Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Overset Mesh with Morphing Mesh: Flow Over a Forced Oscillating and Freely Oscillating 2D Cylinder

Fluid structural interactions involve temporal change of the boundaries of the computational domain as a result of the fluid forces acting on the solid structure. In order to take into account this change, OpenFOAM offers two different methods: the overset method and the morphing mesh method. The morphing mesh method takes into account the boundary movement by changing the topology of the mesh but keeping the connectivity between cells unchanged. The overset methods consists in non overlapping meshes which are moving relative to a background mesh. Usually the meshes do not change the topology. The coupling between meshes is achieved by interpolation of the variables between the meshes. Both methods are compared with each other and reference experiments and simulation by taking a two-dimensional laminar flow around a cylinder. The results are found to agree reasonable well with the references. Both mesh types give similar results for similar number of cells.
N-Terminus-Mediated Solution Structure of Dimerization Domain of PRC1

Simple Summary The solution structure of the N-terminal domain of Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) was determined, and compared with the previously published crystal structure, significant differences were found. Extensive analyses were carried out to find the true reason for the differences between the solution and crystal structures, we discovered that this might be related to the conformation of residue M1, which is buried in the protein core of the solution structure, while situated outside of the hydrophobic core in the crystal structure. In this study, we have carried out a series of examinations using various methods and confirmed that the N terminal conformation is the key point in better describing the structure of PRC1 dimerization domain under solution conditions. Abstract Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are essential for the accurate division of a cell into two daughter cells. These proteins target specific microtubules to be incorporated into the spindle midzone, which comprises a special array of microtubules that initiate cytokinesis during anaphase. A representative member of the MAPs is Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis 1 (PRC1), which self-multimerizes to cross-link microtubules, the malfunction of which might result in cancerous cells. The importance of PRC1 multimerization makes it a popular target for structural studies. The available crystal structure of PRC1 has low resolution (>3 Å) and accuracy, limiting a better understanding of the structure-related functions of PRC1. Therefore, we used NMR spectroscopy to better determine the structure of the dimerization domain of PRC1. The NMR structure shows that the PRC1 N terminus is crucial to the overall structure integrity, but the crystal structure bespeaks otherwise. We systematically addressed the role of the N terminus by generating a series of mutants in which N-terminal residues methionine (Met1) and arginine (Arg2) were either deleted, extended or substituted with other rationally selected amino acids. Each mutant was subsequently analyzed by NMR spectroscopy or fluorescence thermal shift assays for its structural or thermal stability; we found that N-terminal perturbations indeed affected the overall protein structure and that the solution structure better reflects the conformation of PRC1 under solution conditions. These results reveal that the structure of PRC1 is governed by its N terminus through hydrophobic interactions with other core residues, such hitherto unidentified N-terminal conformations might shed light on the structure–function relationships of PRC1 or other proteins. Therefore, our study is of major importance in terms of identifying a novel structural feature and can further the progress of protein folding and protein engineering.
Accurate discharge coefficient prediction of streamlined weirs by coupling linear regression and deep convolutional gated recurrent unit

ABSTRACT Streamlined weirs, which are a nature-inspired type of weir, have gained tremendous attention among hydraulic engineers, mainly owing to their established performance with high discharge coefficients. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is considered as a robust tool to predict the discharge coefficient. To bypass the computational cost of CFD-based assessment, the present study proposes data-driven modeling techniques, as an alternative to CFD simulation, to predict the discharge coefficient based on an experimental dataset. To this end, after splitting the dataset using a k-fold cross-validation technique, the performance assessment of classical and hybrid machine learning–deep learning (ML-DL) algorithms is undertaken. Among ML techniques, linear regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and decision tree (DT) algorithms are studied. In the context of DL, long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), and their hybrid forms, such as LSTM-GRU, CNN-LSTM and CNN-GRU techniques, are compared using different error metrics. It is found that the proposed three-layer hierarchical DL algorithm, consisting of a convolutional layer coupled with two subsequent GRU levels, which is also hybridized with the LR method (i.e. LR-CGRU), leads to lower error metrics. This paper paves the way for data-driven modeling of streamlined weirs.
Design of high-performance hybrid branch-line couplers for wideband and space-limited applications

