Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Do Our Decisions to Smoke and Drink in Midlife Affect Our Cognitive Performance in Later Life? Findings from the 1946 British Birth Cohort

Background: There is a not a clear understanding of the potential time-period windows for lifestyle interventions. This study examined how smoking and harmful drinking across early midlife affect cognitive performance in later life. Methods: Data is from Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Cognitive abilities were measured at age 60-64. Information about alcohol consumption was collected via food diaries at multiple time points across life (ages 36, 43, 53 and 60-64). Information about smoking was collected via interviews and questionnaires at ages 20, 25, 31, 36, 43, 53 and 60- 64. Multivariable logistic regression was used, adjusting for gender, childhood cognition at age 8, education and socioeconomic status. Findings: Drinking in moderation across midlife appears to be protective against poor memory in later life (OR=0.86, 95% CI (0.63-1.16)). In contrast, harmful drinking at 43 and 53 years was associated with higher odds of poor memory (OR=1.36, 95% CI (0.79-2.33)), (OR=1.26, 95% CI (0.65-2.43)). Drinking heavily, particularly at age 43, was also associated with higher odds of slow search speed at the same age (OR=1.66, 95% CI (1.01-2.76)). An increase in the number of smoking pack-years was associated with low memory (OR=2.17, 95% CI (1.33-3.54)) and slow search speed (OR=1.65, 95% CI (1.03-2.64)). Interpretation: These results may be suggesting that intervention may be more beneficial in the decades preceding clinical manifestation of neuropathological burden.
The Significance of the Papyri for Determining the Nature of the New Testament Text in the Second Century: A Dynamic View of Textual Transmission1

This chapter discovers some things one does not know about the earliest stages of New Testament (NT) textual transmission by applying creative imagination to what one does know. It offers two brief sketches, one of the general situations in the first few centuries of Christianity, and another of the specific environment of the earliest NT manuscripts and papyri. In looking at the earliest centuries of Christianity, that period when the NT text originated and began its odyssey of transmission, the word "dynamic" is constitutive. The writings that were later to constitute the "NT" were in circulation, along with other Christian documents. Several hints, found in the NT papyri themselves, suggest that standardization procedures were in existence already in the late first or early second century for the transmission of Christian texts, such as the codex form, the nomina sacra techniques, and the possible presence of Christian scriptoria.Keywords: Christian scriptoria; Christianity; codex form; New Testament (NT) papyri; nomina sacra techniques; NT textual transmission
Severe diarrhea outbreak in beef calves (Bos indicus) caused by G6P[11], an emergent genotype of bovine rotavirus group A1

Medeiros T.N. S. , Lorenzetti E. , Alfieri A.F. & Alfieri A.A. 2014. Severe diarrhea outbreak in beef calves (Bos indicus) caused by G6P[11], an emergent genotype of bovine rotavirus group A. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(8):717-722. Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 10011, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil. E-mail: alfieri@uel.br The episodes of diarrhea caused by neonatal bovine rotavirus group A (BoRVA) constitute one of the major health problems in the calf rearing worldwide. The main G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes of BoRVA strains involved in the etiology of diarrhea in calves are G6P[1], G10P[11], G6P[5], and G8P[1]. However, less frequently, other G and P genotypes have been described in BoRVA strains identified in diarrheic fecal samples of calves. This study describes the identification and molecular characterization of an emerging genotype (G6P[11]) in BoRVA strains involved in the etiology of a diarrhea outbreak in beef calves in a cattle herd of high production in extensive management system. The diarrhea outbreak, which showed high morbidity (60%) and lethality (7%) rates, occurred in calves (n= 384) Nelore (Bos indicus) up to 30-day-old from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. BoRVA was identified in 80% (16/20) of the fecal samples analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique. In all PAGE-positive fecal samples were amplified products with 1,062-bp and 876-bp in the RT-PCR assays for VP7 (G type) and VP4 (VP8*) (P type) of BoRVA, respectively. The nucleotide sequence analysis of VP7 and VP4 genes of four wild-type BoRVA strains showed G6-III P[11]-III genotype/lineage. The G6P[11] genotype has been described in RVA strains of human and animal hosts, however, in calves this genotype was only identified in some cross-sectional studies and not as a single cause of diarrhea outbreaks in calves with high morbidity and lethality rates as described in this study. The monitoring of the G and P genotypes of BoRVA strains involved in diarrhea outbreaks in calves is important for both animal and public health by allowing the identification of the most frequent genotypes, the characterization of novel genotypes and to identify reassortments with genotypes described in animal and human hosts. The results of this study show the importance of the monitoring of the genotypes of BoRVA strains involved in episodes of bovine neonatal diarrhea as for characterization of frequency of occurrence and pathogenic potential of uncommon genotypes as for monitoring of the emergency of different BoRVA genotypes not included in commercial vaccines.
Efficacy of post-harvest fungicide sprays and fan-drying for the control of gray mould (Botrytis cinerea) in roses (Rosacea hybridus var. annabella).

