Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle concentration and stokes number effects in multi-phase turbulent channel flows

This investigation examines the effect that particle concentration has on the dynamics of two-phase turbulent channel flows at low and high density ratios. In the literature, little explanation is offered for the existence of high particle turbulence intensities in the buffer layer and viscous sublayer for particles with high Stokes number. The present study aims to explore particle dynamics in those regions. The spectral element method DNS solver, Nek5000, is used to model the fluid phase at a shear Reynolds number Re=, Particles are tracked using a Lagrangian approach with inter-phase momentum exchange (two-way coupling). Mean fluid and particle velocity statistics are gathered and analysed to determine the effect of increasing both Stokes number and concentration. Results indicate that the system with the greater Stokes number (air) has a much larger impact on the mean streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity profiles. As the concentration is increased, the mean flow velocity and turbulence intensity are reduced in the bulk and increased very close to the wall. For the low Stokes system, there is negligible effect on the flow statistics at low concentration. One-way coupled solid-phase statistics indicate that particles in water follow the flow very closely. At the higher densityratio, particles lag behind the flow in the bulk, but overtake the flow in the near-wall region, where the existence of increased streamwise turbulence intensities is also observed. To elucidate the dynamics, concentrations and fluxes are analysed. Particles are observed to be distributed more densely close to the wall in air, compared to a reasonably uniform distribution in water. Finally, contour plots indicate that particles in air tend to congregate in regions of low streamwise fluid velocity, and the extent to which this differs between the two systems is then quantitatively measured.
Security-Priming in Trauma-Exposed Individuals : a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( fMRI ) Study

Research shows a strong association between attentional bias to threat and emotional regulation difficulties, specifically heightened activation of neural areas known to be involved in emotional processing (amygdala) in individuals who report post-traumatic stress symptoms. Theoretical and research evidence suggests that the enhancing of felt attachment security through security-priming may grant an individual access to effective emotion regulation strategies, which in turn may reduce attentional bias and associated abnormal neural activations. Trauma-survivors with elevated anxiety levels were randomised into an experimental group (secure attachment priming, n=16) where they were primed using positive attachmentrelated pictures, or a neutral control priming condition (n=18) where they viewed nonattachment pictures of people. Participants then completed a dot-probe task to measure attentional bias to threat, and an emotionally threatening face-matching task to probe amygdala activation. No between groups differences were found on measures of attentional bias. Contrary to the hypothesis, participants in the security-priming group showed significantly greater amygdala activation in response to threatening faces. Attachment style was not found to moderate the impact of security-priming on attentional bias or neural activation. Interpersonal trauma experiences make up the majority of the study sample. The impact of this is considered in the context of short-term single exposure to explicit attachment based security-priming interventions and the study paradigm employed to measure amygdala activation, which may act to initially dysregulate and contraindicate activation of a secure attachment representation, respectively.
Complex Transmission Eigenvalues in One Dimension

We consider all of the transmission eigenvalues for one-dimensional media. We give some conditions under which complex eigenvalues exist. In the case when the index of refraction is constant, it is shown that all the transmission eigenvalues are real if and only if the index of refraction is an odd number or reciprocal of an odd number.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) LANDRACES GROWN IN NORTHEAST ANATOLIA OF TURKEY ASSESSED WITH SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker system was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 38 common bean landraces grown in Northern Anatolia Region and their relationship to twelve nationally registered cultivars. A total of 72 DNA fragments across all materials were scored using 30 primers pairs. More than 97% of the amplification products showed polymorphism, indicating high variation at the DNA level among these accessions. Pair-wise genetic similarity ranged from 0.218 to 0.759, with a mean of 0.585. Based on the SSR markers, two major clusters were formed of 50 genotypes investigated. A majority of the commercial cultivars (66.6%) and landrace accessions (84.2%) were clustered into second group, whereas, small portion of commercial cultivars (33.4%) and landrace accessions (15.7%) were clustered in to first group. A Mantel's test showed significant correlation between SSR distance matrix and cophenetic matrices. Considerable variation existed within the genotypes collected from Northeast Anatolia Region and registered cultivars that can be exploited for breeding programs.
Leaching behaviour of azoxystrobin in sandy loam soil

