Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Method for using complete and incomplete trios to identify genes related to a quantitative trait

A number of tests for linkage and association with qualitative traits have been developed, with the most well‐known being the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). For quantitative traits, varying extensions of the TDT have been suggested. The quantitative trait approach we propose is based on extending the log‐linear model for case‐parent trio data (Weinberg et al. [1998] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:969–978). Like the log‐linear approach for qualitative traits, our proposed polytomous logistic approach for quantitative traits allows for population admixture by conditioning on parental genotypes. Compared to other methods, simulations demonstrate good power and robustness of the proposed test under various scenarios of the genotype effect, distribution of the quantitative trait, and population stratification. In addition, missing parental genotype data can be accommodated through an expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm approach. The EM approach allows recovery of most of the lost power due to incomplete trios. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self care in patients with chronic heart failure. Pilot study - self care includes problems.

AIM The goal of this pilot study was to define the scope of therapeutic self-care demand in heart failure (HF) patients according to the concepts of self-care postulated by D.E. Orem and to determine the level of problems experienced and self-care in these patients. METHODS A questionnaire consisting of 7 areas with closed format questions was developed according to the definition. The level of patient problems and level of self-care actions were mapped in each area. The questionnaire was distributed at the hospital outpatient clinic. The study group consisted of 47 heart failure patients (14 women) with following characteristics: average age 68 years, average BMI 29.4, resynchronization therapy 21%, hypertension 69.8%, diabetes mellitus 25.6%, coronary artery disease 46.5%, dilated cardiomyopathy 46.5%, obesity 46.5%, smoking history 39.5% (present and past smoking together), other cardiac disease 16.28%, condition after myocardial infarction 27.8% (NYHA II 41%, NYHA III 56.8%, NYHA IV 2.2%). RESULTS The greatest problems were in the area of physical activity, sleep and fatigue, the least were in the area of chest pain and blood circulation. The greatest self-care agency was shown in the area of managing problems with physical activities and sleep, the lowest in the area of liquid intake and output. In the patients' subjective opinion, fatigue and sleep problems had the greatest impact on the quality of life. There were no substantial differences in either area based on gender. CONCLUSIONS The data can serve as a foundation for modifying the extent and structure of patient education for more comprehensive and more effective out‑patient treatment of HF.
A new approach for named entity recognition

Many sentences create certain impressions on people. These impressions help the reader to have an insight about the sentence via some entities. In NLP, this process corresponds to Named Entity Recognition (NER). NLP algorithms can trace a lot of entities in the sentence like person, location, date, time or money. One of the major problems in these operations are confusions about whether the word denotes the name of a person, a location or an organisation, or whether an integer stands for a date, time or money. In this study, we design a new model for NER algorithms. We train this model in our predefined dataset and compare the results with other models. In the end we get considerable outcomes in a dataset containing 1400 sentences.
Statistical Blockage Modeling and Robustness of Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave Systems

There has been a growing interest in the commercialization of millimeter-wave (mmW) technology as a part of the fifth-generation new radio wireless standardization efforts. In this direction, many sets of independent measurements show that the biggest determinants of viability of mmW systems are penetration and blockage of mmW signals through different materials in the scattering environment. With this background, the focus of this paper is on understanding the impact of blockage of mmW signals and reduced spatial coverage due to penetration through the human hand, body, vehicles, and so on. Leveraging measurements with a 28-GHz mmW experimental prototype and electromagnetic simulation studies, we first propose statistical models to capture the impact of the hand, human body, and vehicles. We then study the time scales at which mmW signals are disrupted by blockage (hand and human body). Our results show that these events can be attributed to physical movements, and the time scales corresponding to blockage are, hence, on the order of a few 100 ms or more. Network densification, subarray switching in a user equipment designed with multiple subarrays, fall back mechanisms, etc., can address blockage before it leads to a deleterious impact on the mmW link margin.
Antiinflammatory Activity of Gynura bicolor (紅鳳菜 Hóng Fèng Cài) Ether Extract Through Inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation

This study investigated effects of the Gynura bicolor (Roxb. and Willd.) DC. ether extract (GBEE) on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E 2 production on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. A composition analysis of GBEE showed that the major compounds were b-carotene, chlorophyll, and quercetin, respectively. Furthermore, NO and PGE 2 levels of 120 μg/ml GBEE-treated cells were 70% and 9.8%, respectively, than those of cells treated with LPS alone. Immunoblots assays showed that the GBEE dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein levels. The GBEE significantly decreased cytosolic phosphorylated (p)-IκBa and nuclear p65 protein expressions. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays indicated that the GBEE effectively inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by LPS. These results support a role of the GBEE in suppressing activation of NF-κB to inhibit NO and PGE2 production in the LPS-induced inflammatory response by RAW 264.7 cells.
Multi-resolution-type AAM for low-resolution images

The purpose of this paper is to extract small faces from an image. From the point of view of integrating the face tracking into a mobile robot, small face tracking is difficult task. When a mobile robot tries to find a person from a far distance, faces on the image is small and its reso- lution will be degraded largely, which makes face tracking difficult. Therefore, we present the multi-resolution-type active appearance model (AAM) robust to degraded facial images. In the proposed method, the resolution of AAM is reduced adaptively to be as same level as degraded fa- cial images. The accuracy of proposed method is evaluated in terms of shape error between estimated shape by AAM and hand-labeled shape. The simulation results show that multi-resolution-type AAM has the possibility for coping with small faces on the image.
Development of an Uncertainty Quantification Predictive Chemical Reaction Model for Syngas Combustion

An automated data-centric infrastructure, Process Informatics Model (PrIMe), was applied to validation and optimization of a syngas combustion model. The Bound-to-Bound Data Collaboration (B2BDC) module of PrIMe was employed to discover the limits of parameter modifications based on uncertainty quantification (UQ) and consistency analysis of the model–data system and experimental data, including shock-tube ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds. Existing syngas reaction models are reviewed, and the selected kinetic data are described in detail. Empirical rules were developed and applied to evaluate the uncertainty bounds of the literature experimental data. The initial H2/CO reaction model, assembled from 73 reactions and 17 species, was subjected to a B2BDC analysis. For this purpose, a dataset was constructed that included a total of 167 experimental targets and 55 active model parameters. Consistency analysis of the composed dataset revealed disagreement between models and data. Further analysis.
Long-term trends in the response of benthic macrofauna to climate variability in the Lavaca-Colorado Estuary, Texas

Long-term trends in the response of benthic macrofauna to hydrological conditions were examined in the Lavaca-Colorado Estuary, Texas. Four stations representing a range of salinities in the Lavaca-Colorado Estuary were sampled quarterly for benthic macrofauna and hydrography from April 1988 to October 2008. The relationship between climate variability and local salinity patterns and benthic populations was investigated using the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and North Pacific Index (NPI). Mean salinity declined during the 20 yr study period. Observed changes in salinity were related to river discharge and the ONI because there were more El Nino events in the first half of the study period relative to the second half. Benthic macrofaunal abundance was significantly correlated with salinity, the ONI and the NAO, indicating that global climate variability and the resulting effects on local salinity patterns are important factors shaping benthic macrofaunal communities. There was no signifi- cant linear trend in temperature over time, and negative correlations between individual taxa and temperature were likely due to seasonality. While drivers other than physical hydrological factors can obviously affect benthic macrofaunal communities, strong connections between global cli- mate signals, precipitation, and local salinity patterns provided the most plausible mechanistic connection between climatic variability and benthic macrofaunal response in the estuary. An increasingly unstable climate may lead to potentially strong effects in estuarine ecosystems because stability is known to affect diversity and productivity. The vulnerability of estuarine ecosystems to the effects of climate variability will be exacerbated as human population growth and water resource development continues to increase the demand for and stress on coastal and marine resources.
Triapine Disrupts CtIP-Mediated Homologous Recombination Repair and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to PARP and Topoisomerase Inhibitors

