Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversible switching between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity.

Wettability is a very important property that is governed by both chemical composition and surface structure. Recently, the control of surface wettability has aroused great interest because of its wide variety of applications. In general, superhydrophobic surfaces with a water contact angle (CA) greater than 1508 can be obtained by controlling the topography of hydrophobic surfaces, while superhydrophilic surfaces with a CA about 08 can be realized through a 3D or 2D capillary effect on hydrophilic surfaces. Stimuli-responsive surfaces make it possible to reversibly control the wettability of the surface and has been demonstrated by various methods, including light-irradiation, 12] use of an electric field, 14] thermal treatment and treatment with solvent. However, reversible switching between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity has never been reported. Herein we show the roughness-enhanced thermally responsive wettability of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-modified surface. 18] Reversible switching between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity can be achieved in a narrow temperature range of about 10 8C, which is considered to result from the combined effect of the chemical variation of the surface, and surface roughness. Such switchable surfaces may have wide applications in functional textiles, intelligent microfluidic switching, controllable drug release, and thermally responsive filters. Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization 20] was used to fabricate thermally responsive PNIPAAm thin films on both a flat and a rough silicon substrate. Results from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the thickness of the PNIPAAm thin film could be well controlled by the polymerization time. Figure 1a (left) shows a typical SEM image of a rough substrate that has been modified with a PNIPAAm thin film. Compared with the smooth surface (Figure 1a right) of the flat substrate, the rough substrate exhibits a regular array of square silicon microconvexes (bright squares). The dark lines are microgrooves that are about 6 mm in width and about 5 mm in depth. These microgrooves were generated by a laser cutter (see Experimental Section) on a silicon wafer in a region of about 1 : 1 cm. The surface roughness can be adjusted by controlling the spacing between the grooves. In our experiments, different groove spacings of about 31 mm, 18 mm, 8 mm, and 6 mm were selected. The magnified image of the rough surface shows that both microconvexes and microgrooves were also rather rough (Figure 1b). Further magnified SEM images of the silicon microconvexes before (Figure 1c) and after (Figure 1d) PNIPAAm polymerization show that these
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration in routine care – plenty of benign results and follow‐up tests

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is a widespread technique for tissue sampling from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (LN). The diagnostic yield of this method is reported to be very high even outside clinical trials. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS‐TBNA after its implementation at a University hospital.
Experiments on neural net recognition of spoken and written text

The problems are discussed of the recognition of handprinted and spoken digits and the handprinted and spoken English alphabet. Four such experiments were conducted and the results were compared to a conventional nearest-neighbor classifier trained on the same data. Results indicate that neural networks and nearest-neighbor classifiers perform at near the same level of accuracy. For each task, a critical number of neurons can be determined experimentally which yields highest recognition accuracy with least hardware. This number can also measure the classification efficiency of the input feature encoder. Several techniques for optimizing the performance of layered networks are discussed. A constant level added to the input signal biases patterns into the range where the learning rate is highest. Eliminating near-zero weights after learning results in little loss of accuracy. Finally, a novel handwriting encoder is described. >
Pancreatite aguda: etiologia, apresentação clínica e tratamento

A pancreatite aguda e uma inflamacao pancreatica que pode determinar sindrome de resposta inflamatoria sistemica acarretando significativa morbidade e mortalidade em 20% dos pacientes. Colelitiase e etilismo sao as causas mais frequentes. Na maioria dos casos, as apresentacoes sao brandas e tratadas com suporte clinico. Ja os casos graves necessitam de cuidado especializado e intervencao cirurgica. O emprego de antibioticoterapia profilatica e o uso da CPRE, nos casos de etiologia biliar, ainda continuam controversos.
Quantum mechanical calculation of ejected electron spectra for ion-atom collisions

We present a quantum mechanical method for calculating the ejected electron probability distribution in ion-atom collisions. The time-dependent Schr? dinger equation, formulated with a classical straight-line trajectory for the internuclear motion, is integrated directly on a two-centre momentum space grid. The time-dependent wavefunction at large internuclear separation is analysed to extract the ejected momentum distribution as well as excitation and charge transfer amplitudes. Calculations have been performed at collision velocities of 1, 2 and 5 au for proton and antiproton collisions with atomic hydrogen, at a few impact parameters. Excitation and charge transfer probabilities are also calculated to check against results obtained from the close-coupling method. The ejected electron momentum distributions are shown.
Formulaic Language in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: Complementary Effects of Subcortical and Cortical Dysfunction.

