Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the mental health and wellbeing needs of police officers and staff in Scotland

ABSTRACT Police work can be stressful and demanding and can impact on employee wellbeing. This study aimed to understand mental health (MH) issues and risk factors for poor MH in officers and staff of the Police Service of Scotland (PSoS); and gather their ideas of workplace wellbeing interventions that are suitable for this workforce. Face-to-face/telephone interviews were conducted with 30 Superintendents and eight stakeholders, recruited throughout PSoS. Interview topics included: MH issues; health/health behaviours; employment; and potentially beneficial workplace interventions. A thematic analysis approach was adopted. High levels of occupational stress and anxiety, currently or in the past, were reported, as were experiences of PTSD, anxiety and depression. The main stressors reported were working hours, workload, culture, leadership and organisational change. Officers and staff recognised progress towards promoting and managing MH in the service but identified interventions, including training, counselling, and environmental workplace changes as needed to address mental health issues within police cultures.
Blossoming in English: Preschool Children’s Emergent Literacy Skills in English

ABSTRACT The debate over an optimal age for learning a second language has been active for decades and includes dispute about whether learning derives mainly from nature or nurture. This article explores to what extent exposing native Portuguese preschool children (3–5 years old) to a specific pedagogic approach for learning English is effective in positively impacting emergent literacy skills. An innovative pedagogic approach for learning English (EFL Pedagogic Approach) was designed and implemented in an early years foundation stage setting. The effects of the pedagogic approach were investigated for the length of an academic year in terms of receptive vocabulary, oral production, and emergent word-level reading and writing skills. Evidence indicated emergent literacy skills in English, such as awareness of intentionality of print, the match between spoken and written words, and the conventions of print. Therefore, it is recommended that further action for incorporating English into the Portuguese early years foundation stage curriculum should be taken in order to build school readiness.
Fermentation characteristics of Clostridium pasteurianum LMG 3285 grown on glucose and mannitol

Clostridium pasteurianum fermented glucose to acetate, butyrate, CO2 and H2. In batch cultures the fermentation pattern was only slightly affected by culture pH over the range 8·0 to 5·5. The acetate/butyrate ratio was always higher than or equal to one. Between 2·14 and 2·33 mol H2 was produced per mol glucose fermented. At unregulated pH, more butanol and less butyrate was formed. In a carbon-limited chemostat, the steady-state acetate/butyrate ratio was always lower than one. H2 production was approximately 1·70 mol per mol glucose consumed. Substantial amounts of extracellular protein were formed. With decreasing pH, acetate and formate production decreased, while H2 production was highest at pH 6.0. With increasing dilution rate (D), the product spectrum hardly changed, but more biomass was formed. Yglucosemax and YATPmax were 55·97 and 31·48 g dry weight per mol glucose or ATP respectively. With increasing glucose input the formation of fatty acids and H2 slightly decreased. Continuous cultures fermented mannitol to acetate, butyrate, butanol, CO2 and H2. With acetate as co-substrate, butanol production and molar growth yields, Ymannitol and YATP, markedly decreased, while the butyrate and H2 production increased. The latter reached a value of 2·21 mol H2 per mol mannitol consumed.
STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF A DIMER SODIUM PUMP

Sodium pump is known to play an important role in almost all organs of our human body like heart, kidney, liver, brain, etc. A number of mechanisms for sodium pumping have been proposed till date, with Albers–Post Model being most widely used. Recently, Clarke proposed a two-gear dimer sodium pump model to replace the classical Albers–Post Model. This dimer model has two gears of sodium pumping depending upon the available adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations. The mathematical model governing the two gears of sodium pumping overestimated the total fluorescence change of sodium pump labeled with voltage-sensitve probe RH421, which responds to electrogenic reactions of the pump, for ATP concentrations lesser than 25 μM. In this article, a modification has been proposed to the existing dimer mathematical model. Also, it is well known that stochastic chemical kinetics of enzymes has a stronger physical basis than classical reaction rate equations. Hence, the modified mathematical model is simulated using STochastic Engine for Pathway Simulation (STEPS). The stochastic results are used to perform comparative analysis with experimental and deterministic results to validate the modified model and consequently the dimeric nature of sodium pump. The modified model gave a better prediction of total fluorescence change for over all possible range of ATP concentrations. Similar approach can be used to stochastically simulate other ion pumping processes.
Quantifizierung der Waldbiomasse und des Holznutzungspotenzials in der Schweiz

