Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Proton Bombardment of Silicon Semiconductors. Ionization vs Displacement Disablements.

Abstract : The bombardment of thick silicon crystalline targets by monodirectional and monoenergetic beams of 25 to 250 MeV protons is considered. By use of a proton fluence model that accounts for straggling effects, total ionization dose and silicon atom displacement density particle energy. For assumed values of total dose (1 Mrad (Si) ) and displacement( 10 to the 14th power 1-Mev-equivalent-neutrons/sq cm) levels that would disable typical semiconductors, the times required fora beam of 'reference' proton flux (10 to the 13th power protons/(sq cm) (sec) to disable such devices by each of the two mechanisms are computed. Profiles of the ratio of the two disablement times are presented as functions of incident proton energy. For the reference disablement criteria, ionization disablement is found to precede displacement-disablement. Means to scale results to other values of these criteria are noted. Plans to extend the work to cover all three of the hydrogen iostope beams are noted and the desirability of certain related experimental data is discussed. An appendix details the construction of a function assumed to represent the displacement damage coefficient. Keywords: Proton Beams; Ionization Damage; Displacement Damage; Silicon Semiconductor Targets; Straggling Effects; Semiconductor Disablement.
The Role of the Cyanobacterial Type IV Pilus Machinery in Finding and Maintaining a Favourable Environment

Type IV pili (T4P) are proteinaceous filaments found on the cell surface of many prokaryotic organisms and convey twitching motility through their extension/retraction cycles, moving cells across surfaces. In cyanobacteria, twitching motility is the sole mode of motility properly characterised to date and is the means by which cells perform phototaxis, the movement towards and away from directional light sources. The wavelength and intensity of the light source determine the direction of movement and, sometimes in concert with nutrient conditions, act as signals for some cyanobacteria to form mucoid multicellular assemblages. Formation of such aggregates or flocs represents an acclimation strategy to unfavourable environmental conditions and stresses, such as harmful light conditions or predation. T4P are also involved in natural transformation by exogenous DNA, secretion processes, and in cellular adaptation and survival strategies, further cementing the role of cell surface appendages. In this way, cyanobacteria are finely tuned by external stimuli to either escape unfavourable environmental conditions via phototaxis, exchange genetic material, and to modify their surroundings to fit their needs by forming multicellular assemblies.
The Effect of Antioxidants on Photoreactivity and Phototoxic Potential of RPE Melanolipofuscin Granules from Human Donors of Different Age

One of the most prominent age-related changes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the accumulation of melanolipofuscin granules, which could contribute to oxidative stress in the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of melanolipofuscin granules from younger and older donors to photogenerate reactive oxygen species, and to examine if natural antioxidants could modify the phototoxic potential of this age pigment. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, EPR-spin trapping, and time-resolved detection of near-infrared phosphorescence were employed for measuring photogeneration of superoxide anion and singlet oxygen by melanolipofuscin isolated from younger and older human donors. Phototoxicity mediated by internalized melanolipofuscin granules with and without supplementation with zeaxanthin and α-tocopherol was analyzed in ARPE-19 cells by determining cell survival, oxidation of cellular proteins, organization of the cell cytoskeleton, and the cell specific phagocytic activity. Supplementation with antioxidants reduced aerobic photoreactivity and phototoxicity of melanolipofuscin granules. The effect was particularly noticeable for melanolipofuscin mediated inhibition of the cell phagocytic activity. Antioxidants decreased the extent of melanolipofuscin-dependent oxidation of cellular proteins and disruption of the cell cytoskeleton. Although melanolipofuscin might be involved in chronic phototoxicity of the aging RPE, natural antioxidants could partially ameliorate these harmful effects.
DNA Methylation and Breast Cancer Risk: An Epigenome-Wide Study of Normal Breast Tissue and Blood