PURPOSE The production of formulaic expressions (conversational speech formulas, pause fillers, idioms, and other fixed expressions) is excessive in the left hemisphere and deficient in the right hemisphere and in subcortical stroke. Speakers with Alzheimer's disease (AD), having functional basal ganglia, reveal abnormally high proportions of formulaic language. Persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), having dysfunctional basal ganglia, were predicted to show impoverished formulaic expressions in contrast to speakers with AD. This study compared participants with PD, participants with AD, and healthy control (HC) participants on protocols probing production and comprehension of formulaic expressions. METHOD Spontaneous speech samples were recorded from 16 individuals with PD, 12 individuals with AD, and 18 HC speakers. Structured tests were then administered as probes of comprehension. RESULTS The PD group had lower proportions of formulaic expressions compared with the AD and HC groups. Comprehension testing yielded opposite contrasts: participants with PD showed significantly higher performance compared with participants with AD and did not differ from HC participants. CONCLUSIONS The finding that PD produced lower proportions of formulaic expressions compared with AD and HC supports the view that subcortical nuclei modulate the production of formulaic expressions. Contrasting results on formal testing of comprehension, whereby participants with AD performed significantly worse than participants with PD and HC participants, indicate differential effects on procedural and declarative knowledge associated with these neurological conditions.
Previous prescription of &bgr;-blockers is associated with reduced mortality among patients hospitalized in intensive care units for sepsis*

Objectives: Results from basic science and narrative reviews suggest a potential role of &bgr;-blockers in patients with sepsis. Although the hypothesis is physiologically appealing, it could be seen as clinically counterintuitive. We sought to assess whether patients previously prescribed chronic &bgr;-blocker therapy had a different mortality rate than those who did not receive treatment. Setting: Record linkage of administrative databases of Italian patients hospitalized for sepsis during years 2003–2008 were identified and followed up for all-cause mortality at 28 days. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: We identified 9,465 patients aged ≥40 yrs who were hospitalized in critical care units for sepsis. Of these, 1,061 patients were on chronic prescription with &bgr;-blockers and 8404 were not previously treated. Despite a higher risk profile, patients previously prescribed with &bgr;-blockers had lower mortality at 28 days (188/1061 [17.7%]) than those previously untreated (1857/8404 [22.1%]) (odds ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.93; p = .005 for unadjusted analysis, and odds ratio 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.68–0.97; p = .025 for adjusted analyses). Sensitivity and pair-matched results confirm the primary findings. Conclusions: As far as we are aware, this pharmacoepidemiologic assessment is the largest to examine the potential association of previous &bgr;-blocker prescription and mortality in patients with sepsis. Chronic prescription of &bgr;-blockers may confer a survival advantage to patients who subsequently develop sepsis with organ dysfunction and who are admitted to an intensive care unit. Prospective randomized clinical trials should formally test this hypothesis.
The effect of mechanical deformation on spiral turbulence

The behavior of spiral turbulence in mechanically deformed excitable media is investigated. Numerical simulations show that when the forcing frequency is chosen around the characteristic frequency of the system, complicated spiral turbulence may be quenched within a shorter evolution time, compared to the case free of mechanical deformation. It is shown that the observed phenomenon occurs due to enhancing the drift of spiral tips induced by mechanical deformation.
Niche Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Endosteum

During postnatal life, the bone marrow (BM) supports both the self‐renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in specialized niches. The interaction of HSCs with their niches also regulates the quiescence of HSCs. HSC quiescence is critical to ensure lifelong hematopoiesis and to protect the HSC pool from myelotoxic insult and premature exhaustion under conditions of hematopoietic stress. Here we identified long‐term (LT)‐HSCs expressing the thrombopoietin (THPO) receptor, Mpl, as a quiescent population in adult BM. THPO was produced by bone‐lining cells in the endosteum. Inhibition and stimulation of the THPO/Mpl pathway produced opposite effects on the quiescence of LT‐HSC. Exogenous THPO transiently increased the quiescent LT‐HSC population, such as side‐population and pyronin Y–negative cells. In contrast, administration of an anti‐Mpl neutralizing antibody, AMM2, suppressed the quiescence of LT‐HSCs and enabled HSC engraftment without irradiation, indicating that inhibition of THPO/Mpl signaling reduces HSC–niche interactions. Moreover, it suggests that inhibiting the HSC–niche interaction could represent a novel technique for bone marrow transplantation without irradiation. Altogether, these data suggest that the THPO/Mpl signaling pathway is a novel niche component in the endosteum, and in the steady‐state condition, this signaling pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of LT‐HSCs in the osteoblastic niche.
Stochastic quantum molecular dynamics

An approach to correlated dynamics of quantum nuclei and electrons both in dynamical interaction with external environments is presented. This stochastic quantum molecular dynamics rests on a theorem that establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the total ensemble-averaged current density of interacting nuclei and electrons and a given external vector potential. The theory allows for a first-principles description of phenomena previously inaccessible via standard quantum molecular dynamics such as electronic and nuclear relaxation in photochemistry, dissipative correlated electron-ion dynamics in intense laser fields, nuclear dephasing, etc. As a demonstration of the approach, we discuss the rotational relaxation of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile in a uniform bath in the limit of classical nuclei.
The interaction of acoustic radiation with turbulence

