Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryoablation for the Treatment of Lymph Node Metastasis

Background: Lymph Node Metastasis (LNM) is often treated preventively during the initial management of the primary tumor, by chemotherapy-radiotherapy-surgical excision. However, few options exist for the treatment of loco-regional LNM at the time of recurrence. Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy, safety, and the loco-regional disease control of Cryoablation (CA) as a removal option for LNM. Patients/methods: The clinical records of 9 patients, (5 male and 4 female, median age 60), treated by CA at the department of interventional radiology, CHUV, between May 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively and consecutively reviewed. Permission from the Swiss Ethics Committee was obtained. Nine patients bearing 17 LNM from various primary tumors were treated by CA. CA was performed by using 2 median freezing cycles, (sd=0), with a median duration of 9 minutes for the first freezing cycle (± 3.3min) and 6 minutes for the second freezing cycle (± 2.7min). The median duration of the total of freezing cycles was 15 minutes (± 5.7min). The number of probes ranged from 1 to 10, (median 2). After CA, the patients were followed up by imagery (PET-CT, CT, MRI) at intervals of 1-3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 24 months, etc., for as long as follow-up was available. Both PERCIST and RECIST 1.1 criteria were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of CA, by measuring SUVmax and diameter of lesion respectively. Results: A total of 13 CA procedures were performed on 17 LNM. All procedures were technically successful resulting in a satisfactory ablation zone. Minor immediate and periprocedural complications were observed (SIR classification). Using PERCIST, out of the 14 hypercaptant target lesions, at the end of the PET-CT follow-up available for each lesion (13.8 months mean), 14% (n=2) had Complete Response, 64% (n=9) had Partial Response, 21% (n=3) were in Stable Disease, and 0% (n=0) showed Progressive Disease. Mean SUVmax decrease was -51%, for a mean follow up time of 13.8 months. Using RECIST 1.1 criteria, out of the 17 target lymph nodes, at the end of the MRI follow-up available for each lesion (15.6 months mean),29% (n= 5) showed CR, 41% (n=7) had PR, 24% (n=4) were in SD, and 6% (n=1) was Not Evaluated. Mean volume decrease was -72% for a mean follow up of 15.6 months. At the end of follow up 44% (p=4) patients showed global disease control for 11.2 months mean, 11% (p=1) had local disease control for 20 months with pre-existing distant tumour deposits at time of CA treatment, and 44% (p=4) patients showed locoregional or distant disease progression at 8.2 months mean. Conclusion: Our study shows that CA of LNM is a safe and effective method, with minimal complications, and satisfactory locoregional disease control rate. All treated lesions were controlled 15.6 months mean, and 44% of the patients showed global disease control 11.2 months mean.
TOTAL LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF EIGHT STRAINS OF MARINE DIATOMS

丰满的酸作文和 8 的全部的类脂化合物内容海洋的硅藻拉紧(Nitzschia frustrula， Nitzschia closterium， Nitzschia incerta， Navicula pelliculosa， Phaeodactylum tricornutum， Synedra fragilaroides ) 被检验。 microalgae 在定义条件下面被种并且在晚指数的阶段收获。 在大多数紧张的主要的丰满的酸是 14 鈭吗？ (1.0% 鈥 ? .3%) ， 16 鈭？ (13.5 鈥 ? 6.4%) ， 16 鈭 ? n ? 7 (21.1% 鈥 ? 6.3%) 并且 20 鈭 ? n ? 3 (6.5% 鈥 ? 9.5%) 。 多元不堡和丰满的酸 16 鈭 ? n ? 4， 16 鈭 ? n ? 4， 16 鈭 ? n ? 1 和 20 鈭 ? n ? 6 也在一些紧张包括了全部的丰满的酸的一个重要比例。 硅藻的典型的丰满的酸作文从另外的 microalgal 组的那些是容易地可区分的。 多元不堡和的重要集中丰满的酸 20 鈭 ? n ? (eicosapentaenoic 酸) 3 在每紧张是在场的，与在 B222 (19.5%) 的最高的比例。 关键词丰满的酸 - 全部的类脂化合物内容 - 高技术鈥 ? 支持的海洋的硅藻工程科技(863-819-02-01 ) 的中国部的 63 个鈥 ? 节目。
Effect of HF and HNO 3 Concentration on Etching Rate of Each Component in Waste Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

