Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Sprint Parameters in Top Speed Interval in 100 m Sprint—A Pilot Study Under Field Conditions

Improving performances in sprinting requires feedback on sprint parameters such as step length and step time. However, these parameters from the top speed interval (TSI) are difficult to collect in a competition setting. Recent advances in tracking technology allows to provide positional data with high spatio-temporal resolution. This pilot study, therefore, aims to automatically obtain general sprint parameters, parameters characterizing, and derived from TSI from raw speed. In addition, we propose a method for obtaining the intra-cyclic speed amplitude in TSI. We analyzed 32 100 m-sprints of 7 male and 9 female athletes (18.9 ± 2.8 years; 100 m PB 10.55–12.41 s, respectively, 12.18–13.31 s). Spatio-temporal data was collected with a radio-based position detection system (RedFIR, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany). A general velocity curve was fitted to the overall speed curve (vbase), TSI (upper quintile of vbase values) was determined and a cosine term was added to vbase within TSI (vcycle) to capture the cyclic nature of speed. This allowed to derive TSI parameters including TSI amplitude from the fitted parameters of the cosine term. Results showed good approximation for vbase (error: 5.0 ± 1.0%) and for vcycle (2.0 ± 1.0%). For validation we compared spatio-temporal TSI parameters to criterion values from laser measurement (speed) and optoelectric systems (step time and step length) showing acceptable RMSEs for mean speed (0.08 m/s), for step time (0.004 s), and for step length (0.03 m). Top speed interval amplitude showed a significant difference between males (mean: 1.41 m/s) and females (mean: 0.71 m/s) and correlations showed its independence from other sprint parameters. Gender comparisons for validation revealed the expected differences. This pilot study investigated the feasibility of estimating sprint parameters from high-quality tracking data. The proposed method is independent of the data source and allows to automatically obtain general sprint parameters and TSI parameters, including TSI amplitude assessed here for the first time in a competition-like setting.
Weak Association Between the Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Gene (GAD1) and Schizophrenia in Han Chinese Population

Objectives Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with high heritability, and genetic components are thought to be pivotal risk factors for this illness. The glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene (GAD1) was hypothesized to be a candidate risk locus for SZ given its crucial role in the GABAergic neurotransmission system, and previous studies have examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the GAD1 gene with SZ. However, inconsistent results were obtained. We hence examined the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ in two independent case-control samples of Han Chinese ancestry. Materials and Methods Two Han Chinese SZ case-control samples, referred as the discovery sample and the replication sample, respectively, were recruited for the current study. The discovery sample comprised of 528 paranoid SZ cases (with age of first onset ≥ 18) and 528 healthy controls; the independent replication sample contained 1,256 early onset SZ cases (with age of first onset < 18) and 2,661 healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ. Results Ten SNPs covering GAD1 gene were analyzed in the discovery sample, and two SNPs showed nominal associations with SZ (rs2241165, P = 0.0181, OR = 1.261; rs2241164, P = 0.0225, OR = 1.219). SNP rs2241164 was also nominally significant in the independent replication sample (P = 0.0462, OR = 1.110), and the significance became stronger in a subsequent meta-analysis combining both discovery and replication samples (P = 0.00398, OR = 1.138). Nevertheless, such association could not survive multiple corrections, although the effect size of rs2241164 was comparable with other SZ risk loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Han Chinese population. We also examined the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ in published datasets of SZ GWAS in East Asians and Europeans, and no significant associations were observed. Conclusion We observed weak associations between GAD1 SNPs and risk of SZ in Han Chinese populations. Further analyses in larger Han Chinese samples with more detailed phenotyping are necessary to elucidate the genetic correlation between GAD1 SNPs and SZ.
Attenuation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain ES-2 and Comparative Genomic Analysis of ES-2 and Its Attenuated Form ES-2L

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes swine respiratory disease worldwide. Due to the difficulty of isolating and cultivating M. hyopneumoniae, very few attenuated strains have been successfully isolated, which hampers the development of attenuated vaccines. In order to produce an attenuated M. hyopneumoniae strain, we used the highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain ES-2, which was serially passaged in vitro 200 times to produce the attenuated strain ES-2L, and its virulence was evidenced to be low in an animal experiment. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying virulence attenuation, we performed whole-genome sequencing of both strains and conducted comparative genomic analyses of strain ES-2 and its attenuated form ES-2L. Strain ES-2L showed three large fragment deletion regions including a total of 18 deleted genes, compared with strain ES-2. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels indicated that 22 dels were located in 19 predicted coding sequences. In addition to these indels, 348 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified between strains ES-2L and ES-2. These SNVs mapped to 99 genes where they appeared to induce amino acid substitutions and translation stops. The deleted genes and SNVs may be associated with decreased virulence of strain ES-2L. Our work provides a foundation for further examining virulence factors of M. hyopneumoniae and for the development of attenuated vaccines.
Younger Adults Performed 467 Fewer Sit-to-Stand Trials, Accompanied by Small Changes in Muscle Activation and Voluntary Force

