Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molekulare Evolution der metabolisch relevanten Gene MTNR1B (Melatoninrezeptor 1B) und FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity Associated)

Aims Several polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1B gene (MTNR1B) have been shown to be associated with elevated fasting plasmaglucose and impaired early insulin release. The aimof this studywas to assess the effects ofMTNR1B variants on traits related to the metabolic syndrome in the self-contained population of Sorbs from Germany. As comprehensive studies concerning the conservationofMTNR1B are lacking,wealso evaluatednatural selection in vertebrates andhumanpopulations at this locus. Methods Five single nucleotide polymorphisms representing all blocks of linkage disequilibriumwithin and surrounding the MTNR1B locus were genotyped in 937 Sorbs for association analyses on metabolic traits related to Type 2 diabetes. The associationswere assessed by regression analyses, the conservation between specieswas investigatedwith phylogenetic analysis bymaximumlikelihood (PAML). Inaddition, various testsof populationgeneticmeasures (e.g. fixation index,Tajima’sD)were performed. Results Previously reported associationbetweenMTNR1Bvariants (rs10830963, rs4753426) andoral glucose tolerance testderived indices of b-cell function (homeostasis model assessment-B, P = 3.7 · 10 and P = 0.004, respectively), as well as insulin (fasting insulin: P = 2 · 10 and P = 0.02; 30-min insulin: P = 2.1 · 10 and P = 0.03, respectively) and fasting glucose (rs10830963, P = 1.2 · 10) parameters could be replicated in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood analyses showed that the gene was strongly conserved between species (x = 0.2583). Structures important for the receptor function are also conserved.On the lineage leading to human adaptive selectionwas present (x = 1.1030). Population genetic measures further indicated natural selection. Conclusions Our data support the physiologic importance of MTNR1B in the context of glucose homeostasis and suggest evidence of selection at this locus. Diabet. Med. 28, 1373–1380 (2011)
How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest? 1

There are concerns about the effect of increasing resource extraction and other human activities on the soils and vegetation of the boreal zone. The review covers published papers between 1974 and 2012 to assess the effects of natural disturbances and human activities on soils and tree nutrition and growth of the Canadian boreal zone. Changes in soil and foliar nutrients following disturbance were also analyzed by meta-analysis. When sufficient replicated studies were not available for a given disturbance or nutrient, response assessments or narrative summaries are presented. The majority of fertilization studies in the boreal zone showed a positive tree growth response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization either individually or in combination. Large amounts of N may be lost through volatilization following fire depending on the severity and frequency of the fire. This may contribute to N limitation in the boreal zone. Available soil P and extractable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased in the surface horizons following fire. In contrast, extractable P decreased following harvest. Harvesting had no effect on total or inorganic N except in mixedwoods where total N decreased in the surface organic horizon following harvest. These are potential areas of concern given tree growth responses to N and P fertilization. Potassium (K) in the forest floor did not change following fire or harvesting; thus, K availability for tree nutrition should not be at risk, since its cycle is rapidly restored. Mercury (Hg) cycling may be altered in the boreal zone as a result of flooding and if fire return intervals and intensities increase. Interactions of multiple disturbances may increase the risk of nutrient depletions, but there is currently little information on these interactions in the boreal zone. Evidence to date suggests the soils of the Canadian boreal zone have not been adversely affected except in localized areas. However, there is the risk of nutrient loss if soils are not considered in our forest management strategies, particularly where multiple disturbances may interact. The potential for off-site movement of nutrients and contam- inants into the atmospheric and aquatic ecosystems, in addition to on-site environmental issues, is also a concern.
Changes in Chemical Contents and Enzyme Activities during Embryonic Development of Bluefin Tuna

protein gradually increased, but free amino acid decreased with the development. Triacylglycerole (TG), a main egg constituent of 420 mg/g dry egg at the stage of early cleavage, rapidly decreased after the stage of late gastrula and reached 140 mg/g dry egg justbefore hatching. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase fellbetween the stages of early cleavage and Kupffer's vesicle and rose thereafter. Activities of alkaline phosphatase remained high until embryo formation but fell rapidly thereafter. These results indicate that TG plays an important role as a main energy fuel, and that the differentiation and formation of organs are
Microsatellite DNA markers for the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus F.

