Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unclassifiable non-CML classical myeloproliferative diseases with microcytosis: findings indicating diagnosis of polycythemia vera masked by iron deficiency

Background/aim Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by overproduction of morphologically normal red blood cells (RBCs), granulocytes, and platelets, a phenotype that is caused by a mutation (V617F) in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). However, JAK2 V617F is also found in approximately 50% of patients with essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis, rendering its presence nonspecific as a diagnostic test. An increased red cell mass is a major criterion for the diagnosis of PV according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 criteria. High hemoglobin (Hgb) or Hematocrit (Hct) are universally used as indicators of an increased red cell mass for the diagnosis of PV. However, conditions such as iron deficiency (ID) with decreased mean cell volume may mask the diagnosis due to nonelevated Hct level. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients with unclassifiable non-CML classical myeloproliferative disease with microcytosis (MPD/M) and nonelevated Hgb and Hct levels at diagnosis and to determine if some of these cases could be real PV cases masked due to ID-related microcytosis. Materials and methods There were 23 MPD/M cases among 208 non-CML classical MPD cases (11%). Among 22 patients who had adequate test results related to the cause of microcytosis, ID and beta-thalassemia trait (TT) were the apparent causes of microcytosis in 15 and 1 cases, respectively. Results Clinicopathological correlations revealed consistently positive JAK2 V617F mutation status (20/20, 100%), frequently elevated RBC count (17/23, 73.9%), and PV-compatible bone marrow findings (10/12, 83.3%). These findings are compatible with PV instead of essential thrombocytopenia or primary myelofibrosis. In spite of frequent cytoreductive treatment, 3 patients developed increased Hgb/Htc levels during median 58.2 (279–63) months’ follow-up. Conclusion These data show that the majority of MPD/M cases are PV patients masked due to ID-related microcytosis.
Opposed Actions of PKA Isozymes (RI and RII) and PKC Isoforms (cPKCβI and nPKCε) in Neuromuscular Developmental Synapse Elimination

Background: During neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development, synapses are produced in excess. By sensing the activity-dependent release of ACh, adenosine, and neurotrophins, presynaptic receptors prompt axonal competition and loss of the unnecessary axons. The receptor action is mediated by synergistic and antagonistic relations when they couple to downstream kinases (mainly protein kinases A and C (PKA and PKC)), which phosphorylate targets involved in axonal disconnection. Here, we directly investigated the involvement of PKA subunits and PKC isoforms in synapse elimination. Methods: Selective PKA and PKC peptide modulators were applied daily to the Levator auris longus (LAL) muscle surface of P5–P8 transgenic B6.Cg-Tg (Thy1-YFP) 16 Jrs/J (and also C57BL/6J) mice, and the number of axons and the postsynaptic receptor cluster morphology were evaluated in P9 NMJ. Results: PKA (PKA-I and PKA-II isozymes) acts at the pre- and postsynaptic sites to delay both axonal elimination and nAChR cluster differentiation, PKC activity promotes both axonal loss (a cPKCβI and nPKCε isoform action), and postsynaptic nAChR cluster maturation (a possible role for PKCθ). Moreover, PKC-induced changes in axon number indirectly influence postsynaptic maturation. Conclusions: PKC and PKA have opposed actions, which suggests that changes in the balance of these kinases may play a major role in the mechanism of developmental synapse elimination.
Wheat Yellow Mosaic Virus NIb Interacting with Host Light Induced Protein (LIP) Facilitates Its Infection through Perturbing the Abscisic Acid Pathway in Wheat

Positive-sense RNA viruses have a small genome with very limited coding capacity and are highly reliant on host factors to fulfill their infection. However, few host factors have been identified to participate in wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. Here, we demonstrate that wheat (Triticum aestivum) light-induced protein (TaLIP) interacts with the WYMV nuclear inclusion b protein (NIb). A bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) assay displayed that the subcellular distribution patterns of TaLIP were altered by NIb in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transcription of TaLIP was significantly decreased by WYMV infection and TaLIP-silencing wheat plants displayed more susceptibility to WYMV in comparison with the control plants, suggesting that knockdown of TaLIP impaired host resistance. Moreover, the transcription level of TaLIP was induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) stimuli in wheat, while knockdown of TaLIP significantly repressed the expression of ABA-related genes such as wheat abscisic acid insensitive 5 (TaABI5), abscisic acid insensitive 8 (TaABI8), pyrabatin resistance 1-Llike (TaPYL1), and pyrabatin resistance 3-Llike (TaPYL3). Collectively, our results suggest that the interaction of NIb with TaLIP facilitated the virus infection possibly by disturbing the ABA signaling pathway in wheat.
Increasing Dietary Carbohydrate as Part of a Healthy Whole Food Diet Intervention Dampens Eight Week Changes in Salivary Cortisol and Cortisol Responsiveness

