Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum Computing and Optimal Control Theory

In recent years, quantum computing and quantum information science have become one of the most important and attractive research areas in a variety of disciplines, e. g. , mathematics, information science, physics, chemistry, etc1. These new kinds of technologies are predicted to be much more advantageous compared with the classical computers and classical information science and the benefit obtained by these technologies is assumed to be beyond measure in our every-day life. For instance, quantum computers are predicted to be able to solve mathematical problems that today’s fastest computers could not solve in years. In particular, entanglement or entangled state plays a key role for quantum computing and quantum information processing. For example, arbitrary quantum states of two-level system can be teleported through classical communication with the help of maximally entangled Bell state from one place to other macroscopic distant places (quantum teleportation)2, which has no counterpart in classical mechanics. As opposed to the quantum teleportation, classical information can be teleported by using the maximally entangled Bell state (superdense coding)3. Needless to say, entanglement is also an essential ingredient in quantum computing1. At present, theoretical investigations of the mechanism of quantum computing and quantum information science have become mature although some of the important theoretical problems, e. g. , definition of entanglement degree of multipartite systems, have not yet been solved and are still controversial. Yet, one can say that we are now reaching a stage of experimental realizations of quantum computing and quantum information processing proposed and investigated theoretically and numerically. To apply quantum computing and quantum information processing to realistic quantum systems, a number of microscopic quantum systems have been proposed. Just to mention a few, cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED)4, trapped ions5 7, neutral atoms trapped in optical lattices8, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)9, 10, superconducting circuits11, silicon-based nuclear spin12, diamond-based quantum computer13, 14 are some of the promising candidates of quantum computing devices. However, investigation of utilization of molecular internal degrees of freedom for quantum computing and quantum information science, in particular, electronic, vibrational, and rotational degrees of freedom, is still in its infancy. Although molecules are also quantum systems, very few chemists have yet examined how to use molecular internal degrees of
A Participatory Design Framework for the Gamification of Rehabilitation Systems

In recent years games and game technology have been used quite widely to investigate if they can help make rehabilitation more engaging for users. The underlying hypothesis is that the motivating qualities of games may be harnessed and embedded into a game-based rehabilitation system to improve the quality of user participation. We present here the PACT framework which has been created to guide the design of gamified rehabilitation systems; placing emphasis on people, aesthetics, context, and technology from the beginning of a design and development process. We discuss the evolution of PACT from our previous GAMER framework, which was used to develop a range of games for upper arm stroke rehabilitation with natural user interfaces. GAMER was established to guide the design of rehabilitation games from the viewpoint of a designer, whereas with PACT greater emphasis has been placed on an inclusive design process. We provide a detailed work flow illustration for the use of PACT in the development of rehabilitation systems and provide examples of practical design and analysis tools that improve the quality of workflow in PACT.
Probing the core structure and evolution of red giants using gravity-dominated mixed modes observed with Kepler

Context. There are now more than 22 months of long-cadence data available for thousands of red giants observed with the Kepler space mission. Consequently, we are able to clearly resolve fine details in their oscillation spectra and see many components of the mixed modes that probe the stellar core. Aims. We report for the first time a parametric fit to the pattern of the � = 1 mixed modes in red giants, which is a powerful tool to identify gravity-dominated mixed modes. With these modes, which share the characteristics of pressure and gravity modes, we are able to probe directly the helium core and the surrounding shell where hydrogen is burning. Methods. We propose two ways for describing the so-called mode bumping that affects the frequencies of the mixed modes. Firstly, a phenomenological approach is used to describe the main features of the mode bumping. Alternatively, a quasi-asymptotic mixed-mode relation provides a powerful link between seismic observations and the stellar interior structure. We used period echelle diagrams to emphasize the detection of the gravity-dominated mixed modes. Results. The asymptotic relation for mixed modes is confirmed. It allows us to measure the gravity-mode period spacings in more than two hundred red giant stars. The identification of the gravity-dominated mixed modes allows us to complete the identification of all major peaks in a red giant oscillation spectrum, with significant consequences for the true identification of � = 3 modes, of � = 2 mixed modes, for the mode widths and amplitudes, and for the � = 1 rotational splittings. Conclusions. The accurate measurement of the gravity-mode period spacing provides an effective probe of the inner, g-mode cavity. The derived value of the coupling coefficient between the cavities is different for red giant branch and clump stars. This provides a probe of the hydrogen-shell burning region that surrounds the helium core. Core contraction as red giants ascend the red giant branch can be explored using the variation of the gravity-mode spacing as a function of the mean large separation.
First Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis 'Swedish' Variant (nvCT) in a Russian Couple with Infertility

