Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salinity impairs photosynthetic capacity and enhances carotenoid-related gene expression and biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom)

Carotenoids are essential components of the photosynthetic antenna and reaction center complexes, being also responsible for antioxidant defense, coloration, and many other functions in multiple plant tissues. In tomato, salinity negatively affects the development of vegetative organs and productivity, but according to previous studies it might also increase fruit color and taste, improving its quality, which is a current agricultural challenge. The fruit quality parameters that are increased by salinity are cultivar-specific and include carotenoid, sugar, and organic acid contents. However, the relationship between vegetative and reproductive organs and response to salinity is still poorly understood. Considering this, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom plants were grown in the absence of salt supplementation as well as with increasing concentrations of NaCl for 14 weeks, evaluating plant performance from vegetative to reproductive stages. In response to salinity, plants showed a significant reduction in net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, PSII quantum yield, and electron transport rate, in addition to an increase in non-photochemical quenching. In line with these responses the number of tomato clusters decreased, and smaller fruits with higher soluble solids content were obtained. Mature-green fruits also displayed a salt-dependent higher induction in the expression of PSY1, PDS, ZDS, and LYCB, key genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, in correlation with increased lycopene, lutein, β-carotene, and violaxanthin levels. These results suggest a key relationship between photosynthetic plant response and yield, involving impaired photosynthetic capacity, increased carotenoid-related gene expression, and carotenoid biosynthesis.
Prostate cancer localization based on multiparametric quantification of three-dimensional transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Introduction Despite being a prominent field of biomedical research, imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) has not yet been demonstrated to enable replacing systematic biopsy (SBx) [1]. The latter procedure relies on a standard 10 to 12-core biopsy template to sample the prostate tissue for subsequent histopathological examination [2]. Reliable imaging does not only have the potential to reduce procedure time and patient discomfort, but it could potentially also reduce the incidence of SBx-related complications [3] and improve diagnostic accuracy by providing means for a targeted biopsy procedure. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) has been considered as one of the candidates for robust PCa diagnosis [4]. Especially three-dimensional (3D) DCE-US, alleviating the limitation of being bound to a 2D plane, might be used to characterize prostate tissue prior to biopsy [5]. The underlying principle is that the visualization of vascularity through the use of tiny microbubble contrast agents [6] could highlight changes in the microvascular network associated with cancer angiogenesis [7]. Over the years, several quantification algorithms have been developed to extract features from the dynamic DCE-US recordings that reflect those changes. For this, we analyse the contrast intensity over time (i.e, the time-intensity curve, TIC) as the contrast bolus spreads through the prostate vasculature. In 2D, TIC features ranging from the simple heuristic wash-in time to more sophisticated parameters representing contrast-agent velocity and dispersion were proven useful in the diagnosis of prostate cancer [8]–[10]. Especially in 3D, where the sizable volume videos are not readily interpreted, these parameters can considerably elevate the diagnostic potential [5], [11], [12]. The aim of this work is therefore to expand the former 2D-only analyses to three dimensions and investigate their joint potential for the localization of PCa. As shown in 2D, multiparametric combination by means of machine learning is capable of capturing complementary information of different parameters [13]. Therefore, we also compare the results of combined 3D quantification in volumetric regions of interest against the histopathological findings of SBx in those regions.
Effect of concurrent training on trainability performance factors in youth elite golf players

Background Due to the early specialization of golf players, examining the within session sequence of training should be considered to enhance performance and prevent injury risk. The present study analyzed the effects of an 18-week concurrent training developed before or after a specific golf session in adolescence elite golfers on several performance factors. Methods Sixteen right-handed male golfers, were randomly divided into two groups: after golf specific training (AG) (n = 8, age: 16.77 ± 0.58 years) and before golf specific training (BG) (n = 8, age: 16.93 ± 0.59 years). AG and BG players followed a concurrent physical conditioning program (CT) after or before the golf specific training, respectively. Body mass, body fat, muscle mass, jumping ability (CMJ), ball speed (Sball), golf movements screens (GMS), power in a golf swing-specific cable woodchop (Wmax) and the perceived training load (TL) in golf specific training (TL-G) and TL in CT (TL-CT) were measured on three separate occasions. Results BG demonstrates a lower TL-CT than AG (p < .001, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}${\eta }_{p}^{2}=0.90$\end{document}ηp2=0.90) along the training program without effects on TL-G, achieving significant percentage of change on CMJ (9.38%; p = .165; d = 0.73), GMS (50.52%; p = .41, d = 0.91), Wmax (16.93%; p = .001; d = 2.02) and Sball (1.82%; p = .018; d = 0.92) without interaction effects on anthropometric measures. Conclusions Performing CT sessions before the regular golf training can improve specific performance factors with a lower perceived TL than the same training carried out after the regular golf training.
Safety evaluation of aqueous extracts of Sanghuangporus vaninii fruiting body in Sprague–Dawley rats

