Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of Taurine Transporter and Zinc Transporters in Rat Retinal Cells and Tissue. Effect of Intracelular Zinc Chelation.

Possible colocalization of taurine and zinc transporters (TAUT, ZnT) has not been explored in the retina, although taurine-zinc interactions plays physiological and pathological roles. The objectives of the present work were to identify TAUT and ZnT-1,3,7 in rat retinal cells and layers, and to explore effects of decreased zinc on them by immunochemistry and immunohistochemistry respectively. Specific first antibodies and secondary antibodies, conjugated with rhodamine or fluoresceine-isothiocyanate, were used. Observations were done in a Nikon DIC fluorescence microscope. About 300 cells were counted per condition, and each value corresponded to an individual rat. From total retinal cells, ganglion cells (GC) were 12-15%, and glial cells (GliC) 20-25%. TAUT and ZnT-1,3,7 were in 32, 29, 28 and 29% of total cells, respectively. TAUT, ZnT-1,3,7 were located in 64, 63, 53 and 72% of GC, and 57, 66, 82 and 66% of GliC, respectively. Significantly higher number of GC expressed ZnT-3 than GliC. Colocalization of TAUT and ZnT-1,3,7 was around 20%. Highest presence of TAUT was in photoreceptors, internal nuclear, and ganglion cells layers. ZnT-1,3 were mainly concentrated in photoreceptors, outer plexiform, and ganglion cells layers. ZnT-7 was high in photoreceptor and outer nuclear layers. The reduction of zinc, by intracellular chelator (19-39%) in retina, significantly decreased TAUT in all layers, except photoreceptors, indicating that the presence of zinc is necessary for its maintenance in this structure. Differential distribution correlates taurine and zinc with prospective functional consequences, such as emission of neurites, metabolic regulation, and signal transduction of the retina.
Two-stage growth mode for lift-off mechanism in oblique shock-wave/jet interaction

The lift-off characteristics of supersonic streamwise vortex in oblique shock-wave/jet interaction (OS/JI for short), extracted from a wall-mount ramp injector in scramjet, is studied through Large-eddy simulation method. Shocked helium jet is deformed into a pair of streamwise vortex with a co-rotating companion vortex showing the lift-off characteristic immediately after shock. Based on the objective coordinate system in frame of oblique shock structure, it is found that the nature of three-dimensional lift-off structure of a shockinduced streamwise vortex is inherently and precisely controlled by a two-stage growth mode of structure kinetics of a shock bubble interaction (SBI for short). The striking similar structures between OS/JI and SBI support the proposition that the lift-off of streamwise vortex is the result of a underlying two-dimensional vortical motion. By considering the first stage impulsive linear growth rate, an improved vortex propagation model suitable for SBI is proposed and validated. The lift-off phenomena of both numerical OS/JI case in this paper and wall-mounted ramp injector cases in literature are well explained under the two-stage structure kinetics model of SBI. This model further predicts that for higher free stream Mach number (M > 5), increasing ramp compression shows little effect on elevating streamwise vortex while evident lift-off may occur for lower Mach number (M < 3.5), which offers the new way for preliminary design of streamwise vortex-based ramp injector in scramjet.
Modelling copepod development: current limitations and a new realistic approach

To predict the influence of environmental variability on copepod dynamics and production, models must account for the effects of temperature and food on stage-dependent time-scales. Here, data for development-time means and variance of Calanus finmarchicus are used to quantify the limitations of existing models. Weight-based individual models are sensitive to uncertain parameters, such as moulting weights, assimilation efficiency, and environmental dependencies, making them highly difficult to calibrate. The accuracy of stage-based population models using ordinary differential equations depends on model structure, with some predicted generation times being incorrect by months. Even when large numbers of age classes are used to reduce modelled variability, it is not possible to make variability consistent with the data. Accuracy of mean times for stage-based population models using difference equations requires a small time-step, which results in large numbers of age classes and modelled variability that is underestimated by orders of magnitude, unless a probabilistic moult fraction is used. We present a new stage-based individual model that avoids the limitations of other models and successfully represents C. finmarchicus mean development timing and associated variability. This approach can be adapted easily for other species, as well as dynamic environmental conditions.
Prenatal Histogenesis of Human Spleen

