Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of four chromatographic methods for monosaccharide composition analysis of Dunaliella salina polysaccharide

Objective To find an accurate and effective method to determine the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide from Dunaliella salina(PDS3)by comparing several chroma- tographic methods.Methods Thin layer chromatography(TLC),aldononitrile acetate prec- olumn-derivatization gas chromatography(AA-GC),ion exclusion chromatography(IEC) and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone precolumn-derivatization high performance liquid chro- matography(PMP-HPLC)were used to determine the monosaccharide composition of PDS3. Results Both TLC and IEC were simple,rapid and easily performed without derivatization, however,the resolutions of monosaccharides were poor.They were only suitable to mono- saccharide qualitative analysis of simple polysaccharide.AA-GC had high sensitivity and good resolution of neutral monosaccharides,and it was also suitable to monosaccharide quan- titative analysis.A 2-methoxy pentose was found in PDS3 for the first time by GC-MS. However,AA-GC was not suitable to analysis of ketose,aminosaccharide and uronic acid. PMP-HPLC not only had high sensitivity and good resolution,but also it was suitable to simultaneous analyses of neutral,acidic and alkaline monosaccharides.The monosaccharide composition of PDS3 which determined by PMP-HPLC was Gal:Man:Ara:Glc:Rha: Xyl:GlcUA:GalUA:GlcNAc:GlcN=19.3:10.6:6.9:1.6:1.1:1.0:12.9:6.4 :4.1:1.6. In addition,the optimum PMP derivation conditions were determined as fol- lows:reaction time 60min,incubation temperature 70℃,ratio of NaOH to monosaccharide 6 :1,ratio of PMP to monosaccharide 12:1.Conclusion PMP-HPLC is more suitable than other chromatographic methods to complicated monosaccharide composition analysis of poly- saccharide such as PDS3.
THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL

The current national and international context has determined teachers to evaluate teaching methods and utilise active student involvement strategies in the classroom during learning processes. This article presents the Flipped Classroom instructional model, analyses its application, and proposes stages to follow in order to create a successful flipped classroom. Even though the flipped classroom instructional model is not utilised in Romania, the authors aim to attract attention to it, presenting its advantages and disadvantages. A change is due in the current teaching paradigm and it is high time to promote an innovative learning framework using the flipped classroom instructional model.
Demonstration of the Use of Formohydroxamic Acid in the UREX Process

The Uranium Extraction (UREX) process was developed to separate U and Tc from the transuranic elements and the remaining fission products. To prevent the extraction of Np and Pu, a dilute nitric acid scrub stream containing acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is used in the process. When the AHA contacts nitric acid, the complexant begins to decompose producing acetic acid and hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN). The HAN decomposes to gaseous products and water; however, the acetic acid is relatively stable and will contaminate nitric acid recovered from waste streams. To address this issue, formohydroxamic acid (FHA) was evaluated as a replacement for AHA. Formohydroxamic acid prevents the extraction of Np and Pu and its decomposition products (formic acid and HAN) readily decompose. Neptunium and Pu distribution coefficient measurements demonstrated that FHA was an acceptable replacement for AHA. Additional extraction experiments performed with the addition of uranyl nitrate to the aqueous phase showed that its presence had little effect on the distribution coefficients. A steady increase in distribution coefficients with increasing nitrate concentrations was consistent with a salting-out effect. When the actinides were back-extracted into the aqueous phase, the Np and Pu distribution coefficients were larger than the distribution coefficients measured in an extraction mode potentially due to kinetic limitations. These data imply that a greater number of scrub stages would be required in the first bank of the UREX process contactors than would be calculated based on the Pu and Np distribution data generated in the extraction experiments.
The Implementation of Duolingo Mobile Application in English Vocabulary Learning

The purposes of this research are as follows: to obtain data and to analyze the effects of the implementation of Duolingo mobile application in English vocabulary. The research was held at SDN 02 Ciputat. All data variables were taken through tests. For vocabulary mastery tests, the data was taken in the questionnaires form. The method used was to conduct a system quality test (Software Quality Assurance) of software quality based on the factors and the criteria established. The data shows that the application gets a score with a pretty good predicate (73,8%), so learning media using the Duolingo mobile application can be applied especially for students in understanding English.
I. The effect of symmetric and spatially varying equilibria and flow on MHD wave modes: slab geometry

