Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of package type on shelf-life of fresh crab meat.

Microbiological quality of fresh (not pasteurized) crab meat stored at 4°C in a 340 g (12 oz) food grade polyethylene traditional snap-lid container and equally fresh crab meat stored at 4°C in a 227 g (8 oz) SimpleStep ® tray sealed with Cryovac ™ film (oxygen transmission rate of 10,000 cc/m 2 /24 h) was evaluated over a 12-day period. aerobic plate counts were conducted on storage days 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. anaerobic plate counts were conducted on storage days 0, 5 and 12. aerobic plate counts of crab meat from the two containers did not differ (P > 0.05). analysis of anaerobic microbial growth indicates that sampling days were significant ( P 0.05). Oxygen and CO 2 in the package headspace was significantly different between container types (P 0.05). Results of this study demonstrate that there were no significant differences in refrigerated shelf life of crab meat packaged in SimpleStep ® trays with Cryovac ™ film
HPTLC method development & validation for quantification of markers of Dhatrinisha churna.

Abstract Introduction: Dhatrinisha churna has been traditionally used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine and by traditional medical practices of India to treat hyperlipidemia. A sensitive, reliable, selective, precise and accurate densitometric High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting method has been developed for the simultaneous determination and quantification of Curcumin and Ellagic acid in Dhatrinisha churna. Method: Quantification of Curcumin and Ellagic acid were done by developed densitometric HPTLC method. Validation of method performs in order to demonstrate its selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and recovery study. Result: All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients (r2>0.997) within the tested ranges. The chromatogram of Dhatrinisha churna was quantified with respect to Curcumin (1.072% w/w) and Ellagic acid (0.867% w/w). Intra-and inter-day RSDs of retention times and peak areas were less than 1.92%. The recoveries were between 96.60 and 101.40%. Conclusion: A method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of two markers in Dhatrinisha churna. The proposed HPTLC method was found to be simple, precised and accurate and can be used for the quality control of the raw materials as well as formulations.
Performance of the 36 m small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at BATAN, Serpong, Indonesia

A 36 m small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometer (SMARTer) has been installed at the end of a 49 m long neutron guide tube and located in the neutron guide hall at the Neutron Scattering Laboratory (NSL), Serpong, Indonesia. At present, this is the largest SANS spectrometer in the Asia–Pacific region and consists of an 18 m long tube collimation system and another 18 m long tube to accommodate a 128 × 128 3He two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. The detector can be moved continuously from 1.5 to 18 m and can be shifted laterally by 0.1 m to cover a large range of Q, where Q is the magnitude of the scattering vector given by Q = (4\pi /\lambda) \sin (\theta /2), θ is the scattering angle and λ is the wavelength. By selecting the rotational speed of the velocity selector, the incident thermal neutron beam will have a wavelength λ in the range 3–6 A and a Q range of 0.002–0.6 A−1. The maximum neutron flux at the sample position is 4 × 106 neutrons cm−2 s−1. Measurements of some standard samples using SMARTer are reported for inter-laboratory comparisons that show, for the first time, how SMARTer's capabilities compare with those of other prominent SANS instruments.
Improvement of short-circuit current density in dye-sensitized solar cells using sputtered nanocolumnar TiO 2 compact layer

The effect of a nanocolumnar TiO2 compact layer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was examined. Such a compact layer was sputtered on a glass substrate with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film using TiO2 powder as the raw material, with a thickness of ∼100 nm. The compact layer improved the short-circuit current density and the efficiency of conversion of solar energy to electricity by the DSSC by 53.37% and 59.34%, yielding values of 27.33 mA/cm2 and 9.21%, respectively. The performance was attributed to the effective electron pathways in the TiO2 compact layer, which reduced the back reaction by preventing direct contact between the redox electrolyte and the conductive substrate.
Measurement of exchange of CO2 in mangrove forest of Sundarbans using micrometeorological method

Attempt has been made for the individual measurement of CO 2 fluxes in the Sundarban forest and in the water ways near Jambu Island by using micrometeorological method during 12-13 February 1998. The gas fluxes were measured directly over a short enough time period at variable flux controlling conditions. This environment has been found to be sink for CO 2 during study period. A negative linear correlation was obtained between wind speed and CO 2 flux from atmosphere to the forest (F af ). The atmosphere to surface water flux (F aw ) was found to be due to undersaturated condition of water with respect to solubility of CO 2 . Measured values for the fluxes of CO 2 from the atmosphere to the forest and water areas were found to be at a rate of 24 x 10 9 and 16 x 10 6 kg C year -1 , respectively.
Study of plasma-based stable and ultra-wideband electromagnetic wave absorption for stealth application

