Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital differential protection of power transformer using DFT algorithm with CT saturation consideration

Day by day power system protection demands high accuracy and reliability against abnormal condition to reduce maloperation and improve the stability of a power system. In a power system, the transformer is a most important, costlier as well as complicated equipment with respect to other equipment. Effect of Current Transformer (CT) saturation is a major drawback in transformer differential protection even detection of CT saturation and compensation techniques is a complicated process. This paper presents detection of CT saturation on the basis of first order Full Cycle Discrete Fourier Transform (FCDFT) in power transformer protection. Various cases of magnetizing inrush condition, internal and external fault on power transformer are validated using proposed scheme. Also, the proposed algorithm is validated for various types of abnormal conditions of power transformer with mild and heavy CT saturation condition. The algorithm is designed to differentiate whether the CT saturates or not during external fault condition and it also provides fast response to initiating or block the trip signal.
CRYOPRESERVED PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES AS A CONSTANTLY AVAILABLE IN VITRO MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL DRUG METABOLISM AND ENZYME INDUCTION*

The use of primary hepatocytes is now well established for both studies of drug metabolism and enzyme induction. Cryopreservation of primary hepatocytes decreases the need for fresh liver tissue. This is especially important for research with human hepatocytes because availability of human liver tissue is limited. In this review, we summarize our research on optimization and validation of cryopreservation techniques. The critical elements for successful cryopreservation of hepalocytes are (1) the freezing protocol, (2) the concentration of the cryoprotectant [10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)], (3) slow addition and removal of DMSO, (4) carbogen equilibration during isolation of hepatocytes and before cryopreservation, and (5) removal of unvital hepatocytes by Percoll centrifugation after thawing. Hepatocytes of human, monkey, dog, rat, and mouse isolated and cryopreserved by our standard procedure have a viability ≥ 80%. Metabolic capacity of cryopreserved hepatocytes determined by testosterone hydroxylation, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-de-ethylase (EROD), 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, sulfotransferase, and epoxide hydrolase activities is ≥60% of freshly isolated cells. Cryopreserved hepatocytes in suspension were successfully applied in short-term metabolism studies and as a metabolizing system in mutagenicity investigations. For instance, the complex pattern of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites including phase II metabolites formed by freshly isolated and cryopreserved hepatocytes was almost identical. For the study of enzyme induction, a longer time period and therefore cryopreserved hepatocyte cultures are required. We present a technique with cryopreserved hepatocytes that allows the induction of testosterone metabolism with similar induction factors as for fresh cultures. However, enzyme activities of induced hepatocytes and solvent controls were smaller in the cryopreserved cells. In conclusion, cryopreserved hepatocytes held in suspension can be recommended for short-term metabolism or toxicity studies. Systems with cryopreserved hepatocyte cultures that could be applied for studies of enzyme induction are already in a state allowing practical application, but may be further optimized.
Enamel matrix-derived protein stimulates attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts and enhances alkaline phosphatase activity and transforming growth factor beta1 release of periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND Although it is claimed that enamel matrix-derived proteins (EMP) can be used to promote new attachment formation around periodontally involved teeth, the underlying biological mechanism is not understood. It was the aim of the present study to investigate the effects of EMP on the behavior of human periodontal ligament (HPLF) and gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in vitro, with special focus on their attachment properties, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the release of transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1, and their proliferative rate. METHODS Fibroblast populations were obtained from 10 individuals with a healthy periodontium and cultured in chemically defined medium on culture plates coated with EMP, purified collagen type I, or their respective vehicles. Experiments were performed in the absence of serum for periods up to 48 hours. RESULTS It was shown that HGF barely attached and spread on EMP-coated substrata, whereas HPLF attached and spread within 24 hours. However, when cultured on purified collagen type I, both cell types showed rapid attachment and spreading. Furthermore, the expression of ALP activity was significantly enhanced under the influence of EMP, especially in HPLF. HPLF and HGF both released significantly higher levels of TGFbeta1 in the presence of EMP. EMP did not influence 3H-thymidine incorporation by HPLF and HGF. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HPLF and HGF respond differently to EMP. A more rapid attachment of HPLF to this substratum might contribute, during the initial stages of periodontal healing, to selective outgrowth and colonization of exposed root surfaces in vivo.
The circadian rhythm of flight activity in the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). The phase-setting effects of light-on and light-off.

