Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Body-Car Seat Coupling Under Rear Impact

The development of new protective systems must be performed on reliable tools and representative of a live human. In an earlier study a simplified and realistic model of the head-neck system under moderate rear impact was performed. It is clear and often addressed in the literature that under such an impact configuration, the deformation of the torso and the car seat, is of extreme importance and defines the initial conditions of the head-neck system. In order to address this issue, an original lumped model of the human torso was developed in the present study and coupled to a car seat-head rest complex. The hypothesis of linear behavior was used for the torso being subjected to small deformations. The modal analysis of the human torso in a seating position conduced by Kitazaki and Griffin in 1992 was used in this study for both masses and mechanical properties identification. In order to reproduce the four mode shapes identified experimentally the torso was divided in six segments to obtain the five degrees of freedom with the head neck system. This model of minimum complexity but ability to reproduce the 5 first experimental vibration modes was validated in the frequency domain in terms of natural frequencies and damping as well as mode shapes. In addition to the lumped approach, an external geometry was implemented in order to couple the human body model to a finite element model of the car seat also developed in the present studies. Rear impact simulations for the two different configurations (flexible and rigid torso) showed an increase of about 35% for the maximum T1 acceleration and an increase of about 65% for the acceleration slope when a rigid torso is considered. Realistic body behavior and accurate T1 acceleration are essential aspects in real world accident reconstruction as well as for seat-head rest evaluation and optimization against neck loading.
RMT Assessments of the Market Latent Information Embedded in the Stocks' Raw, Normalized, and Partial Correlations

We present here assessment of the latent market information embedded in the raw, affinity (normalized), and partial correlations. We compared the Zipf plot, spectrum, and distribution of the eigenvalues for each matrix with the results of the corresponding random matrix. The analysis was performed on stocks belonging to the New York and Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, for the time period of January 2000 to March 2009. Our results show that in comparison to the raw correlations, the affinity matrices highlight the dominant factors of the system, and the partial correlation matrices contain more information. We propose that significant stock market information, which cannot be captured by the raw correlations, is embedded in the affinity and partial correlations. Our results further demonstrate the differences between NY and TA markets.
A 60-GHz CMOS power amplifier with Marchand balun-based parallel power combiner

A novel Marchand balun-based parallel power combiner suitable for a 60-GHz CMOS power amplifier is proposed. It improves the power efficiency by solving the issues of the phase difference of the signals to be combined and the low coupling factor of the on-chip balun in scaled CMOS technologies. The power amplifier using the proposed power combiner is fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process with 1.2 V supply. Measured power gain, output referred 1-dB compression point, and saturated output power are 11.2 dB, +8.3 dBm, and +11.2 dBm, respectively, at 60-GHz.
Different phenotypic and genotypic presentations in alcohol dependence: age at onset matters.

OBJECTIVE Several theoretical typology models have been proposed to classify alcoholism into more homogeneous subtypes using various criteria, for which age at onset of alcohol dependence is shared across many models. We investigated the evidence for the distinction between early- versus late-onset alcoholism by examining relevant phenotypic and genotypic variables. METHOD Data are from 1,248 individuals with alcohol dependence, who were interviewed to collect detailed clinical information. Early versus late onset of alcohol dependence was defined by the age at onset of 22 years. Odds ratio (OR) and Cohen's d were calculated as effect size for comparisons of clinical features between the two groups. We adjusted interviewed age and gender in logistic regression models. Case-control genetic analyses were conducted for the association between HTR1B, SLC6A4, DRD2, and OPRμ1 genes and subgroups of alcohol dependence using a sample of 530 controls screened for alcohol problems. RESULTS Early-onset alcoholism exhibited significantly (p < .01) different clinical characteristics from late-onset alcoholism, including higher severity in alcohol dependence symptoms (d = 0.22) and maximum drinking quantity within 24 hours (d = 0.40), more rapid progression from regular drinking to meet alcohol dependence diagnosis (d = 1.73), higher expectancies for alcohol (d = 0.22-0.47), more comorbidity with externalizing disorders (ORs = 2.8-2.9), and greater prevalence of family alcohol use problems (d = 0.26-0.43). In addition, markers in the HTR1B and OPRμ1 genes showed genetic associations with subgroups of alcohol dependence (ORs = 1.5-2.4). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that subgroups of alcohol dependence defined by onset age have phenotypic and genetic differences. The early-onset subgroup had more severe features for almost every aspect we examined. Coupled with genetic association findings, age at onset of alcohol dependence may serve as a simple but important clinical marker with implications for future etiological research and intervention.
Ancillary techniques on direct‐smear aspirate slides: A significant evolution for cytopathology techniques

