Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude mathématique et numérique de guides d'ondes ouverts non uniformes, par approche modale. (Mathematical and numerical study of non uniform open waveguides, modal approach)

Cette these s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'etude, a la fois theorique et numerique, de la diffraction d'une onde harmonique par la jonction entre deux guides d'ondes ouverts. Nous demontrons que ce probleme est bien pose. Pour cela, nous utilisons des conditions de rayonnement modales, qui sont fondees sur la representation de la solution dans un guide droit a l'aide des modes guides (lies au spectre ponctuel de l'operateur transverse) et des modes de radiation (lies au spectre continu de l'operateur transverse). Cette representation semble difficile a mettre en oeuvre dans une methode numerique, a cause du continuum des modes de radiation. Comme alternative, nous utilisons des PMLs (Perfectly Matched Layers) pour borner le domaine de calcul dans les directions transverses, ce qui modifie singulierement la nature de l'operateur transverse : il perd son caractere autoadjoint et son spectre devient exclusivement discret. Parmi ses nouveaux modes, se trouvent desormais des modes a fuite, dont les proprietes sont etudiees. Nous expliquons en quoi la perte du caractere autoadjoint implique que le calcul des modes peut etre delicat. Nous expliquons ensuite comment utiliser ces nouveaux modes (formant maintenant un ensemble discret) dans des methodes numeriques pour la jonction entre deux guides d'ondes ouverts (conditions aux limites transparentes fondees sur des operateurs de Dirichlet-to-Neumann, methode multimodale).
The effects of intradermal fentanyl and ketamine on capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia and flare reaction.

UNLABELLED In this study, we evaluated the effects of intradermal fentanyl and ketamine on capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia and axon-reflex flare. In addition, we obtained dose-response curves for possible local anesthetic effects. Saline (200 microL) and either fentanyl (1 microg or 10 microg in 200 microL) or ketamine (100 microg or 1000 microg in 200 microL) were injected simultaneously into the central volar forearm of 12 healthy volunteers. Nine minutes later, capsaicin (10 microg in 20 microL) was injected intracutaneously exactly between the two injection sites. Areas of touch-evoked allodynia and pinprick hyperalgesia, as well as intensity of pinprick hyperalgesia at the injection sites and axon-reflex flare, were evaluated. Fentanyl did not affect the area or intensity of secondary hyperalgesia. Only the larger concentration of fentanyl locally diminished axon-reflex flare without affecting mechanical detection thresholds. Inhibitory effects of ketamine on intensity of secondary hyperalgesia and axon reflex flare were observed only in the larger concentration. However, this concentration also clearly elevated mechanical detection thresholds. No inhibitory effects of ketamine in the smaller concentrations were observed. We conclude that fentanyl inhibits neuropeptide release on peripheral application without modulating secondary hyperalgesia. Ketamine failed to inhibit both secondary hyperalgesia and axon reflex flare as long as nonlocal anesthetic concentrations were applied. IMPLICATIONS We investigated the peripheral effects of fentanyl and ketamine on capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia and axon-reflex flare. In large concentrations, the opioid diminished axon-reflex flare without effects on secondary hyperalgesia. We found no evidence for the involvement of endogenous glutamate in secondary hyperalgesia or axon reflex flare.
The impact of overactive bladder on quality of life in south of China

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in South of China, to assess the variation in prevalence by sex and age, and to measure the impact of OAB on quality of life. A population-based, cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with a questionnaire regarding the prevalence of OAB, demographics, and the impact of OAB on quality of life. A geographically stratified random sample of men and women aged ≥30 years was selected. The overall prevalence of OAB was 26.5% (male, 18%; female, 28.7%). Of a total of 265 participants with OAB, 36.8% and 18.2% reported moderate or severe impact on their daily life and sexual life (6.5% and 2.9%, respectively, in participants without OAB). Anxiety and depression were reported by 21.2% and 38.3% of participants with OAB, respectively (8.9% and 23.6%, respectively, in participants without OAB). Only 23.5% of participants with OAB had consulted a doctor for their voiding symptoms, but 45.6% of respondents with OAB were willing to visit a hospital for the management of their OAB symptoms. This study confirmed that OAB symptoms are highly prevalent in Korea, and many sufferers appear to have actively sought medical help. OAB has severe effects on daily and sexual life as well as psychological health. Published by www.inter-use.com. Available online March 16, 2016, Vol. 4 Iss. 2, Page 19-23.
Influence of urea–calcium mixtures as rumen slow-release feed on in vitro fermentation using a gas production technique

