Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Subtitle Presentation Types on Students' Learning Outcome and Cognitive Load

Instructional video has been becoming an important learning resource in online courses. As its' common component, subtitles are usually shown at the bottom of each video. However, adding subtitles will consume a lot of time and greatly increase production costs. Providing brief-subtitle or no-subtitle could effectively improve this situation. Thus, its influence remains to be explored. Based on Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Cognitive Load Theory, through the teacher-fused instructional video on declarative knowledge, this paper set up three subtitle presentation types (no-subtitle, brief-subtitle, full-subtitle) to conduct comparison experiment. Participants watching instructional video in different subtitle presentation styles didn't exist significant difference in cognitive load. Moreover, in aspects of learning outcome, the no-subtitle group was strikingly better than two other groups. The experimental results showed that the subtitle might be not necessary in declarative knowledge instructional video.
SoK: A Systematic Review of Insider Threat Detection

Due to the subtle nature of the insider threat, government bodies and corporate organizations are forced to face the insider threat that is both malicious and accidental. In this paper, we provide a systematic understanding of the past literature that addresses the issues with insider threat detection. Our review consists of three items. First, we examine the different types of insider threats based on insider characteristics and insider activities. Second, we explore the sensors which make possible detecting insider threats in an automated way, and the public datasets available for research. Finally, the detection approaches used in related studies are examined from the perspective of technology, learning, input category, detection target, and interpretability. In particular, we have covered the state-of-the-art deep learning literature that was not covered in previous surveys.
A Review of Research on Parsons Problems

Parsons problems are a type of programming exercise where students rearrange jumbled code blocks of a solution program back into its original form. It is usually implemented as a complement or alternative to traditional programming exercises like code-tracing and code-writing. This paper reviews the existing literature on the Parsons problem in introductory CS education. We find that the flexible nature of the design of Parsons problems has led to many variants, and these have been continuously refined to better address student needs. However, the effectiveness of Parsons problems, both as a question type and as a learning tool in CS education, remains uncertain due to a lack of replicated research in the field.
Five Theses on a Renaissance of Engineering Education: Skill-Driven Learning and Teaching SDLnT

Over the next 50 years, we, the whole mankind, will have to proof whether we will on the one hand possess sufficient engineering competencies to master the great demands of sustainability and resilience and on the other hand strive on the technological progress of the digitalization. To successfully meet these challenges and fully take advantage of the technological opportunities, five theses – called SDLnT Skill-Driven Learning and Teaching - were drafted, meant to summarize the state of the discussion on engineering education.
Enabling Primary School Teachers to Deliver STEM Programmes with the Internet of Things: Challenges and Recipes for Success

The Internet of Things (IoT) offers opportunities for data collection, processing and visualisation driving fruitful mechanisms for the demonstration and execution of STEM activities. Nevertheless its application in a primary school setting is not straightforward. There are issues ranging from the capability to setup an IoT system in the class, sound knowledge of technical terminology, relevancy to curriculum and finally the provision of a positive experience to students. In this paper we discuss our experiences including lessons learnt towards providing an IoT platform for STEM promotion in primary schools, the challenges identified and the solutions formed to tackle them. The outcome, is a set of practices for making IoT practically applicable for STEM activities.
Factors Affecting E-Learning Effectiveness in a Higher Learning Institution in Afghanistan

The study of effectiveness in e-learning is a challenging and complex task for higher learning institutions. This study aims to understand the factors influencing e-learning effectiveness in the context of tertiary education in Afghanistan. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted to examine the effect of individual barriers, technological barriers, organizational barriers, and e-learning effectiveness. In general, several prior studies have focused on the factors that influence e-learning effectiveness. However, there is limited research that simultaneously captures and explains the factors impacting e-learning effectiveness in higher education institution in Afghanistan. This empirical study takes a total of 384 students from four Afghanistan universities participating in this study. Findings indicate that individual barriers, technological barriers, and organizational barriers, each had a significant impact on the effectiveness of e-learning. The findings of this study can be useful for university leadership and management, enhancing effectiveness in the e-learning.
Skill Model Estimation of Ability for Reading Drawings

In Japan, students study various ways of understanding 3D drawings in junior high school-level technical education, high school-level industrial education, and university-level engineering education. However, without an understanding of trigonometry, reading the drawings is difficult. Moreover, drawing the assembly parts is equally difficult. To address these concerns, many research studies have been conducted. These examinations have used before–after analysis, but none has used time-series data analysis. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new quantitative evaluation method of 3D recognition ability through the use of time-series analysis.
-H2AX Assay for Human Radiation Biodosimetry

