Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic changes in the liver and thymus of rats with chronic liver failure 80

80 Helena Îivná, Pavel Îivn ̆, Jan NoÏiãka, Petra Hrubá 1 Radioisotope Laboratories and Vivarium, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Králové, Charles University in Praha, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University in Praha, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Králové, University Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 3 The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University in Praha, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Králové, University Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Matter Waves and Quantum Correlations

Quantum effects in light-matter interaction have always intrigued scientists. Such effects may result in quantum particle-particle correlations, for instance. The first measurement of an intensity-intensity correlation function was performed by Hanbury-Brown and Twiss [1], while the theoretical basis for the full quantum characterization of light was introduced by Glauber [2]. Therefore, researchers now have efficient tools in their hands to probe light fields for quantum signatures. Remarkably, these correlations have now been measured for matter waves too, as described in Physical Review Letters by Karen Kheruntsyan at the University of Queensland, Australia, and colleagues [3]. In this paper, they report violation of an important relation for atom number correlations, called the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, which indicates clear quantum effects in the interaction of matter waves. The correlated atoms have large spatial separations and therefore this work opens new opportunities for extending fundamental quantum-nonlocality tests to ensembles of massive particles.
CoordinateWise Descent Methods for Leading Eigenvalue Problem

Leading eigenvalue problems for large scale matrices arise in many applications. Coordinate-wise descent methods are considered in this work for such problems based on a reformulation of the leading eigenvalue problem as a non-convex optimization problem. The convergence of several coordinate-wise methods is analyzed and compared. Numerical examples of applications to quantum many-body problems demonstrate the efficiency and provide benchmarks of the proposed coordinate-wise descent methods.
Phage-borne factors and host LexA regulate the lytic switch in phage GIL 01 1 Running title : Phage GIL 01 is under LexA control 2

Nadine Fornelos, Jaana K. H. Bamford and Jacques Mahillon 3 4 5 1 Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology 6 Université catholique de Louvain 7 Croix du Sud, 2, Box L7.05. 12 8 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve 9 Belgium 10 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center 11 University of Jyväskylä 12 P. O. Box 35 13 40014 Jyväskylä 14 Finland 15 16 *Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological and Environmental Science 17 and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. 18 Phone: +358 14 260 4160. Fax: +358 14 26
Unconditional continuous-variable dense coding

We investigate the conditions under which unconditional dense coding can be achieved using continuous-variable entanglement. We consider the effect of entanglement impurity and detector efficiency and discuss experimental verification. We conclude that the requirements for a strong demonstration are not as stringent as previously thought, and are within the reach of present technology.
Raphael Memmesheimer : system integration , speech recognition Florian Polster : hardware integration , grid mapping and navigation

This paper describes the robot hardware and software used by team homer@UniKoblenz of the University of Koblenz and Landau, Germany, for the participation in the RoCKIn@Home competition 2015 in Lisbon. A special focus is put on detailed hardware and software description and novel scientific achievements. For navigation and mapping we use well-established SLAM techniques based on particle filter and grid maps. Object recognition is achieved by clustering of local invariant features. Three-dimensional scans of the environment are acquired using a RGB-D sensor mounted on a pan-tilt unit. In order to manipulate objects a 6 DOF industrial-grade robotic arm is employed. An abstraction layer in our software architecture allows for task planning and general purpose task execution. For the improvement of human-robot interaction we developed a generic face model that is synchronized to speech and can show seven different face expressions. This robot face is available as a ROS-node for other teams. Some of the novelties of this year is a new robotic platform and a complete change to ROS that now replaces our previously used software architecture. Further, our object recognition, mapping and navigation algorithms were published as ROS package. Furthermore, improvements were made in speech recognition, object recognition, manipulation as well as 3D mapping.
Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin

Aiming to inspect the water use-related situation in the Heihe River Basin, we used a three-stage data envelopment analysis to examine agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) and related issues in the Heihe River Basin from 2004 to 2012. This method calculates technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE). Results show that water use-related efficiency varies according to scale. TE and SE decreased in the study area, while PTE increased. This means that the effects of pure technology on improving overall technology are very limited, and scale adjustment is vitally important to the agricultural production area in the Heihe River Basin. The results provide recommendations for decision-makers to plan the efficient use of water resources in arid and semiarid areas; in addition, this method will contribute to calculations of water use-related efficiency.
Combining Language Corpora With Experimental and Computational Approaches for Language Acquisition Research