The mobility of azoxystrobin in sandy loam soil was studied under continuous and discontinuous flow conditions in soil columns under laboratory conditions at two application rates (50 and 100 μg), with simulated rainfall of 300 mm. Residues of azoxystrobin in soil and leachate were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Though maximum concentration of azoxystrobin was found in the top 10 cm layer under both continuous and discontinuous flow conditions but azoxystrobin residues under continuous flow conditions were recorded down to a depth of 15-20 cm and under discontinuous flow conditions residues, were recorded at depths of up to 20 and 25 cm for the single and double dose treatments, respectively. The retention of azoxystrobin residues was greater under continuous flow conditions at the higher dose, whereas a low retention of azoxystrobin residues at the lower dose and under discontinuous flow conditions was observed. The low mobility of azoxystrobin in soil indicated that it represents a low risk to groundwater systems. Leachate fractions were free from azoxystrobin residues. Key words: Leaching, azoxystrobin, sandy loam soil, column, residues.
Experimental investigation of the near-wall flow over transversal moving surface waves

The influence of a spanwise transversal surface wave on the near-wall flow field of a turbulent boundary layer is investigated by particle-image velocimetry (PIV) and micro-particle tracking velocimetry (μ-PTV). The experimental setup consists of a flat plate equipped with an insert to generate a transversal spanwise traveling wave on an aluminum surface. PIV and μ-PTV measurements are conducted for three Reynolds numbers, based on the freestream velocity and momentum thickness measured immediately downstream of the actuated surface Reθ = 1200, 1660, and 2080. The transversal wave is generated by a newly developed electromagnetic actuator system underneath the aluminum surface. Three amplitudes of A = 0.25, 0.30 and 0.375mm at a wave length of λ = 160mm and a frequency of f = 81Hz are investigated. The detailed analysis of the velocity profile shows the transversal surface motion to redistribute the velocity in the viscous sublayer and in the logarithmic region of the turbulent boundary layer. The velocity fluctuations in the outer boundary layer are increased and the streamwise momentum in the near-wall regime is lowered. The drag reduction ratio (DR) due to the actuation is determined by the velocity gradient in the viscous sublayer. At the lowest Reynolds number the drag-reducing impact is proportional to the amplitude of the wave. That is, the higher the amplitude, the more pronounced the friction drag reduction, with a DR as high as 3.42% being found in this work, compared to the non-actuated configuration. A vortex-identification method through swirling strength is applied in order to detect changes in the flow structure due to the actuation.
An examination of the effects of service brand dimensions on customer satisfaction

The present study intends to examine how consumers evaluate service brands. Building on past literature, several causal relationships are examined between key brand dimensions and consumer satisfaction using the airline industry as an exemplary branded service category. Results reveal price, core service, feelings and self-image congruence to be the most important dimensions of a service brand which, in turn, impact significantly on consumer satisfaction. Except price, these attributes are intangible components of the service brand that can only be assessed by the customer during the use stage of decision-making. Besides these brand components, controlled communications are also found to strongly influence customers’ overall dispositions toward the brand. Key-words: service brands, brand evidence, brand hearsay, customer satisfaction Track: Services Marketing
Model Predictive Control of Residential Energy Systems Using Energy Storage & Controllable Loads

Local energy storage and smart energy scheduling can be used to ﬂatten energy proﬁles with undesirable peaks. Extending a recently developed model to allow controllable loads, we present Centralized and Decentralized Model Predictive Control algorithms to reduce these peaks. Numerical results show that the additional degree of freedom leads to improved performance.
Utilisation of coal ash to improve acid soil

