Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive Image Segmentation Using Space-Varying Color and Texture Distributions

In the domain of computer vision image segmentation presents itself as a diverse field that has been tackled by research for decades. In this work we look into the area of supervised multi-label segmentation, meaning an input-driven partitioning of an image into multiple disjoint segments. We also strife for an interactive methodology which is able to run and provide visual response to the user in real-time. This work exploits recent developments in variational segmentation methods together with a statistical approach to estimate probability densities from user input and create results which compete with the state-of-the-art. Building on a model that uses spatiallyvarying color distributions from Parzen windows we show how to extend the model to incorporate textural information to further increase the accuracy of results. Another aspect concerns the supervised transformation of given information to raise its discriminative power. We also show how anisotropic information can improve the spatial estimation and how the variance of color and texture can be taken as a measure for automatically identifying good kernel parameters. The proposed texture-enhanced model, implemented on a GPU, is tried on different datasets where it defeats current research and presents itself as state-of-the-art while still offering real-time user interaction. The evaluation also shows that anisotropic information helps to segment elongated objects more reliably and that automatic parameter estimation frees the user from tediously finding hand-picked settings while providing results on the same visual level.
Integrating IS success model with cybersecurity factors for e-government implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The electronic government (E-Gov) Systems are currently getting recognized as an authentic strategically tool in delivering E-services. Considering the development of information system (IS) as well as the expanding of the internet-based applications in KSA, E-Gov has always been a significant aspect in delivering governmental services. This research has adopted the (IS) success model by both DeLone and McLean (DM the survey has been distributed among 211 users of E-Gov services consistently. Moreover, all research findings were attained through a quantitative method using the structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings revealed that the constructs fundamental of the (IS) success model are strongly influencing users' satisfaction (US) of the E-Gov services; correspondingly, the fundamental constructs factors of cybersecurity with TAM appear to have a strong impacts on perceived risk (PR), in addition, both which affect the E-Gov services towards usage and effectiveness.
PID optimal control to reduce energy consumption in DC-drive system

The control system that is widely used in industry is PID (Proportional Integral Derivative). Almost 90% of industries still use PID control systems because of its simplicity, applicability, and reliability. However, the weakness of PID is that it takes a long time to tune. PID control with good performance and low energy consumption can be achieved using GA tuning with the appropriate objective function. The contribution of this paper is to propose the implementation of LQR control in the form of PID using GA tuning with LQR objective function. The proposed algorithm was implemented both in the simulation and hardware which is a mini conveyor with a DC motor. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is better in both IAE and energy consumption compared with other PID tuning, Ziegler–Nichols (ZN), and GA with IAE objective function. Compared with PID ZN, it has IAE and energy reduction by 2.76% and 16.07% respectively. Although its performance is lower than the LQR, it has other advantages that use fewer sensors. The other advantage of the proposed method is, PID is more familiar using. Therefore, it easy to be implemented in the existing system without a lot of changes.
Examining the Role of Relative Age on Leadership Behaviours among Female Ice Hockey Players: An Exploratory Investigation

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of relative age on self-reported leadership behaviors among competitive female ice hockey players. Secondary purposes included examining whether a relative age effect (RAE) was present within the sample and if leadership behaviors differed according to leader status (i.e., formal versus informal leaders). Canadian female ice hockey players (ages 15-18 years) completed an online survey that contained the Leadership Scale for Sport along with additional demographic questions. Players were segmented into birth quartiles based upon Hockey Canada’s selection date and classified by leadership status. The MANOVA suggested that the frequency of leadership behaviors displayed by these athletes did not differ across birth quartiles. Furthermore, although there was a RAE trend within this sample of competitive female ice hockey players, the differences relative to population distributions were not statistically significant. Finally, formal leaders (i.e., captains/alternate captains) reported higher levels of social support, positive feedback, democratic behavior, and training and instruction than informal leaders. It appears that relative age is not a discriminating factor with respect to leadership behaviors. Competitive female ice hockey may be an avenue for all players, regardless of their date of birth, to develop and demonstrate leadership.
Some Approaches to Construction of Standard Bases in Commutative and Differential Algebra

