Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human milk banks: lights and shadows

Breastfeeding is the most appropriate source of nutrition also for preterm infants. When mother’s own milk is not available, donor human milk (DHM), provided from a human milk bank (HMB), or formula can be used. Infants fed DHM grow at a slower rate than formula-fed infants. However, DHM has the advantage over formula to retain some of the bioactive properties of naive human milk. Given the wide variability of DHM content and its generally low macronutrient content, individualised fortification represents a more valid option than standard fortification in order to meet the high nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Pasteurization is necessary to reduce bacterial count in DHM. Holder pasteurization, which is recommended in most HMB guidelines, has several limitations, because it impairs macronutrient and functional components of DHM. Alternative methods of pasteurization, which would be capable of retaining the bioactive properties of DHM with the highest level of microbiological safety, are currently under investigation. Proceedings of the 10 th International Workshop on Neonatology · Cagliari (Italy) · October 22 nd -25 th , 2014 · The last ten years, the next ten years in Neonatology Guest Editors: Vassilios Fanos, Michele Mussap, Gavino Faa, Apostolos Papageorgiou
Structural Equation Model for analysing critical risks associated with facilities management outsourcing and its impacts on firm performance

Purpose – This study aimed to develop and empirically test a structural equation model for investigating risk factors associated with outsourcing of facilities management (FM) services and its impact on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Using data derived from an earlier study, a conceptual model was hypothesized and empirically tested to clarify causal relationships between risk variables and how they influence firm performance. Findings – Supported by empirical evidence, the study established that only vendor risk variables have marginal impact on firm performance. There were however significant positive relationship between vendor risks factors and relationship risk factors, client based factors and relationship risk factors, client based risks and vendor related risks, and contract risks factors and relationship risk. Practical implications – The final structural equation model has revealed key risk components that would require standard mitigation measures in order to achieve outsourcing success in the FM sector. It is a sector that is thriving in Nigeria and requires every effort to make it an international recognised market. Originality/value – This paper provides a greater understanding of the interactions between key elements of outsourcing risks associated with facilities management provision as well as the degree of relationship between them.
Classification of Time-Optimal Constant-Acceleration Earth-Mars Transfers

A parametric study of Earth-Mars time-optimal constant-acceleration transfers is presented. Various continuation methods are introduced to efficiently compute large numbers of transfers for compilation into a database. Once computed, transfers are subsequently classified by observed shared characteristics, and the relationship between classifications and properties of the optimal control problem is explored.
Reflections on Philosophy for physicians , a text by Mario Bunge

I write this review to reflect on the contents of the book Philosophy for physicians (1) written by the renowned Argentine epistemologist Mario Bunge. The book was recently published in Spain and gave rise to various conferences and interviews in December 2012. This text is not a classic recension, but a set of opinions on the ideas the book covers or suggests. Due to the wide range of topics the book addresses, and the controversial nature of many of them, the material is of great relevance to public health professionals. From my point of view, the material offers a great deal of insight, but also casts some shadows that should be critically analyzed. Such an analysis corresponds with the work’s invitation for discussion: “in the sciences, doubt is better than the firm belief in dogmas” (1 p.91). It is therefore not my aim to give a thorough review of the book. While this text is rather extensive, it is not because there are many points with which I disagree, but rather because the justification of the points with which I dissent calls for an unhurried and responsible reflection, an examination of the academic precedents so as to heed the warning of Bunge himself that certain destructive criticisms can be irresponsible (1 p.169). Philosophy for physicians is a book that sheds light on transcendental topics, debunks myths and reminds us of many truths that all health care professionals, physicians in particular, would greatly benefit from knowing. Sadly, however, it contains confusing messages, suffers from some misconceptions and contains a number of mistakes. The present text highlights the merits, but does not avoid the examination of its fundamental Author: Mario Bunge Barcelona: Gedisa; 2012. 208 pages ISBN 978-84-9784-739-1
Optimisation of hardness and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA6061 alloy using response surface methodology coupled with grey relational analysis and principle component analysis

The present work aims to optimize the operating parameters such as rotational speed, welding speed and tool diameter for maximum Hardness and Tensile strength of the friction stir welded joint on AA6061 alloy. Three factors with five level response surface design matrix were developed by using MINITAB14 software package. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to develop mathematical model between the response and process parameters. Grey relational Analysis (GRA) was deployed to convert multi objective case into single objective one by calculating Grey Relational Grade (GRG). The weights of the influencing parameters were calculated using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The optimum process parameters are obtained from Response surface plots drawn for GRG. Confirmation tests proved that the proposed methodology has been yielded the optimum process parameters. Keywords: Friction Stir Welding; Response Surface Method; Grey Relational Analysis; Grey Relational Grade; Principle Component Analysis
Optimal Control of Li-Ion Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

