Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient hot-strip method for simultaneously measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of solids and fluids

A transient hot-strip method has been developed for use with solids and fluids with low electrical conductivity. The hot strip (thin metal foil) is used both as a constant plane heat source and a sensor of the temperature increase. The accuracy of the method is so good that it might even be used for the measurement of the specific heat especially under difficult experimental conditions when the standard methods cannot be used or would be very inconvenient. This method has been tested in measurements on fused quartz, glycerine and Araldite at room temperature. The experimental conditions that cause deviations from the mathematical solution of the thermal conductivity equation are discussed and estimates for their maximum influence on the measured quantities are given.
A cluster model for the polymer amorphous state

Some aspects of local order in the amorphous state of a glassy polymer are discussed. The physical principles behind a cluster model involving the new concept of a structural defect are presented. A comparative analysis of three major approaches to describing the amorphous state of a polymer is given. It is shown that the cluster model is in reality a unified model which presents a new explanation for many qualitative results produced in the past on polymer structure and processes involved and which, unlike previous approaches, has the advantage of being quantitative. Possible future directions in polymer structure studies are outlined.
A Model to Predict Cosmetic Outcome after Breast Conservation Surgery

Breast conservation surgery (BCS) is a preferred choice for most females. However, BCS can still result in disfiguring and non-aesthetically pleasing results. It is important that patients and surgeons have a tool that can produce an accurate visual projection of the breast post-BCS. This will help patients make a decision for BCS versus mastectomy. In our paper, we describe a technique to enable the prediction and projection of 3D breasts models post-BCS. The accuracy of the model compared to actual post surgical outcomes is a match of 87%.
Use of Paradata in a Responsive Design Framework to Manage a Field Data Collection

Every household survey confronts uncertainty in the performance of its recruitment protocol. Diverse modern populations present the data collecting organization with a myriad of practical problems of contacting household units, identifying the proper respondents, gaining their cooperation, and finding appropriate times to interview them. Responsive survey designs (Groves and Heeringa, 2006) use paradata to monitor costs and response rate features of a survey during data collection and actively intervene into the recruitment protocol to effect changes in the production process of interviews. When the paradata are informative about costs and potential error properties of the key estimates to be computed from the survey, responsive designs have the potential to improve the quality-per-unit-cost properties of a survey. This paper uses a simple production model articulating inputs to the data collection, the quality of the sample cases available, and the costs and data records produced. This model motivates a set of paradata that might be useful in managing a survey. The paper presents three examples of management interventions based on paradata collected throughout the Continuous National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), and evaluates the effectiveness of these interventions. Use of Paradata in a Responsive Design Framework to Manage a Field Data Collection 3
A Review on Hybrid Empirical Mode Decomposition Models for Wind Speed and Wind Power Prediction

Reliable and accurate planning and scheduling of wind farms and power grids to ensure sustainable use of wind energy can be better achieved with the use of precise and accurate prediction models. However, due to the highly chaotic, intermittent and stochastic behavior of wind, which means a high level of difficulty when predicting wind speed and, consequently, wind power, the evolution of models capable of narrating data of such a complexity is an emerging area of research. A thorough review of literature, present research overviews, and information about possible expansions and extensions of models play a significant role in the enhancement of the potential of accurate prediction models. The last few decades have experienced a remarkable breakthrough in the development of accurate prediction models. Among various physical, statistical and artificial intelligent models developed over this period, the models hybridized with pre-processing or/and post-processing methods have seen promising prediction results in wind applications. The present review is focused on hybrid empirical mode decomposition (EMD) or ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) models with their advantages, timely growth and possible future in wind speed and power forecasting. Over the years, the practice of EEMD based hybrid models in wind data predictions has risen steadily and has become popular because of the robust and accurate nature of this approach. In addition, this review is focused on distinct attributes including the evolution of EMD based methods, novel techniques of treating Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) generated with EMD/EEMD and overview of suitable error measures for such studies.
A Recommended Cascaded Structure for Multilevel Inverter with Minimum Power Electronic Components

Abstract Multi-level inverters (MLIs) are the best choice for medium and higher power applications. As the requirement of switches is more for higher levels, its cost and space are high in comparison with two-level inverters. A new structure for sub multi-level inverter (sub-MLI) is proposed with single source module and double source module to reduce power electronic components such as power switches, diodes, and drivers. The recommended cascaded structure is formed by connecting basic sub-MLI units in series to achieve minimum blocking voltage with less cost. In order to increase the voltage levels, the asymmetric topologies with different DC voltage values are also suggested. In addition, an optimal structure is arrived and compared with the conventional topologies to explore its advantages. It is found that the components, blocking voltage, and inverter cost are less. The proposed recommended cascaded structure is designed and analyzed for both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. The prototype is developed and performance of the inverter is experimentally verified for 13 and 31 level outputs.
THE STELLAR CONTENT OF OBSCURED GALACTIC GIANT H ii REGIONS. VI. W51A

