Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV)

Abstract Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It is known to be responsible for pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD) which are increasing problems, causing high fish mortality and economic losses in the European aquaculture industry. Pancreas disease was first described in Atlantic salmon in Scotland in 1976 and a similar disease caused by the closely related sleeping disease virus was first described in rainbow trout in France. There have also been reports of salmonid alphavirus infections from other European countries, including Ireland, England, Norway, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Salmonid alphaviruses have been classified into six subtypes (SAV1–6). SAV1 and SAV4–6 cause pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon in Ireland or Scotland, SAV2 is the causative agent of sleeping disease in rainbow trout, and SAV3 has been detected in Atlantic salmon in Norway. The aim of this paper was to summarise current knowledge of infections caused by salmonid alphavirus and diagnostic methods including the newest techniques, and to briefly describe prevention from SAV infections by vaccination.
Resource implications of a brief psychology triage tool for patients pre bariatric surgery: An audit of patient pathways

Purpose: Due to resource limitations, psychological support for bariatric patients needs to be targeted to those most in need. This study aimed to evaluate the resource implications of a brief triage tool to identify and support those most at risk from poorer outcomes Materials and methods: A four stage process was used involving: Expert consensus; the selection of appropriate measures; A patient cohort over two years; A resource analysis Results: Three key psychological contra-indications for bariatric surgery were identified by expert psychologists (n=45) as alcohol and drug dependency and suicidality. Next, existing validated measures were selected based upon the literature to form the Bariatric Triage Tool (BTT) consisting of the AUDIT, DAST-10 and SBQ-R. Consecutive patients at one UK bariatric clinic then completed the BTT for 2 years (n=484). Of these under a fifth were identified as at risk (n=85; 17.6%) and referred for an in depth one to one assessment with a bariatric psychologist. Of these 7 (1.4%) were referred to their GP for further psychological support and removed from the surgical pathway. Finally, resource implications were evaluated and indicated that the BTT saved both money (between £15 and £105 per patient depending on the metric) and time (just under one hour per patient) which could be used to target those patients most in need of psychological support Conclusion: The BTT is a brief, easy to self-administer tool that could be used to identify those most at risk and ensure that psychological support is targeted to those most in need
Feature-based reformulation of entities in triple pattern queries

Knowledge graphs encode uniquely identifiable entities to other entities or literal values by means of relationships, thus enabling semantically rich querying over the stored data. Typically, the semantics of such queries are often crisp thereby resulting in crisp answers. Query log statistics show that a majority of the queries issued to knowledge graphs are often entity centric queries. When a user needs additional answers the state-of-the-art in assisting users is to rewrite the original query resulting in a set of approximations. Several strategies have been proposed in past to address this. They typically move up the taxonomy to relax a specific element to a more generic element. Entities don't have a taxonomy and they end up being generalized. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose an entity centric reformulation strategy that utilizes schema information and entity features present in the graph to suggest rewrites. Once the features are identified, the entity in concern is reformulated as a set of features. Since entities can have a large number of features, we introduce strategies that select the top-k most relevant and {informative ranked features and augment them to the original query to create a valid reformulation. We then evaluate our approach by showing that our reformulation strategy produces results that are more informative when compared with state-of-the-art
EMPATHY FOR PAIN AND ITS MODULATING FACTORS

The present thesis deals with the concept of empathy for pain, its neurobiological underpinnings and modulations of the phenomenon. Empathy for pain is understood as the empathic response that occurs when recognising another in pain and entails at least the affective processes of actually felt pain in oneself. Cortical areas of importance for empathy for pain are the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, the phenomenon is correlated with high levels of empathy, as established by behavioural self-reports. Further, empathy for pain has been shown to be highly susceptible to modulatory factors giving rise to changes in the empathic response. Perceived fairness, perspective taking, intent and out-groups are all factors that can evoke change in the subsequent empathy for pain responses in humans. These modulatory factors provide insight into inand out-group mechanisms. Cognitive strategies can regulate a diminished empathy for pain response, although further research is needed on how to cultivate and strengthen our ability to have empathy for another’s pain.
Applications of kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells

