Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumption of atmospheric methane by the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau alpine steppe ecosystem

Abstract. The methane (CH4) cycle on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), the world's largest high-elevation permafrost region, is sensitive to climate change and subsequent freezing and thawing dynamics. Yet, its magnitudes, patterns, and environmental controls are still poorly understood. Here, we report results from five continuous year-round CH4 observations from a typical alpine steppe ecosystem in the QTP permafrost region. Our results suggest that the QTP permafrost region was a CH4 sink of -0.86±0.23 g CH4-C m−2 yr−1 over 2012–2016, a rate higher than that of many other permafrost areas, such as the Arctic tundra in northern Greenland, Alaska, and western Siberia. Soil temperature and soil water content were dominant factors controlling CH4 fluxes; however, their correlations changed with soil depths due to freezing and thawing dynamics. This region was a net CH4 sink in autumn, but a net source in spring, despite both seasons experiencing similar top soil thawing and freezing dynamics. The opposite CH4 source–sink function in spring versus in autumn was likely caused by the respective seasons' specialized freezing and thawing processes, which modified the vertical distribution of soil layers that are highly mixed in autumn, but not in spring. Furthermore, the traditional definition of four seasons failed to capture the pattern of the annual CH4 cycle. We developed a new seasonal division method based on soil temperature, bacterial activity, and permafrost active layer thickness, which significantly improved the modeling of the annual CH4 cycle. Collectively, our findings highlight the critical role of fine-scale climate freezing and thawing dynamics in driving permafrost CH4 dynamics, which needs to be better monitored and modeled in Earth system models.
FACTORIAL INVARIANCE OF ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY IN TEAMWORK AND LEADERSHIP SCALE ON MEN AND WOMEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The present study analyses the psychometric properties of the Selfefficacy Scale in the Field of Teamwork and Leadership in men and women university students. The overall sample consisted of 2089 participants: 902 women and 1187 men, with a mean age of 18.53 years (SD= 1.52) and 18.99 years (SD= 1.80) respectively. Psychometric analysis showed that a twofactorial structure (Teamwork and Entrepreneurship) was viable and adequate for both populations (men and woman) according to the established psychometric requirements when the informers are the students themselves. In addition, the factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts are considered invariant in the two groups; however, there are differences between groups for the means of Teamwork factor.
The evolution of the global stellar mass function of star clusters: an analytic description

The evolution of the global stellar mass function of star clusters is studied based on a large set of N-body simulations of clusters with a range of initial masses, initial concentrations, in circular or elliptical orbits in different tidal environments. Models with and without initial mass segregation are included. The depletion of low-mass stars in initially Roche-volume (tidal) filling clusters starts typically on a time-scale of the order of the core collapse time. In clusters that are initially underfilling their Roche-volume it takes longer because the clusters have to expand to their tidal radii before dynamical mass-loss becomes important. We introduce the concept of the differential mass function (DMF), which describes the changes with respect to the initial mass function (IMF). We show that the evolution of the DMF can be described by a set of very simple analytic expressions that are valid for a wide range of initial cluster parameters and for different IMFs. The agreement between this description and the models is very good, except for initially Roche-volume underfilling clusters that are severely mass segregated.
The velocity distribution of barotropic turbulence

We study the statistical properties of the velocity and velocity gradient distributions in barotropic turbulence. At large enough Reynolds number, the velocity distribution becomes non-Gaussian outside the vortex cores, and its characteristics are completely determined by the properties of the far field induced by the coherent vortices. The velocity gradients are always non-Gaussian inside coherent vortices, due to the spatial velocity correlations associated with the ordered flow in the vortex cores, and become non-Gaussian also in the background turbulence at large enough Reynolds number.
The Effect of Firm Size on Gender Wage Discrimination in the Netherlands

Despite the introduction of several restrictive regulations in the past decades, evidence of gender wage discrimination is still commonly found in the Netherlands. This study aims to create a better understanding of this phenomenon by linking it with the firm size-wage effect, a commonly observed relationship between firm size and wages. An extensive Mincerian wage equation is estimated using a generalized linear model with Huber-White standard errors on yearly panel data. The results indicate the existence of a significant interaction effect between the FSWE and gender wage discrimination in the Netherlands
Land surface parameters retrieval using time series remotely sensed observations

