Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of intelligent temperature measurement based on optic fiber

The Sagnac loop mirror of high birefringence fiber is developing greater more than other fiber because it has the advantages of high precision, wide spectrum and simple structure in applications. In this paper, general theory of Sagnac loop mirror of high birefringence fiber is presented. Since Sagnac loop mirror of high birefringence fiber is more sensitive to its environmental temperature, an intelligent temperature measurement system based on Sagnac loop mirror of high birefringence fiber is designed. A 1550nm-laser is used as source light going through the high birefringence fiber Sagnac loop mirror. The amplitude of output beam is converted into electrical signals with Photo-Diode (PD), and the signal is collected by the MCU(Microcontroller Unit) to complete the analog-digital conversion. After calibration, the temperature is calculated, and then shown on LCD displayer. Various parts of the electronic measurement system are introduced in details, containing MCU C8051F020 with microcontroller, its internal AD-convert, calibration program and measurement program of temperature.The fiber optic temperature measurement system is compact, solid with good portability, as well as independent real-time analysis of data processing capability. It’s provides a good preliminary basis for implementation the new fiber-optic temperature measurement system. And this system has broad application prospects of a good practice. The arrangement of temperature measurement is from 30°C to 50°C with accuracy ±0.2°C in recent research experiment.
Explainable multi-hop dense question answering using knowledge bases and text

Much research has been conducted extracting a response from either text sources or a knowledge base (KB). The challenge becomes more complicated when the goal is to answer a question with the help of both text and KB. In these hybrid systems, we address the following challenges: i) excessive growth of search space, ii) extraction of the answer from both KB and text, iii) extracting the path to reach to the answer. A heterogeneous graph is utilized to tackle the first challenge guided by question decomposition. The second challenge is met with the usage of the idea behind an existing text-based method, and its customization for graph development. Based on this method for multi-hop questions, an approach is proposed for the extraction of answer explanation to address the third challenge. Evaluation reveals that the proposed method has the ability to extract answers in an acceptable time, while offering competitive accuracy and has created a trade-off between performance and accuracy in comparison with the base methods.
Imputation of Missing Traffic Data during Holiday Periods

Abstract Highway and transportation agencies implement large-scale traffic monitoring programs to fulfill the planning, operation and management needs of highway systems. These monitoring programs typically use inductive loops as detectors to collect traffic data. Because of the harsh environment in which they operate, they are highly prone to malfunctioning and providing erroneous or missing data. If this occurs during holiday periods when the increase in highway traffic is often substantial, there is a good chance that traffic peaking and variation will be underestimated. This paper discusses the adaptability of available imputation techniques for holiday traffic and then introduces a new procedure using non-parametric regression – the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method. It is found that the performance of the k-NN method is consistent and reasonable for different holidays and types of highway. In addition, it is also concluded that the data requirements for this method are flexible.
Critical Incidents in Teaching: Developing Professional Judgement

Good teachers use good techniques and routines, but techniques and routines alone do not produce good teaching. The real art of teaching lies in teachers' professional judgement because in teaching there is seldom one "right answer". This combination of experience, flexibility, informed opinion and constant self-monitoring is not easy to acquire, but in this re-released classic edition of Critical Incidents in Teaching – in print since 1993 and which includes a new introduction from the author - David Tripp shows how teachers can draw on their own classroom experience to develop it. In this practical and unique guide, the author offers a range of strategies for approaching critical incidents and gives advice on how to develop a critical incident file. Illustrated with numerous classroom examples for discussion and reflection, Critical Incidents in Teaching is for everyone concerned with the development of professionalism in teaching. Although aimed at teachers who want to improve their own practice and pass on their expertise to others, it is also part of David’s long term agenda to improve the public status of teaching and to encourage more inductive research in education; he sees classrooms as situations to be explained rather than as places in which to apply theories developed in other disciplines.
A low-g electrostatically actuated resonant switch

This work investigates a new concept of an electrostatically actuated resonant switch (EARS) for earthquake detection and low-g seismic applications. The resonator is designed to operate close to the instability bands of frequency–response curves, where it is forced to collapse dynamically (pull-in) if operated within these bands. By careful tuning, the resonator can be made to enter the pull-in instability zone upon the detection of the earthquake signal, thereby snapping down as an electric switch. Such a switching action can be functionalized for alarming purposes or can be used to activate a network of sensors for seismic activity recording. The EARS is modeled and its dynamic response is simulated using a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom model. Experimental investigation is conducted demonstrating the EARS’ capability of being triggered at small levels of acceleration as low as 0.02g. Results for the switching events for several levels of low-g accelerations using both theory and experiments are presented and compared.
From Secure to Military-Grade: Exploring the Effect of App Descriptions on User Perceptions of Secure Messaging

