Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of multiformable supramolecular gels through helical complexation by amylose in vine-twining polymerization

In this study, we prepared mutiformable functional supramolecular gels by vine-twining polymerization using poly(γ-glutamic acid-graft-e-caprolactone) (PGA-g-PCL) as a new guest polymer, with subsequent procedures of lyophilization and exchange of dispersion media. When the phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization of the monomer α-D-glucose 1-phosphate from a maltoheptaose primer was carried out in the presence of PGA-g-PCL according to the vine-twining polymerization method, a supramolecular hydrogel was obtained. The resulting hydrogel, purified by soaking in water, had the self-standing properties. Macroscopic interfacial healing was achieved by the formation of inclusion complexes at the interface between two hydrogel pieces through enzymatic polymerization. Cryogels were obtained by the lyophilization of the hydrogels; XRD analysis of the cryogel indicated the presence of inclusion complexes of amylose with PCL graft chains in intermolecular (PGA-g-PCL)s, which acted as cross-linking points for hydrogelation. Porous morphologies were seen in scanning electron micrographs of the cryogels. Furthermore, ion gels were fabricated by soaking the hydrogels in the ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The mechanical properties of the cryo- and ion gels were evaluated by compressive and tensile testing, respectively.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH RADAR REFLECTIVITY OF HAILSTORMS

Computations are made of the radar reflectivity Ze of particles present in hailstorm updraughts in exponential size spectra. The reflectivity varies substantially according to the radar wavelength and according to whether the particles are wet or dry. In severe storms a very strong echo may be observed aloft. Partly by reference to a particular example it is shown that its magnitude at the shorter wavelengths (Ze ± 107 mm6 m–3), and the variation of its intensity with wavelength, can reasonably be explained only if the responsible particles are large dry hailstones of almost uniform size. The dryness and sorting of the large stones is attributed to fall outside the updraught through a wind shear, and the decrease of echo intensity lower down to their re-entry into the updraught and wetting. It appears that the likelihood and size of hail at the ground are indicated by echo intensity aloft at 3 cm, and less sensitively at 4·7 cm, but not at 10 cm. Measurements of echo intensity at several wavelengths are helpful in the study of severe storms.
Imaging protein interactions in vivo with sub-cellular resolution

Resonant Energy Transfer (RET) from an optically excited donor molecule (D) to a non-excited acceptor molecule (A) residing nearby is widely used to detect molecular interactions in living cells. Stoichiometric information, such as the number of proteins forming a complex, has been obtained so far for a handful of proteins, but only after exposing the sample sequentially to at least two different excitation wavelengths. During this lengthy process of measurement, the molecular makeup of a cellular region may change, and this has so far limited the applicability of RET to determination of cellular averages. Here we demonstrate a method for imaging protein complex distribution in living cells with sub-cellular spatial resolution, which relies on a spectrally-resolved two-photon microscope, a simple but competent theory, and a keen selection of fluorescent tags. This technology may eventually lead to tracking dynamics of macromolecular complex formation and dissociation with spatial resolution inside living cells.
Facile and surfactant-free synthesis of supported Pd nanoparticles on hydrotalcite for oxidation of benzyl alcohol

We report a facile modified deposition–precipitation method that permits reproducible preparation of a supported Pd catalyst with small particle size and narrow size distribution but without the protection of a surfactant and any additional treatment. The pH value in this technique plays a key role in controlling the size of the Pd nanoparticles as well as the electronic environment of the surface Pd atoms. With the increasing pH (4.0–12.0), the average size of the Pd nanoparticles decreases gradually, meanwhile, the peak area ratio for CO adsorbed on bridge-bonded Pd to that adsorbed on threefold-coordinate Pd increases. Stronger support–metal interaction (electron transfer from Pd0 to support) is observed at pH values of 7.0 and 10.0. Both the small particle size and the electron-deficient surface metallic Pd contribute to enhancement in the activity for the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Therefore, compared with supported Pd catalysts prepared by sol immobilization, impregnation and deposition–precipitation methods, Pd/hydrotalcite synthesized by this modified deposition–precipitation approach shows a higher TOF value (5330 h−1). This enhanced catalytic performance can also be maintained in five cycles. Under the considerations of green chemistry, a number of Pd catalysts were then prepared on alternative supports using this method without the addition of alkali in the preparation process.
The Oceanic Thermocline and the Associated Thermohaline Circulation

