Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of light on N<sub>2</sub> fixation and net nitrogen release of <i>Trichodesmium</i> in a field study

Dinitrogen ﬁxation (NF) by marine cyanobacteria is an important pathway to replenish the oceanic bioavail-able nitrogen inventory. Light is the key to modulating NF; however, ﬁeld studies investigating the light response curve (NF-I curve) of NF rate and the effect of light on diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) net release are relatively sparse in the literature, hampering prediction using models. A dissolution method was applied using uncontaminated 15 N 2 gas to examine how the light changes may inﬂuence the NF intensity and DDN net release in the oligotrophic ocean. Experiments were conducted at stations with diazotrophs dominated by ﬁlamentous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in the western Paciﬁc and the South China Sea. The effect of light on carbon ﬁxation (CF) was measured in parallel using the 13 C tracer method speciﬁcally for a station characterized by Trichodesmium bloom. Both NF-I and CF-I curves showed a I k (light saturation coefﬁcient) range of 193 to 315 µE m − 2 s − 1 , with light saturation at around 400 µE m − 2 s − 1 . The proportion of DDN net release ranged from ∼ 6 to ∼ 50 %, suggesting an increasing trend as the light intensity decreased. At the Trichodesmium bloom station, we found that the CF / NF ratio was light-dependent and the ratio started to increase as light was lower than the carbon compensation point of 200 µE m − 2 s − 1 . Under low-light stress, Trichodesmium physiologically preferred to allocate more energy for CF to alleviate the intensive carbon consumption by respiration; thus, there is a metabolism tradeoff between CF and NF pathways. Results showed that short-term ( < 24 h) light change modulates the physiological state, which subsequently determined the C / N metabolism and DDN net release by Trichodesmium . Reallocation of energy associated with the variation in light intensity would be helpful for prediction of the global biogeochemical cycle of N by models involving Trichodesmium blooms.
Renewable energy drivers in the European Union – evidence from the panel data threshold regression model

The study examines the effect of increasing energy prices on the growth rate of the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption across EU member states under different GDP growth regimes in the years 2009–2017. The issue is addressed by means of the non-dynamic panel threshold regression model with individual-specific fixed effects as proposed by Hansen (1999). Empirical results of the study suggest the existence of a GDP growth rate threshold (3.1%) for the influence of increases in energy prices on the growth rate of the share of renewables in gross final energy consumption across EU member states.
Automatic Aspect-Based Sentiment Summarization for Visual, Structured, and Textual Summaries

Online reviews are valuable sources of information to help companies to make good decisions for business intelligence. In this study, we propose an Automatic Aspect-based Sentiment Summarization (AAbSS) system that has two components and can generate a summary as an output. The rst component is the Aspect-based Knowledge Representation and Selection (AKRS) used to represent reviews based on aspects and their polarities for selecting aspect-based knowledge. To represent and selection knowledge, a set of frequency of polarity opinion strength, a summation of frequency of aspect, and an information of aspect are initiated. The second component is the Summary Format Generation (SFG) used to automatically generate three kinds of formats. In this component, new representations for visual and structured summaries, and a new way of applied natural language generation for a textual summary are proposed. In the experiments, 15 domains from benchmark datasets of customer reviews, e.g. cell phone, digital camera, etc. are used. The proposed system not only fast generates summaries having good performance when compared to other summaries generated by other systems and easily updated when adding new reviews in the same domain but also does not spend memory capacity to save any raw data.
Precipitation of Sodium Tetraphylborate-Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination of Rubidium and Cesium in Brine

Potassium,rubidium and cesium in the sample brine were quantitatively precipitated with sodium tetraphylborate,and the precipitate were filtrated and incinerated,then the cineration were redissolved and the potassium chloride were added,the same amount of potassium chloride and boric acid were added to the standard series.The last,the rubidium and cesium of both the sample and standard series were detected with atomic emissions spectrometric in the same matrix.
Speckle Noise Reduction and Image Segmentation Based on a Modified Mean Filter

Image segmentation is an essential process in many fields involving digital images. In general, segmentation is the process of dividing the image into objects and background image. Image segmentation is an important step in the object detection process. It becomes more critical if a given image is corrupted by noise. Most digital images are corrupted by noises such as salt and pepper noise, Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, speckle noise, etc. Speckle noise is a multiplicative noise that affects pixels in a gray-scale image, and mainly occurs in low level luminance images such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) images. Image enhancement is an essential task to reduce specklenoise prior to performing further image processing such as object detection, image segmentation, edge detection, etc. Here, we propose a neighborhood-based algorithm to reduce speckle noise in gray-scale images. The main aim of the noise reduction technique is to segment the noisy image. So that the proposed algorithm applies some luminance to the original image. The proposed technique performs well at maximum noise variance. Finally, the segmentation process is done by the modified mean filter. The proposed technique has three phases. In phase 1, the speckle noise is reduced and the contrast adjustment is made. In phase 2, the segmentation of the enhanced image is processed. Finally, in phase 3, the isolated pixels in the segmented image are eliminated and the final segmented image is generated. This technique does not require any threshold value to segment the image; it will be automatically calculated based on the mean value.
Short or Long Review? - Text Analytics and Machine Learning Approaches to Online Reputation

