Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Coordination Modes within Organizations

This paper classifies alternative mechanisms for coordinating work activities within organizations into impersonal, personal and group modes. It investigates how variations and interactions in the use of these coordination mechanisms and modes are explained by task uncertainty, interdependence and unit size. Nine hypotheses that relate these three determining factors to the use of the three coordination modes are developed in order to test some key propositions of Thompson (1967) and others on coordination at the work unit or departmental level of organization analysis. Research results from 197 work units within a large employment security agency largely support the hypotheses. The findings suggest that there are differences in degree and kind of influence of each determining factor on the mix of alternative coordination mechanisms used within organizational units.
PREPARATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF TRETINOIN-CONTAINING MICROSPHERES SUITED FOR DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

Preparation of tretinoin-containing microspheres with the aim of reducing undesirable skin reactions towards trans retinoic acid (TRA) and thus, improving patient compliance is of particular interest. These microspheres have to be smaller than 30 µm to avoid causing gritty feel when applying on the skin, and slow the release of drug to minimize its skin side effects. Following preliminary evaluations on process conditions for preparation of microspheres by an emulsification-solvent extraction technique, a 2 3 full factorial design was employed to investigate the influence of various formulation variables including cellulose acetate (CA) concentration, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration and TRA to polymer weight ratio on physical properties and release behavior of microspheres. The particle size of microspheres increased with increasing CA concentration and TRA to polymer weight ratio, but was not much influenced by PVA concentration. The drug encapsulation efficiency increased in microspheres made at higher PVA concentration or with lower CA and TRA concentrations. Examining release data by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation indicated that the Fickian mechanism was basically involved in the drug release from all formulations. In general, a slower drug release rate (i.e. greater mean dissolution time) and smaller dissolution efficiency values were obtained where lower PVA concentration, higher CA concentration or lower drug to polymer weight ratio were used to prepare microspheres. Our results indicated that TRA-containing microspheres of suitable drug release profile and optimal particle size can be prepared by a simple emulsification-solvent extraction technique, provided that the process conditions are appropriately adopted and that polymer, emulsifier and drug concentrations are properly selected.
EFFECTS OF COPPER AND NICKEL ON SUBARCTIC

Three different studies were conducted to elucidate the effects of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) on Scots pine needles. One was the Monchegorsk smelter emission gradient study on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, the second was the 3-year sapling and 6-year adult tree low-level CuNi and acid rain (H2SO4 at pH 3) irrigation study at Kevo, Finland. In the third study seedlings were exposed to Cu and Ni for a one season in Oulu, Finland. Ni accumulate d efficiently in needles , and this accumulation was seen in each of the different studies. The Cu concentrations remained low in needles, except near the Monchegorsk smelters. Theaddition of Ni together with Cu in Oulu seemed to enhance theaccumulation of Ni into the needles of Scots pine seedlings. Plasmolysis may be related to both drought and the Ni treatment, as observed in Oulu, because plasmolysi s was statistically more abundant in the 15 mg Ni kg-1 dry soil treated needles than in other treatments except in 25 mg Ni kg-1 dry soil. Cu induced lipid peroxidation of chloroplast membranes was visible under transmission electron microscope (TEM) as light colored, swollen thylakoids in chloroplasts near the Monchegorsk smelters and also in needles exposed to 25 Ni+50 Cu mg kg-1 in soil in Oulu. Some year to year variation in the frost hardening proces was seen in metal and acid treated needles, which may have caused the maximum frost hardiness level drop after CuNi, pH3 and CuNi/pH3 treatments. Root growth was increased by 5 mg Ni kg-1 dry soil in Oulu, but 15 mg Ni kg-1 dry soil decreased root growth and increased root tip dieback. 25 Ni+50 Cu mg kg-1 dry soil markedly decreased root growth. The proportion of oxidized glutathione in Cu-treated needles was smaller than in Ni-treated needles, but roots had higher peroxidase activity levels. However, Ni seemed to cause more oxidative stres to seedlings than copper.
A concise formal framework for data modeling

A frameworlc for datamodeling is presented which is both fonnal and concise. It is constructed around the concepts of objects and their murual functional relations, has a complete datalanguage based on first order logic and a diagram technique. Relations to other frameworks for data modeling and an implementation of the framework are discussed.
Towards the measurement of sex drive as an evolutionary supremacy

