Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin‐ and arginine vasopressin‐containing fibers in the cortex of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques

Oxytocin (OT) and arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) are involved in the regulation of complex social behaviors across a wide range of taxa. Despite this, little is known about the neuroanatomy of the OT and AVP systems in most non‐human primates, and less in humans. The effects of OT and AVP on social behavior, including aggression, mating, and parental behavior, may be mediated primarily by the extensive connections of OT‐ and AVP‐producing neurons located in the hypothalamus with the basal forebrain and amygdala, as well as with the hypothalamus itself. However, OT and AVP also influence social cognition, including effects on social recognition, cooperation, communication, and in‐group altruism, which suggests connectivity with cortical structures. While OT and AVP V1a receptors have been demonstrated in the cortex of rodents and primates, and intranasal administration of OT and AVP has been shown to modulate cortical activity, there is to date little evidence that OT‐and AVP‐containing neurons project into the cortex. Here, we demonstrate the existence of OT‐ and AVP‐containing fibers in cortical regions relevant to social cognition using immunohistochemistry in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. OT‐immunoreactive fibers were found in the straight gyrus of the orbitofrontal cortex as well as the anterior cingulate gyrus in human and chimpanzee brains, while no OT‐immunoreactive fibers were found in macaque cortex. AVP‐immunoreactive fibers were observed in the anterior cingulate gyrus in all species, as well as in the insular cortex in humans, and in a more restricted distribution in chimpanzees. This is the first report of OT and AVP fibers in the cortex in human and non‐human primates. Our findings provide a potential mechanism by which OT and AVP might exert effects on brain regions far from their production site in the hypothalamus, as well as potential species differences in the behavioral functions of these target regions.
Individualised Multimodal Treatment Strategies for Anaplastic and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

The prognosis of anaplastic (ATC) and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is poor, due to their radioiodine refractoriness (RAI-R), high metastatic potential and current lack of effective treatment strategies. We aimed to examine the efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib and selumetinib and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) panobinostat in patient-derived tumor tissue (PDTT) of ATCs/PDTCs, the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and radioiodine up-take (RAI-U). High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2) and associated miRNAs expression was correlated with the clinical course of the patients. Inhibitory effects of panobinostat, sorafenib and selumetinib were measured by real time cell analyser xCELLigence in five PDTTs and human foreskin fibroblasts (HF) used as control. Expression of NIS, HMGA2 and associated miRNAs hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p and hsa-miR-146b-3p was performed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RAI-U was performed by Gamma Counter with I-131. Panobinostat showed the strongest cytotoxic effect (10 nM) in all PDTTs and HF and caused a significant over-expression of NIS transcript. TKIs were able to up-regulate NIS transcript in patient 5 and in HF. RAI-U was up-regulated after 24 h of treatment with TKIs and panobinostat in all PDTT and HF, except in patient 5. Selumetinib caused a significant suppression of HMGA2 in PDTT 1, 2, 4, 5 and HF; whereas sorafenib caused no change of HMGA2 expression. Panobinostat suppressed significantly HMGA2 in PDTT 2, 4 and HF. The expression of miRNAs hsa-let-7f-5p, has-let-7b-5p hsa-miR-146b-5p and hsa-miR-146b-3p was modulated heterogeneously. NIS protein level was over-expressed in three PDTTs (patients 1, 3 and 4) after 24 h of treatment with selumetinib, sorafenib and in particular with panobinostat. HF showed a stable NIS protein level after treatment. Panobinostat showed the strongest cytotoxicity in all treated PDTTs at the lowest dosage in comparison with TKI. All three compounds were able to modulate differently NIS, HMGA2 and related miRNAs. These factors represent valuable markers in PDTT for new treatment strategies for patients suffering from ATC/PDTC. Thus, the establishment of PDTT could be a useful tool to test the efficacy of compounds and to develop new and individualised multimodal treatment options for PDTCs and ATCs.
Haralick feature selection for material rigidity recognition using ultrasound echo

Object classification based on its rigidity requires principally the recognition of its material consistency. Generally, material consistency can be divided into two families, hard material and soft one. In this context, a new approach based on ultrasonic signal for consistency recognition of object materials is proposed. This approach allows distinguishing between the hard and the soft objects. Material consistency determination is based on Haralick's texture features. Then, a feature selection step is considered to select the most discriminative features. Only three Haralick features were used to assess the efficiency classifications models. As there is no affording dataset of ultrasonic signals acquired for material rigidity recognition, we develop our dataset using two ultrasonic sensors. In this context, no previous work has considered such a challenge. The analysis results show that three parameters (entropy, sum of entropy and variance) were found to be effective to discriminate between the two classes of material rigidity. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Amnestic Forgery: an Ontology of Conceptual Metaphors

