Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Riemann's Hypothesis and Critical Line of Prime Numbers

The binary numeral system is applied to the proof of a hypothesis of Riemann to a number of prime numbers. On the ends of blocks of a step matrix of binary decomposition of prime numbers are located a reference point. Because of them there is a jump of a increment of a prime number. The critical line and formula for its description is shown, interpretation of mathematical constants of the equation is given. Increment of prime numbers appeared an evident indicator. Increment is a quantity of increase, addition something. If a number of prime numbers is called figuratively "Gauss-Riemann's ladder", increment can assimilate to the steps separated from the ladder. It is proved that the law on the critical line is observed at the second category of a binary numeral system. This model was steady and at other quantities of prime numbers. Uncommon zero settle down on the critical line, and trivial – to the left of it. There are also lines of reference points, primary increment and the line bending around at the left binary number. Comparison of ranks of different power is executed and proved that the critical line of Riemann is only on the second vertical of a number of prime numbers and a number of their increments.
Smart Homes Automation System Using Cloud Computing Based Enhancement Security

Smart home automation is one of the prominent topics of the current era, which has attracted the attention of researchers for several years due to smart home automation contributes to achieving many capabilities, which have had a real and vital impact on our daily lives, such as comfort, energy conservation, environment, and security. Home security is one of the most important of these capabilities. Many efforts have been made on research and articles that focus on this area due to the increased rate of crime and theft. The present paper aims to build a practically implemented smart home that enhances home control management and monitors all home entrances that are often vulnerable to intrusion by intruders and thieves. The proposed system depends on identifying the person using the face detection and recognition method and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as a mechanism to enhance the performance of home security systems. The cloud server analyzes the received member identification to retrieve the permission to enter the home. The system showed effectiveness and speed of response in transmitting live captures of any illegal intrusive activity at the door or windows of the house. With the growth and expansion of the concept of smart homes, the amount of information transmitted, information security weakness, and response time disturbances, to reduce latency, data storage, and maintain information security, by employing Fog computing architecture in smart homes as a broker between the IoT layer and the cloud servers and the user layer.
SAGITTARIUS B2 MAIN: A CLUSTER OF ULTRA-COMPACT H ii REGIONS AND MASSIVE PROTOSTELLAR CORES

The ionized core in the Sgr B2 Main star-forming region was imaged using the Submillimeter Array archival data observed for the H26α line and continuum emission at 0.86 mm with an angular resolution 0. ″3. Eight hyper-compact H26α emission sources were detected with a typical size in the range of 1.6–20 × 102 AU and electron density of 0.3–3 × 107 cm−3, corresponding to the emission measure 0.4–8.4 × 1010 cm−6 pc. The H26α line fluxes from the eight hyper-compact H ii sources imply that the ionization for each of the sources must be powered by a Lyman continuum flux from an O star or a cluster of B stars. The most luminous H26α source among the eight detected sources requires an O6 star that appears to be embedded in the ultra-compact H ii region F3. In addition, ∼23 compact continuum emission sources were also detected within the central 5″× 3″ (∼0.2 pc) region. Under the assumption of a power-law distribution for the dust temperature, with the observed brightness temperature of the dust emission we determined the physical properties of the submillimeter emission sources, showing that the molecular densities are in the range of 1–10 × 108 cm−3, surface densities between 13 and 150 g cm−2, and total gas masses in the range from 5 to ≳ 200 M☉, which are one or two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding values of the Bonnor–Ebert mass. With a mean free-fall timescale of 2 × 103 years, each of the massive protostellar cores is undergoing gravitational collapse to form new massive stars in the Sgr B2 Main core.
The Value of CT Perfusion Parameters and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence in the world. According to the latest statistics of the National Cancer Center, the incidence of liver cancer ranks fifth in malignant tumors and its mortality rate ranks second in China, which seriously threatens people' s life and health. Aim To investigate the value of CT perfusion parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods 43 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 40 patients with hepatic hemangioma treated in our hospital from August 2018 to August 2021 were selected for CT perfusion imaging and MRI examination. Results The liver blood flow (BF), liver blood volume (BV), and hepatic artery perfusion (HAP) in the hepatocellular carcinoma group were (267.38 ± 35.59) ml/(min·100 g), (30.20 ± 8.82) ml/100 g, and (0.64 ± 0.10) ml/(min·ml), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the hepatic hemangioma group (p < 0.05). The ADC value of hepatocellular carcinoma DWI sequence was (1.20 ± 0.17) ×10−3 mm2, which was significantly lower than that of hepatic hemangioma (p < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of BF, BV, HAP, and ADC values for hepatocellular carcinoma was 0.860, 0.754, 0.804, and 0.890, respectively. The area under ROC curve of the four groups was compared (p > 0.05). Conclusion CT perfusion parameters BF, BV, HAP, and DWI sequence ADC values have certain application value in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and there is no significant difference between the diagnostic value of each parameter.
Full characterization of Airy beams under physical principles