In order to maximize the recovery of silicon wafer in waste crystalline silicon solar cells, chemical treatment has been carried out by using the mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3). The effect of HF and HNO3 concentrations on etching rates of several components such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), anti-reflection film made of silicon nitride (AR) and silicon (Si) in the solar cells has been made clear. The etching rates of Ag, Al and Si are held almost constant with time and become larger with the increasing HF concentration and the etching temperature. All of the etching rates of Al, AR and Si have peaked at the HF mole fraction of about 0.8. The dependency of HF concentration on Al, AR and Si etching rates becomes larger than that of HNO3. As the best solution composition for the Si recovery yield, the following relation has been found in this study: (number of AR moles)/(number of Al moles) = 7.62 © 1014 CHNO3CHF where CHNO3, CHF: HNO3, HF concentration (kmol/m3). [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2015293]
In-situ gallium-doping for forming p+ germanium-tin and application in germanium-tin p-i-n photodetector

The in-situ Ga doping technique was used to form heavily p-type doped germanium-tin (Ge1−xSnx) layers by molecular beam epitaxy, avoiding issues such as Sn precipitation and surface segregation at high annealing temperatures that are associated with the alternative implant and anneal approach. In this way, an electrically active Ga concentration of up to ∼3.2 × 1020 cm−3 can be realized for Ge1−xSnx. The impacts of varying the Ga concentration on the crystalline quality and the mobility of p-type Ge1−xSnx were investigated. High crystalline quality Ge0.915Sn0. 085 can be realized with an active Ga concentration of up to ∼1.2 × 1020 cm−3. More than 98% of the Sn atoms are located on substitutional lattice sites, although the substitutionality of Sn in p-type Ge1−xSnx decreases with an increasing Ga concentration. When the Ga concentration introduced is higher than 3.2 × 1020 cm−3, excess Ga atoms cannot be substitutionally incorporated, and segregation of Ga and Sn towards the surface during growth is obser.
Reduction of arsenic in groundwater by coprecipitation with iron

This study examines the potential of removing arsenic from water by coprecipitation with naturally occurring iron. It focuses on the conditions found in the groundwater in Bangladesh where there is a need to develop a low-cost method of arsenic removal, which can be implemented at household level. The experimental study examined the sensitivity of removal of arsenic in response to manual mixing and prolonged settlement. It was demonstrated that up to 90% of the arsenic could be removed after 3 days9 settlement, this being sufficient to attain the Bangladesh standard of arsenic concentration of 0.05 mg l −1 provided the Fe/As ratio and pH were favourable. The necessary iron (as Fe 3+ ) to attain the standard was expressed by Fe=66 As 1.75 , where Fe and As are in mg l −1 . The study also examined the effects of interference and found for typical levels of co-occurring solutes encountered in the groundwater in Bangladesh, that removal was enhanced. It was also apparent that the removal rate was sensitive to the form of the iron. There was evidence that adsorption may be the dominating trapping mechanism when Fe/As weight ratio was ≥10.
Heat Transfer From Spheres to a Rarefied Gas in Subsonic Flow

Experimental over-all average heat-transfer coefficients for spheres in a subsonic air stream are presented for the slip-flow region in the range of Mach number M, and Reynolds number Re (based on diameter), 0.1 ⩽ M1 ⩽ 0.69 and 1.75 ⩽ Re1 ⩽ 124. A simplified analysis is presented which yields the convective heat-transfer coefficient for a rarefied gas by means of a correction to the continuum coefficient at the same Reynolds number. Comparison of this analysis is made with an existing theory for cylinders. An expression for the nondimensional over-all average heat-transfer coefficient for spheres in a rarefied subsonic flow is given as Nuavg=Nu°avg1+3.42M1Re1PrNu°avg
Magnetic forces in discrete and continuous systems

