Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential collaboration network with sentiment coloring

When multiple authors one after another edit a work and a revision control system records the revision history one may construct the so-called “sequential collaboration network” (SCN) [1], also called the “article trajectory” [2]. The nodes of an SCN each corresponds to one author and a directed link between two nodes indicates that an author has edited the work right after another author, thus the construction of an SCN results in a directed graph. As an example of a SCN I have implemented an online on-demand service for the revision history of individual Danish Wikipedia articles, presently available from http://toolserver.org/ fnielsen/cgi-bin/revvis. I let the node size correspond to the number of edits of the user has made. In a research project we examine the positive and negative edits made on Wikipedia to a set of company articles on the English Wikipedia by different users. Continuously monitoring Wikipedia and adding the text data to our local database via the Wikipedia API, we use sentiment analysis [4] on the retrieved text to determine whether a user has added or removed positive or negative text from a Wikipedia article. The sentiment analysis method is presently based on a valence-labeled word list, AFINN, that we created ourselves [3]. How can we create a good overview over the sentiment analyzed data that both has a user and a temporal dimension? We produce plots of the sentiment evolution through time (edits) and barplots of summarized user sentiment towards a company as well as color coded lists of text “diffs”. But to get a visualization of the mutual edits of users we render the data as color-coded SCNs where the node color is determined from summarized user sentiment. As we for each company on Wikipedia monitor several articles the SCN for each company may have disconnected components if the users behind edits do not overlap between company articles. Visualizing the data we construct two plots: one with the entire SCN for the company and one “zoomed” plot with only the largest connected component. We let the Python package NetworkX handle the graph layout and rendering. For connected SCNs we find that a two-stage layout procedure works well in many cases with small SCNs: We initialize the node position with a spectral layout in the first stage and then in the second stage apply a few iterations of force-based layout. For disconnected SCNs we only use the force-based layout. The figure shows an automatically generated static plot with an SCN for a company. In the center is a “negative” user (red) directly connected to three “positive” users (green). An examinination of their edits reveals a small so-called “edit war” between the users, where the negative user adds text with negative sentiment towards the company on its product articles and where the positive users removes the inserted negative information. This is one example of the plots from several hundred companies we generate by batch and make available online at http://rb.compute. dtu.dk.
Image circulation, development hoardings and new strategies of urban change

ABSTRACT With an increasingly financialized real estate industry now becoming manifest on a global scale, there has also emerged an ever-increasing tendency for the circulation of images used in its promotion, including lifestyle magazines, on-line adverts and on-street hoardings. In drawing upon Dublin as a case study, and with a particular focus upon stylized hoardings surrounding new urban developments, this paper analyses the relationship between the production of urban space and image-making strategies. The paper emphasizes the relationship between the hoardings and associated promotional material and the distinctive spatial attributes in demarcating meanings. It is here argued that the hoardings represent a further internalization of entrepreneurial logics in reshaping urban space. This is illustrated through a number of identified trends that draw upon notions of the ‘local’ and ‘global’, while also projecting an imagined future and simultaneously celebrating the past of the city. Although always open to negotiation and disruption, ultimately, the effect of stylized hoardings in the production of urban space is to reinforce the dominance of the real estate industry in the city.
Brain Activity Associated With Expected Task Difficulty

Previous research shows that people can use a cue to mentally prepare for a cognitive challenge. The response to a cue has been defined as phasic alertness which is reflected in faster responses and increased activity in frontal, parietal, thalamic, and visual brain regions. We examine if and how phasic alertness can be tuned to the expected difficulty of an upcoming challenge. If people in general are able to tune their level of alertness, then an inability to tune may be linked to disease. Twenty-two healthy volunteers performed a cued visual perception task with two levels of task difficulty. Performance and brain activity were compared between these two levels. Performance was lower for difficult stimuli than for easy stimuli. For both cue types, participants showed activation in a network associated with central executive function and deactivation in regions of the default mode network (DMN) and visual cortex. Deactivation was significantly stronger for cues signaling difficult stimuli than for cues signaling easy stimuli. This effect was most prominent in medial prefrontal gyrus, visual, and temporal cortices. Activation did not differ between the cues. Our study shows that phasic alertness is represented by activated as well as deactivated brain regions. However only deactivated brain regions tuned their level of activity to the expected task difficulty. These results suggest that people, in general, are able to tune their level of alertness to an upcoming task. Cognition may be facilitated by a brain-state coupled to expectations about an upcoming cognitive challenge. Unique identifier = 8420030041.
Managerial Shareholding and CSR: Does Internal Control Quality Matter?—Evidence from China