Background: Repetitive sit-to-stand (rSTS) is a fatigue perturbation model to examine the age-effects on adaptability in posture and gait, yet the age-effects on muscle activation during rSTS per se are unclear. We examined the effects of age and exhaustive rSTS on muscle activation magnitude, onset, and duration during ascent and descent phases of the STS task
Variability in STEM Summer Bridge Programs: Associations with Belonging and STEM Self-Efficacy

To address the challenges facing racial minority students majoring in STEM during the transition from high school to college, NSF funded Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) programs throughout the country implement summer bridge programs. Bridge programs vary in their focus on professional development, academic support, research experiences, social activities, and in other areas, but all share an intention to support students during their transition to college. Beyond retention, little is known about how these varied summer bridge experiences impact student outcomes in the first year of college. This study first describes the variability in the summer bridge programs in the Alabama LSAMP Alliance and then examines how differences in students’ satisfaction with their experiences are associated with feelings of belonging and STEM self-efficacy, two factors associated with STEM retention. Students (N = 145) who attended an LSAMP summer bridge program were surveyed at three time points over the first year of college. Findings indicated that bridge programs varied in their offering of academic classes, academic support (e.g., study skills), research experiences, professional development, and planned social activities. Students attending HBCUs scored more favorably than students at PWIs on some measures; however, these differences could be accounted for by satisfaction with bridge experiences. Satisfaction with specific aspects of the bridge programs, especially orientation activities and getting to know other students, were associated with feelings of belonging and STEM self-efficacy. These relations were stronger for belonging. Over the course of the academic year, the relations between bridge satisfaction and belonging and self-efficacy weakened.
Clinical Significance of Peritoneal Fluid Examination for Free Cancer Cells in Patients Qualified for Surgery for Gastric Cancer

Background: Peritoneal lavage cytology in patients with gastric cancer may correlate with an unfavorable prognosis. This study evaluated the presence of free cancer cells in the peritoneal lavage of a population of patients with gastric cancer and its correlation with the outcome of surgical treatment. Methods: One hundred patients diagnosed with gastric or gastrointestinal junction adenocarcinoma underwent surgery. In all patients, a cytological and immunohistochemical analysis of peritoneal lavage was performed. Based on the presence of free cancer cells (fcc) at the cytological and immunohistochemical examination of peritoneal lavage, patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer were divided into two groups: fcc (+) and fcc (–). Results: A total of 100 patients, 37 women, and 63 men with a median age of 65 years were included in the study. In the entire study group, 16 (16%) patients were positive for the presence of free cancer cells (fcc +) at peritoneal lavage examination. However, in the group of patients who underwent gastrectomy, fcc (+) was found in 10 out of 77 (13%) patients. The presence of cancer cells in peritoneal lavage was a strong predictive factor in an unfavorable outcome after surgery, and 1-year and 2-year patient survival was 34 and 0% in fcc (+) patients and 79 and 59% in fcc (–), respectively. Moreover, the presence of free cancer cells was associated with a five-fold increased risk of death within 2 years after surgery. When analyzing the group of patients undergoing R0/R1 surgery, this difference was even more significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal lavage may significantly affect the outcome of patients with gastric cancer. Radical surgery in patients with free cancer cells in the peritoneal lavage did not result in a survival advantage. Identification of free cancer cells could help for a better stratification of gastric cancer patients, identifying those patients who could better benefit from a radical surgical treatment, finally improving long-term survival.
Evaluating the Performance of qVFM in Mapping the Visual Field of Simulated Observers With Eye Diseases

