Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of precipitation and temperature data from CMIP3 global climate models for hydrologic simulation

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to identify better performing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) global climate models (GCMs) that reproduce grid-scale climatological statistics of observed precipitation and temperature for input to hydrologic simulation over global land regions. Current assessments are aimed mainly at examining the performance of GCMs from a climatology perspective and not from a hydrology standpoint. The performance of each GCM in reproducing the precipitation and temperature statistics was ranked and better performing GCMs identified for later analyses. Observed global land surface precipitation and temperature data were drawn from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) 3.10 gridded data set and re-sampled to the resolution of each GCM for comparison. Observed and GCM-based estimates of mean and standard deviation of annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, mean monthly precipitation and temperature and Koppen–Geiger climate type were compared. The main metrics for assessing GCM performance were the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index and root mean square error (RMSE) between modelled and observed long-term statistics. This information combined with a literature review of the performance of the CMIP3 models identified the following better performing GCMs from a hydrologic perspective: HadCM3 (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research), MIROCm (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) (Center for Climate System Research (The University of Tokyo), National Institute for Environmental Studies, and Frontier Research Center for Global Change), MIUB (Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn, Meteorological Research Institute of KMA, and Model and Data group), MPI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology) and MRI (Japan Meteorological Research Institute). The future response of these GCMs was found to be representative of the 44 GCM ensemble members which confirms that the selected GCMs are reasonably representative of the range of future GCM projections.
Combination Way of Local Properties, Classifiers and Saliency in Bag-of- Keypoints Approach for Generic Object Recognition

Csurka et. al. proposed a bag-of-keypoints approach which represents an image by a histogram of the number of occurrences of local properties at keypoints. In this approach, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors are utilized for generic object recognition. As an alternative to SIFT, a method based on Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) are reported to give better performance at greater speeds than SIFT. In this paper, we investigate combination way of SIFT or SURF and current various classifies such as Naive Bayes, SVM and so on. We also propose a scheme in which a saliency map is utilized for removing irrelevant keypoints. We demonstrate that removing keypoints based on saliency improves classification rate in some situation.
apoE Apo E Hha Haemophilus haemolyticus odds ratio Thermus aquaticus apoE apoE apoE Hha apoE apoE apoE apoE apoE apoE Hha apoE apoE apoE apoE apoE apoE apoE apoE poE apoE apoE apoE apoE

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is one of the most extensively studied genes in the context of aging, but there are few population-based studies on ApoE polymorphism in the elderly in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to assess ApoE allele and genotype distribution in a large elderly community-based sample and its association with age, sex and skin color. Participants included 1408 subjects (80.8% of all residents aged ≥60 years) residing in Bambuí city, MG, Brazil. The DNA samples were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, with digestion by HhaI. Analysis was carried out taking into consideration the six ApoE genotypes (ε3/ ε3, ε3/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε4/ε4, ε2/ε4, and ε2/ε2), the three ApoE alleles, and the number of ApoE4 alleles for each individual. The ε3 allele predominated (80.0%), followed by ε4 (13.5%) and ε2 (6.5%). All six possible genotypes were observed, the ε3/ε3 genotype being the most frequent (63.4%). This distribution was similar to that described in other western populations. Sex was not associated with number of ApoE4 alleles. Black skin color was significantly and independently associated with the presence of two ApoE4 alleles (age-sex adjusted OR = 7.38; 95%CI = 1.93-28.25), showing that the African-Brazilian elderly have a high prevalence of the ε4 allele, as observed in blacks from Africa. No association between number of ApoE4 alleles and age was found, suggesting the absence of association of ApoE genotype with mortality in this population. Correspondence
Split-Marker Recombination for Efficient Targeted Deletion of Fungal Genes

A commonly used method for fungal gene deletion is introduction of linear DNA consisting of a selectable marker gene flanked on both sides by short stretches of DNA that target a gene of interest (W irsel et al 1996 Curr. Genet 29:241-249). Gene deletion in Cochliobolus heterostrophus and Gibberella zeae occurs efficiently with this approach. To facilitate deletion construct synthesis, we have applied the "split-marker” deletion strategy previously developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fairhead et al. 1996 Y east 12:1439-57; Fairhead et al. 1998 Gene 223:33-46). Here, we describe both fusion PCR-based and plasmid-based deletion methods using this strategy with PEG-mediated protoplast transformation (Turgeon et al, 1985 M ol. Gen. Genet. 201:450-453). These methods are predicted to work well with any transformable fungus that undergoes homologous recombination between chromosomal and introduced DNA sequences.
Nursing Students' Awareness and Intentional Maximization of Their Learning Styles.

