Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
̨†∞T–ˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇÁu∏áÖ..ÖéoÖîPáh∏á††¿<Ö.THE SCHOOL MIX EFFECT: THE HISTORY OF AN ENDURING PROBLEM IN EDUCATIONAL THEORY AND PRACTICE

The idea that school peers play an important role in determining the academic success of individual pupils is well established in popular wisdom. As Jencks [1972] has observed, people frequently define a good school not in terms of teachers or facilities but as one with the "right" kinds of socially privileged and thus [ generally ] successful pupils. For many, therefore, the quality of a school is measured in terms of class exclusiveness. Generations of parents have chosen schools with high status students over those with predominantly working class intakes in the hope that their children will do better in their studies and form more positive friendships.
Evalua on of database balancing techniques for road accident severity classifica on employing Ar ficial Neural Network

1Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU; Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, USP, São Paulo, Brasil, marialigia@ufu.br 2Laboratório Associado de Computação e Matemá6ca Aplicada, INPE, São Paulo, Brasil, leonardo.ferreira@inpe.br 3Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, USP, São Paulo, Brasil, alan@icmc.usp. br 4Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, São Paulo, Brasil, barbara.bezerra@unesp.br 5Universidade de Brasília, UNB; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, São Paulo, Brasil, maro:a@ufu.br; maro:a@unb.br 6Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, USP, São Paulo, Brasil, irineu@sc.usp. br
Scotland's Rural College Evaluation of reticuloruminal pH measurements from individual cattle: sampling strategies for the assessment of herd status Jonsson,

The application of pH observations to clinical practice in dairy cattle is based on criteria derived primarily from single time-point observations more than 20 years ago. The aims of this study were to evaluate these criteria using data collected using continuous recording methods; to make recommendations that might improve their interpretation; and to determine the relationship between the number of devices deployed in a herd and the accuracy of the resulting estimate of the herd-mean reticuloruminal pH. The study made use of 815,475 observations of reticuloruminal pH values obtained from 75 cattle in three herds (one beef and two twice-daily milking herds) to assess sampling strategies for the diagnosis of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA), and to evaluate the ability of different numbers of bolus devices to accurately estimate the true herd-mean reticuloruminal pH value at any time. The traditional criteria for SARA provide low diagnostic utility, the probability of detection of animals with pH values below specified thresholds being affected by a strong effect of time of day and herd. The analysis suggests that regardless of time of feeding, sampling should be carried out in the late afternoon or evening to obtain a reasonable probability of detection of animals with pH values below the threshold level. The among-cow variation varied strongly between herds, but for a typical herd, if using reticuloruminal pH boluses to detect a predisposition to fermentation disorders while feeding a diet that is high in rapidly fermentable carbohydrates, it is recommended to use a minimum of nine boluses. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Combining tree-ring metal concentrations and lead, carbon and oxygen isotopes to reconstruct peri-urban atmospheric pollution

ABSTRACT In this study, we analysed the tree-ring metal concentrations and isotope ratios of five stands located in three contrasted settings to infer the diffuse air pollution history of the northern part of the Windsor–Québec City Corridor in eastern Canada. Tree-ring series show that the Cd and Zn accumulation rates were higher between 1960 and 1986 and that the long-term acidification of the soil (Ca/Al series) was likely induced by NO x and SO x deposition (δ15N and δ13C trends as proxy). The Pb concentrations and 206Pb/207Pb ratios indicate that the dominant source of lead from 1880 to the 1920s was the combustion of north-eastern American coal, which was succeeded by the combustion of leaded gasoline from the 1920s to the end of the 1980s. Our modelling approach allows separating the climatic and anthropogenic effects on the tree-ring δ13C and δ18O responses. Diffuse air pollution caused an enrichment in 13C in all stands and a decrease of the δ18O values only in three of the stands. This study indicates that dendrogeochemistry can show contrasted responses to environmental changes and that the combination of several independent indicators constitutes a powerful tool to reconstruct the air pollution history in the complex context of peri-urban regions.
Efficacy of Activation of Gluteus Maximus versus Transversus Abdominis in Patients with Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The existing research on Mechanical Low Back Pain has either focused on the conventional protocols or the core muscles as a whole; only a small number of studies have proposed new interventions for MLBP. There is lack of the studies which have used the concept of regional interdependence in cases of MLBP and concentrated over Gluteus Maximus (GM). Design: A Randomized controlled trial Participants: 120 subjects (aged between 30 to 50 years) with MLBP were included in the study on the basis of inclusion criteria. Methodology: The subjects were randomly allocated into three groups. Groups A and B were experimental groups receiving Transversus Abdominis (TrA) activation and GM activation respectively along with Interferential Therapy (IFT) (Thrice a week for six weeks). Group C was the conventional group receiving conventional Flexion/Extension exercises and IFT (Thrice a week for six weeks). The outcome measures were Pain (Visual Analog Scale) and disability (Modified Oswestry Disability Index). The activation capacities of TrA & GM were measured using Chattanooga Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU). Results: The mean difference of pre & post VAS and MODI was significant within Group A, B & C (paired t test). The comparison of three groups revealed more significant improvements in terms of pain and disability in group B (GM activation+ IFT) Conclusion: GM activation was proven to be more beneficial than TrA activation & conventional protocol in reducing pain & disability of MLBP patients.
Issues in Information Systems

