Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why and when suffering increases the perceived likelihood of fortuitous rewards

Cultural practices and anecdotal accounts suggest that people expect suffering to lead to fortuitous rewards. To shed light on this illusory ‘suffering–reward’ association, we tested why and when this effect manifests. Across three vignette studies in which we manipulated the degree of suffering experienced by the protagonist, we tested a ‘just‐world maintenance’ explanation (suffering deserves to be compensated) and a ‘virtuous suffering’ explanation (suffering indicates virtues, which will be rewarded). Our findings revealed that the illusory ‘suffering–reward’ association (1) could serve as a way for people to cope with just‐world threats posed by the suffering of innocent victims, and (2) manifested when the suffering was not caused by the victim's own behaviour and not readily attributable to bad luck. Taken together, these findings not only provide evidence for the existence of the illusory ‘suffering–reward’ association but also elucidate its psychological underpinnings.
Successful Treatment of Patients with Refractory High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer with GOPC-ROS1 Fusion Using Crizotinib: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Recently, multiple poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated excellent efficacy among patients with ovarian cancer with or without BRCA mutations. However, alternative therapeutic options are urgently required for patients who cannot benefit from conventional chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors. CASE PRESENTATION A patient with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma presented to our clinic after developing resistance to chemotherapy. Paired tumor-normal next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using peripheral blood to identify potential actionable mutations. NGS revealed the patient harboring a GOPC-ROS1 fusion, which was subsequently verified using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. No germline or somatic mutation in BRCA1/2 or mismatch repair genes was detected. Therefore, the patient received crizotinib treatment. A rapid, favorable clinical response (partial response at 1 month) was observed, with further pathological response monitored and evaluated in follow-up interrogation. CONCLUSION This study suggested that crizotinib was an off-the-shelf, practical, and ostensibly effective treatment option for patients with ovarian cancer with ROS1 rearrangement. NGS-based genetic testing may guide to plan therapeutic paradigms, and render precision medicine promising in ovarian cancer treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Despite the previous report of ROS1 fusion in patients with ovarian cancer, it remains unknown whether patients can benefit from targeted therapeutic drugs. This study reports a GOPC-ROS1 fusion identified by next-generation sequencing in a patient with chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. The patient was administered crizotinib and showed rapid, remarkable response. This study suggests that comprehensive sequencing should be offered for patients with ovarian cancer without effective therapeutic strategies, and crizotinib can be used to treat ROS1-rearranged ovarian carcinomas.
Mini‐sternotomy vs right anterior thoracotomy for aortic valve replacement

While minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement (AVR) have been shown to be safe, limited data exist comparing the varying approaches. This study aimed to compare the outcomes between two minimally invasive approaches for AVR: mini‐sternotomy (MS) and right anterior thoracotomy (RAT).
The role of mab-3 in spermatogenesis and ontogenesis of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

BACKGROUND Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is one of the most destructive invasive species, causing extensive economic losses worldwide. The sex ratio of female to male of B. xylophilus plays an important role in the nematode infestation. However, little is known about the processes of its sex determination. The double sex/mab-3-related family of transcription factors are highly conserved in animals, playing crucial roles in sex determination, spermatogenesis and ontogenesis. We therefore investigated its orthologue, Bxy-mab-3, in B. xylophilus. RESULTS Bxy-mab-3 has two typical conserved DM domains. It was observed in J2 (the second-stage of juveniles), J3, J4 and male adults (specifically on the spicules), but not in eggs or female adults via mRNA in situ hybridization. RNA-seq indicated significantly higher expression in males. RNAi showed that the body size and sperm size of male adults were markedly smaller than those of the controls. Meanwhile, almost all the RNAi treated males failed to mate with the normal females, even 26.34% of interfered males did not produce sperm. However, RNAi of Bxy-mab-3 had no effect on the sex ratio of B. xylophilus. CONCLUSION Bxy-mab-3 is indispensable for spermatogenesis, ontogenesis and mating behavior. It is a typical sex-determination gene with the differential expression in males and females. However, knocking down Bxy-mab-3 expression could not alter the sex ratio as seen in other species. Our findings contribute towards a better understanding of the molecular events of Bxy-mab-3 in B. xylophilus, which provides promising hints for control of pine wilt disease by blocking ontogenesis and decreasing nematode fecundity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
CAFRI-Rice: CRISPR Applicable Functional Redundancy Inspector to Accelerate Functional Genomics in Rice.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop with agricultural traits that have been intensively investigated. However, despite the variety of mutant population and multi-omics data that have been generated, rice functional genomic research has bottlenecked due to the functional redundancy in the genome. This phenomenon has masked the phenotypes of knockout mutants by functional compensation and redundancy. In this study, we present an intuitive tool, CRISPR applicable functional redundancy inspector to accelerate functional genomics in rice (CAFRI-Rice; cafri-rice.khu.ac.kr). To create this tool, we generated a phylogenetic heatmap that can estimate the similarity between protein sequences and expression patterns, based on 2,617 phylogenetic trees and eight tissue RNA-sequencing data sets. In this study, 33,483 genes were sorted into 2,617 families, and about 24,980 genes were tested for functional redundancy using a phylogenetic heatmap approach. It was predicted that 7,075 genes would have functional redundancy, this according to the threshold value validated by an analysis of 111 known genes functionally characterized using knockout mutants and 5,170 duplicated genes. In addition, our analysis demonstrated that anther/pollen-preferred gene cluster has more functional redundancy than other clusters. Finally, we showed the usefulness of the CAFRI-Rice-based approach by overcoming the functional redundancy between two root-preferred genes via loss-of-function analyses as well as confirming the functional dominancy of three genes through a literature search. This CAFRI-Rice-based target selection for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis will not only accelerate functional genomic studies in rice but can also be straightforwardly expanded to other plant species.
Importance of discarded blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the diet of lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) in the Cantabrian Sea

