Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variabilité de la résistance/tolérance des campagnols roussâtres à lhantavirus Puumala et conséquences épidémiologiques

Le campagnol roussâtre Myodes glareolus est le reservoir principal de l'hantavirus Puumala (PUUV) responsable de la nephropathie epidemique (NE) en Europe. L'objectif de cette these est de decrire la variabilite de la resistance / tolerance de M. glareolus a PUUV et d'explorer son role dans la distribution et la transmission de ce virus. Nous emettons l'hypothese que la tolerance a PUUV favorise sa persistance et sa transmission, ce qui devrait accroitre le risque d'emergence de la NE. Nous avons developpe une approche gene candidat pour determiner le role de trois genes de l'immunite dans la resistance / tolerance a PUUV. L'existence d'associations positives entre les alleles du gene Drb et l'infection par PUUV d'une part et les relations negatives detectees entre le niveau d'expression du gene Tnf-α et la prevalence en PUUV d'autre part corroborent l'evolution d'une tolerance en zones d'endemie de la NE. Elle pourrait etre selectionnee en reponse au cout de la reponse inflammatoire developpee contre PUUV. L'approche de genetique des populations a demontre le role de la dynamique des reservoirs dans l'epidemiologie de PUUV. La comparaison du polymorphisme des genes Drb et Tnf-α et des patrons genetiques neutres semble cependant indiquer une faible influence de la selection dans le polymorphisme de ces genes. Ce resultat suggere un effet potentiellement important de la plasticite phenotypique dans les niveaux de resistance/tolerance observes. L'etude de la communaute d'helminthes a confirme cette hypothese en revelant l'impact de certaines especes sur le risque d'infection a PUUV.
Comparative Evaluation of Gastroduodenostomy and Gastrojejunostomy for Stomach Reconstruction Following Partial Gastrectomy in Dogs

The present experimental study was aimed to perform partial gastrectomy through surgical excision the distal part of the stomach in dogs (approximately 1/5 stomach size), and then performing two types of reconstruction techniques: Gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I) and Gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II). The current experimental study was carried out on 10 apparently healthy mongrel dogs (7 males and 3 non-pregnant females), aging (8 months to 2 years old) and weighing (12 to 30 kg). Two types of surgical technique were used: A. Billroth I (Gastroduodenostomy): Partial gastroectomy with gastroduodenal anastomosis (5 dogs were used) B. Billroth II (Gastrojejunostomy): Partial gastroectomy with gastrojejunal anastomosis (5 dogs were used). All dogs recovered from anesthesia with no complications during the surgery and recovery. There was no evidence of wound infection. Dogs started to eat on Day 3 after surgery without any sign of regurgitation. No serious postoperative complications were observed. There were no signs of premature vasomotor disturbances, such as dizziness, weakness and alimentary disorders. One month after surgery radiographic findings cleared that there was neither stricture, narrowing, obstruction nor leakage at site of anastomosis in both groups. On conclusion; Both Billroth I and Billroth II might be considered as suitable approaches for reconstructing gastro-intestinal tract following partial gastrectomy in dogs with no particular difference in clinical and para-clinical parameters in dogs. Billroth I doesnt change the normal anatomy and function of the digestive system as performed anastomosis of the stomach stump to the duodenum, its conductive to the digestion of food falling from the stomach into the intestine mixing with pancreatic, duodenal and biliary secretion while in Billroth II mixing process occurs in the jejunum. The time consumed during Billroth II operation was higher than Billroth I also the risk adjusted complication rate was also higher in Billroth II group. Billroth I method should be the first choice after a distal gastrectomy as long as the anatomic and oncological environment allows us to perform it.
The Geomydoecus neocopei Complex (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) of the Thomomys umbrinus Pocket Gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) of Mexico

