Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Custo de capital e emissões de ADRs: uma análise de lançamentos brasileiros no período 1992-2001

RESUMO Este estudo preocupou-se em analisar os efeitos da globalização financeira sobre o custo de capital de empresas brasileiras. A globalização foi caracterizada através da emissão de ADRs, do inglês American Depositary Receipts, ou Recibos de Depósitos Americanos – instrumentos financeiros que possibilitam que uma empresa estrangeira liste suas ações em bolsas de valores domésticas e internacionais e obtenha o acesso ao mercado de capitais norte-americano. A metodologia empregada envolveu um estudo de evento. A comparação e posterior análise do custo de capital próprio em instantes anteriores e posteriores ao lançamento de ADRs evidenciou a contribuição deste instrumento à eficiência alocacional do mercado brasileiro, com significativas reduções do custo de capital próprio, expresso através da variação negativa dos betas das ações. Outro ponto analisado no estudo referiu-se à questão da eficiência semi-forte do mercado de capitais doméstico, ilustrada através do evento relativo à emissão de ADRs. Os resultados indicaram a presença de retornos anormais maiores no período anterior ao evento, anormais significativos e positivos em torno do evento e negativos no período posterior – o que corrobora com as evidências de reduções nos níveis do custo de capital.
SimPad - a drawing-based modeling tablet web application to support science education

With the increase of use with tablet computers comes new ways of interaction but also new possibilities for learning. This creates a challenge for designers to create a viable interaction design. In this research, a set of interaction design guidelines and interaction qualities are identified. Specifically when designing natural user interfaces for drawing-based modeling on tablet devices to support learning. The existing tablet computer manufacturer design guidelines are reviewed. Additionally, a webbased tablet prototype designed and developed using an iterative design approach consisting of design and creation coupled with design-based research and interaction design. The prototype is evaluated with eight representative end-users at a middleschool in southern Sweden using a usability evaluation that is recorded with video and analyzed through a significant event analysis. The results show that users enjoy working with the prototype and they think that it can help them in their learning. The results also shows guidelines and affordances for interaction design of interfaces for drawing-based modeling tablet applications. The reasoning behind identifying guidelines and affordances is to provide researchers, designers, and others with the means to minimize problems that may arise in the design of their own drawing-based modeling tools for education.
Evaluation of Tensile Strength and Percentage of Elongation for Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Maxillofacial Silicone Before and After Aging

Background: Silicone advantageous properties made it to become the material of choice in construction of maxillofacial prosthesis but its properties may change after addition of pigments and usage. This study aimed to define the optimum concentration of 2 types of intrinsic pigments that added to VST-50 silicone and study their effects on tensile strength and percentage of elongation before and after aging. Materials and methods: According to the pilot study, 0.1% of rayon flocking and 0. 2% of burnt sienna intrinsic pigments concentrations were selected because of improvement in tested mechanical properties of VST-50 silicone. Sixty samples were prepared in order to measure (tensile strength and percentage of elongation) before and after aging and divided into 6 subgroups with 10 samples made for each one of these sub groups. After that the samples are tested before and after (75 and 150 hrs.) of aging and the data were analyzed with a descriptive statistical analysis, student t-test and one -way ANOVA test. Results: The results for pigmented samples before aging show that tensile strength had improved while percentage of elongation was decreased. After (75 and 150) hours of aging, percentage of elongation highly significantly decreased while tensile strength had highly significantly decreased. Conclusion: The addition of intrinsic pigments had improved tensile strength of maxillofacial silicone which was on the reverse for percentage of elongation. After subjecting the maxillofacial silicone to aging, both had been adversely affected.
Explicit and Implicit Memory Loss in Aging