This study presents a new design method of high-performance broadband equal-split branch-line couplers with compact footprints. Size reduction as well as wideband operation are achieved here by using cascaded slow-wave cells in place of conventional transmission lines that are basic building blocks of a reference structure. The initial stage of the design process involves numerical optimisation of the reference coupler equivalent circuit model to enhance its performance and account for practical design limitations. The next stage concerns determination of a repetition factor of the recurrent slow-wave structure that provides sufficient bandwidth and phase characteristics to be a suitable substitute for a conventional line. The subsequent steps include cell optimisation using fine electromagnetic simulations, local response surface modelling of the single cell, and surrogate-based optimisation of the recurrent slow-wave structure composed of cascaded cell approximation models. Additionally, minor T-junction and proximity effects that deteriorate the performance of the compact coupler are compensated by means of surrogate-assisted design closure. The proposed method is demonstrated by two numerical examples. The compact couplers obtained in this study illustrate the highest bandwidth-to-size ratio when compared against state-of-the-art wideband couplers from the literature. Experimental verification of one of the examples confirms the reliability of the proposed design approach.
Instability criteria for high arch dams using catastrophe theory

The integral safety of high arch dams mainly depends on the stability of supporting rock system.There is no standard for the instability criteria for high arch dams due to its complexity.The instability criteria for the FEM stability analysis of high arch dam and its cusp catastrophe model are discussed firstly.Then the advantages of plastic zone connection criteria,catastrophe criteria of plastic strain energy and displacement are analyzed.The case shows that the plastic zone connection criteria are affected obviously by dam local factor and artificial factor,and that the displacement catastrophe criteria may produce different stability analysis results due to different monitoring points.Whereas the plastic strain energy is unique and reflected correctly for high arch dams under typical load condition,the catastrophe of the plastic strain energy of high arch dams is a better criterion.
Development and Implementation of Distance Education (PJJ) with Credit Earning System at The Universitas Andalas Agribusiness Study Program

One of the Merdeka Learning programs at Merdeka Campus is the implementation of Credit Earning activities. The credit earning system can be applied with face-to-face learning and distance learning. The Agribusiness Study Program is conducting credit earning activities with Distance Learning with 4 private universities in West Sumatra. This is also supported by the Covid-19 condition which causes lectures to be conducted online. Activity Distance Learning is carried out in 3 courses in the Agribusiness Study Program, namely Organizational Behavior, Agribusiness Communication, and Gender and Agricultural Development. The purpose of implementing PJJ is to provide opportunities for other tertiary students to gain experience studying in the Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, to encourage the team of course supervisors at the Agribusiness Study Program to develop and administer unique and quality PJJ courses. The learning method used is a combination of virtual synchronous and asynchronous virtual. For the virtual synchronous method, zoom meeting and whatsapp group platforms are used, while for the virtual asynchronous method, it is done using the ilearn platform. The generally applied learning methods are student center learning such as: small group discussion, case based learning, class discussion in general, PJJ activities went well. The results of the evaluation that have been carried out show that partner students can easily attend lectures held at the Agribusiness Study Program. There is a slight difference in learning methods between the Agribusiness Study Program and the university of origin, but the activeness of students in following the learning materials and assignments is still low. This PJJ lecture program needs to be continued with several improvements, including: 1). Improved coordination between home universities, study programs, and course lecturers. 2). It is necessary for each course to socialize the rules of lectures and RPS to PJJ students, 3). PJJ lectures are better done not only with private universities around West Sumatra but also with other equal state universities.
Measurement and Analysis of The Low-voltage Power Line Narrow-band Carrier Communication Channel Attenuation

As one of communication lines, the channel characteristics of the low-voltage power line has a great impact on communication quality. Thus, it is necessary to study the channel measurement technology. This paper proposes an improved carrier attenuation measurement approach, which selects typical station areas and uses rigorous methods to test the attenuation characteristics of the narrow-band(50~500 kHz) low-voltage power line channel. By analyzing the measuring data, this paper concludes that in the city and the urban-rural integration area, the cable length is not the main factor infl uencing the carrier attenuation of the narrowband low voltage power line, further cable movements, grid node distribution and resonance have greater impact on the carrier signal attenuation than the cable length.
Simonachne, a new genus for Australia segregated from Ancistrachne s.l. (Poaceae : Panicoideae : Paniceae) and a new subtribe Cleistochloinae