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter for estimating growth status of crops. An important method for retrieving LAI from remotely sensed observations is by the canopy reflectance model inversion. But many model inversion methods didn't take into account the relationship between estimated LAIs in different crop growth stages. In this research, we consider the crop growth model which describe how LAI change with crop growth stages. The main method for this research is assimilating multiple crop's canopy reflectance observed in different growth stages into the cost function for LAI retrieval. Data assimilation algorithm we used in this study is the variation algorithm. The model inversion results have showed that time series observations of canopy reflectance can decrease uncertainty of estimated LAI in model inversion.
Prediction of Escherichia Coli K-12 Promoters Using Convolutional Neural Network

Promoters are significant cis-acting elements in genomes and play important roles in gene regulation. Each gene is regulated by a specific type of promoter, so determining the type of promoter for regulation of a gene is crucial to explore the gene function. Although some computational methods to predict promoters have been proposed, their performances are not satisfying. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a powerful model in deep learning, it has been applied in bioinformatics in recent years. To improve the performance of promoter prediction, in this study, six types of Escherichia coli K-12 promoter DNA sequences were collected from the RegulonDB database, and constructed a CNN model to predict promoters using the Keras platform. The CNN model is composed of two convolutional layers, three dropout layers, four batch normalization layers and one hidden layer. To evaluate the performances of the CNN model, the 10-fold cross-validation and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve plotting were performed. The results show, the accuracies of predictions for promoters sigma 24, sigma 28, sigma 32, sigma 38, sigma 54 and sigma 70 are 94%, 97%, 95%, 95%, 97% and 83%, respectively. The convolutional neural network model achieves the highest accuracy in promoter prediction up to now. In conclusion, CNN is the best model in promoter prediction, and it will be a promising model both in DNA and protein sequence analysis.
Quest for Dark Matter with Cosmic Gamma-ray Observations

The dark matter is now widely accepted as a major ingredient of the Universe and considered to constitute 6 times as much as the ordinary matter. However, the nature of the dark matter remains one of the biggest mysteries in the Universe. Since there is no plausible theory for the dark matter at this moment, we have variety of dark matter candidates, posing significant experimental challenges for detection and measurement of their properties. Among the dark matter candidates, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are the leading candidate since the scale of expected mass and cross section well matches the new physics expected in the weak scale such as supersymmetry and extra dimension. Gamma-ray observations aim at detecting gamma rays produced by WIMP annihilations or decays, and would provide direct constraints on the annihilation cross section which can be compared with the value expected from the thermal relic hypothesis. Current gamma-ray experiments exclude the WIMP mass below 20 GeV/c2 and future observations will be sensitive up to >10 TeV/c2 which covers a majority of the parameter space expected from new physics.
H14-257 LES VALIDATION OF FLOW IN A DENSELY BUILT ENVIRONMENT

In a systematic study wind-tunnel measurements and predictions from large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flow in the inner city of Hamburg, Germany, are compared. The reference laboratory measurements of velocity fields are carried out in a neutrally stratified boundary-layer wind tunnel within an urban model on a scale of 1:350. Numerical results are obtained from simulations with the implicit LES code FAST3D-CT. The numerical model is developed and operated by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and is based on a monotone integrated large-eddy simulation (MILES) methodology. The focus of the validation exercise is the comparison of time-series information and the characterization of turbulent flow structures within and above the urban canopy. On the basis of densely spaced measurements in vertical profiles and horizontal flow layers the developments of the turbulent boundary-layer within the city as well as typical street-canyon flow scenarios provide the framework for this analysis. Particular challenges with respect to the validation of time-resolved simulations in contrast to standard approaches are discussed with an emphasis on specific demands in the case of urban flow fields.
Magnetic reconnection in the Jovian tail:X-line evolution and consequent plasma sheet structures

