Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining air pollutant emission rates based on mass balance using airborne measurement data over the Alberta oil sands operations

Abstract. Top-down approaches to measure total integrated emissions provide verification of bottom-up, temporally resolved, inventory-based estimations. Aircraft-based measurements of air pollutants from sources in the Canadian oil sands were made in support of the Joint Canada–Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring during a summer intensive field campaign between 13 August and 7 September 2013. The measurements contribute to knowledge needed in support of the Joint Canada–Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring. This paper describes the top-down emission rate retrieval algorithm (TERRA) to determine facility emissions of pollutants, using SO2 and CH4 as examples, based on the aircraft measurements. In this algorithm, the flight path around a facility at multiple heights is mapped to a two-dimensional vertical screen surrounding the facility. The total transport of SO2 and CH4 through this screen is calculated using aircraft wind measurements, and facility emissions are then calculated based on the divergence theorem with estimations of box-top losses, horizontal and vertical turbulent fluxes, surface deposition, and apparent losses due to air densification and chemical reaction. Example calculations for two separate flights are presented. During an upset condition of SO2 emissions on one day, these calculations are within 5 % of the industry-reported, bottom-up measurements. During a return to normal operating conditions, the SO2 emissions are within 11 % of industry-reported, bottom-up measurements. CH4 emissions calculated with the algorithm are relatively constant within the range of uncertainties. Uncertainty of the emission rates is estimated as less than 30 %, which is primarily due to the unknown SO2 and CH4 mixing ratios near the surface below the lowest flight level.
The effect of slip length on vortex rebound from a rigid boundary

The problem of a dipole incident normally on a rigid boundary, for moderate to large Reynolds numbers, has recently been treated numerically using a volume penalisation method by Nguyen van yen, Farge, and Schneider [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 184502 (2011)]. Their results indicate that energy dissipating structures persist in the inviscid limit. They found that the use of penalisation methods intrinsically introduces some slip at the boundary wall, where the slip approaches zero as the Reynolds number goes to infinity, so reducing to the no-slip case in this limit. We study the same problem, for both no-slip and partial slip cases, using compact differences on a Chebyshev grid in the direction normal to the wall and Fourier methods in the direction along the wall. We find that for the no-slip case there is no indication of the persistence of energy dissipating structures in the limit as viscosity approaches zero and that this also holds for any fixed slip length. However, when the slip length is taken to vary.
Benchmarking : An International Journal Objectives priority in university strategy map for resource allocation

Objectives priority in university strategy map for resource allocation Fariborz Rahimnia Naghmeh Kargozar Article information: To cite this document: Fariborz Rahimnia Naghmeh Kargozar , (2016),"Objectives priority in university strategy map for resource allocation", Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 23 Iss 2 pp. 371 387 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/BIJ-09-2013-0094
Further results on the perception of place coarticulation in Taiwanese stops

Previous study of place coarticulation using logistic discrimination [Peng and Nearey, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 3110(A) (1997)] showed that 87% of Taiwanese word‐final dental or velar stops in stop consonant clusters [CVstop1‐stop2V(C)] spoken in various speech rates were correctly classified based on formant transitions from the preceding vowel. This automatic classification was sigificantly (though only moderately) correlated with categorization by Taiwanese speakers in a concept formation test. An earlier study [Peng (1996)] also showed that there was not a consistent correlation between Taiwanese listeners’ categorization of the stops and patterns of gestural overlapping shown in EPG measurements. To avoid complication involving listeners’ difficulty with the concept formation task and the influence of native speakers’ lexical knowledge, the present study examined the perception of the stops by phonetically trained listeners in a different experimental paradigm. Listeners were asked to identify the co.
4U 1626-67 as Seen by Suzaku Before and After the 2008 Torque Reversal

Aims, The accretion-powered pulsar 4U 1626-67 experienced a new torque reversal at the beginning of 2008, after about 18 years of steadily spinning down. The main goal of the present work is to study this recent torque reversal that occurred in 2008 February. Methods. We present a spectral analysis of this source using two pointed observations pctformed by SuzakU in 2006 March and in 2010 September, Results, We confirm with Suzaku. the presence of a strong emission-Hne complex centered on 1 keV, with the stronge. lt line being the bydrogen-like Ne Lya at 1,025(3) keY. We were able to resolve this complex with up to seven emission lines, A dnunR;tic increase of the intensity of the Ne Lya line after the 2008 torque rcven.al occurred, with me equivalent width of this line reaching almost the same value measured by ASCA in 1993 . We also report on the detection of a cyclotron line feature centered at -37k.cV. In spite of the fact that an increase of the X-ray luminosity (O.5-100keV) of a factor of -2.8 occwred between these two observations, no significant change in the energy of the cyclotron line feature was observed. However, the intensity of the -1 keY line complex increased by an overall factor of -8. Conclusions. Our results favor a scenario in which the neutron star in 4U 1626-67 accretes material 'from a geometrically thin disk during both the spin-up and spin-down phases. Key word •. accretion, accretion disks - binaries:close - pulsars: individual (4U 1626-67 ) - stars : neutron - X-rays: binaries
Mediating role of self-compassion, emotional regulation on the relationship between, and psychological distress

