Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forward vehicle detection method based on geometric constraint and multi-feature fusion

Vehicle detection is still a challenging task for intelligent vehicle platform. Real-time requirements and vehicle posture changes, illumination conditions, occlusion levels are the main difficulties. To handle these difficulties, a new algorithm for vehicle detection is proposed. A region of interest for an image is obtained by using the improved geometric constraints algorithm, and then the integral images are used to accelerate the feature extraction process within the region of interest. Finally, Multi-feature fusion algorithm is performed based on the confidence scores of the Gentle Adaboost classifications that are trained by Haar-like feature, HOG feature and LBP feature respectively. In the testing phase, the three confidence scores of the classifier are used to determine the classification results. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the detection time effectively and improve the accuracy of vehicle detection.
Underwater Image De-nosing using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Pre-Whitening Filter

Image denoising and improvement are essential processes in many underwater applications. Various scientific studies, including marine science and territorial defence, require underwater exploration. When it occurs underwater, noise power spectral density is inconsistent within a certain range of frequency, and the noise autocorrelation function is not a delta function. Therefore, underwater noise is characterised as coloured noise. In this study, a novel image denoising technique is proposed using discrete wavelet transform with different basis functions and a whitening filter, which converts coloured noise characteristics to white noise prior to the denoising process. Results of the proposed method depend on the following performance measures: peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error. The results of different wavelet bases, such as Debauchies, biorthogonal and symlet, indicate that the denoising process that uses a pre-whitening filter produces more prominent images and better PSNR values than other methods.
Modeling and Register Control of the Speed-Up Phase in Roll-to-Roll Printing Systems

High precision register controls are indispensable in roll-to-roll (R2R) printing systems for mass manufacturing. In R2R printing systems, each gravure cylinder is driven by an individual motor and guiding rolls distributed between two adjacent gravure cylinders are driven by the tension of their wrapped web. In the speed-up phase, tension fluctuations caused by torque balance of guiding rolls generate register errors in each printing unit. Therefore, it is a challenging issue to design a control method to reduce the register errors. In this paper, a mechanical model of R2R printing systems in the speed-up phase is developed based on the principle of mass conservation and torque balance. A model-based feed-forward proportion-derivative controller is designed to reduce the register errors caused by the tension fluctuations. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation and experiments carried out on an industrial rotogravure printing press. A comparison with other control methods especially a well-tuned proportion differential control which is widely adopted by printing presses shows that the absolute maximum register error is drastically reduced and the average register error is greatly decreased by the proposed method. The results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method. Note to Practitioners—This paper presents control strategy for the speed-up phase in R2R printing system, particularly for printing systems with electronic line shafts. Few existing systematic research is relevant with the speed-up phase in the R2R printing system. This paper analyses the relationship of the register error and the web tension fluctuations between two adjacent gravure cylinders which are driven by the guiding rolls, then proposes the control strategy based on the identification of the acceleration of guiding rolls. The proposed method can be extended to other similar R2R systems. Simulation and industrial experiments suggest that the control method is feasible and has superior performance compared with the existing methods. In the future research, we will study the adaptive model representing the acceleration of guiding rolls in different R2R web systems.
Research on the Monitoring System of CNC Grinding Process Based on Acoustic Emission

Using on-line monitoring during the CNC grinding process,the hazard case such as the crushing of grinding wheel and various safety accidents could be avoided,and the optimum time for dressing and replacing grinding wheel could also be determined,and hence,the service life of the grinding wheel could be prolonged and grinding quality could be improved. To overcome the limitation of some traditional techniques in which some parameters including the grinding power and force,torque and so on were monitored,the acoustic emission (AE) technique,which provides high sensitivity and responding speed,were developed in the present paper. The mechanism of AE during grinding was reviewed. Moreover,a virtual AE monitoring system,which could monitor the grinding state under different working conditions during the grinding,has been developed based on the Virtual Instruments technique. Some experiments were also performed on the internal grinder. The results showed that the AE signals became stronger with increasing the main shaft speed and grinding depth or decreasing the distance between the AE sensor and grinding area.
Low-Altitude UAV-Based Internet of Things Services: Comprehensive Survey and Future Perspectives

