Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POGGE’S ACCOUNT OF GLOBAL POVERTY AND RESPONSES FROM ELEMENTARY TEACHERS

ABSTRACT It is the overriding objective of international organizations and some intellectuals to provide practical ways in solving the issue of global poverty. From a philosophical reading towards a qualitative design, this paper aims to answer the question of obligation among affluent countries and its people for the eradication of worldwide poverty as posed by some moral and political theorists. The research hinges on the guide and approach of Thomas Pogge’s account of Global Poverty. Then, using the descriptive method, the paper bridges the gap of a global issue to the fringes of local perspectives as it affects education and knowledge-production. Elementary teachers served as the participants of the study to gather responses concerning global perspectives on the issue. The following themes reflect the teachers’ responses: 1) prevalence of inequalities, 2) socioeconomic gain from discriminatory advantage, 3) creation of social problems, 4) quality of living as indication of progress, and 5) ‘w e are in the same world’. Keywords: Global poverty; Obligation; Global order; Pogge; Elementary teachers
vIS: An Immersive Virtual Storytelling System for Vocational Training

Storytelling has been established as a proven method to effectively communicate and assist in knowledge transfer. In recent years, there has been growing interest in improving the training and learning domain by using advanced technology such as Virtual Reality (VR). However, a gap exists between storytelling and VR, and it is as yet unclear how they can be combined to form an effective system that not only maintains the level of engagement and immersion provided by VR technology but also provides the core strengths of storytelling. In this paper, we present vIS, a Vocational Immersive Storytelling system, which bridges the gap between storytelling and VR. vIS focuses on vocational training, in which users are trained on how to use a mechanical micrometer by employing a creative fictional story embedded inside a virtual manufacturing plant’s workplace. For the evaluation, a two-phase user study with 30 participants was conducted to measure the system’s effectiveness and improvements in long-term training, as well as to examine user experience against traditional methods of training—2D videos and textual manuals. The results indicate that the user’s ability to retain their training after seven days was nearly equal for vIS and the 2D video-based technique and was considerably higher than the text-based technique.
Cosmic ray transport in mixed magnetic fields and their role on the observed anisotropies

There is a growing set of observational data demonstrating that cosmic rays exhibit small-scale anisotropies (5-30◦) with amplitude deviations lying between 0.01-0.1% that of the average cosmic ray flux. A broad range of models have been proposed to explain these anisotropies ranging from finite-scale magnetic field structures to dark matter annihilation. The standard diffusion transport methods used in cosmic ray propagation do not capture the transport physics in a medium with finite-scale or coherent magnetic field structures. Here we present a Monte Carlo transport method, applying it to a series of finite-scale magnetic field structures to determine the requirements of such fields in explaining the observed cosmic-ray, small-scale anisotropies.
Calculation of electric field and temperature distribution within a microwave oven with realistic geometric features geometric features using numeric simulations

Abstract Many simulations employed in microwave heating simplify the geometric model of the microwave cavity to reduce the complexity of the model. Some detailed design features of the cavity, such as magnetron and cavity depression, are usually ignored. This study built detailed geometric models (DGM) and simplified geometric models (SGM) to investigate the changes in the electric field in a microwave cavity. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate rotating and stationary food (mashed potatoes) during microwave heating, and the simulation parameters and strategy during rotation were optimized. The simulations using DGM and SGM were compared by comparing the simulated transient temperature profiles and spatial temperature patterns with physical experiments. The results indicate that the temperature patterns of the DGM differed significantly from the SGM, and the simulation results of the DGM were closer to the experimental results. The presence of the magnetron, plastic bearing and detailed glass turntable had little influence on the electric field, but the dents had the great influence. The influence of dents on the heating uniformity was discussed in detail.
Discovering regions of anomalous spatial co-locations

ABSTRACT Regions of anomalous spatial co-locations (ROASCs) are regions where co-locations between two different features are significantly stronger or weaker than expected. ROASC discovery can provide useful insights for studying unexpected spatial associations at regional scales. The main challenges are that the ROASCs are spatially arbitrary in geographic shape and the distributions of spatial features are unknown a priori. To avoid restrictive assumptions regarding the distribution of data, we propose a distribution-free method for discovering arbitrarily shaped ROASCs. First, we present a multidirectional optimization method to adaptively identify the candidate ROASCs, whose sizes and shapes are fully endogenized. Furthermore, the validity of the candidates is evaluated through significance tests under the null hypothesis that the expected spatial co-locations between two features occur consistently across space. To effectively model the null hypothesis, we develop a bivariate pattern reconstruction method by reconstructing the spatial auto- and cross-correlation structures observed in the data. Synthetic experiments and a case study conducted using Shanghai taxi datasets demonstrate the advantages of our method, in terms of effectiveness, over an available alternative method.
Peat Properties and Holocene Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation Rates in a Peatland in the Xinjiang Altai Mountains, Northwestern China

