Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Language Difficulties and Later Behavioral Adjustment in Low-Income , High-Risk Children

background: Children with language difficulties have been shown to have higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems, but less research has explored potential moderating factors on this relationship. Method: The sample included 731 high-risk, low income children who participated in a multisite intervention study. Families with toddlers were recruited for participation at age 2 and also seen at ages 3 and 4. Results: ll children at age 2 were seen by their caregivers as having higher rates of withdrawn behavior and emotional reactivity at the age 4 assessment. Neither positive nor negative observed parenting was found to moderate the association between ll difficulties and later behavioral adjustment. Person-centered analyses comparing children who showed a remittance of language problems from ages 2 to 4 years versus persistent language difficulties showed higher rates of withdrawal, aggression, emotional reactivity and attention problems as well as poorer parenting. Conclusions: Findings suggest that while early ll may be associated with later behavioral problems, toddlers with persistent ll are particularly at risk for later behavioral difficulties, toddlers with persistent ll are particularly at risk for later behavioral difficulties. behavioral difficulties, toddlers with persistent ll are particularly at risk for later behavioral difficulties. keywords: language delay, behavior problems, high-risk populations Using a sample of toddlers at high risk for the emergence of language and behavioral problems, we first examined the association between LL and behavioral difficulties at age 4. Second, we examined the possible attenuating influence of maternal parenting, specifically sensitive, responsive and harsh, rejecting parenting, in the association between language risk and problem behaviors at age 4. LL have been linked to aspects of child maladjustment, including behavioral problems and social delays. This association is noteworthy because of the continuity between early problem behavior and more serious forms of psychopathology in middle childhood and adolescence. For example, externalizing symptoms characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and aggression in early childhood are often predictive of more serious forms of antisocial behavior during middle childhood and adolescence (Aguilar, Sroufe, Egeland, & Carlson, 2000; Barkley, 1998; Moffitt, Caspi, Harrington, & Milne, 2002). Although fewer
An Effective Method to Decrease the Dimension of Input Vector of BPNN on ASR System

This paper uses BP neural network for modeling and recognition in the ASR (automatic speech recognition system) to get a high performance. But it still has some disadvantages, one of which is that it needs to construct a high dimension of input vector, so it will waste a lot of memory storage and spend much time in computing. In this paper we present a new method to combine HMM and BPNN to decrease the dimension of input vector and still keep a high recognition rate while recognizing.
Forest Stand Types Classification Using Tree-Based Algorithms and SPOT-HRG Data

Forest types mapping is one of the most necessary elements in forest management and Silviculture treatments. Traditional methods such as field surveys are time-consuming and cost-intensive. Improving satellite data sources and classification methods offer new opportunities for obtaining more accurate forest biophysical maps. This research compares performance of three non-parametric and tree-based algorithms i.e. the Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Boosting Regression Tree (BRT) and Random Forest (RF) for general forest type mapping using semi high resolution of SPOT-HRG data. Using systematic random sampling design in a small area of the Hyrcanian forests, tree and shrub species were registered in 150 sample plots. Naming of the general forest types in sample plots were done based on frequency of dominant species. After geometric and atmospheric corrections of SOPT-HRG data, suitable image processing transformations were applied to main bands to produce general vegetation indices and principal components. Three nonparametric algorithms performed the wall-to-wall forest type classification. The forest type maps were assessed using unused test plots. Results shows that RF compared to the other two algorithms with overall accuracy of 70% and kappa coefficient of 0.63 could better classify the forest stand types, while the CART method had the lowest accuracy with overall accuracy of 60% and kappa coefficient of 0.51. Performance results of the BRT classifier were slightly similar to RF classifier.
Infection of rabbit knee joints after intra-articular injection of Staphylococcus aureus. Comparison with joints injected with Staphylococcus albus.

hr fixation, isosmotic M imidazole-HCI, sucrose CaCI2 and 2-mercaptoethanol. The next the postfixed first 2% 0S04 buffered with veronal, formalin buffered 7.2. dehydrated in alcohols and in Maraglas 655-Cardolite NC 513 Maraglas 732 Diepoxide resin.1' The blocks were oriented so that the synovial surface could be cut at right angles and were cut on Porter-Blum microtomes with either or knives. Thick sections, about 1 I, were stained with Paragon and studied in order to select areas for electron microscopy. Thin sections picked up on 75/300 mesh grids, stained with lead citrate and examined in an RCA EMU 3G electron microscope 50 Electron micrographs were taken at original magnifications of 2150- 32,000 and photographically enlarged as desired.
The Wilms’ Tumor Suppressor Gene (wt1) Product Regulates Dax-1 Gene Expression during Gonadal Differentiation

