Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crust-mantle mechanical coupling in Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern Turkey

Present-day crust-mantle coupling in the Eastern Mediterranean and eastern Turkey is studied using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and seismic anisotropy data. The general trend of the shear wave fast-splitting directions in NE Turkey and Lesser Caucaus align well with the geodetic velocities in an absolute plate motion frame of reference pointing to an effective coupling in this part of the region of weak surface deformation. Farther south, underneath the Bitlis Suture, however, there are significant Pn delays with E-W anisotropy axes indicating significant lateral escape. Meanwhile, the GPS reveals very little surface deformation. This mismatch possibly suggests a decoupling along the suture. In the Aegean, the shear wave anisotropy and the Pn anisotropy directions agree with the extensional component of the right-lateral shear strains except under the Crete Basin and other parts of the southern Aegean Sea. This extensional direction matches perfectly also with the southward pulling force vectors across the Hellenic trench; however, the maximum right-lateral shear directions obtained from the GPS data in the Aegean do not match either of these anisotropies. Seismic anisotropy from Rayleigh waves sampled at 15 s, corresponding to the lower crust, match the maximum right-lateral maximum shear directions from the GPS indicating decoupling between the crust and the mantle. This decoupling most likely results from the lateral variations of the gravitational potential energies and the slab-pull forces.
Air pollution in Reykjavík and dispensation of drugs for angina pectoris

Introduction: Ambient air pollution is associated with increase in morbidity from heart diseases. Air pollutant concentrations in the Reykjavik area are known to exceed official European health limits several times every year. Objectives: To evaluate the association between ambient air concentration of NO 2 , O 3 , PM 10 , and H 2 S in Iceland9s capital area Reykjavik and the dispensation of drugs for angina pectoris. Methods: Data on the daily dispensing of drugs for angina pectoris were obtained from The Icelandic Medicine Registry. Data on hourly concentrations of NO 2 , O 3 , PM 10 , and H 2 S were obtained from The City of Reykjavik, and The Environment Agency of Iceland. A case-crossover design was used and the study period was January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2009. Results: Exposure to air pollution was associated with the dispensing of drugs for cardiovascular disease (C01DA). For every 10 μg/m 3 increase of NO 2 concentration levels the dispensing of glyceril trinitrates (sub-group C01DA02) increased by 11.6% (at lag 0) and 7.1% (at lag 1). Similarly, an increae by 10 μg/m 3 of O 3 concentration was associated with 9.0% (at lag 0) and 7.2% (at lag 1) increase in glyceril trinitrate dispensations. Conclusion: The findings indicate that increased air pollution levels are associated with increased dispensation of glyceril trinitrate. We caution that this is the first study to examine the association between ambient air pollution and dispensation of drugs for angina pectoris, hence further evidence is needed for definite conclusions of this association. Drug dispensing may potentially be a sensitive indicator of health when estimating the effects of air pollution.
Imaging of protein synthesis with puromycin

With great interest, we read the work by Liu et al. (1), which described the development of an alkyne analog of puromycin for labeling and imaging of newly synthesized peptides. Available techniques for this type of measurement are very limited, and the work by Liu et al. (1) claimed that an alternative method, which is based on antipuromycin immunohistochemistry (SUnSET) (2), results in a subcellular localization of nascent peptides that is not consistent with the expected location of newly synthesized proteins [e.g., “antipuromycin staining shows the strongest signal at the plasma membrane” (1)]. For the following reasons, we have serious concerns with this potentially misleading claim. First, the claim is largely based on studies in which azidohomoalanine (Aha)/homopropargylglycine (Hpg) analogs of methionine were used to identify the localization of newly synthesized proteins. However, there is currently … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pierre{at}ciml.univ-mrs.fr. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Detecting tissue-specific regulation of alternative splicing as a qualitative change in microarray data.

Alternative splicing has recently emerged as a major mechanism of regulation in the human genome, occurring in perhaps 40-60% of human genes. Thus, microarray studies of functional regulation could, in principle, be extended to detect not only the changes in the overall expression of a gene, but also changes in its splicing pattern between different tissues. However, since changes in the total expression of a gene and changes in its alternative splicing can be mixed in complex ways among a set of samples, separating these effects can be difficult, and is essential for their accurate assessment. We present a simple and general approach for distinguishing changes in alternative splicing from changes in expression, based on detecting systematic anti-correlation between the log-ratios of two different samples versus a pool containing both samples. We have tested this analysis method on microarray data for five human tissues, generated using a standard microarray platform and experimental protocols shown previously to be sensitive to alternative splicing. Our automatic analysis was able to detect a wide variety of tissue-specific alternative splicing events, such as exon skipping,mutually exclusive exons, alternative 3' and alternative 5' splicing, alternative initiation and alternative termination, all of which were validated by independent reverse-transcriptase PCR experiments, with validation rates of 70-85%. Our analysis method also enables hierarchical clustering of genes and samples by the level of similarity to their alternative splicing patterns, revealing patterns of tissue-specific regulation that are distinct from those obtained by hierarchical clustering of gene expression from the same microarray data. Our data and analysis source code are available from http://www.bioinformatics. ucla.edu/ASAP.
Assessment of Implementation of International Health Regulations (2005) on Preventing Infectious Diseases: A Case Study of Julius Nyerere International Airport, Dar es Salaam.

