Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous silica (MCM-41): Synthesis/modification, characterization and removal of selected organic micro-pollutants from water

In the removal of organic micro-pollutants from water, in addition to microporous there are mesoporous adsorbents that are increasingly gaining in importance. Mesoporous silica-based materials like MCM-41 have a high specific surface area and a large pore volume, properties that provide a high adsorption capacity towards pollutants. However, these materials have low hydrothermal stability which represents the main disadvantage in their wider usage in water treatments. Through the optimization of synthesis parameters and various post-synthetic modifications, better material characteristics may be achieved. Usually applied techniques for the material characterization are X-ray diffraction, N2-BET method, SEM, TEM and FTIR. The removal efficiency of water pollutants is determined by the MCM-41 structure, but also by the chemical structure of pollutants and in general depends on the pH and ionic strength of the treated water solutions.
Biotechnology for micropropagation and enhancing variations in Vanilla

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), a tropical orchid cultivated for its pleasant flavour, is a native of Mexico, and an introduced crop to other countries. Continuous vegetative propagation and lack of sufficient variations in the gene pool hampers crop improvement programmes. Introduction of somaclonal variation through callus cultures has been attempted to broaden the narrow genetic base. A callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration system has been optimized from both vegetative and reproductive tissues. The best results were obtained using vegetative tissues and over 80% callusing was achieved in Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 4. 44μM BA and 2. 68μM NAA. Callus differentiated into shoots which could be multiplied successfully in 1: 12 ratio in a combination of 4. 44μM BA and 2. 46μM IBA, when supplemented to MS medium. In vitro rooting was induced with an efficiency of 100% in basal MS media devoid of any growth regulators. This ability of dedifferentiated tissue to regenerate is a crucial prerequisite for future genetic transformation experiments. The protocol was successfully extended to the endangered wild species, V. aphylla, offering the potential of applying the protocol for mass multiplication as well as induction of variations in Vanilla species, in a limited time. Preliminary studies on the callus regenerants indicated variations in morphology and RAPD profiles.
Hyperbolic vortices with large magnetic flux

There has been some recent interest in the study of non-Abelian Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) monopoles in the limit of large magnetic charge. Most investigations have used a magnetic bag approximation, in which spherical symmetry is assumed within an Abelian description. In particular, this approach has been used to suggest the existence of two types of magnetic bags, with differing distributions of the zeros of the Higgs field, together with multilayer structures, containing several magnetic bags. This paper is concerned with the analogous situation of Abelian BPS vortices in the hyperbolic plane, in the limit of large magnetic flux. This system has the advantage that explicit exact solutions can be obtained and compared with a magnetic bag approximation. Exact BPS vortex solutions are presented that are analogous to the two types of magnetic bags predicted for BPS monopoles and it is shown that these structures can be combined to produce exact multilayer solutions.
QUALITY BY DESIGN-BASED OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF NEW REVERSE PHASE-HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN HEMIHYDRATE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

ABSTRACT Objective: Innovative application of quality by design (QbD) technique for simultaneous estimation of levofloxacin and ambroxol hydrochloride (HCL) in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form using reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Method: A method has been developed for the separation of levofloxacin and ambroxol HCL using RP-HPLC on C18 column (250 4.6 mm, 5 ml) with ultraviolet detection at 306 nm. Experimental designs were applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of RP-HPLC method. Three independent factors: Acetonitrile content in the mobile phase composition, buffer pH, and flow rate were used to design mathematical models. Here, central composite design (CCD) experimental design was used to study the response surface technique and to study in depth the effects of these independent factors. Derringer’s desirability function was applied to simultaneously optimize the retention time of last eluting peak (ambroxol hydrochloride) and resolution between levofloxacin and ambroxol hydrochloride. Result and Discussion: The predicted optimum assay condition consisted of acetonitrile, potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 5.00; potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and methanol in a proportion of 20:70:10% v/v, respectively, as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/minute. Using this optimum condition, baseline separation of both drugs with good resolution and a run time of <5 minutes were achieved. The optimized assay condition was validated according to the ICH guidelines to confirm specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. Keywords : Levofloxacin, Ambroxol hydrochloride, Experimental design, Response surface methodology, Derringer’s desirability, Quality by design approach.
Reinventing Governance for Performance in South Asia: Impacts on Citizenship Rights

