Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRONG GROUND MOTIONS AND DAMAGE PATTERNS FROM THE 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE IN TURKEY

The M w , 7.1 Duzce earthquake occurred on 12 November 1999 along the North Anatolian Fault in northwestern Turkey. This paper documents observations from a field reconnaissance team, addressing two principal aspects of this significant earthquake: the recorded ground motions and the distribution and severity of the earthquake effects on the built environment. In general, the recorded ground motions from this earthquake were smaller than predicted by ground motion predictive equations available at the time of the event. One anomalous recording is presented and potential causes for this irregular motion based on observations from field reconnaissance are discussed. The effects of rupture directivity on the near-fault recordings are assessed and the effects of soil conditions on the recorded ground motions are examined. The patterns of building damage based on post-earthquake reconnaissance are presented for the most strongly shaken cities in the near-fault region: Duzce, Kaynasli, and Bolu. Damage in Duzce was concentrated in the southern part of the city, which is underlain by softer sediments. Damage in Bolu was distributed evenly throughout the city; whereas damage was concentrated on more recent alluvial sediments in Kaynasli. No evidence of liquefaction or ground failure was observed in the populated areas surveyed after the earthquake.
Incidence, Correlates, and Origins of Dioecy in the Island Flora of New Caledonia

Premise of research. Because it is an inherently risky sexual system, dioecy is globally rare. Attempts to explain unusually high incidences of dioecy on certain islands have generated a considerable literature on the relationships among dioecy, its ecological correlates, establishment after transoceanic dispersal, and postdispersal speciation. Nevertheless, few studies of dioecy on islands have included considerations of the origins and maintenance of dioecy on islands along with determinations of its incidence. Methodology. We used the literature, herbarium specimens, and fieldwork to determine the incidence of dioecy in the native angiosperm flora of New Caledonia. We inferred the number and characteristics of colonists needed to account for the extant dioecious flora. We made traditional species-based numerical assessments of associations between dioecy on New Caledonia and woodiness, plain flowers, fleshy fruit, habitat, and endemism, and we constructed a phylogenetic tree for New Caledonia’s native angiosperms to investigate correlated evolution of dioecy and those associated traits. Pivotal results. This study is the first comprehensive survey of sexual systems for the flora of New Caledonia. One-fifth of New Caledonia’s native angiosperms are dioecious. Dioecy is numerically overrepresented among species that are woody, have plain flowers, have fleshy fruit, occur in rainforest, or are endemic. However, we found strong evidence for correlated evolution only for dioecy and woodiness, plain flowers, and fleshy fruit. Dioecious groups with more of the widely accepted morphological correlates of dioecy tend to be more speciose. Approximately 90% of the colonists that gave rise to the extant dioecious flora were themselves dioecious. Approximately 60% of the colonists have two or more dioecious descendants, and those descendants comprise more than 90% of the extant dioecious species. Conclusions. Successful dispersal and establishment of already dioecious colonists and autochthonous speciation of dioecious lineages are primarily responsible for the high incidence of dioecy on New Caledonia. There were relatively few postdispersal transitions to dioecy. The associations of dioecy with woodiness, plain flowers, and fleshy fruit result from correlated evolution that occurred prior to dispersal to New Caledonia, while the associations of dioecy with rainforest habitat and endemism appear to result from autochthonous speciation of dioecious lineages. With ∼4% of the world’s dioecious species occurring only there, New Caledonia should be a rich source of new information on the evolutionary ecology of dioecy. Realization of this potential will require both further study and concerted efforts to preserve the native flora.
Climate Change and Carbon Capture and Storage

We study optimal carbon capture and storage (CCS), taking into account damages incurred from the accumulation of carbon in the atmosphere and exhaustibility of fossil fuel reserves. High carbon concentrations call for full CCS. We identify conditions under which partial or no CCS is optimal. In the absence of CCS the CO2 stock might be inverted U-shaped. With CCS more complicated behavior may arise. It can be optimal to have full capture initially, yielding a decreasing stock, then partial capture while keeping the CO2 stock constant, and a final phase without capturing but with an inverted U-shaped CO2 stock.
RESTRICTED MOST POWERFUL BAYESIAN TESTS A Dissertation by SCOTT DAVID GODDARD Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Uniformly most powerful Bayesian tests (UMPBTs) are defined to be Bayesian tests that maximize the probability that the Bayes factor against a fixed null hypothesis exceeds a specified evidence threshold. Unfortunately, UMPBTs exist only in a relatively limited number of testing scenarios, and in particular they cannot be defined for most tests involving linear models. In this dissertation, I generalize the notion of UMPBTs by restricting the class of alternative hypotheses that are considered in the test of a given null hypothesis. I call the resulting class of Bayesian hypothesis tests restricted most powerful Bayesian tests (RMPBTs). I then derive RMPBTs for linear models by restricting the class of possible alternative hypotheses to g-priors. An important feature of the resulting class of tests is that their rejection regions coincide with the rejection regions of usual frequentist F -tests, provided that the evidence thresholds for the Bayesian tests are appropriately matched to the size of the classical tests. This correspondence leads to the definition of default Bayes factors for many common tests of linear hypotheses. I illustrate the use of RMPBTs in the special cases of ANOVA and oneand two-sample t-tests. I then use RMPBTs to develop a novel Bayesian variable selection method and compare its performance to other Bayesian tests based on g-priors in a sequence of numerical examples. Finally, a software package for R is detailed which implements the RMPBTs described herein as well as many of the UMPBTs that have been developed.
Care pathways for the organization of patients' care

