Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Groningen Effects of Externalities on Patterns of Exchange Dijkstra

Many real−life examples of exchanges with externalities exist. Externalities of exchange are defined as direct consequences of exchanges for the payoff of actors who are not involved in the exchange. This paper focuses on how externalities influence the partner choice in exchange networks. In an experiment two externality conditions are created such that different exchange patterns are predicted in the simplest exchange network with two structurally different complete exchange patterns, the 4−Line. Predictions concerning exchange patterns and ratios are derived from a generalization of the core from game theory. Hypotheses are derived by comparing the predictions for the experimental conditions and by comparison to data from previous experiments on the 4−Line, without externalities. Hypotheses concerning the changes in exchange patterns were corroborated.
Vibration energy harvesting with aluminum nitride-based piezoelectric devices

This paper describes the measurement results of piezoelectric energy harvesters with aluminum nitride (AlN) as a piezoelectric material. AlN was chosen for its material properties and for its well-known sputter deposition process. For AlN devices a high optimum load resistance is required, which is favorable due to the high resulting voltage level. The output power harvested from mechanical vibrations has been measured on micromachined harvesters with different geometries. The resonance frequencies ranged from 200 up to 1200 Hz. The packaged devices had limited output powers and quality factors due to air damping caused by the package. A maximum output power of 60 µW has been measured on an unpackaged device at an acceleration of 2.0 g and at a resonance frequency of 572 Hz. The package of the harvester requires special attention, since air damping can significantly decrease the maximum power output.
Robust optical emission polarization in MoS2 monolayers through selective valley excitation

We report polarization resolved photoluminescence from monolayer MoS2, a two-dimensional, noncentrosymmetric crystal with direct energy gaps at two different valleys in momentum space. The inherent chiral optical selectivity allows exciting one of these valleys, and close to 90% polarized emission at 4 K is observed with 40% polarization remaining at 300 K. The high polarization degree of the emission remains unchanged in transverse magnetic fields up to 9 T indicating robust, selective valley excitation.
The Effect of Demineralized Dentin Matrix Graft alone and Combined with Statin and Propolis on Bone Repair. (A Histological Study)

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of demineralized human dentin matrix graft alone and when combined with statin and propolis on bone repair in bone defects in the tibia of rabbits histologically. Materials and Methods Fifteen adult male rabbits (weight 2 to 2.5 kg) were used in this study. In each rabbit four holes were created (two in each tibia), one was left empty as control, the second was packed with DDM slices, the third was packed with DDM slices saturated with statin and the last one was packed with DDM mixed with propolis. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively and the bone specimens were processed for histological analysis. Results: There was a significant increase in the newly formed bone tissue in DHDM and DHDM/statin groups and the DHDM/statin group presented excellent organization of the formed bone. Conclusion: The DHDM was biocompatible with the bone repair and stimulated bone tissue formation. Addition of statin markedly accelerated the bone repair while propolis caused delay in the early stages of repair.
Maximum Heart Rate during exercise: Reliability of the 220-age and Tanaka formulas in healthy young people at a moderate altitude

Background. The formulas to predict maximum heart rate have been used for many years in different populations. Objective. To verify the significance and the association of formulas of Tanaka and 220-age when compared to real maximum heart rate. Materials and methods. 30 subjects –22 men, 8 women– between 18 and 30 years of age were evaluated on a cycle ergometer and their real MHR values were statistically compared with the values of formulas currently used to predict MHR. Results. The results demonstrate that both Tanaka p=0.0026 and 220-age p=0.000003 do not predict real MHR, nor does a linear association exist between them. Conclusions. Due to the overestimation with respect to real MHR value that these formulas make, we suggest a correction of 6 bpm to the final result. This value represents the median of the difference between the Tanaka value and the real MHR. Both Tanaka (r=0.272) and 220-age (r=0.276) are not adequate predictors of MHR during exercise at the elevation of Bogota in subjects of 18 to 30 years of age, although more study with a larger sample size is suggested.
Relationship analysis of PM2.5 and boundary layer height using an aerosol and turbulence detection lidar

