Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct neural contributions to metacognition for detecting, but not discriminating visual stimuli

Being confident in whether a stimulus is present or absent (a detection judgment) is qualitatively distinct from being confident in the identity of that stimulus (a discrimination judgment). In particular, in detection, evidence can only be available for the presence, not the absence, of a target object. This asymmetry suggests that higher-order cognitive and neural processes may be required for confidence in detection, and more specifically, in judgments about absence. In a within-subject, pre-registered and performance-matched fMRI design, we observed quadratic confidence effects in frontopolar cortex for detection but not discrimination. Furthermore, in the right temporoparietal junction, confidence effects were enhanced for judgments of target absence compared to judgments of target presence. We interpret these findings as reflecting qualitative differences between the neural basis of metacognitive evaluation of detection and discrimination, potentially in line with counterfactual or higher-order models of confidence formation in detection.
A discussion on the effective permittivity of multi-component medium derived by Maxwell–Garnett, strong fluctuation and quasicrystalline-CP modeling

To evaluate the average dielectric property, the effective permittivity (EP) of multi-component media in low frequency region is the first issue. The most classical formula is the Maxwell–Garnett (MG) model. However, it needs guidelines to restrict the applicability of MG model. Later on, the strong fluctuation theory (SF model) and QCA-CP model (quasi-crystalline approximation with coherent potential) have been studied. Similarities and difference between these models need to be clarified. In this paper, all these models are derived in a consistent way. Numerical examples show the difference between the EPs of these models. It is found that when the dielectric perturbation is not large (dielectric particle is not quite different from background) and especially, the fractional volume of inclusions is not large (e.g. less than 0.15), all these models are good enough to evaluate EP. But, if these pre-conditions are not well met, the MG model becomes unsuitable. Thus the SF and QCA-CP models are better than MG in either cases of strongly or weakly fluctuating cases. If the discrete spherical particles are well defined, e.g. size, complex dielectric constant, the QCA-CP would be a rigorous model for the calculation of EP and extinction coefficient.
Concept Mapping: An Innovative Tool to Teach Critical Community Health Nursing Using the Example of Population Health Promotion

Introduction: Concept mapping is a tool that is used to visualize complex factors and the links between them. While concept mapping is represented in community health practice and research literature, we found little information about using concept mapping in community health nursing education. Background: We developed an innovative concept map assignment to assist students to visualize complex inter-related factors and begin thinking about appropriate and relevant nursing interventions, using the Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM). Discussion: Concept maps enhanced the quality of meaningful teaching and learning at the university level, acting as both a learning and assessment strategy. Students exhibited critical thinking and drew conclusions that involved larger systemic issues such as social justice and health equity. Conclusion: Concept mapping is a powerful tool that facilitates and assesses authentic student learning. The concept map assignment was also an effective tool to help students grasp and apply the PHPM.
HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI FE DENGAN PANJANG BADAN PADA ANAK USIA 12-24 BULAN

Stunting (tubuh pendek) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang harus ditangani secara serius. Hasil pemantau Status Gizi (PSG) pada Tahun 2016 Laporan Tahun 2017, sebesar 29% balita Indonesia mengalami tubuh pendek yaitu 18,9% (pendek) dan 10,1% (sangat pendek). Hasil studi membuktikan bahwa pengaruh faktor keturunan hanya berkontribusi sebesar 15%, sementara unsur terbesar adalah terkait masalah asupan gizi, hormon pertumbuhan dan terjadinya penyakit infeksi berulang. Salah satu penyebab BBLR yaitu ibu yang anemia. Penyebab terjadinya anemia pada ibu hamil adalah kekurangan zat besi (Fe). Sehingga anak yang kekurangan energi protein dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di usianya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi Fe dengan kejadian panjang badan pada anak usia 12-24 bulan. Metode penelitian observasional analitik yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Desain penelitian menggunakan Case Contol. Hasil analisis statistik bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan panjang badan anak pada ibu yang patuh dan tidak patuh konsumsi Tablet Fe dengan nilai P Value 0,002 (α < 0,05).
Demand-led extension: a gender analysis of attendance and key crops