We present K-band spectra of newly born OB stars in the obscured Galactic giant H ii region W51A and ≈0.8″ angular resolution images in the J, H, and KS-bands. Four objects have been spectroscopically classified as O-type stars. The mean spectroscopic parallax of the four stars gives a distance of 2.0 ± 0.3 kpc (error in the mean), significantly smaller than the radio recombination line kinematic value of 5.5 kpc or the values derived from maser proper motion observations (6–8 kpc). The number of Lyman continuum photons from the contribution of all massive stars (NLyc ≈1.5 × 1050 s−1) is in good agreement with that inferred from radio recombination lines (NLyc = 1.3 ×1050 s−1) after accounting for the smaller distance derived here. We present analysis of archival high angular resolution images (NAOS CONICA at VLT and T-ReCS at Gemini) of the compact region W51 IRS 2. The KS-band images resolve the infrared source IRS 2 indicating that it is a very young compact H ii region. Sources IRS 2E was resolved into compact cluster (within 660 AU of projected distance) of three objects, but one of them is just bright extended emission. W51d1 and W51d2 were identified with compact clusters of three objects (maybe four in the case of W51d1) each one. Although IRS 2E is the brightest source in the K-band and at 12.6 μm, it is not clearly associated with a radio continuum source. Our spectrum of IRS 2E shows, similar to previous work, strong emission in Brγ and He i, as well as three forbidden emission lines of Fe iii and emission lines of molecular hydrogen (H2) marking it as a massive young stellar object.
Current Gain Degradation Model of Displacement Damage for Drift BJTs

Drift bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), characterized by a graded doping profile in the base region, are susceptible to the recombination in both the base and emitter–base depletion regions when they are damaged by atomic displacement, leading to the gain degradation. The previous model of the gain degradation of BJTs (i.e., Messenger–Spratt model) adopts the assumptions of the neutral base and ideal depletion, which are not valid for the drift BJTs. A drift BJT has an extra build-in electric field which breaks the neutral base condition, and the excess recombination rate is reduced and depends on the drift parameters. Furthermore, the nonideal depletion effects can suppress the excess recombination in the junction region, which will also reduce the susceptibility of the displacement damage (DD). This paper presents a physics-based improvement of the previous model and provides a much better fit to the experimental data of the 3CK3B drift BJTs subjected to deuterium–tritium 14-MeV neutron irradiation. The new model also suggests that the ideal factor of excess base current induced by DD approaches to 1.33 for the BJT technologies with narrow base or operated under low bias conditions.
A Review of the Monitoring and Damping Unbalanced Magnetic Pull in Induction Machines Due to Rotor Eccentricity

Condition monitoring can diagnose the inception of fault mechanisms in induction motors, thus avoiding failure and expensive repairs. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop an efficient condition monitoring approach. The main aim is to achieve a relatively low cost and non-invasive system which is still powerful in terms of monitoring for online detection of developing faults. The paper addresses rotor eccentricity faults and studies conventional monitoring techniques for induction motors. The eccentricity-generated additional air-gap flux waves should be reduced in order to reduce the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) when there is an eccentric rotor. The radial forces in an induction motor are calculated, and the characteristics of UMP are described.
Distribution Network Expansion Planning Considering $N-1$ Criterion

Real distribution systems are usually operated in open loop, but designed in closed loop to be capable of load transfer under contingencies. This letter proposes an approach for distribution network expansion planning problem under <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N-1$</tex-math></inline-formula> criterion, which presents both optimal closed-loop investment and open-loop operation plans. To alleviate the computational burden of the model, constraints for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N-1$</tex-math></inline-formula> criterion are first relaxed and thereafter the problem is solved with iteratively added binding contingency constraints, which are identified by a designed method. The proposed methodology is validated with numerical experiments on a 138-node test system.
Channel quantization techniques for hybrid massive MIMO millimeter wave systems