Purpose Recently, we developed a novel active learning framework, qVFM, to map visual functions in the visual field. The method has been implemented and validated in measuring light sensitivity and contrast sensitivity visual field maps (VFMs) of normal observers. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the qVFM method in mapping the light sensitivity VFM of simulated patients with peripheral scotoma, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataract. Methods For each simulated patient, we sampled 100 locations (60 × 60 degrees) of the visual field and compared the performance of the qVFM method with a procedure that tests each location independently (the qYN method) in a cued Yes/No task. Two different switch modules, the distribution sampling method (DSM) and parameter delivering method (PDM), were implemented in the qVFM method. Simulated runs of 1,200 trials were used to compare the accuracy and precision of the qVFM-DSM, qVFM-PDM and qYN methods. Results The qVFM method with both switch modules can provide accurate, precise, and efficient assessments of the light sensitivity VFM for the simulated patients, with the qVFM-PDM method better at detecting VFM deficits in the simulated glaucoma. Conclusions The qVFM method can be used to characterize residual vision of simulated ophthalmic patients. The study sets the stage for further investigation with real patients and potential translation of the method into clinical practice.
Did the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Modify the Influence of Neighbourhood Disorder on Psychological Distress? Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study

Background: National lockdown in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic severely restricted the mobility of residents and increased time spent in their residential neighbourhoods. This is a unique opportunity to understand how an exogenous factor that reduces mobility may influence the association between neighbourhood social environment and mental health. This study investigates whether the COVID-19 lockdown may modify the effect of neighbourhood disorder on psychological distress. Methods: We tracked changes in psychological distress, using the UK household longitudinal survey across the pre-COVID and lockdown periods in 16,535 adults. Neighbourhood disorder was measured along two subscales: social stressors and property crime. Fixed-effects regression was used to evaluate whether the widespread reduction in mobility modifies the association between the subscales of neighbourhood disorder and psychological distress. Results: The effect of neighbourhood social stressors on psychological distress was stronger in the lockdown period compared to the pre-COVID period. Compared to the pre-COVID period, the effect of being in neighbourhoods with the highest social stressors (compared to the lowest) on psychological distress increased by 20% during the lockdown. Meanwhile, the effect of neighbourhood property crime on mental health did not change during the lockdown. Conclusion: The sudden loss of mobility as a result of COVID-19 lockdown is a unique opportunity to address the endogeneity problem as it relates to mobility and locational preferences in the study of neighbourhood effects on health. Vulnerable groups who have limited mobility are likely more sensitive to neighbourhood social stressors compared to the general population.
Carbon Exchange and Accumulation in an Orinoco High Plains Native Savanna Ecosystem as Measured by Eddy Covariance

Savanna ecosystems cover ∼20% of the total land surface and account for ∼30% of the terrestrial global net primary production. They are also highly sensitive to climate change, since their carbon (C) sink capacity may decline under rising temperatures and irregular rainfall. These responses, which will define the future climate role of the savanna ecosystems, are currently not well understood. The Colombian Orinoco River basin (“Llanos”) natural savannas are being rapidly converted to agriculture. The impact of this transformation on C fluxes and accumulation is not clear. It is thus urgent to understand the Llanos natural savanna ecosystem services, including their C cycle and underlying mechanisms. Here we report and analyze 2 years of measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes from a naturally-restored (secondary) Llanos High Plains savanna ecosystem, using eddy covariance. Meteorological conditions, particularly rainfall, were quite variable during the measurement period. During the first year of measurements, the savanna was a weak carbon source (35 gC m−2), while during the second year, the system was a comparatively strong carbon sink (−273 gC m−2), despite receiving less rainfall than during the first year. As expected, the savanna net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was highly dependent on global solar radiation, soil water content, and ecosystem respiration. We found that after ∼10 days of nominal drought, i.e., with less than ∼5 mm/day of precipitation, the NEE became highly dependent on drought duration. The ecosystem reached a critical condition of low photosynthetic activity after ∼60 days of nominal drought. Based on these findings, we developed and applied a simple standard meteorology-based model that properly reproduced the observations. Our results indicate that a shift to a climate with similar total precipitation but split into extreme dry and wet seasons might eventually suppress the savanna C uptake capacity.
Studies on Influence Factors of Protein Two-dimensional Electrophoresis in Prunus persica Fruit