In their article, Knoepp and colleagues promote the utility of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) direct smears for ancillary studies. Indeed, direct smear aspirate slides are a great source of cells available for molecular and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, in addition to providing archival material. This is important, because cell block material may not always be sufficient to perform ancillary studies, particularly when there is only a single high-quality pass, followed by passes with blood dilution. In our experience, aspirated material on direct smears can also be superior to cell blocks for documenting infection. In several cases, our FNA smear preparations stained with routine stains (Diff Quik and Papanicolaou stain) as well as special stains to identify microorganisms (Gram, acid fast, and Gomori methenamine silver stains) yielded greater numbers of micro-organisms and superior morphology compared with corresponding cell blocks. For example, more acid fast bacilli could be visualized by negative staining in Diff Quik-stained smears than were present in scant cell block material. Moreover, it was often easier to appreciate septations and branching of fungal hyphae in smears, as opposed to the truncated hyphae present in cell block sections. Therefore, for cases in which infection is suspected, we recommend not only submitting aspirated material for culture, but also preparing additional unstained direct smears from a high-quality pass that can be dedicated for special stains to detect microorganisms.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON 6 MeV PHOTON BEAM PERCENTAGE DEPTH DOSE OF VARIAN CLINAC 2300 C / D , ELEKTA SYNERGY PLATFORM , AND SIEMENS PRIMUS LINACS

This work presents a comparative study of the 6 MeV percentage depth dose curves for photon beams of VARIAN Clinac 2300 C/D, ELEKTA Synergy Platform, and SIEMENS Primus Linacs. The measurements were performed for a set of 7 field sizes (5×5, 10×10, 15×15, 20×20, 25×25, 30×30, 40×40) cm, keeping the same conditions (e.g., geometry, ion chamber voltage and polarity, incremental step and direction). During our study we used the Mephysto MC software and two semiflex ion chambers from Physikalisch-Technische Werkstätten GmbH, calibrated in water under Co gamma ray beam.
Short-term changes in endogenous estrogen levels and consumption of soy isoflavones affect working and verbal memory in young adult females

Abstract Estrogen is known to modulate certain cognitive functions, most notably improving working memory and verbal memory. Soy foods contain isoflavones, phytoestrogens structurally similar to estrogen that weakly bind to estrogen receptors. We investigated the effects of natural variations in estrogen levels and short-term dietary supplementation with soy isoflavones on cognitive function in 28 young women. Performance was examined across a range of cognitive tasks on three occasions during separate menstrual cycles: during a menses phase (low estrogen), during a luteal phase (highest estrogen), and once during a menses phase after a 3-day phytoestrogen-rich dietary intervention. Soy supplementation during menses led to an improvement in working memory and verbal memory. The menstrual cycle effects were mixed, with high estrogen improving performance on a verbal memory task but not on working memory. Our results suggest that soy phytoestrogens may improve working memory through estrogen-independent mechanisms.
Repeated polyketide synthase modules involved in the biosynthesis of a heptaene macrolide by Streptomyces sp. FR‐008

Genes for biosynthesis of a Streptomyces sp. FR‐008 heptaene macrolide antibiotic with antifungal and mosquito larvicidal activity were cloned in Escherichia coli using heterologous DNA probes. The cloned genes were implicated in heptaene biosynthiesis by gene replacement. The FR‐008 antibiotic contains a 38‐membered, poiyketide‐derived macrolide ring. Southern hybridization using probes encoding domains of the type i modular erythromycin polyketide synthase (PKS) showed that the Streptomyces sp. FR‐008 PKS gene cluster contains repeated sequences spanning c. 105 kb of contiguous DNA; assuming c. 5 kb for each PKS module, this is in striking agreement with the expectation for the 21‐step condensation process required for synthesis of the FR‐008 carbon chain. The methods developed for transformation and gene replacement in Streptomyces sp. FR‐008 make it possible to genetically manipulate polyene macrolide production, and may later lead to the biosynthesis of novel polyene macrolides.
A Review on Document Annotation Technique

Many Computer applications enable to enter the annotations on, presentations, text documents etc. It is an effectiveuse of computers in a social work environment to modify andscrutinywork. To present a unique accession that facilitates the procreation of the systematic metadata by recognizes documents which contain the information of scrutiny and this information is used for querying the database consequently. If the system allows the users to annotate the data with keywords pairs, the users are unready to perform the particular function. The function not only requires appreciable drill, but it has unclear usualness for consequent searches. In this system even if itproduces all relevant annotations, a large number of such annotations may also give something to the user who must examine, modify, and approve all the suggestions. To provide
Hepadnavirus P protein utilizes a tyrosine residue in the TP domain to prime reverse transcription

