Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Public Support for Community Policing (CP): Findings from High-crime and Low-crime Residential Neighborhoods

ABSTRACT Understanding the underlying forces of citizens’ support for public service is of utmost importance to public administration. Among the many areas of public services, the police are inimitable. This study therefore, explores public views on Community Policing (CP) in a Nigerian case study. The study area was stratified into two: area with high crime rate (AHCR) and area with low crime rate (ALCR). The data used were from a survey of 217 respondents in the AHCR and 242 respondents in the ALCR. Results show that both the AHCR and ALCR reported support for CP, although there was higher support among the AHCR respondents. Findings show that none of the demographic characteristics were significant predictors of support for CP in AHCR; whereas, age and educational level had positive associations in ALCR. Fear of crime was positively linked with support for CP among AHCR residents. Neighborhood attachment was positively linked to support for CP in both areas. Police effectiveness was positively associated with support for CP in ALCR but not in AHCR. Combined analyses reveal that age, educational level, neighborhood attachment, police effectiveness, and support for aggressive policing all had statistically significant associations with support for CP. Results show that none of the important predictors were the same in terms of significance and/or in the same direction in the AHCR and ALCR regression models. The determinant variables explained marginally different amounts of variance of the dependent variable (CP) for the AHCR (37%) and ALCR (30%). The study concludes that factors predicting support for CP are contextual and could vary between neighborhoods. Hence, understanding the particular factors in respective locality is necessary for improved support for CP.
Conversational Interactions between Mothers and their Infants who are Congenitally Blind, Have Low Vision, or are Sighted

This study of the conversational interactions of three mothers and their infants—one who was sighted, one with low vision, and one who was congenitally blind—found similarities between the sighted and low vision dyads. However, the mother of the blind infant talked more and used more directives, and her directives contained more descriptions and were more likely to occur in clusters. The complex nature of directives and their adaptive role with infants who are blind are discussed.
16 Developing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the live zebrafish

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important model organism for biomedical research with many practical advantages over alternative rodent models. These include a short life cycle, simplicity of large-scale breeding and low maintenance costs which make the costs of large scale studies involving this organism far more timely and economic than is possible with rodents. It has also become of unique interest to cardiac researchers due to the regenerative nature of the heart upon injury. While the transparent embryonic zebrafish has been widely imaged in vivo using optical techniques, there is currently a lack of comparative imaging techniques for use in the opaque post-embryonic form. We have developed an MRI system capable of imaging adult zebrafish in vivo with recovery for serial imaging. To enable this a micro-imaging MRI coil was integrated within a custom flowcell system, designed to sustain and monitor an anaesthetised zebrafish during an MRI scan. Using this system we have produced a range of anatomical scans of the heart of the zebrafish and begun exploring advanced cinematic and diffusion MRI possibilities to investigate functional and microstructure properties of the heart. The success of our system allows for new avenues of zebrafish (or other small fish) research to be explored and also to improve scientific data return while exploiting the ethical and economic advantages of the zebrafish and MRI in biomedical research.
Preschool children's categorization of speakers by regional accent

Abstract This study reports on an experiment with twenty preschool children (3;1–4;7) in York, UK to investigate the earliest stage of children's socioperceptual development. The children discriminate between different groups of speakers based on their pronunciation of phonological regional variables diagnostic of the North and South of England. An improvement across the age range uncovers a developmental stage when children are able to interpret variation as socially meaningful. This is comparable with developments in sociolinguistic production during the preschool years, as previous studies have found. Three measures associated with linguistic input (children's age and gender, local versus nonlocal parents) have an impact on the children's performance. The results are interpreted through an exemplar theoretic account, highlighting the role of input and the combined storing and accessing of both linguistic and social information.
Moving Green, Going Green: An Interdisciplinary Creative Dance Experience

Creative dance is an engaging and empowering educational medium. Creative dance provides children with a comfortable, noncompetitive arena where they can explore, discover, and share what they think and feel in the purest of bodily expression. This manuscript highlights a standards based creative dance lesson designed to educate elementary students in grades 3 through 5 about the environmentally responsible activity of repurposing. Students are prompted to explore a sequence of movement tasks based on a poem about a repurposed quilt made from old jeans! In addition the implementation of the four learning modalities or “sensory channels”: visual, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile, Moving Green, Going Green permit students to learn about their environment through their bodies, and capitalize on preferred senses while enhancing weaker ones. Key to this manuscript is the implementation of the movement framework—the foundation of creative dance. The movement framework outlines the components of dance: body, space, time, effort, and relationships. With the framework as a base to work from, teachers can effectively guide students through a process of thinking divergently, developing ideas, refining ideas, and ultimately expressing those ideas through movement that is unique to them. In addition the use of Universal Learning for Design (UDL) and how it can be used to support the inclusion of all learners is explained.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

