Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synaptic mechanisms of NMDA‐mediated hyperpolarization in lateral amygdaloid projection neurons

Synaptic mechanisms underlying NMDA-mediated responses of neurons in the guinea pig lateral amygdala (AL) were investigated in in vitro slice preparations. Local application of NMDA resulted in initial hyperpolarization of pyramidal-like spiny cells (projection neurons), followed by prolonged depolarization. The slow depolarization represented a direct postsynaptic effect of NMDA, whereas the initial hyperpolarization was induced presynaptically through activation of GABAergic interneurons and was sensitive to blockade by tetrodotoxin as well as the GABAA-receptor antagonist bicuculline. Application of NMDA resulted in AP-5-sensitive, lasting depolarization also in putative interneurons of the AL suggesting direct activation of GABAergic interneurons by NMDA. These data indicate that interneurons in the rat lateral amygdala possess functional NMDA receptors, which may contribute to the predominantly inhibitory synaptic responses in amygdaloid neurons following activation through afferent input systems.
AAEM minimonograph #26: The electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

The electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is reviewed, including discussions of old and new techniques of motor and sensory nerve conduction, anomalous innervation, and needle electrode examination. A variety of sensitive nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are available for the evaluation of a patient with suspected CTS. For any particular patient, the NCS method chosen by the clinical neurophysiologist may vary for a numer of reasons, including the severity of the deficit and the presence of superimposed conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 20: 1477–1486, 1997
A Forward Converter Having an FPGA-based PID Controller with Parameters On-ine Tuned

In this paper, a forward converter based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) technique is presented to design the PID controller as well as to process the signals from peripherals, so as to obtain good performance over the entire operating range. The on-line tuning of controller parameters is used to reduce the effect of input voltage variations on the transient load response. Besides, the improvement in the transient load response is considered further, especially for the maximum voltage input. The validity of the proposed control topology is demonstrated via some experimental results.
Stress fractures in ballet dancers

We surveyed 54 female dancers in two professional ballet companies. A total of 27 fractures were reported in 17 dancers. Metatarsal fractures were the most common (63%), followed by fractures of the tibia (22%) and spine (7%). Dancers who danced >5 hours per day were significantly more likely to have a stress fracture than those dancing <5 hours per day. Dancers in the stress fracture group also had a significantly longer duration of amenorrhea than those in the group with no stress fractures. No significant difference was found between the dancers who had stress fractures and those who did not with regard to any of the other variables examined. These data suggest that prolonged amenorrheic intervals and heavy training schedules may predispose ballet dancers to stress fractures. Of the 17 dancers with stress fractures, only 1 had neither of these risk factors.
Techniques for assessing the performance of in situ bioreduction and immobilization of metals and radionuclides in contaminated subsurface environments

Department of Energy (DOE) facilities within the weapons complex face a daunting challenge of remediating huge below inventories of legacy radioactive and toxic metal waste. More often than not, the scope of the problem is massive, particularly in the high recharge, humid regions east of the Mississippi river, where the off-site migration of contaminants continues to plague soil water, groundwater, and surface water sources. As of 2002, contaminated sites are closing rapidly and many remediation strategies have chosen to leave contaminants in-place. In situ barriers, surface caps, and bioremediation are often the remedial strategies of chose. By choosing to leave contaminants in-place, we must accept the fact that the contaminants will continue to interact with subsurface and surface media. Contaminant interactions with the geosphere are complex and investigating long term changes and interactive processes is imperative to verifying risks. We must be able to understand the consequences of our action or inaction. The focus of this manuscript is to describe recent technical developments for assessing the performance of in situ bioremediation and immobilization of subsurface metals and radionuclides. Research within DOE's NABIR and EMSP programs has been investigating the possibility of using subsurface microorganisms to convert redox sensitive toxic metals and radionuclides (e.g. Cr, U, Tc, Co) into a less soluble, less mobile forms. Much of the research is motivated by the likelihood that subsurface metal-reducing bacteria can be stimulated to effectively alter the redox state of metals and radionuclides so that they are immobilized in situ for long time periods. The approach is difficult, however, since subsurface media and waste constituents are complex with competing electron acceptors and hydrogeological conditions making biostimulation a challenge. Performance assessment of in situ biostimulation strategies is also difficult and typically requires detailed monitoring of coupled hydrological, geochemical/geophysical, and microbial processes. In the following manuscript we will (1) discuss contaminant fate and transport problems in humid regimes, (2) efforts to immobilize metals and radionuclides in situ via bioremediation, and (3) state-of-the-art techniques for assessing the performance of in situ bioreduction and immobilization of metals and radionuclides. These included (a) in situ solution and solid phase monitoring, (b) in situ and laboratory microbial community analysis, (c) noninvasive geophysical methods, and (d) solid phase speciation via high resolution spectroscopy.
Dynamic Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio-Based Wireless Communication