Im-Erb, R. , Bamroongrugsa, N. , Kawashima, K. , Amano, T. and Kato, S. Utilisation of coal ash to improve acid soil Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. , 2004, 26(5) : 697-708 The study on utilization of coal ash to improve acid soil was carried out in a greenhouse at the Land Development Regional Office 1, Pathum Thani Province, Central Thailand, from January-May 2003. Fly ash mixture (fly ash plus gypsum and lime at the proportion 5:4:1) and clinker ash mixture (clinker ash plus gypsum and lime at the proportion 5:4:1) were used as soil amendments at varying rates i.e., 0, 6.25,12.5, 18.75 and 25 t/ha to improve the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of application of coal ash on acid soil and the growth of a vegetable (Chinese kale). Chinese kale cultivars were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Pak Chong soil series (Ultisols) was used as the growth medium. Twenty-day-old seedlings were transplanted in 270 pots (two plants per pot) containing acid soil with different treatments of coal ash mixture which were as follows: 1) control, 2) fly ash mixture 6.25 t/ha, 3) fly ash mixture 12.5 t/ha, 4) fly ash mixture 18.75 t/ha, 5) fly ash mixture 25 t/ha, 6) clinker ash mixture 6.25 t/ha, 7) clinker ash mixture 12.5 t/ha, 8) clinker ash mixture 18.75 t/ha and 9) clinker ash mixture 25 t/ha. Chemical fertilizers were applied at the rate of 250 kg/ha using a grade of 15-15-15 of N, P and K, respectively. Plants were harvested 40 days after transplanting. Among the treatments, application of fly ash mixture at a rate of 25t/ha (4t/rai) substantially increased soil pH up to 5.7. Fly ash was found more effective ORIGINAL ARTICLE 1Ph.D. (Soil Science), Agronomist, Land Development Department, Phaholyothin, Lardyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand. 2Ph.D. (Crop Physiology), Assoc. Prof., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand. 3B.Eng.(Civil Engineering), Engineer, Chubu Electric Power Co., Japan. 5 Ph.D.(Agricultural Chemistry), Prof., Seikei University, Japan. Corresponding e-mail: rungsun@ldd.go. th Received, 26 January 2004 Accepted, 5 April 2004 than clinker ash in increasing soil pH. The highest yield of Chinese kale was also obtained when fly ash mixture was applied at a rate of 25 t/ha followed by fly ash mixture at 18.75 t/ha and clinker ash mixture at 18.75 t/ha with an average yield per plant of 4.980, 3.743 and 3.447 grams, respectively. It can be concluded that the application of coal ash mixture, either flyor clinker ash, at 18.75-25 t/ha (3-4 t/rai) was the most effective in terms of plant yield. The use of coal ash mixture increased cation exchange capacity, base saturation percentage and Ca, Mg and S contents in the soil as well as plant uptake of N. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil (Cd, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were found to be within permissible levels while Cd, Cr and Ni in the plants were at critical levels for health.
Region, Regionness and Regionalism in Latin America: Towards a New Synthesis

Latin American regional governance today represents a conglomerate of commercial, political and trans-societal welfarist integration projects. In this overlapping and sometimes conflicting scenario what Latin Americanness should mean, and how integration projects should respond to current challenges of global political economy are being redefined. The focus of the paper is twofold: to better understand current regional transformations and to discuss what new developments mean for how we theorise non-European regionalism. Looking at the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas and the Union of South American Nations we ask: How are we to understand regional agreements that are grounded in different systems of rules, alternative ideas and motivations that contest ‘open regionalism’? We argue that Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) represent different pathways to regional building, creating foundations for post-hegemonic and post-trade regional governance. We thus challenge New Regionalist approaches that assume regionalism as taking place within and modelled by neoliberal economics, establishing the debate around ‘old’ vs. ‘new’ regionalism. As these categories are limited in grasping the full meaning and implications of post-hegemonic regional orders, we discuss UNASUR and ALBA as ‘arenas for action’ to understand divergent practices, outcomes and types of regionness emerging in alternative regional spaces in South America.
Where to Vocational Education in Kenya? Is Analysing Training and Development Needs the Answer to the Challenges in this Sector?