Human spleen is an organ of anatomic and functional component of reticuloendothelial system. Spleen is situated in left hypochondrial region. It is soft friable, highly vascular and dark purple in colour. Histogenesis of spleen Studied in 50 fetuses of various gestational ages ranging from 11weeks to 38weeks.
Vascularized tendon graft to the central slip using a finger fillet flap

Abstract Burn boutonniere deformity (BBD) treatment remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery. Severe hand defects after burn/trauma may be reconstructed with nonsalvageable or amputated tissue. The fillet flap (FF) is generally used as “spare parts” in the trauma algorithm for mangled extremities. This case study examines the use of a FF with concurrent repair of the adjacent finger extensor tendon with the amputated finger flexor tendon after burn injury. The goal is to provide adequate tissue coverage using a finger FF while concurrently reconstructing the central slip of the extensor tendon with the transposed flexor tendon from an adjacent nonfunctional digit. After reconstruction, no subluxation of the extensor tendon occurred with manipulation. Despite prolonged rehabilitation due to injuries, the surgical site healed appropriately. Single-stage FF reconstruction with vascularized tendon grafts should be considered in selected patients with BBD. This novel idea can be applied to the management of traumatized extremities.
How Does Knowledge About an Artist’s Disability Change the Aesthetic Experience?

Based on concepts of cognitive mastering and the rewarding effect of making sense of challenging visual art (taken from a psychological model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments of Leder et al., 2004), we hypothesised that viewers who have knowledge about an artist’s disability will appreciate their ambiguous works more than viewers who do not have such knowledge. Additionally, we aimed to explore how information about the artist’s disability changes the viewer’s aesthetic emotions. We investigated the effect of information on the creator’s visual disability on aesthetic experience in relation to three categories of visual art: photos, sculptures, and drawings. We showed digital reproductions of artworks (N = 32) produced by amateur artists with severe visual impairment to nonexperts in art (N = 145). Viewers assessed their aesthetic appreciation (understood as liking and value) and aesthetic emotions on the Self-Assessment Manikin scales for valence, arousal, dominance, origin, and significance. In accordance with our hypothesis, knowledge of the artists' disability had a positive influence on appreciation, but the effect of information was moderated by artwork category and was significant only in the case of sculptures and drawings (works created using these techniques were assessed in the preliminary study as more difficult to interpret than photos). A similar pattern of results was found for the dependent variables of arousal and significance. Therefore, the positive influence of information about the artists' disabilities on aesthetic experience is mainly revealed when the artworks are characterised by low detectability (defined as the difficulty in interpreting an artwork due to difficulty in recognizing what it depicts).
Cloricromene conjugates with short‐chain alkylamino acids: synthesis and biological evaluation

Lipophilic amide conjugates of cloricromene (AD6) with alkylamino acids were designed in order to improve their central nervous system efficacy and to obtain more stable molecules in the bloodstream. In vivo effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α plasma levels in Sprague‐Dawley rats subjected to endotoxic shock, induced by administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) along with AD6 or its amide conjugates, were evaluated to assess whether the modification of the drug's carboxylic moiety through an amide bond would affect its pharmacological activity. LPS (4 mg kg−1 iv) elicited a time‐dependent decrease in MAP. Administration of AD6 conjugates 1 h prior to LPS delayed the development of late‐phase hypotension. LPS‐induced increases in TNF‐α plasma levels were also inhibited by the tested conjugates, with efficacies close to that of free AD6. In vitro stability studies of the conjugates indicated that they did not degrade rapidly into AD6 in the culture medium, suggesting that the observed effects can be ascribed to the conjugates themselves, and not to the cloricromene released after their hydrolytic degradation. Drug Dev. Res. 57:115–121, © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Municipal Solid Waste Heavy Fraction for Production of Turfgrass Sod