Care pathways for the organization of patients' care Care pathways, also known as clinical pathways, critical pathways or integrated care pathways, are used all over the world. Although they are used internationally, numerous misunderstandings still surround them. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the history of these pathways, of care pathway development, the effectiveness of care pathways, and of some of the challenges facing current healthcare. Pathways are more than just a document in the patient record. They are a concept for making patient-focused care operational, and for supporting patient group modelling with different levels of predictability. Care pathways are a method within the field of continuous quality improvement and are used in daily practice as a product in the patient record. This paper explains these different issues. Poti nege za organizacijo nege bolnikov Poti nege, ki jih imenujemo tudi klinične poti, kritične poti ali integrirane klinične poti, se uporabljajo po vsem svetu. Čeprav je njihova uporaba mednarodno zelo razširjena, pa koncept poti nege še vedno spremljajo številni nesporazumi. V prispevku podajamo zgodovinski pregled poti nege, njihov razvoj in učinkovitost ter nekatere izzive zdravstvenega varstva danes. Poti niso le dokument v bolnikovem zdravstvenem kartonu, ampak mnogo več. Gre za koncept nege, ki je ciljno usmerjena k bolniku. Hkrati pa tudi pomembno podpira postopke modeliranja skupin bolnikov z različnimi stopnjami predvidljivosti. Poti nege so ena od metod, s katerimi nenehno izboljšujemo kakovost zdravstvenih storitev, v vsakodnevni praksi pa se odražajo v bolnikovem zdravstvenem kartonu. V prispevku opisujemo različne vidike koncepta poti nege.
Jurnal Teknologi Synthesis and Preparation of Asymmetric PSf / ZIF-8 Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO 2 / CH 4 Separation

Utilizing nano-size filler into polymer matrix would overcome challenges in developing MMM by providing good dispersion in polymer matrix, high contact polymer-filler even at low filler loading. Asymmetric neat Polysulfone (PSf) and PSf/Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (PSf/ZIF-8) mixed matrix membrane was prepared using dry/wet inversion method. Membrane prepared was coated with 3wt% of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in n-hexane and undergoes heat treatment. The membranes was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermagravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gas permeation test at 4 bar. XRD pattern revealed that ZIF-8 was successfully synthesis with crystal size around 73nm. Lowered membrane Tg after embodiment of ZIF8 suggests that additional free volume form, while thermal stability up to 350°C related to ZIF-8 stability. Neat PSf prepared shows CO2 permeance at 4.97 GPU with CO2/CH4 selectivity at 7.52. Interestingly, incorporation of ZIF-8 showing improvement for both CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity up to 51% and 47% respectively. Thus, employing nano ZIF-8 as filler into PSf matrix has resultant promising membrane for CO2/CH4 separation.
Biographical Characteristics of Medicinal Plant Sellers in Northern KwaZulu-Natal

Abstract This study was carried out to profile medicinal plant sellers in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa on the basis of selected biographical characteristics. A survey research design was followed, utilizing a questionnaire as the main data collection instrument. Altogether, 56 medicinal plant sellers participated in the study. The results showed that the medicinal plant selling business was dominated by middle-aged to elderly women about forty percent of whom had no basic schooling. All the respondents had dependents to support, and depended on this trade to support their families. The low education levels of the majority of the respondents are worrisome and pointed to a need for capacity building, particularly with regard to responsible harvesting, wastage and business skills. Further, most respondents lacked alternative opportunities for a livelihood due to a lack of training for anything else. Thus, they almost exclusively depended on the sale of medicinal plant products.
METHOD FOR CO-GENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY AND HYDROGEN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