This paper examines training and development (TD however, additional factors such as the right equipment, qualified trainers, a conducive economic, social and political environment, and sound program coordination are also essential to its success. The paper is divided into seven sections: introduction, background to the research, problem statement, methodology, findings, discussion and research conclusions.
Estimating Fertility Responses to Expectations: Evidence From the 1958 British Cohort

The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between unemployment and fertility. The hypothesis we investigate is that unemployment affects fertility decisions by influencing individual`s expectations of future job opportunities and wage levels. A spell of unemployment may induce women to bring forward or delay the birth of their first child, depending on the relative strength of the income and substitution effects. Our results show that expectations of future wage levels and future job opportunities are relevant in explaining fertility patterns. In particular, higher expected wage levels encourage women to work more and delay childbirth. By contrast, more favourable expected job opportunities raise the hazard of a birth and, everything else equal, induce women to bring forward the event. In the latter case, a dominating income effect seems to be at work.
Effects of Different Prey and Rearing Densities on Growth and Survival of Octopus Maya Hatchlings

The present study aims to determining the isolated and combined effects of stocking and prey densities on growth and survival of Octopus maya hatchlings both at experimental level and in a pilot scale system (8 m2; 2700 L). Octopus survival was not related to prey density. Gained wet weight resulted in a significant interaction between initial stocking density and prey density indicating that octopus growth under low and high density was affected in a different manner depending on the density in which prey were offered. Prey density did not have a significant effect on growth and octopus fed with all three prey densities gained wet weight in a similar way. Results indicate the use of culture densities of 140 octopus m-2, and at least 0.27 g prey octopus-1 d-1 can be used to cultivate octopuses in small tanks. In tanks of 8m2 a higher growth rate was obtained with both 25 and 50 octopus m-2 densities were used. Survival was not affected by stocking density between 25 to 75 octopus m-2.
Classification with Imperfect Hierarchical Structure Knowledge

Many real world classification problems involve classes organized in a hierarchical tree-like structure. However in many cases the hierarchical structure is ignored and each class is treated in isolation or in other words the class structure is flattened (Dumais and Chen, 2000). In this paper, we propose a new approach of incorporating hierarchical structure knowledge by cascading it as an additional feature for Child level classifier. We posit that our cascading model will outperform the baseline “flat” model. Our empirical experiment provides strong evidences supporting our proposal. Interestingly, even imperfect hierarchical structure knowledge would also improve classification performance.
Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain during and after the Industrial Revolution

New estimates of nominal earnings and the cost of living are presented and used to make a fresh assessment of changes in the real earnings of male and female manual workers in Britain from 1770 to 1870. Workers' average real earnings are then adjusted for factors such as unemployment, the number of their dependants, and the costs of urbanization. The main finding is that the standard of living of the average working-class family improved by less than 15 percent between the 1780s and 1850s. This long plateau is shown to be consistent with other economic, political, and demographic indicators.
TV-Satellite Image Quality Evaluation by Cross-Correlation

Cross-Correlation is widely used to match images. In this work, an attempt is made to study the cross-correlation performance on the TV-satellite images. These images were taken from a channel (Abu Dhabi) broadcasts over three satellites (Arabsat, Hotbird, and Nilesat). The aim of this work is to determine the best quality TV-Satellite images on one satellite and compare it with the other satellites. It has been considered the automatic selected regions based on searching for the region that has minimum standard deviation of luminance (σminL) in the image. The cross-correlation method was computed for the found σminL block and the block next to it by one pixel. In this method all RGB-L components are calculated. The results indicated that the image on the Nilesat was correlated more than the images on the other satellites.
Dialogue Acts in VERBMOBIL

