Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Task FaceBoxes: A Lightweight Face Detector Based on Channel Attention and Context Information

In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has become the primary method for face detection. But its shortcomings are obvious, such as expensive calculation, heavy model, etc. This makes CNN difficult to use on the mobile devices which have limited computing and storage capabilities. Therefore, the design of lightweight CNN for face detection is becoming more and more important with the popularity of smartphones and mobile Internet. Based on the CPU real-time face detector FaceBoxes, we propose a multi-task lightweight face detector, which has low computing cost and higher detection precision. First, to improve the detection capability, the squeeze and excitation modules are used to extract attention between channels. Then, the textual and semantic information are extracted by shallow networks and deep networks respectively to get rich features. Finally, the landmark detection module is used to improve the detection performance for small faces and provide landmark data for face alignment. Experiments on AFW, FDDB, PASCAL, and WIDER FACE datasets show that our algorithm has achieved significant improvement in the mean average precision. Especially, on the WIDER FACE hard validation set, our algorithm outperforms the mean average precision of FaceBoxes by 7.2%. For VGA-resolution images, the running speed of our algorithm can reach 23FPS on a CPU device.
Implementation of web- based construction project management system in China projects by Hong Kong developers

Purpose – This paper aims to identify the challenges of Hong Kong and overseas developers in project management when undertaking real estate projects in China, and then focuses on how to mitigate and solve the problems. The proposed solution is about a concept of using the IT tool “web‐based construction project management system” (WPMS) to help assuring projects success in China. The study reported in this paper focuses on how to implement WPMS to manage construction projects in China considering the overall situation, limitations and Chinese culture.Design/methodology/approach – Case studies and interviews were adopted to identify the main reasons why experienced Hong Kong developers have apparently been outperformed by the capital‐deprived local developers in China. SWOT was applied to analyse project failure factors. Afterwards, 49 web‐based construction project management software systems were reviewed to identify their features, their client expectations, the technology propagation modes, and the mo.
Small-signal analysis of multiphase interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors

The small-signal analysis of the multiphase interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors operated in the continuous inductor current mode is addressed. It is very difficult to design a dynamic feedback controller when the converter phase is expanded since there are no general and compact expressions for the small-signal analysis for various inductor couplings. Analytical and concise frequency models are derived and the dynamic characteristics investigated according to the inductor couplings and the number of phases. The small-signal analysis is verified experimentally. The proposed frequency models will be very useful to design the dynamic controllers of the multiphase interleaved boost converters.
Strength Analysis for Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Rotor in High-Speed Motor

In the surface-mounted high-speed permanent magnet motor, the magnets are not mechanically strong enough to bear the centrifugal stress resulted from the high speed rotating, thus a sleeve composed of the carbon-fiber bandage is usually employed to retain the permanent magnets on the rotor surface. According to the surface-mounted high-speed permanent magnet rotor retained by a carbon-fiber bandage, in this paper, an analytical model for calculating rotor strength was presented based on the theory of elastic mechanics. Then the results of analytical model were compared with the calculations of finite-element method. It was shown that the analytical model proposed in this paper could accurately predict the stress distribution of the surface-mounted high-speed permanent magnet rotor fixed by a carbon-fiber bandage. Finally, the influence of the bandage thickness and shrink range between the permanent magnets and the bandage on rotor stress was investigated based on this analytical model of rotor strength.
Obtaining small smart weapon airframe position and attitude information using video image processing techniques

Determining position, attitude, and aimpoint of a small smart weapon as a function of time is extremely difficult and expensive. This paper describes an accurate, low-cost, portable method for collecting flight imagery and extracting position, attitude, and aimpoint information. This system consists of an onboard CCD camera, transmitter, and associated ground-based equipment. A firepulse from the weapon computer asynchronously takes a snapshot of the aimpoint. The ground- based equipment consists of video cassette recorders and a real-time digital disk recorder as well as GPS-derived IRIG-B encoders. Once the 60 Hz imagery is received and encoded with IRIG-B timecode, it is recorded. The stored imagery is then transferred to a computer workstation for digital image processing that includes individual field and line correction to remove electronic distortions and timing ambiguities. Optical distortions are corrected pixel-by-pixel using pixel maps to 'rubber-sheet' the imagery or build camera models. Images, grouped into several blocks, may be imported directly into OrthomaxR for further processing, which includes manually tagging fiducials and ground control points so that links between image and real space can be made and a 'least squares bundle adjustment' can be applied. An alternative method uses the City University Bundle Adjustment program to perform the necessary mathematical computations on all images in one large data set. An automated method, Video Motion Modeling System, is used to significantly reduce the labor and time involved in data processing. Results from all three methods are presented and compared in the following sections of this paper.
Method of Safety Assessment about the Electric Power Supply Company Based on Cloud Gravity Center Theory

