Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 on clinical research: the PIPPRA and MEDRA experience

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on clinical research. This paper aims to provide an insight into how the COVID-19 pandemic, associated public health restrictions and international guidance on the conduct of clinical research impacted two clinical rheumatology research trials - the Physiotherapist-led Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIPPRA) and the MEDiterranean diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MEDRA) projects. Methods The March 2019 public health restrictions imposed to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 occurred at a time when PIPPRA was in the process of delivering assessment and intervention on a face-to-face basis (n=48) and MEDRA had commenced recruitment. Participants in PIPPRA and MEDRA had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, with some being immunosuppressed and thus at a higher risk for COVID-19. The decision-making processes of both trials is outlined to demonstrate the required amendments to continue in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Amendments to PIPPRA and MEDRA trial protocols were agreed and received ethical and funder approval. Both trials switched from a face-to-face delivery to a telehealth using online platforms. The PIPPRA study was paused for five months (April-August 2020), resulting in n=33 (60%) negative deviations from assessment protocol. MEDRA switched from face-to-face to online recruitment with 20% (n=35/44) negative deviations in recruitment. Of the n=18 participants who consented to participating in a face-to-face trial, just n=2 (11%) opted to engage with telehealth delivery of the intervention. MEDRA assessment and intervention deviations were 100% as no sessions were completed as planned in 2020. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the PIPPRA and MEDRA clinical trials. Moving face-to-face clinical research to telehealth delivery may not be the panacea it is purported to be. Our experiences may be of benefit to researchers, clinicians, and funders in seeking to continue clinical research during a global pandemic.
Using Radiocarbon to Assess the Abundance, Distribution, and Nature of Labile Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments

Positive 14C gradients have recently been observed within the surface mixed layer of several continental‐margin sediments. The best explanation for these positive 14C gradients is the occurrence and rapid degradation of labile organic carbon (LOC) in the upper 5–10 cm of the seabed. Based on a two‐component model for sedimentary organic matter (i.e., a planktonic labile component and an older refractory component), bulk 14Corg data were used to determine the abundances of LOC within the surface mixed layers of three cores from the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf and one core from San Clemente Basin (California Borderland). LOC contents in surface samples from the four stations varied from 0.5 to 1.1 mg/cm3, comprising 20% (San Clemente Basin) to 80% (WAP, Sta. G) of the total organic carbon. By incorporating a steady state diagenetic model and particle‐mixing bioturbation coefficients, the LOC profiles were used to determine LOC turnover times (LOC τ) and LOC e‐folding depths. The LOC τ values for the West Antarctic Peninsula sediments varied from 0.09 to 0.59 years, whereas the LOC τ value from the San Clemente Basin core was 63 years. The LOC e‐folding depths for the WAP stations varied from 0.8 to 3.4 cm, in contrast to the LOC e‐folding depth in San Clemente Basin, which was 4.0 cm. LOC characteristics from the four cores examined in this study were compared to LOC data in the literature as a means of substantiating the overall 14Corg‐based approach and justifying model assumptions.
A preliminary investigation of VA PTSD residential treatment for veterans admitted from unstable housing or incarceration

ABSTRACT VA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programs (RRTPs) may assuage barriers homeless and justice-involved veterans experience in accessing and benefitting from PTSD treatment. However, the benefit of RRTPs among these veterans has yet to be researched. We conducted an examination of PTSD and depressive symptoms across admission, discharge, and four-month follow-up among 243 veterans admitted from unstable housing and 40 veterans admitted from prison/jail. Both groups experienced reductions in PTSD symptoms from admission to discharge; however, those admitted from unstable housing experienced a recurrence in PTSD symptoms. Veterans admitted from unstable housing experienced reductions in depressive symptoms by discharge, but these symptoms recurred during follow-up. Veterans admitted from jail/prison did not experience significant change in depressive symptoms. This study provides tentative support that homeless and justice-involved veterans can benefit from RRTPs. Understanding of factors driving symptom recurrence, and methods of enhancing post-discharge care, are required for these veterans.
Information integration and instruction authoring of augmented assembly systems

Augmented assembly (AA) is being gradually incorporated into manual assembly owing to its abundant instruction forms, high efficiency of information transmission, and robust interactivity. However, a lack of a unified description model for assembly information and irregular instruction design forms leads to difficulties in instruction authoring and generation, inconveniences for data management, and low system portability. To address these issues, this paper presents an information‐integration and instruction‐authoring method for AA systems. First, design guidelines for the AA instructions are established with the aim of minimizing the user's cognitive load. After that, the designing of visual elements is performed based on the design guidelines, and the information model of the assembly information and instructions is built using Unified Modeling Language. Based on Extensible Markup Language files and Unity3D engine, a standard and rapid development process is presented for deploying the AA system to Hololens2 devices. The usability and replicability of the designed system are demonstrated, and a user study is carried out. The user's task performance is evaluated using completion time and errors as metrics. The NASA‐task load index scale is used to estimate the user's workload, and the Likert scale reflects the user's subjective perception of the system and instructions. The results show that the proposed AA instructions can effectively improve the user's task performance; reduce their workload, especially the cognitive load; and improve their assembly experience.
Robust backstepping attitude tracking control of an underactuated spacecraft with saturation and time-variant perturbations

