Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘ Setting the joy free ’ with Cadbury UK

Writer(s): Jordan Bell Title: ‘Setting the joy free’ with Cadbury UK Subtitle: Language: A CDA analysis of how persuasion is communicated within Cadbury UK’s social media discourse, according to Aristotle’s ‘persuasive proofs’. English Pages: 63 This study uses a CDA analysis in order to take a critical look at how linguistic and visual techniques are used to create positive messages about a ‘modern’ brand, British confectionary company, Cadbury UK, in their social media discourse on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The study goes further in exploring how these messages are constructed in a way which according to Aristotle, is ‘persuasive’, looking at how they appealed to emotion (pathos), the character or trustworthiness of the brand (ethos) and how the message created or appealed to logic (logos). The study focuses on critical theoretical perspectives regarding the promotion of consumerism in such marketing operations, whilst also looking at how the messages identified are aimed at ‘persuading’ the audience into accepting consumerist values. This thesis also views social media as a platform upon which much sociological theory still applies such as the idea of ‘self-presentation’ for example, where individuals aim to present themselves in a way which benefits them within a social setting. The main messages identified within Cadbury UK’s social media discourse were: ‘Cadbury UK is a familiar ‘voice’, ‘Cadbury UK is a brand who cares’, ‘Cadbury UK is a source of joy’, ‘Cadbury UK shares festive family values’, ‘Cadbury UK is comforting’ and ‘Cadbury UK is a cultural symbol’. What these messages point out as a general summary is that Cadbury UK had utilised their social media discourse as a way of appearing ‘familiar’ to the consumer, with the aim of creating a ‘friendly’ relationship with them. It was also found that in all cases, pathos played a vital role in making the messages ‘persuasive’. This allowed the brand to communicate with the consumer at a ‘closer’, more emotional level.
Design and Implementation of a Feedback Control System for the Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation provides a curative stem cell therapy for hematological pathologies. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an attractive source of these cells, and ex vivo expansion would make these cells available to more patients. This endeavor is challenged by the accumulation of endogenously produced signaling factors in vitro, limiting HSPC expansion. We hypothesized that regulating these factors in real time with a feedback control system would enhance expansion. We combined a novel protein quantification assay with a fed-batch bioreactor system to dilute soluble factors, reducing their impact and improving expansion. We developed a mathematical model to further investigate the impact of feedback control on HSPC culture, and used it to design a sophisticated control algorithm to maximize the volumetric efficiency of the fed-batch culture system. This use of feedback control for stem cell culture provides an important step towards a robust bioprocess for HSPC expansion.
ASL Classification System Using Hierarchical Features Based on appearance, moment invariants, and direction

An American sign language(ASL) clssification system using hierarchical features based on appearance, moment invariants, and direction is proposed. First, to reduce the error rate and illumination chage, infrared image is used in this article. The appearance feature calculates circularity and eccentricity. And then ASL is classified by K-means using them. Next, the Hu- moment invariants features are used to recognize ASL by back-propagation (BP). Finally, the direction feature can accurately classify similar gestures like G and Z, I and J, U and H. The goal of this article is to achieve an efficient and effective classification system that meets the accurate classification of gestures. As a result, the performance evaluations of the recognition rate shows 97.15% and it takes 0.046 s to process one frame.
“We’re vulnerable too”: an (alternative) analysis of vulnerability within English criminal legal aid and police custody

This paper considers criminal justice through the lens of vulnerability theory, drawing attention to unexplored or underexplored vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system of England and Wales. We address three layers of vulnerability. The first identifies those who have more traditionally, although not unproblematically, attracted the label ‘vulnerable’; suspects in the criminal process. The second examines the vulnerability of those who, as humans, can be appreciated as vulnerable, but, within their roles in the criminal process, are not typically considered vulnerable – custody officers and defence lawyers. The third, least considered, explores the vulnerability of institutions – the police service and criminal legal aid system. Institutional failure to provide resources, and thus bolster the resilience of suspects and practitioners, can serve to further exacerbate vulnerability. Using empirical data, we explore how vulnerability manifests within the crucial early stages of the criminal process. In doing so, we provide a more holistic and critical account of vulnerability within the criminal justice system.
Comparison and analysis of empirical equations for soil heat flux for different cropping systems and irrigation methods

