Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL CALORIMETRY: TENTH PAPER A FORMULA TO ESTIMATE THE APPROXIMATE SURFACE AREA IF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT BE KNOWN

Since the publication of Paper 5 of this series the so-called "Linear Formula" has been used in the study of a large number of individuals. Practically all of the subjects of respiration experiments in the Sage calorimeter have been measured in this way, and in addition Means1of Boston has used it as a factor in determining his normal base line of metabolism and the extent of the pathological variations. Means has found that the range of normal variation from the average is smaller and that the apparent depression of metabolism in obesity is much less marked when the linear formula, instead of Meeh's formula, is used to determine surface area. The accuracy of the linear formula has been shown in Paper 9 of this series. In order to correct the slight error in the factor for the arms, and also in order to clear up a few points
Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol, Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride, and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Combined Tablet Formulation by First-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry

Paracetamol, ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride are used in combination for the treatment of chronic sinusitis, rhinitis, fever, nasal discharge, sore throat, and wheezing. The present work deals with method development for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride in tablet formulation by first-order derivative spectrosphotometry. For determination of sampling wavelength, 10 μg/mL of each of paracetamol, ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride was scanned in 200–400 nm ranges and sampling wavelengths were found to be 305.5 nm for paracetamol, 321 nm for ambroxol hydrochloride, 244 nm for levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and 280 nm for phenylephrine hydrochloride in first-order derivative spectrophotometry. In this method, linearity was observed in the ranges of 20–140 μg/mL for paracetamol and 10–70 μg/mL for ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride. The % recovery was within the range between 98 and 102%, and % relative standard deviation for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. The method can be successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of these drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Factors That Influence Effective Evidence-Based Medicine Instruction

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) as a health care practice is being incorporated into education programs across the spectrum of medical education to develop lifelong learning skills and to enhance the practice of evidence-based health care. Since improving the quality of patient care is the ultimate goal of EBM, EBM learning must be integrated with clinical application, and resulted outcomes must be reflected in learning transfer (or EBM practice) within the context of solving patient problems. Different factors may constitute the context or environment in which EBM is learned, practiced, and sustained. However, these contextual factors are seldom considered and examined in the development, implementation, and evaluation of EBM instruction for learners at different levels. This article will introduce several contextual factors as tips and strategies that affect EBM learning and transfer. Also included in the article are recommended practices for designing effective EBM instruction that would contribute to a sustainable change in learner behavior.
Occurrence of pathogenic environmental mycobacteria on surfaces in health institutions

correspondence: carlos henrique gomes Martins Ave Dr Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Franca 14404-600, Sao Paulo, Brazil Tel +55 16 3711 8756 email martinsc@unifran.br Abstract: The presence of environmental mycobacteria on surfaces in two public health institutions, namely a health center and a hospital in upstate Sao Paulo (Brazil), was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA). The possible sources of contamination by these microorganisms were evaluated, contributing to epidemiology studies. Methods: From June 2005 to June 2006, a total of 632 samples were collected from exposed surfaces, such as washbasins, drinking fountains, and other accessible sites, and the mycobacteria present in the samples were isolated and cultured. Results: Sixty-five mycobacteria were isolated from the 632 samples; 47 of which were detected in samples from the health center and 18 in samples collected from the hospital. The isolates were identified by DNA restriction patterns obtained by PRA, and potentially pathogenic species were found to be prevalent among the identified mycobacteria. This study shows that the PRA technique can be employed as a fast and easy method for identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria in public areas. Conclusions: The isolation of environmental mycobacteria from the two health institutions demonstrates that these surfaces are reservoirs of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria and indicates the need for continuous maintenance and monitoring. These data will add to the study of the epidemiology of these microorganisms.
Passive multivariable temperature and conductivity RFID sensors for single‐use biopharmaceutical manufacturing components

Single‐use biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires monitoring of critical manufacturing parameters. We have developed an approach for passive radio‐frequency identification (RFID)‐based sensing that converts ubiquitous passive 13.56 MHz RFID tags into inductively coupled sensors. We combine several measured parameters from the resonant sensor antenna with multivariate data analysis and deliver unique capability of multiparameter sensing and rejection of environmental interferences with a single sensor. We demonstrate here the integration of these RFID sensors into single‐use biopharmaceutical manufacturing components. We have tested these sensors for over 500 h for measurements of temperature and solution conductivity with the accuracy of 0.1°C (32–48°C range) and accuracy of 0.3–2.9 mS/cm (0.5–230 mS/cm range). We further demonstrate simultaneous temperature and conductivity measurements with an individual RFID sensor with the accuracy of 0.2°C (5–60°C range) and accuracy of 0.9 mS/cm (0.5–183 mS/cm range). Developed RFID sensors provide several important features previously unavailable from other single‐use sensing technologies such as the same sensor platform for measurements of physical, chemical, and biological parameters; multi‐parameter monitoring with individual sensors; and simultaneous digital identification. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
Feast for the Eyes: An Introduction to Data Visualization

