Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cross-language information retrieval systems : Second Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2001, Darmstadt, Germany, September 3-4, 2001 : revised papers

System Evaluation Experiments at CLEF 2001. - CLEF 2001 - Overview of Results. - Mainly Cross-Language. - Report on CLEF-2001 Experiments: Effective Combined Query-Translation Approach. - Multilingual Information Retrieval Using English and Chinese Queries. - Exeter at CLEF 2001: Experiments with Machine Translation for Bilingual Retrieval. - TNO at CLEF-2001: Comparing Translation Resources. - ITC-irst at CLEF 2001: Monolingual and Bilingual Tracks. - Experiments with the Eurospider Retrieval System for CLEF 2001. - Using Co-occurrence, Augmented Restrictions, and C-E WordNet for Chinese-English Cross-Language Information Retrieval at CLEF 2001. - Utaclir @ CLEF 2001 - Effects of Compound Splitting and N-Gram Techniques. - Using Statistical Translation Models for Bilingual IR. - Cross-Lingual Pseudo-Relevance Feedback Using a Comparable Corpus. - Investigation on Disambiguation in CLIR: Aligned Corpus and Bi-directional Translation-Based Strategies. - Vector-Based Semantic Analysis Using Random Indexing for Cross-Lingual Query Expansion. - Query Expansion Techniques for the CLEF Bilingual Track. - Intelligent Information Access Systems (SINAI) at CLEF 2001: Calculating Translation Probabilities with SemCor. - JHU/APL Experiments at CLEF: Translation Resources and Score Normalization. - Dictionary-Based Thai CLIR: An Experimental Survey of Thai CLIR. - English-Dutch CLIR Using Query Translation Techniques. - Thomson Legal and Regulatory at CLEF 2001: Monolingual and Bilingual Experiments. - Working with Russian Queries for the GIRT, Bilingual, and Multilingual CLEF Tasks. - IR-n: A Passage Retrieval System at CLEF-2001. - Monolingual Experiments. - Spanish Monolingual Track: The Impact of Stemming on Retrieval. - Shallow Morphological Analysis in Monolingual Information Retrieval for Dutch, German, and Italian. - Stemming Evaluated in 6 Languages by Hummingbird SearchServer(TM) at CLEF 2001. - Minimalistic Test Runs of the Eidetica Indexer. - Across the Bridge: CLEF 2001 - Non-english Monolingual Retrieval. The French Task. - Mpro-IR in CLEF 2001. - Some Terms Are More Interchangeable than Others. - Interactive Track. - The CLEF 2001 Interactive Track. - Noun Phrase Translations for Cross-Language Document Selection. - iCLEF at Sheffield. - iCLEF 2001 at Maryland: Comparing Term-for-Term Gloss and MT.- Evaluation Issues and Results. - The Philosophy of Information Retrieval Evaluation. - CLIR System Evaluation at the Second NTCIR Workshop. - Multilingual Topic Generation within the CLEF 2001 Experiments. - CLEF Methodology and Metrics.
Adaptive processing of sequences and data structures : International Summer School on Neural Networks "E.R. Caianiello", Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy, September 6-13, 1997, tutorial lectures

Recurrent neural network architectures: An overview. - Gradient based learning methods. - Diagrammatic methods for deriving and relating temporal neural network algorithms. - An introduction to learning structured information. - Neural networks for processing data structures. - The loading problem: Topics in complexity. - Learning dynamic Bayesian networks. - Probabilistic models of neuronal spike trains. - Temporal models in blind source separation. - Recursive neural networks and automata. - The neural network pushdown automaton: Architecture, dynamics and training. - Neural dynamics with stochasticity. - Parsing the stream of time: The value of event-based segmentation in a complex real-world control problem. - Hybrid HMM/ANN systems for speech recognition: Overview and new research directions. - Predictive models for sequence modelling, application to speech and character recognition.
Image Information Mining Systems

Image satellite sensors acquire huge volumes of imagery to be processed and stored in big archives. An example of such an archive is the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) at Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, that receives about hundreds of GigaBytes of data per day entailing 104 GigaBytes in the repository. To provide access to this data, web applications have been developed, e.g. the DLR EOWEB1, to retrieve images according to meta information such as date, geographical location or sensor. Alexandria Digital Library2 is another example of accessing remote sensed imagery through its meta information providing a distributed searching mechanism for retrieving geospatial referenced data collections. It is able to search different types of databases placed at different locations. The software enables to implement web clients as Globetrotter3 or Gazetteer4. These systems based on meta information retrieval allow only constrained queries giving no information about the content, and consequently, no content based retrieval is offered.
A neural network model of long-range apparent motion in the human vision

