Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel method to reduce indoor signal power fluctuation using multiple adaptive terahertz sources

The indoor terahertz sources cause power fluctuation at various locations due to obstacles, which can be avoided by deploying multiple sources, but will lead to high energy consumption. In this paper, the reverse ray‐tracing method is used to establish a terahertz indoor channel. The free path loss, atmospheric absorption, and reflection loss are considered. Adaptive algorithms are adopted to solve the large energy consumption of deploying multiple sources. A weight vector coefficient is used based on the location and received user signal to adjust the transmission power of each terahertz source dynamically. The results show that the adaptive power control of multiple terahertz sources substantially reduces the energy consumption and the signal power fluctuations. For static users, the energy consumption can be reduced by 5 and 9 dB, and the maximum data transmission rate can be increased by one to two times using four and nine sources, respectively. Moreover, energy consumption can be reduced by more than 6 dB for several indoor users. For dynamic users with a changing channel environment, the adaptive algorithm can adjust the source power in real time and improve signal efficiency. However, the efficiency improvement of the algorithm is limited by the distribution of the multiple sources. The energy consumption of four sources with the adaptive algorithm operating in the center of the room is greater than that of nine sources without the adaptive algorithm. Nevertheless, the efficiency of the nine sources with the adaptive algorithm is much higher than that of the four sources.
Security and Resiliency Analytics for Smart Grids: Static and Dynamic Approaches

This book targets the key concern of protecting critical infrastructures such as smart grids. It explains various static and dynamic security analysis techniques that can automatically verify smart grid security and resiliency and identify potential attacks in a proactive manner. This book includes three main sections. The first presents the idea of formally verifying the compliance of smart grid configurations with the security and resiliency guidelines. It provides a formal framework that verifies the compliance of the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) configurations with the security and resiliency requirements, and generates remediation plans for potential security violations. The second section covers the formal verification of the security and resiliency of smart grid control systems by using a formal model to analyze attack evasions on state estimation, a core control module of the supervisory control system in smart grids. The model identifies attack vectors that can compromise state estimation. This section also covers risk mitigation techniques that synthesize proactive security plans that make such attacks infeasible. The last part of the book discusses the dynamic security analysis for smart grids. It shows that AMI behavior can be modeled using event logs collected at smart collectors, which in turn can be verified using the specification invariants generated from the configurations of the AMI devices. Although the focus of this book is smart grid security and resiliency, the included formal analytics are generic enough to be extended to other cyber-physical systems, especially those related to industrial control systems (ICS). Therefore, industry professionals and academic researchers will find this book an exceptional resource to learn theoretical and practical aspects of applying formal methods for the protection of critical infrastructures.
Exploration of structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of XInO3 (X = As, Sb) compounds for energy harvesting applications

Structural, optoelectronic, elastic, transport, and thermodynamic properties of lead‐free simple face‐centered cubic perovskite compounds XInO3 (X = As, Sb) are figured in the framework of first‐principles calculation. The attained optimized lattice constants are comparable to the previous theoretical data. Electronic band structures and density of states (DOS) have advocated that the electronic bandgap of studied materials lie in the semiconductor region with an indirect band gap of 0.133 and 1.329 eV for AsInO3 and SbInO3, respectively. The participation of O‐2p orbital electrons near the Fermi level is maximum as compared to the rest of the elements in both the investigated perovskites as examined in DOS. We have computed the optical properties with real and imaginary dielectric functions and they prescribe utmost diffraction and absorption in the visible region in both compounds. Furthermore, we have determined the elastic parameters like bulk modulus, elastic constants, Pugh's ratio, and Poisson's ratio. It is perceived from the results of elastic properties that the studied materials are found to be ductile, anisotropic, and also mechanically stable. To determine the material nature and dynamics, we have also calculated the temperature and chemical potential dependence of thermal and thermodynamic properties and results recommended, due to which they could be considered as appropriate candidates for solar energy harvesting based applications Using a quasi‐harmonic model, the thermodynamic properties at high temperature and pressure are also estimated and studied for the first time.
Importance of Managerial Accounting for a Successful Lean Transformation:A practical study at a large aerospace OEM

