Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training Users to Identify Phishing Emails

Phishing emails pose a serious threat to individuals and organizations. Users’ ability to identify phishing emails is critical to avoid becoming victims of these attacks. The current study examined the effectiveness of a short online phishing training program designed to help users identify phishing emails. Half of the participants were in the training group and the other half worked on a control filler task. The training group’s sensitivity (d′) at correctly classifying emails as legitimate or phishing increased by 1.14 whereas the control group’s sensitivity increased by only 0.48. This difference in d' changes was significant, t(38) = 2.05, p = . 048. This improvement in performance was likely due to users learning how to check reliable cues and interpret them. Despite a sizeable improvement in detecting phishing emails, the training group correctly classified only about two-thirds of phishing emails. Accordingly, a short training program appears beneficial, but a more comprehensive training program would be needed to reduce vulnerability to an acceptable level.
Next generation high-k dielectrics for DRAM produced by atomic layer deposition studied by transmission electron microscopy

Schlusselelemente der heutigen Technologie wie der dynamische random-access memory (DRAM) folgen dem Trend der Miniaturisierung. Das verlangt, dass die dielektrische Schicht, die eine wichtige Komponente in diesen Strukturen ist, dunner wird. Da die Miniaturisierung schnell voranschreitet, nahern sich die Geratekomponenten den fundamentalen physikalischen Limitierungen. Es gibt zwei Hauptstrategien um die Kapazitat zu erhohen, ohne die Dicke der dielektrischen Schicht weiter zu verringern. Eine ist es, Oberflachen zu nutzen die ein hohes Aspektverhaltnis (AV) aufweisen, um die effektive Oberflache zu vergrosern. Die andere ist es, high-k Materialien anstatt SiO2 zu verwenden. Die Schlusseltechnologie um ultra-dunne, high-k dielektrische Schichten gleichmasig und ohne jeglicher Locher auf Substrate mit hohem AV aufzutragen ist atomic layer deposition (ALD, wtl. Atomlagenabscheidung). ALD ist eine Art von chemischer Gasphasenabscheidung, in der die chemische Reaktion in zwei sequenzielle, selbst-limitierende Reaktionen mit der Oberflache aufgeteilt wird, was Filme mit hoher Qualitat und guter Uniformitat gewahrleistet. Plasma-erweitertes ALD (PEALD) ist eine eher neue Erweiterung in der Plasma Teilchen anstatt Wasserdampf zur Oxidierung verwendet werden. In dieser Dissertation wird Arbeit zu PEALD von TiO2 auf Graben mit hohem AV prasentiert und mit Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) untersucht. TEM zeigt, dass die Uberdeckung von PEALD TiO2 auf diesen Substraten verbessert werden kann indem man die Plasma Einwirkungszeit verlangert. Dann wird PEALD von dem high-k Perowskit BaTiO3 (BTO) untersucht. Zuletzt berichten wir die besten elektrischen Betriebseigenschaften fur Al-dotiertes BTO aufgetragen auf einer Zr-dotierten TiN Elektrode. Wir glauben, dass diese Resultate das Sprungbrett fur die nachsten Generationen von high-k dielektrischen Filmen fur DRAM sein konnte.
Strain engineering of electrical conductivity in epitaxial thin Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 film heterostructures

Thin epitaxial films have a great potential to be used in real life applications, such as oxide-on-silicon. However, they often contain a large amount of defects, leading to an enhanced electrical conductivity. This could be desirable in some applications (i. e. memristors), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here we report on the investigation of epitaxial barium strontium titanate thin films deposited on strontium titanate single crystal substrates (Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 /SrRuO 3 //SrTiO 3 heterostructures) with a controlled epitaxial strain. The impedance analysis allowed us to propose a model, which explains changes in the temperature dependence of the conductivity based on the strain-dependent anisotropic change of electron/hole mobility.
Conditional regard, stress, and dyadic adjustment in primiparous couples: A dyadic analysis perspective

Many couples transitioning into parenthood are at risk for dyadic adjustment declines. It is therefore important to explore key, theory-driven deterrents of enduring relationships during this period, as well as potential underlying mechanisms. This study examined the relationship between perceived conditional negative regard (i.e. a behavior that thwarts basic psychological needs; T1), stress (T1), and dyadic adjustment (T2) during the transition to parenthood. Primiparous couples (N = 144) were recruited to fill out an online questionnaire when their babies were 6-months (T1) and 12-months (T2). Path analysis with an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was conducted. Results show that for each partner (actor effects), stress (T1) mediated the link between perceived conditional negative regard (T1), and later dyadic adjustment (T2). For the partner effects, while stress (T1) did not play a mediating role between these variables, other partner effects were found. Each primiparous parent’s perceived conditional negative regard (T1) was associated with the other parent’s later dyadic adjustment (T2). However, when examining longitudinal changes in stress and dyadic adjustment over time (T2, controlling for respective T1), no significant associations were found. Overall, the findings shed light on the dyadic associations of conditional negative regard, and the mechanisms through which it is negatively tied with dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood.
Assessing content knowledge through L2: mediating role of language of testing on students’ performance