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, have attracted a lot of attention, since they represent a new potential market. Along with the maturity of the technol- ogy and relevant regulations, a worldwide deployment of these UAVs is expected. Thanks to the high mobility of drones, they can be used to provide a lot of applications, such as service delivery, pollution mitigation, farming, and in the rescue operations. Due to its ubiquitous usability, the UAV will play an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) vision, and it may become the main key enabler of this vision. While these UAVs would be deployed for specific objectives (e.g., service delivery), they can be, at the same time, used to offer new IoT value-added services when they are equipped with suitable and remotely controllable machine type communications (MTCs) devices (i.e., sensors, cameras, and actuators). However, deploying UAVs for the envisioned purposes cannot be done before overcoming the relevant challenging issues. These challenges comprise not only technical issues, such as phys- ical collision, but also regulation issues as this nascent technology could be associated with problems like breaking the privacy of people or even use it for illegal operations like drug smuggling. Providing the communication to UAVs is another challenging issue facing the deployment of this technology. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the UAVs and the related issues will be introduced. In addition, our envisioned UAV-based architec- ture for the delivery of UAV-based value-added IoT services from the sky will be introduced, and the relevant key challenges and requirements will be presented.
Identification and Classification of Plastic Resins using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

In this paper, an automated system is presented for identification and separation of plastic resins based on near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. For identification and separation among resins, a "Two-Filter" identification method is proposed that is capable to distinguish among polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). Through surveying effects of parameters such as surface contamination, sample thickness, label and cap existence, it was obvious that the "Two-Filter" method has a high efficiency in identification of resins. It is shown that accurate identification and separation of five major resins can be obtained through calculating the relative reflectance at two wavelengths in the NIR region. Keywords—Identification, Near Infrared, Plastic, Separation, Spectroscopy
Calculation of Weibull strength parameters and Batdorf flow-density constants for volume- and surface-flaw-induced fracture in ceramics

The calculation of shape and scale parameters of the two-parameter Weibull distribution is described using the least-squares analysis and maximum likelihood methods for volume- and surface-flaw-induced fracture in ceramics with complete and censored samples. Detailed procedures are given for evaluating 90 percent confidence intervals for maximum likelihood estimates of shape and scale parameters, the unbiased estimates of the shape parameters, and the Weibull mean values and corresponding standard deviations. Furthermore, the necessary steps are described for detecting outliers and for calculating the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit statistics and 90 percent confidence bands about the Weibull distribution. It also shows how to calculate the Batdorf flaw-density constants by uing the Weibull distribution statistical parameters. The techniques described were verified with several example problems, from the open literature, and were coded. The techniques described were verified with several example problems from the open literature, and were coded in the Structural Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation (SCARE) design program.
The influence of the number of fractions, overall treatment time and field size on the local control of cancer of the skin.

In 1963, before Ellis (1971) introduced the NSD concept, we started a clinical study on four different fractionation schedules in patients with cancer of the skin, irradiated with X rays, to check the validity of the Strandqvist line within and beyond the overall time limits of his observations. The postirradiation reactions and the results were compared with the reaction of skin lesions treated with our standard fractionation schedule of 50–51 Gy in 17 fractions in 23 days. The first step was to establish the iso-effective single dose. We started with 22 Gy. The skin reaction after this dose was definitely milder than in patients treated with 50 Gy in 17 fractions.
Room-temperature gelcasting of alumina with a water-soluble copolymer

A novel and simple method for gelcasting of alumina was developed using a nontoxic and water-soluble copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride (commercially called Isobam). In this method, there is requirement of only a small amount of Isobam (0.3 wt%) and neither initiators nor dispersants are needed for preparation and gelation of a 50 vol% solids loaded alumina slurry. The gelation rate increased with increasing solids loading but decreased with increasing Isobam content. A typical gelation time was 38 min for the slurry containing 50 vol% solids loading and 0.3 wt% Isobam. The resultant wet gel was strong enough to allow reversible bending and twisting. This simple gelling system is attractive for wet forming of ceramics because only a single additive, which acts as both dispersant and gelling agent at room temperature in air, is used.
Micro-cantilever thermal infrared detector with carbon nanotubes

