Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Обставини, що підлягають з'ясуванню під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, і їхнє місце у структурі окремої криміналістичної методики

У статті встановлено, що питання про включення обставин, які підлягають з'ясуванню під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, до структури окремої криміналістичної методики та визначення їх місця залишається дискусійним. Обставини, які підлягають з'ясуванню під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, відіграють важливу роль у діяльності з виявлення, розкриття та розслідування злочинів. Це пояснюється тим, що кримінальне провадження є програмою дій уповноважених суб'єктів, націлених на збирання достовірних, достатніх, допустимих і належних доказів. Наголошено, що визначення таких обставин надає розслідуванню злочинів цілеспрямованості. Встановлено, що сформувалося декілька підходів до вирішення питання про визначення місця обставин, які підлягають з'ясуванню, у структурі окремої криміналістичної методики. Одна група вчених виділяє обставини, що підлягають з'ясуванню, як самостійні структурні елементи окремої криміналістичної методики, друга - включає їх до складу інших структурних елементів методики розслідування злочинів окремого виду (групи). Деякі науковці розділяють думку про те, що криміналістична характеристика злочинів як елемент окремої криміналістичної методики органічно включає до свого складу перелік обставин, які підлягають встановленню (з'ясуванню), а отже, недоцільно вносити згадані обставини до структури окремої методики. Акцентовано увагу на необхідності включення обставин, що підлягають з'ясуванню під час розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, до структури криміналістичної методики. Запропоновано вказані обставини не виокремлювати як самостійний елемент окремої криміналістичної методики, а висвітлювати поряд із типовими криміналістичними ситуаціями, тактичними завданнями, версіями, особливостями планування тощо в тій частині методики розслідування злочинів окремих видів (груп), де йдеться про особливості здійснення досудового розслідування на етапі збирання та перевірки інформації про злочин, початковому та наступному етапах.
Solar Reforming of Biomass with Homogeneous Carbon Dots

Abstract A sunlight‐powered process is reported that employs carbon dots (CDs) as light absorbers for the conversion of lignocellulose into sustainable H2 fuel and organics. This photocatalytic system operates in pure and untreated sea water at benign pH (2–8) and ambient temperature and pressure. The CDs can be produced in a scalable synthesis directly from biomass itself and their solubility allows for good interactions with the insoluble biomass substrates. They also display excellent photophysical properties with a high fraction of long‐lived charge carriers and the availability of a reductive and an oxidative quenching pathway. The presented CD‐based biomass photoconversion system opens new avenues for sustainable, practical, and renewable fuel production through biomass valorization.
Video classification by fusing two-stream image template classification and pretrained network

Abstract. A motion energy image (MEI) is a spatial template that collapses regions of motion into a single image in which more moving pixels are brighter than others. The forward single-step history image (fSHI) is a spatiotemporal template that shows the presence and direction of motion. Each video can be described using these templates. Recently, the popularity of deep learning architectures for human activity recognition encourages us to explore the effectiveness of combining them with these templates. Hence, three new methods are introduced to convert the problem of human activity recognition in video into image templates classification. In method 1, each video is split into N groups of consecutive frames, and the MEI is computed for each group. Transfer learning with the fine-tuning technique is used for classifying these templates. fSHIs or spatiotemporal templates are used for classification in method 2, similar to method 1. Fusing the two streams of these templates is introduced as method 3. Among these methods, method 3 outperforms the others and is called the proposed method. It achieves recognition accuracies of 92.60% and 93.40% for the UCF Sport and UCF-11 action datasets, respectively. Also, it is compared with state-of-the-art approaches, and the results show that the proposed method has the best performance.
Establishment of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Integration Frequency In Vitro and In Vivo

Adeno-Associated virus (AAV) is a single-stranded (ss) DNA parvovirus, that is important for the development as a gene therapy vector. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) integration of a transgene into the host cell benefits, since it remains in progeny cells. However rAAV integrates randomly into pre-existing double-stranded breaks (DSB) which poses a risk for potential mutagenesis. Earlier experiments with rAAV vectors in cell culture showed that integration was inefficient at 0.1-0.5% of infectious vector genomes, whether this happens in non-dividing cells of animal tissues (such as the liver) is unclear. Therefore to better evaluate the potential benefit or risk a clearer understanding of AAV integration frequency is needed. We wished to evaluate the frequency of rAAV vector integration in vitro as well as in vivo under the treatment of DNA damaging agents. In vitro comparison between single-stranded break (SSB) and double-stranded break (DSB) agents on viral integration were made using rAAV2-GFP transduced human lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells, additional comparison between non-dividing and dividing cells were made. We hypothesized that dividing HFL-1 cells treated with the DSB inducing agent, camptothecin (CPT), would have a higher integration frequency than the cells treated with a SSB inducing agent, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and/or were in a non-dividing state. In vivo 8 C3H/HeJ mice were transduced with rAAV8-GFP (targeting the liver) and 4 out of the 8 mice were treated with CPT. Here the hypothesis states that
Length–weight relationship of Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) and Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967 from the Andaman Islands, India