ABSTRACT As the content knowledge of English language learners and immigrant students is assessed in their less proficient language, the validity and fairness of assessments related to those students have been widely discussed. However, such assessment issues have not received much attention in rapidly expanding bilingual education programmes, where students learn content subjects through a second/foreign/additional language (L2) and are often assessed in that language. This paper addresses this research gap by examining the mediating effect of language of testing on students’ performance in content subject assessments. 387 question items in the Biology papers of a public examination in Hong Kong were analysed according to their cognitive and linguistic demands. The performance of 480 students (half taking the test in their first language and half in their L2) on the questions with different demands was then analysed with MANOVA and multiple regression. The results show that linguistic demands, especially productive linguistic demands (e.g. writing sentences and texts), had a more significant effect on the performance of students taking the test in their L2. These results underscore the role played by language in the academic achievement of bilingual education students, which in turn illuminate valid assessment design and pedagogy in these programmes.
Does Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation Influence Auditor Selection Strategies?

Under mandatory rotation, the switching cost may be the most influential factor to be considered for experienced mandatory audit rotations. This study attempts to explore the impacts of the mandatory rotation mechanism on company information disclosure and signaling strategies by examining the audit partner and audit firm switching activities of the mandatory rotation company. Are companies that experience mandatory audit rotation more likely to engage industry specialist auditors with better industry-specific knowledge and reputations to minimize the costs of mandatory rotations? Furthermore, in the case of being required to rotate audit partners, do companies rotate only audit partners, rather than changing both audit partners and audit firms at the same time, to minimize switching costs? To explore these problems, this study examined auditor rotations of listed companies in Taiwan from 2004 to 2016; and expected that, to minimize switching costs, mandatory rotation companies are more likely to select industry specialist auditors to be their successor auditors, and are less likely to rotate audit partners and audit firms at the same time. For the audit partner rotations, we find that, compared to voluntarily rotated companies, a higher percentage of companies choose industry specialist auditors to be their successor audit partners under mandatory rotation. Furthermore, the empirical results support our expectations that companies that experience mandatory audit partner rotation are significantly more likely to engage industry specialists to be their successor audit partners and are more likely to rotate only audit partners rather than rotating both audit partners and audit firms around mandatory audit rotation periods.
Effet of edge fluorination and chlorination on structures, stability, electronic and charge transport properties of benzo[o]bistriphenyleno[2,1,12,11-efghi:2',1',12',11'-uvabc]ovalene molecule : DFT study.

We have investigated the structures, electronic properties, hole and electron mobilities of ﬂuorinated and chlorinated nanographene of benzo[o]bistriphenyleno[2,1,12,11-efghi:2',1',12',11'-uvabc]ovalene (TCHG) molecules, us- ing the density functional theory (DFT) and Markus-Hush charge transfer theory. The calculated geometric parameters and the IR spectrum for chlorinated TCHG are in good agreement with the experimental data. Our theoretical investigations have shown that ﬂuorination and chlorination signiﬁcantly reduce the bandgap energy of TCHG. The obtained adiabatic electron aﬃnities (AEAs) values are 2.76 and 2.93 eV respectively, indicating the air-stable materials. The calculation of charge carriers mobilities in chlorinated dimer shows that the mobility of the electrons is ten times that of the holes, suggesting an n-type behavior. We have shown that the ﬂuorination and chlorination of TCHG are promising pathways for the design of new materials useful in optoelectronics
Analysis of the Influence of Various Types of Generation on the Formation of a Daily Schedule of Electrical Loads of the Power System, Taking Into Account Abnormal and Irregular Time Intervals

Today, a complex-closed electric power system includes many generators of various capacities and types, as well as consumers with various load patterns. The balance of generated and consumed power is the most important parameter for the functioning of the system, therefore, in all countries, the practice of planning consumption and generation is applied, at least, a day in advance. However, emergency outages, abnormally high loads during mass events and other factors upset the balance of power systems. More accurately predict the behavior of the system during abnormal periods is an important task for the functioning of the power system. For such purposes, methods of mathematical modeling and machine learning are used in order to process large amounts of data and identify non-obvious patterns and further forecast anomalous periods in the load graph of the power system.
In situ Fe isotopic analyses of fourteen reference materials using a synthetic Cr standard for mass bias and isobaric interference corrections by femtosecond LA-MC-ICP-MS