Server virtualization enables a physical computer to support multiple applications logically by decoupling the application from the hardware layer, thereby reducing operational costs and competitive in delivering IT services to their enterprise organizations. IT organizations continually examine the efficiency of their internal IT systems and their IT organizational processes. Researchers suggest that server virtualization technology is a disruptive innovation, but IT professionals must manage the decision process regarding server virtualization to ensure success because a poor employment of server virtualization can jeopardize the effectiveness of service delivery to its enterprise organizations. Today, IT professionals have only to read the latest news or perform pilot analysis to identify the employment of the server virtualization technology. This qualitative study explores the factors that influence the decision-making process regarding the choice to employ server virtualization technologies within organizations.
The Education Impacts of Cash Transfers for Children with Multiple Indicators of Vulnerability

As more countries approach universal primary school enrollment, the remaining children out of school merit special attention. Multiple studies have demonstrated that cash transfers boost educational outcomes for children on average, but do children with multiple indicators of vulnerability benefit from these safety net programs? This study draws on a randomly assigned pilot of a community implemented cash transfer program targeted to households with low socioeconomic status in Tanzania to examine the educational impacts of cash transfers for children facing different challenges. We find that on average, being assigned to receive cash transfers significantly boosts children’s school participation (between 8 and 10 percentage points) and primary completion rates (between 14 and 16 percentage points). But we provide suggestive evidence that these gains are unequally distributed across children. The poorest children in our sample are more likely to experience gains along the extensive margin (i.e., higher likelihood of ever attending school), whereas the less poor children are more likely to experience gains along the intensive margin (i.e., higher likelihood of primary school completion). Girls and boys benefit approximately equally. Finally, educational gains are concentrated among students who were performing better in school at baseline. Cash transfers benefit vulnerable children, but they do not benefit all vulnerable children equally, nor in the same ways. www.cgdev. org David K. Evans, Charles Gale, and Katrina Kosec
AVOIDANCE OF CYCLICAL REFERENCE OF FOREIGN KEYS IN DATA MODELING USING THE ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL

The entity-relationship (ER) model is clearly established as a conceptual model of choice when building relational database systems. Once the ER model is built, it can be mapped algorithmically to the relational model and consequently to the data definition language (DDL) of SQL. Algorithmic mapping of the ER model to the relational model can produce foreign keys referencing each other’s tables cyclically. This cyclical reference of foreign keys generates irresolvable deadlocks when enforcing the referential integrity rule using the cascading option. However, it is not obvious for database designers while building an ER model. In this article, we provide a set of rules of ER modeling for avoiding cyclical references of foreign keys.
Spirulina powder as a source of carotenoid on pigmentation in the skin of dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalius

In the present study juveniles of Trichogaster lalius were exposed to different concentration of spirulina powder incorporated diets to observe the impact in pigmentation of the respective fish in the captive condition. Three different concentration feed were prepared by incorporating spirulina powder at the rate of 2 g/kg (A-2), 4 g/kg (A-4) and 6 g/kg (A-6) feed and one kept as control. Eight set of glass aquarium of 50 l capacity (30 × 30 × 30 cm) were used for 4 set of experiment with their respective replicates. The impact of spirulina treated feed on skin pigmentation of fishes was analyzed for a period of 60 days. The overall variation in carotenoid level of skin was observed at different wave length i.e. 450 nm, 475 nm and 500 nm. At 450 nm wave length maximum carotenoid accumulation was observed in skin of those fish fed on 2g/kg followed by 4g/kg, 6g/kg spirulina powder incorporated diet and control. At 475 nm wave length the maximum carotenoid accumulation was observed on fish feed 6g/kg spirulina powder incorporated diet, and at 500 nm wave length maximum amount of carotenoid was recorded in 2g/kg followed by 6g/kg, 4g/kg spirulina powder incorporating diet and control. There was significant increased (P
Radioactive liquid wastes discharged to ground in the 200 Areas during 1976

