Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RAPID COMMUNICATION Stress-Induced Heart Failure

Stress produced heart failure in cardiomyopathic hamsters (CMHs) with subclinical heart disease. CMHs exhibited a variety of peripheral manifestations of heart failure including subcutaneous edema, fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavities, and increased organ weight. In contrast, stress did not produce heart failure in healthy hamsters. These data indicate that the presence of covert heart disease can dramatically alter the pathogenic consequences of stress.
INTRINSIC TUMORS

Accepted, April 10, 2007. The role of surgery in the treatment of intrinsic cerebral tumors is based mainly on the ability to maximize safe tumor removal and alleviate focal neurological deficits secondary to mass effect and increased intracranial pressure. Understanding the localization of function in the human cerebrum is important in the surgical decision making process. Both the cortical and subcortical pathways within and adjacent to intrinsic cerebral tumors can be identified during tumor removal to prevent permanent morbidity. Preoperative localization of intrinsic tumors and functional brain regions may be achieved by multiple noninvasive imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET); single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); functional MRI (fMRI); magnetic-source imaging (MSI); physiological MRI (i.e., proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy [MRS]); diffusion-weighted MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); and perfusion imaging to determine cerebral blood volume (CBV). Despite significant advances in anatomic, functional, and physiological neuroimaging modalities, functional information obtained intraoperatively by cortical mapping remains the “gold standard” in defining cortical and subcortical pathways. In this review on the resection of intrinsic cerebral tumors, we begin by defining cortical sites of functional origin as well as the corresponding descending subcortical pathways. Preoperative localization of brain tumors and functional brain by various imaging modalities will be discussed. Operative approaches to intrinsic tumors in various locations in the brain will be addressed, including patient positioning and tumor exposure. Functional mapping resection strategies, anesthetic conditions, intraoperative tumor localization, and extent of resection detection will also be defined. Finally, we hope to shed some light on the future use of intrinsic signal oscillations as an entirely different way to intraoperatively map brain functions during the removal of cerebral tumors.
Systematic and Integrative Reviews of the Literature

S earching the literature and synthesizing research findings have always been an aspect of bringing knowledge and science to the bedside for integration into practice. Moreover, the evidencebased practice movement has brought even greater attention to the need to bridge the gap between the science and practice arenas. Yet, at the same time, the amount of information and the number of medical and nursing journals and articles have increased exponentially, and it has become more difficult for the bedside clinician to synthesize all the available literature. As a result, the best evidence may not be guiding care at the bedside even when that is the intent of caregivers using an evidence-based practice framework. Combined, these issues increase the importance of the availability of rigorous literature reviews to those in the practice arena. However, the traditional literature reviews of yesterday are not sufficient for guiding practice today. Traditional literature reviews are limited by unsystematic searching techniques that are not often reported and as such not easily replicated. In addition, there is the potential for author biases in how the search was conducted and how the research findings were synthesized since no systematic process was used to guide the process.1−3 In the past, authors could choose to include a study or not in the review on the basis of the outcome they intended. Finally, contradictory research results may or may not have been included in the discussion of research findings within traditional literature reviews, thus limiting the accuracy of recommendations made for clinical practice changes.1−3
MET Gene Status in Malignant Mesothelioma Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and Cullin 1(CUL1), in mesothelioma cell lines and tissues. Many of these mutations affect pathways, including the Hippo, cell cycle, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless-type (Wnt) pathways. In addition to somatic mutations, several fusion transcripts, such as LATS1–presenilin 1 (PSEN1), were identified. A downstream effect of such fusion was the inability to suppress mesothelioma cell growth in vitro. The cell lines and tissues originated from patients, many of whom reported asbestos exposure (and some who did not might have had residential exposure). Reports in the literature thus far point toward asbestos exposure as the predominant cause of mesothelioma, with susceptibility increased by genetic predisposition. Whether a genetic mutation by itself is sufficient to cause mesothelioma has not been shown, yet. With identification of new candidate genes and clarification of their function in the context of mesothelioma, our understanding of its carcinogenesis will increase even further.
PEC14111 849..850

To the Editors: A lthough bacterial meningitis is not among the top 10 infection types seen in emergency departments (EDs) and requiring hospitalization and antimicrobial treatment, 50% to 80% of cases are in children and etiology varies according to age. For infants younger than 1 month, the most frequently identified pathogens are Streptococcus agalactiae and enterobacteria; Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis becomemore prevalent with age.
PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SEVERITY OF THE CLEFT NOSE DEFORMITY

