Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motor Evoked Potentials From the Pelvic Floor S

Aims: Proper function of the lower urinary tract depends on the integrity of the central and peripheral nervous pathways on multiple levels, and the complexity of this system leaves it susceptible to even minor lesions.While dysfunction of the lower urinary tract is prevalent amongst patients with nervous system disease, e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS), most women with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) have no overt neurological cause. Re¢ned neuro-diagnostic approaches are needed to reveal neurogenicity in these patients. A potential method is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is used routinely to test the motor innervation of limb muscles, but also can be applied to test pelvic £oor e¡erents. To resolve the lack of methodological clarity and the need for normative values for the use of pelvic £oor motor evoked potentials (MEPs), 30 healthy women and 16 women with MS were studied.Methods: The healthy women underwent MEP studies with various stimulus and recording modalities, and, to test reproducibility, 18 of them were retested at a separate session. The women with MS underwent MEP testing as well as urodynamic studies. Results: From the methodological studies of healthy women, the use of invasive concentric needle electrodes was found to be superior to surface electrodes.When applying magnetic stimuli over the sacral region, various methodological problems were encountered. In the healthy women, a large variability of responses was noted, the long-term reproducibility of pelvic £oor MEP latencies was poor, and in some cases responses could not be obtained. In the study of women with MS, prolonged central conduction times were found, along with many cases of unevokable responses, and a poor correlation of MEPs to urodynamic ¢ndings. The problems of obtaining selective recordings from the inaccessible pelvic £oor musculature are discussed, and possible sources of variability in MEPs from the pelvic £oor are considered. By relating the ¢ndings in the present studies to those of others using di¡erent modalities, some re£ections are presented on the nature of the neural pathways to the pelvic £oor activated by magnetic stimulation. As unevokable responses from the pelvic £oor were an occasional ¢nding among the healthy women, it is argued that a pelvic £oor non-response in a patient with suspected corticospinal lesion should be interpreted with care, and should not carry the same clinical signi¢cance as an absent limb response. Conclusions: The inherent limitations of pelvic £oor MEPs are discussed, and it is concluded that while there seems to be only limited clinical value of pelvic £oor MEP testing, there might be some interesting scienti¢c perspectives in studies that aim to control and explain the variability of responses. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:620 ^ 637, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Numerical Approach to Solving the Hall MHD Equations Including Diamagnetic Drift (Preprint)

Abstract : In this paper a second order discontinuous Galerkin method for the Hall MHD equations including diamagnetic drift is developed. The equations are formulated in gas dynamic conservative form and tested on the Brio and Wu MHD shock as well as the GEM challenge magnetic reconnection problem. Solutions compare well with previously published results. The algorithm is easily extended to general geometries.
PointCNN: Convolution On X-Transformed Points

We present a simple and general framework for feature learning from point clouds. The key to the success of CNNs is the convolution operator that is capable of leveraging spatially-local correlation in data represented densely in grids (e.g. images). However, point clouds are irregular and unordered, thus directly convolving kernels against features associated with the points, will result in desertion of shape information and variance to point ordering. To address these problems, we propose to learn an $\mathcal{X}$-transformation from the input points, to simultaneously promote two causes. The first is the weighting of the input features associated with the points, and the second is the permutation of the points into a latent and potentially canonical order. Element-wise product and sum operations of the typical convolution operator are subsequently applied on the $\mathcal{X}$-transformed features. The proposed method is a generalization of typical CNNs to feature learning from point clouds, thus we call it PointCNN. Experiments show that PointCNN achieves on par or better performance than state-of-the-art methods on multiple challenging benchmark datasets and tasks.
The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers

Despite many excellent research papers, we still do not fully understand the motives behind mergers and tender offers or whether they bring an increase in aggregate market value. In their comprehensive review article (from which the above quote is taken), Jensen and Ruback (1983) summarize the empirical work presented in over 40 The hubris hypothesis is advanced as an explanation of corporate takeovers. Hubris on the part of individual decision makers in bidding firms can explain why bids are made even when a valuation above the current market price represents a positive valuation error. Bidding firms infected by hubris simply pay too much for their targets. The empirical evidence in mergers and tender offers is reconsidered in the hubris context. It is argued that the evidence supports the hubris hypothesis as much as it supports other explanations such as taxes, synergy, and inefficient target management. * The earlier drafts of this paper elicited many comments. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the benefits derived from the generosity of so many colleagues. They corrected several conceptual and substantive errors in the previous draft, directed my attention to other results, and suggested other interpretations of the empirical phenomena. In general, they provided me with an invaluable tutorial on the subject of corporate takeovers. The present draft undoubtedly still contains errors and omissions, but this is due mainly to my inability to distill and convey the collective knowledge of the profession. Among those who helped were C. R. Alexander, Peter Bernstein, Thomas Copeland, Harry DeAngelo, Eugene Fama, Karen Farkas, Michael Firth, Mark Grinblatt, Gregg Jarrell, Bruce Lehmann, Paul Malatesta, Ronald Masulis, David Mayers, John McConnell, Merton Miller, Stephen Ross, Richard Ruback, Sheridan Titman, and, especially, Michael Jensen, Katherine Schipper, Walter A. Smith, Jr., and J. Fred Weston. I also benefited from the comments of the finance workshop participants at the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, and Dartmouth College, and of the referees.
MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY IN SERPENTINIZED PERIDOTITES FROM SITE 920 : ITS ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIP TO DEFORMATION FABRICS

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements on serpentinized peridotites from Ocean Drilling Program Site 920 reveal a strong magnetic "fabric," typically characterized by an oblate susceptibility ellipsoid. Curie temperatures and maximum unblocking temperatures near 580°C, as well as petrographic observations, suggest that magnetite is the sole magnetic carrier in the serpentinites. Because the magnetic mineralogy is dominated by coarse-grained magnetite, the susceptibility ellipsoid should provide a three-dimensional image of the average elongation of magnetite grains or grain clusters. Petrographic studies of three orthogonal thin sections from a limited number of samples indicate that the preferred shape orientation of magnetite grain clusters correlates well with the apparent susceptibility maxima and minima in these planes. The magnetite longaxis preferred orientation is typically within -20° of the maximum principal axis of the susceptibility ellipsoid. The close correspondence between the magnetic foliation and the orientation of magnetite-bearing serpentine veins, together with the petrographic evidence for the distribution of magnetite, suggests that the magnetic "fabric" is primarily a reflection of the orientation of these veins. Hence, the AMS ellipsoid may be a more accurate descriptor of the integrated three-dimensional vein orientations than visual orientation measurements made on the split cores.
Pohybová aktivita a tělesná zdatnost českých adolescentů v kontextu zastavěného prostředí

Pohybova aktivita a tělesna zdatnost ceských adolescentů v kontextu zastavěneho prostředi Hlavnim cilem výzkumne studie je odhadnout silu asociaci mezi pohybovou aktivitou, tělesnou zdatnosti a zastavěným prostředim u 11–19letých adolescentů žijicich ve vybraných městech Ceske republiky. Výzkum z let 2013–2016 zahrnuje celkem 1 745 participantů (895 chlapců). Pohybova aktivita byla zjisťovana prostřednictvim dotazniku IPEN Adolescent a soucasně objektivně na zakladě týdenniho monitoringu pedometrem Yamax SW-700, ve vybraných městech navic i akcelerometrem ActiGraph GT1M ci GT3X. Tělesna zdatnost byla testovana s využitim sestavy zaměřene k hodnoceni zdravotně orientovane zdatnosti děti a mladeže dostupne v systemu INDARES. Zastavěne prostředi bylo identifikovano pomoci dotazniku IPEN Adolescent a ve vybraných městech i s využitim geografických informacnich systemů. Výsledky ukazuji, že pouze 43 % adolescentů plni zdravotni doporuceni k pohybove aktivitě (12 tisic kroků za den) a 47 % jedinců lze oznacit za tělesně zdatne. Adolescenti plnici doporuceni k pohybove aktivitě jsou tělesně zdatnějsi než jedinci doporuceni neplnici, přesto vztah mezi pohybovou aktivitou a vybranými indikatory tělesne zdatnosti dosahuje nizke zavislosti. Z výzkumu dale vyplývaji specificke asociace mezi zastavěným prostředim a pohybovou aktivitou, respektive tělesnou zdatnosti, u ceských adolescentů.
Teacher education programs, field-based practicums, and psychological factors of the implementation of technology by pre-service teachers

