Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-Fractionated Contribution of Microbial Biomass to Suspended Organic Matter in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone

Cell membrane intact polar lipids (IPLs) are chemotaxonomic biomarkers whose abundances and distributions in water column environments reflect the living biomass of in situ microbial communities, and can be used to determine the relative contribution of distinct functional and phylogenetic groups to water column carbon stocks. The diversity of IPLs in marine environments is, however, vast, while our knowledge of their biological origins remains limited. Here, we study the distribution of IPLs in size-fractionated suspended organic matter from the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) off northern Chile. Canonical correspondence analyses of total IPL abundances and water column physiochemistry demonstrate distinct distributions of microbial sources associated with different geochemical regions in the water column (chlorophyll maximum, upper chemocline, lower chemocline, upper OMZ, core OMZ, and mesopelagic region). Furthermore, the distribution of IPLs in free-living (0.3–2.7 μm) and particle-attached (2.7–53 μm) suspended organic matter differs, suggesting distinct biological sources in each size fraction. While some parallels exist, the diversity and distribution of IPLs in the OMZ system of the ETSP off northern Chile exhibited some unique features compared to other OMZ systems; for instance, we observed a significantly lower contribution of betaine lipids from phytoplanktonic sources, possibly reflecting a physiological response to severe N-limitation in this area. The overall IPL abundance in the two size fractions also indicates a dominance of free-living biomass in the OMZ and mesopelagic regions, suggesting that these areas of the water column could provide additional sources of submicrometer-sized organic carbon to deeper waters. This study improves the utility of IPLs as chemotaxonomic biomarkers by providing insight into the contrasting distributions of microbial biomass from different life modes (free-living and particle-attached). Our results suggest that microbial production in low oxygen environments may be more important to total water column carbon stocks than previously thought.
Modern Climate and Soil Properties Explain Functional Structure Better Than Phylogenetic Structure of Plant Communities in Northern China

Examination of the mechanisms of the plant community assembly at a geographical scale is an interesting topic in ecology and biogeography, which are of great significance for the understanding of species coexistence and biodiversity conservation. But so far, only a few studies have simultaneously assessed the relative roles of multiple-scale factors in shaping the phylogenetic and functional structure of plant communities at a macroecological scale. In this study, we linked modern climate, glacial-interglacial climate change, and soil properties with the phylogenetic and functional structure of shrub and herbaceous plant communities in Inner Mongolia, China, an arid and semi-arid region. Our results showed that the functional structure of plant communities was more associated with modern climate and soil properties than the phylogenetic structure, especially for the soil properties. Modern precipitation was found in all the combinations of variables that were most closely related to the community structure in this arid and semi-arid region. These findings suggest that the phylogenetic and functional structure of biotic communities may be affected by processes at divergent spatial-temporal scales. That is, the functional structure is better linked with the modern and local factors while the phylogenetic structure is more associated with the historical and regional processes. This study highlights the importance of the associations between the different biodiversity dimensions and divergent drivers.
Complete Genome Sequence of Enterobacter roggenkampii ED5, a Nitrogen Fixing Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacterium With Biocontrol and Stress Tolerance Properties, Isolated From Sugarcane Root

Sugarcane is the leading economic crop in China, requires huge quantities of nitrogen in the preliminary plant growth stages. However, the use of an enormous amount of nitrogen fertilizer increases the production price, and have detrimental results on the environment, causes severe soil and water pollution. In this study, a total of 175 endophytic strains were obtained from the sugarcane roots, belonging to five different species, i.e., Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum barberi, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum, and Saccharum sinense. Among these, only 23 Enterobacter strains were chosen based on nitrogen fixation, PGP traits, hydrolytic enzymes production, and antifungal activities. Also, all selected strains were showed diverse growth range under different stress conditions, i.e., pH (5–10), temperature (20–45°C), and NaCl (7–12%) and 14 strains confirmed positive nifH, and 12 strains for acdS gene amplification, suggested that these strains could fix nitrogen along with stress tolerance properties. Out of 23 selected strains, Enterobacter roggenkampii ED5 was the most potent strain. Hence, this strain was further selected for comprehensive genome analysis, which includes a genome size of 4,702,851 bp and 56.05% of the average G + C content. Genome annotations estimated 4349 protein-coding with 83 tRNA and 25 rRNA genes. The CDSs number allocated to the KEGG, COG, and GO database were 2839, 4028, and 2949. We recognized a total set of genes that are possibly concerned with ACC deaminase activity, siderophores and plant hormones production, nitrogen and phosphate metabolism, symbiosis, root colonization, biofilm formation, sulfur assimilation and metabolism, along with resistance response toward a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. E. roggenkampii ED5 strain was also a proficient colonizer in sugarcane (variety GT11) and enhanced growth of sugarcane under the greenhouse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first information on the whole-genome sequence study of endophytic E. roggenkampii ED5 bacterium associated with sugarcane root. And, our findings proposed that identification of predicted genes and metabolic pathways might describe this strain an eco-friendly bioresource to promote sugarcane growth by several mechanisms of actions under multi-stresses.
Nodule and Root Zone Microbiota of Salt-Tolerant Wild Soybean in Coastal Sand and Saline-Alkali Soil

