Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron Frequency Shift as a Probe of the CERN SPS Reactive Impedance

Longitudinal instability in the CERN SPS is a serious limitation for the future increase of bunch intensity required by the HiLumi LHC project. The impedance driving this instability is not known precisely and a lot of effort goes into creating an accurate impedance model. The reactive impedance of the machine can be probed by measuring the bunch length oscillations of a mismatched bunch at injection. The frequency of these oscillations as a function of intensity has a slope that depends on the reactive impedance and the emittance. Measurements were done for three values of longitudinal emittance and then compared with particle simulations based on the impedance model using particle distribution close to the measured one. Comparison of measured and calculated frequency shifts gives an estimation of the missing impedance in the model. In addition, scanning of initial emittance for diverse particle distributions in simulations shows that the frequency shift greatly depends on emittance and initial distribution. Small variations of these parameters can lead to very different results and explain partially the discrepancy between measured and calculated values of frequency shifts.
A novel transmission pathway: first report of a larval trematode in a tanaidacean crustacean

This study reports on the first trematode parasite observed in any species in the crustacean order Tanaidacea. Metacercariae occupying the body cavity of the host (Longiflagrum nasutus) were detected in 13 of 37 tanaidaceans collected from Manko Wetland, a Ramsar site on Okinawa Island, Japan. The morphology of the trematode and analyses of its 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and ITS1 nucleotide sequences suggest that it belongs in the family Microphallidae. Definitive hosts are not highly specific in microphallids, and are chiefly birds. Tanaidaceans have been reported in stomach contents from wading birds; L. nasutus was abundant at Manko Wetland, and is a likely prey for shorebirds there. This circumstantial evidence suggests an avian definitive host for the trematode in L. nasutus.
Larger board size and decreasing firm value in small firms1

Several studies hypothesize a relation between board size and financial performance. Empirical tests of the relation exist in only a few studies of large U.S. firms. We find a significant negative correlation between board size and profitability in a sample of small and midsize Finnish firms. Finding a board-size effect for a new and different class of firms affects the range of explanations for the board-size effect. ( 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G30; G32; K22
A library of early Cambrian chemostratigraphic correlations from a reproducible algorithm

The visual alignment of chemostratigraphic excursions enables correlation of sedimentary successions within the bounds of geochronology or biostratigraphy. This correlation facilitates the extrapolation of ages from radiometrically calibrated stratigraphic sections to others lacking temporal constraints. For Ediacaran and Cambrian applications, this practice commonly involves assigning ages to fossil first appearances, thereby resolving the tempo of early animal evolution. Chronologies, and the resulting evolutionary insights that they permit, frequently rely on the identification of a single, unique alignment between a time-calibrated and a time-uncertain section, yet visual correlation methods do not permit evaluating the uniqueness of such a chronology. Here we use a dynamic programming algorithm to determine a range of alignments between stratigraphic sections that are optimal under certain assumptions about total temporal overlap and sedimentation rates. We apply the algorithm to radiometrically calibrated Cambrian δ 13 C carb records to catalog a library of statistically significant and reproducible alignments. While a subset of the dynamic programming alignments support the statistical significance of published visual alignments, the remaining yield additional, significant correlation solutions that do not violate lithostratigraphic constraints. We conclude that the range of temporal inferences for fossil first appearances that arise from multiple chemostratigraphic alignments should be accounted for in assessing the timing of early Cambrian animal diversification.
Nutritional evaluation of the different body parts of cuttlefish Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1885

The basic nutritional components such as protein, carbohydrate, lipids, vitamins and minerals are chemical compounds essential to the growth and health of a living being. Hence, in the present study, the nutritional quality of different body parts (head, arm, tentacle and mantle) from the cuttlefish Sepia kobiensis was evaluated. The total protein content ranged from 26.55 ± 0.45% (tentacle) to 43.95 ± 0.62% (head); and the carbohydrate content from 9.18 ± 0.29% (tentacle) to 11.85 ± 0.20% (arm). The lipid level was minimum in the mantle (1.19 ± 0.18%) and maximum in the arm (2.46 ± 0.20%). The moisture content was least in the mantle (81.50 ± 0.56%) and maximum in the head (86.82 ± 1.59%). The ash content was found fluctuating between 5.79 ± 0.13% (mantle) and 7.35 ± 0.13% (head), whereas the total cholesterol and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels range from 131.25 ± 0.89 mg/100 g (mantle) to 359.36±1.94 mg/100 g (arm), and 43.83 ± 0.81 mg/100 g (head) to 204.53 ± 1.78 mg/100 g (tentacle), respectively. Likewise, the triglyceride content was minimum in mantle (156.52 ± 0.83 mg/100 g) and maximum in arm (234.78 ± 1.28 mg/100 g). All the aforementioned biochemical components have been calculated on dry weight basis. Thus, the present study explains that the cephalopods are highly delicious seafood because of their nutritive value next to fin fishes. Key words: Proximate composition, nutritional value, cuttlefish, body parts.
POLLEN COMPETITION AMONG TWO SPECIES OF