Realistic theoretical models of magnetohydrodynamic wave propagation in the different solar magnetic configurations are required to explain observational results, allowing magnetoseismology to be conducted and provide more accurate information about local plasma properties. The numerical approach described in this paper allows a dispersion diagram to be obtained for any arbitrary symmetric magnetic slab model of solar atmospheric features. This proposed technique implements the shooting method to match necessary boundary conditions on continuity of displacement and total pressure of the waveguide. The algorithm also implements fundamental physical knowledge of the sausage and kink modes such that both can be investigated. The dispersion diagrams for a number of analytic cases that model magnetohydrodynamic waves in a magnetic slab were successfully reproduced. This work is then extended by considering density structuring modelled as a series of Gaussian profiles and a sinc(x) function. A further case study investigates properties of MHD wave modes in a coronal slab with a non-uniform background plasma flow, for which the governing equations are derived. It is found that the dispersive properties of slow body modes are more greatly altered than those of fast modes when any equilibrium inhomogeneity is increased, including background flow. The spatial structure of the eigenfunctions is also modified, introducing extra nodes and points of inflexion that may be of interest to observers.
Differences in English teachers’ beliefs and practices and inequity in Austrian English language education: could plurilingual pedagogies help close the gap?

ABSTRACT Educational research in Austria has demonstrated that early tracking into academic secondary schools and middle schools results in inequities for students with low socioeconomic status, from migration backgrounds and/or with German as an additional language. It has also found gaps in performance between students in the two school types, including in English. To better understand the reasons for this, we collected data from teachers in both school types about their beliefs and classroom practices. Teachers in academic secondary schools indicate higher achievement levels for English amongst their students compared to teachers in middle schools. Descriptive and inferential analyses reveal higher perceived levels of motivation amongst academic secondary school compared to middle school students, and students’ perceived level of motivation influenced English language outcomes in both school types. Moreover, there were significant differences aligning with school type in teachers’ reported language use in the classroom and their perceptions of students’ access to English outside of school. These findings suggest factors that contribute to gaps in achievement in English language education according to school type. The article closes by considering how plurilingual pedagogies might be employed to transform beliefs, alleviate disadvantage and support equity in English language education in Austria and beyond.
Thermophysical Properties of VX and RVX

Selected thermophysical properties are reported for VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothiolate) and its isomer, RVX (O-isobutyl-S-[2(diethylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothiolate). Several properties have been reported previously for both compounds; the focus of the current work has been the measurement of additional properties and expansion of the experimental ranges for the existing data. This report consolidates and compares physical property data measured in our laboratory for both compounds. It is important to know the physical properties of these supertoxic materials accurately to understand quantitatively the threat posed by them during military conflict, perform testing of defensive equipment, and determine the necessity to perform decontamination procedures. Knowledge of the properties of these toxic materials facilitates the selection of lower-toxicity candidates to simulate their behavior during testing where the use of the toxic agent is inappropriate. The current work has .
Synthesis and Lithium Ion Conduction of Polysiloxane Single-Ion Conductors Containing Novel Weak-Binding Borates

Three borate monomers: lithium triphenylstyryl borate (B1), a variant with three ethylene oxides between the vinyl and the borate (B2) and a third with perfluorinated phenyl rings (B3) were synthesized and used to prepare polysiloxane ionomers based on cyclic carbonates via hydrosilylation. B1 ion content variations show maximum 25 °C conductivity at 8 mol %, reflecting a trade-off between carrier density and glass transition temperature (Tg) increase. Ethylene oxide spacers (B2) lower Tg, and increase the dielectric constant, both raising conductivity. Perfluorinating the four phenyl rings (B3) lowers the ion association energy, as anticipated by ab initio estimations. This increases conductivity, a direct result of 3 times higher measured carrier density. The ∼9 kJ/mol activation energy of simultaneously conducting ions is less than half that of ionomers with either sulfonate or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions, suggesting that ionomers with weak-binding borate anions may provide a pathway to .
The identification of the anthracycline aclarubicin as an effective cytotoxic agent for pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer, mainly due to its delayed diagnosis and lack of effective therapeutic options. Therefore, it is imperative to find novel treatment options for PDAC. Here, we tested a series of conventional chemotherapeutics together with anthracycline compounds as single agents or in combination, determining their effectivity against established commercial and patient-derived, low-passage PDAC cell lines. Proliferation and colony formation assays were performed to determine the anticancer activity of anthracyclines; aclarubicin and doxorubicin, on commercial and patient-derived, low-passage PDAC cell lines. In addition, the effect of standard-of-care drugs gemcitabine and individual components of FOLFIRINOX were also investigated. To evaluate which mechanisms of cell death were involved in drug response, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase was evaluated by western blot. Aclarubicin showed superior antitumor activity compared to other anthracyclines and standard of care drugs (gemcitabine and individual components of FOLFIRINOX) in a patient-derived, low-passage PDAC cell line and in commercial cell lines. Importantly, the combination of gemcitabine and aclarubicin showed a synergistic effect at a dose range where the single agents by themselves were ineffective. In parallel, evaluation of the antitumor activity of aclarubicin demonstrated an apoptotic effect in all PDAC cell lines. Aclarubicin is cytotoxic for commercial and patient-derived low-passage PDAC cell lines, at doses lower than peak serum concentrations for patient treatment. Our findings support a (re)consideration of aclarubicin as a backbone of new combination regimens for pancreatic cancer patients.
Effects of quercetin on metabolism of cyclooxygenase in IEC-6 cells stimulated by the serum of burned rats