We derive expressions for the spectral emissivity and absorptivity of acoustic radiation by low Mach number (M ≪ 1) turbulent fluids. The emissivity and absorptivity depend on the manner in which the turbulence is excited. We consider three types of turbulence. The first is free turbulence, that is, turbulence which is not subject to external forces. The second and third examples are special cases of forced turbulence, turbulence maintained by stirring with spoons and turbulent pseudoconvection. Acoustic quadrupoles are the lowest order acoustic multipoles present in free turbulence, and they control both its emissivity and absorptivity. Acoustic dipoles are created in forced turbulence, and they enhance the acoustic emissivity by M^(-2) compared to that of free turbulence. The acoustic absorptivity of forced turbulence is quite subtle. The absorptivity of turbulence which is maintained by stirring is dominated by acoustic dipoles and exceeds that of free turbulence by M^(-2). The dipole absorptivity of turbulent pseudoconvection is reduced by M^2 below that of turbulence maintained by stirring. Thus, the absorptivity of turbulent pseudoconvection is no larger than that of free turbulence. We apply our results to estimate the equilibrium energies of the acoustic modes in a box filled with fluid some of which is turbulent. For both free turbulence and turbulence maintained by stirring, the most highly excited acoustic modes attain energies E ~ Mv^2, where M and v are the typical mass and velocity of an energy bearing eddy. The quality factors, or Q's, of the modes are larger by M^(-2) in the former case than in the latter. For turbulent pseudoconvection, the most energetic acoustic modes have equilibrium energies E ~ Mc^2 , where c is the sound speed. Their Q's are comparable to those of modes in equilibrium with free turbulence. We evaluate the scattering of acoustic radiation by turbulent fluids. For all types of turbulence, the scattering opacity is smaller by M^3 than the absorptive opacity for frequencies near the peak of the acoustic spectrum. Radiation scattered by free turbulence and turbulent pseudoconvection suffers frequency shifts Δω ~ ω. The frequency shifts are much smaller, Δω ~ Mω, for radiation scattered by turbulence maintained by stirring. We investigate the rate at which nonlinear interactions transfer energy among the acoustic modes. If all of the fluid in the box is turbulent, this rate is slower, by M^3 for free turbulence, by M^5 for turbulence maintained by stirring, and by M for turbulent pseudoconvection, than the rate at which the individual acoustic modes exchange energy with the turbulence. If only a small portion of the fluid is turbulent, the nonlinear mode interactions can be significant, especially for modes in equilibrium with turbulent pseudoconvection. Our results have potential applications to the acoustic radiation in regions of extended turbulence which often arise in nature. In particular, they should prove useful in understanding the excitation of solar oscillations.
Innovating Mindfully with Information Technology

Although organizational innovation with information technology is often carefully considered, bandwagon phenomena indicate that much innovative behavior may nevertheless be of the "me too" variety. In this essay, we explore such differences in innovative behavior. Adopting a perspective that is both institutional and cognitive, we introduce the notion of mindful innovation with IT. A mindful firm attends to an IT innovation with reasoning grounded in its own organizational facts and specifics. We contrast this with mindless innovation, where a firm's actions betray an absence of such attention and grounding. We develop these concepts by drawing on the recent appearance of the idea of mindfulness in the organizational literature, and adapting it for application to IT innovation. We then bring mindfulness and mindlessness together in a larger theoretical synthesis in which these apparent opposites are seen to interact in ways that help to shape the overall landscape of opportunity for organizational innovation with IT. We conclude by suggesting several promising new research directions.
Evaluationof a DirectFluorometricMethodfor Determinationof Serum Retinol

11.Battaini F, Peterkofsky A. Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine, an endogenous brain peptide that inhibits (Na + K)-ATPase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980;94:240-7. 12. Morley JE, Levin AS, Prasad C. Histidyl-proline diketopiperasine decreasesfood intake in rats. Brain Rae 1981;210:475-8. 13. Mont M, Malilk T, Prasad C, Wilber JF. Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine cyclo (His-Pro): measurement by radioim-
The genetic transformation of bone biology.

