Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linkage between satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, nature of work, and three-dimensional organizational commitment

Employees’ job satisfaction is a leading factor in determining their organizational commitment. The organizational commitment level affects the employees’ decision to leave or remain in their organization. The banking sector of Nepal has been facing a problem of high employee mobility from one bank to another. In the backdrop of this context, this survey intends to examine the effect of satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work on the three dimensions of organizational commitment using the Ordinary Least Squares model in the context of private bank employees in Nepal. This study used a survey method to collect data from 199 employees working in private banks in Nepal, using a standardized questionnaire. The collected data were coded, entered, and processed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. The outcomes of the study – satisfaction with the colleagues, promotion, and the nature of the work – had a significant positive impact on the affective and normative commitment of the employees, but the regressors had an insignificant effect on continuance commitment. The employees’ satisfaction from their colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work positively improves their affective and normative commitment. Nevertheless, this study found the predictor variables as irrelevant factors for explaining the continuance commitment of the employees in the context of the study. This study’s contribution is the idea of how satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and work nature contribute to the three dimensions of organizational commitment among Nepalese private bank employees.
A PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY (PAT) APPROACH TO EVALUATE GABAPENTIN DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR EXTRUDATES

The work combines the use of fast and non-destructive analytical techniques for rapid on-line process monitoring and evaluation of the drug product quality, within the Process Analytical Technology strategy recommended by regulatory authorities, applied to laminar extrudates designed to deliver gabapentin orally. Laminar extrusion is a promising technology to deliver drugs in different polymorphic forms by different release kinetics. The work focuses on accessing the homogeneity of gabapentin’s (GABA) distribution in laminar extrudates by Raman and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATRFTIR) spectroscopies as PAT tools. In the framework of the project, the evaluation of formulation and process factors impacting on gabapentin polymorphic form was also carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). It has been observed that the addition of water during manufacturing process of extrudates was a critical formulation factor that might had promoted the conversion of crystalline gabapentin into its amorphous form. Raman imaging indicated that gabapentin was distributed homogeneously in the investigated laminar extrudates without the detection of agglomerates in the Raman map. The results of XRPD, DSC and ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that gabapentin was present as the amorphous form of the drug in the laminar extrudates.
Production optimization using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs with partial characterization of amylase from marine actinomycetes

Amylase is an industrial enzyme that is used in the food and biofuel industries. We screened four actinomycetes strains for amylase biosynthesis. The Streptomyces rochei strain had a larger hydrolytic zone (24 mm) on starch agar plates, than the other isolates. Plackett-Burman’s experimental design was implemented to optimize the conditions for amylase production by the selected strains. Growth under optimized culture conditions led to 1.7, 9.8, 7.7, and 3.12 -fold increases for the isolates S. griseorubens, S. rochei, S. parvus, and Streptomyces sp. , respectively, in the specific activity measurement in comparison with growth under primary conditions. When applying the Box-Behnken design on S. rochei using the most significant parameters starch, K2HPO4, pH, and temperature, there was a 12.22-fold increase in the specific activity measurement: 7.37 U/mg. The optimal fermentation medium formula was kept at 30.6°C for seven days. The amylase from S. rochei was partially purified, and its molecular weight was determined using Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was found to be 45, 43, and 53 kDa. Amylase was particularly active at pH 6 and 65°C. The purified enzyme was most active at 65°C and a pH of 6, thermal stability of 70°C for 40 min and salt concentration of 1 M with a Km and Vmax of 6.58 mg/ml and 21.93 mg/ml/min, respectively. The amylase improved by adding Cu + 2, Zn + 2, and Fe + 2 (152.21%, 207.24%, and 111.89%). Increased production of amylase enzyme by Streptomyces rochei KR108310 attracts the production of industrially significant products.
The Role of Turbulence on the Entrainment of a Single Sphere and the Effects of Roughness on Fluid-Solid Interaction

ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures viii List of Tables xii Nomenclature xiii I: Introduction 1 I·1 Fluid-Solid Interaction and Incipient Sediment Motion 1 I·2 Applications of Fluid-Solid Interaction 2 I·3 Existing Incipient Motion Studies 4 I·4 Objective 7 I·5 Outline of Later Chapters 8 II: Background 9 II·
Parental Health Risk Perceptions and Preventive Measures on Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS) of Tobacco Cigarette in Malaysia: A Nationwide Study

