Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual-beam microstrip leaky-wave array excited by aperture-coupling method

The paper describes the design of a microstrip leaky-wave array excited by the aperture-coupling technique. The microstrip first higher order leaky mode is employed as the radiation source. Separating the radiators from other components by ground planes provides an optimal design of radiators and other devices so that the inherent broadband, high gain and frequency-scanning properties of the leaky-wave antenna can be exploited. Four kinds of feeding arrangements to excite dual beams are experimented in K band. Markedly reducing the required elements compared to a patch-array for high gain design can simplify the complexity of the feeding layout. Versatile designs combining the merits of multilayer technology offer simplicity and efficient design for practical wireless applications.
Molecular divergence and evolutionary relationships among Aemodogryllinae from Southern China, Laos and Thailand (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae)

In this study we screened for sequence polymorphisms at one mitochondrial (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I) and one nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) gene 33 populations of the cave cricket genera Diestrammena, Paradiestrammena, Eutachycines and Paratachycines from Southern China (three Provinces: Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guizhou), Laos and Thailand. Twenty-five of these populations were assigned to the genus Diestrammena, subgenus Gymnaeta, while the remaining eight belonged to the genera Paradiestrammena (3), Eutachycines (3) and Paratachycines (2). The degree of troglomorphosis varies among them; some populations are blind and depigmented, some have fully developed eyes, while some others show intermediate characteristics. Phylogenetic searches carried out on the two gene partitions separately revealed multiple cases of incongruence but only three of them were statistically significant and were hence removed from the subsequent analyses based on the combined data set. Our data do not support Diestrammena as monophyletic while representatives of Paradiestrammena, Eutachycines and Paratachycines were clustered together; the validity of some nominal species was confirmed molecularly but we also revealed a large number of deeply divergent lineages. Populations with the same degree of troglomorphosis do not cluster together. We identified five major clades; divergence among them (and in a few circumstances also within them) is always higher than the DNA barcode threshold for intraspecific comparisons in insects. In two circumstances, the same clades (III and V) are co-distributed in geographically distinct areas (Provinces). This geographical distribution might be explained by envisioning an evolutionary scenario based on zones of secondary admixture following epigean dispersal among lineages that diverged in allopatry.
Adhesion in spherical contacts and in electrostatic actuation of a carbon nanotube

The Hertz contact theory can predict the onset of yielding for those contacts in which adhesive effect is negligible. However in microscale contacts, yielding will occur for lower loads than predicted by the Hertz theory. The present study provides yield conditions for the JKR, DMT, and Greenwood-Johnson theories of adhesion. Attention is first focused on the initiation of yield along the symmetrical axis of the contact. The results show the critical loads for the three adhesion theories are close together but different significantly from that predicted by Hertz. Results are also obtained for the onset of yielding away from the symmetrical axis using the Greenwood-Johnson theory of adhesion. The carbon nanotube is a popular component in nanotechnology. This study focuses on one kind of structure in NEMS, i.e. a nanoswitch which consists of a doubly clamped carbon nanotube and an electrode plane. When a voltage difference is applied between them, an electrostatic distributed force is produced to bend the nanotube down toward the electrode plane. This study also discusses the effect of two slip zones around both the ends which releases a portion of the tensile force inside the nanotube. The numerical results compare three models of doubly clamped nanotubes – a nanotube without stretching, a nanotube with stretching but no slip zones, and a nanotube with stretching and slip zones, to a doubly pinned nanotube and a nanowire.
Position Control of a Serial Manipulator Using Fuzzy-PID Controllers

This paper presents the position control of a six-axis serial manipulator by using a fuzzy-PID controller. The manipulator has six joints, and each joint is driven by a motor with an encoder for sensing the joint angle. To complete a position movement of the end-effector of the manipulator, the position coordinate first needs to be converted to a sets of joint angles by using the inverse kinematics of the manipulator, and each joint rotation is executed by a feedback control of a motor. To demonstrate the performance the fuzzy-PID controller, a PID controller and two fuzzy controllers are also applied. The results show that the fuzzy-PID controller provides a better performance with a smaller steady-state error.
A ‘Special’ Delivery? Exploring the Impact of Screens, Live-Links and Video-Recorded Evidence on Mock Juror Deliberation in Rape Trials

