Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology-based vs Unsupervised Word Clustering for Training Language Models for Serbian

When training language models (especially for highly inflective languages), some applications require word clustering in order to mitigate the problem of insufficient training data or storage space. The goal of word clustering is to group words that can be well represented by a single class in the sense of probabilities of appearances in different contexts. This paper presents comparative results obtained by using different approaches to word clustering when training class N-gram models for Serbian, as well as models based on recurrent neural networks. One approach is unsupervised word clustering based on optimized Brown’s algorithm, which relies on bigram statistics. The other approach is based on morphology, and it requires expert knowledge and language resources. Four different types of textual corpora were used in experiments, describing different functional styles. The language models were evaluated by both perplexity and word error rate. The results show notable advantage of introducing expert knowledge into word clustering process.
A Study of Translation of Relative Clauses from English into Thai.

This research investigated translation strategies used in translating English relative clauses with the relativizers ̳who,‘ ̳which,‘ and ̳that‘ into Thai. The data comprised 348 sentence pairs from two English novels and their Thai translations. It was hypothesized that the adopted translation strategies could be divided into two groups: literal translation with a relativizer and translation adjustment. To analyze the data, a framework for the analysis was constructed based on Chesterman‘s (1997) translation strategies, supported by Nida‘s (1964) and Saibua‘s (2007) translation adjustment techniques. The findings confirmed that the two main strategies used in translating the English relative clauses into Thai are literal translation and translation adjustment. Regarding literal translation, four Thai relativizers were found: /th /, /s ŋ/, /ph /, and /ph s ŋ/. While literal translation suggested parallel syntactic structures between the English and Thai relative clauses, translation adjustment underscored distinctions between the two languages. The findings indicated three types of translation adjustment, i.e. Adjustments 1, 2, and 3, according to the degree of adjustment. The findings confirm the hypothesis and 96 | PASAA Vol. 58 July December 2019 have implications for the study of the relative clause structure and its translation strategies.
Schemata's Influence On Mathematical Problem Solving Skills

Schemata is one of the factors that influence a person's ability to solve problems creatively. Schemata in one's memory will determine how new information is processed into a new concept. This study aims to describe schemata's influence on solving mathematical problems. This research is categorized as qualitative research. Data of thinking schemata and solving mathematical processes are collected by the method of think out a loud and task analysis, namely by giving test questions and conducting interviews according to student responses and viewed from mathematical problem solving skills. The data are analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s analysis techniques, through the three stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that students’ schemata varied according to their mathematical problem solving skills. Students with complete and systematic schemata (formal, content, and linguistic) structures had high mathematical problem solving skills. The process of problem solving was arranged in coherent and systematic ways with diverse answers. This happened because the adaptation process (assimilation and accommodation) and the formation of a concept scheme run well, neatly and completely. New schemata were well formed and produced balanced new knowledge. This Schemata will facilitate students to connect among concepts so that problems could be solved properly. Keyword: schemata, mathematical problems, mathematical problem solving skills ————————————————————
Spotlight Which Latitudinal [ 91 _ TD $ DIFF ] Gradients for Genetic Diversity ?

Geographic patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity are informative about past range dynamics [1] and large-scale analyses of public DNA databanks can boost our understanding of the global distribution of biodiversity [2]. Miraldo et al. [3] recently presented an analysis of geographic patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity in terrestrial mammals and amphibians. Similar to [2], they retrieved and geocoded mtDNA sequences from GenBank and showed maps of knowledge and ignorance. However, they took an important step further, presenting a global survey of intraspecific mtDNA variation.
A METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF DETECTORS TO TRACK THE DISPERSION OF CBRN AGENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

One of the most alarming terrorism scenarios is the use of mass destruction weapons, as Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear weapons (CBRN) against civil population. The ability to detect Chemical Agents (CA) or Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs) is therefore vital to protect those in the front line and the public at large. Fortunately, some detection technologies have been shown adequate and a variety of CBRN detectors can be found. The purpose of this work is to provide a mechanism of decision support, proposing proceedings of selecting the optimal number and best position of detection sites in a risk area, where accidental or intentional releases may occur with a greater frequency. A case study was developed to a hypothetical laboratorial plant, using a simple genetic algorithm (GA) as optimization tool. The results demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed methodology.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM COTTON THISTLE ( ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM L . )

