Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics of the edible clam Meretrix casta (Chemnitz) (International Union for Conservation of Nature status: Vulnerable) from two estuaries of North Kerala, south west coast of India

The population parameters of the edible clam Meretrix casta (Chemnitz) from two estuaries along the coast of north Kerala, Southern India were estimated. M. castahas been cited as vulnerable as per al. (2006a). Growth of M. casta from the east coast has been reported by Abraham (1963), Durve (1970: 73) and Sreenivasan (1983). Jayawickrema and Wijeyratne (2009) have described the population dynamics of M. (IUCN) population status. The asymptotic length (L∞) for M. castafrom Chaliyar estuary was 24.24 mm. The growth coefficient (K) was 1.8-1. The growth performance index (ф') was found to be 1.92 and t0 was calculated at -0.04283547 years. The length weight relationship is given by Log Y = -1.259635861 + 3.090977418Log X, r = 0.903010085. The total mortality (Z) estimate for M. castafrom Chaliyar estuary was 3.92 year-1; fishing mortality (F) 2.12 year-1. Exploitation level (E) was 0.54. The asymptotic length (L∞) for M. casta from Kavvai estuary was 26.5 mm. The growth coefficient (K) was 2.0-1. The growth performance index (ф') was found to be 2.03 and t0 was calculated at -0.03441665 years. The length weight relationship is given by Log Y = -0.98701877 + 3.054878207 Log X, r = 0.613724895. The total mortality (Z) estimate for M. casta from Kavvai estuary was 2.98 year-1; fishing mortality (F) 0.98 year-1. Exploitation level (E) was 0.33. The M. casta is under exploited from both the estuaries. There is potential for increased exploitation of the edible clam from both estuaries since the present exploitation levels are far below the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Key words: Meretrix casta, population dynamics, Chaliyar, Kavvai estuaries, south west coast of India.
The Role of Creditor Seniority in Europe's Sovereign Debt Crisis

type="main" xml:id="ecop12036-abs-0001"> The share of public debt that is held by lenders with preferred creditor status (i.e. the IMF, ECB, ESM, etc.) has increased substantially during Europe's sovereign debt crisis. Empirically, we document in both macro and survey data that there exists a close relationship between the increase in senior tranche lending and the interest rates of countries in crisis. With regard to policy implications, we point out a predicament that policymakers are facing: while aiming to stabilize interest rates at a reasonable level, providing further senior loans might achieve just the opposite, as private markets are gradually pushed into a junior position. — Sven Steinkamp and Frank Westermann
Video-based motion detection for stationary and moving cameras

In real world monitoring applications, moving object detection remains to be a challenging task due to factors such as background clutter and motion, illumination variations, weather conditions, noise, and occlusions. As a fundamental first step in many computer vision applications such as object tracking, behavior understanding, object or event recognition, and automated video surveillance, various motion detection algorithms have been developed ranging from simple approaches to more sophisticated ones. In this thesis, we present two moving object detection frameworks. The first framework is designed for robust detection of moving and static objects in videos acquired from stationary cameras. This method exploits the benefits of fusing a motion computation method based on spatiotemporal tensor formulation, a novel foreground and background modeling scheme, and a multi-cue appearance comparison. This hybrid system can handle challenges such as shadows, illumination changes, dynamic background, stopped and removed objects. Extensive testing performed on the CVPR 2014 Change Detection benchmark dataset shows that FTSG outperforms most state-of-the-art methods among 16 algorithms. The second framework adapts moving object detection to full motion videos acquired from moving airborne platforms. The video is stabilized with respect to a set of base-frames in the sequence. The stabilization is done by estimating four-point homographies using prominent feature (PF) block matching, motion filtering and RANSAC for robust matching. Once the frame to base frame homographies are available the flux tensor motion detection module using local second derivative information is applied to detect moving salient features. Spurious responses from the frame boundaries are removed and other postprocessing operations are applied to reduce the false alarms and produce accurate moving blob regions that will
PARABOLIC MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS

Following the definition of parabolic rational functions and in view of the behavior of transcendental meromorphic functions, we give the definition of parabolic transcendental meromorphic functions. We discuss their dynamical behavior and prove the existence of conformal measures and invariant measures over their Julia sets, thus extending Denker and Urba ´ nski’s work on parabolic rational functions. However, our method for proving the existence of the conformal measures differs in that we use the Perron‐ Frobenius‐Ruelle operator.
Record of three new Trichodina species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) parasitic on gills of freshwater fishes from Chongqing, China