This article discusses the findings of a study in which 160 volunteer members of the public observed one of four mini rape trial reconstructions and were asked to deliberate as a group towards a verdict. In a context in which research into the substantive content of the deliberations of real jurors is prohibited by the Contempt of Court Act 1981, these discussions were analysed to assess whether, and in what ways, perceptions of adult rape testimony are influenced by different modes of presentation. While lawyers and other observers have speculated about the possible undue effects of alternative trial arrangements on juror perceptions and the evaluation of evidence in rape trials, the issue has received scant empirical attention. In an effort to bridge this knowledge gap, this study investigated the influence upon mock jurors of three special measures currently made available in England and Wales to adult sexual offence complainants by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, namely (1) live-links; (2) video-recorded evidence-in-chief followed by live-link cross-examination and (3) protective screens. Following a careful and contextual exploration of the content of the mock juries’ deliberations, the researchers conclude that there was no clear or consistent impact as a result of these divergent presentation modes, suggesting that concerns over the use of special measures by adult rape complainants (at least in terms of juror influence) may be overstated.
Plant Metabolomics: An Emerging Technology for Crop Improvement

The astounding ability of plants to make smart decisions in response to environment is evident. As they have evolved a long list of complex and unique processes that involve photosynthesis, totipotency, long-distance signaling, and ability to restore structural and metabolic memory, recognition, and communication via emission of the selected class of volatiles. In recent years, use of metabolite profiling techniques in detection, unam - biguous identification, quantification, and rapid analysis of the minute quantity of cel lular micromolecules has increased considerably. Metabolomics is key to understand the chemical footprints during different phases of growth and development of plants. To feed the ever-increasing population with limited inputs and in a rapidly changing environment is the biggest challenges that the world agriculture faces today. To achieve the project genetic gains, the breeding strategies employing marker-assisted selection for high-yielding varieties and identifying germplasm resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses are already in vogue. Henceforth, new approaches are needed to discover and deploy agronomically important gene/s that can help crops better withstand weather extremes and growing pest prevalence worldwide. In this context, metabolic engineering technol - ogy looks viable option, with immense potential to deliver the future crops. leaves and early flowering. The Arabidopsis At-LBD37/ASL39-overexpressor plants showed similar morphological leaf changes (i.e., hyponastic leaves), and had increased levels of amino acids and metabolites related to nitrogen metabolism. Subsequent profiling of metabolites and transcriptomes of the rice Os- LBD37/ASL39 -overexpressing lines ascertained the same function of Os- LBD37/ASL39 in rice and Arabidopsis . The analysis revealed notable features in rice overexpressor plants including early heading, metabolite alterations (related to nitrogen metabolism), and advanced leaf senescence. These findings established a close association between Os- LBD37/ ASL39 and nitrogen metabolism in rice. for small compounds, including primary metabolites; ultra-pressure liquid chromatography-quadruple-TOF-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for hydrophilic compounds; capillary electrophoresis-TOF-MS (CE-TOF-MS) for ionic compounds; and liquid chromatography-ion trap-TOF-MS (LC-IT-TOF-MS) for polar lipids. The study defined a correlation between genetic diversity metabolite trait a amylose/total samples, rice varieties, and the two mutants, high-, middle-, low-amylose/ total starch ratios, respectively. The amylose/total starch ratio was found to be associated with metabolites in rice kernels of the cultivars. this association was not observed in the mutants. The two loss-of-function mutants- e1 , a starch synthase IIIa ( SSIIIa )-deficient mutant and
Model Calibration in Option Pricing

We consider calibration problems for models of pricing derivatives which occur in mathematical finance. We discuss various approaches such as using stochastic differential equations or partial differential equations for the modeling process. We discuss the development in the past literature and give an outlook into modern approaches of modelling. Furthermore, we address important numerical issues in the valuation of options and likewise the calibration of these models. This leads to interesting problems in optimization, where, e.g., the use of adjoint equations or the choice of the parametrization for the model parameters play an important role.
The Combined Effects Of Frequency Of Satisfaction And Domain Equity On Relational Satisfaction

Romantic relationship research has yet to identify the relationship between conflict, an interpersonal variable, and equity, an intrapersonal variable. The current study represents the first attempt to understand these variables’ contribution, separately and interactionally, on individual partner’s feelings of relationship satisfaction. A total of 106 undergraduate and graduate participants completed questionnaires gauging their frequency of conflict and perceptions of equity across each of five relational domains: Love, Status/Power, Money, Services, and Sex, in addition to reporting general levels of relationship satisfaction. Data were interpreted in three separate relationships: conflict and satisfaction, equity and satisfaction, and the interaction of conflict and equity (conflict x equity) and satisfaction. Results indicate a significant negative relationship between conflict and satisfaction. Secondly, perceptions of inequity relate to low levels of satisfaction in the Love and Status/Power domains. Finally, the combination of conflict and inequity demonstrate significant differences in satisfaction scores in the Status/Power domain only.
Online Scientific Dissemination of Knowledge Blended with Face-to-Face Learning

