Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting and Hindering Knowledge Communication in a Collaborative Picture-Sorting Task

Effective knowledge communication presupposes common ground (Clark & Brennan, 1991) that needs to be established and maintained. This is particularly difficult in remote communication as well as in noninteractive settings, because the speaker cannot use gestures or mimic and has to tailor his utterances to the addressee without receiving feedback. In these situations, the speaker may achieve mutual understanding, for example, by adopting the addressee's perspective. We present a study conducted to test the impact of instruc- tions that support and hinder individual problem-solving and knowledge communication. We used a picture-sorting task requiring indi- vidual cognitive processes of feature search (Treisman & Gelade, 1980) in addition to referential communication. As our study focused on the design of utterances, all participants assumed the role of speaker. Participants were told that their descriptions would be recorded and then listened to later by a participant in the role of addressee. Eight sets of pictures were used, which varied on two dimensions: the individual cognitive demands of detecting the relevant features (varied as between-subject factor) and the communicative demands (varied as within-subject factor). A further between-subject factor was the type of instructions: The participants received either a collaboration script as supporting instructions, or time pressure was applied to induce stress, or else they were given no additional instructions (control group). We used the speakers' verbal utterances to examine the quality of the speakers' descriptions. For both dimensions of difficulty, we found the expected effects. In the conditions with a collaboration script, there were fewer irrelevant features mentioned and fewer features were described with delay. In the conditions with time pressure, there were fewer irrelevant features described, but the number of correctly described pictures was impaired through the fact that relevant features were also neglected. Under time pressure, speakers tended to provide ambiguous descriptions regarding the frame of reference.
Aspidosperma Terpenoid Alkaloids — Biosynthetic Origin, Chemical Synthesis and Importance

Since a long time ago health sciences and natural products have been linked by the use of remedies and poisons, and nowadays there is little doubt that humans used natural drugs long before the emergence of written history [1,2]. The Ebers Papyrus dating from about 1600 BC, is one of the oldest medical treatise, which documents natural product-derived drugs used by the Sumerians and Akkadians in the 3rd century BC. Today there is information on medicinal plants dating back over about 500 years, as documented in herbaria. Laboratory studies of medicinal natural products started only about 200 years ago, with the isolation of of morphine, an alkaloid, from opium (Papaver spp.) [2,3].
The occurrence and ecological role of plasmids in bacterial mycosphere dwellers

Burkholderia terrae BS001 is a well-described mycosphere dweller. In the interaction between this bacterium and its fungal host in soil, competition for Fe might be a key process. In this study, we address the capacity of the broad-host-range IncP-1β plasmid pHB44, originally isolated in Variovorax paradoxus HB44, to enhance or modulate the Fe uptake capacity of B. terrae BS001 when confronted with mycelia of Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten in soil microcosms. The data revealed that, in most cases, the effect of plasmid pHB44 on the fitness of its host was negative. However, a strong and remarkable nullifying effect was found at the tips of the soil-exploring L. sp. strain Karsten mycelium, indicating that the metabolic burden imposed by plasmid pHB44 to BS001 was offset under iron-limited conditions. Moreover, plasmid pHB44 was transferred from B. terrae BS001 to V. paradoxus BS64 in the mycosphere. Strikingly, we found that successful plasmid transfer occurred more frequently in iron-limited than in ‘plentiful-iron’ habitats, indicating a role of plasmid pHB44 in Fe acquisition as the selective force that spurred the appearance of transconjugants. Furthermore, the findings highlight the mycosphere as a selective arena in which horizontal gene transfers across the bacterial inhabitants spurs adaptive processes.
Eagle Creek Watershed, Indiana: National Institute of Food and Agriculture–Conservation Effects Assessment Project

T he purpose of the Indiana National Institute of Food and Agriculture–Conservation Effects Assessment Project (NIFA–CEAP), Watershed-Scale Evaluation of BMP Effectiveness and Acceptability: Eagle Creek Watershed, Indiana, was twofold. First, the purpose was to analyze an extensive water quality database for the watershed so that trends in water quality could be analyzed with current conservation practices and then modeling could be used to compare observed trends in water quality to what could be achieved under different conservation management approaches. The second purpose was to develop an understanding of the social and economic limitations to the adoption of conservation practices and, by analyzing the current social limitations to acceptance of water quality management alternatives, devise strategies to accelerate positive change. Specifically, the Eagle Creek NIFA–CEAP Watershed study had four objectives: 1. Determine the effectiveness of existing and potential conservation practices in the Eagle Creek Watershed at reducing atrazine, phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), E. coli, and sediment entering the reservoir 2. Determine the social acceptability of potential conservation practices 3. Determine the economic profile of potential conservation practices 4. Use project results to provide conservation agencies with information they can use to better target cost share dollars and outreach strategies
Functional and aesthetic effects of spreader grafts technique in rhinoplasty