Six microsatellite DNA loci were isolated from the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus F. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) to study population structure. Each locus was polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from three to six. Observed heterozygosity varied between 0.20 and 0.67. All six loci were tested for amplification in the closely related P. quadrifoveolatus and they were shown to be polymorphic. The primers developed were used in multiplex polymerase chain reactions.
Gene mapping, imprinting, and epigenetics

In this review, methods for linkage and association analysis are presented that take imprinting into account. This epigenetic factor is also known as the parent-of-origin effect. Here, it is described why it is important to adequately model imprinting in the context of gene mapping. Tests for linkage that account for imprinting are contrasted with tests for imprinting. Furthermore, the confounding between sex differences in recombination fractions and imprinting is mentioned, as well as how such confounding can be avoided in a mapping study. Keywords: linkage analysis; parametric and nonparametric analysis; association analysis; parent-of-origin effect; sex-specific recombination fractions
Influence of native and processed cereal grain fibers on gut health

2 Acknowledgements . iv Preface . v List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii Chapter 1 . Modulating the gut microbiota using native and processed cereal grain fibers . 1 1. Abstract . 1 2. Gut microbiota . 1 3. The role of the gut microbiota in human physiology . 2 3.1. Gut microbiota and food/xenobiotic metabolism. 2 3.2. Gut microbiota and metabolic diseases. 3 3.2. 1. Gut microbiota and obesity . 3 3.2. 2. Gut microbiota and type-2 diabetes . 6 3.3. Gut microbiota and colonization resistance . 7 4. Impacts of cereal fibers on gut microbiota . 7 5. Novel processing treatments for cereal grains that might improve the fermentation properties of the dietary fibers . 10 5.1. Enzymatic treatment . 10 5.2. Hydrothermal treatment . 11 5.3. Extrusion . 11 5.4. Chemical extraction . 12 5.5. Supercritical CO2 treatment . 12 5.6. Ozonolysis treatment . 12 6. Conclusions . 12 7. References . 13
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Protein Content, Soil Fertility and Economic Performance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a Vertisol

A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011 to assess the effect of combined application of fertilizer, organic manures and biofertilizers on yield, nutrient utilization along with soil fertility in rice. The results revealed that the substitution of 25% NPK through farmyard manure (FYM) in recommended dose of NPK along with 5 kg Zn ha−1 and PSB+BGA recorded significantly higher grain yield (3.96 t ha−1) over the 100% NPK treatment (3.49 t ha−1). Maximum nutrients uptake (N, P, K, S and Zn) by rice 75.6, 18.4, 120.1, 27.8 kg ha−1 and 231.9 g ha−1, respectively were observed in the treatment receiving 75% NPK+5 t FYM ha−1+PSB+BGA+Zn. The conjunctive use of organic manure and fertilizers along with biofertilizers and micronutrients gave highest availability of N, P, K, S and Zn at post-harvest soil of rice as compared to other treatment combinations. The B: C ratio computed for rice suggested that the higher B: C ratio is associated with higher production and better quality of the produce and therefore more economical. Thus, integrated resource management improved the crop yields, produce quality grain as well as improved the soil fertility, thus the overall profit of the farmers. Integrated nutrient applications are more beneficial when the rate of nutrient application is below the normal rate.
Protein expression in some susceptible potato late blight genotypes.

