Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of growth temperature on gelatinization properties of barley starch

The effects of growth conditions on the properties of barley starch were studied with the two‐rowed malting barley cultivars “Kustaa”; and “Kymppi”; field‐grown in Finland during a cold summer and a normal summer. In both cultivars, the growth conditions had an effect on the composition and gelatinization behaviour of both small and large granules. In the starches from the cold summer, the lipid content and gelatinization peak temperatures were lower, the gelatinized starch also being more easily hydrolysed by alpha‐amylase.
Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical mixing on the nutrient loading and productivity of the Canadian Beaufort Shelf

The concentrations and elemental stoichiometry of particulate and dissolved pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and silicon (Si) on the Canadian Beau-fort Shelf during summer 2009 (MALINA program) were assessed and compared with those of surface waters provided by the Mackenzie river as well as by winter mixing and up-welling of upper halocline waters at the shelf break. Neritic surface waters showed a clear enrichment in dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively), nitrate , total particulate nitrogen (TPN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) originating from the river. Silicate as well as bulk DON and DOC declined in a near-conservative manner away from the delta's outlet, whereas nitrate dropped non-conservatively to very low background concentrations inside the brackish zone. By contrast, the excess of soluble reac-tive P (SRP) present in oceanic waters declined in a non-conservative manner toward the river outlet, where concentrations were very low and consistent with P shortage in the Mackenzie River. These opposite gradients imply that the admixture of Pacific-derived, SRP-rich water is necessary to allow phytoplankton to use river-derived nitrate and to a lesser extent DON. A coarse budget based on concurrent estimates of primary production shows that river N deliveries support a modest fraction of primary production when considering the entire shelf, due to the ability of phytoplankton to thrive in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum beneath the thin, nitrate-depleted river plume. Away from shallow coastal bays, local elevations in the concentration of primary production and dissolved organic constituents were consistent with upwelling at the shelf break. By contrast with shallow winter mixing, nutrient deliveries by North American rivers and upwelling relax surface communities from N limitation and permit a more extant utilization of the excess SRP entering through the Bering Strait. In this context, increased nitrogen supply by rivers and upwelling potentially alters the vertical distribution of the excess P exported into the North Atlantic.
Emerging Applications of LiDAR / Airborne Laser Scanning in the Management of World Heritage Sites

Remotely sensed data and imagery have revolutionized the way we understand archaeological sites and landscapes. LiDAR / airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been used to capture the often subtle topographic remnants of previously undiscovered sites even in intensely studied landscapes, and is rapidly becoming a key technology in survey projects with large extents and/or difficult terrain. This paper examines the practical application of this technology to archaeological heritage management, with special attention given to how ALS can support the World Heritage List nomination process and management of WHS archaeological sites and landscapes. It presents a number of examples from published ALS studies alongside case studies from projects undertaken by the authors at Cultural Site Research and Management and the Cultural Site Research and Management Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The paper opens with a review of how ALS has been used at established World Heritage Sites, focusing on the Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend in the Boyne, Ireland, and the Angkor Archaeological Site in Cambodia. ALS applications for site prospection and demarcation, and viewshed analysis is explored in this section. Following this, we explore how ALS has been used to support two recent applications: the successfully nominated Monumental Earthworks at Poverty Point, USA and the recently nominated Orheiul Vechi Archaeological Landscape in Moldova. We propose that the detail offered by ALS data greatly strengthens nomination dossiers by emphasizing the outstanding universal value of sites, highlighting significant features and providing greater context to wider landscapes, and is particularly efficacious in delineating site boundaries for legal protection and long-term management. Finally, we conclude with a look at some of the practical considerations involved in the use of ALS, including access and training.
A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample. IV. Molecular gas contents and conditions of star formation in three nearby Seyfert galaxies

We present a pilot study of ~3'' resolution observations of low CO transitions with the Submillimeter Array in three nearby Seyfert galaxies, which are part of the low-luminosity quasi-stellar object (LLQSOs) sample consisting of 99 nearby (z = 0.06) type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) taken from the Hamburg/ESO quasi-stellar object (QSO) survey. Two sources were observed in 12CO(2-1) and 13CO(2-1) and the third in 12CO(3-2) and HCO+(4-3). None of the sources is detected in continuum emission. More than 80% of the 12CO detected molecular gas is concentrated within a diameter (FWHM) 1.5 × 109M⊙ and for the dust masses of Mdust> 1.6 × 106M⊙. The R21 = 12CO/13CO(2-1) line luminosity ratios show Galactic values of R21 ~ 5-7 in the outskirts and R21 ≳ 20 in the central region, similar to starbursts and (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs; i.e. LIRGs and ULIRGs), implying higher temperatures and stronger turbulence. All three sources show indications of 12CO(2-1)/12CO(1-0) ratios of ~0.5, suggesting a cold or diffuse gas phase. Strikingly, the 12CO(3-2)/(1-0) ratio of ~1 also indicates a higher excited phase. Since these galaxies have high infrared luminosities of LIR ≥ 1011L⊙ and seem to contain a circumnuclear starburst with minimum surface densities of gas and star formation rate (SFR) around Σmol = 50-550 M⊙pc-2 and ΣSFR = 1.1-3.1 M⊙ kpc-2 yr-1, we conclude that the interstellar medium in the centers of these LIRG Seyferts is strongly affected by violent star formation and better described by the ULIRG mass conversion factor.
Local Discontinuous Galerkin Methods Coupled with Implicit Integration Factor Methods for Solving Reaction-Cross-Diffusion Systems