Since there are lots of qualitative indexes on safety assessment of the electric power supply company, the issue becomes exigent as how to transform qualitative descriptions to quantitative indication to make the safety assessment more scientific and accurate. Cloud theory which is based on traditional fuzzy set theory and probability theory consider the fuzziness and randomness, providing a powerful method for qualitative and quantitative information combining. This paper introduces Cloud gravity center evaluation in Cloud theory to safety assessment of the electric power supply company, which renders the reasonable transformation from qualitative concepts to quantitative descriptions. The case analysis shows the method is verified and scientific.
Depression, Physical activity, and self-rated health: Panel analysis of adults in South Korea

Background: The health status of an individual is determined by socio-economic factors and behavioral factors. Socio-economic factors include marital status, educational level, living expenses, and housing type, among others. The differences of health status across individuals are mainly determined by these socioeconomic factors, which cannot be altered in a short run. However, even if the socioeconomic factors cannot be altered in the short run, there are ways for an individual to improve the health status in a relatively short period of time. These are behavioral factors, such as physical activities and management of depression. Methods: We provided evidence of the first statement by running a pooled OLS regression with self-rated health (SRH) as dependent variable and with walking, management of depression, sex, age, marital status, educational level, housing type, living expenses, and economic activity as independent variables. We proved the second statement by running a fixed-effect panel regression with the same dependent and independent variables. The 2010–2013 Korea Health Panel Survey data were used for analysis. Subjects were 34,436 adults (≥19 years) in 8,609 panel groups. Results: All the variables, including socio-economic variables as well as behavioral variables, were significant in the Pooled OLS regression. Whereas behavioral variables, such as walking and management of depression, were significant in the fixed-effect panel regression, socio-economic variables were not. The reason is that socio-economic variables are stable and not variant for an individual in the short-run.Conclusion: Whereas the differences of health status across individuals are mainly determined by socioeconomic factors, the health of an individual is significantly affected by his/her behavior. It is shown that regular walking and reduction of depression are important in improving SRH. There is a need for strategies designed to address depression and aging and encourage walking.
Overview of Research Status on the Durability of Corroded Steel Bar

Based on the summary of research methods and research results of durability of corroded steel bar and its structure, the factors that affect durability of corroded steel bar were summarized and the corrosion morphology and regularity of steel bar was analyzed as well as the impact on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of steel bar. The weakening of fatigue life of steel bar because of corrosion was illustrated through the typical corroded steel bar fatigue S-N curve. Finally, the study direction on durability of corroded steel bar under fatigue load was proposed according to the research progress and the insufficiency at present.
Homodyne crosstalk in optical cross-connects

Homodyne crosstalk in multiwavelength optical cross-connects (OXC) is studied. The bit error rate (BER) and power penalty due to the incoherent and coherent crosstalk are derived for IM-DD transmission. The impact of the WDM wavelength number, same-source crosstalk number, the cross-connecting state of the OXC, the polarization angle difference between the crosstalk contribution and the signal on the crosstalk performance is discussed.
Efficient Techniques for Finite Element Analysis of Electric Machines

Highly efficient methods are described for implementing the finite element method for analysis of electric machines. These include improved techniques for generating Jacobian matrices, implicit handling of boundary conditions, spline approximations to reluctivity characteristics, compact matrix storage and manipulation, and semiautomatic node ordering. Analysis of finite element models involving 500-1000 nodal variables becomes practical with the use of these techniques, within the memory limitations of modern medium-sized computers.
Response to Reviewer 1

