Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nearly second-order asymptotic optimality of sequential change-point detection with one-sample updates

Sequential change-point detection when the distribution parameters are unknown is a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning. When the post-change parameters are unknown, we consider a set of detection procedures based on sequential likelihood ratios with non-anticipating estimators constructed using online convex optimization algorithms such as online mirror descent, which provides a more versatile approach to tackle complex situations where recursive maximum likelihood estimators cannot be found. When the underlying distributions belong to a exponential family and the estimators satisfy the logarithm regret property, we show that this approach is nearly second-order asymptotically optimal. This means that the upper bound for the false alarm rate of the algorithm (measured by the average-run-length) meets the lower bound asymptotically up to a log-log factor when the threshold tends to infinity. Our proof is achieved by making a connection between sequential change-point and online convex optimization and leveraging the logarithmic regret bound property of online mirror descent algorithm. Numerical and real data examples validate our theory.
Map building with radar and motion sensors for automated highway vehicle navigation

Our long term goal is to integrate the position-based navigation with visual road following in order to build a more robust and reliable road navigation system. In this paper, we describe the first part of the project: constructing a navigation system that can build maps of highways and landmarks, and use those feature for position-based navigation. Speed and yaw rate gyro sensors are used for vehicle motion detection, and a millimeter wave radar system is used for landmark detection. To achieve position estimation and error correction, we use an extended Kalman filter. First, a map is built without previous knowledge of landmarks while human drives the vehicle. Then, at the stage of autonomous navigation, the previously produced map is used for position estimation. The experimental results show that a map produced by the proposed method can be used for later navigation, and that vehicle position is estimated accurately.
Crystals of ribosomal protein L1 from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii

Crystallographic studies of ribosomal proteins from bacteria progressed rapidly during the last decade, though the structures of ribosomal proteins from other kingdoms have not yet been published. Here we describe crystalls of archaeal ribosomal protein L1 from Methanococcus jannaschii. The protein crystals were grown in 10% PEG 10 K, 50 mM Hepes‐HCl (pH 7.5) in hanging drops equilibrated against 33% PEG 10 K, 100 mM Hepes‐HCl (pH 7.5). The crystals diffract to at least 2.5 Å resolution and belong to the space group P1 with cell parameters a=34.09 Å, b=39.39 Å, c=55.84 Å, α=83.65°, β=80.38°, γ=75.37°.
Genomic Nucleotide Sequence of Tomato Asr2, a Second Member of the Stress/Ripening-Induced Asr1 Gene Family

Gene expression in plants is regulated by developmental stage (for example, see Gillapsy et al., 1993; Meekswager, 1993; Thomas, 1993) and by response to the environment (Bray, 1991, 1993; Gurley et al., 1993; Quatrano 1993; Winicov, 1993). Water stress is a major abiotic stress that triggers a massive change in gene expression (for recent reviews, see Bray, 1991, 1993). Iusem et al. (1993) recently isolated the tomato Asrl cDNA clone by differential screening of a tomato fruit cDNA library with cDNA prepared from irrigated versus water-stressed leaves. Asrl encodes a 13-kD basic protein, which is localized in the nucleus (Iusem et al., 1993). Genomic Southem analysis suggested that Asrl is a member of a small gene family (not shown). The Asrl cDNA sequence was used as a probe in screening of a tomato genomic library, and severa1 independent clones were isolated. We describe here genomic which contains a the Asr gene The contains a 342-bp-long open reading frame interrupted by a 112-bp intron. As ex-pected, the AT content of the intron is significantly higher than that of the (77 versus
Language dominance in patients with early childhood tumors near left hemisphere language areas

Rationale Language function often develops in the right hemisphere following an acute left hemispheric insult in early childhood. Little is known, however, about lateralization of language function in patients with early childhood tumors near potential left hemisphere language areas. Issues of language dominance are important in the strategy for resection of left temporal and frontal tumors. Methods We studied 12 patients who had determination of hemispheric language dominance by the intracarotid amobarbital procedure prior to resection of a left inferolateral frontal or left mid or posterior temporal tumor that (1) was near a classic language area and (2) first manifested with partial seizures by age 6 years (mean, 3.7). Results Hemispheric language dominance was left in 10 patients (83%), right in one patient, and bilateral in one patient. Six patients with left temporal tumors had localization of Wernicke's area with cortical stimulation, and in five the language area was posterior to the tumor. In one patient, the tumor infiltrated Wernicke's area. Eleven of the 12 patients had complete tumor resection (mean age at operation, 11.8 years) and were seizure-free at follow-up (mean, 3.1 years). Neuropsychological testing showed a tendency for improved language function after operation, and no patient had new overt language deficits. Conclusions Early low-grade left frontal and temporal tumors usually did not result in transfer of language dominance to the contralateral hemisphere. Tumors may grow slowly along with the developing brain in young children, with continued left hemisphere language development in regions separate from the neoplasm. Successful tumor resection can be accomplished, but it may require cortical stimulation for localization and sparing of nearby language areas.
Foreword: development is not about studying children: the importance of longitudinal approaches.