Simple Summary As known breast cancer risk factors do not accurately predict the risk of developing breast cancer, breast cancer screening is still based solely on age. At the interface between environmental exposures and gene expression, DNA methylation patterns are potential biomarkers for assessing breast cancer risk, thus allowing for implementation of personalized screening and risk-reducing strategies. We used a comprehensive high-throughput DNA methylation assay in an unprecedented study design of normal breast epithelial tissue to detect methylation changes that are causally related to breast cancer occurrence and replicated our analyses in two independent datasets of normal breast tissue and blood. We identified several methylation differences in cancer-related genes, some of which overlapped between normal breast tissue and blood and were reported in previous studies. Our findings warrant further investigation on novel biomarkers for identifying women that will benefit the most from breast cancer screening. Abstract Differential DNA methylation is a potential marker of breast cancer risk. Few studies have investigated DNA methylation changes in normal breast tissue and were largely confounded by cancer field effects. To detect methylation changes in normal breast epithelium that are causally associated with breast cancer occurrence, we used a nested case–control study design based on a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with a primary invasive hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Twenty patients diagnosed with a contralateral breast cancer (CBC) were matched (1:1) with 20 patients who did not develop a CBC on relevant risk factors. Differentially methylated Cytosine-phosphate-Guanines (CpGs) and regions in normal breast epithelium were identified using an epigenome-wide DNA methylation assay and robust linear regressions. Analyses were replicated in two independent sets of normal breast tissue and blood. We identified 7315 CpGs (FDR < 0.05), 52 passing strict Bonferroni correction (p < 1.22 × 10−7) and 43 mapping to known genes involved in metabolic diseases with significant enrichment (p < 0.01) of pathways involving fatty acids metabolic processes. Four differentially methylated genes were detected in both site-specific and regions analyses (LHX2, TFAP2B, JAKMIP1, SEPT9), and three genes overlapped all three datasets (POM121L2, KCNQ1, CLEC4C). Once validated, the seven differentially methylated genes distinguishing women who developed and who did not develop a sporadic breast cancer could be used to enhance breast cancer risk-stratification, and allow implementation of targeted screening and preventive strategies that would ultimately improve breast cancer prognosis.
Catalytic Performance of a Magnetic Core-Shell Iron(II) C-Scorpionate under Unconventional Oxidation Conditions

For the first time, herein is reported the use of a magnetic core-shell support for a C-scorpionate metallic complex. The prepared hybrid material, that consists on the C-scorpionate iron(II) complex [FeCl2{κ3-HC(pz)3}] (pz, pyrazolyl) immobilized at magnetic core-shell particles (Fe3O4/TiO2), was tested as catalyst for the oxidation of secondary alcohols using the model substrate 1-phenylethanol. Moreover, the application of alternative energy sources (e.g., ultrasounds, microwaves, mechanical or thermal) for the peroxidative alcohol oxidation using the magnetic heterogenized iron(II) scorpionate led to different/unusual outcomes that are presented and discussed.
Fabrication of electrochemical sensor biosystems through hexagonal boron nitride Nanosheets for extraction lead in human serum

In recent years have seen a surge of increased interest in the exfoliation of boron nitride (h-BN) due to its exciting electrical, thermal, photonics mechanical properties and sensing. Several approach to have emerged describing the exfoliation, functionalized and solubilization of h-BN. In this study, we report on a straightforward approach to modify the surface and its application as a new type of biomedical applications. The prepared product is structurally characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, field emission (FESEM), TGA technique, XPS spectrum, and BET surface area measurements. Nano- composites were immobilized on electrodes to detect the glucose, L-cysteine in buffer medium by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and impedance spectroscopic (EIS). potential application of the covalent functionalization, cheap precursors, biodegradability and multifunctionality of high-performance composites boron nitride, they could be used for a wide range of the future biomedical applications.
Pengaruh Promosi, Harga, Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang Belanja Online Shopee

This study aims to analyze the effect of promotion, price, and service quality on repurchase decisions. The population in this study were all students of the University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who made a decision to buy back online shopping through shopee. The sampling technique was purposive random sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. Data collection techniques in this study used primary data using questionnaires. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis showed that promotion, price, and service quality had a positive effect on repurchase decisions. It is recommended in further research to add other independent variables that influence the level of repurchase decisions.
Personal Determinants of Volunteering for Former International Volunteers: A Case of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers

Abstract The present study examines values and personality traits as personal determinants of volunteering among former Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCVs). A total of 228 former JOCVs, who participated in a two-year internationalvolunteering program approximately ten years ago, completed an online survey about what their days of volunteering had contributed over the previous year across ten domains of volunteer activities: values (Self-transcendence and Openness-to-change), personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism), and socioeconomic status (age, sex, marital status, personal income, household income, and work hours). Results show that the former JOCVs with higher levels of Openness-to-change contributed more days of volunteering in domains of education and international development. On the other hand, Self-transcendence, which conceptually overlaps with altruism and is well known to predict volunteering, had no association with volunteering in any domains. Furthermore, higher Extroversion and lower Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were moderately related to volunteering. Our findings suggest that civil society organizations may benefit from soliciting former JOCVs’ contributions by emphasizing the change-making aspects of volunteering to match their values.
Climate Effects on Prey Vulnerability Modify Expectations of Predator Responses to Short- and Long-Term Climate Fluctuations

