Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to conduct a discrete choice experiment for health workforce recruitment and retention in remote and rural areas : a user guide with case studies

This guide aims to provide easy-to-read information and step-by-step advice on a quantitative research method that can help identify appropriate policy responses to health workforce shortages in remote and rural areas. This method can provide policy makers with quantitative measures of the relative importance of different job characteristics that influence the choice of health workers for rural postings. The guide gives details about the types of questions such a method can (or cannot) answer, and the type of data, analysis, and analytical skills required to perform the research. It will use two case studies to illustrate the challenges and the ways to overcome them in conducting the work. Finally, it will provide information on the logistical and scientific requirements to perform such research and will offer links to resources for more detailed scientific and academic materials that can be consulted by advanced researchers. First section gives an overview of the stages involved in conducting a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), and the issues that can arise. For each step, a summary box highlights the key messages, followed by detailed explanations of the concepts, data requirements, and statistical approaches. This section uses examples from published DCEs to illustrate the various elements of each step. It offers good practical guidance to the reader, along with further details, useful technical resources, and references to software packages. A small subsection pulls together information on logistical requirements and challenges in conducting a DCE. First section then offers some concluding comments. Second and third sections provide two case studies one each from Tanzania and Uganda to illustrate in more depth the practicalities of conducting the work.
Investigating the Robustness of a New Microfluidic Device

Successful assembly of the components used in nanoscale LC requires some level of expertise in order produce good chromatography with minimal band broadening. Microfluidic devices, where chromatographic separation is performed on a chip mounted close to a MS inlet, enable significant reduction in dead volumes and enable optimal chromatography to be achieved by the novice user. Here, we demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of a Waters Nanotile coupled to a new Time of Flight MS. We made 35 injections of an E.Coli tryptic digest, containing 50fmol spikes of four proteins, onto a nanoAcquity UPLC system coupled to a Trizaic source. The Trizaic consists of a ceramic tile containing a trapping column, analytical column and emitter. Trapping flow rate was set to 8uL/min for 1.8mins and the analytical reversed phase separation was performed at a flow rate of 450nL/min, changing the acetonitrile composition from 3 to 40% over 90minutes, with 30minute re-equilibration. Emitter eluent was analysed using a ToF MS operating in MSe mode. In this mode, the MS performed alternate low and elevated energy scans, the low energy providing precursor ion information and the elevated energy providing fragment ion information. Data was processed using ProteinLynx Global Server where the ion information was collated using retention time information in order to associate precursors and fragments. Data was then searched using a non-redundant database and the internal spike allowed absolute quantitation. Comparing chromatograms from various stages of the 70-hour experiment shows excellent reproducibility. The average number of E.Coli proteins identified was 389±17, in which 325 replicated in 20 out of the 35 injections. Moreover, the absolute quantitation measurements using the ADH spike for identified proteins with >3 peptides is 285±7ng and the quantitation measurement for one of the other protein spikes, Enolase, shows a CV of 7%.
Qualidade dos dados de vigilância da fluoretação de sistemas de abastecimento de água: proposta de um protocolo de crítica dos dados

Introduction: Fluoride concentration values in water must be inserted in an information system; however, no protocol was proposed to perform the verification of the inserted data. Objective: To present a proposal to critically review fluoride concentration data in order to provide reliability of information production on water fluoridation surveillance. Method: The fluoride concentration monitoring data from the water supply systems of the State of Sao Paulo registered in the year 2015 in the Surveillance Information System of the Water Quality for Human Consumption were used. A proposal was applied using Excel® software. Results: The database was reduced from 23,840 registers of fluoride concentration distributed in 586 municipalities to 22,807 distributed in 543 municipalities. Notation errors, underreporting during the year, municipalities with 50% or more of the samples equal to 0.000 mg F/L or with standard deviation equal to 0.000 mg F/L, and outliers were the main critical factors. Conclusions: The application was simple, feasible and could be routinely adopted by the surveillance agencies.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PRENATAL YOGA ON PREGNANCY ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy process can cause discomfort to pregnant women. During pregnancy, pregnant women from developed and developing countries tend to have an increase in anxiety and symptoms of depression. If not properly managed, those situations can adversely affect maternal and infant health. This systematic review is to explore the effectiveness of yoga in order to reduce anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Methods: This systematic review was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA Protocol). Publication screening was carried out by filtering the 2009-2019 English and Indonesian articles from electronic data sources, namely PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The keywords used in the literature searching were ‘anxiety’, ‘depression in pregnancy’, ‘prenatal yoga’, ‘yoga in pregnancy’, ‘pregnancy’, and ‘complementary and alternative medicine in pregnancy’. Results: The search identified 368 record, of which 8 articles were included in this study. Studies regarding to the effect of yoga in pregnant women has been shown to reduce anxiety scores, pregnancy depression, anger, sleep disorders, lower maternal cortisol hormones, improve maternal immunity and neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Yoga could be applied as a complementary therapy that was easy, low cost, and useful for reducing anxiety and depression in pregnant women.
Behavioral treatments for sleep disorders : a comprehensive primer of behavioral sleep medicine interventions

