Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of anemone fishes of the Persian Gulf using mtDNA sequences

Anemone fishes are a group of 28 species of coral reef fishes belonging to the family, Pomacentridae; subfamily, Amphiprioninae and all have an obligate symbiotic relationship with sea anemones. Two species of these small ornamental fishes have been identified in the Persian Gulf including Amphiprion clarkii and Amphiprion sebae. The phylogenetic relationship between Amphiprion species of the Persian Gulf was studied by collecting 15 samples from three Iranian islands, Larak, Farur and Kish. DNA was extracted from each sample and a part of mtDNA was amplified. Two pairs of primers were designed to amplify a final target of 400 bp by nested-PCR. Each amplican was sequenced, aligned and genetic diversity among samples was investigated by phylogenetic analysis. Results show that there is no significant genetic variation among A. clarkii individuals; however, A. sebae individuals from Larak were different from other fishes of the same species. Most probably this is due to the ability of A. clarkii to be symbiotant with all 10 species of host sea anemones which enables it to spread its own population in the 3 islands. However, A. sebae is observed to be symbiotant only with one host in the sea, therefore, has one option that reduces its distribution.
Fecundity of the spined loach, Cobitis taenia (Pisces, Cobitidae) and natural allopolyploids of Cobitis from a diploid-polyploid population

Abstract. A comparison was made between the absolute and actual fecundity of C. taenia and allotriploid Cobitis females from a diploid-polyploid population inhabiting the Bug River, of Vistula River basin in Poland. All specimens were measured, weighed and aged. The absolute fecundity was determined by a gravimetric method using 29 ovaries (three of C. taenia, 25 of triploids and one of tetraploid). The actual fecundity was estimated according to the method adopted by Halačka et al. (2000) and used five ovaries of C. taenia and 40 of Cobitis triploids. Absolute fecundity of C. taenia under analysis ranged from 1 819 to 3 302 eggs and equaled 2 487 on average. It was significantly lower than absolute fecundity of an exclusively diploid population in Klawój Lake described previously (Juchno & Boroń 2006a). Absolute fecundity of triploid females ranged from 285 to 3 710, with an average of 1 577 eggs, whereas the fecundity of tetraploid Cobitis female was low, with only 882 eggs. The highest actual fecundity of C. taenia as well as of triploids was observed after they laid their first batch of eggs.
Assessment of circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid by whole exome sequencing to detect genomic alterations of glioblastoma

Abstract Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been demonstrated as a better source of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) than plasma for brain tumors. However, it is unclear whether whole exome sequencing (WES) is qualified for detection of ctDNA in CSF. The aim of this study was to determine if assessment of ctDNA in CSF by WES is a feasible approach to detect genomic alterations of glioblastoma. Methods CSFs of ten glioblastoma patients were collected pre-operatively at the Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. ctDNA in CSF and genome DNA in the resected tumor were extracted and subjected to WES. The identified glioblastoma-associated mutations from ctDNA in CSF and genome DNA in the resected tumor were compared. Results Due to the ctDNA in CSF was unqualified for exome sequencing for one patient, nine patients were included into the final analysis. More glioblastoma-associated mutations tended to be detected in CSF compared with the corresponding tumor tissue samples (3.56 ± 0.75 vs. 2.22 ± 0.32, P = 0.097), while the statistical significance was limited by the small sample size. The average mutation frequencies were similar in CSF and tumor tissue samples (74.1% ± 6.0% vs. 73.8% ± 6.0%, P = 0.924). The R132H mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and the G34V mutation of H3 histone, family 3A (H3F3A) which had been reported in the pathological diagnoses were also detected from ctDNA in CSF by WES. Patients who received temozolomide chemotherapy previously or those whose tumor involved subventricular zone tended to harbor more mutations in their CSF. Conclusion Assessment of ctDNA in CSF by WES is a feasible approach to detect genomic alterations of glioblastoma, which may provide useful information for the decision of treatment strategy.
TRACHYCRUSUS, A NEW GENUS OF CERATOCANTHINAE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) WITH TWO NEW SPECIES FROM PERU

Abstract Trachycrusus, gen.nov., and two included species, lescheni sp.nov. and striatulus sp.nov., are described and figured from eastern Peru. Morphologically the genus bridges the gap between the highly modified ceratocanthine genera such as Scarabatermes Howden and the more typical genera such as Astaenomoechus Martínez and Pereira. Résumé On trouvera ici la description illustrée de Trachycrusus, gen.nov., et de deux espèces de ce genre, T. lescheni sp.nov. et T. striatulus sp.nov., de l’est du Pérou. Morphologiquement, le nouveau genre fait le pont entre les genres très évolués de Ceratocanthinae, tel Scarabatermes Howden, et les genres plus typiques, tel Astaenomoechus Martínez et Pereira. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Independence and relationality in notions of adulthood across generations, gender and social class