Paradoxically, numerous studies of infants and children are not developmental at all, because they take static snapshots, targeting a specific age group. A truly developmental perspective embraces a developmental way of thinking, regardless of the age of the population studied (Karmiloff-Smith, 1992, 1998). Even research on infants can be nondevelopmental, simply examining performance in, for example, 5-month-olds, whereas some studies of adults are developmental, because they focus on neural change over time in healthy aging even when behavioral output remains unchanged (e.g., Tyler et al., 2009) or on neurodevelopmental disorders as they continue to change in adulthood (Cornish et al., 2008). Indeed, it used to be thought that permutation carriers of the fragile X gene were unimpaired. However, important new research has shown that adult male premutation carriers who have a CGG repeat length of over 100 repeats are at risk of developing a late-onset neurodegenerative condition: fragile X tremor and ataxia syndrome (Cornish et al., 2008; Cornish, Hocking, Moss, & Kogan, 2011). In other words, neural and cognitive development is dynamic across the entire lifespan, and there is no static end state in either healthy adults as they age or in adults with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Detection of verbal discordances during sleep

We used an electrophysiological marker of linguistic discordance, the N400 wave, to investigate how linguistic and pseudo-linguistic stimuli are categorised during sleep as compared to waking. During wakefulness, signs of discordance detection were, as expected, greater for pseudo-words than for real but semantically incongruous words, relative to congruous words. In sleep stage 2 all signs of hierarchic process of discordance disappeared. A new hierarchic process reappeared in paradoxical sleep, which differed from that of waking, responses to pseudo-words being similar to those to congruous words. Linguistic absurdity appears to be accepted in a different manner during paradoxical sleep than during waking, and this might explain why absurd contents are so naturally incorporated into otherwise plausible dream stories.
Structure and organization of membrane organelles along distal microtubule segments in growth cones

Advance and stabilization of organelle‐rich cytoplasm within the neuronal growth cone is coupled to axon elongation (Goldberg and Burmeister, 1986; Aletta and Greene, 1988), and this involves forward movement of organelles from the growth cone base along distinct tracks toward the leading edge. Membrane‐bound organelles that advance first within the growth cone often make transient excursions toward the leading edge, and at the light microscope level these leading organelles appear to colocalize with distal microtubule (MX) segments (Dailey and Bridgman, 1989).
Crystal Structures of the Catalytic Domain of a Novel Glycohydrolase Family 23 Chitinase from Ralstonia sp. A-471 Reveals a Unique Arrangement of the Catalytic Residues for Inverting Chitin Hydrolysis

Background: Chitinase C from Ralstonia sp. A-471 (Ra-ChiC) is a chitinase that was first found in glycohydrolase family 23. Results: The crystal structure of Ra-ChiC exhibited a tunnel-shaped conformation in its active site. Conclusion: The tunnel-shaped conformation is essential for a unique arrangement of the catalytic residues and substrate specificity. Significance: This is the first report on the tunnel-shaped binding site of an inverting chitinase. Chitinase C from Ralstonia sp. A-471 (Ra-ChiC) has a catalytic domain sequence similar to goose-type (G-type) lysozymes and, unlike other chitinases, belongs to glycohydrolase (GH) family 23. Using NMR spectroscopy, however, Ra-ChiC was found to interact only with the chitin dimer but not with the peptidoglycan fragment. Here we report the crystal structures of wild-type, E141Q, and E162Q of the catalytic domain of Ra-ChiC with or without chitin oligosaccharides. Ra-ChiC has a substrate-binding site including a tunnel-shaped cavity, which determines the substrate specificity. Mutation analyses based on this structural information indicated that a highly conserved Glu-141 acts as a catalytic acid, and that Asp-226 located at the roof of the tunnel activates a water molecule as a catalytic base. The unique arrangement of the catalytic residues makes a clear contrast to the other GH23 members and also to inverting GH19 chitinases.
Protective effect of Astaxanthin on Ethylene Glycol induced Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common and painful of urological disorders with a high prevalence rate. The role of calcium oxalate crystals, which are the predominant component of kidney stones in generating oxidative stress, have been clearly demonstrated in previous studies. Astaxanthin, found in marine organisms is a dietary xanthophyll carotenoid with enhanced antioxidative properties and pharmacological effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of this natural antioxidant, at a daily dose of 25mg/kg in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Liver function markers, hepatic antioxidants, albumin creatinine ratios, renal calcium content and changes in body and kidney weight have been studied to evaluate the effect of this carotenoid in vivo. The effect of citrate, a component of most pharmaceutical drugs for management of nephrolithiasis has also been evaluated for the purpose of comparison with astaxanthin treatment. Astaxanthin is seen to exert a protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues in ethylene glycol treated rats by improving the liver function, restoring the activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, decreasing the albumin creatinine ratios and calcium levels and maintaining the organ to body weight ratio. Our results also indicate that astaxanthin administration is more beneficial than citrate treatment.
Performance analysis of LTE networks in varying spectral bands