The lean approach goes beyond a set of continuous improvement tools. Lean implementation requires a management system that drives organizational behaviors and institutes a culture that relentlessly seeks continuous improvement. It is crucial not to overlook the management function systems during lean implementation. A comprehensive management system is essential to successful lean transformation and sustainability. This thesis will tackle the financial and accounting systems; one of the important elements of a management function system. It will expose the weakness of the traditionally used financial and accounting systems. Based on a practical study of large aerospace OEM in North America, the thesis will elaborate and analyze the current traditional cost accounting system’s impact on decision making and the fundamental conflict it has with lean thinking. The thesis will also provide recommendations on alternative management accounting systems in quest for creating a management system that will help enable manufacturing companies successfully implement lean. Keywords: Lean, Managerial accounting, Traditional standard cost accounting, Activity based costing, Throughput accounting, Lean accounting.
Lived Experiences of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study from the Quebec Renal Network

Key Point Hemodialysis patients showed resilience in their ability to adapt to the new reality of their hemodialysis treatments. COVID-19 was not associated with negative effects on patients' medical care. Visual Abstract Background Hemodialysis patients have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. They face high risk of death if infected and have unavoidable exposure to others when they come to hospital three times weekly for their life-saving treatments. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the scope and magnitude of the effects of the pandemic on the lived experience of patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 patients who were undergoing dialysis treatments in five hemodialysis centers in Montreal from November 2020 to May 2021. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results Most participants reported no negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their hemodialysis care. Several patients had negative feelings related to forced changes in their dialysis schedules, and this was especially pronounced for indigenous patients in a shared living situation. Some patients were concerned about contracting COVID-19, especially during public transportation, whereas others expressed confidence that the physical distancing and screening measures implemented at the hospital would protect them and their loved ones. Some participants reported that masks negatively affected their interactions with health care workers, and for many others, the pandemic was associated with feelings of loneliness. Finally, some respondents reported some positive effects of the pandemic, including use of telemedicine and creating a sense of solidarity. Conclusions Patients undergoing hemodialysis reported no negative effects on their medical care but faced significant disruptions in their routines and social interactions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, they showed great resilience in their ability to adapt to the new reality of their hemodialysis treatments. We also show that studies focused on understanding the lived experiences of indigenous patients and patients from different ethnic backgrounds are needed in order reduce inequities in care during public health emergencies.
A Novel Perturbed Spiral Sheathless Chip for Particle Separation Based on Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves (TSAW)

The combination of the new perturbed spiral channel and a slanted gold interfingered transducer (IDT) is designed to achieve precise dynamic separation of target particles (20 μm). The offset micropillar array solves the defect that the high-width flow (avoiding the occurrence of channel blockage) channel cannot realize the focusing of small particles (5 μm, 10 μm). The relationship between the maximum design gap of the micropillar (Smax) and the particle radius (a) is given: Smax = 4a, which not only ensures that small particles will not pass through the micropillar gap, but also is compatible with the appropriate flow rates. A non-offset micropillar array was used to remove 20 μm particles in the corner area. The innovation of a spiral channel structure greatly improves the separation efficiency and purity of the separation chip. The separation chip designed by us achieves deflection separation of 20 μm particles at 24.95–41.58 MHz (κ = 1.09–1.81), at a flow rate of 1.2 mL per hour. When f = 33.7 MHz (κ = 1.47), the transverse migration distance of 20 μm particles is the smallest, and the separation purity and efficiency are as high as 92% and 100%, respectively.
Multicomponent Prehabilitation as a Novel Strategy for Preventing Delirium in Older Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Patients: A Study Protocol

Objective Chronic limb threatening ischemia is the final stage of peripheral arterial disease. Current treatment is based on revascularization to preserve the leg. In the older, hospitalized chronic limb threatening ischemia patient, delirium is a frequent and severe complication after revascularization. Delirium leads to an increased length of hospital stay, a higher mortality rate and a decrease in quality of life. Currently, no specific guidelines to prevent delirium in chronic limb threatening ischemia patients exist. We aim to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent, multidisciplinary prehabilitation program on the incidence of delirium in chronic limb threatening ischemia patients ≥65 years. Design A prospective observational cohort study to investigate the effects of the program on the incidence of delirium will be performed in a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands. This manuscript describes the design of the study and the content of this specific prehabilitation program. Methods Chronic limb threatening ischemia patients ≥65 years that require revascularization will participate in the program. This program focuses on optimizing the patient’s overall health and includes delirium risk assessment, nutritional optimization, home-based physical therapy, iron infusion in case of anaemia and a comprehensive geriatric assessment in case of frailty. The primary outcome is the incidence of delirium. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, amputation-free survival, length of hospital stay and mortality. Exclusion criteria are the requirement of acute treatment or patients who are mentally incompetent to understand the procedures of the study or to complete questionnaires. A historical cohort from the same hospital is used as a control group. Discussion This study will clarify the effect of a prehabilitation program on delirium incidence in chronic limb threatening ischemia patients. New insights will be obtained on optimizing a patient’s preoperative mental and physical condition to prevent postoperative complications, including delirium. Trial This protocol is registered at the Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR) number: NL9380.
Analysis of the sensitivity to pressure and temperature of a membrane based SAW sensor

