Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification key for lycophytes and ferns from the Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia Nuclei, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil

This work contributes to the knowledge of the fern and lycophytes diversity in the Picinguaba and Santa Virginia Nuclei, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as to provide subsidies to identification of the found taxa in these areas. In total, 30 collecting expeditions were conducted and the vouchers were deposited at UEC Herbarium. We have identified 135 species distributed in 53 genera and 19 families for both areas. The most representative families were Polypodiaceae (28 species) and Dryopteridaceae (19 species), whereas Asplenium (12 species), Blechnum and Elaphoglossum (8 species each) were the most important genera. Epiphytic species predominated (62 overall), probably due to the presence of favorable habitats. Among the taxa, 41 are considered endemic from Brazil, 35 of them endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Five species are classified as vulnerable according to the “Official list of endangered species in the State of Sao Paulo”: Elaphoglossum macahense (Fee) Rosenst. , Anetium citrifolium (L.) Splitg. , Asplenium muellerianum Rosenst. , Cyathea glaziovii (Fee) Domin, and Thelypteris angustifolia (Willd.) Proctor, which emphasizes the importance of preservation areas such as the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. An identification key has been elaborated to help with the recognition of these groups in Picinguaba and Santa Virginia Nuclei.
Phytochemistry, Antioxidant, and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition of the Essential Oils of Lavandula Officinalis L. in Iran

ABSTRACT The aim of present study was to evaluation the antioxidant potential of Lavandula officinalis on the basis of the chemical compositions of oils obtained by hydrodistillation. In the case of L. officinalis, 13 compounds were identified representing the 96.53% of the total oil. The major constituents of the oil were described as α-pinene (20.14%), camphor (14.36%), menthol (32.51%), and 1,8-cineole (20.14%). The oils were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. 1,8-Cineole and menthol showed appreciable antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. Antioxidant activity guided fractionation of the oil was carried out by The TLC-bioautography screening and fractionation resulted in the separation of the main antioxidant compound which were identified as 1,8-cineole (48%) and menthol (39%).
Overexpression of Elafin in Ovarian Carcinoma Is Driven by Genomic Gains and Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB Pathway and Is Associated with Poor

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in women. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether whey acidic protein (WAP) genes on chromosome 20q13.12, a region frequently amplified in this cancer, are expressed in serous carcinoma, the most common form of the disease. Herein, we report that a trio of WAP genes (HE4, SLPI, and Elafin) is overexpressed and secreted by serous ovarian carcinomas. To our knowledge, this is the first report linking Elafin to ovarian cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of primary tumors demonstrates genomic gains of the Elafin locus in a majority of cases. In addition, a combination of peptidomimetics, RNA interference, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments shows that Elafin expression can be transcriptionally upregulated by inflammatory cytokines through activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway. Importantly, using a clinically annotated tissue microarray composed of late-stage, high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas, we show that Elafin expression correlates with poor overall survival. These results, combined with our observation that Elafin is secreted by ovarian tumors and is minimally expressed in normal tissues, suggest that Elafin may serve as a determinant of poor survival in this disease.
Development of Primer Sets for the Detection of Polygonum multiflorum, Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum

ABSTRACT - The aim of this study was to develop rapid screening method for the identification of Chineseherbal medicine species with similar appearance, Polygonum multiflorum, Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum,by using genetic markers. As a genetic marker, psbA-trnH gene in chloroplast was selected due to differences insequence among the three species. Species-specific primers were designed based on the sequences of the marker geneof P. multiflorum, C. wilfordii, and C. auriculatum, and the expected size of PCR products was 160, 147, and 119 bp,respectively. Under the developed conditions, cross-reaction was not detected among these three plant species. Toconfirm the efficiency of our species-specific primers, the optimized method was applied to a variety of processedproducts composed of mostly P. multiflorum and C. wilfordii, demonstrating that our method was a rapid and easyscreening assay. Our findings suggest this screening method can be utilized to prevent the distribution of economicallymotivated adulteration food and to improve consumer's right.Key words : species-specific primer, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), adulterated food
Estudos fitoquímico dos constituintes voláteis e fixos de Piper hispidum SW. e avaliação in vitro da atividade leishmanicida e antiplasmodial

Dissertacao apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtencao do titulo de Mestre em Biologia Experimental, na area: Parasitologia com enfase na relacao patogeno/hospedeiro do Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Biologia Experimental. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Valdir Alves Facundo
Influence of habitat patchiness on diversity patterns of a habitat specialist plant community

