Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of prejudice level and social influence strategy on powerful people's responding to racial out-group members

This research tested the hypothesis that the responding of high, but not low, prejudice White Americans would vary as a function of manipulations of powerful people's attention to subordinate strengths that facilitate goal strivings versus weaknesses that block goals. To examine this possibility, White participants were assigned to leader roles and an interaction with a low power Black ‘employee’ was staged. Consistent with predictions, findings revealed that high prejudice White participants who were attentive to subordinate strengths and goal strivings versus subordinate weaknesses and blocked goals, evaluated and treated a Black employee more positively. The responding of low prejudice participants did not, however, vary as a function of attention to strengths and goal facilitation versus weaknesses and blocked goals. Findings suggest that stereotypes of the groups to which low power people belong influence powerful people's judgment and behavior when stereotypes are endorsed by powerful people and match powerful people's goals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Pedagogical Borderland? Comparing Student and Faculty Attitudes and Actions About Teaching and Learning

Edward Berger is an Associate Professor of Engineering Education and Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University, joining Purdue in August 2014. He has been teaching mechanics for nearly 20 years, and has worked extensively on the integration and assessment of specific technology interventions in mechanics classes. He was one of the co-leaders in 2013-2014 of the ASEE Virtual Community of Practice (VCP) for mechanics educators across the country.
Real-time control for services provided by battery energy storage systems in a residential low voltage grid with a large amount of PV

This paper presents real-time control strategies for peak shaving and voltage control provided by a Battery Energy Storage System in a low voltage grid. Two performance indices, one for peak shaving and one for voltage control, are proposed to quantify the results. The strategies are compared with a benchmark which is calculated as an ex post optimization that solves the control problem together with the sizing problem. First, a rule-based strategy for peak shaving is presented which only injects active power. Afterwards, the strategy is extended with voltage control through reactive power injection. In the latter case, an optimization problem is solved at each time step to decide at which rate active and reactive power should be injected.
Planetary boundary layer height variability over athens, greece, based on the synergy of raman lidar and radiosonde data: Application of the kalman filter and other techniques (2011-2016)

In this paper we studied the temporal evolution of the Planetary Boundary Layer height (PBLH) over the basin of Athens, Greece during a 5-year period (2011-2016) using data from the EOLE Raman lidar system. The lidar data (range-corrected lidar signals-RCS) were selected around 12:00 UTC and 00:00 UTC for a total of 332 cases: 165 days and 167 nights. Extended Kalman filtering techniques were used for the determination of the PBLH. Moreover, several well established techniques for the PBLH estimation based on lidar data were also tested for a total of 35 cases. Comparisons with the PBLH values derived from radiosonde data were also performed. The mean PBLH over Athens was found to be of the order of 1617±324 m at 12:00 UTC and of 892±130 m at 00:00 UTC, for the period examined. The mean PBLH growth rate was found to be about 170±64 m h-1 and 90±17 m h-1 , during daytime and nighttime, respectively.
Suicide Gene Therapy by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Thymidine Kinase (HSV-TK)

Suicide gene therapy for cancer treatment proposed by Moolten [1] started more than 25 years ago and has gained momentum with little variations in the original technology. At the current statistics, worldwide 1550 clinical trials of gene therapy have been reported (http://www.wiley.co.uk/genmed/clinical) among them 7% using suicide gene therapy. HSV-TK is the most well characterized suicide gene used for cancer therapy and in other diseases without inducing significant systemic toxicity [2] [3]. Chemotherapeutic drugs used for cancer therapy are problematic because they do not discriminate in their mode of action. Currently available drugs in the market are not cancer specific so functional concentration level in tumors cannot be reached without off-target toxicity level. This is specifically true for solid tumors where vascularization is poor and necrotic at the center of the tumor due to low oxygen and nutrient supply [4][5]. However, when the drug is activated by locally enzymatic reactions in a timely fashion, the metabolite is toxic for the tissue. The most widely used suicide genes are Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Thymidine Kinase (HSV-TK), and Cytosine Deaminase (CD) from the virus Herpes simplex or the bacterium Escherichia coli respectively [6][7]. Prior research has focused on the mechanism of initiation and development of tumors. It starts with the mutation of 1 or several genes, then gradually attains more genetic mutation and genomic instability during the evolution of tumor/cancer. Almost all the genes fall in 2 categories – oncogenes (derived from proto-oncogene) and tumor suppressor genes. There are many ways to treat various tumors ranging from benign to metastatic. Among them surgery followed by chemotherapeutic drug treatments is the widely used method of choice that damages the DNA and renders the cells apoptotic. Additionally, tumors can be cured by more subtle ways by restoring the function of tumor suppressor genes or disabling oncogenes, to prime the immune cells to act and down-regulate angiogenesis and metastatic activities. Solid tumors can be treated by intra-tumor delivery of suicide genes. The protein product of these genes catalyzes the formation of highly toxic metabolites following the application of some lesser toxic prodrugs. This leads to apoptosis or programmed cell death of the treated cells [8]. The apoptotic cells invite immune cells that further clear the tumor zone by phagocytosis. Suicide gene therapy is also known as Gene Directed Enzyme/Prodrug therapy (GDEPT) or as Gene Prodrug Activation Therapy (GPAT). GDEPT can either take the form of CBT (cell
Abundance and community structure of chaetognaths from the epipelagic through abyssopelagic zones in the western North Pacific and its adjacent seas

