Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-K granophyres of the Stillwater Complex , Montana

Small bodies of granophyre occur as a volumetrically insignificant but ubiquitous component of the Banded series of the Stillwater Complex. White to pink granophyre typically occurs as veins, l-12 cm thick and as much as 100 m long. A geochemically similar body of coalescing alaskite dikes, associated with an occurrence of Pt-group elements in the Banded series of the complex, crops out approximately 2 km south-southeast of Picket Pin Mountain over an area 130 by 210 m. Analyzed samples contain 77-79 wto/o SiO, and, with one exception, less than 0.12 wto/o KrO. Albite or oligoclase and quartz, commonly in granophyric, plumose, or graphic intergrowths, commonly make up more than 97 volo/o of the veins. Rare-earth-element contents of whole-rock samples and feldspar separates are as much as 100 times those of chondrites; typically, there is a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. Considering host rocks and chemistry, these rocks are comparable to the most siliceous examples of oceanic plagiogranite. The Stillwater granophyres, however, are enriched in Si, Th, U, and LREEs, and depleted in K, Fe, and Eu, relative to oceanic granophyres. The relatively voluminous granophyres ofclassic diabase-granophyre associations contain 1.9-5.0 wto/o KrO and 57-7 4 wto/o SiOr; they are readily interpreted as crystallization differentiates. In contrast, we interpret granophyres of the type found in the Stillwater Complex, characterized by very low KrO content, near-constant high SiO, content, and varying, commonly anomalously high CaO content, to have evolved during the latest stages of consolidation, in equilibrium with a high-temperature aqueous chloride solution. We suggest that these granophyres may typically represent material transported by and precipitated from these solutions.
1 Improving Decisions to Mitigate the Risks of 2 Organizational Accidents 3

This paper examines cognitive biases which affect the ability of decision makers to make rational 8 decisions in an organizational context. The motivation for this analysis begins with the observation of 9 catastrophic accidents caused by human error but in an organizational context. This paper expands on the 10 concept of cognitive bias to define organizational biases which are the factors that affect decisions in an 11 organizational context. The paper distinguishes between organizational biases, which are the focus of this paper, 12 and individual biases, which are biases experienced by individuals but may have organizational consequences. 13 The purpose of this paper is to identify methods to mitigate the risks of organizational accidents, accidents 14 which involve many people operating at different levels of an organization. The methodology is to identify 15 those decisions that would address the specific organizational biases. The focus of this paper is the decisions for 16 mitigating the risks associated with decisions in an organizational context. Results are shown for seven 17 organizational biases, six specific case studies, and four decision options. This paper concludes that 18 organizational biases are intrinsically different from individual biases and that these differences lead to different 19 decision options from those that mitigate individual biases; however, they may exist concurrently. 20
Employment behaviour in slack and tight labour markets

Empirical and theoretical studies suggest that employment behaviour varies with the state of the labour market since hiring and Þrings costs depend on the availability of labour. Extending earlier empirical work on this subject, we test for state dependence in employment adjustment and in the effects of forcing variables such as indicators of aggregate demand. We also test whether anticipated labour shortage leads to multiple equilibria in (un)employment. In the inquiry, we employ a linear vector equilibrium correction model (VEqCM) and two states Markov switching VEqCMs. The models are based on quarterly data for Norwegian industry employment and aggregate unemployment in the period 1974—96. We Þnd clear evidence of state dependent adjustment and response to changes in forcing variables. Yet equilibrium solutions for the employment and unemployment appear invariant to cyclical and structural changes in the sample. Shifts in long run means of the variables are shown to depend on exogenous factors, product demand and unit labour costs in particular.
Process Tomography of Photon Creation and Annihilation Operators

