Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age at sexual debut and associated factors among high school female learners in Limbe urban area of Cameroon

Age at sexual debut is an important determinant of HIV transmission. However few studies have reported on the age of sexual debut among young women in Cameroon. This study aimed at investigating the age at sexual debut and associated factors among high school female learners in Limbe urban area of Cameroon. A cross-sectional design was adopted, using self-administered questionnaires to collect data from a representative sample of 210 high school female learners, selected from three high schools. Statistics were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 software program at the 0.05 significant level. Among the sexually active respondents, 60.2% had sexual debut at age 16 years or less, with the mean age at sexual debut being 15.5 years. Multiple sexual partners in the past one year were more common among those whohad early sexual debut than those who had late sexual debut (X 2 =72.935; p=0.001); multiple concurrent sexual partners during the study period were more common among those who had early sexual debut than those who had late sexual debut (X 2 =138.136; p=0.000);Condom use during first sex was more common among those who had late sexual debut than those who had early sexual debut (X 2 =44.038; p=0.015); Condom use during last was more common among those who had late sexual debut than those who had early sexual debut (X 2 =42.535; p=0.022). Programmes to delay sexual debut should be designed and implemented.
Enhanced anticancer effect of cetuximab combined with stabilized silver ion solution in EGFR-positive lung cancer cells

Abstract Background Cytotoxic, antiproliferative, cell cycle inhibitive, oxidative and apoptotic effects of cetuximab [antibody for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] alone and together with stabilized silver ion solution (St-Ag) on P-H1299, R-H1299, A-431 and A-549 cells were investigated. Materials and methods Cytotoxic effects of cetuximab alone and together with St-Ag on cells were determined by Cell Titer-Blue® Cell Viability and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity tests. Cell cycle distributions and apoptosis were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results St-Ag enhanced cetuximab cytotoxic effect on all cells. LDH activity, as a result of cell death, was found the highest level at treatment of cetuximab with St-Ag in all cells. Both treatment increased caspase-3/7 activity which is apoptotic enzyme was found higher in A-549 cells than other cells. Also, treatment of cetuximab with St-Ag caused increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in all cells. Cetuximab with St-Ag treatment increased glutathione peroxidase activity in all cells generating oxidative stress. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), topoisomerase II-alpha (except R-H1299), cyclin D1 and D2 genes expression were decreased in all cells which explain the cell cycle inhibition effect. Conclusion These findings suggest that treatment of cetuximab combined with St-Ag exhibit more carcinogenesis reducing potential than cetuximab alone.
Solving the Triangulation Problem using Cones

In reality, the images vi can not be measured exactly. Therefore, due to this uncertainty the calculation of X is not clear since the lines connecting the camera centers Ci and the respective image point vi do not have to intersect. At this point it is common to regard the minimisation problem considering least squares distances in the image planes. Since this method suffers from local minima, one can use another straight forward approach which is the topic of this project: Recalling the situation illustrated above, one can consider small neighbourhoods (e.g. a disk) of the measured imagepoints vi (in the image planes) and considers the cones naturally defined in the 3D space by the respective camera center and these ’disks’ (circles). These cones, or precisely, the ’extensions’ of the cones intersect if the neighbourhoods and hence the bases of the cones are sufficiently large. To get a solution for the triangulation problem we investigate the smallest possible neighbourhoods which give a non-empty intersection. Furthermore one can ’weigh’ the distance from the ray going through the point vi (and the camera center ci) by a (Gaussian) distribution.
Modeling the Real World for Data Mining : Granular Computing Approach

To each object in an object space, a (possibly empty) family of granules (crisp/fuzzy subsets) of the data space, is assigned; we call it a granulation. It is a mild generalization of the neighborhood system of (pre)topological spaces. If each family has at most one granule, the granulation defines a binary relations. Interestingly, if the granulation is defined by general relations, the data space is the (world) models in first order logic. A knowledge representation of such a world model, that is, assigning a uniquely meaningful name (attribute value) to each neighborhood, is called a granular data model. If the granulation are by equivalence relations, the model is the classical relational model. Intuitively, it is a ”real world” data model; note that granules have overlapped so attribute values may not be independent. In other words, attribute domains are more than Cantor sets; intuitively they are ”real worldModels (sets). ” Depending on the structures and representations, the model can be useful in fuzzy logic or data mining. The focus of this paper is on data mining, in fact, semantically rich rules are mined. Its performance are measured; it twenty some times faster than traditional Apriori.
On Empirical Heteroskedastic Properties of Japanese Stock Price Changes - Proceedings AFIR 1999 - Tokyo, Japan