Abstract In line with the global trend of “reinventing governance” based on market‐driven policies and structures, South Asian countries have adopted some major reforms in governance during the recent two decades. While this market‐led shift in governance is largely intended to enhance its performance in terms of greater efficiency and quality, there is a tendency to overlook its implications for the rights and entitlements of citizens in these countries. The article examines the basic tenets or features of this transition in governance, encompassing the replacement of public sector by private sector and the transformation of public management based on business principles. The main objective, however, is to examine the critical impacts of this new mode of governance on the political and social rights of citizens in South Asia. The article concludes by stressing the need for paying adequate attention to citizenship rights in pursuing such reforms in governance.
Unusual flaring activity in the blazar PKS 1424−418 during 2008−2011

Context. Blazars are a subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with jets that are oriented along our line of sight. Variability and spectral energy distribution (SED) studies are crucial tools for understanding the physical processes responsible for observed AGN emission. Aims. We report peculiar behavior in the bright -ray blazar PKS 1424 418 and use its strong variability to reveal information about the particle acceleration and interactions in the jet. Methods. Correlation analysis of the extensive optical coverage by the ATOM telescope and nearly continuous -ray coverage by the Fermi Large Area Telescope is combined with broadband, time-dependent modeling of the SED incorporating supplemental information from radio and X-ray observations of this blazar. Results. We analyse in detail four bright phases at optical-GeV energies. These flares of PKS 1424 418 show high correlation between these energy ranges, with the exception of one large optical flare that coincides with relatively low -ray activity. Although the optical/ -ray behavior of PKS 1424 418 shows variety, the multiwavelength modeling indicates that these di erences can largely be explained by changes in the flux and energy spectrum of the electrons in the jet that are radiating. We find that for all flares the SED is adequately represented by a leptonic model that includes inverse Compton emission from external radiation fields with similar parameters. Conclusions. Detailed studies of individual blazars like PKS 1424 418 during periods of enhanced activity in di erent wavebands are helping us identify underlying patterns in the physical parameters in this class of AGN.
Symbolic Reasoning with Differentiable Neural Comput

Recent breakthroughs demonstrate that neural networks are remarkably adept at sensory 8 processing1 and sequence2, 3 and reinforcement learning4. However, cognitive scientists and 9 neuroscientists have argued that neural networks are limited in their ability to define vari10 ables and data structures5–9, store data over long time scales without interference10, 11, and 11 manipulate it to solve tasks. Conventional computers, on the other hand, can easily be pro12 grammed to store and process large data structures in memory, but cannot learn to recognise 13 complex patterns. This work aims to combine the advantages of neural and computational 14 processing by providing a neural network with read-write access to an external memory. We 15 refer to the resulting architecture as a Differentiable Neural Computer (DNC). Memory access 16 is sparse, minimising interference among memoranda and enabling long-term storage12, 13, 17 and the entire system can be trained with gradient descent, allowing the network to learn how 18 to operate and organise the memory in a goal-directed manner. We demonstrate DNC’s abil19 ity to manipulate large data structures by applying it to a set of synthetic question-answering 20 tasks involving graphs, such as finding shortest paths and inferring missing links. We then 21 show that DNC can learn, based solely on behavioral reinforcement14, 15, to carry out com22 plex symbolic instructions in a game environment16. Taken together, these results suggest 23
Decoupled post‐glacial history in mutualistic plant–insect interactions: insights from the yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris) and its associated oil‐collecting bees (Macropis europaea and M. fulvipes)

We take a comparative phylogeographical approach to assess whether three species involved in a specialized oil‐rewarding pollination system (i.e. Lysimachia vulgaris and two oil‐collecting bees within the genus Macropis) show congruent phylogeographical trajectories during post‐glacial colonization processes. Our working hypothesis is that within specialized mutualistic interactions, where each species relies on the co‐occurrence of the other for survival and/or reproduction, partners are expected to show congruent evolutionary trajectories, because they are likely to have followed parallel migration routes and to have shared glacial refugia.
The Effects of Chronic Administration Folic Acid on Memory Retrieval in Rats

Summary The effect of pre-treatment of folic acid on memory retrieval was evaluated using a step-through passive avoidance task. Folic acid (1 or 10 mg/kg), alone and with vitamin B6 (100 mg/kg), were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) every other day for one month before training was initiated. Three retention tests were performed to assess memory in rats. The folate plasma level was also measured in the animals. Folic acid (1 or 10 mg/kg) alone significantly increased the stepthrough latency of the passive avoidance response compared to the control in the first retention test of the passive avoidance paradigm (P<0.05). Furthermore, vitamin B6 (100 mg/kg) with folic acid (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the cognitive ability compared to the control group (P<0.01). These results indicate that the administration of folic acid alone or in combination with vitamin B6 play a role in enhancing memory retrieval. In the combination therapy at specific doses, this effect was significant.
Identification and analysis of cellular factors involved in v-Abl transformation of B lineage cells By