ii DEDICATION. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vii VITA. xi LIST OF TABLES. xvi LIST OF FIGURES . xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xviii CHAPTER 1 . 2 INTRODUCTION . 2 1.1 Hypothesis. 2 1.2 Skin Anatomy . 4 1.3 Skin Cancer. 6 1.4 Environmental Contribution to NMSC. 8 1.4. 1 Sun Exposure and NMSC . 8 1.4. 2 Viral Infections and NMSC . 10 1.5 Genetics of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma . 11 1.5. 1 Mendelian Inherited SCC Syndromes . 12 1.5. 2 Known Somatic Changes in NMSC . 13 1.6 Organ Transplantation . 15 1.6. 1 Solid Organ Transplantation and Immunosuppression. 15 1.6. 2 Malignancies and Solid Organ Transplantation. 17 1.7 Preferential Imbalance . 19 1.8 Summary . 20 CHAPTER 2 . 24 MERKEL CELL POLYOMAVIRUS IN CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT INDIVIDUALS. 24 2.
Applying Key Principles of Performance Psychology to Enhance Physical Education and Sport Programs

Physical educators and coaches serve essential educational functions, including promoting higher levels of physical activity, increasing understanding of culturally-appropriate sports skills and games, and providing a foundation for lifelong fitness through increased knowledge of health and exercise. Although movement principles are often emphasized in sport or physical activity contexts, tenets from the related field of performance psychology can supplement and facilitate student growth and learning. Important areas to consider include communication, attention, mindset, and mental skills such as goal-setting or imagery. This article outlines tips and strategies that practitioners can use to enhance feedback delivery, increase motivation, and improve skill retention through the understanding and incorporation of psychological principles that influence motor learning and performance.
The Antecedent and Consequence of Youth Drug Abusers’ Life Satisfaction: Delinquency Behavior as the Mediator

: The incidents of drug-abuse behavior has escalated especially among youths in Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the effects of social support on drug abuse through life satisfaction. Delinquency was treated as the mediating factor on the relationship between life satisfaction and drug-abuse behavior. A survey was conducted among youth addicts getting treatment at rehabilitation centers. A total of 275 questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. Findings revealed that social support had a significant influence on life satisfaction. Delinquency had a full mediating effect on the relationship between life satisfaction and drug abuse. An increase in life satisfaction would reduce delinquency and drug-abuse behavior among youth by enhancing social support assistance. Therefore, rehabilitation programs should be focused on matching the drug dependences’ needs for social support to increase the chances of remaining sober and achieving success in ending the cycle of relapse.
The Degree of Specialization among Female Partner Violence Offenders and the Role of Self-Defense in Its Explanation

ABSTRACT Research conclusions about whether intimate partner violence offenders specialize or offend in a more general pattern are mixed and few studies have focused upon females. The current quantitative research adds to our knowledge about female specialization in intimate partner violence perpetration among Australian and American female university students (n = 185). Using a diversity index, offense specialization coefficient and latent class analysis, the current findings add weight to the evidence supporting moderate specialization patterns. In contrast to some prior research and theoretical assumptions, self-defense does not appear to be a primary explanation for female intimate partner violence specialization in the current study.
Psychometric Testing of the Human Connection Scale for People Experiencing Homelessness

Researchers examined psychometric properties of the adapted Human Connection Scale (HCS) with persons experiencing homelessness (PEH). Participants (N = 103) completed the Human Connection Scale for People Experiencing Homelessness (HCS-PEH) after receiving a foot care intervention. A preliminary exploratory factor analysis demonstrated the emergence of three distinct factors (trust, caring, and respect) explaining 68.1% of total variance. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical construct underlying the HCH-PEH and internal consistency reliability was established. Future research should focus on testing human connection in comparison with diverse health outcomes such as quality of life and treatment adherence to chronic conditions.
The Psychological Factors and Neural Substrates Associated with Metacognition among Community-Dwelling and Neurologic Cohorts of Older Adults

