Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
60 GHz Compact Multidirectional, Multibeam Antenna-in-Package

In this study, a multidirectional, multibeam antenna-in-package (AiP) was proposed for the 60 GHz unlicensed band (57–66 GHz). The vertically polarized endfire horn antenna and broadside horn antennas were arranged and integrated into a single substrate with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array structure to cover all the radial axes. In contrast to previous horn-type AiP structures, a guard via was added to suppress back radiation. In addition, impedance matching vias and impedance matching patches were analyzed in detail to widen the impedance bandwidth. The guard via was also analyzed. An efficient AiP was designed by minimizing the overlapped beamwidth of the antenna radiating in broadside and endfire directions; this was possible because the E- and H-plane beamwidths, respectively, can be adjusted by controlling the horn aperture. Each beamforming function of the broadside and endfire array was realized by integrating each radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) to the corresponding array. The size of the antenna was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.5\times 10.6\times1.51$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$= 1.5\times 2.12\times 0.302\,\,\lambda _{0}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array AiP had 8.5 and 9.1 dBi realized gains for the endfire and broadside horns, respectively, and the measured <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> covered 57–66 GHz. Therefore, the proposed antenna is expected to be mounted and used in mobile devices, such as virtual reality (VR), head-mounted displays (HMDs), and augmented reality (AR) glasses.
The Novel Three-Stage Outlier Disclosure Scheme For Fix Magnitude Impulsive Noise (FMIN)

For outlier eradication analysis society, in the outlier disclosure scheme, the disclosure depicted element (which is a midpoint) and its adjacency likeness (which are taken account of the disclosure depicted element and its adjacency depicted elements) are mathematically clarified as outlier likeness. This dissection paper proposes the novel outlier eradication scheme placed on a three-stage outlier disclosure scheme, which is derived from the two-stage scheme that is one of the leading-edge and most remarkable of outlier eradication scheme in order to deal with the drawback of the preceding outlier disclosure schemes for fix magnitude impulsive noise (FMIN) at pervasive diffusion of outlier repetition (5%−90%). The outlier pattern indication, which is taken account of each disclosure depicted element and its adjacency depicted elements, is compared to the flexible threshold for disclosing whether it is the original element or outlier element. In the analytical investigation, capacious impaired pictures, which are integrated of Baboon, F16, Girl, Lena and Pepper with pervasive diffusion of outlier repetition, are investigated for analyzing the three-stage outlier disclosure scheme. The first augmentation is the mathematical dispersion of outlier/non-outlier depicted elements of three-stage disclosure scheme (such as norm value and predictable error), which is contrasted with the original 2-stage outlier disclosure scheme. The second augmentation is the outlier disclosure truthfulness of three-stage discovery scheme, which is compared with the original 2-stage outlier disclosure scheme.
IPDeN: Real-Time deflection-based NoC with in-order flits delivery

In deflection-based Network-on-Chips (NoC), when several flits entering a router contend for the same output port, one of the flit is routed to the desired output and the others are deflected to alternatives outputs. The approach reduces power consumption and silicon footprint in comparison to virtual-channels (VCs) based solutions. However, due to the non-deterministic number of deflections that flits may suffer while traversing the network, flits may be received in an out-of-order fashion at their destinations. In this work, we present IPDeN, a novel deflection-based NoC that ensures in-order flit delivery. To avoid the use of costly reordering mechanisms at the destination of each communication flow, we propose a solution based on a single small buffer added to each router to prevents flits from over taking other flits belonging to the same communication flow. We also develop a worst-case traversal time (WCTT) analysis for packets transmitted over IPDeN. We implemented IPDeN in Verilog and synthesized it for an FPGA platform. We show that a router of IPDeN requires ≈3-times less hardware resources than routers that use VCs. Experimental results shown that the worst-case and average packets communication time is reduced in comparison to the state-of-the-art.
A study of self-excited oscillations of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system