Historically, first language acquisition research was a painstaking process of observation, requiring the laborious hand coding of children's linguistic productions, followed by the generation of abstract theoretical proposals for how the developmental process unfolds. Recently, the ability to collect large-scale corpora of children's language exposure has revolutionized the field. New techniques enable more precise measurements of children's actual language input, and these corpora constrain computational and cognitive theories of language development, which can then generate predictions about learning behavior. We describe several instances where corpus, computational, and experimental work have been productively combined to uncover the first language acquisition process and the richness of multimodal properties of the environment, highlighting how these methods can be extended to address related issues in second language research. Finally, we outline some of the difficulties that can be encountered when applying multimethod approaches and show how these difficulties can be obviated.
Canopy rainfall interception measured over ten years in a coastal plain loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation

Abstract. The area of planted pine in the southern U.S. is predicted to increase by over 70% by 2060, potentially altering the natural hydrologic cycle and water balance at multiple scales. To better account for potential shifts in water yield, land managers and resource planners must accurately quantify water budgets from the stand to the regional scale. The amount of precipitation as rainfall intercepted by forest canopies is an important component of evapotranspiration in forested ecosystems, yet there is little information about intra- and inter-annual canopy interception variability in southern pine plantations. To address this knowledge gap, canopy rainfall interception was measured between 2005 and 2014 in a North Carolina coastal plain loblolly pine ( L.) plantation to quantify the range of annual and seasonal variability in interception rates (IRs) as influenced by stand thinning and natural variation in rainfall rates and intensities. Over the study period, biweekly measured canopy IRs averaged 19% across all years, with a range of 14% to 23%. However, at the annual scale, IRs averaged 12% and ranged from 2% to 17%. Thinning resulted in a 5% decrease in rainfall interception, but IRs quickly returned to pre-thin levels. Across years, the amount of annual rainfall intercepted by the canopy averaged 15% of total evapotranspiration, with a range of 2% to 24%. The decade-long data indicate that inter-annual variability of canopy interception is higher than reported in short-term studies. Local and regional hydrological models must describe the variability of canopy interception to accurately predict the hydrologic impacts of forest management and climate change.
Discriminant Analysis, Linear

Given a set of objects, each with a descriptive vector of measured variables, and each belonging to one of a finite set of classes, linear discriminant analysis is a tool for finding those linear combinations of the measured variables on which the classes are most separated. There are two main uses: using the linear combinations to predict the class membership of a new object for which only the vector of variables has been observed, and studying the vector of variables to characterize the nature of the differences between the classes. The method is based on the first and second moments of the multivariate distribution of the measured variables, and assumes that the covariance matrices of the different classes are the same. However, it is robust and can often be usefully applied in other situations. Many generalizations and extensions have been developed, and linear discriminant analysis continues to be widely used. Keywords: supervised classification; separability; error rate; class
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Time delay between singly and doubly ionizing wavepackets in laser-driven helium

We present calculations of the time delay between single and double ionization of helium, obtained from full-dimensionality numerical integrations of the helium–laser Schrodinger equation. The notion of a quantum mechanical time delay is defined in terms of the interval between correlated bursts of single and double ionization. Calculations are performed at 390 and 780 nm in laser intensities that range from 2 × 1014 to 14 × 1014 W cm−2. We find results consistent with the rescattering model of double ionization but supporting its classical interpretation only at 780 nm.
Unstable periodic orbits and heteroclinic connections in plane Couette flow

Equilibrium, traveling wave, and periodic orbit solutions of pipe, channel, and plane Couette flows can now be computed precisely at Reynolds numbers above the onset of turbulence. These invariant solutions capture the complex dynamics of wall-bounded rolls and streaks and provide a framework for understanding low-Reynolds turbulent shear flows as dynamical systems. We present fluid dynamics videos of plane Couette flow illustrating periodic orbits, a close pass of turbulent flow to a periodic orbit, and heteroclinic connections between unstable equilibria.
OBESITY, BINGE EATING, OBSTRUCTION SLEEP APNEA AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL FEA TURES

