Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adapting the DIPLOMACY Board Game Concept for 21st Century International Relations Teaching

Background. This article reports on pedagogical experiences of designing and teaching an active learning international relations (IR) course utilizing the classical board game DIPLOMACY, with added game elements and modified game rules to make the game better suited for educational purposes. Aim. Game adaptations include team play, a dedicated peace mediator team, altered win rules and a post-game debriefing discussion on different cultures of anarchy. These elements were designed to overcome a shortcoming that the game approximates a worldview akin to offensive realism, which is not practical in contemporary international relations, and also normatively objectionable to many IR scholars. Method. Teacher experiences designing and modifying the course, coupled with student feedback on the course concept from three consecutive years. Results. Student feedback has been exceedingly positive, with a 4.61 average grade (n = 210 grades) on a five-point Likert-type scale, where 1 signifies poor and 5 excellent. Conclusions. Through game modifications, students turned a game infamous for its backstabbing and breaking of promises into a game that resolves in a mediated and negotiated outcome. The findings suggest that DIPLOMACY can be useful beyond teaching the realist worldview, and adapted to create a more accurate microworld approximation of international relations.
Evaluation of metal-organic frameworks in electronic devices for gas sensing

Integrating nano-porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in electronic devices such as capacitors, transistor or memristor enables sensing applications for a wide variety of guest molecules. Particularly, the incorporation of thin MOF films in metal-insulatorsemiconductor (MIS) capacitor structures allows real-life applications because of its low voltage operation. Additionally, MIS capacitors offer a thorough study of interfacial defects such as interface traps and border traps distributed within the device. In electronic devices, a low concentration of interfacial defects is required to avoid threshold-voltage instabilities. This fact guarantees good stability and performance of electrical devices. This research work provides detailed investigation about charges and defects in MOFs-based MIS capacitors by impedance spectroscopy. Cu3(BTC)2 was coated directly on silicon, and on thermally grown silicon dioxide surfaces in a layer-by-layer fashion. The layer thickness was easily handled by varying the number of spray cycles in the coating process. In addition, Si/SiO2/Al MIS capacitors were investigated for comparison reasons. The successful growth of ultra-thin Cu3(BTC)2 films on silicon substrates was verified via X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. The function of MOFs within MIS capacitors was investigated via capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) characteristics measured at different frequencies and temperatures. The results show evidence of positive and negative fixed charges in the Cu3(BTC)2 dielectric layer as well as of the presence of border traps which cause hysteresis in the C-V characteristics. Evidence of interface traps is directly observed by the peak on the conductance curve. Analysis of the data demonstrates that ultra-thin Cu3(BTC)2 films prepared without ultrasonication exhibit a relatively low density of border traps (~10 11 cm -2 ), interface traps (~10 11 eV -1 cm -2 ) and time response in the order of μs. Temperature-dependent measurements degrade the electrical quality of the MOFs. The addition of ultrasonication steps on the coating process decreases considerably the density of border traps. Additionally, the layers are more stable under heating experiments, and after cooling they almost recover the initial state. The experimental results show that MOF-based capacitors exhibit interface quality comparable to inorganic materials, making them suitable for sensing applications.
On Scheduling Constraint Abstraction for Multi-Threaded Program Verification

Bounded model checking is among the most efficient techniques for the automated verification of concurrent programs. However, due to the nondeterministic thread interleavings, a large and complex formula is usually required to give an exact encoding of all possible behaviors, which significantly limits the scalability. Observing that the large formula is usually dominated by the exact encoding of the scheduling constraint, this paper proposes a novel scheduling constraint based abstraction refinement method for multi-threaded C program verification. Our method is both efficient in practice and complete in theory, which is challenging for existing techniques. To achieve this, we first proposed an effective and powerful technique which works well for nearly all benchmarks we evaluated. We have proposed the notion of Event Order Graph (EOG), and have devised two graph-based algorithms over EOG for counterexample validation and refinement generation, which can often obtain a small yet effective refinement constraint. Then, to ensure completeness, our method was enhanced with two constraint-based algorithms for counterexample validation and refinement generation. Experimental results on SV-COMP 2017 benchmarks and two real-world server systems indicate that our method is promising and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art tools.
Double perovskite La2CrMnO6: synthesis, optical and transport properties