Abstract We analyze the linearized version of an analytical model, which combines linear ocean dynamics with a simple version of the Bjerknes hypothesis for El Nino. The ocean is represented by linear shallow water equations on an equatorial beta-plane. It is driven by zonal wind stress, which is assumed to have a fixed spatial form. Stress amplitude is set to be proportional to the thermocline displacement at the eastern boundary. It is shown that, for physically plausible parameter values, the model system can sustain growing Oscillations. Both growth rate and period scale directly with the time that an oceanic Kelvin wave needs to crow the basin. They are quite sensitive to the coupling parameter between thermocline displacement and wind stress, and the zonal location and meridional width of the wind. The most important parameter determining this behavior of the system is the coupling constant. For strong coupling the system exhibits exponential growth without oscillation. As the coupling is decreased .
MANUFACTURING AND ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY: A MULTISECTORIAL EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

This paper aims to analyze empirically how manufacturing, disaggregated into subsectors by research and development (R&D) intensity, influences the level of economic complexity (eci). For this, two methods were used: 1) the parametric by Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (pdols) and 2) the non-parametric: a) Data Envelopment Analysis (dea) and b) Malmquist Decomposition. The econometric results suggest that the allocation of workers in the manufacture of high R&D level has a positive impact on the eci level of all the countries in the sample analyzed, whereas in the sectors of lower R&D there is a greater impact in emerging countries, but lower effects (or negative) on advanced countries. In general, the non-par-ametric results present the relationship between efficiency in manufacturing subsectors and economic complexity as an inverted U shape. Special attention is given to Brazil, which manufacturing catching up was underperformed in explaining total factor productivity in the analyzed period. complexity, Data Envelopment Analysis (dea), panel data.
IDPS Signature Classification Based on Active Learning With Partial Supervision From Network Security Experts

As intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPSs) grow in importance, the cost of managing signatures, which are pattern files of malicious communications, continues to increase. To ensure the optimal operation of an IDPS, network security experts need to classify the signatures generated over time according to their importance (low, medium, and high). Although machine learning approaches can be used to automatically classify signatures instead of human experts, there are several challenges to applying them, including (a) high annotation costs, (b) security incidents caused by classification errors, and (c) classification accuracy decreases due to domain shifts. To overcome these challenges, we propose a system based on active learning that collaborates with experts to periodically classify received signatures. The signatures are sorted by uncertainty sampling; some are transferred to experts, and the rest are automatically classified. The experts classify the transferred signatures and add them to the training dataset, and the classification model is retrained. After training, the new signatures that have not yet been labeled are classified. The proposed system executes this workflow each time it receives signatures. For evaluation purposes, a real dataset was collected monthly with the help of the experts. Experiments are conducted on this real dataset to evaluate the proposed system in a simulation case. An analysis is then performed by comparing several variants of the proposed system. The results show that the system with Monte Carlo dropout (MC-Dropout) performs best. We also show that this variation has two effects: it transfers more samples with “medium” importance to the experts and mitigates imbalances in the training dataset.
A Modified Bow-Tie Slot Loaded Cavity Backed Antenna Based on SIW

|A design of a modi(cid:12)ed bow-tie slot loaded wideband antenna using a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity is proposed in this paper. The simple bow-tie slot perturbs the current distribution of the TE 120 mode, which generates two hybrid modes, namely odd TE 120 and even TE 120 modes at 9.6 GHz and 10.8 GHz, respectively, but the achieved bandwidth is only 500 MHz (5.2%). To increase the bandwidth, a short rectangular slot is incorporated at the middle of the bow-tie slot, which moves the hybrid odd TE 120 mode to 10.2 GHz, near even TE 120 , which helps to achieve a wide bandwidth of 1.1 GHz ranging 9.9 GHz{11 GHz (10.5%), and also it exhibits a unidirectional radiation pattern. The proposed antenna is fabricated for experimental validation of the modi(cid:12)ed bow-tie slot antenna. The measured value of bandwidth is 1.1 GHz from 10.1 GHz to 11.2 GHz (10.3%) with a consistent gain of 6.25 dBi, and the variation between co-pol and cross-pol is maximal. Because of the wide bandwidth, high gain, and compactness, the suggested antenna is suitable for satellite, radar, and all practical wireless applications of X-band frequencies.
14 Ceti: a probable Ap-star-descendant entering the Hertzsprung gap

