Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOCATING THE TRAILING EDGE OF THE CIRCUMBINARY RING IN THE KH 15D SYSTEM

Following two years of complete occultation of both stars in the binary T Tauri star KH 15D by its opaque circumbinary ring, KH 15D has abruptly brightened again during apastron phases, reaching I = 15 mag. Here, we show that the brightening is accompanied by a change in spectral class from K6/K7 (the spectral class of star A) to ∼K1, and a bluing of the system in V − I by about 0.3 mag. A radial velocity measurement confirms that, at apastron, we are now seeing direct light from star B, which is more luminous and of earlier spectral class than star A. Evidently, the trailing edge of the occulting screen has just become tangent to one anse of star B's projected orbit. This confirms a prediction of the precession models, supports the view that the tilted ring is self-gravitating, and ushers in a new era of the system's evolution that should be accompanied by the same kind of dramatic phenomena observed from 1995 to 2009. It also promotes KH 15D from a single-lined to a double-lined eclipsing binary, greatly enhancing its value for testing pre-main-sequence models. The results of our study strengthen the case for truncation of the outer ring at around 4 AU by a sub-stellar object such as an extremely young giant planet. The system is currently at an optimal configuration for detecting the putative planet and we urge expedient follow-up observations.
Habitus, Intentionality, and Social Rules: A Controversy between Searle and Bourdieu

Bourdieu's sociology contains many concepts and terms that could play a significant role for philosophy. University philosophers are hardly inclined, of course, to accept suggestions from other disciplines, in particular when they carry the scent of empirical research in the everyday world. Their interest lies-apart from a few exceptions, such as Wittgenstein, Merleau-Ponty, and Charles Taylor-beyond the sensory world, directed instead toward the world of pure thought. The mind has no smell; it avoids contact with the corporeal. When philosophers describe society, it is transformed into a product of thought. The absence of sensuality lends intellectual rigor and consistency to their attempts, inasmuch as they trace social structures back to logical ones. In this way philosophy can achieve, at best, clarifications of concepts from which sociology can also benefit. However, this advantage is always obtained at a high price: intellectual construction ignores everything that constitutes society-social practice, power, actions of social agents, their habitus, their position, strategies, and the internal complexities of society itself. The weaknesses and advantages inherent in a logical reconstruction of social processes can be studied in John R. Searle's The Construction of the Social World (1995). Through a critical confrontation of these strengths and weaknesses with Pierre Bourdieu's theory, it becomes clear how this theory actually contributes to a philosophy of society. Searle's publication is the logical continuation of his work on construction, which spans several decades. It leads from his theory of the speech act, via the concept of intentionality, to the "rediscovery of the mind," finally arriving at an "ontology of social facts. "' Bourdieu's starting points are his culturalanthropological field research, and empirical sociological studies of traditional and modern societies. In these works, he develops a theory of social action and of a society characterized by power structures.2 Searle transfers an entire field out of the empiricism of sociology into the philosophy of mind, and submits it to an ontological model of hierarchical levels of reality. Bourdieu's aim has long been to dissociate the concept of the social agent from the philosophy of mind. Both Bourdieu and Searle invest a wealth of ideas in their attempt to reorder the respectively opposing discipline
Ectoine A survival tool for microorganisms living in the extreme

Yes exactly, but they are called extremophiles literally meaning ‘extreme-loving’. These organisms thrive in what we would call extreme environments. To define what extreme is we need to consider what our ideal environment is? 22 , sunshine and a cool breeze perhaps? Now imagine living in boiling acid or in a pitch black oxygenless swamp. Not quite pleasant for us but for extremophiles ideal. Extreme environments include high or low temperatures, extreme pressure or drastically salty conditions.
Conflict and co-operation in ant societies

