Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE AGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL 3D PRINTING. TECHNOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING.

Additive manufacturing technologies have been adopted by various industries in the past decades, but since the approval of the first 3D printed drug in 2015 by the US Food and Drug Administration, pharmaceutical research has shown ever growing interest in the subject as well. The 3D printing technologies adapted for pharmaceutical applications will be reviewed and important research results will be documented. The most significant advantages when using 3D printing technologies are the ability of creating highly personalised drug products and also the ability to easily alter the drug release characteristics. Medicine and pharmacy university curriculums should be updated with courses on 3D modelling software and 3D printing technologies, as these methods promise great progress for the future of healthcare. Rezumat Metodele de fabricație aditivă au fost adoptate în diferite industrii în ultimele decenii, însă de la aprobarea primului medicament tipărit 3D, în anul 2015, de către Food and Drug Administration în SUA, cercetarea farmaceutică a dezvoltat un interes tot mai accentuat pentru acest subiect. Tehnologiile de imprimare 3D, adaptate aplicațiilor farmaceutice, vor fi discutate în detaliu și vor fi documentate rezultatele importante obținute în acest domeniu. Principalele avantaje în utilizarea tehnologiilor de imprimare 3D sunt abilitatea de a crea produse farmaceutice înalt personalizate și, de asemenea, capacitatea de a modifica cu ușurință caracteristicile de eliberare ale substanței farmacologic active. În programele de învățământ ale universităților de medicină și farmacie ar trebui să fie adăugate cursuri de modelare 3D și de aprofundare a tehnologiilor de imprimare 3D, deoarece aceste metode promit progrese importante în domeniul medicinei personalizate.
Estrategias para incrementar la tasa de respuesta en las encuestas

Este trabajo aborda una de las limitaciones más importantes de la técnica de encuesta, concretamente la dificultad de seleccionar muestras representativas de la población objeto de estudio por el elevado número de no respuestas. Dos factores intervienen decisivamente en este hecho: la ausencia de personas en los hogares elegidos para realizar las entrevistas y los rechazos de las personas seleccionadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar varios factores que aumentan la cooperación de los entrevistados, para así mejorar la calidad y la tasa de respuesta en las investigaciones mediante encuestas. Una de las razones que justifica el interés de este trabajo es el hecho —mostrado en diversas investigaciones— de que los ciudadanos de las sociedades desarrolladas cada vez se muestran menos partidarios de responder a encuestas.
Effects of Fermentation Time and Turning Intervals on the Physicochemical Properties of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Fruit Sweatings

Sweatings, the exudates that leach out from fermenting fruits during rambutan fruit fermentation are considered as a waste by-product and are allowed to be drained off. This could lead to a pollution problem. Besides, it is a waste if the sweatings are possible to be transformed into food products and ingredients. However, prior transformation, the fundamental knowledge of the sweatings should be understood. Hence, the main aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of sweatings as affected by fermentation time and turning intervals during natural fermentation of rambutan fruits. In this study, peeled rambutan fruit was fermented for 8 days and turned. Different batches of the fruits were turned every 24, 48 or 72 h and sweatings from the process were collected and analyzed. The results showed that fermentation time significantly reduced (p 0.05) the physicochemical properties of the sweatings. High concentrations of sugars and organic acids allow the sweatings to have a balance of sweet and sour taste and they are suitable to be used in the production of syrup, soft drinks, jam, jelly, marmalade and vinegar.
Calcaneal Lateral Column Lengthening Osteotomy for Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot

Background: Existing methods of foot type classification based on foot morphology could be put into one of the 4 categories, including visual non-quantitative inspection, anthropometric values, footprint parameters and radiographic evaluation. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcome after calcaneal lateral column lengthening osteotomy in patients with symptomatic flexible flatfoot. Patient and Methods: This is clinical trial (pre-post intervention) included 18 patient with symptomatic flexible flatfoot who were admitted to Zagazig Orthopedic Department, with mean follow up period of 13.6±2.7 months. Results: Age was 9.05±1.89 with minimum 6 and maximum 13 years, and as regard sex distribution male were majority with 66.7%. There was significant improvement regarding talocalcaneal angle at anterior view from pre to 3, 6 and 12 months as it decreased from 46.94±5.19 to 29.66±2.86 at 3 months to 26.55±3.45 at 6 months and to 24.55±3.97 at 12 months. There was significant improvement regarding talocalcaneal angle at lateral view from pre to 3 months and also to 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: The advantages of calcaneal lengthening osteotomy are as follows: it is technically easy to be applied, has a low risk of neurovascular injury and low loss of blood. In addition, it allows other procedures to be applied in the future contrary to arthrodesis. If arthrodesis is required later in these feet, it will be far easier to do because of the corrected alignment of the foot.
NTP-Miner: Nonoverlapping Three-Way Sequential Pattern Mining