The impact of aerosols on cloud properties is one of the largest uncertainties in the anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. In recent years, significant ::::::::: Significant progress has been made in constraining this forcing using observations, but uncertainty still remains, particularly in the adjustments of cloud properties :::::::: magnitude ::: of ::::: cloud ::::: rapid :::::::::: adjustments : to aerosol perturbations. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) is the leading control on liquid-cloud albedo, making it important to observationally constrain the aerosol impact LWP. 5 Previous modelling and observational studies have shown that multiple processes play a role in determining the LWP response to aerosol perturbations, but that the aerosol effect can be difficult to isolate. Following previous studies using mediating variables, this work investigates use of the relationship between cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) and LWP for constraining the role of aerosols. Using joint probability histograms to account for the non-linear relationship, this work finds a relationship that is broadly consistent with previous studies. There is significant geographical variation in the relationship, 10 partly due to role of meteorological factors (particularly relative humidity) in the relationship. However, the Nd-LWP relationship is negative in the majority of regions, suggesting that aerosol induced LWP reductions could offset a significant fraction of the ::::::::::: instantaneous radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions (RFaci). However, variations in the Nd-LWP relationship in response to volcanic and shipping aerosol perturbations indicate that the Nd-LWP relationship overestimates the Nd impact on LWP. As such, the estimate of LWP changes due to aerosol in ::: The 15 :::::: weaker :::: LWP :::::::: reduction ::::::: implied ::: by :::: these ::::::: “natural ::::::::::: experiments” :::::: means :::: that this work provides an upper bound to the radiative forcing from aerosol-induced changes in the LWP.
Hybrid ANNs-GAs Strategy Based Constrained Optimization and Application in Sheet Metal Flanging Forming

In order to provide a general purpose method to search optimum solution for complex constrained engineering problems without explicit system model, a hybrid optimization strategy based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. This strategy combines the strong nonlinearity mapping abilities of ANNs and effective and robust evolutionary searching ability of GAs. Firstly, ANNs are utilized to model the un-known system using inputs and outputs of system. Then the direct comparison approach based improved GAs are employed to search optimal solution in the constrained design space, using the trained ANNs as the function generator of system outputs. This strategy is implemented in optimization of design variables for sheet metal flanging process. The verification results of numerical simulation and the experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy.
Are Fiscal Deficits Inflationary in Nigeria? Evidence From Cointegration With Structural Breaks

In this paper, we model the relationship between fiscal deficit and inflation for Nigeria using annual data from 1980 to 2019. We employ the Linear ARDL approach and also account for structural breaks using the Bai and Perron (2003) test that allows for multiple structural changes in regression models.The paper finds that fiscal deficit is a major determinant of inflation along with other macroeconomic factors considered in the study. However, we observe that it may be necessary to pre-test for structural breaks when modelling the relationship between fiscal deficit and price level as it performs better than when structural events are not considered.The results imply that a fiscal management process that does not encourage increased revenue and reduce fiscal deficits in Nigeria will further worsen the level of inflation in the country.
Exploring inter‐organisational systems and flexibility in Ireland: a case of two value chains

This paper explores the use of inter‐organisational systems (IOS) and the impact they have on flexibility. The experiences of ten organisations that constitute two value chains enrich and extend previous survey findings. The paper first defines flexibility, arguing that it has four dimensions: temporal, range, intention and focus. It then investigates inter‐organisational systems, assessing how they impact on organisational flexibility. The paper also demonstrates how the case firms perceive flexibility. Next the types of IOS used are outlined, followed by a discussion on how IOS technology affects flexibility. An analysis of the impact of IOS on the flexibility of the complete value chain is presented and conclusions drawn.
Dynamical Power Optimization by Decentralized Routing Control in Multi-Hop Wireless Control Networks

Abstract We propose a mathematical and simulative framework for dynamic routing control in order to minimize power consumption objectives, which is compliant with the WirelessHART specification for multi-hop wireless control networks. To achieve this goal we propose the use of a decentralized optimization algorithm, which will be proved to be robust with respect to time-varying transmission channels and to node failures.
Top-Down Saliency Detection via Hidden Semantic Information

Saliency detection has been applied in many cases. This paper proposes a 2D hidden Markov model (2D-HMM) which exploits the hidden semantic information of image to detect the salient regions. A spatial pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradient (SP-HOG) descriptor is used to extract feature. After encoding the image by a learned dictionary, the 2D-viterbi algorithm is applied to inferring the saliency map. This model can depict the shapes of targets, and also it is robust to the targets’ change of posture and viewpoint. To validate the model with human’s visual search mechanism, eye track experiment is employed to train our model directly from the eye data. The results show that our model achieves a better performance than eye data. Moreover, it indicates that learning from eye track data to figure out their targets is possible.
Predictive-Modeling Technologies in Web Power Engineering