Peach (Prunus persica L.‘Okubao’)fruit was adopted in this experiment. Comparing different effects of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)gels that were involved with quantitative loading of sample, sample buffer, equilibration buffer and the type of staining to explore influence factors of 2-DE patterns on peach fruit. Although the two-dimensional gel stained by coomassie brilliant blue had gained less protein spots than the gel stained by silver, it had a clear background intensity and was applicable to the proteomic study. Furthermore, approximately 100 μg of protein was brought to a final volume of 375 μL sample buffer which contained thiourea and sulfphobetaine 3-10 and loaded on 17 cm immobilized pH gradients strip, then the strip was incubated in equilibration buffer with tributyl phosphine after isoelectric focusing. The two-dimensional gel stained by silver detected 1 209 protein spots and had slight streaks. The results demonstrated that the protocol was suited to proteomic analysis of peach fruit and compatibled with protein identification by mass spectrometry of downstream processing.
PRBM_A_301286 467..481

School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Purpose: On the basis of stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, this study extends the work of Lee and Kwon by examining the concept of perceived usefulness as a mediator between emotional interaction (familiarity and intimacy) and purchase intention. The consumer purchase decision model, in which product type plays a moderating role in the linking mechanism, is also explored. Methods: We proposed a consumer purchase decision model, and empirically examined it by means of an online questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with bootstrapping estimation were conducted using the data obtained from 269 social commerce users. Results: Familiarity and intimacy positively affected the users’ purchase intention in social commerce. Perceived usefulness mediated the relationship between emotional interaction and purchase intention. Moreover, product type moderated the following relationships: between familiarity and purchase intention, between intimacy and purchase intention, and between perceived usefulness and purchase intention. Conclusion: The results support this study’s hypotheses and SOR theory. Purchase intention could be enhanced by improving emotional interaction and perceived usefulness.
Expecting Finest Response in Public Question Answering Scheme Using Algorithm

— Community question answering sites are eminent online community that have bring along users to another milestone of knowledge provision to let the users ask queries. There are number of increasing questions that get posted but may not get fixed in short amount of time as domain expert may not find questions that he/she is capable of answering and also finding the best answer among multiple answers is another challenge. Hence, we propose a new technique to question routing system using text classification Naive Bayes algorithm and Natural Language Processing technique. This system provides technical and non-technical communities both. Every community have experts provided, which will answer the questions routed to them. Propose system mainly works on ranking of answers and ratings given by user to find the best answer. Ranking is achieved through ratings given by the users. In some of conditions unsatisfied answers on system get resolve by online forum with direct communication between the expert and user.
Translation vs Post-editing of NMT Output: Measuring effort in the English-Greek language pair

Machine Translation (MT) has been increasingly used in industrial translation production scenarios thanks to the development of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models and the improvement of MT output, especially at the level of fluency. In particular, in an effort to speed up the translation process and reduce costs, MT output is used as raw translation to be subsequently post-edited by translators. However, post-editing (PE) has been found to differ from both human translation and revision of human translation in terms of the cognitive processes and the practical goals and processes employed. In addition, translators remain sceptical towards PE and question its real benefits. The paper seeks to investigate the effort required for full PE and compare it with the effort required for manual translation, focusing on the English-Greek language pair and NMT output. In particular, eye-tracking and keystroke logging data are used to measure the effort expended by translators while translating from scratch and the effort required while post-editing the NMT output. The findings indicate that the effort is lower when post-editing than when translating from scratch, while they also suggest that experience in PE plays a role.
Towards Generating Software Systems From Legacy Code: Gathering Associations From Smalltalk Software

Generating programming code out of models is a useful approach towards maintainable software systems, yet legacy systems have often no models at all. There are multiple ways to partially automate or aid the process of generating models out of legacy code, yet there is one kind of object-oriented programming languages substantially harder to transform – dynamically typed languages. While statically typed languages enforce programmers to explicitly state the data types of various elements, dynamically typed languages do not, presenting signiﬁcant dif-ﬁculties when gathering associations between classes. This paper presents an ongoing eﬀort towards dealing with gathering associations by combining various type inference techniques and tools and how the authors aim to use UML models as a transition form between origin and destination programming languages, producing UML models as useful byproducts. Pharo – Smalltalk-based dynamically typed programming language is used as a case study.
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) juice concentration by forward osmosis

ABSTRACT The concentration of jaboticaba juice by forward osmosis (FO) was evaluated. The statistical analysis showed that brine concentration and flow rate presented significant effect (p < 0.05) on water permeate flux, and only the brine concentration affected (p < 0.05) the salt transport. It was found that FO preserved the anthocyanin content and its antioxidant properties, although transport of sodium was observed in the reconstituted juice when it was concentrated by FO, reaching values of 12.9 mg of sodium equivalent per litre of juice. Thus, results indicate that FO is an interesting alternative to be used as a pre-treatment for concentration of liquid foods.