A plasma-based stable, ultra-wideband electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber structure is studied in this paper for stealth applications. The stability is maintained by a multi-layer structure with several plasma layers and dielectric layers distributed alternately. The plasma in each plasma layer is designed to be uniform, whereas it has a discrete nonuniform distribution from the overall view of the structure. The nonuniform distribution of the plasma is the key to obtaining ultra-wideband wave absorption. A discrete Epstein distribution model is put forward to constrain the nonuniform electron density of the plasma layers, by which the wave absorption range is extended to the ultra-wideband. Then, the scattering matrix method (SMM) is employed to analyze the electromagnetic reflection and absorption of the absorber structure. In the simulation, the validation of the proposed structure and model in ultra-wideband EM wave absorption is first illustrated by comparing the nonuniform plasma model with the uniform case. Then, the influence of various parameters on the EM wave reflection of the plasma are simulated and analyzed in detail, verifying the EM wave absorption performance of the absorber. The proposed structure and model are expected to be superior in some realistic applications, such as supersonic aircraft.
ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NODAL EXACT FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR AXIALLY LOADED PILE IN ELASTO-PLASTIC SOIL

An iterative algorithm to construct a displacement based finite element method for analyzing axially loaded pile embedded in finite depth of elasto-plastic soil is presented. The investigation herein is conducted on the condition of shape function by which exact solutions may be reproduced at the nodal points regarding to a few number of elements. The examined shape functions which satisfy the homogeneous governing equations in elastic and plastic soil through bisection iterative algorithm are introduced to obtain the so-called exact element stiffness matrix via total potential energy principle. Numerical examples of elastostatic pile embedded in elasto-plastic Winkler foundation illustrate the accuracy of proposed element compare with conventional finite element shape functions. Axial force and displacement solutions show very good agreement with data from the available literature i.e. the exact nodal displacement solution is obtained correspond to any point load level even with a single element mesh employed.
Diarrheal diseases among internally home displaced (idps) in khartoum state, Sudan

One hundred diarrheal specimens were collected from Dar-salam and Jabel awlia camps for IDPs during the period from November 2008 to April 2009. The specimens were transported in transport media and inoculated into a variety of selective media, the bacteria were identified later using API 20E, biochemical tests and slide agglutination test as a serotyping method. The results showed that Escherichia coli represent 72%, Shigella species represented 8%, Shigella sonnei alone represented 5% of them and was sensitive to Tetracycline, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin while the rest was Shigella dysentraie which was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin and Cotrimoxazol. Salmonella paratyphi C represent only 1% and was sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin, Yersinia enterocolitica also have 1% infection rate and was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol, while Campylobacter species composed 4% and was sensitive to Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Foreign Aid, External Debt and Economic Growth Nexus in Low-Income Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality

Institutional quality plays an important role in promoting economic development of a nation. Foreign capital can work efficiently and its productivity will be high if the quality of institution is good. This study attempts to investigate empirically the impact of external debt and foreign aid on economic growth by taking into consideration the quality of institution in terms of effective governance. Annual data for the period 1984 to 2010 has been taken from a panel of sixty developing countries. Empirical results indicate that the good governance and foreign aid affect the economic growth positively while that of external debt has a negative impact. These results are robust for various alternative specifications.
A Framework for Delivering e-Government Support

This paper gives a solution for improving e-Government services based on a hybrid approach: multilayered clustering of e-government documents based on fuzzy concepts and application of different text similarity measures. The goal is to reduce time between citizen’s questions and government feedback, either completely eliminating or at least minimizing the deployment of subject matter experts. After the problem description, the paper describes step by step the functionality of the proposed system. At the end, concluding remarks emphasize some important features of the given approach and potential for future research.
MAC Layer Outage Probability of Bounded Ad Hoc Networks

We consider a bounded square-shaped ad hoc network scenario, within which packet arrivals are distributed randomly in space and time according to a 3-dimensional Poisson Point Process. Each packet is transmitted over a single hop to its destination, located a fixed distance away. Within this context, the outage probability of the ALOHA and CSMA protocols is derived, and we evaluate the impact of edge effects in space on the performance of MAC protocols. Our analytical expressions are verified with Monte Carlo simulations. The behavior of the network is evaluated as the system parameters, such as the node density, the physical size of the network, and the distance between each transmitter and its receiver, vary. Furthermore, the obtained results are compared to those of unbounded networks, showing that edge effects reduce the average outage probability across the network significantly, due to the lower level of interference suffered by boundary nodes.
Energy Optimal Trajectories in Human Arm Motion Aiming for Assistive Robots

