Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prikaz metodoloških i analitičkih pristupa u mikrorazvojnim istraživanjima

Ovaj rad opisuje metodologiju mikrorazvojnih istraživanja, te sadrži pregled najcescih pristupa u analizi mikrorazvojnih podataka. Pod mikrorazvojnim istraživanjima podrazumijeva se metodoloski pristup u kojem se ispitanici opetovano u relativno kratkim vremenskim intervalima izlažu situaciji ucenja kako bi se istraživali procesi promjena u znanju, vjestinama i razumijevanju (Granott i Parziale, 2002). Blizina i intenzitet opažanja u tim istraživanja, kao i bogatstvo prikupljenih (kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih) podataka, omogucuje pristup tekucim procesima ucenja, kao i pracenje toga kako ucenici konstruiraju novo znanje i razvijaju strategije rada na zadacima. Zbog detaljnosti podataka o doživljajima i ponasanjima pojedinih ispitanika u vrijeme promjena, metoda je prikladna za ispitivanje individualnih razlika u procesima ucenja i razvoja. Složenost metodologije mikrorazvojnih istraživanja nije, međutim, dovoljno pracena uporabom prikladnih analitickih postupaka. Priroda i struktura podataka iz mikrorazvojnih istraživanja ne odgovara zahtjevima standardnih analitickih metoda (npr. analizi varijance), a primjenom iskljucivo deskriptivnih analiza i grafickog prikazivanja podataka ispustaju se važni podaci o procesima promjena, i onemogucuje se testiranje složenih istraživackih hipoteza. Statisticko modeliranje mikrorazvojnih podataka predstavlja obecavajuce analiticko rjesenje, ali tek treba uci u siru primjenu. U radu su ukratko prikazani primjeri modeliranja podataka koje predlažu Cheshire i sur. (2007). (IN ENGLISH: This article describes a microgenetic methodology and presents an overview of the most frequently-used approaches in microgenetic data analysis. The microgenetic method is a methodology in which subjects are repeatedly exposed to learning situations in relatively short-time spans, which allows for the investigation of the process of change in knowledge, abilities and understanding (Granott and Parziale, 2002). The density and intensity of observations, as well as the richness of data (both qualitative and quantitative) gathered in the research, allow access to ongoing processes of learning and insight into how learners construct new knowledge and develop strategies on tasks. Because of the rich data produced on learners' experiences and reactions in the period of change, this method is applicable for examining individual differences in the process of learning and development. However, the complexity of microgenetic methodology is often not complemented with the application of adequate analytic procedures. While the nature and structure of microgenetic data do not adequately correspond with the requirements of standard analytic methods (e.g. ANOVA), the exclusive use of descriptive analysis and graphical representation of data neglects important data on change processes and makes testing of complex research hypotheses impossible. Statistical modeling of microgenetic data is a promising analytic tool, but is still not used widely. This article introduces examples of such modeling, as proposed by Cheshire et al. (2007). )
Hydrogen Storage in Nanocavities

