Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing IoT Botnets Attack Pattern for Host-based and Network-based Platform

Internet of things (IoT) is the things or devices with software, intelligent sensors interconnected via the internet to send and receive data with another device. This capacity makes things, i.e., smartphones, smart homes, intelligent toys, baby monitors, IP cameras, and many more to act as intelligent devices like artificial intelligence (AI) and be utilized in the everyday lifeworld widely. IoT has enormous expansion potential, and many challenges have been acknowledged but are still open today. The botnet is a collection of bots from IoT devices used to launch extensive network attacks. In addition, rapid growth in technology has led to an incomplete understanding of IoT. The increasing number of IoT devices has led to the spread of malware targeting IoT devices make IoT Botnet behaviors challenging to identify and determine. To detect these IoT Botnets, a preliminary experiment on flow analysis is necessary. This paper is to identify IoT Botnet attack patterns from the IoT Botnet behavior that get from IoT Botnet activities. Therefore, this research is to identify IoT Botnet attack patterns in a hostbased and network-based environment. First, this paper contributes to discovering, recognizing, categorizing, and detecting IoT Botnet activities. Next, organizing information to have a better understanding of the IoT botnet's problem and potential solutions. Then, construct the IoT Botnet attack pattern by analyzing the characteristics of the IoT Botnet behavior. This IoT Botnet attack pattern divides into two environments which are host-based and network-based. As a result, this paper aims to inform people about the attack pattern when the IoT device has been infected and become part of the botnet. Keywords—IoT; botnet; IoT botnet; host-based; network-based
Effects of Fermented Maize Residue on the Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Cookies

Fermented maize residue, a by-product of the production of fermented starch, a local weaning food and breakfast cereal for adults in Nigeria and West Africa was dried, milled into flour and utilized as a fibre source in cookies production at 0 – 30% levels of substitution. The effects of the addition of the fermented maize residue on the physical, sensory and nutritional properties on the cookie sample were investigated. Results showed spread ratio values decreased with residue flour addition, ash content and protein content and carbohydrate also showed a decrease. The crude fibre content increased with levels of replacement. The result of sensory evaluation showed equal preference among the samples. Invitro-protein digestibility showed a decrease with fermented maize residue addition. Addition of fermented maize residue to cookie production can be a viable way of utilizing the fibre rich fermented maize residue
Harmonious and obsessive involvement, self-esteem, and well-being. A longitudinal study on MMORPG players

Starting from the dualistic model of passion by Vallerand and colleagues (2003), this study aimed to identify “obsessive” and “harmonious” involvements in MMORPGs and to verify their relationships with players’ self-esteem and well-being. An international sample of 147 MMORPG players participated in a longitudinal design filling out for 3 times an online questionnaire measuring game involvement (in terms of Internet Gaming Disorder [IGD] symptoms, time spent playing the video game, sense of presence while playing, and avatar identification), global self-esteem, and well-being (i.e., meaningful life, engaged life, and pleasant life). Results supported the presence of these two different types of involvement: Obsessive involvement, characterized by a close association between IGD symptoms and playing time; Harmonious involvement, characterized by a close association between presence, avatar identification, and IGD symptoms. Cross-lagged effects showed that, over time, low self-esteem and low meaningful life predicted obsessive involvement, which in turn predicted engaged life. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the effects between video games use and the users’ self-esteem and well-being. Furthermore, it contributes to the theoretical debate about problematic involvement in videogames, also providing some indications about problematic gaming assessment and prevention.
Alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of fermentable sugar syrups

The objective of this study to analyze the effect of alkaline pretreatment on the structure, composition, and subsequent hydrolysis of agricultural wastes. An increase in the content of reducing sugars after the pretreatment is achieved. Its effectiveness is confirmed, offering a practical procedure to produce alternative energy. Factors such as the calcium hydroxide concentration (0.1 and 0.5g Ca(OH)2/g-dry matter), liquid to solid ratio (12 and 28ml/g-dry matter), temperature (40 and 70°C), stirring rate (0 and 200rpm), an average particle size (0.45 and 1.015mm) were assessed using an experimental design. On average, kikuyo grass had the highest lignin removal (28.31%) while the African oil palm fiber had the lowest value (14.10%). The average particle size was a statistically significant factor for the pretreatment of African oil palm fiber, the stirring rate was an important factor during the pretreatment of kikuyo grass. The Ca(OH)2 concentration had a major effect on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and coffee pulp waste.
Incorporating Polygenic Risk Scores and Nongenetic Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction among Asian Women, Results from Asia Breast Cancer Consortium

