Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The elastic flow of curves in the hyperbolic plane

We consider closed curves in the hyperbolic space moving by the $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy and prove well-posedness and long time existence. Under the additional penalisation of the length we show subconvergence to critical points. A motivation for the study of this flow is given by the relation between elastic curves in the hyperbolic plane and Willmore surfaces of revolution.
Endowments, Coercion, and the Historical Containment of Education

Distinguishing the role of coercive labor and political institutions from the effects of economic inequality levels and populations’ ethno-linguistic compositions in explaining the diverging patterns of development across the Americas has remained a challenging task. This paper examines whether the incentives for elite groups to enforce coercive labor and political institutions, holding other factors constant, inhibited economic development by restricting the provision of public schooling. Using 19th-century micro data from municipalities in Puerto Rico, and exploiting variation in the suitability of coffee cultivation across regions and the timing of the nineteenth century coffee boom, we find that coffee-region local governments allocated more public resources to enforce coercive labor measures and repress revolutionary movements, as documented by greater expenditures targeted towards the enforcement of coercive contracts and the size of military and government-backed paramilitary forces. These local governments also allocated fewer resources towards the provision of primary schooling - a decline of 40 percent in the provision of public primary schools and a decline in literacy rates of 25 percent. These findings are consistent with models of factor price manipulation and political repression under elite-controlled non-democratic regimes, in which the returns to labor are depressed as a result of the extraction of rents from peasants’ wages and literacy-based voting rights are restricted through limited access to schooling.
Scale and selection of habitat and resources: Tibetan argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) in high-altitude rangelands

Processes of habitat selection occur at multiple spatiotemporal scales, where large-scale selection is often determined by predation risk and landscape features, and finer scale selection by resource abundance and quality. To determine whether this hierarchy exists in relatively homogenous systems, we investigated patterns of habitat (landscape topography) and resource (feeding patch and plant group) selection by a medium-sized ungulate, the Tibetan argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni Blyth, 1840), in the high-altitude rangelands of the Indian Trans-Himalaya. We ran ecological niche factor analyses to explore habitat selection, bias-reduced logistic regression to analyze the selection of feeding patches, fuzzy correspondence analysis for vegetation categories, and microhistological analyses for the selection of plant groups. For springs and summers of 2005–2007, argali preferred an intermediate range of altitude, slope, and forage abundance. Selection of feeding patch was mainly determined by forage quality, not .
COMPARISON OF KINESIOTAPING VERSUS LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY FOR CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IN POSTMASTECTOMY LYMPHEDEMA FOR POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Methods: Thirty females were recruited from the surgical department at National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt, their mean ages 55.55± 2.350 years. They were randomized into two equal groups; both groups were received complex physiotherapy in addition to intermittent pneumatic compression at 50 mmHg as part of a congestive drainage treatment protocol three times per week for three months for lymphedema, also they were received strengthening and stretching exercises for wrist muscles and ligaments three times per week while group (A) received kinesio tape application for carpal tunnel syndrome and group (B) low level laser therapy, each patient received 24 treatment sessions at a rate of two sessions/week. Measurements were conducted before starting the treatment as a first record and at the end of treatment after three months as a second record for limb size, grip strength and Boston Questionnaire for carpal tunnel syndrome.
A REVIEW OF CARRIER MOBILITY AND DRAIN CURRENT ENHANCEMENT IN STRAINED Si CHANNEL MOSFET

As the time is going on the technology is growing with the devices small in size and better performance. There are several ways to improve performance of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits and to meet technology requirements. But one of the emerging trends in VLSI circuit is to use strained Si channel MOSFETs to achieve better performance. In this article we have reviewed various methodologies to induce strain in channel & their effect on physical structure and performance of device. Keywords—SOI, є-Si, mobility, MOSFET, SiGe.
Sums of Squares, Modular Forms, and Hecke Characters

This thesis discusses the classical problem of how to calculate rn(m), the number of ways to represent an integer m by a sum of n squares. To this day, there are very few formulas that allow for easy calculation of rn(m). Here, we focus on the case when n is even, hence we can use the theory of integral weight modular forms on Γ1(4) to write down formulas for the theta function θn(q) associated to sums of n squares. In particular, we show that for only a small finite list of n can θn be written as a linear combination consisting entirely of Eisenstein series and cusp forms with complex multiplication. These give rise to “elementary” formulas for rn(m), in which knowing the prime factorization of m allows for their efficient computation. This work is related to Couveignes and Edixhoven’s forthcoming book and Peter Bruin’s forthcoming Ph.D. thesis concerning polynomial-time algorithms for calculating the prime Fourier coefficients of modular forms.
Pt and Pt-Ru Based Catalyst for DMFC

