature measurements in flow fields. It requires the insertion into the flow of a high porosity grid formed by a thin electrically conductive wire. By measuring the grid temperature distributions with an infrared (IR) camera, one can calculate both, the distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient and the local fluid temperature. In this paper the physical principles of the technique, the calibration of the IR camera and the experimental procedure will be described. As a initial test case the technique is used to measure the fluid temperature profiles in a heated free jet.
Certified code generation from CPS to C

CertiCoq is a verified-in-Coq extracter/compiler from Coq’s Gallina language through CompCert C to assembly language, written as a functional program in Coq. Here we describe the implementation and Coq verification of its code generator, which translates from a continuation-passing style (CPS) intermediate language into CompCert Clight. We show how invariants over our CPS IR facilitate the generation of well behaved, efficient C code. A key point is our proved-correct interface to an external proved-correct (by other authors) generational garbage collector written in C. The semantics of C can be quite intricate, as can the design of a compiler-to-g.c. interface for finding roots—but the design of our CPS intermediate language facilitates a (relatively) simple implementation and correctness proof. Our measurements show that both the code generator and the generated code have good performance. Via CompCert, we have proved-correct back ends for several instruction-set architectures: x86-32, x86-64, ARM-32, ARM-64, RISC-V, and Power-PC.
Multiple Feature Extraction Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition for Motor Imagery EEG Recognition Tasks

EEG signals are complicated as well as nonlinear and non-stationary, which make them hard to analyze. Recognition result is dependent on the datasets selected, and is not stable. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) as a kind of adaptive signal processing method is used for motor imagery recognition tasks because of its good decomposition resolution. An eﬃcient EEMD-based feature extraction scheme is presented, which combines the Hilbert marginal spectrum (MS) and instantaneous energy spectrum (IES) features with window-added EEMD-based approximate entropy (ApEn) features. The impactful factors of IMFs and frequency bands are selected for the features as well. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classiﬁer is designed for classifyication. The method is tested on nine subjects. The result shows that the proposed feature combination is competitive in recognition rate with other methods on the same dataset. The maximal classiﬁcation accuracy for S2 and S3 can reach 79.60 % and 87.77 %, respectively. The mean accuracy of nine subjects is 82.74 %. The average recognition rate obtained is superior to other methods on the same datasets.
Estimating potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) damage in stored potatoes in Tunisia

Sampling plans based on insect damage (i.e., holes in tubers) were examined. An enumerative sampling plan, considering the precision level, showed that a sample size of 300 tubers randomly taken from a potato heap provides an accurate estimation of the mean number of holes per tuber. On the farmer level, a sequential sampling plan based on an action threshold of 20% of damaged tubers is calculated, and possible farmer decisions are discussed. Taylor’s power law is used to describe the distribution of damage in the potato heaps as slightly aggregated. Nachman’s model is used to relate the proportion of damaged tubers (showing at least one hole) to the density of holes per tuber.
PDFlib PLOP: PDF Linearization, Optimization, Protection Page inserted by evaluation version

Capacitance and other properties of nanoelectrodes, finite-size metal clusters envisaged for use in complex molecular-electronic devices, are discussed. The applicability of classical electrostatics (Coulomb’s and Gauss’ law, Poisson’s equation, etc.) to atomistic systems is investigated and the self-energy necessary to store a finite charge on an atom is found to be of central importance. In particular, the neglect of electron exchange is found to introduce severe limitations, with quantum calculations predicting fundamentally different electronic structures. Also, the well-known poor representation of the atomic self-energy inherent to modern DFT is discussed, along with its implications for molecular electronics calculations. An INDO/S method is introduced with new parameters for gold. This is the simplest approximate computational scheme that correctly includes quantum electrostatic, resonance, and spin effects, and is capable of describing arbitrary excited electronic states. Encouraging results are obtained for some trial problems. In particular, voltage differential between the electrodes in electrode–molecule–electrode conduction is obtained, not through an a priori prescription but rather by moving whole electrons between the electrodes and analyzing the response. The voltage drops across the molecule–electrode junctions and the central molecular region are then deduced. This alternative to the current Landauer-based 1-particle transmission equations for electrode–molecule–electrode conduction is discussed in terms of the use of the electronic states of the system. It provides a proper description not only of conduction via electrode-to-molecule charge or hole transfer but also of conduction via simultaneous charge and hole transfer via low-lying excited molecular electronic states, including the ability to account for electroluminescence and other chemical effects. In addition, various aspects of our research on the quantitative prediction of the I(V) curves for electrode– molecule–electrode conduction are reviewed, including demonstration of the equivalence of the formalisms generated by the Datta and the Mujica–Ratner groups, and the development of analytically solvable paradigms, including the conduction through a linear-chain Hückel wire.
Stability of real interacting populations in space and time: implications, alternatives and the negative binomial kc