Seven species of the Geomydoecus (Thomomydoe cus) neocopei complex are described and illustrated: G. (T.) neo copei Price and Emerson from Thomomys umbrinus tolucae Nel son and Goldman; G. (T.) g e noway si Price and Emerson from 6 subspecies of T. umbrinus (type-host: T. u. madrensis Nelson and Goldman); G. (T.) asymmetricus n. sp. from T. u. chihuahuae Nelson and Goldman; G. (T.) greed n. sp. from T. u.juntae An derson; G. (T.)jamesbeeri Price and Emerson from T. u. sup emus Nelson and Goldman; G. (T.) peregrini n. sp. from T. u. peregri nus Merriam; and G. (T.) potted n. sp. from T. u. crassidens Nelson and Goldman. A key is given for the identification of the males of the complex. Following a revision of the genus Geomydoecus Ewing by Price and Emerson (1971), the new subgenus Thomomydoecus was erected by Price and Emerson (1972) to include 6 species of pocket gopher lice. Of these species, 5 are apparently restricted to hosts among the subspecies of Tho momys bottae (Eydoux and Gervais) and T. umbrinus (Richardson). Exten sive collecting of lice from these gopher hosts since then has shown mem bers of Thomomydoecus to occur much more widely than previously thought and to include a number of undescribed taxa. The Thomomydoecus on the bottae-umbrinus complex can be separated into the minor complex containing 2 recognized species whose males have tergites II? III with short widely separated setae and into the neocopei complex containing 3 recog nized species whose males have tergites II? III with long and clustered setae.
Biological characterization of RecD mutants in Deinococcus radiodurans

Title of Dissertation: BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RECD MUTANTS IN DEINOCOCCUS RADIODURANS Matthew David Servinsky, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Dissertation directed by: Professor Douglas A. Julin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The RecD protein in E. coli and other gram negative bacteria functions as a subunit in concert with RecB and RecC to form the heterotrimeric RecBCD complex. It is involved in degrading foreign linear DNA, providing a block against viral invaders, and has been shown to inhibit recombination. This complex also catalyzes the first step in the highly regulated enzymatic process of DSBR via homologous recombination (HR). DSBR via HR is thought to be the major route for processing double strand breaks in E. coli. The first step is known as initiation and generates the substrate for the next enzyme in the pathway, RecA. In contrast to E. coli, most gram positive bacteria, use a set of genes known as the AddAB genes to accomplish this same task, to produce the substrate for RecA. The gram positive bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is remarkable in its ability to withstand DNA damaging agents such as MMC, gamma irradiation, hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation. While D. radiodurans has a RecA homolog that has been shown to be critical for repair of double strand breaks, sequence analysis has not revealed homologs of AddAB or RecBC. A sequence with high similarity to recD was found. D. radiodurans RecD has an extended N-terminus grouping it with a sub-family of recD-like genes. The gene was expressed in E. coli and purified. Its biochemical activities were published by Wang and Julin, 2004, showing it had 5’-3’ helicase activity like RecD proteins from other organisms. In this study a recD mutation in D. radiodurans was generated. The mutant was sensitive to gamma and UV irradiation, and hydrogen peroxide. The mutant was insensitive to MMC and MMS. Additionally the mutant showed an increased capacity to be transformed by exogenous DNA. These results imply a role in DNA repair through some form of recombinational repair. This finding is the first published result of a member of the recD-like sub-family of proteins that suggests role in DNA repair. BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RECD MUTANTS IN DEINOCOCCUS RADIODURANS
Phylogenetic Patterns of the Southeast Asian Tree Frog Chiromantis hansenae in Thailand

