Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Algorithm for MultiRelational Data Mining

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) algorithms learn a set of first­ order logical rules from multi­relational data, and are thus well suited to several data mining tasks. In this work, we introduce a Probabilistic ILP algorithm to extract useful regularities from multiple data tables. We adopt a probabilistic cover approach that allows us to guide the search for rules; Noisy­OR functions are employed to encode probability distributions. Preliminary tests have been conducted on relational data in the Lattes curriculum platform. Resumo. Algoritmos de Programação Lógica Indutiva (ILP) aprendem um con­ junto de regras lógicas de primeira ordem a partir de dados multirrelacionais, e dessa forma são apropriados para várias tarefas de mineração de dados. Este trabalho introduz um algoritmo ILP Probabilı́stico para extrair regularidades úteis de múltiplas tabelas de dados. Adota­se uma abordagem de cobertura probabilı́stica que possibilita a busca por regras. A distribuição de probabi­ lidades dos predicados é baseada em funções Noisy­OR. Testes preliminares foram realizados em dados relacionais coletados da plataforma de currı́culos Lattes.
Information‐theory‐based model selection for determining the main vector and period of transmission of Potato virus Y

Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is transmitted non-persistently by aphids. It causes major losses in potato production (Solanum tuberosum), especially following seed tuber-borne infection of plants. To limit the risk of PVY infection, seed potato production is located preferably in regions where vector pressure is low. The northern-most high-grade seed potato production area (HG zone) of Europe is in Finland. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of aphid species with documented ability to transmit PVY and to use a modelling approach to determine their relative importance as vectors of PVY in the HG zone of Finland. Winged aphids were caught from six to seven potato fields in each of three growing seasons (2007–09) using yellow pan traps that were examined twice a week. Identification of more than 30 000 individuals indicated that 37% of the aphids belonged to nine species reported to transmit PVY. Incidence of PVY in seed lots was low (0–5.6%) and the seasonal increase of PVY incidence was also low in the potato crops. No potato-colonising aphids were found on the plants in any of the years. The seasonal increase in PVY incidence was modelled using aphid counts in traps, the relative vector efficiencies of the aphids, virus resistance of cultivars, and the initial infection rate of the seed tubers as explanatory variables in generalised linear mixed modelling. Akaike's information criterion was employed to find the best set of explanatory variables for PVY in harvested tubers. Results of this modelling approach showed that the incidence of seed-borne PVY infection and the early-season vector flights are the most important factors contributing to the incidence of PVY in the yield. Compared to models with data from all potential vector species, models containing data from Aphis fabae only showed a better model fit with regard to the incidence of PVY in the harvested tubers. The explanatory power of the models was lost when A. fabae was omitted from the vector data, suggesting that other species play a negligible role as vectors of PVY in the HG zone of Finland. Results can be used to devise appropriate strategies for enhanced control of PVY.
ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL DE DONAX STRIATUS (BIVALVIA, DONACIDAE) EN PLAYA LAS BALSAS, GIBARA, CUBA

Donax striatus Linne 1767 is one of the two beach clam species that inhabits in the Caribbean. Few investigations have focused on describing aspects related with the population structure of this species. A population of D. striatus was surveyed from February 2008 to January 2009 in Las Balsas beach, Gibara, Cuba. The population showed seasonal fluctuations of the density presenting the higher values on May and October 2008 and January 2009. There were peaks of recruitment: April-May, August 2008 and January 2009. A stratified distribution by size classes was observed: recruits were found in the higher strata of the beach while adults occur mainly in the lowest strata. The higher abundance was found in the middle strata. There was no correlation between monthly changes in density and temperatures, nor with the rainfall however, changes in the normal wave’s regimen and mid sea level rise seems to have some influence over the behaviour of this species abundance. A hypothesis that combines morphodynamics parameters to explain the across shore distribution of the components of the population, is proposed.
Differential parasitaemia in the tawny owl ( Strix aluco ): effects of colour morph and habitat

The relationships between haematozoan parasites, cell-mediated immune response, territory features and colour morph were investigated in tawny owls Strix aluco, in the Park of Monza in Milan, northern Italy. Rufous and grey birds were found to differ significantly in their blood parasite loads, particularly during the breeding season, when rufous birds hosted more parasites than grey birds. The increase in parasitaemia of rufous owl was not, however, owing to the breeding status of sampled individuals. Although body condition was similar between the two colour morphs, immune response was higher in grey than in rufous owls for the same level of parasites. Moreover, parasites seemed to influence breeding of rufous birds negatively, because only individuals with no or few parasites reproduced. Both these results suggested a higher susceptibility to parasites of rufous owls. Nevertheless, a habitat effect existed because parasite loads increased significantly with woodland extent and tree-density within owl territories, and rufous birds defended more wooded territories than grey ones. Thus, the differential parasitaemia between colour morphs in tawny owls may be the result of both a differential exposure to flying vectors depending on habitat selection and a differential colour-based susceptibility of individuals.
Doxorubicin Productivity Improvement by the Recombinant Streptomyces peucetius with High-Copy Regulatory Genes Cultured in the Optimized Media Composition

