Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New institutional economics in Viking studies. Visualising immaterial culture

Abstract In this paper, we argue that closer engagement with the field of new institutional economics (NIE) has the potential to provide researchers with a new theoretical toolbox that can be used to study economic and social practices that are not readily traceable in material culture. NIE assumes that individual actions are based on bounded rationality and that the existence of rules (institutions) and their enforcement – the institutional framework – influences agents’ actions by providing different incentives and probabilities for different choices. Within this theoretical framework, we identify a number of concepts, such as collective identity and mobile jurisdictions, that seem to fit what we know of Viking age economic systems. In applying these models to the available archaeological and textual data, we outline the ways in which further research could provide a new understanding of economic interaction within a rapidly evolving context of diaspora and change.
Gaussian quadrature rules for $C^1$ quintic splines

We provide explicit expressions for quadrature rules on the space of $C^1$ quintic splines with uniform knot sequences over finite domains. The quadrature nodes and weights are derived via an explicit recursion that avoids an intervention of any numerical solver and the rule is optimal, that is, it requires the minimal number of nodes. For each of $n$ subintervals, generically, only two nodes are required which reduces the evaluation cost by $2/3$ when compared to the classical Gaussian quadrature for polynomials. Numerical experiments show fast convergence, as $n$ grows, to the "two-third" quadrature rule of Hughes et al. for infinite domains.
Analysis of air jets velocity attenuation at special initial conditions

The article is devoted to solving the significant problem of efficiency increasing of air distribution in the premise by swirl air jet. The aim of the article is to decrease coefficient of velocity attenuation due to intensification of initial turbulence of different air streams leakage from the air distributor and to obtain of analytical equations for calculation of air distribution in a room to ensure the normative indoor air parameters. Effect of flow twisting results in a reduction of the velocity attenuation coefficient by 2.4 times. The regression analysis testified that the attenuation coefficient of the swirl air jet is more affected by the angle of the twisting plates inclination and less affected by the angle of change of the air flow direction. The attenuation coefficient of all types of rectangular air jets is more influenced by the the ratio of the sides of slit b/l and the angle of change of the air flow direction is also less affected. To minimize the attenuation factor, it is effective to use air distributors at smaller swivel plates inclination angles for swirl air jets and a smaller slit size ratio for all types of rectangular air jets. α – angle of swivel plate’s inclination; β – angle the air b – height of the slit, m;
Modern algebra : an introduction / John R. Durbin

Mappings and Operations. Introduction to Groups. Equivalence. Congruence. Divisibility. Groups. Group Homomorphisms. Introduction to Rings. The Familiar Number Systems. Polynomials. Quotient Rings. Field Extensions. Polynomial Equations. Geometric Constructions. Application of Permutation Groups. Symmetry. Algebraic Coding. Lattices and Boolean Algebras. Appendices. Photo Credit List. Index.
Characterization of Bacillus velezensis RDA1 as a Biological Control Agent against White Root Rot Disease Caused by Rosellinia necatrix

White root rot disease, caused by Rosellinia necatrix, poses a threat to several tree crops; hence, effective and sustainable strategies to control this disease remain warranted. This study identified an effective R. necatrix biocontrol agent by isolating 32 strains from soil samples collected from white root rot-infested organic pear orchards, among which RDA1 exhibited the most potent growth-inhibitory effects. Microbiological and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed that the bacterial isolate belonged to the Bacillus genus and exhibited 100% nucleotide sequence similarity with Bacillus velezensis species in the GenBank. This strain showed strong antifungal activity against four Rosellinia necatrix strains and harbored genes essential for lipopeptide, polyketide, and tripeptide bacilysin biosynthesis. RDA1 produced volatile compounds that suppressed the development of phytopathogens and possessed plant growth-promoting traits, such as phosphate solubilization, and indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore production. B. velezensis RDA1 has a significant potential application in sustainable agriculture and can be used to suppress white root rot disease infections and to improve plant growth.
Structural model of the Au-induced Si(553) surface: Double Au rows

A structural model of Au induced Si(553) surface is proposed. The model is based on the recently revised value of Au coverage of 0.48 monolayers, which suggests the formation of two gold chains on each Si(553) terrace. The resulting structural model, such as the models of other vicinal Si surfaces, features the honey-comb chain, but no buckling of the step edge is observed, unlike in the case of the Si(335)-Au and Si(557)-Au surfaces. The present model is more stable than the models with single Au chain only, and agrees well with existing experimental data. In particular, calculated band structure, featuring two metallic bands coming from the hybridization of gold in both chains with neighboring Si atoms, matches well the photoemission data. Moreover, theoretical scanning tunneling microscopy topographs remain in good agreement with the experiment.
Application of a diode-laser-based CW tunable IR source to methane detection in air

