Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building hybrid recommendation system based on Hadoop framework

As in Real world The Recommender system plays a measure role by which we can recommend the perfect item from a huge set of products. As day to day numbers of users and items of a recommended system is growing rapidly, so as a result Single node machine will take very large time for implementing this recommendation system. Generally collaborative filtering algorithm is widely used in recommended system. To improve the performance and accuracy we have used distributed collaborative filtering recommender algorithm with combining parallel K-Mean clustering algorithm and slope one on Hadoop framework. Apache Hadoop is an open source technology where we can process huge numbers of dataset with commodity hardware. In this paper we have used MapReduce framework and comparing the differences time consumption of common seral hybrid recommendation algorithm with parallel hybrid recommendation algorithm by using different clusters. Here we have applied the experiments by using Each Movie data sets to exploit the advantages of parallel algorithm. Also from the experiments we can get how our improved parallel K-Mean algorithm by using two methods such as distance measure method and initial centroids method which are based on MapReduce can achieve higher accuracy as compare to tradition K-Mean algorithm and also our performance can improve.
“ Unmatched ” Attention for Natural Language Inference

Recognizing natural language entailment and contradiction is a key ability for a human-like artificial intelligence to demonstrate semantic understanding. The recent creation of a large dataset for natural language inference has allowed for a surge of deep learning models to emerge, with recent state-of-the-art models finding success by incorporating robust attention mechanisms. In this paper, we implement a near-state-of-the-art model and explore the effects of several changes to its attention mechanism. While these changes, which we call matrix-based attention weighting and “unmatched” attention, do not significantly improve upon the accuracy of this base model, they underscore the range of possibilities for improved attention models in the future.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Idiopathic Epiretinal Macular Membrane Surgery

Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images for surgical indication, intraoperative management and postoperative outcome of patients with idiopathic epiretinal macular membrane (IEMM). Methods 28 selected eyes underwent surgery for removal of IEMM. The patients' mean age was 57.3 years. The macular region and the IEMMs were studied before and after surgery using OCT, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus photography. The mean postoperative follow-up was 6.2 months (range 1.3–14). Results Preoperatively, in 12 of the 28 eyes (42.9%) only the OCT images revealed IEMM partially separated from the macula, with tractional focal point(s) of attachment to the macular region. In the other 16 eyes (57.1%) in which IEMMs were totally adherent to the macular region, the membranes were barely visible by OCT in 13 eyes and not visible in three. Intraoperatively, the surgeon was guided in the peeling procedures. A significant correlation (p < 0.001) was found between visual acuity and macular thickness before surgery and at the end of the postoperative follow-up. Conclusions OCT images provide very useful information for the surgical indication, intraoperative management and postoperative outcome of patients with IEMM.
Clinical protocol. Tumor site specific phase I evaluation of safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion of a matrix-targeted retroviral vector bearing a dominant negative cyclin G1 construct as intervention for colorectal carcinoma metastatic to liver.

Title: Tumor Site Specific Phase I Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Hepatic Arterial Infusion of a MatrixTargeted Retroviral Vector Bearing a Dominant Negative Cyclin G1 Construct as Intervention for Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic to Liver Objectives: (1) To evaluate the safety/toxicity of hepatic arterial administration of a matrix-targeted retroviral vector bearing a dnG1 construct (Mx-dnG1); (2) to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of hepatic arterial infusion of the Mx-dnG1 retroviral vector administered as hepatic arterial infusion; (3) to obtain preliminary data on molecular markers of tumor response; (4) to identify an antitumor response to hepatic artery administered Mx-dnG1 retroviral vector Population: Male and female patients, $18 years old, with metastatic colorectal carcinoma Sample Size: Nine to 15 patients (3 to 6 patients treated at each of three dose levels) Dosage Treatment: Hepatic arterial infusion of the Mx-dnG1 retroviral vector once a day on days 1–5. Three patients will receive the Mx-dnG1 retroviral vector at dose level I. If one of three patients at dose level I develops a grade 3 or 4 adverse event (CTC version 2.0) that appears to be related or possibly related to the Mx-dnG1 retroviral vector, then three additional patients will be enrolled at the same dose level. If at least two of the first three, or three of six, patients at dose level I develop a grade 3 to 4 adverse event that appears to be related or possibly related to the Mx-dnG1 retroviral vector, accrual into the study will be held until the data are discussed with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and a decision is made whether to continue or terminate study enrollment. If none of the first three or no more than one of the first six patients that have received vector at dose level I develop a grade 3 or 4 adverse event which appears to be related or possibly related to the dnG1 retroviral vector, the dose of the vector will be escalated as follows:
Prevalence of tetracycline resistance determinants in broiler isolated Escherichia coli in Iran

