Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ofﬂine EEG-Based Driver Drowsiness Estimation Using Discrepancy Distance Based Deep Adversarial Domain Adaptation

—Drowsy driving is a major cause of trafﬁc accidents and has become a serious threat to our daily life. Therefore, it is important to make accurate driver drowsiness estimation during driving for safety. This can be achieved by monitoring drivers’ electroencephalogram (EEG) signals through a brain-computer interface system. However, due to individual differences, most existing approaches need to collect a large amount of labeled subject-speciﬁc data for calibration, which is labor-intensive and user-unfriendly. To solve this problem, domain adaptation (DA) has been proposed to make use of auxiliary subjects’ labeled data to train a model for a new subject, with few or even no subject-speciﬁc calibration data. This paper proposes a novel deep adversarial DA approach for ofﬂine cross-subject drowsiness estimation, without using any labeled subject-speciﬁc calibration data. It utilizes a discrepancy distance to measure the distribution discrepancy in regression. A publicly available dataset, SEED-VIG, was used to evaluate the performance of our proposed approach. Experiment results demonstrated that it outperformed two state-of-the-art approaches.
Conditional observe in CoAP

CoAP is a RESTful application protocol for constrained nodes and networks. Through the Observe option, clients can observe changes in the state of resources and obtain a current representation of the last resource state. This document defines two new options for CoAP Observe so that a CoAP client can specify timing conditions when observing a resource on a CoAP server. As a result, the CoAP client is only informed about resource state changes when the timing conditions are met. This offers possibilities to extend network intelligence, enhance scalability, and optimize the lifetime and performance in order to address the requirements from the Constrained Nodes and Networks.
Milking the reputation cow: argumentation, reasoning and cofnitive agents

Computational trust and reputation models have been recognized as one of the key technologies required to design and implement agent systems. These models manage and aggregate the information needed by agents to efficiently perform partner selection in uncertain situations. For simple applications, a game theoretical approach similar to that used in most models can suffice. However, if we want to undertake problems found in socially complex virtual societies, we need more sophisticated trust and reputation systems, that not only focus on the construction and inference of social evaluations (epistemic decisions), but on the their role in the practical reasoning performed by the agents (pragmatic-strategic decisions) and on communications and dialectical processes (memetic decisions). Most of the current state-of-the-art models struggle with epistemic decisions, on how agents evaluate other agents according to certain criteria. Curiously, pragmatic-strategic and memetic decisions are traditionally left apart, either because they are implicit in the model or because it is too dependent on the domain. This thesis explores this gap, arguing that in complex scenarios where more cognitive approaches are needed, both pragmatic-strategic and memetic decisions are as important as epistemic ones.
Exploring the perceptions of stakeholders in a Singapore Kindergarten during a period of curriculum reform

For 40 years, the Singapore education system has adopted a 'standard' curriculum, however the Minister of Education, Mr. Shanmugaratnam (2006) has stated that the 'one size fits all' approach is not feasible in a 'globalized world'. There is a call for a shift from academic rote learning to more experiential engaged learning, lifelong learning and learning that is considered character building. The Singapore MOE and policy makers have realized the importance of early childhood. In 2003, the Ministry of Education (MOE) launched a Pre-school Curriculum Framework based on a two-year pilot research study. The resultant new curriculum focused on developing the child holistically, on learning through play and experimentation, and on interacting with the teacher. To help raise the professional standard of pre-school educators, the MOE mandated that by 2008, all preschool teachers and principals should attain the minimum qualification of a pre-school teaching diploma and leadership diploma respectively.
Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbine Drivetrain Under Grid Fault Conditions

With growing interest in sustainable forms of energy, the wind industry is growing rapidly. The Doubly Fed Induction Generator is the most popular choice for the drivetrain because it is cost effective. However, it suffers from reliability and maintenance issues due to the slip rings and brushes it requires. The Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (B-DFIG) aims to address these drawbacks. With increased wind power penetration, tripping of wind turbines during grid disturbances is no longer acceptable for the power system. Therefore, it is important to study the performance of such wind turbine drivetrain under low voltage events. This thesis studies the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) characteristics of the B-DFIG for its application in wind turbines. This thesis first looks at the modelling and control of the Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (B-DFIG) to be used in a wind turbine drivetrain. It develops the steady state model using circuit theory to study the steady state characteristics of the machine. The dynamic model is developed to form the basis of the study of the machine during low voltage events. Further, the controller is developed based on vector control. The second part of the thesis looks at the performance of a B-DFIG based wind turbine under symmetric low voltage dips. It compares the performance of this generator with that of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) - two of the most prevalent generators used in wind turbine drivetrains today. The thesis also looks at protection methods for these generators. It has been seen that the issue with LVRT performance of the PMSM is the rise in the DC link voltage which is due to the mismatch in power generated by the machine and the power transferred to the grid. It has also been found that apart from offering better reliability through the exclusion of slip rings and brushes, the B-DFIG also has an improved LVRT performance when compared with the DFIG - the protection is simpler and can be built into the control algorithm of the machine controller.
NOTES ON SOME ERDŐS–HAJNAL PROBLEMS