The Psychological Factors and Neural Substrates Associated with Metacognition among Community-Dwelling and Neurologic Cohorts of Older Adults Leigh Elizabeth Colvin This project consists of three distinct, but sequential studies that explore the psychological factors and neuropathological substrates of metacognition or self-awareness among older adults. Study 1 examines the premorbid, psychological characteristics associated with metamemory—the mainstay of metacognitive research—in a healthy, community-dwelling cohort of older adults. Study 2 builds on these analyses, and examines the psychological characteristics associated with metacognition, more broadly, in a neurologic cohort of older adults with Essential Tremor (ET). Study 3, which utilizes post-mortem evaluations of participants from Study 2, goes beyond premorbid characteristics and examines whether distortions in metacognition are in part attributable to an underlying disease process. Findings demonstrated that psychological characteristics were associated with metacognitive accuracy in a healthy, community-dwelling cohort of older adults, but not among individuals with ET; further, distortions in metacognition among individuals with ET were better attributable to non-ET specific pathologies, such as amyloid β, neurofibrillary tangles, and regional-specific atrophy. This project underscores the importance of employing a biopsychosocial approach to understanding the factors that influence metacognition. Ultimately, by understanding and working effectively with awareness phenomena, there is a strong potential to reduce disability and enhance well-being.
Making it personal: Examining personalization patterns of single-authored papers

Authorial self-mentions as one of the primary forms of scientific communication in sole authorship could convey not only the salient characteristics of disciplinary epistemologies but a representation of the author. The latter is often reflected through the use of first-person pronouns. The objective of this study is to assess disciplinary, national, and gender differences in the use of first-person subject pronouns in sole-authored scientific articles. Following the analysis of all sole-authored articles published between 2008 and 2017 and indexed in the Web of Science, this study reveals that women refer to themselves in the singular form more often than men, which could be indicative of cultural associations of masculinity and authority in the system of science. The results of this study are of great importance to academic evaluative processes where sole-authorship is rewarded as an independent work and author’s credibility.
Especialização de jogadoras de handebol a partir dos discursos de treinadores

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de formação de jogadoras de handebol, a partir das opiniões de treinadores em relação às categorias e aos motivos considerados preponderantes para a especialização dessas. Para isso foram entrevistados seis treinadores, cujos depoimentos foram analisados com base no método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A partir dos discursos dos treinadores e da interlocução com diferentes autores aponta-se que, em uma perspectiva de longo prazo, a especialização das goleiras deve ocorrer preferencialmente na categoria sub-16, ao passo que a especialização das jogadoras de quadra na categoria sub-18. Os resultados indicam uma importante diretriz para a especialização de jogadoras de handebol em longo prazo, com diferentes prerrogativas para as goleiras e para as jogadoras de quadra, porém considerando ambientes de prática variada.
The Historical Investigation into the “523 Project” and the Discovery of Artemisinin

The discovery of the artemisinin involved a number of people in an unusual social background. Most of the published articles of the early history of artemisinin discovery, including that in Cell, remain controversial because they are often based on reports relying on one side of a complicated story. The controversies have not been lessened by the award of the Lasker prize to Youyou Tu. Here we present a balanced account of the history about: 1) the effective crude extract of Qinghao (the sweet wormwood); 2) the extraction process of the effective antimalarial monomer; 3) clinical validation of the effective monomer; 4) the determination of artemisinin structure. Our article is based on original documents, conference records, diaries and interview records. These materials indicate that cooperation among different scientists and institutes played significant roles.
Dental Trauma First-Aid Knowledge and Attitudes of Physical Education Teachers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature with Meta-Regressions

The main objective of the present review is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers concerning dental trauma first-aid through a systematic appraisal of the literature, meta-analysis and meta-regressions. The entire content of PubMed and ISI/Web of Science was mined. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies were studies evaluating dental trauma first-aid knowledge and/or attitudes and/or the effectiveness of mouthguards use by PE teachers. Articles written in any language and published or accepted by peer-reviewed journals were considered. Methodological quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Downs and Black instrument. Of 15 selected articles, three were of strong quality, three were moderate, and the remaining nine were rated as weak. The majority of studies showed that PE teachers had an inadequate knowledge of the initial management of dental trauma. Specifically, there was a lack of knowledge concerning an appropriate washing and transporting medium and the extra-alveolar period of an avulsed tooth. Due to the inadequate knowledge of PE teachers regarding dental trauma management, specific education should be added to PE classes to improve the emergency treatment of dental injuries.
Traditional healers as client advocates in the HIV-endemic region of Maputo, Mozambique: results from a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Traditional healers are commonly utilised throughout sub-Saharan Africa instead of – and in concert with – biomedical facilities. Traditional healers are trusted providers and prominent community members and could be important partners in improving engagement with HIV services in endemic contexts. Our study sought to understand the roles of healers in the urban setting of Maputo, Mozambique, where HIV prevalence is high and testing rates are low. Qualitative data were gathered through minimally structured interviews with 36 healers. Analysis followed an inductive, grounded theory approach. Data reveal three themes relevant to improving engagement with HIV services in this endemic region: (1) healers have positive attitudes towards biomedicine; (2) healers advocate for their sick clients and (3) clients are reticent to present to biomedical facilities. Healers describe their roles as ‘cooperative’ with biomedical providers to provide healthcare for their clients. Results suggest that healers could be considered critical enablers to effective HIV programmes in communities. They have social and symbolic capital that positions them to beneficially influence clients and are natural partners for interventions to improve uptake of HIV services.
Trends and Research of Wikis' Quality and Governance Based on Bibliometric and Content Analysis