(1) Data are examined that relate to two-population interaction models based on the negative binomial parameter, k, and the resulting 'empty-cell' probability (e.g. probability of host escaping parasitoid attack). As predicted (Taylor, Woiwod & Perry 1979) estimates of k were non-linearly related to population density for samples of Drosophila melanogaster eggs, predator Phytoseiulus persimilis adults (among its prey, Tetranychus urticae), parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae adults (among eggs of its host, Lymantria dispar) and parasitoid A laptusfusculus eggs (in eggs of its host Mesopsocus immunis). (2) Contagion did not increase with k, in contrast to conventional expectations, and k was highly variable as found by Elliot (1982) for the parasitoid Agriotypus armatus. There was no constant (kc) value. Hence, the criterion required for stability in May's (1978) phenomenological model did not exist. (3) This and similar two-population interaction models dependent on the 'empty-cell' probability, p0, will overestimate p0 unless they incorporate density dependence of k. They will also overestimate equilibrium densities. Stability analyses for May's phenomenological and related models, performed about these equilibrium densities, are not reliable. (4) An alternative simple host-parasitoid model is examined in which heterogeneity is built into the basic Nicholson-Bailey model by allowing parasitoid and host to respond to one another by movement; this model also applies if the host has a partial refuge from the parasitoid. (5) Models involving two interacting species should not depend upon the premise that the two species are distributed independently of one another.
Negative Forcing Resulting from Enhancement of CCN Concentrations in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds: Application to Global Warming Mitigation Scheme

We assess herein the proposal that controlled global cooling sufficient to balance global warming resulting from increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations might be achieved by seeding low-level, extensive maritime clouds with seawater particles which act as cloud condensation nuclei, thereby activating new droplets and increasing cloud albedo (and possibly longevity). This paper focuses on scientific and meteorological aspects of the scheme. Analytical calculations, cloud modelling and (particularly) GCM computations suggest that if one or two outstanding questions are satisfactorily resolved, the globally averaged negative forcing resulting from deployment of this scheme might balance the positive forcing associated with a doubling of CO2 concentration: and thus to hold the Earth’s temperature constant for many decades. More work especially assessments of possible meteorological and climatological ramifications is required on several components of the scheme, which possesses the advantages that (1), it is ecologically benign – the only raw materials being wind and seawater: (2), the degree of cooling could be controlled: (3), if unforeseen adverse effects occurred the system could be immediately switched off, with the forcing returning to normal within a few days (although the response would take a much longer time).
Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey

Using a strict, age-specific lockdown order for adults aged 65 and older in Turkey, we examine the mental health consequences of an extended period of tight mobility restrictions on senior adults. Adopting a regression discontinuity design, we find that the curfew-induced decline in mobility substantially worsened mental health outcomes, including somatic and nonsomatic symptoms of mental distress (approximately 0.2 standard deviation). Exploring potential channels, we document an increase in social and physical isolation, with no evidence of robust changes in labor market outcomes or intrahousehold conflict for this subpopulation. (JEL D13, I21, I18, J14, O15)
Vascular Occlusions in the Stem of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

The stem of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) may develop vascular occlusions and gum-resin cavities in the xylem as a response to injury and infection. Fungal hyphae are observed in the vessel lumen and in the adjacent parenchyma cells. The occlusions appeared in various forms and showed varying chemical composition. The chemical nature of the occluding material differed from that of the exudate formed in the cavities. The majority of occlusions contained lipids, protein, polysaccharides, phenolics, lignin and probably pectin, whereas, the exudate contained lipids, protein and four soluble sugars. All the components of the occlusion except lignin and pectin appear to have been formed in the parenchyma cells adjacent to the vessel and migrated to vessel lumen through the vessel wall pits. The different constituents migrate into the vessel lumen independently where they mix to form occlusions.
SOME SIMPLIFICATIONS FOR THE EXPECTATION- MAXIMIZATION (EM) ALGORITHM: THE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL CASE

