Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevation‐dependent changes in reference evapotranspiration due to climate change

The Food and Agriculture Organizations' (FAO) Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a crucial index in the research of water and energy balance. Temporal and spatial variations in ET0 from 1981–2017 were investigated in the Hengduan Mountains, China. The results showed a change point around the year 2000 in ET0 series. ET0 decreased and increased significantly by +3.200 mm/year (p < 0.01) from 1981–2000 and by +4.109 mm/year (p < 0.01) from 2001–2017, respectively. The contribution analysis shows that the positive significant contribution of air temperature (TA) was offset by negative effects of decreases in downward shortwave radiation (Rs) and wind speed (WS) and an increase in actual vapour pressure (ea), causing the decrease in ET0 from 1981 to 2000. WS was the largest contributing factor for the decrease in ET0 from 1981 to 2000 during spring, winter and annually, while Rs and ea were the largest negative contributors in summer and autumn, respectively. An increase in TA was responsible for the increase in ET0 in all seasons except winter and the annual scale in 2001–2017. The sensitivity analysis shows that ET0 was most sensitive to TA, and WS was the least sensitive variable. The trends of ET0 increased with elevation; we denote this as the elevation‐dependence of ET0 changes. The elevation‐dependence was also noted for the trends of WS and ea, with higher elevations showing larger changes in WS and lower changes in ea. Besides, the sensitivities of TA, Rs and ea decreased with elevation, while that of WS increased slightly with elevation. A comprehensive investigation into the trends of climatic drivers and their sensitivities revealed complex trends of the contributions of climatic variables on ET0 with elevation, with no uniform trend existed in seasons. The results will contribute to our understanding of the response of ET0 to climate change in a mountainous area, and provide a guideline for the water resources management under climate change.
An Innovative Framework for Teaching/Learning Technical Courses in Architectural Education

This study presents a teaching/learning framework based on parallels between problem-based learning (PBL), constructivist pedagogy, and design, which enables students to learn technical courses in a way that promotes sustainable and self-directed learning. The study used qualitative content analysis of literature surveyed from scientific databases to determine thematic codes and find the relations. The theoretical framework was implemented in a case study conducted in a second-year course in building construction technology at Tishk International University, Sulaimaniya, Iraq. The results indicate that solving ill-defined problems increased student enjoyment in learning various subjects through several teaching methods including self-directed learning. The instructor’s role is to facilitate learning rather than to provide knowledge by showing the solutions. This stimulates the students’ curiosity toward understanding problems and approaching solutions through a game-based scheme. The suggested framework can be a guide for instructors teaching technical courses of any kind. This method equips students with technical knowledge that benefits them in their studies and their professional lives after graduation, as they can integrate both their design and technical knowledge.
Alcohol Dehydration by Extractive Distillation with Use of Aminoethers of Boric Acid

Aminoethers of boric acid (AEBA) were studied as potential extractants for the separation of aqueous–alcoholic azeotropic mixtures by extractive distillation. The conditions of vapor–liquid equilibrium in aqueous solutions of ethanol and isopropanol in the presence of AEBA were studied. The division of AEBA molecules into group components was proposed, and previously unknown geometric parameters of the boron group and the energetic pair parameters of the boron group with the alkane group, ether group, amine-3d group, and alcohol group were determined within the framework of the Universal Functional Group Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) model. The modeling of the extractive rectification process of an ethanol–water mixture with AEBA as extractant has been carried out. The dependences of the cost function on the extractant flow rate, the residual water content in it and the number of theoretical trays were obtained. A technological scheme for ethanol dehydration has been proposed, and its technological characteristics have been calculated.
Kinetics of Lanthanum Retention and Tissue Distribution in the Beagle Dog Following Administration of 140lacl3 by Inhalation, Gavage and Injection

Abstract Lanthanum tissue distribution kinetics following inhalation and gavage of 140LaCl3 and injection of 140La in various chemical forms were studied in the Beagle dog. The solution of a kinetic model was presented describing the tissue distribution of 140La after aerosol exposure. Tissue distribution patterns after injection of 140LaCl3 in solutions at pH 3.5, 4.5, and 6.5 and 140La-citrate were markedly different from those obtained after inhalation of aerosol particles containing 140LaCl3. The results indicate that tissue distribution patterns are greatly influenced by the chemical nature of the La presented to the biological system and that injection studies involving 140La are of limited value for interpreting the results or predicting the fate of inhaled La. The highest radiation dose following inhalation of 140LaCl3 CsCl particles (activity median aerodynamic diameter of 1.8 μ) was received by the nasal turbinates followed in decreasing order by lung, gastrointestinal tract, liver, skeleton and bronchial lymph nodes.
Identification of exogenous ABA and heat stress tolerance in various cotton genotypes