Hydrogen, because of its large combustion heat, 572 kJ/mol, three times that of gasolines, and an environmentally compatible byproduct, water, is being considered as an alternative to fossil fuels derivatives; particularly in vehicular applications. The application of hydrogen as combustible in mobile technologies involves three challenges: the production from the water splitting, for instance; the availability of a reversible, safe and economically viable storage method; and its use through appropriate fuel cells where the chemical energy is directly transformed in electricity. Nature practically has no free H 2 . From this fact, H 2 must be produced. It is a secondary energy bearer, not a primary source like petroleum. The storage is probably the main of these challenges because H 2 has very low critical temperature (Tc = 32.97 K) and at ordinary temperatures it is supercritical gas. The H 2 liquefaction is possible when the strength for the H 2 -H 2 interactions (of van der Waals and quadrupole-quadrupole type) surpasses the thermal energy (kT). This suggests the possibility of be able the H 2 storage at temperatures above Tc through a strong H 2 -surface interaction in solids of extended surface, layered or nanoporous materials, for instance. In this contribution the possible H 2 - surface interactions that could be present in such storage method and their relative contributions to the H 2 adsorption energy in materials of extended surface are discussed. The role of these interactions is dicussed from experimental results on H 2 in nanocavities. The state of art and perspectives on this storage method are also evaluated.
Prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from inmates of the Manila City Jail, characterization for SCCmec type and occurrence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has established itself as a significant cause of hospital and community-acquired infections worldwide. Resistance to methicillin compromises clinical treatment options, as it results in cross resistances to all other β-lactam antibiotics, which are the most commonly prescribed antibacterial agents. The study determined the prevalence of MRSA among inmates of the Manila City Jail with and without pyoderma, their antibiograms (susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents), SCCmec type and occurrence of the lukslukf Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence gene among the isolates. Methicillin resistance was determined using oxacillin and cefoxitin discs and the detection of mecA gene and its product, PBP2a. The MRSA isolates were studied for their SCCmec types and for the presence of the PVL gene using multiplex polymerized chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 78% of 105 inmates M with pyoderma, 41% of which were resistant to methicillin, giving an overall prevalence rate of 32% among the infected inmates. Nasal carriage rates of S. aureus and MRSA among 104 inmates without pyoderma were 12% and 5%, respectively. All MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin; 35% and 44% were susceptible to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin was seen in 59% and 50%, respectively, while 6% were resistant to each of erythromycin and clindamycin. PBP2a and mecA gene were present in 94% of the 35 MRSA isolates tested. SCCmec type IV was demonstrated in 30 of the 33 isolates with mecA gene, while the remaining three were of SCCmec type I. PVL gene was detected in 83% of MRSA isolates. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplicons from representative isolates studied all showed a G to C transversion at position 1004 of the luks-lukf gene, resulting in the substitution of valine (GTT) with leucine (CTT). This is the first report on the prevalence of MRSA carrying SCCmec type IV and the PVL genes in the Philippines and in a jail setting. Type IV mecA is the most easily transferred SCCmec, and its acquisition converts methicillin susceptible strains to resistance, while luks-lukf PVL is a composite of virulence genes that results in more serious infections. The study shows that community-acquired infection with this strain exists, and can be a growing problem that has to be fully addressed immediately to prevent further spread not only within the crowded penitentiary, but in the community as well.
Solution of Einstein's Geometrical Gravitational Field Equations Exterior to Astrophysically Real or Hypothetical Time Varying Distributions of Mass within Regions of Spherical Geometry

Here, we present a profound and complete analytical solution to Einstein’s gravitational field equations exterior to astrophysically real or hypothetical time varying distributions of mass or pressure within regions of spherical geometry. The single arbitrary function f in our proposed exterior metric tensor and constructed field equations makes our method unique, mathematically less combersome and astrophysically satisfactory. The obtained solution of Einstein’s gravitational field equations tends out to be a generalization of Newton’s gravitational scalar potential exterior to the spherical mass or pressure distribution under consideration.
The development and application of a simulation system for diffusion-weighted MRI

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is a powerful, non-invasive imaging technique that allows us to infer the structure of biological tissue. It is particularly well suited to the brain, and is used by clinicians and researchers studying its structure in health and disease. High quality data is required to accurately characterise tissue structure with DW-MRI. Obtaining such data requires the careful optimisation of the image acquisition and processing pipeline, in order to maximise image quality and minimise artefacts. This thesis extends an existing MRI simulator to create a simulation system capable of producing realistic DW-MR data, with artefacts, and applies it to improve the acquisition and processing of such data. The simulator is applied in three main ways. Firstly, a novel framework for evaluating post-processing techniques is proposed and applied to assess commonly used strategies for the correction of motion, eddy-current and susceptibility artefacts. Secondly, it is used to explore the often overlooked susceptibility-movement interaction. It is demonstrated that this adversely impacts analysis of DW-MRI data, and a simple modification to the acquisition scheme is suggested to mitigate its impact. Finally, the simulation is applied to develop a new tool to perform automatic quality control. Simulated data is used to train a classifier to detect movement artefacts in data, with performance approaching that of a classifier trained on real data whilst requiring much less manually-labelled training data. It is hoped that both the findings in this thesis and the simulation tool itself will benefit the DW-MRI community. To this end, the tool is made freely available online to aid the development and validation of methods for acquiring and processing DW-MRI data.
Therapieentscheidung zur Thrombektomie: Rolle der zerebralen Bildgebung

Zusammenfassung Der ischämische Schlaganfall ist eine potenziell reversible Erkrankung und bedarf einer schnellen Diagnostik und Therapie. Unbehandelt kann er innerhalb kürzester Zeit persistierende Behinderung oder Tod zur Folge haben. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Techniken der nicht invasiven zerebralen Bildgebung erläutert und speziell ihre Rolle für die Therapieentscheidung zur Thrombektomie dargelegt.
Limiting Amino Acid Responses in Commercial Broilers

