Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reference GLC Data for the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds as Trimethylsilyl Derivatives

Comprehensive reference GLC data are given for trimethylsilyl derivatives of about 130 aromatic compounds grouped as phenols and naphthols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, and chloro compounds. The aldehydes and ketones were analysed as both oxime and O-methyl oxime derivatives. Retention data on methyl and phenyl silicone columns are given as MU values in temperature-programmed analysis. Correlations between structure and retention are interpreted in terms of MU increments of structural elements. Methods for predicting MU values are proposed. Diagrams based on differences in MU between the two silicone phases aid in qualitative analysis. Approximate FID relative molar response values were estimated from the atomic composition of the derivatives.
Review Paper on: Image Processing Using Smooth Ordering of its Patches

Now days, image processing field with its patches becomes highly popular. This reviewed system is based on image processing scheme with reordering of its patches . In this extract all patches with overlaps of an corrupted image, then reefers this patches as co-ordinates in high dimensional space and then order this patches so that they can form sequence in "shortest possible path", for solving travelling salesman problem. The obtained sequence then applied to the corrupted image to carry out permutation of the image pixels to obtain what should be a regular signal. By using relatively simple one-dimensional smoothing operations such as filtering or interpolation to the reordered set of pixels, by this we can obtain good recovery of clean image from corrupted one. Explore the use of this approach to image denoising and inpaintaing, and show promising result in both cases.
Spatio-temporal analysis of feedback-related brain activity in brain-computer interfaces

Electroencephalography-based Brain-computer interfaces are systems that infer 1 brain signals recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) to provide means of 2 communication for patients suffering from the locked-in syndrome where normal 3 neuromuscular pathways are not available. One challenge in EEG-based BCIs is 4 the non-stationarity of the EEG signal. A major contributor to this is the feedback5 related brain activity. Since EEG is a time series recorded at multiple sites on the 6 scalp, one can estimate covariance matrices for both time and space. On the other 7 hand, covariance matrices are symmetric positive definite matrices and lie on a 8 Riemannian manifold. In this work, we investigate spatio-temporal aspects of the 9 feedback-related brain activity by considering both space and time covariances 10 in Euclidean space and on the Riemannian manifold. We propose two novel 11 methods to incorporate both spatial and temporal features and show improved 12 results compared to existing methods. 13
Interconnected interface enhanced electrical properties of graphite in bio-based epoxy from insulating to conductor composites

The fabrication and characterization of composite films of graphite/bioepoxy is disclosed. Thin films of ~0.1 mm thick are prepared using a simple solution mixing with mass proportion of 1/0.5 (biomonomer/Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate, MDI), upon differ treated graphite weight loading (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.%) and drop casting at room temperature. The morphologic study by FE-SEM shows a homogeneously dispersed and strong interface between the graphite and the bioepoxy material. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer are performed to evaluate the changes in adsorption spectra arising with the increasing of graphite weight loading (wt.%) into the bio-based matrix. An eye opening I-V characteristic of the thin films where the percolation threshold occurs at higher graphite loading (20 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 30 wt.%) gives conductivity of 103-104 S/m. Whilst lower graphite loading (5 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 15 wt.%) somehow need further discussion. The influence of graphite in bioepoxy materials is paramount as it across insulatingsemiconductor-conductor applications.
Education Inequality between Rural and Urban Areas of the People's Republic of China, Migrants’ Children Education, and Some Implications

Education inequality between the rural and urban areas of the People's Republic of China (PRC)—a potential bottleneck for human capital accumulation—has long been of interest to researchers and policymakers. This paper uses data from the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) and the Rural–Urban Migration in China (RUMiC) survey to compare the education performance of rural children, children of rural-to-urban migrants, and urban children over the period 2009–2010. Results show that education performance of rural children and migrants’ children is significantly lower than that of their urban counterparts even after accounting for differences in personal attributes such as nutrition and parenting style. This provides useful insights for policymaking to reduce rural–urban education inequality and assist human capital accumulation in the PRC.
Investment-Specific Technology Shocks in a Small Open Economy

In this paper we examine the behavioral responses of key macroeconomic variables in Canada to exogenous innovations to investment specific technology. This is done by developing a stylized international real business cycle model which is simulated to explore its ability to shed new light on the dynamic behavior of the standard small open economy. The results indicate that this model can quantitatively replicate the key dynamic features of the post-war Canadian economy, and thus shocks to investment-specific technology can be considered an important propagation mechanism for studying and understanding modern macroeconomic dynamics in small open economies. Moreover, when the model was augmented with an endogenous utilization rate it was able to generate the counter-cyclical behavior of the external accounts - without appealing to an adjustment cost parameter and/or a propagation mechanism whose volatility and persistence are artificially low.
Expression and subcellular localization of a novel gene Bm-X of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