Hybrid architecture, 5G, massive MIMO, millimeter waves, precoding / equalization for multi-antennas, channel quantization, uniform quantization, OFDM systems. keywords Since the appearance of mobile communications, the users of this technology have been growing exponentially every day. The escalating mobile traffic growth it has been imposed by the proliferation of smartphones and tablets. The increasing and more intensive use of wireless communications may lead to a future breaking point, where the traditional systems will fail to support the required capability, spectral and energy efficiency. On the other hand, to cover all this current need to have more and more data it is necessary to provide a new range of data rates around the gigabits per second. Today, almost all mobile communications systems use spectrum in the range of 300MHz – 3GHz. It is needed to start looking to the range of 3GHz – 300GHz spectrum for mobile broadband applications. Millimeter waves are one way to alleviate the spectrum gridlock at lower frequencies. MIMO based systems has been researched for the last 20 years and are now part of the current standards. However, to achieve more gains, a grander view of the MIMO concept envisions the use of a large scale of antennas at each base stations, a concept referred as massive MIMO. The symbiotic combination of these technologies and other ones will lead to the development of a new generation system known as the 5G. The knowledge of the channel state information at the transmitter is very important in real massive MIMO millimeter wave systems. In this dissertation a limited feedback strategy for a hybrid massive MIMO OFDM system is proposed, where only a part of the parameters associated to the link channel are quantized and fed back. The limited feedback strategy employs a uniform-based quantization for channel amplitudes, angle of departure and angle of arrival in time domain. After being fed back, this information is used to reconstruct the overall channel in frequency domain and the transmit antenna array, which are then used to compute the hybrid analog-digital precoders. Numerical results show that the proposed quantization strategy achieve a performance close to the one obtained with perfect full channel, with a low overhead and complexity.
Video streaming system based on Internet of media things and blockchain

In this paper, we propose a system that provides video streaming service from the Internet of media things using blockchain and cryptocurrency (token). The user paid the token in accordance with the contract terms of the smart contract written on the blockchain through the distributed application (DApp), and the IP camera which paid the token constituted a scenario in which the moving picture was streamed to the user in real time. In order to investigate the possibility of a block-chain camera streaming service, a smart contract for streaming service is uploaded on Etherium-based blockchain, and ERC20 tokens necessary for the transaction are created and implemented.1
Design considerations for silicon sensors for use in catheters and guide wires

A growing field of application for micro-electromechanical systems is the medical field of minimally invasive interventions. These procedures use catheters and guide wires, inserted into the blood vessels, to reach places deep inside the body, without the need for open surgery. This reduces recovery time and discomfort to the patient, operating time and the risks involved with general anaesthetics. For proper diagnosis and monitoring treatment, more information is needed; silicon sensors for catheters and guide wires have been developed to obtain this information. As the accurate positioning of these instruments is problematic, it is desirable to combine several sensors on the same instrument to measure several parameters at the same location. However, there are many considerations in designing silicon sensors for this application, such as small size, low power consumption, biocompatibility of materials, patient safety, a limited number of connections, packaging, survivability of the sensor during use, etc. This paper will discuss the design considerations of micromachined (silicon) sensors and actuators for use in catheters and guide wires. As an example, a multiparameter blood sensor, measuring flow velocity, pressure and oxygen saturation, will be discussed.
Optimal leaf sequencing with elimination of tongue-and-groove underdosage

The individual leaves of a multileaf collimator (MLC) have a tongue-and-groove or stepped-edge design to minimize leakage radiation between adjacent leaves. This design element has a drawback in that it creates areas of underdosages in intensity-modulated photon beams unless a leaf trajectory is specifically designed such that for any two adjacent leaf pairs, the direct exposure under the tongue-and-groove is equal to the lower of the direct exposures of the leaf pairs. In this work, we present a systematic study of the optimization of a leaf sequencing algorithm for segmental multileaf collimator beam delivery that completely eliminates areas of underdosages due to tongue-and-groove or stepped-edge design of the MLC. Simultaneous elimination of tongue-and-groove effect and leaf interdigitation is also studied. This is an extension of our previous work (Kamath et al 2003a Phys. Med. Biol. 48 307) in which we described a leaf sequencing algorithm that is optimal for monitor unit (MU) efficiency under most common leaf movement constraints that include minimum leaf separation. Compared to our previously published algorithm (without constraints), the new algorithms increase the number of sub-fields by approximately 21% and 25%, respectively, but are optimal in MU efficiency for unidirectional schedules.
Self-assembly surface modified indium–tin oxide anodes for single-layer light-emitting diodes

We study the effect of indium–tin oxide surface modification by self assembling of highly polar molecules on the performance of single-layer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated with polyfluorene blends and aluminium cathodes. We find that the efficiency and light-output of such LEDs is comparable to, and sometimes better than, the values obtained for LEDs incorporating a hole injection layer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulphonic acid. This effect is attributed to the dipole-induced work function modification of indium–tin oxide.
Clifford analysis formulation of electromagnetism

