Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viscous Throughflow Modelling of Axial Compressor Bladerows Using a Tangential Blade Force Hypothesis

This paper describes the modelling of axial compressor blade rows in an axisymmetric viscous throughflow method. The basic method, which has been reported before, includes the effects of spanwise mixing, using a turbulent diffusion model, and endwall shear within the throughflow calculation. The blades are modelled using a combination of existing two-dimensional blade performance predictions for loss and deviation away from the annulus walls and a novel approach using tangential blade forces in the endwall regions. Relatively simple assumptions about the behaviour of the tangential static pressure force imposed by the blades allow the secondary deviations produced by tip clearance flows and the boundary layer flows at fixed blade ends to be calculated in the axisymmetric model. Additional losses are assigned in these regions based on the calculated deviations. The resulting method gives realistic radial distributions of loss and deviation across the whole span at both design and off-design operating conditions providing a quick method of estimating the magnitudes of these effects in the preliminary design process. Results from the method are compared to measured data in low and high speed compressors and multistage three-dimensional viscous CFD predictions.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Ultra-wide-band 3D microwave imaging scanner for the detection of concealed weapons

The threat of concealed weapons, explosives and contraband in footwear, bags and suitcases has led to the development of new devices, which can be deployed for security screening. To address known deficiencies of metal detectors and x-rays, an UWB 3D microwave imaging scanning apparatus using FMCW stepped frequency working in the K and Q bands and with a planar scanning geometry based on an x y stage, has been developed to screen suspicious luggage and footwear. To obtain microwave images of the concealed weapons, the targets are placed above the platform and the single transceiver horn antenna attached to the x y stage is moved mechanically to perform a raster scan to create a 2D synthetic aperture array. The S11 reflection signal of the transmitted sweep frequency from the target is acquired by a VNA in synchronism with each position step. To enhance and filter from clutter and noise the raw data and to obtain the 2D and 3D microwave images of the concealed weapons or explosives, data processing techniques are applied to the acquired signals. These techniques include background subtraction, Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), thresholding, filtering by gating and windowing and deconvolving with the transfer function of the system using a reference target. To focus the 3D reconstructed microwave image of the target in range and across the x y aperture without using focusing elements, 3D Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques are applied to the post-processed data. The K and Q bands, between 15 to 40 GHz, show good transmission through clothing and dielectric materials found in luggage and footwear. A description of the system, algorithms and some results with replica guns and a comparison of microwave images obtained by IFFT, 2D and 3D SAR techniques are presented.
A QUALITY OF SERVICE BASED AODV WITH QoS-AWARE ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR MANETs

One of the important challenging tasks in mobile Adhoc network is to provide a quality of service with delay and bandwidth restraint. To provide an end–to –end quality of service, the protocols should be used effectively and efficiently. In this paper, we proposed an new protocol AODV-D, which is an efficient local route repair mechanism for multi-hop Adhoc networks. The main objective of this paper is to enhance the network performance of AODV in case of frequent path breaks due to link failure. Simulations were carried out in ns-2 and the quantitative metrics like PDR, end-to end QoS and route life time were analyzed with existing AODV protocol
Waveform Distortion Caused by High Power Adjustable Speed Drives Part I: High Computational Efficiency Models

Waveform distortion caused by high power adjustable speed drives is considered and two high computational efficiency models are proposed. Both models are essentially based on the switching function theory and on a new simplified control system representation. The first refers to the solution based on the Line Commutated Inverters, the second to the case of the Pulse Width Modulated Inverters. Models' accuracy and computational efficiency are demonstrated. In a companion paper, the proposed models are applied inside a simulation procedure for the probabilistic analysis of waveform distortion on both the supply and motor sides of the two types of Adjustable Speed Drives here considered.
Donation after cardiac death in heart transplantation: is there an ethical dilemma?

