Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Intercom and Megaphone Hashtags Using Four Years of Tweets From the Top 44 Schools of Nursing: Thematic Analysis

Background When this study began in 2018, I sought to determine the extent to which the top 50 schools of nursing were using hashtags that could attract attention from journalists on Twitter. In December 2020, the timeframe was expanded to encompass 2 more years of data, and an analysis was conducted of the types of hashtags used. Objective The study attempted to answer the following question: to what extent are top-ranked schools of nursing using hashtags that could attract attention from journalists, policy makers, and the public on Twitter? Methods In February 2018, 47 of the top 50 schools of nursing had public Twitter accounts. The most recent 3200 tweets were extracted from each account and analyzed. There were 31,762 tweets in the time period covered (September 29, 2016, through February 22, 2018). After 13,429 retweets were excluded, 18,333 tweets remained. In December 2020, 44 of the original 47 schools of nursing still had public Twitter accounts under the same name used in the first phase of the study. Three accounts that were no longer active were removed from the 2016-2018 data set, resulting in 16,939 tweets from 44 schools of nursing. The Twitter data for the 44 schools of nursing were obtained for the time period covered in the second phase of the study (February 23, 2018, through December 13, 2020), and the most recent 3200 tweets were extracted from each of the accounts. On excluding retweets, there were 40,368 tweets in the 2018-2020 data set. The 2016-2018 data set containing 16,939 tweets was merged with the 2018-2020 data set containing 40,368 tweets, resulting in 57,307 tweets in the 2016-2020 data set. Results Each hashtag used 100 times or more in the 2016-2020 data set was categorized as one of the following seven types: nursing, school, conference or tweet chat, health, illness/disease/condition, population, and something else. These types were then broken down into the following two categories: intercom hashtags and megaphone hashtags. Approximately 83% of the time, schools of nursing used intercom hashtags (inward-facing hashtags focused on in-group discussion within and about the profession). Schools of nursing rarely used outward-facing megaphone hashtags. There was no discernible shift in the way that schools of nursing used hashtags after the publication of The Woodhull Study Revisited. Conclusions Top schools of nursing use hashtags more like intercoms to communicate with other nurses rather than megaphones to invite attention from journalists, policy makers, and the public. If schools of nursing want the media to showcase their faculty members as experts, they need to increase their use of megaphone hashtags to connect the work of their faculty with topics of interest to the public.
Exchange bias in multigranular noncollinear 
IrMn3/CoFe
 thin films

Antiferromagnetic spintronic devices have the potential to greatly outperform conventional ferromagnetic devices due to their ultrafast dynamics and high data density. A challenge in designing these devices is the control and detection of the orientation of the antiferromagnet. One of the most promising ways to achieve this is through the exchange bias effect. This is of particular importance in large-scale multigranular devices. Previously, due to the large system sizes, only micromagnetic simulations have been possible, with an assumed distribution of antiferromagnetic anisotropy directions and grain size. Here, we use an atomistic model where the distribution of antiferromagnetic anisotropy directions occurs naturally and where the exchange bias occurs due to the intrinsic disorder in the antiferromagnet. We perform large-scale simulations of exchange bias, generating realistic values of exchange bias. We find a strong temperature dependence of the exchange bias, in agreement with experimental observations, approaching zero at the blocking temperature of the antiferromagnet. We find that the experimentally observed increase in the coercivity at the blocking temperature occurs due to the superparamagnetic flipping of the antiferromagnet during the hysteresis loop cycle. We find a large discrepancy between the exchange bias predicted from a geometric model of the antiferromagnetic interface, indicating the importance of grain edge effects in multigranular exchange biased systems. The grain size dependence shows the expected peak due to a competition between the superparamagnetic nature of small grains and reduction in the statistical imbalance in the number of interfacial spins for larger grain sizes. Our simulations confirm the existence of single antiferromagnetic domains within each grain. The model gives insights into the physical origin of exchange bias and provides a route to developing optimized nanoscale antiferromagnetic spintronic devices.
Non-Markovian decoherence dynamics of strong-coupling hybrid quantum systems: A master equation approach

Based on the recent experiments on the hybrid quantum system of a superconducting microwave cavity coupling strongly to an inhomogeneous broadening spin ensemble under an external driving field, we use the exact master equation approach to investigate its non-Markovian decoherence dynamics. Here the spin ensemble is made by negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond. Our exact master equation theory for open systems depicts the experimental decoherence results and reveals the mechanism how the decoherence induced by the inhomogeneous broadening is suppressed in the strong-coupling regime. Moreover, we show how the spectral hole burning generates localized states to further suppress the cavity decoherence. We also investigate the two-time correlations in this system to further show how quantum fluctuations manifest quantum memory.
Habitat‐dependent impacts of exotic plant invasions on benthic food webs in a coastal wetland