We present a new numerical method for solving nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems with cross-diffusion which are often taken as mathematical models for many applications in the biological, physical, and chemical sciences. The two-dimensional system is discretized by the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method on unstructured triangular meshes associated with the piecewise linear finite element spaces, which can derive not only numerical solutions but also approximations for fluxes at the same time comparing with most of study work up to now which has derived numerical solutions only. Considering the stability requirement for the explicit scheme with strict time step restriction (), the implicit integration factor (IIF) method is employed for the temporal discretization so that the time step can be relaxed as . Moreover, the method allows us to compute element by element and avoids solving a global system of nonlinear algebraic equations as the standard implicit schemes do, which can reduce the computational cost greatly. Numerical simulations about the system with exact solution and the Brusselator model, which is a theoretical model for a type of autocatalytic chemical reaction, are conducted to confirm the expected accuracy, efficiency, and advantages of the proposed schemes.
lap joints with spew fillet

The combined effect of full (spew) fillet formed bi-adhesive and parallel slot in adherend on the stress distribution along the length of adhesive bonded single lap joint (SLJ) was investigated using the finite element (FE) method under pure tension (i.e. twenty parallel slots of dissimilar length and depth and two types of bi-adhesive bonds). The FE model of the joints that had fillet, parallel slot and bi-adhesive bondline was developed. In this study, it is assumed that both adhesive and adherend have geometrical nonlinearity and exhibit linear material behavior. The bondline behavior of bi-adhesively bonded joints has been studied by examining the distributions of the peel and maximum principal stresses at the mid-plane of the bondline. The novelty of this study is to investigate the bondline behavior of fillet formed SLJ with the integration of parallel slot mechanism. The results of the numerical computation show that the combined use of the parallel slot and spew fillet on bi-adhesively bonded lap joint decreased the peak value of the peel and maximum principal stresses markedly. The improvement of the strength properties of the joints has been acquired from the studies in which varying geometric parameters are used. This model may be beneficial to enhance the strength of aluminum SLJ.
Multisensor Fusion of Landsat Images for High-Resolution Thermal Infrared Images Using Sparse Representations

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter in the analysis of climate and human-environment interactions. Landsat Earth observation satellite data including a thermal band have been used for environmental research and applications; however, the spatial resolution of this thermal band is relatively low. This study investigates an efficient method of fusing Landsat panchromatic and thermal infrared images using a sparse representation (SR) technique. The application of SR is used for the estimation of missing details of the available thermal infrared (TIR) image to enhance its spatial features. First, we propose a method of building a proper dictionary considering the spatial resolution of the original thermal image. Second, a sparse representation relation between low- and high-resolution images is constructed in terms of the Landsat spectral response. We then compare the fused images created with different sampling factors and patch sizes. The results of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation show that the proposed method improves spatial resolution and preserves the thermal properties of basic LST data for use with environmental problems.
An overview of PCR techniques for shrimp disease diagnosis in Asia, with emphasis on Thailand

Asia leads the world in cultivated shrimp production with export earnings in the order of billions of US dollars per year. In spite of this success, annual production decreased in the late nineties because of widespread epizootics caused by new viral pathogens. Although, these viruses were no cause for alarm to human health authorities, they were economically crippling for Asian shrimp farmers. In Thailand, shrimp production trends have mirrored those in the rest of Asia, except that recovery from the viral epizootics has been somewhat better than it has for most of its close neighbors. Our work in Thailand has focused on the characterization of the causative viruses and on the development of rapid diagnostic probes for them. Similar work has been done elsewhere. The aim of the work has been to develop effective control measures to help shrimp farmers. We are engaged in similar work on bacteria and parasites. The major viruses of concern (in our estimated order of economic impact for Thailand) are white-spot syndrome virus (WSSV), yellow-head virus (YHV), hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), monodon baculovirus (MBV) and infectious hypodermal and haematopoeitic virus (IHHNV). We have also prepared probes for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and for a microsporidian parasite, Agmasoma penaei. These highly specific and sensitive tools for detection are already helping shrimp farmers and we hope that new technological advances will make them practicable in the field. At the moment, however, the most rapid test is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, which takes approximately 3 hours to complete. This review covers important Asian shrimp diseases for which PCR tests are currently available.
Interactive comment on “Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic algal-bacterial relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes” by P. Carrillo et al

