Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of spatial distribution patterns of multi-elements in geochemical maps for provenance and transfer process of marine sediments in Kyushu, western Japan

We investigated the origin of marine sediments and their transfer by water currents using the spatial distribution patterns of multi-elements in terrestrial and marine areas of Kyushu, western Japan. Quaternary volcanic material covers Cretaceous granitic rock and Jurassic– Paleogene sedimentary rock of an accretionary complex in this region. Cluster analysis based on chemical compositions identified the origin of marine sediments from stream sediments originating from the above lithologies. Pyroclastic flow deposits associated with caldera formation, particularly that of the Kikai caldera (7.3 ka), were characterized by low Cr/Ti and La/Yb ratios. In contrast, the La/Yb ratio was very high in sediments derived from granitic rock and sedimentary rock of the accretionary complex. The spatial distributions of low Cr/Ti and La/Yb ratios suggest that marine sediments containing pyroclastic materials, which are found within an 80-km radius of the Kikai caldera, were distributed on the shelf and transported northeastward by a branch of the Kuroshio Current. The continuous distribution of the medium Cr/Ti and high La/Yb ratios from the land to the coast, slope, and deep basin on the Pacific Ocean side suggests that sediments supplied from the terrestrial area were transferred by gravitational transport from the shelf to the deep basin. AC CE PT ED M AN US CR IP T by guest on March 5, 2021 http://sp.lyellcollection. org/ Downloaded from
A spectacular new genus of Staphylinini rove beetle from the tropical Andes and its phylogenetic assessment (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae)

Abstract. Devilleferus brunkei Jenkins Shaw & Solodovnikov, gen. et sp. nov., a distinctive new genus and species of Staphylinini rove beetle with an unusual set of morphological characters is described from the tropical Andes (Ecuador and possibly Colombia and Bolivia) in South America. To resolve systematic placement of the new genus within Staphylinini we assembled a dataset of 68 morphological characters scored for 34 taxa representing a broad sample of the respective rove beetle tribe, and performed Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses. Both analytical methods unambiguously placed Devilleferus as sister to the subtribe Amblyopinina, and overall they corroborated recently established subtribal systematics for Staphylinini inferred mainly from molecular markers. Based on the shared synapomorphies, Devilleferus is assigned to the subtribe Amblyopinina. The internal relationships within Amblyopinina remain to be clarified in a broader study of that very poorly explored austral lineage.
The image high capacity and reversible data hiding technique based on pixel frequency of block

The data communication is becoming more and more rapidly and conveniently due to the information technology and Internet expeditious development. Therefore, the protections of information security and integrity are becoming very important in the network transmission. And the data hiding schemes are raised in the image research. The image data hiding technique is to embed secret message into a cover image and produce a stego-image, which can be securely sent to the receiver without revealing the secret message in the image. In this paper, we will propose an image high capacity and reversible data hiding scheme based on the frequency of block pixels. This method explores the frequency of pixels in each block and uses them as the predictive values. Because the neighboring pixels of blocks have the similar characteristics and the differences of prediction pixels are approximately. Thus, the peak values of prediction difference histogram are increased greatly, and the embedding capacity can be effectively enlarged on the cover image. From the experimental results, the stego-image not only has good PSNR values of image quality, but also has reversible characteristics for data hiding.
Double emulsion‐encapsulated guggul exhibits improved in vivo hypocholesterolaemic action in rats

Summary Guggul tree or Commiphora mukul is a small thorny herb having remarkable hypocholesterolaemic properties. Its therapeutic effects are because of its biocomponent guggulsterones, especially guggulsterone E and Z. In this research, double emulsion-based spread was tried to improve the bioavailability of the herb guggul in in vivo rat model. The effect of the different diets with encapsulated and nonencapsulated guggul was evaluated and compared after 6 weeks, based on the final body weight and analysis of organs, serum and faeces of normal and hypercholesterolaemic (H) rats. It was evident from the results that double emulsion-encapsulated guggul showed better control on weight of H rats (25.98% lower), inhibition of HMG CoA reductase (3.95 times less) activity and reduction in atherosclerotic index (47.2%), as compared to diet with unencapsulated guggul. Encapsulation of guggul also improved faecal excretion of bile acids, lipids and total cholesterol in H and normal rats.
Numerical Solution of Boundary Layer Problem Using Second Order Variable Mesh Method

