Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
10-bit 80 Msps ADC Using Closed-loop MDACs for DVB-T Receivers

The proposed ADC is the bridge connecting an AGC output and an OFDM demodulator. The ADC has four parallel channels. Each channel has nine 1.5-bit stages, one 2-bit flash ADC, and an error correction circuit. The ENOB is better than 9 bits. The INL is smaller than 2.8 LSB, and the DNL is smaller than 2.1 LSB. The power consumption is 432 mW at 80 MHz sample rate.
Automatic multi- modal detection of team cohesion in meetings

In this thesis the automatic multimodal detection of social and task cohesion in meetings is studied. The presence of social and task cohesion has positive benefits on employee well-being, creativity and productiveness, and can therefore be used to assess meeting quality. Conversational partners imitate each other’s body language and speech characteristics to have smoother interactions, to increase liking, and it can cause a coordination of expectations. We hypothesize that social and task cohesion are therefore positively related to the imitation of both body language and speech characteristics. As the group-level alignment of non-verbal speech behaviour has been previously linked to social and task cohesion in meetings, this thesis investigates the relationship between cohesion in meetings and both motion and posture mimicry from accelerometer and video data. Motion mimicry is described using accelerometer features previously used for the detection of friendly and romantic attraction in pairs. We propose a method to convert these features to group-level descriptors of mimicry. The same quantifications of mimicry are also applied to video-based motion quantifiers that have been previously used to detect team cohesion. Appearance is described using HOG descriptors from densely-sampled feature points that are tracked over time. To our knowledge this is the first-time appearance similarity is used to estimate cohesion. We also test if a multimodal mimicry model performs better than a unimodal mimicry model to investigate if the different forms of mimicry contain complementary information. Our group-level movement mimicry features detect social cohesion with average an area under the ROCcurve of 0.64 for social cohesion, and the accelerometer-based movement mimicry features specifically detect task cohesion with an average AUC of 0.63. The multimodal combination of the different features does improve over the unimodal models with an area under the ROC-curve of 0.68 for social cohesion and 0.65 for task cohesion. This shows both that movement mimicry is an indicator of verbal expressions of cohesion, and that measuring mimicry in different modalities can better model cohesion than a unimodal model. Further experiments are recommended for general appearance feature mimicry, specifically in the method used to measure mimicry, to confirm or deny if these are related to cohesion.
Sulfate formation during heavy winter haze events and the potential contribution from heterogeneous SO2 + NO2 reactions in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

Abstract. Rapid sulfate formation is recognized as a key characteristic of severe winter haze in China. However, air quality models tend to underestimate sulfate formation during heavy haze periods, and heterogeneous formation pathways have been proposed as promising mechanisms to reduce gaps between observation and model simulation. In this study, we implemented a reactive SO2 uptake mechanism through the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions in the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) to improve simulation of sulfate formation in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. Parameterization of the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions is based on observations in Beijing and considered both the impact of relative humidity and aerosol pH on sulfate formation. Ammonia is reported to be critical for the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. Estimation of ammonia emissions is usually associated with large uncertainties and models tend to underestimate ammonia concentrations substantially. Sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions as well as ammonia emissions on modeled sulfate concentrations during a period with several heavy haze episodes in the YRD region. Base case model results show large underestimation of sulfate concentrations by 36 % under polluted conditions in the YRD region. Adding the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions or doubling ammonia emissions alone leads to slight model improvement ( ∼6 %) on simulated sulfate concentrations in the YRD region. However, model performance significantly improved when both the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions and doubled ammonia emissions were included in the simulation: predicted sulfate concentrations during polluted periods increased from 23.1 µ g m −3 in the base scenario to 29.1 µ g m −3 (representing an increase of 26 %). Aerosol pH is crucial for the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions, and our calculated aerosol pH is always acidic and increased by 0.7 with doubled ammonia emissions. Modeling results also show that this reactive SO2 uptake mechanism enhanced sulfate simulations by 1 to 5 µ g m −3 for the majority of the eastern and central parts of China, with more than 20 µ g m −3 increase in sulfate concentrations over the northeastern plain. These findings suggest that the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions could be potentially important for sulfate formation in the YRD region as well as other parts of China. Further studies are needed to constrain the uncertainties associated with the parameterization of the SO2+NO2 heterogeneous reactions based on local data as well as to evaluate this mechanism in other regions. In addition, ammonia emissions were found to be a key driving variable of the spatial patterns of sulfate enhancement due to the new pathway. Substantial efforts are needed to improve the accuracy of the ammonia emission inventory.
Automated Movement Feedback for Recovering Independence in the Sit-to-Stand Movement in an Older Population: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of a Novel System