Although end-to-end encryption (E2EE) is more widely available than ever before, many users remain confused about its security properties. As a result, even users with access to E2EE tools turn to less secure alternatives for sending private information. To investigate these issues, we conducted a 357-participant online user study analyzing how explanations of security impact user perceptions. In a between-subjects design, we varied the terminology used to detail the security mechanism, whether encryption was on by default, and the prominence of security in an app-store-style description page. We collected participants' perceptions of the tool's utility for privacy, security against adversaries, and whether use of the tool would be seen as "paranoid. '' Compared to "secure,'' describing the tool as "encrypted'' or "military-grade encrypted'' increased perceptions that it was appropriate for privacy-sensitive tasks, whereas describing it more precisely as "end-to-end encrypted'' did not. However, "military-grade encrypted'' was also associated with a greater perception of tool use as paranoid. Overall, we find that --- compared to prior work from 2006 --- the social stigma associated with encrypted communication has largely disappeared.
User-Defined Gestures with Physical Props in Virtual Reality

When interacting with virtual reality (VR) applications like CAD and open-world games, people may want to use gestures as a means of leveraging their knowledge from the physical world. However, people may prefer physical props over handheld controllers to input gestures in VR. We present an elicitation study where 21 participants chose from 95 props to perform manipulative gestures for 20 CAD-like and open-world game-like referents. When analyzing this data, we found existing methods for elicitation studies were insufficient to describe gestures with props, or to measure agreement with prop selection (i.e., agreement between sets of items). We proceeded by describing gestures as context-free grammars, capturing how different props were used in similar roles in a given gesture. We present gesture and prop agreement scores using a generalized agreement score that we developed to compare multiple selections rather than a single selection. We found that props were selected based on their resemblance to virtual objects and the actions they afforded; that gesture and prop agreement depended on the referent, with some referents leading to similar gesture choices, while others led to similar prop choices; and that a small set of carefully chosen props can support multiple gestures.
Multi-channel Tactile Feedback Based on User Finger Speed

Alongside vision and sound, hardware systems can be readily designed to support various forms of tactile feedback; however, while a significant body of work has explored enriching visual and auditory communication with interactive systems, tactile information has not received the same level of attention. In this work, we explore increasing the expressivity of tactile feedback by allowing the user to dynamically select between several channels of tactile feedback using variations in finger speed. In a controlled experiment, we show that a user can learn the dynamics of eyes-free tactile channel selection among different channels, and can reliable discriminate between different tactile patterns during multi-channel selection with an accuracy up to 90% when using two finger speed levels. We discuss the implications of this work for richer, more interactive tactile interfaces.
Plausible Deniability for Anonymous Communication

The rigorous analysis of anonymous communication protocols and formal privacy goals have proven to be difficult to get right. Formal privacy notions as in the current state of the art based on indistinguishability games simplify analysis. Achieving them, however can incur prohibitively high overhead in terms of latency. Definitions based on function views, albeit less investigated, might imply less overhead but aren't directly comparable to state of the art notions, due to differences in the model. In this paper, we bridge the worlds of indistinguishability game and function view based notions by introducing a new game: the "Exists INDistinguishability" (E-IND), a weak notion that corresponds to what is informally sometimes termed Plausible Deniability. By intuition, for every action in a system achieving plausible deniability there exists an equally plausible, alternative that results in observations that an adversary cannot tell apart. We show how this definition connects the early formalizations of privacy based on function views[13] to recent game-based definitions. This enables us to link, analyze, and compare existing efforts in the field.
FTY720 Effects on Inflammation and Liver Damage in a Rat Model of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Objective Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) produces systemic inflammation with the potential for causing organ failure in tissues peripheral to the initial site of injury. We speculate that treatment strategies that dampen inflammation may be therapeutically beneficial to either the initial site of injury or peripheral organs. To test this, we evaluated the impact of FTY720-induced sequestration of circulating mature lymphocytes on renal IRI and secondary organ injury. Methods A microvascular clamp was surgically placed around the left renal pedicle of anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats with either vehicle or FTY720 treatment (0.3 mg/kg) intravenously injected after 15 min of ischemia. Blood flow was restored after 60 min. Cohorts of anesthetized rats were euthanized at 6, 24, or 72 hrs with tissue samples collected for analysis. Results FTY720 treatment resulted in profound T lymphocyte reduction in peripheral blood. Histopathologic examination, clinical chemistries, and gene transcript expression measurements revealed that FTY720 treatment reduced hepatocellular degeneration, reduced serum markers of liver injury (ALT/AST), and reduced the expression of gene targets associated with IRI. Conclusion These findings support an anti-inflammatory effect of FTY720 in the liver where the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, chemotaxis, and the AP-1 transcription factor was reduced. Findings presented here provide the basis for future studies evaluating FTY720 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat complications resulting from renal IRI.
Role of extracellular polymeric substances on biocorrosion initiation or inhibition