We used the 1D SDS-PAGE to study the compatible interaction P. infestans- Solanum tuberosum. A virulent isolate has been used to colonize the cultivars Bintje and Desiree and another genotype with the R2 resistance gene. Two proteins were induced in the case of bintje: 14kD parotein and metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor. In the case of R2, three proteins were induced with two not identified. The two identified were: β-glucosidase and transcription activator PTI6.
WOLF SPIDER (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE) MOVEMENT ALONG A POND EDGE

Abstract Wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) are important predators at freshwater-forest ecotones where their distribution may be determined by their ability to respond to, amongst other factors, moisture and prey levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the movement of wolf spiders along a pond-forest boundary at Mountain Lake Biological Station, Virginia. We performed two mark-recapture studies at two temporal and spatial scales (4 h–20 d and 1 m–∼20 m, respectively) to determine the probability of movement by the spiders. Mark-recapture studies are useful for measuring individual movement, but, because of the difficulty of marking small arthropods, are not often used for spiders. This mark-recapture study showed the spiders moved very little over the temporal and spatial scale used: 0–54% per day chance of moving to the adjacent 1-m2 plot around the pond and 0–2% per day chance of moving to the adjacent 1-m2 plot to and from the pond. This finding is in contrast to other studies that have shown wolf spiders to completely exit a 900-m2 quadrant within several days. We discuss possible causes of this low mobility and its implications for wolf spider distribution and abundance at the pond edge.
Índice s no diagnóstico da qualidade estrutural de latossolo muito argiloso sob manejo intensivo = S index in structural quality diagnostic of a very clayey oxisol under intense management

Neste estudo foi verificada a adequacao de uso do indice S no diagnostico da qualidade estrutural de um Latossolo Vermelho distrofico de cerrado cultivado com cafeeiro sob sistema de manejo que adota a aplicacao de altas doses de gesso na linha da cultura, cultivo e manejo mecanizado de braquiaria na entrelinha da cultura, alem de preparo do sulco de plantio ate 60 cm de profundidade, dentre outras tecnicas de manejo intensivo. O indice S foi correlacionado a densidade do solo e porosidade do solo nas profundidades de 5, 20, 40 e 80 cm, na linha do cafeeiro, e 5, 10, 20, 40, 65 cm na entrelinha do cafeeiro e para a determinacao deste atributo fisico nas diferentes profundidades e locais de amostragem foram construidas curvas de retencao de agua, sendo utilizadas amostras com estrutura preservada. Os valores de indice S foram superiores a 0,045 indicando otima qualidade fisica do solo sob o sistema de manejo adotado. Houve boa correlacao entre o indice S com os atributos fisicos analisados, mostrando ser esta uma boa ferramenta a ser utilizada no diagnostico da qualidade estrutural do solo.
COMBINATION OF IVS2.849 A-G WITH IVS1.1 G-A: A Mutation of β-Globin Gene in a Turkish β-Thalessemia Major Patient

Beta-thalassemia, which is an autosomal recessive disease, is among the most common hemoglobinopathies in Antalya, Turkey. Mutations found in Turkish β-thalassemia patients constitute a heterogeneous group, which is mostly composed of point mutations and, only in very rare cases, a deletion or an insertion causes affected or carrier phenotypes. Reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) method is used for screening common mutations, and sequence analysis and silver staining were performed consecutively to detect any uncommon mutation. The authors report a first Turkish family with a rare variant—intervening sequence 2 (IVS2) 849 (A-G). The proband's mother and father were determined as carriers of IVS2.849 (A-G) and IVS1.1 (G-A) mutations, respectively. Proband is the first child of the family and she has an IVS2.849 (A-G)/IVS1.1 (G-A) genotype with β-thalassemia major phenotype. Prenatal diagnosis was performed for the second child, and genotype of the fetus was determined as IVS2.849 (A-G)/Normal. This first report of IVS2.849 (A-G) mutation in Turkish population shows that there are many more mutations contributing the heterogeneity of the mutation spectrum of β-globin gene in the Turkish population, which indicates migrations of different ethnic origins.
Caracterización morfológica en árboles nativos de guayaba en el Valle del Cauca