Objective: University students experience higher levels of psychological distress compared to the general population. Clark and Watson (1991) introduced the Tripartite Model, proposing that psychological distress is operationalised by depression, anxiety and stress. Although self-compassion and emotional regulation have been shown to be associated with lower levels of psychological distress, the relationship between these variable has been vastly understudied. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design using online questionnaires measuring emotional regulation, self-compassion and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress). Data were collected from 89 Australian university students. Results: As predicted, bivariate correlations found that self-compassion, emotional regulation, and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), were all significantly correlated. Regression analyses highlighted that self-compassion significantly accounted for 44% of the variance of psychological distress; emotional regulation did not significantly account for variance of psychological distress. Following this, three single mediations based on significant correlations were conducted. Mediation analyses found that emotional regulation mediated the relationship between self-compassion and depression. However emotional regulation did not mediate the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety, or self-compassion and stress. Conclusions: The results highlight the mediating role of emotional regulation on self-compassion and depression. Future research is warranted to better understand the role of emotional regulation the depression–intrusion relationship, which may shed light on the clinical applicability of self-compassion targeted intervention for enhancing emotional regulation in university students experiencing depression. Received: 26-7-2017 Revised: 2-8-2017 Published: 5-8-2017
Optimal Sequential Search and Optimal Consumption-Leisure Choice

This paper describes the static model of consumption-leisure choice in which both the maximization of utility and the maximization of precautionary savings for sequential purchases are constrained by the equality of the marginal costs of search to their marginal benefits. The marginal rate of substitution of leisure for consumption appears in the specific form, which updates the Cobb-Douglas utility function and provides search behavior with the optimal stopping rule. This rule bridges the gap between the neoclassical explanation of search behavior and the search-satisficing concept. The original arrangements of polar models of behavior, the overconsumption effect, the Veblen effect, and Protestant work ethics complete the presentation of the model. JEL Classification: D01, D11, D83, D91.
The effects of streneous exercise on intramuscular magnesium concentrations and muscle metabolism

P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P MRS) has been used to measure phosphorous containing compounds in skeletal muscle. Perhaps the most established use has been to measure muscle oxidative metabolism using the rate of recovery of phosphocreatine after exercise, although intramuscular magnesium concentrations have been measured using the frequency shift of the beta-ATP peak. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our ability to measure muscle metabolism and intramuscular magnesium in the quadriceps muscles twice before and twice after two hours of moderate intensity walking. Twelve normal, healthy male volunteers were tested in a 3 Tesla magnet. In vivo phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics was measured after 30-39 second bouts of isometric exercise. Out of 12 subjects, the data from one subject was not used. The mean end exercise PCr was 47.6% and the mean end exercise pH was 6.97. PCr recovery averaged 39 seconds (p = 0.892) and had an interclass correlation coefficient between days (ICC) of 0.819. Intramuscular magnesium concentrations averaged 0.388 mM and had a COV% between days of 7.91%. Prior strenuous exercise did not produce significant alterations in either PCr recovery kinetics or intracellular magnesium levels (p = 0.440). In conclusion, despite excellent signal to noise values, PCr recovery after exercise has modest reproducibility. In addition, prior exercise is unlikely to alter measurements of resting metabolites or muscle metabolism.
Towards a common framework for developing cross-nationally comparable reference budgets in Europe

Reference budgets could play an important role in the work of measuring poverty and assessing income adequacy, and in the process of monitoring social inclusion policies in the European Union. As the reference budgets that are already constructed in some European countries are all developed rather independently from each other, they are not directly comparable due to substantial differences in objectives and methods used. In this paper we sketch how to move forward towards the construction of cross-country comparable reference budgets. A common theoretical framework, a common methodology and commonly agreed criteria are essential building blocks. We discuss the choices we have made in order to start developing cross-nationally comparable reference budgets for Belgium, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy and Spain in the project ImPRovE , a project financed by the European Commission.
Risk-based testing programme for Mycobacterium bovis following a clinical case in a zoological garden