The ever increasing number of mobile broadband users requires the availability of enhanced data services. Long Term Evolution or LTE is the evolution of High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), which was standardized by third generation partnership project (3GPP) Release 8 in order to meet the increasing demand of faster and more efficient mobile internet access today by supporting the larger bandwidth. This paper analyses the performance of LTE network in varying spectral frequency bands. Using network simulator-2, ns-2, the parameters that had greater impact on the performance were studied. The main key parameters which were used to evaluate the key performance analysis are throughput, average throughput and jitter. Based on the simulation results, we have concluded that throughput remains same at different frequency bands if bandwidth and modulation type is same. Average throughput also does not change with the change in frequency band, but average throughput is lower in comparison to throughput because same bandwidth is shared by all the nodes. Thus, we can say average throughput decreases with increase in number of nodes. Jitter does not have any specific trend normally it increases with the increase in frequency band, sometimes it is same as frequency band increases and it also decreases when frequency band increases.
Proviral DNA in the brains of goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus.

Archive paraffin wax-embedded sections of brain from goats and kids naturally infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) were examined. Severe leucoencephalitis was present, with infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages into the white matter, meninges and choroid plexus. On both CAEV-positive and negative (control) tissues, in-situ polymerase chain reactions were used to amplify a DNA sequence specific to the proviral Pol region. In the infected tissues, strong hybridization signals were observed, mainly located in macrophages, microglial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and in the ependymal epithelium and choroid plexus. Positive areas were also found in the spinal cord in endothelial cells of small blood vessels. Some neurons showed a positive reaction.
Teachers Perceptions of Effects of a Student's Death: A Phenomenological Study

When a student dies in a school setting many school professionals step in and offer grief services to the students affected. In the classrooms, teachers are expected to step in and help the students grieve; however, equivalent support for teachers seems to be lacking. This study explored the lived experiences of teachers who experienced the unanticipated death of a student. From the analysis, the following themes emerged: (a) releasing feelings, (b) resources (c) lost academic time and redirection, and (d) honoring the memory. The results of this study reinforce the need for training for school teachers to help them better cope with the death of a student. Particularly, school professionals are called on to be proactive in creating a model to have in place to actively support teachers dealing with the grief and loss of a student.
Electric vehicle charge scheduling using an artificial neural network

With the integration of EVs into the power grid, smart metering using machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is likely to play an important role in real-time energy management and control. Smart devices embedded with advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) can forecast the energy demand as well as perform energy pricing in real time. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) based intelligent decision-making system is presented that utilises data logged by an M2M AMI for EV charge scheduling and load management. The ANN was trained using household power consumption and EV energy demand data, and was used to decide when a vehicle should charge (G2V), or could discharge (V2G).
Locpart: A Latency Optimized Cache Partitioning for Cloud Data Centers

As continual evolution of virtualization technology and cloud computing paradigm, modern data centers consolidate various application to run with less servers. However, co-locating applications is challenging, especially for mixed workloads of both latency-critical and batch programs. It is required to address the unpredicted performance and quality-of-service (QoS) due to contention for the shared last-level caches (SLLC). In this paper, we present a novel latency optimized cache partitioning policy, Locpart, which requires neither hardware modification nor complicated software design. Locpart prioritizes latency-critical services over batch workloads on generating cache partitioning schemes with conservative allocation to gurantee QoS. At the same time, Locpart seeks to balance the rest cache ways among the workloads to achieve a maximum global performance. Evaluation with workloads mixes of emerging latency-critical as well as conventional batch programs show that Locpart guarantees the QoS and improves the global system performance in parallel significantly.
Simulated driving performance of combat veterans with mild tramatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE We determined differences in driving errors between combat veterans with mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder and healthy control participants. METHOD We compared 18 postdeployed combat veterans with 20 control participants on drivingerrors in a driving simulator. RESULTS Combat veterans were more likely to be male; were younger; and had more racial diversity, less formal education, and lower cognitive scores than control participants. Control participants made more signaling errors (t [19] = -2.138, p = .046, SE = 0.395), but combat veterans made more overspeeding (t [17.3] = 4.095, p = .001, SE = 0.708) and adjustment-to-stimuli (t [17] = 2.380, p = .029, SE = 0.140) errors. Young age was related to overspeeding. CONCLUSION Combat veterans made more critical driving errors than did control participants. Such errors made on the road may lead to crashes or injuries. Although limited in generalizability, these findings provide early support for developing safe driving interventions for combat veterans.
LAP proteins are localized at the post‐synaptic membrane of neuromuscular junctions and appear to modulate synaptic morphology and transmission

