Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Contrast Sensitivity Measured Using Quick Contrast Sensitivity Function With Other Visual Functions in a Low Vision Population

Purpose Contrast sensitivity (CS) is predictive of various aspects of an individual's functional vision, such as recognizing faces and driving. Currently available CS charts are limited in terms of the spatial frequencies they can test and/or the contrast resolution of the targets they present. The traditional methods for measuring full CS functions (CSFs) are time consuming. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using the quick CSF method in a low vision population and to assess the relationships of CS with other visual functions, which can contribute to the understanding of the functional vision. Methods Static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, CS, global motion perception thresholds, and visual field were measured binocularly in 53 individuals with low vision. The number of participants who could complete each assessment was used to assess feasibility. The relationships between CS and other visual functions were assessed using linear regressions and multiple regressions. Results The quick CSF was quantifiable in 34 participants of the 42 with quantifiable visual acuities. The area under the log CSF—the summary statistic of CSF—was significantly correlated with static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity (r = −0.79 and r = −0.63, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions The qCSF is capable of measuring CS in a wide range of visual impairment severities. area under the log CSF only correlates with measures of visual acuity.
Predictive Factors of Fall-Related Activity Avoidance in People With Parkinson Disease—A Longitudinal Study With a 3-Year Follow-up

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background and Purpose: Knowledge of predictive factors can foster the development of preventive approaches. This study examined how prevalence and severity of fall-related activity avoidance evolve over a 3-year period in people with Parkinson disease (PD). A specific aim was to identify predictive factors of fall-related activity avoidance (ie, modified Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly [mSAFFE] scores) after 3 years. Methods: The sample included 151 people with PD (mean [SD] age: 68 [8.8] years). The mSAFFE score was the dependent variable in multivariable linear regression analyses, with 17 potential predictors. On the basis of a collinearity check, 2 models studying various risk factors were developed. Model 1 included concerns about falling and model 2 walking difficulties. Results: After 3 years, more participants reported fall-related activity avoidance, that is, 34% versus 50% (P < 0.001). Regression model 1 explained 63% of the variance. The strongest predictive factor was concerns about falling (standardized regression coefficient, β = 0.589), followed by pain (β = 0.161), unsteadiness while turning (β = 0.137), and age (β = 0.136). These variables remained significant when adjusting for mSAFFE baseline scores. In model 2 (explained 50% of the variance), the strongest predictive factor was perceived walking difficulties (β = 0.392), followed by age (β = 0.238), unsteadiness while turning (β = 0.198), and pain (β = 0.184). Unlike the other factors, walking difficulties were not significant when adjusting for mSAFFE baseline scores. Discussion and Conclusions: Fall-related activity avoidance increased over time in people with PD. If fall-related activity avoidance is to be targeted, this study suggests that interventions should address concerns about falling, pain, unsteadiness while turning, and walking difficulties. Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A310).
The effect of time management training on time management and anxiety among nursing undergraduates

ABSTRACT Time management is an essential tool to enhance quality care and reduce stress in nursing professionals, who face a uniquely high-paced work environment with wide-ranging job demands. We evaluated the effect of a time-management training program on time management and anxiety in nursing undergraduate students. Study results showed that the training program significantly improved nursing undergraduates’ time management and significantly decreased self-reported anxiety among the students post-intervention. This study is the first to examine the effect of a time-management training program based on time management disposition theory in China among Chinese nursing undergraduate students.
Global status of knowledge for prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among school teachers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIM The majority of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in childhood and adolescence occur in schools. Since school teachers are often the first responders, their knowledge about emergency management of TDI needs to be adequate. The aim of this systematic review was to assess and analyse the global status of this knowledge as reported in previous studies and provide recommendations for future research. METHODS The protocol was designed as per PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Broad-based search using text-words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases as per a predefined strategy. Cohort-studies, cross-sectional, case-control studies and randomised/nonrandomised trials without any distinction of language and year of publication were included while those without details of sampling-strategy, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed, risk of bias assessment was done by the Joanna-Briggs-Institute's critical appraisal checklist and meta-analysis was performed for four question stems using a random effects model. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included for qualitative analysis. Most of the studies had been conducted in Asia from 2009-2019. Ten studies used case-based questionnaires, mostly adapted from previous studies. Moderate to high risk of bias was observed in 14 studies. Less than 50% of teachers had witnessed a TDI in 8 studies and >75% desired to know more about TDI management in most studies. Less than 50% of teachers in 5 out of 6 studies knew about immediate replantation of avulsed permanent teeth, <25% knew about storage of an avulsed tooth in 16 studies and <50% knew about cleaning of a dirty avulsed tooth in 8 studies. Meta-analysis revealed I2 values of >95% with 17% of teachers having previous dental-trauma first-aid training and 38% knowing about replantation within 30 minutes. CONCLUSION The awareness level in several areas of the world was unknown. Studies lacked well-designed questionnaire and teachers exhibited low self-belief and knowledge level in majority of studies.
The potential application of artificial intelligence for diagnosis and management of glaucoma in adults.

