Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Long-Range Coulomb Effects during Formation of Nanoparticle Agglomerates from Pyrolysis and Combustion Routes †

Two processes of the agglomeration of aerosol particles are investigated. The first process involves silicon aerosol formation by silane pyrolysis in a flow reactor. In the second process, soot aerosol is formed during propane combustion in a Bunsen burner. The agglomerate size and morphology are analyzed by a transmission electron microscope. An imaging system is used to observe agglomerate-agglomerate coagulation and agglomerate sticking to the deposit formed on the surface (tendrils). The movement of agglomerates in the electric field is also studied using the imaging system. It is found that Coulomb interactions are significant during the sticking process and, in particular, they are responsible for the fractal dimension, inferred in the experiments to be significantly lower with respect to the values obtainable from diffusion limited cluster cluster aggregation simulations. However, the mechanism of this interaction is different for silicon and soot agglomeration processes. It is found that the silicon agglomerates are dipoles with net charges equal to zero. By contrast, approximately half of the soot agglomerate population is estimated to be charged with a net charge equal to one elementary unit (positive or negative). The major result is that the Coulomb interactions are observed to hold considerable influence during the process of agglomerate-agglomerate sticking, in particular, encouraging the agglomerate mutual sticking at the tips of the single agglomerates.
A closure study of cloud condensation nuclei in the North China Plain using droplet kinetic condensational growth model

Abstract. Aerosol size distribution and cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) number concentration were measured in the North China Plain from 31 December 2009 to 20 January 2010. The CCN closure study was performed using these data and droplet kinetic condensational growth model. The calculated CCN concentration with the assumption of pure ammonium sulfate aerosol is 40–140% higher than that observed for the supersaturations in this study. A sensitivity test on aerosol solubility and mixing state indicates that 0.2–0.5 mass fraction of ammonium sulfate for internal mixture can lead to a ratio of 0.82–1.30 for the calculated to observed CCN concentrations, and that 0.4–0.7 mass fraction of ammonium sulfate for external mixture results in a ratio of 0.74–1.25 in the North China Plain during the time period of the field observations, suggesting that a relatively simple scheme may be used for CCN prediction in climate models for this region. Finally, we compare the calculated CCN concentrations from the kinetic condensational growth model and the equilibrium model. The kinetic condensational growth model can simulate droplet growth in a time period under a certain supersaturation, while the equilibrium model only predicts whether a certain aerosol can be activated as CCN under that supersaturation. The CCN concentration calculated with the kinetic model is higher than that with the equilibrium model at supersaturations of 0.056% and 0.083%, because some particles that are not activated from the equilibrium point-of-view can grow large enough to be considered as CCN in the kinetic model. While at a supersaturation of 0.17%, CCN concentration calculated with the kinetic model is lower than that with the equilibrium model, due to the limitation of droplet kinetic growth. The calculated CCN concentrations using the kinetic model and the equilibrium model are the same at supersaturations of 0.35% and 0.70%.
Traditional and Matter-of-Fact Financial Frictions in a DSGE Model for Brazil: The Role of Macroprudential Instruments and Monetary Policy

This paper investigates the transmission channel of macroprudential instruments in a closed-economy DSGE model with a rich set of financial frictions. Banks' decisions on risky retail loan concessions are based on borrowers' capacity to settle their debt with labor income. We also introduce frictions in banks' optimal choices of balance sheet composition to better reproduce banks' strategic reactions to changes in funding costs, in risk perception and in the regulatory environment. The model is able to reproduce not only price effects from macroprudential policies, but also quantity effects. The model is estimated with Brazilian data using Bayesian techniques. Unanticipated changes in reserve requirements have important quantitative effects, especially on banks' optimal asset allocation and on the choice of funding. This result holds true even for required reserves deposited at the central bank that are remunerated at the base rate. Changes in required core capital substantially impact the real economy and banks' balance sheet. When there is a lag between announcements and actual implementation of increased capital requirement ratios, agents immediately engage in anticipatory behavior. Banks immediately start to retain dividends so as to smooth the impact of higher required capital on their assets, more particularly on loans. The impact on the real economy also shifts to nearer horizons. Announcements that allow the new regulation on required capital to be anticipated also improve banks' risk positions, since banks achieve higher capital adequacy ratios right after the announcement and throughout the impact period. The effects of regulatory changes to risk weights on bank assets are not constrained to impact the segment whose risk was reassessed. We compare the model responses with those generated by models with collateral constraints traditionally used in the literature. The choice of collateral constraint is found to have important implications for the transmission of shocks to the economy
Linking Process to Outcome: Implicit Norms in a Cross-Cultural Dialogue Program