Hybridization between interfertile, sympatric or parapatric, plant species can be reduced significantly by conspecific pollen advantage (CPA), whereby conspecific pollen has an advantage over heterospecific pollen in terms of ovule fertilization. We examined CPA in two interfertile species of Senecio, S. aethnensis, and S. chrysanthemifolius (Asteraceae), which form a hybrid zone on Mt. Etna, Sicily. Individuals of both species were pollinated with pollen mixtures containing 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% heterospecific pollen, and offspring were genotyped to determine if they were products of conspecific or heterospecific pollen fertilizing the ovules. The mean proportion of hybrid offspring produced on S. aethnensis plants was not significantly different to that expected based on the proportion of heterospecific pollen applied to the flower head. However, S. chrysanthemifolius mother plants showed moderate CPA, with the proportion of hybrid offspring significantly less than expected. Seed set or seed germination was not reduced, hence the CPA found for S. chrysanthemifolius acts before ovule fertilization. The consequences of asymmetry in CPA on the reproductive isolation of S. aethnensis are briefly discussed, along with other mechanisms that may play a role in the maintenance of the hybrid zone on Mt. Etna.
Life-Threatening Cultural Practices That Are Health Risk : The Dilemma Of Female Genital Mutilation

This study was concerned with life-threatening cultural practices that are health risk: the dilemma of female genital mutilation. It was carried out in Oron and Uruan Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A total of 460 literate adults (230 males and 230 females were randomly selected from a stratified socio-cultural population. A validated likert format questionnaire was used for data collection. A test retest reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained. The descriptive analysis was used for the frequency distribution. The results showed that female genital mutilation was practiced in the Local Government Areas through traditional methods. This practice continued because of the culture and tradition of the people which encouraged the practice. Introduction All socialites have norms of care and behaviour based on age, life stage, gender and social class. These norms often referred to as cultural practices may be beneficial or harmless, but some may be harmful (Olumba 2005). Those cultural practices relating to female children, relations between women and men, and marriage and sexuality often have a harmful effect on women and girls. To many people the phrase” female circumcision” or “female genital mutilation” brings to mind an exalted cultural practice which needs to be protected from contamination of western medicine. To others, it is an exotic repugnant, debarring and cruel practice. It is therefore not surprising that this practice rather than being remote and extinct, is in fact being continued in over 40 countries of the world and affect 74 million women (Mclean, 1985). One deeply rooted cultural practice that has severe health consequences for girls and women is female genital mutilation (FGM) some times called female circumcision. Female genital mutilation comprises all the procedures involving practical or total removal of the external genitalia or other injury to the female genitalia organs whether for cultural or other non therapeutic reasons. In cultures where it is an accepted norm, female genital mutilation is usually performed by traditional practitioners generally elderly women in the community specially designated for this task or traditional birth attendants who use crude instruments and without anaesthesia. In some countries, health professionals-trained midwives and
The immune system as a model for pattern recognition and classification.

OBJECTIVE To design a pattern recognition engine based on concepts derived from mammalian immune systems. DESIGN A supervised learning system (Immunos-81) was created using software abstractions of T cells, B cells, antibodies, and their interactions. Artificial T cells control the creation of B-cell populations (clones), which compete for recognition of "unknowns. " The B-cell clone with the "simple highest avidity" (SHA) or "relative highest avidity" (RHA) is considered to have successfully classified the unknown. MEASUREMENT Two standard machine learning data sets, consisting of eight nominal and six continuous variables, were used to test the recognition capabilities of Immunos-81. The first set (Cleveland), consisting of 303 cases of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, was used to perform a ten-way cross-validation. After completing the validation runs, the Cleveland data set was used as a training set prior to presentation of the second data set, consisting of 200 unknown cases. RESULTS For cross-validation runs, correct recognition using SHA ranged from a high of 96 percent to a low of 63.2 percent. The average correct classification for all runs was 83.2 percent. Using the RHA metric, 11.2 percent were labeled "too close to determine" and no further attempt was made to classify them. Of the remaining cases, 85.5 percent were correctly classified. When the second data set was presented, correct classification occurred in 73.5 percent of cases when SHA was used and in 80.3 percent of cases when RHA was used. CONCLUSIONS The immune system offers a viable paradigm for the design of pattern recognition systems. Additional research is required to fully exploit the nuances of immune computation.
A Label-based Edge Partitioning for Multi-Layer Graphs

