Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of FFT-based homogenization techniques from the Galerkin point of view (slides)

Most engineering materials are highly heterogeneous at various length-scales. As a consequence it is highly impractical to build a model of a structure which would encompass all heterogeneities. Fortunately, when length-scales are separated, homogenization theory can help account in a simplified way for the heterogeneity of the material making-up the structure. A typical multiscale simulation based on homogenization theory is a two-step process. In a first step, the so-called corrector problem formulated over a representative volume element (with adequate boundary conditions) is solved. The macroscopic (homogenized) properties of the heterogeneous material are then retrieved from the solution to this corrector problem. In a second step, a full model of the structure is built, in which the heterogeneous materials are given their homogenized properties as per the previous step. The present paper focuses on the numerical solution to the corrector problem (step 1). For complex microstructures with convoluted interfaces, it might become very difficult to build a conforming mesh, which rules out standard finite element simulations. In such complex situations, numerical methods formulated over regular grids might be preferable. In the method initially proposed by Moulinec and Suquet (1994, 1998), the corrector problem is first reformulated as an integral equation (also known as the Lippmann–Schwinger equation), which is then discretized over a regular grid. The popularity of this method comes from the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to compute efficiently the convolution product appearing in the Lippmann–Schwinger equation with periodic boundary conditions. Since the publication of the original paper, many variants of the so-called basic scheme have been introduced. This method was recently revisited (Brisard and Dormieux, 2012) and a new formulation as a Galerkin discretization of the Lippmann–Schwinger equation was proposed. This approach leads to a unified framework for all variants of the basic scheme. In particular, the concept of discrete Green operator which stem from asymptotically consistent Galerkin discretizations of the Lippmann–Schwinger equation was introduced. This paper briefly reviews FFT-based homogenization methods, with a focus on the Galerkin point of view.
Squires Key followers and the social facilitation of charismatic leadership

Drawing on several theoretical traditions in the social sciences, we offer a theory of the social facilitation of charismatic leadership by introducing the concept of squires. Squires are key fol- lowers who serve four social facilitation functions: liberating and legitimizing, modeling, buffering, and interpreting and translating. Liberating and legitimizing builds on social conformity research. Modeling is based in the social learning and social influence literatures. Buffering, and interpreting and translating, draw on insights from the psychology of power and organizational theory. These functions help resolve two central charismatic leadership paradoxes: (a) the need to be different from followers, though followers prefer to be led by leaders who are like them, and (b) the need to be personally inspiring to followers while being socially distant from them. In specifying squires' functions, we also address three weaknesses in conceptions of followership and contribute to understandings of how charismatic leadership emerges, works, and endures.
Sleep Apnoea Detection Using Small & CheapSensors

Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is a more occurring disease with big consequences if left untreated. The registration is expensive and uncomfortable. We want to introduce a cheap and small tool that can correctly register SAS in large populations. We have designed a BTLE sensor capable or registering the respiratory effort and pressure signal. Our data is pre-processed and analysed in existing sleep apnoea analysing software. We included 10 patients. We used 4 accelerometers, a pressure sensor (nasal cannula), a pulse oximeter and laptop microphone during our registrations. We found an agreement of 87.1\% of the registered events with the gold standard, the polysomnography (PSG). Our pressure signal showed a very good linear correlation ($r^2$=0.9451) with the PSG signal. Our respiratory effort signal has a high linear correlation ($r^2$=0.8381) with the PSG's RIP band and our registered oxygen desaturation index has a maximum deviation of 1 event/hour. Our analysis would have scored 7 out of 9 patients in the right sleep apnoea category. With this study we have shown that it is possible to reliably determine SAS by using cheap electronics, a laptop and existing analysing software.
Anticollocated backstepping observer design for a class of coupled reaction-diffusion PDEs

The state observation problem is tackled for a system of n coupled reaction-diffusion PDEs, possessing the same diffusivity parameter and equipped with boundary sensing devices. Particularly, a backstepping-based observer is designed and the exponential stability of the error system is proven with an arbitrarily fast convergence rate. The transformation kernel matrix is derived in the explicit form by using the method of successive approximations, thereby yielding the observer gains in the explicit form, too. Simulation results support the effectiveness of the suggested design.
Global engagement in R&D: a portrait of biopharmaceutical patenting firms