ABSTRACT Purpose: The need to increase women’s access to extension has been extensively discussed. This paper assesses women’s access to extension services through the Plantwise extension approach as a baseline for future comparison of women’s access through other extension approaches. It also assesses whether crops that men and women farmers seek plant health advice on are similar or not, and attempts to disperse assumptions that continue to be made about what crops women and men grow. Approach: We analysed data from the Plantwise Online Management System for 13 countries using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: We show that the Plantwise extension approach enables higher levels of women’s access than generally reported for agricultural extension, that the crops that women and men seek extension advice on is not gender dependent, and there are few clear distinctions between their crops of interest. Practical implications: There is limited literature studying gender inclusiveness in different extension approaches. The findings add to the documentation of assessing women’s access to demand-driven extension. Theoretical implications: Plantwise is a new extension approach which needs to be assessed from spatial and temporal perspectives to understand whether demand-driven extension enables increased women’s access over time. Originality/value: Extension service provision is often based on assumptions about what crops are being grown. Small studies have challenged these assumptions, but this large dataset enables us to test these assumptions more thoroughly across 13 countries adding to the weight of evidence against the existence of women’s and men’s crops.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE WAKE GENERATED BY OSCILLATING GURNEY FLAP

The study of the turbulent near wake of an airfoil provided with flow control devices shows the flow configuration in such conditions and the starting vortices mechanism, while, the far wake offers information about the general performance of the model. The objective of the present work is to study the develop of the fluid-dynamic structures found in the NACA 4412 airfoil wake, as well as the development of the same structures when flow con-trol techniques are applied by means of a oscillating Gurney Flap place in the lower surface of the wing model, close to the trailing edge. Tests were per-formed at a given Reynolds numbers and the flow control system was set at different frequencies. In order to study the effect of the control mechanism on the wake, hot wire anemometry techniques were used. Two components of the velocity vector were measured - longitudinal and vertical - by means of a vertical array of three sensors acquiring simulta-neously. The intention is to quantify the flow general configuration at the airfoil wake for different test conditions. The velocity vectors will be analyzed, together with the turbulence intensity and integral scales.
Hypoxic Preconditioning Effect on the Expression of Intracellular Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 27, HSP 70 and HSP 90 on Cultured Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AMSCs)

New hope in the treatment of myocardial infarction has emerged by transplanting multipotent stem cells into the affected myocardium. Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) is expected to increase the survival cell potency by inducing upregulation of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) in Adipocyte-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AMSCs). This study aimed to investigate the roles of HPC in AMSCs to observe the in vitro expression of HSP27 as an ATP independent chaperone, and HSP70, HSP90 as an ATP dependent chaperone. This study is a true experimental randomized post-test design study. AMSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and cultured until there were four passages. The samples were then divided into two groups, HPC (O2 1%) and normoxia (O2 21%). Immunocytofluorescence techniques were used to evaluate the expression of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90. Data were analyzed using a two paired t-test and Mann Whitney U test. There was a significant increase of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 expression in HPC compared to the normoxia group (272,00±92,225 vs 86,19±26,362 p<0.0001; 130,88±45,416 vs 120,75±97,113 p<0.05; 165,75±58,930 vs 96,81±22,578). Hypoxic preconditioning significantly increased the expression of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 on cultured AMSCs.
Monetary Policy and Income Inequality in Ghana

Monetary policy, even if minimal and uncertain regarding the direction of impact, has been found to have distributional effects especially in the developed world. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact monetary policy has on income inequality in Ghana which can be a case study for a developing African Economy with independent monetary policy. Data for the period 2002Q1 to 2013Q4 is used. The study used the Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) by Local Projections methodology in estimating the degree and direction of impact of monetary policy on income distribution in Ghana. From the analysis, it is concluded that contractionary monetary policy leads to an increase in disposable income inequality in Ghana marginally.
Hagwons and their supplemental education programs in Georgia's growing Korean immigrant community

For many years, there have been a growing number of ethnic supplemental education programs in Koreatown, which may positively impact the college attendance and success of Korean children, even those who may not have access to high-quality urban public education and whose parents struggle to survive economically. This study explored the nature of the educational and cultural experiences of Korean American students in supplemental education programs that serve as educational and cultural institutions as well as local equivalents to hagwons and are transplanted from the home country of South Korea. Such programs could potentially set Korean American students on a better course of survival and success compared to other minority students while creating extremely successful co-ethnic networks and similar strategies could be used in a variety of communities throughout the Untied States. Though designed separately, the key aspects of such initiatives create a promising supplemental system that can be useful for other ethnic minorities throughout the country. INDEX WORDS: South Korea, Education; Supplemental Education, Language Acquisition, Entrance Examinations, Hagwon HAGWONS AND THEIR SUPPLEMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN GEORGIA’S GROWING KOREAN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY
The effects of reporting standards and information sharing on loan contracting: Cross-country evidence