The International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) is a legal instrument binds all World Health Organization (WHO) Member States in order to prevent and control the Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC). In this connection, the points of entry (POE) have been identified to be potential areas for effective interventions. In the 58th World Health Assembly (WHA) held in Geneva, Switzerland in 2005 WHO Member States agreed to strengthen the identified core capacities including those needed at POE towards the implementation of IHR (2005). Therefore this study intended to assess the implementation status towards the IHR (2005) requirements at Julius Nyerere International Airport (JNIA), Dar es Salaam. To assess the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) in prevention and control of infectious diseases. A cross sectional descriptive study using the qualitative approach conducted at the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), WHO and JNIA. In-depth interviews, focus group discussion (FGD) and documentary reviews were used to obtain the information. Respondents were purposively enrolled. Thematic analysis was used to generate the report. There was correct understanding of the IHR (2005) to some of key decision makers at the MoHSW. Officials at the MoHSW and JNIA were aware of the existing national acts and guidelines used to regulate health issues. Nevertheless they lack mechanisms for information sharing. Tanzania has a total of 42 POE, none of them has been designated to implement IHR (2005). The IHR (2005) implementation at the POE was under various departments uncoordinated. There were clear communication channels at JNIA, which enhanced reliable risk communication. Emergence preparedness and response to public health events at JNIA was far away to be realized since most of crucial issues were not in place. Harmonised public health policies, legislations, guidelines and practice could improve international travel and trade. JNIA was proposed as designated POE to implement IHR (2005).
Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide are mutually dependent in the regulation of angiogenesis and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a unique gasotransmitter, with regulatory roles in the cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Some of the vascular actions of H2S (stimulation of angiogenesis, relaxation of vascular smooth muscle) resemble those of nitric oxide (NO). Although it was generally assumed that H2S and NO exert their effects via separate pathways, the results of the current study show that H2S and NO are mutually required to elicit angiogenesis and vasodilatation. Exposure of endothelial cells to H2S increases intracellular cyclic guanosine 5′-monophosphate (cGMP) in a NO-dependent manner, and activated protein kinase G (PKG) and its downstream effector, the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Inhibition of endothelial isoform of NO synthase (eNOS) or PKG-I abolishes the H2S-stimulated angiogenic response, and attenuated H2S-stimulated vasorelaxation, demonstrating the requirement of NO in vascular H2S signaling. Conversely, silencing of the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase abolishes NO-stimulated cGMP accumulation and angiogenesis and attenuates the acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, indicating a partial requirement of H2S in the vascular activity of NO. The actions of H2S and NO converge at cGMP; though H2S does not directly activate soluble guanylyl cyclase, it maintains a tonic inhibitory effect on PDE5, thereby delaying the degradation of cGMP. H2S also activates PI3K/Akt, and increases eNOS phosphorylation at its activating site S1177. The cooperative action of the two gasotransmitters on increasing and maintaining intracellular cGMP is essential for PKG activation and angiogenesis and vasorelaxation. H2S-induced wound healing and microvessel growth in matrigel plugs is suppressed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of eNOS. Thus, NO and H2S are mutually required for the physiological control of vascular function.
Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation

At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference in Cancun, in November 2010, the Heads of State reached an agreement on the aim of limiting the global temperature rise to 2 °C relative to preindustrial levels. They recognized that long-term future warming is primarily constrained by cumulative anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, that deep cuts in global emissions are required, and that action based on equity must be taken to meet this objective. However, negotiations on emission reduction among countries are increasingly fraught with difficulty, partly because of arguments about the responsibility for the ongoing temperature rise. Simulations with two earth-system models (NCAR/CESM and BNU-ESM) demonstrate that developed countries had contributed about 60–80%, developing countries about 20–40%, to the global temperature rise, upper ocean warming, and sea-ice reduction by 2005. Enacting pledges made at Cancun with continuation to 2100 leads to a reduction in global temperature rise relative to business as usual with a 1/3–2/3 (CESM 33–67%, BNU-ESM 35–65%) contribution from developed and developing countries, respectively. To prevent a temperature rise by 2 °C or more in 2100, it is necessary to fill the gap with more ambitious mitigation efforts.
Self‐Powered Water Splitting Using Flowing Kinetic Energy