We have investigated the optical and transport properties of double perovskite La 2 CrMnO 6 (LCMO) synthesized by auto combustion sol-gel method. The single phase formation with orthorhombic structure having P b n m symmetry has been confirmed by Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The particle size has been calculated from Debye Scherer formula and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The elemental composition has been checked using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The infrared (IR) reflectivity spectrum has been measured in the frequency range of 30–7500 cm−1 at near normal incidence at room temperature. We observed only eight well resolved phonon modes. Indirect optical band gap ∼0.96 eV has been estimated using Tauc relation from UV-visible absorption spectrum. The DC electrical resistivity measurement suggests small polaronic hopping above room temperature. The temperature and frequency dependent AC dielectric measurements and the value of activation energy support semiconducting nature of the material.
M/EEG analysis of naturalistic stories: a review from speech to language processing

ABSTRACT M/EEG research using naturally spoken stories as stimuli has focused largely on speech and not language processing. The temporal resolution of M/EEG is a two-edged sword, allowing for the study of the fine acoustic structure of speech, yet easily overwhelmed by the temporal noise of variation in constituent length. Recent theories on the neural encoding of linguistic structure require the temporal resolution of M/EEG, yet suffer from confounds when studied on traditional, heavily controlled stimuli. Recent methodological advances allow for synthesising naturalistic designs and traditional, controlled designs into effective M/EEG research on naturalistic language. In this review, we highlight common threads throughout the at-times distinct research traditions of speech and language processing. We conclude by examining the tradeoffs and successes of three M/EEG studies on fully naturalistic language paradigms and the future directions they suggest.
Chemical Trend of Transition-Metal Doping in 
WSe2

1 Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 2 Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 3 Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA 4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
Power semiconductor devices temperature monitoring system

The temperature measurement system, for parallel monitoring of temperatures of the power semiconductors devices in power converters is presented in the paper. The system was implemented in a power electronics converter for rapid recognition of the power losses level generated by individual power components. This information is important when evaluating system efficiency, current flow symmetry, and allowable output power in a given inverter configuration. The proposed system utilizes parallel multi-channel temperature measurements with digital temperature sensors operating on separate serial 1-Wire buses. FPGA device collects data from the temperature sensors and sends them through wireless interface to a PC terminal. The structure of the system as well as particular devices are described in the paper. Selected results of experimental investigations which show proper operation of the system are presented as well.
Performance estimation and analysis of power line communication using single-ended loop testing

Abstract: Using the electricity infrastructure for broadband data transmission is known as power line communication (PLC). The quality of broadband connectivity over a power line is a strong function of the line topology. Two-step hybrid single-ended loop testing (SELT) to estimate the open port loop topology of power lines is discussed in this paper. Correlation time domain reflectometry (CTDR) at different sockets is used to construct the initial topology. Optimization-based frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) is employed to ascertain more accurate power line topology. The discussed method has the advantage of reusing the existing DSL modem for the measurement and no prior knowledge is needed for the topology estimation. This method is validated for a wide range of line topologies with different numbers of bridge taps. The performance of the estimated topology is calculated using two-port network theory and the influence of the bridge taps on the performance of the line is analyzed.
On the Origin of the Large Remanent Polarization in La:HfO2

The outstanding remanent polarization of 40 µC cm–2 reported for a 10 nm thin La:HfO2 film in 2013 has attracted much attention. However, up to now, no explanation for this large remanent polarization has been presented. Density functional theory and X‐ray diffraction are used to shine light onto three major aspects that impact the macroscopically observed remanent polarization: phase fraction, spontaneous polarization, and crystallographic texture. Density functional theory calculations show that the spontaneous polarization (Ps) of La:HfO2 is indeed a bit larger than for other HfO2‐ or ZrO2‐based compounds; however, the Ps is not large enough to explain the observed differences in remanent polarization. While neither phase fractions nor spontaneous polarization nor strain are significantly different from those in other HfO2 films, a prominent 020/002 texture distinguishes La doped from other HfO2‐based ferroelectric films. Angular‐dependent diffraction data provide a pathway to calculate the theoretically expected remanent polarization, which is in agreement with the experimental observations. Finally, an interplay of the in‐plane strain and texture is proposed to impact the formation of the ferroelectric phase during annealing. Further aspects of the special role of La as a dopant are collected and discussed to motivate future research.
Study of RLS trade-off mitigation utilizing a novel negative chemically amplified resist for high resolution patterning

