Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Earthquake–Tsunami Multi-Hazard Analysis: Application to the Tohoku Region, Japan

This study develops a novel simulation-based procedure for the estimation of the likelihood that seismic intensity (in terms of spectral acceleration) and tsunami inundation (in terms of wave height), at a particular location, will exceed given hazard levels. The procedure accounts for a common physical rupture process for shaking and tsunami. Numerous realizations of stochastic slip distributions of earthquakes having different magnitudes are generated using scaling relationships of source parameters for subduction zones and then using a stochastic synthesis method of earthquake slip distribution. Probabilistic characterization of earthquake and tsunami intensity parameters is carried out by evaluating spatially correlated strong motion intensity through the adoption of ground motion prediction equations as a function of magnitude and shortest distance from the rupture plane and by solving nonlinear shallow water equations for tsunami wave propagation and inundation. The minimum number of simulations required to obtain stable estimates of seismic and tsunami intensity measures is investigated through a statistical bootstrap analysis. The main output of the proposed procedure is the earthquake-tsunami hazard curves representing, for each mean annual rate of occurrence, the corresponding seismic and inundation tsunami intensity measures. This simulation-based procedure facilitates the earthquake-tsunami hazard deaggregation with respect to magnitude and distance. Results are particularly useful for multi-hazard mapping purposes and the developed framework can be further extended to probabilistic earthquake-tsunami risk assessment.
The Multiscale Interaction of Vibrational Energy Transfer and Turbulent Combustion in Supersonic Flows

Abstract : The project was initiated to try and obtain answers to two basic questions: (1) Do non-equilibrium energy distributions affect macroscopic reaction rates? (2) Can these effects be leveraged for control in design of scramjets? The results obtained during the course of this project indicate that both these questions can be answered affirmatively, but the answers were surprising and non-intuitive. Our results have shown that in a co-flow hydrogen jet injector vibrational non-equilibrium delays ignition, but for a highly under-expanded hydrogen jet in a supersonic cross-flow (as in the Hyshot configuration) vibrational non-equilibrium results in a shorter ignition delay with the flame stabilizing further upstream. This demonstrates that vibrational non-equilibrium can be used to improve flame stability in a suitably designed scramjet. A high speed jet flame facility was designed and constructed. Rayleigh and Raman scattering measurements were made in this flow to obtain non-intrusive temperature measurements. Using a sheet of laser light single shot Rayleigh scattering was used to obtain instantaneous measurements of translational temperature in a plane. The Raman scattering measurements were point measurements and averaged over multiple laser shots to determine independent rotational and vibrational temperatures using high dispersion measurements of Stokes Raman scattering. The Rayleigh measurements were used to determine the probability distribution function (pdf) of the turbulent fluctuations.
Correction of Crooked Nail Deformity by Modified Osteoplastic Reconstruction

&NA; To correct crooked nail deformity, which results from the partial loss of the distal phalanx, soft‐tissue restoration alone is usually not enough to restore the length and shape of the nail structure. The authors treated 10 crooked nail fingertips by modified osteoplastic reconstruction, which included the elevation of the dorsally based volar skin flap and an iliac bone graft covered by an adequate skin flap. During the postoperative follow‐up, the nail straightened, although not to the preinjury extent, along the restored distal phalanx with bony support. The authors' osteoplastic reconstruction, which involves the enhancement of the fingertips with composite tissues, presents a practical method for the correction of crooked nail deformity. Lee Y, Kwon S, Ko K. Correction of crooked nail deformity by modified osteoplastic reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2000;45:264‐268
BLIP-II Is a Highly Potent Inhibitor of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC-2)

ABSTRACT β-Lactamase inhibitory protein II (BLIP-II) is a potent inhibitor of class A β-lactamases. KPC-2 is a class A β-lactamase that is capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems and has become a widespread source of resistance to these drugs for Gram-negative bacteria. Determination of association and dissociation rate constants for binding between BLIP-II and KPC-2 reveals a very tight interaction with a calculated (koff/kon) equilibrium dissociation constant of 76 fM (76 × 10−15 M).
Numerical IGBT junction temperature calculation method for lifetime estimation of power semiconductors in the wind power converters

Power converters are crucial components of the wind turbine generator system (WTGS), and the reliability of wind power converters is susceptible to power fluctuations of the WTGS. The accurate lifetime estimation of power semiconductors should consider the long-time mission profiles of the WTGS. However, the existing junction temperature calculation methods don't meet the requirement for performance of accuracy and speed. Therefore, this paper proposes a junction temperature calculation method for insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). The proposed method calculates the switching cycle junction temperature of IGBT modules based on the electro-thermal analogy, then the entire fundamental frequency junction temperature are obtained iteratively via consecutive switching cycles. Performance of accuracy and speed of the proposed method is evaluated through a case study of a 1.8 MW wind power converter. Performance comparison of the proposed method with the electrical-thermal simulation and the analytical calculation is also conducted. Results show that the proposed method ensures the calculation accuracy as the electrical-thermal simulation, but greatly reduces the computational time in comparison to the electro-thermal simulation method. This proposed method can be applied in the lifetime estimation of power semiconductors considering a long time mission profiles.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEM BARK OF DIOSPYROS MESPILIFORMIS HOCHST ( EBENACEAE )

