Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory geostatistical designs for spatial prediction taking account of uncertain covariance structure

The problem of choosing spatial sampling designs for investigating an unobserved spatial phenomenon S arises in many contexts, for example, in identifying households to select for a prevalence survey to study disease burden and heterogeneity in a study region D . We studied randomized inhibitory spatial sampling designs to address the problem of spatial prediction while taking account of the need to estimate covariance structure. Two specific classes of design are inhibitory designs and inhibitory designs plus close pairs. In an inhibitory design, any pair of sample locations must be separated by at least an inhibition distance δ. In an inhibitory plus close pairs design, n − k sample locations in an inhibitory design with inhibition distance δ are augmented by k locations each positioned close to one of the randomly selected n − k locations in the inhibitory design, uniformly distributed within a disk of radius ζ. We present simulation results for the Matérn class of covariance structures. When the nugget variance is non‐negligible, inhibitory plus close pairs designs demonstrate improved predictive efficiency over designs without close pairs. We illustrate how these findings can be applied to the design of a rolling Malaria Indicator Survey that forms part of an ongoing large‐scale, 5‐year malaria transmission reduction project in Malawi.
Genetic variation in the population of three Polish cattle breeds included into the programme of genetic resources protection and Holstein-Friesian breed, estimation on the basis of polymorphism of 24 microsatellite DNA sequences

The study focused on determining and characterizing genetic variation of three Polish cattle breeds [Whiteback (WB), Polish Red (PR) and Polish Black-and-White (PBW)] included in the programme of genetic resources conservation. The obtained results were related to the genetic variation within the Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed of Black-and-White variety. Overall, 214 alleles were identified within four examined breeds, including 189 in WB, 178 in PR, 168 in PBW and 158 in PHF. Almost 13% of the identified alleles were the specific ones and the majority of them were determined within WB and PR cattle, 10 alleles in each breed. The greatest genetic distance of 0.013 was established between PR breed and PHF. PR and WB cattle were located in the same clad of neighbour-joining tree which proves their distinction from PBW and PHF cattle.
Study the Effect of Micronutrient Application on Yield and Yield Components of Maize

The aims of this study was evaluated the effectiveness of different fertilizer treatment on yield and yield components of maize cultivar single cross 704. This study was carried in the Research Farms of Faculty Agricultural, Islamic Azad University in Saveh branch by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications and 10 different fertilizer treatments was applied as foliar spray and soil application. In this study some characters such as plant height, grain yield and yield components included number of grain rows per ear, number of grians per row, ear weight and ear diameter were measured. All measured traits were influence of different fertilizer treatment, so that the highest grain yield was observed in M treatment (foliar spray of 2
Biomass and species structure of the phytoplankton of an high mountain lake (Lake Paione Superiore, Central Alps, Italy)

In the framework of the EU MOLAR Project on “Measuring and modelling the dynamic response of remote mountain lake ecosystems to environmental change” a three whole-year study (1996-1998) on the composition and dynamics of phytoplankton community of the high mountain lake, acid sensitive Lago Paione Superiore (LPS) was carried out. The data were analyzed and compared with those gathered during the years 1991-1993. The phytoplankton was made up by nanoplanktonic unicellular algae, the only exception being the colonial Dinobryon sertularia. Just four species, belonging to Chrysophyceae (Chromulina sp., Dinobryon sertularia and Mallomonas alveolata) and to Dinophyceae (Gymnodinium sp.) were important as biomass and density, and they were always present throughout the year. The prevalence of potentially mixotrophic species suggests an adaptive strategy to the low environmental concentrations of inorganic carbon and phosphorus. The seasonal variations of the total biomass were similar to those observed in the previous years. The total number of species has increased; this could be related with the recent increase of the pH and of the alkalinity.
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase γ required for LPS-induced transepithelial neutrophil trafficking in the lung

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is a critical mediator of directional cell movement. Here, we sought to characterize the role of PI3Kγ in mediating the different steps of PMN trafficking in the lung. In a murine model of LPS-induced lung injury, PMN migration into the different lung compartments was determined in PI3Kγ gene-deficient (PI3Kγ−/−) and wildtype mice. Bone marrow chimeras were created to characterize the role of PI3Kγ on hematopoietic vs. non-hematopoietic cells. A small molecule PI3Kγ inhibitor was tested in vitro and in vivo. PMN adhesion to the pulmonary endothelium and transendothelial migration into the lung interstitium was enhanced in PI3Kγ−/− mice. However, transepithelial migration into the alveolar space was reduced in these mice. When irradiated PI3Kγ−/− mice were reconstituted with bone marrow from wildtype mice, migratory activity into the alveolar space was restored partially. A small molecule PI3Kγ inhibitor reduced chemokine-induced PMN migration in vitro when PMNs or epithelial cells but not when endothelial cells were treated. The inhibitor also reduced LPS-induced PMN migration in vivo. We conclude that PI3Kγ is required for transepithelial but not for transendothelial migration in LPSinduced lung injury. Inhibition of PI3Kγ activity may be effective at curbing excessive PMN infiltration in lung injury.
Using dust as probes to determine sheath extent and structure

