Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyper-Ap: Enhancing Associative Processing Through A Full-Stack Optimization

Associative processing (AP) is a promising PIM paradigm that overcomes the von Neumann bottleneck (memory wall) by virtue of a radically different execution model. By decomposing arbitrary computations into a sequence of primitive memory operations (i.e., search and write), AP’s execution model supports concurrent SIMD computations in-situ in the memory array to eliminate the need for data movement. This execution model also provides a native support for flexible data types and only requires a minimal modification on the existing memory design (low hardware complexity). Despite these advantages, the execution model of AP has two limitations that substantially increase the execution time, i.e., 1) it can only search a single pattern in one search operation and 2) it needs to perform a write operation after each search operation. In this paper, we propose the Highly Performant Associative Processor (Hyper- AP) to fully address the aforementioned limitations. The core of Hyper- AP is an enhanced execution model that reduces the number of search and write operations needed for computations, thereby reducing the execution time. This execution model is generic and improves the performance for both CMOS-based and RRAM-based AP, but it is more beneficial for the RRAMbased AP due to the substantially reduced write operations. We then provide complete architecture and micro-architecture with several optimizations to efficiently implement Hyper-AP. In order to reduce the programming complexity, we also develop a compilation framework so that users can write C-like programs with several constraints to run applications on Hyper- AP. Several optimizations have been applied in the compilation process to exploit the unique properties of Hyper- AP. Our experimental results show that, compared with the recent work IMP, Hyper- AP achieves up to 54×/4.4× better power-/area-efficiency for various representative arithmetic operations. For the evaluated benchmarks, Hyper-AP achieves 3.3× speedup and 23.8× energy reduction on average compared with IMP. Our evaluation also confirms that the proposed execution model is more beneficial for the RRAM-based AP than its CMOS-based counterpart.
Library preparation from circulating cell-free DNA

the sample type, there is also considerable variation in the amount of cfDNA, and the difficulty of assessing this prior to extraction complicates workflow standardization. This issue is further compounded by the presence of genomic DNA (gDNA) from white blood cells, which can be present in plasma samples due to mechanical damage caused during sample processing and storage. The goal is therefore to recover the shorter, fragmented DNA while leaving the larger gDNA molecules, enriching the cfDNA for downstream analysis using NGS.
Data Compression Accelerator on IBM POWER9 and z15 Processors : Industrial Product

Lossless data compression is highly desirable in enterprise and cloud environments for storage and memory cost savings and improved utilization I/O and network. While the value provided by compression is recognized, its application in practice is often limited because it’s a processor intensive operation resulting low throughput and high elapsed time for compression intense workloads.The IBM POWER9 and IBM z15 systems overcome the shortcomings of existing approaches by including a novel on-chip integrated data compression accelerator. The accelerator reduces processor cycles, I/O traffic, memory and storage footprint of many applications practically with zero hardware cost. The accelerator also eliminates the cost and I/O slots that would have been necessary with FPGA/ASIC based compression adapters. On the POWER9 chip, a single accelerator uses less than 0.5% of the processor chip area, but provides a 388x speedup factor over the zlib compression software running on a general-purpose core and provides a 13x speedup factor over the entire chip of cores. On a POWER9 system, the accelerators provide an end-to-end 23% speedup to Apache Spark TPC-DS workload compared to the software baseline. The z15 chip doubles the compression rate of POWER9 resulting in even much higher speedup factors over the compression software running on general-purpose cores. On a maximally configured z15 system topology, on-chip compression accelerators provide up to 280 GB/s data compression rate, the highest in the industry. Overall, the on-chip accelerators significantly advance the state of the art in terms of area, throughput, latency, compression ratio, reduced processor utilization, power/energy efficiency, and integration into the system stack.This paper describes the architecture, and novel elements of the POWER9 and z15 compression/decompression accelerators with emphasis on trade-offs that made the on-chip implementation possible.
Pattern of variations in space and time for the water quality parameters of the rivers, state of Paraná, Brazil