The acid diffusion in chemically amplified resists (CARs) which are a current standard resist for semiconductor device manufacturing is a significant concern in the development of highly resolving resists. Thus, high resolution CARs are reduced the number of the acid catalytic reaction per acid by high amount of acid quencher to suppressed acid diffusion blur for remaining low line width roughness (LWR) number. Non-chemically amplified resists (non-CARs) are generally lower LWR than CARs. However, non-CARs are generally less sensitive to radiation than CARs due to lack of amplification mechanism. Recently, we proposed a negative-type resist utilizing non-CAR and CAR reactions on the same platform. This resist use radiation induced non-catalitic reactions which are polarity change of onium decomposition and radical crosslinking of radiation decomposed monomers. And also, the resist uses an acid catalytic etherification utilizing diphenyl methanol derivative and aliphatic alcohol. These combination reaction by non-CARs and CAR are expected to contribute the sensitivity improvement for high resolution resist. The synthesized resists were composed of triarylsulfonium cations as a polarity changer and radical generator, 2,2,2-trisubstituted acetophenone as a radical generator, triphenyl(4-vinylphenyl)stannane (TPSnSt) as an EUV absorption enhancer and a quencher, and 4- [(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)hydroxymethyl]phenylmethacrylate (ARMA) as a polymer-bound acid-reactive unit. As the result, a 25 nm HP pattern could be obtained with 2.1 nm LWR and at 160 μC/cm2.
A hybrid approach to recognising activities of daily living from patterns of objects use

Over the years the cost of providing assistance and support to the ever-increasing population of the elderly and the cognitively impaired has become an economic epidemic. Therefore, the emergence of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) has become imperative, as it encourages independent and autonomous living by providing assistance to the end user by conducting activity and behaviour recognition. Accurate recognition of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) play an important role in providing assistance and support to the elderly and cognitively impaired. Current knowledge-driven and ontology-based techniques model object concepts from assumptions and everyday common knowledge of object used for routine activities. Modelling activities from such information can lead to incorrect recognition of particular routine activities resulting in possible failure to detect abnormal activity trends. In cases, where such prior knowledge are not available, such techniques become virtually unemployable. A significant step in the recognition of activities is the accurate discovery of the object usage for specific routine activities. This thesis presents a hybrid approach for automatic consumption of sensor data and associating object usage to routine activities using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling. This process enables the recognition of simple activities of daily living from object usage and interactions in the home environment. In relation to this, the work in this thesis addresses the problem of discovering object usage as events and contexts describing specific routine activities, especially where they have not been predefined. The main contribution is the development of a hybrid knowledge-driven activity recognition approach which acquires the knowledge of object usage through activity-object use discovery for the accurate specification of activities and object concepts. The evaluation of the proposed approach on the Kasteren and Ordonez datasets show that it yields better results compared to existing techniques.
Investigation of strengthening effect on the machining rigidity in longitudinal torsional ultrasonic milling of thin-plate structures

Weak-stiffness structures are difficult to be machined because of their low stiffness, large deformation and poor stability through conventional machining. Ultrasonic-assisted machining has the superiority of reducing cutting force and increasing stiffness, which can result in better cutting performance particularly in machining weak-stiffness structures. In this article, the stiffness-strengthening effect of longitudinal torsional ultrasonic milling of thin-plate structures is thoroughly investigated by theoretical analysis and experimental trials. The strengthening coefficient of equivalent stiffness is obtained by analyzing the forced vibrations of the thin-plate structure under conventional milling and ultrasonic milling loading, respectively. The ultrasonic vibration period and the actual cutting time in one ultrasonic vibration period are proved to be the factors responsible for the stiffness-strengthening effect in ultrasonic cutting. When compared with conventional milling, longitudinal torsional ultrasonic milling trials show that the equivalent stiffness of the machining system can be increased by 1.92 times, despite the rigidity strengthening coefficient decreases with the increasing spindle speed.
Preventing Dendrite Growth by a Soft Piezoelectric Material

We report a piezoelectric mechanism to stop dendrite growth, which enables inherently safe lithium metal battery. For demonstration, a polarized piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is used as a separator. When the film is deformed by any local protrusion because of surface instability of the deposited lithium, a local piezoelectric over-potential is generated to suppress lithium deposition on the protrusion. Our optical in situ cell shows that a polarized PVDF film ensures lithium metal depositing to form a flat surface, even when starting from an uneven surface. In contrast, a nonpolarized PVDF film cannot suppress dendrite growth under the same condition, with dendrite penetrating the separator within minutes. Coin cell results further confirm that the piezoelectric mechanism is effective in practical battery applications. Analysis suggests that the effectiveness of piezoelectric mechanism by over-potential is easily 104 stronger than the maximum physical limit of mechanical blocking from .
Analysis of thermoelastic characteristics of disk using linear properties of material