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can affect physical development in children. An understanding of parental risk perception of SHS aid in developing protectives measures to prevent children from SHS exposure. This study aimed to assess parental risk perceptions of SHS and action taken by parents in minimising their children from exposing to SHS.Methods: This cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in 2018 conveniently recruited 289 parents with children up to age 12 at the public areas. Parents were asked to rate the risk level from 1 (no risk) to 5 (extremely high risk) by looking at the photographs of an adult smoked in the presence of a child in 8 different situations. The implementation of smoking restriction rules was assessed. Mean score was calculated with higher scores represent higher risk of SHS to child’s health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the level of parental risk perception of SHS exposure to the children’s health.Results: A total of 246 parents responded. Their mean age was 35 years old (SD 6.4), majority were mothers (75.6%), Malays (72.0%), had tertiary education level (82.5%), and had a youngest child with mean age of 3 years (SD 3.1). The risk perception level was high [mean scores: 4.11 (SD: 0.82)]. Most parents implemented household (65.0%) and car (68.3%) smoking restriction rules. Negative risk perception level was observed among participants who were fathers with lower occupation class (p=0.005), lived with a smoker (p=0.023), allowed household smoking with open window (p=0.001), being a father and lived with a smoker (p=0.020), and mothers with managerial position while the fathers had a lower occupation class (p=0.038). Conclusion: Most parents perceived that risks of SHS exposure to their children was high but only two-thirds of them had set smoking prohibiting rules. Health policymaker should pay attention to tactors associated with negative risk perceptions among parents.Trial registration: This study is approved by Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (Registration Number: NMRR-18-3299-44967).
Delineation of coronary stents in intravascular ultrasound pullbacks

Ischemic heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for implanting coronary stents are preferred for patients with acute myocardial infarction but may also be performed in patients with chronic coronary syndromes to improve symptoms and outcome. During the PCI, the assessment of stent apposition, evaluation of in-stent restenosis or guidance for complex stenting of bifurcation lesions may be improved by intravascular imaging such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). However, advanced interpretation of the image often requires expertise and training. To approach this issue, we introduce an automatic delineation of stent struts within the IVUS pullback. We propose a cascaded segmentation based on data-driven learning with a neural encoder-decoder architecture. The learning process uses 80 IVUS sequences from 28 patients which were acquired and partially annotated by the Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany. The annotations include 1108, 555 and 355 frames with delineated lumen, stent and calcium as well as 13696 and 10689 frame-wise stent and no-stent indications. The network was pre-trained on lumen segmentation and refined to first identify stent frames using an encoder network and subsequently segment the struts with a decoder. Quantitative evaluation using 3-fold cross-validation revealed 88.3% precision, 92.4% recall and 0.824 Dice for the encoder and 67.0%, 60.3% and 0.611 for the decoder. We conclude that the encoder successfully leverages the larger number of high-level annotations to reject non-stent frames avoiding unnecessary false positives for the decoder trained on much less, but fine-granular annotations.
Central Pyrenees Mountain Building: Constraints From New LT Thermochronological Data From the Axial Zone

Early phases of mountain building are usually poorly constrained although they may provide insights into both the wedge rheology and the role of inheritance. In the central Pyrenean Axial Zone, a main exhumation peak at 35–30 Ma is particularly well constrained but the previous exhumation stages are much less constrained. In this study, we present new low‐temperature thermochronological zircon fission‐track and (U‐Th)/He data and structural observations to constrain the thermal history of the Axial Zone and its shortening sequence during the whole Alpine collision. The dataset collected along the ECORS profile suggests two main collisional cooling phases. An early stage of Alpine shortening (from 70 to 40 Ma) is characterized by low rates of cooling/exhumation in the whole Axial Zone around 5–10°C/Myr and 200 ± 50 m/Myr. During this phase, deformation was distributed within the whole Axial Zone. This result questions the occurrence of a quiescence phase in the Axial Zone. Between 40 and 20 Ma, a more localized second phase with cooling rates around 30°C/Myr and high exhumation rates >800 m/Myr is only recorded in the Maladeta massif. During this second phase, much lower denudation rates are recorded further north and south, thus suggesting rather symmetrical exhumation in the Axial Zone, controlled by underplating of the youngest crustal ramp, the Rialp thrust. This sequence of shortening, from distributed to localized deformation, appears to be characteristic in other collisional wedges as well.
The Journey to Gender-Responsive Budgeting: Lessons Learned from Higher Education