Additional index words. Cynodon dactylon, Poa pratensis, garbage Abstract. The "heavy fraction" portion of a municipal solid waste separation process was evaluated in field experiments as a soil amendment for producing turfgrass sod. Soil organic matter and concentrations of extractable NO3-N, P, K, Ca, and Zn in the soil increased with addition of heavy fraction. Soil incorporation of heavy fraction resulted in greater air, water, and total porosity and lower bulk density of a loamy sandy soil. Sod strength measurements taken 8.5 and 9.5 months after seeding were higher for Kentucky bluegrass (Poaprutensis L.) grown in heavy-fraction-amended topsoil than for turf grown in topsoil only. The use of this by-product may reduce the time required to produce a marketable sod. Soil incorporation of heavy fraction did not influence post-transplant rooting of Kentucky bluegrass sod but enhanced rooting of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ) sod at the highest rate evaluated. Results of these studies suggest that the use of heavy fraction for sod production may provide cultural benefits in addition to reducing the volume of solid waste deposited in landfills.
Genetic Relationships Among Five Basic Genomes St, E, A, B and D in Triticeae Revealed by Genomic Southern and in situ Hybridization

The St and E are two important basic genomes in the perennial tribe Triticeae (Poaceae). They exist in many perennial species and are very closely related to the A, B and D genomes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genomic Southern hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were used to analyze the genomic relationships between the two genomes (St and E) and the three basic genomes (A, B and D) of T. aestivum. The semi-quantitative analysis of the Southern hybridization suggested that both St and E genomes are most closely related to the D genome, then the A genome, and relatively distant to the B genome. GISH analysis using St and E genomic DNA as probes further confirmed the conclusion. St and E are the two basic genomes of Thinopyrum ponticum (StStE e E b E x )a ndTh. intermedium (StE e E b ), two perennial species successfully used in wheat improvement. Therefore, this paper provides a possible answer as to why most of the spontaneous wheat-Thinopyrum translocations and substitutions usually happen in the D genome, some in the A genome and rarely in the B genome. This would develop further use of alien species for wheat improvement, especially those containing St or E in their genome components.
The impact of Spodoptera exigua herbivory on Meloidogyne incognita-induced root responses depends on the nematodes’ life cycle stages

Abstract Induced responses to above-ground and below-ground herbivores may interact via systemic signalling in plants. We investigated whether the impact of above-ground herbivory on root-knot nematode-induced responses depends on the nematode’s life cycle stages. Tomato plants were infected with the nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) for 5, 15 or 30 days before receiving Spodoptera exigua caterpillars above-ground. We collected root materials after 24 h of caterpillar feeding. We investigated phytohormones and α-tomatine levels, and the expression of defence and glycoalkaloid metabolism (GAME) marker genes in tomato roots. Nematode infection alone increased the endogenous root levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), α-tomatine and the expression of the GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 1 (GAME1) gene mostly at 30 days post-nematode inoculation. Caterpillar feeding alone upregulated Lipoxygenase D and downregulated Basic-β-1-glucanase and GAME1 expression in roots. On nematode-infected plants, caterpillar feeding decreased JA levels, but it increased the expression of Leucine aminopeptidase A. The induction patterns of ABA and SA suggest that caterpillars cause cross-talk between the JA-signalling pathway and the SA and ABA pathways. Our results show that caterpillar feeding attenuated the induction of the JA pathway triggered by nematodes, mostly in the nematodes’ reproduction stage. These results generate a better understanding of the molecular and chemical mechanisms underlying frequent nematode–plant–caterpillar interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Nutrient cycling in two south-east Brazilian forests. I Litterfall and litter standing crop