Context. 14 Ceti is a subgiant star of F spectral class that displays variations in the S-index of its Caii H & K lines and an X-ray emission that is stronger than the mean observed for its spectral class, which may be due to some magnetic activity. Aims. We attempt to Zeeman-detect and study the magnetic field of 14 Ceti and to infer its origin. Methods. We used the spectropolarimeter Narval at the Telescope Bernard Lyot, Pic du Midi Observatory, and the least squares deconvolution method to create high signal-to-noise ratio Stokes V profiles. We derived the surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field Bl. We also measured the S-index, and the radial velocity for each observation. Results. 14 Ceti is Zeeman-detected for the 30 observed dates spanning from August 2007 to January 2012. The average longitudinal magnetic field does not reverse its sign, reaches about −35 G, and shows some month-long-timescale variations in our 2008 and 2011−2012 observations. The S-index follows the same long-term trend as Bl. 14 Ceti is confirmed as a single star without H-K emission cores. The strength of the observed surface magnetic field of 14 Ceti is one order of magnitude greater than the observed one for late F main-sequence stars, and is comparable to the values measured in the active late F pre-main-sequence star HR 1817. On the other hand, taking into account the post-main-sequence evolution of an Ap star, an oblique rotator model can explain the strength of the magnetic field of 14 Ceti. The variations with a timescale of months observed for both the Bl and S-index could be due to the rotation. Conclusions. The most probable scenario to explain our observations appears to be that 14 Ceti is the descendant of a cool Ap star.
Fault detection and identification for centrifugal compressor by ensemble model

In this work, a machine's health monitoring system (MHMS) that can detect anomalies for a centrifugal compressor, operating in a real plant, is proposed. A compressor is a crucial machine but over time its performance can decline, and faults can develop. In the compressor under investigation, several sensors have been installed. Subsequently, its behavior is monitored and recorded. During this period, no noticeable fault is detected. In the proposed technique, simulated faults are employed to build up the data that can be used in the investigation, then the performance of the compressor is analyzed and compared with ML and MLP. Herein, the study indicates that the data accumulated is a good candidate for this challenging case. Overall, the proposed technique demonstrates good potential for detection of anomalies regarding the real centrifugal compressor.
Suzaku Observations of the Great Annihilator and the Surrounding Diffuse Emissions

We report the Suzaku observations of 1E 1740.7� 2942, a black hole candidate called the “Great Annihilator” (GA). The high-quality spectrum of Suzaku provides the severest constraints on the parameters of the GA. Two clumpy structures are found around the GA in the line images of Fe I K˛ at 6.4 keV and S XV K˛ at 2.45 keV. One clump, named M 359.23� 0.04, exhibits the 6.4-keV line with an equivalent width of � 1.2 keV, and is associated with a molecular cloud in the radio CS (J = 1–0) map. Thus, the 6.4-keV line from M 359.23� 0.04 is likely due to X-ray fluorescence irradiated by an external X-ray source. The irradiating X-rays would be either a past flare
THE UNIMODAL DISTRIBUTION OF BLUE STRAGGLER STARS IN M75 (NGC 6864)

We have used a combination of multiband high-resolution and wide-field ground-based observations to image the Galactic globular cluster M75 (NGC 6864). The extensive photometric sample covers the entire cluster extension, from the very central regions out to the tidal radius, allowing us to determine the center of gravity and to construct the most extended star density profile ever published for this cluster. We also present the first detailed star counts in the very inner regions. The star density profile is well reproduced by a standard King model with core radius rc ∼ 5. ″4 and intermediate-high concentration c ∼ 1.75. The present paper presents a detailed study of the blue straggler star (BSS) population and its radial distribution. A total of 62 bright BSSs (with mF255W ≲ 21, corresponding to mF555W ≲ 20) have been identified, and they have been found to be highly segregated in the cluster core. No significant upturn in the BSS frequency has been observed in the outskirts of M75, in contrast to several other clusters studied with the same technique. This observational fact is quite similar to what has been found in M79 (NGC 1904) by Lanzoni et al. Indeed, the BSS radial distributions in the two clusters are qualitatively very similar, even if in M75 the relative BSS frequency seems to decrease significantly faster than in M79: it decreases by a factor of five (from 3.4 to 0.7) within 1rc. Such evidence indicates that the vast majority of the cluster heavy stars (binaries) have already sunk to the core.
Wideband Class‐F power amplifier design based on harmonic control analysis and bandwidth expansion structure