In this experiment the effects of different urea products (urea [U] and urea–calcium mixtures [UCM]) on rumen fermentation were investigated in dependence of different energy sources by using in vitro techniques. The 7 × 2 factorial arrangement followed a completely randomised design using seven urea products (U100, U40CaCl2, U50CaCl2, U60CaCl2, U40CaSO4, U50CaSO4 and U60CaSO4) in combination with cassava chips (CC) or corn meal (CM). Compared with other treatments, the cumulative gas production (96 h) was significantly increased for U60CaCl2 + CC and U60CaSO4 + CC (p < 0.01), which was combined with a higher in vitro true digestibility (p < 0.01). In addition, the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the fluid of U60CaCl2 + CC and U60CaSO4 + CC was significantly higher than in other treatments. Urea treatments (U100 + CC and U100 + CM) caused the highest concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.01), which was significantly decreased by all UCM products in combination with CC, but not with CM. The highest levels of total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes and anaerobic fungi were found for treatment U60CaCl2 + CC and U60CaSO4 + CC (p < 0.05). The findings revealed that the utilisation of U60CaCl2 and U60CaSO4 in combination with cassava chips improved the ruminal fluid fermentation in terms of NH3-N and volatile fatty acid concentration, digestibility of energy and increased the fibrobacter concentrations.
Towards robust, content based techniques for image authentication

This paper is focused on image authentication, as the process of evaluating the integrity of image contents relative to the original picture and of being able to detect, in an automatic way, malevolent image modifications. The paper begins with a description of a general framework for content based authentication of images and video. Then, a specific method is proposed. It relies on image edges and tries to tackle the problem of image/video integrity from a semantic, high-level point of view. Experimental results are presented for well known image and video sequences.
Emergent repair of acute thoracic aortic catastrophes: a comparative analysis.

OBJECTIVE To provide a contemporary institutional comparative analysis of expedient correction of acute catastrophes of the descending thoracic aorta (ACDTA) by traditional direct thoracic aortic repair (DTAR) or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). DESIGN Single-center retrospective review (April 2001-January 2010). SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS One hundred patients with ACDTA treated with either TEVAR (n = 76) or DTAR (n = 24). Indications for repair included ruptured degenerative aneurysm (n = 41), traumatic transection (n = 27), complicated acute type B dissection (n = 20), penetrating ulcer (n = 4), intramural hematoma (n = 3), penetrating injury (n = 3), and embolizing lesion (n = 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographics and 30-day and late outcomes were analyzed using multivariate analysis over a mean follow-up of 33.8 months. RESULTS Among the 100 patients, mean (SD) age was 58.5 (17.3) years (range, 18-87 years). Demographics and comorbid conditions were similar between the 2 groups, except more patients in the DTAR group had prior aortic surgery (P = .02) and were older (P = .01). Overall 30-day mortality was significantly better among the TEVAR group (8% vs 29%; P = .007). Incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, stroke, and paraplegia/paresis was similar between the 2 treatment groups (TEVAR, 5%, 12%, 8%, and 8% vs DTAR, 13%, 13%, 9%, and 13%, respectively). Major respiratory complications were lower in the TEVAR group (16% vs 48%; P < .05). Mean length of hospital stay was also shorter after TEVAR (13.5 vs 16.3 days; P = .30). Independent predictors of patient mortality included age (P = .004) and DTAR (P = .001). CONCLUSION Patients presenting with ACDTA are best treated with TEVAR whenever feasible.
Identification of novel lysosomal matrix proteins by proteome analysis

The lysosomal matrix is estimated to contain about 50 different proteins. Most of the matrix proteins are acid hydrolases that depend on mannose 6‐phosphate receptors (MPR) for targeting to lysosomes. Here, we describe a comprehensive proteome analysis of MPR‐binding proteins from mouse. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts defective in both MPR (MPR 46‐/– and MPR 300‐/–) are known to secrete the lysosomal matrix proteins. Secretions of these cells were affinity purified using an affinity matrix derivatized with MPR46 and MPR300. In the protein fraction bound to the affinity matrix and eluted with mannose 6‐phosphate, 34 known lysosomal matrix proteins, 4 candidate proteins of the lysosomal matrix and 4 non‐lysosomal contaminants were identified by mass spectrometry after separation by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis or by multidimensional protein identification technology. For 3 of the candidate proteins, mammalian ependymin‐related protein‐2 (MERP‐2), retinoid‐inducible serine carboxypeptidase (RISC) and the hypothetical 66.3‐kDa protein we could verify that C‐terminally tagged forms bound in an M6P‐dependent manner to an MPR‐affinity matrix and were internalized via MPR‐mediated endocytosis. Hence these 3 proteins are likely to represent hitherto unrecognized lysosomal matrix proteins.
Learning by adapting representations in genetic programming