Cette these se propose d? etudier les forces evolutives qui influencent la bal- ance entre cooperation et conflit. Deux exemples sont analyses en detail, les societes d? insectes et l? association entre la fourmi Formica exsecta et son sym- bionte intracellulaire Wolbachia. Chacune de ces deux associations animales est caracterisee par la coexistence de cooperation et de conflit. Les colonies d? insectes sociaux sont un exemple typique de cooperation. Neanmoins, la determination haplodiploide du sexe cree des apparentements asymetriques entre les membres de la colonie qui se traduisent par des con- flits entre reines et ouvrieres. Un des conflits les plus importants porte sur le sexe-ratio, l? investissement optimal en sexues males et femelles etant equilibre pour la reine, mais biaise en faveur des femelles pour les ouvrieres. Jusqu? ici, les modeles etudiant ce conflit se basaient uniquement sur les asymetries d? ap- parentement. La premiere partie de cette these (Chapitres 1 et 2) propose d? introduire dans des modeles de sexe-ratio les mecanismes proximaux utilises par les deux parties pour influencer le sexe-ratio. Ces mecanismes, par leurs ef- fets negatifs sur la productivite de la colonie, peuvent entrainer des deviations importantes du sexe-ratio par rapport a la valeur predite par des modeles clas- siques. De plus, la prise en compte de ces mecanismes nous permet d? etudier dans quelle mesure les parties opposees sont selectionnees pour influencer le sexe-ratio. Enfin, les modeles generent des predictions quant a l? issue du con- flit, c? est-a-dire un compromis ou reines et ouvrieres partagent le controle de l? investissement. La seconde partie du travail porte sur l? infection de la fourmi Formica ex- secta par le symbionte cytoplasmique Wolbachia. Ce symbionte, present chez un grand nombre d? especes d? Arthropodes, est transmis maternellement. Afin de se repandre dans la population d? hotes, Wolbachia manipule la physiolo- gie reproductive de l? organisme qui l? abrite. Le Chapitre 3 decrit une etude consacree aux variations du sexe-ratio produit dans des colonies de fourmis? en fonction de la presence ou de l? absence de Wolbachia. Le Chapitre 4 etudie l? association entre les lignees du symbionte et les haplotypes mitochondriaux des hotes. L? etude de l? association entre les deux elements maternellement transmis est d? un interet particulier chez Formica exsecta car le taux de migra- tion femelle tres faible engendre une forte strucure genetique mitochondriale.
Measurement , Farm Size and Productivity

Agricultural economists have long debated the efficiency and viability of smallholder agriculture. While much research has shown that small farmers in developing regions are often more efficient than larger farmers, some have challenged the validity of that evidence, citing potential problems that come with farmers' selfreporting of land size. If smaller farmers systematically under-report the size of their plots, one would observe higher levels of production per unit of land that are not linked with efficiency in the production process, but to a failure to properly account for the quantity of land they actually use.
College Freshmens’ Orientation to Experts’ Personal Characteristics After Failure and the Customary Description of Others in Terms of Dispositions1

A laboratory experiment examined a cognitive response (static thinking) to the stressful experience of a shortcoming. Psychology freshmen performed a memory task that was manipulated in terms of its psychological relevance and difficulty. Additionally, experienced press to succeed was quantified in terms of the specificity of participants’ professional goal in the area of psychology. A control condition performed no task. Dependent measures were personal characteristics ascribed to professional psychologists. The results indicated a strong general tendency to use dispositions to describe others. But in accordance with theoretical predictions by Wicklund (1986a, 1986b), the orientation to traits and external qualities of professional psychologists (i. e., experts) after failure on a psychologically relevant task was correlated with the level of specificity of participants’ professional goal in the area of psychology. These findings suggest that the general orientation to dispositions when describing others is replaced by the process of static thinking after the stressful experience of personal incompetence and when the persons to be described are experts.
Temperature and stable isotope variations in different water masses from the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) between 250 and 150 ka

Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and stable isotope measurements have been performed on tests from the planktonic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber (white), Globigerina bulloides, and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (right coiling) in samples from Ocean Drilling Program site 977A in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). The evolution of different water masses between 250 and 150 ka is described. Warm substages were characterized by strong seasonality and thermal stratification of the water column. By contrast, less pronounced seasonality and basin stratification seem to prevail during cold substages. Several periods of stratification due to the low salinity of the upper water mass occurred during the formation of organic‐rich layers and also during a possible Heinrich‐like event at 220 ka. The three foraminifer species studied show a common and large shell Sr/Ca variability in short timescales, suggesting changes in the global ocean Sr/Ca ratio as one of the main causes of variations in shell composition.
Barium even-to-odd isotope abundance ratios in thick disk and thin disk stars

We present the Ba even-to-odd isotope abundance ratios in 25 cool dwarf stars with the metallicity [Fe/H] ranging between 0.25 and -1.35. Our method takes advantage of the hyperfine structure (HFS) affecting the Ball resonance line of the odd isotopes. The fractional abundance of the odd isotopes of Ba is derived from a requirement that Ba abundances from the resonance line A 4554 and subordinate lines λ15853 and A 6496 must be equal. The results are based on NLTE line formation and analysis of high resolution (R ∼ 60 000) high signal-to-noise (S/N > 200) observed spectra. We find that the fraction of the odd isotopes of Ba grows toward the lower Ba abundance (or metallicity) and the mean value in the thick disk stars equals 33 ± 4%. This indicates the higher contribution of the r-process to barium in the thick disk stars compared to the solar system matter. The obtained fraction increases with the [Eu/Ba] abundance ratio growth in agreement with expectations. A significant fraction of the even isotopes of Ba found in old Galactic stars (the thick disk stars), ∼67%, is in contrast to the prediction of the "classical" model of the s-process and favors the value predicted by the "stellar" models of Arlandini et al. (1999) and Travaglio et al. (1999).
Easing in: Fluent processing brings others into the ingroup