This paper examines the link between dialogue mechanisms and potential outcomes. Using the “Soliya Connect Program” as a case study, I focus specifically on dialogue norms, distinguishing between explicit and implicit norms of dialogue, and examine how these norms shape the dialogue space. My analysis suggests that as dialogue mechanisms, these norms both enable and constrain participants’ comfort in expressing themselves, and thus can significantly affect the outcomes of the dialogue process.
Collaborative design in a context of sustainability: The epistemological an practical implications of the precautionary principle for design

Sustainable design is an approach that seeks to adopt an ethic of the future, where the vision of the solutions is based on a temporal and spatial perspective that is predominantly long-term and global. Design is characterized by its projective and ambivalent nature, and therefore a conscious effort to anticipate the outcomes of design intentions is crucial. Consequently, all design is inherently laden with uncertainty, doubt, and specifically in some technology-driven design projects - contradictions and controversies. Typically, such uncertainties and contradictions are not considered during the initial phase, since the main goal at this phase is to simplify the problem, and therefore these anomalies are often omitted, as they are seen to be outside the boundaries of the design problem. How can designers consider the uncertainties and contradictions during conceptualization, as well as consider the benefits resulting from their design proposals? Designers in their sustainable design practice must consider (1) the multiple objectives and criteria; (2) the multiple users and user preferences; (3) the multiple design alternatives; (4) the complex changing global situation; and (5) the knowledge from the various disciplines comprising the design project. A collective systems thinking approach to design addresses these concerns. Consequently, the theoretical basis of the precautionary principle is directly in line with this approach to design. This presentation will discuss the epistemological and practical implications of the precautionary principle for design in this context.
The Use of Numerical Applications in the Study of Dental Contacts

This paper seeks to explore the numerical analysis methods used in dentistry in general and those regarding teeth contacts, in particular. Typically, such an analysis consists of the following steps: modelling the actual object, mesh generation, numerical modelling and computer programming. The best known and mostly used of all is the finite element method. The paper also presents other more refined methods, for instance: CATIA and fast Fourier transform. The study of the living tissue based on numerical analysis exceeds the limitations of in vivo experiments but computers can never replicate the body adaptation capacity.
PECULIARITIES IN THE DEMAND FORECAST FOR AN HSRL CONNECTING TWO COUNTRIES. CASE OF KUALA LUMPUR – SINGAPORE HSRL

The High Speed Rail Line (HSRL) between Kuala Lumpur (KL) and Singapore (SP) is aimed at reducing to 90 minutes the travel time between two of Southeast Asia’s most vibrant and fast-growing economic engines. Ineco was hired by the Government of Malaysia to forecast the demand for the future HSRL. The Government of Malaysia played a key role when firstly defining the current situation on the corridor and the features of the HSRL, and then providing Ineco with the studies previously developed by them. Besides the obvious interest in connecting both capital cities, Malaysia wishes to promote the economic development of intermediate cities, whereas Singapore, a 718 square-kilometer city-state and island, is interested in improving its connection with Nusajaya - a Malaysian city that is being developed just across the border and regarded as land reserves. Two kinds of services will be provided on the new rail infrastructure: non-stop services between KL and SP, and services with 6 intermediate stops on the Malaysian side. The aim of this paper is to describe the process to forecast the demand for the HSRL Kuala Lumpur – Singapore by focusing on the peculiarities of an international HSRL. Identifying these aspects at an early stage is vital to get a better demand estimate and to reconsider the HSRL characteristics if necessary. The demand for the new line was calculated by applying a three-step model: generation model, distribution model and modal split model. In 2030, 10 years after the opening year, the HSRL is expected to move 23 - 26 million passengers – baseline and optimistic scenarios, respectively -, which represents an 18.5% share of the total demand on the corridor. The demand for the KL-SP pair will account for 30% the demand for the future HSRL. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016. 3458
Solubility Enhancement and Formulation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Clonazepam with Solid Dispersion Technology

Clonazepam (CLZ) is an anticonvulsant benzodiazepine widely used in the treatment of epilepsy. CLZ is a BCS Class II drug and its bioavailability is thus dissolution limited. The objective of the present study was to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of CLZ by various techniques, using the amphiphilic carrier Gelucire 50/13 in various proportions, to increase its water solubility. Drug-polymer interactions were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Ultra-Violet (UV) spectroscopy. The SDs were characterized physically by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A phase solubility study was performed and the stability constant (Ks) was found to be 275.27, while the negative Gibbs free energy (ΔGotr) indicated spontaneous solubilization of the drug. The dissolution study showed that the SDs considerably enhanced the dissolution rate of the drug. The FTIR and UV spectra revealed no chemical incompatibility between the drug and Gelucire 50/13. XRD patterns and the DSC profiles indicated the CLZ was in the amorphous form, which explains the improved dissolution rate of the drug from its SDs. Finally, mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) were prepared from the optimized batches (kneading method) of solid dispersion, using crospovidone and Doshion P544 resin as superdisintegrants. The tablets were characterized by in-vitro disintegration and dissolution tests. The study of the MDTs showed disintegration times in the range 32.0±0.85 to 20.0±1.30 sec and dissolution was faster than for the commercial preparation. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrated the potential of solid dispersions of a drug with Gelucire 50/13 for promoting the dissolution of the drug and contributed to the understanding of the effect of a superdisintegrant on mouth dissolving tablets containing a solid dispersion of a hydrophobic drug. Keywords: Clonazepam, Gelucire 50/13. Solid Dispersions. Kneading. Tablet. FTIR.
Adaptive Approach for the Integration of Homogeneous Teams

