Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALCIAN BLUE: A QUANTITATIVE AQUEOUS ASSAY FOR ALGAL ACID AND SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES 1

Alcian Blue, a cationic copper phthalocyanine dye, complexes with the anionic carboxyl and half‐ester sulfate groups of acidic algal polysaccharide in aqueous solution to form an insoluble precipitate. The quantity of dye removed from solution is proportional to the quantity of polyanion in solution, and this principle forms the basis for the quantitative determination of acid and/or sulfated algal polysaccharides. The assay is linear between 0 and 100 μg/ml agar, alginic acid, carrageenan, pectin and Porphyridium aerugineum Geit. polysaccharide. In addition, the technique is used to determine the anion density of acid polysaccharides on a molar or weight equivalency basis.
Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Rooting of Stem and Stolon Cuttings of the Colombian Blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)

The Colombian blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a promissory crop for the Andean Region of South America, and the absence of a suitable propagation protocol presents a difficulty introducing it into commercial production. This research was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on rhizogenesis of stem and stolon cuttings of the Colombian blueberry. The highest rooting percentages (up to 73.3%) were observed at day 60 on stem cuttings treated with 200 mg −1 4-indole-3yl-butyric acid or napthtalene-acetic acid in mycorrhiza-free substrate. The presence of mycorrhizas in substrate increased cutting viability up to 95%, but reduced percentage rooting, root number, and root length on stem cuttings of the Colombian blueberry. Treating stem cuttings with 200–400 mg −1 4-indole-3yl-butyric acid or napthtalene-acetic acid diminished the effects of fungi on root formation. The use of stolon cuttings for vegetative propagation of the Colombian blueberry had low practical applicability. The results of the study might further serve to establish the optimal substrate conditions and cutting source for vegetative propagation of the Colombian blueberry in commercial culture.
Insect/Bt-cotton interactions: are immunological variables and hemocyte ultrastructure in Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) affected?

Recent studies have shown that ingestion by the army worm Spodoptera frugiperda of Cry1Ac toxin from Bt cotton promotes histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the digestive cells of the predatory pentatomid bug Podisus nigrispinus. Therefore, mindful of the changes in the midgut of the predator, which represents the first line of defence in this insect, our aim was to test the hypothesis that the consumption of Bt cotton-fed S. frugiperda by P. nigrispinus might lead to alterations in components of the immune system of P. nigrispinus. The Cry1Ac toxin level in the leaves of Bt cotton, nitric oxide, phenoloxidase activity, and total proteins were quantified by ELISA. Total and differential hemocyte counts were evaluated, and hemocyte ultrastructure analysis was undertaken. We found that ingestion of the prey fed daily with approximately 23 ± 0.70 ng g-1 Cry1Ac by wet weight of leaves, and expressed by the Bt cotton, induces small ultrastructural changes in the predator's granulocytes and plasmatocytes. However, these changes did not affect the total number and differential and humoral variables analyzed for the bug's hemocytes.
Where to draw the line? A nuclear genetic perspective on proposed range boundaries of the crested newts Triturus karelinii and T. arntzeni

The group of crested newts distributed from the southern Balkans to the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, Triturus karelinii sensu lato, comprises two species, T. karelinii in the east and T. arntzeni in the west. Three hypotheses have been forwarded defining the range of T. arntzeni, namely from northern Serbia eastwards i) in to Thrace, ii) up to the Aegean-Black Sea waterway including the Bosporus, or iii) into western Anatolia. We study 130 newts from 22 populations across this area with a panel of 40 enzyme nuclear genes. A combined analysis with the computer programs Structure and NewHybrids reveals the existence of two groups with admixture at two localities. The 'western group' comprises all European populations and a population at the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara in Asiatic Turkey, whereas the 'eastern group' is found at the Sakarya river valley in northern Anatolia, Asiatic Turkey. The admixed populations are also located in northern Anatolia. An analysis with the computer program BAPS resolves six genetic clusters, of which three represent the 'western group' and the other three coincide with the 'eastern group' and the two admixed populations. These analyses indicate that the species transition from T. arntzeni to T. karelinii is not in Thrace but in northern Anatolia. The presence of 'western' T. arntzeni to the east of 'eastern' T. karelinii indicates that the species' contact zone has a convoluted shape. Moreover, the spatial distribution of diagnostic allozymes only roughly coincides with that of two deeply divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. A more detailed survey on the crested newt distribution in Anatolia is required to elucidate the picture further.
A Redescription of Adult Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius) (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) from Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Norway

Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius, 1780), originally described on the basis of specimens recovered from the ureter of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in Drangedalen, Norway, is here redescribed with both light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) from material obtained from the type host and type locality. This species has been overlooked in general text‐books of this century, e.g. those of Dawes and Yamaguti, but was discussed by Nybelin in a paper in 1926 in which he suggested its conspecificity with P. conostomum Olsson. The dimensions, shapes, position and arrangement of the internal structures and selected size ratios are described and illustrated with LM‐pictures. The SEM‐investigation reveals the tegumental microstructure, and special emphasis is given to the arrangement of papillae. The body papillae comprise: (a) constant numbers in a constant bilateral arrangement; (b) a variable number in an orientated bilateral concentration called rows; (c) regional concentrations; (d) randomly distributed ones. This system and its variability are described and figured. Four types of papillae, and their distribution as seen by SEM, are described. These results are compared with the results from other SEM–investigations on gorgoderids.
Differentiation of sapstain fungi by restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns in nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA

A useful DNA fingerprinting method for wood staining fungi is described. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSrDNA) from 55 fungal isolates of 13 sapstain species belonging to the Aureobasidium, Ceratocystis, Leptographium, and Ophiostoma genera. To find polymorphisms useful in differentiating the isolates, the amplified SSrDNAs were digested with 10 selected restriction enzymes. Genus-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were determined by RsaI, StyI, and TaqI for the four genera. This PCR-RFLP analysis of SSrDNA offers an easy and rapid tool for differentiation of the major sapstain organisms on stained wood.
PCR Protocol for OneTaq® DNA Polymerase (M0480)

EXTERNAL LINK https://www.neb.com/protocols/2012/10/11/onetaqdnapolymerasem0480 GUIDELINES PCR Protocol for OneTaq® DNA Polymerase (M0480) Works for me dx.doi. org/10.17504/protocols.io. cq8vzv Jan 31, 2015 New England Biolabs (NEB) Tech. support phone: +1(800)632-7799 email: info@neb.com OneTaq DNA Polymerase allows for greater amplification sensitivity across a wide variety of amplicons regardless of GC content. OVERVIEW PCR The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a powerful and sensitive technique for DNA amplification. Taq DNA Polymerase is an enzyme widely used in PCR. OneTaq DNA Polymerase allows for greater amplification sensitivity across a wide variety of amplicons regardless of GC content. The following guidelines are provided to ensure successful PCR using New England Biolabs’ OneTaq DNA Polymerase. These guidelines cover most routine PCR. Specialized applications may require further optimization. PROTOCOL Reaction setup: We recommend assembling all reaction components on ice and quickly transferring the reactions to a thermocycler preheated to the denaturation temperature (94°C). Add to a sterile thin-walled PCR tube: *OneTaq GC Reaction Buffer and High GC Enhancer can be used for difficult amplicons **For amplicons between 3–6 kb, use 2.5–5 units/50 μl rxn Notes: Gently mix the reaction. Collect all liquid to the bottom of the tube by a quick spin if necessary. Overlay the sample with mineral oil if using a PCR machine without a heated lid. Transfer PCR tubes to a PCR machine and begin thermocycling: Thermocycling conditions for a routine PCR: Component 25 μl reaction 50 μl reaction Final Concentration 5X OneTaq Standard Reaction Buffer* 5 μl 10 μl 1X 10 mM dNTPs (#N0447) 0.5 μl 1 μl 200 μM 10 μM Forward Primer 0.5 μl 1 μl 0.2 μM 10 μM Reverse Primer 0.5 μl 1 μl 0.2 μM OneTaq DNA Polymerase 0.125 μl 0.25 μl 1.25 units/50 μl PCR** Template DNA variable variable < 1,000 ng Nuclease-free water to 25 μl to 50 μl
A modified method to directly detect in SDS‐PAGE the bacteriocin of Pediococcus acidilactici

