Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Total Quercetin and Rutin Content in Malus domestica of Nepalese Origin by HPLC Method and Determination of Their Antioxidative Activity

Malus domestica (Apple) is one of the most widely cultivated cash crops of Nepal. Jumla and Mustang are two major pocket areas for the production of apple. Flavonoids including quercetin and rutin are potent antioxidants present in apples. This study was designed to quantify and compare the presence of quercetin and rutin in different plant parts (peel, leaf, and bark) among various cultivars of Malus domestica from two pocket zones of Nepal. A new HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the quantification of quercetin and rutin. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and carbohydrate contents were determined by colorimetric methods. 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was carried out to measure in vitro antioxidative activity. Acid hydrolysis of each extract was carried out by the standard method to measure aglycone quercetin content after hydrolysis of its glycosides. The total rutin content ranged from 3.69 ± 1.34 to 374.50 ± 2.35 mg/100g dry extract weight. Before the acidic hydrolysis, the total quercetin content ranged from 2.96 ± 0.13 to 171.05 ± 0.95 mg/100g dry extract weight whereas its amount increased highly after the hydrolysis and it ranged from 80.84 ± 19.65 to 7445.32 ± 29.25 mg/100g dry extract weight. Total polyphenol content ranged from 19.48 ± 0.23 to 123.48 ± 1.84 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Similarly, flavonoid content ranged from 2.21 ± 0.72 µg to 755.54 ± 1.91 µg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Total carbohydrate content ranged from 144.15 ± 3.73 to 484.65 ± 2.63 µg glucose equivalent per 0.5 mg dry extract weight. All the extracts showed the various degrees of antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, stem bark of the Jonathan Jumla showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 13.003 µg/mL. The present study provides the information about variation of the phytochemical content among the different cultivars, parts, and geographic locations. Furthermore, it revealed that bark of Malus domestica cultivars had high quercetin and rutin content with high antioxidant activity.
Modelling and measurement of the effects of fertilizer‐N and crop residue incorporation on N‐dynamics in vegetable cropping

An easy-to-use simulation model was developed with the aim of improving fertilizer practice when crop residues are incorporated instead of removed. It was tested against data from a well-monitored N fertilizer experiment in which three successive brassica crops were grown followed by barley. Experimental findings included: (a) that fertilizer-N greatly increased yield of 3 crops without increasing residual soil mineral-N at harvest unless supply exceeded crop demand; (b) that, by contrast, fertilizer-N increased both yield of and residual soil mineral-N left by the remaining crop throughout the range of applications; and (c) that at each harvest the apparent disappearance of fertilizer-N by immobilization and other processes was almost proportional to fertilizer-N. These phenomena were simulated by the model. Overall the model gave estimates of soil mineral-N, plant weight and % N in the crop for each crop that were either in close agreement with or linearly related to the measured values. Deviations from this pattern are shown to result almost entirely from experimental error. In addition the model gave simulations of the time course of soil mineral-N and soil water that were in good agreement with measurement. Simulations with the model indicate that appreciable benefits from residue incorporation of crops will only be obtained when fertilizer-N is also applied, unless plant masses at harvest are small.
Improving Health Professionals’ Involvement Whilst Sustaining Work–Life Balance: Evidence from an Empirical Analysis

Most sustainability studies applied to healthcare primarily focus on external viability. In particular, they look at the ability of healthcare institutions to establish an economic, environmental, social, and political consonance with their context. Conversely, limited attention has been paid to issues related to internal sustainability. The article discusses health professionals’ involvement as a human resource management practice which contributes to the viability of healthcare organizations. A sequential mediation analysis was designed to shed light on the effects of employees’ involvement on work–life balance, which is an essential ingredient of the recipe for internal sustainability. The study findings suggest that health professionals’ involvement may determine an intensification and an extensification of work efforts, which undermine their work–life balance. Nevertheless, the implications of employees’ involvement on work–life balance are positively and significantly mediated by supportive relationships at work and positive organizational climate. From this standpoint, health professionals’ involvement may act as an effective strategy to enhance the internal sustainability of health care organizations if matched with better relationships with supervisors and improved organizational climate. Whilst calling for further research to enlighten issues and challenges related to internal sustainability, the article stresses that health professionals’ involvement should be paired with an improvement of the organizational climate to contribute to an increased viability of health care institutions.
Derivation and Verification of the Breakage Rate Coefficient during Flocculation Process Based on Shear Strength

