Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source of the 6 February 2013 M w = 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands Tsunami

Abstract. On 6 February 2013 an M w = 8.0 subduction earthquake occurred close to Santa Cruz Islands at the transition between the Solomon and the New Hebrides Trench. The ensuing tsunami caused significant inundation on the closest Nendo Island. The seismic source was studied with teleseismic broadband P-wave inversion optimized with tsunami forward modelling at DART buoys (Lay et al., 2013) and with inversion of teleseismic body and surface waves (Hayes et al., 2014a). The two studies also use different hypocentres and different planar fault models and found quite different slip models. In particular, Hayes et al. (2014a) argued for an aseismic slip patch SE from the hypocentre. We here develop a 3-D model of the fault surface from seismicity analysis and retrieve the tsunami source by inverting DART and tide-gauge data. Our tsunami source model features a main slip patch (peak value of ~ 11 m) SE of the hypocentre and reaching the trench. The rake direction is consistent with the progressively more oblique plate convergence towards the Solomon trench. The tsunami source partially overlaps the hypothesized aseismic slip area, which then might have slipped coseismically.
The ecology of peace: preparing Colombia for new political and planetary climates

This paper is the result of the INTERnational Conference on AtMosphere–BIOsphere Interactions (INTERCAMBIO), held in Medellin, Colombia, in October–November 2016. INTERCAMBIO was funded by Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Eafit, the Purdue Research Foundation (PRF), ICETEX, the Purdue Climate Change Research Center (PCCRC), the Colombia–Purdue Initiative (CPI), and the Colombian Student Association at Purdue (CSAP). Partial funding for JCV, JFS, AMR, PAA, DM‐B, and JAP was provided by Colciencias through “Programa de investigacion en la gestion de riesgo asociado con cambio climatico y ambiental en cuencas hidrograficas” convocatoria 543‐2011. Funding for LM was provided by the Ayudar Foundation from the UK University of Exeter's College Benefactors. Partial support for JSD was provided by the US Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture, through Hatch project 1000026.
Underwriting Area-based Yield Insurance to Crowd- in Credit Supply Demand

Recent theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that risk (especially covariant risk that is correlated across producers) may discourage both the supply of agricultural credit and the willingness of small holders to utilize available credit and enjoy the higher expected incomes credit could make available to them. One possible resolution to this problem is to remove risk from the system by independently insuring it. However, conventional (all hazard) crop insurance has in almost every instance been rendered financially unsustainable by moral hazard and adverse selection problems. This paper instead analyzes two index-based insurance schemes, one based on a weather index, and a second based on measured average yields. While these index insurance products do not protect the farmer from all risks, our econometric analysis (which is based on data from the north coast of Peru) shows that they could have substantial value to the producer and could also crowd-in credit supply from lenders reluctant to carry too much covariant risk in their loan portfolios. We also show that insurance based on measured yields is markedly superior to a weather index (for both borrowers and lenders). We close by arguing that present and past public good failures justify public intervention in this area, and analyze the feasibility of a public scheme to initially underwrite the costs and uncertainties associated with area-based yield insurance.
An Empirical Exploration of the Yarn in Big Data

The growth in population and progression of internet services, data size is getting increased day by day where 105000s of Trillion of data files are there in cloud available in unstructured nature. The coming times of Big Data are rapidly arriving for just about all industries. The Big Data can help in metamorphose major business processes by advisable and correct analysis of accessible data. Big data have also played an essential role in crime discover. Hadoop is opensource software in the form of an extremely scalable and fault tolerant distributed system which plays a very remarkable role in data storage and its processing. The Apache Hadoop Yarn is an open source framework developed by Apache Software Foundation. It is used for nursing Big Data. It endows storage as well as processing functionality. In this paper, we aimed to demonstrate a close look to about Yarn. The Yarn as a usual computing fabric to support MapReduce and another application instance within of the same kind Hadoop cluster. Yarn allow multiple applications to run simultaneously on the coequal shared cluster and assent applications to negotiate resources based on necessity. In the end, we are in a nutshell discuss about the design, development, and current state of deployment of the next generation of Hadoop's computes platform Yarn.
The XMM Cluster Outskirts Project (X-COP): Thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium out to R200 in Abell 2319