This work was done to develop a diode-laser-based technique for sensitive atmospheric trace detection gases such as CH/sub 4/, CO, N/sub 2/O, and NO. Spectroscopic detection of methane in the fundamental, and overtone stretch vibration bands using tunable infrared lasers has been reported. The /spl nu//sub 3/ band of methane near 3.2 /spl mu/m includes its strongest known molecular transition and therefore is better suited for sensitive detection. The band is accessible by either conventional spectroscopy or with Ar/sup +/-dye laser difference-frequency generation, the carbon monoxide overtone laser, the helium-neon laser near 3.39 /spl mu/m, lead-salt diode lasers, and color-center lasers. However, each one of these mid-infrared laser sources suffers from its own specific practical drawbacks such as large physical size, lack of portability, high cost, high power consumption, poor tunability, or the need for cryogenic cooling. In the work, detection of the methane in natural air (1.8 ppmv) was performed using diode-laser-pumped cavity-enhanced CW tunable difference-frequency generation (DFG) near 3.2 /spl mu/m.
Ablation of the Presynaptic Protein Mover Impairs Learning Performance and Decreases Anxiety Behavior in Mice

The presynaptic protein Mover/TPRGL/SVAP30 is absent in Drosophila and C. elegans and differentially expressed in synapses in the rodent brain, suggesting that it confers specific functions to subtypes of presynaptic terminals. In order to investigate how the absence of this protein affects behavior and learning, Mover knockout mice (KO) were subjected to a series of established learning tests. To determine possible behavioral and cognitive alterations, male and female 8-week-old KO and C57Bl/6J wildtype (WT) control mice were tested in a battery of memory and anxiety tests. Testing included the cross maze, novel object recognition test (NOR), the Morris water maze (MWM), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the open field test (OF). Mover KO mice showed impaired recognition memory in the NOR test, and decreased anxiety behavior in the OF and the EPM. Mover KO did not lead to changes in working memory in the cross maze or spatial reference memory in the MWM. However, a detailed analysis of the swimming strategies demonstrated allocentric-specific memory deficits in male KO mice. Our data indicate that Mover appears to control synaptic properties associated with specific forms of memory formation and behavior, suggesting that it has a modulatory role in synaptic transmission.
The Role of Downward Momentum Transport in the Generation of Convective Downbursts

A downburst index has been developed to assess the magnitude of convective downbursts associated with heavy precipitation-producing (HP) convective systems. The index, designed for use during the warm season over the central and eastern continental United States, is composed of relevant parameters that represent the simultaneous physical processes of convective updraft development and downburst generation, incorporating positive buoyant energy or convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the vertical equivalent potential temperature gradient between the surface and the mid-troposphere. In addition to large CAPE and the presence of a vertical equivalent potential temperature gradient gradient, previous research has identified other favorable conditions for downburst generation during cold-season convection events. A primary mechanism in downburst generation associated with synoptically forced convective systems is the downward transport of higher momentum possessed by winds in the mid-troposphere.
2D-DOD and 2D-DOA Estimation Using Sparse L-Shaped EMVS-MIMO Radar

It is well known that electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is an emerging technique that allows for 2D-direction-of-departure (DOD) and 2D-direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Unfortunately, existing array geometries on the EMVS-MIMO radar can rarely reach a good compromise between the estimation accuracy and the computational burden. This article is aimed at proposing an L-shaped sparse array topology for a bistatic EMVS-MIMO radar, whose interelement distance is much larger than half-wavelength. A fast algorithm is proposed herein to estimate the 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA. First, the direction cosine estimates are obtained via the rotational invariance properties of the sparse subarrays, which are ambiguous yet exhibit high-resolution. Thereafter, the direction cosine estimates are achieved via the vector cross-product of the normalized Poynting vectors, which are unambiguous but have low-resolution. The unambiguous high-resolution direction cosine estimates are determined by combining the previous results, following which the 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA can be easily recovered. It is shown that the proposed framework can obtain a better accuracy of estimation than the other existing methods. Moreover, it is more flexible than the current sparse array methodologies. Finally, the theoretical derivations have been validated by simulation results.
Quantum Optics with Propagating Microwaves in Superconducting Circuits

