Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Plantarflexor Power and Function using Carbon Fiber Versus Traditional Thermoplastic Ankle Foot Orthoses: Case Series

Background: Thermoplastic ankle foot orthoses (TAFO) control the foot during swing and initial contact of walking. Carbon fiber AFOs (CAFO) has the added ability to store and return energy at push off. The purpose of this report is to determine if plantarflexor power and function can be improved with a CAFO compared to a TAFO and identify factors that may be related to plantarflexor power improvement in two adults with reduced ankle muscle performance. Case Descriptions: Two participants with reduced ankle muscle performance completed a gait analysis and the 6 minute walk (6MW) test wearing each AFO. Physical function was higher in Participant 1 compared to Participant 2 as measured by the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure and walking speed. Outcomes: Participant 1’s 6MW distance and plantarflexor power improved wearing the CAFO compared to the TAFO (6MW distance: TAFO=427 m, CAFO=553 m and Plantarflexor power: TAFO=1.16 W/kg, CAFO=1.56 W/kg). Participant 2 showed similar outcomes in both AFO conditions (6MW distance: TAFO=290 m, CAFO=276 m and plantarflexor power: TAFO=0.89 W/kg, CAFO=0.60 W/kg). Discussion: A CAFO increased walking speed and plantarflexor power compared to a TAFO in a person with a relatively high level of physical function but not in a person with a relatively low level of physical function. These preliminary results suggest a sufficiently high level of physical function is required to “engage” the CAFO and benefit from its energy storing capabilities.
Contraception in France : new context, new practices?

In France in 2010, 50% of women aged 15-49 concerned by contraception used the pill. The slight fall in the proportion of pill users since the early 2000s has been offset by the growing use of new hormonal contraception methods (contraceptive implant, patch and vaginal ring), except among the 20-24 age group. Use of the IUD is continuing its slow decline, while condom use is increasing. Only a small minority of women opt for contraceptive sterilization, which was legalized in 2001. Around 3% of women not wishing to become pregnant do not use any form of contraception. This situation is more frequent among women facing financial difficulties, with a low level of education or living in a rural area.
Importance of Pain Acceptance in Relation to Headache Disability and Pain Interference in Women With Migraine and Overweight/Obesity

Pain acceptance involves willingness to experience pain and engaging in valued activities while pain is present. Though pain acceptance could limit both headache‐related disability and pain interference in individuals with migraine, few studies have addressed this issue. This study evaluated whether higher levels of total pain acceptance and its two subcomponents, pain willingness and activity engagement, were associated with lower levels of headache‐related impairment in women who had both migraine and overweight/obesity.
Psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa and binging.

BACKGROUND A specific manual-based form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been developed for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (CBT-BN) and other common related syndromes such as binge eating disorder. Other psychotherapies and modifications of CBT are also used. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of CBT, CBT-BN and other psychotherapies in the treatment of adults with bulimia nervosa or related syndromes of recurrent binge eating. SEARCH STRATEGY Handsearch of The International Journal of Eating Disorders since first issue; database searches of MEDLINE, EXTRAMED, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CURRENT CONTENTS, LILACS, SCISEARCH, CENTRAL and the The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety & Neurosis Controlled Trials Register; citation list searching and personal approaches to authors were used. Search date June 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of psychotherapy for adults with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and/or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) of a bulimic type which applied a standardised outcome methodology and had less than 50% drop-out rate. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were analysed using the Review Manager software program. Relative risks were calculated for binary outcome data. Standardised mean differences were calculated for continuous variable outcome data. A random effects model was applied. MAIN RESULTS 48 studies (n = 3054 participants) were included. The review supported the efficacy of CBT and particularly CBT-BN in the treatment of people with bulimia nervosa and also (but less strongly due to the small number of trials) related eating disorder syndromes.Other psychotherapies were also efficacious, particularly interpersonal psychotherapy in the longer-term. Self-help approaches that used highly structured CBT treatment manuals were promising. Exposure and Response Prevention did not enhance the efficacy of CBT.Psychotherapy alone is unlikely to reduce or change body weight in people with bulimia nervosa or similar eating disorders. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a small body of evidence for the efficacy of CBT in bulimia nervosa and similar syndromes, but the quality of trials is very variable and sample sizes are often small. More and larger trials are needed, particularly for binge eating disorder and other EDNOS syndromes. There is a need to develop more efficacious therapies for those with both a weight and an eating disorder.
International Differences in Management of Physical Activity Data: Can They Explain Some of the Difference in Prevalence Estimates?

