Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host crop influence on the susceptibility of the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, to Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐73

Studies on the susceptibility of F1 neonates of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from chickpea in Delhi and cotton in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan in northern India, to Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐73, and the impact of host crop diets on insect susceptibility, were carried out by diet incorporation bioassays. The susceptibility of F1 neonates of H. armigera to Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐73 ranged from twofold (LC50 96 h, 84.5–164.2 µg (ai) l−1) for chickpea to about fivefold (LC50 96 h, 51.1–247.7 µg (ai) l−1) for cotton. The F1 neonates of insects collected from pearl millet were twice as tolerant as those collected from cotton and sunflower at Sirsa to B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐73, suggesting that there was an influence of host crops on insect susceptibility. Insects originally collected from cotton fields at Bhatinda and reared for four generations on a chickpea‐based meridic diet were used to initiate host‐specific colonies of H. armigera. These host‐specific colonies were allowed to complete one generation on meridic diets prepared with different hosts, viz., cabbage, cauliflower, chickpea, green pea, pearl millet, and pigeon pea. Larvae of H. armigera were heaviest on the 15th day, and had a higher growth rate on a pigeon pea‐based diet than all other host diets. The larval period was shorter on chickpea and pigeon pea, with higher percentage pupation than all other host‐diets. The pupal weight of H. armigera was greater on chickpea and pigeon pea diets than on other host diets. The growth and development of larvae was significantly poorer on pearl millet diet than on other host diets. The F1 neonates of H. armigera belonging to cabbage, cauliflower, and pearl millet host‐specific colonies were more susceptible than those belonging to chickpea, green pea, and pigeon pea host‐specific colonies to B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐73, suggesting the importance of proteinaceous nutrients in tolerance. The F1 neonates of the pearl millet colony of H. armigera grown on a chickpea‐diet for 4 days were significantly more tolerant to B. thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki HD‐73 than those reared on the pearl millet‐based diet. These studies show the impact of the host diet of H. armigera on tolerance to B. thuringiensis.
Confidentially

We've all made mistakes. When they're serious, most of us would give anything to be able to go back and correct them. We can't, of course.but we can learn from them. And, if the lesson is important enough, perhaps by teaching it to others we redeem our error in some small way. Have you learned from a mistake you made in nursing? if so, please tell us about it.in strictest confidence.and perhaps share it with other nurses on these pages. Any story published will have its details altered to ensure the anonymity of the nurse and patient, and we'll pay $25 for it. Address letters to: Confidential Editor, Nursing80, 132 Welsh Road, Horsham, Pa. 19044.
A Survey on Information Security in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a type of Internet-based computing that provides different services, is a way to increase capacity or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new staff or licensing new software. Cloud computing has gained popularity by providing easy and cost-effective access to IT (Information Technology). However, although it expands existing IT capabilities and although it has gone from being a promising business concept, to one of the fast growing segments; as more and more information about individuals and companies is placed in the cloud, concerns begin to grow about how secure the environment is. Security is one of the main problems that reduces the growth of cloud computing and the complications with privacy and data protection continue to affect the market. Users of cloud services should be vigilant to understand the risks of data breaches in this new environment. This article presents a survey of the different security risks that represent a threat to the cloud due to the nature of the service delivery models of a cloud computing system. On the other hand, works carried out with respect to security are also explored, such as Vigenere, Playfair, Hill and Vernan encryption, proxy re-encryption and Railfence cipher. With this work we hope to provide useful information about cloud computing security.
Identification of a molecular marker linked to apomixis in Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae)

With 1 figure and 1 table Abstract A bulked segregant analysis using RAPD technique was carried out to identify molecular markers linked to apomixis in a Brachiaria humidicola F1 population that segregated 1 : 1 for the mode of reproduction (apomixis and sexual). A marker related to the apo-locus was found. Segregation data, together with this marker were used to generate a map of the region. This marker was located at 4.61 cM of the target locus, and it can be used in deploying marker-assisted selection for mode of reproduction in the hybrid progenies of this species.
In Vivo Stimulation of IkB Phosphorylation Is Not Sufficient To Activate NF-kB