This paper uses the data of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance of A-share listed companies in China from 2013–2017 as sample to study on the impacts of managerial shareholding on CSR performance. By dividing the sample into mandatory disclosure group and voluntary disclosure group, we first empirically test the impacts of managerial shareholding on CSR performance. Then, we discuss the role of internal control quality in the impacts of managerial shareholding on CSR performance. Panel data models are employed in the empirical research and robust test. The empirical results show that: Firstly, in mandatory disclosure group, managerial shareholding has no significant impacts on CSR performance. In voluntary disclosure group, managerial shareholding has a positive impact on CSR performance. Secondly, in voluntary disclosure group, internal control quality has a positive role in the impacts of managerial shareholding on CSR performance, but this positive role cannot be supported empirically in mandatory disclosure group. Overall, these findings indicate that CSR performance is influenced by managerial shareholding and varies with CSR disclosure behaviors. The results of robust test also support this conclusion. Finally, we put forward that it would be a good choice for the companies to implement long-term equity incentives and improve internal control quality to promote CSR performance.
Participatory Motivations in Advisory Councils: Exploring Different Reasons to Participate

ABSTRACT The most common participatory institution has been insufficiently analysed: associationally based institutions often exist at any government level (from the neighbourhood to the state), but have received only scant academic attention. This paper analyses these advisory councils (ACs) in Spain, in order to understand why their participants continue to attend the meetings, given the apparently limited attractiveness these institutions have. The analysis, based on results from a survey of participants (n = 569) in a sample of ACs (n = 70), shows that a diverse set of motivations exist (knowledge, influence, recognition and civic duty) and that the relevance of each of them varies within different types of councils and for different groups of participants. The results are relevant to the general discussion as to why people participate in different types of participatory institutions and in discussing how participatory inequalities appear in them.
MULTI STAGE WHEAT YIELD ESTIMATION USING DIFFERENT MODEL UNDER SEMI ARID REGION OF INDIA

Abstract. Crop yield estimation before harvest is required for marketing, pricing, storage, import, export etc. Productivity of cropping systems under various weather, management and policy scenarios can be predicted successfully by simulation models. Due to increase in input cost of agricultural operation, agriculture produces become costly. Therefore, crop yield estimation in the agriculture becomes essential. Weather variability causes the losses in the yield. Therefore, model based on weather parameters, soil parameter and crop parameters can provide reliable crop yield estimation in advance. For estimating the multi stage wheat crop yield, experiments were conducted at research farm of IARI, New Delhi during Rabi 2016–17 and Rabi 2017–18. Crop yield were estimated by weather based and crop simulation model. Percentage deviation of estimated yield by observed yield at flowering and grain filling stage was −5.1 and 2.0 by weather based model, 4.3 and 2.1 by InfoCrop model, 10.2 and 9.0 by DSSAT model during Rabi 2016–17 and 5.3 and 5.9 by weather based model, 2.3 and 2.2 by InfoCrop model, −10.8 and −9.6 by DSSAT model during Rabi 2017–18 respectively. Among the three models opted for estimating the yield at flowering and grain filling stage, InfoCrop model gave better results followed by weather based and DSSAT model. Therefore, this model can be used for multi stage wheat crop yield estimation at district as well as regional level.
Spatial variations in sedimentary N-transformation rates in the North Sea (German Bight)

Abstract. In this study, we investigate the role of sedimentary N cycling in the southern North Sea. We present a budget of ammonification, nitrification and sedimentary NO3- consumption and denitrification in contrasting sediment types of the German Bight (southern North Sea), including novel net ammonification rates. We incubated sediment cores from four representative locations in the German Bight (permeable, semi-permeable and impermeable sediments) with labeled nitrate and ammonium to calculate benthic fluxes of nitrate and ammonium and gross rates of ammonification and nitrification. Ammonium fluxes generally suggest oxic degradation of organic matter, but elevated fluxes at one sampling site point towards the importance of bioirrigation or short-term accumulation of organic matter. Sedimentary fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen are an important source for primary producers in the water column, supporting ∼7 % to 59 % of the average annual primary production, depending on water depth. We find that ammonification and oxygen penetration depth are the main drivers of sedimentary nitrification, but this nitrification is closely linked to denitrification. One-third of freshly produced nitrate in impermeable sediment and two-thirds in permeable sediment were reduced to N2. The semi-permeable and permeable sediments are responsible for ∼68 % of the total benthic N2 production rates, which, based solely on our data, amounts to ∼1030 t N d−1 in the southern North Sea. Thus, we conclude that semi-permeable and permeable sediments are the main sinks of reactive N, counteracting eutrophication in the southern North Sea (German Bight).
Satellite image registration based on the geometrical arrangement of objects