Two in situ experimental methods are presented in which dust particles are used to determine the extent of the sheath and gain information about the time-averaged electric force profile within a radio frequency (RF) plasma sheath. These methods are advantageous because they are not only simple and quick to carry out, but they also can be performed using standard dusty plasma experimental equipment. In the first method, dust particles are tracked as they fall through the plasma towards the lower electrode. These trajectories are then used to determine the electric force on the particle as a function of height as well as the extent of the sheath. In the second method, dust particle levitation height is measured across a wide range of RF voltages. Similarities were observed between the two experiments, but in order to understand the underlying physics behind these observations, the same conditions were replicated using a self-consistent fluid model. Through comparison of the fluid model and experimental results, it is shown that the particles exhibiting a levitation height that is independent of RF voltage indicate the sheath edge – the boundary between the quasineutral bulk plasma and the sheath. Therefore, both of these simple and inexpensive, yet effective, methods can be applied across a wide range of experimental parameters in any ground-based RF plasma chamber to gain useful information regarding the sheath, which is needed for interpretation of dusty plasma experiments.
Relationships between MDR proteins, bacteriocin production and proteolysis in Lactococcus lactis

The Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis can harbour a wide variety of circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules, so-called plasmids. Many of the traits that make them useful for manufacturing of fermented food products (e.g. bacteriophage resistance, bacteriocin and proteinase production, lactose utilization and sucrose degradation) are plasmid encoded. Strain L. lactis BGMN1-5, an isolate from home made semi-hard cheese, possesses multiple plasmids with several interesting traits . Zie: Chapter 7
Analysis of and Modeling for Emergency Medical Services Facility Location for Road Accidents on Highway

This paper analyses the accident-prone regions along the 94.5km stretch of Mumbai-Pune express highway to determine optimal base locations for dispatching Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The study was driven by an increasing concern over the rise in accident fatalities on the expressway, and the alarming inadequacy of ambulance services. Our research aims to determine the optimal emergency medical service (EMS) facility locations to address the needs generated by accidents on expressways with heavy flowing traffic. Expressways present the unique problem of being isolated from hospitals and trauma centers located within cities, as well as practical constraints in turning vehicles around due to unidirectional heavy flow of traffic. We have used the mean shift algorithm of machine learning to determine clusters along with their centers. We further employed the minimax facility location model for rectilinear distances to determine a second base location within the primary clusters. The purpose of the secondary base locations is to supplement the primary EMS locations and distribute the load to ensure that the dispatched ambulances reach the accident spot in 8 minutes. The proposed model combines a traditional approach with a machine learning algorithm to produce faster output.
Privileged Data Reclamation for Distributed Disruption - Tolerant Networks

Cipher text-policy attribute based encryption (CPABE) provides an encrypted access control instrument for propagation messages. Basically, a sender encrypts a message with an access control policy tree which is rationally composed of attributes; receivers are able to decrypt the message when their attributes satisfy the policy tree. A user’s attributes stand for the properties that he current has. It is necessary for a user to keep his attributes up-to-date. However, this is not easy in CP-ABE because whenever one attribute changes, the entire private key, which is based on all the attributes, must be changed. In this paper, we introduce fading function, which renders attributes ”dynamic” and allows us to update each one of them separately. We study how choosing fading rate for fading function affects the efficiency and security. We also compare our design with CP-ABE and find our scheme performs significantly better under certain circumstance. Keywords- Cipher Text Policy; Attribute Based Encryption
A Fisher consistent multiclass loss function with variable margin on positive examples

The authors acknowledge the referees' comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. This research is based upon work supported in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via the Federal Bureau of Investigations, Finance Division. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of ODNI, IARPA, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. I.R-L acknowledges partial support by Spain's grants TIN2013-42351-P (MINECO) and S2013/ICE-2845 CASI-CAM-CM (Comunidad de Madrid). The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of the facilities of Centro de Computacion Cientifica (CCC) at Universidad Autonoma de Madrid.
How Much Discretion for Risk Regulation ? 1