Purpose of review In an attempt to address the organ shortages in heart transplantation, USA centres have begun utilizing donation after cardiac death (DCD) as an alternative to traditional donation after brain death (DBD). As this paradigm continues to expand, there is a need to address the medico-legal and ethical aspects of DCD donation, which is the focus of the current review. Recent findings Current protocols use criteria established by the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), which is explicit in defining the irreversibility of circulation and brain function in determining death. By the nature of DCD, the patient may not meet death criteria from a biological systems perspective of irreversibility, and thus, the moral dilemma ensues on whether removing vital organs violates our legal and moral obligations to the patient. Summary In the current article, we review the ethical issues raised with DCD and define DCD protocols and their ability to comply with established regulatory guidelines while respecting the wishes of patients and their surrogates through informed decisions making about organ donation and end-of-life care.
Protective Immunity against Gamma and Zeta Variants after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus Immunization

The persistent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 represents an ongoing global threat due to the emergence of new viral variants that can sometimes evade the immune system of previously exposed or vaccinated individuals. We conducted a follow-up study of adult individuals that had received an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, evaluating antibody production and neutralizing activity over a period of 6 months. In addition, we performed mice immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV-2, and evaluated the immune response and pathological outcomes against Gamma and Zeta variant infection. Vaccinated individuals produced high levels of antibodies with robust neutralizing activity, which was significantly reduced against Gamma and Zeta variants. Production of IgG anti-S antibodies and neutralizing activity robustly reduced after 6 months of vaccination. Immunized mice demonstrated cellular response against Gamma and Zeta variants, and after viral infection, reduced viral loads, IL-6 expression, and histopathological outcome in the lungs. TNF levels were unchanged in immunized or not immunized mice after infection with the Gamma variant. Furthermore, serum neutralization activity rapidly increases after infection with the Gamma and Zeta variants. Our data suggest that immunization with inactivated WT SARS-CoV-2 induces a promptly responsive cross-reactive immunity response against the Gamma and Zeta variants, reducing COVID-19 pathological outcomes.
Demand for alcohol use among students at higher education institutions: an integrative literature review

ABSTRACT Background The high prevalence rates of alcohol use among students in higher education is a public health concern. Most interventions aim to reduce alcohol-related harm, while few demand reduction strategies exist. Aims The aim if this article was to review existing evidence in order to address alcohol abuse among students from a demand reduction approach. Methods The authors searched databases PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened according to the following inclusion criteria: qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods research, using a population of higher education students, published between 2010 and 2020, written in English. This article presents the findings of 26 sources that addressed the demand for alcohol and demand reduction among students. Findings Two themes emerged, namely, risk factors that increase the demand for alcohol use, and protective factors that reduce the demand for alcohol use among students. The subthemes revealed intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental risk and protective factors. Conclusions Reducing the demand for alcohol use among students is a critical health priority that requires a combination of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental interventions.
Theoretical model for temperature gradients within bare overhead conductors

A thermal model is described which can be used to calculate the temperature distribution within an energized, stranded overhead conductor. It has been shown that for typical conductor constructions energized to current levels which produce conductor temperatures less than 100 degrees C and for reasonable weather conditions, the maximum temperature difference that exists in stranded conductors is less than 10 degrees C. If conditions reach such a state that birdcaging in the conductor occurs, then temperature differences within the conductor greater than 10 degrees C can result. However, birdcaging will only occur in conductors for which the supporting strands have a coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than that of the conducting strands (ACSR, for example) and only at elevated temperatures, usually well above 100 degrees C. Finally, the results show that ampacity models based on the assumption of an isothermal conductor will provide accurate predictions of a conductor temperature that are between the center and surface temperatures. A few general conclusions are drawn about the influence of temperature gradients on conductor sags. >
Power system reliability and its assessment. I. Background and generating capacity

The functional zones of a power system (generation, transmission and distribution) can be divided into three hierarchical levels. The first level relates to generation facilities which are considered in this article. The authors discuss generation capacity requirements, probabilistic criteria and indices, and reliability evaluation. The modelling approach, peak load effect and generation expansion planning are also discussed. >
Four-wave mixing reduction technique based on smart filter approach

This paper proposed a new technique to suppress the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect by using a smart filter technique. The behaviour of FWM and the performance of wavelength division multiplexing systems with 4 and 16 channels were simulated in the presence of the proposed technique. The simulation was also performed under different parameters such as input power, number of channels and channel spacing. The FWM power drastically decreases by 12 and 19 dB for the 4 and 16 channels, respectively, when the smart filter is used as compared with the conventional system. In terms of system performance, the suggested approach for 4 and 16 channels at the first channel offers low bit error rate (BER) values of 3.23 × 10−23 and 1.7 × 10−21, respectively. The smart filter with the channel spacing variation for the 4-channel system subsequently improved the BER value at the fourth channel. Results confirm that the smart filter approach is an active solution that can suppress the FWM effect in optical transmission systems.
Management standards and institutional influence: An exploratory study using the Baldrige criteria

