Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of MRI with Diffusion Weighted Images in Evaluation of Rectal Carcinoma

Traditionally, rectal cancer staging was done histopathologically, after surgery, to achieve a prognosis. However, with the implementation of adjuvant therapy, staging has become more relevant to the available therapeutic options. Preoperative staging is now crucial as the surgical techniques have evolved and neoadjuvant therapy has been implemented as an alternative in the treatment protocol. This advancement has also raised the issue of restaging before surgery in order to modify treatment strategy according to tumour response. : To assess the role of magnetic resonance with diffusion in diagnosis, staging of rectal carcinoma in relation to histopathological findings. This study was conducted upon 30 patients proved to be rectal carinoma by colonoscopy. Patient selection: 30 patients were included of both sexes (17 male & 13 females) with no age predilection (ranging between 27 years and 84 years). The rectal lesions located at the rectum in 27 of (13 located at upper 1/3 , 5 located at middle 1/3, 7located at lower 1/3 with 2 cases occupping the whole rectum) while the remaining 3 (2 located at the rectosigmoid region , the other one located at anorectal region). 77% of the patients of the studied groups presented with mural thickening and 20% presented with mural thickening with fungating endoluminal mass while 3% presented with mural thickening with exophytic mass. Our study results demonstrate that high-resolution MRI has pivotal role in accurate staging of rectal cancer and prediction of negative CRMs and involvement of the perirectal and pelvic LNs. Thus, we conclude MRI has a golden standard value in the establishment of the best treatment strategy.
Grayscale ultrasound and strain elastography in the characterization of thyroid nodule in correlation with fine-needle aspiration cytology

Background: Thyroid nodule(s) is a common clinical problem, because of high risk of malignancy in some of these nodules it is mandatory to establish a thyroid scoring system for nodule characterization and subjecting the highly suspicious and sizable nodules to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and thyroid strain elastography in the assessment of thyroid nodules and correlating the results with FNAC.Methods: This is a prospective study that includes 30 patients referred to the ultrasound unit in oncology teaching hospital, medical city, Baghdad, having anterior neck mass in thyroid gland location, during the period from the beginning of September 2018 to October 2019.Results: The thirty patients in the study sample consists of 25 females and 5 males, most of them are in the fourth decade (43%), the majority of detected thyroid nodules are either solid, isoechoic or hyperechoic in comparison to thyroid gland and hence had 3 points and scored as TIRADS 3, this was seen in 12 patients (40%), the least detected nodules are the highly suspicious one was irregular, with microcalcification, being very hypoechoic, given score 10 and by that categorized as TIRADS 5, this seen in 4 patients (13.3%), When we correlate the TIRADS scoring, elasto scoring and elasto ratio with FNAC results we found a significant correlation between the TIRADS score and FNAC with P value of 0.012, significant correlation also seen between the elasto scan and FNAC results P-value = 0.002475, while the correlation between the elasto ratio and FNAC was not significant, P-value =0.8. Conclusion: The TIRADS as a scoring system is an important reliable method for characterizing of thyroid nodule, the elasto score is also beneficial in evaluating the nodule when performed by professional personal, however the using of elasto ratio is not always beneficial.
Background Assertive outreach teamshave been introduced in the UK, based onthe assertive community treatment (ACT) model.It is unclearhow models of communitycare translate from one culture to anotheror the degree of adaptationthatmayresult

Declaration of interest Funding providedby the Departmentof Health. Recent mental health policy in England has mandated the provision of assertive outreach teams (Department of Health, 1999) as an adjunct to services provided by community mental health teams (Johnson et al, 2001). The required characteristics of assertive outreach teams (Department of Health, 2001) are based on the assertive community treatment (ACT) model developed in the USA, where it has demonstrated reduced hospital bed use (Stein & Test, 1980). Studies in the UK have not replicated these findings (Thornicroft et al, 1998; Burns et al, 1999). Critics have queried the fidelity of the UK teams to the ACT model (Marshall et al, 1999). It is unknown how far UK assertive outreach teams show low fidelity and whether this represents an essential adaptation to a non-US service environment. The current study explores the service characteristics of assertive outreach teams in London, their ACT model fidelity and whether specific ‘types’ of team could be identified.
A Cognitive Architecture founded on Dual-Process Theory predicts individuals’ potential for Rational or Experiential Style of Thinking