: Cognitive radio (CR) is a new paradigm wireless communication system which is use for efficient utilization of radio frequency (RF) spectrum or RF channel for future wireless communication. The motivation behind cognitive radio is the insufficiency of the existing frequency band and rising demand due to the up-and-coming wireless applications for mobile users. Cognitive radio is advanced technology for dynamic spectrum detection and for the use of unutilized spectrum. The secondary user (SU) devices enthusiastically sense to the primary user (PU) and use the spectrum band if it is accessible without affecting their performance. In this paper we intend methodology and comparative sensing schemes for Cyclostationary feature detection techniques and Co-operative Eigen value based spectrum detection in CR. The performance of various wireless fading channels is evaluated by analyzing it’s operating characteristics. The study of the performance outcome shows that, at low signal to noise ratio (SNR) sensing is improved in Eigen value based detection method because it does not require any prior information about primary signals. For simulation we used MATLAB software.
Why do we Need this? Roles in the Information System Acquisition legitimation Process

In information system (IS) acquisition, one of the major challenges is to carry out required changes in the organization. One major problem is the lack of organizational support, user participation and competence. The process of gaining organizational support has been presented as the legitimation process. The legitimation process includes the actions taken by a legitimation seeker to gain legitimation from legitimation providers. In IS acquisition, the individuals’ behavioural patterns can be perceived as representing specific roles. Published studies combining these roles and actors in the legitimation process in IS acquisition are rare. Consequently, we will explore the roles in the IS acquisition legitimation process in two cases. As a result, we illustrate how legitimation appears in practice and provide a deeper understanding of how different roles act in legitimating IS acquisitions.
Examining the Influence of Social Ecological Factors on Prostate Cancer Screening in Urban African-American Men

African-American men experience a disparate burden of prostate cancer (PC). Little is known about how social factors influence PC screening in this population. Methods: African-American men over the age of 18 (N = 229) were recruited from a community health fair and anonymously surveyed about their PC screening behavior and conditions of their social environment. Analysis included logistic regression. Findings: Fifty one percent of respondents reported receiving any form of PC screening within the past five years. Older age, higher levels of education, and access to a usual health care provider were associated with PC screening. Conclusions: Social workers in preventive and community health settings should be increasingly attentive to the PC screening barriers facing African-American men, particularly those who may be undereducated and lack access to care.
The Concurrent Validity of Three Visual Perception Tests Used with Adults

Objective. Visual perception is a skill area commonly assessed by occupational therapists. Three newly revised tests of visual perception include the Developmental Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)-Adolescent and Adult (DTVP-A), the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-Third Edition (MVPT-3), and the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Third Edition (TVPS-3). The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of these three adult visual perceptual tests. Methods. Fifty healthy participants, aged 18–55 years, completed the DTVP-A, MVPT-3, and TVPS-3. Spearman rho correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships among the three tests. Results. The total scale score correlations for the DTVP-A, MVPT-3, and TVPS-3 ranged from 0.39 to 0.51. Conclusion. The three tests exhibited a moderate level of correlation, supporting the concurrent validity of the DTVP-A, MVPT-3, and TVPS-3.
Misaligned Maps Lead to Predictable Errors

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of subjects to make judgments of direction when using misaligned maps. Two hypotheses were proposed: (i) errors would fall into two lawful categories—mirror-image errors and alignment errors; (ii) the effect of map orientation would generalize to a different mode of responding than has been used in previous studies. Support for both hypotheses was obtained. The results are discussed in terms of the mental processes used to align maps to spaces, and the task demands required by different response modes.
Modeling of 2-D microcavity lasers with arbitrarily shaped active regions

