Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the appropriate sample size for nonparametric tests for location shift

For the case in which two independent samples arc to be compared using a nonparametric test for location shift, we propose a bootstrap technique for estimating the sample sizes required to achieve a specified power. The estimator (called BOOT) uses information from a small pilot experiment. For the special case of the Wilcoxon test, a simulation study is conducted to compare BOOT to two other sample-size estimators. One method (called ANPV) is based on the assumption that the underlying distribution is normal with a variance estimated from the pilot data. The other method (called NOETHER) adapts the sample size formula of Noether for use with a location-shift alternative. The BOOT and NOETHER sample-size estimators are particularly appropriate for this nonparametric setting because they do not require assumptions about the shape of the underlying continuous probability distribution. The simulation study shows that (a) sample size estimates can have large uncertainty, (b) BOOT is at least as accurate as an.
Cytotoxic Effects of Al-Yohedia Municipal Waste Water

Household waste water represent an hazardous reservoir for wide range of medically important pathogens than can push an alarm on public health threatening diseases. It contain toxic materials, hazardous heavy metals and different pathogens. The study includes investigation of microbial, environmental, pathological and molecular effects of waste water. The results of dissolved heavy metals concentration revealed high Ni concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 119.675±0.778 mg/L), high Mn concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 108.2±1.095 mg/L), high Fe concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 119.675±0.740.475±1.228 mg/L), high Cd concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 13.75±1mg/L), high Cu concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 5±0.755mg/L) with no significant differences in concentration among four sites for Ni and Cu while difference noted among Mn, Fe and Cd. Results of microbial study revealed that the Mean±SD of CFU/ml were 1.97x10 10 ±0.543 and the microbes were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata with MAR index ranged from (0-1). DNA damage results using comet assay for revealed that high level of damage to DNA of rat dosed with waste water compared with those dosed with fresh water in both tail length (11.35±2.1, 2.7±0.9) and tail moment (1.193±0.11, 0.2±0.1) respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect of 8-OHDG among liver tissues of rat dosed with waste water (study) and fresh water (control) and the results revealed strong signal (high expression) in all liver tissues of rat dosed with waste water (study) compared with those dosed with fresh water (control) whose gave negative results. Histopathological results of eat dosed with waste water compared with those dosed with fresh water (control) were observed after 60 days of dosing. the results displayed that the control was normal where mild chronic hepatitis showed in samples of site 1, 2, 3 while site4 had moderate chronic hepatitis and Fasciola hepatica. The current study conclude that, Al-Yohedia Municipal wastewater is very dangerous and have different clinically important pathogens along with different cytotoxic materials.
Automation of the LANL ARIES lathe glovebox

This paper presents the design of an automation system required for material handling within a glovebox. The Advanced Recovery and Integration Extraction System (ARIES) located at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) enables workers to dismantle nuclear weapons, separating the plutonium from other weapon components. The ARIES line consists of several gloveboxes that allow the 'pit' or trigger of a nuclear weapon to be dismantled and the plutonium stored in a safe form. The Lathe glovebox is the first step in the ARIES line and is used to cut the pit open to be dismantled. There are several methods for doing this, however there are advantages to using the lathe over other methods for this process. In general, this system will give the ARIES line the capability to handle a wider range of pit types. The system consists of a lathe, a 4 Degree of Freedom (DOF) robot, a glovebox that houses them, and a universal controller that resides outside the glovebox and controls all equipment. This paper will present the design and possible implementation of this lathe automation system. It will cover the system requirements, the mechanical hardware used within the glovebox, the control system and software, and operationmore » procedures for various tasks. « less
Extraction of Essential Oils from Melaleuca alternifolia sp. (Australian Tea Tree Plant) using Solvent Extraction Method

In this report, the Melaleuca alternifolia genus, commonly known as the Australian tea tree plant were chosen for essential oil extraction study, as the oil being extracted from this plant possess natural therapeutic medicinal values which serves as an anti-fungal, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory agent to fight against various infections and illnesses. The major component in the tea tree oil (TTO) that largely contributes to its medicinal function is based on terpinen-4-ol components, which constitutes about 40.02% from the overall composition of the TTO. Other components, such as 1,8-cineole, also reveals antimicrobial properties, similar to those of the terpinen-4-ol components. In this research, the extraction of the tea tree oil, via solvent extraction method, is studied and the percentage yield of tea tree oil extracted is determined and the composition of tea tree absolutes (terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene and α-terpineol) extracted was compared with standard tea tree oil as well as with ISO 4730 Melaleuca oil standard via GC-MS technique. A feasibility study was also conducted to compare the choices and favourability of different types of solvents (n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol and methanol) being studied in the solvent extraction method to identify the desired selectivity of solvents resulting in higher percentage yield of the tea tree oil, without any deterioration in the extracted oil quality. The selectivity of petroleum ether as compared to n-hexane, ethanol and methanol, was much higher, as the yield of tea tree absolute was profoundly higher (1.06 % on a wet basis) as compared to the rest of the solvents. The composition of terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole and α-terpineol found in the tea tree extract based from the studied solvents were in the range of 17.22-39.34%, 0.83-1.46% and 2.17-3.70%, however the γ-terpinene compound were significantly low (1.07-3.28%) as compared to its composition in the standard tea tree oil (20.47%).
Using Mesh Cutting in an Interactive PodiatricOrthopaedic Surgery Simulator