SPEBC (Sistema Personalizado de Evaluación Basada en Computadora), an adaptive computer-based assessment system will generate personalized assignments adapted to the learner’s, knowledge, group and team’s characteristics. The present paper proposes the team personalization, which has its basis on the need of dialog among students. This dialogic activity is considered fundamental to construct meanings in science classroom. The team adaptation will be done grouping students with similar characteristics based on their understanding levels. The team personalization will allow teachers to promote the discussion of the students’ ideas in order to improve the learners’ compression of a given topic.
Freshwater Crustaceans as an Aboriginal Food Resource in the Northern Great Basin

Phyllopods of the genera Triops, Lepidums, and Branchinecta are common inhabitants of many ephemeral lakes in the American West. Tadpole shrimp (Triops spp. and Lepidums spp.) are known to have been a food source in Mexico, and fairy shrimp (Branchinecta spp.) were eaten by the aboriginal occupants of the Great Basin. Where found, these crustaceans generally occur in numbers large enough to supply abundant calories and nutrients to humans. Several ephemeral lakes studied in the Mojave Desert and northern Great Basin currently sustain large seasonal populations of these crustaceans and also are surrounded by numerous small prehistoric camp sites that typically contain small artifactual assemblages consisting largely of milling implements. Although it seems likely that prehistoric peoples would have exploited such a seemingly valuable resource, direct archaeological evidence for phyllopod use thus far has been lacking. Attempts to extract protein residues from certain artifacts found at such lake sites in southern Idaho, as well as the exploration of other avenues of indirect evidence, have recently been undertaken in an attempt to establish the merit of the shrimp camp hypothesis.
A Satisficing Alternative to Prospect Theory

In this paper, we axiomatize a target-based model of choice that allows decision makers to be both risk averse and risk seeking, depending on the payoff's position relative to a prespecified target. The approach can be viewed as a hybrid model, capturing in spirit two celebrated ideas: first, the satisficing concept of Simon (1955); second, the switch between risk aversion and risk seeking popularized by the prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979). Our axioms are simple and intuitive; in order to be implemented in practice, our approach requires only the specification of an aspiration level. We show that this approach is dual to a known approach using risk measures, thereby allowing us to connect to existing theory. Though our approach is intended to be normative, we also show that it resolves the classical examples of Allais (1953) and Ellsberg (1961).
Finding Maximal Cycle-Free Subgraphs in Parallel(Fundamental Studies on Computational Complexity)

: The problem of ﬁnding a maximal vertex-induced subgraph without cycles in a given graph is investigated. Although the parallelizability of this problem is well doubted, it is shown here that this problem can be solved eﬃciently in parallel if the input graph is restricted to one whose diameter is small relative to the number of vertices in it. Moreover, the problem of ﬁnding a maximal vertex-induced subgraph without cycles of a ﬁxed length $k$ in a given graph is also considered. It is observed that this problem is solvable in $RNC$ . Unfortunately, the $RNC$ algorithm is very ineﬃcient. Eﬃcient $NC$ algorithms are then given for small $k’ s$ .
APPLICATION OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM OF MACHINE LEARNING AND BUFFER ANALYSIS IN TORISM REGIONAL PLANNING

Abstract. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geography Information System (GIS) technologies are widely used in ecological analysis and regional planning. With the advantages of large scale monitoring, combination of point and area, multiple time-phases and repeated observation, they are suitable for monitoring and analysis of environmental information in a large range. In this study, support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm is used to monitor the land use and land cover change (LUCC), and then to perform the ecological evaluation for Chaohu lake tourism area quantitatively. The automatic classification and the quantitative spatial-temporal analysis for the Chaohu Lake basin are realized by the analysis of multi-temporal and multispectral satellite images, DEM data and slope information data. Furthermore, the ecological buffer zone analysis is also studied to set up the buffer width for each catchment area surrounding Chaohu Lake. The results of LUCC monitoring from 1992 to 2015 has shown obvious affections by human activities. Since the construction of the Chaohu Lake basin is in the crucial stage of the rapid development of urbanization, the application of RS and GIS technique can effectively provide scientific basis for land use planning, ecological management, environmental protection and tourism resources development in the Chaohu Lake Basin.
Alterations of protein and DNA profiles of Zea mays L. under UV- B radiation