For biodosimetry purposes, there are only a few minimally invasive procedures. Two of them, fast and painless are particularly suited for large scale sample collection. One is to collect buccal cells, either by scraping the patient’s inner cheek or using mouthwash. The other is to collect venous blood samples that are commonly used to obtain lymphocytes for chromosome analysis. Chromosome aberrations, such as dicentrics or translocations, have long been used as a dose indicator in biological dosimetry in cases of exposure or suspected overexposure to ionizing radiation (IAEA, 2001). The dicentric assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes is considered to be the reference method for biodosimetry: it is specific to ionizing radiation and stable enough to be used for dose estimation several months after exposure. However, it has several limitations; it is time consuming, it requires skilled personnel and needs a non-reducible period of 48-hour culture to obtain lymphocyte metaphases before chromosome scoring. One major application of biodosimetry is the identification, in the event of a large-scale radiation emergency, of the most severely exposed individuals. In this situation, a reliable bioassay is needed for population triage during the first few hours. Then, for faster dose estimation, current protocols for triage assessment call for the analysis of only 50 metaphases. This reduces the scoring delay somewhat but substantially augments the confidence interval and consequently decreases sensitivity, to 1 Gy (Miller, 2007; Voisin, 2004). The development of efficient new biodosimeters could overcome the limitations of dose sensitivity and avoid the lymphocyte culture step inherent to the dicentric assay. Potential candidates include several proteins that are involved in the early steps of cellular response to ionizing radiation and specifically to DNA damage (Marchetti, 2006). One of the primary cellular effects of ionizing radiation is the induction of DSB (double-strand breaks). Following DSB induction, hundreds of histone H2AX molecules are phosphorylated in the chromatin flanking the DSB site and generates so-called γ-H2AX (Rogakou, 1998). The production of fluorescent antibodies specific for γ-H2AX coupled with fluorescence microscopy led to the development of sensitive assays that make it possible to visualize discrete nuclear foci at DSB sites (Rogakou, 1999). Foci induction and disappearance over time follows DSB rejoining in repair-competent cells, suggesting a correlation between initial as well as residual radiation-induced DSB and γ-H2AX foci (Rothkamm & Horn,
Clinical effect of total glucosides of peony combined with small-dose of glucocorticoid on 96 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective To explore the curative effect of total glucosides of peony(TGP) combined with small-dose of glucocorticoid on systemic lupus erythematosus.Methods Ninety-six patients from our hospital between June 2010 and June 2012 were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The control group received oral prednisone acetate tablets and injection of cyclophosphamide,and the treatment group received TGP in addition to the treatment of the control group.After 3-month treatment,the clinical effect,C3,IgG,24h-UTP,and integral of sledai(SLEDAI) in both groups were evaluated.Results The clinical efficacy of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group(P0.01). Laboratory efficacy indicators of both groups were all increased to certain degrees.The improvement was better in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.05 or P0.01). After treatment,the integrals of sledai of both groups were noticeably lower than what they were before(P0.01). But there was not significant difference before treatment.Conclusion TGP combined with small-dose of glucocorticoid is effective in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.Thus it is worthy of clinical application.
Contrasting size-resolved hygroscopicity of fine particles derived by HTDMA and HR-ToF-AMS measurements between summer and winter in Beijing: the impacts of aerosol aging and local emissions