We address recent advances in quantum optics with propagating microwaves in superconducting circuits. This research field exploits on the fact that the coupling between a superconducting artificial atom and propagating microwave photons in a one-dimensional (1D) open transmission line can be made strong enough to observe quantum effects, without using any cavity to confine the microwave photons. We embed an artificial atom, a superconducting transmon qubit, in a 1D open transmission line and investigate the scattering properties of coherent microwaves. When an input coherent state, with an average photon number much less than 1, is on resonance with the artificial atom, we observe extinction of up to 99% in the forward propagating field. We observe the strong nonlinearity of the artificial atom and under strong driving we observe the Mollow triplet. We also study the statistics of the reflected and transmitted beams, which are predicted to be nonclassical states. In particular, we demonstrate photon antibunching in the reflected beam by measuring the second-order correlation function. By applying a second control tone, we observe the Autler-Townes splitting and a giant cross-Kerr effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate fast operation of a single-photon router using the Autler-Townes splitting. This device provides important steps towards the realization of a quantum network. This thesis describes the motivation, theoretical background, design, implementation and measurement results.
On the tachyon inflation

Although the formulas of tachyon inflation correspond to those of the inflation driven by the ordinary scalar field, there is obvious difference between them, which can not be neglected. We calculate the scalar and tensor perturbation of the string theory inspired tachyon inflation, which has been widely studied recently. We also show, through the Hamilton-Jacobi approach, that the the rolling tachyon can essentially produce enough inflation. An exact solution with the inverse squared potential of tachyon field has been proposed and its power spectra has been analyzed.
How People Integrate News into Their Everyday Routines: A Context-Centered Approach to News Habits

Abstract This article uses the notion of habit to explore how news users adopt a new subscription into their everyday routines, and identifies facilitators and obstacles helping or inhibiting this process. Sixty-eight participants received a three-week newspaper trial subscription and were interviewed about their experiences afterward. Facilitators of repeated use were concurrent rewards; embedment into existing routines; and visual reminders. Obstacles were lack of steady routines; strong existing habits; perceived effort; disillusionment; and accessibility. Findings point to the importance of visibility: participants – even those with positive initial experiences – tended to forget their subscription. Visual cues were needed to remind participants to read their subscription: app icons, open browser tabs, social media posts, push notifications, and the print newspaper. Proactive implementation of these cues suggests participants themselves were also aware of their propensity to forget the subscription. Existing (news) habits either helped anchor use of the subscription or blocked it by being automatically cued up by context features. Results also point to a mental hurdle: having to muster up the cognitive and motivational energy to start reading the news. Finally, findings suggest that concurrently experienced rewards may be more conducive to news habit formation than retrospectively experienced rewards.
Board of directors’ attributes and firm financial performance in the energy industry: Evidence from the developing country

Previous studies have examined the effect of the chief executive officer’s (CEO) share-ownership and compensation on firm performance (Elsayed & Elbardan, 2018; Hill, Lopez, & Reitenga, 2016; Vemala, Nguyen, Nguyen, & Kommasani, 2014), however, the interaction effect of board of directors (BOD) share-ownership and compensation on firm performance are still unclear. Further, the incentive of higher financial performance to attract members of the BOD to hold shares in the company is still not adequately investigated by the literature. This study, therefore, aims to fill these gaps. Based on an investigation of 56 company-year observations of the Saudi energy industry for the period 2005–2019, we found that BOD share-ownership has a significant direct and positive effect on BOD compensation as well as on the return on equity (ROE). Moreover, the results indicate that BOD compensation affects the ROE significantly, and partially mediates the relationship between BOD share-ownership and ROE. Finally, the study revealed that the ROE positively and significantly affects BOD share-ownership, indicating that the higher the ROE, the more incentive for BOD members to hold shares in the company. The study provides new insights into the extant literature related to the joint effect of BOD share-ownership and compensation on firm performance, as well as the reverse relationship between BOD share-ownership and firm performance.
Modeling of Top Scroll Profile Using Equidistant-Curve Approach for a Scroll Compressor

Scroll profile plays a key role in determining the performance of a scroll compressor. In this study geometric and dynamic characteristics of the scroll profile are analyzed to investigate the influence of its geometric continuity on property of a scroll compressor. Firstly, scroll profiles are created to redesign the geometry of scroll wrap by using the equidistant-curve approach on the basis of a generation line consisting of involute of circle and circular arc. Subsequently, the geometric and dynamic models of the scroll compressor are established. These models are related to parameters of the generation line of scroll profile and rotation angle of a moving scroll. Lastly, some simulation examples of second-order continuity (SOC) scroll profile are compared with first-order continuity (FOC) scroll profiles and some important conclusions are obtained. Results show that SOC scroll profile is superior to FOC profile in terms of volume ratio, stability of gas force, and possible leakage loss in a scroll compressor.
Solar cycle variation of the GPS cycle slip occurrence in China low‐latitude region

Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) cycle slip data detected from the observations of two GPS stations over China low‐latitude region from 1999 to 2005, the solar cycle variation of cycle slip occurrence is studied. It is found that the cycle slip occurrence in these two stations varies with solar cycle and shows good temporal correlation; the cycle slip occurs in solar maximum years (1999–2002) much more frequently than that in solar minimum years (2003–2005). In solar maximum years, the seasonal and diurnal dependences of cycle slip occurrence are obvious as shown by previous studies; that is, for seasonal dependence cycle slip mainly occurs in the equinox months and for diurnal dependence cycle slip mainly occurs from 1900 LT to midnight. In solar minimum years, the similar diurnal dependence of cycle slip still exists, nevertheless, the seasonal dependence of cycle slip is not obvious due to small cycle slip occurrence. In the meantime, the spread F occurrence also shows seasonal and diurnal dependence, but there are some differences compared with cycle slip occurrence. During the period from 2000 to 2002, the Q‐type spread F mainly occurs in the equinox months; from 2003 to 2005, the Q‐type spread F occurs mainly in summer months. As for the diurnal distribution, the Q‐type spread F mainly occurs from 2000 LT to sunrise time and lasts much longer than the cycle slip does, and the F‐type spread F mainly occurs after midnight and is very different with the cycle slip occurrence. Considering the reasons for cycle slip phenomenon in GPS observations, it is thought that the statistical results of cycle slip occurrence with solar cycle, season, and local time just reflect the temporal distribution of the ionospheric irregularities above a certain intense level over the observing region.
Reducibility among combinatorial problems" in complexity of computer computations

University of California at Berkeley. Abstract: A large class of computational problems.Since 1999 at UC Berkeley. Computational Biology sequencing the human genome, analyzing gene expression data, other combinatorial.In his 1972 paper, Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems, Richard Karp used Stephen Cooks 1971 theorem that the boolean satisfiability problem is.Download Book PDF, 15592kb. Title: Reducibility read pdf php library among Combinatorial Problems Book Title: Complexity of Computer Computations Book Subtitle.
Site-Specific Radioiodination of Oligonucleotides with a Phenolic Element in a Programmable Approach

Radioiodination of oligonucleotides provides an extra modality for nucleic acid-based theranostics with potential applications. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a phosphoramidite embedded with a phenolic moiety and demonstrate that oligonucleotides can be readily functionalized with phenol as a precursor by general DNA synthesis. It was identified that the introduction of the precursor does not block the specificity of an aptamer, and the radioiodination is applicable to both DNA and RNA oligonucleotides in a site-specific approach with a commercial kit.
SBEO: Smart Building Evacuation Ontology

Semantically rich depiction of the concepts for context-aware indoor routing brings appealing benefits for the safety of occupants of smart spaces in emergency evacuation. In this paper, we propose Smart Building Evacuation Ontology (SBEO3), a reusable ontology for indoor spaces, based on three different data models: user, building, and context. We provide a common representation of indoor routing and navigation, describe users? characteristics and preferences, grouping of individuals and their role in a specific context, hazards, and emergency evacuation. Among other characteristics, we consider abilities of individuals, safety and accessibility of spaces related to each person, intensity, impact, and severity of an emergency event or activity. SBEO is flexible and compatible with other ontologies of its domain, including SEAS, SSN/SOSA, SEMA4A, and empathi. We evaluate SBEO based on several metrics demonstrating that it addresses the information needs for the context-aware route recommendation system for emergency evacuation in indoor spaces. In the end, a simulation-based application example exploits SBEO using Context-Aware Emergency Evacuation Software (CAREE).
Improved variational approach in semileptonic decay of B meson for the Cornell potential

We obtain the wave function of mesonic systems interacting via a Cornell potential by applying improved variational approach. We study Isgur-Wise function and its parameters. Then we report our calculations on the parameters of semileptonic decay of B and Bs mesons. B-->D*l$nu$ process is also investigated in this work.
Concentration inequalities with exchangeable pairs (Ph.D. thesis)

The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce a version of Stein's method of exchangeable pairs to solve problems in measure concentration. We specifically target systems of dependent random variables, since that is where the power of Stein's method is fully realized. Because the theory is quite abstract, we have tried to put in as many examples as possible. Some of the highlighted applications are as follows: (a) We shall find an easily verifiable condition under which a popular heuristic technique originating from physics, known as the "mean field equations" method, is valid. No such condition is currently known. (b) We shall present a way of using couplings to derive concentration inequalities. Although couplings are routinely used for proving decay of correlations, no method for using couplings to derive concentration bounds is available in the literature. This will be used to obtain (c) concentration inequalities with explicit constants under Dobrushin's condition of weak dependence. (d) We shall give a method for obtaining concentration of Haar measures using convergence rates of related random walks on groups. Using this technique and one of the numerous available results about rates of convergence of random walks, we will then prove (e) a quantitative version of Voiculescu's celebrated connection between random matrix theory and free probability.