Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential remineralization of major and trace elements in sinking diatoms

Macronutrients in sinking phytoplankton are typically remineralized at different rates, but less is known about the fate of micronutrient metals associated with sinking cells. Scavenging, the presence of co‐occurring abiotic particles, and inadvertent contamination limit the utility of bulk analytical approaches to study remineralization of trace metals in sinking phytoplankton. We used synchrotron x‐ray fluorescence mapping to measure macronutrients (P, S, and Si) and trace metals (Fe, Ni, and Zn) in individual cells of the diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis during a spring bloom in subtropical waters off New Zealand. P, S, Zn, and Ni were released significantly faster than Fe and Si from sinking cells in the upper 200 m. Bulk particulate element fluxes to sediment traps indicated similar trends, but biogenic silica flux was attenuated much faster than Si was lost from intact sinking cells collected in the traps. The metals were spatially co‐located with P and S in upper ocean cells, but this association with P and S (based on a spatial resolution of 450 nm) was largely absent in sinking cells. In contrast, Fe retained a weak spatial association with Si, suggesting that remineralized Fe may be re‐scavenged onto cell surfaces. As a result, dissolved Fe : macronutrient stoichiometries in the water column likely underestimate stoichiometries in sinking cells. We propose linkages between the selective loss of diatom cellular components (e.g., ribosomes or phospholipid membranes, Zn‐finger proteins, and urease) and the observed recycling of specific elements (P, Zn, and Ni, respectively), which set the stoichiometry of macro‐ and micronutrient supply to surface waters.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of First-Order Transport Timescales in the St. Louis Bay Estuary, Mississippi

AbstractThe transport timescales residence time, exposure time, and age of water are evaluated for the St. Louis Bay estuary, Mississippi, to investigate the impacts of freshwater inflows and tidal dynamics from Mississippi Sound on the estuary’s transport characteristics. The timescales are explicitly defined and computed using a hydrodynamic model and tracer experiments for a set of 11 hydrologic scenarios designed to represent permanent low, average, and high flow conditions. Results indicate that (1) the estuary’s residence time can vary between 2.0 and 134.5 days during high and low flow conditions, respectively; (2) under low flow conditions dispersive processes caused by the tidal dynamics at the estuary’s open boundary may be dominant, and the returning flows can increase the exposure times up to 30% in relation to the residence times; (3) during high flow conditions advective transport caused by the freshwater flows may be dominant resulting in exposure times similar to the residence times; and, .
Non-equilibrium dynamics : diffusion in small numbers and ribosomal self-assembly

Biological systems are encountered in states that are far from equilibrium. A change in the cell's condition triggers the flow of energy and matter that causes the cell's transition from that non-equilibrium state to a different state. Our interest is on non-equilibrium systems and the way these relate to the cell's "small numbers" limit as well as to the mechanisms of self-assembly. Cells contain proteins and nucleotides in numbers smaller than Avogadro's. In addition, advances in single-molecule experiments, which are, by definition, a case of the "small numbers" problem, have emphasized the importance of fluctuations. Does the result we get from a single-molecule measurement agree with what we would get from a bulk measurement? Is it a fluctuation from the mean? It is, thus, of biological interest to see the behavior of non-equilibrium systems at the "small numbers" limit where fluctuations become important. Using microfluidics, we concentrate on the diffusion of a small number of submicron particles in a system that is away from equilibrium. Therefore, we study the "small numbers" limit of Fick's Law, with special reference to the fluctuations that attend diffusive dynamics in order to experimentally test the theoretical predictions obtained via the use of E. T. Jaynes' "principle of maximum caliber. " The process of macromolecular self-assembly is also highly dynamical. The system's components come together, defeating in this way entropic effects, to form the system. In the case of the ribosome, whose importance lies in its ability to synthesize proteins, understanding the mechanism of the highly dimensional process of self-assembly becomes relevant when designing, for example, new antibiotics. The second part of this thesis concentrates on the RNA-protein interactions which, in the case of the ribosome, determine the mechanism of self-assembly. With the use of microfluidic technology and a fluorescence assay we determine the thermodynamics and kinetics of RNA folding and RNA-protein binding for a fragment of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, paving the way for the study of the complete assembly of the 30S subunit.
Atomistic simulation of oxide materials with catalytic properties