Abstract. The effects of aerosols on visibility through scattering and absorption of light and on climate through altering cloud droplet concentration are closely associated with their hygroscopic properties. Here, based on field campaigns in winter and summer in Beijing, we compare the size-resolved hygroscopic parameter (κgf) of ambient fine particles derived by an HTDMA (hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer) to that (denoted as κchem) calculated by an HR-ToF-AMS (high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer) measurements using a simple rule with the hypothesis of uniform internal mixing of aerosol particles. We mainly focus on contrasting the disparity of κgf and κchem between summer and winter to reveal the impact of atmospheric processes/emission sources on aerosol hygroscopicity and to evaluate the uncertainty in estimating particle hygroscopicity with the hypothesis. We show that, in summer, the κchem for 110, 150, and 200 nm particles was on average ∼10 %–12 % lower than κgf, with the greatest difference between the values observed around noontime when aerosols experience rapid photochemical aging. In winter, no apparent disparity between κchem and κgf is observed for those >100 nm particles around noontime, but the κchem is much higher than κgf in the late afternoon when ambient aerosols are greatly influenced by local traffic and cooking sources. By comparing with the observation from the other two sites (Xingtai, Hebei and Xinzhou, Shanxi) of north China, we verify that atmospheric photochemical aging of aerosols enhances their hygroscopicity and leads to 10 %–20 % underestimation in κchem if using the uniform internal mixing assumption. The effect is found more significant for these >100 nm particles observed in remote or clean regions. The lower κchem likely resulted from multiple impacts of inappropriate application of the density and hygroscopic parameter of organic aerosols in the calculation, as well as influences from chemical interaction between organic and inorganic compounds on the overall hygroscopicity of mixed particles. We also find that local/regional primary emissions, which result in a large number of externally mixed BC (black carbon) and POA (primary organic aerosol) in urban Beijing during traffic rush hour time, cause a 20 %–40 % overestimation of the hygroscopic parameter. This is largely due to an inappropriate use of density of the BC particles that is closely associated with its morphology or the degree of its aging. The results show that the calculation can be improved by applying an effective density of fresh BC (0.25–0.45 g cm−3) in the mixing rule assumption. Our study suggests that it is critical to measure the effective density and morphology of ambient BC, in particular in those regions with influences of rapid secondary conversion/aging processes and local sources, so as to accurately parameterize the effect of BC aging on particle hygroscopicity.
PASTORINO, M. J. and L. A. GALLO: Spatial structure of mating in a low-density natural population of the dioecious wind-pol-

The major drawback of microsatellites analysis is that they are expensive to develop, labor-intensive and demand skilled personnel. However, such studies might be still simplified and accelerated by multiplexing of the markers and the use of highthroughput systems for genotyping DNA fragments. In this paper we present a single, simple and highly effective PCRmultiplex reaction composed of six chloroplast microsatellites widely used for population studies in pines but here applied to Pinus sylvestris. The reaction allows for rapid genotyping of large sample sizes.
Policy Improvement Methods for Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Spaces

State-of-the-art critic-only reinforcement learning methods can deal with a small discrete action space. The most common approach to real-world problems that require continuous actions is to discretize the action space. In this paper a method is proposed to derive a continuous-action policy based on a value function that has been computed for discrete actions by using any known algorithm such as value iteration. Several variants of the policy-derivation algorithm are introduced and compared on two continuous state-action benchmarks: double pendulum swing-up and 3D mountain car.
ABudget for the Size of Convective 3 Self-aggregation

Funding information TomBeucler: NSF AGS-1520683, Timothy Cronin: NSF AGS-1623218 There is no consensus on the physical mechanisms controlling the scale at which convective activity organizes near the Equator. Here, we introduce a diagnostic framework relating the evolution of the length scale of convective aggregation to the net radiative heating, the surface enthalpy flux, and horizontal energy transport. We evaluate these expansion tendencies of convective aggregation in twenty high-resolution cloud-permitting simulations of radiativeconvective equilibrium. While both radiative fluxes contribute to convective aggregation, the net longwave radiativefluxoperates at large scales (1000-5000km) and stretches the size of moist and dry regions, while the net shortwave flux operates at smaller scales (500-2000 km) and shrinks it. The surfaceflux expansion tendency is dominatedby convective gustiness, which acts to aggregate convective activity at smaller scales (500-3000 km).
TRIUMF-RESEARCH PROPOSAL

C. Ruiz TRIUMF/U. York Research Associate 40 % J. Dilling UBC Adjunct Professor 50 % R. Hoffman LLNL Research Scientist 10 % S. Woosley U. Santa Cruz Full Professor 5 % J. Pruet LLNL Research Scientist 5 % A.M. Laird U. York Lecturer 10 % B.R. Fulton U. York Full Professor 5 % C. Vockenhuber TRIUMF Research Associate 15 % M. Pearson TRIUMF Research Scientist 5 % J.M. D'Auria SFU Full Professor 10 % J. Pearson U. McMaster Research Associate 15 % M. Trinczek TRIUMF/SFU Research Associate 15 % P. Delheij TRIUMF Research Scientist 10 % G. Gwinner U. Manitoba Assistant Professor 10 %
PHOTONIC LAB ON A CHIP ON POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE SEGMENTED WAVEGUIDES FOR LOCAL MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL DENSITY

