Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Endogenous Esterase Activity on In Vitro P-gp profiling of Dabigatran Etexilate in Caco-2 monolayers

Dabigatran etexilate is a double prodrug of dabigatran which is a reversible, competitive, direct thrombin inhibitor that has been approved in many countries. A recent guideline on drug-drug interactions of the European Medicines Agency, dabigatran etexilate was proposed as a sensitive in vivo and in vitro probe substrate for intestinal P-gp inhibition. We therefore performed a series of in vitro studies to seek for adequate experimental conditions for evaluation of P-gp involvement on transport process of dabigatran etexilate across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Experiments using expressed carboxylesterase 1 (CES) and CES2 bactosomes revealed that dabigatran etexilate was hydrolyzed into BIBR 1087 by CES1 that was found to be expressed in our Caco-2 cells. The impact of CES1-mediated BIBR 1087 formation during transcellular transport experiments was assessed by comparing several combinations of three experimental approaches, viz. radioactivity detection using [ 14 C]dabigatran etexilate as substrate, LC-MS/MS quantification of dabigatran etexilate, and presence and absence of a CES inhibitor bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). The experimental approach that was based on the use of non-labeled dabigatran etexilate together with LC-MS/MS quantification and addition of BNPP was selected as the most adequate condition to evaluate permeability coefficient (Papp) of dabigatran etexilate and its transcellular transport by P-gp correctly. The in vitro Caco-2 study at the selected condition revealed that dabigatran etexilate was a P-gp substrate with efflux ratio of 13.8 and intrinsic Papp, which is the Papp under the condition of complete blockage of P-gp by P-gp inhibitor, of 29 x 10 -6 cm/sec.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF EX-TERRORIST INMATES AND COMBATANTS IN THE DISENGAGEMENT FROM VIOLENCE STRATEGY IN INDONESIA

In Indonesia, there are a number of foundations which were established by the ex-terrorist inmates as a new community towards peace and a way of empowerment for the ex-terrorist inmates. The involvement of ex-terrorist inmates in disengagement strategy in Indonesia has also raised pro(s) and con(s). This research aims to explore the involvement of ex-terrorist inmates in disengagement strategy in Indonesia. This kind of involvement is hoped to become a softer approach because it focuses more in using kinship method, in a way that it will be easier to gain trust, and the people have the same experience and background in terrorism. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative with interview technique. This research found that the phenomenon of the arousal of new communities towards peace which was established by ex-terrorist inmates and combatants is a positive thing as a new medium for those inmates and other inmates who has the desire to come and disengage from violence. However, this kind of phenomenon has to be guided, guarded and controlled by the government in order to keep it in line with the true purpose of deradicalization and counter strategy of terrorism in Indonesia.
Economies of Learning & Paying Attention:

This paper assesses the role of attention in learning by comparing the effects that different reading modalities and participation practices have in learning, and uses book clubs as venues of learning interactions. Specifically, this paper presents the basic findings of a case study conducted on a gender mixed crime fiction face-to-face book club in Athens. Based on grounded theory methodology, the results indicate that exchanges are framed in terms of an agonistic “gift economy” and circulate among two basic reading modalities grounded in different structures of paying attention and invested with different cognitive value: a) a deep –effortlessimmersion of attention in the momentary experience of reading and b) a deep -effortfulre-reading which divides time in order to obtain deeper insight. The study locates a group of marginalized women, who are unable to enter the agonistic exchange cycle as givers and stay in a permanent ‘cognitive debt’. The construction of regimes of worth among members has implications for the study of interactions in many learning environments. In this respect, this paper attempts to bring together insights from social sciences and cognitive theories, in order to open up a fruitful dialogue between the two with pedagogical implications and future cross-disciplinary research directions.
Advanced Process Digitalization, Compliance, and Automation

