Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solar Occultation Constellation for Retrieving Aerosols and Trace Element Species (SOCRATES) Mission Concept

The goal of SOCRATES is to quantify the critical role of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) in the climate system. The mission would provide, for the first time, the suite of measurements required to quantify stratosphere/troposphere exchange (STE) pathways and their contribution to UTLS composition, and to evaluate the radiative forcing implications of potential changes in STE pathways with climate change. The discrimination and quantification of STE pathways requires simultaneous measurement of several key trace gases and aerosols with high precision, accuracy, and vertical resolution. Furthermore, aerosol and clouds, often present in the UTLS, complicate the measurement of trace gases. The SOCRATES sensor is a 23-channel Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR), referred to as GLO (GFCR Limb solar Occultation), with heritage from HALOE on UARS, and SOFIE on AIM. GLO measures aerosol extinction from 0.45 to 3.88 μm, important radiatively active gases in the UTLS (H2O, O3, CH4, N2O), key tracers of STE (HCN, CO, HDO), gases important in stratospheric O3 chemistry (HCl and HF), and temperature from cloud top to 50 km at a vertical resolution of 1 km. Improved pointing knowledge will provide dramatically better retrieval precision in the UTLS, even in the presence of aerosols, than possible with HALOE. In addition, the GLO form factor is only a few percent of that of HALOE, and costs for a constellation of GLO sensors is within the cost cap of a NASA Venture mission. The SOCRATES mission concept is an 8-element constellation of autonomous nano-satellites, each mated with a GLO sensor, deployed from a single launch vehicle. The SOCRATES/GLO approach reaps the advantages of solar occultation: high precision and accuracy; robust calibration; and high vertical resolution, while mitigating the sparse coverage of a single solar occultation sensor. We present the SOCRATES science case, and key elements of the SOCRATES mission and GLO instrument concepts.
Perceived Health Status and Life Orientation (Optimism) after Renal Transplantation

A longitudinal study was carried out on renal transplant recipients with a healthy kidney functioning in Lahore, Pakistan, to find out how recipients’ life orientation influences their perceptions of physical health status. Perceived Health Status (PHS) was measured by a self-developed questionnaire that reflected the symptom severity and frequency measured by the common immune-suppressant side effects. Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R; Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, 1994) was used to measure optimism. Statistical analysis involved linear regression and cross lagged correlation analysis (CLC). It was found that most recipients tend to have an optimistic attitude and a positive perception of their health status. Although both PHS and optimism were found to be significant predictors of each other, however, it was clarified that recipients’ with a better PHS, that is, healthy graft functioning tend to be more optimistic because of their improved health status. Socio-demographic factors including age, education level, time since transplant, and financial condition reflected by monthly family income were also analysed for their effect. Age was found to be the only factor affecting PHS and optimism across three times. Younger recipients reported better PHS and tend to be more optimistic. Work status (working vs. nonworking recipients) was found to be significant predictor of optimism at Time 1 and of PHS at Time2 and 3 only, not showing a consistent pattern across 15 months.
SIMULATIONS AND CALCULATIONS AS VERIFICATION TOOLS FOR DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT

A hydrostatic bearing assembly, with an integral rotating-shaft hydrodynamic pump, adapted for use as a stiff zero static-friction actuator pivot bearing for the head-stack assembly of a disk drive data storage apparatus. The zero static-friction pivot bearing avoids all "limit cycling" and "sticking" problems arising from static bearing friction during micro-tracking operations. The motor-driven hydrodynamic pumping element is disposed coaxially to the zero static-friction hydrostatic bearing element in a single assembly adapted for use as an actuator pivot bearing. The hydrodynamic pumping element and the hydrostatic bearing element both use a plurality of spaced-apart radial journal-bearing layers and a plurality of axial thrust-bearing layers to provide stiffness in all directions at any rotational velocity. The lubricating fluid pressure within the hydrodynamic pumping element is controlled on both sides of every bearing layer by coupling all radial journal-bearing layers and axial thrust-bearing layers to a circumferential undercut (or overcut) and by coupling these circumferential undercuts to ambient pressure through a plurality of fluid-filled passages in the several rotating and stationary elements. The fluid bearing layers are coupled to form a continuous pressure-controlled fluid film sealed at three ends by surface tension. In an actuator pivot bearing for a disk drive data storage apparatus, the hydrodynamic pump motor can be operated under the control of a dual phase-locked motor drive controller to synchronize it with a spindle motor element in a manner that cancels vibrations arising from both motors.
Preparation and Characterization of CL-20/EPDM by a Crystal Refinement and Spray Drying Method