BACKGROUND Glaucoma is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. There is no cure, but early detection and treatment can slow the progression and prevent loss of vision. It has been suggested that artificial intelligence (AI) has potential application for detection and management of glaucoma. SOURCES OF DATA This literature review is based on articles published in peer-reviewed journals. AREAS OF AGREEMENT There have been significant advances in both AI and imaging techniques that are able to identify the early signs of glaucomatous damage. Machine and deep learning algorithms show capabilities equivalent to human experts, if not superior. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Concerns that the increased reliance on AI may lead to deskilling of clinicians. GROWING POINTS AI has potential to be used in virtual review clinics, telemedicine and as a training tool for junior doctors. Unsupervised AI techniques offer the potential of uncovering currently unrecognized patterns of disease. If this promise is fulfilled, AI may then be of use in challenging cases or where a second opinion is desirable. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH There is a need to determine the external validity of deep learning algorithms and to better understand how the 'black box' paradigm reaches results.
The Food and Nutrition Environment at Secondary Schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa as Reported by Learners

Overweight and obesity are growing concerns in adolescents, particularly in females in South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrition environment in terms of government policy programs, nutrition education provided, and foods sold at secondary schools in the Eastern Cape province. Sixteen schools and grade 8–12 learners (N = 1360) were randomly selected from three health districts comprising poor disadvantaged communities. Based on age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values, 13.3% of males and 5.5% of females were underweight, while 9.9% of males and 36.1% of females were overweight or obese. The main food items purchased at school were unhealthy energy-dense items such as fried flour dough balls, chocolates, candies, and crisps/chips. Nutrition knowledge scores based on the South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were poor for 52% to 23.4% learners in Grades 8 to 12, respectively. Female learners generally had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores compared to their male counterparts (p = 0.016). Questions poorly answered by more than 60% of learners, included the number of fruit and vegetable portions required daily, food to eat when overweight, foods containing fiber, and importance of legumes. It was noted that the majority of teachers who taught nutrition had no formal nutrition training and their responses to knowledge questions were poor indicating that they were not familiar with the FBDGs, which are part of the curriculum. Nutrition assessment as part of the Integrated School Health Program was done on few learners. Overall however, despite some challenges the government national school meal program provided meals daily to 96% of learners. In general, the school food and nutrition environment was not conducive for promoting healthy eating.
Self- and Cross-Fertilization in Plants. I. Functional Dimensions

Many functional-ecological, morphological, and physiological-factors affect the occurrence of selffertilization. Six modes of self-pollination are distinguished. These differ in whether they utilize specialized flowers, whether they involve the transfer of pollen within or between flowers, whether they are autonomous or mediated by vectors, and their timing relative to opportunities for outcrossing. The various modes of selfing are subject to different structural constraints. Prepotency, the preferential success of cross-pollen in achieving fertilizations when it competes with self-pollen, influences the frequency of selffertilization in some species. The amount of self-fertilization may depend on environmental conditions and the vector species visiting each flower and may vary among the flowers of one plant. To gain information on the prevalence of autonomous self-pollination, 66 species for which the degrees of selfcompatibility and autofertility (seed set in isolation) have been published were surveyed. Partially selfincompatible species (in which the seed set is lower after self-pollination than after separate outcrosses) have on average lower autofertility than self-compatible species (in which self- and cross-pollinations succeed equally well), but some partially self-incompatible species have considerable autofertility and some self-compatible species have none. A number of features of floral morphology and phenology are associated with high Autofertility Indices.
Role of environmental factors in the spread of domestic trout in Mediterranean streams

