Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life of Infants with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Large Prospective Observational Study

Background : Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are very common during infancy, leading to frequent medical consultations. The aim of this large, prospective study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) and clinical management of infants with FGID. Methods : Completely or partially bottle-fed infants under 5 months old, presenting one or more FGID (regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea, crying/fussing), were enrolled during initial consultation by 111 pediatricians in private practice throughout France and reassessed at one month. Parents were asked to complete the QUALIN QoL questionnaire at inclusion and at Day 15. Results : A total of 815 infants (mean age 2.1Â±1.2 months) were evaluable. Mean QoL score improved from +27. 2Â±15.1 at inclusion to +38. 0Â±12.9 at day 15 (p<0.0001) irrespective of FGID symptoms. Multivariate analysis indicated that younger age, dietary advice, and partial breastfeeding were associated with better QoL outcome. Gastrointestinal symptoms showed significant regression at Day 30. The number of bottle feeds followed by external reflux episodes decreased from 80. 0Â±27.4% to 36. 1Â±31.4% at Day 30 (p<0.0001), the weekly number of stools increasing from 3. 9Â±4.0 to 8. 0Â±3.7 (p<0.0001). Conclusion : Medical management based on information, reassurance, lifestyle advice and dietary intervention improved QoL in infants with FGID and led to a reduction in FGID symptoms.
Self‐facilitation and negative species interactions could drive microscale vegetation mosaic in a floating fen

Aim: The formation of a local vegetation mosaic may be attributed to local variation in abiotic environmental conditions. Recent research, however, indicates that self-facilitating organisms and negative species interactions may be a driving factor. In this study, we explore whether heterogeneous geohydrological conditions or vegetation feedbacks and interactions could be responsible for a vegetation mosaic of rich and poor fen species. Location: Lake Aturtaun, Roundstone Bog, Ireland. Methods: In a floating fen, transects were set out to analyze the relation between vegetation type and rock–peat distance and porewater electrical conductivity. Furthermore, three distinct vegetation types were studied: rich fen, poor fen and patches of poor fen within rich fen vegetation. Biogeochemical measurements were conducted in a vertical profile to distinguish abiotic conditions of distinct vegetation types. Results: Geohydrological conditions may drive the distribution of poor and rich fen species at a larger scale in the floating fen, due to the supply of minerotrophic groundwater. Interestingly, both rich and poor fen vegetation occurred in a mosaic, when electrical conductivity values at 50 cm depth were between 300 µS/cm and 450 µS/cm. Although environmental conditions were homogeneous at 50 cm, they differed markedly between rich and poor fen vegetation at 10 cm depth. Specifically, our measurements indicate that poor fen vegetation lowered porewater alkalinity, bicarbonate concentrations and pH. No effects of rich fen vegetation at 10 cm depth on biogeochemistry was measured. However, rich fen litter had a higher mineralization rate than poor fen litter, which increases the influence of minerotrophic water in rich fen habitat. Conclusions: These results strengthen our hypothesis that species can drive formation of vegetation mosaics under environmentally homogeneous conditions in a floating fen. Positive intraspecific self-facilitating mechanisms and negative species interactions could be responsible for a stable coexistence of species, even leading to local ecosystem engineering by the species, explaining the local vegetation mosaic at the microscale level in a floating fen.
Asymmetric magnetic reconnection driven by ultraintense femtosecond lasers

Three-dimensional asymmetric magnetic reconnection (AMR) driven by ultraintense femtosecond (fs) lasers is investigated by relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The reconnection rate is found to be only one-third of that in the previous symmetric reconnection PIC simulations. Similar to the case of dayside reconnection at geomagnetopause, magnetic X- and velocity stagnation points are not colocated, with the X-point at the lower field side and the stagnation point at the higher field side. Moreover, the moving direction of the X-point as reconnection evolving with the laser irradiation is determined by δ B H / δ B L, and the moving of stagnation point is dominated by n e H B L / n e L B H, where δB and ne are the magnetic field disturbance and the electron density with the subscripts “H” for the higher field side and “L” for the lower field side, respectively. Then, the hosing instability triggered by AMR and the merging of two parallel currents resulting in the tilt of the electron beam generated by the weak laser are also investigated.Three-dimensional asymmetric magnetic reconnection (AMR) driven by ultraintense femtosecond (fs) lasers is investigated by relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The reconnection rate is found to be only one-third of that in the previous symmetric reconnection PIC simulations. Similar to the case of dayside reconnection at geomagnetopause, magnetic X- and velocity stagnation points are not colocated, with the X-point at the lower field side and the stagnation point at the higher field side. Moreover, the moving direction of the X-point as reconnection evolving with the laser irradiation is determined by δ B H / δ B L, and the moving of stagnation point is dominated by n e H B L / n e L B H, where δB and ne are the magnetic field disturbance and the electron density with the subscripts “H” for the higher field side and “L” for the lower field side, respectively. Then, the hosing instability triggered by AMR and the merging of two parallel currents resulting in the tilt of the electro.
Conceptualising a new approach to adolescent health literacy