Although landscape features such as mountains and rivers are recognized often as limiting factors to amphibian dispersal and gene flow, a limited number of studies have investigated such patterns across Southeast Asia. A perfect example of this is Thailand, located in one of the world's biodiversity hotspot regions. Thailand represents the corridor between mainland Asia and the Sunda Shelf, a famous and widely recognized biogeographic region, and yet there are few studies on the genetic structure among populations of amphibian species distributed across Thailand. The Southeast Asian tree frog, Chiromantis hansenae has been reported to possess a geographic range that is restricted to Thailand and, presumably, Cambodia. Here, we investigate phylogenetic relationships among C. hansenae populations using partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and nuclear POMC gene. Our results reveal two distinct evolutionary lineages within C. hansenae populations in Thailand. The genetic divergence among populations between these two clades is considerable, and results support inter-population divergence, and high genetic differentiation (pairwise FST = 0.97), between two localities sampled in western Thailand (TK1 and TK2), separated from each other by 40 kilometers only. The results suggest that landscape features across Thailand may have a profound impact on patterns of diversification in the country, underscoring the urgent need for fine-scale investigations of genetic structure of endemic and "widespread" species.
Development, characterisation and application of an inducible model of Alzheimer's Disease in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent form of senile dementia, affecting more than 26 million people worldwide. The amyloid-β42 peptide (Aβ42) has been suggested to play a central role in the pathogenesis of AD. Although the primary etiologic mechanism of AD is unknown, it has a clear association with age. However, is it ageing, the slow erosion of biological function, that is the cause of AD; or is ageing merely a measure of how long it takes to accumulate toxic levels of Aβ? To distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects on the rate and extent of AD pathogenesis, an inducible model of Aβ toxicity was developed in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This is a model system where expression of Aβ peptides can be induced for the first time, or turned off, at different ages. Induced expression of the human Arctic mutant Aβ42 peptide in Drosophila neural tissue resulted in flies with age-dependent locomotor and electrophysiology deficits and shortened lifespan. Conditional expression of Arctic Aβ42 at different ages was then used to show that ageing renders flies more vulnerable to Aβ42 toxicity. The results of this thesis also served to highlight the technical drawbacks of the GeneSwitch system and the complexities of measuring the effect of ageing interventions such as reduced insulin signalling and the drug rapamycin on Aβ toxicity in Drosophila.
In vitro micropropagation of Baliospermum axillare Blume.

An efficient method of direct plantlet regeneration using nodal explants of mature plants of Baliospermum axillare has been developed for the first time. Nodes were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 1 and 2 mg/1 in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1, 2 and 5 mg/l. A maximum number of 15 multiple shoots per explant were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/I BAP and 1 mg/l IBA. The regenerated shoots rooted in MS basal media. The plantlets were maintained in vermiculite and soil mixture and were successfully transferred to soil.
Effects of acute eccentric exercise stimulus on muscle injury and adaptation

Editor-in-Chief Tommy Boone, PhD, MBA Review Board Todd Astorino, PhD Julien Baker, PhD Steve Brock, PhD Lance Dalleck, PhD Eric Goulet, PhD Robert Gotshall, PhD Alexander Hutchison, PhD M. Knight-Maloney, PhD Len Kravitz, PhD James Laskin, PhD Yit Aun Lim, PhD Lonnie Lowery, PhD Derek Marks, PhD Cristine Mermier, PhD Robert Robergs, PhD Chantal Vella, PhD Dale Wagner, PhD Frank Wyatt, PhD Ben Zhou, PhD
The role and regulation of PAK isoforms in cancer cell migration

p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are downstream targets of many Rho GTPases. They have been implicated as regulators of cell migration but little is known of their isoform-specific functions. PAK upregulation in some cancers suggests that they could play an important role in invasion and metastasis, making them potential therapeutic targets. In this study RNA interference (RNAi) was used to investigate the roles of PAK 1, PAK2 and PAK4 in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which stimulates cell migration. RNAi knockdown of PAK 1, PAK2, or PAK4 did not affect the speed of DU145 cell wound healing in vitro, but knockdown of PAK1 or PAK2 had distinct effects on DU145 morphology and scattering. PAK 1-deficient cells remained more spread and maintained more junctions than control cells following HGF stimulation. PAK2-deficient cells formed disorganised colonies and larger lamellipodia were observed after HGF treatment, which were enriched with ERK1/2 and GIT 1/2. Despite the cytoskeletal effects, PAK1 or PAK2 knockdown did not inhibit DU145 cell migration through transwells or invasion through Matrigel, and phosphorylation of many known PAK 1/2 substrates was unaffected. In PC3 cells, knockdown of PAK1 or PAK2 but not PAK4 slowed the speed of migration and PAK2 impaired the HGF-induced phosphorylation of Op 18 suggesting that decreased microtubule stability may lead to the associated phenotype. PAK2 depletion in DU145 or PC3 cells led to increased phosphorylation of PAK 1 at SI99/204, an autophosphorylation site which blocks PIX binding, whereas PAK1 knockdown had no effect on the phosphorylation of PAK2 at the homologous sites. These results show that PAK1, PAK2 and PAK4 play distinct roles in cytoskeletal regulation, probably through shared and isoform-specific substrates. Op 18 is shown to be a likely PAK2 target and a novel regulatory mechanism from PAK2 to PAK1 is identified for the first time.
Cellular interactions underpinning the immunomodulatory action of mesenchymal stromal cells in models of liver transplant injury