How our memory is affected as we age has been given considerable attention over recent decades as we strive to understand the cognitive processes involved. Memory types have been identified as either explicit (declarative - related to episodes or semantics) or implicit (non-declarative – related to procedures, habits, or earlier priming). Studies have identified likely age-related decline in explicit but not implicit memory though there are opposing results suggested from other studies. It is thought cognitive reserve capacities might explain any non-decline as aging individuals use alternative or additional pathways to ‘remember’. This theory might be supported indirectly if older members remember material accurately but take longer to supply answers. In our current study we re-examined whether age-related differences in accuracy and speed of access in memory are present in both implicit and explicit memory processes and we increased the number of experimental age groups (from 2 to 3) - most previous studies have compared just two groups (young, and old). With three groups (young, middle-old, and older aged groups) we can identify trends across the age range towards deterioration or preservation of memory. We examined sixty-six participants (49 females; 17 males) aged 18 to 86 years (M = 50.27, SD = 21.06) from South-Eastern Queensland and divided these into younger (18 to 46 years of age), middle old (50 to 64) and older aged (65+) cohorts. Participants were administered tasks assessing implicit and explicit memory using computer presentations. Consistent with most prior research, no age differences were identified on accuracy in the implicit memory tasks (verbal and non-verbal, including priming), suggesting that memory for implicit material remains preserved. However, on the explicit memory tasks, older adults performed less accurately than the younger adults, indicative of decline in explicit memory as we age. The finding of a decline in explicit memory but no significant decline in implicit memory confirms most earlier research and is consistent with a view of modular decline rather than overall decline in memory with increasing age. In addition, differences found in speed of response in otherwise accurate implicit memory with older respondents significantly slower, suggests possible support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
Fully Self-Powered Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System

This paper describes the use of piezoelectric polymers in order to harvest energy from people walking, together with the electronics needed to increase energy transfer and storage efficiency. An electrostatic generator was also included in order to increase energy harvesting. There have been independent solutions in increasing the harvesting efficiency either on the mechanical harvester or on its power management circuitry. Here, piezo electric transducers are used in the keys of mobile phones and also in keyboards of personal computers. Piezo electric transducers are used to convert the mechanical energy applied in the keys to electrical energy i.e. an equivalent electric voltage. The obtained voltage will be read by the Atmel microcontroller so that it will be utilized properly for an electric load e.g. Bulb. This paper can be used in smart mobile phones and also in personal computers to use the charge or voltage for its operation by itself. Coupling an energy harvesting system to existing battery in these devices may significantly improve their energy sustainability that at present is one of its biggest limitations.
Gerentological Studies on the Gross and Histomorphology of the Vesicular Gland of Gaddi Goat (Copra hircus)

Se realizo un estudio de las glandulas vesiculares de 30 cabras Gaddi, macho, totalmente puras desde el nacimiento hasta los 5 anos y 6 meses de edad, divididas en tres grupos de 10 animales cada uno, pre-puberal (dia 1 de edad a 5 anos). En el recien nacido las glandulas eran pequenas, como un cordon blanco. Se presento en forma de "? " a los 6 meses y de "S" a los 12 meses de edad. Un importante crecimiento en tamano y peso de la glandula se produjo a los 6 meses, luego de 12 meses y mas, crecio lentamente. Los acinos secretores de los lobulos se alinearon como epitelio columnar ciliado pseudoestratificado, los cuales contienen celulas de tipo A-columnar alto, B-basal y C-columnar estrecho. El numero por unidad de area y el tamano de la glandula aumento significativamente con la edad desde su nacimiento en los animales prepuberes y hasta la pubertad. En animales post-puberales no crecio significativamente, y los elementos del tejido conectivo se incrementaron en la capsula (adventicia). Sin embargo, el tejido conectivo intralobular, disminuyo a expensas del crecimiento de los acinos, en todas las edades.
The Twelve-Item General Health Questionnaire Among Japanese Workers

Instructions for useTitleThe Twelve-Item General Health Questionnaire AmongJapanese WorkersAuthor(s)Iwata, Noboru; Okuyama, Yuko; Kawakami, Yoshikazu; Saito,KazuoCitationEnvironmental science, Hokkaido University : journal of theGraduate School of Environmental Science, HokkaidoUniversity, Sapporo, 11(1): 1-10Issue Date 1988-06Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/37227RightType bulletin (article)AdditionalInformation
A Reconnaissance of Small Mammal Communities in Garland and Government Prairies, Arizona

