Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food interrelationships of deer and sheep in parts of Mendocino and Lake counties, California

Between 1951 and 1975, range forage interrelationships and food habits of black-tailed deer and domestic sheep were studied on the Hopland Field Station of the University of California. Other nearby areas with contrasting covertypes were compared. Data were collected on percent of volume and frequency of occurrence of forage plant species in samples of rumen contents taken from animals collected on the various range types. Browse preferences were compared in a series of “cafeteria” feeding trials with penned animals, and correlations with phosphorus and protein content were tested. Little significant forage competition between deer and sheep was found, although chaparral browse was limited. In general, diets of these animals were complementary, with deer relying primarily on browse, and sheep on grass. In other range types, deer had a wide latitude in their dietary patterns, depending upon availability of preferred forage species. In browse preference feeding trials, where grasses were excluded from the diet of sheep, both deer and sheep tended to select or reject the same browse species; their palatability did not correlate with phosphorus or protein content when measured on a dry weight basis. However, deer preference ranking correlated significantly with plant protein content determined on a green weight basis. Relationships between forage consumption and forage production on the field station were also evaluated. Production of all forage classes except chaparral browse exceeded estimated consumption by wide margins. However, combined browsing by sheep and deer substantially reduced oak seedlings and will eventually lower browse, mast, and lichen production. Sheep grazing on Hopland Field Station maintains grassland in a productive seral stage, which raises the carrying capacity for deer over that which would exist without livestock.
Development of Convolutional Neural Nets for Κ / π Differentiation Development of Convolutional Neural Nets for / Differentiation at the GlueX Experiment at the GlueX Experiment

Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations predict a whole spectrum of exotic hybrid mesons thought to arise from gluonic excitation between a quark and antiquark. A systematic survey of strange and non-strange decay modes would be necessary to conﬁrm this, and in particular studying decays to kaonic ﬁnal states could conﬁrm initial lattice QCD predictions. The GlueX experiment at Jeﬀerson Lab studies the non-perturbative regime of the strong interaction and searches for hybrid mesons through light-quark meson spectroscopy; thus, kaon identiﬁcation is critical for the GlueX experiment. Currently, the GlueX DIRC (Detection of Internally Reﬂected Cherenkov light) detectors provide clear kaon/pion separation up to momenta of 4GeV; however, at high momenta the hit patterns become nearly indistinguishable as the Cherenkov angles are quite similar. We have developed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with supervised learning to distinguish high momentum kaon and pion hit patterns on the GlueX DIRC detectors. Training on simulation data, we achieved fairly high test accuracy up to 6GeV momenta; however, further work is needed to improve CNN performance at higher momenta and across a range of diﬀerent particle trajectories. If successful, this method could signiﬁcantly expand the kinematic coverage of the GlueX detector and could be applied to analyses of further reactions.
Biogeographical connections between the Maghreb and the Mediterranean peninsulas of southern Europe

The glacial–interglacial cycles have caused severe range modifications of species' distributions. In Europe, thermophilic species had to retreat into geographically distinct southern refugia during glaciations. This process produced strong genetic imprints, which are still detectable by the present pattern of genetic differentiation and the distribution of regional diversity. To reveal the biogeographical imprints in the western Mediterranean, we analysed 26 populations of the butterfly Maniola jurtina spread over large areas of its European and North African distribution range. The samples were analysed using allozyme electrophoresis. We detected three genetic groups, divided into Western Europe, Central/Eastern Europe, and Italy with the Maghreb. The North African samples randomly cluster within the Italian samples. Even the population sampled in Morocco is genetically closely related to these samples and not to the geographically neighbouring Iberian ones. Parameters of genetic diversity showed similar values over the whole study area. The observed genetic pattern reflects possible glacial refugia in Europe located in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balkans. For North Africa and Italy, our data reveal a colonization of Africa originating from Italy.
Accessory Kv&bgr;1 Subunits Differentially Modulate the Functional Expression of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes

Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel accessory (&bgr;) subunits associate with pore-forming Kv &agr; subunits and modify the properties and/or cell surface expression of Kv channels in heterologous expression systems. There is very little presently known, however, about the functional role(s) of Kv &bgr; subunits in the generation of native cardiac Kv channels. Exploiting mice with a targeted disruption of the Kv&bgr;1 gene (Kv&bgr;1−/−), the studies here were undertaken to explore directly the role of Kv&bgr;1 in the generation of ventricular Kv currents. Action potential waveforms and peak Kv current densities are indistinguishable in myocytes isolated from the left ventricular apex (LVA) of Kv&bgr;1−/− and wild-type (WT) animals. Analysis of Kv current waveforms, however, revealed that mean±SEM Ito,f density is significantly (P≤0.01) lower in Kv&bgr;1−/− (21.0±0.9 pA/pF; n=68), than in WT (25.3±1.4 pA/pF; n=42), LVA myocytes, and that mean±SEM IK,slow density is significantly (P≤0.01) higher in Kv&bgr;1−/− (19.1±0.9 pA/pF; n=68), compared with WT (15.9±0.7 pA/pF; n=42), LVA cells. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that the TEA-sensitive component of IK,slow, IK,slow2, is selectively increased in Kv&bgr;1−/− LVA myocytes. In parallel with the alterations in Ito,f and IK,slow2 densities, Kv4.3 expression is decreased and Kv2.1 expression is increased in Kv&bgr;1−/− ventricles. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Kv&bgr;1 differentially regulates the functional cell surface expression of myocardial Ito,f and IK,slow2 channels.
Conservation of the 3′-Terminal Sequences of the Genome RNA Species of Tomato Black Ring Virus

Summary Sequences of more than 100 residues adjacent to the 3′-terminal poly(A) tract were determined for each of the two genome RNA species of tomato black ring nepovirus (TBRV) strains A and C; in addition a shorter portion of sequence was determined for RNA-2 of strain G. Comparison of these results and the sequence previously determined for RNA-2 of strain S showed that in this region the sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2 are almost identical and that considerable sequence homology exists between strains. In contrast, a segment of sequence near the 3′ end of RNA-2 of tobacco ringspot virus, another nepovirus, showed no similarity with the corresponding region of TBRV RNA.
Laboratory studies of predator-prey encounters in turbulent environments: Effects of changes in orientation and field of view

Small polystyrene particles were used to represent aquatic micro-organisms on millimeter scales, assuming small or negligible self-induced motions. A large number of such particles were released in turbulent flows that were generated in a controlled laboratory experiment, where the turbulence parameters were reproducible and could be kept constant over extended times. These polystyrene particles are tracked by video techniques. The available database allows estimates of the equivalents of planktonic contact rates in the turbulent flow. The results are expressed in terms of average prey fluxes. Scaling laws for the average contact rates for different turbulence intensities and for varying ranges of interception of the predators and also for different forms of the fields of view were analyzed, using two models for the orientation with respect to the flow. Irrespective of orientation and shape of the volume of interception, the scaling with the turbulence intensity is weak, while the variations with the range of perception are significant. The scaling laws obtained by this procedure have universal validity, and they are applicable also for conditions in nature. The sole restriction is that the range of predator perception is within the universal subrange.
A Note on Natural Selection and the Sex Ratio