This study aimed to validate a second-order structural equation model and to predict the relevance of and relationships among four factors (i.e., teacher education programs, experiences from field-based practicums, psychological factors, and the implementation of technology integration). Each factor consisted of three subfactors, and a questionnaire involving the 12 subfactors was developed and completed by 362 Taiwanese pre-service teachers during internships. Data analysis reveals that the obtained data did not violate univariate normality and multivariate normality assumptions. The measurement instrument exhibited construct validity and discriminant validity. The evaluative results demonstrate an adequate fit to the second-order structural model. Furthermore, teacher education programs and psychological factors exerted a substantially positive influence on the implementation of technology integration, whereas field-based experiences exerted only a small effect.
The spin of the black hole microquasar XTE J1550−564 via the continuum-fitting and Fe-line methods

We measure the spin of XTE J1550−564 using the two leading methods: (i) modelling the thermal continuum spectrum of the accretion disc; and (ii) modelling the broad red wing of the reflection fluorescence Fe Kα line. We find that these two independent measurements of spin are in agreement. For the continuum-fitting analysis, we use a data sample consisting of several dozen Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer spectra, and for the Fe Kα analysis, we use a pair of ASCA spectra from a single epoch. Our spin estimate for the black hole primary using the continuum-fitting method is −0.11 < a∗ < 0.71 (90 per cent confidence), with a most likely spin of a∗ = 0.34. In obtaining this result, we have thoroughly explored the dependence of the spin value on a wide range of model-dependent systematic errors and observational errors; our precision is limited by uncertainties in the distance and orbital inclination of the system. For the Fe-line method, our estimate of spin is a∗ = 0.55 +0.15 −0.22 . Combining these results, we conclude that the spin of this black hole is moderate, a∗ = 0.49 +0.13 −0.20 , which suggests that the jet activity of this microquasar is powered largely by its accretion disc rather than by the spin energy of the black hole.
Stem rust resistance in ‘Jagger’ winter wheat

‘Jagger’ has been used widely as a parent to develop hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties throughout the US southern Great Plains. Jagger has resistance to the stem rust pathogen race TTTTF, which is virulent to many winter wheat cultivars, yet the genetic basis of this resistance was unknown. Marker analysis and resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust demonstrated that Jagger has the 2NS/2AS translocation from T. ventricosum (Tausch) Ces. , Pass. & Gilelli. This segment contains resistance genes Sr38, Lr37, and Yr17. Stem rust infection types on Jagger, however, indicated that an additional stem rust resistance gene is present. Jagger is resistant to TTTTF whereas the Sr38 stem rust differential line ‘VPM1’ is susceptible. A BC1F3 population developed from the cross Jagger/2*‘LMPG-6’ was tested with race TTTTF. Resistant and susceptible DNA bulks were genotyped with a custom 9000 SNP Illumina iSelect Bead Chip using bulked segregant analysis. We identified a locus linked with the resistance gene on chromosome arm 4AL, where Sr7 is located. Crosses between Jagger BC1F3 lines resistant to TTTTF and germplasm with Sr7a identified no recombinants, indicating that resistance to TTTTF in Jagger could be conferred by Sr7a. We confirmed the effectiveness of Sr7a resistance to race TKTTF, which caused the stem rust epidemic in Ethiopia from 2013 to 2014. The molecular markers identified in this study may be used to screen for the resistance gene Sr7a and track its presence in breeding programs. M.K. Turner, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; M.K. Turner, current address: Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401; Y. Jin, USDA–ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, and Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; M.N. Rouse, USDA–ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, and Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; J.A. Anderson, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. Received 12 Nov. 2015. Accepted 3 Feb. 2016. *Corresponding author (yue.jin@ars.usda.gov). Abbreviations: KASP, Kompetitive allele specific PCR; LIF, low infection frequency; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; QTL, quantitative trait locus; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; SSR, simplesequence repeat. Published in Crop Sci. 56:1–7 (2016). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.11. 0683 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Published April 15, 2016
Shortest Path Finding Using a Star Algorithmand Minimum weight Node First Principle

