Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Building Object Detection Methods Using Remote Sensing Images

Automatic buildings detection from very high resolution (VHR) satellite images is the recent exploration hotspot in remote sensing images. In this work presents a different method to detect the buildings by atomization of the training area collecting stage aimed at supervised classification. The classification process for the exploration of satellite image built on Pixel Intensity Clustering Algorithm. This method engagements the multi-spectral remote sensing information system to discover spectral signature of different objects such as land cover classification, vegetation, rural and urban areas, road structure, concrete structure, rocky areas and remaining areas presented in the image. In the testing, the proposed SVM framework outperformed for the three (Linear SVM, Cubic SVM, Medium Gaussian SVM) methods tested. SVM is trained complete supervised learning to classify to each location in the image as “buildings” or “Non-buildings”. Finally, SVM algorithm to find the accuracy value, training time and receiver operating characteristic curves towards estimate detection performance, and equate the proposed algorithm with few existing methods.
A unique synthesis of a well-defined block copolymer having alternating segments constituted by maleic anhydride and styrene and the self-assembly aggregating behavior thereof

A unique synthesis of a well-defined block copolymer having alternating maleic anhydride(MAn)/styrene(St) segments and PSt segments was achieved via radical addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization and the self-assembly aggregating behavior of its hydrolyzed amphiphilic product in water was demonstrated.
Regularity analysis for an abstract thermoelastic system with inertial term

In this paper, we provide a complete regularity analysis for the following abstract thermoelastic system with inertial term [see formula in PDF] where A is a self-adjoint, positive definite operator on a complex Hilbert space H and [see formula in PDF] It is regarded as the second part of Fernández Sare et al. [J. Diff. Eqs. 267 (2019) 7085–7134]. where the asymptotic stability of this model was investigated. We are able to decompose the region E into three parts where the associated semigroups are analytic, of Gevrey classes of specific order, and non-smoothing, respectively. Moreover, by a detailed spectral analysis, we will show that the orders of Gevrey class are sharp, under proper conditions. We also show that the orders of polynomial stability obtained in Fernández Sare et al. [J. Diff. Eqs. 267 (2019) 7085–7134] are optimal.
CAX1a TILLING Mutations Modify the Hormonal Balance Controlling Growth and Ion Homeostasis in Brassica rapa Plants Subjected to Salinity

Salinity is a serious issue for crops, as it causes remarkable yield losses. The accumulation of Na+ affects plant physiology and produces nutrient imbalances. Plants trigger signaling cascades in response to stresses in which phytohormones and Ca2+ are key components. Cation/H+ exchangers (CAXs) transporters are involved in Ca2+ fluxes in cells. Thus, enhanced CAX activity could improve tolerance to salinity stress. Using the TILLING (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) technique, three Brassica rapa mutants were generated through a single amino acidic modification in the CAX1a transporter. We hypothesized that BraA.cax1a mutations could modify the hormonal balance, leading to improved salinity tolerance. To test this hypothesis, the mutants and the parental line R-o-18 were grown under saline conditions (150 mM NaCl), and leaf and root biomass, ion concentrations, and phytohormone profile were analyzed. Under saline conditions, BraA.cax1a-4 mutant plants increased growth compared to the parental line, which was associated with reduced Na+ accumulation. Further, it increased K+ concentration and changed the hormonal balance. Specifically, our results show that higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) concentrations in mutant plants could promote growth under saline conditions, while abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and jasmonic acid (JA) led to better signaling stress responses and water use efficiency. Therefore, CAX1 mutations directly influence the hormonal balance of the plant controlling growth and ion homeostasis under salinity. Thus, Ca2+ signaling manipulation can be used as a strategy to improve salinity tolerance in breeding programs.
NLFM pulse radar for drone detection using predistortion technique

The development of radar technology for the detection of small drones is getting attention of researchers. In this work, the detection of drones using Ku-band radar system has been discussed. We have utilized the advantage of nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveform for the suppression of range sidelobes. The performance and sensitivity of a radar system can be related with the linearity of system response. Here, we have made an effort to minimize non-linearity in the radar system response by using digital predistortion method. In this method, amplitude weighting coefficients have been calculated based on the received data. We have used FPGA-based transceiver for intermediate frequency (IF) signal generation and data acquisition, along with Ku-band up-down converters. The radar system was first calibrated for desired frequency band using amplitude predistortion method. In this article, experiment results for the detection of single drone and two drones using NLFM pulse signal are presented.
Parity-Time Symmetry and Exceptional Points for Flexural-Gravity Waves in Buoyant Thin-Plates