The topic of this thesis is a mathematically rigorous derivation of formulae for the magnetic force which is exerted on a part of a bounded magnetized body by its surrounding. Firstly, the magnetic force is considered within a continuous system based on macroscopic magnetostatics. The force formula in this setting is called Brown's force formula referring to W. F. Brown, who gave a mainly physically motivated discussion of it. This formula contains a surface integral which shows a nonlinear dependence on the normal. Brown assumes the existence of an additional term in the surface force which cancels the nonlinearity to allow an application of Cauchy's theorem in continuum mechanics to a magnetoelastic material. The proof of Brown's formula which is given in this work involves a suitable regularization of a hypersingular kernel and uses singular integral methods. Secondly, we consider a discrete, periodic setting of magnetic dipoles and formulate the force between a part of a bounded set and its surrounding. In order to pass to the continuum limit we start from the usual force formula for interacting magnetic dipoles. It turns out that the limit of the discrete force is different from Brown's force formula. One obtains an additional nonlinear surface term which allows one to regard Brown's assumption on the surface force as a consequence of the atomistic approach. Due to short range effects one obtains moreover an additional linear surface term in the continuum limit of the discrete force. This term contains a certain lattice sum which depends on a hypersingular kernel and the underlying lattice structure. %%%%Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist eine mathematisch strenge Herleitung von Formeln fur die magnetische Kraft, die auf einen Teil eines beschrankten, magnetischen Korpers durch seine Umgebung ausgeubt wird. Zunachst wird die magnetische Kraft in einem kontinuierlichen System auf Grundlage der makroskopischen Magnetostatik betrachtet. Mit Bezug auf W. F. Brown, der eine vor allem physikalisch motivierte Herleitung der Kraftformel gegeben hat, wird diese auch Brownsche Kraftformel genannt. Das Oberflachenintegral in dieser Formel zeigt eine nichtlineare Abhangigkeit von der Normalen. Um Cauchys Theorem aus der Kontinuumsmechanik in einem magnetoelastischen Material anwenden zu konnen, nimmt Brown an, dass die Oberflachenkraft einen zusaatzlichen Term enthalt, der den nichtlinearen Ausdruck aufhebt. Der Beweis der Brownschen Kraftformel in dieser Arbeit beruht auf einer geeigneten Regularisierung eines hypersingularen Kerns und benutzt Methoden fur singulare Integrale. Danach gehen wir von einem diskreten, periodischen System von magnetischen Dipolen aus und betrachten die Kraft zwischen einem Teil einer beschrankten Menge und der Umgebung. Um zum Kontinuumslimes uberzugehen, starten wir von der ublichen Kraftformel fur wechselwirkende magnetische Dipole. Es zeigt sich, dass sich der Limes der diskreten Kraft von der Brownschen Kraftformel unterscheidet. Man erhalt einen zusatzlichen nichtlinearen Oberflachenterm, der es…
Linear Viscoelasticity of Spherical SiO2 Nanoparticle-Tethered Poly(butyl acrylate) Hybrids

The melt state linear viscoelastic properties of spherical silica nanoparticles with grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) chains of varying molecular weight were probed using linear small amplitude dynamic oscillatory measurements and complementary linear stress relaxation measurements. While the pure silica-tethered−polymer hybrids with no added homopolymer exhibit solid-like response, addition of matched molecular weight free matrix homopolymer chains to this hybrid, at low concentrations of added homopolymer, maintains the solid-like response with a lowered modulus that can be factored into a silica concentration dependence and a molecular weight dependence. While the silica concentration dependence of the modulus is strong, the dependence on molecular weight is weak. On the other hand, increasing the amount of added homopolymer changes the viscoelastic response to that of a liquid with a relaxation time that scales exponentially with hybrid concentration.
Advances in cone penetrometer testing for environmental characterization of soil and groundwater

Because of design limitations, cone penetrometer testing (CPT) has been used only sporadically in environmental investigations, mostly as an add-on to conventional drilling. However, recent advances in specialty probes have allowed the development of comprehensive assessment strategies for remedial investigations. CPT has not previously been capable of collecting information on volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in soil vapor and hydrostatic characteristics of an aquifer as well as conventional drilling. Two new probes recently developed by Holguin, Fahan and Associates, Inc., (HFA) extend the capabilities of CPT to the collection of soil vapors and hydrogeological data. The first probe continually collects discrete soil vapor samples with depth and analyzes them on a near real-time basis with an on-board gas chromatograph (GC) and/or photoionization detector (PID). The second new probe contains a low-pressure transducer that takes accurate measurements of in-situ hydrostatic head. Therefore, CPT is now capable of completely defining the subsurface stratigraphy, hydrogeology, and the horizontal and vertical extent of impacted soil and groundwater.
A single molecule study of the GroEL active cage mechanism