Objective: Several studies have shown that the mental component is strong in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of psychopathological features in a sample of obese patients, by verifying whether there are differences related to socio-demographic variables, particularly in the patient sub-groups of binge-eating disorder (BED) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: One hundred fifty-two patients of the Cremona Hospital Obesity Center in Italy were recruited and subjected to psychometric tests and to structured psychiatric evaluation in the case of positive psychometric test results. Moreover, a questionnaire for OSAS was given to subjects, which was followed by polisomnography when positive results were obtained. Results: The obtained data confirm the specificity of the BED sub-group, which show a higher incidence of psychopathogical symptoms, both in the total index and different features. BED patients are younger than the other obese subjects, mostly unmarried and have a higher body mass index (BMI). In comparison, the overall patient sample, including BED and non-BED sub-groups, do not show any statistically significant correlation between BMI and psychopathological symptoms. Conclusions: The BED diagnosis in obese patients is important when considering the psychopathological homogeneity of this disorder, in addition to the purpose of selecting different treatment routes that require specific studies.
PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES BASED ON DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION

We present two parallel algorithms based on the domain decomposition methodfor solving a variational inequality over a closed convex cone.First,construct an opencovering {Ω_i}of the original domain Ω∶Ω=(? ),where Ω_i,i=1,…,m,are overlapping.i.e.for each Ω_i there exists at least one Ω_j(j≠i)such that Ω_i∩Ω_i≠φ. Choosing an initial guessu~0 for the solution u,we solve parallelly the inequality in each subdomain Ω_i(i=1,…,m)to obtain m corrections.Take an appropriate average of these m corrections as a correctionover Ω and hence obtain a new approximation to u.In this paper we discuss the convergenceof the continuous problem and also the corresponding discrete problem which is obtained bythe finite element method.
Métodos de adequação e diagnóstico em modelos de sobrevivência dinâmicos

Methods of diagnostic and goodness-of-fit in dynamic survival models Analysis of survival data has been traditionally based on the Cox regression model (COX, 1972). However, the proportionality of the hazards required by this model may not be attended for many practical situations. This restriction of the Cox model has generated interest in alternative approaches, among them dynamic models that allow covariates with time-varying effect. In this work, the main dynamic survival models with additive and multiplicative structures were revised under the nonparametric and semiparametric settings. Graphical methods based on residuals were presented in order to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of these models. A time-dependent version of the area under the ROC curve, denoted by AUC(t), was proposed to evaluate and compare the predictive accuracy of additive and multiplicative survival models. The performance of the AUC(t) was evaluated by means of a simulation study. Data from three studies described in the literature were also analyzed to illustrate or complement the scenarios that were considered in the simulation study. Overall, the results indicate that the graphical methods presented to assess the goodness-of-fit of the models together with the AUC(t) provide a useful set of statistics tools for the purpose of evaluating dynamic survival models in the nonparametric and semiparametric settings. Moreover, applying this set of tools in some data sets showed that on the one hand dynamic models are attractive because they allow time-dependent covariates, but on the other hand they may not be appropriate for all data sets since estimation may present restrictions for some of them.
GLOBAL COSMIC-RAY-RELATED LUMINOSITY AND ENERGY BUDGET OF THE MILKY WAY

We use the GALPROP code for cosmic-ray (CR) propagation to calculate the broadband luminosity spectrum of the Milky Way related to CR propagation and interactions in the interstellar medium. This includes γ-ray emission from the production and subsequent decay of neutral pions (π0), bremsstrahlung, and inverse Compton scattering, and synchrotron radiation. The Galaxy is found to be nearly a CR electron calorimeter, but only if γ-ray emitting processes are taken into account. Synchrotron radiation alone accounts for only one-third of the total electron energy losses with ∼10%–20% of the total synchrotron emission from secondary CR electrons and positrons. The relationship between far-infrared and radio luminosity that we find from our models is consistent with that found for galaxies in general. The results will be useful for understanding the connection between diffuse emissions from radio through γ-rays in “normal” (non-active galactic nucleus dominated) galaxies as well as for estimating the broadband extragalactic diffuse background from these kinds of galaxies.
Važnost procjene kvalitete života u bolesnika s kroničnom opstruktivnom plućnom bolešću

Both clinical studies and daily clinical practice have shown that patients suffering from COPD have a significantly lower quality of life. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the prognosis for COPD patients is directly linked to their quality of life, which is significantly affected by exacerbations and related diseases. In that regard the most obvious symptom is dyspnoea, and usually patients with severe form of the disease suffer from it. However, reduced quality of life is present in all groups of patients categorised using the GOLD guidelines, including those with mild air passages obstruction. It is therefore necessary to assess not only the pulmonary function, but other symptoms as well. The GOLD guidelines from 2011 onward suggest including symptoms in the combination of the assessed severity and risk of the disease. Improving health and life quality in general has become one of the goals of treatment. The quality of life is evaluated using questionnaires to assess the impact of the disease on patient’s general condition. Questionnaires are divided into generic and disease-specific ones. For COPB generic SF-36 questionnaires (The Short-Form 36-item health survey questionnaire) are usually used, as well as the disease specific one SGRQ (St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire). In addition, COPD clinical trials use a number of other questionnaires which cannot be applied in daily clinical practice. For this purpose a simpler CAT questionnaire (COPD Assessment Test) has been created, enabling a fast evaluation and monitoring, and it correlates well with a more complex SGRQ.
Living with fibromyalgia: results from the functioning with fibro survey highlight patients' experiences and relationships with health care providers