Abstract Institutional factors that enhance the quality of financial reporting and sharing of credit information can alleviate informational gaps between contracting parties and improve loan contract terms. Using cross-country data on syndicated loans, we find that the cost of debt financing is lower for riskier borrowers in countries with stronger reporting standards and improved credit information sharing. We also find that information quality is more important as compared to information sharing for loan pricing. Both of these effects are larger during periods of higher economic policy uncertainty when information asymmetry is likely to be higher. Our findings suggest that better availability of hard information plays a positive role in reducing borrowing costs of riskier firms.
Effect of Li doping on conductivity and band gap of nickel oxide thin film deposited by spin coating technique

Nickel oxide, a stable inorganic p-type semiconductor with wide bandgap is an attractive hole transport material for the perovskite-based solar cells. Doping the nickel oxide with group-1 elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium is found to increase the conductivity of the film. In the present work lithium doped and undoped nickel oxide thin films are coated on the glass substrate by spin coating method under ambient conditions, and the effects of doping are investigated. The structural, electrical and optical properties have been studied for different doping concentrations. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of single-phase cubic nickel oxide. It is found that the conductivity increases nine times as the lithium concentration increases. The UV–vis spectroscopy measurement modulates the bandgap with the increase in the lithium-ion concentration.
The Role of Allelopathy in Pest Management and Crop Production – A Review

Allelopathy may be a current ecological advance of interference between organisms that will use for handling unwanted plants, insect pests, and diseases in plants. In many crops, allelopathy are often used resulting crop rotation, victimization cover crops, mulching, crop dyspnoeal and plant extracts for ordinary insect pest management. Plant pathogens together with fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are responsible for great yield losses in several economically vital crops. Use of artificial agrochemicals as soil covering, foliar spray or seed dressing is that the preferred approach for the management of crop diseases in recent days. However, due to the adverse effects of those chemicals on health and environment, customers are presently tightened turn out, that is freed from these chemicals. Natural compounds derived from plants are a lot of environmentally safe than artificial chemicals. Several recent studies have shown that allelochemicals will effectively be used for the management of various plant pathogens. Allelopathy so offers a lovely environmentally friendly different to pesticides in agricultural pest management. Their biopotency is often increased by structural changes or the synthesis of chemical analogs supported them. Though the progress during this regard is slow, even so some promising results are returning and a lot of are expected within the future. This review makes an attempt to discuss these characteristics of allelopathy for the justifiable management of pests. Keywords : allelopathy; role of allelopathy; weed and pest management; and crop production DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/93-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Powerful Biofilm Producer and Positive Action of Amikacin Against Isolates From Chronic Wounds

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped opportunistic pathogen highly involved in biofilm production in chronic wounds. Biofilms in wounds are the main cause of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to identify biofilm-producing bacteria most frequently found in chronic wounds and to examine the association of antibiotic resistance among the isolates. Objectives: This study was to evaluate the isolation of P. aeruginosa from different types of chronic wounds, as one of the causes of delay in wound healing and biofilm formation, as well as to determine the association of antibiotic resistance among the isolates. Methods: Ninety-one isolates of chronic wounds were obtained from DHQ Hospital KDA District Kohat (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan, from September 2014 to June 2015. Isolates of P. aeruginosa from different types of chronic wounds were biochemically identified and confirmed by molecular identification of one of the conserved genes, algD GDP-mannose dehydrogenase, in P. aeruginosa. Biofilm-forming ability and effects of antibacterial agents were also determined. Results: The prevalence of diabetic ulcer was found to be more (62.5%) compared to other types of chronic wounds in patients, and 48.3% of the isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in males was found to be higher (56.8%) than in females, with a statistically non-significant association. Furthermore, biofilm formation was observed in the isolates, so that 79.5% of P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be biofilm producers. Antibacterial drugs were applied to the culture of isolates, showing that P. aeruginosa was more resistant to ceftriaxone while amikacin acted as a bactericidal. Conclusions: From our research, we conclude that delay of wound healing was because of biofilm-producing bacteria found in chronic wounds, which were more resistant to antibiotics because of the ability of biofilm forming. Further, amikacin showed a good activity against P. aeruginosa.
Adaptive analogue calibration technique to compensate electrode motion artefacts in biopotential recording