The adult person is in sociological literature often referred to as a genderless and classless being. As a life course phase it is implicitly viewed as a static destination after a dynamic transition period of youth. The aim of this article is to empirically examine perceptions of adulthood in biographical interviews in three-generation Norwegian families. A case-based biographical approach related to gender and social class across historical periods is at the core of the analysis. Thoughts on independence and the Mead-inspired concept of relationality are used as sensitising concepts to examine general ideals and personal considerations in notions of adulthood. The analyses indicate variations over historical periods, generations and life course phases wherein relationality or independence become significant. Relationality may take on different meanings with reference to period-specific gender expectations such as the male provider role and women as the primary carer in families in the oldest generations. Ideals of individual independence as choice or necessity vary according to life course phase, social class and period-specific conditions.
Examining Faculty-to-Student Consensual Sexual Relationship Policies on Campus: Have There Been Changes in the Era of #MeToo

Although Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination, including sexual harassment in institutions of higher education (IHEs), in the era of #MeToo, consensual faculty–student relationships have elicited significant attention. While some IHEs have developed consensual sexual relationship policies (CSRPs), little research to date has examined the content of such policies or whether IHEs have changed their policies as societal awareness regarding sexual harassment has increased. This study examined a stratified sample of IHEs, including state flagship, regional, and Ivy League schools (n = 56), to compare the type of CSRPs in 2011 and 2018 as well as changes in the content of such policies over the 7-year study period. Findings suggested that IHEs are becoming more restrictive in their CSRPs with movement toward limited bans and prohibitions; most policies discuss power differentials, include reporting requirements, and identify the use of sanctions for policy violations. Innovations in CSRPs include nuanced discussions of consent, placing the burden of proof on faculty to prove consent in allegations of sexual harassment, and including graduate students in CSRPs. Implications inform the debate regarding policies and procedures on campus sexual misconduct and advance the literature on evolving responses.
Bovine chromosome 20: milk production QTL and candidate gene analysis in the Italian Holstein-Friesian breed

Abstract Bovine chromosome 20 (BTA20) was studied to identify QTL for milk yield and protein percentage in the Italian Holstein-Friesian breed using a selective milk DNA pooling strategy in a daughter design with sire haplotype analysis. Several QTL were identified. The effect of the known GHR F279Y and PRLR S18N mutations were in for the most part confirmed. However, it was also shown that these markers cannot explain all significant effects observed on BTA20 for the investigated traits.
Cold tolerance of the Antarctic springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola, Hypogastruridae)

Cold tolerance of the springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) was studied at Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica (77°13′S, 166°26′E). Microclimate temperatures indicate a highly seasonal thermal environment, with winter minima <–39°C. Snow cover significantly buffers both minimum temperatures and cooling rates. Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni survives low temperatures by avoiding freezing. Mean low group supercooling points (SCPs) ranged from –35.4°C in October to –28.3°C in January. The lowest SCP measured was –38.0°C. The high SCP group was very small, making up only 18% of the population in January. In October, G. hodgsoni had a very high glycerol content (>80 μg mg−1 dry weight), although this declined rapidly to low levels (c. 7–10 μg mg−1 dry weight) in January. Quantities of glucose and trehalose were low during October, but steadily increased throughout the summer. Haemolymph osmolality was exceptionally high (up to 1755 mOsm kg−1) at the end of November, but this rapidly declined to c. 500 mOsm kg−1 by late December. The presence of thermal hystersis proteins was indicated by both osmometry on haemolymph samples and recrystallization inhibition studies of springtail homogenates. There was a strong relationship between glycerol content and SCP, but the relationship between haemolymph osmolality, SCP and carbohydrates is uncertain.
A Study of the Inmate Code of Conduct in Spanish Prison

ABSTRACT The adaptation to life within the prisons is still unknown today despite having been defined almost 80 years ago by Clemmer under the name of prisonization. The aim of this paper is to estimate the phenomenon of prisonization in the Spanish penitentiary environment through a sample of 509 inmates. For data collection an instrument has been developed of the estimation of the prisonization. Correlation and regression analyzes have been carried with variables of both importation and deprivation models of prisonization. As a novelty, personality variables have been included in the analysis whose relation to prisonization has not yet been studied. The results showed a high reliability value (α =.810) of the scale and that it is a personality variable, the aggression, followed by two variables related to the deprivation model which would explain the prisonization of the Spanish inmates.
NF-κB Is Required for Surface Ig-Induced Fas Resistance in B Cells1

