Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REGULATION OF METAMORPHOSIS-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE LIPID METABOLISM OF SELECTED VERTEBRATES

SYNOPSIS. The life histories of many vertebrates include complex, postembryonic developmental pathways that involve morphological and physiological changes that adapt juveniles to a new habitat. A survey of such developmental pathways, including lamprey metamorphosis, salmonid smoltification, and anuran metamorphosis, reveals a common strategy of lipid metabolism consisting of two distinct phases. The first phase is characterized by lipid accumulation in storage sites and resultsfrom lipogenesis prevailing over lipolysis. The second phase is characterized by lipid depletion from storage sites and results from lipolysis prevailing over lipogenesis. Regulation of lipid deposition and lipid mobilization is essential for ensuring availability of lipid during times of need. Lipogenesis is promoted by insulin and, in lamprey and anurans, also by thyroid hormones. Lipolysis is promoted by a number of hormones, including prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosteroids, somatostatins, and thyroid hormones. The coordinate regulation of development-associated changes in lipid metabolism results from interactions among hormones and other internal and environmental cues.
Phytotelm size in relation to parental care and mating strategies in two species of Peruvian poison frogs

Summary Factors contributing to the evolution of reproductive strategies have been of great interest to evolutionary biologists. In tropical amphibians predation and competition have been suggested to play a major role. Poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae display a trend towards the use of very small pools and increased parental care, particularly in the genus Dendrobates. Some species with female parental care, asymmetrical biparental care and biparental care, have evolved novel behaviors in association with the use very small phytotelmata. It has been hypothesized that selection pressure imposed by predation and competition favored the use of small phytotelmata, and this, in turn, produced selection for trophic egg provisioning to ameliorate the lack of available nutrients. To elucidate the ecological factors associated with the transition from uniparental male care to biparental care and associated changes in social behaviors, we evaluated key behavioral and ecological differences between Dendrobates imitator and D. variabilis. Dendrobates imitator used significantly smaller phytotelmata in different plant species than D. variabilis for tadpole and embryo deposition. The parental strategy of D. variabilis was limited to male parental care, whereas D. imitator exhibited biparental care. Males and females of D. variabilis were observed to have a promiscuous mating system with little mate fidelity. This contrasted with D. imitator, where paired males and females were observed interacting daily and were never observed courting additional mates. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a key ecological difference between these species, involving the size of pools typically used for reproduction, is strongly associated with the evolution of biparental care and monogamy in D. imitator.
Habitat Characteristics Associated with American Woodcock (Scolopax minor Gmelin) Nests in Central Kentucky

Abstract Fifteen American woodcock (Scolopax minor) nests were located in central Kentucky between February 1998 and April 1999. Twelve habitat variables were measured within a 0.04 ha circular plot centered at each nest site and at randomly located no-nest (control) sites. Mean angular canopy cover at the nest, and mean number of shrubs and trees in the 2.5–15.2 cm DBH range within the nest plot were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) from control sites. The habitat variables of note associated with woodcock nest sites in Kentucky mirror the general trend reported elsewhere, i.e., the importance of mid-story and horizontal plant cover.
All-optical dynamic tuning of local excitonic emission of monolayer MoS2 by integration with Ge2Sb2Te5

Abstract Strong quantum confinement and coulomb interactions induce tightly bound quasiparticles such as excitons and trions in an atomically thin layer of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which play a dominant role in determining their intriguing optoelectronic properties. Thus, controlling the excitonic properties is essential for the applications of TMD-based devices. Here, we demonstrate the all-optical tuning of the local excitonic emission from a monolayer MoS2 hybridized with phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin film. By applying pulsed laser with different power on the MoS2/GST heterostructure, the peak energies of the excitonic emission of MoS2 can be tuned up to 40 meV, and the exciton/trion intensity ratio can be tuned by at least one order of magnitude. Raman spectra and transient pump-probe measurements show that the tunability originated from the laser-induced phase change of the GST thin film with charge transferring from GST to the monolayer MoS2. The dynamic tuning of the excitonic emission was all done with localized laser pulses and could be scaled readily, which pave a new way of controlling the excitonic emission in TMDs. Our findings could be potentially used as all-optical modulators or switches in future optical networks.
A path analysis study of factors influencing decubitus in a geriatric nursing home: a preliminary study