Soil salinization limits crop growth and yield in agro-ecosystems worldwide by reducing soil health and altering the structure of microbial communities. Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) alleviate plant salinity stress. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) is unique in agricultural ecosystems owing to its ability to grow in saline-alkali soils and fix atmospheric nitrogen via symbiotic interactions with diverse soil microbes. However, this rhizosphere microbiome and the nodule endosymbionts have not been investigated to identify PGPR. In this study, we investigated the structural and functional rhizosphere microbial communities in saline-alkali soil from the Yellow River Delta and coastal soil in China, as well as wild soybean root nodule endosymbionts. To reveal the composition of the microbial ecosystem, we performed 16S rRNA and nifH gene amplicon sequencing on root nodules and root zones under different environmental conditions. In addition, we used culture-independent methods to examine the root bacterial microbiome of wild soybean. For functional characterization of individual members of the microbiome and their impact on plant growth, we inoculated isolates from the root microbiome with wild soybean and observed nodulation. Sinorhizobium/Ensifer accounted for 97% of the root nodule microbiome, with other enriched members belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes; the genera Sphingomonas, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, Nocardioides, Streptomyces, Flavobacterium, Flavisolibacter, and Pseudomonas; and the family Enterobacteriaceae. Compared to saline-alkali soil from the Yellow River Delta, coastal soil was highly enriched for soybean nodules and displayed significant differences in the abundance and diversity of β-proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Overall, the wild soybean root nodule microbiome was dominated by nutrient-providing Sinorhizobium/Ensifer and was enriched for bacterial genera that may provide salt resistance. Thus, this reductionist experimental approach provides an avenue for future systematic and functional studies of the plant root microbiome.
Deep Learning for Diagnostic Binary Classification of Multiple-Lesion Skin Diseases

Background: Diagnosis of skin diseases is often challenging and computer-aided diagnostic tools are urgently needed to underpin decision making. Objective: To develop a convolutional neural network model to classify clinically relevant selected multiple-lesion skin diseases, this in accordance to the STARD guidelines. Methods: This was an image-based retrospective study using multi-task learning for binary classification. A VGG-16 model was trained on 16,543 non-standardized images. Image data was distributed in training set (80%), validation set (10%), and test set (10%). All images were collected from a clinical database of a Danish population attending one dermatological department. Included was patients categorized with ICD-10 codes related to acne, rosacea, psoriasis, eczema, and cutaneous t-cell lymphoma. Results: Acne was distinguished from rosacea with a sensitivity of 85.42% CI 72.24–93.93% and a specificity of 89.53% CI 83.97–93.68%, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma was distinguished from eczema with a sensitivity of 74.29% CI 67.82–80.05% and a specificity of 84.09% CI 80.83–86.99%, and psoriasis from eczema with a sensitivity of 81.79% CI 78.51–84.76% and a specificity of 73.57% CI 69.76–77.13%. All results were based on the test set. Conclusion: The performance rates reported were equal or superior to those reported for general practitioners with dermatological training, indicating that computer-aided diagnostic models based on convolutional neural network may potentially be employed for diagnosing multiple-lesion skin diseases.
From Synaptic Protein to Prion: The Long and Controversial Journey of α-Synuclein

