Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-doping and Human Rights in Sport: The Case of the AFL and the WADA Code

In 2005, after considerable pressure from the Federal Government, the Australian Football League (AFL) agreed to adopt the World Anti-Doping Agency Code 2003 (WADA Code 7. This came into effect for the 2006AFL season. There was substantial opposition to the new WADACode from both the AFL and the AFL Players'Association. One reason was that the AFL already had an effective anti-doping code of its own in place. A second was that the AFL had implemented at the beginning of 2005 its own Illicit Drugs Policy ('IDP '). Given that the AFL already had its own framework for dealing with drug infringements, a framework based on long and careful research, the need for the WADA Code was questionable. In some respects, the AFL j. own IDP was tougher than the WADA Code: it operated 44 weeks per year. The WADA Code is designed only for 'in-competition' infringements. Ultimately, as the WADA Code will be applied to AFL football, the question is its legality in certain circumstances. This paper questions whether any suspension of an AFL player for taklng recreational drugs in circumstances where there will be no pevformance beneJit can be defended as lawful. There are good reasons to think that any such suspension will be an unlawful restraint of a player j. trade as an AFL footballeu:
Adjusting position-orientation of large components based on key features

To realize automatic adjustment of large aircraft components,the postures of large components were expressed and the adjustment vectors with six degrees of freedom were determined.For the assembly variation accumulation on the surface of large components,it was difficult to obtain the correct assembly vector with the traditional method,which took the measured points on the surface of large components as assembly reference points to calculate large components' postures.A new method based on key features of large components was proposed.The key characteristics of large component were identified and the assembly vector was obtained.By optimizing the tolerance distribution,the optimal assembly matrix satisfying assembly quality requirements was established.This method defined component postures accurately and improved the assembly quality and efficiency.Through the application of assembling horizontal stabilizer and vertical stabilizer,and comparison with the conventional posture adjusting method,the validity of the method was verified.
OVERVIEW ON KERNELS FOR LEAST-SQUARES SUPPORT-VECTOR-MACHINE-BASED CLUSTERING: EXPLAINING KERNEL SPECTRAL CLUSTERING

This letter presents an overview on some remarkable basics on kernels as well as the formulation of a clustering approach based on least-squares support vector machines. Speciﬁcally, the method known as kernel spectral clustering (KSC) is of interest. We explore the links between KSC and a weighted version of kernel principal component analysis (WKPCA). Also, we study the solution of the KSC problem by means of a primal-dual scheme. All mathematical developments are carried out following an entirely matrix formulation. As a result, in addition to the elegant KSC formulation, important insights and hints about the use and design of kernel-based approaches for clustering are provided.
Bemessungsdiagramme für den biegebeanspruchten Stab im Holzbau

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden, aufbauend auf die Bemessungsdiagramme für einen Biegeträger einer Dachkonstruktion mit homogenem Stabquerschnitt [ 1 ], die Erweiterung um den inhomogenen Stabquerschnitt (geschichteter Verbundquerschnitt) sowie die Implementierung der Schwingungsnachweise gezeigt. Während bei den Bemessungsdiagrammen für den homogenen Stabquerschnitt sowohl die ULS‐ als auch die SLS‐Nachweise von Relevanz waren, treten bei Erweiterung um die Schwingungsnachweise sowie aufgrund der Einflüsse des inhomogenen Querschnittsaufbaues vorrangig die SLS‐Nachweise auf. Das Schwingungsverhalten von Deckentragwerken wird wesentlich durch die Lagerungsbedingungen beeinflusst. Die Einspanneffekte im Bereich des Anschlussdetails Wand‐Decke zufolge der Geschossauflasten werden bei der Bestimmung der Eigenfrequenz berücksichtigt.
Willingness-to-pay for automated vehicles: A random parameters and random thresholds HOPIT model

It is argued that CAVs technology may significantly change both transportation demand and supply sides. However, their potential impacts have yet to be understood and incorporated into transportation plans. In an effort to understand public acceptance and adoption of these technologies, this paper presents the results of a recent internet-based survey conducted in Chicago Metropolitan area. An extended version of Hierarchical Ordered Probit model is presented to estimate respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for adding partial automation (Level 3) and full automation (Level 4) to their next vehicle purchase. Survey results indicate that average WTP for adding level 3 is $3225 and for adding level 4 is $5475. It is also found that possibility of imperfect performance in response to unexpected traffic situations is the most critical concern of the respondents, while having more productive use of time in the vehicle and experiencing less stressful driving are the most anticipated benefits. Respondents with higher income, those who regularly drive to workplace, those who anticipates higher safety and better fuel efficiency from CAVs, and technology-savvy individuals have greater interest in and higher WTP for the new vehicle technologies. The analysis of estimation results reveals that the proposed random parameters random thresholds HOPIT model is statistically superior to its counterparts in terms of goodness-of-fit measures and prediction accuracy.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Game Edukasi Pembelajaran Aksara Lampung "Ajo dan Atu - Belajar Aksara Lampung ", berbasis Android dengan Sistem Multi-Ending Menggunakan Engine Ren’Py

Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini berkembang sangat pesat. Teknologi tersebut banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan, antara lain agar dapat terhubung dengan kerabat yang jauh, mencari informasi, dan game . Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembangunan game edukasi pembelajaran aksara Lampung menggunakan metode extreme programming, dengan alat bantu Ren’Py Engine. Game yang dikembangkan berdasarkan kebutuhan calon pengguna untuk belajar aksara Lampung. Dari hasil iterasi menggunakan extreme programming , telah menghasilkan sebuah game edukasi yang memiliki sistem multi-ending dan sistem point . Sistem ini dapat membantu pengguna untuk belajar aksara Lampung, game edukasi ini dikembangkan untuk perangkat smartphone Android yang memiliki sistem operasi minimal versi 2.3+ ( gingerbread ), sehingga game ini dapat dimainkan dimanapun dan kapan pun. Kata kunci : game edukasi belajar aksara Lampung, multi-ending, metode extreme programming
Updated Surge‐Type Glacier Inventory in the West Kunlun Mountains, Tibetan Plateau, and Implications for Glacier Change

Glacier surging is a dynamic instability that affects the flow of some glaciers, modifying the glacier area, surface velocity, and surface elevation. It is also among the major causes of ice dams and glacier lake floods. Previous studies have shown that in the West Kunlun Mountains| (WKM) where a cluster of surge‐type glaciers had been found, the glaciers were relatively stable in recent years. Nevertheless, the surge cycle and its impact on glacier changes on a regional scale are poorly understood. In this study, we updated the surge‐type glacier inventory of the WKM using the detailed changes in glacier length, surface velocity, and surface elevation during the 1972–2020 period using 78 Landsat optical images, 86 Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and three digital elevation models of the WKM. The updated results show that among the 423 glaciers in the WKM, 10 are confirmed as surge‐type glaciers, three are likely surge‐type glaciers, and five are possible surge‐type glaciers. Furthermore, these 18 glaciers account for 63% of the total glacier area. During the period analyzed, there were marked changes in the lengths, areas and surface elevations of all surge‐type glaciers, while those of the non‐surge‐type glaciers were relatively stable. These results appear to indicate that the observed regional trends of glaciers in the WKM recently may be related to the existence of surge‐type glaciers. Furthermore, the surge‐type glacier underwent advance after accelerating for 3–4 years, which could be used to forecast when glacier termini may advance and avoid the possible catastrophic damages.
Particle swarm optimization application to microwave circuits

This letter presents the concept of particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique applied to two sets of microwave circuits: microstrip coupler and single shunt stub matching circuit. The PSO technique that is applied to these two set of designs is tested and compared with simulation results. The results show that PSO is an efficient method for solving these kinds of problems and can be applied for the design of microwave circuits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1333–1336, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23369
The Attitudes of EFL Learners Towards Using UHDEL Moodle Site

Nowadays internet is used extensively in different aspects of life, especially in the process of teaching and learning. Due to this widespread use of internet, the researcher, who was the head of English department at the University of Halabja, created a Moodle site to the department at the beginning of the academic year (2014-2015) to facilitate teaching\learning process at the department. UHDEL refers to University of Halabja\Department of English Language. At the end of the year, he conducted this research study to discover the attitudes of the students towards using this Moodle. To achieve this aim, the researcher designed a questionnaire in which the students were required to reflect on using this Moodle site in their learning. The major finding of the study is that the students use the Moodle site regularly and get a great benefit from it. Furthermore, they are satisfied in using it because they can use it easily to get the class materials and resources from their teachers.
Application of Helicopter Laser Scanning 3D Imaging Technology in Transmission Lines

