Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the influence of an external dynamic force on the mixing of non-isothermal flows in the reactor plant

Today one of the main problems to be solved is increasing the safety of nuclear power plants (NPP). Possible shortcomings of the reactor plant (RP) can be identified by creating full-scale or large-scale prototype models for testing. There is an urgent need to create models for a more detailed study of some complex processes (flow mixing, heat and mass transfer and flow mixing under the action of dynamic forces). For example, the negative impact of these processes on the switchgear makes it difficult to ensure the natural circulation of the coolant (NCC) in all modes of operation, which could significantly increase the switchgear safety. At modern NPP this condition is not achieved either and the problem is solved by large safety factors. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the influence of external dynamic forces (EDF) on the processes of mixing of non-isothermal flows in the simulator of the core, applied to the research stand «Single-loop RP model». For the research stand we have designed a swinging platform simulating EDF. The main method for obtaining experimental data is direct layer-by-layer temperature sensing. We have also constructed a simple one-dimensional mathematical model describing these processes, based on Newton's Second Law. The adequacy of model selection has been confirmed experimentally. We have plotted graphs of temperature fronts for the experimental model and made a graphic representation of the coolant temperature field at the model entrance / exit for the dynamic mode. A mathematical equation has been obtained for describing the effect of EDF on the length of the Prandtl mixing path for the one-dimensional approximation. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we can conclude that the external dynamic force has a negative effect on the mixing of non-isothermal flows. They change the length of the mixing path in comparison with the stationary mode by an average of 5–10 %, which, when transferred to a real NPP, can significantly affect the NCC and will need to be taken into account in the form of correction factors at the design stage.
The impact of parameter changes of a detached breakwater on coastal morphodynamic at cohesive shore: A simulation

Coastal defence structures such as detached breakwaters have been used alternatively to reduce the coastal erosion problems in the world. Behind their efficiency, detached breakwater causes complex changes to the coastal hydro-morphologies because of variation in the sediment type, climate condition and design of the structures. This study aims to evaluate the impact of parameter changes of a detached breakwater on coastal morphologic changes. Three model cases of detached breakwater with different lengths and positions have been set up. MIKE 21 Mud Transport model interrelated with MIKE 21 Hydrodynamic model was performed to simulate the deposition-erosion patterns in the locality of detached breakwater for different lengths and positions of the breakwater. The results show that the detached breakwater with available empty gap gives lowest negative impact to the cohesive coastal areas with considerable reduction of the erosion problems.
Selective ion separation by capacitive deionization (CDI) based technologies: a state-of-the-art review

Selective ion extraction from aqueous solution is of great significance for water purification as well as resource recovery. Capacitive deionization (CDI), as an emerging desalination technology, has been introduced to selectively remove target ionic contaminants in the past few years. Due to its tailorable electrode material and interface and flexible operation, CDI exhibits great superiority in regulating the ion electrosorption process thus realizing considerable selective adsorption of target contaminants. In this paper, we report an overview of the current status of selective ion adsorption in CDI systems. The mechanism of selectivity is mainly illustrated through regulating ion migration on the electrode interface or adsorption in the bulk electrode. The applied materials and strategies include (pseudo) capacitive materials, interface membranes/coatings, faradaic reactions and operation optimization. This review also discusses the prospects of selective CDI including its performance evaluation, purposes, application scope, challenges, etc., which help to inform future researchers in terms of addressing knowledge gaps in developing and applying selective CDI systems.
Effects of prior knowledge on the generation advantage: Calculators versus calculation to learn simple multiplication.

Elementary school children learned simple multiplication by generating (i.e., computing the answers) or reading (i.e., reading the answers from a calculator display). The children were given a pretest, read or generate training, a posttest, and a retention test after 2 weeks. Read training involved approximately half as much training time compared with generate training and was moderately effective. In terms of accuracy, generate training effectiveness depended on children's prior knowledge of multiplication. It was highly effective for low-knowledge children and ineffective for high-knowledge children. In terms of test time, read children showed a loss in efficiency after the 2-week delay compared with the generate children who showed no loss. The results are explained in terms of a procedural account of the generation advantage, and instructional applications are discussed
Directionality of physical and psychological dating violence among adolescents in Recife, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the physical and psychological dating violence among adolescents with respect to the profiles of directionality - only man perpetrates, only woman perpetrates, and bidirectional, ie, both perpetrate violence. METHODS Sample was performed by two-stage cluster selection in public and private school in the city of Recife (PE), Brazil, presenting data on 355 adolescents of both sexes between 15 and 19 years old. Psychological violence was measured in dimensions threat, verbal/emotional, and relational. Statistical analyzes incorporated the sampling weight and the complex sample design. RESULTS Violence is bidirectional in most forms studied (83.9%) and girls reported higher levels of perpetration of physical violence, and boys reported more perpetration of relational violence. CONCLUSION It was concluded that adolescent dating violence shows a pattern where partners attack each other, both physically and psychologically. Future research should study the patterns of these acts of violence, keeping the adolescent couple as the unit of analysis and exploring the context in which such violence occurs.
Simulation-Based Approach for Probing Rheology-Processing-Structure Relationships in Foam Blow Molding

