Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Int. J. Biosci

The present investigation was conducted to determine the effect of cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin/abscisic acid interaction (CK/ABA) on carbohydrate contents, oxidative stress and antioxidant components induced by drought stress in two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of Pishgam and MV-17 as tolerant and sensitive to drought during post-anthesis phase, respectively grown in field conditions during grain filling period. The most considerable effect of the treatments was exhibited 21 days after anthesis. Under drought conditions, the flag leaf carbohydrate content including total soluble carbohydrate and reducing sugars increased in both cultivars while starch content was remarkably decreased in Pishgam as compared to MV-17. Although Pishgam exhibited a significant increase in glucose, sucrose and fructose content but MV-17 showed only a significant increase in fructose content. Relatively, CK/ABA increased total soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, and fructose content more than other hormonal treatments. Also, ABA only reduced starch level of Pishgam, significantly. Nevertheless, level of glucose was significantly affected by none of the hormonal treatments. The tolerant cultivar exhibited less accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) in relation to more significant increase of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities and α-tocopherol content under drought conditions. Among hormonal treatments, ABA and CK/ABA resulted in the highest activities of POX and CAT under both irrigation and drought conditions, respectively. But, higher accumulation of α-tocopherol was showed when CK foliar was applied. ABA and CK/ABA could decrease droughtinduced hydrogen peroxide and MDA level, to some extent under drought conditions. * Corresponding Author: Mohammad-Reza Sarafraz-Ardakani  sarafraz_ardakani@yahoo.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 5, No. 8, p. 11-24, 2014
Advanced Intelligent Spectrum Sensing Techniques For Cognitive Radio Networks

— The growing demand of wireless applications has put a lot of constraints on the usage of available radio spectrum which is limited and precious resource. Cognitive radio is a promising technology which provides a novel way to improve utilization efficiency of available electromagnetic spectrum. Reliable spectrum sensing is one of the most crucial aspects for the successful deployment of cognitive radio (CR) technology. Spectrum sensing in CR is challenged by a number of uncertainties, which degrade the sensing performance and in turn require much more time to achieve the targeted sensing efficiency. Cognitive radio technology promises a solution to the problem by allowing unlicensed users, access to the licensed bands opportunistically. A prime component of the cognitive radio technology is spectrum sensing. Many spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or not of a licensed user.
Study of Bone Marrow Niche Cells in Aplastic

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a disorder which have hypoplasia and severe pancytopenia. The disease has been associated with exposure to ionizing irradiation, also may be with drug, chemicals or infectious agents but frequently associated without any agents or idiopathic situation. Theoretically, some mechanisms may lead to aplastic anemia including; first, absent or defective hematopoietic stem cell; second, a defect intrinsic to the hematopoietic microenvironment or suppression of hematopoiesis by other host systems [1-4]. In the past, the disease attributed with congenital or acquired stem cell defects. Dameshek raised a provocative question: What do AA, paroxysmal nocturnal hemaglobinuria (PNH) and acute leukemia have in common? According to this knowledge, first, PNH can change to AA, second, overlap between AA and PNH may be occur. He thought, PNH was ecologically advantageous and also AA and PNH with each other different response to bone marrow in front of some agents like chemicals, viruses and ionizing radiation that resulting in a defective hematopoietic microenvironmental particularly in animal models primarily and then in some patients with AA and congenital hypoplastic anemia as well [5,8-10]. Discussion
Seasonal Comparison of Active V/S Passive Electrical Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Membranes of the Reptile, Uromastix Hardwickii

The skeletal muscle membranes of these reptiles are found to exhibit membrane potentials, as being permeable to Na+, K+ and Cl– [4-7]. These muscle cell membrane electrical potentials/ characteristics have been divided into active and passive categories; the passive electrical characteristics show some thermal dependency in different species of the animals [8,9]. As the, passive electrical properties are important in determining the excitability of muscle fibers [8].
Comparison between Subspace and onventional clustering for High Dimensional Data Analysis

 Abstract: Clustering High dimensional data is a propitious research area in current scenario. Now it becomes a crucial task to cluster multi-dimensional dataset as data-objects are largely dispersed in multi-dimensional space. Most of the conventional algorithms for clustering work on all dimensions of the feature space for calculating clusters. Whereas only few attributes are relevant. Thus their performance is not very Precise. A modified subspace clustering is proposed in this research paper, which does not use all attributes of high-dimensional feature space simultaneously rather, it determine a subspace of attributes which are important for each individual cluster. This subspace of attributes may be same or different for the different cluster. The comparison between conventional K-Means and modified subspace K-means clustering algorithms were done based on various validation matrices. Results of the modified subspace clustering is compared with the conventional clustering algorithm. It was analyzed based on different matrices such as SSE(sum of squared error), WGAD-BGD (Within group average distance minus between group distances) and DBI(Davies-Bouldin index) or Validity index. Artificial data set were used for all the experiments. Results represent the better efficiency and feasibility of modified subspace clustering algorithm over conventional clustering methods.
Study and Survey on Video Watermarking