Gil-L opez, M.J. (manueljesus.gil@uca.es), Segarra-Moragues, J.G. (j.gabriel.segarra@uv.es), Ojeda, F. (corresponding author, fernando.ojeda@uca.es) Departamento de Biolog ıa-IVAGRO, Universidad de C adiz, Campus R ıo San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain; Departamento de Biolog ıa Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biol ogicas, Universitat de Val encia, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain Abstract
Identification Of Plant Viruses Methods And Experiments

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Identification of Streptomyces sp-MWS1 Producing Antibacterial Compounds

An actinomycete, designated Streptomyces sp-MWS1, was isolated from mangrove ecosystem soil in the eastern coast of Surabaya. This organism was capable of producing a series of antibiotics that strongly inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, culture morphological and physiological characteristics of the isolated strain, Streptomyces sp-MWS1 were compared to other reference strains belong to Streptomyces species. The analysis of nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA indicated similarity binary 98% with Streptomyces species.
An assessment of animal welfare for the culling of peri-urban kangaroos

Abstract Context. Shooting is used to reduce the abundance of kangaroo (Macropus sp.) populations in many peri-urban areas in Australia, but there is uncertainty surrounding the animal welfare outcomes of this practice. Aim. We assessed the animal welfare outcomes of night shooting for peri-urban eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). We quantified the duration of stress for: (1) shot animals; (2) euthanased pouch young; and (3) other animals in the same social group. Methods. An independent observer collected thermal imagery data, enabling four key animal welfare parameters to be quantified: instantaneous death rate, median time to death, wounding rate and flight duration of conspecifics. The duration between pouch removal and insensibility was recorded for pouch young. Post-mortem data were recorded to confirm the location and extent of pathology from shooting. Key results. Of the 136 kangaroos that were shot at, two were missed. The wounding rate was zero, with a 98% instantaneous death rate. The median time to death for the three animals not killed instantaneously was 12 s. For pouch young considered sentient, the median stress time was 4 s. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the median flight duration of conspecifics was 5 s. Conclusions. Our results indicate that night shooting produces a very short duration of stress to shot kangaroos, their pouch young and their conspecifics. Implications. When compared to other wildlife shooting methods, night shooting is a humane method for culling peri-urban kangaroos.
Spatial organization of neural activity in a premotor area involved in song production in songbirds investigated using two-photon calcium imaging

Sensorimotor learning is characterized by the refinement of motor programs through sensory input. Local functional and structural organization of neural networks might play a key role in the modifications taking place in periods of sensorimotor learning. An outstanding study system of sensorimotor learning are songbirds. Songbirds produce complex learned vocalizations. A notable part of the songbirds brain participates in processing auditory information and also in learning and producing the songbirds song. A key premotor brain area involved in song production is HVC (used as a proper name) in the posterior dorsal pallium. HVC neurons are not only involved in motor control, they also receive auditory input and shows remarkable auditory response properties mirroring the activity during song production. Despite the rather specific functional description of this critical brain area on a single cell level, gained mainly by electrophysiology, we lack understanding about its structural and functional organization on the level of local populations of cells. Combining in-vivo imaging with functional dyes recently proved to be a promising approach to study the functional and structural organization of populations of neurons. In songbirds however, no report of the successfull application of this approach has been published up to date. In this PhD we developed a protocol that allows to optically monitor neural activity from a local population of identified HVC cells in an anesthetized and head-fixed zebra finch. Using a synthetic calcium indicator we measured spontaneous activity and auditory evoked responses by the application of two-photon microscopy. We found our data to reproduce results reported from electrophysiology experiments. Additionally we investigated the local stimulus dependent correlation structure and by doing so extended our knowledge of local HVC activity patterns. Furthermore we present additional experiments conducted to advance functional in-vivo imaging methods in zebra finches: We studied the use of genetically expressed calcium indicator proteins (GECIPs) in zebra finches and found expression of one particular indicator protein at very low levels. Finally we successfully trained birds for head fixation and head-fixed singing.
Siphonophores in fjords and channels in southern Patagonia: biodiversity, spatial distribution and environmental association