Magnetic reconnection in planetary magnetospheres plays important roles in energy and mass transfer in the steady state, and also possibly in transient large-scale disturbances. In this paper we report observations of a reconnection event in the Jovian magnetotail by the Galileo spacecraft on 17 June 1997. In addition to the tailward retreat of a main X-line, signatures of recurrent X-line formations are found by close examination of energetic particle anisotropies. Furthermore, detailed analyses of multi-instrumental data for this period provide various spatiotemporal features in the plasma sheet. A significant density decrease was detected in the central plasma sheet, indicative of the transition to lobe (open field line) reconnection from plasma sheet (closed field line) reconnection. When Galileo vertically swept through the plasma sheet, a velocity layer structure was observed. We also analyze a strong southward magnetic field which is similar to dipolarization fronts observed in the terrestrial magnetotail: the ion flow (∼450 km s−1) was observed behind the magnetic front, whose thickness of 10000–20000 km was of the order of ion inertial length. The electron anisotropy in this period suggests an anomalously high-speed electron jet, implying ion-electron decoupling behind the magnetic front. Particle energization was also seen associated with these structures. These observations suggest that X-line evolution and consequent plasma sheet structures are similar to those in the terrestrial magnetosphere, whereas their generality in the Jovian magnetosphere and influence on the magnetospheric/ionospheric dynamics including transient auroral events need to be further investigated with more events.
Genetic structure of the ornamental tetra fish species Piabucus melanostomus Holmberg, 1891 (CHARACIDAE, IGUANODECTINAE) in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences

The subfamily Iguanodectinae comprises a group of small Neotropical fishes composed by two genera and 11 nominal species widely distributed in the Atlantic drainages of South America. Piabucus is the only genus of Iguanodectinae found in the Paraguay River basin, especially in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State, where it is represented by Piabucus melanostomus. Given the wide distribution and the low dispersion capacity of this species, due the ecological constraints, it is possible that many interesting genetic features could be found in different populations. In this way, the aim of his work was to perform the phylogeographic pattern of P. melanostomus populations using mitochondrial DNA sequences. A total of 13 individuals from three rivers belonging the Mato Grosso wetland were sampled. The ATP sintetase (subunits 6 and 8) gene was completely sequenced, the mean of nucleotide base composition in the sequences was 31.2% (T), 30.2% (C), 26.9% (A) and 11.9% (G), with no gene saturation. The population analysis in the TCS program generated a network with six haplotypes (A to F), where the ancestral haplotype (A) has a frequency of 25% and is composed by individuals from Cuiaba and Paraguay Rivers. The phylogenetic analysis showed the occurrence of two mtDNA lineages (1 and 2), the distance observed between the two lineages was 0.6%. The phylogenetic and phylogeographic results as well as the negative values of Fst for some populations, indicate a possible occurrence of gene flow among the analyzed populations. These results highlights the importance of flood pulse existent on wetland as a vehicle that permits a temporary connection among isolated population maintaining the species genetic variability.
Transferability and use of microsatellite markers for the genetic analysis of the germplasm of some Arachis section species of the genus Arachis

The Arachis section is the most important of the nine sections of the genus Arachis because it includes the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. The genetic improvement of A. hypogaea using wild relatives is at an early stage of development in spite of their potential as sources of genes, including those for disease and pests resistance, that are not found in the A. hypogaea primary gene pool. Section Arachis species germplasm has been collected and maintained in gene banks and its use and effective conservation depends on our knowledge of the genetic variability contained in this material. Microsatellites are routinely used for the analysis of genetic variability because they are highly polymorphic and codominant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transferability of microsatellite primers and the assay of genetic variability between and within the germplasm of some species of the Arachis section. Fourteen microsatellite loci developed for three different species of Arachis were analyzed and 11 (78%) were found to be polymorphic. All loci had transferability to all the species analyzed. The polymorphic loci were very informative, with expected heterozygosity per locus ranging from 0.70 to 0.94. In general, the germplasm analyzed showed wide genetic variation.
The Impact Of Misdiagnosing A Structural Break On Standard Unit Root Tests: Monte Carlo Results For Small Sample Size And Power

Abstract As discussed by Perron (1989), a common problem when testing for unit roots is the presence of a structural break that has not been accounted for in the testing procedure. In such cases, unit root tests are biased to non-rejection of the null hypothesis of non- stationarity. These results have been discussed using asymptotic theory and large samples in papers by Leybourne and Newbold (2000), Montanes and Reyes (1998) and Lee, Huang, and Shin (1997). In this paper we investigate the impact of ignoring structural breaks on sample sizes of more interest to empirical economists and show the results on power and size for both tests of the null of non- stationarity (ADF and Phillips-Perron) and the null of stationarity (KPSS). We are also able to give some guidelines on break placement which can cause the rapid flipping of rejection probabilities as discussed in Leybourne and Newbold (2000). Finally, we provide examples from time series data in South Africa to show the danger of misdiagnosis and the resulting misspecifications that can occur.
Physical Activity and Aging: Implications for Health and Quality of Life in Older Persons