Wiki is a typical representative of the User-Generated Content. Its appearance greatly promotes the creation, organization, management, and sharing of knowledge on the Internet. As articles grow rapidly in Wikis, the quality of the articles has aroused many people’s concerns. The topics on how to assess and control the quality of articles have attracted many researchers. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the status of this research topic. This chapter explores the current research status and trends of wikis’ quality and governance. The authors selected papers from the databases of ISI, EI, IEEE, and other widely used databases. They reported the trends and research of wikis’ quality and governance using bibliometric analysis and content analysis of a total of 99 relevant papers. The results show that although the research topics in the field have experienced a very rapid development, they are still at an early age that lacks theories to support them. The discipline of Library and Information Science was found to play a very active role in this new area. Future research agenda and directions are also discussed. Qinghua Zhu Nanjing University, China Linghe Huang Nanjing University, China Jia Tina Du University of South Australia, Australia Hua Liu Nanjing University, China DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4892-0.ch008
Cardiopulmonary manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Rationale Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition with extrapulmonary manifestations- cardiovascular diseases (CVD), impaired physical function, activity and increased frailty. Integrating measures of function into community assessments is hindered by the space and time required. The association of function, activity and CVD has not been extensively investigated in COPD. Objectives Explore the potential utility of Time Up and Go (TUG) as a measure of physical function in COPD Assess association of non-invasive measures of haemodynamics to physical function and self-reported activity Explore ambulatory haemodynamics in COPD and controls Methods Subjects with COPD (n=119) and controls (n=58) were recruited. Ethical and governance approvals were obtained. A medical history including falls, spirometry, peripheral and central haemodynamics, self-reported physical activity questionnaires and functional assessments (TUG and six-minute walk distance (6MWD)) were obtained from all subjects. Ambulatory 24-hour haemodynamics including aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and blood pressure were measured in patients (n=20) and controls (n=19). Results TUG mean(SD) was increased in patients 11.9(3.7)s compared to controls 9.5(1.8)s, p 0.05. In the pilot study, significant nocturnal dip in aPWV was seen in controls, p<0.01, but not in patients, p=0.07. Conclusion TUG could be a useful measure of function and possibly be incorporated into COPD assessment, particularly where time and space are limited. Finally, ambulatory haemodynamic machine, the Mobil-O-Graph, is feasible and offers opportunity to assess 24-hour haemodynamics profile including aPWV as opposed to a one-off measurement.
ONLINE NETWORKS OF THE ITALIAN AND GERMAN EXTREME RIGHT

This article applies instruments of social network analysis to a study of communication networks within the Italian and German extremist right. Web links between organizational websites are used as a proxy. Indeed, extremist groups increasingly use and abuse the Internet for their propaganda and their recruitment, and also for their internal communication. The analysis includes both political parties and non-party organizations, even violent groups. In a macro-, micro-, and meso-analysis, the various specificities of the two national political sectors are demonstrated and linked to the offline reality. The Italian network appears to be very fragmented, highly diversified, and difficult to be coordinated (‘policephalous network’), whereas the German network is denser and much more concentrated on a few central actors (‘star structure’). These differences are mainly due to political opportunity structures in the two countries. Additionally, whereas the Italian network structure allows for the construction of a typology of sub-groups of organizations, the German communicative structure seems to be more erratic and less coordinated. The article also highlights the function of websites which are not related to any specific group. Indeed, these are of special importance for the far right as a political arena which is usually banned from the dominant societal discourses (if not even legally forbidden). Considering this, new modes of communication can be of greater use for extremist groups than for more traditional political actors.