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, which can limit patients' physical function and daily activities. FM can be challenging to treat, and the treatment approach could benefit from a greater understanding of patients' perspectives on their condition and their care. Patients with FM participated in an online survey conducted in the USA that sought to identify the symptoms that had the greatest impact on patients' daily lives. The purpose of the survey was to facilitate efforts toward improving care of patients by nurse practitioners, primary care providers, and specialists, in addition to contributing to the development of new outcome measures in both clinical trials and general practice. A total of 1,228 patients with FM completed the survey, responding to specific questions pertaining to symptoms, impact of symptoms, management of FM, and the relationship with health care providers. Chronic pain was identified as the key FM symptom, affecting personal and profes - sional relationships, and restricting physical activity, work, and social commitments. Patients felt that the severity of their condition was underestimated by family, friends, and health care providers. The results of this survey highlight the need for nurse practitioners, primary care providers, and specialists to provide understanding and support to patients as they work together to enable effective diagnosis and management of FM.
WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS OF THE EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS

We present the results of a mid-infrared survey of 11 outer Galaxy massive star-forming regions and 3 open clusters with data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Using a newly developed photometric scheme to identify young stellar objects and exclude extragalactic contamination, we have studied the distribution of young stars within each region. These data tend to support the hypothesis that latter generations may be triggered by the interaction of winds and radiation from the first burst of massive star formation with the molecular cloud material leftover from that earlier generation of stars. We dub this process the “fireworks hypothesis” since star formation by this mechanism would proceed rapidly and resemble a burst of fireworks. We have also analyzed small cutout WISE images of the structures around the edges of these massive star-forming regions. We observe large (1–3 pc size) pillar and trunk-like structures of diffuse emission nebulosity tracing excited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules and small dust grains at the perimeter of the massive star-forming regions. These structures contain small clusters of emerging Class I and Class II sources, but some are forming only a single to a few new stars.
Platinum Electrochemical Detectors to Study Exocytosis and Stimulus-Secretion Coupling CNF Project # 848-00

Neurons release neurotransmitters in a process called exocytosis, wherein packets of transmitter molecules are released from the cells upon stimulation. Adrenal chromaffin cells and mast cells, among others, also undergo exocytosis. Release of adrenaline from chromaffin cells or serotonin from mast cells can be measured using the electrochemical technique of amperometry, historically employing a carbon fiber electrode [1]. To gain information about the exocytotic mechanism, we have developed various planar amperometric electrode arrays on glass coverslips employing platinum as the electrode material. We have successfully measured electrochemical events using these electrodes, and have developed devices that include stimulatory molecules patterned onto the coverslips to study stimulus-secretion coupling in mast cells. Because the electrodes are fabricated on glass, the devices can also be combined with fluorescence imaging techniques, yielding more information about the exocytotic process. Summary of Research: Figure 1: Original (left) and new high throughput (right) four-electrode electrochemical detection arrays. The original design included only four electrode arrays per coverslip. The new design features 14 arrays per coverslip. Several important cell types, including neurons, chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland, and mast cells (responsible for such things as allergic immune response), release transmitter molecules via exocytosis—the release of membrane bound packets or “vesicles” of transmitter molecules. Exocytosis can be observed by amperometry, an electrochemical detection method. In amperometry, transmitter molecules released during an exocytotic event are oxidized by a nearby electrode, generating a measurable current signal. Historically, carbon fiber electrodes have been employed for this purpose [1]. We have fabricated a variety of planar electrodes and electrode arrays that take advantage of this electrochemical detection technique. Electrodes are fabricated of platinum (Pt) on glass coverslips, with fused silica (SiO2) or photoresist insulation. The advantage of fabricating the electrodes on glass is the ability to see through the coverslips to the cells above, and allows additional information about cell function to be recorded via brightfield or fluorescence microscopy simultaneously with the electrochemical measurements. Previously, we demonstrated that amperometric