Background: National physical activity data suggest that there is a considerable difference in physical activity levels of US and Australian adults. Although different surveys (Active Australia and BRFSS) are used, the questions are similar. Different protocols, however, are used to estimate “activity” from the data collected. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether the 2 approaches to the management of PA data could explain some of the difference in prevalence estimates derived from the two national surveys. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the most recent AA survey (N = 2987). Results: 15% of the sample was defined as “active” using Australian criteria but as “inactive” using the BRFSS protocol, even though weekly energy expenditure was commensurate with meeting current guidelines. Younger respondents (age < 45 y) were more likely to be “misclassified” using the BRFSS criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence of activity in Australia and the US appears to be more similar than we had previousl.
What helps and what hinders in the development of a research-practitioner identity: Exploring clinical psychology trainees’ views.

The increased emphasis on the practical application of research has led to expansion in the number and diversity of professional doctorates (PD) within the USA, UK and Canada. However, the research-practice gap is a commonly observed and written about phenomenon and PD programmes have been questioned for not being able to support the development of a scientist-practitioner identity. This exploratory study focuses on the research-practice gap in practitioner clinical psychology doctoral training and the struggle with identity transition that clinical researchers undergo throughout the course of their professional doctorate. A questionnaire using closed and open-ended questions was developed to explore both scientist-practitioner identity in fourteen final year doctoral clinical trainees and, their perception as to how the connection between these two aspects of identity had either been facilitated or undermined during the course of training. Results showed that by the end of their training, all but one trainee identified themselves as a scientist-practitioner whereas, prior to entering training, none did. Supervisor guidance and reflection were identified as key aspects of training that supported this identity transition. Tensions within the professional practice context and some programme assessment practices challenged the scientist-practitioner model. Trainees recounted specific changes in their professional practice that reflect this new dual identity.
Prevalence of Primary Antimicrobial Resistance of H. pylori in Turkey: A Systematic Review

The prevalence of clarithromycin resistance has increased to the 20% or more in different regions of the world. Clarithromycin resistance is known to be responsible for most of the treatment failures in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the prevalence of primary antibiotic resistance (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline) of H. pylori strains in different geographical regions of Turkey.
Effects of combined oral contraceptives on the skin of mice

To find the effects of a combination of 2 widely used contraceptives, ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone acetate (ECPA), on skin and sebaceous gland morphology and dermal vascularity of mice. Materials and methods: Female mice were divided into groups: treatment with ECPA for 1 month (T) and its control (C); and cessation of treatment for an additional month (recovery, R) and its control (CR). Body weight, skin histology and morphometry, and vaginal smears were performed and analyzed. Results: In the T and R groups, there was a significant increase in epidermal and dermal thickness and dermal vascularity. In group T, the number and size of sebaceous glands (SGs) decreased. In group R, all features of SGs were similar to those of group C. Estrous cycle was arrested at the diestrus stage in group T, but regained its regular pattern in group R. Conclusion: A decrease in the number and size of SGs explains the mechanism through which ECPA acts. The increase in skin thickness and vascularity explains the enhancement of shape and texture induced by these hormones. The contraceptive effects of ECPA are confirmed. Changes are reversible after cessation of treatment.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-isomer fragmentation pathways: case study for pyrene and fluoranthene molecules and clusters.

We report on measurements of the ionization and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) targets in Xe(20+) + C(16)H(10) and Xe(20+) + [C(16)H(10)](k) collisions and compare results for the two C(16)H(10) isomers: pyrene and fluoranthene. For both types of targets, i.e., for single PAH molecules isolated in vacuum or for isomerically pure clusters of one of the molecules, the resulting fragment spectra are surprisingly similar. However, we do observe weak but significant isomer effects. Although these are manifested in very different ways for the monomer and cluster targets, they both have at their roots small differences (<2.5 eV) between the total binding energies of neutral, and singly and multiply charged pyrene and fluoranthene monomers. The results will be discussed in view of the density functional theory calculations of ionization and dissociation energies for fluoranthene and pyrene. A simple classical over-the-barrier model is used to estimate cross sections for single- and multiple-electron transfer between PAHs and ions. Calculated single and multiple ionization energies, and the corresponding model PAH ionization cross sections, are given.
Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy.

