Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMBINATION DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIXED PLATFORMS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

The object of this ongoing API sponsored research study is to develop design criteria for selection of winds, waves, and currents in the Gulf of Mexico to be used in design of offshore structures. A probabilistic methodology is developed that leads to the joint probability distribution of hurricane induced winds, waves and currents for a generic site. Both analytic and statistical input is based on the historical hurricane information in the Gulf. Three different methods are compared for selection of the design combination criteria: 1) ignoring the platform response and simply focusing on the joint probability of the environmental events, 2) aiming for a target return period for the platform response, and 3) aiming for a target reliability for the platform. For fixed platforms, the results are shown to be similar based on the three selection methods; this conclusion may not be valid for other climate areas. The project Technical Advisory Committee's recommendation for fixed platforms is a combination of the 100-year maximum wave height, the 100-year wind, and 54% of the 100-year current or roughly a 2.0 knot current. This, on the average, leads to an annual safety index of 3.0 for the platform.
A Metallized Plastic Feed Horn with Optimized Smooth-Walled Profile and Low Cross Polarization at 20/30 GHz

For high volume products like a DVB-RCS terminal, manufacturing by plastic injection molding and metallization techniques are considered to be key technologies to make low cost ground terminals feasible. In this paper we report on the electrical design of a smooth-walled feed horn, where the horn profile is optimized to obtain low cross polarization both at 20 and 30 GHz. The optimized feed horn is manufactured by plastic injection molding and metallization techniques. The optimized horn has an aperture diameter of 3 8 mm, length 42.9 mm and is fed from an 11 mm diameter waveguide. The feed horn has XPD > 25 dB within the Rx-band and XPD > 32 dB within the Tx-band, and return loss is better than 25 dB in both bands. (5 pages)
New approach for simulating an energy limited hydro unit

It is a requirement of optimal production cost scheduling to allocate all of the assigned energy to an energy limited (EL) hydro unit. Most of the techniques developed so far for simulating the EL units consider the assigned energy as an expected (average) value which is not realistically accurate. This paper presents a methodology for the probabilistic simulation of the EL unit incorporating the randomness in the water head. The methodology utilises the concept of the multistate model of a generating unit to represent an EL unit with the randomness in the availability of hydro energy. The method requires a simple algorithm for the simulation. The distribution of the EL unit with random hydro energy is derived from the distributions of the random outages of the EL unit and the random availability of hydro energy (water head). The proposed method is applied to the IEEE reliability test system (IEEE-RTS). The method is capable of handling any number of EL hydro units and there is no conceptual limitation applying it to a power system with other types of EL units.
Position‐Invariant Neural Network for Digital Pavement Crack Analysis

Abstract: This article presents an integrated neural network‐based crack imaging system to classify crack types of digital pavement images. This system includes three neural networks: (1) image‐based neural network, (2) histogram‐based neural network, and (3) proximity‐based neural network. These three neural networks were developed to classify various crack types based on the subimages (crack tiles) rather than crack pixels in digital pavement images. These spatial neural networks were trained using artificially generated data following the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidelines. The optimal architecture of each neural network was determined based on the testing results from different sets of the number of hidden units, learning coefficients, and the number of training epochs. To validate the system, actual pavement pictures taken from pavements as well as the computer‐generated data were used. The proximity value is determined by computing relative distribution of crack tiles within the image. The proximity‐based neural network effectively searches the patterns of various crack types in both horizontal and vertical directions while maintaining its position invariance. The final result indicates that the proximity‐based neural network produced the best result with the accuracy of 95.2% despite its simplest neural network structure with the least computing requirement.
Design and Prototype Mold of Carbon Composite Electrode for Synthesis Graphene with Electrochemical Exfoliation Method

: Graphene is a new material that has special electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, mechanical and chemical properties. The method for synthesis graphene that is currently being developed is through the electrochemical exfoliation because it has the advantages of a fast, environmentally friendly manufacturing process, and low costs in the production process, and the resulting low defect value of the graphene material. One of the most important component for syhnthesis graphene with this method is electrodes. Electrodes at this method act as a source of carbon for synthesis graphene. Most of the researcher use graphite (sheet, rod, and flakes) as a electrodes for this method. This research aims to synthesis graphene with electrochemical exfoliation with carbon composite as a electrode. This paper is the first stage at this research to design and create a mold of carbon composite electrode. The result of the first stage of this research is using material ST 37 that have thick 5mm to create mold of carbon composite electrode, the shapes of this electrodes is block with dimension 15 x 1 x1 [cm].
Design and Development of the Shrapnel-Borne Meteorological Exploration System Based on MEMS

