Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppression for 6–8 weeks after modified donor lymphocyte infusion reduced acute graft‐versus‐host disease without influencing graft‐versus‐leukemia effect in haploidentical transplant

Background In haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the duration of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after modified donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was the only risk factor of DLI‐associated grades 3–4 acute GVHD. However, the successful application of modified DLI depended not only on the reduction of severe GVHD, but also on the preservation of graft‐versus‐leukemia (GVL) effect. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the impact of prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks and prophylaxis for <6 weeks on GVL effect after modified DLI in haploidentical HSCT. Methods A total of 103 consecutive patients developing hematological relapse or minimal residual disease (MRD)‐positive status after haploidentical HSCT and receiving modified DLI were investigated retrospectively. Fifty‐two patients received prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks after modified DLI; the remaining 51 patients received prophylaxis for <6 weeks. Results First, compared with prophylaxis for <6 weeks, prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks reduced incidence of relapse in total patients (26.6% vs. 69.0%, P <0.001). Besides, prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks also reduced incidence of relapse in 54 patients developing hematological relapse post‐transplant (P=0.018) and in 49 patients developing MRD‐positive status post‐transplant (P <0.001). Second, prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks reduced incidence of acute GVHD (P <0.05), reduced the therapeutic application of immunosuppressive agents (P=0.019), but increased the incidence of chronic GVHD (P<0.05). Third, prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks improved overall survival and disease‐free survival in total patients, as well as in patients developing hematological relapse post‐transplant and in patients developing MRD‐positive status post‐transplant (P <0.05). Conclusions In haploidentical HSCT, prophylaxis for 6–8 weeks after modified DLI does not reduce GVL effect, but reduces the incidence of DLI‐associated acute GVHD compared with prophylaxis for <6 weeks. This strategy will probably improve the safety and efficacy of modified DLI further.
Predictors and course of health‐related quality of life in Parkinson's disease

We investigated how health related quality of life (HRQL) changes over time in a population‐based cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and which factors predict a lower level of HRQL in these patients. Of 227 patients with PD assessed at baseline and followed prospectively, information on HRQL‐status was obtained in 111 subjects 4 years and 82 patients 8 years after inclusion. HRQL was measured by the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equation models. The NHP total score (P < 0.001) and scores in all NHP dimensions except for sleep worsened significantly during follow‐up. Steepest slope was found for the domain physical mobility (3.16, 95% CI 2.39–3.92), followed by the domains social isolation (2.22, 95% CI 1.52–2.93) and emotional reactions (1.36, 95% CI 0.74–1.97). In addition to follow‐up time, higher Hoehn and Yahr staging, higher Montgomery and Aasberg Depression Rating Scale scores, and presence of insomnia at baseline were associated with lower levels of overall HRQL during follow‐up. We conclude that PD has an increasing impact on HRQL as the disease progresses. During long‐term follow‐up, deterioration in physical mobility was the most important single factor contributing to decline in HRQL in our cohort, although distress of nonmotor character as a whole outweighed the impact of distress in physical mobility on overall HRQL. More advanced disease, higher severity of depressive symptoms, and presence of insomnia were found to be important and independent predictors of poor HRQL. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Serotonin mediates oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most common causes of liver enzyme elevation in the West. Its prevalence is likely to increase further, paralleling the epidemic increase of the metabolic syndrome. Serotonin degradation by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) was recently implicated as an important source of reactive oxygen species. We therefore tested the pathogenetic role of serotonin in a murine model of diet-induced steatohepatitis. METHODS Wild-type and serotonin-deficient mice, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1(-/-)) were fed a choline-methionine-deficient diet for 2 and 6 weeks. MAO-A was inhibited with clorgyline. Steatosis, hepatocyte injury, and hepatic inflammation were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analysis. Expression levels of MAO-A and serotonin transporter were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Oxidative stress was detected by measuring lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial damage was determined by electron microscopy and quantification of cytochrome c release. RESULTS After choline-methionine-deficient diet, Tph1(-/-) mice displayed an equal degree of steatosis, yet reduced hepatocellular injury and less severe inflammation. The difference in these NASH-defining features could be attributed to an increased uptake and catabolism of serotonin, yielding enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, which mediated hepatocellular injury by mitochondrial damage and inflammation. Inhibition of MAO-A reduced hepatocellular damage in wild-type mice. Correspondingly, MAO-A expression was up-regulated significantly in human NASH. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that serotonin plays a role in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis, and therefore might represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of NASH.
Diagnoses have the greatest impact on variation in sick-leave certification rate among primary-care patients in Sweden: A multilevel analysis including patient, physician and primary health-care centre levels

