Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to design a planetary system for different scattering outcomes: giant impact sweet spot, maximising exocomets, scattered disks

This paper considers the dynamics of scattering of planetesimals or planetary embryos by a planet on a circumstellar orbit. We classify six regions in the planet's mass versus semimajor axis parameter space according to the dominant outcome for scattered objects: ejected, accreted, remaining, escaping, Oort Cloud, depleted Oort Cloud. We use these outcomes to consider which planetary system architectures maximise the observability of specific signatures, given that signatures should be detected first around systems with optimal architectures (if such systems exist in nature). Giant impact debris is most readily detectable for 0.1-10Mearth planets at 1-5au, depending on detection method and spectral type. While A stars have putative giant impact debris at 4-6au consistent with this sweet spot, that of FGK stars is typically <<1au contrary to expectations; an absence of 1-3au giant impact debris could indicate a low frequency of terrestrial planets there. Three principles maximise cometary influx from exo-Kuiper belts: a chain of closely separated planets interior to the belt, none of which is a Jupiter-like ejector; planet masses not increasing strongly with distance (for a net inward torque on comets); ongoing replenishment of comets, possibly by embedded low-mass planets. A high Oort Cloud comet influx requires no ejector and architectures that maximise the Oort Cloud population. Cold debris disks are usually considered classical Kuiper belt analogues. Here we consider the possibility of detecting scattered disk analogues, which could be betrayed by a broad radial profile and lack of small grains, as well as spherical 100-1000au mini-Oort Clouds. Some implications for escaping planets around young stars, detached planets akin to Sedna, and the formation of super-Earths, are also discussed.
Stature Estimation of the Igbos Using Cephalo-Facial Anthropometry

Estimation of stature is one of the biological profiles used in the identification of individuals in cases of mass disasters, plane crash, fatal auto crash, bombing, homicides, and in crime investigations. It is an important tool in Medico legal practice. In the present study an attempt has been made to derive regression formulae to determine stature from cephalofacial dimensions. Informed consent was obtained and measurements were taken following standard protocols. The prediction function was derived through linear regression and multiple regressions for each of the measurement with stature, for the general population and for males and females separately. Cephalo-facial dimensions of 211 subjects females n=123 and males n=88 with mean age 23.58 ± 4.95 belonging to the Igbo population of Nigeria were studied. Eleven cephalo-facial measurements including stature were taken. The mean stature of both genders put together was 167.55 ± 9.10 cm while that of females and males were 163.17 ± 7.64 cm and 173.66 ± 7.30 cm respectively. Males were significantly taller than the females (p<0.0001). Accuracy of determination ‘R’ of stature from Cephalo-facial dimensions was highest for IOB and EBB in both genders put together; it was also highest using IOB in the females while MFH and MHB yielded that of the males.
The effect of community participation on subjective well-being in community dwelling elders

Relationships between health and life satisfaction, health and community participation, and community participation and life satisfaction are well documented in the literature. The current project investigates the confluence of these three variables, specifically whether community participation arbitrates the relationship between physical health challenges and life satisfaction. Using a sample of community dwelling elders from five counties in central Illinois, a mediation analysis assessed the interrelationships between each of the three variables; of particular interest was whether community participation arbitrated the relationship between physical health challenges and life satisfaction. A mediational model could not be tested because there is no statistical relationship between physical health challenges and community participation in these data. Instead, there were significant direct effects between each variable and life satisfaction. Post-hoc tests investigated whether community participation differentially affects life satisfaction in the participants who reported greater-than-median number of physical health challenges. Results indicated significant differences in means between worse health groups who have not participated in the community and groups that have, which suggests that community participation plays some role in positively affecting life satisfaction levels in people with physical health challenges. key words: physical health challenges/ life sari~faction/ community partiCipation, mediation COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING 3 The effects of community participation on subjective well-being in community dwelling elders Public perception is that it is expensive to relieve the distress of a patient's physical health challenges. Individuals rely on services sl1ch as medical care, psychiatric care, occupational care, etc. to relieve this distress. However, in times of economic hardship, there is a need for an alternative fonn of care that is inexpensive and convenient Recreational therapy, a form of therapy in which music, dance, art, and sports are I1sed to improve motor skills and socialization, while decreasing the likelihood of depression and anxiety (Buettner & Kolanowski, 2003), may be applicable as one of these alternative fonns of care. Community participation is likely to offer benefits similar to those of recreational therapy; the current study investigates the effects of community participation on the relationship between physical health challenges and
Role of CSF C-Reactive Protein for the Differentiation of Bacterial Meningitis from Aseptic Meningitis in Children