In the power system,the traditional ways of artificial maintenance of the line can not meet the acquirements of power system.In order to solve the above problem,light detection and ranging(LIDAR) technology can be used to get spatial data of objects quickly.Through the laser transmitter and receiver,with the data from GPS and inertial navigation system(IMU),the helicopter LIDAR technology can help the operational management department of power system to acquire transmission line corridors and equipment's 3D information.According to recent research at home and abroad,a set of three-dimensional laser scanning imaging system has been integrated including scanner header,IMU and digital camera.The 3D data has been successfully used in the operation and maintenance of transmission lines.The results show that the adoption of helicopters LIDAR technology can provide a technical support to the transmission lines in operation assessment,fault analysis and emergency rescue.
P2‐K0.76Fe0.2Mg0.1Mn0.7O2 made from earth‐abundant elements for rechargeable potassium ion battery

Due to the large volume change, limited energy density, large safety problems, and other factors restricting the development of potassium ion battery in the process of charge and discharge, the research on the cathode materials of potassium ion battery is an indispensable part. In this article, we designed and predicted P2‐type structures by introducing “cationic potential” that captures the key interactions of the layered materials. The precursors of the designed potassium ion battery cathode materials were obtained by co‐precipitation method. Through component analysis, the experimental conditions most in line with the theoretical content of precursors were found. The cathode material was synthesized by solid phase method. This material has a highly reversible K+ insertion/deinsertion effect. The initial discharge specific capacity of the battery appears at about 47 mAh/g. After 30 charge‐discharge cycle tests, the discharge specific capacity of the battery drops to about 33 mAh/g, and the retention rate is about 70%.
18‐5: A 1058‐ppi 4K Ultrahigh‐Resolution and High Aperture LCD with Transparent Pixels using OS/OC Technology

A 4.3-inch 1058-ppi 4K liquid crystal display was fabricated using top-gate field-effect transistors (FETs) comprising a cloud-aligned composite oxide semiconductor. For transparent pixels comprising an oxide semiconductor/oxide conductor (OS/OC), FETs, wirings, capacitors, and contacts in the pixels are transparent. This display achieves a 63.6% aperture ratio and low power consumption.
Evolving anomalous SST patterns leading to ENSO extremes: relations between the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the influence on the South American rainfall

Several studies have provided observational and numerical evidence that the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are influenced by the tropical Atlantic within a one season time scale. The influence of the Atlantic equatorial mode (AEM) in the Pacific El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode is observationally re‐examined. The analyses focus on the ENSO‐related evolving sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the Tropics that follow the occurrences of AEM events and those that are independent of the AEM. The cold (warm) AEM followed by El Niño (La Niña) shows a sequence of maps that might be explained by the mechanism previously outlined on the relationship of the tropical Atlantic and the other tropical Oceans. This mechanism involves an anomalous Atlantic Walker circulation and a Gill–Matsuno‐type atmospheric response to anomalous cooling or warming in the tropical Atlantic. The seasonal timing of the relationship studied differs from that of the previous studies. Here, it is noted that the Atlantic SST anomalous conditions are persistent and might be noted 5–6 months before that proposed in previous results. Furthermore, the ENSO extreme conditions are reinforced and maintained by the east–west SST anomalous gradient in the tropical Pacific. Also, the precipitation composites over South America for the ENSO extremes, which are AEM‐dependent and AEM‐independent cases, are discussed. The AEM‐dependent ENSO extremes combine the effects from the tropical Pacific, and equatorial and tropical South Atlantic on the rainfall over South America. The results presented here, to the authors' knowledge, have not been discussed before and might represent a potential for long lead predictability of the climate variations in the tropical Pacific. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Wide locking range divide‐by‐4 injection locked frequency dividers

This article proposes techniques for improving locking range of divide‐by‐4 injection locked frequency divider (D4ILFD). Two D4ILFDs were designed and implemented. One D4ILFD is made of tapped resonator; the other ILFD is made of switched resonator. Both circuits use a complementary CMOS LC‐tank oscillator and are based on the direct injection topology. The wideband function of switched resonator D4ILFD is obtained by tuning the switch across the tank inductors and the varactors. At the supply voltage of 1.8 V and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range of switched resonator D4ILFD is from 7.11 to 9.4 GHz. At the supply voltage of 1.2 V and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range of the tapped inductor D4ILDS is from 7.39 to 9.44 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1533–1536, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22481
A novel hybrid model based on least square support vector machine and weight coefficients optimization: A case study of short-term electric load forecasting

