Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Lymphatic Circulating Tumor Cells and Progression of Metastatic Disease

Simple Summary Deadly metastases occur when tumor cells are shed from primary tumor into lymph and blood that circulate in distinct networks of vessels and disseminate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through the body. Therefore, detection of CTCs at potentially treatable early disease stage might improve patient survival. However, most efforts have been made to test CTCs in blood only. Here, we explored the clinically relevant photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry for early in vivo detection of lymphatic CTCs using metastatic melanoma and breast cancer mouse models. We demonstrated the presence of detectable lymphatic CTCs at pre-metastatic disease, estimated correlation between CTCs, primary tumor, and metastasis, and observed parallel CTC dissemination by blood and lymph. Our findings suggest the use of lymphatic CTC testing in vivo as a new indicator of metastasis initiation, and combined assessment of two body fluids as a more promising diagnostic platform compared to existing mono-detection of blood CTCs. Abstract The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by lymph fluid is one of the key events in the development of tumor metastasis. However, little progress has been made in studying lymphatic CTCs (L-CTCs). Here, we demonstrate the detection of L-CTCs in preclinical mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer using in vivo high-sensitivity photoacoustic and fluorescent flow cytometry. We discovered that L-CTCs are be detected in pre-metastatic disease stage. The smallest primary tumor that shed L-CTCs was measured as 0.094mm×0.094mm, its volume was calculated as 0.0004 mm3; and its productivity was estimated as 1 L-CTC per 30 minutes. As the disease progressed, primary tumors continued releasing L-CTCs with certain individual dynamics. The integrated assessment of lymph and blood underlined the parallel dissemination of CTCs at all disease stages. However, the analysis of links between L-CTC counts, blood CTC (B-CTC) counts, primary tumor size and metastasis did not reveal statistically significant correlations, likely due to L-CTC heterogeneity. Altogether, our results showed the feasibility of our diagnostic platform using photoacoustic flow cytometry for preclinical L-CTC research with translational potential. Our findings also demonstrated new insights into lymphatic system involvement in CTC dissemination. They help to lay the scientific foundation for the consideration of L-CTCs as prognostic markers of metastasis and to emphasize the integrative assessment of lymph and blood.
Initial Pathological Changes and Disease Development in Pine Trees Induced by the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

The inoculation experiments on pine seedlings and saplings with the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, were conducted to clarify the relations between nematode numbers and disease development in host plant at the initial stage of pathogenesis. The branch inoculated with nematodes was cut off at various intervals after inoculation. Cutting the branch 1 day after inoculation resulted in the delayed disease development on 4-year-old Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii and did not cause disease for 9-year-old P. thunbergii. Disease development in seedlings and saplings, whose inoculated branches were cut 3 days after inouculation or later, was similar to the controls which were left without cutting. There were no significant differences in the numbers of dispersing individuals over various parts of tree between the two removal times of inoculated branches; 1 day and 3 days after inoculation. More advanced pathological responses of the inoculated branch were histopathologically observed on 3 days or afterwards than on 1 day after inoculation. The present experiments suggest that the pathological responses caused by the nematode activities at the infection site prevailed in the tree and reached a certain extent enough to initiate disease development as early as 3 days after inoculation.
The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and/or intrauterine hypotrophy.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)concentration in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and/or intrauterine hypotrophy, and its correlation with maternal pressure and umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indices. MATERIAL AND METHODS 65 pairs pregnant-newborn were included to four groups: I - control, II - PIH, III - Hypotrophy, IV - PIH and Hypotrophy. In the study we analyzed cord blood IGF-1 concentration, newborns antropometry, umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indices and maternal pressure before delivery. RESULTS The concentration of IGF-1 was the lowest in IV group of hypotrophic newborns from pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension. In this group of patients there was strong negative correlation between IGF-1 concentration and maternal systolic and diastolic pressure. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong negative correlation between IGF-1 concentration and maternal systolic pressure in group of hypotrophic newborns from pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Light and Nutrients in the Control of Aquatic Plant Community Structure. I. In Situ Experiments

(1) Maximum summer biomass and morphology of Potanogetoni praelongus, Vallisneria amnericana and Potaniogetoti robbinisii were influenced by both sediment composition and irradiance when plants were grown in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec-Vermont, at depths of 1 5, 2 and 3 m, in buckets containing mixtures of fertile sediment (100%,, 30%', 10'%) and sand (0'%, 70 %, 90%, respectively). (2) While all species attained maximum biomass and morphological diversity at 1 5 m in 100%, fertile sediment and minimum biomass in the least fertile sediment, the effects of sediment composition and irradiance on growth differed between the species. (3) Biomass of the erect P. praclongus was primarily determined by sediment composition whereas the boniass of the bottom-dwelling P. robbhisii was largely determined by irradiance, the intermediate, rosette-forni, 1'. americanla, showed an intermediate response. (4) Sediment and irradiance effects on these species are consistent with their growth form, suggesting that the natural distribution of submerged aquiatic pla.nt species is related to plant growth form.
The Effect of Monochromatic and Mixed LED Light Colour on the Behaviour and Fear Responses of Broiler Chicken

