Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community structure and natural kinds

According to property cluster accounts of natural kinds, a natural kind is a collection or family of properties that, for some reason or another (e.g., causal relations), tend to cluster together (Boyd, 1991; Khalidi, 2015). Because these properties cluster, they ground inductive inferences of the sort characteristic of scientific explanation, e.g., the projectability of predicates. For example, we are warranted in inferring from the fact instances x0, x1, . , xn satisfy predicate P to the conclusion all instances of that type satisfy P because these instances instantiate a collection of properties such that those properties considered independently of P tend to also cause the instantiation of P . In a recent paper, Khalidi (2015) introduces what appears to be a graphtheoretic version of a cluster account, according to which natural kinds are viewed as nodes in a causal network satisfying certain conditions (described below). While this is a promising strategy for elaborating on cluster approaches, Khalidi’s analysis fails to capitalize on the benefits of introducing graph theory. In this paper, I appeal to the notion of community structure to further develop the graph-theoretic approach, and show how doing so can lead to a more robust understanding of natural kinds. The structure of this paper is as follows. The graph-theoretic components of Khalidi’s account are briefly summarized in section 2. In section 3 I extend this analysis by appealing to other features of graphs beyond those identified by Khalidi. Finally, in section 4, I discuss some of the benefits and limitations of this extension.
A nanoelectromechanical systems optical switch driven by optical gradient force

A nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) optical switch driven by optical gradient force is demonstrated. The switch consists of a free-standing ring resonator and two bus waveguides. When the free-standing ring is bended by the optical gradient force, the output transmission signal is tuned from the on-state to the off-state of the switch. The NEMS optical switch shows a switching time of 43.5 ns and a switching contrast of more than 25 dB. With its chip-scale integrability, the optical switch has potential applications in signal processing and high-speed optical communication networks.
Analysing the precision of dental impression on angulated implants using full arch and sectional approaches in the abutment and fixture levels

Aim and background: The goal of this research is, to study the effect of different dental impression methods in the abutment and fixture levels using the Sectional (SE) and Full Arch (FA) approaches in some implants with internal connectionsas well as different angles of each implant placements on the accuracy of the final casts. Methods and Materials: 4 analogues(implant replicas) were placed on both sides of the imaginary arch (the premolar and the first molar area)in a way that, the opposite side analogues would buccolingually make an angle of 4060 degreeswhile, each of the analogueswere tilted 10 degreesmesially in their longitudinal axis. The dental impression procedure in both fixture and abutment levels was conducted by the same person using Poly Vinyl Siloxane (PVS). 10 FA and 10 SE dental impressions were taken from each fixture and abutmentlevels. The impressions were castedusingDental Stone Type IV. The center to center distance between the implants (a, b and etc.) along with their angles (θ1, θ2 and etc.) on the initial cast and the duplicated cast were all measured using the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) device in the X-Y-Z axis. The results were analyzed using a statistic software called Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20) based on theT-Test, One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA statistical methods. (p<0.05) Results: The results of the Two-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the studied groups. (P<0.001) The results of the One-Way ANOVA illustratedchanges of line and angle movements in all positions as (Δa, Δb, Δc, etc.) and (Δθ1, Δθ2, etc.) while, using FA impression in the fixture and the abutment levels showed a significant statistical difference. (P<0.001) The results of the T-Test in the SE approach in two levels of fixture and abutment demonstratedthat, only changes in θ2angle wassignificant, as other changes of (Δf and Δθ1)also showed a significant difference. (P>0.05) Moreover, the SE approach in abutment’s level was significantly more precise in accordanceto the fixture level. Conclusion: In angulated implants, it is recommended to make the dental impressionin the abutment level using a sectional approach which, has higher precision.
Quantitative determination of secondary compounds in populations of Eryngium foetidum L. from India

Eryngium foetidum L. belongs to the family Apiaceae is known as, cilantro or spiny coriander. It is an aromatic herb containing 0.1-0.95% of essential oil. The herb is used as a substitute to coriander and contains iron, carotene, riboflavin, calcium, vitamins and a peculiar saponin. It is widely used as food flavoring and seasoning herb for variety of dishes. The present study aims at quantitative analysis of total phenols, flavonoids, tannin and vitamin C content present in different ecotypes of E. foetidum collected from Andaman, Darjeeling and Karnataka. The investigations showed that a significant variation in secondary compounds from the three different regions collected. The phenolic content was high in Darjeeling sample whereas, Andaman sample showed high amount of flavonoids and tannins. The sample from Karnataka was rich in vitamin C content. The study shows that variation in ecotypic condition has lead to the difference in percentage of secondary
Configuration of multi mirror systems for single high-speed camera based 3D motion analysis