ABSTRACT. Small mammals play key ecological roles in grassland ecosystems, yet little is known regarding small mammal communities in large (>50 km2), high-elevation prairies embedded in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in north central Arizona. To provide information on community composition and habitat relationships, we live-trapped small mammals on 6 transects in 2 prairies in 2008. We captured 78 individuals in 5501 trap occasions. Capture rates were low and varied widely among transects. Community composition was simple, with only 3 species of small mammals captured. In order of relative abundance, these species were deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus, n = 44 individuals), Mogollon vole (Microtus mogollonensis, n = 22), and spotted ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma, n = 12). Deer mice were captured on all transects and voles on all but one transect. In contrast, spotted ground squirrels were captured on only 2 transects and were relatively common on only one transect. There were no previous records of spotted ground squirrels in these prairies. Deer mice were positively associated with rock cover and vegetation height. Voles were positively associated with shrub cover and combined cover of live and dead vegetation and were negatively associated with bare ground. Spotted ground squirrels were positively associated with forb cover. This study provides baseline data on small mammal communities in these prairies and documents the presence of a previously unknown species. Further studies would be desirable to better understand spatial and temporal variation in these communities, habitat relationships, and effects of land-use practices on small mammals and their habitats.
Markets, Externalities, and the Dynamic Gains of Openness

Inflows of foreign knowledge are the key for developing countries to catch up with the world technology frontier. In this paper, I construct a simple tractable model to analyze (a) the incentives of foreign firms to bring their know-how to a developing country and (b) the incentives of domestic firms to invest in their own know-how, given the exposure to foreign ideas and competition. The model embeds two diffusion mechanisms typically considered separately in the literature: externalities and markets. The dynamic gains of openness can be substantial under either mechanism, but their relative preponderance significantly changes the dynamic implications of openness. Notably, openness allows developing countries to fully catch up only when market transactions fully dominate the diffusion of ideas. While externalities can also push domestic firms to upgrade their productivity, the equilibrium exposure to ideas in the country remains below the frontier and domestic firms never catch up.
Surgical Approaches to the Internal Carotid Artery at the Extracranial Middle Skull Base

The aims of this review are to critically review the surgical approaches to the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the skull base as reported in the literature. We discuss the relevant anatomy and the common indications and approaches to the internal carotid artery at the skull base are outlined. We conclude that open surgical approaches to the ICA at the skull base are feasible with careful anatomic dissection and can be performed with minimal morbidity in most cases. The optimum approach continues to be debated.
Effect of water pH on the early developmental responses in zebrafish (danio rerio)

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the egg production performance in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) in different pH treatments. Zebrafish were reared continuously 15 days in 3 different pH treatments like control (pH 6.8-7.4), acidic (pH 5.0-6.0) and basic (pH 9.0-10.0) media and then eggs were collected from them. Numbers of egg collection from the acidic and basic media were significantly varied from the control. Collected eggs from acidic, basic and control media were then incubated at different pH treatments ranging from pH 2.0-12.0. Significant differences were observed in hatching rate and time in control medium from two other different treatments. Progressive Agriculture 26:85-89, 2015
Symbolic numerical computational tools for nonlinear and adaptive control

We describe a symbolic computer algebra system (CAS) toolbox for nonlinear and adaptive control law synthesis and simulation. This Mathematica program provides functions for basic mathematical operations frequently encountered in analysis of nonlinear systems, implements algorithms for adaptive and approximate nonlinear control as well as provides speedy and flexible simulation via automatic C and MATLAB code generation. The package is applied to conical magnetic bearings, a system of 18-dimensions and an uncertain parameter. <<ETX>>
A METALLIC RFID TAG DESIGN FOR STEEL-BAR AND WIRE-ROD MANAGEMENT APPLICATION IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY

In recent years, RFID solutions are finding an increasing number of applications in a wide variety of industries. There are some natural limitations when applying RFID technology in the steel industry, because the tags do not function well in metallic environments. Even though some commercial RFID metal tags are available in the market, they are found to be too expensive by steel companies. This paper proposes a useful and practical RFID tag design for management applications involving steel-bar and wire- rod products manufactured by the steel industry. The dual-function metallic RFID tag, comprising of both an RFID code and a barcode, involves technology advancement in RFID design, and named Window- Tag (WinTag). The maximum read range of this tag can reach about 5.7 m for the radiated power of 4.0 W EIRP in free space. In the practical application, the maximum read ranges are about 2.3 m and 5.0 m for the worst and best case, respectively. The design methodology as well as simulation and measurement results of the WinTag are presented in this paper. The low profile and low cost features of the WinTag makes the RFID tag well suited for metallic type tag of labeling system that requires integration of RFID technology.
Notes on State Abstractions

states, we may still have a reasonably large nφ(D). Our loss bound will depend on nφ(D) and the approximation error of the representation φ, but will not incur any dependence on the sample size of individual states (which implicitly depends on |S|). Recall that in the note on tabular RL we studied two approaches to the finite sample analyses of certainty-equivalence: one through maxπ ‖V π M − V π M̂‖∞ (uniform bound of policy evaluation errors) and the other through ‖QM − Q? M̂‖. To extend the first approach to the setting of abstractions we need to assume approximate bisimulation, and to extend the second we only need approximate Qirrelevance. We discuss the second approach in details below, which covers some important desiderata that also applies to the extension of the first approach. Before that, we need a few more notations: Let M̂φ = (Sφ,A, P̂φ, R̂φ, γ) be the estimated model using the abstract representation. Let Mφ = (Sφ,A, Pφ, Rφ, γ) be the following MDP: Rφ(x, a) = ∑ s̃∈φ−1(x) |Ds̃,a|R(s, a) |Dφ(s),a| , Pφ(x ′|x, a) = ∑ s̃∈φ−1(x) |Ds̃,a|P (x′|s, a) |Dφ(s),a| . This is essentially the definition of Mφ in Lemma 3 with px(s) ∝ |Ds,a|. In words, Mφ is the “expectation” of M̂φ w.r. t. the randomness in data. If |Ds,a| gets multiplied by the same constant for all (s, a) and goes to infinity, Mφ is what M̂φ converges to in the limit. Bounding ∥∥∥Q? M − [Q? M̂φ ]M∥∥∞: We bound it by introducing an intermediate term: ∥∥∥Q? M − [Q? M̂φ ]M∥∥∥∞ ≤ ∥∥∥Q? M − [Q? Mφ ]M∥∥∥∞ + ∥∥∥[Q? Mφ ]M − [Q? M̂φ ]M∥∥∥∞ . We have already bounded the first term on the RHS in Theorem 2 for approximate bisimulations and Theorem 5 for approximate Q-irrelevant abstractions, respectively, so it remains to deal with the second term. A few comments on this decomposition before we dive into the analysis: 1. Using terminologies from statistical learning theory, we will call the first term approximation error, and the second term estimation error. 2. Approximation error reflects the fidelity of a representation φ to the true model M . It does not vanish with more data. In fact, this is what we have to pay in the limit of infinite data. The finer φ is, the better approximation we get (see more detailed discussions at the end of Section 2). 3. Estimation error reflects how fast the estimated model converges to its “expected” version. It goes to 0 as sample size goes to infinity, and it has nothing to do with whether φ is a legit representation for M . The coarser φ, the lower estimation error we get. 4. So here is the trade-off: to guarantee low approximation error we want a fine φ, but to guarantee low estimation error we want a coarse φ. In general, the best balance depends on the sample size [8]. Now let’s bound ∥∥∥[Q? Mφ ]M − [Q? M̂φ ]M∥∥∞, M̂φ converges to Mφ in the limit, so the second term should go to 0 as nφ(D) goes to infinity, and the fact that φ is an inexact abstraction forM is irrelevant here. However, we cannot argue that data in Dx,a can be viewed as if they were sampled from Pφ(x, a), since the subsets of data from different s have independent but non-identical distributions.
Synoptic sections of the Denmark Strait Overflow