Detection of motion is one of the most important functions of the visual systems of animals. Motion perceived by humans when succeeding frames are presented is called 'apparent motion'. According to its psychophysical characteristics, a categorization of apparent motion into two parts has been proposed, i.e. the short-range apparent motion (SRAM) and the long-range one (LRAM). From a computational viewpoint, SRAM and LRAM are characterized by filtering and matching tasks, respectively. In this paper, a neural network model of LRAM is proposed. The model uses a neural network of the Hopfield type which solves the matching task as an optimization problem. Computer simulation shows that the network yields a satisfactory solution of the matching task with careful consideration of the energy function. Also, it is shown that the number of iterations required in the computation is in a plausible range for a model of human visual processing. <<ETX>>
Software Change Impact Analysis

From the Publisher: As software systems become increasingly large and complex, the need increases to predict and control the effects of software changes. Software Change Impact Analysis captures the latest information on the science and art of determining what software parts affect each other. It provides a battery of ideas for doing impact analysis better, presents a framework for the field, and focuses attention on important results. You will gain a healthy respect for the strengths and limitations of impact analysis technology and a solid background that will prove valuable for years to come. The book identifies key impact analysis definitions and themes and illustrates the important themes to give you a solid understanding for tackling impact analysis problems. It includes reports on software source code dependency analysis and software traceability analysis and shows how results from both areas can more effectively support impact analysis in software engineering repositories. It also describes why impact representation and determination techniques are at the heart of both source dependency analysis and traceability analysis.
Machine Translation of Noun Phrases from English to Igala using the Rule-Based Approach.

We live in a multilingual society where large volumes of documents are produced in different languages. Translation is the means by which information generated in one language can be accessed by someone in a different language. Igala is one of the languages spoken in Nigeria. Igala is the ninth largest ethnic group in Nigeria and the language is spoken by about 2.5 million people. The main objective of this research is to model a language processor that can accept as input Noun Phrases in English language and translate same to Igala language. The two core technologies, corpus based and rule based technologies for building machine translation systems were carefully studied. Due to the structural differences between English and Igala, noun phrases coupled with the non- availability of large amount of parallel aligned corpus for English and Igala language, the rule based technology was adopted to develop the model. The model was implemented using VB.net programming language as front end and Microsoft Access as back end. The application was tested on 120 randomly selected English noun phrases using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) method for evaluating Machine Translation systems. An accuracy of 90.9% was obtained. Key words: Translation, Igala language, Language processor, corpus based technology, rule based technology, Bilingual Evaluation Understudy.
Content quality in web 2.0 services : analysis, detection, systems and enhancement

There has been a proliferation of Web 2.0 sites on the Internet. Contemporary Web 2.0 sites like Facebook and Twitter are primarily driven by user generated content (UGC). On the other hand, the volume of content by such user contributions has been increasing rapidly. However, user generated content may not conform to the set of guidelines and rules of the websites. Subpar content can severely affect user engagement, retention and also have an adverse impact on information retrieval systems. Therefore, there is an impending need to manage and enhance content quality on Web 2.0 sites. In this thesis, we investigate three broad objectives – (1) Low quality content, (2) Content Quality Systems and (3) Information Retrieval Enhancement. In order to address these objectives, first we look at low quality questions on a popular programming based community based question answering (CQA) website called Stackoverflow. We analyze user behavior, content patterns and also build supervised machine learning based predictive systems to detect low quality questions. In context to the second objective, we look at enhancing content quality on Issue Tracking Systems a popular artifact used by developers during the software maintenance lifecycle. We conduct surveys from software practitioners to understand the needs of the community and discover that developers frequently use the Internet for their daily tasks. In order to reduce the context switch for software maintenance professionals, we develop two systems – (i) CQA integration with Issue Tracking Systems and (ii) Web Reference Management Browser Plugin. We develop both these systems to reduce cognitive load on software maintenance professionals during their daily tasks. In context to the third objective, we look at quality enhancement on social media to help information retrieval systems. Concretely, we propose a new algorithm to utilize social interactions to discover homogeneous topic-based communities on a social network. To address the challenge of scalability, our algorithm only visits required portions of the network based on an expectation-maximization approach. Further, we also propose an algorithm for tag recommendation on social media. Specifically, we utilize Twitter to suggest tags to external linked media like Flickr, Youtube and Soundcloud. In conclusion, we look at different perspectives for quality analysis, systems, detection and enhancement of content on Web 2.0 sites. I dedicate this thesis to my father Rosario Franco Correa who is not here to live this day. He would not agree with me but would always defend the right to speak my alternate and extremely crazy view points. I miss him.
Effective Mining Scheme for Large Streams Personalized Data Using Sparse Data