It is largely unknown whether and how whole food diets influence psychological stress and stress system responsiveness. To better understand the effects of whole diets on stress system responsiveness, we examined randomized control trial effects of a whole food diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) on cortisol responsiveness. A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-week intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women to examine differentiated effects between two diet intervention groups: one based on the 2010 DGA and the other one based on a typical American diet (TAD). During a test week that occurred at baseline and again after 8 weeks of the intervention, we assessed salivary cortisol collected at 14 selected times across the day, including upon awakening, at bedtime, and during a test visit, and administered a standardized social stress task (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). There were no statistical differences between the diet groups in salivary cortisol at baseline or after 8 weeks. However, when considering differences in dietary carbohydrate, but not fat or protein, from the pre-intervention (habitual) to the intervention period, there was a significant (P = 0.0001) interaction between diet group, intervention week, saliva sample, and level of intervention-based change in carbohydrate consumption. This interaction was reflected primarily by an 8-week reduction in salivary cortisol during a period just prior to (log Δ −0.35 ± 0.12 nmol/L) and 30 (log Δ −0.49 ± 0.12 nmol/L), 60 (log Δ −0.50 ± 0.13 nmol/L), 90 (log Δ −0.51 ± 0.13 nmol/L), and 120 (log Δ −0.4476 ± 0.1231 nmol/L) min after the TSST in the DGA group having the highest increase (90th percentile) in carbohydrate consumption. In support of this finding, we also found significant (P < 0.05) and inverse linear associations between dietary carbohydrate and log salivary cortisol, with the strongest negative association (β: −0.004 ± 0.0015, P = 0.009) occurring at 30 min post-TSST, but only in the DGA group and at week 9 of the intervention. Together, increasing dietary carbohydrate as part of a DGA-based diet may reduce circulating cortisol and dampen psychological stress-related cortisol responsiveness.
Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of the Hsf Gene Family in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are a class of important transcription factors (TFs) which play crucial roles in the protection of plants from damages caused by various abiotic stresses. The present study aimed to characterize the Hsf genes in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), which is one of the four largest cut flowers worldwide. In this study, a total of 17 non-redundant Hsf genes were identified from the D. caryophyllus genome. Specifically, the gene structure and motifs of each DcaHsf were comprehensively analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the DcaHsf family distinctly separated nine class A, seven class B, and one class C Hsf genes. Additionally, promoter analysis indicated that the DcaHsf promoters included various cis-acting elements that were related to stress, hormones, as well as development processes. In addition, cis-elements, such as STRE, MYB, and ABRE binding sites, were identified in the promoters of most DcaHsf genes. According to qRT-PCR data, the expression of DcaHsfs varied in eight tissues and six flowering stages and among different DcaHsfs, even in the same class. Moreover, DcaHsf-A1, A2a, A9a, B2a, B3a revealed their putative involvement in the early flowering stages. The time-course expression profile of DcaHsf during stress responses illustrated that all the DcaHsfs were heat- and drought-responsive, and almost all DcaHsfs were down-regulated by cold, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) stress. Meanwhile, DcaHsf-A3, A7, A9a, A9b, B3a were primarily up-regulated at an early stage in response to salicylic acid (SA). This study provides an overview of the Hsf gene family in D. caryophyllus and a basis for the breeding of stress-resistant carnation.
Maternal interaction style, reported experiences of care, and pediatric health care utilization

ion services to a third party, some used medical records staff, some used nurses and several clinics allowed researchers to abstract the data directly. In addition to health care utilization, information was also obtained regarding any accidents the child experienced and whether the child had ever been identified as experiencing failure-to-thrive. Both accidents and a medical diagnosis of failure-to-thrive have been associated with mother-child bonding and was used as part of a surrogate mother-child bonding measure (to be discussed later) (see Appendix N). The infants’ immunization records were also extracted from medical records. According to the Center’s for Disease Control, the immunizations that should be administered by the first 12 months of life include: two or three Hepatitis B (HepB), three Diptheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DtaP); three Haemophilus Influenza b (Hib); two or three Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV); and three Pneumococcal Virus (PCV). The optional HepB and IPV vaccinations were excluded from the analyses.
Lessons from LIMK1 enzymology and their impact on inhibitor design

LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) is a key regulator of actin dynamics. It is thereby a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fragile X syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Herein, we use X-ray crystallography and activity assays to describe how LIMK1 accomplishes substrate specificity, to suggest a unique ‘rock-and-poke’ mechanism of catalysis and to explore the regulation of the kinase by activation loop phosphorylation. Based on these findings, a differential scanning fluorimetry assay and a RapidFire mass spectrometry activity assay were established, leading to the discovery and confirmation of a set of small-molecule LIMK1 inhibitors. Interestingly, several of the inhibitors were inactive towards the closely related isoform LIMK2. Finally, crystal structures of the LIMK1 kinase domain in complex with inhibitors (PF-477736 and staurosporine, respectively) are presented, providing insights into LIMK1 plasticity upon inhibitor binding.
Clinical associations of an updated medication effect score for measuring diabetes treatment intensity

Objectives The medication effect score reflects overall intensity of a diabetes regimen by consolidating dosage and potency of agents used. Little is understood regarding how medication intensity relates to clinical factors. We updated the medication effect score to account for newer agents and explored associations between medication effect score and patient-level clinical factors. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial involving 263 Veterans with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c levels ≥8.0% (≥7.5% if under age 50). Medication effect score was calculated for all patients at baseline, alongside additional measures including demographics, comorbid illnesses, hemoglobin A1c, and self-reported psychosocial factors. We used multivariable regression to explore associations between baseline medication effect score and patient-level clinical factors. Results Our sample had a mean age of 60.7 (SD = 8.2) years, was 89.4% male, and 57.4% non-White. Older age and younger onset of diabetes were associated with a higher medication effect score, as was higher body mass index. Higher medication effect score was significantly associated with medication nonadherence, although not with hemoglobin A1c, self-reported hypoglycemia, diabetes-related distress, or depression. Discussion We observed several expected associations between an updated medication effect score and patient-level clinical factors. These associations support the medication effect score as an appropriate measure of diabetes regimen intensity in clinical and research contexts.
Electrodeposition of Nanoparticles and Continuous Film of CdSe on n-Si (100)

CdSe electrodeposition on n-Si (100) substrate was investigated in sulfuric acid solution. The behaviour and the deposition of the precursors (Cd and Se) were studied separately at first. Then, we explored both the alternated deposition, one layer by one, as well as the simultaneous co-deposition of the two elements to form the CdSe semiconductor. Varying the deposition conditions, we were able to obtain nanoparticles, or a thin film, on the surface of the electrode. The samples were then characterised microscopically and spectroscopically with SEM, XRD and XPS. Finally, we evaluated the induced photoemission of the deposit for the application in optoelectronics.
Continuing Professional Development Engagement-A UK-based Concept Analysis.

INTRODUCTION Although much literature exists regarding the operationalization of the term engagement, this relates specifically to work/employee engagement and user, consumer, and scholarly engagement. There is no clear understanding of the term Continuing Professional Development (CPD) engagement for allied health professionals and Nurses and Midwives in the UK, although it is becoming a frequently used term. This raises the challenge of creating measures of the impact of CPD engagement. This concept analysis therefore sought to operationalize the term CPD engagement. METHODS A theoretical concept analysis was undertaken, as part of a Professional Doctorate, using Walker and Avant's Concept Analysis Framework. Literature was accessed via OVID, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, ABI INFO, and PsychINFO using search terms engagement, work/employee, user, consumer, scholarly engagement, CPD, and life-long learning. RESULTS Defining attributes for CPD engagement included criteria based around the terms such as self-initiated, voluntary, applied, recorded, evaluated and shared, and continuation of learning beyond the initial activity. Antecedents focused around drive and availability of resources including time, money, and support. DISCUSSION There are potentially many positive consequences of CPD engagement, such as job satisfaction, employee retention, and quality of service provision, that may be more easily investigated and measured against the attributes defined from this study, which indicates that CPD engagement is characterized by the following five criteria: (1) self-initiated; (2) rewarded (either intrinsically or extrinsically); (3) applied in practice; (4) recorded, evaluated, and shared with others; and finally (5) continues beyond the initial learning activity.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Vertical Resistive Random-Access Memory (VRRAM) Synapses for Neural Network Systems

