Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Behavioral Pattern Detection in Closed-Loop Robotic Systems for Zero-Day Deceptive Threats

In recent years, attacks against cyber-physical systems have become increasingly frequent and widespread. The inventiveness of such attacks increases significantly. In particular, zero-day attacks are widely used. The rapid development of the industrial Internet of things, the expansion of the application areas of service robots, the advent of the Internet of vehicles and the Internet of military things have led to a significant increase of attention to deceptive attacks. Especially great threat is posed by deceptive attacks that do not use hiding malicious components. Such attacks can naturally be used against robotic systems. In this paper, we consider an approach to the development of an intrusion detection system for closed-loop robotic systems. The system is based on an abnormal behavioral pattern detection technique. The system can be used for detection of zero-day deceptive attacks. We provide an experimental comparison of our approach and other behaviorbased intrusion detection systems.
Carbon dioxide excretion in fishes

The pattern and control of carbon dioxide excretion in fish is reviewed with particular emphasis on the site(s) of bicarbonate dehydration, the involvement of diffusive and convective processes, and the relationship with ionic and acid–base regulation. The principal route for carbon dioxide excretion in fish involves the catalysed dehydration of plasma bicarbonate within erythrocytes to form physically dissolved CO2 and the subsequent diffusion of physically dissolved CO2 across the gill epithelium. It is likely that bicarbonate entry into the erythrocyte in exchange for intracellular chloride, rather than branchial CO2 diffusion or blood/water convection, is the rate-limiting process in carbon dioxide excretion, although a change in any one of these factors will affect overall CO2 elimination. Additionally, a relatively minor amount of CO2 is hydrated within gill epithelial cells to form H+ and HCO3− ions that are exchanged for Cl− ions and Na+ ions, respectively. Evidence is presented indicating that br.
A simple colorimetric method for the determination of sugars in fruit and vegetables.

A rapid, manual colorimetric method for determining glucose, fructose and sucrose in fruit and vegetables is described. The method is based on the determination of reducing sugars before and after invertase digestion using p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide (PAHBAH). Total fructose (fructose plus fructose in sucrose) is determined using 2-thiobarbituric acid and the component sugars calculated. Addition of sugars to fruit extracts gave good recoveries (97.4–101.8%) for glucose, fructose and sucrose.
Matching Maps of Physical and Virtual Radio Transmitters Using Visibility Regions

Channel-SLAM is a multipath assisted positioning algorithm that treats multipath components as line-of-sight (LoS) signals from virtual transmitters. It maps the physical and virtual transmitters' locations simultaneously with estimating the user position with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Since Channel-SLAM is a relative localization system, the coordinate systems of transmitter maps from different users are subject to an unknown relative rotation and translation. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to estimate this rotation and translation, which we call map matching. Map matching is a requirement for collaborative Channel-SLAM, where users share transmitter maps to improve their positioning performance. Our idea is to augment maps of transmitter locations in Channel-SLAM with knowledge on from which locations there is a LoS condition to a transmitter in order to increase the robustness of map matching. We evaluate our algorithm by simulations in an indoor scenario.
Brachycyphon Fairmaire, 1896, A Neglected Genus of Afrotropical Scirtidae (Coleoptera)