BACKGROUND Cervical spondylosis causes pain and disability by compressing the spinal cord or roots. Surgery to relieve the compression may reduce the pain and disability, but is associated with a small but definite risk. OBJECTIVES To determine whether: 1) surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy is associated with improved outcome, compared with conservative management and 2) timing of surgery (immediate or delayed pending persistence/progression of relevant symptoms and signs) has an impact on outcome. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE to 1998 for the original review. A revised search was run in CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL (January 1998 to June 2008) to update the review.Authors of the identified randomised controlled trials were contacted for additional published or unpublished data. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials allocating patients with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy to 1) "medical management" or "decompressive surgery (with or without fusion) plus medical management" 2) "early decompressive surgery" or "delayed decompressive surgery". DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected trials, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Two trials (N = 149) were included. In both trials, allocation concealment was inadequate and arrangements for blinding of outcome assessment were unclear.One trial (81 patients with cervical radiculopathy) found that surgical decompression was superior to physiotherapy or cervical collar immobilization in the short-term for pain, weakness or sensory loss; at one year, there were no significant differences between groups.One trial (68 patients with mild functional deficit associated with cervical myelopathy) found no significant differences between surgery and conservative treatment in three years following treatment. A substantial proportion of cases were lost to follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Both small trials had significant risks of bias and do not provide reliable evidence on the effects of surgery for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy or myelopathy. It is unclear whether the short-term risks of surgery are offset by long-term benefits. Further research is very likely to have an impact on the estimate of effect and our confidence in it.There is low quality evidence that surgery may provide pain relief faster than physiotherapy or hard collar immobilization in patients with cervical radiculopathy; but there is little or no difference in the long-term.There is very low quality evidence that patients with mild myelopathy feel subjectively better shortly after surgery, but there is little or no difference in the long-term.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG KEHAMILAN USIA DINI DI KOTA DENPASAR

Adolescence pregnancy is a pregnancy among teenage aged between 15-19 years, which commonly occur due to increase of sexsual behaviour before marriage among teenage which may cause unwanted and unintended preganacy. Adolescence pregnancy have a serious impact on health and psychosocial of the adolescents herself and the o? spring. The aim of this study is to know the level of knowledge, a! itude and behavior of Adolescent girls in Denpasar towards adolescence pregnancy. The information is important to understand the risk behavior of teenage girls towards adolescence pregnancy. This study was a descriptive study, using cross sectional method, with samples of 284 teenage girls grade 3 in one private intermediate school in Denpasar. Data was collected by self administered questioner. The results showed that the majority of respondents have high knowledge level (98.6%; n = 280) and moderate knowledge level (1.4%; n = 4) towards adolescent pregnancy. Proportion of good a! itude was 77.8% (n = 221), moderate a! itude is 21.5% (n = 61) and poor was 0.7% (n 2). The result indicate there is a gap beween percentage of students who has a good knowledge (98.6%) with students who has good a! itude level with 98,6% compared to 77,8%. This study showed that the knowledge as predisposing factor of a! itute was not always signi? cantly related with a! itude. Therefore, it is suggested that the school needs to provide counseling program, peer education program and IEC (Information, Education and Communication) to increase skill of the Adolescent girls to prevent adolescent pregnancy.
Transcutaneous Measurement of Blood Analyte Concentration Using Raman Spectroscopy