A high‐resolution study of bulk properties in a peat sequence from the Xinjiang Altai Mountains of northwestern China has allowed reconstruction of local variations in peat properties and peat C and N accumulation rates (CAR and NAR) during the Holocene. Analyses of peat bulk density, loss on ignition, and concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) and their elemental ratios and stable isotopic values suggest that changes in peat‐forming vegetation types during different parts of this epoch are the major factors responsible for the variations of peat properties in this sequence. The long‐term peat CAR has been 25.4 ± 7.7 (SD) g C/m2/yr, with lower values during the early Holocene and higher accumulations during the late Holocene, which is opposite to the Holocene variations in CAR in other northern peatlands. In contrast, the long‐term peat NAR is 1.5 ± 0.5 (SD) g N/m2/yr and is higher during the early and middle Holocene and lower during the late Holocene as in other northern peatlands. However, unlike other northern peatlands, long‐term peat NAR does not vary with the CAR, which is influenced by the peat density and accumulation rate. Variations in long‐term peat C and N accumulations in the Altai Mountains can be attributed to changes in primary productivity, in the dominant plant types and in peat decomposition caused by changes in both regional Holocene climate and local conditions.
Engineered macrophage membrane‐enveloped nanomedicine for ameliorating myocardial infarction in a mouse model

Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) is the serious condition causing lots of death over the world. Myocytes apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis are three important factors implicated in pathogenesis of MI. Targeting these three factors has been shown to ameliorate MI and rescue cardiac function. Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNA (miR) 199a‐3p protect against MI. In this study, we prepare macrophage membrane coated nanoparticles (MMNPs) containing miR199a‐3p. We evaluate the effects of these NPs on apoptosis and cell proliferation in vitro and the effects on inflammation cytokine production, expression of fibrosis related proteins, cardiac injuries, and functions in MI mice. We find that the MMNPs have receptors of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and can bind to these cytokines. MMNPs prevent hypoxia‐induced apoptosis and promote cell proliferation, suppress the inflammation, and inhibit the cardiac fibrosis in MI mice. These results demonstrate that MMNPs ameliorate left ventricular remodeling and cardiac functions, and protect against MI, suggesting MMNPs containing miR199a‐3p is a potential therapeutic approach to treat MI.
Chemical and biological indicators of soil quality in organic and conventional Japanese plum orchards

ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of the management system on soil quality, chemical and biological properties were measured in soils (0–20 cm depth) from Japanese plum orchards managed under organic and conventional conditions. The experiment was conducted between 2005 and 2014 in orchards established at the agricultural research station at Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain. Overall, the soil chemical parameters in the organic orchard showed higher concentrations of soil organic matter, total N, available P and Mg. There was a trend of higher concentrations of K and Na, though for these elements the differences were significant only in two and one years, respectively. Similarly, concentrations of Mn and Zn tended to be higher in the organic plots, whereas contradictory trends were shown for Fe and Cu. No differences were found between the treatments for other physicochemical parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity. Regarding soil biological properties, the organic system was characterised with a significantly greater abundance of bacteria and fungi compared with the conventional system. The rhizobia population and the legume biomass were also higher in the organic orchard and the plants had more nodules. Likewise, the number of earthworms was higher in the organic system. The results showed that long-term organic management, including the use of cover crops and compost, resulted in a significant shift of the chemical and biological characteristics of the soil compared with the conventional management practice, thus improving soil quality and suggesting that organic farming may provide a potential solution to achieve sustainable agricultural systems.
Analyzing the period distribution of digital chaos with graph theory

The related characteristics of chaos are closely related to the basic concepts of confusion and diffusion in cryptography, which makes chaotic systems widely used in chaotic secure communication. However, when a chaotic system is implemented in a hardware device with finite calculation precision, its dynamic characteristics will be degraded to varying degrees due to the different calculation precision of the hardware device. The dynamic degradation of digital chaos will threaten the security of chaotic secure communication. To evaluate the performance of various digital chaotic maps, we proposed a universal period search algorithm (UPSA) that is based on graph theory with the purpose of analyzing the period distribution of digital chaos from a new perspective. The algorithm can calculate the maximal transient length, fixed points and periodic limit cycles (i.e. attractive basins) of digital chaos in finite-precision domains accurately. Furthermore, in order to test the versatility and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, the periodic distribution and security of several typical digital chaotic maps are analyzed in detail. To a certain degree, UPSA can reduce the difficulty of cryptanalysis of digital chaotic ciphers and understand the network structures of functional graphs of digital chaos.
Development and formulation of itraconazole capsule by using reliable dispersion technique for solubility enhancement