Hydrogen fuel cells are poised to become the next major power generation technology for the automotive industry. In order to make fuel cell powered vehicles viable for every day use, it is necessary to study how to control these vehicles to minimize fuel consumption, thus reducing operation costs and increasing the vehicle’s range. Although hybrid vehicle control strategies have been extensively studied, there is relatively little existing research into fuel cell hybrid vehicle control. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles have similar power trains to conventional series hybrid electric vehicles where the engine and generator are replaced with a fuel cell and a DC/DC converter. The underlying hybrid control concepts used for conventional hybrid vehicles are still valid although it is unknown how well they will perform on fuel cell based vehicles since the fuel cell is a fundamentally different power source. This thesis reviews several control strategies for fuel cell vehicles including a mode switching rule-based control strategy, a constant fuel cell output strategy and an adaptive variation of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) which has been modified for fuel cell vehicles. These strategies are implemented in simulation and evaluated against optimal strategies. The optimal strategies have been determined using convex optimization problem solving techniques that have been adapted to a fuel cell specific version of the hybrid vehicle control problem. The mode switching and constant fuel cell strategies have also been evaluated in real world testing on a fully functional, road safe, fuel cell powered SUV. The test vehicle was designed and built by the University of Waterloo Alternative Fuels Team (UWAFT) for the EcoCAR competition. My responsibilities on the team were primarily to develop the rear motor and hybrid control logic as well as to assist in the testing and physical construction of the vehicle. The simulation results demonstrate that near optimal fuel economies can be achieved through operating the fuel cell at near peak efficiency while the battery manages all major transients in the power demand. The constant fuel cell strategy demonstrates the highest fuel economy of all the tested strategies since it operates continually within this high efficiency region. The mode based strategy showed the worst results since the fuel cell would follow the transients of the power demand, pushing it out of the peak efficiency region. These results were validated by the experimental results which showed similar relationships between the mode switching, constant fuel cell and optimal strategies. The AECMS provided good results although they were lower than the constant fuel cell strategy. The benefits of adaptive estimation are not significant enough to warrant the additional
A segmentation approach to delineate zones for differential nitrogen interventions

Multi-source and -temporal data integration is expected to support the delineation of within-field management zones that may better conform to unique combinations of crop yield variations. This work addresses the evaluation of zone delineation approaches based on image classification and segmentation methods. An object-based segmentation is introduced using ancillary data from multivariate analysis of yield maps. A simple economic evaluation is conducted to compare delineation methods aiming at variable-rate nitrogen applications. Advantages and penalties are suggested for 2, 3 and 4 management zones. Results show that a combination of multi-resolution, watershed and region growing segmentation algorithms has shown greater net worth. It is suggested that methods have potential application for delineations of contiguous patterns.
Preparedness of Nurses at Hospitals to Utilize a Paperless Environment

The embracing of Health Information Technology (HIT) by hospitals is viewed as one mechanism to mitigate the ever-growing healthcare supply and demand gap, reduce medical errors, increase efficiency, improve quality of care and automate business processes. This has led to many hospitals investing large sums of money in the hope that HIT can help hospitals achieve this goal. The problem, however, is that similar to other industries that have undertaken this journey towards embracing Information Technology (IT), hospitals have not been very successful and have not achieved the expected benefits of IT. One of the major contributing factors to the high failure rate of IT implementation within the healthcare sector is user acceptance. The reason for low user acceptance can be attributed to HIT being a disruptive technology that changes the existing work procedures and processes. The main objective of this study was to determine the preparedness of nurses to adopt a paperless environment and to determine if the nurses were equipped with the necessary skills to be able to function within a paperless environment. A quantitative approach was used to gather information from a private hospital within the eThekwini municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. Hundred and sixty questionnaires were handed out and a total of 102 questionnaires were successfully answered giving the researcher a response rate of 64%. The findings indicate that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use by nurses are enablers to HIT usage while resistance to change is an inhibitor to HIT usage. The findings also indicate that both related knowledge and perceived compatibilities have a positive effect on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use respectively.
Human Capital and Economic Growth: The Quest for the Most Relevant Level of Education in Pakistan