Dual-Process theories have been suggested by psychologists, covering multiple aspects of human information processing such as deductive reasoning, problem-solving and decision making. Cognitive-Experiential Self Theory is a Dual-Process Model of cognition, advocating that individuals’ behaviour is determined by two distinct information processing systems (the Rational and Experiential one), which operate different functions. The aim of this research was to examine the predictive functional relationship between Analytic Cognitive Ability, Working Memory Capacity, Logical Deduction Problem-Solving Ability, Counterfactual Thinking Ability, Emotional Expressiveness and Actively Open-Minded Thinking Disposition on individuals’ potential for Rational or Experiential Style of Thinking. A wide range of assessment strategy tasks was employed to explore multiple aspects of human information processing through a correlational design on a recruited sample of 258 participants. A binominal logistic regression statistical analysis was used, and the results revealed that all the predictor variables explained a small yet statistically significant amount of the variance of Style of Thinking. In particular, the Model accounted for between 10% and 13% of the variance in Style of Thinking, with 68.3% of those having Rational Style of Thinking being correctly predicted while 58.6% of those having Experiential Style of Thinking being also correctly predicted, and 63.9% overall. Despite the minimal practicality of the proposed Model, which was due to the small variance indicated by the predictor variables, it follows a methodological design originating from the Dual-Process Theory, that could be further exploited in future studies. With regards to the transitivity of preference, it is crucial to devise models to demonstrate how these two systems may interact in the human brain and how their competition and conflict could be resolved for the sake of self-control behaviour.
INFLUENCES OF SOLVENT TYPES ON THE FORMATION OF GRAPHENE IN THE ELECTROCHEMICAL EXFOLIATION METHOD

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different solvents in sonication process on the formation of graphene from the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. In short, graphite rod was exfoliated by electrochemical process with ammonium sulfate as saltelectrolyte. The exfoliated powder then sonicated under two different solvents, which are Dimethylformamide (DMF) and aqueous solution to form graphene. It was found that similar structure of graphene was obtained from both types of solvent. However, the amount of graphene produced was different due to the differences in graphene stability. Graphene is more stable in DMF solvents compared to the aqueous solution. The aqueous solution can allow the reversible reaction that can reform graphite oxide from graphene due to the existence of hydroxyl component in the aqueous solution.
MEDICAL SELF -REGULATION ANDTHEMEDICAL ROYAL COLLEGES

been a profound change in the way doctors are perceived by the general public and by regulatory authorities. Until recently it was generally accepted that doctors who had completed an accredited examination and were working in a senior capacity were competent at their jobs and cared for their patients appropriately. The greater knowledge of patients about medical matters, together with the development of lobby groups and their influence on medical policy decisions, has challenged the traditional self-regulation procedures of the medical establishment. These were rocked fundamentally by the ‘earthquake’ affecting British medicine (Klein, 1998; Smith, 1998) following the report of the Bristol heart surgery inquiry. The state had to take action, the need for clinical governance became imperative (National Health Service Executive, 1999) and the effects of the new procedures on the regulation of the work of doctors is now apparent to all working in Britain today.
Multiclass Neural Network for Codec Classiﬁcation

—In this paper, we suggest to remove or modify the denoted class of codec in a bitstream for military purposes in image communication. In that case, a decoder ﬁrst needs to determine the codec type to restore the original data. This paper proposes a codec classiﬁcation method which has not been studied much yet. For extracting the feature of a bitstream, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model is used since it is suitable for time series data used for training on classiﬁcation. Video codecs have their own distinctive header structures, which can be considered features in the encoded bitstreams. The proposed method extracts the feature of an encoded bitstream and classiﬁes the bitstream into the speciﬁc codec. Three standard codecs, MPEG-2, H.263, and H.264/AVC, are used to generate the training and the test data set in the experiment. We analyze several components affecting the performance and compare to conventional algorithm. The performance degrades when two kinds of bitstreams generated by H.263 and H.264/AVC are trained together. However, when the training data includes both H.263 and H.264/AVC, performances improved with increasing training data set sizes.
The Comparison of Anti-in lammatory and Analgesic Effect of Diclofenac Alone with Combined Treatment with Diclofenac and Serratiopeptidase in Patients having Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint

Oral proteolytic enzymes like serratiopeptidase are very commonly used by clinicians either alone or in combination with non-steroidal antiin lammatory drugs for analgesia and anti-in lammatory purpose. As the activity of these drugs is not proved in trials, and they are not listed in any country’s of icial pharmacopoeia, it was planned to study their effect in osteoarthritis patients. Two groups (n= 30 each) of diagnosed knee osteoarthritis patients, were treated with diclofenac 50 mg twice a day (BID) and serratiopeptidase 10mg three times a day (TID) + Diclofenac 50 mg BID for two weeks. The pain and dif iculty in daily activities were assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and Mc Masters Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC OA) index scale before and after the treatment. Highly signi icant improvement in both scales was seen in both groups. There was no statistically signi icant difference in the improvements found in both groups. Addition of serratiopeptidase has not potentiated analgesic and antiin lammatory effects of diclofenac. Thus, the analgesic and anti-in lammatory ef icacy of serratiopeptidase are not proved.
Towards Robustness Against Natural Language Word Substitutions

Robustness against word substitutions has a well-defined and widely acceptable form, i.e., using semantically similar words as substitutions, and thus it is considered as a fundamental stepping-stone towards broader robustness in natural language processing. Previous defense methods capture word substitutions in vector space by using either $l_2$-ball or hyper-rectangle, which results in perturbation sets that are not inclusive enough or unnecessarily large, and thus impedes mimicry of worst cases for robust training. In this paper, we introduce a novel \textit{Adversarial Sparse Convex Combination} (ASCC) method. We model the word substitution attack space as a convex hull and leverages a regularization term to enforce perturbation towards an actual substitution, thus aligning our modeling better with the discrete textual space. Based on the ASCC method, we further propose ASCC-defense, which leverages ASCC to generate worst-case perturbations and incorporates adversarial training towards robustness. Experiments show that ASCC-defense outperforms the current state-of-the-arts in terms of robustness on two prevailing NLP tasks, \emph{i.e.}, sentiment analysis and natural language inference, concerning several attacks across multiple model architectures. Besides, we also envision a new class of defense towards robustness in NLP, where our robustly trained word vectors can be plugged into a normally trained model and enforce its robustness without applying any other defense techniques.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FEUERSTEIN METHOD IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN1

Orientated by the new development directions of the education system and the concepts and didactics of the instrumental enrichment program – Basic, we intend to investigate the possibilities to increase the effectiveness of cognitive functions in order to Mental development of preschool children as a result of training aimed at optimizing individuality and positively influencing personality. The pre-school period constitutes a period of utmost importance in the life of the individual. Here the child appropriates the most important psychobehavioral characteristics, completes the preparation for the school. In order to avoid the exclusion of vulnerable categories of children from the educational system and to give them opportunities for social adaptation, Professor Feuerstein elaborated the theory of "the mediated teaching" and operationalized it to serve educational practice in a So-called "instrumental Enrichment Program" (Instrumental Enrichment, IE), which directly targets certain cognitive functions often deficient in people with learning difficulties: the ability to compare structures, search Analogies and differences, modeling capacity and concretization, generalization capacity.
Towards understanding the effective design of automated formative feedback for programming assignments

ABSTRACT Background and Context automated feedback for programming assignments has great potential in promoting just-in-time learning, but there has been little work investigating the design of feedback in this context. Objective to investigate the impacts of different designs of automated feedback on student learning at a fine-grained level, and how students interacted with and perceived the feedback. Method a controlled quasi-experiment of 76 CS students, where students of each group received a different combination of three types of automated feedback for their programming assignments. Findings feedback addressing the gap between expected and actual outputs is critical to effective learning; feedback lacking enough details may lead to system gaming behaviors. Implications the design of feedback has substantial impacts on the efficacy of automated feedback for programming assignments; more research is needed to extend what is known about effective feedback design in this context.
SEA-Teacher Students' Perspective: Challenges Teaching English Overseas in the Philippines

This qualitative research helps explore and understand the meaning of human action by describing the essential characteristics of a social or human experience (Astalin, 2013). This research aims to investigate SEA-Teacher students' challenges in teaching English overseas in the Philippines in terms of difficulties, motivations, and knowledge during and after teaching English overseas. A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted and applied to those four SEA-Teacher students to find out the challenges in teaching English overseas according to 7th batch of SEA-Teacher students in the Philippines. Those students had experienced teaching English subjects in other countries in the Philippines by joining the SEATeacher program, one of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education (SEAMEO) programs and located in Bangkok, Thailand. Flow Qualitative Analysis by Miles, Huberman, & Saldana (2014) analyzes the data. The interview result showed that teaching process and teaching preparation were the most challenging in teaching English in other countries. Teaching preparation was challenging to work on the Philippines' lesson plan because of curriculum differences. They also found that they were challenging in their teaching process where they were hard to manage the classroom during their teaching class because of the students' attitude when they were not listening to the teacher's instruction. Their difficulties in teaching preparation and Process came from themselves where they did not have the confidence and knowledge to adapt to other countries full of different cultures.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF ANALCIME FOR REMOVAL OF NITRITE AND NITRATE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The capacity of natural zeolites to absorb anionic pollutants from water is limited. This limitation can be overcome by modifying the surface of the minerals with organic cations. In this research, natural zeolite, Analcime was used for removing the nitrate and nitrite impurities from aqueous solutions. The surface of the zeolite was modified by tetramethylammonium and tetraethylammonium ions to increase the capacity of the samples to absorb the anions. The modified zeolite showed higher affinity for NO2 – and NO3 – compared to the natural sample.
Application of the Cross-Entropy Method to the Dynamic Assortment Optimization Problem Aplicación del Método de Entropı́a Cruzada al Problema de Optimización Dinámica de Surtido

