Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes-Related Complications and Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract Background People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. However, it is unclear whether diabetes-related complications are associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Methods A nested matched case-control analysis was conducted among the fee-for-service Medicare participants of the prospective Multiethnic Cohort (n = ∼123 000). Between 2001 and 2014, 433 incident cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were matched to 1728 controls by birth year, sex, race and ethnicity, and age at cohort entry. Participants were linked to data from the California and Hawaii cancer registries and Medicare claims. We used the diabetes complications severity index (DCSI) for the presence of 7 complications within 2 years prior to the diagnosis date of the index case. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association of DCSI with pancreatic cancer incidence. Results Diabetes was present among 45.4% of cases and 34.1% of controls. Cases had higher DCSI score compared with controls (score ≥4: 32.8% in cases; 21.2% in controls). The most prevalent diabetes-related complications for cases were cardiovascular disease (61.2%), nephropathy (31.2%), and cerebrovascular disease (21.7%). Individuals with diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14 to 1.91), nephropathy (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.33), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.44), and metabolic complications (OR = 6.61, 95% CI = 2.49 to 17.50) were at increased risk of pancreatic cancer. For every 1-unit increase in DCSI score, participants had 18% greater risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.25). Conclusions Participants with diabetes-related complications have an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer. Identifying diabetes-related complications may help identify high-risk groups who can be studied for development of early markers for this fatal cancer.
Translucency of Recently Introduced Extra High Translucency Zirconia

Aim: To compare the translucency of three recently introduced esthetic zirconia, Argen Z Anterior (Argen Corporation), Ceramill Zolid FX (Amann Girrbach AG), and Prettau Anterior (Zirkonzahn), with that of a commonly used esthetic ceramic material (lithium disilicate), IPS e.max CAD LT (Ivoclar Vivadent). Materials and methods: The three partially sintered zirconia materials were sectioned using a low-speed water-cooled diamond saw into a square shape, and the final dimensions of [10.0 × 10.0 × 1.5 mm] (n=10/group) were acquired after sintering. As a reference group, the partially sintered lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD LT) blocks were sectioned and sintered into similar shapes and dimensions. Then, all samples were finished and polished. The CIE L*a*b* values for each sample were measured on a black and a white background using a spectrophotometer (LabScan XE, Hunter Lab). Then, the values of the translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Furthermore, all samples were reduced to 1.0 mm in thickness, and the TP was obtained for a second reading. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed. Results: The control group [IPS e.max CAD LT] was significantly more translucent than the other tested groups (P<0.05). The (Ceramill Zolid FX) zirconia material was significantly less translucent than the other two zirconia materials (ArgenZ Anterior and Prettau Anterior Zirkonzahn). There was no significant difference between the TP value of ArgenZ Anterior at the thickness of 1.0 mm and that of the control group at the thickness of 1.5 mm. Conclusion: By decreasing the thickness of the specimens, the TP will be increased. The (ArgenZ Anterior) and (Zirkonzahn) groups were more translucent than the (Ceramill Zolid FX) group. There was no significant difference between the translucency of (ArgenZ Anterior) reduced to 1.0 mm and that of the IPS e.max group at a 1.5 mm thickness (P< 0.05).
Effects of Spatial Variability in the Groundwater Isotopic Composition on Hydrograph Separation Results for a Pre‐Alpine Headwater Catchment

Isotope hydrograph separation is a powerful tool to investigate catchment functioning. In most hydrograph separation studies, a pre‐event baseflow sample is used to represent the pre‐event water, and thus, baseflow is assumed to be a mixture of all the water that is stored in the catchment. However, baseflow may not be representative of all water stored in the catchment because some sources may not contribute to baseflow. This is problematic when the isotopic composition of the sources is highly variable. We quantified the effects of spatial variability in the shallow groundwater isotopic composition on pre‐event water characterization and hydrograph separation results. We compared the composition of groundwater sampled at 38 wells in a 0.2 km2 pre‐alpine catchment with stream water sampled before, during, and after three rainfall events. We estimated the number of groundwater samples needed to characterize the average groundwater composition in the catchment and its spatial variability and compared the results of two‐component hydrograph separations for different ways to characterize the pre‐event water. We found that differences in the calculated pre‐event water fractions and uncertainties were large and depended on which and how many samples were used to characterize the pre‐event water composition. Analyses based on a limited number of groundwater samples likely underestimate the real uncertainty and can give a false impression of accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of representing the variability in the pre‐event water composition when applying hydrograph separation analyses. We therefore recommend sampling pre‐event water at multiple locations or estimating the variability based on literature values.
Expectations and the Housing Boom and Bust. An Open Economy View

