Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Records of Deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in the Copper River Basin, Southcentral Alaska

Hatler DF, Campbell RW, Dorst A. 1978. Birds of Pacific Rim National Park. Victoria: British Co lumbia Provincial Museum Occasional Paper No. 20. 194 p. hobson KA. 1997. Pelagic Cormorant Phalocrocorax pelagicus. Volume 282. In: Poole A, Gill F, editors. The Birds of North America. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America Inc. 28 p. johnsgard PA. 1993. Cormorants, darters and peli cans of the world. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. 445 p. Mackas DL, Batten S, Trudel M. 2007 Effects on Zooplankton of a warmer ocean: recent evidence from the Northeast Pacific. Progress in Oceanog raphy 75:223-252 Rodway MS, Lemon MJF, Summers KR. 1990. British Columbia Seabird Colony Inventory: Scott Islands. Vancouver: Canadian Wildlife Service Technical Report No. 86. 109 p. Smith JL, Morgan KH. An assessment of seabird bycatch in longline and netfisheries in British Columbia. Delta: Canadian Wildlife Service Tech
Multiple Interpretations of Unconventional Well Performance Using Analytical Solutions: A Marcellus Case Study

Shale formations have become an attractive target due to their massive estimated hydrocarbon reserve in North America. Due to their ultra-low permeability and their yet to be discovered complexity they are categorized as „unconventional‟ reservoirs which implies additional considerations and methodology to successfully develop a shale reservoir. Using horizontal drilling and implementing the massive hydraulic fracturing to provide the secondary permeability is the most common practice in shale reservoirs. The scope of this paper is to illustrate the workflow and methodology to rigorously analyze a horizontal shale gas well with multiple transverse hydraulic fractures. The study well is drilled in Marcellus Shale. Four distinctive scenarios are considered. First scenario considers the well in internal linear transient flow with a larger stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and drainage area requirement and the implications that arise with this assumption. In the other three scenarios the well is considered to have a transition from internal linear transient flow to internal depletion flow sometime during the well history. Pinning down and identifying the transition time accurately is a key factor in analyzing a shale gas well which affects the reservoir assessment and future well development decisions. In general early transition time implies higher reservoir permeability and smaller effective fracture area compared with a scenario with late transition time. Also due to higher estimated reservoir permeability the flow contribution from outside SRV will be more significant. Each scenario has been analyzed in detail to demonstrate an easy step by step approach to understand the implication of multiple interpretations on the overall well performance. This approach will help us understand a common problem that is mostly overlooked which is the reservoir contribution outside the SRV external reservoir volume (XRV). Choosing the correct scenario and identifying the transition time from internal linear transient flow to internal depletion flow is very critical. The effect of key parameters such as: current well flow regime, the time that well has gone to depletion, available drainage area, XRV and SRV size on well performance analysis, reservoir assessment and field development is analyzed in-depth and presented in this paper.
Identification of Prophages and Prophage Remnants within the Genome of Avibacterium paragallinarum Bacterium

Bacterial whole genome sequencing has delivered an abundance of prophage sequences as a by-product and the analysis of these sequences revealed ways in which phages have affected the genome of their host bacteria in various bacterial species. The aim of this study was to identify the phage-related sequences in the draft assembly of the Avibacterium paragallinarum genome, the causative agent of infectious coryza in poultry. Whole genome assembly was not possible due to the presence of gaps and/or repeats existent on the ends of contigs. However, genome annotation revealed prophage and prophage remnant sequences present in this genome. From the results obtained, a complete Mu-like bacteriophage could be identified that was termed AvpmuC-2M. A complete sequence of HP2-like bacteriophage, named AvpC-2M-HP2, was also identified.
CAREER DECISIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Student career decision-making has attracted research attention in the last two decades especially when it comes to choosing tertiary education. Despite the importance of decision-making skills, there are still limited studies exploring this phenomenon in practice. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential role of three different platforms including family, learning, and technological environments on the career decisions of university students. A survey about career choices was designed in order to identify the agreement levels of university students in Bosnian higher institutions. The study findings for students' career choices indicate a positive overall picture. Both family and technological environments were found to be influential on students' career choices. However, no impact from learning environment was identified. In order to generalize the findings, further research is required involving other contexts and subject groups. Only by systematically investigating fundamental aspects of students' career choices and by critically examining alternative theoretical decision-making models can further studies continue to progress on this subject matter.
Effects of Cooking on Antioxidant Activities and Polyphenol Content of Edible Mushrooms Commonly Consumed in Thailand

