Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dialectical model of case based reasoning

This paper analyses legal reasoning with precedents in the setting of a formally defined dialogue game. The basic ideas are to represent cases as argument structures (including pro and con arguments, and the arguments for adjudicating their conflicts) and to define certain case-based reasoning moves as strategies for introducing information into a dispute. In particular analogising and distinguishing are conceived as elementary theory construction moves, which produce new information on the basis of an existing stock of cases. The approach also offers the possibility of using portions of precedents and of expressing criteria for determining the outcome of precedent-based disputes.
Intensity-Encoded Polymer Optical Fiber Accelerometer

In this paper, we report the development and experimental implementation of a low-cost, compact, intensity-encoded accelerometer based on polymer optical fibers (POF). The proposed accelerometer sensor element relies on the misalignment between two POFs, being the external acceleration encoded in the optical signal intensity. The accelerometer performance was optimized by simulation, resulting in a coupling efficiency and modulation index values of 0.38 and 1.78, respectively. The implemented device has a sensitivity of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm 33.5}\pm{\rm 0.1}~{\rm mV}/{\rm g}$</tex></formula> and a resonant frequency of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm 51.44}\pm{\rm 0.1}~{\rm Hz}$</tex></formula>, obtained for a signal to noise ratio of 20 dB. This value for the resonant frequency is suitable for applications in several fields, such as structural health monitoring of civil engineering structures.
Some observations on dynamic lung compliance during intermittent positive pressure respiration.

Lung compliance is the volume of air that can be introduced into the lungs by a unit change in transpulmonary pressure, and is the reciprocal of the elastic resistance. In this investigation, lung compliance was measured when the pattern of ventilation imposed upon totally paralyzed conscious patients was varied. There were five patients, each of whom had been tracheotomized; two of these were suffering from poliomyelitis, two from polyneuritis, and one from injury to the cervical spine.
Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration, from Polysaccharides to Hybrids

The aims of this paper are: (1) to review the current state of the art in the field of cartilage substitution and regeneration; (2) to examine the patented biomaterials being used in preclinical and clinical stages; (3) to explore the potential of polymeric hydrogels for these applications and the reasons that hinder their clinical success. The studies about hydrogels used as potential biomaterials selected for this review are divided into the two major trends in tissue engineering: (1) the use of cell-free biomaterials; and (2) the use of cell seeded biomaterials. Preparation techniques and resulting hydrogel properties are also reviewed. More recent proposals, based on the combination of different polymers and the hybridization process to improve the properties of these materials, are also reviewed. The combination of elements such as scaffolds (cellular solids), matrices (hydrogel-based), growth factors and mechanical stimuli is needed to optimize properties of the required materials in order to facilitate tissue formation, cartilage regeneration and final clinical application. Polymer combinations and hybrids are the most promising materials for this application. Hybrid scaffolds may maximize cell growth and local tissue integration by forming cartilage-like tissue with biomimetic features.
Delayed stress-induced differences in locomotor and depression-related behaviour in female neuropeptide-Y Y1 receptor knockout mice

Neuropeptide-Y acting through Y1 receptors reduces anxiety and stress sensitivity in rodents. In Y1 receptor knockout (Y1−/−) mice, however, anxiety-related behaviour is altered only in a context-dependent manner. Here, we investigated whether stress causes a delayed change in the emotional-affective behaviour of female Y1−/− mice. Locomotor and anxiety-related behaviour was assessed with the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and depression-like behaviour with the forced swim test (FST). These behavioural tests were also used as experimental stress paradigms. Locomotion and anxiety-like behaviour did not differ between naïve control and Y1−/− mice. One week after the FST, locomotion was reduced in control animals but unchanged in Y1−/− mice, whereas anxiety-like behaviour remained unaltered in both genotypes. Depression-like behaviour (immobility) was identical in naïve control and Y1− /− mice but, 1 week after the EPM test, was attenuated in Y1−/− mice relative to control animals. Our data show that naïve female Y1 −/− mice do not grossly differ from female control animals in their locomotor and depression-like behaviour. Exposure to the stress associated with behavioural testing, however, leads to delayed genotype-dependent differences in locomotion and depression-like behaviour. These findings attest to a role of Y1 receptor signalling in the control of stress coping and/or adaptation.
A 15-year population-based cohort study of the incidence of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies in an elderly French cohort

Objective To provide global and age-related incidence over 65 years of Parkinsonian syndromes (PS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and suspected dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods A 15-year prospective population-based elderly cohort study in South-Western France (PAQUID). Results Incidences found were: 557.7/100 000 person-years for PS, 263 per 100 000 person-years for PD and 112 per 100 000 person-years for suspected DLB. The incidence of all PS, PD and suspected DLB was greater in men. The age-specific incidence of PD decreased over 85, while that of DLB continuously increased, even in the oldest individuals. Conclusions The authors provide new data on PD and suspected DLB incidence in a large population-based French cohort of subjects aged over 65 and followed up for 15 years. PD incidence decreased in the oldest old contrary to that of suspected DLB cases and Alzheimer's disease.
A Ferromagnetic Interaction between Cu(2+) Centers through a [CrO(4)](2-) Bridge: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of [{Cu(acpa)}(2)(&mgr;-MO(4))] (M = Cr, Mo) (Hacpa = N-(1-Acetyl-2-propyridene)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine).

