Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASETS-II OSCILLATING HEAT PIPE SPACE FLIGHT EXPERIMENT: THE FIRST SIX MONTHS ON ORBIT

On September 7th, 2017 the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory launched the second Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader (ASETSII) flight experiment to space on Orbital Test Vehicle 5. The ASETS-II experiment is made of three low-mass, low-cost oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) and an electronics/experiment control box. The three primary science objectives of the experiment are to measure the initial on-orbit thermal performance, to measure long duration thermal performance, and to assess any lifetime degradation. The three OHPs on ASETS-II are of varying configuration (center heating with singleand double-sided cooling) and working fluids (butane and R-134a) in order to isolate specific performance parameters of interest. OHP #3 was specifically designed in order to explore the operating limits on OHP operation in microgravity without requiring excessive operating temperature or pressure. Data collected during the first 6 months of on-orbit operations are presented in this paper. It is shown that each OHP performed as expected, where on-orbit data for OHPs #1 and #2 mirrored ground-truth performance, and the OHP #3 on-orbit maximum operating evaporator temperature increased from ground-truth. The OHPs experienced no significant hysteresis effects and OHP #1 performed successfully in six-week long continuous operation.
Price elasticities and implied tax revenue for alcoholic beverages: Evidence from Poland, France and Spain

The study estimates the tax revenue effects of changes in alcohol excise taxes for Spain, France and Poland. In addition to excise tax and VAT revenue effects, the price pass-through and the impact on market volumes is estimated. The main parameters – the tax pass-through rate of excise duties to consumer prices and the price elasticities of demand for alcoholic beverages – are estimated via state-of-the-art econometric approaches based a combination of household-levels and macro data. In a first step, the literature survey finds very diverse estimates for price elasticities of alcoholic beverages. We find evidence that excise taxes are typically fully passed onto consumer prices. Using micro data at the household level, we find price elasticities of demand for Spain, France and Poland which are higher (in absolute terms) than those typically found in the literature. This implies that price increases lead to larger drops in sales volume and, thus, tax increases might not result in the expected additional tax revenues. A macro level estimation of the relation between excise tax rates and revenues confirms a Laffer-curve type relationship, i.e., tax revenues cease to increase if excise tax rates reach a certain threshold level. The empirical evidence in this study suggests that the tax rates for beer and wine are well below this revenue maximising saddle point, but the evidence is inconclusive for spirits in the countries in question. Using the simulation tool developed in this study, it is found that a 1 percent increase in the excise tax rates of each alcoholic beverage prevailing in 2017 in each of the countries will have the strongest negative effect on the market volumes of spirits, while for beer and wine these increases translate to by and large higher collected tax revenues. Noteworthily, in some scenarios excise tax increases result in decreases in VAT revenues due to a significant reduction in the higher value on-trade sales.
Proteomic changes in the grains of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beau) under drought stress

Drought has become a serious problem that threatens global food security. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) can be used as a model crop for drought-resistant research because of its excellent performance in drought tolerance. In this study, the typical drought-tolerant foxtail millet landrace ‘Huangjinmiao’ was grown in a field under control and drought stress conditions to investigate its response to drought stress. The proteins in the harvested grains were analysed through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis to characterize the response of foxtail millet under drought stress at a proteomic level. A total of 104 differentially abundant protein spots (DAPs) were identified; among them, 57 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated under drought treatment. The identified proteins were involved in an extensive range of biological processes, including storage proteins, protein folding, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, detoxification and defense, protein degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, transporter, pentose phosphate pathway, and signal transduction. Post-translational protein modifications might also occur. Moreover, the albumin content greatly decreased under drought stress, whereas the gliadin content considerably increased (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study provides new information on the proteomic changes in foxtail millet under drought stress and a framework for further studies on the function of these identified proteins.
Scanned Ion Beam Therapy of Moving Targets with Beam Tracking

