Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineered Polyamine Catabolism Pre-Induces Tolerance of Tobacco to Bacteria

33 Polyamine oxidase (PAO) catalyzes the oxidative catabolism of Spermidine (Spd) and 34 Spermine (Spm) generating H 2 O 2 . In wild type Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi plants, 35 infection by the compatible pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (PS) resulted 36 to increased PAO gene and the corresponding PAO enzymatic activity; polyamine 37 (PA) homeostasis was maintained by induction of the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) 38 pathway and Spm was excreted into the apoplast where it was oxidized by the 39 enhanced apoplastic PAO resulting to higher H 2 O 2 accumulation. Moreover, plants 40 overexpressing PAO (S- PAO ) plants showed pre-induced disease tolerance against the 41 biotrophic bacterium PS and to the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophtora parasitica 42 var nicotianae (PP) but not to the Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). Furthermore, in 43 transgenic S- PAO , SAR-marker genes, as well as pronounced increase in the cell 44 wall-based defense was found pre-inoculation. These results reveal that PAO is a 45 nodal point in specific apoplast-localized plant-pathogen interaction, which also 46 signals parallel defense responses, thus preventing pathogen colonization. This 47 strategy presents a novel approach for producing transgenic plants resistant to a broad 48 spectrum of plant pathogens. 49
HOW THE HIRING OF STIGMATIZED POPULATIONS CAN LEAD TO A CSR BACKFIRE EFFECT

Previous research shows that consumer attitudes toward Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are equivocal. In some cases, CSR can even backfire and hurt the company. In the current research, we investigate the backfire effect of CSR by examining consumer responses to the hiring of stigmatized populations. Although it has becoming increasingly common for companies to hire stigmatized populations, our research reveals that this socially responsible practice does not bring desired consumer responses beyond a good CSR reputation. The results of three experiments show that the products produced by stigmatized populations induce feelings of disgust, which lead to lower product evaluations and lower purchase intentions. Moreover, it shows that visualization is not necessary to induce this negative effect and that this negative effect still exists when consumers are not the users of the products. However, this phenomenon has a boundary condition - the backfire effect is attenuated when consumers have a low degree of physical contact with the products.
Bayesian analyses of time-to-event data using the rstanarm R package

Time-to-event data refers to the observed time from a deﬁned origin (e.g. diagnosis of a disease) until a terminating event of interest (e.g. death). Such data emerges in a range of industries and scientiﬁc disciplines, although it is particularly common in medical and pharmaceutical research. In this talk we introduce the stan_surv survival modelling function that is being incorporated into the rstanarm R package. We use a clinical case study to demonstrate some of the features of stan_surv and its related post-estimation functions. We show how the software can be used as part a robust Bayesian workﬂow that includes prior and posterior predictive checks. In our prior and posterior predictive checks we consider standard quantities used widely in survival analysis (e.g. hazard functions, survival curves), as well as less widely discussed but equally useful quantities such as the restricted mean survival time (RMST). Date this notebook was compiled: 26 August 2019.
Analysis of 281 Motion Segments From 85 Cadaveric Spines Relationships to In Vitro Biomechanics: A Retrospective Variations Among Human Lumbar Spine Segments and Their