We present a formulation of electromagnetism in vacuum and in the presence of an arbitrary gravitational field, based on Clifford analysis over a pseudo-Riemannian space with signature (1, 3). We show that it is possible to solve the direct electromagnetic radiation problem in four dimensional form, without invoking electromagnetic potentials and solely by analytical means. Our method reveals that the full electromagnetic field can be completely expressed in terms of a particular solution of the underlying scalar wave equation, so that calculating the customary Green's dyadic is superfluous.
Russia's Fifth Column: The Influence of the Night Wolves Motorcycle Club

ABSTRACT While the Night Wolves Motorcycle Club's (NWMC) roots are similar to Western counterparts such as the Hells Angels MC and Bandidos MC, they have evolved into a proxy of the Russian state who unite combat-ready diasporas. The NWMC nongovernmental organization provides soft propaganda while they operate alongside the Russian military and imbed military tactics into foreign Russian populations through their corporate entity Wolf Holding of Security Structures. This case study explores the evolution from outlaw motorcycle club to political force and their integration into Russia's information operations and conflict. The NWMC activities in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine, highlight how this motorcycle club has been able to cultivate a fifth column to agitate domestic politics and increase ties to the Kremlin.
Stability analysis in tachyonic potential chameleon cosmology

We study general properties of attractors for tachyonic potential chameleon scalar-field model which possess cosmological scaling solutions. An analytic formulation is given to obtain fixed points with a discussion on their stability. The model predicts a dynamical equation of state parameter with phantom crossing behavior for an accelerating universe. We constrain the parameters of the model by best fitting with the recent data-sets from supernovae and simulated data points for redshift drift experiment generated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Some aspects of inlet/engine flow compatibility

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the growing subject of inlet/engine compatibility a discussion of some of the more interesting results of research and development testing of rig compressors and engines carried out at the Bristol Engine Division of Rolls-Royce (1971) Ltd, and to discuss these against a now extensive background literature. The effects of an inlet system on an axial flow gas turbine are principally on performance, stability and mechanical integrity. In this paper attention is focused on the effects of total pressure distortion on the compressor system's performance and stability.
Analyzing Causal Relationships of Sensor Data and Infrared Images to Stabilize Garbage Power Generation

Garbage power generation is expected to play an important role as a renewable source of stable power. Steam is produced from the heat of combustion, and this is used to generate electrical energy. In order to supply continuous power, the combustion must be controlled so as to create a stable steam flow. In this report, we analyze sensor data from and infrared images of the furnace with the aim of stabilizing the steam flow.
Software for modeling protein-bound DNA: Determining a geometric structure consistent with known topological data

For many years scientists have been working on more advanced methods to determine the structure of DNA under various conditions. However, research on the study of the shape of DNA segments bound by protein (protein-bound DNA) has been limited by the accuracy and dependability of laboratory techniques. These techniques vary from gel electrophoresis experiments, which can determine the topological shape of unbound DNA, to experiments that crystalize protein-bound DNA in a fixed state in order to determine the spatial location of non-hydrogen atoms. Each method comes with its own benefits and drawbacks. One drawback is experiments used to determine the exact geometry for protein-bound DNA often fail for large complexes. So when laboratory techniques fail to yield a geometric description of the DNA bound by protein, we turn to modeling software. We introduce software that takes known protein-bound DNA topology and determines a potential geometry. An n-string tangle consists of n strings embedded in a three-dimensional ball with endpoints fixed on the boundary. The strings represent the DNA segments bound by protein. Starting with a topological tangle file from KnotPlot (a knot and tangle visualization program), our software minimizes over DNA geometric parameters while keeping the topology fixed. Our modeling software assumes the base pairs to be rigid bodies (or rectangles). Our routine minimizes over an energy function established by Dr. Wilma Olson et al. for the software package, 3DNA. Our program differs from 3DNA in that it can determine potential geometric structures while remaining consistent with the known
Creation and control of variably shaped plasmas in TCV

During the first year of operation, the TCV tokamak has produced a large variety of plasma shapes and magnetic configurations, with 1.0<or=Btor<or=1.46 T, Ip<or=800 kA, kappa <or=2.05, -0.7<or= delta <or=0.7. A new shape control algorithm, based on finite element reconstruction of the plasma current in real time, has been implemented. Vertical growth rates of 800 sec-1 corresponding to a stability margin f=1.15, have been stabilized. Ohmic H-modes, with energy confinement times reaching 80 ms, normalized beta ( beta toraB/Ip) of 1.9 and tau E/ITER89-P of 2.4 have been obtained in single-null X-point deuterium discharges with the ion grad B drift towards the X-point. Limiter H-modes with maximum line averaged electron densities of 1.7*1020m-3 have been observed in D-shaped plasmas with 360 kA<or=Ip<or=600 kA.