This paper presents Amnestic Forgery, an ontology for metaphor semantics, based on MetaNet, which is inspired by the theory of Conceptual Metaphor. Amnestic Forgery reuses and extends the Framester schema, as an ideal ontology design framework to deal with both semiotic and referential aspects of frames, roles, mappings, and eventually blending. The description of the resource is supplied by a discussion of its applications, with examples taken from metaphor generation, and the referential problems of metaphoric mappings. Both schema and data are available from the Framester SPARQL endpoint.
Neuroanatomical and behavioural factors associated with the effectiveness of two weekly sessions of prism adaptation in the treatment of unilateral neglect

ABSTRACT Among the different interventions to alleviate the symptoms of unilateral neglect, prism adaptation (PA) appears especially promising. To elucidate the contribution of some neuroanatomical and behavioural factors to PA’s effectiveness, we conducted a study combining neuropsychological and lesion mapping methods on a group of 19 neglect patients who underwent two sessions of PA during one week and assessed their improvement relative to the baseline until the following week (7–8 days later). Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between the magnitude of the proprioceptive after-effect and the improvement at the follow-up session in two perceptual tasks requiring motor responses. Conversely, no correlation was found between the proprioceptive after-effect and the improvement in a perceptual task with no motor involvement. This finding suggests that patients’ potential to show a prism-related improvement in motor-related tasks might be indicated by the strength of their proprioceptive response (proprioceptive after-effect). As for the neuroanatomical basis of this relationship, subtraction analyses suggested that patients’ improvement in perceptual tasks with high motor involvement might be facilitated by the integrity of temporo-parietal areas and the damage of frontal and subcortical areas.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Small Italian Logistics Enterprises

Information and communication technology (ICT) is widely regarded as a key integration enabler in contemporary supply chain configurations. Furthermore, recent years have seen the vertical disintegration of supply chains as increasing numbers of manufacturers and retailers outsource significant parts of their supply chain functionality. In this environment, third party logistics (3PLs) providers – the majority of which are small companies – play a pivotal role. This raises important questions about the usage of ICT in this sector. However, there is a paucity of research in the field of small 3PLs with little empirical investigation into the usage of ICT by such firms. This article presents the results of a survey on ICT systems usage in a sample of small Italian 3PLs. The results provide a technological profile of the surveyed companies as well as an analysis of the role of ICT in customising services and of the factors influencing technology adoption.
ATPG-based cost-effective, secure logic locking

The globalization of IC supply chain lead to the emergence of hardware security threats such as IP piracy, reverse engineering, overbuilding, and hardware Trojans. Among the techniques developed to mitigate these threats, logic locking offers the most versatile protection and is being actively researched. The most recent locking technique SFLL thwarts with provable and quantifiable security all the state-of-the-art attacks including SAT, AppSAT, and the removal attack. However, the implementation cost of SFLL can sometimes be prohibitive, as it lacks an automated framework that explores cost-effective implementation options. In this paper, we show how VLSI testing principles and tools can be adopted to automate critical steps in SFLL and minimize its cost. We propose “SFLL-fault” that utilizes fault injection driven synthesis to efficiently explore design options and ATPG to assess security levels. Our experimental results confirm the efficacy of our strategy; SFLL-fault can reduce the implementation cost by 35% compared to SFLL without compromising security.
A survey on facial recognition based on local directional and local binary patterns

The goal of this research project was to come up with a combined face recognition algorithm which out-performs existing algorithms on accuracy. The identification of individuals using face recognition techniques is a challenging task. This is due to the variations resulting from facial expressions, makeup, rotations, illuminations and gestures. Facial images also contain a great deal of redundant information, which negatively affects the performance of the recognition system. This paper proposes a novel approach for recognizing facial images from facial features using feature descriptors, namely local binary patterns(LBP) and local directional patterns(LDP). This research work consisted of three parts, namely face representation, feature extraction and classification. The useful and unique features of the facial images were extracted in the feature extraction phase. In classification, the face image was compared with the images from the database. The face area was divided into small regions from which local binary and directional patterns (LBP/LDP) histograms were extracted and concatenated into a single feature vector(histogram). Experiments performed on the Cohn-Kanade facial expression database obtained a good recognition rate 99% indicating superiority of the proposed method compared to other methods. The proposed included a combination of local binary pattern(LBP) and local directional patterns(LDP+LBP+Voting Classifier) as the feature extractor and voting classifier classification algorithm which is an aggregate classifier composed of k-Nearest Neighbor, decision trees and support vector machines. The results showed improved accuracy results as compared to other local binary pattern variants in both scenarios where small datasets or huge datasets were used.
Heritable Epigenomic Changes to the Maize Methylome Resulting from Tissue Culture

