Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wideband High-Gain EBG Resonator Antennas With Small Footprints and All-Dielectric Superstructures

A novel method is presented to design single-feed high-gain EBG resonator antennas (ERAs) with significantly wider bandwidths. Dielectric contrast is introduced to 1-D EBG superstructures composed of unprinted dielectric slabs, and the thicknesses of each of these slabs is optimized to achieve a wideband defect mode in a unit-cell model. Next, antennas are designed and their superstructure areas are truncated to increase the antenna bandwidth and aperture efficiency while decreasing antenna footprint. We demonstrate that a small superstructure area increases the 3-dB bandwidth of ERAs significantly. A prototype ERA designed with a single feed and superstructure area as small as 1.5 λ0 ×1.5 λ0 has a measured 3-dB directivity bandwidth of 22% at a peak gain of 18.2 dBi. This prototype antenna was made out of three slabs of different dielectric constants, two of them touching each other. This prototype demonstrates more than 85% reduction in the ERA footprint alongside a drastic improvement in bandwidth over the 3%-4% measured bandwidth of the classical single-feed ERAs with unprinted slabs.
Learning Latent Variable Models by Pairwise Cluster Comparison: Part I - Theory and Overview

Identification of latent variables that govern a problem and the relationships among them, given measurements in the observed world, are important for causal discovery. This identification can be accomplished by analyzing the constraints imposed by the latents in the measurements. We introduce the concept of pairwise cluster comparison (PCC) to identify causal relationships from clusters of data points and provide a two-stage algorithm called learning PCC (LPCC) that learns a latent variable model (LVM) using PCC. First, LPCC learns exogenous latents and latent colliders, as well as their observed descendants, by using pairwise comparisons between data clusters in the measurement space that may explain latent causes. Since in this first stage LPCC cannot distinguish endogenous latent non-colliders from their exogenous ancestors, a second stage is needed to extract the former, with their observed children, from the latter. If the true graph has no serial connections, LPCC returns the true graph, and if the true graph has a serial connection, LPCC returns a pattern of the true graph. LPCC's most important advantage is that it is not limited to linear or latent-tree models and makes only mild assumptions about the distribution. The paper is divided in two parts: Part I (this paper) provides the necessary preliminaries, theoretical foundation to PCC, and an overview of LPCC; Part II formally introduces the LPCC algorithm and experimentally evaluates its merit in different synthetic and real domains. The code for the LPCC algorithm and data sets used in the experiments reported in Part II are available online.
A new generation of pulsed power supplies for experimental physics based on supercapacitors

Big physics experiments often require high power peaks for a short duration with low duty cycle. Even though the effective energy may be relatively small, the power supplies of these experiments can be critical from the technical, economic, and environmental points of view. This paper shows that the supercapacitor technology can simplify many power supply systems and can extend the scenarios explored by the experiments. Supercapacitors were already proposed and introduced for many applications, but their use is particularly advantageous in big physics experiments, especially when the current is high and the voltage is relatively low. This statement will be supported by some models and case studies based on real experimental devices (operating or that are going to be commissioned) with currents up to 60 kA. The presented designs based on supercapacitors simplify the existing apparatus, reduce the costs, increase the local power availability, and even extend the possible experimental activities. The reported analyses and results are mainly focused on nuclear fusion researches, but can be easily applied to many other fields.
A fully-asynchronous digital signal processor using self-timed circuits

