Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A contextual approach towards more accurate duplicate bug report detection

Bug-tracking and issue-tracking systems tend to be populated with bugs, issues, or tickets written by a wide variety of bug reporters, with different levels of training and knowledge about the system being discussed. Many bug reporters lack the skills, vocabulary, knowledge, or time to efficiently search the issue tracker for similar issues. As a result, issue trackers are often full of duplicate issues and bugs, and bug triaging is time consuming and error prone. Many researchers have approached the bug-deduplication problem using off-the-shelf information-retrieval tools, such as BM25F used by Sun et al. In our work, we extend the state of the art by investigating how contextual information, relying on our prior knowledge of software quality, software architecture, and system-development (LDA) topics, can be exploited to improve bug-deduplication. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our contextual bug-deduplication method on the bug repository of the Android ecosystem. Based on this experience, we conclude that researchers should not ignore the context of software engineering when using IR tools for deduplication.
Effect of video decoder errors on video interpretability

The advancement in video compression technology can result in more sensitivity to bit errors. Bit errors can propagate causing sustained loss of interpretability. In the worst case, the decoder "freezes" until it can re-synchronize with the stream. Detection of artifacts enables downstream processes to avoid corrupted frames. A simple template approach to detect block stripes and a more advanced cascade approach to detect compression artifacts was shown to correlate to the presence of artifacts and decoder messages.
Organization: Contemporary Principles and Practice

This exciting sequel to John Child's classic text, Organization, provides a current, comprehensive guide to organizational management in today's world, with additional teaching website supports. Written in an approachable style, and featuring new international examples, this is a major contemporary guide to the role of organizations and people in business success. A revealing account of new internal organizational forms and the evolution of organization to meet new demands Makes state-of-the-art principles and practice available to students and practitioners. Covers a broad range of topics, from integration, control, reward policies, outsourcing, flexibility and strategic alliances, to trust, learning, and corporate governance. Draws upon recent research and good business journalism. Features new international examples. Each chapter contains summaries of key points, lists of practical guidelines, questions for discussion, and suggestions for further reading.
A Robust Pedestrian Detection Approach Based on Support Vector Machine Using Convex Hull

The support vector machine (SVM), an assuring new method for the classification, has been widely used in many areas efficiently. However, the online learning issue of SVM is still not addressed satisfactorily since when a new sample arrives to retrain the SVM to adjust the classifier. This may not be feasible for real-time applications due to the expensive computation cost for re-training the SVM. This paper propose an Online SVM classifier algorithm known as OSVM-CH, which is based on the convex hull vertices selection depends on geometrical features of SVM. From the theoretical point of view, the first d+1(d is the dimension of the input samples) selected samples are proved to be vertices of the convex hull. This guarantees that the selected samples in our method keep the greatest amount of information of the convex hull. From the pedestrian detection application point of view, the new algorithm can update the classifier without reducing its classification performance.
Design and Implementation of Binary Utilities Generator

This paper presents a framework for generating assembler and disassembler from ADL (architecture description language), which enables processor architecture designers to explore a large design space by quickly modifying the architecture description written in high abstraction level ADL. We present our ADL: GADL(GNU tool chain based ADL) and propose the binary utilities generation algorithms for GADL. Some issues are discussed and resolved which have not been covered by related research. We have implemented the binary utilities generator with the proposed algorithms and used it to generate the binary utilities for a DSP we are designing, which shows the efficiency of the algorithms.
Blind equalization of fading channels

Two blind equalization schemes using an antenna array are proposed for multipath fading channels. The methods exploit second-order statistics and spatial diversity to provide fast convergence rate and better performance in low SNRs. A special orthogonalization technique is used in conjunction with the Viterbi algorithm to achieve optimal sequence detection without channel identification. The proposed approach also has a special structure particularly suitable for time varying channels. <<ETX>>
Formal verification of memory arrays using symbolic trajectory evaluation

