Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yield Losses in Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis) in Egypt

The production loss in eight local wheat cultivars was estimated under yellow rust disease pressure at four locations of northern Egypt during 2017/2018 and 2018/19 growing seasons. Considerable disease pressure, as revealed by final rust severity (%), was observed at all locations with a maximum value (100%) in northern Egypt. The tested wheat cultivars were evaluated at the adult plant stage under field conditions using two epidemiological parameters final rust severity (FRS%) and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC). Final rust severity ranged from 5% to 100% for the tested cultivars. AUDPC ranged from 260 to 2800 at Sakha, 115 to 2800 at El- Gemmeiza, 115 to 2600 at Itay El-Baroud, and 115 to 2600 at Shebin El-Koum during the two growing seasons. The values of FRS (%) and AUDPC during the first season were less than those in the second season. Losses in grain yield per plot ranged from 2.72% to 37.72% during the first season and 6.18% to 69.33% in the second season at the Delta region. The highest grain yield losses were recorded with wheat cvs. ; Gemmeiza 11 (64.20%), followed by Misr 1 (62.38%), as well as for Misr 2 (57.66%) and Sids 12 (50.89%). While, the lowest loss cvs. ; was recorded in Misr 3 and Giza 171, as it was 7.65% and 9.44%, respectively. Regarding yield losses in the 1000 kernel weight, wheat cvs. ; Misr 3 showed the lowest value of loss i.e. 1.71%, while Gemmeiza 11 showed the highest loss i.e. 39.67% during 2018/2019 growing season. A significal positive correlation was found between yield losses and each of final rust severity (%) and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC). These results would serve as a fruitful tool in the national wheat breeding program for yellow rust resistance, in Egypt.
Influence of equinus treatments on the vertical displacement of the body's centre of mass in children with cerebral palsy

We assessed the influence of equinus gait treatments on the vertical displacement of the body's centre of mass (COM) in 21 patients with cerebral palsy (14 males, 7 females; mean age 8y 9mo [SD 2y]; range 3y 7mo‐17y) presenting different topographical types (quadriplegia, n=1; diplegia, n=6; right hemiplegia, n=6; and left hemiplegia, n=8). Vertical COM displacement was computed from ground reaction forces, and lower limb kinematics was recorded simultaneously. Equinus gait was treated with non‐operative treatments (i.e. botulinum toxin injections and stretching casts) in 14 patients, and with operative treatments in seven patients. After non‐operative treatments, the entire ankle displacement shifted towards dorsiflexion throughout the gait cycle, but the amplitude of the third foot rocker (TR) and vertical COM displacement remained unchanged. However, after operative treatments, the amplitude of TR increased and vertical COM displacement decreased. A negative linear correlation was found between the former variables in all the patients where 53% of the changes in their vertical COM displacement, after equinus gait treatments, were explained by the changes in TR amplitude. In fact, TR remains a main gait determinant, reducing the vertical COM displacement after equinus gait treatment and influencing the general gait pattern.
Effects of very low birthweight on brain structure in adulthood

Very‐low‐birth weight (VLBW) individuals are at high risk of brain injury in the perinatal period. We wished to determine how such early brain lesions affect brain structure in adulthood. Thirty‐two VLBW adults (20 female, 12 male) and 18 term, normal birthweight sibling control individuals (nine female, nine male) underwent structural MRI at a mean age of 23 years 4 months (range 17 to 33 years; SD 3.4). Images were analyzed using an automated tissue segmentation algorithm in order to estimate whole brain tissue class volumes in native space. Images were then warped to a template image in standard space. There was no significant between‐group difference in whole brain, grey matter, white matter, or total cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) volumes. However, lateral ventricular volume was significantly increased by 41% in those with VLBW. The ratio of grey to white matter was also significantly increased (by 10%) in those with VLBW. Group comparison maps showed widespread changes in the distribution of grey and white matter, and relative excess of ventricular CSF, in the brains of VLBW individuals. Increased ventricular volume predicted decreased grey matter in subcortical nuclei and limbic cortical structures, and decreased periventricular white matter. We conclude that these diffuse abnormalities of grey and white matter are a consequence of the interaction of perinatal brain injury and ongoing neurodevelopmental processes.
Assessing Customer Needs Based On Online Reviews: A Topic Modeling Approach