Background: Biomechanical properties of intact spinal motion segments are used to establish baseline values during in vitro studies evaluating spinal surgical techniques and implants. These properties are also used to validate computational models (ie, patient-specific finite element models) of human lumbar spine segments. Our laboratory has performed a large number of in vitro mechanical studies of lumbar spinal segments, using a consistent methodology. This provides extensive biomechanical data for a large number of intact motion segments, along with donor demographic variables, bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and geometric properties. The objective of this study was to analyze how donor demographics, BMD, and geometric properties of cadaveric lumbar spine segments affect motion segment flexibility, including the range of motion (ROM), lax zone (LZ), and stiff zone (SZ), to help improve our understanding of spinal biomechanics. Methods: A retrospective study examined the relationships between the biomechanical properties of 281 lumbar motion segments from 85 human cadaveric spines, donor demographic variables (age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index), and specimen measurements (vertebral body height, intervertebral disc height, and BMD). Results: Statistical correlation and regression analyses showed that the flexibility of a lumbar motion segment is affected by lumbar level, donor age, sex, and weight as well as the intervertebral disc height, vertebral body height, and bone quality. Increased disc height was associated with decreased ROM (axial rotation), decreased LZ (flexion-extension and axial rotation), and increased SZ (flexion-extension and lateral bending) in the male group, but increased ROM (lateral bending) in the female group. Increased vertebral body height correlated with increased LZ (lateral bending) in the female group. Increased BMD correlated with decreased ROM overall. Conclusions: Biomechanical measurements from flexibility testing of cadaveric lumbar spine segments are significantly correlated with donor demographics and specimen measurements. Many of these correlations are sex-dependent.
Model, Implement and Compare a New Optimal Adaptive Fault Diagnosis Observer with Six Observers

This paper presents the design of anew optimal adaptive diagnosis observer (OAD) which is designed for additive fault and disturbance; its gain matrix verifies the proposed Lyapunov conditions. In the presence of disturbance and fault, the performance of the ODA observer is tested using Matlab software by comparing it with six different good linear observers Luenberger Observer (LO), Kalman (Filter) Observer (KO), Unknown Input Observer (UIO), Augmented Robust Observer (ARO), High Gain Observer (HGO) and Sensitive High Gain Observer (SHGO). The assumed disturbance and faults are white noise, coloured noise and non-Gaussian fault while a MIMO DC servomotor has been used as a benchmark in the performance assessments. As the results show, the comparison results of the ODA observer is the best overall in diagnosing fault and disturbance as well asit is the highest instates estimation performance.
i* (iStar) Security Hierarchy for Cloud Computing

— The world is advancing with the Cloud Computing technology. The aim of Cloud Computing is to provide improved usage of distributed resources like networks, servers, storage applications, and services. With the advancement, there are some risks involved as well. Whenever a cloud-system is being developed, an entity should be there, which looks-after security threats that may arise for the system. This entity is proposed in this research work and named as “Guard”. A framework is proposed, which can elicit functional requirements, as well as security requirements of the system. Online-banking case study is used to verify the proposed framework. To accomplish the task, a survey is also conducted and then results are analyzed from survey to propose a framework. The evaluation result of the proposed framework shows that the system will be protected from multiple security risks of cloud computing.
Molecular detection and subtyping of Blastocystis in Javan rusa (Cervus timorensis) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) from Peninsular Malaysia

Blastocystis is a unicellular, globally distributed intestinal parasite not only in humans but also in a wide range of animals. Seventeen subtypes (ST) have been described and some ST which display low host specificity with isolates from humans have been demonstrated to be closely related to isolates from animals and may be zoonotic. To date, no information is available on the prevalence and genetic identity of Blastocystis in Javan rusa ( Cervus timorensis ) and sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) in Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, 100 fecal samples from Javan rusa and sika deer (< 2 years old) were collected from Sungai Jin Deer Farm, Pahang, located in the east coast of Malaysia, from February to March 2015. Blastocystis -specific primers targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene were used to amplify the extracted DNA. Blastocystis -positive amplicons were then purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree of positive isolates, reference strains and outgroup were constructed using a maximum likelihood method based on Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano+G+Imodel. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection in Javan rusa and sika deer based on PCR detection was 28% (14/50) and 32% (16/50), respectively. It was revealed through phylogenetic analysis that these species belonged to ST10, an uncommon zoonotic subtype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the latest study in Peninsular Malaysia which successfully isolated Blastocystis in these animals. Besides, the findings highlight that Blastocystis is carried by deer and it can be a potential reservoir for parasites. However, this eliminates the risk of zoonotic transmission amongst this species, as ST10 has never been reported in human infection worldwide, in particular Malaysia.
Interactive comment on “Meridional and vertical variations of the water vapour isotopic composition in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic and Southern Ocean”