Abstract. Brachycyphon anthracinus Fairmaire, the type species of Brachycyphon Fairmaire is redescribed, its lectotype is designated. The genus Brachycyphon Fairmaire is compared with other Cyphon-like scirtid genera, a differential diagnosis and an identification key is provided. The following afrotropical taxa are transferred to Brachycyphon: Cyphon alberti Pic, Cyphon alexandri Pic, Cyphon atriceps Pic, Cyphon atricolor Pic, Cyphon atrofasciatus Pic, Cyphon atrovittatus Pic, Cyphon aymerichi Pic, Cyphon aymerichi tananarivanus Pic, Cyphon fairmairei Pic, Cyphon fasciatosinuatus Pic, Cyphon fuscopictus Fairmaire, Cyphon gerardi Pic, Cyphon gerardi basilewskyi Pic, Cyphon gerardi insuturalifer Pic, Cyphon grandenotatus Pic, Cyphon humerosus Fairmaire, Cyphon jeanneli Pic, Cyphon jeanneli innotaticollis Pic, Cyphon kijabensis Pic, Cyphon luteosignatus Pic, Cyphon oblongulus Fairmaire, Cyphon ovatulus Fairmaire, Cyphon plurisignatum Pic, Cyphon uviranus Pic, Cyphon villiersi Pic, Cyphon villiersi insignatus Pic, Elodes clemenceaui Pic, Elodes lloydi Pic, Elodes petaini Pic, Scirtes lippensi Pic, Scirtes seminiger Pic. Cyphon mimodiversicolor rutovuensis Pic and Cyphon mimodiversicolor semimarginatum Pic are elevated to species level and transferred to Brachycyphon. Brachycyphon afrosuturalis nom. nov. is proposed for Cyphon suturalis Pic, 1952 (nec Cyphon suturalis Tournier, 1868). Cyphon leoni Klausnitzer, 1974 is a new objective synonym of Cyphon fairmairei Pic, 1913. A catalogue of Brachycyphon is included.
Comment

Fan, J., and Niu, Y. (2007), “Selection and Validation of Normalization Methods for c-DNA Microarrays Using Within-Array Replications,” Bioinformatics, 23, 2391–2398. Fleiss, J. L. (1986), The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments, New York: Wiley. Garrett-Mayer, E. , Parmigiani, G. , Zhong, X. , Cope, L. , and Gabrielson, E. (2008), “Cross-Study Validation and Combined Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data,” Biostatistics, 9, 333–354. He, W. , Bull, S. B. , Colby, S. , and Andrulis, I. L. (2007), “Informative Gene Screening in cDNA Microarray Data Analysis Using Reliability Coefficients,” technical report, University of Western Ontario, Dept. of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences. He, W. , Bull, S. B. , Gokgoz, N. , Andrulis, I. L. , and Wunder, J. S. (2006), “Applications of Reliability Coefficients in cDNA Microarray Data Analysis,” Statistics in Medicine, 25, 1051–1066. Pellis, L. , Franssen-van Hal, N. L. W. , Burema, J., and Keijer, J. (2003), “The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient Applied for Evaluation of Data Correction, Labeling Methods, and Rectal Biopsy Sampling in DNA Microarray Experiments,” Physiological Genomics, 16, 99–106. Simon, R. M. , Korn, E. L. , McShane, L. M. , Radmacher, M. D. , Wright, G. W. , and Zhao, Y. (2003), Design and Analysis of DNA Microarray Investigations, New York: Springer.
Responses of Low-Quality Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activities to Application of a Mixed Material of Humic Acid, Biochar, and Super Absorbent Polymer

Low-quality soil for land reuse is a crucial problem in vegetation quality and especially to waste disposal sites in mining areas. It is necessary to find suitable materials to improve the soil quality and especially to increase soil microbial diversity and activity. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a mixed material of humic acid, super absorbent polymer and biochar on low-quality soil indexes and the microbial community response. The indexes included soil physicochemical properties and the corresponding plant growth. The results showed that the mixed material could improve chemical properties and physical structure of soil by increasing the bulk density, porosity, macro aggregate, and promote the mineralization of nutrient elements in soil. The best performance was achieved by adding 3 g·kg-1 super absorbent polymer, 3 g·kg-1 humic acid, and 10 g·kg-1 biochar to soil with plant total nitrogen, dry weight and height increased by 85.18%, 266.41% and 74.06%, respectively. Physicochemical properties caused changes in soil microbial diversity. Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria were significantly positively correlated with most of the physical, chemical and plant indicators. Actinobacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with most measurement factors. Therefore, this study can contribute to improving the understanding of low-quality soil and how it affects soil microbial functions and sustainability.
Experimental, thermodynamic and molecular modelling evaluation of amorphous simvastatin-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solid dispersions.