Objective To observe the effects of quercetin on PGE 2 release and cyclooxygenase activity in IEC 6 cells stimulated by the serum of burned rats. Methods The PGE 2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and the changes of cyclooxygenase activity were determined by substrate fluorescence analysis. Results Stimulated by the serum of burned rats, the PGE 2 level increased first and then obviously decreased. Quercetin at 0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L enhanced the PGE 2 level after the stimulation of IEC 6 cells for 24 h. There was no obvious change in total cyclooxygenase activity, but the activity ratio of COX 1 to COX 2 significantly decreased. Conclusion Quercetin might influence the release of cyclooxygenase metabolite PGE 2 through the regulation of COXs activity in IEC 6 cells.
Survey of image recognition technology based on convolution neural network

In recent years, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has made a series of breakthrough research results in the fields of image recognition and so on. The powerful ability of CNN for image recognition attracts wide attention. However, due to the widespread application of CNN’s deep neural network model in the field of image processing, many of these problems have been solved and even the recognition accuracy of some algorithms has exceeded the human eye recognition accuracy. Therefore, CNN has very important research value in image recognition. This article discusses the current status and prospects of its technology development.
Dramatically Tuning Friction Using Responsive Polyelectrolyte Brushes

We present a paradigm that dramatically tunes friction from superior lubrication (μ ∼ 10–3) to ultrahigh friction (μ > 1) using responsive polyelectrolyte brushes. The tunable friction is based on counterion-driven interactions in polyelectrolyte brushes that can be simply achieved by exchanging the counterions. We systematically investigated the effects of opposite counterions of different types on the friction properties of polyanionic, polycationic, and polyzwitterionic brushes. For cationic brushes with quaternary ammonium groups, the friction coefficient was progressively tuned from ∼10–3 to ∼100 according to the counterions series Cl– < ClO4– < PF6– < TFSI–. The friction of anionic brushes can be tuned by oppositely charged surfactants (tetraalkylammonium) with different length of hydrophobic tails, multivalent metal ions, and protons. The friction increase of cationic brushes is due to the dehydration and the collapse of polyelectrolyte chains induced by ion-pairing interactions. For anionic brushe.
Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Structure Used as a Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

A three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes/graphene (NCNTs/G) composite was prepared by pyrolysis of pyridine over a graphene-sheet-supported Ni catalyst. The morphology and structure of the NCNTs/G composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Tangled NCNTs with lengths of several hundred nanometers are sparsely, but tighly, distributed on graphene sheets, forming quasi-aligned NCNT arrays. The N content in the NCNTs/G measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is about 6.6 at. %. The NCNTs/G shows a higher activity and selectivity to the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte compared with undoped CNTs/G, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode, and rotating ring-disk electrode measurements. The results indicate that the 3D NCNTs/G composite has potential application in fuel cells.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Interfacial Structure and Differential Capacitance of Alkylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [Cnmim][TFSI] Ionic Liquids at Graphite Electrodes

The dependence on electrode potential of the interfacial structure and differential capacitance (DC) for 1-alkyl-3-methyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][TFSI], n = 2, 4, 6, and 8) ionic liquids (IL) near basal (flat) and prismatic edge face (rough) graphite electrodes was investigated here with atomistic simulations. Overall camel-shaped DCs were observed for both surfaces. The prismatic graphite generated systematically larger capacitances than the atomically flat basal face. Although on the flat electrodes the DC is almost constant at electrode potential bellow saturation (i.e., roughly within ±2 V), on the prismatic edge face the DC showed large amplitude changes between minima and maxima. This trend in DC was explained from the dependence versus potential of the structure and composition of the interfacial electrolyte layer; specifically, faster counterions accumulation and ion segregation in the interfacial layer are observed for atomically corrugated electrode surfaces as comp.
Simultaneous Process Synthesis, Heat and Power Integration in a Sustainable Integrated Biorefinery

