Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTROATOMIZATION

Recent advances in electro-atomization are reviewed in this paper. In particular, the generation and control, via electro-hydrodynamics, of steady coaxial jets of immiscible liquids with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers. The eventual jet breakup results in an aerosol of monodisperse compound droplets with the outer liquid surrounding or encapsulating the inner one. Following this approach, we have produced monodisperse capsules with diameters which, depending on the running parameters, vary from 10 to 0.15 micrometers. In addition, we report here that conducting liquids can be steadily electrosprayed into a dielectric liquid atmosphere (heptane, silicone oil among others) in the steady cone-jet mode. The technique may be of interest for the production of fine emulsions, coating of particles containing drugs or any other substance, etc. Finally, we report recent experiments that show steady electrosprays of water in air at atmospheric pressure without corona discharge. These experiments contradict the belief that a steady cone-jet of water can never reached in air at atmospheric pressure since the electrical breakdown threshold of the surrounding air medium is lower than the electrical field required to form a water Taylor cone.
THE TRANSITION EXPERIENCE FROM HIGH SCHOOL TO COLLEGE: A LOOK AT SINGLE-SEX VERSUS COEDUCATIONAL GRADUATES AT THE COLLEGIATE LEVEL

THE TRANSITION EXPERIENCE FROM HIGH SCHOOL TO COLLEGE: A LOOK AT SINGLE-SEX VERSUS COEDUCATIONAL GRADUATES AT THE COLLEGIATE LEVEL by Colleen Keaney This study examined the impact of the transition to a coeducational (coed) college on female single-sex vs. coed high school graduates on academic achievement, social behavior, and psychological well-being, as well as their gender-related beliefs in college. Previous research has documented that women from single-sex schools benefit from their education academically both during and after high school, and have less genderstereotypical beliefs than their coed peers. Other research has shown that coed women benefit psychologically over single-sex women because of their high school environment. This study found that single-sex women perform better academically in college than coed women, but experience larger decreases in comfort in their transition to college. However, no significant differences were found in psychological well-being or genderstereotypical beliefs.
The influence of coastal morphology on the wave climate and wave energy resource of the west Irish coast

The wave climate and wave resource for two sites on the western coast of Ireland which possess steep bathymetric gradients and complex shorelines are investigated. One is situated in the southern part of Achill Island on the Co. Mayo coastline, whereas the second is centered at Killard point on the Co. Clare coast. The wave climate is estimated using the third generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III, forced with directional wave spectral data and 10m winds obtained from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) archive. The local area models are validated with wave buoy and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data for intermediate to shallow depths (50m or less) obtained from the ESB’s WestWave project. Our results show that for an accurate representation of the directionality in the nearshore, in particular for steep bathymetric slopes found at the cliffs and exposed rocky shores of the Irish coastline, reflection needs to be accounted for. It has been found that reflection affects mainly the directional spread of the resource and to a lesser degree the significant wave height.
Evaluation of the Suitability of the Bladed Disk Design Regarding the Danger of the Resonant Vibration Excitation

A suitability of the bladed disk design regarding the possibility of the resonant vibration excitation can be assessed on the basis of several approaches. Most information concerning the evaluation of the bladed disk design suitability is provided in the SAFE diagram but the possibility of exciting the action wheel resonant vibration can also be evaluated from the Campbell diagram. Further criterion is the assessment of the design suitability on the basis of a critical speed of the bladed disk. It especially causes breakdowns of relatively flexible disks. The suitability of the bladed disk with the blades of the ZN340-2 type was evaluated.
Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of root extracts of Carduus macracanthus

Medicinal plants have played a pivotal role in the primary healthcare and formed the basis of traditional systems of medicines. They are effective in the treatment of infectious diseases while simultaneously mitigating many side effects that are often associated with synthetic antimicrobials. A disease that caused through pathogenic microorganisms is the major cause of deaths across the world. Increasing cases of drug resistance, unwanted side effects of existing antibiotics and the reappearance of earlier known infections lead to the need for new, safe and effective antimicrobial agents[1-3]. Thus, phytoconstituents such as phenolics are being considered to be safe and provide lesser chances for microbes to develop drug resistance. Oxidative stress is mainly caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical (·OH), peroxide (ROO·) and superoxide radicals (O2· ). These reactive oxygen species are classes of compounds formed from oxygen metabolism, and are able to cause severe damage to cells and tissues. The effect of oxidative stress is linked to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases and many other health issues. Antioxidants are significant agents in reducing oxidative stress which damages cells and biological molecules[4]. Natural antioxidants such as bioactive flavonoids are of great ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Complementary inverter circuits based on p-SnO2 and n-In2O3 thin film transistors