Further objectives were to determine the different patterns of land use and occupation within the microbasin formed by these rivers, and to assess the influence of the quantity of riparian vegetation on the presser/vation of the aquatic ecosystems. The studied basin extends over a total area of 77.75 km 2 , of which 92.98% comprised agriculture (44.11%) and native forest (48.87%). The drainage area of the sampling site P1 was 87.57% covered by crops, and so was 22.30% of the area of the sampling site P4. However, the application of the Tukey test (p < 0.05) to the data for thermotolerant coliforms (also known as faecal coliforms FC) led to the inference of similarity (p<0.05) between the sampling sites P1 and P4. This indicates that the agriculture impact is probably mitigated by the area of native forest around the source of the spring that feeds P1. From the sampling site P2 to P3, the drainage area showed an improvement in the preservation of natural areas, with the area covered by crops decreasing to 44.41% and an increase of 47.93% in the land covered by native forest. Sampling sites P2 and P3 also showed significant similarity between their annual averages for FC, displaying a reduction in the concentration of these microorganisms from 2.15 to 1.61 (× 103 MPN/100 mL), which again provided evidence of the positive influence of the recovery of plant cover within the drainage area. Recognising that the other sampling sites with very similar land use characteristics did not display significant alterations in the water quality, the influence of the vegetation and its role as a buffer were made evident, since for these sampling sites most water sources are not bereft of surrounding vegetation. In this way, the lack of correlation (Pearson and Spearman) between the seasonal variations for the assessed water quality parameters allowed us to provide evidence for the positive effect of riparian vegetation in the maintenance of the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and the preservation of the water quality. The water quality comprises physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters related to the different land uses within the river basin.
ROBUST MODEL FOR DOA ESTIMATION AND INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN MULTI-SIGNALS ENVIRONMENT

Beamforming algorithms are a digital signal processing algorithm which combined with uniform array in the smart antenna technology. Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) is one of these algorithms which produce optimal adaptive complex weight for array’s elements. The overall radiation beam pattern is generated according to this weight for minimizing the radiation power and maintains the main beam in the desired direction with unity gain. The resolution of this method for estimating the signal DOA depends on steering vector, a small mismatch in this vector leads to degradation on MVDR performance. This paper presents a new model for enhancing the resolution of MVDR to estimate signal’s direction based on single Uniform Linear Array (ULA) with two reference elements. DOA covariance matrix is extracted according to these two references’ matrices. Therefore, steering vector is constructed in actual mode with all impinging signals information. The null constraint is added to the proposed MVDR for producing robust weight vector that concern to the interference signals such as the concern to the desired signals.
ON THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR AND AUTONOMOUS MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS

Jinyoung Choi, 2019. Gritty and habitual: Research on the theory of planned behavior and autonomous motivation for physical activity in adolescents. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences. University of Jyväskylä. 53 p. Grit is perseverance and passion for long-term goals, an individual trait that can lead to successful outcome. Habit is considered as goal-directed automaticity, repeated with low awareness, which may interact with behavior and intention for the behavior. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) describes constructs in predicting behavior with the intention to act. There have been several studies on each of the three elements mentioned above (grit, habit, TPB) and autonomous motivation in physical activity (PA). However, few studies look at the relationship altogether between these variables. This study examined the associations of psychological constructs based in the TPB with grit and habit. As a pilot study of a larger project, the study aims to examine if individual differences in grit and habit can predict intentions and behavior of PA. It was hypothesized that grit and habit will both have effect on PA and the TPB variables. 277 Finnish secondary school students (grades 7, 8 and 9) were asked to fill out a questionnaire at two points in time (week 1 and 5). The questionnaire contained questions from three different questionnaires that measure grit (Duckworth & Peterson, Matthews & Kelly, 2007), habit (Gardner et al., 2012), and the constructs of the TPB (Ajzen, 1985). Reliabilities were analyzed with Cronbach’s α and the correlational coefficient r. The relationships between the variables were quantitatively measured through correlational and regression analysis using SPSS. Correlations revealed that grit and habit correlated each in varying degrees to attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and PA. Longitudinal correlations were found especially with habit, intention, and PA (r ≥ .20). Grit had small longitudinal correlation with PA (r = .13). ANOVA results indicated that students with higher grit or higher automaticity were more physically active in both Time 1 and 2. There were no combined effects of grit and habit on PA. Regression results demonstrated the cross-sectional and longitudinal effect of grit and habit on PA, with intention as a mediating variable. Grit and habit are considered as important predictors to physical activity of adolescents, and as suitable targets for intervention. The results of the study will be important in understanding the effect of grit and habit on the variables of autonomous motivation in the TPB.
The long-run price elasticity of electricity demand∗

Predicting the effects and incidence of climate change policy requires understanding how consumers respond to electricity prices. To date, studies of long-run electricity demand have relied on price changes that are transient or endogenous, and none have utilized experimental or quasi-experimental variation. We estimate the short-run (one-year) and long-run (three-year) price elasticity of residential electricity demand by exploiting price variation arising from a natural experiment: an Illinois policy that enabled some communities to select new electricity suppliers on behalf of their residents. Employing a flexible matching approach, we find that participating communities experienced long-lasting average price decreases in excess of 10 percent in the three years following adoption of a new supplier. Our estimates imply a shortrun average price elasticity of -0.14 and a long-run elasticity of -0.29. We also present evidence that consumers reacted in anticipation of these price changes: usage began changing after the policy announcement but prior to the price change, which is consistent with a durable or habit good model of consumption. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for longrun adjustments when projecting the effects of climate change policies.
Differentiation and AE1/AE3, Vimentin and p63 Immunolocalization in Canine Mammary Gland Tumours