The fashion industry is one of the most exposed to new online trends manifesting themselves on the internet. Whereas fashion consumers used to get inspired from their preferred brand or print magazine to buy clothes, today, they are rather influenced by social media and online reviews. Online shoppers look for clothes on their own, basing their choices on individual preferences and values. In other words, consumers have become more focused on "indirect experiences" and "exploration" rather than buying products from specific brands in the store. Furthermore, consumers want to know more about the products, and the fashion market demands greater transparency. From online reviews and ratings, consumers can gather a variety of helpful subjective information from each other. This research is conducted by looking at online product review data from Amazon, one of the leading online shopping websites worldwide, to reveal the hidden topics that are available within the review texts. To do this, topic modeling is applied to the data to explore customer preferences and consumption trends. The results show that the online reviews used in this study can be grouped into four general topics discussed online: Accessories, Outfit, Quality, and Appearance. With this information available, it would benefit and improve fashion businesses in account for product development.
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE IN JUGLANS NIGRA: EXPLORING HOW HOME CLIMATE SHAPES GROWTH PATTERNS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS A Thesis in Ecology by

Many tree species are distributed across extensive ranges of spatial and temporal climate heterogeneity. To accommodate this heterogeneity, most species combine adaptation to the local climate (i.e. specialization) with phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, genetic differences among populations within a species range are shaped by both spatial and temporal climate variability. In this study, we evaluate the effect of spatial and temporal climate variability in determining differentiation in growth responses of 33 black walnut (Juglans nigra) natural populations growing in a common garden (provenance tests) for 40 years. Common gardens provide evidence of local adaptation to climate when associations between fitness traits and the populations’ home climates are observed. We evaluate population differentiation in average annual scaled diameter increment to assess local adaptation to climate. We also use the coefficient of variation in average annual scaled growth to assess population differentiation in phenotypic plasticity. We found that genetic differences among populations and the resulting growth patterns are shaped by both spatial and temporal climate variability. We found evidence of specialization, and thus adaptation to spatial climate variability, in populations’ average scaled radial growth as a function of climate transfer distance. We also found that temporal variability of populations’ home climate was linked to phenotypic plasticity and populations from more temporally variable climates exhibited less interannual growth variability. These findings indicate that both spatial and temporal climate variability are critical in understanding genetic differences among populations.
Establishment of Peach Primary Core Collection Based on Accessions Conserved in National Fruit Germplasm Repository of Nanjing

Peach accessions conserved in National Fruit Germplasm Repository of Nanjing were used for establishing primary core collection. Three sampling strategies,classification,stepwise cluster and random,were compared using 630 accessions and 60 descriptors. The sampling scale was also tested with considering the sampling strategies. Stepwise cluster was found to be more suitable for peach than sampled by classification or random. By multiple comparisons,15% sampling ratio was shown to be the best after stepwise cluster. Differences were found among sixteen cluster models and among sampling methods after cluster. Clustered by Euclidean-Ward model and selecting accession with higher value of average degree of deviation was chosen as the best method. A primary core collection of 99 accessions with sampling ratio of 15.7% was established based on the optimal method and by adding absent phenotypes to obtain 100% ratio of phenotype retained(RPR). The core collection was detected to be well represent the primal collection using Shannon-Wavear index(SI),variance of phenotype value(VPV),coefficient of variance(CV), as well as,detected by coincidence of mean and range for quantity traits.
Caenorhabditis elegans germ line: A model for stem cell biology

Like many stem cell systems, the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line contains a self‐renewing germ cell population that is maintained by a niche. Although the exact cellular mechanism for self‐renewal is not yet known, three recent studies shed considerable light on the cell cycle behavior of germ cells, including a support for significant and plastic renewal potential. This review brings together the results of the three recent cell‐based studies, places them in the context of previous work, and discusses future perspectives for the field. Developmental Dynamics 236:3343–3357, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing of the Spinal Alignment and Range of Motion Measure: a discriminative measure of posture and flexibility for children with cerebral palsy

In this study we describe the development and preliminary psychometric testing of the Spinal Alignment and Range of Motion Measure (SAROMM). Through consultation with pediatric physiotherapists, the items were refined. Subsequently 25 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP; 17 males, 8 females) with a mean age of 9 years 8 months (SD 4y 4mo), stratified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS, n=5 in each group), were recruited. Twenty‐two children had spastic CP, and one each was also diagnosed with hypotonic, athetoid, and mixed CP. Three children had hemiplegia, 12 had diplegia, and 10 had quadriplegia. These participants were examined by two physiotherapists on one occasion and by the primary physiotherapist again two weeks later. The intraclass correlation coefficients reflecting interrater and test‐retest reliabilities for the spine and range of motion subscales and the total scores were all above 0.80. Validity was supported by a significant contribution of GMFCS level and age to the SAROMM score (r2=0.44). The SAROMM has sufficient reliability and validity for use with children with CP in clinical and research settings by rehabilitation therapists.
Population Differentiation in Early Life History Traits of Cleome lutea var. lutea in the Intermountain West

