Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of GPRS/WLAN Systems Integration

The convergence of future networks relies on the evolution of technology that enables seamless roaming abilities across non-heterogenous networks for mobile clients. This thesis presents an experimental study of a GPRS-WLAN integration scenario where the objective is to analyze various aspects of the issues related to charging, mobility, roaming and security between GPRS and WLAN networks. The mainly discussed integration scenario in this thesis is loosely coupled systems working on RADIUS platforms, which together with MobileIP and IPSec provides the mobile client with a secure and access-technology independent network access platform. In order to accommodate GPRS client authentication for WLAN operators, there is a prominent need for the incorporation of necessary GPRS functionality into present AAA servers. RADIUS has been studied as the initial target for the implementation of a GPRS interface towards SMS-Cs and HLRs.The authentication of a mobile client is performed against a HLR/AuC in a GPRS network, either over SS7 links or through the incorporation of SIGTRAN protocols over SCTP. SIGTRANsolutions has the ability to join WLAN networks in a SS7 resource sharing model where the SS7 authentication signalling traffic is transported over IP networks to a Signalling Gateway acting as the logical interface against SS7 networks. GPRS-WLAN accounting may be solved through direct roaming agreements between mobile operators and in such a case transport CDR’s over FTP between their billing systems. If roaming agreements does not exist, it may be viable to establish relationships between WLANs and brokers as well as mobile operators and brokers. The brokering model provides a scalable model that allows easier exchange of charging and billing information on an infrastructure based on WLAN and GPRS billing systems. Standardised transmission protocols for accounting information such as GTP’/TAP3 may be utilised in order to provide a generic billing exchange format between billing systems and operators. Furthermore, different network architectures may have different requirements in order to accommodate GPRS clients with WLAN access. A few network architectures has been analysed, and the developed GPRS AAA Interface Daemon (GAID) has been put into context in order to present a generic GPRS-WLAN systems integration solution for WLAN operators. The analysed solutions in this thesis give various possibilities for WLAN operators to setup wireless services for bypassing mobile clients. The implementational work provides a RADIUS platform, which can be enhanced with functionality that enables communication over any interface in the future.
Efficient Crawling of Community Structures in Online Social Networks

Online social networks showed an enormous growth in the last decade. With the rise of online social networks such as Twitter and Facebook, researchers got the opportunity to access the data of social behavior of millions of people, whereas in the past it was limited to hundreds of people. For these researchers and marketeers it is of great interest to find communities within these large networks, as this is one of the opportunities to see how people behave in groups on a large scale. The most common approach of analyzing community structures in online social networks is to gather the network by downloading the user profiles one by one (crawling) and afterwards partition the network into groups or communities by community detection algorithms. However, crawling an entire social network is very time consuming and analyzing the networks with community detection algorithms can be computationally expensive. To overcome these problems, in this thesis a method is proposed for crawling nodes using the community structure of a network. It enables the researcher to start the analysis before completing the crawl. This new method performs between 66% and 480% better than existing crawling techniques such as Breadth First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS), because a smaller portion of the networks has to be crawled in order to crawl entire communities. The computer-generated networks used in this thesis were created using a new network generator which uniquely combines three features; it creates networks with explicit community structure, arbitrary degree distributions and adaptable community strength.
Intelligent Fluorescence Image Analysis of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles and Protein Liquid Phase Droplets by Whole Z-stack Analysis

Fluorescence image analysis in biochemical science often involves the complex tasks of identifying samples for analysis and calculating the desired information from the intensity traces. Analyzing giant unilamellar vesicles is one of these tasks. Researchers need to identify many vesicles to statistically analyze the degree of molecular interaction or state of molecular organization on the membranes. This analysis is complicated, requiring a careful manual examination by researchers, so automating the analysis can significantly aid in improving its efficiency and reliability. We developed an intelligent analysis routine based on the 3D information of whole z-stack images. The program identifies the valid vesicles to analyze and calculates the desired data automatically. The program can examine the amount of protein binding on the membranes and determine the state of domain phase separation by calculating the fluorescence intensity trace along the membranes. We also show that the method can easily be applied to similar analyses, such as intensity analysis of phase-separated protein droplets. A deep learning-based classification approach enables the identification of vesicles even from relatively complex samples. We demonstrate that the proposed artificial intelligence-assisted classification can further enhance the accuracy of the analysis close to the performance of manual examination.
Systematic development of a limited authority flight control system for helicopters