This paper presents a Shrapnel-borne meteorological exploration system based on MEMS sensor for atmospheric pressure, MEMS sensor for temperature and GPS receiver, and introduces the working principle and composition of the system. This system is carried to given region by shrapnel, and explores the meteorological parameters of temperature, barometric pressure and the speed and direction of wind. A data transfer will transport the data acquired by sensors to user terminal. Then user terminal calculates the speed and direction of wind with GPS data by coordinate transformation algorithm, shows all the results on display interface and draws change curves. Test shows that user terminal can display the results rapidly and accurately. The performances completely meet the design requirements. This system is based on Modular Design, so it can meet the different requirements of different environments. With the use of MEMS sensors, this system contains the characters of economy, high stability and low power consumption.
Recovery of information about fiber Bragg gratings in nano-measurements of physical quantities

In this paper, we have presented a reliable simulation of algorithm for the recovery of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) parameters from their reflection spectrum. An accurate method for synthesizing the physical parameters of the fiber Bragg grating has been proposed and demonstrated on the bans of its reflectivity. The method is based on gradient optimization algorithms and can be applied over each type of gratings (uniform, apodized, chirped, phase shifted). We have proposed a new technique, which has overcome some of existing disadvantages and restrictions by using information about the reflection characteristics from grating, which we have examined, and also using the transmission characteristics. As an example, the proposed technique may be successfully applied to synthesize and characterize our experimental grating which is uniformed, apodized and linearly chirped, from FBG measured reflectivity. This method could be applied for distribution strain and temperature sensing applications if only we have some previous information about the unstrained FBG and also if the possible strain profiles are known. Our algorithm for the synthesis of FBGs from reflectivity has no limitations in parameter space. We don't have to reduce the problem to small number of parameters. In most of practical cases, our technique would fast lead to accurate synthesis results. The proposed method can efficiently lead to optimal solutions and at the same time it takes into account various requirements of the examined grating. This study and simulations are supported by initial laboratory experiments, and this allow us to suppose, that there is a real possibility of complete, fast, and accurate characterization (including phase characterization) of FBG structures from reflectivity measurements.
Reliability modelling of uninterruptible power supply systems using fault tree analysis method

The aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability parameters estimation method for the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems using the fault tree analysis (FTA) technique. FTA is a top-down approach to identify all potential causes leading to system failure. The computation of the system's failure probability is the main goal of this analysis, as this value can be used to calculate other important system reliability parameters such as failure rates, mean time between failures (MTBFs) and reliability. In this paper, the FTA method was applied to five different UPS topologies and the results obtained were compared and discussed in detail. By comparing the critical fault path of the system, it was found that the inverter failures contributed most significantly to the system failure. It was also found that the probability of failure of a UPS system can be reduced by the inclusion of bypass supply, given that the failure rate of the events that causing the failure of the bypass supply should be lower compared to the main utility supply. Finally, to validate the results obtained from this method, comparisons were made to the results from other methods such as the reliability block diagram (RBD), Boolean Truth Table, probability tree, Monte-Carlo simulation and field data reliability estimation methods.
Stabilization of electromechanical systems via interconnection and damping assignment

In this article, we propose a general controller structure for asymptotic position regulation of electromechanical systems derived using the Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity‐Based Control methodology recently proposed in the literature. The controller is applicable to arbitrary fully actuated electromechanical systems with linear magnetic materials consisting of inductances, permanent magnets, and one mechanical co‐ordinate. We assume linear magnetic materials and fully actuated electrical dynamics; however, no restrictions are imposed on the particular form of the parameters that define the system dynamics, i.e. the inductance matrix, the magnetic coupling or the potential energy function. This allows us to treat—in a unified framework and without any additional simplifying assumptions—very diverse applications, including magnetic suspensions, and stepper and permanent magnet synchronous motors. Instrumental for our developments is the inclusion of ‘virtual’ couplings between the electrical and the mechanical subsystem, which is naturally suggested in this control methodology. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Intelligent Home Energy Management for Demand Response Applications