Serious games are an established pedagogical tool, with applications in a wide variety of fields. Although this includes the area of medical training, there is currently no podiatric orthopaedic training simulator. We attempt to overcome one of the obstacles to the creation of this kind of simulator, namely how to simulate podiatric bone surgery. In order to simulate this surgery appropriately, it is necessary to be able to cut through a virtual representation of a patient's foot on-screen in realtime. We investigate several methods of cutting through simulated objects in general, and evaluate their usefulness in simulating real-time interactive bone surgery. We determine that none of these conventional methods are fully suitable and instead propose, develop and test a method using planar slicing of polyhedral mesh geometry. In addition, we describe and test some optimizations to vertex and index buffer representations of polyhedral meshes. These optimizations alleviate a performance bottleneck constraining the speed at which progressive mesh modifications can be made, facilitating the near-real-time modi�cation rate required for simulating surgery. We also investigate the use of haptic feedback to simulate the feel of surgery, and employ two games technologies to increase the realism of the simulation: particle engines and stereoscopic 3D rendering.
Impact Condition of Safety Performance Evaluation for Longitudinal Barriers of SMART Highway

To minimze the degree of damage for the SMART highway's punctuality and safety after car-barrier collisions, the impact condition for longitudinal barriers of SMART highway was determined to be quite larger than the existing maximum impact condition. The impact condition consists of impact vehicles, impact velocities, and impact angles. To consider the occupant safety of passenger cars as much as possible, a small car with high risk during impact was selected as the impact vehicle for the evaluation of occupant risk. The impact velocity was determined to be 20% larger than the existing maximum impact velocity in order to include accident impact velocities as much as possible. The impact angle was determined to include most of expected accident impact angles. Computer simulations using various impact conditions were conducted for the existing domestic highest-performance medium and roadside barrier. How the suggested impact condition has an effect on the occupant safety was investigated. The existing domestic highest-performance medium and roadside barriers could not satisfy the suggested impact condition. New high-performance longitudinal barriers are required to minimize the degree of damage for the SMART highway's punctuality and safety after car-barrier collisions.
SAP Scm: Applications and Modeling for Supply Chain Management (with Bw Primer)

SAP SCM: Applications and Modeling for Supply Chain Management empowers you to capitalize on the sophistication of SAP APO. This book provides clear advice on the inevitable, critical decisions that can lead to project success or failure and shows you, wherever you are on the supply chain management staff-buyer, planner, ground controller or analyst-to fully exploit the agility SAP APO offers.
LTE for UMTS - OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access

From the editors of the highly successful WCDMA for UMTS, this new book gives a complete and up-to-date overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE) in a systematic and clear manner. It starts with an in-depth explanation of the background and standardization process before moving on to examine the system architecture evolution (SAE). The basics of air interface modulation choices are introduced and key subjects such as 3GPP LTE physical layer and protocol solutions are described. Mobility aspects and radio resource management together with radio and end-to-end performance are assessed. The voice solution and voice capacity in LTE are also illustrated. Finally, the main differences between LTE TDD and FDD modes are examined and HSPA evolution in 3GPP Releases 7 and 8 is described. LTE for UMTS is one of the first books to provide a comprehensive guide to the standards and technologies of LTE. Key features of the book include: Covers all the key aspects of LTE in a systematic manner Presents full description of 3GPP Release 8 LTE Examines the expected performance of LTE Written by experts actively involved in the 3GPP standards and product development.
The Shuttle tile story

The structural problems associated with the reusable thermal protection system (TPS) of the Space Shuttle Orbiter are assessed. The ceramic insulation was placed on the aluminum in the form of about 30,000 tiles over approximately 70% of the Orbiter's exterior. The tiles were bonded to felt pads, and then the tile-pad structure was attached to the aluminum skin. As Orbiter design progressed, it was discovered that the TPS would have to withstand loads greater than initially predicted. The group tensile strength was less than that of the individual components. This was the primary factor contributing to the delay of the first flight. Values are given for Orbiter isotherms during a normal flight as well as the corresponding TPS distribution. The complete TPS assemblage is shown schematically, noting the sequence of assembling the tile components into a testing specimen. It is noted that tensile loads are applied to the strain-isolation path at discrete regions along transverse fiber bundles, causing a 50% reduction in system tensile strength. Procedures for strengthening the interface between the insulation and strain-isolation path are discussed and flight-simulation tests are outlined.
TIME SERIES FORECASTING WITH MULTIPLE CANDIDATE MODELS: SELECTING OR COMBINING?