The theory of natural selection for the sex ratio, first proposed by Fisher (1929), has received a good deal of attention in recent years (Bodmer and Edwards, 1960; Kolman, 1960; MacArthur, 1965; Verner, 1965; Hamilton, 1967). Because the theory has shown itself to be applicable in the real world (Willson and Pianka, 1963), it seems worthwhile to point out a few of its more subtle aspects and drawbacks which so far have not appeared in the literature. MacArthur (1965) has indicated that a mating pair will contribute the most to the ancestry of future generations if it produces males and females in such a ratio that the product of the numbers of each sex successfully raised (MI F) is maximized within the limits set by its physiological capabilities. Since these successfully raised males and females are potential contributors to future generations only if they reach reproductive maturity,. the sex ratio predicted by MacArthur must be that occurring at "reproducing age" (MacArthur, 1965). When does "reproducing age" occur? Consider any particular gene passed within a population. The rate at which that gene spreads in the population depends directly not on the relative number of such genes passed, but on the relative rate at which they are passed. Thus if we define s$ such that f0's,1,dx is the total number of genes passed during an individual's lifetime, the effective contribution of an individual of age x to x + dx is (sxlx/x) dx. Since the "reproducing age" used in the sex-ratio models must be a mean reproductive age weighted according to the contribution at all ages, it follows that its value is
The role of wind-forcing in the distribution of larval fish in Galway Bay, Ireland

The ichthyoplankton of Galway Bay was sampled over the spring and summer of 2007 and 2008 to determine what environmental factors influenced the distribution of larval and early juvenile fish. A total of 549 fish representing 27 taxa were caught. Catches decreased throughout each sampling season, and were generally poor in 2007. Catches were numerically dominated by sprat (Sprattus sprattus), dab (Limanda limanda), sand eel (Hyperoplus immaculatus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). Environmental factors driving distribution of fish were modelled using a binomial generalized linear model. The strength and direction of wind in the five days preceding sampling was the only significant environmental factor. Sustained onshore winds increased the probability of encountering larval fish in the areas sampled. The rainfall, tidal state, tow depth and wind conditions during sampling were not significant. Among the parameters measured it appears that onshore winds sufficiently strong to overcome the residual circulation are the main physical driver for the distribution of larval fish in Galway Bay.
A novel NhaD type Na + /H + antiporter gene from a metagenomic library of halophiles colonizing in the Dagong Ancient Brine Well in China

+/H + + + + antiporter gene was designated as m-nhaD. The deduced amino-acid sequence of MNhaD protein consists of 330 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 34999 Da and a predicted isoelectric point of 7.02, which is homologous to NhaD from Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 (93%) and Yersinia frederiksenii ATCC 33641 (87%) but with only 77 and 76% sequence coverage, respectively. MNhaD had a hydropathy profile with 9 putative transmembrane domains and a long carboxyl terminal hydrophilic tail of 31 amino acid residues different from the other NhaD. The m-nhaD gene could successfully express in the E. coli KNabc and its production rendered the E. coli KNabc with both the resistance up to 1.0 M Na + and the ability to grow under pH 8.5 - 10 alkaline condition. The difference in structure and function suggested that the m-nhaD was a novel NhaD type Na
A Review of Ecological Determinants of Territoriality within Vertebrate Species

Abstract We reviewed papers that compared intraspecific variation in territoriality vs. alternative forms of spatial or behavioral organization with three goals: (1) to discover which ecological variables act as determinants of territorial behavior and how they might act; (2) to extract and evaluate predictions and evidence for determinants of territoriality and (3) to suggest ways for future studies to build upon what the review revealed. Twenty ecological variables have been predicted, correlated with or experimentally demonstrated to relate to territoriality within vertebrate species. These variables include several characteristics of food: quantity, predictability, distribution, quality, renewal rate, type, density and assessibility. Other variables include nonfood resources, population density, habitat features, mates, space, refuges/spawning/home sites, predation pressure, host nests (for brood parasites) and energy availability. We suggest several reasons why food resources are cited most often, including their biological significance, ease of study and publishability of negative results. Certain groups of animals lend themselves to certain methods of study and, therefore, constrain the variables measured. Many variables are the subjects of apparently contradictory reports, i.e., some papers report that an increase in a given variable increases territoriality and others report that a decrease in the variable increases territoriality. After summarizing these reports we hypothesized U-shaped relationships between the ecological variables and behavior that could accommodate all these findings. However, these hypotheses cannot be tested rigorously by most current studies because of methodological limitations. We recommend a shift to quantification of intraspecifically varying spacing systems combined with simultaneous quantification of several ecological variables. Relative importance of different determinants of particular spacing systems can be revealed via multiple regression analysis. Hypothesized causal pathways, in which one ecological variable determines another variable that, in turn, determines territoriality, can be tested by path analysis.
Social Network Analysis in Encouraging Role-Players in the Beef Market to Take Breeding Decisions: A Methodological Study