Erbin, Lano, Scribble, and Densin‐180 belong to LAP (leucine‐rich repeats and PDZ domain) adaptor proteins involved in cell signaling pathways. Previously, we identified Erbin, Lano, and Scribble, but not Densin‐180, in muscle cells, where they are involved in regulating the aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vitro. Here, we analyzed their cellular localization at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in skeletal muscles of mice. Erbin, Lano, and Scribble were significantly accumulated at NMJs and localized in different synaptic cells. Moreover, we used mouse mutants to analyze the role of Erbin at the NMJ. We used two Erbin mutant mouse strains that either completely lack Erbin protein (Erbinnull/null) or express a truncated Erbin mutant where the carboxy‐terminal PDZ domain is replaced by β‐galactosidase (ErbinΔC/ΔC) thereby abolishing its interaction with ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. Neither the lack of the PDZ domain of Erbin, nor its complete absence interfered with the general localization of LAP proteins at NMJs, but Lano and Scribble transcript levels were up‐regulated in homozygous Erbin‐null muscles. Furthermore, grip strength was reduced and neural transmission impaired in homozygous aged Erbin‐null but not Erbin‐ΔC mice. Erbin‐null skeletal muscles did not reveal any conspicuous impairment of the muscle fiber. Localization of other NMJ marker proteins was not affected either. Quantitative 3D morphometry showed that NMJs of Erbin‐null muscles were significantly smaller and fragmented in the soleus. We speculate that Erbin, Lano, and Scribble act at the post‐synaptic membrane of NMJs in a concerted fashion to regulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors cluster morphology and neural transmission.
State Forest Management Organisations in Europe: A comparison using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

State Forest Management Organizations (SFMOs) play a crucial role in 10 the European forest sector, managing almost half the forests in the region. SFMOs 11 are often managed for timber production only whereas, being publicly owned, they 12 should play an important role in providing a vast range of public goods (e.g. soil 13 protection, biodiversity conservation). Their management goals depend on the 14 history and current conditions of the forest sector at a national level, as well as 15 different challenges and the potential for development. Although there is a lack of 16 knowledge about the current performance of SFMOs, there have been recent 17 changes to their management goals and practices in response to the new demands 18 expressed by society (e.g. transparency, social inclusion). The main purpose of this 19 study is to analyse the current situation of SFMOs by clustering them according to 20 indicators that reflect three pillars of the common understanding of sustainable 21 forest management (SFM) concept. With the help of Principal Component Analysis 22 (PCA), we grouped countries according to common characteristics of the forest 23 sector at the national level. Results show three main clusters of SFMOs in Europe. 24 The first cluster has rather small but commercially-oriented forestry unit together 25 with other business activities and a strong focus on public services. The second sees 26 itself as the protector of public interest, rather than commercially-oriented 27 organisations. The third is mainly profit-seeking. The existence of diverse SFMO 28 clusters shows the possibility of different approaches for SFM with a focus on different 29 goals (e.g. profit gaining, public service delivery). 30
Artifact Detection of Wrist Photoplethysmograph Signals

There is a growing interest in monitoring of vital signs through wearable devices, such as heart rate (HR). A comfortable and non-invasive technique to measure the HR is pulse photoplethysmography (PPG) with the use of a smartwatch. This watch records also triaxial accelerometry (ACM). However, it is well known that motion and noise artifacts (MNA) are present. A MNA detection method, which classifies into a clean or MNA segment, is trained and tested on a dataset of 17 patients, each with a recording duration of 24 hours. PPGand ACM-derived features are extracted and classified with a LS-SVM classifier. A sensitivity and specificity of respectively 85.50 % and 92.36 % are obtained. For this dataset, the ACM features do not improve the performance, suggesting that ACM recording could be avoided from the point of view for detecting MNA in PPG signals during daily life.