Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of imprint DESI-MS substrates for the analysis of fungal metabolites

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important tool in microbiology for the identification of microorganisms and for monitoring the production of microbial secondary metabolites. Therefore, several ambient mass spectrometry techniques have been applied in the last few years. Although desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is the most popular ambient MS technique, its application in the direct analysis of fungal compounds is still not well established. The irregular or uneven nature of the colony, the absorbent properties of the growth medium and the need for a firm surface for effective ionization hinder the direct screening of metabolites in fungal cultures by DESI-MS analysis. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we tested different surfaces, such as tape, porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), thin layer chromatography (TLC) surfaces, filter paper, flat silicon wafers and porous silicon (pSi), to obtain the best imprint-DESI-MS outcome with fungal cultures of Trichoderma harzianum for metabolite screening. We also evaluated the efficiency of the surfaces for the DESI-MS of small polar fungal metabolites in regard to signal intensity, signal stability and imaging suitability. The silicon surfaces provided the highest signal intensity for the fungal metabolites. PTFE and filter paper demonstrated relatively high signal stabilities that could be useful for prolonged DESI-MS/MS experiments, whereas tape was found to be the best option for DESI-MS imaging. The imprint on a tape surface was the only one capable of maintaining the structural features of the concentric conidial rings of T. harzianum.
Spectroelectrochemical investigation of redox states in a polypyrrole/lignin composite electrode material

We report spectroelectrochemical studies to investigate the charge storage mechanism of composite polypyrrole/lignin electrodes. Renewable bioorganic electrode materials were produced by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of a water-soluble lignin derivative acting as a dopant. The resulting composite exhibited enhanced charge storage abilities due to a lignin-based faradaic process, which was expressed after repeated electrochemical redox of the material. The in situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry results show the formation of quinone groups, and reversible oxidation–reduction of these groups during charge–discharge experiments in the electrode materials. The most significant IR bands include carbonyl absorption near 1705 cm−1, which is attributed to the creation of quinone moieties during oxidation, and absorption at 1045 cm−1 which is due to hydroquinone moieties.
Fabrication of oriented polyaniline nanostructures using block copolymer nanotemplates and their optical, electrochemical and electric properties

Arrays of oriented polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures of different shape and size were fabricated on transparent ITO substrates using block copolymer nanotemplate as scaffold material. Polyaniline in these nanostructures was synthesized by electropolymerization. The electrochemical deposition requires only a single step where the size and shape of the nanostructures vary with time and can be tailored easily. Both AFM and SEM studies were carried out in order to study the morphology of different polyaniline nanostructures fabricated using block copolymer nanotemplates. SEM investigations confirm that the morphology of fabricated polyaniline nanostructures is different from the polyaniline simply grown on blank ITO using the same experimental conditions. The optical, electrical and electrochemical properties of these polyaniline nanostructures have been studied. These polyaniline nanostructures show different optical and electrochemical properties as compared to randomly grown polyaniline thin film on blank ITO. Polyaniline nanostructures fabricated using block copolymer templates have an additional absorption peak near 510 nm which is due to different chain conformations of polyaniline growing inside the block copolymer template. The polyaniline deposited using the block copolymer nanotemplate has additional redox peaks as compared to polyaniline deposited on bare ITO. The presence of an extra redox couple (around 0.515/0.487 V) clearly indicates that polyaniline nanostructures have some quinone type defect which is absent in the polyaniline deposited on bare ITO. We have studied the electric properties of these polyaniline nanostructures using conducting AFM. The discrete bright spots in the current image indicating the areas where current flows, correspond to the individual polyaniline nanostructures. In contrast, the current image of the polyaniline film prepared on blank ITO, indicates that polyaniline covers the entire surface.
A molecular dynamics simulation of a water model with intramolecular degrees of freedom