A Home Energy Management (HEM) system is an integral part of a smart grid that can potentially enable demand response applications for residential customers. It provides a homeowner the ability to automatically perform smart load controls based on utility signals, customers preference and load priority. This paper presents an intelligent HEM for managing high power consumption household appliances for demand response (DR) analysis. The proposed HEM manages household loads according to their preset priority and guarantees the total household power consumption below certain levels.Given the lack of understanding about DR potentials in this market, this work serves as an essential stepping-stone toward providing an insight into how much DR can be performed for residential customers.
A decision support tool for humanitarian operations in natural disaster relief

In this paper we present a decision support system for primary action of international organizations devoted to natural disaster relief In particular, we pretend to build up an expert system that taking into account past experiences will help decision makers, mainly non-governmental organizations, to start or not an operation, depending on the place and the very first information about a possible natural disaster. The relevance of this issue is extreme, since such a decision must be taken as soon as possible.
Wide-field-of-view adaptive optical system for lightweight deployable telescope technologies

A NASA research contract (NAS1-00116) was awarded to Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. in January 2000 to study wide field-of-view adaptive optical systems. These systems will be required on future high resolution Earth remote sensing systems that employ large, flexible, lightweight, deployed primary mirrors. The deformations from these primary mirrors will introduce aberrations into the optical system, which must be removed by corrective optics. For economic reasons, these remote sensing systems must have a large field-of-view (a few degrees). Unlike ground-based adaptive optical systems, which have a negligible field-of-view, the adaptive optics on these space-based remote sensing systems will be required to correct for the deformations in the primary mirror over the entire field-of-view. A new error function, which is an enhancement to conventional adaptive optics, for wide field-of-view optical systems will be introduced. This paper will present the goals of the NASA research project and its progress. The initial phase of this research project is a demonstration of the wide field-of-view adaptive optics theory. A breadboard has been designed and built for this purpose. The design and assembly of the breadboard will be presented, along with the final results for this phase of the research project. Finally, this paper will show the applicability of wide field-of-view adaptive optics to space-based astronomical systems.
Correction of Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer Instrumental Clock Errors Using Ambient Seismic Noise

Abstract Very accurate timing of seismic recordings is critical for modern processing techniques. Clock synchronization among the instruments constituting an array is, however, difficult without direct communication between them. Synchronization to Global Positioning System (GPS) time is one option for on‐land deployments, but not for underwater surveys as electromagnetic signals do not propagate efficiently in water. If clock drift is linear, time corrections for ocean‐bottom seismometer (OBS) deployments can be estimated through GPS synchronization before and after the deployment, but this is not sufficient for many applications as the nonlinear component of the drift can reach tens to hundreds of milliseconds for long‐duration experiments. We present two techniques to retrieve timing differences between simultaneous recordings at ocean‐bottom instruments after deployment has ended. Both techniques are based on the analysis of the cross correlation of ambient seismic noise and are effective even if clock drift is nonlinear. The first, called time symmetry analysis, is easy to apply but requires a proper illumination so that the noise cross‐correlation functions are symmetric in time. The second is based on the doublet analysis method and does not have this restriction. Advantages and drawbacks of both approaches are discussed. Application to two OBS data sets shows that both can achieve synchronization of recordings down to about five milliseconds (a few percent of the main period used).
2 Gbit/s PSK heterodyne communication system using optical phase-locked loop

We increased the bit rate of PSK synchronous coherent systems to 2 Gbit/s. The receiver was implemented with a pin/100-Ω photodiode and a 1320 nm diode-pumped miniature Nd:YAG laser as a local oscillator. The receiver used an optical phase-locked loop and exhibited the sensitivity of −41.7 dBm or 225 photons/bit after 50 km of single-mode fibre transmission.
Optical-mechanical measurements of biomechanical characteristics of lumbar spines after application of various surgical fixation methods

