Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivations for servitization: the impact of product complexity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the commonalities and differences in manufacturers’ motivations to servitise. Design/methodology/approach – UK study based on interviews with 40 managers in 25 companies in 12 sectors. Using the concept of product complexity, sectors were grouped using the Complex Products and Systems (CoPS) typology: non-complex products, complex products and systems. Findings – Motivations to servitise were categorised as competitive, demand based (i.e. derived from the customer) or economic. Motivations to servitise vary according to product complexity, although cost savings and improved service quality appear important demand-based motivations for all manufacturers. Non-complex product manufacturers also focus on services to help product differentiation. For CoPS manufacturers, both risk reduction and developing a new revenue stream were important motivations. For uniquely complex product manufacturers, stabilising revenue and increased profitability were strong motivations. For uniquely systems manufacturers, customers sought business transformation, whilst new service business models were also identified. Research limitations/implications – Using the CoPS typology, this study delineates motivations to servitise by sector. The findings show varying motivations to servitise as product complexity increases, although some motivational commonality existed across all groups. Manufacturers may have products of differing complexity within their portfolio. To overcome this limitation the unit of analysis was the strategic business unit. Practical implications – Managers can reflect on and benchmark their motivation for, and opportunities from, servitisation, by considering product complexity. Originality/value – The first study to categorise servitisation motivations by product complexity. Identifying that some customers of systems manufacturers seek business transformation through outsourcing.
‘Driven to Distraction?’: Children's Experiences of Car Travel

Cars have become increasingly significant features in the lives of many children and adults in the UK and elsewhere. Whilst there is a growing body of research considering how adults experience automobility, that is the increasingly central role of cars within societies, there has been little equivalent research exploring children's perspectives. Drawing upon a variety of methods including personal diaries, photographs, in‐depth interviews and surveys amongst schools within Buckinghamshire and North London, the paper contributes to filling this gap in existing research through exploring how cars are not only journey spaces for children, but are also sites for play, relaxation, homework, companionship, technology and the consumption of commodities. Using a Foucauldian analysis of power, insights into wider familial processes relating to mobility are provided by exploring how cars are sites of conflicting power relations between parents and children. The paper also explores how children's everyday experiences of cars were framed by wider sets of power relations, including car corporations which design and manufacture these spaces, and the role of capital which commodifies everyday activities in cars. In doing so, the paper challenges existing research on automobility for only focusing upon adults' experiences of cars and begins to theorise a more inclusive account of automobility which incorporates children and young people.
Analyse et détection de logiciels malveillants

Résumé L’accroissement du nombre de logiciels malveillants ainsi que les techniques de furtivité employées permettent d’infecter de nombreuses cibles. Les mécanismes de protection de plus en plus complexes les rendent difficiles à analyser et détecter. Nous proposons d’étudier une méthode permettant de contrôler les accès mémoires d’un programme et ainsi en extraire la charge utile en cas de paquetage du binaire. La détection d’un éventuel comportement malveillant s’appuie sur l’apprentissage automatique. Nous garantissons une intégration transparente pour les applications dans l’espace utilisateur ainsi qu’un faible impact sur les performances. Cette approche bas niveau a pour objectif de minimiser les effets de bord sur le système.
Towards a New Theory of the Concept of Gameplay

This paper presents a new theory of gameplay partially inspired by phenomenology and Martin Heidegger’s concept of Dasein.1 The goal of the paper is to show – to some extent, at least – the inherent complexities and convoluted layers of play-presence and game-progression which exist in the playing of a game. Rather than settle with a synonym for fun, player excitement during the playing of a game, or the more abstract relation between player input and machine output, let us take the composite nature of the concept seriously: There is playing and there is gaming in gameplay. The challenge is to identify the exact undercurrents of such an internal symmetry and to determine the proper methodological framework for observations and conceptual refinements of what it means to play a game. In order to comprehend the crux of playing and gaming – and the two of them combined in gameplay – we must first understand and, in a way, make peace with the fact that the epistemological and ontological nature of gameplay is inescapably interwoven. To ask the ontological question about the being of gameplay, the way gameplay features or qualifies as a ‘thing’2, is discerningly close to enquiring epistemologically about the practice of gameplay: what it feels like to ‘be’ in gameplay.3 The same tricky entanglement goes for the term ‘game’. Is it a system (artefact) or an activity (Leino, 2009; Stenros, 2017)? We can distinguish between the two modes in a systemic or an analytical fashion (author, 2003), although in real life, which is to say all the time, they are knitted together. Using the German philosopher Martin Heidegger’s notion of Dasein (‘there-being’), which he primarily developed in his famed thesis Sein und Zeit (‘Being and Time’; Heidegger, 2010), I shall try to explain the subtleties of gameplay as a clash between presence, or ‘play’, and progression, or ‘game’. This way, the object-activity polarity in the concept of gameplay is not resolved but instead used as a guide to unstitch the knotty tiers of gameplay.
Unsupervised Vehicle Re-identification Using Triplet Networks