Simulations of water models with and without intramolecular degrees of freedom have been performed within the classical approximation. Three H2O simulations with interaction parameters taken from a simple point charge model due to Berendsen et al. are reported: (i) with rigid water molecules, (ii) with flexible water molecules and (iii) with rigid water molecules and polarized bond lengths and bond angles obtained from the second simulation. The most important effect of the inclusion of intramolecular vibrations is seen on transport properties, which in general become a foctor of 2-3 faster. The internal vibrations lead to a small but significant lowering of the potential energy and also reduce the structure, as seen from atom-atom distribution functions. The dipole moment fluctuations are affected by the nuclear polarization caused by the intermolecular interactions. Two D2O simulation have been performed in order to assess the effects of isotope substitution, one with rigid molecules and the other with .
An infrared spectroscopic examination of cement‐based solidification/stabilization systems ‐ Portland types V and IP with zinc

Abstract Portland Type V and IP cement has been investigated using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to obtain information on the binding chemistry of zinc and its influence on the mechanisms of hydration, carbonation, and silicate polymerization. Samples of both zinc doped and undoped cement were cured under air and argon. Considerable insight has been gained concerning the nature of the hydration reactions both in the presence of carbon dioxide, and in its absence, both with and without the influence of zinc. Carbonation has been found to be important in the hydration and polymerization of silicates and the influences of zinc doping on these processes have been delineated. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectral evidence for the presence of CaZn2(OH)6•2H2O has been obtained. A model is discussed for the observed influences of zinc on the surface chemistry of cement. The information is considered valuable for the improvement of the solidification/stabilization of zinc‐containing waste.
Stability of Polypropylene Blends Under the Effect of Thermal and UV Degradation

ABSTRACT Polypropylene has been blended with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and their combinations. The obtained films have been subjected to thermal and UV weathering. The relative change in the carbonyl index as a result of thermal and UV aging has been determined by using FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, the thermal behavior of these blends has been followed up by using thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, sol–gel analysis of the films before and after aging has been conducted in p-xylene and correlated with the extent of oxidation. The effects of different factors, such as blend composition, addition of UV stabilizer, and mixing and blending method on the aging characteristics, have been studied.
A comparison of Laue and monochromatic X‐ray analyses: the determination of the hydrogen‐atom positions of an organic small‐molecule crystal

C 25 H 20 N 2 O 2 cristallise dans P2 1 2 1 2 1 avec affinement jusqu'a 0,046. Les positions des atomes d'hydrogene sont determinees en utilisant les donnees de diffraction pour la raie Kα de Mo ou par la methode de Laue
Mn L3,2 x-ray absorption from (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)N

We present Mn L3,2 x-ray absorption measurements from two dilute magnetic semiconductor systems: p-type (Ga,Mn)As, which is ferromagnetic with TC=140 K; and n-type (Ga,Mn)N, in which the magnetic impurities are predominantly paramagnetic. After removing a Mn-rich oxide surface layer by chemical etching, the Mn L3,2 spectra from (Ga,Mn)As appear less localized than in previous reports, which is ascribed to screening due to p–d hybridization. Our results suggest that previous studies may have been influenced by the quality of the surface. In contrast, in the (Ga,Mn)N film the Mn ground state is closer to pure d5.
Developing an insulin producing tissue using mouse embryonic stem cells

