Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective End-to-End Self-Driving Based on Pareto-Optimal Actor-Critic Approach

The end-to-end control method is one of the ways to realize autonomous driving. Existing end-to-end self-driving approaches commonly just consider one objective, for instance, safety or fuel efficiency. To optimize multiple objectives simultaneously, Pareto-optimal driving policies need to be obtained to satisfy different driving requirements. However, it is difficult to obtain the Pareto-optimal driving policy set because of the high-dimensional and complicated input in the end-to-end self-driving task. To handle this problem, we propose the Pareto-optimal actor-critic approach, in which the policy updating rule considers whether the gradients of value functions corresponding to different objectives with respect to the action are the same. The proposed algorithm is independent with objective preference, unsusceptible to the character of the concavity and convexity of the Pareto front, and effective when dealing with the end-to-end self-driving problem. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on TORCS, and it outperforms the classical and state-of-the-art multi-objective reinforcement learning approaches.
Interpretation and localization of Thorax diseases using DCNN in Chest X-Ray

In recent years, the use of diagnosing images has been increased dramatically. An entry-level task of diagnosing and reading Chest X-ray for radiologist but they ought to require a good knowledge and careful observation of anatomical principles, pathology and physiology for this complex reasonings. In many modern hospital’s, the tremendous number of x-ray images are stored in PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System). The conditions of plethora been diagnosed by the sustainable number of chest X-Ray. Our aim is to predict the thorax disease categories through deep learning using chest x-rays and their first-pass specialist accuracy. In a paper, the main application that presents a pathology localization framework and multi-label unified weakly supervised image classification that can perceive the occurrence of afterward generation of the bounding box around the consistent and multiple pathologies. Due to considering of large image capacity, we adapt Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture for weakly-supervised object localization, different pooling strategies, various multi-label CNN losses and measured against a baseline of softmax regression.
Different forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus influence ecosystem stoichiometry in a north temperate river across seasons and land uses

Natural and human features on land result in differential loadings of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to rivers that influence within ecosystem processing. However, little is known about how land use, together with seasonal changes in climate and hydrology, influence the relative proportions of C, N, and P in rivers. To evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns in ecosystem‐level C: N: P stoichiometry, we sampled 13 sites once per season for 3 yr along the main stem of a north temperate river with winter ice‐cover that flows across a gradient of forested, urban, and agricultural landscapes. We found that C concentrations were rather stable along the continuum, whereas N and P rapidly increased downstream due to urban and agricultural land uses. The flow‐weighted C: N: P ecosystem stoichiometry ranged from 2319: 119: 1 in the most upstream site to 368: 60: 1 at the outlet. The dominant form of N generally shifted from dissolved organic nitrogen in upstream forested reaches to nitrate in more impacted, downstream reaches, and winter stoichiometry was enriched in inorganic N and dissolved P forms. Concentrations of all three elements were generally lower in spring during year‐high flow due to dilution. The spatial and temporal variation in stoichiometry in this north temperate river covered much of the range previously observed between litter ratios and the Redfield ratio. This suggests that even moderate human impacts can have profound effects on riverine ecosystem stoichiometry, and that these effects are modulated by seasonal trends in temperature and hydrology.
Manifold Feature Fusion with Dynamical Feature Selection for Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition

Affective computing systems can decode cortical activities to facilitate emotional human–computer interaction. However, personalities exist in neurophysiological responses among different users of the brain–computer interface leads to a difficulty for designing a generic emotion recognizer that is adaptable to a novel individual. It thus brings an obstacle to achieve cross-subject emotion recognition (ER). To tackle this issue, in this study we propose a novel feature selection method, manifold feature fusion and dynamical feature selection (MF-DFS), under transfer learning principle to determine generalizable features that are stably sensitive to emotional variations. The MF-DFS framework takes the advantages of local geometrical information feature selection, domain adaptation based manifold learning, and dynamical feature selection to enhance the accuracy of the ER system. Based on three public databases, DEAP, MAHNOB-HCI and SEED, the performance of the MF-DFS is validated according to the leave-one-subject-out paradigm under two types of electroencephalography features. By defining three emotional classes of each affective dimension, the accuracy of the MF-DFS-based ER classifier is achieved at 0.50–0.48 (DEAP) and 0.46–0.50 (MAHNOBHCI) for arousal and valence emotional dimensions, respectively. For the SEED database, it achieves 0.40 for the valence dimension. The corresponding accuracy is significantly superior to several classical feature selection methods on multiple machine learning models.
Different Growth and Sporulation Responses to Temperature Gradient among Obligate Apomictic Strains of Ulva prolifera