Abundance and community structure of chaetognaths were studied based on the vertical stratified zoo- plankton samples from the epipelagic through abyssopelagic zones (maximum: 5,000-5,800 m) at four stations in the western North Pacific (44°N, 39°N, 30°N, and 25°N) and one station each in the Japan Sea, Okhotsk Sea, and Bering Sea. Chaetognath standing stocks (indiv. m � 2 ) were greatest at subarctic stations (44°N, Okhotsk Sea, and Bering Sea). Ve r tically, chaetognath density (indiv. m � 3 ) was the greatest in the shallowest depths, and decreased with increasing depth. Chaetognaths occurred down to 4,000-5,000 m at subarctic stations, while chaetognaths were not found below 3,000 m at subtropical stations (30°N and 25°N). The number of chaetognath species was the greatest (22 representing 14 genera) at the transition station (39°N), and the least (1 species) at the station in the Japan Sea. Species diversity indices (H� ) were low at subarctic stations, but high at subtropical stations. Vertical profiles of Hvaried also between these stations; it peaked at the mesopelagic zone at subarctic stations, and at the epipelagic zone at subtropical stations. Cluster analysis separated chaetognath communities of the study region into 5 groups (A-E) characterized by discrete spatial distribution: group A; the mesopelagic zone at subtropical and transition areas, group B; the epipelagic zone at subtropical and transition areas, group C; the bathy- and abyssopelagic zone (except the Japan Sea), group D; all depths in the Japan Sea, and group E; the epi- and mesopelagic zones in the subarctic area. For the four most abundant species at the subarctic stations, allometric data showed greater head width to total length ratios, and greater hook length to total length ratios for deeper-dwelling species. Relatively larger head width (i.e. large mouth) and longer hooks of deep- sea chaetognaths are considered to be an adaptation significant to the successful capture of prey zooplankton in resource limited deep-sea environments.
Commonsense Knowledge Types Identification and Reasoning for the Winograd Schema Challenge

The Winograd Schema Challenge was proposed as an alternative to the Turing test in 2011. It is a text based question answering challenge which, according to its creators, “requires world knowledge and default reasoning abilities”. In this work, we performed a comprehensive study of the problems in the challenge from the perspective of identifying the types of knowledge which are needed to solve them. We identified 12 knowledge types to address the entire challenge corpus. We also defined a logical reasoning algorithm to tackle 10 out of 12 knowledge types. The algorithm covers 82.47% of all the problems in the dataset. Furthermore, we show how the overall approach generalizes on a well known pronoun resolution corpus which is inspired from the Winograd Schema Challenge.
Learning, changing and doing - Critical citizenship through ecumenical exposure

Critical citizenship is becoming a very significant part of the educational pedagogy at Stellenbosch University relating to the vocational, personal and civic lives of the students and lecturers, focusing on critical and reflective thinking in what to learn, believe and do. Making use of the central concepts of critical citizenship as hermeneutical lenses, the main research question of this article is: “Does the exposure through ecumenical tours, as part of the programme in the Postgraduate Diploma in Theology in Christian Ministry, foster critical citizenship, and if so, in what ways? ” The purpose of the article is therefore to take a closer look at one component of this specific programme and to see if, and in what ways, critical citizenship is embedded and fostered through aspects of ecumenical exposure. Factors at play in ecumenical exposure include the diversity of the student population, the content of the programme and, especially, the participatory and reflective practices of living faith communities. A pedagogical framework will be used to evaluate whether critical citizenship is enhanced through the ecumenical exposure of the programme.
A CORRELATED STUDY OF OPTICAL AND X-RAY AFTERGLOWS OF GRBs