The study examines the role of human capital in the economic growth of Pakistan by using primary, secondary and higher education enrolments as proxies for human capital in three different specifications. The idea behind these models is to find out the most relevant level of education in terms of its contribution in economic growth. The order of integration of the variables is checked through Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron test. In order to find out the evidences of the long run relationship, Engle-Granger two step procedure is used. The findings are re-examined through Johansen and Juselius method. The study found that human capital is positively related with the long run economic growth with primary education as the most relevant level of education. It is therefore recommended that special attention should be given to the primary level of education.
Seasonal variations in gravity wave activity at three locations in Brazil

Using the variance in meteor radar winds as a measure of gravity wave activity, we investigate the temporal variations in gravity waves at three locations in Brazil: Sao Joao do Cariri (7.3° S, 36.4° W), Cachoeira Paulista (22.7° S, 45.0° W) and Santa Maria (29.7° S, 53.7° W). The technique used is that of Hocking (2005) which makes it possible to separate the zonal and meridional components of the fluctuating wind velocity. We find that the seasonal variation of the fluctuating wind is similar to that of the amplitude of the diurnal tide, showing a predominantly semi-annual variation, stronger at Cachoeira Paulista and Santa Maria than at the quasi-equatorial station, Cariri. Both with respect to the seasonal trend and shorter term variations, strong coupling between gravity wave activity and tides is indicated by a remarkably close correlation between the fluctuating velocity and the vertical shear in the tidal winds. It is not clear as to whether this is caused by gravity wave forcing of the tides or whether it results from in situ generation of gravity waves by tidal wind shear.
Causes of Posting Strategic Organizational Information on Social Media by Employees: A Case of One State Agency in Kenya

This article explains why employees post strategic organizational information on social media. Social media though has come with better ways of conducting business in organizations, has also brought in challenges. Employees have the potential to generate content pertaining to the organization’s business strategy and post it online using their internet-enabled phones or iphones which reside outside organizations’ control. Such content goes viral before being noticed by management and could injure reputation. When reputation is affected, employees concerned face disciplinary action which may result in dismissal or impeding career progression yet establishing organizations and careers requires huge resources and when any organization goes under many stakeholders lose their source of livelihood. In addition unemployment rate becomes a challenge to the government. While organizations use social media to enhance their activities, previous studies demonstrated how organizations and employees suffered from the effect of social media content they post. The aim of this study was to find out why employees post strategic organizational information on social media. The research approach was qualitative with case study being the research method. Employees and managers constituted the population of this study in one state agency in Kenya. The sampling technique was purposive; sample size was twenty two participants. Seventeen employees based at Eldoret branch and the management drawn as follows from the Head Office Nairobi: Two Human resource managers (Admin & Training), Information Communication Technology (ICT) manager, Corporate Communication Manager and Manager in-charge of consumer protection. Data was generated using interview schedules and analyzed thematically. The study established that posting of strategic organizational information through social media was driven by the environment and personality. Keywords: causes, strategic information, social media.
Dynamic cointegration and relevant vector machine: the relationship between gold and silver

We use the Relevant Vector Machine, a technique of supervised learning introduced by Tipping (2001), to conduct a dynamic cointegration analysis on the time series of the price of gold and silver over the period 1971-2004. Unlike the results of traditional cointegration analysis, this study reveals that there is a dynamic long run relationship over the whole period
Development of knowledge­oriented system of machine translation based on the analytic­synthetic text processing

A method for automated syntactic text analysis based on the declarative representation of the rules of syntactic combinability was developed. In this method, in contrast to those existing, the tables of syntactic rules are used not only for the context analysis, but also for defining the subject, predicate, secondary parts of the sentence, as well as superphrase syntactic combinations. A method for software distribution of analytical-synthetic processing of a natural language text in machine translation systems was developed. The developed method, in contrast to the known methods, takes into account conditions of transition to parallel data processing both at the level of processing tasks and depending on the data type. The C# applications, where the developed methods for analytical-synthetic processing of multilingual Russian, Ukrainian and English texts were realized, were implemented by software. It was experimentally proved that the developed software for texts on military subject area allow reducing the number of errors of semantic character by 14–16 % in comparison with the existing machine translation systems through the automated text processing at the level of sign system and the introduction of super-phrase synthesis.
Benchmarking and balanced scorecard: Case study of the Brazilian electricity distribution sector

This paper explores one aspect of the benchmarking program that has been developed by the Brazilian Electrical Energy Distribution Companies Association (ABRADEE) at the Institute of Economic Research Foundation (FIPE). It presents the methodology adopted in the choice of information to be used as a benchmark. The methodology developed is a combination of the concepts of benchmarking and balanced scorecard.
Vision-based eye-blink detection system for mental fatigue monitoring and human-computer interfacing