Ion beam therapy has been offering beneficial dose conformity based on the fact that ions deposit large dose sharply at depth and significantly less dose at the entrance or behind the peak, known as the Bragg curve. In the decades, delivery systems of ion beams, especially proton and carbon ions, have been developed and used in number of clinics, and they have demonstrated excellent dose conformity on static tumours. The conventional ion beam delivery utilizes broad ion beams with a collimator for a beam shaping laterally and a patient specific compensator to define the beam depth. Therefore the conventional broad beam delivery is in principle not able to adapt beams to the target if the target is moving internally and changing its radiological depth. On the other hand, the scanned beam delivery system (Haberer et al. 1993;Pedroni et al. 1995) uses narrow ion beams to scan the target volume by controlling scanning magnets without needs of any beam shaping collimator. The scanned ion beam delivery system utilizes no patient specific compensator materials instead the system changes beam energy to control the beam depth, therefore it has an ability to modulate dose peak location flexibly on demand in three-dimensions (3D). Flexibility of such an active beam delivery system allows us to implement an advanced irradiation control system so called beam tracking that tracks moving targets continuously with ion beams not only in lateral directions but also longitudinally. The longitudinal adaptation is a particular objective for ion beam tracking different from the beam tracking in radiotherapy with photon where only lateral direction are adapted with multi-leaf collimators (Huang et al. 2008;Mao et al. 2008;Murphy 2004;Sawant et al. 2008).
A Study of Key Indicators of Development for University-Based Entrepreneurship Ecosystems in Taiwan

Abstract Theoretical concepts related to entrepreneurial ecosystems are currently in the initial stages of development and components of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems (U-BEEs) are yet to be clarified or defined. This study identifies elements of U-BEEs and employs an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze university-based venture development organizations (VDOs) as research subjects. This study extracted six elements: namely policy, finance, culture, support, human capital, and market, comprising 31 evaluation indicators. The results of this study indicated that “market” was considered the most crucial of the six elements in Taiwan. Finally, this paper provides theoretical and practical implications based on the aforementioned findings.
Deterministic jitter in broadband communication

The past decade has witnessed a drastic change in the design of high-speed serial links. While Silicon fabrication technology has produced smaller, faster transistors, transmission line interconnects between chips and through backplanes have not substantially improved and have a practical bandwidth of around 3GHz. As serial link speeds increase, new techniques must be introduced to overcome the bandwidth limitation and maintain digital signal integrity. This thesis studies timing issues pertaining to bandwidth-limited interconnects. Jitter is defined as the timing uncertainty at a threshold used to detect the digital signal. Reliable digital communication requires minimizing jitter. The analysis and modeling presented here focuses on two types of deterministic jitter. First, dispersion of the digital signal in a bandwidth-limited channel creates data-dependent jitter. Our analysis links data sequences to unique timing deviations through the channel response and is shown for general linear time-invariant systems. A Markov model is constructed to study the impact of jitter on the operation of the serial link and provide insight in circuit performance. Second, an analysis of bounded-uncorrected jitter resulting from crosstalk induced in parallel serial links is presented. Timing equalization is introduced to improve the signal integrity of high-speed links. The analysis of deterministic jitter leads to novel techniques for compensating the timing ambiguity in the received data. Data-dependent jitter equalization is discussed at both the receiver, where it complements the operation of clock and data recovery circuits, and as a phase pre-emphasis technique. Crosstalk-induced, bounded-uncorrected jitter can also be compensated. By detecting electromagnetic modes between neighboring serial links, a transmitter or receiver anticipates the timing deviation that has occurred along the transmission line. Finally, we discuss a new circuit technique for submillimeter integrated circuits. Demands of wireless communication and the high speed of Silicon Germanium transistors provide opportunities for unique radio architectures for submillimeter integrated circuits. Scalable, fully-integrated phased arrays control a radiated beam pattern electronically through tiling multiple chips. Coupled-oscillator arrays are used for the first time to subharmonically injection-lock across a chip or between multiple chips to provide phase coherence across an array.
Vulnerability Elimination