DEVELOPING AN INSULIN PRODUCING TISSUE USING MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS by Neha Mahendrakumar Jain This thesis describes derivation of pancreatic insulin producing cells (IPCs) from mouse embryonic stem cells and development of three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue system to provide physiologic culture conditions for IPCs. Upon using a previously established protocol, IPCs have been successfully derived from mouse embryonic stem cells and characterized in vitro. IPCs not only express classical markers of pancreatic beta cells but also exhibit glucose responsive behavior. Interestingly while deriving IPCs from mouse embryonic stem cells, islet endothelial cells have also been identified and successfully isolated from the culture. Derivation of a pure population of endothelial cells expressing specific markers of islet microvasculature, differentiated from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells is entirely novel and is demonstrated for the first time in this study. To better mimic the native environment, a 3D engineered tissue system has been created using stem cell-derived IPCs. IPC survival, glucose responsiveness and gene expressions under both static and flow culture conditions were examined. Furthermore, the effects of endothelial cells on IPC function was examined using a 3D co-culture system of IPCs and islet endothelial cells under both static and flow culture conditions. While no significant improvements are seen in the glucose responsiveness and gene expression analysis of the IPC clusters in 3D culture conditions in static or flow culture conditions, this study describes includes preliminary design considerations that can be further extended in developing functional 3D insulin-producing tissues, and ultimately establishing a long-term clinically relevant strategy. DEVELOPING AN INSULIN PRODUCING TISSUE USING MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS by Neha Mahendrakumar Jain A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey -­‐ Newark in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering January 2015 Copyright © 2015 by Neha Mahendrakumar Jain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED APPROVAL PAGE DEVELOPING AN INSULIN PRODUCING TISSUE USING MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Neha Mahendrakumar Jain Dr. EunJung Lee, Dissertation Advisor Date Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, NJIT Dr. Treena Arinzeh, Committee Member Date Professor of Biomedical Engineering, NJIT Dr. Pranela Rameshwar, Committee Member Date Professor of Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Dr. Samuel Leibovich, Committee Member Date Professor of Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Dr. Cheul Cho, Committee Member Date Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, NJIT
Sponges, Tubules and Modulated Phases of Para-Antinematic Membranes

We theoretically analyze the behavior of membranes presenting a nematic susceptibility, induced by the presence of anisotropic phospholipids having a quadrupolar nematic symmetry. This kind of anisotropic phospholipids is either naturally found in some biological membranes, or can be chemically tailored by linking pairs of single surfactants at the level of their polar heads, giving rise to so-called “gemini” surfactants. We predict that such membranes can acquire a non-zero paranematic order induced by the membrane curvature, which in turn produces curvature instabilities. We call the resulting paranematic order para-antinematic, since it is opposite on opposite sides of the membrane. We find phase transitions toward sponges (L3), tubules, or modulated “egg-carton” phases.
Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur in Geological Materials Using Elemental Analysers

This article describes a series of methods developed for the determination of total carbon (CTotal), organic carbon (Corg), hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. The following elemental analysers were used: LECO model RC‐412 for the determination of organic carbon, total carbon and hydrogen; LECO model CS‐200 for the determination of total carbon and sulfur; LECO model TN‐400 for the determination of nitrogen; and LECO model TruSpec CHNS for the determination of organic carbon, total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. Uncertainty and limits of detection and quantification were calculated for each method, as well as the running costs to define the most effective instrument for each material and each analyte. Accuracy was checked by the application of the Sutarno–Steger test. Finally, a compilation of the results obtained in the determination of CTotal, Corg, H, N and S in forty‐nine reference materials is presented.
Optimization of deposition temperature of SILAR Cu-rich CuInS2 thin films

CuInS2 (CIS) is studied widely as a promising absorber material for high efficient and low cost thin film solar cells. CIS thin films are prepared on soda lime glass substrates using Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique at different deposition temperatures (40 to 70 °C). The structural, compositional and optical properties are studied with x-ray diffractometer, energy dispersive x-ray analyzer and spectrophotometer. The influence of the deposition temperature on the properties of CIS thin films is discussed in this paper in detail.
Optical and Physics Investigation of Fe2O3 Doped in Soda-Lime Silicate Glass at Different Melting Temperature