We study an extensive sample of 87 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for which there are well-sampled and simultaneous optical and X-ray light curves. We extract the cleanest possible signal of the afterglow component and compare the temporal behaviors of the X-ray light curve, observed by Swift XRT, and optical data, observed by UVOT and ground-based telescopes for each individual burst. Overall we find that 62% of the GRBs are consistent with the standard afterglow model. When more advanced modeling is invoked, up to 91% of the bursts in our sample may be consistent with the external-shock model. A large fraction of these bursts are consistent with occurring in a constant interstellar density medium (61%) while only 39% of them occur in a wind-like medium. Only nine cases have afterglow light curves that exactly match the standard fireball model prediction, having a single power-law decay in both energy bands that are observed during their entire duration. In particular, for the bursts with chromatic behavior, additional model assumptions must be made over limited segments of the light curves in order for these bursts to fully agree with the external-shock model. Interestingly, for 54% of the X-ray and 40% of the optical band observations, the end of the shallow decay (t∼−0.5) period coincides with the jet-break (t∼−p) time, causing an abrupt change in decay slope. The fraction of the burst that is consistent with the external-shock model is independent of the observational epochs in the rest frame of GRBs. Moreover, no cases can be explained by the cooling frequency crossing the X-ray or optical band.
The Living Conditions of U.S.-Born Children of Mexican Immigrants in Unmarried Families

Recent research has brought attention to the hardship faced by children of immigrants in the United States, particularly in the Mexican-origin population. In this study, the authors are concerned with the extent to which U.S.-born children of Mexican immigrants who live in unmarried families may face exceptional risks. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, the authors find that young children of Mexican immigrants in unmarried families face significant disadvantages on a variety of levels compared with children of U.S.-born mothers. Mexican immigrant mothers have significantly lower levels of education and employment and much higher rates of poverty, as well as less access to social services. Although characterized by low rates of low birth weight and more positive maternal health behaviors, their poor socioeconomic and social service profile suggests that even when healthy at the starting gate, they may potentially face poor outcomes during childhood and beyond.
Wave Vibration Analysis of Classical Multi-story Planar Frames

This paper concerns free vibration analysis of in-plane vibrations in classical multi-story planar frame structures. An exact analytical solution is obtained using wave vibration approach. The coupling effects between bending and longitudinal vibrations in frames are taken into account. Classical beam theories are applied in modeling the flexural and longitudinal vibrations. Reflection matrices at “sliding” and “rolling” boundaries, as well as reflection and transmission matrices at the “L” and “T” joints are obtained. Numerical examples are presented along with comparisons to results available in literature.
Stochastic Frontier Models for Long Panel Data Sets: Measurement of the Underlying Energy Efficiency for the OECD Countries

In this paper we propose a general approach for estimating stochastic frontier mod- els, suitable when using long panel data sets. We measure efficiency as a linear combi- nation of a finite number of unobservable common factors, having coefficients that vary across firms, plus a time-invariant component. We adopt recently developed economet- ric techniques for large, cross sectionally correlated, non-stationary panel data models to estimate the frontier function. Given the long time span of the panel, we investigate whether the variables, including the unobservable common factors, are non-stationary, and, if so, whether they are cointegrated. To empirically illustrate our approach, we estimate a stochastic frontier model for energy demand, and compute the level of the “underlying energy efficiency” for 24 OECD countries over the period 1980 to 2008. In our specification, we control for variables such as Gross Domestic Product, energy price, climate and technological progress, that are known to impact on energy consumption. We also allow for hetero- geneity across countries in the impact of these factors on energy demand. Our panel unit root tests suggest that energy demand and its key determinants are integrated and that they exhibit a long-run relation. The estimation of efficiency scores points at European countries as the more efficient in consuming energy.
Link Prediction in Complex Networks

This chapter presents the problem of link prediction in complex networks. It provides general description, formal definition of the problem and applications. It gives a state-of-art of various existing link prediction approaches concentrating more on topological approaches. It presents the main challenges of link prediction task in real networks. There is description of our new link prediction approach based on supervised rank aggregation and our attempts to deal with two of the challenges to improve the prediction results. One approach is to extend the set of attributes describing an example (pair of nodes) calculated in a multiplex network that includes the target network. Multiplex networks have a layered structure, each layer having different kinds of links between same sets of nodes. The second way is to use community information for sampling of examples to deal with the problem of class imbalance. All experiments have been conducted on real networks extracted from well-known DBLP bibliographic database.
Using non-woven bands impregnated with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for biological control of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis

The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a treeboring cerambycid that has invaded northeastern North America, where it poses a serious threat to urban and forest trees. The use of non-woven fiber bands impregnated with Metarhizium anisopliae F 52 (fungal bands) for control of adult A. glabripennis is in development. Studies were conducted to evaluate whether conidia from fungal bands disperse in the environment and whether adult A. glabripennis can acquire infection through exposure to environments contaminated with conidia. In the field, fungal bands containing M. anisopliae were hung at a height of 3 m on 15 trees. Bark samples were taken 10, 20 and 30 cm above the bands and 10, 30, and 60 cm below the bands 2, 5, and 9 days after band placement to quantify conidial densities. There were significantly more conidia in samples taken below bands (average = 4.7 ± 1.1 conidia/sample) compared with samples taken above bands (average = 1.0 ± 0.3 conidia/sample). A significant positive correlation was found between rainfall and the occurrence of conidia on any of the bark samples. A laboratory study was conducted to determine whether conidia from Metarhizium anisopliae F 52 fungal bands could be spread to other parts of the environment, and whether A. glabripennis could become infected by conidia dispersed from fungal bands. One or five adult A. glabripennis were used to contaminate artificial environments with conidia after being exposed to fungal bands. All adults subsequently exposed to contaminated environments were killed by fungal infection. Furthermore, beetles exposed to environments that had been contaminated by five beetles died in significantly fewer days (16.2 ± 1.1 d) compared with environments contaminated by one beetle (27.9 ± 2.5 d). Beetles in both density treatments died in significantly fewer days than beetles exposed to environments without M. anisopliae conidia (114.9 ± 16.2 d). These results indicate that environmental contamination with conidia from fungal bands can occur, and that adult A. glabripennis can acquire infection from a contaminated environment. Lastly, in a laboratory bioassay, beetles were immobilized on M. anisopliae F 52 fungal bands for 30 seconds to quantify the median lethal dose, measured in number of viable conidia per square centimeter of a fungal band, for M. anisopliae F 52 fungal bands against adult A. glabripennis. Correlations were found between dose and mortality and between dose and beetle longevity for beetles presumed to have died as a result of fungal infection. A median lethal dose of 6.80 x 10 conidia/cm was calculated. These results suggest that M. anisopliae F 52 fungal bands, which have been shown to retain densities greater than 1 x 10 viable conidia/cm for at least 112 days (in New York City), would only need to be hung on trees once per season to enable exposure to the majority of adult A. glabripennis in US infestations each year.
The reliability of children ' s self-reported internalizing symptoms over brief-to medium-length time intervals

Objective: To determine whether children between the ages of 8 and 12 years are able to reliably report internalizing symptoms over short to medium-length time intervals as measured by an objective self-report instrument of internalizing symptoms. Method: The Internalizing Symptoms Scale for Children (ISSC) was group-administered initially to 131 children and at subsequent intervals of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: Pearson product-moment correlations for the ISSC total scores of the participants were computed across the various retest intervals. At 2 weeks, the correlation was . 84. At 4 weeks, the correlation was . 76. After 12 weeks, the correlation was . 74. Conclusions: These data indicate that children between 8 and 12 years old can reliably report their experience over short to medium-length intervals. These findings provide strong support for the ISSC as a research and clinical instrument for the assessment of internalizing symptoms in children between 8 and 12 years of age, which may ultimately prove beneficial in the identification and treatment of childhood internalizing disorders. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Influence of laser writing of polyimides on the alignment of liquid crystals

The influence of direct laser writing in polyimides on the alignment of organic liquid crystals was investigated. Laser writing was performed below the ablation threshold, which resulted in local melting of the polyimide. A surface relief structure was obtained as a result of the fast heating and cooling cycle during laser writing. No alignment of organic liquid crystals in the vicinity of the surface relief structure was observed as a direct result of the laser writing process. However, it appeared to be possible to wipe out the alignment originating from the rubbing process. This property proved to be useful to generate complex patterns in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells with locally uniaxial alignment. The contrast between the nonpatterned and patterned areas ranged between 40 and 50, which illustrates that the earlier described phenomena are potentially useful in, for instance, personalized security features.