Background. 33.3% of the elderly who stayed and were treated at a geriatric nursing home in Dewanata, Cilacap, Indonesia, experienced decubitus. Nutritional status, length of bed rest, inappropriate use of mattresses, immobilization, and skin moisture due to frequent incontinence are considered to be a factor influencing the high incidence of decubitus in this area. Objectives. The study aims to analyze the effect of nutritional status and bed rest on pressure, humidity, and friction and its effect on decubitus. Material and methods. This case-control study involved 30 respondents who experienced decubitus as a case group and 30 respondents as a control group with no decubitus. Nutritional status, bed rest, pressure, humidity, and friction were observed and measured one by one through standard instruments. Data were analyzed by path analysis. Furthermore, the results were selected as a model to obtain an overview of the correlation between variables. Results. There was a direct effect of nutritional status (pzX1: -0.347) and duration of bed rest (pzX2: 0.347) toward decubitus incidents, and there was an indirect effect of nutritional status and bed rest on decubitus incidents by pressure factor (pY1z: 0.327), humidity (pY2z: 0.264) and friction (pY3z: 0.230). Conclusions. Nutritional status and bed rest have an effect on pressure, humidity, and friction, which increases the incidence of decubitus in older people who stay in a geriatric nursing home.
Fact-checking as risk communication: the multi-layered risk of misinformation in times of COVID-19

Abstract The emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus has led to more than a pandemic—indeed, COVID-19 is spawning myriad other concerns as it rapidly marches around the globe. One of these concerns is a surge of misinformation, which we argue should be viewed as a risk in its own right, and to which insights from decades of risk communication research must be applied. Further, when the subject of misinformation is itself a risk, as in the case of COVID-19, we argue for the utility of viewing the problem as a multi-layered risk communication problem. In such circumstances, misinformation functions as a meta-risk that interacts with and complicates publics’ perceptions of the original risk. Therefore, as the COVID-19 “misinfodemic” intensifies, risk communication research should inform the efforts of key risk communicators. To this end, we discuss the implications of risk research for efforts to fact-check COVID-19 misinformation and offer practical recommendations.
Intercalibration of Mg Isotope Delta Scales and Realisation of SI Traceability for Mg Isotope Amount Ratios and Isotope Delta Values

The continuous improvement of analytical procedures using multi‐collector technologies in ICP‐mass spectrometry has led to an increased demand for isotope standards with improved homogeneity and reduced measurement uncertainty. For magnesium, this has led to a variety of available standards with different quality levels ranging from artefact standards to isotope reference materials certified for absolute isotope ratios. This required an intercalibration of all standards and reference materials, which we present in this interlaboratory comparison study. The materials Cambridge1, DSM3, ERM‐AE143, ERM‐AE144, ERM‐AE145, IRMM‐009 and NIST SRM 980 were cross‐calibrated with expanded measurement uncertainties (95% confidence level) of less than 0.030‰ for the δ25/24Mg values and less than 0.037‰ for the δ26/24Mg values. Thus, comparability of all magnesium isotope delta (δ) measurements based on these standards and reference materials is established. Further, ERM‐AE143 anchors all magnesium δ‐scales to absolute isotope ratios and therefore establishes SI traceability, here traceability to the SI base unit mole. This applies especially to the DSM3 scale, which is proposed to be maintained. With ERM‐AE144 and ERM‐AE145, which are product and educt of a sublimation–condensation process, for the first time a set of isotope reference materials is available with a published value for the apparent triple isotope fractionation exponent θapp, the fractionation relationship ln α(25/24Mg)/ln α(26/24Mg).
A Bayesian In-Play Prediction Model for Association Football Outcomes

Point process models have made a significant contribution to the prediction of football association outcomes. It is conventionally the case that defence and attack capabilities have been assumed to be constant during a match and estimated against the average performance of all other teams in history. Drawing upon a Bayesian method, this paper proposes a dynamic strength model which relaxes assumption of the constant teams’ strengths and permits applying in-match performance information to calibrate them. An empirical study demonstrates that although the Bayesian model fails to achieve improvement in goal difference prediction, it registers clear achievements with regard to the prediction of the total number of goals and Win/Draw/Loss outcome prediction. When the Bayesian model bets against the SBOBet bookmaker, one of the most popular gaming companies among Asian handicaps fans, whose odds data were obtained from both the Win/Draw/Loss market and over–under market, it may obtain positive returns; this clearly contrasts with the process model with constant strengths, which fails to win money from the bookmaker.
Diferentes substratos e recipientes na formação de mudas de mamoeiro 'sunrise solo'