Solid dispersions enhance the bioavailability and dissolution rate of the drugs by increasing the solubility of low soluble drugs. Different methods are employed in the preparation of Solid Dispersions such as kneading technique, co-precipitation technique, hot-melt extrusion technique, fusion technique, solvent technique, etc. Solid Dispersions has used various types of carriers to enhance the solubility of low soluble drugs. In this paper to overcome the drawback of adaptive solid diffusionmethods and also to recover the bioavailability of itraconazole without crystalline change, we have used the following itraconazole, poloxamer, Sporanox, citric acid and PVP to prepare the solid diffusions. Itraconazole, poloxamer, Sporanox chemical are supplied by the various chemical supplier like Hemmi Pharma, BASF Chemical, Korea-Hanssen Pharm respectively. Solid diffusion the properties of carters on the solubility of itraconazole has experimented. Also, the dissolution and stability have been investigated and evaluatedwith commercial chemicals such as Sporanox which consist of 100 mg itraconazole. Hence it is crucial to show the changes in a crystalline form of the drug for a minimum of 6 months to shows the stability of the presented dispersion approach. Thus, developed formulation shows the importance of solubility without crystalline change by improving the bioavailability and increased the solubility of the drug.
Modeling River Runoff Temporal Behavior through a Hybrid Causal–Hydrological (HCH) Method

The uncertainty in traditional hydrological modeling is a challenge that has not yet been overcome. This research aimed to provide a new method called the hybrid causal–hydrological (HCH) method, which consists of the combination of traditional rainfall–runoff models with novel hydrological approaches based on artificial intelligence, called Bayesian causal modeling (BCM). This was implemented by building nine causal models for three sub-basins of the Barbate River Basin (SW Spain). The models were populated by gauging (observing) short runoff series and from long and short hydrological runoff series obtained from the Témez rainfall–runoff model (T-RRM). To enrich the data, all series were synthetically replicated using an ARMA model. Regarding the results, on the one hand differences in the dependence intensities between the long and short series were displayed in the dependence mitigation graphs (DMGs), which were attributable to the insufficient amount of data available from the hydrological records and to climate change processes. The similarities in the temporal dependence propagation (basin memory) and in the symmetry of DMGs validate the reliability of the hybrid methodology, as well as the results generated in this study. Consequently, water planning and management can be substantially improved with this approach.
Nucleation Effects on Tip-Gap Cavitation

Cavitation in tip leakage flows have been investigated in a water tunnel for different concentrations of free-stream cavitation nuclei. High-resolution still photography exhibits similar cavitation topology overall. However, hydro-acoustic measurements reveal stark differences in the desinent extinction of cavitation when different levels of active nuclei are present. Results quantify the anticipated challenges in designing enclosed propulsors and turbo-machinery that operate in flows with varying susceptibility to cavitation.
Natural history of model organisms: The secret (group) life of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and why it matters to developmental ecology

Abstract Model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster have been key tools for advancing our fundamental and applied knowledge in biological and biomedical sciences. However, model organisms have become intertwined with the idea of controlled and stable laboratory environments, and their natural history has been overlooked. In holometabolous insects, lack of natural history information on larval ecology has precluded major advances in the field of developmental ecology, especially in terms of manipulations of population density early in life (i.e., larval density). This is because of relativistic and to some extent, arbitrary methodologies employed to manipulate larval densities in laboratory studies. As a result, these methodologies render comparisons between species impossible, precluding our understanding of macroevolutionary responses to population densities during development that can be derived from comparative studies. We recently proposed a new conceptual framework to address this issue, and here, we provide the first natural history investigation of Drosophila melanogaster larval density under such framework. First, we characterized the distribution of larval densities in a wild population of D. melanogaster using rotting apples as breeding substrate in a suburban area in Sweden. Next, we compiled the commonly used methodologies for manipulating larval densities in laboratory studies from the literature and found that the majority of laboratory studies identified did not manipulate larval densities below or above the densities observed in nature, suggesting that we have yet to study true life history and physiological responses to low and high population densities during D. melanogaster development. This is, to our knowledge, the first direct natural history account of larval density in nature for this model organism. Our study paves the way for a more integrated view of organismal biology which re‐incorporates natural history of model organisms into hypothesis‐driven research in developmental ecology.
Factors influencing jumantik performance in dengue infection prevention at South Denpasar, Bali

