Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polyploidy affects growth, fillet composition, and fatty acid profile in two year old rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Gonadal development is a dominant physiological process that alters growth and fat metabolism, thereby reducing fillet quality. Sterile, triploid (3N) female rainbow trout, generated by pressure-induced shock of zygotes 30 minutes after fertilization (3NP), are used to eliminate reduced growth and quality associated with gonadogenesis. However, this method does not produce 100% 3N offspring. Crossing a diploid (2N; fertile) female and a tetraploid (4N; fertile) male produces triploid offspring 100% of the time (3NC; sterile). This method is not widely used in the industry because it requires 4N brood stock. The current study examines growth, fatty acid composition, and fillet quality attributes, just prior to ovulation for diploid (2N), pressureinduced triploid (3NP), or naturally-produced triploid (3NC) females. As an indication of growth rate, 3NC (2109.2g) fish were heavier followed by 2N (1826.3g) and 3NP (1524.2g) individuals (p<0.05). Separable muscle as a percent whole body weight was higher (p<0.05) in 3NC (46.5%) followed by the 3NP (43.6%), and both methods of triploid induction were higher compared to the 2N (38.3%) individuals. These measurements indicate that larger fish do not yield the highest proportion of muscle. The 3NC fillets contained more (p<0.05) intramuscular crude fat followed by the 3NP and 2N fillets (13.4%, 11.2%, 8.17%, respectively). Our data demonstrate the inverse relationship between moisture and fat content; moisture content was highest (p<0.05) in the 2N followed by the 3NP and 3NC (72.3%, 68.8%, 66.7%, respectively). Based on relative peak area, 2N fillets contained (p<0.05) fewer saturated fatty acids (SFA, 29.2%) compared to 3NC (34.9%) and 3NP (33.4%) fillets; diploids mobilized stored SFA for egg development. Moreover, 2N fillets contained more (p<0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 28.7%) compared to 3NC and 3NP (2.6% and 24.8%, respectively). 3NC and 3NP muscle had higher (p<0.05) levels of C12:0, C14:0, compared to 2N animals. Fatty acids C16:0 and 16:1 were highest (P<0.05) in 3NC compared to other ploidies. Albeit, 2N muscle contained more (p<0.05) C22:6n3, C20:3n6 and C18:1n9c compared to 3NC and 3NP. Linoleic acid (18:2n6c) was highest in 2N followed by 3NP then 3NC muscle (p<0.05). To determine if fatty acids were preferentially mobilized from triglyceride or phospholipids, TLC plates were used to separate lipid classes; ploidy did not affect (p>0.05) fatty acids present in triglyceride and phospholipids. However, when comparing lipid classes the data indicated that the triglycerides had higher levels of C16:1, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and C22:1n9 when compared to the phospholipids. While phospholipids contained higher levels of C16:0, C20:4n6, C20:5n3, and C22:6n3. Most notably phospholipids contained 3 times the level of C22:6n3 docosahexanoic acid (DHA) compared to triglycerides. DHA is known for its important role in maintaining the structure and function of cellular membranes. Overall, naturally produced triploids (3NC)
Metabolic and Water-Flux Rates of Free-Ranging Tropical Lizards Sceloporus variabilis

Daily activity periods, thermal profiles, and stomach contents of Sceloporus variabilis (7.7 g mean body mass) were studied at Bastonal (1,000 m elevation) and Monte Pio (45 m elevation) in southern Veracruz, Mexico. Metabolic rates of free-ranging lizards were measured during late summer using doubly labeled water and were compared to values for temperate sceloporine lizards. Lizards were active from about 0800 hours to 1800 hours. Mean body temperatures of lizards averaged 28.9° C at Bastonal and 32.4° C at Monte Pio. Water-influx rates averaged 132 and 108 mL CO₂ (kg d)⁻¹ at Bastonal and Monte Pio, respectively. Metabolic rates measured in the field were not different at the two sites and when combined averaged 0.40 mL (g h)⁻¹ or 240 J (g d)⁻¹. Metabolic rates averaged about 6.5 times estimated resting metabolic rate, and activity metabolism accounted for 73% of total respiration. Water-influx rates of S. variabilis are about 4.5 times higher and field metabolic rates are about 1.6 times higher than similar values reported for temperate sceloporine lizards. The increased metabolic and water-flux rates in S. variabilis are apparently due to a combination of greater availability of food and water, favorable thermal conditions, and a higher level of foraging activity and movements than those of temperate sceloporine lizards.
Assessment of Genetic Stability in Micro propagated Population of Sugarcane Variety CoS 07250 Through SSR Markers