Abstract The broad objective of this work was to demonstrate a modelling and simulation framework for foam blow molding using commercially available simulation software. The simulation framework would have to account for the initial morphology of the foam, the relationship between the morphology and the rheological and deformation characteristics of the foam at high temperatures and high strains that are typically encountered during blow molding, and correlate the strains developed during blow molding to the morphological aspects in the resulting blow molded part. These aspects are addressed in this paper using simulations of uniaxial tensile deformation of a virtual representative volume element of a foam microstructure (rendered in DIGIMAT-FE) to derive the nonlinear tensile response of the foam at high temperatures (using ABAQUS). The resulting simulated stress-strain curve is employed to parameterize a nonlinear rheological constitutive equation. These parameters are then employed for the homogenized representation of the foam in the blow molding simulation carried out in B-SIM, a commercially available simulation software for blow molding. The regions where the simulated parison has undergone primarily uniaxial elongation are then mapped back to the expected local foam morphology using the transfer functions derived from the RVE simulations. These steps result in a preliminary and simple demonstration of the simulation framework, and offer a template that can be detailed further with experimental rheological information on actual foamed parisons, and more detailed post-processing algorithms to correlate multiaxial elongations with microstructure.
Impact characteristics and stagnation formation on a solid surface by a supersonic abrasive waterjet

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of the impact characteristics and stagnation formation on a solid target surface by an abrasive waterjet at supersonic velocities is presented to understand the impact process. A CFD model is developed and verified by experimental water and particle velocities and then used to simulate the jet impact process. The trends of the stagnation formation and its effect on the jet flow with respect to the jetting and impacting parameters are amply discussed. It is found that stagnation formation at the impact site increases with an increase in the impact time, nozzle standoff distance and nozzle diameter, while the initial peak velocity at the nozzle exit has little effect on the size of the stagnation zone. It is shown that stagnation markedly changes the water and particle flow direction, so that the particle impact angle is varied and the jet impact area is enlarged. The jet structure may be classified to have a free jet flow region, a jet deflection region with a stagnation zone and a wall jet region. Furthermore, the stagnation affects significantly the waterjet and particle energy transferred to the target surface. The average particle velocity across the jet is reduced by approximately one third due to the damping effect of the stagnation under the conditions considered in this study.
Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Exercise in the Elderly According to Hand Grip Strength

Background: The prevalence of chronic disease is increased by sarcopenia, which is change in body composition induced by aging resulting in loss of muscle mass and increase in fat mass. The purpose of this study was to identify any difference between dietary habits, patterns of snacking, and exercise between elderly subjects with normal and abnormal hand grip strength. Methods: A cross sectional study of 135 elderly members from a senior welfare center was carried out and data were collected through interviews by using a structured questionnaire which included factors such as education level, BMI, dietary habit, pattern of snacking, and exercise associated with hand grip strength. The subjects were classified into abnormal and normal groups based on hand grip strength. Results: The results showed significant differences in education level, age, and BMI among the two groups. Subjects among the normal hand grip strength group showed greater frequency in food intake and snacking than in the abnormal group. They also showed, although not statistically significant, higher intake of food and snacks containing calcium, vitamin D-rich dairy, legumes, and eggs while they scored lower in resistance exercise. Conclusion: The results indicate that in order to increase muscle strength in the elderly, it is necessary to prevent being underweight by proper dietary habit, and exercise.
Effects of Short-Term Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Induced Cellular Damage in Male Wrestlers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of short-term creatine (Cr) supplementation and a resistance exercise training session on changes in total serum cellular damage indices - creatine kinase (CK) & lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in male wrestlers. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental, randomized and double-blind design, 18 collegiate male wrestlers were equally divided into supplement and placebo groups. After six consecutive days of supplementation (0.3 gkgday−1) Cr or dextrose), all subjects participated in a single-session circuit resistance exercise protocol (with 80% 1-RM in 3 sets with 6 repetition) consisting of six stations. Changes in cellular damage indices were determined in three stages (before and after the supplement stage, and 24 hours after the exercise protocol). The normal data were expressed as mean (±SD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni and independent t test at α≤0.05. Results: The results show that the creatine loading has only significant effect on the basal total serum CK (P<0.05). Moreover, the total serum CK and LDH in both groups (supplement & placebo) were significantly increased 24 hours after the resistance exercise (P<0.05). However, the change range of the cellular damage indices 24 hours in supplement group was insignificantly lower than in placebo group (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant effect of creatine on the indicators of cellular damage in male wrestlers 24 hours after resistance exercise. More research seems warranted regarding the role of creatine supplementation in attenuating induced-cellular damage.
IN SILICO POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF X6D MODEL OF PEPTIDE SURFACTANT FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