1276 DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF CLEFT NOSE DEFORMITY The cleft nose deformity has well-described characteristics for both unilateral and bilateral cleft1–4 (Reference 4 Level of Evidence: Diagnostic, IV) (Table 1 and Fig. 1). (See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which displays various nasal deformities, available in the “Related Videos” section of the full-text article on PRSJournal.com or, for Ovid users, at http:// links.lww.com/PRS/A990.) The goal of treatment is to restore symmetry in the unilateral cleft lip nose and to approximate normal anatomy in the bilateral cleft. PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SEVERITY OF THE CLEFT NOSE DEFORMITY To make any accurate determination of the efficacy of the numerous treatment methods currently used, we need a uniform tool that assesses the severity of the initial deformity and provides objective evaluations of the results of treatment.
Mastication in£uences the survival of newly generated cells in mouse dentate gyrus

We examined the e¡ects of soft food and tooth loss on neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus.Four-week-oldmicewere subjected to a powder diet for10 weeks with or without removal of molars. They received a daily injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at14 weeks of age for12 consecutive days.The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of these mice did not di¡er from that of control at 1 day after the last BrdU injection. However, the BrdU-positive cells in these mice showed a larger reduction in number than in control at 5 weeks after the BrdU injection and the ratio of neurons to BrdU-positive cells decreased in the molarless mice. These results suggest that mastication in£uences the survival of newly generated cells in the adult dentate gyrus. NeuroReport 16:249^252 c 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
RAPID COMMUNICATION Sperm Function in Affective Illness

There is evidence for functional changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of patients with affective disorders. Little is known concerning spermatogenesis or sperm function in depressed men. We systematically evaluated the sperm indices in a group of depressed males complaining of diminished libido, and a healthy control group. No differences were noted in sperm parameters between the groups.
145-52; SA June03 Obstetric

Intrathecal opioids, particularly fentanyl and sufentanil, are a popular choice for labor analgesia. The relative potencies of these 2 agents are not known, and a unit dose of sufentanil is difficult to measure accurately because of its relatively high concentration. A study of healthy nulliparous women was conducted to estimate an ED50 for intrathecal fentanyl (using previously reported methodology that estimated the ED50 for intrathecal sufentanil) and to compare similar doses of the two drugs based on ratios estimated from the ED50. The 75 participants were at term gestation, in active labor, and with a cervical dilation of 3–6 cm when requesting labor analgesia. In the first phase of the study, 20 women received varying doses of fentanyl to establish an ED50 for 60 min of labor analgesia. Fifty-five women were then randomized in a double-blind manner to receive either 36 μg intrathecal fentanyl or 8 μg sufentanil (double the ED50 of fentanyl from phase I and double the ED50 of sufentanil from the previous report). Patients were assessed throughout the study for pain relief, side effects, block height, maternal hemodynamics, and fetal heart rate. In phase I, the ED50 of fentanyl was 18.2 μg. No patient had successful analgesia with 15 μg or experienced unsuccessful analgesia with 22.5 μg fentanyl. The potency ratio of intrathecal sufentanil to intrathecal fentanyl at the ED50 level was 4.4:1. Duration of spinal analgesia was markedly longer from intrathecal sufentanil (mean 104 min) than from intrathecal fentanyl (mean 79 min). The fentanyl and sufentanil groups were similar in labor characteristics and in the incidence of maternal side effects. Also similar were the incidences of fetal bradycardia and Apgar scores in the two groups. When used for labor analgesia, the relative potency of intrathecal sufentanil to fentanyl was 4.4:1. Analgesia provided by 8 μg sufentanil lasted approximately 25 min longer than that provided by 36 μg fentanyl. Sufentanil is considerably more costly, however, and carries a greater risk of dosing error.
FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-LABELED GLIOMA CELLS

Accepted, September 6, 2002. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the anti-invasive effect of the anti-matrix metalloproteinase (anti-MMP) agent SI-27 by quantitative tracking of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled human malignant glioma cell lines in a brain slice model. METHODS: Persistent expression of EGFP in human malignant glioma cell clones (U87MG, U251MG, and U373MG) was established with the use of the pEGFP-C1 vector. Tumor spheroid in 1 l Matrigel was implanted into the caudate nucleusputamen of a severe combined immunodeficient mouse brain slice. To allow the quantitative assessment of tumor cell invasion, the invasion area index was measured on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 with a fluorescence stereomicroscope and an image analyzer in the presence of various concentrations of SI-27 (0, 1, 10, 50, or 100 g/ml). RESULTS: In the control group (0 g/ml), all glioma cell lines invaded in a fingerlike fashion and reached the contralateral hemisphere through the corpus callosum. SI-27 at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 g/ml significantly suppressed the invasion area index on Days 5 and 7 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas 1 g/ml had no effect. Transmission electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy indicated that the tumor cells had penetrated the brain slice and that the normal structural integrity of the brain was maintained until Day 7. CONCLUSION: This model enabled unequivocal periodic tracking of individual invading tumor cells in normal brain. The significant suppression of glioma cell invasion by noncytotoxic concentrations of SI-27 indicates that anti-MMP treatment may represent an important future therapeutic strategy for malignant cerebral neoplasms.
Significance of cytogenetic-risk categories and refined international prognostic scoring system for overall survival in primary myelofibrosis: A single-center experience