Mycobacterium bovis is a strictly controlled disease. Outbreaks in zoos result in animal movement bans, disease investigation and euthanasia of infected animals. Both specific tuberculosis legislation and European Directive 92/65, often known as the "Balai" directive, require zoos to be free from tuberculosis in order to import and export animals. This paper describes the use of a risk based targeted testing programme for tuberculosis following a confirmed case of disease. This regime ensured a comprehensive but proportionate disease investigation developed through close co-operation with government veterinary officials, therefore limiting the impact of anaesthetic procedures and animal handling required to complete the necessary testing.
XYLEMANATOMYOF BETULAPENDULA ROTHSAPLINGS: RELATIONSHIP TO PHYSICAL VASCULAR MODELS

En las coniferas y las angiospermas difuso-porosas, los elementos traqueales tienen un importante rol en el soporte estructural y el transporte de agua. En estas plantas se espera que el conflicto entre las funciones mecanicas e hidraulicas resulte en un transporte de agua menos eficiente a nivel de planta entera que lo esperado para plantas cuyos conductos no cumplen un rol estructural importante (enredaderas y arboles con madera difuso-porosa). En este trabajo analizamos la arquitectura vascular de juveniles de Betula pendula con el fin de examinar predicciones para arboles difuso-porosos. Los tejidos basales, donde las demandas mecanicas son mayores, no se ajustaron a la ley de Murray (conservacion de Zr3). Aunque las porciones distales se ajustaron significativamente a la ley de Murray, exponentes menores describieron mejor la relacion entre niveles consecutivos. Encontramos un incremento acropetalo moderado en el numero de vasos, contrario al modelo de West, Brown y Enquist, pero aproximado al optimo de la ley de Murray. El area de conduccion disminuyo acropetalamente, resultando en un perfil de area conico que es mecanicamente estable, pero de baja eficiencia de transporte, como se predice para especies difuso-porosas. Sin embargo, esta tendencia en el area de conduccion fue desigual, donde la mayor reduccion en area ocurre entre las ramas terminales y los peciolos. La arquitectura vascular de las plantas lenosas parece responder de manera distinta a diferentes restricciones, dependiendo del nivel de ramificacion y de las funciones mecanicas asociadas a este.
Clemens, Graeme and Bird, Benjamin and Weida, Miles and Rowlette, Jeremy and Baker, Matthew J. (2014) Quantum cascade laser-based mid- infrared spectrochemical imaging of tissue and biofluids. Spectroscopy

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The nature of the high Galactic latitude O-star HD 93521: new results from X-ray and optical spectroscopy

Context. Owing to its unusual location and its isolation, the nature o f the high Galactic latitude O9.5 Vp object HD 93521 is still uncertain. Aims. We have collected X-ray and optical observations to characterize the star and its surroundings. Methods. X-ray images and spectra are analyzed to search for traces of a recent star formation event around HD 93521 and to search for the signature of a possible compact companion. Optical echelle spectra are analysed with plane-parallel model atmosphere codes, assuming either a spherical star or a gravity darkened rotat ionally flattened star, to infer the e ffective temperature and surface gravity, and to derive the He, C, N and O abundances of HD 93521. Results. The X-ray images reveal no traces of a population of young low-mass stars coeval with HD 93521. The X-ray spectrum of HD 93521 is consistent with a normal late O-type star although with subsolar metallicity. No trace of a compact companion is found in the X-ray data. In the optical spectrum, He and N are found to be overabundant, in line with the effect of rotational mixing in this very fast rotator, whilst C and O are subsolar. A critical comparison with the properties of subdwarf OB stars, indicates that, despite some apparent similarities, HD 93521 does not belong to this category. Conclusions. Despite some ambiguities on the runaway status of the star, the most likely explanation is that HD 93521 is a Population I massive O-type star that was ejected from the Galactic plane either through dynamical interactions or a result of a super nova event in a binary system.
Analytical Review on Textual Queries Semantic Search based Video Retrieval

: Semantic search based video retrieval is hard problem due to limited set of vocabulary. Textual queries semantic search based video retrieval is able to detect object from video frames, first the sentence is converted into parse tree than noun, verb, adverb present in that sentence is converted into semantic graph. And construct the semantic meaningful graph gives the semantic structure and matches the nouns, verb and adverb detected in the video frame and also detect the action and position of the object by using semantic meaningful graph. The developed approach is to first sentence is converted into parse tree and object detection takes place. First textual query is matched to concept. The advantage of textual queries approach is object appearance and motion by using structure prediction. Textual queries semantic search can contain temporal and spatial information about multiple objects like trees and building present in the scene.
A Cellular Automata-Based Simulation Tool for Real Fire Accident Prevention