The green macroalga Ulva prolifera has a number of variants, some of which are asexual (independent from sexual variants). Although it has been harvested for food, the yield is decreasing. To meet market demand, developing elite cultivars is required. The present study investigated the genetic stability of asexual variants, genotype (hsp90 gene sequences) and phenotype variations across a temperature gradient (10–30 °C) in an apomictic population. Asexual variants were collected from six localities in Japan and were isolated as an unialgal strain. The hsp90 gene sequences of six strains were different and each strain included multiple distinct alleles, suggesting that the strains were diploid and heterozygous. The responses of growth and sporulation versus temperature differed among strains. Differences in thermosensitivity among strains could be interpreted as the result of evolution and processes of adaptation to site-specific environmental conditions. Although carbon content did not differ among strains and cultivation temperatures, nitrogen content tended to increase at higher temperatures and there were differences among strains. A wide variety of asexual variants stably reproducing clonally would be advantageous in selecting elite cultivars for long-term cultivation. Using asexual variants as available resources for elite cultivars provides potential support for increasing the productivity of U. prolifera.
Positioning and Sensing for Vehicular Safety Applications in 5G and Beyond

This article presents a shared vision among stakeholders across the value chain on the use of radio positioning and sensing for road safety in the 5G ecosystem. The key enabling technologies and architectural functionalities are explored, focusing on the extremely stringent localization and communication requirements. A case study for joint radar and communication using experimental data showcases the potential of the new enablers that are paving the way toward enhanced road safety in beyond 5G scenarios.
Media Control Using Hand Gestures

The corporate world today basically relies on presentations of ideas and statistics. In the board room, the presenters are highly conscious of depicting confidence in their presen-tation. This would entail accessibility and mobility to the presenter or media viewer. As the extent of Artificial Intelligence is increasing in all directions, I am utilizing its extreme capabilities to create a software that would help in accessibility and save time and money. This paper describes a software written in Python 3.8 and makes use of Python libraries like OpenCV and PyAutoGUI to receive input from the computer’s Webcam and recognize gestures to control the PowerPoint Presentation and Portable Document For-mat (PDF) files or the Media Control. The user interface is built with the Python library PyQt5. This paper aims are to help people control their Presentations and Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and many other media through their hand gestures, without using a mouse or any other pointing device. The software would not require any other external hardware; hence it would not burn a hole in people’s pockets.
Recognition of Floating Objects on Water Surface --Based on Improved Residual Network

In order to recognize the recovery of floating objects on water surface by unmanned sweeper, a recogition model is proposed based on an improved residual neural network. The model improves the network performance by adjusting the structure of the origional residual neural network model, increasing the convolution output appropriately, and reducing residual unit, so as to improve the ability of the residual neural network to extract objection features. Experimental results show that the proposed model has a better recognition performance than the exist residual network both in the self-made MyFloats dataset and CIFAR-10 dataset.
Caring Science Youth Research during Three Decades in the Light of Eriksson’s Caritative Caring Theory

Background: International research notes the challenges facing youth research and it is, therefore, urgent to examine its own knowledge base to be able to provid e the lay of the land and uncover research gaps in cari g science youth research. This study examines several d cades of the development of caring science youth research. Aim: The aim of this study was twofold to explore and discuss caring science youth research in the light of Eriksson’s Caritative Caring theory during a period of three decades and to uncover research areas or topics within youth research during that time. Methodology: The data consists of 46 theses that deal with young people written in Åbo Akademi University from 1990 to 2020. The data were analyzed using the matic analysis. The results of the thematic analysi s was mirrored against the Caritative Caring theory and t he development of caring science. Results: A paradigm shift in caring science has influenced youth research. Caring science has put its special stamp on youth research to discover a new substance . Research areas uncovered were a young person’s multifaceted health dimensions and suffering, a you ng person as a patient in need of caring encounters , ca ing and learning in education of young nursing students . The substance of these topics has changed focus d uring the three decades. The caring science perspective gives a special focus such as highlighting existential i ssues among young persons. Conclusion: Caring science has put its special stamp on youth r esearch to discover a new substance through its specific focus on ontological dimensions of health and suffering and on existential life questions amo ng the youth. The view on young people’s health and health promotion, their caring needs and learning process es, has changed during three decades in the light of Erikss on’ theory. Further research in caring science you th research should focus on these deeper existential dimensions for the purpose of developing basic research and u ncovering the social life conditions in which the youth of to day lives.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Topical Epigallocatechin-Gallate as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Inhibition of Pain Conduction on Rat Models with Acute Pulpal Inflammation