Zahlreiche Länder entwickelten auf Basis der vorhandenen nationalen Waldinventur und deren Netz Modelle, um den Waldzustand in die Zukunft zu projizieren. Mit solchen Modellen können Bewirtschaftungsszenarien simuliert werden, um Holznutzungspotenziale oder Kohlenstoffbilanzen im Wald zu schätzen, die als Entscheidungsgrundlage für die Waldpolitik oder als Basis für den «Forest Reference Level» (FRL) dienen, dessen Bestimmung aufgrund von internationalen Verpflichtungen wie dem Pariser Abkommen erforderlich ist. In diesem Artikel wird der distanzunabhängige Einzelbaumsimulator Massimo vorgestellt, und seine Anwendung wird in einem Szenario mit konstanter Vorratshaltung demonstriert. Massimo basiert auf dem schweizerischen Landesforstinventar (LFI), wobei die demografischen Prozesse (Regeneration, Wachstum, Nutzung und Mortalität) empirisch an dessen Daten angepasst wurden. Durch die Initialisierung und Simulation auf dem Netz des LFI sind die Modellvorhersagen statistisch repräsentativ für die Schweiz, was zuverlässige Schätzungen zur Waldentwicklung auf regionaler (Wirtschaftsregion, Produktionsregion) und nationaler Ebene (Schweiz) ermöglicht. Eine konstante Vorratshaltung in allen Wirtschaftsregionen der Schweiz unter der Annahme des heutigen Klimas würde in den nächsten 50 Jahren dazu führen, dass sich die Nutzung vom gut erschlossenen Mittelland in weniger dicht erschlossene Gebiete des Alpenraumes verlagern müsste. Trotz konstanter Vorratshaltung würde dabei die Biomasse weiter ansteigen, da der Laubholzanteil zunimmt und Laubbäume mehr Astderbholz und eine höhere Holzdichte aufweisen. Eine Nutzungsverlagerung in den Alpenraum würde zu höheren Erntekosten führen, die bei den gegenwärtigen Marktpreisen nur mit Subventionen gedeckt werden könnten. Während verschiedene Bewirtschaftungsformen Teil der Szenariodefinition sind, werden in Massimo keine Annahmen über soziale und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen berücksichtigt. Hingegen werden die Prozesse Wachstum, Mortalität und Regeneration gegenwärtig klimasensitiv implementiert, wodurch das sich verändernde Klima zukünftig berücksichtigt werden kann. Durch die zusätzliche Implementation von Indikatoren zur Wirtschaftlichkeit, zur Schutzwirkung und zur Biodiversität bietet Massimo Potenzial für Anwendungen mit Fokus auf weitere Waldleistungen auch unter dem Aspekt des Klimawandels.
Embodied cognition: dimensions, domains and applications

This article is intended as a response to Goldinger et al. and to all those, an increasing minority in the sciences, who still belittle the contribution of embodied cognition to our understanding of human cognitive behaviour. In this article (section 1), I introduce the notion of embodiment and explain its dimensions and reach. I review (section 2) a range of embodied cognition theories and highlight the principles and criteria on which they rely or draw from. I focus (section 3) on three crucial empirical domains in which an embodied perspective has driven novel insights about the relationship between mind and cognition. I argue that embodiment is not just a philosophical mantra empty of empirical content. I draw attention (section 4) to some of the recent ways in which principles underlying embodied cognition have begun to be applied in different fields (contemporary psychology). I review some of these interventions and suggest that discussing these applications not only provides additional evidence against any poverty claim but can also help moving the field forward in important ways. Contra Goldinger et al., I therefore conclude (section 5) that embodied cognition is a very fruitful research programme for the empirical sciences and that can adequately explain many aspects of human cognitive behaviour.
Evolution of Privacy Preservation Models in Location-Based Services

Location-based services have become increasingly prevalent with the advancement in the positioning capabilities of smart devices and their emergence in social networking. In order to acquire a service, users must submit their identity, query interest and location details to service providers. Such information shared by users are accumulated continuously, stored and analyzed in order to extract the knowledge base from it. Generally, this extracted information is used by service providers to provide users with personalized services. The accumulated data have enormous market value which is found to be used for many lucrative purposes. This work presents a detailed study on the evolution of existing privacy preservation models need to preserve privacy, and the opportunities to integrate fog computing services into privacy architectures. The study proposes a fog integrated privacy preservation model exploring the benefits and open research issues in traditional models and recent integrated fog models. Future directions of fog incorporated privacy preservation models are presented.
Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur SG Posture Evaluation