Over the last three decades, there has been increased interest in full authority (FA) control systems for helicopters. Despite their great potential, it will be some time before all operational helicopters are able to benefit from such flight control systems. Therefore, interim methods to deliver similar levels of performance are required, and it is natural to explore ways of improving current limited authority (LA) systems to achieve this. The study described herein investigates this topic and contributes a new LA design method. The first part of the thesis describes the construction of the baseline FA controller for the AgustaWestland EH101 helicopter. The FA controller was designed using the 2DOFH∞ loop shaping methodology. Details of the controller design are presented, together with an analysis of linear and nonlinear simulation results. These reveal the controller’s abilities to provide good levels of performance, across the portion of the flight envelope tested, without the aid of gain scheduling. The second half describes the derivation of state-space formulae that enables the transformation of the above (FA) controller into LA form such that the latter controller replicates the small-signal FA responses. Extensive analysis and simulations are carried out for this architecture, both at the design point and at other conditions throughout the flight envelope. Also, the results are contrasted against a simpler LA architecture and the effectiveness of the proposed LA controller over this is shown. Both FA and LA results are complemented by an evaluation of handling qualities information against the design standard ADS-33. It is believed that the results presented in the thesis show the strengths of the proposed LA architecture and suggest that current helicopter hardware should be able to provide much of the functionality of FA systems without requiring a complete overhaul.
’Ali

This paper aims to analyze Ali Sya’riati's thoughts on contemporary Islamic governance. This paper is a library research using a historical approach. The data in this study consisted of two data sources, namely the primary source originating from the work of Ali Shari'ati which was analyzed using content analysis techniques. In addition to primary data, there are also secondary data obtained from other works related to the research theme. This paper concludes that the basis of Islamic governance itself is justice and Imamat. Justice meant by Ali Shari'ati is justice without class that distinguishes one from another. The concept of Imamat is part of leadership in Islamic governance according to Ali Shari'ati. Imamat itself is not obtained through election but through proving one's abilities. According to him, the position of an imam also plays a dual role, apart from being a religious leader as well as a political leader
Metal-oxide-based electronic devices

Metal oxides exhibit a wide range of chemical and electronic properties, making them an extremely interesting subject for numerous applications in modern electronics. The primary goal of this research is to develop metal-oxide-based electronic devices, including thin-film transistors (TFTs), resistance random-access memory (RRAM) and planar nano-devices. This research requires different processing techniques, novel device design concepts and optimisation of materials and devices. The first experiments were carried out to optimise the properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductors, in particular the carrier concentration, which determines the threshold voltage of the TFTs. Thermal annealing is one common method to affect carrier concentration and most work in the literature reports performing this process in a single-gas environment. In this work, however, annealing was carried out in a combination of air and nitrogen, and it was found that the threshold voltage could be tuned over a wide range of pre-determined values.Further experiments were undertaken to enhance the carrier mobility of ZnO TFTs, which is the most important material quality parameter. By optimising deposition conditions and incorporating a high-k gate dielectric layer, the devices showed saturation mobility values over 50 cm2/Vs at a low operating voltage of 4 V. This is, to our knowledge, one of the highest field-effect mobility values achieved in ZnO-based TFTs by room temperature sputtering. As an important type of metal-oxide-based novel memory devices, which have been studied intensively in the last few years, RRAM devices were also explored. New materials, such as tin oxide (SnOx), were tested, exhibiting bipolar-switching operations and a relatively large resistance ratio. As a novel process variation, anodisation was performed, which yielded less impressive results than SnOx, but with a potential for ultra-low-cost manufacturing. Finally, novel planar nano-devices were explored, which have much simpler structures than conventional multi-layered transistors and diodes. Three types of ZnO-based nano-devices (a side-gated transistor, a self-switching diode and a planar inverter) were fabricated using both e-beam lithography and chemical wet etching. After optimisation of the challenging wet etching procedure at nanometre scale, ZnO nano-devices with good reproducibility and reliability have been demonstrated.
Research on an Intelligent Decision Support System for a Conceptual Innovation Design of Pumping Units Based on TRIZ

