Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Reference Evapotranspiration in Middle South Saurashtra Region of India Using Dominant Meteorological Variables

In this paper attempt is made to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) from standard meteorological observations. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method is the most physical, reliable and mostly used as a standard to verify other empirical methods. However, it needs a lot of different input parameters. Hence, in the present study, a model based on most dominant meteorological variables influencing ET o is proposed to estimate ET o in the Middle South Saurashtra region of Gujarat (India). The performance of five different alternative methods and proposed model is compared keeping the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method as reference. The models are evaluated by using Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E), (R 2 ), (d r ), (RSR) and (MAE) statistical criterions. The results show that the developed model and Hargreaves and Samani (1985) method provide the most reliable results in estimation of (ET o ), and it can be recommended for estimating (ET o ) in the study region.
Childhood adversity and adulthood happiness: Evidence from Japan

In this study, we examined the impact of childhood interpersonal adversity on adulthood subjective well-being, with a focus on the mediating and moderating effects of social support and socioeconomic status (SES). We concentrated on parental maltreatment (abuse and neglect) and bullying in school as childhood adversity variables and on perceived happiness, life satisfaction, and self-rated health as adulthood subjective well-being measures. Our empirical analysis was based on micro data from a survey in municipalities in and around the Tokyo metropolitan area (N = 3,292). We obtained four key findings. First, the experience of childhood adversity had a substantial negative impact on adulthood subjective well-being. Second, social support and SES significantly mediated the impact of childhood adversity. Third, a large proportion of the impact of childhood interpersonal adversity was unexplained by social support and SES mediation effects. Fourth, no social support or SES variable moderated the impact of childhood interpersonal adversity. Hence, we can conclude that childhood interpersonal adversity affects adulthood subjective well-being in a relatively independent manner rather than being substantially mediated or moderated by social support or SES. Accordingly, social policies should aim at reducing incidents of childhood maltreatment and bullying in addition to helping people enhance levels of social support and SES in later life.
Enforceability of Non-Complete Agreements: When Does State Stifle Productivity?

Non-compete agreements (also known as Covenants Not to Compete or CNCs) are frequently used by many businesses in an attempt to maintain their competitive advantage by safeguarding their human capital and the associated business secrets. Although the choice of whether to include CNCs in employment contracts is made by firms, the real extent of their restrictiveness is determined by the state laws. In this paper, we explore the effect of state level CNC enforceability on firm productivity. We assert that an increase in state level CNC enforceability is detrimental to firm productivity, and this relationship becomes stronger as comparable job opportunities become more concentrated in a firm’s home state. On the other hand, this negative relationship is weakened as employee compensation tends to become more long-term oriented. Results based on hierarchical linear modeling analysis of 21,134 firm-year observations for 3,027 unique firms supported all three hypotheses.
Title Discourse intonation of English in Malaysia and Singapore : Implications for wider communication and teaching Author ( s )

The teaching of pronunciation has for a long time concentrated on segmental features. Increasingly, however, writers and researchers have called for greater emphasis to be placed on the teaching of suprasegmentals because of their influence on intelligibility. The purpose of this article is to reiterate that call for the teaching of English prosody, particularly intonation, to learners of English. This is done through an examination of discourse intonation features of English spoken in Malaysia and Singapore. Using the discourse intonation model by David Brazil (Brazil, Coulthard & Johns 1980, Brazil 1997) as a theoretical framework, this article describes seven common intonation features and discusses how these features may affect communication with English speakers from other countries. It also examines implications for teaching, with particular reference to national English language programmes. Although this discussion is based on Malaysia and Singapore, it may be of interest to other readers in Southeast Asia, where the acquisition of good English pronunciation has become increasingly important in national curricula.
Music Scenes to Music Clusters: The Economic Geography of Music in the US, 1970–2000

Where do musicians locate, and why do creative industries such as music continue to cluster? This paper analyzes the economic geography of musicians and the recording industry in the US from 1970 to 2000, to shed light on the locational dynamics of music and creative industries more broadly. We examine the role of scale and scope economies in shaping the clustering and concentration of musicians and music industry firms. We argue that these two forces are bringing about a transformation in the geography of both musicians and music industry firms, evidenced in a shift away from regionally clustered, genre-specific music scenes, such as Memphis or Detroit, toward larger regional centers such as New York City and Los Angeles, which offer large markets for music employment and concentrations of other artistic and cultural endeavors that increase demand for musicians. We use population and income to probe for scale effects and look at concentrations of other creative and artistic industries to test for scope effects, while including a range of control variables in our analysis. We use lagged variables to determine whether certain places are consistently more successful at fostering concentrations of musicians and the music industry and to test for path dependency. We find some role for scale and scope effects and that both musicians and the music industry are concentrating in a relatively small number of large regional centers.
Simple unstable baseline detection methods for perpendicular magnetic recording

