Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conversion to organic farming: a dynamic opportunity for Pakistani smallholders of fresh fruit

ABSTRACT: Exporting the organic fresh fruit (FF) to Europe and America could be regarded as great opportunity for smallholders and suppliers of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Yet, the global organic farmland and the number of organic producers are continued to grow. To date, little is known about the behavior of Pakistani farmers towards organic fresh fruit production. This study examined the factors that influence the decision-making of fresh fruit smallholders concerning the conversion to organic farming (COF). This study uses Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict the behavior of Pakistani smallholders of fresh fruit. Path analysis examined the utility of the extended version of the TPB model to anticipate 277 small-scale farmers’ behavioral intentions towards the adoption of organic farming (AOF) and their prospect of converting their farm to organic produce within the next three years. The present study reported that the smallholders’ attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavior control (PBC), and farmer’s group participation (FGP) were positively correlated with farmer’s intention to adopt organic farming, while group participation of farmers has significant correlation with their behavior regarding production of organic fruits. The present study justifies using the model of farmers’ group participation in policies that deliberately cheer up smallholders of fresh fruit to adopt organic farming, to raise farm incomes and to alleviate poverty.
Supplementary InformationReinforcement Learning Under Moral Uncertainty

It may be objected that some ethical theories (e.g. variants of deontology such as the categorical imperative (Kant & Paton, 1964)) appear to be better represented ordinally rather than cardinally. MacAskill (2014) proposes that the Borda count (Pacuit, 2019) is a principled way of obtaining a cardinal utility function from a purely ordinal theory under circumstances of moral uncertainty. Thus, for simplicity and because it is often possible to convert ordinal theories to a cardinal representation, our work focuses on cardinal utility functions only. However, handling these seemingly ordinal theories more directly is an interesting avenue for future work, for which work on ordinal RL (Wirth et al., 2017; Zap et al., 2019) could serve as a starting point. It has also been argued that many seemingly ordinal theories are in fact better represented lexicographically (MacAskill, 2014) (a combination of ordinal and cardinal representation), suggesting lexicographic RL (Gábor et al., 1998) as an alternative starting point.
Iron deficiency correction in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: a case series study

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY -NC -SA 4.0). License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Corresponding author: Prof. Arrigo F.G. Cicero MD, PhD IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Unit DIMEC University of Bologna Bologna, Italy E-mail: arrigo.cicero@unibo.it IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Unit, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Use of Integra® as a Temporizing Measure Before Definitive Flap Surgery in Mangled Extremities Requiring Revascularization

Complex palm defects with devascularized digits often require vein grafts. This may need to be followed by a free or pedicled flap to resurface the tissue lost and also cover the vein grafts and the anastomosis. However, if the anastomosis fails, or there is marginal wound necrosis, the existing flap would be redundant and a different flap would be needed for coverage. In such situations, a novel approach would be to temporarily cover the anastomotic site with Integra® (Integra LifeScience Corporation, Plainsboro, NJ), until the digit and skin margin vascularity stabilize. This technique can be used to buy time and potentially lessen the need for pedicled or free flap coverage in the first instance. This should be taken into consideration as a viable alternative during revascularization in such cases. In this case report, we present two cases in which we used Integra® as a temporary cover over exposed vein grafts until vascularization was established and a more definitive flap coverage was done. We were able to place the flap directly over the Integra®. This allowed time to determine additional necrosis of the wound margins and the final size of the defect that required coverage. Other advantages of this technique are that Integra® is readily available, there is no donor site morbidity, and the silicone layer which is not directly in contact with the vein graft can be easily peeled off without any traction. A flap or skin graft can be done directly over the collagen layer of the Integra®. Also, having a collagen layer integrated over the vein graft can potentially obviate the need for a flap.
A Potential miRNA-mRNA Network for Dementia and Hernia Crosstalk

