Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Uncertainty of Soil Hydraulic Parameters on Stability of Unsaturated Slopes Based on Bayesian Updating

In geotechnical engineering, the soil water retention curve (SWRC) is key to solving problems arising from unsaturated soil, and the methodology used to obtain the SWRC parameters is crucial for investigating rainfall infiltration and slope stability. However, on-site measurements of soil data are expensive and time-consuming, and therefore, there is high uncertainty in the SWRC parameters due to the limited amount of data available. This study explores the impact of uncertainty in SWRC parameters on unsaturated soil slope seepage and stability under rainfall conditions. Bayesian updating was initially used to update the posterior distribution of the SWRC parameters of the model and in situ soil. Subsequently, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was used to generate random samples, and the uncertainty of the parameters was analyzed. Additionally, SWRC parametric models with different confidence intervals were created, and a hydraulic coupled model was used to evaluate the influence of the SWRC parameters (with different confidence intervals) on slope seepage and stability under rainfall conditions. The results indicated that the parameters and affecting the air entry value of the soil and the pore size distribution, respectively, increased as the confidence interval percentile increased. The changes in these two parameters increased the effect of rainfall on the pressure head and volumetric water content of the soil. After rainfall infiltrated the slope, the soil volumetric water content and the internal suction stress of the soil increased, resulting in a reduction in the local factor of safety (LFS) and, hence, a decrease in the stability of the slope. These results show that the predictions for the pressure head and volumetric water content were affected by the uncertainty in the SWRC parameters, leading to errors in the slope stability analysis.
SymRustC: A Hybrid Fuzzer for Rust

We present SymRustC, a hybrid fuzzer for Rust. SymRustC is hybrid in the sense that it combines fuzzing and concolic execution. SymRustC leverages an existing tool called SymCC for its concolic execution capability and another existing tool called LibAFL for its fuzzing capability. Since SymCC instruments LLVM IR (Intermediate Representation) for concolic execution and the Rust compiler uses LLVM as a backend, we integrate SymCC with the Rust compiler to instrument Rust programs for concolic execution. LibAFL provides a framework to develop a fuzzer, and we use it to develop a hybrid fuzzer that combines fuzzing and our concolic execution. We discuss our implementation as well as four case studies to demonstrate that SymRustC can generate inputs that discover errors in Rust programs.
On Sharma-Mittal’s Entropy under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment

Abstract Entropy plays an important role in many real-life applications to measure the amount of fuzziness associated with an intuitionistic fuzzy set. This paper reviews the different entropy measures defined on intuitionistic fuzzy sets and proposes a new entropy measure called “intuitionistic fuzzy entropy of order- and type- ” in the setting of the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. This measure extends the idea of Sharma–Mittal’s entropy from probabilistic to the intuitionistic phenomenon. Further, connections between the intuitionistic fuzzy entropy of order- and type- and other intuitionistic fuzzy/fuzzy entropies are also established. Some interesting properties of this measure are analyzed. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed entropy measure by comparing it with other existing entropies.
About the importance of vision screening by teachers in schools: A study from Tanzania

Intact visual functions are necessary for children to reach their academic potential. In the absence of vision screening, children may have unnoticed vision disturbances and academic challenges may be attributed to other problems, such as learning or cognitive disabilities. Visual problems are detrimental to educational achievement if they are not recognised. This has lifelong consequences for the individual child but also for the wider society as educational and economic advances are stifled. Few teachers are aware how vision influences reading and learning. Tanzanian teachers went through a CPD-course to learn about vision sensory qualities and ocular motor functions and were trained in vision testing. Building on theory of vision qualities and viewing conditions in class, the teachers practised vision functions assessment. Under the supervision of vision scientists, pupils in standard 5 (n = 104) were tested with standardised methods. The data shows that there is a clear connection between the different sensory and ocular motor skills and that problems in one vision area influence other vision areas. Nearly 50% of the pupils had disturbances in one or more of the vision functions tested. In addition, the light conditions were challenging. When teachers learn about vision qualities and their impact on reading and learning, they understand why some pupils have reading problems, reduced motivation, disturbed self-esteem and problems with concentration. With these insights, more pupils can be helped to reach their potential.
Design of FSS-antenna-radome system for airborne and ground applications

