Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Moving Target Detection Method Based on RPCA for SAR Systems

Clutter background suppression and velocity estimation for moving targets are two critical problems in synthetic aperture radar–ground moving target indication (SAR-GMTI). A robust principal component analysis (RPCA) method is used to separate the sparse matrix of moving targets from the low-rank matrix of static backgrounds by using amplitude information in the image domain. However, the nonsparsity of the moving target echoes limits the performance of the RPCA in SAR-GMTI, and the velocity of the moving target cannot be estimated since the phase information is destroyed by the soft-thresholding operator in the RPCA process. To solve these problems, a novel moving target detection method based on RPCA (NRPCA) for SAR systems is proposed in this article. An atomic norm-based optimization program is first constructed to transform the data sparsity requirement into a moving target sparsity requirement. Although this optimization program is NP-hard, it is transformed to semidefinite programming by relaxation. Furthermore, accurate velocity estimation is performed using dual function theory and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm while the selection of the sparsity order k is avoided. Simulations and analyses based on experimental data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ancestral and Sex Estimation Using E.A. Marino’s Analysis of the First Cervical Vertebra Applied to Three Modern Groups

Chairperson: Randall Skelton Developing a biological profile in forensic anthropology is vital for the medico-legal field. Forensic anthropologists have long sought to develop ancestry and sex determination methods using complete and fragmented skeletal elements. Ancestry is most commonly assessed using cranial traits. Sex is assessed using the os coxa and cranial traits. Post-cranial methods for identifying individuals are needed in the field because cranial and pelvic elements are often broken and incomplete. Examining other elements can increase the likelihood of identification of the individual in question. Eugene Marino (1993; 1995; 1997) developed a method for estimating ancestry and sex from eight measurements of the superior and inferior articular surfaces and vertebral foramen of the atlas from individuals of European and African descent from the Terry and Hamann-Todd collections. This study applies Marino’s method to post-1950s individuals who are self-classified as Hispanic, Euro-American, and, African-American. Two hundred and fourteen specimens were measured from the William Bass Skeletal Collection, the Pima County, Arizona’s Medical Examiner’s Office, and the Maxwell Museum at the University of New Mexico. Each measurement was obtained using sliding calipers. The measurements taken from this study were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to establish discriminant functions that distinguishes sex and ancestry from Euro-Americans, African-Americans, and Hispanics. This study concludes that the atlas can be used with a relatively accurate prediction to determine ancestry and sex of three modern population groups.
The Effect Of Individualized Web Based Mathematics Learning Environment Developed Based On Problem Solving Steps On The Students' Academic Achievements

: Bu calismada, 9. Sinif matematik mufredatinda yer alan “Denklem ve esitsizlikler ile ilgili uygulamalar” konusunun ogretimi icin problem cozme basamaklarina dayali olarak tasarlanan bireysellestirilmis web tabanli ogrenme ortaminin ogrencilerin akademik basarilarina etkisinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda, 137 9. sinif ogrencisi ile yurutulen bu calismada kontrol gruplu on test ve son test arastirma deseni kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin verileri guvenirlik katsayisi 0,742 olan “Basari testi” ile toplanmistir. Basari testinden elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubu ogrencilerinin son-test basari puanlari arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark oldugu belirlenmistir. Buradan genel olarak ProbSol ogrenme ortami ile bireysel ozelliklerine uygun ogrenim goren ogrencilerin geleneksel yontem ile ogrenim goren ogrencilere gore daha basarili oldugu sonucuna ulasilabilmektedir.
A DC Fault Protection Scheme for MMC-HVDC Grids Using New Directional Criterion

To meet the ultra-fast, selective, and reliable requirements of the DC fault protection, a protection scheme for modular multilevel converter based HVDC grids is proposed in this paper. The protection scheme is consisted of main protection, directional pilot protection, and faulty pole identification. The new fault directional criterion is achieved by employing the surge arriving time difference of line-mode backward traveling wave and line-mode forward traveling wave. This criterion is valid even when the fault current limiting reactors (FCLRs) are installed at the converter side of DC bus. The main protection without communication and complex computation relies on co-operation of the derivative of line-mode forward traveling wave and the directional criterion. The directional pilot protection by comparing the double end directional criteria can be used as a backup protection. The accumulation of zero-mode component is adopted to discriminate the faulty pole. Simulations have demonstrated that the proposed scheme is capable of identifying various types of faults with different fault resistances at different positions. The robustness analysis shows that the protection scheme presented is not sensitive to the FCLR size, noise environment, sampling frequency, and the operation of hybrid DC circuit breakers.
Coherent oscillations in IR spectra of 2d macroporous silicon structures with surface nanocoatings

