Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of Real-time PCR Reference Genes of Muscle Metabolism in Harvested Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Faxonius limosus) Exposed to Seasonal Variation

Simple Summary In the age of shrinking stocks and intensive animal production alternative raw materials are in the eye of the scientists. Here, we aimed to identify molecular tools to evaluate the quality of spiny-cheek crayfish meat. Results showed a set of genes that were steadily or deferentially expressed between seasons and sexes. Additionally, the authors revealed genes involved in molting cycle and muscle growth/atrophy of the crayfish. The suite of molecular tools developed in the study have potential for the profiling of crayfish raw material quality in the food sector. Abstract Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive and broadly used technique of assessing gene activity. To obtain a reliable result, stably expressed reference genes are essential for normalization of transcripts in various samples. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis of reference genes for normalization of RT-qPCR data in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus). In this study, expression of five candidate reference genes (actb, β-actin; gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; eif, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a; ef-1α, elongation factor-1α; and tub, α-tubulin) in muscle samples from male and female F. limosus in spring and autumn was analyzed. Additionally, the most stable reference genes were used for accurate normalization of five target genes, i.e., tnnc, troponin c; ak, arginine kinase; fr, ferritin; ccbp-23, crustacean calcium-binding protein 23; and actinsk8, skeletal muscle actin 8. Results obtained using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms showed high consistency, and differences in the activity of the selected actb with eif genes were successfully identified. The spring and autumn activities of the target genes (except ak) in the muscle tissue of males and females differed significantly, showing that both sexes are immensely involved in an array of breeding behaviors in spring, and females intensively recover in the autumn season. Characterization of first reference genes in spiny-cheek crayfish will facilitate more accurate and reliable expression studies in this key species.
Homeostatic versus hedonic control of carbohydrate selection

Macronutrient intake is associated with cardiometabolic health, ageing and longevity, but the mechanisms underlying its regulation have remained unclear. Most rodents increase carbohydrate selection under certain physiological and pathological conditions such as fasting. When presented with a choice between a basally preferable high‐fat diet (HFD) and a high‐carbohydrate diet (HCD) such as a high‐sucrose diet, fasted mice first eat the HFD and then switch to the HCD during the first few hours of refeeding and continue to eat the HCD up to 24 h in the two‐diet choice approach. Such consumption of an HCD after fasting reverses the fasting‐induced increase in the plasma concentration of ketone bodies more rapidly than does refeeding with an HFD alone. 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐regulated neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that express corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) are necessary and sufficient for the fasting‐induced selection of carbohydrate over an HFD in mice. These neurons appear to contribute to a fasting‐induced increase in the positive valence of carbohydrate without affecting the preference for more palatable and energy‐dense diets such as an HFD. Identification of the neural circuits in which AMPK‐regulated CRH neurons in the PVH of mice are embedded should shed new light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for macronutrient selection.
Giant cell myocarditis in an older patient – reassessing the threshold for endomyocardial biopsy

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare form of autoimmune myocarditis with high morbidity and mortality that affects mainly middle‐aged adults. We report a case study of a 70‐year‐old man on chronic immunosuppression who presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia and symptoms of acute systolic heart failure, both with poor response to standard measures. A decision to pursue endomyocardial biopsy established the diagnosis of GCM and lead to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and a favourable outcome. Our case illustrates that a low threshold for endomyocardial biopsy in new onset heart failure can lead to actionable information even in patients of advanced age.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital between Motivational Orientations and Their Organizational Consequences

Just as we can speak of different personality traits, it is also possible to identify distinct motivational traits, which may be related to a series of organizational consequences. In this sense, understanding how these traits are related to workers performance is fundamental. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to test the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between such traits and organizational citizenship behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors, which is expected to be more significant in the first case. The study was carried out using a panel design, with a sample group of Spanish employees aged over 40 (n = 741), in two waves (with a 4-month interval). The results support the hypothesis that psychological capital resources may play a mediating role in some of the relationships explored and that approach orientation traits are mainly related to a better performance, fostering organizational citizenship behaviors and diminishing counterproductive work behavior. The findings show that employees who develop their personal resources may have a positive impact on their organizations. The implications of this study for counseling practices are discussed.
Exosomal Noncoding RNAs and Tumor Drug Resistance