The establishment of protocols to differentiate kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells provides potential applications of kidney organoids in regenerative medicine. Modeling of renal diseases, drug screening, nephrotoxicity testing of compounds, and regenerative therapy are attractive applications. Although much progress still remains to be made in the development of kidney organoids, recent advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated system 9 (Cas9) genome editing and three-dimensional bioprinting technologies have contributed to the application of kidney organoids in clinical fields. In this section, we review recent advances in the applications of kidney organoids to kidney disease modelling, drug screening, nephrotoxicity testing, and regenerative therapy.
Exploring the lived experience of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment amongst Gujarati speaking Indian women

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females, affecting women of all ethnic groups. Until now, very little research has captured the psychosocial impact of the disease amongst Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) women, and that which has been conducted has been restricted to English-speaking participants. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of five Gujarati-speaking Indian women with regard to their breast cancer diagnosis and treatment; all five had Limited English Proficiency (LEP) and lived in the UK. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in Gujarati, with the assistance of an interpreter. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of the data revealed 3 key themes: making sense of the cancer, importance of support and body image concerns. The findings show that these women’s experiences were influenced by culturally specific concerns, especially in relation to knowledge of breast cancer and language barriers. This study has implications for healthcare professionals in terms of providing culturally competent care and support to BME women with LEP.
Numerical Simulation of Biology-Inspired Beetle Wings at Various Flying Conditions

Comprehensive numerical studies have been carried out on a biology-inspired computational model of Rhinoceros beetle subjected to changes in flow physics during propelling at different angles of attack. Over a pool of choices, Rhinoceros beetle is selected for its superior ability to function in various media. Detailed analyses have been carried out using a three dimensional pressure based SST k-ω turbulence model with the biomimetic structure. Numerical simulations have been carried out using refined polyhedral mesh with different lateral and longitudinal tilts at a free stream velocity of 5 m/s. Different flow property contours are generated and each case is compared with various flying conditions of Beetle to find out the best aerodynamic performance for various practical applications. Endurance is appropriated in this paper, through the estimation of the maximum aerodynamic efficiency for different orientations of the beetle wings. Authors ascertained that for every longitudinal angle of attack, there exists a lateral angle of attack at which aerodynamic efficiency becomes high and beyond which efficiency drops. Authors comprehended that the insects possess an innate ability to fix its wings at this critical efficient angle of attack as it changes its longitudinal angle of attack step by step, when it tries to take off. For landing, however, this phenomenon reverses to identify the angle of attack at which the aerodynamic efficiency becomes low. For a particular longitudinal orientation, detailed breakdown flow-physics research is carried out to single out the most aerodynamically efficient lateral angle of attack and to understand the reason behind that particular orientation’s successful performance in aerospace that can be mimicked for a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV). This study is a pointer toward for the design optimization of MAV for industrial applications.
INTERNATIO NAL ASPECTS O F PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTM ENT* By SPIRO

M odelling infrastructure as an international public good in a two-country m odel of trade where each country’s social planner behaves strategically, we show that the equilibrium levels of infrastructure are sub-optim al from a global perspective. Utilising an appropriate econom etric fram ework and data from 16 European countries over the period 1987-95, we find evidence that accords well with the m ain predictions of our theory. Thus, we are able to offer a plausible theoretical explanation why public capital m ay be undersupplied, as suggested by previous em pirical literature. JEL Classification: F10, F42, H42
An examination of the factors influencing the inclusion of non-manufacturing overhead costs in product costs

Research has not examined the factors influencing the inclusion of non-manufacturing overhead costs in product costs. This paper addresses this deficiency by using the results of questionnaires completed by British management accountants in manufacturing industry to test a logistic regression model of the factors influencing whether or not non-manufacturing overhead costs are included in product costs that are used in decision making. The only significant effect in the logistic regression analysis was for the percentage of non-manufacturing overhead costs to either total costs or total overhead costs, but the result was not in the direction expected. Specifically the smaller the non-manufacturing overhead percentage the more likely were operating units to include non-manufacturing overhead costs in product costs. In addition, there were non-significant effects for the level of competition, product customisation, the influence of financial reporting requirements over product costing and operating unit size, when measured by annual sales revenue or number of employees.
Assessing the Strategy Relevance of Delta Requirements A Bottom-up Feature Generation Approach