Since its discovery 30 years ago, α-synuclein (α-syn) has been one of the most studied proteins in the field of neuroscience. Dozens of groups worldwide have tried to reveal not only its role in the CNS but also in other organs. α-syn has been linked to several processes essential in brain homeostasis such as neurotransmitter release, synaptic function, and plasticity. However, despite the efforts made in this direction, the main function of α-syn is still unknown. Moreover, α-syn became a protein of interest for neurologists and neuroscientists when mutations in its gene were found associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and even more when α-syn protein deposits were observed in the brain of PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. At present, the abnormal accumulation of α-syn constitutes one of the pathological hallmarks of these disorders, also referred to as α-synucleinopathies, and it is used for post-mortem diagnostic criteria. Whether α-syn aggregation is cause or consequence of the pathogenic events underlying α-synucleinopathies remains unclear and under discussion. Recently, different in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the ability of pathogenic α-syn to spread between cells, not only within the CNS but also from peripheral locations such as the gut, salivary glands, and through the olfactory network into the CNS, inducing abnormal misfolding of endogenous α-syn and leading to neurodegeneration and motor and cognitive impairment in animal models. Thus, it has been suggested that α-syn should be considered a prion protein. Here we present an update of what we know about α-syn function, aggregation and spreading, and its role in neurodegeneration. We also discuss the rationale and findings supporting the hypothetical prion nature of α-syn, its weaknesses, and future perspectives for research and the development of disease-modifying therapies.
The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent the most frequent diabetes-related cause for hospitalization (1). Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to pose a threat to the delivery of care, leading to some unintended consequences. We aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with DFUs at a multidisciplinary center in China. In the first part of this study, an interrupted time-series design was applied to estimate the trends in hospitalization for patients with DFUs before the COVID-19 outbreak to generate the predicted value in 2020. Monthly hospitalization records from 2016 to 2019 were abstracted to fit the autoregressive integrated moving-average model. We compared the prediction with the actual values in the first trimester of 2020 to project changes in trends that were assumed to have been caused by the outbreak. This analysis showed significant reductions in January and February, as indicated by actual hospitalizations being significantly lower than the lower boundary of 95% CI of predicted values. The number of hospitalizations in March rebounded and was close to the usual level (Fig. 1). Figure 1 Actual and predicted values of monthly hospitalizations for patients with DFUs. The numbers of inpatients with DFU episodes were 343 in 2016, 376 in 2017, 403 …
Investigating the Perceived Strengths and Limitations of Free-Viewpoint Video

Free-viewpoint video (FVV) is a type of immersive content in which a character performance is filmed using an array of cameras and processed into a video-textured, animated 3D mesh. Although FVV content has a unique set of properties that differentiates it from other immersive media types, relatively little work explores the user experience of such content. As a preliminary investigation, we adopted an open-ended, qualitative approach to investigate these issues. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six immersive content experts, exploring the perceived strengths and limitations of FVV as a content type. These interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. We identified five themes during our analysis: they don't look real, but that's okay; they can really move; they don't connect with me; encounter, legacy, and truth; no technology is an island. Our analysis reveals a wide range of future research directions and provides insight into which areas may produce the most benefit in relation to the user experience. We discuss, for example, the potential impact of difficulties in supporting user engagement, aspects related to visual quality such as the importance of responding realistically to environment lighting, and tensions between visual and behavioral quality. The analysis also highlights the complex interplay of factors related to the content itself, such as performance style and the use of creative production techniques to reduce the impact of potential limitations.
Assessing the visualization of space and traffic volume using GIS-based processing and visibility parameters of space syntax

ABSTRACT Streets and physical layouts can be inherent in a sustainable city by emphasizing the use of space with planned strategies by promoting the movement of people and social behaviors for enhancing an economic structure. An analysis of the space layout is beneficial for defining the urban areas that can affect street behavior. A GIS incorporated with a space syntax can help to propagate the effectiveness of a spatial analysis in a study on urban spaces. The integration of the computational pieces of both a GIS analytical tool and space syntax parameters will stimulate research oriented urban systems and spatial morphologies combined with a spatial database. However, the development of livability can be affected by a set of parameters that define the used space. Thus, this paper was aimed at examining the space syntax parameters for space visualization to evaluate street behavior using the GIS processing and space syntax methods. In this study, a spatial analysis was used to generate spatial information on traffic volume, while a space syntax was used to test the street behavior. Also, a predictive analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between traffic behavior and a set of parameters. The results showed that integration and direct visibility were significant to the traffic volume. Most of the streets that were linked to the commercial area showed high integration and direct visibility, which increased by more than half, compared with the unlinked areas. Based on the statistical analysis, both parameters recorded aprobability of less than 5%. The results showed that any space designed with a continuous, direct and clear traffic volume will lead to increased integration and direct visibility, thus influencing a natural vehicle movement.
PR ] 2 3 A ug 2 02 0 ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ELEPHANT RANDOM WALK

In this work we study asymptotic properties of a long range memory random walk known as elephant random walk. First we prove recurrence and positive recurrence for the elephant random walk. Then, we establish the transience regime of the model. Finally, in the positive recurrent regime and under the Poisson Hypothesis, we establish the replica mean field limit for this random walk.
Study of the Effect of Potentilla Discolor Bunge on Experimental Diabetic Mouse