DNA methylation can contribute to the maintenance of genome integrity and regulation of gene expression. In most situations, DNA methylation patterns are inherited quite stably. However, changes in DNA methylation can occur at some loci as a result of tissue culture resulting in somaclonal variation. To investigate heritable epigenetic changes as a consequence of tissue culture, a sequence-capture bisulfite sequencing approach was implemented to monitor context-specific DNA methylation patterns in ∼15 Mb of the maize genome for a population of plants that had been regenerated from tissue culture. Plants that have been regenerated from tissue culture exhibit gains and losses of DNA methylation at a subset of genomic regions. There was evidence for a high rate of homozygous changes to DNA methylation levels that occur consistently in multiple independent tissue culture lines, suggesting that some loci are either targeted or hotspots for epigenetic variation. The consistent changes inherited following tissue culture include both gains and losses of DNA methylation and can affect CG, CHG, or both contexts within a region. Only a subset of the tissue culture changes observed in callus plants are observed in the primary regenerants, but the majority of DNA methylation changes present in primary regenerants are passed onto offspring. This study provides insights into the susceptibility of some loci and potential mechanisms that could contribute to altered DNA methylation and epigenetic state that occur during tissue culture in plant species.
A Bayesian approach for parameter estimation in railway systems

In this paper, we address the problem of parameter estimation in railway systems. For this purpose, a physical model of the train based on the fundamental principle of dynamics is proposed. Then, the parameter estimation is handled via an approach using a combination of Expectation-Maximization algorithm and Sequential Monte Carlo methods. The experiments performed both on synthetic and real data show the efficiency of the considered method.
Counterstrike: Defending Deep Learning Architectures Against Adversarial Samples by Langevin Dynamics with Supervised Denoising Autoencoder

Adversarial attacks on deep learning models have been demonstrated to be imperceptible to a human, while decreasing the model performance considerably. Attempts to provide invariance against such attacks have denoised adversarial samples to only send cleaned samples to the classifier. In a similar spirit this paper proposes a novel effective strategy that allows to relax adversarial samples onto the underlying manifold of the (unknown) target class distribution. Specifically, given an off-manifold adversarial example, our Metroplis-adjusted Langevin algorithm (Mala) guided through a supervised denoising autoencoder network (sDAE) allows to drive the adversarial samples towards high density regions of the data generating distribution. So, in a nutshell the adversarial example is transformed back from off-manifold onto the data manifold for which the learning model was originally trained and where it can perform well and robustly. Experiments on various benchmark datasets show that our novel Malade method exhibits a high robustness against blackbox and whitebox attacks and outperforms state-of-the-art defense algorithms.
Daemon-Guard: Towards Preventing Privilege Abuse Attacks in Android Native Daemons

With essential privileges, native daemons provide core system services for apps in the Android system. However, we find that exploiting Android native daemons can still lead to another security issue: the privilege abuse within the confined privilege. So, in this paper, we firstly demonstrate the privilege abuse problem in native daemons through two types of attacks: the data leakage attack and the Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. To mitigate the privilege abuse issue, we then propose the Daemon-Guard framework, in which we build a dispatcher to fork a new daemon process for handling each service request from apps. The dispatcher can check the ownership of data and determine whether a data access operation is authorized, and check the speed of the service requests from an app by a reference monitor. To restrict a daemon process accessing data in the file system, we deploy Seccomp, a capability system supported by the Linux kernel. At last, we implement the Daemon-Guard framework on the keystore daemon through the static instrumentation. The evaluation of the keystore case shows that Daemon-Guard can successfully prevent these two privilege abuse attacks with an acceptable performance overhead.
Retention Time Based Data Management Policy for Improving the Lifespan of SSDs

As the density of the flash memory continues to increase, the endurance issue of the flash memory based SSD is becoming more important. Reducing the retention time is one of the solutions to improve the lifespan of SSD. This is because the data stored on the SSD with short retention time requires less energy power when the data is erased by garbage collection; the less energy power can prolong the lifespan of SSD. For this reason, some researchers focus on the retention time to enhance the lifespan of SSD. However, previous work considers only the temporal locality, and therefore it reveals limited enhancement on the lifespan of SSD. In this paper, we propose a novel data classification scheme that considers the retention time of each flash block for efficient retention management and ultimately extends the lifespan of SSD. Our experiments show that the proposed scheme improves the lifespan of SSD by up to 7.2 times over the conventional SSD, with negligible performance degradation.
First space‐based observations of formic acid (HCOOH): Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment austral spring 2004 and 2005 Southern Hemisphere tropical‐mid‐latitude upper tropospheric measurements