EP 2048 11.0 A1 4/2009 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Jacobsen et al., “Chemistry comes alive” Journal of Chemical Edu cation, vol. 3, pp. 1-6 1999. International Search Report issued in International Application No. PCT/FR2010/000546 dated Dec. 3, 2010 (with translation). Primary Examiner — Jane Rhee (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Oliff & Berridge, PLC (57) ABSTRACT A method for simultaneous co-generation of electric energy and hydrogen by totally electrochemical means which includes an electricity storage phase by electrolysis of an electrolysable metal Solution and formation of a hydrogen electrolysable metal battery cell and, an electricity recovery and hydrogen generation phase by operation of said battery cell. The electrolysable metal is chosen from zinc, nickel and manganese.
Interrelationship of Properties of PPFRC

The study is aimed at determining the interrelationship between various mechanical properties of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete (PFRC). The existing Indian standard recommendations for characteristics relationships for normal-strength concrete were evaluated to determine their validity for PFRC. M 30 PFRC mix was analyzed in terms of compressive strength, modulus of rupture, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The Indian standard IS: 456 [13] relationships for the prediction of the modulus of rupture and the splitting tensile resulted in non-conservative results for PFRC; an alternative relationship is proposed for the PFRC while the results for Modulus of Elasticity were close to the relationship given by IS
Development of a Flexible Multibody Model to Simulate Nonlinear Effects in Printing Process

Modern high speed printing machines are able to print up to 700 m/min. At this rate, little excita-tions lead to vibrations, which may lead to loss of contact between the rollers (bouncing). This bouncing results in white stripes, being visible on the printed image. To enable the simulation of the whole printing process, including effects like bouncing, a discrete multibody model is developed. The rollers are modeled by several rigid bodies. These bodies are connected to each other by rotational springs, which allow simulation of the first bending eigenmodes of each roller. The contact area between the rollers is modeled by several nonlinear translational springs and damping elements. These elements change their stiffness and damping values depending on the distance between the rollers. If a defined distance is exceeded, the values become zero, which represents the loss of contact (bouncing). The unknown spring and damping elements of this model are parametrized with help of an experimental modal analysis. This paper presents the development of a flexible multibody model to simulate nonlinear effects in printing process.
Psychological experiences in South African society before the 2010 FIFA World Cup from the systems psychodynamic and positive psychology perspectives

Orientation: The researchers conducted a literature review to analyse the assumptions of systems psychodynamics, the Tavistock model of group relations, object relations theory and the most relevant constructs in the systems psychodynamic perspective. They then described the assumptions and most relevant constructs in the positive psychology perspective in order to analyse theoretically the psychological effect of large-scale sports events on a community or country. The objective of the empirical study was to investigate some of the unconscious emotions, fears, anxieties and conflicts (dynamics) that prevailed in South Africa before the 2010 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup and some of the positive emotional experiences associated with it. Research purpose: The objective of this study was to analyse and describe the psychological experiences of South Africans before the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Research design, approach and method: The researchers conducted the study from the systems psychodynamic and positive psychology perspectives. The study comprised a qualitative, explorative and social phenomenological study. The researchers conducted interviews with a wide range of their colleagues and clients. Main findings: The results seemed to indicate that South Africans had had a number of positive and negative experiences before the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Practical/managerial implications: The researchers presented the findings as a number of systems psychodynamic and positive psychology themes. Contribution/value-add: This study presents original research that contributes valuable new knowledge to the positive psychology and systems psychodynamic perspectives.
Vacuum tribology testing of alloyed MoS 2 films at VTM model of TriboLAB

TriboLAB is an experiment on space tribology that will be carried out at the EuTEF module of ESA Columbus Laboratory at the ISS. A Vacuum TriboLAB Model (VTM) has been designed and developed prior to the Flight Model (FM) to serve as a testing equipment and evaluate “on ground” tribological data of selected lubricants, comparing the results with those to be obtained at the environment of the ISS. The VTM of TriboLAB can perform ball bearing and pin-on-disc tests of lubricants. The characteristics and performance of this experimental equipment will be presented in this conference. This work reports on the performance of these solid lubricant films in the pin-on-disc section of VTM model. Tribological tests have been carried out under vacuum with the VTM using previously developed and tested solid lubricants. Thin films of MoS2 alloyed with WC and produced by magnetron sputtering PVD have been used for these tests. The wear conditions at the VTM, due to the variation of normal load (5 N +/1 N) produced as a consequence of the load application by a pivot flexure, are more severe than conditions previously applied on commercial tribo-testers and as a consequence the durability of these films has been lower. The friction force measuring system at the VTM is highly sensitive and friction traces have reproduced this situation, however, the results still demonstrate the lubricating performance of the thin film with mean values of about 0.02.
Does Salary Discrimination by Nationality Exist? The Case of Nippon Professional Baseball League