The shortest paths, sets of paths with the shortest distance between a single initial (source) point and all other destination points, as well as between all pairs of points, are to be found. For each of these approaches, individual algorithms with specific features have been worked out over the past decades. Graph-like data appears in many applications, such as social networks, internet hyperlinks, roadmaps, etc. and in most cases, graphs are dynamic, evolving through time
COALAS : A EU multidisciplinary research project for assistive robotics neuro-rehabilitation'

The prevalence of chronic neuro-disability, wheelchair use and cost of caring is increasing in Europe and US. The policymakers are advocating research and use of assistive technology as a way to address this challenge. We will describe a multinational and multidisciplinary project ”Cognitive Assistive Living Ambient System COALAS” funded by EU research grant of 1.6 million Euro. Our aim is to develop innovative technology based on robotics and ICT for caring the patients to enhance their independence and quality of life. We adopted a user-centred co-production process. The project has three milestones: expectations and recommendations, design and development, evaluation. This article presents the project methodology and the preliminary results in terms of user recommendations and assistive robotics for user autonomy
Methods for understanding the mobile user experience

Evaluating the user experience is often done in a laboratory. Methods for observing what happens in the wild are nonetheless being employed because they bring results that the traditional methods of evaluation do not yield. In this paper we describe and discuss methods used at our lab for understanding the mobile user experience. These methods range from quantitative to qualitative evaluation, and encompass diverse aspects of the design process. Finally we argue the need for combining different methods to obtain a better picture of real mobile usage.
The Sea Ice Topography of M'Clure Strait in Winter and Summer of 1960 from Submarine Profiles

Submarine profiles of the ice underside in M'Clure Strait were obtained by USS Sargo in February 1960 and by USS Seadragon in August 1960. They gave the first quantitative measurements of the ice draft distribution in the strait and in the nearby Beaufort Sea shelf zone, as well as providing a seasonal comparison of ice conditions within a single year. Analysis of the profiles reveals a region of very high mean ice draft (7.8 m) and heavy ridging off the southwest tip of Prince Patrick Island in winter. Within M'Clure Strait itself the mean ice draft lay in the 4-5 m range and the draft distribution showed that the ice was mainly first-year, as opposed to the mixture of first-and multi-year ice that exists out in the Beaufort Sea. This suggests a local origin for the ice in the strait. Pressure ridges were much more frequent in summer than in winter, as were polynyas. Both the pressure ridge draft distribution (in summer) and the ice draft distribution at great depths (in summer and winter) fitted a negative exponential distribution, in common with other ice profiles which have been analysed. Key words: sea ice, pressure ridges, sonar, M'Clure Strait, Viscount Melville Sound
The most complete and detailed X-ray view of the SNR Puppis A

