Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Formaldehyde Disinfectant on Compressive Strength of Dental Stone (Type IV)

Aims : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of 2% formaldehyde on compressive strength of dental stone (type IV), and to evaluate its antibacterial effect. Materials and methods: To study the effect of 2% formaldehyde on compressive strength of dental stone (type IV), ten samples of stone were prepared in cylindrical blocks and divided into two groups, each group contain of (5) samples. First group composed of stone and distilled water as (control group) and the second group composed of stone and (2%) formaldehyde solution. after (1h) the samples were tested for compressive strength using digital compression ma-chine(ALFA Company, Turkey). To study the bacterial effect of formaldehyde 60 stone discs prepared and mixed with formaldehyde 2% divided into 12 group (each group consist of 5 discs) and stored for different intervals between 1-12 days, antibacterial effect against salivary sample for each interval day using disc diffusion test. Results : The statistical analysis of data by analysis of t-test reveals significant different in compressive strength between control group and stone-2% formaldehyde group at (P<0.05). The result showed that second group which contains 2%formaldehydehad higher values compared with control group. Also the results showed that the antibacterial effect of stone-formaldehyde discs continued till 12thday. Conclusions : Adding 2% formaldehyde as chemical disinfectant to dental stone increase the compressive strength in addition of the antibacterial activity of stone - formaldehyde disc continued till 12th day.
Production of bifunctional proteins by Aspergillus awamori

In this review we will focus on the current status and views concerning the production of antibody fragments and antibody fusion proteins by yeasts and filamentous fungi. We will focus on single-chain antibody fragment production (scFv and VHH) by these lower eukaryotes and the possible applications of these proteins. Also the coupling of fragments to relevant enzymes or other components will be discussed. As an example of the fusion protein strategy, the “Magic Bullet” approach for industrial applications will be highlighted.
Levantamento populacional e análise faunística de lepidoptera em Eucalyptus spp. no município de Pinheiro Machado, RS

The objective of this research was to collect, to study and to characterize the fauna of lepidopterous associated with Eucalyptus spp. , plantation in the Municipality of Pinheiro Machado, in RS state. In the period of October 2005 to October 2007, every 15 days, collections of insects were accomplished with three light traps. After selection and transfixion procedures, the lepidopterous were identified based on entomological collections and specialized literature. Two thousand and twenty individuals belonging to 14 families, 106 genera and 220 species were collected. The families with the highest number of species collected were: Noctuidae (59), Geometridae (30), Arctiidae (28) and Saturniidae (14). According to the fauna classification the most species were considered not dominant, uncommon, rare and accidental. Among the species identified, there were some whose larvae are defoliators of the eucalypts: Oxydia agliata , (Geometridae), Sarsina violascens (Lymantriidae), Automeris illustris , Eacles imperialis magnifica and Lonomia obliqua (Saturniidae), which needs to have their populations monitored.
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of NAA-Pulse Treated Plumular Leaf Explants of Cowpea