Tumor drug resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) play a role in the progression of drug resistance. Recent studies have indicated that exosomes, with their in vitro and in vivo compatibility, are the best natural carrier of ncRNA, and their transport of ncRNA into cells could regulate drug resistance. Exosomal ncRNA impact drug resistance through participation in drug efflux, regulation of signaling pathways, and modification of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we evaluate the mechanism of exosomal ncRNA related to tumor drug resistance, their role in different tumors, and potential clinical applications.
Photosynthetic Potential andAccumulation of Assimilates intheDeveloping Chloroembryos of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub1

Thephotosynthetic potential ofleaves andchloroembryos of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubasmeasured by14C-bicarbonatefixation, Hill activity, andinvivofluorescence transients is compared. Onachlorophyll basis, darkfixation ofNaH14CO3 in chloroembryos was1.5times higher thanthat oftheleaf, whereas carbon fixation under illumination wasthreefold higher intheleaf thanintheembryos. Ratesof02evolution werefour times more inembryo thaninleaf chloroplasts. Shading ofdeveloping fruits onthedayofanthesis for10daysinduced a65%reduction in drymatter accumulation intheetiolated embryos, ascompared tothenormal greenembryos ofthesamefruit half covered bya transparent Polythene sheet. Thereduction indryweight, size of theembryos, andlevels ofassimilates after shading thedevelopingfruits may be ascribed topartial autotrophy ofthe chloroembryos.
Cook-EdTM: A Model for Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Cooking Programs to Improve Diet and Health

Domestic cooking education programs are typically designed to improve an individual’s food and cooking skills, although not necessarily diet quality. Currently, there are no comprehensive models to guide the planning, implementation and evaluation of domestic cooking education programs that focus on improving diet and health. Our aim was to address this through development of the Cooking Education (“Cook-EdTM”) model, using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model as the underlying Cook-EdTM framework. A review of the food and cooking skills education literature informed the content of the Cook-EdTM model. Cook-EdTM was critiqued by experts in consumer behaviour, cooking and nutrition education research and education until consensus on model content and format was reached. Cook-EdTM leads cooking program developers through eight distinct stages, engaging key stakeholders in a co-design process from the outset to tailor programs to address the need of individuals and inform the development of program content, program delivery, and evaluation. A Cook-EdTM scenario applied in practice is described. The proposed Cook-EdTM model has potential to be adapted for use in domestic cooking education programs delivered in clinical, community, school or research settings. Further research will establish Cook-EdTM’s utility in enhancing program development and in improving food and cooking skills, dietary patterns and health outcomes.
Cell lineage-dependent chiral actomyosin flows drive cellular rearrangements in early Caenorhabditis elegans development

Proper positioning of cells is essential for many aspects of development. Daughter cell positions can be specified via orienting the cell division axis during cytokinesis. Rotatory actomyosin flows during division have been implied in specifying and reorienting the cell division axis, but how general such reorientation events are, and how they are controlled, remains unclear. We followed the first nine divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans embryo development and demonstrate that chiral counter-rotating flows arise systematically in early AB lineage, but not in early P/EMS lineage cell divisions. Combining our experiments with thin film active chiral fluid theory we identify a mechanism by which chiral counter-rotating actomyosin flows arise in the AB lineage only, and show that they drive lineage-specific spindle skew and cell reorientation events. In conclusion, our work sheds light on the physical processes that underlie chiral morphogenesis in early development.
Use of technology by orientation and mobility professionals in Australia and Malaysia before COVID-19

Abstract Purpose Orientation and Mobility (O&M) professionals teach people with low vision or blindness to use specialist assistive technologies to support confident travel, but many O&M clients now prefer a smartphone. This study aimed to investigate what technology O&M professionals in Australia and Malaysia have, use, like, and want to support their client work, to inform the development of O&M technologies and build capacity in the international O&M profession. Materials and Methods A technology survey was completed by professionals (n = 36) attending O&M workshops in Malaysia. A revised survey was completed online by O&M specialists (n = 31) primarily in Australia. Qualitative data about technology use came from conferences, workshops and interviews with O&M professionals. Descriptive statistics were analysed together with free-text data. Results Limited awareness of apps used by clients, unaffordability of devices, and inadequate technology training discouraged many O&M professionals from employing existing technologies in client programmes or for broader professional purposes. Professionals needed to learn smartphone accessibility features and travel-related apps, and ways to use technology during O&M client programmes, initial professional training, ongoing professional development and research. Conclusions Smartphones are now integral to travel with low vision or blindness and early-adopter O&M clients are the travel tech-experts. O&M professionals need better initial training and then regular upskilling in mainstream O&M technologies to expand clients’ travel choices. COVID-19 has created an imperative for technology laggards to upskill for O&M tele-practice. O&M technology could support comprehensive O&M specialist training and practice in Malaysia, to better serve O&M clients with complex needs. Implications for rehabilitation Most orientation and mobility (O&M) clients are travelling with a smartphone, so O&M specialists need to be abreast of mainstream technologies, accessibility features and apps used by clients for orientation, mobility, visual efficiency and social engagement. O&M specialists who are technology laggards need human-guided support to develop confidence in using travel technologies, and O&M clients are the experts. COVID-19 has created an imperative to learn skills for O&M tele-practice. Affordability is a significant barrier to O&M professionals and clients accessing specialist travel technologies in Malaysia, and to O&M professionals upgrading technology in Australia. Comprehensive training for O&M specialists is needed in Malaysia to meet the travel needs of clients with low vision or blindness who also have physical, cognitive, sensory or mental health complications.
Identifying Nonphysical Intimate Partner Violence in Relationships: The Role of Beliefs and Schemas