Abstract Sanghuangporus vaninii, called “Sanghuang,” is orally used for health care, tumor, and inflammation treatment in Asia. However, the safety of S. vaninii has not been evaluated. The major compounds analysis showed that aqueous extracts of S. vaninii fruiting body were rich in polysaccharides, nucleotides, and polyphenols. Then, the aqueous was given orally to Sprague–Dawley rats for toxical test. In acute toxicity study, the maximum tolerated dose was 21 g/kg. In 17‐week repeated dose toxicity experiment, all rats had no abnormal reaction among control group, low dose group (0.15 g/kg) and middle dose group (1.00 g/kg). At high dose group (6.00 g/kg), the feces began to darken on 16th day (D16), and turned to drug stained stool on D21, all rats recovered on the 3rd day (D92) of recovery period. During the whole experiment, there were no animal death and no treatment‐related changes in any of the parameters under the all doses. These results indicated the No‐Observed Adverse Effect Level of aqueous extract of S. vaninii fruiting body was 1.0 g/kg.
Determining the Cut Off Score of the Healthy Lifestyle Screening Tool among High School Students

Background Several lifestyle factors such as not smoking, drinking alcohol in moderation, eating healthily, regular exercise, and maintaining a normal weight have been known to play an important role in optimal health. A screening tool that has a standardized score that indicates healthy or risky lifestyle behaviors is needed for health promotion. However, such a tool that focuses on lifestyle behaviors have not incorporated scores to summarize the results. The purpose of this study is to develop the cut-off points of the Healthy Lifestyle Screening tool. Methods Data collection in this study was done from 198 Filipino high school students utilizing the Healthy Lifestyle Screening Tool. Results Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) results indicated cut-off score of 98 to separate into low and high score groups. The mean scores for all subcomponents were significantly different in between two groups. The general population fell in the high score category with a mean total score of 105.61 in which 81.31% were categorized in the high score group and 18.61% in the low score group. Subjects in general obtained low mean scores in specific subscale components such as rest (2.46) water (2.66) and exercise (2.78). Conclusion Increasing the total score by working on low scoring components will be beneficial in achieving a healthy lifestyle. This study reinforced the importance of holistic approach regarding health and well-being among high school students.
Efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic solutions compared to tobramycin 0.3% eye drops: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice for the treatment of signs and symptoms of eye diseases. The aim of this study was to render conclusive evidence by comparing the efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% over tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions for the treatment of eye diseases in a short duration in terms of bacterial resolution, the cure rate, and resolving clinical sign and symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in the electronic database (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science) and other sources. Multicenter randomized controlled trial studies conducted in English were identified and screened. Analysis of individual studies was conducted using the OpenMeta-analyst and Review Manager Version 5.3 software. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In clinical cure rate, azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops were more effective than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in short duration dosing (⩽5 days) with a twice-a-day regimen (relative risk = 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.008, 1.28), whereas on increased duration (>5 days), azithromycin is almost similarly as effective as tobramycin (relative risk = 1.007; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.05). There was no significant difference in efficacy of bacterial resolution of azithromycin (1%, 1.5%) eye drops compared to tobramycin (0.3%) eye drops (relative risk = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.018). Azithromycin eye drops are effective in improving the signs and symptoms of eye disease. Conclusion: Azithromycin 1% or 1.5% is more effective in the clinical cure rate of eye disease than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in ⩽5 days of treatment. It is also the best choice of treatment for improving the signs and symptoms of eye disease. So that we recommend clinicians to use azithromycin 1% or 1.5% eye drops. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019139911
Genetic variability and multivariate analyses in coloured sorghum landraces (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) of Tamil Nadu