PURPOSE: Spreader grafts technique is recognized and widely employed in rhinoplasty for middle nasal vault reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to describe this method and analyze the functional and aesthetic effects of its application. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Autologous or alloplastic sticks with individually designed measurements were submucoperichondrially implanted between the frontmost parts of anterior septal edge and upper lateral cartilages. This technique was applied in 36 patients with different indications for middle nasal vault reconstruction. Of them, 26 underwent primary and 10 - secondary rhinoplasties. Open approach was used in 32 patients but endonasal one in the rest four patients only. RESULTS: We present our recent clinical material when using the spreader grafts technique. These grafts help to achieve harmonious dorsal aesthetic lines, internal nasal valve competence preservation or recreation, and maintenance of the straightened position of the corrected deviated cartilaginous septal dorsum. CONCLUSION: Though the spreader grafts technique is the solution of choice in many cases, particularly in secondary rhinoplasties, it is neither universal, nor perfect. There is uninterrupted debate on its true value in nasal patency. The result depends considerably on the surgeon`s technical skills and precision. Based on the literature available and our own experience, we could conclude that the spreader grafts technique in rhinoplasty presents with both positive and negative patterns.
COMT IN THE PREDICTION OF VIOLENCE 1 Catechol-o-Methyltransferase (COMT), Earlier Abuse, Gene-Environment Interaction in the Prediction of Violence

Several candidate genes have been suggested to play a role in the development of antisocial behavior in association with social and environmental factors. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the gene Catechol-OMethyltransferase (COMT) and violence; and to examine whether there were interactions between earlier abuse and COMT in the association of violence. Data were drawn from a Swedish populationbased study including 2,500 20-24 year olds. The present study found that depending on which variant of the gene one possess, one will be affected to different degree of adverse environmental factors in association with violence.
INDUCTION AND MICROPROPAGATION POTENTIAL OF SUGAR

Nagl N. , S. Mezei, L. Kovačev, D. Vasić, and N. Čačić (2004): Induction and micropropagation potential of sugar beet haploids. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 3, 187-194. The aim of research was obtaining sugar beet haploids via gynogenesis and their micropropagation. Haploids were obtained by ovule culture from fourteen diploid, monogerm, fertile genotypes. On the tested nutrient media genotypes exhibited different gynogenic potential. Eight haploid plant were chosen for further investigation and after development of first leaves put on micropropagation medium. The presence of cytokinin in medium stimulated development of axillary buds, while in some genotypes adventitious buds developed as well. Multiplication rate was not consistent, although number of developed plants grew after each subcultivation. Differences in plant multiplication started to differ after four subcultures. By testing of differences between correlation coefficients, i.e. multiplication rate during six subcultivations, it was determined that they significantly differ between tested genotypes.
Availability of phosphorus in greenhouse cropping systems with tomatoes – influence of soil and citric acid

Analyses of plant sap from organic greenhouse tomato crops show that the levels of phosphorus (P) are frequently low, despite the fact that soil analyses indicate P status in the soil to be good. In the present study, two soils (A and B) with a pH of just over 6 and a high total content of N and P were investigated with respect to release of P and uptake in a tomato crop. The fertilisers primarily used on soil A was silage and blood meal, and on soil B Vinasse and blood meal. An incubation experiment showed that the release of P per unit time was greater from soil A than soil B. This difference between the two soils may be due to lower soil organic matter concentration, with less P sorbed by Al and Fe on soil A, and a fertiliser regime which favours a high concentration of dissolved organic carbon in this soil. Tomato plants grown for 10 weeks in the soils had greater DW production, total uptake of P and concentration of P in the leaves on soil A than on soil B. Addition of citric acid to the soils in order to mobilise P increased plant yield and uptake of N and P on soil A. Despite the increased growth, the concentration of P in plant leaves increased and the N concentration was unchanged. On soil B addition of citric acid decreased Zn uptake in the tomato plants despite good availability, resulting in a lower concentration of this micronutrient in the leaves. The plants on soil A maintained their concentrations of all micronutrients analysed, but the ratio of P to micronutrients increased. Thus for commercial organic tomato growers, adding citric acid with the irrigation water offers a possibility to increase P availability.
The Value of Molecular Response in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Present and the Future