ABSTRACT A new genus, Simonachne E.J.Thomps. is described and Ancistrachne maidenii (A.A.Ham.) Vickery is transferred to it as Simonachne maidenii (A.A.Ham.) E.J.Thomps. The new subtribe Cleistochloinae E.J.Thomps. is described and is composed of four genera, Calyptochloa, Cleistochloa, Dimorphochloa and Simonachne, united by distinctive morphology that is associated with reproductive dimorphism. Phenetic analyses were used to examine the similarities of taxa and to test the consistency of results with variation in analysis inputs. Input variations included the dataset in terms of composition of the samples and morphological characters, and the cluster analysis algorithms, viz. classification, ordination and association measure. A baseline dataset was used for comparison of results and comprised 24 samples and 161 characters relating to anatomy, micro- and macromorphology of spikelets, leaves and fertile culms. Three major clusters were resolved, Cleistochloinae (‘the cleistogamy group‚), Neurachninae in its original sense, and a cluster referred to as the ‘paniculate inflorescence group‚ composed of Ancistrachne s.s. , Entolasia and Panicum s.s. The results were congruent with a recent phylogenetic study that showed that Ancistrachne s.l. , Cleistochloa s.l. and Dimorphochloa s.l. were not monophyletic. The process provided an array of morphological characters for descriptions of species and for distinguishing taxa at multiple ranks in natural groups, components of alpha and beta taxonomy respectively.
Synthetic Theft Attacks and Long Short Term Memory-Based Preprocessing for Electricity Theft Detection Using Gated Recurrent Unit

Electricity theft is one of the challenging problems in smart grids. The power utilities around the globe face huge economic loss due to ET. The traditional electricity theft detection (ETD) models confront several challenges, such as highly imbalance distribution of electricity consumption data, curse of dimensionality and inevitable effects of non-malicious factors. To cope with the aforementioned concerns, this paper presents a novel ETD strategy for smart grids based on theft attacks, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) called TLGRU. It includes three subunits: (1) synthetic theft attacks based data balancing, (2) LSTM based feature extraction, and (3) GRU based theft classification. GRU is used for drift identification. It stores and extracts the long-term dependency in the power consumption data. It is beneficial for drift identification. In this way, a minimum false positive rate (FPR) is obtained. Moreover, dropout regularization and Adam optimizer are added in GRU for tackling overfitting and trapping model in the local minima, respectively. The proposed TLGRU model uses the realistic EC profiles of the Chinese power utility state grid corporation of China for analysis and to solve the ETD problem. From the simulation results, it is exhibited that 1% FPR, 97.96% precision, 91.56% accuracy, and 91.68% area under curve for ETD are obtained by the proposed model. The proposed model outperforms the existing models in terms of ETD.
An optimization model by using unequal spacing blades for turbine noise reduction

The fundamental cause for the turbine discrete noise is its equally spaced blades. So the most efficient way to reduce the discrete noise is to break the equally spacing fashion of the blades. This paper gives an optimization model to minimize the A-weighted sound level with the blade circumferencial angle as the design variable. The model fully takes into account the low and high frequency attenuation properties of synthesis attenuation curve, which is calculated from the moduct of the A-weighted function and the Sc parameter for the response of the fluctuating force to the fluctuating flow, and the fact the human audible sound frequency range is between 20Hz and 20000Hz. Simulation is given and the validity proved.
Himalayan musk deer (Moshcus leucogaster) behavior at latrine sites and their implications in conservation

Abstract Elusive species often use latrines which also serves as communication and information hubs. Thus, studying behavior at latrines may provide critical insights into the species’ ecology and behavior. While it is established that musk deer use latrines for defecating, very little is known about the endangered Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) and their latrines. We examined musk deer behavior from the various video clips lasting 238 min altogether, captured at latrine sites during both breeding and non‐breeding seasons in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal. A total of 428 visits by musk deer and 479 behavioral events by them were captured. We constructed an ethogram to describe musk deer behavior and compared behavior across individuals and sex using parametric and non‐parametric tests. We found that musk deer are crepuscular and nocturnal animals. Both male and female musk deer repeatedly and independently visited shared latrine sites as well as exclusively used latrine sites. The proportion of male musk deer visited latrine sites were significantly higher than that of female musk deer. Hence, male musk deer were found more active (>2 times) than females during both seasons. The most frequently observed behavioral activities at the latrine sites were defecating, sniffing and browsing, followed by scrapping and covering, and ignoring the latrine sites. The defecating and sniffing activity were performed throughout breeding and non‐breeding seasons to establish communication among peers and to claim territory. Based on the behaviors observed at the latrine sites, we can presume that Himalayan musk deer likely use latrines to convey various messages, including personality, maturity, sexual status, and territory marking among conspecifics. These findings of this study can be used for the conservation of musk deer in its natural habitat and replicated in captivity to enhance breeding performance that improves long‐term conservation prospects for this species.
Dualities and dilemmas: contending with uncertainty in large-scale safety-critical projects