NF-kB is a major inducible transcription factor in many immune and inflammatory reactions. Its activation involvesthedissociationoftheinhibitorysubunitIkBfromcytoplasmicNF-kB/Relcomplexes,followingwhich the Rel proteins are translocated to the nucleus, where they bind to DNA and activate transcription. Phosphorylation of IkB in cell-free experiments results in its inactivation and release from the Rel complex, but in vivo NF-kB activation is associated with IkB degradation. In vivo phosphorylation of IkBawas demonstrated in several recent studies, but its role is unknown. Our study shows that the T-cell activation results in rapid phosphorylation of IkBa and that this event is a physiological one, dependent on appropriate lymphocyte costimulation. Inducible IkBa phosphorylation was abolished by several distinct NF-kB blocking reagents, suggesting that it plays an essential role in the activation process. However, the in vivo induction of IkBa phosphorylation did not cause the inhibitory subunit to dissociate from the Rel complex. We identified several protease inhibitors which allow phosphorylation of IkBa but prevent its degradation upon cell stimulation, presumably through inhibition of the cytoplasmic proteasome. In the presence of these inhibitors, phosphorylated IkBa remained bound to the Rel complex in the cytoplasm for an extended period of time, whereas NF-kB activation was abolished. It appears that activation of NF-kB requires degradation of IkBawhile it is apartoftheRelcytoplasmiccomplex,withinduciblephosphorylationoftheinhibitorysubunitinfluencingthe rate of degradation.
Gene Activation of the Apoptotic Caspase Cascade Following Cryogenic Storage

The improvement in preservation is now critical for support of the newly emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The expanding number of complex biologics banked for therapeutic applications necessitates the development of new preservation technologies. Recent studies in biologic preservation have implicated apoptosis as a contributing factor to cell death. These studies have described the role and extent of apoptotic cell death following cryopreservation but have not addressed investigation into the signaling pathways responsible for program execution. Accordingly, we investigated the role of apoptotic gene activation of caspase3 at the genetic and protein levels following cryopreservation (culture media + dimethyl sulfoxide) in a human fibroblast cell model. Additionally, investigation into the extent of caspase-3 involvement in cell death following preservation in a newly developed cryopreservation medium was performed. In this study we report on the upregulation of transcripti.
Effects of Selected Meteorological Factors on Diurnal Questing of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract The diurnal questing behavior of adult Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) were monitored in the field to determine whether ticks would be collected with greater frequency during certain times of the day and under certain ambient meteorological conditions. Temperature and relative humidity explained a significant amount of the total variation in tick collections. Although both species were collected during every period, I. scapularis adults tended to quest earlier and later in the day when temperatures were lower and relative humidity higher, whereas A. americanum were collected with greater frequency in late morning and early afternoon during periods of higher temperatures and lower humidity. Questing of I. scapularis adults was observed at temperatures as low as -0.6°C, whereas no adult A. americanum were collected below 4.4°C. The questing temperature threshold for I. scapularis adults observed in this study was below that reported previously. The implications of these temporal activity patterns on the assessment of disease transmission risk and sampling bias are also discussed.
Vascular Anatomic Mapping of the Rat Mandible Using Microcomputed Tomography (micro-CT)

METHODS: Eight adult male Sprague-Dawly rats were anesthetized and perfused with a radiopaque compound (3). Micro-CT scans of the left hemimandible were taken at 18-μm voxel size. MicroView imaging software was used to reconstruct the images and analyze the macro-vascular pattern. A brightness threshold of 1000 was used for visualizing and isolating vessels with contrast from the surrounding tissue. The vessels were then systematically identified and compared to previously published anatomical analyses.
DOES INTERSTITIAL INFLAMMATION HAVE A VALUE IN THE BANFF 97 CHRONIC/SCLEROSING LESION SCORING?

Regimen Number of fathered Malformations pregnancies Sandimmune®, MMF, pred 4 (3%) Neoral®, aza and/or pred 47 (33%) tongue tied (3) Neoral®, MMF, pred 35 (25%) polydactyly (1) Neoral®, MMF 2 (1%) Neoral®, ERL, pred 1 (0.7%) Neoral®, sirolimus, pred 1 (0.7%) Gengraf®, MMF, pred 4 (3%) Gengraf®, pred 2 (1%) tacro, MMF, pred 23 (16%) undescended testicle (1) tacro, aza and/or pred 11 (8%) tacro, MMF 1 (0.7%) tacro alone 5 (4%) spina bifida (1) MMF, pred 4 (3%) MMF, sirolimus 1 (0.7%) sirolimus, pred 1 (0.7%) aza=azathioprine, MMF=mycophenolate mofetil, pred=prednisone, tacro=tacrolimus Among the 137 children, the majority were healthy and developing well. There was one major malformation-spina bifida, and five minor anomalies3 tongue tied, 1 polydactyly and 1 undescended testicle for an overall rate of 4.4% (6/137). In the U.S. general population, birth defects occur in approximately 3-5 % of children. CONCLUSION: From the NTPR data analyzed, pregnancies fathered by kidney transplant recipients on new immunosuppressive medications appear similar to that of the general population with regard to the incidence of structural malformations in the newborn.
HRBC Membrane Stabilizing Property of Root, Stem and Leaf of Glochidion velutinum

