Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
There is more to this fever than meets the eye: A case of neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome (NMLS) secondary to withdrawal of procyclidine and L-dopa on a background of long-standing flupenthixol depot use

Abstract This case report highlights the risk of development of Neuroleptic Malignant-Like Syndrome secondary to withdrawal of procyclidine with brief withdrawal of L-dopa and long-term typical antipsychotic depot. The patient responded to reintroduction of procyclidine, sedation and supportive treatment. The mechanism and management of NMS and NMLS is also reviewed. This case emphasises that any changes in antipsychotic and antiparkinsonian medications should be undertaken with extreme caution and patient should be closely monitored for development of NMLS after alteration in these medications.
A Meta-Analysis Linking Parent-to-Child Aggression and Dating Abuse During Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Relationship continuity and social learning theories provide support for parent-to-child aggression as one potential explanatory factor for dating abuse (DA); however, empirical results are mixed across studies as to the strength of this association. This meta-analysis sought to estimate the overall size of this effect among adolescent and young adult samples and investigate potential moderating factors including sample and measurement variables. Records were identified using a computerized search of databases with several keywords. Peer-reviewed journal articles and dissertations were included if they measured both parent-to-child aggression and DA perpetration and/or victimization among adolescents (aged 12–18) or young adults (aged 18–29). Sixty-six records met inclusion criteria, yielding 370 unique effect sizes for the relation between parent-to-child aggression and DA across 94 unique samples. As hypothesized, there was a small-to-medium effect size between parent-to-child aggression and subsequent DA during both adolescence and young adulthood. The strength of these findings was consistent across DA outcome (perpetration and victimization) and both physical and psychological forms, youth and parent gender, and youth age. Stronger associations were found when the gender of the parental aggressor was undefined compared to either a defined paternal or maternal aggressor. Records using the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure both parent-to-child aggression and DA yielded stronger associations compared to sources that used different measures, but single informant versus multiple informants did not yield any differences.
The effect of freeze‐thaw cycles on determination of immunoreactive plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations in horses

Abstract Background Determination of plasma adrenocotrophic hormone (ACTH) concentration (endogenous or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone [TRH] stimulation test) is the most commonly used diagnostic test for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Because ACTH is unstable, samples often are frozen to be shipped to laboratories or to allow for batch analysis of research samples. However, the effect of multiple freeze‐thaw cycles on equine ACTH is unknown. Objective To determine the effects of multiple freeze‐thaw cycles on immunoreactive ACTH concentration. Animals Twenty‐eight horses ranging from 10 to 27 years of age were used. Methods Prospective study. Horses were divided into 4 groups: group 1, PPID‐negative, without TRH stimulation; group 2, PPID‐negative, with TRH stimulation; group 3, PPID‐positive, without TRH stimulation; and group 4, PPID‐positive, with TRH stimulation. Whole blood was collected from each horse at baseline or 30 minutes after TRH stimulation. Immunoreactive plasma ACTH concentration was determined using a chemiluminescence assay. Plasma samples then were frozen at −80°C >24 hours, thawed at 4°C and reanalyzed for 5 freeze‐thaw cycles. Changes in plasma ACTH concentration were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effect model. Results Significant effects of freeze‐thaw cycles (P = .001) and PPID status (P = .04) on plasma ACTH concentration were observed, but no significant effect of TRH stimulation was identified. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The plasma ACTH concentration is altered by freeze‐thaw cycles, and the effect is observed sooner in horses with PPID. To diagnose PPID, multiple freeze‐thaw cycles should be avoided when measuring plasma ACTH concentration.
Characterization of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family and Expression Profiling of DREB Subfamily under Cold and Osmotic Stresses in Ammopiptanthus nanus

APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants, which play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses. Ammopiptanthus nanus, an unusual evergreen broad-leaved shrub in the arid region in the northern temperate zone, demonstrates a strong tolerance to low temperature and drought stresses, and AP2/ERF transcription factors may contribute to the stress tolerance of A. nanus. In the current study, 174 AP2/ERF family members were identified from the A. nanus genome, and they were divided into five subfamilies, including 92 ERF members, 55 dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) members, 24 AP2 members, 2 RAV members, and 1 Soloist member. Compared with the other leguminous plants, A. nanus has more members of the DREB subfamily and the B1 group of the ERF subfamily, and gene expansion in the AP2/ERF family is primarily driven by tandem and segmental duplications. Promoter analysis showed that many stress-related cis-acting elements existed in promoter regions of the DREB genes, implying that MYB, ICE1, and WRKY transcription factors regulate the expression of DREB genes in A. nanus. Expression profiling revealed that the majority of DREB members were responsive to osmotic and cold stresses, and several DREB genes such as EVM0023336.1 and EVM0013392.1 were highly induced by cold stress, which may play important roles in cold response in A. nanus. This study provided important data for understanding the evolution and functions of AP2/ERF and DREB transcription factors in A. nanus.
A new collar rot disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) caused by Aplosporella hesperidica in India

Cowpea is an important pulse crop cultivated in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. During field survey, a characteristic wilt was observed in around 45 ha of cowpea fields with incidence 17–25%. Infection was seen in pre‐flowering stage and infected plants showed quick wilt symptoms with tan lesions near the stem–soil interface. Fungal pathogens associated were isolated on PDA, which produced dark to grey olivaceous colonies in the centre, and aerial mycelia were appressed with floccose and white to smoke‐grey. Conidia are aseptate, initially hyaline, smooth‐walled, broadly ellipsoidal with rounded ends becoming dark brown. Based on these morphological features, the fungal pathogen was identified as Aplosporella sp. The ITS‐rDNA region was amplified using ITS1/ITS4 primers and sequenced. The nBLAST and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pathogen as Aplosporella hesperidica. The Koch's postulates were performed on 45‐days‐old cowpea plants with mycelial disc of A. hesperidica. Development of typical necrotic lesions was observed after 28 days of post‐inoculation and the pathogen's identity was confirmed based on re‐isolation. Efficacy of fungicides evaluated in vitro showed that the pathogen is highly sensitive to systemic fungicides rather than the contact fungicides. The cowpea production was severely affected owing to the causative agent A. hesperidica. The collar rot disease of cowpea by A. hesperidica is the first report in India.
Tick and Host Derived Compounds Detected in the Cement Complex Substance

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. Cement is a complex protein polymerization substance secreted by ticks with antimicrobial properties and a possible role in host attachment, sealing the feeding lesion, facilitating feeding and pathogen transmission, and protection from host immune and inflammatory responses. The biochemical properties of tick cement during feeding have not been fully characterized. In this study, we characterized the proteome of Rhipicephalus microplus salivary glands (sialome) and cement (cementome) together with their physicochemical properties at different adult female parasitic stages. The results showed the combination of tick and host derived proteins and other biomolecules such as α-Gal in cement composition, which varied during the feeding process. We propose that these compounds may synergize in cement formation, solidification and maintenance to facilitate attachment, feeding, interference with host immune response and detachment. These results advanced our knowledge of the complex tick cement composition and suggested that tick and host derived compounds modulate cement properties throughout tick feeding.
Battery Draining Attack and Defense against Power Saving Wireless LAN Devices

