Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No . 93-75 / s & P IC S 2 O Years of Excellence THE RADIATED NOISE FROM ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE REVISITED

The noise radiated from isotropic turbulence at low Mach numbers and high Reynolds numbers, as derived by Proudman (1952), was the first application of Lighthill's Theory of Aerodynamic Noise to a complete flow field. The theory presented by Proudman involves the assumption of the neglect of retarded time differences and so replaces the second-order retarded-time and space covariance of Lighthill's stress tensor, Tq, and in particular its second time derivative, by the equivalent simultaneous covariance. This assumption is a valid approximation in the derivation of the c92T_j/cOt 2 covariance at low Mach numbers, but is not justified when that covariance is reduced to the sum of products of the time derivatives of equivalent second-order velocity covariances as required when Gaussian statistics are assumed. The present paper removes these assumptions and finds that although the changes in the analysis are substantial, the change in the numerical result for the total acoustic power is small. The present paper also considers an alternative analysis which does not neglect retarded times. It makes use of the Lighthill relationship, whereby the fourth-order Tij retarded-time covariance is evaluated from the square of similar second-order covariance, which is assumed known. In this derivation no statistical assumptions are involved. This result, using distributions for the second-order space-time velocity squared covariance based on the Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS) results of both Sarkar and Hussaini(1993) and Dubois(1993), is compared with the re-evaluation of Proudman's original model. These results are then compared with the sound power derived from a phenomenological model based on simple approximations to the retarded-time/space covariance of T_. Finally the recent numerical solutions of Sarkar and Hussaini(1993) for the acoustic power are compared with the results obtained from the analytic solutions. *This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA Contract No. NAS1-19480 while the author was in residence at the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681. Emeritus Professor, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Southampton, U.K.
Chapter 5 Studies on Snow Redistribution by Wind and Forest , Snow-covered Area Depletion , and Frozen Soll lnflltration in Northern and Western Canada

Important advances in our understanding of snow and frozen soil processes have ken rmtde, apecially in regard to the tramport and sublimation of blowing snow, intmqticm and sublimation of snow in forwt wopies, mow spatial distributions in complex envimmenfs, snowmelt in open enviromnwts and under foregt canopia, advaction of energy h m bare ground to mow, mdwcover depletion during rneh, and heat and mass transfix during infiltration to unsaturated h a m mineral soils. These studies, conducted at the Divisim of Hydrology at the University of Saskatchewan, oovered a range of d e m environments including the tundra-taiga transition, the cordilleran subarctic, the southwn b o d fa and the nodern prairie. Results from field mearch have led to the development and improvement of algorithms related to snow and Mtratim w, which have contributed to hydrowe and atmospheric modek in the Mackenzie GEWEX Study.
Source Parameters of Regional Earthquakes in Taiwan: 1999-2000 Including the Chi-Chi Earthquake Sequence

We report source parameters of 277 earthquakes that occurred during 99.2000 in the Taiwan region, a time period dominated by the Chi-Chi earthquake sequence. We used an improved CMT inversion algorithm to handle high background noise and structural heterogeneity from complex tectonic settings near Taiwan. We also searched the best fitting solutions at an increment of 1 km of focal depths for all events that occurred after the :hi-Chi main shock on September 20, 1999. In general, central and northern Taiwan was seismically quiet before the Chi-Chi main shock. Aftershocks of this sequence dominated the regional seismicity for approximately 3 months afterward. The Chi-Chi sequence consists of a wide range of focal mechanisms, but the overall pattern is a west-verging thrust block bound strike-slip tear faults near the northern and southern termini of the surface rupture – the Chelungpu fault. Seismicity outside of the source zone of the Chi-Chi sequence generally agrees with known active tectonics from previous studies. Nonetheless, under high elevations of the eastern Central Ranges, there are several intriguing cases of changing focal mechanisms from normal faulting near the surface to thrust at depth. To facilitate further research of the Chi-Chi sequence, results of our inversion and original waveforms from the Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS) of 170 events within this sequence are ready for distribution on CD-ROM. The dataset is also online at the BATS web site (http://bats.earth.sinica.edu.tw/Chi-Chi_CMT).
Thermal Control Utilizing an Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pump in a Two-Phase Loop With High Heat Flux Source