The EM algorithm is a generic tool that offers maximum likelihood solutions when datasets are incomplete with data values missing at random or completely at random. At least for its simplest form, the algorithm can be rewritten in terms of an ANCOVA regression specification. This formulation allows several analytical results to be derived that permit the EM algorithm solution to be expressed in terms of new observation predictions and their variances. Implementations can be made with a linear regression or a nonlinear regression model routine, allowing missing value imputations, even when they must satisfy constraints. Fourteen example datasets gleaned from the EM algorithm literature are reanalyzed. Imputation results have been verified with SAS PROC MI. Six theorems are proved that broadly contextualize imputation findings in terms of the theory, methodology, and practice of statistical science.
A New Species of the Genus Tripylella Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska, 1993 (Nematoda: Triplonchida: Tripylidae) from New Zealand

Abstract The genus Tripylella Brzeski and Winiszewska-Ślipińska, 1993 currently contains four accepted species. Here, a new species is described. Morphologically, Tripylella subintermedia sp. nov. is characterized by having a relatively short body, short cephalic setae, two large subventral teeth anterior to the dorsal tooth, and a short tail which suddenly tapers at 60% (56–62%) of its length and becomes cylindrical. Molecular phylogeny of near full length small subunit rRNA gene showed that T. subintermedia sp. nov. is close to two species of Tripylella (FJ040488 & AY284737) and is clearly differentiated from taxa of the type genus Tripyla. Among the four previously described species, the main distinguishing feature for T. intermedia, T. maiuscula, T. minuscula, and T. iucunda is tail shape, which differentiates T. intermedia from the other three species. Tripylella maiuscula, T. minuscula and T. iucunda can be differentiated by body length, cephalic setae, and cardia shape. A key to species is provided for the genus.
Morphometry and Classification in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Patient Selection for Endovascular and Open Surgery:

Purpose:To evaluate the anatomic morphology of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and compose a classification system to facilitate patient selection for endovascular graft (EVG) repair.Methods:Data on 242 consecutive AAA patients evaluated on a nonemergent basis in a 3.5-year period to July 1996 were prospectively entered into a registry. Patients were examined using sequential intravenous spiral computed tomographic angiography and intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. The data collected and analyzed included: diameters of the supra- and infrarenal aorta, aneurysm, aortoiliac bifurcation, and iliac arteries; lengths of the proximal neck, distal cuff, and aneurysm; degrees of iliac artery tortuosity; and occlusion of the visceral, renal, or iliac arteries.Results:The 242 aneurysms could be easily grouped into three distinctive categories related to the extent of the aneurysmal disease. Type I AAAs (11.2%) had nondilated, thrombus-free infrarenal (15 mm) necks and distal (10 mm) cuffs appropriate .
Xiphophorus gordoni, A New Species of Platyfish from Coahuila, Mexico

Xiphophorus gordoni, the third new species of this genus to be made known since 1959, is described and figured from the arid, semi-isolated Cuatro Cienegas basin of central Coahuila, Mexico. It is based on meristic, morphometric, and osteological data-and observations of living material in the field and laboratory-involving more than 200 individuals. The new species is related to X. couchianus, from the vicinity of Monterrey, and to X. variatus xiphidium, from the basin of the Rio Soto la Marina-possibly more intimately to the latter. X. gordoni is known only from a single body of water, of which a photograph is presented. It is one of a number of fishes endemic to the Cuatro Cienegas basin.
Determination of β-carotene in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants Regenerated from Stems Callus

This study succeeded in regenerating carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants produced from seedling stems callus which transplanted in soil. The results indicated that Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts medium provided with 1.0 mg L NAA was superior in callus induction 96.6% after thirty days of culture. Also MS medium containing 1.0 mg L of each NAA and BA gave callus up to 83.3%. Numerous shoots that record 417 were differentiated from callus in agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L NAA and 4.0 mg L TDZ. Regenerated shoots were rooted easily in agar-solidified MSO medium of reasonable root systems that sustained adaptation of plantlets successfully in field conditions. Tissue culture plants were better than plants produced from seeds in their growth and morphological characters. They produce normal flowers (Inflorescence) producing fertile seeds and normal storage roots. In addition to their superiority in β-carotene content which recorded 1.988, 1.264 mg / 100 gm fresh weight of callus and roots respectively.
The Frizzled-dependent planar polarity pathway locally promotes E-cadherin turnover via recruitment of RhoGEF2