If the human sex drive is an evolutionarily-instigated motivation towards procreation, then the strength of men and women’s sex drive should be dependent on factors affecting offspring. In this study, the effect of gender was investigated among 534 participants by means of a survey that was based on evolutionary adaptations underlying sexual behaviour, This survey the basis for a new research line. Analysis of covariance showed that, in general, men have a higher sex drive than women. These results are in line with studies of sexual selection and partner choice preferences where evolved behavioural manifestations of sex drive facilitate the competition and rivalry for access to a partner, and where men differ from women with regard to their participation in parental investment.
Mutual Adjustment Processes in International Teams: Lessons for the Study of Expatriation

Researchers have commonly regarded expatriate adjustment as a unidirectional process of one individual adjusting to a foreign environment. In contrast, we conceptualize the expatriate's adjustment to social interactions as part of a process of mutual adjustment within an international team. Eleven teams of four combinations of nationalities—German—English, German—Indian, German—Japanese, and German—Austrian—were examined in two German companies in a one-year longitudinal study. In-depth interviews and team observations were conducted with 116 participants. We developed a model that captures the mechanisms of mutual adjustment at the level of cognitive processes, attitudes, and behaviors of team members. We also explain how these internal adjustment components are influenced by a number of external context factors. These factors are seen to create power relationships between the members of the different nationalities in the team. This has a major influence on the direction of adjustment. Implications for models of adjustment and forms of capital accrued by global leaders are discussed.
Accommodations in Teacher Education: Perspectives of Teacher Candidates with Learning Disabilities and Their Faculty Advisors.

Thi s study of teacher candidates with learning disabilities profi les their experi-ence in a teacher education program. Two teacher candidates and their faculty advisors offe r perspectives at various points during the teacher education pro-gram. Findings indicate that the teacher candidates were able to complete their required courses when their professors facilitated appropriate accommodations for them. In their elementary classroom practica, the participants thrived when teaching in their trained discipline or content area, but oft en needed scaffo lding from teacher associates when teaching mathematics and reading. Prior to dis-closing their disability to their teacher associates, the teacher candidates att empted to gauge their mentors’ tolerance of learning disabilities. Based on their lived experiences, the participants held distinct beliefs about integration and reducing the stigma of learning disabilities. Discussion on the implications for teacher education and support of teacher candidates with learning disabilities is offe red. ISSN 1918-5227 Pages 61- 76 Follow this and additional works at: htt p://ir.lib. uwo.ca/eei
Influence of expertise on rockfall hazard assessment using empirical methods

Abstract. To date, many rockfall hazard assessment methods still consider qualitative observations within their analysis. Based on this statement, knowledge and expertise are supposed to be major parameters of rockfall assessment. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of knowledge and expertise on rockfall hazard assessment. Three populations were selected, having different levels of expertise: (1) students in geosciences, (2) researchers in geosciences and (3) confirmed experts. These three populations evaluated the rockfall hazard level on the same site, considering two different methods: the Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussees (LPC) method and a method partly based on the "slope mass rating" (SMR) method. To complement the analysis, the completion of an "a priori" assessment of the rockfall hazard was requested of each population, without using any method. The LPC method is the most widely used method in France for official hazard mapping. It combines two main indicators: the predisposition to instability and the expected magnitude. Reversely, the SMR method was used as an ad hoc quantitative method to investigate the effect of quantification within a method. These procedures were applied on a test site divided into three different sectors. A statistical treatment of the results (descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square independent test and ANOVA) shows that there is a significant influence of the method used on the rockfall hazard assessment, whatever the sector. However, there is a non-significant influence of the level of expertise of the population the sectors 2 and 3. On sector 1, there is a significant influence of the level of expertise, explained by the importance of the temporal probability assessment in the rockfall hazard assessment process. The SMR-based method seems highly sensitive to the "site activity" indicator and exhibits an important dispersion in its results. However, the results are more similar with the LPC qualitative method, even in the case of sector 1.
The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the U.S. Stock Market: A Note on the Roles of U.S. And Non-U.S. Oil Production

Kilian and Park (2009) find shocks to oil supply are relatively unimportant to understanding changes in U.S. stock returns. We examine the impact of both U.S. and non-U.S. oil supply shocks on U.S. stock returns in light of the unprecedented expansion in U.S. oil production since 2009. Our results underscore the importance of the disaggregation of world oil supply and of the recent extraordinary surge in the U.S. oil production for analysing impact on U.S. stock prices. A positive U.S. oil supply shock has a positive impact on U.S. real stock returns. Oil demand and supply shocks are of comparable importance in explaining U.S. real stock returns when supply shocks from U.S. and non-U.S. oil production are identified.
Bedform dimensions under supply limited conditions