1. The circadian flight-activity of individual, sugar-fed Aedes aegypti females has been studied, using the flight-sound as an indicator of activity. 2. The activity appears to be controlled by an endogenous rhythm with a period of 22-24 hr. in constant dark and about 26 hr. in constant light. 3. Both light-on and light-off have phase-setting effects. Under favourable conditions, peaks of activity occur 13-14 hr. after light-on and 22-23 hr. after light-off. Both these peaks persist in constant dark following an LD 4:20 regime. 4. The total amount of flight-activity is correlated with the duration of light (70 lux) in the 24 hr. period.
Observational Outcome Results Following a Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Amino Acid Administration in Preterm Infants

Objective: Several reports have investigated amino acid administration in premature infants during the early postnatal phase. Most of these previous studies, however, have only evaluated short-term in-hospital outcomes. Our aim was to describe long-term outcomes in premature infants previously subjected to different nutritional regimens in a randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome was survival without major disabilities, and the secondary outcomes included anthropometry and mental development. Methods: Infants born <32 weeks’ gestation and <1500 g were randomized to receive glucose (n = 69) or glucose with 2.4 g · kg−1 · day−1 amino acids (n = 63) from birth. From postnatal day 3 onward, the nutritional intake was similar. At 2 years of corrected age, the surviving infants were assessed for neurodevelopmental outcome and anthropometry. Results: Ninety-seven percent of the surviving infants were examined at follow-up, with no overall effect on survival without major disabilities. Boys, however, had a normal outcome significantly more often if amino acids were administered from birth onward (crude odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3–11.4) and following adjustment for confounders (odds ratio 6.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0–38.0). The secondary outcomes exhibited no differences in anthropometric data. The mental developmental index was lower in the small number of girls who survived without major disabilities following the early administration of amino acids. Conclusions: In this hypothesis-generating outcome study, premature boys, but not girls, benefited from amino acid administration directly following birth. The observed lower mental developmental index in a subgroup of girls, however, warrants further studies.
Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Outcomes in Functional Movement Disorders: A Case Study

Although there are many theories of functional movement disorders (FMD), the causes and prognosis remain unclear, and there are no treatments with high-quality empirical support. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an acceptance-based behavior therapy which, via altering a process called psychological flexibility, aims to support behaviors that are consistent with a person’s overarching values—even in difficult, uncertain, or immutable contexts. It may, therefore, have pragmatic benefits in the context of FMD. We outline the theoretical basis for ACT and detail a case study of a brief (six session) intervention for increasing personally meaningful activity with FMD. The participant was in her early 20s and had been diagnosed with functional propriospinal myoclonus. ACT techniques including relational framing, defusion, and mindfulness exercises were used to increase psychological flexibility, with the goal of enabling effective functioning within the difficult context created by FMD. Following treatment, the participant showed a reliable change/clinical recovery in psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II [AAQ-II]), FMD symptom interference (Work and Social Adjustment Scale [WSAS]; primary outcome), and mood (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 10-item scale [CORE-10]; secondary outcome). This case study demonstrates an approach that focuses first on improving functioning with FMD, as opposed to eliminating or controlling symptoms.
Testing a Teaching Appointment and Geragogy‐Based Approach to Medication Knowledge at Discharge

&NA; Limited research is available on how best to provide discharge teaching for rehabilitation patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for providing education to increase patient knowledge about discharge medications. Using a convenience sample of patients and family members, a randomized, experimental study design was conducted to compare three methods for teaching about discharge medications (geragogy format plus scheduled time for teaching; geragogy format alone; standard teaching method). No differences were found in knowledge between the three teaching methods, but family members had significantly lower confidence levels before the teaching sessions than patients; patients' confidence levels increased after education (p =.002). Although the teaching method did not affect medication knowledge, family members (though not patients) experienced significant increases in confidence levels for administering discharge medications after the education.
Electrical Properties Probe Measures Water/Ice Content of Martian Soils Using Impedance Spectroscopy

We are developing a simple apparatus to quickly determine the amount of water/ice using two probes that contact the regolith. Using impedance spectroscopy, we describe how conductivity measurements were used to determine the amount of water/ice in simulated martian soils. We measured silica sand samples containing 0.05% to 10% water doped with KC1 and MgSO<sub>4</sub> between -65degC and 25degC. Results indicate that we are able to measure the water/ice content of coarse silica sand with > 0.05% water and > 0.5% ice. For a concentration, <i>C</i>*, of ions or defects, water/ice gravimetric content, <i>thetas</i> <sub>g</sub>, and equivalent conductivity, Lambda, the conductivity is sigma=2.5x10<sup>-7</sup>ldrLambdaldr<i>C</i>*ldr<i>thetas</i> <sub>g</sub> <sup>1.8</sup>.
Spectral–Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification Using $\ell_{1/2}$ Regularized Low-Rank Representation and Sparse Representation-Based Graph Cuts