Abstract We make comments on some problems Erdős and Hajnal posed in their famous problem list. Let X be a graph on $\omega _1$ with the property that every uncountable set A of vertices contains a finite set s such that each element of $A-s$ is joined to one of the elements of s. Does then X contain an uncountable clique? (Problem 69) We prove that both the statement and its negation are consistent. Do there exist circuitfree graphs $\{X_n:n<\omega \}$ on $\omega _1$ such that if $A\in [\omega _1]^{\aleph _1}$ , then $\{n<\omega :X_n\cap [A]^2=\emptyset \}$ is finite? (Problem 61) We show that the answer is yes under CH, and no under Martin’s axiom. Does there exist $F:[\omega _1]^2\to 3$ with all three colors appearing in every uncountable set, and with no triangle of three colors. (Problem 68) We give a different proof of Todorcevic’ theorem that the existence of a $\kappa $ -Suslin tree gives $F:[\kappa ]^2\to \kappa $ establishing $\kappa \not \to [\kappa ]^2_{\kappa }$ with no three-colored triangles. This statement in turn implies the existence of a $\kappa $ -Aronszajn tree.
Design with Intent: Influencing people’s behaviour through products & services

Design inevitably influences our behaviour, whether we notice it consciously or not. As you walk around Made in Brunel, you can be sure that your attention and interest and the route you take around the show will be shaped, on many levels, by the design and positioning of the stands, the colour and style of the display boards, the appearance of the projects (and people! ). As designers we don’t always consciously consider the power this gives us to help people (or, indeed, to manipulate them), but there’s growing recognition that “designers are in the behaviour business”, championed by people such as Frog Design’s Robert Fabricant, and Stanford’s BJ Fogg with the concept of persuasive technology. I’ve used the term ‘Design with Intent’ to mean design that’s intended to influence or result in certain user behaviour. It’s an attempt to describe systems across lots of disciplines—services, products, interfaces, even built environments—that have been designed with the intent to influence how people use them. However, there’s not much guidance available for designers briefed with influencing users’ behaviour, particularly in socially beneficial humanistic contexts, such as reducing the
EMC and Doppler ultrasound equipment

The work described has allowed proposals to be made on a reasonably sound basis for testing susceptibility to interference entering via the two routes found to be most important in practice. The tests can be carried out with only basic laboratory equipment comprising a simple signal generator and an oscilloscope. The main problem remaining is that due to the vagaries of the signal injection method the actual test levels are uncertain and match the required profile only over a restricted frequency range.
What’s in a Name? That Which We Call CRM: How New Knowledge Institutions Frame Information Technologies

This paper considers the constant propagation of new terminologies within the information technology domain. Whilst scholars have noted and developed concepts to explain this proliferation, we look in the opposite direction to consider their corollary, noting how very few designations actually manage to sustain themselves as technological fields. In the paper we consider the development of the technological field known as Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Key in the development and shaping of this and other technologies are the ‘new knowledge institutions of information technology’ and in particular the specialist forms of consultants known as ‘industry analysts’. Experts like these continuously attempt to draw and police the boundaries surrounding emerging fields: they do this through numerous ‘naming interventions’ and ‘categorization work’; which we conceptualize as their ‘knowledge frames’. This paper enquires into the nature and form of these frames and asks: What’s at stake in these experts’ framing of new information technologies? In order to unpack this question we draw widely on ideas from Information Systems Research, Economic Sociology, the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, and Science and Technology Studies. The paper is based on a longitudinal study of the CRM field and includes: ethnographic fieldwork carried out on the eve of the contemporary CRM boom; and interviews conducted as part of an ongoing investigation into industry analysts.
The Distribution Characteristic of Microbial Aerosols Inside a Nursery Pig House and the Respiratory Tract of Piglets