Hepadnavirus DNA minus strands are covalently linked at their 5' terminus to the viral P gene product, which has been taken to indicate that the hepadnaviral polymerase polypeptide itself also functions as a protein primer for initiating reverse transcription of the RNA pregenome. The present study confirms this indication by identifying the nucleotide-linked amino acid in the P protein sequence of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). In a first set of experiments, mutational analysis of three phylogenetically conserved tyrosine residues in the DNA terminal (TP) domain indicated that of these, only tyrosine 96 was essential for both viral DNA synthesis in transfected cells and priming of DNA synthesis in a cell-free system. This assignment was confirmed by direct biochemical analysis: tryptic peptides from the DHBV P protein, 32P labelled at the priming amino acid by the initiating dGTP and additionally labelled internally by [35S]methionine, were isolated and analyzed in parallel to reference peptides synthesized chemically and 33P labelled by a tyrosine kinase. Mobility in high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as the release in stepwise amino acid sequencing of phospholabel and of [35S]methionine, identified the priming amino acid unequivocally as the tyrosine in the sequence 91KLSGLYQMK99, which is located in the center of the TP domain. Conserved sequence motifs surrounding Tyr-96 allow the prediction of the priming tyrosine in other hepadnaviruses. Weak sequence similarity to picornavirus genome-linked polypeptides (VPgs) and similar gene organization suggest a common origin for the mechanisms that use protein priming to initiate synthesis of viral DNA genomes or RNA genomes from an RNA template.
Design and optimized implementation of the SHA-2(256, 384, 512) hash algorithms

Coupled with the increasing demand for strong secure data transmission in communications, SHA-2 hash family is becoming the newest powerful hash function standard. In this paper, a reconfigurable architecture is proposed. The architecture supports a multi-mode operation in the sense that it performs all the three hash functions algorithms (256,384 and 512) of the SHA-2 standard. Furthermore, the performance of proposed implementation in the term of throughput and resources is higher than other hardware implementations, due to using critical data path optimization and the method of reducing word length. Therefore this work can substitute efficiently the existing MD5 and SHA-1 hash function implementations in every security scheme, also offers a higher security level strength.
Mining How-to Task Knowledge from Online Communities

Nowadays, knowledge graphs have become a fundamental asset for search engines which need background commonsense knowledge for natural interactions. A fair amount of user queries seek information on problem-solving tasks such as painting a wall or repairing a bicycle. While projects like ConceptNet and Webchild have successfully compiled large amounts of knowledge on properties of objects in our daily life, there is still a big gap regarding knowledge on everyday activities, especially problem-solving tasks (how-to knowledge). Recent efforts to automatically compile commonsense have one or more the following weaknesses: (i) they ignore activity commonsense, (ii) they operate at a small scale, (iii) their outputs are not semantically organized, (iv) they are domain-specific (e.g. cooking scripts or movie scripts). All of them lack how-to knowledge. The goal of this work is to overcome these limitations and compile a large-scale, semantically organized, domain-independent formal knowledge base on tasks and task-solving steps, by tapping the contents of online communities such as WikiHow. We employ Open-IE techniques to extract noisy candidates for tasks, steps and the required tools and other items. For cleaning and properly organizing this data, we devise embedding-based clustering techniques. The resulting knowledge base, HowToKB, includes a hierarchical taxonomy of disambiguated tasks, temporal orders of sub-tasks, and attributes for involved items. A comprehensive evaluation of HowToKB shows high accuracy. As an extrinsic use case, we evaluate automatically searching related YouTube videos for HowToKB tasks.
Online and Linear-Time Attention by Enforcing Monotonic Alignments

A. Algorithms Below are algorithms for the hard monotonic decoding process we used at test time (algorithm 1) and the approach for computing its expected output that we used to train the network (algorithm 2). Terminology matches the main text, except we use ~0 to signify a vector of zeros. Algorithm 1 Hard Monotonic Attention Process Input: memory h of length T State: s0 = ~0, t0 = 1, i = 1, y0 = StartOfSequence while y i 1 6= EndOfSequence do // Produce output tokens until end-of-sequence token is produced finished = 0 // Keep track of whether we chose a memory entry or not for j = t i 1 to T do // Start inspecting memory entries hj left-to-right from where we left off
Direct Visible Surface Interpolation

The computation of visible surfaces is usually formulated in a regularization framework based on thin-plate and membrane splines. When discretized, this formulation leads to large sparse linear systems. Most surface interpolation methods solve these sparse systems with iterative methods. Here we explore the use of direct methods. Through a careful analysis of the regularization operator, we derive direct methods that efficiently make use of all zeros in the sparse discretization of the operator. Experimental results show that, compared with iterative interpolation methods, the direct methods we present are competitive in general, and they provide significant speed-ups for problems involving discontinuities. In addition to their use in visible-surface interpolation, the presented methods also support very efficient time integration for deformable surfaces.
Construction analysis of low-density parity-check codes for free-space optical communication