Nonoverlapping sequential pattern mining is an important type of sequential pattern mining (SPM) with gap constraints, which not only can reveal interesting patterns to users but also can effectively reduce the search space using the Apriori (anti-monotonicity) property. However, the existing algorithms do not focus on attributes of interest to users, meaning that existing methods may discover many frequent patterns that are redundant. To solve this problem, this article proposes a task called nonoverlapping three-way sequential pattern (NTP) mining, where attributes are categorized according to three levels of interest: strong, medium, and weak interest. NTP mining can effectively avoid mining redundant patterns since the NTPs are composed of strong and medium interest items. Moreover, NTPs can avoid serious deviations (the occurrence is significantly different from its pattern) since gap constraints cannot match with strong interest patterns. To mine NTPs, an effective algorithm is put forward, called NTP-Miner, which applies two main steps: support (frequency occurrence) calculation and candidate pattern generation. To calculate the support of an NTP, depth-first and backtracking strategies are adopted, which do not require creating a whole Nettree structure, meaning that many redundant nodes and parent–child relationships do not need to be created. Hence, time and space efficiency is improved. To generate candidate patterns while reducing their number, NTP-Miner employs a pattern join strategy and only mines patterns of strong and medium interest. Experimental results on stock market and protein datasets show that NTP-Miner not only is more efficient than other competitive approaches but can also help users find more valuable patterns. More importantly, NTP mining has achieved better performance than other competitive methods in clustering tasks. Algorithms and data are available at: https://github.com/wuc567/Pattern-Mining/tree/master/NTP-Miner.
Tilmicosin Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues in Healthy and Naturally Respiratory Infected Broilers

The goal of this study was to clarify the tilmicosin pharmacokinetics in healthy and naturally infected broiler with respiratory disorders (NRI). Tilmicosin achieved its Cmax after 3.01 and 2.63 h (Tmax) of administration, with values of 1.21 and 0.93 μg/ml, respectively, following single intracrop dose (25 mg/kg BW). Tilmicosin t0.5ab was 0.590.034 h & 0.590.02 h and t0.5el was 011.32 & 8.89 h, sequentially. Tilmicosin attained its Cmax following a single intramuscular injection (25 mg/kg BW, IM) after 1.51 & 1.56 h (Tmax), respectively, with values of 1.20 and 1.28 μg/ml. The t0.5ab (0.29 & 0.30 h) and t0.5el (7.07 & 5.04 h) of tilmicosin showed a clear reduction relative to intracrop dosing, serially. Tissue residues after repeated oral (75 mg/L of drinking water for 3 consecutive days) administration revealed a lower significant plasma tilmicosin concentration after all times of sampling in NRI chickens related to those of healthy ones. Tilmicosin residues was assayed in lung, kidney, liver, thigh and breast muscles, after "2h, 24 h, 3d, 5d, 7d, 9d and 11 days post tilmicosin stoppage. The highest residue values were found in the lungs, followed by the liver and kidneys, while the lowest irrelevant values were found in the thigh and breast muscles. Finally, tilmicosin has a fast absorption rate, a long elimination half-life, and substantial bloodto-tissue penetration, particularly in the lungs. Following repeated oral tilmicosin administration, the required withdrawal period is 9 d for thigh and breast muscles and 10 d for internal organs.
Cyber Law and Practice of Freedom of Speech on Internet: Pakistan Perspective

The study was conducted with the aim of exploring the prevailing cyber law, better called as, Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act -2016 (PECA-2016) with regard to practice of freedom of speech on internet in Pakistan. Having discussed in brief the regime for freedom of speech under constitution of Pakistan 1973 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which Pakistan is a party, so obliged legally and morally to obey it. A mix method, where exploratory sequential approach was employed to analyse the issue of violation of freedom of speech on technology by the application of stringent provisions of PECA-2016 by government authorities in Pakistan. Thematic analysis of interviews were done through NVivo and quantitative data was analyzed by using SPSS. Results highlighted that the prevailing cyber technology law in Pakistan is in clear contradiction with the regime for freedom of speech in Pakistan’s constitution and ICCPR. The study expressed that certain provisions of PECA-2016 are stringent and suppressed the voices of internet users. Nevertheless, it also appeals to the policy makers to repeal or amend the prevailing law of technology okand to make it in conformity with the legal regime for freedom of speech in Pakistan.
Submicron aerosol composition in the world's most polluted
megacity: The Delhi Aerosol Supersite campaign