Summary This study reports the length–weight relationships (LWRs) of Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) and Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967 from Andaman Islands, India. Sample sizes for the two fish species were 78 for R. brachysoma and 57 for R. faughni. Fish collected monthly from Junglighat fish landing center. Fish were captured by commercial ring seine units (mesh size ranging from 2 to 4 cm) between February 2016 and March 2017. LWRs were established as TW = 0.0042TL3. 332 (r2 = .989) for R. brachysoma and TW = 0.0096TL3. 022 (r2 = .980) for R. faughni.
Freely decaying turbulence in a finite domain at finite Reynolds number

We perform direct numerical simulations to study the effects of the finite Reynolds number and domain size on the decay law of Saffman turbulence. We observe that the invariant for Saffman turbulence, u2l3, and non-dimensional dissipation coefficient, Cϵ = ϵ/(u3/l), are sensitive to finite domain size; here, u is the rms velocity, l is the integral length scale, and ϵ is the energy dissipation rate. Consequently, the exponent n in the decay law u2 ∼ t−n for Saffman turbulence deviates from 6/5. Due to the finite Reynolds number and the domain size, Saffman turbulence decays at a faster rate (i.e., n > 6/5). However, the exponent n = 6/5 is more sensitive to the domain size than to the Reynolds number. From the simulations, we find that n remains close to 6/5 as long as Rλ ≳ 10 and l ≲ 0.3Lbox; here, Rλ is the Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale and Lbox is the domain size. We also notice that n becomes slightly lower than 6/5 for a part of the decay period. Interestingly, this trend n < 6/5 is also observed earlier in freely decaying grid-generated turbulence.
Cross-linking Amyloid Forming Proteins for Improved Understanding of Early Aggregation

Alzheimer’s disease is the only disease in the ten leading causes of death in the United states that cannot be slowed, prevented, or cured. Alzheimer’s dementia and type II diabetes are the top two diseases caused by improper protein folding, aggregation, and deposition of fibrillar plaques in tissues. These plaques, originally thought to be the cause of these diseases, have been discovered to be mostly benign and representative of the later stages of the disease. The smaller, more soluble oligomeric aggregates are responsible for the death of pancreatic and neural cells. Many oligomeric species are unstable and exist only for a short period of time, which makes them difficult to study. Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) is a method that allows researchers to take “snapshots” of an aggregation as it progresses. In this study, PICUP is used to study two proteins, amyloid beta and amylin, which are involved in the continuation of Alzheimer’s dementia and type II diabetes. Both proteins were successfully cross-linked and visualized on polyacrylamide gels using silver staining techniques. Amyloid beta aggregation in sodium phosphate and HEPES buffers were also compared and showed similar aggregation between the two.
Mechanisms of Origin and Classification of Out-of-Plane Fiber Waviness in Composite Materials—A Review

Out-of-plane fiber waviness, also referred to as wrinkling, is considered one of the most significant effects that occur in composite materials. It significantly affects mechanical properties, such as stiffness, strength and fatigue and; therefore, dramatically reduces the load-carrying capacity of the material. Fiber waviness is inherent to various manufacturing processes of fiber-reinforced composite parts. They cannot be completely avoided and thus have to be tolerated and considered as an integral part of the structure. Because of this influenceable but in many cases unavoidable nature of fiber waviness, it might be more appropriate to consider fiber waviness as effects or features rather than defects. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of different process parameters on the formation of fiber waviness in order to reduce or, in the best case, completely avoid them as early as possible in the product and process development phases. Mostly depending on the chosen geometry of the part and the specific manufacturing process used, different types of fiber waviness result. In this study, various types of waviness are investigated and a classification scheme is developed for categorization purposes. Numerous mechanisms of wrinkling were analyzed, leading to several recommendations to prevent wrinkle formation, not only during composite processing, but also at an earlier design stage, where generally several influence factors are defined.
Pseudoperonospora cubensis virulence and pathotype structure in Kazakhstan