In this paper, we study channel model of free-space optical communication and compare the various parity-check matrix construction of low-density parity check codes. Through the comparison of various parity-check matrix construction and the thinking to the influence from ring, we find a improved parity-check matrix construction of low-density parity check codes-л-rotated construction. Then we have a emulation analysis of construction capability between various parity-check matrix construction and π-rotated construction.
Mapping the Landscape of the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Stable Signal Peptide Reveals Novel Functional Domains

ABSTRACT The stable signal peptide (SSP) of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus surface glycoprotein precursor has several unique characteristics. The SSP is unusually long, at 58 amino acids, and contains two hydrophobic domains, and its sequence is highly conserved among both Old and New World arenaviruses. To better understand the functions of the SSP, a panel of point and deletion mutants was created by in vitro mutagenesis to target the highly conserved elements within the SSP. We were also able to confirm critical residues required for separate SSP functions by trans-complementation. Using these approaches, it was possible to resolve functional domains of the SSP. In characterizing our SSP mutants, we discovered that the SSP is involved in several distinct functions within the viral life cycle, beyond translocation of the viral surface glycoprotein precursor into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. The SSP is required for efficient glycoprotein expression, posttranslational maturation cleavage of GP1 and GP2 by SKI-1/S1P protease, glycoprotein transport to the cell surface plasma membrane, formation of infectious virus particles, and acid pH-dependent glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion.
P3A-7 Real-Time High-Resolution 3D Imaging Method Using 2D Phased Arrays Based on Sparse Synthetic Focusing Technique

A method for real-time 3D ultrasound imaging using 2D phased arrays has recently been proposed by the authors, which employs two-way dynamic focusing and conventional receive dynamic focusing in the transversal and longitudinal directions, respectively. This method can be used to improve volume rate by reducing the number of transmit-receive (T/R) events with sparse synthetic focusing technique in the transversal direction. In the presentation, it will be demonstrated that the frame rate (or volume rate) of this method can be increased without elevation of grating lobes by adopting sparse synthetic focusing technique in the transversal direction. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method can provide a high-resolution 3D image with peak grating lobe level smaller than -50dB up to steering angle of 40 degree along the transversal direction
Intra-individual variation of plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline over 1 year

Abstract Background: Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, while higher TMAO levels have been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular or renal events in first prospective studies, it remained unclear how much plasma TMAO concentrations vary over time. Methods: We measured fasting plasma levels of TMAO and two of its precursors, betaine and choline by LC-MS, in two samples of 100 participants of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg study (age range: 47–80 years, 50% female) that were collected 1 year apart, and assessed their intra-individual variation by Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ). Results: Correlations of metabolite concentrations over 1 year were at ρ=0.29 (p=0.003) for TMAO, ρ=0.81 (p<0.001) for betaine, and ρ=0.61 (p<0.001) for choline. Plasma levels of TMAO were not significantly associated with food intake, lifestyle factors, or routine biochemistry parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, or creatinine. Conclusions: In contrast to fasting plasma concentrations of betaine and choline, concentrations of TMAO were more strongly affected by intra-individual variation over 1 year in adults from the general population. The modest correlation of TMAO levels over time should be considered when interpreting associations between TMAO levels and disease endpoints.
Teoría de las Funciones Semióticas en Didáctica de las Matemáticas

Presentamos una síntesis del modelo teórico sobre la cognición e instrucción matemática en cuya elaboración venimos trabajando desde hace varios años y que proporciona herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas para plantear y abordar problemas de investigación en didáctica de las matemáticas. Como rasgos característicos destacamos la articulación de las facetas institucionales y personales del conocimiento matemático, la atribución de un papel clave a los recursos expresivos y la asunción coherente de supuestos pragmáticos y realistas sobre el significado de los objetos matemáticos. El modelo de cognición matemática elaborado se adopta como elemento clave sobre el que basar el desarrollo de una teoría de la instrucción matemática significativa. Se describe, así mismo, la agenda de investigación en didáctica de la matemática derivada de la Teoría de las Funciones Semióticas, las concordancias y complementariedades con otras teorías y las principales investigaciones realizadas dentro de dicho marco teórico.
An Industrial Investigation of Human Factors Effect on Software Productivity: Analyzed by SEM Model

The software productivity in any software organization can be greatly enhanced if the human factors associated with the company employees are aligned in proper direction of cooperation and unity, among different developments teams working on same software project. In brief, the growth of any software company highly depends on understanding the concept of software productivity, and a means to measure and quantify it. In the present paper we will analyze some critical factors associated with the software development productivity, using the industrial case study data gathered after conducting questionnaire, interviews, etc. in a typical medium sized software firm. The data analysis is done through the Structure equation modeling approach. Next we present the effect of human factors on software development productivity. It's important to combine both the Human factors and software productivity, in our study so as to arrive at one final conclusion about factors affecting the software development productivity. Finally the paper ends by having discussion in brief about the results, and future work scope about this topic.