The effect of boiling on ten edible mushroom varieties was analyzed for antioxidant activities by three different assays (ORAC, FRAP and DPPH) and polyphenol content. The results indicated that the boiling process significantly decreased both antioxidant activities and polyphenol content in all mushroom varieties. Antioxidant activities and the polyphenol content of boiled mushrooms can be ranked from high to low as A. hygrometricus > A. Cylindracea > V. volvacea > L. edodes > P. eryngii. Percent true retention of ORAC, FRAP, DPPH and polyphenol content in cooked tissue of all mushrooms ranged from 21-75%, 17- 68%, 23-66% and 21-70%, respectively with the highest value in A. hygrometricus. Antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents were released into the cooking water was approximately 9-31%, 9-50%, 10-48% and 10-39% for ORAC, FRAP, DPPH and polyphenol, respectively. Percent loss of ORAC, FRAP, DPPH values and polyphenol content caused by thermal effect were about 9-64%, 8-60, 5-57% and 13-59%, respectively. Significantly positive correlations were observed between polyphenol and antioxidant activities in both raw and cooked mushrooms. The difference of characteristi c structure and shape of each mushroom variety could affect the different loss of antioxidant activities and the polyphenol during the cooking process. Since mushrooms have been used as food and food flavoring material in soups for many years, consuming boiled mushroom tissues as well as their broths to recover some polyphenol and antioxidant activity is recommended.
A Survey of Blockchain Technology Applied to Smart Cities: Research Issues and Challenges

In recent years, the rapid urbanization of world’s population causes many economic, social, and environmental problems, which affect people’s living conditions and quality of life significantly. The concept of “smart city” brings opportunities to solve these urban problems. The objectives of smart cities are to make the best use of public resources, provide high-quality services to the citizens, and improve the people’s quality of life. Information and communication technology plays an important role in the implementation of smart cities. Blockchain as an emerging technology has many good features, such as trust-free, transparency, pseudonymity, democracy, automation, decentralization, and security. These features of blockchain are helpful to improve smart city services and promote the development of smart cities. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on the literature involving blockchain technology applied to smart cities. First, the related works and background knowledge are introduced. Then, we review how blockchain technology is applied in the realm of smart cities, from the perspectives of smart citizen, smart healthcare, smart grid, smart transportation, supply chain management, and others. Finally, some challenges and broader perspectives are discussed.
Influence of Family Function about Youth Dependence to Synthetic Drugs

Background: drug abuse considered as a social phenomenon at present and health problems. Increasing rate of dependence drugs can be investigated in relationships among family and person. The present study was performed with aim to determine influence of family function about youth dependence synthetic drugs based on Mc Master Model of Family Function. Methods: This research was a Cross sectional study that performed among two groups youth of Esfahan city include; 183 dependent and 207 non dependent drugs. Data collections were; fourteen demographic questions and Family Assessment Device (FAD) standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by spss-18 with descriptive and analytic statistics such as ANOVA and independent t-test. Results: All domains of family functioning in dependent communication, roles, affective;group included responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control and general functioning was more inappropriate significantly. In dependent group, inappropriate foundations of life, low level of their education and parents, lower living standards, father and brother addicted and high the prevalence of drug use among friends were significantly more than nondependent group. Highest substance abused in depends group was
Functional analysis of nematode nicotinic receptors

Parasitic nematodes pose a significant threat to the health and economic welfare of communities worldwide, both directly through human disease and indirectly through infection of livestock and crop. At present, anthelmintic drugs such as the nicotinic agonists, which target nematode nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), offer a facile and cost-effective method of controlling both human and animal infection. Unfortunately, the continued heavy reliance on such compounds has led to the inevitable emergence of resistance in many different Nematoda species, thus making the subject of nematode nicotinic receptors of great importance. Using various levamisole-resistant, nAChR subunit mutants of the soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (viz. unc-29, unc-38 and unc-63) and well-established resistance-monitoring assays, the responses of the different strains to the nicotinic agonists levamisole, morantel, oxantel and pyrantel have begun to be characterized. Wild-type adult C. elegans are relatively unaffected by 1 mM oxantel, contrasting with a developmental retardation of larvae. Also, unc-38 mutants appear to be less refractory to the anthelmintics than the unc-29 and unc-63 animals. In preparation for the use of C. elegans as an ectopic transformation system for parasitic receptor DNA, preliminary biolistic transformation experiments were performed using microparticle bombardment. It was found that transformation of unc-38 animals with myo-3::gfp construct has no significant effect on their ability to thrash in suspension. The mutant characterization data may possibly reflect differential expression of nAChRs at various stages of development. The transformation data suggest that microparticle bombardment has little or no effect on C. elegans, which is essential for future transgenic experiments. In summary, important baseline data on C. elegans nicotinic receptors have been generated and a fundamental transgenic control line in unc-38;myo3::gfp has been established. This will allow for exciting rescue experiments using parasitic nematode nAChR DNA.
Development of an ISSR-Derived SCAR Marker in Korean Ginseng Cultivars (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)