Glochidion velutinum is a small monoecious tree which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is distributed in India, Burma, Nepal and Pakistan. It is usually found on dry hills. Traditionally the plant is used in the treatment various ailments like cancer, diabetes and wounds. In this study, membrane stabilizing properties of leaf stem and root extract of the plant were investigated on HRBC and compared. Leaf and root was defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted using chloroform, whereas stem powder after defatting was extracted with n-butanol. For all the extracts phenolic, saponins and flavonoids were identified by preliminary phyto chemical screening. HRBC membrane stabilizing potency was performed on human red blood cell suspension. The activity of three extracts was compared with hydrocortisone sodium which was used as the standard. The Chloroform extract of leaf and root, n-butanol extract of stem showed promising results when compared with standard hydrocortisone sodium. Amongst the three extracts chloroform extract of root was found to be the most potent.
Compositions and comparisons of antimicrobial potencies of some essential oils and antibiotics against selected bacteria

The antimicrobial activities of 10 essential oils extracted from various plant species were investigated and compared with the activities of 10 commercial antibiotics against 10 strains of bacteria using agar diffusion method. Although, all the essential oils were active at concentration ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml, their activities were more lower than the commercial antibiotics. However, being natural products the oils have been reported to be much safer than the antibiotics. Another advantage of the essential oils used in this study was their broad spectrum activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS techniques in order to determine their active compounds.
Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis represents a major public health problem for 28 million Americans, 80% of whom are women. Ten million people have osteoporosis, while 18 million more have low bone mass, placing them at increased risk. The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a systemic, skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Some risk factors for osteoporosis have been identified, and others are still being researched. Present risk factors are being female, having a small body frame, being Caucasian, having a family history of osteoporosis, and lacking regular weight-bearing activities. The recent research reviewed here seeks to develop a new risk-assessment questionnaire, examine the influence of different dietary risk factors, and promote osteoporosis education.
Functional diversity (FD), species richness and community composition

Functional diversity is an important component of biodiversity, yet in comparison to taxonomic diversity, methods of quantifying functional diversity are less well developed. Here, we propose a means for quantifying functional diversity that may be particularly useful for determining how functional diversity is related to ecosystem functioning. This measure of functional diversity “FD” is defined as the total branch length of a functional dendrogram. Various characteristics of FD make it preferable to other measures of functional diversity, such as the number of functional groups in a community. Simulating species' trait values illustrates how the relative importance of richness and composition for FD depends on the effective dimensionality of the trait space in which species separate. Fewer dimensions increase the importance of community composition and functional redundancy. More dimensions increase the importance of species richness and decreases functional redundancy. Clumping of species in trait space increases the relative importance of community composition. Five natural communities show remarkably similar relationships between FD and species richness.
OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS CONSUMED IN TURKEY

A total of 413 samples of milk, dairy products, meat and meat products were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in a 2-year survey (2004–2006). One hundred thirty-eight samples were (33.4%) contaminated with S. aureus. A total of 138 S. aureus strains were isolated and identified. Enterotoksin profiles were determined by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Test Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination. Their resistance to nine antibiotics were tested. The contamination rate of the meat product samples (48.7%) was significantly higher than milk and dairy products (23.2%). Most of the strains (60.1%) produced staphylococcal enterotoxins. Four strains produced staphylococcal enterotoxin C and staphylococcal enterotoxin D. All of the strains tested were resistant to many of the nine antibiotics. One strain isolated from feta cheese was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. Penicillin G resistance was the highest (92.7%) among the antibiotics. Seventy-one strains choosen randomly were compared by the DNA macrorestriction patterns obtained from pulsed field gel electrophoresis following Sma I digestion and 33 pulsotypes were determined. Seventy-three strains were characterized by automated ribotyping using Eco RI and 8 ribotypes were determined. The same, as well as different pulsotypes, were identified among strains with the identical ribotyping profile. The presence of enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial resistant strains of S. aureus has become remarkably wide spread in the foods examined and poor
A Data Hiding Method which the Secret Image Exist After Cropping Style Image Resizing