Social network systems rely on very large underlying graphs. Consequently, to achieve scalability, most data analytics and data mining algorithms are distributed and graphs are partitioned over a set of servers. In most real-world graphs, the edges and/or vertices have different semantics and queries largely consider this semantics. But while several works focus on efficient graph computations on these "multi-semantic" graphs, few ones are dedicated to their partitioning. In this work, we propose a novel approach to achieve edge partitioning for multi-layer graphs, which considers both structural and edge-types (labels) localities. Our experiments on real life datasets with benchmark graph applications confirm that the execution time and the inter-partition communication can be significantly reduced with our approach.
Combining ability analysis for grain filling duration and yield traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)

A diallel analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) parents (n = 11) and their F1 (n = 55) and F2 (n = 55) offspring was carried out for the following four traits: grain filling duration (GFD), GFD for growing degree days (GDD), 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) displayed significant F1 and F2 general and specific combining ability effects for the four traits studied. For all the traits the GCA effects were relatively more important than the SCA effects, indicating that additive genetic effects were predominant. Crosses displaying high SCA effects for grain filling duration, seed weight and yield were observed to be derived from parents having various types of GCA effects (high x high, high x low, low x low and medium x low). The single seed descent method can be applied to exploit additive gene effects whereas dominance gene effects could be valuable in hybrid wheat breeding programs. Among the parents, genotypes from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, CIMMYT) as well as South Asia were found to be superior general combiners for grain filling duration. Likewise, crosses involving diverse parents from CIMMYT and South Asia showed significant SCA effects for grain filling duration and other traits.
Industrialisation factors in post-industrial society

In most economies, both developed and developing, industrialisation is viewed as a necessary step towards economic development. New risks for industrialisation are associated with the result of the economic and social changes, regarding the transition to a post-industrial society. Modern progress of organization theory has generated important questions and challenges to conventional sociological and organizational theories. These developments are related to â€œconditions of postmodernityâ€ â€“ dynamic environment and a post-industrial society with information and knowledge-based nonhomogeneous values as a central research topic. As a result it should be stressed that nowadays society is directly linked to the adjustments in values as a shift to post-industrial modes of production. Modern industrialisation concept should represent the post-industrial society approach, providing framework for the practical applications and explaining the modern company value creation process that corresponds to the economic transformation into post-industrial.
Better than Most: Teacher Beliefs About Effort and Ability in Uganda

Do teachers have accurate beliefs about their effort and ability? This paper explores this through a survey experiment in public-private partnership schools in Uganda, wherein teacher self-beliefs are contrasted with their beliefs about other teachers in the same school. The study finds that, on average, teachers tend to rate ability, effort, and job satisfaction more positively for themselves than for other teachers. This tendency is called high relative self-regard. The study finds no systematic evidence of high relative self-regard around perceptions of student engagement quality and available support structures. More experienced teachers are less likely to exhibit high relative self-regard, while teachers showing low effort are more likely to exhibit it. This is analogous to the Dunning-Kruger effect in psychology, except respondents rate themselves as better than most (not better than average) and variation is explored over effort (not cognitive ability). High relative self-regard is less pronounced in owner-managed public-private partnership schools, suggesting that when principle-agent problems are less severe, schools find ways to correct for inaccurate teacher self-beliefs. These results provide suggestive evidence of cognitive biases that help teachers rationalize suboptimal effort in the classroom. This in turn points to the importance of providing objective feedback to teachers about their effort and performance as one potential way to improve their performance. Teacher self-beliefs are important areas of intervention because they are likely to affect how teachers optimize their effort and training investments. Self-beliefs are also likely to affect how teachers respond to changes in incentive and accountability regimes.
D-ark—a Shared Digital Performance Art Archive with a Modular Metadata Schema

Digital objects and documentation of intangible cultural heritage pose new challenges for most museums, which have a long history in preserving tangible objects. Art museums, however, have been working with digital objects for some decades, as they have been collecting media art. Yet, performance art as an ephemeral art form has been a challenge for art museums’ collection work. This article presents a method for archiving digital and audiovisual performance documentation. D-ark (digital performance art archive) is based on a joint effort by the artist community T.E. H.D. A.S. , which has created the archive, and Pori Art Museum, which is committed to preserving the archive for the future. The aim is to produce sufficient standardized metadata to support this objective. This article addresses the problems of documenting an ephemeral art form and copyright issues pertaining to both the artist and the videographer. The concept of D-ark includes a modular metadata schema that makes a distinction between descriptive, administrative, and technical metadata. The model is designed to be flexible—new modules of objects or technical metadata can be added in the future, if necessary. D-ark metadata schema deploys the FRBRoo, Premis, VideoMD, and AudioMD standards. Administrative and technical metadata modules abide by Finnish digital preservation specifications.
Subtyping and Algebraic Data Types

