Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ripening Level and Processing Delay on the Characteristics of Oil Palm Fruit Bunches

Palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) are raw materials used in CPO mills and produced by palm oil plants. The nature and quality of these raw materials considerably affect the characteristics of the crude palm oil (CPO). The characteristic of crude palm oil (CPO) can be affected by freshness level, ripening of palm fruit bunches, growing sites, poor transportation and harvest and postharvest systems. Amongst the aforementioned factors, the major problems that occur frequently are the ripening level and processing delay of palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) and also brondolan (loose fruits from bunches). Harvested FFBs must be optimally ripened to achieve high oil content and must be immediately taken to the factory for processing. Accordingly, the present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of palm oil produced at different ripening levels and processing delay times of palm fruit bunches from oil palm plantations in Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. The objects of this research are ripening level (underripe, ripe, overripe and brondolan ) and processing delay time (12, 36 and 60 h). Results show that the ripening level and length of processing delay of palm fruit bunches can affect the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) value, free fatty acid (FFA) content, oil content, peroxide value ( α = 0.05) and profile of fatty acid composition. A long processing delay increases FFA content and peroxide value, but decreases DOBI value and oil content. From the observed parameters, the best results are found on ripe FFBs with a processing delay time of 12 h. The results are still good at 36 h but deteriorated after 60 h.
Comparative study of ursid remains from the Quaternary of Greece, Turkey and Israel

Abstract. Ursid remains from Quaternary cave sites in Greece, Turkey and Israel are compared and discussed. This material comes from Petralona and Loutraki (Greece), Yarimburgaz (Turkey) and an eroded karstic cave in the Upper Galilee (northern Israel). Each has been studied and analyzed previously. In Petralona, the predominant bear is a transitional form between Ursus deningeri and U. spelaeus, although three species (U. deningeri, U. spelaeus and U. cf. arctos) have been identified. These species have also been found in Yarimburgaz cave, while only U. deningeri has been recovered in Israel and U. spelaeus in the Loutraki caves. The discussion is based on both morphological and metrical analyses. The combination of arctoid and speleoid characters, as well as the astonishing size variability of U. deningeri from these sites, is notable. The Yarimburgaz remains of U. spelaeus represent one of the most robust morphotypes of the species, while those of U. cf. arctos represent one of the most slender types. The fourth premolars of the Yarimburgaz ursids show variation from very primitive to very evolved morphotypes. The lower premolar varies from a single cuspid to three cuspids, while the upper premolar varies from a simpler form to a more complicated one. There is thus a tendency to molarization of the lower premolars and a trend from broadened to more elongate occlusals. These characters are very clear in U. spelaeus from the Loutraki caves, as well as in the speleoid bear from Petralona, the elongation of the third lower molar of which is remarkable. The presence at Loutraki of abundant deciduous teeth, in spite of their fragility, as well as of abundant cranial remains, is remarkable, and in contrast to other sites, where even though there is an abundance of ursid material, milk teeth are rather rare.
A comparison of the muscular organization of the rhopalial stalk in Cubomedusae (Cnidaria)

In the phylum Cnidaria, little is known about the organization of sensory systems of the motile forms, jellyfish. Cubomedusae, or box jellyfish, have four sophisticated sensory structures (rhopalia), one on each side of the box-shaped bell. Each rhopalium contains a statolith, two complex eyes, four ocelli and sensory epithelia, and is suspended by a stalk within a cavity (niche) that opens on the outside of the bell. The function of the stalk, beyond forming a connection between the rhopalium and the bell, is largely unknown. Electron microscopy and light microscopy were utilized to determine the function of the rhopalial stalk and compare stalk morphology among four species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), with an emphasis on muscle fiber organization. A branch of the gastrovascular cavity forms the center of the stalk surrounded by the gastrodermis, mesoglea and epithelium. Epitheliomuscular cells make up the majority of the epithelium. Muscle fibers are smooth, longitudinal and asymmetrically arranged around the periphery of the stalk. In three out of four species, the stalk bends or shortens in response to potentially injurious stimuli to move the rhopalium into a more protective position. The structure of the rhopalial niche varies in each species and can be correlated to muscle fiber percent area.
Energy efficient secure MIMO transmission in the presence of smart attacker

The multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission against a smart attacker has recently been formulated as a non-collaborative game, in which the reinforcement learning-based transmitter is devised to suppress the attack motivation of the malicious attacker for more secure transmission. Basically, large enough transmission power is needed to obtain the Nash equilibrium in favour of the MIMO transmitter. When energy efficiency is required, a secure MIMO transmission design with reasonable energy efficiency will become highly desirable. This study focuses on how to make the MIMO transmitter not only resist malicious attacker but also realise reasonable energy efficiency. To this end, a new game between the MIMO transmitter and the malicious attacker is formulated to take into account the energy efficiency of the MIMO transmitter. Since the energy efficiency requirement tends to reduce the transmission power by the MIMO transmitter, which may degrade the realised security performance in an adverse environment, the probabilistic transmission strategy was employed to further enhance the secure transmission. The analysis results unveil that the proposed energy-efficient secure MIMO transmission design can not only ensure reasonable security performance but also noticeably improve energy efficiency performance.
Live imaging of autoimmune responses in distinct milieus of the central nervous system

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Even though it is considered to be a classical demyelinating disease, an increasing body of evidence also demonstrates the early presence of inflammatory lesions in the grey matter. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal paradigm of MS, preferential involvement of grey matter is rarely reported, hindering the study of this important aspect of the disease. In this thesis, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transduced effector T cells reactive either against a myelin antigen, i.e. the myelin basic protein (TMBP-GFP) or against a neuronal antigen, i.e. the β-synuclein (Tβ-Syn-GFP) were used to induce EAE by passive transfer in recipient Lewis rats. The aim was to elucidate the homing behaviour of encephalitogenic effector T cells into the distinct milieus of the CNS. Both of these T cell lines had a similar phenotype in vitro and similar pathogenic potential in vivo. However, they displayed a completely different infiltration pattern in the CNS tissue: whereas the TMBP-GFP cells were distributed mainly in the white matter, the Tβ-Syn-GFP cells were mostly located in the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord (SC), mimicking the cortical pathology of MS. This divergent infiltration pattern was not due to tissue-intrinsic properties such as apoptosis rate or chemokine expression in the different CNS compartments. Neither did cell-specific properties such as chemokine/integrin expression profile, cytokine level or T cell homing during the preclinical phase play any role. By using two–photon laser scanning microscopy it was possible to visualize in real time the entry and the distribution of TMBP-GFP cells and Tβ-Syn-GFP cells in the meningeal compartments of brain and SC, thus providing indirect evidence that the antigen availability in the target tissue determines the level of activation and therefore the pattern of tissue invasion. Finally, direct activation of TMBP cells in the white matter and of Tβ-Syn cells in the grey matter of the CNS parenchyma was demonstrated in situ by using a genetically encoded NFAT (nuclear factor of T cell activation) biosensor further confirming that the antigen-dependent activation of encephalitogenic T cells is the key factor that determines the homing of these cells into the target tissue.
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing: Theory and protocols.

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Demonstrations, demoralization, and de‐policing

Research Summary This study examined relationships between public antipathy toward the police, demoralization, and depolicing using pooled time-series cross-sections of 13,257 surveys from law enforcement officers in 100 U.S. agencies both before and after Ferguson and contemporaneous demonstrations. The results do not provide strong support for Ferguson Effects. Post-Ferguson changes to job satisfaction, burnout, and cynicism (reciprocated distrust) were negligible, and while Post-Ferguson officers issued fewer citations, they did not conduct less foot patrol or attend fewer community meetings. Cynicism, which was widespread both before and after Ferguson, was associated with less police activity of all types. Policy Implications Post-Ferguson protests in 2014 did not appreciably worsen police morale nor lead to withdrawal from most police work (with the exception of citations issued), suggesting that the police institution is resilient to exogenous shocks. However, officer cynicism (as one aspect of morale) appears to be an entrenched, enduring feature of police culture and independently accounts for reduced activity among individual officers, suggesting that agencies may need to address officer cynicism—irrespective of legitimacy crises—in order to promote proactive policing and community engagement.
Ecohydrological change following rewetting of a deep‐drained northern raised bog

Restoration of degraded peatland ecosystems (by rewetting) is undertaken to bring back key ecosystem services. However, the restoration process can have a range of ecohydrological effects, due to the associated physical and biogeochemical disturbance. In the case of northern peatlands drained by large and deep ditches, the rewetting effects are relatively unknown. The raised bog Grande plée Bleue (1,500 ha) is one of the largest pristine bogs in the St‐Lawrence lowlands in North America; however, it contained an old (>60 years), 750 m long, 3.5 m deep, and 8 m wide ditch. Rewetting of the area affected by the ditch was carried out by the construction of six dams at 40 cm elevation intervals and felling of all trees (with diameter at breast height >10 cm) within 30 m. Water table was restored to levels similar to intact bog reference sites, only at elevation differences up to 17 cm from the nearest lower dam, while rewetting did not affect pore‐water chemistry. Five to 6 years post‐rewetting, the cover of both pioneer mosses, and late successional mosses (Sphagnum) had not changed significantly compared with pre‐rewetting. This may have been due to the presence of dense shrub cover. For more effective ecohydrological restoration, dams should be spaced at smaller elevation intervals (e.g., every 20 cm of elevation or less), to allow recovery of water table along the entire length of the ditch, and vegetation introduction using the moss layer transfer technique may accelerate Sphagnum recruitment, especially in the few first metres from the ditch.
Inhibitory effect of citric acid on rancidity of frozen catfish (Silurus glanis) fillets