An overall summary is presented giving the radioactive liquid wastes discharged to ground during 1976 and since startup (for both total and decayed depositions) within the Production and Waste Management Division control zone (200 Area plateau). Overall summaries are also presented for 200 East Area and for 200 West Area. The data contain an estimate of the radioactivity discharged to individual ponds, cribs and specific retention sites within the Production and Waste Management Division during 1976 and from startup through December 31, 1976; an estimate of the decayed activities from startup through 1976; the location and reference drawings of each disposal site; and the usage dates of each disposal site. The estimates for the radioactivity discharged and for decayed activities dicharged from startup through December 31, 1976 are based upon Item 4 of the Bibliography. The volume of liquid discharged to the ponds also includes major nonradioactive streams. The wastes discharged during 1976 to each active disposal site are detailed on a month-to-month basis, along with the monthly maximum concentration and average concentration data. An estimate of the radioactivity discharged to each active site along with the remaining decayed activities is given.
Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac ion channelopathy characterised by a variable degree of QT interval prolongation on ECG and an increased susceptibility to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation)

LQTS is estimated to affect one in 2,000 individuals. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, with a mean age at presentation of 14 years; the annual rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in untreated patients is estimated to be between 0.33 % and 0.9 %, and the rate of syncope is 5 %. Mutations in 17 genes have been associated with LQTS. The subtypes of LQTS can be grouped into three categories:
Semidefinite Relaxation for the Dominating Set Problem

It is a well-known fact that finding a minimum dominating set and consequently finding the domination number of a general graph is an NP-complete problem. Here, we first model this problem as nonlinear binary optimization problems and then extract two closely related semidefinite relaxations. For each of these relaxations, different rounding algorithms are exploited to produce near-optimal dominating sets. Feasibility of the generated solutions and efficiency of the algorithms are analyzed.
Fusion of Hyperspectral and Multispectral Images Based on a Non-locally Centralized Sparse Model of Abundance Maps Fusión

Context: Systems that acquire hyperspectral (HS) images have opened a wide field of applications in different areas, such as remote sensing and computer vision applications. However, hardware restrictions may limit the performance of such applications because of the low spatial resolution of obtained hyperspectral images. In the state-of-the-art, the fusion of a HS image with low spatial resolution panchromatic (PAN) or multispectral (MS) images with high spatial resolution has been efficiently employed to computationally improve the resolution of the HS source. The problem of fusing images is traditionally described as an ill-posed inverse problem whose solution is obtained assuming that the high spatial resolution HS (HR-HS) image is sparse in an analytic or learned dictionary. Method: This paper proposes a non-locally centralized sparse representation model on a set of learned dictionaries to spatially regularize the fusion problem. Besides, we consider the linear mixing model that decomposes the measured spectrum into a collection of constituent spectra (endmembers) and a set of corresponding fractions (abundance) maps to take advantage of the intrinsic properties and low dimensionality of HS images. The spatial-spectral dictionaries are learned from the estimated abundance maps exploiting the spectral correlation between abundance maps and the non-local self-similarity in the spatial domain. Then, an alternating iterative algo-rithm is employed to solve the fusion problem conditionally on the learned dictionaries. Results: After using real data, the results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods under various quantitative metrics: RMSE, UIQI, SAM, ERGAS, PSNR, and DD. Conclusions: This paper proposes a novel fusion model
Sovereign bond spreads and CDS premia in the Eurozone: A causality analysis

This article presents an analysis of the possible relationship between the spreads of sovereign bonds and the premia of credit default swaps (CDS) to determine whether they are useful tools for the measurement of the sovereign risk either separately or by taking into account the joint evolution of their values. The data refer to ten countries in the Eurozone along 2008–2016. By applying the causality Granger test for these variables, after six different ways of proxy, CDS premia are found to be the cause of the risk spreads in certain cases, although a bidirectional relationship is predominant in many other cases. So the CDS market contains clear and highly useful information on the sovereign risk.
Effects of microbial-fertilizers on the morphological parameters and biochemical content of Cow pea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. – A biotechnological approach