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a versatile crop grown in more than 100 countries in tropics and semi arid regions for food, fodder, fuel and fiber. Red sorghum is noted for its rich phenolic content and specifically 3-deoxyanthocyanin content that lacks hydroxyl group at C-3 position. A total of 80 sorghum landraces collected from various sources from Tamil Nadu were evaluated during Kharif, 2019 to record morphological diversity present in the accessions. The 12 quantitative traits were recorded stage wise following IIMR DUS descriptor. The quantitative data collected from 80 sorghum landraces were statistically analyzed by variability study and association study. The high PCV and GCV were recorded for height upto flag leaf, flower length, panicle emergence, total height, panicle length, panicle branch length, panicle neck length, thousand grain weight and single plant yield. The moderate level of GCV and PCV was recorded for leaf length and leaf width. The trait stem diameter showed high PCV and moderate GCV. The variability study indicated that more variations were found in the population which facilitates efficient selection. The grain yield was positively related with leaf width and thousand grain weight. The yield was negatively influenced by height upto flag leaf, flower length, total height, panicle length, panicle neck length and panicle emergence. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the selection for high yielding landraces can be carried out phenotypically by selecting landraces with high grain weight, early panicle emergence, lesser height upto flag leaf, reduced neck length, reduced flower length and more leaf width to develop a desired high yielding sorghum variety.
Application of electrospinning technique in development of intelligent food packaging: A short review of recent trends

Abstract Intelligent food packaging refers to packages with the ability to sense foodstuff changes and to inform customers of the packaging content variations. They are often accompanied by smart detecting devices. Providing a suitable platform to include these devices into packaging polymers has always been discussing. Electrospun nanofibers produced through the electrospinning have been recently utilized as an outstanding and novel platforms for this purpose. Thus, the main aim of this study is to investigate recent trends in producing intelligent food packaging using electrospinning technique. In this regard, this paper was categorized into two chief sections, including (a) the principal of electrospinning technique to fabricate fine nanofibers and the parameters affecting the quality of electrospun fibers, and (b) the role of nanofibers as a platform to cover pH indicators in intelligent food packaging.
Using Complex Network Analysis for Optimization of Water Distribution Networks

The optimization of water networks supports the decision‐making process by identifying the optimal trade‐off between costs and performance (e.g., resilience and leakage). A major challenge in the domain of water distribution systems (WDSs) is the network (re)design. While the complex nature of WDS has already been explored with complex network analysis (CNA), literature is still lacking a CNA of optimal water networks. Based on a systematic CNA of Pareto‐optimal solutions of different WDSs, several graph characteristics are identified, and a newly developed CNA design approach for WDSs is proposed. The results show that obtained designs are comparable with results found by evolutionary optimization, but the CNA approach is applicable for large networks (e.g., 150,000 pipes) with a substantially reduced computational effort (runtime reduction up to 5 orders of magnitude).
Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the “omic” era. Part III. Metabolic disorders, metabolomics, nutrigenomics in psoriasis

Psoriasis is a systemic disease that is strictly connected with metabolic disorders (insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases). It occurs more often in patients with a more severe course of the disease. Obesity is specially an independent risk factor and it is associated with a worse treatment outcome because of the high inflammatory activity of visceral fatty tissue and the production of inflammatory mediators involved in the development of both psoriasis and metabolic disorders. However, in psoriasis the activation of the Th17/IL-17 and the abnormalities in the Th17/Treg balance axis are observed, but this pathomechanism does not fully explain the frequent occurrence of metabolic disorders. Therefore, there is a need to look for better biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of concomitant disorders and therapeutic effects in psoriasis. In addition, the education on the use of a proper diet as a prophylaxis for the development of the above disorders is an important element of holistic care for a patient with psoriasis. Diet may affect gene expression due to epigenetic modification which encompasses interactions of environment, nutrition and diseases. Patients with psoriasis should be advised to adopt proper diet and dietician support.
Do saki monkeys possess a grooming claw?

Abstract The presence of a grooming claw on the second toe is a characteristic of Strepsirrhini and tarsiers. There is also some evidence for the presence of a grooming claw in Platyrrhini. Here we report qualitative findings from different species of saki monkeys, genus Pithecia, on the presence of modified nails on the second toe. These observations suggest that a grooming claw or a grooming claw-like nail occurs in different Pithecia species, but that it does not consistently occur in all individuals.
Prognostic value of immune scores in the microenvironment of colorectal cancer