This work considers an assortment optimization problem, under capacity constraint and unknown demand, where a retailer offers an assortment and observes the sale of one of the products according to a multinomial logit choice model. In this problem, named as the dynamic assortment optimization problem (DAOP), the retailer must offer different assortments in each period to learn the customer preferences. Therefore, the trade-off between exploration of new assortments and the exploitation of the best known assortment must be balanced. Similarities between sampling and exploration are established in order to apply the cross-entropy method as a policy for the solution of the DAOP. The cross-entropy method finds a probability distribution that samples an optimal solution by minimizing the cross-entropy between a target probability distribution and an arbitrarily selected probability distribution. This requires the DAOP to be formulated as a knapsack problem with a penalty for offering assortments that exceed capacity. The results are compared with adaptive exploration algorithms and, experimentally, the cross-entropy method shows competitive results. These results suggest that the cross-entropy method can be used to solve other sequential decision-making problems.
Correlation between p53 and VEGF in breast carcinoma: immunohistochemical study

Background: The commonest malignancy in females is breast cancer, it become a major health problem affecting women, worldwide. In spite of its increasing incidence, morbidity and mortality are starting to fall; this may belong to evolving ways of diagnosis and treatment. P53 acts as a transcription factor, regulates cell cycle, and hence functions as a tumor suppressor gene. The most potent endothelial cell Mitogen is VEGF emerged as a prognostic marker in patients with several types of cancer including breast cancer. Both markers were proved to be of prognostic value, moreover simultaneous expression of p53 and VEGF has been reported to have the worst bio-pathological profile in breast carcinoma. Although predictive value of the above biomarkers had been well known in previous investigations, relation between these biomarkers in breast cancer is a point to be discussed more specially in our country. Aims: To evaluate the rate of p53 and VEGF immunoexpression in different clincopathological parameters of breast carcinoma, their correlation and co expression in Iraqi females. Materials and Methods: Seventy two breast cancer patients were included to this study which performed in Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, from October 2018 to May 2019. All the cases were collected from Al-Sadder medical city and some of private laboratories in Najaf, they ranging age between22-70 years with a mean of 46.9 years. (LSAB + ) method was used for IHC detection of p53 and VEGF. Results: Sixty two (86.11%) of the cases were of ductal type while 10 cases (13.89%) of lobular type. The detection rate of p53 and VEGF was 36.11% and 58.33 respectively. P53 immunoexpression was significantly different among tumor sizes, but not in other parameters. However, p53 correlated positively with tumor grade and size. There was a significant difference of VEGF immunoexpression among the above histological subtypes, but not within different tumor sizes, grades and age of the patients, meanwhile VEGF was positively correlated with tumor grade and size. Moreover, both biomarkers were positively correlated with each other, and cases co expressing both p53 and VEGF (19.44%) have shown the most unfavorable bio-pathological profile. Conclusions and recommendations: P53 and VEGF immunoexpression have an important role in pathogenesis of breast carcinoma evolution, and their positivity associated with biologically aggressive tumors, thus recommendation for larger prospective study will give better insight about survival and outcomes.
Hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilanes investigated by internal reflection FTIR spectroscopy

The hydrolysis of a series of alkyl-substituted alkoxysilanes and an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium silane was investigated in water-acetone solvents by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An internal reflectance cell was employed for the investigation. Rates of sequential hydrolysis of the first, second, and in one case the third alkoxy groups were extracted by nonlinear regression of curves of methanol concentration plotted versus time using data obtained from the FTIR spectra of the reaction mixture. Acid catalysis of the hydrolysis was observed. Condensation of the silanol groups produced by the hydrolysis was investigated using similar techniques and rate data are presented.