Abstract Cotton fibre yield and quality are markedly influenced by drought and high-temperature stress. We examined the traits of the leaf stomata in 39 cotton genotypes subjected to exogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, electrolyte leakage under 40°C thermal stress, and relative GhHsfA, GhbZIP and GhHSP70 expression levels under two treatments. Stomatal density and area ranged from 66 to 182/mm2 and 663 to 1305 μm2, respectively. Under exogenous ABA signalling, the changes in stomatal aperture (ΔSAp) were in the range of 2.5–31.2%; ΔSAp and relative GhHsfA, GhbZIP and GhHSP70 expression levels were significantly correlated, respectively. Electrolyte leakage increased unequally among cotton genotypes after heat stress. The changes in electrolyte leakage (ΔEL) and relative GhHsfA, GhbZIP and GhHSP70 expression levels were very strongly correlated, respectively. Their relative expression levels could be used as references for the rapid identification of stress-tolerant cotton strains. Cluster analysis of the 39 cotton genotypes indicated that Xinluzao36, Shiyang1, shinong98-7 and Zhongmiansuo293 are heat- and drought-resistant. We integrated both analysis of physiological parameters and molecular methods to identify cotton varieties with the drought and heat tolerance, in order to provide a reference for the selection of materials and methods for the research and production of cotton.
Buying on Weixin/WeChat: Proposing a sociomaterial approach of platform studies

This article examines the social-commercial activity of microcommerce (wei shang), which has become popular on Weixin (WeChat), one of the most popular messenger applications/social app installed on smartphones in China. By drawing on the notion of platform affordances and data collected from mixed methods centered on the analysis of primary and secondary data, we contend that microcommerce embodies Weixin’s structural (political economy) and cultural (social lives and norms) qualities in China. While microcommerce might have emerged from Weixin’s ecosystem, which is defined by corporate interest and state’s regulatory power, the practice of microcommerce is embedded within the traditional Chinese notion of shuren guanxi (familiar, non-stranger social relational) networks. This article puts forward a sociomaterial approach as a possible conceptual complement to the existing political economy approach of platform studies to call for greater attention to the intersection and interaction between the structural arrangements and social conditions of platform media.
PROTOCOL OF A SCOPING REVIEW TO MAP EVIDENCE AND PERFORM THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH PUBLISHED BY DOCTORS OF CHIROPRACTIC AT THE VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

Objective: Chiropractors have realized significant professional growth within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) over the past decade, which was recently accelerated by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2018. Most, if not all, of the published literature from VHA chiropractors have come from clinician-scientists and focused on describing their clinical settings. The objectives of our proposed scoping review are to explore the peer-reviewed literature, map research evidence, identify overarching themes and commonalities, and produce a gap analysis. Methods: This study will follow the guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis scoping review extension (PRISMA-ScR). This approach includes: 1) formulating the research questions, 2) identifying relevant studies, 3) selecting the literature, 4) charting the data, 5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results, and 6) consultation with key stakeholders. Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be included if authored by current and prior chiropractors working within VHA. Only publications written in the English language will be considered. All databases included will be searched since 2004. The scoping review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/XGJ52. Discussion: The results of the proposed scoping review will be disseminated through scientific publication, conferences and future workshops with stakeholders relevant to VHA and chiropractic. Appraising the current themes of the literature may help stakeholders to prioritize research questions and assist with the development of research mentorship.
EFFECT OF PRESS DISPLACEMENT ON IMPREGNATION PROPERTIES IN MELTED THERMOPLASTIC-RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING OF CONTINUOUS FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES

The use of fiber reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP), which has high specific strength and specific stiffness, and excellent productivity and recyclability, is expected for weight reduction of the automotive body. Structural components made of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites with excellent mechanical properties are usually manufactured by secondary processing using laminated composites of fabrics which are pre-impregnated with thermoplastics. Since this method uses high-cost intermediate materials, development of a low-cost molding method is needed. A melted thermoplastic-resin transfer molding (MT-RTM) method in which a dry fabric of continuous fiber is impregnated with melted thermoplastic using an injection-press hybrid molding machine, has been developed. In this method, to impregnate continuous fibers with matrix resin is a key technology. In this study, GF/PA6 products with different press displacement after resin injection were molded by MT-RTM, and the cross-sectional observation and tensile test of the molded product were conducted to clarify the effect of press displacement on resin impregnation. When the amount of press displacement after injection is small, the ratio of the injected resin layer becomes large, and impregnation into continuous fibers becomes insufficient. In order to produce a molded product with a low voids content without forming a resin layer, it is necessary to maintain the press displacement after injection.
On the Relaxation Effect in the Electrical Conductivity of Plasmas and Electrolytes