Sleep is a major component of good mental and physical health, yet over 40 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders. Edited by three prominent clinical experts, this volume is the first reference to cover all of the most common disorders (insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, parasomnias, etc) and the applicable therapeutic techniques. The volume adopts a highly streamlined and practical approach to make the tools of the trade from behavioral sleep medicine accessible to mainstream psychologists as well as sleep disorder specialists. Organized by therapeutic technique, each chapter discusses the various sleep disorders to which the therapy is relevant, an overall rationale for the intervention, step-by-step instructions for how to implement the technique, possible modifications, the supporting evidence base, and further recommended readings. Treatments for both the adult and child patient populations are covered, and each chapter is authored by an expert in the field. It offers an extra chapter ("The use of bright light in the treatment of insomnia," by Drs. Leon Lack and Helen Wright). It offers more coverage than any volume on the market, with discussion of virtually all sleep disorders and numerous treatment types. It addresses treatment concerns for both adult and pediatric population. It is an outstanding scholarship, with each chapter written by an expert in the topic area. Each chapter offers step-by-step description of procedures and covers the evidence-based data behind those procedures.
Do LSTMs know about Principle C?

We investigate whether a recurrent network trained on raw text can learn an important syntactic constraint on coreference. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network that is sensitive to some other syntactic constraints was tested on psycholinguistic materials from two published experiments on coreference. Whereas the participants were sensitive to the Principle C constraint on coreference the LSTM network was not. Our results suggest that, whether as cognitive models of linguistic processes or as engineering solutions in practical applications, recurrent networks may need to be augmented with additional inductive biases to be able to learn models and representations that fully capture the structures of language underlying comprehension.
Medical results of Salyut-6 manned space flights.

: The major goal of medical investigations in the USSR longterm (up to 6 months) manned space flights was to accumulate information on human responses to prolonged weightlessness. Before, during and after these flights, detailed clinical, physiological, immunological and anthropometric examinations were conducted. The examinations demonstrated that man may well adapt to long-term space flight, retaining good health and a high work capacity. The changes seen postflight were reversible and disappeared completely after a relatively short readaptation period. Postflight changes did not correlate with the flight duration. A reasonable work-rest cycle and various physiological countermeasures were used, the efficiency of which were substantiated by means of regular medical examinations. These methods helped the cosmonauts to maintain good health status and adequate performance inflight and facilitated their readaptation postflight. Medical investigations performed during the Salyut-6 flights indicate that the duration of manned space flight can be increased.
Eating behaviour and body weight in a sample of adult women : the role of stress and dietary restraint

This naturalistic longitudinal study examined the effects of stress on eating behaviour and changes in body weight. The study was conducted at a London University with 71 healthy women volunteers taking part. The aim of the study was to examine potential predictors of weight change initially by means of correlational analysis and t-tests and subsequently developing a model using regression analysis. Predictors of weight change were hypothesised to be stress, dietary restraint, mental health, bingeing and changes in food choice. In response to an unseen written examination these potential predictors of weight change were assessed for mediator and moderator effects on weight change. Using regression analysis a model was developed demonstrating stress and dietary restraint as significant predictors of weight change. A significant moderator of weight change was identified as the change in dietary restraint score during the stress period. Change in bingeing behaviour was seen as a significant mediator of the effects of restraint and change in cortisol secretion on weight change during the stress period. Change in food preferences towards a diet higher in saturated fat, carbohydrates and alcohol consumption mediated the effects of cortisol secretion during the stress period on weight change.
The Significance of Serum S100A9 and TNC Levels as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of S100A9 and tenascin-c (TNC) levels as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers in several ways, including through screening tests, differentiation tests, combination with existing biomarkers (CEA and CA19-9), and serum level measurements before and after surgery. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, S100A9 and TNC serum levels were measured in 460 participants: 258 CRC patients, 99 patients with benign colonic disease (BCD) and 103 healthy donors (HD). Results: The serum levels of S100A9 were 22.32 (14.88-29.55) ng/ml, 10.02 (5.83-14.15) ng/ml and 10.05 (7.68-15.34) ng/ml in the CRC, BCD and HD groups, respectively. The serum levels of TNC were 4.30 (2.12-6.04) ng/ml, 1.60 (1.06-2.30) ng/ml and 2.00 (1.37-3.00) ng/ml in the CRC, BCD and HD groups, respectively. Significantly higher levels of both biomarkers (S100A9 and TNC) were found in CRC patients (both p<0.001). Both S100A9 and TNC levels were superior to CEA and CA19-9 levels as CRC diagnostic biomarkers; the combination of S100A9, TNC and CEA levels was an excellent biomarker with 79.8% sensitivity and 89.6% specificity. The serum levels of S100A9 and TNC in CRC patients were significantly lower after surgery than before surgery (p<0.01). Conclusion: S100A9 and TNC levels could serve as diagnostic biomarkers of colorectal cancer.
Electronic Government Services for Women (EGSW)