Electric load forecasting, as a crucial way to tackle the energy tasks, helps to provide correct guidance and reduce energy consumption for an electric system. This paper introduces a novel forecasting method that combines wavelet transform (WT) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an extreme learning machine, phase space reconstruction (PSR), and a least squares support vector machine. Because the electric data that are easily interfered by many factors are unstable, directly adopting the data containing noise will affect the forecasting performance. Prior to the electric forecasting conduct, WT is adopted to reduce the noise. Because only a single method is not able to suit for all kinds of data, three individual models with a strong nonlinear learning capability are applied to deal with the whole time series that have complex nonlinear characteristics. They are used to obtain intermediate forecasting results. Besides, the C-C method is utilized to acquire the optimal delay time and embedding dime.
Pesticides and Herbicides

ANALYTICAL METHODS Kookana and Simpson (2000) present a review of pesticide sampling and analytical protocols. Clausen determined that pesticides with high solubility and low Kow values can be strongly retained by filter membranes, while GonzalezPradas et al. (2000) showed cerium-montmorillonite to be beneficial in removing atrazine from water. Surface films and subsurface water on small dugout ponds were sampled for 2,4-D, bromoxynil, triallate, trifluralin, dicamba, diclofop, and MCPA to study sample variability (Waite et al., 2000). Samples varied by 40% for surface films and by 25% for subsurface waters. Several new techniques for measuring pesticides were reported. Liquid chromatograph/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/APCI/MS) was used to measure trace levels of cyanazine, cyanazine amide, and cyanazine acid in groundwater (Ferrer et al., 2000), while Kimmel et al. (2000) characterized the unsaturated C10-components and their amounts in technical toxaphene using chromatography/FTIR spectroscopy. Labra-Espina et al. (2000) designed a flow injection biosensor system for the analysis of PCP using a substrate recycling scheme comprising immobilized bibirubin oxidase in the presence of excess of NADH, and De Martinis and Lancas (2000) describe a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system that uses a newly designed extraction cell to recover organic compounds from an aqueous matrix. Their percent recovery using the
Comprehensive approach for hybrid AC/DC distribution network planning using genetic algorithm

The neoteric AC/DC distribution networks are becoming more practical and cost-effective for several reasons such as high penetration of DC distributed generations (DGs) and also ever-increasing growth of sensitive DC electronic loads. Using these networks eliminates some required conversion stages which result in reduced costs and better power quality and reliability. This paper evaluates the economic efficiency of hybrid AC/DC distribution systems compared with conventional AC ones. For this purpose, a conceptual methodology for AC/DC distribution system planning is developed for making a fair comparison between AC and AC/DC distribution systems costs. The proposed methodology determines the optimal AC/DC distribution substation location and size and AC/DC feeder routing, as well as length and capacity of AC/DC feeders in both low-voltage and medium-voltage sides. The cost function comprises of investment and operational costs, including costs of construction, reliability, and loss. The proposed AC/DC planning approach is implemented in a region with no pre-assigned distribution system in different cases, and results are compared in both AC and AC/DC planning scenarios. Numerical results reveal that using hybrid AC/DC distribution systems in comparison with commonly used AC ones can lead to reduced total costs in the presence of sensitive loads and also high penetration of DGs.
Empirical modeling of plasma sheet pressure and three‐dimensional force‐balanced magnetospheric magnetic field structure: 1. Observation

A three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetic field configuration in force balance with a realistic plasma pressure distribution can provide more accurate evaluation of the role of magnetic field on plasma sheet dynamics and M‐I coupling. We used Geotail and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) data to establish an empirical model for nightside equatorial isotropic plasma pressure to r = 30 RE for Kp = 0–5 and for solar wind dynamic pressure (PSW) = 1.5 and 3 nPa. The model pressure is used in the companion paper for modeling a 3‐D force‐balanced pressure and magnetic field equilibrium. Larger convection during higher Kp drives the plasma sheet further earthward, resulting in larger increase of pressure and pressure gradient at smaller radial distance. On the other hand, magnetosphere compression by increasing PSW enhances pressure and pressure gradient mainly in the tail plasma sheet. While both pressure and radial gradients are enhanced with increasing Kp or PSW, there is no significant azimuthal pressure variation statistically under all Kp and PSW conditions. The empirical pressures well reproduce these statistical profiles with very high correlation coefficients. Additionally, comparisons with pressure gradients computed using two simultaneous measurements from two THEMIS spacecraft show reasonable agreement. Furthermore, our model provides more accurate pressure gradients than previous empirical models. The model magnetic field distributions obtained in the companion paper from requiring force balance with these empirical pressure profiles are also found to be consistent with the magnetic field observations, indicating that our equilibria well represent realistic 3‐D pressure and magnetic field configurations.