Objective:To investigate the Potentilla Discolor Bunge(PDB)on treat effect in experimental diabetic mouse.Methods:PDB was to be perfused into stomach to mouse with alloxan induced experimental diabetic mouse,the pancreass islet B cells were detected by using immunohistochemistry technigue,the contents of blood sugar and TG,cholesterol were investigated by colorimetric method.Results:The PDB have repair effect on pancreass islet B cells,and it decreased the contents of blood sugar and TG.Conclusion: The PDB have treat effect in experimental diabetic mouse by alloxan.
Gene Flow among Conspecific Populations of Baetis sp. (Ephemeroptera): Adult Flight and Larval Drift

The genetic structure of populations of Baetis sp. (Ephemeroptera:Baetidae) was used to draw inferences about the means of dispersal within and between stream systems of the Conondale Range, Queensland, Australia. Allozyme electrophoresis was used to examine allelic frequencies at five variable loci in geographically distant populations of nymphs in the same drainage and in nearby populations in different drainages. The results showed widespread gene flow between drainages and a tendency for local differentiation. We concluded that adult flight represents an effective means for dispersal between drainage systems. The differentiation between populations at a local scale and erratic deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium could have occurred if the nymphs collected from any stream were the offspring of only a few adults. If this is the case, the dispersal capabilities of nymphs by swimming, crawling or drift may be minimal even within a single stream.
Detection, Tracking, and Characterization of Small, Faint Targets at GEO Distances using the Magdalena Ridge Observatory 2.4-meter Telescope

As time progresses, satellites launched into the GEO region have gotten smaller, and smaller, making the ability to detect and track decimeter-sized targets at these distances increasingly difficult but important for determining operational status, revealing changes, identifying, and characterizing. Previously we demonstrated that by using the Magdalena Ridge Observatory’s (MRO’s) 2.4-meter telescope, we could detect debris and other objects in GEO at visible magnitudes as faint as V~20 or fainter in single images, and were able to derive reliable and accurate astrometry. We also established that employing strategic shifting and summing of individual images based on the anticipated motion of the target allows for this magnitude limit to be extended somewhat. Initially, since objects in geostationary orbit typically move about 15 arc-seconds per second with respect to sidereal motion, we limited exposure times to half a second or less to avoid significant trailing and analyzed the photometric signatures using circular apertures. For this current work, we explore techniques using elliptical apertures and extend individual exposures to push our detection limits to V~21 visible magnitude and fainter. We investigate the limitations in accuracy inherent in this approach and examine the relative practicalities of utilizing longer individual integration times versus the software shifting and summing of shorter exposures. We also explore the magnitude, and hence size, limitations that these techniques imply for the characterization of artificial objects when studying their temporal photometric and spectroscopic signatures.
Field Collections of Rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Cyprinidae), in Texas

been as large as some that we have observed at D-3 (also see Fitzgerald, 1982). In seven visits to D-3, 5 (6.2%) LAR-A(2n) x C. gularis, 61 (76.2%) LAR-A(2n), and 14 (17.5%) C. gularis have been collected. These data indicate that, although hybridization between these forms is relatively common, a large-scale breakdown of reproductive isolation between LAR-A(2n) and C. gularis is not occurring at the site. We are grateful to the J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences for providing a research incentive grant in 1986 and to the Department of Zoology for providing financial support in 1988 and 1989. Field research in Texas was conducted under authority of Texas Parks and Wildlife permit no. 61.
Contrasting tempos of sex chromosome degeneration in sticklebacks

The steps of sex chromosome evolution are often thought to follow a predictable pattern and tempo, but few studies have examined how the outcomes of this process differ between closely related species with homologous sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and Japan Sea stickleback (G. nipponicus) have been well characterized. Little is known, however, about the sex chromosomes in their distantly related congener, the blackspotted stickleback (G. wheatlandi). We used pedigrees of interspecific crosses to obtain the first phased X and Y genomic sequences from blackspotted sticklebacks. Using novel statistical methods, we demonstrate that the oldest stratum of the Gasterosteus sex chromosomes evolved on Chromosome 19 in the ancestor of all three species. Despite this shared ancestry, the sex chromosomes of the blackspotted stickleback have experienced much more extensive recombination suppression, XY differentiation, and Y degeneration than those of the other two species. The ancestral blackspotted stickleback Y chromosome fused with Chromosome 12 less than 1.4 million years ago, which may have been favored by the very small size of the recombining region on the ancestral sex chromosome. Recombination is also suppressed between the X and Y over the bulk of Chromosome 12, although it has experienced little degeneration. These results demonstrate that sex chromosome evolution does not always follow a predictable tempo.