Aims: The aims of this study were to determine and evaluate simultaneously the importance of factors known to influence sick-leave certification such as the sick leave–related diagnoses, the patients’ socio-economic status, and characteristics of the physicians. Methods: Computerised medical records from 24 public primary health-care centres (PHCC) were used in a multilevel logistic regression analysis at three levels: patients (n=64,354; sex, age, socio-economic status, workplace factors and diagnoses), physicians (n=574; sex and level of experience) and PHCC (n=24). The variation of sick-leave certification at each level was the outcome. Results: Most of the variation was attributed to the patient level and only 3.5% to the physician and 1.2% to the PHCC levels. Among the patient characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses (mostly acute stress) had the highest odds ratio (OR) for sick leave (OR=16.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 15–17.2), followed by musculoskeletal diagnoses (OR=6.1; 95% CI 5.8–6.5). Other factors with increased OR were low education (OR=1.7; 95% CI 1.6–1.8), use of social allowance (OR=1.4; 95% CI 1.2–1.7) and certain workplaces (manufacture and health and social care). Being older was not associated with increased certified sick leave. Conclusions: The greatest variation in sick-leave certification rate was seen at the patient level, specifically psychiatric diagnoses. Socio-economic factors increasing the risk for sick-leave certification were education, social allowance and occupations in manufacture and caregiving. Understanding the impact of the different factors that influence certified sick leave is important both for targeted interventions in order to facilitate patients’ return to work.
Analyzing Sentence Structure

Earlier chapters focused on words: how to identify them, analyze their structure, assign them to lexical categories, and access their meanings. We have also seen how to identify patterns in word sequences or n-grams. However, these methods only scratch the surface of the complex constraints that govern sentences. We need a way to deal with the ambiguity that natural language is famous for. We also need to be able to cope with the fact that there are an unlimited number of possible sentences, and we can only write finite programs to analyze their structures and discover their meanings.
Heterogeneous and small cell networks: part 1 [Guest Editorial]

Driven by a new generation of wireless user equipment and the proliferation of bandwidth-intensive applications, user data traffic and the corresponding network load are increasing in an exponential manner. Most of this new data traffic is being generated indoors, which requires increased link budget and coverage extension to provide satisfactory user experience. As a result, current cellular networks are reaching their breaking point, and conventional cellular architectures that are devised to cater to large coverage areas and optimized for homogeneous traffic are facing unprecedented challenges to meet these user demands.
Inside IBM's Distributed Data Management Architecture

IBM's Distributed Data Management (DDM) architecture is an element of Systems Application Architecture™ that defines an open environment for sharing data in files and relational databases. DDM is a key element of IBM's Distributed Relational Database Architecture. DDM architecture enables programs to access and manage data stored on remote systems. It is a framework for a wide range of additional application services. Influenced by the concepts of object-oriented technology, DDM architecture is designed to be object-oriented. This paper examines DDM architecture from a number of viewpoints, considering why and how it was created, what it is, and how it has evolved.
Stimulation of interleukin‐6 production by either calcitonin gene‐related peptide or parathyroid hormone in two phenotypically distinct bone marrow‐derived murine stromal cell lines