Current hard disk drives employ a magneto-resistive head to read and write data. During the reading process, if the magneto-resistive head is unstable or has some defects, the readback signal will experience some missing data zones known as an unstable baseline (UB) event, which causes the signal amplitude to drop drastically and vary around the baseline at 0 volt. Thus, such defective heads must be detected and taken care of during the testing process before assembling a hard disk drive. This paper proposes three simple methods to detect the UB event that can be employed in the testing process when the data have a specific pattern, i.e. 4T-pattern, where T is the bit period. The proposed methods can also be utilised to detect the UB event during normal operation when the data are random. Simulation results indicate that the methods can detect the short UB event (4-bit duration) with 4T-pattern data and the 25-bit UB event with random data at 100% of detection.
Evaluation for nutritive values and antioxidant activities of Bang Changs Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum)

This objectives of this study were evaluated nutritive values of Bang Chang’s Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum) and investigates its biological characteristics on health promotion, such as, antioxidant activities. The research was conducted by collecting sample, separating dried edible parts, which were determined nutritive values, including proximal analysis of water content, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber, total ash content, carbohydrate, total calories, β-carotene, vitamins E and C. The nutritive data show higher nutritive values of Bang Chang’s Cayenne pepper than other Cayenne pepper. Moreover, β-carotene and vitamin E contents of Bang Chang’s Cayenne pepper were higher than other Cayenne pepper. In conclusion, Bang Chang’s Cayenne pepper was quite more good nutritive values than other Cayenne peppers with preferable antioxidant activities and non-toxic effect on Vero cell. Key words: Bang Chang’s Cayenne pepper, Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum, nutritive value, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity.
Analog and D igital Circuits INTEGER COMPOSITIONS USING SIMULATED ANNEALING

A composition of an integer M is a finite string of integers s = SiS2 ’ Sk with s 1+52+ • • • +sk = M . Given a set of positive integers A =■ {alfa 2* • * • ,an } with a x < a2 < • • • < an, a string s is an A-composition of M if each i, e A . Consider the following decision problem; Given a set A of positive integers and an integer M , does there exist an A -composition of M l This problem is NP-complete even under the restrictions that anla\<b , a constant, and M la\ < p(n), a polynomial in n . Consequently, the optimization problem of finding an A -composition of some integer as close to M as possible is NP-hard. We will consider the related counting problem; Find the number of A compositions of integers in the interval (M -a ¡/2M +a ¡/2]. We will show that this problem is #Pcomplete. The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate that a probabilistic search algorithm (Simu­ lated Annealing) can be used to (i) generate a random A -composition from the set of such compositions of integers in the interval (M -a i/2M+a\/2], and (ii) count the number of such compositions. We will demonstrate that the SA algorithm can serve as the basis for a fully polynomial randomized approximation scheme to solve this counting prob­ lem. In addition, we will analyze the performance of the SA algorithm to solve the optimization prob­ lem of finding A-compositions of integers close to M . As an application of this analysis, we show that if A is a fixed set of integers with greatest common divisor 1, then the SA algorithm can generate a random A -composition of an integer M in O (A/7) steps.
Thermostable enzymes in organic synthesis. 7. Total synthesis of the western corn rootworm sex pheromone 8-methyldec-2-yl propanoate using a TBADH-generated C2-bifunctional chiron

Enantiomerically pure alcohols produced by Thermoanaerobium brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH)catalyzed asymmetric reduction of polyfunctional ketones are useful building blocks for natural products synthesis. This advantage has been demonstrated by a total synthesis of all four isomers of 8-methyldec-2-yl propanoate, the sex pheromone emitted by the female western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. These four isomers were obtained in a very short procedure (either three or five steps) with an enantiomeric purity that exceeds 99% using a single chiral building block
TP 53 Mutation , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , and Stemlike Features in Breast Cancer Subtypes

Altered p53 protein is prevalently associated with the pathologic class of triple-negative breast cancers and loss of p53 function has recently been linked to the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquisition of stemness properties. We explored the association between TP53 mutational status and expression of some genes involved in the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway (the most potent EMT inducer) and in two early EMT associated events: loss of cell polarity and acquisition of stemness-associated features. We used a publicly accessible microarray dataset consisting of 251 p53-sequenced primary breast cancers. Statistical analysis indicated that mutant p53 tumors (especially those harboring a severe mutation) were consistent with the aggressive class of triple-negative cancers and that, differently from cell cultures, surgical tumors underexpressed some TGF-β related transcription factors known as involved in EMT (ID1, ID4, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD5, ZEB1). These unexpected findings suggest an interesting relationship between p53 mutation, mammary cell dedifferentiation, and the concomitant acquisition of stemlike properties (as indicated by the overexpression of PROM1 and NOTCH1 genes), which improve tumor cells aggressiveness as indicated by the overexpression of genes associated with cell proliferation (CDK4, CDK6, MKI67) and migration (CXCR4, MMP1).
Holocene history of deep‐seated landsliding in the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley from surface roughness analysis, radiocarbon dating, and numerical landscape evolution modeling