Importance Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have shown promises in breast cancer risk prediction; however, limited studies have been conducted among Asian women. Objective To develop breast cancer risk prediction models for Asian women incorporating PRSs and nongenetic risk factors. Design PRSs were developed using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of breast cancer conducted among 123 041 Asian-ancestry women (including 18 650 cases) using three approaches (1) reported PRS for European-ancestry women; (2) breast cancer-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by fine-mapping of GWAS-identified risk loci; (3) genome-wide risk prediction algorithms. A nongenetic risk score (NgRS) was built including six well-established nongenetic risk factors using data from 1974 Asian women. Integrated risk scores (IRSs) were constructed using PRSs and the NgRS. PRSs were initially validated in an independent dataset including 1426 cases and 1323 controls and further evaluated, along with the NgRS and IRSs, in the second dataset including 368 cases and 736 controls nested withing a prospective cohort study. Setting Case-control and prospective cohort studies. Participants 20 444 breast cancer cases and 106 450 controls from the Asia Breast Cancer Consortium. Main Outcomes and Measures Logistic regression was used to examine associations of risk scores with breast cancer risk to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results In the prospective cohort, PRS111, a PRS with 111 SNPs, developed using the fine-mapping approach showed a prediction performance comparable to a genome-wide PRS including over 855,000 SNPs. The OR per standard deviation increase of PRS111 was 1.67 (95% CI=1.46-1.92) with an AUC of 0.639 (95% CI=0.604-0.674). The NgRS had a limited predictive ability (AUC=0.565; 95% CI=0.529-0.601); while IRS111, the combination of PRS111 and NgRS, achieved the highest prediction accuracy (AUC=0.650; 95% CI=0.616-0.685). Compared with the average risk group (40th-60th percentile), women in the top 5% of PRS111 and IRS111 were at a 3.84-folded (95% CI=2.30-6.46) and 4.25- folded (95% CI=2.57-7.11) elevated risk of breast cancer, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance PRSs derived using breast cancer-associated risk SNPs have similar prediction performance in Asian and European descendants. Including nongenetic risk factors in models further improved prediction accuracy. Our findings support the utility of these models in developing personalized screening and prevention strategies.
DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION IN ASSESSING STRUCTURED-LIGHT 3D SCANNER’S GANTRY STABILITY: PERFORMING DAVID’S (MICHELANGELO) HIGH-ACCURACY 3D SURVEY

Abstract. The paper presents results from applying Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to determine deformations and verify stability on a gantry during surveying operations on the Michelangelo’s David at the Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze museum in Florence. An advanced hi-resolution Structured-light 3D scanner has been used to create a hi-detailed digital twin of the masterpiece. Considering the high scanner sensitivity, a contactless, remote and passive monitoring system of the gantry stability has been chosen to guarantee maximum freedom of movement around the David and avoid any interference during scanning operations. Due to the remarkable elevation of the statue, which reaches almost 7 meters on his pedestal, and considering the cramped operating area around the statue, an ad-hoc gantry has been designed and deployed. The sophisticated scanner’s technique and the extreme hi-resolution required for the survey needed firm gantry stability during scanning operations from one side. The complex geometries and the considerable extension of the statue surface impose extended flexibility and a nimble elevation platform from the other side. Thanks to the DIC technique the gantry stability has been constantly monitored with an accuracy of 0.03 ÷ 0,04 pixels, optimising scanning scheduling and, consequently, operations efficiency. A comparison of scans with post-processed deformation patterns allowed to optimise the scanning schedule, minimising downtime, and maintaining the needed platform stability threshold for effective scanning.
Academic Self-Efficacy as the Mediator of Adolescent-Parent Secure Attachment Effect towards the Academic Stress of Senior High School Students

This study aimed at examining the role of academic self-efficacy as a mediator of adolescent-parent secure attachment effect towards academic stress of senior high school students. The hypothesis of this study was the adolescent-parent secure attachment effect towards the academic stress of senior high school students is mediated by the academic self-efficacy. Two hundred sixty four 11thgrade senior high school students from three different schools in Yogyakarta were recruited as the research participants. Data collection exerted the adolescent-parent attachment scale, academic stress scale, and academic self-efficacy scale. Mediation analysis was conducted by using the conditional process modelling. Result showed that the adolescent-parent secure attachment affected academic stress of senior high school students is mediated by the academic self-efficacy with an indirect effect coefficient of -0,199. The importance of the role of academic self-efficacy in reducing academic stress among students is discussed. The results of this study are expected to serve as evaluation materials for parents to understand that the success of teenagers in school is not only the responsibility of the teachers and the school. Future researchers could also add a variable of adolescent-peers attachment to expand more knowledge on the topic.
Preventing Contrast Effect Exploitation in Recommendations