Botrytis cinerea is a fungal disease of many cut flowers, affecting their quality and hence, market value. The visual symptoms of the disease usually appear during the post-harvest period. The objectives of this study were to determine if the post-harvest fungicidal sprays; post-harvest Fan-drying, use of post-harvest fungicidal sprays in combination with fan drying, were effective in the control of Botrytis cinerea in cut roses. Post-harvest spray combinations of three specific botryticides, followed by fan drying were investigated. Fan drying significantly reduced the incidence of post-harvest Botrytis infection but this was not consistent over all three-fungicide treatments. With the exception of one fungicide treatment, there was a clear interaction between fungicide sprays and fan drying. A combination of specific botryticide sprays and fan drying appeared to be a good option for reducing post-harvest Botrytis infections. The treatments had no adverse effects on the quality or vase life of the rose variety used.
Obtaining Reflection Coefficients from a Single Point Velocity Measurement

The quantification of the reflection of water waves is of paramount importance in coastal and marine engineering. Reflected waves are produced as a result of an incident wave meeting a reflective boundary e.g., in a wave basin. While reflection can be seen as an undesirable disturbance, for example in experimental tests performed in confined tanks, it can also have a useful purpose such as being directed towards wave energy converters (WECs). Whether useful or not, reflection needs to be accurately quantified. For cases effected by directional spreading such as WECs, the wave height of a reflected wave will be spatially variable. The majority of quantification methods are based on frequency domain analysis of surface elevation data at more than one discrete location over approximately one wavelength. Thus, a method which requires a single point measurement is desirable. This paper presents a novel method derived from Linear Wave theory to quantify reflection coefficients using orbital velocity measurements at one discrete location. An additional advantage of this method is it only requires data over a single wave cycle and thus will be particularly suitable for numerical simulations. In the present form the method is only applicable to monochromatic waves. The theoretical background of the method is explained in detail. An application is demonstrated through a comparison to reflections quantified using surface elevation measurements in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations. It is found that the results of the new proposed method compare to surface elevation methods within the levels of experimental accuracy.
Genetic Diversity between Yacon Landraces from Different Countries Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are widely used for evaluating the genetic relationship of crop germplasm. Five different landraces of yacon (Smallantus sonchifolius (Poepp. and Hendl.) H. Robinson; Asteraceae) collected in various countries and showing different morphological traits were investigated using a total of 61 decamer primers. A total of 282 RAPD markers were scored and 28.7% of them were polymorphic at least within landraces. RAPD markers generated by one primer (OBP14) discriminated between all landraces. Markers were used to calculate genetic similarity coefficient and to build a dendrogram representing the genetic relationship between analysed landraces. The results suggest that RAPD markers could be used as a reliable tool to perform fingerprinting studies in Smallantus sonchifolius genome. This is the first report on the use of RAPDs to evaluate genetic distance and to distinguish between different landraces in yacon.
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION EXPERIMENTS IN SPANISH CULTURAL HERITAGE BAROQUE MATERIALS: AN OVERVIEW

ISSN 1579-8410 www.rtphc. csic.es/boletin.htm 13 For similar reasons, valorizing and managing cultural heritage is one of the fundamental pillars of the CSD-TCP. In this way, local populations are benefited with new social and cultural resources. In the Pino del Oro Mining Zone demonstration project, itineraries, brochures, guides and other materials have been created, always in tune with the natural protection which they enjoy being inside a Park, and in coordination with local and regional authorities (Figure 8). More activities in this direction are planned, including a web page, better signaling, and a visitor center.
On the Use of Adaptive Resemblance Terms in Chemical Ecology

Many organisms (mimics) show adaptive resemblance to an element of their environment (model) in order to dupe another organism (operator) for their own benefit. We noted that the terms for adaptive resemblance are used inconsistently within chemical ecology and with respect to the usage in general biology. Here we first describe how resemblance terms are used in general biology and then comparatively examine the use in chemical ecology. As a result we suggest the following consistent terminology: “chemical crypsis” occurs when the operator does not detect the mimic as a discrete entity (background matching). “Chemical masquerade” occurs when the operator detects the mimic but misidentifies it as an uninteresting entity, as opposed to “chemical mimicry” in which an organism is detected as an interesting entity by the operator. The additional terms “acquired” and “innate” may be used to specify the origins of mimetic cues.
Finite element approximation of a Cahn−Hilliard−Navier−Stokes system