UV radiation is an important stress factor for plants which may result in damage to genetic system and cell membranes and several metabolic processes. UV-B has greater damaging effects on plants because the cell macromolecules such as DNA and protein having strong absorption at 280-320 nm. In the present study, UV-B stress was given to the seeds of Zea mays L. at two different time intervals (30 and 60 min) and that stressed seeds were grown under normal environment condition. The leaves of 10 th and 20 th day seedlings were collected for the analysis of protein and DNA profiles. Protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and DNA was analyzed by Restriction enzymes. When compared with control plants, increased numbers of protein and DNA bands were observed in UV-B treated plants. The present study concluded that the plant synthesis new proteins and DNA under UV treatment for the adaptation to the environmental conditions. These stressed proteins could be used as biomarkers for identification of stressed plant. Identification of quantitative trait loci for UV stress resistance may well be an effective analytical tool. This approach is promising, considering that saturated DNA marker maps are now available for both genetic model plants and crop plants.
Description of chemical mechanism and model evaluation

The :::: This ::::: paper :::::::::: documents ::: the :::::::::::: tropospheric :::::::: chemical ::::::::::: mechanism ::::::: scheme :::: used ::: in ::: the TOMCAT 3-D chemical transport modelhas been updated with the emissions and chemical degradation . ::::: The ::::::: current ::::::: scheme :::::::: includes :: a ::::: more :::::::: detailed :::::::::::: representation ::: of ::::::::::: hydrocarbon ::::::::: chemistry :::: than :::::::::: previously :::::::: included :: in ::: the :::::: model, ::::: with ::: the :::::::: inclusion :: of :::: the :::::::: emission ::: and ::::::::: oxidation of ethene, propene, toluene, butane :::::: butane, ::::::: toluene : and monoterpenes. The full tropospheric chemical mechanism is described and the model is evaluated against a range of surface, balloon, aircraft and satellite measurements. The model is generally 5 able to capture the main spatial and seasonal features of high and low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reactive nitrogen. However, model biases are found :: in ::::: some ::::::: species, some of which are common to chemistry models and some that are specific to TOMCAT and warrant further investigation. Simulated O3 is found to generally lie within the range of ozonesonde observations and shows good agreement with surface sites. The most notable exceptions to this are during winter at high latitudes, when O3 is underestimated, and during summer 10 over North America, when O3 is overestimated. Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 :: of::::: these:::::: biases::: are::: 1) :a:::::::: negative:::: bias :: in :::::::: Northern :::::::::::: Hemispheric : (GOME-2) comparisons suggest that TOMCAT sub-column tropospheric O3 in DJF may also be underestimated outside of the Arctic, particularly near tropical regions. TOMCAT CO is negatively biased during winter and spring in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) when compared to ground-based observations and MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) satellite data. In contrast, CO is positively biased 15 :::::: winter ::: and :::::: spring ::::: CO, ::: and :: a ::::::: positive :::: bias ::: in :::::::: Southern :::::::::::: Hemispheric ::::: (SH) :::: CO throughout the yearin the Southern Hemisphere (SH) . The negative bias in the NH is a common feature in chemistry models and TOMCAT lies well within the range of biases found in other models, while the TOMCAT SH positive bias is at the upper range of positive biases reported in other models. Using two simulations with different boundary conditions highlighted the sensitivity of model performance to the chosen emission dataset when simulating VOCs, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) . VOC measurements show 20
MULTI-CRITERIA METHODS AND MODELS FOR DECISION MAKING IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

Selection of the best supplier in the public procurement process is a typical example of a multi-criteria decision making problem. The purpose of this paper is to present possible approaches for weights determination in order to facilitate decision making in the public procurement process. Considering the fact that criteria weights can affect the final ranking of the alternatives it is very important to access the process of weights assigning with seriousness and responsibility. Adequately estimated weights reduce the possibility of abuse and fraud in the public procurement system. Determination of weights is done based on a subjective approach (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Key Words : Supplier selection, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Multi-criteria decision making, Public procurement, Criteria Weights.
Quality prediction models for telephone-based spoken dialogue systems

The spoken interaction between a human user and an application based on speech technology (e.g. for railway information or telephone banking) gains ground in modern telephone networks. The underlying applications contain speech recognition and understanding components, a dialogue manager, a response generation component, and a component for output of pre-recorded or synthesised speech. The interaction between these components is rather complex, and it is difficult to decide how well individual components have to perform to guarantee an acceptable overall quality for the user.