We evaluated the performance of four models for estimating soil heat flux density (G) in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) fields under different irrigation methods (center-pivot irrigated fields at Mead, Nebraska, and subsurface drip irrigated field at Clay Center, Nebraska) and rainfed conditions at Mead. The model estimates were compared against measurements made during growing seasons of 2003, 2004, and 2005 at Mead and during 2005, 2006, and 2007 at Clay Center. We observed a strong relationship between the G and net radiation (Rn) ratio (G/Rn) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). When a significant portion of the ground was bare soil, G/Rn ranged from 0.15 to 0.30 and decreased with increasing NDVI. In contrast to the NDVI progression, the G/Rn ratio decreased with crop growth and development. The G/Rn ratio for subsurface drip irrigated crops was smaller than for the center-pivot irrigated crops. The seasonal average G was 13.1%, 15.2%, 10.9%, and 12.8% of Rn for irrigated maize, rainfed maize, irrigated soybean, and rainfed soybean, respectively. Statistical analyses of the performance of the four models showed a wide range of variation in G estimation. The root mean square error (RMSE) of predictions ranged from 15 to 81.3 W m-2. Based on the wide range of RMSE, it is recommended that local calibration of the models should be carried out for remote estimation of soil heat flux.
Ontogeny and phylogeny in temnospondyls: a new method of analysis

A new method has been devised to compare the ontogeny and phylogeny of some of the better documented tetrapods from the Stephanian to the Trias. This approach is based on global parsimony analysis of several temnospondyl amphibians, in which some ontogenetic sequences have been highlighted. Forty-one homologous morphoanatomical character states have been separated into larval, juvenile and adult stages of each of six tetrapod species. The taxonomic congruence (TC) approach involves comparing trees based on larval, juvenile and adult character states. These so-called ‘ontotrees’ are not congruent, either in their topologies or in the distribution of the character states. The total evidence (TE) approach involves a combined analysis of all the character states observed in the various growth stages of the taxa, and is secondarily used in order to test this taxonomic incongruence. In this case, the TE result corroborates the TC analysis: the TE tree is robust and reveals a few homoplasies which cause the taxonomic incongruence. This is interpreted as either the result of heterochronic events in temnospondyl evolution, or as the product of inaccurate identification of larval and metamorphic fossil forms.
637 Developments in Diagnostics Research

Over the years, data assimilation and forecast schemes have evolved into very complex systems. For example, the ECMWF data assimilation system now handles a ve ry large range of space and surfacebased meteorological observations, combining these with p rior information of the atmospheric state and using a comprehensive linearised forecast model to ensu r that the observations are incorporated in a dynamically consistent way. Meanwhile the ECMWF f orecast model itself represents ever more physical processes, with ever increasing complexity, and is integrated at ever higher resolution. Recognising that any analysis or forecast is actually a probabilistic one, ECMWF continues to incorporate representations of uncertainty into all its fo recast components. Efficient and coordinated diagnosis of such a complex system is a necessity. Diagnostics has always been an active area of research and de velopment at ECMWF. Presently, ECMWF has a small nucleus of scientists dedicated to diagnos tics, who have a broad understanding of the global circulation and an overview of the assimilatio n and forecasting systems. Their unifying role will become ever more important as progress leads, i nevitably, to more fragmentation and specialisation within the overall task of producing foreca sts. However diagnostic work is not only about getting an overview, because all researchers need to p roduce ever more detailed diagnostics within their own particular fields. These trends raise the qu stion of whether we will need to enhance communication, coordination and collaboration across the traditional section boundaries in future. In order to address this issue, and to produce this report, a ‘ Working Group on Diagnostics’ (WGD) has been established at ECMWF. In this report, a diagnostics framework is introduced which highlights key diagnosis areas and their links. From each area, one or two ‘strategic’ diagnostic too ls ( r techniques) are highlighted. These tools are ‘strategic’ in that they are likely to be developed further and will inform future system developments. In order to demonstrate the utility of across -section collaborative work, these tools have been used to collectively address a long-standing prob lem for the ECMWF forecasting systems: that of the over-active Asian monsoon. This case-study prov ides a structural blue-print for future across-section projects focused on other forecasting prob lems and on the assessment of new model cycles. In discussing the above, together with future diagnostic re quir ments, this paper shows where ECMWF stands at present in terms of diagnostic work and proposes a s trategy that will ensure it meets the challenges of the future. Technical Memorandum No. 637 1 Developments in Diagnostics Research
Technology Developments for Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescopes

The July-2002 report of the High Energy Neutrino Astrophysics Panel (HENAP, [1]) recommended the construction of a km-scale Northern hemisphere neutrino observatory to complement a large-scale under-ice observatory (IceCube) in the Southern hemisphere. Such an observatory would study cosmic neutrinos with energies in excess of a few hundred GeV, which arrive undeviated from a variety of galactic and extragalactic sources of astrophysical interest, and which might be produced in the possible annihilation of dark matter particles, including neutralinos. Future developments in technology from that being presently implemented by the Lake Baikal, Nestor, and Antares collaborations toward that necessary for a much larger km-scale array are discussed. In January 2000, a part of the Nemo collaboration, engaged in studies for a km–scale detector close to the Sicilian coast, joined Antares in the development of a 0.1km detector. The two collaborations have formed a common working group to coordinate the effort toward the construction of a kmscale detector. The great depth presents numerous technical challenges in the construction, deployment and interconnection of such detectors, and may require the involvement of industrial contractors with experience in fields including deep-sea oil exploitation, submarine telecommunications cable deployment, underwater acoustic navigation and communication, and in the operation of manned or remotely-operated submarine vehicles. This paper reviews the status of some of the technologies for underwater neutrino detector arrays.
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON PULMONARY FUNCTION by CALI A DUNHAM

High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been utilized as a time-efficient strategy to induce numerous physiological adaptations and improve performance usually associated with “traditional” endurance training (ET). It is not known however, if HIT might lead to improvements in pulmonary function. Therefore we hypothesized that HIT would increase respiratory muscle strength and expiratory flow rates. Fifteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to an ET group (n = 7) and a HIT group (n = 8). All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion (VO2 max) on a cycle ergometer prior to and after training. Standard pulmonary function tests, maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), and maximal flow volume loops, were performed pre training and after each week of training. HIT subjects performed a four week training program on a cycle ergometer at 90% of their VO2 max final workload while the ET subjects performed exercise at 60-70% of their VO2 max final workload. All subjects trained three days/ week. The HIT group performed five one-minute bouts with three minute recovery periods and the ET group cycled for 45 minutes continuously at a constant workload. A five-mile time trial was performed prior to training, after two weeks of training, and after four weeks of training. Both groups showed similar (p<0.05) increases in VO2 max (~8-10%) and improvements in time trials following training (HIT 6.5 ± 1.3%, ET 4.4 ± 1.8%) with no difference (p>0.05) between groups. Both groups increased (p<0.05) PImax post training (ET ~25%, HIT ~43%) with values significantly higher for HIT than ET. There was no change (p>0.05) in expiratory flow rates with training in either group. These data suggest that whole body exercise training is effective in increasing inspiratory muscle strength with HIT leading to greater improvements than ET. Also, HIT offers a time-efficient alternative to ET in improving aerobic capacity and performance.
Economic Transition and Wage Differentials Between Public and Private Sectors in China

Using the reduced wage function model and decomposition methods, this paper estimated changes in wage structure and determinants of wage differentials between the public and private sectors from 1995 to 2007 in China. The major conclusions are as follows: First, with the progress of the economic system transition, wage differentials between the public sector and collective owned enterprises (COEs) decreased, but wage differentials between the public sector and foreign invested enterprises (FEs)/private enterprises (PEs) increased; second, human capital affected wage level in both the public and private sectors in 1995 and 2007, but differentials of human capital influences between the public and private sectors became narrow from 1995 to 2007; and finally, when wage differentials are decomposed into endowment effect, explained by differences in labor productivity characteristics and price effect, partly caused by institutional factors, the author observed that the former increased, while the latter decreased from 1995 to 2007. These results reveal that with the progress of market-oriented economic reform, labor productivity characteristics based on individual human capital were more highly rewarded. Results demonstrate that market mechanisms began to function and correct the distortion of wage decisions in China during the economic transition period.
Personal Health Data: Accessibility and Value in a Danish Context

The rapidly-evolving digital life of individuals has led to an increasing amount of personal health data (PHD) that are stored across various databases. This study aims to examine challenges encountered by healthy participants while accessing their PHD and to discuss how this knowledge can be used for the creation of future healthcare services. The participants were tasked to find and access their PHD. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and journaling were the methodologies to examine participants’ experience of accessing their PHD, and the perceived value of data. Our findings point out that the participants felt that PHD are accessible through services, nevertheless accessing of PHD were found to be a laborious task. Participants were disappointed by the experience of using various interfaces of the services. The perceived value of PHD was found to be dependent on the usability and personalisation features of the services, rather than on the data itself.
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASURING FAT MASS IN HEALTHY INDIANS WITH A WIDE EMI RANGE

