Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effectiveness of an Extender Model Partnership in Implementing a Multicomponent, School-Based Nutrition Intervention

Childhood obesity continues to be a problem of national concern; school-based obesity prevention programs that incorporate nutrition education are among the efforts to address this issue. Implementation of these programs is often conducted through partner agencies like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed). As educators within these agencies have limited time and many schools qualify for programming, developing programs that extend reach by partnering with classroom teachers to deliver nutrition education is critical. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher extender model compared with direct nutrition education from trained staff using the research-tested, evidence-based Shaping Healthy Choices Program. Data collected as part of this evaluation in intervention and control groups included nutrition knowledge, body mass index percentile, and vegetable identification in youth; lesson fidelity observations and feasibility from teachers; and demographics from parents. Overall, unequal within variances did not allow for the statistical power to detect change. Generally, teachers enjoyed the program but found it too time-consuming to implement. While results were unclear, important lessons were learned regarding the implementation of extender programs warranting further research. Overall, this study aligns with others in the literature that indicate time is a major barrier to implementing nutrition education in the classroom. This study underscores the need for policy mandating nutrition education in schools.
The legacy of bacterial invasions on soil native communities.

Soil microbial communities are often not resistant to the impact caused by microbial invasions, both in terms of structure and functionality, but it remains unclear whether these changes persist over time. Here we used 3 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7), a species used for modelling bacterial invasions, to evaluate the resilience of the bacterial communities from four Chinese soils to invasion. The impact of E. coli O157:H7 strains on soil native communities was tracked for 120 days by analysing bacterial community composition as well as their metabolic potential. We showed that soil native communities were not resistant to invasion, as demonstrated by a decline in bacterial diversity and shifts in bacterial composition in all treatments. The resilience of native bacterial communities (diversity and composition) was inversely correlated with invader's persistence in soils (R2 = 0.487, P < 0.001). Microbial invasions also impacted the functionality of the soil communities (niche breadth and community niche), the degree of resilience being dependent on soil or native community diversity. Collectively, our results indicate that bacteria invasions can potentially leave a footprint in the structure and functionality of soil communities, indicating the need of assessing the legacy of introducing exotic species in soil environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Climatic controls on distribution of Fagus crenata forests in Japan

Abstract We used classification tree analysis to develop a climate-based distribution model for Fagus crenata forests in Japan. Four climatic variables judged likely to affect the distribution of the species (summer and winter precipitation, minimum temperature of the coldest month and Kira's warmth index) were chosen as independent variables for the model. Latitudinal and longitudinal information was also used to examine effects of spatial autocorrelation on the model. The climatic factors associated with the distribution of the forests were analysed using a classification tree to devise prediction rules. Predicted areas of high probability for forest occurrence lay mainly on the Sea of Japan side of northern Honshu and southern Hokkaido. This is consistent with actual forest distribution. Some areas with high predicted probabilities of F. crenata forest occurrence were beyond the current natural northern range limits of these forests. Since these areas were widely scattered, it was assumed that the species has been hindered from colonizing them due to dispersal limitations. Deviance-weighted scores, used to compare magnitudes of the contributions of predictor variables, revealed winter precipitation as the most influential factor, followed by the warmth index, the minimum temperature of the coldest month and summer precipitation. Attempts were made to generate ecological explanations for the effects of the four climatic factors on the distribution of F. crenata forests. Abbreviations: CA = Classification accuracy; DWS = Deviance weighted score; JMA = Japan Meteorological Agency; MER = Misclassification error rate; TMC = Minimum temperature of the coldest month; NSNE = National Survey on the Natural Environment; OE = Omission error; PRS = Summer precipitation; PRW = Winter precipitation; RMD = Residual Mean Deviance; WI = Warmth index. Nomenclature: Ohwi & Kitagawa (1992).
Xerogenic Medications as a Predictor for Dental Health Intervention in People with Dementia.