SUMMARY Polarised tissue elongation during morphogenesis involves cells within epithelial sheets or tubes making and breaking intercellular contacts in an oriented manner. Growing evidence suggests that cell adhesion can be modulated by endocytic trafficking of E-cadherin (E-cad), but how this process can be polarised within individual cells is poorly understood. The Frizzled (Fz)-dependent core planar polarity pathway is a major regulator of polarised cell rearrangements in processes such as gastrulation, and has also been implicated in regulation of cell adhesion through trafficking of E-cad; however, it is not known how these functions are integrated. We report a novel role for the core planar polarity pathway in promoting cell intercalation during tracheal tube morphogenesis in Drosophila embryogenesis, and present evidence that this is due to regulation of turnover and levels of junctional E-cad by the guanine exchange factor RhoGEF2. Furthermore, we show that core pathway activity leads to planar-polarised recruitment of RhoGEF2 and E-cad turnover in the epidermis of both the embryonic germband and the pupal wing. We thus reveal a general mechanism by which the core planar polarity pathway can promote polarised cell rearrangements.
Detection of candidate melanoma blood biomarkers by RNA-Sequencing

Due to the high lethality of melanoma, the prediction and non-invasive confirmation of potential melanoma patients of disease-free states is of great interest. The detection of circulating melanoma cells in human blood is a non-invasive surrogate marker of melanoma. We used the publicly available RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets from peripheral blood cells of a melanoma patient and healthy primary melanocytes cells as controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between peripheral blood from melanoma patients and normal melanocytes were identified by HTSeq followed by DESeq. A total of 2,470 DEGs were obtained, which was analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. We indicated that the Gene Ontology term neurogenesis is significantly over-represented by the DEG list, which is consistent with the rapid formation of melanoma. In addition, the pathway analysis revealed that several cancer-related pathways are over-represented. We also found several over-represented transcription factors, such as SMAD3, NFAT, which may be important upstream regulators to influence the dysregulation of the DEGs. Finally, we used available publications to validate top two genes in DEG list, while other DEGs may still need further investigation including computational and experimental efforts. Altogether, the top ranked DEGs may represent clinically useful biomarkers from blood, which would help the early diagnosis of melanoma.
ARD passive treatment using waste mussel shells- Part II: System autopsy and biogeochemical investigations

Acid rock drainage (ARD) impacted waters are a worldwide concern for the mining industry; both active and passive technologies are employed for the treatment of such waters. System autopsy and biogeochemical investigations are presented here for a novel, fully operational, mussel shell bioreactor used to treat low pH effluents elevated in Al, Fe, Ni, and Zn. This bioreactor is within the Whirlwind catchment at the Stockton Coal Mine, located on the West Coast of New Zealand. The Whirlwind bioreactor utilizes a mussel shell matrix, which is similar in concept to a vertical flow successive alkalinity producing system (SAP), for the passive treatment of an ARD seep derived from acid-forming overburden. The bioreactor has been in operation since September 2012; since construction it has effectively treated ≈99% of metals and continues to neutralize the influent acidity resulting in a circum-neutral effluent. To understand the performance and functionality of the bioreactor a systematic approach has been undertaken to investigate the bio-physico-chemical dynamics of the system. An autopsy was performed in May 2013 (after 8 months operation) and in June 2014 to better understand the contributing biogeochemical mechanisms occurring. Within the bioreactor exists a complex redox gradient controlled by first order reaction kinetics, which are defined by both its physico-chemical environment (adsorption & precipitation) and microbiology (i.e. Complex Fe and S cycling). A horizontal and vertical grid pattern was used for sampling across, and within, the bioreactor. Biophysico-chemical investigations to date indicate homogenous treatment across the bioreactor with no restrictions to vertical flow even with continued sediment loads to the system. The work describes a comprehensive investigation of the chemistry, microbiology, and functionality of this novel passive treatment approach and sheds light on the functionality and performance for global technology transfer.
Group specific flocculation reactions with alcoholic extracts of human blood.

In a previous communication it was stated that by adding inactivated hemolytic immune sera to emulsions of alcoholic extracts of blood, flocculation reactions can be obtained. 1 In continuation of our experiments, tests were made with rabbit anti-human blood immune sera. It was found that in this case also a certain number of the immune sera gave positive reactions under the conditions of our experiments. The immune sera were prepared by injections of Group I and of Group II blood corpuscles (American nomenclature). 2 Some of the most active anti-group II immune sera showed a distinctly stronger flocculation with the extracts of II corpuscles than with those of Groups I and III (as shown in the table). To make the emulsions, 1 cc. of the filtered alcoholic extract prepared as described previously 1 was blown with a pipette into 5 cc. of saline solution.