ABSTRACT Litterfall (leaves, woody < 5 cm diameter, flowers and fruits) was estimated monthly using 20 litter traps, each 1 m2, and litter standing crops were collected every three months using 20 samples of 0 5 m2, for Altitudinal forest (AF) and Semideciduous forest (SF) in south-east Brazil (Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, Sāo Paulo State) from March 1985 to March 1986 The total litterfall was 7 t ha−1 for AF: 4 9 leaves, 1 8 woody, 0 13 flower, 0 16 fruits; and the total for SF was 8 6 t ha−1 y−1: 5 5 leaves, 2 1 woody, 0 5 flower, 0 4 fruits Litter standing crop was 5 5 t ha−1 y−1 for the two forest sites studied with a turnover coefficient (K1) of 1 3 for AF and 1 6 for SF Litterfall occurred throughout the year but was greater during the dry season (August–September); seasonality of litter and leaf fall was greater in SF than in AF but in both followed the litterfall patterns of other southeast Brazilian forests
Interprofessional Management of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (Dunbar Syndrome) Related to Lumbar Lordosis and Hip Dysplasia: A Patient’s Perspective

We present a 53-year-old female patient with median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS), also known as Dunbar syndrome or celiac artery compression syndrome, related to lumbar lordosis and hip dysplasia. She utilized interprofessional management strategies, which were beneficial in reducing lumbar lordosis and MALS-related symptoms. This finding is important because there are no other reports in the literature describing interprofessional strategies to manage symptoms for patients who are waiting for surgery or are not candidates for surgery. LEARNING POINTS Excessive lumbar lordosis is related to the development of median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) due to the greater distance the median arcuate ligament stretches around the vertebral curves, causing compression of the celiac nerves and artery. It is important to consider the effects MALS has on multiple body systems when diagnosing and developing symptom management strategies. Referrals to interprofessional team members can help the patient manage the vast array of symptoms related to MALS.
Effect of LASER therapy Vs conventional techniques on clinical and radiographic outcomes of deciduous molar pulpotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background To systematically review the effectiveness primary molar pulpotomy based on the clinical and radiographic outcomes using lasers over the conventional therapies. Material and Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included Randomized or Quasi-randomized trials comparing LASER with conventional pulpotomy therapies (formocresol, ferric sulphate, MTA or calcium hydroxide) with atleast 6-month follow-up period was included. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed and metanalysis was done using RevMan software. Results Of the 1383 articles that were searched, only 14 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 10 for meta- analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical success rate [OR 0.99, 95%CI (0.19,5.22)] or radiographic success rate [OR 0.77, 95%CI (0.31,1.87)] of LASER therapy compared to Formocresol in primary molar pulpotomy for 6 months. No statistically significant difference were found in clinical success rate [OR 1.04, 95%CI (0.35,3.07)] and radiographic success rate [OR 0.71, 95%CI (0.37,1.35)] at 12 month follow-up also. Comparison of LASER with Ferric Sulphate also did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusions Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes of LASER pulpotomy with conventional pulpotomy (formocresol and ferric sulphate) at 6 and 12 months follow-up. However, there was considerable risk of bias in the included studies. Key words:Pulp therapy, Laser, formocresol.
Preliminary assessment of the genetic diversity in Lamyropsis microcephala (Asteraceae)

Endangered species with small and isolated populations has been a key topic of conservation biology studies in the last decade. Lamyropsis microcephala is among the most significant narrow endemic plants in the Mediterranean region, lying on the Gennargentu massif of the Sardinia island (Italy). Due to heavy threat factors, this species has rapidly become threatened with extinction. The inter-simple sequence repeat technique was used to assess the genetic variation and structure of the individuals growing in the four remnant localities known to date, with the aim to implement further conservation strategies. Results indicated a degree of differentiation among the four subpopulations, in particular for the Fonni one. The estimates of Nei's genetic diversity (H) ranged from 0.0563 (Fonni) and 0.1104 (Bau ‘e Laccos). Analysis of molecular variance values showed that 53% of the total variation may be attributed to the individuals within subpopulations, while 47% is due to differences among subpopulations (P < 0.001). Results also highlighted a scarce gene flow (Nm = 0.503).
Identification of Phytoplasmas Associated with Grapevine Yellows in Serbia