End stage liver disease represents a common end point for a number of disease processes, the only current treatment for which is liver transplantation, but the demand for donor organs exceeds the supply. This has led to the use of more marginal donors with an increase in the rates of complications. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are a multipotent cell capable of modulating the immune system through a number of different processes and represent a potential therapy in post transplantation liver injury. In this study I describe the prospective isolation and culture expansion of murine MSC. In in vitro assays MSC suppressed T lymphocytes and following stimulus with inflammatory cytokines MSC secreted a number of cytokines including Il-10. In the MDR2-/- model intravenous MSC therapy led to a reduction in liver injury with an increase in restorative macrophages. Subcutaneous administration of MSC showed no beneficial effect. MSC were also tested in a hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury model where no effect was seen. In summary MSC were able to suppress lymphocyte proliferation and secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines in vitro, and in vivo they were able to reduce liver injury in the MDR2-/- model but not the hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury mode.
The Somatotypes and Body Composition of Elite Track and Field Athletes and Swimmers

The research was carried out on a sample of 26 elite Serbian track and field athletes (age 20.3±4,45yrs; height 181±7,81cm; weight 73,7±14,15kg, BMI 22,4±3,21kg/cm²), 13 swimmers (age 17±2,47yrs; height 178,3±8,24cm; weight 68,7±11,03kg; BMI 21,5±1,98kg/m²) and 30 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Nis (age 20,3±0,13yrs; height 180,1±1,56cm; weight 75,5±2,17kg; BMI 23,2±0,44kg/m²), all males, attending their first year at university (30), with the aim of determining their somatotype and body composition. The obtained results have confirmed that in the case of the athletes, we found several somatotypes: the balanced mesomorphic and endo-mesomorphic (30,8%), a central somatotype and ecto-mesomorphic somatotype (11,5%) and to a significantly smaller percentage, meso-endomorphic and meso-ectomorphic components (7,7%). In the case of the swimmers, three types of somatotypes were found: the balanced mesomorphic (46,15%), ecto-mesomorphic (30,77%) and meso-ectomorphic (23,08%) which defined a homogenous group. The students were defined by all forms of somatotypes, except the endo-ectomorphic (meso-endomorphic (33,33%), endo-mesomorphic (23,33%), while the other types were found in a much smaller percentage, which determined the heterogeneity of the group. The analysis of the body composition has indicated that all three components are greater among the students compared to the track and field athletes and swimmers, that is, that the students weigh more than the athletes, and the athletes weigh more than the swimmers. In the case of the track and field athletes, all three components are significantly greater among the throwers compared to the runners and jumpers, whose values are smallest. In the case of the swimmers, it was determined that BF% and FBM are greater for the butterfly style, while the NFBM is smaller compared to the other swimming styles. The multivariate analysis between the groups of athletes (track and field and swimmers) and the control group (students) for the variables BF%, FBM, NFBM, did not show any statistically significant differences, although the significance of the difference was right on the borderline value (p=0.058). At the univariate level, a statistically significant difference was noted between the group of athletes (track and field and swimmers) and the control group (students) for the variables BF%, FBM, NFBM. A statistically significant greater difference (p<0,05) was noted for BF% and FBM in favor of the students, while for the NFBM there is no statistically significant difference, which indicates that greater weight is a consequence of the greater amount of fat tissue.
THE ROLE OF MUCOLIPIN-1 IN PATHOGENESIS OF THE LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE MUCOLIPIDOSIS TYPE IV