Aims. We present the joint analysis of the X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) signals in Abell 2319, the galaxy cluster with the highest signal-to-noise ratio in SZ Planck maps and that has been surveyed within our XMM-Newton Cluster Outskirts Project (X-COP), a very large program which aims to grasp the physical condition in 12 local (z < 0.1) and massive (M200 > 3 × 1014 M⊙) galaxy clusters out to R200 and beyond. Methods. We recover the profiles of the thermodynamic properties by the geometrical deprojection of the X-ray surface brightness, of the SZ Comptonization parameter, and accurate and robust spectroscopic measurements of the gas temperature out to 3.2 Mpc (1.6 R200), 4 Mpc (2 R200), and 1.6 Mpc (0.8 R200), respectively. We resolve the clumpiness of the gas density to be below 20% over the entire observed volume. We also demonstrate that most of this clumpiness originates from the ongoing merger and can be associated with large-scale inhomogeneities (the “residual” clumpiness). We estimate the total mass through the hydrostatic equilibrium equation. This analysis is done both in azimuthally averaged radial bins and in eight independent angular sectors, enabling us to study in detail the azimuthal variance of the recovered properties. Results. Given the exquisite quality of the X-ray and SZ datasets, their radial extension, and their complementarity, we constrain at R200 the total hydrostatic mass, modelled with a Navarro–Frenk–White profile at very high precision (M200 = 10.7 ± 0.5stat. ± 0.9syst. × 1014 M⊙). We identify the ongoing merger and how it is affecting differently the gas properties in the resolved azimuthal sectors. We have several indications that the merger has injected a high level of non-thermal pressure in this system: the clumping free density profile is above the average profile obtained by stacking Rosat/PSPC observations; the gas mass fraction recovered using our hydrostatic mass profile exceeds the expected cosmic gas fraction beyond R500; the pressure profile is flatter than the fit obtained by the Planck Collaboration; the entropy profile is flatter than the mean profile predicted from non-radiative simulations; the analysis in azimuthal sectors has revealed that these deviations occur in a preferred region of the cluster. All these tensions are resolved by requiring a relative support of about 40% from non-thermal to the total pressure at R200.
Automated Hyper-parameter Tuning for Machine Learning Models in Machine Health Prognostics

Recent studies have revealed the success of data-driven machine health monitoring, which motivates the use of machine learning models in machine health prognostic tasks. While the machine learning approach to health monitoring is gaining importance, the construction of machine learning models is often impeded by the difficulty in choosing the underlying hyper-parameter configuration (HP-config), which governs the construction of the machine learning model. While an effective choice of HP-config can be achieved with human effort, such an effort is often time consuming and requires domain knowledge. In this paper, we consider the use of Bayesian optimization algorithms, which automate an effective choice of HP-config by solving the associated hyperparameter optimization problem. Numerical experiments on the data from PHM 2016 Data Challenge demonstrate the salience of the proposed automatic framework, and exhibit improvement over default HP-configs in standard machine learning packages or chosen by a human agent.
New emission line at ~3.5 keV - observational status, connection with radiatively decaying dark matter and directions for future studies

Recent works of [1402.2301,1402.4119], claiming the detection of extra emission line with energy ~3.5 keV in X-ray spectra of certain clusters of galaxies and nearby Andromeda galaxy, have raised considerable interest in astrophysics and particle physics communities. A number of new observational studies claim detection or non-detection of the extra line in X-ray spectra of various cosmic objects. In this review I summarize existing results of these studies, overview possible interpretations of the extra line, including intriguing connection with radiatively decaying dark matter, and show future directions achievable with existing and planned X-ray cosmic missions.
Dynamic portrait of the region occupied by the Hungaria asteroids: the influence of Mars

The region occupied by the Hungaria asteroids has a high dynamical complexity. In this paper, we analyse the main dynamic structures and their influence on the known asteroids through the construction of maps of initial conditions. We evolve a set of test particles placed on a perfectly rectangular grid of initial conditions during 3 Myr under the gravitational influence of the Sun and eight planets, from Mercury to Neptune. Moreover, we use the method MEGNO in order to obtain a complete dynamical portrait of the region. A comparison of our maps with the distribution of real objects allows us to detect the main dynamical mechanisms acting in the domain under study such as mean-motion and secular resonances. Our main results is the existence of a small area inside a stable region where are placed the Hungaria asteroids. We found that the influence of Mars has an important role for the dynamic structure of the region, defining the limits for this population of asteroids. Our result is in agreement with previous studies, which have indicated the importance of the eccentricity of Mars for the stability of Hungaria asteroids. However, we found that the secular resonance resulting from the precession of perihelion due to a coupling with that of Jupiter proposed as limit for the Hungaria region could not be determinant for this population of asteroids.
Selective block buffering TLB system for embedded processors