Four experiments demonstrated that perceptual fluency can facilitate categorization of others as ingroup members. In Experiment 1 (replications A, B, and C), White participants were first exposed to a group of White target individuals and later judged whether fluent (repeated) and disfluent (novel) targets were members of a particular ingroup or not. In each replication, fluent targets were categorized as ingroup members more readily than were disfluent ones. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this finding by showing that both White (racial ingroup) and Black (racial outgroup) targets were more frequently perceived as school ingroup members when fluent (repeated). In Experiments 3 and 4, fluency was manipulated via visual clarity and, again, fluency engendered more ingroup categorizations than did disfluency, for both racial ingroup and outgroup targets. Moreover, findings from Experiment 4 suggested that liking fully mediated the fluency–ingroup categorization relation. Implications of these findings for the literatures on fluency and intergroup relations are discussed.
Bank Governance, Regulation, and Risk Taking

This paper conducts the first empirical assessment of theories concerning risk taking by banks, their ownership structures, and national bank regulations. We focus on conflicts between bank managers and owners over risk, and we show that bank risk taking varies positively with the comparative power of shareholders within the corporate governance structure of each bank. Moreover, we show that the relation between bank risk and capital regulations, deposit insurance policies, and restrictions on bank activities depends critically on each bank's ownership structure, such that the actual sign of the marginal effect of regulation on risk varies with ownership concentration. These findings show that the same regulation has different effects on bank risk taking depending on the bank's corporate governance structure.
Stochastic decoupling approach to the quantum dissipative dynamics : Perturbative and non-perturbative treatments

We develop a hierarchical functional derivative method to investigate the reduced dynamics of a quantum dissipative system within the framework of a stochastic decoupling description. Keeping only the lowest order truncation of the hierarchical functional derivatives, one can recover the second order Nakajima-Zwanzig quantum master equation. Taking into account the higher-order corrections, our method can be implemented as a highly efficient numerical scheme for a general quantum dissipative system beyond the usual Markovian, rotating-wave, and weak-coupling approximations.
A NOVEL ANTI-FIBROTIC TREATMENT IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE ?

Fibrosis is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, (ESRD) a progressive loss in renal function that occurs over a period of months or years, is characterized by a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste products. There is no specific treatment unequivocally shown to slow the worsening of chronic kidney disease. Plasma levels of CCN2, a fibrogenic agent, is a predictor of prediction of ESRD and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetic nephropathy. CCN3 has been hypothesized to have antagonistic effects to CCN2 both in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, CCN3 has been shown to have antagonistic effects to CCN2 on cultured mesangial cells. In a recent study, van Roeyen and colleagues (Am J Pathol., in press) established that in vivo overexpression of CCN3 in a model of anti-Thy1.1-induced experimental glomerulonephritis resulted in decreased albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and reduced cortical collagen type I accumulation. CCN3 enhanced angiogenesis yet suppressed mesangial cell proliferation. Thus CCN3 protein may represent a novel therapeutic approach to help repair glomerular endothelial damage and mesangioproliferative changes and hence prevent renal failure, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritides, which are characterized by glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and/or matrix accumulation, account for more than 50% of endstage renal disease cases in most Western countries (Klahr et al., 1988). Major contributing factors to diabetic nephropathy include transforming growth factorβ 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB (Nakamura et al., 1993; Lassila et al., 2005; Ziyadeh et al., 2000; Floege et al., 2008) During early stages, PDGF-BB potently increases proliferation and matrix synthesis of mesangial cells and induces the expression of TGF-β1 (Lassila et al., 2005; Di Paolo et al., 1996). PDGF receptor antagonists attenuate diabetic nephropathy (Lassila et al., 2005). Activation of the TGF-β1 loop leads to cell cycle arrest, induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and further ECM synthesis (Wolf, 2002). Of the members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins,
International Taxation