Documenting spatial and temporal patterns of past landsliding is a challenging step in quantifying the effect of landslides on landscape evolution. While landslide inventories can map spatial distributions, lack of dateable material, landslide reactivations, or time, access, and cost constraints generally limit dating large numbers of landslides to analyze temporal patterns. Here we quantify the record of the Holocene history of deep‐seated landsliding along a 25 km stretch of the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley, Washington State, USA, including the 2014 Oso landslide, which killed 43 people. We estimate the ages of more than 200 deep‐seated landslides in glacial sediment by defining an empirical relationship between landslide deposit age from radiocarbon dating and landslide deposit surface roughness. We show that roughness systematically decreases with age as a function of topographic wavelength, consistent with models of disturbance‐driven soil transport. The age‐roughness model predicts a peak in landslide frequency at ~1000 calibrated (cal) years B.P., with very few landslide deposits older than 7000 cal years B.P. or younger than 100 cal years B.P., likely reflecting a combination of preservation bias and a complex history of changing climate, base level, and seismic shaking in the study area. Most recent landslides have occurred where channels actively interact with the toes of hillslopes composed of glacial sediments, suggesting that lateral channel migration is a primary control on the location of large deep‐seated landslides in the valley.
taxonomy of Immature S tages: new M orphological characters for tephritidae larvae Identification

The morphology of third instar larvae of the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Rhagoletis and Toxotrypana is described. In some Neotropical and Nearctic species of Rhagoletis the first instar larva are also analysed. The morphology of structures of the cephalic segment, cepha- lopharyngeal skeleton, first thoracic segment and caudal segment were studied with optical and scanning electron microscopes. A rapid larval identi- fication of species belonging to different genera can be made by a combination of features as the, shape of cephalic segment, shape of antennomaxi- llary complex, shape of ventral and dorsal cornua of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, neck of mandible, preoral teeth, oral teeth, cuticular projections and tubercles of the caudal segment, length of posterior spiracular hairs and spinule pattern surrounding the anal lobes. With the exception of Rhagoletis turpiniae, cuticular projections from the caudal segment were detected in first and second instar larvae of Neotropical species of Rhagoletis. The Nearctic and Palearctic species lack these structures. The length of the cuticular projections changes during the larval ontogeny, are larger in first instar larvae than in second instar larvae, and in third instar larvae it decreases and projections appear as short intermediate tubercles. This trait could be an apomorphy, and suggests that the Nearctic and Neotropical species are a separate clades. The Neotropical species of Rhagoletis having eggs with long pedicel, also possess a long caudal cuticular projection used for the recognition of sibling species. Is important to increase our knowledge of the morphology of immature stages to aid in their identification and to understand the phylogenetic relationships within Tephritidae.
Leaf and whole plant transpiration in honey mesquite following severing of lateral roots.

This study examined water loss by fully grown honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.) trees at 2 levels of resolution, the whole plant (canopy) and the individual leaf. Trees were manipulated by severing lateral roots during winter dormancy. Leaf transpiration and photosynthesis were measured in root-severed and unsevered (control) trees for 2 growing seasons following treatment. An empirical model which integrated leaf transpiration, whole plant leaf area, and influence of shading within the canopy on leaf transpiration was used to calculate daily water loss from individual trees. During the first growing season leaf abscision occurred on root-severed, but not control trees, in early July, resulting in a 50% reduction in whole plant leaf area. Following abscission, transpiration and photosynthesis of remaining leaves on root-severed trees were significantly greater than on control trees from July through September. Because of increased transpiration of remaining leaves on root-severed trees, daily water loss per tree was not significantly different between root-severed and similar-size control trees before or after leaf abscission. No differences in leaf or canopy transpiration were found between root-severed or unsevered honey mesquite during the second growing season. Daily water loss per tree ranged from 30 to 75 liters during the study. These responses illustrate that water loss from mesquite may be regulated by various combinations of stomatal control and adjustment of transpirational surface area.
Corporate Governance and Firm Valuations: Evidence from Hong Kong