Recently, new ginseng cultivars having superior agricultural traits have been developed in Korea. For newly developed plant cultivars, the identifi cation of distinctiveness is very important factors not only in plant cultivar management but also in breeding programs. Thus, eighty-fi ve inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were applied to detect polymorphisms among six major Korean ginseng cultivars and two foreign ginsengs. A total of 197 polymorphic bands with an average 5.8 polymorphic bands and 2.9 banding patterns per assay unit across six Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign ginsengs from 236 amplifi ed ISSR loci with an average 6.9 loci per assay unit were generated by 34 out of 85 ISSR primers. Three species of Panax ginseng including the Korean ginseng cultivars, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, could be readily discriminated using most tested primers. UBC-821, UBC-868, and UBC-878 generated polymorphic bands among the six Korean ginseng cultivars, and could distinguish them from foreign ginsengs. Sequence characterized amplifi ed region (SCAR) marker system was introduced in order to increase the reproducibility of the polymorphism. One SCAR marker, PgI821C650, was successfully converted from the randomly amplifi ed polymorphism by UBC-821. It showed the expected dominant polymorphism among ginseng samples. In addition, the specifi c polymorphism for Sunwon was generated by treating Taq I restriction enzyme to polymerase chain reaction products of PgI821C650. These results will serve as useful DNA markers for identifi cation of Korean ginseng, especially Sunwon cultivar, seed management, and molecular breeding program supplemented with marker-assisted selection.
Home Range and Movements of Roof Rats (Rattus rattus) in an Old-growth Riparian Forest, California

Abstract Information on the spatial ecology of nonnative roof rats (Rattus rattus) is important for developing management strategies to reduce their impacts on native wildlife in riparian habitats. We determined home-range size and movement patterns of nonnative roof rats (Rattus rattus) in an old-growth riparian forest in California by radiotracking 12 individuals in August and September 2002. Males had larger home ranges than females. There was considerable overlap of ranges within and between sexes. Rats nested from 2 to 15 m high in trees, and used multiple nests that were sometimes shared simultaneously with other rats. Rats were most active at night, spending most of their time on, or close to the ground, and favoring areas of dense cover of blackberry and grape.
Taxonomic distinction of Ophelia barquii and O. bicornis (Annelida: Polychaeta) in the Mediterranean as revealed by ISSR markers and the number of nephridiopores

Ophelia bicornis sensu lato is a polychaete living in intertidal sandy habitats of Mediterranean and European Atlantic coasts, whose systematics have been strongly debated in the past few decades. In the present work the count of nephridiopores was coupled with genetic analysis carried out with DNA markers (inter simple sequence repeats) for a total of 30 individuals collected at six Italian beaches. Exact test, analysis of molecular variance, non-metric multidimensional scaling and assignment tests clearly separated individuals with five nephridiopore pairs from those with six pairs. This finding validated results of a recent allozyme study in which O. bicornis sensu lato was split into O. bicornis sensu stricto (six nephridiopore pairs) and O. barquii (five nephridiopore pairs). This paper represents a further contribution to the estimation of biodiversity within marine invertebrates.
Two new combinations in Didymodon (Pottiaceae) from South America

Abstract Barbula santessonii E. B. Bartram and B. fusca Müll. Hal. , two neglected South American species are transferred to the genus Didymodon Hedw. Both species are described and distinguished from closely related species with which they may be confused. Each species is illustrated for the first time and its distribution mapped. Barbula fuscoviridis Broth. ex Thér. is synonymized with Didymodon fuscus.
Random placement models predict species–area relationships in duck communities despite species aggregation

Species–area relationships are the product of many ecological processes and their interactions. Explanations for the species–area relationship (SAR) have focused on separating putative niche-based mechanisms that correlate with area from sampling effects caused by patches with more individuals containing more species than patches with fewer individuals. We tested the hypothesis that SARs in breeding waterfowl communities are caused by sampling effects (i.e. random placement from the regional species pool). First, we described observed SARs and patterns of species associations for fourteen species of ducks on ponds in prairie Canada. Second, we used null models, which randomly allocated ducks to ponds, to test if observed SARs and patterns of species associations differed from those expected by chance. Consistent with the sampling effects hypothesis, observed SARs were accurately predicted by null models in three different years and for diving and dabbling duck guilds. This is the first demonstration that null models can predict SARs in waterbirds or any other aquatic organisms. Observed patterns of species association, however, were not well predicted by null models as in all years there was less observed segregation among species (i.e. more aggregation) than under the random expectation, suggesting that intraspecific competition could play a role in structuring duck communities. Taken together, our results indicate that when emergent properties of ecological communities such as the SAR appear to be caused by random processes, analyses of species associations can be critical in revealing the importance of niche-based processes (e.g. competition) in structuring ecological communities.
Survival estimates of wild and captive-bred released Puaiohi, an endangered Hawaiian thrush

