Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyst–theca relationship and phylogenetic positions of the diplopsalioideans (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae), with description of Niea and Qia gen. nov.

Abstract: Nine genera have been assigned to the subfamily Diplopsalioideae, but since most have not been characterized molecularly and their cyst–theca relationships are largely unknown, the phylogenetic relationships among these genera are not well understood. Here we established the cyst–theca relationships of 11 species (Boreadinium breve, Diplopelta globula, Diplopsalis lenticula, Diplopsalopsis ovata, Lebouraia pusilla, Niea acanthocysta, Niea chinensis, Niea torta, Oblea rotunda, Preperidinium cf. meunieri and Qia lebouriae) belonging to nine genera by incubating cysts collected along the coast of China. In addition, we obtained 22 large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences from the germinated motile cells of these 11 species by single-cell polymerase chain reaction. A new genus, Niea, was erected to encompass species with a plate formula identical to that of Oblea, that is, Po, X, 3′, 1a, 6′′, 3C+t, 5′′′, 2′′′′, but with an ortho 1′. Niea chinensis was described based on both theca and cyst morphology. The genus Oblea was emended to incorporate only species with a meta 1′. As a consequence, Oblea acanthocysta and O. torta were transferred to the newly erected genus Niea. A second new genus, Qia, was established to encompass Diplopsalis lebouriae, and the genus Diplopsalis was emended, differing from Qia in the shape of the anterior intercalary (1a) plate. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Molecular phylogeny revealed that the diplopsalioideans were not monophyletic and were subdivided into three clades. From our results, the shape of the first apical and anterior intercalary plates and the number of apical, anterior intercalary and antapical plates were useful characteristics to distinguish the diplopsalioideans at the genus level.
Effects of Illumination on the Circadian Motor Rhythm of the Chelipeds of Crayfish

The effects of different illumination conditions on the main parameters of the circadian motor rhythms of the two chelipeds of the crayfish, Procambarus digueti, were compared. Under either constant darkness (DD) or constant light (LL) the phase relationship between the two circadian rhythms was more stable than under entrained conditions (LD cycles). These results suggest that the oscillators responsible for these rhythms differ in their sensitivity to light. The role of paired organs in the internal temporal order of the crayfish is discussed.
WITHIN AND BETWEEN TREE VARIATION OF LIVE AND PARASITIZED DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORYGIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), COCOONS ON WHITE FIR IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SAMPLING

Abstract The distribution of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McD.), cocoons was studied within and between the crowns of white fir, Abies concolor ((Gord. and Glend.) Lindl. ), at six locations in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The within tree, between tree, and between plot distribution of cocoons in the crown, categorized by sex, mortality (including parasitization), and stage (larva or pupa) were analyzed. Only cocoons containing female pupae varied in their distribution within the tree and they were concentrated in the bottom third of the live crown but their densities at any one level bore little relation to those in the other levels within the crown. Cocoon density varied significantly between plots and between trees within plots. Total parasitism did not vary significantly between plots. The variable within tree distribution of cocoons containing female pupae and their increased percentage parasitism relative to those containing male pupae, suggested that the live crown should be stratified. A sample unit consisting of two branches selected from the midpoint of each of the three crown levels (total: 6 branches) sampled approximately 5% of the live crown of white fir. The relation between the number of sample trees and mean cocoon density at three levels of precision is provided.
Oral Health and Dental Care in Older Korean Immigrants in the United States: A Qualitative Study

Many segments of the U.S. population experience a disproportionate burden of oral disease and inequities in dental care, and older Asian immigrant populations are among those at high risk. To attend to ethnic variations among older Asian Americans and to better understand contextual factors that shape their experiences of oral health and dental care, we conducted in-depth intervie-ws with 18 older Korean immigrants in Los Angeles. The qualitative inquiries were theoretically guided by the three core categories of the Andersen (1968, 1995) health service model: oral health needs, service barriers, and service outcomes. Using the constant comparison method, we derived eight themes across the three categories: (1) oral health problems, (2) perceived needs, (3) insurance and finance, (4) language barriers, (5) social support, (6) knowledge and beliefs, (7) satisfaction with service, and (8) areas for improvement. The study findings demonstrated that older Korean immigrants have varied experiences associated with oral health and dental care and informed the development of services and programs responsive to the identified needs and barriers.
Measuring the Impact of Trust on Foreign Aid Effectiveness

