Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
De Sitter hunting in a classical landscape

We elaborate on the construction of de Sitter solutions from IIA orientifolds of SU(3)‐structure manifolds that solve the 10‐dimensional equations of motion at tree‐level in the approximation of smeared sources. First we classify geometries that are orbifolds of a group manifold covering space which, upon the proper inclusion of O6 planes, can be described within the framework of 𝒩 = 1 supergravity in 4D. Then we scan systematically for de Sitter solutions, obtained as critical points of an effective 4D potential. Apart from finding many new solutions we emphasize the challenges in constructing explicit classical de Sitter vacua, which have sofar not been met. These challenges are interesting avenues for further research and include finding solutions that are perturbatively stable, satisfy charge and flux quantization, and have genuine localized (versus smeared) orientifold sources. This paper intends to be self‐contained and pedagogical, and thus can serve as a guide to the necessary technical tools required for this line of research. In an appendix we explain how to study flux and charge quantization in the presence of a non‐trivial H‐field using twisted homology.
Detection of the H92α recombination line from NGC 4945

Context. Hydrogen ionized by young, high-mass stars in starburst galaxies radiates radio recombination lines (RRLs), whose strength can be used as a diagnostic of the ionization rate, conditions and gas dynamics in the starburst region, without problems of dust obscuration. However, the lines are weak and only few extragalactic starburst systems have been detected. Aims: We aimed to increase the number of known starburst systems with detectable RRLs for detailed studies, and we used the line properties to study the gas properties and dynamics. Methods: We searched for the RRLs H91α and H92α with rest frequencies of 8.6 GHz and 8.3 GHz in the nearby southern Seyfert galaxy NGC 4945 using the Australia Telescope Compact Array with resolution of 3”. This yielded a detection from which we derived conditions in the starburst regions. Results: We detected RRLs from the nucleus of NGC 4945 with a peak line strength integrated over the source of 17.8 mJy, making it the strongest extragalactic RRL emitter known at this frequency. The line and continuum emission from NGC 4945 can be matched by a model consisting of a collection of 10 to 300 H II regions with temperatures of 5000 K, densities of 103 cm-3 to 104 cm-3 and a total effective diameter of 2 pc to 100 pc. The Lyman continuum production rate required to maintain the ionization is 6 × 1052 s-1 to 3 × 1053 s-1, which requires 2000 to 10 000 O5 stars to be produced in the starburst, inferring a star formation rate of 2 M_⊙ yr-1 to 8 M_⊙ yr-1. We resolved the rotation curve within the central 70 pc region and this is well described by a set of rotating rings that were coplanar and edge on. We found no reason to depart from a simple flat rotation curve. The rotation speed of 120 km s-1 within the central 1” (19 pc) radius infers an enclosed mass of 3 × 107 M⊙, and an average surface density with the central 19 pc of 25 000 pc-2, which exceeds the threshold gas surface density for star formation. Conclusions: We discovered RRLs from NGC 4945. It is the strongest known extragalactic RRL emitter and is suited to high-quality spectroscopic study. We resolved the dynamics of the ionized gas in the central 70 pc and derived conditions and star formation rates in the ionized gas.
Parameters Optimization of Region growing Segmentation Based on Differential Evolution algorithm

Image segmentation is the first step of GEOgraphical Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA). Because of no obvious mathematical relationship between the parameters of segmentation algorithm and the optimal segments, users select parameters by “trial and error” method, which is time-consuming and subjective. This paper used the differential evolution algorithm to automatically optimize the parameters of region growing algorithm. Because of differential evolution algorithm is a heuristic optimization method, use this method to select the parameters of segmentation for optimal segments is objective and efficient. The experiment result shown that use this method to select the optimal segmentation parameters can get the accuracy result and improve the efficiency.
Soil carbon sequestration and climate change in semi-arid Sudan

Climate change poses risk for natural and human systems in Africa. Increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns is likely to affect agriculture, pastoralism and forestry. Mitigation of increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 through soil carbon sequestration in semi-arid ecosystems may be beneficial to soil properties and cultivation. This paper describes and discusses soil carbon sequestration in relation to climate change in semi-arid regions, with special attention to the Sudan. It is anticipated that adaptation to climate changes is a more reasonable way to cope with future climate change than mitigation through soil carbon sequestration, especially for low emitting countries in Africa such as the Sudan.
Club Classification of US Divorce Rates