Self-timed circuits with an appropriate handshake protocol can be used to eliminate the requirement for a global clock in a system. At the board level, asynchronous interfaces already make use of this approach. The natural extension of this concept is to use the same communication between blocks within an IC. To demonstrate this approach, self-timed circuits, or circuits which generate a completion signal, were used, along with interconnection circuits, following a four-cycle handshaking protocol, to design and fabricate a complete general-purpose digital signal processor (DSP). Internally, stages communicate at their own speed, which is an advantage because the speed of operation no longer is constrained by the slowest block in the system. The design methodology becomes modular, the blocks being decoupled with respect to their timing considerations. The DSP contains a full data path, with several feedback paths requiring synchronization between words at different stages of the pipe. Self-timed circuits are used throughout and all communication follows a handshaking protocol. <<ETX>>
Pathway analysis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) is a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) confined to the CNS. A genome-wide gene expression comparison between PCNSL and non-CNS DLBCL was performed, the latter consisting of both nodal and extranodal DLBCL (nDLBCL and enDLBCL), to identify a "CNS signature. " Pathway analysis with the program SigPathway revealed that PCNSL is characterized notably by significant differential expression of multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion-related pathways. The most significantly up-regulated gene is the ECM-related osteopontin (SPP1). Expression at the protein level of ECM-related SPP1 and CHI3L1 in PCNSL cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The alterations in gene expression can be interpreted within several biologic contexts with implications for PCNSL, including CNS tropism (ECM and adhesion-related pathways, SPP1, DDR1), B-cell migration (CXCL13, SPP1), activated B-cell subtype (MUM1), lymphoproliferation (SPP1, TCL1A, CHI3L1), aggressive clinical behavior (SPP1, CHI3L1, MUM1), and aggressive metastatic cancer phenotype (SPP1, CHI3L1). The gene expression signature discovered in our study may represent a true "CNS signature" because we contrasted PCNSL with wide-spectrum non-CNS DLBCL on a genomic scale and performed an in-depth bioinformatic analysis.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INNOVATION IN SMEs IN TURKEY: AN INTERREGIONAL COMPARISON

Bu calismanin amaciTurkiye’de KOBI’lerin yenilik yaratma yetenegini sorgulamaktir. Bu dogrultuda hipotezimiz; islem cevresi, orgut kulturu ve orgut yapisidegiskenlerinin KOBI’lerin yenilik yaratma yetenegi uzerinde onemli etkisinin oldugudur. Hipotezimiz, Turkiye’nin 12 alt bolgesinde imalat sanayinde faaliyet gosteren KOBI’lerde yukarida belirtilen degiskenler kullanilarak test edilmektedir. Survey yontemi kullanilarak veriler soru formu araciligiyla 3034 firmadan toplanmis; gecerlilik ve guvenilirlik analizleri ve nedensellik analizleri (coklu regresyon analizi) gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore, tum orneklem icin orgut kulturunun yenilikcilik boyutu orgutun yenilik yaratma yetenegini aciklamaktadir ancak aciklama gucu oldukca dusuktur. Ayrica bolgeler arasinda karsilastirma yapildiginda orgut kulturu, yapive cevre degiskenlerinin boyutlarinda yenilikciligi aciklamada farkliliklar oldugu gorulmustur.
Time Discrete Voltage Sensing and Iterative Programming Control for a 4F2 Multilevel CBRAM

Multilevel read/write circuits developed for a 90 nm, 4F2, 1T1CBJ (1-transistor/1-conductive bridging junction) 4Mb CBRAM core are described for the first time. The design uses an on-pitch time-discrete voltage sensing scheme and employs a bitline (BL) charge balancing reference as well as a self-timed iterative program concept. Random read cycle times ap0.7 mus and random write cycle times ap1.35 mus are achieved.
The impact of the Cadbury Committee Recommendations onanalysts' earnings forecasts: UK evidence

This paper examines the relationship between the board structure of UK firms and the accuracy of individual analysts’ earnings forecasts with respect to information asymmetry and agency theory. We hypothesize that managers of firms complying with the recommendations of The Code of Best Practice may have “less to hide” and, subsequently, provide more information to outsiders (including analysts), thus facilitating more accurate analysts’ forecasts. We find that analysts are more optimistic, but less accurate, for firms with a greater proportion of nonexecutive directors. This indicates that non-executive directors are inefficient at addressing the agency disclosure problem (at least in terms of the accuracy of analysts’ earnings forecasts).
Comparison of Discount Rates Disclosure Analysis in Goodwill Impairment Testing Among Singapore Listed Firms