Summary Overharvesting, habitat alteration and pollution have contributed to the decline of many wild populations of brown trout in Europe. Since the mid-19th century, stocking with domestic strains has added a further threat to their genetic integrity. In this study, we adopted a landscape genetic approach to evaluate the role of environmental factors in promoting or hindering invasion by an alien genome. Two classes of molecular markers (LDH-C1* locus and mtDNA) were used to evaluate the level of introgression between native and domestic strains of brown trout in Central Italy. A multivariate method (redundancy analysis, RDA) was employed to find relationships between genetic diversity and 19 environmental variables that describe lithology, geomorphology, fish community and human activities. The RDA indicated that streams with more stable ecological conditions sustain almost pure native populations, whereas streams characterised by unpredictable hydrological conditions harbour populations with high levels of introgression or pure for foreign genotypes. Our study revealed that the outcome of supplementary stocking with hatchery-reared brown trout is strongly linked to the environmental features of different drainage basins.
Thermoresponsive hydrogels physically crosslinked with magnetically modified LAPONITE® nanoparticles.

Recently, considering the potential applications of hydrogel nanocomposites in biomedical engineering, there has been a growing interest in the synthesis of hydrogels with improved mechanical properties. Among magnetic materials, iron oxides are of particular interest due to their magnetic properties and biocompatibility. At the same time, LAPONITE®, a synthetic clay, can be used to improve the mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. In this study we report the effects of hydrogel composition and structure on its thermoresponsive properties and hydrogel sorption and release of a model anticancer drug - 5-fluorouracil. Using one-step coprecipitation method we synthesized magnetic LAPONITE® (LAM) nanoparticles with magnetite-to-LAPONITE® weight ratios from 2 : 1 to 1 : 8. With increase in magnetite concentration the ferrofluidic properties of LAM nanoparticles are getting improved, while fluorouracil absorptivity - decreases. Exfoliation of the clay is observed when the magnetite content exceeds the LAPONITE® content. Physical crosslinking of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with LAM nanoparticles yields magnetic thermosensitive hydrogel nanocomposites with controllable temperature-induced drug release. All hydrogel nanocomposites have a distinct volume phase transition from a swollen state to a collapsed state upon heating within the physiologically acceptable temperature range of 33-36 °C.
The Nucleoid-Associated Protein GapR Uses Conserved Structural Elements To Oligomerize and Bind DNA

Bacteria organize their genetic material in a structure called the nucleoid, which needs to be compact to fit inside the cell and, at the same time, dynamic to allow high rates of replication and transcription. Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) play a pivotal role in this process, so their detailed characterization is crucial for our understanding of DNA organization into bacterial cells. Even though NAPs affect DNA-related processes differently, all of them have to oligomerize and bind DNA for their function. The significance of this study is the identification of structural elements involved in the oligomerization and DNA binding of a newly discovered NAP in C. crescentus and the demonstration that structural elements are conserved in evolutionarily distant and functionally distinct NAPs. ABSTRACT Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) are DNA binding proteins critical for the organization and function of the bacterial chromosome. A newly discovered NAP in Caulobacter crescentus, GapR, is thought to facilitate the movement of the replication and transcription machines along the chromosome by stimulating type II topoisomerases to remove positive supercoiling. Here, utilizing genetic, biochemical, and biophysical studies of GapR in light of a recently published DNA-bound crystal structure of GapR, we identified the structural elements involved in oligomerization and DNA binding. Moreover, we show that GapR is maintained as a tetramer upon its dissociation from DNA and that tetrameric GapR is capable of binding DNA molecules in vitro. Analysis of protein chimeras revealed that two helices of GapR are functionally conserved in H-NS, demonstrating that two evolutionarily distant NAPs with distinct mechanisms of action utilize conserved structural elements to oligomerize and bind DNA. IMPORTANCE Bacteria organize their genetic material in a structure called the nucleoid, which needs to be compact to fit inside the cell and, at the same time, dynamic to allow high rates of replication and transcription. Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) play a pivotal role in this process, so their detailed characterization is crucial for our understanding of DNA organization into bacterial cells. Even though NAPs affect DNA-related processes differently, all of them have to oligomerize and bind DNA for their function. The significance of this study is the identification of structural elements involved in the oligomerization and DNA binding of a newly discovered NAP in C. crescentus and the demonstration that structural elements are conserved in evolutionarily distant and functionally distinct NAPs.
Predicting Wins, Losses and Attributes’ Sensitivities in the Soccer World Cup 2018 Using Neural Network Analysis

