Metaphor and Metonymy Transfer in View of Traditional and Cognitive Approaches

The research topicality is conditioned by focus of linguistics on issues of language functions and its units in relation to the main purpose of natural language to serve as a means of storing and transmitting knowledge and also a means of communication in the social practical activity of humans. Because the category of modality is completely realized in the text it is most topical for us to research the phase of "information processing" which is characterized by the terms "schemes", "models", "frames", "scenarios", "scenes". This article reflects interaction of knowledge structures, cognitive systems, in the light of frames of metaphorical and metonymical models which are realization and specific interpretation of the world picture in linguisticcommunicative society’s mind. In that context this article focuses on determining and describing the cognitive modality model of English texts, its structural organisation, character and correlation types of modal meanings with cognitive metaphorical and metonymical models; developing a special technique of cognitive-comparative analysis of modality displaying and also character and types of metaphorical and metonymical models of their realization in English texts; determining and describing universal and idioethnical features of modality category realization as well as character and correlation types of modal meanings to cognitive metaphorical and metonymical models of the English language. Different analysis methods are used in the work: the leading ones are common scientific theoretical and empirical methods – observation, introspection, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling which provide a scientifically based structure of the research. The linguistic techniques are informative-semantic, frame, cognitive-comparative, and also elements of context, definition and component analysis contribute to determining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of language units at different levels to realize text modality. The article presents the following propositions: 1. The cognitive notion of modality reveals full volume of its actualization through informing and naming (reference) at the first stage of written activity in relation "author text", and also through interpreting and information acquisition at the second stage in relation "text-recipient". 2. The cognitive model of modality is characterized by two basic parameters: stability provided by invariant basic level of referent modality and on the other hand, by dynamism conditioned by level varity of subjective modality. Dynamism, flexible character of language frames interaction at every level, varied transitions and interlevel shifts are provided by cognitive mechanism of metaphorical and metonymical extensions within the so called "marked" active zones and "background" zones of every level. The main reason of dynamism of the modality category is its dependence upon the most unstable component of the world picture that is a human who is the basic element of the inner modality organization. 3. Metaphorical and metonymical models are widely used to activate hyperframe of text modality and also their mixed types – metaphtonimia which along with an individualizing and characterizing function in the text with the help of which modal information is distributed to the marked ("figure") and background one they also realize a cognitive function and contribute to conceptualization of new knowledge and suggest a new approach of reality comprehending. 4. The basis of common metaphorical and metonymical extensions is an anthropological category of modality and correspondingly universal and idioethnical metaphorical and metonymical models are distringuished. The practical significance of the research is that its results can be used to solve problems as to improve University teaching of such theory subjects as comparative linguistics, theory and practice of translation, and stylistics. The theoretical conclusions and practical material given in the article can be used to develop the Issakova Sabira et al., International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, ISSN 2250-0588, Impact Factor: 6.452, Volume 08 Issue 3, March 2018, Page 86-97 http://indusedu.org Page 87 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License special courses and seminars on text linguistics and also to teach post-graduate students and students research practice.