Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indirect Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Mefenamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Formulations

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of mefenamic acid in pure form and in some pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The method is based on the oxidation of mefenamic acid by iron(III), and subsequent complexation of iron(II) with o-phenanthroline, forming a red-colored complex (ferroin) having the maximum absorbance at 510 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.4-2.0 μg\ml, the molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are 2.9×10 L.mol. cm and 8.3 ng.cm, respectively and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 2.0 (n=10). The limits of detection and quantitation are 0.065 and 0.195 μg. ml,respectively. The method is applied successfully to determination of mefenamic acid in some pharmaceutical formulations (capsules and tablets). The common excipients do not interfere with the proposed method. A statistical comparison of these results with those of official method using (t and F) values at 95% confidence level shows good agreement and indicates no significant difference in the precision and the present method has good validity. Keyword: Mefenamic acid, Spectrophotometry; Iron (ш); phenanthroline ـ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــ ريدقتل ةرشابم ريغ ةيفيط ةقيرط ضماح اح يف كيمانيفيملا ل تارضحتسم ضعب نمو ةيقنلا هت ه
Optimum Dietary Protein Requirement of a Thai Strain of Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) Fry

The optimum dietary protein requirement of a Thai strain of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch, 1792) fry was investigated by feeding six semi-purified diets containing varying levels of dietary protein within a range of 25-50% over an 8 week feeding period. Fish meal was used as protein source. The experiment was conducted in a recirculatory system consisting 18 glass aquaria of each 65 litre capacity. Each treatment had three replicates. Each of the aquaria was stocked with 12 fingerlings of A. testudineus with a mean initial weight of 1.04±0.02 g. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily. Statistical analysis of growth data showed that percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary protein levels. The weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish in all dietary groups increased proportionally with the increase in dietary protein concentration to level of 40% and thereafter decreased with further increase in dietary protein levels. Fish fed diet 4 containing 40% protein level showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest weight gain. The FCR values ranged between 1.95 and 5.73 and the best FCR value was obtained with diet 4. The PER decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. The PER values ranged between 0.64 and 1.27 and the apparent net protein utilization (ANPU%) values ranged between 9.76 and 19.80%. In general, there was a progressive decrease in carcass protein and an increase in carcass lipid. On the basis of observed weight gain, SGR and FCR, a diet containing 40% protein with a protein to energy (PE) ratio of 92.63 (mg protein/Kcal gross energy) is recommended for maximum growth of A. testudineus under experimental condition used in this study.
Heat Diffusion Based Search for Experts on World Wide Web

: Academic institutions, software development companies and enterprises in the real world need expert human resources. These organizations generally take help of search engines like Google. The results of the search are millions of records with noise varying quality. Further browsing is required in order to identity expert people. This causes ambiguity and time consuming. Recently Guan et al. studied a general expert search problem and provided a solution using co-occurrence based diffusion. In this paper we implement a search application which is web based that uses heat difusion technique to identify web resources that contain details about human experts. Ranking is used for presenting results meaningfully. Our prototype application demonstrates the proof of concept. The empirical results are encouraging.
Histogram of Multi-Directional Gabor Filter Bank for Motion Trajectory Feature Extraction

In this paper, we decompose motion flow using multidirectional Gabor filter bank to create robust descriptors for action recognition problem. The dense trajectory is utilized to allocate the Region of Interest (ROI) for extracting Gabor descriptors. In addition, the feature distribution is adopted instead of the conventional sum of energy. Our experiments are conducted in an open data set (UCF11) and our self-constructed one (CNU). The results indicate that the proposed feature outperforms all other ones in both individually and collectively.
Geological Study of Unusual Tsunami Deposits in the Kuril Subduction Zone for Mitigation of Tsunami Disasters