The volume of mobile sediment on the river bed is the primary control on the dimensions of the bed forms that develop. If an unlimited supply of sediment is available the bed form dimensions which develop are determined by the water depth, the flow velocity and the sediment characteristics. This relation is described by the various models for the prediction of bed form dimensions which have been formulated (e.g. Van Rijn, 1984, Zhang, 1999). When the volume of mobile sediment is smaller than the volume required for equilibrium dimensions, the bed forms are supply limited and will remain smaller.
Product Design Enhancing Environmental Perception and Encouraging Behavioural Change: Eco-Information – the Relationship of Design Styles and User’s Emotions

This research is to develop the products that can communicate environmental information to the user. The study investigated design styles of eco-information and impact on user’s emotions which can be used as data for product design enhancing environmental perception and encouraging behavioural change. The research aimed to 1) study design styles of eco-information and impact on user’s emotions 2) analyse the relationship of design styles and impact on user’s emotions effective in promoting environmental behaviour change. Ten-second video clips of seven design styles were presented through a computer and a projector and perception evaluation forms were employed. The sample included 60 students from the Faculty of Architecture and Design, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand. The results showed that the most effective design style could encourage emotions in the aspects of interest, excitement and preference. This study found that using living creatures to encourage emotions was the most effective attribute. Additionally, giving detailed information through the use of texts and graphs could encourage effectiveness in promoting behavioural change towards energy and resource consumption.
Burning and Grazing Increase Herbage on Slender Bluestem Range.

This paper describes how prescribed burning, in combination with cattle grazing of various intensities, affected grass production, utilization, and litter accumulation in the bluestemlongleaf pine type. The study was conducted on open grassland of the Palustris Experimental Forest in central Louisiana. Most of the longleaf pines had been cut over 20 years previously. Prior to 1951, the area had been burned every 2 or 3 years during winter or early spring according to local custom of removing litter and hastening new grass growth. Grasses constitute over 90 percent of the herbaceous cover. Slender bluestem (Andropogon tener) and pinehill bluestem (A. ckergens) rank first and second as the principal forage plants and are the key management species. Slender bluestem is most abundant on treeless flatlands that have been grazed intensively and burned frequently. It matures early-usually by m i d June. Repeated close grazing is necessary to prevent the formation of wiry, persistent flower stalks and to prolong the period of palatability (Figure 1). Pinehill bluestem is more prevalent under 1 on gl e af pine timber stands and on cutover, sandy hills. It produces less herbage than slender bluestem but matures later and is more palatable. Other grasses contributing significant quantities of forage are the panics (Panicurn spp.) , paspalums (Paspalum spp.) and miscellaneous bluestems, including fineleaf bluestem (Andropogon s&ten&s), paintbrush bluestem (A. ternarius), Elliott bluestem (A. elliottii), and big bluestem (A. gerardii). Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis) is the principal invading perennial grass. Grassleaf goldaster (Chrysopsis graminifolia) a n d swamp sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius) are the most common perennial, broad-leaved herbs. Grasslike plants include pinehill beakrush (Rhynchospora globuZaris), and several species of Carex and Cyperus. Shrubs and deciduous trees are sparse. Important species include blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica), s o u t h e r n wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), shining sumac (Rhus copallina), and blackberry (Rubus spp.) . Soils are deep, medium textured, and slowly permeable to very slowly permeable. Surface drainage is generally good. Annual precipitation averages about 58 inches, with about 36 inch es occurring during the growing season-March through October. Summer droughts of 4 to 8 weeks duration are fairly common. In February 1952, eighteen l/3acre paddocks were installed on a range burned by wildfire the previous year. From 1952 through 1959, 6 paddocks were grazed heavily and 6 moderately, while 6 were ungrazed (Figure 2). Moderate grazing was aimed at utilizing about 40 percent of the herbage. Cows were in paddocks intermittently for a total of about 15 animal days during the 130-day grazing season. For heavy grazing the number of animal days was doubled. In January 1955, 6 paddocks were burned by slow-moving backfire, and in March, 6 were burned by free-running headfire. The. remaining 6 were left unburned. The 9 grazing-burning treatments were r e p 1 i c a t e d twice. Grass production was measured at the end of each growing
Phytometal Availability, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds of Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) Fruits

The present work studied the fruits of genipap ( Genipa americana L.) occurring in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima, State, Brazil. The content of the following minerals being evaluated: B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn and their antioxidant activity on pulp, peel, seeds and oil extracted from the seeds. The levels of the minerals present in the different parts of the fruit were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS). The mineral with the highest content was the potassium found in the peel (1,248.48±4.59 mg 100 g -1 ). The studies showed that the phenolic compounds are closely related to the antioxidant activity, in this study the peel presented the highest phenolic compounds content 712.21±11.04 mg GAE 100 g -1 and the pulp showed the highest capacity of Capture of the DPPH free radical of 661.34±17.12 EC 50 mg mL -1 , thus the genipap is a fruit with a potential food of the Roraima region.
Bio-Oil Production from Cirsium yildizianum through Pyrolysis in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