The reaction of [Cu(acpa)](+) with [MO(4)](2)(-) (Hacpa = N-(1-acetyl-2-propyridene)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and M = Cr and Mo) in water-methanol or water-acetonitrile solution affords dinuclear copper(II) complexes with metalate bridges, [{Cu(acpa)}(2)(&mgr;-CrO(4))]. 4CH(3)OH.4H(2)O (1) and [{Cu(acpa)}(2)(&mgr;-MoO(4))]. 4H(2)O (2), respectively. The crystal structures and the magnetic properties have been studied. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous and the structures are made up of discrete dimers in which two copper(II) ions are bridged by the [MO(4)](2)(-) anion. The coordination geometry about the copper(II) ions is square planar with a N(2)O chelate group from acpa and an oxygen atom from [MO(4)](2)(-). Magnetic susceptibility measurements for 1 revealed that a ferromagnetic interaction between copper(II) ions is propagated through the [CrO(4)](2)(-) bridge and the coupling constant (2J) was evaluated to be 14.6(1) cm(-)(1) (H = -2JS(1). S(2)). In 2, two copper(II) ions bridged by [MoO(4)](2)(-) anion are antiferromagnetically coupled with the 2J value of -5.1(4) cm(-)(1). The ferromagnetic interaction in 1 is explained by means of the orbital topology of frontier orbitals. Crystal data: 1, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/m, a = 8.349(2) Å, b = 17.616(3) Å, c = 10.473 Å, beta = 107.40(2) degrees, Z= 2; 2, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/m, a = 8.486(2) Å, b = 18.043(3) Å, c = 9.753(2) Å, beta = 95.82(2) degrees, Z = 2.
Interaction of an Eddy-Current Coil With a Right-Angled Conductive Wedge

A fundamental problem in eddy-current nondestructive evaluation is one of finding the quasi-static electromagnetic field of a cylindrical coil in the vicinity of the edge of a metal block. Although the field can be calculated numerically, an effective analytical approach can potentially provide a better understanding of the edge fields and form the basis of a procedure for solving a whole class of related edge problems including edge structures that contain corner cracks. One can represent the metal block as a conductive quarter space in an unbounded region. However, it has been found that the analysis is more straightforward if the problem domain is truncated in two dimensions. With the domain boundaries far from both the coil and the corner, the truncation has a negligible effect on the solution near the edge but the field calculation becomes much easier. A double Fourier series representation of the field is used, as in the case of a rectangular waveguide problem. The field in the conductor is then matched at the interfaces with that in air to determine the expansion coefficients that are used to represent the field in different parts of the domain. In this way we have derived expressions for the magnetic field, the induced eddy-current density and the coil impedance at arbitrary position and orientation of the coil.
Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Generic Doxorubicin HCl Liposome Injection with the Reference Listed Drug.

BACKGROUND Liposomal doxorubicin is widely used for treating ovarian cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma. Encapsulation of doxorubicin in highly complex polyethylene glycol-coated (stealth) liposomes prolongs residence time and avoids the systemic toxicity associated with administration of the free drug. Small variations in physicochemical properties introduced during manufacture of liposomes can influence the payload of encapsulated drug, stability of liposomes under physiological conditions, and release of drug at the target tissue. Accordingly, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have issued guidance for manufacturers of generic liposomal doxorubicin that is designed to ensure that more than 30 physicochemical parameters that influence its safety and efficacy should be similar in the generic and reference listed drugs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the physicochemical characterization procedures used to ensure consistency between batches of generic liposomal doxorubicin and with the reference listed drug. METHODS A range of spectroscopic, chromatographic, and other physicochemical tests was used to compare relative concentrations of liposome components, liposome morphology, ratios of free/entrapped doxorubicin, stability, and in vitro doxorubicin release rates in physiologically and clinically relevant media. RESULTS The tests established that generic and reference liposomes contained similar concentrations of drug, lipids, and excipients and that their physical forms were also similar. CONCLUSION The results of the tests demonstrate the physicochemical equivalence of generic liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride and the reference listed drug, Doxil®/Caelyx®. Biochemical and clinical equivalence must also be demonstrated to fully meet regulatory requirements for generic liposomal medicines, and these are the subjects of separate studies.
Quantitative analysis of the polyphenols of the aerial parts of rock samphire--Crithmum maritimum L.