Newly released variety of sugarcane (CoS 07250) was micropropogated using shoot tip culture technique. Genetic purity was assessed in regenerated plants using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Eleven SSR primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA extracted from fresh leaf samples of in vitro raised plantlets after proper hardening along with the donar. A total of 1158 bands appeared out of which 121 bands were found polymorphic with an average of 11 bands per primer. The genetic similarity ranged between 0.85 and 1.00. The cluster analysis indicated a close relationship between regenerated plants and donar. The results indicated a high degree of genetic stability among the micropropogated plants. Thus the micropropagation protocol can be used to produce true to the type plants in sugarcane. It is suggested that plantlets multiplied through tissue culture should be tested through molecular tools for clonal stability before certification and distribution
An analytical model of the effect of plasmid copy number on transcriptional noise strength

In the early phases of our experimental design, we considered incorporating our two fluorescent reporters into a single plasmid. However, under this method the fluorescence readout for each channel from each cell would represent the cumulative output of many identical but independent noisy functions. The interactions between these independent signals would lead to a damping of the noise in our measurements– it is a well-known result that for identical signals with with an uncorrelated zero-mean Gaussian noise term, the signal-tonoise ratio scales proportionally to 1/ √ n where n is the number of independent copies of the signal [1]. On the other hand, fluctuations of plasmid copy number around its steadystate value would be an added source of noise in our measurements. Although the dual-reporter system filters out extrinsic noise by considering the correlation between the two fluorescence signals, the derivation of the equation which Elowitz et al 2002 used to decompose the observed noise into intrinsic and extrinsic components explicitly accounted for the gene copy number within a cell [2][3]. Without a reliable way to separate the additional copy number fluctuation-induced noise effects from the other noise terms, we would be unable to use this pre-established theory to analyze our measurements for noise. Hence we found the need to develop a model that explicitly describes the simultaneously reducing and enhancing impacts of plasmid copy number on our fluorescence signals.
An Integrated Method for Identifying Present Status and Risk of Drought in Bangladesh

The occurrence and severity of agricultural droughts may not be dependent upon climatic variables alone. Rather increasingly, drought is affected by human interventions such as irrigation. Anthropogenic activity has introduced uncertainty in the assessment of current drought and future drought risk in many parts of the world; neither climatic nor remote sensing data alone are able to assess drought conditions effectively. In response, we present a simple approach to assess drought by combining a remote sensing-based drought index, the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), climate data (i.e., rainfall and temperature), and field observations to evaluate recent drought conditions in northwestern Bangladesh (NWB). Applying this approach, we gained five insights: (i) the TVDI successfully indicated the drought conditions of NWB and agrees with field observations, (ii) the integrated use of TVDI and climate data (such as rainfall and temperature) provides the best understanding of the difference between meteorological drought and droughts resulting from surface moisture conditions, (iii) the TVDI results agree with rainfall data (r2 = 0.40 in March and r2 = 46 in April) in a part of the study area (NWB) where irrigation is not available, (iv) the TVDI can be used along with climate data to predict the potential risk of drought, and (v) while meteorological drought exists due to low rainfall and high temperature in this NWB in pre-monsoon season, because of widespread irrigation practices, meteorological drought is unable to trigger agricultural drought over most parts of the study area. The findings imply that there is a potential risk of drought in NWB, since any disruption of irrigation water supply could trigger a severe agricultural drought over the whole region. This is similar to what is currently observed over a small part of NWB.
Automated Region Extraction and License Plate Detection using Deep Learning