We analyze the optimal degree of discretion left by Congress to an Agency which regulates firms that undertake socially risky activities. These firms can reduce the probability of an accident by carrying out a nonverifiable level of safety care. Congress and the Agency may have different pro-industry biases. The Agency can tailor discretionary policies to its expert knowledge on potential harm inflicted on third-parties, but implements regulatory policies which are too “pro-industry”. The optimal degree of discretion trades off these two effects. Although the Agency should be given full discretion in the absence of moral hazard in safety care, partial (and sometimes no) discretion is preferred when moral hazard requires that liability rents be given up to regulated firms. Less significant conflict of interest between Congress and the Agency, more uncertain distributions of damages in the sense of Blackwell, or “higher” damages are political and economic conditions that increase the Agency’s optimal level of discretion. We also study how this degree of discretion changes under uncertainty on the Agency’s preferences, and when the head of this Agency is strategically appointed by the Executive.
CHAPTER Docking of the GTP-metabolites of immunosuppressive drug azathioprine reveals an inhibitory Rac 1 binding site

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Multi agent gathering waste system

Along this paper, we present a new multi agent-based system to gather waste on cities and villages. We have developed a low cost wireless sensor prototype to measure the volume level of the containers. Furthermore a route system is developed to optimize the routes of the trucks and a mobile application has been developed to help drivers in their working days. In order to evaluate and validate the proposed system a practical case study in a real city environment is modeled using open data available and with the purpose of identifying limitations of the system.
Determination of the carrot (Daucus carota L.) yields parameters by vermicompost and earthworms (Eisenia foetida)

The impact of different types of vermicomposts as well as different species and genera of earthworms on the quantity of the cultivated crops yield has been studied for decades. There is scarce information about the effects of these factors on the quality of plant production. One of the qualitative parameters of vegetables, to which a special attention is paid, is the content of antioxidants (vitamin C, total polyphenols and other substances). The pot experiment carried out in the vegetation cage studied: A) the influence of soil itself, soil mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 4:1; B) the influence of earthworms number (genus Eisenia foetida, 10 and 20 individuals per pot) supplied to soil mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 4:1 on the weight of radish roots and leaves, to the total chlorophylls content in leaves, to the selected qualitative parameters of the roots and leaves (vitamin C, total polyphenols content, total antioxidant activity). The results showed that the supplementation of vermicompost into soil increased the content of the total chlorophylls in leaves. The carrot roots and leaves yield has also been risen. In the roots the content of vitamin C and content of total polyphenols (TPC) was decreased and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) dropped, too. The increased content of vitamin C and TPC was detected in leaves. The inoculation of soil containing vermicompost by earthworms increased the root yield and TAA in roots. It increased the content of vitamin C and TPC in leaves. From the viewpoint of antioxidant content (vitamin C and total polyphenols) the leaves are more attractive than a root.
A Multiple-Horizon Search for the Role of Trade and Financial Factors in Bilateral Real Exchange Rate Volatility

This study investigates the sources of bilateral real exchange rate (RER) volatility in industrial countries. Going beyond traditional macroeconomic determinants, we identify the role of both tradeand finance-related factors in explaining RER volatility at different time horizons. The results suggest that RER volatility tends to increase with financial openness and with transport costs but decrease with trade openness and with financial depth. Moreover, the time horizon matters. Financial factors (financial openness and financial depth) are found to influence RER volatility at primarily short horizons, while trade-related factors (trade openness and transport costs) contribute significantly also to RER volatility at much longer horizons. The relative importance of traditional macroeconomic fundamentals and these trade- and finance-related factors can vary considerably across horizons.
CONSTRUING IN THE POLITICAL REALM - REFLECTIONS ON THE POWER OF A THEORY