Exotic plants with wide ecological niches often invade multiple types of habitats, leading to homogenization of ecosystem structure and functions. How exotic plant invasions affect the structure and functions of benthic food webs in different habitats is poorly understood. We tested how Spartina alterniflora invasions affected benthic food webs in four contrasting types of habitat (Scirpus mariqueter marshes, Phragmites australis marshes, unvegetated tidal creeks, and bare tidal flats) in the Yangtze estuary. We examined distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates, and documented the differences in basal resources of benthic food web by stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N in different habitats. Our results showed that in unvegetated habitats, conversion of tidal creeks and bare tidal flats to exotic marshes following Spartina invasions significantly altered the functional composition of benthic food webs, which was driven partially by bottom‐up processes related to a consumer dietary shift from benthic organic matter to detritus (trophic effect) and by alteration in species composition related to habitat changes (nontrophic effect). In vegetated native habitats, while the replacement of native plants by Spartina consistently led to a shift in consumer diet from benthic organic matter to detritus, it did not significantly alter the functional composition of benthic food webs. These data suggested the relative importance of trophic and nontrophic effects of plant invasions on benthic food webs could vary with habitat structure (e.g., the presence of native vegetation). Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying homogenization of ecosystem structure and functions by exotic plant invasions.
Electromagnetic Signatures of Relativistic Explosions in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei

The disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), traditionally studied as feeders of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their centers, are also hosts to massive stars and hence their neutron star (NS) and black hole (BH) remnants. Migration traps and gas torques in these disks favor binary formation and enhance the rate of compact object mergers. In these environments both long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the death of massive stars and short GRBs from NS–NS to NS–BH mergers are expected. However, their properties in the environment of AGN disks have never been studied. Here we show that GRBs in AGN disks can display unique features, owing to the unusual relative position of the shocks that characterize the burst evolution and the Thomson photosphere of the AGN disk. In dense environments, for example, a relativistic reverse shock develops early, likely powering the prompt emission instead of internal shocks. The transient’s time evolution is also compressed, yielding afterglow emission that is brighter and may peak earlier than for GRBs in the interstellar medium. Additionally, in regions of the disk that are sufficiently dense and extended, the light curves are dominated by diffusion, since the fireball remains inside the disk photosphere throughout the entire evolution. These diffusion-dominated transients emerge on timescales of days in disks around SMBHs of ∼ 106 M ⊙ to years for SMBHs of ∼ 108 M ⊙. Finally, a large fraction of events, especially in AGNs with SMBHs ≲ 107 M ⊙, display time-variable absorption in the X-ray band.
HCM: Hardware-Aware Complexity Metric for Neural Network Architectures

The demand for running NNs in embedded environments has increased significantly in recent years due to the significant success of convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches in various tasks, including image recognition and generation. The task of achieving high accuracy on resource-restricted devices, however, is still considered to be challenging, which is mainly due to the vast number of design parameters that need to be balanced. While the quantization of CNN parameters leads to a reduction of power and area, it can also generate unexpected changes in the balance between communication and computation. This change is hard to evaluate, and the lack of balance may lead to lower utilization of either memory bandwidth or computational resources, thereby reducing performance. This paper introduces a hardware performance analysis framework for identifying bottlenecks in the early stages of CNN hardware design. We demonstrate how the proposed method can help in evaluating different architecture alternatives of resource-restricted CNN accelerators (e.g., part of real-time embedded systems) early in design stages and, thus, prevent making design mistakes.
Dynamical friction in Bose-Einstein condensed self-interacting dark matter at finite temperatures, and the Fornax dwarf spheroidal

