Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese consumers’ risk mitigating strategies against food fraud

Food fraud is prevalent in China and the increasing number of reported cases undermined the credibility of food safety authorities and the agri-food industry. Food scandals have caused Chinese consumers to be anxious and distrustful of local food products. Urban consumers have resorted to domestic risk mitigating strategies to identify fraudulent food products. This study aims to investigate the risk mitigating strategies against food fraud adopted by urban and rural consumers. Semi-structured interviews (n = 31) were conducted to collect data from urban and rural consumers in Beijing and Hebei, China. Three thematic domains and nine sub-themes were identified from the data set. There was a general sense of insecurity, anxiety and disapproval about the state of food products in the country. This has driven distrust in the food system, hence Chinese consumers have developed risk mitigating strategies against purchasing and consuming fraudulent food products. The three main coping approaches include purchasing decision making, information searching & sharing and daily self-preservation strategies. This is the first study to provide new empirical findings on rural consumers’ experiences in dealing with fraudulent products and their risk mitigating strategies against food fraud.
FastTrack

Multithreaded programs are notoriously prone to race conditions. Prior work developed precise dynamic race detectors that never report false alarms. However, these checkers employ expensive data structures, such as vector clocks (VCs), that result in significant performance overhead. This paper exploits the insight that the full generality of VCs is not necessary in most cases. That is, we can replace VCs with an adaptive lightweight representation that, for almost all operations of the target program, requires constant space and supports constant-time operations. Experimental results show that the resulting race detection algorithm is over twice as fast as prior precise race detectors, with no loss of precision.
A wideband terahertz planar Schottky diode fourth-harmonic mixer with low LO power requirement

A wideband terahertz fourth-harmonic mixer with low local oscillator(LO)power requirement based on anti-parallel planar Schottky diodes is proposed. In order to realize best performances of the mixer,the rela⁃ tions between the parasitic elements of Schottky diodes and the mixer’s performances are analyzed. The main pa⁃ rameters of Schottky diodes are optimized to reduce the optimum LO power of the fourth-harmonic mixer. Mea⁃ sured results show that the conversion loss of the proposed mixer based on specialized diodes is 14. 2 ~ 20 dB with⁃ in a wide band from 340 to 490 GHz with optimal LO power of 7 mW,while the noise temperature is 4020~ 17100 K in this frequency range.
Ab initio study of the structural stability of fcc-CHx phases

It has recently been suggested that carbon nanocrystals obtained by chemical vapor deposition with a gaseous precursor containing CH4 and H2, may include hydrogen atoms in the carbon lattice, forming solid fccand bcc-CHx phases. In this work, we evaluate the structural stability of five fcc-CHx phases by means of first-principles calculations. The total energy is obtained as a function of the isotropic, tetragonal, and trigonal deformations for the bulk structures. First, we analyze the C2H(cuprite), CH(zincblende), CH(rocksalt), and CH2(fluorite) structures. It is found that the four systems show a minimum in the total energy for the isotropic deformation, but are unstable against tetragonal and trigonal deformations. In the second part, we explore the structural stability of CH2 in the pyrite structure. We find that CH2(pyrite) with the hydrogen atoms defined by the internal parameter u 1⁄4 0:35 and a lattice parameter of 3.767 Å is elastically stable, providing a possible explanation for the experimental observation of fcc-carbon in materials prepared in the presence of hydrogen or methane. 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
SPIE The Differential Tip-Tilt Sensor of SPHERE

The SPHERE instrument aims at detecting giant extrasolar planets in the vicinity of bright stars. Such a challenging goal requires the use of a high performance AO system, a coronagraphic device to cancel out the flux coming from the star itself, and smart focal plane techniques to calibrate residual uncorrected turbulent and/or static wavefronts. Inside the adaptive optic system, a specific tool is developed in SPHERE to ensure that the star is always well centered on the coronagraph. This tool called Differential Tip-Tilt Sensor (DTTS) measures the position of the star at the same wavelength than the science instruments. It is located very close to the focal plane to minimize drifts between DTTS and the coronagraph. After describing the DTTS, we will describe the tests and laboratory results on stability measurement of the DTTS; stability which is crucial for SPHERE performance.
On Nelson-Oppen Techniques

