Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EDMON - A Wireless Communication Platform for a Real-Time Infectious Disease Outbreak De- tection System Using Self-Recorded Data from People with Type 1 Diabetes

The relation between an infection incident and elevated blood glucose (BG) levels has been known for long time. People with diabetes often experience variable episodes of elevated BG levels up on infections incident. Hence, we proposed an Electronic Disease Surveillance Monitoring Network (EDMON) that uses BG pattern and other relevant parameters to detect infected diabetes individuals during the incubation period. The project is an extension of the results achieved in the mobile diabetes (mDiabetes) field within our research team for the last 15 years. The proposed EDMON system is a kind of public health surveillance, which uses events analysis at individual levels (called micro events) to reach on a conclusion for uncovering events on the general populations (called macro events) based on spatio-temporal cluster detection. It incorporates self-management mobile apps, sensors, wearables, and point of care (POC) devices to collect real-time health information from individuals with Type 1 diabetes. In this paper, we will present the proposed EDMON system architecture along with the design requirements, system components, communication protocols and challenges involved herein.
The SeCA Model

Security issues are paramount when considering adoption of any cloud technology. This chapter outlines the Secure Cloud Architecture (SeCA) model on the basis of data classifications, which defines a properly secure cloud architecture by testing the cloud environment on eight attributes. The SeCA model is developed using a literature review and a delphi study with seventeen experts, consisting of three rounds. We integrate the CI3A —an extension on the CIA-triad— to create a basic framework for testing the classification inputted. The data classification is then tested on regional, geo-spatial, delivery, deployment, governance & compliance, network, premise attributes. After this testing has been executed, a specification for a secure cloud architecture is outputted. The SeCA model is detailed with two example cases on the usage of the model in practice. INTRODUCTION According to both commercial reports as academic research, security issues are paramount when adoption of cloud solutions are being considered (Foster, Zhao, Raicu, & Lu, 2008; Ghinste, 2010; Mowbray & Pearson, 2009). However, no clear model exists to determine security issues and solutions. Better yet, there is much debate which security threats and risks are applicable to computer networks, end-users or are actually cloud specific (Chen, Paxson, & Katz, 2010:4). They state that “arguably many of the incidents described as ‘cloud security’ in fact just reflect traditional web application and data-hosting problems [. ] such as phishing, downtime, data loss, password weaknesses, and compromised hosts running botnets. ”. Moreover, they hold that most cloud security issues aren’t new, but do need new implementations to provide the level of security wanted. Therefore this chapter will provide an overview of the security issues and describe the Secure Cloud Architecture (SeCA) model to determine the security issues one might expect in a certain cloud environment and what solutions might be used to secure those issues. This framework will be developed by answering the following question:
Negotiation as a Collaborative Tool for Determining Permissions and Detection of Malicious Applications

In Android OS users find it very difficult to understand and comprehend its permission mechanism. Frequently, users tend to ignore permission negotiations dialogs during installation of an application. Users, who pay attention to the permission negotiation dialogs, find it tough to comprehend the description and evaluation of permission procedure. They do not know the impact of granting these permissions on their data. One major issue is that user is unaware about how application uses their data. He has no insight after granting permission to the application and effect of these permissions on his data’s privacy and security. This research reveals that discrete permission settings are helpful for user to secure his device resources and data. This study uses a distinct technique to detect danger of unnecessary permissions. It helps end users of Android OSs to understand the problems and provides them batter way to deal with the problems and grounds to explore alternatives.
Functional assay of Haemonchus contortus P-glycoprotein-A and interaction with macrocyclic lactones