The propagation characteristics of Airy beams is investigated and fully described under the traveling-wave approach analogous to that used for nondiffracting Bessel beams. This is possible when noticing that Airy functions are, in fact, Bessel functions of fractional order $\frac{1}{3}$. We show how physical principles impose restrictions such that the nondiffracting Airy beams cannot be of infinite extent as has been argued and introduce quantitative expressions for the maximum transverse and longitudinal extent of Airy beams. We show that under the appropriate physical conditions it is possible to obtain higher-order Airy beams.
Direct evaporative cooling of 39 K atoms to Bose-Einstein condensation

We report the realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate of K-39 atoms without the aid of an additional atomic coolant. Our route to Bose-Einstein condensation comprises sub-Doppler laser cooling of large atomic clouds with more than 10(10) atoms and evaporative cooling in an optical dipole trap where the collisional cross section can be increased using magnetic Feshbach resonances. Large condensates with almost 10(6) atoms can be produced in less than 15 s. Our achievements eliminate the need for sympathetic cooling with Rb atoms, which was the usual route implemented until now due to the unfavorable collisional property of K-39. Our findings simplify the experimental setup for producing Bose-Einstein condensates of K-39 atoms with tunable interactions, which have a wide variety of promising applications, including atom interferometry to studies on the interplay of disorder and interactions in quantum gases.
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS ON A HEMISPHERE CYLINDER AT SUPERSONIC AND HYPERSONIC MACH NUMBERS

Abstract : Pressure distribution tests at supersonic and hypersonic speeds were conducted in the von Karman Gas Dynamics Facility (VKF), Arnold Center, Air Force Systems Command on AGARD Model E, a hemisphere cylinder configuration. Various experimental data concerning the aerodynamic characteristics of blunt nosed bodies are available; however, relatively few sources present findings over a wide arch number range. The present investigations, stimulated by the need for applicable experimental data to compare with the predictions of various theories, were conducted a Mach numbers 2 through 8 over a Reynolds number range from 0.17 x 10 to the 6th power to 0.51 x 10 to the 6th power per inch. A comparison is made of experimental results with available theoretical predictions of pressure distributions, pressure drag, shock wave shapes, and bow shock wave detachment distances.
Nutrition Telemonitoring for CKD-HD Patients: A Qualitative Study on Patients, Patients’ Families, Medical Teams, and Hospital Management

BACKGROUND: CKD-HD patients require a nutritional monitoring system to control the amount of protein, fluid, sodium, potassium, and phosphate intake to reduce readmission rates and to improve their life quality. The Nutrition Telemonitoring Application (NTA) has a potential to resolve this problem. AIM: Therefore, this study aims to prepare NTA design materials conditioned to the needs of patients, families, medical teams, and hospital management. METHODS: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted on 16 informants consisting of patients, families, medical teams, and hospital management teams. Furthermore, a purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants, and the thematic analysis of the audio recording was conducted. RESULTS: Three main themes and seven sub-themes were identified. First, all participants in support of NTA will be beneficial. Second, NTA implementation requires family, medical team, hospital management, and BPJS (Health Social Security Agency). Third, all participants demand an easy Indonesian language interface equipped with pictures of food portions, additional alarm features, exercise, food recipes, educational videos, and free of charge. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important insights considering the issues associated with the sustainability of NTA design and long-term benefits for CKD-HD patients.
A long-term VLBA monitoring campaign of the v = 1, J = 1 →0 SiO masers towards TX Cam – I. Morphology and shock waves

We present the latest and final version of the movie of the SiO masers toward the Mira variable TX Cam. The new version consists of 112 frames (78 successfully reduced epochs) with data covering almost three complete stellar cycles between 24 May 1997 to 25 January 2002, observed with the VLBA. In this paper we examine the global morphology, kinematics and variability of the masering zone. The morphology of the emission is confined in a structure that usually resembles a ring or an ellipse, with occasional deviations due to localised phenomena. The ring appears to be contracting and expanding, although for the first cycle contraction is not observed. The width and outer boundary of the masering zone follow the stellar pulsation. Our data seem to be consistent with a shock being created once per stellar cycle at maximum that propagates with a velocity of ~7 km/s. The difference in velocities along different axes strongly suggests that the outflow in TX Cam is bipolar. The contribution of projection is examined and our results are compared with the latest theoretical model.
IONOSPHERIC POWER-SPECTRUM TOMOGRAPHY IN RADIO INTERFEROMETRY