Machine learning aims towards the acquisition of knowledge, based either on experience from the interaction with the external environment or by analyzing the internal problem-solving traces. Genetic programming (GP) has been effective in learning via interaction, but so far there have not been any significant tests to show that GP can take advantage of its own search traces. This paper demonstrates how an analysis of the evolution trace enables the genetic search to discover useful genetic material and to use it in order to accelerate the search process. The key idea is that of genetic material discovery which enables a restructuring of the search space so that solutions can be much more easily found. <<ETX>>
Tree-Structured Stick Breaking Processes for Hierarchical Data

Many data are naturally modeled by an unobserved hierarchical structure. In this paper we propose a flexible nonparametric prior over unknown data hierarchies. The approach uses nested stick-breaking processes to allow for trees of unbounded width and depth, where data can live at any node and are infinitely exchangeable. One can view our model as providing infinite mixtures where the components have a dependency structure corresponding to an evolutionary diffusion down a tree. By using a stick-breaking approach, we can apply Markov chain Monte Carlo methods based on slice sampling to perform Bayesian inference and simulate from the posterior distribution on trees. We apply our method to hierarchical clustering of images and topic modeling of text data.
The utility of behavioral models and modules in molecular analyses of social behavior

It is extremely difficult to trace the causal pathway relating gene products or molecular pathways to the expression of behavior. This is especially true for social behavior, which being dependent on interactions and communication between individuals is even further removed from molecular‐level events. In this review, we discuss how behavioral models can aid molecular analyses of social behavior. Various models of behavior exist, each of which suggest strategies to dissect complex behavior into simpler behavioral ‘modules. ’ The resulting modules are easier to relate to neural processes and thus suggest hypotheses for neural and molecular function. Here we discuss how three different models of behavior have facilitated understanding the molecular bases of aspects of social behavior. We discuss the response threshold model and two different approaches to modeling motivation, the state space model and models of reinforcement and reward processing. The examples we have chosen illustrate how models can generate testable hypotheses for neural and molecular function and also how molecular analyses probe the validity of a model of behavior. We do not champion one model over another; rather, our examples illustrate how modeling and molecular analyses can be synergistic in exploring the molecular bases of social behavior.
Learning naive Bayes classifiers from positive and unlabelled examples with uncertainty

Traditional classification algorithms require a large number of labelled examples from all the predefined classes, which is generally difficult and time-consuming to obtain. Furthermore, data uncertainty is prevalent in many real-world applications, such as sensor network, market analysis and medical diagnosis. In this article, we explore the issue of classification on uncertain data when only positive and unlabelled examples are available. We propose an algorithm to build naive Bayes classifier from positive and unlabelled examples with uncertainty. However, the algorithm requires the prior probability of positive class, and it is generally difficult for the user to provide this parameter in practice. Two approaches are proposed to avoid this user-specified parameter. One approach is to use a validation set to search for an appropriate value for this parameter, and the other is to estimate it directly. Our extensive experiments show that the two approaches can basically achieve satisfactory classification performance on uncertain data. In addition, our algorithm exploiting uncertainty in the dataset can potentially achieve better classification performance comparing to traditional naive Bayes which ignores uncertainty when handling uncertain data.
PE Is Not for Me

This study used hegemonic masculinity theory to examine the intersection of masculinities and school physical education from the perspectives of boys who embodied masculinities that were marginalized. Over a 13-week period using present-focused, student-centered, qualitative methodological approaches, we observed, interviewed, and worked in small groups with 5 middle school boys from two schools. We identified three significant themes that merge the stories and experiences of masculinity hierarchies in sport-based physical education. First, we found that four social practices (content, pedagogies, teacher-student relationships, and peer cultures) in these physical education settings privileged some masculinities over others. Second, we examined the role that embodiment played, both in how the boys wore their oppression and in how their bodies resisted marginalizing situations. Third, we describe the contrasts these boys drew between physical activities experienced in sport-based physical education and physical activity experiences in other areas of their lives. We used Connell and Messerschmidt's (2005) reconceptualization of the theory of hegemonic masculinity for understanding how competitive sport-based physical education functioned to oppress boys with masculinities that were deemed abnormal. Additionally, we introduce feminist poststructuralism as a possible theoretical lens for interpreting boys' bodies as also being active agents in social practices rather than being only passive objects who are oppressed and dominated.
Preliminary study for smoother vibrotactile flow generation on thin plates by using piezoelectric actuators