The authors present a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) system with low power consumption for embedded processors. The proposed TLB is constructed as multiple banks, each with an associated block buffer and a corresponding comparator. Either the block buffer or the main bank is selectively accessed on the basis of two bits in the tag buffer. Dynamic power savings are achieved by reducing the number of entries accessed in parallel, as a result of using the tag buffer as a filtering mechanism. The performance overhead of the proposed TLB is negligible compared with other hierarchical TLB structures. For example, the two-cycle overhead of the proposed TLB is only ∼1%, as compared with 5% overhead for a filter (micro)-TLB and 14% overhead for a banked-TLB with block buffering. The authors show that the average hit ratios of the block buffers and the main banks of the proposed TLB are 94% and 6%, respectively. Dynamic power is reduced by ∼93% with respect to a fully associative TLB, 87% with respect to a filter-TLB and 60% relative to a banked-TLB with block buffering. Therefore, significant power savings are achieved with only a small performance degradation.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN MOONMILK MONITORED USING ISOTHERMAL MICROCALORIMETRY (CAVE OF VERS CHEZ LE BRANDT, NEUCHATEL, SWITZERLAND)

Studies of the influence of microbial communities on calcium carbonate deposits mostly rely on classical or molecular microbiology, isotopic analyses, and microscopy. Using these techniques, it is difficult to infer microbial activities in such deposits. In this context, we used isothermal microcalorimetry, a sensitive and non- destructive tool, to measure microbial activities associated with moonmilk ex-situ. Upon the addition of diluted LB medium and other carbon sources to fresh moonmilk samples, we estimated the number of colony forming units per gram of moonmilk to be 4.8 3 10 5 6 0.2 3 10 5 . This number was close to the classical plate counts, but one cannot assume that all active cells producing metabolic heat were culturable. Using a similar approach, we estimated the overall growth rate and generation time of the microbial community associated with the moonmilk upon addition of various carbon sources. The range of apparent growth rates of the chemoheterotrophic microbial community observed was between 0.025 and 0.067 h 21 and generation times were between 10 and 27 hours. The highest growth rates were observed for citrate and diluted LB medium, while the highest carbon-source consumption rates were observed for low molecular weight organic acids (oxalate and acetate) and glycerol. Considering the rapid degradation of organic acids, glucose, and other carbon sources observed in the moonmilk, it is obvious that upon addition of nutrients during snow melting or rainfall these communities can have high overall activities comparable to those observed in some soils. Such communities can influence the physico-chemical conditions and participate directly or indirectly to the formation of moonmilk.
CLASSIFICATION OF POLE-LIKE OBJECTS USING POINT CLOUDS AND IMAGES CAPTURED BY MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEMS

Abstract. The vehicle-based mobile mapping system (MMS) is effective for capturing 3D shapes and images of roadside objects. The laser scanner and cameras on the MMS capture point-clouds and sequential digital images synchronously during driving. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting and classifying pole-like objects using both point-clouds and images captured using the MMS. In our method, pole-like objects are detected from point-clouds, and then target objects, which are objects attached to poles, are extracted for identifying the types of pole-like objects. For associating each target object with images, the points of the target object are projected onto images, and the image of the target object is cropped. Each pole-like object is represented as a feature vector, which are calculated from point-clouds and images. The feature values of a point-cloud are calculated by point processing, and the ones of the cropped image are calculated using a convolutional neural network. The feature values of point-clouds and images are unified, and they are used as the input to machine learning. In experiments, we classified pole-like objects using three methods. The first method used only point-clouds, the second used only images, and the third used both point-clouds and images. The experimental results showed that the third method could most accurately classify pole-like objects.
Modeling of a Small Transportation Company’s Start-Up with Limited Data during Economic Recession

This paper presents a modeling method for analyzing a small transportation company’s start-up and growth during a global economic crisis which had an impact on China which is designed to help the owners make better investment and operating decisions with limited data. Since there is limited data, simple regression model and binary regression model failed to generate satisfactory results, so an additive periodic time series model was built to forecast business orders and income. Since the transportation market is segmented by business type and transportation distance, a polynomial model and logistic curve model were constructed to forecast the growth trend of each segmented transportation market, and the seasonal influence function was fitted by seasonal ratio method. Although both of the models produced satisfactory results and showed very nearly the same of goodness-of-fit in the sample, the logistic model presented better forecasting performance out of the sample therefore closer to the reality. Additionally, by checking the development trajectory of the case company’s business and the financial crisis in 2008, the modeling and analysis suggest that the sample company is affected by national macroeconomic factors such as GDP and import & export, and this effect comes with a time lag of one to two years.
Simultaneous multichannel NRZ-to-RZ format conversion of 4-ASK signal based on phase-intensity hybrid modulation and dispersion compensation fiber

We propose and investigate a novel technique to realize non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to return-to-zero (RZ) format conversion of a multichannel 4-ary amplitude shift keying (4-ASK) signal. The proposed format converter composed of two modulators and a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is theoretically investigated using numerical simulation as basis. Research shows that a 4-channel 20-Gb/s NRZ-4-ASK signal can be converted to a RZ-4-ASK signal simultaneously without wavelength shifting and signal quality degradation, with the converted signal multiplexed to 40 Gb/s.
Comparing Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessments to the In-the-Moment Reinforcer Analysis