This study presents some evidence of discount rate selection on goodwill impair ment testing under the new requirements of FRS 36. The selection of discount rates is believed to be an important key factor that affects the outcome of impairment assessment, especially when using the method of value in use. This study objectively examines the Singapore listed firm’s selection of discount rates disclosed, and then tests and compares the variation between discount rates disclosed by firms for the goodwill impairment testing with independently generated estimates of firm specific risk adjusted discount rates for multi year samples of 2007, 2006 and 2005. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is chosen because it describes the relationship between risk and expected return and that is used in the pricing of risky securities. For the purposes of this paper, the final research sample consists of 142, 127 and 86 firms that employed the value in use method in goodwill impairment testing and defined only a single dis count rate in 2007, 2006 and 2005 respectively. The results show most of the firms understated their discount rates for 2005, while in 2006 and 2007 some firms over stated their discount rate when compared with an independently estimated risk adjusted discount rate. The results also indicate that the Singapore listed firms have difficulties in the discount rates disclosure which may in turn limit the decision use fulness of their financial disclosures by potentially diluting the robustness of the impairment testing.
Complex network based research on the characteristics of grid computing system

This article investigated the statistical characteristics of complex networks, and provided theoretical guidance to the construction of a grid computing systems. Complex networks following the ER model and other models with a preferential attachment rule (with or without growth) were studied. The emphasis was placed on the investigation of networks with growth. In complex grid computing systems, the processing load of the parallel program executed on the grid was assigned to the nodes on demand by the master node, and the efficiency of the overall computation was quantified in terms of the parallel speedup. It was found that networks with growth have better parallel efficiency and the performance of nodes more regular. An interesting thing found by simulation was that in networks with growth there existed a core sub-graph, and the origin node took the core of the whole network. The results got from this paper were valuable for the construction of Grid with high efficiency.
Inappropriate crying and laughing in Parkinson disease and movement disorders

Objective. To examine in a pilot study inappropriate crying and laughing (also termed pseudobulbar affect (PBA)) and underlying mood disturbances in a large clinic based population of Parkinson's disease and movement disorder patients. Background. PBA is characterized by uncontrollable laughter without mirth, or alternatively crying without the feeling of sadness. It is a common condition affecting more than one million people with neurological diseases. While PBA has been studied in many neurological diseases, little is known about its prevalence in movement disorders, or its relationship to more chronic mood disturbances. We carried out this pilot study to examine this relationship. Methods. Seven hundred and nineteen out of 860 consecutive patients who visited our Movement Disorders Center met inclusion criteria (i.e. ≥18 years of age, formal diagnosis by a movement disorder specialist, completion of PBA questionnaire, and absence of brain surgery including deep brain stimulation). All subjects were interviewed for symptoms of PBA during their visit. In addition, 661 of these patients completed both the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS) and Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI-I). Results. Thirty-seven of the 719 reported PBA symptoms; 75.7% (28/37) had pathological ‘crying’, 13.5% (5/37) had pathological ‘laughing’ and 10.8% (4/37) had both. The prevalence of PBA in individual diagnostic categories was: 4.7% (18/387) of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), 2.7% (2/74) of primary dystonia, 3.1% (2/65) of essential tremor (ET), 7.8% (8/108) of patients with other forms of Parkinsonism, 21.7% (5/23) of psychogenic movement disorders, 0% (0/18) of patients with combined PD and ET, and 4.5% (2/44) of other movement disorders. Patients with PBA had a higher total BDI score (P =0.0278) and VAMS ‘tiredness’ score (P=0.0109). In patients on antidepressant therapy the prevalence of PBA was 7.1% compared to 2.7% in the group not on therapy (P=0.0094). Conclusion. PBA was present in most movement disorders, but especially prevalent in parkinsonism. PBA patients in this cohort had more chronic depressive symptoms and tiredness.
Airway Deadspace, End‐Tidal CO2, and Christian Bohr