The energy expenditure in human arm has been of great interests for seeking optimal human arm trajectories. This paper presents a new way for calculating metabolic energy consumption of human arm motions. The purpose is to reveal the relationship between the energy consumption and the trajectory of arm motion, and further, the acceleration and arm orientation contributions. Human arm motion in horizontal plane is investigated by virtue of Qualisys motion capture system. The motion data is post-processed by a biomechanical model to obtain the metabolic expenditure. Results on the arm motion kinematics, dynamics and metabolic energy consumption, are included.
Time Domain Boundary Element Methods for the Neumann Problem: Error Estimates and Acoustic Problems

Heiko Gimperlein Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Department of Mathematics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom, and Institute for Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany Email: h.gimperlein@hw.ac. uk Ceyhun Özdemir Institute of Applied Mathematics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany Email: oezdemir@ifam.uni-hannover.de Ernst P. Stephan Institute of Applied Mathematics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany Email: stephan@ifam.uni-hannover.de
Interactive comment on “ Hydrological model assessment for flood early warning in a tropical high mountain basin ” by M . C . Rogelis

reliable basis for model selection for flood early warning in the selected Colombian basin. However, comparison of different types of rainfall-runoff model has been a constant and classical topic in hydrological research fields, as many similar works have been carried out, for instance recently the research done by Orth et al (2015), where additional soil moisture validation in hydrological model is accounted for and more catchments with different climate regimes are investigated. In general, there is no noteworthy innovation in theory or method except for reinventing the wheel. (2)The time and energy that the authors put into the whole preparation of this manuscript are always to be appreciated.
What will blue compact dwarf galaxies evolve into

We present and analyse the photometric properties of a nearly complete sample of blue compact dwarf (BCD) and irregular galaxies in the Virgo cluster from multi-band SDSS images. Our study intends to shed light on the ongoing debate of whether a structural evolution from present-day star-forming dwarf galaxies in a cluster environment into ordinary early-type dwarf galaxies is possible based on the structural properties. For this purpose, we decompose the surface brightness profiles of the BCDs into the luminosity contribution of the starburst component and that of their underlying low surface brightness (LSB) host. The latter dominates the stellar mass of the BCD. We find that the LSB-components of the Virgo BCDs are structurally compatible with the more compact half of the Virgo early-type dwarfs, except for a few extreme BCDs. Thus, after termination of starburst activity, the BCDs will presumably fade into galaxies that are structurally similar to ordinary early-type dwarfs. In contrast, the irregulars are more diffuse than the BCDs and are structurally similar to the more diffuse half of the Virgo early-type dwarfs. Therefore, the present-day Virgo irregulars are not simply non-starbursting BCDs. If starbursts in cluster BCDs are transient phenomena with a duration of ∼100 Myr or less, during which the galaxies could not travel more than ∼100 kpc, then a substantial number of non-starbursting counterparts of these systems must populate the same spatial volume, namely the Virgo cluster outskirts. The majority of them would have to be early-type dwarfs, based on the abundance of different galaxy types with similar colours and structural parameters to the LSB-components of the BCDs. However, most Virgo BCDs have redder LSB-host colours and a less prominent starburst than typical field BCDs, preventing a robust conclusion on possible oscillations between BCDs and early-type dwarfs.
Fingerprinting and identification of bacteria present in UASB granules used to treat winery, brewery, distillery or peach-lye canning wastewater

The effective operation of the anaerobic digestion process in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor is dependent on the microbial composition of the UASB granules. The granules contain a consortium of bacteria, with a specific metabolic function for each group, contributing to the overall efficiency and stability of the bioreactor. The aim of this study was to fingerprint and identify the bacteria present in four different types of South African UASB granules that are used to treat winery, brewery, distillery and peach-lye canning wastewaters. This was done by combining conventional microbiological platings with PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequence analysis. Each granule type showed distinct PCR-based DGGE fingerprints with unique bands, while other bands were found to be present in all the granules, regardless of the wastewater being treated. Sixty-eight different bacteria (40 pure isolates and 28 clones) were partially sequenced and identified from the winery, brewery, distillery and peach-lye canning granules. Thirty-five percent of the identified bacteria represented the unculturable bacteria and 65% represented the culturable bacteria, which included members of the following genera: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Alcaligenes, Clostridium, Shewanella, Microbacterium, Leuconostoc, Sulfurospirillum, Acidaminococcus, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Nitrospira, Synergistes, Rhodococcus, Rhodocyclus and Syntrophobacter. A DGGE marker was successfully constructed, representing members of the bacterial consortium in UASB granules.
Macroeconomics with Heterogeneity: A Practical Guide

