Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of a diverging cusped field thruster and a lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathode

A low power, magnetically confined plasma thruster has been developed and undergone preliminary characterization. The design employs cusped magnetic fields arranged in a divergent fashion to confine electron flow to an anode while providing efficient acceleration of an ion beam, similar to traditional Hall type thrusters. The design, referred to as a Diverging Cusped Field (DCF) thruster, employs aspects of both existing cusped field thrusters and traditional Hall thrusters while including several unique design features aimed at increasing performance. In addition to supporting competitive thrust and efficiency performance, the DCF magnetic arrangement confines the discharge plasma away from the channel walls in order to reduce wall erosion and promote long lifetimes. The thruster has demonstrated performance levels comparable to typical commercial Hall thrusters. Specifically, a nominal anode efficiency of 44.5% has been achieved while providing 13.4mN of thrust at xenon mass flow rate of 8.5sccm and consuming 242W of anode power. The corresponding nominal specific impulse was 1640s. Preliminary observations suggest that the arrangement successfully contains the plasma away from the channel walls throughout the majority of the discharge chamber. Unique aspects of the DCF discharge include an apparent bi-modal operating spectrum and an irregular beam profile. While efficient operation has been observed in both operating modes, the transitions are shown to be accompanied by variations in both ionization efficiency and ion energy distribution. The emitted plume was observed to be conical in shape, with a hollow interior and concentrated ion flux diverging at roughly 320. In addition to the DCF thruster, a small lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6 ) hollow cathode has been developed for use with plasma thrusters within the MIT Space Propulsion Laboratory. Lanthanum hexaboride was selected due to its insensitivity to impurity poisoning and resultant suitability for experiments which require frequent exposure to atmospheric conditions. The cathode was designed based on larger LaB6 cathodes developed at NASA JPL. Significant alterations to the design included a threaded ceramic heater and the inclusion of a thin radiation shield between the cathode tube and keeper electrode. Total current levels between 0.75A and 2.5A were sustained with the external heater deactivated after an initial ignition procedure. Typically the insert had reached temperatures suitable for emission after roughly 30 minutes of external heating at up to 110W of heater power. Thesis Supervisor: Manuel Martinez-Sanchez Title: Professor
Destructive analysis capabilities for plutonium and uranium characterization at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) Actinide Analytical Chemistry (AAC) group has been in existence since the Manhattan Project. It maintains a complete set of analytical capabilities for performing complete characterization (elemental assay, isotopic, metallic and non metallic trace impurities) of uranium and plutonium samples in different forms. For a majority of the customers there are strong quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) objectives including highest accuracy and precision with well defined uncertainties associated with the analytical results. Los Alamos participates in various international and national programs such as the Plutonium Metal Exchange Program, New Brunswick Laboratory's (NBL' s) Safeguards Measurement Evaluation Program (SME) and several other inter-laboratory round robin exercises to monitor and evaluate the data quality generated by AAC. These programs also provide independent verification of analytical measurement capabilities, and allow any technical problems with analytical measurements to be identified and corrected. This presentation will focus on key analytical capabilities for destructive analysis in AAC and also comparative data between LANL and peer groups for Pu assay and isotopic analysis.
The Use of Open and Distance Learning For Correctional Education: The Views of Prison Inmates of Nsawam Medium Security Prison (NMSP), Ghana.

This study explored the views of the Inmates of Nsawam Medium Security Prison (NMSP) in Ghana about using Open and Distance learning building their human resource while serving their jail terms. The study employed qualitative research methodology which made use of semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data. Fifteen final year students of two formal education programmes in the prison were purposively selected to participate in the study. The study found among others that prisoners in NMSP possess adequate knowledge and understanding of potential benefits of ODL in equipping them with knowledge and skills they will need to live a meaningful life after prison. The inmates were also able to identify the financial and logistical support they will need to embark on a successful ODL programme. The author recommended that government should provide financial support and logistical support for effective correctional educational through ODL.
CLASSIFICATION MODELS BASED FORWARDSELECTION FOR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE PREDICTION

This paper proposes a classification model to improve the accuracy of prediction for business performance. The proposed model uses a combination of forward selection method to select the optimum attributes and classification models. Business performance data set is used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. From results of experiments show that the combination of forward selection and Naive Bayes model can improve the prediction accuracy of business performance compared to the other classification models, namely Logistic Regression, k-NN, Naive Bayes, C4.5 and Support Vector Machine models significantly. The proposed model also yields better result compared to the other attribute selection using backward elimination method. Keywords: Forward Selection, Naive Bayes, Entrepreneur, Business performance, Classification Models
Wavelet based approach for joint time delay and Doppler stretch measurements