1 Chapter1. An Introduction to Tumorigenesis, v-Abl transformation, and B Cell Development . 1 Tumorigenesis – a complex multi-step process . 1 A-MuLV and oncogene v-Abl . 1 v-Abl transformation of B cells . 2 p53 pathway and v-Abl transformation . 3 Early B cell development in mouse bone marrow . 4 Target cells of v-Abl transformation . 5 Purpose . 5 Chapter2. Identification of Target cells in v-Abl Transformation . 9 Backgrounds . 9 Results . 11 Discussion . 23 Chapter3. The Role of p53 in early v-Abl Transformation . 26 Backgrounds . 26 Results . 29 Discussion . 41 Chapter4. shRNA Library Screening to Identify novel cellular factors that suppress v-Abl Transformation . 43 Backgrounds . 43 Results . 45 Discussion . 64 Chapter5. Materials and Methods . 67 Chapter6. References . 73
THE EVALUATION OF BINARY CLASSIFICATION TASKS IN ECONOMICAL PREDICTION

In the area of economical classification tasks, the accuracy maximization is often used to evaluate classifier performance. Accuracy maximization (or error rate minimization) suffers from the assumption of equal false positive and false negative error costs. Furthermore, accuracy is not able to express true classifier performance under skewed class distribution. Due to these limitations, the use of accuracy on real tasks is questionable. In a real binary classification task, the difference between the costs of false positive and false negative error is usually critical. To overcome this issue, the Receiver Ope­rating Characteristic (ROC) method in relation to decision-analytic principles can be used. One essential advantage of this method is the possibility of classifier performance visualization by means of a ROC graph. This paper presents concrete examples of binary classification, where the inadequacy of accuracy as the evaluation metric is shown, and on the same examples the ROC method is applied. From the set of possible classification models, the probabilistic classifier with continuous output is under consideration. Mainly two questions are solved. Firstly, the selection of the best classifier from a set of possible classifiers. For example, accuracy metric rates two classifiers almost equiva­lently (87.7 % and 89.3 %), whereas decision analysis (via costs minimization) or ROC analysis reveal differe­nt performance according to target conditions of unequal error costs of false positives and false negatives. Secondly, the setting of an optimal decision threshold at classifier’s output. For example, accuracy maximization finds the optimal threshold at classifier’s output in value of 0.597, but the optimal threshold respecting higher costs of false negatives is discovered by costs minimization or ROC analysis in a value substantially lower (0.477).
A DEEP LEARNING METHOD FOR DETECTING AND CLASSIFYING BREAST CANCER METASTASES IN LYMPH NODES ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IMAGES

We present an automated computerized approach for the identiﬁcation and classiﬁcation of metastatic breast cancer in digital whole slide images of sentinel lymph node biopsies through a combination of deep learning-based method and image processing techniques. In this work, we applied a simple thresholding based segmentation method to automatically detect the tissue regions mostly likely containing cancer metastasis and exclude image background, such as white space, in order to reduce computational cost. A ResNeXt based deep learning network was adopted in our work due to the fact of high efﬁciency and stable network structure. This 101-layer deep convolutional neural network was trained using a large amount of image patches from positive and negative regions of the histopathological images to make patch-level predictions to distinguish tumor-patches from non-tumor patches. The patch-level predictions were used to generate tumor probability maps, in which the morphological operations were performed to identify the most likely tumor regions with a maximum connectivity. A ensemble learning method was utilized to differentiate 5 different pN-stage of lymph node metastasis for every patient in the test dataset. The performance of classiﬁcation task were assessed by us-ing ﬁve class quadratic weighted kappa metric adopted by the Camelyon Grand Challenge 2017 (Camelyon17). This work suggested that our method could be useful in developing a computational diagnostic tool for discriminating breast cancer metastases with different pathologic stages from digital breast histopathological images, which might enable objec-tive alternative for cancer diagnosis.
Soil nitrogen contribution to grasslands yield in southern Chile its implications for nitrogen use efficiency nitrogen use efficiency

Abstract In pasture systems of southern Chile, nitrogen (N) fertilization is mostly carried out without considering soil N supply, while seasonal N plant uptake is partially accounted for. These aspects are fundamental to cor-rectly decide N fertilization. The aim of this work was to determine soil N contribution to grasslands yield in southern Chile and its implication for N use efficiency. Three treatments were distributed in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. A negative control treatment without N application and a posi-tive control without N deficiency (450 kg N ha -1 ) were considered. An optimized treatment was also used, so that the total amount of mineral N applied as fertilizer was only that necessary to account for the arithmetic difference among plant uptake and N soil supply, resulting in the application of 171 kg N ha -1 only. Soil mineralization was high (241-934 kg N ha -1 ) and strongly affected by soil available N (VIP > 0.8). The 450 kg N ha
Composition, silicate anion structure and morphology of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) synthesised by silica-lime reaction and by controlled hydration of tricalcium silicate (C3S)