The photon creation and annihilation operators are cornerstones of the quantum description of the electromagnetic field. They signify the isomorphism of the optical Hilbert space to that of the harmonic oscillator and the bosonic nature of photons. We perform complete experimental characterization (quantum process tomography) of these operators. By measuring, via homodyne detection, their effect on coherent states, we obtain their process tensor in the Fock basis, which explicitly shows the ’raising’ and ’lowering’ properties of these operators with respect to photon number states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of complete tomography of trace-non-preserving quantum processes. All output states are characterized through their corresponding Wigner functions. Results are also validated through theoretical modeling. Furthermore, the photon addition and subtraction operations are characterized through the diagonal elements of the process tensors and are validated through theoretical generated data using Monte Carlo simulation.
Small gas-turbine combustor experimental study - compliant metal/ceramic liner and performance evaluation. Technical memo

Combustor research relating to the development of fuel-efficient small gas-turbine engines capable of meeting future commercial and military aviation needs is currently underway at NASA Lewis. As part of this combustor research, a basic reverse-flow combustor has been used to investigate advanced liner-wall cooling techniques. Liner temperature, performance, and exhaust emissions of the experimental combustor utilizing compliant metal/ceramic liners were determined and compared with three previously reported combustors that featured: (1) splash film-cooled liner walls; (2) transpiration-cooled liner walls; and (3) counterflow film-cooled panels.
Mobile Oriented Future Internet (MOFI):Architectural Design and Implementations

With the recent growth in smartphone services, the “mobile” environment has become a key factor to consider in the design of the future Internet. In this paper, we propose Mobile‐Oriented Future Internet (MOFI), which is a new architecture for the future Internet for mobile‐oriented environments. The MOFI architecture is designed with three functional features: global identifier and local locator in the identifier‐locator separation, query‐first data delivery for route optimization, and distributed control of identifier‐locator mapping. The proposed architecture and functional operations are implemented and tested using the Linux platform. From the experiment results, we see that the MOFI architecture performs better than the existing identifier‐locator separation schemes, such as Proxy Mobile IP and Host Identity Protocol, in terms of data throughout, mapping control overhead, and handover delay.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Symbiotic Archaea in the Gut of the Higher Termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis Fed with Various Carbon Sources

The phylogenetic relationship of archaea in the gut of the wood-feeding higher termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis fed with various carbon sources was investigated using a clonal analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The representative phylotypes were affiliated with the Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, Methanobacteriales, and Thermoplasmatales of the Euryarchaeota, and with the Crenarchaeota. The majority of clones obtained in this study were closely related to those obtained from other termite species, regardless of the carbon source in the feed. The relative clone frequencies of the libraries from wood powder-, xylose-, cellobiose-, and glucose-fed termites were similar to those from the library of wood-fed termites. On the other hand, the relative clone frequency of the library from xylan-fed termites in which the Thermoplasmatales predominated differed from that of the library from the wood-fed termites. These results suggest that, except for xylan, the carbohydrate components in feeds have a limited influence on archaeal community structures.
Performance analysis of a novel rotationally asymmetrical 1 compound parabolic concentrator 2

The low-concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system has been identified as one of 22 the potential solutions in lowering the overall installation cost of a building integrated 23 photovoltaic (BIPV) system. This paper evaluates the performance of a novel type of LCPV 24 concentrator known as the rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator 25 (RACPC). A specific RACPC design with a geometrical concentration ratio of 3.6675x was 26 fabricated and integrated with a 1 cm by 1 cm monocrystalline laser grooved buried contact 27 silicon solar cell. This design was tested indoors to evaluate its current-voltage (I-V), angular 28 response and thermal characteristics. Under standard test conditions, it was found that the 29 RACPC increases the short circuit current by 3.01x and the maximum power by 3.33x when 30 compared with a bare solar cell. The opto-electronic gain from the experiment showed good 31 agreement when compared with the simulation results, with a deviation of 11%. 32
Entanglement, intractability and no-signaling

