Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A road map to assess critical materials content in boron industrial wastes using sustainable micro-X-ray fluorescence and total reflection X-ray fluorescence instrumentation

Turkey is the leading country in the world in terms of boron production and sale. Increasing boron production goes along with an increasing generation of boron wastes. The pollution of the soil and the air around the waste piles, as well as the occupation of several square kilometers of ground, are major environmental problems. It is, therefore, very important to make use of the wastes to both protect the environment and create revenue. This work presenteda road map for fast screening of boron waste for critical elements followed by determination of the elements using small footprint low power instrumentation. The sample preparation was kept to a minimum. A procedure that allowed an assessment of critical materials in industrial production waste with minimal consumption of hazardous acids, energy, and time was presented. The samples were first screened for valuable and hazardous elements by micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Samples with considerable contents of Cs, Rb, and Aswere then prepared as slurries for the total reflection XRF (TXRF) measurement. To evaluate the TXRF procedure, a standard reference material was analyzed. As a result, Rb and Cs in concentrations up to 420 ± 70 and 1500 ± 200 mg/kg were detected in some of the waste forms. The time savings were in order of a factor of 3 when comparing the prescreening combined micro-XRF and TXRF approach to an all TXRFanalysis approach.
Superconductivity Dependence on Epitaxial NbN Film Thickness

A series of NbN films (2.2–200 nm thick) were epitaxially grown on (100) oriented single crystal MgO substrates using reactive dc magnetron sputtering. As the film thickness decreased, the superconducting critical temperature (<italic>T</italic><sub>C</sub>) and the residual resistivity ratio both decreased, the normal state resistivity increased, while the zero temperature coherence length remained basically unchanged. In addition, a negative linear relationship existed between the <italic>T</italic><sub>C</sub> and the normal state resistivity at 20 K. Hall Effect measurements showed that the carrier density of the 200-nm-thick NbN film that exhibited the highest <italic>T</italic><sub>C</sub> (16.63 K) decreased from 1.12 × 10<sup>23</sup> to 5.56 × 10<sup>22</sup> <italic>e</italic>/cm<sup>−3</sup> in going to the 2.2-nm-thick NbN film that exhibited the lowest <italic>T</italic><sub>C</sub> (9.28 K). By fitting the data using McMillan theory for strong coupling superconductors, the <italic>T</italic><sub>C</sub> for the NbN films was determined directly from the thickness-dependent carrier density.
Highly Conducting and Very Thin ZnO:Al Films with ZnO Buffer Layer Fabricated by Solid Phase Crystallization from Amorphous Phase

We propose a novel method of oxide crystal growth via atomic-additive mediated amorphization. By utilizing this method, solid-phase crystallization (SPC) of ZnO from amorphous phase has been successfully demonstrated via nitrogen atom mediation. The resultant SPC-ZnO films are highly orientated and the crystallinity is higher than that of the films prepared by conventional sputtering. By using the SPC-ZnO as a buffer layer, the resistivity of ZnO:Al (AZO) films is drastically decreased. 20-nm-thick AZO films with a resistivity of 5×10-4 Ω cm and an optical transmittance higher than 80% in a wide wavelength range of 400–2500 nm have been obtained.
Uniqueness of psychological contract in a faith-based organization (FBO)

This study aims to explore the uniqueness of the psychological contract in the Faith-Based Organization (FBO). Psychological contracts, as part of the bond between individuals and organizations, are constantly evolving research. In line with the Conservation of Organizational Resources (COR) theory, organizations strive to defend their resources. Faith-Based Organization (FBO) is an organization with minimal written formal contracts. The bond with the members is a bond with the same values and goals. This research examines the psychological contract of FBO, from the aspects of formation, contribution and violation. The formation of shared values which becomes the affective commitment of FBO members is specifically discussed because of the uniqueness of the organization with its ideological and religiosity sides. Using the lens of the COR theory, this study sees the psychological contract of the two elements of the FBO, namely members and organization. This study is literature review using traditional narrative methods. The results show that there have not been many in-depth studies of the psychological contract on religious organizations (FBO) with religious aspects that characterize the psychology of individuals in it. Spirituality exerts a significant influence on the psychological contracts of FBO organization members. This study creates new conceptual and gaps in research related to psychological contracts. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Adhesion mechanics of the surface force apparatus