Today’s computer systems are large and complex. ere have been tremendous research eorts to fully defend these systems, but it is still an elusive goal. Introducing radical design changes for security is not practical, or adding a small security enhancing component easily breaks the critical functionality of a system. Even if these issues are resolved, aackers are ever evolving, and they always nd a vulnerability from tiny lile corner cases. My research focuses on building secure systems. In particular, my approach can be characterized by a practical prospect with a strong understanding on both aacks and computer systems. With the deep knowledge on aacks, my research comprehensively identied the root cause of underlying vulnerabilities, and built security solutions completely eliminating causes [1, 2]. Further, my research analyzed emerging security issues that are newly introduced in modern system’s design and implementation [6, 9, 12], which enlightened to formulate the principle of secure system designs. I have also proposed aack countermeasures [3, 7, 8], which protects the system from being compromised. In addition, with the thorough understanding of computer systems, many of these techniques are carefully designed to scale to large and complex systems including Chrome, Firefox, the Linux kernel, and the Android OS, and already demonstrated its eectiveness. My research results are recognized for their highly practical impacts, as noted by the Internet Defense Prize (awarded by Facebook and USENIX) and the best applied research paper (awarded by CSAW). Moreover, my research soware has been deployed as part of the security infrastructure in Google and Mozilla, and widely covered in popular medias including ZDNet, Science 2.0, Phys.org, etc. In addition, my research results discovered and accordingly xed more than 100 highly critical security vulnerabilities in various soware, such as the Linux kernel, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and etc., and received several vulnerability discovery gis and awards in recognition of helping to secure their products. Further, undertaking these security problems brought pleasant interdisciplinary collaboration experiences beyond the security research domain: compilers [1, 2]; systems [3, 9]; programming languages [8]; networks [11]; and data mining [4].
Comparison of tools used to evaluate pain in surgery in the Czech Republic and abroad

Introduction: Pain has accompanied man from time immemorial in many life events, from birth to death. Nowadays we have many ways to treat it. However, the right pain must be evaluated to get started. In order to obtain this information, a variety of measuring tools that focus on localization, intensity, the spread of pain, continuity with daytime, physical or psychological activity, or previous patient experience are used. Objective: The aim of this paper is to find out which place the measuring instruments take in pain assessment in surgical patients, and to map the use of individual pain tools in the Czech Republic and the world. Methods: The article was processed using an overview study. The keywords were entered into the EBSCO, PubMed, Medvik and Scopus databases. Further information has been sought in specialist monographs that deal with pain assessment in surgical patients or the use of appropriate pain-measuring instruments. Overall, 39 relevant sources were found. Results: When assessing pain in a patient, it is always necessary to distinguish between acute and chronic pain. In the Czech Republic, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or the Face Scale (FPS) is most often used. On the other hand, the individual scales are more interconnected according to the needs of the patient, and thus the health professionals receive far more information than using only one scale. Conclusions: Nowadays measuring tools simplify the work of nurses and are an essential part of the nursing process. Despite the use of various measurement scales to evaluate pain, it is always necessary to keep in mind that each patient is individual and treats pain in a subjective way.
Optimizing deep learning model selection for angular feature extraction in satellite imagery

Deep learning techniques have been leveraged in numerous applications and across different data modalities over the past few decades, more recently in the domain of remotely sensed imagery. Given the complexity and depth of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) architectures, it is difficult to fully evaluate performance, optimize the hyperparameters, and provide robust solutions to a specific machine learning problem that can be easily extended to similar problems, e.g. via transfer learning. Ursa Space Systems Inc. (Ursa) develops novel machine learning approaches to build custom solutions and extract answers from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data fused with other remote sensing datasets. One application is identifying the orientation with respect to true north of the inlet pipe, which is one common feature located on the top of a cylindrical oil storage tank. In this paper, we propose a two-phase approach for determining this orientation: first an optimized CNN is used to probabilistically determine a coarse orientation of the inlet pipe, followed by a maximum likelihood voting scheme to automatically extract the location of the angular feature within 7.5° . We present a systematic technique to determine the best deep learning CNN architecture for our specific problem and under user-defined optimization and accuracy constraints, by optimizing model hyperparameters (number of layers, size of the input image, and dataset preprocessing) using a manual and grid search approach. The use of this systematic approach for hyperparameter optimization yields increased accuracy for our angular feature extraction algorithm from 86% to 94% and can be extended to similar applications.
Classification of unlabeled observations in Species Distribution Modelling using Point Process Models