We consider the problem of deriving the no-signaling condition from the assumption that, as seen from a complexity theoretic perspective, the universe is not an exponential place. A fact that disallows such a derivation is the existence of polynomial superluminal gates, hypothetical primitive operations that enable superluminal signaling but not the efficient solution of intractable problems. It therefore follows, if this assumption is a basic principle of physics, either that it must be supplemented with additional assumptions to prohibit such gates or, improbably, that no-signaling is not a universal condition. Yet a gate of this kind is possibly implicit, although not recognized as such, in a decade-old quantum optical experiment involving position–momentum entangled photons. Here, we describe a feasible modified version of the experiment that appears to explicitly demonstrate the action of this gate. Some obvious counter-claims are shown to be invalid. We believe that the unexpected possibility of polynomial superluminal operations arises because some practically measured quantum optical quantities are not describable as standard quantum mechanical observables.
The Influence of MgO Nanoparticles on the Osseointegration of Polycaprolactone - Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Interfaces

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors MK and BS designed the study and supervised the experiments. Author MBV directed the absorbance test study. Author MK wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on the cell viability of a sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel and to evaluate the influence of MgO nanoparticles on the interface tensile strength between polycaprolactone (PCL) and SA hydrogel scaffolds after two weeks of cell culture. Study Design: Mouse osteoblast cells (MT3T3E1) were cultured on two groups of scaffolds: SA hydrogel and SA hydrogel with 22 nm MgO particles. Quantitative cell viability tests were conducted on each of the samples to compare the influence of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on cell viability between the two groups. MT3T3E1 cells were cultured on two groups of coupled PCL-SA hydrogel scaffolds: PCL-SA hydrogel scaffold and PCL-SA hydrogel scaffold with 22 nm MgO particles. Tension tests were conducted on the coupled samples to compare the interface tensile strength between the two groups. Laboratory at the University of Central Oklahoma between June 2009 and May 2011. Methodology: Standard cell culture protocols were used to culture cells on SA hydrogel scaffolds with and without MgO nanoparticles for 4 and 24 hours. Absorbance and fluorescent intensity tests were conducted for quantitative measurements of cell viability. Cells were cultured on PCL-SA coupled scaffolds for 2 weeks. A custom tension setup was designed and fabricated to conduct tension tests on the coupled scaffolds to quantify the mechanical strength of the osseointegration. Results: This research found that SA hydrogel scaffolds containing MgO nanoparticles demonstrated higher osteoblast cell activity compared to SA hydrogel without MgO. The study also found reduced interface tensile strength when PCL-SA coupled scaffolds contained MgO nanoparticles. Conclusion: This study thus suggested that MgO nanoparticle improves the cell viability of SA hydrogel, but it is detrimental for the osseointegration of PCL-SA hydrogel constructs.
Patch-based Non-rigid 3 D Reconstruction from a Single Depth Stream Carmel

We propose an approach for 3D reconstruction and tracking of dynamic surfaces using a single depth sensor, without any prior knowledge of the scene. It is robust to rapid inter-frame motions due to the probabilistic expectation-maximization non-rigid registration framework. Our pipeline subdivides each input depth image into non-rigidly connected surface patches, and deforms it towards the canonical pose by estimating a rigid transformation for each patch. The combination of a data term imposing similarity between model and data, and a regularizer enforcing as-rigid-as-possible motion of neighboring patches ensures that we can handle large deformations, while coping with sensor noise. We employ a surfelbased fusion technique, which lets us circumvent the repeated conversion between mesh and signed distance field representations which are used by related techniques. Furthermore, a robust keyframe-based scheme allows us to keep track of correspondences throughout the entire sequence. Through a variety of qualitative and quantitative experiments, we demonstrate resistance to larger motion and achieving lower reconstruction errors than related approaches.
Organic Photovoltaics with External Antennas

The structures and processes of photosynthesis are evolved, highly efficient, robust, and possess high power density. We attempt to leverage these characteristics by incorporating photosynthetic architectural motifs into organic semiconductor solar cells. We adapt the organization of processes in photosynthesis and introduce a synthetic light harvesting structure into an organic photovoltaic so that it couples light energy to the active device area by near field energy transfer. Light energy absorbed in an artificial antenna layer is transferred to an artificial reaction center in the interior of the solar cell. The energy transfer is of the Förster type, mediated by surface plasmons polaritons. While the introduction of the antenna necessarily adds a step to the energy transduction process, decoupling photon absorption and exciton dissociation can be exploited to increase each separately.
The Myth of Asia's Miracle