In this talk I would like to present the directions of research and some results obtained by the Moscow team involved in INTAS grant 99-1222 related to the theory of standard bases in polynomial and differential rings and modules. The concept of the Gröbner basis introduced by B. Buchberger is a basic one in the constructive theory of polynomial ideals and is studied in detail by numerous researchers. To introduce this notion we must endow the set of monomials with an admissible order, e.g., lexicographic, or total degree then lexicographic, or total degree then inverse lexicographic [6, p. 71]. Then, for any polynomial, we can define its leading monomial, for any pair of polynomials f, g ∈ K[x1, . , xn] we define a relation of reduction f −→ g f ′ (an analogue of polynomial remainder), and for any f ∈ K[x1, . , xn] and a set G = {g1, . , gk}, gi ∈ K[x1, . , xn], i = 1, . , k, we define a relation of reduction f ∗ −→ G f ′, and, for any pair f1, f2 ∈ K[x1, . , xn], we can define their S-polynomial S(f1, f2). The exact definitions can be found in any paper on Gröbner bases, in particular, one can find in [19] a rather long list of definitions of Gröbner bases; some of them are presented below. Although the Gröbner basis of a polynomial ideal is not uniquely defined, one can distinguish among all the Gröbner bases of the ideal an autoreduced Gröbner basis which is defined uniquely up to multiplication of its elements by elements of the field K. Remember that a set G of polynomials is called autoreduced if, for any f, g ∈ G, no monomial which is present in f with nonzero coefficient is divisible by the leading monomial of g. The following conditions on an autoreduced subset A of a polynomial ideal I are each equivalent to the requirement that A is the autoreduced Gröbner basis of I: 1. the leading monomials of the elements of A generate the set of leading monomials of the elements of I; 2. the reduction relation ∗ −→ A satisfies the following property: for any f1, f2 ∈ K[x1, . , xn] and for irreducible r1, r2 ∈ K[x1, . , xn] such that fi ∗ −→ A ri, i = 1, 2, f1 − f2 ∈ I ⇐⇒ r1 = r2 (in this case, we say that ∗ −→ A is a canonical simplifier); 3. the reduction relation ∗ −→ A satisfies the following property: f ∗ −→ A 0 ⇐⇒ f ∈ I; (in this case, we say that ∗ −→ A is a normal simplifier); 4. A is the autoreduced subset of I of minimal rank (we call such a set the characteristic set of the ideal); 5. A generates I and is any S-polynomial S(g1, g2), g1, g2 ∈ A, is reducible to zero (we call such a set coherent). There is a well-known algorithm for constructing the autoreduced Gröbner basis of an ideal specified by an arbitrary finite system of generators I = (g1, . . . , gk). This algorithm is called the completion algorithm or Buchberger’s algorithm. Its simplest form is the following:
University of Birmingham Temperature and configurational effects on the Young’s modulus of poly (methyl methacrylate)

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Optical and magnetic properties of the T radiation damage centre in 28 Si

While many defects in silicon provide long-lived spin qubits, it remains difficult to use them as the base for a spin-photon interface, because many have no optical transition at all, and those which do typically suffer from poor radiative efficiencies or have inconvenient optical transition energies. A number of silicon defects with transition wavelengths in the telecommunication bands are already known to exist, prominently from the set of centres known as radiation damage centres, produced when exposing the silicon lattice to radiation damage. Of special interest is the T centre, a paramagnetic defect thought to be made of two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. The ground state of the neutral defect has an uncoupled electron spin, and the bound exciton associated with the centre has a strong luminescence transition at 1326 nm. In this first study of T centres in 28Si, we revealed the expected but nonetheless remarkable linewidth improvement over natural Si due to the removal of isotopic broadening, which provides an improved bound on the true single-centre linewidth in natural Si. From pulsed laser transient spectroscopy, we measured a lifetime of 0.94(1)μs for the bound exciton state. Using photoluminescence excitation techniques, we attributed the dominant broadening mechanism to thermal excitations to a higher excited state and showed that resonant optical saturation of the transition results in a dipole moment of 0.27(3)Debye and a radiative efficiency of 13(4)%. We also estimated the T centre concentration of one sample from its absorption spectrum, and gave energy values for a series of transitions to higher energy excitonic states. Furthermore, experiments with an external magnetic field confirmed that the excited state Zeeman splitting is anisotropic and reveal that the ground state electron has an anisotropic hyperfine interaction with the hydrogen atom with a coupling constant on the order of 3MHz. We demonstrated that initialization, readout and control over both the electron spin and the nuclear spin are possible using optical excitation and magnetic resonance, and measured T1 relaxation times greater than 16 s as well as T2 coherence times of 2.1(1)ms for the electron spin and 1.1(2) s for the hydrogen nuclear spin.
A Single Application of Phosphorus at Planting Improves Long-term Asparagus Root Growth and Yield