Contrast effects are caused by the tendency for mental evaluations of objects to be influenced by one or more contrasting objects. As this cognitive bias can unduly influence users’ behavior, we present a method for preventing recommender systems from exploiting contrast effects. We then apply our method to a simulated online storefront and show that it is able to prevent contrast effect exploitation while maximizing the conversion rate of users.
A review: Development of magnetic nano vectors for biomedical applications

The study of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is an emergent field of science in this era due to their widespread utilization in the various fields of biomedical science. Developing concerns of magnetic nanoparticles in the researcher’s field led to design a huge number of MNPs including individual or binary metallic particles, oxides, (ferrites), biopolymer coated composites, metallic carbides and graphene mediated nanoparticles. Numerous synthetic routes are defined in literature to attain the desired size, crystal structure, morphology and magnetic properties. To build up biocompatibility, MNPs subjected to surface treatments by coating with some suitable organic or inorganic biomaterials which not only improves its physical characteristics but also elevate its chemical stability. These biomaterials coat either isolatly or in a combined state to enhance the colloidal stability, magnetic properties as well as prevent it cytotoxicity and surface corrosion in the biological media. These properties are essential for the particles and empowering their effectiveness in various biomedical science i.e., drug delivery Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, biosensors and gene therapy etc. Current review recapitulates the verdicts of previous research on the subject of magnetic nanoparticles. It will also explain the recent advancements of biomaterials that execute a dynamic role in various medical treatments. Our main focus is to report the particle types, design and properties as well as discussing various synthetic routes including sol gel, co-precipitation, microemulsion, green synthesis, sonochemical method and polyol synthesis etc. These methods produced particles of excellent yield with unique magnetic properties, coercivity and crystallinity and enhanced biocompatibility as compared to traditional methods used to develop MNPs.
Exploring Self-Regulation of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis often experience residual impacts of the treatment on their physical, economic, social, and psychological, to an extent that CKD is considered a barrier for individuals to fully participate and enjoy life. It is crucial for CKD patients self-regulate their cognitive, social and emotional health in order to function optimally. This research aimed to explore the self-regulation process of CKD patients. This research adopted a qualitative exploratory utilizing in-depth interview as a data collection technique. There were three participants in the research recruited through convenience sampling, two men and one female aged 50-60 years and undergoing hemodialysis within 6-10 months. The analysis process used thematic analysis guided by a common-sense model of self-regulation. Findings showed that at an initial stage patients perceived CKD and its treatment emotionally, but this was changed over time to be more positive. Two participants had adequate coping strategies and received support from the closest relatives to assist in the evaluation, while, one participant was more emotionally harboring and lacked social support. The evaluation process could encourage participants to seek information and understand CKD better. Further research suggested that sampling techniques could involve participants with a more diverse age range in order to have more varied data that can be used by other CKD patients with diverse age range.
Channel space weighted fusion-oriented feature pyramid network for motor imagery EEG signal recognition

In order to solve the problems of weak generalization ability and low classification accuracy in motor imagery EEG signal classification, this paper proposes a channel space weighted fusion-oriented feature pyramid network for motor imagery EEG signal recognition. First, the short-time Fourier transform is used to obtain the EEG time-frequency map. Then, it builds a new feature pyramid network(FPN). The attention mechanism module is integrated into the FPN module, and the channel spatial weighted fusion-oriented feature pyramid network is proposed. This new structure can not only learn the weight of important channel features in the feature map, but also learn the representation of important feature areas in the network layers. Meanwhile, Skip-FPN module is added into the network structure, which fuses more details of EEG signals through short connections. The Dropout layer is added to prevent network training from over-fitting. In the classification model, we improve the AdaBoost algorithm to automatically update the base learner according to the classification error rate. Finally, the proposed model is used to classify the test data and the Kappa value is used as the evaluation index. Compared with the state-of-the-art motor image EEG signal recognition methods, the proposed method achieves better performance on the BCI Competition IV 2b data set. It has good generalization ability and can improve the classification effect.
Closer than Close: MEC-Assisted Platooning with Intelligent Controller Migration