Verification of memory arrays is an important part of processor verification. Memory arrays include circuits such as on-chip caches, cache tags, register files, and branch prediction buffers having memory cores embedded within complex logic. These circuits are typically custom designed at the transistor-level to optimize area and performance. This makes it necessary to verify them at the transistor-level. Conventional array verification approaches are based on switch-level simulation. Such approaches do not work for arrays as it is infeasible to simulate the astronomical number of simulation patterns that are required to verify these designs. Therefore, formal methods are required to ensure the correctness of memory arrays. This paper describes the formal verification technique of Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation (STE), and its application to verify memory arrays. The paper describes techniques to overcome the limitations of STE in verifying large complex memory arrays. It shows how exploiting symmetry allows one to verify systems several orders of magnitude larger than otherwise possible. The results of verifying SRAM arrays, including a 256 Kbit circuit having over 1.5 million transistors, are presented. The paper also shows how judicious Boolean encodings can be used with STE to efficiently verify CAMs.
On Multicast Primitives in Large Networks and Partial Replication Protocols

Recent years have seen the rapid growth of web-based applications such as search engines, social networks, and e-commerce platforms. As a consequence, our daily life activities rely on computers more and more each day. Designing reliable computer systems has thus become of a prime importance. Reliability alone is not sufficient however. These systems must support high loads of client requests and, as a result, scalability is highly valued as well. In this thesis, we address the design of fault-tolerant computer systems. More precisely, we investigate the feasibility of designing scalable database systems that offer the illusion of accessing a single copy of a database, despite failures. This study is carried out in the context of large networks composed of several groups of machines located in the same geographical region. Groups may be data centers, each located in a local area network, connected through high-latency links. In these settings, the goal is to minimize the use of inter-group links. We mask failures using data replication: if one copy of the data is not available, a replica is accessed instead. Guaranteeing data consistency in the presence of failures while offering good performance constitutes the main challenge of this thesis. To reach this goal, we first study fault-tolerant multicast communication primitives that offer various message ordering guarantees. We then rely on these multicast abstractions to propose replication protocols in which machines hold a subset of the application’s data, denoted as partial replication. In contrast to full replication, partial replication may potentially offer better scalability since updates need not be applied to every machine in the system. More specifically, this thesis makes contributions in the distributed systems domain and in the database domain. In the distributed systems domain, we first devise FIFO and causal multicast algorithms, primitives that ease the design of replicated data management protocols, as we will show. We then study atomic multicast, a basic building block for synchronous database replication. Two failure models are considered: one in which groups are correct, i.e., groups contain at least one process that is always
Development of an XML-based structural product retrieval system for virtual enterprises

A single company cannot survive in today's global business environment without collaborating with others. A virtual enterprise is good practice for sharing core resources, experiences and information between companies with the same business goal. Through sharing product information, a company can prevent unnecessary spending in developing similar products that already exist. Although some attempts have been made to facilitate product searches, these methods are typically not suitable for structural product searches under virtual enterprise environments. In this work, an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) based structural product retrieval system for virtual enterprises is proposed to conquer this deficiency. A structural product is first transformed into component strings using a structure parsing algorithm. The structural similarity measurement between a product query and target product is designated and evaluated using a component matching algorithm and fuzzy mode composition. XML technology is used as the data exchange standard so that variant product information can be exchanged smoothly among heterogeneous database platforms. A comparison with a general Boolean search approach shows that the proposed structural search method can help users find desired product information more quickly and correctly. It is believed that virtual enterprise partners can benefit from using this system to increase their competitive advantage.
Proceedings of the 23rd International Teletraffic Congress

On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we are delighted to welcome you to the 23rd International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 2011) on September 6-9, 2011 in picturesque San Francisco! Since its inception in 1955, ITC has brought together researchers from academia and industry who are interested in understanding and improving the way traffic is handled in communication networks, focusing on networking science and practice. ITC has a long-standing tradition in technical excellence and special attention is given to personal interactions among participants. The conference aims to create a forum for discussion among people working at universities, for equipment manufacturers, network operators, service providers, or in other businesses. This year's congress has four components. The primary component is the technical program that is presented as single-track sessions spanning three days, from September 6 to 8, that includes three keynote speakers and a panel. The second component is the student poster session that is scheduled on the afternoon of September 7. On the final day of the congress, September 9, there are two workshops and four half-day tutorials.
The Representation of Pitch in a Neural Net Model of Chord Classification