One of the promising materials for the development of 2D photonic structures is macroporous silicon obtained using photoanodic etching. Presence of periodically located cylindrical pores divided by silicon columns provides large effective surface of samples and enhanced optical and photo-physical characteristics of macroporous silicon structures. In this paper, the near-IR light absorption oscillations of 2D macroporous silicon structures with microporous silicon layers, SiO2 nanocoatings and CdTe, ZnO surface nanocrystals are studded taking into account the Wannier–Stark electro-optical effect. An analysis of the experimental absorption spectra was carried out within the model of the resonant electron scattering with infinite amplitude on impurity states in strong electric field, with difference between two resonant energies equaled to the step of Wannier–Stark ladder. The constant oscillation period specifies the realization of Wannier–Stark effect on the randomly distributed surface bonds on siliconnanocoating interface. We compared the IR absorption oscillations in 2D macroporous silicon with surface nanocoatings, analyzed shifts and deviations of oscillation peaks. The coherence of the IR spectra oscillations increases with the decrease of surface state concentration and with the optimal area of contact of nanocrystals to the macropore surface. Thus, the shift of oscillations for ZnO nanoparticles with optimal size of nanocrystals (3.7–4.4 nm) leads to deviations of the oscillation peaks within 0.26–0.42 meV, the oscillation coherence reaches 0.25–0.4 %. The small broadening parameter of the Wannier–Stark ladder levels  = 0.30.8 cm–1 equals to that for surface phonon polaritons measured in thin films of II-VI semiconductors. Controllability and coherence of the investigated system are determined by forming of coherent Wannier levels in a narrow triangular potential well formed by an electric field at the silicon-nanocoating interface. In addition, we have proposed a high coherent optical quantum computer based on the quantum Wannier-Stark electro-optical effect on a silicon matrix with macropores and a layer of nanocrystals on the macropore surface.
Nitrogenase Reveals Its Inner Secrets

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria contain the enzyme nitrogenase that enables them to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which can then be used by plants for growth. In a Perspective, Smith discusses a new structural analysis of the MoFe protein of nitrogenase, which reveals the existence of an interstitial atom in the active site that may be nitrogen. This unexpected finding could help chemists to design a more efficient method for producing ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen.
Thermal Simulation of Rolled Concrete Dams: Influence of the Hydration Model and the Environmental Actions on the Thermal Field

Mathematical models for the simulation of the thermal evolution of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams during construction constitute an important tool for preventing excessive temperature rise, which may lead to cracking and losses of functionality. Here, we present a framework for the simulation of the thermal process. We define the boundary conditions of the problem using a careful description that incorporates the main heat exchange mechanisms. We adopt both a non-adiabatic and an adiabatic heat generation model for the simulation of the cement hydration. Our numerical framework lets us study the effect of the adopted heat generation model on the thermal field. Moreover, we study the influence of the weather conditions on the evolution of the hydration, and on the starting date of construction. Our simulations have shown that the hydration model has an important influence over the temperature field during the construction and the heat generation rate. Moreover, the hydration process and the temperature evolution are driven by the weather conditions. Once the next lift is cast, its thermal insulation effect makes the hydration take place under quasi-adiabatic conditions. As expected, dams built in cold months are prone to dissipate more heat than those built in warm seasons.
Diabetes Is Predicted by the β Cell Level of Autoantigen1

Two novel transgenic (Tg) strains were created expressing hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) in a pancreas-specific fashion. RmHP.111 mice had levels of HEL per cell similar to that of the established ILK-3 strain, while RmHP.117 mice had 10-fold lower levels (50,000 molecules per cell). When bred to 3A9 TCR Tg mice, negative selection occurred equally in all three double-Tg combinations, yet only ILK-3 × 3A9 and RmHP.111 × 3A9 mice became diabetic. Additionally, activated 3A9 cells readily transferred diabetes into ILK-3 or RmHP.111 mice, but only marginally into the RmHP.117 strain. In the peripancreatic lymph node, division of naive 3A9 cells was similar between RmHP.111 and RmHP.117 strains, but pancreatic APCs from RmHP.111 × 3A9 mice stimulated HEL-reactive cells to a much greater degree than those from RmHP.117 × 3A9 mice. In this model, diabetes was dependent upon both initial priming in the peripancreatic lymph node and subsequent presentation in the pancreas, with disease incidence predicted by the β cell level of autoantigen.
Imunidade de Anopheles aquasalis contra Plasmodium vivax