The aim of the research is to apply the social network analysis (SNA) to the Italian Romagnola beef meat market in order to better understand the interrelationships of the supply chain. Knowledge of the market exchange system is very important in order to be able to choose the most suitable breeding approach. The analysis was carried out using data concerning the heifers exchanged during the year 2008 within the framework of the activities of the Italian consortium of white bullock producers of the central Apennine region of Italy (Vitellone Bianco dell’Appennino Centrale). The social network analysis shows that very few of the possible links between the agents are used and that this leads to a lack of competitiveness. At the same time, the agents have shown to be able to place themselves at the most important points along the supply chain. Furthermore, the results of the analysis show the need for a stronger farming phase with a greater emphasis on the farmers, given that, from an economic point of view, they are the most important role-players.
Gaussian Process in Statistical Modeling

Gaussian distributions are important building blocks in statistical modeling. As modeling tools, they arise naturally from first principles reasonings based off the central limit theorem. They also provide the most natural way to incorporate dependency between multiple quantities. When there are infinitely many such quantities that can be viewed as a map or a function from an input space to an output space, the notion of Gaussianity continues to provide useful tools for constructing joint probability models. In particular, there is a notion of a Gaussian probability distribution on infinite dimensional spaces such as R, the space of all functions f : S → R, where S is a subset of an Euclidean space. Below we build up a general framework of the notion of Gaussianity on arbitrary spaces.
Fashion Outfit Composition by Deep Learning Approach

- The fashion industry has advanced in numerous ﬁelds and its developing and making tremendous market in article of clothing organization sand web based business elements. The challenging task for IT industry in fashion is to model a predictive system with the domain of data mining. Our paper deal with such a system which will result in composing fashion outfit. Mean, while choosing the cloth this system will recommend the other accessories and footwear with it. The center of the proposed programmed synthesis framework is in score form; furnished hopefuls in view of the appearances and meta-information. Our approach will initially actualize a conclusion to-end arrangement of encoding visual highlights utilizing a profound conventional organize for confounded visual substance of a form picture since it is difficult to name or even run-down every conceivable property for each attire picture. Furthermore, a multi-modular profound learning structure for rich settings of design equips. Since, consideration of the pixel data as well as the setting data in the design is furnished.
Nachweismethoden für Salmonella abortus ovis sowie Untersuchungen in Schafherden im nördlichen Baden‐Württemberg

Summary Testing of Diagnostic Methods for Identification of Salmonella abortus ovis in Sheep Flocks in Northern Baden-Wurttemberg Investigations into the incidence of Salmonella abortus ovis (S. abortus ovis) infections should not be neglected in diagnosis of ovine abortion cases. For detection of this pathogen agent, direct cultivation, as well as pre-enrichment combined with enrichment procedures in tetrathionate or Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium, should be performed with respect to the features of S. abortus ovis. The detection limit of S. abortus ovis using pre-enrichment and enrichment media could be determined using 6.5 times 103-6.5 times 104 bacteria. For subsequent cultivation of S. abortus ovis Gassner, XLD or Rambach agar are suitable. In infected sheep showing no excretion of S. abortus ovis, the pathogen can be detected by serological studies using microagglutination or the ELISA test. The ELISA test proved to be more sensitive than the microagglutination test, detecting antibodies against S. abortus ovis in 17% of the 814 sheep tested. The microagglutination test revealed positive results in only 2% of the sheep tested. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen auf den Erreger Salmonella abortus ovis (S. abortus ovis) sollten bei Abortgeschehen des Schafes nicht fehlen. Wegen der besonderen kulturellen Anforderungen der S. abortus ovis-Keime sollten fur den Erregernachweis Direktkulturen ebenso wie Anreicherungen in Tetrathionat- oder Rappaport-Vassiliadis-Medien in Verbindung mit Voranreicherungen eingesetzt werden. Die Nachweisgrenze von S. abortus ovis lag bei Anwendung von Voranreicherungs- und Anreicherungsmedien bei 6,5 times 103 bis 6,5 times 104 Keimen. Fur nachfolgende kulturelle Anzuchtungen von S. abortus ovis sind Gassner-, XLD-und Rambach-Agar geeignet. S. abortus ovis-infizierte Schafe ohne Erregerausscheidung konnen mit Hilfe serologischer Untersuchungen unter Anwendung des Langsamagglutinations- oder des ELISA-Testes erkannt werden. Hierbei erwies sich der ELISA-Test mit 17% positiven der 814 getesteten Tiere sensitiver als der Langsamagglutinationstest mit nur 2% positiven Reaktionen.
Cell-free Synthesis of Wheat Prolamins