Wi-Fi technology connects sensor-based things that operate with small batteries, and allows them to access the Internet from anywhere at any time and perform networking. It has become a critical element in many areas of daily life and industry, including smart homes, smart factories, smart grids, and smart cities. The Wi-Fi-based Internet of things is gradually expanding its range of uses from new industries to areas that are intimately connected to people’s lives, safety, and property. Wi-Fi technology has undergone a 20-year standardization process and continues to evolve to improve transmission speeds and service quality. Simultaneously, it has also been strengthening power-saving technology and security technology to improve energy efficiency and security while maintaining backward compatibility with past standards. This study analyzed the security vulnerabilities of the Wi-Fi power-saving mechanism used in smart devices and experimentally proved the feasibility of a battery draining attack (BDA) on commercial smartphones. The results of the experiment showed that when a battery draining attack was performed on power-saving Wi-Fi, 14 times the amount of energy was consumed compared with when a battery draining attack was not performed. This study analyzed the security vulnerabilities of the power-saving mechanism and discusses countermeasures.
Molecular mechanisms regulating synaptic specificity and retinal circuit formation

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of precisely assembled circuits which support a variety of physiological functions and behaviors. These circuits include multiple subtypes of neurons with unique morphologies, electrical properties, and molecular identities. How these component parts are precisely wired‐up has been a topic of great interest to the field of developmental neurobiology and has implications for our understanding of the etiology of many neurological disorders and mental illnesses. To date, many molecules involved in synaptic choice and specificity have been identified, including members of several families of cell‐adhesion molecules (CAMs), which are cell‐surface molecules that mediate cell‐cell contacts and subsequent intracellular signaling. One favored hypothesis is that unique expression patterns of CAMs define specific neuronal subtype populations and determine compatible pre‐ and postsynaptic neuronal partners based on the expression of these unique CAMs. The mouse retina has served as a beautiful model for investigations into mammalian CAM interactions due to its well‐defined neuronal subtypes and distinct circuits. Moreover, the retina is readily amenable to visualization of circuit organization and electrophysiological measurement of circuit function. The advent of recent genetic, genomic, and imaging technologies has opened the field up to large‐scale, unbiased approaches for identification of new molecular determinants of synaptic specificity. Thus, building on the foundation of work reviewed here, we can expect rapid expansion of the field, harnessing the mouse retina as a model to understand the molecular basis for synaptic specificity and functional circuit assembly.
Kinesin-1-mediated axonal transport of CB1 receptors is required for cannabinoid-dependent axonal growth and guidance

ABSTRACT Endocannabinoids (eCB) modulate growth cone dynamics and axonal pathfinding through the stimulation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R), the function of which depends on their delivery and precise presentation at the growth cone surface. However, the mechanism involved in the axonal transport of CB1R and its transport role in eCB signaling remains elusive. As mutations in the kinesin-1 molecular motor have been identified in patients with abnormal cortical development and impaired white matter integrity, we studied the defects in axonal pathfinding and fasciculation in mice lacking the kinesin light chain 1 (Klc1−/−) subunit of kinesin-1. Reduced levels of CB1R were found in corticofugal projections and axonal growth cones in Klc1−/− mice. By live-cell imaging of CB1R-eGFP we characterized the axonal transport of CB1R vesicles and described the defects in transport that arise after KLC1 deletion. Cofilin activation, which is necessary for actin dynamics during growth cone remodeling, is impaired in the Klc1−/− cerebral cortex. In addition, Klc1−/− neurons showed expanded growth cones that were unresponsive to CB1R-induced axonal elongation. Together, our data reveal the relevance of kinesin-1 in CB1R axonal transport and in eCB signaling during brain wiring. Summary: This study reveals that kinesin-1 plays a key role in the endocannabinoid signaling that regulates activity at the axonal growth cones of cortical neurons for actin remodeling, axonal pathfinding and brain wiring.
Perceptions of functional wellness in women living with HIV in South Carolina, United States: Voices from both patients and providers