This small, descriptive, pilot study addressed survey data from four levels of nursing students who had been taught to maximize their learning styles in a first-semester freshman success skills course. Bandura’s Agency Theory supports the design. The hypothesis was that without reinforcing instruction, the students’ recall and application of that knowledge would decrease as they progressed through the program. The hypothesis was not supported: the highest indicator for intentional application of personal learning style preference was the most frequent choice at every level of the program. Learning assistance professionals have unique opportunities to teach and reinforce students’ academic success strategies. This study’s outcomes support that effort in that the participants who were taught learning style strategies believed they retained and applied the information throughout all levels of their degree programs. One of the foundational assumptions of academic assessment is that students will be able to commit new information to memory then recall it when retrieval is desired or required. The skills and strategies to become an effective learner are learned behaviors, committed to memory and retrieved as needed in much the same manner that factual content is. Many institutions of higher learning give credence to that belief with freshman year experience courses, which they believe will prepare the students for academic success through future years of enrollment. But memories fade with time—a process referred to as decay, and information acquired but not used is at especially high risk for memory decay (Simon, Donoso, Foutz, Lasorsa & Oliver, 2011). Content is often assessed in college settings, but the ability to remember and retrieve academic skills that were taught is often assumed, and only considered deficient based on secondary outcomes—subsequent unsatisfactory grades, failure, or voluntary attrition. This study examined students’ recollection and application of academic skills related to their learning styles. Hundreds of dissertations, research articles and at least one metaanalysis have been published addressing the issue of teaching to students’ 28 | TLAR, Volume 17, Number 1 learning styles (McNeal & Dwyer, 1999; Beck, 2001; Lovelace, 2005). This study contributed to the literature with a metacognitive approach to elicit the subjects’ own perceptions of retaining learning style self-knowledge and intentionality in applying it at specific intervals after being taught how to identify and maximize their own preferences. The subjects surveyed were students still enrolled in a nursing program one, three, five and seven semesters after receiving learning styles instruction. The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation existed between (1) students’ academic level as they moved through the program, and (2) the degree to which these students intentionally considered and maximized their own learning style preferences.
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON MODE OF ACTION OF NASYA

In Ayurveda , Panchkarma therapy is used for the maintenance of health and eradication of diseases from their root and Nasya Karma is one among them. In this therapy, the medicine is administered through nose either in the form of ghee, oil, powder, liquid or smoke. It is particularly useful in the treatment of diseases occurring in the organs situated above the clavicle but indirectly it works on the whole body by improving the functioning of the endocrine glands and nervous system. Nasa is said to be the main doorway to Shiras. Nasyaaushadhi reaches to brain via nasal route and acts on higher centers of brain controlling different neurological, endocrinal and circulatory functions and thus showing local as well as systemic effects. This administration of drugs through nasal route opens a new hope for the both local and systemic drug administration. Nasal route drug administration is a promising alternative route of drug administration for local, systemic and central nervous system action. So here a review is presented on mode of action of Nasya procedure according to Ayurveda and modern science. Â
Evaluation of Emotional Regulation: Psychometric Indicators of the RPA Instrument in Spanish Population

Possitive affect has often been neglected throughout research in clinical psychology, with respect to its parallel dimension: Negative affect. This study analyses the psychometric properties of the Response to Positive Affect scale in order for it to be adapted and validated in Spanish population. The scale measures people reaction to the emotions experienced from positive situations (emotion regulation). According to the authors of the scale, it is compossed by three factors: Dampening, Emotion-focused possitive rumination and Self-focused possitive rumination. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out, with 970 participants from general and clinical population, along with analyses about internal consistency, invariance analysis for gender and group (patients/controls) and concurrent validity. The factors obtained were the same as the ones proposed by the creators of the original scale. Furthermore, the values for internal consistency were adecuate, invariance for sex and group (patients/controls), as well as the correlations with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (sensitivity to punishment and reward). The scale has good psychometric properties. The Response to Positive Affect scale is an instrument that can allow the study and analysis of positive rumination and damping, therefore, the regulation of positive emotional states, complementing other instruments focused on processes as rumination or negative affectivity. It can be particularly useful for the evaluation, follow-up, and planning of the intervention in anxiety, depressive, and bipolar disorders, among others, when analyzing characteristics of emotional regulation.
Quantum Tunneling of Stock Price in Range Bound Market Conditions