By estimating the volatility persistence of indivisual stock returns in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, we found that the estimated persistence negatively depends on the length of sample period. The computer simulation results indicate that this seeming decay of persistence is quantitively consistent with the assumption of stationarity if we take both the small sample effect and the ‘model misspecification effect’ into account. We also showed that a similar phenomenon observed in Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990) is also explained without introducing structural changes through vast and thourough simulations.
inventory Anurans from the Middle Jaguaribe River Region , Ceará State , Northeastern Brazil

The Middle Jaguaribe River region is a poorly sampled area in the Caatingas domain, located in the eastern Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. The Brazilian government agencies considered this region as a priority area for conservation and inventories. In order to fill this biodiversity knowledge gap, we conducted a ten-day rapid inventory of the anuran fauna from April 11 to 20, 2014, surveying different physiognomies of the region. We recorded 19 anuran species belonging to five families: Bufonidae (2), Hylidae (5), Leptodactylidae (9), Microhylidae (2) and Odontophrynidae (1). Most inventories of Caatinga amphibians published to date have been conducted inside protected areas and/or of high altitude (mesic areas known as "brejos de altitude"). The list we present herein contributes to the knowledge of lowland Caatinga sites outside protected areas. We discuss our results in light of taxonomic and geographic features of the anurans sampled.
Application of Support Vector Machine Algorithm in E-Mail Spam Filtering

The problem of spam classification has received broad and current interest in the recent years. One of the most common supervised learning methods applied for binary text classification is Naı̈ve Bayes (NB) algorithm. We propose Support Vector Machine (SVM) spam filtering algorithm, treating NB as a baseline. Taking into account SVMs ability to separate features in high-dimensional space, we aim to prove the hypothesis stating that SVM is more effective than NB regarding the spam filtering problem.
The Effects of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Tourism Demand for the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic from Germany, Poland, Austria, and Slovakia

Abstract International tourism is one of the most important sectors of the open economy. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects that income as gross domestic product, tourism price as the real exchange rate, and travel cost as the price of Brent crude oil have on inbound tourism demand (tourist arrivals) from Poland, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic over the period 2002:M1–2018:M5. The number of Polish, German, Slovak and Austrian tourists accommodated in collective accommodation establishments within the South Moravian Region as a dependent variable are considered. To achieve this aim, cointegration analysis under the VECM approach is applied. The results show that Slovak, Polish, Austrian and German tourists respond positively to their income changes. Austrian and Slovak tourists respond negatively to changes in tourism prices in the Czech Republic. Tourists from Germany and Poland do not respond to changes in the Czech price level since their elasticity coefficients are non-significant. German, Austrian and Slovak tourists respond negatively to transportation cost changes. Polish tourists do not respond to transport cost changes since their elasticity coefficient is non-significant.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAIT-VARIABILITY OF A FOOD DECEPTIVE ORCHID , CEPHALANTHERA RUBRA ALONG DIFFERENT ALTITUDES

As climate change is forcing plant species to migrate northward and upward, it is important to know how species’ vegetative traits and reproductive success vary along different climatic conditions. We aimed to examine the impact of elevation on the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Cephalanthera rubra in four different altitudes in Hungary: in a lowland oak forest (103 m), and in the beech forests of the Bükk-mountains (361 m, 533 m, 657 m). We counted the number of leaves, flowers, and fruits, and measured the height of each plant with the length and width of all leaves. Linear, negative binomial, and quasipoisson regressions were used to compare the populations. Our study has shown that the lowland and mountain populations of C. rubra are sharply different regarding their life history strategy and reproductive success, and altitudinal effects can be found only in the mountain populations. The number of flowers depends strongly on the vegetative production (height and leaf area) of the plants, but at the same time, the area that facilitates greater vegetative production possibly because it also facilitates species with better competitiveness, and it is less favorable to its mimicked partners were less beneficial in terms of fruit production.
Effect of Adding Rare Earth Elements Er and Gd on the Corrosion Residual Strength of Magnesium Alloy

Abstract The effects of the single and compound addition of rare earth Gd and Er on corrosion resistance and residual strength of as-cast AM50 magnesium alloy were studied using XRD, SEM, EDS, the weightlessness test, electrochemistry method, and tensile test. The results of XRD and SEM showed that Al3Er, Al2Gd3, and Al–Mn–Gd(Er) phases appeared in the alloy structure after the addition of rare earth Er and Gd. The results from the weightlessness test and Tafel curves show that the corrosion resistance of the modified composite rare earth was improved. Stress concentration caused by a corrosion pit is the direct cause of the tensile samples after corrosion. The corrosion residual strength of modified composite rare earth specimens is better than that of modified single rare earth samples. Fracture analysis indicates that the addition of rare earth elements did not change the fracture mechanism of the alloy, and the fracture was still the cleavage fracture.
Increasing reform implementation and teacher efficacy through peer coaching