Background: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Easy and early diagnostic tool is required for rapid detection of acute bacterial meningitis to reduce mortality and morbidity. Objectives: The study was conducted with the aim to identify the importance of cerebrospinal fluid C- reactive protein (CSF-CRP) to establish the diagnosis of ABM, and to measure the specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of CSF-CRP in the diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital during the period of December 2004 to April 2005. Children admitted between age 0- 12 years with fever and convulsion were screened. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of CSF findings- bacterial meningitis, aseptic meningitis and no meningitis control group. Only CSF culture proven cases were selected as ABM. CSF CRP was measured in all cases along with CSF cytology, biochemistry and culture-sensitivity. Complete were blood count, random blood sugar and other tests also done to treat all cases. All patients were treated adequately (if culture positive according to sensitivity) and were monitored as long as they stayed in hospital. Outcome was assessed clinically during discharge. Results: Twenty patients had acute bacterial meningitis, 15 aseptic meningitis, and 15 cases CSF findings normal and taken as control. CSF-CRP was positive (>6mg/ L) in 35% of the cases of ABM but it was found negative in all aseptic meningitis and in the control groups. Sensitivity of CSF -CRP was low (35%) but specificity was high (100%). The positive predictive value of CSF-CRP was 100% and negative predictive value 53.6%. Among the organisms isolated from acute bacterial meningitis, H. influenzae was the leading pathogen (40%) in infancy followed by S. pneumoniae (35%) and N. meningitidis (5%). Out come of the treatment of CSF-CRP positive ABM cases was found poor (p= 0.035). Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that significant(>6mg/L) level of CRP in CSF is highly specific for diagnosis of ABM and ruled out aseptic meningitis. But negative CSF-CRP could neither exclude pyogenic meningitis nor did it rule out aseptic meningitis. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3. 14275 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2012; VOL 36 (3) : 126-132
Retrieving Captioned Pictures Using Statistical Correlations and a Theory of Caption-Picture Co-reference

The MARIE project is investigating new methods for efficient information retrieval of captioned multimedia from multimedia libraries. Captions are essential to understanding multimedia and to finding relevant examples quickly. Our approach, shared by (Srihari, 1994), is to analyze both the caption and the picture in advance, then match user English queries to these semantic networks in a way that maximizes retrieval speed. Our theory and algorithms are being tested on a particular example, 100,000 captions constituting the entire unclassified portion of the photographic library at NAWC-WD, the U.S. Navy test facility in China Lake, California, USA (Rowe and Guglielmo, 1993), plus some of the pictures. Our focus is thus on technical captions and technical pictures that required specialized domain-dependent knowledge to interpret. (Rowe and Guglielmo, 1993) shows experimental results that confirm that our approach to caption-only processing gets higher precision for similar recall than a keyphrasematching system for the same application.
Neural Networks Improving the Performance of the Distance Protection

The distance protection, or distance relay, is a type of protection system responsible for detecting faults in power system lines and adopting the necessary actions to isolate the fault. This device contributes to the security and reliability of the system, avoiding loss of load or loss of synchronism in case of disturbances. Therefore its correct operation is of major importance. The operation of distance relays is influenced by different internal and external factors, compromising its performance. To improve the accuracy of these systems new solutions are being studied. Then, in this dissertation the influence of external factors; namely pre-fault load condition, intermediate in-feeds and heavy load; is studied and a neural network based fault location scheme is proposed to improve the performance of the distance protection. To create and evaluate the performance of the solution proposed a data set is generated encompassing different pre-fault and fault conditions for a given test system. The data set created is then used for training the neural networks. To finalize the performance of the solution proposed is compared with the performance of a mho relay. The results show that neural networks are an efficient tool for improving the distance protection performance.
Audio content based feature extraction on subband domain

Content-based audio feature extraction is key to obtaining important message from audio information. Research in the past several years has focused on the use of speech recognition techniques that are not directly applicable to compressed audio bit stream. However, subband coding based MPEG-1 audio layer III (MP3) is now useful for any system with limited channel capacity for its high quality to bit rate ratio. It has been widely adopted in audio-on-demand, music link via ISDN and digital satellite broadcasting. Message collection is easier if audio content can be extract directly on subband domain. Several useful algorithms are proposed here to manifest this idea.
The 3A Interaction Model and Relation-Based Recommender System - Adopting Social Media Paradigms in Designing Personal Learning Environments

