Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and optimization of virus neutralization test in chicken embryonated eggs for indirect identification of avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus

Avian viral problems have been consistently reported in commercial poultry of Pakistan causing heavy economic losses to the poultry farmers. Authentic idenfication and confirmation of the causative agent is always been question mark for the selection of vaccinal strain in this regard. Current study was therefore undertaken to optimize the virus neutralization test for the serological survey of vaccinated poultry particularly for avian influenza virus’s subtypes and Newcastle disease virus. Various physiochemical factors such as concentration of antigen and antibody, Incubation temperature and incubation period for in vitro and in-vivo reaction of antigen and antibody were optimized in chicken embryonated eggs. Serum samples were obtained from vaccinated breeder birds of five commercial poultry breeder companies and subjected for VNT using different concentration of three antigen and their respective homologous antibodies under optimized conditions. AIV H9 (EID50-1×109.0/ml) and NDV (EID50-1×108.2/ml) having biological titer of 10-7 /50ul HA units were neutralize with 10-2/50ul HIU of antibody and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes was injected subsequently into 10 day old chicken embryo followed by incubation at 37°C for 38 hours showed ≥90% neutralizing specificity. Furthermore, sera obtained from five AIV-H9, AIV-H5 and NDV exposed commercial poultry farms revealed that Big bird broiler, Big bird breeders and A&S chicks are 100% sensitive and specific whereas, Gateway chicks and Waqas poultry breeders showed 100% homology for AIV-H5 virus but do not confers similarity with prevailing AIV-H9 and NDV field strains. Therefore, high sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity VNT, it could be a tool for indirect detection of homology between vaccinal strain and wild virus antigen using known antisera. Particularly, for those organisms possess natural ability to mutate in the adverse climatic conditions. Keywords: Virus neutralization test, Avian Influenza Virus, Newcastle Disease Virus, Sensitivity, Specificity
The Proof of the Infinity of Twin Primes

This paper shows that there are infinitely many twin primes through a focused analysis of twin primes whose last digits are 1 and 3. As a method, the original Infinite Game and Floor Line Arrangement are added to the refined one of Sieve of Eratosthenes. In the first section, we describe the extraction of twin prime numbers by the Sieve of Eratosthenes from the combination of natural numbers whose last digits are 1 and 3 and the numbers differ by 2. If such a twin prime number is finite, from some point all numbers are marked. In the second section, we use the Infinite Game, but what we do here is the same as the Sieve of Eratosthenes above, except for one point. The only exception is that we can choose where to mark regardless of the prime number. In the third section, we show that it is impossible to mark all numbers even when we artificially select a place to mark in the Infinite Game, by using the method of the Floor Line Arrangement. In the fourth section, we conclude that as a result, it is revealed that there are infinitely many twin prime numbers.
BLENDED AND FLIPPED LEARNING: ENTREPRENEURIAL TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR ACQUIRING CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS

Purpose of the study: This study investigated the effect of blended learning and flipped learning strategies on acquiring creative thinking skills at its three levels: fluency, flexibility, and originality by tenth graders in science compared to the traditional method. Methodology: Quasi-experimental method was used. The study was applied to 54 tenth-grade students from a private school who were divided into 3 sections, one of which was control while the other two were experimental. One of the experimental sections studied using the learning through real-world problems method of blended learning (Real World hereafter) while the other used flipped learning's 3D virtual worlds method. Creative thinking was measured by an immediate achievement test, which consisted of thirty questions designed to measure the three creative thinking skills. Moreover, the validity and reliability of the test were verified. Main Findings: The findings yielded significant differences in favor of the experimental groups whose scores mean was noticeably higher. Furthermore, the experimental group that studied using flipped learning demonstrated better performance than that which studied using blended learning. Applications of this study: this research will help to establishment of educational institutions specialized in designing and producing educational 3D virtual activities, such as 3D videos. Such activities need to be suitable for the Arabic educational background and in keeping with its culture and values. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study reviews two learning strategies that allow educational institutions to break free from classroom restrictions and examines the extent of their ability to develop students' creative thinking. Currently, the need for these strategies has been increased by educational institutions, especially after COVID-19.
Risk Assessment of Copper and Molybdenum and Other Minerals in Feed Ingredients and Finished Feeds

