Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in understanding the mechanisms of retinal degenerations

Photoreceptor death is an important contributor to irreversible vision loss worldwide. In this review, I outline our work examining the role that purines, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), have in normal retinal function and in retinal disease. Our work shows that the actions of ATP, mediated by P2X receptors, are expressed in various retinal layers including photoreceptor terminals, and when stimulated by excessive levels of ATP is associated with rapid death of neurons. Treatment with a compound that blocks the action of P2X and some P2Y receptors reduces photoreceptor death in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. Our observations not only provide a means for developing a potential treatment for reducing photoreceptor death, but also provides a novel way of studying the neural plasticity effects that develop in the inner retina following photoreceptor death. There are a range of inner retinal changes that could influence the effectiveness of retinal prostheses. Indeed, using an ATP‐induced degeneration model, we established that the amount of electrical stimulation required to elicit a response in the visual cortex was affected by the level of glial scarring. However, changes in P2X7 receptor expression by OFF ganglion cells during retinal degeneration can also be exploited by photoswitches to restore light sensitivity to degenerated retinae. Finally, our work has also considered how P2X7 expression by innate immune cells, and its role as a scavenger receptor, contributes to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Our results show that loss of P2X7 function is associated with thickening of Bruch's membrane as well as increased risk of advanced disease in people with AMD. Overall, our work over the last 20 years highlights the importance of purinergic signalling in normal retinal function and retinal disease and suggest that developing therapies that target P2X7 function could be of benefit for these diseases.
Children With ADHD Are at Risk for a Broad Array of Adverse Adult Outcomes That Cross Functional Domains: Results From a Population-Based Birth Cohort Study

Objective: To identify patterns (“classes”) of outcomes for adults with and without childhood ADHD. Method: Subjects were 232 childhood ADHD cases and 335 non-ADHD referents from a 1976 to 1982 birth cohort. We used latent class analyses to identify classes based on a broad array of adult psychosocial outcomes and determined the proportion of subjects with childhood ADHD within each class. Results: A three class solution provided optimal model fit; classes were termed “good,” “intermediate,” and “poor” functioning. Subjects with childhood ADHD comprised 62.8% of the “poor,” 53.5% of the “intermediate,” and 24.9% of the “good” functioning class. The “poor” functioning class was distinguished by increased likelihood of legal trouble and substance use disorders and included more individuals with childhood ADHD and psychiatric disorder than the “intermediate” class (45.5% vs. 30.6%). Conclusion: Children with ADHD are at risk for adverse adult outcomes in multiple domains and co-morbid childhood psychiatric disorders increase risk.
Leading the Way? State Employers’ Engagement with a Disability Employment Policy

In the literature on labor market integration, there is growing recognition of the importance of employers. This article aims to contribute to this stream of research by investigating state employers’ engagement with a soft employment quota launched alongside a wider initiative in Norway, named the Inclusion Dugnad. An initial document analysis showed that only 3.1% of state employers fulfill the quota at the early stage. Analysis of 10 state employer interviews revealed that they appeared to be mostly passive and, to some degree, dismissive of the Inclusion Dugnad. They relied on passive measures where disabled job seekers are expected to actively seek out the employer and not the other way around. The main obstacles to achieving employer engagement seemed to be the apparent lack of disabled applicants and the reported conflict between the goals of the Inclusion Dugnad and the cost-cutting and productivity standards governing the state employer sector.
Metabolic control of cell adhesion and migration through beta1A integrin acetylation : be aware of the acetylation switch!

Alpha5beta1A integrins form two types of cell-matrix adhesions with differential functions: short, peripherally located focal adhesions (FAs) that provide strong anchorage to the substrate and intracellular signalling; and long, centrally located fibrillar adhesions (FBs) that enable the formation of fibronectin (FN) fibrils in the pericellular space. Despite the critical role of alpha5beta1A integrins for FN deposition during fibrosis, the integrins' relevant signalling is not well understood. Interestingly, beta1A integrin bears a lysine acetylation site located within integrin's kindlin recognition sequence in the cytoplasmic tail. Genetic deletion of kindlin has been demonstrated to handicap cell spreading and the formation of thin, centrally located FBs. These facts suggest a functional link between integrin acetylation, kindlin binding affinities, FB formation and FN fibrillogenesis capacities. Therefore, we hypothesized that acetylation of beta1A integrin might function as regulatory switch which defines for each beta1A integrin its FA or FB character.
Physiological and ultrastructural aspects of adventitious abscission in internodal explants of Impatiens sultani, Ipomoea batatas and Begonia corallina

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Performance of four creatinine-based equations in assessing glomerular filtration rate in adults with diabetes.

