Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Word Embeddings to Enforce Document-Level Lexical Consistency in Machine Translation

Abstract We integrate new mechanisms in a document-level machine translation decoder to improve the lexical consistency of document translations. First, we develop a document-level feature designed to score the lexical consistency of a translation. This feature, which applies to words that have been translated into different forms within the document, uses word embeddings to measure the adequacy of each word translation given its context. Second, we extend the decoder with a new stochastic mechanism that, at translation time, allows to introduce changes in the translation oriented to improve its lexical consistency. We evaluate our system on English–Spanish document translation, and we conduct automatic and manual assessments of its quality. The automatic evaluation metrics, applied mainly at sentence level, do not reflect significant variations. On the contrary, the manual evaluation shows that the system dealing with lexical consistency is preferred over both a standard sentence-level and a standard document-level phrase-based MT systems.
Optimal Long‐Term Infrastructure Maintenance Planning Accounting for Traffic Dynamics

Abstract: Periodic infrastructure maintenance is crucial for a safe and efficient transportation system. Numerous decision models for the maintenance planning problem have been proposed in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no model exists that simultaneously accounts for traffic dynamics and is intended for long‐term planning purposes. This article addresses this gap in the literature. A mixed‐integer bi‐level program is introduced that minimizes the long‐term maintenance cost as well as the total system travel time. For the solution approach we utilize a genetic algorithm in conjunction with mesoscopic traffic simulation. The model is illustrated via a numerical example.
Data-driven finger motion synthesis with interactions

The film and video-game industries' rapidly increasing demand for realistic virtual characters is pushing for the development of fast and efficient character animation techniques. The use of motion capture has become an industry standard. While motion capture systems allow the production of high fidelity full-body motions, in most cases, the complex finger movements are later animated manually. Several methods have been suggested to automatically synthesize finger motions. An overview can be found in Wheatland et al. [WWS*15]. Most of these methods either do not consider interactions and collisions or are computationally intensive.
Breast cancer risk associated with genotypic polymorphism of the mitosis‐regulating gene Aurora‐A/STK15/BTAK

Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is relatively common and occurs early in breast cancer development. This observation supports a breast tumorigenic contribution of mechanisms responsible for maintaining chromosome number stability in which centrosomes play an essential role. We therefore speculated that the Aurora‐A/STK15/BTAK gene, implicated in the regulation of centrosome duplication, may be associated with breast tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case‐control study of 709 primary breast cancer patients and 1,972 healthy controls, examining single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including a suggested functional Phe31Ile SNP, in Aurora‐A. We were also interested in knowing whether any association between Aurora‐A and breast cancer was modified by reproductive risk factors reflecting susceptibility to estrogen exposure. Our hypothesis is that, since estrogen is known to promote breast cancer development via its mitogenic effect leading to malignant proliferation on breast epithelium and since Aurora‐A is involved in regulating mitosis, the discovery of a joint effect between the Aurora‐A genotype and reproductive risk factors on cancer risk might yield valuable clues to the association of breast tumorigenesis with estrogen. Support for this hypothesis came from the following observations. (i) Two SNPs in Aurora‐A were significantly associated with breast cancer risk (p < 0.05). (ii) Haplotype analyses, based on different combinations of multiple SNPs in Aurora‐A, revealed a strong association with breast cancer risk; interestingly, the genotypic distribution of the suggested functional Phe31Ile SNP was not significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls, but the specific haplotype containing the putative at‐risk Ile allele was more common in patients. (iii) This association between risk and putative high‐risk genotypes was stronger and more significant in women thought to be more susceptible to estrogen, i.e., those with a longer interval between menarche and first full‐term pregnancy. (iv) The protective effect conferred by a history of full‐term pregnancy was significant only in women with a putative low‐risk genotype of Aurora‐A. Our study provides new findings supporting the mutator role of Aurora‐A in breast cancer development, suggesting that breast cancer could be driven by genomic instability associated with variant Aurora‐A, the tumorigenic contribution of which could be enhanced as a result of increased mitosis due to estrogen exposure. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of high impedance surfaces for surface wave elimination

The high impedance surface (HIS) is an artificial material, of which the surface shows very high impedance within its working frequency band. In this paper, the high impedance surface is used as a space stopband filter for the surface wave elimination in antenna and electromagnetic compatibility engineering. The fundamental of HIS is presented, and its performance in real engineering applications is verified. Two kinds of high impedance surfaces are tested: the mushroom-type high impedance surface used for the back lobe reduction of microstrip patch antennas, and the cavity-type high impedance surface used for the noise reduction inside the metal shielding box. Measurement results show the efficiency of the designed high impedance surfaces.
Effects of mechanical and osmotic pressure on the rate of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the human adult femoral head cartilage: An in vitro study