Aims. With the purpose of producing the first detailed full view of Puppis A in X-rays, we carried out new XMM-Newton observations covering the missing regions in the southern half of the supernova remnant (SNR) and combined them with existing XMM-Newton and Chandra data. Methods. Two pointings toward the south and southwest of Puppis A were observed with XMM-Newton. We combined these data with archival XMM-Newton and Chandra data and produced images in the 0.3−0.7, 0.7−1.0, and 1.0−8.0 energy bands. Results. We present the first sensitive complete X-ray image of Puppis A. We investigated its morphology in detail, carried out a multiwavelength analysis, and estimated the flux density and luminosity of the whole SNR. The complex structure observed across the remnant confirms that Puppis A evolves in an inhomogeneous, probably knotty interstellar medium. The southwestern corner includes filaments that perfectly correlate with radio features suggested to be associated with shock/cloud interaction. In the northern half of Puppis A the comparison with Spitzer infrared images shows an excellent correspondence between X-rays and 24 and 70 μm emission features, while to the south there are some matched and other unmatched features. X-ray flux densities of 12.6 × 10 −9 , 6.2 × 10 −9 , and 2.8 × 10 −9 erg cm −2 s −1 were derived for the 0.3−0.7, 0.7−1.0, and 1.0−8.0 keV bands, respectively. At the assumed distance of 2.2 kpc, the total X-ray luminosity between 0.3 and 8.0 keV is 1.2 ×10 37 erg s −1 . We also collected and updated the broad-band data of Puppis A between radio and GeV γ-ray range, producing its spectral energy distribution. To provide constraints to the high-energy emission models, we re-analyzed radio data, estimating the energy content in accelerated particles to be Umin = 4.8 × 10 49 erg and the
High Status Brands in Low Status Stores, and Vice Versa: Which Status Object Drives Price Premium?

In a number of purchasing situations, consumers are likely to base their value judgment on a combination of the product brand status and the store status. Hence, for owners of the product brand and the store it is important to isolate the status object (product or store) that primarily drives value. In a 2x2 factorial experiment we test this question, and find that consumer willingness to pay is influenced by product and store status, and that these interact in the explanation of value (when measured in terms of willingness to pay).
Odoni's conjecture for number fields

Let K be a number field, and let d⩾2 . A conjecture of Odoni (stated more generally for characteristic zero Hilbertian fields K ) posits that there is a monic polynomial f∈K[x] of degree d , and a point x0∈K , such that for every n⩾0 , the so‐called arboreal Galois group Gal(K(f−n(x0))/K) is an n ‐fold wreath product of the symmetric group Sd . In this paper, we prove Odoni's conjecture when d is even and K is an arbitrary number field, and also when both d and [K:Q] are odd.
Effects of Room-sized Sharing on Remote Collaboration on Physical Tasks

This paper outlines some of the beneﬁts of providing remote users with consistent spatial referencing across sites when collaborating on physical tasks. Two video-mediated technologies are introduced: room-sized sharing that enables remote users to see similar things to what they would actually see if in the same room and a snapshot function that enables users to gesture at remote objects. We examine the impact of these technologies by comparing remote collaboration on physical tasks in a regular video conferencing system with a handy camera versus a room duplication system versus a room duplication system with a snapshot function. Results indicate that room-sized sharing facilitates remote collaborators’ sense of co-presence and supports remote gesturing, which is closely aligned to normal co-present gesturing. Although such beneﬁts did not contribute directly to the overall decrease of task performance, room-sized sharing and the snapshot function helped remote collaborators construct appropriate messages, eﬃciently establish joint focus, and monitor each others’ comprehension when conducting complicated physical tasks.
Iterative Projection Methods in Biomedical Inverse Problems

The convex or quasiconvex feasibility problem and the split feasibility problem in the Euclidean space have many applications in various fields of science and technology, particularly in problems of image reconstruction from projections, in solving the fully discretized inverse problem in radiation therapy treatment planning, and in other image processing problems. Solving systems of linear equalities and/or inequalities is one of them. The class of methods, generally called Projection Methods, has witnessed great progress in recent years and its member algorithms have been applied with success to fully discretized models of inverse problems in image reconstruction and image processing, and in intensity-modulated radiation therapy. We introduce the reader to this field by reviewing algorithmic structures and specific algorithms for the convex feasibility problem, the quasiconvex feasibility problem and the split feasibility problem. Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel