Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudomyopia: A Review

This review has identified evidence about pseudomyopia as the result of an increase in ocular refractive power due to an overstimulation of the eye’s accommodative mechanism. It cannot be confused with the term “secondary myopia”, which includes transient myopic shifts caused by lenticular refractive index changes and myopia associated with systemic syndromes. The aim was to synthesize the literature on qualitative evidence about pseudomyopia in terms that clarify its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and the Scopus database was carried out for articles published up to November 2021, without a data limit. This review was reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The terms pseudomyopia and accommodation spasm have been found in most of the studies reviewed. The review has warned that although there is agreement on the assessment and diagnosis of the condition, there is no consensus on its management, and the literature describes a range of treatment.
Nitrative bicyclization of 1,7-diynes for accessing skeletally diverse tricyclic pyrroles.

A novel metal-free nitrative bicyclization of 1,7-diynes with tBuONO in the presence of H2O is reported, producing three types of skeletally diverse tricyclic pyrroles, namely pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolines, chromeno[3,4-c]pyrroles and benzo[e]isoindoles, with moderate to good yields by simply tuning the linkers of the 1,7-diynes. This domino protocol demonstrates remarkable compatibility regarding 1,7-diynes with different linkers, such as nitrogen and oxygen atoms and a hydroxymethyl group, and tBuONO plays dual roles as a nitro precursor as well as a nitrogen atom source.
A Focus on Fabrication, Characterization, Stability, Skin Targeting, Patent, Safety and Toxicity of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier

Background: The advanced development of lipid nanocarrier contributes a lot to the domain of therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. However the parameter such as drug loading, drug release, stability, and targeting influence much more towards the limitation of many lipid nanocarriers. The Nanostructured lipid carrier, the second generation of lipid carrier has more promising advantages over others and have tremendous targeting ability to skin for drug administration. Objective: The present review paper focus to understand the different fabrication technique, impact of lipid and surfactant on formulation effectiveness, characterization of formulation, and Crystalinity concept of lipid which have an impact on stability & drug loading. Focus on a parameter such as Transepidermal water loss , skin occlusion, and hydration which determine the ability of the carrier to target the skin. Hence the effectiveness of the drug improved. This review also focused on patents based on Nanostructured lipid carriers. Method of preparation: many methods have been adopted to prepare Nanostructured lipid carriers and among all High-pressure homogenization method is considered as best one. Conclusion: Because of numerous advantages of this carrier system such as biocompatibility of lipid, high drug encapsulation, stability over others, it is considered as a major focused area for researchers. The new domain of Nanostructured lipid carrier is transdermal drug administration by targeting the skin; hence more research is focused on topical preparation. However, toxicity must have to be studied in humans. So by considering all factors one can rename it as “smart nano lipid carrier".
Lifestyle Changes and Baseball Activity among Youth Baseball Players before and during the First COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the changes in lifestyle and baseball activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among youth baseball players. Participants were 99 youth baseball players (ages 9.6 ± 1.5 years, height 137.8 ± 9.4 cm, weight 35.3 ± 12.4 kg) in Japan. They completed an online survey between April 6 and 20, 2021, on their demographic characteristics, lifestyle (recreational screen, sleep, and study times), and baseball activity (frequency of team practice time and voluntary exercise-related baseball) at two-time points: before the pandemic (before March 2020) and during the state of emergency declared in Japan (from April to May 2020). The changes in outcomes between the two-time points were evaluated for significance. Recreational screen time and sleeping time during the state of emergency were significantly increased compared to those before the pandemic (p < 0.001). The frequency of team practice time on weekends during the state of emergency was significantly reduced, and voluntary exercise-related baseball was significantly increased compared to that before the pandemic (p < 0.01). We found that the COVID-19 pandemic changed behaviors concerning activities and exercise among youth baseball players and recommended that such behavioral changes be carefully monitored.
Obtaining Reliable RT-qPCR Results in Molecular Diagnostics—MIQE Goals and Pitfalls for Transcriptional Biomarker Discovery

In this review, we discuss the development pipeline for transcriptional biomarkers in molecular diagnostics and stress the importance of a reliable gene transcript quantification strategy. Hence, a further focus is put on the MIQE guidelines and how to adapt them for biomarker discovery, from signature validation up to routine diagnostic applications. First, the advantages and pitfalls of the holistic RNA sequencing for biomarker development will be described to establish a candidate biomarker signature. Sequentially, the RT-qPCR confirmation process will be discussed to validate the discovered biomarker signature. Examples for the successful application of RT-qPCR as a fast and reproducible quantification method in routinemolecular diagnostics are provided. Based on the MIQE guidelines, the importance of “key steps” in RT-qPCR is accurately described, e.g., reverse transcription, proper reference gene selection and, finally, the application of automated RT-qPCR data analysis software. In conclusion, RT-qPCR proves to be a valuable tool in the establishment of a disease-specific transcriptional biomarker signature and will have a great future in molecular diagnostics or personalized medicine.
Relative transcript level of BMP15, BAX and CASP3 with qRT-PCR in vitrified equine immature cumulus-oocytes complexes

Research focused on female gamete vitrification has increased attention to develop a reliable cryopreservation method to preserve immature equine oocytes. Despite the intensive implementation of biotechnological procedures for horse breeding, vitrification of immature equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) remain to be clearly elucidated. We aimed to determine the relative transcript level of target genes Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15); Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX); and Caspase 3 (CASP3) in equine COCs prior to and after vitrification. Ovarian follicles were aspirated from ovaries collected from an abattoir. A total of 240 COCs were collected and distributed into vitrified COCs (VIT, n=120) and non-vitrified (Non-VIT, n=120) groups. Then, COCs were preserved and relative transcript expressions of BMP15, BAX, CASP3 were measured and normalized against GAPDH performed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 38 COCs were evaluated to assess chromatin configuration of germinal vesicl e stage prior and after vitrification by exposure to 10 μg/ml of bisbenzimide. A difference was observed in the COCs’ mRNA level of abundance for the BAX gene between the VIT (2.05 ± 0.47) and (0.85 ± 0.08) Non-VIT groups. There was no difference in mRNA relative transcript level of CASP3 and BMP15 in Non-VIT (0.63 ± 0.20 and 1.55 ± 0.73, respectively) compared to VIT (0.64 ± 0.01 and 2.84 ± 2.20, respectively) equine COCs. All COCs where considered at immature stage of development even though COCs in Non-VIT group showed higher condensed chromatin configuration compared to VIT (100% vs 60.7%, respectively). We demonstrate that BMP15 and CASP3 are detected in VIT and Non-VIT immature COCs. In conclusion, BAX is expressed highly in vitrified immature equine COCs and indicates that activation of apoptosis signaling cascades in cells exposed to vitrification.
PSTO: Learning Energy-Efficient Locomotion for Quadruped Robots

Energy efficiency is critical for the locomotion of quadruped robots. However, energy efficiency values found in simulations do not transfer adequately to the real world. To address this issue, we present a novel method, named Policy Search Transfer Optimization (PSTO), which combines deep reinforcement learning and optimization to create energy-efficient locomotion for quadruped robots in the real world. The deep reinforcement learning and policy search process are performed by the TD3 algorithm and the policy is transferred to the open-loop control trajectory further optimized by numerical methods, and conducted on the robot in the real world. In order to ensure the high uniformity of the simulation results and the behavior of the hardware platform, we introduce and validate the accurate model in simulation including consistent size and fine-tuning parameters. We then validate those results with real-world experiments on the quadruped robot Ant by executing dynamic walking gaits with different leg lengths and numbers of amplifications. We analyze the results and show that our methods can outperform the control method provided by the state-of-the-art policy search algorithm TD3 and sinusoid function on both energy efficiency and speed.
Unwinding Tension Control System with Braking Energy Feedback Unit

Current unwinding tension control systems generally use magnetic powder brake,which has poor dynamic performance and is belonged to energy-consuming type of brake.In order to reduce the energy-consumption of these devices and further improve the control capability to meet the requirements of high-speed production,a unwinding tension control system which runs in torque-controlling method and use DC servo motor as its′ executant was proposed.The system is able to feedback the brake energy to power grids.System′s principle,design method and tension control for wide range variation of web radius were introduced.Realizing technologies were simply introduced.The system has good application prospects.
A Decade of Value Engineering in Construction Projects

Over the past half-century, value engineering (VE) has emerged as an effective tool to manage time, costs, and quality with an aim to maximize value. It has been shown to be a highly effective approach for evaluating current construction projects. However, this tool’s application in the construction domain is quite variable. This research aims to provide an in-depth quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the application of VE in construction projects. It is found that new research over the past decade has continuously improved the efficiency and productiveness of VE practices. Current work focuses on integrating VE with other disciplines, applying VE in diverse project domains, assessing VE performance, and developing new VE technologies. This broad review highlights some of the key areas of interest that required future investigation to ensure the continued delivery of value in the ever-changing and evolving construction industry.
Analysis of Role of Cloud Computing in Providing Internet Banking Services: Case Study Bank Melli Iran

In this paper, the cloud-computing model proposed by Davis has been used to explain the main parameters of cloud computing by the use of information systems. This paper investigates influential factors in decision to use cloud computing among employees of the national bank information technology organization based on the cloud-computing model. To analyze and investigate the use of cloud computing in national bank services, the designed questionnaire was distributed among 230 experts and acquainted with the information technology industry in the national bank information technology organization; which resulted in the questionnaire’s Cronbach's alpha 0.84. After conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with regard to analytical coefficients, utility factors were proved to have the most critical influence on the decision of using cloud computing in the electronic banking system. The findings of this research can be considered as guidelines used by national bank managers to employ cloud computing technology. doi
Supporting Information Absolute determination of the chemical kinetic rate constant by optically tracking the reaction on the second time scale using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy

1 Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l’Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59140 Dunkerque, France 2 IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Center for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France 3 Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences,
Hidden Curriculum in Medical Residency Programs: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Hidden curriculum is important in medical education and has numerous, long-lasting effects on medical residency. The present scoping review seeks to investigate, identify, and plot the main concepts relating to hidden curriculum and its dimensions, domains, impacts and factors in medical residency courses based on the main references and evidence. Methods: Scoping review methodology was used to guide a search of electronic databases for relevant papers. Of the 394 abstracts initially identified, after screening of both abstracts and full-text papers, 43 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. Following abstraction of key information from each study, a content analysis was undertaken. Results: Eleven themes were identified from the content analysis: 1) Organizational Issues (13.77%), 2) Socio-cultural Issues (10.5%), 3) Professional Issues (13.41%), 4) Communicational Factors (8.7%), 5) Educational Issues (22.83%), 6) Resident Personal Characteristics (21.01%), and 7) Resident Educational Characteristics (9.78%). Among the extracted effective hidden curriculum factors, the role modeling had the highest frequency and was emphasized in the studies. Conclusions: Although this study explained and identified the components, elements and also the preparation of the initial format of the hidden curriculum framework of the medical residency program, its results can reduce the negative effects of the hidden curriculum on it. More extensive and in-depth studies with different qualitative methods or mixed methods related to the hidden curriculum in different contexts and disciplines of medical residency are recommended to define characteristics of a constructive hidden curriculum of medical residency programs.
Statistical models for forecasting pigeonpea yield in Varanasi region

Present study deals with different linear and non-linear statistical models like multiple linear regression (MLR) model, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and artificial neural network (ANN) for forecastingpigeon pea yield grown in Varanasi region of Uttar Pradesh using 27 years of data (1985-86 to 2011-12). The performance of the model was assessed by root mean squared error (RMSE). On the basis of empirical studies, ANN was found to be best suitable model having lowest RMSE with forecasted yield during the year 2012-13 for Varanasi region.
Detecting hydrological connectivity using causal inference from time series: synthetic and real karstic case studies

Abstract. We investigate the potential of causal inference methods (CIMs) to reveal hydrological connections from time series. Four CIMs are selected from two criteria, linear or nonlinear and bivariate or multivariate. A priori, multivariate, and nonlinear CIMs are best suited for revealing hydrological connections because they fit nonlinear processes and deal with confounding factors such as rainfall, evapotranspiration, or seasonality. The four methods are applied to a synthetic case and a real karstic case study. The synthetic experiment confirms our expectation: unlike the other methods, the multivariate nonlinear framework has a low false-positive rate and allows for ruling out a connection between two disconnected reservoirs forced with similar effective precipitation. However, for the real case study, the multivariate nonlinear method was unstable because of the uneven distribution of missing values affecting the final sample size for the multivariate analyses, forcing us to cope with the results' robustness. Nevertheless, if we recommend a nonlinear multivariate framework to reveal actual hydrological connections, all CIMs bring valuable insights into the system's dynamics, making them a cost-effective and recommendable comparative tool for exploring data. Still, causal inference remains attached to subjective choices, operational constraints, and hypotheses challenging to test. As a result, the robustness of the conclusions that the CIMs can draw always deserves caution, especially with real, imperfect, and limited data. Therefore, alongside research perspectives, we encourage a flexible, informed, and limit-aware use of CIMs without omitting any other approach that aims at the causal understanding of a system.
The Impact of Viral Posts on Visibility and Behavior of Professionals: A Longitudinal Study of Scientists on Twitter