The dynamics of flocculation is always one of the most interesting and difficult points for water treatment. The applicability of existing breakage rate coefficients was restricted due to the limitations of their theoretical derivation. In order to solve this problem, a breakage rate coefficient of flocculation process was derived based on shear strength. It could be described by the equation "s(m)=E0Fr1.2m1/D". Then it was applied to a flocculation model which described the change of particle size distribution during flocculation. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility of the new breakage rate coefficient with the typical surface water in northwest China characterized by low temperature and low turbidity. Results indicated that both the change of particle size distribution with time and the effects of operation variables on the stable particle size distribution could be excellently simulated, agreeing well with the experimental results with the relative error ranged from 3% ~ 17%. It was demonstrated that the breakage rate coefficient based on shear strength could be used to describe the breakage rate of flocs during flocculation.
The Improved Comparative Reactivity Method (ICRM): measurements of OH reactivity at high-NOX conditions in ambient air

The comparative reactivity method (CRM) was developed more than a decade to measure OH reactivity (i.e., OH loss frequency) in both laboratory and field studies. However, accurate OH reactivity quantification remains challenging under real ambient conditions, especially for OH reactivity measurements in high-NOx (e.g., > 10 ppbv) environments, as ambient NO enhances the regeneration of OH radicals in the CRM reactor. To solve this problem, we design a new and improved CRM reactor (ICRM) and add NO into the system continuously so that the HO2 radical concentration is suppressed. We confirmed the appropriate level of NO by determining the maximum decrease in the pyrrole level caused by regenerated OH radicals from NO+HO2. RO2 radicals induced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ICRM reactor were also found to react with NO, which led to the regeneration of OH radicals and thus the underestimation of OH reactivity. This effect was quantified by the calibration of representative VOC species at different NO levels, and the correction coefficients obtained were used to correct the measured OH reactivity. All these efforts resulted in reducing the uncertainty of the NO-artifact correction by at least an order of magnitude compared to the original CRM system. Additionally, these technological improvements also considerably reduced the systematic errors from pyrrole photolysis in the original system. A new operation mode was proposed for the ICRM, which is able to avoid the interference resulting from OH radicals produced by photolysis of residual humidity and save time for ambient measurement. The ICRM system was employed in a field campaign to measure OH reactivity and performed well with ambient NO levels ranging from 0 to 50 ppbv, which are typically observed in the urban and suburban atmosphere.
Quantitative relation between thickness and grafting density of temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide) thin film using synchrotron‐source ATR‐FTIR and spectroscopic ellipsometry

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide) (PNIAM‐co‐AM) grafted onto tissue culture polystyrene surfaces (TCPSs) with different thicknesses and grafting densities were prepared by varying the spin‐coating speed and UV irradiation time for use in cell sheet engineering. The thickness of the PNIAM grafted surface, less than 30 nm, was believed to influence protein adhesion and cell attachment. However, methods for determining the thicknesses of a thin surface (nanometer scale) are still a challenge. In this study, a model was developed to relate the thickness of the PNIAM‐co‐AM film to its grafting density. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) with synchrotron radiation were used to quantify the thickness and the grafting density, respectively. The amount of the grafted copolymer was determined from quantitative ATR‐FTIR by relating the signals at wavenumber 1,654 to 1,600 cm−1 (A1,654/A1,600) to the known grafting density. A combination of SE and ATR‐FTIR was used to construct a linear model (h = 6.29σ + 2.24), to obtain the grafting density (σ) from the film thickness (h) with R2 = 0.93. To validate the model, random samples were prepared with different thicknesses and grafting densities. The linear model was used to predict the grafting density, which was nearly equal to the measured values.
Investigation and Modeling of Temperature Dependence Recovery Behavior of Shape‐Memory Crosslinked Polyethylene

Shape memory was induced in crosslinked low-density polyethylene by a heating-stretching-cooling cycle. The effect of crosslink content on thermal properties and temperature dependence recovery behavior was studied experimentally. The importance of stretching temperature and crosslink content on recovery behavior could be reasonably explained by the observed changes in the thermal properties which were attributed to the differences in crystalline structures and mechanism of crystal formation during the heating-stretching-cooling process. A mechanical model was developed to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the temperature dependence recovery behavior of the prepared shape memory crosslinked polyethylene at nonisothermal state under various conditions by driving constitutive equations using a set of model constants. These model constants were determined with the help of a set of optimization codes using a genetic algorithm method. By choosing a suitable set of model constants one can describe with high accuracy the temperature dependence recovery behavior of any shape memory polymer.
Cross‐borehole geoelectrical time‐lapse monitoring of in situ chemical oxidation and permeability estimation through induced polarization

