Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wheat bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata Fall., and its effect on the growth and yield of wheat

SUMMARY In two experiments done in successive years to compare the growth and yield of Cappelle wheat either protected from or exposed to attacks by larvae of wheat bulb fly, the plots were previously fallowed, but egg laying was prevented on half of each plot by using Polythene soil covers. In the first season wheat was sown at the end of October, November and December and in the second season in late October and in early January, when there were two sowings, one with and one without a spring application of herbicide. The infestation rate was 1·1-1·7 million eggs per acre, typical of a moderate attack. Larvae had little effect on the yield of October-sown wheat as the plants had two shoots each when first attacked and few were killed. On plots sown late, yield was decreased by up to 22%, as plants had only a single shoot when attacked and many were killed. The main effect of wheat bulb fly was to reduce the number of ear-bearing shoots by killing plants and restricting the production of new shoots. Surviving plants partially compensated by producing more ear-bearing shoots with heavier ears and slightly heavier seeds than normal. Killed plants were not distributed uniformly but were often in patches several feet across. Wheat on the attacked plots ripened more slowly and unevenly than on the unattacked plots. Weather affects the growth of the plants and activity of the larvae and thus partly determines percentage shoot survival.
Generative Principal Component Thermography for Enhanced Defect Detection and Analysis

Machine learning methods play an important role in the nondestructive testing field for quality assessment of polymer composites. As a popular deep learning branch, a generative adversarial network is introduced to the thermography field as an image augmentation approach to improve its defect detection performance. Specifically, a generative principal component thermography (GPCT) method for defect detection in polymer composites is proposed. By employing the data augmentation strategy, more informative images are generated to enlarge the diversity of the original set of images. The defect detection results can be visualized using a number of interpretable features. Consequently, the defect detection performance of thermographic data analysis can be enhanced to some extent. The experimental results on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer specimen demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the GPCT method.
Markov Game for Securing Wide-Area Damping Control Against False Data Injection Attacks

While wide-area communication networks facilitate the exchange of measurements and control signals for wide-area damping controllers, they bring in new threats of cyberattacks. This article formulates the dynamic interaction between an intelligent spoof attacker and the wide-area damping control (WADC) center as a zero-sum two-player Markov game. In this Markov game, the attacker intelligently spoofs the communication links sending wide-area control signals to selected generators while the WADC selectively encrypts transmitted control signals with limited cyberresources. The successful spoof of specific communication links leads to the degradation of the WADC performance and even to system instability indicated by the real part of the targeted interarea oscillation mode. The potential performance degradation in the physical layer is uniquely included in the cost function of this game while the other two parts of the cost function are the cybersecurity investments of both the attacker and the WADC (defender). The minimax Q-learning approach is used to obtain the optimal defense and attack strategies. Simulation results show that the strategies for the attacker and the WADC converge within 3000 iterations by using the minimax Q-learning approach. The proposed Markov game provides a cyberphysical framework to make the optimal defense strategy for the WADC.
Effect of benomyl and benomyl resistance on cellulase formation by Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma harzianum

To investigate the possible relationship between resistance to benomyl and the production of cellulases by Trichoderma spp. , we investigated the effect of benomyl on growth and cellulase formation in Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma harzianum, and the benomyl-resistant mutant T. harzianum T95. While T. reesei produced the highest and T. harzianum the lowest cellulase amounts, growth of both strains was equally inhibited by 2 μg/mL benomyl. However, sublethal doses of benomyl (0.2–0.5 μg/mL) promoted growth, stimulated cellulase production, and produced a highly branched, crippled morphology. The same phenomenon was observed with T. harzianum T-95, albeit at higher (5–10 μg/mL) benomyl concentrations. Introduction of the Neurospora crassa ben gene, coding for a benomyl-resistant β-tubulin, into a T. reesei by transformation yielded a series of transformants, which exhibited increased growth, increased cellulase formation, and highly branched, crippled morphology. Key words: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderm.
Investigating the Psychological Resilience of Students in Sports Sciences Faculty