We consider the mathematical model for the accurate and economic numerical study of an arbitrary-shape two-dimensional (2-D) microcavity laser with an active region of arbitrary shape. The model is based on the coupled Muller integral equations (IE) on the boundaries of passive and active parts of the cavity. The algorithm of their discretization can be based on the Nystrom interpolation of the unknown functions corresponding to the boundary electric and magnetic currents. The model enables one to extract the lasing-mode frequencies and thresholds and to use the geometry of the active region as a tool of manipulation of the lasing threshold.
Reduced Threshold for Inhibitory Homeostatic Responses in Migraine Motor Cortex? A tDCS/TMS Study

Neurophysiological studies in migraine have reported conflicting findings of either cortical hyper‐ or hypoexcitability. In migraine with aura (MwA) patients, we recently documented an inhibitory response to suprathreshold, high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (hf‐rTMS) trains applied to the primary motor cortex, which is in contrast with the facilitatory response observed in the healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to support the hypothesis that in migraine, because of a condition of basal increased cortical responsivity, inhibitory homeostatic‐like mechanisms of cortical excitability could be induced by high magnitude stimulation. For this purpose, the hf‐rTMS trains were preconditioned by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique able to modulate the cortical excitability state.
Assessing Model Selection Uncertainty Using a Bootstrap Approach: An Update

Model comparisons in the behavioral sciences often aim at selecting the model that best describes the structure in the population. Model selection is usually based on fit indexes such as Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) or Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and inference is done based on the selected best-fitting model. This practice does not account for the possibility that due to sampling variability, a different model might be selected as the preferred model in a new sample from the same population. A previous study illustrated a bootstrap approach to gauge this model selection uncertainty using 2 empirical examples. This study consists of a series of simulations to assess the utility of the proposed bootstrap approach in multigroup and mixture model comparisons. These simulations show that bootstrap selection rates can provide additional information over and above simply relying on the size of AIC and BIC differences in a given sample.
CIP98, a novel PDZ domain protein, is expressed in the central nervous system and interacts with calmodulin‐dependent serine kinase

Receptors and various molecules in neurons are localized at precise locations to perform their respective functions, especially in synaptic sites. Among synaptic molecules, PDZ domain proteins play major roles in scaffolding and anchoring membrane proteins for efficient synaptic transmission. In the present study, we isolated CIP98, a novel protein (98 kDa) consisting of three PDZ domains and a proline‐rich region, which is widely expressed in the central nervous system. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining patterns demonstrate that CIP98 is expressed strongly in certain types of neurons, i.e. pyramidal cells in layers III–V of the cerebral cortex, projecting neurons in the thalamus and interneurons in the cerebellum. The results of immunocytochemical staining and electron microscopy revealed that CIP98 is localized both in dendrites and axons. Interestingly, CIP98 interacts with CASK (calmodulin‐dependent serine kinase), a member of the membrane‐associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family that plays important roles in the molecular organization of proteins at synapses. CIP98 was shown to co‐localize with CASK along the dendritic processes of neurons. In view of its direct association with CASK, CIP98 may be involved in the formation of CASK scaffolding proteins complex to facilitate synaptic transmission in the CNS.
The nonlinear 2D supercritical inviscid shallow water equations in a rectangle

In this article we consider the inviscid two-dimensional shallow water equa- tions in a rectangle. The flow occurs near a stationary solution in the so called supercritical regime and we establish short term existence of smooth solutions for the corresponding initial and boundary value problem. Motivated by the study of the inviscid primitive equations, we consider in this article the inviscid two-dimensional shallow water equations in a rectangle in the so-called supercritical regime. It has been shown that a certain vertical expansion of the inviscid primitive equa- tions leads to a system of coupled nonlinear equations similar to the inviscid shallow water equations; see (RTT08b) and (HT14a). Hence beside their intrinsic interest, the nonlinear shallow water equations can be seen as one mode of the vertical expansion of the primitive equations. The issue of the boundary conditions to be associated with the primitive or shallow water equations has been emphasized as a major problem and limitation for the so-called Local Area Models for which weather predictions are sought and simulations are performed within a domain for which the boundary has no physical significance, so that there are no phys- ical laws prescribing the boundary conditions (see (WPT97) and e.g. (RTT08a, RTT08b), (CSTT12, SLTT)). The choice of the boundary conditions relies then on mathematical considerations (derivation of a well-posed mathematical problem), and on general compu- tational considerations and physical intuition. The boundary conditions suitable for the one-dimensional shallow water equations were derived in an intuitive context in the book of Whitham (Whi99) and in (NHF08); see (PT13) for a rigorous study. For general results on boundary value problems for quasilinear hyperbolic system in space dimension one see (LY85); for initial and boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations in smooth domain see the thorough book (BS07). The present article follows the study of the one-dimensional inviscid shallow water equations in (PT13, HPT11) and the study of the linearized shallow water equations in (HT14a). In the study of the linearized inviscid shallow water equations in (HT14a) we have shown that five cases can occur depending on the respective values of the velocity and the height (not counting the non-generic cases and the symmetries). The nonlinear case that we consider in this article relates to what was called the supercritical case in (HT14a); see (HT14b) for the study of a subcritical case.
Workers' compensation: coverage, benefits, and costs, 1988.