ABSTRACT Gonadal differentiation is dependent upon a molecular cascade responsible for ovarian or testicular development from the bipotential gonadal ridge. Genetic analysis has implicated a number of gene products essential for this process, which include Sry, WT1, SF-1, and DAX-1. We have sought to better define the role of WT1 in this process by identifying downstream targets of WT1 during normal gonadal development. We have noticed that in the developing murine gonadal ridge, wt1 expression precedes expression of Dax-1, a nuclear receptor gene. We document here that the spatial distribution profiles of both proteins in the developing gonad overlap. We also demonstrate that WT1 can activate the Dax-1 promoter. Footprinting analysis, transient transfections, promoter mutagenesis, and mobility shift assays suggest that WT1 regulates Dax-1via GC-rich binding sites found upstream of the Dax-1 TATA box. We show that two WT1-interacting proteins, the product of a Denys-Drash syndrome allele of wt1 and prostate apoptosis response-4 protein, inhibit WT1-mediated transactivation ofDax-1. In addition, we demonstrate that WT1 can activate the endogenous Dax-1 promoter. Our results indicate that the WT1–DAX-1 pathway is an early event in the process of mammalian sex determination.
Recent advances in heart sound analysis

"This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Physiological Measurement. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aa7ec8".
Edge detection for facial images under noisy conditions

Edge detection is an important image processing technique used in face recognition. In this paper we propose an edge detection algorithm suitable for extracting edge maps from facial images under noisy conditions. We employ several improvised techniques like composite gradient variation measures, weighted wide convolution kernels and dual maxima detection. This helps in removing spurious edge points along stronger edges, extracting fine edge lines along facial boundaries and curvatures and suppressing noise. This is demonstrated by extracting edges from facial images degraded by Gaussian, speckle and salt and pepper noise. For performance measurement and evaluation Pratt's Figure of Merit and Signal to Noise statistics is used.
Insulin-Independent Acute Restoration of Euglycemia Normalizes the Impaired Glucose Clearance During Exercise in Diabetic Dogs

At rest and during exercise, chronic hyperglycemia, high free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, and insulin deficiency in diabetes are well known to impair glucose clearance (metabolic clearance rate [MCR]). The effect of acute restoration of glycemia per se on MCR has been less well characterized. We therefore studied normal and alloxan-diabetic dogs both at rest and during exercise, as diabetic hyperglycemic or after acutely induced euglycemia (<160 min) generated by infusion of either insulin or phlorizin. Glucose uptake was similar under hyperglycemic and normoglycemic conditions both at rest and during exercise, indicating a precise balance between the mass effect of glucose and decreased MCR. Rest and exercise MCR was fourfold lower under conditions of hyperglycemia, but insulin-independent restoration of euglycemia improved basal MCR threefold and normalized MCR during exercise. High FFA turnover did not affect glucose uptake but was correlated with plasma lactate concentrations (r = 0.72, P < 0.001), suggesting that muscle fuel requirements are controlled by glucose oxidation and not uptake. We conclude that in alloxan-diabetic dogs, the impaired MCR may be an adaptive phenomenon because correction of hyperglycemia corrects MCR despite partial insulin deficiency and high FFA turnover. We speculate that constant glucose uptake despite hyperglycemia in diabetes may protect the muscle from excessive exposure to glucose.
Do we need a revised staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma? Analysis of the IASLC database.

INTRODUCTION A number of staging systems have been proposed for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in the past, but few have utilized a TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) system. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) previously developed a TNM-staging system which has been accepted by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC). The present study examines this staging system by analysing the updated IASLC database for patients with MPM. METHODS De-identified data from participating centres dated from 1995 to 2009 were submitted to the IASLC Statistical Center. Surgical procedures included those with a curative or palliative intent. Survival was measured from the date of pathologic diagnosis to the most recent contact or death. Endpoints included overall survival and analysis of potential prognostic factors. RESULTS Data was available for 3,101 patients from 15 centers, mostly from North America and Europe. After a median follow-up of 15 months, a number of clinicopathological and treatment-related prognostic factors were found to significantly influence overall survival. These included overall tumor stage based on the proposed TNM staging system, T category, N category, tumor histology, gender, age, and type of operation. CONCLUSIONS The IASLC database represents the largest, multicenter and international database on MPM to date. Analyses demonstrate that the proposed TNM staging system effectively distinguishes the T and N categories, but also highlight areas for potential revision in the future.
Von Willebrand Disease: An Overview

