Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thematic course: Structure and Mechanism of Monomolecular Decomposition of C-, N-, O-Nitrocompounds. Part IV. THE ROLE OF NITRO-NITRITE REARRANGEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM OF MONOMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION OF ALIPHATIC NITROCOMPOUNDS.

While studying nitro-nitrite rearrangement (NNR) of nitromethane and some halogennitromethanes by means of semiempirical (РМ3) and nonempirical (HF, B3LYP, QCISD, CASSCF) quantum-chemical levels with the use of bases 3-21G, 6-31G(d), 6-311++G(df,p) and various calculation levels (2´2, 4´4, 6´6, 8´8) for CASSCF the conclusion has been drawn that the rearrangement is not competitive mechanism of thermal decomposition for all given nitrocompounds, with the exception of fluoronitromethane, for which the energy of bond opening according to B3LYP/6-31G(d) is 15 kJ⋅mol -1
Physicochemical Characteristics of Date Powder Produced in a Pilot-Scale Spray Dryer

Date fruit is a good source of bioactive compounds and natural sugar. It has the potential to be utilized as a substitute for added sugar. Although several forms of dates—such as fresh dates, date paste, and date syrup—are available in the market and used for different applications, free-flow date powder would be highly beneficial in improving shelf-life, ease of handling, and blendability with various foods prepared domestically and in industry. The objective of this study was to produce date powder in a pilot-scale spray dryer and determine its physicochemical qualities. Date powder was produced at eight processing conditions (2 carrier agents (maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) × 2 inlet air temperature (150°C and 170°C) × 2 feedstock flow rates (25 ml/min and 40 ml/min)). To the carrier agent was added at 0.4 kg per 1.0 kg of date fruits (dry weight basis), and the feedstock to the spray dryer was prepared at 20% concentration. Date powder was obtained in all eight treatments. Color (L*a*b* values), moisture content, bulk density, wettability, solubility index, hygroscopicity, microstructure analysis (using scanning electron microscope (SEM)), and total phenolic compounds were determined for the spray-dried date powder. The physicochemical characteristics of date powder varied significantly with respect to the processing conditions. Although physical properties of date powder were significantly affected by the carrier agent, there was no difference in total phenolic compounds between date powders produced with MD and GA. An SEM study revealed that date powder produced with MD had smooth, regular-shaped spherical particles but with severe agglomeration. Date powder with GA had relatively smaller particles of irregular sphere with dented surfaces.
STRATEGI BELAJAR MENGAJAR DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENJASKES MATERI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MAKHLUK HIDUP PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 3 TANJUNG

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (a) Ingin mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya metode demonstrasi. (b) Ingin mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa setelah diterapkan metode demonstrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VII SMPN 3 Tanjung Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I pertemuan ke 1 sampai siklus II pertemuan ke 2 yaitu, siklus I pertemuan ke 1 (20,00%), Siklus I Pertemuan ke 2 (45,00%), siklus II pertemuan ke 1 (65,00%), dan siklus II pertemuan ke 2 (95,00%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran dengan metode demonstrasi dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi dan motivasi belajar Siswa VII SMPN 3 Tanjung tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam.Kata kunci: prestasi belajar, penjaskes, metode demonstrasi
Production practices in the Australian wine industry

Abstract This paper presents the findings of a major research project aimed at developing production strategies for the Australian wine industry. The research focused on production strategies in the winemaking process, including fermentation and maturation, cellaring, bottling, packaging and inventory management. It does not include vineyard management issues. The objective was the identification of a set of competitive priorities that applied to the Australian wine industry and a corresponding set of key decision areas for wine‐manufacturing strategy development. Competitive priorities are operational characteristics which the organisation uses to compete in a given market and key decision areas are the choices the organisation makes about the management of the wine production process which create the competitive priorities. The most important competitive priorities for wine production identified were product quality, cost and price, market scope, supply dependability and supply flexibility. The main key.
Connecting Places: Harnessing Diaspora Networks to Promote Food and Drink Internationalisation