When supported, thin films demonstrate remarkable structural transformations, with important implications for catalysis, sensors, electrochemistry, semiconductors or superconductors. At present, the tools available to characterize solid-solid systems cannot provide atomic level resolution of, for example mixed screw-edge dislocations. Therefore atomistic simulation can provide an invaluable complement to experiment. In this work atomistic simulation was employed to generate models of oxide thin films. First an atom deposition methodology was used to create an SrO thin film on a BaO(001) support. The evolution of the thin film from small clusters (submonolayer coverage), to five atomic layers, which includes cracks in its structure, was studied. Specifically, information related to growth and nucleation processes can be explored using this methodology. Secondly an amorphisation and recrystallisation methodology was developed to explore the more complex system, that of ceria deposited on zirconia and yttrium stabilized zirconia. Simulated amorphisation and recrystallisation involves forcing the thin film to undergo a transformation into an amorphous state prior to recrystallising and therefore the recrystallisation process rather than the (perhaps artificial) initial structure will dictate the final structure. The recrystallisation process enables the evolution of all the important structural modifications as the thin film evolves structurally in response to the support. These include dislocations (pure edge and mixed screw-edge), dislocation networks, grain-boundaries and defects (interstitials, vacancies and substitutionals, including complex defect association) all within a single simulation cell.
Defect reconstruction of submarine oil pipeline from MFL signals using genetic simulated annealing algorithm

This paper presents a genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GSAA)-based inverse algorithm for reconstructing the shape of a two-dimensional defect from the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signals. In the algorithm, the GSAA formulated by incorporating the simulated annealing technique into the mutation operator of the standard genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve the optimization problem in the inverse problem, and a radial-basis function neural network (RBFNN) is utilized as the forward model. Experimental results demonstrated that the GSAA-based inverse algorithm is more accurate and is more robust to noise than the GA-based inverse algorithm.
The Additive Manufacturer Green Trade Association in Collaboration with Delft University of Technology Presents: State of Knowledge on the Environmental Impacts of Metal Additive Manufacturing

Jeremy Faludi, Ph.D., a leading sustainable engineering researcher, was selected by the AMGTA to oversee this project. Dr. Faludi is assistant professor of design engineering at Delft University of Technology, where he specializes in sustainable design methods and green 3D printing, and adjunct faculty of engineering at the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College. Dr. Faludi earned a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at University of California Berkeley, a Master of Engineering in Product Design at Stanford University, and a B.A. in Physics from Reed College.
Direct multielemental analysis of human serum by ICP-MS with on-line standard addition using flow injection

A simple method where on-line standard addition is performed using flow injection was applied to the direct analysis of human serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method involves the injection of 50 μL aliquots of sample into two carriers: 1% HNO3 and a standard solution in 1% HNO3 whose analyte concentration is greater than that in the sample. Because flow injection is used, no sample pretreatment (such as sample dilution or the addition of surfactant or internal standard) is needed, which minimizes sample contamination. Seronorm™ reference human serum was analyzed. Results in good agreement with the certified values were obtained for Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn.
Highly Sulphonated Multiblock‐co‐polymers for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Multiblock‐co‐polymers with different ion exchange capacities were synthesised by nucleophilic aromatic step‐growth polycondensation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligomers. The main focus of this work was to investigate the dependence of oligomer reactivity on molecular weight and how the reaction conditions need to be changed to obtain high‐molecular multiblock‐co‐polymers, consisting of long block segments. Multiblock‐co‐polymers composed of short oligomers could be synthesised under mild reaction conditions. The coupling of longer oligomers required more basic reaction conditions, because the reactive functional end‐groups were shielded by the long oligomeric main chain. The membranes were investigated further in terms of their properties relevant for use as polymer electrolyte membrane in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The mechanical stability of the acidic polymers was improved through ionical crosslinking with basic polybenzimidazole. A series of membranes was tested in a self‐ and in an air‐breathing DMFC.
Chemical and biotransformation studies of some bioactive phenolics and heterocyclic compounds