Background: Health literacy research for adolescents and young people has been growing in importance. However, conceptualisation has been largely limited to concepts of adult health literacy in healthcare and disease prevention settings. The challenge for the future lies in developing a coherent concept that combines adolescent development, educational theory, whole school action and change, and critical health literacy. Such an approach needs to be both enabling and positive for students currently, and should also help facilitate health literacy outcomes in the future. Objective: This paper describes the process used to develop a conceptualisation of adolescent health literacy and to summarise what is known about health literacy in schools. Method: Guided by an international expert panel, we identified, reviewed, summarised and re-constructed key literature and resources to identify key components and principles necessary for adolescent health literacy in schools. Results: The proposed conceptualisation of adolescent health literacy initially had three areas of focus: adolescent development, whole school change and health literacy. The concepts of adolescent learning, health-literate organisation and critical health literacy emerged from the review as key components for health literacy in school settings. Pedagogy was found to be the crucial mechanism for health literacy development in the school setting and the resultant concept of adolescent health literacy. Conclusion: The focus on health-literate organisations, critical health literacy and pedagogy in the school setting distinguishes this conceptualisation from other health literacy work.
Children, parents and tablets: Preschool children's tablet use

Calismanin amaci, okul oncesi donem cocuklarinin tablet kullanim durumlarinin incelenerek, ebeveynlerin konu hakkindaki goruslerinin degerlendirilmesidir. Bu amacla arastirmada, nitel perspektifin bir urunu olan durum calismasi deseni kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu, bes okul oncesi donem cocugu ve bunlarin ebeveynleri olusturmustur. Calisma verileri; cocuklarin tablet kullanimina iliskin gozlemler, cocuklarin tabletlerinde bulunan uygulamalarin incelenmesi ve ebeveynler ile yapilan yari yapilandirilmis gorusmeler ile toplanmistir. Tabletlerin dokuman inceleme surecine iliskin analiz cercevesi olusturulmus, gozlem ve gorusmeler icerik analizine tabi tutulmustur. Calismadan elde edilen bulgular; ebeveynlerin tabletlere yuklenen oyun secimlerinde bir takim kriterlerinin oldugunu, cocuklarinin tablet kullanimina iliskin endise duyduklarini fakat bunlara iliskin onlemler aldiklarini gostermistir. Ayrica tablet kullaniminda; cocugu mesgul tutma, ebeveyn etkisi ve acik hava oyunlarindan yoksunluk faktorlerinin etkili oldugu belirlenmis ve ebeveynlerin tableti iyi bir egitim araci olarak gordukleri sonucuna ulasilmistir. Calisma bulgulari incelendiginde, okul oncesi donem cocuklari tarafindan tabletlerin cogunlukla oyun oynama amacli kullanildigi; ebeveynlerinde tabletler ile ilgili bilgilerinin oyun uygulamalari ile sinirli kaldigi gorulmustur. Sonuclar, ebeveynlerin genel olarak tabletteki oyun uygulamalarinin egitici yonunu goz onune aldigi seklinde yorumlanmis ve tabletlerde bulunan farkli uygulamalarin da gelisimi destekleme amacli kullanilabilecegi yonunde oneri sunulmustur.
Identifying Potential Secondary School Teachers among Science University Students: A Latent Profile Analysis

ABSTRACT The STEM teacher shortage in secondary education makes it important to investigate who is interested in becoming a STEM teacher, so that recruitment initiatives can be adjusted to these students’ characteristics. A latent profile analysis on data from 905 STEM university students identified two types of students with teaching aspirations. The first type (14%) consisted of undecided students who were interested in many careers, had high social interest, and wanted to work in a nice environment with much social contact. The second group (12%) was interested in research, science communication, and teaching. This group had high intellectual and social interest, and wanted to be intellectually challenged. Both groups had high teacher self-efficacy. Implications for teacher education recruitment are discussed.
PSF broadening due to fluorescence emission