2 Abrégé. 3 Acknowledgments. 4 Contribution.5 Table of contents.6 List of Abbreviations. 8 List of Figures and Tables.9 Chapter I: Introduction.11 Chapter II: Literature review.14 1. Haemonchus contortus life cycle.14 2. Anthelmintic chemotherapy.15 3. Mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance.20 3.1 Benzimidazoles resistance.21 3.2 Imidiothiazoles resistance.22 3.3 Macrocyclic lactones resistance.23 3.3. A.Ligand-gated-ion channels.23 3.3. B. ABC-binding cassette transporters.23 3.3. C.P-glycoproteins.25 4. Physiological role of P-glycoproteins.26 5. Mechanisms of P-glycoproteins mediated multidrug resistance.29 6. Homologues of P-glycoproteins in nematodes.30 Objectives.32 7 Chapter IV: Material and Methods.33 4.1. Parasites.33 4.2. RNA extraction.33 4.3. Reverse transcriptional polymerase reaction (RT-PCR). 34 4.4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 34 4.4.1. Amplification of full length sequence of Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A.34 4.5. Cloning of Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A.35 4.5.1. Purification of Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A.36 4.6. Mammalian cell culture.38 4.6. 1. Transfection of Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A in LLC-PK1 cells.38 4.6. 2. Establishment of LLC-PK1 transformants stably expressing Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A.39 4.6. 3. CAT/pcDNA 3.1(+) Detection of transfection efficiency.40 4.6. 4. DNA Integration and Transcription detection.41 4.7. Drug transport assays.41 4.7. 1. Fluorescence measurement.42 Chapter V: Results.48 5.1. Amplification of full length sequence of Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A.48 5.2. Cloning of Haemonchus contortus Pgp-A.49 5.3. Protein alignment and conformational analysis.50 5.4. Stable transfection of H Pgp-A/pcDNA 3.1(+). 51 5.5. Drug transport assays.52 Chapter VI: Discussion.69 Literature references.75
A Resilience Approach to Defence Critical Infrastructure

Defence is critically dependent on its own and national infrastructure for energy, water, information, transport, telecommunications and emergency services. The degree of interdependence between defence and national infrastructure varies across these basic services. This combination creates a very complex dynamic system. Review of Defence locations usually start with the logical system boundary the fence that surrounds the site. Infrastructure considerations which link and support the sites, these are viewed as external to Defence and as such beyond the Defence Organisational influence, missing the strong interdependency found "over the fence". This paper describes an approach to understand the dependencies and fragilities which impact defence resilience. This resilience approach identifies potential impacts on defence capability, points/areas of failure when data sets are combined from both internal and external sources. A number of themes emerged from the analysis including strategic shocks, chronic stressors (e.g. perpetually under-resourced areas), divergent views (e.g. alternative lines of command / priorities), vulnerabilities, graceful degradation (e.g. aging assets) and future plans. In order to achieve this, we extracted data from many Defence inputs such as: the industry policy statements, estate management, logistics supply chains and the Force Structure Review / force mix assumptions and scenarios. In addition, external data was accessed from sources such as Northern Territory government, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Attorney Generals Department / Critical Infrastructure Protection Modelling Agency, Engineers Australia, and Geoscience Australia. This dataset was used to cross reference the subject matter expert (SME) views collected at workshops and via surveys. This allowed SMEs to provide the impact the historical events that impacted Defence activities, and for those impacts to be categorised into themes, case studies and exemplars. This work demonstrates the impact of critical infrastructure on Defence capability, and highlights the importance of a resilient infrastructure. Actions that bring about change in a specific area often lead to unanticipated and potentially unwanted consequences elsewhere. Treating resilience as a component of the defence system recognises that our world is changing and that changes occur often in an interlinked way.
Modeling Wolverine Occurrence Using Aerial Surveys of Tracks in Snow