Is not Nature both the model and educator, not only of the artist but also of the chemist, of the latter even to a higher degree as he set himself higher goals? Through his synthesis, he wants to reproduce the chemical compounds created by Nature; to grasp and imitate their mechanism of formation; and further wants to supplement Nature by producing substances not created by Nature.Walton
A Visualization System for High Dimensional Data Streams using Complex Event Processing

Real-time streaming data analysis and visualization are of main interest for businesses nowadays to quickly take important decisions that could help them to enhance the decision-making strategies. Visualization of real-time data streams helps in the exploration of evolving data. High-dimensional data is difﬁcult to visualize and interpret due to the limitations of the display screen that lead to visual clutter. We propose a system which can efﬁciently perform dynamic feature selection using complex event processing with no prior knowledge of the features. Our system renders data related to a selected number of features, rather than processing and visualizing the entire data frame, thus reducing the memory consumption and increasing performance. We present a distributed architecture of a framework which helps in the exploration of high dimensional data streams using different plots and charts in a dashboard that updates the data in real-time.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers’ mental health: A cross-sectional study

1Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 2Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Qatar 3Department of Family Medicine, MOPH, Egypt 4Restorative and Endodontics in private sector, Iraq 5Department of Maxillofacial Surgeon, Alexandria University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt 6Department of Internal Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt 7Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Sequential reorganization of β‐sheet topology by insertion of a single strand

Insertions, duplications, and deletions of sequence segments are thought to be major evolutionary mechanisms that increase the structural and functional diversity of proteins. Alternative splicing, for example, is an intracellular editing mechanism that is thought to generate isoforms for 30%–50% of all human genes. Whereas the inserted sequences usually display only minor structural rearrangements at the insertion site, recent observations indicate that they may also cause more dramatic structural displacements of adjacent structures. In the present study we test how artificially inserted sequences change the structure of the β‐sheet region in T4 lysozyme. Copies of two different β‐strands were inserted into two different loops of the β‐sheet, and the structures were determined. Not surprisingly, one insert “loops out” at its insertion site and forms a new small β‐hairpin structure. Unexpectedly, however, the second insertion leads to displacement of adjacent strands and a sequential reorganization of the β‐sheet topology. Even though the insertions were performed at two different sites, looping out occurred at the C‐terminal end of the same β‐strand. Reasons as to why a non‐native sequence would be recruited to replace that which occurs in the native protein are discussed. Our results illustrate how sequence insertions can facilitate protein evolution through both local and nonlocal changes in structure.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF A SINGLE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF CEFQUINOME IN RABBITS

The current study was carried out to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of cefquinome following a single IV injection in ten New Zealand white rabbits (2-2.5 kg body weight). Cefquinome was injected intravenously (2mg/kg body weight) and blood samples were collected before drug administration and up to 24h after injection. Cefquinome plasma concentrations were measured using HPLC (high- performance liquid chromatography). The result showed that the plasma concentration of cefquinome was 9.13 ± 0.43 µg/mL at 5min post-injection then declined gradually to 0.73 ± 0. 18µg/mL after 2 hours. No cefquinome concentration could be detected at 4h post injection. The major pharmacokinetic parameters (Mean ± SEM) were T1/2 λz 0.52 ± 0.05h, AUC0-∞ 9.13 ± 0.63 h*µg/mL, Cl 239.25 ±14.61 mL/h/kg, Vz 170.89 ± 9.7 mL/kg and MRT0-∞ 0.75 ±0.06 h.
WHAT IS “ ENSO DIVERSITY ” ?

E l Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring phenomenon in the tropical Pacific that has global impacts of great relevance to society. The term El Niño refers to warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean occurring every 2–7 yr, while the opposite cold phase is known as La Niña. Anomalous warming or cooling conditions are associated with a large-scale east–west sea level pressure seesaw, termed the Southern Oscillation, which represents the atmospheric manifestation of the coupled ENSO phenomenon (McPhaden et al. 2006). ENSO events differ in amplitude, temporal evolution, and spatial pattern. While differences among ENSO events have been known for many years, a renewed interest in this diversity was stimulated by Larkin and Harrison (2005) and Ashok et al. (2007), who highlighted an unusual sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) pattern over the tropical Pacific during the summer of 2004 that was associated with remote impacts on surface air temperature and precipitation different from those related to “typical” El Niño conditions. Because of the similarity and differences from a typical El Niño, Ashok et al. (2007) named this pattern El Niño Modoki (a Japanese word that means similar but different) and argued that it is a different type of El Niño. Significant research has since been conducted to identify, describe, and understand these “El Niño types,” spurring debates on whether there are indeed two distinct modes of variability, or whether ENSO can be more aptly described as a diverse continuum. In this article, we report on advances in understanding ENSO diversity, drawing from community discussions that took place at the U.S. CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Workshop held in Boulder, Colorado,
Comparison of chemical fractionation methods for isolating stable soil organic carbon pools

Stable soil organic matter (SOM) is important for long‐term sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the usefulness of different fractionation methods to isolate stable SOM is open to question. We assessed the suitability of five chemical fractionation methods (stepwise hydrolysis, treatment with H2O2, Na2S2O8, NaOCl, and demineralization of the NaOCl‐resistant fraction (NaOCl + HF)) to isolate stable SOM from soil samples of a loamy sand and a silty loam under different land use regimes (grassland, forest and arable crops). The apparent C turnover time and mean age of SOC before and after fractionation was determined by 13C and 14C analysis. Particulate organic matter was removed by density fractionation before soils were exposed to chemical fractionation. All chemical treatments induced large SOC losses of 62–95% of the mineral‐associated SOC fraction. The amounts of H2O2‐ and Na2S2O8‐resistant SOC were independent from land use, while those of NaOCl‐ (NaOCl + HF)‐ and hydrolysis‐resistant SOC were not. All chemical treatments caused a preferential removal of young, maize‐derived SOC, with Na2S2O8 and H2O2 being most efficient. The mean 14C age of SOC was 1000–10000 years greater after chemical fractionation than that of the initial, mineral‐associated SOC and mean 14C ages increased in the order: NaOCl < NaOCl + HF ≤ stepwise hydrolysis ≪ H2O2≈ Na2S2O8. None of the methods appeared generally suitable for the determination of the inert organic matter pool of the Rothamsted Carbon Model. Nonetheless, our results indicate that all methods are able to isolate an older, more stable SOC fraction, but treatments with H2O2 and Na2S2O8 were the most efficient ones in isolating stable SOM.
Formation of Zinc-Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide-2,4,5-Tricholorophenoxybutyrate Nanocomposites by Ion Exchange Method

The intercalation of herbicide, 2,4,5-tricholorophenoxybutyrate (TBA) , into zinc-aluminium-layered double hydroxide (ZAL) for the formation of a new nanocomposite ZAT, was accomplished via anion exchange method. Due to the intercalation of TBA with ZAL interlayer domain, basal spacing expanded from 8.9Å in the ZAL to 23.3 Å in the ZAT. The percentage loading of TBA in the ZAT is 45.5 % (w/w). The FTIR spectra of the nanocomposite shows resemblance peaks of the TBA and Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide indicating the inclusion of TBA into the layered double hydroxide. Surface area of the resulting nanocomposite increased from 1.3 to 15.6 m2g-1 with the nitrogen adsorption-desorption of type IV, indicating the mesopore type of material.
Optical and scintillation properties of cerium-doped LaCl 3 , LuBr 3 and LuCl 3