Climate changes affect the distribution and abundance of organisms, often via changes in species interactions. Most animals experience predation, and a number of models have investigated how climate fluctuations can influence predator–prey dynamics by affecting prey abundance through changes in resource availability. However, field studies have shown that prey vulnerability is a key feature determining the outcome of predator–prey interactions, which also varies with climatic conditions, via changes in prey body condition or in habitat characteristics (e.g. vegetation cover). In this theoretical work, we explore, with large mammals of African savannas in mind, how the interplay between climate-induced changes in prey abundance and climate-induced changes in prey vulnerability affects the immediate and long-term responses of predator populations. We account for prey body condition and habitat effects on prey vulnerability to predation. We show that predictions on how predator abundance responds to climate fluctuations differ depending on how climate influences prey vulnerability (habitat characteristics vs. prey body condition). We discuss how species traits influence the relative importance of the different sources of vulnerability. For example, our results suggest that populations of cursorial predators (such as spotted hyaenas) are expected to fare better than populations of ambush predators (such as African lions) in African ecosystems that will be characterised by an aridification. This study highlights the importance of understanding, and accounting for, the vulnerability factors associated to a given predator–prey pair, and improves our comprehension of predator–prey relationships in a changing climate.
Advances on Plant Ubiquitylome—From Mechanism to Application

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins enable modulation of their structure, function, localization and turnover. To date, over 660 PTMs have been reported, among which, reversible PTMs are regarded as the key players in cellular signaling. Signaling mediated by PTMs is faster than re-initiation of gene expression, which may result in a faster response that is particularly crucial for plants due to their sessile nature. Ubiquitylation has been widely reported to be involved in many aspects of plant growth and development and it is largely determined by its target protein. It is therefore of high interest to explore new ubiquitylated proteins/sites to obtain new insights into its mechanism and functions. In the last decades, extensive protein profiling of ubiquitylation has been achieved in different plants due to the advancement in ubiquitylated proteins (or peptides) affinity and mass spectrometry techniques. This obtained information on a large number of ubiquitylated proteins/sites helps crack the mechanism of ubiquitylation in plants. In this review, we have summarized the latest advances in protein ubiquitylation to gain comprehensive and updated knowledge in this field. Besides, the current and future challenges and barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
C. elegans Mediator 15 permits low temperature-induced longevity via regulation of lipid and protein homeostasis

Low temperatures slow aging and extend lifespan in many organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the metabolic and homeostatic aspects of low temperature-induced longevity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that changes in lipid composition regulated by MDT-15/Mediator 15, transcriptional co-regulator, is essential for low temperature-induced longevity and proteostasis in C. elegans. We find that inhibition of mdt-15 prevents animals from living long at low temperatures. We show that MDT-15 up-regulates fat-7, a fatty acid desaturase, at low temperatures, which increases the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. We further demonstrate that maintaining this increased fatty acid ratio is essential for protein homeostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Thus, the homeostasis of lipid composition by MDT-15 appears to be a limiting factor for C. elegans proteostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of fat regulation in maintaining normal organismal physiology under different environmental conditions.
Hazard Recognition Patterns Demonstrated by Construction Workers

Construction workers fail to recognize a large number of safety hazards. These unrecognized safety hazards can lead to unintended hazard exposure and tragic safety incidents. Unfortunately, traditional hazard recognition interventions (e.g., job hazard analyses and safety training) have been unable to tackle the industry-wide problem of poor hazard recognition levels. In fact, emerging evidence has demonstrated that traditional hazard recognition interventions have been designed without a proper understanding of the challenges workers experience during hazard recognition efforts. Interventions and industry-wide efforts designed based on a more thorough understanding of these challenges can yield substantial benefits—including superior hazard recognition levels and lower injury rates. Towards achieving this goal, the current investigation focused on identifying hazard categories that workers are more proficient in recognizing and others that they are less proficient in recognizing (i.e., hazard recognition patterns). For the purpose of the current study, hazards were classified on the basis of the energy source per Haddon’s energy release theory (e.g., gravity, motion, electrical, chemical, etc.). As part of the study, 287 workers representing 57 construction workplaces in the United States were engaged in a hazard recognition activity. Apart from confirming previous research findings that workers fail to recognize a disproportionate number of safety hazards, the results demonstrate that the workers are more proficient in recognizing certain hazard types. More specifically, the workers on average recognized roughly 47% of the safety hazards in the gravity, electrical, motion, and temperature hazard categories while only recognizing less than 10% of the hazards in the pressure, chemical, and radiation hazard categories. These findings can inform the development of more robust interventions and industry-wide initiatives to tackle the issue of poor hazard recognition levels in the construction industry.
Heritability and Environmental Correlation of Phase Angle with Anthropometric Measurements: A Twin Study