Digitalization brings with it ongoing socio-technical change, including new and innovative ways of interacting and technological developments. In response, both academia and industry must continually rethink and improve methods, approaches, structures, and applications if they are to thrive in the digital age. In particular, the corporate success of organizations relies on their ability to react appropriately to changing conditions. Business process management (BPM) traditionally helps organizations to ensure corporate success. BPM has recently also offered methods to explore and innovate business processes, leading to the creation of new products or services. BPM enriched by digital solutions enables new business processes and value propositions and transforms those already in existence. Digital transformation also impacts, among other things, management styles, individual behavior, compliance, and automation capabilities. Consequently, BPM must continuously adjust to react appropriately to new developments driven by the digital age. Yet, BPM emphasizes the need to understand the influence of the digital age before enacting change. Such understanding is seen as a crucial prerequisite to adequately address the changing needs. Developed in response to such shift, this cumulative doctoral thesis consists of five research articles that provide insight into BPM in the digital age and provide guidance for both industry and academia by reconceptualizing BPM’s capabilities. Furthermore, the in-depth investigation of two capability areas (i.e., “Process Compliance Management” and “Advanced Process Automation”) addresses challenges and opportunities considered important from an expert perspective. Firstly, this thesis presents an overview of the impact of changing conditions and an updated capability framework. Secondly, this thesis examines “Process Compliance Management” in terms of process deviance and presents an innovative strategy for creating positive process deviations. Thirdly, the incorporation of mobile devices into manufacturing highlights the potential of “Advanced Process Automation”. The theoretical foundation of the thesis is a capability framework consisting of five core elements and 30 equally distributed capability areas (research article #1). In response, a framework consisting of 33 reasons for deviance applies a management perspective to explain why process deviations occur (research article #2). Following this, positive process deviance provides the analytical lens in an experiment that uses digital nudging to leverage positive deviations as a starting point for process improvements (research article #3). This thesis then reveals how mobile devices automate production processes (research article #4). Finally, the incorporation of smartphones demonstrates their potential as data collectors and facilitators of predictive maintenance and decision support technology (research article #5).
Effects of Climate Variability and Climate Change on Sorghum Productivity in the Cercle of Koutiala in Mali

The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) on sorghum productivity in the Cercle of Koutiala in Mali. To do this, the model of the production function was used to estimate the variation of sorghum yield during a period of 30 years (1986-2015). After the test of the unit root of Dickey-Fuller Augmented (ADF), the estimation of the semi-logarithmic model by the Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) showed that the yield of sorghum was affected by the climatic variables. The increase in average rainfall over the period June-September positively affects the performance to a certain threshold. On the other hand, the average temperatures during June-July have no significant effects on the yield. The temperatures observed during August and September, negatively affect the performance of sorghum during the study period to a certain threshold. The precipitations of August and September have a positive impact but not significant on the yield. The interaction between mean precipitation and average temperature during the same period negatively influences the yield of the sorghum. Indeed, the increase of the precipitation combined with an increase of the temperature for the period June to September causes a reduction in the yield of sorghum. Depending on this situation, it is important and necessary to take measures to mitigate the negative impacts of climate on sorghum yield in the Cercle of Koutiala. Original Research Article Kouyate; AJAEES, 38(12): 68-79, 2020; Article no.AJAEES. 64303 69
Microbial Decontamination of Spices Using Cold Plasma

Most of spices are produced using traditional systems. In unsanitary conditions, spices can contain large numbers of pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, molds and yeasts. Some microorganisms are known as human pathogens, which need disinfection mechanisms that minimize their potential harms to active substances in spices. Use of contaminated spices in foods can significantly decrease the shelf life of food products and may include health hazards to consumers. In recent decades, various technologies such as fumigation (e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and methyl bromide), steam heating and gamma radiation have been used to eliminate pollutions. However, these technologies include disadvantages. Therefore, researchers eagerly investigate novel methods of disinfection that do not include the highlighted disadvantages. This study has reviewed conventional methods for the sterilization and decontamination of spices, focusing specifically on cold plasma as an alternative technique and its uses in microbial inactivation of spices. Cold plasma is a novel food processing technology which uses energetic reactive gases for the inactivation of contaminating microbes in spices. Decontamination spices with cold plasma is safe and much more effective than previous methods. Furthermore, effects of cold plasma on bioactive ingredients are negligible and almost final quality of the products after processes are constant.
The design and use of multilevel teaching activities in a mixed-ability class in Year 4 in a Birmingham Primary School Final Dissertation

​In the schools of the United Kingdom there is a long tradition of applying homogeneous ability grouping, and to match the different ability levels of children, multilevel activities are delivered. This, however, has changed over the years, and there may be new changes coming soon. This article explores the reasons why multilevel activities have been used in the classrooms and how they have been planned by the teachers. In order to achieve this, the characteristics of different types of ability grouping and the influence of the context are analysed. This information is complemented with classroom observations and interviews with Year 4 teachers and the deputy head teacher of Ladypool School, in Birmingham.
Preparation of a novel hafnium-loaded Fe3O4@SiO2 superparamagnetic nanoparticles and its adsorption performance for phosphate in water