Various mathematical models have been commonly used in time series analysis and forecasting. In these processes, academic researchers and business practitioners often come up against two important problems. One is whether to select an appropriate modeling approach for prediction purposes or to combine these dieren t individual approaches into a single forecast for the dieren t/dissimilar modeling approaches. Another is whether to select the best candidate model for forecasting or to mix the various candidate models with dieren t parameters into a new forecast for the same/similar modeling approaches. In this study, we propose a set of computational procedures to solve the above two issues via two judgmental criteria. Meanwhile, in view of the problems presented in the literature, a novel modeling technique is also proposed to overcome the drawbacks of existing combined forecasting methods. To verify the eciency and reliability of the proposed procedure and modeling technique, the simulations and real data examples are conducted in this study. The results obtained reveal that the proposed procedure and modeling technique can be used as a feasible solution for time series forecasting with multiple candidate models.
Row Crop's Identication Through Hough Transform using Images Segmented by Robust Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means

The Hough transform (HT) is a widely used method for line detection and recognition, due to its robustness. But its performance is strongly dependent on the applied segmentation technique. On the other hand, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) has been widely used in image segmentation because it has a good performance in a large class of images. However, it is not good for noisy images, so that to overcome this weakness several modications to FCM have been proposed, like Robust Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (RFPCM). In this paper, we propose to use the RFPCM algorithm for the segmentation of crops images in order to apply the HT to detect lines in row crops for navigation purposes. The proposed method gives better results compared with techniques based on visible spectral-index or Specic threshold-based approaches.
Blast Effects from Cylindrical Explosive Charges: Experimental Measurements

Abstract : This report presents results of an experimental study of free-air blast wave properties for end-initiated cylindrical explosive charges. The study was motivated by the need for data on positive impulse form cylindrical charges, as a function of charge length/diameter (L/D) ratio, distance, and angle from the charge axis. Cast cylindrical charges of Pentolite were used, with L/D ratios of 1/4, 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1, and 6/1. In all, 64 charges were fired: 54 8-pound cylinders, 4 16-pound cylinders, and 6 7/8-pound spheres (used for internal calibration purposes). For each shot, blast parameters were measured at two angles, 90-degrees apart, using six pressure gauges at each angle. Gauge arrays extended from 7 feet to 31 feet from the charge, covering a nominal pressure range of 100 psi down to 3 psi. Pressure-time plots from all guages on all shots are presented, together with measured values of peak pressure, positive impulse, positive duration, and time of arrival. Graphs of the variation of peak pressure and impulse with L/D ratio and angle are presented together with a comparison with spherical charge data. Substantial differences between blast waves from cylindrical and spherical charges are observed. Also presented are the results of scaling tests, an error analysis, and recommendations for further work. (Author)
Development and the Role of Tissue Culture in Plant Breeding: A review

In the globe, a rapidly growing population is increasing food demand whilst resources such as good quality land, water and soil are becoming scarcer. Crop production is negatively impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. As fertilizers such as phosphorous and nitrogen become increasingly scarce and expensive, developing plant varieties that can withstand climate variability, lower rainfalls, warmer temperatures, fewer inputs and pest and disease outbreaks is increasingly vital. Plants that use resources more efficiently or require fewer resources altogether improve the sustainability of agricultural as well as urban and forest ecosystems. Discovering the underlying genes affecting important traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance, and climate adaptability is of paramount importance to increase the agricultural productivity and to feed the world’s growing population it is needed to mitigate production and productivity limiting biotic and abiotic stress.
Exploring governance issues on collaborative contracts in the construction industry

This paper reports the findings of an in-depth literature review, which was designed as the first phase of a study that ultimately aims to rank the importance of key governance mechanisms on collaborative construction projects, in terms of impact on value-for-money. The absence of such information in the global knowledge base has prompted the current study. Seminal research completed recently concluded that deductive evidence with regard to the performance outcomes of collaborative procurement mechanisms is currently limited (Eriksson and Westerberg 2011). The authors aim to address this gap in current understanding. The literature review identifies key features of both formal and informal mechanisms which have been applied within collaborative contracting contexts. The literature review lays a solid foundation for designing a deductive research strategy to be implemented in the second phase of the study, which will employ a large-scale quantitative survey to shed light on the governance structures of collaborative contracts, and the ways in which they impact on realisation of VfM during project delivery in the Australian infrastructure industry. The current paper aims to identify the main categories of formal and informal governance mechanisms currently being employed globally. This will provide structure for the development of the survey in the second phase of the study.
Theoretical investigation on electrophilicity indexes and proton affinities of some boron-nitrogen open-chain species