The blue whiting is the most important demersal species caught by the Spanish trawler fleet in the southern Bay of Biscay. Lesser spotted dogfish are not a commercial by-catch, and are discarded immediately after sorting. During 1994 the contents of 1094 dogfish stomachs were analysed. The results show that lesser spotted dogfish with a total length of >17 cm eat blue whiting throughout the year. The length range of blue whiting found in lesser spotted dogfish stomachs was similar to the length range discarded by the fishery. Blue whiting account for 20% of the stomach volume in lesser spotted dogfish 30‐50 cm long. From the state of digestion of blue whiting prey, and the comparative analysis of the size distributions of blue whiting in lesser spotted dogfish stomachs and in the fishery, it appears that many of these blue whiting are discards, consumed when already dead or damaged. The impact of this supplementary food on lesser spotted dogfish abundance is discussed. 1998 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Distribution and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the vicinity of a hot mix asphalt (HMA) plant in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

This study investigates the distribution and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the vicinity of a hot mix asphalt (HMA) plant in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Five samples were collected at both surface (0-15cm) and subsurface (15-30cm) depths at an increasing distance from the HMA plant and the control samples for both levels were collected at 500m away from the HMA plant. The concentration of the aliphatic hydrocarbons varied from 16.74 to 2025.20mg/kg and 25.69 to 818.82mg/kg for surface and subsurface levels respectively while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 117.67 to 2226.44mg/kg and 414.40 to 1588.89mg/kg for surface and subsurface samples respectively. The diagnostic isomer ratios showed that the petroleum hydrocarbons were mainly of pyrogenic origin.
The Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction: A Study in the East Coast of Malaysia

R Zirwatul Aida R Ibrahima, Jumadil Saputrab*, Nor Aizal Akmal Rohaizadc, Siti Sarawati Johard, a,b,cFaculty of Business, Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, dCentre of General Studies and Co-curricular, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia, Email: azirwatul@umt.edu.my, b*jumadil.saputra@umt.edu.my, caizal@umt.edu.my, dsarawati@uthm@edu.my
New Guanidine Alkaloids from the Leaves of Verbesina Peraffinis

Two new guanidine alkaloids, 1 and 2, were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaf of Verbesina peraffinis, in addition to four known substances: galegine, the methylamide of caffeic acid, galactitol and the flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl-(1–2)-galactoside-5,7,4′ trimethoxy-kaempferol. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The antihypertensive activity of the methanolic extract was assayed in rats using a model of hypertension induced by footshock.
Jane Jacobs (1916–2006): An Appreciation

Jane Jacobs led me astray. As a geography undergraduate at Liverpool University in the mid-1960s I spent much of my time reading books that were not on course reading lists. The most readable book and most influential (as proven by the fact that I have never forgotten its message) was Jane Jacobs's The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961). Concern for new roads destroying communities was just becoming an issue at this time in Liverpool and other British cities and therefore Jacobs's defence of US cities chimed with my own growing interest in cities. I was intending to become a town planner and found Jacobs's critique of the profession intriguing. I read Jacobs's book in my second year and a year later I found myself being interviewed for a planning assistant position with London County Council. To prepare for the latter, I read a serious book on planning, the Buchanan Report on future traffic needs through and around cities (Ministry of Transport, 1963). When it came to the end of the interview and I was offered the opportunity to ask the interview panel questions, I ventured to query what they thought of the conundrum that building a sixteen-lane highway(1) down London's Oxford Street to accommodate traffic forecasts would obviously destroy the shopping centre thus actually resulting in the generation of no traffic. My question was considered amusing and there ended my planning career before it had even started. I blame Jane Jacobs; this appreciation of her works is my very belated thank you. Most appreciations of major thinkers today will include an appendix consisting of a long list of the subject's publications. Not so here. The oeuvre of Jane Jacobs consists of just six major books. (2) (1) The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) made her name as a major social critic of contemporary America. In celebrating the city for its diversity and vitality it attacked contemporary planning for its penchant for neat, sterile uniformity. For the rest of her life this book defined her popularity, even on the cover of her final book forty-three years later (see below) the front identifies her as author of Death and Life and the back consists of reviews of Death and Life! More importantly, the book is celebrated by two very significant writers on modernity, Marshall Berman (1982) and James Scott (1998). An excerpt from the book is to be found in a recent city reader (LeGates and Stout, 1996). Recently the book has been influential in office design (Gladwell, 2000). The book has never been out of print and has come into prominence again in Richard Florida's (2002) influential work. Jane Jacobs (1916 ^ 2006): an appreciation Environment and Planning A 2006, volume 38, pages 1981 ^ 1992
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, FEMALE FERTILITY, AND DIET OF PIPA ARRABALI (ANURA, PIPIDAE) IN SERRA DO CACHIMBO, PARÁ, BRAZIL