The aim of this research is to examine the psychological resilience levels of students studying in the Faculty of Sports Sciences according to some variables. The sample of the study consisted of Sports Sciences Faculty students of Duzce University, and the population consisted of 200 students from the Sports Sciences Faculty selected through a convenience sampling method. An eight-item personal information form developed by the researcher for demographic characteristics and ‘‘Short form of resilience scale’’ to determine resilience levels of participants were used. According to data obtained, while resilience levels, grades, gender, branch, department, age, and income variables of participants did not show a significant difference (p>0,05), it showed a significant difference according to sports age and place of living variables (p<0,05). Besides it was determined that resilience scores of male participants were higher than females, and team athletes had higher scores than individual athletes, lower classes had higher scores than upper classes, sports management students had higher scores than coaching and physical education and sports teaching students, and students who had younger age had higher scores than students who had older age. As a result of research, it was determined that resilience could be differed by class, sports age, residence variables. Also, it was revealed that sports age affects resilience negatively.
Oxygen concentration in the water boundary layer next to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos is influenced by hypoxia exposure time, metabolic rate, and water flow

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of hypoxia exposure time, metabolic rate, and water flow rate on the O2 concentration in the boundary layer outside and inside the chorion of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. Oxygen consumption, growth, and dissolved O2 in the boundary layer were measured at 15, 22, and 29 days post fertilization (dpf) from embryos reared in normoxia (O2 concentration at 100% saturation) and chronic hypoxia (>24 h, 50% saturation) and exposed to acute hypoxia (30 min, 50% saturation). Chronic and acute hypoxia exposure decreased the dissolved O2 in the boundary layer to the same extent at 15 and 22 dpf; however, at 29 dpf, O2 levels were significantly lower in acute relative to chronic hypoxia. At 29 dpf, O2 uptake per individual was significantly lower in embryos exposed to chronic relative to acute hypoxia. In addition, mass-specific O2 uptake in chronic hypoxia-exposed embryos was ~40% less than that of controls but the same as that of acutely exposed.
High‐quality interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging using deep convolutional networks

In this article, a modified complex‐valued convolutional neural network (MCV‐CNN) specifically for interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) imaging is proposed. Comparing with the fast Fourier transformation‐based and sparsity‐driven imaging algorithms, the MCV‐CNN can achieve super‐resolution and side‐lobe suppression on the imaging results simultaneously within a short time. The inputs of the MCV‐CNN are complex‐valued radar echo data, and the outputs are complex‐valued ISAR images which contain both the amplitude and phase information. Then the phase information is adopted to perform an interferometric operation, and the high‐quality three‐dimensional InISAR imaging results can be achieved. A 0.22 THz InISAR imaging experiment has been carried out to show the superiority of the proposed method on imaging quality and computational efficiency.
A Compact Temperature Sensor With a Resolution FoM of 1.82 pJ·K2

In this article, a compact ultralow-power smart temperature sensor realized in 130-nm standard CMOS technology, provided by STMicroelectronics, is presented. The sensor is designed with the aim of measuring local temperature variations in the range of −20 °C–85 °C in temperature drift compensation applications. It relies on a simple circuit topology that employs two current-controlled oscillators—a divider and a 15-bit counter—which allows temperature-to-digital conversion. Experimental results show an inaccuracy of ±0.6 °C (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\sigma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and a resolution of 0.012 °C with power consumption as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1.3-V power supply with a total die area of only 0.00916 mm<sup>2</sup>.
Heavy metal pollution status and risk assessment on area with artisanal mining activities

This study was undertaken to re-evaluate the heavy contamination level of Bagega community which recorded acute lead poisoning in 2010 and was reclaimed between 2010 and 2012. The levels of the following heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Hg, As and Cd) was measured in sixteen sampling sites around Bagega and its environs using Varian AA240 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The assessment of pollution was achieved using the Effect Range Low (ERL) and Effect Range Median (ERM), pollution index (PI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The result revealed that the soil samples within Bagega community recorded concentration below the geochemical background for analyzed heavy metals. Soils around abandoned gold mine fields show high concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg and As. Based on the ERL and ERM values, Bagega and Topeki communities recorded low to high contamination of heavy metals, while abandoned mine fields and within farmland recorded moderate to very high contamination. Pollution index analysis show insignificant contamination within Bagega and Topeki communities while farmland and abandoned mining axis recorded significant contamination of Pb, Hg and As. The Igeo indicates that relatively higher levels of Pb, Cd and Hg was recorded; suggesting heavy metalcontamination. Generally, soils around Bagega community were found to range from uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. Though land reclamation within Bagega community may have reduced heavy metal levels, the study reveals high risk of heavy metals toxicity to inhabitants due to farming of arable land around mining areas. Keywords: Lead poisoning, risk, toxicology, effect range low, effect range median, pollution index, geoaccumulation.
Formal Control Synthesis via Simulation Relations and Behavioral Theory for Discrete-Time Descriptor Systems

