Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the GGE Biplot as a Statistical Tool in the Breeding and Testing of Early and Extra-Early Maturing Maize in Sub-Saharan Africa

In this paper is reviewed some aspects of the research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa in which the genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot was employed for the analysis and interpretation of the data. GGE biplot has been found quite effective in analyzing genotype × environment interaction, genotype × trait (GT) interaction, interpretation of diallel and line × tester data, and evaluation of the efficiency of testers in hybrid production. Application of GGE biplot to genotype by environment data from several studies has helped to identify outstanding varieties, inbreds and hybrids of early and extra-early maize in terms of yield performance and stability under stress and non-stress environments. The use of GT biplot analysis has resulted in the identification of ear aspect (EASP), plant aspect (PASP), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), and number of ears per plant (EPP) as the most reliable traits for selection for yield under drought, low-N, high-N and well-watered environments. Studies comparing GT with path-coefficient analyses revealed that both methods identified EASP, plant height (PLHT), and ASI as the most important traits directly contributing to yield under drought stress. GT biplot identified EASP, EPP, and Striga damage as the most reliable traits for indirect selection for improved grain yield under Striga infestation. The biplot graphical analysis allowed visual display of the general combining ability (GCA) of the parental inbreds and specific combining ability (SCA) of the hybrids used in Griffings diallel mating design. In addition, information on the best mating partners, identification of proven testers and tester groups, and heterotic groups have been provided graphically. The disadvantages of the GGE biplot include limited number of entries, only two heterotic groups are handled by the method, and only fixed statistical model can be used. More attention needs to be focused on test of hypothesis and QTL analyses.
A Criticism of Method Selection Approach Which is Used in the National Waste Management Action Plans for Management of Municipal Solid Wastes

“Solid Waste Master Plan” is the main instruction which determines all management strategies of municipal wastes at the present time in Turkey. In respect of determining treatment and disposal methods, the main reference of the aforementioned master plan is the EHCIP project which was prepared by the Ministry in 2005. The zoning application of the master plan which bases on dividing of Turkey in 3 main-areas and 11 sub-areas was performed in the EHCIP project, at first. The master plan contains “16 typical projects” which were developed for different areas and population groups of Turkey. The 16 typical projects and the other trial projects which were developed for the metropolitan areas of Turkey by the EHCIP were revealed by using a computer program named as “Model FEASIBLE”. In this sense, “Model FEASIBLE” can be introduced as the main decision making tool which determines the manner of all waste management applications in Turkey. While “Model FEASIBLE” which was prepared by a Denmark-originated company presents a main financial computing tool to the users, it also allows evaluating different scenarios. In usage of the model for waste management, the waste amounts, the collection types, and the treatment and disposal facilities which are planned to use have to be given to the model by users. In this regard, “Model FEASIBLE” is a scenario-based decision making tool. The main problem of the scenario-based decision making tools which are used in solid waste management is to be ignored of many different possibilities by the reason of using scenarios which are determined by the users. In this study, a brief information about decision making tools used in solid waste management will be given in respect to give a basic knowledge, firstly. Secondly, it will be given a criticism of “Model FEASIBLE” and all scenario-based waste management approaches which are used as a decision making tool. Finally, the decision making process of the incinerator which will be constructed in accordance with the master plan in Kocaeli will evaluate in the context of this criticism. In conclusion, it is intensely recommended to be revised all the management decisions which were made almost 15 years ago for the master plan, considering the developments in the decision making applications.
Strategies to Promote Psycho-social Wellbeing among Health Care Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic has created multiple challenges for health care workers. Challenges in family, workplace, and community impact the psycho-social wellbeing of the HCW. To overcome the psycho-social ill health, strategies should be planned at the level of individual, health system, and community. At the individual level, formulating a new routine that incorporates healthy and optimistic behavior such as exercising, journaling, writing gratitude journal should be encouraged. At the workplace, strategies should address the physiological, safety, relationship, and self-esteem needs as identified in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. At the community level, the HCW needs to be respected and encouraged.
Artificial Chemistries-A Review

This article reviews the growing body of scientific work in artificial chemistry. First, common motivations and fundamental concepts are introduced. Second, current research activities are discussed along three application dimensions: modeling, information processing and optimization. Finally, common phenomena among the different systems are summarized. It is argued here that artificial chemistries are “the right stuff” for the study of pre-biotic and bio-chemical evolution, and they provide a productive framework for questions regarding the origin and evolution of organizations in general. Furthermore, artificial chemistries have a broad application range of practical problems as shown in this review.
The effects of habitat size and productivity on food web structure in small aquatic microcosms