A new wavelet-based algorithm for joint time delay and Doppler stretch estimation in passive radar, sonar, and GPS applications is described. By taking the cross wavelet transform of the noisy outputs from two spatially separated sensors, the wideband cross ambiguity function (WBCAF) can be computed. This in turn provides a direct measurement of the time difference and Doppler stretch between the two signals. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived and the performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed. It is found that the theoretical variances of the estimates are unbiased and approach the CRLB at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In order to improve the accuracy of the estimation under noisy environment, a simple denoising method is introduced. Simulation results are given to corroborate the analysis.
Guidance for Derivation of Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factors (CSAF)—Development and Implementation

This manuscript addresses the content of and considerations in the implementation of guidance in the use of kinetic and dynamic data to inform quantitatively extrapolations for inter-species differences and human variability in dose response assessment developed in a project of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) initiative on Harmonisation of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals. The guidance has been developed and refined through a series of planning and technical meetings and larger workshops of a broad range of participants from academia, government agencies and the private sector. The guidance for adequacy of data for replacement of defaults for interspecies differences and human variability commonly adopted in the derivation of Tolerable or Acceptable Intakes is presented principally through illustrative reference to case examples. The relevant guidance is addressed in the context of several generic categories, including determination of the active chemical species, choice of the appropriate kinetic parameter or endpoint (dynamic component) and nature of experimental data, the latter, which includes reference to the relevance of population, route and dose and the adequacy of the number of subjects/samples
Modeling the Process of Hillslope Soil Erosion in the Loess Plateau

High-peak short-duration surface runoff is the primary cause of severe soil erosion and hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow in the Loess Plateau of China. This paper proposed a model to simulate the process of hillslope soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, which is essential to support environmental friendly land use and conservation policies. Infiltration excess runoff in this region is simulated by calculating the infiltration rate of land surface in each hillslope unit. The time series of surface runoff are used as the input to simulate soil erosion process with the same time step of several minutes. A dimensionless equation with obvious physical basis is proposed to quantify the amount of erosion according to the runoff. Two parameters denoting soil erodibility and microtopography are raised in the equation and are proved reasonable by experimental data. The parameters are further calibrated and validated using data from field plots. At last, satisfiable results are achieved when used the model with continuous rainfall data from a watershed in the Loess Plateau, by which the proposed hillslope soil erosion model is approved playing a crucial part in building up a comprehensive watershed model.
Energy Storing Mechanism for a New Hydraulic-Motor Actuated Robot

A quadruped robot named “Baby Elephant” with parallel legs has been developed. It is about 1 m tall, 1.2 m long and 0.5m wide. It weighs about 130 kg. Driven by a new type of hydraulic actuating system, the Baby Elephant is designed to work as a mechanical carrier. It can carry a payload no less than 50 kg. Operating outdoors using wireless remote control, the robot will be able to traverse uneven terrain applying walking and trotting gaits and can walk up and down 10 degree inclines. The Baby Elephant carries a lithium battery fixed at the belly to supply all the power. This paper describes the structure of the legs and the application of the energy saving mechanisms on the leg. Simulations and experiments are carried out to testify the efficiency of the spring system in terms of energy saving.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Decision feedback equalisation of coded I-Q QPSK in mobile radio environments

The bit error rate (BER) performance of equalised I-Q quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is evaluated for wideband cellular systems. Decision feedback equalisation with the square-root Kalman updating algorithm is employed for I-Q coded systems. A gain of about 6 dB is achieved in favour of the I-Q scheme compared with the conventional Gray-mapped QPSK at a BER of 10/sup -3/.
Cemented versus uncemented arthroplasty for the management of femoral neck fractures in the elderly

Background Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (TKA) are commonly used to treat unstable femoral neck fractures in older patients. However, there is no consensus on the use of cement during hemiarthroplasty and TKA. Previous reviews on this subject included small number of studies and lacked evidence grading of outcomes. In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of cemented and uncemented arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in older patients. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration using online databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Ovid). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) of cemented arthroplasty versus uncemented arthroplasty for treatment of femoral neck fractures were analyzed using Review Manager (version 5.2) software. Results Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cemented arthroplasty was found to be superior to uncemented arthroplasty with respect to reoperation rate, complications related to prosthesis, residual pain, and operation time. There were no significant between-group differences with respect to local and general complications, duration of hospital stay, hip function, and mortality. Conclusion Compared with cemented arthroplasty, uncemented arthroplasty was associated with a greater risk of complications related to prosthesis, reoperation rate, residual pain, and longer operation time. However, the results of this meta-analysis should be interpreted cautiously owing to some limitations. Further studies are required to provide more robust evidence.
Intelligent instrumentation applied in environment management