We live in a rapidly changing digital world marked by technological advances, and fraught with online information constantly growing thanks to the Internet revolution and the online social applications in particular. Formal learning acquired in traditional academic and professional environments is not by itself sufficient to keep up with our information-based society. Instead, more and more focus is granted to lifelong, self-directed, and self-paced learning, acquired intentionally or spontaneously, in environments that are not purposely dedicated for learning. The concept of online Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) refers to the development of platforms that are able to sustain lifelong learning. PLEs require new design paradigms giving learners the opportunity to conduct autonomous activities depending on their interests, and allowing them to appropriate, repurpose and contribute to online content rather than merely consume pre-packaged learning resources. This thesis presents the 3A interaction model, a flexible design model targeting online personal and collaborative environments in general, and PLEs in particular. The model adopts bottom-up social media paradigms in combining social networking with flexible content and activity management features. The proposed model targets both formal and informal interactions where learning in not necessarily an explicit aim but may be a byproduct. It identifies 3 main constructs, namely actors, activities, and assets that can represent interaction and learning contexts in a flexible way. The applicability of the 3A interaction model to design actual PLEs and to deploy them in different learning modalities is demonstrated through usability studies and use-case scenarios. This thesis also addresses the challenge of dealing with information overload and helping end-users find relatively interesting information in open environments such as PLEs where content is not predefined, but is rather constantly added at run time, and differ in subject matter, quality, as well as intended audience. For that purpose, the 3A personalized, contextual, and relation-based recommender system is proposed, and evaluated on two real datasets.
Generative Visualization System for Subject Matter Experts

Subject matter experts are often faced with the need to make decisions based on dynamic and complex data. In fields such as program management and intelligence analysis, the decision maker may not have the time or background to use computational tools to assist their analysis. Background research associated with genetic algorithms is reviewed leading to the need to apply cognitive modeling technology to improve the usability of interactive genetic algorithms. This work details a system applied to support missile defense mission planning referred to as the Generative Visualization System. The tool integrates an interactive genetic algorithm and a computational model of cognition with virtual reality modeling language based visualizations.
Comparative Sequence Analysis of PRKAG3 Gene Between Pakistani Buffalo and Cattle Breeds

Fraudulent beef/meat labeling is an issue of concern in Pakistan because of the lack of an effective regulatory mechanism. DNA markers provide a diagnostic tool to detect fraudulent labeling. We therefore investigated species-specific variation in the PRKAG3 gene as a resource for diagnostic marker development. A total of 147 DNA samples from four cattle (Sahiwal, Lohani, Dhanni and Cholistani) and three buffalo (Nili, Ravi and Nili- Ravi) breeds were analyzed for sequence differences by direct sequencing of the genomic protion of the gene spanning exons 3 and 4. Inter and intra-generic variation was detected at 27 nucleotide sites, amongst which 15 distinguished cattle from buffalo. For further confirmation, additional 35 DNA samples from all breeds were sequenced, which further validated our initial findings. The sequence variability detected in the PRKAG3 gene are now available as a resource to develop diagnostic markers to detect fraudulent labeling or illegal mixing of the meat from buffalo and cattle.
Effects of N 2 Plasma Pretreatment on the SiN Passivation of AlGaN / GaN HEMT

The impact of in situ low-power N2 plasma pretreatment, prior to silicon-nitride (SiN) deposition, was investigated in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). These studies reveal that the use of N2 plasma in HEMT passivation reduces current-collapse and gate-lag effects. Such treatment is also beneficial to improve gate leakage, and from RF measurements, no degradation of fmax was observed. These beneficial effects of the N2 plasma pretreatment seem to be due to a significant reduction in interface charge density, as shown in this letter using GaN MIS devices, where a decrease of 60% was observed.
Dependence of the relationship between the tropical cyclone track and western Pacific subtropical high intensity on initial storm size: A numerical investigation

A suite of numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the tropical cyclone (TC) motion—western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) intensity relationship to initial storm size. Two TC cases, Songda (2004) and Megi (2010), were studied. It was found that with the increase of initial storm size, the main body of the WPSH tends to withdraw eastward and the TC tends to turn northward earlier. The involved physical mechanism was investigated. Rather than the change of the beta effect due to storm size change, it is the change of the geopotential height in the TC outer region that is critical for the different TC tracks between the sensitivity experiments. Due to increase of the initial storm size, the inflow mass flux entering the TC region increases, leading to a significant decrease in 500 hPa geopotential height in the TC outer region after 2–3 day integration. As a result, the simulated intensity of the WPSH over its fringe close to the TC decreases notably when the WPSH edge is within the TC outer region. Such a decrease leads to a break of WPSH. Subsequently, the TC turns northward toward the break of the subtropical high. This further weakens the intensity of the WPSH over the region close to the TC. The result helps us better understand the relationship between the TC track and WPSH intensity. It also indicates that a proper representation of initial storm size is important for realistic prediction of TC track and the change of the WPSH.
Improving ellipse detection using a fast graphical method

