Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description of Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. and observations on X. yapoense Luc, 1958 and X. algeriense Luc & Kostadinov, 1982 (Nematoda: Longidoridae).

Les auteurs decrivent Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. provenant de plantations d'Eucalyptus du Congo (Brazzaville) et secondairement eleve sur Vigna radiata. La nouvelle espece est proche de X. imitator Heyns, 1965 et de X. yapoense Luc, 1958, espece dont une troisieme population rencontree egalement en foret primaire de Cote d'Ivoire, est etudiee, en particulier les quatre stades juveniles. Une petite population de X. algeriense Luc & Kostadinov, 1982, provenant du Senegal, ne contenait qu'une seule femelle, mais la presence des quatre stades juveniles a permis de completer la description originale.
Teaching Soil Bacterial Diversity from a Phylogenetic Perspective: A Term Project Utilizing the Ribosomal Database Project

Recent advances in the phylogenetic analysis of microorganisms are forcing microbial ecologists to reevaluate ecological and evolutionary relationships among organisms, but these emerging concepts are rarely transferred to students in soil microbiology courses. A term project was designed to familiarize students in an advanced soil microbiology course with the basic concepts of phylogenetic analysis, and to facilitate teaching of soil microbiology from a phylogenetic perspective. Students were requested to select a functional group of soil microorganisms, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria or denitrifying bacteria, and create a tree utilizing the Ribosomal Data Project to show phylogenetic relationships between the various species participating in the function. These trees formed the basis of a final paper and class presentation outlining phylogenetic relationships, the relationship between taxonomy and ecology, and general ecological and biochemical characteristics of members of the groups. Final projects were, for the most part, very high quality. Students’ comments were favorable and indicated that the project provided them with an opportunity to utilize Internet resources and obtain a different perspective on the structure of microbial communities.
Effects of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive doses of Prednisolone on Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and free Thyroxine Concentrations and Thyroid Morphology in the Dog.

Effets de la prednisolone a doses anti-inflammatoires et immunosuppressives sur les concentrations seriques de Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, et Thyroxine libre et sur la morphologie de la thyroide chez le chien. Par A. KURTDEDE, R.N. ASTI, T. SEL, N. KURTDEDE, H. KARAGUL, O. ATALAY et M. GUZEL. L' objectif de cette etude est de determiner les effets de la prednisolone administree par voie orale a doses frationnees et/ou alternees classiquement utilisees dans les traitements anti-inflammatoires et immunosuppressifs sur les concentrations de T4, T3 et de T4 libre ainsi que sur la morphologie de la thyroide chez le chien. Dans le groupe I (n = 8), les doses orales de prednisolone ont progressivement ete diminuees pendant 21 jours allant de 1.1 mg / kg /jour a 1.1 mg / kg / a jour alterne, et dans le groupe II (n = 7), les doses employees ont ete de 2.2 mg / kg / jour a 0.25 mg / kg / jour pendant 50 jours. Les serums des chiens de races variees ont ete recueillis avant traitement, a chaque reduction de doses et 15 jours apres l'arret du traitement. Sept chiens (groupe III) ont servi de controles. Les biopsies de la thyroide ont ete realisees chirurgicalement a J22 et J37 pour le groupe I, a J51 et J66 pour le groupe II et a J22 et J51 pour le groupe III. Avec de fortes doses de prednisolone, les concentrations de T3 et de T4 libre ont diminue precocement (p < 0.05) dans le groupe I (J8) et dans le groupe II (J11), et l'alteration de la fonction thyroidienne caracterisee par des concentrations faibles en T3, T4 et T4 libre a persiste jusqu'a J21 dans le groupe II. Des que les doses ont ete nettement reduites, les concentrations hormonales ont significativement remonte jusqu'a atteindre, voire depasser les concentrations initiales 15 jours apres l'arret des traitements. Les examens en microscopie optique et electronique ont revele la presence, dans les 2 groupes traites et plus particulierement dans le groupe II, de follicules inactifs parmi les structures fonctionnelles. Malgre le grand nombre de vesicules de colloide observees dans les cellules epitheliales folliculaires, peu ou pas de lyzosomes ont ete mis en evidence. La thyroide a retrouve un aspect normal dans les 15 jours suivant l'arret des traitements. En conclusion, les doses progressivement decroissantes et/ou distribuees a jour alterne de prednisolone lors de traitements anti-inflammatoires et immunosuppressifs causent non seulement des modifications transitores des concentrations hormonales (T3, T4 et T4 libre) mais aussi de la morphologie de la thyroide de facon plus prolongee et permettent la mise en place de mecanismes adaptatifs et efficaces.
Genetic association and path coefficient analysis for biomass production in sunflower at different salinity levels.