Reviewer 2.L. 13-14 This sentence is not easy to follow, because the type of relationship between algae and bacteria is not defined. I suggest the authors explain more explicitly their understanding of strong or weak relationships between bacteria and algal exudates. In a general manner, I prefer the term “phytoplankton” to “algae”, because this latter could also make reference to macroalgae. Author’s response: Coupling between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton has been defined as the capacity of the carbon (C) released by phytoplankton to support the bacterial carbon requirement. This commensalistic phytoplankton-bacteria relationship is defined as strong when rates of excretion of organic carbon (EOC) exceeded the bacterial carbon demand (BCD), i.e. %BCD:EOC ratio <100, and weak when %BCD:EOC ratio >100 (Morán et al., 2002). Action taken: “Commensalistic” has been added to the mention of phytoplanktonbacteria relationship. The term algae has been changed to phytoplankton throughout the Ms., as suggested. In the abstract, we have included more details about the meaning of strength of the commensalistic phytoplankton-bacteria relationship: The paragraph now reads: “Under UVR and high mean irradiance, the commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship was strengthened in the high-UVR lake where excreted organic carbon (EOC) rates exceeded the bacterial carbon demand (BCD)(i.e., %BCD:EOC ratio <100). This did not occur in the low-UVR lake (i.e., %BCD:EOC ratio >100). ” Introduction. The Introduction focuses on the direct effects of UV radiation on phy-
Watershed Management in Highlands of Ethiopia: A Review

Watershed is not only a hydrological unit for hydrologist but also a socio-political-ecological entity for rural community. Ethiopian highlands hailing as the cradle of humanity and home to about 80% of the population helped shelter from foreign conquest and making a strong base of rural community. The area is threatened with erosion and loss of agricultural productivity. The soil and water conservation program initiated in 1970 achieved only limited success due to its failure in addressing to the problems of local people. The prominent reasons assigned were lack of community participation, ignoring indigenous knowledge, adopting top down approach and poor institutional collaboration. The present government taking lessons from the past, started community based integrated watershed management program removing all the shortcomings through the instrument of new policies for improved livelihood and living conditions of rural communities.
The nature of ultraviolet spectra of AG Pegasi and other symbiotic stars: locations, origins, and excitation mechanisms of emission lines

A detailed study of ultraviolet spectra of the symbiotic star AG Peg has been undertaken to derive the atomic excitation mechanisms and origin of formation for the lines common in symbiotic systems. More than 600 emission lines are observed in spectra from IUE, HST and FUSE of which 585 are identified. Population mechanisms and origin of formation are given for a majority of those lines. Based on the understanding of the AG Peg spectra IUE data of 19 additional symbiotic stars are investigated and differences and similarities of their spectra are discussed. Fe II fluorescence lines pumped by strong emission lines between 1000 and 2000 angstrom are observed in 13 of these systems. Some of the symbiotic systems belonging to the subclass symbiotic novae have more than 100 Fe II fluorescence lines in the ultraviolet wavelength region. Forbidden lines are detected for 13 of the stars, mostly from highly-ionized spectra such as Ar V, Ne V and Mg V. Further, [Mg VI] and [Mg VII] lines are observed in a symbiotic star (AG Dra) for the first time. Five of the symbiotic stars have broad white-dwarf wind profiles (FWHM > 400 km s(-1)) for a few lines in their spectra. The stars with no such broad lines can be divided into two similarly sized groups, one where all lines have FWHM less than 70 km s(-1) and the other where one, a few or all of the broad (FWHM > 400 km s(-1)) lines of AG Peg have an enhanced broad wing (110-140 km s(-1)). (Less)
Public Education's Contribution to Economic Growth in Iran: an Application of ARDLmodel

This paper used the data from the period 1966-2014 to study empiricallythe role of public formal education on Iran's economic growth in the short and long terms using auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL). Theeconometric findings indicate the significant, positive impact of Public education on economic growth in Iran in short-term and long-term, and it also reveals that long-term impact is greater thanthat of short-term.The impact of human capital on economic growth is less than the effect of physical capital
Vector-Based let-7a miRNAs Function as Suppressors of Multiple Oncogenes in SK-N-MC and SHEP Neuroblastoma Cells