In order to calculate alveolar deadspace, an important measure of ventilation/perfusion mismatching, it is necessary to measure airway or anatomical deadspace (VDaw) and physiological deadspace. VDaw is usually measured graphically or by similar means, but sometimes it is estimated from a formula, based on Christian Bohr's work, in which end‐tidal Pco2 is used as a measure of alveolar Pco2. In 58 patients undergoing anaesthesia and positive pressure ventilation, there were large errors in this estimate of VDaw compared to a graphical method. At tidal volumes of 400–500 ml, the median error was 34 ml; at larger tidal volumes, the median error increased to 74 ml (P<0.001). The size of the error was correlated to the slope of phase III, the part of the CO2 tracing representing alveolar CO2, at both ventilator settings (P<0.01). It is concluded that estimates of VDaw based on end‐tidal Pco2 are unreliable, and their use will lead to a large part of the alveolar deadspace being wrongly accredited to VDaw.
Activation by N‐Acetyl‐l‐Aspartate of Acutely Dissociated Hippocampal Neurons in Rats via Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

Summary: Purpose: We previously reported that an increase in the N‐acetyl‐l‐aspartate (NAA) level due to the lack of aspartoacylase gene was found in the brain of the tremor rat (tm/tm), which is a mutant with a causative gene named tm that shows epileptic seizures. Therefore, NAA is suggested to be one of the factors involved in the induction of epileptic seizures. Patch‐clamp studies were performed to determine whether NAA produces an excitatory effect on acutely dissociated rat hippocampal neurons.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Children's Asthma: Satisfaction, Care Provider Responsiveness, and Networks of Care

We explain why some caretakers opt for alternative medicine for the treatment of children's asthma whereas others do not. In the past 15 years, asthma care has been standardized, with clinical practice guidelines centered on advanced pharmacological regimes. Clinicians argue that with proper biomedical treatment and environmental control, asthma should be a manageable chronic disease. Yet many patients forego available pharmacological treatments for alternative medicine or complement prescribed drugs with unconventional treatments. On the basis of open-ended, in-depth qualitative interviews with 50 mothers of children with asthma, we argue that the experience with biomedical treatments, social influence in mother's network of care, concerns about adverse and long-term effects, health care providers' responsiveness to such concerns, and familiarity with alternative treatments explain why some families rely on alternative medicine and others do not.
Gender Prediction for Chinese Social Media Data

Social media provides users a platform to publish messages and socialize with others, and microblogs have gained more users than ever in recent years. With such usage, user profiling is a popular task in computational linguistics and text mining. Different approaches have been used to predict users’ gender, age, and other information, but most of this work has been done on English and other Western languages. The goal of this project is to predict the gender of users based on their posts on Weibo, a Chinese micro-blogging platform. Given issues in Chinese word segmentation, we explore character and word n-grams as features for this task, as well as using character and word embeddings for classification. Given how the data is extracted, we approach the task on a per-post basis, and we show the difficulties of the task for both humans and computers. Nonetheless, we present encouraging results and point to future improvements.
Comparison of single-plane and biplane volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography. 1. Asymmetric model hearts.