We derive and apply a transfer matrix method (M-matrix) coupling liquid surface waves and flexural-gravity waves in buoyant thin elastic plates. We analyze the scattering matrix (S-matrix) formalism for such waves propagating within a Fabry-Perot like system, which are solutions of a sixth order partial differential equation (PDE) supplied with adequate boundary conditions. We develop a parity-time (PT)-symmetry theory and its applications to thin elastic floating plates. The sixth order PDE governing the propagation of these waves leads to six by six M and S matrices, and results in specific physical properties of the PT-symmetric elastic plate systems. We show the effect of geometry and gain/loss on the asymmetric propagation of flexural-gravity waves, as well as a Fano-like line-shape of the reflection signature. Importantly, we show the possibility of obtaining coherent perfect absorber-laser (CPAL) using simple thin structures.
A two-decade record of variations in suspended sediment in the Warta River, a lowland river in western Poland

Fluctuations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has been investigated in the Warta River (western Poland), based on data obtained for the period 1961–1980 from three gauge stations located in upstream, middle-stream and downstream areas. Over the two decades, the SSC values demonstrated wide fluctuations and an overall increase at each gauge station. No significant correlation was generally observed between SSC and discharge but high SSC was found to follow low discharge and increasing temperature during the summer seasons in some years. Measurements of SSC and discharge were used to estimate total annual suspended sediment load (SSL). SSL values were found to increase downstream along with an increase in discharge. SSC decreases along the river course. However, when it comes to changes over time, SSL variability was mainly determined by SSC changes. The maximum SSC values were primarily caused by anthropogenic factors: the disposal of mine wastewater upstream, river training works, increased urbanisation and the intensification of sewage disposal. Where the river catchment has been greatly affected by anthropogenic factors, a denudation index calculated solely based on SSC and discharge does not appear to reflect the actual denudation rate, and must be treated with caution.
Does Stewardship Theory Provide a Viable Alternative to Control-Fixated Performance Management?

Stewardship theory provides an interesting alternative to agency theory, which in the recent New Public Management era supported the introduction of rigorous performance management systems based on generalized mistrust in and control of public employees. However, we lack empirical validation of the feasibility and positive outcomes of the new forms of trust-based management recommended by stewardship theory. As such, there are few examples of alternative ways of boosting the motivation of public employees that can serve as beacons for public service organizations (PSOs) eager to find new ways of motivating their staff to create public value for the users of public services and society as a whole. This article aims to remedy this problem by exploring a seemingly successful empirical case of trust-based management to see whether the core principles of stewardship theory apply and how new management practices may influence the motivation and well-being of the employees, the perceived satisfaction and involvement of the users, and overall organizational performance, including cost efficiency.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of irradiated Salmonella Gallinarum against homologous challenge infection in Bovans brown chickens

Fowl typhoid is a systemic poultry disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). It is responsible for significant economic loss, due to its severe morbidity and mortality. An irradiated vaccine is one of the possible alternatives to prevent and control fowl typhoid. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of irradiated SG using a randomized control trial in chicken. A field strain of SG was exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation to determine its effect on the viability of SG. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed by administering irradiated SG orally to 3 groups (5 each) of 5 weeks old Bovans brown chickens at 2400, 2500, and 2600 gray (Gy). The protective efficacy of 108colony forming units (CFU) of SG irradiated at 2400 Gy administered orally and subcutaneously was then evaluated using homologous challenge infection and compared with SG 9R commercial vaccine using 40, 5-week old Bovans brown chickens where the chickens were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Chickens in Group 1were exposed to 108 CFU of irradiated SG orally; Group 2 to the same dose subcutaneously; Group 3 to SG 9R strain commercial vaccine subcutaneously, Group 4 to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) orally. Data related to survival, antibody response, and pathological lesions were recorded. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine for statistical significance. Irradiation at 2600 Gy caused complete inactivation of SG whereas SG exposed to 2400 Gy showed better immunogenicity and was safe for chickens. Antibody response in a group of chickens vaccinated with irradiated SG administered subcutaneously (SC) was significantly higher than those vaccinated with the SG 9R vaccine on day 7 (p=0.003) and day 14 (p=0.002) post-immunization. Comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy based on the mortality rate of chickens after challenge showed that 2400 Gy irradiated SG vaccine administered SC and SG 9R vaccine-induced equal protection of 50% while the irradiated vaccine administered orally protected only 10% of chickens against homologous challenge infection. SG was not isolated from the liver, spleen, and feces of chickens that survived challenge infection until the end of the experiment. Irradiated SG administered SC is shown to be a promising vaccine against fowl typhoid. Further studies using a large sample size involving tuning of irradiation dose to improve immunogenicity and use of booster vaccination are recommended. Keywords: Chicken; Fowl typhoid; Gamma irradiation; Salmonella Gallinarum; Vaccine
Sustainable Rural Electrification Through Solar PV DC Microgrids—An Architecture-Based Assessment