Doxorubicin is a clinically important anticancer polyketide compound that is typically produced by Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. To improve doxorubicin productivity by S. peucetius, a doxorubicin pathway-specific regulatory gene, dnrl, was cloned into a high-copy-number plasmid containing a catechol promoter system. The S. peucetius containing the recombinant plasmid exhibited approximately 9.5-fold higher doxorubicin productivity compared with the wild-type S. peucetius. The doxorubicin productivity by this recombinant S. peucetius strain was further improved through the optimization of culture media composition. Based on the Fractional Factorial Design (FFD), cornstarch, K 2 HPO 4 , and MgSO 4 were identified to be the key factors influencing doxorubicin productivity. The Response Surface Method (RSM) results based on 20 independent culture conditions with varying amounts of key factors predicted the highest theoretical doxorubicin productivity of 11.1 mg/l with corn starch of 46.33 g/l, K 2 HPO 4 of 4.63 g/l, and MgSO 4 of 9.26 g/l. The doxorubicin productivity of the recombinant S. peucetius strain with the RSM-based optimized culture condition was experimentally verified to be 11.46 mg/l, which was approximately 30.8-fold higher productivity compared with the wild-type S. peucetius without culture media optimization.
Tiered Governance and Demonetization: The Shifting Terms of Labor and Compensation in the Platform Economy

Social media platforms have profoundly transformed cultural production, in part by restructuring the terms by which culture is distributed and paid for. In this article, we examine the YouTube Partner Program and the controversies around the “demonetization” of videos, to understand these arrangements and what happens when they shift beneath creators’ feet. We use the testimony of YouTubers, provided in their own videos, to understand how creators square the contradiction between YouTube’s increasingly cautious rules regarding “advertiser-friendly” content, its shifting financial and algorithmic incentive structure, and its stated values as an open platform of expression. We examine YouTube’s tiered governance strategy, in which different users are offered different sets of rules, different material resources, and different procedural protections when content is demonetized. And we examine how, especially when the details of that tiered governance are ambiguous or poorly conveyed, creators develop their own theories for why their content has been demonetized—which can provide some creators a tactical opportunity to advance politically motivated accusations of bias against the platform.
Boundary layer budgets for regional estimates of scalar fluxes

The paper considers the theory and application of budget techniques for regional scalar flux estimation using the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL) and the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL). CBL techniques treat the well mixed layer of air between heights of, say, 100 m and 1000 m as an integrator of surface fluxes along the path of a column of air moving over the landscape. They calculate the average surface flux from the scalar concentration in and above the mixed layer, and the CBL height. The flux estimates are averaged over regions of 10–104 km2 extending 10 to 100 km upwind. An integral form of the CBL budget is used to estimate daily regional rates of CO2 uptake and evaporation from three data sets. There was plausible agreement between the estimates and locally measured fluxes. CBL budgets have great potential for estimating regional scalar fluxes, but there is an urgent need for validation through direct measurements of fluxes and budget parameters. NBL budgets are useful when low-level, radiative inversions inhibit vertical mixing. Surface scalar fluxes can then be estimated from the rate of concentration change below the inversion. An example application for estimating the nocturnal CO2 flux is given. While simple in concept, NBL budgets are more difficult to apply in practice because of the unpredictability of the depth of the layer and sometimes, its absence altogether. On the other hand, the depth of the atmospheric mixing chamber is better defined, few assumptions are required and the concentration changes usually will be larger and hence more easily detectable than in CBL budgetting.
Photoxicity of rose bengal against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii.