Hundreds of narrow contiguous spectral bands collected by a hyperspectral sensor have provided the opportunity to identify the various materials present on the surface. Moreover, spatial information, enforcing the assumption that the adjacent pixels belong to the same class with a high probability, is a valuable complement to the spectral information. In this paper, two predominant approaches have been developed to exploit the spatial information. First, by decomposing each pixel and the spatial neighborhood into a low-rank form, the spatial information can be efficiently integrated into the spectral signatures. Meanwhile, in order to describe the low-rank structure of the decomposed data more precisely, an ℓ1/2 norm regularization is introduced and a discrete algorithm is proposed to solve the combined optimization problem by the augmented Lagrange multiplier (ALM) and a half-threshold operator. Second, a graph cuts segmentation algorithm has been applied on the sparse-representation-based probability estimates of the hyperspectral data to further improve the spatial homogeneity of the material distribution. Experimental results on four real hyperspectral data with different spectral and spatial resolutions have demonstrated the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed spatial information-fused approaches for hyperspectral image classification.
Single-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using Multistacked Buck–Boost Converters for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules

Partial shading on a photovoltaic (PV) string comprising multiple modules/substrings triggers issues such as a significant reduction in power generation and the occurrence of multiple maximum power points (MPPs), including a global and local MPPs, that encumber MPP tracking algorithms. Single-switch voltage equalizers using multistacked buck-boost converters are proposed to settle the partial shading issues. The single-switch topology can considerably simplify the circuitry compared with conventional equalizers requiring multiple switches in proportion to the number of PV modules/substrings. The proposed voltage equalizers can be derived by stacking capacitor-inductor-diode filters on traditional buck-boost converters, such as SEPIC, Zeta, and Ćuk converters. The optimum equalization strategy is also proposed and discussed for the equalizers to compensate the partially shaded PV modules efficiently. Operational analysis based on a simplified equivalent circuit is performed for a SEPIC-based topology. Experimental equalization tests using the SEPIC-based voltage equalizer were performed emulating partially shaded conditions for a PV panel comprising of three substrings. Local MPPs were eliminated and extractable maximum powers increased by the equalizer, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed voltage equalizer.
Äitipuolen identiteetin rakentaminen uusperheessä

Murtorinne-Lahtinen, Minna Identity construction of stepmothers in a stepfamily Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2011, 222 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research ISSN 0075-4625; 427) ISBN 978-951-39-4527-5 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-4528-2 (PDF) Summary Diss. Identity has become a topic of discussion in modern society where people face many changes in their personal and familial lives. Identity is seen as a temporal and spatial process that is constructed through interaction. The purpose of this study is to reveal the means by which stepmothers construct their identities in stepfamilies. The data consists of 58 stories, one diary and a correspondence between one stepmother and her future husband. Narrative analysis is applied to identify identity types. Identity types are based on how stepmothers describe their own and their family members’ actions and interactions and on the sociocultural meanings that they attach to the action. The stepmothers’ stories describe challenges in their lives and attempts to cope with them. The dominant feature in most stepmothers’ stories is that stepmothers see themselves primarily in relation to biological mothers and feel threatened. In spite of the common features in stepmother stories, they do not end in the same way. Three identity types were found: Identity restricted by satellite mother; Stepmother-centered identity and Team parenthood identity. In the first type the biological mother is said to be present in a concrete or psychological way in the lives of her children and the stepfamily. Therefore the stepmother is left without a clear role and place in the family, or her role is limited to taking care of — but not bringing up – the stepchildren. In the Stepmother-centered identity the stepmother becomes an emotional or executive manager of the family. In the Team parenthood identity the spouses are equal adults or parents to each child of the family. The following factors are the most relevant in bringing satisfaction and joy to stepmothers’ lives: Sharing the responsibility in caring for and caring about children and their upbringing, good communication between partners and a reciprocal, confidential relationship with the stepchildren. In order to facilitate these goals, the traditional roles of biological mothers and/or fathers would
Asymptotic Properties of Proportional-Fair Sharing Algorithms