The effect of aqueous solution of citric acid (CA) on the lipid stability of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) fillets during frozen storage (up to 6 months) was investigated. Rancidity development was measured by several biochemical indices (free fatty acids, peroxides and TBA) and complemented by the measurement of expressible moisture and sensory evaluation (flesh odor, consistency and flesh appearance). The CA treatment led to some lower free fatty acids (6.43% oleic acid in total lipid at month 6), peroxides (7.98meq oxygen/kg lipids, at month 6) and secondary compounds formation (2.16mg malondialdehyde/kg fish sample). Lower peroxide, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBA), free fatty acids (during 0, 3 and 6 months frozen storage), and expressible moisture (month 6) values were obtained from CA-treated fish fillets than the untreated (blank control) ones (P<0.05).
The impacts of human resource management practices on employees’ motivation and loyalty

Article history: Received: February 16, 2020 Received in revised format: March 22 2020 Accepted: March 22, 2020 Available online: March 22, 2020 The research was conducted in order to identify the relationships between human resource practices, employee motivation and employee loyalty. Quantitative research method was applied with questionnaires directly delivered to 595 employees in hospitality sector in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Statistics techniques including exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression and mediation analysis were used. The empirical results showed that variables of team spirit, career development, compensation, relationship with manager and working environment directly affected employee motivation and consequently, they provided indirect effects on loyalty through the mediation of employee motivation. In addition, employee loyalty was also directly affected by career development, working environment and employee motivation. It is suggested that hospitality sector should develop attractive compensation and benefit policies, comfortable workplace environment, coherent teamwork culture as well as straightforward career training and development plan for achieving higher level of employee loyalty. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Effect of Adjunctive Use of Propolis Gel with Non Surgical Treatment in Management of Chronic Periodontitis

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of propolis gel associated with non surgical therapy in the management of chronic periodontitis. Subjects and Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were selected in this study with probing depth not less than 5 mm in each site. Patients randomly divided into three groups ten subjects on each. Patients in Group1 were treated with scaling and root planning and local delivery of propolis gel with chitosan polymer. Patients in group 2 were treated with non surgical therapy and propolis gel with polyox polymer. Patients in group 3 were treated with non surgical therapy alone. The clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month and 3 months. Results: Clinical parameters showed a favorable improvement in group received propolis gel with polyox polymer than the group received propolis gel containing chitosan polymer. Conclusion: Adjunctive use of propolis with polyox polymer to non surgical therapy showed favorable results over use of propolis with chitosan polymer in patients with chronic periodontitis.
GLP-1 and Muscarinic Receptor Mediated Activation of ERK1/2 in Pancreatic β-cells

Selway JL, Moore CJ, Storey N, Herbert TP (September 2009) GLP-1 mediates ERK dependent insulin transcription via local Ca 2+ signalling at the L-type VGCC in pancreatic β-cells. Poster presentation at Leicester YPS: Ion channels and receptors in cell physiology, Leicester, UK. Selway JL and Herbert TP (March 2009) GLP-1 mediates ERK phosphorylation via the L-type VGCC in pancreatic β-cells. Poster presentation at the Diabetes UK, Annual Professional Conference, Glasgow. Selway JL and Herbert TP (November 2008) GLP-1 mediates ERK phosphorylation via the L-type VGCC in pancreatic β-cells. Oral presentation at the 2 Diabetes UK Networking meeting, London, UK. Selway JL and Herbert TP (September 2008) GLP-1 mediates ERK phosphorylation via the L-type VGCC in pancreatic β-cells. Oral presentation and poster presentation at the Islet Symposium Group, Rome, Italy. Selway JL and Herbert TP (October 2007) GLP-1 mediates ERK phosphorylation via the L-type VGCC in pancreatic β-cells. Poster presentation at the 1 Diabetes UK Networking meeting, London, UK.
Measurement of the Endogenous Levels of Adenosine Nucleotides in Sweet and Sour Lemon Fruits1