Thin film transistors (TFTs) of indium oxide (In2O3) and tin oxide (SnO2) were fabricated on SiO2 gate dielectric using reactive evaporation process. Structural investigation of the films revealed that In2O3 films were polycrystalline in nature with preferred (222) orientation and SnO2 films exhibited amorphous nature. The x-ray photoelectric spectroscopy measurements suggest that SnO2 films were oxygen rich and presume mixed oxidation states of Sn, namely Sn2+ and Sn4+. While the In2O3 based TFTs possess n-type channel conduction, SnO2 based TFTs exhibited anomalous p-type conductivity. Integration of these n- and p-type devices resulted in complementary inverter with a gain of 11.
ANADOLU ÜNivERSiTESi BiLiM VE TEKNOLOJi DERGiSi

ÖZ Değişik çevresel streslerin bitki büyümesi ve pigmentasyonu üzerine etkileri Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Bezostaya-I, cv. Seri-82, cv. Kıraç-66) ve Triticum durum Desf. (cv. Kızıltan-91, cv. Kunduru 414-44, cv. ç.12S2) çeşit­ lerinde incelendi. Normal (241 16°C), düşük (SISC) ve yüksek (40/30°C) sıcaklık koşullarında büyütülen fideler altı gün süreyle su basması, kuraklık ve tuzluluk (% 0.7, w/w NaCl) streslerinin etkisinde bırakıldı. Sıcaklık ve su-tuz stresleri arasındaki çapraz etkileşimlere karşı fidelerin tepkileri incelendi. Düşük sıcaklık uygulamaları ile sürgün kuru ağırlığında önemli bir değişim gözlenmezken, yüksek sıcaklık uygulamaları önemli ölçüde kuru ağırlık kaybı­ na yol açmıştır. Su ve tuz stresieri ise düşük sıcaklık ve yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında önemli kuru ağırlık azalmasına neden olmuştur. Nisbi büyüme oranı buğday çeşitleri arasında önemli değişiklikler göstermiştir. Yüksek sıcaklık stresi altında klorofil içeriği önemli ölçüde azalırken, toplam kartenoid içeriği artış göstermiştir. Sonuçlar sıcaklık ve su-tuz stresleri arasındaki çapraz etkileşimlerin bitki büyümesi ve pigmentasyonu üzerinde farklı etkilere yol açtığı­ nı göstermektedir.
Pilot Study: Two-Stage Hybrid Model to Correlate Single Energy CT and PET in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreas adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and the fourth leading cause of cancerrelated mortality. While Computed Tomography (CT) has been commonly used clinically for the cancer staging and follow-up, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is known to be generally more accurate and sensitive for metastases and thus has great prognostic value. However, PET is more expensive and less accessible. This research is to explore the use of multivariate models to extract valuable information from CT to mimic the effects of PET. Based on the original 6 CT measures, 10 CT biomarkers are derived. The strongest correlation with PET SUV in the multivariate regression on the 6 original measures is r2=0.41 (r=0.64), on the 10 derived biomarkers is r2=0.55 (r=0.74). We developed a twostage hybrid model, where a multivariate classifier was developed to first separate the patients into the group with high SUV values vs. low SUV values, then the regression model was developed for each group respectively. The overall performance of this two-stage model is more promising with an r2=0.81 (r=0.90). We conclude advanced CT analytics has the potential to extract valuable information that correlates with PET SUV. Rationale and objectives: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is commonly studied by CT and PET. We aimed to see if information from CT could be used to simulate the results of PET. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 24 patients with pancreatic cancer who had both CT and PET in close temporal proximity was conducted. Measurements of the aorta, normal pancreatic tissue, solid and cystic portions of pancreatic tumors were performed resulting in 6 biomarkers. Ten more biomarkers were derived including the ratios of solid and cystic tumor mean and standard deviation to normal pancreas (and to each other), as well as signal-to-noise ratios of solid and cystic tumors to normal pancreas. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression were conducted on the original measures (6 biomarkers) and derived measures (10 biomarkers). A two-stage hybrid model integrating machine learning model with multivariate regression analysis was also studied. Results: The best results were obtained using the two-stage hybrid model. The regression model for low SUV (≤5) used cystic tumor mean (r2=0.68, r=0.83). The regression model for high SUV(>5) used tumor mean, the ratios of tumor mean to pancreas mean, tumor mean to aorta mean, standard deviation of tumor to aorta mean and signal-to-noise ratio of difference between the normal pancreas mean and solid tumor mean to standard deviation of pancreas (r2=0.86, r=0.93). The overall performance of the two-stage model is r2=0.81(r=0.90). Conclusion: Two-stage multivariate analysis of CT parameters can mimic the effects of PET to a reasonable extent, and signal-to-noise and standard deviation ratios may capture the essential nonlinearity of these relationships.
PENETRATION ANALYSlS OF CERAMIC ARMOR WITH COMPOSITE MATERIAL BACKING