This publication summarizes what is known about the influence of regular physical activity on the health and quality of life of older individuals, addressing both the acute effects of a single bout of physical activity and the more persistent, long-term effects of sustained participation in exercise and physical activity. Section 1 discusses the physiological benefits of regular physical activity, focusing on cardiovascular function, blood pressure, blood lipids, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance. Section 2 discusses the psychological benefits of physical activity, noting information in a related table that discusses immediate and long-term effects. Section 3 focuses on general psychological well-being, including depression and anxiety, and cognitive functioning. Section 4 discusses the social implications of regular physical activity, referring to a related table that discusses immediate and long-term effects. Section 5 examines who should be physically active. Section 6 focuses on physical activity programs for older adults, discussing the activity mode, training frequency, duration of exercise, and intensity of exercise. The paper concludes that participation in regular physical activity is associated with tangible benefits for almost all older adults. It examines the considerable speculation about why so many seniors choose not to be active and notes the need for additional efforts in this regard. (SM) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.
Modelling of Fracture Toughness in Steel Laminates with a Finite Element Method

The fracture toughness of laminates in which both phases are ductile is modeled with finite element analyses in terms of JIC. The models employed were an exact analogue of compact tension test pieces loaded longitudinally at pinholes, transverse to the crack plane. This study focused on the verification of the model in monolithic samples, the simplest form of which was 2-dimensional (plane strain), and the most elaborate version of which was a 3-D layered structure. Adaptation of the model to laminates showed that it is possible to predict delamination if the individual layers are glued together with a certain interfacial strength. The fracture toughness of laminates, JIC, is predicted with and without delamination with the use of a fracture criterion based on a critical value of load line displacement. This critical value derived from the experiment, and the fracture toughness of steel laminates with layer properties of low-C and medium-C steels are predicted successfully for 2 volume fractions. It is further found that the fracture criterion, which was based on a critical value of LLD, can well be based on a critical value of plastic zone size. This has the advantage that the critical value of plastic zone size and hence the J integral can be predicted with FEM analysis.
Competition and Post-Transplant Outcomes in Cadaveric Liver Transplantation under the MELD Scoring System

Previous researchers have modelled the decision to accept a donor organ for transplantation as a Markov decision problem, the solution to which is often a control-limit optimal policy: accept any organ whose match quality exceeds some health-dependent threshold; otherwise, wait for another. When competing transplant centers vie for the same organs, the decision rule changes relative to no competition; the relative size of competing centers affects the decision rules as well. Using center-specific graft and patient survival-rate data for cadaveric adult livers in the United States, we have found empirical evidence supporting these predictions.
Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial‐exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites

Interpretation of graywacke provenance has long been used to evaluate the record of tectonic process in orogenic belts. Our geochemical data from graywackes of the Franciscan subduction complex, California, show that the connection between sedimentary record and geologic processes may be more complex than previously believed. Trace elements and Nd‐Sr‐Pb isotopes of Franciscan graywackes indicate two sources types. One group lacking negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* > 0.9), shows slightly concave‐up heavy rare earth elements, arc‐like trace element patterns, and western Pacific island arc‐like Pb isotopes, reflecting derivation from older accreted oceanic‐arc terranes in the Sierra Nevada‐Klamath Mountains. The other group displays small negative Eu anomalies, with trace element patterns resembling post‐Archean Australian shale and Pb isotopes similar to Jurassic‐Cretaceous Sierran batholith. There is no systematic separation of these two groups by depositional ages. Thus, geochemistry of the graywackes may partly reflect variation in location of sediment delivery systems, rather than solely reflecting evolution of the neighboring arc. Variation of Nd‐Sr isotopes with stratigraphic‐age for the graywackes mimics the trends of the coeval Great Valley Group clastic‐rocks, suggesting that (1) they share the same sediment sources, (2) there are no “exotic” sediment sources that fed the Franciscan trench, and (3) burial‐exposure cycles for Franciscan clastic rocks were comparatively brief. Comparison of Franciscan graywacke and metabasite geochemistry corroborates earlier conclusions that metabasites had little or no chemical exchange with fluids from cosubducted graywacke. Detrital zircon age populations, major element chemistry, and detrital framework modes, when compared to our data suggest that the former three parameters underrepresent the mafic component of clastic sediment provenance.