Background It has been reported that there may be a potential link between hernia and dementia. However, the exact mechanisms of their association have not been established. This study is aimed at constructing miRNA-mRNA networks to elucidate on the potential link between dementia and hernia. Methods Gene expression profiles for dementia, herniation, and skeletal muscle were downloaded from the GEO database after which differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained. In addition, fascia tissue samples were obtained during surgery. A total of 41 patients were recruited in this study, and expression levels of candidate genes were examined using quantitative RT-PCR. Luciferase reporter gene assays were used to identify potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways. Results Differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were screened. A potential miRNA-mRNA network revealing the crosstalk mechanism between herniation and dementia was identified. Single cell analysis revealed that PI16 was highly enriched in adipose tissues, skeletal muscles, and in the skin. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that PI16 is involved in adipose metabolism, muscle functions, and energy metabolism. In clinical samples, PI16 was found to be upregulated in hernia, while miR-4451 was found to be downregulated. The luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that downregulation of circulating miR-4451 may be responsible for the upregulated PI16 expression in hernia sacs. Conclusions We constructed an miRNA-mRNA network that shows the potential association between dementia and hernia. We also found that miR-4451 regulates the PI16 expression, which may be a key target and biomarker for hernia pathogenesis and dementia crosstalk.
Study of Sustainability and Scalability in the Cp*Rh(III)-Catalyzed Direct C–H Amidation with 1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones

The practical aspects of Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed direct C–H amidation with 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones were investigated on the operational safety, use of green solvent, and scalability. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement showed that 3-phenyl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one is thermally stable while benzoyl azide, a conventionally employed precursor of acyl nitrene, rapidly decomposes to isocyanate. It was confirmed that the replacement of acyl azide with 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one brings not only high reactivity but also improvement in safety. In respect to a green process development, functional group tolerant Cp*Rh(III) catalyst exhibited high reactivity in ethyl acetate, successfully replacing 1,2-dichloroethane solvent used in the original report. Upon the validation on safety and environmental concerns, scalability was also tested. Two different types of arenes bearing pyridyl and oxime directing groups showed excellent conversions on tens of gram scale reactions, and single recrystallization gave desired pr.
Neural Concept Formation in Knowledge Graphs

In this work, we investigate how to learn novel concepts in Knowledge Graphs (KGs) in a principled way, and how to eﬀectively exploit them to produce more accurate neural link prediction models. Speciﬁcally, we show how concept membership relationships learned via unsupervised clustering of entities can be reiﬁed and used to augment a KG. In a thorough set of experiments we conﬁrm that neural link predictors trained on these augmented KGs, or in a joint Expectation-Maximization iterative scheme, can generalize better and produce more accurate predictions for infrequent relationships. For instance, our method yields relative improvements of up to 8.6% MRR on WN18RR for rare predicates, and up to 82% in small-data regimes, where the model has access to just a small subset of the training triples. Furthermore, our proposed models are able to learn meaningful concepts.
An Adaptive Methodology to Overcome Localization Translation Challenges

This study proposes an adaptive methodology to overcome localization translation challenges. The objective of the study is to generate a theoretical framework for identifying localization translation problems and ultimately propose a user-centred and agile-based methodology to minimize translation errors. The main research question that this paper attempts to answer is the question of “What would be the best theoretical framework for identifying current translation problems and addressing the convergence of translation and localization according to the new developments in informatics and communication technologies? ” To answer this question, it was important to dismantle the notions of translation, translation theory, and localization. Based on the revised new definitions adapted to the new socio-technological context of the present digital era, the challenges can be identified and addressed through the formulation of a new methodology. The new methodology involves several steps, including the selection of recognized techniques like the “rich points” model to identify the localization translation challenges, a set of quality criteria to evaluate the projects, and adopting a user-centred approach and agile methodology for the project management of localization translation projects in order to assure the satisfaction of the stakeholders and a rapid adaptation to changes in the requirements. The proposed methodology must be validated in the future by applying it to concrete cases of localization translation projects and assessing its utility and performance. Thus, it would be useful in the future for improving localization translation projects.
Floc-Forming Substances Extracted from Activated Sludge with Ammonium Hydroxide and EDTA Solutions

The authors attempted to extract the floc-forming substances by sequential extraction with NH4OH and EDTA solutions from activated sludge. Some fractions had the capacity for floc formation in acidic ranges and some of the fractions were further fractionated by Sephadex G-50. There is a possibility that low molecular weight substances, except metallic ions related to floc formation and floc-forming substances in activated sludge are not limited to one special substance.
Enhancement of thallium response by flow injection hydride generation AAS using palladium and rhodamine B

A flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometric (FI-HGAAS) method was developed for the determination of thallium at the ng mL -1 levels. Palladium, an effective enhancement reagent, was added to the acidified sample solution. The presence of micro amounts of Rhodamine B increased the hydride generation efficiency further. The acidified sample solution containing palladium and Rhodamine B merged with the aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate solution at room temperature. The generated gaseous phase was separated in a gas-expanded gas-liquid separator and was led directly into a quartz tube atomizer at 1000°C via the Ar carrier gas for detection by AAS. Chemical and flow injection (FI) parameters for the hydride generation of thallium were optimized, including the concentration of the enhancement reagents, acidity of sample solution and carrier solution, NaBH 4 concentration, reaction coil length, sample volume, carrier gas flow rate, and flow rate of the carrier as well as the reagent stream. With the optimized conditions, the precision was 0.9% RSD (200 ng/mL, n=11), with a sampling frequency of 120/h. A detection limit of 3.4 ng/mL Tl (3σ) was obtained with a sample volume of 500 μL. The interferences from coexisting elements were studied. The recoveries of thallium in water samples by spiking the samples with 100 ng/mL of thallium were in the 101-109% range.
Efficiency of a boost with a third dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA-based vaccines in solid organ transplant recipients

A weak humoral response to two-doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was observed in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients (1,2). Preliminary reports suggested the usefulness of a boost with a third dose (3) (4). Herein, we report the humoral response in 396 SOT patients (mean age 59 ± 15 years, 65 % men) who were given 3 doses messenger RNA-based vaccine (BNT162b2 vaccine [Pfizer-BioNTech]) (Table S1). Of these, 101 were included in our previous report (3). The two first doses were given one month apart, and the third dose was administered 59 (IQR25-75 : 47-67) days after the second dose, i.e. once the third dose was recommended by the French National Authority for Health.
Assay platform for clinically relevant metallo-beta-lactamases

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are a growing threat to the use of almost all clinically used β-lactam antibiotics. The identification of broad-spectrum MBL inhibitors is hampered by the lack of a suitable screening platform, consisting of appropriate substrates and a set of clinically relevant MBLs. We report procedures for the preparation of a set of clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases (i.e., NDM-1 (New Delhi MBL), IMP-1 (Imipenemase), SPM-1 (Sao Paulo MBL), and VIM-2 (Verona integron-encoded MBL)) and the identification of suitable fluorogenic substrates (umbelliferone-derived cephalosporins). The fluorogenic substrates were compared to chromogenic substrates (CENTA, nitrocefin, and imipenem), showing improved sensitivity and kinetic parameters. The efficiency of the fluorogenic substrates was exemplified by inhibitor screening, identifying 4-chloroisoquinolinols as potential pan MBL inhibitors.
Early detection of duodenal cancer by upper gastrointestinal‐endoscopy in Lynch syndrome

Small bowel cancer (SBC) is the malignancy with the highest standardized incidence ratio in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients. Of all SBCs, about 50% are duodenal cancers (DCs), therefore being accessible by esophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy (EGD) for surveillance. We asked whether early detection of DC is possible for LS patients undergoing surveillance by EGD and if surveillance should be limited to specific subgroups. Data for LS patients with DC were retrieved from the registry of the German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer. Patients undergoing active surveillance by EGDs (surveillance group) were compared to those who did not (nonsurveillance group) regarding tumor stage at diagnosis. Union for International Cancer Control stages I‐IIA were defined as early stage disease and IIB‐IV as advanced stage disease. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Among 2015 patients with pathogenic variants in any mismatch‐repair‐gene, 47 patients with 49 DCs were identified. In 10% of cases, patients were under 35 years at diagnosis; family and personal tumor history did not correlate with DC diagnosis. Pathogenic germline variants in MSH6, PMS2 or EPCAM were present in 10% of patients. Statistical analysis could be performed on 13 DC patients in the surveillance group and 14 in the nonsurveillance group. Early detection was possible for 71% of patients in the surveillance group and 29% of patients in the nonsurveillance group (P = .021). Early detection of DC by EGD in LS patients is feasible regardless of family history, mutational status and should start no later than 25 years of age.
Estimating General Equilibrium Effects of Major Education Reforms∗

This paper sets out an approach for credibly estimating general equilibrium sorting effects of major education reforms. We develop our strategy in the context of California’s vast class size reduction program, and use multiple differencing to identify the reform’s direct and indirect effects on a common scale (using test scores), along with their persistence. The estimates reveal a large direct class size effect and an even larger indirect effect via changes in school demographics. Further, both effects persist, generating a substantial longer-run policy impact. Our approach is applicable more broadly to large-scale reforms that cover a subset of school grades.
To be presented in AEA 2013 Rating Systems and Procyclicality: an Evaluation in a DSGE Framework