Abstract Background/Aim. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a chronic, malignant hematological disease characterized by a leucoerythroblastic blood picture, anisopoikilocytosis teardrop- shaped erythrocytes, different degrees of bone marrow fibrosis and hepatosplenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Among genetic specificities of the disease, those that stand out are chromosomal aberrations in pathological, myeloid blood cells. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of clinical, hematologic and cytogenetic parameters in PMF. Methods. A retrospective study included 144 patients with PMF. Karyotypes were analyzed using conventional cytogenetic methods. Results. The chromosome examinations were successful in 126 (88%) patients and failed in the remainder ones (12%). Karyotype was abnormal in 36/126 (29%) subjects at presentation. The most frequent changes included +9, 13q- and 20q- (28%). Other abnormalities were: aberrations of chromosome 18 and 16, deletions (9q-, 12p-, 7q-, 5q-, 6q-, 8q-), trisomies (+1q, +8, +10, +21), monosomies (-7, -11), 3q inversion and loss of Y chromosome. We detected four novel balanced translocations in PMF: t(17;22)(q11;q13), t(15;17)(q22;q25), t(9;12)(q22;q24) and t(2;4)(q21;p16), one constitutional translocation-rob(13;14)(q10;q10) and some new karyotype anomalies ? deletion of both homologues, hyperdiploidy and the coexistence of unrelated pathological clones. Conclusion. Chromosomal aberrations had a significant influence on overall survival of patients with PMF according to the refined cytogenetic-risk of the International Prognostic Scoring System (Refined CIPSS) (p = 0.004). Our patients matched the pattern of chromosome aberrations usually observed in PMF but some newly registered, balanced translocations and other rare karyotype anomalies were recorded as well.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SCANS

Accepted, May 3, 2005 OBJECTIVE: The tentorial notch can be contained within a transversal line made in front of the cerebral peduncles and another line through the posterior border of the quadrigeminal plate into the anterior, middle and posterior parts. Different approaches to the tentorial incisura have been established. The subtemporal approach represents one of those options. Since morphometrical analyses of this approach in this region have not yet been performed, the aim of the present study was to measure the surgical corridor along these borders. METHODS: Fifty-three magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echosequences of individual brains without pathological lesions were analyzed. For this study, an axial section along the pontomesencephalic sulcus and two coronal sections along the above-described borders were measured using a program specially written by one of the coauthors to obtain various parameters. A triangle circumscribing the surgical corridor was delimited by exactly defined anatomic landmarks for the coronal section, and the depths of the temporal lobe at the incisural borders were measured for the axial section. RESULTS: Various data are given concerning the surgical corridor of a subtemporal approach to the tentorial incisura. The different shapes of this corridor to the incisural region were recorded. According to our measurements, four different types of the temporal lobe could be differentiated. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of these distances and various contours of the path is crucial to avoid brain damage during retraction or manipulation. The curvature of the floor of the middle cranial fossa is highly variable and thus determines the surgical path chosen.
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE: FROM PROTEIN KINASE C TO PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE

Accepted, June 17, 2002. OBJECTIVE: Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a role in vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage with a “two-hemorrhage” canine model until Day 7. However, clinical vasospasm continues during the course of 2 weeks. This study sought to clarify whether the contractile property of cerebral arteries might change in prolonged vasospasm. METHODS: In this model, angiography was not performed until Day 14. The maximal contracting response induced by high K was measured by using basilar arteries on Days 1, 7, and 14 in an isometric tension study. After stretching arteries equivalent to angiographic diameter, papaverine-sensitive (myogenic) and papaverine-insensitive (nonmyogenic) tones of the developed tension were also measured. On nonmyogenic tone, the effect of genistein, a specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), was examined. The PKC and PTK activities in basilar arteries were measured from Day 1 to Day 14. RESULTS: Angiographic vasospasm on Day 14 was equivalent to that on Day 7. However, the maximum contractile response on Day 14 was significantly decreased compared with Day 7. Myogenic tone was significantly decreased, and the effect of genistein on nonmyogenic tone was significantly increased on Day 14 compared with Day 7. The activity of PKC on Day 14 declined to the Day 1 level, whereas that of PTK was enhanced from Day 7 and persisted until Day 14. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that stiffness of the arterial wall increased and that the contractile property of the artery shifted from active myogenic tone to nonmyogenic tone, from PKC to PTK, with prolonged vasospasm.
MRI di¡usion coe⁄cients in spinal cord correlate with axon morphometry