Highly precise and accurate measurements of Fe isotope ratios for fourteen reference materials from the USGS, MPI-DING and CGSG were successfully carried out using a developed analytical technique by fs LA-MC-ICP-MS. A synthetic standard, i.e., Cr-979S, was produced as a calibration standard for instrumental mass bias and isobaric interference corrections. The results for samples with low Cr concentration (54Cr/54Fe 0.0001), e.g., BHVO-2G, δ56Fe values deviated from reference values when using the standard-sample bracketing method alone. Combining the standard-sample bracketing method with Cr-979S standard corrections and standard sample cone + H skimmer cone, the measured Fe isotopic compositions of GOR128-G and GOR132-G with extremely high Cr concentrations (54Cr/54Fe > 0.01) were identical to reference values within errors (δ56Fe = −0.01 ± 0.13‰, 2SD, n = 18; δ56Fe = 0.00 ± 0.13‰, 2SD, n = 13; respectively). A series of reference materials with varying Cr concentrations, including the USGS reference glasses (BCR-2G, BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, TB-1G, NKT-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G), MPI-DING reference glasses (KL2-G, ML3B-G, GOR128-G and GOR132-G) and CGSG reference materials (CGSG-1 and CGSG-4), were used to test our developed method of in situ Fe isotopic measurements using the combined standard-sample bracketing method and Cr-979S standard corrections by fs LA-MC-ICP-MS. All the reference materials yield relatively homogeneous Fe isotopic compositions with δ56Fe values ranging from −0.03‰ to 0.13‰ and δ56Fe reproducibility is below 0.15‰ (2SD), suggesting that the proposed isobaric interference correction and mass bias correction method is a useful tool for providing high-quality in situ Fe isotopic data of geological samples with both low and high Cr concentrations.
Liquid–liquid extraction performance of circulation-extraction method using a microchannel device

ABSTRACT Microchannel devices are promising tools to intensify the liquid–liquid extraction and reaction processes. To realize multi-stage extraction, which is widely implemented in industrial processes, several microchannel devices are required. However, the use of many microchannel devices, which are relatively expensive, may lead to an increased cost of equipment. To reduce the required number of microchannel devices, in this study, a circulation-extraction method (CEM) was developed. In this approach, aqueous and organic liquids were circulated among the liquid holding vessels and the microchannel device. In this manner, multi-stage extraction could be realized using a single microchannel device, by periodically replacing the extractant in the vessel with the unused liquid. To improve the productivity of multi-stage extraction, the productivity of each extraction stage must be improved by optimizing parameters that affect the productivity. Herein, the effects of different parameters on the extraction performance of the CEM were investigated by performing a single-stage extraction experiment pertaining to the extraction of phenol from dodecane to water. Furthermore, the CEM was compared with the conventional flow-through-extraction method (FTEM), which can achieve the target extraction efficiency by implementing the flow of liquids in the microchannel once, in terms of the space–time yield (STY) and energy consumption (ε). The results indicated that a larger liquid circulation flow rate and channel length in the CEM corresponded to the earlier attainment of the target extraction efficiency. For both the CEM and FTEM, STY was an ascending function of ε. Under the same liquid flow rate, the highest STY was obtained at the shortest channel length for the CEM (755 L-liquid L-channel−1 h−1), and this value was higher than that for the FTEM (584 L-liquid L-channel−1 h−1). Thus, the CEM could effectively replace the FTEM as a multi-stage extraction process performed using only a single microchannel device.
Switching regulator based on switched‐inductor SEPIC DC‐DC converter with a continuous input current for lithium‐ion batteries

Funding information Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico Abstract This study discusses a control strategy applied to the switched-inductor single-ended primary-inductance converter (SEPIC) converter suitable for applications where the voltage delivered by a DC source varies from above or below the nominal value. The SEPIC converter can provide a non-isolated positive output voltage for the above applications; moreover, it exhibits better characteristics when combined with a switched-inductor cell. A design-oriented procedure is given that appropriately selects the elements of the converter for a given output voltage and power delivery requirements. A control scheme with two loops is chosen. A high-gain compensator is used in the inner loop such that the average inductor current follows a current reference. A proportional integral (PI) controller is used in the outer loop for output voltage regulation. The controller was designed using loop-shaping techniques and applied to regulate an output voltage of 21 V. The design was verified with experimental results in a switching regulator where step changes were applied to the load. The performance of the switching regulator was also tested for variations of the input voltage.
Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers
of Land Use and Land Cover Change
in the China-Mongolia-Russia
Economic Corridor