I show that, across and within countries, both the expansion and shrinking of the Global Imbalances since the mid 1990s are strongly correlated with the dynamics of housing markets. Then I study a quantitative model which can account for both the dynamics of housing and the global imbalances without any role for exchange rate driven expenditure switching. Housing demand drivers (population, LTV, housing expectations) alone imply counterfactual interest rate dynamics. Savings glut shocks alone generate the wrong housing price-to-rent ratios. Both types of shocks need to be combined. Counterfactuals using the model suggest that, as long as loan-to-values are regulated and housing expectations are not very optimistic, the large global imbalances of the mid-2000s are unlikely to return.
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR 5G NETWORKS

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks face various challenges in order to support largescale heterogeneous traffic and users, therefore new modulation and multiple access (MA) schemes are being developed to meet the changing demands. As this research space is ever increasing, it becomes more important to analyze the various approaches, therefore, in this article we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising Multiple Access schemes for 5G networks. Our article focuses on various types of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques. Specifically, we first introduce different types of modulation schemes, potential for OMA. We then pay close attention to various types of NOMA candidates, including power-domain NOMA, code-domain NOMA, and NOMA multiplexing in multiple domains. From this exploration, we can identify the opportunities and challenges that will have the most significant impacts on modulation and MA designs for 5G networks.
Inequality and Panel Income Changes: Conditions for Possibilities and Impossibilities

The question of who benefits from economic growth is most commonly assessed by using anonymous data from comparable cross sections to calculate changes in income inequality. An alternative is to utilize longitudinal data and assess the pattern of panel income changes. In this paper, we derive precise theoretical conditions reconciling various measures of rising/falling inequality together with various measures of convergent/divergent panel income changes. We have four main findings: i) for a large number of inequality indices, as well as for Lorenz curves, we derive precise conditions for rising inequality and convergent panel income changes to coexist, ii) we demonstrate that in order to observe both rising inequality and panel convergence, income changes in the panel have to be ``large'' (and in the right direction), where the meaning of ``large'' varies depending on the particular regression under analysis, iii) for a large number of inequality indices, as well as for Lorenz curves, we show that it is impossible to have both falling inequality together with divergent panel income changes in shares or in proportions, iv) we find a precise relationship between convergence/divergence of panel income changes in dollars on the one hand and the coefficient of variation, the correlation coefficient be- tween initial and final incomes, and the aggregate economic growth rate on the other.
Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea from the Netherlands Migrate Record Distances Across Three Oceans to Wilkes Land, East Antarctica

Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea have an exceptionally long-distance migration, annually travelling back and forth between the Arctic and the Antarctic. Birds from Greenland, Iceland and the USA were recently found to spend most of the non-breeding period in the Weddell Sea, a small part of the large Antarctic range of Arctic Terns. Based on ring recoveries and sightings of West European Arctic Terns in the Indian Ocean and Australian waters, we expected that terns from The Netherlands (the southern limit of the breeding range) inhabit different Antarctic regions during the non-breeding season to their conspecifics from Greenland. To find out, geolocators were deployed on seven Arctic Terns captured on the nest in 2011 in The Netherlands. All birds were recaptured in 2012 and five devices yielded information on migration routes. The tracked terns spent on average 273 ± 7 days away from The Netherlands, and visited known staging areas in the North Atlantic and the Benguela Current, on both the outward and return journey. Similar tracks were observed in the terns from Greenland. However, hereafter the terns from The Netherlands moved to a previously unknown staging area in the central Indian Ocean, between 20–40°N and 65–100°E, and spent most of the non-breeding season in the Southern Ocean between 35–150°E. One bird migrated as far as New Zealand. Eventually, all five birds spent the austral summer in Wilkes Land, Antarctica, before flying back to the breeding colonies with a small detour to the same North Atlantic staging area they visited on their southward migration. The total travel distance in the course of the non-breeding period was ∼90,000 ± 2000 km, which substantially exceeds previous estimates for this species. Our study revealed new offshore staging areas and a yet unknown route through three different oceans, the longest bird migration described thus far.
The geographical range structure of the holly leaf‐miner. II. Demographic rates