Background: Chronic asymptomatic chlamydial genital infection caused by the wild-type of Chlamydia trachomatis (wtCT) is the most common bacterial infection causing human infertility. The novel ‘Swedish’ variant of С. trachomatis (nvCT) which contains a 377 bp deletion in a region that is specifically targeted in some nucleic acid amplification tests may impede diagnosis. Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether nvCT may be a possible cause of infertility in a couple undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Method: Clinical specimens from both genital (urethra and cervix) and extra-genital sites (pharynx, conjunctive, blood) of a couple who experienced multiple unsuccessful attempts at pregnancy by natural fertilization and IVF procedures were analyzed before and after antibiotic therapy. Both partners had neither somatic nor endocrinal abnormality nor any clinically apparent genital manifestations of Chlamydia or other STIs. Results: Before antibiotic therapy all the samples of the Female Partner (FP) contained DNA of only the nvCT. After antibiotic therapy, additionally, DNA of wtCT of genovars E and D was detected in specimens from her conjunctiva and oropharynx. All samples of the Male Partner (MP) revealed co-infection of nvCT and wtCT. Identical SNP within the variable region 4 (VD4) of the ompA gene confirmed the identity of the wtCT strains found in both partners. The FP had a positive anti-chlamydial IgG titer. The sperm characteristics of the MP, motility (immotile spermatozoa was 51.1% versus 21.6%) and vitality (46% versus 68%) declined progressively, and the MP anti-chlamydial IgG titer was negative. Conclusion: Infertility in this couple may have been caused by chronic asymptomatic and persistent nvCT-associated infection that was complicated by re-infection later with wtCT. This study illustrates the importance of including detection methods for nvCT strains in the investigation of infertility cases.
An Investigation of Low Volatility Anomaly in Indian Stock Market

The objective of this paper is to investigate the presence of low volatility anomaly in Indian stock Market. Anomaly occurs due to the deviation in normal behavior of stocks with respect to risk-return relationship as suggested by CAPM theory. The low volatility anomaly means that portfolio of low volatility stocks provides better returns than the portfolio of high volatility stocks. The anomaly under study is one of the most common technical anomalies detected in various International markets but very few studies are there in Indian context. CAPM theory suggest that there is direct relationship between risk & return but various empirical studies finds that portfolio of low volatility stocks outperforms portfolio of high volatility stocks. In this study, returns of volatility sorted portfolios are used to analyze the low volatility anomaly. The study uses constituent stocks of S&P CNX 100 index of NSE. The data is taken from period January 2001 to December 2014. The results of this study did not found any significant low volatility anomaly in India rather results are supporting the CAPM model and thus found that high volatility quintile gives high returns in India and vice-versa.
GenLR-Net: Deep Framework for Very Low Resolution Face and Object Recognition with Generalization to Unseen Categories

Matching very low resolution images of faces and objects with high resolution images in the database has important applications in surveillance scenarios, street-to-shop matching for general objects, etc. Matching across huge resolution difference along with variations in illumination, view-point, etc. makes the problem quite challenging. The problem becomes even more difficult if the testing objects have not been seen during training. In this work, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network architecture to address these problems. We systematically introduce different kinds of constraints at different stages of the architecture so that the approach can recognize low resolution images as well as generalize well to images of unseen categories. The reason behind each additional step along with its effect on the overall performance is thoroughly analyzed. Extensive experiments are conducted on two face and object datasets which justifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach for handling these real-life challenging scenarios.
Spatio-temporal distribution of Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Cladocera: Sididae) in freshwater reservoir ecosystems: importance of maximum water depth and macrophyte beds for avoidance of fish predation

In empirical studies, Cladocera is commonly utilized as a primary food source for predators such as fish, thus, predator avoidance are important strategies to sustain their population in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that water depth is an important factor in determining the spatial distribution of Diaphanosoma brachyurum Lievin, 1848 in response to fish predation. Quarterly monitoring was implemented at three water layers ( i.e. , water surface and middle and bottom layers) in 21 reservoirs located in the southeastern part of South Korea. D. brachyurum individuals were frequently observed at the study sites and exhibited different spatial patterns of distribution in accordance with the maximum depth of the reservoirs. In the reservoirs with a maximum depth of more than 6 m, high densities of D. brachyurum were observed in the bottom layers; however, in the shallower reservoirs (maximum depth <6 m), D. brachyurum were concentrated in the surface layer. Moreover, during additional surveys, we observed a trend in which D. brachyurum densities increased as the maximum depth or macrophyte biomass increased. Gut contents analysis revealed that predatory fishes in each reservoir frequently consumed D. brachyurum ; however, the consumption rate abruptly decreased in reservoirs where the maximum depth was more than 11 m or in the shallow reservoirs supporting a macrophyte bed. Interestingly, the reservoirs more than 11-m depth supported high densities of D. brachyurum in the bottom layer and in the surface macrophyte bed. Based on these results, reservoirs with a maximum depth of more than 11 m or those with a macrophyte bed may provide a refuge for D. brachyurum to avoid fish predation. Compared with other cladoceran species, D. brachyurum readily exploits various types of refugia (in this study, the deep layer or surface macrophyte bed), which may help explain why this species is abundant in various types of reservoirs.
A New Route for the Synthesis of Quinazolinones