A crucial step for the selection of proper amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) matrix-carriers is the in-depth assessment of drug/polymer physicochemical properties. In this context, the present study extents the work of previously published attempts by evaluating the formation of simvastatin (SIM) - poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) ASDs with the aid of thermodynamic and molecular modelling. Specifically, the implementation of both Flory-Huggins lattice theory and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was able to predict the miscibility between the two components (a finding that was experimentally verified via DSC and hot stage polarized microscopy), while a complete temperature-concentration phase-transition profile was constructed leading to the identification of the thermodynamically metastable and unstable ASD zones. Furthermore, as in the case of previous published reports, analysis of the ASDs via FTIR spectroscopy did not clarify the type and extent of observed molecular interactions. Hence, in the present study a computer-based MD simulation model was developed for the first time, in order to gain an insight into the properties of the observed interactions. MD amorphous assemblies of SIM, PVP and their mixtures were initially developed and the calculated glass transition temperatures were in close agreement with experimentally obtained results, indicating that the developed models could be considered as realistic representations of the actual systems. Furthermore, molecular interactions evaluation via radial distribution function and radius of gyration analysis revealed that increasing SIM content results in a significant PVP chain shrinkage, which eventually leads to SIM-SIM amorphous intermolecular interactions, leading to the formation of amorphous drug zones. Finally, MD-based results were experimentally verified via DSC.
Multiple Adenosine 3',5'- Monophosphate Response Element DNA-Binding Proteins Generated by Gene Diversification and Alternative Exon Splicing

The protein sequence deduced from the open reading frame of a human placental cDNA encoding a cAMP-responsive enhancer (CRE)-binding protein (CREB-327) has structural features characteristic of several other transcriptional transactivator proteins including jun, fos, C/EBP, myc, and CRE-BP1. Results of Southwestern analysis of nuclear extracts from several different cell lines show that there are multiple CRE-binding proteins, which vary in size in cell lines derived from different tissues and animal species. To examine the molecular diversity of CREB-327 and related proteins at the nucleic acid level, we used labeled cDNAs from human placenta that encode two different CRE-binding proteins (CREB-327 and CRE-BP1) to probe Northern and Southern blots. Both probes hybridized to multiple fragments on Southern blots of genomic DNA from various species. Alternatively, when a human placental c-jun probe was hybridized to the same blot, a single fragment was detected in most cases, consistent with the intronless .
The diversity and importance of fungi associated with marine sponges

Abstract A few recent investigations have established that marine-derived fungi associated with sponges are an excellent source of novel bioactive metabolites with the potential to function as drugs or drug leads. Given the high species diversity and wide distribution of sponges, it is reasonable to expect that they harbour marine-derived fungi with the ability to produce diverse secondary metabolites. For a more complete realisation of their technological potential, a thorough knowledge of the different taxa of marine-derived fungi associated with sponges is essential. There is scarce information on the interplay between sponges and associated marine-derived fungi and between the marine-derived fungi and other sponge endosymbionts. Unravelling such interactions could be useful in recreating the sponge microcosm conditions in vitro for harvesting novel fungal metabolites. This is essential as many genes of fungal secondary metabolism are inactive in axenic cultures. This review addresses these issues by focusing on the isolation, identification, nature of association, secondary metabolites and potential interactions of marine-derived fungi of sponges and presents some future prospects regarding the bioprospecting of these fungi.
ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES IN THE TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM OF CANINE URINARY BLADDER

The acid phosphatase activities in the transitional epithelium of the dog urinary bladder were examined ultracytochemically using a modified technique of Gomori with β-glycerophosphate as the substrate. The reaction products were localized on the plasma membrane in addition to the lysosomes and Golgi complexes. This enzyme activity was sensitive for tartrate, sodium fluoride, and heat treatment and insensitive for alloxan, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and magnesium chloride. No prominent difference between lysosomal and extra-lysosomal acid phosphatase activities was observed. Since the possible participation of alkaline phosphatase was ruled out by use of the appropriate inhibitors, the enzyme reactions on the plasma membrane may be interpreted as reflecting the lysosomal acid phosphatase.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize

Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn in maize (Zea mays L.) is an important disease in China as well as South and Southeast Asia. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to this disease would facilitate the development of disease resistant maize hybrids. A mapping population consisting of 229 F 2 individuals derived from the cross of inbreds R15 (resistant) and 478 (susceptible) was used in this study. A genetic linkage map was constructed containing 146 single sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which covered 1666 cM of the maize genome, with an average distance of 11.4 cM. All F 2-4 population individual plants were artificially inoculated by anastomosis groups AG1-IA of R. solani at two locations for disease evaluations. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified 11 QTL for resistance to BLSB located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10, but only four QTL located on chromosomes 2, 6, and 10, were identified across both locations. The range of phenotypic variation explained by the QTL was 3.72 to 10.35%. The information gained from mapping resistance can be used in a marker-assisted selection (MAS) program for the development of BLSB resistant germplasm.
Integrating Results

initely would seem to fill a niche in both the statistics and the SAS literature. The book treats logistic regression as the next topic in the regression methodology, so one is expected to have learned regression analysis already. Consistent with the author’s social-science background, he begins with models for dichotomous responses. The logit model is treated as the solution to the problems one would encounter with using linear regression for binary response data. Both PROC LOGISTIC and PROC GENMOD are introduced. PROC REG is cleverly included, though, as a diagnostic for collinearity. The excellent binary data diagnostics in PROC LOGISTIC and PROC GENMOD are covered extensively. The probit model is also considered. Having used three chapters to cover regression with dichotomous responses, the author moves on to the use of logistic regression to analyze binary responses in contingency tables; 2 x 2 tables, three-way tables, four-way tables, and tables with ordinal independent variables are all analyzed with PROC GENMOD. Next comes the multinomial version of logit analysis, first with three categories, then with a generalization to more categories. PROC CATMOD provides the computational resources. This material also is extended to contingency tables. The second half of the book moves on to more advanced situations. My most commonly recurring situation, ordered categorical data, begins this part. In addition to a cumulative logit model, a couple of other models, adjacent categories and continuation ratios, are discussed. The first is done by PROC LOGISTIC and also extends to contingency tables. PROC CATMOD and PROC GENMOD, respectively, cover the other two. The next topic is discrete-choice models and analysis by conditional logit models using PROC PHREG. Ranked discrete-choice data are also considered. The topic of clustered data, especially longitudinal data, comes next. PROC GENMOD, PROC PHREG, and the GLIMMIX macro are all used with conditional logit models and generalized estimating equations. The GLIMMIX macro also provides the computing power for a presentation on using mixed logit models. The book concludes with chapters on Poisson regression and loglinear analysis of contingency tables, the latter put forth for situations in which it offers advantages versus logit analysis. All these situations can be dealt with using PROC GENMOD. The book does not try to duplicate that of Stokes, Davis, and Koch (1995), yet another of my favorites (see Ziegel 1996b). Macros for robust estimates and for tests for coefficients in PROC LOGISTIC or PROC PHREG are included, as well as all the datasets. Users of other software and other books are probably tired of my hype for these inexpensive books that integrate applied statistics and SAS procedures. This is another great applied-statistics and SAS-application guidebook, which should be essential to the library of anyone who uses SAS.
Soil-based ecosystem services: a synthesis of nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration assessment methods

Among the soil-based ecosystem services (ES), nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration have direct influence on the biogeochemical cycles and greenhouse gas emissions affecting provision of other ES that support human existence. We reviewed methods to assess the two key ES by identifying their strengths and weaknesses and have made suggestions for using appropriate methods for better understanding of the ecosystem functions for the provision of ES. Relevant papers for the review were chosen on the basis of (i) diversity of studies on the two key ES in different ecosystems, (ii) methodologies applied and (iii) detailed descriptions of the trial locations in terms of vegetation, soil type, location and climatic information. We concluded that (i) elemental stoichiometrical ratios could be a potential approach to assess the health of ecosystems in terms of provision of the two ES discussed, (ii) stoichiometric imbalances need to be avoided between the supply and the demand of the nutrients to maintain the ES provision in terrestrial ecosystems and (iii) stoichiometric ratios can act as a management tool at a field, farm and at landscape level, to complement other compositional biodiversity and functional diversity approaches to ensure sustainable provision of ES.
Brief Reviews of Teaching Materials