The use of information and communications technology in environment management and research has witnessed a renaissance in recent years. From optical sensor technology, expert systems, GIS and communications technologies to computer aided harvesting and yield prediction, these systems are increasable used for applications developing in the management sector of natural resources and biodiversity. This paper presents an environmental decision support system, used to monitor biodiversity and present a risk rating for the invasion of pests into the particular systems being examined. This system will utilise expert mobile technology coupled with artificial intelligence and predictive modelling, and will emphasize the potential for expansion into many areas of intelligent remote sensing and computer aided decision-making for environment management or certification. Monitoring and prediction in natural systems, harnessing the potential of computing and communication technologies is an emerging technology within the area of environmental management. This research will lead to the initiation of a hardware and software multi tier decision support system for environment management allowing an evaluation of areas for biodiversity or areas at risk from invasive species, based upon environmental factors/systems.
Intelligent power management of plug–in hybrid electric vehicles, part I: real–time optimum SOC trajectory builder

Offering better fuel economy and lower emissions than conventional vehicles, plug–in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are promising near–term options for high efficiency, 'sustainable' transportation. It has recently been found that these efficiency benefits can be further improved with access to upcoming trip and driving conditions. This study is organised into two parts: in part I, upcoming trip data is used to find the optimal SOC trajectory of our PHEV model that will help minimise the total cost of electricity and fossil fuel. In part II, the optimum SOC trajectory is applied within the real–time controller to optimally distribute propulsion power between two energy sources. Autonomie was used to develop and implement a high fidelity PHEV model. The optimal SOC trajectory which has been found by real–time optimisation technique is in close agreement with the global optimum solution of Dynamic Programming. Moreover, the real–time technique is much less computationally expensive.
Advanced separation processes for sustainable nuclear systems

In the frame of the French national waste management 1991 act, the CEA had launched research and development studies on the separation of the minor actinides - i.e. neptunium, americium and curium - from high active waste issuing from nuclear spent fuel reprocessing. In compliance with the 2006 deadline specified by this act, tests of the main processes developed were realized in 2005 in ATALANTE. As shown by the results summarized in this paper, the feasibility of the processes selected for partitioning was demonstrated. In June 2006, a new act on sustainable management of radioactive waste has been voted by the French parliament with a national plan (PNG-MDR). This plan specifies a step by step programme of HLLL waste management, with, for partitioning-transmutation, a program in tight connection with the 4. generation reactors development in which transmutation of minor actinides could be operated. In this frame, the next important 2012 milestone is the evaluation of the two possible transmutation roads: homogeneous recycling of all the actinides together or minor actinides heterogeneous recycling in UO{sub 2} assemblies in core blankets. The last step could be the building of a small partitioning workshop (micro-pilot) dedicated to the production of fuel assemblies containingmore » minor actinides. (authors)« less
Fractal Antenna Design for Overtaking on Highways in 5G Vehicular Communication Ad-hoc Networks Environment

Vehicular Communication is designed for enhancing road safety and support autonomous driving becoming very popular in the present scenario. The proposed system aims to design a suitable and secured system for overtaking on highways. The main problem faced while driving vehicle on highways is to overtake a larger vehicle on narrow roads, where the driver visibility is limited and it is very risky to overtake from right side as there is a high probability of colliding with the vehicles coming in opposite direction. The proposed system solves the problem by establishing ad-hoc connection in 5G environment with the vehicle to be overtaken. The system consists of a communication unit designed with a controller along with various options which are used to decide when the vehicle can safely overtake. In this way the driver can safely overtake the larger vehicles without any risk of road accidents. The proposed system uses fractal geometry to design the antenna which is used for the vehicle to vehicle communication at 5G frequencies up to 20GHz
Mid-term results of an anterior ilioischial plating for complex acetabular fractures with a combined anterior approach: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Bi-columnar plating via combined anterior and posterior approaches is routinely applied treatment for complex acetabular fractures with noteworthy shortcomings. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the anterior plating with an ilioischial plate through the combined anterior approach for complex acetabular fracture treatment. Methods: Patients with complex acetabular fractures treated at our trauma centre between January 2015 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Fractures were stabilized with an ilioischial plate via a modified Stoppa approach combined with the 1st window of the ilioinguinal approach. Interval between injury and surgery, operative time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. Fracture reduction was evaluated radiographically with the modified Matta's criteria at 3 days postoperatively. Postoperative hip function was assessed using the modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel clinical grading system over at least 1 year postoperatively. Results: Twenty patients were included with an average follow-up of 17 months (range, 13-28). The mean time interval between injury and surgery was 7.0 days (range, 3-13 days), operative time was 2.0 hours (range, 1.4-3.2 hours), and intraoperative blood loss was 320 mL (range, 220-450 mL). Fracture reduction was excellent in 15 cases (75%), good in 3 cases (15%), fair in 1 case (5%), and poor in 1 case (5%). Final hip function was excellent in 13 cases (68%), good in 3 cases (16%), fair in 2 cases (11%), and poor in 1 case (5%). Bony healing was achieved in all cases and few complications were reported including recoverable obturator nerve injuries in 2 patients (10%) and traumatic arthritis in 1 patient (5%). Conclusions: Anterior fixation of complex acetabular fractures with an ilioischial plate via the combined anterior approach yielded clinically satisfactory mid-term outcomes, providing a potentially effective alternative to the conventional treatment algorithm.
Four-wave mixing, nonlinear dynamics, and noise in laser diodes