Background and Purpose This study measured the effects of peer coaching and related mathematics in-service of twelve grade 3 and 6 teachers who participated in a brief but intensive professional learning program over six months. The program included in-service focused on standards-based pedagogy as well as peer coaching opportunities focused on goal setting, observations, and debriefing. We focused on observable shifts in instructional practice and teacher beliefs about instructional capacity to teach mathematics. Teacher peer coaching is an intensive professional development activity in which teachers provide one another with feedback about their teaching. This model for professional learning can help overcome the isolated nature of classroom teaching by establishing a learning community in which teachers share in goal setting, classroom observations and reflection. It is important to recognize possible limitations of peer coaching, however, which has not been found to be universally successful, especially when peer coaching initiatives have lacked teacher support for specific types of communication required to share constructive feedback and/or content-specific pedagogy training.
Optimized Template Detection and Extraction Algorithm for Web Scraping of Dynamic Web Pages

There are a huge number of dynamic websites spanning across the World Wide Web and containing manifold text information that may be helpful for data analysis. Although these dynamic websites generates thousands to millions of web pages for a certain search criteria by user, however, still they represent few unique web templates. Thus identifying the underlying web templates may result in efficient and optimized extraction of information from these web pages. Different techniques such as text_MDL, Minhash jaccard coefficient and Minhash dice coefficient have been used for web template detection and extraction. These path based techniques are complex in nature and not feasible when the number of web documents are very large. A feature based web data extraction algorithm is presented that can identify the underlying template of the web pages represented as DOM tree by clustering the similar web pages together based on feature similarity of web pages and comparing other dynamic web pages with the identified template. It enables processing and extraction of large data sets from heterogeneous web pages in reliable time. We have applied the proposed algorithm on live dynamic web pages of patent portal to compare the result against existing web extraction algorithms and found to be more efficient in terms of throughput.
Community Mobilization : Preventing Partner Violence by Changing Social Norms

In the last decade, the prevention of violence against women (VAW) has become a global priority (Watts & Zimmerman, 2002; World Health Organization/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2010). Among the three types of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary, primary prevention is the least common yet may hold the most potential for impacting rates of partner violence (Heise, 2011). The growing recognition of the far reaching negative consequences of violence against women (Ellsberg, et al., 2008; World Health Organization/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2010) is spurring the development of diverse frameworks, models and strategies in primary prevention. These primary prevention efforts have been categorized into three types: awareness raising, small group work, and edutainment (Heise, 2011). However, extensive activity on the ground has, at times, resulted in generalized and diluted understandings of some of the approaches being utilized—limiting opportunities for collaborative learning and the development of promising practices. This is particularly the case for the type of primary prevention known as community mobilization.
Electrical Conductivity and Water Flow Control of a NFT System

The reduction of the space for irrigation and increasing market demands in quality and health of the vegetables, are factors that have made hydroponic techniques become potentially attractive, especially NFT. In this paper the design and implementation of a control system for a hydroponic system of nutritious film NFT (Nutritious Film Technique) to control the flow and electrical conductivity (EC) of nutritious solutions in growth channels is presented. A full description of the electronics components, sensors and signal conditioning together with a description of the software is presented. The controller is based on the classical PID controller, which is easy to implement and operate and, moreover, it is relatively cheap. The case of study is the control system of a hydroponic system for a kind of spinach known as “Spinaciaoleracea”. The hydroponic system is composed of a greenhouse tunnel with an area of 6x5 m2. Also, the components, which are available in México, are EC sensor (HI3001), sensor of pressure MPX10DP, electro valves, three water pumps, analogical electronic components and a microcontroller (PIC18F4550). It must be stressed that this hydroponic system will be installed in the roofs of houses and buildings of México City. Keywords—Control applications, Hydroponic systems, Instrumentation, Microcontrollers, PI controllers.
Polypharmacy including falls risk-increasing medications and subsequent falls in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults

Background: polypharmacy is an important risk factor for falls, but recent studies suggest only when including medications associated with increasing the risk of falls. Design: a prospective, population-based cohort study. Subjects: 6,666 adults aged ≥50 years from The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing. Methods: participants reported regular medication use at baseline. Any subsequent falls, any injurious falls and the number of falls were reported 2 years later. The association between polypharmacy (>4 medications) or fall risk-increasing medications and subsequent falls or injurious falls was assessed using modified Poisson regression. The association with the number of falls was assessed using negative binomial regression. Results: during follow-up, 231 falls per 1,000 person-years were reported. Polypharmacy including antidepressants was associated with a greater risk of any fall (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.54), of injurious falls (aRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10–2.07) and a greater number of falls (adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) 1.60, 95% CI 1.19–2.15), but antidepressant use without polypharmacy and polypharmacy without antidepressants were not. The use of benzodiazepines was associated with injurious falls when coupled with polypharmacy (aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.87), but was associated with a greater number of falls (aIRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05–1.65), independent of polypharmacy. Other medications assessed, including antihypertensives, diuretics and antipsychotics, were not associated with outcomes. Conclusion: in middle-aged and older adults, polypharmacy, including antidepressant or benzodiazepine use, was associated with injurious falls and a greater number of falls.
Towards the computational design of soft magneto-electric composites

Materials that couple electric and magnetic fields are employed, e.g., as magnetic field sensors and random access memory components. Because of the very low coupling properties of single phase materials, the use of magneto-electric composites has been suggested [1]. More recently, Liu and Sharma [2] investigated magneto-mechanical and electro-mechanical coupling properties of soft composites forming a new class of magneto-electro-mechanically coupling materials. This innovative class of composites has as main advantages the relative low cost of the single phases, the straight-forward manufacturing process and their fracture toughness. While there exist numerical studies on hard magneto-electric composites [3], we are not aware of any numerical studies on soft-matrix magneto-electric composites with focus on their magneto-electric coupling properties in literature. Such studies would provide important insight for the design of competitive magneto-electric devices. Therfore, within this contribution, we present multiscale simulations of soft magneto-electric bodies [4] under physically reasonable, experimentally motivated boundary conditions [5]. By this we investigate, on the one hand, the effective reponse of the composite and, on the other hand, the influence of the macroscopic shape [6] on the overall coupling properties of magneto-electric devices.
The Ironies of Digital Citizenship Educational Imaginaries and Digital Losers Across Three Decades

Our everyday use of digital technologies, platforms and infrastructures is often portrayed as an autonomous technical development, guided by clever and independent innovations, rather than broad sociotechnical imaginaries that inspire parliamentary support and governance. This article will consequently shed the light on the often-overlooked structural and societal efforts that have historically shaped the digital citizen of today. For the past 70 years or so, non-formal adult education about computers and computing has been a key part of political ambitions to create a desirable future. Over time, digital technologies have also become a precondition for the enactment of citizenship. That is, ‘digital citizenship’ is increasingly positioned as a fundamental requirement for democratic participation. The purpose of this paper is to trace how the digital citizen, and its accompanying problems, has been construed over time, particularly through educational imaginaries. What problems is the digital citizen a solution to? Who has been presented as problematic, and who, subsequently, has become the primary target for educational solutions? What skills have been described as indispensable for the digital citizen during different periods in history? By using Sweden as a vantage point this paper provides both concrete examples as well as perspectives on transnational discourses. In focus for the study are discourses concerning non-formal adult education, in the form of awareness campaigns, social programmes and adult liberal education about computers aimed at the general citizenry, during three periods in time: the 1950s, the 1980s, and today. The contribution is a critical take on how the citizen has increasingly become connected to digital technologies, and how this convergence has at the same time created digital exclusion.
Continuous Selections For Almost Lower Semicontinuous Multifunctions

In this paper, we obtain several new continuous selection theorems for almost lower semicontinuous multifunctions T on a paracompact topological space X, in the general noncompact and/or nonconvex settings. We consider three interesting topics in the selection theory; each of these topics deals with a broad class of selection problems. One is to introduce and analyze some well known selection theorems. Based on Deutsch-Kenderov theorem and an equicontinuous property, we first establish a generalized selection theorem for the multifunctions, even without requiring lower semicontinuity on T , but merely an almost lower semicontinuous multifunction. Secondly, we establish some relationships between abstract convexity and the selection property. Under a mild condition of one point extension property, we show that a C-set structure on a metric space without convexity still has the continuous selection property. Finally, we modify our selection theorems by adjusting a closed subset Z of X with its covering dimension dimXZ ≤ 0. These results derived here generalize and unify various earlier ones from classic continuous selection theory.