The morphology of three ectoparasitic ciliates, Trichodina paraheterodentata sp. nov., Trichodina pseudominuta sp. nov. and Trichodina jialingensis sp. nov., parasitising the freshwater fishes from Chongqing, China, were investigated following dry silver nitrate and the methyl green-pyronin stain. T. paraheterodentatawas found on the skin of Siniperca chuatsi, and is distinguished mainly by the acute triangle-like blade, the well-developed central part, a little curved and robust ray. T. pseudominuta was isolated from the gills of Carassius auratus, and is characterized by the slanting parallelogram, relatively developed central part, long and slim ray arranged in helical form with the tip of ray extending past the Y+1 axis in the whole view of the parasite. T. jialingensis was collected from the gills ofCtenopharyngodon idellus, and is displaying irregular rectangular blade, undeveloped central part and the straight ray. Morphometric data and comparative descriptions of these trichodinids are provided along with details of their prevalence. Key words: Trichodina, new species, freshwater fish, Siniperca chuatsi, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, China.
The functional equation and beyond endoscopy

In his paper “Beyond endoscopy,” Langlands tries to understand functoriality via poles of L-functions. This paper further investigates the analytic continuation of an L-function associated to a GL2 automorphic form through the trace formula. Though the usual way to obtain the analytic continuation of an L-function is through its functional equation, this paper shows that by simply assuming the trace formula, the functional equation of the L-function may be recovered. This paper is a step towards understanding the analytic continuation of the L-function at the same time as capturing information about functoriality. From the perspective of analytic number theory, obtaining the functional equation from the trace formula implies that Voronoi summation should in general be also a consequence of the trace formula. 1. Beyond endoscopy Let AQ be the ring of adeles of Q, and be an automorphic cuspidal representation of GL2.AQ/. We define m. ;/ to be the order of the pole at sD 1 of L.s;;/ , where is a representation of the dual group GL2.C/. Langlands proposes the study of
Determining the Solar Radiation in Ayer Keroh, Melaka by using Hargreaves Method

This analysis is conducted to determine the ability of Hargreaves method that uses temperature difference and the latitude of the location to estimate the solar radiation. Location of the data is measured is at the weather station at Kompleks Makmal Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Ayer Keroh (2.2667N,102.2833E). The measured and estimated data solar radiation were analyzed and evaluated by using graphical and statistical method. The analysis shows that there is 61.56% difference between the estimated and measured data and the estimated data is over-estimated. After consideration of other factor that can affect the estimated solar radiation data, the Hargreaves method is considerably suitable for estimating solar radiation of a location.
Modelling 3D Anisotropic Elastic Data Using the Pseudospectral Approach

C-43 MODELLING 3D ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC DATA USING THE PSEUDOSPECTRAL APPROACH Summary 1 A method is described for modelling 3D elastic data in anisotropic media based on the pseudospectral approach. The goal is to model the effects of azimuthal anisotropy on 3D shear-wave data in particular the phenomenon of shear-wave splitting. The pseudospectral approach is used in preference to other gridded methods on efficiency grounds because of its economy in the number of grid points required. Higher order time-marching and staggered grids are used to reduce numerical artifacts. A comparison with the analytic result for a displacement source in a homogeneous
The Hawaiian Archipelago is a stepping stone for dispersal in the Pacific: an example from the plant genus Melicope (Rutaceae)

Aim Pacific biogeographical patterns in the widespread plant genus Melicope J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Rutaceae) were examined by generating phylogenetic hypotheses based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal sequence data. The aims of the study were to identify the number of colonization events of Melicope to the Hawaiian Islands and to reveal the relationship of Hawaiian Melicope to the Hawaiian endemic genus Platydesma H. Mann. The ultimate goal was to determine if the Hawaiian Islands served as a source area for the colonization of Polynesia.
φ-FRAMES AND φ-RIESZ BASES ON LOCALLY COMPACT ABELIAN GROUPS

We introduce φ-frames in L 2 ( G ), as a generalization of a - frames dened in (8), where G is a locally compact Abelian group and φ is a topological automorphism on G. We give a characterization of φ- frames with regard to usual frames in L 2 ( G ) and show that φ-frames share several useful properties with frames. We dene the associated φ-analysis and φ-preframe operators, with which we obtain criteria for a sequence to be a φ-frame or a φ-Bessel sequence. We also dene φ-Riesz bases in L 2( G ) and establish equivalent conditions for a sequence in L 2( G ) to be a φ-Riesz basis.
Revisiting the controversial issue of tropical tropospheric temperature trends