An integrated biorefinery is a processing facility that converts biomass feedstocks into a wide range of value added products (e.g., biofuels, specialty chemicals) via multiple technologies. To synthesize a sustainable integrated biorefinery, consumption of energy within such biorefinery should be self-sustained. The performances of integrated biorefinery can be improved via simultaneous process synthesis, heat and power integration. Due to the complexity of the process synthesis and integration problem, there is a need for a systematic approach to address the problem. In this work, the modular optimization approach, which breaks a large optimization problem into small models, is adapted to solve the complex problem. This allows engineers to ‘zoom in’ on specific key process units in a smaller model. Based on the proposed approach, selection of the optimum process alternatives/technologies and products, as well as integration of heat and power between process units, can be performed simultaneously. To ill.
Novel Methodology for the Synthesis of Optimal Biochemicals in Integrated Biorefineries via Inverse Design Techniques

The recent developments of process synthesis and design for integrated biorefineries have significantly increased the potential of biomass to generate sustainable renewable energy as an alternative source for fossil fuels. In addition, biomass can be converted into various value-added products (e.g., biochemicals, biomaterials, biosolvents, etc.). To ensure the sustainable production of energy and value-added products, biomass is converted into commodities and specialty products in an integrated biorefinery. However, due to the increase in the number of potential products, new reactions, and technologies, determining of optimum products and processing routes in an integrated biorefinery has become more challenging. Therefore, it is essential to develop a systematic approach to address the above-mentioned issues. In this work, a novel two-stage optimization approach has been developed to design optimal biochemical products and synthesize optimum biomass conversion pathways in an integrated biorefinery. In .
Storydoing in the emotions of young university students during the process of learning calculus in engineering

espanolEl estudio de las emociones a traves de los cuentos, constituido como el principal factor de aprendizaje del calculo en ingenieria, constituye el principal objetivo de la investigacion, realizada bajo el enfoque cualitativo y el metodo fenomenologico para profundizar en las respuestas expresadas por los adolescentes de una institucion educativa. El articulo, basado en un estudio cuantitativo, analiza como se desarrolla el proceso de aprendizaje del calculo en las respuestas emocionales, de pensamiento y de sentimiento desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, que se ven directamente beneficiados o afectados por esta situacion. La muestra consta de 111 estudiantes universitarios del primer al cuarto semestre. Las categorias conceptuales emergentes fueron amistad, rol, innovacion en el aprendizaje, emocion, sentimiento, entorno, apoyo familiar. Los paradigmas emergentes fueron el comportamiento sincronico, la epistemologia interagente, la dinamica de auto-organizacion, la representacion simbolica abstracta. EnglishThe study of emotions using storydoing, constituted as the main factor in the learning of calculus in engineering, constitutes the main objective of the research, executed under the qualitative approach and the phenomenological method in order to deepen in the answers expressed by the adolescents of an educational institution. The article, based on a quantitative study, analyzes how the process of learning calculus takes place in the emotional, thought and feeling responses from the perspective of the students, who are directly benefited or affected by this situation. The sample consists of 111 university students from the first to the fourth semester. Emerging conceptual categories were friendship, role, learning innovation, emotion, feeling, environment, family support. Emerging paradigms were synchronic behaviour, inter-agent epistemology, self-organizing dynamics, abstract symbolic representation
Physicochemical Properties and Lipid Composition of Camellia Seed Oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) Extracted Using Different Methods

To understand the influence of different extraction methods on properties of Camellia seed oil, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds content of camellia seed oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic extraction, expeller pressing, organic solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction were investigated. No significant differences were found among acid values of extracted oils. The peroxide value of hexaneextracted oil and expeller-pressed oil was significant higher than aqueous enzymatic-extracted oil and supercritical CO2-extracted oil. The major fatty acids present in camellia seed oil were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. No significant differences were found in the amounts of the major fatty acids in the oils. The aqueous enzymatic-extracted oil had a higher content of total monounsaturated fatty acids, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, squalene and phytosterol than hexane-extracted and expeller-pressed oils. Nine phenolic acids were detected in camellias seed oils, and 3-hydroxytyrosol, benzoic acid, catechins, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and chlorogenic acid were the predominant compounds. The content of phenolic compounds in the aqueous enzymatic-extracted camellia seed oil was lower than that of other extracted oils. The phospholipid content of the aqueous enzymatic-extracted oil and the supercritical CO2-extracted oil was significantly lower than that of hexane extracted oil and expeller pressed oil.
Conformational analysis in carbohydrate chemistry. I. Conformational free energies. The conformations and α : β ratios of aldopyranoses in aqueous solution

The relative free energies of the aldopyranoses in aqueous solution have been calculated, taking non-bonded interaction energies and the anomeric effect into account. It is shown that the calculated free-energy values correctly predict the predominant conformation of the α- and β-pyranose forms of each aldose. The α- to β-pyranose ratios of the aldoses in aqueous solution, calculated from these values, are in reasonable agreement with those determined experimentally.
A Study on Nucleic Acid Degradation in Drying and Dried Bloodstains as a Means to Determine the Time since Deposition

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