This study investigated associations of attitude tracking control of an underactuated spacecraft with consideration of saturation and perturbations. A nonsingular attitude tracking control was proposed which did not need limiting initial conditions of the quaternions. The controller was analyzed based on Lyapunov criteria and LaSalle’s invariance theorem in the large-angle maneuver. In order to control, the complete kinematic and dynamic model of the underactuated spacecraft was reconstructed. According to simulation results, our controller has excellent robustness against the hard saturation, external disturbances, time-varying inertia uncertainties, and internal disturbances of actuators. As result, we found that the attitude controller was asymptotically stable under the soft saturation and the perturbations so that quaternions and angular velocity converged to the desired path within the 80 s. Also, it was still asymptotic stable under the hard saturation whose level is equal to 0.035 Nm, 3.5% of the soft saturation level. In this case, errors of quaternions and angular velocity were converged to the origin within the 150 s. Finally, the closed-loop system was verified by Adams-MATLAB co-simulation. The maximum verification errors for quaternions were less than 19%, while the maximum verification errors for angular velocity were less than 13.5%.
Amplifying Surface Energy Difference toward Anisotropic Growth of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Single‐Crystal Wires for Highly Sensitive Photodetector

It is a great challenge to directly grow super long all‐inorganic perovskite monocrystalline wires due to the weak surface energy difference among the low index facets. Here, a one‐pot solution process to grow the aspect ratio over 105 of monocrystalline CsPbBr3 perovskite wires (PWs) and yield up to 70% is reported. A chemical potential dependent surface energy difference amplification strategy is proposed to regulate the surface energy of growing and grown surfaces accordingly to the anisotropic growth of CsPbBr3. The anisotropic growth of wires is derived from the regulation of anti‐solvent diffusion kinetic and the mass transfer kinetic control of the metal halide salts. This experiment demonstrates a 50 times amplification of surface energy difference. As‐produced PWs present a high photodetection responsivity up to 4923 A W−1, external quantum efficiency exceeding 13 784%, and detectivity over 3.6 × 1013 Jones. This work not only reveals the mechanism of surface energy dominated anisotropic growth for CsPbBr3 PWs, but also elucidates the important role of kinetics regulation during the growth process, which may open a new window for the low‐dimensional crystal growth of ionic compounds.
Software “Pinxit”: Hail Magister Leonardo!

In the present report, we offer a novel way for studying (via optical and digital means) features in Renaissance and Leonardo’s (and of course any other painter who followed this canon) paintings, based on a software that separately recognizes white, red, green, blue colors and measures the intensity of single bright spots in canvasses. After mapping the distribution of individual colors, the software proposes a trajectory considering the different geometrical and topological aspects. What we propose here is not just a variant of known methods for discovering the color distribution in a painting; on the contrary, it represents a new way to find unknown parameters in any Renaissance painting. In addition, via multispectral and hyperspectral analyses and image processing, the developed software permitted us to monitor the decay of some pigments in these canvasses at macro- and microscopic levels.
Adherence Level Of Medical Personnel In Implementing 2019 Postoperative Pain Management Guidelines

Received: August, 29, 2021 Revised: November, 17, 2021 Available online: May 2021 Inadequate pain management may increase the risk of complications and postoperative chronic pain. Postoperative Pain Management Guidelines of The Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya were arranged in 2019. This study aims to describe the medical personnel's adherence to implementing postoperative pain management guidelines. This was a descriptive observational study with a retrospective design. Total sampling was carried out on the medical records of patients who underwent elective surgery and received postoperative acute pain management during March-May 2020. A total of 349 patients had moderate pain intensity (62.8%). The medical personnel's adherence with postoperative pain management guidelines was 88.0%. The details were as follows: 99.1% adherence in patients with mild pain, 82.6% in moderate pain, and 81.2% in severe pain. The multimodal analgesia was 12.3% in patients with mild pain, 83.6% in moderate pain, and 100% in severe pain. Most medical personnel have adhered to the postoperative pain management guideline and widely used in multimodal analgesia. There should be a systematic evaluation of guidelines implementation, patient satisfaction, and outcomes.
Prolonged impacts of past agriculture and ungulate overabundance on soil fungal communities in restored forests