We report on a rapid high‐resolution survey of the Denmark Strait overflow (DSO) as it crosses the sill, the first such program to incorporate full‐water‐column velocity profiles in addition to conventional hydrographic measurements. Seven transects with expendable profilers over the course of one week are used to estimate volume transport as a function of density. Our observations reveal the presence of a strongly barotropic flow associated with the nearly‐vertical front dividing the Arctic and Atlantic waters. The seven‐section mean transport of water denser than σθ=27.8 is 2.7±0.6Sv, while the mean transport of water colder than 2.0°C is 3.8±0.8 Sv. Although this is larger than the 2.9 Sv of θ < 2°C water measured by a 1973 current meter array, we find that a sampling of our sections equivalent to the extent of that array also measures 2.9Sv of cold water. Both the structure and magnitude of the measured flow are reproduced well by a high‐resolution numerical model of buoyancy‐driven exchange with realistic topography.
The VISTA deep extragalactic observations (VIDEO) survey

In this paper we describe the first data release of the the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) survey. VIDEO is a ~12degree^2 survey in the near-infrared Z,Y,J,H and K_s bands, specifically designed to enable the evolution of galaxies and large structures to be traced as a function of both epoch and environment from the present day out to z=4, and active galactic nuclei (AGN) and the most massive galaxies up to and into the epoch of reionization. With its depth and area, VIDEO will be able to fully explore the period in the Universe where AGN and starburst activity were at their peak and the first galaxy clusters were beginning to virialize. VIDEO therefore offers a unique data set with which to investigate the interplay between AGN, starbursts and environment, and the role of feedback at a time when it was potentially most crucial. We provide data over the VIDEO-XMM3 tile, which also covers the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Legacy Survey Deep-1 field (CFHTLS-D1). The released VIDEO data reach a 5-sigma AB-magnitude depth of Z=25.7, Y=24.5, J=24.4, H=24.1 and K_s=23.8 in 2 arcsec diameter apertures (the full depth of Y=24.6 will be reached within the full integration time in future releases). The data are compared to previous surveys over this field and we find good astrometric agreement with the Two-Micron All Sky Survey, and source counts in agreement with the recently released UltraVISTA survey data. The addition of the VIDEO data to the CFHTLS-D1 optical data increases the accuracy of photometric redshifts and significantly reduces the fraction of catastrophic outliers over the redshift range 0
Registration of Histological Sections with Clinical Imaging : A Survey

Combining histology and non-invasive imaging has long attracted the attention of the medical imaging community due to its potential to relate macroscopic information with the underlying microscopic properties of tissues. On the one hand, histology is an invasive procedure which breaks the tissue spatial arrangement due to slicing, but enables its investigation at a cellular level. On the other hand, macroscopic imaging allows for non-invasive acquisition of volumetric data but does not provide microscopic details. Through the establishment of spatial correspondences between histological sections and volumetric medical images, it is possible to relate microand macro-scale information so as to gain insight into what affects the signals used to construct medical images, recover the original topology of histology and lost relationships, or build high resolution anatomical atlases. This survey article synthesises almost three decades of registration methods between two-dimensional (2D) histological slices and volumetric (3D) medical images. The problem is equivalent to reconstructing histological volumes using structural ground truth and calls for monoand multi-modal image registration techniques. We first summarise the process that produces digitised sections from a tissue specimen in order to understand the peculiarity of data, associated artefacts and possible ways to minimise them. We then delve into the description of methods for histological reconstruction with and without the help of external information. We finally attempt to identify the trends and challenges that the field is facing, many of which are derived from the cross-disciplinary nature of the problem as it involves the collaboration between physicists, histologists, computer scientists and physicians.