Special equipment was realized for measurement of biomechanical characteristics of samples of lower part of the spine that means the lumbar part L1-L5. The measuring was carried out on 3 spinal samples. At first on an intact spinal sample, on a destabilized spinal sample and on a stabilized spinal sample. The stabilization was carry out by cylindrical cages and fixation screws. Using force-meters each specimen was tested sequentially nondestructively in axial torsion, compression, flexion and extension and lateral bending. Stiffness of destabilized and stabilized samples were computed to that of intact spine. During straining and measurement of ht rigidity of the sample as a whole it is also necessary to observe the movement of individual parts of the sample. This movement is followed with the help of round targets connected to the appropriate vertebra to be observed. The detectional targets are lit with a lamp, in some cases with a laser, and are watched by two CCD cameras. An optical signal is brought into a computer and evaluated by the fast Fourier transformation method. The period and direction of interference fringes determine the size and the direction of the shift.
Methodology for Capturing Driver Eye Glance Behavior during In-Vehicle Secondary Tasks

Driving is a visual task; any driver behavior that takes the driver's visual attention from the driving environment is likely to increase the risk of a crash. Many new intelligent transportation systems telematics applications are now being installed in cars, and some of these may result in substantial degradation of visual attention. Accurately capturing driver eye glance behavior during the evaluation of these devices is critical to assessing the safety impact of engaging in secondary tasks while driving. The development of a methodology is reported; it reliably determines on-road and off-road eye glance duration by using video data collected during highway driving evaluation trials while drivers were engaged with secondary tasks. Human raters determined glance location and duration by detailed coding of the driver's eye movements on the videos. The raters agreed most of the time, but sufficient disagreement suggested that using the consensus of multiple raters significantly improved the reliability of the resulting eye glance data.
A dual‐band RF switch using composite right/left‐handed transmission lines and PIN diodes

A dual‐band RF switch that utilizes composite right/left handed (CRLH) transmissions‐lines(TLs) and PIN diodes is proposed. The design method of RF switch is based on the phase characteristic of the CRLH‐TL, which can be adjusted arbitrary, and employed conventional type‐II; filter structure. The use of multiple PIN diodes as switching element offers prominent performance such as low insertion loss, low power consumption, and high isolation. Theoretical performance of RF switch is verified through the circuit simulations and the measurement of a fabricated prototype at 0.8 GHz and 1.6 GHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2074–2077, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23591
An application of Artificial Intelligence in emotion detection by speech only

: Emotions of human are very important in our daily communications and recent years have witnessed a lot of research works to develop reliable emotion recognition systems based on various types data sources such as audio and video. Since there is no apparently visual information of human faces, emotion analysis based on only audio data is a very challenging task. In this work, a novel emotion recognition is proposed based on robust features and machine learning from only audio speech. For a person independent emotion recognition system, audio data is used as input to the system from which, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are calculated as features. The MFCC features are then followed by critical analysis to minimize the inner-class scatterings and maintain max value of the inter-class scatterings. The robust indistinguishable features are then applied with an efficient and fast deep learning approach Neural Structured Learning (NSL) for emotion training and recognition. The proposed approach of combining MFCC, discriminate analysis and NSL generated superior recognition rates compared to other traditional approaches such as MFCC-DBN, MFCC-CNN, and MFCC-RNN during the experiments on an emotion dataset of audio speeches. The system can be adopted in smart environments such as homes or clinics to provide affective healthcare. Since NSL is fast and easy to implement, it can be tried on edge devices with limited datasets collected from edge sensors. Hence, we can push the decision-making step towards where data resides rather than conventionally processing of data and making decisions from faraway of the data sources. The proposed approach can be applied in different practical applications such as understanding peoples’ emotions in their daily life and stress from the voice of the pilots or air traffic controllers in air traffic management systems, and identification of leader’s emotions or intentions behind their speech.
A CHRONICLE OF SCIENTIFIC PLANNING - THE ANGLO-AMERICAN MODELING EXPERIENCE

Abstract The application of computer models of land use and transportation that began over 30 years ago still provides the best example of how a science of planning might be developed. The tension between theory and practice that has always been an integral part of the movement provides a mirror in which we can explore many of the limits to our science and art. Here we provide a chronology of developments, identifying how formal theories and new technologies have enriched our abilities to learn about the nature of planning, but also demonstrating an urgent need for new urban theories and models with which to explore current problems.
Detection of radio transmitter turn-on transients

The use of a fractal dimension measure in conjunction with a Bayesian step change detector for the detection of radio transmitter turn-on transients is described. Fractal dimensions from radio transmission samples are calculated. The Bayesian change detector is then used to detect the change in the fractal trajectory in order to locate the transition point from channel noise to the start of a transient.