Quantitative spectrometric analyses of the contents of flavonoids, tannins and total polyphenols in the aerial parts of rock samphire--Crithmum maritimum L. , collected from three separated geographic locations along the Adriatic coast of Croatia in different growth stages, are reported. The results point to variability of the analyte content as a function of the growing site and growth stage. The content of flavonoids was found to be 0.08-0.42%. The highest content of flavonoids was found in the samples collected before flowering. The content of tannins ranged from 0.10 to 2.65%, while the content of total polyphenols varied from 4.72 to 9.48%. The highest contents of tannins and total polyphenols were found in the samples collected before flowering and at the beginning of flowering.
Intelligent power supply restoration in power distribution networks with distubuted generation

Currently the penetration of various forms of distributed generations (DGs) has significantly increased. Such active distribution network with bidirectional power flows brings direct challenges to network control and operation, e.g. increased fault levels and protection degradation. In this paper, an intelligent sequential power supply restoration solution is presented which can be carried out by either reconfiguring network topology or utilization of the embedded DGs for load supply in an island mode, to restore loads as much and quickly as possible. The proposed restoration model mainly considered three kinds of indicators: load recover rate and the current allowance of influenced branches when opening or closing a switcher, and time cost of changing the status of switchers in the sequential restoration process. What's more, the priority of critical loads were satisfied as far as possible. The performance assessment of two test scenarios is carried out in the 53-bus distributed network and the numerical result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
A Three-Dimensional Accident Driver Model for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Mobility models play a vital role in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) simulations. Moreover, mobility models with higher extent of reality to fit into the characteristics of VANETs better make simulations more credible and accurate. However, most of traditional mobility models only devote to planar and ideal scenarios. It is rare for them to reflect more realistic environments, such as ubiquitous 3D scenarios where accidents occur frequently because of the complex vehicle motion and human factors. To address these issues, a Three-dimensional Accident Driver Model (T-ADM) is proposed for VANETs in this paper to reflect the real world more realistically. With characteristics based on the combination of plane and space in VANETs, T-ADM can produce 3D scenarios like viaducts in VANETs. Furthermore, T-ADM can mimic the non-standard driver behavior and generate accident scenarios. Finally, a comparison among T-ADM and other mobility models is generated by Matlab and VanetMobiSim. It demonstrates that T-ADM is able to not only reflect the corresponding realistic characteristics mentioned above but also give an objective description of vehicle density and velocity in VANETs.
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT EXPRESSION OF DUAL TEM CELL APPARATUS FOR SHIELDING MATERIAL EVALUATION

To clarify the correspondence between Shielding Effectiveness (SE) of shielding materials and their physical property, we propose an equivalent circuit for a shielding effectiveness test apparatus using a dual TEM cell, and show its validity. By considering the structure of dual TEM cell that consists of a pair of cells coupled via an aperture in their common wall, we defined the capacitance C and mutual inductance M , those respectively express the electric coupling and magnetic coupling between two center conductors. By the measurement of unloaded S-parameter, we determined the values of C and M for a dual TEM cell in hand. Next, the shielding material was approximated by the apparent sheet resistivity Rs, and was used in the equivalent circuit of loaded aperture. As a result, the coupling level calculated from the equivalent circuit agreed well with the measured data in frequencies below 300 MHz.
The Effect of Violence on Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Homicides in Rural Brazil

This paper uses microdata from Brazilian vital statistics natality and mortality data between 2000 and 2010 to estimate the impact of in-utero exposure to local violence -measured by homicide rates- on birth outcomes. Focusing on small communities, where it is more plausible that local homicide rates reflect actual exposure to violence, the analysis shows that exposure to violence during pregnancy leads to deterioration in birth outcomes: one extra homicide during the first trimester of pregnancy increases the probability of low birthweight by around 6 percent. Results are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a result of their households¿ lower socioeconomic status.
ACQUISITION OF HEIGHTENED RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SPONTANEOUS MOUSE MAMMARY CARCINOMAS IN THE ORIGINAL HOST.