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an economically important grain legume crop and is an important source of dietary protein in many of the developing countries. The present study reports the effect of pulse treatment duration, concentration of NAA and presence of NAA in the culture medium on shoot regeneration from plumular leaf explant of Turkish cowpea cv. ‘Akkiz’ and ‘Karagoz’. Pulse treatment of mature embryos with 20 mg l -1 NAA for 1 and 3 weeks followed by culturing of plumular leaf explant on MS medium containing 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 BAP with 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg l -1 NAA promoted somatic embryogenesis in both cultivars. Longer duration of pulse treatment was deleterious resulting in browning and consequently death of the embryos on explants. Pulse treatment with 20 mg l -1 NAA for one week was less deleterious and developed two plantlets after the explants were transferred to MS0 medium after 6 weeks through somatic embryogenesis in cv. ‘Akkiz’. Pulse treatment with 10 mg l -1 NAA for 1 week showed 33.33-50.00 % and 25.00-50.00% shoot regeneration frequency in cv. ‘Akkiz’ and ‘Karagoz’ respectively on MS medium containing 0.25-1.00 mg l -1 BAP. Maximum number of 2.50 shoots each per explant were recorded in cv. ‘Akkiz’ and ‘Karagoz’ on MS medium containing 1.00 and 0.50 mg l -1 BAP respectively. Contrarily, maximum shoot length of 8.98 cm of cv. ‘and 9.42 cm of cv. ‘Karagoz’ was recorded on MS medium containing 0.50 mg l -1 BAP and 1.00 mg l -1 BAP respectively. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.5 mg l -1 IBA
Effect of temperature on the reproductive biology of Peristenus spretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a biological control agent of the plant bug Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the plant bug Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae), has been studied for use in augmentative biological control in China. Under laboratory conditions, we explored the development, survival, age-specific and potential lifetime fecundity, oviposition period and progeny sex ratio of P. spretus reared at six constant temperatures (15°C, 19°C, 23°C, 27°C, 31°C, 35°C) on the second instar nymphs of A. lucorum. At 15°C, male and female P. spretus took 48.7 ± 0.3 and 52.5 ± 0.3 days to complete their immature development, while developmental time was reduced by more than half at 23°C and 27°C. The parasitoid can only develop to the larval stage at 31°C and neither larva nor pupa survived at 35°C. The estimated lower developmental threshold of the immature stage was 7.3°C. When parasitoid adults were exposed at 15°C, females laid 90% of their eggs at first 19 days of oviposition and had an extended reproductive life. In contrast, females held at 27°C laid most of their eggs (90%) in their first of 10 days of oviposition and had shorter longevity. The highest potential lifetime fecundity of P. spretus was 671.2 ± 34.7 SE eggs produced over 23.4 ± 1.4 SE days at 23°C. At 15°C, 19°C and 23°C, sex ratios of reared parasitoids were male-biased, but at 27°C there was no male bias.
Critical Habitats and Stock Assessment: Age-Specific Bias in the Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Population Survey

AbstractPopulation surveys used in stock assessments often ignore habitats that are difficult to sample under the assumption that these habitats harbor an inconsequential fraction of the population. We tested this assumption for the Chesapeake Bay population of blue crab Callinectes sapidus, which numbers in the hundreds of millions, supports one of the world's most productive crustacean fisheries, and is managed based on a rigorous stock assessment. The stock assessments rely on a baywide winter dredge survey (WDS), which produces an absolute estimate of abundance for age-1 and older crabs. Although the WDS does not sample waters shallower than 1.5 m deep, where some age-0 crabs overwinter, it has been assumed that abundance in these shallow habitats is not substantial. We sampled vegetated and nonvegetated shallow-water habitats not sampled by the WDS at four locations in lower Chesapeake Bay in February-April 2011. Age-0 density in shallow vegetated habitats was about two orders of magnitude higher tha.
Improved experimental protocols to evaluate cold tolerance thresholds in Miscanthus and switchgrass rhizomes

This study investigates protocols to evaluate cold tolerance thresholds for overwintering rhizomes of perennial bioenergy grasses. Protocols examined include the temperature at which ice formation occurs, cooling rate, incubation time at the treatment temperature, and the electrolyte leakage (EL) method to assess mortality thresholds. Using these protocols, we assessed low temperature injury in two genotypes of Miscanthus and two genotypes of lowland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Ice formed near −1 C in the rhizomes cooled at 1 C h−1, but at variable temperatures at cooling rates of 3 and 5 C h−1. Rhizome temperature followed chamber temperature at a cooling rate of 1 C h−1, whereas at faster cooling rates, there was a lag in rhizome temperature that affected treatment exposure time. A 1 C h−1 cooling rate is thus suitable. In rhizomes incubated for <4 h at the treatment temperature, EL values were variable, while there was no change in EL when samples were incubated 4–20 h. A continuous, steady rate of cooling at 1 C h−1 demonstrated the Miscanthus and lowland switchgrass varieties exhibited lethal levels of electrolyte leakage below −6 C. Continuous cooling does not allow for subzero acclimation and reflects thermal tolerances of sampled tissue in situ. To allow for maximum acclimation at subzero temperatures, a prolonged, staged‐cooling procedure was adopted. This procedure showed diploid Miscanthus rhizomes could acclimate and adjust their tolerance limit to −12 C, while a triploid Illinois line showed little acclimation and was still killed below −6 C.
The dynamics of a recovering fish stock: Georges Bank herring