On social media, due to complex interactions between users' attention and recommendation algorithms, the visibility of users' posts can be unpredictable and vary wildly, sometimes creating unexpected viral events for `ordinary’ users. How do such events affect users' subsequent behaviors and long-term visibility on the platform? We investigate these questions following a matching-based framework using a dataset comprised of tweeting activities and follower graph changes of 17,157 scientists on Twitter. We identified scientists who experienced `unusual' virality for the first time in their profile lifespan (`viral' group) and quantified how viral events influence tweeting behaviors and popularity (as measured through follower statistics). After virality, the viral group increased tweeting frequency, their tweets became more objective and focused on fewer topics, and expressed more positive sentiment relative to their pre-virality tweets. Also, their post-virality tweets were more aligned with their professional expertise and similar to the viral tweet compared to past tweets. Finally, the viral group gained more followers in both the short and long terms compared to a control group.
TOGA: A Neural Method for Test Oracle Generation

Testing is widely recognized as an important stage of the software development lifecycle. Effective software testing can provide benefits such as bug finding, preventing regressions, and documentation. In terms of documentation, unit tests express a unit's intended functionality, as conceived by the developer. A test oracle, typically expressed as an condition, documents the intended behavior of a unit under a given test prefix. Synthesizing a functional test oracle is a challenging problem, as it must capture the intended functionality rather than the implemented functionality. In this paper, we propose TOGA (a neural method for Test Oracle GenerAtion), a unified transformer-based neural approach to infer both exceptional and assertion test oracles based on the context of the focal method. Our approach can handle units with ambiguous or missing documentation, and even units with a missing implementation. We evaluate our approach on both oracle inference accuracy and functional bug-finding. Our technique improves accuracy by 33% over existing oracle inference approaches, achieving 96% over-all accuracy on a held out test dataset. Furthermore, we show that when integrated with a automated test generation tool (EvoSuite), our approach finds 57 real world bugs in large-scale Java programs, including 30 bugs that are not found by any other automated testing method in our evaluation.
Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) and their Role in Sustainable Grassroots Innovations: An Illustration in Indian Context

ISBN 978-93-82338-21-5 | © 2012 Bonfring Abstract--Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) has immense potential for innovation, especially at the grassroots level. India is a country populated by a number of indigenous communities, most of which have their own set of unique traditional knowledge and technology base. Many of these knowledge and technologies are at par with the modern knowledge and technology system and have been provided the indigenous communities with comfort and self-sufficiency. These traditional knowledge and technologies have played a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of the communities. A study on some of the aboriginal knowledge and technologies, with special reference to the concept of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK), prevalent among a number of indigenous communities was carried out and the significance of the same in innovation has been evaluated. The study was conducted within the framework of “sectoral system of innovation”. A wide range of diverse sectors including agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and textile were considered for the purpose of the study as all these sectors are imperative in Indian context. During the course of the study, it has been observed that there is an instant need to document and preserve the Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of different communities, many of which are at the brink of extinction. There is a lack of proper alliance between the practice of indigenous and modern knowledge. There are serious issues related to intellectual property rights. An appropriate association between the traditional and modern knowledge and technology systems has immense potential to benefit the society.
# 1 Referee comment on " Detecting hydrological connectivity using causal inference from time-series : synthetic and real karstic case studies

This paper by Delforge et al. titled “Detecting hydrological connectivity using causal inference from time-series: synthetic and real karstic study cases” uses four causal inference methods to obtain insights on hydrologic connectivity in a karstic site. The authors also use a synthetic case study to obtain a preliminary understanding on the performance of the methods prior to applying them to the real-world case study.
Letter to the Editor: Sensory Integration and Autistic Spectrum Disorder

* Corresponding Author: Greg Kelly, PhD. Address: PhD in Life and Health Sciences, Retired Reader in Teaching and Learning and Course Director for MSc in Sensory Integration. Tel: +44 (780) 1842333 E-mail: gpkelly@ntlworld.com Citation Kelly G. Sensory Integration and Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2022; 20(Special Issue):5-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.32598/irj.20. SpecialIssue.1575. 1