BACKGROUND Older adults with dementia often have poor oral health. Chronic use of xerogenic medications may contribute to adverse dental outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of xerogenic medication classes on the predicted risk for dental interventions in people with dementia. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study involving 30,955 individuals registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) from 2008 to 2012. Data were linked with other national registers. The exposure was xerogenic medication classes used in the three years prior to dementia diagnosis (baseline). The primary outcome was the composite of number of tooth extractions and dental restorations over the three-year follow-up period. Secondary outcomes included the number of tooth extractions and number of dental restorations. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between the exposure and outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination, living arrangement, dementia disorder, average number of medications, Charlson's comorbidity index, number of dental visits, and number of teeth. RESULTS After adjusting for potential covariates, the use of urological drugs (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.28), proton pump inhibitors (IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23), and opioids (IRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34) were significantly associated with the primary composite outcome. CONCLUSION The use of specific classes of xerogenic medications was associated with an increased risk for tooth extractions and restorations in people with dementia. The risks and benefits of xerogenic medications, in the context of oral health, should be carefully assessed in this vulnerable population.
Increased ethylene synthesis enhances chilling tolerance in tomato

Exposure to chilling temperatures (0-10°C) increases ethylene synthesis in several species, but it is not clear whether this increase in ethylene synthesis is involved in the development of chilling tolerance. To determine this relationship, chilling tolerance development of the ethylene-insensitive Never-ripe (Nr) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Pearson) mutant was compared to that of a normal isogenic line. Plants were grown for 3 weeks at 25/20°C day/night, and then half the plants of each genotype were chill-hardened at 25/5°C day/night for 10 days, while the other half remained at 25/20°C. All plants were then exposed to a severe chill (5/5°C day/night) for 7 days, and a recovery period (25/20°C day/night) of 4 days. Chill hardening increased ethylene synthesis in both genotypes, but increased the rate of leaf development and dry weight accumulation during the recovery period only for the normal plants. Hardening also caused a greater decrease in lesion development in the normal plants following the severe chill. Therefore, chill hardening was more effective in the ethylene-sensitive normal plants than in the ethylene-insensitive mutants, indicating that a response to ethylene is involved in chilling tolerance development. However, chill hardening was effective for both genotypes in maintaining chlorophyll a fluorescence levels (F v /F m ), suggesting that ethylene does not control all aspects of chilling tolerance. In a separate experiment, application of a 500 ppm ethephon solution to normal 'Pearson' plants led to higher rates of ethylene synthesis and a higher rate of leaf development following a 6 day severe chill (5/5°C day/night). These results further indicate that ethylene is involved in the development of chilling tolerance.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

Cutaneous manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV), including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), are poorly characterized. This report describes the dermatologic features of AAV and their association with systemic manifestations of vasculitis.
Impact of physical activity and traumatic exposure on occurrence of gestational hypertension: a survey of pregnant women in an armed-conflict region in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Objective To compare physical activity level and traumatic exposure between normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in an armed conflict region of Nigeria. Methods 130 normotensives and hypertensive pregnant women comprising of 65 participants per group participated in the study. Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess traumatic events and physical activity respectively. Results Significant difference was observed on total traumatic event (p = 0.008) and all domains and intensities of physical activity except inactivity and sedentary (p > 0.05). Household activities (OR: 0.989; 95% CI: 0.981–0.996), occupational activities (OR: 0.936; 95%CI: 0.879–0.996) and sport/exercise activities (OR: 0.898; 95%CI: 0.832–0.969) were associated with a decrease hypertensive pregnancy. Conclusion Despite exposed to traumatic events, physical activity is associated with normotensive pregnancy in an armed conflict region.
Acoustic patterns of an invasive species: the Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea Scopoli 1786) in a Mediterranean shrubland

The Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) is an invasive species which has recently been found to be locally abundant in eastern Liguria (Italy). The song production of this bird was recorded over the course of an entire year (2011) and evaluated using both aural information and applying innovative automatic processing metrics. Our findings revealed that the Red-billed Leiothrix has loud vocalizations that are heard for most of the year, including in July and August when other birds are silent. Its song production has been estimated to amount to 37% of the sounds uttered by the entire bird community. The next most vocal species are the European Robin (36%), the Common Blackbird (18%), the Subalpine Warbler (5%) and the Sardinian Warbler (1%). The Red-billed Leiothrix can be seen as a new acoustically dominant species and, consequently, a potential modifier of the soundscape patterns of the indigenous bird community. The modification of acoustic traits in the repertoire of both indigenous species and the Red-billed Leiothrix is to be expected according to a co-evolution hypothesis.
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Demography and Habitat use in the Suisun Marsh, California