Radome being an RF window and support structure for an antenna system is a very critical element of terrestrial and airborne radar systems. This paper presents an efﬁcient X-band frequency select surface (FSS)-antenna-radome system for airborne and ground applications. In the ﬁrst step, an optimum wall conﬁguration with lowest insertion loss is found out of A-sandwich, C-sandwich and multilayers wall conﬁgurations. In the second step, two 5 × 5 arrays (FSS screens) are designed that cover the whole antenna face in the broadside direction for a controlled and secure communication system. A slotted array on a dielectric substrate gives a bandpass feature with antenna for radome operation. A dipole array on a dielectric substrate gives a broader bandwidth with antenna somewhat different from antenna alone. It makes the antenna to stop radiating for a speciﬁc band. So, it gives bandstop feature. This proposed FSS-antenna-radome system is demonstrated with an X-band high directional horn antenna over the frequency range 9.4–16 GHz under a sandwich-wall dielectric radome. The bandpass and bandstop features make this proposed FSS-antenna-radome a good candidate for ground and airborne applications for secure communications. In bandpass feature, antenna becomes inaccessible to other antennas/radars except a narrow band.
Nitrogen Fertilization Increases Windstorm Damage in an Aggrading Forest

Storms are the most significant disturbance events in temperate forests. Forests impacted by nitrogen deposition may face more severe storm damage as changes in soil and wood chemistry impact tree growth allocation, wood strength, and species composition. To examine these potential effects of nitrogen deposition, we measured tree damage from a windstorm in an aggrading forest that is part of a nitrogen fertilization experiment. We discovered that within the nitrogen fertilization treatment area there was significantly more basal area and stems damaged when compared to the reference treatment, and the nitrogen fertilization treatment had more snapped and severely damaged trees. Additionally, the effect of treatment and amount of damage to trees was different depending on tree species. If our results are indicative of the large and globally-distributed regions of temperate forests impacted by nitrogen deposition, then the increased windstorm disturbance risk posed by climate change could be more significant due to the effects of nitrogen deposition.
Cultural cultivation for the mobility of Bangladeshi higher education students in Australia

ABSTRACT In the global education market, Australian universities have had their position confirmed as a crucial emerging destination for international students, especially among young Bangladeshi people. This article seeks to investigate the cultural factors for young Bangladeshis to become physically mobile in order to seek higher education in Australian universities. Following a qualitative methodology, this article explores purposively selected 18 young Bangladeshi students’ stories behind being physically mobile in pursuing higher education in two Australian universities. Drawing upon the theorisation of Bauman and Appadurai, it claims that not only is it the insecurity and uncertainty existing in Bangladesh, but the consumerist culture of neoliberalism in both home and the host country that motivates students to go abroad pursuing higher education. The findings of this article aim to inform researchers and policymakers in both developed and developing countries about the politics and power related to mobilities by articulating a critical analysis on present practices in globalised cultures and institutions.
Mycoremediation of Atrazine in a Contaminated Clay-Loam Soil and its Adsorption-Desorption Kinetic Parameters

Clean-up of contaminated soils with atrazine is an ecological responsibility. The objectives of this study are to evaluate atrazine degradation in a clay-loam soil microcosm using fungal enzyme extracts from Trametes maxima and its co-culture with Paecilomyces carneus and to determine the kinetic parameters of the adsorption-desorption of atrazine in soil. Fungal coculture extract ( T. maxima-P. carneus ) and monoculture ( T. maxima ) were able to degrade 100% of atrazine. However, we observed variation in atrazine degradation over the course of the evaluated time period, which suggests that an adsorption-desorption process is occurring in the soil. Adsorption-desorption kinetic parameters of the Freundlich model revealed that the studied soil has a significant capacity to adsorb atrazine ( K F = 8.2148; r 2 = 0.992 and P -value < 0.0001), while according to the desorption parameters ( K F = 5.4992; r 2 = 0.245 and P -value = 0.036) and hysteresis index (H = 0.573), the soil does not desorb atrazine at the same rate. Fungal enzyme extracts from a monoculture and co culture of T. maxima were able to degrade atrazine in a short time period (< 12 h). The ability of the contaminated soils to adsorb and desorb atrazine should be taken into account in mycoremediation systems.
Agro-Economic Evaluation of Alternative Crop Management Options for Teff Production in Midland Agro-Ecology, Ethiopia

Teff is an important crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Improved crop management practices are needed to increase teff productivity and decrease production costs. Here, we used a split–split plot design to evaluate the impacts of different tillage, sowing, and soil compaction practices, and their combinations, on agronomic performance, weed population, lodging, and cost in teff production at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia in 2018–2020. Reduced tillage (RT) improved soil moisture, resulting in increased agronomic performance and decreased production costs compared with conventional tillage (CT); however, the weed population was substantially larger with RT than with CT. Row planting (RP) reduced seed cost and lodging but increased sowing and weeding costs compared with broadcast planting (BP). Plant population and leaf area index were substantially greater with BP than with RP during early-stage growth, but this reversed during late-stage growth. Despite labor costs being significantly greater with (WC) compaction than without (NC), little to no differences were observed in the weed population or in agronomic performance. Partial cost–benefit analysis revealed that RT–RP–WC followed by RT–RP–NC was the most economical treatment combination, suggesting that RT–RP–NC could be a labor-effective means of increasing teff production by smallholder farms in Ethiopia.
Algebraic necessary and sufficient condition for difference flatness