Fluorescent structures are nowadays commonly used in the field of biological imaging. However the emission of fluorescence is always given within a finite spectrum. When the imaging system’s point spread function is measured, this can be described as an incoherent summation of individual single-wavelength PSF’s, weighted by the emission spectrum. As the full-width-half-maximum of the PSF scales inversely with the wavelength and most emission spectra exhibit a fluorescence tail at longer wave-lengths, this contributes significantly to lateral broadening. In our work we theoretically quantify this effect by deriving an analytic expression, which has been verified against some numerical simulations (rel. error on average 3 %). We report a FWHM-broadening on the order of 10 nm and additionally propose a way to overcome this broadening by splitting the emission spectrum into multiple wavelength segments. The corresponding image data is recombined in Fourier space by weighted averaging, leading to an improved signal-to-noise ratio at high spatial frequencies and a reduction of the FWHM of up to 8 nm (relative reduction of the broadening by ≈ 70 %). We also introduce a corrected wavelength, which in combination with already existing PSF calculation tools, describes a theoretical PSF which incorporates the aforementioned broadening effect.
Solute-second phase interaction for Mg, Ag and Zn in Al–Li alloys

ABSTRACT Early experiments have shown the promises of alloying with Mg + Ag (or Mg + Zn) on the performance of Al–Li alloys. To better understand the interaction between solutes and second phases in Al–Li alloys, Mg, Ag and Zn segregation to Al/δ′ interface as well as their substitution in δ′ bulk were investigated at the atomic level using first principles modelling and calculations. Energetics results and local charge analyses revealed that Mg, Ag and Zn can segregate to Al/δ′ interface by different preference, but have no significant influence on the interface adhesion. Ag and Zn can also dissolve into δ′ bulk, and enhance the local metallic bonding with nearest-neighboring Al atoms. Based on these results, a multi-fold benefit mechanism was suggested for the combined alloying with Mg + Ag (or Mg + Zn) in Al–Li alloys.
Derivative-free algorithms for nonlinear optimisation problems

Minimising a nonlinear function is a ubiquitous problem in applications, and standard algorithms need accurate evaluations of the function and its derivatives. However, if the function is black-box, expensive to evaluate, or noisy, it may be impractical or even impossible to obtain accurate derivatives, and we require derivative-free optimisation (DFO). Model-based DFO methods perform well in practice, taking many features from derivative-based methods, but can have lower performance for noisy problems and a high linear algebra cost. In this thesis, we aim to improve the flexibility, robustness and scalability of state-of-the-art methods for model-based DFO by designing, analysing, implementing and comprehensively testing three new algorithms for nonlinear optimisation, with a special focus on nonlinear least-squares problems (such as parameter fitting). The first, DFO-LS, is designed for nonlinear least-squares problems, and is simpler than existing methods, constructing linear residual models with a flexible approach. DFO-LS can benefit from a reduced initialisation cost, and has improved scalability and runtime over existing methods without a performance penalty. DFO-LS also has features for noisy problems, including a novel multiple restarts mechanism, which are low cost in evaluations and linear algebra, giving DFO-LS better performance compared to existing techniques for handling noise. We then introduce Py-BOBYQA, an extension of BOBYQA (Powell, 2009) with a similar multiple restarts mechanism to DFO-LS, amongst other new enhancements. It matches or outperforms BOBYQA and other state-of-the-art solvers on both smooth and noisy problems. We also propose a simple extension of Py-BOBYQA that may enable it to escape local minima and progress towards the global optima. Lastly, we introduce, for large-scale nonlinear least-squares problems, DFBGN, the first model-based DFO method to optimise in low-dimensional subspaces at each iteration. DFBGN has lower linear algebra costs, improved runtime, and hence improved performance on large-scale problems than DFO-LS, as it can perform many more iterations within a reasonable runtime limit. It can also make progress under very small evaluation budgets, with a low runtime cost.
Determinants of accounting information systems quality: Empirical evidence from Vietnam

Article history: Received September 2 2019 Received in revised format September 2 2019 Accepted October 15 2019 Available online October 17 2019 This research is conducted to investigate the factors affecting the accounting information systems quality. Data was collected by using questionnaire delivered to 347 participants who are board of director’s members and managers. The statistical methods approaches are employed to address the research issues including Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). The findings showed that various factors had significant impacts on the accounting information systems quality including (i) organization culture, (ii) manager participation, (iii) information technology, (iv) information technology knowledge of managers, (v) accounting knowledge of managers, (vi) accounting information applications, (vii) consultation of external experts and (viii) training activities for users in accounting information systems. Based on the research results, some key intuitive recommendations were proposed aiming to improve the accounting information systems quality of Vietnamese Enterprises. authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada by the 20 © 20
A scoping review characterising the activities and landscape around implementing NICE guidance