Quinazolinone derivatives are highly bioactive heterocyclic compounds with wider range of microbial activities such as anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-convulsant, anti-HIV, etc. Solid supported microwave synthesis of some 3-substituted-4-( 2H )-quinazolinones has been carried out by the reaction of anthranilic acid, formaldehyde and primary aromatic amines. The usage of hazardous reagents and organic solvents has been avoided. The reactions were conducted in presence of acidic alumina where formaldehyde entered into cycloaddition to yield the quinazolinone derivatives. The reactions completed within 2-4 minutes with 82-94% of yields in microwave reactions while it took 5-7 hours for completion affording only 56-68% of the yields in conventional reactions. The synthesized quinazolinone derivatives showed moderate to promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/njst.v12i0. 6491 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 133-138
FACTORS INFLUENCING MOBILE MONEY TRANSFER ADOPTION AMONG SOMALI STUDENTS

Mobile Money transfer is gaining popularity among peoples in several African countries, where people are struggling for necessities of the life. In Somalia, the leading telecommunication company (Hormuud) in the capital city, Mogadishu, launched Electronic Voucher Card Plus (EVC Plus), a mobile application technology for money transfer. People including students widely adopted EVC Plus for transferring, selling/buying, sharing, and receiving money to the family members, friends, and businesses. The current study investigates the factors that influence EVC Plus adoption among students in a private university in Mogadishu, Somalia, based on extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). By using proportionate stratified random sampling, 414 students responded to the study. The data was collected in June 2013 and was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. The findings indicated that perceived usefulness (β=.275, t=5.435, p<.001), perceived ease of use (β=.222, t=4.826, p<.001) and perceived trust ((β=.331, t=7.185, p<.001) had statistically significant and positive effect on intention to adopt EVC Plus among students, whereas perceived risk ((β=.059, t=1.702, p=.089) was not a predictor of intention to use EVC Plus. Moreover, perceived ease of use was found to be a predictor of perceived usefulness to use EVC Plus among the students. Contribution of the study, future research scope and implications are further elaborated.
Optimizing the Management of Knowledge Assets using Swarm Intelligence

Knowledge assets are the knowledge drivers of an organization’s success and they can be of structured, unstructured, tacit or explicit knowledge. Explicit knowledge are realized as documents and these documents need to be tagged in order to ease the process of retrieval.Such document grouping process can help an organisation to meet legal and regulatory requirements for retrieving specific information in a set timeframe. Current document clustering techniques rely on a pre-defined value of k (number of clusters). Hence, the produced clusters will be of different quality. This study presents the employment of swarm intelligence algorithm, i.e Firefly Algorithm, to automatically cluster text document without the use of k value. Experimental results shows that the performance of the algorithm is better compared to the benchmark methods. The number of obtained clusters are the same as the ones defined in the data collection while the purity value for three out of four datasets are higher than the benchmark methods. Hence, this indicates that the proposed swarm intelligence based clustering facilitates the grouping of knowledge assets. By having an automated document clustering, tagging the document with their appropriate label will help organization to better manage their knowledge assets.
Individual variation in migratory movements and winter behaviour of Iberian Lesser Kestrels Falco naumanni revealed by geolocators

The population decline of the Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni has been the subject of studies across its Western Palaearctic breeding range, but little is known about its use of pre-migratory areas or African wintering quarters. We used geolocators to describe the temporal and spatial patterns of Portuguese Lesser Kestrel migration and wintering behaviour. Data on the complete migration were obtained from four individuals and another three provided further information. Prior to southward migration, Lesser Kestrels showed two different behaviours: northward-orientated movements to Spain and movements in the proximity of the breeding area. Autumn migration took place mostly in late September; spring departures occurred mainly in the first half of February. Wintering grounds included Senegal, Mauritania and Mali, with individuals overlapping considerably in Senegal. Movements registered within the wintering grounds suggest itinerant behaviour in relation to local flushes of prey. During spring migration, birds crossed the Sahara Desert through Mauritania, Western Sahara and Morocco before passing over the Mediterranean to reach Portugal. Autumn migration lasted 4.8 ± 1.1 days, and spring migration lasted 4.1 ± 0.3 days. The mean daily flight range varied between approximately 300 and 850 km for an entire journey of around 2500 km. Effective protection of roosting sites in both pre-migratory and wintering areas and maintaining grasshopper populations in Sahelian wintering quarters appear crucial in preserving this threatened migratory raptor across its African–Eurasian flyway. There was no evidence of any deleterious effects of fitting birds with loggers.
Engaging the Senses for Performance and their Effect on Productivity