On 26 December 2004 a magnitude M 9.3 earthquake deformed the ocean floor 160 km off the coast of Sumatra, generating the Indian Ocean tsunami and thus causing large sediment transfers due to tsunami run-up in coastal lowlands around the Indian Ocean (e.g., Goff et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2006; Hori et al., 2007; Hawkes et al., 2007; Choowong et al., 2007, 2010). Sediment transfers of this scale are rare events historically. Only when an unusual tsunami strikes coastal lowlands does a large-scale sediment transfer occur, leaving a sedimentary record, that is, tsunami deposits, in the geological strata on shore (Dawson & Stewart, 2007). In this chapter, we seek to understand the run-up process of past unusual tsunamis by examining a series of tsunami deposits on the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan, and we estimate the average recurrence interval of such tsunamis from the geological record. Large earthquakes with M > ~8 in the Kuril subduction zone have historically generated tsunamis that caused damage in eastern Hokkaido between Nemuro and the Tokachi coast (Satake et al., 2005; Fig. 1). Most recently, the 1952 Tokachi-oki, the 1960 Chilean, the 1973 Nemuro-oki, and the 2003 Tokachi-oki tsunamis caused considerable damage and great loss of life in this district. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the likely timing and size of the next large, earthquake-generated tsunami. Information about historical earthquakes in the Kuril subduction zone is limited, however, and no documents from before the 19th century that might refer to tsunami events are available. The earliest written records from eastern Hokkaido are the “Nikkanki” series of documents from Kokutai-ji Temple, which was built by the Edo government at Akkeshi in 1805 (Soeda et al., 2004; Fig. 1). In the hope of finding traces of past giant tsunamis to use to evaluate the frequency and extent of past tsunami inundation in east Hokkaido, late Holocene coastal sediments such as peat beds and lagoon sediments have been studied since 1998 by our research group and other researchers (e.g., Hirakawa et al., 2000; Nishimura et al., 2000; Sawai, 2002; Nanayama et al., 2003; Soeda et al., 2004). Nanayama et al. (2003, 2007) and Sawai et al. (2009) have reported the general stratigraphy of unusual tsunami deposits due to “500-year earthquake”
Population Structure and Cryptic Evolutionary Units in the Alligator Snapping Turtle

The alligator snapping turtle ( Macroclemys temminckii) is a long‐lived, slow‐growing chelydrid turtle found in Gulf of Mexico drainages from Florida to Texas (U.S.A.). Populations are thought to be depleted throughout the range due in part to an increased harvest in the 1960s through 1980s. To identify population and evolutionary units, 420 base pairs were sequenced within the mitochondrial DNA control region of 158 specimens from 12 drainages. Results indicate substantial phylogeographic structuring and strong population‐level separations among river drainages. Eight of 11 haplotypes were observed to be river‐specific, providing diagnostic markers for most drainages. Three partitions are resolved in the mtDNA genealogy, corresponding to the eastern, central, and western portion of the species’ range. These separations coincide with recognized biogeographic provinces. The population structure by river system indicates that many drainages are distinct management units, with the Suwannee River lineage possibly deserving special attention, based on the criterion of genetic distinctiveness. The partitioning of M. temminckii into river‐specific populations illustrates the management framework and conservation challenges that apply to a broad array of riverine species. Drainage‐specific molecular markers may be used to identify the geographic origin of turtle products in the marketplace.
Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Electrical Charge Tomography System

Problem statement: Many problems in scientific computing can be formulated as inverse problem. A vast majority of these problems are ill-posed problems. In Electrical Charge Tomography (EChT), normally the sensitivity matrix generated from forward modeling is very ill-condition. This condition posts difficulties to the inverse problem solution especially in the accuracy and stability of the image being reconstructed. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the image cross-section of the material in pipeline gravity dropped mode conveyor as well to solve the ill-condition of matrix sensitivity. Approach: Least Square with Regularization (LSR) method had been introduced to reconstruct the image and the electrodynamics sensor was used to capture the data that installed around the pipe. Results: The images were validated using digital imaging technique and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method. The results showed that image reconstructed by this method produces a good promise in terms of accuracy and stability. Conclusion: This implied that LSR method provides good and promising result in terms of accuracy and stability of the image being reconstructed. As a result, an efficient method for electrical charge tomography image reconstruction has been introduced.
Individual Strategy Update and Emergence of Cooperation in Social Networks

In this article, we critically study whether social networks can explain the emergence of cooperative behavior. We carry out an extensive simulation program in which we study the most representative social dilemmas. For the Prisoner's Dilemma, it turns out that the emergence of cooperation is dependent on the microdynamics. On the other hand, network clustering mostly facilitates global cooperation in the Stag Hunt game, whereas degree heterogeneity promotes cooperation in Snowdrift dilemmas. Thus, social networks do not promote cooperation in general, because the macro-outcome is not robust under change of dynamics. Therefore, having specific applications of interest in mind is crucial to include the appropriate microdetails in a good model.
Zooplankton composition in a gravel pit lake invaded by the Ponto-Caspian mysid Hemimysis anomala G.O. Sars 1907