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH) is a key parameter in weather forecasting and air quality prediction. To investigate the relationship between BLH and air pollution under different conditions, a compact micro-pulse lidar integrating both direct-detection lidar (DDL) and coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) has been built. This hybrid lidar is operated at 1.5 µm, which is eye-safe and made of all-fibre components. The BLH can be determined from aerosol density and vertical wind independently. During a 45 h continuous observation in June 2018, the stable boundary layer, residual layer and convective boundary layer are identified. The fine structure of the aerosol layers, drizzles and vertical wind near the cloud base are also detected. In comparison, the standard deviation between BLH values derived from DDL and CDWL is 0.06 km, indicating the accuracy of this work. The retrieved convective BLH is a little higher than that from ERA5 reanalysis due to different retrieval methods. Correlation between different BLH and PM2.5 is strongly negative before a precipitation event and becomes much weaker after the precipitation. Different relationships between PM2.5 and BLH may result from different BLH retrieval methods, pollutant sources and meteorological conditions.
Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance in the Jordanian Manufacturing Companies

This study examines empirically the effects of ownership structure and other explanatory factors on the firm performance for a five year panel of 56 Jordanian manufacturing companies. The results suggest that profitability decreases with high concentration ownership and increases with high portion of equity owned by institutional investors. However, there is no significant relationship between profitability and foreign ownership and management ownership dimensions. The study results document that using different ownership structure dimensions and different profitability measures may justify the different results between ROA and Tobin's Q in this study and in prior studies. Another byproduct objective in this study is to explore the patterns of ownership structure in Jordanian manufacturing companies. The findings show that these companies tend to be concentrated rather than diffused, foreign ownership dimension is nearly constant at moderate level 14% average, institutional ownership dimension is around 28% over the five years (2002 to 2006), and the number of companies in which a general manager is a member on the board of directors is more than 50%.
Determinacy and Indeterminacy in Monetary Policy Rules with Money

Does Friedman’s k-percent rule guarantee a unique equilibrium outcome? We show analytically the answer to this question is sensitive to the method of aggregation. Focusing on broad measures of money, we show that fixing the growth rate of the true monetary aggregate will generate a unique rational expectations equilibrium. Since the true monetary aggregate is parametric, we show this determinacy result extends to the non-parametric Divisia monetary aggregate growth rule. Interestingly, Friedman’s proposal to fix the growth rate of the broad simple-sum monetary aggregate is shown to result in indeterminacy stemming from this aggregate’s inaccuracy in tracking the true monetary aggregate. Determinacy regions of interest rate rules reacting to the growth rate of monetary aggregates are also discussed and a novel Taylor principle is shown to hold for such rules when the monetary aggregate is accurately measured. All of these results are presented in the framework of the canonical New-Keynesian model.
Faecal corticosterone responses of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) to a transfer between housing facilities within a zoo

Faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) of four black rhinos ( Diceros bicornis ) at Magdeburg Zoo in Germany were investigated to assess the stress level associated with an internal transfer of rhinos between housing facilities. Moving rhinos within the zoo led to a punctual increase of FCM concentrations in three animals. We observed no signs of a period of acclimatisation, such as increased FCM levels for several days or longer periods. Increased FCM levels of one out of three rhinos re-investigated one year after the enclosure change, may be related to the reproductive status of this female (five to six months before parturition). The moderate FCM response patterns found in this study indicate that the transfer of rhinos between enclosures at Magdeburg Zoo was minimally invasive.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ZrO2 ADDED-MgAl2O4 CERAMICS FOR MATRIX OF INERT MATRIX NUCLEAR FUEL (IMF)