We consider a semi-discrete and a practical fully discrete finite element approximation of a Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system. This system arises in the modelling of multiphase fluid systems. We show order h error estimate between the solution of the system and the solution of the semi-discrete approximation. We also show the convergence of the fully discrete approximation. Finally, we present an efficient implementation of the fully discrete scheme together with some numerical simulations.
Discussion of Direct Numerical Simulation Method for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Jet Flow

A kind of direct numerical simulation method suitable for supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow has been discussed in this paper. The form of dimensionless nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional cartesian coordinate system is derived in detail. High accurate finite difference compact schemes based on non-uniform grid system are introduced to solve the equations. The simulation results of the three vortex pairing phenomenon of plane mixing layer and a compressible axisymmetric jet flow field show that the discussed numerical simulation method is feasible to calculate the supercritical carbon dioxide jet fluid. And it is found that the difficulties of splitting the convective terms in conservation Navier-Stokes equations, which are brought by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid pressure state equation, can be avoided by solving the nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations.
ENLARGING THE SURFACE AREA OF MONOLAYER GRAPHENE SYNTHESIZED BY MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION

A method of enlarging the surface area of monolayer graphene produced by mechanical exfoliation of graphite and increasing the possibility of obtaining monolayer graphene is suggested. The enlargement of the surface area of monolayer graphene is due to additionally cleaving few layer grapheme adjacent to the monolayer. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize as-prepared and enlarged areas of monolayer graphene and distinguish it from few layer graphene and graphite.
Enzyme-Based Biosensors for Electrochemical Detection of Pesticides–A Mini Review

Despite their important contribution in increasing crops production, most pesticides are harmful to humans and living beings and can persist in the environment over long a long duration. Traditional chromatographic methods of analysis are expensive and cumbersome. Biosensor technology appears therefore as an efficient and economical alternative for fast detection of pesticides. The devices are portable, rapid, and highly sensitive. Other important features of the devices are their relatively high sensistivity and low response time. Enzymatic biosensors for pesticide detection rely either on the inhibition mechanism or on the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme toward a specific pesticide. Metal and carbon based nanomaterials are being widely used as immobilization support owing to novel characteristics such as biocompatibility and enhanced electron transfer ability for sensitive electrochemical detection, among others. This review focusses on the electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticides, delineating the limit of detection and response time of biosensors toward a wide range of organophosphorus pesticides.
The Influence of Admixtures Accelerating the Pine Bark Composting Process on Variation in the Bacteriological State of Composts

Abstract The focus of the study was on the dynamics of the variation in the population of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria as well as the level of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities taking place during pine bark composting, depending on the application of different organic admixtures and the Effective Microorganisms microbiological preparation as well as variation in pH values and temperature. Above all, the trend in the variation in the population of microorganisms under analysis and enzymatic activity depended on the type of admixture applied to the composted pine bark. Apart from that, the course of microbiological activity was also influenced by temperature variation, which resulted from the course of the composting process. The results obtained in the experiment proved that the admixture of PGM (plant green matter) to the composted prisms had stimulating influence on the microbiological indexes under analysis.
A New Design for Low-Depth Compression Functions from Length Preserving Public Random Functions

A public random function R : {0, 1} → {0, 1} is a function chosen uniformly at random from the set of all m-bit to n-bit functions, and is accessible by every party, including the adversary. It is a typical model in the design of hash functions. In this paper we investigate compression functions constructed from length-preserving public random functions (m = n), and we aim to achieve optimal collision resistance and preimage resistance while maintaining low-depth, i.e. minimizing the number of random functions connected in series. In particular, we present a 2n-bit to n-bit compression function consisting of two layers and makes a total of 3t calls to the underlying public random functions. For t ≥ 2, the construction has optimal collision resistance and a preimage resistance of Θ(2 t+1 t+2) queries against non-adaptive adversaries. We also conjecture the same preimage resistance for adaptive adversaries.
A Pathophysiologic Approach Combining Genetics and Insulin Resistance to Predict the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease dictated by both genetic and environmental factors. While insulin resistance (IR) is a key pathogenic driver, two common genetic variants in patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) also impart significant risk for disease progression. Traditional approaches to NAFLD risk stratification rely on biomarkers of fibrosis, an end result of disease progression. We hypothesized that by combining genetics and a novel measurement for IR we could predict disease progression by the NAFLD activity score (NAS) and histologic presence of significant fibrosis. A total of 177 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. PNPLA3 I148M and TM6SF2 E167K genotypes were determined by TaqMan assays. The enhanced lipoprotein IR index (eLP‐IR) was calculated from serum biomarkers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Multivariate regression models were used to study the relationships between genetics, IR, and histologic features of NAFLD. In the multivariate analysis, the eLP‐IR was strongly associated with histologic features of NAFLD activity and hepatic fibrosis (P < 0.001 to 0.02) after adjustment for potential confounders. PNPLA3 148M and TM6SF2 E167K genotypes were significantly associated with steatosis (P = 0.003 and P = 0.02, respectively). A combination of the eLP‐IR and genetic score was able to predict the presence of NAS ≥3 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.74. Adding age to this model predicted stages 3‐4 liver fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.82. Conclusion: This proof‐of‐concept study supports the hypothesis that genetics and IR are major determinants of NAFLD severity and demonstrates the feasibility of a new risk stratification paradigm using exclusively pathogenic factors.
The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of bufonid and hylid frogs (Anura, Amphibia): implications for phylogeny and fertilization biology