Solar photovoltaic (PV) direct current (DC) microgrids have gained significant popularity during the last decade for low cost and sustainable rural electrification. Various system architectures have been practically deployed, however, their assessment concerning system sizing, losses, and operational efficiency is not readily available in the literature. Therefore, in this research work, a mathematical framework for the comparative analysis of various architectures of solar photovoltaic-based DC microgrids for rural applications is presented. The compared architectures mainly include (a) central generation and central storage architecture, (b) central generation and distributed storage architecture, (c) distributed generation and central storage architecture, and (d) distributed generation and distributed storage architecture. Each architecture is evaluated for losses, including distribution losses and power electronic conversion losses, for typical power delivery from source end to the load end in the custom village settings. Newton–Raphson method modified for DC power flow was used for distribution loss analysis, while power electronic converter loss modeling along with the Matlab curve-fitting tool was used for the evaluation of power electronic losses. Based upon the loss analysis, a framework for DC microgrid components (PV and battery) sizing was presented and also applied to the various architectures under consideration. The case study results show that distributed generation and distributed storage architecture with typical usage diversity of 40% is the most feasible architecture from both system sizing and operational cost perspectives and is 13% more efficient from central generation and central storage architecture for a typical village of 40 houses. The presented framework and the analysis results will be useful in selecting an optimal DC microgrid architecture for future rural electrification implementations.
INVESTİGATİON OF ZONULA OCCLUDENS-1 PROTEİN LEVEL İN RECTUM TİSSUE AFTER RADİOTHERAPY

The transmembrane protein zonula occludens of rectal tissue has function to prevents the spread of bacterial toxins into the intestinal mucosa and to systemic circulation. But radiotherapy causes ablation of crypt cell proliferation, mitotic catastrophe, and apoptosis leading to gastrointestinal mucositis. We investigated the acute radiation effect on gastrointestinal mucosa of rectum tissue thickness with immunohistochemistry method for zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein in animal model. A total of 24 healthy Swiss Albino mice were divided into 4 groups, and except control group the groups of 1–3 was exposed to 500 cGy total body irradiation. All rectum tissue samples were taken from the groups of control, 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h after irradiation and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histochemical examination, and for immunohistochemical staining with anti ZO-1 polyclonal antibody. We observed edema especially in the groups 2 and 3 but not in group 1. Immunohistochemical examination of staining of rectum tissue samples for ZO-1 showed poor staining for control group (1.48 ± 0.06) and group 1 (1.38 ± 0.09) and group 2 (1.50 ± 0.01) but the group 3 (2.12 ± 0.04) samples showed moderate ZO-1 immunostaining. It was found that the amount and thickness of ZO-1 expression increased in the late period for more than 24 hours. The comparison of the values of ZO-1 between the group 3 which is the group in the late period after radiation exposure and control group or group 1 or group 2, showed statistically significant differences (p <0.001). It was concluded that ZO-1 protein may have a role in the side effects of radiation injury, and the understanding of cellular and molecular activity will help us to develop pharmacological modulators to mitigate or treat the injury.
Absolute calibration of a flame photometric detector to volatile sulfur compounds at sub-part-per-million levels

Permeation tubes were used to obtain an absolute calibration of flame photometric detector (FPD) to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and carbon disulfide. Response data was obtained from 0.001 to 10 ppm. for each compound. Preliminary experiments with FPD as an ambient air sulfur dioxide monitor indicated that the detector has potential utility as a continuous monitoring device.
Systematic Comparative Study of Selected Antibiotics and Sulphur/ Medicinal Plant Mediated Nano-particles against Non-Leguminous Endophytic Bacteria and Clinical Isolates