Vehicle re-identification plays a major role in modern smart surveillance systems. Specifically, the task requires the capability to predict the identity of a given vehicle, given a dataset of known associations, collected from different views and surveillance cameras. Generally, it can be cast as a ranking problem: given a probe image of a vehicle, the model needs to rank all database images based on their similarities w.r. t the probe image. In line with recent research, we devise a metric learning model that employs a supervision based on local constraints. In particular, we leverage pairwise and triplet constraints for training a network capable of assigning a high degree of similarity to samples sharing the same identity, while keeping different identities distant in feature space. Eventually, we show how vehicle tracking can be exploited to automatically generate a weakly labelled dataset that can be used to train the deep network for the task of vehicle re-identification. Learning and evaluation is carried out on the NVIDIA AI city challenge videos.
Structural effects of English–German language contact in translation on concessive constructions in business articles

Abstract Studies on a variety of languages have observed a shift away from hypotactic, hierarchical structures towards paratactic, incremental structures, and have attributed this to language contact with English in translation. This paper investigates such a shift towards parataxis as the preferred structure of concessive constructions in German business articles. To this effect, a diachronic corpus method that has been applied to popular science articles in existing studies is adopted and applied to business articles, in an attempt to reproduce existing findings for this genre. This method is complemented by a corpus of manuscripts which allow to control for the effect of editing on the translated texts. Based on the analysis of hypotactic and paratactic translations of English concessive conjunctions between 1982/83 and 2008, I argue that hypotactic structures are indeed used less frequently in translated texts, but that this development is restricted to translated language. In non-translated texts, the use of hypotactic conjunctions has increased. The use of sentence-initial conjunctions, however, does seem to spread in this genre (as was reported for popular science), which may be further evidence for it to be a case of language change through contact in translation.
Analysis of Authentication Method

: The iris authentication method gives the more security privacy preserving and cross matching resistance are the properties that iris biometric security system must implement during authentication. There are two categories of biometric identifiers namely physiological and behavioral characteristics. A large portion of system breaches proxy based or biometrics based are caused by authentication method. In this, I survey a biometrics based user centric authentication approach. This method involves introducing a reference subject (RS), securely fusing the user iris biometrics with the RS, generating a BioCapsule (BC) from the fused biometrics, and employing BC for authentication. Such as approach is user friendly, privacy-preserving and revocable once a BC is compromised. The fusion process applies to different stages of biometric processing such as signal, feature or template level. The fusion based BC construction is more usable and flexible, while also secure, resilient to different attacks, and tolerant to the closure of both the RS and BC. It also supports “one—click sign-on” across system by fusing the user’s biometrics with a distinct RS on each system.
A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Bluegrass Genus Poa Based on cpDNA Restriction Site Data

Abstract Poa, with about 575 species, is the largest genus of grasses, and has diversified throughout temperate, boreal, and arctic regions, and similar habitats through the tropics. This new phylogenetic study of Poa based on analysis of restriction site data from PCR amplified regions of chloroplast DNA (trnT-trnF, trnF-trnV, trnV-rbcL, rbcL-ORF106, trnH-trnK) expands previous sampling in the genus to where 1/5 to 1/6 of the species have been characterized for chloroplast DNA types. A broad phylogenetic structure detected in a previous study using restriction site mapping of Poa chloroplast DNA gained additional and robust support. Accounting for extended intra- and extrageneric sampling, Poa remains monophyletic if Austrofestuca and Parodiochloa are included as sections within P. subg. Poa, and if Poa subg. Andinae is removed from the genus. Two new combinations are made: Poa sect. Austrofestuca and Poa sect. Parodiochloa. This new analysis supports the recognition of five major clades within Poa: 1) ArcSyl, Poa subg. Arctopoa sects. Arctopoa and Aphydris, and P. subg. Poa sect. Sylvestres; 2) BAPO, P. subg. Poa sects. (Bolbophorum + Alpinae) (Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa); 3) SPOSTA, P. subg. Poa sects. (Secundae (Pandemos (Orienos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae))); 4) PoM, P. subg. Poa sects. (Poa + Macropoa); 5) HAMBADD, P. subg. Poa sects. (Homalopoa, Acutifolae, Brizoides, Madropoa, Austrofestuca, Dasypoa, Dioicopoa, and informal groups “Punapoa” and “Australopoa”). These clades diverge in the following arrangement from the outgroups: ArcSyl (BAPO (SPOSTA ((PoM) (HAMBADD))).
Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Support by Public Health Nurses in Japan