Pyrolysis of Cirsium yildizianum samples were carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with (tincal, colemanite and ulexite) and without catalyst catalyst at three different temperatures (350, 450, 550 o C) with a constant heating rate of 50 o C/min. The yields of bio-char, bio-oil and gas produced along with the compositions of the resulting bio-oils were determined by elemental, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GCâ€“MS). The effects of pyrolysis parameters including temperature and catalyst on product yields were investigated. The results indicate that both temperature and catalyst had signficant effect on conversion of Cirsium yildizianum into solid, liquid and gas products. The highest liquid (bio-oil) yield of 40.62% including aqueous phase was obtained in the presence of colemanite (10%) as catalyst at 550 o C. 79 different compounds were identified by GC-MS in bio-oils obtained at 550 o C.
Analysis of Effects of Agriculture Intervention Using Propensity Score Matching

Nowadays, the agriculture extension programmes are practiced in many parts of the world. There is a mixture of results about the effects of agriculture intervention programmes. The literature shows that the interventions are ineffective and have limited diffusion. On the other side, it shows that interventions are effective. Following different arguments about the effects of agriculture extension, this paper adopted Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to analyze the effects of District Agricultural Sector Investment Project (DASIP) using agriculture data. The study was conducted in rural Tanzania areas. It covered five regions namely Kagera, Mwanza, Mara, Simiyu and Kigoma. The study focused on agro-ecological zone where corn is cultivated. Two methods which are questionnaire administration and direct oral interview were used to collect primary data. The collection of data using the questionnaire was done from both participants (359) and non-participants (519). Before running the independent t test, the estimation of propensity score was done using Logistic regression. Thirteen confounding variables were used to estimate propensity scores. The effects of the intervention were analysed by considering four items namely the earnings from corn production, value of livestock owned, value of household assets owned, and value of farm assets owned. The results show that none of the four factors had significant result as the p values are greater than 0.05. This implies that the earning between farmers participating in DASIP are not significant different from those who do not participate in the programme. The study recommends that the group activities should last longer rather than changing them from time to time.
Lipiodol retention pattern predicts transarterial chemoembolization therapeutic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is increasing in Asia and Africa. Locoregional minimally invasive transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the palliative therapy of choice, improving survival rate. Adequate lipiodol dose calculation in TACE is necessary to produce good therapeutic effect. Lipiodol retention pattern can predict TACE therapeutic effect. This study aimed to determine correlation of lipiodol volume/tumor volume (L/V) ratio and lipiodol volume/tumor diameter (L/D) ratio with lipiodol retention pattern in post-TACE CT-scans of HCC patients. METHODS This cohort prospective study was done from November 2013 to March 2014 on eighteen HCC patients with post-TACE therapy in Dr.Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, fullfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lipiodol retention pattern was observed on 28 days post-TACE and classified as type I (lipiodol accumulation in tumor and surrounding area), type II (homogenous accumulation in tumor only), and type III (partial accumulation). The Spearman correlation test was used to determine any relationships between the various variables studied. RESULTS Spearman correlation test showed that lipiodol volume had significant moderate correlation with lipiodol retention pattern (r=-0.684; p=0.002). Both L/V and L/D ratios had moderately significant correlation with lipiodol retention pattern (r=0.511; p=0.030; and r=0.518; p=0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION Correlations of L/V ratio L/D ratio with lipiodol retention pattern were both moderately significant. Lipiodol dose calculation based on L/V ratio is suggested considering the irregular three-dimensional form of the tumor, making volumetric measurement more appropriate.
Enforcing legal deposit in the digital era: a case of Zimbabwe

The pervasive nature of dynamic modern technologies makes it imperative to explore the challenges of enforcing legal deposit in the context of the Internet. This paper seeks to describe the functions of current local legislation in ensuring compliance to legal deposit laws of Zimbabwe. It also seeks to highlight the challenges that the current legal deposit laws face in the context of the open access regime. It will analyse the current legislation for bibliographic compilation in the context of the shifts in the global knowledge landscape. The article explains the weaknesses of the current law with reference to current trends in the legal deposit of multimedia formats. The article also examines how bibliographic control can underpin national development goals with regards to teaching, learning and research. The authors explain how the absence of a print and online version of a national bibliography impact on collection development and scholarly research and explore the challenges of harmonizing print and electronic records in the context of digital divide. Possible ways to utilise modern technologies to capture, process and preserve the records as national heritage in Zimbabwe are suggested.