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Agenda includes gender equality as one of its 17 goals and emphasizes the importance of supporting women’s empowerment to meet the SDGs. Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) can help achieve gender equality in organizations, but there continue to be limitations on exploiting its full potential. Further research is needed, especially in the public sector and at higher education institutions. This paper investigates the development of the GRB process and the related reporting practices, as well as the potential to fully integrate it into the university’s strategic policies at the University of Ferrara. The paper is based on a qualitative content analysis of annual GRB reports from 2011 to 2018. The results show that, during this period, GRB at the university changed from playing an accountability role to having a performance measurement role. Although GRB has become more relevant inside the organization, the extent of the integration with the university strategy and the budgeting cycle remains limited, which hampers the strategic relevance of GRB.
Co-Operative Learning and Resilience to COVID-19 in a Small-Sized South African Enterprise

Constraints imposed by the shrinking resources and the climate change dynamics necessitate a behavioral change to increase knowledge exchange and optimize resource utilization. Existing entrepreneurship and innovation practices are therefore undergoing transformation to adapt production systems to the post-COVID-19 reality of increased risks of calamities within a context of shrinking resources. This paper uses a knowledge-centered crisis management framework to examine how enhanced knowledge sharing through co-operative learning can be applied to induce higher innovation performance and more efficient resource utilization structures during crises comparable to the current pandemic. Using the collaborative learning experiences of a small enterprise producing ecological fertilizers, this study was able to link crisis resilience enhancement to increased knowledge exchange between business entities connected through the agro-ecological value chain. New insights generated through the co-learning process were found to constitute a key input for strengthening the required capability endowments that enable the organization and its partners to weather the COVID-19 crisis and lay the foundation for the sustainability of post-COVID-19 operations.
The Moderating Effects of Traditionality on the Negative Effects of Abusive Supervision

The paper aims to examine whether traditionality alleviated or aggravated the negative effects of abusive supervision on employees. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we advanced that the directions of the moderation of traditionality depended on whether the outcomes were relevant to job performance or well-being of employees. We use questionnaire survey to obtain research data from 258 employees. To reduce the common method variance, the data collection process was carried out in two waves. We found that traditionality alleviated the negative relationship between abusive supervision and proficiency performance which was an intra-subordinate role behavior, meanwhile traditionality aggravated the positive relationship between abusive supervision and psychological withdrawal which reflected the well-being of employees and meanwhile was dysfunctional to their work groups. These findings made a contribution that traditionality either alleviated or aggravated the negative effects of abusive supervision on employees. It provides new insights that abusive supervision has different negative effects depending on traditionality.
Targeting Using Differential Incentives: Evidence from a Field Experiment

In a field experiment in Nepal, we varied the amount of financial incentives provided to health outreach workers by the ethnicity of the client they recruited for a free sugar level assessment. We find that our differential incentive in the ratio of 2.5∶1, geared toward encouraging a disadvantaged referral, raises the chances of such a referral by 11.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval, 1.1–22.1). This effect translates to an incentive elasticity of referral of 0.2. There is no evidence that the outreach workers refer less sick individuals to benefit from higher financial incentives; nor do they target fewer overall referrals.
Attention-based video object segmentation algorithm

To improve the segmentation performance on videos with large object motion or deformation, a novel scheme is proposed which has two branches. In one branch, the attention mechanism is ﬁrst utilized to highlight objects-related features. Then, to well consider the temporal coherence of videos, Conv3D is integrated to capture short-term temporal features, and the designed attention residual convolutional long–short-term memory is adopted to capture the long–short-term temporal information of objects under the interference of redundant video frames. Meanwhile, considering the negative effect of background motion, in another branch, the optical ﬂow-based prediction model is introduced to predict objects regions in subsequent video frames with the annotated initial frame. At last, based on the fused results of two branches, the global thresholds and noising area clean method are employed to obtain segmented objects. The experiments on DAVIS2016 and CDnet2014 exhibit the competitive performance of the proposed scheme.
Biocathodic Methanogenic Community in an Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Microbial Electrolysis System for Enhancement of Methane Production from Waste Sludge

Understanding the microbial community structure relative to enhancement of methane production from digestion of waste-activated sludge (WAS) coupled with a bioelectrochemical system is a key scientific question for the potential application of bioelectrochemistry in biogas production. Little has been known about the influence of electrode on the structure and function of microbial communities, especially methanogens in a bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion (AD) reactor. Here, a hybrid reactor, which coupled bioelectrolysis and AD, was developed to enhance methane recovery from WAS. The methane production rate reached up to 0.0564 m3 methane/(m3 reactor*d) in the hybrid reactor at room temperature, which was nearly double than that of the control anaerobic reactor (0.0259 m3 methane/(m3reactor*d)) without bioelectrochemical device. Microbial community analysis revealed that hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanobacterium dominated the cathode biofilm, which was the predominant contributor to accelerate the.
Changing dynamics and travel evading: a case of Indian tourists amidst the COVID 19 pandemic