Abstract 1. Tetracycline resistance determinants are widespread among bacterial species. Resistance to tetracycline occurs by different mechanisms regulated by various genes. 2. The study was conducted to determine the tetracycline resistance and prevalence of tetracycline resistance determinants among Escherichia coli strains isolated from broilers in northern Iran. 3. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline and susceptibility pattern of the isolates were screened using micro-dilution and disk diffusion methods, respectively. The presence of 7 tetracycline resistance genes including tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG and tetM was tested using the polymerase chain reaction. 4. Among 100 strains isolated from broilers, 73% were identified as tetracycline resistant. All isolates showed the presence of tetracycline-associated genes. The most prevalent genes were tetA (46%) and tetB (41%) and totally, 17 different genotypes were recognised according to the presence of tetracycline resistance genes. Statistical analysis revealed that concomitant presence of the resistance genes significantly increased the tetracycline MIC and effectiveness of phenotypic characterisation. 5. The results demonstrated a high occurrence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli and related genes among broilers which presents a risk of increasing these strains in human infections associated with food animals.
An Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Evolutionary Game Theory in Wireless Sensor Networks

The features that sensor nodes are powered by battery and have severe energy constraint make the design of energy-efficient protocol a key task for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering protocols significantly cut down the energy expenditure of each sensor node. However, hot spots problem occurs in locations close to the sink. Besides, it makes things worse if the nodes with less energy are selected as cluster heads (CHs), because they are often loaded heavier traffic than cluster members (CMs) due to their duty. The issues which exist in WSNs are proposed and the primary reason why cluster head election is hard to control is then presented. A mathematical model aiming to ease the hot spots problem via optimizing the cluster size is proposed and an optimal cluster size (OCS) algorithm is given firstly. Subsequently, an evolutionary game model for the sensor nodes to terminate the anarchism during the process of cluster head selection is presented, and a novel routing protocol named Energy Efficient Routing protocol based on Evolutionary Game (EEREG) theory is proposed. Finally, extensive simulation experiments and performance comparisons with the well-known hierarchical routing protocols are conducted. The experiment results show that a significant improvement in energy efficiency as well as lifetime extension is achieved.
Printed quasi-Yagi antenna fed by half mode substrate integrated waveguide

A novel printed quasi-Yagi antenna fed by the HMSIW has been proposed in this paper. There is no tapered stripline between the HMSIW and broadside parallel stripline transition. The size of the antenna is effectively reduced. High gain, broadband, low insertion loss, simple design etc. characteristics are verified by simulated and measured results.
Developmental phenotypic plasticity: where ecology and evolution meet molecular biology.

The plastic response of phenotypic traits to environmental change is a common research focus in several disciplines-from ecology and evolutionary biology to physiology and molecular genetics. The use of model systems such as the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana has facilitated a dialogue between developmental biologists asking how plasticity is controlled (proximate causes) and organismal biologists asking why plasticity exists (ultimate causes). Researchers studying ultimate causes and consequences are increasingly compelled to reject simplistic, 'black box' models, while those studying proximate causes and mechanisms are increasingly obliged to subject their interpretations to ecological 'reality checks. ' We review the successful multidisciplinary efforts to understand the phytochrome-mediated shade-avoidance and light-seeking responses of flowering plants as a pertinent example of convergence between evolutionary and molecular biology. In this example, the two-way exchange between reductionist and holist camps has been essential to rapid and sustained progress. This should serve as a model for future collaborative efforts towards understanding the responses of organisms to their constantly changing environments.
Phylogeography of Ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) in the Gulf of Thailand revealed by COI gene structure and differentiation of shell color by ITS1 DNA

Babylonia areolata is an aquatic mollusk in the genus of the gastropod family Buccinidae. Genetic variations were observed in the 542 base pairs of the sequences from its cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mtDNA. COI alignments showed that there were two monophyletic clades on the phylogenetic tree, referred as B. areolata. These results point towards the possibility of B. areolata being a single species with strong phylogeographic subdivisions. About 520 base pairs of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequence were able to distinguish between the shell colors (brown, cream and white) of B. areolata.
Analysis of buffer delay in web-server control

This paper addresses a problem related to control of web servers. Due to architectual issues, relevant measurements can only be taken over a limited part of the server system, which leaves the controller unaware of what happens in buffers proceeding the actual web-server (for instance, in the TCP/IP layers). In earlier presented work we modeled such a system and proved that the unmeasured buffering turned a measurement of an input disturbance into a state-dependent variable. In this paper we investigate how these new properties effect a traditional control design consisting of feedback in combination with a feed-forward mechanism. The stability analysis suggests that under certain circumstances, the system enters limit cycles due to the feedback mechanism introduced by the designed feed-forward controller. We verify the analysis by both simulations and experiments.
Time–Frequency Packing Applied to Cost-Effective IM/DD Transmission Based on Directly Modulated VCSEL