This research is an attempt to analyze the role of informal institutions on development aid effectiveness. The link between quality institutions and economic growth has been established in the literature. However, little analysis in the aid effectiveness literature has been performed on the role of informal institutions. This research uses World Values Survey data to capture the level of trust within a society as a measure of the degree to which its informal institutions and norms promote economic exchange. This research supports past findings that trust has positive effects on economic growth. Furthermore, it is found that development aid does not induce growth when interacted with trust. The implications of this research are that informal institutions that promote trust among individuals serve to lower transaction costs which promote economic exchange and development. Possible policy options are discussed for promoting trust and it is suggested that development aid be refocused as a bottom-up, case specific approach that promotes institutional evolution to achieve development. Introduction / Research Motivation In an attempt to reduce global poverty and raise living standards, economic development aid has been a common policy tool of international organizations, developed countries, and nongovernmental organizations. The focus of foreign aid the past three decades has been to transfer money, physical capital, and technology to poor countries with the goal of generating economic development. However, the effectiveness of foreign aid has been in doubt beginning with Mosely (1987), who found it to have little impact on economic growth. Subsequent literature has attempted to measure economic and political conditions in order to determine the best candidates for effective aid. Burnside and Dollar’s (2000) seminal work formed a “Good Policy Index” as one measure that impacts the effectiveness of aid. Two opposing schools of thought have emerged: one argues that aid has failed
State Enrollment Experience: Implementing Health Coverage Eligibility and Enrollment Systems Under the ACA

• Effective leadership and a culture that prioritized enrollment as a goal were important factors in many states. Key Findings The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) included new eligibility and enrollment requirements, which have presented states with significant implementation opportunities and challenges. Although states had choices about whether to host a health insurance exchange or expand Medicaid, the ACA required all states to make major changes to Medicaid eligibility policy, including adding mandatory coverage of new groups, implementing streamlined eligibility and renewal processes, incorporating new eligibility and verification requirements, and coordinating enrollment systems with exchanges.1
Forms-based Service Composition for Domain Experts

In many cases, it is not cost eﬀective to automate business processes which affect a small number of people and/or change frequently. We present a novel approach for enabling domain experts to model and deploy such processes from their respective domain as Web service compositions. The approach is based on user-editable service naming, a graphical composition language where Web services are represented as forms, a targeted restriction of control ﬂow expressivity, automated process veriﬁcation mechanisms, and code generation for executing orchestrations. A Web-based service composition prototype implements this approach, including a WS-BPEL code generator.
The Acceptance of the eRezeki Digital Platform in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia

This paper presents the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in determining the acceptance of the eRezeki digital workforce platform among eRezeki trainees. The eRezeki Program was launched by the Malaysian government to support the Bottom 40 (B40) group by increasing their quality of life through the leveraging of digital economies. A group of 166 respondents in Kuala Selangor have taken part in the survey and joined the eRezeki training program in November 2019. The proposed model, which consists of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural intention, has been developed to measure the acceptance among eRezeki trainees in using the eRezeki digital platform to generate extra income.
Automatic Non-Invasive Method to Investigate Human Swing of the Gait Cycle

The purpose of this study was to analyse the electromyogram (EMG) signal processing and its application to identify human swing phase of the gait cycle so to develop an automatic, intuitive, low-cost and not invasive EMG device. Electromyography is traditionally used for diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. EMG signals acquired from muscles require advanced tools and methodologies. However, with the advent of increasingly powerful and low cost sensors and microcontrollers, the study of EMG has found its place in robotics, in the creation of advanced prostheses and in rehabilitation techniques. In this study, a single channel surface EMG signal was studied from human muscles using non-invasive electrodes. After amplification stage, the EMG signal was digitized through analogue and digital (A/D) converter to have accurate and clear signal. Many paediatric neuromuscular disorders are analogous to those seen in the adult and the electrodiagnostic evaluation provides an important extension to the neurological examination. A total of 140 EMG amplitudes were recorded corresponding to 4 lower limb muscles of 35 subjects aged between 12 and 70 years was generated. For each record, the subject made a coordinated paused walk based on a sequence of audible tones to indicate each step. Results show that the amplitudes obtained in each swing sub-phase of the gait records are coherent with the normal swing phase. These findings allow to recommend the use of the EMG acquisition prototype for studies addressed to the detection of motion intention. Future studies will be carried out to extend this methodology to the study of gait in paediatric subject in order to create systems for the diagnosis of deviations from normal gait using non-invasive rehabilitation techniques.
Virtual Human Simulation on Memory Acquisition and Walking with the Memory