Considering human being five main senses, sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch, they have the ability to impact how we watch the world and how we recollect encounters. Extended individual control and solace needs of workers agents set off the worry among affiliation and association to give them a situation and working environment, which fulfilled the representatives' need and helps their proficiency. The fundamental focus of this study is to find the relationship between faculties, which is identified with execution, work environment, and profitability.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: A SERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATION OF A POTENTIAL GAS ACCRETION EVENT

The nature of warm, ionized gas outside of galaxies may illuminate several key galaxy evolutionary processes. A serendipitous observation by the MaNGA survey has revealed a large, asymmetric Hα complex with no optical counterpart that extends ≈8″ (≈6.3 kpc) beyond the effective radius of a dusty, starbursting galaxy. This Hα extension is approximately three times the effective radius of the host galaxy and displays a tail-like morphology. We analyze its gas-phase metallicities, gaseous kinematics, and emission-line ratios and discuss whether this Hα extension could be diffuse ionized gas, a gas accretion event, or something else. We find that this warm, ionized gas structure is most consistent with gas accretion through recycled wind material, which could be an important process that regulates the low-mass end of the galaxy stellar mass function.
Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells: Requirements of Tumor Microenvironment-mimicking In Vitro Models in Anti-Cancer Drug Development

For decades, scientists have been using two-dimensional cell culture platforms for high-throughput drug screening of anticancer drugs. Growing evidence indicates that the results of anti-cancer drug screening vary with the cell culture microenvironment, and this variation has been proposed as a reason for the high failure rate of clinical trials. Since the culture condition-dependent drug sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs may negatively impact the identification of clinically effective drug candidates, more reliable in vitro cancer platforms are urgently needed. In this review article, we provide an overview of how cell culture conditions can alter drug efficacy and highlight the importance of developing more reliable cancer drug testing platforms for use in the drug discovery process. The environmental factors that can alter drug delivery and efficacy are reviewed. Based on these observations of chemoresistant tumor physiology, we summarize the recent advances in the fabrication of in vitro cancer models and the model-dependent cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, with a particular focus on engineered environmental factors in these platforms. It is believed that more physiologically relevant cancer models can revolutionize the drug discovery process.
Non-residential water demand model validated with extensive measurements and surveys

Existing Dutch guidelines for the design of the drinking water and hot water system of nonresidential buildings are based on outdated assumptions on peak water demand or on unfounded assumptions on hot water demand. They generally overestimate peak demand values required for the design of an efficient and reliable water system. Recently, a procedure was developed based on the end-use model SIMDEUM to derive design-demand-equations for peak demand values of both cold and hot water during various time steps for several types and sizes of non-residential buildings, viz. offices, hotels and nursing homes. In this paper, the design-demand-equations are validated with measurements of cold and hot water patterns on a per second base and with surveys. The good correlation between the simulated water demand patterns and the measured patterns indicates that the basis of the design-demand-equations, the SIMDEUM simulated standardised buildings, is solid. Surveys were held to investigate whether the construction of the standardised buildings based on the dominant variable corresponds with practice. Surveys show that it is difficult to find relationships to equip the standardised buildings with users and appliances. However, the validation proves that with a proper estimation of the number of users and appliances in only the dominant functional room of the standardised buildings, SIMDEUM renders a realistic cold and hot water diurnal demand pattern. Furthermore, the new design-demand-equations based on these standardised buildings give a better prediction of the measured peak values for cold water flow than the existing guidelines. Moreover, the new design-demand-equations can predict hot water use well. In this paper it is illustrated that the new design-demand-equations lead to reliable and improved designs of building installations and water heater capacity, resulting in more hygienic and economical installations.
mangal - making ecological network analysis simple

The study of ecological networks is severely limited by (i) the difficulty to access data, (ii) the lack of a standardized way to link meta-data with interactions, and (iii) the disparity of formats in which ecological networks themselves are represented. To overcome these limitations, we conceived a data specification for ecological networks. We implemented a database respecting this standard, and released a R package (rmangal) allowing users to programmatically access, curate, and deposit data on ecological interactions. In this article, we show how these tools, in conjunctions with other frameworks for the programmatic manipulation of open ecological data, streamlines the analysis process, and improves eplicability and reproducibility of ecological networks studies.