This is a risk assessment for six mineral contaminants and four essential minerals. A total of 1,466 samples were collected from 18 product categories during 2010 to 2018. The 18 product categories were divided into 11 finished feed (689 samples) categories and seven feed ingredient categories (777 samples). Mineral and vitamin/minerals mixes (565 samples) were the predominant products in the seven feed ingredient categories, and beef cattle feed (351 samples) was the predominant product in the 11 finished feed categories. Samples from the 18 product categories were analyzed for up to 10 minerals: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and thallium (Tl). Cr, Cu, Mo, and Se are essential nutrients, and the other six are contaminants. The ratios of mean concentrations of the 6 inorganic contaminants across the 11 finished feeds were low compared to the seven feed ingedients categories. This implies that the risk of toxicity from the potential carryover of the six contaminants from feed ingredients to finished feeds is low. The mean Cu concentrations were high and the mean Mo concentrations were low in the four finished feed categories for ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). The ideal copper:molybdenum (Cu:Mo) ratio is >6:1 and <10:1 in the four finished feed categories for ruminants. The calculated Cu:Mo ratio of 26:1 shows a nutritional imbalance between Cu and Mo that may cause Cu toxicosis with long-term exposure.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v07post
Integration of cytological and molecular analysis to confirm a hybridity in F1 Brassica progeny

In Brassica, interspecific hybridization is a potential and useful method for transferring valuable traits between species of commercial interest. In the previous experiments successful interspecific hybrids were obtained through hybridization between chosen rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) and Brassica rapa genotypes for transferring clubroot resistance from wild species into cultivated background. In the presented research morphological, cytological and simple sequence repeats (SSR)based molecular analyses were carried out to confirm the hybrid nature of the F1 plants. This paper evidences for a successful creation of twenty three F1 interspecific hybrids where six out of eleven cross combinations were confirmed as fertile. The obtained results have shown that analyzed morphological characters of F1 hybrids were intermediate as compared to those of both parental genotypes. Furthermore, in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the F1 hybrids abnormalities like univalent, lagging chromosomes and disorders in synchronization were observed in meiosis. Generally, the abnormalities in meiosis occurred in most of the tested genotypes with the mean frequency of 63.8%. Among tested SSR primers, Na10-A08 was found to reveal highly polymorphic bands in hybrids. As a result, 41.1% of the investigated plants were confirmed as true hybrids.
Applications of genomic copy number variations on livestock: A review

Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) have significantly modified genomic regions during inversions, translocations, duplications and deletions that keep shaping phenotypic variation through changes in gene dosage, regulation and transcript structure. The objective of this review was to discuss the current application of CNVs on domestication, adaptations, productions, coat colour, morphology and diseases of livestock, and also address implication of CNV on genotyping selections, limitation and in the future, directions of livestock breeding. The CNVs are a key role in generating essential variation in the livestock population and disease phenotype. The association of CNVs with phenotypic traits was utilized for the determination of feed conversion ratios in beef cattle, growth, milk production, reproduction, coat color, health, demostication and morphology. Genomic CNVs are an important type of genetic variation in livestock development in different environments. This knowledge will be extremely pertinent from a molecular perspective and practical applications of genomic CNVs in animal breeding and allowed breeders to consider genomic selection of young animals at earlier ages. However, in livestock species, there are still open questions remaining about the genome frequency of CNVs. Therefore, application of genomics CNVs in livestock breaks the bridging between breeders and livestock producers; however, there are still gaps on genotypes and overlapping genes. Key words: Adaptation, association, production, coat color and morphology.
Apoptosis Signalling Pathway in Cervical Cancer Cells Treated with Gama Radiation

The objectives of this study are to identify changes in gene expression, which involved in apoptosis pathways induced by gamma radiation, Cervical cancer cells were exposed to various doses of a single fraction of gamma radiation. After incubation for different periods, the proliferation of C-4 I and HeLa cells were investigated by MTT assay, wile morphological features were assessed by fluorescent microscopy to measure the Apoptotic Index (AI). In addition, gene expression was evaluated using micro-array molecular processes, and signalling pathway analysis were performed. Gamma irradiation inhibits proliferation of HeLa and C-4 I cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner. From our results a significant difference was observed between HeLa and C-4 I cell lines (p < 0.01), whereas, HeLa cells seemed to be radio resistant, while C-4 I cells radio-sensitive. IC50 and AI dose for C-4 I and HeLa cells were 16 Gy and 32 Gy respectively. Microarray results monitored the expression of some factors that are known apoptosis activators were up regulated by gamma radiation treatment, whereas some anti-apoptosis members were down regulated. Pathway analysis identified that significant pathways related to apoptosis, WNT, cell cycle and P53 were significantly reinforced. These results give evidence that ionized radiation directly induces anti proliferative effects by converting the expression of genes related to apoptosis and cell proliferation pathways in HeLa and C-4 I cervical cancer cells.
Rôle de champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules dans le transfert du cadmium (Cd) du sol à la luzerne (Medicago truncatula)