A modified direct detection system was developed to identify the antimicrobial peptide, pediocin AcH in SDS‐PAGE. The gel containing pediocin AcH was stained for 30 min, destained for 1.5 h, and then overlaid with indicator bacteria. The pediocin AcH band was identified by a zone of inhibition of bacterial growth surrounding the stained protein band.
Diets of deep-sea macrourid fishes in the western Mediterranean

The feeding habits of the 4 most abundant macrourids that occur on the deep slope of the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean) were examined for the first time for the Mediterranean at depths between 1000 and 2250 m. Diets of Chalinura mediterranea, Coryphaenoides guentheri, Coelorhynchus labiatus and Trachyrhynchus trachyrhynchus were analysed for 2 seasons (summer and autumn) and/or 3 different bathymetric strata. Coryphaenoides guentheri was the most euryphagous and T. trachyrhynchus the least. Chalinura mediterranea, Coelorhynchus labiatus and T. trachyrhynchus has a benthopelagic diet, whilst Coryphaenoides guentheri has a benthic diet. Coelorhynchus labiatus has a slight preference for bathybenthic prey (polychaetes, gammaridean amphipods) whereas Chalinura mediterranea and T. trachyrhynchus display a preference for bathy- pelagic prey (calanoid copepods, mysids). Chalinura mediterranea and Coryphaenoides guentheri have bathymetric differences in diet marked by the capture of different prey-items and also by a greater vacuity, a greater consumption of prey and a greater diversity at 1800 to 2250 m. A greater diversity in the diet is found in the Mediterranean populations of Chalinura mediterranea, Coryphaenoides guentheri and Coelorhynchus labiatus than in the Atlantic populations; this is prob- ably an adaptation to the faunal paucity of the Mediterranean deep sea. General affinities among the diets of all macrourids are also analysed. The apparent coincidence between the diets of Chalinura mediterranea and T. trachyrhynchus could explain the bathymetric segregation of their respectives niches. Coelorhynchus labiatus, whose habitat width lies within those of the other 3 macrourids, has a dietary overlap intermediate to those of the other 3 macrourids. Ecological separation is maintained by a combination of differential depth distribution and feeding habits.
Chrysorthenches new genus, conifer‐associated plutellid moths (Yponomeutoidea, Lepidoptera) in New Zealand and Australia

Abstract Chrysorthenches new genus is erected for 10 species (8 New Zealand, 2 Australian from Tasmania) with host plants in the conifer families Podocarpaceae and Cupressaceae. Chrysorthenches differs in 12 characters—most notably its lack of socii and gnathos, the form of the sternum 9 lobe, and in cocoon structure—from Orthenches Meyrick, in which previously described species were placed. The two Tasmanian species have 1‐segmented maxillary palpi, a specialised condition contrasting with the 4‐segmented, scaled condition in New Zealand species. The genus is presumed to predate spreading of the Tasman Sea floor. The genus is assigned to Plutellidae of authors within the Yponomeutoidea. Included species are Orthenches porphyritis Meyrick, 1886 (type species, New Zealand), O. drosochalca Meyrick, 1905 (New Zealand), O. glypharcha Meyrick, 1919 (New Zealand), O. polita Philpott, 1918 (New Zealand), O. virgata Philpott, 1920 (New Zealand) (5 new combinations); and C. argentea Dugdale (New Zealand), C. haloc.
Molecular Genetics of Pre‐1940 Red Wolves

Conservation of the endangered red wolf (Canis rufus) has become a controversial issue because its genetic and morphological composition has been altered by hybridization with coyotes (C. latrans) and possibly gray wolves (C. lupus) making its evolutionary origins difficult to ascertain. The evolutionary hypothesis based on morphological data is that the red wolf had an Early Pleistocene origin and was the predecessor of both modern coyotes and gray wolves. After 1940 red wolves hybridized with coyotes as the species vanished from the wild. In contrast to this ancient origin-recent introgression hypothesis, molecular data are more consistent with an origin through hybridization between gray wolves and coyotes. Interspecific hybridization may have occurred repeatedly over time prior to European settlement in the southcentral United States or may have been induced recently by anthropogenic changes. We review recent molecular evidence and present new results from the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers in pre-1940 populations of red wolves. Our results are inconsistent with an ancient origin of the red wolf and support the hybridization model. We discuss possible hybridization scenarios and reasons for the red wolf reintroduction program to be concerned with the effects of genetic introgression from coyotes.
Job satisfaction and discrepancies between social and biological timing