In this work, the effects of melting temperature (1200, 1300, 1400 and 1500 °C) on glass properties, prepared in the composition 64.4SiO2: 10.0CaO: 25.0Na2O: 0.6Fe2O3 have been investigated. The Fe2O3 doped glass shown green color due to the homogeneous distribution of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions in the glass matrices. Refractive index, dielectric constant, optical dielectric constant and the reflection loss increases when the melting temperature is increased. The absorption bands are observed in the all spectra with the peaks around 380 and 435 nm are attributed to Fe3+ and board peak around 1,050 nm due to Fe2+. The Fe2+ peaks are increased with increasing of melting temperature, correspond with glass color.
Über Komplexe Verbindungen des Palladiums mit Glutaminsäure

Es wurden komplexe Verbindungen des Palladiums mit Glutaminsaure dargestellt. Durch die Reaktion von K2[PdCl4] mit Glutaminsaure wurde das innerkomplexe Palladiumglutaminat erhalten. Infolge derfreien COOH-Gruppen besitzt letzteres die Eigenschaften einer Saure und kann mit Lauge titriert werden. Es wurde auch das entsprechende, schwerlosliche Bleidiglutaminopalladat(II) erhalten. Das Verhalten des Palladiumglutaminats gegenuber Thioharnstoff und Athylendiamin wurde untersucht, dabei wurden die Verbindungen [Pd(Thio)4]3 [Cr(SCN)6]2 und [Pd en2]3 [Cr(SCN)6]2 erhalten. The behaviour of Pd glutamate against thiourea and ethylene diamine was studied; hereby [Pd(thio)4]3[Cr(SCN)6]2 and [Pd en2]3[Cr (SCN)6]2 were isolated. The reaction of K2[PdCl4] with glutamic acid leads to being an inner-complex palladium glutamate. Because of the free COOH groups, this chelate compound behaves as an acid which may be titrated with alkali hydroxide. Also the corresponding sparely soluble lead diglutamatopalladate(II), , was prepared.
Surface orientation characterisation of rough mc‐silicon surfaces by confocal microscopy and EBSD

For many semiconductor and photovoltaic applications the quality of substrate surfaces is an important requirement for the development of new devices. Therefore, methods are needed to analyse the surface structure in detail. In the following a new method is described that allows a fast analysis of as‐cut or artificially modified and textured surfaces. It uses laser confocal microscopy images. Therefrom the orientation of small surface elements are detected and depicted in an orientation distribution function of surface normals. The method is applied to as‐sawn mc‐silicon surfaces. It will be shown that it is also possible to determine the grain orientation for grains near 〈111〉 crystal direction by this method. The combination of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation distribution function analysis enables the detailed investigation of surface elements of an anisotropic etched silicon wafer. Inhomogeneity of surface textures can easily and rapidly be visualised by this method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF HEXABAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

This paper demonstrate simple, low cost Hexaband microstrip antenna with suitable feeding technique and dielectric substrate for applications in GHz frequency range. The optimum design parameters of the antenna are selected to achieve the improved bandwidth, high gain as well as best possible characteristics such as better radiation pattern, low SWR etc. Designed antenna achieved a bandwidth of 46 % resonating at six different bands between L to Ku band frequency ranges. Effect of slot on the patch is studied experimentally for enhancing the bandwidth. Designed antennas are suitable for L to Ku-band applications of wireless systems. Details of antenna design and results are discussed.
The Solvent Extraction Performance of N,N’-Dimethyl-N,N’-Dibutylmalonamide Towards Platinum and Palladium in Chloride Media

The solvent extraction performance of N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-dibutylmalonamide (DMDBMA) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) towards platinum(IV) and palladium(II) in hydrochloric acid media was systematically evaluated. Pt(IV) extraction (%E) increases with the HCl concentration in the aqueous phases, being always higher than 72%, whereas Pd(II) extraction decreases from 65% at 1 M HCl to 22% at 8 M HCl. Several stripping agents for the two metals were tested: Pt(IV) is successfully recovered by a 1 M sodium thiosulfate solution, whereas the best result for Pd(II) was achieved with 0.1 M thiourea in 1 M HCl. The loading capacity of DMDBMA for Pt(IV) is high, and data obtained from successive extraction-stripping cycles suggest a good DMDBMA stability pattern. Attempts to replace 1,2-DCE by more environmentally-friendly diluents showed, in general, worse %E for Pt(IV). The dependence of Pt(IV) distribution coefficients on DMDBMA and chloride ion concentrations, as well as on acidity, are the basis of a proposal for the composition of Pt(IV) extracted species.
Yield parameters and firmness of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) merril] as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer rates in two ultisols