The Nelson-Oppen method [5] allows the modular combination of quantiﬁer free satisﬁability procedures of ﬁrst-order theories into a quantiﬁer-free satisﬁability procedure for the union of the theories. However, this method requires the theories to have disjoint signatures and to be stably inﬁnite. Due to the importance of the result, several attempts to extend the method to diﬀerent and wider classes of theories were made. Recently, two diﬀerent extensions of the Nelson-Oppen method were proposed, where the stably inﬁnite requirement was replaced by another condition: in [9] it was required that all but one of the theories are shiny, and in [7] it was required that, when combining two theories, one of them is polite. The relationship between shiny and polite theories was analysed in [7]. Later, a stronger notion of polite theory was proposed, see [4], in order to overcome a subtle issue with the proof of the Nelson-Oppen method in [7]. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between shiny and strongly polite theories in the one-sorted case. We show that a shiny theory with a decidable quantiﬁer-free satis-ﬁability problem is strongly polite and we provide two diﬀerent suﬃcient conditions for a strongly polite theory to be shiny. Based on these re-sults, we relate the complexity on showing that a theory is shiny with the complexity on showing that a theory is strongly polite.
A REVIEW ON- RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID DISINTEGRATING TABLET

Recent advances in novel drug delivery (NDDS) aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. In the recent trend one such approach the development of rapid disintegrating tablets formulation is emerging and gaining popularity because it is easy to administer and leads to better patient compliance. These dosage forms are placed in the mouth, allowed to disperse or dissolve in the saliva. They release the drug as soon as they come in contact with the saliva, thus obviating the need for water during administration. The aim of this article is to review the progress of the evolving technologies and super disintegrating agents in the formulation, manufacturing and evaluation of these tablets. This article also discusses the new evaluation methodologies for these rapid disintegrating tablets. Various modifications in the conventional evaluation and use of specialized instruments are found to be essential in the testing of these dosage forms. In the present review the formulation techniques and different technologies are
The stress-strain state of ribbed shell structures

The paper presents an analysis of the stress-strain state of shallow shell structures of double curvature, reinforced from the concave side by a various number of stiffeners. Mindlin–Reissner shell deformation theory is used, which accounts for geometrical nonlinearity and transverse shears, as well as for discrete introduction of stiffeners with contact between the stiffener and the shell along the strip. The mathematical model is written in the form of a functional of full potential deformation energy. The algorithm of the analysis is based on the application of the Ritz method to the functional, which is used for reducing the problem to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The resulting system is solved by the parameter continuation method. Structural variations that are considered in the paper are fastened with fixed-pin joints along the contour and are subject to external uniformly distributed transverse loading. The values of stresses, forces, and moments in the stiffeners and in the shell skin are obtained and analyzed. Specific features of their distribution are revealed. All values are given in dimensionless parameters. It is shown that accounting for the contact of the stiffener with the shell skin along the strip allows one to investigate the stress-strain state in the stiffeners, which are not possible using delta functions with the introduction of stiffeners along the line. Аннотация. В работе проводится анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния пологих оболочечных конструкций двоякой кривизны, подкрепленных со стороны вогнутости различным числом ребер. Используется теория деформирования оболочек Миндлина–Рейснера, учитывающая геометрическую нелинейность, поперечные сдвиги, а также дискретное введение ребер жесткости с контактом ребра и обшивки по полосе. Математическая модель записана в виде функционала полной потенциальной энергии деформации. Алгоритм расчета основан на применении к функционалу метода Ритца для сведения задачи к системе нелинейных алгебраических уравнений. Полученная система решается методом продолжения решения по параметру. Рассматриваемые варианты конструкций шарнирно неподвижно закреплены по контуру и находятся под действием внешней равномерно распределенной поперечной нагрузки. Анализируются полученные данные о значениях напряжений, усилий и моментов в ребрах жесткости и в обшивке. Выявлены особенности их распределения. Значения приведены в безразмерных параметрах. Показано, что учет контакта ребра с обшивкой по полосе позволяет исследовать напряженно-деформированное состояние в ребрах, что невозможно при введении ребер по линии с помощью дельта-функций.
Manufacturing of micro fluidic moulds by combining micro milling and laser structuring