The discrepancies between social and biological timing are reflected in shift workers' well-being. The aim of this study was to verify the association between job satisfaction and chronotype among day and night nursing personnel. Several variables, including seniority at the hospital and, in the same shift, sleep duration, quality of sleep, sleepiness and willingness to change sleep timing were also analyzed. Chronotype was calculated by using the morningness–eveningness questionnaire. We studied 514 nursing professionals from a public university hospital. Among the day workers, the higher the morningness, the more the workers were satisfied with their job. In contrast, among night workers, job satisfaction was associated with sleep quality and seniority at the hospital but not with chronotype. Our results suggest that an agreement between work schedule and chronotype may help to increase job satisfaction among diurnal workers.
Use of excipients to control aggregation in peptide and protein formulations

Aggregation is rapidly emerging as a key issue underlying multiple deleterious effects for peptide or protein-based therapeutics, including loss of efficacy, altered pharmacokinetics, reduced stability or product shelf life, and induction of unwanted immunogenicity. In addition, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a self-associating peptide can be influenced by aggregate size and the ease of disruption of the non-covalent intermolecular interactions at the subcutaneous site. This review highlights the various types of aggregates encountered in peptide and protein formulation, methods useful in detecting aggregates, and recent developments in the use of excipients to prevent or reduce peptide and protein aggregation.
Preliminary dendroecological survey on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L) stands in Tuscany (Italy)

Le travail concerne l'etude de l'influence du climat sur la croissance radiale du chene pedoncule dans l'Italie centrale. On a choisi et echantillonne 3 peuplements le long de l'Arno. Les echantillons ont ete mesures et les courbes d'accroissement ont ete standardisees et modelisees dans le but d'isoler le signal climatique. Les fonctions de reponse ont ete calculees par regression orthogonalisee entre la variable cerne (variable dependante) et les variables climatiques (variable explicative). Les resultats sont discutes du point de vue ecophysiologique. Cette etude aide a comprendre comment des ecotypes de chene pedoncule se sont adaptes au climat mediterraneen ou la disponibilite de l'eau est le facteur limitant le plus important
Efficient and reasonable object-oriented concurrency

Making threaded programs safe and easy to reason about is one of the chief difficulties in modern programming. This work provides an efficient execution model and implementation for SCOOP, a concurrency approach that provides not only data-race freedom but also pre/postcondition reasoning guarantees between threads. The extensions we propose influence the underlying semantics to increase the amount of concurrent execution that is possible, exclude certain classes of deadlocks, and enable greater performance.
Verzeichnis der Lebermoose Europas und benachbarter Gebiete

Ziel, Inhalt und Anlage werden in Vorbemerkungen erlautert. Erfast sind die Lebermoose Europas: 415 Arten und benachbarter Gebiete (Makaronesie, Nordafrika nordlich der Sahara, Klein- und Vorderasien, Kaukasus, Kaukasus und W-Sibirien): 49 Arten zusatzlich. Das eigentliche Verzeichnis besteht aus „Alphabetische Artliste” und „Taxonomischer Conspectus”. Die „Alphabetische Artliste” enthalt fur jede Art Name (sowie gegebenenfalls Basionym) mit uberpruftem Zitat der ersten gultigen Veroffentlichung, Typusangaben (Herkunft, Sammeldatum, Sammler etc.) und Nachweise von Typusexemplaren (teils aufgrund eigener Untersuchungen teils aus der Literatur zitiert). In „Taxonomischer Conspectus” sind die Arten nach Verwandtschaft geordnet, ausgedruckt im System taxonomischer Kategorien. Fur die benutzten Namen von Sektion bis Familie ist jeweils das uberprufte Literaturzitat und der nomenklatorische Typus angegeben. Sowohl Artliste als auch Conspectus sind mit zahlreichen kritischen Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie und Nomenklatur versehen. An introduction explains aim, contents and lay-out. Comprehended are the hepatics of Europe: 415 species and of neighbouring regions (Macaronesia, North Africa north of the Sahara, Minor and Anterior Asia, Caucasus, and W. Sibiria): 49 species in addition. The main part consists of an “Alphabetical Species List” and a “Taxonomic Conspectus”. The “Alphabetical Species List” contains for each species the name (and basionym) with checked quotation of their first valid publication, type data (geographical origin, collecting date, collector etc.) and records of type specimens (partly from own study partly cited from literature). In “Taxonomic Conspectus” the species are arranged according to relationships, expressed through the system of taxonomic categories. The used names from section to family are provided with the checked quotation of their first valid publication and of the nomenclatural type. Many critical notes on taxonomy and nomenclature exist in Species List and Conspectus as well.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF FIBRONECTIN IMMUNOREACTIVE STRUCTURES DEMONSTRATED IN RESPONSE TO BRAIN INJURY OF ADULT RATS