Soil fungi can help improve ecosystem restoration, yet our understanding of how they reassemble in degraded land is limited. Here, using DNA metabarcoding, we studied the fungal community structure in reforested sites following agricultural abandonment and ungulate overabundance. Two treatments, namely “reforestation using different numbers of tree species” and “deer exclusion,” have been applied for multiple decades in the study sites. We found that local fungal richness (alpha diversity) and total fungal richness (gamma diversity) were 1.9– 2.9 and 1.3– 1.9 times greater, respectively, in reforested stands than in natural forests. These results were regardless of the number of tree species planted in the reforested stands. Conversely, reforested stands had a spatially homogenized community structure with relatively lower degrees of compositional dissimilarity among sites within each stand (beta diversity). These findings were attributable to lower environmental heterogeneity, stronger dispersal limitation, and a comparatively shorter time since the onset of community assembly in reforested stands. Deer exclosures had no detectable effect on fungal community structure. Overall, the agricultural legacy in fungal community structure appears to have persisted for decades, even under proactive restoration of aboveground vegetation. Direct human intervention belowground may therefore be necessary for the recovery of soil biota once altered.
Spatial Assessment of Wildfires Susceptibility in Santa Cruz (Bolivia) Using Random Forest

Wildfires are expected to increase in the near future, mainly because of climate changes and land use management. One of the most vulnerable areas in the world is the forest in central-South America, including Bolivia. Despite that this country is highly prone to wildfires, literature is rather limited here. To fill this gap, we implemented a dataset including the burned area that occurred in the department of Santa Cruz in the period of 2010–2019, and the digital spatial data describing the predisposing factors (i.e., topography, land cover, ecoregions). The main goal was to develop a model, based on Random Forest, in which probabilistic outputs allowed to elaborate wildfires susceptibility maps. The overall accuracy was finally estimated by using 5-fold cross-validation. In addition, the last three years of observations acted as the testing dataset, allowing to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. The quantitative assessment of the variables revealed that “flooded savanna” and “shrub or herbaceous cover, flooded, fresh/saline/brakish water” are respectively the ecoregions and land cover classes with the highest probability of predicting wildfires. This study contributes to the development and validation of an innovative mapping tool for fire risk assessment, implementable at a regional scale in different areas of the globe.
Type and Density of Bacterial and Fungal Bioaerosols and Particles in Inside and Outside of Hospital: Modeling of Dispersion and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Bioaerosols

The study of loading rate of microorganisms in the space of hospital inside and outside to evaluate their impacts on physical health of patients and staff, as well as to find out the source of possible infections and allergies stemming from the presence of bioaerosols is of great importance. In total, 262 bacterial and fungal samples were collected from the air of the wards of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. Also, suspended particles were measured by Particle Mass Counter (model: TES-5200). Parameter such as relative humidity and temperature were recorded by using TES-5200 device. To identify bacteria, some biochemical and molecular tests were conducted. And, for the identification of fungi, microscopic and macroscopic characteristics were used. The highest and lowest densities of the bioaerosols were observed in lung and operating wards (336.67 and 15.25 CFU/m3). Moreover, the highest and least concentrations of particles were seen in the emergency and operating wards, respectively. The most common fungi isolated from the hospital air were Penicillium (24.7%), Cladosporium (23. 4%), Aspergillus niger (13.3%) and Aspergillus Flavus (11.4%). Furthermore, the highest concentration of the isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus hemolyticus (31.84%). And, the bacteria had the most resistance to antibiotic gentamicin.The general average of air pollution of the hospital to bioaerosols in quantitative terms was higher than that suggested by international organizations. Considering the high concentration of bioaerosols and particles in the hospital studied, provision of optimal conditions (like temperature, humidity, suitable ventilation and intelligent air conditioning system) and imposing a restriction in the entrance of the wards can be utilized to reduce the amount of pollution.
A Novel Environment-Adaptive Timed Up and Go Test System for Fall Risk Assessment With Wearable Inertial Sensors