The control and verification of industrial processes, modeled as discrete-time descriptor systems, is often computationally hard due to the presence of both algebraic couplings and difference equations. In this article, we introduce a new control synthesis method for descriptor systems which is based on formal abstractions and enables control design over related reduced-order models. We leverage notions of exact and approximate similarity relations, which hold for the algebraic couplings that are inherent to descriptor systems. Using the behavioral framework, we extend a control refinement scheme for classical dynamical systems and develop a corresponding notion for descriptor systems: We show that any given well-posed controller of the abstract (reduced-order) descriptor system can be refined to a controller for the original descriptor system. The resulting controlled system preserves the same controlled output behavior in the case of exact similarity, whereas in the case of approximate similarity, the output behavior of the controlled descriptor system is shown to have a bounded deviation from that of the abstract model where the controller is designed.
Investigation of Discharge Characteristics of Hinges Produced with 3D Printing for Prosthetic Fingers

Flexible hinges are joint mechanisms made of soft or flexible materials. The aim of this study is to determine the discharge characteristics of the flexible hinges used in prosthetic hands and fingers according to the production techniques and to determine the most appropriate hinge production parameters. The speed of the opening process and the energy consumption during the closing process directly depend on the structure of the flexible hinge. For this reason, it is important to examine the relationship between the change of the flexible hinge structure and its discharge in terms of oscillation and energy requirement. In the method of the study, primarily flexible hinge samples are produced using different printing parameters. In the next step, a finger-like test system is designed that uses accelerometers to measure discharge oscillations on the fingers. The test mechanism has a body and a free accelerometer. The body sensor is used to distinguish body vibrations transmitted to the free accelerometer. As a result of the measurements made with the test system, it is observed that the honeycomb shape produced higher frequency vibrations than the linear shape in terms of filling the shape. This indicates that the honeycomb filler can store a higher amount of energy as a result of stretching. As the percentage of inner fill or the number of outer shells increased, the frequency of vibration of the flexible hinge when released is found to be higher. It has been concluded that the hinge, which has the highest energy storage capacity at the lowest cost, will have a honeycomb filling shape, 30% filler, and four shells. Finally, a system that measures the power consumed for finger closing operations is presented. As a result of energy consumption levels with hinges, it has been observed that energy consumption increases as infill density and number of shell values increase. It is seen that these values are compatible with oscillation values. With this system, it is aimed to be used for parameter selection in robotic prosthetic finger application which is planned to be produced by 3D printing in the future.
Novice Physical Education Teachers in Israel: Facilitators and Barriers to Persistence in the Profession

The phenomenon of high attrition and dropout among novice teachers has been widely recognized as an issue that must be addressed. The current study aimed to explore this phenomenon in the field of physical education (PE). A longitudinal study using a mixed-methods approach was conducted. The participants consisted of 119 novice teachers at three points in time: during, at the end of the first year of internship, and two years after internship. Instruments included questionnaires, a semi-structured telephone survey, and in-depth face-to-face interviews. Results indicated that the majority of novice teachers intended to stay in the profession mainly due to idealistic reasons. Emotional and professional support from senior staff and/or management proved to be important to their decision to persist in the profession. Barriers that were found distinctive to PE included poor working conditions such as a lack of facilities or equipment. Additionally, participants reported discouragement from the discovery that PE was perceived as a less important subject in comparison to other school subjects. The vast majority reported that they had not been sufficiently prepared for the realities of the teaching profession.
Leveraging Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Vehicles Using Crowdsourcing: An Overview

The current and expected future proliferation of mobile and embedded technology provides unique opportunities for crowdsourcing platforms to gather more user data for making data-driven decisions at the system level. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Vehicular Social Networks (VSN) can be leveraged by mobile, spatial, and passive sensing crowdsourcing techniques due to improved connectivity, higher throughput, smart vehicles containing many embedded systems and sensors, and novel distributed processing techniques. These crowdsourcing systems have the capability of profoundly transforming transportation systems for the better by providing more data regarding (but not limited to) infrastructure health, navigation pathways, and congestion management. In this paper, we review and discuss the architecture and types of ITS crowdsourcing. Then, we delve into the techniques and technologies that serve as the foundation for these systems to function while providing some simulation results to show benefits from the implementation of these techniques and technologies on specific crowdsourcing-based ITS systems. Afterward, we provide an overview of cutting edge work associated with ITS crowdsourcing challenges. Finally, we propose various use-cases and applications for ITS crowdsourcing, and suggest some open research directions.
Design of Missile Mid-Course Guidance for Constrained Impact Angle