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder, affecting nearly 200 million people worldwide. Acute complications, such as hypoglycemia, cardiovascular disease and retinal damage, may occur if the disease is not adequately controlled. As diabetes has no known cure, tight control of glucose levels is critical for the prevention of such complications. Given the necessity for regular monitoring of blood glucose, development of non‐invasive glucose detection devices is essential to improve the quality of life in diabetic patients. The commercially available glucose sensors measure the interstitial fluid glucose by electrochemical detection. However, these sensors have severe limitations, primarily related to their invasive nature and lack of stability. This necessitates the development of a truly non‐invasive glucose detection technique. NIR Raman Spectroscopy, which combines the substantial penetration depth of NIR light with the excellent chemical specificity of Raman spectroscopy, provides an excellent tool to m.
Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND Multiple risk factor interventions using counselling and educational methods assumed to be efficacious and cost-effective in reducing coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and morbidity and that they should be expanded. Trials examining risk factor changes have cast doubt on the effectiveness of these interventions. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of multiple risk factor interventions for reducing total mortality, fatal and non-fatal events from CHD and cardiovascular risk factors among adults assumed to be without prior clinical evidence CHD. SEARCH STRATEGY We updated the original search BY SEARCHING CENTRAL (2006, Issue 2), MEDLINE (2000 to June 2006) and EMBASE (1998 to June 2006), and checking bibliographies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of more than six months duration using counselling or education to modify more than one cardiovascular risk factor in adults from general populations, occupational groups or specific risk factors (i.e. diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors extracted data independently. We expressed categorical variables as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where studies published subsequent follow-up data on mortality and event rates, we updated these data. MAIN RESULTS We found 55 trials (163,471 participants) with a median duration of 12 month follow up. Fourteen trials (139,256 participants) with reported clinical event endpoints, the pooled ORs for total and CHD mortality were 1.00 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.05) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.07), respectively. Total mortality and combined fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events showed benefits from intervention when confined to trials involving people with hypertension (16 trials) and diabetes (5 trials): OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.89) and OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.83), respectively. Net changes (weighted mean differences) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (53 trials) and blood cholesterol (50 trials) were -2.71 mmHg (95% CI -3.49 to -1.93), -2.13 mmHg (95% CI -2.67 to -1.58 ) and -0.24 mmol/l (95% CI -0.32 to -0.16), respectively. The OR for reduction in smoking prevalence (20 trials) was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.00). Marked heterogeneity (I(2) > 85%) for all risk factor analyses was not explained by co-morbidities, allocation concealment, use of antihypertensive or cholesterol-lowering drugs, or by age of trial. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions using counselling and education aimed at behaviour change do not reduce total or CHD mortality or clinical events in general populations but may be effective in reducing mortality in high-risk hypertensive and diabetic populations. Risk factor declines were modest but owing to marked unexplained heterogeneity between trials, the pooled estimates are of dubious validity. Evidence suggests that health promotion interventions have limited use in general populations.
Effects of Periodically Repeated Heat Events on Reproduction and Ovary Development of Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract Insect development occurs within a specific temperature range. Constant temperature studies may produce misleading information on the eco-physiological impacts of temperature on the population dynamics of an insect species, as in most natural environments, temperature usually undergoes daily variation. In China, field surveys showed that the decline in the Agasicles hygrophila (Selman & Vogt) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) population from early August to late September in summer resulted in difficulties in effectively controlling the population of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb (Amaranthaceae). Previous studies have largely ignored more natural, fluctuating conditions. In our study, we first investigated the impacts of different temperature conditions (25°C constant temperature for 20 h with a 4-h period of a high temperature of either 30°C, 33°C, 36°C, or 39°C) on adult reproduction and longevity, egg development time, egg hatch rate, female ovarian development, and oogenesis of A. hygrophila. Our results indicated that high temperatures of 30°C and 33°C did not affect the female ovarian development and oogenesis of A. hygrophila. Contrarily, high temperatures of 36°C and 39°C negatively affected the population development of A. hygrophila. At 36°C and 39°C, the egg hatch rates were very low, and the egg development times significantly lengthened. The frequency of abnormal ovaries significantly rose at 39°C. We concluded that the decline in the A. hygrophila population during August and September may be related to the extreme high temperatures that frequently occur in summer. These results help provide a better understanding of A. hygrophila population dynamics under natural conditions.
Physical Control of Spider Mites Using Ultraviolet-B With Light Reflection Sheets in Greenhouse Strawberries

Abstract Development of spider mite management technology other than chemical control is desired because of the serious development of acaricide resistance worldwide. Recent studies have evidenced the lethal effects of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation on spider mites. To develop the technology on how to use UVB irradiation for spider mite control, we tested whether UVB lamp–light reflection sheet (LRS) combinations suppressed the population size of Tetranychus urticae Koch on strawberry in a greenhouse from December to May (2012–2013, 2013–2014) in Japan. We designed four combinations of UVB lamps and LRSs: 1) neither UVB lamps nor LRSs (UV−LRS−); 2) a UVB lamp without an LRS (UV+LRS−; 2012–2013 only); 3) a UVB lamp and a mulch-type LRS (UV+LRSm); and 4) a UVB lamp and a wing-type LRS (UV+LRSw). The number of adult females peaked at 438.0 and 222.0 per plant in UV−LRS− of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, respectively, and peaked at 191.6 females in UV+LRS− of 2012–2013. In contrast, the peak abundance was 20.9–98.0 females in UV+LRSm, and fewer than 15 females were noted in UV+LRSw over either experimental period. UVB irradiance on lower leaf surfaces was higher in UV+LRSm and UV+LRSw than UV−LRS− and UV+LRS−, and the mite densities were significantly correlated with UVB irradiance on lower leaf surfaces. Consequently, we conclude that the combinations of UVB lamp–LRS have an excellent capacity to control T. urticae on greenhouse strawberry, and that the LRS was an essential component in this technological approach.