According to the large-scale sequencing of cDNA library from silkworm pupae, the cDNA of a novel gene with blank research background was identified and temporarily named Bm-X. The length of this cDNA is 778 bp. We obtained its ORF for further study by bioinformatics analysis. It is 444 bp and encodes 147 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 16.4 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.69. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+)-Bm-X and expressed it in Escherichia coli. We used the fusion protein rBm-X which purified by Niaffinity chromatography to produce polyclonal antibodies against Bm-X for Western blot analysis. The analysis revealed that Bm-X was expressed in the larval midgut, the epidermis and the silk gland. In addition, the subcellular localization analysis of silkworm ovary epithelial cells (BmN cells) showed that Bm-X protein was located both in cytoplasm and nucleus, and the signal was stronger in cytoplasm than in nucleus. Our findings indicate that Bm-X gene is a novel species-specificity gene and its expression product can be detected in tissues of the fifth silkworm instar larvae and BmN cells.
Ligninolytic Enzyme Production by White Rot Fungi Podoscypha elegans Strain FTG4

The white rot fungi are considered for their unique ability to degrade a heterogenous polyphenolic polymer lignin (Baldrian, 2003; Pointing, 2001). Besides of these, white rot fungi are also able to degrade several other organicpolluttants which are structurally similar to lignin (Tuomela and Hatakka, 2011). White rot fungi produced non-specific extracellular ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) (Kitamura et al., 2005). These ligninolytic enzymes play an important role in the transformation and mineralization of various organic pollutants (Lee et al., 2004; Casas et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009), delignify different substrates like paper, animal feed (Lu et al., 2010; Salvachua et al., 2011) for the production of biofuels (Placido and Capareda, 2015).
Effects of Inclusion Level and Length of Fermentation on the Utilization of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L) Seed Cake by Broiler Chickens

One of the major obstacles to the development of livestock industries in most countries of the world is high cost of feed which often account for 6080 percent of the total cost of production (Lawrence et al., 2008). This is usually due to high cost of protein and energy feedstuff such as cereals and legume seed cakes which usually constitute the bulk of compound feeds. A pragmatic approach that is been explored by animal scientists to solve this problem is the use of cheap and readily available but less utilized waste products of agro-industries to replace the conventional feedstuff in order to reduce feed formulation cost.
Sociality is Not Lost with Monetary Transactions within Social Groups

This paper investigates how the group membership fee influences the cooperation rate within the groups formed through the socialization. Our previous findings suggest that socialization, or social interactions in groups, create sociality and, therefore, establish a society with sustained cooperation and fairness. In line with Social Identity Theory, we assert some esteem or value to be gained through group differentiation. What will happen with this additional value once we try to quantify it? For this purpose, we observed two cases: socialized participants should pay the fee to stay in-group; participants should pay the fee to join the group, socialize and stay there. We find that monetary transactions are not determinative on their own; rather the consequences of these transactions can hurt collective action through a forced division of participants into those who paid enough (in-group) and those who did not (out-group). More over, despite the fact that being in-group and out-group is an economically equal situation, participants are willing to pay the fee to stay in their socialized group or pay the fee to join the group before socialization.
Double Neural Counterfactual Regret Minimization

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CRF) is a fundamental and effective technique for solving Imperfect Information Games (IIG). However, the original CRF algorithm only works for discrete state and action spaces, and the resulting strategy is maintained as a tabular representation. Such tabular representation limits the method from being directly applied to large games and continuing to improve from a poor strategy profile. In this paper, we propose a double neural representation for the imperfect information games, where one neural network represents the cumulative regret, and the other represents the average strategy. Furthermore, we adopt the counterfactual regret minimization algorithm to optimize this double neural representation. To make neural learning efficient, we also developed several novel techniques including a robust sampling method, mini-batch Monte Carlo Counterfactual Regret Minimization (MCCFR) and Monte Carlo Counterfactual Regret Minimization Plus (MCCFR+) which may be of independent interests. Experimentally, we demonstrate that the proposed double neural algorithm converges significantly better than the reinforcement learning counterpart.
A semiparametric extension of the stochastic block model for longitudinal networks