ABSTRACT Data visualization is defined as the use of data presented in a graphical or pictorial manner. While data visualization is not a new concept, the ease with which anyone can create a data-drive chart, image, or visual has encouraged its growth. The increase of free sources of data and need for user-created content on social media has also led to a rise in data visualization’s popularity. This column will explore what data visualization is and how it is currently being used. It will also discuss the benefits, potential problems, and uses in libraries. A brief list of visualization guides is included.
Predicting mab product yields from cultivation media components, using near‐infrared and 2D‐fluorescence spectroscopies

The yield of monoclonal antibody (Mab) production processes depends on media formulation, inocula quality, and process conditions. As in industrial processes tight cultivation conditions are used, and inocula quality and viable cell densities are controlled to reasonable levels, media formulation and raw materials lot‐to‐lot variability in quality will have, in those circumstances, the highest impact on process performance. In the particular Mab process studied, two different raw materials were used: a complex carbon and nitrogen source made of specific peptones and defined chemical media containing multiple components. Using different spectroscopy techniques for each of the raw material types, it was concluded that for the complex peptone‐based ingredient, near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was more capable of capturing lot‐to‐lot variability. For the chemically defined media containing fluorophores, two‐dimensional (2D)‐fluorescence spectroscopy was more capable of capturing lot‐to‐lot variability. Because in Mab cultivation processes both types of raw materials are used, combining the NIR and 2D‐fluorescence spectra for each of the media components enabled predictive models for yield to be developed that out‐performed any other model involving either one raw material alone, or only one type of spectroscopic tool for both raw materials. For each particular raw material, the capability of each spectroscopy to detect lot‐to‐lot differences was demonstrated after spectra preprocessing and specific wavelength regions selection. The work described and the findings reported here open up several possibilities that could be used to feed‐forward control the process. These include, for example, enabling specific actions to be taken regarding media formulation with particular lots, and all types of predictive control actions aimed at increasing batch‐to‐batch yield and product quality consistency at harvest. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
293 cell cycle synchronisation adenovirus vector production

As the market requirements for adenovirus vectors (AdV) increase, the maximisation of the virus titer per culture volume per unit time is a key requirement. However, despite the fact that 293 cells can grow up to 8 × 106 cell/mL in simple batch mode operations, for optimal AdV infection a maximum cell density of 1 × 106 cell/mL at infection time has usually been utilized due to the so called “cell density effect”. In addition, AdV titer appears to be dependent upon cell cycle phase at the time of infection. To evaluate the dependence of AdV production upon cell cycle phase, 293 cells were chemically synchronised at each phase of the cell cycle; a 2.6‐fold increase on AdV cell specific titer was obtained when the percentage of cells at the S phase of the cell cycle was increased from 36 to 47%; a mathematical equation was used to relate AdV cell specific productivities with cell synchronisation at the S phase using this data. To avoid the use of chemical inhibitors, a temperature shift strategy was also used for synchronisation at the S phase. S phase synchronisation was obtained by decreasing the culture temperature to 31°C during 67 h and restoring it to 37°C during 72 h. By using this strategy we were able to synchronise 57% of the population in the S phase of the cell cycle obtaining an increase of 7.3‐fold on AdV cell specific titer after infection. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
Application of quality by design principles to the development and technology transfer of a major process improvement for the manufacture of a recombinant protein