ABSTRACT Mature Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L) plantings are only marginally responsive to added phosphorus (P). There is little information addressing P needs of new asparagus plantings. In 1999, a trial was established in a P-deficient soil to assess effects of increasing P levels at planting on asparagus growth and productivity. Prior to planting, 0 to 450 kg·ha−1 of P was blended in the planting furrow. Fleshy root growth and carbohydrate content were measured periodically and fern growth was evaluated during the summer and autumn of each year. Spears were harvested beginning in 2001. Increasing soil P levels had a variable effect on asparagus spear yield during limited harvests of 2001 and 2002. By full harvest in 2003–2005, spear yield increased linearly with increasing P. Yield increase was associated with a linear increase in root biomass but not root carbohydrate content. A single early application of P can improve asparagus productivity.
Studying the Mechanical Properties of Graphynes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the mechanical properties of graphynes. To study the effect of atomic structure and graphyne size on the Young’s and bulk modulus, armchair and zigzag nanosheets with different side lengths and aspect ratios are considered. It is shown than the fracture of armchair graphynes occurs at larger strains. Comparing Young’s modulus of armchair and zigzag nanosheets with a constant aspect ratio, it is observed that the value of side length have not significant effect on the Young’s modulus of graphynes. Besides, the schematic of graphynes axial and biaxial loading at different strains is represented.it is shown that fracture propagates in a linear pattern
THE EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS, THE SAMPLE SIZE AND SESSION DURATION ON RESTING-STATE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE

The content of a person’s consciousness consists of a sequence of internally experienced states that form a single stream of consciousness, even during quiet Abstract Our research aims to study the difference in resting-state during EEG and fMRI experimental conditions, each of which has its own peculiarities. Therefore, we conducted EEG and fMRI experiments very close in terms of conditions, during which 108 and 109 healthy participants, respectively, were recorded at rest for ten minutes. Subjective content of conscious during resting-state was assessed using the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ) 2.0. To approve the 10-factor structure of the questionnaire in both groups we used the method of confirmatory factor analysis, the differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. In general, it was found that responses towards the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire 2.0. were similar in both groups. However, during resting-state the EEG group had larger scores for Comfort, Sleepiness and Visual Thought, while the fMRI group had larger scores for Health Concerns. The gender differences were similar in both groups for the dimension of Verbal Thoughts, which was significantly higher in females. Thus, our findings imply a substantial effect of the experimental environment difference for fMRI and EEG on subjective thoughts and feelings during resting-state experience, even when the experimental conditions are similar. That should be taken into account when planning a research experiment and analyzing data.
In Silico Prediction Tool for Drug-likeness of Compounds based on Ligand Based Screening

DrugLikeness prediction is a time-consuming and tedious process. An in-vitro method the drug development takes a long time to come to market. The failure rate is also another one to think about in this method. There are many in-silico methods currently available and developing to help the drug discovery and development process. Many online tools are available for predicting and classifying a drug after analyzing the drug-likeness properties of compounds. But most tools have their advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a tool is developed to predict the drug-likeness of compounds given as input to this software. This may help the chemists in analyzing a compound before actually preparing a compound for the drug discovery process. The tool includes both descriptor-based calculation and ingerprint-based calculation of the particular compounds. The descriptor-calculation also includes a set of rules and ilters like Lipinski’s rule, Ghose ilter, Veber ilter and BBB likeness. The previous studies proved that the ingerprint-based prediction is more accurate than descriptor-based prediction. So, in the current study, the drug-likeness prediction tool incorporated the molecular descriptors and ingerprint-based calculations based on ive different ingerprint types. The current study incorporated ive differentmachine learning algorithms for prediction of drug-likeness and selected the algorithm, which has a high accuracy rate. When a chemist inputs a particular compound in SMILES format, the drug-likeness prediction tool predictswhether the given candidate compound is drug or non-drug.
VARIABILITY AND BALANCE OF CROWN PROJECTION OF TREES PLANTED ON SIDEWALKS OF THREE BRAZILIAN CITIES

: Tree crown form can be used as a variable to the comprehension of factors that in(cid:193)uence tree growth, mainly maintenance practices and interactions with urban structures, but also the potential risks that can exist. In this research, we aimed to evaluate crown projection unbalance of trees planted on sidewalks of three Brazilian cities, in order to determine the existence and the sort of asymmetry and crown angle formed in relation to the central axis of the trunk. We measured the length of four crown projection radii and compared them by means of Kruskal-Wallis Test. Each one of the crowns was framed in one of the four asymmetry classes to verify the uniformity of projection in relation to the central axis of the trunk. We also determined the distance between central axis of the trunk and crown centroid, with respective angle formed, in order to characterize the unbalance of crown projection. There was a signi(cid:192)cant difference among crown projection radii, with greater values to radius faced to street and the smallest ones faced to buildings. In the three cities evaluated there were a predominance of trees framed on
Synaptichnium tracks from the middle Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic, Anisian) Bernburg site (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)

