Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical methods for determination of double-K fracture parameters of concrete

This paper presents a comparative study on the double-K fracture parameters of concrete obtained using four existing analytical methods such as Gauss-Chebyshev integral method, simplified Green's function method, weight function method and simplified equivalent cohesive force method. Two specimen geometries: three point bend test and compact tension specimen for sizes 100-500 mm at initial notch length to depth ratios 0.25 and 0.4 are used for the comparative study. The required input parameters for determining the double-K fracture parameters are derived from the developed fictitious crack model. It is found that the cohesive toughness and initial cracking toughness determined using weight function method and simplified equivalent cohesive force method agree well with those obtained using Gauss-Chebyshev integral method whereas these fracture parameters determined using simplified Green's function method deviates more than by 11% and 20% respectively as compared with those obtained using Gauss-Chebyshev integral method. It is also shown that all the fracture parameters related with double-K model are size dependent. The concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) was first applied by Kaplan (1961) to concrete notched beam in order to determine the critical stress intensity factor of concrete. Since 1960s, extensive experimental and numerical investigations on concrete fracture behavior have been carried out by many researchers and it has been observed from past studies that when fracture toughness calculated using the measured values of the maximum load and the initial notch length depends on the dimensions of the test specimens. This size effect of the single parameter based on LEFM criterion can be attributed mainly to the nonlinear effects associated with crack propagation in concrete. It is well understood that before the development of unstable crack, due to the aggregate interlocking property, there exists a sizeable fracture process zone ahead of initial
Wilms Tumor 1 b defines a wound-specific sheath cell 1 subpopulation associated with notochord repair 2

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PRIOR STUDIES ON IIR SIMULATION 2 . 1 Common Interaction Model

A searcher’s interaction with a retrieval system consists of actions such as query formulation, search result list interaction and document interaction. The simulation of searcher interaction has recently gained momentum in the analysis and evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR). However, a key issue that has not yet been adequately addressed is the validity of such IIR simulations and whether they reliably predict the performance obtained by a searcher across the session. The aim of this paper is to determine the validity of the Common Interaction Model (CIM) typically used for simulating multi-query sessions. We focus on search result interactions, i.e., inspecting snippets, examining documents and deciding when to stop examining the results of a single query, or when to stop the whole session. To this end, we run a series of simulations grounded by real world behavioral data to show how accurate and responsive the model is to various experimental conditions under which the data were produced. We then validate on a second real world data set derived under similar experimental conditions. We seek to predict cumulated gain across the session. We find that the interaction model with a query-level stopping strategy based on consecutive non-relevant snippets leads to the highest prediction accuracy, and lowest deviation from ground truth, around 9% to 15% depending on the experimental conditions. To our knowledge, the present study is the first validation effort of the CIM that shows that the model’s acceptance and use is justified within IIR evaluations. We also identify and discuss ways to further improve the CIM and its behavioral parameters for more accurate simulations.
Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) in Power Systems: A Review

The fault current levels of an interconnected power network have witnessed a general rise due to increase in power demand. This rise in fault current if not properly mitigated may exceed the maximum ratings of the switchgear. Many conventional protective devices such as series reactors, fuses, high impedance transformers, etc. have high cost, increased power loss and loss of power system stability, which may ultimately cause lower reliability and reduced operational flexibility. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) is a flexible alternative to the use of conventional protective devices, due to its effective ways of reducing fault current within the first cycle of fault current, reduced weight and zero impedance during normal operation. This paper reviews various concepts of SFCLs and its applications in power systems.
Self-Efficacy of Cancer Caregivers Effects of an Individualized Caregiver Training Intervention on

Caring for older cancer patients after hospital discharge is challenging and many of their caregivers lack confidence to do so. This study investigated the effects of an individualized caregiver training program on self-efficacy in home care and symptom management. A total of 120 patient–caregiver dyads were randomly assigned to either the treatment (n = 60) or control group (n = 60). The training focused on prevention of infection, pain control, maintenance of nutrition and adequate elimination, and specific care issues identified by the caregiver. Control group received information about community-based resources. Results revealed a significant increase in self-efficacy after the training in the treatment group but not in the control group. No intervention effect was seen on caregiver’s psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, and quality of life) and patient’s physical symptoms. Article at Bartin Universitesi on November 14, 2014 wjn.sagepub. com Downloaded from
The balanced scorecard (BSC) implications on the increase of public companies performance