The use of multi camera systems to determine 3D object coordinates is a common approach in close range photogrammetry. The paper discusses system configurations based on a single camera and mirror systems to generate a virtual multi camera system. The two main advantages of mirror-based multiple-view vision systems can be seen in the lack of synchronisation requirements and the costs of only one camera. The latter applies especially if high speed cameras are required to capture the dynamics of an application. These advantages have to be weighted against the disadvantages of a reduced active image format per view and the restrictions to the imaging geometry. In the paper we present two different systems used for motion analysis applications: A fixed two mirror system is used to analyse pedestrian protection testing in the context of vehicle safety development, and a flexible four mirror system is used to capture 3D velocity fields of particles visualising gas flows in a wind tunnel. A geometric model for multi-mirror stereoscopic systems has been developed, representing the mirror system by multiple virtual cameras in order to warrant compatibility with existing photogrammetric stereo data processing software solutions. The accuracies achieved in practical tests are almost comparable to those obtained with multi camera systems.
Nutritional Status of ICDS and Non-ICDS Children

Abstract The present study was dividing into two groups’ i.e 15 preschool children who receiving supplement diet in the ICDS Centres and their mother and preschool children not receiving supplement diet in the ICDS centers and their mothers of Resham Ghar Colony of Jammu city (Jammu and Kashmir State). Purposive sampling technique was used. Interview schedules, check list and recall dietary method was used to collect the data. Result reveals that all the ICDS centres were providing supplementary nutrition to children, pregnant women and nursing mothers who enrolled in the Anganwadi. Most of the mothers had the knowledge about the nutritional status of children and got information from the Anganwadi workers. Data shows that all the Anganwadi workers were assessing the nutritional status of children by taking height and weight in Anganwadi. Majority of the respondents were not aware regarding the maintenance of records in the Anganwadi centres but they had very positive attitude towards ICDS Centres and all the mothers observed some changes in the children after enrolled in the ICDS centres. Result indicates that majority of the mothers whose children did not attend any ICDS centres told that it was not necessary for the children to attend any ICDS centres and did not have any knowledge regarding supplementary foods and nutritional needs of the children. Majority of the mothers were immunized their children from the Primary Health Centres. All the respondents observed some changes in the children. It was found that children who attended Anganwadi centres had good health or appearance as compared to their counterparts. It was also observed that ICDS children had good dietary intake as compared to the children who did not attend ICDS centres.
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Models: A Review

Abstract Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models have successfully been employed in order to predict asset return volatility. Predicting volatility is of great importance in pricing financial derivatives, selecting portfolios, measuring and managing investment risk more accurately. In this paper, a number of univariate and multivariate ARCH models, their estimating methods and the characteristics of financial time series, which are captured by volatility models, are presented. The number of possible conditional volatility formulations is vast. Therefore, a systematic presentation of the models that have been considered in the ARCH literature can be useful in guiding one’s choice of a model for exploiting future volatility, with applications in financial markets.
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON NANODELIVERY SYSTEMS AND THEIR BENEFICIAL APPLICATIONS IN ENHANCING THE EFFICACY OF HERBAL DRUGS

Herbal remedies have been extensively used since times immemorial throughout the world. These have wide acceptability due to their time-tested therapeutic values and minimal side effects in contrast to modern allopathic medicines. Commonly, the herbal medicines are available in the form of crude extracts prepared in different solvent systems which might not only need large dose administration but also could be less effective in the form of conventional formulations. Moreover, available phytoformulations do not have the ability for specific tissue target delivery in case of different chronic diseases. Oral administration of these herbal formulations is subjected to adverse pH, enzymatic degradation and ultimately poor gut absorption and bioavailability. With the advancements in biotechnology, genomics, and combinatorial chemistry, new, more potent and specific drug delivery systems have been envisaged during the last few decades. Constraints associated with conventional phytopharmaceuticals have been improved by designing and using ―Nano Delivery Systems‖ (NDS). is to provide sustained drug release, site-specific action, and improved patient‘s compliance. Nano herbal medicines can be used to target them to the specific site in the body which improves their selectivity, solubility, delivery, safety, effectiveness and thus reduces the need for
EyeWeS: Weakly Supervised Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in the developed world. With the increasing number of diabetic patients there is a growing need of an automated system for DR detection. We propose Eye WeS, a method that not only detects DR in eye fundus images but also pinpoints the regions of the image that contain lesions, while being trained with image labels only. We show that it is possible to convert any pre-trained convolutional neural network into a weakly-supervised model while increasing their performance and efficiency. EyeWeS improved the results of Inception V3 from 94.9% Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC) to 95.8% AUC while maintaining only approximately 5% of the Inception V3's number of parameters. The same model is able to achieve 97.1% AUC in a cross-dataset experiment.
Visual evoked potential actuated brain computer interface: a brain-actuated cursor system