In order to evaluate the viability of different substrate and recipients at the production of " Sunrise soil papaya" seedlings, on experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the orchard of the Lavras Federal University-UFLA. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a 2 factors arrangement (4x3), with four replicates per treatment and five plants per plot, totalizing 240 plants. The substrates used were: Plantimaxâ; substrate A (cattle mature, soil, vegetable coal and sand, at the proportion of 2:1:1:1 v/v); substrate B ( earthworm, soil, vegetable coal and sand, at the proportion of 1:1:1:1v/v) and substrate C (Plantimaxâ, vegetable coal, soil and sand at the proportion of 1:1:1:1 v/v). The recipients used were: tubes with 50 ml of volume, polystyrene trays with 70 ml of volume per compartment and plastic bags with 750 ml of volume. The seedlings height, the number of leaves and the fresh and dry matter of the roots and aerial part were evaluated. The results showed that the plastic bags and the substrate A presented the best responses for all the characteristics evaluated and the substrate C and the tubes presented unfavorable results to the seedlings development and to the low mineral composition and the low substrate retention capacity, respectively.
Optimization of Abnormal Point Cloud Recognition in Robot Vision Grinding System Based on Multidimensional Improved Eigenvalue Method (MIEM)

To improve the accurate and sufficient recognition of abnormal points on the workpiece, a multidimensional anomaly point identification approach based on an improved eigenvalue method is proposed in this paper. Whether a point is normal or not depends on the angle between the two adjacent vectors which consisted of four adjacent points around the current focus. The comprehensive judgment is carried out by multidimensional approximation. The numerical simulation and actual experiment validate the efficiency of the proposed method to quickly and accurately identify the abnormal point cloud in the surface point cloud data.
Development of Machine Vision System for Pen Parts Identification under Various Illumination Conditions in an Industry 4.0 Environment

The fourth Industrial Revolution, well-known as “Industry 4.0”, based on the integration of information and communication technologies, has introduced significant improvements in manufacturing. However, vision systems still experience various impracticalities in dealing with the effect of complex lighting on the systems platform. Therefore, a machine vision system for automatic identification of pen parts under varying lighting conditions at a digital learning factory is proposed. The developed vision system presents a straightforward approach by effectively minimizing the environmental lighting effect on the identification process. First, the obtained information of the designed vision framework is exported to a program, where a reduction of non-uniform illumination is achieved through the implementation of Retinex image enhancement techniques. Then, the color-based Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm, including improved mark watershed segmentation, is employed for pen parts object classification. Finally, the position features of the selected pen part are reported. The process applied to a total number of 210 upper pen parts (caps) and 241 lower pen parts (tubes) images under different lighting scenarios. Results indicate that average parts identification precision for cap and tube parts is different and equals to 98.64% and 95.26%, respectively. The present methodology provides a promising scheme that can be feasibly adapted for other industrial Color-based object recognition applications.
Nocturnal foraging of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) on offshore reefs of Florida, USA

During night dives along randomly selected transects across sand, seagrass, and rubble on the reef flat of Looe Key, a spur-and-groove coral reef, spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) from dens on the forereef were observed foraging on the reef flat, particularly on the extensive rubble ridge and also relatively frequently in Thalassia. Subsequent sampling of the rubble revealed hundreds of taxa of appropriate prey items, many at high densities; the density of Cerithium litteratum, a favoured food item, was as high as 180 individuals m-2. Arthropods, especially spider crabs (Pitho spp.), were common in seagrass. Gut contents of 75 intermoult lobsters caught on offshore reefs at Biscayne National Park and Dry Tortugas National Park included a myriad of prey items, predominantly molluscs—especially gastropods (49%), chitons (15%), and bivalves (11%)—and arthropods (12%); many of the species in lobster guts were rubble dwellers, but some guts contained multiple prey peculiar to seagrass and sand. It is concluded that Panulirus argus can forage successfully wherever suitable prey items, especially molluscs, are abundant. However, where a wide range of substrata, including rubble, is available, rubble is preferred because of its abundant, accessible prey.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations in southern Brazil

Abstract The occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) was assessed during 4 seasons (1 yr) in 10 plantations of Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus spp. in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Forty-nine presumed EMF taxa representing 9 orders and 12 Families were identified, including epigeous and sequestrate species. Many are first reports for South America, and 3 are new species, Chondrogaster augustisporus, Descomyces giachinii, and Scleroderma bougheri. Fruiting patterns of EMF differed by host, and host specificity was apparent for some. Laccaria and Scleroderma were the prevalent genera throughout the year in both plantation types. The results of the study show that species richness of EMF in Brazil is higher than previously demonstrated.
Architect and craftsperson: project perceptions, relationships and craft