Melvin, G. D. , and Stephenson, R. L. 2007. The dynamics of a recovering fish stock: Georges Bank herring - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 69-82.The decline and subsequent recovery of Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) provides a rare opportunity to examine the dynamics of a recovering fish population. Moreover, the near absence of a commercial fishery on Georges Bank between 1978 and 1995 removes the confounding effects of exploitation during the recovery period. Herring abundance on Georges Bank increased and the distribution of adult spawning fish evolved from a few isolated locations to most of the northern fringe during the period 1983-1995. The distribution of recently hatched larvae also expanded in a manner consistent with progressive occupation of historical spawning grounds. Changes in the size composition and age structure of herring during the spawning season broadened from the dominance of a single age class to multiple year classes as the stock recovered and expanded. Growth, as reflected by length-at-age, decreased significantly and was correlated with the number of fish estimated to be in the stock. This and the observed difference in mean length and length at first spawning during the recovery provide strong evidence of density-dependent growth. In particular, there is a highly correlated (p<0.01) relationship between the number of 4+ herring in the stock at the start of the year and the mean length of herring aged 3 recruiting to the spawning stock in autumn of the same year. A mechanism based on an extended period of prespawning interaction is proposed to explain the density-dependence.
Confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Roberts

Se presenta una investigacion cuyos objetivos son revisar la confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Ideacion Suicida de Roberts y el punto de corte conveniente para registrar la presencia de ideacion suicida. Metodo: A una muestra no aleatoria de 200 hombres (42%) y 276 mujeres (58%), estudiantes del ciclo escolar 2012-2 del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades plantel Vallejo, se les aplico el instrumento para la Evaluacion de Ideacion Suicida en Jovenes, integrado por tres secciones; Identificacion personal, Constructos psicologicos e Ideacion Suicida. Se registro la confiabilidad, la validez factorial, convergente y predictiva de la Escala de Ideacion Suicida. Y se identifico el punto de corte adecuado de la escala por medio del registro de sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: Confiabilidad de . 76, validez factorial con agrupacion de reactivos en un factor, varianza explicada total del 63.4 %; porcentajes adecuados de pronostico al grupo de pertenencia; 70 % al 90 %. Correlacion positiva con variables psicologicas y de identificacion personal asociadas generalmente a la presencia de ideacion suicida. Identificacion de punto de corte correspondiente a la + 5 DE . Conclusiones: La Escala de Ideacion Suicida de Roberts es una opcion adecuada para el registro de la presencia de ideacion suicida, pero se requiere corroborar los resultados encontrados en investigaciones posteriores. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-MX X-NONE X-NONE
Changes in a coral reef fishery along a gradient of fishing pressure in an Indonesian marine protected area

1. Human population growth, rising incomes, and increased commercialization of marine resources promote demand for reef fish, yet few studies in Indonesia have examined how artisanal fisheries are influenced by the socio-cultural conditions that contribute to their exploitation. This study examined artisanal fisheries of Karimunjawa National Park, Java, to understand how the condition of an artisanal fishery was related to socio-cultural factors, along a gradient in fishing pressure. 2. A total of 8674 fishes landed in Karimunjawa by fishers using four artisanal fishing gears were examined to understand how the condition of the artisanal fishery (standard and infinite fish length, trophic level and weight) related to fishing gear use, village fishing grounds, management, human population size, human population density and estimated fishing pressure. 3. Depletion in fish lengths and trophic structure were found at or above 46 fishing trips day(-1)km(-2), suggesting that fishing pressure is a key factor driving fishery catch structure. When catch characteristics were examined in relation to the fishing pressure estimates from each village, negative correlations were found between inshore fishing pressure (no. trips day(-1)km(-2)) and all four fish catch characteristics, but owing to small sample sizes (n=5), only the effects on trophic level were significant. 4. Fishery closures had limited impact on fish characteristics, and lack of any effect of spatial controls on fishing also supports the notion that fishing pressure and the types of fishing gears used, most likely driven by human population densities, are the greatest drivers of reef fish catch characteristics in the Karimunjawa fishery. 5. In the absence of support for fishery closures from local fishing communities or adequate enforcement of fishery closures, targeted gear or species management strategies that limit impacts on large-bodied fish and aim to conserve key species may be more effective in improving the size and trophic structure of fish populations.
Incorporating wood quality and deployment traits in Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens

Breeding of E. globulus and E. nitens has evolved from focusing mostly on growth and survival to stressing the importance of wood quality. This shift attempts to align breeding programs with the economic objectives of forest companies. The past decade has seen the development of economic models to formalize breeding objectives, sampling strategies that allow the study of the genetic architecture of wood properties and the popularization of BLUP for genetic evaluation. Future research will put a strong emphasis on wood quality traits, especially for solid wood products. It will also need to deal with compatibility between alternative objectives and will revisit the role of propagation in breeding and deployment. Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Carolyn A. Raymond, State Forests of NSW, Technology and Services, (R&D, PO Box 46 Tumut NSW 2720, Australia. E-mail: carolynr@sf.nsw. gov.au Carolyn A. Raymond & Luis A. Apiolaza 88
Role of the oligodendrocytic connexin47 in CNS myelination

Oligodendrocytic coupling in CNS white matter iii Acknowledgments I sincerely thank Prof. Dr. H. Kettenmann for giving me the opportunity to work at this project and for his supervision, in particular for making me grow as a scientist; Prof. Dr. K. Willecke for his precious contribution to a project which was originally born from an idea of Dr. B. Uhlenberg; and my special friend and previous collegue Dr. B. Haas for her unique supervision when I moved my first steps in the lab, for her help along the past years and for her friendship; last but not least for carefully proof reading this thesis. I thank my great collaborator Oliver Tress, who generated the Cx47M282T mutant mice, for all the motivating scientific (and not) discussions along the way. Thanks also to him the connexins world became clearer and clearer every day of the last four years. Meier for advices on immunohistochemistry and life, with him I became more and more self confident as a scientist. Thanks to Dr. R. Jüttner for his patience and advices with electrophysiology, but in particular for proof reading up to the smallest detail my thesis. I would like to thanks Dr. C. Nolte for her help when I was lost in oligodendrocytic markers immunohistochemistry (one can really get lost! ) and for the german translation of the summary text; Dr. C. Eichhorn for her help with statistic. Many thanks go to Karin Heufelder and Simone Röthkegel for their efficient help in genotyping all the mouse lines used in this study. I am grateful for financial and academic support to the International Graduate Program Medical Neuroscience at the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and to the Graduiertenkollegs GRK 1258 Neuroinflammation; for helpful administrative assistance to our super-special Birgit Jarchow, without her the lab would not run so smoothly. I am thankful for all my former and present colleagues, in particular to Stefanie Seifert and Gretje Tessmann for supporting me during the bad and good times. A special thank to Andreas Lutter for walking by my side during such a stressful time, without forgetting his help with the AxioVision software. Finally, this thesis is for my sister and my mother, for their love and constant support along the way.
Population Structure of the Florida Softshell Turtle, Apalone ferox, in a Protected Ecosystem, Wekiwa Springs State Park, Florida

Abstract The Florida softshell turtle, Apalone ferox (Schneider 1783) is considered common and easily visible in many freshwater habitats throughout its range. However, very little population research has been completed on the species due to difficulties associated with capture and long-term marking. We have conducted a mark–recapture study of this species since 2007 as part of a long-term freshwater turtle population monitoring program at Wekiwa Springs State Park, Apopka, Florida. From 2007 to 2012 we captured 56 individual Florida softshell turtles with 101 total captures. The male∶female ratio was 1∶2.6 and females were larger than males. Population estimates were 92 adults and 49 juveniles with a total estimate of 141 Florida softshell turtles in the 2.67-ha study site. Our data from a protected population centrally located within the species range provide a baseline for comparison to other populations.
Ontogenetic changes in the diet of early post-settlement Scarus species (Pisces: Scaridae)