Flash visual evoked potential (FVEP), induced by OFF-to-ON flash, i.e. flash onset, in a light emitting diode (LED) was used to control four cursor movements (left, right, up, down), and left- and right-button clicks on a screen menu. ON or OFF duration in each flashing sequence was designed to be random so that all flashing sequences were mutually independent. Since FVEPs are time-locked and phase-locked to flash onsets of gazed LEDs, segmenting EEG signals based on the flash onsets of each flashing sequence followed by averaging will sharpen epochs evoked by gazed LEDs. Four inexperienced subjects were asked to generate a sequence of cursor commands. Mean recognition and transfer rates were 88% and 3.74 s/command, respectively.
The sexual objectification of girls and aggression towards them in gang and non-gang affiliated youth

ABSTRACT Sexual objectification is related to various negative attitudes and outcomes, including rape proclivity and reduced moral concern for the objectified, which suggests that objectification has implications for aggression. Our study examined the relationship between objectification and general aggressive behaviour in adolescents, including gang-affiliated youth. We hypothesized that (1) objectification would correlate with aggression towards girls, (2) gang affiliation would correlate with objectification and aggression towards girls, and (3) objectification and gang affiliation would interact such that strongly affiliated participants who objectified girls would be most aggressive towards them. We also hypothesized that sexual objectification would be a significant predictor of aggression above and beyond other factors, such as trait aggression. As predicted, objectification correlated with aggression towards girls and with gang affiliation, which also correlated with aggression. In addition, objectification predicted aggression towards girls, after controlling for other relevant factors. Further, we found an objectification × gang affiliation interaction, which differed from our original predictions. Among participants low in gang affiliation, objectification of girls predicted levels of aggression towards them. Among those high in gang affiliation, however, objectification did not predict aggression. We discussed the implications of our findings for general aggression.
Inclusion of Linearized Moist Physics in NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation Tools

AbstractInclusion of moist physics in the linearized version of a weather forecast model is beneficial in terms of variational data assimilation. Further, it improves the capability of important tools, such as adjoint-based observation impacts and sensitivity studies. A linearized version of the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS) convection scheme has been developed and tested in NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System data assimilation tools. A previous study of the RAS scheme showed it to exhibit reasonable linearity and stability. This motivates the development of a linearization of a near-exact version of the RAS scheme. Linearized large-scale condensation is included through simple conversion of supersaturation into precipitation. The linearization of moist physics is validated against the full nonlinear model for 6- and 24-h intervals, relevant to variational data assimilation and observation impacts, respectively. For a small number of profiles, sudden large growth in the perturbation trajectory is encou.
Poisoned Praise

High-power people frequently receive compliments from subordinates, yet little is known about how high-power people respond to praise. The current research addresses this gap in the empirical literature by testing the primary hypothesis that high-power people discount others’ praise more than equal- and low-power people. Secondary hypotheses also tested whether high-power people’s tendency to discount positive feedback would paradoxically heighten negative perceptions of others. Evidence from two experiments (one preregistered) reveals that high-power participants discounted feedback from others more than low- and equal-power participants. However, high-power people’s tendency to discount feedback only produced negative partner perceptions when positive feedback, but not neutral feedback, was discounted. These results suggest that compliments may sometimes backfire and lead high-power people to discount praise and form negative impressions of subordinates.
Image Based Attitude Determination Using an Optical Correlator

The paper discusses a spacecraft attitude determination system based on image data provided by an onboard observation camera. The attitude is measured by the observed image motion which can be registered by an appropriate allocation of additional navigational area sensors in the focal plane of the onboard imaging system. An advantageous feature of this concept is the possibility to use the payload observation camera without changes in the optics as attitude sensor. The real-time image processing is performed by a hybrid opto-electronic system based on a Joint Transform Optical Correlator. With up to-date opto-electronic components the correlator can have a size of 20x40x220 mm, a mass within 0.5 kg and a power consumption less than 5 W. The paper presents a system layout of a laboratory prototype and gives the performance estimations in terms of data processing rate, accuracy, sensitivity to noise and distortions and response time under disturbing conditions.
Faceted Secure Multi Execution