Background The sit-to-stand (StS) movement is a frequently performed task critical to independent living that is both difficult to perform and associated with falls in older populations. Consequently, the recovery of this movement through supervised practice is a priority during the rehabilitation of older people. Technology may enable self-practice, potentially improving rehabilitation outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of an automated movement feedback system for recovering the StS movement in an older population. Methods This was a phase two pilot randomised controlled trial. Participants were in-patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit with an impaired StS ability. Following baseline outcome measurements, including quantifying the number of StS executions 48 hours pre- and post- trial, participants were block randomised to either a control group receiving standard rehabilitation or an experimental group receiving standard rehabilitation augmented with a novel automated movement feedback system for the StS training sessions. The intervention aimed to last four weeks with outcome measures repeated following completion. Results Eighteen participants (81.25+/- 7.31 years) were evenly distributed between the two groups and interventions were completed without incident. The novel feedback group provided positive feedback on their experience, reporting the system to be motivating and instructive. Differences between the groups were statistically significant (p
Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review

Abstract. One of the most important processes in the global mercury (Hg) biogeochemical cycling is the deposition of atmospheric Hg, including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM), to the land surfaces. Results of wet, dry, and forest Hg deposition from global observation networks, individual monitoring studies, and observation-based simulations have been reviewed in this study. Uncertainties in the observation and simulation of global speciated atmospheric Hg deposition to the land surfaces have been systemically estimated based on assessment of commonly used observation methods, campaign results for comparison of different methods, model evaluation with observation data, and sensitivity analysis for model parameterization. The uncertainties of GOM and PBM dry deposition measurements come from the interference of unwanted Hg forms or incomplete capture of targeted Hg forms, while that of GEM dry deposition observation originates from the lack of a standardized experimental system and operating procedure. The large biases in the measurements of GOM and PBM concentrations and the high sensitivities of key parameters in resistance models lead to high uncertainties in GOM and PBM dry deposition simulation. Non-precipitation Hg wet deposition could play a crucial role in alpine and coastal regions, and its high uncertainties in both observation and simulation affect the overall uncertainties of Hg wet deposition. The overall uncertainties in the observation and simulation of the total global Hg deposition were estimated to be ± (25–50) % and ± (45–70) %, respectively, with the largest contributions from dry deposition. According to the results from uncertainty analysis, future research needs were recommended, among which a global Hg dry deposition network, unified methods for GOM and PBM dry deposition measurements, quantitative methods for GOM speciation, campaigns for comprehensive forest Hg behavior, and more efforts in long-term Hg deposition monitoring in Asia are the top priorities.
Integration of Micro and Macro Explanations in Economics: Aggregation of the Marginal Propensity to Consume

Do the parts determine the whole or is the whole more than the sum of its parts? We consider the possibility of unified science in economics, where the macro behaviour is determined from its micro foundations. Economists think that this is impossible except in unrealistic special cases, e.g. when all the micro coefficients are the same. When behavioural equations are expressed in changes instead of levels, the connection between micro and macro formulations becomes a real possibility. Results are applied to the consumption function where the marginal propensity to consume is aggregated. The effective macro level marginal propensity to consume MC is found to be an affine combination of its components UA MC and UP MC related to uniform absolute and uniform proportional changes of income. Their weights depend on the way and how much the income distribution is changing. This implies, that time series estimations of the consumption function are not altogether in error, but inaccurate and unreliable because the estimated coefficients are not constant and the number of macro observations is necessarily small. JEL Classification: B41, C02, C43, C81, C82, E01
The Rank Problems of Multi-Array Data Analysis:Approaches from Complex Analysis, Algebra, Geometry and Computations

Multi-array data analysis is now rapidly developing and being applied successfully in various application fields. A multi-array datum is named a tensor. The complexity of a tensor is captured by ”tensor rank” and the model complexity is captured by ”maximal rank”. Data analysts seek the simplest model and so the rank determination is of a vital interest for data analysis. In the determination of a maximal rank Atkinson et al. [1, 2] claimed that the maximal rank of n×n× p tensors is less than or equal to 2n−1. In Sumi et al. [16] we proved Atkinson and Stephens’s claim over the complex number filed without assumption and over the real number field except a class of tensors. Thus we reached to some exeptional tensors; absolutely nonsingular tensors. Nonexistence of any absolutely nonsingular tensor implies that Atkinson and Stephens’s bound for the maximal rank holds. Therefore, existence or nonexistence of absolutely nonsingular tensors is directly related to the claim. Sakata et al. [14] studied the existence problem for the 4 × 4 × 3 tensors. In this paper we will review briefly topics mainly around absolutely nonsingular tensors for 6× 6× 3 case from various mathematical disciplines and several new results will be given.
Regulation of nitrous oxide production in low-oxygen waters off the coast of Peru