Se caracterizaron 53 accesiones de Psidium guajava, colectadas en 9 transectos del Valle del Cauca. En los descriptores cualitativos las accesiones se integraron en tres grupos que se diferenciaron por la forma del fruto. El 75% de los descriptores cuantitativos mostraron CV mayor al 24%. El 72.41% de la variacion total de estos descriptores fue explicado en tres CP, que permitieron discriminar para variables de rendimiento del fruto, estructura del arbol y calidad del fruto. Abstract Morphological characteristics of guava in Cauca Valley, Colombia. 53 accesions were collected of Psidium guajava, in 9 transects of the Cauca Valley, these themselves were characterizates. In the descriptors qualitative the accesions were integrated in three groups that were differentiated for the form of the fruit. The 75% of the descriptors quantitative they showed greater VC to 24%. The 72.41% of the total variation of these descriptors, was explained in three PC, that permitted to discriminate for variables of performance of the fruit, structure of the tree and quality of the fruit. Keywords: Psidium guajava, accesions, descriptors quantitative, descriptors qualitative. Principal Component Analysis - PCA
Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates prepared from three freshwater carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) using Flavorzyme

Summary Fish protein hydrolysates from three freshwater carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala with different degree of hydrolysis (DH) (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), were prepared using Flavorzyme enzyme and designated as HCF, HRF and HMF, respectively. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of hydrolysates was found to vary from 43 ± 2% to 71 ± 3%. Based on ACE inhibitory activity, HRF with DH-15% was taken up for further study. The mode of ACE activity inhibition by HRF-DH 15% was mixed type as revealed by Lineweaver–Burk plot. Sequential digestion of HRF-DH 15% using pepsin and pancreatin decreased the ACE inhibitory activity from 76% to 63%. Partial purification of HRF-DH 15% by size exclusion chromatography gave three different fractions designated as F-1, F-2 and F-3 with the molecular mass in the range of 6456–407 Da. Fraction 2 had significantly higher ACE inhibitory activity than the other fractions.
Studies in Annonaceae XXXVI. The Duguetia alliance: where the ways part

Results of a cladistic analysis of morphological and anatomical data of the Duguetia alliance (Annonaceae) are presented. Several novel characters, or characters so far not incorporated into phylogenetic analyses, are used. Parsimony analysis resulted in two strongly supported clades: a Fusaea clade, comprising Fusaea, Duckeanthus, Letestudoxa, and Pseudartabotrys, and a Duguetia clade, comprising all Neotropical and African species of Duguetia. Support for the past distinction of Pachypodanthium from Duguetia appears to be absent. Characters used to resolve relationships between and within the two clades are difficult to polarize by outgroup comparison. It is demonstrated that the critical reassessment of classical morphological characters, and the search for new ones, may well advance phylogenetic resolution within Annonaceae
Morpho-anatomy of the leaf and stem of Eugenia pyriformis

Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. , known as uvaia, is a species of Myrtaceae native to Brazil. Its leaves are used in folk medicine to treat gout because they possess the property of inhibiting xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of xanthine into uric acid. The objective of this work was to study the leaf and stem morpho-anatomy of E. pyriformis, in order to contribute to what is known about the Brazilian flora, and this medicinal plant and potential vegetal drug. Samples of mature leaves and young stems were fixed and sectioned by freehand, or embedded in glycol methacrylate and sectioned with a microtome, and then stained. In addition, microchemical tests and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The leaf is simple, symmetric, elliptic-lanceolate, with an acute apex and base, and an entire margin. The epidermis is uniseriate and coated with a moderately thick cuticle. The stomata are anomocytic and inserted at the same level as the adjacent cells. Unicellular non-glandular trichomes are abundant on the abaxial surface. The mesophyll is dorsiventral. In transverse section, the midrib is plano-convex and the petiole is circular, and both of these structures have a single bicollateral vascular bundle. In the stem, the vascular cylinder consists of external phloem, xylem and internal phloem, traversed by narrow rays. Phenolic compounds, druses and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate are also present in the leaf and stem.
A REVISION OF BEGONIA SECTION DIPLOCLINIUM (BEGONIACEAE) ON THE PHILIPPINE ISLAND OF PALAWAN, INCLUDING FIVE NEW SPECIES

Begonia sect. Diploclinium (Begoniaceae) is revised for the Philippine island of Palawan. Five new species, Begonia acclivis C.Coyle, B. cleopatrae C.Coyle, B. gutierrezii C.Coyle, B. rubiteae M.Hughes and B. wilkiei C.Coyle, are described, giving a total of 10 species, nine of which are endemic. Of the 10 species, two are considered to belong to the IUCN category Endangered, five are Vulnerable, two are Least Concern and one is Data Deficient.
Shared mycorrhizal networks of forest herbs: Does the presence of conspecific and heterospecific adult plants affect seedling growth and nutrient acquisition?