Background: The SG Posture Evaluation measuring tool is designed and made to measure changes in posture in adults and children. the level of validity and reliability of the SG Posture Evaluation measuring instrument is needed. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of validity and reliability of the SG Posture Evaluation measuring instrument. The benefits of this study as a scientific reference related to the validity and reliability of the SG Posture Evaluation can be used in the community. Methods: The research method used through quantitative research. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, the number of samples is 84, there are 2 categories and there are 10 claims /items, ranking 5 parallel to the spine and 5 items from the side of the neck (neck, shoulders, thorax, lumbar and pelvis), data discussed with Pearson and apronha cronbach. Results: Valid results, Rating from back: Item number 2 (Shoulder value 323), item number 5 (Pelvic 260) and side-side values obtained: Item number 1 (Neck 747), Item number 2 (Shoulder value 276), Item number 3 (Thoraks value 301), Item number 4 (Lumbar value 489) Item number 5 (Pelvic 334). While invalid results, Value from back: Item number 1 (Neck value 170), Item number 3 (Thorax value 128), Item number (4) (Lumbar value 0); goods. The level of reliability with an alpha cronback value of 612 values greater than 0.6. Conclusion: There is validity and reliability of the SG Posture Evaluation measuring instrument.
Design and Realization of a Robotic Manipulator for Minimally Invasive Surgery With Replaceable Surgical Tools

Minimally invasive surgery is a useful but challenging surgical technique. Several robotic manipulators have been realized in the past three decades to overcome its difficulties. However, a majority of these manipulators lack two important features. First, the ability to provide a right-angled tool entry (with respect to the surrounding skin tissue) for entry-ports located on the far-side of the patient's body, and second, rapid change of the surgical tools. To solve these issues, this article presents synthesis of a new surgical manipulator that ensures a right-angled tool entry—in order to reduce postoperative pain in the patient's skin tissue—through its novel design. We describe the design, perform kinematic analysis, and validate the robotic manipulator's ability to maintain a remote center of motion. The proposed manipulator is equipped with a quick-release mechanism to facilitate rapid change of the surgical instruments during robot-assisted surgery. Contrary to the state-of-the-art, the proposed manipulator does not require extra passive arms to provide a proper tool entry-angle. The manipulator's performance is experimentally evaluated by performing tool-insertion, pegs-transfer, and path-following tasks in a master–slave teleoperation setting. It is demonstrated that the manipulator can perform basic surgical tasks, such as pick-and-place and object manipulation, with a high success rate.
The detection of sensor signal attacks in industrial control systems

To improve productivity and efficiency in industrial manufacturing, the fourth industrial revolution leads to the implementation of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) in the industrial environment. Ubiquitous communication makes CPS susceptible to external influences, which can have a negative intention; for instance, CPS are prone to various attacks and malicious threats by different adversaries. The impact of an attack on the system can lead to anomalies and serious consequences for system parts or the system as a whole. Security mechanisms must be developed in order to timely detect different attacks and to keep the system safe and protected. In this paper, a method for sensor signal attacks detection in a continuous time controlled systems has been proposed. The method is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) and tested on the data obtained from the Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) testbed, a scaled-down plant that produces purified water.
Mutation nomenclature extensions and suggestions to describe complex mutations: A discussion

Consistent gene mutation nomenclature is essential for efficient and accurate reporting, testing, and curation of the growing number of disease mutations and useful polymorphisms being discovered in the human genome. While a codified mutation nomenclature system for simple DNA lesions has now been adopted broadly by the medical genetics community, it is inherently difficult to represent complex mutations in a unified manner. In this article, suggestions are presented for reporting just such complex mutations. Hum Mutat 15:7–12, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global Finite Time Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Parallel Manipulators With Unknown Bounded Uncertainties

In this article, a global finite-time active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme is proposed for tracking control of redundant parallel manipulators with unknown bounded uncertainties. This approach combines an ADRC and a global finite-time control for high accuracy trajectory tracking control. Based on the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control, the proposed approach can remove the condition in the original ADRC that the derivative of the uncertainties is required to be bounded. The extended state observer is employed to handle the real-time estimation of the total uncertainty. It can be found that the proposed scheme not only can converge fast to the semi-global finite-time stable equilibrium but also can have superior tracking control performance. In summary, compared to existing approaches, the proposed scheme can have several advantages, such as uncertainty rejection, easy implementation, robustness, chattering-free, high precision, and no need for prior knowledge of bounded uncertainties. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Molecular Stability of Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma DNA in Periwinkle Plant Tissues after Thermal Treatment under Microwave Conditions.

This paper describes a simple, rapid and economical method to preserve healthy plant tissues or those infected with phytoplasma for molecular diagnosis and analysis. After thermal treatments, clover proliferation (CP) phytoplasma DNA in periwinkle leaf samples, which was exposed to the microwave heat up to 480sec, remained intact but not after 600sec. The extracted DNA of the CP-infected tissues was amplified with phytoplasma universal primers showing a typical single band of 558bp in the microwave treated samples except the 600sec treatment, or healthy controls. Restriction digestions of PCR products of the heat treated samples with Alu I enzyme showed patterns similar to that with the digested PCR product of a fresh CP-infected sample on 5% polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis, indicating its stability after the microwave heat treatment. The identity of CP phytoplasma in each heat-treated sample was confirmed by its amplification with specific primers forming a prominent band of 196bp which matched the size of the primer pair that was specific to CP phytoplasma.
A method for estimating cell volume of amoebae based on measurements of cell length of motile forms: physiological and ecological applications.