To model recurrent interaction events in continuous time, an extension of the stochastic block model is proposed where every individual belongs to a latent group and interactions between two individuals follow a conditional inhomogeneous Poisson process with intensity driven by the individuals' latent groups. The model is shown to be identifiable and its estimation is based on a semiparametric variational expectation-maximization algorithm. Two versions of the method are developed, using either a nonparametric histogram approach (with an adaptive choice of the partition size) or kernel intensity estimators. The number of latent groups can be selected by an integrated classification likelihood criterion. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our procedure on synthetic experiments, analyse two datasets to illustrate the utility of our approach and comment on competing methods.
Study of Image Enhancement Techniques in Image Processing: A Review

Image denoising plays extremely important role in digital image processing. The primary objective of this paper is to explore highlighted challenges of the image filtering techniques. The comprehensive study has evidently shown that the one of most challenging issue in image filtering is edge preserving while removing the noise. Because edges deliver the most important information to the human visual system. This paper has compared different recent image filtering methods based upon certain factors. The comparisons have shown that the noise reduction using wavelet coefficients based on OMP has quite effective improvements over available methods. Challenging issue in image filtering technique is removing the multiplicative noise and high density of noises is still found.
Failure to exploit learned spatial value information during visual search

ABSTRACT In recent years there has been rapid proliferation of studies demonstrating how reward learning guides visual search. However, most of these studies have focused on feature-based reward, and there has been scant evidence supporting the learning of space-based reward. We raise the possibility that the visual search apparatus is impenetrable to spatial value contingencies, even when such contingencies are learned and represented online in a separate knowledge domain. In three experiments, we interleaved a visual choice task with a visual search task in which one display quadrant produced greater monetary rewards than the remaining quadrants. We found that participants consistently exploited this spatial value contingency during the choice task but not during the search task – even when these tasks were interleaved within the same trials and when rewards were contingent on response speed. These results suggest that the expression of spatial value information is task specific and that the visual search apparatus could be impenetrable to spatial reward information. Such findings are consistent with an evolutionary framework in which the search apparatus has little to gain from spatial value information in most real world situations.
Mammalian biogeography and the Ebola virus in Africa

Ebola virus is responsible for the fatal Ebola-virus disease (EVD). Links between EVD outbreaks in Africa and 3 chiropteran species, presumed to be reservoirs for the Ebola virus, have been suggested, but discussions are still on-going. There is also evidence of significant virus spillover among mammal species not suspected to be natural hosts (e.g. chimpanzees, gorillas and duikers). We mapped the potential distribution of the Ebola virus in Africa based on both environmental and zoogeographic descriptors. We employed distribution modelling using the Favourability Function, alongside a complement of biogeographic approaches including chorotype analysis. We obtained a significantly well-calibrated model defining the distribution of environmentally favourable areas for the presence of Ebola virus, which was outperformed by a model determining favourable areas according to mammalian biogeography. Finally, we built a model in which the combined landscape and mammalian distribution types better explained the distribution of Ebola virus independent of human-to-human transmissions. Our findings show that the core area for the virus is associated with infections of known animal origin, but surrounded by areas where human infections of unknown source were found. This difference in the association between human and animals and the virus may offer further insights to better understand how EVD can spread, as well as providing the basis for an early warning system based on where human contact with multiple animal species may occur. We propose a biogeographically-justified list of at least 64 mammal species whose link with Ebola virus is worth investigating.
Performance Comparison of Convolutional AutoEncoders, Generative Adversarial Networks and Super-Resolution for Image Compression

Image compression has been investigated for many decades. Recently, deep learning approaches have achieved a great success in many computer vision tasks, and are gradually used in image compression. In this paper, we develop three overall compression architectures based on convolutional autoencoders (CAEs), generative adversarial networks (GANs) as well as super-resolution (SR), and present a comprehensive performance comparison. According to experimental results, CAEs achieve better coding efficiency than JPEG by extracting compact features. GANs show potential advantages on large compression ratio and high subjective quality reconstruction. Super-resolution achieves the best rate-distortion (RD) performance among them, which is comparable to BPG.
Modelling of terrestrial ice sheets in palaeo‐climate research