The molecular identification and characterization of phytoplasmas from infected grapevines in four loca- tions in Serbia are reported. Phytoplasmas were detec- ted and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified 16S rDNA. Grapevine yel- lows were associated with three molecularly distinguish- able phytoplasmas: Flavescence doree phytoplasmas (elm yellows group: 16SrV-C subgroup) were present only in the Zupa Aleksandrovac region; Bois noir phy- toplasmas (stolbur group: 16SrXII-A subgroup) were detected in the other surveyed regions; a mixed infec- tion of European stone fruit yellows (apple prolifer- ation group: 16SrX-B subgroup) and Bois noir phytoplasmas was identified in one sample. A finer molecular characterization by RFLP analysis of rpS3 and SecY genes of Flavescence doree phytoplasmas from Zupa Aleksandrovac confirmed that the Serbian genotype is indistinguishable from a strain from the Veneto region, Italy. Characterization of the tuf gene of Bois noir phytoplasmas showed lack of amplification of samples from Erdevik. HpaII profiles of tuf gene PCR products of samples from Pali and Radmilovac were identical, and were indistinguishable from one of the two profiles produced by samples from Italian grape- vines used as reference strains.
Neural Correlates of Phonetic Adaptation as Induced by Lexical and Audiovisual Context

Abstract When speech perception is difficult, one way listeners adjust is by reconfiguring phoneme category boundaries, drawing on contextual information. Both lexical knowledge and lipreading cues are used in this way, but it remains unknown whether these two differing forms of perceptual learning are similar at a neural level. This study compared phoneme boundary adjustments driven by lexical or audiovisual cues, using ultra-high-field 7-T fMRI. During imaging, participants heard exposure stimuli and test stimuli. Exposure stimuli for lexical retuning were audio recordings of words, and those for audiovisual recalibration were audio–video recordings of lip movements during utterances of pseudowords. Test stimuli were ambiguous phonetic strings presented without context, and listeners reported what phoneme they heard. Reports reflected phoneme biases in preceding exposure blocks (e.g., more reported /p/ after /p/-biased exposure). Analysis of corresponding brain responses indicated that both forms of cue use were associated with a network of activity across the temporal cortex, plus parietal, insula, and motor areas. Audiovisual recalibration also elicited significant occipital cortex activity despite the lack of visual stimuli. Activity levels in several ROIs also covaried with strength of audiovisual recalibration, with greater activity accompanying larger recalibration shifts. Similar activation patterns appeared for lexical retuning, but here, no significant ROIs were identified. Audiovisual and lexical forms of perceptual learning thus induce largely similar brain response patterns. However, audiovisual recalibration involves additional visual cortex contributions, suggesting that previously acquired visual information (on lip movements) is retrieved and deployed to disambiguate auditory perception.
Lexical Information Guides Retuning of Neural Patterns in Perceptual Learning for Speech

Abstract A listener's interpretation of a given speech sound can vary probabilistically from moment to moment. Previous experience (i.e., the contexts in which one has encountered an ambiguous sound) can further influence the interpretation of speech, a phenomenon known as perceptual learning for speech. This study used multivoxel pattern analysis to query how neural patterns reflect perceptual learning, leveraging archival fMRI data from a lexically guided perceptual learning study conducted by Myers and Mesite [Myers, E. B. , & Mesite, L. M. Neural systems underlying perceptual adjustment to non-standard speech tokens. Journal of Memory and Language, 76, 80–93, 2014]. In that study, participants first heard ambiguous /s/–/∫/ blends in either /s/-biased lexical contexts (epi_ode) or /∫/-biased contexts (refre_ing); subsequently, they performed a phonetic categorization task on tokens from an /asi/–/a∫i/ continuum. In the current work, a classifier was trained to distinguish between phonetic categorization trials in which participants heard unambiguous productions of /s/ and those in which they heard unambiguous productions of /∫/. The classifier was able to generalize this training to ambiguous tokens from the middle of the continuum on the basis of individual participants' trial-by-trial perception. We take these findings as evidence that perceptual learning for speech involves neural recalibration, such that the pattern of activation approximates the perceived category. Exploratory analyses showed that left parietal regions (supramarginal and angular gyri) and right temporal regions (superior, middle, and transverse temporal gyri) were most informative for categorization. Overall, our results inform an understanding of how moment-to-moment variability in speech perception is encoded in the brain.