Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Between Primary School Students’ Unhealthful Behaviors and Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Urban Kenya

Introduction : Although obesity prevalence is known to be rising in East Africa, research on childhood obesity is still minimal. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of unhealthful dietary patterns, physical activity and sleep behaviors among primary school children in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between the behaviors and overweight/obesity among the children. Methods Six public schools, with children from low-, medium- and high-income households in Nairobi and Kisumu cities were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was collected on randomly-selected students aged 10–12 years at each school. Students’ weights, heights, waist circumferences, and tricep, bicep, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were measured. Body-mass-index-for-age z-scores were used to classify students into underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese categories. Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. Parents, with the help of their children, completed questionnaires on student’s dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviors. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were available for 390 students. We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between socio-economic/demographic characteristics, unhealthful behaviors and overweight/obesity. Results Overall, 21% of the students were overweight or obese and 9% of them had abdominal obesity. Median total skinfold measurements was 32.5 mm. Prevalence of unhealthful behaviors varied significantly by student’s age, gender, school income levels, city, and frequency of consumption of restaurant foods. Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. Students with high frequency of consumption of red/processed meats had 1.50 times the risk of being overweight/obesity compared to students with less-frequent consumption. Conclusion We found a rather high prevalence of unhealthful dietary behaviors among primary school students in Kenya, identified their determinants, and the association between specific behaviors and overweight/obesity. These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa.
Damage identification in steel plate using FRF and inverse analysis

Metaheuristic algorithms have known vast development in recent years. And their applicability in engineering projects is constantly growing; however, their deferent exploration and exploitation techniques cause the engineering problems to favor some algorithms over others. This paper studies damage identification in steel plates using Frequency Response Function (FRF) damage indicator to detect and localize the healthy and damaged structure. The study is formulated as an inverse analysis, investigating the performance of three new metaheuristic algorithms of Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO), Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA). The objective function is based on measured and calculated FRF damage indicators. The results showed that the case of four damages with different damage severity levels presented a good challenge where the HWO algorithm was shown to have the best performance. Both in convergence speed and CPU time.
Review paper of Solar Powered UAV

As all the technology giants these days are battling to extend their influence and to find new users in all the corners of the world not only on land but also expanding beyond sky. Withthe solar-powered drones that will beam broadband Internet access to the entire developing regions whichhouses many newly growing web users across untouched areas on which these companies want desperately want to get their hands on.What these future satellite-style drones are able to do with help of modern technologies is pretty amazing, these types of drones will on only be effective in commercial but also plays a major role in defence of a country. The primary function of these commercial drones will be to send Internet to the places with a speed of 1gigabit per second, that's pretty amazing, which overcomesthe speed of fiber-delivered Internetand outranks many developed countries in internet speed. They are used to take high-quality images in real-time which we can do by maps initiatives. They can contribute to things like relief in disaster and indicating in pollution effected areas, holes in ozone, deforestation. They can also be used in military for various purposes in battlefield.
Higher Dimensional Bianchi Type-III String Cosmological Models in Lyra Geometry

Here we studied Bianchi type-III string cosmological models generated by means of a cloud of strings with particles connected to them in the framework of Lyra geometry considering five-dimensional space-time. To obtain the exact solutions of field equations we consider that the shear scalar and the scalar expansion are proportional, σ∞θ which leads to D=cn and secondly we adopt the assumption considering the Reddy String Condition, ρ+λ=0. From the two different cases obtained here, first case leads to the Bianchi type-III string cosmological model in Lyra geometry in five-dimensional space-time and the second case leads to the five-dimensional vacuum universe in general relativity. The Geometrical and physical properties of the model universe are studied comparing with the present day’s observational findings. The model universe obtained here starts with the big bang and as time progresses both particle density ρp and energy density ρ decreases with expansion of our Universe.
A tapered small‐size EBG microstrip bandstop filter design with triple EBG structures

A novel tapered small‐size electromagnetic band‐gap (S‐EBG) microstrip filter structure is proposed and implemented. This structure is comprised of a main 1D microstrip EBG structure and two auxiliary EBG structures arranged in a compact configuration and Chebyshev distribution is adopted to eliminate ripples in the passband. It exhibits an ultrawide stopband with high attenuation and excellent transmission in the passband, yet the circuit area remains small. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 154–158, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20929
Effect of Poroelastic Coupling and Fracture Dynamics on Solute Transport and Geomechanical Stability