In this paper, a second-order finite difference method on non-uniform grid is proposed for the solution of singularly perturbed boundary value problems. Replace the derivatives of the problem with highorder finite differences on a non-uniform grid to get a discrete equation. This equation can be effectively solved by tridiagonal method. This method performs convergence analysis and the method produces second-order consistent convergence. The numerical experiments are used to illustrate the method. The absolute error has been proposed to compare with other methods in the literature to prove the rationality of the method.
THE BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATION AND DNA DAMAGE IN RATS (RATTUS RATTUS) AFTER CHRONIC INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTION TO PURIFIED MICROCYSTIN-LR FROM ANABAENA CIRCINALIS

Â Â Objective: This study determined the effect of purified microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) on biochemical and DNA damage parameters in rats.Methods: Utilization of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography in analysis, purification and collection of MC-LR, then intraperitoneally injection of purified MC-LR to rats. At the end of exposure, animals were sacrificed, and liver cell was isolated to measure the biochemical markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) as well as measured malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450), and DNA damage markers such as comet length, tail length, and tail moment were measured with the single cell gel electrophoresis also called comet assay.Results: The present results showed significantly increased activities of SOD as well as concentration of MDA, ROS with increasing concentration of MC-LR but the activities of CAT and GSH, as well as Cyt P450, were significantly decreased with increasing MC-LR dose while makers of DNA damage such as comet length, tail length, and tail moment also significantly increased with increasing MC-LR dose.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that chronic exposure to MC-LR toxin can induce alteration of biochemical and DNA damage markers.
Fuel wastage and pollution due to road toll booth

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study provides an assessment of fuel wastage, particulate matter particles pollution, and noise pollution at three toll booths near district Varanasi, India. The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of vehicle idling conditions on road tolls in terms of pollution and fuel wastage. METHODS: The study used mathematical formulation on queuing observations for assessment of fuel wastage due to vehicle idling at toll booths. Handheld device HT-9600 Air Particle counter was used for getting the readings of PM2.5 and PM10. SL10 noise meter of Extech Instruments was used for measuring the noise levels at the selected three toll booths of Dafi Toll Booth, Lalanagar Toll Booth, and Mohania Toll Booth. FINDING: The study assessed a greater extent of fuel wastage at all the three toll booths with maximum fuel wastage at Dafi Toll booth due to vehicle idling. In terms of air pollution, severe levels of particulate matter particles were observed over all the three toll booths. The noise levels over the three toll booths were also observed significantly high. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that serious measures are required to control and regulate toll booths to avoid vehicle idling, which will lead to savings of fuel and air and noise pollution.
Whitebark Pine in the Northern Cascades: Tracking the Effects of Blister Rust on Population Health in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and Mount Rainier National Park

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) is a key component of subalpine and alpine ecosystems in the northern Cascades. The species’ survival is threatened by white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, fire exclusion, and climate change. We monitored whitebark pine in permanent plots in two national parks three times between 2004 and 2016. The proportion of live trees showing evidence of blister rust infection increased in North Cascades National Park Service Complex from 32% in 2004 to 51% in 2016 and from 18% to 38% in Mount Rainier National Park. Mortality increased from 7% to 21% in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and 38% to 44% in Mount Rainier National Park. The percent of live infected and dead whitebark pine increased with south and east aspects and mortality decreased with elevation. Annualized mortality rates calculated for the entire study period were 1.5% in Mount Rainier National Park and 2.3% in North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Although these rates decreased between the first time period (2004–2009) and the second time period (2009–2016), the prevalence of infected and dead whitebark pine increased across all park landscapes over time and increased in smaller diameter whitebark pine trees.
Review of Formation and Gas Characteristics in Shale Gas Reservoirs

An accurate understanding of formation and gas properties is crucial to the efficient development of shale gas resources. As one kind of unconventional energy, shale gas shows significant differences from conventional energy ones in terms of gas accumulation processes, pore structure characteristics, gas storage forms, physical parameters, and reservoir production modes. Traditional experimental techniques could not satisfy the need to capture the microscopic characteristics of pores and throats in shale plays. In this review, the uniqueness of shale gas reservoirs is elaborated from the perspective of: (1) geological and pore structural characteristics, (2) adsorption/desorption laws, and (3) differences in properties between the adsorbed gas and free gas. As to the first aspect, the mineral composition and organic geochemical characteristics of shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin, China were measured and analyzed based on the experimental results. Principles of different methods to test pore size distribution in shale formations are introduced, after which the results of pore size distribution of samples from the Longmaxi shale are given. Based on the geological understanding of shale formations, three different types of shale gas and respective modeling methods are reviewed. Afterwards, the conventional adsorption models, Gibbs excess adsorption behaviors, and supercritical adsorption characteristics, as well as their applicability to engineering problems, are introduced. Finally, six methods of calculating virtual saturated vapor pressure, seven methods of giving adsorbed gas density, and 12 methods of calculating gas viscosity in different pressure and temperature conditions are collected and compared, with the recommended methods given after a comparison.
Analysis of Mutagenic Potential of Therapeutic Vaccine Based on BPV-1 E6 Recombinant Protein Combined with Different Adjuvants