Danish seed scientists want to disseminate their knowledge to the Danish seed industry to educate consultants, growers, and students and to improve their skills and knowledge about seed production. Interviews and workshop activities have been conducted to analyze both the current information flow between the seed scientists, seed consultants, and the seed growers, and the requirements for a knowledge website for learning new seed science. This paper describes the specification requirements set for the required website including taxonomized hierarchical meta-tagging, RSS, legal matters, together with limitations and potentials. However, selecting online communication media as a dissemination tool for a community comes with a challenge – among other things it risks creating a learning divide between fast and slow learners. According to the theoretical framework “Diffusion of Innovation” innovation is experienced differently throughout a society due to fast and slow adopters. Blending online learning with face-to-face experience will strengthen the learning curve among the targeted users and ensure a faster dissemination of knowledge and thus learning to the entire community.
EXTRACTION OF INTERNAL SPATIAL FEATURES OF INHOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRIC OBJECTS USING NEAR-FIELD REFLECTION DATA

Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave radar imaging tech- niques provide a non-invasive means to extract information related to an object's internal structure. For these applications, a short-duration electromagnetic wave is transmitted into an object of interest and the backscattered flelds that arise due to dielectric contrasts at interfaces are measured. In this paper, we present a method that may be used to estimate the time-of-arrival (TOA) parameter associated with each re∞ection that arises due to a dielectric property discontinuity (or di- electric interface). A second method uses this information to identify the locations of points on these interfaces. When data are collected at a number of sensor locations surrounding the object, the collection of points may be used to estimate the shape of contours that segre- gate and enclose dissimilar regions within the object. The algorithm is tested with data generated when a cylindrical wave is applied to a num- ber of numerical 2D models of increasing complexity. Moreover, the algorithm's feasibility is evaluated using data generated from breast models constructed from magnetic resonance (MR) breast scans. Re- sults show that this is a promising approach to identifying regions and the internal structure within the breast.
Assessing the Role of Particles in Radiative Heat Transfer during Oxy-Combustion of Coal and Biomass Blends

This study assesses the required fidelities in modeling particle radiative properties and particle size distributions (PSDs) of combusting particles in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigations of radiative heat transfer during oxy-combustion of coal and biomass blends. Simulations of air and oxy-combustion of coal/biomass blends in a 0.5 MW combustion test facility were carried out and compared against recent measurements of incident radiative fluxes. The prediction variations to the combusting particle radiative properties, particle swelling during devolatilization, scattering phase function, biomass devolatilization models, and the resolution (diameter intervals) employed in the fuel PSD were assessed. While the wall incident radiative flux predictions compared reasonably well with the experimental measurements, accounting for the variations in the fuel, char and ash radiative properties were deemed to be important as they strongly influenced the incident radiative fluxes and the temperature predictions in these strongly radiating flames. In addition, particle swelling and the diameter intervals also influenced the incident radiative fluxes primarily by impacting the particle extinction coefficients. This study highlights the necessity for careful selection of particle radiative property, and diameter interval parameters and the need for fuel fragmentation models to adequately predict the fly ash PSD in CFD simulations of coal/biomass combustion.
Solid-State Fermentation in a Bag Bioreactor: Effect of Corn Cob Mixed with Phytopathogen Biomass on Spore and Cellulase Production by Trichoderma asperellum

The solid-state fermentation (SSF) is the best option to produce spores of biological control agents (BCA), because the spores have a long shelf life, compared with the obtained in liquid cultures. The spore production under SSF conditions using poly‐ ethylene bioreactors (bag-type) is a new topic. Only little information mainly about bioreactors design and adequate conditions to spore production is available. The main aim of this study was to use the corn cob as substrate in SSF and produce spores of the fungi BCA Trichoderma asperellum in a polyethylene bioreactor. In the process was added biomass of the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici as inducers of hydrolase enzymes (endoglucanases, exoglucanases and chitinases). It is possible to obtain high levels of spores, cellulases and chitinases using a polyethylene bioreactor under SSF conditions by T. asperellum and corn cob as substrate. Under the SSF conditions evaluated, the biomass of C. gloeosporioides has an inducer effect just on the spore production. However, P. capsici have effect on all response variables evaluated. The spore production was twice when used P. capsici as inducer. The most influential factor under SSF was the moisture. Levels of 66 and 50% of this factor increase the yield in all response variables evaluated (sporulation, cellulases and chitinases), C. gloeosporioides and P. capsici , respectively.
Evaluation of a screening and selection method for Bacillus isolates for use as effective direct-fed microbials in commercial poultry.

Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials may be an effective alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Environmental samples were pasteurized to remove vegetative cells, plated onto TSA or SPA for 24 or 72 h and overlayed with soft agar containing S. enteritidis or C. perfringens. Isolates which produced antimicrobial activity against both pathogens were used to inoculate a solid state fermentation media and allowed to sporulate, to numbers greater than 10 spores/g and subjected to in vivo testing in both poults and chicks. 9 In exp. 1 chicks fed isolates PHL-RW35 and PHL-RW41, at doses of 10 and 10 spores/g feed respectively, 7 5 showed significant increases (p<0.05) in both Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG). No significant differences in BW or BWG were noted in poults for any treatment. In this experiment, all groups were challenged with 10 cfu of S. typhimurium at day-of-hatch, no significant differences in Salmonella were 5 noted between groups. In experiment 2 PHL-RW41 fed at 10 spores/g of feed significantly increased BWG 5 by 8.3 and 11.7% in chicks and poults respectively. Isolate PHL-RW35 also increased BW and BWG in poults. These data indicate this approach for in vitro selection may be effective for screening and selection of Bacillus direct-fed microbials capable of causing an increase in BW and BWG in commercial poultry.
Functional Materials Design through the "Geo-inspired" Concept

The "Geo-inspired" novel concept is proposed, based on using the crystal and bonding characteristics of existing minerals to devise novel man-made materials. It is also used to address grand challenges in designing next generation functional materials such as new ultra-hard materials and layered oxides. Extension is proposed for identifying exotic chemical systems, in order to further stress its generality.
Relationship Between Pathological Personality Traits and Defense Mechanisms in The Community Sample of Russian-Speaking Adult Inhabitants of Latvia

This article aims to define what kind of relationship exists between pathological traits and defense mechanisms. Primary data was used in this research, which has been collected from 14th until 30th of March in 2017. Research participants were 57% male and 43% female in the age of early adultness 25-39 years (M = 29.9, SD = 3.33). Two measures were used “Multidimensional Clinical Personality Inventory” (V. Perepjolkina, J. KoA¼esAikova, K. MArtinsone, A. Stepens 2017), “Defense mechanisms questionnaire” (L. Subbotina 2017). Results showed that many relationships exist between pathological traits and defense mechanisms. Received results may be used for clinical psychologists or any other health services workers who deal with personality disorders.
Developing communicative competence: Methodological considerations for conducting qualitative research with Spanish-speaking adult learners

This article analyzes how we responded to socio-linguistic challenges in our research with Spanish-speaking adults in the U.S. and El Salvador. Our respective racial/ethnic identities, first language, and insider or outsider status created distinctive challenges and communicative strategies. We argue that cross-cultural researchers must recognize socio-linguistic variation within groups and develop communicative competence. Despite the growing prominence of cross-cultural research in adult education (e.g., Alfred, 2003; Sparks, 2002), both adult education and qualitative methodology scholars have overlooked how socio-linguistic differences (i.e., the ways language intersects with class, gender, nationality, geography, etc.) between researchers and participants shape the research process. The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of developing communicative competence (Hymes, 2001) when undertaking cross-cultural research in languages other than English. We discuss the similarities and differences in how we—two scholars with distinct national, ethnic, and linguistic identities—responded to socio-linguistic challenges during our research with Spanish-speaking adult learners in the U.S. and El Salvador, respectively. We conclude with implications for research, teaching, and advising. Communicative Competence in Cross-Cultural Research The theoretical framework integrates literature in linguistic anthropology and qualitative, cross-cultural methodology. Linguistic anthropologists contend that linguistic and socio-cultural patterns are inextricably linked (Briggs, 1986; Duranti, 2001; Gumperz, 1964), and that language is a form of social action that alters one’s worldview (Hymes, 2001). Thus, researchers should study linguistic messages “within the contexts in which they are produced and interpreted” (Duranti, 2001, p. 30); recognize how words and expressions encode cultural values and meanings (Bonvillain, 1993); and “learn how to ask” by paying “more attention to the communicative norms and speech forms used in a community” (Briggs, 1986, p. ix). According to Hymes (2001), communicative competence depends on both tacit knowledge and the ability to use language appropriately. Like children learning the language(s) and norms of their community, cross-cultural researchers must acquire “competence as to when to speak, when not, and as to what to talk about with whom, when, where, in what manner” (p. 60). Cross-cultural qualitative methodologists underscore the role of language translation in conducting culturally sensitive research with language-minority groups such as Latinos/as in the U. S. (e.g., Esposito, 2001; Lange, 2002). Many scholars, however, emphasize adequate translation for data collection purposes (Lugo Steidel et al., 2002). We argue that to develop communicative competence, qualitative researchers studying phenomena within “speech communities” (Morgan, 2004) using languages other than English must make methodological