It was recently shown that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is produced by bone and bone marrow‐derived stromal cells and that it plays an important role in osteoclast development. Here we examined whether parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), or the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) influence IL‐6 production by two murine bone marrow‐derived stromal cell lines: the preadipocyte‐like stromal cell line +/+ LDA11 and the fibroendothelial stromal cell line MBA 13.2. We found that CGRP (but not PTH or CT) exerted a dose‐dependent increase in cAMP and IL‐6 production in the +/+ LDA11 cells. In addition, CGRP had an inhibiting effect on the proliferation of this stromal cell line. CGRP, however, did not affect cAMP or IL‐6 in the rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line UMR‐106‐06, which exhibits CT receptors, whereas CT stimulated both cAMP and IL‐6 by the UMR‐106‐01 cells. In contrast to the specificity of the IL‐6 response of the +/+ LDA11 cells to CGRP, IL‐6 production by the MBA 13.2 stromal cells was stimulated by PTH whereas CGRP or CT had no effect. These data suggest that bone marrow‐derived stromal cells express receptors for either CGRP or PTH in a phenotype‐specific manner and that, acting via these receptors, CGRP and PTH stimulate IL‐6 production by stromal cells. In addition, the evidence for specific receptors for the neuropeptide CGRP in bone marrow stromal cells and an effect of CGRP on IL‐6 raises the possibility for a role of cytokines in a putative interplay between neuronal stimuli and bone.
Expected Tensor Decomposition with Stochastic Gradient Descent

In this study, we investigate expected CP decomposition — a special case of CP decomposition in which a tensor to be decomposed is given as the sum or average of tensor samples X(t) for t = 1,. ,T. To determine this decomposition, we develope stochastic-gradient-descent-type algorithms with four appealing features: efficient memory use, ability to work in an online setting, robustness of parameter tuning, and simplicity. Our theoretical analysis show that the solutions do not diverge to infinity for any initial value or step size. Experimental results confirm that our algorithms significantly outperform all existing methods in terms of accuracy. We also show that they can successfully decompose a large tensor, containing billion-scale nonzero elements.
Otel İşletmelerinin Pazarlama Faaliyetlerinin Yönetici Görüşleriyle İncelenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma (Gaziantep ve Adıyaman Örneği)

Hizla gelisen ve buyuyen bir sektor olan turizm sektorunun ulke ekonomisi, bolgesel kalkinma ve gelismedeki onemi oldukca buyuktur. Kuresellesme, teknolojik gelismeler, internetin yayginlasmasi gibi faktorler turizm hizmetini ve pazarlamasini etkilemis dolayisiyla turizm isletmelerinin daha fazla musteri icin yeni arayislara girmelerine sebep olmustur. Ayrica diger sektorlerde oldugu gibi turizm sektorundeki rekabet de uluslararasi duzeyden ulusal ve hatta bolgesel duzeye kadar inmistir. Bu arastirmada Guneydogu Anadolu Bolgesi’ndeki otel isletmelerinin turizm sektorundeki rekabet duzeylerinin anlasilmasi icin pazarlama faaliyet ve sorunlari belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Bu amacla, Gaziantep ve Adiyaman illerindeki 3, 4 ve 5 yildizli otel isletmelerinde calisan yoneticilerden konuyla ilgili anket yoluyla veriler toplanmistir. Anket uygulamasinda sorunlar yasanmasina ragmen gecerli 57 anket analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda; otel isletmelerinin agirlikli olarak mahalli pazara hitap ettikleri, bilimsel talep tahmin yontemlerini kullanmadiklari, oz degerlendirme icin daha cok musteri sikâyetlerini dikkate aldiklari ve satis gucunun artirmak icin internetten faydalandiklari hususlarinin one ciktigi gorulmustur.
Zebrafish as a model system to study toxicology

Monitoring and assessing the effects of contaminants in the aquatic eco‐environment is critical in protecting human health and the environment. The zebrafish has been widely used as a prominent model organism in different fields because of its small size, low cost, diverse adaptability, short breeding cycle, high fecundity, and transparent embryos. Recent studies have demonstrated that zebrafish sensitivity can aid in monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the application of transgenic technology in this area. The present review provides a brief overview of recent studies on wild‐type and transgenic zebrafish as a model system to monitor toxic heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, and organic pollutants for toxicology. The authors address the new direction of developing high‐throughput detection of genetically modified transparent zebrafish to open a new window for monitoring environmental pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:11–17. © 2013 SETAC
Exemplar