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to the menace of resistant bacteria. Green synthesized nanoparticle (NPs) of medicinal plant based as become an alternative way out Original Research Article Osuntokun et al.; JALSI, 23(10): 43-56, 2020; Article no.JALSI. 61516 44 to total eradication of resistant microorganisms, Therefore, the search for new, effective bactericidal agents is imminent significantly, for combating drug resistance microorganism. This research work aims to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from five non-leguminous plants, namely Carica papaya, Helianthus annuus, Talinum fruticosum, Phoenix dactylifera, and Solanum lycopersicum. The surface of the plants were sterilized, Isolation, characterization and identification using biochemical characterization of the endophytic bacteria were examined according to Bergey’s manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The sulfur/medicinal plant mediated Nanoparticle with and without Ocimum gratissimum were tested against the endophytic bacteria and selected clinical isolates, for their antimicrobial susceptibility test as described Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method. SNP1 was prepared from sodium thiosulfate penthahydrate, citric acid, with fresh leaves of O. gratissimum and characterized by using Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer UV-3100 with a MPCF-3100 sample compartment while SNP2 was prepared using the same method but without O. gratissimum. The endophyte showed resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics family and SNP2, while all the endophytic bacteria were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), pefloxacin (100%). Streptococcus infectinalis and Cellumonas flavigena showed high susceptibility to sulfur/ plant nanoparticle mediated with Ocimum gratissimum extract (SNP1). The study showed that sulfur/medicinal plant mediated nanoparticle can be a promising antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic and multiple drug resistance bacteria including both clinical isolates, its uses and practice should be encouraged especially against multiple drug resistance bacteria.
Stochastic distributed optimization of shapeable energy resources in low voltage distribution networks under limited communications

Due to the rising renewable penetration rate, modern low voltage distribution network (LVDN) calls for active control with tractable computation and limited communication. To tackle this, the paper proposes a novel stochastic distributed optimization approach. The computation of optimum is completely decentralized, with a global broadcast signal is used as public reference in order to guarantee the consistency among individual shapeable energy resources. The proposed approach employs Bernoulli trials to imitate the searching process in classical gradient descent approach, and player compatible relationship is employed to play the role of gradients to indicate the direction of the search. Working in a model‐free manner without relying on iterations, the proposed approach offers an approximate optimization to minimize the accumulated compensation of reshaping/deferring the shapeable energy resources in a given LVDN while respecting the system constraints. A 103 nodes test network based on a realistic Belgian semi‐urban distribution network is used for validation. With two different profiles and a special case of communication failure, the proposed approach is validated and benchmarked with a classical AC optimal power flow algorithm. The results prove that the proposed approach is able to deliver a good approximation to the theoretical optimum with reasonable gap.
Transitioning gender, transitioning race: Transgender people and multiracial positionality.

Background: While research on trans People of Color's experiences has been increasing in recent years, this intersectional work has often not included a focus on the specificities of multiracial and multiethnic trans experiences. Aims: This study explores shifts in racial identity by multiracial/multiethnic trans people as they transition gender and the ways Whiteness and nationalist ideology shape their racialized gender experiences. Methods: This paper is based on six in-depth, semi-structured interviews with self-identified multiracial, multiethnic, and multi-heritage trans people in the USA. Data collection centered participants' experiences of self-identification and interactions with others (e.g., family, acquaintances, and strangers). Results: As participants transitioned gender and were acknowledged by others in their gender identity, shifts in their embodiment were used by others to ascribe a new racialized gender. This often resulted in participants reflecting on their sense of self and racialized gender identities in new ways. Discussion: Multiracial and multiethnic transgender people's experiences in transitioning race confirm the importance of intersectional analysis, reveal the intersectional fluidity of social categories, explicate how social understandings of one category (e.g., race) influence another category (e.g., gender), demonstrate that the meanings associated with racialized gender are based in relations of power, and show that, in transgender studies particularly, we must attend to the ways that the concept of transition implicates not only gender, but also other categories such as race and nationality.
“I feel your pain”: The effect of displaying empathy on political candidate evaluation

Two experiments demonstrate that highly empathetic messages conveyed by a political candidate produce more favorable attitudes and increase the likelihood individuals will vote for the political candidate. Study 1 revealed this Empathetic Communication Effect is stronger among female political candidates than male. Compared to male candidates, female candidates are evaluated more positively when they engage in empathetic language but are more harshly penalized when they fail to display empathy. An analogous pattern emerged for candidate party in Study 2. Namely, the Empathetic Communication Effect is stronger among Democratic political candidates than Republican political candidates. Results also explore the impact of empathetic rhetoric on perceptions of candidates’ socio-emotionality and instrumentality.
3D convolutional siamese network for few-shot hyperspectral classification

Abstract. Hyperspectral classification is a widely discussed problem in the remote sensing field. Many researchers have reported good results of hyperspectral classification. However, when applied to the real world, the strong demand for labeled data for hyperspectral classification will be a big obstacle. To address this problem, researchers have explored few-shot learning and semisupervised methods in a variety of papers. We propose a siamese network composed of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks named 3DCSN. We design a structure for 3DCSN that combines contrast information with label information and get a satisfying classification result. With only a few labeled samples, it performs better than the baseline methods. Moreover, it is an end-to-end network that can use joint training. The experiments indicate the great potential of our method.