This paper provides a novel portrait of firms engaging in the international use of inventors. I focus on drug discovery activity of pharmaceutical and biotechnological firms head-quartered in Europe, over the period 1996-2005. An important part of the most high-valued added R&D activities are conducted by inventors, who are engaged in the creation of new technologies. I use a novel and particularly rich dataset that provides a comparable picture across host locations and over time of research activity of EU firms. The main results are that firm-level heterogeneity is a key feature in the internationalisation of inventors and this is similar to patterns from data analysing good and service traders and MNEs. Furthermore, host country distance characteristics are associated with the number of inventors in a similar fashion to patterns found in gravity models explaining good and service trade.
The affordances of design-based research for studying multicultural literature instruction: Reflections and insights from a teacher-researcher collaboration

This paper details a teacher-researcher effort to investigate effective instructional practices for teaching multicultural literature through a collaborative, iterative process of inquiry driven by tentative, theoretical principles. The study began with a distillation of recent scholarship on multicultural literature response into a set of principles for instructional practice. The study was grounded in the paradigm of Design-Based Research; the specific methods were inspired by the Japanese professional development practice of lesson study. In this paper, each of the teachers reflects on his or her experiences of working with the shared principles, collaborating with others on lesson plans for his or her classroom, and learning from the experiences of other teachers in other school contexts. In synthesising the teachers' experiences, this paper argues that design-based research across teaching contexts holds promise as a method for studying English pedagogy and for professional development of teachers.
Large Ecosystem Service Benefits of Assisted Natural Regeneration

China manages the largest monoculture plantations in the world, with 24% being Chinese fir plantations. Maximizing the ecosystem services of Chinese fir plantations has important implications in global carbon cycle and biodiversity protection. Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a practice to convert degraded lands into more productive forests with great ecosystems services. However, the quantitative understanding of ANR ecosystem service benefits is very limited. We conducted a comprehensive field manipulation experiment to evaluate the ANR potentials. We quantified and compared key ecosystem services including surface runoff, sediment yield, dissolved organic carbon export, plant diversity, and aboveground carbon accumulation of ANR of secondary forests dominated by Castanopsis carlesii to that of Chinese fir and C. carlesii plantations. Our results showed that ANR of C. carlesii forest reduced surface runoff and sediment yield up to 50% compared with other young plantations in the first 3 years and substantially increased plant diversity. ANR also reduced the export of dissolved organic carbon by 60–90% in the first 2 years. Aboveground biomass of the young ANR forest was approximately 3–4 times of that of other young plantations, while aboveground biomass of mature ANR forests was approximately 1.4 times of that of mature Chinese fir plantations of the same age. If all Chinese fir plantations in China were replaced by ANR forests, potentially 0.7 Pg more carbon will be stored in aboveground in one rotation (25 years). The results indicate that ANR triggers positive feedbacks among soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection, and biomass accumulation and thereby enhances ecosystem services.
On the Limits of Nonprofit Firms

This thesis consists of two papers. The first gives a game-theoretical treatment of the institutional homogenization of value-oriented firms. It explains why intrinsically motivated, value-oriented firms like non-profits may become similar to for-profit firms in terms of organization and norms. It highlights and explains the pairs: value-oriented and flat organizations in contrast to value-neutral managers and hierarchical organizations. We consider a major donor like the government who delegates a project to an organization without endowments under asymmetric information. The non-profit is able to adapt its organization by establishing a hierarchy with an intrinsically motivated manager. The donor can in turn react by employing institutions in order to cope with information asymmetries regarding the mission of the organization and the unverifiable values of the manager. Two main cases are examined, one without competition and a competitive case. The equilibrium in the first case is a flat organization or alternatively highly altruistic hierarchy. The second competitive case is characterized by a value neutral hierarchy. The second paper treats human capital formation as a game of strategic interaction between a citizen and the educational system consisting of two separate stages which correspond to elementary and higher education. The product of the interaction is human capital and the equilibrium outcome at the first stage affects the student’s productivity at the second stage of higher education. This research shows how the intertemporal nature of learning opens up for opportunism between elementary and higher education and limits the scope of using non-profits against cost-savings in the presence of for-profit firms. The character of relevant school reform will in general depend on the impact of changes at the structural level relative to the impact of reform aimed at the interpersonal level within the classroom domain. The analysis suggests that pedagogical orientation and the pupil’s aim or predisposition to be forward looking, are important determinants of learning outcomes. We show that what happens between the classroom walls is decisive for how the human capital stock is affected in different contractual settings. (Less)
The validation of quantum chemical lipophilicity prediction of alcohols

Abstract The validation of octanol-water partition coefficients (logP) quantum chemical calculations is presented for 27 alkane alcohols. The chemical accuracy of predicted logP values was estimated for six DFT functionals (B3LYP, PBE0, M06-2X, ωB97X-D, B97-D3, M11) and three implicit solvent models. Triple-zeta basis set 6-311++G(d,p) was employed. The best linear correlation with the experimental logP values was achieved for the B3LYP and B97-D3 functionals combined with the SMD model. On the other hand, no linearity was found when IEF-PCM or C-PCM implicit models were employed.
RFLP Analysis of Chlorimuron Ethyl Sensitivity in Soybean