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells have been a promising source of alternative energy as the supply of conventional fuels is slowly being diminished. At the heart of this electrochemical cell a Proton Exchange Membrane laced with a Pt and Pt-Ru catalyst creating a redox reaction. The mechanical properties and composition of this catalyst will be main driving factor in determining how well the fuel cell will perform. This research paper replicates and furthers the research in the catalyst structure used in the DMFC and as such the work represents research in progress.
The effect of maltreatment type on adolescent executive functioning and inner speech

There are indications that different types of maltreatment can lead to different cognitive and behavioural outcomes. This study investigated whether maltreatment type was related to executive functioning (EF) abilities and the use of inner speech. Forty maltreated adolescents and a comparison group of 40 non-maltreated typically developing (TD) adolescents completed a battery of tasks designed to assess both their EF abilities and their vulnerability to disruptions to inner speech. They also completed an IQ test. MANCOVA and ANCOVA analyses were carried out to examine potential effects of maltreatment type (abuse alone; neglect alone; abuse/neglect combined and no maltreatment) on EF and use of inner speech. Maltreatment type was related to EF abilities. In particular, abuse only and abuse/neglect combined had a greater negative impact on EF than neglect only. However, the neglect alone group were more vulnerable to disruptions to inner speech than the other two maltreatment groups, suggesting that they may be more reliant on the use of inner speech. These findings provide new insights into the differential impact of maltreatment type on EF and the use of inner speech in adolescence, and could be used to improve the educational outcomes of these vulnerable young people.
Assessment of Personality from a New Perspective: Characterix Personality Types Inventory

Even though it is taught and used in many countries all over the world there is a lack of emprical research and psychometric assesment on Eneagram classification system of personality. This study aimed to contribute the this literature and present some evidence as well as developing a valid and reliable inventory. Research sample consisted of 21140 young and adults and data were randomly divided into two groups with an aim of conducting principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for each data set. As a result the inventory formed with 72 items and it can be said that it has high item-factor loadings, and each dimension measures the characteristics intended to measure while explaining the variance at an acceptable level. Many of the findings indicated a good fit. Sufficient internal consistency values were obtained in all dimensions. All these findings indicate that the inventory has sufficient reliability and validity values.
Strategic Orientation and Organisational Culture in Polish Public Organisations: Insights from the Miles and Snow Typology

Summary Polish public organisations are often perceived as having strong bureaucratic orientation, avoiding both change and risk. However, in the last decade a distinct change in the management model of public organisations can be noticed. Public sector becomes an open ground for mergers and partnerships, entrepreneurial leadership, diversified services and commercialization (Golensky and DeRuiter 1999; Zimmerman and Dart, 1998; Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2004; Walker, 2013]. Public organisations embrace these strategies from the for-profit sector in order to manage change and to be effective. Most importantly, public organisations are adopting these frameworks in order to survive the changing operating environment, including changes in the level of government funding. Our paper draws on the Miles and Snow (1978) typology of generic strategies - prospectors, defenders, analysers, and reactors - to identify different organisational strategies within public organisations providing social services in Poland. In order to assess organisational culture we used the most widespread and used in many empirical studies Cameron and Quinn’s model (2003), the Competing Values Framework (CVF), from which four cultures - adhocracy, clan, market and hierarchy - emerge. The choice of these two providers of social services was dictated by our conviction, that these organisations are critical both for the national economy and for mitigating, counteracting and preventing social exclusion.
Overview of Deep Kernel Learning Based Techniques and Applications

Machine learning, especially neural network algorithm, gets more attentions in the last decades. With the in-depth study of intelligence algorithm and network structure, machine learning is widely used in many aspects, such as data mining, computer vision, data recognition and classification. Because of the nonlinear and complex characters of target data, the researches above need fairly accurate characteristics space extracted from the data space. This process relies on machine learning to perform better, since artificial rules cant obtain the most efficient features. Researchers combine kernel methods and deep neural network to keep their advantages and make up their defects, then apply deep kernel learning to improve the algorithm performance in application. In this paper, we present an overview of the research progress of deep kernel learning and its applications. We introduce the basic theories and their fusion which form several deep kernel learning structures to enhance algorithm properties and performance in practice.
Modeling the NPA of a Midsized Indian Nationalized Bank as a Function of Advances