Abstract. Delhi, India routinely experiences some of the world's highest urban particulate matter concentrations. We established the Delhi Aerosol Supersite campaign to provide long-term characterization of the ambient submicron aerosol composition in Delhi. Here we report on 1.25 years of highly time resolved speciated submicron particulate matter (PM1) data, including black carbon (BC) and non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1), which we combine to develop a composition-based estimate of PM1 (“C-PM1” = BC + NR-PM1) concentrations. We observed marked seasonal and diurnal variability in the concentration and composition of PM1 owing to the interactions of sources and atmospheric processes. Winter was the most polluted period of the year with average C-PM1 mass concentrations of ~210 μg m−3. Monsoon was hot and rainy, consequently making it the least polluted (C-PM1 ~50 μg m−3) period. Organics constituted more than half of the C-PM1 for all seasons and times of day. While ammonium, chloride and nitrate each were ~10% of the C-PM1 for the cooler months, BC and sulfate contributed ~5% each. For the warmer periods, the fractional contribution of BC and sulfate to C-PM1 increased and the chloride contribution decreased to less than 2%. The seasonal and diurnal variation in absolute mass loadings were generally consistent with changes in ventilation coefficients, with higher concentrations for periods with unfavorable meteorology—low planetary boundary layer height and low wind speeds. However, the variation in C-PM1 composition was influenced by temporally varying sources, photochemistry and gas-particle partitioning. During cool periods when wind was from the northwest, episodic hourly averaged chloride concentrations reached 50–100 μg m−3, ranking among the highest chloride concentrations reported anywhere in the world. We estimated the contribution of primary emissions and secondary processes to Delhi's submicron aerosol. Secondary species contributed almost 50–70% of Delhi's C-PM1 mass for the winter and spring months, and up to 60–80% for the warmer summer and monsoon months. For the cooler months that had the highest C-PM1 concentrations, the nighttime sources were skewed towards primary sources, while the daytime C-PM1 was dominated by secondary species. Overall, these findings point to the important effects of both primary emissions and more regional atmospheric chemistry on influencing the extreme particle concentrations that impact the Delhi megacity region. Future air quality strategies considering Delhi's situation in both a regional and local context will be more effective than policies targeting only local, primary air pollutants.
Optimization of Process Variables in the Biodiesel Production from Lophira lanceolata Seed Oil

Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize the process variables in alkaline-catalysed transesterification of oils from seeds of Lophira lanceolata into biodiesel following initial acid-catalysed esterification. The model equation obtained from regression analysis adequately express the relationship between the biodiesel yield and the process variables with R2 of 96.05%. The optimization result suggested the best combination of the process variables for optimum biodiesel yield of 85.0%, are: reaction temperature (500C); reaction time (120min); amount of methanol (6 cm3/g oil) and catalyst concentration (0.30 mol/dm-3). Validation yield of 83% compares favorably with the predicted value, showing that the model is reliable in describing the transesterification process. Results of GC-MS analysis of the biodiesel revealed it mainly consists of methyl esters of octadecenoic acid (69.5%), palmitic acid (9.4%) and hexacosanoic acid (5.6%). The biodiesel was very fluid with most of it fuel properties in conformity with ASTM standards making it suitable as fuel for diesel engines.
Stability and Electronic Properties of PtPd Nanoparticles via MD and DFT Calculations

The structural as well as electronic properties of PtPd nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations. A wide range of NPs of different sizes (from 1.5 to 4 nm), structures (core–shell, alloy, Janus), and compositions were taken into consideration. It was shown that PtPd NPs of less than ∼2.0 nm are prone to structural transformations to icosahedral (Ih) shape, regardless of their initial structure and composition. On the other hand, for NPs of size ∼2.5 nm, the increase of temperature up to 700–900 K leads to structural changes only for compositions close to 40% Pt, which corresponds to energetic minimum for Pt@Pd NPs. The Ih form of Pd@Pt NPs with monolayer thickness of Pt on the surface appears to have the most negatively charged surface which makes this kind of NPs the best candidate for catalysis application.
Composition for cultivating cordyceps and cultivating process using thereof

The present invention relates to cultivation of the composition and cultivation method using the same of the fungus, in particular, it is possible to maximize the efficacy of the fungus, the cultivation of the composition and cultivation method using the same of the fungus which to grow the fungus to tasteless, odorless It relates. Cultivation of the composition of the fungus according to the invention is characterized by containing a gluten, soy protein, and one material or an effective amount of a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of beer yeast.
Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Green Synthesis Method

As an emphasis on the synergistic interaction of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology, nanoparticles need to develop environmentally benign technologies in the synthesis of bio-synthesis and nanomaterials.Microorganisms, plants and fungi can be used as biodegradable agent material inthis field work. Thus, it was possible to develop a simple, fast and green method for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Various strategies are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Traditionally, physicochemical techniques have increased environmental con-cerns due to the reduction of metal ions followed by surface modification, toxiccompounds added for stability, and dangerous byproducts formed. At the time of nanoparticle synthesis by adding chemical and physical methods at high temperature and pressure, reducing and stabilizing agents; nanoparticle synthesis by biological methods; room temperature and pres-sure, reducing and stabilizing agents are needed. Green synthesis method; provides a faster metallic nanoparticle production by offering an environmentally friendly, simple, economi-cal and reproducible approach. Given the wide range of applications of metallic nanoparticles produced, biological methods play a major role in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles.
How diversified fuel‐fired power enterprises keep their competitive advantages to reach sustainable development