Mithat Gönen’s new book describes statistical methods involving receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their implementation in SAS. In this brief volume, Dr. Gönen gives a comprehensive treatment of the basic ideas and methodology of ROC curves. Theoretical aspects of the subject are neglected in favor of practical matters. The book requires no familiarity with ROC curves, medical diagnostics, or the assessment of predictive accuracy, but instead introduces these topics from an elementary level. Very little statistical sophistication is required of the reader, although the more advanced methods that Dr. Gönen covers do involve such topics as probit regression, nonlinear mixed models, generalized estimating equations, and the Cox regression model, so some familiarity with these techniques is helpful. After introducing basic ideas briefly in Chapters 1 and 2, ROC curves for a single continuous predictor are discussed in Chapter 3. Covariate adjustment and comparison of multiple ROC curves in paired designs is the focus of Chapter 4, while ROC curves for ordinal predictors are discussed in Chapter 5. Having discussed the binormal model for ROC curves in earlier chapters, the author then introduces an alternative family of ROC curves in Chapter 6 which he terms the Lehmann family. His description of methods for Lehmann ROC curves and their implementation using Cox regression is based on as yet unpublished work (Gönen and Heller 2007). ROC methods for censored data are discussed in Chapter 7, while Chapters 8 and 9 discuss the use of ROC curves to assess the predictive accuracy of multivariable models such as logistic multiple regression models (Chap. 8) and more modern models available in SAS Enterprise Miner such as decision trees and neural networks (Chap. 9). Throughout the text, Dr. Gönen illustrates the methods with examples drawn not only from the medical diagnostic field where ROC curves are most well known, but also from fields such as weather forecasting and credit scoring. Of course, implementation of the methods in SAS is central to the book, and SAS code and output is presented and available on the publisher’s website. A wide variety of SAS procedures are used to implement the methods, but the author also makes available several macros to perform computations not possible with standard PROCs. The book is well-written and easy to follow, and being unfamiliar with ROC methods, I learned much from it. For SAS users who have an interest in statistical methods related to ROC curves and their implementation, this is a handy and useful book which seems well worth its modest price.
Comment

Thomas, M. , Pang, B. , and Lee, L. (2006), “Get Out the Vote: Determining Support or Opposition From Congressional Floor-Debate Transcripts,” in Proceedings of Emperical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 327–335. [757] Tibshirani, R. (1996), “Regression Shrinkage and Selection via the Lasso,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 58, 267–288. [760] West, M. (2003), “Bayesian Factor Regression Models in the ‘Large p, Small n’ Paradigm,” in Bayesian Statistics (Vol. 7); J. M. Bernardo, M. J. Bayarri, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid, D. Heckerman, A. F. M. Smith, and M. West (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 733–742. [758] Wold, H. (1975), “Soft Modeling by Latent Variables: The Nonlinear Iterative Partial Least Squares Approach,” in Perspectives in Probability and Statistics: Papers in Honour of M.S. Bartlett, J. Gani (ed.), London: Academic Press, 117–144. [757] Yu, B. , Kaufmann, S. , and Diermeirer, D. (2008), “Classifying Party Affiliation From Political Speech,” Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 5, 33–49. [757] Zeger, S. L. , Liang, K. -Y. , and Self, S. G. (1985), “The Analysis of Binary Longitudinal Data With Time-Independent Covariates,” Biometrika, 72, 31– 38. [759]
Effect of Content Choice Freedom on Drawer's Creative Engagement

This study investigated differences in student responses to drawing tasks varying in content choice freedom (CCF). Participants consisted of 28 (3 males and 25 females) post-Baccalaureate education students attending a Midwestern university. Significant differences were found in reported engagement t(27) = -5.18, p < . 0005, reported efficacy t(27) = -4.28, p < . 0005, and unconscious engagement t(27) = -8.14, p < . 0005. Internal validity was supported by this triangulated study through analysis of data resulting from questionnaires developed to measure reported engagement and efficacy, unconscious engagement hypothesized from resulting drawings, and six random interviews. As CCF increased, the origin of the image seemed to become increasingly internal and the subjects' judgmental attitude toward their resulting drawings decreased.