Following spinal cord injury, di¡usion MRI (DWI) has been shown to detect injury and functionally signi¢cant neuroprotection following treatment that otherwise would go undetected with conventional MRI. The underlying histologic correlates to directional apparent di¡usion coe⁄cients (ADC) obtained with DWI have not been determined, however, and we address this issue by directly correlating ADC values with corresponding axon morphometry in the normal rat cervical spinal cord. ADC values transverse (perpendicular) and longitudinal (parallel) to axonsboth correlate with axon counts, however each directional ADC re£ects distinct histologic parameters. DWI may therefore be capable of providing speci¢c histologic data regarding the integrity of whitematter. NeuroReport16:73^76 c 2005 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.
Neurosurgery 1992-98 March 1992, Volume 30, Number 3 358 Therapeutic Trial of Cerebral Vasospasm with the Serine Protease Inhibitor, FUT-175, Administered in the Acute Stage after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The therapeutic effect of the synthetic serine protease inhibitor, FUT-175, on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was investigated. Twenty-three patients with severe SAH who were admitted between February and July 1990 and who underwent surgery within 48 hours of the initial aneurysmal rupture were treated with an intravenous administration of FUT-175 soon after the operation. The patients were divided randomly into three groups, each receiving a different dose of FUT175 (Group A, 20 mg every 12 hours for 4 days; Group B, 20 mg every 6 hours for 4 days, Group C, 40 mg every 6 hours for 4 days). The results were compared with another group of twenty-two patients with severe SAH who were admitted before February 1990 and received equivalent treatment, except they were not treated with FUT-175. In 64% of all the patients treated with FUT-175 (Groups A, B, C), and in 85% of those treated with higher doses of FUT-175 (Groups B and C), there was no spasm or only mild vasospasm on the angiogram. The incidence of a delayed ischemic neurological deficit significantly decreased from 55% in the control group to 13% in all patients treated with FUT-175 and to 7% in the patients treated with higher doses ( P < 0.05). The incidence of cerebral infarction resulting from vasospasm significantly decreased from 43% in the control group to 9% in patients treated with FUT-175. In the patients treated with higher doses of FUT-175 (Groups B and C), none developed cerebral infarction. The outcome 1 month after SAH also significantly improved in patients treated with FUT175. The patients with a good outcome accounted for 67% of the patients treated with FUT-175, as compared with 35% in the control group. The patients with a poor outcome accounted for only 9% of patients treated with FUT-175, as compared with 36% in the control group. These figures were much more satisfactory in the patients treated with higher doses of FUT-175, i.e., 71% of the patients had a good outcome and none had a poor outcome. FUT-175 is a promising drug for preventing cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficit after SAH. Additional controlled studies with larger numbers of patients are necessary.
The Activation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Is Affected by Microbial Diversity and Riboflavin Utilization in vitro

Recent research has demonstrated that MAIT cells are activated by individual bacterial or yeasts species that possess the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway. However, little is known about the MAIT cell activating potential of microbial communities and the contribution of individual community members. Here, we analyze the MAIT cell activating potential of a human intestinal model community (SIHUMIx) as well as intestinal microbiota after bioreactor cultivation. We determined the contribution of individual SIHUMIx community members to the MAIT cell activating potential and investigated whether microbial stress can influence their MAIT cell activating potential. The MAIT cell activating potential of SIHUMIx was directly related to the relative species abundances in the community. We therefore suggest an additive relationship between the species abundances and their MAIT cell activating potential. In diverse microbial communities, we found that a low MAIT cell activating potential was associated with high microbial diversity and a high level of riboflavin demand and vice versa. We suggest that microbial diversity might affect MAIT cell activation via riboflavin utilization within the community. Microbial acid stress significantly reduced the MAIT cell activating potential of SIHUMIx by impairing riboflavin availability through increasing the riboflavin demand. We show that MAIT cells can perceive microbial stress due to changes in riboflavin utilization and that riboflavin availability might also play a central role for the MAIT cell activating potential of diverse microbiota.