Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Norway

Young consumers are an important target group, because habits are established at young age. Hence, introducing children to organic food in public settings such as schools may be an efficient way to increase the consumption of organic food. In Norway, public procurement of food to youth is not well developed in comparison to many other European and Scandinavian countries. Many kindergartens provide some simple dishes for the children, and upper secondary schools usually have canteens where food items, sometimes also warm dishes, may be purchased. Canteens are becoming more common in other schools, especially on the lower secondary level. However, the usual lunch for most children in Norway in 2010 is a packed lunch (sandwiches) brought from home, consumed in the class room. School subscription schemes for milk were introduced around 1970, and for fruit around 1995. By June 2010, organic milk in 0.25 litre containers (“school milk”) is offered only in Mid-Norway, and organic fruit is hardly offered at all. Since 2007, fruit is served without payment in all schools with a lower secondary level (class 8-10 or 1-10). This effort was introduced as a first step to develop a free school meal in all public schools, but has not been further developed so far. As in many other European countries, free school meals were offered (especially to poor children) in schools in the larger Norwegian cities around 1900. However, these meals were criticised for being unhealthy, and replaced by whole grain bread, milk and vegetables around 1930. Increasing private wealth, and increased demand for investments in school buildings, books etc changed the public priority and free school meals gradually disappeared. Today, there is not a general agreement about the optimal school meal composition, and whether or not the meals should be funded by the public. Several factors such as increasing lengths of the school day, and unsatisfactory scores in international comparison tests (e.g. PISA), should awake people‟s interest in school food. However, the public debate about school meals is in 2010 almost absent in Norway. The number of schools offering some kind of foods for sale e.g. in canteens is however rapidly increasing, which may contribute to change the school food situation. As a part of the ”Okoloft” (“Organic lift”) project and other initiatives, organic food has been presented and served for children in kindergartens, schools and other settings in several municipalities. Some cities (Trondheim, Stavanger) have set up public goals of organic consumption, including organic shares of food served in schools and child care. Such cases are briefly described, along with the Oya music festival and the Norwegian Armed Forces. The two latter cases serve significant amounts of organic food for relatively young consumers. The report was produced in the iPOPY project, “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”. Similar reports have been produced for the other iPOPY countries; Denmark, Finland and Italy.
Integrative Transcriptomics Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Control of the Cholinergic/Neurokine Interface in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

RNA-sequencing analyses are often limited to identifying lowest p-value transcripts, which does not address polygenic phenomena. To overcome this limitation, we developed an integrative approach that combines large scale transcriptomic meta-analysis of patient brain tissues with single-cell sequencing data of CNS neurons, short RNA-sequencing of human male- and female-originated cell lines, and connectomics of transcription factor- and microRNA-interactions with perturbed transcripts. We used this pipeline to analyze cortical transcripts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. While these pathologies show massive transcriptional parallels, their clinically well-known sexual dimorphisms remain unexplained. Our method explicates the differences between afflicted men and women, and identifies disease-affected pathways of cholinergic transmission and gp130-family neurokine controllers of immune function, interlinked by microRNAs. This approach may open new perspectives for seeking biomarkers and therapeutic targets, also in other transmitter systems and diseases.
Interventions to improve children's access to mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Aims Mental disorders in children are a significant and growing cause of morbidity worldwide. Although interventions to help overcome barriers along the pathway to accessing health care for children with mental disorders exist, there is no overview of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on these interventions as yet. This study aimed to systematically identify RCTs of interventions to improve access to mental health care for children and synthesise them using a conceptual framework of access to health care. Methods This systematic review was performed following a predefined protocol registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018081714). We searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CENTRAL for RCTs up to 15 May 2019 using terms related to the concepts ‘young people,’ ‘mental disorders’ and ‘help-seeking interventions’ and scanned reference lists from relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened all identified articles in a two-stage process, extracted results on outcomes of interest (knowledge, attitudes, intentions, help-seeking, accessing care, mental health outcomes and satisfaction), assessed the risk of bias and conducted meta-analyses where deemed appropriate. Results After screening 5641 identified articles, 34 RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Eighty per cent of universal school-based interventions measuring knowledge (n = 5) and 67% measuring attitudes (n = 6) reported significantly better results compared with controls on those outcomes, whereas 20% measuring access to care (n = 5) and none measuring mental health outcomes (n = 7) did. In contrast, 71% of interventions targeting at-risk individuals (n = 21) reported better access to care compared with controls, while just 33% (n = 6) did for mental health outcomes. For satisfaction with care, this proportion was 80% (n = 5). Meta-analyses of interventions measuring initial appointment attendance yielded combined odds ratios of 3.11 (2.07–4.67) for appointment reminder interventions and 3.51 (2.02–6.11) for treatment engagement interventions. The outcomes for universal school-based interventions were heterogeneous and could not be summarised quantitatively through meta-analysis. Conclusions To have a population-level effect on improving children's access to mental health care, two-stage interventions that identify those in need and then engage them in the health-care system may be necessary. We need more evidence on interventions to target contextual factors such as affordability and infrastructural barriers.
Absolute Protein Binding Free Energy Simulations for Ligands with Multiple Poses, a Thermodynamic Path That Avoids Exhaustive Enumeration of the Poses