While substantial research has been conducted on intimate partner violence (IPV), comparatively little research has examined peoples’ perceptions of which behaviors comprise this form of abuse. Early identification of IPV is critical to ending abuse, however, forms of IPV that typically occur earlier in a relationship (e.g., nonphysical abuse) may not be core components of peoples’ mental frameworks (schemas) of IPV and may therefore be less commonly identified as abusive. To explore this, in Study 1 participants from an Australian University (N = 86) separately described the relationships with IPV and nonphysical IPV. Analyses identified control, power imbalance, stereotypical gender dynamics (male perpetrator, female victim), physical abuse, and having a low socioeconomic status abuser as common components of participants’ IPV schema when not prompted with type of abuse. However, participants largely failed to describe nonphysical IPV behaviors, suggesting limited awareness of the specific behaviors that constitute abuse. To explore this in Study 2, participants from an Australian University (N = 305) were asked to categorize a range of specific behaviors (including physically abusive, nonphysically abusive, and nonabusive behaviors) as definitely, maybe, or never abusive. Drawing on the known positive association between gender and romantic beliefs with the experience of abuse, we also assessed the relationship of identification of IPV behaviors to these beliefs. Moderated multilevel modeling showed that nonphysical IPV behaviors were generally perceived as less abusive than physical IPV behaviors. In addition, stronger endorsement of romantic jealousy was associated with evaluating nonphysical IPV as less abusive. However, romantic jealousy beliefs were not significantly associated with the perceived abusiveness of physical IPV behaviors. Findings support the conclusion that individuals’ IPV schemas contribute to a failure to identify nonphysical IPV behaviors as abusive, and this is particularly true for people who more strongly endorse romantic jealousy.
Effects of Sotagliflozin Combined with Intensive Insulin Therapy in Young Adults with Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: The JDRF Sotagliflozin Study.

BACKGROUND Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) tend to have higher A1C than older adults and are at increased risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Oral adjuncts to insulin have not been previously studied in this population. METHODS In this phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, adults aged 18-30 years with T1D and A1C ≥9.0% were randomly assigned to placebo (n=42) or sotagliflozin 400 mg (n=43) in addition to insulin for 12 weeks. Insulin doses were adjusted to meet glucose targets (preprandial 80-130 mg/dL, postprandial <180 mg/dL). The primary endpoint was change from baseline in A1C at Week 12. RESULTS From a baseline of 9.8%, mean A1C decreased by 1.0% with placebo and 1.3% with sotagliflozin ( 0.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 0.1]; P=0.10 vs placebo). In the prespecified A1C ≤10.0% subgroup, the treatment difference was 0.8% ( 1.3 to 0.2; P=0.006), favoring sotagliflozin. Overall, relative to placebo, postprandial glucose (PPG) decreased by 56.6 mg/dL (-89.7 to -23.6; P<0.001) and weight by 2.37 kg ( 3.5 to 1.2; P<0.001). More patients achieved an A1C <7.0% with sotagliflozin (16.3%) than placebo (2.4%; P=0.026). Rates of documented hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia were similar between groups. One DKA event occurred with placebo and none with sotagliflozin. CONCLUSIONS In young adults with T1D and suboptimal glycemic control, sotagliflozin plus insulin for 12 weeks numerically improved A1C and significantly improved A1C goal attainment, PPG, and body weight. Sotagliflozin plus insulin was generally well tolerated without any episodes of DKA (NCT02383940).
Cytogenetic Analysis of Dairy Animals in India: An update