This study characterizes the abundance and spatial distribution of siphonophores between the Trinidad Channel (50°06′S) and the Strait of Magellan (52°45′S) in southern Chile, during October–November 2009. Ten species were identified, of which Agalma elegans, Rosacea plicata and Sphaeronectes fragilis are new records for this region. Dominant species showed similar dominance values e.g. Lensia conoidea (26.3%), Dimophyes arctica (24.6%), Lensia meteori (22.2%) and Muggiaea atlantica (20.7%). Eudoxids of L. conoidea and D. arctica represented 97.3% of all eudoxids collected and they were mainly collected in estuarine waters. The highest densities were found in estuarine waters (high vertical stratification and low temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen values). On the other hand, the lowest densities were found in coastal areas influenced by permanent influx of Sub-Antarctic waters from the Pacific (greater instability and vertical mixing, higher temperatures, salinity and dissolved oxygen values). Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the most important environmental variables. In general, all the dominant species showed a positive association with temperature and a negative association with dissolved oxygen (with the exception of L. meteori). The vertical distribution showed that M. atlantica was mainly distributed in the first 50 m, in association with estuarine waters, while L. conoidea, L. meteori and D. arctica were mainly found in the deeper layer (50–200 m) and in association with modified Sub-Antarctic waters. The comparison of the results obtained in the springs of 1996 and 2009 showed a significant increase in abundance.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the marine polychaete: Hediste diadroma (Phyllodocida, Nereididae)

Abstract The mitogenome sequence of a polychaete Hediste diadroma (Phyllodocida, Nereididae) was determined first in the genus Hediste. The circular genome is 15,765bp in size including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA of which the order and structure is same as those of other Nereididae species. All PCGs use ATG as the start codon while for the stop codon, COI, ND5 and ND1 use an incomplete codon of T. The genome consists of 32.4% A, 18.2% C, 14.2% G, 35.2% T, showing a high content of A + T similar to the other Phyllodocid polychaetes.
Water-soluble and organic extracts of ambient PM2.5 in Tehran air: assessment of genotoxic effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549) by the Comet assay

Abstract The main aim of the present study is to investigate the physicochemical characterization of water-soluble extract (WS) and organic extract (OE) of PM2.5 ambient in Tehran city air in order to evaluate the genotoxicity effects and the potential attribution to these effects. The lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to WS and OE, while Comet assays were conducted to analyze the genotoxicity. The results show that the amount of DNA damage in WS fraction and solvent-extractable organic samples is significantly higher than the control group and the increase in concentration significantly contributes to increase in the amount of DNA damage.
Regenerative Therapy for Equine Osteoarthritis: A Concise Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of lameness in equine and a potential cause of wastage of valuable animals. Furthermore, horse is the ideal large animal model for the preclinical study of cell-based therapy in human joints. In contrast to the drug therapy, regenerative therapy promotes the body’s own healing, restoring the structural architecture and biomechanical function of the injured tissue. Therefore, regenerative therapy field in veterinary medicine continues to evolve rapidly both experimentally and clinically. As the field of regenerative therapy continues to advance, equine practitioners need contemporary information regarding the choice of regenerative biologic type and recommendations regarding clinical implementation of regenerative therapies. Meanwhile, clinicians must also be aware of the limitation in the available knowledge regarding regenerative therapy and the impending regulatory laws that may limit its use in clinical joint diseases in equine. Although, preliminary data generated from clinical trials in human patients and experimental studies in equine osteoarthritis are encouraging, preliminary data have been published about very limited clinical application of regenerative therapies in horses suffering from clinical joint disease and the commercialization of these treatments may be premature. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimum conditions for harvest, culture and expansion of these biologics, appropriate dosing, optimal delivery method, short and long term safety. This review describes the three main biologics used for regenerative therapy, namely; stem cells, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Autologous Conditioned Serum (ACS) and draws together research findings from in vitro and in vivo studies to give an overview of current regenerative therapies for treatment of osteoarthritis in equine.
Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate genotypes in Greece

Fruit quality attributes and antioxidants contents were compared among 11 Greek pomegranate genotypes and the foreign cultivars Wonderful, Akko and Hicaznar, established in two collections in the northern Greece. The heaviest fruit were harvested by Wonderful (474 g), 11021 (400 g), Hicaznar (316 g), and T9 and T10 (mean 366 g). Kallisti had the greatest aril weight (0.472 ±0.015 g), whereas Wonderful had the lowest aril weight (0.260 ±0.025 g). The greatest edible portion percentage (62.3%) and juice percent- age (44.7%) were found in the genotype 11019. Total soluble solid content ranged between 15.7% (Kallisti) and 18.3% (11019), and total acid content ranged between 4.8 (Hicaznar) and 22.4 g L -1 (Wonderful). The genotypes T9 and T10 contained the highest total phenol and ascorbate equivalent antioxidant capacity, which were comparable with Hicaznar and Wonderful. Total anthocyanin contents were lower in the Greek, compared with the foreign cultivars. In conclusion Kallisti is a worthy genotype in respect to having relatively great aril weight, fruit size and being soft seeded, and therefore it should be considered for fresh consump- tion. The genotype 11019 could be worthy for an industrial point due to its high juice content.
Quantitative Phytochemical Evaluation of Indigofera hirsuta L. Plant Parts