Abstract. Oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs) are major sites of net natural nitrous oxide (N2O) production and emissions. In order to understand changes in the magnitude of N2O production in response to global change, knowledge on the individual contributions of the major microbial pathways (nitrification and denitrification) to N2O production and their regulation is needed. In the ODZ in the coastal area off Peru, the sensitivity of N2O production to oxygen and organic matter was investigated using 15N tracer experiments in combination with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarray analysis of total and active functional genes targeting archaeal amoA and nirS as marker genes for nitrification and denitrification, respectively. Denitrification was responsible for the highest N2O production with a mean of 8.7 nmol L−1 d−1 but up to 118±27.8 nmol L−1 d−1 just below the oxic–anoxic interface. The highest N2O production from ammonium oxidation (AO) of 0.16±0.003 nmol L−1 d−1 occurred in the upper oxycline at O2 concentrations of 10–30 µmol L−1 which coincided with the highest archaeal amoA transcripts/genes. Hybrid N2O formation (i.e., N2O with one N atom from NH4+ and the other from other substrates such as NO2-) was the dominant species, comprising 70 %–85 % of total produced N2O from NH4+, regardless of the ammonium oxidation rate or O2 concentrations. Oxygen responses of N2O production varied with substrate, but production and yields were generally highest below 10 µmol L−1 O2. Particulate organic matter additions increased N2O production by denitrification up to 5-fold, suggesting increased N2O production during times of high particulate organic matter export. High N2O yields of 2.1 % from AO were measured, but the overall contribution by AO to N2O production was still an order of magnitude lower than that of denitrification. Hence, these findings show that denitrification is the most important N2O production process in low-oxygen conditions fueled by organic carbon supply, which implies a positive feedback of the total oceanic N2O sources in response to increasing oceanic deoxygenation.
Single-shot longitudinal beam profile and terahertz diagnostics at MHz- Towards GHz-rates with high-throughput electronics

Accelerators with high bunch-repetition rates mandate high-throughput detector electronics to diagnose each individual bunch. KALYPSO with a 256-pixel detector line-array integrated in an fs laser-based electro-optical set-up allows longitudinal bunch profiling with sub-ps resolution as demonstrated at the storage ring ANKA for single-bunch mode operation at 2.7 MHz and also at the Eu-XFEL with a 4.5-MHz micro-bunch train. Improvements will enhance fs-time accuracy, reduce noise, and increase frame-rate. A custom front-end with an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has been developed to operate with 10-MHz frame-rates at low noise. Several linear arrays with up to 1024 pixel and smaller pixel pitch were submitted for production. The development of a low-gain avalanche diode (LGAD) sensor will further improve the time resolution. Detector data is transmitted in the DAQ framework to external GPU-based clusters and processed in real-time at 7 Gbytes/s with a few μs latency. For beam dynamics studies we also develop KAPTURE capable to analyze terahertz detector pulses at GHz-repetition rates. These developments open new windows in beam diagnostics of modern accelerators.
AUTODOCKING PADA MOBILE ROBOTMENGGUNAKAN ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY

Autodocking process at mobile robot is an additional capability of robot. Therefore the initial phase for applying this process, the robot should be able to find the nearest place of docking station. Then, the robot also require some guide for going to the docking station point accurately and safely. The shortest path to the docking station position can be obtained from last position of robot when its battery condition will run out. The last position of robot will be used as initial input for the artificial bee colony algorithm which can produce the shortest path of docking station position requirement. Artificial bee colony is used for optimizing the location search of docking station that having nearest distance to the robot position without any obstacle. From the results of the experiment, the artificial bee colony method was able to get the shortest path to the docking station location and the route obtained was also safe from obstacles. The number of bee populations used greatly influenced the closest distance obtained by the artificial bee colony method. The more population used, the closer the distance will be to the artificial bee colony method. The number of iterations also affects the closest distance obtained by artificial bee colony. The more number of iterations used, the closer the distance is obtained even though the population used is the same.
TRANSLATING LAYERS OF MEANING A study of interdisciplinary processes in museums for the creation of multilayered educational media