The surface force apparatus (SFA) comprises thin molecularly smooth mica sheets glued to glass cylinders, which are pressed into contact with their axes at right angles. It is frequently used, in conjunction with the Johnson - Kendall - Roberts (JKR) adhesion theory, to extract the surface energy of the contacting sheets. This procedure is open to possible error since the JKR theory is based on the contact of homogeneous, isotropic elastic cylinders. This paper extends the JKR theory to the layered structure of the SFA. Two approaches have been followed: (i) direct calculations for prescribed values of the layer thickness and elastic moduli; (ii) an experimental calibration procedure for an existing apparatus.
Highly Efficient Dehydrogenation of 5‐Benzyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐thioxoimidazolidin‐4‐one: Microwave versus Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Conditions

5-Benzyl-3-phenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one underwent thermal dehydrogenation to afford 5-benzylidene-2-thioxoimidaxolidin-4-one under microwave and flash vacuum pyrolysis conditions. A high predominance of the Z-isomer over the E-isomer of the imidazolidinone product was achieved. By using DFT and NBO calculations, the mechanism of the dehydrogenation and the selectivity were also explored.
Remote lasing in air by recombination and electron impact excitation of molecular nitrogen

We analyze and simulate the physical mechanisms for a remote atmospheric lasing configuration which utilizes a combination of an ultrashort pulse laser to form a plasma filament of seed electrons, and a heater beam to heat the seed electrons. Nitrogen molecules are excited by electron impact and recombination processes to induce lasing in the ultraviolet. Recombination excitation, thermal excitation, gain, and saturation are analyzed and simulated. The lasing gain is sufficiently high to reach saturation within the length of the plasma filament. A remotely generated ultraviolet source may have applications for standoff detection of biological and chemical agents.
Burnout: Why Are Teacher Educators Reaching Their Limits?

Burnout among our P-12 teachers has been well documented throughout the years. Yet, little research has been conducted into the burnout of higher education professionals in general, and teacher educators more specifically. Lackritz (2004) found that emotional exhaustion is significantly and positively related to teaching load, grading, office hours, grant money, service time, and number of service activities. This research looks further into the variables that may impact burnout for higher education faculty, specifically in teacher education, seeking to answer the questions: Are teacher educators in NY experiencing symptoms of burnout? If so, what internal and/or external factors/conditions are contributing to their burnout? Are specific groups of teacher educators more atrisk for developing burnout more so than others? Survey results reveal that teacher educators currently have a very low to moderate chance of burnout, but report experiencing many of the stressors that have been identified as leading to future burnout. The findings build on and extend beyond Maslach, Schaufeli and Leiter’s (2001) framework which includes factors of workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values.
Agronomic Effectiveness of Cationic Phosphate Impurities Present in Superphosphate Fertilizers as Affected by Soil pH

Abstract The general concept that low‐water‐soluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers should be more agronomically effective when applied to acidic soils was developed based on sources containing mainly calcium (Ca)‐P compounds, but it may not hold true for sources with different chemical composition. To obtain information related to this issue, two important iron (Fe)–potassium (K)–P compounds present in superphosphates [Fe3KH8(PO4)6 · 6H2O, H8, and Fe3KH14(PO4)8 · 4H2O, H14] were prepared and characterized. These P sources were used to provide 30 and 60 mg P kg−1 as neutral ammonium citrate (NAC)+H2O‐soluble P. Reagent‐grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP) was used as a standard P source with high water solubility with an additional rate of 120 mg P kg−1 included. Also, mixtures of both Fe‐K‐P compounds and MCP were prepared to provide 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total P as MCP. All sources were applied to a clayey loamy acid soil (pH 5.3) classified as Rhodic Kanhapludult. The soil was incubated at two rates (0 and 10 g kg−1) of lime, which resulted in pH 5.4 and 6.8. Upland rice was cultivated to maturity. The H14 compound confirmed to be a highly effective source of P for the rice plants at both soil pH, as opposed to the H8, which was poorly effective when applied alone. When mixed with water‐soluble P (WSP), the H8 was able to provide P to the plants with the maximum yield of upland rice reached with 54.8 and 80.5% of WSP for pH 5.4 and 6.8, respectively. The high agronomic performance of the H14 compound clearly indicates that this low‐water‐soluble P source cannot be deemed as ineffective at high soil pH. Conducted with the financial support from the Research Foundation for the State of São Paulo (FAPESP).
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, TRANSMISSION, DIAGNOSIS, AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE HIGHLY PATHOGENIC HUMAN CORONAVIRUSES (SARS-COV, MERS-COV AND SARS-COV-2)