According to ethnomedicinal information plant Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst (Ebenaceae) is commonly known as Kanya in Northern Nigeria which has been used widely in treating various ailments such as fever, whooping cough, wounds. Malaria, Pneumonia, Syphilis, Leprosy, Dermatomycoses, Diarrhea without scientific validation. Preliminary Phytochemical screening, Thin layer chromatographic profile of methanol crude extract and antiproliferative studies were carried out in this research. Preliminary Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Carbohydrate, Glycoside, Anthraquinone, Steroid, Triterpenes, Saponin, Tannins, Flavonoids and Alkaloid. TLC profile of the crude extract gave four sports with good Rf values. Antiproliferative evaluation were carried out using Guinea corn (Sorghum bicolour) seeds spread in a 9 cm wide petridish laid with cotton wool and Whatman filter paper which was treated with 1-30 mg/ml of methanolic extract in 24-96 hr period of incubation. At 24 hrs of incubation, the methanol extracts had 24.771 ± 0.526 mm length of growth for the controls whereas the seeds treated with 10, 20, and 30 mg/ml of the extract produced a length total of 2.772 ± 0.494 mm, 2.150 ± 0.490 mm and 2.257 ± 0.489 mm respectively, while at the end of 96 hours of incubation period, the radicles length of the control seeds measured 93.77 ± 9.730 mm while those treated with 10, 20, and 30 mg/ml were observed to be 37 ± 3.297 mm, 17.023 ± 2.802 mm and 16.086 ± 1.976 mm. This reduction in the growth implied 60.54, 81.87 and 82.83% respectively compared to the controls. All data were expressed as mean±SEM and one way Analysis of Variance Anova statistical test using SAS Version 9.2 to test the significance. P<0.05 was considered Significance.This study has scientifically justified the traditional uses of Diospyros mespiliformis stem bark extracts for it has an antiproliferative property against radicles of a Guinea corn (Sorghum bicolour) which may relate to its use as anticancer agent. However, use of cancer cell lines will further confirm this claim. Keyword-Antiproliferative effects , Diospyros Mespiliformis, Phytochemical,
Role of Endosomal Cathepsins in Entry Mediated by the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Using chemical inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA), we have confirmed roles for cathepsin B (CatB) and cathepsin L (CatL) in Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP)-mediated infection. Treatment of Ebola virus GP pseudovirions with CatB and CatL converts GP1 from a 130-kDa to a 19-kDa species. Virus with 19-kDa GP1 displays significantly enhanced infection and is largely resistant to the effects of the CatB inhibitor and siRNA, but it still requires a low-pH-dependent endosomal/lysosomal function. These and other results support a model in which CatB and CatL prime GP by generating a 19-kDa intermediate that can be acted upon by an as yet unidentified endosomal/lysosomal enzyme to trigger fusion.
Rocking Long Period Gratings in Single Mode Fibers

We report novel rocking long period gratings (R-LPGs) made by introducing permanent periodic twist along a standard single mode fiber. Very high coupling efficiency of 32.5 dB was achieved with 23 periods and a 2° rocking angle. The responses of R-LPGs to temperature, strain, and torsion were tested. Compared with a normal LPG written under the same conditions, the R-LPGs were found to have a similar sensitivity to temperature, five times smaller sensitivity to strain, and insensitive to twist.
Melatonin improved rat cardiac mitochondria and survival rate in septic heart injury

The pathogenesis of septic myocardial depression is complicated. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to be one of the main reasons for the reduced cardiac function. As melatonin is an antioxidant with the potential to scavenge radicals in mitochondria, we therefore employed a sepsis model, that is, cecal ligation and double puncture (CLP) in rats, to study the melatonin effects on: (i), myocardial mitochondrial function; (ii), heart systolic function; and (iii), prognosis of septic rats. We demonstrate that melatonin treatment (30 mg/kg, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 hr after CLP) (i) improved myocardial cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX) activity and blood lactate level, (ii) attenuated heart dysfunction with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), and (iii) promoted 48‐h survival of the rats compared to CLP animals with no melatonin treatment. In conclusion, our results show that rat myocardial mitochondrial CcOX activity was depressed during severe sepsis accompanied by myocardial depression characterized by the decline of EF. In septic rats, melatonin increased the CcOX activity, improved heart systolic function, and lowered mortality rate. The clinical use of melatonin in septic myocardial depression should be tested in the future.
Atopic dermatitis and skin disease Risk analysis of early childhood eczema