The study purpose was to find out factors influence the performance of Jumantik in Puskesmas II South Denpasar. This is cross sectional study with the total samples of 32 Jumantik in Puskesmas II South Denpasar. The obtained data analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression test. Based on bivariate analysis, there were no significant correlations between characteristic (age, gender, education, tenure, and additional work) and Jumantik's attitudes with the occurrence of DHF indicated by p> 0.05. However, there were significant correlations between Jumantik's capability (p=0.02), Jumantik's motivation (p=0.014), award given (p=0.008) and monitoring/evaluation (p=0.001) with dengue occurrence (p <0. 05). Variables influenced the occurrence of DHF were Jumantik’s capability (p=0.014) and monitoring/ evaluation (p=0.011). Multivariate analysis result there was significant correlation between the monitoring/ evaluation variables with DHF occurrence, with OR 20.40 which means that if there were no monitoring and evaluation to Jumantik then the risk of DHF occurrence were 20.4 times greater than that in the presence of monitoring/evaluation. The study showed that the most influential factors of DHF occurrence are the ability of Jumantik and monitoring the evaluation of Jumantik. Keyword : Influencing, Prevention.
A Survey on Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon of Almond-Shell

Abstract. Chromium VI is one of the heavy metals and polluting water resources that are making in many industries wastewater such as electroplating, the tanning, dyeing and textile manufacturing, mining and fertilizer industries. Observing the toxic and hazardous properties of the metal, its removal by an effective and environmentally friendly method, is essential [1]. Activated carbon with nano pores is a green technology for separation of poisonous material in environment [2]. The aim of this research is to determine the level of cadmium absorption by activated carbon of almond-shell in concentration of “20 ”, “50” and “100” per part million (ppm) and different insolubility times from “15 to 120” min. Experiments for determining isotherms were assigned discontinuous in different concentrations and different amounts of biological activated carbon (from “0.1 gr to 0.3” gr) and the Chromium with desired PH. Measurement of cadmium performed by atomic absorption device and based on the standards. Observing the research results and the PH regulated on “6”, increase in primary concentration of Chromium resulted in increasing of absorption level and also by elapsing the time, absorption level was raised and the maximum absorption on “69/7 %” was happened in time range of “120” min. The results indicate that bio absorber containing sodium alginate containing activated carbon prepared from almond shell is new adsorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous environments.
Random Sequential Addition of Hard Spheres to a Volume

The configurations produced by placing spheres one at a time in a volume, subject to no overlap of the spheres but otherwise placing each at a point chosen at random, differ in a fundamental way from the configurations characteristic of a hard‐sphere system of the same density which is in thermodynamic equilibrium. The difference is illustrated in four examples. The density at which the system becomes jammed is found in each case. The distribution of gaps produced by the random sequential placement of spheres on an infinite line is found for all densities up to that of jamming.
The isolation of exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria from lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) sap

Background and Objectives: Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) is widely grown in Indonesia and one of its products is palm sap. Palm sap contains a high level of sugar, making it suitable as a medium to increase the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). This study aimed to isolate the EPS-producing LAB from palm sap and evaluate its EPS production. LAB isolation was carried out on MRS agar containing 0.5% CaCO3. Materials and Methods: The screening and production of EPS were carried out on MRS media supplemented with 10% sucrose. The molecular identification of the selected EPS-producing LAB was based on 16S rDNA. A quantitative analysis of EPS polymer dry mass and total sugar was conducted using one-way ANOVA. Results: In this study, five EPS-producing LABs were found: Fructobacillus fructosus N4, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N5, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N9, and Fructobacillus fructosus N10. The highest EPS yield in liquid media was 10.997 ± 1.591 g/L by Leuconostoc mesenteroides N7, whereas the lowest was 4.505 ± 0.459 g/L by Fructobacillus fructosus N10. Conclusion: This study found Fructobacillus fructosus strains as EPS producers that have never been reported before.
Micro-Structures Produced by Crystal Growth from Located Nuclei and Their Transfer Aiming at Functional Surfaces

Hydrothermal processes can produce regular micro-/nano-structures easily; but their placement or position is difficult to control, and the obtainable structures tend to be random. For controlling the crystal growth, two types of definite and regular structures were obtained. The first ones were ZnO urchin-like structures synthesized from located ZnO particles as the nuclei. These structures were found to work as gas sensors utilizing a wide surface area. The second one was a vertically aligned TiO2 nanorod array synthesized on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate that has a similar lattice constant to rutile TiO2. Super-hydrophobicity after ultraviolet irradiation was then examined. Finally, the synthesized TiO2 array was peeled off and transferred onto a resin sheet. We determined that the substrate could be subjected to repeated hydrothermal synthesis, thereby demonstrating the reusability of the substrate. These results demonstrate the applicability of these processes for industrial applications.