This study aimed to explore breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHNs) working in Japanese municipalities in order to promote a breastfeeding-friendly environment. We interviewed 20 participants including five PHNs, four midwives, four doctors (one obstetrician and three pediatricians), and seven mothers who experienced breastfeeding between June and August 2010 and analyzed the data using content analysis. Collected data were classified into four categories including “collecting information”, “assessment”, “direct and individual support”, and “support for group and community” with 15 subcategories: infant’s condition, mother’s condition, mother-infant relationship, child rearing environment, mother’s state-of-mind, identifying necessary support, psychological support, concrete support, breastfeeding on demand, necessary information, advice to supporters, introducing services, breastfeeding-friendly environment, breastfeeding support groups and cooperation with relevant organization. This study suggested that the PHNs’ responsibilities for breastfeeding support should be extended beyond the currently understood scope of their duties. The study demonstrated that PNH needed to create a breastfeeding-friendly environment that included networking with breast care support organizations and peer groups and to promote breastfeeding in public areas including the workplace.
Inferential control of a wafer stage using disturbance observers

In high-precision motion systems it is often not possible to directly measure at the location where performance is required. Therefore, performance variables need to be inferred from non-collocated sensor measurements. If flexible behavior is negligible, a static sensor transformation is used to find a rigid-body (RB) approximation of the performance variable. However, for next-generation motion systems positioning accuracy is ever-increasing, leading to a situation where flexible dynamics are not negligible. As a result, traditional single degree-of-freedom (DOF) controllers are inadequate [1]. The aim of this research is to control the unmeasured performance variable while taking flexible behavior into account, through 2-DOF controller structures and disturbance observers.
Connectivity of Wireless Sensor Networks Secured by the Heterogeneous Random Pairwise Key Predistribution Scheme

We investigate the connectivity of wireless sensor networks secured by the heterogeneous random pairwise key predistribution scheme. In contrast to the homogeneous scheme proposed by Chan et al., where each node is paired (offline) with K other nodes chosen uniformly at random; herein, each node is classified as class-1 with probability µ or class-2 with probability 1 - µ, for 0 < µ < 1, independently. Then, each class-1 (respectively, class-2) node is paired (offline) with K1 (respectively, K2) other nodes selected uniformly at random. We consider the particular case when K1 = 1 and K 2 = K. The heterogeneous random pairwise scheme induces an inhomogeneous random K-out graph H(n; µ, Kn), where n denotes the number of nodes and Kn denotes a scaling of K with respect to the network size n. Hence, establishing the connectivity of wireless sensor networks secured by the heterogeneous random pairwise scheme maps to deriving conditions on how to scale Kn with respect to the network size n such that the graph is connected with high probability as n tends to infinity. With K1 = 1, we show that i) when Kn = K for all n = 2,3, … for a positive, finite integer K with K ≥ 2, the resulting graph is not connected with a positive probability. In this case, we derive a tight upper bound on the probability of connectivity and verify the results via simulations. Moreover, ii) we prove that when Kn is chosen such that $lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}K_{n}=\infty$, the graph is connected with high probability as n tends to infinity.
Ecology and Distribution of Copepods from the Salt Pan Ecosystems of Mumbai, West Coast of India

Ecology, distribution and diversity of Copepod collected from two salt pans of Mumbai, India, are presented. Copepods, the main zooplankton components, consisted mainly of Bestiolina similis, Acartia southwelli, Oithona sp. , O. similis, O. hebes and Mesochra sp. The species distribution showed pulses and peaks with harpacticoids dominating in extreme environmental conditions. The diversity and seasonal variations of species were considered in relation to environmental conditions. The study contemplates on the modification of a diverse community of copepods of the creek salt works into a simplified ecosystem of low complexity based on the influence of environmental factors on the copepods density. The prevailing environmental conditions of the salt pan systems are unique and play a prominent role explaining about 80% of the seasonal variations in the secondary production (P<0.05). Both have emerged as independent systems maintaining their identity. Cyclopoids and harpacticoids were observed in swarms tiding over adverse conditions by dormant eggs. This study on density and diversity of copepods, for the first time in India, lacking from saltpans of India, shows dormant eggs constitute a biodiversity bank, offsetting environmental disasters and helping in repopulation and conservation.
Imaging theory of nonlinear second harmonic and third harmonic generations in confocal microscopy

The imaging theory of nonlinear second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) in confocal microscopy is presented in this paper. The nonlinear effect of SHG and THG on the imaging properties of confocal microscopy has been analyzed in detail by the imaging theory. It is proved that the imaging process of SHG and THG in confocal microscopy, which is different from conventional coherent imaging or incoherent imaging, can be divided into two different processes of coherent imaging. The three-dimensional point spread functions (3D-PSF) of SHG and THG confocal microscopy are derived based on the nonlinear principles of SHG and THG. The imaging properties of SHG and THG confocal microscopy are discussed in detail according to its 3D-PSF. It is shown that the resolution of SHG and THG confocal microscopy is higher than that of single-and two-photon confocal microscopy.
Robust neuronal oscillatory entrainment to speech displays individual variation in lateralisation

