Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of US and European methods for accident scenario identification, selection, and quantification

The various methods used to identify and select accident-initiating events for safety analysis and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of fusion reactors are compared. Initiating events are important in that they define the extent of a given safety analysis or PRA. Comprehensiveness in identification and selection of initiating events is necessary to ensure that a thorough analysis is being performed. While total completeness cannot ever be realized, inclusion of all safety significant events can be attained. The European approach to initiating event identification and selection arises from within a newly developed safety analysis methodology framework. This is a functional approach, with accident initiators based on events that will cause a system or facility loss of function. The US method divides accident initiators into two groups, internal and external events. Since traditional US PRA techniques are applied to fusion facilities, the recommended PRA-based approach is a review of historical safety documents coupled with a facility-level Master Logic Diagram. The US and European methods are described, and both are applied to a proposed International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER) magnet system in a sample problem. Contrasts in the US and European methods are discussed. <<ETX>>
Grid-tied Power Conditioning System for Fuel Cell Composed of Three-phase Current-fed DC-DC Converter and PWM Inverter

This paper proposes a grid-tied power conditioning system for fuel cell, which consists of three-phase current-fed DC-DC converter and three-phase PWM inverter. The three-phase current-fed DC-DC converter boosts fuel cell voltage of 26-48 V up to 400 V with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) scheme, while the three-phase PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) inverter controls the active and reactive power supplied to the grid. The operation of the proposed power conditioning system with fuel cell model is verified through simulations with PSCAD/EMTDC software. The feasibility of hardware implementation is verified through experimental works with a laboratory prototype with 1.2 ㎾ proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack. The proposed power conditioning system can be commercialized to interconnect the fuel cell with the power grid.
Efficiency of base isolation systems in structural seismic protection and energetic assessment

This paper concerns the seismic response of structures isolated at the base by means of High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB). The analysis is performed by using a stochastic approach, and a Gaussian zero mean filtered non‐stationary stochastic process is used in order to model the seismic acceleration acting at the base of the structure. More precisely, the generalized Kanai–Tajimi model is adopted to describe the non‐stationary amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic motion.
Exploring integrin and growth factor receptor crosstalk mechanisms

Abstract Joanna R. Thomas; Exploring integrin and growth factor receptor crosstalk mechanisms. The pro-invasive integrin αvβ6 is upregulated in a range of carcinomas, from normally very low levels, and is associated with poor prognosis. Therapeutic targeting of αvβ6 with inhibitory antibodies has produced promising results in breast cancer models in vivo. Preclinical evidence has suggested that αvβ6 and EGFR expression correlate in disease, and that a co-operative relationship between αvβ6 and EGFR may exist in vivo. This study aimed to determine if αvβ6 and EGFR are functionally integrated, and to investigate wider mechanisms of integrin and growth factor receptor crosstalk. Immunofluorescent imaging, under steady-state conditions, demonstrated co-localisation between αvβ6 and EGFR in MDA-MB-468 cells in protrusive structures and endosomes. In addition, imaging and integrin-associated complex (IAC) enrichment approaches revealed that EGFR was recruited to sites of αvβ6 engagement on the αvβ6-selective ligand, latency-associated peptide (LAP). Importantly, reciprocal EGF or LAP stimulation increased EGFR and αvβ6 co-localisation with early endosomes, indicative of co-internalisation. Together, these data suggest a co-regulatory relationship between αvβ6 integrin and EGFR that impacts receptor trafficking mechanisms. Stimulation with LAP caused the phosphorylation of ERK, indicating αvβ6 positively regulates MAPK pathway signalling, and that signalling crosstalk may also exist between αvβ6 and EGFR. Bioinformatic interrogation of αvβ6-IACs revealed αvβ6-medated adhesions are conducive sites of EGFR signalling. The identification of proteins associated with endocytosis and receptor trafficking highlighted liprin α1 as an important potential mediator of αvβ6 and EGFR crosstalk. The over-representation of Hippo pathway regulators at αvβ6-IACs led to on-going work that has identified αvβ6 as a regulator of YAP nuclear localisation and suggests that αvβ6-EGFR crosstalk is a determinant of this function. Proteomic analysis of EGF regulated IAC components led to the identification of the adaptor protein Eps8 as a novel mediator of integrin and EGFR crosstalk. Eps8 functions to constrain endocytosis of α5β1 and EGFR and is required for adhesion organisation. These functions have direct consequences for adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics. On-going analysis of candidates identified from αvβ6-IAC proteomics will elucidate how αvβ6 and EGFR signalling networks and trafficking are integrated. In the future we aim to determine how these mechanisms contribute to αvβ6-dependent breast cancer cell invasion, and how αvβ6-EGFR receptor crosstalk understanding may contribute to the success of αvβ6-targeted therapeutics.
Degradation of military body armor due to wear: Laboratory testing