Abstract Theories of institutional diffusion propose that the adoption of new management practices evolves toward legitimacy-based rationales as organizations implement administrative techniques deemed socially acceptable. This article proposes that institutional forces also shape management standards designed to convey norms of effective management practice. Incomplete consensus among varied stakeholders involved in the standardization process fosters steadfast institutional pressure to push management standard scopes beyond their technical cores to include content with broader social appeal. This premise is explored using an influential management standard of the TQM movement—the criteria developed in conjunction with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Analysis of discourse appearing in the series of Baldrige criteria booklets published since 1988 suggest that the scope of the management standard reflected by the Baldrige framework, core values, and criteria requirements has expanded to become more socially inclusive over time. Tensions created by management standards aimed at facilitating both legitimate appearance and technical improvement are subsequently discussed.
Deficiency of IKKα in Macrophages Mitigates Fibrosis Progression in the Kidney after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Aims. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and macrophages play a key role in this process. The aim of this study was to discover the role of IκB kinase α (IKKα) in macrophages in the process of AKI-to-CKD transition. Main Methods. We crossed lyz2-Cre mice with IKKα-floxed mice to generate mice with IKKα ablation in macrophages (Mac IKKα-/-). A mouse renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model was induced by clamping the renal artery for 45 minutes. Treated mice were evaluated for blood biochemistry, tissue histopathology, and fibrosis markers. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneal cavity for coculturing with tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and flow cytometry analysis. Key Findings. We found that fibrosis and kidney function loss after IRI were significantly alleviated in Mac IKKα-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The expression of fibrosis markers and the infiltration of M2 macrophages were decreased in the kidneys of Mac IKKα-/- mice after IRI. The in vitro experiment showed that the IRI TECs cocultured with IKKα-/- macrophages (KO MΦs) downregulated the fibrosis markers accompanied by a downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Significance. These data support the hypothesis that IKKα is involved in mediating macrophage polarization and increasing the expression of fibrosis-promoting inflammatory factors in macrophages. Therefore, knockdown of IKKα in macrophages may be a potential method that can be used to alleviate the AKI-to-CKD transition after IRI.
Receding horizon collision avoidance for large excavators

This paper develops a receding horizon control based methodology as an operator support tool for large mining excavators. The system alters the operator command when necessary to avoid collisions, e.g. with trucks being loaded. We describe key aspects of the problem that must be mapped to the receding horizon framework to implement the technology. Specifically, a level-of-detail based approach is presented to map the object avoidance conditions into constraints on the state in a space conducive to control. The approach accounts for the non-predictive nature of the operator command. The efficacy of the resulting methodology is demonstrated in simulation.
Setup-oriented dispatching rules – a survey

This paper provides a survey of dispatching rules that explicitly take into account setup times in their decision making. Rules are classified into the categories of purely setup-oriented, composite and family-based rules, and the most promising rules from the three categories are identified from the literature. These rules are then compared empirically on various job shop problems with sequence-dependent setup times for their performance regarding mean setup time, mean flow time, mean tardiness and proportion of tardy jobs. The setup times are modelled using setup time matrices, and five different types of matrices are applied to assess the influence of this factor on the relative performance of a setup-oriented dispatching rule. Experimental results indicate that the choice of the best rule is often dependent on the setup time matrix structure. While good family-based rules exist for reducing the mean setup time and mean flow time, they are clearly outperformed by effective composite rules for due date-related criteria. Moreover, the better rules all seem to rely on queue information rather than only job attributes.
Development of a Cost Effective Power Generation System: An Overview

This paper presents an overview on development of cost effective power generation system and motivates for development of a model for hybrid system with wind to investigate the combined operation of wind with different sources to cater to wind’s stochastic nature for imbalance minimization and optimal operation. Development of model for trading power in competitive electricity market and development of strategies for trading in electricity markets (wind energy and reserves markets) to investigate the effects of real time pricing tariffs on electricity market operation has been illustrated in this paper. Dynamic modelling related studies to investigate the wind generator’s kinetic energy for primary frequency support using simulink and simulation studies on doubly fed induction generator to study its capability during small disturbances / fluctuations on power system have been described.
Youth participation in evaluation