A tomographic method is described to quantify the three-dimensional power spectrum of the ionospheric electron-density fluctuations based on radio-interferometric observations by a two-dimensional planar array. The method is valid for the first-order Born approximation and might be applicable in correcting observed visibilities for phase variations due to the imprint of the full three-dimensional ionosphere. It is shown that the ionospheric electron-density distribution is not the primary structure to model in interferometry, but rather its autocorrelation function or equivalently its power spectrum. An exact mathematical expression is derived that provides the three-dimensional power spectrum of the ionospheric electron-density fluctuations directly from a rescaled scattered intensity field and an incident intensity field convolved with a complex unit phasor that depends on the w-term and is defined on the full sky pupil plane. In the limit of a small field of view, the method reduces to the single phase-screen approximation. Tomographic self-calibration can become important in high-dynamic range observations at low radio frequencies with wide-field antenna interferometers because a three-dimensional ionosphere causes a spatially varying convolution of the sky, whereas a single phase screen results in a spatially invariant convolution. A thick ionosphere can therefore not be approximated by a single phase screen without introducing errors in the calibration process. By applying a Radon projection and the Fourier projection-slice theorem, it is shown that the phase-screen approach in three dimensions is identical to the tomographic method. Finally, we suggest that residual speckle can cause a diffuse intensity halo around sources due to uncorrectable ionospheric phase fluctuations in the short integrations, which could pose a fundamental limit on the dynamic range in long-integration images.
Expected-Frequency Interpolation

Expected-frequency interpolation is a technique for improving the performance of deleted interpolation smoothing. It allows a system to make finer-grained estimates of how often one would expect to see a particular combination of events than is possible with traditional frequency interpolation. This allows the system to better weigh the emphasis given to the various probability distributions being mixed. We show that more traditional frequency interpolation, based solely on the frequency of conditioning events, can lead to some anomalous results. We then show that while the equations for expected-frequency interpolation are not exact, they are close, depending on how well some seemingly reasonable assumptions hold. We then present an experiment in which the introduction of expected-frequency interpolation to a statistical parsing system improved performance by . 4\ workings of the system. We also note that even before the change, the system in question was the top performer at its task, so a . 4\ improvement was well worth obtaining.
W Projection: A New Algorithm for Wide Field Imaging with Radio Synthesis Arrays

We present a novel interpretation of the non-coplanar baselines effect in synthesis radio telescopes as being due to differential Fresnel diffraction in the neighborhood of the array antennas, and a new algorithm to deal with this effect. Our new algorithm, which we call “w projection”, has markedly superior performance compared to existing algorithms. At roughly equivalent levels of accuracy, w-projection can be up to an order of magnitude faster than the corresponding facet-based algorithms. 1. Does W trouble you? The response of a narrow-band phase-tracking interferometer to spatially incoherent radiation from the far field can be expressed by the following relation between the spatial coherence, or ‘visibility’, V (u, v, w), and the spectral intensity, or brightness, I(l,m); V (u, v, w) = ∫ I(l,m) √ 1 − l2 −m2 e √ 1−l2−m2−1)]dldm (1) In this equation, the baseline coordinates, (u, v, w), and direction cosines, (l,m) have their usual definitions. (See for example, Thompson, Moran, & Swenson, 2001.) When the term 2πw( √ 1 − l2 −m2 − 1) is much less than unity, it may be ignored, and a two-dimensional Fourier relationship results. When this term is comparable to or exceeds unity, a two-dimensional Fourier transform cannot be used. The value of this term is roughly:
Long-Term Variation of Aerosol Optical Properties Associated with Aerosol Types Over East Asia Using Aeronet and Satellite (Viirs, Omi) Data

We analyzed annual and seasonal frequency in aerosol type over an 8-year period (2012 – 2019) to identify aerosol parameter trends over four ground sites and country regions in Korea, China, and Japan by using the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), and the satellite-based Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Decreasing trends are shown for aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ång-str ¨ om exponent (AE), and fine mode fraction (FMF) in all countries. The decreasing trend in these data is considered to be due to a decrease in anthropogenic emissions. For the aerosol type frequency, decreases in the proportions of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) and non-absorbing aerosols (NA) were shown in the ground and satellite data, respectively. At most sites, the fractions of low AOD case (LOW) increased, whereas those of the Black and Brown Carbon (BC + BrC) category decreased. In Seoul, the fraction of LOW increased from 48.9% to 70.0%, and that of BC + BrC decreased continuously from 20.4% to 11.1% during 2012 – 2019. Beijing, on the other hand, showed decreasing LOW from 83.3% (2012) to 52.0% (2019), and that of BC + BrC increased significantly, from 2.4% to 26.2%. The satellite data showed that the percentage of LOW increased continuously, while that of NA aerosols decreased continuously in East Asia. A noticeable decrease in the fraction of CA was detected in China [21.5% (2013) to 11.2% (2019)]. In all countries, CA and NA aerosols had the greatest effect in winter and summer, respectively. We also detected significant differences between the fractions of NA and BC between the ground and satellite data. Changes in aerosol type and properties were observed concurrently in all ground and satellite data, and changes in aerosol type may explain the increasing and decreasing trends that we recorded for most parameters. Consistent results from both ground and satellite data suggest a steady decreasing in fine aerosol pollution in East Asia
Tunneling spectroscopy of the superconducting state of URu2Si2