ABSTRACT This paper presents a FEM analysis of a membrane-based Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor. The sensor is a 2.45GHz Reflective Delay Line (R-DL) based on Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3). As the wave propagation time is much smaller than the typical time constant of the phenomena to be monitored (deformation, temperature change etc.), the analysis can be performed in three successive steps. First, a static FEM study of the complete sensor (housing included) is carried out, to compute the temperature, stress and strain fields generated in the sensitive area by the measured parameters (pressure, temperature, etc.). Then, a dynamic electro-mechanical study of the R-DL is performed. The simulation takes the previously computed fields into account, which makes it possible to compute the sensor sensitivity to the measured parameters. The model takes advantage of the periodicity of the components of the R-DL to compute phenomenological parameters (Coupling-of-Mode parameters), which can later on be used to compute the electrical response of the sensor (step 3). In this paper, we focus on the first two steps. The COM parameters are extracted, under simultaneous thermal and mechanical stresses. Especially, the sensor sensitivity is obtained from the evolution of the velocity, under various stress configurations.
Technical Review and New Definition of Digital Bus Transfer Interface for Small Aircraft

Digital avionics has been a standard for modern aircraft. It simplifies avionics system configuration and enhances performance in efficient and reliable environment. For most commercial jet aircrafts, digital avionics system is integrated through data bus protocol for information exchange and operation control. However, the general aviation aircrafts seem lack of such function to break away from the conventional analog avionics. There is a simplified demand to study and design adaptable and useful interface technology for general aviation aircraft. Considering concept of the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture, definition of ”Hybrid Data Transfer Interface (HDTI)” for Small Aircraft is proposed with a capable standard that is enhanced from the advantages of Controller Area Network (CAN) bus and Time Triggered Protocol class C (TTP/C) bus. This paper brings general surveys on the technical perspectives of IMA requirements, comparisons of ARINC 629 bus, CAN bus and TTP/C bus, and a new HDTI definition to fulfill general aviation demand, performance, reliability and safety to support further design and implementation.
An Innovative Method To Realistically Track Engineering Student Retention And Academic Progress

Pat Pyke, Boise State University Patricia A. Pyke is the Director of Education Research for the College of Engineering at Boise State University. She oversees projects in freshman programs, math support, mentoring, outreach, and women’s programs. She earned a B.S.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Duke University and a master’s degree in journalism from the University of California at Berkeley.
Highly Stable, Graphene-Wrapped, Petal-like, Gap-Enhanced Raman Tags

Gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) were widely used in cell or biological tissue imaging due to their narrow spectral linewidth, weak photobleaching effect, and low biological matrix interference. Here, we reported a new kind of graphene-wrapped, petal-like, gap-enhanced Raman tags (GP-GERTs). The 4-Nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) Raman reporters were embedded in the petal-like nanogap, and graphene was wrapped on the surface of the petal-like, gap-enhanced Raman tags. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and Raman experimental studies jointly reveal the Raman enhancement mechanism of graphene. The SERS enhancement of GP-GERTs is jointly determined by the petal-like “interstitial hotspots” and electron transfer between graphene and 4-NBT molecules, and the total Raman enhancement factor (EF) can reach 1010. Mesoporous silica was grown on the surface of GP-GERTs by tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis to obtain Raman tags of MS-GP-GERTs. Raman tag stability experiments showed that: MS-GP-GERTs not only can maintain the signal stability in aqueous solutions of different pH values (from 3 to 12) and simulated the physiological environment (up to 72 h), but it can also stably enhance the signal of different Raman molecules. These highly stable, high-signal-intensity nanotags show great potential for SERS-based bioimaging and multicolor imaging.
Sponge City Practices in China: From Pilot Exploration to Systemic Demonstration