This project is considered as an idea to give the women a plan to leave home or the abuse place in the convenient moment. It provides the abused women with quickly escape button from the current page to prevent increasing her abuse. Also, it allows women to reveal the problems which they are exposed freely. It exposes the problems of abused women on the web page with the advice provided to them if there was a piece of advice. In addition, it allows other women who face the same problem to see the appropriate solution or advice provided to those who live the same circumstances. This project also provides the women with the places of housing provided by the Government of abused women to turn to her after leaving their homes. Furthermore, it provides the women with all sources of books written in a woman's right to defend themselves and providing them with their last laws that have been enacted in any field.
A Structural Model for Aquatic Exercise Adherence of Patients with Arthritis

Many studies have reported that regular aquatic exercise can lead to improvement of health for patients suffering from arthritis. In spite of these benefits, the adherence rate has shown as few as 26% of patients with arthritis who had completed the aquatic exercise education program. Moreover, when patients with arthritis begin an aquatic exercise, 47% withdraw within the first 6 month. No study has been found that constructs model to explain aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study were to identify the factors influencing exercise adherence and to construct and test a structural model to explain aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. Hypothesized model was constructed on the basis of Bandura's social cognitive theory and literature review. Exogenous latent variables included in this model are group cohesion and barrier, endogenous latent variables are self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and self-evaluation. Empirical data used was collected through individual interviews with the structural questionnaire on 249 patients with arthritis who had completed the 6-week aquatic exercise education program of Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Academy. The interviews were performed from September 6, 1999 through October 8, 1999. A model tested by the covariance structural analysis with LISREL 8.12a program and by descriptive statistics and correlation with SAS 6.12 program. The results are summarized as follows: First, hypothesized model showed a good fit to the empirical data. In the modified model added one new path showed a much better fit. Second, group cohesion had a direct, indirect positive effects, self-efficacy and self evaluation had a direct positive effects on exercise adherence. Barrier had a direct, indirect negative effects on exercise adherence. Outcome expectancy had a direct negative effect, indirect positive effects through self-evaluation on exercise adherence, but total effects was not significant. Total effect size of the variables were group cohesion, self-efficacy, barrier and self evaluation in order. All variables accounted for 54% of the total variance of exercise adherence in the model. In conclusion, this model confirmed to be proper in explaining of aquatic exercise adherence. Group cohesion, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, self-evaluation, barrier contributed to the aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis. The results of this study suggested that improvement of group cohesion, self-efficacy and self-evaluation, motivation of outcome expectancy through self-evaluation, and reduction of the barrier should be included in the strategy of nursing intervention for the aquatic exercise adherence of patients with arthritis.
Patterns of Abuse

Isolating the victim Putting down the victim’s heritage/history/culture Breaking bones Forcing sex acts (i.e., anal, oral, third party) Jokes that demean women Moving/relocating the victim repeatedly Using objects as weapons (i.e., lamps) Humiliating, selling, or tying the victim Rigid gender role requirements Medicating/hospitalizing victim as a result of psychological abuse Using conventional weapons Sexually abusing the victim’s children
All CABG Patients Who Have No Contraindications: Do They Get Perioperative Beta Blockers?