Memristor devices are generally suitable for incorporation in neuromorphic systems as synapses because they can be integrated into crossbar array circuits with high area efficiency. In the case of a two-dimensional (2D) crossbar array, however, the size of the array is proportional to the neural network’s depth and the number of its input and output nodes. This means that a 2D crossbar array is not suitable for a deep neural network. On the other hand, synapses that use a memristor with a 3D structure are suitable for implementing a neuromorphic chip for a multi-layered neural network. In this study, we propose a new optimization method for machine learning weight changes that considers the structural characteristics of a 3D vertical resistive random-access memory (VRRAM) structure for the first time. The newly proposed synapse operating principle of the 3D VRRAM structure can simplify the complexity of a neuron circuit. This study investigates the operating principle of 3D VRRAM synapses with comb-shaped word lines and demonstrates that the proposed 3D VRRAM structure will be a promising solution for a high-density neural network hardware system.
Real-Time Correction and Stabilization of Laser Diode Wavelength in Miniature Homodyne Interferometer for Long-Stroke Micro/Nano Positioning Stage Metrology

A low-cost miniature homodyne interferometer (MHI) with self-wavelength correction and self-wavelength stabilization is proposed for long-stroke micro/nano positioning stage metrology. In this interferometer, the displacement measurement is based on the analysis of homodyne interferometer fringe pattern. In order to miniaturize the interferometer size, a low-cost and small-sized laser diode is adopted as the laser source. The accuracy of the laser diode wavelength is real-time corrected by the proposed wavelength corrector using a modified wavelength calculation equation. The variation of the laser diode wavelength is suppressed by a real-time wavelength stabilizer, which is based on the principle of laser beam drift compensation and the principle of automatic temperature control. The optical configuration of the proposed MHI is proposed. The methods of displacement measurement, wavelength correction, and wavelength stabilization are depicted in detail. A laboratory-built prototype of the MHI is constructed, and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed wavelength correction and stabilization methods.
The Significance of the Intrinsically Disordered Regions for the Functions of the bHLH Transcription Factors

The bHLH proteins are a family of eukaryotic transcription factors regulating expression of a wide range of genes involved in cell differentiation and development. They contain the Helix-Loop-Helix (HLH) domain, preceded by a stretch of basic residues, which are responsible for dimerization and binding to E-box sequences. In addition to the well-preserved DNA-binding bHLH domain, these proteins may contain various additional domains determining the specificity of performed transcriptional regulation. According to this, the family has been divided into distinct classes. Our aim was to emphasize the significance of existing disordered regions within the bHLH transcription factors for their functionality. Flexible, intrinsically disordered regions containing various motives and specific sequences allow for multiple interactions with transcription co-regulators. Also, based on in silico analysis and previous studies, we hypothesize that the bHLH proteins have a general ability to undergo spontaneous phase separation, forming or participating into liquid condensates which constitute functional centers involved in transcription regulation. We shortly introduce recent findings on the crucial role of the thermodynamically liquid-liquid driven phase separation in transcription regulation by disordered regions of regulatory proteins. We believe that further experimental studies should be performed in this field for better understanding of the mechanism of gene expression regulation (among others regarding oncogenes) by important and linked to many diseases the bHLH transcription factors.
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Microbial Community Structure and Methane Cycling Potential along a Thermokarst Pond-Peatland Continuum

The thawing of ice-rich permafrost soils in northern peatlands leads to the formation of thermokarst ponds, surrounded by organic-rich soils. These aquatic ecosystems are sites of intense microbial activity, and CO2 and CH4 emissions. Many of the pond systems in northern landscapes and their surrounding peatlands are hydrologically contiguous, but little is known about the microbial connectivity of concentric habitats around the thermokarst ponds, or the effects of peat accumulation and infilling on the microbial communities. Here we investigated microbial community structure and abundance in a thermokarst pond-peatland system in subarctic Canada. Several lineages were ubiquitous, supporting a prokaryotic continuum from the thermokarst pond to surrounding peatlands. However, the microbial community structure shifted from typical aerobic freshwater microorganisms (Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria) in the pond towards acidophilic and anaerobic lineages (Acidobacteria and Choroflexi) in the connected peatland waters, likely selected by the acidification of the water by Sphagnum mosses. Marked changes in abundance and community composition of methane cycling microorganisms were detected along the thermokarst pond-peatland transects, suggesting fine tuning of C-1 carbon cycling within a highly connected system, and warranting the need for higher spatial resolution across the thermokarst landscape to accurately predict net greenhouse gas emissions from northern peatlands.