Increasing demands regarding the functionality and the functional density of micro fluidic systems require constant miniaturisation of single components and also of the complete system. A cost efficient and effective manufacturing process requires replication processes such as injection moulding or hot embossing to structure disposables cost-effectively. This paper presents the development of the sequential process combination of laser micro structuring and micro milling for the manufacturing of micro fluidic moulds. 1. Motivation Fast and cost-effective diagnostics of clinical values enables better and more effective treatment of diseases, especially in the field of home care. In this context lab-on-achip systems offer an interesting approach compared to complex and cost-intensive diagnostic systems or laboratory diagnostics. In addition to the actual analysis, micro fluidics plays a decisive role in such systems. Replication of these fluidic systems and generating defined micro structures puts high demands on the utilised manufacturing processes. Hot embossing enables fast and economic replication of micro fluidic elements with the requested structural sizes. In hot embossing processes, a master structure on a mould surface is pressed into a substrate at elevated temperatures, forming a negative relief replica of the master topography [1]. The required moulds have to achieve special demands regarding the surface quality and the accuracy of the micro structures, which requires established manufacturing processes to reach their limits. To resolve these limits on the one hand new production technologies such as laser ablation or electro-chemical manufacturing can
Dissemination of the kilogram via silicon spheres

An alternative method to realize and disseminate the unit of mass, kilogram, as it will be defined in the revised International System of Units (SI) in 2018, is presented. The new approach allows to relate the Planck constant, h, to spheres manufactured from natural silicon (Si). Fundamentally, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) aims for a primary realization of the kilogram by linking the fixed value of h to spheres manufactured from monocrystalline silicon crystals, which are highly enriched in the isotope 28 Si. However, since the process for obtaining these crystals is sophisticated and, hence, expensive, disseminating the kilogram by means of 28 Si spheres is economically hardly feasible. To address this issue, a “quasi-primary” realization of the kilogram will be established at PTB. The precisely known isotopical composition of a 28 Si sphere will be transferred to spheres manufactured from monocrystalline, natural silicon by means of hydrostatic weighing. For the dissemination of the kilogram with these more favourable “quasi-primary” Si spheres, a relative uncertainty of 3 × 10 -8 at 1 kg has to be achieved. Accordingly, the accuracy of the hydrostatic weighing has to exceed that of the well-known apparatuses for precision density measurements of solid materials by one order of magnitude. To this end, a new apparatus will be set up at PTB, which combines the Archimedes (buoyancy) principle with a magnetic suspension coupling. This combination e.g. allows to improve one of the major uncertainty contributions: the temperature stability in the measuring cell. Avogadro constant, dissemination, hydrostatic weighing, kilogram, magnetic suspension coupling, Planck constant, silicon spheres
GENERATE A KEY FROM BIOMETRIC FINGERPRINT USING MD5 ALGORITHM FOR NETWORK SECURITY

Fingerprint identification is one of the most well-known and publicized biometrics. Biometrics systems function to identify individuals by matching a specific personal characteristic, the biometrics identifier, with one previously recorded. Biometric identification considers individual physiological characteristics and/or typical behavioral patterns of a person to validate their authenticity. A variety of methods and techniques are available today, for fingerprint produces a key. In this paper, we presented Biometric Fingerprint in which a key is also generated using MD5 (Message Digest5) Algorithm. Moreover, this key is used by DES Algorithm for encryption/decryption process. Firstly, our system is proposed by image’ preprocessing and matching from the database using Matlab7.0. 4 Language. Later, using this image’s template in which a key will be generated by new algorithm to use for Network’s security.
Inference Rules of User Uploaded Images on Social Network Sites