This paper proposes a novel Class‐F broadband power amplifier design method. A Class‐F power amplifier for 1.3–2.5 GHz is fabricated by step‐matching, combining a harmonic control structure and a parasitic compensation circuit. A bandwidth expansion structure is established based on microstrip lines and capacitor. The proposed structure resolves the low efficiency caused by the coincidence of the fundamental frequency band and second harmonic frequency band, which allows the power amplifier to function properly from 1.1 to 2.5 GHz. A high‐efficiency broadband power amplifier is tested to find that the saturated output power with the proposed device is between 40.1 and 41.7 dBm, the gain is from 9.3 to 14.4 dB, and the drain efficiency is 60.8%–84.2% at 1.1–2.5 GHz frequency.
An efficient parallel method for relaxing to the minimum action wavefunction

Efficient and accurate numerical propagation of the time dependent Schroedinger equation is a problem with applications across a wide range of physics. This paper develops an efficient, trivially parallelizeable method for relaxing a trial wavefunction toward a variationally optimum propagated wavefunction which minimizes the propagation error relative to a platonic wavefunction which obeys the time dependent Schroedinger equation exactly. This method is shown to be well suited for incorporation with multigrid methods, yielding rapid convergence to a minimum action solution even for Hamiltonians which are not positive definite.
Testing core creation in hydrodynamical simulations using the HI kinematics of field dwarfs

The majority of recent hydrodynamical simulations indicate the creation of central cores in the mass profiles of low-mass halos, a process that is attributed to star formation-related baryonic feedback. Core creation is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to potential issues faced by the lambda cold dark matter (LambdaCDM) cosmology on small scales. For example, the reduced dynamical mass enclosed by cores can explain the low rotational velocities measured for nearby dwarf galaxies, thus possibly lifting the seeming contradiction with the LambdaCDM expectations (the so-called "too big to fail" problem). Here we test core creation as a solution of cosmological issues by using a sample of dwarfs with measurements of their atomic hydrogen (HI) kinematics extending to large radii. Using the NIHAO hydrodynamical simulation as an example, we show that core creation can successfully reproduce the kinematics of dwarfs with small kinematic radii, R <~ 1.5 kpc. However, the agreement with observations becomes poor once galaxies with kinematic measurements extending beyond the core region, R ~ 1.5 - 4 kpc, are considered. This result illustrates the importance of testing the predictions of hydrodynamical simulations that are relevant for cosmology against a broad range of observational samples. We would like to stress that our result is valid only under the following set of assumptions: i) that our sample of dwarfs with HI kinematics is representative of the overall population of field dwarfs, ii) that there are no severe measurement biases in the observational parameters of our HI dwarfs (e.g., related to inclination estimates), and iii) that the HI velocity fields of dwarfs are regular enough to allow the recovery of the true enclosed dynamical mass.
Linking Earthquake Magnitude‐Frequency Statistics and Stress in Visco‐Frictional Fault Zone Models

The ability to estimate the likelihood of given earthquake magnitudes is critical for seismic hazard assessment. Earthquake magnitude‐recurrence statistics are empirically linked to stress, yet which fault‐zone processes explain this link remains debated. We use numerical models to reproduce the interplay between viscous creep and frictional sliding of a fault‐zone, for which inter‐seismic locking becomes linked to stress. The models reproduce the empirical stress‐dependent earthquake magnitude distribution observed in nature. Stress is related to the likelihood a fault section is near frictional failure, influencing likely rupture lengths. An analytical model is derived of a fault consisting of identical patches, each with a probability of inter‐seismic locking. It reproduces a similar magnitude‐recurrence relationship, which may therefore be caused by probabilistic clustering of locked fault patches. Contrasts in earthquake statistics between regions could therefore be explained by stress variation, which has future potential to further constrain statistical models of regional seismicity.
Roles of Words: What Should (n’t) Be Augmented in Text Augmentation on Text Classification Tasks?