Do corporate governance standards affect firm value? Are shareholders in emerging markets willing to pay a premium for higher governance standards? We construct a corporate governance index to represent Hong Kong corporate governance standards and rank listed companies according to the index. Our model has 17 variables covering five governance mechanisms: board structure, executive compensation, ownership structure, executives’ conflict of interest, and transparency standards. We compare and analyze the special characteristics of H Shares, Red Chips, and family controlled companies among listed companies. Our results indicate that these areas significantly impact firm value, and Hong Kong investors are willing to pay substantial premium for better governance standards. We find that firms with better rating in our CG model have higher firm value, which implies that firms can increase their valuations by restructuring their corporate governance standards according to our model.
The Impact of Cross-Cultural Communication on Foreign Managers’ Leadership Style in China-Based International Organization

In order to make a clear identification about which leadership style can be appropriate and effective for foreign leaders in China, a specific focus has put on the Chinese natives’ cultural values and its influence on foreign manager’s leadership styles. Six foreign leaders from two China-based international organizations in Chengdu and Shen-zhen were interviewed on several issues, including decision-making, conflict management and work distribution. A qualitative analysis has been conducted through theme categorization which responds that transformational leadership style can be effective and appropriate for foreign leaders to strengthen their relationship with Chinese employees.
Identification of a PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity Signature in Breast Cancer Using a Novel Transcription Factor Activity Array

Abstract : A system for the large scale, dynamic quantification of transcription factor activity was applied to investigate the mechanism of action for PARP inhibitors. Of the 34 TFs investigated, 15 had differential activity in the presence of the PARP inhibitor olaparib. A few of the TF had differential activity in BRCA1-wild type and BRCA1-null cells. This differential activity may underlie why some patients respond whereas others are resistant. In addition, five PARP-1 inhibitor resistant clones were established from BRCA1-null type cells. Cell array analysis from these clones will provide us valuable insights into addressing the occurrence of resistance. We are continuing to investigate these factors to identify whether targeting these additional pathways can increase the efficacy or reduce resistance to PARP inhibitors.
Towards the use of augmented reality techniques for assisted acceptance sampling

Acceptance sampling is a statistical procedure for accepting or rejecting production lots according to the result of a sample inspection. Formalizing the concept of assisted acceptance sampling, this article suggests the use of consolidated tools for reducing the risk of human errors in acceptance sampling activities. To this purpose, the application of augmented reality techniques may represent a profitable and sustainable solution. An augmented reality–based prototype system is described in detail and tested by an experimental plan. The major original contributions of this work are (a) introducing the new paradigm of assisted acceptance sampling and (b) developing a preliminary application in an industrial-like environment. This application is a first step towards the realization of a complete assisted acceptance sampling system.
Species richness and cell-size distribution: size structure of phytoplankton communities

If the size dependence of species richness varies across ecosystems, it should be reflected in the size distribution of total abundance. Using a database of phytoplankton abundance, species composition and cell size from coastal, shelf and open-ocean environments, we show that the biogeographical patterns of phytoplankton size distribution in the ocean are a result of systematic changes in the relationship between species richness and cell size. Our results indicate that, regard- less of the environmental conditions, population abundance decreases consistently to the -3/4 power of cell size. By contrast, marine phytoplankton diversity peaks at small sizes in oligotrophic waters but is either a log-normal function or independent of cell size in eutrophic systems. It is argued that, operating on evolutionary time scales, size-dependent biophysical constraints for resource acquisi- tion are reflected in the size distribution of species richness and consequently in the size structure of phytoplankton communities in the ocean. These findings indicate that the way in which biological diversity changes with body size is crucial to a better understanding of the structure and functioning of microbial plankton communities and how energy flows through pelagic ecosystems.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT MICROPHONICS IN THE BNL ELECTRON COOLER

An R&D Energy Recovery Linac (ERL), to be used in the BNL electron cooler, has been operational in a developmental setting. The ERL requires a cryogenic system to supply cooling to a superconducting RF gun and the 5-cell superconducting RF cavity system that is kept cold at 2K. The 2K superfluid bath is produced by pumping on the bath using a sub-atmospheric warm compression system. During a test run in October 2010, a resonance peak corresponding to a noise of 30 Hz was observed. This noise peak, present at all temperatures below 2K, is assumed to be of mechanical origin from the vibration of the cryopump. Another resonance noise at 16 Hz, which is characteristic of the system, was observed to shift towards the resonance at 30 Hz. The resonance noise at 16 Hz upon hitting the resonance noise at 30 Hz sets a resonance condition, thereby getting amplified by more than five times. In this paper we explore the source that causes a continuous shift in the resonance noise at 16 Hz towards the higher side until it hits the resonance noise at 30 Hz and give a physical explanation of the resonance.