Animal clinical Cytogenetics started during 1960s. The majority of laboratories in India and abroad developed and started cytogenetic screening of cattle and buffaloes during last 5 decades which was parallel to human Cytogenetics. These laboratories were created almost exclusively within academic research institutions with a focus on basic research worldwide. However, a Cytogenetic screening programme in India was launched by the apex body, the National Dairy Development Board responsible for dairy development and animal improvement programmes during 1990s. Reduced fertility and infertility are major concern in dairy animals in India which could be due to poor breeding, feeding and management. However, it could also be due to chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations might be transmitted or spontaneous generated during mitotic or meiotic cell divisions. Therefore, complete eradication of chromosomal aberrations from the dairy animal population may not be possible. In view of this the regular chromosomal screening especially of breeding bulls at the early age ought to be done This practice will not only reduce the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in dairy animal population rather it will save the time and amount spent on rearing of abnormal animals. Various kind of structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities have been reported in India which is very less as compared to reported elsewhere. The chromosomal aberrations are reported mainly by conventional methods (banding of chromosomes) by which it is difficult to detect microdeletion, microduplication, microshiting translocation of minute fragments of chromosomes. The new molecular technologies like probe based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microarray may be applied to detect minor abnormalities so that they can be correlated with infertility problems.
MULTI-AXIAL TESTING OF PLANAR COMPOSITE SPECIMENS

Multi-axial stress states are common in structural components, yet failure of composites under multi-axial loading is relatively poorly understood. This situation has arisen because it has been extremely difficult to devise reliable multi-axial test methods. As a result, conservative failure criteria have to be used, and the effect has been to increase the mass of components. Since the mid 1970s, DERA has generated a large body of multi-axial test data using tubular specimens. However, this data cannot be directly applied to flatter composite laminates. DERA has recently made considerable progress in the use of flat cruciform specimens. These cruciform specimens have been used to obtain failures originating from openholes, filled-holes, and the sites of impact damage over the full spectrum of biaxial loading. The development of the test method and the results of tests on open holes have been presented here. This includes a discussion of detailed fractography and failure mode investigations.
Population Genetics of Phlebotomus papatasi from Endemic and Nonendemic Areas for Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Morocco, as Revealed by Cytochrome Oxidase Gene Subunit I Sequencing

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania major Yakimoff & Shokhor and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) is a public health concern in Morocco. The disease is endemic mainly in pre-Saharan regions on the southern slope of the High Atlas Mountains. The northern slope of the High Atlas Mountains and the arid plains of central Morocco remain non-endemic and are currently considered high risk for ZCL. Here we investigate and compare the population genetic structure of P. papatasi populations sampled in various habitats in historical foci and non-endemic ZCL areas. A fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified and sequenced in 59 individuals from 10 P. papatasi populations. Haplotype diversity was probed, a median-joining network was generated (FST) and molecular variance (AMOVA) were analyzed. Overall, we identified 28 haplotypes with 32 distinct segregating sites, of which seven are parsimony informative. The rate of private haplotypes was high; 20 haplotypes (71.4%) are private ones and exclusive to a single population. The phylogenetic tree and the network reconstructed highlight a genetic structuration of these populations in two well defined groups: Ouarzazate (or endemic areas) and Non-Ouarzazate (or nonendemic areas). These groups are separated by the High Atlas Mountains. Overall, our study highlights differences in terms of population genetics between ZCL endemic and non-endemic areas. To what extent such differences would impact the transmission of L. major by natural P. papatasi population remains to be investigated.
Resolving Toxic DNA repair intermediates in every E. coli replication cycle: critical roles for RecG, Uup and RadD

Abstract DNA lesions or other barriers frequently compromise replisome progress. The SF2 helicase RecG is a key enzyme in the processing of postreplication gaps or regressed forks in Escherichia coli. A deletion of the recG gene renders cells highly sensitive to a range of DNA damaging agents. Here, we demonstrate that RecG function is at least partially complemented by another SF2 helicase, RadD. A ΔrecGΔradD double mutant exhibits an almost complete growth defect, even in the absence of stress. Suppressors appear quickly, primarily mutations that compromise priA helicase function or recA promoter mutations that reduce recA expression. Deletions of uup (encoding the UvrA-like ABC system Uup), recO, or recF also suppress the ΔrecGΔradD growth phenotype. RadD and RecG appear to avoid toxic situations in DNA metabolism, either resolving or preventing the appearance of DNA repair intermediates produced by RecA or RecA-independent template switching at stalled forks or postreplication gaps. Barriers to replisome progress that require intervention by RadD or RecG occur in virtually every replication cycle. The results highlight the importance of the RadD protein for general chromosome maintenance and repair. They also implicate Uup as a new modulator of RecG function.