PARP inhibitors exploit synthetic lethality to target epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with hereditary BRCA mutations and defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR). However, such an approach is limited to a small subset of EOC patients and compromised by restored HRR due to secondary mutations in BRCA genes. Here, it was demonstrated that triapine, a small-molecule inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, enhances the sensitivity of BRCA wild-type EOC cells to the PARP inhibitor olaparib and the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. Triapine abolishes olaparib-induced BRCA1 and Rad51 foci, and disrupts the BRCA1 interaction with the Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) complex in BRCA1 wild-type EOC cells. It has been shown that phosphorylation of CtIP (RBBP8) is required for the interaction with BRCA1 and with MRN to promote DNA double-strand break (DSB) resection during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Mechanistic studies within reveal that triapine inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and blocks olaparib-induced CtIP phosphorylation through Chk1 activation. Furthermore, triapine abrogates etoposide-induced CtIP phosphorylation and DSB resection as evidenced by marked attenuation of RPA32 phosphorylation. Concurrently, triapine obliterates etoposide-induced BRCA1 foci and sensitizes BRCA1 wild-type EOC cells to etoposide. Using a GFP-based HRR assay, it was determined that triapine suppresses HRR activity induced by an I-SceI–generated DSB. These results suggest that triapine augments the sensitivity of BRCA wild-type EOC cells to drug-induced DSBs by disrupting CtIP-mediated HRR. Implications: These findings provide a strong rationale for combining triapine with PARP or topoisomerase inhibitors to target HRR-proficient EOC cells. Mol Cancer Res; 12(3); 381–93. ©2014 AACR.
Highly Compact VHF/UHF Dual-Band/Dual-Function LTCC Circuits: Application to Avionic Systems

New architecture for a compact dual-band coupler filter suitable for avionic systems operating in the VHF 108-137 MHz and UHF 329-335-MHz bands is proposed. A systematic design methodology is presented, whereby, starting with a distributed branchline coupler, equivalent lumped-element models are generated and augmented to obtain the desired functionality. The resulting topology of interconnected inductors and capacitors is designed in an LTCC technology with a very small form factor. This circuit is fabricated and tested. Measured results are in close agreement with simulation and show that the circuit meets the required specifications.
Regional Circulation and Capillary Filtration in Relation to Capillary Exchange in the Foot and Calf of the Newborn Infant

The ultimate purpose of the circulatory system is the maintenance of an exchange of oxygen, water, electrolytes, nutrients and metabolites across capillary walls, which is adequate to the rate of cellular metabolism. The movement of molecules between the circulating blood and the extravascular tissue spaceb is known to occur generally at rates many times that of blood flow itself. The capillary endothelium is considered to take no active part in this transfer, but to behave as a porous membrane through which molecules may pass with extreme rapidity. It is also a well-established fact that diffusion predominates in this transcapillary exchange, taking place at a rate in accordance with the chemical conccntration gradient and physicochemical properties of the particular substance [21]. The molecules of water diffuse freely between the plasma and the tissue fluid. Nevertheless. net movements of fluid across the capillary membrane take place by filtration in response to disequilibrium of hydrostatic and osmotic forces, acting over the capillary wall. This nowadays generally accepted concept of the exchange of fluid across capillary membranes goes
Upper-Extremity Explosive Resistance Training With Older Adults Can Be Regulated Using the Rating of Perceived Exertion