[1] Controversy remains over a discrepancy between modeled and observed tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends. This discrepancy is reassessed using simulations from the Coupled Climate Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP 5) together with radiosonde and surface observations that provide multiple realizations of possible “observed” temperatures given various methods of homogenizing the data. Over the 1979–2008 period, tropical temperature trends are not consistent with observations throughout the depth of the troposphere, and this primarily stems from a poor simulation of the surface temperature trends. This discrepancy is substantially reduced when (1) atmosphere-only simulations are examined or (2) the trends are considered as an amplification of the surface temperature trend with height. Using these approaches, it is shown that within observational uncertainty, the 5–95 percentile range of temperature trends from both coupled-ocean and atmosphere-only models are consistent with the analyzed observations at all but the upper most tropospheric level (150 hPa), and models with ultra-high horizontal resolution (≤ 0.5° × 0.5°) perform particularly well. Other than model resolution, it is hypothesized that this remaining discrepancy could be due to a poor representation of stratospheric ozone or remaining observational uncertainty.
An empirical investigation into the determinants and persistence of different types of subjective well-being

A comparison of three measures of subjective well-being indicates two areas of difference. First, life evaluation is less dependent on external circumstances than evaluation of the past year. Temporary changes in health, labor market status and income have a smaller impact on life evaluation than on evaluation of the past year. Second, measures concerning the whole life exhibit a significant positive relation between current and past levels of well-being, but there is no such relation in case of evaluation of the past year. Moreover, external factors have a greater impact on the emotional dimension of life evaluation than on cognitive.
Subantarctic mode water in the southeast Pacific: Effect of exchange across the Subantarctic Front

[1] This study considered cross-frontal exchange as a possible mechanism for the observed along-front freshening and cooling between the 27.0 and 27.3 kg m − 3 isopycnals north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) in the southeast Pacific Ocean. This isopycnal range, which includes the densest Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) formed in this region, is mostly below the mixed layer, and so experiences little direct air-sea forcing. Data from two cruises in the southeast Pacific were examined for evidence of cross-frontal exchange; numerous eddies and intrusions containing Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) water were observed north of the SAF, as well as a fresh surface layer during the summer cruise that was likely due to Ekman transport. These features penetrated north of the SAF, even though the potential vorticity structure of the SAF should have acted as a barrier to exchange. An optimum multiparameter (OMP) analysis incorporating a range of observed properties was used to estimate the cumulative cross-frontal exchange. The OMP analysis revealed an along-front increase in PFZ water fractional content in the region north of the SAF between the 27.1 and 27.3 kg m − 3 isopycnals; the increase was approximately 0.13 for every 15° of longitude. Between the 27.0 and 27.1 kg m − 3 isopycnals, the increase was approximately 0.15 for every 15° of longitude. A simple bulk calculation revealed that this magnitude of cross-frontal exchange could have caused the downstream evolution of SAMW temperature and salinity properties observed by Argo profiling floats.
A new methodological approach for estimating energy savings due to air movement in mixed mode buildings

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of air-conditioning in both residential and commercial buildings in India. Mixed mode buildings are buildings in which a combination of air-conditioning and natural ventilation is used to provide comfortable indoor environments. These buildings are likely to be less energy consuming than fully air-conditioned buildings, and further energy savings can be achieved by using air movement to increase the cooling set-point temperature without jeopardizing occupants’ thermal comfort. The aim of this research was to develop and test on a typical Indian apartment a methodology to quantify these energy savings using dynamic thermal simulations. The core of this method is the definition of the cooling set-point, which varies monthly according to the ASHRAE 55-2013 adaptive model. The results show that the annual energy demand for space cooling can be reduced by as much as up to 70 percent by using air motion devices. Moreover, the indoor thermal conditions during the occupied periods predicted by the model are closer to the values measured in field studies in India.
Assessment of bacteria as virulence agents for urinary tract infection in Egyptian patients

This study involved the examination of bacteriuria according to the results of quantitative cultures in over 300 urine samples collected from patients admitted at El-Hussein University Hospital. The infection rate of both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniawere found to be 26.92 and 11.54%; respectively. As the glucose and albumin concentration increased, the number of all infectious organisms greatly increased. Similarly, when creatinine concentration elevated up to 3.5 g/l, the infectious organisms (Enterobacter faecalis, Streptococcus sp. (B) group, Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa,Enterobacter sp. and Citrobacter freundii) significantly increased. The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium oxalate (CaC2O4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and uric acid (C5H4N4O3) concentrations fluctuated according to the concentration used and the type of each infectious organism. Noracin was effective against all tested organisms.Acinetobacter sp. recorded 50% resistance to ampicillin while it was sensitive to all other tested antibiotics. Key words: Bacteriuria, creatinine, antibiotics.
Elegiac ascent: Plotting a path through Propertius' poetic landscape

This thesis argues that Propertius’ poetic development and growing Callimacheanism can be charted through a programmatic reading of his landscapes. It examines Propertius’ evolution as a poet from the beginning of book two onwards as he begins to move away from the intensely personal poetry of book one on his journey to becoming the Roman Callimachus as he presents himself in book four. It focuses on four poems – 2.10, 3.1, 3.3 and 4.9 – and argues that the landscapes depicted therein reveal a poet continually re-evaluating the status of elegy and the hierarchy of genres and ever increasing in confidence as he engages and aligns more explicitly with Callimachean ideals. It shows that Propertius constructs and responds to programmatic landscapes in a more self-aware fashion than has previously been demonstrated with a greater level of complexity than has been observed.
Corporate Organization in Japan and the United States: Is There Evidence of Convergence?