1.1 Historical notes The last decade has witnessed profound changes in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previously, therapeutic options were restricted to the use of conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as hydroxyurea (Goldman, & Marin, 2003) and busulfan (Brodsky, 1993). These were essentially cosmetic treatments, offering only palliative care, and not substantially altering the natural history of the disease. Later in the 90s interferon alpha (IFN┙), was introduced in the therapeutic armamentarium for CML patients (Goldman, 2003). When used at high doses, this agent proved to be superior to conventional chemotherapy in terms of hematological and cytogenetic response rates. In particular, 9or 10-year overall survival (OS) rates in the range of 27% to 53% (Bonifazi, 2001) have been reported. However, residual leukemia was still detectable at the molecular level in the vast majority of patients (Baccarani, 2003). Overall, these observations indicated that none of these treatment options were curative for CML and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation remained the only disease-eradicating therapy, albeit at the price of substantial treatmentrelated mortality, especially for the higher EBMT risk score patients (Gratwohl, 1998 ; Baccarani, 2006; Passweg , 2004).
Scheduling Preemptive and Non-Preemptive Tasks of Scientific Workflows using Hybrid Instances in Cloud Environment

SWf (Scientiﬁc Workﬂows) are vastly used in scientiﬁc domains and typically include non-preemptive and preemptive tasks. Cloud computing facilitates an appropriate ways to access cloud resources as a “pay-as-you-go" model and several resources such as, re-served, on-demand and spot instances are offered by the cloud service providers. The spot instance renting price is less as compared to on-demand instances. But, failures happen due to difference in the instance bid price. Henceforth, it is a challenge to schedule the preemptive and non-preemptive tasks of SWf onto appropriate spot and on-demand spot instances. Therefore, in this paper a SWf scheduling problem using both spot and on-demand instances are considered and the main objective is to reduce the total execution cost under deadline constraints. An efﬁcient rule-based scheduling algorithms are proposed to schedule non-preemptive and preemptive tasks of SWf. The algorithm considers three different rules such as, maximum number of successors, minimum processing time, and minimum slack time to schedule SWf efﬁciently. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed rule-based task sequence initialization and virtual machine selection algorithms for different SWf sizes.
EFFECTS OF LOW HUMIDITY ON COMFORT, HEALTH, AND INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: LITERATURE REVIEW by MARYAM HAMEHKASI

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of humidity on comfort, health, and indoor environment quality (IEQ) using a comprehensive literature review. Published papers were obtained from keyword and citation searches from bibliographic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), including papers from 1985 to 2015. Over 600 papers were identified and classified based on topic area; from these papers, seven were chosen as case studies for this report. The seven papers represent studies on various topics, including bacteria, influenza/virus transmission, elderly subjects, indoor air quality, effects on eyes and skin, dust mites, and asthma. Theunissen et al. (1993) showed bacteria (gram positive and gram negative) do not act the same in low or high humidity conditions. Lowen et al. (2007) studied influenza transmission. Sunwoo et al. (2006) used elderly subjects to study eyes, skin, and comfort. Reinikianen et al. (1992) and Nordström et al. (1994) surveyed a large number of subjects, controlled humidity, and assessed multiple factors regarding indoor health and comfort. Arlian et al. (2001) implemented dehumidifier as a way to reduce house dust mites. Kaminsky et al. (1995) tested asthmatic subjects and healthy subjects to compare the effects of dry air on asthma. From these case studies low humidity appeared to have a variety of effects on health and comfort; however, no precise and defined borderline exists to distinguish acceptable low humidity. Acceptable low humidity levels depend on many factors, including building location and purpose, age of occupants, and climatic conditions.
A Quantitative Assessment of Phylogenetic Inference Methods Based on Horizontal Gene Transfer

Historically, evolution has been modeled as a tree. In light of the relatively recent discovery of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT), the usage of trees in order to model evolution has become questionable. This paper assesses the validity of the hypothesis that for any significant level of HGT, the tree model of evolution will fail to accurately depict actual events. In order to investigate this hypothesis, molecular evolution was simulated with varying levels of HGT under environmental constraints such as temperature and respiration requirements. In the extreme case, high amounts of HGT create the appearance of ancestral relations that are really an artifact of the reconstruction and visualization techniques used to understand evolutionary history.
Guan Y, Li C-T, Roli F. On Reducing the effect of Covariate Factors in Gait Recognition: A Classifier Ensemble Method. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2015, 37(7), 1521-1528

Robust human gait recognition is challenging because of the presence of covariate factors such as carrying condition, clothing, walking surface, etc. In this paper, we model the effect of covariates as an unknown partial feature corruption problem. Since the locations of corruptions may differ for different query gaits, relevant features may become irrelevant when walking condition changes. In this case, it is difficult to train one fixed classifier that is robust to a large number of different covariates. To tackle this problem, we propose a classifier ensemble method based on the random subspace nethod (RSM) and majority voting (MV). Its theoretical basis suggests it is insensitive to locations of corrupted features, and thus can generalize well to a large number of covariates. We also extend this method by proposing two strategies, i.e., local enhancing (LE) and hybrid decisionlevel fusion (HDF) to suppress the ratio of false votes to true votes (before MV). The performance of our approach is competitive against the most challenging covariates like clothing, walking surface, and elapsed time. We evaluate our method on the USF dataset and OU-ISIR-B dataset, and it has much higher performance than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
The involvement of Japanese MNEs in the Indonesian automotive cluster