: In virtual simulations, one of the most difﬁcult tasks is how to model human behavior and how to validate the model by performing the simulations. Actually, many researchers have tried to model virtual humans for the behavior. Some researchers focused on how to decide the path for each person to move in a crowded situation. Others considered that human behavior cannot be generated with just one model, and the model should be categorized to some patterns such as individual, groups and crowd. Then, human actions are generated by applying each model according to the situation. In crowded situation, people might collide with each other if they move their own way without considering other person’s path. Then, collision avoidance model was also investigated. In addition, there are some simulations considering real situations such as crowded train station or epidemics of infectious disease. On the other hand, vision and memory are necessary for people to take actions so that some researchers proposed methods how to obtain the vision and construct the memory. In the real world, we memorize some landmark buildings at each intersection and build up our own map. With the help of the map, we can walk the same way several times and also can return to the original position. Furthermore, we sometimes intentionally change the way to ﬁnd a new path. In this case, people decide the path by integrating the vision they are obtaining with their memory acquired until then.
On Measuring Fidelity of Estimation Models

Estimation models play a vital role in many aspects of day to day life. Extremely complex estimation models are employed in the design space exploration of SoCs, and the efﬁcacies of these estimation models are usually measured by the absolute error of the model compared to a known actual result. Such absolute error based metrics can often result in over-designed estimation models, with a number of researchers suggesting that ﬁdelity of an estimation model should be examined in addition to, or instead of, the absolute error. In this paper, for the ﬁrst time, we propose four metrics to measure the ﬁdelity of an estimation model, in particular for use in design space exploration. The ﬁrst two are based on two well known rank correlation coefﬁcients. The other two are weighted versions of the ﬁrst two metrics, to give importance to points nearer the Pareto front. The proposed ﬁdelity metrics were calculated for a single processor estimation model and a multiprocessor estimation model to observe their behavior, and were compared against the models’ absolute error.
Memantine unproven to provide any clinical benefit in cases of vascular cognitive impairment

<p>A critical appraisal and clinical application of Wilcock G, Möbius HJ, Stöffler A. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500). <em>Int Clin Psychopharmacol. </em>2002 Nov;17(6):297-305. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00004850-200211000-00005">10.1097/00004850-200211000-00005</a>. </p>
Autonomous Economy: Coming Sooner Than You Think

Today we find ourselves, as a society, at a unique point in history. For the first time, technological opportunity is sufficient for our innovation appetite. The reason: Specific changes on our horizon are of such great proportion that regulatory, social and economic conventions need to catch up with technology advances before these systems can become market standard. Many organizations, corporations and governments are attempting to prepare themselves for the future by trying to predict outcomes. However, I think we can do better by focusing on key friction areas — the barriers to getting there.
Concurrency in Blockchain Based Smartpool with Transactional Memory

Blockchain is the buzzword in today's modern technological world. It is an undeniably ingenious invention of the 21st century. Blockchain was first coined and used by a cryptocurrency named Bitcoin. Since then bitcoin and blockchain are so popular that every single person is taking on bitcoin these days and the price of bitcoin has leaped to a staggering price in the last year and so. Today several other cryptocurrencies have adapted the blockchain technology. Blockchain in cryptocurrencies is formed by chaining of blocks. These blocks are created by the nodes called miners through the process called Proof of Work(PoW). Mining Pools are formed as a collection of miners which collectively tries to solve a puzzle. However, most of the mining pools are centralized. P2Pool is the first decentralized mining pool in Bitcoin but is not that popular as the number of messages exchanged among the miners is a scalar multiple of the number of shares. SmartPool is a decentralized mining pool with the throughput equal to that of the traditional pool. However the verification of blocks is done in a sequential manner. We propose a non-blocking concurrency mechanism in a decentralized mining pool for the verification of blocks in a blockchain. Smart contract in SmartPool is concurrently executed using a transactional memory approach without the use of locks. Since the SmartPool mining implemented in ethereum can be applied to Bitcoin, this concurrency method proposed in ethereum smart contracts can be applicable in Bitcoin as well.
Development of Multi-Hop Clustering Approach for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network

