Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of lettuce to water and nitrogen on sand and the potential for leaching of nitrate-N

The low desert region of Arizona is the major area of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in the United States during the winter. Lettuce is commonly grown on the loam, clay loam, and clay soils of the alluvial river valleys. There is some interest in moving a portion of the vegetable production onto the sandy soils of the terraces (mesa) above the alluvial river valley to partially relieve the intensive production pressure being placed on lands in the valley. Of major concern in these sandy soils is water and N management. Studies were conducted during two seasons to evaluate the response of crisphead lettuce to sprinkler irrigation and N fertilizer and to evaluate the potential for leaching of nitrate-N on a coarse-textured soil. Lettuce yields increased in response to water and N, and were maximized by 55 cm of water and 271 kg.ha -1 N in 1991-92 and 76 cm water and 270 kg.ha -1 N in 1992-93. These water and N rates exceeded those typically required on finer-textured alluvial valley soils. At N and water rates required for maximum yields, 88% and 77% of the applied N was not recovered in the aboveground portions of the plant during the 1991-92 and 1992-93 seasons, respectively. Overall, data for the amount of N fertilizer not recovered, estimates of nitrate-N leaching determined during one growing season, and analysis of soil samples collected after harvest indicate the potential for large N leaching losses on this coarse-textured soil. Alternative production methods that enhance water and N use efficiencies, such as drip irrigation and/or the use of controlled-release fertilizers, should be considered on this sandy soil.
Efeito da Ventilação in vitro na Aclimatização de Plantas Micropropagadas de Orthophytum mucugense Wand e Conceição

Orthophytum mucugense Wand. e Conceição é a mais nova espécie de Orthophytum descrita. Apesar de ser encontrada em uma Unidade de Conservação e de formar grandes populações, a ocorrência restrita ao município de Mucugê – Chapada Diamantina, leva a espécie à categoria vulnerável, o que demonstra a importância de trabalhos de preservação [1]. Métodos de cultura in vitro têm sido aplicados na conservação e multiplicação de genótipos específicos de bromélias. No entanto, a incapacidade de controlar a perda de água por transpiração e o mau funcionamento dos estômatos de plantas cultivadas in vitro afeta a capacidade de adaptação ao ambiente externo resultando freqüentemente num baixo percentual de sobrevivência [2]. A ventilação dos frascos de cultura obtida através do uso de tampas permeáveis estimula o desenvolvimento de adaptações contra a perda de água resultando na produção de plantas com melhor controle da transpiração [3]. O meio de cultura utilizado para a micropropagação costuma conter carboidrato que possibilita o crescimento heterotrófico dos brotos. Kozai et al. [4] destacam a possibilidade de estimular a fotoautotrofia in vitro, reduzindo a quantidade de carboidrato fornecido e aumentando a intensidade luminosa do ambiente de cultivo. Alguns sistemas de micropropagação fotoautotróficos que envolvem a utilização de meios sem açúcar, ventilação forçada e exposição a altas intensidades luminosas têm mostrado resultados positivos, proporcionando um melhor desempenho das mudas no que tange crescimento, qualidade e sobrevivência [5]. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da forma de fechamento dos tubos e de diferentes concentrações de sacarose sobre a aclimatização de plantas de O. mucugense propagadas in vitro.
Immunological characterization of A2B adenosine receptors in human mast cells

There is increasing evidence that adenosine modulates mast cell function. Such an interaction may be particularly important in asthma. Inhaled adenosine provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients through processes associated with mast cell activation. The adenosine receptor type that mediates these actions has not been identified. For this purpose, we generated antibodies against a 22‐mer peptide corresponding to C‐terminus of the human A2B adenosine receptor. This antibody recognized adenosine A2B receptors on Western blots as a band with an apparent molecular mass of 31kDa, and a smear of immunoreactivity in the region from 60 to 130kDa. Enzymatic deglycosylation of adenosine A2B receptor, or prevention of natural glycosylation with tunicamycin resulted in accumulation of protein with an apparent molecular mass of 29kDa. The specificity of this antibody was confirmed in experiments with HA‐tagged A2B receptor fusion protein. Anti‐HA and anti‐A2B antibodies, used for immunoprecipitation and Western blotting of the fusion protein, labeled the same glycoprotein in membranes of transfected, but not mock‐transfected cells. These antibodies were also found useful in immunocytochemistry, as evidenced by specific staining of cells expressing A2B, but not other subtypes of adenosine receptors. Human lung mast cells obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic patients were identified by specific monoclonal anti‐tryptase antibody. Double immunostaining demonstrated expression of A2B receptors in tryptase‐positive cells. Our results, therefore, demonstrate the presence of A2B receptors in human lung mast cells and support the hypothesis that A2B receptors are involved in activation of mast cells in asthma. Drug Dev. Res. 58:461–471, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptation Study of Improved Haricot Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)Varieties at Western Oromia, Haro Sabu, Ethiopia