The Solvey Quarry of Bernburg is one of the most important ichnosites from the Muschelkalk of the Germanic Basin. Extensive surfaces with long chirotheriid trackways have been discovered and assigned to Chirotherium and Isochirotherium. Some undescribed step cycles from this site are analysed here and assigned to Synaptichnium isp. These footprints belong to a “thick-digit” Synaptichnium morphotype recognised at several Middle Triassic sites of Pangaea that seems to differ from the currently valid Synaptichnium ichnospecies. This is the first occurrence of Synaptichnium from this site and the only including step cycles one from the track-bearing Muschelkalk successions of N Germany and the Netherlands. A comparison between the tetrapod ichnoassociations of marginal marine and alluvial units of the Muschelkalk of the Germanic Basin reveals a similar ichnofaunal composition but different relative proportions between ichnotaxa. Rhynchosauroides and Procolophonichnium occur more often in tidal units, whereas the alluvial units show a higher abundance of chirotheriid tracks and an overall greater track diversity.
Investigation of the geographic origin of burrowing owl fleas with implications for the ecology of plague

ABSTRACT Host-parasite relationships between Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) and the fleas (Pulex irritans, Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) they harbor were studied to understand the extent to which migratory Burrowing Owls translocated fleas from wintering grounds to breeding grounds. This has implications for host-parasite relationships in Burrowing Owls and also potentially for the dynamics of plague, as Burrowing Owl distributions overlap plague foci, owls inhabit fossorial mammal colonies where epizootic outbreaks of plague occur, and owls may harbor species of flea that are competent plague vectors. We used hydrogen stable isotope analysis to help elucidate geographic origins of fleas collected from adults and nestlings in 2 migratory populations of Burrowing Owls in Idaho and Oregon, USA. For adults, we posited that bird-mediated dispersal would impart flea isotopic compositions representative of southern latitudes and be similar to owl toenail tissue recently grown on wintering grounds, but they would differ from contour feathers presumably grown on breeding grounds the previous year. We assumed nestling feathers and toenails would have isotopic compositions representative of the breeding grounds. We analyzed contour feathers and toenails from adults collected shortly after they arrived in breeding grounds following spring migration and from nestlings later in the breeding season, to which we compared isotopic compositions in fleas collected from individuals of both age classes. Fleas on nestlings in both populations had isotopic compositions that did not differ from nestling feathers and toenails, suggesting that nestling fleas had breeding ground origins. Fleas on adults in one population (Oregon) had breeding ground isotopic signatures, as flea compositions did not differ from nestling feathers or toenails. Adult owls in Idaho had fleas that similarly did not express a wintering ground signature, but they were enriched in the heavy isotope (deuterium) relative to nestling feathers and toenails. Therefore, we discuss the possibility that adult owls in Idaho acquired fleas at migratory stopover sites. While the latter indicates that Burrowing Owls have the potential to disperse fleas, there was no evidence of continent-wide movement of fleas by owls from wintering grounds to breeding grounds.
Preliminary investigation of different extracts of Curcuma caesia for its antibacterial effects and cytotoxic activity

The present study is carried out with the different (Petroleum ether, Diethyl ether, Chloroform and Methanol) extracts of dried rootstocks and rhizome of Curcuma caesia. Traditional use of it as liver tonic, antifungal, pain reliever as well as anthelmintic inspired us to investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of this plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, deoxysugars as well as C-glycosides. The present study revealed that the tannin was absent in all extract of C. caesia, which may be a possible reason for not showing any antibacterial activity. Also the brine shrimp bioassay revealed that petroleum ether extract, diethyl ether extract, chloroform extract and methanol extract showed LC50 value of 18.923 mcg/ml, 1.086 mcg/ml, 45.289 mcg/ml and 100 mcg/ml respectively and since the LC50 values less than 1000 mcg/ml indicate the cytotoxic property of extracts, all the extracts of the plant were biologically active.
Measurements on microtomographic images of fibrous structures

Recent improvements in computer processing and storage capabilities have made the analysis and visualisation of high-resolution three-dimensional images of material samples possible. The structure of the material is of special significance to its properties, and has as such been an active area of research. In order to analyse the structure, noise-reduction and binarisation of the material images are necessary. We have examined the current methods of noise-reduction and binarisation and suggested improvements to these. The different methods of quantification of material properties from their images in the literature has been summarised and a new method of structure quantification based on fractal analysis is suggested.