The first space‐based measurements of upper tropospheric (110–300 hPa) formic acid (HCOOH) are reported from 0.02 cm−1 resolution Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer solar occultation measurements at 16°S–43°S latitude during late September to early October in 2004 and 2005. A maximum upper tropospheric HCOOH mixing ratio of 3.13 ± 0.02 ppbv (1 ppbv = 10−9 per unit volume), 1 sigma, at 10.5 km altitude was measured during 2004 at 29.97°S latitude and a lower maximum HCOOH mixing ratio of 2.03 ± 0.28 ppbv, at 9.5 km altitude was measured during 2005. Fire counts, back trajectories, and correlations of HCOOH mixing ratios with ACE simultaneous measurements of other fire products confirm the elevated HCOOH mixing ratios originated primarily from tropical fire emissions. A HCOOH emission factor relative to CO of 1.99 ± 1.34 g kg−1 during 2004 in upper tropospheric plumes is inferred from a comparison with lower mixing ratios measured during the same time period assuming HITRAN 2004 spectroscopic parameters.
Graphene coatings: An efficient protection from oxidation

(Received 6 November 2011; revised manuscript received 12 February 2012; published 23 April 2012)We demonstrate that graphene coating can provide efﬁcient protection from oxidation by posing a high-energybarrier to the path of oxygen atom, which could have penetrated from the top of the graphene to the reactivesurface underneath. A graphene bilayer, which blocks the diffusion of oxygen with a relatively higher energybarrier, provides even better protection from oxidation. While an oxygen molecule is weakly bound to a baregraphene surface and hence becomes rather inactive, it can easily dissociate into two oxygen atoms adsorbed tolow-coordinated carbon atoms at the edges of a vacancy. For these oxygen atoms the oxidation barrier is reducedand hence the protection from oxidation provided by graphene coatings is weakened. Our predictions obtainedfrom the state-of-the-art ﬁrst-principles calculations of the electronic structure, phonon density of states, andreaction path will unravel how graphene can be used as a corrosion-resistant coating and guide further studiesaimed at developing more efﬁcient nanocoatings.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85. 155445 PACS number(s): 81
Adolescent Yoga: Goals and Settings in Therapeutic Practice

Mindfulness practices, such as yoga, involve being fully present in the moment and practicing a non-judgmental acceptance of experiences. Among the last 10 years there has been an increased popularity of mind-body practices, but there is limited information examining how yoga is practiced by adolescents in therapeutic settings. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to answer how certified professionals use mind-body techniques, such as yoga and mindfulness, with adolescents and the intended goals. Synthesis of qualified articles revealed six common themes involving improved academic performance, stress, mood, emotional regulation, emotional intelligence and resilience. It is recommended to seek clarification and more significant findings regarding the correlation between participants’ yoga practice and their GPA in future research. Professional practice will benefit by beginning to provide yoga on a regular basis and then assessing it.
Title CDK 5 RAP 3 is a novel repressor of p 14 ARF in hepatocellularcarcinoma cells

CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) is a novel activator of PAK4 and processes important prometastatic function in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear if there are other mechanisms by which CDK5RAP3 promotes HCC metastasis. Here, we showed that in CDK5RAP3 stable knockdown SMMC-7721 HCC cells, p14 tumor suppressor was upregulated at protein and mRNA levels, and ectopic expression of CDK5RAP3 was found to repress the transcription of p14. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that CDK5RAP3 bound to p14 promoter in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of p14 in CDK5RAP3 stable knockdown HCC cells reversed the suppression of HCC cell invasiveness mediated by knockdown of CDK5RAP3. Taken together, our findings provide the new evidence that overexpression of CDK5RAP3 promotes HCC metastasis via downregulation of p14. Citation: Mak GW-Y, Lai W-L, Zhou Y, Li M, Ng IO-L, et al. (2012) CDK5RAP3 Is a Novel Repressor of p14 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS ONE 7(7): e42210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0042210 Editor: Xin-yuan Guan, The University of Hong Kong, China Received January 18, 2012; Accepted July 5, 2012; Published July 31, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Mak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Our research is financially supported by The Hong Kong Research Grant Council (N_HKU715/08 and 7/CRF/09) (webpage: http://www.ugc.edu.hk/eng/ rgc/about/about.htm). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: YP Ching is an editor of PLoS ONE. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: ypching@hku.hk . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Locality Aware Traffic Distribution in Apache Storm for Energy Analytics Platform

Recently, as energy facilities generate large volume of data quickly, technologies which process such big data in real time become attractive research fields. In this paper, we propose a novel grouping method that efficiently distributes heavy data traffic by considering locality in terms of data transmission between nodes in Apache Storm. Although recent Storm provides a few grouping methods, none of them can properly support locality. In this paper, we first derive problems of existing grouping methods, then define requirements to solve those problems, and finally propose a locality-aware grouping to meet those requirements. We also empirically compare the proposed locality-aware grouping with the existing shuffle grouping and local-or-shuffle grouping to verify the superiority of our method. Experimental results show that our grouping method can be used a large scale data analysis for the efficient distribution of heavy volume of energy data traffic.