ABSTRACT We undertook a 2-year (2002–2004) mark—recapture study to investigate demographic performance and habitat use of salt marsh harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris halicoetes) in the Suisun Marsh. We examined the effects of different wetland types and microhabitats on 3 demographic variables: density, reproductive potential, and persistence. Our results indicate that microhabitats dominated by mixed vegetation or pickleweed (Salicornia spp.) supported similar salt marsh harvest mouse densities, reproductive potential, and persistence throughout much of the year, whereas few salt marsh harvest mice inhabited upland grass-dominated microhabitats. We found that densities were higher in diked wetlands, whereas post-winter persistence was higher in tidal wetlands, and reproductive potential did not differ statistically between wetland types. Our results emphasize the importance of mixed vegetation for providing adequate salt marsh harvest mouse habitat and suggest that, despite their physiognomic and hydrological differences, both diked and tidal wetlands support salt marsh harvest mouse populations by promoting different demographic attributes. We recommend that habitat management, restoration, and enhancement efforts include areas containing mixed vegetation in addition to pickleweed in both diked and tidal wetlands.
Digital Biomarkers of Mobility in Parkinson's Disease During Daily Living.

BACKGROUND Identifying digital biomarkers of mobility is important for clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To determine which digital outcome measures of mobility discriminate mobility in people with PD from healthy control (HC) subjects over a week of continuous monitoring. METHODS We recruited 29 people with PD, and 27 age-matched HC subjects. Subjects were asked to wear three inertial sensors (Opal by APDM) attached to both feet and to the lumbar region, and a subset of subjects also wore two wrist sensors, for a week of continuous monitoring. We derived 43 digital outcome measures of mobility grouped into five domains. An Area Under Curve (AUC) was calculated for each digital outcome measures of mobility, and logistic regression employing a 'best subsets selection strategy' was used to find combinations of measures that discriminated mobility in PD from HC. RESULTS Duration of recordings was 66±14 hours in the PD and 59±16 hours in the HC. Out of a total of 43 digital outcome measures of mobility, we found six digital outcome measures of mobility with AUC > 0.80. Turn angle (AUC = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-0.97) and swing time variability (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96) were the most discriminative individual measures. Turning measures were most consistently selected via the best subsets strategy to discriminate people with PD from HC, followed by gait variability measures. CONCLUSION Clinical studies and clinical practice with digital biomarkers of daily life mobility in PD should include turning and variability measures.
Retrieval practice facilitates memory updating by enhancing and differentiating medial prefrontal cortex representations

Updating old memories with new, more current information is critical for human survival, yet the neural mechanisms for memory updating in general and the effect of retrieval practice in particular are poorly understood. Using a three-day A-B/A-C memory updating paradigm, we found that compared to restudy, retrieval practice could strengthen new A-C memories and reduce old A-B memory intrusion, but did not suppress A-B memories. Neural activation pattern analysis revealed that compared to restudy, retrieval practice led to stronger target representation in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during the final test. Critically, it was only under the retrieval practice condition that the MPFC showed strong and comparable competitor evidence for both correct and incorrect trials during final test, and that the MPFC target representation during updating was predictive of subsequent memory. These results suggest that retrieval practice is able to facilitate memory updating by strongly engaging MPFC mechanisms in memory integration, differentiation and consolidation.
The taxonomy of Prymnesium (Prymnesiophyceae) including a description of a new cosmopolitan species, P. Patellifera sp. nov., and further observations on P. parvum N. carter

Isolates of Prymnesium from the Pacific coast of North America, Europe and South Africa have been examined using both light and electron microscopy. Some have been identified as P. parvum N. Carter whilst others have been shown to represent a new species, P. patellifera sp. nov. Both species have two layers of body scales which in P. parvum have a pattern of radial ridges on the proximal face but concentrically arranged fibrils on the distal face; in P. patellifera the scales of both layers have a pattern of radial ridges on both faces. In addition, in P. patellifera the scales of the outer layer have a tall upright rim, whilst in P. parvum the scales of the inner layer have a markedly inflexed rim, an observation not previously recorded. A systematic revision of Prymnesium is given and the taxonomic status of the genus Chrysochromulina in relation to Prymnesium is discussed.
Calcineurin-dependent regulation of endocytosis by a plasma membrane ubiquitin ligase adaptor, Rcr1

Rsp5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Nedd4 family that regulates many cellular processes in yeast. Zhu et al. show that two paralogous Rsp5 adaptors, Rcr1 and Rcr2, are sorted to distinct locations. Exomer sorts Rcr1 to the plasma membrane via a new sorting motif, and the upregulation of Rcr1 via the calcineurin/Crz1 signaling pathway maintains cell integrity.
Diversity in Academic Otolaryngology: An Update and Recommendations for Moving From Words to Action