The electric field applied in dielectric fluids causes an imbalance in the dissociation-recombination reaction generating free space charges. The generated charges are redistributed by the applied electric field resulting in the heterocharge layers in the vicinity of the electrodes. Proper design of the electrodes generates net axial flow motion pumping the fluid. The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pump is a new device that pumps dielectric fluids utilizing heterocharge layers formed by imposition of electrostatic fields. This paper evaluates the experimental performance of a two-phase breadboard thermal control loop consisting of an EHD conduction pump, condenser, pre-heater, high heat flux evaporator (HE), transport lines, and reservoir (accumulator). The generated pressure head and the maximum applicable heat flux are experimental determined at various applied voltages and sink temperatures. Recovery from dryout condition by increasing the applied voltage to the pump is also demonstrated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Development of DNA Vaccines against Nocardia seriolae Infection in Fish

This study presents the development of DNA vaccines against nocardiosis, using the Antigen 85-like (Ag85L) gene in Nocardia seriolae. An expression plasmid encoding Ag85L (pAg85L) and codon-optimized Ag85L (pAg85L) was intramuscularly injected into amberjack Seriola dumerili. Survival rates of the pAg85L, pAg85L vaccinated group and PBS-injected group as a negative control were 88%, 98% and 51%, respectively, at 40 days after the N. seriolae chalenge. In addition, the N. seriolae bacterial count in the spleen was significantly lower in the pAg85L and pAg85L vaccinated fish than in the PBS-injected fish (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the DNA vaccines pAg85L and pAg85L confered protective eficacy against N. seriolae infection in amberjack.
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF STARS, GAS AND DUST IN SINGS GALAXIES. I. SURFACE PHOTOMETRY AND MORPHOLOGY

We present ultraviolet through far-infrared (FIR) surface brightness profiles for the 75 galaxies in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS). The imagery used to measure the profiles includes Galaxy Evolution Explorer UV data, optical images from Kitt Peak National Observatory, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey, near-IR data from Two Micron All Sky Survey, and mid- and FIR images from Spitzer. Along with the radial profiles, we also provide multi-wavelength asymptotic magnitudes and several nonparametric indicators of galaxy morphology: the concentration index (C42), the asymmetry (A), the Gini coefficient (G), and the normalized second-order moment of the brightest 20% of the galaxy's flux (). In this paper, the first of a series, we describe the technical aspects regarding the surface photometry, and present a basic analysis of the global and structural properties of the SINGS galaxies at different wavelengths. The homogeneity in the acquisition, reduction, and analysis of the results presented here makes these data ideal for multiple unanticipated studies on the radial distribution of the properties of stars, dust, and gas in galaxies. Our radial profiles show a wide range of morphologies and multiple components (bulges, exponential disks, inner and outer disk truncations, etc.) that vary not only from galaxy to galaxy but also with wavelength for a given object. In the optical and near-IR, the SINGS galaxies occupy the same regions in the C42–A-G- parameter space as other normal galaxies in previous studies. However, they appear much less centrally concentrated, more asymmetric, and with larger values of G when viewed in the UV (due to star-forming clumps scattered across the disk) and in the mid-IR (due to the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at 8.0 μm and very hot dust at 24 μm). In an accompanying paper by Muñoz-Mateos et al., we focus on the radial distribution of dust properties in the SINGS galaxies, providing a detailed analysis of the radial variation of the attenuation, the dust column density, the dust-to-gas ratio, the abundance of PAHs, and the intensity of the heating starlight.
Fixed Wing Project Propulsion Research and Technology Development Activities to Reduce Thrust Specifi c Energy Consumption

This paper presents an overview of the propulsion research and technology portfolio of NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project. The research is aimed at significantly reducing the thrust specific fuel/energy consumption of notional advanced fixed wing aircraft (by 60 percent relative to a baseline Boeing 737-800 aircraft with CFM56-7B engines) in the 2030 to 2035 time frame. The research investments described herein are aimed at improving propulsive efficiency through higher bypass ratio fans, improving thermal efficiency through compact high overall pressure ratio gas generators, and exploring the potential benefits of boundary layer ingestion propulsion and hybrid gas-electric propulsion concepts.
F eb 2 01 3 Elimination of the linearization error and improved basis-et convergence within the FLAPW method

We analyze in detail the error that arises from the lineariza tion in linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) basis func tio s around predetermined energies El and show that it can lead to undesirable dependences of the ca lculated results on method-inherent parameters such as energy parameters El and muffin-tin sphere radii. To overcome these dependences, we evalu ate approaches that eliminate the linearization error systematically by a dding local orbitals (LOs) to the basis set. We consider two k inds of LOs: (i) constructed from solutions ul(r,E) to the scalar-relativistic approximation of the radial Di rac equation withE > El and (ii) constructed from second energy derivatives ∂ul(r,E)/∂E atE = El . We find that the latter eliminates the error most e fficiently and yields the density functional answer to many electronic and materials properties with very high precision. Finally, we demonstrate that the convergence behavior of the so constructed LAPW +LO basis is superior to that of the related APW +lo approach in cases where the linearization error is large.
The causal approach proof for the equivalence of SDKP4 and SQED4 at tree-level