© 2021 African Journal of Biological Sciences.This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Abstract The use of chemical fertilizers and agrochemicals has dangerous effects on both environment and human health. Frequently used chemical fertilizers to increase crop yields and reload soil nutrients have been extinguished by the soil for many years resulting in severe soil microbial communities with serious health and environmental risks. They pollute cultivated land and accumulate in the foodwebs and infect humanity. One of these strategies is based on the use of microbial fertilizers resulting in the field test to solve problems. For this reason in this field experiment was performed with an objective to assess the effects of different microbial fertilizers on preference parameters of cow pea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. The trial was carried out under the following scheme T1 – Control, T2 – Vermicompost (VC), T3 – Rhizobium, T4 – AMF , T5 – Rhizobium + VC , T6 – VC + AMF, T7 – Rhizobium + VC + AMF application. There is an end to the use of single and combination of microbial fertilizers gave the energetic expressed as shoot and root length, number of leaves, total leaf area, fresh and dry weight, as well as the chlorophylls, carotinoid, protein aminoacid and carbohydrates of cow pea seedlings. Increasing among the parameters led to a better positive result of the composition of the microbial fertilizers leading to the efficient action of the morphological and all biochemical mechanisms.
End-to-End Differentiable GANs for Text Generation

Despite being widely used, text generation models trained with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) suffer from known limitations. Due to a mismatch between training and inference, they suffer from exposure bias. Generative adversarial networks (GANs), on the other hand, by leveraging a discriminator, can mitigate these limitations. However, discrete nature of text makes the model non-differentiable hindering training. To deal with this issue, the approaches proposed so far, using re-inforcement learning or softmax approximatons are unstable and have been shown to underperform MLE. In this work, we consider an alternative setup where we represent each word by a pretrained vector. We modify the generator to output a sequence of such word vectors and feed them directly to the discriminator making the training process differentiable. Through experiments on unconditional text generation with Wasserstein GANs, we ﬁnd that while this approach, without any pretraining is more stable while training and outperforms other GAN based approaches, it still falls behind MLE. We posit that this gap is due to autoregressive nature and architectural requirements for text generation as well as a fundamental difference between the deﬁnition of Wasserstein distance in image and text domains.
Analysis of various transfer functions for binary owl search algorithm in feature selection problem

ABSTRACT Owl Search Algorithm (OSA) is a recently proposed nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm which is easily implementable and exhibits great potential for solving continuous optimization problems. In our earlier work, a binary version of owl search algorithm (BOSA), with transfer functions for mapping the continuous solution space into a binary one, has been developed and applied in optimal feature subset selection problem. In our preliminary simulation experiments, it was found that the performance of the solution depends on the type of transfer function used. In this work, an extensive analysis of various types of transfer functions and their respective effects on the selection of optimal feature subset has been studied by simulation experiments with multiple benchmark datasets. Transfer functions of three different families, S-shaped, V-shaped and quadratic, are used for designing eleven BOSA models, each of which is made by combining individual transfer function. The performances of the proposed wrapper based feature subset selection algorithm based on several BOSA models have been evaluated by simulation experiments with twenty datasets for finding out the best model. The best observed BOSA model has also been compared with other similar meta-heuristics algorithms for feature subset selection. Experimental results show that the feature subset selected by BOSA with quadratic transfer function produces the highest classification accuracy with the minimum number of selected features compared to other algorithms.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA

Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) play an essential role in economic development as part of the financial system. In Kenya, 63% of population benefit from SACCOs. SACCOs are now a vital instrument embraced by Kenyan Government towards incre are tending towards a cashless economy. In light of this, various scholars have conducted studies on financial performance within the SACCO movement and using various variables. However, CAMELS model in their studies. This study was thus different from the previous ones as it adopted the CAMELS model in evaluating the factors that influence the financial performance of SACCOs measured by the return on asset (ROA). The study was guided by the following research Objectives: Kisumu County; to evaluate the extent to which asset quality influences financial performanc Kisumu County; to find out how corporate management influences financial performance of SACCOs in Kisumu County and; to examine how liquidity management influences financial performance of SACCOs in Kisumu County. Towards meeting these objec directors and finance managers at the 31registered SACCOs in the County that are operational. The sample size of 53 respondents was derived using the Yamane model; pilot testing was done validity of the research tools. In the study, both secondary and primary data were used. While secondary data was obtained from authoritative documentations from the target units, primary data was collected by use of sem structured questionnaires administered to 31 managing directors and 22 finance managers of SACCOs in Kisumu County. Obtained data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. For non quantitative data, content analysis was a study concluded that financial performance of SACCOs in Kisumu County is influenced by capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, management efficiency and Liquidity management. As explained implying that capital adequacy, Asset Quality, and Liquidity Management, holding other factors constant contributed 42.11% of the variation in the Return on Asset. The p regression model variables as it was less than α= 0.05. The study established that Capital Adequacy plays a key role in determining the financial performance of SACCOs. With regard strong positive correlation with financial performance. The study recommended that the management of the SACCOs to take good care of the Assets as they play a major role in generating the financ needed to put in place a proper management team to ensure prudent management of finances.