Each year, malaria affects 300 million people worldwide, causing 1 million deaths. In Brazil, 450,000 cases are reported annually. Recently, many studies have attempted to identify molecules that mediate the interaction mosquito-parasite. Anopheles aquasalis is the most important vector of malaria in the coastal regions of Brazil and the etiological agent Plasmodium vivax causes most cases of the disease. This study aims examining molecules that participate in the interaction between these two organisms. For this, two strategies were used: cDNA subtraction and PCR using degenerate primers. The subtractive libraries were produced from samples of A. aquasalis 2 and 24 hours after blood feeding or infection by P. vivax. After analyzes of cDNAs, differences were observed in gene expression between A. aquasalis fed with blood or infected blood at both times investigated. The expression of some candidates obtained through subtraction cDNA (serine protease, fibrinogen, carboxypeptidase and bacteria responsive protein genes) were confirmed using real time PCR. For example, the expression of a cecropin decreased after P. vivax infection while a serpin presented increased expression. Analysis of a transcription factor, GATA, revealed an increase in the mRNA levels 36 hours after infection. Silencing of this gene produced increased infection, demonstrating the importance of this transcription factor for the insect's immune response against P. vivax. In parallel, A. aquasalis cDNA sequences for the JAK-STAT pathway [transcription factor STAT, protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)] and for genes related to cellular detoxification (catalase and two superoxide dismutases) were obtained using degenerate primers. Results of expression of these genes revealed that STAT, PIAS and NOS are induced by infection with P. vivax and reverse genetics experiments have shown that this pathway is important in the immune response of A. aquasalis against P. vivax. Regarding the detoxification enzymes, an increase in mRNA expression was observed 36 hours after infection and a decrease in activity 24 hours after infection. This increase in mRNA 36 hours after infection may be related to the attempt of cells to decrease the amount of intracellular ROS due to the diminished activity of these enzymes 24 hours after infection. Surprisingly, the silencing of catalase exacerbated the infection of P. vivax. This result may be correlated with the production of a dytirosine network that protects the parasites from the insect's immune response. Our results indicate immune mechanisms adopted by A. aquasalis to combat P. vivax, providing important information about molecules involved in the process of interaction and immunity of this vector with its Brazilian malaria parasite.
Categorizing Patient Disease into ICD-10 with Deep Learning for Semantic Text Classification

How to leverage insights into big electronic health records (EHRs) becomes increasingly important for accomplishing precision medicine to improve the quality of human healthcare. When analyzing big Chinese EHRs, there are a lot of applications that we need to categorize patients’ diseases according to the medical coding standard. In this paper, we develop natural language processing (NLP), deep learning, and machine learning algorithms to automatically categorize each patient’s individual diseases into the ICD-10 standard. Experimental results show that the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm outperforms the recurrent neural network (RNN)-based long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithms, and it generates much better results than the support vector machine (SVM), one of the most popular conventional machine learning algorithms, demonstrating the great impact of deep learning on medical big data analysis.
THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT EXPERIENCE ON INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS’ REVISIT INTENTION: A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE

Travel destinations have become more dependent on repeat commercial activities and at the center of all this trade are airports that have evolved into full service centres. Therefore, to investigate the influence that airport experience would have on travellers’ intention to revisit a destination a conceptual framework was developed. The study was quantitative in nature in which data was collected through intercepts at the OR Tambo International Airport in South Africa. 503 willing international travellers participated and the collected surveys were processed in order to generate insights. To analyse the data, structural equation modelling was adopted. The main finding of the study established that conative destination image was the most influential factor in determining travellers’ intention to revisit a destination. Implications emerging from the findings were presented and suggestions for further research were proposed.
Clinical study of fistula in ano with special reference to its surgical management

A fistula-in-ano is an abnormal hollow tract or cavity that is lined with granulation tissue and that connects a primary opening inside the anal canal to a secondary opening in the perianal skin; secondary tracts may be multiple and can extend from the same primary opening. It is a chronic suppurative disease which is well-known for chronic perianal pus discharge, frequent exacerbations, and recurrences after treatment. The most accepted etiologic factor for causation of fistula-in-ano is infection beginning in the anal crypt glands to perirectal abscess. The abscess represents the acute inflammatory event, whereas the fistula is representative of the chronic process. Symptoms generally affect quality of life significantly, and they range from minor discomfort and drainage with resultant hygienic problems to sepsis. The treatment of fistula-in-ano remains challenging. No ABSTRACT
Water-Covered Roof Versus Inverted Flat Roof on the Mediterranean Coast: A Comparative Study of Thermal and Energy Behavior