At first glance, the range of convenience of personal construct theory does not necessarily include the world of politics which seems to be shaped by forces that are often beyond the scope of individuals’ agency. However, Don Bannister quoted George Kelly as opting for politics as a field where he would like personal construct theory to go, Kelly himself travelled around the world in 1961, interviewing psychologists about their life in their respective countries, and lately ‘constructivism’ has become one of the theories applied in international relations. Therefore it seems worthwhile to take a fresh look at ‘PCP and the world’ and the chances of political action informed by personal construct theory.
The mechanism of action of a novel neuroprotective low molecular weight dextran sulphate: New platform therapy for neurodegenerative diseases like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases represent an immense socioeconomic burden that drives the need for new disease modifying drugs. Common pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases are evident, suggesting that a platform neuroprotective therapy may offer effective treatments. Here we present evidence for the mode of pharmacological action of a novel neuroprotective low molecular weight dextran sulphate drug called ILB®. The working hypothesis was that ILB® acts via the activation of heparin-binding growth factors (HBGF). Methods: Pre-clinical and clinical (healthy people and patients with ALS) in vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the mode of action of ILB®. In vitro binding studies, functional assays and gene expression analyses were followed by the assessment of the drug effects in an animal model of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) using gene expression studies followed by functional analysis. Clinical data, to assess the hypothesized mode of action, are also presented from early phase clinical trials. Results: ILB® lengthened APTT time, acted as a competitive inhibitor for HGF-Glypican-3 binding, effected pulse release of heparin-binding growth factors (HBGF) into the circulation and modulated growth factor signaling pathways. Gene expression analysis demonstrated substantial similarities in the functional dysregulation induced by sTBI and various human neurodegenerative conditions and supported a cascading effect of ILB® on growth factor activation, followed by gene expression changes with profound beneficial effect on molecular and cellular functions affected by these diseases. The transcriptional signature of ILB® relevant to cell survival, inflammation, glutamate signaling, metabolism and synaptogenesis, are consistent with the activation of neuroprotective growth factors as was the ability of ILB® to elevate circulating levels of HGF in animal models and humans. Conclusion: ILB® releases, redistributes and modulates the bioactivity of HBGF that target disease compromised nervous tissues to initiate a cascade of transcriptional, metabolic and immunological effects that control glutamate toxicity, normalize tissue bioenergetics, and resolve inflammation to improve tissue function. This unique mechanism of action mobilizes and modulates naturally occurring tissue repair mechanisms to restore cellular homeostasis and function. The identified pharmacological impact of ILB® supports the potential to treat various acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease, including sTBI and ALS.
Doppler tomography of the asynchronous polar BY Camelopardalis

We present phase-resolved, high-resolution (1.3 A) spectroscopy of the brightest near-synchronous polar BY Cam taken on two different occasions in 1998 and 1999. The first tomographic study of such a system reveals line emission spread out over a large velocity range forming a crescent at negative vy velocities in the Doppler maps. In contrast to the majority of synchronous AM Her systems there is only weak indication for the presence of a focused accretion stream. These two facts suggest that the majority of the matter is accreted via an extended curtain. Location and extent of the structure in the Doppler maps can be reproduced with a simple curtain model raised over a wide (∼180 ◦ ) range in azimuth implying that the ballistic stream stretches to a point far behind the white dwarf. In order to reach such small magnetospheric radii mass accretion rates a factor of 10 to 20 in excess of that normally seen in polars would be required. In addition to the curtain emission, the Balmer lines show a narrow emission line component likely originating from the heated side of the secondary star. Its velocity amplitude of
NSGA-II for biological graph compression

Examinations of a common biological reference organism, (E. coli), demonstrate that NSGA-II is able to provide a series of compressions at various ratios, allows a biologist to examine the organism’s connective networks with a measure of certainty of connectiveness. This is due to a novel method of scoring the similarity of the compressed network to the origional during the graph’s creation based on the number of false links added to the graph during the compression method.
Computational design of nanophotonic structures using an adaptive finite element method

We consider the problem of the construction of the nanophotonic structures of arbitrary geometry with prescribed desired properties. We reformulate this problem as an optimization problem for the Tikhonov functional which is minimized on adaptively locally refined meshes. These meshes are refined only in places where the nanophotonic structure should be designed. Our special symmetric mesh refinement procedure allows the construction of different nanophotonic structures. We illustrate efficiency of our adaptive optimization algorithm on the construction of nanophotonic structure in two dimensions.
On the Effect of Using Games Songs and Stories on Young Iranian EFL Learners Achievement

The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the influence of instructional tools, namely, games, songs and stories on young Iranian EFL learners’ achievement utilizing a quantitative design. To conduct the study 65 Iranian EFL learners, divided into an experimental group and a control group, learning English at Navid English Institute, Shiraz, Iran, participated in the study. The data were collected through two instruments: a pre/post- achievement test, and audio-recorded interviews, both designed by the researchers. The data obtained from the administration of the test and the interviews were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests and the findings were compared to describe the influence of employing instructional games, songs and stories on participants’ achievement. Findings drawn from the analysis of data revealed that the implementation of pedagogical tools used in the study can significantly affect the learners’ language achievement, realized through their listening, speaking, and writing ability and their vocabulary and grammar.