The main product of Portland cement hydration is C-S-H. Despite constituting more than half of the volume of hydrated pastes and having an important role in strength development, very little is known about the factors that determine its morphology. To investigate the relationship between the chemical composition, silicate anion structure and morphology of C-S-H, samples were synthesised via silica-lime reactions and by the hydration of C3S under controlled lime concentrations and with/without accelerators. The silicate anion structure of the samples was studied by 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the morphology and chemical composition by TEM and SEM. All samples prepared via silica-lime reactions with bulk Ca/Si up to 1.5 were foil-like. The hydration of C3S at fixed lime concentration yielded foil-like C-S-H for [CaO]<22 mmol L− and fibrillar C-S-H for [CaO]>22 mmol L−1. A relationship between the silicate anion structure and the morphology of C-S-H was found for the samples fabricated with accelerators.
Effect of sample Concentration on the Characterization of Liposomes using Dynamic light Scattering Technique

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of liposomal concentration on the characterization of liposome using dynamic light scattering technique. Method: Liposome of a water soluble active, Niacinamide, was taken for the study. Phospholipid combination (INCI name lecithin and Propane diol) was used to form liposomes of Niacinamide. Concentrated liposomal suspension was prepared using various ratios of phospholipid. The concentrated liposomal suspension was diluted five times using distilled water. Concentrated liposomal suspension and diluted suspension were characterized for particle size, PDI, conductivity and Zeta potential. Their surface morphology was studied with SEM images. Results: The data on conductivity, PDI, zeta potential and particle size were significantly different between concentrated and diluted liposomal samples. The use of various phospholipid ratios appears to significantly affect PDI, zeta potential and particle size in concentrated sample. The data on diluted samples indicated that the phosholipid level has no significant effect on these parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, characterizing liposomes using techniques which involves dynamic light scattering, that is widely used, liposome concentration during measurement is important to get reliable results. Key words: Liposomal dilution, Niacinamide, Polydispersity index, Particle size.
Blockchain and Its Applications

— Blockchain innovation was initially presented as the innovation behind the Bitcoin decentralized virtual currency, yet there is the desire that its qualities of precise and irreversible information move in a decentralized P2P system could make different applications conceivable. Blockchain an apparently unassuming information structure, and a suite of related conventions, have as of late taken the universes of Finance and Technology by tempest through its earth shattering application in the present day crypto-currency Bitcoin, and all the more so due to the problematic advancements it guarantees.
BenchPrime: Accurate Benchmark Subsetting with Optimized Clustering Algorithm Selection

This paper presents BenchPrime, an automated benchmark analysis toolset that is systematic and extensible to analyze the similarity and diversity of benchmark suites. BenchPrime takes multiple benchmark suites and their evaluation metrics as inputs and generates a hybrid benchmark suite comprising only essential applications. Unlike prior work, BenchPrime uses linear discriminant analysis rather than principal component analysis, as well as selects the best clustering algorithm and the optimized number of clusters in an automated and metric-tailored way, thereby achieving high accuracy. In addition, BenchPrime ranks the benchmark suites in terms of their application set diversity and estimates how unique each benchmark suite is compared to other suites. As a case study, this work for the first time compares the DenBench with the MediaBench and MiBench using four different metrics to provide a multi-dimensional understanding of the benchmark suites. For each metric, BenchPrime measures to what degree DenBench applications are irreplaceable with those in MediaBench and MiBench. This provides means for identifying an essential subset from the three benchmark suites without compromising the application balance of the full set. The experimental results show that the necessity of including DenBench applications varies across the target metrics and that significant redundancy exists among the three benchmark suites.
Generating interior search directions for multiobjective linear programming using approximate gradients and efficient anchoring points

We present in this paper a new multiobjective linear programming (MOLP) algorithm. The algorithm is based on modifying a variant of Karmarkar's algorithm known as the affine-scaling primal algorithm to multiobjective linear programming problems. This modification is accomplished by combining approximate gradients of the multiple objective functions together with what we refer to as anchoring points that allow us to generate a search direction and move toward the solution through the interior of the constraints polytope. In contrast, current multiobjective linear programming algorithms are using the simplex algorithm to generate a sequence of steps that follow the exterior of the constraints polytope toward the optimal solution. As MOLP problems grow in size, following an exterior trajectory may become prohibitively costly in terms of the number of iterations and the required interaction cycles with the Decision Maker. Following an interior trajectory may prove less sensitive to problem size as vertex info.