This study observed the effect of different LED light colour on the behaviour and fear responses of broilers. In experiment 1, 400 broilers were placed into eight different light treatments. In experiment 2, six different light colours with five different age groups were considered. In experiment 1, use of a red and red–yellow mixed light significantly increased walking behaviour. Consequently, sitting and standing behaviour were found to be wavelength dependent, whereby short wavelength (blue, green–blue) treated birds spent more time sitting and standing than that under long wavelength (red, red–yellow). Consistently in experiment 2, birds spent more time feeding under the green treatment than with other treatments. Walking behaviour was significantly decreased and sitting and standing behaviour was increased under the blue light. Age also influenced the behaviour of broiler: young birds were more active than older birds. In addition, ground pecking and wing stretching behaviour were influenced by the wavelength of the light. Time of day did not influence the behaviour of the broilers. Under the red and red–yellow light treatments, birds spent longer in tonic immobility. Thus, the results suggest that red and red–yellow light activated the broiler's movement and fear responses while blue and green-blue decreased the movement and they spent more time sitting.
Field observations of thermals and thermal streets, and the theory of cross-country soaring flight

The classical theory of cross-country soaring flight postulates climbs in discrete thermals, separated by glides through stationary air, and prescribes an "optimum" speed for the inter-thermal glides, based on the performance of the glider or bird, and the rate of climb in thermals. However, it is known that glider pilots usually fly slower than the theoretical optimum speed between thermals, and often achieve faster cross-country speeds than the maximum predicted by the theory. The reasons for this are analysed in relation to a survey of real thermals over the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. About 1500 km was flown in straight lines, in a Schleicher ASK-14 motor glider, measuring the airmass lift (vertical velocity of the air) at 15-s intervals. It is shown how the bird or pilot can increase the mean rate of climb in the sample of thermals that are actually used, and so increase the cross-country speed, by selecting an inter-thermal speed below the supposed optimum. If the air between thermals is not stationary, the time lost in circling can be further reduced by variations of speed during the inter-thermal glides. Eventually, if thermals are organised into lines or "streets", circling can be eliminated altogether, and linear soaring becomes possible. Linear soaring is also sometimes possible along ridges and escarpments. Soaring in discrete thermals may be seen as one end of a spectrum of soaring techniques, with linear soaring at the other end, giving much higher cross-country speeds. In straight flight, soaring and flapping are end members of another spectrum, connected by various intermediate techniques. A bird migrating by flapping flight in a straight line can reduce its power requirements by flying through thermals or other forms of rising air.
The adhesion of a mica nanolayer on a single-layer graphene supported by SiO2 substrate characterised in air

Two-dimensional nanolayers have found increasingly widespread applications in modern flexible electronic devices. Their adhesion with neighbouring layers can significantly affect the mechanical stability and the reliability of those devices. However, the measurement of such adhesion has been a great challenge. In this work, we develop a new and simple methodology to measure the interfacial adhesion between a mica nanolayer (MNL) and a single-layer graphene (SLG) supported by a SiO2 substrate. The method is based on the well-known Obreimoff method but integrated with innovative nanomanipulation and profile measuring approaches. Our study shows that the adhesion energy of MNLs on the SLG/SiO2 substrate system is considerably lower than that on the SiO2 substrate alone. Quantitative analyses reveal that the wrinkles formed on the SLG can considerably lower the adhesion. This outcome is of technological value as the adhesion maybe tailored by controlling the wrinkle formation in the graphene layer in a flexible electronic device.
Model based IoT security framework using multiclass adaptive boosting with SMOTE

Security and threats are growing immensely due to the higher usage of internet of things applications in all aspects. Due to imbalanced nature of IoT security data, the designing of model‐based anomaly detection in IoT network poses a challenge for machine learning model as most of the machine learning model assumes the equal number of samples for each class. Approximately, 2.79% of IoT network profiles are of anomaly types which impose severe imbalance where there are three samples in the anomaly types for hundreds of samples in the majority normal class. This results in poor predictive performance for identification of anomaly type, which is essentially a problem because the anomaly type is more sensitive than the normal activity type. This work proposes a multiclass adaptive boosting ensemble learning‐based model with the synthetic minority oversampling technique for prediction of an anomaly in IoT network. The proposed approaches are simulated with DS2OS data and the performance is compared with other machine learning approaches. The evaluation metrics such as sensitivity, F1‐score, and receiver operating characteristic‐AUC imply the efficiency of the proposed approach in handling the imbalanced nature of the data and found efficient to identify both anomaly types and normal activity.
El CaCl 2 en la vida florero de gerbera: pigmentos, fenoles, lignina y anatomía del escapo * CaCl 2 in gerbera vase life: pigments, phenols, lignin and scape anatomy