The advent of multi access edge computing~(MEC) will enable latency-critical applications such as cooperative adaptive cruise control (also known as platooning) to be hosted at the edge of the network. MEC-based platooning will leverage the coverage of the cellular infrastructure to enable inter-vehicular communications, potentially overcoming crucial problems of vehicular ad-hoc networks~(VANETs) such as non-trivial packet loss rates. However, MEC-based platooning will require the controller to be migrated to the most suitable positions at the network edge, in order to maintain low-latency connections as the platoon moves. In this paper, we propose a context-awareQ -Learning algorithm that carries out such migrations only as often as is necessary, and thereby reduces the additional delays implicit in application migration across MEC hosts. When compared to the state-of-the-art approach named FollowME, our scheme exhibits better compliance of vehicle speed and spacing values to preset targets, as well as a reduced statistical dispersion.
Urine-albumin and creatinine ratio among apparently healthy individual in South Eastern, Nigeria

Background: Albuminuria and Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) has been identified as early indices of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Hypertension and are at great risk of hypertensive nephropathy, but this not so for the apparently healthy individuals. Objectives: This study was therefore carried out to evaluate and quantitate albuminuria and urine ACR among apparently healthy individual and to compare values with the hypertensive attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu State. Materials and method: The study was carried out on eighty-nine (89) volunteers (50 tests and 39 controls) age 21-77 years between August and September 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to get vital information, anthropometric measurements were taken while blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed for serum creatinine (Scr), urine creatinine (UCr) and urine albumin using Jaffe modified kinetic method and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method respectively. Body mass index (BMI) in Kg/m2, urine ACR in mg/mmol and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Chronic Disease Epidemiology Equation were calculated. Data were analyzed using student’s T-test and one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Generally, results showed that males have higher (p<0.05) height, Scr, eGFR, and UCr but lower (p<0.05) BMI) when compared with the females, but no significant difference (P>0.05) between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse, weight, urine albumin and ACR. Also, the study revealed that the test subjects have higher SBP, DBP, weight, BMI, SCr, urine albumin, and ACR but lower (p<0.05) eGFR and UCr when compared with the control subjects, but no significant difference (P>0.05) between pulse and height. Furthermore, intra gender analysis of the results showed that males tests have higher SBP, DBP, weight, BMI and urine ACR but lower (p<0.05) eGFR and UCr when compared with male controls, but no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed for pulse, height, Scr and urine albumin. Finally, the results showed that female tests have higher (P<0.05) SBP, pulse, Scr, urine albumin and ACR but lower (p<0.05) eGFR when compared with the female controls Conclusion: Findings and results from this study suggest that the hypertensives stand a higher risk of kidney damage, consequently cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Four Medicinal Mediterranean Plants: Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity

With everyday advances in the field of pharmaceuticals, medicinal plants have high priority regarding the introduction of novel synthetic compounds by the usage of environmentally friendly extraction technologies. Herein, a supercritical CO2 extraction method was implemented in the analysis of four plants (chamomile, St. John’s wort, yarrow, and curry plant) after which the non-targeted analysis of the chemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The extraction yield was the highest for the chamomile (5%), while moderate yields were obtained for the other three plants. The chemical composition analyzed by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) demonstrated extraction of diverse compounds including terpenes and terpenoids, fatty acids, flavonoids and coumarins, functionalized phytosterols, and polyphenols. Voltammetry of microfilm immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied in the analysis of extracts. It was found that antioxidant activity obtained by SWV correlates well to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazine (DPPH) radical assay (R2 = 0.818) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (R2 = 0.640), but not to the total phenolic content (R2 = 0.092). Effective results were obtained in terms of activity showing the potential usage of supercritical CO2 extraction to acquire bioactive compounds of interest.
Youth sports in a pandemic age

Problem: Youth sporting events is a public health concern as infected youth with coronavirus disease 2019 may unknowingly spread the virus, as many show little to no symptoms (Zimmerman & Nigel, 2020). This project aimed to identify level of adherence to posted Youth Sports Guidelines, which were designed to mitigate the spread of virus at youth sporting events.Methods: An observational descriptive design was utilized. Two observers tallied guideline violations by participants and spectators at six high-contact (basketball) and six low-contact (swimming) public high school youth sporting events.Results: A total of 726 youth sport participants and 139 spectators were observed. Mean total number of violations were higher at high-contact events (145.33 +/- 68.86) compared to low-contact events (87.50 +/- 35.42). The majority of violations involved social distancing and mask violations. Low-contact sporting events had more social distancing violations compared to high-contact events, 391 and 253, respectively. High-contact sporting events had a significant higher number of mask violations compared to low-contact events, 414 and 120, respectively (alpha value of 0.05, p = .032). No significant correlations were identified between violations to the guidelines at the observed youth sporting events and concurrent virus case rates.Implications for practice: Results can guide future decision making related to youth sports, and by implication, other school-sponsored activities. Opportunities for educating the public by advanced practice nurses can improve adherence to health policies and thereby improve health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)