We propose a free energy calculation method for receptor–ligand binding, which have multiple binding poses that avoids exhaustive enumeration of the poses. For systems with multiple binding poses, the standard procedure is to enumerate orientations of the binding poses, restrain the ligand to each orientation, and then, calculate the binding free energies for each binding pose. In this study, we modify a part of the thermodynamic cycle in order to sample a broader conformational space of the ligand in the binding site. This modification leads to more accurate free energy calculation without performing separate free energy simulations for each binding pose. We applied our modification to simple model host–guest systems as a test, which have only two binding poses, by using a single decoupling method (SDM) in implicit solvent. The results showed that the binding free energies obtained from our method without knowing the two binding poses were in good agreement with the benchmark results obtained by explicit enumeration of the binding poses. Our method is applicable to other alchemical binding free energy calculation methods such as the double decoupling method (DDM) in explicit solvent. We performed a calculation for a protein–ligand system with explicit solvent using our modified thermodynamic path. The results of the free energy simulation along our modified path were in good agreement with the results of conventional DDM, which requires a separate binding free energy calculation for each of the binding poses of the example of phenol binding to T4 lysozyme in explicit solvent. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partially randomised patient preference trials as an alternative design to randomised controlled trials: systematic review and meta-analyses

Objective Randomised controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard to provide unbiased data. However, when patients have a treatment preference, randomisation may influence participation and outcomes (eg, external and internal validity). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of patients’ preference in RCTs by analysing partially randomised patient preference trials (RPPT); an RCT and preference cohort combined. Design Systematic review and meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RPPTs published between January 2005 and October 2018 reporting on allocation of patients to randomised and preference cohorts were included. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data. The main outcomes were the difference in external validity (participation and baseline characteristics) and internal validity (lost to follow-up, crossover and the primary outcome) between the randomised and the preference cohort within each RPPT, compared in a meta-regression using a Wald test. Risk of bias was not assessed, as no quality assessment for RPPTs has yet been developed. Results In total, 117 of 3734 identified articles met screening criteria and 44 were eligible (24 873 patients). The participation rate in RPPTs was >95% in 14 trials (range: 48%–100%) and the randomisation refusal rate was >50% in 26 trials (range: 19%–99%). Higher education, female, older age, race and prior experience with one treatment arm were characteristics of patients declining randomisation. The lost to follow-up and cross-over rate were significantly higher in the randomised cohort compared with the preference cohort. Following the meta-analysis, the reported primary outcomes were comparable between both cohorts of the RPPTs, mean difference 0.093 (95% CI −0.178 to 0.364, p=0.502). Conclusions Patients’ preference led to a substantial proportion of a specific patient group refusing randomisation, while it did not influence the primary outcome within an RPPT. Therefore, RPPTs could increase external validity without compromising the internal validity compared with RCTs. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019094438.
Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies MicroRNAs and Target Genes Associated with Prognosis in Patients with Melanoma