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of national diasporas in facilitating SME internationalisation. As the world becomes more globalised and interconnected, there is an increasing move away from nation states towards globalised networks. With over 215 million people now living outside of their country of birth (Aikins & White, 2011) new collective identities are emerging which challenge the traditional concept of citizenship and the nation-state (Appadurai, 1996; Jackson, 2004; Robertson, 1992). Consequently, a number of countries and organisations recognise the need to develop diaspora networks, that is, developing strategies of uniting expatriates situated across the world, as well as foreign nationals with a strong affinity for their country, together in networks to create mutual benefit (Aikins, Sands, & White, 2009). Diaspora networks act to bridge the gap between the home and host countries (Banerjee, 1983; Boyd, 1989; Gurak & Caces, 1992). Collective results from both phases of this study lead to conclusions that diaspora networks are not definitive in effecting internationalisation, however, they can open doors to international markets through existing contacts, or contacts which have knowledge of the product or may be sympathetic towards a company’s efforts to internationalise due to common origins. Traditional SME internationalisation theories of the Stage Approach (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977; Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975) imply that internationalisation occurs in incremental steps initially to culturally and geographically close markets due to ‘psychic distance’. Network connections in international markets, particularly through national diaspora networks, can bypass this ‘psychic distance’ and instigate a more rapid internationalisation process for SMEs. Certainly, Ireland has been a leading example in how countries can engage with their diasporas for economic benefit, expanding the population of 4.4 million people to a diaspora network of 70 million people (Aikins et al., 2009). As regions of similar sizes and with similar cultural values, both Wales and Brittany have the potential to tap into their global diaspora networks. The reach of the Produit en Bretagne association is significant in the growth of Breton SMEs, but initiatives such as Breizh Amerika, the Breton diaspora association in America, or Global Welsh, the Welsh diaspora network, play an important role in supporting companies from their home region in seeking foreign market connections that can lead to internationalisation. This study focusses on the role played by in facilitating The notion of connecting places can be seen in the way in which export-seeking SMEs can connect with expatriate in international to develop SME internationalisation theory recognises the significance of to the propensity of small businesses, however, the role of diaspora networks represents a more recent, yet under-researched area that merits closer investigation, particularly with a view to shaping policy to enhance the influence of diasporas on internationalisation.
Class Politics, Socialist Policies, Capitalist Constraints

The renewed appeal of a socialist political discourse, one hundred years after the Soviet revolution and thirty years after its ignominious endpoint, has astonished the punditocracy. It does indeed appear that socialism in the twenty-first century has finally broken free of the legacy of the Russian revolution which so defined – pro and con – the political discourse of the left through the twentieth century, often weighing ‘like a nightmare on the brains of the living’. The emergence of a twenty-first century socialism which neither defines itself by the Bolshevik model, nor abjectly shrinks from advancing a socialist project for fear of being tainted by it, is itself a historic development. This is not to say that the Russian revolution is forgotten, but only that as young socialist activists mobilize against the timidity of career politicians and the machinations of the old centre-left party and media establishment that keeps them in place, they are today far more likely to be inspired by elements of its original revolutionary spirit than its specific revolutionary methods. This makes it all the more imperative that socialists face squarely, and discuss far more openly than has yet been done, whether the policy proposals that are being advanced in the current conjuncture through an explicitly socialist discourse only amount to the revival of social democratic reformism, or foretell the emergence of a new strategy for structural reform which would create the conditions for taking capital away from capital. This is the remit of this essay. It is not written with the expectation that either Corbyn or Sanders are on the verge of electoral victories that would lead to their forming a government. Rather it seeks to clarify what any socialist-led government in the UK or US in the foreseeable future would have to face. That is, a still deeply-integrated global capitalism, with capitalist economic dominance domestically securely in place, with working-class forces not strong enough, or coherent enough, to sustain a full-blown challenge to that dominance, and with public institutions very far from having the capacity, let alone the orientation, to implement democratic economic and social planning.
Statistical Theory of Chemical Kinetics : Application to Neutral-Atom—Molecule Reactions

Several processes involving uncharged species are discussed in terms of a statistical theory of strong‐coupling collisions. Specifically, we study the Mies—Shuler—Zwanzig model for vibrational excitation of a diatomic by impulsive collisions; the reactions of K with HBr, Cl with KH, Cl with Na2, and the subsequent reaction of vibrationally excited NaCl with Na; and the breakup of electronically excited H2O to H atom and OH (2Σ+) radical (as an example of a bad failure of the statistical model). Except in the last case, rotational and vibrational distributions in the product diatomics predicted by the statistical theory agree well with experiment (where the experiment has been done); the total reactive cross sections, although a little high, compare reasonably well with the measured cross sections.
Unusual Anion Effects in the Iron‐Catalyzed Formation of 3‐Hydroxyacrylates from Aromatic Aldehydes and Ethyl Diazoacetate

