Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From past to present : heritage and conflict : modern promenades in the Acropolis

This paper wishes to inspect views towards heritage in periods of conflict. The aim is to compare how notions over heritage monuments are renegotiated during periods of war and other conflict situations. An example for this examination will be the monument of the Acropolis, one of the most profound symbols of World Heritage. The analysis will follow two directions: the theoretical analysis of every different viewpoint in selected case studies and their comparison to reveal the complexity of the issue of heritage, in various periods of modern history. One case study will be the battle of Athens by the Greeks (March 1822), when the besiegers avoided to attack the Acropolis to save the Parthenon, while some Athenians entreated them to destroy the Acropolis -the place where the Ottoman military lurked (Voutier 1823). Their suggestion was that after the establishment of the Greek state, the new sculptors and architects would cover the loss. The second example will be the battle of Athens (December 1944), one of the first incidents that led to the Greek Civil War. During this fight the monuments of the Acropolis were used as a stronghold by the E.D. E.S. (National Democratic Greek Association) alongside the British allies that came to its aid against E.A.M.(National Liberation Front). During this civil war conflict the perception of heritage gave way to an interpretation of the hill as a strategic vantage point. The third example will be placed at the end of the conflict, in the imminent period afterwards. The use of the World Heritage site as a means of conversion for the defeated of the Civil War, towards the new national narrative. The actual locus point is transferred to the exile island of Makronissos, in which the material replicas of the Parthenon and other monuments lay, examples of another use of the monuments in periods of conflict. By revealing this constantly changing and perpetually renegotiated views on heritage, the question of heritage could be approached from a different wiewpoint. It could be argued that in periods of conflict, heritage becomes valuable and elusive at the same time. What in times of peace would be interpreted as heritage, it is considered otherwise in conflicted situations… The paper wishes to suggest that the promotion of such attitudes in heritage narrations could be considered as a valuable addition to the discussion.
IMPACT OF INNOVATION ON EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Small and medium-sized enterprises are the “driving force” of modern economies because of the contribution which is reflected in employment, increased exports, dynamics of competition, etc. New and existing innovative SMEs increase overall productivity and competitiveness of the economy, squeezing out less efficient enterprises with lower productivity. By constructing an appropriate econometric model, this paper shows that the income of SMEs significantly depends only on the number of employees in a particular enterprise, not on innovation and the number of employees in research and development areas. The results obtained prove that innovative SMEs do not create more jobs and do not generate higher income compared to non-innovative SMEs in the Republic of Serbia.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF MARKET ORIENTATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AT SEPAH BANK BRANCHES IN ARDABIL

The main purpose of this study is surveying the relative importance of Market orientation dimensions on business performance. We determined the amount of the sample size with the used of Cochran sampling method which the statistical sample is 108 of employees at Sepah bank branches in Ardabil which have been selected through the simple random sampling method. To gathering of data, we used two questionnaires. All the reliability and validity of measures has examined. K.S test shows that all variables are normal distribution. We used Relative Importance method to analyze the research hypothesis. Findings show that all three hypotheses have confirmed. So, we can say market orientation dimensions are not equally important in explanation of business performance. Also, in the dependent variable (customer performance), coordination task has the highest priority with 42.3 percent, and in the market performance, Competitor Orientation has the highest priority with 24.7 percent, and finally, in the financial performance, Coordination Task has the highest priority with 61.8 percent. In the evaluation of market orientation relative importance in business performance; customer performance has the highest priority among other dimensions of market orientation in Sepah
The application of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method in microbial screening

A rapid microbial screening method was developed based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). To evaluate the repeatability and reliability of this system, three DGGE markers were used. Then, the feasibility of DGGE method was verified by microbial screenings in viili (a traditional fermented dairy product originated from Scandinavia) and sourdoughs. The results suggested that, this method could efficiently classify the duplicate strains isolated from the complex environment and identify their dominance in microbial ecology if the corresponding environment samples had been provided. This paper proposed the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-DGGE method in reducing the complicated work in microorganism identifications or even directly identified the target strains if a proper DGGE marker had been applied.
Monitoring Local Comprehension Monitoring in Sentence Reading