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) is a valuable parameter to assess physical health. However, the genetic and environmental aspects of PhA are not yet well understood. The present study aimed to estimate the heritability of PhA and investigate the relationships between PhA and anthropometric measurements. PhA and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were examined using multi-frequency BIA in 168 Japanese twin volunteers (54 males and 114 females; mean age = 61.0 ± 16.5 years). We estimated the narrow-sense heritability of these parameters and the genetic and environmental relationships between them using a genetic twin modeling. For the PhA, 51% (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.64) of the variance was explained by additive genetic effects, and 49% (95% confidence interval: 0.36, 0.67) was explained by unique environmental effects. The heritability of PhA was lower than the height, body weight, and body mass index. PhA shared almost no genetic variation with anthropometric measurements and SMI but shared an environmental variation (14%) with SMI. These findings suggest that the genes affecting PhA are different than those affecting anthropometric measurements and SMI. The correlation between PhA and SMI is caused by common environmental factors.
Contemporary Issues in Global Market: Analysis on Handicraft Industry in Vietnam

Handicraft is an important heritage that symbolise identity of a culture and country, which also brings economic values to nation. Hence it is crucial to study handicraft industry, which preserve and promote cultural heritage. This study focuses on handicraft industry in Vietnam, and strives to examine the external environment that shape the performance of industry, to analyse the current industry competition, and well as propose recommendations to practitioners. PEST Analysis was employed to examine external environment of handicraft industry in Vietnam. Next, Porter’s Five Forces Framework was used to analyse the industry competition. Lastly, VRIO Framework was used to assess the competitiveness of Vietnam handicraft industry. Implications of study were discussed and recommendations are provided to market practitioners.
Classification Models for Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease within a Secondary Prevention Program

La perdida de la funcion renal tiene repercusiones significativas en la salud y en la vida de los pacientes. Con el uso de herramientas estadisticas es posible mejorar el conocimiento de la enfermedad y predecir el comportamiento de esta en cada paciente, haciendo viable prevenir etapas terminales e incluso permitiendo salvar vidas. En este trabajo se combinan tecnicas estadisticas con conocimiento medico en nefrologia para obtener una herramienta que ayude a los medicos a tratar y a tomar decisiones sobre sus pacientes. Para este fin, se tomo un conjunto de pacientes que pertenecen a un programa de prevencion secundaria que trata de evitar la llegada a fases avanzadas de la enfermedad renal cronica y, primero, se desarrollo una estrategia estadistica en la que inicialmente se describio y preparo la base de datos. Despues, se formaron grupos de pacientes y se ajustaron algunos modelos de clasificacion para analizar las particiones. Finalmente, se realizo una estimacion de la trayectoria futura de los pacientes. Encontramos un buen desempeno de los modelos de clasificacion, con hasta el 90% de buena clasificacion, ademas, la estimacion de la trayectoria futura dio resultados confiables, incluso en pacientes en los que el modelo no se habia entrenado. Finalmente, se creo una herramienta interactiva para permitir el uso real de los resultados de este trabajo en la practica clinica diaria.
Layer-engineered large-area exfoliation of graphene

A layer-engineered exfoliation approach allows us to obtain millimeter-size graphene and control the number of layers. The competition between quality and productivity has been a major issue for large-scale applications of two-dimensional materials (2DMs). Until now, the top-down mechanical cleavage method has guaranteed pure perfect 2DMs, but it has been considered a poor option in terms of manufacturing. Here, we present a layer-engineered exfoliation technique for graphene that not only allows us to obtain large-size graphene, up to a millimeter size, but also allows selective thickness control. A thin metal film evaporated on graphite induces tensile stress such that spalling occurs, resulting in exfoliation of graphene, where the number of exfoliated layers is adjusted by using different metal films. Detailed spectroscopy and electron transport measurement analysis greatly support our proposed spalling mechanism and fine quality of exfoliated graphene. Our layer-engineered exfoliation technique can pave the way for the development of a manufacturing-scale process for graphene and other 2DMs in electronics and optoelectronics.