This paper presents a preliminary study on a new vibrotactile rendering method which can make smoother directional vibrotactile flows on a thin plate. Both by actuating two piezoelectric actuators sequentially from one side to the opposite side and by controlling amplitude-modulated input excitation frequency from zero to the 1st mode of the resonant frequency of a thin plate, a user can feel a smoother directional vibrotactile flows on his/her palm as he/she touches the surface of the thin plate. Experimental results and a user study show that the proposed vibrotactile flow is smoother than the vibrotactile flow that can be generated by the traditional apparent tactile movement and phantom sensation generation methods. The smooth directional vibrotactile flow may be useful for identifying callers or give directional information in navigation maps in mobile devices.
PREGNANCY TEST WITH THE MALE TOAD (BUFO VIRIDIS)

LITERATURE. IN 1947 Mainini described a simple and rapid test for the diagnosis of pregnancy in women, employing the male toad (Bufo armarum Hensel) as the test animal. The urine or pregnant women, when injected subcutaneously into the iymph sac of the toad, elicits extrusion of spermatozoa, which may be detected in the urine of the animal within I to 3 hours after the injection. Some drops of urine are easily obtained from the cloaca by introducing a glass pipette. At the same time, Robbins, Parker and Bianco (1947) described the same reaction in the male South African clawed frog (Xemopus laevis). Mainini’s results were confirmed by Haines (1948). According to Bregman (1949) the use of Palestinian frogs for pregnancy tests seemed to be feasible. We are deeply obliged to Dr. Bregman who taught us his technique. In view of such findings we were encouraged to study the possibility of the utilization of the Palestinim toad Bufo viridis for pregnancy diagnosis with human urine. Furthermore, we decided to study the use of Ram for this purpose and our results with this frog will be reported later.
Measuring Attentional Demand in Continuous Dual-task Performance

Despite its intuitive appeal, the commonly held assumption that there is some general limitation on dual-task performance has been shown to be seriously flawed (Allport 1980; Navon 1984). Central to this has been the inability to measure the attentional demands of tasks, without which there is no way to determine whether their joint demands exceed the hypothetical general limit. In the absence of such a measure, dual-task interference can always be explained by the alternative possibility that specific interference has occurred. A method is described in which the attentional demands of tasks can be measured and cross validated by the use of two scales. Two experiments are described in which a general attentional limit is found; the measurement of attentional demand is consistent across scales and can be made at a level of precision approximating that of an interval scale.
Reengineering Process for Mobile Component Patterns

Many reengineering approaches have focused on extracting an abstract representation through syntax analysis of legacy source codes. So, recovery of rationale behind the design decision, such as domain specific semantics and roles, has been ignored. In this paper, we suggest the architecture based reengineering approach using design patterns. A design pattern, as core element of software architecture, has integrated the concept of standardization about certain domain and expert experience into a set of related components that can perform specific functionality with better structure. We describe the reengineering process that defines the architecture of target system by refining architecture information of legacy system extracted through domain analysis, identifies the reengineering patterns that are applicable in that architecture, and completes a target system by mapping the identified reengineering pattern into target architecture. Also, we construct the Servlet2EJB prototyping system transforming servlet programs into EJB components as a case study for realizing our reengineering process.
Differences between proximal versus distal intraorbital optic nerve diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging properties in glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE To analyze in vivo the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) properties of the intraorbital optic nerve at two different levels: Proximal to the optic nerve head (ONH) and distal to the ONH at the level of the orbital apex in glaucoma patients. METHODS Twenty-four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were examined. The categorization into early and severe glaucoma was performed by Hodapp's classification. Fifteen healthy individuals served as controls. DT-MRI was performed with a 3T-MR unit. RESULTS At early stage mean diffusivity (MD) values were higher at the proximal site with respect to the distal site. On the contrary, a decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed only relative to patient stage, independent of optic nerve site. Moreover, at early disease stage an increase in overall diffusivities, was evident at the proximal site, whereas at the distal site a decrease of the largest diffusivity and an increase in both the intermediate and smallest diffusivities were observed. FA and MD measured at the proximal site, had, respectively, the highest sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between healthy and glaucomatous eyes. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first attempt to evaluate in vivo fiber integrity changes along the optic nerve with DT-MRI. Optic nerve degeneration appears to be a process that affects differently the proximal and the distal segments of the optic nerve. The complementary high sensitivity of FA with the high specificity of MD at the proximal site may provide reliable indexes for the identification of glaucomatous patients at early stages.