ABSTRACT Functional wellness refers to optimal functioning across multiple domains of health and wellbeing (e.g., physical, psychological, social, spiritual), and posits that wellness goes beyond traditional physical/biological health outcomes to include behavioral and social dimensions of health. Its application could contribute to developing integrated care and improving self-management for HIV patients including women living with HIV (WLH). In order to explore the perceptions of functional wellness from the perspectives of both healthcare providers (HCPs) and WLH, we conducted in-depth interviews among a purposive sample of 20 WLH and 10 HCPs in South Carolina. Most of the WLH were African American, older, living in urban setting and diagnosed over five years ago. The HCPs were dominantly female and represented different types of healthcare providers. Qualitative analysis was guided by the ground theory and conducted using the software NVivo 11. The WLH and HCPs had some common perceptions on wellness. To achieve functional wellness, WLH should be living and functioning in their daily life, be able to take care of themselves and develop resilience, be engaged in social activities, and prevent themselves from comorbidities (e.g., chronic disease, mental health issues) by receiving holistic service in response to the needs of womanhood.
The effect of cold stress on right ventricular functions in patients with systemic sclerosis

Amac: Skleroderma (SSc)’da, pulmoner hipertansiyon ve sag kalp yetersizligi kotu prognoz gostergesidir. SSc’da soguk stresin pulmoner vazospazm uzerine etkisi ile ilgili cesitli calismalar yapilmis ancak sonuclar celiskili cikmistir. Bu calisma ile SSc hastalarinda periferik soguk stresin sag ventrikul fonksiyonlarina etkisini arastirmayi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontem: Yirmi dordu sklerodermali, 24’u saglikli toplam 48 kisi calismaya alindi. Her iki gruba istirahat ve periferik soguk stres uygulama sonrasinda transtorasik ekokardiyografi yapildi. Istirahat ve soguk stres sonrasi sol ve sag ventrikul fonksiyonlari karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Soguk stresin ozellikle sag ventrikul fonksiyonlarinda degisiklige yol actigi goruldu. Pulmoner akselerasyon zamani skleroderma grubunda anlamli olarak kisaldi (118.8±11.7ms vs 111.3±13.7ms, P<0.001). Trikuspid anuler duzlem sistolik hareketi ve sag ventrikul fraksiyonel alan degisimi de soguk stres ile azaldi (23.3±1.6mm vs 21.9±1.9 mm, P<0.001; 46.3±5.8 vs 44.4±5.8,P= 0.007, sirasiyla). Soguk stres ile sol ventrikul fonksiyonlarinda degisiklik saptanmadi (sol ventrikul miyokard performans indeksi (0.42± 0.04 vs 0.42± 0.05), P= 0.748). Sonuc: Periferik soguk stres, sag ventrikul fonksyonlarinda azalmaya sebep olmustur ve bu da pulmoner Raynaud fenomeninin pulmoner hipertansiyon gelismesinde etken faktorlerden biri olabilecegini dusundurmektedir.
Impact of the Mental Health Care Continuity-Chain among Individuals Expressing Suicidal Behaviour in a Spanish Sample

Abstract Poor coordination between different healthcare services means that the proper follow-up of patients cannot be guaranteed, thus increasing the risk of relapse in cases of attempted suicide. This study describes the sociodemographic variables related to suicidal behaviour in a Spanish sample and analyses how the use of a continued nursing care protocol influences the follow-up of patients who have shown suicidal behaviour. A cohort of 213 patient was identified from the emergency department medical records because of suicide attempters during 2011; 51.6% were included in the intervention group (n = 110) and 48.4% (n = 103) in the control group. We used a specific continuity of care chain protocol with the patients in the intervention group. More than half of all the initial suicide attempts were made by women; 80.3% had a previous history of a mental disorder and 65.7% of the attempts were made by ingesting medications. Significantly more patients in the intervention group attended their first follow-up visit. This study highlights the need to implement protocols that favour the continuity of mental health care processes—especially those designed to treat individuals expressing suicidal behaviour—with the aim of reducing the risk of suicide in them by intensifying their monitoring.
High Tracheal Bifurcation as a Cause of Left Main Bronchus Obstruction in Infant: A case report from Saudi Arabia