Summary 1 Few studies have sought to document the variation in demographic rates exhibited by local populations across the geographical range of a species. None the less, such information has the potential to yield insights into the factors that determine the internal abundance structure of ranges. 2 Major components of demographic rates are reported here for the holly leaf-miner Phytomyza ilicis Curtis across its natural geographical range in Europe, including areas at each of the extreme limits and at the core of its occurrence. 3 Correlograms reveal that a number of these components exhibit significant spatial structure across the geographical range and, in conjunction with interpolated maps, suggest that some of these patterns are, in terms of broad trends, reasonably simple. 4 Across the whole range, individual mortality components are largely independent of one another and of leaf-miner population densities, often exhibiting very different spatial patterns. Thus, P. ilicis populations experience markedly different mortality profiles across the range. 5 While some correlations between broad-scale environmental variation and the components of demographic rates were found, it was not possible to separate these effects from shared spatial structure. 6 In sum, the contribution of different components of demographic rates to local densities varies markedly across the geographical range of P. ilicis, and in isolation the pattern observed in any one locality provides limited information on what is occurring elsewhere, but these components none the less often exhibit systematic geographical patterns of variation.
Monetary Policy Gradualism and the Nonlinear Effects of Monetary Shocks

Monetary policy in the United States has often followed a gradual approach by changing policy rates through multiple small adjustments rather than all-at-once hikes or cuts. This conduct could provide a signal about the extent of the intended policy change. We quantify the state-dependent effects of monetary shocks in times of more and less gradual policy. We propose two indicators of high vs. low gradualism periods and use local projections to estimate the effects of identified high-frequency shocks in the two states. Our findings suggest that monetary policy transmission is stronger when the perception of gradualism is high.
Effects of supplemental soybean oil and vitamin E on carcass quality and fatty acid profiles of meat in Huzhou lamb

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental soybean oil (SBO) and vitamin E (VE) on carcass characteristics, serum metabolites, and fatty acid (FA) composition of longissimus muscle in Huzhou lambs. Totally, 24 male lambs were allocated to three dietary treatments: basal, 3% SBO, and 3% SBO plus 500 mg/kg VE supplemented diet (SOE). No differences were observed in carcass qualities among the three treatments. Contents of serum cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and non-esterified fatty acid increased, while glucose decreased significantly in SBO and SOE groups compared to control (P<0.05). The SBO and SOE diets increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids and cis 9 trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; P<0.05), but the ratio of n-6 to n-3 was not effected. It is concluded that supplementation of SBO could increase CLAs, but no further increase may be expected by additional supplementation of VE.
In vitro culturing of the predatory soil nematode Clarkus papillatus

Clarkus papillatus is a widely distributed predatory soil nematode and is of interest in the study of soil ecology, yet very little information exists on its in vitro culturing. In this investigation, an artificial environment was created to maintain C. papillatus for multi-generational studies. The mean number of C. papillatus increased significantly over time when starting the cultures with three adults per plate. Clarkus papillatus had a significantly higher median fecundity at 20, 25 and 28°C than at five other temperatures. Juvenile C. papillatus could not survive without adults in culture and, therefore, may require adult maceration of prey nematodes to survive in vitro.
Novel IκBα Proteolytic Pathway in WEHI231 Immature B Cells

ABSTRACT The Rel/NF-κB family of transcription factors is sequestered in the cytoplasm of most mammalian cells by inhibitor proteins belonging to the IκB family. Degradation of IκB by a phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome (inducible) pathway is believed to allow nuclear transport of active Rel/NF-κB dimers. Rel/NF-κB (a p50–c-Rel dimer) is constitutively nuclear in murine B cells, such as WEHI231 cells. In these cells, p50, c-Rel, and IκBα are synthesized at high levels but only IκBα is rapidly degraded. We have examined the mechanism of IκBα degradation and its relation to constitutive p50–c-Rel activation. We demonstrate that all IκBα is found complexed with c-Rel protein in the cytoplasm. Additionally, rapid IκBα proteolysis is independent of but coexistent with the inducible pathway and can be inhibited by calcium chelators and some calpain inhibitors. Conditions that prevent degradation of IκBα also inhibit nuclear p50–c-Rel activity. Furthermore, the half-life of nuclear c-Rel is much shorter than that of the cytoplasmic form, underscoring the necessity for its continuous nuclear transport to maintain constitutive p50–c-Rel activity. We observed that IκBβ, another NF-κB inhibitor, is also complexed with c-Rel but slowly degraded by a proteasome-dependent process in WEHI231 cells. In addition, IκBβ is basally phosphorylated and cytoplasmic. We thus suggest that calcium-dependent IκBα proteolysis maintains nuclear transport of a p50–c-Rel heterodimer which in turn activates the synthesis of IκBα, p50, and c-Rel to sustain this dynamic process in WEHI231 B cells.
Pathogenicity markers of Clostridium spp. in commercial turkeys