Coronavirus infection in humans is not uncommon. The first coronavirus (HCoV-229E) in humans was isolated in 1965. Subsequently, three more coronaviruses were recognized: HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E. These viruses are endemic in humans and cause common cold and mild respiratory infections throughout the year. The three coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic coronaviruses that cause very severe respiratory diseases in human. SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging coronavirus posing pandemic COVID-19 disease that has disrupted the human life in many ways. In this review, the origin, evolution, transmission, vaccine development, and clinical characteristics of these highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are compared and discussed to understand the common and different features of these viruses and their relevance to develop a successful vaccine to control the pandemic COVID-19.
Preparing the CDC Public Health Workforce for Emergency Response

Abstract A critical component of successful public health emergency responses is the availability of appropriate numbers of personnel with emergency response expertise. To achieve this, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focused on strengthening training, personnel database systems, and responder outreach. To ensure availability of well-trained public health emergency responders, CDC and external partners coordinated training, planning, exercise, and evaluation activities; established the School of Preparedness and Emergency Response; and implemented Responder Training Tiers for response roles with defined functional competencies. For personnel information, CDC developed interoperable databases to streamline the search for specific staff expertise for a response. To improve responder outreach, CDC developed various mechanisms to efficiently identify and assign potential responders to responses. These measures work together to sustain a qualified workforce for public health emergencies, and may be helpful to other public health agencies for staffing and training of their response workforce.
Cooperative Method of Traffic Signal Optimization and Speed Control of Connected Vehicles at Isolated Intersections

Signalized intersections play an important role in transportation efficiency and vehicle fuel economy in urban areas. This paper proposes a cooperative method of traffic signal control and vehicle speed optimization for connected automated vehicles, which optimizes the traffic signal timing and vehicles’ speed trajectories at the same time. The method consists of two levels, i.e., roadside traffic signal optimization and onboard vehicle speed control. The former calculates the optimal traffic signal timing and vehicles’ arrival time to minimize the total travel time of all vehicles; the latter optimizes the engine power and brake force to minimize the fuel consumption of individual vehicles. The enumeration method and the pseudospectral method are applied in roadside and onboard optimization, respectively. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the proposed method with benchmark methods. The results show significant improvement of transportation efficiency and fuel economy by the cooperation method.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent, Nonionic, Water Self-Dispersible Oligothiophenes

Two α-septithiophenes substituted at the third position of the middle ring with polyethyleneglycol of different molecular weights (PEG 1000 and PEG 2000) were synthesized using Suzuki condensation. Their structural characterization was performed by 1H NMR and FT-IR. The thermal behavior of the new synthesized oligothiophenes was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetrical (TGA) analysis. Photophysical properties in solutions were evaluated by UV-vis and fluorescence measurements using different solvents. The amphiphilic nature of the synthesized oligothiophenes and the presence of the PEG side chains induced self-dispersibility in water and the possibility of fluorescent nanoparticles forming by self-assembling. The size of nanoparticles in water was assessed by DLS and AFM investigations.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of compounds

The synthesis and magnetic properties of have been investigated. The formation of is found to depend strongly on annealing temperature. Pure single-phase compound can be synthesized at ambient pressure when . The main phase of the Laves structure can still be observed up to x = 0.8. The study of crystalline parameters, magnetic moments and Mossbauer spectra for single-phase is performed. Curie temperature and local Fe magnetic moment increase with the increasing Pr concentration. Extrapolating the trends the spontaneous magnetization and anisotropy constant of are 4.98 and at 1.5 K, respectively. Magnetostriction increases with increasing x and the largest saturation magnetostriction, 200 ppm, is observed for x = 0.5. With the increase of Pr concentration, lattice parameter and spontaneous magnetization anomalies exist in a specific range 0.2 < x < 0.5 that can be attributed to the change of Ce ion valence toward tetravalent.
Multi-dimensional public–private partnership readiness index: a sub-national analysis of India

Purpose Despite being a global public–private partnerships (PPPs) leader, India faces a vast PPP divide at a sub-national level, wherein a few states receive the majority of PPP projects, whereas other states face severe issues in attracting PPP investments. This necessitates the identification of factors that make some states attractive to PPP investors. The purpose of this study is to construct a “PPP readiness index” at the Indian state-level, which aims to assess the readiness of states for the diffusion of PPPs. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative method on secondary data, the study scores 17 Indian states on dimensions such as experience with PPPs, physical infrastructure, financial sector development, market conditions, institutional quality and political stability and fiscal constraints for each of the years during 2009–2018. Principal component analysis is used for assigning weights to the dimensions, thereby arriving at the composite index. Findings Results highlight that Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra offer the most favorable environment for PPPs to flourish. In contrast, Jharkhand and Bihar are laggards because they score the least and have limited PPP experience. Practical implications The index will assist the private sector in conducting a comparative analysis between state-specific PPP arrangements, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions prior to forging PPP arrangements. Further, the index will help the state governments in improving their PPP readiness by following the policies of the leading states. Social implications Improvement in PPP readiness of the states will enable higher PPP investments in infrastructure, thereby reducing infrastructure deficits. This, in turn, will lead to economic growth, development and an improvement in the quality of life. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that comprehensively analyzes the PPP readiness at a sub-national level in India.
Thermal adaptations to extreme freeze–thaw cycles in the high tropical Andes