O N C E U P O N a t i m e, W es t er n o p i n i o n l ea d er s f o u n d t h em s el v es b o t h i m p r es s ed a n d f r i g h t en ed b y t h e ex t r a o r d i n a r y g r o w t h r a t es a c h i ev ed b y a s et o f E a s t er n ec o n o m i es . A l t h o u g h t h o s e ec o n o m i es w er e s t i l l s u b s t a n t i a l l y p o o r er a n d s m a l l er t h a n t h o s e o f t h e W es t , t h e s p eed w i t h w h i c h t h ey h a d t r a n s f o r m ed t h em s el v es f r o m p ea s a n t s o c i et i es i n t o i n d u s t r i a l p o w er h o u s es , t h ei r c o n t i n u i n g a b i l i t y t o a c h i ev e g r o w t h r a t es s ev er a l t i m es h i g h er t h a n t h e a d v a n c ed n a t i o n s , a n d t h ei r i n c r ea s i n g a b i l i t y t o c h a l l en g e o r ev en s u r p a s s A m er i c a n a n d E u r o p ea n t ec h n o l o g y i n c er t a i n a r ea s s eem ed t o c a l l i n t o q u es t i o n t h e d o m i n a n c e n o t o n l y o f W es t er n p o w er b u t o f W es t er n i d eo l o g y . T h e l ea d er s o f t h o s e n a t i o n s d i d n o t s h a r e o u r f a i t h i n f r ee m a r k et s o r u n l i m i t ed c i v i l l i b er t i es . T h ey a s s er t ed w i t h i n c r ea s i n g s el f c o n f i d en c e t h a t t h ei r s y s t em w a s s u p er i o r : s o c i et i es t h a t a c c ep t ed s t r o n g , ev en a u t h o r i t a r i a n g o v er n m en t s a n d w er e w i l l i n g t o l i m i t i n d i v i d u a l l i b er t i es i n t h e i n t er es t o f t h e c o m m o n g o o d , t a k e c h a r g e o f t h ei r ec o n o m i c s , a n d s a c r i f i c e s h o r t -r u n c o n s u m er i n t er es t s f o r t h e s a k e o f l o n g -r u n g r o w t h w o u l d ev en t u a l l y o u t p er f o r m t h e i n c r ea s i n g l y c h a o t i c s o c i et i es o f t h e W es t . A n d a g r o w i n g m i n o r i t y o f W es t er n i n t el l ec t u a l s a g r eed .
Testing the two‐layer model for correcting near‐cloud reflectance enhancement using LES/SHDOM‐simulated radiances

A transition zone exists between cloudy skies and clear sky; such that, clouds scatter solar radiation into clear‐sky regions. From a satellite perspective, it appears that clouds enhance the radiation nearby. We seek a simple method to estimate this enhancement, since it is so computationally expensive to account for all three‐dimensional (3‐D) scattering processes. In previous studies, we developed a simple two‐layer model (2LM) that estimated the radiation scattered via cloud‐molecular interactions. Here we have developed a new model to account for cloud‐surface interaction (CSI). We test the models by comparing to calculations provided by full 3‐D radiative transfer simulations of realistic cloud scenes. For these scenes, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)‐like radiance fields were computed from the Spherical Harmonic Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM), based on a large number of cumulus fields simulated by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) large eddy simulation (LES) model. We find that the original 2LM model that estimates cloud‐air molecule interactions accounts for 64% of the total reflectance enhancement and the new model (2LM + CSI) that also includes cloud‐surface interactions accounts for nearly 80%. We discuss the possibility of accounting for cloud‐aerosol radiative interactions in 3‐D cloud‐induced reflectance enhancement, which may explain the remaining 20% of enhancements. Because these are simple models, these corrections can be applied to global satellite observations (e.g., MODIS) and help to reduce biases in aerosol and other clear‐sky retrievals.
Research Methodology in Accounting Research