Museums are widely accepted as social institutions with the main mission to generate public value and educating the society. However, with the advance of new technologies and a more liberated visitor, as well as decreases in governmental funding, museums find themselves in a complex and competitive environment. In order to appeal to a diverse and broad audience and to generate educational value, museums create multilayered educational products, to translate artefacts’ myriad layers of meaning. The museum, hence, is in need of different professionals form different fields of expertise to grasp this complexity and create a holistic translation to the public. The main purpose of this research was to investigate how museums can generate multilayered educational media through the process of interdisciplinary collaborations. Professionals engage in a collaboration with co-workers from different disciplines, educational backgrounds, often contrasting department goals and perspectives. These complex team processes as well as the creation of such multilayered educational products have been analyzed within three case studies. The case studies involved different interdisciplinary project teams concerned with the creation of abovementioned products. By collecting data through expert interviews and desk research, a current phenomenon and its context could be examined in-depth. The analysis was solved by thematic analysis and oriented on the conceptual framework of this research paper. The data analysis revealed, multilayered educational media in museums are likely to be oriented on current events and the collection of the museum, on the specific audience to be reached. Moreover, the products aim at transferring complex multifaceted information in a comprehensible language. The main overall purpose of these products was found in the inclusion of a wide audience, a higher engagement of visitors and a multilayered knowledge transfer. In terms of the interdisciplinary processes, the value of a clear coordination and guidance, assertive communication skills, flexibility and openness towards other disciplines, mutual respect, as well as prior experiences with interdisciplinary processes, were outlined as effective.
How high is the inter-observer reproducibility in the LIRADS reporting system?

Purpose To investigate the reproducibility of LIRADS v2014 and contribute to its widespread use in clinical practice. Material and methods This retrospective, single-centre study was conducted between January 2010 and October 2015. A total of 132 patients who had dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) images in the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) with liver nodule were included in the study, 37 of whom had histopathology results. Five radiologists who participated in the study, interpreted liver nodules independently on different PACS stations according to the LIRADS reporting system and its main parameters. Results We determined that level of inter-observer agreement in the LR-1, LR-5, and LR-5V categories was higher than in the LR-2, LR-3, and LR-4 categories (κ = 0.522, 0.442, and 0.600 in the LR-1, LR-5, and LR-5V categories, respectively; κ = 0.082, 0.298, and 0.143 in the LR-2, LR-3, and LR-4 categories, respectively). The parameter that we observed to have the highest level of inter-observer agreement was venous thrombus (κ = 0.600). Conclusions Our study showed that LIRADS achieves an acceptable inter-observer reproducibility in terms of clinical practice although it is insufficient at intermediate risk levels. We think that the prevalence of its use will be further increased with training related to the subject and the assignment of numerical values that express the probability of malignancy for each category and including the ancillary features in the algorithm according to clearer rules.
FX Trade Execution: Complex and Highly Fragmented

The 2019 Triennial Survey shows that trade execution has undergone rapid change, with more diverse participants, new technologies and increasing complexity. Electronification advanced the fastest in dealer-to-customer trading. Dealers and customers navigated a highly fragmented market by leveraging technology to trade across electronic venues. Aspects of FX intermediation tilted more towards non-banks as new market-makers, albeit brokered by top dealers. Bank dealers continued to attract large flows to their own proprietary liquidity pools. Consequently, even though the market grew bigger as a whole, the share of trading activity 'visible' to the broader market declined.
Solution state stress degradation studies of antifilarial drug albendazole

This study was conducted to explore the stress degradation studies of anti ilarial drug albendazole (ALB) in the solution state. The stress conditions targetedwerehydrolytic (acidic, neutral, andbasic) aswell as oxidative. Thedrug was degraded under different concentrations of stressor and the time of exposure. All the degraded samples were then subjected to reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography using photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) as a detector. The inal concentration of stressor, as well as the duration of exposure for each condition, were optimized from the results. The method optimization was done on a C18 stationary phase with a varying mobile phase composition. The parameters of the mobile phase varied were organic modiier, buffer (type and concentration) and gradient aswell as run time. The optimized method included acetonitrile as an organic modi ier, 10 mM potassium dihydrogenorthophosphate (pH3.0) as abuffer thatwaspumped in a gradient mode, and run time was ixed at 57.00 min. The samples were further characterized by subjecting to instrumental technique Liquid ChromatographyHighResolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results highlighted the degradation products formed under the study conditions. Some of the degradation products were common to all hydrolytic conditions, but some were seen only under oxidative conditions.