注意被专注于怎么在抽联合起来的概念的设计的过程期间执行创新设计，并且怎么提高设计效率并且启发创造性。 瞄准概念的设计的缺乏，介绍进为生产创新想法的机械产品设计的有创造力的解决问题(TRIZ ) 的理论，并且使用先进电脑辅助的技术，聪明的决定支持系统(IDSS ) 基于 TRIZ (TRIZ-IDSS ) 被构造了。 解决问题分系统的构造方法，系统结构，概念的生产，决策和评估被讨论。 抽单位的创新概念的设计显示系统能帮助工程师开创想的一个新空格，克服想的惯性，并且提出创新设计概念。 这个系统能也为机械产品的创新设计提供科学指令。
Relationship between KCNQ1 gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in the population of northwestern China and a meta-Analysis

Aims The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily Q Member 1 (KCNQ1) gene polymorphisms and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its clinical indicators in the population of northwestern China, and conducted a meta-analysis on two polymorphic loci that have been studied frequently and controversial. Methods A case control study was conducted, involving 508 patients and 503 healthy individuals in the population of northwest China, and evaluated the associations using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, T test, and genetic model analyses. Results We discovered that rs2237895 rs2283228, rs163184, and rs163177 were associated with susceptibility to T2DM. Rs231362 rs231356, rs8181588 were related to the risk of T2DM after stratification. The results of meta-analysis also confirmed that rs2237895 and rs2283228 were strongly correlated with T2DM risk, especially in the East Asian population. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the correlation between KCNQ1 gene polymorphisms and T2DM in the population of northwestern China.
Flaws of universal salt iodization programmes in nutrition transition contexts: is there a risk of a double burden of inadequate iodine intake and excess adiposity? A case study in Tunisia

Background In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, universal salt iodization (USI) programs defaults were sometimes shown to increase the risk of iodine excess. Also, the nutrition transition which underlies the obesity epidemic in the MENA region is characterized by salt-rich diets, so that there could be a cumulative effect with respect to iodine status. We assess the within-subject co-existence of overweight and inadequate iodine intake, and associated factors.Methods A national cross-sectional study used a stratified, clustered random sample and conducted among Tunisian school-age children aged from 6 to 12 y. (n = 1560). Overweight (Ow) was body mass index (BMI)-for-age ≥ + 1z. Iodine deficiency was UIC (Urinary Iodine Content) < 100 µg/L and iodine intake above requirements (IAR) UIC ≥ 200 µg/L. Association of covariables with the within-subject double burden Ow–IAR was assessed by multinomial regression.Results The prevalences of Ow-ID or Obe-ID were marginal, but not so for excess adiposity and IAR as for example prevalence of Ow-IAR was 9.8% (95% CI:[7.7–12.3]). OW and IAR were found to co-occur independently (P = 0.29). Socio-economic patterning of Ow-IAR was mild. Nevertheless, prevalence were the lowest among children of mother with no formal schooling and in the South-East region. Beyond school-age children, we estimated that this double burden of overweight and excess iodine could concern a third of Tunisian adults (all the more for women). Conclusions Among Tunisian children, iodine deficiency coupled with excess adiposity was quite marginal. Coexistence of overweight and excess iodine may affect a tenth of these children. More data would be needed to document a possibly even higher rate among adults. Cumulative effects of unhealthy lifestyle due to the nutrition transition interacting with metabolic pathways may be involved in this potential overweight-high iodine intake double burden. In the MENA region, obesity and salt reduction policies should continue to be monitored.
A Technique for Processing Transient Heat Transfer, Liquid Crystal Experiments in the Presence of Lateral Conduction

New techniques for processing transient liquid crystal heat transfer experiment have been developed. The methods are able to measure detailed local heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic wall temperature in a three temperature system from a single transient test using the full intensity history recorded. Transient liquid crystal processing methods invariably assume that lateral conduction is negligible and so the heat conduction process can be considered one-dimensional into the substrate. However, in regions with high temperature variation such as immediately downstream of a film-cooling hole, it is found that lateral conduction can become significant. For this reason, a procedure which allows for conduction in three dimensions was developed by the authors. The paper is the first report of a means of correcting data from the transient heat transfer liquid crystal experiments for the effects of significant lateral conduction. The technique was applied to a film cooling system as an example and a detailed uncertainty analysis performed.
Living Together in Space: The Design and Operation of the Life Support Systems on the International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) incorporates elements designed and developed by an international consortium led by the United States (U.S.), and by Russia. For this cooperative effort to succeed, it is crucial that the designs and methods of design of the other partners are understood sufficiently to ensure compatibility. Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) is one system in which functions are performed independently on the Russian Segment (RS) and on the U.S./international segments. This document describes, in two volumes, the design and operation of the ECLS Systems (ECLSS) on board the ISS. This current volume, Volume 1, is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 is a general overview of the ISS, describing the configuration, general requirements, and distribution of systems as related to the ECLSS, and includes discussion of the design philosophies of the partners and methods of verification of equipment. Chapter 2 describes the U.S. ECLSS and technologies in greater detail. Chapter 3 describes the ECLSS in the European Attached Pressurized Module (APM), Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), and Italian Mini-Pressurized Logistics Module (MPLM). Volume II describes the Russian ECLSS and technologies in greater detail. These documents present thorough, yet concise, descriptions of the ISS ECLSS.
Addressing public dissatisfaction on urban tree management: A way to enhance landscape quality