This paper focuses on the research methodology commonly employed in accounting research. It is noted here that the process (methodology) of doing research is easily delineated when the philosophical assumptions underpinning such research are clearly identified. In this context, the Burrell and Morgan Model that identified four distinct but related assumptions about the nature of social science and society is adopted. These assumptions include ontological, epistemological, human nature, and methodological assumptions; these assumptions are discussed as they relate to accounting research. Similarly, the paper discusses the research paradigms proposed by the Burrell and Morgan, the criticisms of the, the Chua framework and the paradigms of accounting research.
Chapter 2 HMMs in Protein Fold Classification

The limitation of most HMMs is their inherent high dimensionality. Therefore we developed several variations of low complexity models that can be applied even to protein families with a few members. In this chapter we present these variations. All of them include the use of a hidden Markov model (HMM), with a small number of states (called reduced state-space HMM), which is trained with both amino acid sequence and secondary structure of proteins whose 3D structure is known and it is used for protein fold classification. We used data from Protein Data Bank and annotation from SCOP database for training and evaluation of the proposed HMM variations for a number of protein folds that belong to major structural classes. Results indicate that the variations have similar performance, or even better in some cases, on classifying proteins than SAM, which is a widely used HMM-based method for protein classification. The major advantage of the proposed variations is that we employed a small number of states and the algorithms used for training and scoring are of low complexity and thus relatively fast. The main variations examined include a version of the reduced state-space HMM with seven states (7-HMM), a version of the reduced state-space HMM with three states (3-HMM) and an optimized version of the reduced state-space HMM with three states, where an optimization process is applied to its scores (optimized 3-HMM).
1 A methylcellulose hydrogel as support for 3 D 2 plotting of complex shaped calcium phosphate 3 scaffolds 4

3D plotting is an additive manufacturing technology enabling biofabrication, thus the 13 integration of cells or biologically sensitive proteins or growth factors into the manufacturing 14 process. However, most (bio-)inks developed for 3D plotting were not shown to be processed into 15 clinical relevant geometries comprising critical overhangs and cavities, which would collapse 16 without a sufficient support material. Herein, we have developed a support hydrogel ink based on 17 methylcellulose (mc), which is able to act as support as long as the co-plotted main structure is not 18 stable. Therefore, 6 w/v %, 8 w/v % and 10 w/v % mc were allowed to swell in water, resulting in 19 viscous inks, which were characterized for their rheological and extrusion properties. The successful 20 usage of 10 w/v % mc as support ink was proven by multichannel plotting of the support together 21 with a plottable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) acting as main structure. CPC scaffolds displaying 22 critical overhangs or a large central cavity could be plotted accurately with the newly developed mc 23 support ink. The dissolution properties of mc allowed complete removal of the gel without 24 residuals, once CPC setting was finished. Finally, we fabricated a scaphoid bone model by 25 computed tomography data acquisition and co-extrusion of CPC and the mc support hydrogel. 26
An Insight into the Difficulties of Software Development Projects in the Pharmaceutical Industry

 Abstract—Software development projects in the pharmaceutical industry are highly regulated as software failures can have a direct impact on the quality of medicinal product and therefore patient safety. Regulation is imposed from a governmental level but is also employed in the form of comprehensive industry standards. The strive for regulatory compliancy is a direct cause for high overhead in software development projects, which leads to the procrastination of innovation. 14 interviews have been conducted with domain experts in a quest to understand and validate the difficulties of software development projects in the context of the pharmaceutical industry. The interviews focussed on the difficulties of software development projects in the pharmaceutical context and the lack of adoption of agile methods, as these have proven to reduce overhead of software development projects in other industries. The collected information is disclosed for the purpose of advancing the research area which is characterised to be minimally researched.