Most commonly inherited bleeding disorder, first described in Aland Islands by Erik von Willebrand. It occurs as a result of decrease in plasma levels or defect in von Willebrand factor which is a large multimeric glycoprotein. Monomers of this glycoprotein undergo N-glycosylation to form dimers which get arranged to give multimers. Binding with plasma proteins (especially factor VIII) is the main function of von Willebrand factor. The disease is of two forms: Inherited and acquired forms. Inherited forms are of three major types. They are type 1, type 2, and type 3; in which type 2 is sub-divided into 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N. Type 1 is more prevalent than all other types. Mucocutaneous bleeding is mild in type 1 whereas it is mild to moderate in types 2A, 2B, and 2M. Type 2N has similar symptoms of haemophilia. The pathophysiology of each type depends on the qualitative or quantitative defects in von Willebrand factor. The diagnosis is based on von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor activity assay, FVIII coagulant activity and some other additional tests. Results should be analyzed within the context of blood group. von Willebrand factor multimer analysis is essential for typing and sub typing the disease. The management of the disease involves replacement therapy, non-replacement therapy and other therapies that include antifibrinolytics and topical agents.
SAT-Based Area Recovery in Technology Mapping

This paper proposes a new SAT-based algorithm for recovering area in technology mapping. The algorithm considers a sequence of relatively small overlapping regions of a mapped network and computes an improved mapping of each using a SAT solver. Delay constraints are taken into account by interfacing the SAT solver with a timer. Experimental results are given for mapping into 6LUTs. An average reduction in area on top of a high-effort area-only synthesis/mapping flow was 3-4% while for some benchmarks the area reduction was more than 10%.
Image‐based modeling of lung structure and function

The current state‐of‐the‐art in image‐based modeling allows derivation of patient‐specific models of the lung, lobes, airways, and pulmonary vascular trees. The application of traditional engineering analyses of fluid and structural mechanics to image‐based subject‐specific models has the potential to provide new insight into structure–function relationships in the individual via functional interpretation that complements imaging and experimental studies. Three major issues that are encountered in studies of airflow through the bronchial airways are the representation of airway geometry, the imposition of physiological boundary conditions, and the treatment of turbulence. Here we review some efforts to resolve each of these issues, with particular focus on image‐based models that have been developed to simulate airflow from the mouth to the terminal bronchiole, and subjected to physiologically meaningful boundary conditions via image registration and soft‐tissue mechanics models. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:1421–1431. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formula Approaches for Market Access Negotiations

Most of the large tariff reductions achieved in multilateral tradenegotiations have involved tariff-cutting formulas such as the "Swiss"formula. However, wide variations in initial tariff rates between activeparticipants call for new approaches under the Doha Development Agenda.This paper surveys a range of formula options and examines both targetedand flexible applications of the Swiss formula that target tariff escalation andpeaks, and would allow policy makers to directly target how far they willmove towards free trade, while providing some flexibility for trading offreductions in peak tariffs against reductions in lower-tariff sectors.
Automatic 3D cloning and real-time animation of a human face

We describe our techniques for the automatic cloning of a human face which can be animated in real time using both video and audio inputs. Our system can be used for video conferencing and telecooperative work at various sites with shared virtual environment inhabited by virtual clones. This work is part of a European project VIDAS (AC057). A generic face model is used which is modified to fit to the real face. Primarily, two aspects are considered: (1) modeling involving the construction of a 3D texture mapped face model fitting to the real face; (2) animation of the new constructed face. Automatic texture fitting is employed to produce the virtual face with texture mapping from the real face image. A model independent facial animation module provides real time animation. The system allows integration of audio and video inputs and produces a synchronized visual and acoustic output.
Comparison of Three Culture Techniques for the Isolation of Brucella Abortus from Bovine Supramammary Lymph Nodes

Three different culturing techniques were compared and evaluated to determine the most effective method for isolating Brucella abortus from bovine supramammary lymph nodes (SM's). In method I, the SM was sliced in half, and the inner surface was minced finely with a sterile scalpel. The minced surface was spread onto the agar surface of 4 selective media. In method II, the SM was cut into small pieces and placed in a bag with a volume of phosphate-buffered saline equal to the volume of the lymph node. The bag was placed in a laboratory blender and the SM was macerated for 5 min. The tissue suspension was spread with a sterile cotton swab onto the agar surface of 4 selective media. In method III, the SM was processed in the laboratory blender. One milliliter of the suspension was pipetted into a flask of biphasic medium, and 2 ml of the suspension was pipetted into another flask of biphasic medium. A total of 626 SM's from 285 cows were cultured. Brucella abortus was isolated from 149 (52.3%) cows by 1 or more methods. Brucella abortus was isolated from 136 cows by method I, 137 cows by method II, and 86 cows by method III. Nine (3.2%) cows were positive by method I only, 11 (3.9%) cows by method II only, and 2 (0.7%) cows by method III only. The isolation rate for method III was significantly lower than for method I or II. There was no significant difference between methods I and II.
Tear Lipocalin and Lysozyme in Sjögren and Non-Sjogren Dry Eye