: A Vehicular ad-hoc network is a type of mobile ad-hoc network, it’s generally from with the group of vehicle nodes without using a any predefined infrastructure or network. All the vehicles are communicated with each other in a wireless transmission; the objective is to provide real time and reliable communication between the all participating vehicles nodes in a network. In this paper we use the multi-hop clustering techniques using with the cluster head selection process for the vehicular ad-hoc network, the cluster head node is selected on the basis of closest speed of node with average speed of node and having a more network life. Here the challenges is to update the cluster head value and selection of nodes is dynamically, All the simulation process done with the network simulator compare with the existing technique, and our proposed method gives better result than the previous techniques, all the results are obtained with some parameters like network overhead, throughput, end to end delay, packet loss rate and packet delivery ratio is discussed in this paper we have enhance the previous work by adding two new parameter percentage of stability and path length with the help QoS matric calculation. The key idea in this paper to proposes an MHC Approach for VANET that considers Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, mobility constraints and the distrust value parameters.
A Framework and a Language for Analyzing Cross-Cutting Aspects in Ad-hoc Processes

Ad-hoc processes have ﬂexible underlying process deﬁnition. The semi-structured nature of ad-hoc process data requires organizing process entities, people and artifacts, and relationships among them in graphs. The structure of process graphs, describing how the graph is wired, helps in understanding, predicting and optimizing the behavior of dynamic processes. In many cases, however, process artifacts evolve over time, as they pass through the business’s operations. Consequently, identifying the interactions among people and artifacts over time becomes challenging and requires analyzing the cross-cutting aspects of process artifacts: process artifacts, like code, has cross-cutting aspects such as versioning and provenance. Analyzing these aspects will expose many hidden interactions among entities in process graphs. We present a framework, simple abstractions and a language for analyzing cross-cutting aspects in ad-hoc processes. We introduce two concepts of timed-folders to represent evolution of artifacts over time, and activity-paths to represent the process which led to artifacts. The approaches presented in this paper have been implemented on top of FPSPARQL, Folder-Path enabled extension of SPARQL, and experimentally validated on real-world datasets.
Beware of the beginnings: intermediate and higher-level representations in deep neural networks are strongly affected by weight initialization

: Deep neural networks (DNNs) excel at complex visual recognition tasks and have successfully been used as models of visual processing in the primate brain. Because network training is computationally expensive, many computational neuroscientists rely on pre-trained networks. Yet, it is unclear in how far the obtained results will generalize, as different weight initializations might shape the learned features (despite reaching similar testing performance). Here we estimate the effects of such initialization while keeping the network architecture and training sequence identical. To investigate the learned representations, we use representational similarity analysis (RSA), a technique borrowed from neuroscience. RSA characterizes a network’s internal representations by estimating all pairwise distances across a large set of input conditions – an approach that is invariant to rotations of the underlying high-dimensional activation space. Our results indicate that differently initialized DNNs trained on the same task converged on indistinguishable performance levels, but substantially differed in their intermediate and higher-level representations. This poses a potential problem for comparing representations across networks and neural data. As a path forward, we show that biologically motivated constraints, such as Gaussian noise and rate-limited tanh activation functions can substantially improve the reliability of learned representations.
Parallel Coordinate Descent Newton Method for Efficient $\ell_1$-Regularized Minimization

The recent years have witnessed advances in parallel algorithms for large scale optimization problems. Notwithstanding demonstrated success, existing algorithms that parallelize over features are usually limited by divergence issues under high parallelism or require data preprocessing to alleviate these problems. In this work, we propose a Parallel Coordinate Descent Newton algorithm using multidimensional approximate Newton steps (PCDN), where the off-diagonal elements of the Hessian are set to zero to enable parallelization. It randomly partitions the feature set into $b$ bundles/subsets with size of $P$, and sequentially processes each bundle by first computing the descent directions for each feature in parallel and then conducting $P$-dimensional line search to obtain the step size. We show that: (1) PCDN is guaranteed to converge globally despite increasing parallelism; (2) PCDN converges to the specified accuracy $\epsilon$ within the limited iteration number of $T_\epsilon$, and $T_\epsilon$ decreases with increasing parallelism (bundle size $P$). Using the implementation technique of maintaining intermediate quantities, we minimize the data transfer and synchronization cost of the $P$-dimensional line search. For concreteness, the proposed PCDN algorithm is applied to $\ell_1$-regularized logistic regression and $\ell_2$-loss SVM. Experimental evaluations on six benchmark datasets show that the proposed PCDN algorithm exploits parallelism well and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in speed without losing accuracy.