The description of the electromagnetic interaction of charged spinless particles is usually formulated by the Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics. However, there is an alternative formulation given by the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau theory: the Scalar DKP gauge theory. The proof of the equivalence between these two formulations has been discussed in many researches, but there is not yet a conclusive proof. In this paper, we initiate a complete proof in the framework of the Causal Perturbation theory, showing that both scalar formulations provide the same results for the differential cross-section at tree level.
A stochastic theory of community food webs I. Models and aggregated data

Three recently discovered quantitative empirical generalizations describe major features of the structure of community food webs. These generalizations are: (i) a species scaling law: the mean proportions of basal, intermediate and top species remain invariant at approximately 0.19, 0.53, and 0.29, respectively, over the range of variation in the number of species in a web; (ii) a link scaling law : the mean proportions of trophic links in the categories basal-intermediate, basal-top, intermediate–intermediate, and intermediate–top remain invariant at approximately 0.27, 0.08, 0.30 and 0.35, respectively, over the range of variation in the number of species in a web; and (iii) a link-species scaling law: the ratio of mean trophic links to species remains invariant at approximately 1.86, over the range of variation in the number of species in a web. This paper presents a model, the only successful one among several attempts, in which the first two of these empirical generalizations can be derived as a consequence of the third. The model assumes that species are ordered in a cascade or hierarchy such that a given species can prey on only those species below it and can be preyed on by only those species above it in the hierarchy.
The Interrelationship Between the Oral and the Written in the Work of Alexander Campbell

Various studies have looked at the interrelationship between oral and written language within different historical periods. Some of these studies concern the changing relationships between the oral and the written when a society moves from a primarily oral culture with a limited use of writing to a “document-minded” culture (Thomas 1989:36) 1 that has a “literate mentality” (Clanchy 1979). Other studies concern the changes imposed by the increased use of printing technology (e.g., Eisenstein 1979; Kernan 1987; McLuhan 1962). All of these studies concern societal changes, even though representative historical figures may be emphasized as a description of these social changes (e.g., Samuel Johnson in Kernan 1987). Rather than studying the societal changes involved in the transition from a primarily oral culture to a document-minded culture or from a document-minded culture to a print-oriented culture, this study concerns the tension between document-mindedness and the persistence of oral dimensions within a single historical figure, Alexander Campbell. Campbell, a principal founder of a nineteenth-century reformation movement on the American frontier, had his own printing office that he effectively used to further his cause of Christian unity; he thus clearly participated within a document-minded society and developed further the use of printing technology within his community. However, his use of scripture in his writings betrays strong oral features—for example, he seems to rely on his own memory when quoting the Bible rather than referring to a printed text. Thus, Campbell’s use of scripture illustrates one way in which oral modes may remain dominant within certain domains even within a highly literate, print-oriented society.
Highlights of the 14 th International Symposium on Sjögren ’ s Syndrome

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2018 1Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK; 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy; 3National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 4The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 5Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Michele Bombardieri*, MD, PhD Chiara Baldini*, MD, PhD Ilias Alevizos, DMD, MHS, PhD Esen Akpek, MD Alan N. Baer, MD *These authors contributed equally to this work. Please address correspondence to: Dr Chiara Baldini, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy. E-mail: chiara.baldini74@gmail.com Received on June 23, 2018; accepted on July 13, 2018. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 (Suppl. 112): S3-S13. © Copyright CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2018.
and Wim Bernasco probability of arrest geographical dispersion of serial offenders ' crime locations on their Are mobile offenders less likely to be caught ?

Why is it that some offenders get arrested quickly, while others manage to evade arrest much longer or are never arrested at all? What characterizes serial offenders who continue to escape arrest? To be able to answer these questions, arrested (identified) offenders must be compared with never arrested (unidentified) offenders. DNA data offer a unique opportunity to compare crime series of identified offenders with crime series of unidentified offenders. In this paper, data from the Dutch DNA database are used to study whether the geographical dispersion of the crime locations of serial offenders influences the probability of arrest. Results show that the probability of arrest decreases with increasing geographical dispersion, measured as the number of police regions in which the offender’s crimes have been committed.
Quest for consistency, symmetry, and simplicity — The legacy of Albert Tarantola