Four levels of salinity (0dSm -1 , 3dSm -1 , 6dSm -1 and 9dSm -1 ) were used to eval uate twenty different sunflower (HelianthusannuusL.) accessions. NaCl was used to generate these salinity levels whereas control contained tap water. Triplicated completely randomized design was followed. Data of 60 days old ten seedlings from each entry was recorded and analyzed.Correlation between different morphological and physiological parameterswas estimatedand path analysiswas worked out.DSW showed positive and significant association at all the salinity levels, FRW at 0dSm -1 , 3dSm -1 and 9dSm -1 ,DRW at 6dSm -1 and 9dSm -1 with biomass production. Negative and significant correlation was observed byK + /Na + at 0dSm -1 and none of the trait showed negative and significant affiliation with biomass at 3dSm -1 , 6dSm -1 and 9dSm -1 . SL and DSW put forth positive and direct effects on biomass production at all the salinity levels. FRW, Na + and K + /Na + exerted negative and direct effects on biomass at 0dSm -1 and 3dSm -1 whereas K + and Mort at 6dSm -1 and 9dSm -1 .
Effect of Zinc Sulfate against the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus with Reference to Their Histological Changes on the Larval Midgut and Adult Reproductive System

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is the most important insect pest for the date palm trees in the Middle East and Gulf states. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·H2O) was toxicologically, biologically and physiologically evaluated as insect development disruptors against the RPW. LC50 of Zinc sulfate against 10 days old larvae was 0.566%, 3% concentration inhibited the larvae from feeding. LC50 concentration of zinc sulfate solution was capable to disrupting growth, development and reproduction of R. ferrugineus. Growth and development disruptions are resulted from larval feeding on the treated diet that causing percentage of mortality rate, retardation in larval and pupal duration, percentage of pupation, adults emergence, reduction in deposited eggs that laid by the resulting adults and in the egg fertility. The study further reveals that Zinc sulfate effects on histological structure of epithelial cells of the larval midgut including separation and elongation of their cells, rupture in the peritrophic membrane and in some microvilli and some degeneration of the surrounding muscles. Histological changes also was observed on the adults ovary, in this way, disrupt female gamete production through their action on the accumulation of yolk granules (vitellogenesis) and follicular epithelial cells. Disruption of male gamete production was detected by disorganized of testicular cysts and depopulation of these cysts in addition to degeneration in germ cells. Zinc sulfate may be used among other control methods by injection into the tree trunk or as fertilizer around the tree roots which in turn may have an indirect effect for controlling the RPW.
Mammalian Alkaline Phosphatases: From Biology to Applications in Medicine and Biotechnology

PART I: GENE AND PROTEIN STRUCTURE 1 Gene Structure 2 Developmental Expression 3 Gene Regulation 4 Protein Structure and Functional Domains 5 Enzymatic Properties 6 Epitope Maps PART II: IN VIVO FUNCTIONS 7 The In Vivo Role of TNAP 8 Knockout Mouse Models PART III: AP EXPRESSION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 9 APs as Physiological and Disease Markers 10 Neoplastic Expression of PLAP, GCAP, IAP (Regan, Nagao, Kasahara) and TNAP Isozymes PART IV: USES OF APS IN INDUSTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 11 Applications of Recombinant APs 12 Use of APs in Prodrug Converting Strategies 13 APs as Therapeutic Agents 14 APs in the Food Industry 15 Veterinary Uses of AP Determinations 16 Methodologies
Loss of genetic variation in Greek hatchery populations of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis

Genetic variation in four reared stocks of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. , originating from Greek commercial farms, was assessed using five polymorphic microsatellite markers and was compared with that of three natural populations from Greece and France. The total number of alleles per marker ranged from 8 to 22 alleles, and hatchery samples showed the same levels of observed heterozygosity with samples from the wild but substantially smaller allelic richness and expected heterozygosity. The genetic differentiation of cultivated samples between them as well as from the wild origin fish was significant as indicated by F st analysis. All population pairwise comparisons were statistically significant, except for the pair of the two natural Greek populations. Results of microsatellite DNA analysis herein showed a 37 % reduction of the mean allele number in the hatchery samples compared to the wild ones, suggesting random genetic drift and inbreeding events operating in the hatcheries. Knowledge of the genetic variation in D. labrax cultured populations compared with that in the wild ones is essential for setting up appropriate guidelines for proper monitoring and management of the stocks either under traditional practices or for the implementation of selective breeding programmes.
Recent Advances in Understanding of Alternative Splicing in Neuronal Pathogenesis

The nervous system is an intricate and highly specialized network of neurons. Neuronal differentiation involves complex reprogramming of gene expression. Alternative splicing of precursor mRNAs increases the complexity of transcriptomes and diversifies protein functions at the post-transcriptional level. Indeed, alternative splicing plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, axon guidance, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Because the delicate structure and function of neurons make them particularly susceptible to dysregulation of splicing, aberrant expression or function of splicing factors may cause neuronal disorders. Therefore, it is important to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and physiological functions of alternative splicing regulation in neurons. Regulation of alternative splicing primarily involves the binding of regulatory factors to specific cis-elements of precursor mRNAs, and interplay between splicing factors may lead to fine tuning of splicing regulation, thereby diversifying the cadre of mature products. In addition, transcription rate and the availability of the basal splicing machinery may also influence alternative splicing. Recently, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying alternative splicing have been advanced from studies of several neuronal splicing factors; these studies have utilized genetic knockout or disease models as well as genome-wide analysis of mRNA isoforms. In this chapter, we review current understanding of alternative splicing in neurons.
Pharmacological Modeling and Regulation of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs)

ii List of Figures . iv List of Tables . vii Acknowledgements . ix Chapter 1: Background and Significance . 1 Chapter 2: Methods and Materials . 27 Chapter 3: Development and Validation of EAAT2 Binding-Site Pharmacophore Model . 36 Chapter 4: Characterization of EAAT Modulation by Neuroactive Steroids . 89 References . 151
Characterization and Sequence Analysis of a Lily Isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus from Lithium tsingtauense

A new isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), identified as Li-CMV was isolated from a diseased Korean native lily (Lithium tsingtauense Gilg). Biological and serological properties of Li-CMV were characterized, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, restriction enzyme profiling of RT-PCR products, and nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA3 of the virus were performed in this study. Remarkable differences in symptoms between Li-CMV and ordinary CMV strains were found in tobacco plants and Datura stramonium. Li-CMV-infected tobacco plants (cv. Xanthi-nc and cv. Samsun) induced chlorotic ringspots on uninoculated upper leaves, and the symptom expression was delayed or faint whereas, ordinary CMV strains induced green mosaic symptoms on the plant. Systemic infections were observed on Nicotiana benthamiana with severe mosaic symptom. Restriction mapping analysis of RT-PCR products using MspI showed that Li-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. A full-length CDNA copy of RNA3 for the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The RNA3 of Li-CMV was 2, 232 nucleotides long, and consisted of two open reading frames of 843 and 657 bases encoding 3a protein (movement protein) and coat protein, respectively. Results of this study indicate that Li-CMV is a novel strain and belongs to subgroup I of CMV in the genus Cucumovirus.
Effect of Different Tropical Feed Resources on Rumen Ecology and Feed Intake of Beef Cattle ผลของแหล่งอาหารหยาบในเขตร้อนที่แตกต่างกัน ต่อนิเวศวิทยารูเมน และปริมาณการกินไดในโคเนื้อ