Abstract Reflection identifies one’ s professional capabilities, increases knowledge of self and improves understanding and management of patients. Conducting reflective practice is conducive to professional development and growth. A complex medical and nursing management of a psychiatric emergency is illustrated through this critical incident. Psychiatric nurses play a key role in de-escalating the aggressive behaviour of psychotic patients. Through reflection, the basic tools of psychiatric nurses are reviewed and the prime components of psychiatric therapy are discussed.
Antibody-Mediated Complement C3b/iC3b Binding to Group B Streptococcus in Paired Mother and Baby Serum Samples in a Refugee Population on the Thailand-Myanmar Border

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. In this study, we determined antibody-mediated deposition of complement C3b/iC3b onto the bacterial cell surface of GBS serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V. This was determined for 520 mother and umbilical cord serum sample pairs obtained at the time of birth from a population on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Antibody-mediated deposition of complement C3b/iC3b was detected to at least one serotype in 91% of mothers, despite a known carriage rate in this population of only 12%. Antibody-mediated C3b/iC3b deposition corresponded to known carriage rates, with the highest levels of complement deposition observed onto the most prevalent serotype (serotype II) followed by serotypes Ia, III, V, and Ib. Finally, neonates born to mothers carrying serotype II GBS at the time of birth showed higher antibody-mediated C3b/iC3b deposition against serotype II GBS than neonates born to mothers with no serotype II carriage. Assessment of antibody-mediated C3b/iC3b deposition against GBS may provide insights into the seroepidemiology of anti-GBS antibodies in mothers and infants in different populations.
Binary Deep Neural Networks for Speech Recognition

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in most current automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. To guarantee good recognition performance, DNNs usually require significant computational resources, which limits their application to low-power devices. Thus, it is appealing to reduce the computational cost while keeping the accuracy. In this work, in light of the success in image recognition, binary DNNs are utilized in speech recognition, which can achieve competitive performance and substantial speed up. To our knowledge, this is the first time that binary DNNs have been used in speech recognition. For binary DNNs, network weights and activations are constrained to be binary values, which enables faster matrix multiplication based on bit operations. By exploiting the hardware population count instructions, the proposed binary matrix multiplication can achieve 5 ∼ 7 times speed up compared with highly optimized floating-point matrix multiplication. This results in much faster DNN inference since matrix multiplication is the most computationally expensive operation. Experiments on both TIMIT phone recognition and a 50-hour Switchboard speech recognition show that, binary DNNs can run about 4 times faster than standard DNNs during inference, with roughly 10.0% relative accuracy reduction.
The Safety of Immediate Extubation After Abdominal Aortic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Trial

We performed this study to assess the safety of immediate extubation after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Consecutive patients were prospectively randomized into two groups after surgery: Group 1 (n = 29) immediate extubation; and Group 2 (n = 21) delayed (at least 4 h) extubation. All patients were assessed by a senior anesthesiologist or intensivist before extubation. The following data were collected: preoperative—demographics, presence of comorbid disease, body mass index, hemoglobin level, heart rate, and blood pressure; intraoperative—duration of surgery and cross-clamping, blood loss, amount of crystalloids, colloids, and blood transfused, temperature at end of procedure, urine output, and complications; and postoperative—time to extubation, scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, total fentanyl dose, and complications. Outcome variables were length of intensive care unit and hospital stay and 28-day mortality. The results showed no significant differences in preoperative or intraoperative variables between the groups, apart from a longer duration of surgery in Group 1 (P = 0.045). Group 2 patients had a significantly higher Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score (P = 0.04) and required a significantly larger dose of fentanyl (P < 0.001). One patient in Group 2 required reintubation after a cerebrovascular accident. The overall mortality rate was 4% (2 patients in Group 2). There were no significant differences in any of the outcome variables. We conclude that immediate extubation can safely be performed after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
Structure of bovine α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase and its complexes with UDP and DPGal inferred from molecular modeling