For the fifth consecutive year, payments to beneficiaries in 1988 under workers’ compensation programs in the United States rose more than 10 percent from the previous year, reflecting increases in average wages and medical costs and in the number of employed workers, Workers’ compensation programs provided about $30.8 billion in cash and medical benefits to persons with job-related disabilities and in survivors benefits to dependents of those workers whose death resulted from a work-related accident or illness. Employers paid nearly $43 billion in 1988 to provide workers’ compensation protection to employees, about 12.6 percent more than the $38.1 billion paid in 1987. This premium consists of the amount needed to pay benefits and to administer the insurance operation, including sales and operating costs, claims processing, rehabilitation costs, profits, taxes, and reserves for future benefits.
Chronic hepatitis C and antiviral treatment regimens: where can psychology contribute?

OBJECTIVE Our goal was to evaluate the existing literature on psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection and antiviral treatment; provide the state of the behavioral science in areas that presently hinder HCV-related health outcomes; and make recommendations for areas in which clinical psychology can make significant contributions. METHOD The extant literature on HCV and antiviral therapy was reviewed as related to biopsychosocial factors such as mental health, substance/alcohol use, quality of life, coping, stigma, racial disparities, side effects, treatment adherence, integrated care, and psychological interventions. RESULTS For reasons that have not been well elucidated, individuals infected with HCV experience psychological and somatic problems and report poor health-related quality of life. Preexisting conditions, including poor mental health and alcohol/substance use, can interfere with access to and successful completion of HCV treatment. Perceived stigma is highly prevalent and associated with psychological distress. Racial disparities exist for HCV prevalence, treatment uptake, and treatment success. During HCV treatment, patients experience exacerbation of symptoms, treatment side effects, and poorer quality of life, making it difficult to complete treatment. Despite pharmacological advances in HCV treatment, improvements in clinical and public health outcomes have not been realized. The reasons for this lack of impact are multifactorial, but include suboptimal referral and access to care for many patients, treatment-related side effects, treatment nonadherence, and lack of empirically based approaches. CONCLUSIONS Biomedical advances in HCV and antiviral treatment have created a fertile field in which psychologists are uniquely positioned to make important contributions to HCV management and treatment.
Distinct expression of TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPV1 mRNAs in rat primary afferent neurons with aδ/c‐fibers and colocalization with trk receptors

The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels contains four temperature‐sensitive channels, named TRPV1–4, that are activated by heat stimuli from warm to that in the noxious range. Recently, two other members of this superfamily, TRPA1 and TRPM8, have been cloned and characterized as possible candidates for cold transducers in primary afferent neurons. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we characterized the precise distribution of TRPA1, TRPM8, and TRPV1 mRNAs in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. In the DRG, TRPM8 mRNA was not expressed in the TRPV1‐expressing neuronal population, whereas TRPA1 mRNA was only seen in some neurons in this population. Both A‐fiber and C‐fiber neurons expressed TRPM8, whereas TRPV1 was almost exclusively seen in C‐fiber neurons. All TRPM8‐expressing neurons also expressed TrkA, whereas the expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 was independent of TrkA expression. None of these three TRP channels were coexpressed with TrkB or TrkC. The TRPM8‐expressing neurons were more abundant in the TG compared with the DRG, especially in the mandibular nerve region innervating the tongue. Our data suggest heterogeneity of TRPM8 and TRPA1 expression by subpopulations of primary afferent neurons, which may result in the difference of cold‐sensitive primary afferent neurons in sensitivity to chemicals such as menthol and capsaicin and nerve growth factor. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:596–606, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.