The knowledge of the geometrical relationship between images is a prerequisite for registration. Assuming a conformal affine transformation, 4 transformation parameters have to be determined. This is done on the basis of the geometrical arrangement of characteristic objects extracted from images in a preprocessing step, for example a land use classification yielding forest, pond, or urban regions. The algorithm introduced establishes correspondence between (centers of gravity of) objects by building and matching so-called ANGLE CHAINS, a linear structure for representing a geometric (2D) arrangement. An example with satellite imagery illustrates the usefulness of the algorithm.
Disclosure of Governance Practice by Islamic Banks in Indonesia

This study aims to evaluate the governance practices in Islamic banks in Indonesia by using the governance standards developed from AAOIFI and IFSB as the international sharia governance guidelines accepted throughout the world. Furthermore, this research will also identify what aspects have been and have not been fulfilled by Islamic banking in Indonesia in order to realize governance as expected. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that uses content analysis to explore and analyse the data. This study uses data sourced from annual reports, financial reports and websites of 12 Islamic banks in Indonesia, in 2016. Overall the data indicated that the index of governance of Islamic banks in Indonesia was still low when the guidelines sourced from AAOIFI and IFSB were used as benchmarks. The average score achieved by Islamic banks was 37%. Based on the guidelines prepared by Hasan (2011), the score was classified as emerging practices. The focus of Islamic banks to general governance was higher than specific governance information. Statistical tests demonstrated that this difference is significant.
Systems Approach to Scientific Investigation in Informatics

The level of informatics development is causally linked to the level of scientific development in the area. Successful scientific work is based not only on the investigative style of thinking, but it also means to think in context and to see the whole setting of the solved research problem - to be able to apply system approaches. System approaches include System Dynamics; a community practicing system dynamics has become the strongest school of system approach with many members of the academic environment as well as from real life practice. The aim of the article is to show the possibilities of system dynamics models as appropriate tools to support system approach to scientific research in informatics. The multidisciplinary and quantitative concepts that are typical of System Dynamics are, according to the authors, suitable for systemic solution of the complex problems of current IT practice. Conducted research and examining the principles of system dynamics including the stages of creation of its models confirm these author's arguments.
Reuse of Dunite Mining Waste and Subproducts for the Stabilization of Metal(oid)s in Polluted Soils

The circular economy seeks to minimize the use of raw materials and waste generation. In this context, here we addressed the use of dunite mining tailings and subproducts to stabilize metal(oid)s in polluted soils. We first characterized the dunite mining tailings and subproducts, and a paradigmatic polluted soil in depth to determine their chemical and mineralogical properties. Experimental trials using Brassica juncea L. were performed to evaluate the impact of the two materials on vegetation growth, edaphic properties and pollutant stabilization yields. To this end, the plants were grown over 75 days in 1 kg pots containing the polluted soil amended with the dunite materials. Notably, both amendments caused a dramatic decrease in the available Zn and a moderate reduction in available Cu, Cd and Pb. In contrast, the concentration of available As was not modified. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was improved by treatment with the amendments, allowing an increase in the biomass harvested. The immobilization mechanism achieved was probably due to an increase in pH and CEC. In conclusion, the dunite tailings and subproducts could be effective amendments for stabilizing polluted soil. This work paves the way for additional studies with distinct types of soils and conditions.
The contribution of an events programme to sustainable heritage conservation: a study of the National Trust in England.

Whilst for many nations progressing a sustainable development agenda is a priority, for others, conserving their existing socio-natural heritage in a sustainable way may be significant. In the United Kingdom, the National Trust, a charitable organisation, supports its extensive conservation role through a wide-ranging programme of events each year. This study explores the various ways in which these events have been developed to contribute to sustainable heritage conservation. The method for this case study consisted of the collection and analysis of both primary and secondary data. The former obtained through in-depth interviews with key personnel within the National Trust, with secondary data from National Trust and other sources used in support. The findings show the Trust’s events play a vital role in educating the public in sustainability, in respect of both natural and cultural heritage. The interview participants revealed that the events are conceived in two main ways – first, a top-down approach whereby events relate to a national organisational campaign and secondly, events which develop from the bottom-up and reflect the uniqueness of each of the Trust’s properties. This study therefore extends the prevailing approach to events and sustainable development by considering the very positive contribution of an events programme to heritage conservation, which has implications for other conservation bodies throughout the world.
Enhanced System Health Assessment using Adaptive Self-Learning Techniques