Background Melanoma of the skin can be associated with early metastases and poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes associated with prognosis in melanoma using bioinformatics analysis. Material/Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database identified the microarray dataset GSE20994. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were first identified using R language software and validated by GEO2R. Potential target genes of DE-miRNAs were screened, and their targets and prognostic role were evaluated in the miRTarBase database. Pathway enrichment and functional annotation analysis for target genes were established using the DAVID database. miRNA-hub gene networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and visualized using the STRING database and Cytoscape. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed using transcriptome and survival data from the UALCAN web tool. Results There were 132 upregulated and 134 down-regulated DE-miRNAs identified from human melanoma samples. From the top three upregulated miRNAs, there were 580 potential predicted target genes, and from the top three down-regulated miRNAs, there 543 potential predicted target genes. miR-300 was upregulated, and miR-629 was down-regulated in melanoma. Two pivotal bub genes, TP53 and GAPDH, were identified in the PPI network. Five out of ten hub genes were modulated by upregulated miR-580, and five by miR-629. Increased mRNA expression of DAPK2 was associated with increased OS, and increased mRNA expression of SKCM, TECPR2, and ZNF781 were associated with reduced OS. Conclusions Bioinformatics analysis identified miRNAs and target genes associated with melanoma that may represent potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
Evaluation of pulmonary B lines by different intensive care physicians using bedside ultrasonography: a reliability study

Objective To evaluate the agreement between intensive care physicians with similar training in the use of bedside lung ultrasonography in identifying pulmonary B lines, visualized in real time, to verify the reproducibility of the method. Methods A total of 67 patients with some ventilatory deterioration identified within 12 hours after a pulmonary ultrasonography in the period from November 2016 to March 2017 were analyzed, and all were admitted to an intensive care unit of a private hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The lung ultrasonographies were performed by three different professionals, termed A, B and C, and the time interval between each lung ultrasonography was less than 3 hours. The only visualized chest zones were the anterior and lateral, defined as right and left anterior (1) zones (Z1R and Z1L, respectively), which were delimited by the clavicle, the sternum and the horizontal line perpendicular to the xiphoid process and anterior axillary line. The right and left lateral (2) zones (Z2R and Z2L, respectively) covered the lateral area between the anterior and posterior axillary lines, with the lower limit being the same horizontal line corresponding to the height of the xiphoid process. A lung zone was considered positive for B lines upon visualization of three or more of these lines, suggesting the presence of alveolar-interstitial syndrome. Using the Kappa value, we evaluated the agreement among the four zones according to the execution of each pair of professionals (AB, AC and BC). Results Approximately 80% of the areas that were visualized showed a moderate to substantial agreement, with the Kappa values ranging from 0.41 - 079 (p < 0.05; 95% CI). The highest levels of agreement occurred in the upper zones Z1R and Z1L between subgroups AC and BC, with a Kappa of approximately 0.65 (p < 0.001). In turn, Z2L showed one of the lowest agreements, with a Kappa of 0.36. Conclusion The possible limitation of an examiner-dependent effect on lung ultrasounds was not found in this study, suggesting the good reproducibility of this diagnostic modality at the bedside.
Distinguishing biomolecular pathways and metastable states.

Protein folding occurs in a high dimensional phase space, and the representation of the associated energy landscape is non-trivial. A widely applied approach to studying folding landscapes is to describe the dynamics along a small number of reaction coordinates. However, other strategies involve more elaborate analysis of the complex phase space. There have been many attempts to obtain a more detailed representation of all available conformations for a given system. In this work, we address this problem using a metric based on internal distances between amino acids to describe the differences between any two conformations. Using an effective projection method, we are able to go beyond the typical one-dimensional representation and provide intuitive two-dimensional visualizations of the landscape. We refer to this method as Energy Landscape Visualization Method (ELViM). We have applied this methodology using a Cα structure-based model (SBM) to study the folding of two well-known proteins: SH3 domain and Protein-A. Our visualization method yields a detailed description of the folding process, making possible the identification of transition state regions, and establishing the paths that lead to the native state. For SH3, we have analyzed structural differences in the distribution of folding routes. The competition between the native and mirror structures in protein A is also discussed. Finally, the method is applied to study conformational changes in the protein Elongation Factor Thermally unstable (EF-Tu). Distinct features of ELViM are that it does not require or assume a reaction coordinate, and it does not require analysis of kinetic aspects of the system.
Cytoplasmic retention and degradation of a mitotic inducer enable plant infection by a pathogenic fungus

In the fungus Ustilago maydis, sexual pheromones elicit mating resulting in an infective filament able to infect corn plants. Along this process a G2 cell cycle arrest is mandatory. Such as cell cycle arrest is initiated upon the pheromone recognition in each mating partner, and sustained once cell fusion occurred until the fungus enter the plant tissue. We describe that the initial cell cycle arrest resulted from inhibition of the nuclear transport of the mitotic inducer Cdc25 by targeting its importin, Kap123. Near cell fusion to take place, the increase on pheromone signaling promotes Cdc25 degradation, which seems to be important to ensure the maintenance of the G2 cell cycle arrest to lead the formation of the infective filament. This way, premating cell cycle arrest is linked to the subsequent steps required for establishment of the infection. Disabling this connection resulted in the inability of fungal cells to infect plants.
Neural and muscular determinants of maximal rate of force development.