PurposeArchitects and craftspeople work together on complicated built heritage projects as part of a diverse multidisciplinary team. Effective interactions and collaborations between them can lead to a more successful project outcome; however, differing perceptions of each other can cause professional relationship tensions, communicative barriers and disharmony.Design/methodology/approachThrough the analysis of online surveys completed by architects and craftspeople, this study examines the contemporary relationship between the two groups, including the architect's perceptions of the function of traditional building craft within their day-to-day role.FindingsFindings suggest that whilst both groups agree that the craftsperson is an essential specialist on a built heritage scheme, there are contradictory perceptions with regard to the architect's role. Despite these differences, the results suggest that architects are open to accommodating more exposure to craftspeople and traditional building craft within their day-to-day role – believing they would learn more about building materials, make better practical decisions and understand craftspeople better. More importantly, this study proposes that a focus on craft would break down communicative and perceptual barriers, in turn improving relationships and project outcomes.Originality/valueThe study strongly suggests that traditional building craft can form an essential, tangible bond between architects and craftspeople by increasing focus on relationships and learning. The insights offered are relevant not only to those in the fields of architecture and traditional building craft but also to those involved in heritage management, as well as other professional roles, who may benefit from the use of craft as a method to repair professional relationships, as well as historic buildings.
Stress and Atopic Eczema

Most dermatologists acknowledge that stress can have an influence on the progress of atopic eczema (AE). So far we have only very few experimental studies definitely proving this relationship coherence. Psychosocial stress especially is known as a negative influencing factor [1]. Therefore, our study investigates the connection between psychosocial stress and immunological parameters in patients with AE. AE patients as well as healthy controls were asked to participate in a standardized stress experiment and to give samples of blood and saliva during the experiment. Apart from other parameters brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured in the samples, to determine the influence of stress on these parameters. The comparison of NGF values of patients with bronchial asthma and atopy with normal controls shows that 42 of 49 atopic patients displayed elevated NGF values [2]. Besides, NGF and BDNF were elevated after provocation with allergens in bronchial lavage fluid [3]. Aloe et al. [4] studied serum values of NGF in male rats in a stress experiment. As a stressor, fights with other males were used. The higher the stress was (number of fights), the higher the NGF values went up. In studies with humans, parallel findings were determined in soldiers before and after their first parachute jump. NGF values were increased by 84% in the evening before the jump and augmented by 107% after the landing. In soldiers, who did not participate in parachute jumping, the parameters remained constant [5]. Botchkarev et al. [6] showed in an experiment with transgene mice that NGF and BDNF and other neurotrophins have an influence on keratinocytes and the proliferation rate of these cells. He gave them the name ‘epitheliotrophines’ and showed that BDNF is present in nerve fibers in the skin.
Hypolimnetic assimilation of ammonium by the nuisance alga Gonyostomum semen

Gonyostomum semen is a bloom-forming freshwater raphidophyte that is currently on the increase, which concerns water managers and ecologists alike. Much indicates that the recent success of G. semen is linked to its diel vertical migration (DVM), which helps to overcome the spatial separation of optimal light conditions for photosynthesis at the surface of a lake and the high concentration of phosphate in the hypolimnion. I here present data from a field study conducted in Lake Lundebyvannet (Norway) in 2017–2019 that are consistent with the idea that the DVM of G. semen also allows for a hypolimnetic uptake of ammonium. As expected, microbial mineralization of organic matter in a low-oxygen environment led to an accumulation of ammonium in the hypolimnion as long as G. semen was absent. In contrast, a decreasing or constantly lower concentration of hypolimnetic ammonium was found in presence of a migrating G. semen population. In summer of 2019, a short break in the DVM of G. semen coincided with a rapid accumulation of hypolimnetic ammonium, which was equally rapidly decimated when G. semen resumed its DVM. Taken together, these data support the idea that G. semen can exploit the hypolimnetic pool of ammonium, which may be one reason for the recent success of the species and its significant impact on the structure of the aquatic food web.
Nano-Ridge Engineering of GaSb for the Integration of InAs/GaSb Heterostructures on 300 mm (001) Si

Nano-ridge engineering (NRE) is a novel heteroepitaxial approach for the monolithic integration of lattice-mismatched III-V devices on Si substrates. It has been successfully applied to GaAs for the realization of nano-ridge (NR) laser diodes and heterojunction bipolar transistors on 300 mm Si wafers. In this report we extend NRE to GaSb for the integration of narrow bandgap heterostructures on Si. GaSb is deposited by selective area growth in narrow oxide trenches fabricated on 300 mm Si substrates to reduce the defect density by aspect ratio trapping. The GaSb growth is continued and the NR shape on top of the oxide pattern is manipulated via NRE to achieve a broad (001) NR surface. The impact of different seed layers (GaAs and InAs) on the threading dislocation and planar defect densities in the GaSb NRs is investigated as a function of trench width by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), which provides significantly better defect statistics in comparison to TEM only. An InAs/GaSb multi-layer heterostructure is added on top of an optimized NR structure. The high crystal quality and low defect density emphasize the potential of this monolithic integration approach for infrared optoelectronic devices on 300 mm Si substrates.