The Indonesian Government has applied a form of cluster policy in the automotive sector drawing upon multinational enterprises (MNEs) to develop the dynamic capabilities of the industry. Cluster policies are seen by the government as a way to enhance competencies within the automotive cluster in Indonesia, particularly the work organisation for flexible production systems and skills, as well as building up the global-local production networks. Case studies of Toyota and Honda in Indonesia examine the international transfer of technology seen through the perspective of work organisation, in order to assess whether sophisticated Japanese production management technology has been successfully transplanted into Indonesia. These case studies investigate whether there is a successful catching up process, where MNEs through top-down knowledge transfer, are able to advance Indonesian's technological capability in the automotive industry.
LARGE-SCALE WEAKLY LABELLED SEMI-SUPERVISED CQT BASED SOUND EVENT DETECTION IN DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTS Technical Report

This paper proposes a constant quality transform based input feature for baseline architecture to learn the start and end time of sound events (strong labels) in an audio recording given just the list of sound events existing in the audio without time information (weak labels). This is achieved using constant quality transform coefficients as input feature for convolutional recurrent neural network. The proposed method is a contribution to the challenge of detection and classification of acoustic scenes and events (DCASE 2018, Task 4) and evaluated on a publicly available dataset from youtube with 10 sound event classes. The method achieves the best error rate of 1.48 and F-score of 14.55 %. Based on the results obtained using a CPU based system there is a decrease of 7.5 % in case of error rate and increase of 11.5 % in case of F-score as compared to baseline results.
Particle Swarm Optimization in Structural Design

Optimization techniques play an important role as a useful decision making tool in the design of structures. By deriving the maximum benefits from the available resources, it enables the construction of lighter, more efficient structures while maintaining adequate levels of safety and reliability. A large number of optimization techniques have been suggested over the past decades to solve the inherently complex problem posed in structural design. Their scope varies widely depending on the type of stru ctural problem to be tackled. Gradient-based methods, for example, are highly effectively in finding local optima when the design space is convex and continuous and when the design problem involves large number of design variables and constraints. If the problem constraints and objective function are convex in nature, then it is possible to conclude that the local optimum will be a global optimum. In most structural problems, however, it is practically impossible to check the convexity of the design space, therefore assuring an obtained optimum is the best possible among multiple feasible solutions. Global non-gradient-based methods are able to traverse along highly non-linear, non-convex design spaces and find the best global solutions. In this category many unconstrained optimization algorithms have been developed by mimicking natural phenomena such as Simulated Annealing (Kirkpatrick et al., 1983), Genetic Algorithms (Goldberg, 1989), and Bacterial Foraging (Passino, 2002) among others. Recently, a new family of more efficient global optimization algorithms have been developed which are better posed to handle constraints. They are based on the simulation of social interactions among members of a specific species looking for food sources. From this family of optimizers, the two most promising algorithms, which are the subject of this book, are Ant Colony Optimization (Dorigo, 1986), and Particle Swarm Optimization or PSO. In this chapter, we present the analysis, implementation, and improvement strategies of a particle swarm optimization suitable for constraint optimization tasks. We illu strate the functionality and effectiveness of this algorithm, and explore the effect of the different PSO setting parameters in the scope of classical structural optimization problems.
THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON CREATIVITY

By Predrag Maksić Washington State University May 2010 Chair: Matthew Melcher From the perspective of cognitive psychology, the design process is driven by creative cognition. The organization of cognitive material is influenced by a number of environmental elements, including music. The aim of this study is to examine the hypothesis that music has an indirect effect on creativity in the design process. An experiment was designed to observe different levels of creativity in the final product of the design process. The study consisted of two phases. In both phases the participants were students of Interior Design, enrolled in the final year of their programs. A pilot experiment was carried out in the first phase for the purpose of examining theoretical assumptions and adequacy of the experiment‘s design. The main experiment was conducted in the second phase. It was designed to have two sessions. In both sessions the participants were asked to solve a creative design task. By the end of the two sessions all participant had worked with and without music stimuli. Final design solutions from both sessions were then assessed using the Consensual Assessment Technique, a standard method for assessing creative products. The Consensual Assessment Technique was conducted in order to determine if there were differences in levels of creativity in the final design products.