This paper proposed a procedure to preserve the authentication data in a image after it has been resized. Based on the fault tolerance property of secret sharing scheme, the goal of this paper is achieved. Recently, many diﬀerent kinds of display devices are used. It is necessary to modify image size for ﬁtting diﬀerent display devices. Because the resizing methods include image cropping, image smoothing and pixel value interpolation, the hiding data may loss after the resizing process. By means of embedding data in many locations of the host image, the information will preserve after cropping procedure. The hiding data may not delete after the image has been resized. The result is suitable to extend for the video copyright protection between diﬀerent devices. An experiment is also presented.
Regulation of zooplankton biomass and production in a temperate, coastal ecosystem. 2. Ciliates

Seasonal distributions of biomass, egg production, and production rates of the pelagic copepod community were compared to the variation in abundance and size and taxonomic composition of the microplankton in the southern Kattegat, Denmark. Copepod production was episodic and occurred in bursts associated with three net phytoplankton blooms. The seasonal distribution of copepod biomass, on the other hand, was unimodal with peak concentrations in June-July. The vernal increase in copepod biomass coincided with the spring production burst, but copepod biomass was otherwise unrelated to the seasonal variation in copepod production. Specifically, the continuous decline in copepod biomass between early August and late October overlapped the most significant production event during the year (August-September) and must, therefore, have been caused by elevated mortality during this period. Weight-specific egg production rates in several species of copepods were similar and varied in concert. Egg production rates varied significantly with the concentrations of chlorophyll (> 11 pm) and total microplankton biomass but were unrelated or only weakly related to other components of the microplankton (dinoflagellates, nanoflagellates, ciliates, and copepod nauplii). Significant egg production occurred only when concentrations of diatoms and other large phytoplankters were high and ciliates were too dilute to contribute significantly to copepod diet during these production bursts. However, microzooplankton concentrations were sufficient to account for observed egg production rates when these were low during major parts of the year. Although microzooplankton may ensure a nutritionally complete diet throughout the year, integrated annual copepod production appears to depend primarily on episodic net phytoplankton blooms.
Advances in the Study of Coevolution Between Avian Brood Parasites and Their Hosts

The interactions between avian obligate interspecific brood parasites and their hosts provide tractable systems for studying coevolutionary processes in nature. This review highlights recent advances in understanding coevolution in these systems. First, we discuss the evolution and phylogenetic history of avian brood parasitism. Next, we examine coevolved adaptations and counteradaptations in brood parasites and hosts at all stages of the host nesting cycle: those that precede laying of the parasitic egg and those at the egg, chick, and fledgling stages. We then consider the factors that affect the evolution of offense and defense portfolios (the suites of adaptations and counteradaptations across the nesting cycle), and the outcomes of coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and hosts. Ongoing efforts to document the diversity of host defenses and parasite offenses will facilitate understanding of coevolutionary processes and the ecological and evolutionary consequences of species interaction.
Body Composition and Metabolism associated with Genetic Factors, Nutrition, and Metabolomics Data in Adults

the Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Director: Dr. Joachim Heinrich Former Director: Prof. Dr. Dr. H. -Erich Wichmann in cooperation with the Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Director: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Mansmann Chair of Epidemiology: Prof. Dr. Dr. H. -Erich Wichmann (emeritus)
Age structure and age-related performance of sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta)

Abstract Age distributions of sulfur cinquefoil populations were determined on sites that were historically grazed, cultivated, and mechanically disturbed. From 12 sites, a total of 279 reproductively active plants were collected and aged by using herbchronology (counting rings in the secondary root xylem of the root crown) to (1) estimate the age structure of the populations, (2) relate plant size and flower production to plant age, and (3) examine the relation of population age structure to environmental variables and disturbance history. Results indicated that the mean age for all sampled plants was 3.5 (± 1.74 SD) yr and ranged from 1 to 10 yr. Age was not related to number of flowers, plant size (number of stems per plant or plant height), or site disturbance type but was positively correlated with site elevation (P < 0.001). The pooled age distribution from all 12 sites was right-skewed with fewer old plants than young plants. We conclude that sulfur cinquefoil plants sampled in northeast Oregon are able to colonize, establish, and reproduce at disturbed sites rapidly. We suggest that herbchronology may be a useful technique to improve understanding of invasion biology and ecology for invasive plant species that form annual rings. Nomenclature: Sulfur cinquefoil, Potentilla recta L. PTLRC.