In this paper, we study the evolution of US divorce rates across states, from 1956 to 1998. By using a cluster algorithm, we identify different groups of states that converge (or diverge) with (or from) each other in the growth of their divorce rates. We find strong support for the club classification. For the overall 1956–1998 period, we obtain evidence of divergence from the common growth component, but when we split the sample, a different pattern is observed. In the pre-unilateral divorce reform period (1956–1972), we find that most of the states had converging divorce rates within several convergence clubs, while in the post-reform period (1973–1998) an intense divergent process took place in divorce rates, across states, within different divergence clubs.
TEST OF THE FAMA-FRENCH THREE-FACTOR MODEL IN CROATIA

This paper empirically examines the Fama-French three-factor model of stock returns for Croatia. In contrast to the results of Fama and French (1993) for the U.S. stock market, their three-factor model did not show so successful when describing risk-return relation of Croatian stocks. This paper shows that the Fama-French three-factor model is a valid pricing model, since it explains cross-section of average returns on stocks in Croatia, and that has a greater explanatory power in comparison to the CAPM. In the case of Croatian stock market, size and B/M factors are not always significant, but on average they individually have certain marginal explanatory power. Namely, they capture small common variation in returns that is missed by the market factor. Moreover, B/M factor has shown as a stronger common risk proxy in relation to size factor. Finally, there is still a large portion of common variation in stock return that may be explained by other factors. Because emerging capital markets bear their own specificity, special care needs to be taken when applying existing or developing new pricing models.
Comment: Toward a definition of conservation principles for fisheries management

More than a year ago, Olver et al. (1995) published their perspective on the definition of conservation principles for fisheries management. In their article, the authors discussed three aspects of conservation, within the general context of fisheries management: (1) the North American history of European-based conservation ethics, (2) their proposal for a definition of the term ‘conservation,’ and (3) their proposal for seven conservation principles for use in fisheries management. In their concluding remarks, Olver et al. (1995, p. 1592) state:
Cognitive Assessment Development on Quadrilateral Topic on 7th Grade Of Student

The purpose of this research is to develop a cognitive assessment in the topic of quadrilateral on 7 Grade Junior High School student based on the Revised Taxonomy Bloom. This is a development research which aims to produce an instrument to measure the validity and effectiveness of this assessment. This research was conducted in Riau province, Indonesia. Based on the results of research and revision, it can be concluded that this research has obtained a final product of cognitive assessment devices on quad rilateral topic of 7 grade of Junior High School students that has been measured of validity and effectiveness. Keywords—cognitive assessment; revised taxonomy bloom; quadrilateral; validity; effectiveness
Vibrations of Circular Plates with Elastically Restrained Edge against Translation and Resting on Elastic Foundation

The present paper deals with exact solutions for the free vibration characteristics of thin circular plates elastically restrained against translation and resting on Winkler-type elastic foundation based on the classical plate theory. Parametric investigations are carried out for estimating the influence of edge restraint against translation and stiffness of the elastic foundation on the natural frequencies of circular plates. The elastic edge restraint against translation and the presence of elastic foundation has been found to have a profound influence on vibration characteristics of the circular plate undergoing free transverse vibrations. Computations are carried out for natural frequencies of vibrations for varying values of translational stiffness ratio and stiffness parameter of Winkler-type foundation. Results are presented for twelve modes of vibration both in tabular and graphical form for use in design. Extensive data is tabulated so that pertinent conclusions can be arrived at on the influence of translational edge restraint and the foundation stiffness ratio of the Winkler foundation on the natural frequencies of uniform isotropic circular plates.
Genotyping and the search for embryonic lethal mutations in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle through reverse genetic screening

Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium ruthappeltant@gmail.com (Corresponding Author) Livestock Improvement Cooperation, Newstead, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China Genomics Platform, GIGA, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium CRV BV, Arnhem, Netherlands
Effects of Copper Slag as a Replacement for Fine Aggregate on the Behavior and Ultimate Strength of Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns

Use of copper slag (CS) as a replacement for fine aggregate (FA) in RC slender columns was experimentally investigated in this study. Twenty columns measuring 150 mm x150 mm x 2500 mm were tested for monotonic axial compression load until failure. The concrete mixture included ordinary Portland cement (OPC) cement, fine aggregate, 10 mm coarse aggregate, and CS. The cpercentage of cement, water and coarse aggregate were kept constant within the mixture, while the percentage of CS as a replacement for fine aggregate varied from 0 to 100%. Four 8 mm diameter high yield steel and 6 mm mild steel bars were used as longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, respectively. Five cubes measuring 100 mm x100 mm x100 mm, eight cylinders measuring 150 mm x 300 mm and five prisms measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm were cast and tested for each mixture to determine the compressive and tensile strengths of the concrete. The results showed that the replacement of up to 40% of the fine aggregate with CS caused no major changes in concrete strength, column failure load, or measured flexural stiffness (EI). Further increasing the percentage reduced the concrete strength, column failure load, and flexural stiffness (EI), and increased concrete slump and lateral and vertical deflections of the column. The maximum difference in concrete strength between the mixes of 0% CS and 100% CS was 29%, with the difference between the measured/ control failure loads between the columns with 0 and 100% CS was 20% the maximum difference in the measured EI between the columns with 0 and 100% CS was 25%. The measured to calculated failure loads of all specimen varied between 91 and -100.02%. The measured steel strains were proportional to the failure loads. It was noted that columns with high percentages of CS (
Potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Hyphaena thebaica in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of unknown origin. Oxidative stress is believed to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of the mucosal damage in IBD. The aqueous extract of Hyphaena thebaica fruits showed an antioxidant activity; this is due to the substantial amount of their water-soluble phenolic contents. This study was undertaken to study the effect of H. thebaica in experimentally induced IBD. Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated orally for 5 days with distilled water in control, H. thebaica 500 mg/kg in acetic acid + H. thebaica group and 5-aminosalisylic acid (5-ASA) 100 mg/kg in acetic acid + 5ASA groups. Colitis was induced by transrectal administration of 4% acetic acid on 5th day. All the animals were sacrificed with ether overdose 48 h after colitis induction, and 10 cm colon segment was resected from distal end. Colon was weighed (for disease activity index) and scored macroscopically and microscopically after histological staining. Biochemical assessments included myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tissue catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurements. H. thebaica showed significant prevention of increase in colon weight and disease activity index along with decrease in macroscopic and microscopic lesion score as compared to control group. Significant improvement was observed in the levels of MPO, CAT and SOD, except GSH. However, the effect of H. thebaica was significantly less than 5-ASA. H. thebaica at 500 mg/kg showed significant amelioration of experimentally induced IBD, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
A New Image Binarization Method Using Histogram and Spectral Clustering

We present a novel approach of binarization for gray images. The proposed algorithm uses the normalized graph cut(Ncut) as the measure for spectral clustering, and the weighted matrices used in evaluating the graph cuts are based on the gray levels of an image, rather than the commonly used image pixels. Thus, the proposed algorithm requires much smaller spatial costs and much lower computation complexity. Experiments on text images in natural scene show the superior performance of the proposed method compared to the typical thresholding algorithms.
Prospective evidence that HIV lipoatrophy and visceral adiposity are partially independent processes

Correspondence: Handan Wand national Centre in HiV Epidemiology and Clinical research, University of new South Wales, Sydney, nSW 2052, Australia Tel +61 2 9385 0900 Fax +61 2 9385 0910 Email hwand@nchecr.unsw. edu.au Purpose: To investigate the patterns of change in objectively assessed body composition parameters and to determine to what extent the observed patterns correlate with modifiable variables and potential risk factors for lipodystrophy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected lipoatrophic adults. Method: Changes from baseline in limb fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and their associations with antiretroviral therapy, body composition, and metabolic variables were investigated using linear and logistic regression models. Results: Increases in limb fat were significantly associated with higher baseline limb fat (P , 0.0001), VAT (P = 0.023), and change from baseline to week 72 in VAT (P , 0.0001). On-study use of zidovudine or stavudine was negatively associated with a limb fat increase (P = 0.017). High baseline limb fat mass and VAT had negative effects on subsequent VAT increases at week 72 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This large, prospective study in HIV-infected adults with moderate or severe lipoatrophy at baseline showed positive associations between changes in limb fat and VAT over 72 weeks. Risk factors for these two lipodystrophic features were different. Our findings suggest that lipoatrophy and fat accumulation are at least partially independent processes.
Evaluating policies for innovation and university-firm relations. An investigation on the attitude of Italian academic entrepreneurs towards collaborations with firms

The paper is the first step of an analysis of the university-firm technology transfer mechanisms in a perspective of evaluation of innovation supporting policies. In particular, this work presents the results of the construction of an original database and of the preliminary study of individual behaviours with regards to the transfer of knowledge between universities and firms. The research questions underlying this work and the future research agenda are the following: "what would have happened had the spin-off not been created? Which other technology transfer channels would have been activated by the same academics? ". These questions arise from the consideration that the existing literature seems to widely neglect the issue of possible trade-off effects among the different forms of technology transfer. Consequently, the final net impacts that can derive from the promotion of spin off supporting policies instead of policies favouring other forms of technology transfer are not considered. The empirical analysis presented in this work is based on the population of Italian spin-offs set-up between 2002 and 2007, for each of which societal data have been collected. Once selected the academic co-founders, we have then retraced their academic position at the date of the spin-off establishment, as well as four years before and four years after and we have studied the number and features of their publications and patents. First results show that it is possible to identify very different behaviours among scholars engaging in an entrepreneurial activity. Some of them show an increased propensity to collaborate with other firms after the establishment of the spin-off, while others, on the contrary, do not seem to change their co-publishing and co-patenting attitude, or they even decrease it, with a sort of "substitution effect". The study of the determinants of such heterogeneity becomes therefore essential in order to design effective policies supporting innovation and technology transfer.
Modelling the viscoelastic response of ceramic materials by commercial Finite Elements codes