Abstract We designed a novel approach to determining extent of distribution and area of occupancy for wolverines (Gulo gulo) by using aerial surveys of tracks in snow and hierarchical spatial modeling. In 2005 we used a small, fixed-wing aircraft with pilot and one observer to search 575 of 588 survey units for wolverine tracks in approximately 60,000 km2 of boreal forest in northwestern Ontario, Canada. We used sinuous flight paths to scan open areas in the forest in the 100-km2 survey units. We detected tracks in 138 (24%) of the 575 sampled units. There was strong evidence of occurrence (probability of occurrence >0.80) in 30% of the 588 survey units, weak evidence of occurrence (0.50–0.80) in 12%, weak evidence of absence (0.20–0.50) in 15%, and strong evidence of absence (<0.20) in 43%. Wolverine range comprised 59% of the study area and area of occupancy was 33,400 km2. With information on probability of occurrence and core areas of occupation for wolverines in our study area, resource managers and others can examine factors that influence wolverine distribution patterns and use this information to formulate best management practices that will maintain wolverines on the landscape in the face of increasing resource development. Comparing future survey results with those of our 2005 survey will provide an objective way to assess the efficacy of management practices.
Vertical distributions of nitrogen-fixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean

In large areas of the world's oceans, biological dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation supports a significant fraction of ecosystem productivity; to date, however, there is little information on the abundances of specific diazotrophs in the ocean. In this study, the vertical distributions of several different groups of N 2 -fixing bacteria were examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) amplification of group-specific dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) genes from Stn ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Depth distributions ( 700 μmol quanta m -2 s -1 ), nitrate-depleted ( 100 m). These results revealed differences in the depth distributions of N 2 -fixing plankton at Stn ALOHA, and suggest that unicellular diazotrophs comprise a significant component of plankton biomass in this oligotrophic marine ecosystem.
Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Tennis-Specific Performance in Well-Trained Players

Abstract This study examined the physiological, physical and technical responses to repeated-sprint training in normobaric hypoxia [RSH, inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) 14.5%] vs. normoxia (RSN, FiO2 20.9%). Within 12 days, eighteen well-trained tennis players (RSH, n=9 vs. RSN, n=9) completed five specific repeated-sprint sessions that consisted of four sets of 5 maximal shuttle-run sprints. Testing sessions included repeated-sprint ability and Test to Exhaustion Specific to Tennis (TEST). TEST’s maximal duration to exhaustion and time to attain the ‘onset of blood lactate accumulation’ at 4 mMol.L−1 (OBLA) improvements were significantly higher in RSH compared to RSN. Change in time to attain OBLA was concomitant with observations similar in time to the second ventilatory threshold. Significant interaction (P=0.003) was found for ball accuracy with greater increase in RSH (+13.8%, P=0.013) vs. RSN (–4.6%, P=0.15). A correlation (r=0.59, P<0.001) was observed between change in ball accuracy and TEST’s time to exhaustion. Greater improvement in some tennis-specific physical and technical parameters was observed after only 5 sessions of RSH vs. RSN in well-trained tennis players.
1 A Basic Investigation on Low-energy Ion Irradiation Effect on Lives — Low-energy ion irradiation of naked DNA

Low-energy ions are everywhere, from arrivals of natural cosmic particles at the earth to biological and medical applications of manmade accelerator and plasma generated ions. When the low-energy ions irradiate biological cells, the basic effect is induction of mutation or killing of lives. Because of this effect, low-energy ion irradiation has widely been applied for mutation breeding and sterilization. However, some fundamentals involved in the applications are not yet well understood. Furthermore, biological effects from slow-down space particles and radiotherapy ions on genetic mutations are also not yet very clear. Some critical puzzles include whether the lowenergy ion irradiation induced biological effect is a direct or indirect interaction consequence, what changes occur in DNA irradiated by low-energy ions, and what the lowest ion energy limit is to cause mutation. To look for answers, this investigation applies both experimental and computer simulation means, in which ions at energy from keV down to eV are used to bombard naked plasmid DNA, followed by checking DNA structure changes. In the experiment, nitrogen and argon ions at keV energy generated from low-energy ion accelerators or plasma bombarded naked plasmid DNA in vacuum to low fluences in orders of 10-10 ions/cm and the samples were analyzed using electrophoresis and sequencing. Results show that the low-energy ion irradiation of naked DNA can indeed cause DNA damage in the forms of single strand breakage, double strand breakage and multiple double strand breakage, which are the bases of mutation of biological organisms. Lighter nitrogen ions are found more effective in induction of mutation than heavier argon ions. Molecular dynamics simulation of ion bombardment of naked DNA reveals that ion interaction with DNA is not random but preferential. This presentation reports related details.
Destination Segmentation: A Recommended Two-Step Approach