To decrease carbon emissions, there are three major methods, including developing renewable and clean energy, reducing energy intensity, and decreasing economic growth. However, China has set its economic growth at an annual rate of above 7.2% between 2000 and 2020. Therefore, to achieve the goal of carbon reduction, China will rely more on the development of renewable and clean energy. Conventional fuel‐fired power companies should synthesize economic, political, environmental, and technological factors and implement the most profitable renewable and clean energy projects. To gain a sustainable competitive advantage, diversified projects with persistent profits can theoretically change the industrial structure and the competitive rules. This article studies the relationship between diversification and economic performance. The results show that diversification in conventional fuel‐fired power companies is positively correlated with economic performance. Based on the results, this article proposes a diversification development direction and suggestions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 137–142, 2019
Electrical properties of O-self-doped boron-nitride nanotubes and the piezoelectric effects of their freestanding network film

Boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are a common one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure that possess piezoelectric potential due to ion-covalent boron-nitride (BN) bonding. Harnessing the advantages offered by high-stability BN structures, these materials have been used for various new applications such as nanogenerators, nanotransistors, and nano-artificial eardrums. In this paper, we used nano-iron oxide red as a catalyst and boron powder in an aqueous dispersion as the boron source to synthesize high-purity O-self-doped BNNTs and film. We investigated the electrical properties of O-self-doped BNNTs and the piezoelectricity of freestanding BNNT film and demonstrated that the electrical properties of O-self-doped BNNTs improved dramatically compared to those of non-doped BNNTs. We also analyzed the band gaps and density of states (DOS) of the O-self-doped BNNTs with the Spanish Initiative for Electronic Simulation with Thousands of Atoms (SIESTA) code to explain the improvement. In addition, we revealed the piezoelectric voltage coefficient g31 of O-self-doped BNNTs (0.28 V m N−1) network films, which can guide future applications for vibration nanosensors and transducers under extreme conditions.
Effect of gate structures on the DC and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

This work analyzes the effect of various gate structures on the DC and radio frequency (RF) performance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices with a 3 μm drain-to-source spacing, 125 μm gate width and 0.3 μm gate length in various gate structures were fabricated to achieve the desired frequency response with a robust, high yield, and repeatable process. The maximum drain current (IDS,max), maximum DC transconductance (gm), pinch-off voltage (Vth), current-gain cutoff frequency (fT), maximum oscillation frequency (fmax), and RF characteristics of the devices in terms of the small-signal gain and RF output power (Pout) at 8 GHz were investigated. The results showed that the output power is increased by 1 dB when the gate structure is changed from field plate to gamma gate. The Vth, gm, fT and fmax values are maximized when the thickness of the passivation layer between the gate foot and the gate head is minimized. It is shown that the IDS,max is decreased and Pout is increased when the gate recess etching process is performed.
Isolation and characterization of lignin from beech wood and chestnut sawdust for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from wood industry side-streams

Abstract Lignin was isolated through mild acidolysis from local wood sources such as beech wood and chestnut wood sawdust, a high-volume side product of wood industries. The lignin fractions were characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR) spectroscopies and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The Klason lignin (KL) content and polysaccharide composition were determined using traditional methods. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared via a non-solvent method involving dialysis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopies. Semi-porous as well as hollow nanoparticles endowed with a spherical shape were observed. The large majority of the LNPs exhibited an average particle diameter of 90–120 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that both distribution and frequency of dimensional classes of LNPs are clearly affected by the lignin solvent system, i.e. solvent selection governs the size distribution of LNPs.
Particulate Coatings with Optimized Haze Properties

The haze factor, which describes the fraction of light that is scattered when passing through a transparent material, is of general importance for any optical device, from milk glass shielding visibility while providing ambient lighting to solar cells that are optimized by sophisticated light management layers. Often, such active layers are fabricated from particulate materials that are deposited as thin films on a substrate. Here, the effect of structural arrangement, position, and orientation of particles on the resulting haze factor is investigated. A mathematical optimization model that iteratively alters the particle layer structure to maximize or minimize the haze factor for a range of optimization scenarios is designed. Colloidal self‐assembly techniques are then used to replicate typical particle structures found in the optimized designs and correlate the macroscopically measured haze values to the predictions of the optimization. The results indicate general design rules that control the haze value in particle layers. Non close‐packed structures with distributed scatterers and high degrees of order provide minimal haze values while chain‐like arrangements and small clusters maximize the haze of a particle layer. Finally, the findings are transferred to metal nanohole films as model transparent electrodes with controlled haze values.