The pulpal inflammation can lead to elicit pain in trigeminal nociceptor, produces prostaglandin (PG-E2), activating transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1), causing substance P (SP) release. Here, we investigated the potential of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) for topical medication to inhibit pain conduction in pulpal inflammation. This research on 28 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as rat models with pulpal inflammation. Topical 0.01% or 0.1% EGCG was applied to the tooth cavity of pulpal inflammation. The treated pulp tissues were then observed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and calculation of the amount of PG-E2, TRPV1 and SP. Results show the treatment with topical 0.1% EGCG in 24 hours pulpal inflammation showed a significant inhibit the expression of PG-E2, TRPV1, and SP compared with 0.01% EGCG, and untreated controls (P< 0.001). In conclusion, the results suggest a potential to inhibiting pain conduction of 0.1% topical EGCG in pulpal inflammation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Generation of megawatt soliton at 1680 nm in very large mode area antiresonant fiber and application to three-photon microscopy

The spectral window around 1700 nm is interesting for in-depth multiphoton microscopy of intact tissues due to reduced scattering and absorption in this wavelength range. However, wide adoption of this excitation range will rely on the availability of robust and cost-effective high peak power pulsed lasers operating at these wavelengths. Here, we report on a fiber-based femtosecond laser providing up to 95 nJ, 85 fs pulses at 1800 nm. The laser system makes use of a fiber-based chirped pulse amplifier emitting at 1560 nm followed by an in-house fabricated very large mode area antiresonant fiber for soliton self-frequency shift. Megawatt-peak power pulses at the repetition rate of 1 MHz are available directly at the output of the flexible fiber. We illustrate the potential of the source for biological microscopy by recording three-photon-excited fluorescence images of mouse nervous tissue. The flexible fiber tailored to propagate megawatt solitons in the biologically relevant window around 1700 nm opens the way to deep brain imaging of freely moving animals via miniaturized endomicroscopes.
Speaker Diarisation of Vibroacoustic Intelligence from Drone Mounted Laser Doppler Vibrometers

Laser Doppler Vibrometers (LDVs) are exceptionally well suited to non-contact vibration sensing applications in various environments. This work focuses on diarisation of conversations that might be recorded via a drone-mounted LDV by reducing the effect of external noise, extracting useful features from frames of audio and clustering them into homogenous segments based on speaker identity. The two-step noise reduction (TSNR) technique was introduced to these vibroacoustic data for the first time and tested against Gaussian bandpass filtering for noise reduction from sources such as laser speckle and additional broadband ‘white’ noise. Feature extraction was then performed using a time-delay neural network, with the grouping of frames to a particular speaker tested with various clustering methods. Each noise reduction and clustering technique combination were tested on a twospeaker conversation recorded via the LDV. In the case of no added noise, the most effective combination was found to be the TSNR/Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) combination with a diarisation error rate of 6.13%. In the case of additional broadband noise, the most effective combination was found to be TSNR followed by Gaussian bandpass filtering then clustering via AHC with a diarisation error rate of 11.9%. With this work, another aspect of the challenge of covertly obtaining and interpreting vibroacoustic intelligence in remote and hostile environments using LDVs has been addressed.
A comprehensive study of the effects of different factors on anti-relaxation properties of octadecyltrichlorosilane-coated rubidium vapor cells