Clinical, public health and social care guidance provide evidence-based recommendations on how professionals and commissioners working within these fields should care for patients, service users and the wider public. Evidence-based clinical guidance aims to reduce variation in practice and improve levels of patient and service user care, while at the same time allowing clinical freedom for individual practitioners. The guidance produced by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) are not mandatory, although NICE does set out a business case in terms of the clinical and cost-effectiveness for implementation. Implementation in this sense signifies the active planned processes that take place to enable guidance-based best practice to become routinely embedded within day-to-day activity. There is growing recognition that getting evidence to influence and change practice is a complex undertaking. Despite a growth in the evidence base in this area, there remain gaps in understanding which types of implementation strategies are most effective for which types of guidance, for which audiences and in which circumstances. This review sought to investigate the strategies used to implement NICE guidance in routine practice, and particularly to examine the impact of implementation strategies operationalised by national level organisations and networks.
Work and HRM in the 4.0 era: insights and research directions

The practice and theory of Human Resource Management has made huge progress over the last century; now it has been recognized as a fundamental part of business and it has become the subject of a rich academic and practitioner literature (Kaufman, 2015). The role of the HRM department, previously known as personnel management, has also changed considerably from its origins. From a largely administrative function with very low impact, it has shifted to the present day, where it has the potential to be a source of competitive advantage (Pfeffer, 1997; Wright & Urlich, 2017,). However, the position and role of HR departments have been continuously debated in the HRM practice and literature (Roche & Teague, 2012). Given that human resources are seen as a critical source of sustainable advantage, one can assume that the HR department occupies the position of an important player in the organization. However, the respect and the attention paid to ‘human resources’ is not always translated into respect for the HR department. One the one hand, the HR department is requested to assume a strategic role procuring, allocating, managing, developing and retaining employees and supporting the organizational performance. On the other, HR managers have failed both in acquiring this status of business partners and promoting balance among the workers, firm and social needs, and interests in accordance with the changing realities of the economy and the workforce (Kochan, 2004).
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS VII SMP PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan keterampilan berpikir kritis antara siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model problem based learning (PBL) dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student team achievement division (STAD). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Singaraja tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 304 orang yang tersebar ke dalam 11 kelas. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling, yaitu siswa kelas VIIB 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberikan perlakuan model PBL dan siswa kelas VIIB 4 sebagai kelas kontrol yang diberikan perlakuan model kooperatif tipe STAD. Objek penelitian adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Data keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh dengan metode tes dan dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis ANAKOVA satu jalur dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model PBL lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Nilai rata-rata posttest siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berturut-turut sebesar 73,73 dan 68,93.
The evaluation of parallel plate antenna with variation of air gaps separation and copper plate area

Lightning detection system uses antenna as its sensor to capture the electric fields produced by lightning flashes. In this paper, four different designs of parallel capacitive Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) antenna are simulated in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) to observe and later verified the direction of electric field is vertical at the center point of the antenna given the various distances of air gap. Three antennas have the same dimension with A3 size with gaps of 30 mm (Antenna A), 50 mm (Antenna B), and 100 mm (Antenna C) accompanied by a smaller area of antenna with 100 mm gap (Antenna D). Existing antenna used during lightning measurements has 30 mm gap between its parallel plates as it follows the common practice during the collection of electric fields. With the variation of air gaps and area, return stroke waveforms are measured using all four antennas with the same digitizer (Picoscope 4000). In this study, the amplitude and shape of the waveforms captured by all four antennas were analyzed. Cross correlation method has been used for the shape analysis. It is found that the lagging is less than 4, which means the largest air gap at 10 mm (Antennas C and D) does not change the frequency component of the return stroke waveforms. Furthermore, the amplitudes of the return strokes for 10 mm air gap (Antennas C and D) are the highest when compared to other antennas (Antennas A and B).
The role of peer educators in addressing diversity in the workplace: A qualitative study in South African companies

Abstract Background: The study explored the involvement of peer educators in diversity issues in four workplaces which are part of the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme in Gauteng, South Africa (SWHAP). Objective: To explore and describe the role of peer educators in dealing with diversity issues in the workplace. Methods: The study used a qualitative research approach, with an exploratory and descriptive research design. Convenience sampling, as a type of non-probability sampling, was used to identify four companies which are part of the Swedish Workplace HIV/AIDS Programme in Gauteng, South Africa. Data was collected by means of focus group discussions. The data was analysed according to the themes which emerged. Results: The results of the study revealed that although peer educators are to a limited extent involved in diversity issues in the workplace, they needed training to equip them for this role. Conclusion: The study concluded that there are diversity issues to be managed in the workplaces involved, and the peer educators are prepared to be involved in managing these issues.