CHARACTERISTICS OF ZrO2 ADDED-MgAl2O4 CERAMICS FOR MATRIX OF INERTMATRIX NUCLEAR FUEL (IMF). Some ZrO2 added-MgAl2O4 ceramics for inert matrix of inertmatrix nuclear fuel (IMF) had been fabricated from powders prepared using precipitationmethod. Effect of ZrO2 addition on crystal structure, microstructure and mechanical properties ofthe ZrO2 added-MgAl2O4 ceramics was studied. The ceramics were prepared by mixing ZrO2,MgO and Al2O3 followed by pressing and sintering. The concentrations of ZrO2 additive were 0,5, 10 and 15 mole %. The mixed powder was pressed into green pellets with pressure of4 ton/cm2. The green pellets were sintered at 1600 oC for 2 hours in air. The sintered pelletswere evaluated visually. For microstructure examination, the fractured samples were examinedusing a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Crystal structure of the samples was analyzedusing x-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness and fracture toughness of the sintered pellets weredetermined using microindentation method with aid of a Vickers microhardness tester fromZwick. It was known that the sintered pellets were visually good. The XRD data showed that theceramics crystallized in spinel cubic with second phase of ZrO2. The hardness and fracturetoughness of the ceramics increased with the increase of ZrO2 concentration.
Time evolution of projected entangled pair states in the single-layer picture

We propose an efficient algorithm for simulating quantum many-body systems in two spatial dimensions using projected entangled pair states. This is done by approximating the environment, arising in the context of updating tensors in the process of time evolution, using a single-layered tensor network structure. This significantly reduces the computational costs and allows simulations in a larger submanifold of the Hilbert space as bounded by the bond dimension of the tensor network. We present numerical evidence for stability of the method on an antiferromagnetic isotropic Heisenberg model where good agreement is found with the available accurate results.
Artificial Neural Network Based on Doped HfO2 Ferroelectric Capacitors With Multilevel Characteristics

We propose an electronic synapse based on an Al: HfO2 metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) capacitor with multi-level characteristics. The device demonstrates excellent multilevel behavior, linearity, weight update symmetry, and low static power consumption. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) based on this capacitor is built and evaluated through SPICE and MATLAB simulations. The performance indicates that more than 78% accuracy and nJ/ms dynamic speed–energy efficiency in recognizing the standard MNIST handwritten digits are achieved, showing the capability of high-density integration and low energy consumption of the capacitive ANNs.
Broadening of Light Coupling to Waveguide Modes in Solar Cells by Disordered Grating Textures

We investigated the light coupling to waveguide modes in nanophotonic thin-film solar cells exhibiting a tailored disordered grating texture by rigorous optical simulations. Such disordered nanophotonic light trapping concepts have demonstrated enhanced short-circuit current density compared to ordered nanophotonic thin-film solar cells. This observation is commonly explained by a spectral broadening of the resonant light coupling to waveguide modes. In this work, we investigated the origin of this spectral broadening. We identified two basic mechanisms that lead to a spectral broadening of the light coupling to waveguide modes: (1) the broadening of the wave vector transferred by the disordered interface texture and (2) the broadening of the waveguide mode due to the distortion of the wave guiding absorber layer. Depending on the type of disorder, the contribution from each of the mechanisms varies.
The tangible and intangible Processes of Internationalization : the Argentinean SMEs