Predicting the results of soccer competitions and the contributions of match attributes, in particular, has gained popularity in recent years. Big data processing obtained from different sensors, cameras and analysis systems needs modern tools that can provide a deep understanding of the relationship between this huge amount of data produced by sensors and cameras, both linear and non-linear data. Using data mining tools does not appear sufficient to provide a deep understanding of the relationship between the match attributes and results and how to predict or optimize the results based upon performance variables. This study aimed to suggest a different approach to predict wins, losses and attributes’ sensitivities which enables the prediction of match results based on the most sensitive attributes that affect it as a second step. A radial basis function neural network model has successfully weighted the effectiveness of all match attributes and classified the team results into the target groups as a win or loss. The neural network model’s output demonstrated a correct percentage of win and loss of 83.3% and 72.7% respectively, with a low Root Mean Square training error of 2.9% and testing error of 0.37%. Out of 75 match attributes, 19 were identified as powerful predictors of success. The most powerful respectively were: the Total Team Medium Pass Attempted (MBA) 100%; the Distance Covered Team Average in zone 3 (15–20 km/h; Zone3_TA) 99%; the Team Average ball delivery into the attacking third of the field (TA_DAT) 80.9%; the Total Team Covered Distance without Ball Possession (Not in_Poss_TT) 76.8%; and the Average Distance Covered by Team (Game TA) 75.1%. Therefore, the novel radial based function neural network model can be employed by sports scientists to adapt training, tactics and opposition analysis to improve performance.
(‒)-Cannabidiolic Acid, a Still Overlooked Bioactive Compound: An Introductory Review and Preliminary Research

Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is the main phytocannabinoid in fiber and seed-oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants, but its potential health-related capabilities have been masked for years by a greater scientific interest towards its neutral derivative cannabidiol (CBD). This review aims to collect from the literature and critically discuss all the information about this molecule, starting from its biosynthesis, and focusing on its bioactivity, as an anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancerogenic drug. Furthermore, in the awareness that, despite its multiple bioactive effects, currently poor efforts have been made to achieve its reliable purification, herein, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive procedure for its recovery from pollen of industrial hemp cultivars. Spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques allowed us to unequivocally identify pure isolated CBDA and to distinguish it from the constitutional isomer tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A).
Prognostic model and nomogram construction based on autophagy signatures in lower grade glioma

The median survival time of lower grade glioma (LGG) tumors spans a wide range of 2–10 years and is highly dependent on the molecular characteristics and tumor location. Currently, there is no prognostic predictor for these tumors based on autophagy‐related (ATG) genes. A prognostic risk score model based on the most significant seven ATG genes was established for LGG. These seven genes, including GRID2, FOXO1, MYC, PTK6, IKBKE, BIRC5, and TP73, have been screened as potentially therapeutic targets. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve analyses validated that patients with high or low risk scores had significantly different overall survival. Following the multivariate Cox regression and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis, a final prognostic model based on age, World Health Organization grade, 1p19q‐codeletion status, and ATG risk score was performed as an independent prognostic indicator (training set: p = 4.09E−05, AUC = 0.901; validation set‐1: p = .00069, AUC = 0.808; validation set‐2: p = .0376, AUC = 0.830). Subsequently, a prognostic nomogram was constructed for individualized survival prediction. The calibration plots showed excellent predict efficiency between probability and actual overall survival. In this study, we provided several potential biomarkers for further developing potentially therapeutic targets of LGG. We also established a prognostic model and nomogram to improve the clinical glioma management and assist individualized survival prediction.