The susceptibility of primary murine B cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis is regulated in a receptor-specific fashion. Whereas CD40 engagement produces marked sensitivity to Fas killing, engagement of the B cell Ag receptor blocks Fas signaling for cell death in otherwise Fas-sensitive, CD40-stimulated targets and thus induces Fas resistance. The signaling pathway that leads from B cell Ag receptor to Fas resistance has not been fully characterized, but has been shown to depend on new gene expression. NF-κB is activated following B cell Ag receptor engagement and is associated with antiapoptosis; thus, it would seem a likely candidate to mediate transcriptional activation for inducible Fas resistance. Inhibition of B cell Ag receptor signaling for NF-κB activation completely blocked induction of Fas resistance by anti-Ig, and this same phenotype was observed both with chemical inhibitors such as lactacystin and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate as well as with an IκBα dominant negative TAT fusion protein. Antiapoptotic, NF-κB-responsive transcripts include two gene products previously implicated in mediating anti-Ig-induced Fas resistance, Bcl-xL and FLIP. B cell Ag receptor-induced up-regulation of both these gene products was blocked by NF-κB inhibition, suggesting a mechanism by which the loss of nuclear NF-κB alters the sensitivity of B cell Ag receptor-stimulated B cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. These results indicate that activation of NF-κB plays a key role in mediating Fas resistance produced by B cell Ag receptor engagement.
Do slow‐growing species and nutrient‐stressed plants consistently respond less to elevated CO2? A clarification of some issues raised by 
 Poorter 1998 )

Lloyd & Farquhar (1996) addressed the effect of elevated [CO2] on the relationships between photosynthesis, plant growth and their interaction with soil nitrogen availability. Using a quantitative approach the contrasting nature of photosynthetic vs. growth responses to elevated [CO2] was discussed. The importance of genetic and environmental differences in plant respiratory costs was also emphasized. In examining the importance of variation in soil nitrogen availability in modulating [CO2]±growth relationships it was concluded, contrary to the widely held assumption at the time, that plant growth enhancements in response to elevated CO2 concentrations were `nearly as often as not greater under low nutrient conditions' (Lloyd & Farquhar 1996; p. 8). A simple model of plant growth in relation to carbon and nitrogen availability accounting for this observation was then presented. In passing, likely effects of higher respiratory costs in slower growing plants on their growth response to elevated [CO2] were also mentioned. Recently Poorter (1998) has suggested that the model of Lloyd & Farquhar (1996) is `not supported by the available data' and that `plant growth at low nutrient supply or high CO2 concentrations is not constrained by C-availability'. Here we show why some of the issues and hypotheses advanced in his paper may be ̄awed.
Tracing Personality Structure in Narratives: A Computational Bottom–Up Approach to Unpack Writers, Characters, and Personality in Historical Context

We present a new method for personality assessment at a distance to uncover personality structure in historical texts. We focus on how two 19th century authors understood and described human personality; we apply a new bottom–up computational approach to extract personality dimensions used by Jane Austen and Charles Dickens to describe fictional characters in 21 novels. We matched personality descriptions using three person–description dictionaries marker scales as reference points for interpretation. Factor structures did not show strong convergence with the contemporary Big Five model. Jane Austen described characters in terms of social and emotional richness with greater nuances but using a less extensive vocabulary. Charles Dickens, in contrast, used a rich and diverse personality vocabulary, but those descriptions centred around more restricted dimensions of power and dominance. Although we could identify conceptually similar factors across the two authors, analyses of the overlapping vocabulary between the two authors suggested only moderate convergence. We discuss the utility and potential of automated text analysis and the lexical hypothesis to (i) provide insights into implicit personality models in historical texts and (ii) bridge the divide between idiographic and nomothetic perspectives. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Characteristic Analysis and Design Optimization of Bubble Artificial Muscles

Soft robotics requires new actuators and artificial muscles that are lighter, less expensive, and more effective than current technologies. Recently developed bubble artificial muscles (BAMs) are lightweight, flexible, inexpensive, pneumatic actuators with the capability of being scalable, contracting at a low pressure, and generating sufficient tension and contraction for assisting human mobility. The BAMs are simply fabricated by using a commercial plastic tubing with retaining rings, forming a “bubble” shape and creating a series of contractile units to attain a desired stroke. They can deliver high contraction through optimization of actuator length and radius, or high tension by strengthening their materials to operate at high pressure. Here, we present a detailed analysis of BAMs, define a model for their actuation, and verify the model through a series of experiments with fabricated BAM actuators. In tests, a maximum contraction of 43.1% and a maximum stress of 0.894 MPa were achieved, corresponding to the BAM lifting a load 1000 times its own weight (5.39 g). The BAM model was built to predict experimental performance, for example, the relationship between tension and contraction at various applied pressures, and between contraction and pressure. Characteristic analysis and design optimization of the BAM are presented as an approach to design and manufacture the ideal “bubble” actuator at any required dimensions. A BAM orthosis is demonstrated as assisting a sit-to-stand transition on a leg mechanism, constructed to match the scale of a human's lower limb. Guidelines for further improvement of the BAM are also included.
Marginal deformations of tree‐level 𝒩 = 4 SYM from twistor string theory