Abstract. Comprehension monitoring is considered a key issue in current debates on ways to improve children' reading comprehension. However, processes and mechanisms underlying this skill are currently not well understood. This article describes one of the first attempts to study comprehension monitoring using eye-tracking methodology. Students in fifth grade were asked to read sentences for comprehension while also checking whether the meaning of the sentence was generally correct or incorrect. Items required the processing of conjunctive relations between two clauses that were either causally consistent or inconsistent. In addition, the polarity of the relation was varied by replacing the conjunction “because” with “although, ” creating an additional level of processing difficulty. Inconsistency played a minor role and was dominated by polarity effects that were also modulated by the correctness of the answer. The present task represents an effective tool to study local comprehension monitoring and highlights the importance of conjunctive relations for maintaining textual coherence during reading.
Key HRM strategies for M&A integration in the global banking industry: a comparative study of the USA, Europe and South America

Based on in-depth interviews with over ten major banks and financial corporations in the USA, Europe, and South America, this paper identifies the main reasons for the more effective post-merger integration strategy of European and South American banks than that of their US counterparts. Overall, we found that human resource managers are essential to the M&A integration process in Europe and South America owing to the influence of labour laws in those regions. In particular, substantial differences were noted in the retention strategy and negotiation process regarding compensation between the USA and both European and South American banks.
The International Pulsar Timing Array project: using pulsars as a gravitational wave detector

The International Pulsar Timing Array project combines observations of pulsars from both northern and southern hemisphere observatories with the main aim of detecting ultra-low frequency (∼ 10−9–10−8 Hz) gravitational waves. Here we introduce the project, review the methods used to search for gravitational waves emitted from coalescing supermassive binary black-hole systems in the centres of merging galaxies and discuss the status of the project.
Technological and cost comparison of cytochrome P450 2B6 (516G>T) genotyping methods in routine clinical practice

Pharmacogenetics requires robust and affordable tests to determine genetic variability. This study compares three genotyping methods: gene re-sequencing, real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allelic discrimination and PCR-RFLP for the detection of a genetic variation (516G>T) in the gene which codes for the enzyme, CYP2B6, the main enzyme in the metabolic pathway of the antiretroviral drug, efavirenz. The CYP2B6 (516G>T) variant has reduced metabolic capacity. Twenty (20) samples obtained from human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) positive patients on an efavirenz containing regimen were used to establish whether these methods produce the same CYP2B6 genotype results on the same samples. Results were directly compared for concordance and revealed a 100% correlation with all three methods. Comparison for cost of equipment and reagents required for each method revealed an order of: sequencing > real time-PCR > PCR-RFLP. This study demonstrates the reproducibility of these three methods and provides an opportunity for the clinical applicability in routine clinical practice.
A stochastic sediment supply model for a semi-arid landscape

We investigated the surficial processes that deliver sediment from hillslopes into channels in a mediterranean landscape and determined how these processes are controlled by climate and landscape characteristics (e.g. topography, vegetation). Watersheds in semi-arid regions of the United States are subject to a variety of disturbances, including grazing, fires, and vegetation cover changes and, while the consequences of sediment loading are well documented, presently our ability to predict the spatial and temporal pattern of delivery is poor. The processes that we have investigated are: shallow landslides, overland flow, dry ravel, and bioturbation. Through field experiments and monitoring, we have developed physically-based transport equations for each individual process. These transport equations are used as the governing equations for a computer model, driven by random sequences of rainstorms and fires, that predicts the spatial and temporal patterns of sediment delivery. As downstream problems become more closely linked to watershed conditions and perturbations, this type of fundamental research is relevant to issues such as the health of riverine ecosystems and the siltation of reservoirs. We anticipate that our fieldwork and modeling results will help land managers estimate the influx of sediment from surface processes according to different land-use practices.
Filters Modified ComplementarySplit-Ring Resonator Geometries with Face to Face Orientations in Substrate Integrated Waveguide for Applications as Band Pass

Novel face to face oriented square complementary split-ring resonators in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) have been proposed and discussed. In the proposed structures the inner loop of the conventional CSRR is replaced by square and triangular slots. Like the conventional CSRRs, the proposed structures allow the implementation of a forward-wave passband which is propagating below the characteristic cutoff frequency of the waveguide. The proposed designs have the advantages of the better pass band and enhanced bandwidth compared to conventional CSRR for applications in miniaturized waveguide bandpass filters.
From Shocks to Waves: Hegemonic Transitions and Democratization in the Twentieth Century