The provision of reinforcement to increase desired behaviors is a crucial element of behavior analytic intervention for individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Formal preference assessments, like the multiple stimulus without replacement procedure (MSWO), are often used to determine reinforcers used during intervention. While these types of assessments have been widely investigated, there is no empirical evidence to support that these rigorous methods of reinforcement identification produce higher rates of responding compared to the in-the-moment reinforcer analysis. The present study compared the average number of chips sorted per session on a sorting task when participants were reinforced with items selected based on an MSWO preference assessment versus items provided using in-the-moment reinforcer analysis. The results showed no significant difference in the average number of chips sorted, however there were differences in terms of efficiency.
Sectoral Systems of Production and Work - the Example of Low-Skilled Industrial Work

The empirical starting point of this contribution is an employment segment that is referred to as “lowskilled industrial work”. Conceptually, this contribution relates to the recent discussion in the field of comparative political economy emphasizing the diversity within varieties of capitalism. It focuses on the German production model which has been regarded as a system dominated by a highly innovative and skill-based system. By comparison, the thesis is put forth that low-skilled industrial work is a central element of a sectoral system of production and work which represents a hitherto overlooked specific “subsystem” of the German national production system. The methodological basis of this contribution is a secondary analysis of data from labour market and social research as well as findings from company case studies.
Apologies in Higher Education: Students' Perceptions of Professors Who Apologize

Page 4 Introduction Page 5 What are the Components of an Apology? Page 5 Are Apologies Effective? Page 6 Methods Page 8 Overview Page 8 Participants Page 8 Instruments Page 9 Results Page 11 Manipulation Check Page 11 Willingness to Forgive Page 11 Transformational leadership perceptions Page 12 Service quality perceptions Page 12 Competence Page 12 Gender perceptions Page 12 Discussion Page 13 Limitations and directions for future research Page 15 Conclusion Page 16 References Page 18 Table 1 Page 21 Table 2 Page 22 Appendices Page 23 Appendix 1 Page 23 Appendix 2 Page 24 Appendix 3 Page 25 Appendix 4 Page 26
An Overview of Light, Optics and Appearance Concepts

In this document, we review fundamental aspects of light interaction with matter, including the definition of optics and radiometric quantities used throughout the half-day tutorial “Modeling the Spectral Responses of Natural Materials under Varying Environmental Parameters: Theoretical and Practical Challenges” presented at the IGARSS 2008. This material was also included as part of the notes of another tutorial presented by the author [3].
The influence of protected kapok seed oil supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentability and linoleic acid status with Etawah crossbred goat rumen fluid and elephant grass as feed

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of protected kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil supplementation upon the in vitro relative proportion of linoleic acid and ruminal fermentation parameters using rumen fluid of Etawah crossbred goat and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as feed. Research materials used were elephant grass (EG), kapok seed oil (KSO), lactating Etawah crossbred goat (ECG) rumen fluid, potassiumhydroxide (KOH) and calciumchloride(CaCl2). There were two treatment factors, namely KSO supplementation as factor I (S) and protection as factor II (P). The first factor consists of four levels, namely 5% (S1), 10% (S2), 15% (S3) and without KSO supplementation (S0), while the second factor consists of 5 levels, namely: 0% (P0), 25%(P1), 50% (P2), 75% (P3) and100% (P4), thus there were 15 combinations of treatment and one control (S0P0). Measured variables consisting of: in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), the molar proportion of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid: propionic acid (A/P) ratio, the relative proportion of linoleic acid, stearic acid and ruminal lipid iodine number (IN). The results showed that 5% of unprotected KSO supplementation increased the molar proportion of propionic acid from 21.30% in the EG without supplementation becomes to 23.67% (P <0.05) without any negative effect on IVNDFD. Supplementation of protected KSO at 10 and 75% protection level increased (P <0.05) the molar proportion of propionic acid significantly (35.49%) with A / P ratio: 1.68 without significant IVNDFD variation. Increasing levels of KSO supplementation (up to 15%) increased the relative proportion of ruminal linoleic acid, followed by increasing in iodine number. The combination between KSO supplementation and protection increased the ruminal linoleic acid relative proportion and lipid iodine number, were 47.14% and 51.09, respectively. The KSO supplementation at the level of 10% with 75% protection level can resulted in the same proportion of linoleic acid to 15% KSO supplementation with 75% protection level (45.39 and 46.50 and 97%, respectively) with higher IVNDFD (P<0.05), namely 50.97 vs. 45.44%). Key words: Kapok seed oil, protection, linoleic acid, ruminal fermentability, elephant grass, Etawah crossbred goat, in vitro, linoleic acid.