Anti-relaxation coatings play an important role in enhancing the polarization lifetime of polarized alkali-metal atoms. In this study, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was coated in spherical rubidium vapor cells fabricated using borosilicate glass with two stems as anti-relaxation coatings. An orthogonal experiment method was employed to obtain the optimal conditions. The results showed that OTS concentration is the dominant factor in the number of bounces, followed by the soaking time and molar ratio/(H2O:OTS). The optimal parameters were 6 mM of OTS, 6:1 of molar ratio/(H2O:OTS), and 80 min of soaking time. The number of bounces can be up to 200. Atomic force microscope images showed that the number and coverage ratio of clusters on the anti-relaxation coating fabricated by the optimized parameters are significantly less than the number and coverage ratio of clusters formed by other conditions. This means that the clusters in the coatings significantly affect the anti-relaxation performance. In addition, five OTS-coated cells were fabricated by A3B3C5 combination. However, the variability from cell to cell using the exact same preparation procedure can be up to 43.6%. The variability may be caused by the different aging times of the OTS solution. Because only one beaker of OTS solution was prepared, the OTS solution was pumped into the cells in sequence, not at the same time.
CasaClima R: a protocol for energy refurbishment supported by verification tools

This paper presents a reproducible framework for the energy refurbishment of existing buildings. It is constituted by the CasaClima R protocol, a certification procedure described by the “Technical Directive CasaClima R” and aimed at exploiting the energy potential of buildings on a case-by-case basis. Some verification tools support the protocol in order to avoid errors occurring during the planning and construction phase, that could lead to damages of the building´s substance and could cause problems to the health and well-being of the occupants. The implementation and application methods of all framework components and possible future developments will be described, considering the great wealth of historical buildings in Italy and Europe and the great potential for energy savings that can be achieved.
Collection of dim light for accurate optical polarimetry by a plano-convex spherical lens

High-accuracy optical polarimetry of atomic fluorescence generally requires the use of a collimating collection lens. The orientation of this lens can affect its transmission due to reflective loss, but can also change the polarization state of the light being measured. Current best practices regarding lens orientation are related to minimizing spherical aberration. In this work, we use the ray-tracing software TracePro® to investigate the matter of lens orientation for a plano-convex lens as it relates to light transmission and reflection- and refraction-induced polarization changes. We compare the amount of scattered light for both orientations of the lens with and without anti-reflection coating, and show the effect the lens has on the polarization of the light produced by an unpolarized point-source as well as two point sources simulating highly-polarized atomic fluorescence. We discuss how these effects can be of concern for polarization-sensitive imaging and polarimetry of dim light sources with an accuracy of better than 0.1% of the measured Stokes parameters.
Electromechanical resonators for sensing fluid density and viscosity—a review

The resonance characteristics of vibrating structures change when they are immersed in fluids and these changes can be related to the parameters density and viscosity of Newtonian liquids. The various suitable structures, vibration modes, transduction principles, and signal analysis methods lead to an immense variety of sensor systems reported in the literature. In this review, we focus on the basic similarities between various electromechanical transducers and their evaluation methods and show that despite the apparent differences, a common design route can be followed. It is outlined that single vibration modes can be approximated by damped harmonic oscillators where the hydrodynamic loading is accounted for by a general model. The two common classes of sensors, the piezoelectric and the electrodynamic, can be described by dual circuits such that the same resonance estimation method can be applied. Also, the limitations associated with this unified approach are discussed. Furthermore, aspects concerning interface circuits and accuracy-limiting factors, such as noise and interference, are reviewed.
Soliton solutions, travelling wave solutions and conserved quantities for a three-dimensional soliton equation in plasma physics

Many physical systems can be successfully modelled using equations that admit the soliton solutions. In addition, equations with soliton solutions have a significant mathematical structure. In this paper, we study and analyze a three-dimensional soliton equation, which has applications in plasma physics and other nonlinear sciences such as fluid mechanics, atomic physics, biophysics, nonlinear optics, classical and quantum fields theories. Indeed, solitons and solitary waves have been observed in numerous situations and often dominate long-time behaviour. We perform symmetry reductions of the equation via the use of Lie group theory and then obtain analytic solutions through this technique for the very first time. Direct integration of the resulting ordinary differential equation is done which gives new analytic travelling wave solutions that consist of rational function, elliptic functions, elementary trigonometric and hyperbolic functions solutions of the equation. Besides, various solitonic solutions are secured with the use of a polynomial complete discriminant system and elementary integral technique. These solutions comprise dark soliton, doubly-periodic soliton, trigonometric soliton, explosive/blowup and singular solitons. We further exhibit the dynamics of the solutions with pictorial representations and discuss them. In conclusion, we contemplate conserved quantities for the equation under study via the standard multiplier approach in conjunction with the homotopy integral formula. We state here categorically and emphatically that all results found in this study as far as we know have not been earlier obtained and so are new.