Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk and Benefit Perceptions of Mobile Phone and Base Station Technology in Bangladesh

Research in developed countries showed that many citizens perceive that radio signals transmitted by mobile phones and base stations represent potential health risks. Less research has been conducted in developing countries focused on citizen perceptions of risks and benefits, despite the recent and rapid introduction of mobile communication technologies. This study aims to identify factors that are influential in determining the tradeoffs that Bangladeshi citizens make between risks and benefits in terms of mobile phone technology acceptance and health concerns associated with the technology. Bangladesh was selected as representative of many developing countries inasmuch as terrestrial telephone infrastructure is insubstantial, and mobile phone use has expanded rapidly over the last decade, even among the poor. Issues of importance were identified in a small‐scale qualitative study among Bangladeshi citizens (n = 13), followed by a survey within a sample of Bangladeshi citizens (n = 500). The results demonstrate that, in general, the perceived benefits of mobile phone technology outweigh the risks. The perceived benefits are primarily related to the social and personal advantages of mobile phone use, including the ability to receive emergency news about floods, cyclones, and other natural disasters. Base stations were seen as a symbol of societal advance. The results furthermore suggest that overall risk perceptions are relatively low, in particular health risks, and are primarily driven by perceptions that related to crime and social inconvenience. Perceived health risks are relatively small. These findings show that risk communication and management may be particularly effective when contextual factors of the society where the system is implemented are taken into consideration.
Validation of a flow cytometry‐based assay to assess C5aR receptor occupancy on neutrophils and monocytes for use in drug development

The C5a/C5a receptor (C5aR) pathway, a key component in the proinflammatory immune response, is an attractive therapeutic target since its dysregulation is implicated in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. The objective of the present study was to validate a receptor occupancy (RO) assay for a human anti‐C5aR monoclonal antibody drug candidate, NNC0215‐0384 (NN0384). This flow cytometry‐based assay measures the percentage (%), median fluorescence intensity (MFI), and molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) of NN0384 binding to its target cells, neutrophils and monocytes, in whole blood from normal healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with clinically active disease. The validation parameters assessed included postcollection and postprocessing sample stability, intra‐ and interassay precision, an analyst‐to‐analyst comparison, a comparison of normal healthy donor and RA patient sample postcollection stability, and a laboratory‐to‐laboratory comparison and assay transfer. The cumulative results indicate that the assay was reproducible, met the clearly defined acceptance criteria for the validation parameters tested, and was transferable to another laboratory. In conclusion, this RO assay is suitable for use to accrue pharmacodynamic biomarker data in a multicenter, global clinical trial. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Motivation Precedes Goal Setting in Prediction of Cannabis Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents

abstract Studies have shown that motivation to change is related to better substance use outcomes among treatment-seeking adolescents. Goal setting, which may be related to motivation, also has been shown to be associated with positive treatment outcomes. However, relationships between motivation and goal setting as mediators of change in cannabis use over time among treated youths have not been investigated. This study tested direct and indirect associations of motivation and goal setting with cannabis use frequency over 12-month follow-up among treated adolescents. A longitudinal study of 163 adolescents enrolled in intensive outpatient substance use treatment (mean age = 16.69, 34% female, 87% Caucasian) provided repeated assessment of motivation, goal setting, and cannabis use. Path analysis tested direct and indirect effects of motivation and goal setting on cannabis use. A comparison of two path models that tested motivation and goal setting independently showed that goal setting had better model fit and accounted for more of the variance in six-month (R2 = .35) and 12-month (R2 = .46) cannabis use frequency than motivation (R2 = .28, .44, respectively). When both mediators were included in the same model, better model fit was found for motivation preceding goal setting in the context of double mediation. Overall, results suggest that goal setting, or the combination of motivation preceding goal setting in a double mediation model, predicted lower cannabis use in treated adolescents.
Thymic output: Assessment of CD4+ recent thymic emigrants and T‐Cell receptor excision circles in infants

CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (CD4+ RTEs) constitute a subset of T cells recently generated in the thymus and exported into peripheral blood. CD4+ RTEs have increased copy numbers of T‐cell receptor excision circles (TREC). They are characterized by the expression of CD31 on naïve CD4 T‐cells. We aimed to validate a flow‐cytometry assay to enumerate CD4+ RTEs and assess its performance in relation to TREC measurement.
Factorial invariance and stability of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scales: a longitudinal analysis of two samples with different time lags.