การศกษาในครงนมวตถประสงคเพอศกษาผลของการใชแหลงอาหารหยาบทแตกตางกนตอนเวศวทยา และปรมาณการกนไดของโคเนอ โดยใชโคเนอจำนวน 4 ตวททำการเจาะกระเพาะแบบถาวร ตามแผนการ ทดลองแบบ 4x4 ลาตนสสแควร มกลมทดลองตงน กลมทดลองท 1 โคเนอไดรบฟางหมกยเรย 5 เปอรเซนค กลมทดลองท 2 โคเนอไดรบมนเฮย กลมทดลองท 3 โคเนอไดรบมนสำปะหลงสด กลมท 4 โคเนอไดรบ ฟางหมกยเรยรวมกบมนสำปะหลงสด ในอตราสวน 1:1 (นำหนกแหง) ในชวง 14 วนแรกสตวทดลองทกตว ไดรบอาหารขนเสรมในอตรา 0.3 เปอรเซนตนำหนกตว และไดรบอาหารตามกลมทดลองแบบเตมท ทำการลม เกบตวอยางของเหลวรเมน และเลอดในวนสดทายของแตละระยะทดลอง ทำการวเคราะหจลนทรยในรเมนไดแก กลมแบคทเรยทงหมด และแบคทเรยทยอยสลายเยอใย แอมโมเนย-ไนโตรเจน กรดไขมนทระเหยได และ ยเรย-ไนโตรเจนในกระแสเลอด ทำการลมวดคาความเปนกรด-ดาง และอณหภมภายรเมนทนทหลงจาก สมเกบตวอยาง จากการทดลองพบวา การใชฟางหมกยเรยเปนแหลงอาหารหยาบหลกทำใหคาความเปน กรด-คาง อณหภม แอมโมเนย-ไนโตรเจน และกรดไขมนระเหยไดในรเมนอยในระดบทเหมาะสม นอกจากนยงพบวา ประชากรแบคทเรยทงหมด และแบคทเรยทยอยสลายเยอใยมากกวากลมทดลองอน ๆ อยางมนยสำคญ (P < 0.05) และสงผลตอปรมาณการกนไดของอาหารหยาบ และปรมาณการกนไดทงหมด เพมขนอยางมนยสำคญดวย (P < 0.05) สวนโคเนอทไดรบมนสำปะหลงสดเปนแหลงอาหารหยาบนน พบวา ความเชมขนของกรดโพรพออนคเพมขน ในขณะทประชากรแบคทเรยทยอยสลายเยอใยลดลง และ จากการสงเกต พบวาโคเนอทไดรบมนสำปะหลงสดแบบเตมทนนจะอาการทางระบบประสาทผดปกต เชน ปสสาวะตลอดเวลา ตงนนการใหมนสำปะหลงสดเปนอาหารสตวควรจะมการตากแดดกอน และการใขรวมกบ ฟางหมกยเรยจงนาจะเปนอกหนงแนวทางทเปนไปได This experiment was to study on effect of different tropical feed sources on rumen ecology and feed intake. Four, fistulated castrated male crossbred cattle were randomly in a 4 X 4 Latin square design. The treatments were: Tl) urea-treated (5°/o) rice straw (UTS); T2) cassava hay (CH); T3) fresh cassava foliage (FCF); T4) UTS : FCF (1:1 dry matter basis). During the first 14 days, all animals were fed on concentrate 0.3°/o of body weight and were fed on respective diets on ad libitum basis. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected on the last day of each period and then analyzed for microorganisms (total viable and cellulolytic bacteria), NH^-N, VFA and blood urea-nitrogen. Ruminal pH and rumen temperature was measured immediately after the fluid was sampled. The results revealed that the use of UTS as a roughage source could maintain optimal levels of rumen pH, temperature, NH g -N, total and VFAs concentration. Moreover, total viable and cellulolytic bacteria population were enhanced (p < 0.05). In addition, roughage intake and total DM intake were highest in UTS as a roughage source. Animals fed with FCF had a higher tendency in C3 production (p < 0.05) while a lower cellulolytic bacteria was found. It was also observed that feeding FCF as a full-feed resulted in anorexia and ataxia as well as frequent urination, therefore FCF could only be partially fed and/or wilting, moreover, combinational use of FCF and UTS could also be possible.
Waveguide with extended field of view