Abstract A level of dietary crude protein (CP) is usually specified in least cost formulation for commercial broilers. A better understanding of less limiting amino acid needs (i.e., threonine, isoleucine, and valine) may allow nutritionists to better understand the minimum levels of CP needed, thereby minimizing marginal excesses of the less limiting amino acids. The efficiency of poultry production decreases during periods of hot weather conditions, and the impact of environmental temperature on the less limiting amino acids is poorly understood. The interactive effects of dietary lysine, threonine, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were evaluated in two experiments in growing broilers reared in thermoneutral and hot temperature conditions. Experiment 1 was conducted in hot temperature conditions and indicated that threonine needs of growing and finishing broilers to optimize feed conversion may be affected by the starter level of dietary lysine. In addition, some amino acid treatments decreased hot temperature-related mortality of broilers indicating the need for amino acid-balanced diets in periods of hot temperature conditions. An isoleucine response occurred in breast meat yield in Experiment 2 indicating the importance of meeting an isoleucine minimum in dietary formulation for growing broilers.
Chemical composition, digestibility and in situ degradability of narbon vetch grain and straw grown in a Mediterranean region

Apparent digestibility of narbon vetch ( Vicia narbonensis)grain and straw were mea- sured using four Chios wether sheep per foodstuff. In another trial, the in situ degradation of narbon vetch grain and straw in the rumen of three Chios ewes were measured. The crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility values were 23.4 and 87.6 for narbon vetch grain and 7.4 and 44.8% for narbon vetch straw. In vivo apparent digestion coefficients of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and CP were for narbon vetch grain 78, 80 and 75% and for narbon vetch straw 44, 42 and 47%, respec- tively. The effective degradability (outflow rate 0.05 .h -1 ) for narbon vetch grain and straw were for CP 74 and 31% (corrected for microbial contamination) and for DM 64 and 36%, respectively.
Changes in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 Membrane Stability upon Growth in the Presence of Soluble Mn(II), V(IV), and U(VI)

In natural reducing environments, such as anoxic sediments and soils, bacteria may be exposed to high concentrations of soluble transition metals. The aim of this study was to identify physiological and biochemical adaptations of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 membranes to soluble Mn(II), V(IV), and U(VI). We assessed responses of CN32 to these metals, in aerobic and anaerobic cultures, by means of membrane fluidity and fatty acid composition assays. During aerobic growth, all metals had a stabilizing effect on fluidity, while under anoxic conditions this was only observed for bacteria treated with U(VI). Membrane gel-to-fluid phase transition temperatures were higher under anaerobic conditions and were not affected by the metal treatments. Fatty acid desaturation demonstrated linear correlation with significant increases in membrane fluidity, despite metal treatments that did not significantly alter fatty acid chemistry. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) at Mn 2p- and V 2p-edges revealed that both Mn(II) and V(IV) were associated with CN32 membranes, with V(IV) associating as VO2+ under anoxic conditions only. The results of this study indicate that the bacterial growth environment greatly impacts membrane chemistry and stability, with overall implications for in vitro as well as in situ studies. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Please go to the publisher's online edition of Geomicrobiology Journal to view the supplemental file.
Nano-motion stage for high speed and precision positioning on an X-Y plane

Precision positioning technology with high speed on an X-Y plane which was a coplanar coupling type required a manufacturing inspection for semiconductor and flat display areas, and so on. However, a precise positioning technology with high-speed motion had not been established on the X-Y plane which was coplanar without rotation around a Z axis yet. The authors proposed a new actuator called "Nano-Motion Actuator (NMA)" for track following on a spin-stand that evaluated magnetic heads and media for high density magnetic recording. We applied technologies of the NMA to a new actuator mechanism that had two degrees of freedom called "Nano-Motion Stage (NMS). " A pair of the NMAs was arranged in the directions of the X and Y axes to join two adjacent sides of a floating stage through a pair of parallel links. The floating stage was supported by four directionally elastic springs. As the parallel link changed from a quadrangle to a parallelogram, the floating stage rotation was effectively suppressed by a translational motion. The NMS could be realized a high resonance frequency and a high crossover frequency for its open-loop transfer function. As a result, the position of the NMS could be controlled on the X-Y plane which was coplanar with high speed and subnanometer precision.
İŞLETMELERDE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM ANLAYIŞI VE MUHASEBE BİLGİ SİSTEMİ İLİŞKİSİ: İMKB–100 ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Problem Statement: Recent international financial crises have shaken the confidence in capital markets. The concept “corporate governance” has been developed in order to make enterprises reliable and strong corporations and to regain the lost confidence in markets. Enterprises need wellorganized and smooth-running information systems in order to establish reliable and strong structures. The most important one among business information systems is accounting information system. The accounting information system assumes great responsibilities in the development of the sense of corporate governance and in taking the necessary precautions for that purpose and in presenting the implementation results to authorities. Research Aims: The purpose of this study is to statistically determine and explain the difference between the sense of corporate governance and accounting information system in enterprises. For that purpose, an empirical study has been conducted on the companies in ISE-100 index. Method: The data of the study has been obtained from the managers of the companies traded in ISE-100 index between 01.02. 2008 and 31.07. 2008. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses have been used in the study of the data. Findings and Results: At the end of the study, it has been concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between accounting information system and the sense of corporate governance. In addition, there has been discovered a statistically strong positive correlation between the principles of accounting information system, namely, “Reporting Principle”, Principle of Organizational Structure”, “Principle of Clarity and Understandability” and “Principle of Data Collection and Processing” and the principles of corporate governance. Proposals: The study has concluded that there is a considerable positive correlation between the sense of corporate governance and accounting information system. In this context, importance should be attached to the accounting information system in order to ensure a successful application of corporate governance in enterprises and to present solutions to the problems experienced. The reason for this is that the accounting information system and the sense of corporate governance form a synergy for an effective management
Machine translation and its approaches