: User Image sharing social site maintaining privacy has become a major problem, as demonstrated by a recent wave of publicized incidents where users inadvertently shared personal information. In light of these incidents, the need of tools to help users control access to their shared content is apparent. Toward addressing this need an Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system to help users compose privacy settings for their images. The solution relies on an image classification framework for image categories which may be associated with similar policies and on a policy prediction algorithm to automatically generate a policy for each newly uploaded image, also according to user’s social features. Image Sharing takes place both among previously established groups of known people or social circles and also increasingly with people outside the users social circles, for purposes of social discovery-to help them identify new peers and learn about peers interests and social surroundings, Sharing images within online content sharing sites, therefore, may quickly lead to unwanted disclosure. The aggregated information can result in unexpected exposure of one’s social environment and lead to abuse of one’s personal information.
On the Emergence of Quantum Chromodynamics as the Theory of Strong Interactions

This lecture note is a historical account on how Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) was progressively accepted as the theory of strong interactions, governing how hadrons appear, scatter and decay. We first analyse a number of experimental data and theoretical ideas presented in the sixties and early seventies which QCD stemmed from. In particular, we analyse how the idea that hadrons are made of quarks, namely spin-1/2 fermions carrying colour and interacting via the exchange of coloured spin-1 gluons, emerged. For instance, we discuss in detail how the Bjorken scaling in Deep Inelastic electron-proton Scattering (DIS) can be accounted for by the existence of point like particles in the hadrons. We then move on to the experimental data and theoretical ideas which confirmed QCD as the theory of strong interactions. We discuss the running of the strong coupling constant and the concepts of asymptotic freedom and confinement, necessary for the scaling to hold in an interacting theory such as QCD. We also report on the J/ψ discovery in November 1974 – also known as the November revolution – which provided a further evidence of QCD with coloured quarks and gluons being the correct theory of strong interactions. Indeed, it constituted the proof of the existence of heavy quarks, whose bound-state spectroscopy could be explained by a coulombic potential compatible with the asymptotic freedom plus a linear contribution accounting for the confinement; the property of QCD which prevents quarks and gluons to be free at large distances. Finally, we review some important topics related to the so-called R-value and the angular distribution of two-, threeand four-jet events in electron-positron annihilation. Indeed, these happened to be ultimate proofs that quarks and gluons can be “seen” as particles, with respectively a spin 1/2 and 1, interacting through a non-Abelian theory, that is QCD.
Spectral control of lasers and optical parametric oscillators with volume Bragg gratings

I den har avhandlingen visas hur lasrar och optiska parametriska oscillatorer (OPO:er) kan styras spektralt med hjalp av volymbraggitter. Volymbraggitter utgors av ett periodiskt varierande brytnin .
DIPLOMARBEIT / DIPLOMA THESIS