Tourism segmentation studies have traditionally developed segmentation variables from secondary data or a review of the literature. Based on stakeholder theory, this study recommends a two-step approach to destination segmentation, incorporating the views of multiple stakeholders. This article details the recommended segmentation approach using one Australian destination. Step 1 involves understanding how multiple stakeholders viewed their market to identify relevant segmentation variables. Step 2 involves segmenting the destination based on the variables identified in step 1. When compared with segments currently used by the destination marketing organization, the segments derived from the two-step approach to segmentation capture more of the tourists visiting the area. Segmentation guides budgetary decision making, and the proposed two-step approach to segmentation may assist tourism destinations to maximize limited resources by targeting more of the types of tourists who are frequenting the destination.
Mixed-Phase (2H and 1T) MoS2 Catalyst for a Highly Efficient and Stable Si Photocathode

We describe the direct formation of mixed-phase (1T and 2H) MoS2 layers on Si as a photocathode via atomic layer deposition (ALD) for application in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of water to hydrogen. Without typical series-metal interfaces between Si and MoS2, our p-Si/SiOx/MoS2 photocathode showed efficient and stable operation in hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). The resulting performance could be explained by spatially genuine device architectures in three dimensions (i.e., laterally homo and vertically heterojunction structures). The ALD-grown MoS2 overlayer with the mixed-phase 1T and 2H homojunction passivates light absorber and surface states and functions as a monolithic structure for effective charge transport within MoS2. It is also beneficial in the operation of p-i-n heterojunctions with inhomogeneous barrier heights due to the presence of mixed-phase cocatalysts. The effective barrier heights reached up to 0.8 eV with optimized MoS2 thicknesses, leading to a 670 mV photovoltage enhancement without employing buried Si p-n junctions. The fast-transient behaviors via light illumination show that the mixed-phase layered chalcogenides can serve as efficient cocatalysts by depinning the Fermi levels at the interfaces. A long-term operation of ~70 h was also demonstrated in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.
Illusionism as a Theory of Consciousness

Theories of consciousness typically address the hard problem. They accept that phenomenal consciousness is real and aim to explain how it comes to exist. There is, however, another approach, which holds that phenomenal consciousness is an illusion and aims to explain why it seems to exist. We might call this eliminativism about phenomenal consciousness. The term is not ideal, however, suggesting as it does that belief in phenomenal consciousness is simply a theoretical error, that rejection of phenomenal realism is part of a wider rejection of folk psychology, and that there is no role at all for talk of phenomenal properties — claims that are not essential to the approach. Another label is ‘irrealism’, but that too has unwanted connotations; illusions themselves are real and may have considerable power. I propose ‘illusionism’ as a more accurate and inclusive name, and I shall refer to the problem of explaining why experiences seem to have phenomenal properties as the illusion problem. Although it has powerful defenders — pre-eminently Daniel Dennett — illusionism remains a minority position, and it is often dismissed out of hand as failing to ‘take consciousness seriously’ (Chalmers, 1996). The aim of this article is to present the case for illusionism. It will not propose a detailed illusionist theory, but will seek to persuade the reader that the illusionist research programme is worth pursuing and that illusionists do take consciousness seriously — in some ways, more seriously than realists do.
Toward Universal Dependencies for Shipibo-Konibo