A fundamental concern in the construction of neural nets for musical applications is the representation of input to the system. The way in which input is ultimately represented is determined by several factors: (1) the theoretical viewpoint of the researcher, (2) the primary use of the net, and (3) available computational resources. Psychoacousticians may be interested in representations that capture aspects of the peripheral processing of musical signals by the basilar membrane as well as with central mechanisms. "Cognitivists" may be more concerned with representations at the abstract level of concepts, such as musical key. Researchers who want to use neural nets for musical signal processing may be interested in both lowand high-level representations in order to enable analysis of recorded musical sound and the subsequent conversion into the high-level abstraction of a musical
Design of Control and Monitoring Rules for State Dependent Processes

Most statistical process control (SPC) methods assume that faulty products are the result of independent and identically distributed error modes in the production system. This paper proposes a general framework for extending SPC methods to autocorrelated and state dependent processes. The suggested methodology does not require an α-priori knowledge of the process distribution. A context identification model is used to estimate the probabilities of different process outputs based on the contexts in which they appear. The Kullback-Leibler measure for the discrimination between distributions is adapted for dealing with distribution that can be described with context models. It is demonstrated that the Kullback-Leibler statistic is approximately Chisquare distributed with the number of degrees of freedom depending on the number of contexts and symbol types. Control limits are developed for the dependent processes, and numerical examples are presented.
An Improved Method for Mitigating End Effects in Empirical Mode Decomposition and Its Applications to Track Irregularity Analysis

One of the most important problems in Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) applications is mitigation of the end effects. The mirror extrema extending method is an effective method to deal with it. When mirror extrema extending is used to solve the end effects, it must put the mirror at the local extrema point. Aiming at this problem, a method of combining the mirror extension with a grey neural network is proposed to extend the data. The grey neural network is adopted to forecast an extrema point forward and backward, and then the mirror extrema extending is used to mitigate the end effects. To evaluate the end effects, five common end-effect mitigation methods of EMD have been compared, including the mirror extrema extending method, the BP neural network prediction method, the support vector regression machines prediction method, the self-adaptive matching extending method, and the grey neural network mirror extrema extending method. The five end-effect mitigation methods are evaluated quantitatively and compared through energy, the correlation coefficient of the decomposed signal and the original signal, and operation time. Results show that the grey neural network mirror extrema extending method is the best option among the five methods. Finally, the method is applied to analyze track irregularity and achieve satisfactory results.
Analysis of the Dynamics of Political Reasoning: A General-Purpose Computer-Assisted Methodology

The purpose of this article is to present a methodology for better gauging the nature and dynamics of social and political attitudes. Starting from a particular view of attitude assessment, we show how computer-assisted interviewing can help transform the survey interview from a passive to an interactive process. Since the ultimate test of a methodological approach is its substantive yield, we shall present both specific measurement procedures and illustrative substantive results. The methodology itself, however, is quite general and readily applied to other substantive areas, thanks both to the generality of the theory of measurement of which it is a part and to the flexibility of the technology in which it is embedded.
Supporting product innovation using 3D shape grammars in a generative design framework

The integration of 3D shape grammars with conceptual design knowledge in a generative design system helps the development of an advanced system for the exploration of design alternatives. The key to this is the formulation of two kinds of parameterised 3D shape grammars, with which, designers’ knowledge about how to create a unique form is encoded as the strategic design knowledge, represented as a set of 3D shape grammar rules. Other lower level rules are created for changing the parameters of this strategic design knowledge in an evolving and controlled manner, in order to explore and focus on the desirable outcomes. In this paper, the relevant literatures as well as the authors’ past research are reviewed. It presents the framework of this generative product design system. A real product design example is used to demonstrate how this system works. It also discusses the issues for further research in this area.
Archigram's Analogical Approach to Digitality

The Archigram Group produced a number of design projects on the subject of computers, either imagining how computers might affect the life of city dwellers, or investigating what changes such machines would bring to architecture. Working with analogical tools and thinking about an abstract digital future, the Archigram architects deployed concepts that would have come to be crucial in recent discussions in architecture based on digital reality. Their research into things digital – without the aid of computers – led them into inquiring about individuality, expendability, interactivity, customisation and even virtualisation. Rendered in some of their design projects we find a number of architectural proposals which offer a new approach towards the relationship between time, space and architecture – an approach which is currently central for contemporary architecture conceived in cyberspace.
Integrating Lectures and Electronic Course Materials