During a zooplankton monitoring program in the Rhine catchment (Southern Germany) during the 2006 sampling year, we recorded the mysid Hemimysis anomala in an oligotrophic gravel pit lake. The crustacean and rotifer abundance in the lake was low; maximum density was 28 and 145 ind. L -1 , respectively. Crustaceans were dominated by copepods, which constituted 90- 100% of the zooplankton community. Cladocerans were represented only by Diaphanosoma brachyurum. Rotifers were dominated by Polyarthra spp. for most part of the year. We suggest that the reason for the lack of cladocerans (except Diaphanosmoma) could be competition and/or predation by H. anomala. That D. brachyurum could persist in the presence of Hemimysis may be a result of spatial segregation. Possibly, due to differences in thermal preferences, H. anomala avoids the warm epilimnion of the lake in summer while Diaphanosoma may prefer it.
Line-of-sight kinematics and corrections for fast-steering mirrors used in precision pointing and tracking systems

Fast steering mirrors, or FSMs, have been used for several decades to enhance or augment the performance of electrooptical imaging and beam-steering systems in applications such as astronomy, laser communications and military targeting and surveillance systems. FSMs are high-precision, high-bandwidth electro-mechanical mechanisms used to deflect a mirror over a small angular displacement relative to the base it is mounted on which is typically a stabilized gimbal or other primary pointing device. Although the equations describing the line-of-sight kinematics derive entirely from the simple plane-mirror law of reflection, they are non-linear and axis-coupled and these effects increase as the FSM angular displacement increases. These inherent non-linearities and axis-coupling effects can contribute to pointing errors in certain modes of operation. The relevant kinematic equations presented in this paper can be used to assess the magnitude of the errors for a given application and make corrections as necessary.
Numerical computation of the domain of operation of an electrospray of a very viscous liquid F

A numerical study is carried out of the injection of a very viscous liquid of small electrical conductivity at a constant flow rate through an orífice in a metallic píate under the action of an electric field. The conditions under which the injected liquid can form an elongated meniscus with a thin jet emanating from its tip are investigated by computing the flow, the electric field and the transport of electric charge in the meniscus and a leading región of the jet. A stationary solution is found only for valúes of the flow rate above a certain minimum. At modérate valúes of the applied field, this minimum flow rate decreases when the applied field or the conductivity of the liquid increase. The electric shear stress acting on the surface of the liquid is not able to drive the liquid into the jet at flow rates smaller than the minimum while, for any flow rate higher than the minimum, the transfer of electric current to the surface may occur in a slender región of the jet where charge relaxation effects are small and the field induced by the electric charge of the jet is important. At high valúes of the applied field, the flow rate must be higher than another minimum, which increases with the applied field, in order for the viscous stress to balance the strong electric stress acting on the meniscus. The two conditions taken together determine lower and upper bounds for the applied field at a given flow rate, but the valué of the applied field at which a stationary jet is first established when this parameter is gradually increased is higher than the lower bound, leading to hysteresis. When the liquid is electrosprayed in a surrounding dielectric fluid, the viscous shear stress that this fluid exerts on the surface of the jet eventually balances the electric shear stress and stops the continuous stretching of the jet. A fraction of the conduction current is left in the jet when the effect of the outer liquid comes into play in the región where this current is transferred to the surface, and no stationary solution is found above a máximum flow rate that decreases when the viscosity of the outer liquid increases or the applied field decreases. Order of magnitude estimates of the electric current and the conditions in the current transfer región are worked out.
Importance of the upper‐level warm core in the rapid intensification of a tropical cyclone

In this study, the rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclone is examined using a 72‐h cloud‐permitting prediction of Hurricane Wilma (2005) with a record‐breaking intensity of 882 hPa. Results show the formation of an upper‐level warm core from the descending air of stratospheric origin in the eye, which coincides with the onset of RI; it reaches the peak amplitude of more than 18°C from its initial conditions at the time of peak intensity. The descending air is associated with the detrainment of convective bursts in the eyewall, and it appears as (perturbation) cyclonic radial inflows above the upper outflow layer and causes the subsidence warming below. We hypothesize that the upper divergent outflow layer favors the generation of a warm core by protecting it from ventilation by environmental flows. Use of the hydrostatic equation shows that the warm core of stratospheric origin contributes more than twice as much as the lower‐level warm column to the pressure change at the peak intensity of Wilma. Results suggest that more attention be paid to the magnitude of storm‐relative flows and vertical wind shear in the upper troposphere, rather than just vertical shear in the typical 850–200 hPa layer, in order to reasonably predict the RI of tropical cyclones.
Over-expressed CmbT multidrug resistance transporter improves the fitness of Lactococcus lactis