Reference methods are extremely significant in the fields of E-commerce and other Web-based services. One of the major complexities is dynamically providing high-quality suggestion on sparse data. In this paper a work of fiction lively modified suggestion algorithm is proposed in which information contained in both ratings and profile contents are make use by searching hidden relations between ratings a set of dynamic features are calculated to explain user inclinations in multiple segments and lastly a recommendation is made by adaptively weighting the features. Tentative consequences on public datasets show that the planned algorithm has gratifying presentation.
Multi-Loop Controller Synthesis and Performance Analysis

Over the past few decades, many algorithms have been proposed for controller design. In practice, an engineer needs to address the following issues before the actual controller can be designed: which variables should be measured, controlled and manipulated, and what links should be made between them. These decisions are often taken heuristically, which has an adverse effect on the safe and economic operation of the process. In this thesis, simple yet theoretically sound tools are developed for partitioning of the measurements and manipulations for control of complex systems. The task of controller design is much simplified by pre-stabilizing the system using a subset of variables. Selecting the subset of variables by minimization of the input energy required for stabilization reduces the likelihood of otherwise destabilizing input saturation. The achievable input performance for linear systems is characterized and an iterative method is presented for variable selection. The conventional μ-i teraction measure is generalized for synthesizing a decentralized stabilizing controller using independent designs. The decentralized controller is designed based on the optimal block diagonal approximation of the multivariate system. For the stabilized system, though use of a single large controller is mathematically attractive, simpler and smaller controllers are often used in practice for ease of maintenance and design. Connections between closed loop properties and block relative gain are presented for partitioning the system based on practical issues like reliability and simplified tuning. It is shown that establishing the existence of a diagonal controller with integral action for reliable stabilization is NP-hard. Once the control structure is established, existing methods can be used for controller design; however, the closed loop performance can deteriorate with time due to uncertain dynamics and changing operating conditions. Use of online performance monitoring tools is necessary to identify significant performance degradation and subsequent remedial steps. The existing methods are inadequate for performance monitoring of decentralized controllers and a sub-optimal, but explicit solution to the decentralized minimum variance benchmark problem is proposed. The tools presented in this thesis can be used individually or synthesized into a comprehensive design procedure with possible minor extensions.
Generating grammars for structured documents using grammatical inference methods

Dictionaries, user manuals, encyclopedias, and annual reports are typical examples of structured documents. Structured documents have an internal, usually hierarchical, organization that can be used, for instance, to help in retrieving information from the documents and in transforming documents into another form. The document structure is typically represented by a context-free or regular grammar. Many structured documents, however, lack the grammar: the structure of individual documents is known but the general structure of the document class is not available. Examples of this kind of documents include documents that have Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) tags but not a Document Type Deenition (DTD). In this thesis we present a technique for generating a grammar describing the structure of a given structured document instances. The technique is based on ideas from machine learning. It forms rst nite-state automata describing the given instances completely. These automata are modiied by considering certain context conditions; the modiications correspond to generalizing the underlying language. Finally, the automata are converted into regular expressions, which are then used to construct the grammar. Some reening operations are also presented that are necessary for generating a grammar for a large and complicated document. The technique has been implemented and it has been experimented using several document types. Acknowledgements First I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Heikki Mannila for his endless patience and encouragement during my studies. Heikki really knows how to create an athmosphere where new ideas are freely born. With the help of his guidance and the gradually more demanding challenges he has given to me, I have been able to grow up as a scientist. headed by Professor Martti Tienari, has provided me excellent working conditions. Furthermore, I would like to direct my warmest thoughts to all the colleagues and friends, both at the department and elsewhere, who have made my life a lot easier with their care and friendship. I am also deeply grateful to my parents, Anja and Eero, for their continuing interest on my studies and also for their nancial aid that has helped me to concentrate on my work. Finally, the nancial support of the Academy of Finland, the Technology Development Center (TEKES), and the Helsinki Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering is gratefully acknowledged.
NERD and Norms: Framework and Experiments

We advocate and share the same theoretical framework for empirical research in ethics as exemplified in Christina Bicchieri’s The Grammar of Society. Our research differs from Bicchieri’s in our approach to experimentation: where she relies on lab experiments, we have constructed an experimental platform based on an internet survey instrument; where she relies on rational reconstructions, we do not. In this paper we focus on four contrasts in our methods: (1) we provide a space to explore ethical influence and norm transmission between participants, belief and choice revision, and reputation over time; (2) we provide ways for participants to expand the context of their and others’ decisions; (3) we focus on more realistic ethical decisions than is allowed by games; and (4) we explain why Bicchieri’s method of rational reconstructions presents challenges to her theory of social norms. Our methods are complementary to Bicchieri’s, and together we can work toward developing more comprehensive empirically informed ethics.
Log summarizing agent for Web access data using data mining techniques