SUMMARY In the UK university sector there is a tendency to rely increasingly on the lecture, with its limited resource demands but passive format, and to reduce the more costly interactive formats, such as tutorials and small group work. This trend is at odds with guidance from learning theory which affirms the high educational effectiveness of contexts that promote active student involvement. This paper reports experience using established World Wide Web (WWW) and file transfer protocol (ftp) technology to integrate electronic course materials into existing teaching practice. This has made it possible to rebalance course delivery away from lectures and increase time available for tutorials and small group work. Evaluation of the approach indicates a positive learning benefit for limited additional effort on the part of the lecturer.
A Mixed Noise Filtering Algorithm for High-Speed Sequence Image Processing

t is a effective means by using high-speed vision to locate mobile targets. Under the circumstance of high frame rate and high sensitivity (300Hz), in addition to the Gaussian noise and impulse noise, the image quality is also influenced by atmospheric instability, and it is mainly expressed as Gaussian noise. An improved adaptive threshold weighted mean (IATWM) de-noising algorithm is proposed in this paper. According to the characteristics of impulse noise, the algorithm is able to obtain the threshold adaptively and separate the impulse noise. Then, the weighted median filtering algorithm is used to remove the impulse noise. And the improved weighted average filter algorithm is adopted to remove the Gaussian noise for graphics with Gaussian noise. The algorithm could deal with the Gaussian noise and impulse noise separately, avoiding the weaken handling for the parts not subject to pixels pollution of the impulse noise. The experimental results show that the processing result of the algorithm is able to retain the image details, superior to the traditional filtering algorithms and MTM algorithm. In addition, the algorithm provides an effective way to eliminate the mixed noise, along with a good effect on the high-speed sequence image processing.
A Channel Allocation Algorithm Based on Minimum Interference in Wireless Mesh Network

Channel allocation based on multi-interface is a very important and difficult problem. Network throughput needs to be maximized while full consideration should be given to interference reduction and network connectivity. To solve this problem, the extended conflict graph was utilized to establish the link interference matrix; the frequency assignment technique in spectrum management based on greedy algorithm was introduced for channel allocation, and a channel assignment algorithm based on minimum interference was proposed. The algorithm fully considered link interference situation, and selected the link which currently suffers the minimum interference. For the selected link, select the idle channels when there are sufficient channels; select the channels with least potential interference when there are no idle channels. Based on this strategy, the link interference is effectively reduced, the number of links that can work simultaneously is increased, which fully maintained the connectivity of the network and effectively improved network throughput. Simulation results show that this scheme can effectively improve the performance of overall network.
A PVT-compensated 2.2 to 3.0 GHz Digitally Controlled Oscillator for All-Digital PLL

Abstract—We describe a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) which compensates the frequency variations for process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations with an accuracy of ±2.6% at 2.5 GHz. The DCO includes an 8 phase current-controlled ring oscillator, a digitally controlled current source (DCCS), a process and temperature (PT)-counteracting voltage regulator, and a bias current generator. The DCO operates at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz with a wide tuning range of 2.2 GHz to 3.0 GHz. At 2.8 GHz, the DCO achieves a phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. When it is implemented in an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL), the ADPLL exhibits an RMS jitter of 8.9 ps and a peak to peak jitter of 77.5 ps. The proposed DCO and ADPLL are fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology with supply voltages of 2.5 V and 1.0 V, respectively. Index Terms—Digitally controlled oscillator, ring oscillator, PVT compensated DCO, PT-counteracting voltage regulator, all-digital phase-locked loop
Localising and Internationalising Graphics and Visual Information Commentary

The rapid evolution of digital products has given birth to a revolution in the way we communicate. As the international audiences for our software, hardware, and portable digital products expand, the amount of time and money that we invest in translating, localising, and internationalising our products for multiple languages or audiences increases dramatically. In doing so, one tactic to reduce the word count and maximise usability is to produce highly graphic information - using pictures in accompaniment with (or in replacement of) words to help communicate our product information or end-user instruction. Although the professional communications industry is only beginning to consider the importance of localising graphic information, it is a fundamentally necessary step in producing effective information, and an important consideration for developers of information products