Purpose. To evaluate the concentration of tear lipocalin, lysozyme, and total protein in Sjogrens Syndrome (SS), non-Sjogrens keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and non-dry-eyed (NDE) individuals. Methods. Seventy-six subjects were recruited for this study: 25 SS subjects; 25 KCS subjects, and 26 NDE individuals. Symptoms were measured with a visual analogue scale. Tear flow was measured by the Schirmer I test without anesthesia. Tears were collected using an eye wash technique. Total tear protein was quantified using the DC Protein Assay Kit. Tear lipocalin and lysozyme were quantified via Western blotting performed on a Phast System. Results. By definition, the SS and KCS groups both had significantly lower mean Schirmer scores (5.12 ± 5.96 mm and 7.84 ± 7.35 mm) compared with the NDE group (23.83 ± 7.85 mm; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in mean Schirmer scores between SS and KCS groups (p = 0.19). The tear film of the SS group was characterized by significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) total protein and lipocalin concentrations compared with both KCS and NDE groups. No difference between the KCS and NDE groups was found in total protein (p = 0.92) or lipocalin (p = 0.19) concentration. In contrast, the concentration of tear film lysozyme was found to be statistically similar in all three groups examined. No statistically significant correlation was found in any group between mean Schirmer values compared with total protein, lipocalin or lysozyme concentration. Conclusion. Our data demonstrate a biochemical distinction between the Sjogrens group compared with both KCS and control groups, in that both tear lipocalin and total tear protein were significantly reduced. Although correlations were not found between protein measurements and tear flow, a combination of tests including Schirmer I and quantitation of tear film biomarkers may allow for the identification of SS patients without the need for invasive testing.
The Arabidopsis SeedGenes Project

The SeedGenes database (http://www.seedgenes.org) presents molecular and phenotypic information on essential, non-redundant genes of Arabidopsis that give a seed phenotype when disrupted by mutation. Experimental details are synthesized for efficient use by the community and organized into two major sections in the database, one dealing with genes and the other with mutant alleles. The database can be queried for detailed information on a single gene to create a SeedGenes Profile. Queries can also generate lists of genes or mutants that fit specified criteria. The long-term goal is to establish a complete collection of Arabidopsis genes that give a knockout phenotype. This information is needed to focus attention on genes with important cellular functions in a model plant and to assess from a genetic perspective the extent of functional redundancy in the Arabidopsis genome.
Observer-based fuzzy adaptive controller design for nonlinear systems with time-varying uncertain parameters

In this paper, we propose an observer-based fuzzy adaptive control scheme combined with state estimation for continuous-time multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with time-varying parametric uncertainties. The proposed observer-based fuzzy adaptive control employs a fuzzy system to approximate the time-varying parametric uncertainties, which are periodic and the only prior knowledge is the periodicity, where the tracking error can have fast parameter adaptation and fast convergence properties. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, the proposed fuzzy adaptive control system can guarantee the stability of the whole closed-loop system and obtain good tracking performance as well. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a 2-dof parallel robot control problems. The simulation can demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme and achieve satisfy simulation results.
Validation of the Dynaport Minimod during Sleep: A Pilot Study

To measure activity during sleep, polysomnography and actigraphy are often used. The DynaPort MiniMod measures movement intensity and body position day and night. The goal was to examine the validity of the DynaPort MiniMod in assessing physical activity and body posture during sleep. In Study A, 10 healthy participants slept with the DynaPort MiniMod and the Actiwatch for one night. In Study B, 8 participants suspected of having Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome slept for one night with the DynaPort MiniMod and underwent complete polysomnography as part of the typical care protocol. In Study A, there was a significant moderate correlation (r = .70) between the movement scores of the Actiwatch and the DynaPort MiniMod. In Study B, a high intraclass correlation (r = .84) between body posture scores of the DynaPort MiniMod and the polysomnography position sensor was observed. The DynaPort MiniMod is a valid measurement device for physical activity during sleep.
Analysis of Alcohol Consumption Probability and Level of Intake

This article examines the impact of sociodemographic factors on individual consumption of alcohol in the United States using the Heckman procedure and logit analysis. Factors considered are urbanization, race, ethnicity, region, weight, height, sex, food stamp participation, employment status, diet status, day of consumption, household size, age, and income, All the variables, with the exception of ethnicity and food stamp participation, significantly influence the decision to consume alcohol. Results also indicate that urbanization, region, sex, food stamp participation, and household . size significantly affect the level of alcohol consumption.