Comparison of the spermatozoa of Bufo marinus, six Australian species of the family Hylidae, and the myobatrachine Adelotus brevis, with those of 41 other species of frogs, in a total of 12 investigated families allows the following phylogenetic inferences: the bufonoids (myobatrachids, leptodactylids, hylids, and bufonids) form a monophyletic assemblage with a single synapomorphy: the presence of a conical subacrosomal perforatorium. This structure is analogous to, rather than homologous with, the perforatorium in archaeobatrachians, which differs notably in being an endonuclear structure. The hylid‐leptodactylid‐bufonid assemblage is the sister‐group of the Myobatrachidae (Australian ‘leptodactylids’). Myobatrachids are distinguished by two. albeit weak, synapomorphies, the presence of well‐defined pericentriolar material, and the extension of the axial rod up the centriolar fossa, the latter condition approached in the bufonid Nectophrynoides. The bufonid, leptodactylid (sensu strictu), and hylid families are united, and separated from myobatrachids, by a single synapomorphy: a thick collar‐like cytoplasmic sheath that emanates from the centriolar region, is separated from the flagellum by a cytoplasmic canal, and contains the mitochondria. Litoria fallax, L. gracilenta, and L. lesueuri are associated by a unique synapomorphy, hypermorphosis of the minor fibre (juxta‐axonemal fibre), though this is approached in Bufo bufo. However, there is no spermatological evidence supporting the recognition of Australian hylids (pelodryadids) as a group distinct from the remaining eubufonoids and, specifically, from the Hylidae. Evidence is presented in support of the tentative proposal that the Lissamphibia were primitively internally fertilizing.
Evaluating cloud fraction and ice water content in the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System and three other operational models using long-term ground-based radar and lidar measurements

1Centre National de la Recherche Meteorologique, Meteo-France, Toulouse, France, 2Centre d’etude des Environnements Terrestre et Planetaires, CNRS, Velizy, France, 3Meteorology Department, University of Reading, Reading,UK, 4Service d’aeronomie, CNRS, Paris, France, 5Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands, 6European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK, 7Met Office, Exeter, UK, 8Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France, 9Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Palaiseau, CNRS, France
Are private defensive expenditures against storm damages affected by public programs and natural barriers? Evidence from the coastal areas of Bangladesh

Abstract This paper introduces a household model of private investment in storm protection under an endogenous risk framework to determine how defensive self-protection and self-insurance expenditures by coastal households to mitigate storm-inflicted damages are affected by the availability of public programs and the presence of a mangrove forest. The theoretical results show that publicly constructed physical barriers and mangroves encourage self-protection but discourage self-insurance expenditures. However, public disaster relief and rehabilitation programs lead to the crowding-out of self-protection but the crowding-in of self-insurance. Our empirical analysis of coastal households in Bangladesh impacted by Cyclone Sidr reveals partial support for the crowding-out and crowding-in effects of public investments and programs. Households located in a mangrove-protected area invest more in self-protection and less in self-insurance. Other controls, such as household socio-economic characteristics, also influence and add a degree of complexity to the relationship.
Implementation strategies for the optimization of micro injection moulding simulations

In polymer micro manufacturing technology, software simulation tools adapted from conventional injection moulding can provide useful assistance for the optimization of moulding tools, mould inserts, micro component design, and process parameters. Conventional implementation methods of simulation are not suitable for micro injection (μIM) application and are limiting the possibility to extend the use of existing packages for the modelling and the simulation of polymer micro parts. Different strategies optimized for the set-up the simulation of a miniaturized part with micro features are presented. Model design and mesh issues are discussed, as well as dynamic implementation of the flow constrains for the creation of an effective interface between the machine and the polymer flow in the simulation software. The results of the different methods are evaluated by means of a quantitative study which compares the simulated results and the actual micro injection moulding experiments.