AIMS To evaluate diagnostic performance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), full age spectrum (FAS), and revised Lund-Malmo (r-LM) equations in adults with diabetes. METHODS Individuals were included in this cross-sectional study if they had at least one measurement of technetium-99m diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid ( 99mTc-DTPA) GFR (mGFR) and serum creatinine (1487 patients with 2703 measures). GFR calculated by estimation equations was compared with mGFR. Diagnostic performance was assessed using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), bias, precision, accuracy, reduced major axis regression (RMAR), and Bland-Altman plot. Analysis was repeated in subgroups based on sex, diabetes type, HbA1c, and GFR level. RESULTS Of all patients, 1189 (86%) had type2 diabetes. Mean mGFR, MDRD, CKD-EPI, FAS and revised Lund-Malmo eGFR were 66, 72, 74, 71, and 67 ml/min/1.73m 2, respectively. Overall, the r-LM had the highest CCC (=0.83), lowest bias (-1.4ml/min/1.73m 2), highest precision (16.2 ml/min/1.73m 2), and highest accuracy (P10=39%). The RMAR (slope, intercept) in r-LM, FAS, MDRD and CKD-EPI was 1.18, -13.35; 0.97, -2.9; 1, -6.4, and 1.04, -11.3, respectively. The Bland-Altman plot showed that r-LM had the lowest mean difference and the narrowest 95% limit of agreement (-1.0, 54.1 ml/min/1.73m 2), while mean difference was more than 5-folds higher in FAS, MDRD, and CKD-EPI (-5.2, -6.3, and -8.2, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In adults with diabetes the revised Lund-Malmo performs better than MDRD, CKD-EPI and FAS in calculating point estimates of GFR.
Spatial patterns of genetic diversity among Australian alpine flora communities revealed by comparative phylogenomics

The alpine region of mainland Australia is one of the world's 187 biodiversity hotspots. Genetic analyses of Australian alpine fauna indicate high levels of endemism on fine spatial scales, unlike Northern Hemisphere alpine systems where shallow genetic differentiation is typically observed among populations. These discrepancies have been attributed to differences in elevation and influence from glacial activity, and point to a unique phylogeographic history affecting Australian alpine biodiversity. To test generality of these findings across Australian alpine biota, we assessed patterns of genetic structure across plant species.
Induction of Core Circadian Clock Transcription Factor Bmal1 Enhances β Cell Function and Protects Against Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by β cell dysfunction due to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Studies show that β cell circadian clocks are important regulators of GSIS and glucose homeostasis. These observations raise the question whether enhancement of the circadian clock in β cells will confer protection against β cell dysfunction under diabetogenic conditions. To test this we employed an approach by first generating mice with β cell-specific inducible overexpression of Bmal1 (core circadian transcription factor; β-Bmal1 OV ). We subsequently examined the effects of β-Bmal1 OV on the circadian clock, GSIS, islet transcriptome, and glucose metabolism in context of diet-induced obesity. We additionally tested the effects of circadian clock-enhancing small molecule Nobiletin on GSIS in mouse and human control and T2DM islets. We report that β-Bmal1 OV mice display enhanced islet circadian clock amplitude, augmented in vivo and in vitro GSIS and are protected against obesity-induced glucose intolerance. These effects were associated with increased expression of purported BMAL1-target genes mediating insulin secretion, processing, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, exposure of isolated islets to Nobiletin enhanced β cell secretory function in Bmal1-dependent manner. This work suggests therapeutic targeting of the circadian system as a potential strategy to counteract β cell failure under diabetogenic conditions.
Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Treatment for Fibromyalgia Based on Pain Neuroscience Education, Exercise Therapy, Psychological Support, and Nature Exposure (NAT-FM): A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