Strategic release planning is applied to decide which features to implement in which release to ensure competitive advantage. Therefore, continuously arriving changes to requirements at different levels of abstraction have to be aligned with business strategies. Especially, incrementally developed software systems have to cope with a flow of incoming delta requirements that specify enhancements to existing functionality. It is challenging for product managers to relate delta requirements to business strategies and to assess whether a delta requirement is relevant to business strategies scheduled for a specific release. The major idea of the proposed bottom-up feature generation approach is to handle these delta requirements at feature level to relate them more effectively to business strategies. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, a more detailed description of the already introduced Requirement Abstraction and Solution Model (RASM) to address requirements and solution abstraction. Second, a bottom-up feature generation approach that maintains RASM and which helps to assess the business strategy relevance of continuously arriving delta requirements.
Running Head: Orthographic similarity ratings Brandname confusion: Subjective and objective measures of orthographic similarity

Determining brandname similarity is vital in areas of trademark registration and brand confusion. Students rated the orthographic (spelling) similarity of word pairs (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) and brandname pairs (Experiment 5). Similarity ratings were consistently higher when words shared beginnings rather than endings, whereas shared pronunciation of the stressed vowel had small and less consistent effects on ratings. In Experiment 3 a behavioral task confirmed the similarity of shared beginnings in lexical processing. Specifically, in a task requiring participants to decide whether two words presented in the clear (a probe and a later target) were the same or different, a masked prime word preceding the target shortened response latencies if it shared its initial three letters with the target. The ratings of students for word and brandname pairs were strongly predicted by metrics of orthographic similarity from the visual word identification literature based on the number of shared letters and their relative positions. The results indicate a potential use for orthographic metrics in brandname registration and trademark law.
Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries in the WTO

Abstract In this paper, we examine the theoretical rationale for WTO rules on the special and differential treatment (SDT) of developing countries. We describe a model of bilateral trade between a small country and a large trading partner, in which the small country suffers from a domestic commitment problem in trade policy. This problem arises because investors in the import-competing sector lobby the government to enact and maintain protectionist policies. We show that a reciprocal trade agreement, in which the large country lowers its tariffs conditionally on the small country doing the same, creates a ‘carrot and stick’ mechanisms that helps the small country to overcome its commitment problem. If capacity in the import-competing sector can only be reduced gradually, the agreement may need to allow the small country to delay the implementation of its trade liberalization commitments, in line with SDT provisions in the WTO. Our analysis suggests that, if reconciled with the principle of reciprocity, SDT can help developing countries to liberalize and improve their trading prospects.
Diagnostic value of procalcitomin on pediatric severe infection

Objective: To observe PCT changes of pediatric severe infection, evaluate relations between its diagnostic value and disease severity conditions. Methods: This study observed changes of infantile general bacterial infection, local bacterial infection, viral infection and infants without bacterial infection, relevance between disease severity conditions and PCT according to infantile severe evaluation scores. Results: PCT as bacterial indexes, had statistical differences in body and local bacterial infection (F=1728.67 P 0.05). Conclusion: PCT can differentiate bacterial infection and non-bacterial infection effectively, especially in general bacterial infection, PCT will increase significantly. With local bacterial infection, PCT will increase slightly.
Caring for the adult with intellectual disabilities in the acute care setting