Worldwide, soil contamination due to industrial activities is a major issue. One method for remediation of contaminated sites is in situ chemical oxidation, where an oxidizing agent is injected into the contaminated soil. Normally, monitoring wells are established in the remediation area for tracking the oxidizing agent. However, wells only provide point information of the injectant spread. This issue can be addressed using cross-borehole resistivity and induced polarization tomography, by mapping the electrical properties in the entire remediation volume and by deriving, through petrophysical relations, the hydraulic properties of themedium.Here we present a proof-ofconcept study, performed over one year as part of a larger remediation project, where resistivity and time-domain induced polarization data were acquired among 10 boreholes, before and after two rounds of injection of oxidizing agents. The time-lapse resistivity models, obtained through a focusing inversion scheme that favours compact time-lapse changes, clearly show the oxidizing agent spread as highly conductive anomalies and confirmed by water conductivity measurements in boreholes. The time-lapse inversions also show spatial variability in the injectant spread, with some areas not reached. The induced polarization data quality decreased significantly just after the injection rounds, because of the decrease in resistivity and induced polarization signal level, so that induced polarization time-lapse inversions were not feasible. However, the induced polarization data were used for background characterization and to estimate permeability. In particular, there is a good match between the imaged low-permeability zones and the areas in which the injectant did not spread, identified by the time-lapse resistivity inversions. Furthermore, geological samples confirm the presence of fine-grained sediments in the estimated low-permeability zones.While time-lapse resistivity tomography may be used for documenting the injectant spread, induced polarization permeability estimates prior to injection can be used to better tailor the remediation in terms of dimension and location of injection filters.
Attractive Coulomb interaction, temperature-dependent hybridization, and natural circular dichroism in 
1T−TiSe2

C. W. Chuang ,1 Y. Tanaka,2 M. Oura,2 K. Rossnagel ,3,4 and A. Chainani 1,2 1National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan 2RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan 3Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany 4Ruprecht-Haensel-Labor, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
Extraction of natural antioxidants from plant foods

Abstract: An overview of the most studied vegetal sources of compounds with antioxidant properties and their biological action is firstly presented. The conventional and alternative extraction processes are discussed, special emphasis is given to those using biorenewable, environmentally friendly solvents. Selected examples of integrated processes for extraction, concentration and purification of extracts are included.
Determination of g-tensors of low-symmetry Nd3+ centers in LiNbO3 by rectification of angular dependence of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra

Two procedures for facilitation of line tracing and deciphering of complicated spectra of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were developed: a correction of microwave frequencies for every orientation of external magnetic field on the base of known values of g-tensor components for a reference paramagnetic center and followed rectification of measured angular dependences using plots of effective deviation of g2-factors of observed lines from effective g2-factors of the reference center versus angles or squared cosines of angles describing magnetic field orientations. Their application to EPR spectra of nearly stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals doped with neodymium allowed identifying two axial and six different low-symmetry Nd3+ centers, to determine all components of their g-tensors, and to propose common divacancy models for a whole family of Nd3+ centers.
“Still Waters Run Deep”: Attitudes of Elementary School Teachers and Counselors Toward Shy Students

ABSTRACT Shyness is a form of social isolation and withdrawal stemming from concerns about social judgment, particularly during new situations or tests. Shy students are afraid of interacting with others, leading to problems and frustration at school. Teachers play an important role in identifying and helping these students. The research objective was to compare teachers’ and counselors’ strategies and beliefs in dealing with shy students with their strategies and beliefs in dealing with average and exuberant students. The research examined whether these attitudes are influenced by type of student, gender, role, and teachers’/counselors’ own shyness. Research participants included 60 teachers and 60 counselors from state secular elementary schools across Israel who were presented with vignettes describing different types of children (shy, average, exuberant). The results revealed almost no differences between teachers and counselors in their beliefs or strategies. Both groups had a great deal of confidence in the academic and intellectual abilities of average students and much less in those of shy or exuberant students. Both preferred peer-focused strategies and indirect strategies (seeking information in the literature or from colleagues) than high-powered strategies. The findings clarify the importance of including shyness and student temperament in the educational counseling training curriculum.
Quantum Effects in the Threshold Photoionization and Energetics of the Benzene−H2O and Benzene−D2O Complexes: Experiment and Simulation