Aims. The aim of the present work is to better understand the gravitational drag forces, also referred to as dynamical friction, acting on massive objects moving through a self-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate, also known as a superfluid, at finite temperatures. This is relevant for models of dark matter consisting of light scalar particles with weak self-interactions that require nonzero temperatures, or that have been heated inside galaxies. Methods. We derived expressions for dynamical friction using linear perturbation theory, and compared these to numerical simulations in which nonlinear effects are included. After testing the linear result, it was applied to the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy, and two of its gravitationally bound globular clusters. Dwarf spheroidals are well-suited for indirectly probing properties of dark matter, and so by estimating the rate at which these globular clusters are expected to sink into their host halo due to dynamical friction, we inferred limits on the superfluid dark matter parameter space. Results. The dynamical friction in a finite-temperature superfluid is found to behave very similarly to the zero-temperature limit, even when the thermal contributions are large. However, when a critical velocity for the superfluid flow is included, the friction force can transition from the zero-temperature value to the value in a conventional thermal fluid. Increasing the mass of the perturbing object induces a similar transition to when lowering the critical velocity. When applied to two of Fornax’s globular clusters, we find that the parameter space preferred in the literature for a zero-temperature superfluid yields decay times that are in agreement with observations. However, the present work suggests that increasing the temperature, which is expected to change the preferred parameter space, may lead to very small decay times, and therefore pose a problem for finite-temperature superfluid models of dark matter.
24 synoptic maps of average magnetic field in 296 prominences measured by the Hanle effect during the ascending phase of solar cycle 21

Aims. We present 24 synoptic maps of solar filaments, in which the average unambiguous magnetic field vectors of 296 prominences were determined with Pic-du-Midi observations between 1974 and 1982. This was the ascending phase of cycle 21. Methods. The magnetic field was determined by interpreting the Hanle effect, which is observed in the He I D3 line. Previous results for the prominence field polarity and prominence chirality were applied to solve the fundamental ambiguity. The measurements were averaged in each prominence for accuracy reasons. Results. The result is twofold. First, alternating field directions can be observed from one neutral line to the next. Second, a general field alignment is found along a solar north-south field that is distorted by the differential rotation effect.
Asynchronous Periodic Distributed Event-Triggered Voltage and Frequency Control of Microgrids

In this paper, we introduce a distributed secondary voltage and frequency control scheme for an islanded ac microgrid under event-triggered communication. An integral type event-triggered mechanism is proposed by which each distributed generator (DG) periodically checks its triggering condition and determines whether to update its control inputs and broadcast its states to neighboring DGs. In contrast to existing event-triggered strategies on secondary control of microgrids, the proposed event-triggered mechanism is able to handle the consensus problem in case of asynchronous communication. Under the proposed sampled-data based event-triggered mechanism, DGs do not need to be synchronized to a common clock and each individual DG checks its triggering condition periodically, relying on its own clock. Furthermore, the proposed method efficiently reduces communication rate. We provide sufficient conditions under which microgrid's frequency and a critical bus voltage asymptotically converge to the nominal frequency and voltage, respectively. Finally, effectiveness of our proposed method is verified by testing different scenarios on an islanded ac microgrid benchmark in the MATLAB/Simulink environment as well as a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform, where the physical system is modeled in the Opal-RT and the cyber system is realized in Raspberry Pis.
Exchange interactions and sensitivity of the Ni two-hole spin state to Hund's coupling in doped 
NdNiO2

The discovery of superconductivity in Nd${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Sr${}_{x}$NiO${}_{2}$ has resulted in a flurry of experimental and theoretical work to understand the nature of nickelate superconductivity as compared to that of the cuprates and pnictides. Here, the authors use a combination of LDA+U and linear-response methods to study the magnetic exchange interactions in Nd${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Sr${}_{x}$NiO${}_{2}$. The analysis reveals an underlying Mott insulating state comprised of Ni-3${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$/Ni-3${d}_{{z}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{r}^{2}}$ orbitals with either an $S$=0 or $S$=1 two-hole ground state depending on the precise value of intra-atomic Hund's coupling.
Expansion dynamics in two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard lattices: Bose-Einstein condensate and thermal cloud

We study the temporal expansion of an ultracold Bose gas in two-dimensional, square optical lattices. The gas is described by the Bose-Hubbard model deep in the superfluid regime, with initially all bosons condensed in the central site of the lattice. We use the previously developed nonequilibrium propagator method for capturing the time evolution of an interacting bosonic system, where the many-body Hamiltonian is represented in an appropriate local basis and the corresponding field operators are separated into the classical [Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)] part and quantum mechanical fluctuations. After a quench, i.e. after a sudden switch of the lattice nearest-neighbor hopping, the expanding, bosonic cloud separates spatially into a fast, ballistic forerunner and a slowly expanding central part controlled by selftrapping. We show that the forerunner expansion is driven by the coherent dynamics of the BEC and that its velocity is consistent with the Lieb-Robinson bound. For smaller lattices we analyze how quasiparticle collisions lead to enhanced condensate depletion and oscillation damping.
ANN-Assisted CoSaMP Algorithm for Linear Electromagnetic Imaging of Spatially Sparse Domains