A novel method of estimating the cell volume of non-testate, free-living amoebae is presented. Measurements of the length (L) of motile forms of some amoebae, obtained by applying some basic rules, can be used to calculate diameter (D) using a relatively simple formula, derived from regression analysis (N = 39): D = 0.6L. Important physiological and ecological variables, including carbon content and respiratory rate, can then be easily calculated using this estimated cell volume.
Maesaceae, a new primuloid family in the order Ericales s.l

Evidence from morphology and molecular sequence data from three chloroplast genes, rbcL, ndhF, and atpB, have shown that the genus Maesa constitutes an evolutionary lineage separate from the other three primuloid families, Theophrastaceae, Myrsinaceae, and Primulaceae. The new family Maesaceae is here formally recognised, its taxonomic status being changed from a subfamily of Myrsinaceae. The new family comprises a single genus, Maesa Forssk. , with some 100 species of trees or shrubs; it is diagnosed by characters such as flower pedicels with two bracteoles, a semi-inferior ovary, and indehiscent fruits with many seeds. A key to the major groups of primuloid taxa is presented.
Reinstatement of Paragrandidierella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Aoridae) from Japan, with the Description of a New Species

Paragrandidierella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Aoridae) is reinstated for three species from Japan, P. minima Ariyama, 2002, P. unidentata (Ren, 2006), and P. urauchiensis sp. nov. Eight morphological features distinguish these species from species of the genus Grandidierella, with which Paragrandidierella was synonymized. Paragrandidierella urauchiensis sp. nov. was collected from a tidal flat at the mouth of the Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, Okinawa Prefecture. This new species has long antennae and a long, acute tooth on the posterodistal corner of the gnathopod 1 carpus in males. Paragrandidierella unidentata was collected from a tidal flat at the mouth of the Waka River, Wakayama Prefecture, as the first record of this species in Japan. It is characterized by a short antenna 2 and a short tooth on the posterodistal corner of the gnathopod 1 carpus in males. The morphology of the antennae, the detailed structure of the mouthparts, and the change in shape with growth of P. minima, the type species of the genus, are also described. A key to the species of the genus is provided.
The Impact of Corporate Governance Structures on Foreign Direct Investment: A Case Study of West African Countries

A number of studies have been done to examine the factors that impact the level of foreign direct investment in African countries. However, most of them have not considered the effect corporate governance structures have on foreign direct investment (FDI) in their estimations. This research therefore pursued the investigation of the relationship between corporate governance structures at the national level and foreign direct investment concentrating mainly on West African economies for the period 2009–2018. The study constructed a panel, sampling annual data from 17 West African countries. The System generalized method of moments (GMM) was used in analyzing the panel data to attain the objective of the research. The results of the study reveal that countries characterized by greater protection of the interest of non-controlling parties are able to accumulate progressive FDIs. Economies with firms portraying high ethical values also generally generate increasing foreign direct investment, and the existence of effective boards also significantly improves the country’s FDI inflows. Finally, the findings report that the impact of regulations in securities and the stock exchange on FDI is insignificant. The study recommends that West African countries institute corporate governance structures purely independent of political influences in order to ensure effective utilization of foreign direct investment to mitigate poverty.
Identification and characterisation of the predominant lactic acid-producing and lactic acid-utilising bacteria in the foregut of the feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia

The camel is emerging as a new and important animal in the Australian livestock industry. However, little is known regarding the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract of this ruminant-like animal. This study was carried out to determine the diversity of lactic acid-producing and lactic acid-utilising bacteria in the foregut of the feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia. Putative lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the foregut contents of camels by culturing on De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe and lactic acid media. Identification of representative isolates was based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Fermentation end products of glucose (i.e. volatile fatty acids and lactate) were also measured in vitro. The key predominant bacteria identified in this study were closely related to Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Lachnospira pectinoschiza and Prevotella ruminicola. The main L-lactate producers were those isolates closely related to S. bovis, S. ruminantium and Lactococcus garvieae, while the efficient lactate utilisers were S. ruminantium-related isolates. D-lactate was produced by isolates closely related to either L. pectinoschiza or S. ruminantium. The predominant bacteria isolated and characterised in this study are identical and/or closely related to those typically found in true ruminants (e.g. S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, S. bovis). In addition, some of the bacteria isolated represent novel species of Lachnospira and Clostridium in the context of lactic acid bacteria from a large herbivorous host. The results from this study have contributed to our understanding and provide opportunities to reduce foregut acidosis in the camel.