Temperature plays a key role in the biology of ectotherms, including anurans, which are found at higher elevations in the tropics than anywhere in the temperate zone. High elevation tropical environments are characterized by extreme daily thermal fluctuation including high daily maxima and nightly freezing. Our study investigated the contrasting operative temperatures of the anurans Telmatobius marmoratus and Pleurodema marmoratum in different environmental contexts at the same elevation and biome above 5,200 m. Telmatobius marmoratus avoids extremes of daily temperature fluctuation by utilizing thermally buffered aquatic habitat at all life stages, with minimal operative temperature variation (range: 4.6–8.0°C). Pleurodema marmoratum, in contrast, experienced operative temperatures from −3.5 to 44°C and has one of the widest thermal breadths reported for any tropical frog, from >32°C (critical thermal maximum) to surviving freezing periods of 1 and 6 hr down to −3.0°C. Our findings expand experimental evidence of frost tolerance in amphibians to the widespread Neotropical family Leptodactylidae, the first such evidence of frost tolerance in a tropical amphibian. Our study identifies three strategies (wide thermal tolerance breadth, use of buffered microhabitats, and behavioral thermoregulation), which allow these tropical frogs to withstand the current wide daily thermal fluctuation above 5,000 m.a.s.l. and which may help them adapt to future climatic changes.
Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis

The issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming the key area of interest. By improving of driving techniques and the implementation of eco-driving, it is possible to save electric energy. Systems that help to decrease energy consumption and to reduce fuel emissions are becoming popular in vehicles powered by diesel engines. However, these methods have not yet gained popularity in electric vehicles. Therefore, determining the impact of individual parameters on energy consumption is a very important task. This paper presents a novel method of analysis and optimization of electric bus driving parameters based on measurements and the MCDA method. I present data analysis of vehicle data logger recordings using the most important PCA extracted factors. The influence of several factors was estimated.
ABench2020: A WCET Benchmark Suite in Ada Programming Language

Validation is an important part of the development process of real-time systems. During validation, it should be proved that, the system meets its timing constraints. Therefore, worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis is performed. Currently, several WCET analysis tools are being developed. Researchers who develop new WCET analysis tools, need benchmarks to evaluate and compare their tools with alternatives. These benchmarks are called WCET benchmarks. In this paper a new WCET benchmark suite named ABench2020 is introduced. Its main focus is to provide benchmark programs in Ada programming language for WCET research. Therefore, ABench2020 includes several benchmark programs which were written in Ada programming language. The benchmark programs implement different program structures and properties to help researchers test their systems from different aspects. ABench2020 was published as open source. It is freely available over the Internet.
Research on Short-term Power Load Forecasting Based on Bi-GRU

The precise, accurate and efficient short-term load forecasting can guide the power supply companies to rationally arrange power dispatch plans, help improve the stability of grid operation, and significantly, improving power utilization, thereby optimizing corporate marketing strategies and increasing corporate economic returns. Short-term load forecasting methods based on deep learning have gained greater attention from academia and power companies. Among them, the load forecasting model based on recurrent neural network has gained excellent forecasting results compared with traditional machine learning models. The advantage of the cyclic neural network is that it can extract the degree of relevance of the data in the time dimension, but the unidirectional network only considers the impact of historical data on the current forecast. This paper proposes a load forecasting model based on a bidirectional gated recurrent unit, which further improves the relevance of data. However, it introduces meteorological factors and the influence of holidays to improve the accuracy of forecast results. Taking the power load data of a district of a city in China as an example, the prediction results of this model meet the actual requirements and show better prediction performance over Bi-LSTM, LSTM, GRU, and other models.
Detection technology of malicious code family based on BiLSTM-CNN

The explosive growth of the number of malicious code makes it one of the important threats to network security. Among them, a new type of malicious code family accounts for a small part, and most of them are generated by mutation on the basis of the original family. Based on batch processing of newly added malicious code, this paper proposes a malicious code family detection technology combining malicious code visualization and deep learning. The malicious code executable file is directly converted into a grayscale image, and then the BiLSTM-CNN deep learning algorithm is used to detect the malicious code family. Experiments prove that the model has higher accuracy.