Dogs have the highest incidence of mammary tumors among any mammals, including humans, and the lesions are known for their biologic and histomorphologic heterogeneity. Canine mammary tumors are classified as epithelial, mesenchymal and mixed neoplasms (Morrison, 2002). In our research, we have focused on specific cell type’s origin using immunohistochemistry to supply semiquantitative data for determination of tumor type in the tissue sections of interest (Veerle, 2005). The AE1/AE3 monoclonal antibody is a combination of 2 monoclones, AE1 and AE3, both of which recognize a wide spectrum of cytokeratins that are expressed during epithelial cell differentiation. Compared with other epithelial markers, such as the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), AE1/AE3 is more specific and has been widely used for clinical determination of the epithelial origin of malignant cells (Bussolati et al, 1986; Bonnie, 2002). Vimentin is a member of intermediate filaments which are parts of cytoskeleton in cytoplasmic matrix world. Normal canine mammary tissues, mixed tumors or complex adenoma are immunopositive to vimentin in every type of myoepithelial cells and mesenchymal tissues (Destexhe et al, 1993; Rabanal and Else, 1994). Therefore,
Essays in Japanese Literature

The globe citizens in the highly competitive material world in the twenty-first century immerse themselves in an enigma, an enigma where they inevitably struggle in their career for fame and fortune as success but they insensibly alienate from their family in daily life. Kazuo Ishiguro, a newly-rising Anglo-Japanese novelist, explores musicians’ enigma of how they can achieve success in the music circle in relation to how they can live a happy marriage in Nocturnes: Five Stories of Music and Nightfall (2009). The novel focuses its attention on what challenges a musician encounters in different stages of career and how he faces the music and struggles for marriage and love in different career situations, either rising or falling in the fierce business world. In this essay, I examine Ishiguro’s perspectives on musicians’ career, aging from old to youth together with their marital relationships, ranging from separation to reunion, through Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin’s lens. In my argument, Ishiguro intends to provide his readers with consciousnesses in various examples of musicians and couples in relation in the novel to arouse open-ended meanings of career and marriage in the musicians’ world, which the readers comprehend by themselves through the relation of the hero and the characters in each story. He aims to further provide his readers with an insight into both issues and with motives to reexamine, revalue and rectify theirs, from the constant alienation from marriage to the close connectedness to it, leading to true happiness in life. The novel as an utterance consists of five stories, each as an utterance per se, embedding Ishiguro’s suggestion as authorial intent, in the ongoing dialogue with other utterances in the aesthetic literary world.
Effect of foliar fertilization in Coscia Pear seedlings on vegetative growth and biochemical characteristics

E-mail: raghad1974@yahoo.com Received: 08/03/2020 Acceptance: 28/05/2020 Available Online: 29/05/2020 Published: 01/07/2020 Plant nutrition is one of the determinate factors in fruit production cycles. Foliar fertilizer application is considered a complimentary nutrition method which proofed to be highly efficient under certain conditions. In this research, a foliar application of balanced foliar fertilizer N.P.K (20:20:20) +TE with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 g/l) was conducted on Coscia pear seedlings. Plant vegetative growth traits in addition to certain biochemical characteristics (Roots and leaves dry weight percentages, chlorophyll content, carbohydrates content, and minerals content) were measured. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, branches length, leaf area, main roots number, root length, root dry weight, leaves dry weight, chlorophyll, and minerals content were significantly increased by increasing foliar spray concentration from 5 to15 g/l which confirms the importance of foliar spray as an enhancer of plant physiological operations. However, the highest carbohydrate content and carbohydrate/nitrogen (C/N) ratio were observed under A10 (10 g/l) treatment which might refer to the importance of this level of foliar fertilization, specifically in this phase, to accelerate the transition from juvenility to production phase.
Biochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Fermented Camel Milk

Camel milk has an important role in human nutrition in the hot regions and arid countries. The general composition of camel milk varies in various part of the world with range of 3.07-5.50% fat, 3.5-4.5% protein, 0.70. 95% ash and 3.4-5.6 % lactose, 12.1-15% total solid. Camel milk is different from other ruminant milk, having low cholesterol, low sugar, high minerals (sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc and magnesium), high vitamin C. Camel milk contains more proteins and whey protein than cow milk. Camel milk is remedy for viruses causing diarrhea as Rota Virus considering it could be important from public health point of view to anticipate the vital hazard in camel raw milk and its produces. In this study, we used rat model of rotavirus infection which causing diarrhea. This investigation was designed to prepare fermented Camel milk with low fat (1.5%) and using it in formulas for feeding diarrhea rats (25%, 50% and 75%) to perform the role of the macro elements (sodium, potassium, phosphorous and calcium) as well as detection of Staphylococcus aureus of the three prepared formulas for diarrhea rats. Results indicated that the fermented camel milk had higher content in sodium and potassium than the row camel milk and there was stopping diarrhea on formula (3), this is due to the formula (3) can be considered antimicrobial and a strong vital inhibitor to human Rota Virus which represents the main diarrhea-causing agent in infants. It can be concluded that fermented camel milk can be considered as a good food of high nutritive and therapeutic applications. Meanwhile, the high content of antimicrobial agents in camel milk may explain its potential as an activity especially against diarrhea. [Abeer A. Khayal and Ragia O.M. Biochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Fermented Camel Milk. N Y Sci J 2013;6(9):74-79]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork. 11
Flexible low-voltage high-frequency organic thin-film transistors