This study reviews the concepts of tangible and intangible internationalization using a data from Argentinean SMEs. The findings suggest that managers may have to make a strategic commitment to upgrade and expand firms’ resources and capabilities to achieve long term internationalization. The results offer evidence that becoming an international company is not only about having a physical presence in a foreign market. It is important to re-focus the firms’ outlook from competing in a protected domestic market to competing in markets with a strong presence of international companies. In addition, managers may have to shift their focus from short-term rent and profit seeking to long-term internationalization. This research also contributes to the study of internationalization of SMEs as it further expands the concept of internationalization by including a long-term perspective where the company can be international without having a physical presence in a foreign market.
Title Consensus Comparative Analysis of Human Embryonic StemCell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Global transcriptional analyses have been performed with human embryonic stem cells (hESC) derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) to identify molecules and pathways important for human CM differentiation, but variations in culture and profiling conditions have led to greatly divergent results among different studies. Consensus investigation to identify genes and gene sets enriched in multiple studies is important for revealing differential gene expression intrinsic to human CM differentiation independent of the above variables, but reliable methods of conducting such comparison are lacking. We examined differential gene expression between hESC and hESC-CMs from multiple microarray studies. For single gene analysis, we identified genes that were expressed at increased levels in hESC-CMs in seven datasets and which have not been previously highlighted. For gene set analysis, we developed a new algorithm, consensus comparative analysis (CSSCMP), capable of evaluating enrichment of gene sets from heterogeneous data sources. Based on both theoretical analysis and experimental validation, CSSCMP is more efficient and less susceptible to experimental variations than traditional methods. We applied CSSCMP to hESC-CMmicroarray data and revealed novel gene set enrichment (e.g., glucocorticoid stimulus), and also identified genes that might mediate this response. Our results provide important molecular information intrinsic to hESC-CM differentiation. Data and Matlab codes can be downloaded from S1 Data.
Synthesis of Amino Magnetic Titano-Silicate and Its Role for Uranium Adsorption

Amino magnetic titano-silicate was prepared by two different methods in the presence of dispersed fine magnetite particles the obtained composites named (AMTS and IMTS) were used as an adsorbent to remove U(VI) ions from aqueous solutions and rock samples by a batch method. Various conditions were evaluated, including solution pH, initial uranium concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms of U(VI) by the AMTS and IMTS composite were studied using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The kinetic data followed the pseudo-secondorder equation; the isotherm data were described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) was obtained at 142.2 and 133.33 mg/g for AMTS and IMTS, respectively
Evaluation of Currently Available Techniques for Studying Colloids in Environmental Media: Introduction to Environmental Nanometrology

Engineered nanoparticles are emerging pollutants with poorly known environmental fate and impact. Studying the fate of engineered colloids in the environment is highly challenging due to the complexity of their possible interactions with environmental components and to the need of dedicated analytical methods. Many relevant processes like e.g. agglomeration and dissolution can be studied by monitoring the size of colloids. Techniques dedicated to the determination of the size of colloids in environmental media are thus required. Such techniques should remain accurate at low concentrations and be specific, widely matrix independent and free of artefact due to sample preparation. This chapter aims at evaluating and comparing systematically the currently used tools (e.g. microscopy, light scattering, particle counters) for sizing colloids considering these requirements. As an example of a highly promising solution, the current development of separation techniques coupled to (single particle) ICP-MS is described in more details. Evaluation of Currently Available Techniques for Studying Colloids in Environmental Media: Introduction to Environmental Nanometrology
On the arcmin structure of the X‐ray Universe

We present the angular correlation function of the X‐ray population of 1063 XMM‐Newton observations at high Galactic latitudes, comprising up to ∼30000 sources over a sky area of ∼125 sq. degrees in the energy bands: soft (0.5–2 keV) and hard (2–10 keV). This is the largest sample of serendipitous X‐ray sources ever used for clustering analysis purposes to date and the results have been determined with unprecedented accuracy. We detect significant clustering signals in the soft and hard bands (∼10σ and ∼5σ, respectively). We deproject the angular correlation function via Limber’s equation and calculate the typical spatial lengths. We infer that AGN at redshifts ∼1 are embedded in dark matter halos with typical masses of logM∼12.6 h−1 M⊙ and lifetimes in the range ∼3–5×108 years, which indicates that AGN activity is a transient phase in the life of galaxies.
Calculation of point defects in rutile TiO 2 by the screened-exchange hybrid functional