Personal armor, including body armor, is protective clothing designed to either absorb or deflect attacks that would usually be fatal to an individual. These attacks include, but are not limited to, slashing, bludgeoning, stabbing and ballistic threats. In the UK, body armor is worn by police officers for their shift; however, military personnel (particularly when based overseas) may wear body armor continuously for much longer time periods. Thus, the effect of wear due to use on the performance of body armor is of interest. Testing of body armor after actual use is problematic for several reasons including, but not limited to, (i) access to such items and (ii) a lack of knowledge of exactly what the body armor has been exposed to. Thus the use of laboratory testing to understand degradation of body armor is of interest to many agencies. Additionally, laboratory testing allows for the effect of variables to be investigated independently of each other, as well as in combination. The effect of inter-layer wear between apparel items and/or among layers of fabric within apparel does not appear to be systematically explored in the literature. In this paper, the effect of wear on (i) the tensile strength and (ii) the fragment protective performance of fabrics packs containing a para-aramid woven fabric typical of those used to manufacture body armor was investigated.
Modeling a Planar Coupled Microstrip Lines using various Wavelets and Method of Moments

In this paper, we apply a several wavelets basis functions to the method of moments to modeling the parallel-coupled microstrip lines. The ﬁrst set of equations is for the shielded microstrip line solved with moment’s method and wavelets. The Green’s function is obtained from the theory of images. The second set are for the parallel-coupled microstrip lines operating in the TEM mode or when the analysis can be based on quasi-static approximation, the properties of coupled lines can be determined from the self- and mutual inductances and capacitances for the lines. To demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed technique, numerical results of even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances, coupling coefficient, percentage sparsity achieved in the impedance matrix, the CPU Time to reverse impedance matrix, and error relative for Daubechies, Coiflets, Biorthogonal and Symlets wavelets are presented. Numerical results are in good agreement with those in previous publications.
Perceptions of purpose, cohesion, and military leadership: A path analysis of potential primary prevention targets to mitigate suicidal ideation

ABSTRACT Rates of suicide in the US Army continue to rise, and by some accounts exceed the general population. This increase has renewed efforts to identify protective factors that may inform novel suicide prevention strategies. Previous research has demonstrated that a sense of purpose in life and perceived cohesion with military peers are related to a reduction in the severity of suicidal ideation (SI). Additionally, research in military samples supports decreased SI in Soldiers who endorse that their leaders convey a sense of purpose and meaning in their shared mission. However, no work has investigated whether these leadership styles relate to a sense of felt purpose and perceived cohesion in Soldiers and thus the indirect effect of these leadership styles on SI. Active duty Army Soldiers (n = 1,160) completed self-report measures of purpose in life (PiL), perceived cohesion, ethical leadership, loneliness, and SI. Indirect effect analyses were conducted to determine how leadership behaviors indirectly relate to SI through PiL and perceived cohesion. Indirect effect analyses revealed that ethical leadership had an indirect effect on reduced SI through increased PiL. In the same parallel indirect effect analysis, ethical leadership was related to less SI through increased perceived cohesion and decreased loneliness sequentially. Enhanced leadership training that effectively increases Soldier purpose may be an important primary prevention tool to mitigate the effect of suicide risk factors. This primary prevention strategy may help augment existing suicide surveillance and clinical prevention efforts to reduce Soldier risk for suicide.
Simulation of manufacturing processes and manufacturing chains using finite element techniques

This thesis presents work on the simulation of manufacturing chains, simulation of manufacturing processes (casting, forging, shot-peening and heat treatment) and fatigue life prediction by using the finite element method (FEM). The objectives and the contributions of this thesis consist of development of mathematical algorithms and techniques for mapping and transferring FE data (stresses, strains, displacements, etc.) from macro-to-macro and micro-to-macro FE models among different FE solvers and meshes. All these features have been implemented into a new finite element data exchange system (FEDES). FEDES has been developed to simulate manufacturing chains by using FE techniques. Extensive research has been carried out on the simulation of investment casting processes of aero-engine parts under equiaxed and directional cooling. Methodologies for predicting the component life undergoing low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) have been developed. Life prediction based on the effect of the residual stresses obtained from micro machining and shot-peening processes has been investigated. FEDES has been used to simulate two manufacturing chains where the residual stresses and the distortions after each manufacturing process have been passed to the next process of the chain. Manufacturing chain simulation including casting, forging and heat treatment has been carried out on a simple parallelepiped geometry. A second manufacturing chain simulation has been performed on an aero-engine vane component which includes the following manufacturing processes: metal deposition, welding, heat treatment, machining and shot-peening. An investment casting simulation under equiaxed cooling of the bottom core vane (BCV) component of the aero-engines vane has been performed. The gap formation and the gap conductance have been studied and implemented in the analyses. The main goal is to investigate the residual stresses in the BCV cast with Inconel 718 material. Two FE solvers (ABAQUS and ProCAST) have been used for validation purposes. An investment casting simulation under directional cooling in a Bridgman furnace of a high pressure turbine blade (HPTB) with CMSX-4 material has been carried out. The effect of the withdrawal velocity on the temperature and the residual stresses of the HPTB cast has been investigated.
Research on the Development of Baseball Pitching Machine Controlling Pitch Type using Neural Network