This study describes the application of quality by design (QbD) principles to the development and implementation of a major manufacturing process improvement for a commercially distributed therapeutic protein produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture. The intent of this article is to focus on QbD concepts, and provide guidance and understanding on how the various components combine together to deliver a robust process in keeping with the principles of QbD. A fed‐batch production culture and a virus inactivation step are described as representative examples of upstream and downstream unit operations that were characterized. A systematic approach incorporating QbD principles was applied to both unit operations, involving risk assessment of potential process failure points, small‐scale model qualification, design and execution of experiments, definition of operating parameter ranges and process validation acceptance criteria followed by manufacturing‐scale implementation and process validation. Statistical experimental designs were applied to the execution of process characterization studies evaluating the impact of operating parameters on product quality attributes and process performance parameters. Data from process characterization experiments were used to define the proven acceptable range and classification of operating parameters for each unit operation. Analysis of variance and Monte Carlo simulation methods were used to assess the appropriateness of process design spaces. Successful implementation and validation of the process in the manufacturing facility and the subsequent manufacture of hundreds of batches of this therapeutic protein verifies the approaches taken as a suitable model for the development, scale‐up and operation of any biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
Antidiabetic Drugs in Combination with Hydroxychloroquine Improve Glycemic Control in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has become an issue of great concern in current decades. This life threatening disease is associated with worsening of glycemic control and progressive metabolic dysfunctions. Objective: Current study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as an adjunct to glibenclamide or metformin on glycemic control in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: HCQ was combined separately with two conventional anti-diabetic drugs; glibenclamide and metformin. At first, alloxan (120 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats were treated with single dose of metformin (850 mg/70 kg BW), glibenclamide (10 mg/70 kg BW) and HCQ (300 mg/70 kg BW) intraperitoneally once daily for two weeks. Then non fixed dose combinations of glibenclamide (5 mg/70 kg BW) with HCQ (150 mg/70 kg BW) and metformin (425 mg/70 kg BW) with HCQ (150 mg/70 kg BW) were injected along with those of the three drugs alone once daily for four weeks. Results: In alloxan induced diabetic rats, glibenclamide, metformin and their combination therapies reduced blood glucose level significantly but combination therapies are the most effective. Glibenclamide or metformin in combination with HCQ also significantly (P
Interpretation and Uses of Medical Statistics

There are now many books which seek to introduce basic concepts of statistics, and their application to medicine, to readers who have had no formal training in statistical theory or methods. This book has particular merit, witnessed by its reappearance here in a third edition. It is likely to appeal to a general readership through its breadth, humanity and good humour. The problem faced by all such texts is that authors feel constrained to stop short ofdetailed description ofimportant and widely used methods, such as analysis of variance and covariance, believing, probably quite correctly, that these will not be understood by most of the intended general, nonmathematical audience. However, there is concern that, with advanced computing tools so widely available, such an audience will inevitably encounter and have to try to interpret such methods. The text here achieves clarity of advice without avoiding difficult issues. There is a useful set of Appendices-particularly Appendix C which summarises the commonly encountered statistical tests in terms of the situations in which they are applicable, the assumptions underlying their use, the hypotheses tested and the actual methods employed. The treatment is also very practical-a good example is the discussion of risk and the relationship ofexperimental design to the types of questions which can be answered. Chapter 12 on computing is not up to the standard of the rest of the book-it is perhaps slightly misplaced given the stated objectives, as the topics introduced spread far beyond medical statistics. However, overall, it is an excellent and readable book covering a difficult area. D. Ingram Department of Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London ECIA 7BE.
The Value of Sputum 8-Isoprostane in Detecting Oxidative Stress in Mild Asthma

Background. Exhaled nitric oxide and induced sputum eosinophils are well established as direct markers of inflammation/oxidative stress in asthma. Recently, it has been proposed that sputum 8-isoprostane concentrations may present a reliable index for measuring oxidative stress in asthmatic patients. We assessed the value of sputum 8-isoprostane in mild asthma in children and adolescents. Methods. Patients with newly diagnosed asthma (children, n = 23; adults, n = 14) and age-matched healthy controls (children, n = 13; adults, n = 15) were studied. Lung function was measured by spirometry, sputum was induced by hypertonic saline, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured with standard methods. Cell differential counts were obtained from sputum slides and the concentration of 8-isoprostane was measured with an enzyme immunoassay from sputum supernatants. Results. High-quality sputum specimens could be obtained from 10 children and 10 adults, and the sputum analyses were conducted only for the representative specimens. Asthmatics had increased FeNO (children 35.5 vs. 11.9 ppb; adults 81.1 vs. 16.6 ppb; p < 0.001) and sputum eosinophils (children 2.4% vs. 1.4%; adults 10.4% vs. 0.2%; p = 0.005) compared to healthy controls. There was a significant correlation between FeNO and eosinophils (R = 0.65; p < 0.0001). Sputum 8-isoprostane was not elevated in asthmatics compared to healthy subjects (children 81.1 vs. 89.9 and adults 76.9 vs. 73.4 pg/mL) and did not correlate with lung function or other measurements of airway inflammation. However, increased 8-isoprostane levels were detected in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 11, 184.7 pg/mL, used as controls for assays). Conclusions. In agreement with earlier studies, FeNo is sensitive in detecting oxidative/nitrosative stress in asthmatic airways. However, our results suggest that 8-isoprostane may not be sensitive in reflecting oxidant burden in mild asthma.
Excess glycaemic excursions after an oral glucose tolerance test compared with a mixed meal challenge and self‐measured home glucose profiles: is the OGTT a valid predictor of postprandial hyperglycaemia and vice versa?