In asymmetric model hearts volume was estimated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-dE) and radiography, and the results compared to directly measured volume in the range from 10 to 320 ml (n = 22). The disc method, and the area-length and ellipsoid methods were used for both single-plane and biplane calculations. When biplane 2-dE measurements were calculated by the disc method and compared with directly measured volumes the regression equation was acceptably linear. For single-plane calculations, no linearity was found. For the disc method, the regression equation was given by y = 0.91x + 8.4, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.989, and the standard error of estimate (s.e.e.) was ± 12.8 ml. The confidence interval was 0.85 to 0.98. With the area-length method the regression equation was y = 0.93x + 7.4, r = 0.987, s.e. e. = ± 14.0 ml. For the ellipsoid method, the regression equation was y = 0.89x + 1.2, r = 0.966, s.e. e. = ±22.0 ml. With radiographic biplane calculations compared to directly determined values the regression equation was also found to be linear. For single-plane calculations such linearity was not found. For the disc method the regression equation was y = 0.99x + 5.9, r = 0.991, and s.e. e. = ±12.6 ml. The confidence interval was 0.93 to 1.06. For the area-length method the regression equation was y = 1.01x + 9.0, r = 0.987, s.e. e. = ±15.0 ml, and for the ellipsoid method y = 0.97x − 3.3, r = 0.992, s.e. e. = ±11.2 ml. Thus, 2-dE is an accurate method for volume determination in asymmetric model hearts using biplane calculations and the disc method. Area-length and ellipsoid methods seemed to be less accurate. Compared to radiography, 2-dE yielded similar correlation coefficients and s.e. e.s. Whereas 2-dE slightly underestimated model heart volume (−4.5 ± 14.7 ml, NS), radiography overestimated the volume (+5.7 ± 12.3 ml, P <0.05). The mean difference between 2-dE and radiography was 10.2 ± 21.2 ml, P <0.05). These results ought to be taken into account when left ventricular volume determinations are done in patients with coronary artery disease.
Improvements in distance measurement and SAR-imaging applications by using ultra-high resolution mm-wave FMCW radar systems

Due to advances in technology, resulting in coverage of even higher, and rarely used, frequency regions with low-cost semiconductors, ultra wideband radar systems are getting more feasible for several kinds of applications. In this contribution, the effects of using radar systems with an ultra high spatial resolution, in combination with high precision distance measurements, especially for solid bulk material, and short range synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging are discussed. Furthermore, measurements with a wideband (24.5GHz bandwidth) radar sensor in these applications have been done to demonstrate the advantages, of the high resolution. Especially distance measurement applications with many targets or disturbing scatterers benefit from the wide bandwidth. Here, for the measured scenario an accuracy enhancement of a factor 4 to 8 has been obtained by increasing the bandwidth from 4GHz to 24.5 GHz. Furthermore, short range SAR images with a nearly isotropic resolution of 1.3 cm in range, and 1.5 cm in azimuth direction (−6 dB width, Hanning window) are presented. The use of 24.5 GHz bandwidth, and the accordingly better range resolution, which is now in the same dimension as the azimuth resolution, drastically increases the image quality compared to images taken with 4 GHz bandwidth.
Decrease in serum hepatitis C viral RNA during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of alpha-interferon therapy on hepatitis C viral RNA in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C. DESIGN Retrospective testing for hepatitis C viral (HCV) RNA and antibody to the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) of stored serum samples from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of alpha-interferon therapy. SETTING Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, a tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Forty-one patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were entered in this trial. INTERVENTIONS Twenty-one patients were treated with alpha-interferon, and 20 patients were treated with placebo for 6 months. Seventeen placebo recipients were then treated with alpha-interferon for up to 1 year. METHODS Samples were tested for anti-HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatitis C viral RNA was detected in serum using the polymerase chain reaction. Titers of both antibody and RNA were determined by serial end-point dilution. MAIN RESULTS At entry into the trial, 37 (90%) of 41 patients had anti-HCV and 39 (95%) had HCV RNA in serum. Anti-HCV titers decreased slightly with treatment. Serum levels of HCV RNA decreased in all patients who responded to alpha-interferon therapy with improvements in serum aminotransferases; in 17 of 21 responders (81%; 95% Cl, 58% to 95%) HCV RNA became undetectable. In contrast, in only 2 of 16 (12%; Cl, 2% to 38%) patients who did not respond to treatment did HCV RNA become undetectable. In 19 patients treated during the preliminary 6-month period with placebo, HCV RNA remained detectable. Finally, in the 11 patients who relapsed when treatment was stopped, HCV RNA reappeared in the serum, but in 4 of 7 patients with a sustained improvement in serum aminotransferases, HCV RNA remained undetectable. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the clinical and serum biochemical response to alpha-interferon in chronic hepatitis C is associated with a loss of detectable HCV genome from serum.