The most common commercial pitching machines for baseball are the "arm" type and the "two rollers" type. These machines tend to have certain limitations. In particular, it is very difficult to simultaneously change both ball speed and direction. In addition, some types of pitches, such as the curveball or screwball, are not easily achieved. In this study, we will explain the hardware and software design of a new "intelligent" pitching machine which can pitch repeatedly with selectable speed, direction and ball rotation. The machine has three rollers and the motion of each is independently controlled by a hierarchical neural network. If the ball speed, direction and rotation are given as input data to this network, signals for controlling the three rollers are produced as output data. The results of a throw experiment with the machine that we developed are shown, which has the ability to pitch assorted breaking balls with a wide range of speeds, from 19.4 to 44.4 m/s. The machine has a speed error of less than about 3%, and a distance error of about 0.15m (twice the length of a ball's diameter).
Wave power absorption : Experiments in open sea and simulation

A full scale prototype of a wave power plant based on a direct drive linear generator driven by a point absorber has been installed at the west coast of Sweden. In this paper, experimentally collected data of energy absorption for different electrical loads are used to verify a model of the wave power plant including the interactions of wave, buoy, generator, and external load circuit. The wave-buoy interaction is modeled with linear potential wave theory. The generator is modeled as a nonlinear mechanical damping function that is dependent on piston velocity and electric load. The results show good agreement between experiments and simulations. Potential wave theory is well suited for the modeling of a point absorber in normal operation and for the design of future converters. Moreover, the simulations are fast, which opens up for simulations of wave farms.
Parents’ perspectives towards sexual and reproductive health and rights education among adolescents in Jordan: content, timing and preferred sources of information

ABSTRACT Young people require good quality information about their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) while transitioning to adulthood and parents have a key role in providing it. This study intended explored Jordanian and Syrian parents’ perspectives on initiating discussions about SRHR with their children. A convenience sample of Jordanian and Syrian parents of young people aged 15–19 years old was recruited from local community centres in four cities in Jordan. Data were collected through 20 focus groups and analysed using iterative thematic coding. Four main themes were developed: ‘SRHR awareness starts at home’, ‘Tell them everything … . but “about sex, no”’, ‘Engagement or marriage is the gateway to education about sexual intercourse, and ‘Credible sources of SRH information: schools, not peers’. Parents felt motivated to initiate sensitive discussions with their children and were supportive of the introduction of sexual health education into the school curriculum. Creative approaches to overcoming cultural sensitivities were preferred, for example preparing young people for a healthy marital life, rather than an explicit focus on sexual health education.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Submitted to: Maureen Madison, Ph.D. Public Health Advisor Division of Prevention, Traumatic Stress, and Special Programs Center for Mental Health Services Administration 1 Choke Cherry Road, 6-1100 Rockville, MD 20857 Phone: 240-276-1772 maureen.madison@samhsa.hhs. gov Jon Dunbar-Cooper, M.A., C.P.P. Public Health Analyst Division of Systems Development Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 1 Choke Cherry Road, 4-1020 Rockville, MD 20857 Phone: 240-276-2573 jon.dunbar@samhsa.hhs. gov
Vertical and lateral GaN rectifiers on free-standing GaN substrates

