Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring Temporal Logic Properties from Data using Boosted Decision Trees

Many autonomous systems, such as robots and self-driving cars, involve real-time decision making in complex environments, and require prediction of future outcomes from limited data. Moreover, their decisions are increasingly required to be interpretable to humans for safe and trustworthy co-existence. This paper is a first step towards interpretable learning-based robot control. We introduce a novel learning problem, called incremental formula and predictor learning, to generate binary classifiers with temporal logic structure from time-series data. The classifiers are represented as pairs of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulae and predictors for their satisfaction. The incremental property provides prediction of labels for prefix signals that are revealed over time. We propose a boosted decision-tree algorithm that leverages weak, but computationally inexpensive, learners to increase prediction and runtime performance. The effectiveness and classification accuracy of our algorithms are evaluated on autonomous-driving and naval surveillance case studies.
Multi-robot task allocation for safe planning against stochastic hazard dynamics

We address multi-robot safe mission planning in uncertain dynamic environments. This problem arises in safety-critical exploration, surveillance, and emergency rescue missions. The multi-robot optimal control problem is challenging because of the dynamic uncertainties and the exponentially increasing problem size with the number of robots. Leveraging recent works obtaining a tractable safety maximizing plan for a single robot, we propose a scalable two-stage framework. Specifically, the problem is split into a low-level single-agent problem and a high-level task allocation problem. The low-level problem uses an efficient approximation of stochastic reachability for a Markov decision process to derive the optimal control policy under dynamic uncertainty. The task allocation is solved using forward and reverse greedy heuristics and in a distributed auction-based manner. Properties of our safety objective enable provable performance bounds on the safety of the approximate solutions of the two heuristics.
Offline Runtime Verification of Safety Requirements using CSP

Dynamic formal veriﬁcation is a key tool for providing ongoing conﬁdence that a system is meeting its requirements while in use, especially when paired with static formal veriﬁcation before the system is in use. This paper presents a workﬂow and Runtime Veriﬁcation (RV) toolchain, Varanus , and their application to an industrial case study. Using the workﬂow we manually derive a Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) model from natural-language safety requirements documents, which Varanus uses as the monitor oracle. This reuse of the model means that the monitor oracle does not have to be developed separately, risking inconsistencies between it and the model for static veriﬁcation. The approach is demonstrated by the oﬄine RV of a teleoperated manipulation system, called MASCOT, which enables remote operations inside the Joint European Torus (JET) fusion reactor. We describe our model of the MASCOT safety design documents (including how the modelling process revealed an underspeciﬁcation in the design) and evaluate the Varanus toolchain’s utility. The workﬂow and tool provide validation of the safety documents, traceability of the safety properties from the documentation to the system, and a veriﬁed oracle for RV.
Consistent regression when oblivious outliers overwhelm

We consider a robust linear regression model y = Xβ∗ + η, where an adversary oblivious to the design X ∈ Rn×d may choose η to corrupt all but an α fraction of the observations y in an arbitrary way. Prior to our work, even for Gaussian X , no estimator for β∗ was known to be consistent in this model except for quadratic sample size n & (d/α)2 or for logarithmic inlier fraction α ≥ 1/log n. We show that consistent estimation is possible with nearly linear sample size and inverse-polynomial inlier fraction. Concretely, we show that the Huber loss estimator is consistent for every sample size n = ω(d/α2) and achieves an error rate of O(d/α2n)1/2 (both bounds are optimal up to constant factors). Our results extend to designs far beyond the Gaussian case and only require the column span of X to not contain approximately sparse vectors (similar to the kind of assumption commonly made about the kernel space for compressed sensing). We provide two technically similar proofs. One proof is phrased in terms of strong convexity, extending work of (Tsakonas et al., 2014), and particularly short. The other proof highlights a connection between the Huber loss estimator and high-dimensional median computations. In the special case of Gaussian designs, this connection leads us to a strikingly simple algorithm based on computing coordinate-wise medians that achieves nearly optimal guarantees in linear time, and that can exploit sparsity of β∗. The model studied here also captures heavy-tailed noise distributions that may not even have a first moment. *Equal contribution 1Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. Correspondence to: Tommaso d’Orsi <tommaso.dorsi@inf.ethz. ch>, Gleb Novikov <gleb.novikov@inf.ethz. ch>, David Steurer <david.steurer@inf.ethz. ch>. Proceedings of the 38 th International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 139, 2021. Copyright 2021 by the author(s).
The Study on Ultraviolet Spectra Finger Print of Roots and Branches from Amorpha Fruticosa L.