A very prominent patented technology permits to obtain bent porcelain stoneware tiles by a proper combination of machining and secondary firing in a kiln. During this firing, the ceramic materials show a viscoelastic behaviour. The viscoelasticity permits the tiles to be bent without further interventions: just using the gravity force in a so-called pyroplastic deformation. Both the viscoelastic response in general and pyroplastic deformation in particular are complex aspects of material behaviour to be modelled with accuracy. In general, the theory of viscoelasticity can be considered extremely large and precise, but its application on real cases is extremely tricky. A time-depending problem, as viscoelasticity naturally is, has to be merged with a temperature-depending situation. It means that, even if the constitutive equations could be set as general formulation, all the fundamental parameters inside these formulas change in function of both entities. Finite Elements codes could help to pass by this impasse, permitting to discretize the variability on temperature. But several cautions have to be taken into account, especially considering that few commercial codes developed proper algorithms. This paper investigates how the viscoelastic response of ceramic materials can be modelled by commercial Finite Elements codes, defining limits and proposing solutions.
Managing globally competent people

Executive Overview Transnational firms need transnational human resource management systems. This article recommends global human resource changes at two levels: individual and systemic. First, it presents a set of skills needed by individual managers to be globally competent, highlighting those which transcend the historic competencies required of expatriate managers. Second, it suggests a framework for assessing the global competence of firms' human resource systems. Based on a survey of fifty major North American firms, the authors find today's human resource strategies to be significantly less global than firms' business strategies. To overcome this gap, they identify a series of illusions preventing firms from creating human resource systems which are sufficiently global to support transnational business strategies.
Influence of Pyrolysis Conditions and Type of Resin on the Porosity of Activated Carbon Obtained From Phenolic Resins

In polymer precursor based activated carbon, the structure of starting material is likely to have profound effect on the surface properties of end product. To investigate this aspect phenolic resins of different types were prepared using phenol, mcresol and formaldehyde as reactants and Et 3N and NH4OH as catalyst. Out of these resins two resol resins PFR1 and CFR1 (prepared in excess of formaldehyde using Et 3N as catalyst in the basic pH range) were used as raw materials for the preparation of activated carbons by both chemical and physical activation methods. In chemical activation process both the resins gave activated carbons with high surface areas i.e. 2384 and 2895 m 2 /g, but pore size distribution in PFR1 resin calculated from Horvath-Kawazoe method, contributes mainly in micropore range i.e. 84.1~88.7 volume percent of pores was covered by micropores. Whereas CFR1 resin when activated with KOH for 2h time, a considerable amount (32.8%) of mesopores was introduced in activated carbon prepared. Physical activation with CO 2 leads to the formation of activated carbon with a wide range of surface area (503~1119 m 2 /g) with both of these resins. The maximum pore volume percentage was obtained in 3-20 A region by physical activation method.
Increased use of intertidal resources benefits breeding success in a generalist gull species

Determining how resource use impacts on a species’ demography is important, especially in habitats which are being altered by anthropogenic land-use change. If changes result in species consuming resources of reduced quality their demographic traits may be adversely affected. Generalist species are useful when investigating changes in resource availability as they can switch to alternatives if their preferred food becomes unavailable. For species that can forage on marine and terrestrial resources, it is often not known whether a switch from marine to terrestrial resources will have negative consequences. The herring gull, Larus argentatus, is one widespread generalist that opportunistically forages within marine and terrestrial habitats that are increasingly altered by humans. We determined marine and terrestrial resource use of gulls from eight colonies over two years across south-west Scotland and Northern Ireland using pellets and stable isotope analysis of chick feathers, which gave comparable results. Herring gulls in the study region used very little marine offshore resources but birds from colonies located in areas with sheltered coastlines, which provide abundant and diverse marine food from the intertidal zone, foraged more on marine intertidal resources. In contrast, colonies closer to built-up areas used more terrestrial resources. Herring gulls raised larger broods in colonies where they consumed a higher proportion of marine resource. Therefore, where generalist species, such as gulls, switch to an alternative resources that is available to them within their foraging range this may come at a cost of lower breeding success.