We studied the effects of mechanical and osmotic compression on sulphate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans of human femoral head cartilage. We found that both mechanical and osmotic compression produce the same lowering of sulphate uptake relative to uncompressed controls. It appears that this effect is not associated with changes in solute transport or changes in solute concentration in the matrix, but is due, in part at least, to an increased osmotic pressure acting on the chondrocytes. A second mechanism of action might be involved directly through the increased proteoglycan concentration in the pericellular environment, resulting from a reduction in the water content. We also found that glycosaminoglycan synthesis returned to its control level when the conditions prevailing in the matrix, in the absence of pressure or added solute, were restored.
A template model for agent-based simulations

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a bottom-up modeling approach, where each entity of the system being modeled is uniquely represented as an independent decision-making agent. ABMs are very sensitive to implementation details. Thus, it is very easy to inadvertently introduce changes which modify model dynamics. Such problems usually arise due to the lack of transparency in model descriptions, which constrains how models are assessed, implemented and replicated. In this paper, we present a template ABM which aims to serve as a basis for a series of investigations, including, but not limited to, conceptual model specification, statistical analysis of simulation output, model comparison and model parallelization. This paper focuses on the first two aspects (conceptual model specification and statistical analysis of simulation output), also providing a canonical implementation of the template ABM, such that it serves as a complete reference to the presented model. Additionally, this study is presented in a tutorial fashion, and can be used as a road map for simulation practitioners who wish to improve the way they communicate their ABMs.
Milieu in Dental School and Practice Differences Between ADEA Annual Session Poster Abstracts and Their Corresponding

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between abstracts of posters presented at the 79 (2002) and 80 (2003) Annual Session & Exhibition of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and the published full-length articles resulting from the same studies. The abstracts for poster presentation sessions were downloaded, and basic characteristics of the abstracts and their authors were determined. A PubMed search was then performed to identify the publication of full-length articles based on those abstracts in a peer-reviewed journal. The differences between the abstract and the article were examined and categorized as major and minor differences. Differences identified included authorship, title, materials and methods, results, conclusions, and funding. Data were analyzed with both descriptive and analytic statistics. Overall, 89 percent of the abstracts had at least one variation from its corresponding article, and 65 percent and 76 percent of the abstracts had at least one major and minor variation, respectively, from its corresponding article. The most prevalent major variation was in study results, and the most prevalent minor variation was change in the number of authors. The discussion speculates on some possible reasons for these differences. Dr. Yuan is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Galang is Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Lee is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Barao is a researcher, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista; Dr. Shyamsunder is a resident, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics Program, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; and Dr. Sukotjo is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago. Direct correspondence and requests for reprints to Dr. Cortino Sukotjo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry (MC 555), University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Room 365B, Chicago, IL 60612-7211; 312-355-0360 phone; 312-996-3535 fax; csukotjo@uic.edu.
SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP) OBSERVATIONS: SKY MAPS, SYSTEMATIC ERRORS, AND BASIC RESULTS

New full-sky temperature and polarization maps based on seven years of data from WMAP are presented. The new results are consistent with previous results, but have improved due to reduced noise from the additional integration time, improved knowledge of the instrument performance, and improved data analysis procedures. The improvements are described in detail. The seven-year data set is well fit by a minimal six-parameter flat ΛCDM model. The parameters for this model, using the WMAP data in conjunction with baryon acoustic oscillation data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and priors on H0 from Hubble Space Telescope observations, are Ωbh2 = 0.02260 ± 0.00053, Ωch2 = 0.1123 ± 0.0035, ΩΛ = 0.728+0.015−0.016, ns = 0.963 ± 0.012, τ = 0.087 ± 0.014, and σ8 = 0.809 ± 0.024 (68% CL uncertainties). The temperature power spectrum signal-to-noise ratio per multipole is greater that unity for multipoles ℓ ≲ 919, allowing a robust measurement of the third acoustic peak. This measurement results in improved constraints on the matter density, Ωmh2 = 0.1334+0.0056−0.0055, and the epoch of matter–radiation equality, zeq = 3196+134−133, using WMAP data alone. The new WMAP data, when combined with smaller angular scale microwave background anisotropy data, result in a 3σ detection of the abundance of primordial helium, YHe = 0.326 ± 0.075. When combined with additional external data sets, the WMAP data also yield better determinations of the total mass of neutrinos, ∑mν ⩽ 0.58 eV(95%CL), and the effective number of neutrino species, Neff = 4.34+0.86−0.88. The power-law index of the primordial power spectrum is now determined to be ns = 0.963 ± 0.012, excluding the Harrison–Zel'dovich–Peebles spectrum by >3σ. These new WMAP measurements provide important tests of big bang cosmology.
A New Approach for Estimating Per-Transaction-Type Resource Consumption