A homology model of α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase (α‐1,3‐GalT), the retaining enzyme responsible for the formation of α‐galactosyl epitopes, has been developed by means of molecular modeling using the SpsA glycosyltransferase structure. A protein‐ligand docking approach was used to model α‐1,3‐GalT complexed with UDP and UDP‐Gal. The comparison of structural features found in the α‐1,3‐GalT homology model with available structural data on this class of enzymes revealed similarities in the UDP‐binding pocket. In the predicted structure of the complexes, the pyrophosphate interacts with the DVD motif (Asp‐225, Val‐226, and Asp‐227) of α‐1,3‐GalT through the Mn2+ cation. The uridine part of the UDP binds into the well‐defined cavity that consists of Phe‐134, Tyr‐139, Ile‐140, Val‐136, Arg‐194, Arg‐202, Lys‐209, Asp‐173, His‐218, and Thr‐137 in a conformation that is generally observed in the crystal structures of other glycosyltransferase complexes. Proteins 2001;44:428–434. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DDOMAIN: Dividing structures into domains using a normalized domain–domain interaction profile

Dividing protein structures into domains is proven useful for more accurate structural and functional characterization of proteins. Here, we develop a method, called DDOMAIN, that divides structure into DOMAINs using a normalized contact‐based domain–domain interaction profile. Results of DDOMAIN are compared to AUTHORS annotations (domain definitions are given by the authors who solved protein structures), as well as to popular SCOP and CATH annotations by human experts and automatic programs. DDOMAIN's automatic annotations are most consistent with the AUTHORS annotations (90% agreement in number of domains and 88% agreement in both number of domains and at least 85% overlap in domain assignment of residues) if its three adjustable parameters are trained by the AUTHORS annotations. By comparison, the agreement is 83% (81% with at least 85% overlap criterion) between SCOP‐trained DDOMAIN and SCOP annotations and 77% (73%) between CATH‐trained DDOMAIN and CATH annotations. The agreement between DDOMAIN and AUTHORS annotations goes beyond single‐domain proteins (97%, 82%, and 56% for single‐, two‐, and three‐domain proteins, respectively). For an “easy” data set of proteins whose CATH and SCOP annotations agree with each other in number of domains, the agreement is 90% (89%) between “easy‐set”‐trained DDOMAIN and CATH/SCOP annotations. The consistency between SCOP‐trained DDOMAIN and SCOP annotations is superior to two other recently developed, SCOP‐trained, automatic methods PDP (protein domain parser), and DomainParser 2. We also tested a simple consensus method made of PDP, DomainParser 2, and DDOMAIN and a different version of DDOMAIN based on a more sophisticated statistical energy function. The DDOMAIN server and its executable are available in the services section on http://sparks.informatics. iupui.edu.
Mapping the proteome of poplar and application to the discovery of drought‐stress responsive proteins

Poplar is the first forest tree genome to be decoded. As an initial step to the comprehensive analysis of poplar proteome, we described reference 2‐D‐maps for eight tissues/organs of the plant, and the functional characterization of some proteins. A total of 398 proteins were excised from the gels. About 91.2% were identified by nanospray LC‐MS/MS, based on comparison with 260 000 Populus sp. ESTs. In comparison, reliable PMFs were obtained for only 51% of the spots by MALDI‐TOF‐MS, from which 43% (83 spots) positively matched gene models of the Populus trichocarpa genome sequence. Among these 83 spots, 58% matched with the same proteins as identified by LC‐MS/MS, 21.7% with unknown function proteins and 19.3% with completely different functions. In the second phase, we studied the effect of drought stress on poplar root and leaf proteomes. The function of up‐ and down‐regulated proteins is discussed with respect to the physiological response of the plants and compared with transcriptomic data. Some important clues regarding the way poplar copes with water deficit were revealed.