The experiment was conducted to identify, select and recommend adaptable, high yielding, Insect pest and disease resistant released variety for major Haricot bean producing areas of west and Kellem Wollega zones of West Oromia. Thirteen varieties were evaluated in RCBD with three replication at Haro sabu Agricultural research centre (HARC) on station for one year 2011/12 main cropping season. Analyses of data revealed significant varietal differences (P< 0.05) in grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, seed per pod, pod per plant, hundred seed weight, and for plant height. However, no significant varietal differences were observed in stand count. The replication effect was not significant (P < 0.05) for all characters. ICAP-0056, IBADO and GLP-2 were significantly yielder than the rest and recommended as promising variety under the study area. Key words: - haricot beans , phaseolus vulgaris L. adaptations, varieties
Studies on the effect of essential oils of spices on physico-chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of chicken meat patties during refrigerated storage.

At the storage temperature of 5+10C samples treated with essential oil of garlic with 1:250 concentration, up to day 8 and 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations resulted in lower pH values up to day 6 of storage. Clove with 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations resulted in lower pH values up to day 12 of storage and 1:1000 concentration decreased the pH values up to day 10 of storage, cinnamon with 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations resulted in lower pH values up to day 8 of storage compared to the control. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in 2–thiobarbituric acid values on day 6 of storage compared to the control in the samples treated with essential oils of garlic, clove and cinnamon at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations, whereas in samples with 1:1000 concentration showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction on day 4 of storage. Total plate count of chicken meat patties with essential oil of garlic at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations resulted in decreased counts on day 2 of storage, then there was a gradual increase, and the counts were well within the prescribed standards up to day 10, day 6 and day 4 in patties with garlic at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations respectively, with clove at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 6 and day 4 respectively, afterwards gradual increase was observed and they were well within the prescribed standards up to day 12 of storage for all the three concentrations, cinnamon at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 4 of storage, then gradual increase was observed and they were well within the prescribed standards up to day 14, day 12 and day 8 for 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations respectively. Yeast and mold count of patties with essential oil of garlic, at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 12, 10 and day 4 of storage respectively, with clove the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 14 of storage at 1:250 concentration whereas at 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 10 and day 4 respectively. Essential oil of cinnamon at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentration significantly (P<0.05) reduced the counts up to day 12, day 10 and day 4 of storage respectively. With regard to the colour and flavour scores of samples with the mixture of essential oils of garlic, clove and cinnamon at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations were found to have higher colour and flavour scores compared to the control through out the storage period but the samples with the mixture of essential oils of spices at 1:500 concentration had higher flavour scores when compared to the rest of the treatments. Hence clove at 1:250 concentration is considered to be the best one to increase the shelf life of chicken meat patties.
Genetic differentiation of white sea bream within the Lion's Gulf and the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)

An allozymic study was conducted on 190 individuals of white sea bream, Diplodus sargus sampled on five locations throughout the Lion's Gulf and the Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), in order to identify genetic structure. Electrophoretic surveys carried out on muscle and liver tissues identified 25 loci of which 12 were polymorphic (P0.95). G-test analysis shows significant differences on allelic frequencies between the five stations at six loci. Examination of the spatial structure was performed using Nei's distances and F statistics, and indicated significant genetic differences between three groups. A group which clustered Blanes (Spain), Marseille (France) and Livorno (Italy) where the absence of genetic difference can be explained by migration of larvae and adults along a coastal ‘continuum’. The Elba sample (Italy) shows genetic divergence from other samples and this difference may result from isolation due to limited migration of larvae and adults. Banyuls (France), differs from all other stations. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain genetic patterns including local current systems, larval dispersal, geographic isolation and historical effects, and variation in the size classes of sampled individuals between sites.
Scopoletin induces apoptosis of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes from adjuvant arthritis rats by a mitochondrial‐dependent pathway

Scopoletin is a naturally occurring coumarin compound found in many medicinal plants, such as Erycibe obtusifolia Benth and Aster tataricus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that this compound could ameliorate adjuvant‐induced arthritis in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since the proliferation of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) plays a pivotal role in the formation and growth of pannus, which leads to subsequent joint destruction in RA, we examined the effects of scopoletin on FLS apoptosis. Primary FLS from adjuvant arthritis rats were purified and cultured, and then treated with increasing concentrations of scopoletin (250, 500, 1,000 µM) for 24 h. Scopoletin decreased the viability of FLS in a dose‐dependent manner and remarkably induced their apoptosis, as revealed by Hochest 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Further experiments showed that scopoletin activated caspase‐3, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated expression of bcl‐2 family members, and reduced the activation of NF‐κB proteins. These results indicated that scopoletin induced apoptosis of FLS through a mitochondrial‐dependent pathway, which may be mediated by inhibition of NF‐κB activation and promotion of caspase‐3 activation. Drug Dev Res, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro biomass production of Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem & Schult)