We investigate the changing structure of Japanese and U.S. companies and ask whether there are signs of national convergence in corporate organization. We present three types of evidence to address this question: longitudinal data, cross-sectional survey data, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The models are ideal types of Japanese and U.S. companies and relate human-resource strategy and corporate governance to organizational outcomes such as employment practices and the role of the executive HR function. We find mixed evidence of convergence. The longitudinal data show some Japanese companies becoming more like those in the United States and the SEM results show a Japanese-style model emerging in some U.S. companies. However, there is also evidence from the survey data and from the SEM results of continuing differences in corporate governance, employment, and executive-decision making in Japan and the United States.
Quantitative analysis of potentially toxic metals in alginates for dental use

Alginate is one the materials most employed in practice to make dental impressions. Substances like zinc, cadmium and lead silicate, which are included in several alginate brands with the aim of improving their physical, chemical and mechanical properties, are a source of serious concern as regards their toxicity. The most serious chronic effect of oral exposure to cadmium is renal toxicity. Assimilation of lead has deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic system, cardiovascular system, central and peripheral nervous systems, kidneys, immune system, and reproductive system. Chronic oral exposures to zinc have resulted in hypochromic and microcyte anemia in some individuals. The aim of the present study was to measure the cadmium, lead and zinc contents of seven brands of alginate for dental use on sale in Brazil. The samples were weighed and placed in the Teflon cups of a closedsystem microwave oven. Aqua regia (4mL concentrated HCl:HNO3, 3:1 v/v) and hydrofluoric acid (2mL concentrated HF) were added to the samples, which were then subjected to heating. The samples were then cooled to room temperature and diluted to 25 mL in deionized water in a volumetric glass flask. The samples were diluted in duplicate and analyzed against a reagent blank. The analyses were performed in an atomic absorption flame spectrophotometer. Neither lead nor cadmium was detected. Zinc contents ranged from 0.001% to 1.36% by weight. The alginates exhibited low contents of the metals under study and gave no cause for concern regarding toxicity; even so, it is advisable to monitor potentially toxic materials continually and to analyze their plasmatic levels in the professionals working with them.
Entrepreneur as Change Agent: Antecedents and Moderators of Individual-Level Philanthropic Behavior

What motivates entrepreneurs' philanthropic acts? Philanthropy has been key to American social and cultural development, and it is also a major driver, along with entrepreneurship, of the American economy. To help researchers better understand the antecedents of entrepreneurs' philanthropic giving, we develop a theoretical model of individual-level philanthropic actions. As antecedents of philanthropic actions in our model, we include three theoretical constructs (immortality striving, legacy creation, and generativity) from the psychology and social psychology literatures. We also propose several variables that we expect to moderate these relationships including entrepreneur age, gender, religious orientation, and wealth. Lastly, we offer directions for future research.
The Black-Scholes and Heston Models for Option Pricing

Stochastic volatility models on option pricing have received much study following the discovery of the non-at implied surface following the crash of the stock markets in 1987. The most widely used stochastic volatility model is introduced by Heston (1993) because of its ability to generate volatility satisfying the market observations, being non-negative and mean-reverting, and also providing a closed-form solution for the European options. However, little research has been done on Heston model used to price early-exercise options. This presumably is largely due to the absence of a closed-form solution and the increase in computational requirement that complicates the required calibration exercise. This thesis examines the performance of the Heston model versus the Black-Scholes model for the American Style equity option of Microsoft and the index option of SP and it is negatively related with the risk free rate, r and the volatility of volatility, σ. By comparing the European put option and the American put option under the Heston model, we observe that their implied volatility generally follow similar patterns. However, there are still some interesting observations that can be made from the comparison of the two put options. First, for the out-of-the-money category, the American and European options have rather comparable implied volatilities with the American options' implied volatility being slightly bigger than the European options. While for the in-the-money category, the implied volatility of the European options is notably higher than the American options and its value exceeds the implied volatility of the American options. We also assess the performance of the Heston model by comparing its result with the result from the Black-Scholes model. We observe that overall the Heston model performs better than the Black-Scholes model. In particular, the Heston model has tendency of underpricing the in-the-money option and overpricing the out-of-the-money option. Whereas,