Optimized materials and device design lead to record static and dynamic performance of organic thin-film transistors. The primary driver for the development of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) over the past few decades has been the prospect of electronics applications on unconventional substrates requiring low-temperature processing. A key requirement for many such applications is high-frequency switching or amplification at the low operating voltages provided by lithium-ion batteries (~3 V). To date, however, most organic-TFT technologies show limited dynamic performance unless high operating voltages are applied to mitigate high contact resistances and large parasitic capacitances. Here, we present flexible low-voltage organic TFTs with record static and dynamic performance, including contact resistance as small as 10 Ω·cm, on/off current ratios as large as 1010, subthreshold swing as small as 59 mV/decade, signal delays below 80 ns in inverters and ring oscillators, and transit frequencies as high as 21 MHz, all while using an inverted coplanar TFT structure that can be readily adapted to industry-standard lithographic techniques.
Controlling the retrieval of general vs specific semantic knowledge in the instance theory of semantic memory

Distributional models of semantic cognition commonly make simplifying assumptions, such as representing word cooccurrence structure by prototype-like high-dimensional semantic vectors, and limit how retrieval processes may contribute to the construction and use of semantic knowledge. More recently, the instance theory of semantics (ITS, Jamieson, Avery, Johns, & Jones, 2018) reconceived a distributional model in terms of instance-based memory, allowing context-specific construction of semantic knowledge at the time of retrieval. By simulation, we show that additional encoding and retrieval operations, consistent with learning and memory theory, can play a crucial role in flexibly controlling the construction of general versus specific semantic knowledge. We argue this consolidation of processing principles holds insight for distributional theories of semantic cognition.
iPIM: Programmable In-Memory Image Processing Accelerator Using Near-Bank Architecture

Image processing is becoming an increasingly important domain for many applications on workstations and the datacenter that require accelerators for high performance and energy efficiency. GPU, which is the state-of-the-art accelerator for image processing, suffers from the memory bandwidth bottleneck. To tackle this bottleneck, near-bank architecture provides a promising solution due to its enormous bank-internal bandwidth and low-energy memory access. However, previous work lacks hardware programmability, while image processing workloads contain numerous heterogeneous pipeline stages with diverse computation and memory access patterns. Enabling programmable near-bank architecture with low hardware overhead remains challenging.This work proposes iPIM, the first programmable in-memory image processing accelerator using near-bank architecture. We first design a decoupled control-execution architecture to provide lightweight programmability support. Second, we propose the SIMB (Single-Instruction-Multiple-Bank) ISA to enable flexible control flow and data access. Third, we present an end-to-end compilation flow based on Halide that supports a wide range of image processing applications and maps them to our SIMB ISA. We further develop iPIM-aware compiler optimizations, including register allocation, instruction reordering, and memory order enforcement to improve performance. We evaluate a set of representative image processing applications on iPIM and demonstrate that on average iPIM obtains 11.02× acceleration and 79.49% energy saving over an NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU. Further analysis shows that our compiler optimizations contribute 3.19× speedup over the unoptimized baseline.
OPINION AND KNOWLEDGE TOWARDS PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OF THE PHARMACISTS PARTICIPATED IN CLINICAL PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL CARE CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM

The aim of this study is to assess Turkish community pharmacists' points of view about pharmaceutical care practice in Turkey. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted to community pharmacists who attended “clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care continuing education programs” organized by Turkish Pharmacists’ Association Academy (n=385) between 2003 and 2005. Majority of the pharmacists (86.8%) were willing to provide pharmaceutical care services and 78.9% considered these services as pharmacists’ duty. Participants listed the major barriers to conduct pharmaceutical care practice as follows: “lack of knowledge of drugs and disease states; lack of technical knowledge of how to provide pharmaceutical care practice; lack of communication with physicians and stationary workload”. Our study indicated that pharmacists were willing to provide pharmaceutical care services and most of them considered lack of clinical knowledge as the major obstruct for providing the services.