We present a new method for type inference. Traditional approaches rely on an inductively defined domain of types. Instead, we specify the properties of the type system as a set of axioms, and give a polynomial-time algorithm for checking whether there is any domain of types for which the program types. We show the correctness of the algorithm and also prove that safety properties are satisfied; any program accepted by the type system will not cause type errors at run-time. The advantages of our approach is that is simpler and more general. The algorithm for checking that a program types is a simple mechanism for propagating type information which should be easy to extend to support other programming language features. The type checking algorithm is more general than other approaches as the algorithm will accept any program that types under any type system that satisfies the axioms. We also show how to make type information available to compilers and other development tools through an algorithm to determine entailment. The language we consider is lambda calculus extended with a constructors and a form of type construct we call open case expressions. Open case expressions allow a program to manipulate abstract data types where the sets of constructors overlap.
Software for Quantifying and Batch Processing Images of Brn3a and RBPMS Immunolabelled Retinal Ganglion Cells in Retinal Wholemounts

Purpose The ability to accurately quantify immunohistochemically labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) on wholemounts is an important histopathological determinant in experimental retinal research. Traditionally, this has been performed by manual or semi-automated counting of RGCs. Here, we describe an automated software that accurately and efficiently counts immunolabeled RGCs with the ability to batch process images and perform whole-retinal analysis to permit isodensity map generation. Methods Retinal wholemounts from control rat eyes, and eyes subjected to either chronic ocular hypertension or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity, were labeled by immunohistochemistry for two different RGC-specific markers, Brn3a and RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS). For feasibility of manual counting, images were sampled from predefined retinal sectors, totaling 160 images for Brn3a and 144 images for RBPMS. The automated program was initially calibrated for each antibody prior to batch analysis to ensure adequate cell capture. Blinded manual RGC counts were performed by three independent observers. Results The automated counts of RGCs labeled for Brn3a and RBPMS closely matched manual counts. The automated script accurately quantified both physiological and damaged retinas. Efficiency in counting labeled RGC wholemount images is accelerated 40-fold with the automated software. Whole-retinal analysis was demonstrated with integrated retinal isodensity map generation. Conclusions This automated cell counting software dramatically accelerates data acquisition while maintaining accurate RGC counts across different immunolabels, methods of injury, and spatial heterogeneity of RGC loss. This software likely has potential for wider application. Translational Relevance This study provides a valuable tool for preclinical RGC neuroprotection studies that facilitates the translation of neuroprotection to the clinic.
The Science of Sustainable Development: Local Livelihoods and the Global Environment

This book attempts to redefine roles of government agencies, development assistance programmes and science in achieving a more sustainable future of rural landscapes in tropical developing countries. Science faces major challenges in tackling the inter-linked problems of poverty and environmental sustainability. This book reviews how practical science can be applied to real-life conservation and development problems, and aims to demystify the sometimes obscure science of natural resources management, interpreting it for the benefit of those who need to deal with the day-to-day problems of managing complex natural resource systems. The book responds to needs expressed by the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Environment Facility and many other international fora where the problems of conserving the environment in poor countries are debated. It gives practical guidance to those who design and manage conservation programmes and demonstrates that new technologies are now available that enable integrated natural resource management to move from a theory to a reality. The threats to the natural environment posed by globalisation require an integrated response that can yield real benefits to those living in tropical developing countries, whilst also achieving global environment objectives.
Developing Evaluation Frameworks for Business Models in China’s Rural Markets

In rural China, successful and sustainable business model design has been viewed as an important strategy to achieve a win–win scenario in which rural poverty can be alleviated and enterprise profit can be improved. Although business model related literature is strong, it lacks a comprehensive framework for appraising business models in rural markets. As a result, entrepreneurs are facing significant challenges in implementing their market development centered business models or resource development centered business models. This study draws on case analysis to present two frameworks for evaluating the two types of business models, respectively. Through open coding and axial coding on eight Chinese cases, we identify the main components for the evaluation frameworks and critical factors within each component. Using the coding results as a lens, we apply a cross-case comparative data analysis to establish the multi-level evaluation systems. Finally, we provide suggestions for entrepreneurs and other stakeholders to better their business model design in China’s rural markets.