3 Introduction and Background . 4 Problem Statement . 6 Review of the Literature . 6 Theoretical Framework . 13 Project Design and Methods . 15 Settings and Resources . 16 Description of the group, population or community . 16 Organizational analysis of project site . 16 Facilitators and barriers.17 Goals, Objectives and Outcomes . 17 Implementation Plan . 20 Ethics and Human Subjects Protection . 22 Results . 22 Discussion . 23 Conclusion. 27 References . 29 Appendix A . 34 Appendix B. 35 3 CARING FOR THE ADULT WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Abstract The U.S. Surveillance of Health of People with Intellectual Disabilities, A White Paper (2009), reported people with intellectual disability (PWID) are more likely to have complex conditions, limited access, missed cancer screenings, poorly managed chronic conditions, undetected poorThe U.S. Surveillance of Health of People with Intellectual Disabilities, A White Paper (2009), reported people with intellectual disability (PWID) are more likely to have complex conditions, limited access, missed cancer screenings, poorly managed chronic conditions, undetected poor vision, and mental health issues. Research has shown there continues to be a gap in the educational preparation of healthcare providers in the care of people with intellectually disabilities, which contributes to substandard quality of care and increased morbidity and mortality. Best practices for this population include education of the healthcare provider. A quality improvement project aimed at improving the knowledge and practices of acute care nurses caring for adults with intellectual disabilities was conducted at an academic medical center. The purpose of a two-hour educational program provided to nurses was to articulate the best practices in caring for this patient population. Following the education, 94.4% of the attendees were inspired to learn more about the subject and 88.9% reported they would apply the new knowledge to their practice. Increased knowledge and skill set of nurses caring for the intellectually disabled adult in the acute care setting improves the quality of care and has the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality. This program further supports the need for expanding nursing curriculums to include the care of this population across the lifespan.
Brownian Motion of Radioactive Particles: Derivation and Monte Carlo Test of Spatial and Temporal Distributions

Stochastic processes such as diffusion can be analyzed by means of a partial differential equation of the Fokker-Planck type (FPE), which yields a transition probability density, or by a stochastic differential equation of the Langevin type (LE), which yields the time evolution of a statistical process variable. Provided the stochastic process is continuous and certain boundary conditions are met, the two approaches yield equivalent information. However, Brownian motion of radioactively decaying particles is not a continuous process because the Brownian trajectories abruptly terminate when the particle decays. Recent analysis of the Brownian motion of decaying particles by both approaches has led to different mean-square displacements. In this paper, we demonstrate the complete equivalence of the two approaches by 1) showing quantitatively and operationally how the probability densities and statistical moments predicted by the FPE and LE relate to one another, 2) verifying that both approaches lead to identical statistical moments at all orders, and 3) confirming that the analytical solution to the FPE accurately describes the Brownian trajectories obtained by Monte Carlo simulations based on the LE. The analysis in this paper addresses both the spatial distribution of the particles (i.e. the question of displacement as a function of diffusion time) and the temporal distribution (i.e. the question of first-passage time to fixed absorbing boundaries).
Design and test of a grid to reduce bycatch in the longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) trawl fishery

Summary A species separation grid was tested for a squid trawl to reduce finfish bycatch in the Nantucket Sound longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) fishery in southern New England, USA. The experimental trawl with a grid significantly reduces bycatch of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) (76.4%, p 27 cm FL) and larger black sea bass (>37 cm TL), and all summer flounder size-classes. Therefore, this grid design may not be a suitable bycatch reduction device for the Nantucket Sound squid trawl fishery, and further work is needed to understand squid behavior within a trawl to develop a successful bycatch reduction strategy for the New England longfin inshore squid fishery.
Conscious sedation - the only tool in the box?

Introduction In 1990, the Standing Dental Advisory Committee published its influential report, known as the Poswillo Report, on General Anaesthesia, Sedation and Resuscitation in Dentistry, to reduce the risk of fatalities and adverse events within primary care facilities (Poswillo, 1990). The report’s recommendations, and subsequently published guidelines (General Dental Council, 1998), aimed at placing general anaesthesia (GA) for dental procedures within a safer framework. In consequence, the treatment option of choice for dental anxiety and phobia that did not respond to basic behavioural management techniques, is conscious sedation. This paper looks at some underlying assumptions made about the management of dental phobia and the ramifications of this modality as being the preferred method employed with anxious patients.
Deep Learning

Deep learning is a topic in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and is a relatively new research area although based on the popular artificial neural networks (supposedly mirroring brain function). With the development of the perceptron in the 1950s and 1960s by Frank RosenBlatt, research began on artificial neural networks. To further mimic the architectural depth of the brain, researchers wanted to train a deep multilayer neural network – this, however, did not happen until Geoffrey Hinton in 2006 introduced Deep Belief Networks [1].