Species distribution modelling, which allows users to predict the spatial distribution of species with the use of environmental covariates, has become increasingly popular, with many software platforms providing tools to fit species distribution models. However, the species observations used in species distribution models can have varying levels of quality and can have incomplete information, such as uncertain species identity. In this paper, we develop two algorithms to reclassify observations with unknown species identities which simultaneously predict different species distributions using spatial point processes. We compare the performance of the different algorithms using different initializations and parameters with models fitted using only the observations with known species identity through simulations. We show that performance varies with differences in correlation among species distributions, species abundance, and the proportion of observations with unknown species identities. Additionally, some of the methods developed here outperformed the models that didn’t use the misspecified data. These models represent an helpful and promising tool for opportunistic surveys where misidentification happens or for the distribution of species newly separated in their taxonomy.
Effect of CuO/water nanofluid in the enhancement of convective heat transfer for electronic cooling

Electronic components generate heat as a by product in their operation. Effective handling and dissipation of the heat generated is essential for the development of reliable electronic components. In this work, copper oxide nanoparticles of average size 16nm are synthesized by sol gel method. Then the water based nanofluids of low volume concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2% are prepared by dispersing the required quantity of copper oxide nanoparticles in deionised water. A copper heat sink of overall dimensions 100x100 mm with macro rectangular channels is used for the present study. The prepared nanofluids are tested in the copper heat sink and their convective heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristic are compared with the deionised water. It is found from the experimental results that the average increase in convective heat transfer coefficient of heat sink when CuO/water of 0.2% volume concentration nanofluid is used as the working fluid is 17.8% compared to deionised water while there is no significant rise in pressure drop due to the use of nanofluids.
Bidirectional project method for dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy multiple attribute decision‐making and their application to performance assessment of new rural construction

The dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy set (DHPFS) consists of two parts, that is, the membership hesitancy function and the nonmembership hesitancy function, supporting a more exemplary and flexible access to assign values for each element in the domain. It is very suitable to handle the situation that there are various possible values in membership and nonmembership degrees to depict the true circumstance. The bidirectional project method of DHPFS calculates method considered not only the bidirectional projection magnitudes and the distance but also includes angle between objects evaluated. Therefore, this paper proposes a bidirectional project method of DHPFS to handle the multiple attribute decision‐making (MADM) problem under the dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy environment. Through the measure between each alternative decision matrix and the positive and negative ideal alternative matrix, the ranking order all alternatives can be used to select the best alternative. Furthermore, a model for MADM has been given. Finally, a numerical example for performance assessment of new rural construction has been given to demonstrate the application of bidirectional project method of DHPFS, and we used the dual hesitant Pythagorean weighted Bonferroni mean to compare its reasonable and effectiveness.
Mathematics Anxiety and Learning Styles: What Is the Relationship in Elementary Preservice Teachers?

The study investigated the relationship between elementary preservice teachers' mathematics anxiety levels and learning style preferences. Subjects included 72 preservice teachers at a midsized southeastern U.S. university who were at the end of their third year of study. The subjects completed the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale and the Style Analysis Survey (SAS). Scores obtained on the two instruments were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlations. Eleven of the SAS subscales were examined. The global subscale was the only one related to mathematics anxiety at the p < . 05 level of significance. Findings revealed a low (r= .28) but significant (p < .05) positive correlation between mathematics anxiety and a global (right-brain dominant) learning style. As global orientation scores increased, mathematics anxiety scores increased as well. This study indicated that there is tendency for global learners to possess higher levels of mathematics anxiety.
The association between long working hours and marital status change: middle-aged and educated Korean in 2014–2015

Background We investigated the association between long workhours and marital status change from married to divorced or separated status that might have bad health effects. Methods A total of 40,654 participants with married status in 2014 were followed up in 2015. Weekly workhours were categorized into four groups: ≤ 40, 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours per week. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between groups of workhours and marital status change after adjusting for age, total monthly household income, working type, and depression with sex stratification. Results The study populations consisted of 8,346 (20.5%) females and 32,308 (79.5%) males. Odd ratios (ORs) of marital status change for females working for more than 60 hours per week was 4.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–14.5), when working less than or equal to 40 hours per week was used as reference in the crude model. ORs of working more than 60 hours per week was 4.57 (95% CI: 1.02–20.5) in female workers when considering age, total household earning per month, working type of daytime, and depression in a dose-response manner. However, for male workers, long workhours were not significantly related to change of marriage status. Conclusions Long workhours for more than 60 hours per week had significantly higher risk of divorce or separation in females, but not in males. Further follow-up studies are needed to evaluate long term effects of long workhours on divorce risk.