Greedy pursuit algorithms (GPAs) are widely used to reconstruct sparse signals. Even though many electromagnetic (EM) inverse scattering problems are solved on sparse investigation domains, GPAs have rarely been used for this purpose. This is because 1) they require a priori knowledge of the sparsity level in the investigation domain, which is often not available in EM imaging applications and 2) the EM scattering matrix does not satisfy the restricted isometric property. In this work, these challenges are, respectively, addressed by 1) using an artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the sparsity level and 2) adding a Tikhonov regularization term to the diagonal elements of the scattering matrix. These enhancements permit the compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) algorithm to be efficiently used to solve the 2-D EM inverse scattering problem, which is linearized using the Born approximation, on spatially sparse investigation domains. Numerical results, which demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed ANN-enhanced CoSaMP algorithm, are provided.
Power maximization of two-stroke quantum thermal machines

We present a detailed study of quantum thermal machines employing quantum systems as working substances. In particular, we study two different types of two-stroke cycles where two collections of identical quantum systems with evenly spaced energy levels are initially prepared at thermal equilibrium by putting them in contact with a cold and a hot thermal bath, respectively. The two cycles differ in the absence or the presence of a mediator system, while, in both cases, non-resonant exchange Hamiltonians are exploited as particle interactions. We show that the efficiencies of these machines depend only on the energy gaps of the systems composing the collections and are equal to the efficiency of "equivalent" Otto cycles. Focusing on the cases of qubits or harmonic oscillators for both models, we maximize the engine power and analyze, in the model without the mediator, the role of the waiting time between subsequent interactions. It turns out that the case with the mediator can bring performance advantages when the interaction times are comparable with the waiting time of the correspondent cycle without the mediator. We find that in both cycles, the power peaks of qubit systems can surpass the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency. Finally, we compare our cycle without the mediator with previous schemes of the quantum Otto cycle showing that high coupling is not required to achieve the same maximum power.
Analysis and fabrication of antireflective coating for photovoltaics based on a photonic-crystal concept and generated by evolutionary optimization

We optimize multilayered antireﬂective coatings for photovoltaic devices, using modern evolutionary algorithms. We apply a rigorous methodology to show that a given structure, which is particularly regular (i.e., essentially periodic), emerges spontaneously and systematically for a very broad range of conditions. The very regularity of the structure allows for a thorough physical analysis of how the design operates. This allows us to understand that the central part is a photonic crystal utilized as a buffer for light, and that the external layers have the purpose of reducing the impedance mismatch between the outer media and the Bloch mode supported by the photonic crystal. This shows how optimization can suggest new design rules and be considered as a source of inspiration. Finally, we fabricate these structures with easily deployable techniques.
New PLA/ZnO:Cu/Ag bionanocomposites for food packaging

Plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) samples with embedded Cu-doped ZnO powder functionalized with Ag nanoparticles composites were prepared by melt blending processing technique. The effect of ZnO:Cu/Ag nanoparticles on the properties of plasticized PLA was investigated in terms of structural (by Attenuated total reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared – ATR-FT-IR, X–Ray Diffraction analysis – XRD) and morphological (using Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM and Transmission Electron Microscopy – TEM examination) modifications, thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimetry – DSC), mechanical (transmittance, tensile strength), barrier antimicrobial properties and also in respect to migration of Cu, Zn an Ag nanoparticles into food simulants. It was found that the increase of nanoparticle content (from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%) of PLA formulations leads to the increase of the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The overall migration of all samples into three food simulants was below 10 mg·dm–2, accepted value according to EU Regulation No 10/2011 for plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Based on the obtained results it can conclude that the optimum composition is PLA/ZnO:Cu/Ag 0.5, this bionanocomposite offering suitable mechanical and thermal properties, good barrier properties to ultraviolet light, water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide, antibacterial activity and low migration amount of nanoparticles into food simulants.
SEC Scrutiny Shopping

We examine whether firms relocate headquarters to avoid the scrutiny of local Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement offices. We find that the likelihood of an SEC enforcement action on a firm is positively associated with the probability of the firm relocating headquarters out of (but not within) the jurisdiction of the local SEC office. Using shocks to local SEC enforcement intensity for identification, we find that firms whose financial statements suggest higher likelihood of scrutiny are more likely to relocate after the shock. Cross-sectional tests further show that these firms are more likely to move to locations where the local SEC office has a history of enforcement leniency toward local firms. They also tend to relocate without providing explicit reasons. Our results suggest that the intensity of SEC enforcement matters to corporate relocation strategies.