BACKGROUND Key measures of Siegrist's (1996) Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model (i.e., efforts, rewards, and overcommitment) were psychometrically tested. PURPOSE To study change in organizational interventions, knowledge about the type of change underlying the instruments used is needed. Next to assessing baseline factorial validity and reliability, the factorial stability over time - known as alpha-beta-gamma change - of the ERI scales was examined. METHODS Psychometrics were tested among 383 and 267 healthcare workers from two Dutch panel surveys with different time lags. RESULTS Baseline results favored a five-factor model (i.e., efforts, esteem rewards, financial/career-related aspects, job security, and overcommitment) over and above a three-factor solution (i.e., efforts, composite rewards, and overcommitment). Considering changes as a whole, particularly the factor loadings of the three ERI scales were not equal over time. Findings suggest in general that moderate changes in the ERI factor structure did not affect the interpretation of mean changes over time. CONCLUSION Occupational health researchers utilizing the ERI scales can feel confident that self-reported changes are more likely to be due to factors other than structural change of the ERI scales over time, which has important implications for evaluating job stress and health interventions.
Small Sample Statistics for Incomplete Nonnormal Data: Extensions of Complete Data Formulae and a Monte Carlo Comparison

Incomplete nonnormal data are common occurrences in applied research. Although these 2 problems are often dealt with separately by methodologists, they often cooccur. Very little has been written about statistics appropriate for evaluating models with such data. This article extends several existing statistics for complete nonnormal data to incomplete data and evaluates their performance via a Monte Carlo study. The focus is on statistics that also perform well in small samples. The following statistics are defined and studied: corrected residual-based statistic, residual-based F statistic, scaled chi-square, adjusted chi-square, Bartlett-corrected scaled chi-square, and Swain-corrected scaled chi-square. Both Type I error rates and power are studied with missing completely at random nonnnormally distributed data and varying degrees of nonnormality. Sample size, model size, and number of variables containing missingness are also varied. For power comparisons, both minor and major model misspecifications are considered. Two statistics had the best Type I error control and power: the adjusted chi-square and Bartlett-corrected chi-square. These statistics are recommended to practitioners. It is concluded that model fit can be assessed reliably and with sufficient power even at the intersection of all 3 problems: incomplete data, nonnormality, and small sample size.
AIEOP‐BFM Consensus Guidelines 2016 for Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FCM) is a worldwide mainstay in leukemia diagnostics. For concordant multicentric application, however, a gap exists between available classification systems, technologic standardization, and clinical needs. The AIEOP‐BFM consortium induced an extensive standardization and validation effort between its nine national reference laboratories collaborating in immunophenotyping of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We elaborated common guidelines which take advantage of the possibilities of multi‐color FCM: marker panel requirements, immunological blast gating, in‐sample controls, tri‐partite antigen expression rating (negative vs. weak or strong positive) with capturing of blast cell heterogeneities and subclone formation, refined ALL subclassification, and a dominant lineage assignment algorithm able to distinguish “simple” from bilineal/“complex” mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) cases, which is essential for choice of treatment. These guidelines are a first step toward necessary inter‐laboratory standardization of pediatric leukemia immunophenotyping for a concordant multicentric application. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Barriers to the Use of Traditional Telephones by Older Adults with Chronic Health Conditions

As people age, they face motor, sensory, and cognitive decline that may compromise their performance of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Telephone use is an important instrumental activity of daily living for older adults, but many have difficulty in making and receiving calls. Today, there are many features that can be added to the telephone that can help compensate for impairments, but often these features are not used. To better understand the problems of older adults in using their telephones, we surveyed 609 older adults living in the community who had chronic health conditions. Interviews were conducted face-to-face, by telephone, or by mail. The most common reasons for not using more telephone special features were cost, lack of perceived need, and lack of knowledge of the features. Occupational therapists who work with older adults must understand the importance of telephones in their lives and offer them information and assistance in finding telephones with features that match their special needs. The findings of this study suggest that a significant number of older adults with chronic health conditions are unaware of low-cost, feature-laden telephones that could make their communications easier or, for some, possible.
Multidisciplinary Trauma Intensive Care Unit Checklist: Impact on Infection Rates