Ellipse detection is an important task in image analysis as ellipse shapes occur commonly in many types of scene. A fast graphical ellipse detection (FGED) algorithm is proposed to overcome the substantial time and storage requirements associated with common voting algorithms. The algorithm is demonstrated on both synthetic and real world images. It is found to be fast, memory efficient and accurate.
Bagging Based Feature Selection for Dimensional Affect Recognition in the continuous Emotion Space

This paper exploits the Bagging based feature selection method on the baseline audio features provided by AVEC2012 challenge competition. The selected features are input to SVR and RVM regression models, respectively, to estimate the affect dimensions arousal, valence, expectation, and power embedded in the audio speech. Experiments have been carried out on the word based and frame based baseline features, respectively, and the Pearson correlations between the estimated affect dimensions and their ground-truth labels are compared to those from the traditional correlation based feature selection (CFS) method with BestFirst or sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) algorithm. Experimental results show that both on word based and frame based baseline feature selection obtains the best accuracy in estimating the affect dimensions, while keeping the lowest number of features.
Implication of forest zonation on tree species composition, diversity and structure in Mabira Forest, Uganda

The study aimed to investigate effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data. Variables such as woody plant species identification and counts as well as diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees were done. The result depicted a total of 65 woody species; 39 in buffer, 19 in productions and 37 in strict nature reserve. Of these, only 9 trees species were found common to all zones and their Sorensen similarity coefficient was 0.2213. The population structure of the buffer and strict nature reserve zones was found to be a J shape pattern, whereas the production zone shown an inverted J-shape pattern. Higher woody species diversity was depicted in the buffer and strict nature zones with (H’=2. 73512) and (H’=2. 68412) respectively, and lower in a production zone (H’=1. 63628). The evenness index value of a buffer zone was (J =0. 746574), strict nature (J= 0.743335) and production (J=0. 555719). The production zone had shown higher IVI values followed by buffer and strict nature reserve zone. The most important woody species identified based on their IVI value were Broussonetia papyrifera (Production), Acalypha neptunica (Buffer), Funtumia Elastica (strict nature reserve). The existing forest management is effective in conserving the biodiversity of the forest reserve. Nevertheless, the production zone was still suffering from exploitation of the surrounding community, hence serve for protecting the remaining management zones from further human interference. Further investigation is also required on the adjacent community perceptions of the forest management zoning.
Discourse Analysis of Questions in Teacher Talk

This study is an investigation of certain aspects of classroom verbal interaction with a focus on description and analysis of questions in teacher talk. Transcriptions of recorded classroom sessions were analyzed to identify the type of the questions used by an Iranian EFL teacher, teaching in a language institute in Iran. After data analysis of 8 sessions of instruction, the researcher identified four categories of teacher questions and their related frequency across the discourse of teacher talk.
The Association between Dairy Intake with Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Introduction: Epidemiological studies show that consumption of dairy products plays an important role in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study is to examine the relation between dairy intake with MetS and its components in Tehranian adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 785 adolescents, aged 10 to 19 years, participants of the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study were selected. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy, low fat and high fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese were and anthropometrics, biochemical measurements and blood pressure were assessed. MetS was defined according to the de Ferranti criteria. Results: Mean age of subjects was 14.8 ± 2.9 years. The prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (girls: 19.5% and boys: 25.2%). The most prevalent component for MetS among boys was high waist circumference (53.4%) and among girls was low HDL-C (53.1%). Energy density and intake of protein, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, calcium and phosphor were higher in the highest quartile of dairy consumption, than in the lowest quartile. After adjustment for confounders, odds ratios with 95% confidence interval for MetS in the highest quartiles of total dairy, low fat dairy, high fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese were 0.97 (0.57-1.66), 1.44 (0.83-2.49), 0.97 (0.56-1.67), 0.70 (0.42-1.18), 1.62 (0.99-2.64), 0.72 (0.44-1.18) respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. Conclusions: Results of this study do not support the hypothesis that consumption of dairy products protects against MetS and its components.