Cotton thistle is a popular herb widely used in the folk medicine. Except the other ingredients, cotton thistle contains substances with antioxidant properties: tocopherols, flavonoids, phenolic acids. The aim of this work is to study the polyphenolic content of extracts from cotton thistle in order to determine and quantify their antioxidant capacity. In order to determine the most powerful solvent composition that extracts maximum solid matter from the plant, extractions are carried out with mixtures containing ethanol and water in different ratio. The study shows that in terms of total yield of extract best results are obtained with 20% ethanol and hydromodule (solid:liquid) 1:10. Extracts produced at the conditions of maximum yield contain also the highest amount of polyphenols. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts is proportional to their polyphenolic content.
Cross-Lingual Consistency of Phonological Features: An Empirical Study

The concept of a phoneme arose historically as a theoretical abstraction that applies language-internally. Using phonemes and phonological features in cross-linguistic settings raises an important question of conceptual validity: Are contrasts that are meaningful within a language also empirically robust across languages? This paper develops a method for assessing the crosslinguistic consistency of phonological features in phoneme inventories. The method involves training separate binary neural classifiers for several phonological contrast in audio spans centered on particular segments within continuous speech. To assess cross-linguistic consistency, these classifiers are evaluated on held-out languages and classification quality is reported. We apply this method to several common phonological contrasts, including vowel height, vowel frontness, and retroflex consonants, in the context of multi-speaker corpora for ten languages from three language families (Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and MalayoPolynesian). We empirically evaluate and discuss the consistency of phonological contrasts derived from features found in phonological ontologies such as PANPHON and PHOIBLE.
eview odelling non-invasive brain stimulation in cognitive neuroscience

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a method for the study of cognitive function that is quickly gaining popularity. It bypasses the correlative approaches of other imaging techniques, making it possible to establish a causal relationship between cognitive processes and the functioning of specific brain areas. Like lesion studies, NIBS can provide information about where a particular process occurs. However, NIBS offers the opportunity to study brain mechanisms beyond process localisation, providing information about when activity in a given brain region is involved in a cognitive process, and even how it is involved. When using NIBS to explore cognitive processes, it is important to understand not only how NIBS functions but also the functioning of the neural structures themselves. We know that NIBS techniques have the potential to transiently influence behaviour by altering neuronal activity, which may have facilitatory or inhibitory behavioural effects, and these alterations can be used to understand how the brain works.
Communication Infrastructure: GSM Communication

In this Paper we describe the GSM Standard of Mobile Phones. The Global System for Mobile communications is the most popular standard for mobile devices in the world. Since 1994 as the first GSM Operator here in Austria offered its Services to Public, the use of mobile Phones raised until there where as much mobile Devices as Citizens or even more. The GSM Network Structure is build out of Cells which communicate with all the Devices in the supported Area and is able to hand over the Mobile Phone to other Cells, e.g. while driving, without interruption. Since the channels in GSM are digital, data communication was easy to build into the system. Security was quite important when the GSM Standard was designed so the System authenticates the user and the communication between the user and the base station is encrypted. The A5/1 and A5/2 algorithms are used to ensure in the Air Security. In 2001, the era of phone tracking has begun. The US FCC has required a positioning system in GSM networks. In this Paper we describe the fundamentals of GSM positioning systems and their architectures. We give a short overview of most important, relevant technical factors that can be used for tracking. The applications of positioning are also shown, so we give an impression how such systems work and what problems they have. It is also shown how you can position a GSM telephones either by a simple program or by your network provider with its number.
HUMAN SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 ( STAT 3 ) PROTEIN MODELING AND DRUG DESIGNING FOR PSORIASIS