The cylindrical chaperonin GroEL and its lid-shaped cofactor GroES of Escherichia coli perform an essential role in assisting protein folding by transiently encapsulating non-native substrate in an ATP-regulated mechanism. It remains controversial whether the chaperonin system functions solely as an infinite dilution chamber, preventing off-pathway aggregation, or actively enhances folding kinetics by modulating the folding energy landscape. Here we developed single-molecule approaches to distinguish between passive and active chaperonin mechanisms. Using low protein concentrations to exclude aggregation, in combination with highly sensitive spectroscopic methods, such as single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), we measured the spontaneous and GroEL/ES-assisted folding of double-mutant maltose binding protein (DM-MBP), and a natural GroEL substrate - dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DapA). We show that both proteins form highly flexible, kinetically trapped folding intermediates, when folding in free solution and do not engage in inter-molecular interactions, such as aggregation, at sufficiently low concentration. We find that in the absence of aggregation, GroEL/ES accelerates folding of DM-MBP up to 8-fold over the spontaneous folding rate. The folding of DapA could be measured at physiological temperature and was found to be ~130-fold accelerated by GroEL/ES. As accelerated folding was independent of repetitive cycles of protein binding and release from GroEL, we demonstrate that iterative annealing does not significantly contribute to chaperonin assisted substrate folding. With a single molecule FRET based approach, we show that a given substrate molecule spends most of the time (~80%) during the GroEL reaction cycle inside the GroEL central cavity, in line with the inner GroEL cage being the active principle in folding catalysis. Moreover, photoinduced electron transfer experiments on DM-MBP provided direct experimental evidence that the confining environment of the chaperonin cage restricts polypeptide chain dynamics. This effect is mainly mediated by the net-negatively charged wall of the GroEL/ES cavity, as shown using the GroEL mutant EL(KKK2) in which the net-negative charge is removed. Taken together, we were able to develop novel approaches, based on single molecule spectroscopy and making use of GroEL as a single molecule sorting machine, to measure GroEL substrate folding rates at sub-nanomolar concentrations. We also, for the first time, provide direct experimental evidence of conformational restriction of an encapsulated polypeptide in a chaperonin cage. Our findings suggest that global encapsulation inside the GroEL/ES cavity, not iterative cycles of annealing and forced unfolding, can accelerate substrate folding by reduction of an entropic energy barrier to the folded state, in strong support of an active chaperonin mechanism. Accelerated folding is biologically significant as it adjusts folding rates relative to the rate of protein synthesis.
Estimation des effets propres des mesures agroenvironnementales du plan de développement rural national 2000-2006 sur les pratiques des agriculteurs

Le soutien a l'agroenvironnement a represente des depenses publiques importantes au cours de la periode 2000-2006. Les realisations ont concerne plus de 130 000 exploitations et environ 7 millions d'ha, soit le quart de la SAU francaise. Par contre, de nombreuses interrogations existent quant aux effets reels de ce soutien sur les pratiques des agriculteurs et l'etat de l'environnement. Afin de tenter d'y repondre, le ministere a confie au CEMAGREF une etude basee sur l'utilisation de methodes econometriques deja utilisees pour l'evaluation de programmes sociaux. Cette etude ayant encore un fort caractere de recherche, a repose sur la reconstitution, a posteriori, d'une situation contrefactuelle, c'est a dire d'un echantillon temoin d'agriculteurs non beneficiaires, mais ayant, avant mise en place du soutien, des profils les plus proches possible des agriculteurs futurs beneficiaires
Relationships between total particle count, aerobic spore-forming bacteria and turbidity in direct filtration

Direct filtration tests were carried out on a pilot plant (20 m 3 /h) in order to examine the relationships between the removal efficiency of the total particle count, the spores of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and turbidity. Samples were taken from the raw water of the St Lawrence River (Canada), the turbidity of which is between 1 and 5 NTU, and the treatment objective was to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water at a value less than or equal to 0.10 NTU at all times. The treatment comprises a coagulation step using polyaluminium chloride (PACl) or Percol LT35, followed by filtration (10 m/h) on a bilayer filter of sand and activated carbon. The results show that linear correlations exist between the removal of total particle count, aerobic spores and turbidity. There is a progressive increase in the total particle count in filtered water, which begins just after the ripening period of the filter and continues to the end of the filtration cycle. Increase in the aerobic spores is not evident until much later, and there is only a weak increase in the turbidity.
An Investigation of the Gut Microbiota, Microglia, and Peripheral Immunity in the Sod1 Animal Model of ALS