Abstract : We are concerned with the allocation of channel or transmitter resources for time varying mobile communications. There are many users who are competing to transmit data over the resource. Time is divided into small scheduling intervals, and information on the channel rates for the various users is available at the start of the intervals. Since the rates vary randomly, there is a conflict at any time between fully exploiting the channel (by selecting the user with the highest current rate) and being fair (giving attention to users with poor rates, to assure a fair throughput for them). The Proportional Fair Scheduler (PFS) of the Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR) system and related algorithms are designed to deal with such conflicts. There is little analysis available for such systems and our aim is to put them on a sure mathematical footing and analyze their behavior. Such algorithms are of the stochastic approximation type and results of stochastic approximation are used to analyze the long term properties of this class. The limiting behavior of the throughputs converges to the solution of an ordinary differential equation (a mean ODE), which is akin to a mean flow. The ODE has a unique equilibrium and it is optimal in the sense that it optimizes a concave utility function. The results depend on the fact that the mean ODE has a special form that arises in problems with certain types of repeated stochastic games with competitive behavior. There are a large family of such algorithms, each member corresponding to a concave utility function. Thus, is not simply ad-hoc, but actually corresponds to a reasonable maximization problem. There are extensions to multiple antenna and frequency systems. Also, the infinite backlog assumption can be dropped and the data is allowed to arrive at random.
Search for the stable state of a short chain in a molecular field.

A general approach is developed to search for stable structures of short chain fragments (e.g. of loops or bound oligopeptides) in a given molecular field. This molecular field is produced by the remaining part of a globule or by any other surface with a defined spatial structure. The fragment must be short enough to have no pronounced long-range interactions within itself. The method is illustrated by calculation of the 3-D structures of two loops of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). Computations are based on a lattice model of conformational space and on strict and fast algorithms of 1-D statistical mechanics and dynamic programming (which are very similar in essence). This makes a search of oligopeptide structures only several times (and not several orders of magnitude) longer than that of a dipeptide.
Optimazation of Traffic Light Controlling with Reinforcement Learning COMP 3211 Final Project , Group 9 , Fall 2017-2018

Ensuring the efficiency of transportation systems is a priority for modern society. Technological advances enable transportation system to collect huge sets of varied data on an unprecedented scale. Recent studies in combining deep neural network architectures with reinforcement learning techniques have demonstrated promising potential results in solving complex control problems with high dimensional state and action spaces. Inspired by these studies, we applied the similar idea to build a neural network architecture implemented by the reinforcement learning, where a new reward function for the traffic light control problem is implemented. Through experiment in SUMO traffic simulator, we prove that this approach could improve the efficiency of transportation system compared to the traditional controlling policy.
Sniff nasal pressure: A sensitive respiratory test to assess progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Impairment of pulmonary function is a major prognostic indicator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) decline linearly and are commonly used to assess disease progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of testing respiratory muscle strength in ALS with a novel test, sniff nasal pressure (Pnsn), in parallel with more classic tests such as maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax). Sixteen patients with ALS were examined monthly over a period of 18 ± 10 months. At the time of inclusion in the study, values were normal for FVC (107% of predicted value) and MVV (87% of predicted value) but abnormally low for Pnsn (67% of predicted value), PImax (69% of predicted value), and PEmax (54% of predicted value). Late in the course of ALS, all patients could perform Pnsn, whereas 6 could not perform PImax and 7 could not perform PEmax. The rate of deterioration was most often linear and similar for FVC (−4.1% of predicted value per month), MVV (−4.3% of predicted value per month), and Pnsn (−4.2% of predicted value per month). We conclude that Pnsn was the single respiratory test combining linear decline, sensitivity in mild disease, and feasibility in advanced disease. Being easy to perform and inexpensive, Pnsn appears well suited to assess the decline of respiratory muscle strength in ALS.
The constitution of the cambium, the new wood and the mature sapwood of the common ash, the common elm and the Scotch pine.

THE composition of the mature cell wall of many plant tissues has been investi-gated in considerable detail, but there is little information as to the chemical nature of the wall in the earlier stages of its development. This is particularly so in woody plants in which the mature wood has been the subject of extensive research, while the study of the developing tissue has been almost completely neglected. Possibly one of the reasons for this neglect is the apparent difficulty of obtaining the necessary material. In the present work, it was found that the cambium and the differentiating xylem produced from it could be collected without great difficulty in amounts which permitted the determination of the main cell wall constituents.
Production of extracellular enzymes in mutants isolated from trichoderma viride unable to hydrolyze cellulose

Mutant strains not producing cellulases were induced and isolated from the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma viride. Enrichment of mutants was carried out with the aid of nystatin selection. Mutants were shown to lack the ability to hydrolyze both soluble and crystalline cellulose. Mannanase and xylanase activities were also absent, indicating a common regulation for all these enzymes in T. viride. In some strains aryl-beta-glucosidase activity was also missing. Mutants grew normally, but the amount of proteins secreted into the medium was very low, and in most cases these proteins were qualitatively different from the proteins of the parent strain.