This article focuses on the issue of nationality as related to salary discrimination in the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) league. Salary data for 663 players during the period from 2000 to 2008 was collected, and Quantile Regression (QR) was employed to investigate the nationality discrimination in salary. The main finding indicates that, on average, international players were paid 54.7% - 57.3% more than domestic players ceteris paribus. QR results show that the positive effect of nationality on salary is larger for players with relatively higher salaries. The finding indicates that an international player’s salary premium increases with salary.
Title MR Quantification of Total Liver Fat in Patients with ImpairedGlucose Tolerance and Healthy Subjects

Objective: To explore the correlations between liver fat content and clinical index in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: 56 subjects were enrolled and each of them underwent upper-abdominal MRI examination that involved a T1 VIBE Dixon sequence. 14 was clinically diagnosed with IGT (collectively as IGT group ) while 42 showed normal glucose tolerance,(collectively as NGT group). NGT group was further divided into NGTFat (BMI$25, 18 subjects) and NGTLean (BMI,25, 24 subjects). The total liver fat contents was measured and compared with clinical findings and laboratory results in order to determine statistical correlations between these parameters. Differences among IGT, NGTFat and NGTLean groups were evaluated. Results: For all the subjects, fat volume fractions (FVFs) ranged from 4.2% to 24.2%, positive correlations was observed with BMI, waist hip ratio(WHR), low density lipoprotein(LDL), fasting plasma insulin(FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment b(HOMAb). FVFs of IGT group (p = 0.004) and NGTFat group (p = 0.006) were significantly higher than those of NGTLean group. Conclusions: People with higher BMI, WHR and LDL levels tend to have higher liver fat content. Patients with BMI$25 are more likely to develop IGT. Patients with higher FVF showed higher resistance to insulin, thus obtained a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Citation: Dong Z, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Cai H, Li Y, et al. (2014) MR Quantification of Total Liver Fat in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Healthy Subjects. PLoS ONE 9(10): e111283. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0111283 Editor: Melania Manco, Scientific Directorate, Bambino Hospital, Italy Received July 18, 2014; Accepted September 29, 2014; Published October 24, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Dong et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81000626), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2013010016004), Zhujiang Scientific and Technological New Star Foundation (2012J2200084), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (10ykpy11). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: fst1977@163.com (STF); liziping163@163.com (ZL) . These authors contributed equally to this work. " ZD and YJL are co-first authors on this work
A quest for the biological sources of long chain alkyl diols in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract. Long chain alkyl diols (LCDs) are widespread in the marine water column and sediments, but their biological sources are mostly unknown. Here we combine lipid analyses with 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected in the photic zone of the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean at 24 stations to infer relationships between LCDs and potential LCD producers. The C30 1,15-diol was detected in all SPM samples and accounted for >95 % of the total LCDs, while minor proportions of C28 and C30 1,13-diols, C28 and C30 1,14-diols, as well as C32 1,15-diol were found. The concentration of the C30 and C32 diols was higher in the mixed layer of the water column compared to the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), whereas concentrations of C28 diols were comparable. Sequencing analyses revealed extremely low contributions (≈0.1 % of the 18S rRNA gene reads) of known LCD producers, but the contributions from two taxonomic classes with which known producers are affiliated, i.e. Dictyochophyceae and Chrysophyceae, followed a trend similar to that of the concentrations of C30 and C32 diols. Statistical analyses indicated that the abundance of 4 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the Chrysophyceae and Dictyochophyceae, along with 23 OTUs falling into other phylogenetic groups, were weakly (r≤0.6) but significantly (p value <0.01) correlated with C30 diol concentrations. It is not clear whether some of these OTUs might indeed correspond to C28−32 diol producers or whether these correlations are just indirect and the occurrence of C30 diols and specific OTUs in the same samples might be driven by other environmental conditions. Moreover, primer mismatches were unlikely, but cannot be excluded, and the variable number of rRNA gene copies within eukaryotes might have affected the analyses leading to LCD producers being undetected or undersampled. Furthermore, based on the average LCD content measured in cultivated LCD-producing algae, the detected concentrations of LCDs in SPM are too high to be explained by the abundances of the suspected LCD-producing OTUs. This is likely explained by the slower degradation of LCDs compared to DNA in the oxic water column and suggests that some of the LCDs found here were likely to be associated with suspended debris, while the DNA from the related LCD producers had been already fully degraded. This suggests that care should be taken in constraining biological sources of relatively stable biomarker lipids by quantitative comparisons of DNA and lipid abundances.
Spectral asymptotics for manifolds with cylindrical ends

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