The shallow ice equations are derived in spherical coordinates starting with the field equations and the constitutive law for terrestrial ice as a viscous heat conducting incompressible fluid. All these equations are expressed in spherical coordinates. Numerical representations of the shallow ice equations are implemented in a number of ice‐sheet models. As applications of such a model in palaeo‐climate research, simulations of the Last Glacial Inception and Heinrich events are shown. The polythermal ice‐sheet model SICOPOLIS in its version coupled with the climate system model CLIMBER‐2 is utilised for these simulations. The importance of the coupling of the ice sheets with the rest of the climate system is demonstrated. Further, the dependence of Heinrich events on the initial conditions is shown. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Feeding Versus Feedback in NGC1068 probed with Gemini NIFS. I. Excitation

We present emission-line flux distributions and ratios for the inner 200pc of the narrow-line region of the Seyfert2 galaxy NGC1068, using observations obtained with the Gemini Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) in the J, H and K bands at a spatial resolution of 10pc and spectral resolution of 5300. The molecular gas emission - traced by the K-band H_2 emission lines - outlines an off-centered circumnuclear ring with a radius of 100pc showing thermal excitation. The ionized gas emission lines show flux distributions mostly outlining the previously known [OIII]5007 ionization bicone. But while the flux distributions in the HI and HeII emission lines are very similar to that observed in [OIII], the flux distribution in the [FeII] emission lines is more extended and broader than a cone close to the nucleus, showing a"double bowl"or `hourglass"structure". This difference is attributed to the fact that the [FeII] emission, besides coming from the fully ionized region, comes also from the more extended partially ionized regions, in gas excited mainly by X-rays from the active galactic nucleus. A contribution to the [FeII] emission from shocks along the bicone axis to NE and SW of the nucleus is also supported by the enhancement of the [FeII](1.2570)/[PII](1.1885) and [FeII](1.2570)/Pabeta emission-line ratios at these locations and is attributed to the interaction of the radio jet with the NLR. The mass of ionized gas in the inner 200pc of NGC1068 is MHII~2.2E4 M_Sun, while the mass of the H2 emitting gas is only M_{H2}~29M_Sun. Taking into account the dominant contribution of the cold molecular gas, we obtain an estimate of the total molecular gas mass of Mcold~2E7 M_Sun.
A fundamental framework for realizing semantic interoperability in a multidatabase environment

In multidatabase research, the realization of semantic interoperability is the most important issue for resolving semantic heterogeneity between different databases. In this paper, we propose a fundamental framework for realizing semantic interoperability at the level of semantic relationships between data items in a multi database environment. We present a metadatabase system which extracts the significant information from different databases. The metadatabase system uses a mathematical model of meaning to dynamically recognize the semantic equivalence, similarity, and difference between data items. The essential feature of this model is that the specific meaning of a data item is dynamically fixed and unambiguously recognized according to the context by semantic interpretation mechanisms. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Inducible Tyrosine Kinase Receptor for Axonal Regeneration

The prevention or reduction of neuronal degeneration remains a challenge in neurotrophins therapy. An inducible trkA (ItrkA) system has been shown to regulate embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro. A new ItrkA plasmid ItrkA-membrane (ItrkAmemb) with one adenine at 3’ terminal was established by correcting the sequence of the original plasmid ItrkA-cytosol (ItrkAcyto). Adult DRGs were dissected from adult Fischer 344 rats (8-14 weeks) for the treatment with AP20187 (membrane-permeable small-molecule ligand), vehicle or NGF (Nerve Growth Factor). Neurite outgrowth assessments were done by manually tracing the longest neurite of each neuron. Cell diameters were also measured and averaged for each well. Protein expression after ItrkAmemb transfection and trkA downstream signaling were investigated by Western-blotting. Neurite length of ItrkAmemb transfected DRGs was not influenced by AP20187 or NGF but cells displayed shorter neurites compared to GFP control groups. While ItrkAcyto transfected DRGs cultured with AP20187 had the longest neurite growth compared to ItrkAmemb transfected neurons and ItrkAcyto transfected cells treated with vehicle or NGF, no significant difference to GFP controls was detected. Quantification of the mean diameter of transfected DRGs demonstrated that ItrkAmemb electroporation significantly increased cell diameter, while the diameter of ItrkAcyto transfected neurons and GFP controls were almost the same as naïve neurons. In contrast to electroporated adult DRG neurons, ItrkAmemb virus transfection did not affect the diameter of infected adult DRG Neurons. No obvious difference was observed between the ItrkAmemb and GFP electroporated cells, and only cells transduced with ItrkAmemb treated with AP20187 seemed to show higher phosphorylation both of Akt and Erk1/2. The effect of adult DRG neurons after ItrkA transfection differs, which depends on the change of cell soma size and/or neurite growth, gene delivery technique, expression level and the localization of ItrkA.