– This paper proposes a robust system to recognize vehicle license plate by Deep Learning. Achieving good recognition results for license plates is challenging due to multiple adverse factors. A new License Plate Detection method for challenging environment is proposed. Normally Background clutters are common in road scenes and license plate detection is considered as difficult problem. To address this problem, a two-step approach is developed in which first the car is detected by removing the background clutters and then localizing the license plate in each vehicle region. To be precise, faster region based convolutional neural network algorithm for vehicle region detection is adopted and license plates are generated using hierarchical sampling method. Finally the result is filters out by deep convolutional neural network.
Improving the Speaker Identity of Non-Parallel Many-to-Many Voice Conversion with Adversarial Speaker Recognition

Phonetic Posteriorgrams (PPGs) have received much attention for non-parallel many-to-many Voice Conversion (VC), and have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance. These methods implicitly assume that PPGs are speaker-independent and contain only linguistic information in an utterance. In practice, however, PPGs carry speaker individuality cues, such as accent, intonation, and speaking rate. As a result, these cues can leak into the voice conversion, making it sound similar to the source speaker. To address this issue, we propose an adversarial learning approach that can remove speaker-dependent information in VC models based on a PPG2speech synthesizer. During training, the encoder output of a PPG2speech synthe-sizer is fed to a classiﬁer trained to identify the corresponding speaker, while the encoder is trained to fool the classiﬁer. As a result, a more speaker-independent representation is learned. The proposed method is advantageous as it does not require pre-training the speaker classiﬁer, and the adversarial speaker clas-siﬁer is jointly trained with the PPG2speech synthesizer end-to-end. We conduct objective and subjective experiments on the CSTR VCTK Corpus under standard and one-shot VC conditions. Results show that the proposed method signiﬁcantly improves the speaker identity of VC syntheses when compared with a baseline system trained without adversarial learning.
Progress in Optical Properties of Sb S Thin Films

Thin films of antimony sulphide doped with copper, were successfully deposited on glass substrate using the chemical bath technique. Optical characterisation was done using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 300-1100 nm. The optical study reveals a direct energy bandgap of 1.6 eV. Our results show that the properties displayed by the films in the visible and near infrared region indicates that it is a good candidate for photonic applications.
Data structure for set containment queries: theoretical and empirical analysis

Set containment operations are an important tool in various ﬁelds, such as the datamining tools, the object-relational databases, the rule-based expert systems, and the AI planning systems. In the paper, a set-trie data structure for storing sets is presented, along with the efﬁcient algorithms for the corresponding set containment operations. In addition, we present the mathematical and empirical study of the set-trie. In particular, the expected performance of the data structure is analyzed by a probabilistic model, and some relevant upper-bounds on its efﬁciency are determined. The empirical study was designed to give insight in the time-complexity space of the set containment operations. The experimental results conﬁrm the mathematical analysis.
Implementing a 15-week AI-education program with under-resourced families across 13 global communities

The AI Family Challenge (AIFC) was a 15-week program implemented with ∼ 7500 3rd-8th grade students and their families in under-resourced communities across 13 countries. Families learned to develop AI-based prototypes that solved problems in their communities. The goal of the program was to determine whether AI was of interest to such communities and what the impact of such an experience was on them. Pre and post surveys were conducted, as well as interviews with participants in the US, Bolivia and Cameroon. Other data was collected through student projects and online student responses to multiple choice questions. Results show that 95% of the sites completed the 15-week program. This, as well as the survey and interview data show that under-resourced communities are curious to learn about AI and what role their children can play in an AI-powered future. After AIFC, 92% of parents believed their child was able to explain AI to others and 89% believed their child was capable of producing an AI application. Findings indicate the need to improve parent training materials, connect technical mentors to sites, and improve the curriculum to be more hands-on and engaging, and better illustrative of the concepts.
Celastrol induces ROS-mediated apoptosis via directly targeting peroxiredoxin-2 in gastric cancer cells