Economic considerations of the present require that various entities, public or private, adopt a strategic management that is able to ensure the achievement of performance. In achieving the targets, due to the dynamic and complex environment of action, the implementation of management control systems becomes essential. Selecting and applying the most effective of these systems facilitate the entry of public companies on an efficiency path. They are also able to provide clarification in relation to organizational goals and targets, to propose the most appropriate methods necessary to achieve, and also, to explain the link between the processes of defining strategies and ongoing operational activities. Obviously, these control systems must be able to evaluate performance, not only quantitatively but also qualitatively, both ex-ante and ex-post. In this context, approaching the balanced scorecard (BSC) and key performance indicators (KIPs) as nonfinancial tools to measure performance, may acquire a special importance. Currently, when bringing into question the public sector, things speak for themselves: central and local state government still hold many companies in Romania (several hundred): national companies, autonomous administration, commercial companies. We consider the large-scale economic entities, in ministries (corporate/ national companies), public and local public companies, which provide utilities related to heating, water, sewage or sanitation. Assuming that on short term, as a result of the restructuring/ privatization, there will not be a significant decrease in the sector in question, we believe that a widespread use of non-financial instruments for measuring the performance of public companies is more than necessary. This is particularly so since the international monetary fund (IMF), as a creditor of the Romanian state, closely monitors the performance of that sector, aiming to reduce budget deficits. That is why we try to offer an overview of the issue of performance evaluation and management control system, presenting an innovative tool of strategic management, as BSC, with the intention to highlight and understand the reasons why an entity should implement this method, illustrating how its process of construction can create changes and produce results. Key words: Public entities, state sector, balanced scorecard (BSC), key performance indicators (KPI), managerial control, efficient method.
Pennation angle of vastus laterallis during isometric contractions performed at two knee angles

Introduction: The pennation angle (PA) of a muscle is not static value, but it adapts to the conditions imposed by the contraction intensity required. Objective: This study investigates the effect of knee angle (KA) and intensity of contraction (IC) on PA of vastus lateralis (VL). Methods: Eight women and nine men executed isometric torques lasting 5s at the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), 25%, 50% and 75% of MVC, on an isokinetic dynamometer with the KA at 90° and 120° (full extension = 180°). The PA was measured in each test, and with the subject relaxed. The effect of IC on PA was tested by means of repeated measures ANOVA and effect size (ES), and of the KA on PA by paired t test, employed on each IC, together with the statistics: intraclass correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and ES, all calculated with the PAs measured at both KAs. Results: The PA increased significantly and successively with the IC (p 0.05; ICC between 0.70 and 0.81; SEM between 0.7° and 1.4°; ES between 0.02 and 0.2). Conclusion: The successive increase of PA with the IC supports the existence of relation between these variables. While studies advocate the effect of PA on joint angle this was not observed in this study, probable because the 30o of between KA difference employed was not enough to provide change in PA.
What Do Preservice Teachers Think about Teaching Media Literacy?: An Exploratory Study Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Despite the numerous benefits of media & information literacy for students in today’s digital society, the lack of teacher preparation in teaching media and information literacy skills suggests a gap between the societal rationale for students becoming media literate and the sustainable preparation of teachers. The purpose of this exploratory study was to explore the factors and beliefs underlying preservice teachers’ intention to teach media and information literacy in their future classroom according to the theory of planned behavior. Findings suggest that although preservice teachers’ have positive attitudes towards media and information literacy as an essential skill for students, they do not feel that it is highlighted in their teacher education program and many do not see other stakeholders including faculty, school administrators and parents as encouraging it. Instructor modeling of media and information literacy may be needed to help preservice teachers develop confidence in integrating it into their future work.
Rhinoplasty Patients Comparison of Patterns of Psychopathology in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Patients versus Functional