The manuscript presents a time series of vapour isotopic composition from the marine boundary layer from an expedition that realised a circumpolar around Antarctica. The dataset presented in this manuscript is the ﬁrst of its kind: providing an unique spatial coverage of the vapour isotopic composition of the Southern Ocean, at two different heights in the marine boundary layer. The quality of the produced data is rigorously
Educator Perceptions of Early Learning Environments as Places for Privileging Social Justice in Rural and Remote Communities

: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Australia has long been associated with the concept of social justice, however, a clear understanding of what it looks like across diverse services and communities is not available. This article reports the process of inquiry, as well as the outcomes, of a small-scale study designed to uncover the perceptions of ECEC educators working in rural and remote communities in the state of Queensland. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with ﬁve educators from rural and remote settings identiﬁed as areas experiencing signiﬁcant growth in population diversity. An initial thematic analysis of the data revealed three key themes. A secondary analysis using a place and space conceptual framework uncovered deeper, more sophisticated meanings of the educator experience of social justice. The research is important in bringing pedagogical conversations to the forefront regarding ECEC educator perceptions of their role in creating a socially just learning environment. In addition to identifying future research possibilities, implications from the ﬁndings indicate opportunities for re-examining and rethinking initial teacher education and ongoing professional learning.
Recognizing Leadership at a Distance: A Study of Leader Effectiveness Across Cultures

The present study investigated whether personality and leadership evaluations based on photographs of Chinese CEOs made by Western raters were accurate at predicting organizational outcomes. Consistent with implicit leadership prototypes held by Westerners, perceived effectiveness was associated with higher levels of perceived intelligence, dominance, and positivity. However, actual organization performance was associated with the culturally appropriate leadership trait of risk taking. These findings suggest that although it is possible to use perceptions of personality based on photographs to predict objective leader effectiveness, individuals using a leadership paradigm suited to Western cultures are poor judges of potential success in Eastern
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ONION EXTRACT AND QUERCETIN ON CAPECITABINE -INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY IN GERM CELLS OF MICE

Possible adverse effects of Capecitabine (CPB) treatment on reproductive functions and testicular DNA damage along with the potential protective effects of Quercetin and Onion extract on the germ cell toxicity were investigated. CPB was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the dose of 5, 10 and 20mg/kg/bwt to male mice weighing 25g (n=5) daily for 21 days. Quercetin and Onion extract were given at the dose of 10mg/kg prior to CPB dosing each day. Body weight, testes and epididymis weights, testosterone and Luteinizing hormone levels (ELISA), sperm counts, motility, morphology and histology were evaluated. The DNA damage using halo assay and single-cell gel electrophoresis technique (COMET assay) was also measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with important antioxidant biomarker enzymes GSH, CAT and SOD were also evaluated. Raised ROS and MDA, the final product of fatty acid peroxidation levels with reduced testosterone and LH levels were measured. Depletion of antioxidant enzymes confirmed generation of oxidative stress following CPB treatment resulting to impaired functions of testicular tissue. DNA damage increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, quercetin and onion extract treatments significantly improved the testes weight, sperm count, motility and morphology as compared to only CPB- treated animals. Quercetin and onion extract co-treatment also significantly (p<0.05) restored the sperm DNA damage. Further, QUC and onion extract treatments showed protection against CPB-induced testicular toxicity as evident from testes histology. The present results confirmed damage of testicular tissue following CPB treatment. The studies also showed the ameliorative potential of quercetin from onion-extract against CPB -induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in male mice.
M EDIATING R OLES OF E THICAL J UDGMENTS AND L IFE S ATISFACTION R ELATED TO R ELIGIOUS C OMMITMENTS AND C ONSUMER L OYALTY