Peptides and their derivatives can be applied in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their ability to form an emulsion with hydrophobic molecules. However, peptide research for EOR application, either theoretical or computational studies, is still limited. The purpose of this research is to analyse the potency of the X6D model of surfactant peptide for EOR by molecular dynamics simulations in oil-water interface. Molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS Software with Martini force field can assess a peptides ability for self-assembly and emulsification on a microscopic scale. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with coarse grained models will give information about the dynamics of peptide molecules in oil-water interface and the calculation of interfacial tension value. Four designs of X6D model: F6D, L6D, V6D, and I6D are simulated on the oil-water interface. The value of interfacial tension from simulation show the trend of F6D L6D I6D V6D. The results indicate that V6D has the greatest reduction in interfacial tension and has the stability until 90C with the salinity of at least 1M NaCl.
Entrepreneurial causation and effectuation logics in a regional context: Assessing the importance of population density

ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to assess whether an entrepreneurial causation or effectuation logic is a function of geographical location in densely populated economic regions versus sparsely populated economic regions. A causation logic implies that the entrepreneur primarily focuses on a predefined goal and further aims to identify the means to reach that goal. By contrast, an effectuation logic implies that the entrepreneur to a larger extent focuses on the means at hand, which she or he aims at materialising into one or more goals that are not necessarily predefined. The empirical data for the study are based on an investigation and evaluation of Norwegian entrepreneurs in business incubation that are located in many different economic regions of the country. Multilevel regression analyses showed that geographical location in sparsely populated economic regions is associated with a causation logic, whereas a location in densely populated economic regions is associated with an effectuation logic. An implication of the article is that entrepreneurial stakeholders, such as policymakers, incubator managers, public and private partners, and entrepreneurs themselves should be aware of differences in causation and effectuation logics between entrepreneurs located in densely versus sparsely populated economic regions.
Equifinality and preservation potential of complex eskers

Eskers are useful for reconstructing meltwater drainage systems of glaciers and ice sheets. However, our process understanding of eskers suffers from a disconnect between sporadic detailed morpho‐sedimentary investigations of abundant large‐scale ancient esker systems, and a small number of modern analogues where esker formation has been observed. This paper presents the results of detailed field and high‐resolution remote sensing studies into two esker systems that have recently emerged at Hørbyebreen, Svalbard, and one at Breiðamerkurjökull, Iceland. Despite the different glaciological settings (polythermal valley glacier vs. active temperate piedmont lobe), in all cases a distinctive planform morphology has developed, where ridges are orientated in two dominant directions corresponding to the direction of ice flow and the shape of the ice margin. These two orientations in combination form a cross‐cutting and locally rectilinear pattern. One set of ridges at Hørbyebreen is a hybrid of eskers and geometric ridges formed during a surge and/or jökulhlaup event. The other sets of ridges are eskers formed time‐transgressively at a retreating ice margin. The similar morphology of esker complexes formed in different ways on both glacier forelands implies equifinality, meaning that care should be taken when interpreting Quaternary esker patterns. The eskers at Hørbyebreen contain substantial ice‐cores with a high ice:sediment ratio, suggesting that they would be unlikely to survive after ice melt. The Breiðamerkurjökull eskers emerged from terrain characterized by buried ice that has melted out. Our observations lead us to conclude that eskers may reflect a wide range of processes at dynamic ice margins, including significant paraglacial adjustments. This work, as well as previous studies, confirms that constraints on esker morphology include: topographic setting (e.g. confined valley or broad plain); sediment and meltwater availability (including surges and jökulhlaups); position of formation (supraglacial, englacial or subglacial); and ice‐marginal dynamics such as channel abandonment, the formation of outwash heads or the burial and/or exhumation of dead ice.
Protected Area Performance in the Dry Forests and Savannahs of West Africa: a Study using L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