Non-performing assets (NPA) occur in loans given by a bank or a financial institution where in the borrower defaults or delays interest and or principal payment. The management of NPAs therefore, is a very important part of credit management of banks and financial institutions in the Country. Currently NPA estimates in India are predominantly obtained from the figures published by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). However it would be helpful for banks and financial institutions to have an estimate of the NPA as soon as loan amounts are disbursed. This study attempted to develop a predictive model for the NPA% at both the gross and net level from the advances made at a midsized Indian national bank. A strong correlation was observed between gross and net NPA% and the advances made suggesting that estimates of gross and net NPA can be made from advances. Linear and non linear models were fit to predict the NPA% from the amounts advanced. A non linear model linking both Gross and net NPA to advances provided the best curve fit and the least deviation from actual values. Thus by simply looking at advances an overall picture of the banks NPA level can be ascertained. Keywords :, Advances, Gross NPA, Indian nationalized Bank, Linear Model, Net NPA, Non Linear Models, NPA Management.
Firm Size, Compensation and Firm Deaths in SMEs: A Evidence from America

This paper mainly investigates how SMEs compensation affects their collapse and render unsustainable. We utilize annual time series data provided by America’s Small Business Administration from 1988 to 2014. We decompose SMEs into three size categories (micro, small and medium) and analyze the impact of compensation on the collapse of each of these sub-divisions to capture the extent this might help inform policy. Our ARDL Bounds Test analysis shows that compensation and firm deaths or sustainability have long-run relationship. Through VECM Granger causality analysis, we find a unidirectional causality running from compensation to firm death indicating that the compensation system to workers of SMEs significantly contributes to their sustainability.
Research on the singing voice in retrospect

Many years have elapsed since the first articles on various aspects of the singing voice were published. Here my own research on singer’s formant, formant tuning, breathing, and voice source are reviewed in the light of later contributions. Detweiler’s and Wang’s studies of the singer’s formant are commented. The idea that singers tend to tune F1 and/or F2 to harmonic partials is analysed and some open questions are pointed out. Various investigations of the voice source and breathing are discussed and some attractive topics for future research are described. The article was written at the request of the recent conference on Physiology and Acoustics of Singing in Groningen, where researchers were asked to review their own research on the singing voice.
SOLVING MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMAL POWER FLOW USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE ELECTRO SEARCH ALGORITHM

In this paper Multi-Objective Electro Search algorithm (MOES) is presented for solving optimal power flow (OPF) in electric power networks. This paper solves OPF problem in order to optimize fuel cost, active power loss and emission. This research, utilizes crowding distance computations and non-dominated sorting method to obtain non-dominated optimal solutions. This paper uses fuzzy based determination method in order to choose the proper solution from the non-dominated optimal set of solutions. IEEE 30-bus test network is used to evaluate performance of MOES algorithm for optimizing power flow in the networks.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Calcium Handling of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

For decades, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been used for the management of cardiovascular diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in their beneficial effects are not fully understood. Recent publications point to the fun - damental role of aldosterone and vascular MR in the regulation of arterial tone, vascular contractility, and cell proliferation. However, the intricate transduction machinery acti - vated by vascular MRs has begun to be revealed with the help of transgenic rodent mod els and novel transcriptional analysis approaches. Specifically, in this chapter, we review and discuss the most recent contributions about the fine-tuning that the MR exerts on the expression and function of ion channels that participate in calcium handling of vascular cells and the therapeutic implications for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Tawau, Sabah

In order for the teachers to function effectively in a school system, it is important that teachers need to seek satisfaction and happiness not only in the intrinsic aspects of teaching job but also in other dimensions related to the teacher work experience in the wider social environment. This paper examines the level and differences in the job satisfaction of 200 Sabah secondary school teachers with respect to the various teachers characteristics identified as gender, service category, job title, tenure and place of origin. Data was collected through survey questionnaire. The finding reveals that secondary school teachers in Tawau, Sabah are generally satisfied with their job. There is significant relationship between job satisfaction and gender, whereby the male teachers are generally more satisfied than female teachers. The graduate teachers are more satisfied than non-graduate teachers. The higher ranking teachers are more satisfied than the ordinary teachers. Also, older teachers are more satisfied than younger teachers. However, there is no significant relationship between places of origin of teachers with job satisfaction. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed.
Glutamic Acid Residues in the C-Terminal Extension of Hsp 25 are Critical for Structural and Functional Integrity