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] genotypes are known to differ in their chlorimuron ethyl sensitivity (CS). These differences are believed to be controlled by a few major genes. However, the genes controlling CS are probably not the same for all soybean genotypes. Information on the number of genes and their genomic location can be determined by molecular mapping of CS. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map was constructed from a soybean population of 111 F2-derived lines of a PI 97100 X Coker 237 cross. The purpose of this study was to identify and map the loci controlling CS in soybean. The F2-derived lines were grown at Athens, Georgia, and Blackville, South Carolina, in 1995, treated with chlorimuron ethyl, and scored for CS. The genetic map, involving 162 marker loci, covered about 1600 cM, with an average distance of 10.7 cM between two adjacent marker loci. In this population CS was conditioned by one major locus on the USDA linkage group (LG) E and one minor locus on an unknown linkage group at both locations as well as combined over locations. The most probable genomic location of the major locus was 2.8 cM from the RFLP locus cr168-1 on LG E. This locus explained as much as 88% of the variation in CS, whereas the minor locus explained about 11% of the variation. Thus, we have identified and located the single major locus along with a previously unknown minor locus for CS in soybean.
Leadership and the importance of social capital in the transition of cooperatives: A Case Study of Two Cooperatives

In Hungary radical reforms have meant that an increasing number of cooperatives have either fragmented or gone bankrupt because of not being competitive under current market conditions. Others, however, have been able to maintain or even improve on their previous success. Individual farmers have also established new cooperatives and are trying to further cooperation. This paper discusses the importance of cooperatives’ management during the transition period, a topic which the pertinent literature does not fully address. Production co-ops were not only economic units but also social networks. Two successful cooperatives from the same town, one old and one new, have been used and comparisons drawn regarding their management and progress, both of which were backed by social capital. The findings show that, in the traditional agricultural co-op, a more social- (member) oriented leadership has helped to overcome economic, social, and psychological barriers erected during transition. With the new co-op, the post-reform period has prompted enhanced cooperation mainly dependent on a increased level of social capital.
The Mechanical Turk

Gavin Turk’s film The Mechanical Turk (2006), presented by the Gervasuti Foundation in collaboration with the Hotel Metropole is a site specific installation within the context of the hotel’s Byzantine, historical and cultural references. The film shows the artist impersonating Wolfgang von Kempelen’s famous automaton ‘The Turk’ (1769) which was capable of playing a game of chess against a human opponent. This ingeniously constructed mechanism was exhibited by its various owners and captivated audiences across Europe and America, until Edgar Allen Poe exposed it in the early 1820s as a hoax. The cabinet beneath the automaton was an elaborate hiding place for a dwarf chess master to secretly play the game. The influential cultural theorist Walter Benjamin compared the Mechanical Turk to a particular view of history, which doesn’t see through the illusions that conceal the true mechanisms of power and he related the automaton to Karl Marx’s concept of historical materialism.
The surprising success of the Finnish educational system in a global scenario of commodified education

This paper, supported by bibliographic qualitative research, makes use of state of the art sources in studies of the educational system of Finland, as well as official government and multilateral institutions’ documents that investigate and seek to influence national decisions in the area of education. Additionally, it discusses the emergence, in 2001, of the international recognition of the the success of the country’s educational model. In view of the astonishing results obtained by students in the first Programme for International Student Assessment, which was conducted in 2000, we address the factors that contribute to the consistency and the success of Finland’s educational paradigm. Among the achieved results, emerges the conclusive understanding that there are successful alternative educational systems that are deeply opposed to the global corporate standard of education, and which can serve as educational models for other nations.
Optimizing exponential growth of Triticum aestivum by application of the relative addition rate (RAR) technique utilizing a computer-controlled nutrient delivery system