Phosphorus is an essential element of life but can lead to eutrophication if present above limit in waterways. Hydrous metallic oxides-based magnetic nanoparticle is considered as an easily separable adsorbent for efficient separation of phosphate from sewage. In this paper, superparamagnetic particles consisting of hafnium-modified hydroxides loading on Fe3O4 multicores embedded in SiO2 matrix were synthesized (MgFeHf-NPs/MgAlHf-NPs) and the performance of capturing phosphate was investigated. The obtained nano-composites showed well-defined crystal structure and sufficient saturation magnetization. High phosphate adsorption capacity was observed with these NPs from solution as well as digested sludge liquor and dewatered sludge wastewater. These NPs also showed high selectivity with other co-existing ions and organics. The enhancement of phosphate adsorption capacity by doping with Hf should be explained by the stronger ligand complexation built by the pair of the hard acid Hf ion and the hard base phosphate that matched up the bonding preferences. MgAlHf-NPs and MgFeHf-NPs exhibited regeneration rates after five adsorption–desorption cycles compared with ordinary MgAl-NPs and MgFe-NPs. This paper attempts to provide a promising nano-sorbent for phosphate recovery.
Packing and Fusing Narrow-Width Vector Operations for Energy-Efﬁcient SIMD

—Application developers usually decide on the size of each variable data type by either considering its maximum range or simply by comfortably using larger data types. Since these represent maximum values (and not typical), the applications most often do not make full use of the bit-width offered by the processor arithmetic units. This wasted bit-width is especially relevant when using Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions, since the inefﬁcient use of each arithmetic unit is multiplied by the number of vector elements. This (rather frequent) circumstance is exploited by proposing new run-time mechanisms to (i) efﬁciently handle narrow vector elements, by removing excess sign bits and packing these elements in a smaller vector, and (ii) agglomerate (fuse) multiple vector instructions pending in the execution queue of the processor, to simultaneously execute them on a single SIMD unit. When combined with clock and power gating techniques, the proposed approach provides a very signiﬁcant reduction of energy consumption in the SIMD units, by dynamically optimizing the execution of narrow-width integer vector computations, with low hardware overhead and no need for any changes in the application executable. Experimental results based on a prototyping implementation supported on an ARM Cortex A76 model show a reduction of the dynamic and leakage energy consumption in the vector units of up to 54.4%, with either a negligible performance reduction or even some slight improvements of the execution time.
Investigation and control of strong-field photoemission from metal nanotips

This thesis is devoted to the study and control of photoemission from metallic nanotips induced by femtosecond laser pulses. In-situ atomic-scale surface control and the excitation of intense near fields render nanotips an exceptionally valuable model system for light strongly interacting with the solid state. By virtue of their nanometric size they simultaneously represent an attractive source of high-quality femtosecond electron pulses for imaging or diffraction experiments. In our studies we use femtosecond light pulses to determine the near-field strength, and sculpt light waveforms to investigate photoemission, as well as to control it with high fidelity in an all-optical way. We observe rescattering of a fraction of photoemitted electrons with the parent tip steered by the laser-induced near field, a hallmark of attosecond physics. Assisted by theoretical modelling we determine the strength of the tip’s near field at the apex from the cut-off of the characteristic plateau in electron energy spectra. We thereby perform a measurement of the tip’s near field on a scale of 1 nm, comparing well with simulations of Maxwell’s equations. We present an outlook towards complete temporal characterization of near fields by attosecond streaking. With a strong fundamental pulse and a perturbative second harmonic we create an asymmetric waveform on the femtosecond timescale. Employing it on a tungsten nanotip we demonstrate coherent control of photoemission from a nanotip for the first time. With the relative phase between fundamental and second harmonic as a tuning knob we control above-threshold photoemission with a contrast of 94%. We explain our findings in the Brumer-Shapiro picture with interference between two quantum paths leading to photoemission. By comparing our results with density functional theory calculations we find that intermediate states likely resonantly enhance multiphoton emission. We also address the question of the lifetime of excited states in the metal both in this experiment and with another setup with improved temporal resolution and find upper bounds on the fs timescale. Finally, we present a novel setup of multi-stage nonlinear frequency conversion to yield carrier-envelope phase-stable sub-two-cycle pulses around 2μm at a repetition rate of 100 kHz, representing the shortest pulses in this wavelength regime at such a high repetition rate. As a first application, we employ this source to investigate the transition from the multiphoton to the tunneling regime of photoemission at the solid state.
Are Gcg Effectıve In Mıtıgatıng Earnıngs Management And Influencıng Csr In Famıly Fırms ?