Sideroxylon obtusifolium belongs to the family Sapotaceae which occurs in the Southwest and Northeast of Brazil. It is used in folk medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties. The intense use of its barks and the lack of cultivation of the plant made rare its occurrence in the natural habitat. This study was performed in order to get information about the biomass production of this native species using the techniques of plant tissues culture. The Murashige & Skoog (1962) and Gamborg et al. (1968) culture media containing auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and kinetin kin were used for callus induction. Fragments of leaves were used as explants and sterilized with sodium hypochlorite for 40 minutes. The best outcome for callus induction was obtained with concentrations of auxin/kinetin of 0.1 mg/L / 1 mg/L in the Murashige & Skoog culture medium.
Monitoring Initial Glucose Concentration for Optimum pH Control during Fermentation of Microbial Cellulose in Rotary Discs Reactor

The study aimed to investigate the effect of initial glucose concentration on the microbial cellulose production using Acetobacter xylinum in a Rotary Discs Reactor (RDR-2 liter volume). The fermentations were carried out for four days at temperature 28°C, initial pH 6.5, and 9 rpm of rotation speed; meanwhile, the initial glucose concentration was manipulated in the range of 0.5-5.0 % (w/v). The cell growth was stimulated using 1.4% (v/v) ethanol in the fermentation medium. The result indicated that 1% (w/v) of initial glucose concentration provided the highest microbial cellulose yield with total wet weight of 296.1657g/l. The increase of initial glucose concentration resulted to the decrease of microbial cellulose yield and greater pH drop after fermentation. It can be conclude that production of microbial cellulose using RDR could produce relatively much higher microbial cellulose with less amounts of glucose in a shorter fermentation period compared to static fermentation due to more efficient oxygen uptake during rotary movements and homogenous environment for microbial growth.
Interacting influences of climate factors and land cover types on the distribution of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in streams of a central European low mountain range

Effects of various climatic factors, altitude and land cover types on the distribution of eight caddisfly species were modelled from occurrence data by the use of the maximum entropy method. The predicted habitat use and the most contributing environmental factors differed considerably among species. Those differences of responses may be a basis for changes of assemblage structures with climate changes. Precipitation in late spring to early summer, minimum temperatures in the second half of the year, and temperature seasonality, or other bioclimatic factors that give information about the temporal stability of temperatures (‘diurnal range’, ‘isothermality’), were key climate factors influencing the distribution of most of the studied species. Therefore, climate change may affect Trichoptera assemblages not only by the height of mean temperatures but also by temperature variability. Land cover types contributed to the development of distribution models for several caddisfly species. Forests promoted most of the species, whereas cultivated and managed areas were less preferred. Few species concentrated on individual land cover types, e.g. Wormalida occipitalis on coniferous forest. Therefore, different adaptations of caddisfly species to land cover types, in addition to climatic factors, seam to occur, and are discussed to facilitate niche partitioning. Environmental variables that were observed to affect the distribution of caddisflies, i.e. temperature, precipitation, and vegetation, may interact with each other. Climate changes may influence caddisflies not only via temperature changes, but by related changes of precipitation regimes, and by a long‐term change of vegetation types, e.g. tree species predominant in forests.
HAEMOGLOBİN TYPES IN HAIRGOAT BREEDS RAISED IN BURSA REGİON / BURSA YÖRESİ KİL KEÇİLERİNDE HEMOGLOBİN TİPLERİ

ABSTRACT: In this study the haemoglobin(Hb) lypes was investigated in 149 hairgoats breed raised in Bursa region. The seperation of haemoglobin types was carried out using the horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. The frequencies or Hb* and HbB alleles were cakulated as 0.83 +0.022 and 0.17±0.022, respectivejy. Differences betvveen expected and observed values of haemoglobin genotypes were insignificant. Keyvvords: Blood protelns, haemoglobin types. hair goat BURSA YORESI KIL KECILERINDE HEMOGLOBIN TIPLERI OZET: Bu calismada Bursa yoresinde yetistirilen [49 bas kil kecisinde Hemoglobin tipleri incelenmistir. Hemoglobin tiplerinin ayriminda horizontal nisasla-jel elektroforez sistemi kullanilmistir. Hemoglobin allellerlnin frekanslari 0.83±0.022 ve 0.17±0.022 olarak hesaplanmistir. Hemoglobin genotiplerinin gozlenen ve beklenen degerleri arasindaki fark istatistik olarak onemsiz bulunmustur. Anahtar kelimeler: Kan proteinleri, hemoglobin tipleri, kil kecisi
The Genus Bacteroides