This study presents an adaptive analogue calibration method to compensate electrode–skin impedance mismatch during biopotential signal (electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and electromyogram) acquisition with enhanced immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The method continuously measures the variation of the impedance mismatch between the electrode–skin interfaces arising primarily due to motion artefacts, and thereafter compensate for the resulting distortions at the output. The compensation is done with the help a proportional–integral–derivative controller in the feedback loop, together with the acquisition of the biopotential signals. A common mode shunt feedback at the output attenuates the common mode EMI and reduces the common mode deviation. As compared to previously reported techniques, the proposed technique refutes any need for offline manual calibration and shows a significant improvement in EMI attenuation without interrupting the main system's operation. This study explains the proposed technique with the comprising blocks, illustrates the theoretical models and analyses, and evaluates the superior performances of the proposed method by comparing the responses with those obtained from the other EMI-Immune electrode mismatch compensating front-ends existing in the literature.
Habitat loss in the restricted range of the endemic Ghanaian cichlid Limbochromis robertsi

Remote sensing, through satellite image analysis has become an integral and invaluable tool to inform biodiversity conservation and monitoring of habitat degradation and restoration over time. Despite the disproportionately high levels of biodiversity loss in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, ichthyofauna are commonly overlooked in favor of other keystone species. Freshwater fish, as indicators of overall aquatic ecosystem health can also be indicators of larger scale problems within an ecosystem. If endemic and specialized fishes are at risk, the forest and landscape around their habitat is also undergoing change. As a case study demonstrating the utility of multi-temporal, multi-resolution satellite imagery, we examined deforestation and forest fragmentation around the Atewa Forest Reserve, south eastern Ghana. Within small creeks, Limbochromis robertsi, a unique freshwater cichlid with an extremely limited distribution range can be found. Historically, the land cover in the area has undergone substantial deforestation for agriculture and artisanal small-scale mining, primarily for gold. We found deforestation accelerated along with increased forest fragmentation in the 2014 – 2017 period with the majority of the forest loss along the river and creek banks due to small-scale mining operations and increased agriculture. Field visits indicate a decrease in the total population by approximately 90% from the early 1990s to 2018. We illustrate the benefits of determining landscape metrics from local scale remote sensing studies as proxies to assess the decline of endemic species with restricted ranges, whose habitat characteristics and the subsequent pressures they face require detailed analysis at fine temporal and spatial scales not captured by global or continental scale datasets.
SMART GESTURE USING REAL TIME OBJECT TRACKING

Gesture can be used to interact with the computer without any physical contact. The use of keyboard and mouse can be minimized. Gesture can be of various types. One such type is movement of hand in a particular posture. To detect these type of gestures first it must be verified that the hand is present in frame and is present in the required posture. The first one is achieved by creating a mask of the frame considering the skin color range in the HSV color space. The later part involves shape matching with some template shape. The shape matching involves computing of central moments between the mask and the template shape. The hand posture defines the start and end of gesture. All the movement of hand between start and end of gesture is tracked and gesture is recognized from the tracked data. For the purpose of recognition, Convolution Neural Network is used. An application is built on recognition. Once a gesture is recognized an event will be triggered.
Different strategies to retrieve aerosol properties at night-time with the GRASP algorithm

Abstract. This study evaluates the potential of the GRASP algorithm (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) to retrieve continuous day-to-night aerosol properties, both column-integrated and vertically resolved. The study is focused on the evaluation of GRASP retrievals during an intense Saharan dust event that occurred during the Sierra Nevada Lidar aerOsol Profiling Experiment I (SLOPE I) field campaign. For daytime aerosol retrievals, we combined the measurements of the ground-based lidar from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) station and sun–sky photometer from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network), both instruments co-located in Granada (Spain). However, for night-time retrievals three different combinations of active and passive remote-sensing measurements are proposed. The first scheme ( N0 ) uses lidar night-time measurements in combination with the interpolation of sun–sky daytime measurements. The other two schemes combine lidar night-time measurements with night-time aerosol optical depth obtained by lunar photometry either using intensive properties of the aerosol retrieved during sun–sky daytime measurements ( N1 ) or using the Moon aureole radiance obtained by sky camera images ( N2 ). Evaluations of the columnar aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP are done versus standard AERONET retrievals. The coherence of day-to-night evolutions of the different aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP is also studied. The extinction coefficient vertical profiles retrieved by GRASP are compared with the profiles calculated by the Raman technique at night-time with differences below 30 % for all schemes at 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Finally, the volume concentration and scattering coefficient retrieved by GRASP at 2500 m a.s. l. are evaluated by in situ measurements at this height at Sierra Nevada Station. The differences between GRASP and in situ measurements are similar for the different schemes, with differences below 30 % for both volume concentration and scattering coefficient. In general, for the scattering coefficient, the GRASP N0 and N1 show better results than the GRASP N2 schemes, while for volume concentration, GRASP N2 shows the lowest differences against in situ measurements (around 10 %) for high aerosol optical depth values.