Received: Revised: Accepted: March 09, 2014 March 30, 2014 April 06, 2014 Hyalomma dromedarii is the predominant tick species infesting camels. Consequently, the aims of the present study were to compare the photodynamic efficacy of rose bengal (RB) to that of ivermectin (IVR) against the engorged females of H. dromedarii through in vitro immersion bioassays and to test the effect of the applied materials on the reproductive potential of the survived females. RB has been tried as acaricides for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Different concentrations of RB (0.01, 0.03, 0.13, 0.5 and 2%) and IVR (0.02, 0.08, 0.6, 2.5, and 10%) were freshly prepared in distilled water. The minimal lethal concentrations that cause 100% acaricidal effect were 2%, 8 h post treatment (PT) with RB, and 2.5%, 24 h PT with IVR. Eight hours PT with RB and IVR, the LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) values were 0.08 and 0.35%, respectively, whereas those for LC95 were 1.45 and 30.07%, respectively. At the levels of LC50 and LC90, RB was 4 and 15 times more potent than IVR. The median lethal time, LT50, values of 2% RB and 2.5% IVR were 0.92 and 2.63 h, respectively. Treatment with the lowest concentrations of RB and IVR induced reduction in the number of survived and ovipositing females, eggs per female, ticks laid hatched eggs, and hatched eggs (48.98, 93.33, 1854.53±45, 97.5 and 93.64%) and (26.53, 86.67, 7661.27±377, 87.80 and 89.40%), respectively. The low cost of RB, together with the availability of inexpensive low-power light sources or sunshine, suggests that this approach is of great potential as an interesting alternative to chemical acaricides.
Optimization in Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Rice Production in Central Côte d’Ivoire Under Rainfall Variability

Irrigation is a major challenge of food self-sufficiency because of the demographic conditions of Ivorian cities, combined with climate variability. The aim of this study is to analyze and optimize practices management of rice irrigation in Nanan, at the central Cote d’Ivoire under rainfall variability. Methodological approach adopted was multidisciplinary and participatory. Climatic, agro-pedological, hydrometric and sociological data was used in this study. Results showed that rainfall variability is a reality and is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods. Agricultural practices analysis showed low value of crop intensity with 108% and 88% in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Irrigation efficiency is estimated at 37%. The results also showed a mismatch between water withdrawals and water needs, which vary between 4% and 80%. A poor annual distribution of rice transplanting with almost no transplanting during the first cycle was observed. Facing to these malfunctions, a reorganization of farming practice was recommended. This starts with harmonization of transplanting date and implementation of optimized water management methods. The periods from March to April, and September to October was identified as the optimal transplanting periods for the first and second cycles respectively. In addition, Height-Flow -Turn of Valve curve was carried out to help valve manager estimate water needed quantities. Finally, telephone fleet was proposed as communication way, to improve water distribution method by rotation between rice farmers.
Held Down and Held Back: Systematically Delayed Principal Promotions by Race and Gender

Recent scholarship highlights the many benefits of diversity among principals, including improved teacher retention and student outcomes. We use survival analysis to assess the probability and time to promotion for 4,689 assistant principals in Texas from 2001 to 2017. We find that race and gender are associated with the probability of promotion to school leadership. Holding education, experience, school level, and urbanicity constant, Black principals are least likely to be promoted and wait longer for promotion when compared to White assistant principals. Additionally, findings suggest that even though women have over a year more experience on average before being promoted to assistant principal, they are less likely to be promoted to high school principal, and when they are, it is after a longer assistant principalship.
Analysis of Essential Oils and Antifungal Activity of Cymbopogon Travancorensis Bor.

Summary Essential oils analysis and a rapid assay to determine antifungal activity of lemon grass, Cymbopogon travancorensis is described. The composition of the essential oil isolated from the leaves of C. travancorensis Bor. collected in Courtallam, Tirunelveli Hills, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, South India, was determined by capillary GC/MS. Twenty- four compounds were identified corresponding to ca. 97.35% of the oil. The major components were Citronellol (36.12%), Citronellal (25.36%), γ-Terpinene (5.21%) and β-Phellandrene (4.36%). Essential oils of C. travancorensis were exhibited a complete arrest of the growth of three fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Phylogeography of the poison frog Mantella viridis (Amphibia: Mantellidae) reveals chromatic and genetic differentiation across ecotones in northern Madagascar

Mantella viridis is a threatened poison frog species endemic to the ecologically very heterogeneous northern region of Madagascar. The existence of several colour morphs within M. viridis and its very low genetic differentiation to the allopatrically distributed Mantella ebenaui raise questions about the processes driving the differentiation between these poison frog populations and about their taxonomic status. Using a DNA fragment of 476 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 240 individuals of this species complex, we investigated the genetic variability of all known colour morphs of M. viridis, sampling this species throughout its known range, as well as several populations of M. ebenaui. Our genetic results confirm that M. viridis and M. ebenaui are closely related but reveal that no haplotype sharing occurs between these two taxa. Further, our molecular analyses provided evidence for barriers to gene flow among some of the colour morphs. Estimates of overlap of bioclimatic envelopes as assessed by ecological niche modelling also suggest a distinct bioclimatic niche of some of the lineages studied.
Estimation of heritabilities and correlations between repeated faecal egg count measurements in lambs facing natural nematode parasite challenge, using a random regression model