Reservoir, or water-collecting roofs present greater thermal inertia than inverted flat roofs due to the mass of water they contain. This feature gives them better thermal performance and leads to greater stability in the indoor air temperature Ti and the wall surface temperatures. In the summer, they can dampen the effect of solar radiation and regulate external thermal loads thanks to their greater effusivity and thermal capacity. This research compares the thermal behavior of the roofs of two buildings located in Alicante on the Spanish Mediterranean coast: a loft flat in the city center and a water-covered roof in the Museum of the University of Alicante (MUA). Values for effusivity, diffusivity, thermal capacity, decrement factor, time lag and internal, as well as external thermal admittance were obtained. After monitoring both roofs during 2014, behavior simulations were performed in Design Builder using 6 different scenarios reflecting different combinations in both buildings of water-covered, inverted and conventional roofs and marble or terrazzo paving. The water-covered roof led to a higher decrement factor and time lag, as well as to a reduction of annual energy demands between 8.86% and 9.03%.
Challenges and Opportunities for Wound Field Synchronous Generators in Future More Electric Aircraft

Electrical machines and drives keep moving away from traditional technologies such as brushed machines and wound field machines toward lighter, “easier to maintain” machines. A very interesting aspect is that certain transport applications, especially the aerospace industry, still favor the classical wound field machine for its main generating system such as Boeing 787. This article focuses on investigating this particular trend by presenting a detailed overview of the historical power-generation systems on aircraft. This article compares the current state of the art of wound field machines with other generator families. The results of this analysis are then projected into the needs of the electrical power generation and distribution system on aircraft. Although power density is a major objective for any aerospace application, however, the extra benefits associated with wound field systems are still essential in modern aircraft. This article then focuses on the main challenges for improving the power density of wound field machines. Recommendations, opportunities, and improvements related to wound field machines are discussed. In conclusion, if robust designs for higher speed wound field generators were consolidated, it would be very probable that these classical machines might still be implemented on future More Electric Aircraft (MEA) platforms.
The Way Forward: Improving Genetic Systems

This chapter reviews the research that has led to the first successes in genetic transformation of arthropod-borne bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales in the Alphaproteobacteria subdivision. Seminal results provided the very first evidence that direct genetic manipulation of rickettsiae was achievable, and that the bacteria were able to maintain and express foreign genetic sequences inserted via allelic exchange/homologous recombination under control of rickettsial or Escherichia coli promoters. This work set the stage for all subsequent research efforts aspiring to manipulate and analyze rickettsiae in a manner that is nearly commonplace in extracellular bacteria. The Himar1 transposase allele A7 has been successfully used for mutagenesis of A.phagocytophilum and fever groups of rickettsial tick symbionts have been spotted using fluorescent markers and antibiotic resistance. Selection of mutants using growth inhibitors is an indispensible strategy to recover mutants from the background of nontransformed bacteria. The most common strategy is incorporation of an antibiotic resistance gene in the transformation cassette. When working with human or animal pathogens, this is a sensitive issue, as introduction of resistance to antibiotics used to treat disease induced by the pathogen to be transformed is not encouraged. This poses a dilemma, as the most effective selection is likely achieved by using the clinically most effective antibiotics. The authors suggests that shuttle vectors would be useful for testing the function of genes that are naturally defective in certain Rickettsia spp. , in complementation assays, overexpression of native or foreign genes, testing gene regulation, and other applications carried out in E.coli.
A Fermi Energy-Incorporated Framework for Dealing with the Temperature- and Magnetic Field-Dependent Critical Current Densities of Superconductors and Its Application to Bi-2212

It is well known that the critical current density of a superconductor depends on its size, shape, nature of doping and the manner of preparation. It is suggested here that the collective effect of such differences for different samples of the same superconductor is to endow them with different values of the Fermi energy—a single property to which may be attributed the observed variation in their critical current densities. The study reported here extends our earlier work concerned with the generalized BCS equations [Malik, G.P. (2010) Physica B, 405, 3475-3481; Malik, G.P. (2013) WJCMP, 3,103-110]. We develop here for the first time a framework of microscopic equations that incorporates all of the following parameters of a superconductor: temperature, momentum of Cooper pairs, Fermi energy, applied magnetic field and critical current density. As an application of this framework, we address the different values of critical current densities of Bi-2212 for non-zero values of temperature and applied magnetic field that have been reported in the literature.
Carrying capacity trend and projection analysis for Sumatra Selatan agricultural land in 2030

This research is conducted to determine and analyze carrying capacity of agricultural land of Sumatra Selatan in 2015 as well as to project it in 2030. The analysis is also carried out to describe the Optimum Population Number and Land Requirement per Hectare of each regency and municipality in 2030. The research method applied using quantitatively descriptive method in which the data is collected from secondary source such as Agricultural Ministry and Central Statistics Agency publication and supported by literature study. The result shows that Sumatra Selatan has high carrying capacity (τ > 1) in 2015 and 2030. It means that the province is capable of food self-sufficiency since the province is underpopulated. The projection indicates that there is decline of carrying capacity in 2030 occurring across the province. For example, Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Regency which previously has high carrying capacity, is predicted to have experience low carrying capacity.