Due to the lability of one of the CO ligands in trans-[Fe(PNP)-(CO) 2 CI] + this compound is an efficient catalyst for the coupling of a series of aromatic aldehydes with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA), which give, in most cases, selectively 3-hydroxyacrylates rather than β-oxo esters. This reaction is strongly dependent on the nature of the counterion. Whereas with BF 4 - the reaction proceeds with conversions up to 90 %, in the case of the counterions NO 3 - , CF 3 COO - , CF 3 SO 3 - , SbF 6 - , and BAr' 4 - [Ar' = 3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] no reaction took place. In the case of PF 6 - only up to 20 % conversion was achieved. A conceivable mechanism for the coupling of aromatic aldehydes with EDA was established by means of DFT/B3LYP calculations, which allowed the rationalization of both the chemoselectivity and the role of the counterions.
Polystyrene Layers Grafted to Macromolecular Anchoring Layer

Dense and homogeneous grafted polymer layers were anchored from the melt onto a silicon wafer modified with a macromolecular anchoring layer rich in epoxy functional groups. A monolayer of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), attached to silicon wafers, served as the macromolecular anchoring layer. Carboxylic acid- and anhydride-terminated polystyrenes (PS) of different molecular weights were used for the grafting. The grafted layers did not dewet at elevated temperatures and did not desorb in a good solvent under ultrasonic treatment. Comparison of the results for the grafting to the PGMA primary layer with literature data obtained for the grafting to the epoxysilane monolayer suggested that there were many similarities between these grafting processes. The same major trends were observed. However, the grafting to the PGMA layer was much more effective. We attribute the high efficiency of the PGMA anchoring layer in the grafting reactions to the high mobility of the epoxy reactive groups and formation of an interpenetrating zone at the PS/PGMA interface.
Ultrasonic study of adsorption in polysaccharide metabolism

Starch metabolism due to adsorption of enzyme amylase on the starch substrate is outlined briefly. To explore the necessary conditions required for effective adsorption in biological media, ultrasonic techniques have been applied to elucidate the structural variations and component destruction in the considered systems. The ability of the enzyme amylase to break the linkages in two different polysaccharide substrates was determined from the observed ultrasonic data, which highlights the deciding factors of metabolism. It is concluded that the phenomenon of adsorption is decided by the surface area, the number of subunits held by the substrate, and the structure existing in the adsorbent, and above all, a relatively higher quantity of enzyme than the substrate.
The application of production planning approach on a large number of residential building construction project post natural disaster

After a large-scale natural disaster struck an urban area a large number of residential buildings construction is often needed. Such residential buildings are often built with more or less similar size and model therefore the construction is repetitive. The project management approach is normally employed in managing a large-scale residential building project. This study argues that due to its repetitive nature the construction of a large number of similar houses can also be viewed as a production system in addition to a project view. This study investigates the utilization of the production planning approach with the aid of a discrete event simulation method in managing the construction of a large number of residential buildings. This study simulates the construction of 500 similar houses. The study results show that the production management approach has the potential in managing a large-scale residential building project in addition to the project management approach.
Analysis and experiment of boiling heat transfer on T-shaped finned surfaces

The experiments of pool boiling were carried out on the T-shaped finned surfaces. The produced surfaces have precise geometric sizes. Therefore, the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism and the research of the optimal structural size are easily conducted. Based on the experiments and observations, a countercurrent two-phase flow model for boiling heat transfer on the T-shaped finned surfaces was proposed. Both relation for the heat transfer and the relation for the optimal slit width between T-shaped fins were obtained. The model was further extended to Thermoexcel-E surfaces, yielding the corresponding heat transfer relation.
In-Situ Electron Microscope Observations of Electrochemical Li Deposition/Dissolution with a LiPON Electrolyte

This paper studies the effect of current density on electrochemical Li deposition/dissolution at glassy solid electrolyte (LiPON) interfaces with a thin-film Cu current collector by in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Li nucleation rate and the saturation density of Li nuclei increase with increasing current density. When the current density is smaller than 300μAcm−2, Li islands continue to separately grow under a Cu film to the critical sizes to produce small cracks in the Cu film resulting in isolated Li rod growth from the cracks. On the other hand, a current density of 1.0mAcm−2 provokes the nucleation of Li islands at a number of sites. They rapidly coalesce under a Cu film in all lateral directions before cracking the Cu film, whereby Li growth is prevented. © The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.
Concentration and Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Light Scattering for Some Polystyrene Solutions in Toluene, Cyclohexane, Methylcyclohexane and Deuteromethylcyclohexane