: Due to the extensive use of digital media applications, multimedia security and copyright protection has gained tremendous importance. Digital Watermarking is a technology used for the copyright protection of digital applications. In this paper, a comprehensive approach for watermarking digital video is introduced. It is the process of embedding copyright information in video bit streams. This scheme embeds different parts of single watermark into different scenes of video under DWT. To increase robustness, the watermark process is carried out in the video. The imperceptible high bit rate watermark embedded is robust against various attacks that can be carried out on the watermarked video, such as filtering, contrast adjustment, noise addition and geometric attacks. Secret data is embedded in individual video frames using the frequency domains of DWT. Nowadays the each field there is the use of digital information. The internet and the multimedia can use the digital information. To handle the digital information is very easy. To provide the protection of illegal copying of the data the digital video watermarking is powerful. The proposed system presents a digital video watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and MSE computed to measure image quality for each transform.
AN ENHANCED LINK REPAIR TECHNIQUE FOR MAODV ROUTING PROTOCOL

Ad-hoc On-demand distance vector (AODV) is a variant of classical distance vector routing algorithm. A distinguishing feature of AODV is the ability to provide unicast, multicast and broadcast communications. The multicast extension of AODV, also known as Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) protocol is a tree-based multicast routing protocol which enables dynamic, self-starting, multi-hop routing between participating mobile nodes wishing to join or participate in a multicast group within an ad hoc network. MAODV has minimal control overhead and route acquisition latency. However, the mobility of mobile nodes often causes link breakage in the tree-based protocols which sometime results in tree partitioning and poor performance. In MAODV, when a broken link is detected between two nodes on the multicast tree, the node downstream to the break is responsible for initiating the repair. After link repair, it is likely that the previous distance between the nodes (nodes downstream to the link breakage) and the group leader will not remain same. We investigate and identify that the shortest path from the group leader to the nodes downstream to the node which initiates link breakage is not ensured after link breakage. In this paper, a new technique is proposed which ensures shortest path from any node to the group leader after link repair. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvement in performance metrics compared to standard MAODV.
FPGA Implementation of NLMS Algorithm for Identification of unknown system.

This paper proposes a VHDL implementation of a variable step size Least Mean Square (NLMS) adaptive algorithm. The envisaged application is the identification of an unknown system. The good convergence of NLMS algorithm has made us to choose it. It also has good stability. Adaptive filtering constitutes one of the core technologies in digital signal processing and finds numerous application areas in science as well as in industry. Adaptive filtering techniques are used in a wide range of applications, including system identification, adaptive equalization, adaptive noise cancellation, wire less communication and echo cancellation. A HDL implementation is developed for a 4th order NLMS adaptive filter. As compared conventional LMS it has been proven that NLMS Algorithm has good behavior. ModelSim simulations results altogether with plots obtained in Matlab prove the same.
INVESTIGATION OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR ISOLATED MULTIPORT PHOTOVOLTAIC DC TO DC CONVERTER

This paper proposes an isolated multiport dc–dc converter for simultaneous power management of multiple renewable energy sources, which are of different capacities. The proposed dc–dc converter is investigated by employing three MPPT control strategies for PV system to boost the output. It only uses one controllable switch in each port to which a source is connected. Therefore, it has the advantages of simple topology and minimum number of power switches. A general topology of the proposed converter is first introduced. Its principle and operation are then analyzed. The proposed converter is applied for simultaneous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of a solar power generation systems consisting of multiple different photovoltaic (PV) panels. The simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of using the proposed converter to achieve MPPT simultaneously for the all PV panels with proposed control strategies using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software. Keyword: DC-DC Converter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), multiport converter
Opinion Analysis Using Polarity Shift Model