The optical and scintillation properties of LaCl 3 : 0.57% Ce, LuBr 3 : 0.021%, 0.46%, 0.76% Ce and LuCl 3 : 0.45% Ce are studied under optical, X- and c-ray excitation. The highest light yield of 40000$4000 photons per MeV (ph/MeV) of absorbed c-ray energy was measured for LaCl 3 : 0.57% Ce. An energy resolution (FWHM over peak position) of, respectively, 7.0$0.5%, 6.0$0.1%, 7.8$0.3%, 6.5$0.5% and 18.0$0.5% was observed for the 662 keV full absorption peak. The scintillation decay curves can be described with three components: 20$2, 330$30 ns and 2.2$0.2 ls for LaCl 3 : 0.57%; 32$3, 450}550 ns and ’5 ls for LuBr 3 : 0.76%; 50$5, 250}350 ns and ’4 ls for LuCl 3 : 0.45%. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Source Allocation of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particulate-Phase (PM10) in the City of Valdivia, Chile

The concentration and signature of n-alkanes (n-C10 to n-C33) and 18 PAHs were determined in air filters across a year period (2010) in an urban area of the city of Valdivia, Chile. Filter samples were extracted using sohxlet apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS techniques. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons ranged from 45–352 ng.m−3 and total PAHs ranged from 2.93–78.01 ng.m−3. Concentrations of hydrocarbons during the summer were high (288–352 ng.m-3) and reduced when the autumn began (45–79 ng.m−3) to then increase almost linearly to the next summer. The drop in concentration was attributed in part to the significant reduction of traffic when summer ends as tourists leave the city (about 9–15% of the total cars circulating). Results from the chemometric technique of Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) indicated three main sources for the alkanes: biogenic (terrestrial plants), signatures of oil combustion, and an unconfirmed source which is thought to come from non specific organic matter degradation. Total PAHs correlated well with total particulate matter with a R2 = 0.94. Levels of PAHs in the atmosphere were higher during the winter (6.85–78.01 ng.m−3) period than the rest of the year (2.93–36.30 ng.m−3). PVA results indicate three key sources of PAHs and two of those sources derived from oil combustion and biomass burning.
Theory of the Differential Capacitance of the Double Layer in Unadsorbed Electrolytes

A partly phenomenological, one‐dimensional theory is presented of the double layer formed at an ideal polarized electrode in uni‐univalent aqueous electrolytes showing no specific adsorption. The system analyzed consists of the metallic electrode with its surface charge density, a charge‐free layer next to the electrode, and a diffuse layer containing positive and negative charges in unequal concentration extending into the body of the electrolyte. The theory includes the effect of dielectric saturation in both layers due to the field produced by an applied negative bias potential, and compression of the charge‐free layer by this field is also taken into account.The theory is compared with experimental data of D. C. Grahame on 0.916 N to 0.001 N NaF, which shows little or no adsorption on negative polarization. Good agreement is found both for the dependence of the differential capacitance of the entire system on negative polarizing potential (measured from the electrocapillary maximum) and on concentrati.
Chemical components and antidiabetic activity of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation and three solvent extraction methods from Carthamus tinctorius L.

The chemical compositions of essential oils extracted by n-hexane extract (HE), petroleum ether extract (PE), dichloromethane extract (DE), and hydrodistillation (HD) from Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 86 compounds from four different extracts were identified, and the contents were 97.65%, 98.05%, 98.93%, and 99.68%, respectively. 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, and 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol were the major constituents of the extracts. The antidiabete activity was assayed in vitro by against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The results showed that the HE exhibited the best in vitro inhibitory enzyme activity against PTP1B, which holds a good potential for treating diabetes and obesity.