Background: The increasing prevalence of eczema suggests the role of environmental factors triggering a genetic predisposition. Objective: To analyze the effect of environmental exposures in early life and genetic predisposition on the development of eczema before age 3 years. Methods: The Copenhagen Study on Asthma in Childhood is a prospective clinical study of a birth cohort of 411 children born of mothers with asthma. Eczema was diagnosed, treated, and monitored at the clinical research unit, and complete follow-up for the first 3 years of life was available for 356 children. Risk assessments included filaggrin loss-of-function mutation; parent’s atopic disease; sex; social status; previous deliveries; third trimester complications and exposures; anthropometrics at birth; month of birth; duration solely breast-fed; introduction of egg, cow’s milk, and fish; time spent in day care; cat and dog at home; feather pillow; nicotine in infant’s hair; and temperature and humidity in bedroom. Results: Eczema developed in 43.5% of the infants. Filaggrin mutation (odds ratio [OR], 3.20; 95% CI, 1.46-7.02; P 5 .004), mother’s eczema (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.70-4.63; P < .0001), and father’s allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.09-3.33; P 5 .02) were directly associated with risk of eczema. Risk of eczema was significantly reduced by birth length (OR per cm increase, 0.87;
Neonatal Blue Light Phototherapy and Melanocytic Nevus Count in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies

Neonatal blue light phototherapy (NBLP) is an established method of managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Approximately 5% of newborns are exposed to NBLP. Evidence of whether NBLP predisposes to the development of melanocytic nevi later in life has been conflicting.
Test Results of Superconducting Combined Function Prototype Magnets for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line

Superconducting combined function magnets are adopted for the 50 GeV, 750 kW proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment, and two full-scale prototype magnets have been developed successfully at KEK. In the cold tests, both prototypes were excited up to 7700 A without spontaneous quenches. The measured field quality of the both prototypes agreed well with the design field, indicating that the fabrication process has no major problem. The heater quench tests of the first prototype, however, showed that the magnet was not self-protected. Consequently, the design was revised and quench protection heaters were adopted. In quench heater tests of the second prototype magnet using small sheet heaters, the fundamental characteristics of the quench protection heaters were studied
Localization in two- and three-dimensional systems away from the band center.

Extensive numerical results using finite-size-scaling methods for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) disordered systems are presented for eigenenergies E different from zero. Single-parameter scaling law is satisfied for all of our results in both 2D and 3D systems. In 2D we find only localized states, however, the localization length does not have its maximum at the band center. In 3D, the dependence of the mobility edge on the strength of the diagonal order is obtained. These results are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the predictions of the coherent-potential approximation and the potential-well analogy.
Technology-Facilitated Diagnosis and Treatment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Engineering Perspective

The rapid development of computer and robotic technologies in the last decade is giving hope to perform earlier and more accurate diagnoses of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and more effective, consistent, and cost-conscious treatment. Besides the reduced cost, the main benefit of using technology to facilitate treatment is that stimuli produced during each session of the treatment can be controlled, which not only guarantees consistency across different sessions, but also makes it possible to focus on a single phenomenon, which is difficult even for a trained professional to perform, and deliver the stimuli according to the treatment plan. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of research on recent technology-facilitated diagnosis and treat of children and adults with ASD. Different from existing reviews on this topic, which predominantly concern clinical issues, we focus on the engineering perspective of autism studies. All technology facilitated systems used for autism studies can be modeled as human machine interactive systems where one or more participants would constitute as the human component, and a computer-based or a robotic-based system would be the machine component. Based on this model, we organize our review with the following questions: (1) What are presented to the participants in the studies and how are the content and delivery methods enabled by technologies? (2) How are the reactions/inputs collected from the participants in response to the stimuli in the studies? (3) Are the experimental procedure and programs presented to participants dynamically adjustable based on the responses from the participants, and if so, how? and (4) How are the programs assessed?
Improved acid tolerance of a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli expressing genes from the acidophilic bacterium Oenococcus oeni

Aims: Oenococcus oeni is a lactic acid bacterium used in wine fermentation. Two open reading frames (orfB and orfC) were identified in the upstream region of the hsp18 gene, encoding the small heat‐shock protein Lo18. Expression of these genes in conditions of acid stress was studied in Escherichia coli.
Direct torque and flux control of speed sensorless five-phase interior permanent magnet motor based on adaptive sliding mode control

In this paper, a nonlinear controller is developed based on adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) for direct torque and flux control of a speed sensorless five-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM). A sliding mode torque and flux controller is developed to improve the classical direct torque control performance. Having 32 space voltage vectors in space vector modulation (SVM) provides a great flexibility in selecting the inverter switching states. Therefore, the stator flux and torque can be more precisely adjusted. The switching pattern of inverter is designed so that the zero sequence currents are approximately eliminated. An effective method is proposed for motor speed estimation. The novel simple method of maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) will introduce. With the proposed control system, the controlled IPMSM drive possesses the advantage of good transient performance robustness to parametric uncertainties. The proposed control method in this paper is supported by computer simulation results.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in familial prostate cancer in a Japanese population