New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) following Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been described in up to 15% to 40% of patients in the initial postoperative period. POAF is related with higher mortality, increased hospital resource utilization, postoperative extra ITU hours and hospital days, consequently increasing hospital-related budgets. Beta blocker administration decreases the rate of POAF from 30% - 40% to 12% - 16% after CABG. According to the EACTS (European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery) guideline December 2006, β-Blockers should routinely be used as the first choice for the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation (AF) in all patients undergoing cardiac surgery, if not contraindicated (IB). To compare the contemporary practice with the recommended standard retrospective data of consecutive 400 patients treated with isolated CABG between July 2015 and June 2017 were collected. Those patients who received β-blockers on the day of surgery or the following morning (Continued and Restarted on 1st POD) met the standard guidelines. Thus, according to the data (12% + 20%) 32% of the patients met the standard. To compare the rate of Postoperative Atrial fibrillation, we divided the patients into two groups. Group A, who followed the guideline (128 patients) and Group B, who resumed β-Blockers 48 hours onwards (272 Patients). In group A, only 8 patients developed postoperative AF whereas in group B 88 patients developed postoperative AF which is also statistically significant (P < 0.003). β-blockers significantly decrease the incidence of AF after CABG. Attention must also be paid on understanding and improving β-blockers use at perioperative period.
Lifestyle intervention for obesity: a call to transform the clinical care delivery system in Mexico

Abstract Obesity and its comorbidities have become the most important public health problems for Latin America. In Mexico obesity has increased dramatically to the point where the government has declared it an epidemiological emergency. The most recent national data showed overweight and obesity affects 72.5% of adults, or around 56 million Mexicans. Most Mexican adults with obesity are undiagnosed. According to data derived from a national representative survey, only 20% of adults with BMI >30 kg/m2 were diagnosed with obesity by a health provider. Likewise, only 8% of individuals with obesity had received treatment for obesity. Interventions offered in the Mexican health care delivery system generally consist of traditional consultations with recommendations on diet and exercise, visits are monthly to quarterly, and validated behavior change protocols are not used. Evidence from clinical trials has shown that weight loss with this type of treatment is generally less than 1 kg per year. In contrast, intensive lifestyle interventions – protocols focusing on achieving changes in diet, physical activity, and moderate weight loss using behavioral strategies with weekly or bi-weekly sessions for the first 3 to 6 months, and a maintenance phase with trained interventionists – as implemented in the Diabetes Prevention Program and the Look AHEAD studies achieved weight loss of 7–9% at one year. Additionally, translation studies of these interventions to the community and to real-world clinical practice have achieved weight loss of around 4%. Adaptations of intensive lifestyle interventions have been implemented in the United States, both in clinical practice and in the community, and this type of intervention represents a potential model to combat obesity in Mexico and other Latin American countries. It is essential that primary care providers in Mexico implement clinical practice guidelines based on the best evidence available as discussed here to effectively treat obesity. The authors make recommendations to improve the treatment of obesity in the clinical care delivery system in Mexico using intensive lifestyle interventions.
A Model of Marine Security Synergy at Chokepoint Lombok Strait With AHP-SWOT Identification Method

Lombok Strait is one of the gateway entrance of international shipping line that gets priority maritime security and maritime safety. Also, the Chief of Indonesian Navy wants the Naval Base in Lombok Strait to carry out its duties and functions optimally amid the limited facilities owned. So, it is necessary to study the synergistic between Naval Base, Maritime Stakeholders and Local Government to support Indonesian maritime diplomacy policy. This research was made to create a model of marine security synergy with AHP-SWOT identification method. The results of the assessment to understand the area in the Lombok strait as well as by improving the ability of security facilities at Naval Base. The result of this work also mention about the strategic location factor of strait Lombok becomes determinant to make a policy. Overall of this synergistic strategy proof that the important of the Lombok strait marine security in the Indonesia and support the improvement of regional economies.
Understanding the Experience of Immigrant Veterans Making the Transition to Higher Education

This study uses Interpretive Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) to understand the transitional experiences of immigrant veterans. The United States has an incredible history of immigrants serving and dying for their adopted country since WWII. The trend continues for immigrants in hope to achieve the American Dream. Transition Theory of Schlosberg was used to shape the research question and helps to conceptualize the research findings. To participate in the study, the participants must be an immigrant, a veteran of US Armed Forces who served honorably, and now college students. Four immigrant veterans participated in semi-structured interviews. Three themes emerged from the interviews: 1) Pre-higher Education: Examining Military Service; 2) Higher Education: Beginning the Transition Process; and 3) Higher Education: Coping Within an Institution of Higher Education Resources. The research findings have implications for educational stakeholders who want to understand transitional challenges of immigrant veterans and create a more conducive environment for success.