The coupling between solute transport and rock's geomechanical processes, for example, flow‐induced fracture activation, has emerged as an important hydrogeological challenge due to its role in applications such as underground waste disposal, carbon sequestration, contaminant remediation, enhanced oil recovery, and tracer‐based reservoir surveillance. Despite recent advances in modeling flow and geomechanics coupling, a holistic approach to capturing the synergy between fluid flow, solute transport, induced stresses, and fracture mechanics is lacking. This study investigates the rich interplay between these processes within a novel computational framework that is proposed to solve the coupled flow, transport, geomechanics, and fracture mechanics problem. The Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling (EDFM) method is used to model the flow and transport processes in fractured porous media while an improved Bandis model is employed to capture the fracture mechanical response to flow‐induced stress perturbations. The role of transport‐geomechanics coupling in modulating the spreading and miscibility of a solute slug during viscously unstable flows is examined. We investigate how flow‐transport coupling, parameterized through the solute viscosity contrast and the fracture permeability, influences the stress state and fracture stability in the domain. A case study, inspired by a huff‐n‐puff tracer flowback study, is conducted to investigate the applicability of the proposed framework in the field. A sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the dependence of global transport characteristics, permeability evolution, and fracture stability on parameters dictating the strength of coupling between geomechanics, flow, and transport.
Haptic Interface For UAV Collision Avoidance

In the tele-operation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the operator is physically separated from the vehicle. The degradation of the multiple-sensory information that is normally available often results in control difficulties and a lack of situation awareness. Extending the visual interface to a multi-sensory interface could allow the tele-operator to better perceive and integrate the information about the environment and its constraints. The use of force feedback through a haptic control device allows the operator to perceive information of the environment through the sense of touch. This would complement the visual information and is hypothesized to increase situation awareness, especially in situations where visual information is insufficient. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a novel virtual force field that maps environment constraints to virtual forces on a control stick. The force field was designed in such a way that its size and shape, hence the field sensitivity, could be determined through adjustments of its parameters. An experimental evaluation was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the haptic interface. Results show that the haptic interface reduces the amount of collisions considerably, contributing to a higher level of safety when a complex task needs to be performed with limited visual information. Operator workload and control activity, however, slightly increased with the haptic interface.
The Role of Instructional Materials in Learning Geography among Secondary Schools in Busega District, Tanzania

: The purpose of the study was to establish the role of Instructional Materials in the Learning of Geography Subject in Secondary Schools of Busega District. The study adopted the mixed research approach under which convergent parallel design was used. The study involved 23 secondary schools in Busega District whereby four secondary schools were purposively sampled to participate in the study because the schools had exhibited a severe declining performance trend in Geography at the National examinations for last five years. The study used purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques to select 1 DEO, 4 Heads of Schools, 4 Heads of Geography Department, 8 Geography Teachers and 80 students to participate in the study. Questionnaires and interview guides were used for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of the SPSS software while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study concluded that the use of learning materials in geography contributed to enhanced creativity and innovativeness in learners. Learning materials further assisted learners to comprehend difficult topics in Geography. It also made learning very interesting and this motivated learners to fully participate in the learning process. The study recommended that the use of instructional material should be emphasized in public secondary schools as they played a key role in enhancing productive learning of geography.
Modified space vector modulation for fault-tolerant operation of multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverters

In this study, fault-tolerant operation of multilevel cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters is presented and a novel switching strategy based on space vector modulation is proposed. A faulty power switch in high power converters can lead to expensive downtime, loss of productivity and increased costs. Various power switch faults and their influence on space vector diagram of CHB inverters are investigated. In the event of a fault, the output voltage of inverter is reduced and redundant switching states are used to generate balanced line-to-line voltages. By adding some devices to the basic structure, CHB inverter will operate with maximum achievable output voltage. Simulation and experimental results are shown for a five-level CHB inverter to validate the proposed modulation technique.
The role of public associations in the implementation of out-of-school education