ABSTRACT Estimating and monitoring adult and juvenile survival are vital to understanding population status, informing recovery planning for endangered species, and quantifying the success of management. We used mark–recapture models to estimate apparent annual survival of the Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri), an endangered thrush endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai, from 2005 to 2011. Our sample included 87 wild birds and 123 captive-bred birds that were released at various ages. Survival was higher for wild adult males (0.71 ± 0.09) than for wild adult females (0.46 ± 0.12). Survival of wild juveniles (0.23 ± 0.06) was lower than that of wild adults of both sexes, indicating that recruitment may limit population growth. Captive-bred birds released when <1 yr old had survival (0.26 ± 0.21) comparable with that of wild juveniles, but captive-bred birds released at 1–3 yr old had very low survival (0.05 ± 0.06). Only 8 of 123 (7%) captive birds were seen again after release. Two wild birds resighted five years after marking are the oldest known individuals, being at least six years of age. Malarial infection did not affect survival of wild Puaiohi, unlike many Hawaiian forest birds. The difference between adult male and adult female survival is consistent with rat (Rattus spp.) predation of females on the nest as a major source of mortality. As such, attempting to reduce nest predation by controlling rats may be the best available management option. Releasing captive-bred birds has had little effect on the wild population in recent years.
A Theory of Creepy: Technology, Privacy and Shifting Social Norms

The rapid evolution of digital technologies has hurled to the forefront of public and legal discourse dense social and ethical dilemmas that we have hardly begun to map and understand. In the near past, general community norms helped guide a clear sense of ethical boundaries with respect to privacy. One does not peek into the window of a house even if it is left open. One does not hire a private detective to investigate a casual date or the social life of a prospective employee. Yet with technological innovation rapidly driving new models for business and inviting new types of personal socialization, we often have nothing more than a fleeting intuition as to what is right or wrong. Our intuition may suggest that it is responsible to investigate the driving record of the nanny who drives our child to school, since such tools are now readily available. But is it also acceptable to seek out the records of other parents in our child’s car pool or of a date who picks us up by car? Alas, intuitions and perceptions of “creepiness” are highly subjective and difficult to generalize as social norms are being strained by new technologies and capabilities. And businesses that seek to create revenue opportunities by leveraging newly available data sources face huge challenges trying to operationalize such subjective notions into coherent business and policy strategies. This article presents a set of social and legal considerations to help individuals, engineers, businesses and policymakers navigate a world of new technologies and evolving social norms. These considerations revolve around concepts that we have explored in prior work, including enhanced transparency; accessibility to information in usable format; and the elusive principle of context.
NASA Task Load Index (TLX)

This booklet contains the materials necessary to collect subjective workload assessments with the NASA Task Load Index. This procedure for collecting workload ratings was developed by the Human Performance Group at NASA Ames Research Center during a three year research effort that involved more than 40 laboratory. simulation. and inflight experiments. Although the technique is still undergoing evaluation. this booklet is being distributed to allow other researchers to use it in their own experiments. Comments or suggestions about the procedure would be greatly appreciated. This package is intended to fill a "nuts and bolts" function of describing the procedure. A bibliography provides background information about previous empirical findings and the logic that supports the procedure.
An Integrated Exposure-Response Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient PM2.5 Exposure

Estimating the global burden of disease attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 requires cause-specific mortality relative risk (RR) functions which must apply over a global range of annual average concentrations from < 10 μg/m to >100 μg/m. Cohort studies of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality from chronic disease have not been conducted in the most polluted regions of the world, and there is little direct evidence to identify the shape of mortality RR functions at high ambient concentrations.
The Impact of Dividend Policy on the Relationship Between Institutional Ownership and Stock Price Volatility: Evidence from Pakistan

This study aims to determine the effects of dividend policy on the relationship between institutional ownership and stock price volatility, based on a sample of 36 firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange over a seven-year period (2005–11). We use a fixed-effects model applied to panel data to investigate this relationship and find that institutional ownership has a negative relation with stock price volatility and a positive relation with the dividend payout ratio. The results also show that dividend payouts significantly affect the relationship between institutional ownership and stock price volatility. The mediating role of dividend policy between institutional ownership and stock price volatility reveals that institutional investors prefer to invest in low-volatility dividend-paying stock.