A. S. Rsaliyev*, N. T. Amirkhanova, N. M. Rametov, Z. U. Pahratdinova, P. S. Ojiambo and A. Lebeda* The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, Kordaiskiy Rayon, Zhambylskaya Oblast, 080409, Kazakhstan; Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; and Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palack y University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
Exploring Challenges in Space Syntax Theory Building: The Use of Positivist and Hermeneutic Explanatory Models

The planning and building of sustainable cities and communities yields operational theories on urban space. The novelty of this paper is that it discusses and explores the challenges for space syntax theory building within two key research traditions: positivism and hermeneutics. Applying a theory of science perspective, we first discuss the explanatory power of space syntax and its applications. Next, we distinguish between theories that attempt to explain a phenomenon and theories that seek to understand it, based on Von Wright’s modal logics and Bhaskar’s critical realism models. We demonstrate that space syntax research that focuses on spatial configurative changes in built environments, movement and economic activities can explain changes in a built environment in terms of cause and effect (positivism), whereas historical research or research focusing on social rationality, space and crime or cognition seeks to develop an understanding of the inherent cultural meaning of the space under investigation (hermeneutics). Evidently, the effect of human intentions and behaviour on spatial structures depends on the type of rationality underlying these intentions, which is the focus of this study. Positivist explanatory models are appropriate for examining market rationality in cases that entail unambiguous intentionality and that are associated with a high degree of predictability. By contrast, other kinds of reasoning require a hermeneutic understanding.
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in POEMS Syndrome with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

POEMS, a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, can cause pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH, diagnosed through echocardiogram in patients with POEMS, is known to improve after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, similar accounts of PH, diagnosed through right heart catheterization (RHC), the gold standard diagnostic test for PH, do not exist. We report the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with dyspnea and burning pain in feet. Physical examination was unremarkable, while basic investigations revealed an elevated protein-albumin gap. This prompted further tests that led to the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. Echocardiogram was additionally obtained and raised concern for PH. RHC was hence performed and confirmed the diagnosis of PH secondary to POEMS syndrome. The patient was treated with ASCT following which her dyspnea got better and repeated RHC revealed improved hemodynamics. This report highlights the first case of PH secondary to POEMS syndrome, which demonstrated improvement in hemodynamics, measured by RHC, following ASCT.
INFLUENCE OF HAEMOGLOBIN GENOTYPE ON MALARIA PARASITE DENSITY AND ANTI-MSP-119 IgG (ANTIBODY) RESPONSE IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND BIRTH WEIGHT OF NEONATES

Haemoglobin genotype variance has been reported to be responsible for the high susceptibility of individuals to malaria in the tropics. This study assessed the influence of haemoglobin genotype on the malaria parasite density and anti-MSP-119 IgG (antibody) during pregnancy and the effect of malaria infection on birth weight of neonates. One hundred and thirty (130) pregnant women and one hundred and fourteen (114) non-pregnant women (Control) were enrolled and grouped according to their haemoglobin genotype. The study assessed only the pregnant women with haemoglobin genotype AA (HbAA) and haemoglobin genotype AS (HbAS). Blood sample from each subject was collected by venipuncture into EDTA, and plain bottles to determine haematological parameters and anti-MSP119 IgG (antibody) level, respectively. The parasite density was significantly higher (P lessthan 0.05) in malaria positive HbAA women than in malaria positive HbAS women in dry and wet seasons. There was a significant increase (P lessthan 0.05) in the mean anti-MSP-119 IgG (antibody) levels in women with HbAA as compared with women with HbAS in the dry season. The anti-MSP-119 IgG level was not significantly higher in women with HbAA when compared with women with HbAS. The mean birth weight of neonates born to malaria positive HbAA women was lower than those born to malaria positive HbAS women in the wet season, but there was no significant difference between the mean birth weight of neonates born to malaria positive and malaria negative HbAA and HbAS women in dry season. This study showed that haemoglobin genotype influenced parasite density but did not influence the level of anti-MSP-119 IgG and the birth weight of neonates. Keywords: Haemoglobin genotype, malaria parasite, anti-MSP-119 IgG, pregnant women
Open-circuit fault diagnosis of traction inverter based on improved convolutional neural network