Potential of directly modulated vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), widely employed for low-cost and energy-efficient intradata center transmissions, is here studied for transmissions up to access/metro scenarios. In particular, the manuscript refers to long-wavelength VCSELs for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) on–off keying transmission over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The intent of this paper primarily consists of demonstrating information rate and fiber reach enhancement in potentially uncooled environments or with relaxed thermal management requirements through the use of time–frequency packing (TFP) technique in a VCSEL-based transmission. TFP has been applied here to IM/DD transmission for the first time, although not in a multiple channel system. The digital signal processing unit implementation is clearly simplified with respect to coherent systems (no frequency synchronization and no phase error recovery), where TFP was firstly introduced, as it only takes into account the photo-detected signal intensity, regardless of the phase information. On the other hand, the signal processing is here more complex than in a traditional IM/DD system. Through the use of a commercial C-band 4 G VCSEL, net information rate up to 12.5 and 11.2 Gb/s has been measured for 25 and 45 km of SSMF, respectively, in an unamplified optical link and with power budget equal to 19 and 16 dB, respectively. The transmission is intrinsically polarization independent and wavelength independent and tolerance to temperature increase up to 60 °C has been analyzed together with energy consumption.
Fluoride Release from Glass lonomer Activated with Fluoride Solutions

The mechanism of the fluoride release from glass-ionomer cements (GICs) is not yet completely understood, due to the complexity of these systems. The objective of the present study was to investigate the fluoride and alkali metal ion release from a relatively simple GIC formulation with fluoride- and alkali metal-free glass and activated with a NaF or KF solution. The set formulations were eluted during 168 days in water at 37°C. The cumulative fluoride release was the result of an initial high release that ceased after some time and a prolonged but slow release, both of which increased with increasing fluoride concentrations in the activating solution, independently of the type of alkali metal. Maturation prior to elution decreased the fluoride and slowed the alkali metal release. The release of these ions was not (completely) correlated. The results suggest that the release process is due not only to a loss of relatively loosely bound fluoride in the cement matrix, but also to the release of fluoride which becomes strongly bound during the setting reaction and induces a long-term release.
Extended use of P504S positive primary circulating prostate cell detection to determine the need for initial prostate biopsy in a prostate cancer screening program in Chile.

BACKGROUND To determine the frequency of primary circulating prostate cells (CPC) detection according to age and serum PSA levels in a cohort of men undergoing screening for prostate cancer and to determine the diagnostic yield in those men complying with the criteria for prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was carried out to analyze all men evaluated in a hospital prostate cancer screening program. Primary CPCs were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and detected using standard immunocytochemistry using anti-PSA, positive samples undergoing a second process with anti-P504S. A malignant primary CPC was defined as PSA+ P504S+, and a test positive if 1 cell/4ml was detected. The frequency of primary CPC detection was compared with age and serum PSA levels. Men with a PSA >4.0ng/ml and/or abnormal rectal examination underwent 12 core prostate biopsy, and the results were registered as cancer/no-cancer and compared with the presence/absence of primary CPCs to calculate the diagnostic yield. RESULTS A total of 1,117 men participated; there was an association of primary CPC detection with increasing age and increasing serum PSA. Some 559 men underwent initial prostate biopsy of whom 207/559 (37.0%) were positive for primary CPCs and 183/559 (32.0%) had prostate cancer detected. The diagnostic yield of primary CPCs had a sensitivity of 88.5%, a specificity of 88.0%, and positive and negative predictive values of 78.3% and 94.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of primary CPCs for testing is recommended, since its high negative predictive value could be used to avoid prostate biopsy in men with an elevated PSA and/or abnormal DRE. Men positive for primary CPCs should undergo prostate biopsy. It is a test that could be implemented in the routine immunocytochemical laboratory.
An Efficient PMU-Based Fault-Location Technique for Multiterminal Transmission Lines

This paper presents a new fault-location technique for multiterminal transmission lines using the phasor measurement unit (PMU). A two-stage fault-location model is proposed, along with defining nodal current unbalance, a fault-location index. The first stage is the fault-line selector stage, which uses the nonzero elements of nodal current unbalance to determine the fault line. The second stage is used to identify the exact fault distance. The computational burden of the proposed technique is very low because it provides an analytical solution and avoids iterative computations. The performance of this technique is thoroughly evaluated under various fault conditions. Very promising simulation results verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed technique for multiterminal transmission lines.
Bifurcations in the Wilson-Cowan Equations with Nonsmooth Firing Rate