Bovine papillomavirus is a worldwide distributed virus that affects at least 60% of Brazilian cattle herd, causing significant economic loses. Considering the great number of BPV-infected bovines, therapeutic vaccines, such those based on E6 protein, are mandatory to control the BPV-related diseases. However, the choice of the adjuvant remains challenging the vaccinology field, since adjuvants are associated with local and systemic reactions. Thus, this study analyzed the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of BPV-1 E6 protein-based vaccine formulations using different adjuvants: aluminum hydroxide, complete and incomplete Freund’s adjuvants and two anti-oxidant saponin-rich extracts obtained from Agave sisalana-alcoholic and acid hydrolysis extract. Results of these analyzes suggest that acid hydrolysis extract from A. sisalana is an alternative and useful candidate for therapeutic vaccines, being able to reduce the mutagenic potential of antigen.
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure EFL Learners’ Level of Self-Regulated Learning

In the past few decades, the construct of self-regulated learning (SRL) has found an important place in educational research, targeting learners’ strategic behavior. The concept has spawned extensive research in various educational settings highlighting its significance by showing that not only are achievement differences among learners a function of the degree to which they are equipped with SRL processes, but also the processes involved in SRL enable learners with various proficiency levels to improve their academic learning and performance (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2011). More self-regulated learners are purported to be more motivated, efficient and resourceful. This suggests that if learners can develop a sense of self-regulation, they are more likely to persist with the task at hand in the face of competing motivations, distractions, and tendencies toward procrastination (Pintrich, 1999). Therefore, teachers and researchers in the domain of language learning have also been provoked to examine the role of SRL processes given that language learning is a daunting process during which learners face many challenges including the bulk of materials, tensions between social and learning goals, tempting distractions, etc., all of which interfere with second language (L2) learners’ performance. Taking into account the need to explore the role of SRL processes in successful language learning, the purpose of our study is to construct a comprehensive measurement device to enable stakeholders to develop a sounder understanding of factors that impede and/or promote L2 learners’ SRL.
Size, body condition, and limb asymmetry in two hylid frogs at different habitat disturbance levels in Veracruz, México

Habitat disturbance is one of the main factors contributing to population declines. Changes in the amount and quality of available habitat can affect body condition and morphology. In this study we evaluated the effect of habitat disturbance (deforestation, urbanisation and land-use change) on body size, body condition and fluctuating asymmetry in two species of arboreal tropical frogs (Agalychnis callidryas and Dendropsophus ebraccatus) at Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz, México. We did not find significant differences in body condition or body size associated with habitat disturbance in A. callidryas, although the species reduced its local distribution in line with habitat disturbance. In D. ebraccatus, on the other hand, we observed a significant relationship between body condition and size with habitat disturbance. It is unknown whether these changes are adaptive or compromise the permanence of populations. Fluctuating asymmetry indices for both species exhibited no significant differences except for the tibia-fibula length of D. ebraccatus, which was significantly higher in undisturbed habitat.
Prescription Psychoactive Medication Use in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer and Association With Adult Functional Outcomes

Abstract Background This study estimates the prevalence and identifies predictors of psychoactive medication use in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer (aged 12-18 years) and its associations with functional outcomes at young adulthood (aged 18-28 years). Methods This retrospective cohort study includes 5665 adolescent survivors of childhood cancer at no less than 5 years postdiagnosis (53.8% male, median age = 15 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 13-16 years) and 921 adolescent sibling controls. Parent-reported psychoactive medication use during adolescence was collected at baseline. After a median of 8 years, functional outcomes and social attainment were self-reported during adulthood (n = 3114, median age = 22 years, IQR = 20-24 years). Multivariable log-binomial models evaluated associations among risk factors, medication use, and adult outcomes. Results Higher prevalence of psychoactive medication use was reported in survivors compared with siblings (18.3% vs 6.6%; 2-sided P < .001), with trends for increasing antidepressant and stimulant use in recent treatment eras. After adjusting for cancer treatment and baseline cognitive problems, psychoactive medication use during adolescence was associated with impaired task efficiency (relative risk [RR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.43) and memory (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.52) during adulthood. Survivors who reported continued use of medications from adolescence to adulthood demonstrated poorer emotional regulation (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.27) and organization (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.28 to 2.59) compared with nonusers. Adolescent opioid use was associated with somatization symptoms (RR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.73) during adulthood, after adjusting for cancer treatment and baseline behavioral problems. They were also more likely to not complete college (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.41) or work full-time (RR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.08) compared with nonusers. Conclusion Use of psychoactive medication is more prevalent among adolescent survivors compared with siblings and does not normalize adult outcomes, as evidenced by poorer functional outcomes during young adulthood.
A Complete Discriminative Tensor Representation Learning for Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis

As an effective tool for two-dimensional data analysis, two-dimensional canonical correlation analysis (2DCCA) is not only capable of preserving the intrinsic structural information of original two-dimensional (2D) data, but also reduces the computational complexity effectively. However, due to the unsupervised nature, 2DCCA is incapable of extracting sufficient discriminatory representations, resulting in an unsatisfying performance. In this letter, we propose a complete discriminative tensor representation learning (CDTRL) method based on linear correlation analysis for analyzing 2D signals (e.g. images). This letter shows that the introduction of the complete discriminatory tensor representation strategy provides an effective vehicle for revealing, and extracting the discriminant representations across the 2D data sets, leading to improved results. Experimental results show that the proposed CDTRL outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the evaluated data sets.
Organic Carbon Export and Loss Rates in the Red Sea

The export and fate of organic carbon in the mesopelagic zone are still poorly understood and quantified due to lack of observations. We exploited data from a biogeochemical‐Argo float that was deployed in the Red Sea to study how a warm and hypoxic environment can affect the fate of the organic carbon in the ocean's interior. We observed that only 10% of the particulate organic carbon (POC) exported survived at depth due to remineralization processes in the upper mesopelagic zone. We also found that POC exported was rapidly degraded in a first stage and slowly in a second one, which may be dependent on the palatability of the organic matter. We observed that apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)‐based loss rates (a proxy of the remineralization of total organic matter) were significantly higher than the POC‐based loss rates, likely because changes in AOU are mainly attributed to changes in dissolved organic carbon. Finally, we showed that POC‐ and AOU‐based loss rates could be expressed as a function of temperature and oxygen concentration. These findings advance our understanding of the biological carbon pump and mesopelagic ecosystem.
Microhabitat ecology of semi-aquatic Varanus flavescens (Reptilia: varanidae) in altered habitats

A potential microhabitat is very important for the survival and successful reproduction of any wildlife species. In this study we assessed the microhabitat characteristics of Varanus flavescens in the human altered ecosystems of Chalan beel area, Baraigram, Natore by flowing the Visual Encounter Survey method and by using several important material. A semi-aquatic microhabitat of canal and river was preferred by the species as compared to other identified microhabitats. The slow moving water of the river and canal was fresh and somewhat cloudy in character but stagnant water of the pond and beel (floodplain) was semitransparent having lots of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The soil was mostly silty clay. As the study species is cold blooded, the environmental variables like soil, air and water temperatures inside and outside of the microhabitat play major roles for their activity patterns. In order to regulate their body temperature, during a hot sunny day they were more active within the shady area of the microhabitats but at dawn and dusk they were more seen in the sunny areas where temperature was relatively higher. In winter months, the monitor lizards were almost inactive. During that time of the year they live inside the burrow to avoid the extreme cold and foggy weather but during heavy sunshine they come outside of the hole for thermoregulation purpose for a certain time. We noticed that extensive agricultural practice and the excessive use of insecticides may be having a detrimental effect on the microhabitat features important to this semiaquatic lizard. Still the study species is more seen in the human altered ecosystems of Bangladesh. So, to ensure their existence in our close proximity there is an urgent need to create consciousness of the people regarding this beneficial nonvenomous species and their respective microhabitat.
Promoting Professional Vision of Classroom Management Through Different Analytic Perspectives in Video-Based Learning Environments

This study investigated how taking different perspectives in teacher training courses influences the learning of professional vision, multiperspectivity, and strategic knowledge of classroom management. A total of 134 student teachers analyzed classroom management from one of three different perspectives: 36, from an observer perspective by viewing videos of unknown teachers (TG-V); 46, from only a protagonist perspective by remembering own teaching (TG-T); and 52, from both a protagonist and an observer perspective through videos of their own, their peers, and unknown teaching (TG-VT). An untreated control group (CG) received no classroom management training. Learning gains were investigated in a quasi-experimental pre–post–follow-up design using a mixed-methods approach. Results showed that all interventions fostered strategic knowledge of classroom management. Analyzing videos from own and unknown teachers (TG-VT) had the strongest positive effect on professional vision, but analyzing own teaching from memory also had higher effects on professional vision and multiperspectivity than analyzing stock videos.