A study is made of the thermal structure of an ocean which is dynamically geostrophic, bounded by an eastern coast, and driven by an imposed surface temperature distribution and wind-stress. The heat equation contains vertical diffusion in the form of a virtual eddy mixing parameter and non-linear terms of vertical and north-south advection. Comparison of the results with the North Atlantic shows an agreement with the observed temperature distribution in the thermocline region, including the deepening of isotherms in mid-latitudes. The value of the vertical component of velocity at the bottom of the thermocline is predicted, and a numerical value for the eddy-conductivity obtained. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1959. tb00035.x
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT ON DRYING TIME AND QUALITY OF CHILLI PEPPER

ABSTRACT A study was carried out on the effect of various pretreatments and drying methods on drying time and quality of chilli pepper. Chilli peppers were pretreated with different blanching types and concentrations of osmotic sugar solutions (60 and 70°Brix), and were dried afterward. Results indicated that the pretreated peppers dried faster than the untreated ones. The peppers soaked in osmotic solution of 70°Brix had the lowest drying time, which decreased by a variation of 33.3–41.7%, compared with the dried untreated peppers that had the highest drying time. Solar-dried peppers had higher nutritional content than peppers dried from the other methods, while the oven-dried pepper samples had the lowest vitamin A and vitamin C contents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Drying gives dried samples lower nutritional quality than fresh samples because of physiological changes that takes place. Pretreatments of pepper by steam and by water blanching are common methods, but osmotic dehydration also has a significant effect on the quality of dried foods. The effect of the pretreatments and drying methods on the drying rate and nutritional quality of dried pepper were investigated. Osmotically dehydrated samples had the lowest drying time, while pretreated samples dried faster than untreated samples generally. The nutritional quality of the dried samples, however, varied with the different pretreatment methods. This indicates that pretreatment enhances drying rate and also affects the quality of the final dried product. Dried pepper can thus be pretreated with blanching or dipping in osmotic solutions for products of higher nutritional quality. This will give dried pepper that will meet the nutritional requirement of the consumers better than untreated dried pepper.
Charge-storage effects in silicon dioxide films

The dc properties of the system Si:SiO 2 (6000 A), metal have been investigated at 200-400°C. The system shows unidirectional conduction at 400°C. Little or no current is observed when the silicon electrode is positive. There is a region of reversible charge storage and discharge at negative silicon voltages; the center of this region is around -2 volts when the contact metal is gold, but more positive when it is aluminum. The quantities of charge stored range from 4 × 1012to 2 × 1014charges/cm2. At still more negative silicon voltages there is a region of ohmic conduction, the resistivity at 400°C ranging from 1012to 1014Ω-cm. The charge storage, which is far greater than that anticipated from the oxide capacitance, can be shown to occur principally in the oxide under the metal contact, and not over a broad adjacent area. Storage of charge in the oxide causes an n -type shift of the underlying silicon surface. Charges can develop in the oxide as a result of nonelectrical processes, such as high-temperature gas baking treatments. Conversion of the upper 600 A of the oxide to a phosphate glass eliminates both charge storage and ohmic conductivity in the oxide. The results described are interpreted in terms of an electrochemical potential existing across the oxide, and the presence of mobile charged species within the oxide. Charge storage can occur as the result of double-layer formation by the mobile charged species, or of its electrochemical discharge at the electrodes. The unidirectionality of the ohmic conduction is considered to result from electrolytic rectification at the silicon-oxide boundary.
Perancangan Sistem Pakar Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Ginjal Dengan Metode Certainty Factor dan Forward Chaining

Ginjal merupakan organ penting dalam sistem metabolisme tubuh kita. Karena padatnya aktivitas, kita sering lupa untuk menjaganya. Pola makan yang tidak teratur, kurangnya asupan serta mineral, serta konsumsi makanan atau minuman instan berkalori tinggi . tanpa sadar telah memperberat kerja ginjal. Menurut para pakar ilmiah dibidang kesehatan, kurangnya manifestasi klinis spesifik pada pasien penyakit ginjal menyebabkan akurasi diagnosis sering tidak sesuai. Certainty Factor digunakan oleh pakar ketika pakar mengalami kebingungan dalam mendiagnosis pasien. Dengan menggunakan metode Certainty Factor serta Forward Caining pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis secara spesifik.
Adhesion Performance and Microscope Morphology of UV-Curable Semi-interpenetrated Dicing Acrylic PSAs in Si-Wafer Manufacture Process for MCP