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating and debilitating disease as patients maintain cognitive abilities while losing motor function before dying, often from respiratory muscle paralysis within three to five years of symptomatic onset. With 10% of cases acquired from genetic mutations (familial), an environmental cause is implicated in 90% of cases of ALS. The gut microbiome is an environmental factor that has been associated with processes in neurologic diseases and is a prime target to investigate sporadic causes of ALS because of how it may affect protein aggregates and inflammatory responses that contribute to motor neuron death. The gut microbiome can communicate to the brain by a few pathways including immune activation and neuroactive metabolite secretion. Microglia, the innate immune cell of the central nervous system, has been implicated in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases and can be affected by the microbiome. This research demonstrates that the gut microbiome of the Sod1 ALS animal model upregulates microglia genes associated with RNA processing, lysosomal function, and protein degradation in naïve mice, which is linked with decreased Akkermansia. Furthermore, treatment of Sod1 mice with Akkermansia muciniphila or butyrate producing bacteria, Agathobacter rectale and Roseburia intestinalis, delayed disease progression and reversed Sod1-related effects in genes involved with the unfolded protein response and microglial activation. These findings provide evidence that specific microbes can ameliorate and delay disease progression in the Sod1 murine model of ALS and this demonstration of protection is linked with modulating genes implicated in ALS.
Multi-Residue Determination of Sulfonamide and QuinoloneResidues in Fish Tissues by High Performance LiquidChromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

A LC-MS/MS method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of 4 quinolones (oxolinic acid, enrofloxacine, ciprofloxacine, norfloxacine) and 4 sulfonamides (sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfadimidine, sulfamerazine) on fish muscle following the European Union's (EU) criteria for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in foods. One gram of sample was extracted by acidic acetonitrile (0.5 mL of 0.1% formic acid in 7 mL of ACN), followed by LC-MS/MS analysis using an electrospray ionization interface. Typical recoveries of the 4 quinolones in the fish tissues ranged from 85 to 104%. While those of the sulfonamides ranged from 75 to 94% at the fortification level of 5.0 μg/kg. The decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) of the quinolones were 1.35 to 2. 10 μg/kg and 1.67 to 2.75 μg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the CCα and CCs of the sulfonamides ranged from 1.62 μg/kg to 2. 53μg/kg and 2.01 μg/kg to 3.13 μg/kg, respectively.
A Radio Frequency Plasma Micro-Thruster: Characterization of Various Discharge Gases Through Optical Diagnostics

Images of the discharge cross section of an electro-thermal radio frequency plasma microthruster were taken using a digital camera in conjunction with bandpass filters for argon, nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) discharges. The bandpass filters were chosen to isolate a particular emission line (transition), such that the light intensity imaged was related to electron density using the coronal model of the transition. From this, the profile of electron density across the discharge diameter was inferred for powers between 5 and 50 W and pressures between 0.35 and 6.0 Torr. For all three discharge gases a mode change occured from a maximum intensity peak on the central axis at lower pressure to an annulus of maximum intensity located approximately mid-radius at higher pressure. The pressure at which this occured differed for all three gases.
Study on multi-logic polarization and inverse piezoelectric effect of ferroelectric tunnel junction with a composite barrier

Abstract By adjusting different polarization status in ferroelectric thin films, effect of saturation polarization, bias voltage, dielectric barrier width, and ferroelectric barrier width on electrical properties of a metal-dielectric-ferroelectric-metal structure are investigated in detail. Our simulation results show that the electrical properties of the tunnel junction can be effectively improved by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of ferroelectric thin films. When the strain effect is taken into account, by controlling the polarization of the ferroelectric layer, the number of logic values could be modulated flexibly.
Papain Partial Purification Improves its Sensitivity towards Heavy Metals Papain Partial Purification

The protease papain, in combination with the dye-binding coomassie protein assay of its substrate has been shown to be sensitive towards toxic heavy metals and has good potential as a preliminary screening method for detecting heavy metals in various samples. The original assay uses crude preparation and there is a possibility to improve its sensitivity towards heavy metals by removing interfering proteins. Using a combination of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, a 3.3 fold purification was achieved, and the partially purified fraction showed significantly lower IC50s (p<0.05) for all heavy metals tested except for zinc, than the crude fraction. This demonstrates that partial purification improves the sensitivity of the papain inhibitive assay towards heavy metals.