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the role of public associations in the implementation of out-of-school education. The system of out-of-school education is characterized by the purposeful functioning of teaching, upbringing, development and socialization of the individual in his free time, with its special structures, connections and relationships between elements. Out-of-school education is a systemic object both in its content and in its procedural aspects. The semantic components of out-of-school education are culture, society, nature, people. The procedural components of out-of-school education include the family, educational institutions, libraries, clubs, children's, student and organizations, societies, and the media. As a result, the role of public associations in the implementation of out-of-school education was determined.
An Evolutionary Algorithm Approach to Multi-Pass ERL Optics Design

An Energy Recovery Experiment at CEBAF (ER@CEBAF) is aimed at demonstrating high energy, low current, multi-pass energy recovery at the existing 12 GeV CEBAF accelerator. The beam break-up instability, limiting the maximum beam current, can be controlled through minimizing beta functions for the lowest energy pass, which gives a preference to strongly focusing optics, e.g. a semi-periodic FODO lattice. On the other hand, one needs to limit beta function excursions, caused by under focusing, at the higher energy passes, which in turn favors weakly focusing linac optics. Balancing both effects is the main objective of the proposed multi-pass linac optics optimization. Here, we discuss an optics design process for ER@CEBAF transverse optics using evolutionary algorithms.
A Fréchet derivative‐based novel approach to option pricing models in illiquid markets

Nonlinear option pricing models have been increasingly concerning in financial industries since they build more accurate values by regarding more realistic assumptions such as transaction cost, market liquidity, or uncertain volatility. This study defines a nonclassical numerical method to effectively capture the behavior of the nonlinear option pricing model in illiquid markets where the implementation of a dynamic hedging strategy affects the price of the underlying asset. Unlike the conventional numerical approaches, this study describes a numerical scheme based on the Newton iteration technique and the Fréchet derivative for linearization of the model. The linearized time‐dependent PDE is then discretized by a sixth‐order finite difference scheme in space and a second‐order trapezoidal rule in time. The computations revealed that the current approach appears to be somewhat more effective to some extent and at the same time economical for illustrative examples compared to the existing competitors. In addition, this method helps to prevent considering the convergence issues of the Newton approach applied to the nonlinear algebraic system.
Vocal to local: indigenous dietary practices and diversity of wild food plants in Malai Mahadeswara wildlife sanctuary, South India

Background: The voice of the indigenous food system on locally available wild food plants and consumption is an important strategy to sustain interrelated food problems of malnutrition and disease. Methods: The study assessed the importance of wild food plant use among the forest-dwelling communities. Community perceptions were used to assess the patterns of use and interrelations of human well-being. Data was collected through a combination of semi-structured interviews, household surveys, and focus group discussions in eight villages. Local communities use wild plant species as food, therapeutic practices, and as a symbol of ethnic identity. Results: The taxonomical distribution and diversity of 126 species belonging to 94 genera and 58 families have been assessed. About 83% of wild leaves as greens fall in the category of weeds. There were 15 species WFPs that have been shared with neighbours in the village, close relatives, or friends. More than 28 species of leafy vegetables are used by 80% of households for more than 20 days a year. The local communities also use 120 wild edible herbs and root species in ethno-medicine. Boerhavia diffusa, Acacia farnesiana, and Alternanthera sissilis have been used frequently as vegetables, they were reported to reduce blood pressure, increase iron in the blood, and improve eyesight. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the dependency on the local food source and its livelihood importance. The study would help to evaluate the potential of WFPs use as future food in indigenous dietary systems and therapeutic practices.
Political power and awareness of nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the views of senior nursing students