L’accumulation d’elements en traces metalliques (ETM), dont le cadmium (Cd), dans les sols et leur transfert aux plantes sont problematiques a cause de leur toxicite. Les champignons mycorhiziens a arbuscules (MA), symbiontes des plantes, peuvent influencer le transfert des ETM de maniere directe en les transportant jusqu’aux racines et de maniere indirecte en favorisant la croissance de la plante. Des resultats divergents ont neanmoins ete reportes et leur role global doit donc etre eclairci. En prenant comme plante modele la luzerne Medicago truncatula, l’effet d’un champignon MA (Glomus intraradices) sur le bilan de Cd dans la plante, le sol et les percolats a ete etudie. La contribution du champignon au transfert de Cd a ete evaluee dans des cultures en pot et des dispositifs a compartiment. Le champignon a principalement influence la dynamique de Cd dans le systeme sol-plante de maniere indirecte en ameliorant fortement la croissance de la plante sur sol contamine, conduisant a une quantite plus importante de Cd exporte dans les parties aeriennes de la plante, bien que leur concentration en Cd soit plus faible que dans les plantes non mycorhizees. Cette forte augmentation de croissance de la luzerne par ce champignon est associee a la stimulation de bacteries formant des nodules. Cette influence mycorhizienne est neanmoins complexe, elle est variable selon les conditions edaphiques et selon l’isolat du champignon etudie. Le champignon MA contribue aussi directement au transfert de Cd en sorbant et en transportant le Cd soluble-echangeable par son mycelium extraracinaire, mais cette contribution directe semble etre faible en comparaison de l’effet des racines.
New species of Curimatopsis from the río Caroni, Orinoco basin, Venezuela, with comments on C. macrolepis (Characiformes: Curimatidae)

ABSTRACT A new species of Curimatopsis is described from the highlands of the western Guiana Shield in the río Carapo and río Paragua, tributaries of the río Caroni in the Orinoco basin, southeastern Venezuela. The new species belongs to the Curimatopsis macrolepis clade due to its possession of a long lower jaw that projects past the anterior margin of the upper jaw, and separate first and second hypurals. The new species is diagnosed from remaining species of the Curimatopsis macrolepis clade by having a small-sized inconspicuous dark spot on the midlateral surface of the caudal peduncle, by details of body and fin pigmentation, and by additional morphometric characters. The distribution of C. macrolepis in the Amazon and Orinoco basins is updated based on the examination of museum specimens.
ROSE: Robustly Safe Charging for Wireless Power Transfer

One critical issue for wireless power transfer is to avoid human health impairments caused by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. The existing studies mainly focus on scheduling wireless chargers so that (expected) EMR at any point in the area does not exceed a threshold <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq1-3032591.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Nevertheless, they overlook the EMR jitter that leads to exceeding of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq2-3032591.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> even if the expected EMR is no more than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq3-3032591.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. This paper studies the fundamental problem of <underline>RO</underline>bustly <underline>S</underline>af<underline>E</underline> charging for wireless power transfer (ROSE), that is, scheduling the power of chargers so that the charging utility for all rechargeable devices is maximized while the probability that EMR anywhere does not exceed <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq4-3032591.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is no less than a given confidence. We first build our empirical probabilistic charging model and EMR model. Then, we present EMR approximation and area discretization techniques to formulate ROSE into a Second-Order Cone Program. After that, we propose the first redundant second-order cone constraints reduction algorithm to reduce the computational cost, and therefore obtain a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(1-\epsilon)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq5-3032591.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-approximation centralized algorithm. Further, we propose a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(1-\epsilon)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq6-3032591.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-approximation fully distributed algorithm scalable with network size for ROSE. We conduct both simulation and field experiments, and the results show that our algorithms can outperform comparison algorithms by 480.19 percent.
Acoustic observations of the vertical distribution and latitudinal range of small pelagic fish schools in the Midriff Islands Region, Gulf of California, Mexico