Background: The particulate matter (PM) is a carrier of many substances. Microorganisms are vital constituents contained in PM and the kinds and concentration are closely connected to human health and animal production. This study was aimed to investigate the distribution characteristics of microbial aerosols inside the pig house and as well as in the respiratory tract of pigs. The environment inside a nursery pig house was monitored in winter, including temperature, relative humidity, TSP, PM10, PM2.5, NH3, CO2, CO and NO. The concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria, fungi and Escherichia coli were detected. Then 16 S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to identify bacteria contained in different sized PM and the bacteria in the respiratory tract of piglets.Results: The results showed that the concentration of airborne culturable bacteria inside the pig house was significantly higher than that outside. The concentration of airborne culturable bacteria was reduced with the decrease of the size of PM; the concentration of airborne culturable fungi was mostly distributed in the size of 2.1-3.3 μm and 1.1-2.1 μm PM; most airborne culturable Escherichia coli were distributed in the size of >7.0 μm and 2.1-3.3 μm. Besides, these three types of microbial aerosols did not exhibit significant change during different time points. The 16 S rRNA results showed that the bacteria contained in PM had high similarity with that in the respiratory tract of pigs. The bacteria assemblage in the size of 1.1-3.3 μm PM had high similarity with that in the lower respiratory tract (bronchus and lung) of pigs. In addition, four potential pathogenic bacteria genera (Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) were identified in the PM samples and the respiratory tract.Conclusions: These results will provide a significant scientific basis in exploring the potential risk of aerosol from animal houses for human and animal health.
Decision Process Innovations, Constraints and Strategies for Adoption of Conservation Agriculture

Conservation agriculture innovations offer a new paradigm for agricultural research and development. While examining the total innovation-decision process, one can see how the farmers observe innovations (knowledge), relate to images and message within technological innovations (persuasion), formulate a want for item (decision), actively pursue the desire for item (implementation), and ultimately decide whether future uses of technologies / are desirable (confirmation). The adoption of Conservation Agriculture innovations can be facilitated by locally identified and specially trained group leaders or by promoters. For the success, farmers will need to be in forefront for helping in identification, development and deployment of Conservation Agriculture innovations. Developing and promoting RCT systems is highly demanding in terms of knowledge base. This will call for greatly enhanced capacity of scientists to address the prevailing problems / constraints from a systems perspective and be able to work in close partnerships with farmers and other stakeholders. There is also need to strengthen the knowledge and information-sharing mechanisms. Improvement in coordination amongst various stakeholders like research, extension service, farmers, service providers, agricultural machinery, and manufacturers for transfer of technologies will play a pivotal role in accelerating the Conservation Agriculture.
Modeling and Simulation for Design of Suspended MEMS

Abstract : This thesis presents a modeling and simulation methodology for the design of suspended MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS), called NODAS (NOdal Design of Actuators and Sensors). NODAS simulations are based on schematics composed of a small number of low-level atomic elements: anchors, beams, plates and electrostatic gaps. The lumped parameterized behavioral models are implemented in Verilog-A, which is an analog hardware description language. Key issues addressed include schematic representation, modeling physics, modeling accuracy, validation of the composibility and extensibility of the methodology. Prior work on the NODAS model library is improved by adding in new features and new models. Model physics are expanded from 2D (in-plane) motion to 3D (in-space) motion. Beam and plate models include parameters for both single-conducting-layer processes and multipleconducting- layer processes. Mechanical physics are enhanced to include beam geometric nonlinearity and shear effects as well as plate elasticity. The electrostatic gap element models allow distributed electrostatic and damping forces acting on electrodes formed from displaced beams. Detailed model derivations are given, followed by verification simulations and discussion on advantages and limitations. The atomic element models have been verified to give simulation accuracy to within 5% of finite element analysis. This thesis also validates the composibility of suspended MEMS by simulating a set of validation cases using the same small set of atomic elements. The validation cases covers a variety of suspended MEMS devices. Strengths and weaknesses of the current model library are discussed, suggesting directions for future work. The methodology supports multi-physics analysis and cosimulation with transistor-level electronics, handles hierarchical design for large systems, and therefore acts as a foundation for future system-level MEMS design.
Adaptive Waveforms for Automatic Target Recognition and Range-Doppler Ambiguity Mitigation in Cognitive Sensor

13 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 15 CHAPTER 2 – AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION . 22 2.1 Automatic Target Recognition for Monostatic Radar . 22 2.1. 1 Problem Statement and Signal Model . 22 2.1. 2 Target Model . 27 2.1. 3 Radar Waveform Design . 30 2.1. 4 Waveform Constraints . 34 2.1. 5 Decision Making Procedure and Bayes’ Theorem . 36 2.1. 6 Results . 38 2.1. 7 Summary . 49 2.2 Automatic Target Recognition for MIMO Radar . 50 2.2.1 Problem Statement and Signal Model . 50 2.2.2 Waveform Design . 56 2.2. 3 Decision Making Procedure . 58
An Integrated Framework for Planning and Control of Semi-Autonomous Vehicles