Introduction: Postprandial hyperglycaemia is often assumed in individuals with high glucose excursions during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), but the relationship between glucose levels during the OGTT and after a mixed meal is yet unclear. We addressed whether (i) glucose concentrations after an oral glucose load are similar to those after a test meal or under daily life conditions and (ii) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) predicts postprandial hyperglycaemia.
The Challenges of Implementing an Evidence-Based Practice to Meet Consumer and Family Needs in a Managed Behavioral Health Care Environment

SUMMARY This report describes a case study of how a managed behavioral health care organization used a community-centered model of planning to adopt and implement an evidence-based practice (EBP). The case study involved consensus building and decision-making processes to: (1) develop an implementation plan for adapting the EBP model, including a feasibility assessment to identify existing and needed organizational resources; (2) orient and train clinicians and key community stakeholders; (3) pilot test the EBP; (4) establish an ongoing evaluation plan to monitor fidelity to the model and track outcomes; and (5) develop a plan to sustain the practice. Using a community-centered planning process to bring evidence-based interventions into a managed, behavioral health care environment is time intensive but it promotes the critical steps necessary for sustainability of the EBP. The community-centered planning process allowed for systematic input from a wide rage of stakeholders, addressed the potential barriers to implementation, and allowed for the adaptation of the model within the realities of the current system. This approach to organizational change decreased resistance from staff and increased services to families in the organization.
Effect of Case Management Program on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behaviors and Glycometabolic Control in Patient with Diabetes

home visits and two telephone calls for 12 weeks. We evaluated the effectiveness of the program in terms of self-efficacy, self-care behaviors and glyco-metabolic control. Results: The self-efficacy score was significantly increased from 70.0 of pre-intervention to 80.5 of post-intervention (p<0.001). The self-care score was also significantly increased from 2.86 to 3.60 (p<0.001). The scores of its components such as nutritional care, self-test of sugar level, foot care, oral care, and aerobic exercise were significantly improved (p<0.001). However, the improvement of score in medication management was statistically marginal (p=0.071). The fasting blood sugar level and HbA1c level was significantly decreased from 128.6 mg/dl to 114.5 mg/dl (p<0.001) and from 6.78 % to 6.54 % (p<0.001) respectively. Conclusions: The case management program was effective to improve the self-efficacy and self-care behaviors, and to control blood sugar level in DM patients.
Neuropsychology Mental Structure

problems in addition to the signs of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Many of the patients were closely examined over long periods and the authors make the point that repeated examinations for as long as ten years in some instances allowed them to describe the natural history of the syndrome. and this they do in their third chapter. Again the description of the pathological findings is precise and comprehensive and the authors stress the periventricular distribution of the lesions and their bilateral symmetry. The authors consider specifically the neuropathological substrate on which are based the defective memory, ocular motor signs, the ataxia, the global confusional state and the occasional disturbance of olfactory and gustatory function. They argue a unity between Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's psychosis and discuss the relationship between these two and alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, central pontine myelinolysis and other myelinolytic syndromes and interestingly discuss the problem of "alcoholic dementia" concluding that the nosological status ofalcoholic dementia is by
Morphologic variations of the prostatic utricle

Anatomical variations of the prostatic utricle (PU) have rarely been reported despite an understanding of them being required for diagnosing and treating PU anomalies. This study was performed on 57 prostates to clarify the variations of this structure. Fifty prostates were dissected under a surgical microscope, five prostates were used for ultrasonography and dissection, and two others were processed for light microscopy and reconstructed into 3D models. The PU was classified into three types based on the location of its pouch. The most common type was one in which the PU projected out from between the two ejaculatory ducts. The site and shape of the utricular orifice were also diverse on the seminal colliculus, which was most commonly located on the distal three‐fourths of the prostatic urethra. The results of this study clarified the variations in the anatomy of the PU and may help improve diagnosis and treatment of PU diseases. Clin. Anat. 22:358–364, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.