Background: Oxidative stress from elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported to induce cell apoptosis and may provide a means to target cancer cells. Celastrol is a natural bioactive compound that was recently shown to increase ROS levels and cause apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism for this cytotoxic action remains unclear and direct molecular targets of Celastrol have not been identified. Methods: Proteome microarray, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular simulation were used to identify the molecular target of Celastrol. Binding and activity assays were used to validate the interaction of Celastrol with target protein in cell-free and gastric cancer cell lysates. We then assessed target transcript levels in in biopsy specimens obtained from patients with gastric cancer. Gastric cancer growth-limiting and cytotoxic activity of Celastrol was evaluated in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Results: Our data show that Celastrol directly binds to an antioxidant enzyme, peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), which then inhibits its enzyme activity at both molecular and cellular level. Inhibition of Prdx2 by Celastrol increased cellular ROS levels and led to ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Functional tests demonstrated that Celastrol limits gastric cancer cells, at least in part, through targeting Prdx2. Celastrol treatment of mice implanted with gastric cancer cells also inhibited tumor growth, associated with Prdx2 inhibition and increased ROS. Analysis of human gastric cancer also showed increased Prdx2 levels and correlation with survival. Conclusion: Our studies have uncovered a potential Celastrol-interacting protein Prdx2 and a ROS-dependent mechanism of its action. The findings also highlight Prdx2 as a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
A Unique Ru-N4-P Coordinated Structure Synergistically Waking Up the Nonmetal P Active Site for Hydrogen Production

Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the metal atom is the active center of monoatomic catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while the active sites of nonmetal doped atoms are often neglected. By combining theoretical prediction and experimental verification, we designed a unique ternary Ru-N4-P coordination structure constructed by monodispersed Ru atoms supported on N,P dual-doped graphene for highly efficient hydrogen evolution in acid solution. The density functional theory calculations indicate that the charge polarization will lead to the most charge accumulation at P atoms, which results in a distinct nonmetallic P active sites with the moderate H∗ adsorption energy. Notably, these P atoms mainly supply highly efficient catalytic sites with ultrasmall absorption energy of 0.007 eV. Correspondingly, the Ru-N4-P demonstrated outstanding HER performance not only in an acidic condition but also in alkaline environment. Notably, the performance of Ru-NPC catalyst at high current is even superior to the commercial Pt/C catalysts, whether in acidic or alkaline medium. Our in situ synchrotron radiation infrared spectra demonstrate that a P-Hads intermediate is continually emerging on the Ru-NPC catalyst, actively proving the nonmetallic P catalytically active site in HER that is very different with previously reported metallic sites.
Miscellaneous Survey on Biometric Authentication System Based on Palmprint and Face Recognition

: Reliability in the personal authentication is key to the security in the networked society.Many physiological characteristics of humans,i.e.biometrics, are typically time invariant,easy to acquire, and unique for every individual. Biometric features such as face, iris, fingerprint, hand geometry, palmprint, signature, etc. have been suggested for the securityin access control. Palmprint and face recognition has been investigated critically in this paper. Many different algorithms for recognition have been addressed in this paper along with its advantages and disadvantages. This paper provides an overview of current palmprint and face research, describing in particular capture devices, preprocessing, verification algorithms. Finally some advantages of multimodal biometric fusion are stated.
IDE Design for Microarray Analysis Based on Accumulative Knowledge

요 약 최근, 마이크로어레이 실험 데이터의 품질과 재 생산성에 대한 신뢰도가 증가했기 때문에 마이크로어 레이 데이터의 공유 및 활용에 대한 요구가 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 개별적으로 진행되는 이 실험에서, 연구자는 각각의 실험계획에 따른 실험을 위해 별도로 실험계획을 하고, 그에 따른 단편적인 결과를 얻을 뿐, 이를 다시 재활용 하는 방안에는 microarray databases를 이용하는 것만이 전부였다. 하지만, 이 방법은 일반 생물학자들이, 다시 데이터베이스를 이용해서 분석하는데 많은 어려움을 가져왔고, 또한 각각의 실험 과정을 이용하는 과정에서도, 통합개 발환경을 구축하지 못 한 것에 대해 시간적 손해를 많이 입고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 실험계획부터 자료의 표준화 및 시각화, 유의한 유전자 탐색, 군집분석, 분류분석을 할 수 있는 통합개발환경 프로그 램에 대해 제시하고, 결론적으로 이 데이터를 효과적으로 재활용 할 수 있는 방안에 대해서 제시하였 다. 결론적으로, 이 프로그램은 개별적인 통계 프로그램으로 분석을 할 때에 비해, 편의성이 향상하며, 시간적인 소모를 줄임으로써, 상당히 많은 이득을 얻을 수 있으며, 한번 분석한 데이터를 효율적으로 저장해 놓음으로써, 추후에 제 2,3의 데이터 가공을 통해, 더 많은 정보를 얻어 낼 수 있다.
A review on natural stand dynamics in Beechwoods of East Central Europe