SUMMARY The development of the genetic control of nematode resistance in growing lambs is of biological interest, as well as being important in terms of designing practical strategies to breed for increased nematode resistance. The current paper demonstrates the use of random regression techniques for quantifying the development of the heritability of faecal egg count (Fec), the indicator of nematode resistance, in growing lambs and predicted inter-age genetic and phenotypic correlations for Fec. Fec data from 732 lambs, collected at 4-week intervals from c. 8–24 weeks of age, were analysed using random regression techniques. Random effects fitted in the model included genetic, individual animal environmental, litter and residual random effects. Output (co)variance components were interpolated to weekly time points. Individual variance components showed complex patterns of change over time; however, the estimated heritability increased smoothly with age, from 0·10 to 0·38, and showed more stable time trends than were obtained from univariate analyses of Fec at individual time points. Inter-age correlations decreased as the time interval between measurements increased. Genetic correlations were always positive, with 0·6 of all possible inter-age correlations being greater than 0·80. Phenotypic correlations were lower, and decreased more quickly as the time interval between measurements increased. The results presented confirm biological understanding of the development of immunity to nematode infections in growing lambs. Additionally, they provide a tool to determine optimal sampling ages when assessing lambs' relative resistance to nematode infections.
Home Range and Population Dynamics of the Japanese Squirrel in Natural Red Pine Forests

Spatial and population dynamics in mammals are affected by the distribution and stability of food resources (Crook et al. 1976). The same species can show different spatial patterns and population structure according to habitat type. The Japanese squirrel, Sciurus lis, is distributed in various types of forests in Japan from northern Honshu to Shikoku (Abe 2008). The distributing areas include broadleaf evergreen forests at low elevation in southwestern Japan, mixed forests in central Honshu, and pure coniferous forests in northern Honshu and the subalpine zone. Among them, forests of the Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora, were known to be one of the important habitats for Japanese squirrels because pine seeds are their preferable food (Yatake et al. 1999; Tamura et al. 2007). Natural populations of the Japanese red pine are distributed widely throughout Japan, especially on mountain ridges and volcanic regions with dry sterile soil. Red pine was once planted in the “satoyama” area to provide firewood, so this species is also common in secondary forests at low and medium elevation in Japan. Distribution of the Japanese squirrel is restricted by the existence of the red pine in some areas (Yatake et al. 2005). Nonetheless, ecological studies on the Japanese squirrel have not been conducted in natural red pine forests. We expect that the red pine forest supply a food source for squirrels that is more predictable in time and space than the mixed forests. In the present study, we investigated the population structure and home range of the Japanese squirrel in red pine forests and compared the results with those obtained from mixed forests. Methods
Orientation behavior of Propylaea japonica toward visual and olfactory cues from its prey–host plant combination

The lady beetle Propylaea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of aphids in agroecosystems. The inundative release of coccinellid beetles can be an effective biological control strategy. An understanding of how biological control agents perceive and use stimuli from host plants is the key to successfully implement commercially produced predators. Here, we studied the relative role of visual and volatile cues. Dual‐choice assays using foraging‐naïve and foraging‐experienced P. japonica adults were conducted using cotton plants [Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae)] with or without infestation by the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Overall, experienced beetles were more attracted than naïve beetles toward cues associated with aphid‐infested plants. Experienced beetles were also more responsive to olfactory cues compared with naïve beetles. Both foraging‐naïve and ‐experienced lady beetles integrate olfactory and visual cues from plants infested with aphids, with an apparently greater reliance on olfactory cues. The results suggest that foraging experience may increase prey location in P. japonica.
Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in Poultry Meat

A total of 110 random poultry meat samples was collected from different markets in Kafr El-Shiekh city. The samples were transferred to the laboratory under possible complete aseptic condition, where they were examined bacteriologically. The results revealed that S.aureus could be isolated from examined poultry meat samples with an incidence of 41.8%. According to PCR, from 10 examined samples, 90% of samples were positive for Staphylococcusaureus.By ELISA, three types of staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected (SEA, SEB and SED) by a percentage of 4.3, 2.2 and 6.5%, respectively. Twelve samples were exposed to PCR and the results were as follow: three isolates harbored 1(sea) gene, 1 isolate harbored 1(seb) gene, 1 isolate harbored 1(sed) gene and 1 isolate harbored mixed 1(sea) and 1(sed). Genes encoding sea represented by a percent of (33.3%), seb (8.3%) while sed (16.7%). On the other hand, Salmonellae could be isolated with an incidence of 6.4% and by PCR 100% of the examined samples were positive. The isolated Salmonella were Salmonella enteritidis(1.8%), Salmonella typhimurium (2.7%) and Salmonella Kentucky (1.8%).