Edge-terminated Schottky rectifiers fabricated on quasibulk GaN substrates showed a strong dependence of reverse breakdown voltage VB on contact dimension and on rectifier geometry (lateral versus vertical). For small diameter (75 μm) Schottky contacts, VB measured in the vertical geometry was ∼700 V, with an on-state resistance (RON) of 3 mΩ cm2, producing a figure-of-merit VB2/RON of 162.8 MW cm−2. Measured in the lateral geometry, these same rectifiers had VB of ∼250 V, RON of 1.7 mΩ cm2 and figure-of-merit 36.5 MW cm−2. The forward turn-on voltage (VF) was ∼1.8 V (defined at a current density of 100 A cm−2), producing VB/VF ratios of 139–389. In very large diameter (∼5 mm) rectifiers, VB dropped to ∼6 V, but forward currents up to 500 mA were obtained in dc measurements.
Causal Association between Bone Mineral Density and Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective. To examine whether bone mineral density (BMD) is causally associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. We used publicly available summary statistics datasets of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on femur neck (FN) BMD of individuals of European ancestry as the exposure and a GWAS for non-cancer illness code self-reported: OA from the individuals included in the UK Biobank as the outcome. Results. We selected 21 independent single- nucleotide polymorphisms with genome-wide significance (p＜5.00E-08) from GWAS on FN BMD as the instrumental variables. The IVW method (beta=0.010, standard error [SE]=0.003, p=0.002) and the weighted median approach (beta=0.011, SE=0.004, p=0.006) yielded evidence of a causal association between FN BMD and OA. However, the MR-Egger analysis showed no causal association between FN BMD and OA (beta=0.005, SE=0.017, p=0.753). Since MR-Egger regression suffers from a lack of power and a susceptibility to weak instrument bias, the MR analysis results may support a causal association between FN BMD and OA. Conclusion. The results of MR analysis by IVW and weighted median, but not MR-Egger regression indicate that FN BMD is likely to be causally associated with an increased risk of OA incidence The current findings may provide an opportunity to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of BMD on the OA incidence. (J Rheum Dis 2019;26:104-110)
The Mismeasure of the Self

The aim of this book is to offer detailed characterizations of some intellectual virtues and vices of self-evaluation, to highlight the epistemic harms and moral wrongs that flow from them, to explain their psychological bases and to suggest that some interventions that inhibit vicious behaviour and promote intellectual virtue. The first chapter introduces the virtues and vices of intellectual self-evaluation that are the main topic of the book. The second chapter offers a detailed account of three kinds of intellectual vices: character traits, thinking styles, and sensibilities. The chapter includes a defence of the view that motivations play a crucial role in the development and preservation of these psychological features. The third chapter introduces attitude psychology which supplies the framework for detailed accounts of virtue and vices. These accounts are provided in Chapters 4–6. Chapter 4 discusses humility, pride, and concern for one’s intellectual reputation. Chapter 5 details superbia, arrogance, servility, and self-abasement. Chapter 6 is dedicated to vanity, narcissism, timidity, and fatalism. Chapter 7 analyses the epistemic harms and moral wrongs that flow from these intellectual vices. Chapter 8 argues individuals are morally and epistemically responsible for their epistemic vices and the bad believing that flows from them, but raises questions about the wisdom and morality of blaming people for these psychological features. Finally, Chapter 9 evaluates some interventions designed to promote virtue and reduce vice.
A new all-optical phase-controlled routing switch

We proposed a new all-optical phase-controlled routing switch contain a two-mode tapered waveguide with the nonlinear cladding. This all-optical device is divided into three sections: the input section, the uniform nonlinear medium section, and the output section. In the input section, the two-mode tapered waveguide is in the center between the linear substrate and the nonlinear cladding. The uniform nonlinear medium section is between the input section and the output section. In this nonlinear medium section, the spatial solitons can be excited. In the output section, three nonlinear guides are used to couple out the spatial soliton excited in the uniform nonlinear medium. The swing effect of the spatial soliton is observed in the uniform nonlinear medium section. By properly controlling the relative phase between the TE0 and TE1 waves, the proposed waveguide device could really function as an all-optical switch.
Decision Tree Approach to Classify and Quantify Cumulative Impact of Change Orders on Productivity

Multiple or unusual change orders often cause productivity losses through a “ripple effect” or “cumulative impact” of changes. Many courts and administrative boards recognize that there is cumulative impact above and beyond the change itself. However, determination of the impact and its cost is difficult due to the interconnected nature of construction work and the difficulty in isolating causal factors and their effects. As a result, it is very difficult for owners and contractors to agree on equitable adjustments for the cumulative impact. What is needed is a reliable method (model) to identify and quantify the loss of productivity caused by the cumulative impact of change orders. A number of studies have attempted to quantify the impact of change orders on the project costs and schedule. Many of these attempted to develop regression models to quantify the loss. However, traditional regression analysis has shortcomings in dealing with highly correlated multivariable data. Moreover, regression analysis h.
HV-IGBT drives and their applications

Universal in low voltage inverters and widely in use for a decade, the IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) has proven its reliability in numerous applications. The one drawback is the limitation in output power achievable at these low voltages. Series connection of low voltage IGBTs to achieve higher output voltages is not an elegant and practical solution due to the problem of absolutely simultaneous switching necessary for safe operation. The recent introduction of HV-IGBTs (high-voltage IGBT) has finally made it possible to build the medium voltage drive up to 6.6 kV. HV IGBTs presently in use have a blocking voltage rating of 3300 V at 1200 A and devices of 6500 V at 600 A will be available in the near future. The standard three-level inverter output voltage of 2.3 kV can be realised with only one element whereas output voltages of 3.3 kV and 4.16 kV are realised with two elements in series. Some of the applications include rubber industry, ship propulsion, chemical and metals industries.