We report experimental measurements and numerical calculations of the effects of strong, nearly-degenerate optical injection in a nearly single-mode, Fabry-Perot laser diode. The noise spectra and the response to weak optical injection of the laser diode are well characterized by a model, based on the coupled electric-field and carrier-density equations, which includes the effects of gain saturation and the weak side modes. Beyond the perturbation regime, the laser exhibits new operating characteristics, including an output which involves rapid fluctuations among several longitudinal modes and spectral broadening of the principal mode. The laser dynamics strongly depends on the injected optical power and the frequency offset between the external input and the free-running oscillation. Numerical simulations are conducted using the full coupled-equation model for a strictly single-mode laser without noise.
High‐frequency response analysis via algebraic substructuring

High‐frequency response analysis (Hi‐FRA) of large‐scale dynamical systems is critical to predict the resonant behavior of modern micro‐devices and systems operated over MHz or GHz frequency range. Algebraic substructuring (AS) is a powerful technique to extract a large number of natural frequencies. In this work, we extend the AS technique for FRA between two specified cutoff frequencies ωmin and ωmax. The technique is referred to as ASFRA. ASFRA can be efficiently applied to Hi‐FRA, as demonstrated by two examples of microelectromechanical sensors operated at 1–2 and 200–250 MHz ranges. To some extent ASFRA generalizes the underlying numerical algorithm and functionality of commercially viable automated multi‐level substructuring (AMLS) technique. AMLS is designed for FRA up to a specific frequency ωmax, starting from the lowest, and is inefficient for Hi‐FRA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MEKANISME KERJA BONE GRAFT DARI CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa) DAN TERIPANG EMAS (Stichopus hermanni)PADA PENYEMBUHAN TULANG ALVEOLAR PASCA PENCABUTAN GIGI

Background: Complication post-extraction can cause alveolar bone loss. Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) is one of potential bone graft materials that can be synthesized from Anadara granosa’s shell. On the other side, Stichopus hermanni contain beneficial hyaluronic acid to stimulate healing procces. Purpose: This research aims to investigate mechanism of action of bone graft from Anadara granosa shell-Stichopus hermanni on alveolar bone healing process after tooth extraction. Material and Methods: sixty male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups. Lower left incisor was extracted, then given placebo for group control (C), treatment group was administered with scaffold from Anadara granosa’s shells (AG), and a treatment group with scaffold from blood cockle shell- Stichopus hermanni with concentration of 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1,6% (AGSH1-AGSH2- AGSH3). We made bone graft from combination of Anadara granosa-Stichopus hermanni extract using freeze-dried method. The socket was sutured by silk braid immediately. 3th-7th days after removal, animals are sacrificed for mandibles. Expression of CD44, IL-10, and BMP2 were examined with immunohistochemistry, as well as osteoblas, blood vessel, osteoclast and woven bone were examined with hematoxillin eosin. Data were analyzed with univariate test followed by post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results: The results showed CD44, IL-10, BMP2 expression, blood vessels, osteoblast, and large of woven bone were increased, while osteoclast was decreased. Path analysis correlation showed the relationship causalistic between Anadara granosa’s shell-Stichopus hermanni affect CD44, IL-10, BMP2, blood vessels, osteoblast, osteoclast and woven bone. Conclusions: Bone graft from combination of Anadara granosa’s shell-Stichopus hermanni 0.8% effective to accelerate the alveolar bone healing process after tooth extraction