In a middleware environment, various types of transactions are processed simultaneously. In such an environment, it is very important to know the amount of resources necessary for processing each type of transaction. Such data can be used both for resource planning and bottleneck identification. This report proposes a new approach to estimate the per-transaction-type resource consumption in a real production environment. Two types of execution logs are collected, and resource consumption is estimated by solving simultaneous equations based on these logs.
Apprentissage automatique de la propagation des étiquettes dans les réseaux sociaux multirelationnels

Nous considerons le probleme consistant a apprendre a annoter des documents avec des concepts ou des mots clefs dans des reseaux d’information avec contenu, ou les documents peuvent partager plusieurs types de relation. Ces concepts associes au document dependent a la fois de son contenu et de ses voisins dans le graphe a travers les differentes relations. Nous formalisons ce probleme comme de la classification multietiquette dans un multigraphe, les nœuds etant les documents et les arcs representant les differentes relations. Nous introduisons une nouvelle methode d’etiquetage des nœuds qui exploite a la fois le contenu et la structure multirelationnelle du graphe. L’algorithme apprend egalement a ponderer les differents types de relations selon leur importance pour la tâche d’annotation. Les experiences sur les differents corpora correspondent a differentes tâches d’annotation sur des articles scientifiques, des emails et des images de Flickr et montrent que le modele est capable de tirer parti de l’information relationnelle riche.
On feature-specific parameter learning in conditional random field-based approach for interactive object segmentation

Abstract. We propose an interactive object segmentation method which learns feature-specific segmentation parameters based on a single image. The first step is to design discriminative features for each pixel, which integrate four kinds of cues, i.e, the color Gaussian mixture model (GMM), the graph learning-based attribute, the texture GMM, and the geodesic distance. Then we formulate the segmentation problem as a conditional random field model in terms of fusing multiple features. While an image-specific parameter setting is practical in interactive segmentation, the efficiency of learning process highly depends on the type of user interaction and the designed features. We propose a feature-specific parameter learning strategy to learn model parameters, in which an offline training stage is not required and parameters are computed according to some sparsely labeled pixels on the basis of a single image. Extensive experiments show that the proposed segmentation model performs well for segmenting images with a weak boundary, texture, or cluttered background. Comparative experiment results demonstrate that our method can achieve both qualitative and quantitative improvements over other state-of-the-art interactive segmentation methods.
Pilot study of the study behavior inventory: Preliminary analysis of a new tool for health science education students -

Objective: While educational researchers have considered many factors related to academic performance in undergraduate education, the impact of specific study behaviors and skills directly related to improving performance in health science education have been largely overlooked. The purpose of the current study was to examine the preliminary reliability and validity of the study behavior inventory (SBI), a tool used for measuring study behaviors associated with higher academic performance among students in health science education programs. Materials and Methods: Participants were 34 (n = 34) students enrolled in various health science education programs (graduate studies in the health sciences = 11, health related professions = 6, medicine = 11, nursing = 3, and pharmacy = 3) receiving academic support services at an academic health science center in the southeastern United States. Students completed the SBI, the learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI), and the approaches and study skills inventory for students (ASSIST) prior to receiving services. Results: The internal consistency and the convergent validity of the SBI were assessed. The results indicated adequate Cronbach’s alpha for SBI’s time allocation (TA) scale (0.76) and strategy (ST) scale (0.71). Statistically significant positive correlations were found for the TA scale and LASSI’s time management scale and ASSIST’s strategic approach. Statistically significant positive correlations were found for the ST scale, and several LASSI scales measure learning strategies and ASSIST’s strategic and deep approaches. Conclusions: This pilot study provided preliminary evidence that the SBI is a reliable tool with convergent validity that can be used to assess study time management and study strategies utilized by health science students. More research on the psychometric properties of the SBI is warranted to establish the SBI as a valuable tool in the identification of study behaviors and skills related to academic performance in health science students.
Effect of severity of vestibular dysfunction on postural instability in idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy

Abstract Conclusions: Foam posturography reveals that idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy (IBV) significantly affects postural stability. Instability was more severe in patients with damage to both of the vestibular nerve systems. Residual function in the spared vestibular nerve system might contribute to postural stability in IBV. Objective: Postural stability was assessed using foam posturography in patients with IBV according to whether the inferior, superior or both of the vestibular nerve systems were affected. Methods: Two-legged stance tasks were performed by patients with IBV (n = 29) in four conditions: eyes open with and without foam rubber, and eyes closed with and without foam rubber. We examined six variables: the velocity of movement of the center of pressure (COP), the envelopment area traced by the movement of the COP, Romberg's ratio of velocity and area, and the foam ratios of velocity and area. Results: The presence of IBV was significantly positively related to all the variables in adjusting for the subjects' gender and age (p < 0.001). Five of the 29 patients (17%) with IBV required assistance to prevent falling with eyes closed/foam rubber. Four of these five patients showed bilateral canal paresis in caloric testing and bilaterally no responses in cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.
Parental Absence as a Consequence of Migration : Exploring its Origins and Perpetuation with Special Reference to Trinidad 1 by

While acknowledging that there are several reasons for which parents may be absent, there appears to be little insight into parental absence as a consequence of migration, a situation that seems to be severely understated despite its increasing global prevalence. In relation to Caribbean migration, its major phases of external outflows convey that parents have left in order to improve their living standards, as well as to economically support those left behind, who comprise mainly children. The literature suggests that for some of these children, the experience fosters healthy growth, development and strengthens kinship relations, while for others it may result in feelings of neglect, abandonment and loneliness. In this regard, the paper recognizes the need to further understand the nature of this phenomenon. By examining related literature, it attempts to trace and unravel the origins, as well as examine possible factors that may account for the perpetuation of parental migration with special reference to Trinidad and where necessary, the Caribbean region. Further, in providing information where there has been little consideration, it is hoped that this paper increases awareness and stimulates further research within this area.
Viral Monitoring and Prevalence of Viral Failure in HIV-1 Infected Children under First Line Antiretroviral Therapy during the First 60 Months of Treatment in Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Serial Cross Sectional Analysis

Objective: The objective was to measure the prevalence of viral failure (VF) in HIV-1-infected children on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in routine practice. Methods: Serial cross sectional analysis of viral load (VL) in HIV-1 infected children on first-line ART for ≥24 weeks was done. VL was measured by Real-Time-Polymerase chain reaction (biocentrics). Samples were collected at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 months of treatment. Main measurement: Virological failure (VF) defined by a one-off VL > 1000 copies/ml. Results: 375 children aged ≤16 years on first-line-ART were included. Median age at ART start was 4.2 years and ≥50% have started ART ≤3rd birthday. A total of 717 measurements of VL were collected. VF was rated between 18% and 26% from 6 - 60 months (mean 20.2%), 95% IC [13.1 - 27.3] at the threshold of 1000 copies/ml, not too different at the threshold of 400 copies/ml, 21% - 30% (mean 23.9%), 95% IC [16.3 - 31.5], p = 0.9. Conclusion: In Yaounde, almost 20% of children on first-line of adherent-ART can experiment VF while improving immune status urging improvement of adherence.
A Study of the Factors Influencing the Rate and Extent of Enzymic Reactivation during Reoxidation of Reduced Ribonuclease

The rate and extent of return of enzymic activity during oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups of reduced ribonuclease were studied under a variety of conditions. The rate of reactivation was found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of reduced protein. Under the most favorable conditions employed in this study (0.01 mg. protein/ ml., pH 8.2, 24” C.), enzymic activity was demonstrable within 5 min. and full restoration of activity was attained within 60 min. Studies of the sedimentation behavior of r ibonuclease during the course of reoxidation indicated that intermolecular disulfide bond formation occurs early in the reoxidation process. In agreement with the hypothesis that the native configuration is the thermodynamically most stable one, the aggregated material subsequently undergoes a spontaneous conversion to the fully active monomer. These findings indicate that the marked delay in reactivation previously observed with more concentrated solutions of the enzyme is not an inherent feature of the reoxidation process, but is, rather, the result of a concentration dependent intermolecular aggregaiion. Variations in pH and temperature were found to affect both the rate and the extent of enzymic reactivation, whereas orthophosphate ions, ribonucleic acid, native ribonuclease, and low concentrations of B-mercaptoethanol had no effect. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the information necessary for the conversion of a newly synthesized polypeptide chain to the native form of the protein molecule resides in the amino acid sequence and does not involve a genetically determined template.