To enforce non-interference, both Secure Multi-Execution (SME) and Multiple Facets (MF) rely on the introduction of multi-executions. The attractiveness of these techniques is that they are precise: secure programs running under SME or MF do not change their behavior. Although MF was intended as an optimization for SME, it does provide a weaker security guarantee for termination leaks. This paper presents Faceted Secure Multi Execution (FSME), a novel synthesis of MF and SME that combines the stronger security guarantees of SME with the optimizations of MF. The development of FSME required a unification of the ideas underlying MF and SME into a new multi-execution framework (Multef), which can be parameterized to provide MF, SME, or our new approach FSME, thus enabling an apples-to-apples comparison and benchmarking of all three approaches. Unlike the original work on MF and SME, Multef supports arbitrary (and possibly infinite) lattices necessary for decentralized labeling models---a feature needed in order to make possible the writing of applications where each principal can impose confidentiality and integrity requirements on data. We provide some micro-benchmarks for evaluating Multef and write a file hosting service, called ProtectedBox, whose functionality can be securely extended via third-party plugins.
Rendering Ti 3 C 2 T x ( MXene ) monolayers visible

Herein we report on how to render Ti3C2Tx (MXene) monolayers deposited on SiO2/Si wafers, with different SiO2 thicknesses, visible. Inputting the effective thickness of a Ti3C2Tx monolayer (1± 0.2 nm) measured by atomic force microscopy, and its refractive index into a Fresnel-law-based simulation software, we show that the optical contrast of Ti3C2Tx monolayers deposited on SiO2/Si wafers depends on the SiO2 thickness, number of MXene layers, and the light’s wavelength. The highest contrast was found for SiO2 thicknesses around 220 nm. Simulations for other substrates, namely, Al2O3/Si, HfO2/Si, Si3N4/Si and Al2O3/Al, are presented as supplementary information. IMPACT STATEMENT The experimental and simulated color contrasts between Ti3C2Tx (MXene)monoflakes deposited on SiO2 of various thicknesses—under an optical microscope—were obtained for the first time. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 7 October 2016
Evaluation of Amino Acids Change in Structural Protein of Filoviridae Family during Evolution Process

The likelihood ratios test results for VP24, VP30, VP35, and VP40 proteins of different species of Ebola viruses from Filoviridae family were determined using different models to obtain 2∆l values and to compare them with Chi-Square distribution 99% and 95%. Then, by using site models, BEB(Bayes Empirical Bayes) analysis gives positively selected sites of GP that are in the musin like domain. Results of likelihood ratio test using positive selection models lead to the conclusion that there are evidence for the relation between the change of amino acids in particular sites of structural proteins of this virus and increasing mortality rate of it.
Holonomic surface codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation

Surface codes can protect quantum information stored in qubits from local errors as long as the per-operation error rate is below a certain threshold. Here we propose holonomic surface codes by harnessing the quantum holonomy of the system. In our scheme, the holonomic gates are built via auxiliary qubits rather than the auxiliary levels in multilevel systems used in conventional holonomic quantum computation. The key advantage of our approach is that the auxiliary qubits are in their ground state before and after each gate operation, so they are not involved in the operation cycles of surface codes. This provides an advantageous way to implement surface codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Poster : An anonymity metric of anonymous network

Since anonymous network was proposed, it has been focused on building, analyzing and attacking. However, it is scarce to measure the anonymity. In this paper, we propose a novel, practical metric to evaluate the anonymity of anonymous networks. Starting from the anonymous network model, a measurement method based on node features and path strategies is proposed. The metric and method are mainly applied to Tor and compared with I2P. The experimental result shows that this metric can evaluate the anonymity of anonymous networks to a certain extent. The metric is useful for evaluating the existing anonymous networks and helpful for building an anonymous network. Keywords—anonymous communication network; metric; Tor; I2P; anonymity
An Evaluation of Advanced Dvorak Technique–Derived Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimates during Extratropical Transition Using Synthetic Satellite Imagery

AbstractIt is known that both Dvorak technique and advanced Dvorak technique–derived intensity estimates for tropical cyclones during extratropical transition are less reliable because the empirical relationships between cloud patterns and cyclone intensity underlying each technique are primarily tropical in nature and thus less robust during extratropical transition. However, as direct observations of cyclone intensity during extratropical transition are rare, the precise extent to which such remotely sensed intensity estimates are in error is uncertain. To address this uncertainty and provide insight into how advanced Dvorak technique–derived intensity estimates during extratropical transition may be improved, the advanced Dvorak technique is applied to synthetic satellite imagery derived from 25 numerical simulations of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones—five cases, five microphysical parameterizations—during extratropical transition. From this, an internally consistent evaluation between model-derived a.