UV-curable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (acrylic PSAs) have many applications in industry. As the Si-wafers become thinner, the acrylic PSAs for MCP need to show proper adhesion and leave little residue on the Si-wafer after UV irradiation when released from the dicing tapes. Strong adhesion is required in the dicing process to hold the Si-wafer before UV irradiation. On the other hand, weak adhesion strength is required after UV irradiation to prevent damage to the Si-wafers during the pick-up process. This study employed semi-interpenetrating polymer network-structured dicing of acrylic PSAs in the Si-wafer manufacture process. The binder PSAs contained 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) and acrylic acid (AA). The adhesion performance of the peel strength on a Si-wafer was examined as a function of the UV dose. The results showed that the abovementioned two requirements were achieved using semi-IPN dicing acrylic PSAs using a hexafunctional acrylate monomer and a UV-curing system. FE-SEM and XPS revealed little residue on the wafer after removing the tape. This paper suggests the optimal conditions for the curing agent, the additional hexafunctional monomer, photoinitiator and the coating thickness.
An Improved Method for Obtaining Small Pressed Powder Pellets for the Analysis by XRF

A rapid, very low cost of instrumentation and simple approach to specimen preparation for the analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is presented. This technique requires a few mg of powdered samples, which are compressed to produce pellets. This procedure is employed for determining major, minor and trace elements in muscovites and K-feldspars. Factors affecting measured intensities, such as particle size and distribution, surface texture, pelletizing pressure, etc, are considered. A description of the new sample preparation device, including technical characteristics, is also given. It is demonstrated that suitable specimen presentation to the X-ray beam is obtained by using our procedure.
Ultra-sensitive magnetic immunoassay of HE4 based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), as a serological marker, has been proposed to be the most promising tumor marker in ovarian cancer diagnosis. An approach based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and a magnetic immunoassay technique was developed successfully for rapid detection and separation of HE4 with high sensitivity and selectivity. The detection was involved in the construction of a unique sandwich structure using a bottom-up method, which consisted of HE4 antibody and SERS reporter coated Au nanoparticles (A) and target HE4 antigen and HE4 antibody-modified magnetic core–shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (B). The sandwich structure was effectively enriched by using a magnet for SERS detection. This approach exhibited an extremely high specificity in the detection of HE4 due to the strong specific interaction between the antibody and the corresponding antigen. The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD) of the present approach was as low as 100 fg mL−1 and demonstrated a linear relationship between SERS intensities and lg c in a concentration range of 1 pg mL−1 to 10 ng mL−1. Accompanied by the magnetic enrichment procedure after the assembling of the sandwich structure, almost all of the HE4 protein was removed. The immuno Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles were regenerated by releasing the HE4 from the sandwich structure into the acidified methanol solution, and it could be used for magnetic enrichment and SERS detection for at least five times. Moreover, two kinds of immuno nanoparticles (A and B) could be developed as reagent kits in the clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Solvent and Ligand Effects on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of Gold Colloids

Cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC)-stabilized gold organosol in toluene has been prepared by using a two-phase (water−toluene) extraction of AuCl4- followed by its reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of the surfactant, CPC. The surfactant-stabilized gold nanoparticles were exploited to examine their optical properties when exposed to various solvent systems and ligands by measuring the changes in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum. It was seen that the position of the surface plasmon band of metal nanoparticles is greatly influenced by the solvents and the ligands under consideration. The surface plasmon absorption maxima modulates/varies between 520 and 550 nm for gold nanoparticles, depending on the refractive index of the solvent. The significant discovery presented here is that λmax of the LSPR shifts to the blue by 3 nm for the increase of one carbon atom in the alcohol chain. Cationic and anionic surfactants of different chain lengths induce changes in the optical prope.
Direct e-beam writing of 1 nm thin carbon nanoribbons

The fabrication of 1nm thin carbon nanoribbons and nanorings is demonstrated. Aromatic self-assembled monolayers are locally cross-linked by electron beam lithography into polymeric carbon nanosheets. Annealing at 1200K in ultrahigh vacuum transforms these electrically insulating nanosheets into a conducting two-dimensional phase consisting of nanopatches of graphene with a sheet conductivity of ∼10−2Ssq. The method allows the direct writing of patterns into the monolayer, permitting the resistless fabrication of arbitrarily sized and shaped carbon nanostructures with a thickness of 1nm.
COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS AS A POTENTIAL NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE – IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PROPERTIES