A recent study (FIBROWALK) has supported the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment based on pain neuroscience education (PNE), exercise therapy (TE), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and mindfulness in patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of the present RCT was: (a) to analyze the effectiveness of a 12-week multicomponent treatment (nature activity therapy for fibromyalgia, NAT-FM) based on the same therapeutic components described above plus nature exposure to maximize improvements in functional impairment (primary outcome), as well as pain, fatigue, anxiety-depression, physical functioning, positive and negative affect, self-esteem, and perceived stress (secondary outcomes), and kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing thoughts, personal perceived competence, and cognitive emotion regulation (process variables) compared with treatment as usual (TAU); (b) to preliminarily assess the effects of the nature-based activities included (yoga, Nordic walking, nature photography, and Shinrin Yoku); and (c) to examine whether the positive effects of TAU + NAT-FM on primary and secondary outcomes at post-treatment were mediated through baseline to six-week changes in process variables. A total of 169 FM patients were randomized into two study arms: TAU + NAT-FM vs. TAU alone. Data were collected at baseline, at six-week of treatment, at post-treatment, and throughout treatment by ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Using an intention to treat (ITT) approach, linear mixed-effects models and mediational models through path analyses were computed. Overall, TAU + NAT-FM was significantly more effective than TAU at posttreatment for the primary and secondary outcomes evaluated, as well as for the process variables. Moderate-to-large effect sizes were achieved at six-weeks for functional impairment, anxiety, kinesiophobia, perceived competence, and positive reappraisal. The number needed to treat (NNT) was 3 (95%CI = 1.6–3.2). The nature activities yielded an improvement in affective valence, arousal, dominance, fatigue, pain, stress, and self-efficacy. Kinesiophobia and perceived competence were the mediators that could explain a significant part of the improvements obtained with TAU + NAT-FM treatment. TAU + NAT-FM is an effective co-adjuvant multicomponent treatment for improving FM-related symptoms.
The determination of the perceived stress levels and health‐protective behaviors of nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Purpose The study was carried out to determine the perceived stress levels and health‐protective behaviors of nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design and Methods This study used a descriptive design. The sample consisted of a total of 372 students. Findings The examination of the protective measures adopted by the students against COVID‐19 indicated that the mean perceived stress subscale scores of the students who did not use a mask and disposable wipes when coughing/sneezing were statistically significantly higher (p < .005). Practice Implications The stress levels of students should be determined at certain intervals, and interventional studies on coping methods that will reduce stress levels should be planned.
Unmet Healthcare Needs, Catastrophic Health Expenditure, and Health in South Korea’s Universal Healthcare System: Progression Towards Improving Equity by NHI Type and Income Level

This study examined the effects of healthcare inequality on personal health. It aimed to determine how health insurance type and income level influence catastrophic health expenditure and unmet healthcare needs among South Koreans. Unbalanced Korean Health Panel data from 2011 to 2015, including 33,374 adults, were used. A time-trend and panel regression analysis were performed. The first to identify changes in the main variables and, the second, mediating effects of unmet healthcare needs and catastrophic health expenditure on the relationship between health insurance type, income level, and health status. The independent variables were: high-, middle-, low-income employee insured, high-, middle-, low-income self-employed insured, and medical aid. The dependent variable was health status, and the mediators were unmet needs and catastrophic health expenditure. The medical aid beneficiaries and low-income self-employed insured groups demonstrated a higher probability of reporting poor health status than the high-income, insured group (15.6%, 2.2%, and 2.3%, respectively). Participants who experienced unmet healthcare needs or catastrophic health expenditure were 10.7% and 5.6% higher probability of reporting poor health, respectively (Sobel test: p < 0.001). National policy reforms could improve healthcare equality by integrating insurance premiums based on income among private-sector employees and self-employed individuals within the health insurance network.
A Cytoplasmic Receptor-like Kinase Contributes to Salinity Tolerance

Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are receptor kinases that lack extracellular ligand-binding domains and have emerged as a major class of signaling proteins that regulate plant cellular activities in response to biotic/abiotic stresses and endogenous extracellular signaling molecules. We have identified a rice RLCK (OsRLCK311) that was significantly higher in transgenic pSARK-IPT rice (Oryza sativa) that exhibited enhanced growth under saline conditions. Overexpression of OsRLCK311 full-length protein (RLCK311FL) and the C-terminus of OsRLCK311 (ΔN) in Arabidopsis confirmed its role in salinity tolerance, both in seedlings and mature plants. Protein interaction assays indicated that OsRLCK311 and ΔN interacted in-vivo with the plasma membrane AQP AtPIP2;1. The RLCK311-PIP2;1 binding led to alterations in the stomata response to ABA, which was characterized by more open stomata of transgenic plants. Moreover, OsRLCK311-ΔN effect in mediating enhanced plant growth under saline conditions was also observed in the perennial grass Brachypodium sylvaticum, confirming its role in both dicots and monocots species. Lastly, OsRLCK311 interacted with the rice OsPIP2;1. We suggest that the rice OsRLCK311 play a role in regulating the plant growth response under saline conditions via the regulation of the stomata response to stress. This role seems to be independent of the RLCK311 kinase activity, since the overexpression of the RLCK311 C-terminus (ΔN), which lacks the kinase full domain, has a similar phenotype to RLCK311FL.
Tensor vastus intermedius: a review of its discovery, morphology and clinical importance.