This paper is concerned with the further development of the multi-stage penetration mechanics model of ceramic armor originally proposed in 1989 by Ravid & Bodner and revised in 1999. The 2D analysis relies on the treatment of the initial shock stage (1987), and on the model of 1983 for a rigid projectile penetrating a viscoplastic target. After the shock stage that leads to shattering of the ceramic layer, continued penetration of the projectile into fragmented ceramic, held in place by the backing plate and by inertial effects, is an important part of the process. The final stage involves deformation and penetration of the backup plate which can consist of Aramid or high density Polyethylene in polymeric matrices. The performance of such laminate backing materials under impact loading has been studied which included detailed examination of their straining and failure. These physical considerations are incorporated into the final penetration stage of the current analysis of ceramic armor.
DEPENDENCE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CRITICAL QUALITY FACTORS AND SOCIAL IMPACT

This paper shows the results of the empirical study conducted in 186 tourist accommodation businesses in Spain certified under the “Q for Tourist Quality”, own System Quality Management. It was raised with the purpose of analyzing the structure of the relationship between critical quality factors and results-social impact, how they operate and the level of their influence on obtaining these results within the company. Starting from a deep theoretical revision we propose a theoretical model together with the hypotheses to be tested, and we proceed to validation using the technique of Structural Equation Models. The results obtained show that companies wishing to improve their social impact should take into account that leadership is the most important factor to achieve it. Leadership indirectly affects the social impact through its influence on alliances and resources, quality policy/ planning, personnel management and learning.
Automatic scar segmentation on late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, and one of the first to be successfully repaired by congenital heart surgeons. Even though the long-term outcome is favourable in most cases, several authors have drawn special attention to the unexpected occurrence of arrhythmias and sudden death originated by the alteration of the electrophysiological function of the heart due to fibrosis and the scars produced in the surgical repair. However, currently there is no reliable way to assess which patients are at risk. Taking on this challenge, the research group led by Babu-Narayan S. is trying to relate fibrosis patterns in MRI late gadolinium enhancement patient images with late outcome to determine the prognosis of those patients who underwent TOF surgical repair. To enable the latter, it is crucial to obtain accurate cardiac scar segmentations from the patient images. Current methodology is time consuming, not reliable, often require manual refinement and the turnover time would never be applicable to clinical workflow. This underlines the need for the development of a reliable algorithm capable of removing observer bias and with clinically acceptable accuracy. With that objective, we explored several algorithms for automatic scar segmentation and compared its performance: Gaussian Mixture Models, Gaussian Mixture Models with Full-Width-at-Half-Maximum, Gaussian Mixture Models with GrowCut, 3D automatic GrabCut and n-SD. The quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of the results based on 13 patient datasets revealed Gaussian Mixture Models with Full-Width-at-half-Maximum as the most promising approach for automatic scar segmentation and discarded the use of the n-SD approach. Nevertheless, further work should be carried out with improved data and larger sample size to draw reliable conclusions.
Cytosolic Glutathione S-transferase in Bacteria:
A Review

Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase in bacteria possesses the biochemical capacity to degrade various classes of organochlorine pollutants in the environment in addition to their primary role of defending the organism from a wide range of endobiotics and xenobiotic substrates. Furthermore, the ability of different classes of cGST to recognize a wide repertoire of substrates due the variability in the substrate binding site of the enzymes makes them well suited for bioremediation purposes. cGSTs act as dehalogenases promoting a rapid degradation of various organochlorine compounds. Dehalogenation served as the primary mechanism for detoxification of various organochlorine compounds, making them vulnerable to attack by other degradative enzymes. However, despite their potential and advantage of wide substrate specificity, cGSTs have not been exploited for bioremediation purposes. In this review, we described the various cGST classes in bacteria and their phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, the review reiterated that cGSTs in bacteria are involved in dehalogenation reaction, and this property can be harnessed for bioremediation of a diverse class of organochlorine pollutants as they currently represent the largest class of pollutants in the environment.
Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, intrinsic and doped with indium and iron