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can colonize the roots of a large number of plant species and individuals, simultaneously creating a network of hyphae connecting the roots of many plants. In this study, I examined the effect of the mycorrhizal network produced by conspecific and heterospecific adult plants on growth and nutrient content of seedlings of Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. and Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. racemosum. Seedlings of both plant species were planted so that they could become colonized by the mycorrhizal network or remain uncolonized, and were planted in the presence of a conspecific or heterospecific adult plant. After 2 years of growth, seedlings were harvested and biomass and nutrient content were determined. Biomass of A. triphyllum seedlings was not affected by the identity of the adult plant or colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. Biomass of M. racemosum seedlings was significantly affected by adult plant identity and mycorrhizal colonization. Maianthemum racemosum seedlings.
Array Manipulation And Matrix-Tree Method To Identify High Concentration Regions (HCRs)

Sequence Alignment and Analysis is one of the most important applications of bioinformatics. It involves alignment a pair or more sequences with each other and identify a common pattern that would ultimately lead to conclusions of homology or dissimilarity. A number of algorithms that make use of dynamic programming to perform alignment between sequences are available. One of their main disadvantages is that they involve complicated computations and backtracking methods that are difficult to implement. This paper describes a much simpler method to identify common regions in 2 sequences and align them based on the density of common sequences identified.
Isolation of Sinigrin and Glucotropaeolin from Cruciferous Seeds

A procedure is described which allows the isolation of ca. 1 g Sinigrin (K-salt) or glucotropaeolin (tetramethylammonia-(TMA)-salt) from seeds of Brassica nigra and Lepidium sativum, respectively within one day as crystalline substances. Both compounds possess excellent long term stabilities. In contrast to sinigrin the TMA salt of glucotropaeolin does not contain water of crystallization.
Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of intramuscular fat in crossbred cattle with and without Wagyu genetics fed a barley-based diet

Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) muscle from European and British crossbred (EBC; no Wagyu genetics) and Wagyu crossbred (WC; 75% Wagyu genetics) beef cattle were determined. Conjugated linoleic acid contents of PCD muscle from EBC (1.7 mg CLA g−1 lipid) and WC (1.8 mg CLA g−1 lipid) cattle were similar (P > 0.05), while WC cattle had higher (P < 0.05) CLA content 100 g−1 of beef on a DM basis because the lipid content of meat from WC cattle was greater (P < 0.05) than that from EBC cattle Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, Wagyu, fatty acids, barley, beef cattle
Studies on the Maintenance of Color and Quality of Litchi Fruits under Cold Storage Conditions

‘Calcuttia’ litchi fruits harvested at the full red color stage were pre-cooled and exposed to different treatments: hot water treatment (HWT) at 55°C for 20 seconds (T1), HWT + 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) dip for 2 minutes (T2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) fumigation at 0.6 g/kg of fruits for 15 minutes (T3), SO2 fumigation at 0.6 g/kg of fruits for 15 minutes + 1M HCl dip for 2 minutes (T4), and the control without any treatment (T5). After treatment, the fruits were removed from the bunch and packed in plastic crates, lined with low density polyethylene (LDPE) (100 gauge thickness), and stored in a walk-in cold room maintained at 2–3°C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH). The fruits were analyzed for various quality parameters, such as physiological weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total anthocyanin content, SO2 content, browning index, and sensory quality at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. The data revealed that fruits treated with SO2 fumigation + 1M HCl dip for 2 minutes (T4) proved to be the most promising treatment for maintaining the red color of the pericarp, minimizing weight and firmness loss, and retaining eating quality of litchi fruits for up to 3 weeks. The control fruits, on the other hand, turned brown after 1 week of storage.