Gerbera jamesonii has short vase life characterized by bending of floral stem (scape). With the purpose to extend gerbera vase life, three different CaCl2 concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0%) were tested in Duela and Shirlaine varieties. Weight loss of whole flower and ligules was less than in control with 0.5% and 1.0%concentrations. Whole flower and ligules weight was reduced with 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations when compared to control. 0.5% concentration was best treatment; it increased average vase life (25 d for Duela and 24 d for Shirlaine). Floral stems treated with built up CaCl2 more Ca +2 in apex (25.33 μg g -1 for Duela and 64.0 μg g -1 for Shirlaine), lasting erect longer than control (9.67 μg g -1 for Duela and 13.67 μg g -1 for Shirlaine). With 0.5% concentration a second experiment was performed to assess total carotenes, anthocyanins (pelargonidin, cyanidin) and phenols concentration changes in ligules. Shirlaine’s anthocyanins did not change in treatments. Phenols increased 21% in Shirlaine and 40% in Duela with regards their initial concentration, in contrast carotenes decreased 60% and 35% at the end of vase life, respectively. Interfascicular tissue is more lignified in cv Duela than in cv Shirlaine, giving it more resistance. The lignified relative area (%) on scape’s medium region
Electric clothes dryers: An underestimated source of microfiber pollution

Microplastics, particularly microfibers, are ubiquitous, found in aquatic (freshwater and marine) and terrestrial environments and within the food web worldwide. It is well-established that microplastics in the form of textile fibers enter the environment via washing machines and wastewater treatment effluent. Less is known about the release of microfibers from electric clothes dryers. In this study we measure microfiber emissions from home installed dryers at two different sites. At each site the distribution of fibers landing on the snow’s surface outside dryer vents and the weight of lint in dryer exhaust exiting dryer vents were measured. Fibers from the pink polyester fleece blankets used in this study were found in plots throughout a 30ft (9.14m) radius from the dryer vents, with an average number across all plots of 404 ± 192 (SD) (Site 1) and 1,169 ± 606 (SD) (Site 2). The majority of the fibers collected were located within 5 ft (1.52m) of the vents. Averages of 35 ± 16(SD)mg (Site 1) and 70 ± 77 (SD)mg (Site 2) of lint from three consecutive dry cycles were collected from dryer vent exhaust. This study establishes that electric clothes dryers emit masses of microfiber directly into the environment. Microfiber emissions vary based on dryer type, age, vent installation and lint trap characteristics. Therefore, dryers should be included in discussions when considering strategies, policies and innovations to prevent and mitigate microfiber pollution.
Validation of high bleeding risk criteria and definition as proposed by the academic research consortium for high bleeding risk.

AIMS To validate the set of clinical and biochemical criteria proposed by consensus by the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) for High Bleeding Risk (HBR) for the identification of HBR patients. These criteria were categorized into major and minor, if expected to carry in isolation, respectively, ≥4% and <4% Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 bleeding risk within 1-year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). High bleeding risk patients are those meeting at least 1 major or 2 minor criteria. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients undergoing PCI at Bern University Hospital, between February 2009 and September 2018 were prospectively entered into the Bern PCI Registry (NCT02241291). Age, haemoglobin, platelet count, creatinine, and use of oral anticoagulation were prospectively collected, while the remaining HBR criteria except for planned surgery were retrospectively adjudicated. A total of 16 580 participants with complete ARC-HBR criteria were included. After assigning 1 point to each major and 0.5 point to each minor criterion, we observed for every 0.5 score increase a step-wise augmentation of BARC 3 or 5 bleeding rates at 1 year ranging from 1.90% among patients fulfilling no criterion, through 4.01%, 5.98%, 7.42%, 8.60%, 12.21%, 12.29%, and 17.64%. All major and five out of six minor criteria, conferred in isolation a risk for BARC 3 or 5 bleeding at 1 year exceeding 4% at the upper limit of the 95% confidence intervals. CONCLUSION All major and the majority of minor ARC-HBR criteria identify in isolation patients at HBR.
Evaluation of different target genes for the detection of Salmonella sp. by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification

The loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was used to investigate six salmonella‐specific sequences for their suitability to serve as targets for the pathogen identification. Sequences selected for designing LAMP primers were genes invA, bcfD, phoP, siiA, gene62181533 and a region within the ttrRSBCA locus. Primers including single nucleotide polymorphisms were configured as degenerate primers. Specificity of the designed primer sets was determined by means of 46 salmonella and 32 other food‐ and waterborne bacterial reference species and strains. Primers targeting the ttrRSBCA locus showed 100 % inclusivity of target and exclusivity of other test species and strains. Other primer sets revealed deficiencies, especially regarding Salmonella enterica subsp. II–IV and Salmonella bongori. Additionally, primers targeting the siiA gene failed to detect S. enterica subsp. enterica serotypes Newport and Stanley, whereas bcfD primers did not amplify DNA of S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Schleissheim. TtrRSBCA primers, providing short detection times and constant melting temperatures of amplification products, achieved best overall performance.
Competition for marine space: modelling the Baltic Sea fisheries and effort displacement under spatial restrictions

Maritime spatial planning (MSP) and fishery management may generate extra costs for fisheries by constraining fishers activity with conservation areas and new utilizations of the sea. More energy-efficient fisheries are also likely to alter existing fishing patterns, which already vary from fishery to fishery and from vessel to vessel. The impact assessment of new spatial plans involving fisheries should be based on quantitative bioeconomic analyses that take into account individual vessel decisions, and trade-offs in cross-sector conflicting interests. We use a vessel-oriented decision-support tool (the DISPLACE model) to combine stochastic variations in spatial fishing activities with harvested resource dynamics in scenario projections. The assessment computes economic and stock status indicators by modelling the activity of Danish, Swedish, and German vessels (>12 m) in the international western Baltic Sea commercial fishery, together with the underlying size-based distribution dynamics of the main fishery resources of sprat, herring, and cod. The outcomes of alternative scenarios for spatial effort displacement are exemplified by evaluating the fisherss abilities to adapt to spatial plans under various constraints. Interlinked spatial, technical, and biological dynamics of vessels and stocks in the scenarios result in stable profits, which compensate for the additional costs from effort displacement and release pressure on the fish stocks. The effort is further redirected away from sensitive benthic habitats, enhancing the ecological positive effects. The energy efficiency of some of the vessels, however, is strongly reduced with the new zonation, and some of the vessels suffer decreased profits. The DISPLACE model serves as a spatially explicit bioeconomic benchmark tool for management strategy evaluations for capturing tactical decision-making in reaction to MSP.
Genomics-based immuno-oncology: bridging the gap between immunology and tumor biology.

The first hypotheses about how the immune system affected cancers were proposed in the early 20th century. These early concepts about cancer immunosurveillance were further developed in the decades that followed but a detailed understanding of cancer immunity remained elusive. It was only recently, through the advent of high-throughput technologies that scientists gained the ability to profile tumors with a resolution that allowed for granular assessment of both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which have proven to be effective cancer therapies in many malignancies, have spawned great interest in developing biomarkers for efficacy, an endeavor that highlighted the value of dissecting tumor immunity using large-scale methods. Response to ICI therapy has been shown to be a highly complex process, where the dynamics of tumor and immune cells are key to success. The need to understand the biologic mechanisms at the tumor-immune interface has given rise to the field of cancer immunogenomics, a discipline that aims to bridge the gap between cancer genomics and classical immunology. We provide a broad overview of this emerging branch of translational science, summarizing most common platforms used and recent discoveries in the field, which are having direct clinical implications. Our discussion will be centered around the genetic foundations governing tumor immunity and molecular determinants associated with clinical benefit from ICI therapy. We emphasize the importance of molecular diversity as a driver of anti-tumor immunity and discuss how these factors can be probed using genomic studies.
Gait speed and malnutrition in hospitalized patients and the quality of life of their caregivers.

OBJECTIVE To verify the age, nutritional status, and gait speed in hospitalized individuals, and their association with the quality of life of their caregivers. METHODS Observational cross-sectional study with 54 patients and their respective caretakers in a university hospital in the Brazilian Midwest. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software, with p < 0.05. RESULTS The Social Relations domain had the highest mean score (71.45±18.64). The lowest score was in the Physical domain (57.80±12.01). According to a subjective nutritional evaluation, 72.2% presented some degree of malnutrition. Most were classified with low gait speeds (82%). There was a significant correlation between age and the Physical and General Quality of Life domains. The Environment domain was significantly correlated to the gait speed. CONCLUSION The age and the gait speed of the patient were related to the quality of life of the caregiver, but the nutritional state was not affected.