A 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) based mixed explosive was prepared by a spray drying method using CL-20 suspended in hexane containing EPDM rubber (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer), and made into a stable suspension. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their thermal stability and impact sensitivity were also measured. The results showed that the ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM) can be successfully coated on to the CL-20 crystal surface. Compared to refinement-spray CL-20, the impact sensitivity of CL-20/EPDM was significantly reduced. The characteristic drop height was increased from 28.12 to 39.78 cm. The thermal stability was better than refinement-spray CL-20.
Wavelength-dependent nonlinear optical loop mirror for simultaneous amplitude noise reduction at two wavelengths

We propose and study analytically and numerically a polarisation-imbalanced Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (NOLM) scheme exhibitinga wavelength-dependent nonlinear characteristic. The device includes a symmetric coupler, an isotropic (or, in practice, twisted nonpolarisation-maintaining) fibre loop and a section of high birefringence (HiBi) fibre to break the polarisation symmetry. Thanks to thewavelength-dependent phase shift of the HiBi fibre, wavelength-dependent switching is obtained. For proper orientation of the HiBi fibrein the loop plane and using linear input polarisation at 45° with respect to its birefringence axes, the NOLM switching power varies withwavelength, whereas its zero low-power transmission and 100% maximal transmission are constant. Through slight adjustments of the HiBifibre birefringence, which can be realised mechanically or thermally, the ratio between switching powers at two particular wavelengthscan be readily adjusted. We show numerically that this scheme can be applied to simultaneous amplitude regeneration of two wavelengthchannels exhibiting uneven power levels.
Kinect Skeleton Coordinate Calibration for Remote Physical Training

With the advent of the Microsoft Kinect sensor, skeleton coordinate systems have become an active part of interactive multimedia applications. The skeleton coordinate data captured by the Kinect sensor can be used to compare the similarity of remote users' motions in remote training systems. However, this approach is limited in that the remote users' initial positions have to be at the same position and face the sensor with the same angle. This paper proposes a Kinect Skeleton Coordinate Calibration (KSCC) algorithm to calibrate the remote user's arbitrary initial positions, thereby removing the above limitations on the initial positions and angles. It collects the remote user's initial position data, and calculates the initial centre coordinate of the user and initial angle between user and Kinect sensor. After the collection and calculation, all skeleton coordinates are transformed to a universal coordinate system according to the initial centre coordinate and rotated by a quaternion rotation. An evaluation test has been performed to assess the accuracy and limiting fields of the system. The results show that our approach is able to calibrate the Kinect skeleton coordinates with a high accuracy, with the requirements that the user's initial positions only need to be in the detection zone of the Kinect sensor. Keywords - Kinect skeleton coordinate; calibration; remote physical training; interactive multimedia I. INTRODUCTION
Agricultural ammonia emissions in China: reconciling bottom-up and top-down estimates

Abstract. Current estimates of agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China differ by more than a factor of 2, hindering our understanding of their environmental consequences. Here we apply both bottom-up statistical and top-down inversion methods to quantify NH3 emissions from agriculture in China for the year 2008. We first assimilate satellite observations of NH3 column concentration from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model to optimize Chinese anthropogenic NH3 emissions at the 1∕2° × 2∕3° horizontal resolution for March–October 2008. Optimized emissions show a strong summer peak, with emissions about 50 % higher in summer than spring and fall, which is underestimated in current bottom-up NH3 emission estimates. To reconcile the latter with the top-down results, we revisit the processes of agricultural NH3 emissions and develop an improved bottom-up inventory of Chinese NH3 emissions from fertilizer application and livestock waste at the 1∕2° × 2∕3° resolution. Our bottom-up emission inventory includes more detailed information on crop-specific fertilizer application practices and better accounts for meteorological modulation of NH3 emission factors in China. We find that annual anthropogenic NH3 emissions are 11.7 Tg for 2008, with 5.05 Tg from fertilizer application and 5.31 Tg from livestock waste. The two sources together account for 88 % of total anthropogenic NH3 emissions in China. Our bottom-up emission estimates also show a distinct seasonality peaking in summer, consistent with top-down results from the satellite-based inversion. Further evaluations using surface network measurements show that the model driven by our bottom-up emissions reproduces the observed spatial and seasonal variations of NH3 gas concentrations and ammonium (NH4+) wet deposition fluxes over China well, providing additional credibility to the improvements we have made to our agricultural NH3 emission inventory.
Decomposing time-frequency economic relationships