Abstract Row Lazzarini, BR, Dropp, M, and Lloyd, W. Upper-extremity explosive resistance training with older adults can be regulated using the rating of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 831–836, 2017—Explosive resistance training (ERT) improves muscle strength and power in older adults. Previous work has determined that the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale can be used to regulate ERT loads for older adults on the leg press exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the Borg RPE scale and ERT loads relative to the 1 repetition maximum (%1RM) in older adults during the chest press exercise. Healthy seniors (n = 10 men, mean [SD] age 75.8 [7.9]; n = 10 women, age 73.0 [6.3]) took part in 2 sessions on nonconsecutive days. During the first session, subjects reported their RPE during multiple ERT repetitions on the chest press for 7 loads across the spectrum of “light” to “heavy”, ranging from 20 to 105% body weight. The loads, concealed from the participants, were presented in randomized order. During the second session, a 1RM strength test was conducted. Each load experienced on the first visit was calculated as %1RM. Rating of perceived exertion was averaged across subjects for each 5% range of 1RM from 35% 1RM to 110% 1RM. Regression analysis was used to determine if RPE predicts %1RM during chest press ERT. Rating of perceived exertion predicted the %1RM corresponding with chest press ERT loads (R 2 = 97.6%, SEE 3.6, p < 0.001). Loads that would elicit both strength and power gains (70–90% 1RM) corresponded with an RPE of 14–17. As previously demonstrated with the leg press, ERT loads can be regulated for older adults during the chest press using RPE, allowing ERT to be conducted without maximal strength testing. This approach may increase the adoption of this training method for a broader spectrum of seniors.
Identification of Membrane Insertion Sequences of the Rabbit Gastric Cholecystokinin-A Receptor by in VitroTranslation*

To determine which amino acid sequences account for transmembrane folding of G7 receptors, the membrane domain of the rabbit cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) G-protein-coupled receptor has been investigated by in vitro transcription/translation of two types of fusion vectors containing sequences that include putative transmembrane segments. First, the seven putative transmembrane domains of the CCK-A receptor were inserted individually into pGEM vectors beginning with the cDNA encoding the first 101 (HK-M0) or 139 (HK-M1) amino acids of the α subunit of the gastric H,K-ATPase. These were separated by the cDNA for the inserted transmembrane domains from the cDNA encoding the last 177 amino acids of the β subunit of the H,K-ATPase containing five N-linked glycosylation consensus sequences (Bamberg, K., and Sachs, G. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16909–16919). Transcription/translation of these fusion vectors in rabbit reticulocyte lysate ± dog pancreatic microsomes followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis defined the presence of signal anchor sequences in HK-M0 by glycosylation and stop transfer sequences in HK-M1 by inhibition of glycosylation. Six out of the seven putative transmembrane domains had membrane insertion signals, but no membrane insertion activity was found for the H3 segment in these vectors. To test the effect of specific upstream and downstream sequences on membrane insertion, vectors were also made starting with the cDNA encoding the N terminus of the CCK-A receptor separated from the last 177 amino acids of the H,K-ATPase β subunit by cDNA encoding CCK-A receptor sequences of different lengths. In addition to transcription/translation, endoglycosidase H treatment was used to verify glycosylation when multiple bands were found in the presence of microsomes. The four positive charges in the loop between H1 and H2 were required for the correct orientation of the first transmembrane domain. The H3 segment acted as a stop transfer sequence only when the whole N terminus and H3 were followed by the positive charges in the cytoplasmic loop between H3 and H4. The activity of H6 as a signal anchor sequence depended on preceding positive charges. These translation data using two types of fusion vectors establish a seven-transmembrane folding model using only in vitrotranslation for the CCK-A receptor beginning with two signal anchor sequences and then alternating stop transfer and signal anchor insertions. Positive charges between H1 and H2, H3 and H4, and H5 and H6 function as cytoplasmic anchors in the membrane folding of this receptor.
Computing Rational Points in Convex Semialgebraic Sets and Sum of Squares Decompositions