Within the Gulf of California, the Midriff Islands Region (MIR) is characterized by mixing conditions of water masses that lead to high primary productivity, which fosters the presence of sardines, anchovies, and their predators. Using acoustic tools, we analyzed the presence and characteristics of schools detected in three surveys carried out in late spring of 2012 and 2013 and early summer of 2014. We sought to relate changes in the geographical distribution of schools with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP). The largest number of schools was observed in 2012, coinciding with the highest and most extensive NPP, while the following years were associated with lower NPP coupled with a lower number of detections. During the study period, the Ballenas-Salsipuedes Channel and its area of influence showed the lowest SST and higher NPP even toward the summer as compared to the rest of the MIR, favoring the presence of fish schools and supporting the importance of this site as a feeding center for these species. As for their vertical distribution, it was found that during the day schools reach greater depths, while during the night these are concentrated in surface waters. However, no differences in size, density, or other characteristics were detected either between periods or between years. Finally, we found a high proportion of schools during the night (61%), which departs from the typical nocturnal dispersal behavior described for similar species in other areas.
Human resource practices and performance in small Spanish wineries, and their evolution with age and size

This research aims to cover the existing gap in knowledge regarding human resource management practices in winery businesses. Three of the most important practices in this field - recruitment and selection, training and development, and remuneration - and their relationship with performance in small family and non-family wineries as well as the differences in those businesses’ behaviours according to their age and size were analysed. The analysis was based on a 2016 database containing 339 Spanish wine sector SMEs, and a multivariate Bayesian regression methodology was applied. The results demonstrate a lower level of human resource management practices in small family businesses and a stronger relationship with performance than in non-family businesses. The results also show that human resource management varies according to the age and size of the company, indicating an inverted U-shaped relationship with size. On the one hand, these results highlight the importance of human resource practices in the environment of a small winery. These practices have not usually been considered as drivers of performance in small family firms. On the other hand, the results can be useful for the managers of such firms, both in the wine industry and in general, as they highlight the human resource practices that could improve the performance of those entities. The paper contributes to filling the existing gap in the literature related to small family businesses.
A Boundary Layer Parameterization for a General Model.

Abstract : A two-layer model of soil hydrology is developed from the basic soil moisture transport equations. The thin upper layer responds to short term evaporation. A thick lower layer includes the root zone and longer term water storage. The model is tested against a high-resolution soil hydrology model. Simple transpiration and canopy interception models are also included in the surface water budget. A surface energy balance is employed. Fluxes from the surface to the atmosphere are formulated with a stability-dependent bulk aerodynamic relationship and a stability dependent Penman relationship. The latter is evaluated with the Wangara data set. The model of the atmospheric boundary layer uses a stability-dependent, height dependent eddy diffusivity which provides for countergradient convective transport. Boundary layer growth is modelled with a bulk Richardson number which is generalized to include purely convective boundary layer growth. The model development emphasizes self-consistency and reduction of the number of velocity scales compared to previous models of this type.
Glyphosate-induced impact on the functional traits of the Bacillus sp. FC1 isolate

ABSTRACT The intensive use of glyphosate has shown to be harmful to non-target organisms. Considering the soil as a final herbicide acceptor, the microbial community present on it is one of the critical factors to be monitored. This study aimed to isolate Bacillus sp. , as well as to evaluate the effect of glyphosate on functional traits related to the growth and biocontrol activity of the phytopathogen. Bacillus sp. FC1 was isolated from the soil and grown in six media, in the presence and absence of glyphosate. The analysis of bacterial growth consisted of comparing the growth curves. The effect of glyphosate on the biocontrol activity was evaluated by antibiosis against the phytopathogen Fusarium sp. Glyphosate had a negative effect on the growth of the Bacillus sp. FC1 isolate. Exposure to the herbicide, based on the antibiosis method, showed no effect on the biocontrol activity of the phytopathogen. However, the sensitivity of the isolate to the herbicide may have affected its ability to initially compete for nutrients with the phytopathogen in the medium.