The skeleton, like every organ, has specific developmental and functional characteristics that define its identity in biologic and pathologic terms. Skeleton is composed of multiple elements of various shapes and origins spread throughout the body. Most of these skeletal elements are formed by two different tissues, cartilage and bone, and each of these two tissues has its own specific cell types: the chondrocyte in cartilage, and the osteoblast and osteoclast in bone. Finally, each of these cell types has its own differentiation pathway, physiological functions, and therefore pathological conditions. The complexity of this organ in terms of developmental biology, physiology, and pathology, along with the multitude of important conceptual advances in our understanding of skeletal biology, are such that it has become impossible to present in a short review an up-to-date summary of both cartilage and bone biology. Thus, this review will concentrate only on bone biology beyond embryonic patterning. The entire bone field is dominated by the impact of degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis. This mere fact does influence the research in bone biology and will influence the topics presented in this review. It is no surprise that, like for most other organogenesis pro
Characterization of a novel inhibitory feedback of the anti‐anti‐sigma SpoIIAA on Spo0A activation during development in Bacillus subtilis

Compartmentalized gene expression during sporulation is initiated after asymmetric division by cell‐specific activation of the transcription factors σF and σE. Synthesis of these σ factors, and their regulatory proteins, requires the activation (phosphorylation) of Spo0A by the phosphorelay signalling system. We report here a novel regulatory function of the anti‐anti‐σF SpoIIAA as inhibitor of Spo0A activation. This effect did not require σF activity, and it was abolished by expression of the phosphorelay‐independent form Spo0A‐Sad67 indicating that SpoIIAA directly interfered with Spo0A∼P generation. IPTG‐directed synthesis of the SpoIIE phosphatase in a strain carrying a multicopy plasmid coding for SpoIIAA and its specific inhibitory kinase SpoIIAB blocked Spo0A activation suggesting that the active form of the inhibitor was SpoIIAA and not SpoIIAA‐P. Furthermore, expression of the non‐phosphorylatable mutant SpoIIAAS58A (SpoIIAA‐like), but not SpoIIAAS58D (SpoIIAA‐P‐like), completely blocked Spo0A‐dependent gene expression. Importantly, SpoIIAA expressed from the chromosome under the control of its normal spoIIA promoter showed the same negative effect regulated not only by SpoIIAB and SpoIIE but also by septum morphogenesis. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential contribution of this novel inhibitory feedback with the proper activation of σF and σE during development.
The Headscarf Effect Revisited: Further Evidence for a Culture-Based Internal Face Processing Advantage

Encoding the internal features of unfamiliar faces poses a perceptual challenge that occasionally results in face recognition errors. Extensive experience with faces framed by a headscarf may, however, enhance perceivers' ability to process internal facial information. To examine this claim empirically, participants in the United Arab Emirates and the United States of America completed a standard part–whole face recognition task. Accuracy on the task was examined using a 2 (perceiver culture: Emirati vs American) x 2 (face race: Arab vs white) x 2 (probe type: part vs whole) x 3 (probe feature: eyes vs nose vs mouth) mixed-measures analysis of variance. As predicted, Emiratis outperformed Americans on the administered task. Although their recognition advantage occurred regardless of probe type, it was most pronounced for Arab faces and for trials that captured the processing of nose or mouth information. The findings demonstrate that culture-based experiences hone perceivers' face processing skills.
Rightleft Discrimination in Male and Female, Young and Old Subjects

The present study investigated rightleft discrimination, with a paper-and-pen test using line figures. The test consists of line drawings of a person with no, one, or both arms crossing the vertical body axis of the figure. The subjects' task is to mark with a pencil, as fast as possible, which is the right or left hand in the figure. The line drawings are either viewed from the back, from the front, or randomly alternating between the back and front views. The sample consisted of 322 male and female subjects, split into four different groups, from children to old adults. The results showed increasing performance from children to young adults, with a decline in performance in the old adults (>50 years). The condition with alternating frontback views was the most difficult, particularly when the figure also had both arms crossing the vertical body midline. There were no gender differences except for better male performance in the young adults group (18–22 years). The results are discussed in relation to theories of mental rotation and lateralization of information processing strategies, in addition to rightleft discrimination across the age groups.
Fear of positive evaluation and alcohol use problems among college students: the unique impact of drinking motives

Background and Objectives: There is strong empirical support that individuals with elevated social anxiety are at risk for alcohol-related impairment. Because social anxiety is a multifaceted construct, it is important to consider which specific facets contribute to alcohol problem vulnerability. For example, although social anxiety has traditionally been conceptualized as a fear of negative evaluation (FNE), emerging data suggest that fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is also an important factor in pathological social anxiety. The current manuscript reports novel findings regarding FPE, alcohol use motives, and reported alcohol use problems. Design and Methods: Participants included undergraduates from two American universities (n = 351) who completed a battery of measures assessing fears of evaluation, drinking motives, and alcohol usage related problems. Results: FPE significantly predicted alcohol use problems, above and beyond FNE. Also, coping and conformity motives for drinking, but not social or enhancement motives, each uniquely mediated the relationship between FPE and alcohol use problems. Conclusions: FPE may be an important cognitive-affective vulnerability factor. With additional clinical research, FPE could serve as a meaningful therapeutic target in interventions designed to decrease problem drinking among highly socially anxious patients.