- The user-generated text volume on the Web in the form of reviews, blogs, and social networks has grown dramatically in recent years. This was mirrored by an increasing interest, from both the academic and the business world, in the field of opinion analysis. The polarity shift problem is a major factor that affects classification performance of machine-learning-based sentiment analysis systems . Here we proposing a three-stage cascade model to address the polarity shift problem in the context of document-level sentiment classification. Firstly splitting of each document into a set of sub sentences and build a hybrid model that employs rules and statistical methods to detect explicit and implicit polarity shifts, respectively is done. Secondly, proposing a polarity shift elimination method, to remove polarity shift in negations. Afterwards, training the base classifiers on training subsets divided by different types of polarity shifts, and uses a weighted combination of the component classifiers for sentiment classification. On this basis, also proposing a dual training algorithm to make use of original and reversed training reviews in duality for learning a sentiment classifier, and a dual prediction algorithm to classify the test results by keeping in mind both of two phases of one result. An extended framework from polarity (positive-negative) classification to 3-class (positive-negative-neutral) classification has to be done, by taking the neutral reviews into consideration. Finally, a corpus-based approach is constructed for pseudo-antonym dictionary, which elimination of Dual Sentential approach's dependency on an external antonym dictionary for review reversion.
Effect of salycilic acid and sodium nitro proside on the pomegranate aril browning disorder

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the important fruits of the Middle East. The fruit is prone to a disorder called aril browning. This disorder threatens production, consumption, and exports of pomegranates, because affected fruit cannot be externally distinguished from healthy fruit. This study designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid 0, 10-3, 10-4M (SA) and sodium nitro proside 0, 10-3, 10-4M (SNP) on the reduction of the disorder. Results indicated that foliar application of SA and SNP significantly reduced percentage of aril browning in 10-4M concentration. Also, SA and SNP significantly increased total anthocyanin content, ascorbic acid, ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). All in all it seems that application of these growth regulators is a good approach to reduce aril browning damage in the pomegranate fruit.
Electroencephalographic and Electromyographic Peculiarities of Motor and Ideomotor Finger Movement Task in Musicians and Novices

The production of voluntary movements by musicians often has many more elements contributing to the performance that is necessary to solve a given motor task. Nevertheless, only top musicians perform well by eliminating ‘redundant degrees of freedom’. Mental motor imagery is the recognising tools of ability to learn how to move because motor imagery corresponds to a subliminal activation of the motor system, a system that appears to be involved not only in producing movements but also in imagining actions. Here we hypothesised that musical motor capacity is part of a broader sensorimotor integration characterised by fluency in the real motor task performance and precise imagination of motor task performance, where inhibition of redundant activation is reflected by increasing the brain alpha EEG and decreasing the muscles EMG power.
Assessment of genetic variability, interrelationship, direct and indirect effect of seedling characters on fibre yield of jute under rainfed and irrigated condition

Jute, the bastfibre, which is obtained from the bark of two cultivated species of the genus namely Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius L. of the family Malvaceae, In India, jute is grown over an area of 0.8 million hectare producing around 10 million bales (I bale = 180 kg) of fibre which is about 40 percent of the world production (Roy et al.,2011). The fibre of C. olitoriusis finer, softer, stronger and more lustrous than that of capsularis. The fibre of capsularis is ordinarily whitish, and therefore called “white jute” by the trade. The olitorius fibre has either a yellowish, reddish or greyish colour, depending upon the nature of retting water (Kundu et al., 1959). C. olitorius varieties are grown under highland condition whereas C. capsularis are more suited to low land condition. Thus, while the former can stand soil moisture stress, the latter can tolerate water logging. In West Bengal, jute is sown within first fortnight of April, which is often accompanied by unpredictable and very low rainfall which often exposes jute crop to moisture stress condition. It is observed from a series of experiments that water stress affects seed and seedling metabolism in jute. Under field condition, seed germination and establishment are most obviously affected by soil water deficits resulting poor crop stand. Root part is the most important underground functional part of the plants. A sound root system results in healthy crop growth and in turn helps to exploit the full potential of the crop (Bhattacharya et al., 2008). Deep root penetration has been referred as the prime means of moisture stress resistance in the field crops (Lewitt, 1969). If the jute crop can survive the adverse initial dry spell, with the advent of monsoon and favourable weather conditions like adequate rainfall, high relative humidity and warm temperature condition, luxuriant growth and yield of jute can occur. For this purpose, there is need to conserve of adequate moisture in soil by employing agronomic practices like mulching, crop rotation, cover crops, conservation of tillage etc. and its continuous supply to jute plants is of paramount importance for achieving higher yield of the crop particularly under deficit water situation (Ghorai and Mitra, 2008). Besides this, yield by itself may not be the best criterion for selection (Yasin, 1973). It is influenced and inherited by genetic factors as well as environments. Genetic improvement of yield of any crop depends upon the nature and extent of genetic variability, heritability, nature of association of various components characters with yield which would help plant breeders a successful breeding programme. (Pervin, 2012).
Yield, Evapotranspiration and Quality of Greenhouse Grown Strawberry (Fragaria×Ananassa Duch.) Under Combined Drought and K2SO4 Fertigation