This paper aims to present a review on the natural stand dynamics as recorded in ‘virgin’ and other untreated beech forest reserves in East Central Europe. This information can contribute to defining the reference point for nature-based management of beech forests. Topics covered include: distribution of beech, major beech forest types, growth characteristics, seed production and survival, germination and establishment, growth and mortality patterns during development, regeneration cycles, dead wood and herbaceous vegetation dynamics. Based on the analyses of scientific traditions, strengths and weaknesses of available information, recommendations for future research activities are also formulated.
Exploration of the Coulomb Gap

The competition between disorder and Coulomb interaction leads to the depletion of the single-particle density of states in the Anderson insulators near the Fermi energy known as the Coulomb gap. The Coulomb gap is a thoroughly studied phenomena in solid state physics. It was conventionally believed that in order to observe such a gap numerically, one must enforce first-order stability criterion to generate a pseudo ground state, which corresponds to ensuring that the ground state energy is minimized with respect to the single-particle hopping. We believe that only the zeroth-order stability, which ensures all occupied single-particle levels are below the Fermi level, more or less reproduces the depletion of DOS near Fermi level. We propose a probabilistic argument regarding the algorithm used for the simulation and compare our proposed theory with the conventional Efros’ self-consistent theory. We also explore the validity of our arguments in power-law interactions outside of the Coulomb interaction.
Reactive Temporal Logic

Whereas standard treatments of temporal logic are adequate for closed systems, having no run-time interactions with their environment, they fall short for reactive systems, interacting with their environments through synchronisation of actions. This paper introduces reactive temporal logic, a form of temporal logic adapted for the study of reactive systems. I illustrate its use by applying it to formulate definitions of a fair scheduler, and of a correct mutual exclusion protocol. Previous definitions of these concepts were conceptually much more involved or less precise, leading to debates on whether or not a given protocol satisfies the implicit requirements.
Review on the Epidemiology, Public Health Importance and Status of Awareness of camel rearing pastoral communities of Ethiopia on camel tuberculosis

In the pastoral areas of Ethiopia, camel is the spine for their everyday life and extraordinarily adjusted to cruel condition. In Ethiopia, camels are for the most part raised in Afar, Somali, and Oromia (Borena, Kereyu and Guji). The pastoral community utilized camel products, such as milk and meat, and they used camels for various purposes for example, for transportation, draft, ploughing land, festivity and rivalry as in dashing. In the pastoral areas of Ethiopia, camel milk is accepted as treatment for gastritis, asthmatics, stomach inconvenience, HIV, hamot (kar), tuberculosis, fever, urinary issues and hepatitis. Camels have high contribution in Economic development of the country. In spite of having such like various purposes for pastoral areas, a few ailments influence the wellbeing status of camel. From significant illnesses, tuberculosis is one of the principal, which influence the camel Health and have a zoonotic impact.
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO IRON AND COPPER IN CUMINUM CYMINUM L.

In this study, the interaction between iron and copper on growth parameters (plant height, fresh weight of roots, stem’s length, fresh weight of shoots, fresh and dry weight of seeds), total proteins and the antioxidant enzymes activity in Cuminum cyminum L. were investigated. This experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks with 9 treatments in 3 repetitions. Plants were treated with Fe fertilizer (0, 3, 6 kgh) together with CuSO4, 5H2O (0, 100, 200 μM). Maximum level of stem length and shoot fresh weight was observed in Fe3Cu100. In the treatment of Fe6Cu100, root weight was significantly increased. Fresh and dry weights of seeds were significantly increased under Fe3 treatment. High concentration of Fe fertilizer with low concentration of CuSO4 decreased catalase and peroxidase enzymes activities. However, by increasing concentration of Cu in both Fe levels, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was decreased.