Human Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) protein has been recently identified as a potential target for the treatment of psoriasis. However, three dimensional (3D) structure of this important protein for humans is not yet available. In order to design drug candidates for psoriasis 3D structure for human STAT3 protein was required. Therefore, an attempt has been made to predict the 3D structure of human STAT3 protein. Backbone conformation of the modeled structure was validated by PROCHECK and was found to be satisfactory. Overall quality factor given by ERRAT was found to be 92.55% and VERIFY3D profile confirmed good quality of modeled structure. The protein structure validation was followed by molecular dynamics simulations. Fludarabine has already been identified as an established drug which acts on human STAT1 protein and shares very high degree of homology with human STAT3. Hence, similarity with Fludarabine was selected as screening parameter. A huge library of ligands was generated from ZINC database using similarity value of 90%. The generated library was further screened on the basis of Lipinski rule of five to get 114 ligands. These ligands were subjected to docking studies. Our analysis provides insight into the structural properties of human STAT3 and defines its active sites. Moreover, ligand [5-(6aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2 (phosphonooxymethyl) oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate showed very good binding ability in comparison to Fludarabine. Toxicological studies found to be satisfactory. This study suggests that [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2 (phosphonooxymethyl) oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate bears promises to be used as potential analogue in treatment of psoriasis.
APPLICATION OF ICT IN TELEVISION BROADCASTING : A STUDY OF NTA

Information and communication technology, ICT, has revolutionized the media industry. It has transformed information gathering and dissemination in television broadcasting. This study examines the application of ICT by broadcast professionals of Nigerian Television Authority, NTA Channel 10, Port Harcourt. The objectives of the study were to examine the extent NTA makes use of ICT in its broadcasting; to find out if NTA uses website(s) for broadcasting and to identify the benefits of ICT to broadcast professionals of NTA. Survey design was adopted for the study using personal interview and the data collected was qualitative. The study revealed that ICTs have been widely applied in television broadcasting by broadcast professionals at Nigeria Television Authority, NTA, Channel 10, Port Harcourt. Study results also showed that NTA Port Harcourt does not have a website whereas the benefits of using ICTs by broadcast professionals of NTA Port Harcourt include ease of communication and easier access to information using the internet and shared network, amongst a host of other benefits. The recommendations for this study include making funds available to upgrade ICT facilities and NTA Port Harcourt should have its own website in order to control its online identity, image and domain email accounts for staff.
The Hoek e Brown failure criterion and GSI e 2018 edition

The HoekeBrown criterion was introduced in 1980 to provide input for the design of underground excavations in rock. The criterion now incorporates both intact rock and discontinuities, such as joints, characterized by the geological strength index (GSI), into a system designed to estimate the mechanical behaviour of typical rock masses encountered in tunnels, slopes and foundations. The strength and deformation properties of intact rock, derived from laboratory tests, are reduced based on the properties of discontinuities in the rock mass. The nonlinear HoekeBrown criterion for rock masses is widely accepted and has been applied in many projects around the world. While, in general, it has been found to provide satisfactory estimates, there are several questions on the limits of its applicability and on the inaccuracies related to the quality of the input data. This paper introduces relatively few fundamental changes, but it does discuss many of the issues of utilization and presents case histories to demonstrate practical applications of the criterion and the GSI system. 2018 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Large eddy simulation of a partially-confined triangular jet with self-excited low-frequency oscillation

This paper reports large eddy simulation (LES) of a self-excited oscillating jet issuing initially from a small triangular orifice into a circular chamber. The case simulated is that measured experimentally by England et al. (Expts. Fluids 48, 2010, pp. 6980). Present calculations agree well with previous measurements. It is found that a jet from the triangular orifice discharges into the chamber, re-attaches the inner wall and oscillates roughly gyroscopically about the chamber axis. In the mean sense, the jet exhibits axis-switching in its cross-section and rotates by 180° over a downstream distance of x = 0.5D (chamber diameter). Importantly, three strong longitudinal vortices occur in conjunction with the exit triangle sides, interacting with the central jet and also surroundings, at x/D ≤ 1. These three vortices appear to merge as a larger one around the location where the unmixed core region is ended. Evidently as well, some ambient fluid outside is induced into the chamber and dashes upstream together with the reversed jet fluid, forming a secondary surrounding flow swirling in the opposite sense to the oscillation.
Frequency Up-Conversion for Arbitrary Waveform Generators