This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN and MEC (Consolider Ingenio Molecular Nanoscience CSD2007-00010 program, FIS2011-23488, ACI-2009-0905, and FPU grant), by the Comunidad de Madrid through program Nanobiomagnet, and by ERC (NewHeavyFermion) and French ANR projects (CORMAT, SINUS, DELICE)
Balance environmental obligations and socio-economic compulsion; the case of Kadamaian’s indigenous community proficiency needs

The community of Kadamaian is expected to have heightened sense of environmental and biodiversity awareness and an obligation towards protection and conservation since the community occupies an area adjacent to Sabah’s premier World Heritage Site i.e. Kinabalu Park. Of course, with support from the Sabah government, Kadamaian's community is compelled to exploit their natural surroundings as primary resources to better their socio-economic position to be at par with other communities elsewhere in Sabah. Will Kadamaian’s community be able to balance the obligation and the compulsion to exploit? An empirical study in a scientific expedition that was carried out in late 2019 at Kadamaian-Kota Belud answers this question. The unit of analysis in this study is the social relationship between Kadamaian’s community and its social artifacts. The documentation technique, direct observation technique and the interview technique were used to collect data, while data analysis was carried out according to the structuration theory using the triangulation method. The findings of this study showed the existence of three (3) interdependent social relationships that influenced Kadamaian’s community strive to balance environmental and socio-economic issues. While these relationships have somewhat contributed to the establishment of a non-governmental organization i.e. Kadamaian Biocultural Protocol Committee that focused on the environmental obligation of Kadamaian’s community, other small enterprising network focused on socio-economic compulsion. The implication of these relationships is discussed in the article.
Sur quelques algorithmes rcursifs pour les probabilits numriques

The aim of this paper is to take an in-depth look at the long time behaviour of some continuous time Markovian dynamical systems and at its numerical analysis. We first propose a short overview of the main ergodicity properties of time continuous homogeneous Markov processes (stability, positive recurrence). The basic tool is a Lyapunov function. Then, we investigate if these properties still hold for the time discretization of these processes, either with constant or decreasing step (ODE method in stochastic approximation, Euler scheme for diffusions). We point out several advantages of the weighted empirical random measures associated to these procedures, especially with decreasing step, in terms of convergence and of rate of convergence. Several simulations illustrate these results.
Tail Dependence of Factor Models

Using the framework of factor models, we establish the general expression of the coefficient of tail dependence between the market and a stock (i.e., the probability that the stock incurs a large loss, assuming that the market has also undergone a large loss) as a function of the parameters of the underlying factor model and of the tail parameters of the distributions of the factor and of the idiosyncratic noise of each stock. Our formula holds for arbitrary marginal distributions and in addition does not require any parameterization of the multivariate distributions of the market and stocks. The determination of the extreme parameter, which is not accessible by a direct statistical inference, is made possible by the measurement of parameters whose estimation involves a significant part of the data with sufficient statistics. Our empirical tests find a good agreement between the calibration of the tail dependence coefficient and the realized large losses over the period from 1962 to 2000. Nevertheless, a bias is detected which suggests the presence of an outlier in the form of the crash of October 1987.
Deep Learning Inspired Feature Engineering for Classifying Tremor Severity

Bio-signals pattern recognition systems can be impacted by several factors with a potential to limit their associated performance and clinical translation. Among these factors, selecting the optimum feature extraction method, that can effectively exploit the interaction between the temporal and spatial information, is the most prominent. Despite the potential of deep learning (DL) models for extracting temporal, spatial, or temporal-spatial information, they are typically restricted by their need for a large amount of training data. The deep wavelet scattering transform (WST) is a relatively recent advancement within the DL literature to replace expensive convolution neural networks models with computationally less demanding methods. However, while some studies have used WST to extract features from biological signals, it has not been investigated before for electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals feature extraction. To investigate the hypothesis of the usefulness of WST for processing EMG and EEG signals, this study used a tremor dataset collected by the authors from people with tremor disorders. Specifically, the proposed work achieved three goals: (a) study the performance of extracting features from low-density EMG signals (8 channels), using the WST approach, (b) study the effect of extracting the features from high-density EEG signals (33 channels), using WST and study its robustness against changing the spatial and temporal aspects of classification accuracy, and (c) classify tremor severity using the WST method and compare the results with other well-known feature extraction approaches. The classification error rates were significantly reduced (maximum of nearly 12%) compared with other feature sets.