Text augmentation techniques are widely used 001 in text classification problems to improve the 002 performance of classifiers, especially in low-003 resource scenarios. Previous text-editing-based 004 methods augment the text in a non-selective 005 manner: the words in the text are treated with-006 out difference during augmentation, which may 007 result in unsatisfactory augmented samples. In 008 this work, we present four kinds of roles of 009 words (ROWs) which have different functions 010 in text classification tasks, and design effective 011 methods to automatically extract these ROWs 012 based on statistical and semantic perspectives. 013 Systematic experiments are conducted on what 014 ROWs should (n’t) be augmented during aug-015 mentation for classification tasks. Based on 016 these experiments, we discover some interest-017 ing and instructive potential patterns that cer-018 tain ROWs are especially suitable or unsuitable 019 for certain augmentation operations. Guided 020 by these patterns, we propose a set of Selective 021 Text Augmentation (STA) operations, which sig-022 nificantly outperform traditional methods and 023 show outstanding generalization performance. 024
QUASARS PROBING QUASARS. VII. THE PINNACLE OF THE COOL CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM SURROUNDS MASSIVE z ∼ 2 GALAXIES

We survey the incidence and absorption strength of the metal-line transitions C ii 1334 and C iv 1548 from the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding z ∼ 2 quasars, which act as signposts for massive dark matter halos Mhalo ≈ 1012.5 M☉. On scales of the virial radius (rvir ≈ 160 kpc), we measure a high covering fraction fC = 0.73 ± 0.10 to strong C ii 1334 absorption (rest equivalent width W1334 ⩾ 0.2 Å), implying a massive reservoir of cool (T ∼ 104 K) metal enriched gas. We conservatively estimate a metal mass exceeding 108 M☉. We propose that these metals trace enrichment of the incipient intragroup/intracluster medium that these halos eventually inhabit. This cool CGM around quasars is the pinnacle among galaxies observed at all epochs, as regards covering the fraction and average equivalent width of H i Lyα and low-ion metal absorption. We argue that the properties of this cool CGM primarily reflect the halo mass, and that other factors such as feedback, star-formation rate, and accretion from the intergalactic medium are secondary. We further estimate that the CGM of massive, z ∼ 2 galaxies accounts for the majority of strong Mg ii absorption along random quasar sightlines. Last, we detect an excess of strong C iv 1548 absorption (W1548 ⩾ 0.3 Å) over random incidence to the 1 Mpc physical impact parameter and measure the quasar–C iv cross-correlation function: with and . Consistent with previous work on larger scales, we infer that this highly ionized C iv gas traces massive (1012 M☉) halos.
DEPENDENCE OF s-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN MASSIVE STARS ON TRIPLE-ALPHA AND 12C(α, γ)16O REACTION RATE UNCERTAINTIES

We have studied the sensitivity of s-process nucleosynthesis in massive stars to ±2σ variations in the rates of the triple-α and 12C(α, γ)16O reactions. We simulated the evolution of massive stars from H burning through Fe-core collapse, followed by a supernova explosion. We found that the production factors of s-process nuclides between 58Fe and 96Zr change strongly with changes in the He burning reaction rates; using the Lodders solar abundances rather than those of Anders and Grevesse reduces s-process nucleosynthesis; later burning phases beyond core He burning and shell C burning have a significant effect on post-explosive production factors. We also discuss the implications of the uncertainties in the helium burning rates for evidence of a new primary neutron capture process (LEPP) in massive stars.