The purpose of this study was to implement a multidisciplinary daily quality checklist in a trauma intensive care setting to determine adherence to infection prevention protocols as well as the impact on infection and complications. Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed a checklist incorporating evidence-based practice guidelines for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. Infection rates were monitored and correlated with checklist completion. Results: Central line, urinary tract infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased during the study period by 100%, 26%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: Initiation of a multidisciplinary daily quality checklist is correlated with decreased infection rates in a trauma intensive care setting.
Prognostic Validation of the Body Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise Capacity (BODE) Index in Inoperable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: To investigate the prognostic utility of the body mass index, severity of airflow obstruction, measures of exertional dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index in patients with inoperable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with inoperable NSCLC and performance status 0 to 3 completed pulmonary function testing, the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, a 6-minute walk test, and body mass index—the multidimensional 10-point BODE index. Cox proportional models were used to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality according to the BODE index with or without adjustment for traditional prognostic factors. Results: Median follow-up was 31.5 months; 61 deaths (61%) were reported during this period. There was a significant univariate association between the BODE index score and mortality (adjusted ptrend = 0.027). Compared with patients with a BODE index of 0, the adjusted hazard ratio for risk of death was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–2.55) for a BODE index of 1, 1.22 (95% CI, 0.45–3.25) for a BODE index of 2, and 2.44 (95% CI, 1.19–4.99) for a BODE index more than 2. The BODE index provided incremental prognostic information beyond that provided traditional markers of prognosis (adjusted ptrend = 0.051). Every one-point increase in the BODE index, the risk of death increased by 25% (hazard ratio = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.27–4.64). Conclusions: The BODE index is a strong independent predictor of survival in inoperable NSCLC beyond traditional risk factors. Use of this multidimensional tool may improve risk stratification and prognostication in NSCLC.
Nonresponse, partial response, and failure to achieve remission: humanistic and cost burden in major depressive disorder

Objective: To characterize the spectrum of clinical outcomes achieved with depression treatment and the associated impact on quality of life (QOL), functional status, overall well‐being, health‐care costs, and productivity. Sources: Electronic databases including Medline were searched for English language sources between 1995 and 2007 using key words of depression, nonresponse, partial response, and remission and QOL, functional status, utility, cost, and productivity. Study selection: Relevant abstracts were obtained for 488 references and full‐text articles were reviewed that included primary data and compared outcomes by treatment response. Data were abstracted from 26 full‐text articles. Data abstraction: Detailed evidence tables were prepared with the relevant data as well as information on the study design. All data abstracted were checked for accuracy. Synthesis: Treatment remitters and partial responders reported clinically and statistically significant improvements in QOL, functional status, and overall well‐being compared to nonresponders. Annual health‐care costs and productivity losses were significantly lower for remitters and partial responders compared to nonresponders. Conclusions: The reduced disease burden for remitters and partial responders compared to nonresponders indicates that new treatment strategies that improve the rates of response/remission with initial treatment might have value to patients and to society. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric properties of the Trauma Assessment for Adults

Background: The Trauma Assessment for Adults (TAA) was developed to facilitate the assessment of exposure to traumatic events that could result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The TAA inquires about numerous potentially traumatic events that an individual may have experienced. Although the TAA has been used extensively for clinical and research purposes, its psychometric properties have never been formally evaluated. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the psychometric properties of this frequently used measure. Methods: The studies reported here describe the performance of the TAA in two samples—college undergraduates (N=142) and community mental health center clients (N=67). Among undergraduates, 1‐week temporal stability was evaluated and, in both samples, item‐ and scale‐level convergence of the TAA with an established trauma exposure measure was assessed. Convergence of the TAA with clinically related constructs was also evaluated. Results: The TAA exhibited adequate temporal stability (r=.80) and satisfactory item‐level convergence with existing measures of trauma history among college students. In the clinical sample, the TAA again converged well with an established measure of trauma exposure (r=.65). It was not as strongly predictive, in either sample, of trauma‐related distress relative to an alternate trauma exposure measure. Conclusion: Although it performs satisfactorily, the TAA does not appear to be superior to other existing measures of trauma exposure. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive Value of One-Dimensional Mean Computed Tomography Value of Ground-Glass Opacity on High-Resolution Images for the Possibility of Future Change