The genus Bacteroides has been described over 100 years and comprises a group of small nonmotile, nonsporing, Gram-negative rods; they are obligate anaerobes and form a major part of the bacterial flora of the human intestinal tract. Poor circumscription of this group has led to the genus accumulating a large and diverse collection of species that only superficially resembles this description but could not be accommodated elsewhere. Based largely on chemotaxonomic and genetic criteria the genus was reclassified (Shah and Collins, 1989) to encompass the type species Bacteroides fragilis and members of the ‘B. fragilis group’. This more restricted definition, spurred on mainly by 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid), has encouraged more in-depth analysis of the colonic flora and a large number of new species have been described. Full genomes of four species have been completed. Such studies are providing a better basis for elucidating the biological role of specific species within the intestinal tract and their involvement in a variety of physiological and cellular processes. Keywords: bacteroides; systematics; identification; salient features; biology and pathogenicity
A dynamic model of tree terminal growth

A sequence "bud–shoot–bud …" was considered to model dynamics of height growth of a pine-like tree stem. Combination of "bud–shoot" and "shoot–bud" functions allows one to calculate a series of successive terminal shoot lengths, the sum of which corresponds to tree height at a given moment. A linear approximation of the model provides a flexible algorithm to simulate a wide range of S-shaped curves. To illustrate the model developed, an experimental study on Pinussylvestris L. bud growth was carried out. Buds were subjected to "free" growth (by removing neighboring buds) and to hunger growth (by defoliation of internodes). It was shown that length of P. sylvestris shoots was linearly and strongly related to length of the parent buds under both growth conditions.
Susceptibility to Berry Splitting in Several Grape Cultivars

The factors presumed to control the susceptibility to berry splitting caused by rainfall were examined in 6 grape cultivars which were experientially known to differ in their susceptibilty.Judging from the soluble solids contents in juice, the amounts of rainfall during ripening and the proportion of split berries occurring under field conditions, the most susceptible cultivars seemed to be ‘Portland’ and gibberellin (GA)-treated ‘Delaware’, followed by ‘Campbell Early’ and ‘Muscat Bailey A’, while the least susceptible were ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Muscat of Alexandria’, just as predicted from previous observations.Neither the firmness of berries, as measured by a curdmeter, nor their critical turgor pressure exhibited any clear relationship with the susceptibility.The histological observations of berry skin revealed that the thickness of cell wall and the size of cells in the sub-epidermal region were highly related to the susceptibility. Other parameters, including the thicknesses of the cuticlar layer and the epidermal cell wall, and the size of epidermal cells did not show such an obvious relationship.
A Simple method for determining barley reaction to spot blotch disease

A simple method was used to determine the reaction of 14 barley genotypes to Cochliobolus sativus , the causal agent of barley spot blotch disease. In this assay, fivetransparent centered circles ranged from resistant to very susceptible, was used to screenbarley genotypes for resistance to the major virulent pathotype Pt4 in barley populationsin Syria. The center of circles placed on the started point of lesion and its extendedthrough the circle could give numerical values for each genotype. The method allows low,intermediate and absolute levels of resistance to spot blotch to be determined. Thetransparent circles method was repeatable and the disease scores obtained were correlated(r = 0.97, P < 0.001) with those obtained by the seedling assay. The established method isboth simple and precisely, it could make a significant contribution in many types ofstudies in plant pathology breeding programs.
Soybean Aphid Resistance in PI 243540 Is Controlled by a Single Dominant Gene

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is a pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] in many soybean growing countries of the world. Host plant resistance is a very useful component of an integrated pest management program to control an insect problem. A maturity group (MG) IV plant introduction (PI) 243540 showed strong antibiosis resistance against the Ohio biotype of the soybean aphid. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of soybean aphid resistance gene(s) in PI 243540. The F 1 , F 2 , and F 2 -derived F 3 families from a cross between an aphid susceptible cultivar Wyandot and resistant PI 243540 were screened in a greenhouse with the Ohio biotype of the soybean aphid. All F 1 plants were resistant to the soybean aphid and x 2 analysis of segregation of 341 F 2 plants indicated a fit to a single dominant gene ratio of 3:1 (P = 0.51). Segregation in 330 F 2 , 3 families fit an expected 1:2:1 ratio (P = 0.40). Our results indicate that a single dominant gene controls the soybean aphid resistance in PI 243540. The simple inheritance of this gene should be helpful to quickly transfer the gene to susceptible elite cultivars using the backcross breeding approach.