The ability to produce rapid forces requires quick motor unit recruitment, high motor unit discharge rates, and fast motor unit force twitches. The relative importance of these parameters for maximum rate of force development (RFD), however, is poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated these relations using a computational model of motor unit pool activity and force. Across simulations, neural and muscular properties were systematically varied in experimentally observed ranges. Motor units were recruited over an interval starting from contraction onset (range: 22-233 ms). Upon recruitment, discharge rates declined from an initial rate (range: 89-212 pps) with varying likelihood of doublet (inter-spike interval of 3 ms; range: 0-50%). Finally, muscular adaptations were modeled by changing average twitch contraction time (range: 42-78 ms). Spectral analysis showed that the effective neural drive to the simulated muscle had smaller bandwidths than the average motor unit twitch indicating that the bandwidth of the motor output, and thus the capacity for explosive force, was limited mainly by neural properties. The simulated RFD increased by 1,050 ± 281 %MVC/s from the longest to the shortest recruitment interval. This effect was >4-fold higher than the effect of increasing the initial discharge rate, >5-fold higher than the effect of increasing the chance of doublets, and >6-fold higher than the effect of decreasing twitch contraction times. The simulated results suggest that the physiological variation of the rate by which motor units are recruited during ballistic contractions is the main determinant for the variability in RFD across individuals.
In utero exposure to persistent and nonpersistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals and anogenital distance. A systematic review of epidemiological studies†

Abstract Anti-androgenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cross the placenta to modify early offspring sexual dimorphic markers. These changes are linked to anogenital distance (AGD), which is an androgen-sensitive anthropometric parameter used as a biomarker of perineal growth and caudal migration of the genital tubercle. This review aimed to summarize strength of evidence for associations of in utero exposure to EDCs with AGD and to identify gaps and limitations in the literature so as to inform future research. We performed an electronic search of English literature in September 2019 in medical literature analysis and retrieval system online (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Toxline. We included epidemiological studies that examined in utero exposure to persistent and nonpersistent EDCs and considered AGD in offspring as an outcome. Our review contained 16 investigations examining exposure to persistent EDCs (nine studies) and nonpersistent EDCs (seven studies). Some individual studies reported an inverse association between exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), dioxins, perfluoroalkyl substances, and organochlorides and AGD in both male and female offspring. Meta-analysis of three studies found a small reduction of AGD in female offspring exposed to BPA. The number of studies per chemical is small, and number of subjects examined is limited; so, replication of these results is needed. To achieve more specificity and better replication of results, future studies should establish the association of nonpersistent EDCs using multiple urine samples, evaluate the cumulative impact of exposure to a mixture of anti-androgenic chemicals, and offer adequate consideration of more maternal- and children-related confounding factors. Summary sentence Early-life exposure to anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting chemicals provide inconsistent findings demonstrating an inverse association between higher maternal levels of some chemicals and anogenital distance, the effect being more common in male offspring.
Dialectical behavior therapy guided self-help for binge-eating disorder

ABSTRACT Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent and serious public health issue. BED is characterized by recurrent out-of-control binge eating episodes in the absence of extreme weight control behavior and is associated with significant psychosocial and physiological impairment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), based on the affect regulation model of binge eating, is an evidence-based treatment (EBT) approach for BED. Unfortunately, access to EBTs is often limited due to geographical barriers (i.e., lack of local providers with specialized training in EBTs), lack of financial resources, and/or time constraints. Self-help approaches (via guided and unguided versions) to delivering DBT for BED offer a potentially effective means of more widely disseminating this treatment. Compared to traditional, higher intensity approaches, self-help DBT for BED is less time-consuming, less financially costly, and requires less need for specialized therapist-training. This paper will present how DBT for BED has been adapted for self-help delivery, review the limited but promising research on DBT self-help available to date, and provide directions for future research.