Previous studies on religiosity and consumer behavior highlight that religion influences consumers in areas such as life satisfaction, trust, ethics, and materialism. However, research has yet to establish a comprehensive framework that investigates the influences that specific religious commitments have on consumer behaviors, such as life satisfaction, ethical judgments, and loyalty intentions, which is the main purpose of this study. Taking Catholic affiliation in the Vietnamese context, this study aims to expand on the findings from previous literature on the relationship between religiosity and consumer behaviors. The study combines considerable ethical judgments and life satisfaction to investigate their mediating roles in the interrelation between religious commitments and consumer loyalty at convenience stores. In doing so, we used the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling approach to examine the research hypotheses, as we used data from a survey taken by 388 Catholics. These findings illustrate that life satisfaction plays an essential mediating role in connecting religious commitments to consumer loyalty. In contrast, ethical judgments have a strong mediating influence on the interrelation between intrinsic religiosity and consumer loyalty. The results offer an insight into the perspective of business enterprises with reference to the sociology of religion.
E¡ect of a non-linear boundary layer on the radiation from earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions

that may reach 4 for explosions in pre-existing cavities and 2 for earthquakes. Hence, the ampli¢cation will e¡ectively limit the true seismic decoupling of underground nuclear explosions to a limiting value of under 70 and tend to boost the true seismic moments of earthquakes. In the latter case the non-linear theory suggests the introduction of two new source parameters: a virtual radius, r 0 , associated with the yield limit of rocks, and a larger radius associated with the elastic limit of rocks. It is shown that for shear dislocations, the fault’s area is interpreted geometrically as a virtual spherical surface of radius r 0 . As long as small ¢nite strains are assumed inside a thin boundary layer, scrambling of the wave¢eld (that is displacement ampli¢cation, generation of higher-degree multipoles and mode crossing) is the most conspicious physical perturbation, independent of any non-classical modi¢cation of the constitutive law. In this sense, the salient gross features of our ¢nal results are model-independent. Our results serve as a bridge between the microscopic and macroscopic theories of fracture and hopefully pave the road towards a dynamical theory of earthquake-source mechanisms.
1527 Physiological (cid:2) Cell Death Triggers Priming of Self-reactive T Cells by Dendritic Cells in a Type-1 Diabetes

02215 Abstract The prelude to type-1 diabetes is leukocyte infiltration into the pancreatic islets, or insulitis. This process begins in pancreatic lymph nodes when T lymphocytes reactive to islet (cid:2) cells encounter antigen-presenting cells (APCs) displaying peptides derived from (cid:2) cell proteins. We show here that a ripple of physiological (cid:2) cell death, which occurs at 2 wk of age in all mouse strains, precipitates the arrival of such APCs, and that the relevant APC is a dendritic cell of CD11c (cid:3) CD11b (cid:3) CD8 (cid:4) (cid:5) phenotype. These findings have significant implications con-cerning the nature of the diabetes-provoking deficits in NOD mice, the identity of the primordial diabetogenic antigens, and our understanding of the balance between immunity and tolerance in a pathological
University of Birmingham Trust and distrust

This paper provides an empirical test of whether trust and distrust can co-exist in the mind of an employee. Two interrelated questions are considered: firstly, whether trust and distrust judgements are ‘symmetrical’ or whether they can occur ‘simultaneously’ as separate constructs; and, secondly, whether trust and distrust judgements entail the same or conceptually different expectations as revealed in their expressions and anticipated manifestations. Using a concurrent mixed-method design incorporating a structured card sort and in-depth interviews, data were collected from 56 participants in two organisations. The card sort findings offer little support for the co-existence of trust and distrust, but suggest they could be separate constructs. Interview data indicates that participants do perceive trust and distrust as entailing different sets of expectations and having different manifestations, providing some support for the ‘separate constructs’ thesis. We also find evidence of two new combinations of weak levels of trust and distrust not previously specified. The findings highlight how employees’ trust and distrust judgements are shaped, in part, by managerial actions and policies relating to quality of communication and job security. They also emphasise how, when employees are distrustful, differing practice interventions may be needed to reduce distrust than those used build trust.
Inflammation may be correlated with Symptomatic Neurosyphilis CURRENT