BACKGROUND This review aims to summarise the relevant literature surrounding the tensor vastus intermedius, a newly discovered muscle, and to discuss its morphology and potential clinical importance. No such review currently exists in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding the tensor vastus intermedius was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2020. Principles of Evidence-Based Anatomy and the Anatomical Quality Assessment Tool were employed to ensure a high-level review. All relevant papers were included and citation tracking was performed to uncover further publications. RESULTS The tensor vastus intermedius is found in the anterior compartment of the thigh and has a similar morphology to the other vasti muscles. It has four main variations and a consistent neurovascular supply. The muscle has been implicated in a number of case reports and surgical procedures, which are described in detail in this paper. CONCLUSIONS In the four years since the tensor vastus intermedius was formally described, a significant amount of work has been done to help us understand its structure and function. Further efforts are needed to gain a full picture as to its clinical importance. As such, it is recommended that this muscle should be acknowledged in anatomical education.
The Influence of Work Resources, Demands, and Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Citizenship Behaviors of Spanish Police Officers

The present study aims to analyze the influence of work demands and resources (support and control) on the attitudes and behaviors (satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors toward the organization, OCBO) of Spanish police officers, and to examine the potential mediating role of the flexibility-oriented organizational culture. Participants were 182 Spanish police officers. The analysis was carried out using the Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) program. Firstly, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were analyzed. Secondly, the structural model was evaluated. Overall, findings support the hypothesized model, except there was not a significant effect of demands and support on OCBO (Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organization-oriented). Results of the importance-performance map analysis also show that, in terms of predicted job satisfaction and organizational commitment, control and support are not so important, but both of them perform relatively well compared to the remaining constructs (demands and flexibility-oriented culture).
Irrigation, a Basic Technological Element, for Improving the Autumn Cabbage Yield in Crișurilor Plain, Western Romania

The researches were carried out at the Agricultural Research and Development Station, Cri? urilor Plain, Oradea, during 1990-2016. They have demonstrated that irrigation is needed every year due to the extension of the drought regions in Romania. Irrigation has become a basic element in the technology of the autumn cabbage crop due to the yearly pedological drought. For cabbage, the minimum watering depth is considered 0-50 cm, while an irrigation average rate of 2,410 m 3 /ha, with a variation range of 1,330-4,900 m 3 /ha had to be imposed in order to maintain the soil moisture content on the watering depth between the easily available water content and the field capacity. Irrigation improved the microclimate conditions and the ratio water/temperature + light (Domu? a climate index) increased. Daily water consumption increased as well. As a result, total water consumption increased by 70%, with a variation range of 19-872%. Irrigation determined an yield gain of 153%; water use efficiency (kg/m 3 ) increased by 60.0%; irrigation water use efficiency recorded an average value of 13.4 kg yield gain/m 3 , with variation range 6.7 kg yield gain/m 3 -24.2 kg yield gain/m 3 . The correlations quantified in the soil-water-plant system (number of days with pedological drought, yield, respectively yield gain; Domu? a climate index-yield; water consumption-yield) support irrigation for the autumn cabbage crop from Cri? urilor Plain.
Effect of supplementation with cracked wheat or high moisture corn on milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows

In Chile, high moisture corn (Zea mays L. [HMC]) has been included mainly in diets for grazing dairy cows on pastures with high crude protein, and is an alternative that improves nutrients supply and rumen synchrony between energy and protein provided by the diet. In addition, supplementation with HMC results in an increase of fatty acids (FA) in milk, desirable for human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance (HA) and type of supplement on milk FA composition in grazing dairy cows during spring. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (533 ± 71 kg BW; 53 ± 4 d in milk [DIM] and milk yield 23.8 ± 4.2 kg d-1) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments resulting from the combination of two HA levels (low 20 vs. moderate 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1) and two types of supplements HMC and cracked wheat [Triticum aestivum L. , CW]) offered at 3.5 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Total FA intake was greater for moderate HA (547.8 g d-1) than low HA (527.2 g d-1) (P < 0.05); but did not affect milk yield, milk constituents and milk FA composition (P > 0.05). Supplementation with HMC increased milk production by 2.3 kg d-1 compared with CW. Cows supplemented with HMC showed a greater intake of total FA (564 g d-1) and had greater concentrations of long-chain monounsaturated FA in milk (27.13 g 100 g-1) compared to cows supplemented with CW (511.0 g d-1 total FA intake and 25.39 g 100 g-1 in milk, respectively) (P < 0.05). It is concluded that grazing dairy cows supplemented with HMC during spring produced milk with higher concentrations of desirable FA, independently of the HA level.