In the traction system of high-speed EMUs, the inverter’s Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) often occurs open-circuit (OC) faults. However, traditional fault diagnosis relies mainly on signal processing to extract fault features, which is susceptible to environmental interference, resulting in poor generalization ability of the model. Aiming at this problem, a fault diagnosis method based on an improved convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, the three-phase stator current signal is preprocessed by wavelet domain denoising. Secondly, fault features are independently learned through a convolutional network. Finally, a fully-connected layer is used for fault diagnosis. The experimental results show that this method could resolve the OC fault diagnosis problem of the inverter’s IGBT effectively, and also achieve higher accuracy under the interference of noise, and the diagnosis can be made at 0.01s after the fault occurs.
Comparison of methods used in identification of Candida albicans

Candida species is a major fungal pathogen in humans. Candidal infections represent the fourth most common nosocomial infection worldwide. In other hand, systemic Canadidal infections have high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in case of non-appropriate treatments. Since, Candida albicans represent the most common species that cause Candidal infections, accurate identification of Candida albicans from other species has critical importance due to the differences in antifungal susceptibility pro? les. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare some standard phenotypic and genotypic techniques in identification of C. albicans isolates. The specimens were collected from seventy five patients diagnosed with respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, or Candidemia. The colonies of Candida were subjected to specific identification by germ tube test, growth on chromogenic agar and also using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty three isolates were identified as C. albicans by taking the PCR as standard technique in comparison to germ tube test which gives positive result with only 84.1% of the strains, while the chromogenic agar give the green colonies with 96.3% of C. albicans isolates. These results suggest that the PCR is more sensitive and rapid than phenotypic techniques represented by germ tube and chromogenic agar for discrimination of C. albicans from other Candida species.
An insulin, AMPK, and steroid hormone-mediated metabolic switch regulates the transition between growth and diapause in C. elegans

The ability of organisms to adapt to environmental changes and regulate the balance between growth and quiescence depend on global transitions in metabolic state. Under harsh environmental conditions, C. elegans enters diapause and forms a specialized dauer larva. This larva has a specific morphology and its metabolism switches from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to gluconeogenesis. Here, we show that these changes involve concerted activity of several regulatory pathways. Whereas the insulin pathway maintains low energy expenditure through the FoxO transcription factor DAF-16, dauer morphogenesis is controlled by the steroid hormone receptor DAF-12. We show that downstream or in parallel to DAF-16 operates the AMPK α-subunit AAK-2. AAK-2 and DAF-12 separately promote a switch from TCA cycle to gluconeogenesis, serving as metabolic “turnouts to a slow lane”. When both are suppressed, the TCA cycle is active and the developmental arrest is abolished. Thus, a global metabolic switch governs the transition between growth and quiescence.
Swedish mothers’ perceptions of youth well-being: understanding beliefs and behaviours

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore Swedish mothers’ beliefs about youth well-being and in relation to gender, education, and relationship characteristics. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to study reports provided by 1074 mothers based on open-ended survey questions and mother–youth relationship measures. Fourteen sub-themes were identified that encompassed five broader themes: academic and cognitive, emotional and psychological, physical, recreational, and social well-being. Theme combinations were also identified from individual reports. Although mothers’ beliefs were not moderated by youths’ gender, mothers with higher formal education reported more broadly across themes than mothers with less formal education. No significant differences were observed between mothers’ beliefs and mother–youth relationship characteristics. Situated within a Swedish context, these results lift mothers’ view about youth well-being as a multifaceted phenomenon, including similarities and differences with contemporary theories and studies. Future research needs to explore how these beliefs matter for parents, youth and their well-being across cultures.
Production of phytoestrogens by plant cell and tissue cultures: Recent scenario and exciting prospects

Phytoestrogens are group of plant derived compounds structurally and functionally mimic mammalian estrogen. Phytoestrogenic isoflavones, daidzein and genistein are associated with several health promoting properties against sex hormone related ailments and cancer. They are restricted to leguminoceae family and often subjected genotype and environment dependant variation in accumulation. Plant cell cultures have higher rate of metabolism and condensed biosynthetic rate, resulted in shorter period of time required for secondary metabolite production compared to intact plants. In present review we have summarized various studies carried out for production of isoflavones by in vitro cell cultures. Additionally several product optimization strategies including manipulation of physical and chemical parameters, elicitation, permeabilization and bioreactor application for mass cultivation were discussed with respect to isoflavonoids production. Advances in functional and structural genomics has resulted in identification and cloning of relevant genes from isoflavone biosynthetic pathway and regulatory systems. Metabolic engineering has improved productivity of plant cell cultures, intact plants and resulted in fortification of isoflavones in several legumes and non leguminous plants. This review highlights recent trends and future prospects of various strategies to direct higher than average productivity of phytoestrogenic isoflavones in plant cell cultures.