The thermal deflection theoretical model of a piezoresistive composite micro-cantilever for thermal infrared detector was studied.A new infrared absorbing layer material—Carbon Nanotube(CNT) was applied to enhance infrared radiation absorbing characteristic.A novel tri-layer Si-based micro-cantilever thermal infrared detector with CNT film was fabricated using standard integrated circuit and micro-mechanical machining technology.The bending of micro-cantilever was piezoresistively detected,for it responsed to the incident IR thermal radiation from bi-material effect caused by different thermal expasion coeffients of Al and Si.The CNT was coated on the micro-cantilever in the experiment,the input-output characteristics of piezoresistive micro-cantilever IR thermal detector with CNT film were studied.The experimental results indicate that the IR detector taking carbon nanotubes as the absorbing layer of micro-mechanical cantilever can abtain higher sensitivity,its power resolution increases by twice,which shows that the kind of detector research can provide a new direction for the development of new thermal infrared detectors.
Effect of core-shell polymer particles on the coefficient of thermal expansion of epoxy resin

The epoxy resins were modified by core-shell polymer(CSP) particles.The effect of CSP on the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) of modified epoxy resins was investigated by infrared spectroscopy,thermal mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that hydrogen bond was formed between C= =O of CSP particle shell and — OH of DGEBA epoxy resin side chain during the curing pocess,thereby strengthening the interface role of core-shell polymer particles and epoxy matrix.The glass transition temperatures of CSP particles modified epoxy resin were decreased and CTE values of modified resin below the Tg range were decreased,then increased compared with that of neat epoxy resins with the increasing of CSP content.The CTE of the resins with 0.5% CSP was decreased by 12.88%. But the CTE values of modified resins were all higher than that of neat epoxy resins above the Tg range.
Big-Data Informed Citizen Participatory Urban Identity Design

The identity of an urban environment is important because it contributes to self-identity, a sense of community, and a sense of place. However, under present-day conditions, the identities of expanding cities are rapidly deteriorating and vanishing, especially in the case of Asian cities. Therefore, cities need to build their urban identity, which includes the past and points to the future. At the same time, cities need to add new features to improve their livability, sustainability, and resilience. In this paper, using data mining technologies for various types of geo-referenced big data and combine them with the space syntax analysis for observing and learning about the socioeconomic behavior and the quality of space. The observed and learned features are identified as the urban identity. The numeric features obtained from data mining are transformed into catalogued levels for designers to understand, which will allow them to propose proper designs that will complement or improve the local traditional features. A workshop in Taiwan, which focuses on a traditional area, demonstrates the result of the proposed methodology and how to transform a traditional area into a livable area. At the same time, we introduce a website platform, Quick Urban Analysis Kit (qua-kit), as a tool for citizens to participate in designs. After the workshop, citizens can view, comment, and vote on different design proposals to provide city authorities and stakeholders with their ideas in a more convenient and responsive way. Therefore, the citizens may deliver their opinions, knowledge, and suggestions for improvements to the investigated neighborhood from their own design perspective.
The propagation of Lamb waves in a plate with viscoelastic layer coating

Based on elastic wave propagation theory and the boundary conditions, a dispersion equation for Lamb waves in a plate with one viscoelastic layer loading is derived. Using numerical calculation, we discussed Lamb wave dispersion and attenuation. The effects of the parameters of the viscoelastic coating on the wave propagation are also discussed. In the end, we proposed a method to characterize the Lame constant, λ* and μ* of viscoelastic layer by using the combination of Lamb and SH wave micro-sensing.
Brief introduction of the high-voltage electric field application to desiccant wheel dehumidifier regeneration system

The equipment was gotten a certain structural transformation to solve the issue of high energy consumption in desiccant wheel dehumidifier regeneration system. The high-voltage electric field was used to remove the water in hygroscopic material of the regeneration system. And the results showed that: with the removal of the water in hygroscopic material of the regeneration system, the energy saving was about 30%～40%,and the renewable air temperature and dehydrating was decreased rapidly to achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption.
Prediction Student Eligibility in Vocation School with Naïve-Byes Decision Algorithm

This research is proposed about decision in eligibility for accepting and rejecting student in vocational school. Prediction is one area in data mining that discuss about classification. One method of algorithm in prediction is Naïve-Byes Decisions Algorithm. Variable will be counted by Naive-Byes Decisions algorithm that content of final exam, report, psychology, interview, and competency. Execution for the first step is transforming each variable into ranging values. Step forward is continued to calculate possibility value for every variable. In 270 student, the research has been resulted the validation test is 199 same as actual condition. Precision is 96,1%, recall is 99,3%. The result is meaning that the algorithm has ability to get the decision in accepting manner with 74,87% accuracy. The value gives the reasoning that has not all submitting students are accepted by the school. Meanwhile, the algorithm has giving fair process for accepting the candidate. The impact of this research is the school can predict how many students is accepted and rejected. So, school will prepare for how many rooms should be available.
Optimization and study on a high-performance ASE fiber source