Abstract The family Pipidae includes five genera and two subfamilies, Pipinae and Dactylethrinae. Pipinae is restricted to Central and South America, occurring in the Amazon and Atlantic forest. We analyzed sexual dimorphism, female fertility, and diet of Pipa arrabali from their range's southernmost portion in Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Brazil, and compared it to previous studies on populations near Manaus. We found no sexual dimorphism in shape, but females are significantly larger than males. Nineteen of 31 females had tadpoles embedded under the skin. Females harbored more and smaller tadpoles than previously reported for other populations. Diet of P. arrabali at the end of the dry season consisted mainly of dipteran pupae, contrasting to Manaus populations, where tadpoles were the main item, therefore underscoring the importance of prey availability on frog diet composition.
Gene Silencing-mediated Resistance in Transgenic Plants Carrying Potato Virus Y Coat Protein Gene Tobacco

Sang-Jae Han, Hye Sun Cho, Jin-Sam You, Young-Woo Nam, Eun Kyung Park, Jeong-Sheop Shin, Young In Park, Won Mok Park, and Kyung-Hee Pack* Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea:  Plant and Animal Cell Technology Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon 30533.5, Korea;  Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute, Taejon 305-345, Korea.
Temporal trends of exotic species richness in North American floras: An overview

ABSTRACT While it is widely assumed that there has been a great increase in the proportion of exotic species over the last century for regions within North America, there has been little direct evidence for such a trend. I analyzed 1,410 vascular floras published between 1875 and 2004 and found a small increase in the percentage of exotic species, from slightly less than to slightly more than 10%. The increase is most noticeable (but still weak) at broad spatial scales, especially when latitude, area, and elevation are statistically factored out. The observed increase in exotics may be due, in part, to subtle biases in the data.
Comparison of morpho-agronomic traits versus RAPD and ISSR markers in order to evaluate genetic diversity among Cuminum cyminum L. accessions

Cuminum cyminum is a valuable medicinal plant belongs to family Apiaceae. In this study genetic variation among 42 cumin accessions were collected from different regions of Iran plus two accessions from Syria and Afghanistan were assessed based on three marker systems namely, ISSR, RAPD and morpho-agronomic traits. In overall, banding patterns of 22 ISSR primers and 13 RAPD primers revealed 202 (67.32%) and 85 (54.90%) polymorphic bands, respectively. The range of similarity coefficient in ISSR and RAPD markers were 0.48-0.92 and 0.25-0.94, respectively. Using primers as pairwise combination in this study did not offer higher polymorphism but provided different band pattern. Specific grouping were carried out by each cluster analysis including ISSR, RAPD, ISSR+RAPD and morpho-agronomic markers based on their similarity matrix making 8,7,6 and 3 groups respectively. The results showed that grouping based on molecular markers and morpho-agronomic traits are different so these two systems could not discriminate accessions as a same way. All of Mantel tests between extracted similarity matrices from each marker system were significant except between ISSR marker and morpho-agronomic traits. It could be concluded that among three different molecular data sets, the RAPD and RAPD+ISSR data have a significant and closer relationship to morpho-agronomic data.
Genetic divergence among populations of Pissodes yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in southwestern China