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited disorders that are caused by the defective activity of lysosomal proteins, resulting in the intracellular accumulation of undigested lysosomal metabolites. Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a neurodegenerative, recessive disease that results in the accumulation of undigested material in most tissue types. MLIV is caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, encoding the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family member mucolipin-1 (TRP-ML1). While previous work has provided insight into the role of this protein in progression of MLIV, a detailed knowledge of TRP-ML1 function and subsequent role in MLIV pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this project was to gain a better understanding of TRP-ML1 function and to provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms behind MLIV pathogenesis. Since TRP-ML1 is lysosomally localized and is subject to proteolysis, I wanted to first examine the trafficking and characterize the processing of this protein. TRP-ML1 undergoes cleavage within its first extracellular loop during its biosynthetic delivery to lysosomes. The lysosomal delivery of TRP-ML1 is impaired by depletion of the Adaptor Protein (AP) complex AP-1, while proteolysis remains unaffected in cells lacking AP-1, indicating that cleavage may occur in a pre-lysosomal compartment. Current models of MLIV pathogenesis suggest that TRP-ML1 directly regulates the postendocytic membrane trafficking by mediating interactions between late endosomes and lysosomes. Acute down-regulation of TRP-ML1 reveals that the lysosomal delivery and degradation of various markers is unperturbed, arguing against this model for MLIV pathogenesis. However, LDL-derived cholesterol ester hydrolysis in MLIV fibroblasts was found to be selectively impaired, suggesting that loss of TRP-ML1 alters lysosomal hydrolytic activity and has a cumulative effect on lysosome function.My findings support a role for TRP-ML1 in maintenance of the ionic balance that is critical for proper lysosome function. This work is significant because it shifts focus away from the concept that TRP-ML1 only functions to regulate specific membrane trafficking events along the endocytic pathway. These results contribute to a more complete understanding of the physiological role of TRP-ML1 and broaden current understanding of MLIV progression, providing the basis for potential therapeutic treatment strategies.
Conservación por liofilización de diferentes especies de géneros de levaduras

Se evaluo la supervivencia de 10 cepas de diferentes especies de generos de levadura: Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-3, Saccharomyces uvarum U-57, Kluyveromyces fragilis, 98, Lodderomyces elongisporus 2605, Hansenula anomala 38.1. 1, Torulopsis kefyr 252, Candida utilis 49.3, Lipomyces starkeyi XLVII, Rhodotorula rubia RH-28, Zygosaccharomyces bailii 749 en 4 medios de liofilizacion con una temperatura final de precongelacion de -40 DC, rapidez de enfriamiento de 0, 3 DC/min y 16 h de liofilizacion. Se valoro la conservacion de las levaduras liofilizadas durante el tiempo en el medio de liofilizacion seleccionado antes y despues del procedimiento y a los 3, 6, 9 Y 12 meses de almacenamiento a 4 De. Se definieron las posibilidades de aplicacion del metodo de liofilizacion para la conservacion de la coleccion de levaduras, en cuanto a la supervivencia de cepas de las especies mas representativas de los 10 generos de levadura que conforman la coleccion. Se obtuvieron supervivencias para las levaduras evaluadas durante el proceso entre 82, 2 y 43, 3%, Y al termino de 1 ano de almacenamiento a 4 DC en un rango de 71, 6 a 32%. Se excluyo la cepa Lipomyces starkeyi XLVII, unica exponente de este genero, por la perdida total de su viabilidad durante el almacenamiento.
Percutaneous Management of Enterocutaneous Fistulae and Abscess–Fistula Complexes

Abstract Abscess–fistula complexes and enterocutaneous fistulae are due to postoperative, spontaneous, and inflammatory etiologies. Conservative, percutaneous, endoscopic, and surgical treatment options are available options. Interventional radiologists have an array of different treatment strategies, often starting with percutaneous drainage of associated intra-abdominal abscesses. This review article details different percutaneous management strategies, focusing on percutaneous catheter strategies for abscess-fistula complexes along with tract closures strategies for enterocutaneous fistulae.