Many of today’s approaches to build a quantum computer require the reliable generation of arbitrary microwave signals in the 4.5 to 9 GHz regime for qubit manipulation and readout. While signal timing, resolution and low noise are of utmost importance, the signal modulation bandwidth required is usually limited to a couple of hundreds ofMHz. Even though there are arbitrary waveform generators available for the GHz regime, they come with substantial downsides regarding cost, vertical signal resolution and usability, e.g. time to program,when compared to the up-conversion approach described here. This technical note gives a detailed description and list of components required for up-converting the In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) signals provided by a Zurich Instruments HDAWG, a multi-channel Arbitrary Waveform Generator with up to 750 MHz bandwidth and eight analog output channels, to 8 GHz. The design and assembly of an upconversion board and key parameters which specify the quality of conversion are discussed in detail. This is useful not only for circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED), for which it had been designed and thoroughly tested, but also for applications like magnetic resonance and others [1, 2].
ICPESK 2018 International Congress of Physical Education , Sports and Kinetotherapy . Education and Sports Science in the 21 st Century , Edition dedicated to the 95 th anniversary of UNEFS MOTIVATION TO SELF-IMPROVEMENT AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

The formation of teacher’s motivation to self-improvement during their professional activity is investigated. The aim of the research is to analyse motivation to self-improvement of physical education teachers in the process of professional activity. Physical education teachers for experimental (EG, n=124) and control (CG, n=124) groups were picked randomly from a pedagogical staff of Ukrainian universities. The Motivation Sources Inventory was used to define motivation to self-improvement. Teachers of CG participated in the traditional in-service training course, EG was trained according to the authorial program. We assume that motivation leads and organizes teachers’ activity, provides personal essence and significance of self-improvement, promotes the transformation of externally-formulated aims into inner needs. Basic trends of an effective influence on the intensification of motivation to self-improvement of teachers were: formation of positive guideline for self-improvement in the process of professional activity with the help of specification of requirements to specialists; formation of solid knowledge and skills; actualisation of the need for improvement and professional growth. Intrinsic motivation is important for self-improvement of teachers of physical education in the process of their professional activity. The results of the research show that intrinsic motives dominate among the teachers of CG, which highlights positive attitude to pedagogical activity, and intensify motivation to self-improvement. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
A Framework to Efficiently Predict Variable Rankings by Relative Importance

This paper describes a work-in-progress software framework for identifying the highest priority variables in a software sample, based on a relative importance metric. The framework utilizes a combination of static and dynamic analysis to gather features pertaining to each variable in the relevant functions of a software sample and then makes a prediction as to the priority ranking of each variable in that sample. This ranking is based on the likelihood of the variable to cause a fail state in the software when dealing with a faulty or unexpected data value and the magnitude of the failure. The magnitude of the failure is determined by how far reaching the impact of the data fault is and how long the fault persists in the software sample. An initial experiment is presented where two open-source software samples are used to get some initial data on the effectiveness of the framework. The samples are used in two ways: a training/test method and a cross-validation method. These two methods are used to test the learning algorithms used in the experiment against unseen data and against data that is familiar, respectively. The data indicates a strong potential to this line of research and once the framework is automated, a much larger sample size will be collected and evaluated. The key goal of the research at this stage is to determine if the features extracted from the software sample can be used to accurately predict the trend of the rankings of the variables in the top ten to thirty percent within a reasonable range. To reduce the time needed to bring an opensource software component to an acceptable range of reliability and security, only the most important variables are indicated for followup with error handling and recovery techniques. Any variables that fall below the ranking threshold, usually the top ten to twenty percent, have too low of an importance ranking to cause a lasting, long-reaching failure.
Procedural Riverscapes

This paper addresses the problem of creating animated riverscapes through a novel procedural framework that generates the inscribing geometry of a river network and then synthesizes matching real‐time water movement animation. Our approach takes bare‐earth heightfields as input, derives hydrologically‐inspired river network trajectories, carves riverbeds into the terrain, and then automatically generates a corresponding blend‐flow tree for the water surface. Characteristics, such as the riverbed width, depth and shape, as well as elevation and flow of the fluid surface, are procedurally derived from the terrain and river type. The riverbed is inscribed by combining compactly supported elevation modifiers over the river course. Subsequently, the water surface is defined as a time‐varying continuous function encoded as a blend‐flow tree with leaves that are parameterized procedural flow primitives and internal nodes that are blend operators. While river generation is fully automated, we also incorporate intuitive interactive editing of both river trajectories and individual riverbed and flow primitives. The resulting framework enables the generation of a wide range of river forms, ranging from slow meandering rivers to rapids with churning water, including surface effects, such as foam and leaves carried downstream.