The Wilson--Cowan (WC) equations represent a common means of studying the dynamics between excitatory and inhibitory populations of neurons. A number of recent experimental papers suggest that the cerebral cortex lies in the so-called inhibitory stabilized network (ISN) state, which means that there is an equilibrium state that intersects the middle branch of the excitatory nullcline [H. Ozeki et al., Neuron, 62 (2009), pp. 578--592]. A commonly used simplification replaces the smooth firing rate function with the Heaviside step function. In this paper, we explore the consequences of the nonsmooth approximation on the dynamics for WC systems that have such a middle-branch equilibrium in their smooth analogue. In the nonsmooth system, the inhibitory stabilized state corresponds to a pseudo focus (or focal crossing) occurring at the intersection of two switching manifolds---the subject of current work in nonsmooth systems theory. To study the dynamics we introduce and use techniques from Filippov systems an.
A novel phase unwrapping method based on network programming

Phase unwrapping is the reconstruction of a function on a grid given its values mod 2/spl pi/. Phase unwrapping is a key problem in all quantitative applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, but also in other fields. A new phase unwrapping method, which is a different approach from existing techniques, is described and tested. The method starts from the fact that the phase differences of neighboring pixels can be estimated with a potential error that is an integer multiple of 2/spl pi/. This suggests the formulation of the phase unwrapping problem as a global minimization problem with integer variables. Recognizing the network structure underlying the problem makes for an efficient solution. In fact, it is possible to equate the phase unwrapping problem to the problem of finding the minimum cost flow on a network, for the solution of which there exist very efficient techniques. The tests performed on real and simulated interferometric SAR data confirm the validity of the approach.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL LIQUID FUELS FEEDING IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTOR

The paper deals with the development of mathematical models for detailed simulation of lateral jet penetration into the fluidized bed, primarily from the aspect of feeding of gaseous and liquid fuels into fluidized bed furnaces. For that purpose a series of comparisons has been performed between the results of in-house developed procedure – fluid-porous medium numerical simulation of gaseous jet penetration into the fluidized bed, Fluent's two-fluid Euler-Euler fluidized bed simulation model, and experimental results (from the literature) of gaseous jet penetration into the 2-D fluidized bed. The calculation results, using both models, and experimental data are in good agreement. The developed simulation procedures of jet penetration into the fluidized bed are applied to the analysis of the effects, which are registered during the experiments on a fluidized pilot furnace with feeding of liquid waste fuels into the bed, and brief description of the experiments is also presented in the paper. Registered effect suggests that the water in the fuel improved mixing of fuel and oxidizer in the fluidized bed furnace, by increasing jet penetration into the fluidized bed due to sudden evaporation of water at the entry into the furnace. In order to clarify this effect, numerical simulations of jet penetration into the fluidized bed with three-phase systems: gas (fuel, oxidizer, and water vapour), bed particles and water, have been carried out.
Sampling-based motion planning with reachable volumes for high-degree-of-freedom manipulators

Motion planning for constrained systems is a version of the motion planning problem in which the motion of a robot is limited by constraints. For example, one can require that a humanoid robot such as a PR2 remain upright by constraining its torso to be above its base or require that an object such as a bucket of water remain upright by constraining the vertices of the object to be parallel to the robot’s base. Grasping can be modeled by requiring that the end effectors of the robot be located at specified handle positions. Constraints might require that the robot remain in contact with a surface, or that certain joints of the robot remain in contact with each other (e.g., closed chains). Such problems are particularly difficult because the constraints form a manifold in C-space, and planning must be restricted to this manifold. High-degree-of-freedom motion planning and motion planning for constrained systems has applications in parallel robotics, grasping and manipulation, computational biology and molecular simulations, and animation. We introduce a new concept, reachable volumes, that are a geometric representation of the regions the joints and end effectors of a robot can reach, and use it to define a new planning space called RV-space where all points automatically satisfy a problem’s constraints. Visualizations of reachable volumes can enable operators to see the regions of workspace that different parts of the robot can reach. Samples and paths generated in RV-space naturally conform to constraints, making planning for constrained systems no more difficult than planning for unconstrained systems. Consequently, constrained motion planning problems that were previously difficult or unsolvable become manageable and in many cases trivial. We introduce tools and techniques to extend the state-of-the-art sampling-based motion planning algorithms to RV-space. We define a reachable volumes sampler, a reachable volumes local planner, and a reachable volumes distance metric. We showcase the effectiveness of RV-space by applying these tools to motion planning problems for robots with constraints on the end effectors and/or internal joints of the robot. We show that RV-based planners are more efficient than existing methods, particularly for higher-dimensional problems, solving problems with 1000 or more degrees of freedom for multi-loop and tree-like linkages.