Many serious real-life problems could be simulated using cellular automata theory. There were a lot of fires in public places which kill many people. Proposed method, called Cellular Automata Evaluation (CAEva in short), is using cellular automata theory and could be used for checking buildings conditions for fire accident. The tests performed on real accident showed that an appropriately configured program allows obtaining a realistic simulation of human evacuation. The authors analyze some real accidents and proved that CAEva method appears as a very promising solution, especially in the cases of building renovations or temporary unavailability of escape routes.
A conceptual model for assessing rainfall and vegetation trends in sub‐Saharan Africa from satellite data

Policymakers, governments and aid agencies require operational environmental monitoring in support of evidence‐based policy‐making and resource deployment in crisis situations. For Africa, this is only feasible at sub‐continental scale with a large network of automated meteorological stations, a large number of highly coordinated field observers or with satellite remote sensing. The challenge with satellite data lies in the derivation of meaningful environmental indicators. This article describes a conceptual framework for understanding satellite‐derived indicators of rainfall and vegetation greenness trends over Africa. It attributes observed vegetation changes to climatic (i.e. rainfall linked) and non‐climatic drivers. A decade of annual rainfall and vegetation data over sub‐Saharan Africa was analysed using satellite‐based rainfall estimates [Famine Early Warning System Rainfall Estimation 2.0 (FEWSNET RFE 2.0)] from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Climate Prediction Centre and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from the Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre Vegetation (SPOT‐VGT) sensor. Rainfall and vegetation greenness trends were analysed for 759 administrative regions of sub‐Saharan Africa to identify those regions that have experienced a negative, positive or stable rainfall/vegetation trend over the period 2001–2010. The character of the relationship between the annual rainfall and max NDVI trends were examined to identify areas where the changes in greenness could be attributed to climatic (rainfall) and non‐climatic (human land use or ecological disturbance) changes. Regions where increasing rainfall was associated with vegetation greening were found in West Africa, Central African Republic, West Cameroon and northeastern part of South Africa, whereas areas with evidence of ‘climatic vegetation degradation’ were located in Southern Madagascar, Nigeria, Kenya and the Garden Route region of South Africa.
Students' Framing of Language Learning Practices in Social Networking Sites

The amount of time that people, especially young people, spend on communicative activities in social media is rapidly increasing. We are facing new arenas with great potential for learning in general and for language learning in particular, but their impact on learning is not yet acknowledged as such in educational practice (e.g., Conole, 2010; Lewis, Pea, & Rosen, 2010; Thorne, 2009). The aim of this case study is to scrutinize how social networking sites (SNSs) serve as new contexts for learning when implemented in school practices. The focus is mainly on how students frame (Goffman, 1974/1986) this activity to scrutinize the implications for their language learning and how they learn to communicate in culturally relevant and productive ways. By applying a socio-cultural-historical theoretical view of communication (Vygotsky, 1939/1978; Wertsch, 1998���WKLVSDSHUUH SRUWV�? QGLQJVIU
WATER TREATMENT RESIDUALS AGGREGATE SIZE INFLUENCES PHOSPHORUS SORPTION KINETICS AND PMAX VALUES

Drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) are used as a soil amendment to minimize off-site P movement and increase a soil's phosphorus (P) sorption capacity. The aggregate size of WTRs may affect sorption kinetics and P sorption maxima (Pmax) values. We hypothesize that finer-sized WTRs aggregates will have higher kinetic sorption rates and Pmax values than coarser-size aggregates. The objectives were to determine WTRs aggregate size effects on kinetic rates of P sorption, on the magnitude of Pmax values, and the time necessary to reach equilibrium with P. A WTR sample was ground and sieved into five aggregate size ranges (<0.5, 0.5 to 1.0, 1.0 to 2.0, 2.0 to 4.0, and >4 mm). Phosphorus sorption isotherms for each aggregate size range were determined as a function of time (between 24 and 120 h). Reaction rate constants (k) were determined by using a first-order reaction equation and Pmax values for each aggregate size range were calculated from the linear form of the Langmuir equation. The <0.5-mm WTRs aggregates had the highest k values, and the rates decreased with an increase in aggregate size. All isotherms showed that aggregate size ranges reached equilibrium between 72 and 96 h. There was a strong linear (r2 between 0.78 and 0.96) and significant (P < 0.05) relationship between C (C = mean equilibrium P conc.) and C Q−1 (Q = P sorbed). Coarse-sized WTR aggregates (between 1.0 and >4.0-mm) had Pmax values of <94 mg g−1, whereas fine-sized (<1.0-mm) aggregates had values >98 mg g−1. Aggregate size has an important influence on WTRs P sorption characteristics; therefore, it is recommended that aggregate size should be strongly considered when determining P isotherms or using residuals as a soil amendment to reduce non-point source P contamination of surface water bodies.