Uncertainty is a fact of project life. Most decisions that are made on a safety-critical project involve uncertainty, the consequences of which may be highly significant to the safe and timely delivery of the project. Based on interviews with project management practitioners on nine large-scale civil nuclear and aerospace projects, we explore how uncertainty emerges, and how project management practitioners identify, analyse and act on it. We make three important contributions. First, we present three approaches – structural, behavioural and relational – that individuals and organizations can adopt when contending with project uncertainty. Secondly, we characterize nine dualities at play in the management of project uncertainty and thirdly, we identify key differences between how civil nuclear and aerospace project managers confront project uncertainty, which have important implications for how projects might be organized in both these industry sectors. Drawing attention to the structural, behavioural and relational approaches to project uncertainty and the tensions that manifest themselves in each approach should enable the project management community to make progress in environments of high uncertainty where situations are often complex, rapidly changing and confusing, and yet where, for reasons of safety, failure is not an option.
Sub-surface stratification and dielectric permittivity distribution at the Chang'e-4 landing site revealed by the lunar penetrating radar

Context. In 2019, China’s Chang’E-4 (CE-4) probe landed on the far side of the Moon: a ﬁrst in lunar exploration. The Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) mounted on the Yutu-2 rover allows the mapping of the near-surface structure and the dielectric permittivity of the landing area. The dielectric properties of the lunar soil affect the propagation of the LPR signals, which can be used to infer the depth of sub-surface boundaries and derive the composition of the component materials. Aims. Our objectives are to estimate the ﬁne-resolution spatial distribution of relative permittivity and to improve the interpretation of the geological processes combined with the radargram of the CE-4 landing area. Methods. We used a modiﬁed method that combines the F-K migration and the minimum entropy of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals to estimate the velocity and permittivity values; this has the advantage of obtaining the appropriate velocity and permittivity, even with the incomplete or unnoticeable hyperbolic curves in the radar image Results. The sub-surface stratiﬁcation of the CE-4 landing area is seen in the ﬁrst 31 lunar days of the LPR data. A ﬁne-resolution dielectric permittivity proﬁle ranging from ∼ 2.3 to ∼ 6.3 is obtained with our method, and the actual depths of the observed prominent sub-surface interfaces are determined, giving a maximum average depth of ∼ 38 m. The thickness of the regolith layer is in the range of ∼ 5.7–15.6 m, with an average of 11.8 m. The permittivity of the near-surface regolith (<30 cm) is ∼ 2.78 ± 0.01, the bulk density is 1.57 ± 0.01 gcm − 3 , which is close to the results of ∼ 1.61 gcm − 3 at the Apollo 15 landing area. The permittivity map is consistent with the radargram; the regolith and the paleo-regolith layer have relatively low permittivity and low echo strengths, while the rock debris has high permittivity and shows strong echos in the radargram. Two buried craters of different diameters beneath the navigation sites 4–11 and 16–31 are revealed in the radar proﬁle. The permittivity distribution map can show detailed variations of material properties both inside and outside craters.
Impact of Cereal Production Displacement from Urban Expansion on Ecosystem Service Values in China: Based on Three Cropland Supplement Strategies

The acceleration of global urban expansion constantly occupies high-quality cropland and affects regional food security. The implementation of cropland protection policies has alleviated the pressure of cropland loss worldwide, and thus keeping a dynamic balance of cereal production. Such a displacement of cereal production from the lost cropland to the supplemented cropland has resulted in the massive losses of natural habitats (such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands) as well as ecosystem service values. However, the impact of cereal production displacement caused by different cropland supplement strategies has not been concerned. Therefore, taking China (mainland) as a case, this study used the LANDSCAPE model to simulate cereal production displacement caused by urban expansion and cropland supplement between 2020 and 2040, based on three scales of the Chinese administration system (i.e., the national level, the provincial level, and the municipal level). The natural habitat loss and corresponding ecosystem service value (ESV) loss were assessed. The results show that the national-scale cereal displacement will lead to a large reclamation of cropland in North China, causing the most natural habitat loss (5090 km2), and the least ESV loss (46.53 billion yuan). Cereal production displacement at the provincial and municipal scales will lead to fewer natural habitat losses (4696 km2 and 4954 km2, respectively), but more ESV losses (54.16 billion yuan and 54.02 billion yuan, respectively). Based on the national food security and ecological conservation in China, this study discussed the reasons for the ecological effects of cereal production displacement, direct and indirect natural habitat loss of urban expansion, and cropland protection policies in China. We suggest that China’s cropland protection policy should emphasize avoiding large-scale cropland displacement and occupation of natural habitat with high ESV for cropland supplement.