A field study was conducted for two years to assess the spatial and temporal effect of Phosphorus fertilizer on the yield, yield components and yield stability of five soybean genotypes in Umudike and Amakama in eastern Nigeria. The study was laid out as a split-plot in a randomized complete block with three replications. P rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate (TSP, 20% P) was randomly allocated to sub-plots and five soybean varieties (TGX 1440-1E, TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1485-1D, TGX 1835-10E and TGX 1910-14F) to main plots. Phosphorus rate, year and location were considered as environmental factors in a genotype x environment analysis. Genotype, P rate, year, location and some interactions were significant for most of the traits studied. The Genotypes performed differently across the environments and a high positive and significant association existed between seed yield and number of pods per plant as well as the number of seeds per plant. Hence, these traits can be selected for in the improvement of soybean in this agro ecology. Genotype x environment interactions (GEI) played a significant role in this study and should be given considerable attention in soybean breeding program for development of genetic materials adapted to a wide range of environments. TGX 1910-14F and TGX1440-1E were stable under different P rates.
Selective Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation for Post-Functional Synthesis of Trifluoromethylphenyl Diazirine Derivatives for Photoaffinity Labeling

© 2012 Hashimoto et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Selective Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation for Post-Functional Synthesis of Trifluoromethylphenyl Diazirine Derivatives for Photoaffinity Labeling
Ethyl [5‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]oxoacetate

The title compound, C14H16N2O4, crystallizes with four mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The independent mol­ecules differ from each other in the conformation of the chiral site of the mol­ecule and in the conformation of the eth­oxy chain. The ester group is inclined approximately at right angles with respect to the mean plane of the carbonyl­pyrazoline unit. Each mol­ecule is involved in two inter­molecular hydrogen bonds, in one acting as a donor and in the other as a hydrogen-bond acceptor.
A re-determination of the equal-loudness relations for pure tones

The paper describes a new determination of the equal-loudness relations for pure tones in free-field conditions which has been carried out at the National Physical Laboratory as a result of requests from organizations interested in various aspects of the acoustics of hearing. The equal-loudness contours are of considerable importance in this field, being fundamental to a proper understanding of aural judgments of the loudness of sounds of all kinds. They are also concerned in numerous practical applications in the study of noise. The first set of contours for free-field conditions was given by Fletcher and Munson in 1933, and a second determination was carried out by Churcher and King in 1937, but these two investigations showed considerable discrepancies over parts of the auditory diagram. The present work has been carried out on a more extensive scale, using a large team of otologically normal persons, and new techniques have been introduced enabling reliable measurements to be made over a wider range of intensity than has hitherto been possible. The new results cover a range of frequency of from 25 to 15 000 c/s and of sound pressure level up to about 130 dB relative to 0.000 2 dyn/cm2. The data show a greater degree of regularity than the former results, and allow the equivalent loudness of a pure tone of any frequency to be expressed by formulae quadratic in the sound pressure level, the coefficients varying smoothly with frequency. The results include a new determination of the normal threshold of hearing in free field, which is highly consistent with the equal-loudness contours. At frequencies above 1000 c/s account needs to be taken of variations due to the age of the observers, which become of particular importance at the upper end of the frequency range. The new results have indicated the causes of some of the discordant features in the earlier determinations and it is hoped that the work will facilitate agreement on a standard set of equal-loudness contours. On account of its relevance to noise measurement, some extension to equal-loudness relations for bands of noise is being undertaken.