The need for new antimicrobial compounds has drawn attention on developing new and emerging materials based on nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, intrinsic and doped with Indium and Iron in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteriostatic effect of Ti02 nanoparticles (two samples), Ti02:Fe and Ti02:In with concentrations of 50, 250 and 500 μg/ml, was observed by optical density measurements. The bactericidal effect was determined by plate count agar Muller-Hinton, where they incubated for 12 h: 50 μl of bacterial suspension (concentration 1.5 × 10 bacterium/ml), con 50 μl of nanoparticles suspended at concentrations between 39 and 2500 μg/ml. Then, to 10 dilutions were made and plated on agar for colony counts. There were significant decreases in the bacterial optical densities with respect to control, using TiO2 nanoparticles prepared with different contents of acetic acid at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/ml versus E. coli and S. aureus. In the plate counts, there was a significant reduction in the number of CFU of E. coli using TiO2 nanoparticles (50% AcAc) in concentrations 39 to 2500 μg/ml; in the case of S. aureus decrease seen in concentrations 78 to 2500 μg/ml. In both bacteria, we observed decreased bacterial growth with TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 156 to 2500 μg/ml. The two variants of preparing TiO2 nanoparticles have higher intrinsic activity against E. coli and S. aureus, while nanoparticles doped with Indium and Iron, could not overpower the antibacterial effect.
Interindividual variability in the dimensions of goal- directed behaviour and their neural correlates

Article history: Received 25 April 2009 Revised 10 September 2009 Accepted 14 September 2009 Available online 18 September 2009 The neural processing of reward can be differentiated into two sub-components with different functions, “wanting” (i.e., the expectation of a reward which includes appetitive and motivational components) and “liking” (i.e., the hedonic impact experienced during the receipt of a reward), involving distinct neural systems. We hypothesize that variability in neural reward processing previously observed in healthy subjects could reflect inter-individual differences in personality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how the neural processing during expectation and reception of a reward depends on interpersonal differences in reward sensitivity, more specifically the tendency to approach vs. avoid reward-related situations. We employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task. Subjects with a high approach motivation showed more activation of the Ventral Striatum (VS) during the receipt of a reward, and more medial orbitofrontal activity during both the receipt and omission of a reward. Subjects with a high behavioral inhibition showed less activation in the VS during the receipt of a reward. These findings indicate that the tendency to approach or avoid reward-related situations exhibits a distinct relation with neural reward processing. Specifically, subjects with high behavioral approach appear to be sensitive mainly to positive outcomes and to a lesser extent to the omissions of rewards, whereas subjects with low behavioral approach as well as those with a high inhibition tendency display a blunted response to rewards. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Antecedents of Business Level Strategiesin Nigerian Agro-Based Firms

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of antecedent factors on business level strategies of Nigerian agro-based firms. The study made use of survey method over one hundred and ninety-three respondents. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data obtained. The existing relationship stemming from the results revealed that top management factor, organizational system, and departmental connectivity are important antecedent factors that determine the success or otherwise of strategic orientation dimensions. The study recommends that the calibre of the top management personnel and the internal cohesion between departments should be considered a critical variable in the adoption of particular orientation.
Defining a Successional Metric for Lichen Communities in the Arctic Tundra

Abstract We provide an index of successional status for arctic macrolichen communities based on a synthesis of literature reports. We amassed research from the past 50 years that studied lichen communities following disturbance, such as fire or grazing. Species scores were derived from these reports depending on when a particular macrolichen species appeared following disturbance. Weighted averaging of these data with a community matrix can create a successional score for each sample unit of interest. These scores can be used as a surrogate for community age estimates that are otherwise difficult to obtain from tundra environments above treeline. We test this approach using an example data set of macrolichen communities collected from the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Alaska. We found that our successional scores represented roughly 17 and 19% of the community variation, depending on whether the community data set was binary or quantitative. Abundance data tended to yield successional scores that were slightly higher (older) than those derived from a presence-absence data set. We recommend use of our successional metric for lichen communities throughout the arctic tundra to infer successional status of an area.
The Effect of Offline E-Learning on Cognitive Learning (Levels of Knowledge, Comprehension, and Application) of Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances Course among Nursing Students

Introduction: The use of e-learning and computer-aided methods is rapidly on the rise in medical and nursing education. Therefore, given the conflicting findings and lack of systematic clinical trials on comparison of the effects of e-learning and traditional methods in nursing education, this study aimed to assess the effects of offline e-Learning on cognitive learning (levels of knowledge, comprehension, and application) in the Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances course among nursing students. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a two-group, post-test-only design. A total of 52 third-semester nursing students were selected by convenience sampling method. Course contents were presented during 6 weeks by lecture and question and answer (Q & A) in the traditional learning group and by offline e-Learning in the second group. Afterwards, the students’ cognitive learning (knowledge, comprehension, and application) was assessed using a 23-item questionnaire on Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances course. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using Mann-Whitney, t-test, Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and analysis of two-way variance. The significant level was considered as P < 0.05. Results: The mean score of cognitive learning was significantly higher in the traditional learning group (14.1±1.9) than in the e-learning group (12.4±2.2) (P=0.006). The difference was also significant in the domain of knowledge (P<0.001), but insignificant in comprehension (P=0.097) and application (P=0.892) domains. Conclusions: According to the results, the method of teaching e-learning, alongside traditional teaching method is recommended.