The influence of the over-expression of CmbT multidrug resistance transporter on the growth rate of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 was studied. L. lactis is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) widely used as a starter culture in dairy industry. Recently characterized CmbT MDR transporter in L. lactis confers resistance to a wide variety of toxic compounds as well as to some clinically relevant antibiotics. In this study, the cmbT gene was over-expressed in the strain L. lactis NZ9000 in the presence of nisin inducer. Over-expression of the cmbT gene in L. lactis NZ9000 was followed by RT-PCR. The obtained results showed that the cmbT gene was successfully over-expressed by addition of sub-inhibitory amounts of nisin. Growth curves of L. lactis NZ9000/pCT50 over-expressing the cmbT gene and L. lactis NZ9000 control strain were followed in the rich medium as well as in the chemically defined medium in the presence solely of methionine (0.084 mM) or mix of methionine and cysteine (8.4 mM and 8.2 mM, respectively). Resulting doubling times revealed that L. lactis NZ9000/pCT50 had higher growth rate comparing to the control strain. This could be a consequence of the CmbT efflux activity, which improves the fitness of the host bacterium through the elimination of toxic compounds from the cell.
Mechanistic Analyses of FHWA's Accelerated Loading Facility Pavements

In-depth details are provided for mechanistic analyses conducted for the asphalt pavements of the FHWA accelerated loading facility (ALF) by using available programs, including KENPAVE, WINLEA, EVERSTRS, EVERFLEX, and VESYS 5W. These pavements were constructed by using highly modified and unmodified asphalt binders. The described analyses focused on primary response under the ALF pavements. This study included multilayer elastic theory (MLET) solutions, finite element analysis, and analysis using the VESYS 5W program. Predictions of the primary response for the fatigue mode included the horizontal tensile stress and strain at the bottom of the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer and for the rutting mode included the vertical compressive stress and strain on top of each pavement layer. The impact of loading frequency and stress sensitivity (nonlinearity) on fatigue primary response, rutting primary response, and principal stresses was investigated. The frequency did affect the fatigue tensile stress and strain, primarily at the bottom of the HMA layer. It also affected the major and minor principal stresses, particularly at the bottom of the HMA layer. The frequency effect on the rutting compressive stress was insignificant, whereas it was considerable for the compressive strain within the HMA layer. The MLET solutions that used a linear elastic base provided reasonable predictions for the measured tensile strains for highly modified and unmodified asphalt pavements with an absolute percentage error in the range of 0% to 15% percent in most cases. The solutions of the MLET and VESYS 5W programs were capable of providing good predictions of the vertical deformation within the HMA layer that correlated well with the measured permanent deformation values.
Identifying environmental drivers of fungal non-pollen palynomorphs in the montane forest of the eastern Andean flank, Ecuador

Abstract Samples taken from sedimentary archives indicate that fungal non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) can be used to provide information on forest cover, fire regime, and depositional environment in the eastern Andean flank montane forest of Ecuador. Within the 52 samples examined, 54 fungal NPP morphotypes are reported, of which 25 were found to be previously undescribed. Examination of fungal NPPs over a gradient of forest cover (2–64%) revealed three distinct assemblages: (1) low (<8%) forest cover Neurospora, IBB-16, HdV-201, OU-102, and OU-110 indicative of an open degraded landscape; (2) medium (8–32%) forest cover Cercophora-type 1, Xylariaceae, Rosellinia-type, Kretzschmaria deusta, Amphirosellinia, Sporormiella, and Glomus suggestive of a forested landscape disturbed by herbivores and soil erosion; and (3) high (32–63%) forest cover Anthostomella fuegiana, OU-5, OU-101, OU-108, and OU-120. Environmental variables for forest cover (forest pollen), available moisture (aquatic remains), regional fire regime (microcharcoal), and sediment composition (organic carbon) were found to explain ~40% of the variance in the fungal NPP data set. Fire was found to be the primary control on fungal NPP assemblage composition, with available moisture and sediment composition the next most important factors.
Taxation and Political Stability

The present study is, in particular, an attempt to test the relationship between tax level and political stability by using some economic control variables and to see the relationship among government effectiveness, corruption, and GDP. For the purpose, we used the GMM (1991) and GMM system (1998), using a country-level panel data from 112 countries for the period 1997 to 2010. The main results show that political stability is not the key for the tax policy, under the control of political regime durability the taxes as percent in GDP having consistent sinusoidal tendency, by cubic type.
HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK FLIGHT CONTROL OF A TAIL-SITTER UNMANNED AIRCRAFT

A prototype for a tail-sitter mini unmanned aircraft was developed, and its flight characteristics were explored in wind tunnel tests and flight tests. A tail-sitter is an aircraft that takes off and lands on its tail section with its fuselage pointing upward. A key feature of the prototype is that its wing is equipped with leading-edge slats. In previous studies, we conducted automatic high angle of attack flight tests. However, the pitch control power was found to have a poor margin. In order to achieve an improvement in the pitch control power, flow visualization was carried out via the particle image velocimetry method. The improvement in the control system was evaluated on the basis of the measured airflow data.