Objective: This study was designed to determine the anti-tumor effect of vector-based let-7a miRNA in neuroblastoma cell lines. Methods: A tetracycline (tet)-inducible let-7a expression vector was constructed and used to stably transfect SKN- MC and SHEP neuroblastoma cells. The effects of let-7a overexpression induced by tetracycline on cell proliferation and adhesion were analyzed in vitro by MTT assays and adhesion assays. The mRNA expression of the let-7 target oncogenes NRAS, KRAS, c-myc, and HMGA2 was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of N-RAS, K-RAS, c-Myc, HMGA2, NeuN, and β3- tubulin was analyzed using western blot and immunocytochemistry. Morphology of SK-N-MC and SHEP cells was also observed. Additionally, the let-7a-inducible vector-transfected SHEP cells were subcutaneously injected in nude mice, and tumor growth in vivo was also evaluated. Results: Let-7a expression was significantly induced in neuroblastoma cells and inhibited cell proliferation and adhesion in both SK-N-MC and SHEP cells. Let-7a up-regulated β3-tubulin and NeuN expression in SK-N-MC and SHEP cells. However, short neurite-like outgrowth was observed only in SK-N-MC cells, but not in SHEP cells. Let-7a overexpression decreased the expression of N-RAS and HMGA2 proteins in both SK-N-MC and SHEP cells. c-Myc expression also decreased in SK-N-MC cells. The tumor sizes of SHEP xenografts in the tet-inducible group were smaller than those in the mice without tetracycline induction. Conclusion: Taken together, our data demonstrate the anti-tumor effects of vector-based let-7a miRNA overexpression in SK-N-MC and SHEP neuroblastoma cells against multioncogenes. Let-7a miRNA is a potential therapeutic molecule for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
Water Quality of Havsa Stream Basin Creeks (Thrace Region, Turkey)

Havsa Stream is located on north – west part of Marmara Region and it is one of the most important branches of Ergene River. As many aquatic habitat Havsa Stream is also under effect of an intensive agricultural pressure. In this study, water quality of Süloğlu, Hasköy, Aşağıova, Havsa, Kuleli and Anadere Creeks that are the significant components of Havsa Steam Basin were investigated. Water samples were collected in spring season of 2016 and total of 13 water quality parameters (pH, conductivity, TDS, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate, biological oxygen demand, total carbon, total inorganic carbon and total organic carbon) were investigated. Also Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the creeks in terms of pollution levels. According to detected data, pollution levels of the investigated creeks in parallel to the flow directions as follows; Süloğlu > Hasköy > Aşağıova > Havsa > Kuleli > Anadere in general. According to the results of CA, 3 statistically significant clusters were formed, which were corresponded to Süloğlu and Hasköy (Cluster 1) that were located on the upstream; Kuleli, Havsa and Aşağıova (Cluster 2) that were located on the middlestream; Anadere (Cluster 3) that was located on the downstream.
The Power of ROFO Principle Together with Companywide Training in Executing Lean Production Strategy

This paper reports the findings of the case study conducted at Schaffner Thailand (ST) factory regarding the application of the ROFO principle coupled with companywide training on the execution of Lean Production (LP) strategy. The case study was motivated by 3 main objectives: 1) to examine the effectiveness of the ROFO principle and companywide training on the execution of LP strategy, 2)to study whether there were significant improvements in productivities between periods I and II, and 3) to assess whether ROFO principle had influenced significantly in changing the mindset of the staff. Companywide training was carried out on 3 modules: the ROFO principle, 5S and Lean Production (LP) concepts. The training of the 3 modules was implemented in period II (2008 to 2012) but not in period I (2003 to 2007). The methods used were survey, interview, and observations. The findings fully support the 3 objectives. The results were encouraging as productivities were not only improved in period II but also the willingness mindset of the staff. This is the power of the ROFO principle as each cycle of the ROFO principle resulted in a chain of corrective actions and learning.
Impact of 2-bromopropane on mouse embryonic stem cells and related regulatory mechanisms

2-Bromopropane (2-BP), a cleaning agent, is used as an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents. Previously, 2-BP was shown to have cytotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts and is associated with defects in their subsequent development, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it was found that 2-BP also has cytotoxic effects on oocyte maturation and subsequent pre- and post implantation development in vitro and in vivo, and significantly reduces the rate of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryonic development in vitro. This study shows that 2-BP (5 to 10 μM) induces apoptotic processes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC-B5), but exerts no effects at treatment dosages below 5 μM. In ESC-B5 cells, 2-BP directly increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly increased the cytoplasmic free calcium and nitric oxide (NO) levels, triggered a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activated caspases-9 and -3, and induced cell death. Pre-treatment with NO scavengers suppressed the apoptotic biochemical changes induced by 10 μM 2-BP and promoted the gene expression levels of p53 and p21, which are involved in apoptotic signaling. These results demonstrate for the first time that 2-BP triggers apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells via ROS, NO and the activation of mitochondria-dependent cell death signaling.