Objective: Falls are often accompanied by huge social costs, and fall risk assessment is essential to protect the elderly from serious injuries and reduce financial burdens. The standard timed up and go (TUG) balance assessment test focuses on the total walking time and scenarios without environmental changes, which is flawed in providing rich information related to falls and evaluating the gait adaptability in response to environmental changes. Therefore, a fall risk assessment system that relies on a variable environment is actually needed. Methods: We have constructed an environment-adaptive TUG (EATUG) test system with three terrain surfaces (levels/obstacles/stairs). One hundred and three elderly from Shenzhen Luohu Hospital is recruited to participate in the experiment. The wearable inertial sensors attached to the two shanks are used to acquire data, and the gait parameters that may be related to falls are extracted and quantified. Results: Most of the parameters have significant differences between the high-risk group and the low-risk group (e.g., peak power, maximum radius, double support, etc., p < 0.001). In addition, the average sensitivity and specificity of fall risk prediction are 85.7% and 92.9%, while the average accuracy is 9.52% higher than the standard TUG test. Conclusion: The EATUG test system can provide richer gait characteristics and fall-related information, which is a good improvement on the drawbacks of the standard TUG test. Significance: The proposed test system is expected to replace the standard TUG test and be used for fall screening of high-risk elderly in the community to reduce the occurrence of falls.
Crystal structure of 2-aminobenzothiazolinium nitrate and theoretical study of the amino-imino tautomerism of 2-aminobenzothiazole

Abstract 2-Aminobenzothiazolinium nitrate (1) was characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, IR, 1H NMR, and X-ray crystallography. The driving force for the 2-aminobenzothiazole tautomerism in methanol solution was studied using theoretical calculations. It is suggested that the 2-aminobenzothiazolinium cation is an intermediate product between the amino form (2) and imino form (3) of 2-aminobenzothiazole. The tautomerization reaction can proceed in two steps through protonation and deprotonation between the two forms 2 and 3.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Crude Whole Plant Methanolic Extract of Oxalis stricta Linn

Globally, it is well-known for some time now that the oxidation in vegetables and organisms is significant; it is responsible for cells’ existence. The side effects are free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species. Every living organism has an antioxidant defense and maintenance system that enables it to handle the ROS produced. In a biological system or an organism, an imbalance of ROS and antioxidant capacity leads to a phenomenon called oxidative stress. Naturally, antioxidant defense and maintenance systems of most biological systems or organisms are unable to cater to the entire oxidative injury. Oxidative stress is known to result in chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc. Oxalis stricta Linn. is a valuable medicinal plant native to Florida and uses many diseases. This study was intended to assess antioxidant activity, evaluate the phenol contents, and screen for phytonutrients present in O. stricta Linn. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydranyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay and phosphomolybdate assay with ascorbic acid as reference antioxidant, while the phenol content was also determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Phytochemical screening revealed that Oxalic acid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and glycosides were present. The total phenol content present in the crude methanolic extract was 25.26±1.02 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried extract. Antioxidant activity of extract by DPPH assay was expressed as IC50 values (μg/ml); the IC50 of the extract was 205.10 µg/ml and 85.04 µg/ml for ascorbic acid. The total antioxidant activity of the extract using phosphomolybdate assay was 24.73±1.14 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dried extract. Therefore, the results suggest that the phenolic content of O. stricta Linn. provides substantial antioxidant activity. The authors recommend further investigations for the isolation and then the characterization of specific active components present in O. stricta Linn.
The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on the Spelt Yield and the Yield of its Components

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fertilization with organic fertilizers Fertil Supernova and Ilsamin N90 on the yield and yield components of three spelt varieties. The study was conducted on an anthropogenized eutric cambisol at the experimental site of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb during 2015/16, 2016/17, and 2017/18, respectively. The study included three varieties of spelt, Nirvana, Ostro, and Bc Vigor, as well as a topdressing with organic fertilizers and a control (without topdressing). The first topdressing at the beginning of spring vegetation consisted of the application of organic fertilizer Fertil Supernova in the amount of 300 kg ha-1, while the second topdressing at the end of tillering consisted of a foliar application of Ilsamin N90 in the amount of 3 l ha-1. The spelt yield and its yield components were significantly influenced by weather conditions, primarily by the amount and distribution of precipitation. The studied spelt varieties did not significantly differ in the grain yield. In all three research years, the variety Nirvana has achieved the significantly largest number of ears per m2. Topdressing with organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the yield of the hulled spelt grain only in the dry year of 2016/17. Topdressing with organic fertilizers did not have a significant impact on the yield components.
Electronic Device and Data Processing Method for Soil Resistivity Analysis

This paper presents a mathematical algorithm and an electronic device to study soil resistivity. The system was based on introducing a time-varying electrical signal into the soil by using two electrodes and then collecting the electrical response of the soil. Hence, the proposed electronic system relied on a single-phase DC-to-AC converter followed by a transformer for the soil-to-circuit coupling. By using the maximum likelihood statistical method, a mathematical algorithm was realized to discern soil resistivity. The novelty of the numerical approach consisted of modeling a set of random data from the voltmeters by using a parametric uniform probability distribution function, and then, a parametric estimation was carried out for dataset analysis. Furthermore, to validate our contribution, a two-electrode laboratory experiment with soil was also designed. Finally, and according to the experimental outcomes, our electronic circuit and mathematical data analysis approach were able to detect different soil resistivities.