Ontogenetic changes in the diet of early post-settlement Scarus species are described, based on analyses of intestinal contents. There is a marked change-over from carnivory to herbivory. Newly settled individuals feed on Crustacea, primarily harpacticoid nauplii and adults, whilst larger juveniles almost exclusively ingest algae and sand. In comparison, the diets of recentlysettled Acanthuridae, Siganidae and Pomacanthidae were found to be almost exclusively herbivorous.
Estimating Diabrotica virgifera virgifera damage functions with field trial data: applying an unbalanced nested error component model

We apply the double‐nested unbalanced panel data model developed by Antweiler [J. Econometrics 101 (2001) 295] to estimate a damage function for western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) using commonly available field data. These data are from experiments collecting maize yields and measures of maize root injury due to rootworm larval feeding for different treatments, with multiple replicates at many locations over several years, which creates nested panel data. The nested panel becomes unbalanced when the number of replicates, locations or years of data differs during the course of the study. We use Antweiler’s (2001) method to estimate damage functions with data from four irrigated locations in northern Italy from 2006 to 2008 and from four dryland locations in the state of Illinois from 2005 to 2007 to predict the expected percentage of yield lost based on the observed node injury scale of Oleson et al. [J. Econ. Entomol. 98 (2005) 1]. Estimated coefficients imply that a one unit difference in the node injury scale is on average associated with a 17.9% yield loss for the Illinois locations and a 2.9% loss for the locations in Italy. We attribute the lower yield loss for the Italian locations to the use of irrigation. Estimated variance components were relatively large, indicating the tremendous variability in losses observed for plots with similar node injury scale differences. Given the large variation in observed yield losses and the large estimated random effects, the damage function is more appropriate for larger‐scale, longer‐term estimates of yield loss from the western corn rootworm rather than for field‐scale estimates. These estimates are the first damage function estimates for the node injury scale in maize and should be considered preliminary, an initial baseline for comparison and refinement as additional data are collected and analysed in the US and Europe.
Model prediction for sensory attributes of nongluten pasta

Response surface methodology was used to predict sensory attributes of a nongluten pasta and develop response surface plots to help visualize the optimum region. Optimum regions ofxanthan gum, modified starch, and locust bean gum were selected by overlapping the contour plots of sensory properties of nongluten pasta as compared with the control pasta. The formula of nongluten pasta that possessed the most desirable properties was xanthan gum at 40 g, modified starch at 35 g, locust bean gum at 40 g, tapioca starch at 113 g, potato starch at 57 g, corn flour at 250 g, and rice flour at 50 g. The quality of nongluten pasta could be improved by using different levels of nongluten starches and flours, and nonstarch polysaccharides. Basee sur la methode de la surface de reponse, cette etude montre que la qualite des pâtes sans gluten peut etre amelioree en utilisant differentes teneurs d'amidons et de farines sans gluten et de polysaccharides sans amidon. La gomme xanthane, l'amidon modifie et la farine de caroube ont des effets significatifs sur les caracteristiques sensorielles des pâtes.
Long-term responses of magnesium-deficient "Shamouti" orange trees to magnesium application

En este trabajo se estudio el efecto de aplicaciones foliares de Mg sobre la concentracion de este elemento en las hojas y sobre los rendimientos, en naranjos (Citrus sinensis) ? Shamouti? , historicamente con bajas concentraciones de magnesio foliar durante seis anos. Con este proposito, aplicaciones de cloruro de magnesio al suelo se realizaron en bandas de 35 cm de ancho bajo el follaje del arbol o a traves del sistema de riego por dos anos consecutivos, mientras que nitrato de magnesio se aplico anualmente como aspersion foliar. La aplicacion de magnesio en banda aumento la concentracion foliar en un 0,2% y se mantuvo en un rango satisfactorio por tres anos. Una aspersion foliar aplicada anualmente a partir del tercer ano en adelante, ademas de aplicaciones en el suelo, mantuvieron el contenido de magnesio foliar dentro de un rango optimo. La produccion promedio y la produccion en el sexto ano fue mayor con una combinacion de aplicaciones de magnesio en el suelo y foliar que en el control sin fertilizar. Una vez que las concentraciones del magnesio disminuyen a niveles deficitarios, el arbol requiere de un largo tiempo para recuperarse; por lo tanto, los productores deberian mantener los niveles magnesio dentro del rango optimo.