Web marketing can improve the management level of power-grid enterprises. With the increasing of market-oriented process, it is necessary to classify the customer efficiently to provide special electricity services. The predictive-modeling technologies can carry out classification for customer well. Thus, the four typical predictive-modeling technologies--regression analysis, Bayesian networks, decision tree, and neural networks--are introduced. In addition, the instances in web power marketing are used for illustrating these methods. The application of one or more predictive-modeling technologies can classify well to improve the marketing efficient of power-grid enterprises.
Tolerance analysis of bypass-, cross- and direct-coupled rectangular waveguide band-pass filters

Tolerance analyses of bypass-, cross- and direct-coupled rectangular waveguide filters are presented. It is found that, contrary to common belief, standard direct-coupled waveguide filters are not less sensitive with respect to their passband behaviour than filters with cross or bypass couplings. Moreover, they are considerably larger than bypass-coupled TM110-mode cavity designs, which always present the shortest solution and allow a simple implementation of transmission zeros. The general approach of the tolerance analysis is verified through measurements of a large number of fabricated direct-coupled seven-pole inductive-iris filters. It is concluded that both the path and the radius of the manufacturing end-mill cutter influence the return loss and passband spread of the fabricated filter components.
4.6.3 A Self‐assessment Scheme and an Evaluation of its Reliability based on ISO 9004:2000

The self‐assessment based on ISO 9004:2000 in quality management system is an important process for the organization that continually improves its performance considering the effectiveness and efficiency of a quality management system. The scheme and process of the internal audit and self‐assessment based on ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 9004:2000 is an issue that continues to demand the attention of researchers in this field. Also, the reliability of self‐assessment results is a remarkable issue. One element of reliability is the extent to which different teams assessing the same project produce similar ratings when presented with the same evidence. This paper presents a self‐assessment scheme conducted during internal audits based on ISO 9004:2000 in Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute in Korea. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the reliability of a self‐assessment scheme analyzing some results from two assessments between two teams in self‐assessment using Cohen's Kappa coefficient (Cohen 1960, Cohen 1968) and the observed agreement index (Jung 2003). The results indicate that the extent of agreement between the two teams is substantial and the self‐assessment scheme is reliable.
Demonstration of non-collocated vibration control of a flexible manipulator using electrical dynamic absorbers

This paper describes an experimental study into the vibration control of a servo system comprising a servo motor and a flexible manipulator. Two modes of the system are controlled by using the servo motor and an accelerometer attached to the tip of the flexible manipulator. The control system is thus non-collocated. It consists of two electrical dynamic absorbers, each of which consists of a modal filter and, in case of an out-of-phase mode, a phase inverter. The experimental results show that each absorber acts as a mechanical dynamic vibration absorber attached to each mode and significantly reduces the settling time for the system response to a step input.
2nd generation concrete construction: carbon footprint accounting

Purpose – Construction contractors and facility managers are being challenged to minimize the carbon footprint. Life cycle carbon‐equivalent (CO2‐e) accounting, whereby the potential emissions of greenhouse gases due to energy expenditure during construction and subsequent occupation of built infrastructure, generally ceases at the end of the service life. However, following demolition, recycling of demolition waste that becomes incorporated into 2nd generation construction is seldom considered within the management of the carbon footprint. This paper aims to focus on built concrete infrastructure, particularly the ability of recycled concrete to chemically react with airborne CO2, thereby significantly influencing CO2‐e estimates.Design/methodology/approach – CO2‐e estimates were made in accordance with the methodology outlined in the Australian National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors and were based on the energy expended for each life cycle activity from audited records. Offsets to the CO2‐e estimate.
Operational Structural Performances of Bridge Materials by Areas

AbstractThis paper evaluates the operational structural performances of the various kinds of bridge construction materials and/or structural designs, considering the deck areas of bridges, rather than their discrete counts. Deck areas represent more objectively the actual constructed capacity in the inventory and the traffic mobility. The study compiles and analyzes the entire bridge inventory in the United States. The analysis uses multiple-criteria diagnostic measures to determine the condition, durability, longevity, and overall equivalent performances. The results provide a comprehensive national network-level comparative basis for bridge material performances at the serviceability limit states. Nearly 99% of all the bridge areas in the inventory have average structural deficiency ages significantly lower than the official life-cycle expectancy. The durability performances indicate that the average service life before structural deficiency is only 42 years. The relatively high condition contrasts with.