We conducted experiments designed to assess whether plants can be grown under conditions of low ionic strength simulating natural soil conditions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Atlas 66) plants were grown using ten different relative nutrient addition rates (RAR) of nutrients (0.00, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, 0.21, 0.24, 0.27, and 0.30 day-1) with a background solution containing 50 µmol. L-1 N and all other essential nutrients in optimal proportions relative to N. The relative growth rate (RGR) of plants over a 19-day experimental period responded directly to RAR (from 0.06 to 0.21 day-1) with a linear slope of 0.56 and an intercept of 0.085 day-1. Solution electrical conductivity (EC) values remained relatively stable over the experimental period. We examined the effect of varying nutrient concentrations in background solutions on growth of wheat plants at a RAR of 0.20 day-1. Plant dry mass production in the 50 µmol. L-1 N background solution was higher than the theoretical regression. On the other hand, plant dry mass production in the 0 µmol. L-1 N background solution was close to theoretical regression (considering a relative growth rate of 0.20 g.g-1.day-1) throughout most of the experimental period. Minimal fluctuations in solution EC values were observed over the experimental period. With the use of the computer-controlled nutrient delivery system and the RAR technique, it was possible to grow plants under conditions of low electrical conductivity simulating natural soil conditions.
Magnetic Properties of CoFeSiB/CoNi, CoFeSiB/FeNi, FeSiB/CoNi, FeSiB/FeNi Biphase Microwires in the Temperature Range 295-1200 K

Magnetic Properties of CoFeSiB/CoNi, CoFeSiB/FeNi, FeSiB/CoNi, FeSiB/FeNi Biphase Microwires in the Temperature Range 295 1200 K I. Iglesias, R. El Kammouni, K. Chichay, N. Perov, M. Vazquez and V. Rodionova Innovation Park and Institute of Physics and Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia Institute of Materials Science of Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russia
Estimating Conservation Needs for Rangelands Using USDA National Resources Inventory Assessments

This study presents (1) the overall concept of assessing non-federal western rangeland soil loss rates at a national scale for determining areas of vulnerability for accelerated soil loss using USDA Natural Resources Conserva- tion Service (NRCS) National Resources Inventory (NRI) data and the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) and (2) the evaluation of a risk-based vulnerability approach as an alternative to the conventional average annual soil loss tolerance (T) for assessment of rangeland sustainability. RHEM was used to estimate runoff and soil loss at the hillslope scale for over 10,000 NRCS NRI sample points in 17 western states on non-federal rangelands. The national average annual soil loss rate on non-federal rangeland is estimated to be 1.4 ton ha -1 year -1 . Nationally, 20% of non- federal rangelands generate more than 50% of the average annual soil loss. Over 29.2 × 10 6 ha (18%) of the non-federal rangelands might benefit from treatment to reduce 1559-1570soil loss to below 2.2 ton ha -1 year -1 . National average an- nual soil loss rates combine areas with low and accelerated soil loss. Evaluating data in this manner can misrepresent the magnitude of the soil loss problem on rangelands. Between 23% and 29% of U.S. non-federal rangelands are vulnerable to accelerated soil loss (≥2.2 ton ha -1 event -1 ) if assessed as a function of vulnerability to a runoff event with a return peri- od of ≥25 years. The NRCS has not evaluated potential soil loss risk in national reports in the past, and adaptation of this technique will allow the USDA and its partners to be proactive in preventing accelerated soil loss on rangelands.
Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership Style in Secondary Schools in Nigeria

Education is the engine of national growth. A population of well educated citizens increases national economic competitiveness. To survive and develop in any nation, the education industry must grow. Secondary schools in Nigeria are headed by Principal. They are regarded as the Chief Executive of the school and are held accountable for all that happens. Hence, it is important to look at the leadership style-Transformational Leadership Style which may have a positive impact on the education sector. The concept of transformation leadership was initially introduced by leadership expert and presidential biographer-James MacGregor Burns (1978) who said that transformation leaders can be seen when “leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation”. Transforming approach creates significant change in the life of people and organizations. It redesigns perceptions and values, and changes expectations and aspirations of followers. The fundamental idea in this theory is ‘change’ and the commitment of leadership in ensuring the implementation of organizational transformation, through transforming individuals in the organization. This study examined empirically the perceived knowledge and practice of transformation leadership of principal in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. The sample consists of 50 principals and 400 teachers. These were chosen by stratified and simple random sampling method from 50 schools across the six-geo-political zones of Nigeria (North-Central; North-East, North-West, South-West, South-South and South-East), 8 respondents were randomly drawn from each school while Principal of such schools automatically became a respondent. The ex-post facto research design was employed in the study. Five research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study (investigation via questionnaire) entitled, “Transformation Leadership in Secondary Education” (TLISE). ‘TLISE’ has a five-point Likert type rating scale and this was validated by experts in research method and statistics. The reliability co-efficient was computed to be.81. The data collected were analysed through the application of t-test for different between Means and Pearson Product moment correlation, four out of the five hypotheses were accepted while one was rejected. The result revealed that both principal and teachers are aware of transformation leadership styles, however it was doubtful if the practical aspect of transforming the followers and students are realized. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to include: Principals must act as agent of positive change by creating a caring and trustful atmosphere; enhance team spirit; involve teachers in planning and making teaching materials. Keywords: effectiveness, transformational leadership style, secondary schools