In the present work a photonic lab on a chip (LoC) based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) segmented waveguides (SWG) for local monitoring of optical densities is presented. Firstly, to evaluate the performance of SWG in LoC configurations, the limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity for methylorange and fluorescein were determined, obtaining 5.2 ± 0.1 μM and 0.0055 ± 0.0002 U.A. /μM for methylorange and 1.76 ± 0.02 and 0.0191 ± 0.0002 U.A. /μM for fluorescein. Once the validity of such configuration was assured, it was used for locally measuring the optical density with a continuous cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The presented results are very promising for the application in disposable photonic lab on a chip systems used for online analysis.
Dynamic Algorithm Configuration: Foundation of a New Meta-Algorithmic Framework

The performance of many algorithms in the ﬁelds of hard combinatorial problem solving, machine learning or AI in general depends on parameter tuning. Automated methods have been proposed to alleviate users from the tedious and error-prone task of manually searching for performance-optimized conﬁgurations across a set of problem instances. However, there is still a lot of untapped potential through adjusting an algorithm’s parameters online since different parameter values can be optimal at different stages of the algorithm. Prior work showed that reinforcement learning is an effective approach to learn policies for online adjustments of algorithm parameters in a data-driven way. We extend that approach by formulating the resulting dynamic algorithm conﬁguration as a contextual MDP, such that RL not only learns a policy for a single instance, but across a set of instances. To lay the foundation for studying dynamic algorithm conﬁguration with RL in a controlled setting, we propose white-box benchmarks covering major aspects that make dynamic al-gorithm conﬁguration a hard problem in practice and study the performance of various types of conﬁguration strategies for them. On these white-box benchmarks, we show that (i) RL is a robust candidate for learning conﬁguration policies, outperforming standard parameter optimization approaches, such as classical algorithm conﬁg-uration; (ii) based on function approximation, RL agents can learn to generalize to new types of instances; and (iii) self-paced learning can substantially improve the performance by selecting a useful sequence of training instances automatically.
Egalito: Layout-Agnostic Binary Recompilation

For comprehensive analysis of all executable code, and fast turn-around time for transformations, it is essential to operate directly on binaries to enable profiling, security hardening, and architectural adaptation. Disassembling binaries is difficult, and prior work relies on a process virtual machine to translate references on the fly or inefficient binary code patching. Our Egalito recompiler leverages metadata present in current stripped x86_64 and ARM64 binaries to generate a complete disassembly, and allows arbitrary modifications that may affect program layout without any constraints from the original binary. We utilize our own layout-agnostic intermediate representation, which is low-level enough to make the regeneration of output code predictable, yet supports a dual high-level representation for sophisticated analysis. We demonstrate nine binary tools including a novel continuous code randomization technique where Egalito transforms itself, and software emulation of the control-flow integrity in upcoming hardware. We evaluated Egalito on a large set of Debian packages, completely analyzing 99.9% of a selection of 867 executables and libraries; a majority of 149 applicable Debian packages pass all tests under Egalito. On SPEC CPU 2006, thanks to our binary optimizations, Egalito actually observes a 1.7% performance speedup.
Other-Regarding Preferences and Redistributive Politics

Increasing inequality and associated egalitarian sentiments have again put redistribution on the political agenda. Support for redistribution may also be affected by altruistic and egalitarian preferences, but knowledge about the distribution of these preferences in the broader population and how they relate to political support for redistributive policies is still scarce. In this paper, we take advantage of Swiss direct democracy, where people voted several times in national plebiscites on strongly redistributive policies, to study the link between other-regarding preferences and support for redistribution in a broad sample of the Swiss population. Based on a recently developed non-parametric clustering procedure, we identify three disjunct groups of individuals with fundamentally different other-regarding preferences: (i) a large share of inequality averse people, (ii) a somewhat smaller yet still large share of people with an altruistic concern for social welfare and the worse off, and (iii) a considerable minority of primarily selfish individuals. Controlling for a large number of determinants of support for redistribution, we document that inequality aversion and altruistic concerns play an important role for redistributive voting that is particularly pronounced for above-median income earners. However, the role of these motives differs depending on the nature of redistributive proposals. Inequality aversion has large and robust effects in plebiscites that demand income reductions for the rich, while altruistic concerns play no significant role in these plebiscites.