Dynamic light scattering measurements are reported as functions of concentration and temperature for polystyrenes of well defined molecular weight and polydispersity in a good solvent (toluene) and in ϑ solvents (cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and deuteromethylcyclohexane) in the homogeneous region but under conditions approaching liquid−liquid demixing, including demixing via spinodal decomposition. The results are compared with DLS measurements reported in the previous paper for demixing via nucleation/growth.
Temperature Distributions in Tidal Flow Field

The development and application of a numerical model to predict the two‐dimensional depth mean velocity fields and background temperature distributions in a natural harbor, at Poole, England, is described. The predicted background temperature rises resulted from the proposed siting of either a 700 or 350‐MW capacity power station on the harbor perimeter, with the intake and outfall for the cooling water system being located along the boundary and within the harbor, respectively. The numerical model was based on the solution of the depth‐integrated flow equations, simulating the tidal currents, and on the depth integration of the advective‐diffusion equation for the conservation of heat. The main difficulties encountered in the hydrodynamic model included the representation of the advective acceleration terms, particularly since the harbor had a narrow entrance, and the modeling of the significant changes, which occur in the plan cross‐sectional area as large regions of shallow water, were dried out and fl.
Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis in the Organic Teaching Lab: A Simple, Greener Wittig Reaction.

A greener, microwave-assisted Wittig reaction has been developed for the second-semester organic teaching laboratory. Utilizing this microwave technique, a variety of styrene derivatives have been successfully synthesized from aromatic aldehydes in good yields (41–68%). The reaction not only occurs under neat reaction conditions, but also employs an inexpensive, non-pyrophoric base and readily available glassware. The average reaction times have been reduced to a matter of minutes rather than the hours typical of literature procedures. This method will therefore provide a quick and easy example of a Wittig reaction that can be accomplished in any undergraduate organic lab. The mixture of cis and trans alkenes produced by this method also provides instructors with opportunities to emphasize spectroscopic analysis of product mixtures.
Origin of compositional modulation of InGaAs in selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

We investigated the in‐plane compositional modulation of InGaAs epilayers in selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using a stagnant layer model. The growth pressure dependence of selective area growth of InAs and GaAs constituents using trimethylindium and triethylgallium revealed that the origin of the compositional modulation is in the mask region. A larger escaping probability of desorbed Ga source materials from the mask surface to the fluid layer and a slightly larger sticking coefficient defined at the mask surface of Ga source materials enrich the In composition of InGaAs epilayers near the mask edge. The escape probability is determined by the length ratio of the vapor phase mean‐free path of source materials to the stagnant layer thickness. The finite sticking coefficient at the mask surface corresponds to a chemical reaction which produces nonreactive species. With the larger escape probability of Ga source materials and the introduction of finite sticking coefficients at the mask surf.
In situ deposition of epitaxial PbZrxTi(1−x)O3 thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Epitaxial thin films of PbZrxTi(1−x)O3 (PZT) with 0≤x≤0.6 have been deposited in situ by pulsed laser deposition from stoichiometric targets onto 〈100〉 oriented single crystals of MgO and SrTiO3. Film composition was extremely sensitive to the substrate temperature and the oxygen deposition pressure. In a high (200–300 mTorr) oxygen ambient, phase‐pure 〈100〉 oriented PZT films (x=0.54) were formed at a substrate temperature of 550 °C on SrTiO3. On MgO, competition between formation of the ferroelectric phase and a nonferroelectric (pyrochlore) phase was observed for compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (x∼0.54). Polycrystalline PZT films which were 70%–90% PZT were also deposited on Pt coated Si and GaAs under similar conditions.
A Spectrometer for Measuring Time-Resolved Infrared Linear Dichroism Induced by a Small-Amplitude Oscillatory Strain

A spectrometer for detecting dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) induced by a small-amplitude oscillatory strain is described. The strain-induced dynamic variations of absorbance and linear dichroism, as well as the normal static absorbance and dichroism, are measured simultaneously as functions of IR wavenumber, temperature, and strain frequency. The phase (temporal) relationships between the dynamic optical signals and the applied strain are also obtained. The instrument is sensitive enough to detect dynamic optical signals on the order of 10−4 absorbance units with a time resolution of about 14 μs. The dynamic dichroism signals arise from the strain-induced temporary reorientation of dipole-transition moments associated with the molecular vibrations of chemical functional groups. Both the rate and extent of reorientations are strongly influenced by the local molecular environment of the functional groups. Because of the specificity of IR absorbance bands to the individual submolecular structures, DIRLD spectroscopy is especially suited for the study of the intra- and intermolecular interactions and the detection of subtle changes in the local molecular environment. Example DIRLD spectra of atactic polystyrene are presented to demonstrate the potential utility of this spectroscopic technique.