We can get useful information from the WWW (World Wide Web) and the users are increasing every year. The available data is growing explosively, so techniques for analysis and discovery of useful information are important. The information providers and Web manager make an effort to construct an effective Web site. If providers and administrators can determine user browsing patterns from Web access logs, they would be able to use the patterns as one index to construct an effective site. However, it is difficult to extract user browsing patterns manually because the Web access log is huge. Therefore, we adopt a data mining technique to solve this problem and design a log summarizing agent. This agent can automatically extract profitable information from large amounts of Web access logs.
The symbolic and connectionist paradigms : closing the gap

Contents: J. Dinsmore, Thunder in the Gap. D.J. Chalmers, Subsymbolic Computation and the Chinese Room. F. Adams, K. Aizawa, G. Fuller, Rules in Programming Languages and Networks. K. Aizawa, Biology and Sufficiency in Connectionist Theory. J. Schwartz, Who's Afraid of Multiple Realizability? : Functionalism, Reductionism and Connectionism. D.S. Blank, L.A. Meeden, J.B. Marshall, Exploring the Symbolic/Subsymbolic Continuum: A Case Study of RAAM. J. Barnden, Connectionism, Generalization and Propositional Attitudes: A Catalogue of Challenging Issues. C-D. Lee, M. Gasser, Where Do Underlying Representations Come From? : A Connectionist Approach to the Acquisition of Phonological Rules. S.C. Kwasny, K.A. Faisal, Symbolic Paring via Subsymbolic Rules. T.E. Lange, Hybrid Connectionist Models: Temporary Bridges Over the Gap Between the Symbolic and the Subsymbolic.
Structured parallel programming: theory meets practice

We address the issue of what should be the proper relationship between theoretical computer science and practical computing. Starting from an analysis of what we perceive of as the failure of formally based research to have as much impact on practical computing as is merited we propose a diagnosis based on the way formally based research is conducted and the way it is envisaged that results from these areas will be translated into practice. We suggest that it is the responsibility of practitioners of theoretical computer science to work more closely with the practical areas in order to identify ways in which their ideas can be used to augment current practice rather than seeking to replace it. As a case in point we examine functional programming and its relationship to programming parallel machines. We introduce a development, structured parallel programming, that seeks to combine the theoretical advantages of functional programming with established practice in these areas. We show how the full power of functional programming, for example high level abstraction and program transformation, can be made compatible with conventional imperative programming languages , providing practical solutions to many long standing problems in parallel computing.
Introduction to Engineering Experimentation

1. Introduction. 2. General Characteristics of Measurement Systems. 3. Measurement Systems with Electrical Signals. 4. Computerized Data Acquisition Systems. 5. Discrete Sampling and Analysis of Time-Varying Signals. 6. Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data. 7. Experimental Uncertainty Analysis. 8. Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities. 9. Measuring Pressure, Temperature and Humidity. 10. Measuring Fluid Flow Rate, Fluid Velocity, Fluid Level, and Combustion Pollutants. 11. Dynamic Behavior of Measurement Systems. 12. Guidelines for Planning and Documenting Experiments. Appendix A: Computational Methods for Chapter 5. Appendix B: Selected Properties of Substances. Glossary. Answers to Selected Problems. Index.
Optimal filtering of nonstationary processes using smart sensors with adaptively controlled parameters

This paper presents a new approach for designing measurement systems using smart adaptively adjusted sensors, which are intended for accurate wide-range measurements of random physical processes in the presence of noise with nonstationary mean value. It is shown that these systems enable us to estimate measurands much more quickly and accurately than conventional ones. Results of simulations confirm the theoretical analysis.
Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Educational Hypermedia: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going?

Why should we look at the authoring process in adaptive educational hypermedia design? How does detecting authoring patterns help the process? Why do we need to consider cognitive styles in adaptive hypermedia? What do these seemingly unrelated topics have in common? These and other questions, along with some possible answers are posed in this paper. This is an introductory paper for the "First International Workshop on Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Educational Hypermedia". The paper will illustrate the motivation that led us to establish this workshop, and comment on some of the responses we received. Moreover, this paper aims to stimulate discussion by proposing potentially controversial answers, as well as refining the initial question set and asking new questions.