Purpose This study aims to analyse the factors that caused Indian tourists to avoid travelling abroad because of the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. It will also identify the relationship between the perceived risk of travelling and the probability of travel evading in India owing to COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach This study used an online structured questionnaire to collect data from Indian tourists to study six independent variables linked with their behavioural intentions (travel evading). The health belief model was used to examine tourist behaviour. Findings The results revealed a positive correlation between the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 and travel avoidance. Familiarity with COVID-19 was positively correlated with travel evading behaviours. Practical implications This study will assist stakeholders from around the world to adequately identify and thoroughly plan for logistical problems associated with travel such as travel insurance and pre-travel booking expenses to reduce travel evading behaviour and promote travel. Originality/value While a few studies have been conducted related to pandemics (Ebola, MERS-CoV, SARS), there is a paucity of literature that examines the factors which influence tourists’ travel evading behaviour owing to COVID-19. Moreover, most of the previous literature on pandemics is concentrated on American and European countries, whereas studies on the Indian sub-continent are very scarce. This study will fill this gap and will identify the factors which influence tourists in India to evade travel in response to COVID-19.
Effect of Different Chickpea Genotypes and Its Biochemical Constituents on Biological Attributes of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop grown all over the world. Chickpea is infested by an average of about 60 insect-pests, of which gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is known to be the key pest. The migratory nature, polyphagous, short life cycle, multivoltine and resistance to insecticides makes H. armigera very difficult to control. In order to develop the resistance chickpea genotypes against H. armigera it is very important to understand the interrelation between the chickpea biochemical constituents and their effect on insect growth and development.Methods: The biological performance of H. armigera on different chickpea genotypes was studied using detached leaf method and the test genotypes were also evaluated for field level resistance to H. armigera under natural conditions. Different biochemical constituents viz., reducing sugar, protein, total phenol and tannins content in chickpea genotypes were estimated at 30 days after sowing. The relationship between biological attributes of H. armigera reared on different chickpea genotypes and biochemical constituents of chickpea genotypes was computed using simple correlation co-efficient.Result: Among the test genotypes, the lowest larval weight, prolonged larval duration and pupal duration were observed in GL-13042. The lowest pupal weight and percent of adult emergence was observed in NBeG-786 while the lowest fecundity was observed in GL-13001. The percent pod damage, pest susceptibility/ resistance per cent and PRSR on different chickpea genotypes in the field condition varied from 25.9 to 47.84%, 12.91 to 45.86 and from 4 to 5. In the biochemical constituents, the highest total phenol and tannin content were observed in NBeG-786 whereas the lowest protein and reducing sugar content were observed in GL-13042. Relationship between biological attributes of H. armigera and biochemical constituents in different chickpea genotypes revealed that reducing sugars, protein, total phenols and tannins content showed negative association with biological attributes of H. armigera reared on chickpea genotypes.
Particle-based temperature measurement coupled with velocity measurement

This review article focuses on the simultaneous particle-based measurement of velocity and temperature. The thermographic PIV with phosphor particles is included in the scope. However, there are many other dye-doped particles that can be used in these methods, some of which are more suitable for measurements of liquid flow and low temperature flow. This review summarized the methods for fabrication, applications, optical properties, and limitations of temperature sensitive particles, and the extensive coverage of the field provided by this review renders it useful as a base for further experimentation. Dopant sensor molecules are also summarized in this review make it possible to fabricate functional particles that are suitable for the aims of an individual researcher. These particles are excited by a UV-laser and several kinds of them can be excited using a common green laser. Several approaches to velocity and temperature measurements, mono-color intensity-based method, the ratiometric method and the lifetime method are explained. The combined methods are limited by velocity conditions; therefore, decoupling the temperature measurement from the velocity measurement is sometimes reasonable. However, combined measurements were also considered in this review. There are many possible sources of error when using these methods; however, the most important factor is the following capacity of the particles, especially in gaseous flow. The deformation of particle images because of the long exposure inherent in the lifetime-based method was discussed quantitatively. Applications of liquid/gas/multiphase flow measurements were introduced. Micro capsules or microbeads are often used for a liquid flow and a microchannel flow. Many previous works use a phosphor for a high temperature gas flow. Uncertainties are different on a case-by-case basis. Accurate calibration is very important in suppressing errors. The development of easy calibration methods or calibration free methods while retaining high accuracy is an important issue in future work.