Abstract Since growth promoters ban in Europe, enteritis of different aetiologies (virus, bacteria and protozoa) are increasingly becoming the main cause of economic loss in commercial turkeys production. This study is focused on typing of Clostridium spp. isolated from samples of jejunum and ileum of 82 birds out of 17 turkeys flocks. The birds were 6-day to 104-day old, both male and female, with enteric disorders. The presence of toxin NetB was investigated. Multiplex PCR to detect cpa, cpb1, cpetx, cp1, cpb2 and cpe toxin genes were used for Clostridium typing. No lesions of necrotic enteritis were observed. Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated from 25 enteric samples, Clostridium difficile was found in 4 cases and Clostridium sordelli in one case. Clostridium perfringens was present from 6 to 104 days of age indicating its possible role in the enteric disorders of commercial turkeys. NetB toxin was found in no sample. 3 out of 4 isolates of Clostridium difficile were characterized by the presence of toxin genes.
Preliminary empirical models of the historical and future impact of acidification on the ecology of Welsh streams

SUMMARY 1. We describe a preliminary approacb to modelling the impact of acidification on the ecology of two Welsb streams. Output from the hydrochemical Model of Acidification of Groundwaters in Catchments (MAGIC) was used to drive empirical models which predicted brown trout Salmo trulta (L.) survival, trout density and invertebrate assemblage type. The models were used for hindcasts between 1844 and 1984 under conifer forest and moorland conditions. Forecasts involved each of these land uses with sulphate deposition either continued at 1984 levels or reduced by 50%. 2. Trout survival times and trout densities in the models declined markedly between 1844 and 1984. The most severe decline occurred under simulated forest, where high aluminium concentration led to the virtual elimination of trout in both streams. 3. In forecasts, only in simulated moorland with sulphate deposition reduced by 50% of 1984 levels, was further decline in trout population retarded. There was no marked recovery in trout density under any of the conditions examined. 4. Invertebrate assemblages in streams during the nineteenth century may have differed from those now existing in nearby moorland streams which are presently circumneutral. Past chemical conditions were unusual ( 5.7 and low aluminium) by present-day standards, and were outside the range of the invertebrate model until -1940. 5. Between the 1940s and 1984 there was no change in invertebrate fauna under the moorland scenario despite some acidification. However, simulated forest advanced the appearance of the most impoverished assemblage type, which did not recover in spite of reduced deposition. 6. We discuss several uncertainties with the models in their present form, but suggest some methods for their testing and validation.
Preparation of Rapeseed Protein Isolate by Sodium Hexametaphosphate Extraction, Ultrafiltration, Diafiltration, and Ion‐Exchange

A novel processing scheme for the production of rapeseed protein isolate was developed which includes extraction using aqueous sodium hexametaphosphate solution followed by activated-carbon treatment, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and purification by ion-exchange. Aqueous sodium hexametaphosphate is an effective extraction agent for rape-seed proteins. The activated-carbon treatment removes glucosinolate hydrolysis products and color compounds. The membrane treatments reduce the concentration of soluble low-molecular-weight components to low levels. An anion exchange resin was used in the last step to remove phytate and residual hexametaphosphate. The process resulted in a protein isolate containing about 90% protein. Sixty-three per cent of the nitrogen in the meal was recovered as an isolate free of glucosinolates, low in phytates and fiber, light in color, and bland in taste.
Organizational, Social and Individual Aspect on Acceptance of Computerized Audit in Financial Audit Work

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 26 February, 2020 Accepted: 14 April, 2020 Online: 03 May, 2020 Auditors now can no longer rely on the old-fashioned way of auditing manually. More and more jobs, increasingly complex work environment, the demands of the times, accuracy and speed of work require auditors inevitably must adopt technology. This research began with our success as academics in the audit family. Related to Indonesia, a large country and has several hundred public accounting firms and thousands of auditors, but computerized use of audits using software is still very little. The public accounting firm still uses a manual system, using normally typed paperwork. We want to find out what can boost the use of software among auditors. Our results are useful for auditors in Indonesia. From the results of statistical tests we found that auditors use compilation software by individual auditors themselves rather than organizations and individuals
Comparative Analysis of the Three Classes of Archaeal and Bacterial Ribonucleotide Reductase from Evolutionary Perspective

The Ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) are essential enzymes that catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides in DNA replication and repair in all living organisms. The RNRs operate by a free radical mechanism but differ in the composition of subunit, cofactor required and regulation by allostery. Based on these differences the RNRs are classified into three classesclass I, class II and class III which depend on oxygen, adenosylcobalamin and S-adenosylmethionine with an iron sulfur cluster respectively for radical generation. In this article thirty seven sequences belonging to each of the three classes of RNR were analyzed by using various tools of bioinformatics. Phylogenetic analysis, dot-plot comparisons and motif analysis was done to identify a number of differences in the three classes of RNRs. In this research article, we have attempted to decipher evolutionary relationship between the three classes of RNR by using bioinformatics approach.