We apply the general formalism developed by Prigogine and co‐workers to the problem of transport in plasmas and in electrolytes. Taking into account the collective effects due to the long range character of Coulomb forces, we obtain first an exact transport equation for a dilute plasma which we then generalize to an electrolyte, using a semiphenomenological description of the solvant. Special attention is given to the internal field effect which is shown to result from the interference between the external field and the collision processes. We show that, in very simple cases, good agreement is obtained with the Debye—Onsager limiting laws.
Application of REMPI to highly rarefied gas flows

In this study, the experimental system for 2R+2 N/sub 2/-REMPI (Resonantly Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization) is established and applied to measurement of the rotational temperature in a supersonic free molecular nitrogen flow. In the 2R+2 N/sub 2/ REMPI technique, nitrogen molecules are ionized by two steps from the ground state to the resonance state by 2 photons and from the resonance state to the ionization state by 2 photons. The nitrogen ions are detected as a signal and its spectra depending on the wavelength of an irradiated laser beam are analyzed to measure the rotational temperature. The new Boltzmann plot method using spectral lines belonging to multiple branches is proposed to measure the rotational temperature more precisely, also showing the feasibility of the temperature measurement by the best fitting of the theoretical spectra to the experimental one. There appear the non-equilibrium phenomena in the highly rarefied gas flows, such as the translational and rotational non-equilibrium and the rotational non-equilibrium. The non-Boltzmann distribution (strong non-equilibrium) of the rotational mode in the ground state is found in the free molecular nitrogen flow using the REMPI technique.
Estimating the contribution of key populations towards HIV transmission in South Africa

In generalized epidemic settings, there is insufficient understanding of how the unmet HIV prevention and treatment needs of key populations (KPs), such as female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM), contribute to HIV transmission. In such settings, it is typically assumed that HIV transmission is driven by the general population. We estimated the contribution of commercial sex, sex between men, and other heterosexual partnerships to HIV transmission in South Africa (SA).
Overexpression of BvHb2, a Class 2 Non-Symbiotic Hemoglobin from Sugar Beet, Confers Drought-Induced Withering Resistance and Alters Iron Content in Tomato

Drought stress is one of the major threats to agriculture and concomitantly to food production. Tomato is one of the most important industrial crops, but its tolerance to water scarcity is very low. Traditional plant breeding has a limited margin to minimize this water requirement. In order to design novel biotechnological approaches to cope with this problem, we have screened a plant cDNA library from the halotolerant crop sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for genes able to confer drought/osmotic stress tolerance to the yeast model system upon overexpression. We have identified the gene that encodes BvHb2, a class 2 non-symbiotic hemoglobin, which is present as a single copy in the sugar beet genome, expressed mainly in leaves and regulated by light and abiotic stress. We have evaluated its biotechnological potential in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and found that BvHb2 is able to confer drought and osmotic stress tolerance. We also generated transgenic lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) overexpressing BvHb2 and found that the resulting plants are more resistant to drought-induce withering. In addition, transgenic lines overexpressing BvHb2 exhibit increased levels of iron content in leaves. Here, we show that class 2 non-symbiotic plant hemoglobins are targets to generate novel biotechnological crops tolerant to abiotic stress. The fact that these proteins are conserved in plants opens the possibility for using Non-GMO approaches, such as classical breeding, molecular breeding, or novel breeding techniques to increase drought tolerance using this protein as a target.
Paradigm shifts in forestry and forest research: a bibliometric analysis

Forestry literature often suggests that the scope of forestry and forest research has changed, though there is limited empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. We used a bibliometric approach to quantify changes in word frequency in titles of documents in the Web of Science category “forestry”. Single words and word pairs (bigrams) were extracted from a total of 150 679 documents across 651 sources that spanned the period of 1956–2019. We identified increasing and decreasing trends in word frequency, identified influential documents, and examined country of origin. The number of documents published in forestry research has increased annually, with the United States, Canada, and China producing the highest quantities. The most influential documents in the data set involved methodology, stand development, and climate change. Word frequencies revealed a shift in research away from sustained-yield-based forestry and towards a more interdisciplinary view of forests as ecologically important, dynamic systems. We argue that changes in research trends reflect a broader paradigm shift towards sustainable forest management.
Combining Deforestation and Species Distribution Models to Improve Measures of Chimpanzee Conservation Impacts of REDD: A Case Study from Ntakata Mountains, Western Tanzania

Projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) are designed to reduce carbon emissions through avoided deforestation and degradation, and in many cases, to produce additional community and biodiversity conservation co-benefits. While these co-benefits can be significant, quantifying conservation impacts has been challenging, and most projects use simple species presence to demonstrate positive biodiversity impact. Some of the same tools applied in the quantification of climate mitigation benefits have relevance and potential application to estimating co-benefits for biodiversity conservation. In western Tanzania, most chimpanzees live outside of national park boundaries, and thus face threats from human activity, including competition for suitable habitat. Through a case study of the Ntakata Mountains REDD project in western Tanzania, we demonstrate a combined application of deforestation modelling with species distribution models to assess forest conservation benefits in terms of avoided carbon emissions and improved chimpanzee habitat. The application of such tools is a novel approach that we argue permits the better design of future REDD projects for biodiversity co-benefits. This approach also enables project developers to produce the more manageable, accurate and cost-effective monitoring, reporting and verification of project impacts that are critical to verification under carbon standards.
The Significance of Low-frequency Interferometric Observations for the GPS Pulsar Flux Estimation: The Case of J1740+1000

In this paper we present recent Low Frequency Array observations of the pulsar J1740+1000. We confirm that its spectrum has a turnover at 260 MHz, which is unusual for a typical pulsar. We argue that in this case interferometric imaging provides more accurate pulsar flux estimates than other, more traditional, means such as beamformed observations. We conclude that existing calibration and imaging techniques can be used for a more comprehensive study of the influence of the interstellar medium on the point-like sources at very low frequencies in the near future.
Partition of biomass and nitrogen in a potato crop under three nitrogen fertilization treatments

Nitrogen nutrition considerably influences the process of growing and producing potato crops. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the pattern of biomass and nitrogen partitioning during the growth of potato crop in Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela. Experimental land plots were set, with a randomized blocks design, and with three different fertilization treatment settings for the "Granola" cultivar. The first one without nitrogen (0-N), the next one with 133 Kg N Ha-1 (133-N), and the last one with 400 Kg N Ha-1 (400-N). In the main phenological stages of the crop, biomass and nitrogen levels were measured for each organ. The performance of the tubers and the total biomass are strongly influenced by the availability of nitrogen and assimilatory biomass. The total biomass production, as well as the biomass and nitrogen partitioning to each organ, showed the following sequence: 400-N > 133-N > 0-N. However, biomass and nitrogen partitioning to the roots and stolons was higher in the treatment with limited nitrogen levels. Proportional changes among aboveground and belowground biomass are adaptive responses to nitrogen deficit conditions, which, in their turn, are determining factors in crop production.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF POLYLACTIC ACID

Polylactic acid is one of the most used materials in Additive Manufacturing technologies, especially in Fused Filament Fabrication. Although its tensile strength is relatively good in comparison with other materials in the same price category, it is possible to increase it after printing by annealing. One of the most important parameters for annealing is the annealing temperature. This article deals with experimental testing of the influence of annealing temperature on tensile strength and change of dimensions of polylactic acid samples produced by Fused Filament Fabrication. Three different variations of polylactic acid material were used for testing. The samples were annealed at 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 °C for 30 minutes and then after gradual cooling in air, they were remeasured to determine their deformation. All the annealed samples and a set of nonannealed samples were subjected to a tensile test. Compared to the nonannealed samples, all annealed ones changed their tensile strength depending on the annealed temperature. Also, a dependence of the annealing temperature on the dimension change was found.
Ethylene mediated physiological response for in vitro development of salinity tolerant tomato

ABSTRACT Tomato is an important crop and has immense health benefits and medicinal value. Here, we described how salinity stress affects tomato plant growth and developmental processes and productivity. It causes ionic toxicity, oxidative damage, osmotic stress, and hormonal imbalance. In this review, we emphasized the crucial role of ethylene (ET) towards in vitro development of tomato crop by mediating stress response, particularly high salt. There are evidences that salinity stress modulates the expression of ACS and beta-CAS, which leads to ET and cyanide accumulation. We draw attention to how ET negatively or positively mediates salinity stress response by maintaining endogenous biomolecules, Na+/K+ ion balance and redox homeostasis. How ET inhibitors and polyamines as protectants reverse the negative effects of ET/salinity stress-induced cellular damage by cross talk with important physiological processes-photosynthesis and respiratory and salt overly sensitive (SOS). The literature appraised herein will contribute to a better understanding of the development of salinity stress tolerant tomato.