Based on the application requirements of light source in fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensing system a two-stage double-pass and erbium-doped amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) fiber source is designed.The structure of source,way of output,length of erbium-doped fiber and pump power are optimized.The results show that under the optimal condition,the ASE output with central wavelength at 1 564.5 nm,output power of 35.8 mW and 85 nm bandwidth in C+L band spectrum is achieved.Its flatness from 1 525 nm to 1 605 nm is less than 2 dBm and especially within 1 537 nm and 1 597 nm,the flatness is less than 0.5 dBm.The output bandwidth,power and spectral flatness have been enhanced simultaneously,which could meet the demands in fiber Bragg grating sensing systems.
Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-Efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks: Zhou/Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-Efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks

This book examines key technology advances in high spectral-efficiency fiber-optic communication systems and networks, enabled by the use of coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The first of this book’s 16 chapters is a detailed introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the modulation formats, while Chapter 3 focuses on detection and error correction technologies for coherent optical communication systems. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to Nyquist-WDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In chapter 6, polarization and nonlinear impairments in coherent optical communication systems are discussed. The fiber nonlinear effects in a non-dispersion-managed system are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes linear impairment equalization and Chapter 9 discusses various nonlinear mitigation techniques. Signal synchronization is covered in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 describes the main constraints put on the DSP algorithms by the hardware structure. Chapter 13 addresses the fundamental concepts and recent progress of photonic integration. Optical performance monitoring and elastic optical network technology are the subjects of Chapters 14 and 15. Finally, Chapter 16 discusses spatial-division multiplexing and MIMO processing technology, a potential solution to solve the capacity limit of single-mode fibers.
Assessing the performance of short multi-item questionnaires in aesthetic evaluation of websites

ABSTRACT In recent years, website aesthetics has received a fair amount of attention from the HCI community. This has led to the creation of a variety of multi-item questionnaires aimed at capturing users’ aesthetic judgments. Researchers have used these questionnaires in several HCI studies to investigate the relationship between aesthetics and other evaluative constructs such as usability. However, their usefulness as evaluation tools in visual design practice remains underexplored. Lengthy multi-item questionnaires can be particularly problematic especially in studies where participants must evaluate multiple designs or when they are required to give responses repeatedly in predefined time intervals. Despite the criticism, single-item scales have been used in many past studies in which questionnaire length could be problematic. Another alternative available to practitioners/researchers are short versions of standardised multi-item questionnaires that have been created for the aesthetic evaluations of websites. In this paper, we present a study in which we compare the performance of three such condensed aesthetic questionnaires (i.e. aesthetics scale, AttrakDiff, VisAWI) during a website redesign project. The short versions of those questionnaires were used by 187 users during an evaluation of 7 alternative website designs. The questionnaires were compared on performance criteria such as reliability, validity, and predictive ability. Data analysis showed that although AttrakDiff’s overall performance was better, a considerable amount of variance in aesthetic judgment could not be accounted for by any of the questionnaires.
Development of nano phase change storage technology

Phase change storage technology is a mainstream technology of nano-electronic devices.Phase change random access memory(PCRAM),with the reversible phase change abilities that can be operated by nanosecond width electrical pulses,has a tremendous commercial value and a promising application vista in the fields of flushbonding and bulk-storage memory.Promoted by international business giants,techniques and capacities of PCRAM chips develop at a transnormal speed.Meanwhile,the international research groups pay lot attentions to the hotspots including mechanisms of the reversible nano-phase change,effective control of the nano-phase change,and advanced cell structure of low power consumption.This article will review the above-mentioned contents and summarize current research situation,industrial foundation,cooperation,and prospect of PCRAM in China.
Perspectives on the evolution of online communities

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of social networks opens interesting research opportunities to make use of the massive information exchanged in day-to-day communication. One of the active research issues related to this aspect is the study of online community formation and evolution in dynamic social networks. As community structure is usually ambiguous, then defining how it evolves over time becomes a challenge in terms of tracking mechanism and evaluation method. In this study, we review the online communities and their evolution tracking mechanisms and discuss the main categories of approaches for tracking community evolution and how they work. We analyse the different solutions proposed under each community evolution tracking category and provide an assessment of their projected performance. Finally, a discussion of analysis insights concerning community evolution and its influence is introduced.