The topological B–model with target the supertwistor space ℂP3|4 is known to describe perturbative amplitudes of 𝒩 = 4 Super Yang–Mills theory. We review the extension of this correspondence to the superconformal gauge theories that arise as marginal deformations of 𝒩 = 4 by considering the effects of turning on a certain closed string background, which results in non–anticommutativity in the fermionic directions of ℂP3|4. We generalise the twistor string prescription for amplitudes to this case and illustrate it with some simple examples.
Ear photosynthesis, carbon isotope discrimination and the contribution of respiratory CO2 to differences in grain mass in durum wheat

The role of ear photosynthesis in grain filling was studied in a number of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum L.) landraces and varieties from the Middle East, North Africa, and from the collections of ‘Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique’ (INRA, France) and ‘Centro International de Mejora de Maiz y Trigo’ (CIMMYT, Mexico). Plants were grown in the field in a Mediterranean climate. Flag leaves (blade plus sheath) and ears were kept in the dark from 1 week after anthesis to maturity which reduced grain weight by 22.4% and 59.0%, respectively. In a further experiment, the carbon isotope discrimination ratio (Δ) of ear bracts, awns and flag leaves was measured on samples taken at anthesis and on mature kernels. The mean value of Δ for the water soluble fraction of bracts (17.0‰) and awns (17.7‰) were lower than those of leaves (19.5‰) and fairly similar to those of kernels (17.4‰) averaged across all genotypes. Data indicate that most of the photosynthates in the grain come from ear parts and not from flag leaves. In addition, a higher water use efficiency (WUE) of ear parts than of the flag leaf is suggested by their lower Δ values. Gas exchange in ears and flag leaves was measured during grain filling. Averaged over all genotypes, CO2 diffusive conductance was about five times higher in the flag leaf than in the spike (with distal portions of awns outside the photosynthetic chamber) 2 weeks after anthesis. In absolute terms, the dark respiration rate (Rd) was greater than the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) by a factor of 1.74 in the spike, whereas Rd was much smaller, only 22.1, 65.7 and 24.8% of Pn in blade, sheath and awns, respectively. Data indicate that photosynthesis, and hence the water use efficiency (photosynthesis/transpiration), is greatly underestimated in ears because of the high rates of respiration which diminish the measured rates of net CO2 exchange. Results of 13C discrimination and gas exchange show that genotypes from North Africa have higher WUE than those from the Middle East. The high Rd values of ears as well as their low diffusive conductance suggest that CO2 from respiration may be used as source of carbon for ear photosynthesis. In the same way, the anatomy of glumes, for example, supports the role of bracts using internal CO2 as source of photosynthesis. In the first experiment, the Δ in mature grains from culms with darkened ears compared with control culms provided further evidence in support of this hypothesis. Thus, the Δ from kernels of control plants was 0.40 higher than that from ear-darkened plants, probably because of some degree of refixation (recycling) of respired CO2 in the grains.
Tunable color correction for noisy images

Abstract. Color correction is one of the most essential camera imaging operations that transforms a camera-specific RGB color space to a standard color space, typically the XYZ or the sRGB color space. Linear color correction (LCC) and polynomial color correction (PCC) are two widely used methods; they perform the color space transformation using a color correction matrix. Owing to the use of high-order terms, PCC generally achieves lower colorimetric errors than LCC. However, PCC amplifies noise more severely than LCC. Consequently, for noisy images, there exists a trade-off between LCC and PCC regarding color fidelity and noise amplification. We propose a color correction framework called tunable color correction (TCC) that enables us to tune the color correction matrix between the LCC and the PCC models. We also derive a mean squared error calculation model of PCC that enables us to select the best trade-off balance in the TCC framework. We experimentally demonstrate that TCC effectively balances the trade-off for noisy images and outperforms LCC and PCC. We also generalize TCC to multispectral cases and demonstrate its effectiveness by taking the color correction for an RGB-near-infrared sensor as an example.