The formation energies of the oxygen vacancy and titanium interstitial in rutile TiO 2 were calculated by the screened-exchange (sX) hybrid density functional method, which gives a band gap of 3.1 eV, close to the experimental value. The oxygen vacancy gives rise to a gap state lying 0.7 eV below the conduction band edge, whose charge density is localized around the two of three Ti atoms next to the vacancy. The Ti interstitial (Ti int) generates four defect states in the gap, whose unpaired electrons lie on the interstitial and the adjacent Ti 3d orbitals. The formation energy for the neutral oxygen vacancy is 1.9 eV for the O-poor chemical potential. The neutral Ti interstitial has a lower formation energy than the O vacancy under O-poor conditions. This indicates that both the O vacancy and Ti int are relevant for oxygen deficiency in rutile TiO 2 but the O vacancy will dominate under O-rich conditions. This resolves questions about defect localization and defect predominance in the literature. © 2012 American Physical Society.
Practical quasi parton distribution functions

A completely new strategy to calculate parton distribution functions on the lattice has recently been proposed. In this method, lattice calculable observables, called quasi distributions, are related to normal distributions. The quasi distributions are known to contain power-law UV divergences arise from a Wilson line in the non-local operator, while the normal distributions only have logatithmic UV divergences. We propose possible method to subtract the power divegence to make the matching of the quasi with the normal distributions well-defined. We also demonstrate the matching of the quasi quark distribution between continuum and lattice implementing the power divergence subtraction. The matching calculations are carried out by one-loop perturbation.
Impacts of supplementation aquaculture on the genetic diversity of wild Ruditapes decussatus from northern Spain

The European carpet shell Ruditapes decussatus is among the most important shell- fish species cultured in estuaries and bays of the northern Iberian Peninsula. Increased demand and overfishing of native R. decussatus, as well as irregular yields due in part to pollution and urban sprawl, have led to overexploitation of the species and to the import of the non-indigenous R. philippinarum in the early 1980s. In recent years, supplementation aquaculture of R. decussatus (supportive breeding) has been implemented as a management tool to recover the exhausted native carpet shell populations in Asturias, northern Spain. In this study, taxonomic analysis and a suite of genetic markers (ITS2, 5SrDNA, and mtCOI) were employed to assess the genetic compo- sition of R. decussatus in 2 estuaries of the region, Ria del Eo and Ria de Villaviciosa. Our results revealed species misidentification and evidenced genetic introgression from the non-indigenous R. philippinarum into wild R. decussatus samples (4.2%), as well as in the aquaculture seed used for population supplementation (2.0%). Furthermore, we found significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.03750, p 0.05). Several actions are strongly recom- mended to prevent inadvertent introduction of non-indigenous genomes and other genetic ero- sive processes on native species in the region: (1) banning releases of the alien species R. philip- pinarum, (2) developing diagnostic tests for detection of hybrids in captive breeding programs, and (3) assessing the conservation status of wild R. decussatus populations.
Next Steps in Network Time Synchronization For Navy Shipboard Applications

Abstract : Next generation Navy platform designs are evolving towards generalized multipurpose infrastructures based on open standards and commercial products. These platforms will support a wide range of new and expanding applications in a more flexible and dynamic manner than in previous designs. This new paradigm creates significant network time synchronization challenges. The Navy has been deploying the Network Time Protocol (NTP) in shipboard computing infrastructures to meet the current network time synchronization requirements. Additionally, a new standard, IEEE 1588 or the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), has emerged. It holds the promise of more precise synchronization through the use of hardware assists. New international standardization efforts intend to leverage NTP and PTP for a next generation of time synchronization protocols. This paper examines the emerging work in the International Standards communities in the area of precise network time synchronization. Additionally, it looks at preliminary evaluations of NTP and PTP in the types of products commonly used in Navy shipboard applications. Finally, this paper proposes potential focus areas for Navy standardization and experimentation efforts.