The input coupler of optical waveguide by it is corresponding with image and have corresponding FOV optically coupling in optical waveguide, and input coupler passes through a part of the diffraction light corresponding with image on the first direction towards the first intermediate module, and a part of diffraction light corresponding with image, is divided into first part and second part come the FOV for the image that will be coupled into optical waveguide in the second direction towards the second intermediate module.The output coupler of waveguide combines light corresponding with the first part of FOV and second part, and the corresponding optical coupling of combined first part and second part with FOV is gone out into optical waveguide, so that light corresponding with the combined first part and second part of image and FOV is exported from optical waveguide.Intermediate module and output coupler also provide pupil extension.
Regulation of Interferon Stimulated Genes in West Nile Virus Infected Mouse Embryofibroblasts

The induction of type I interferon (IFN) and subsequent activation of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) represent a first line of defense against viral infection. Typically type I IFN signaling leads to the phosphorylation of the STAT1 and STAT2 transcription factors (TFs) which then form a trimetric complex with IRF-9 and translocate to the nucleus to induce ISG expression. However, the results of this study showed that IFN-mediated upregulation of the ISG Oas1b, the product of which confers resistance to flavivirus induced disease, can be induced in a STAT1independent manner. Since numerous ISGs have antiviral functions, many viruses have evolved strategies to disrupt the type I IFN-signaling pathway. In cases when STAT1 activation is blocked by a viral infection, STAT1-independent upregulation of ISGs provides an additional strategy for the cell to mount an effective antiviral response. Infection of mouse embryofibroblasts (MEFs) with West Nile virus (WNV) induced the production of IFN beta and STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation but blocked nuclear translocation and binding of these TFs to the promoters of the ISGs, Oas1a, Oas1a, Irf7 and Irf1. However, each of these antiviral ISGs was efficiently upregulated in infected cells and IRF-9 was shown to be crucial for the upregulation of Oas1a, Oas1b and Irf-7. IRF-3 or IRF-7 was needed to maintain the upregulation of these genes at later times of infection. In contrast, the upregulation of Irf1 by WNV infection did not depend on the tested IRFs but was reduced by inhibition of the p38 or NF-kappa B pathways. Although Irf1 mRNA was efficiently upregulated in WNV-infected cells IRF-1 protein synthesis was blocked. The precise mechanism of the IRF-1 translational suppression is not yet known, but the suppression was shown not to be due to increased proteasomal degradation of IRF-1 nor to alternative splicing of Irf1 mRNA. Preliminary results suggest miRNAs may play an indirect role in regulating IRF-1 translation. The results of this study expand knowledge about the strategies evolved by viruses to evade host cell antiviral responses and also provide valuable insights about alternative mechanisms utilized by the host cell to counteract viral infections. INDEX WORDS: West Nile virus, Type I IFN, ISG, 2'-5' Oligoadenylate synthetase, Oas1a, Oas1b, Irf1, Irf7, Translational suppression REGULATION OF INTERFERON STIMULATED GENES IN WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTED MOUSE EMBRYOFIBROBLASTS
Basal lignified star-shaped cavity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): early development in nursery and consequences for BSR control

The existence of a high lignified star-shaped cavity at the base of the bole, or more precisely at the root - bole interface, has been clearly identified for the first time. This cavity appears to be a perfect culture chamber for Ganoderma development. Random observations of the initial stage of Basal Stem Rot infection in young palms showed the development of infectious stroma-like structures inside the cavity prior to colonisation of the bole. The existence of a lignified scar in 8-month-old seedlings was revealed by initial observation. The scar then developed further inside the star-shaped cavity (Breton et al, 2009a; Breton et al, 2009b). Specific observation during early growth stages in the nursery revealed the appearance of a very tiny scar after 5 months on a few seedlings. The number of affected seedlings increased rapidly to reach nearly 100% after 9 months. The scar grew quickly in all directions and the resulting cavity could reach 50% of bole diameter, 13 mm wide and 8 mm deep at this stage. The star-shaped cavities have 2 to 5 branches. After 6 to 7 months in the nursery, once the star-shaped cavity was extended enough, the development of mycelium (not identified) and / or presence of tiny arthropods such as aphids, Chilopodae larva and small ants ware frequently observed. These results demonstrate the role of this star-shaped cavity as a perfect culture chamber for fungus and a possible refuge for pests, predators or disease vectors at very early stages of oil palm development. This star-shaped cavity definitely appears to be an interesting target for preventive action against Basal Stem Rot, i.e. Biocontrol by antagonistic, long-lasting fungicide, etc. (Resume d'auteur)