We present an initial version of the Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank for Shipibo-Konibo, the first South American, Amazonian, Panoan and Peruvian language with a resource built under UD. We describe the linguistic aspects of how the tagset was defined and the treebank was annotated; in addition we present our specific treatment of linguistic units called clitics. Although the treebank is still under development, it allowed us to perform a typological comparison against Spanish, the predominant language in Peru, and dependency syntax parsing experiments in both monolingual and cross-lingual approaches.
Structural Development Accounting

We construct and estimate a unified model combining three of the main sources of cross-country income disparities: differences in factor endowments, barriers to technology adoption and the inappropriateness of frontier technologies to local conditions. The key components are different types of workers, distortions to capital accumulation, directed technical change, costly adoption and spillovers from the world technology frontier. Despite its parsimonious parametrization, our empirical model provides a good fit of GDP data for up to 86 countries in 1970 and 122 countries in 2000. Removing barriers to technology adoption would increase the output per worker of the average non-OECD country relative to the US from 0.19 to 0.61, while increasing skill premia in all countries. Removing barriers to trade in goods amplifies income disparities, induces skill-biased technology adoption and increases skill premia in the majority of countries. These results are reverted if trade liberalization is coupled with international IPR protection.
Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

There are many environmental benefits to incorporating cover crops into crop rotations, such as their potential to decrease soil erosion, reduce nitrate (NO3) leaching, and increase soil organic matter. Some of these benefits impact other agroecosystem processes, such as greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, there is not a consensus in the literature regarding the effect of cover crops on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Compared to site-specific studies, meta-analysis can provide a more general investigation into these effects. Twenty-six peer-reviewed articles including 106 observations of cover crop effects on N2O emissions from the soil surface were analyzed according to their response ratio, the natural log of the N2O flux with a cover crop divided by the N2O flux without a cover crop (LRR). Forty percent of the observations had negative LRRs, indicating a cover crop treatment which decreased N2O, while 60% had positive LRRs indicating a cover crop treatment which increased N2O. There was a significant interaction between N rate and the type of cover crop where legumes had higher LRRs at lower N rates than nonlegume species. When cover crop residues were incorporated into the soil, LRRs were significantly higher than those where residue was not incorporated. Geographies with higher total precipitation and variability in precipitation tended to produce higher LRRs. Finally, data points measured during cover crop decomposition had large positive LRRs and were larger than those measured when the cover crop was alive. In contrast, those data points measuring for a full year had LRRs close to zero, indicating that there was a balance between periods when cover crops increased N2O and periods when cover crops decreased emissions. Therefore, N2O measurements over the entire year may be needed to determine the net effect of cover crops on N2O. The data included in this meta-analysis indicate some overarching crop management practices that reduce direct N2O emissions from the soil surface, such as no soil incorporation of residues and use of non-legume cover crop species. However, our results demonstrate that cover crops do not always reduce direct N2O emissions from the soil surface in the short term and that more work is needed to understand the full global warming potential of cover crop management.
Sensitivity of Tropical Rainfall to Banda Sea Diffusivity in the Community Climate System Model

Abstract Several observational studies suggest that the vertical diffusivity in the Indonesian marginal seas is an order of magnitude larger than in the open ocean and what is used in most ocean general circulation models. The experiments described in this paper show that increasing the background diffusivity in the Banda Sea from the commonly used value of 0.1 cm2 s−1 to the observed value of 1 cm2 s−1 improves the watermass properties there by reproducing the observed thick layer of Banda Sea Water. The resulting reduced sea surface temperatures lead to weaker convection and a redistribution of precipitation, away from the Indonesian seas toward the equatorial Indian and Pacific Oceans. In particular, the boreal summer precipitation maximum of the Indonesian seas shifts northward from the Banda Sea toward Borneo, which reduces a longstanding bias in the simulation of the Austral–Asian Monsoon in the Community Climate System Model. Because of the positive feedback mechanisms inherent in tropical atmosphe.