This research develops a mid-course guidance law, which enables a constrained impact angle at the engagement, in response to the needs of modern missile design. To achieve this goal and share the workload with the terminal guidance, the mid-course guidance has to regulate the missile to a specific target location and a specific flight angle for a specific “time-to-go. ” Therefore, conventional mid-course guidance laws are inadequate in this case. The proposed guidance law achieves this goal by recursively updating the target dynamics for the mid-course guidance, and applying optimal controls with frequently updated control parameters. Simulation results demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of the proposed method. In a simulation case, the interception missile is 100 kilometers away from the target missile, the flight speed of the two missiles are 1200 m/s and 800 m/s, respectively, and the requested impact angle is 150°. The proposed method achieves the positioning error and flight-path-angle error of 791 meters and 0.56°, at the end of mid-course guidance. When working with the previously developed terminal guidance, the miss distance and impact-angle error are 0.002m and 0.001° at the end of the engagement.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism on growth hormone gene in Aceh cattle.

This research was aimed to identify the changes of nucleotide (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) growth hormone gene in the population of Aceh cattle. There were 44 samples of DNA sequenced, and a few samples from Gen Bank (M57764). Based on the analysis using MEGA program, it was identified one new mutation on exon five on 2230 bp in which C nucleotide turned into T nucleotide, and this was called Silent Mutation (Leusine-Leusine/ CTC-CTT). The frequency of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotype on 2230 bp (C/T) was CC (0.36), TT (0.14) and CT (0.50). The genotype TT was not possessed by Aceh cattle from Saree, but possessed by those from Banda Aceh and Indrapuri. Chi-square test showed not significant differences in allele frequencies for three population. The frequency of genotype SNP on 2291 bp (A/C) was AC (0.11) and CC (0.89). The frequency of allele C was higher than allele A and T.
Nutrient digestibility of forage feed determined using mobile bag technique in horses

This work was carried out to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using mobile bags technique in horses. The forages were lucerne (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi), desmodio (Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). A randomized block design was used with seven treatments (feeds) and five blocks (horses). Five crossbreed horses were used with age ranging from 17 to 27 years and average weight of 350 kg. The assay lasted 12 days, being three days for adaptation to barns, five days for nasogastric insertion of bags and four days for bags collection in feces. The diet of horses was composed of 80% of coastcross hay and 20% of commercial concentrate. During the pre-experimental period of 30 days, the horses were maintained in paddocks feeding the diet. Nylon cloth had 45µ pore size, and bags presented dimensions of 7,5 × 2 cm with 510 mg of DM of forage sample/bag. The nutrient digestibility of forages were calculated through residues inside the bags. The nutrient digestibility of peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea were high than the other forages, mainly crude protein with values of 91.4, 94.9 and 97.0%, respectively. Fibrous fractions of peanut and lime-yellow pea presented digestibility values of NDF of 72.3 and 65, 2%, and ADF of 70.9 and 59.4%, respectively. Peanut, lime-yellow pea and stylo presented satisfactory nutrient digestibility and had potential to use in diets for horses.
Genetic diversity of the species Leporinus elongatus (Teleostei: Characiformes) in the Canoas Complex - Paranapanema River

Dams constructed along waterways interrupt the dispersion and migration of aquatic organisms, affecting mainly the abundance of migratory fish species. Translocation mechanisms have been constructed at dams aiming to minimize their impact on fish species migration behavior. There is little information available about the effect of the construction of dams on the genetic structure of the Neotropical migratory fish fauna. Therefore, RAPD molecular markers and microsatellites were utilized to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of the migratory species Leporinus elongatus (piapara) in the Canoas Complex - Paranapanema River - Brazil. Ten groups were sampled in the fish ladders of the hydroelectric dam Canoas I and Canoas II during the reproductive period in three consecutive years. Both markers showed a high level of genetic diversity within these groups. The microsatellite markers demonstrated a loss of heterozygosity and a considerable level of inbreeding in the species. The genetic differentiation found among the groups with both markers utilized is within a range from low to moderate. The data obtained with the parameter of genetic diversity among the groups led to the conclusion that the groups of L. elongatus of the Canoas Complex are structured as a single population composed of sub-populations with low genetic diversity among them. The data on genetic diversity and population structure of L. elongatus are of great importance for the development of the species management and conservation programs in the Canoas Complex, which can also be utilized in aquaculture programs.