This paper first constructs a numerical text review score by applying text analytics and machine learning techniques to more than three million online text reviews collected from the Airbnb platform. Next, we employ the text review score to analyze the effect of review length on text review score and obtain insights on the interplay between the text review length and online reputation. The main contributions of this paper include: experimenting with advanced text analytics and machine learning approaches to assess online reputation; constructing an innovative text review score as a new online reputation measure; building a large knowledge-based review corpus with labels; and obtaining important insights about the effects of text review length on online reputation. Further, it has managerial and business implications for all internet platform markets and the sharing economy players seeking to build more effective online reputation systems.
Facility level measurement of offshore oil and gas installations from a medium-sized airborne platform: method development for quantification and source identification of methane emissions

Abstract. Emissions of methane (CH4) from offshore oil and gas installations are poorly ground-truthed, and quantification relies heavily on the use of emission factors and activity data. As part of the United Nations Climate & Clean Air Coalition (UN CCAC) objective to study and reduce short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), a Twin Otter aircraft was used to survey CH4 emissions from UK and Dutch offshore oil and gas installations. The aims of the surveys were to (i) identify installations that are significant CH4 emitters, (ii) separate installation emissions from other emissions using carbon-isotopic fingerprinting and other chemical proxies, (iii) estimate CH4 emission rates, and (iv) improve flux estimation (and sampling) methodologies for rapid quantification of major gas leaks. In this paper, we detail the instrument and aircraft set-up for two campaigns flown in the springs of 2018 and 2019 over the southern North Sea and describe the developments made in both the planning and sampling methodology to maximise the quality and value of the data collected. We present example data collected from both campaigns to demonstrate the challenges encountered during offshore surveys, focussing on the complex meteorology of the marine boundary layer and sampling discrete plumes from an airborne platform. The uncertainties of CH4 flux calculations from measurements under varying boundary layer conditions are considered, as well as recommendations for attribution of sources through either spot sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ∕ δ13CCH4 or using in situ instrumental data to determine C2H6–CH4 ratios. A series of recommendations for both planning and measurement techniques for future offshore work within marine boundary layers is provided.
Conventional, Structured and "Camera-Captured" Note-taking Methods: A Comparative Analysis

This study investigated which among conventional, structured and "camera-captured" notes, could enhance students' conceptual understanding on direct circuits. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach with pretest-posttest design. The purposive sampling method was used to select 99 senior high school participants. These participants were categorized into three groups: conventional, structured, and "camera-captured" note-taking groups. Pretest and posttest were administered before and after the experiment. Furthermore, participants were tasked to create reflective journals to substantiate the results. One-way ANOVA results revealed that the posttest performance of the groups was non-significant, implying that the note-taking methods have comparable effect towards student performance. This indicates that no method is more effective over the other. Moreover, dependent t-test showed that all of the groups registered significant gains from pretest to posttest. This further indicates that note-taking, in whichever method utilized, could enhance conceptual understanding of students towards direct circuits.
Evaluation of α-amylase expression and analysis of phytochemical in the leaf callus tissue of Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. Ex Kurz exposed to Cyclodextrin

Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. Ex Kurz belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The objective of the present study was to establish an effective protocol for the regeneration of leaf explants from R. serpentina and to study the α-amylase expression and phytochemical profiling by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further antibacterial activity was studied using silver, gold, and copper nanoparticles. The leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing Benzyl amino purine (BAP) (2.0 mg/L-1) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 mg/L-1) induced the formation of callus and expressed α-amylase with underexposed to Cyclodextrin. Explants growing on MS medium fortified with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (1.0 mg/L-1), NAA (1.0 mg/L-1) with and without BAP (2.0 mg/L-1) and showed a maximum concentration of protein on the 75th day. Synthesis of a-amylase enzyme was expressed 40 days old culture and were confirmatic by western, further Silver, gold, and copper nanoparticles were synthesized using the ethyl acetate extract of callus tissue and subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC), which resolved 5 bands. These five bands were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. TLC band 4 alone showed inhibitory activity against both Gram-negative and positive bacteria and potent antioxidant activity. For the first time, α-amylase was found in the callus extract by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blot. The fourth band of TLC from the ethyl acetate extract as well as silver and gold nanoparticles synthesized using this extract revealed pronounced antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis revealed 26 compounds, which included mainly the phytosterols and fatty acid esters.
Effect of Olive Oil and Pomegranate Peels on Rats Suffering from Chronic Injury in the Liver