Applications of Quantum Tunneling effect have long gone beyond the traditional physical meaning. Initially created by Gamow to explain {\alpha}-decay of nuclear particles, along the time, quantum tunneling found fertile domain of research in chemistry and recently in biology, where the new discipline of Quantum Biology emerges. The present paper extends the applicability of quantum tunneling to financial markets. In a recent paper [1] a time-independent equation for pricing the options having the underlying stock in a range bound markets is found. The equation is identical with a time-independent Schrodinger equation but incorporates elements of finance. The financial time-independent equation for option pricing is solved to explain a particular explosive violent movement of stock price in range bound markets. The aforementioned particular stock price movement is assimilated with a quantum tunneling effect. The probability of stock price to quantum tunneling out of the bounded region, known as transmission coefficient, is deduced. Quantum aspects of tunneling effect in financial markets are discussed. Recent evidences of price quantum tunneling in stock market are also shown.
Assessment of Extrapyramidal Symptoms and Hyperprolactinemia with Risperidone in Schizophrenic patients and Evaluation of their Management

To check the occurrence of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) and Hyperprolactinemia (HP) in SchizophrenicÂ patients receiving Risperidone drug and to check the efficacy of the drugs used for the management of these sideÂ effects. The study assumes significance in light of reported data that anticholinergic drugs are not very effectiveÂ in relieving side effects and that they may impair efficacy of antipsychotic drugs to relieve positive symptoms. 30Â Schizophrenic patients receiving Risperidone drug were assessed for EPS & HP using Simpson Angus RatingÂ Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) & estimatingÂ prolactin level in blood. The EPS and HP side effects were treated with Trihexiphenidyl, propranolol or diazepam and cabergoline respectively and efficacy was studied for resolving the symptoms. The study revealed thatÂ 54.83% of patients on Risperidone showed EPS; majority of these patients (48.38%) developed ParkinsonismÂ and rest (6.45%) developed Akathisia. Besides, 6.45% of the patients developed HP manifested as amenorrheaÂ and menstrual irregularities. Trihexiphenidyl brought about resolution of most (88%) patients with ParkinsonismÂ and partial resolution in remaining patients where tremors & rigidity persisted. propranolol and diazepam brought about the resolution of Akathisia. Cabergoline brought about satisfactory resolution of HP & associated symptomsÂ in all the cases. About 65% of the patients receiving risperidone drug exhibited perceptible side effects. EPS, particularlyÂ Parkinsonism was found to be the major adverse effect. All the side effects were adequately resolved byÂ the conventional drugs even at lower levels of the recommended dose improving the compliance of the treatment.
Spatial mapping and high throughput microfluidic gene expression analysis of osteocytes in mechanically controlled bone remodeling

Cyclic mechanical loading is perhaps the most important physiological factor regulating bone mass and shape in a way which balances optimal strength with minimal weight. This bone adaptation process spans multiple length and time scales. Forces resulting from physiological exercise at the organ scale are sensed at the cellular scale by osteocytes, which reside inside the bone matrix. Via biochemical pathways, osteocytes orchestrate the local remodeling action of osteoblasts (bone formation) and osteoclasts (bone resorption). Together these local adaptive remodeling activities sum up to strengthen bone globally at the organ scale. To resolve the underlying mechanisms it is required to identify and quantify both cause and effect across the different scales. Progress has been made at the different scales experimentally. Computational models of bone adaptation have been developed to piece together various experimental observations at the different scales into coherent and plausible mechanisms. However additional quantitative experimental validation is still required to build upon the insights which have already been achieved. In this review we discuss emerging as well as state of the art experimental and computational techniques and how they might be used in a mechanical systems biology approach to further our understanding of the mechanisms governing load induced bone adaptation, i.e. ways are outlined in which experimental and computational approaches could be coupled, in a quantitative manner to create more reliable multiscale models of bone.
Study of the Chemical Components, Bioactivity and Antifungal Properties of the Coffee Husk

Coffee husk is a fibrous mucilaginous material representing the major residues from the handling and processing of coffee. Currently, coffee husk is discarded which contributes to environmental pollution. Dry and semi-dry coffee husk were extracted by hot infusion and the polyphenol profile was studied by UHPLC and Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Free radical scavenging activity in the infusion was between 26.61 at 31.33 mmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/kg, as measured by the assay with ABTS and DPPH radical. The results indicated that coffee husk contained 367.45 and 396.04 g/kg of total dietary fiber in dry and semi-dry sample, respectively. While the infusions contain exclusively soluble dietary fiber 0.64 and 0.98 g/L. The methanol extracts of coffee husk presented antimicrobial activity of P. camemberti , P. expansum and P. roqueforti , A. flavus and A. niger , many of their mycotoxins producers. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values for the Penicillium s strains ranged from 6.3 to 50 g/L, whereas on the Aspergillus strains the data detected ranged from 25 to 50 g/L, respectively. This study indicates the possible exploiting of this coffee by-product as potential natural health promoting and preservative ingredient.
Source Solutions for Optimization on Linux Clusters