Oil and gas industry is built of complex systems, which are vulnerable to microbial activity. Investigating microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in order to improve the understating of this process constitutes an immense challenge. Microorganisms accumulate on the steel surface, forming biofilms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS provide the reaction space for the metal–surface interactions. The serious economic impact of MIC has lead to the understanding that development of efficient solutions strongly depends on application of multidisciplinary approaches. This study was focused on characterising the diversity of microorganisms present in the oil and gas field and on the assessment of the influence of bacterial EPS on biocorrosion processes. The first main goal was achieved by use of culture–dependent and molecular biology techniques. For the second goal, the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio alaskensis AL1, was used as a model organism. An extraction protocol of EPS secreted by this bacterium was developed. Isolated EPS were used for further investigations, which included i) its composition analysis, ii) studies of the influence of carbon steel and flow conditions in a bioreactor on its secretion patterns and iii) its influence on the steel stability, which was investigated by means of corrosion potential monitoring, linear polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. EPS moieties adsorbed to the carbon steel were identified with use of X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
A Hybrid Mode Task Offloading Algorithm for Edge Computing

Wireless devices (WDs) connected to the Internet usually have limited computing capacity and battery power. Task offloading enables these devices to support applications with complex computing tasks, reduce task execution delay and save power. We consider a device-to-device (D2D) assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system, in which WDs can not only offload tasks to MEC server through cellular link, but also offload tasks to nearby idle devices through D2D link. However, the hybrid mode task offloading environment is non-stationary, and the wireless channel states and workloads of the auxiliary devices (ADs) providing offloading service are dynamic and uncertain, which brings great challenges to the offloading. We comprehensively consider the delay and energy consumption in the offloading. Based on the multi-armed bandit theory (MAB), an offloading algorithm named PhtBandit is proposed. PhtBandit also uses page-hinkley test to detect the changes of available resources of the ADs, and can adaptively adjust the exploration reward of MAB based on the task size. PhtBandit can run on WDs with limited resources, and the results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively reduce the offloading cost compared with other algorithms.
Recent Progress of Graphene-Based Photoelectrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Graphite with a single atomic layer known as graphene shows great capability in energy conversion and storage devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted intense interests due to offering high photo-to-electric conversion efficiencies. DSSCs are built from a photoelectrode (a dye-sensitized nanocrystalline semiconductor), an electrolyte with redox couples, and a counterelectrode. In this review article, we outline the strategies to enhance the efficiency and reduce the cost by introducing graphene into the DSSCs as the photoelectrode. First, the development of DSSCs and the properties of graphene are briefly described. Then, the applications of graphene-based materials for photoelectrodes (transparent electrode, semiconductor layer, and dye sensitizer) in DSSCs are deeply discussed. Finally, an outlook for graphene materials in DSSCs is provided.
5.5.2 Efficient and Effective Systems Integration and Verification Planning Using a Model‐Centric Environment

There is an increasing interest in Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practices in academia and industry. The majority of research and adoption in industry is relevant to the early phases of the system life‐cycle, where model‐based design is expected to provide improved results during system development. However, little attention has been paid to the application of such methodology to later phases of the development, and in particular to system integration and verification of the actual manufactured system, which continues to be done in the traditional document‐centric environment. This paper proposes a model‐centric environment for system integration and verification activities at the end of the development cycle and presents benefits in effectiveness and efficiency in planning system integration and verification activities for a system under a model‐centric environment.
Stacked Ensemble Learning Based Approach for Anomaly Detection in IoT Environment