Um das Lebenswerk von Franziska Seidl in die Geschichte der Fakultät für Physik der Universität Wien einzuordnen, wird in dieser Arbeit auf ihre Tätigkeit in der Lehre, der Ausund Weiterbildung von (angehenden) Lehrpersonen und ihre Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet des Ultraschalls eingegangen. Dazu wurden auch Dokumente aus ihrem Nachlass als Quelle herangezogen und die von ihr entwickelte UNI-UltraschallDemonstrationsapparatur aus der historischen Sammlung der Fakultät für Physik wieder in Betrieb genommen, um einige von ihr geplante Experimente zu rekonstruieren. Mit Hilfe der von Franziska Seidl entwickelten UNI-Ultraschall-Demonstrationsapparatur für den Frequenzbereich um 3 MHz war es möglich, Ultraschall mittels Schlierenoptik und des Debye-Sears-Effekts optisch abzubilden. So konnten auch die Brechung und Fokussierung des Ultraschalls anschaulich gezeigt werden und die Anregung elastischer Schwingungen in einem Glaszylinders im polarisierten Licht dargestellt werden. Es war ebenfalls möglich auf zwei verschiedene Varianten die Wellenlänge des Schalls experimentell zu ermitteln. Zusätzlich konnte das Prinzip der Werkstoffprüfung mit Ultraschall gezeigt werden. Neben den rekonstruierten Experimenten wird auch auf einige ihrer Publikationen im Bereich des Ultraschalls hingewiesen und auf ihre Tätigkeiten im Verein zur Förderung des physikalischen und chemischen Unterrichts und im Bereich der Lehrer*innenausbildung eingegangen, welcher bis heute fortbesteht. 1968 erhielt Seidl das große Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich.
On the chiral anomaly in superfluid 3He-A

The anomalous texture current in 3He-A, which does not fit into the framework of superfluid hydrodynamics, has the same nature as the chiral anomaly in (2 + 1 )-dimensional QED, where the magnetic field gives rise to a vacuum charge density. In 3He-A the role of the magnetic field is played by the texture of the orbital angular momentum vector of Cooper pairs. The current has its origin in the existence of an asymmetric branch of the spectrum of fermions which intersect the Fermi surface. The fermions occupying this branch have an uncompensated momentum which gives rise to a finite fermion vacuum current in the texture. The intersection of this branch with the Fermi surface leads to a finite density of states on the Fermi surface, and to the presence of a density of the normal component at T = 0, the magnitudes of which have been calculated for weak and strong twist textures.
SOCIAL WELFARE EFFEC TS OF PROGRESSIVE INCOME TA X ATION UNDER INCREASING

During the 2008 economic crisis, labour market inactivity, unemployment and work informality in Serbia rose substantially, triggering a salient increase in Gini-measured inequality (by 4.3 pp), while income tax progressivity remained very low. Using the microsimulation and utility function estimation techniques on 2007 and 2012 household survey data for Serbia, we compare the social welfare effects of a hypothetical shift from flat to progressive taxation, before and after the crisis. We find that a shift from flat to progressive tax and the consequent behavioural response lead to a reduction in inequality, a rise in total labour supply and an increase in the overall social welfare in both years. Although the decrease in inequality is higher in 2012, the overall welfare effects are slightly larger in 2007, due to the stronger labour supply response and the stronger disutility of work found in the latter year. This may suggest that a rise in inequality does not per se create a stronger case for progressive taxation, as the welfare effects are considerably driven by the structure of income-leisure preferences.
The Rotational Dynamics in Haramein-Rauscher Metrics and the Monopolic Current

The main forces driving black holes, neutron stars, pulsars, quasars, and supernovae dynamics have certain commonality to the mechanisms of less tumultuous systems such as galaxies, stellar and planetary dynamics. They involve gravity, electromagnetic, and single and collective particle processes. We examine the collective coherent structures of plasma and their interactions with the vacuum. In this paper we present a balance equation and, in particular, the balance between extremely collapsing gravitational systems and their surrounding energetic plasma media. Of particular interest is the dynamics of the plasma media, the structure of the vacuum, and the coupling of electromagnetic and gravitational forces with the inclusion of torque and Coriolis phenomena as described by the Haramein-Rauscher solution to Einstein's field equations. The exotic nature of complex black holes involves not only the black hole itself but the surrounding plasma media. The main forces involved are intense gravitational collapsing forces, powerful electromagnetic fields, charge, and spin angular momentum. We find soliton or magneto-acoustic plasma solutions to the relativistic Vlasov equations solved in the vicinity of black hole ergospheres. Collective phonon or plasmon states of plasma fields are given. We utilize the Hamiltonian formalism to describe the collective states of matter and the dynamic processes within plasma allowing us to deduce a possible polarized vacuum structure and a unified physics.