Objectives: (1) To investigate the state of diversity and inclusion initiatives in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) as compared to general surgery and (2) assess their effects on female representation in these programs. Methods: The websites of OHNS residency programs, general surgery residency programs, and their associated academic medical institutions were indexed for content related to diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives. Gender data were gathered and used as a proxy for identity diversity. Results: All programs surveyed (N = 198) have D&I programs at the institutional level and have an office of D&I (or equivalent program). However, only 18% of general surgery programs and 19% of otolaryngology programs have additional department-level D&I initiatives. There was an increase in the proportion of female residents across all residency programs if the program mentioned D&I on their website (44% vs 38%, P = .004) and if the program reported a D&I initiative (45% vs 38%, P < .001). Conclusion: Despite the ACGME’s recent emphasis on the importance of recruiting and retaining a diverse physician workforce, the minority of otolaryngology residency programs advertise any concerted, department-level efforts toward increasing D&I at their residency program. General surgery programs have a significantly higher proportion of female department chairs and higher mean proportion of female residents when compared to OHNS. Programs that mention the diversity of their residents or faculty on the program website and programs with their own D&I initiatives have a higher mean proportion of female residents.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: currently used methods and devices and the near future in clinical practice

Rapid identification of pathogen and its resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and subsequent appropriate antimicrobial treatment are essential for correct patient outcomes. Conventional detection methods of bacterial resistance, such as disc diffusion, broth microdilution and automated instruments, are constantly widely used and primarily standardized. Nevertheless, the results cannot be obtained earlier than 48 h after receiving a sample, which may lead to prolonged use or overuse of broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Hence, there is a drive to develop and introduce novel, faster, standardized, sensitive and specific methods with reliable results into routine microbiological laboratory practice. Recently developed matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has been introduced in recent years into laboratory practice, and methods based on microfluidics and microdroplets might be introduced in the near future. This review is focused on the methods and instruments in use both currently and in the foreseeable future, applicable to determine antimicrobial efficacy in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Context dependency of litter‐mixing effects on decomposition and nutrient release across a long‐term chronosequence

Litter decomposition is an important driver of terrestrial systems, and factors that determine decomposition rate for individual litter species have been widely studied. Fewer studies have explored the factors that regulate how mixing litters of multiple species affects litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics, and only a handful of studies have investigated how litter-mixing effects may differ among different habitats or ecosystems, or how they respond to environmental gradients. We used a well-established retrogressive chronosequence involving thirty lake islands in northern Sweden in which time since fire disturbance increases with decreasing island size; smaller islands therefore have reduced rates of aboveground and belowground ecosystem processes. On each of these islands we utilized plots with and without the long-term experimental removal of shrubs. Litters from the six most common plant species on the islands were prepared in single-, three- and six-species litterbags, and placed on both the shrub-removal and non-removal plots on each island to decompose for one year. We found significant non-additive effects of litter mixing on litter decomposition rates, on final litter N and P concentrations, and on litter N loss, but these non-additive effects varied both in direction and magnitude with changed number of species, and even among litter mixtures with the same number of species. Further, the magnitude of non-additive effects of litter mixing on both litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics was significantly influenced by both island size and the interaction between island size and shrub-removal treatment. When shrubs were present, there was a U-shaped relationship between these non-additive effects and island size, while the relationship was positive when shrubs were removed. Hence, our results support previous findings that litter mixing may produce non-additive effects on litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics, and that these effects tend to be idiosyncratic due to the importance of effects of individual species in the mixture. Most importantly, our results show that non-additive litter-mixing effects change greatly across environmental gradients, meaning that the biotic and abiotic characteristics of an ecosystem can be a powerful driver of the magnitude and even the direction of litter-mixing effects on ecosystem processes.
Digest: Phylogenetic comparative methods identify traits associated with urbanization tolerance in Anolis *

Humans have, and continue to, dramatically influence the life history of many taxa. Identification of traits that allow taxa to tolerate humans and urban environments is important for informed conservation policy. Winchell et al. (2020) uses a phylogenetic comparative framework to identify such traits in the Caribbean clade of Anolis lizards. They provide an example of how to use disparate data sources to develop probabilities about species’ traits that can be used in phylogenetic analyses.
Monte Carlo Simulator for Diffusion-weighted Imaging Sequences

We developed a Monte Carlo simulator for diffusion-weighted imaging sequences which displays the motion of water molecules and computes the dynamic phase dispersion due to the applied motion probing gradients. This simulator can be used to validate the analytical equations of diffusion models and understand their limitations due to their approximations. Here, we introduce the software and some specific use cases. The software can be downloaded from the following website: https://www.nirs. qst.go. jp/amr_diag.