Tropical ecosystems harbour the highest concentrations of biodiversity on Earth and play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle, yet deforestation and degradation continue unabated in many regions, with net forest loss at 5.5 million ha yr between 2010 and 2015. Protected areas offer a partial solution to this problem, with a growing body of evidence demonstrating their effectiveness for habitat conservation in the dense forests of Amazonia, Central Africa and Southeast Asia. Despite containing over a quarter of global biodiversity hotspots and being low density but significant carbon stores, tropical drylands have received far less attention in conservation terms, and research into protected areas in these ecosystems is far more limited. The overall effectiveness of protected areas in different dryland regions, and the factors influencing performance, are less understood. By measuring protected area performance as a function of aboveground biomass change, this study investigated the effectiveness of protected areas in the savannah belt of Nigeria, a country with a long history of environmental degradation. L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a form of remote sensing that penetrates the vegetation canopy, provided a means of consistently monitoring aboveground biomass change over time. Twenty-one areas, ranging in size from 117,000 ha to 608,410 ha, and offering varying levels of protection according to IUCN designations, were selected, with aboveground biomass changes between 2007 and 2017 determined by subjecting L-band SAR data to a novel approach called ‘Biomass Matching’. The combination of SAR and Biomass Matching allowed aboveground biomass changes within these protected areas to be detected and estimated without the need for supplementary field data, which is usually required to calibrate such remote sensing data. All but four protected areas experienced increases in aboveground biomass over the study period, with mean change being +1.22 Mg ha, compared to +0.26 Mg ha for a set of twelve similar unprotected areas. Furthermore, their performance was affected by an array of factors, though accessibility and management efficacy were deemed the most influential. These results suggest that, with appropriate monitoring and resourcing, protected areas in Nigerian dry forests and savannahs can provide effective habitat conservation, though more inaccessible areas will inherently perform better.
Spiritual Care Experiences of Iranian Nursing Students: A Descriptive, Exploratory Study

Little is known about spiritual care experiences of Iranian nursing students. This qualitative study aimed to provide greater insight into how nursing students experience spiritual care. Using a descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach, researchers concurrently collected and thematically analyzed data from interviewing 18 Iranian nursing students (BS course) enrolled at the Universities of Iran. A semistructured interview with each student provided data on their spiritual care experiences. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis techniques. Thematic categories were constructed based on religious beliefs, nursing spiritual care, and the cultural aspects of spiritual care. The results of this study demonstrated that nursing students in Iran had experiences related to spiritual care, and there were cultural barriers prohibiting their actions, which resulted in trying to hide some spiritual interventions from others or addressing spiritual needs or not. Students wanted to recognize their patients’ spiritual needs, but providing such care was difficult.
A multi-model ensemble approach for the assessment of climatic and anthropogenic impacts on river flow change

ABSTRACT Climate variability and human activities are considered to be the most likely reasons for negative trends in river inflow and the water level of some lakes and wetlands in the world. To quantify the uncertain impacts of climate variations and anthropogenic activities on Ajichay River flow in Iran, a multi-model ensemble approach based on the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method is applied. Several statistical and simulation-based methods are used to distinguish the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic factors on river flow. The results show that almost all the methods identified human activities as the dominant impact on streamflow (about 73–85% of the change). The between-model and within-model uncertainty analyses using BMA showed that the 95% uncertainty intervals of the individual approaches have relatively large deviation ranges. The BMA mean prediction could reduce the range of between-model uncertainties to 14–27% for climate impacts and 74–80% for human impacts. This approach provides a way to better understand the contributions of climatic and anthropogenic impacts on river flow change.
Trends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Resistance: Case Study from a Portuguese Central Hospital

Aims: P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide, greatly limiting therapeutic options, and is mainly associated to nosocomial infections, relating to high morbidity and mortality outcomes. Frequently updated regional guidelines, supported in statistically valid longitudinal information, are mandatory. Methodology: Resistance to 11 antibiotics used to treat P. aeruginosa infections were surveyed in clinical isolates from a Portuguese central during 10 years (n=3778) using the MicroScan WalkAway system. Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney tests and regression modeling) were used to determine its time evolution according to origin, specimen samples and hospital wards. Data Article