Parallel implementation of optimization algorithms is an alternative and effective paradigm to speed up the search for solutions of optimization problems. Currently a Linux Cluster is probably the best technological solution available considering both the overall system performance and its cost. Open Source community offers to researchers a set of software tools for setting up clusters and to optimize their performance. The aim of this paper is to review the open source tools are useful to build a cluster which efficiently runs parallel optimization algorithms. Particular attention is given to the OpenMosix approach to scalable computing.
Late Pliocene Soricidae [Insectivora, Mammalia] from Varshets [North Bulgaria]

The rich and well-preserved bone material of six shrew species extracted from the filling of a karstic cavity near the town of Varshets (Prebalkan region, North Bulgaria) is described. The samples of Beremendia fissidens, Asoriculus gibberodon, Sorex cf . m i- nutus and S. runtonensis represent relatively large forms of these species, while Petenyia hungarica does not grately differ from the other European populations. The Varshets rec- ord of S. runtonensis extends the stratigraphical range of the species into the Late Plio- cene. The skull fragments determined as Mafia aff. csarnotensis show that this species has four upper antemolars; this number has not so far been known and the studied material contributes to the characteristic of this poorly known genus. The position of the Varshets assemblage within the context of the temporal and spatial variation of the species compo- sition and structure of 23 Pliocene and Early Pleistocene shrew associations from Europe is assessed by correspondence analysis. The results point to a mosaic environment under a relatively warm and dry climate. On the basis of this analysis the ecological interpretation of Asoriculus gibberodon as a strict dweller in wet forests is questioned. The comparisons indicate that it tends to occur in shrew associations related to mosaic landscapes domi- nated by shrubby and open habitat patches.
A General Theory of Innovation and National Intellectual Capital

In this theoretical article, we revisit the notion of the intellectual wealth of nations. A slew of economic measures such as Gross Domestic Product, Per Capita Income, and Purchasing Power Parity exist as indicators of economic wealth. However, these are historical and measure only tangible outcomes, and that too in monetary terms. The intellectual wealth of nations is a notion that is futureoriented and includes intangible assets that may be applied to generate growth and development. The scholarly literature suggests that this is comprised of knowledge as a raw commodity; intellectual capital as its useable form; and innovation as it is applied to products and processes. In this article, we argue that innovation as the application of intellectual capital for the purpose of growth, and ishence the key process dimension in determining the wealth of nations.
Simulation and implementation of moth-eye structures as a broadband anti-reflective layer

Conventional single layer thin anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) are only suitable for narrowband applications. A multilayer film stack is often employed for broadband applications. A coating of multiple layers with alternating low and high refractive index materials increases the overall cost of the system. This makes multilayer ARCs unsuitable for low-cost broadband applications. Since the discovery of moth-eye corneal nipple patterns and their potential applicability in the field of broadband ARCs, many studies have been carried out to fabricate these bio-inspired nanostructures with available manufacturing processes. Plasma etching processes used in microelectronic manufacturing are applied for creating these nanostructures at the Rochester Institute of Technology’s Semiconductor & Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory (SMFL). Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) scanned surfaces of the nanostructure layer are simulated and characterized for their optical properties using a Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulator from Lumerical Solutions, Inc. known as FDTD Solutions. Simulation results show that the layer is anti-reflective over 50 to 350 nm broadband of wavelengths at 0° angle of incidence. These simulation results were supported by ellipsometer reflection measurements off the actual samples at multiple angles of light incidence, which show a 10% to 15% decrease in reflection for 240 to 400 nm wavelengths. Further improvements in the optical efficiency of these structures can be achieved through simulation-fabrication-characterization cycles performed for this project. The optimized nanostructures can then serve the purpose of low-cost anti-reflective coatings for solar cells and similar applications.
Identity and Choice Under Risk

I test a set of predictions that constitute an identity theory of choice under risk in a set of large-scale artefactual field experiments. Male identity increases men's risk taking and beliefs even in pure games of chance with no scope for ability or skills, because identity confirmation increases men's utility. Identity theory could contribute to explain why overconfidence arises even in pure games of chance, the emergence of motivated beliefs, systematic variation in risk preferences over time and across cultural regions, overcompensation in choice, investment in negative NPV projects by risk-averse agents, and overinvestment in delegated choice under risk. Because the motivated beliefs male identity induces have a self-serving scope, departures from expected utility theory are not necessarily suboptimal in this identity theory of choice under risk.