Abstract. Large-scale restoration is occurring in many areas of the western United States and the use of genetically appropriate native plant seed is expected to increase the success of restoration efforts. Thus, determining intraspecific variation among populations and its driving forces are the first steps in successful seed sourcing. Here, we examine intraspecific variation of characters expressed in early life history stages of Cleome lutea var. lutea, an annual forb native to the western United States that has attracted increasing attention as a restoration species because it provisions diverse pollinators. We conducted a common garden experiment comprised of 9 populations sourced from across the Intermountain West in a climate-controlled growth chamber. We measured 10 life history and morphological traits and found significant among-population differences for 9 of them, including seed germination requirements and flowering status. With the exception of seed germination, this variation was not effectively captured by broad ecoregion delineations, nor was it significantly explained by source site climatic differences or geographic distance between sites. However, flowering status was significantly explained by latitude of the source population (P = 0.033), suggesting that among-population variation reflects divergent adaptation to photoperiod. The variation in life history traits that differentiates our study populations indicates that informed seed sourcing will be necessary when using C. lutea var. lutea for restoration. More comprehensive spatial sampling that stratifies both environmental and geographic variates is needed to determine the drivers of population differentiation and the scale of local adaptation in this species. Such sampling can be used to better inform appropriate seed sourcing decisions. Until then, a cautious approach to sourcing this species for use in restoration is indicated.
Clinical utility of the Duncan‐Ely test for rectus femoris dysfunction during the swing phase of gait

The Ely Test (or Duncan‐Ely test) has been accepted as a clinical tool to assess rectus femoris spasticity by passively flexing the knee rapidly while the patient lies prone in a relaxed state. In this retrospective review, patients’dynamic knee range of motion (ROM) during gait and an electromyogram (EMG) were compared with the results of the Ely test. Data for 70 patients (44 males, 26 females; 104 limbs) were included. Mean age of patients was 13 years, SD 9 years, range 4 years 5 months to 54 years. All patients were diagnosed with cerebral palsy (spastic diplegia, n=42; spastic quadriplegia, n=15, and hemiplegia, n=13). All patients were ambulatory (50 independent, 20 with assistive devices). A standard matrix was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the Ely test as well as its positive and negative predictive value. For the gait variables examined (decreased dynamic knee ROM, timing of peak knee flexion, and abnormal EMG in swing) the sensitivity of the Ely test ranged from 56 to 59% and the specificity ranged from 64 to 85%. For the same variables the positive predictive value ranged from 91 to 98% and the negative predictive value ranged from 4 to 19%. The Ely test was shown to have a good positive predictive value (i.e. the certainty about the presence of rectus spasticity in patients with a positive Ely test result) for rectus femoris dysfunction during gait.
FAO’s new macro-economic statistics: Agricultural Capital Stock and Agro-Industry Measurement

This paper reports on recent work in FAO’s Statistics Division (ESS) in developing two new global agricultural statistics databases: an analytical database that estimates agricultural capital stock, and a database on agro-industry measurement (AIM). It describes the data sources, methodology and content of these databases, which provide key national accounts type indicators. The overall approach relies on the use of internationally accepted methodologies and the harvesting of data compiled by multilateral agencies, to minimize burden, duplication of efforts and inconsistencies. Priority is placed, where possible, on the use of official country data reported to these agencies. The objective of this paper is to solicit feedback from countries on the data sources, methodologies, indicators, and overall approach in order to enable improvements and establish key next steps.
Evaluation of Quality for Semi-Structured Database System

— The quality evaluation of transactional calculus for semi-structured database system develops metrics for data quality. A conceptual data model of higher quality leads to a higher quality information system. Quality of a data model may affect with effectiveness i.e. the quality of results and the efficiency like time, effort etc. of development of information system. Hence, boosting up the data model quality is also prone to improve quality of delivered system. An array of metrics for quality has been proposed for the semi-structured data model with proper blend of metrics framework suitable for transactional calculus for data model of semi-structured. This paper proposes a framework for quality evaluation of transactional calculus for semi-structured database system using TCSS X-Query. In the proposed quality evaluation, the viewpoint has been described using a set of proposed quality measurements. Each of these quality measurements is linked with set of related metrics. The framework comprised of direct and indirect metrics for the purpose of quality evaluation. The framework facilities a double-fold view point using a set of quality measurement. In quality evaluation two viewpoint quality dimensions are focused: like designer level viewpoint and user level viewpoint. The proposed metrics set and measurements have been validated empirically. The purpose of empirical validation is to establish the metrics are practically useful for the assessment of quality measurements and operability factor
FLUORIMETRIC PROFILES, FLAVONOID AND POLYPHENOLS CONTENT OF ACACIA, MEADOW AND HONEYDEW HONEY SAMPLES AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH COLOUR INTENSITY OF HONEY