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive oil and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels on rats suffering from chronic injury in the liver. Forty-eight male albino rats (Sprague Dawley Strain) used in this study, the rats divided into two main groups. The first main group (6 rats) fed on basal diet (as a control negative group). The second main group (42 rats) treated with CCl4 in paraffin oil (50% v/v 2 ml/kg) twice a week subcutaneous injection for two weeks to induce chronic damage in the liver. Then the second main group was divided into seven subgroups. Results showed that, injected rats with CCl4 induced significant increase in organs weights / body weight% including (liver and kidney), serum lipid profile except HDL-cholesterol, kidney functions, liver enzymes activity, bilirubin, glucose and nitric oxide (NO), while weight gain, serum protein, albumin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased. Treating rats, which were, suffer from chronic injury on the liver with two level from pomegranate peels (3 and 6%), two dosage from olive oil (1 and 2 ml olive oil /kg b.w.) and the same dosage from olive oil with the same levels from pomegranate peels together improved all above parameters. the best results in these parameters recorded for the group treated with 6% pomegranate peels and 2 ml olive oil /kg b.w. , followed by the groups treated with 3% pomegranate peels and 1ml olive oil /kg b.w. and 6% pomegranate peels, respectively. From these results, it could be concluded that, pomegranate peels and olive oil (alone or together) improved the sever disorders which result from the injection with CCl4.
Apple blossom-end rot due to Neonectria ditissima is initiated by infections at full flowering and incipient petal fall

Neonectria ditissima is a major cause of blossom-end rot (eye rot, calyx-end rot) as a pre-harvest fruit rot of apple in Northwestern Europe. Artificial inoculation of trees was undertaken at close intervals under natural conditions during flowering in order to obtain a higher-resolution definition of the most susceptible phenological stage of apple for blossom-end rot infections by N. ditissima. Similar trials were conducted for another blossom-end rot fungus, Botrytis pseudocinerea. Results for N. ditissima showed full bloom to be the most susceptible stage for infection in cultivar ‘Pinova’, whereas with cultivar ‘Nicoter’ the highest infection rates were obtained at full bloom to petal fall, reflecting temporal differences in flower development between one-year-old and older wood. Few infections were observed by inoculation at the beginning of flowering or about one week after petal fall when no petals were left on the flowers, and the fruit knots were enlarging. This finding shortens the time-span for infections as compared to previous knowledge. Floral inoculations with conidia of B. pseudocinerea were unsuccessful. Options to control blossom-end rot in integrated pest management include a timing of scab or powdery mildew fungicide sprays to full bloom, and canker pruning just ahead of flowering in orchards strongly affected by N. ditissima.
Prospective Role of N-Acetyl-5-Methoxytryptamine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan in β-Cell Health and Improved Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health metabolic disorder that affected 387 million people with a mortality of 3.4 million due to hyperglycemia according to World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. It is predicted that the number of deaths will get double between the year 2000 and 2030 [2]. The number of subjects with diabetes rose from 108 million from 1980 to 422 million in 2014 [3]. WHO in their reported quoted that diabetes among adults over 18 years of age rose from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014 [4]. DM is a chronic metabolic disease that befalls due to failure or insufficiency of the pancreas to make insulin or when the body is not able to sense that insulin. There are two major categories of DM; the first one is type 1 DM also known as insulin-dependent DM or juvenile or childhood-onset diabetes, which is characterized by insufficient insulin production due to pancreas damaged by autoimmune disease. Another type of DM includes type 2 DM (T2DM), which is characterized by abnormally high insulin resistance due to factors associated like age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and other environmental factors [5,6]. Patients presenting T2DM often acProspective Role of N-Acetyl-5-Methoxytryptamine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan in β-Cell Health and Improved Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperglycemia
Eletrodeposição de filmes finos de cobalto em silício tipo-n monocristalino /

This work has the main objective o f establishing general parameters for the electrodeposition of thin cobalt films on n-type single cristal silicon. The cobalt films were obtained by potentiostatic electrodeposition using aqueous solutions containing cobalt sulphate (C0SO4). Electrolytes with different concentrations of cobalt sulphate and additives were tested. Basically, the additives boric acid (H3BO3) and sodium sulphate (Na2S04) were used. Cyclic voltammetry and current transients investigated the electrochemical aspects involved in the preparation of the thin layers. The deposits were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and electrical measurements (IxV curves). High quality films with metallic aspect, good adherence, compact structure and regular texture were obtained with a solution containing both additives. The film also showed a ferromagnetic behaviour and a Schottky barrier at the metal/semiconductor interface. An important investigated effect was the influence of the hydrogen evolution during the deposition of the metallic layers. The influence of the hydrogen was drastically reduced by increasing of the concentration of cobalt sulphate and by controlling the deposition potential. A range of deposition potential for maximal efficiency was determined.
Single strand conformation polymorphism: Principle and Troubleshoots