The influence of the particle size of colloidal dispersion on nasal absorption and the localization of Ondansetron hydrochloride in the dispersion have been investigated in rats. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the freeze-drying process, which was used to load Ondansetron hydrochloride into the colloidal dispersions, had a significant impact on the integrity and surface properties of the nasal epithelium in rats. The optimized formulation was analyzed for the sterility by (total bacterial count) and stability study, which proved that the formulation does not contain bacteria and fungi, found to be stable up to 3 years. Pharmacokinetics study was carried out in Wistar rats for C max, t max and AUC, which was found to be 2 h, 0.5 h and 0-2 h respectively. It has been concluded that the tendency of the particle size influence the kinetics of the Ondansetron effect curve. Key words : Nasal spray; Colloidal dispersion; Ondansetron; kinetic study, stability study.
Nurses’ Experiences toward Workplace Violence and its Consequences

Abstract Background: Workplace violence is a common problem in healthcare settings, and there is increasing evidence of nursing staff exposed to violent behavior in the workplace that negatively affects the quality of care provided. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and consequences of workplace violence against nurses and to assess nurses' attitude toward workplace violence. Design: It was used a descriptive design with two months of monitoring. Setting: the study conducted in two hospitals in the emergency departments, intensive care unit and the psychiatric department at Benha University and Benha psychiatric hospitals in Benha city. Subject: the purposive sample was in total (226) female nurses. Tool: Data were collected using Nurses‘ Workplace Violence Questioner: to measure nurses‘ exposure to workplace violence and and its consequences, included (57) questions, which was composed of five parts. Results: The majority (68.1%) of the nurse had been exposed to psychological workplace violence. The patient was the most source of violence and the most causes were shortage of nurses leading to delays in care and the violance take place inside health institution. The nurse manager not provide support to nurses . The most (76.4% & 68.8%) of nurses were very dissatisfied with the violence handled. The most (69.1%) of the nurses had positive attitude toward workplace violence consequences. The most (72.6%) common policies used are; physical work place violence. As regard to the measures used to deal with workplace violence the most(46%) of nurses answered that improved surroundings is the most common measures used. Conclusion: The study conclude that there is a high rate of violence against nurses in psychiatric, emergency departments and intensive care units and its effect on the majority of nurses. The majority of nurses believed workplace violence had a negative impact on their work and may lead to decreased quality of care. Recommendations: Training program to manage violence in the workplace and reducing work-related assaults. Nurse managers dealing with violence events by given necessary support through counseling and medical consultation.
Studies on the Supramolecular Interaction Between Tetramethrin and β‐Cyclodextrin by Spectrofluorimetry and Its Analytical Application

Abstract The supramolecular interaction between tetramethrin and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) has been studied by spectrofluorimetry. The results show that β‐CD reacts with tetramethrin to form an inclusion complex with an association constant of 40.3 L mol−1. The composition of the complex is 1:1(β‐CD:tetramethrin). Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of tetramethrin in inclusion complex, a spectrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of tetramethrin in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 295 and 356 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method was 11–1500 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 3.4 ng mL−1. The proposed method was successfully used to determine trace amount of tetramethrin in river water.
Nanotecnologia em medicina: aspectos fundamentais e principais preocupações

#NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE: CONCEPTS AND CONCERNS. The recent advances in the development of nanomaterials have opened new and exciting opportunities for their applications in medicine. These applications include molecular imaging, drug-delivery, and photothermal therapy. Despite the progress in medicinal applications of nanomaterials, several key problems remain unaddressed. Recent advances in this area include the enhancement of sensitivity in early diagnosis and therapy, in addition to investigations into the possible toxicity of nanomaterials. However, since little is known about the toxicity of nanomaterials, the regulation of these materials is a slow and complex process. This paper reviews the current scenario in the applications of nanomaterials in medicine as well as the main concerns and regulatory questions.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IN SITU NASAL MUCOADHESIVE GEL OF METOPROLOL SUCCINATE BY USING 32 FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN

Objective: To develop and evaluate in situ nasal mucoadhesive gel of metoprolol succinate. Methods : In situ nasal mucoadhesive gel was formulated by cold method using Carbopol 940 as a pH sensitive polymer, xanthan gum as a mucoadhesive polymer and PEG 400 as the penetration enhancer. A 3 2 full factorial designs was successfully applied for the optimization. All the formulated gels were evaluated for different chemical and physical characteristics. In vitro release data were fitted to different models to know exact mechanism of drug release. Results: All the prepared in situ gel showed good In vitro drug release profile. Carbopol 940 and xanthan gum in higher concentrations were effective in sustaining the release of drug up to 8 hrs. In vitro permeation study showed that optimized F4 batch permeates 95% at 8 th hr. Conclusion: In situ nasal mucoadhesive gel was fond to be effective in sustaining the release of the drug up to 8 hrs hence it could be a useful formulation as a alternative therapy in management of hypertension.