The integration of world capital markets carries important implications for the design and impact of tax policies. This paper evaluates research findings on international taxation, drawing attention to connections and inconsistencies between theoretical and empirical observations. Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) note that small open economies incur very high costs in attempting to tax the returns to local capital investment, since local factors bear the burden of such taxes in the form of productive inefficiencies. Richman (1963) argues that countries may simultaneously want to tax the worldwide capital income of domestic residents, implying that any taxes paid to foreign governments should be merely deductible from domestic taxable income. Governments do not adopt policies that are consistent with these forecasts. Corporate income is taxed at high rates by wealthy countries, and most countries either exempt foreign-source income of domestic multinationals from tax provide credits rather than deductions for taxes paid abroad. Furthermore, individual investors can use various methods to avoid domestic taxes on their foreign-source incomes, in the process also avoiding taxes on their domestic-source incomes. Individual and firm behavior also differs from that forecast by simple theories. Observed portfolios are not fully diversified worldwide. Foreign direct investment is common even when it faces tax penalties relative to other investment in host countries. While economic activity, and tax avoidance activity, is highly responsive to tax rates and tax structure, there are many aspects of tax-motivated behavior that are difficult to reconcile with simple microeconomic incentives. There are promising recent efforts to reconcile observations with theory. To the extent that multinational firms possess intangible capital on which they earn returns with foreign direct investment, even small countries may have a degree of market power, leading to fiscal externalities. Tax avoidance is pervasive, generating further fiscal externalities. These concepts are useful in explaining behavior, and observed tax policies, and they also suggest that international agreements have the potential to improve the efficiency of tax systems worldwide.
Imaging with Indirect Holographic Method at 310 GHz

HUT-2D is an L-band aperture synthesis radiometer developed in Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Space Technology. It has been designed as a demostrator for MIRAS instrument of ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission scheduled for launch in 2009. This paper describes a soil moisture measuring experiment with HUT-2D.
1 Control Structure Selection for an Evaporation Process

A systematic procedure for control structure selection is applied to the evaporation process of Newell and Lee (1989). First, promising sets of controlled variables are selected, based on steady-state economic criteria. The objective is to nd sets of controlled variables which with constant setpoints keep the process close to the economic optimum ("self-optimizing control") in face of disturbances and implementation errors. Second, stabilization and controllability analysis is performed for the most promising sets of economic controlled variables.
Flashbulb memories of the Charlie Hebdo attack.

Flashbulb memories refer to the vivid recall of the circumstances of first learning about significant public events. Our paper assesses whether these memories were triggered by the attack on the satirical French newspaper “Charlie Hebdo”. Participants answered a webbased questionnaire that assessed their memory of the circumstances in which they first learned of the attack (i.e., the reception context). The results showed substantial and vivid recall of the reception context. This recall was also associated with fair rehearsal, negative emotional valence, a wide variety of emotional feelings, surprise, novelty, consequentiality and importance. Furthermore, the flashbulb recall was predicted by the international importance of the attack and the number of people with whom discussions were held about it. The international importance seems to play an important role in the formation of flashbulb memories, at least for the Charlie Hebdo attack, due to the international condemnation and solidarity with the victims.
A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE: THE CULTURE OF HONOR AND HOMICIDE IN THE US SOUTH

The paper tests the popular hypothesis that the high prevalence of homicide in the South of the United States originates from the settlement by herders from the fringes of Britain in the 18th century. I find that historical Scots-Irish presence is associated with higher contemporary homicide, particularly by white offenders, and that a culture of violence was transmitted to subsequent generations—but only in the South and, more generally, where historical institutional quality was low. The interpretation is that the Scots-Irish culture of honor prevailed and persisted as an adaptive behavior to weak institutions. As institutional quality converged between the South and North over the last 200 years, the influence of the culture of honor has been fading over time. The results are robust to controlling for state fixed effects and for a large number of historical and contemporary factors, as well as to relying on instrumental variables for historical settlements. The results are also specific to a particular type of homicide and background of settlers.
An Efficient Methodology for Mapping Quantum Circuits to the IBM QX Architectures

In the past years, quantum computers more and more have evolved from an academic idea to an upcoming reality. IBM’s project IBM ${Q}$ can be seen as evidence of this progress. Launched in March 2017 with the goal to provide access to quantum computers for a broad audience, this allowed users to conduct quantum experiments on a 5-qubit and, since June 2017, also on a 16-qubit quantum computer (called IBM QX2 and IBM QX3, respectively). Revised versions of these 5- and 16-qubit quantum computers (named IBM QX4 and IBM QX5, respectively) are available since September 2017. In order to use these, the desired quantum functionality (e.g., provided in terms of a quantum circuit) has to be properly mapped so that the underlying physical constraints are satisfied—a complex task. This demands solutions to automatically and efficiently conduct this mapping process. In this paper, we propose a methodology which addresses this problem, i.e., maps the given quantum functionality to a realization which satisfies all constraints given by the architecture and, at the same time, keeps the overhead in terms of additionally required quantum gates minimal. The proposed methodology is generic, can easily be configured for similar future architectures, and is fully integrated into IBM’s SDK. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed approach clearly outperforms IBM’s own mapping solution. In fact, for many quantum circuits, the proposed approach determines a mapping to the IBM architecture within minutes, while IBM’s solution suffers from long runtimes and runs into a timeout of 1 h in several cases. As an additional benefit, the proposed approach yields mapped circuits with smaller costs (i.e., fewer additional gates are required). All implementations of the proposed methodology are publicly available at http://iic.jku. at/eda/research/ibm_qx_mapping.