System health assessment, as one of the most critical tasks in Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), is able to determine the current health condition and detect the incipient fault. Conventionally, the assessment is executed by evaluating the difference between the current behavior and a pre-defined baseline model through the training data. However, only relying on the static baseline model might not obtain an accurate health assessment result in practice, since the dynamic data context will lead a tremendous impact on the assessment decision. This research proposes to design and develop a systematic approach to assess the system health condition with adaptive self-learning techniques. The proposed method learns from the monitoring process continuously so that it is able to not only prevent the uncertainties in the ambient environment but also aggregate valuable knowledge such as new working regimes or degradation patterns. A growing health model is constructed to accumulate newly encountered working regimes and degradation patterns. Finally, the whole methodology was validated by a toy data set from a rotor shaft test bed, which demonstrated the feasibility of the self-learning mechanism.
Comparison of Vertical Magnification Ratio among Various Areas in Panoramic Radiographs

Implant placement has become a common procedure to replace lost dentition nowadays. Radiographic examination is considered a prere­ quisite for pre­operative planning in implant treatment in order to evaluate bone quantity, quality and anatomical limitations. The most widely used radiographic tool in dentistry is the panoramic radiography, by virtue of its short taking time, low radiation dose, and inexpensiveness. Despite the inherent disadvantages such as distortions due to the two­dimensional nature, panoramic radiograph often gives us sufficient information to analyze available edentulous ridge height by enabling the localization of important anatomic landmarks, such J Korean Dent Sci. 2017;10(2):53­59 https://doi.org/10.5856/JKDS.2017. 10.2. 53 ISSN 2005­4742 ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ADAPTIVE CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR SUPER-RESOLUTION SPARSE MIMO-OFDM

A multiple-input multiple (MIMO) communication system combined with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique can achieve reliable high data rate transmission over broadband wireless channels. The most important research topic in the wireless communications is the adaptive channel estimation where the channel is rapidly time-varying. In this paper performance analysis of channel estimation through adaptive channel estimation algorithms for estimating channel using different modulation scheme are investigated. a parametric sparse multiple input multiple output (MIMO)-OFDM channel estimation scheme based on the finite rate of innovation (FRI) theory, whereby super-resolution estimates of path delays with arbitrary values can be achieved. Meanwhile, both the spatial and temporal correlations of wireless MIMO channels are exploited to improve the accuracy of the channel estimation. The estimation of channel at pilot frequencies is based on Least Mean Square and Recursive Least Square channel estimation algorithm. I have compared the performances of channel estimation algorithm by measuring bit error rate vs. SNR with BPSK, QPSK 16-PSK and 256- PSK modulation schemes.
The Atlantic/Pacific atmospheric moisture budget asymmetry : the role of atmospheric moisture transport

The contrast between basin-integrated precipitation minus evaporation (P − E) of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is about 0.4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 109 kg s−1 ). The Atlantic is net evaporative and the Pacific near neutral - a result consistent across datasets. This asymmetry has been linked to the higher sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Atlantic than in the Pacific (at all latitudes) and the absence of deep-water formation in the Pacific. This thesis focuses on the interbasin P − E contrast and the atmospheric moisture transports associated with it. Here, it is shown that the P −E asymmetry is primarily a result of greater Pacific precipitation per unit area south of 30◦N, with greater Atlantic evaporation per unit area north of 30◦N making a smaller contribution. Comparing the atmospheric moisture fluxes across the catchment boundaries of the ocean drainage basins (the integral of which is equal to basin-integrated P −E) shows that anomalous eastward fluxes across South-East Asia, in contrast to westward fluxes across other boundaries, dominate the annual mean P − E asymmetry, rather than the flux across Central America as is often stated. Using an airmass trajectory model it is shown that the moisture fluxes across catchment boundaries are dominated by contributions from the neighbouring basins. This also reveals that the atmosphere imports moisture to the Pacific more efficiently than to the Atlantic/Indian basins. Backward trajectories with Indian Ocean origin are associated with net precipitation of 0.43 Sv across the Pacific. The Somali low-level jet and Asian Summer Monsoon dominate the P − E asymmetry by diverting trajectories away from Africa into westerly flow across India towards the Pacific. This causes the anomalous eastward fluxes across South-East Asia and therefore the strong Pacific precipitation south of 30◦N. These results highlight the importance of continental geometry and steady large-scale circulation features in the mean state of the P − E asymmetry.