Aim: Vitamin D acts as an antiproliferative agent against prostate cells. Epidemiological study has shown that a low level of serum vitamin D concentration is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Vitamin D acts via vitamin D receptor (VDR), and an association of genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene has been reported. In the current study, we examined the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with familial prostate cancer in a Japanese population.
Ant-DYMO: A bio-inspired algorithm for MANETS

Mobile ad hoc networks are a set of wireless mobile devices that communicate without fixed infrastructure, forming temporary networks dynamically. Each node in such a network is more than a data receiver/sender, it is also a router that forwards data packets to its proper destination. The main characteristics of ad hoc networks are frequent change in the network topology, limited power of its links and restriction on the bandwidth. A routing protocol for ad hoc networks is composed of a routing algorithm with a set of rules that monitor the operation of the network. Thus, the nodes participating in the network have an important role in the management of resources in ad hoc networks. Ant-based routing is an efficient routing scheme based on the behavior of foraging ants. The study of the collective behavior of ants shows that they are able to find the shortest path from the nest to a food source, using a particular mode of communication by the means of a chemical substance called pheromones. This work uses a mechanism from collective intelligence applied to ad hoc networks, in particular the application of ants for routing in ad hoc networks. We have brought some characteristics from the Dynamic MANET On-demand Routing protocol and other MANET protocols in order to propose the new routing algorithm, called Ant-DYMO. We compare Ant-DYMO with DYMO, and we show that our proposition has improved the packet loss and the end-to-end delay.
The Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication that often occurs in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. HRS is a functional renal failure that develops mainly as a consequence of a severe cardiovascular dysfunction which is characterized by an extreme splanchnic arterial vasodilation and a reduction of cardiac output. HRS may develop in two clinical types: as an acute and rapidly progressive renal failure (AKI-HRS) or as chronic and not progressive renal failure (CKD-HRS). Several small studies and some randomized control studies have been published on the use of terlipressin plus albumin in the treatment of HRS, mainly on AKI-HRS. Terlipressin plus albumin was shown to improve renal function in almost 35-45% of patients with AKI-HRS, as well as to improve short-term survival in these patients. Terlipressin was most commonly used by intravenous boluses moving from an initial dose of 0.5-1 mg every 4 h to 3 mg every 4 h in the case of a nonresponse. In other studies, terlipressin was also given by continuous intravenous infusion. Thus, the best way to administer terlipressin in the treatment of HRS has not yet been defined. α-Adrenergic drugs, such as intravenous norepinephrine or oral midodrine plus subcutaneous octreotide, administered with albumin have also been used in the treatment of AKI-HRS, with promising results. However, we need further studies in order to define whether they can represent a real therapeutic alternative. In conclusion, available data are sufficient to state that the use of terlipressin plus albumin has really changed the management of HRS. Nevertheless, some crucial unsolved issues still exist, in particular: (a) how to predict nonresponse to treatment, (b) how to manage nonresponse to treatment and (c) how to consider the response in those patients who are candidates for liver transplant in the priority allocation process.
Axially Oriented Crystal Geometry Applied to Small-Animal PET System: A Proof of Concept

Improving resolution without decreasing sensitivity in positron emission tomography (PET) is of great interest for small animal studies. Traditional PET scanners use radially oriented detector block structures. This geometry implies a relationship between the spatial resolution and the sensitivity. An axially oriented crystal geometry can limit this correlation. With a fine measurement of the depth of interaction (DOI) and a continuous measurement of the axial interaction position, this axial geometry can provide high resolution and remove parallax effects. With a careful choice of the crystal and providing enough crystal elements in the radial direction, a good sensitivity can be achieved. Such improvements also allow a more accurate gamma tracking and Compton analysis of the events, indirectly increasing the sensitivity. We have proposed a PET scanner in which LYSO crystals are axially oriented and coupled at both ends by multichannel photo-detectors. The gamma interaction position is given by the hit crystals for the transverse plane and by the light spread on both photo-detectors for the axial direction. The axial position of the events is reconstructed using a calibration procedure and the transverse position is reconstructed using a clustering algorithm. In this paper, we present a complete simulation work flow, including the physical effects, the optical and electronic effects, as well as a reconstruction algorithm. A point sources phantom was used to evaluate the spatial resolutions, and a MOBY phantom was used for overall image quality evaluation. This paper shows that using four modules arranged around the animal, a volumetric spatial resolution below 1 mm3 can be achieved while keeping a detection efficiency close to 10%.