The present study combines both experiment and molecular dynamics simulations in order to document the ionization behavior of the C6H6−H2O and C6H6−D2O complexes close to the ionization threshold, in particular its nonadiabatic character. Using the two-color two-photon resonant ionization laser technique, the ionization thresholds of these species have been measured together with the threshold for dissociative ionization. A binding energy has been deduced for the neutral species: D0(C6H6−H2O) = 106 ± 4 meV and D0(C6H6−D2O) = 116 ± 5 meV, which significantly increases the precision compared to literature. Using a semiempirical potential model, the minimum energy structures of the neutral and ionic species have been determined, and the potential energy surfaces have been analyzed using a two-dimensional approach. As a result, the formation of a stable C6H6+−H2O complex close to the threshold is found to be controlled by a pure quantum effect and is ascribed to the classically forbidden region of the neutra.
Premise Disputes and Political Ideology

Abstract A substantial body of scholarship highlights the role of core values as elements of liberalism–conservatism. However, researchers have yet to fully appreciate the contribution of premises, or abstract descriptive beliefs. This disjuncture has occurred despite the fact that for centuries, philosophers have used premises about human nature and society to ground their religious, political and economic theories. In the observational and experimental studies described in this article, the authors examine the extent to which such premise disputes stand independently from value conflicts as ideological ingredients. The findings suggest that premises are distinct and meaningful elements of political cognition, analogous in importance to several well-worn values.
Object traversing by monocular UAV in outdoor environment

In search and monitoring tasks, object traversing scenarios are more challenging than avoidance and tracking. In this paper, we propose an object perception and path planning algorithm which can detect hollow objects and calculate a traversing path in real‐time. Meanwhile, a general vision unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system framework is designed to implement the proposed algorithm. A series of fundamental but effective algorithms are utilized in combination to detect hollow objects, and then the triangulation is applied to calculate the 3D position of the object. In order to improve the detection accuracy, a path planning and motion control algorithm is designed to enhance the safety and stability during traversing. The actual experimental results show that the UAV system is robust and feasible.
Low Power Photo-Voltaic Harvesting Matrix Based Boost DC–DC Converter with Recycled and Synchro-Recycled Scheme

Photo-voltaic (PV) power harvest can have decent efficiency when dealing with high power. When operating with a DC–DC boost converter during the low-power harvest, its efficiency and output voltage are degraded due to excessive losses in the converter components. The objective of this paper is to present a systematic approach to designing an efficient low-power photo-voltaic harvesting topology with an improved efficiency and output voltage. The proposed topology uses a boost converter with and extra inductor in recycled and synchro-recycled techniques in continuous current mode (CCM). By exploiting the non-linearity of the PV cell, it reduces the power loss and using the current stored in the second inductor, it enhances the output voltage and output power simultaneously. Further, by utilizing the Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor’s (MOSFET) body diode as a switch, it maintains a minimum hardware, and introduces a negligible impact on the reliability. The test results of the proposed boost converters show that it achieves a decent power and output voltage. Theoretical and experimental results of the proposed topologies with a tested prototype are presented along with a strategy to maximize power and voltage conversion efficiencies and output voltage.
Analysis of the Decadal Kinematic Characteristics of the Daguangbao Landslide Using Multiplatform Time Series InSAR Observations After the Wenchuan Earthquake

The Daguangbao landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the “5.12” Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake. This landslide is among the few superlarge‐scale landslides of 1 billion m3 magnitude worldwide. As the landslide accumulation represents a potential hazard, long‐term monitoring and geological interpretation of the Daguangbao landslide is important to reveal the postsliding deformation characteristics and laws of this landslide type. To study the kinematic characteristics 10 years postearthquake, the landslide accumulation deformation was monitored in two stages using different data sets and processing methods. First, regarding the deformation 2 years postearthquake, we selected PALSAR‐1 data (21 October 2008 to 14 March 2011) and obtained the LOS (line of sight) direction time series deformation of the landslide using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. Second, for the last 4.5 years of deformation, Sentinel‐1 data sets (26 November 2015 to 8 June 2020) in two ascending and one descending path are experimentally used. The vertical and east‐west deformations during this period are obtained. Thickness, topography, precipitation, and other factors are combined to analyze the landslide accumulation deformation. The landslide accumulation volume decreases under gravitational influence, shrinkage is accelerated under precipitation influence, and periodic fluctuations occur, which lag precipitation changes. The maximum vertical direction deformation rate is below 80 mm/year, and the deformation magnitude in the east‐west direction is approximately ±35 mm/year. Local deformation is still affected by the surface slope and aspect, and the overall landslide accumulation movement trend involves gathering of the eastern and western parts toward the middle. In the observation window, with the stabilization of accumulation, the deformation tends decrease.