These studies involved the development of a method to measure the endogenous levels of adenosine nucleotides in sweet lemon, Citrus limettioides, Tanaka and sour lemon, Citrus limon, L. These species differ greatly in organic acid contents of fruits. The adenosine nucleotides were precipitated as Ba salts and separated on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 anion exchange columns. The determinations included a range of fruit sizes from very young, growing to rather large, maturing, fruits of both lemon species. A noteworthy difference was found in the total adenosine nucleotides of very young fruits, with the sour lemon fruits having almost twice as much as the sweet lemon fruits. The ratio or ATP/AMP was found to be consistently higher (~3X) in young sour lemon fruits than in sweet lemon fruits. The energy charge was calculated from the concentrations of the nucleotides and little or no difference between the two lemon species was observed.
Asymmetric Shocks Patterns in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community

Assessing the economic efficiency of countries’ participation to a currency union has become a relevant topic since the introduction of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) theory by Mundell (1961). This paper attempts to evaluate the performance of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) as a currency union in the context of exposure to asymmetric shocks. We first identify structural macroeconomic shocks within the region using the Blanchard and Quah Method. We find that aggregate demand shocks fluctuations display more symmetric patterns than those of aggregate supply shocks. Chad is the apparent outlier, as it is the only economy in the monetary union to experience negative supply shocks. This suggests that the loss of monetary sovereignty might result in significant adjustment costs.
Sustainability Research on Promoting the Inheritance of Lacquer Art Based on the E-learning Mode—Case Study of the Popularization of Lacquer Art Education in Primary Schools in Guangzhou Area

This paper investigates the sustainable inheritance of contemporary lacquer art in the Guangzhou area. Based on the traditional teaching mode dominated by folk inheritance and university education, this paper develops the advantage of contemporary information technology and proposes the application of the e-learning mode to assist the popularization of lacquer art education in society, which plays a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of the lacquer art culture in Guangzhou. This study adopts literature analysis and the questionnaire survey method, and then integrates this learning mode into the lacquer art learning curriculum in primary schools. Finally, this paper summarizes and reflects on the teaching results, and presents the effective role of this model in promoting the teaching of lacquer art culture, which is of important practical significance for consolidating the sustainable development of contemporary lacquer art culture.
Load Profile Segmentation for Effective Residential Demand Response Program: Method and Evidence from Korean Pilot Study

Due to the heterogeneity of demand response behaviors among customers, selecting a suitable segment is one of the key factors for the efficient and stable operation of the demand response (DR) program. Most utilities recognize the importance of targeted enrollment. Customer targeting in DR programs is normally implemented based on customer segmentation. Residential customers are characterized by low electricity consumption and large variability across times of consumption. These factors are considered to be the primary challenges in household load profile segmentation. Existing customer segmentation methods have limitations in reflecting daily consumption of electricity, peak demand timings, and load patterns. In this study, we propose a new clustering method to segment customers more effectively in residential demand response programs and thereby, identify suitable customer targets in DR. The approach can be described as a two-stage k-means procedure including consumption features and load patterns. We provide evidence of the outstanding performance of the proposed method compared to existing k-means, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) models. Segmentation results are also analyzed to identify appropriate groups participating in DR, and the DR effect of targeted groups was estimated in comparison with customers without load profile segmentation. We applied the proposed method to residential customers who participated in a peak-time rebate pilot DR program in Korea. The result proves that the proposed method shows outstanding performance: demand reduction increased by 33.44% compared with the opt-in case and the utility saving cost in DR operation was 437,256 KRW. Furthermore, our study shows that organizations applying DR programs, such as retail utilities or independent system operators, can more economically manage incentive-based DR programs by selecting targeted customers.
Session-RPE is a valuable internal loading evaluation method in beach volleyball for both genders, elite and amateur players, conditioning and technical sessions, but limited for tactical training and games

This study aimed to verify the validity of session-RPE method to monitor the internal training load (ITL) in beach volleyball players by considering sessions related to different genders, competition levels (elite or amateur), and types of session (conditioning, technical, or tactical/game). Session-RPE and Edwards’ methods were applied to quantify the ITLs of 12 elite (18 players; 197 individual sessions) and 12 amateur (18 players; 189 individual sessions) training sessions. Very large relationships between the two methods emerged for both competition level (Elite: r=.77; Amateur: r=.75) and gender (male: r=.76; female: r=.75) subgroups, and conditioning sessions (r=.75). Large relationships emerged for technical (r=.61) sessions, whereas tactical/game sessions resulted only in moderate relationships (r=.36). Beach volleyball coaches could adequately use session-RPE method to monitor training for players of different genders, competition levels, and types of session, although tactical/game sessions should be considered with some caution.