This study reports on the evaluation of two Australian educational initiatives that involved a high degree of youth participation in the evaluation process. Both evaluations involved capturing youth perspectives through photographic portfolios as one of the data collection methods, in order to portray young people's understandings of the relationship between leadership and the potential to create change in their communities. The article describes two initiatives: r.u. MAD? , a youth philanthropic program, and the Glenormiston Leadership Pilot Program for Year 9 students, and provides a brief overview of the evaluation findings in relation to each initiative. The main findings of the r.u. MAD? evaluation were that students and their teachers believed that the r.u. MAD framework had enabled them to make significant differences in their school environments or local communities and that links with local communities were strengthened. Students also reported that their experiences in r.u. MAD? projects had given them increased organisational and leadership skills. The main findings of the evaluation of the Glenormiston Leadership Pilot Program were that the rural setting and proximity to the sea provided a rich site for leadership program for Year 9 students, particularly those who had grown up in Melbourne. The evaluation also found that the program model was effective in terms of developing skills in leadership and independent learning. The article also explores some of the issues and challenges that surround youth participation in the evaluation of educational programs that have a strong leadership and empowerment focus. In addition, some comments are made about the use of photographs as an evaluation strategy.
A Stochastic Packet Forwarding Algorithm in Flying Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Analysis, and Evaluation

Over the past decade, unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs; widely known as drones) are quickly being deployed in various civilian as well as military applications. Drones can self-organize into a connected swarm (Flying Ad Hoc Networks– FANETs) to complete various challenging missions. As the primary building block of Internet-of-Drones (IoD), FANETs have an important role to play in governing the autonomous movement of drones and supporting drone-to-everything (D2X) communications. However, factors such as flying characteristics and the highly dynamic topology of FANETs compound the challenges of packet forwarding; thus, the focus of this article. Specifically, a stochastic packet forwarding algorithm (hereafter referred to as <italic>SPA</italic>) is proposed for FANETs, where the data packets can be efficiently transferred to the destination. In <italic>SPA</italic>, the packet sender evaluates each next hop forwarding candidate drone based on different network metrics, prior to selecting the next hop forwarding drone according to the forwarding probability. In addition, an analytical model is developed to evaluate the performance of <italic>SPA</italic>. Then, the link expiration time and link throughput are chosen as network metrics for network simulation experiments, where <italic>SPA</italic> is evaluated and compared with prior schemes (e.g, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$DTN_{geo}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>GeoUAVs</italic>). The performance of <italic>SPA</italic> is evaluated in a real-world testbed to complement the network simulation experiments. Findings from the evaluations demonstrate that <italic>SPA</italic> obtains better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet delivery latency, the number of delivered data packets, average link lifetime, and bit error rate.
Attenuation measurement of very low loss dielectric waveguides by the cavity resonator method applicable in the millimeter/submillimeter wavelength range

A dielectric waveguide shorted at both ends was constructed as a cavity resonator. By measuring the Q of this cavity, one can determine the attenuation constant of this guided mode on this dielectric structure. The complex permittivity of the dielectric waveguide material can also be derived from the measurements. Measurements were made at Ka-band for dielectric waveguides constructed of nonpolar, low-loss polymers, such as Teflon, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and rexolite. >
Proactive Identification of Optimal Operating Points in Photovoltaic Power Systems

We can use specific control algorithms for generating the maximum possible power in photovoltaic power systems. Several methods to determine the optimum working point have been introduced in recent decades. In Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods, the ideal operation is to determine the maximum power point (MPP) of the photovoltaic (PV) array directly rather than track it by using the active operation of trial and error, which causes undesirable oscillation around the MPP. Since the output characteristics of a PV cell with environmental changes such as radiation and temperature levels can change from moment to moment, Therefore, in order to identify the optimum operating point tracking of PV power systems are used in real time. In this paper, several methods are introduced to identify the optimum operating point and because of measurement power is usually associated with noise, Kalman filter and the position error are used to estimate the optimum operating point.