By utilizing a water-flow-driven triboelectric nanogenerator, a fully self-powered water-splitting process is demonstrated using the electricity converted from a water flow without additional energy costs. Considering the extremely low costs, the demonstrated approach is universally applicable and practically usable for future water electrolysis, which may initiate a research direction in the field of triboelectrolysis and possibly impacts energy science in general.
Characterization of the interleukin‐17 isoforms and receptors in lesional psoriatic skin

Background Th17 cells are a lineage of proinflammatory T helper cells producing interleukin (IL)‐17. The importance of Th17 cells in inflammation and autoimmunity has now been recognized. The IL‐17 cytokine family consists of six isoforms (IL‐17A–IL‐17F) whereas five members of the IL‐17 receptor (IL‐17R) family have been identified (IL‐17RA–IL‐17RE).
The CYP26 inhibitor R115866 potentiates the effects of all‐trans retinoic acid on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes

Background All‐trans retinoic acid (RA) is known to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and retinoids are used as therapeutic agents in certain dermatological disorders, such as psoriasis and acne. Epidermal expression of the heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) is induced by RA treatment and HB‐EGF is responsible for RA‐mediated epidermal hyperplasia in vivo. RA also induces HB‐EGF expression in cultured keratinocytes and alters their differentiating phenotype. R115866 is a specific inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP26, which is involved in the metabolic inactivation pathway of RA. Thereby, R115866 is thought to be able to increase the intracellular levels of endogenous RA.
Error-prone mammalian female meiosis from silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint without normal interkinetochore tension

It is well established that chromosome segregation in female meiosis I (MI) is error-prone. The acentrosomal meiotic spindle poles do not have centrioles and are not anchored to the cortex via astral microtubules. By Cre recombinase-mediated removal in oocytes of the microtubule binding site of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), which is implicated in anchoring microtubules at poles, we determine that without functional NuMA, microtubules lose connection to MI spindle poles, resulting in highly disorganized early spindle assembly. Subsequently, very long spindles form with hyperfocused poles. The kinetochores of homologs make attachments to microtubules in these spindles but with reduced tension between them and accompanied by alignment defects. Despite this, the spindle assembly checkpoint is normally silenced and the advance to anaphase I and first polar body extrusion takes place without delay. Females without functional NuMA in oocytes are sterile, producing aneuploid eggs with altered chromosome number. These findings establish that in mammalian MI, the spindle assembly checkpoint is unable to sustain meiotic arrest in the presence of one or few misaligned and/or misattached kinetochores with reduced interkinetochore tension, thereby offering an explanation for why MI in mammals is so error-prone.
Seamless Stitching of Graphene Domains on Polished Copper (111) Foil

Seamless stitching of graphene domains on polished copper (111) is proved clearly not only at atomic scale by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and transmission electron micoscopy (TEM), but also at the macroscale by optical microscopy after UV-treatment. Using this concept of seamless stitching, synthesis of 6 cm × 3 cm monocrystalline graphene without grain boundaries on polished copper (111) foil is possible, which is only limited by the chamber size.
On perhexiline and its application to myocardial protection during cardiac surgery

Perhexiline is an anti-anginal drug that is thought to shift myocardial metabolism from \(\beta\)-oxidation of fatty acids to glucose utilisation. An associated improvement in energy efficiency may be beneficial in ischaemia-reperfusion as an adjunct to established techniques for myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. In this thesis, I conduct a prospective double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of oral perhexiline in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery, obtaining samples of serum, right atrium and left ventricle. I measure the concentration of perhexiline using high performance liquid chromatography and find that although highly concentrated in the heart, it may not have reached steady-state in the ventricular myocardium. I perform enzymatic colourimetry and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to detect changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; however, the myocardial metabolic profiles of patients on perhexiline are indistinguishable from controls. On analysing the results of the clinical trial, I find no improvement in the primary endpoint, the incidence of a low cardiac output episode, or any secondary outcomes. I conclude that preoperative oral perhexiline does not improve clinical markers of myocardial protection and despite significant accumulation in the myocardium, it has no significant effect on the measurable metabolic profile of the heart at the time of surgery.
3D Human Motion Tracking and Reconstruction Using DCT Matrix Descriptor