In this paper, finite element method (FEM) is applied on vibrating disk to study thermoelastic characteristics (stress, strain and displacement). Thermoelastic characteristics of disk are examined under two distinct cases of temperature distribution (uniform and steady-state). The material properties young’s modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion and density are considered as constant as well as linear function of radius of the disk The materials Aluminimu (Al ) and Alumina (Al2O3 ) are considered for construction of functionally graded material (FGM) disk. Further, Poisson’s ratio taken as constant because an effect of Poisson’s ration on thermoelastic characteristics is negligible. To find solution of governing equation standard discretization approach of finite element method is used. The Graphical results show’s significance variation of the Radial stress, Circumferential stress, Radial strain, Circumferential strain and Displacement with respect to normalized radial distance and Kibel Number. The analysis of the results shows that thermoelastic characteristics are not independent of temperature distribution as well as material properties.
Gas Phase Infrared Spectroscopy of Glycolipids

Carbohydrates and lipids are not only energy sources and structural components of cells but fulfill very diverse and important roles in a multitude of cellular processes. The combination of a carbohydrate and a lipid linked via a glycosidic bond yields a glycolipid. Glycolipids occur in all kinds of organisms where they constitute major components of cell membranes, mediate cell-cell interactions and modulate immune responses. Their biological activities are highly dependent on their exact three-dimensional structures; however, the elucidation of glycolipid structures is inherently challenging due to the non-template-driven regioand stereoselective synthesis of the carbohydrate and additional variations of the lipid moiety, such as length, saturation and hydroxylation. The modular biosynthesis of glycolipids generates many different and often isomeric combinations of glycans and lipids, which are not always distinguishable by standard analytical workflows based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The structural analysis of isomeric glycolipids thus requires orthogonal techniques yielding complementary information. In some cases, ion mobility spectrometry can be used to distinguish isomers based on their different cross sections in the gas phase. Another promising structure-sensitive technique is cryogenic gas phase infrared spectroscopy, which falls under the term action spectroscopy and yields highly resolved, reproducible IR spectra of isolated ions in the clean gas phase environment. In this work, sets of isomeric glycolipids were systematically investigated using ion mobility-mass spectrometry and cryogenic gas phase IR spectroscopy in helium nanodroplets. The obtained IR spectra of various isomeric glycosphingolipids bearing different monosaccharide headgroups are diagnostic for both the type of monosaccharide and the anomeric configuration because of very characteristic and reproducible absorption bands in the fingerprint region (1000–1150 cm-1). A more complex trisaccharide headgroup still yields a well-resolved IR fingerprint. The influence of the lipid part was examined by comparing IR spectra of glycolipids bearing the same headgroup but a different sphingoid base or a diacylglycerol. The exchange of phytosphingosine for sphingosine does not alter the fingerprint region significantly but influences the intensity of the amine bending vibration, whereas the introduction of a diacylglycerol changes the whole spectrum. The data show that cryogenic gas phase IR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to distinguish glycolipids bearing isomeric glycans up to a certain size, anomeric configurations and also subtle variations in the lipid moiety. Furthermore, the applicability of IR spectroscopy to distinguish double bond isomers was tested on synthetic derivatives of 1-deoxysphingosine. Depending on the position and configuration of the C C double bond, distinct N H bending modes of the protonated amine are observed. Gas phase IR spectroscopy could thus fill a gap in lipidomics, where lipid double bond isomers still pose a major challenge.
Tensile properties of polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene/nano-titanium dioxide nanocomposites using a two-level factorial experiment

In this paper, a 23 factorial design analysis was used to study the parameters affecting the mechanical characteristics of polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene/nano-titanium dioxide (PP/LLDPE/TiO2) nanocomposites, and to optimize these factors in order to predict the maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elastic modulus (EM), and yield strength (YS) simultaneously. To do this, two levels of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as the coupling agent were selected and eight experiments were conducted for every response. The most effective factors influencing the UTS, EM, and YS were found, and acceptable prediction regression models were taken. One noted that nanoparticles increased the elastic modulus. The attendance of high levels of LLDPE and SEBS resulted in a decrease in YS and UTS. Moreover, the optimum values of variables were determined by using the contour plot.