The prediction of fat mass from the measurement of bioelectrical impedance has gained popularity because of the ease of performing the measurement. However, the prediction equation used in this method could be specific for a distribution of body size. This study tested the prediction of fat mass in Indian, by the use of an equation based on bioelectrical impedance, which had earlier been generated on a group of low body mass index (EMI 18.15±2.07 kg/m') Indians. The impedance method was tested against a standard skinfold method based on the sum of four skinfolds, in a group of 68 Indian males with a large range of BMI (16-26 kg/m 2). The subject were tested as a single group, and were also stratified into four groups based on their BMI, with ranges of BMI between, 15.0-17.9, 18.020. 9, 21.0-23.9, and >24.0. The mean difference between the estimates of fat mass from the two methods was low in the lowest body mass index (EM! ) group (0.91 ± 2.00 kg), with the impedance equation over-estimating the fat mass in all groups. This suggests that the impedance equation should be used with caution in groups whose BMI is above 21. The distribution of the skinfold thickness revealed that the thickness of the suprailiac skinfold showed the most linear and greatest increment, as the BMI increased across the groups, i.ldicating that it is probably the best single indicator of the fat mass, among the individual skinfolds.
A particle flow specific boundary element formulation for microfluidic applications

In this study, a special formulation to obtain velocities of particles flowing within a microchannel is presented. The formulation is based on boundary element method, and the large system matrices resulting from the analysis is reduced to a system of linear equations with the unknowns being the rigid-body motion parameters of the particles. This reduction is achieved through matrix multiplications which increases computational efficiency when compared with the solution of a large system of equations. Since the formulation involves mainly matrix multiplications, parallelization is straightforward. With the presented algorithm, only the position of the particle(s) are tracked through the solution of their rigid-body velocities and an explicit time integration to obtain displacements. Due to the boundary-only nature of the boundary element method, the particle flow in close proximity to the channel walls are very effectively modeled without any need for specific model. The presented method is given in 2D, where the 3D formulation is straightforward. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, besides some benchmark problems, two fundamental processes, namely flow cytometry and hydrodynamic-based particle separation, are studied. It is observed that present formulation offers an efficient numerical model to be used for the simulation of the particle trajectory for 2D microfluidic applications and can easily be extended for 3D multiphysics
A New Way of Engaging With Stakeholders: Crowdfunding and the Advantage of Social Ventures

Technologies such as crowdfunding are changing the way that entrepreneurial firms interact and transact with important stakeholders. Focusing on rewards-based crowdfunding, we describe two stakeholder types that have emerged which are distinct from their traditional counterparts. Applying topic modeling to Kickstarter rewards from 2009-2016, we categorize rewards into types and examine the conditions under which these new stakeholder types choose different types of rewards, resulting in more successful projects. Using a machine learning method to label all Kickstarter projects as socially oriented or not, we demonstrate that social ventures have characteristics that create value for both types of stakeholders, and shed light on the boundary conditions of the benefits of social orientation. This paper has implications for scholarship on entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship more specifically, as well as for scholarship on the “new economy” of organizing production.
The XMM-Newton optical/UV monitor telescope

The XMM-OM instrument extends the spec- tral coverage of the XMM-Newton observatory into the ul- traviolet and optical range. It provides imaging and time- resolved data on targets simultaneously with observations in the EPIC and RGS. It also has the ability to track stars in its field of view, thus providing an improved post- facto aspect solution for the spacecraft. An overview of the XMM-OM and its operation is given, together with cur- rent information on the performance of the instrument.
Sharing Behavior in Israeli Schoolchildren: Cognitive and Social Learning Factors.

DREMAN, S. B. Sharing Behavior in Israeli Schoolchildren: Cognitive and Social Learning Factors. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 186-194. Middle-class boys (N = 180) were given an opportunity to share candies with other children in different reciprocity conditions. The combined effects of rewards in the past and expectations of future reward on present sharing were examined. The study was a 3 X 3 X 2 factorial which included 3 age levels (ages 6-7, 9-10, and 12-13); 3 levels of prior reward by the intended recipient (Recipient to S, Recipient to Other, and No Donation); and 2 levels of expectations of future reward from this recipient (S Identified and S Anonymous). In accordance with developmental expectations, donations over all conditions increased as a function of age. On the basis of social learning theory it was predicted that Ss would contribute the most in the condition in which they both had received a reward in the past and had expectations of obtaining reciprocation in the future (Recipient to S, S Identified). Contrary to this prediction Ss contributed the second smallest amount of candies in this condition, and an interaction was obtained between prior reward and future expectation of reward conditions. Unlike previous studies a relation between moral judgment and behavior was found.