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel solution is proposed for verifying difference flatness of a nonlinear discrete-time control system. A necessary and sufficient condition is proved under which a discrete-time control system is flat. The condition is based on a sequence of vector spaces of differential 1-forms. A more general definition of flatness is considered than in most cases, since the flat output is allowed to depend on the backward shifts of the states and inputs. Also, unlike most conditions that check flatness of a discrete-time system, the one proposed in the current paper does not require actually computing the flat output. Although, the flat output can be found from the vector spaces based on which the necessary and sufficient condition is presented. Algorithms are provided in order to compute all the necessary vector spaces. Two examples illustrate the results.
Current Methods of Health Education by Nurses and Its Impact on Hypertension Patients: A Literature Review

Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease which is one of the main causes of serious cardiovascular disease death in the community. The level of treatment and health control for hypertensive patients is still not optimal due to lack of information. Aim was to identify various current methods of health education by nurses and their impact on hypertensive patients. Method Literature review research. The literature was obtained from the Scopus, Sage and PubMed databases with the keywords "Intervention" OR "Methods" AND "Nursing" AND "Hypertension". There are seven literatures that are determined to meet the requirements of the inclusion criteria. Results found three types of health education methods performed by nurses: 1) direct health education methods; nurses meet and meet face to face with patients in the form of individual teaching or training, 2) indirect health education methods; nurses are not face-toface but use telephone or mobile communication aids to convey information and send SMS about health, and use internet-based websites to convey health information, 3) combined health education methods; nurses face to face with patients and follow-up care is carried out by indirect health education methods. The impact of health education methods carried out by nurses on hypertensive patients is that the level of patient adherence increases in treatment, increased knowledge levels, better blood pressure control, healthy lifestyle practices, adherence to diet, improved quality of life, and positive nurse-patient feedback occurs. in fulfilling mutually agreed upon treatment appointments. Conclusion health education methods carried out by nurses have a very positive impact on disease management and prevention of risk factors for complications in hypertensive patients.
The impact of culinary tourism on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: Padang city, West Sumatra context

The objective of this study to identify the impact of culinary tourism on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Respondents in this study are the tourists in Padang city, West Sumatra. The study utilized primary data which is obtained through the questionnaire. The respondents were selected by convenience sampling method. The number of respondents is 384 determined by using Lemeshow formula. Data were analyzed by Path Analysis. The result show that culinary tourism has a positive and significant effect both on destination loyalty and tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on destination loyalty. Culinary tourism is one of the effective tools to increase tourism. Tourist satisfaction will be achieved with components of culinary tourism. Tourist satisfaction even though insufficient category, it will be able to increase loyalty.
Machine Learning Optimised Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Retrieves Cotton Nitrogen Status

Hyperspectral imaging spectrometers mounted on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can capture high spatial and spectral resolution to provide cotton crop nitrogen status for precision agriculture. The aim of this research was to explore machine learning use with hyperspectral datacubes over agricultural fields. Hyperspectral imagery was collected over a mature cotton crop, which had high spatial (~5.2 cm) and spectral (5 nm) resolution over the spectral range 475–925 nm that allowed discrimination of individual crop rows and field features as well as a continuous spectral range for calculating derivative spectra. The nominal reflectance and its derivatives clearly highlighted the different treatment blocks and were strongly related to N concentration in leaf and petiole samples, both in traditional vegetation indices (e.g., Vogelman 1, R2 = 0.8) and novel combinations of spectra (R2 = 0.85). The key hyperspectral bands identified were at the red-edge inflection point (695–715 nm). Satellite multispectral was compared against the UAV hyperspectral remote sensing’s performance by testing the ability of Sentinel MSI to predict N concentration using the bands in VIS-NIR spectral region. The Sentinel 2A Green band (B3; mid-point 559.8 nm) explained the same amount of variation in N as the hyperspectral data and more than the Sentinel Red Edge Point 1 (B5; mid-point 704.9 nm) with the lower 10 m resolution Green band reporting an R2 = 0.85, compared with the R2 = 0.78 of downscaled Sentinel Red Edge Point 1 at 5 m. The remaining Sentinel bands explained much lower variation (maximum was NIR at R2 = 0.48). Investigation of the red edge peak region in the first derivative showed strong promise with RIDAmid (R2 = 0.81) being the best index. The machine learning approach narrowed the range of bands required to investigate plant condition over this trial site, greatly improved processing time and reduced processing complexity. While Sentinel performed well in this comparison and would be useful in a broadacre crop production context, the impact of pixel boundaries relative to a region of interest and coarse spatial and temporal resolution impacts its utility in a research capacity.
Mekong Fishes: Biogeography, Migration, Resources, Threats, and Conservation