Abstract What causes democratic waves? This article puts forward a theory of institutional waves that focuses on the effects of systemic transformations. It argues that abrupt shifts in the distribution of power among leading states create unique and powerful incentives for sweeping domestic reforms. A variety of statistical tests reveals strong support for the idea that shifts in hegemonic power have shaped waves of democracy, fascism, and communism in the twentieth century, independent of domestic factors or horizontal diffusion. These “hegemonic shocks” produce windows of opportunity for external regime imposition, enable rising powers to rapidly expand networks of trade and patronage, and inspire imitators by credibly revealing hidden information about relative regime effectiveness to foreign audiences. I outline these mechanisms of coercion, influence, and emulation that connect shocks to waves, empirically test their relationship, and illustrate the theory with two case studies—the wave of democratic transitions after World War I, and the fascist wave of the late interwar period. In sum, democracy in the twentieth century cannot be fully understood without examining the effects of hegemonic shocks.
Evaluation of different Vietnamese soils as potential source of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum in Capsicum frutescens

Consumption of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.) represents an important aspect of the daily diet for Vietnamese population because of its high content for antioxidant compounds. To increase the economic benefits related to chili peppers cultivation and reduce negative impacts of the high input agriculture on the environment, biological alternatives to chemical fertilizers are strongly demanded. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well-known soil microorganisms of great interest for their potential application in agriculture as ‘bioenhancers’ of plant performance. However selection of suitable AMF strains is time-costing and the outcome of field inoculation can be affected by the weak ability to compete among the native AMF population. In the present study we proposed a “bulk” approach to identify soil hosting AMF strains suitable for the development of inocula for C. frutescens. Three different soils were tested as source of AMF inoculum in bi-compartmented pot cultures. All the inoculated treatments performed significantly better, in terms of plant growth, compared with the noninoculated control plants. Pots inoculated with soil from tropical forest showed the best growth performances. Molecular characterization of the AMF root assemblages highlighted differences in the composition among treatments, with the “tropical forest soil” treatment characterized by the highest number of AMF taxa colonizing the roots.
Study on the Impact of Technological Innovation Capabilities on Competitive Advantage and Firm Performance in the Automotive Industry in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework

This paper focuses on applying the resource-based view (RBV) of firms to explain performance in the automotive industry in Malaysia. Specifically, we based our research on the comprehensive framework of RBV and reviewed previous empirical researchers to investigate the relationship between technological innovation capabilities (TIC), competitive advantage and firm performance in the automotive industry in Malaysia. The conceptual model using Partial Least Squares (PLS) has been proposed. Based on the proposed conceptual framework and reviewed, research hypotheses are being developed. The conceptual framework of this paper will be used at the preliminary stage of the research on TIC that can be expected to contribute in the development of automotive industry in Malaysia.
Work(ing) Dynamics of Migrant Networking among Poles Employed in Hospitality and Food Production

Recent studies of migrants provide us with an understanding of their social relations beyond work; however, workplace networking practices among migrants, particularly as they are mediated by their jobs and their working environment, has not been addressed as a substantive subject. Drawing on two studies of Poles, working in hospitality and food production, which utilized interviews, participant observation, netnography and a survey, this paper examines how occupational and organizational factors, including the nature of work and the characteristics of the workplace, impact upon migrants' intra- and inter-group relations. Furthermore, the data are used to consider how migrants ‘work’ (ie, utilize and exploit) the dynamics of the work(place) to facilitate their networking. We distinguish between task, spatial and related temporal dimensions affecting their interactions, arguing that such a conceptual lens is necessary for understanding migrants' networking strategies.
Conceptualizing Humor in Advertising: The Moderating Role of Self-Monitoring

This research paper explores the mediating role of attitude towards the advertisement and attitude towards the brand, and moderating role of self-monitoring in the relationships between perceived humor in the advertisement and purchase intention of the customer. Survey data was collected from 209 individuals after showing advertisements. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and macro developed by Preacher and Hays have been used to test moderation and mediation effect in the hypothesized model. A good fit between the data and tested model was observed. As predicted, purchase intention was positively related to perceived humor and full mediation effect has been found. The moderating role of self-monitoring has also been supported by the data. The findings are particularly salient for national and multinational media agencies in Pakistan as well in the other parts of the world.
Exercise immunology: involved components and varieties in different types of physical exercise