Objectives. To determine whether candidates for aesthetic rhinoplasty show more severe symptoms of psychopathology in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients. Study Design. Case-control study. Aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates were taken as cases and functional rhinoplasty patients comprised the control group. Setting. A surgical center for rhinoplasty. Subjects and Methods. Forty-two patients seeking either aesthetic rhinoplasty (n = 21) or functional rhinoplasty (n = 21) were included in this study in winter 2012 using a convenience sampling method. All patients were asked to complete the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) preoperatively. An independent t test was performed for each subscale of the instrument. Cohen’s d was calculated as a measure of effect size. Pearson’s correlation was also performed between the subscales. Results. Independent t test verified that aesthetic rhinoplasty patients scored significantly higher in 8 subscales of the SCL-90-R in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients as control group. Aesthetic rhinoplasty seekers showed more severe symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (P \ .01), depression (P \ .01), interpersonal problems (P \ .01), psychoticism (P \ .05), paranoia (P \ .05), hostility (P \ .05), phobia (P \ .01), and general psychopathology (P \ .01). All subscales were correlated strongly in the current sample. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that a sample of patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty had higher symptoms in various components of psychopathology compared with a control group. Therefore, preoperative psychological screening of aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates may be useful.
RISK REDISTRIBUTION GAMES WITH DUAL UTILITIES

Abstract This paper studies optimal risk redistribution between firms, such as institutional investors, banks or insurance companies. We consider the case where every firm uses dual utility (also called a distortion risk measure) to evaluate risk. We characterize optimal risk redistributions via four properties that need to be satisfied jointly. The characterized risk redistribution is unique under three conditions. Whereas we characterize risk redistributions by means of properties, we can also use some results to study competitive equilibria. We characterize uniqueness of the competitive equilibrium in markets with dual utilities. Finally, we identify two conditions that are jointly necessary and sufficient for the case that there exists a trade that is welfare-improving for all firms.
Development and reproduction of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on tomato (Solanum licopercum) cultivars

The small tomato borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most representative pests of Solanaceae in Brazil and other South American countries. Due to the restricted knowledge about the influence of tomato cultivars on the biology of the species, the development and reproduction of N. elegantalis was evaluated on three tomato cultivars. In the hybrid Giuliana the development from oviposition to adult emergence was longest (56.2 days) in comparison to the cultivar Santa Clara (50.2 days) and the hybrid Paronset (50.7 days). Pupal weight was significantly lower in Giuliana. The mean fecundity of females fed on Giuliana during the larval stage was 88.6 eggs per female, 82.3 in Paronset and 37.0 on Santa Clara, but egg viability was higher for females fed during the larval stage on Santa Clara (79.0%). The hybrid tomato Giuliana had the highest impact on the development and reproduction of N. elegantalis. These findings can be useful as a plant resistance factor in the field to reduce the number of generations of the pest and to favour the action of natural enemies by decreasing the fitness of the pest.
BEAM DYNAMICS IN A CW MICROTRON FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

The CW microtron with a 500 MHz RF cavity is proposed for industrial applications. The machine is a racetrack type. The acceleration energy and the beam power are up to 16 MeV, and several tens of kW, respectively. The bending magnets are divided into two subsections to adjust the acceleration phases of all turns. A beam tracking study of a 5 MeV microtron shows that the longitudinal phase stable region is about 30 o and the energy dispersion is about ± 2.2 %. The transverse stability can be obtained using a simple focusing system.
mbedding capacity raising in reversible data hiding based on prediction of ifference expansion

Most of the proposed methods of reversible data hiding based on difference expansion require location maps to recover cover images. Although the location map can be compressed by a lossless compression algorithm, this lowers embedding capacity and increases computational cost during the procedures of embedding and extracting. The study presents an adaptive reversible data scheme based on the prediction of difference expansion. Since each cover pixel generally resembles its surrounding pixels, most
159-PERCENTAGE OF CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CONTRIBUTION DURING PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE ON TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) continues to rise, and sedentary lifestyle and obesity are recognized as key risk factors.T2D patients are characterized by impaired substrate uptake (BLAAK et al., 2000; KELLEY & SIMONEAU, 1994). Using a specific protocol of exercise calorimetry (PEREZ-MARTIN et al., 2001; BRANDOU et al., 2006), was recently reported (GHANASSIA et al., 2006) that the defect in lipid oxidation during exercise in such patients can be described as the balance of substrates used for oxidation during exercise being shifted towards a lower maximum peak of lipid oxidation and lower exercise-intensity levels. The mobilization and use of endogenous substrates during exercise are important for energetic metabolism and athletic performance. Moreover, exercise intensity and endurance training are known to be the 2 main factors in determining the balance of substrate use during exercise (BROOKS, 1997). Endurance training enhances the ability to consume lipids during mild-to-moderate exercise intensity, but the transition to hard exercise appears to result in a crossover to predominantly carbohydrate (CHO) use (BROOKS & MERCIER, 1994). In agreement, several authors have shown that regular exercise decreases CHO use and increases lipid use (COGGAN et al., 1992; JEUKENDRUP et al., 1997) during moderate-intensity exercise, whereas others have shown a higher ability to use glucose (MALETTA et al., 2001; FRIEDLANDER et al., 1997; MANETTA et al., 2002) and CHO preferentially during hard-intensity exercise (MANETTA et al., 2002; ROMIJN et al., 1993). Although few studies have been performed specifically in diabetic type II populations, marked alterations in the pattern of substrate use seem to occur in a session of progressive exercise. In T2D, the exercise intensity that should be used for training remains controversial. In 27 studies reviewed in a recent meta-analysis by Snowling and Hopkins (2006), intensities ranging from 40 to 85% of VO have been applied. On the whole, all 2
To Push or Not to Push : Energy Efficient Communications with Delay Constraints