We discuss two mechanisms by which habitat size could affect food web structure: productive space and spatial effects on the persistence of unstable interactions. We assembled communities of bacteria, protozoa, rotifers, microcrustacea and Hydra in laboratory microcosms, and independently manipulated habitat size and total energy input, in order to distinguish between these mechanisms. After 163 d, larger habitats supported food webs with more species, more links per species and longer food chains, even in the absence of differences in total energy input. There were no significant differences in food web structure between energy treatments. Some species' relative abundances were affected by habitat size or energy, but there was no consistent overall pattern of responses. These results do not support the productive space hypothesis, but suggest that spatial effects on the persistence of unstable food webs may be important, although differences in disturbance between different sizes of microcosm may also have been a factor.
Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: order Trichoptera (Insecta), diversity and distribution

Caddisflies are a highly diverse group of aquatic insects, particularly in the Neotropical region where there is a high number of endemic taxa. Based on taxonomic contributions published until August 2019, a total of 796 caddisfly species have been recorded from Brazil. Taxonomic data about Brazilian caddisflies are currently open access at the “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (CTFB), an on-line database with taxonomic information on the animal species occurring in Brazil. The order Trichoptera at CTFB includes a catalog of species recorded for the country, with synonymic lists, distribution throughout six biomes, 12 hydrographic regions, and 27 political states (including Federal District) from Brazil. The database is constantly updated to include newly published data. In this study, we reviewed the taxonomic effort on Brazilian caddisflies based on data currently in CTFB database. The accumulation curve of species described or recorded from the country, by year, shows a strong upward trend in last 25 years, indicating that it is possible that there are many more species to be described. Based on presence/absence of caddisfly species at three geographic levels (biomes, hydrographic regions, and states), second order Jackknife estimated at least 1,586 species occurring in Brazil (with hydrographic regions as unities), indicating we currently know about 50% of the Brazilian caddisfly fauna. Species distribution by Brazilian biomes reveals that the Atlantic Forest is the most diverse, with 490 species (298 endemic), followed by the Amazon Forest, with 255 species (101 endemic). Even though these numbers may be biased because there has been more intense collecting in these two biomes, the percentage of endemic caddisfly species in the Atlantic Forest is remarkable. Considering the distribution throughout hydrographic regions, clustering analyses (UPGMA) based on incidence data reveals two groups: northwestern basins and southeastern. Although these groups have weak bootstrap support and low similarity in species composition, this division of Brazilian caddisfly fauna could be related to Amazon-Atlantic Forest disjunction, with the South American dry diagonal acting as a potential barrier throughout evolutionary time.
Restoring an extirpated species: grizzly bears in the southwestern U.S.A.?

We appraised the biophysical suitability of Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A. , for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis. We extended and integrated existing models of habitat capability and remoteness from humans, and used historical and recent sightings of grizzly bears to calibrate model metrics to our study area conditions. We applied previously published standards or new standards based on established concepts to identify areas productive enough and remote enough from humans to sustain grizzly bears locally, as well as habitat complexes that were capable of supporting robust grizzly bear populations because of large size and high quality. We identified a promising complex of habitat in the south-central part of our study area (the Gila/Mogollon complex) that was larger than 20,000 km, overlapped extensively with oak Quercus spp. dominated vegetation and wapiti Cervus elaphus range, and that otherwise exhibited high suitability. We also used seven socio-economic indicators to assess the potential acceptance of grizzly bears by local human residents as well as the similarity of counties with potential restoration areas to other counties in the U.S.A. currently with grizzly bears.
ENGLISH TEACHING BASED ON INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE PRIMARY YEARS PROGRAMME: TEACHERS’ BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

This paper explores teachers’ beliefs in English teaching for young learners based on International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programe (IB PYP) and examines the interplay their beliefs on instructional practices. The researchers utilize a qualitative method and case study as a research design. Three English teachers at elementary school that implementing IB PYP in Surakarta participated in the study. Data is drawn from semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. For analyzing data, the researchers use an interactive model by Miles and Hubberman. The finding data indicates that most of teachers beliefs consistence with their instructional practices namely beliefs on learning objective, syllabus, classroom methods, instructional material and sources, media and assessment even thought the researcher find discrepancies namely teachers’ beliefs on lesson plan and classroom procedure. Based on this result, the researchers argue that reform in language teacher education need to address factors that hinder teachers from implementing instructions which aligns with their theoretical beliefs. ENGLISH TEACHING BASED ON INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE PRIMARY YEARS PROGRAMME Teachers’ Beliefs And Practices
One Step toward IoT Authentication in Mobile Systems