Physical exercise induces modifications in the immune system influencing either positively or negatively on health depending on its frequency, duration, and intensity. Acute or moderate physical exercise increases appreciably the immune cells, including cytokine levels while decreasing other components like NK cells, leading to a stronger response to pathogens as well as decreasing liability to allergic reactions. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) is elevated as well, augmenting the positive effect. Exhaustive physical exercise, by contrast, modifies the immune system adversely. This review explores the links between physical exercise, immune cells and cytokines, and the immunological effects that have been studied by the performance of different kinds of physical exercise.
Soil Erosion Dynamics on the Chinese Loess Plateau in the Last 10,000 Years

Abstract Soil erosion assessment and prediction play critical roles in addressing problems associated with erosion control and environmental rehabilitation. The past dynamics of soil erosion can provide information valuable for understanding the relation of soil erosion to environmental change and anthropogenic activity. The Chinese Loess Plateau was once a high, flat plain in northwestern China, but now more than 70% of the area is gully-hill dominated, owing to massive soil erosion during the later Quaternary and human-induced accelerated soil erosion in recent centuries. The present article investigates the dynamics of erosion during the Holocene and the driving forces of human activities and bio-climatic changes. Modern soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is a combination of intensive natural erosion and human-induced erosion, the latter being 4 times as intense as the former.
Molecular taxonomy, origins and evolution of freshwater ascomycetes

Fungi are the most diverse and ecologically important group of eukaryotes with the majority occurring in terrestrial habitats. Even though fewer numbers have been isolated from freshwater habitats, fungi growing on submerged substrates exhibit great diversity, belonging to widely differing lineages. Fungal biodiversity surveys in the tropics have resulted in a marked increase in the numbers of fungi known from aquatic habitats. Furthermore, dominant fungi from aquatic habitats have been isolated only from this milieu. This paper reviews research that has been carried out on tropical lignicolous freshwater ascomycetes over the past decade. It illustrates their diversity and discusses their role in freshwater habitats. This review also questions, why certain ascomycetes are better adapted to freshwater habitats. Their ability to degrade waterlogged wood and superior dispersal/ attachment strategies give freshwater ascomycetes a competitive advantage in freshwater environments over their terrestrial counterparts. Theories regarding the origin of freshwater ascomycetes have largely been based on ecological findings. In this study, phylogenetic analysis is used to establish their evolutionary origins. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) sequences coupled with bayesian relaxed-clock methods are used to date the origin of freshwater fungi and also test their relationships with their terrestrial counterparts. Phylogenies indicate that freshwater ascomycetes have evolved from terrestrial fungi and appear to occur in only three classes. The adaptation to populate freshwater substrates has occurred in several lineages. The earliest possible date, when fungi became adapted to freshwater habitation is estimated at 390 million years ago (MYA).
A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship

Despite long held understanding of the strong associations among delinquency, age, and delinquent peer association, examination of the interrelationship among these three factors remains largely unaddressed. Drawing on research concerning the age/peer link and the significance of peer relations for specific offenses, we employ data from the National Youth Survey (NYS) to examine the interactive relationship between age and peer associations on delinquency. Specifically, we hypothesize that there is a differential effect of delinquent peer associations among older versus younger youths, but that this effect will be present only for substance abuse-related offenses due to the importance and “stickiness” of peer associations for these types of offending. The authors call for greater attention to theoretically specifying and explaining the age/peer relationship and its link to specific types of delinquency.
A hadronic scenario for HESS J1818-154

Aims. G15.4+0.1 is a faint supernova remnant (SNR) that has recently been associated with the γ-ray source HESS J1818–154. We investigate a hadronic scenario for the production of the γ-ray emission. Methods. Molecular 13 CO (J = 1–0) taken from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS) and neutral hydrogen (HI) data from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS) have been used in combination with new 1420 MHz radio continuum observations carried out with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Results. From the new observations and analysis of archival data we provided for the first time a reliable estimate for the distance to the SNR G15.4+0.1 and discovered molecular clouds located at the same distance. On the basis of HI absorption features, we estimate the distance to G15.4+ 0.1 in 4.8± 1.0 kpc. The 13 CO observations clearly show a molecular cloud about 5 � in size with two bright clumps, labeled A and B, clump A positionally associated with the location of HESS J1818–154 and clump B in coincidence with the brightest northern border of the radio SNR shell. The HI absorption and the 13 CO emission study indicates a possible interaction between the molecular material and the remnant. We estimate the masses and densities of the molecular gas as (1.2 ± 0.5) × 10 3 M� (a)