Despite the vast research by scholars on urban tree management, little is known about the perspective of public dissatisfaction in relation to the tree management status. The overall viewpoint that emerges from the literature is negative: Slow reaction, complaint-based action, mismanagement and incompetence. To justify and fully enhance landscape quality, it is important to address and minimize public dissatisfaction factors. The aim of this initial study in Kajang was to contribute to the emerging understanding of public dissatisfaction on urban tree management performance. This study presents the analysis of 640 public applications for tree removal due to dissatisfaction derived from the Kajang Municipal Council localities of which the information originates from a public complain database. From public applications for tree removal, their dissatisfaction factors are categorized into 5 major traits on tree management performance; garbage generation, dangerousness, oldness, poor workmanship and interference or obstruction under 4 criteria; management intensity, species suitability, tree risk management and staffing. The outcomes add nuance to the understanding of the trees that have received an application for removal–it indicates that they are poorly managed. This study set the standard in urban tree management journals and differences from other studies with the addition of two variables which is the poor workmanship and interference or obstruction for indicating the performance of urban tree management. In using an untapped source of primary indicators; public dissatisfaction statement with tree management; this study will contribute to future research on similar topics and light up the existing ambiguity on tree management performance.
The role of absorptive capacity in EMNEs? Strategic asset-seeking internationalization:A case study of four Chinese MNEs

Many studies have highlighted that EMNEs are utilizing strategic asset-seeking (SAS) internationalization as a means to upgrade their capabilities and build up their competitive advantages (Lecraw, 1993; Makino et al., 2002; Child and Rodrigues, 2005). However, no research has specifically examined or directly studied how a firm? s internal capability, with the particular focus on absorptive capacity, influences the outcome of EMNEs? SAS international activities. The overall aim of this research is to explore how absorptive capacity of EMNEs influences the outcome of their SAS internationalization, specifically focusing on two key dimensions of absorptive capacity, i.e. the ability to identify external assets, and the ability to acquire external assets. Given the exploratory nature of this research, a qualitative multiple case study method was adopted. Altogether, four Chinese MNEs were selected with a total of 10 SAS events conducted by them respectively.We clearly demonstrated the linkages between firms? absorptive capacity and SAS outcomes. We found that the outcome of case companies? SAS events were not effective in terms of gaining substantial assets, rather case companies can gain reputation and other benefits through the events. We found a new element comprising absorptive capacity, i.e. the ability to retain the acquired assets. We argued that it is a precondition for assimilation to happen. We demonstrated how firms? absorptive capacity in the dimensions of identification, acquisition and the new emerged dimension, i.e. retention ability, together influenced their SAS outcomes. We also explored the underpinning factors for each dimension of absorptive capacity. An integrated model was developed. Our study is the first to specifically explore the linkage between absorptive capacity and EMNEs? SAS internationalization. We made several contributions to international business literature on SAS events and literature on absorptive capacity respectively. Specifically, we attempted to gain understanding of why EMNEs? SAS strategies may or may not be fully effective, to enhance our understanding of absorptive capacity issues in emerging country contexts, and to achieve potential conceptual enrichment.
“Building an Airplane in the Sky”: A Case Study on Perceptions of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)

This qualitative study examined teacher perceptions of the Common Core State Standards; the case study occurred within a small elementary school in Western Wisconsin. Eight educators, including six classroom teachers and two administrators, one principal and one reading specialist/literacy coach, participated in this study. Two major themes in perceptions of need and impact emerged from the interview data, with several subthemes within need and impact including: needs for staff development/training, support, time and better understanding as well as impacts on students’ social-emotional well-being, district funding, student learning, teacher identities and well-being, instruction/pedagogy/reading, assessment, and student diversity. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn including more time and staff development opportunities within a Professional Learning Community framework and empowerment of teacher leaders, self-reflection, and dialogue within a critical pedagogy lense.