Many economic processes are a combination of components operating on di¤erent frequencies. Several questions about the data are connected to the understanding of the behavior at di¤erent frequencies. Fourier analysis allow us to study the cyclical nature of a time-series in the frequency domain. However, under the Fourier transform, the time information of a time series is completely lost. Some authors have proposed Wavelet analysis, which performs the estimation of the spectral characteristics of a time-series as a function of time, as an alternative to the Fourier transform. In this paper, we suggest two tools that generalize wavelet methods: cross wavelets and wavelet coherency. With these tools, we are able to use wavelet analysis to directly study the interactions (such as covariance, correlation and causality) between two timeseries at di¤erent frequencies and how they evolve over time. Keywords: Business cycles, time-frequency analysis, non-stationary time series, wavelets, cross wavelets, wavelet coherency. JEL Classi cation: C10, E32. Departamento de Economia, Universidade do Minho, E-mail address: lfaguiar@eeg.uminho. pt yDepartamento de Matemática, Universidade de Minho, E-mail address: jsoares@math.uminho. pt zFaculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, E-mail address: ncazevedo@gmail.com 1
MISTRAL: Myopic deconvolution method applied to ADONIS and to simulated VLT-NAOS images

The monitoring of SN 1998bw through its second year has provided important new clues on the nature of this object. The late spectrum very much resembles the ones of other Type Ib/c supernovae. Hence, SN 1998bw can be tied to a class of objects we know fairly well. We confirm the large nickel mass required to power the optical radiation of this event, but find discrepancies by fitting the late spectrum with the models which were used to interpret the early phases. The implied energies are still unique for any supernova ever observed. The connection of SN 1998bw to GRB980425 is still unclear, but we do not expect to see any signature of the burst at these late phases. The radio observations have been linked to the γray burst and the relativistic expansion of material (Kulkarni et al. 1998, Li & Chevalier 1999). The X-ray emission from the GRB afterglow is coincident with the supernova as well (Pian et al. 1999). SN 1998bw remains a fascinating and puzzling object. The combination of two instruments and telescopes to follow SN 1998bw to late phases has been very useful. The 3.6-m/EFOSC2 provided the early coverage and only at the end was the supernova ‘handed’ to UT1/FORS1. We were therefore able to secure a spectrum about every month and could follow this object further than would have been possible with the 3.6-m. It is unlikely that there will be a third observing season for SN 1998bw. Unless the luminosity becomes constant, it will be too faint to be recovered. There are known processes that could lead to such a constant flux, e.g. interaction with the circumstellar material or input from the accretion on a black hole. We have been following several such objects already and SN 1998bw will be worth at least a check in the next few months.
1-6-2008 GEOSTATISTICAL INFERENCE UNDER PREFERENTIAL SAMPLING

Geostatistics involves the fitting of spatially continuous models to spatially discrete data (Chilès and Delfiner, 1999). Preferential sampling arises when the process that determines the data-locations and the process being modelled are stochastically dependent. Conventional geostatistical methods assume, if only implicitly, that sampling is non-preferential. However, these methods are often used in situations where sampling is likely to be preferential. For example, in mineral exploration samples may be concentrated in areas thought likely to yield high-grade ore. We give a general expression for the likelihood function of preferentially sampled geostatistical data and describe how this can be evaluated approximately using Monte Carlo methods. We present a model for preferential sampling, and demonstrate through simulated examples that ignoring preferential sampling can lead to seriously misleading inferences. We describe an application of the model to a set of bio-monitoring data from Galicia, northern Spain, in which making allowance for preferential sampling materially changes the inferences.
Graphene-based Janus micromotors for the dynamic removal of pollutants

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous in the environment as a result of modern industrial processes. We present an effective POPs decontamination strategy based on their dynamic adsorption at the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated silica (SiO2)–Pt Janus magnetic micromotors for their appropriate final disposition. While the motors rapidly move in a contaminated solution, the adsorption of POPs efficiently takes place in a very short time. Characterization of the micromotors both from the materials and from the motion point of view was performed. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (triclosan) were chosen as model POPs and the removal of the contaminants was efficiently achieved. The rGO-coated micromotors demonstrated superior adsorbent properties with respect to their concomitant GO-coated micromotors, static rGO-coated particles and dynamic silica micromotors counterparts. The extent of decontamination was studied over the number of micromotors, whose magnetic properties were used for their collection from environmental samples. The adsorption properties were maintained for 4 cycles of micromotors reuse. The new rGO-coated SiO2 functional material-based micromotors showed outstanding capabilities towards the removal of POPs and their further disposition, opening up new possibilities for efficient environmental remediation of these hazardous compounds.
Interference Cancellation in Broadcast Channel of Multiuser MIMO system using Block Diagonalization and Dirty Paper Coding Schemes