One of the common techniques used to identify unknown mutations is single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). SSCP is used frequently because the technique is simple, fast, sensitive and reproducible. It has been frequently reported that it is very easy to establish this technique with minimal infrastructure and expenditure. This short communication presents the basic principles of SSCP and possible troubleshoots of standardization of this technique in the lab.
THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MANUFACTURING A FERROALLOY FROM CARBON FERROCHROME DUSTS

The article contains the research results of obtaining a ferroalloy from a carbon ferrochrome dust containing 30,2 % of Сr2O3, 23.4 % of SiO2, 32.7 % of MgO, 5.0 % of FeO, 1.6 % of CaO, 4.5 % of Al2O3, 2.3 % of C, and 0.3 % others. The studies were carried out by a thermodynamic modeling method using the HSC-6.0 software package (Outokumpu) based on the principle of the Gibbs energy minimum, the Box-Hunter rototable planning technique and electric melting of the dust in an arc furnace. It was found that the interaction of the dust with carbon under equilibrium conditions and in the presence of iron leads to formation of Cr4C (T>1000°C), Cr3C2, Cr7C3, Cr (T>1100°C), FeSi (T>1300°C), SiC (T>1400°C), SiOg and Si (T>1500°C). In the temperature range of 1745-1900°C and in the presence of 18-34% of carbon and 8% of iron of the dust mass, the resulting ferroalloy contained 18.525. 2% of Si and 46.8-49.4% of Cr (in this case the silicon extraction degree into the alloy was 60.0-64.4%, the chromium one – 99.8%). When the electrosmelting the granulated dust together with coke and steel shavings, the chromium extraction degree into the alloy was 98.5-99.4%, the silicon one – 53.7-57.0%; the obtained ferroalloys containing 18.3-21.9% of silicon and 45.6-53.6% of chromium meet the requirements to FeCrSi23-grade ferrosilicochromium.
Crystal growth and structural remarks on malonate-based lanthanide coordination polymers

The synthesis, structural characterization and thermal study of new coordination polymers (CPs) of formula [Ln2(mal)3(H2O)5]·2H2O [Ln = Ho (1·2H2O), Tb (1a), Dy (1b), Er (1c) and Yb (1d); mal = malonate], [Ln2(mal)3(H2O)6] [Ln = Sm (2) and Ce (2a)], [Ce2(mal)3(H2O)6]·2H2O (3·2H2O) and [Ce2(mal)3(H2O)3]·2H2O (4·2H2O) are presented. Complexes 1–4 have been also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of 2 was previously reported (Elsegood, M. R. J., Husain, S., Private Communication, 2014) and it is very close to that of 3. In the light of these results and those previously reported in the literature for malonate-containing lanthanide(III) complexes, a detailed overview on the crystal structures and topologies of these systems is provided herein, covering CPs in one, two and three dimensions, as well as the molecular architectures assembled by hydrogen bonding from low-dimensional entities to higher-dimensional supramolecular architectures.
Performance Comparison of Transmit and Receive Diversity under Rayleigh Faded Channel Using Extended Alamouti’s Scheme

Diversity techniques have been used over the years to improve the wireless communication links, mitigate fading, achieve higher data rates, and improve channel capacity gains. This paper presents the comparative analysis of transmitting and receive diversity techniques with our proposed extended Alamouti’s scheme using orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) under the Rayleigh faded channel. In this paper, three possible diversity configurations have been considered: multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), single-input multiple outputs (SIMO), and multiple-input single-output (MISO). The model was developed in a Matlab environment and performance comparison was carried out using BER vs SNR. Our proposed model proved that the MIMO system is highly efficient in improving wireless communication links. Also, our proposed transmit diversity scheme with a higher number of antenna arrays achieves full diversity as in receive combining schemes.
The Evolution of the Web

—In recent years several studies have been carried out which have attempted to characterise the Web on different levels, and within a speciﬁc period of time. This paper presents a study on the evolution of the Global and Spanish Web in the last 3 years. It will analyse the main features of the Web, grouped on different levels and during three separate periods of time. The aim is to obtain information on changing trends on the Global and Spanish Web over the years, comparing and analysing the results of these trends. This has been conducted paying special attention to such aspects as the degree of similarity of the Web, the evolution of the age of web pages and the most commonly used web technologies.