Amorpha fruticosa L.is known for its abundant resources in nature and widely applied in medicine and agronomy. But there are a great variety adulterants look like it and it is difficult to be identified them.In this paper,the UV finger print was used for distinguishing Amorpha fruticosa L.and other adulterants.Common peaks and characteristic peaks of 19 roots,19 branches from Amor- pha fruticosa L.and two adulterants were examined by UV spectrometry.The results showed that there were two common peaks in UV finger print of roots and branches from Amorpha fi'uticosa L.respectively,and the ratios of peak value were 1.537:1 and 1524:1 respec- tively.
Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allyl(propargyl)boration Reaction of ortho-Alkynyl Benzaldehydes: Synthetic Applications and Factors Governing the Enantioselectivity

Chiral Bronsted acid-catalyzed allyl(propargyl)boration of ortho-alkynyl benzaldehydes gives rise to ω-alkynyl homoallylic(homopropargylic)alcohols that can be further transformed to complex molecular scaffolds via subsequent hydroalkoxylation, ring-closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM), or intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR). Optimizations of each two-step transformation is reported. A strong dependence between enantioselectivities and the nature of the substitution at the alkynyl moiety is observed, showcasing that the triple bond is not merely a spectator in this transformation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p)–IEFPCM//B3LYP/6-31G(d)) show that this dependence is the result of the steric and electronic properties of the alkyne substituent.
miR-183-5p Is a Potential Molecular Marker of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective To investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identify the valuable miRNA biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring SLE. Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to assess miRNA amounts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four SLE cases and four healthy controls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out for validating candidate miRNAs in 32 SLE cases and 32 healthy controls. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was completed to evaluate diagnostic performance. Finally, the associations of candidate miRNAs with various characteristics of SLE were analyzed. Results A total of 157 miRNAs were upregulated, and 110 miRNAs were downregulated in PBMCs from SLE cases in comparison to healthy controls, of which the increase of miR-183-5p and decrease of miR-374b-3p were validated by qPCR and both showed good diagnostic performance for SLE diagnosis. Besides, miR-183-5p expression levels displayed a positive association with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and anti-dsDNA antibody amounts. Conclusion Our data indicated that miR-183-5p is a promising biomarker of SLE.
Dynamics of serum α-fetoprotein in viral hepatitis C without hepatocellular carcinoma

Viral hepatitis C represents a significant liver pathology worldwide, with a detrimental impact on national health systems. The present study aimed to correlate the levels of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) with prognostic tools such as Fibroscan®, the presence of mixed cryoglobulinemia, and various demographic and standard biochemical markers, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, unrelated to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A clinical study was designed considering three study groups: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) group including 35 patients with chronic hepatitis C and detectible viral load; sustained viral response (SVR) group including 20 HCV patients without detectable virus load 12 weeks after therapy cessation; a control group represented by 37 healthy volunteers. It was observed that serum AFP was moderately increased in the HCV and SVR groups and was positively correlated with aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The incidence of mixed cryoglobulinemia was increased in the HCV group, and the degree of fibrosis assessed by Fibroscan® was increased in both the HCV and SVR groups. In conclusion, the data revealed that a moderate increase in AFP levels could be present in patients with HCV even in the absence of HCC, unrelated to viral load or therapy response and that there was a linear positive correlation between serum levels of AFP and the degree of hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis. Additionally, mixed cryoglobulinemia was present in HCV patients with patent viral load, decreasing in those with SVR after therapy cessation unrelated to any renal impairment, while the degree of fibrosis was increased in HCV-infected patients, with no reversibility 12 weeks after successful therapy.
Successful diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis-related malignant catatonia using propofol and quetiapine

Abstract Introduction: Malignant catatonia (MC) is a movement disorder syndrome characterized by immobility, rigidity, and consciousness disorders that develops in association with mental and physical diseases. It is often fatal due to hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury. Its clinical symptoms are similar to those of another disorder, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and it is often difficult to distinguish between the 2 disorders. Patient concerns: An Asian woman in her 60s with history of schizophrenia. She was admitted to our hospital because of symptoms such as fever, unconsciousness, and muscle rigidity. Blood tests showed kidney injury and high creatinine kinase levels. Diagnoses: At the time of admission, she had been diagnosed with NMS complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis and was undergoing treatment although there was no improvement. Interventions: Subsequently, the administration of propofol, a gamma-aminobutyric acid A agonist, markedly improved the symptoms, and the diagnosis was corrected to MC. At the beginning of her hospitalization, she received dantrolene, bromocriptine, amantadine, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine as treatment for NMS, but her symptoms did not improve. With propofol, which is used for sedation, her catatonic symptoms improved markedly. Quetiapine administration further improved the symptoms, and it eventually resolved completely. Outcomes: The patient's MC was in remission. Prolonged intensive care management resulted in a decline in activities of daily living, and she required rehabilitation at another hospital. Conclusion: This is the first report of MC with suspected involvement of pulmonary aspergillosis. MC differs from NMS, in that it is treated more effectively with gamma-aminobutyric acid A agonists. Although benzodiazepines are the first choice for the diagnosis and treatment of MC, they are ineffective for majority of patients with schizophrenia. However, even in such cases, propofol and quetiapine are effective, and they facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
A Multicenter Evaluation of Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