This paper introduces a DSGE model that focuses on the modelling of endogenous default and a regulated, active banking sector. One purpose of the paper is to study the impacts of shocks on an economy with nancial frictions. The main nancial friction comes from the combination of default and bank capital requirement. We focus on studying banks' responses in terms of portfolio decisions, capital bu er, dividend distributions and debt repayment to their creditors. Another purpose of the paper is to study di erent impacts of the point-in-time regime and the through-the-cycle regime on the economy. The results point to the conclusion that the preference of banks for certain regimes depends on the type of shocks.
Secure Protocol for Four D2D Scenarios

In traditional cellular infrastructure, cellular devices communicate with each other directly even when they are close together. This strategy causes massive traffic to the cellular network therefore D2D communication has introduced to overcome this issue, bring more bandwidth and also higher rates to the cellular network. One of the major challenges for D2D Communication is to have one single secure protocol that can adapt in four D2D scenarios defined in references. These scenarios are Direct D2D and relaying D2D communication with and without cellular infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a Secure D2D protocol based on ARIADNE with TESLA. Also we use LTE-A AKA protocol for authentication and key agreement procedure between Source and Destination. Next, we adapt this scenario to be applicable in without cellular infrastructure ones. This protocol could be used in direct D2D also. Based on the results, our proposed protocol has a few computation overhead compare to recent works and have less communication overhead than SODE with preserve many security properties such as Authentication, Authorization, Confidentiality, Integrity, Secure Key Agreement, Secure Routing Transmission…. We check Authentication, Confidentiality, Reachability and Secure Key Agreement of the proposed protocol with ProVerif verification tools.
Improving Tumor Penetration of Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Taking Away the Barriers for Trojan Horses

The high affinity of an antibody can result in restricted tumor penetration and heterogenous tumor distribution, with preferential binding of the antibody to tumor cells localized around tumor vasculature. This so-called “binding site barrier” effect limits the efficacy of antibody-based therapies like antibody–drug conjugates (ADC). In this issue, Bordeau and colleagues introduce an original approach to overcome this barrier through transient competitive inhibition of antibody–antigen binding. By coadministration of an anti-idiotypic anti-trastuzumab domain antibody as a competitive inhibitor, increased tumor penetration of trastuzumab as well as enhanced efficacy of the ADC ado-trastuzumab emtansine were observed in tumor-bearing mice See related article by Bordeau et al., p. 4145
Citizen science archaeological finds on the Semantic Web: the FindSampo framework

Abstract FindSampo fosters collecting, sharing, publishing and studying archaeological finds discovered by the public. The framework includes the following: a mobile find-reporting system; a semantic portal for researchers, the public and collection managers to use; and a Linked Open Data service for creating custom data analyses and for application developers.
Sika deer in Bronze Age Guanzhong: sustainable wildlife exploitation in ancient China?

Abstract The interplay between sustainability and anthropogenic landscape transformation is crucial to understanding the past decline and eradication of wild animals. The Bronze Age site of Zaoshugounao is located in the Guanzhong region of China, an area critical in the formation and development of early Chinese civilisation. Drawing upon zooarchaeological, palaeoenvironmental and textual evidence, analysis of sika deer remains from Zaoshugounao reveals sustainable sika deer-hunting strategies at the site, despite an overall long-term trend in the sika deer population decline and habitat loss. The authors’ results highlight the complexity and diversity of human-sika relations and contribute to ongoing discussions surrounding wild animal eradication and conservation in China.
Kurtosis-based super-resolution algorithm

A kurtosis-based super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we give the definition of the kurtosis image and analyze its two properties: (i) the kurtosis image is Gaussian noise invariant, and (ii) the absolute value of a kurtosis image becomes smaller as the the image gets smoother. Then we build a constrained absolute local kurtosis maximization function to estimate the high-resolution image by fusing multiple blurred low-resolution images corrupted by intensive white Gaussian noise. The Lagrange multiplier is used to solve the combinatorial optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is better than the conventional algorithms in terms of visual inspection and robustness, using both synthetic and real world examples under severe noise background. It has an improvement of 0.5 to 2.0 dB in PSNR over other approaches.
Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level

Abstract The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community.