An optimized fertigaion practice is essential to have enhanced fruit yield and quality as harmonious integration between water and nutrients accelerates plant growth and development. One of the tremendous benefits of the optimized fertigation is saving water and nutrients without compromising yield and quality [1]. And an optimized fertigation enables incorporation of saline and marginal soils, dunes, mountains slopes and swamps to be agriculturally productive. Also an optimized fertigation reduces weed growth, herbicide usage and increases nutrient and labor use efficiency. Moreover, interplay between the fertigation practices may have added value to the fruit quality such as sugar and acid content, flavour, aroma, colour, antioxidant value etc.
Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Profiles in Synovitis in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial hyperplasia, neoangiogenesis and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the RA synovium [1-3]. Numerous studies have already demonstrated that synovitis is closely involved in the pathogenesis of RA [4-6]. In RA synovium, large numbers of infiltrating T cells, macrophages, osteoclast precursor cells and synovial fibroblasts can be seen. It has been demonstrated that infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages in RA synovial tissue produce excessive levels of pro inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 [413]. These cytokines form a network and are key participants in the pathogenesis of arthritis. An imbalance of pro inflammatory and inhibitory cytokines may, at least in part, participate in the development of arthritis [13]. In addition, periarticular osteopenia can be observed in the early stage of the disease before the erosion of bone becomes evident [14-18]. Previously, we have demonstrated that infiltrating inflammatory cells in RA synovium may modulate not only inflammation but also bone and cartilage destruction [11]. A therapeutic strategy against synovitis may have the potential to inhibit inflammation, joint pain (arthralgia), and the degeneration of bone and cartilage tissues [9-10]. In this study, we focused on the synovitis to develop a new therapeutic strategy for RA.
Expression analysis of a pathogen-responsive PR-1 gene from Chinese wild

In response to pathogen attacks, plant produces a wide range of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. PR-1 genes represent the first identified PR gene family. Most members of PR-1 gene family are not inducible by pathogen attacks. In this study, we identified a pathogen-responsive PR-1 gene designated as VqPR-1 (GenBank accession no. JN256202), in a subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) cDNAlibrary from Elsinoe ampelina-inoculated young leaves of Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis clone ‘shang-24’. VqPR-1 protein contained the requisite signal sequence at the N-terminus, a conserved three-dimensional structure called ‘PR-1 fold’ and a highly conserved six-cysteine motif. Expression level of VqPR-1 rose rapidly in response to E. ampelina infection. The three tested plant defence signaling molecules, salicylic acid (SA), ethephon (Eth) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) all triggered an induction of VqPR-1. However, the induction by addition of MeJA was weaker than that induced by SA and Eth. In addition, the response to inoculation with E. ampelina or treatment with signaling molecules, was sometimes a suppression of VqPR-1 gene expression. The highest expression of VqPR1 was observed in flowers, stems and leaves, while low-level or no obvious transcripts were detected in pericarps and tendrils, respectively.
A Survey of Mobile Botnet Detection Techniques

A BSTRACT - As most applications in wired networks become available on mobile devices and mobile networks are well integrated with Internet, Botnet becomes the most crucialthreat to mobile devices, but they are still rare for the mobile world. It'sbecome the considerable threat to cyber security and also used as an infrastructure to carry out nearly each type of cyber-attack. We have studied a new hybrid scheme for the prevention of a mobile botnet for VPN. We have studied the various Mobile Threats, Detection of Mobile Botnet for VPN i.e. virtual private network is digital network-based security technology and security requirements of mobile smartphone.
Analysis Of Gender Wise Enrolment Trend In Higher Education In India

This study relates to the male and female enrolment trends in higher education since 2001. The Winter's method is adopted to analyze the gender wise trend of enrolment in higher education under multiplicative and additive models of time series. The forecasts are generated for the period 2016-2055 along with 95% predictive intervals under both the models and comparisons are made. It was observed that female enrolment has an increasing trend while male enrolment showed decreasing trend. For the year 2024 the female and male enrolment are nearly same but afterwards female enrolment will be more than male enrolment. If the same trend continues then in 2055 the female (male) enrolment is observed to be 76.91% (25.27%) and 75.66% (24.34) under multiplicative and additive models respectively. We do not found any significant difference between multiplicative and additive models.