IMPORTANCE: In-hospital cardiac arrest survival among coronavirus disease 2019 patients has been reported to range from 0% to 12%. These numbers are significantly lower than reported prepandemic in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates of approximately 20–25% in the United States for non–coronavirus disease 2019 patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest survival of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 subsequently found to have in-hospital cardiac arrest and underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). SETTING: Multiple hospitals of the Cleveland Clinic Health System. PATIENTS: All adult patients (age ≥ 18 yr) admitted to Cleveland Clinic Health System with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From March 01, 2020 to October 15, 2020, 3,555 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were hospitalized; 1,372 were admitted to the ICU; 58 patients had in-hospital cardiac arrest. Median age of this cohort was 66.5 years (interquartile range, 55.0–76.0 yr). Patients were predominantly male (62.5%), White (53.4%), with a median body mass index of 29.7 (interquartile range, 25.8–34.6). Most in-hospital cardiac arrests were in critical care environments (ICU), 51 of 58 (87.9%); seven of 58 (12.1%) were on ward locations. Thirty-four of 58 patients (58.6%) were on mechanical ventilation prior to in-hospital cardiac arrest with a median duration of mechanical ventilation of 9 days (interquartile range, 2–18 d). Twenty-four of 58 patients (44%) were on vasopressors prior to arrest. Initial arrest rhythm was pulseless electrical activity at (63.8%), asystole (29.3%), and pulseless ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (6.9%). Of the 58 patients, 35 (60.3%) attained return of spontaneous circulation, and 13 of 58 (22.4%) were discharged alive. CONCLUSIONS: We report a 22% survival to discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, a survival rate similar to before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Medication Administration Error Reporting and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Public Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Medication administration error is one of the most common errors that occur when a discrepancy occurs between the drugs received by the patient and the drug intended by the prescriber. A lot of studies were conducted on medication administration error. But there were a few studies on whether those medication administration errors are reported or not among nurses in Ethiopia. So this study is aimed at assessing the magnitude of medication administration error reporting and the associated factors among nurses. Objectives To assess the magnitude of reported medication administration error and associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March to April 2019. Simple random sampling technique was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and descriptive analysis, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21 software. Results The magnitude of medication administration error reporting was found to be 37.9%. Being female [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.91; confidence interval (CI) (1.45–5.85)]; belief that errors should not be reported [AOR = . 3; CI (.15–.61)]; having work experience of greater than 15 years [AOR = 3.4; CI (1.11–13.85)]; having bachelor science degree [AOR = 3.27; CI (1.61–6.66)]; and caring for greater than 10 patients [(AOR = .4; CI (.16–.96)] were factors associated with nurses medication administration error reporting. Conclusion The magnitude of medication administration error reporting among nurses was found to be low. To increase medication administration error reporting, efforts should be made to change the attitude of nurses on the belief that errors should be reported, retaining staffs that have longer experience, upgrading staffs educational status, and limiting the number of patients cared by a single nurse.
Abnormal Expression and Prognostic Significance of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Receptors in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies. The crucial role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/BMP receptors reveals the significance of exploring BMP protein-related prognostic predictors in LUAD. Methods The mRNA expression of BMPs/BMP receptors was investigated in LUAD and normal lung tissues. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed, and the prognostic values were assessed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were executed to ascertain the correlation between overall survival (OS) and the mRNA expression of BMPs/BMP receptors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were implemented to evaluate the predictive power of the prognostic model. Then, the prognostic model was validated in the GEO cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram comprising the prognostic model was established. Results The mRNA expression of BMP2/5/6/R2, ACVRL1, and TGFBR2/3 was lower in LUAD tissues than in normal lung tissues. High expression of BMP2/4/5/R1A/R2, ACVR1/2A/L1, and TGFBR1/3 was associated with better OS, while BMP7 and ACVR1C/2B were associated with poorer OS. Three genes (BMP5, BMP7, and ACVR2A) were screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to develop the prognostic model in TCGA. Significantly better survival was observed in LUAD patients with a low-risk score than those with a high-risk score. The ROC curves confirmed the good performance of the prognostic model, then, the prognostic model was validated in the GSE31210 dataset. A nomogram was constructed (AUCs>0.7). And hub genes were further evaluated, including gene set enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration. Conclusions BMP5, BMP7, and ACVR2A are potential therapeutic targets in LUAD. The three-gene prognostic model and the nomogram are reliable tools for predicting the OS of LUAD patients.
Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles

Abstract Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast‐growing scientific field. In the last decade urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) were shown to mirror molecular processes as well as physiological and pathological conditions in kidney, urothelial and prostate tissue. Therefore, several methods to isolate and characterize uEVs have been developed. However, methodological aspects of EV separation and analysis, including normalization of results, need further optimization and standardization to foster scientific advances in uEV research and a subsequent successful translation into clinical practice. This position paper is written by the Urine Task Force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of ISEV consisting of nephrologists, urologists, cardiologists and biologists with active experience in uEV research. Our aim is to present the state of the art and identify challenges and gaps in current uEV‐based analyses for clinical applications. Finally, recommendations for improved rigor, reproducibility and interoperability in uEV research are provided in order to facilitate advances in the field.
The Downregulation of ADAM17 Exerts Protective Effects against Cardiac Fibrosis by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitophagy

Background A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is a transmembrane protein that is widely expressed in various tissues; it mediates the shedding of many membrane-bound molecules, involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We investigated the role of ADAM17 within mouse cardiac fibroblasts (mCFs) in heart fibrosis. Methods mCFs were isolated from the hearts of neonatal mice. Effects of ADAM17 on the differentiation of mCFs towards myofibroblasts and their fibrotic behaviors following induction with TGF-β1 were examined. The expression levels of fibrotic proteins, such as collagen I and α-SMA, were assessed by qRT-PCR analysis and western blotting. Cell proliferation and migration were measured using the CCK-8 and wound healing assay. To identify the target gene for ADAM17, the protein levels of the components of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the PINK1/Parkin pathway were assessed following ADAM17 silencing. The effects of ADAM17 silencing or treatment with thapsigargin, a key stimulator of acute ER stress, on mCFs proliferation, migration, and collagen secretion were also examined. In vivo, we used a mouse model of cardiac fibrosis established by left anterior descending artery ligation; the mice were administered oral gavage with a selective ADAM17 inhibitor (TMI-005) for 4 weeks after the operation. Results We found that the ADAM17 expression levels were higher in fibrosis heart tissues and TGF-β1-treated mCFs. The ADAM17-specific siRNAs decreased TGF-β1-induced increase in the collagen secretion, proliferation, and migration of mCFs. Knockdown of ADAM17 reduces the activation of mCFs by inhibiting the ATF6 branch of ER stress and further activating mitophagy. Moreover, decreased ADAM17 expression also ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and improved heart function. Conclusions This study highlights that mCF ADAM17 expression plays a key role in cardiac fibrosis by regulating ER stress and mitophagy, thereby limiting fibrosis and improving heart function. Therefore, ADAM17 downregulation, within the physiological range, could exert protective effects against cardiac fibrosis.
Analysis methods for measuring passive auditory fNIRS responses generated by a block-design paradigm

Abstract. Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly popular tool in auditory research, but the range of analysis procedures employed across studies may complicate the interpretation of data. Aim: We aim to assess the impact of different analysis procedures on the morphology, detection, and lateralization of auditory responses in fNIRS. Specifically, we determine whether averaging or generalized linear model (GLM)-based analysis generates different experimental conclusions when applied to a block-protocol design. The impact of parameter selection of GLMs on detecting auditory-evoked responses was also quantified. Approach: 17 listeners were exposed to three commonly employed auditory stimuli: noise, speech, and silence. A block design, comprising sounds of 5 s duration and 10 to 20 s silent intervals, was employed. Results: Both analysis procedures generated similar response morphologies and amplitude estimates, and both indicated that responses to speech were significantly greater than to noise or silence. Neither approach indicated a significant effect of brain hemisphere on responses to speech. Methods to correct for systemic hemodynamic responses using short channels improved detection at the individual level. Conclusions: Consistent with theoretical considerations, simulations, and other experimental domains, GLM and averaging analyses generate the same group-level experimental conclusions. We release this dataset publicly for use in future development and optimization of algorithms.