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens Verbmobil vom Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF), unter dem Forderkennzeichen 01 IV 101 K / 1 gefordert. Die Verantwortung fur den Inhalt dieser Arbeit liegt bei den AutorInnen.
Collaborating and interacting: Walking together towards our learning community 1 Colaboración e interacción: juntos en camino hacia nuestra comunidad de aprendizaje

This article presents the findings of a research study which aimed to explore the collaborative practices of a group of intermediate level students and the way in which students’ interactions contributed to the initial steps towards the establishment of a learning community. Collaboration in this particular study was seen as the actions students took in order to work together towards a common goal. Data revealed that participants went through a three-stage process that moved from individual perspectives to dialogic exchanges to collective constructions of knowledge that emerged from the community they initiated. As students participated in collaborative tasks, they progressively built closer relationships and their sense of belonging to the group progressively increased.
THE SPATIAL VERIFICATION METHOD INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT 16 B . 2

The numerical simulation of weather events has progressed to the point that mesoscale phenomena such as squall-lines and hurricanes are routinely forecasted. The simulated reflectivity field and precipitation distribution have realistic features and spatial structure that can provide valuable guidance to forecasters on the mode of convective evolution (Weisman et al., 2008). However, the traditional verification scores often do not reflect this improvement. Small errors in the position or timing of convective features result in both false alarms and missed events that dominate the 2x2 contingency table that serves as the foundation of traditional categorical verification scores (Wilks, 2006). This problem is only exacerbated by tighter grid spacing. Several traditional scores such as critical success index (CSI or threat score) and Gilbert skill score (GSS or equitable threat score) have been used for decades, but their utility is limited when it comes to diagnosing displacement error or an incorrect mode of convective organization.
Mm/Submm images of Herbig-Haro energy sources and candidate protostars

We present 450, 850 m and 1300 m images of regions with embedded candidate protostars. Some of them are associated with HH objects (HH 7-11, HH 1-2, HH 147, HH 111, HH 108) and have been previously iden- tied in the course of a 1300 m survey. Other regions were taken from the IRAS PSC (04239+2436, 04368+2557, 20050+2720, 20386+6751, 22134+5834, 23011+6126). The new mm/submm images show the detailed structure of the regions some of which contain new compact sources as well as extended emission features. The inferred mm/submm fluxes are combined with IRAS data in order to derive the temperature of the associated dust, its mass and the re{radiated luminosity. Taking the ratio of FIR{to{submm luminosity as an indicator for the evolu- tionary stage, we nd that 15 out of 17 sources have LFIR=Lsmm < 200, indicating that most objects are probably genuine protostars. For the rst time, we detect dust emission associated with HH objects themselves, H2 and CO flows which we interpret as density enhancements swept up by the ejected material.
Numerical Simulation of Urban Heat Island Effect by the WRF Model with 4-km Grid Increment: An Inter-Comparison Study between the Urban Canopy Model and Slab Model

The present study applies the WRF model involving the single-layer urban canopy model (hereafter, WRF_UCM) to urban climate simulation of the Tokyo metropolitan area for August (2004–2007) and compare results to (a) observations, and (b) the WRF model involving the slab urban model (hereafter, WRF_SLAB). In this urban area, WRF_UCM accurately captures the observed monthly mean daytime and nocturnal UHI, whereas WRF_SLAB does not show a nocturnal UHI. Moreover, the observed diurnal variations of the surface air temperature for central Tokyo and Kumagaya, a nearby inland city, are reproduced well by WRF_UCM. However, WRF_SLAB exhibits both a 1-hr phase shift and a 6.2 � C excess oscillation magnitude over observations. In addition, WRF_UCM accurately reproduces the frequency distribution of surface air temperatures, showing a maximum at 27 � C, whereas WRF_SLAB produce a bimodal distribution, with double peaks at 23 and 33 � C. Finally, WRF_UCM does a much better job than WRF_SLAB at modeling the relative humidity.