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are intracellular molecular chaperones that prevent the aggregation and precipitation of partially-folded and destabilized proteins. sHsps are comprised of an evolutionarily conserved region of 80-100 amino acids denoted the α-crystallin domain which is flanked by regions of variable sequence and length: the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal extension. Whilst the two domains are known to be involved in organization of the quaternary structure of sHsps and interaction with their target proteins, the role of the C-terminal extension is enigmatic. Despite the lack of sequence similarity, the Cterminal extension of mammalian sHsps is typically a short, polar segment which is unstructured and highly flexible and protrudes from the oligomeric structure. Both the polarity and flexibility of the C-terminal extension are important for the maintenance of sHsp solubility and the complex it makes with its target protein. In the present study, mutants of murine Hsp25 were prepared in which the glutamic acid residues in the C-terminal extension at positions 190, 199 and 204 were each replaced with alanine. The mutants were found to be structurally altered and functionally impaired. Whilst there were no significant differences in the environment of tryptophan residues in the N-terminal domain or overall secondary structure, an increase in exposed hydrophobicity was observed for the mutants compared with wild type Hsp25. The average molecular masses of the E199A and E204A mutants were comparable to the wild type protein, while the E190A mutant was marginally smaller. All mutants displayed markedly reduced thermostability and chaperone activity compared with wild type. It is concluded that each of the glutamic acid residues in the Cterminal extension is important for Hsp25 to act as an effective molecular chaperone.
Analysis of Deep Learning Models

Approximation properties and improper learning of deep learning models with the rectifier activation function are studied. Explicit approximation bounds are given for single-layer networks and a class of target functions with a smoothness property related to the Fourier transform. An alternative kernel is proposed for the kernel method [Zhang, Y. , Lee, J. D. and Jordan, M. I. (2015). `1regularized neural networks are improperly learnable in polynomial time. ] that enables improper learning of single-layer neural networks with one-dimensional input and bounded weights.
Ultrastructure studies of two chemosynthetic invertebrate-bacterial symbioses (Lamellibrachia sp. and Acharax sp.) from the Hatsushima cold seeps in Sagami Bay, Japan

Transmission electron micrographs prepared from the symbiont-containing tissues of two cold seep metazoans were used to explore the ultrastructure of trophosome and gill tissues from a vestimentiferan ( Lamellibrachia sp.) and a protobranch bivalve (Acharax sp.) from cold seeps in Sagami Bay, Japan. Interpretation of cell ultrastructure focused on the potential modes of chemosynthesis by symbiotic bacteria and method of carbon transfer from symbionts to the host tissue. The characteristics of symbiont ultrastructure were similar to sulfide-oxidizing symbionts reported from other invertebratebacterial symbioses, with little evidence of symbiont morphologies typical of methane-oxidizing bacteria. Two different symbiont types were observed in trophosome tissue from a single individual of the vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp. Both symbiont types were ovoid to coccoid with sizes near 0.5 to 1 μm and 3 to 5 μm. Symbiont morphology of one type (type A) was very similar to sulfide-oxidizing symbionts reported from other vestimentiferans. Dense cytoplasm and much smaller size characterized the second symbiont type from Lamellibrachia sp. Gill tissue from an individual of the protobranch bivalve Acharax sp. had large bacteriocytes, packed densely with pleomorphic rod-like symbionts to 5 μm long. The size, shape, and cytoplasmic appearance of these symbionts are similar to sulfide-oxidizing symbionts from chemoautotrophic protobranch in the genus Solemya. For both symbioses, closely related species have been shown to release carbon products directly from symbiont to host, and may not rely on intracellular digestion of symbionts for symbiont carbon assimilation. Vacuoles in symbiont containing tissues of both host metazoans examined are unlike those observed in chemosynthetic species of vesicomyid clams and mytilid mussels, which may rely primarily on symbiont digestion as a means of carbon transfer. Degradation of symbionts in bacteriocytes in some trophosome regions in Lamellibrachia sp. suggests that symbiont digestion may also be important. Although our limited sample of TEM images from both seep metazoans are consistent with cell structure reported for other sulfide-oxidizing symbionts, additional study, including enzymatic and isotopic analyses, as well as greater replication of ultrastructural studies, are required to determine if sulfide-oxidation is the sole chemosynthetic mode of these species. Multiple chemosynthetic modes for the two symbiont types observed in Lamellibrachia sp. is also possible, as documented for symbionts in some chemosynthetic mytilid mussels from cold seep and hydrothermal vent locations.