Total RNA, polyribosomes and polyribosomal RNA have been isolated from immature wheat grain and used to prime the wheat-germ cell-free protein synthesis system to produce storage protein. The synthesis of wheat prolamins, a major fraction of storage proteins, was mainly associated with membrane-bound polyribosomes. The ratio of bound to free polyribosomes increased from one at 8 days to approximately three at 32 days post-anthesis. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography of the prolamins showed that the same components were being synthesized and accumulated from 12 days post-anthesis onward. Evidence is presented that prolamins within the molecular weight range 35 000-45 000 may be translated with a signal sequence attached. These signal sequences are rapidly removed during translation and further post-translational modifications may occur over longer periods.
Allozyme electrophoresis as a tool for distinguishing different zooxanthellae symbiotic with giant clams

The taxonomy of zooxanthellae in marine invertebrate symbioses is not well understood owing mainly to their lack of reliable morphological differences. Nevertheless, previous work using protein and DNA electrophoreses has set the stage for advancing our taxonomic understanding of cnidarian zooxanthellae. Here we present the use of allozymes as genetic markers for distinguishing algal isolates from tridacnid hosts. Zooxanthellae from seven Tridacna and Hippopus species were isolated and maintained in axenic clonal cultures over many generations. Of 16 enzyme systems, α– and β–esterase (EST), esterase–F (EST–F), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were found suitable polymorphic markers of genetic differences among clonal cultures. Of 39 clonal isolates, 97% were found to be genetically distinguishable. This high extent of genetic variation in zooxanthellae within and between clam species was unexpected, and is difficult to explain based solely on the general notion of asexual reproduction in symbiotic zooxanthellae. Our results are also consistent with the occurrence of sexual reproduction in clam zooxanthellae. The close genetic similarity of the symbionts of Tridacna gigas, the largest and fastest–growing clam species, and the difficulty of initiating their clonal cultures in the given nutrient medium, compared with the symbionts of other clam species, are further indicative of possibly distinct algal symbionts in T. gigas. These findings are discussed in light of current taxonomic understanding of these organisms.
The Effect of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) and Marigold Flower (Tageteserectus) Powder on Egg Production, Egg Yolk Color and Some Blood Metabolites of Laying Hens

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of using different levels of Red Pepper powder (RP) and Marigold flower powder (MF) on egg production, egg yolk color and some blood metabolites in laying hens. Ninety, 103-weeks old laying hens were divided into 5 treatments groups of 6 birds in each cage with 3 replicates in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet containing different concentrations of RP (1 and 3%) and MF (1 and 3%) along with a control / untreated group. During 9 weeks of experimental period egg production, egg quality and quantity parameters were recorded. The blood samples were taken at 14, 28 and 42 days of experiment. The white blood cell counts and some blood metabolites were measured. The egg yolk colors were measured using Fan Roche methods. There were no significant differences among treatments for egg quality traits but the yolk color changed in treated group compared with controls (P 0.05).