Introduction: Previous studies have showed that fluorimetric analysis may be used as a simple, rapid, low cost and reliable method for authentication botanical origin of honey. Primary aims of this study were to record fluorescence spactra of acacia, meadow and honeydew honey samples and to determine content of flavonoid and polyphenoles in relation to colour intensity of honey. Material and methods: Fluorescence spectra of honey samples were recorded. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to determine flavonoid and polyphenols content. The honey color scoring was developed by the authors as the arbitrary system. Results: Acacia honey showed high fluorescence emission intensity after an excitation at 340 nm, 390 nm and 440 nm. Meadow honey showed fluorescence after excitation at 390 nm and 440 nm, while fluorescence, caused by excitation at 340 nm, was absent. Honeydew honey showed low intensity of fluorescence at 440 nm excitation while fluorescence was absent at 340 nm and 390 nm excitation, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found for flavonoids and polyphenols levels, between honeydew and acacia honey. Statistically significant difference in polyphenols levels between meadow and acacia honey was found. There was no statistically significant difference of flavonoids and polyphenols between samples of meadow and honeydew honey. Conclusion: Fluorimetric profiles, flavonoid and polyphenols content, together with colour intensity of honey may be useful in authenitication of botanical origin of honey.
Automatic Reconstruction of Building-Scale Indoor 3D Environment with a Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Mobile Robot

The aim of this paper is to digitize the environments in which humans live, at low cost, and reconstruct highly accurate three-dimensional environments that are based on those in the real world. This three-dimensional content can be used such as for virtual reality environments and three-dimensional maps for automatic driving systems. In general, however, a three-dimensional environment must be carefully reconstructed by manually moving the sensors used to first scan the real environment on which the three-dimensional one is based. This is done so that every corner of an entire area can be measured, but time and costs increase as the area expands. Therefore, a system that creates three-dimensional content that is based on real-world large-scale buildings at low cost is proposed. This involves automatically scanning the indoors with a mobile robot that uses low-cost sensors and generating 3D point clouds. When the robot reaches an appropriate measurement position, it collects the three-dimensional data of shapes observable from that position by using a 3D sensor and 360-degree panoramic camera. The problem of determining an appropriate measurement position is called the “next best view problem,” and it is difficult to solve in a complicated indoor environment. To deal with this problem, a deep reinforcement learning method is employed. It combines reinforcement learning, with which an autonomous agent learns strategies for selecting behavior, and deep learning done using a neural network. As a result, 3D point cloud data can be generated with better quality than the conventional rule-based approach.
GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANTS – II

In this paper we present the updated empirical radio surfacebrightness-to-diameter (Σ–D) relation for Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) calibrated using 110 SNRs with reliable distances. We apply orthogonal fitting procedure and kernel density smoothing in the Σ − D plane and compare the results with the latest theoretical Σ −D relations derived from simulations of radio evolution of SNRs. We argue that the best agreement between the empirical and simulated Σ − D relations is achieved if the mixed-morphology SNRs and SNRs of both, low brightness and small diameter, are filtered out from the calibration sample. The distances to 5 newly discovered remnants and 27 new candidates for shell SNRs are estimated from our full and filtered calibration samples.
Climate change projected to reduce prescribed burning opportunities in the south-eastern United States

Prescribed burning is a critical tool for managing wildfire risks and meeting ecological objectives, but its safe and effective application requires that specific meteorological criteria (a ‘burn window’) are met. Here, we evaluate the potential impacts of projected climatic change on prescribed burning in the south-eastern United States by applying a set of burn window criteria that capture temperature, relative humidity and wind speed to projections from an ensemble of Global Climate Models under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Regionally, the percentage of suitable days for burning changes little during winter but decreases substantially in summer owing to rising temperatures by the end of the 21st century compared with historical conditions. Management implications of such changes for six representative land management units include seasonal shifts in burning opportunities from summer to cool-season months, but with considerable regional variation. We contend that the practical constraints of rising temperatures on prescribed fire activities represent a significant future challenge and show that even meeting basic burn criteria (as defined today) will become increasingly difficult over time, which speaks to the need for adaptive management strategies to prepare for such changes.
GENERALIZED MODELS OF REPAIRABLE SYSTEMS A SURVEY VIA STOCHASTIC PROCESSES FORMALISM

In this article, we survey the developments in the generalised models of repairable systems reliability during 1990s, particularly the last five years. In this field, we notice the sharp fundamental problem that voluminous complex models were developed but there is an absence of sufficient data of interest for justifying the success in tackling the real engineering problems. Instead of following the myth of using simple models to face the complex reality, we select and review some practical models, particularly the stochastic processes behind them. The Models in three quick growth areas: age models, condition monitoring technique related models, say, proportional intensity and their extensions, and shock and wearing models, including the delay-time models are reviewed. With the belief that only those stochastic processes reflecting the instinct nature of the actual physical processes of repairable systems, without excessive assumptions, may have a better chance to meet the demands of engineers and managers.