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical and radiological findings and the progression of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and to identify risk factors that predict the outcome of pure GGO lesions. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 63 nodules of pure GGO. Clinical characteristics, the largest diameter, shape, and marginal characteristics, and one-dimensional mean computed tomography (m-CT) value of the GGO lesions were evaluated. During follow-up, 12 GGO lesions increased in size, and 17 appeared as solid portion. These 29 lesions were classified as growth group, and the remaining 34 lesions as stable group. Results: The m-CT values were −634.9 ± 15.3 and −712.1 ± 14.1 HU for the growth and stable groups, respectively. The growth group was strongly associated with high m-CT values (p = 0.0007) and a history of lung cancer (p = 0.0389), whereas association with smoking habits and the shape of the GGO nodules was marginal. The m-CT values and a history of lung cancer were independent predictors for future changes in GGO lesions (p = 0.0023 and p = 0.0129, respectively). Sixteen of 18 lesions (88.9%) in patients without a history of lung cancer and with low m-CT values showed no nodule changes. Conclusions: The m-CT value of GGO lesions is a risk factor associated with their future change. The interval of follow-up CT scanning or treatment policy should be determined considering the m-CT value.
The Clinical Relevance of Pathologic Subtypes in Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma

Introduction: The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification of lung adenocarcinoma recommends identification of pathologic patterns in metastatic samples where possible. We investigated the clinical relevance of these patterns. Methods: Patients with a surgical biopsy of lung adenocarcinoma from a metastatic site were included. Slides were reviewed by an anatomical pathologist identifying the histologic patterns of solid with mucin, acinar, micropapillary, papillary, and assigning a major adenocarcinoma subtype according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. EGFR and KRAS mutation testing were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Mutations were detected by high resolution melting assay with high resolution melting-positive samples confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: One-hundred patients were included. The major histologic subtype prevalence was as follows: solid (50), acinar (29), micropapillary (20), and papillary (1). Of 100 patients, 45 received no systemic therapy with no overall survival differences seen by histologic subtype and 55 received systemic therapy (chemoradiotherapy with curative intent or palliative chemotherapy). Worse survival was seen in the major solid histologic subtype compared with major acinar (hazard ratio 0.32 [95% confidence interval 0.15–0.68], p = 0.003) and micropapillary subtypes (hazard ratio 0.34 [95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.69], p = 0.003). The major solid histologic subtype was less likely to harbor EGFR mutations (p = 0.006) and was less frequent in never smokers (p = 0.010) compared with other histologic subtypes. Conclusion: The major solid histologic subtype of lung adenocarcinoma at metastatic sites is associated with shorter overall survival on systemic anticancer therapy. Furthermore, the major solid histologic subtype is less likely to harbor EGFR mutations. These results require validation in larger cohorts.
Feasibility and Potential Utility of Multicomponent Exhaled Breath Analysis for Predicting Development of Radiation Pneumonitis After Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy

Introduction: In this prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility and potential utility of measuring multiple exhaled gases as biomarkers of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients receiving stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for lung tumors. Methods: Breath analysis was performed for 26 patients receiving SABR for lung tumors. Concentrations of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), carbon monoxide (eCO), nitrous oxide (eN2O), and carbon dioxide (eCO2) were measured before and immediately after each fraction using real-time, infrared laser spectroscopy. RP development (CTCAE grade ≥2) was correlated with baseline gas concentrations, acute changes in gas concentrations after each SABR fraction, and dosimetric parameters. Results: Exhaled breath analysis was successfully completed in 77% of patients. Five of 20 evaluable patients developed RP at a mean of 5.4 months after SABR. Acute changes in eNO and eCO concentrations, defined as percent changes between each pre-fraction and post-fraction measurement, were significantly smaller in RP versus non-RP cases (p = 0.022 and 0.015, respectively). In an exploratory analysis, a combined predictor of baseline eNO greater than 24 parts per billion and acute decrease in eCO less than 5.5% strongly correlated with RP incidence (p =0.0099). Neither eN2O nor eCO2 concentrations were significantly associated with RP development. Although generally higher in patients destined to develop RP, dosimetric parameters were not significantly associated with RP development. Conclusions: The majority of SABR patients in this pilot study were able to complete exhaled breath analysis. Baseline concentrations and acute changes in concentrations of exhaled breath components were associated with RP development after SABR. If our findings are validated, exhaled breath analysis may become a useful approach for noninvasive identification of patients at highest risk for developing RP after SABR.