Some neutral boron-nitrogen open-chain compounds were optimized at Hartree-Fock (HF) methods with cc-pvdz basis set in gas phase. Atomic charges were determined by the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. HOMO composition was calculated from the atomic orbital coefficients. The compounds were protonated from the atom supplying the highest contribution to HOMO and deprotonated from the most positive charged atom. Electrophilicity indexes of all the species were determined from the optimized structures. A parabolic curve was obtained from the graph of nucleophilicity parameters against electrophilicity indexes of all the chemical species. Electrophilicity indexes of the cationic species were found to be higher than the neutral and anionic species. Electrophilicity indexes increased with increasing of boron/nitrogen ratio for the neutral and cationic species and decreased with increasing of boron/nitrogen ratio for the anionic species. Proton affinities of the neutral and anionic species were calculated to determine their basicities. Proton affinities of the neutral species increased with decreasing of electrophilicity and boron/nitrogen ratio. Whereas proton affinities of the anionic species increased with increasing of electrophilicity.
Aeroacoustic Investigation of a High-Lift Device by Means ofSynchronized PIV and Microphone Measurements

In the present paper the causality correlation technique is applied for the experimental detection of noise sources at the leading edge slat in a high-lift device configuration. Velocity measurements in the vicinity of the slat using PIV as well as pressure measurements at the surface of the leading edge of the main-wing are conducted. Synchronously microphone measurements in the far-field of the wing's suction and pressure side are performed. By calculating the cross-correlation between the obtained near- and far-field quantities, regularities in the near-field related to the radiated sound-field are identified. Results for different angles of attack are compared and analyzed.
Classroom Assessment in U.S. High School Band Programs: Methods, Purposes, and Influences

Title of Dissertation: CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT IN U.S. HIGH SCHOOL BAND PROGRAMS: METHODS, PURPOSES, AND INFLUENCES Phillip Matthew Kancianic, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation Directed by: Assistant Professor Michael P. Hewitt School of Music Professor Marie F. McCarthy School of Music The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among characteristics of high school band directors and their school settings, purposes and uses of classroom assessment methods, and factors that influence the use of classroom assessment. MENC: The National Association for Music Education provided a membership list from which 2,000 U.S. high school band directors were selected by simple random sampling. Participants received a postcard via mail inviting them to complete an online survey. Non-respondents received a second postcard two weeks later and a paper version of the survey four weeks later. The independent variables included 11 personal and 11 school characteristics. The dependent variables included 23 assessment methods, 19 purposes of assessment, and 23 factors that influence the use of classroom assessment. The overall survey return rate was 39.75% (N = 795); the usable response was 31.7% (N = 634). Descriptive statistics illustrated the respondents’ use of classroom assessment methods, the level of importance they attributed to purposes of assessment, and the level of influence they attributed to factors that affect assessment. Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple analyses of variance were performed on the data to test 22 null hypotheses. Excepting the MANOVAs (α = .05), the experimentwise alpha was set at . 01 to reduce the risk of Type I error. Classroom assessments focused primarily on the evaluation of student performance skills. Lack of time was viewed as a major impediment to assessment. Teachers were more influenced by internal factors (e.g., philosophy of education and class goals) than by external factors (e.g., school requirements and local, state, or national standards). Music colleagues were influential among less-experienced teachers and those who had district-wide assessment training. Three prevalent issues emerged from the results: teacher autonomy, the role of assessment training, and teacher workload. Recommendations included investigating the relationship between teacher autonomy and classroom assessment, examining and improving current assessment training for pre-service and in-service teachers, and developing efficient assessment strategies that have a minimal impact on teacher workload. It was also recommended that the many non-statistically significant findings be examined by future researchers. CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT IN U.S. HIGH SCHOOL BAND PROGRAMS: METHODS, PURPOSES, AND INFLUENCES
The Origin of Ideas: Blending, Creativity, and the Human Spark

1. Where Do Ideas Come From? 2. Who Are You? 3. Who Am I? 4. Forbidden Fruit 5. The Artful Mind 6. The Sweep of Thought 7. Eeny, Meeny, Miny, Moe 8. Round and Round and Round We Go 9. Final Questions References Index