The paper presents an algorithm for detection of the eye-blinks in image sequences. The employed image processing methods include well-known solutions, such as Haar-like face detection and template matching based eye tracking, as well as newly developed algorithms for skin colour segmentation and modified active contour model with ellipse fitting for eye-blink detection. The developed algorithm was used for human fatigue monitoring and as a core of the eye-blink controlled human-computer interface.
Differential Contribution of Jasmine Floral Volatiles to the Aroma of Scented Green Tea

Tea volatiles’ generation and retention over manufacturing processes are crucial for tea quality. In this study, floral volatile adsorption and retention in green tea scented with Jasminum sambac flowers were examined over the scenting process. Out of 34 enhanced volatiles in the scented tea, β-ionone, β-linalool, indole, and methyl anthranilate were the most potent odorants with 5.1–45.2-fold higher odor activity values than the corresponding controls in the nonscented tea. Scenting efficiencies for the floral volatiles retained in the scented tea (the percentage of volatile abundance over its corresponding amount in jasmine flowers) ranged from 0.22% for α-farnesene to 75.5% for β-myrcene. Moreover, due to additional rounds of heat treatment for scented green tea manufacturing, some volatiles such as carotenoid-derived geraniol and β-ionone and lipid-derived ()-jasmone were heat-enhanced and others such as nonanal were heat-desorbed in the scented green tea. Our study revealed that dynamic volatile absorption and desorption collectively determined tea volatile retention and tea aroma. Our findings may have a great potential for practical improvement of tea aroma.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Net Crop Returns and Cash Rent Values in Indiana

This paper examined the relationship between cash rent and net crop returns for Indiana. As expected, there was a significant and positive relationship between net crop returns and cash rent values. The relatively low coefficients on lagged net crop returns in the cash rent equations reinforces the existing literature that asserts that cash rent values are sticky. As a result, the recent decline in net crop returns in Indiana will not be fully realized for several years.
NEW DOUBLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR MICROSAMPLES. APPLICATION TO HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE EXPERIMENTS

This article describes a new double beam spectrophotometer specially conceived for optical absorption measurements on low‐absorbing microsamples. The available long‐working distance makes this apparatus attractive for use on samples placed in special environments such as heating stages, biological cells, and particularly hydrostatic pressure cells. Its performance has been tested in optical absorption measurements for different Mn2+ and Cu2+ complexes. We applied the instrument for investigating the electronic spectrum of Cu2+ doped (CH3CH2NH3)2CdCl4 crystals under hydrostatic pressure using a Sapphire anvil cell. A salient feature of this work is the enormous redshift (1400 cm−1) experienced by the first Cl−→Cu2+ charge transfer band at 26 kbar. We briefly comment on the origin of this shift.
An improved method for delta15N measurements in ice cores

The use of isotopic ratios of nitrogen gas (d15N) trapped in ice cores as a paleothermometerto characterise abrupt climate changes is becoming a widespread technique. The versatility of the technique could be enhanced, for instance in quantifying small temperature changes during the last glacial period in Antarctic ice cores, by using high precision methods. In this paper, we outline a method for measuring d15N to a precision of 0.006%° (1s, n=9) from replicate ice core samples. The high precision results from removing oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour from the air extracted from ice cores. The advantage of the technique is that it does not involve correction for isobaric interference due to CO+ ions. We also highlight the importance of oxygen removal from the sample, and how it influences d15N measurements. The results show that a small amount of oxygen in the sample can be detrimental to achieving an optimum precision in d15N measurements of atmospheric nitrogen trapped ice core samples.
Numerical Analysis of Discrete Switching Prey-Predator Model for Integrated Pest Management

The switching discrete prey-predator model concerning integrated pest management has been proposed, and the switches are guided by the economic threshold (ET). To begin with, the regular and virtual equilibria of switching system have been discussed and the key parameter bifurcation diagrams for the existence of equilibria have been proposed, which reveal the three different regions of equilibria. Besides, numerical bifurcation analyses show that the switching discrete system may have complicated dynamics behavior including chaos and the coexistence of multiple attractors. Finally, the effects of key parameters on the switching frequencies and switching times are discussed and the sensitivity analysis of varying parameter values for mean switching times has also been given. The results proved that economic threshold (ET) and the growth rate () were the key parameters for pest control.