Let $\mathcal{P}=\{h_1,\dots,h_s\}\subset\mathbb{Z}[Y_1,\dots,Y_k]$, $D\geq\deg(h_i)$ for $1\leq i\leq s$, $\sigma$ bounding the bit length of the coefficients of the $h_i$'s, and let $\Phi$ be a quantifier-free $\mathcal{P}$-formula defining a convex semialgebraic set. We design an algorithm returning a rational point in $\mathcal{S}$ if and only if $\mathcal{S}\cap\mathbb{Q}\neq\emptyset$. It requires $\sigma^{\mathrm{O}(1)}D^{\mathrm{O}(k^3)}$ bit operations. If a rational point is outputted, its coordinates have bit length dominated by $\sigma D^{\mathrm{O}(k^3)}$. Using this result, we obtain a procedure for deciding whether a polynomial $f\in\mathbb{Z}[X_1,\dots,X_n]$ is a sum of squares of polynomials in $\mathbb{Q}[X_1,\dots,X_n]$. Denote by $d$ the degree of $f$, $\tau$ the maximum bit length of the coefficients in $f$, $D={n+d\choose n}$, and $k\leq D(D+1)-{n+2d\choose n}$. This procedure requires $\tau^{\mathrm{O}(1)}D^{\mathrm{O}(k^3)}$ bit operations, and the coefficients of the outputted polynomials have bit length dominated by $\tau D^{\mathrm{O}(k^3)}$.
Area Preserving Strain Limiting

In this paper we present a novel fast strain-limiting method that allows cloth to preserve its surface area efﬁciently. By preserving triangle area rather than edge length as other approaches do, this method does not remove the degrees of freedom of triangles and does not suffer from locking. Borrowing ideas from ﬂuid simulation, we deﬁne pressures in each triangle and solve the global linear equation which shows a faster convergence over prior approaches which use Gauss-Seidel-like iterations. The linear equation is easy to build by using edge and normal vectors and can be solved using Conjugate Gradient solver with regularization which not only helps the solver converge fast but also allows users to have a control over the stretchiness of cloth materials. Our area preserving strain limiting (APSL) can be also used as stand-alone cloth solver with linear bending springs. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) : I.3. 7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation I.6. 8 [Simulation and Modeling]: Types of Simulation—Animation
Simpler Editing of Spatially−Connected Graph Hierarchies using Zipping Algorithms

Graph hierarchies, the data structures that result from hierarchically clustering the nodes of a graph, are widely used as a multi-scale way of representing data in many computing fields, including image segmentation, mesh simplification, hierarchical pathfinding and visualisation. As a result, significant efforts have been made over the years to find ways of constructing ‘good’ graph hierarchies, a task that is an instance of the hierarchical segmentation problem. However, it is still comparatively rare to see techniques for editing graph hierarchies, despite the fact that such editing has many potential uses, e.g. for tasks such as correcting initially poor segmentations of images, or visualising the effects of hypothetical changes to a network. We believe that this relative lack of attention may be partly explained by the fact that graph hierarchies in many domains have spatial connectivity constraints associated with them that must be preserved during editing, significantly complicating the development of techniques that require non-trivial changes to be made to the hierarchy. In this paper, we therefore propose a way of facilitating the development of editing algorithms for such ‘spatially-connected graph hierarchies’ by introducing multi-level split and merge algorithms (‘zipping algorithms’) for them that can be used as building blocks for more sophisticated editing. We demonstrate the advantages of our zipping algorithms by using them to solve the practical problem of how to merge non-sibling image regions in millipede, our tool for 3D hierarchical image segmentation. We also demonstrate how our zipping algorithms can be used to reformulate existing techniques in the literature to make them either more general or easier to understand.
Imperfect Demand Expectations and Endogenous Business Cycles

Optimal growth models aim at explaining long run trends of growth under the strong assumption of full efficiency in the allocation of resources. As a result, the steady state time paths of the main economic aggregates reflect constant, exogenous or endogenous, growth. To introduce business cycles in this optimality structure one has to consider some source of inefficiency. By assuming that firms adopt a simple non optimal rule to predict future demand, we let investment decisions to depart from the ones that would guarantee the total efficiency outcome. The new investment hypothesis is considered under three growth setups (the simple one equation Solow model of capital accumulation, the Ramsey model with consumption utility maximization, and a two sector endogenous growth setup); for each one of the models, we find that endogenous business cycles of various orders (regular and irregular) are observable