— In Multiuser MIMO system, multiple antennas are placed on base station and also on multiple users. Multiple antennas technique enhanced the performance parameters like reliability and data rate of wireless communication system without required more bandwidth, multiple antennas at transmitting and receiving end provides transmitting and receiving diversity, diversity increases the reliability of signal and spatial multiplexing increases the data rate by transmitting multiple information streams between transmitter and receiver. The base station transmits multiple streams to mobile station through downlink channel, known as broadcast channel and mobile users also transmit multiple streams to base station through uplink channel, known as multiple access channel. This paper considers only broadcast channel, the major issue in information transmission in broadcast channel is that the desired signal on the receiving side is affected by other user interference as well as inter-antenna interference. So, interference cancellation schemes on the transmitting end plays very important role to reduced interference on receiving end in multiuser MIMO wireless communication system. This paper discusses two interference cancellation schemes, Block Diagonalization (BD) and Dirty Paper Coding (DPC). Block Diaganalization is linear precoding technique that is used at transmitting end and it uses singular value decomposition operation to get block diagonalization precoding weights. Dirty Paper Coding is non-linear precoding technique; this technique is applied only when channel gains are completely known at transmitting end. This paper also shows performance comparison of block diagonalization and dirty paper coding schemes in term of Bit Error Rate
Teacher-Student-Relationships in Teacher Education: Exploring Three Projects of Knowledge Transfer into Action

How teachers are best educated is a question that has been discussed for a long time. One perspective to this debate focuses particularly on dovetailing theoretical knowledge with practice. The present research is devoted to the specific exploration of this dovetailing: Three projects are presented that allow a direct transfer of knowledge into practice. The critical knowledge in the projects focuses explicitly on creating a supportive teacher-student-relationship. In the theoretical part of this contribution, the relevance of a supportive teacher-student-relationship is discussed according to the background of teacher students’ apprenticeship of observation. The research question is if the projects deliver strategies, ways and solutions to challenge the contents of apprenticeship of observation and accordingly to transfer empirically-based knowledge into action of teachers with regard to creating a supportive teacher-student-relationship. Project 1 refers to accompanied sponsorships between teacher students and pupils (N = 15), project 2 combines classroom management knowledge with teaching social learning in a class (N = 13) and project 3 refers to the reintegration of mentally ill students back to school (N = 10). Qualitative analysis of knowledge transfer grounds on self-reports of teacher students and partly observation of teacher educators. The results hint to the value of action in academic education and are discussed in relation to their effects of gaining competencies and their feasibility.
Americas Conference on Information Systems ( AMCIS ) December 2002 AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCEPTANCE OF PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS BY INDIVIDUALS

Portable computing devices with wireless links are new means for computing and communication. PDAs, cell phones, and portable computers are expected to drive mobile commerce. Among them personal digital assistants (PDAs) are considered to have the most potential. While there is strong indication that PDA adoption is increasing, little systematic research has been done to understand the determinants of PDA adoption and use by individuals. In this study we empirically examine PDA adoption using widely employed Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The findings of the study show that TAM predicts PDA adoption well.
Cost Determinants in Canadian Universities.

The relationship between costs per student and enrollment is examined with regression analysis for 61 Canadian universities for the academic year 1986-87. This relationship is explored for overall costs and for sub-components including instruction, library, computing, administration and physical plant costs. Also examined is the influence on cost per student of student mix, student-faculty ratios, faculty wages and research intensity. Among the conclusions are that economies of scale apply to Canadian universities and costs per student are pos- itively related to faculty salaries, faculty research intensity and the proportion of students in graduate programs and scientific disciplines.
Gaussian Longitudinal Analysis of Progression of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Fasting Blood Sugar Level: A Case of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where by glucose cannot effectively get transported out of the blood. It is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and growing concern in world wide. There are two Types of diabetes, which are Type I and Type II. A longitudinal data analysis retrospective based study was conducted between 1 st September, 2012 to 30 th August 2015 in Debre Berhan referral hospital. The main objective of the study was Gaussian longitudinal analysis of progression of Diabetes mellitus patients using fasting blood sugar level count following insulin, metformin and to identify factors predicting the progression of diabetic infection. A total of 248 Diabetes mellitus patients were included in the study whom 111 (44.8%) were females and the rest 137 (55.8%) were males. The generalized linear mixed model would be used to model the progression of diabetic infection. The appropriate variance covariance structure was Compound symmetry selected for this study. This study showed that age, sex, time, illiterate with time, primary with time, address with time, age with time and time with time were statistically significant factors for the progression of fasting blood sugar level at a logarithmic fasting sugar level over time in generalized linear mixed model. The mean fasting blood sugar level showed an increasing progress over time after patients were initiated on insulin and metformin. The statistical modelling approaches linear mixed model and generalized linear mixed model have been compared for the analysis of fasting data and we obtained generalized linear mixed model exhibited the best fit for this data with smaller disturbance than linear mixed model for their estimated standard error.