ABSTRACT Neural oscillations may be instrumental for the tracking and segmentation of continuous speech. Earlier work has suggested that delta, theta and gamma oscillations entrain to the speech rhythm. We used magnetoencephalography and a large sample of 102 participants to investigate oscillatory entrainment to speech, and observed robust entrainment of delta and theta activity, and weak group-level gamma entrainment. We show that the peak frequency and the hemispheric lateralisation of the entrainment are subject to considerable individual variability. The first finding may support the involvement of intrinsic oscillations in entrainment, and the second finding suggests that there is no systematic default right-hemispheric bias for processing acoustic signals on a slow time scale. Although low frequency entrainment to speech is a robust phenomenon, the characteristics of entrainment vary across individuals, and this variation is important for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of entrainment, as well as its functional significance.
Differences in the degree of stretching applied to Achilles tendon fibers when the calcaneus is pronated or supinated

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the degree of stretching (%) that is applied to each of the tendon fiber bundles that compose the Achilles tendon (AT) by twist type when the calcaneus is pronated or supinated. Methods: Three AT twist types (least, moderate, extreme twists), one for each type were investigated. Using the MicroScribe system, the AT and the calcaneal tuberosity were digitized to reconstruct three-dimensional models. Using this system, the calcaneus rotations in the pronation (20°) and supination (20°) directions were simulated, and the degrees of stretching (%) of each tendon were calculated. Results: For all twist types, when the calcaneus was pronated, the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral head of the gastrocnemius (LG) shortened and the soleus muscle (Sol) stretched, and when supinated, MG and LG stretched and Sol shortened. In particular, severe twist type had the largest degree of stretching of Sol when the calcaneus was pronated (Type I: 1.7% ± 3.4%, Type II: 2.4% ± 1.4%, Type III: 3.7% ± 6.0%), and furthermore, each tendon fiber composing Sol had different degrees of stretching. Conclusions: ​The study results suggest that the degree of stretching applied within the AT with calcaneus pronation is not constant, and that, especially in Type III twists, the risk of developing AT disorders may increase.
Characterization of a New Streptomyces Strain, DS3024, That Causes Potato Common Scab.

A novel strain of Streptomyces (named DS3024) was isolated from a potato field in Michigan in 2006. The taxonomy of the organism was determined by morphology, biochemistry, and genetic analysis. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence indicated that the organism was most similar to an isolate of Streptomyces sp. , ME02-6979.3a, which is not pathogenic to potato tubers but is distinct from other known pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Strain DS3024 has genes that encode thaxtomin synthetase (txtAB), which is required for pathogenicity and virulence, and tomatinase (tomA), which is a common marker for many pathogenic Streptomyces spp. However, the nec1 gene (associated with virulence in most pathogenic Streptomyces spp.) was not detected. The new strain was capable of growth at pH 4.5, caused necrosis on potato tuber slices, and produced thaxtomin A. In greenhouse experiments, DS3024 caused scab symptoms on potato tubers similar to those caused by Streptomyces scabies on tubers of potato cv. Atlantic, which is scab susceptible. We propose that DS3024 is a new strain of Streptomyces capable of causing common scab on potato tubers. The prevalence of this strain of Streptomyces in potato-producing areas in the north-central United States has not been determined.
A user study on kinesthetic teaching of redundant robots in task and configuration space

The recent advent of compliant and kinematically redundant robots poses new research challenges for human-robot interaction. While these robots provide a great degree of flexibility for the realization of complex applications, the flexibility gained generates the need for additional modeling steps and definition of criteria for redundancy resolution constraining the robot's movement generation. The explicit modeling of such criteria usually require experts to adapt the robot's movement generation subsystem. A typical way of dealing with this configuration challenge is to utilize kinesthetic teaching by guiding the robot to implicitly model the specific constraints in task and configuration space. We argue that current programming-by-demonstration approaches are not efficient for kinesthetic teaching of redundant robots and show that typical teach-in procedures are too complex for novice users. In order to enable non-experts to master the configuration and programming of a redundant robot in the presence of non-trivial constraints such as confined spaces, we propose a new interaction scheme combining kinesthetic teaching and learning within an integrated system architecture. We evaluated this approach in a user study with 49 industrial workers at HARTING, a medium-sized manufacturing company. The results show that the interaction concepts implemented on a KUKA Lightweight Robot IV are easy to handle for novice users, demonstrate the feasibility of kinesthetic teaching for implicit constraint modeling in configuration space, and yield significantly improved performance for the teach-in of trajectories in task space.