Abstract Studying the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the current nursing workforce and the training of future nurses is important. This study aimed to assess the views of senior nursing students pursuing health policy courses on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the political power and awareness of nursing profession. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative enhancement patterns, was employed in this study. This study was conducted in a nursing school with a sample comprising 34 nursing students. The data were collected from online homework documents and evaluated with thematic analysis. Students on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the nursing profession were categorized into three main themes and nine subthemes. Students reported that although the visibility of nursing increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the problems of this profession did not change. The results showed that depoliticization was an important obstacle in the fight against these problems and students stated that the struggle could be realized together with a unified and strong political voice. Students suggested being organized in the struggle against problems, addressing unions and associations, and political awareness and political participation as a remedy.
Materiality of conflict of interest in informed consent to medical treatment in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT The UK Supreme Court ruling of Montgomery v Lanarkshire clarified that in obtaining informed consent to treatment, practitioners are under a duty to inform patients of material risks. Traditionally such risk has pertained to the clinical risks inherent to treatment. In examining empirical and judicial evidence, this paper makes the case for disclosure of potent financial interests; with potency relating to those interests likely to have greatest influence over practice. The paper explores how financial interests may detrimentally influence practice patterns and how non-disclosure of such interests may be linked to the erosion of patient trust and subsequent disinclination to consent to treatment. Judicial notions of material risk are explored, and the conclusion reached that they offer a broader interpretation of disclosable risk compared to current UK GMC guidance. It is anticipated that empirical evidence could be used by the courts in determining questions of both materiality and causation in cases of negligent non-disclosure of potent financial interests. The paper concludes that there is sufficient reason to surmise that a test case could successfully apply the principles identified therein to establish the materiality of conflict of interest in informed consent to medical treatment.
Effect of Preliminary Irradiation of 321 Steel Substrates with High-Intense Pulsed Ion Beams on Scratch Test Results of Subsequently Deposited AlN Coatings

The paper presents the effect of irradiation of 321 steel substrates with a high-intense pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) on changes in functional properties of the surface layers and tribological characteristics of AlN coatings subsequently deposited above by the reactive magnetron sputtering method. The morphology of the modified surface layers, their microhardness and free surface energy levels are presented for different HIPIB energy densities. HIPIB irradiation of the substrates caused variations in the results of scratch tests combined with the acoustic emission signal processing. Their analysis has enabled concluding that the crack initiation threshold could be at least doubled for the studied coating/substrate system due to preliminary HIPIB irradiation. Finally, the obtained data were discussed, and future research directions were proposed.
Semiactive vibration reduction of operator's seat with the use of controlled magnetorheological damper

Low speeds of mobile heavy machines makes that the force derived from rough roads cause intense excitation of low frequency vibration, the reduction of which is possible only by active or semi active methods. In conditions of low frequency, the energy dissipation in the tire reduces the vibration intensity in a minor degree only magnetorheological dampers are free from this defect, which they properties changing under influence an electric field functioning on ferromagnetic particles of oil suspension. A controlling coil current, which is mounted in the damper piston, could control density of magnetic field lines (magnetic field intensity) directly in viscous hole of piston, and hence viscous drag force. Electric energy needed to control magnetorheological damper is generally available in each of mobile heavy machines. Simulation tests were performed to investigate effectiveness and stability of the proposed solution and the results were deemed satisfactory. The system was found to be feasible and implementable with respect to every parameter. The purpose of this study was to develop a simulation model of the semi active suspensions of operator’s seat based on magnetorheological damper, and to examine the effectiveness of using different control strategies.
Disentangled and controllable sketch creation based on disentangling the structure and color enhancement

Existing sketch-based image processing methods include sketch recognition, sketch synthesis and sketch-based image retrieval. For sketch creation, a meaningful task is proposed namely disentangled and controllable sketch creation (DCSC) based on disentan-gling the structure and color enhancement. Speciﬁcally, as the ﬁrst subtask, sketch structure enhancement (SSE) is used to enhance a non-professional sketch (NPS) and obtain a professional sketch (PS), which is a process denoted as NPS2PS. A data set named SketchMan is ﬁrst provided, consisting of NPSs and PSs with various postures in different scenes. SSE is trained as a conditional image-to-image translation problem, and there are three models: direct sketch-to-sketch (SS), grayscale guided SS and contour guided SS. Multiple IOU metrics are proposed based on Corner Point Map (CPM), Straight Line Map (SLM) and Segmented Area Map (SAM). As the second subtask, sketch color enhancement (SCE) is trained as a two-stage framework containing a topology enhancement network (TE-Net) that maps a sketch to the corresponding grayscale domain and a color injection network (CI-Net) that injects the global color feature to the AdaIN residual blocks to perform adaptive sketch colorization. The TE-Net and CI-Net disentangle the topological and color features to perform more controllable and diverse SCE results. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods are effective to address the challenging and meaningful DCSC task compared with other state-of-the-art methods.