Cancer immunotherapy has become an important means of cancer treatment; however, the complex composition and heterogeneity of the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment pose a huge challenge to cancer immunotherapy. Using data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the differences in the microenvironment between cases with low and high immune scores were examined at the multiomics level using bioinformatics approaches. It was revealed that the samples with high immune scores had good cytolytic immune responses and relatively abundant stromal cells, as well as significant infiltration of 22 immune cell subsets and a high non-synonymous mutation burden and neoantigen burden. All of these characteristics contribute to a good prognosis. To better understand the impact of immune-related genes on prognosis, differentially expressed genes between the low and high immune score samples were identified and it was concluded that serpin family Emember 1 (SERPINE1) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) may be potential therapeutic targets. The relationship between the immune score and the infiltration of 22 immune cells and the difference in SERPINE1 expression were verified by analyzing the GSE17536 and GSE21510 data sets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The present study analyzed the unique properties of immune cells in the CRC microenvironment, which are of great significance for understanding CRC immune mechanism and may also provide novel ideas for the targeted design of cancer immunotherapy.
Phenotypic characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing AVP1 and MIOX4 in response to abiotic stresses

Premise AVP1 (H+‐pyrophosphatase) and MIOX4 (myo‐inositol oxygenase) are genes that, when overexpressed individually, enhance the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We propose that pyramiding AVP1 and MIOX4 genes will further improve stress tolerance under water‐limited and salt‐stress conditions. Methods MIOX4 and AVP1 reciprocal crosses were developed and phenomic approaches used to investigate the possible synergy between these genes. Results Under normal and stress conditions, the crosses had higher foliar ascorbate content than the wild‐type and parental lines. Under water‐limited conditions, the crosses also displayed an enhanced growth rate and biomass compared with the control. The observed increases in photosystem II efficiency, linear electron flow, and relative chlorophyll content may have contributed to this observed phenotype. Additionally, the crosses retained more water than the controls when subjected to salt stress. Higher seed yields were also observed in the crosses compared with the controls when grown under salt and water‐limitation stresses. Discussion Overall, these results suggest the combinatorial effect of overexpressing MIOX4 and AVP1 may be more advantageous than the individual traits for enhancing stress tolerance and seed yields during crop improvement.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of Antirrhinum majus extract in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Abstract Antirrhinum majus (AM) has attracted attention as a rich source of phytochemicals, which are beneficial for human health. However, the anti‐inflammatory effects of AM have not been studied scientifically. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidative properties and anti‐inflammatory effects of AM extract (AME) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. AME showed high radical‐scavenging ability. Viability of RAW 264.7 cells was not significantly altered by AME at the concentrations of 0–300 µg/ml. LPS‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased by treatment with 0–300 µg/ml AME in a concentration‐dependent manner. AME pretreatment significantly inhibited the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in a concentration‐dependent manner. AME also considerably inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐a (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). These findings provide a foundation for further studies and use of AM in nutraceuticals.
Angioedema. Interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society (PTD) and Polish Society of Allergology (PTA)

Angioedema is a non-inflammatory oedema of the subcutaneous tissue and/or mucosal membranes. It most commonly coexists with urticaria wheals and is considered to be a deep form of urticaria. Less commonly, it occurs in isolation and can take two basic forms: acquired angioedema and hereditary angioedema. Currently, there are 4 defined types of acquired angioedema and 7 types of hereditary angioedema. Treatment of angioedema depends on its form and etiological factors. Especially the genetic form, i.e. hereditary angioedema, is a considerable challenge for medical specialists, particularly dermatologists and allergists.
In Vitro Anti-Hyaluronidase Activity Test of Alpiniazerumbet Rhizome Extract (Alpiniazerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt& R.M. Sm) and Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

Alpinia zerumbet rhizome (Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BL Burtt & RM Sm) contains phenolic compounds that have antihyaluronidase activity that can reduce wrinkles on the skin. This study aims to test anti-hyaluronidase activity of Alpinia zerumbet rhizome extract using in vitro method and to prepare it in the form of nanoparticles with Solid Lipid nanoparticles (SLN) delivery system. Powder of Alpinia zerumbet rhizome was extracted with 70% ethanol using kinetic maceration method, then concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator at 100 mmHg at a temperature of ±50°C. Anti-hyaluronidase activity of extract was tested using in vitro method with ELISA Reader, and then prepared into nanoparticles with SLN delivery system. Extract loaded SLN were prepared using polyethyleneglycol 8-beeswax and acrylyl glucoside underhigh speed homogenization-ultrasonication methods. Afterwards, extract loaded SLN was characterized. The test results of anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50) of Alpinia zerumbet rhizome extract was 81.04 mg/mL. The characterization of Alpinia zerumbet rhizome extract loaded SLN were particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphology analysis, all of the tests met the requirements of nanoparticle with results respectively, 138.6 nm; 0.226; -29.9 mV and a spherical shape. In conclusion, Alpinia zerumbet rhizome extract loaded SLN has potential as an anti-hyaluronidase agent with the ability to reduce wrinkles on the skin.