This article reviews macroeconomic models with heterogeneous households. A key question for the relevance of these models concerns the degree to which markets are complete. This is because the existence of complete markets imposes restrictions on (i) how much heterogeneity matters for aggregate phenomena and (ii) the types of cross-sectional distributions that can be obtained. The degree of market incompleteness, in turn, depends on two factors: (i) the richness of insurance opportunities provided by the economic environment and (ii) the nature and magnitude of idiosyncratic risks to be insured. First, I review a broad collection of empirical evidence--from econometric tests of "full insurance," to quantitative and empirical analyses of the permanent income ("self-insurance") model that examine how it fits the facts about life cycle allocations, to studies that try to directly measure where economies place between these two benchmarks ("partial insurance"). The empirical evidence I survey reveals significant uncertainty in the profession regarding the magnitudes of idiosyncratic risks as well as whether or not these risks have increased since the 1970s. An important difficulty stems from the fact that inequality often arises from a mixture of idiosyncratic risk and fixed (or predictable) heterogeneity, making the two challenging to disentangle. I also discuss applications of incomplete markets models to trends in wealth, consumption, and earnings inequality both over the life cycle and over time, where this challenge is evident. Third, I discuss "approximate" aggregation--the finding that some incomplete markets models generate aggregate implications very similar to representative-agent models. What approximate aggregation does and does not imply is illustrated through several examples. Finally, I discuss some computational issues relevant for solving and calibrating such models and I provide a simple yet fully parallelizable global optimization algorithm that can be used to calibrate heterogeneous agent models.
Process platform representation based on Unified Modelling Language

Today's manufacturing companies have strived to develop a large variety of customer-specified products in an effort to survive and stay competitive. Process platforms have been well recognized as a means for companies to obtain a stable production and thus the economy of scale. A process platform assists companies in configuring similar production processes for producing families of customized products at low costs through managing product and process variety coherently. Within a process platform, all data related to the product and process families are unified as a common generic structure. To shed light on the various constituent elements and complex relationships inherent in a process platform, this paper emphasizes the structural representation of a process platform. A formalism of process platform representation is developed based on the Unified Modelling Language. It consists of a generic product structure, a generic process structure and an integrated generic routing structure. Also reported is a case study of vibration motors for hand phones.
B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Cutpoint for Assessing Heart Failure (HF) Patients' Readmission Within 6 months from an Index Hospitalization

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum BNP cutpoint to assess the risk of readmission of HF patients within 6 months from an index HF hospitalization. Heart Failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with a global prevalence estimated at 16 million people. Understanding its risk factors and predictors will help identify patients at high risk of re-hospitalization and death. We identified 1,255 HF patients with IDC-9 codes 428.X for HF admitted to a Veterans’ hospital between January 2004 and December 2009. Those with at least 2 HF-specific admissions were assessed using C-statistic to determine the optimum BNP cutpoint. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of readmission of the patients. C-statistic value of 0.56 shows an optimum BNP cutpoint at 500 with a p -value of 0.006. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards significantly shows that BNP cutpoint value at 500 can predict the risk of readmission of HF patients while adjusting for patients’ age at the first admission. For our population, cut point at 500pg per millimeter is the optimum cutpoint to dichotomize BNP and this cutpoint shows that patients with a BNP value greater than 500 are 1.7 times likely to be readmitted with 6 months post discharge compared to patients with a BNP value less than 500. These results could help clinicians to identify patients at high-risk for re-admission based on their BNP level and provide more intense treatment of their HF.
Mixed-Mode Contacts In Web Surveys Paper is Not Necessarily Better

This paper investigates the impact of paper and email contacts on web survey response rates. We use six combinations of paper and email prenotifications and reminders to test the impact of mixed-mode contacts. In addition, we use two survey samples that differ in their relationship with the sponsoring institution to test if the impact of contact mode is conditional on relationship between respondents and the survey researchers. Contrary to previous research, we find little differences in response rates across experimental groups.
Preparation of Palladium-Impregnated Ceria by Metal Complex Decomposition for Methane Steam Reforming Catalysis

Palladium-impregnated ceria materials were successfully prepared via an integrated procedure between a metal complex decomposition method and a microwave-assisted wetness impregnation. Firstly, ceria (CeO2) powders were synthesized by thermal decomposition of cerium(III) complexes prepared by using cerium(III) nitrate or cerium(III) chloride as a metal source to form a metal complex precursor with triethanolamine or benzoxazine dimer as an organic ligand. Palladium(II) nitrate was consequently introduced to the preformed ceria materials using wetness impregnation while applying microwave irradiation to assist dispersion of the dopant. The palladium-impregnated ceria materials were obtained by calcination under reduced atmosphere of 10% H2 in He stream at 700°C for 2 h. Characterization of the palladium-impregnated ceria materials reveals the influences of the metal complex precursors on the properties of the obtained materials. Interestingly, the palladium-impregnated ceria prepared from the cerium(III)-benzoxazine dimer complex revealed significantly higher BET specific surface area and higher content of the more active Pdδ