Background: Congenital short trachea (CST) an uncommon abnormality is defined as a reduction in the number of tracheal rings to 15 or less, compared to the average of 17 rings in normal infants. As a result, the carina is situated at a higher level than usual that lead the left main bronchus to course abnormally behind the arch of the aorta, making it prone to compression. CST is associated with a number of syndromes, including the Di George syndrome, several types of congenital heart disease, some skeletal dysplasias and meningomyelocoele. Case study: We report a case of one Saudi infant who presented with respiratory distress since birth and hyperinflation of left side of the lung secondary to extrinsic narrowing of proximal left main stem bronchus due to compression by arch of the aorta, and he underwent successful aortopexy of the aortic arch for this condition.
Single-molecule functional anatomy of endogenous HER2-HER3 heterodimers

Human epidermal growth factor receptors (HERs) are the primary targets of many directed cancer therapies. However, the reason a specific dimer of HERs generates a stronger proliferative signal than other permutations remains unclear. Here, we used single-molecule immunoprecipitation to develop a biochemical assay for endogenously-formed, entire HER2-HER3 heterodimers. We observed unexpected, large conformational fluctuations in juxta-membrane and kinase domains of the HER2-HER3 heterodimer. Nevertheless, the individual HER2-HER3 heterodimers catalyze tyrosine phosphorylation at an unusually high rate, while simultaneously interacting with multiple copies of downstream signaling effectors. Our results suggest that the high catalytic rate and multi-tasking capability make a concerted contribution to the strong signaling potency of the HER2-HER3 heterodimers.
The impact of five nights of sleep restriction on emotional reactivity

An inadequate amount of sleep can negatively affect emotional processing, causing behavioural and neurofunctional changes. However, unlike the condition of total sleep deprivation, which has been extensively studied, the effects of prolonged sleep restriction have received less attention. In this study, we evaluated, for the first time, the effects of five nights of sleep restriction (5 hr a night) on emotional reactivity in healthy subjects.
Identification and functional characterization of a β-glucosidase from Bacillus tequelensis BD69 expressed in bacterial and yeast heterologous systems

Background The identification and characterization of novel β-glucosidase genes has attracted considerable attention because of their valuable use in a variety of industrial applications, ranging from biofuel production to improved digestibility of animal feed. We previously isolated a fiber-degrading strain of Bacillus tequelensis from buffalo dung samples, and the goal of the current work was to identify β-glucosidase genes in this strain. We describe the cloning and expression of a new β-glucosidase gene (Bteqβgluc) from Bacillus tequelensis strain BD69 in bacterial and yeast hosts. The recombinant Bteqβgluc were used to characterize specificity and activity parameters, and candidate active residues involved in hydrolysis of different substrates were identified through molecular docking. Methods The full length Bteqβgluc gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris cultures. Recombinant Bteqβgluc proteins were purified by immobilized metal affinity or anion exchange chromatography and used in β-glucosidase activity assays measuring hydrolysis of ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). Activity parameters were determined by testing relative β-glucosidase activity after incubation under different temperature and pH conditions. Candidate active residues in Bteqβgluc were identified using molecular operating environment (MOE) software. Results The cloned Bteqβgluc gene belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 4 and encoded a 54.35 kDa protein. Specific activity of the recombinant β-glucosidase was higher when expressed in P. pastoris (1,462.25 U/mg) than in E. coli (1,445.09 U/mg) hosts using same amount of enzyme. Optimum activity was detected at pH 5 and 50 °C. The activation energy (Ea) was 44.18 and 45.29 kJ/mol for Bteqβgluc produced by P. pastoris and E. coli, respectively. Results from other kinetic parameter determinations, including pKa for the ionizable groups in the active site, Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG‡), entropy of activation (ΔS‡), Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) for pNPG hydrolysis support unique kinetics and functional characteristics that may be of interest for industrial applications. Molecular docking analysis identified Glu, Asn, Phe, Tyr, Thr and Gln residues as important in protein-ligand catalytic interactions.