The bark weevil, Pissodes yunnanensis Langor and Zhang, is an important pest of young Yunnan pine, Pinus yunnanensis Franchet (Pinaceae), in southwestern China. Populations of the host and weevil are disjunct, especially in the northwestern part of the range in Yunnan province. To estimate maternal gene flow and examine the genetic structure of Pissodes yunnanensis, we sequenced an 840-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene in 60 individuals from 7 populations in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Percent divergence among populations ranged from 0.001% to 2.1%. Nested clade analysis of 21 haplotypes showed evidence of genetic structuring that is inferred to be primarily due to allopatric fragmentation and a low level of gene flow. Analysis of molecular variance also showed significant genetic structuring and restricted gene flow among weevil populations, especially between northwestern and eastern regions of the range. Such genetic structuring may be important for pest management programs. Phylogenetic analyses comparing the same 761-bp sequence among P. yunnanensis, Pissodes punctatus Langor and Zhang from southwestern China, and five Nearctic species of Pissodes showed that (i) the two Chinese species were most closely related to each other, (ii) the four species in the P. strobi (Peck) species group formed a distinct clade, and (iii) these two clades were more similar to each other than to the Nearctic species P. affinis Randall.
Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns affect midcontinent wetlands sensitive to climate

Twenty-seven years of data from midcontinent wetlands indicate that the response of these wetlands to extremes in precipitation - drought and deluge-persists beyond the extreme events. Chemical changes transcend such simple relations as increased salinity during dry periods because drought provides mechanisms for removal of salt by deflation and seepage to groundwater. Inundation of vegetation zones including rooted or floating mats of cattail (Typha glauca) can stimulate sulfate reduction and shift the anion balance from sulfate to bicarbonate dominance. Disruptions in the circulation of moisture-laden air masses over the midcontinent, as in the drought of 1988 and the deluge of 1993, have a major effect on these wetlands, which are representatives of the primary waterfowl breeding habitat of the continent.
In Vitro Plant Regeneration From Callus in Semi Dwarf Cultivar of Punica Granatum L. ʻNanaʼ

Leaf explants of a semi dwarf cultivar of pomegranate were placed on Murashige and Skoog [6] (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzyl adenin (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for callus induction. Maximum callus induction was observed on a media containing 1 mg L -1 BA with 0 mg L -1 NAA. However, the highest callus growth was obtained on a medium containing 1 mg L -1 BA and 0.5 mg L -1
A 5-year study of the influence of the northeast and southwest monsoons on copepod assemblages in the boundary coastal waters between the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait

Danshuei River in the northwestern tip of Taiwan discharges into the boundary coastal waters between the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. We conducted a 5-year study between October 1998 and September 2003 to assess the influence of the northeast (NE) and the southwest (SW) monsoons on copepod assemblages in the area. A total of 110 copepod species were identified. Temora turbinata, Paracalanus aculeatus, Acrocalanus gibber, Parvocalanus crassirostris and Oithona rigida comprised 80% of the copepod assemblages that consisted of coastal species from the East China Sea and species associated with the Kuroshio Branch Current. The effect of the NE monsoon was observed during a short period of each winter when species such as Calanus sinicus were transported into the study area by the China Coastal Current. In summer, species such as A. gibber, Acrocalanus gracilis and Canthocalanus pauper may be transported into the study area from Southern Taiwan by the combined effect of the SW monsoon and the Kuroshio Current. Influence of the NE monsoon on the copepod assemblages in terms of introduction of species from the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during winter was observed every year but was unlikely to represent an important carbon source into the region due to its short-term nature. Local species such as T. turbinata, P. crassirostris and O. rigida form a major component of the copepod assemblage. The high copepod diversity in the area was caused by the year-round presence of many local species and the aggregation of different species from subtropical, tropical, and temperate water masses. Monsoon-driven water currents and the Kuroshio Branch Current appeared to mask the effect of river discharge in the region.
Effectiveness of Multicomponent Exercise Interventions in Older Adults With Dementia: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background and Objectives Multicomponent training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, postural, and balance exercises and may be a promising intervention strategy for dementia. This meta-analysis study aims to systematize evidence concerning the effectiveness of MT in physical fitness, cognition, and functionality on activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with dementia and to identify moderation patterns regarding training variables. Research Design and Methods 4 databases were systematically searched to locate potential trials through March 2019. A total of 2,312 records were identified and a final set of 17 manuscripts reviewed; of these, 6 satisfied all eligibility criteria. Results Samples sizes ranged from 27 to 170 participants; MT programs lasted between 4 weeks and 12 months, took place from a daily basis to twice a week, and sessions ranged from 30 to 60 min. The TESTEX scale was used to analyze the methodological quality, and the funnel plots to assess the risk of bias. This meta-analysis revealed that MT interventions benefit older adults with dementia regarding ADL performance (effect size = 0.313 [0.16–0.46]; p < .01), but the evidence was not sufficiently robust to determine the effectiveness of MT on cognitive function and physical fitness, particularly, on agility. Discussion and Implications MT may be an important nonpharmacological strategy to enhance ADL functionality on older adults with dementia. Findings suggest that long-term interventions are more prevalent than high-frequency and longer duration exercise sessions. Further evidence is needed for acknowledging its benefits in specific cognitive abilities and physical fitness. This meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42020141545).