In the coming era of Internet-of-Things (IoT) scenarios, there will be billions of devices frequently accessing the networks. To leverage the merits of high coverage of very wide areas and the very competitive cost-to-performance ratio, many widely-deployed IoT applications would choose public mobile communication systems as their backbone. Among many challenges of deploying mobile-system-based IoT applications, two of the critical challenges regarding of authenticating the devices is tackled in this paper: the intensive communications between the visited networks and the home networks, and the aggregated authentication overhead issue. In this article, we introduce a range-bound key assignment technique to tackle the challenges. The proposed scheme drastically reduces the communication overhead and greatly strengthens the security robustness. The securities are analyzed and are verified using the AVISPA toolset.
Using Two Level QR Code system for Providing Security to Important Data

-- The Quick Response (QR) codes are optics labels which are machine readable. User can create QR either dynamic or static QR by using Code Generator and download them for immediate use. QR code is used to store the data on to that. QR codes are the way to provide a linking between the Internet and real world products and. QR codes make it so easy to transfer a web link to a mobile. There is a new rich QR code use for data security that has two storage levels. That QR code called two level QR code because it is having two parts. One part is for public data and it is generated by standard process. It can be reads by any application which is standard QR code reader. The second part of QR code is private data and it will generates using texture patterns. These patterns are replaces the black modules of the QR code. Because of using texture patterns, there will be increase capacity of the QR code to store the data as well as user can be check the actual document with the copied documents. Recognizing the patterns is method that can be used to scan the second part of the QR code. It is also use both in shares the private data and to provide the security for data. The capacity QR code is to store the data can be increase by increasing the size of texture pattern
Spinal Anesthesia with a Low Dose of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine plus Fentanyl versus Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Transurethral Resection of Prostate surgery: Hemodynamic Effects, Duration of Analgesia and Motor Block

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the most prevalent anesthetic method used for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) surgery. Lower motor block and fewer side effects can be achieved by lower doses of anesthesia. Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effects of Spinal anesthesia with a low dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine plus fentanyl with hyperbaric bupivacaine for TURP surgery on hemodynamic effects, duration of analgesia, and Motor block. Method: This randomized-controlled study was conducted on 62 patients undergoing TURP surgery within 2017-18. BF group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine(1mg) 0.2 ml+fentanyl (20µg) 0.4 ml+5% dextrose 1.4ml, while B group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10mg)2ml. Bromage scale and Visual Analog Scale of pain and Nausea were used. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software version (20). Results: Groups were homogenous in terms of demographic characteristics. The time to reach the sensory level of T10 was significantly longer in the BF group, compared to the B group (P<0.001). The motor block score was less in the BF group than the B group. The mean total recovery time of the sensory block to L5 in the BF group was significantly lower than that of the BF group (P<0.001). The mean score of nausea severity during surgery was significantly lower in the BF group, compared to the B group (P=0.02). The hemodynamic stability was higher in the BF group. Implications for Practice: A combination of 1mg bupivacaine with 20μg fentanyl could be used for anesthesia in TURP surgery as an effective method to provide sufficient analgesic effects, as well as lower motor block and side effects.
WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS & ECONOMETRICS Innovation Contracts with Leakage Through Licensing

In this paper a Developer contracts with a Researcher for the production of a nondrastic innovation. Since effort is non-contractible, the Developer offers an incentive contract dependent on the observed magnitude of the innovation. It is shown that the distribution of intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership does not affect the level of effort exerted for innovations where the Developer would choose to license the innovation to its competitors. This is because the possibility of leakage of the innovation through licensing subsidies the Developer’s payment when IPR is delegated to the Researcher, while at the same time eroding its profit.
Study of Different Operating Parameters on Seed Holding in the Single Seed Metering Unit