In recent years, China has been committed to strengthening environmental governance and trying to build a sustainable society in which humans and nature develop in harmony. As a new urban construction concept, sponge city uses natural and ecological methods to retain rainwater, alleviate flooding problems, reduce the damage to the water environment, and gradually restore the hydrological balance of the construction area. The paper presents a review of sponge city construction from its inception to systematic demonstration. In this paper, research gaps are discussed and future efforts are proposed. The main contents include: (1) China’s sponge city construction includes but is not limited to source control or a drainage system design. Sponge city embodies foreign experience and the wisdom of ancient Chinese philosophy. The core of sponge city construction is to combine various specific technologies to alleviate urban water problems such as flooding, water environment pollution, shortage of water resources and deterioration of water ecology; (2) this paper also introduces the sponge city pilot projects in China, and summarizes the achievements obtained and lessons learned, which are valuable for future sponge city implementation; (3) the objectives, corresponding indicators, key contents and needs of sponge city construction at various scales are different. The work at the facility level is dedicated to alleviating urban water problems through reasonable facility scale and layout, while the work at the plot level is mainly to improve the living environment through sponge city construction. The construction of urban and watershed scales is more inclined to ecological restoration and blue-green storage spaces construction. Besides, the paper also describes the due obligations in sponge city construction of various stakeholders.
Common Grounded Wide Voltage-Gain Range DC–DC Converter With Zero Input Current Ripple and Reduced Voltage Stresses for Fuel Cell Vehicles

A dc–dc converter used for fuel cell vehicles should be characterized by a wide voltage-gain range and low input current ripple. In order to meet the above requirements, a new nonisolated dc–dc converter consisting of an active switched-inductor cell, a zero current ripple cell, and a switched-capacitor (SC) cell was proposed in this article. The proposed converter integrates with the advantages of a wide voltage-gain range, zero input current ripple, low voltage stresses across power semiconductors, and common ground structure. Thanks to the use of a zero current ripple cell, not only the input current ripple is reduced but also the energy transfer path of the SC cell is changed, thereby reducing the instantaneous peak current of the SC structure. The operating principles, the characteristics analysis, and the parameter design of the proposed converter are given. In addition, to show the merits of the proposed converter, a comparison study is demonstrated. Finally, a prototype of 400 V, 1000 W/50 kHz is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Detection Technology by Reflection Wave for Backwall Grouting Quality of A Vertical Shaft

Many abnormal problems during the construction and application of the vertical shaft can be met under the condition of the thick unconsolidated layers.For finding out this problem,the reflection wave technology is used to evaluate the quality of backwall grouting.The loop and longitudinal surveying lines along the wall of shaft are arranged by reflection wave method.According to different seismic wave attributes,such as the velocity of high frequency reflection wave,amplitude,and frequency,the abnormal range on the wall or under the wall can be forecast.The quality and effect of back wall grouting can be acquired though detection pre-and post-grouting.The researching results of the new and old shaft survey show that the offset selected should be 0.6~0.8 m,trace interval 0.2~0.4 m,and shot interval 0.2 m.According to the velocity of wall surface,integration frequency and characteristics of the seismic wave,the structure of wall surface and inside can be assessed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively.During the detection of the quality of back wall grouting,the reflection wave method has a significant effect on inspection.So it has many advantages,for example,little interference factor,easy operation,and accurate delineation of abnormal areas.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Transmission Gear Based on Cooperation Simulation Technology

The fatigue life prediction of complex components is always prior research emphasis of structural design of antifatigue and armament maintenance support.The computer aided engineering(CAE) technology was introduced into armament fields.The use of cooperation simulation technology in armament fields was explored deeply.The cooperation simulation platform used for fatigue life prediction of gear was established.The fatigue life prediction of transmission gear was achieved by the integration of four commercial softwares.
Levine’s Sign Points to Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a Healthy Young Male

Levine’s sign is a universal sign of ischemic chest pain, defined as an individual holding a clenched fist over the chest that has a low sensitivity but is relatively specific for ischemia. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a nonatherosclerotic and a very unusual cause of acute myocardial infarction.In literature, it has been more common in young women, postpartum, or with fibromuscular dysplasia. Strenuous exercise is a rare cause of SCAD. We describe a case of a healthy 46-year-old Hispanic male who presented to ER after his morning gym session. The initial EKG was unremarkable. However, due to Levine's sign, a repeat EKG was done and showed hyperacute T waves with J-point elevation in the anterior leads. An immediate coronary angiogram revealed a spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) segment. Given the resolution of the chest pain and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow, no intervention was done. The patient was managed medically with an uneventful recovery. In the current times, with the advent of high sensitivity troponin along with other rapid multimodality imaging techniques, the importance of physical signs and symptoms like Levine's sign has diminished. Yet, they still remain a vital part of patient evaluation. Additionally, SCAD is uncommon in males. However, this patient was consuming energy booster powder that may have predisposed him to the SCAD. In our opinion, Levine's sign still has high clinical value in the right context. We also postulate that energy booster supplements may have serious deleterious cardiovascular effects, and large studies are necessary to understand their full effects on the cardiovascular system.