Immunohistochemistry using an antiserum to fibronectin (FN) demonstrated that FN appeared in neuronal and glial cells in the adult rat brain following cortical injury, while it was absent in neural components of intact rat brain. At early stages of lesioning induced by either cortical undercut or UV irradiation, FN-like immunoreactivity was clearly observed in cytoplasm of damaged neuronal and glial cells. At later stages, FN immunoreactivity was found in some neuronal pathways descending from the lesioned cortex. Immunoelectron microscopic examination confirmed that FN-like immunoreactivity was localized in deformed, probably regenerating, axons and nerve terminals. These results suggest that FN has important roles in scavenging degenerative axonal debris, elongation of regenerating axons, and synaptogenesis.
A Study on the Relationship between Quality of Life, Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction among Students

Aim: Happiness is a very important issue in the life of every human, which is influenced by many closely-related variables. The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship of quality of life, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among the students of Zahedan University, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 204 students (101 males & 103 females) by using census method. Research tools were quality of life, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction scales. These are valid and reliable scales for use in psychological studies. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and T-tests in SPSS software. Findings: The research findings showed that emotional intelligence had a significant positive correlation with quality of life (r=.454, p<.001) but emotional intelligence was not associated with life satisfaction. Also quality of life had a significant correlation with life satisfaction (r=.402, p<.001). The results of t-test revealed that female students showed higher mean scores in quality of life and life satisfaction in comparison to their male student counterparts; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in emotional intelligence scores. Conclusion: The results indicated that the higher scores of students’ emotional intelligence show the better quality of life they will have. Also quality of life is a variable that increasing students’ satisfaction of life. In order to raise the level of mental health, it is necessary to pay attention to the mentioned variables and educating people.
Experimental Embryology of Gossypium arboreum L. and G. hirsutum L. and Their Reciprocal Crosses

This is the first comprehensive account of time-relation studies on pollination, pollen-tube growth, fertilization, development of seed and seed fiber in Gossypium arboreum var. 231 R (2n = 26) and G. hirsutum var. H 14 (4n = 52), and their reciprocal crosses. The interval between pollination and fertilization is 24-48 hr in G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and in the cross G. arboreum × G. hirsutum, and about fertilization, and development of seed and seed fiber in Gossypium arboreum var. 231 R (2n = 26) and G. hirsutum than in G. arboreum. The pistil is longer in G. hirsutum (30.59 mm) than in G. arboreum (19.79 mm), and the faster rate of growth of the pollen tube in the former may be due to its genetic constitution (4n). Syngamy takes place 24-48 hr after pollination in G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and in the cross G. arboreum × G. hirsutum; but it requires 72-120 hr in the cross G. hirsutum × G. arboreum. A young dicotyledonous embryo can be obtained 15 or 16 days after pollination in G. arboreum, and in 17 or 18 days in G. hirsutum. The embryo aborts 12-14 days after pollination in the cross G. arboreum × G. hirsutum, and after 7 days in the reciprocal cross. The primary endosperm nucleus divides 24 hr after pollination in G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and in the cross G. arboreum × G. hirsutum; but it takes 72-120 hr in the reciprocal cross. The endosperm aborts in both crosses. The seed coat can be distinguished into six zones in both species. In the crosses, the development of seed coat and fiber is arrested 7-10 days after pollination.