Language is a medium of communication for different cultures around the world. The communication between two cultures is blocked by language barrier. To solve the problem machine translation approach is widely used which is a software used to translate a text or speech from one language to another. It can be referred to as automatic or instant translation as it is much faster in comparison to human translation. Machine translation plays a very important role and in highly applicable in both individual and business areas. The translation system can be either bilingual or multilingual. Most of the machine translation is bidirectional translation which can be either translated from source language to target language or from target language to source language. Otherwise it is unidirectional which can be translated only from source language to target language. It has many approaches for automatic translation of language. This paper focusses on three different approaches, the rule-based machine translation, the corpus-based machine translation and the hybrid-based approach. Each of these approaches has its own pros and cons. We also present several challenges faced in the translation of languages. Also, the metrics for measuring the performance or the accuracy of the machine translation output have been mentioned. There are still several works required to develop completely automatic translation system. The performances of the translation system are still unsatisfactory especially in low resource language. As language is evolutionary in nature, there are still vase areas to cover in machine translation system.
Automated segmentation of hippocampal subfields from ultra‐high resolution in vivo MRI

Recent developments in MRI data acquisition technology are starting to yield images that show anatomical features of the hippocampal formation at an unprecedented level of detail, providing the basis for hippocampal subfield measurement. However, a fundamental bottleneck in MRI studies of the hippocampus at the subfield level is that they currently depend on manual segmentation, a laborious process that severely limits the amount of data that can be analyzed. In this article, we present a computational method for segmenting the hippocampal subfields in ultra‐high resolution MRI data in a fully automated fashion. Using Bayesian inference, we use a statistical model of image formation around the hippocampal area to obtain automated segmentations. We validate the proposed technique by comparing its segmentations to corresponding manual delineations in ultra‐high resolution MRI scans of 10 individuals, and show that automated volume measurements of the larger subfields correlate well with manual volume estimates. Unlike manual segmentations, our automated technique is fully reproducible, and fast enough to enable routine analysis of the hippocampal subfields in large imaging studies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogeographic structure suggests multiple glacial refugia in northern Victoria Land for the endemic Antarctic springtail Desoria klovstadi (Collembola, Isotomidae)

We carried out a phylogeographic study using mtDNA (COII) for the endemic springtail Desoria klovstadi (formerly Isotoma klovstadi) from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Low levels of sequence divergence (≤ 1.6%) across 26 unique haplotypes (from 69 individuals) were distributed according to geographic location. Cape Hallett and Daniell Peninsula contained the highest nucleotide (both > 0.004) and haplotype (both > 0.9) diversity with 10 (of 16) and 8 (of 12) unique haplotypes, respectively. All other populations (Football Saddle, Crater Cirque, Cape Jones) had lower diversity with 2–4 unique haplotypes. Across the 69 individuals from five populations there was only a single haplotype shared between two populations (Daniell Peninsula and Football Saddle). Furthermore, nested clade analyses revealed that some of the Daniell Peninsula haplotypes were more closely related to Football Saddle haplotypes than to any other population. Such discrete haplotype groupings suggest historical (rare) dispersal across the Pleistocene (1.8 mya−11 kya) and Holocene (11 kya–present), coupled with repeated extinction, range contraction and expansion events, and/or incomplete sampling across the species range. The nested clade analyses reveal that a common pattern of climatic and geological history over long‐term glacial habitat fragmentation has determined the geographic and haplotype distributions found for D. klovstadi.