Abstract The Mekong, the largest river in Southeast Asia, is of fundamental cultural, ecological, and economic importance to the entire Mekong region. It supports the highest fish diversity after the Amazon and the largest inland fishery in the world and is at serious threats of intensifying environmental disaster and human activities. Mismatched the high attention worldwide, few related studies were concerning fishes in the whole basin. In this paper, 899 freshwater fish species were recorded, which could be grouped into 9 biogeographical regions based on their distribution information; each region owed its unique fauna with different dominance/or endemism at the genus level. The species richness was positively related to temperature, precipitation, and longitude, but negatively to latitude and slope. Seven migratory systems were deduced from spatial distribution information of 321 migratory species, and these systems were separate but not independent. Mekong fisheries were highly diversified with an estimation of a maximum worth of around $17 billion. Fisheries played an irreplaceable role in Cambodia, and aquaculture was of growing importance in the Delta and the Upper Mekong. Cascade dams, as well as climate change, overfishing, aquaculture, and pollution, posed threats to fish diversity and resources by habitat homogenization, migratory channel blockage, parents population decline, and diseases. Integrated management, a combination of capture and aquaculture fisheries, and collaboration among scientists, fishermen, and the public were advocated to address the issues facing Mekong fishes.
COLOR PREFERENCES IN ADOLESCENCE AND EARLY ADULTHOOD AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Statement of the problem. The article examines the problem of studying an emotional sphere of a personality, in particular, emotional intelligence, in modern socio-cultural conditions, due to the change in human relations with the real and virtual world and the need for special efforts aimed at developing an emotional sphere of an individual. The importance of age-relevant emotional intelligence development is highlighted. The purpose of the article is to identify the age specificity of color preferences and their connection with some personality traits presented in the parameters of emotional intelligence in adolescence and early adulthood. The research methodology consists of the works of Russian and international authors in relation to color, which forms the space of a person’s life, has a multi-level effect on his/her emotional sphere and contributes to its enrichment; analysis and synthesis of provisions on the relationship between color perception and emotions. Research results. The study made it possible to establish that adolescence and early adulthood are characterized by preference for different colors, and the preferred colors are interrelated with different aspects of emotional intelligence, reflecting the age-specific emotional and personal characteristics. These data, on the one hand, can help in understanding the specifics of the emotional sphere of adolescents and young people, and on the other hand, they create prerequisites for the development of normative criteria for diagnosing color preferences as markers of emotional states at a certain age. Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the development of ideas about the relationship of color preferences with emotional intelligence in adolescence and early adulthood. Its main provisions can be applied by practical psychologists to use color as a tool for diagnosing and correcting emotional states and emotional intelligence, as well as to regulate emotional states through color environment.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Thymus Praecox

Calismanin amaci: Kastamonu bolgesinden toplanan Thymus praecox'un kimyasal bilesimini, antioksidan kapasitesini ve antibakteriyel aktivitesini belirlemektir. Materyal ve yontem: Kimyasal bilesimin belirlenmesinde spektroskopik ve kromatografik analizler uygulandi. Kekik ozleri bes farkli cozucu kullanilarak hazirlandi. HPLC kullanilarak Thymus praecox iceriginde bulunan flavonoidlerin varligi ve GC-MS kullanilarak ucucu yagin kimyasal icerigi arastirildi. Kekigin yaprak ve sapindaki mineral analizleri ICP-OES ile belirlendi. Antioksidan kapasite, DPPH serbest radikal temizleme yontemi ve H2O2 supurme yontemi gibi iki yontem kullanilarak belirlendi. On bakteri, Gram (+) ve Gram (-) uzerindeki antibakteriyel aktivite disk difuzyon yontemi kullanilarak test edildi. Temel sonuclar: Deneysel sonuclar, kekik ekstraktlarinin bazi bakterilere karsi antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahip oldugunu gostermistir. Sonuc olarak, en cok etkilenen bakterinin S. aureus oldugu bulundu. Inhibisyon zon capinin 8-12 mm arasinda oldugu belirlendi. Cozuculerin antibakteriyel aktivite, antioksidan kapasite, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid miktarlari uzerine etkisi gozlendi. Arastirma vurgulari: Calismalar T. praecox'un dogal bir antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan ajan olarak kullanilma potansiyeline sahip oldugunu ve dogal bir destek tedavisi olarak kullanilabilecegini gosterdi.