Machine learning based anomaly detection systems have gained prominence in field of Internet of Things (IoT) due to their effectiveness in dealing with security and privacy issues. Internet of things has manifold applications possible with aid of effective integration of sensors, databases, machines and services at work. Due to increasing use of IoT-based architectures, attacks and anomaly detection has become a crucial part for functioning of IoT. The basic goal of an anomaly detection system is to verify whether the behavior of the system is normal or unfaithful actions are being taken by system. Anomaly detection systems are used for detection of attacks and anomalies right from denial-of-service to malicious operations that may cause disruption to IoT-based systems. A variety of machine learning algorithms have been used for the purpose of anomaly and attack detection. In this paper, we analyzed different machine learning algorithms and compared it against our proposed Stacked ensemble learning model. Evaluation metrics used for comparison of various machine learning algorithms against our proposed stacked ensemble learning model include F1 score, precision, accuracy, recall, and area under ROC curve. The proposed system is found to have an accuracy of 99.8% that is superior in comparison to most traditional machine learning algorithms. The proposed stacked ensemble learning model could be effectively used for improving the existing anomaly detection system.
Solar Radiation Effect on Solar Powered Pump Performance of an Automatic Sprinkler System

The depletion of conventional energy leads to a quest for alternative renewable energy abundant in Indonesia. Solar-powered equipment is sufficient in South Sumatra, which is blessed with high irradiance all year long. This paper presents the application of solar energy in generating electricity to power an automatic sprinkler system. Two 100 Wp solar panels are installed to harvest solar irradiance. The high solar irradiance leads to more increased water flow pumped by the solar power pump, in which the highest irradiance received by the PV panels was 1636.7 W/m2. The minimum irradiance needed by the solar-powered pump to operate is 500 W/m2. The experiment was conducted for 30 days to show the PV panel performance, where the highest power produced by 2 PV panels was 148W, and the maximum water pumped was 0.0113 m3. The experiment shows that the solar irradiance in Tanjung Enim is sufficient to power an automatic sprinkler system.
Press ${@}{\$}{@}{\$}$ to Login: Strong Wearable Second Factor Authentication via Short Memorywise Effortless Typing Gestures

The use of wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches) in two factor authentication (2FA) is fast emerging, as wearables promise better usability compared to smartphones. Still, the current deployments of wearable 2FA have significant usability and security issues. Specifically, one-time PIN-based wearable 2FA (PIN-2FA) requires noticeable user effort to open the app and copy random PINs from the wearable to the login terminal's (desktop/laptop) browser. An alternative approach, based on one-tap approvals via push notifications (Tap-2FA), relies upon user decision making to thwart attacks and is prone to skip-through. Both approaches are also vulnerable to traditional phishing attacks. To address this security-usability tension, we introduce a fundamentally different design of wearable 2FA, called SG-2FA, involving wrist-movement “seamless gestures” captured near transparently by the second factor wearable device while the user types a very short special sequence on the browser during the login process. The typing of the special sequence creates a wrist gesture that when identified correctly uniquely associates the login attempt with the device's owner. The special sequence can be fixed (e.g., “${@}{\$}{@}{\$}$”), does not need to be a secret, and does not need to be memorized (could be simply displayed on the browser). This design improves usability over PIN-2FA since only this short sequence has to be typed as part of the login process (no interaction with or diversion of attention to the wearable and copying of random PINs is needed). It also greatly improves security compared to Tap-2FA since the attacker can not succeed in login unless the user's wrist is undergoing the exact same gesture at the exact same time. Moreover, the approach is phishing-resistant and privacy-preserving (unlike behavioral biometrics). Our results show that SG-2FA incurs only minimal errors in both benign and adversarial settings based on appropriate parameterizations.
Design of Octagonal FSS Based Radome Wall for Broadband Airborne Application

In this work, a design study of octagonal shape FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) based type A-sandwich radome wall is proposed for broadband airborne application. The type A-sandwich structure comprises composite materials of low density core layer sandwiched between two high density dielectric skin layers. Further to enhance the EM performance analysis over complete frequency band of 6.3 GHz – 11.9 GHz, the FSS structure is embedded in the core layer of type A-sandwich dielectric wall. The analysis of radome wall EM performance parameters are computed depend on TLM (equivalent transmission line method). A comparative analysis of EM performance is carried at normal as well as higher incident angles of 10°, 20° and 30° for both TE and TM polarization. The analysis shows the characteristics of FSS based type A-sandwich radome wall are superior as compared to conventional A-sandwich radome wall configuration. The designing and simulation approach involves a high frequency electromagnetic simulation tool.