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the role of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in family firms with earning management as the moderating variable. The data used in this study are secondary data of 120 family firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2015 to 2019, analyzed using Smart PLS software. In this study, the corporate governance mechanism is measured with: independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership, the board of director size, managerial ownership, and audit size. CSR is measured using the ISO 26000 standard. Meanwhile, earnings management is measured using discretionary accruals of modified Jones models. The results show that the role of corporate governance positively affects earnings management in family firms. Further analysis shows that corporate governance also influences CSR. This study also provides empirical evidence that earnings management enhances the relationship between corporate governance and CSR.
Annual changes of ship emissions around China under gradually promoted control policies from 2016 to 2019

Abstract. Ship emissions and coastal air pollutions around China are expected to be alleviated with the gradually implemented of domestic ship emission control (DECA) policy. However, there is so far a lack of a comprehensive post assessment on the ship emission response after the policy implementation. This study developed a series of high spatiotemporal ship emission inventories of China’s inland rivers and the 200 Nm zone from 2016 to 2019 based on an updated Ship Emission Inventory Model (SEIM v2.0) and analysed the interannual changes of emissions under the influence of both ship activity increase and gradually promoted policy. The route restoration technology in SEIM v2.0 has greatly improved the spatial distribution of ship emissions and the river vessels (RVs) are better distinguished by using the spatial frequency distribution method. From 2016 to 2019, SO2 and PM emissions from ships decreased by 29.6 % and 26.4 %, respectively, while ship NOX emissions increased by 13.0 %. Although the DECA 1.0 policy has been implemented since 2017, it was not until 2019 with the DECA 2.0 that significant emission reduction was achieved, e.g., 33.3 % regarding SO2. Considering the potential emissions brought by continuous growth of maritime trade, however, an even larger emission reduction effect of 39.8 % was achieved in 2019 compared with the scenario without switching cleaner fuel. Although ocean-going vessels (OGVs) contributed to approximately 2/3 of ship emissions in Chinese waters, 2/3 of them came from ships registered in other countries. Containers and bulk carriers are still the dominate contributors to ship emissions, and newly-built, large ships and ships using clean fuel oil are taking an increasingly large proportion in emission structure. The four-year consecutive daily ship emissions were presented for major ports, which timely reflects the response of step-by-step DECA policy on emissions and may provide useful references for port observation experiments and local policy making. In addition, the spatial distribution shows that a number of ships detoured outside the scope of DECA 2.0 in 2019 to save the cost on more expensive low sulphur oil, increasing emissions in farther maritime areas. The multi-year ship emission inventory provide high-quality datasets for air quality and dispersion modellings, as well as verifications for in-situ observation experiments, which may also guide further ship emission control direction in China.
Quantitative proteomic analysis in ATII cells reveals the different capacities of 1 RAS and TGF-β to induce EMT 2

15 Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells function as stem cells, contributing to alveolar renewal, 16 repair and cancer. Therefore, they are a highly relevant model for studying a number of lung diseases, 17 including acute injury, fibrosis and cancer, in which signals transduced by RAS and transforming 18 growth factor (TGF)-b play critical roles. To identify downstream molecular events following RAS 19 and/or TGF-b activation, we performed proteomic analysis using a quantitative label-free approach 20 (LC-HDMSE) to provide in-depth proteome coverage and estimates of protein concentration in 21 absolute amounts. We chose ATIIER:KRASV12 as an experimental cell line in which RAS is activated by 22 adding 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). Proteomic analysis of ATII cells treated with 4-OHT or TGF-β 23 demonstrated that RAS activation induces an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature. In 24 contrast, under the same conditions, activation of TGF-β signaling alone only induces a partial EMT. 25 EMT is a dynamic and reversible biological process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity 26 and down-regulate cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion to gain migratory properties, is involved in 27 embryonic development, wound healing, fibrosis and cancer metastasis. Thus, these results could 28 help to focus research on the identification of processes that are potentially driving EMT-related 29 human disease. 30
Corrosion of rebar in carbon fiber reinforced polymer bonded reinforced concrete

Several reinforced concrete structures that get deteriorated by rebar corrosion are retrofitted using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). When rebar comes in direct contact with CFRP, rebar may corrode, as iron is more active than carbon. Progression of corrosion of rebar in strengthened RC structures has been carried out when rebar comes in direct contact with CFRP. The experimentation is carried out in two phases. In phase I, corrosion of bare steel bar is monitored by making its contact with CFRP. In phase II, concrete specimens with surface bonded CFRP were casted and subjected to the realistic exposure conditions keeping direct contact between rebar and CFRP. Progression of corrosion has been monitored by various parameters: Half-cell potential, Tafel extrapolation and Linear Polarisation Resistance. On termination of exposure, to find residual bond stress between rebar and concrete, pull-out test was performed. Rebar in contact with CFRP has shown substantially higher corrosion. The level of corrosion will be more with more area of contact.