Summary Experiments were designed to answer the following question: Can mice acquire heightened reactivity of an immunological nature to their own spontaneous mammary neoplasms? Twenty-five spontaneous mammary carcinomas, arising from transplanted C3H/f/Crgl nodule outgrowth, were removed and subsequently retransplanted into their original C3H/Crgl/2 hosts. At the same time, the tumors were transplanted into series of isologous, previously tumor-free control animals. Some of the original tumor hosts and some of the isologous controls were treated with agents capable of increasing immunological responsiveness and with killed tumor cell preparations. The growth of the transplanted tumors in the original hosts and in their respective isologous controls was compared. The tumors grew in all the isologous control animals. Tumor growth was either appreciably retarded or appreciably facilitated in a majority of the original tumor-bearing animals, relative to their isologous controls. Several of the original hosts entirely failed to support growth of the neoplastic transplants, and in more than half of the remaining experiments the original animal ranked either first or last in order of resistance to the transplants. The lymph nodes draining the sites of tumor implantation showed exaggerated lymphoid hyperplasia in original animals exhibiting either resistance or enhancement. Similar experiments with spontaneous mammary carcinomas appearing in old multiparous female mice also indicated the development of heightened tumor resistance in the autochthonous host. The results of the present study strengthen the biological generality of the tumor resistance phenomena described by others working with experimentally induced neoplasms and with certain virus-initiated tumors.
Pharmacokinetics of GLQ223 in rats, monkeys, and patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex

The pharmacokinetics of GLQ223 administered as a single short intravenous infusion to rats, monkeys, and patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) are presented. GLQ223 was given at a dose of 3,500 micrograms/kg of body weight to five Sprague-Dawley rats; a dose of 300 micrograms/kg was given to three cynomolgus monkeys; and doses of 1, 8, 16, 24, and 36 micrograms/kg were given to 10 patients with AIDS and 8 patients with ARC in an escalating dose design. Plasma clearance was 0.85 +/- 0.24 liter/h/kg in rats, 0.16 +/- 0.08 liter/h/kg in monkeys, and 0.13 +/- 0.07 liter/h/kg in patients with AIDS or ARC. The volume of distribution at steady state was 0.42 +/- 0.12, 0.21 +/- 0.20, and 0.18 +/- 0.50 liter/kg in rats, monkeys, and patients, respectively. The elimination half-life was 1.3 +/- 0.4, 3.7 +/- 1.5, and 3.2 +/- 1.0 h in rats, monkeys, and patients, respectively. The disposition of GLQ223 was not dose dependent within the dose range tested in patients with AIDS or ARC. Interspecies pharmacokinetic scaling resulted in a good linear correlation for plasma clearance and the volume of distribution at steady state plotted versus species body weight on a log-log scale, indicating the predictability of elimination and distribution of GLQ223 among species. Allometric equations derived may be useful for the prediction of doses and dosage regimens to be used in animal models.
ABC of mental health: Depression

Depression has a range of meaning—from a description of normal unhappiness, through persistent and pervasive ways of feeling and thinking, to psychosis. Textbook descriptions of depression seen in hospitals are often very different from presentations in primary care. In recent community surveys, 2% of the population suffered from pure depression (evenly distributed between mild, moderate, and severe), but another 8% suffered from a mixture of anxiety and depression. Even patients with symptoms not severe enough to qualify for a diagnosis of either anxiety or depression alone have impaired working and social lives and many unexplained physical symptoms, leading to greater use of medical services. Key practical questions relate to treatment. Is any required at all and, if so, what sort and for how long? Most depressions have triggering life events, especially in a first episode. Many patients present initially with physical symptoms (somatisation), and some may show multiple symptoms of depression in the apparent absence of low mood (“masked” depression). #### Features of depression ##### Core features ##### Other features Less severe depression has been awarded many labels, including neurotic depression, minor depression, and reactive depression (not depression as a reaction to circumstances but when reactivity to events in the surroundings is preserved). It is now termed dysthymia, a persistent low grade condition. This may be complicated by episodes of more severe depression, resulting in “double” depression in which resolution of the more severe syndrome is difficult to judge. #### Somatic syndrome Present if more than four of the following features are present
Strategic Software Engineering

Software is a strategic differentiater in many markets so it is not surprising that software engineering is of strategic importance in many companies. Given the current global economic climate that importance is magnified. Strategy is long term and broad in scope within an organization. As such its importance is often lost as it is segmented across lines of responsibility and areas of specialization. In this issue of Strategic Software Engineering I will consider some topics that have attracted attention in the last few months and explore some strategic directions for the future.
Modeling and Triple-Loop Control of ZVS Grid-Connected DC/AC Converters for Three-Phase Balanced Microinverter Application

This paper presents modeling and triple-loop control for a high-efficiency three-phase balanced inverter for using in grid-connected two-stage microinverter applications. An average signal model based on a synchronous rotation frame for a three-phase four-wire inverter has been developed. The inner current loop consists of a variable frequency bidirectional current mode (VFBCM) controller which regulates output filter inductor current thereby achieving ZVS, improved system response, and reduced grid current THD. Active damping of the LCL output filter using filter inductor current feedback is discussed along with small signal modeling of the proposed control method. Since the dc-link capacitor plays a critical role in two-stage microinverter applications, a dc-link controller is implemented outside of the two current control loops to keep the bus voltage constant. Finally, based on a two-stage 400-W prototype, simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed VFBCM control strategy.