On 6 December 2009, the distinguished Spanish-French physicist and geoscientist, Albert Tarantola, passed away at the age of 60. Born in Barcelona in 1949, he went to Paris where he lived most of his life, and worked as a professor at Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. His extensive scientific production and remarkable achievements in inverse problem theory and geophysical data analysis established him as one of the most influential mathematical geoscientists of our time. He became the father of probabilistic inverse theory, a theory that he passionately defended against severe criticism and managed to propagate to a major part of the geophysical community. Another major achievement was his contributions to the theory of seismic waveform inversion—a work that right now is unfolding its potential in large-scale computations. Albert’s contributions were not limited to geoscience. He started his career in astrophysics, and later in his life he wrote several papers and books on physics and probability, i.
The Classification and Market Pricing of the Cash Flows and Accruals on Trading Positions

We investigate whether the market prices the change in net trading assets as an operating or non-operating activity or some mixture of the two, and whether this market pricing is consistent with the (fundamental) association of the change in net trading assets with future cash flows from operations. Our investigation is motivated by the observation that despite the classification of the cash flows on trading positions as operating under FAS 102 trading is economically a hybrid operating/non-operating activity. Reflecting this hybrid nature, we hypothesize and find that the change in net trading assets has a less positive association with returns and future CFO than do the pure operating components of cash flows and accruals, and that it has a more positive association with returns and future CFO than do the pure non-operating components of cash flows. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is the first to propose and test hypotheses about the valuation implications of such hybrid cash flows and accruals.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND N ON PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) YIELD, WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND ROOT ZONE AND DRAINAGE SALINITY

The aim of this study was to determine the salt tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions and to examine the interactive effects of salinity and nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on yield. The present study shows the effects of optimal and suboptimal N fertilizer levels (270 kg ha−1 and 135 kg ha−1) in combination with five different irrigation waters of varying electrical conductivity (EC) (ECiw = 0.25, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 dS m−1) and three replicates per treatment. At optimal N level, yield decreased when the irrigation water salinity was above ECiw 2 dS m−1. At the suboptimal N level, a significant decrease in yield occurred only above ECiw 4 dS m−1. At high salinity levels the salinity stress was dominant with respect to yield and response was similar for both N levels. Based on the results it can also be concluded that under saline conditions (higher than threshold salinity for a given crop) there is a lesser need for N fertilization relative to the optimal levels established in the absence of other significant stresses.
ATMOSPHERIC HEAT REDISTRIBUTION ON HOT JUPITERS

Infrared light curves of transiting hot Jupiters present a trend in which the atmospheres of the hottest planets are less efficient at redistributing the stellar energy absorbed on their daysides—and thus have a larger day–night temperature contrast—than colder planets. To this day, no predictive atmospheric model has been published that identifies which dynamical mechanisms determine the atmospheric heat redistribution efficiency on tidally locked exoplanets. Here we present a shallow-water model of the atmospheric dynamics on synchronously rotating planets that explains why heat redistribution efficiency drops as stellar insolation rises. Our model shows that planets with weak friction and weak irradiation exhibit a banded zonal flow with minimal day–night temperature differences, while models with strong irradiation and/or strong friction exhibit a day–night flow pattern with order-unity fractional day–night temperature differences. To interpret the model, we develop a scaling theory which shows that the timescale for gravity waves to propagate horizontally over planetary scales, τwave, plays a dominant role in controlling the transition from small to large temperature contrasts. This implies that heat redistribution is governed by a wave-like process, similar to the one responsible for the weak temperature gradients in the Earth's tropics. When atmospheric drag can be neglected, the transition from small to large day–night temperature contrasts occurs when , where τrad is the radiative relaxation time and Ω is the planetary rotation frequency. Alternatively, this transition criterion can be expressed as τrad ∼ τvert, where τvert is the timescale for a fluid parcel to move vertically over the difference in day–night thickness. These results subsume the more widely used timescale comparison for estimating heat redistribution efficiency between τrad and the horizontal day–night advection timescale, τadv. Only because τadv ∼ τvert for hot Jupiters does the commonly assumed timescale comparison between τrad and τadv yield approximately correct predictions for the heat redistribution efficiency.
Size Matters , Book-To-Market Does Not ! The Fama-French Empirical CAPM Revisited

The Fama and French factors do not reliably estimate the size and book-to-market effects. Our aim is to demonstrate that these factors have been underand overestimated, respectively, in the US market. We replaced Fama and French’s independent rankings with the conditional ones introduced by Lambert and Hübner (2013), with some additional modifications designed to improve the sorting procedure. We have been able to highlight a much stronger size effect than has conventionally been documented. As a significant related outcome, the alternative risk factors have been found to deliver less specification errors when used to price passive investment indices.