Proactively pushing content to users is a promising way of coping with the explosively growing traffic demand of next-generation mobile networks. However, it is unclear whether content pushing can improve the energy efficiency of delay-constrained communication systems over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. With pushing, the energy consumption can be reduced due to the extended transmission time duration. But if the user never needs the pushed content, pushing may lead to energy waste. Based on the random content request delay, this paper derives the user request probability thresholds that determine whether a content file should be pushed under three different Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements, namely hard delay, average delay, and delay-outage constraints. Moreover, optimal strategies to allocate transmission power in content pushing and on-demand delivery stages are also proposed. It is shown that the energy efficiency of systems with pushing can be significantly improved as the content request probability increases. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed power allocation strategies for different delay constraints, compared with the corresponding ondemand schemes.
Vehicular Networks Backbone Link Wireless Connection Cloud High Speed Mobile Networks Smart Communities Smart Building mmWave Macrocell MIMO

The advanced features of 5G mobile wireless network systems yield new security requirements and challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on security of 5G wireless network systems compared to the traditional cellular networks. The paper starts with a review on 5G wireless networks particularities as well as on the new requirements and motivations of 5G wireless security. The potential attacks and security services with the consideration of new service requirements and new use cases in 5G wireless networks are then summarized. The recent development and the existing schemes for the 5G wireless security are presented based on the corresponding security services including authentication, availability, data confidentiality, key management and privacy. The paper further discusses the new security features involving different technologies applied to 5G such as heterogeneous networks, device-to-device communications, massive multiple-input multiple-output, software defined networks and Internet of Things. Motivated by these security research and development activities, we propose a new 5G wireless security architecture, based on which the analysis of identity management and flexible authentication is provided. As a case study, we explore a handover procedure as well as a signaling load scheme to show the advantage of the proposed security architecture. The challenges and future directions of 5G wireless security are finally summarized.
Determinants of the Formation of a European Identity Among Children: Individual‐ and School‐Level Influences

While a growing number of studies have been conducted on European identification, very few of them have examined how children form their sense of European identity. This article investigates the impact of individual- and school-level characteristics on children’s formation of a European identity. Multi-level analyses of data from 2,845 pupils (aged 10‐14) in 68 Belgian primary schools revealed that family socio-economic status (SES), ethnicity, gender and the school’s SES make-up influence the extent to which children identify as European; age, religion and school sector do not. The study clarifies the importance of examining how children form their European identity.
Has Robert Parker lost his hegemony as a prescriptor in the wine World? A preliminar inquiry through Twitter

The aim of this work is to determine to what extent Robert Parker has lost his influence as a prescriber in the world of wine through a webometric analysis based on a comparative analysis of Parker’s web influence and that of a competitor who represents an anthitetical vision of the world of wine (Alice Feiring). To do this, we carried out a comparative analysis for Parker’s (@wine_advocate) and Alice Feiring’s (@alicefeiring) official Twitter accounts, including a broad set of metrics (productivity, age, Social Activity, number of followees, etc.), paying special attention to specific followers’ features (age, gender, location, and bios text). The results show that Parker’s twitter profile exhibits an overall higher impact, which denotes not only a different online strategy but also a high level of engagement and popularity. The low level of shared followers by Parker and Feiring (1,898 users) offer prima facie evidence of an online gap between these followers, which can indicate the existence of a divided group of supporters corresponding with the visions that Parker and Feiring represent. Finally, special features are notice for Feiring in gender (more women followers), language (more English-speaking followers) and country (more followers from the United States).