Natural products play an important role in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industry which are basically obtained from plants with potent bioactive compounds capable of preventing and treating most oxidative related diseases and have often been used in folkloric medicine. The most important of these bioactive constituents of plants are phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins which provide the medicinal value to the plants in which they are present. The present study focuses on the Quantitative evaluation of important bioactive phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins in different extracts of Leaf and fruit of an important medicinal plant Indigofera hirsuta L. belonging to family Fabaceae. I. hirsuta L. is an annual sub shrub and grows to a height of 1m tall and widely distributed in India with immense herbal medicinal properties. Phenols, flavonoids are known to possess wide range of biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, alkaloids and saponins with inhibitory properties. Till now there are no reports on quantitative studies of phytoconstituents in the selected plant. Present study revealed that phenols are the largest group of phytoconstituents in leaf methanol extracts (124 mg/g), Flavonoids are highest in fruit (32 mg/g), alkaloids are highest in fruit (18.25 mg/g) and saponins are very less in quantity in both the plant parts with (0.25 mg/g) in fruit.
An evaluation of compounds derived from natural products as potential activators of cyclic adenosine monophospate production

The widely conserved cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway governs multiple physiological responses. Mammals express two types of adenylyl cyclases : transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC), and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). The distinct regulatory properties, tissue specificity and cellular distributions of the adenylyl cyclases make them attractive targets for research and drug development. While P-site inhibitors preferentially inhibit tmAC isoforms, drugs derived from catechol estrogens (4CE) and KH7 selectively inhibit sAC. All of the existing adenylyl cyclase stimulators are analogs of the tmAC activator forskolin. There are currently no pharmacological stimulators of sAC in literature. In this study, I took advantage of the high rate of cAMP production in coral tissue homogenates to screen the effects of 151 pure compounds derived from natural products. 50 [mu]M Laurencione monoacetate stimulated cAMP production in coral tissues by 60%, with an EC₅₀ of ~25 nM--1 [mu]M. The same treatment also stimulated purified rat sACt activity by 80%, with an EC₅₀ lower than 5 nM. This effect on rat sACt was not evident with 25 mM HCO₃⁻. Though cAMP accumulation assays in live cells suggested cross-talk effects with laurencione monoacetate, a Western blot detecting proteins phosphorylated by PKA suggested that the compound affected intracellular PKA activity. This study demonstrates that corals are useful subjects for screening compounds that affect cAMP production, and that natural products are good candidates for drug discovery. Identification of a sAC- specific stimulator that can be used as a pharmacological tool is challenging due to the complexity of the cAMP signaling pathway
Karyological studies of Vicia articulata Hornem.

The genus Vicia includes about 166 species located primarily in Europe, Asia and North America. It also extends to South America and East Africa on high altitudes (Ildis, 1999; Meric and Dane, 1999). Species are majorly exploited in organic farming for green manure and strong root system for tillage. In addition to their biological role for fixing atmospheric nitrogen, vetches also contributed for the development of arid and semi-arid areas which were dominated by monoculture barley, offering a practical solution to the replacement of fallow and reseeding of low fertility lands. Vetches were used in swards along with oats to provide a mix high proteins and grass. Vetches were also used for seed production which contained high protein contents (Lopez-Bellido et al., 2005). Vicia articulata was a single-flowered vetch, a crop native to the Mediterranean region (Laghetti et al., 2000). The species has been known for its drought and cold tolerance (Van de Wouw et al., 2001; Maxted and Bennett 2001). V. articulata has been an interesting prospect due to its role in soil conservation and rescue marginal areas. The species has been a useful source of genes in breeding programs to achieve diverse objectives (Laghetti et al., 2000). There was an increasing interest in Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) conservation and use in recent years. Therefore, there was increased focus on their systematic and cytogenetic conservation to ensure their continue availability (Maxted et al., 2012). In fact, targeted collections as Vicia species are required which provide an invaluable gene source for the improvement of food and forage legume cultivars (Maxted and Bennett 2001). Only few studies and information on karyology were available on V. articulata. Therefore, chromosomes number and karyomorphometry of some introduced accessions of V. articulata was determined. These results would provide information for the evolution of this species as well as its potential use for hybridization between Vicia species.