This thesis presents the design of a novel activesafety system preventing unintended roadway departures. Theproposed framework unifies threat assessment, stability, andcontrol of passenger vehicles into a single combined optimizationproblem. A nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) problemis formulated where the nonlinear vehicle dynamics, in closed-loop with a driver model, is used to optimize the steering andbraking actions needed to keep the driver safe. A model of thedriver's nominal behavior is estimated based on his observedbehavior. The driver commands the vehicle while the safetysystem corrects the driver's steering and braking action in casethere's a risk that the vehicle will unintentionally depart theroad. The resulting predictive controller is always active andmode switching is not necessary. We show simulation resultsdetailing the behavior of the proposed controller as well asexperimental results obtained by implementing the proposedframework on embedded hardware in a passenger vehicle. Theresults demonstrate the capability of the proposed controller todetect and avoid roadway departures while avoiding unnecessaryinterventions.
Problems Caused by Manganese in Water Supplies

mulated by AWWA Manganese Task Group 2680P, under the chairmanship of the author. Whether or not a water supply has a manganese problem depends to a large degree upon the character of the source, the type of treatment, and the usage industrial or domestic, or a combination of both. It also depends upon the type of industry using the water and the employees operating the utility. Manganese is a common ingredient in water supplies in all parts of the country. It can be present in both ground and surface supplies. It is usually associated with iron and the iron content is usually greater than the manganese content. This cannot be taken for granted, however; in a number of places the quantity of manganese will be greater.
Functional outcome evaluation of Neer’s two part and three part proximal humeral fractures treated by percutaneous K-wire fixation in a tertiary care hospital in North India: a prospective study of 21 patients

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The treatment of proximal humeral fractures is controversial. The advantages of percutaneous Kirschner’s wire (K-wire) fixation include preservation of periosteal blood supply, minimal blood loss, less soft tissue damage and shorter hospital stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2 part and 3 part proximal humeral fractures in terms of functional outcome at final follow up. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study of 21 patients aged 20 to 60 years with mean age of 44.2 years including two part and three part proximal humeral fractures based on Neer’s classification, treated by percutaneous K-wire fixation. Functional outcome was assessed by Constant-Murley score at 1 year follow up. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> On the basis of Neer’s classification, 13 patients had 2 part fracture, 8 patients had 3 part fracture. Radiological union was achieved within 7 to 15.2 weeks, with an average of 11.6 weeks. The mean constant score at 1 year follow up was 78.2, range (42 to 96). In the present study, complications were seen in 8 (38.1%) patients. The results were in proximity with the existing literature. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Percutaneous fixation is minimally invasive technique with preservation of periosteal blood supply, minimal blood loss, less soft tissue damage, surgery can be done under brachial plexus block, less chances of avascular necrosis, shorter hospital stay, no hardware in situ, thus no hardware symptoms, leaves no surgical scar and lowers the rate of complications. </p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Enabling different genetic diversity algorithms to unravel conservation and divergence in moringa germplasm accessions

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae) leaves have enormously valued for their food, medicinal and industrial uses. To evolve improved leafy biomass producing cultivars, it is essential to systematically analyse the available morphological and genetic diversity. This study investigated the genetic diversity of 55 Moringa germplasm accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and leaf morphological traits by employing a wide range of genetic distance measures, clustering procedures and other multivariate methods. Though analysis with DAR win 6.0 and TASSEL 4.0 has generated three clusters, NTSY Spc 2.0 and Power Marker v.3. 25 produced only two major clusters. Morphological diversity was also analysed with five leaf traits using both Minitab 20.0 and XL-STAT and they produced two main clusters. Distantly related germplasm accessions identified in this study (such as Karumbu Murungai and Kappalpatti Murungai), would be of great importance in further genetic improvement of Moringa for increased leaf biomass, a valuable trait that can ensure nutritional and economic security.
Comparison of the techniques used for sgmentation of EMG signals

The shapes of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) in an electromyographic (EMG) signal provide an important source of information for the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. In order to extract this information from the EMG signals recorded at low to moderate force levels, segmentation is required to identify the MUAPs composed by the EMG signal. In this work, three techniques for segmentation of EMG signal are presented: i). Segmentation by identifying the peaks of the MUAPs, ii). by finding the beginning extraction point (BEP) and ending extraction point (EEP) of MUAPs and iii) by using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). A total of 12 EMG signals obtained from 3 normal (NOR) subjects, 5 myopathic (MYO) subjects and 4 motor neuron diseased (MND) subjects were analyzed. The success rate for the technique used peaks to extract MUAPs was 95.90%, for the technique used BEPs and EEPs was 75.39% and for the technique used DWT was 66.64%.