Background A retrospective study was performed to compare the differences in clinical and laboratory features of (ANS) Methods One hundred and four eligible patients were enrolled from the beijing ditan hospital between February 2017 and June 2018, including 35 ANS and 69 symptomatic neurosyphilis. The clinical data was analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, treatment history, serum Alb, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), CRP, RPR, rapid plasma reagin(RPR), as well as CSF RPR, CSF Alb, CSF WBCs, and CSF protein. Results Of the one hundred and four inpatients, there were significant differences in age, male, serum RPR, CSF protein, NLR, PLR, CSF-Alb /S-Alb and CRP between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CSF protein (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.024-1.118, P=0.002) , serum RPR (OR 1.035, 95%CI 1.001-1.059, P=0.003) and NLR (OR 2.568, 95% CI 1.226-5.376, P=0.012) were independent risk predictors for symptomatic neurosyphilis. Female (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.025-0.490 , P=0.004) was protective factor for symptomatic neurosyphilis. Conclusions Male gender, serum RPR, CSF protein and NLR were risk factors for symptomatic neurosyphilis. They may indicate the development and aggravation of neurosyphilis Moreover, the ROC showed that NLR ≥ 3.348 could better predict the development of symptomatic neurosyphilis. Inflammation was significantly correlated with the development of neurosyphilis at discharge.
(2021). Genetic drift from the out-of-Africa bottleneck leads to biased estimation of genetic architecture and selection. European Journal of Human Genetics.

Most complex traits evolved in the ancestors of all modern humans and have been under negative or balancing selection to maintain the distribution of phenotypes observed today. Yet all large studies mapping genomes to complex traits occur in populations that have experienced the Out-of-Africa bottleneck. Does this bottleneck affect the way we characterise complex traits? We demonstrate using the 1000 Genomes dataset and hypothetical complex traits that genetic drift can strongly affect the joint distribution of effect size and SNP frequency, and that the bias can be positive or negative depending on subtle details. Characterisations that rely on this distribution therefore con ﬂ ate genetic drift and selection. We provide a model to identify the underlying selection parameter in the presence of drift, and demonstrate that a simple sensitivity analysis may be enough to validate existing characterisations. We conclude that biobanks characterising more worldwide diversity would bene ﬁ t studies of complex traits.
Mar 09, 2020 Skin immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experimentally exposed to the disease

Red Mark Syndrome (RMS) is a skin disease reported from farmed rainbow trout. Since the turn of the mil- lennium it has been spreading through Europe. RMS is probably a bacterial disease caused by a Midichloria -like organism (MLO). It is non-lethal and causes little obvious changes in appetite or behavior but results in red hyperaemic skin lesions, which may lead to economic losses due to downgrading. Here we transfer RMS to naïve speci ﬁ c pathogen free (SPF) ﬁ sh by cohabitation with RMS-a ﬀ ected seeder ﬁ sh. During disease development we characterize local cellular immune responses and regulations of immunologically relevant genes in skin of the cohabitants by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Skin samples from SPF controls and cohabitants (areas with and without lesions) were taken at 18, 61, 82 and 97 days post-cohabitation. Gene expression results showed that lesions had a Th1-type pro ﬁ le, but with concurrent high expression levels of all three classes of im- munoglobulins (IgD, IgM and IgT). The marked local in ﬁ ltration of IgD+cells in the skin lesions as well as a highly up-regulated expression of the genes encoding sIgD and mIgD indicate that this immunoglobulin class plays an important role in skin immunity in general and in RMS pathology in particular. The co-occurrence of an apparent B cell dominated immune reaction with a Th1-type pro ﬁ le suggests that the local production of an- tibodies is independent of the classical Th2 pathway.