Aims: The present study was conducted to determine the “Effect of Different Operating Parameters on Seed Holding in the Single Seed Metering Unit”. Study Design: An attempt was made to development seed metering unit and evaluated for its performance with battery drive i.e. seed rate, seed holding ratio, single seed holding ratio, double seed holding ratio and missing index. The shapes of cells speed of seed plate and number of cells on seed plate were chosen as parameters. A factorial completely randomised design used for analysis of variance. Results: At the end of the research, it was found that the cell’s shape, peripheral velocity and number of cells on seed plate had an effect on the seed holding ratio (SHR) at a significant level of 5% (P<0.05). The diameter and thickness of the seed metering plates were 100 and 8 mm respectively. The hopper was of the trapezoidal section with height of 12.5 cm , volume 3510 cm 3 and thickness of material of 2.5 mm. For maize seed variety: Tulasi Naga If the velocity of seed plate increases then seed holding ratio decreases, seed holding ratio also decreased with increase in number of cells on seed plate. Oblong shape with extension was suitable for these seeds. For maize seed variety: Goodrej Ultra when the velocity of seed plate increased then seed holding ratio Original Research Article Babu et al.; CJAST, 39(27): 58-70, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 55746 59 decreased, seed holding ratio also decreased with increase in number of cells on seed plate. Oblong shape was suitable for these seeds. For maize seed variety: Laxmi 2277 seed holding ratio increased with increase in velocity of seed plate, seed holding ratio also increased with increase in number of cells on seed plate. Oblong shape was suitable for these seeds. Conclusion: The highest and least value of seed holding ratio is 94% at a speed of 30 rpm in shape 2(6 and 7 cells) and 31% at a speed of 30 rpm in shape 1(7 cells), 39% at a speed of 26 rpm in shape 2(6 cells) and 12% at a speed of 30 rpm in shape 1(7 cells), 45% at a speed of 26 rpm in shape 1(6 cells) and 6%at a speed of 30 rpm in shape 2(7 cells) for laxmi, goodrej and tulasi variety of seeds respectively.
Salinity mapping using geopedologic

Salinization is the process of accumulation of soluble salts in the soils which may be caused by groundwater rise due to improper land use practices in dry lands. It is well known that salt concentration in soil has negative impact on crop growth which results in reduced crop yield. Thus it is necessary to timely detect the process for monitoring and combating purposes. In order to map soil salinity in an efficient way a step-wise approach is proposed using remote sensing and topographic data. The area is first subjected to geomorphic analysis for which a stereo-model is generated using satellite data and digital elevation model derived from interpolating contours lines. The second step is application of band rotation technique to transform near-infrared and red spectral bands to derive soil line. Soil line minimizes vegetation influence while maximizing spectral response from bare soil. Soil line values were used to map soil salinity levels. For the purpose of validation soil line values were correlated with topsoil conductivity measurements. Geopedologic modeling gave overall view of the depth wherein salinization is active. This approach is simple and can be considered very efficient in mapping soil salinity.
Rodent cycles in relation to food resources on an alpine heath

Populations of microtine rodents in Lapland, N Sweden, show strong cyclic fluctuations. We examine relations between the density of rodents and their food resources during two four-year cycles on alpine heath. The grey-sided vole Clethrionomys rufocanus, the most common species, varied more than 100-fold in density between peak and bottom years. Breeding ceased earlier in peak than in increase years. The voles weighed 26-44% more in peak years than during the declines or early increase phases. Breeding in C. rutilus and Microtus oeconomus followed a similar pattern. Lemmus lemmus, however, reproduced longer than the other species during peak years. Reduction in the quantity of available food through grazing was rejected as a proximate cause for the rodent cycles. During the second population peak, voles ceased breeding and began to decline while preferred food plants were still abundant. Nor was there any consistent relationship between plant nutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg, K, C) and the rodent cycle. Nutrient levels in food plants seemed to depend mainly on processes other than rodent grazing. Hence, factors other than food quantity and nutrient levels seemed to be important in the short-term causation of the cycles. Exclosure experiments showed that rodents markedly reduced the phytomass of several plants, influenced the species composition of the alpine heath, and reduced the flowering frequency of food plants.
Tuning in to the radio environment of HD189733b

Abstract The hot Jupiter HD189733b is expected to be a source of strong radio emission, due to its close proximity to its magnetically active host star. Here, we model the stellar wind of its host star, based on reconstructed surface stellar magnetic field maps. We use the local stellar wind properties at the planetary orbit obtained from our models to compute the expected radio emission from the planet. Our findings show that the planet emits with a peak flux density within the detection capabilities of LOFAR. However, due to absorption by the stellar wind itself, this emission may be attenuated significantly. We show that the best time to observe the system is when the planet is near primary transit of the host star, as the attenuation from the stellar wind is lowest in this region.