The China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor (CMREC) is the key comprehensive strategic area of the “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)” that would directly accelerate the impact of human activities on land use and land cover change (LUCC). The study firstly clarified LUCC and environmental and socioeconomic driving factors in the CMREC from 1992 to 2015. It will help face the challenges of multinational sustainable development and take more targeted measures with cooperation. The results showed that the ecological environment deteriorated in the CMREC with increasing cropland, unused land, urban areas and grassland. Forest was the largest source of unused land, and urban areas consistently expanded into other areas. Compared with Mongolia and Russia, China had the highest rate of urbanization (19.68%) and experienced a prominent increase in forest revegetation (0.25%). LUCC mostly occurred along the railways, highways and rivers adjacent to vulnerability gravity centres. Overall, the relative importance of socioeconomic factors was higher than that of the environment, and railway was the most important factor. In the long term, human activity, especially national-level policy, had a direct and even far-reaching impact on LUCC.
Robust Distributed Secondary Voltage Restoration Control of AC Microgrids under Multiple Communication Delays

This paper focuses on the robust distributed secondary voltage restoration control of AC microgrids (MGs) under multiple communication delays and nonlinear model uncertainties. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the generators’ local controllers play the role of cooperative agents communicating over a network and where electrical couplings among generators are interpreted as disturbances to be rejected. Communications are considered to be affected by heterogeneous network-induced time-varying delays with given upper-bounds and the MG is subjected to nonlinear model uncertainties and abrupt changes in the operating working condition. Robustness against uncertainties is achieved by means of an integral sliding mode control term embedded in the control protocol. Then, the global voltage restoration stability, despite the communication delays, is demonstrated through a Lyapunov-Krasovskii analysis. Given the delays’ bounds, and because the resulting stability conditions result in being non-convex with respect to the controller gain, then a relaxed linear matrix inequalities-based tuning criteria is developed to maximize the controller tuning, thus minimizing the restoration settling-time. By means of that, a criteria to estimate the maximal delay margin tolerated by the system is also provided. Finally, simulations on a faithful nonlinear MG model, showing the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, are further discussed.
Early Performance of Tree Species in a Mountain Reforestation Experiment

Climate change requires forest managers to explore new concepts in reforestation. High-elevation sites are posing challenges because the range of tree species that can cope with present and future conditions is small and limited experience with candidate species is available. Methods: We selected a mountain site with nutrient-poor silicatic soils. The previous Norway spruce (Picea abies) stand performed poorly. We established a reforestation experiment with 27 tree species that were planted in different combinations in order to evaluate silvicultural options. Site preparation activities and planting techniques reflected the locally applied regular procedures. After planting, we monitored height growth and phenological characteristics of needle/leaf development in spring. The presently dominant Norway spruce was genetically characterized. Results: Tree seedlings planted at high elevation are highly vulnerable. The temporal course of needle/leaf sprouting varies widely. Early developers are vulnerable to frost, impairing tree development. Biotic stressors such as high population densities of weevils or mice can cause high mortality. Conclusion: we suggest a conservative approach to tree species selection because present site conditions in mountain areas may impair the development of many tree species that could be viable options in a considerably warmer climate.
Concurrent validity and intrarater reliability of two ultrasound-based methods for assessing patellar tendon stiffness

Introduction Assessment of tendon stiffness in vivo traditionally involves maximal muscle contractions, which can be challenging in pain populations. Alternative methods are suggested, although the clinimetric properties are sparse. This study investigated the concurrent validity and the intrarater reliability of two ultrasound-based methods for assessing patellar tendon stiffness. Methods Patellar tendon stiffness was assessed in 17 healthy adults with (a) the dynamometer and B-mode ultrasonography method (DBUS) and (b) the strain elastography method. Correlations between the two methods were analysed using Kendall’s Tau-b. The relative reliability of both methods was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The absolute reliability was presented by Bland–Altman plots, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC). Results No correlation was found between the two methods, irrespective of reference tissue in strain elastography (Kendall’s Tau-b Hoffa = –0.01 (p = 1.00), Kendall’s Tau-b subcutis = 0.04 (p = 0.87)). Tracking of the tendon elongation in the DBUS method had good to excellent relative reliability (ICC = 0.95 (95% confidence interval – CI: 0.85–0.98)) and high absolute reliability (SEM = 0.04 mm (1%), MDC = 0.11 mm (3%)). The strain elastography method had good to excellent relative reliability, regardless of reference tissue (ICC Hoffa = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86–0.98), ICC subcutis = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82–0.98)), but low absolute reliability (SEM Hoffa = 0.06 (20%), MDC Hoffa = 0.18 (60%), SEM subcutis = 0.12 (41%), MDC subcutis = 0.32 (110%)). Conclusions No concurrent validity existed for DBUS and strain elastography, suggesting that the two methods measure different tendon properties. The overall reliability for the DBUS method was high, but the absolute reliability was low for strain elastography stiffness ratios. Therefore, the strain elastography method may not be recommended for tracking differences in patellar tendon stiffness in healthy adults.