One of the most important issues in human motion analysis is the tracking and 3D reconstruction of human motion, which utilizes the anatomic points' positions. These points can uniquely define the position and orientation of all anatomical segments. In this work, a new method is proposed for tracking and 3D reconstruction of human motion from the image sequence of a monocular static camera. In this method, 2D tracking is used for 3D reconstruction, which a database of selected frames is used for the correction of tracking process. The method utilizes a new image descriptor based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), which is employed in different stages of the algorithm. The advantage of using this descriptor is the capabilities of selecting proper frequency regions in various tasks, which results in an efficient tracking and pose matching algorithms. The tracking and matching algorithms are based on reference descriptor matrixes (RDMs), which are updated after each stage based on the frequency regions in DCT blocks. Finally, 3D reconstruction is performed using Taylor’s method. Experimental results show the promise of the algorithm.
Handedness and Developmental Disorder

Is there any substance to the notion that autism and left handedness are related or that stuttering is a consequence of enforced right handedness? These, and the other controversies that are eloquently discussed in this book, have generated a good deal of heat over the last 60 years. Dorothy Bishop sheds some light. The first half of the book guides us through the background to the subject. We are introduced to the motor learning and interference hypotheses for an advantage of handedness over ambidexterity-and we learn along the way that parrots show some left footedness and gorillas some right handedness. Other chapters discuss the relationship ofhandedness and cerebral lateralisation, genetic theories of handedness, and the normal early development of handedness in human infants. An excellent chapter covers the important issues of definition and measurement. Tests that measure direction of handedness and degree of handedness are compared. Validity, reliability, and sensitivity are lucidly discussed and we are shown how a strong hand preference on a handedness inventory can be consistent with a marginal advantage on proficiency testing and how strength of preference and consistency of preference may be confused. Having demonstrated the anatomy and laid before us the instruments, Dr Bishop leads us, as it were, into the operating theatre. In the second half of the book, the evidence relating handedness and a variety of disordersepilepsy, autism, Rett's syndrome, specific reading, and language disorders among others -is dissected. Paradox and contradiction are shown to arise variously from differences of definition, sample selection, measurement technique, and from conclusions that are not supported by the data presented. She discusses the role of publication bias in generating a momentum for associations that are in fact spurious. She concludes that much of the confusion could be resolved by an awareness of the methodological problems, a theoretical perspective that distinguishes different ways in which handedness and developmental disorder might be linked, and assessment procedures that are able to distinguish between such theories. This book deals with a fascinating subject with wit and clarity. It is not for the bookshelf of the busy general paediatrician, but I would recommend it to those with a strong clinical or research commitment to the developmental disorders of children. It would also be valuable reading for any newly appointed clinical research fellow as the problems Dr Bishop identifies in handedness research have wider repercussions.
Definitions, Protocols and Guidelines in Genetic Hearing Impairment

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this definitions protocols and guidelines in genetic hearing impairments, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Stroke: A Practical Guide to Management

C P Warlow, M S Dennis, J van Gijn, G J Hankey, P A G Sandercock, J M Bamford, J Wardlaw: Blackwell Science, £99.50, pp 664 ISBN 0 865 42874 3 The value of this book was obvious before I had even opened a single page. Clinicians and research fellows kept borrowing the book from my desk, and now every member of the department has acquired a copy. This book's publication is timely. For many years, patients with stroke have suffered from lack of interest and poorly organised services. At worst, they have been relegated to a corner of a ward and neglected. The 664 pages of this book provide ample testimony to the active nature of modern stroke management. Many more doctors interested in stroke are required, and this book should whet …
Pharyngeal mesoderm regulatory network controls cardiac and head muscle morphogenesis

The search for developmental mechanisms driving vertebrate organogenesis has paved the way toward a deeper understanding of birth defects. During embryogenesis, parts of the heart and craniofacial muscles arise from pharyngeal mesoderm (PM) progenitors. Here, we reveal a hierarchical regulatory network of a set of transcription factors expressed in the PM that initiates heart and craniofacial organogenesis. Genetic perturbation of this network in mice resulted in heart and craniofacial muscle defects, revealing robust cross-regulation between its members. We identified Lhx2 as a previously undescribed player during cardiac and pharyngeal muscle development. Lhx2 and Tcf21 genetically interact with Tbx1, the major determinant in the etiology of DiGeorge/velo-cardio-facial/22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Furthermore, knockout of these genes in the mouse recapitulates specific cardiac features of this syndrome. We suggest that PM-derived cardiogenesis and myogenesis are network properties rather than properties specific to individual PM members. These findings shed new light on the developmental underpinnings of congenital defects.