Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF AMELIORANT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE AT TIDAL PADDY FIELD

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important and strategic food crop in Indonesia, but low productivity in tidal paddy fields is a serious problem that must be overcome. The application of ameliorant would be worthy to increase the growth and yield of rice in tidal paddy fields. The study aimed to investigate the effect of ameliorant application on growth and yield of rice varieties in tidal paddy fields. The study was arranged in a split plot design with five replications. Rice varieties tested were Inpari 34, Dendang, Inpara 9, Inpari 35, and Ciherang as the main plot, and ameliorant types studied were humic acid, gypsum, zeolite, and organic fertilizer as the subplot. The results showed that the use of different rice varieties and amelioran types significantly increased the growth and yield of rice. Inpara 9 produced 7.6 t.ha-1 dry milled grain (DMG) or increased by 33.3% compared to Ciherang variety. Humic acid application at 25 kg ha-1 increased grain yield by 21.3% higher than that without ameliorant treatment. The best treatment to increase the growth and yield of rice in tidal paddy field was a combination of humic acid 25 kg.ha-1 and Inpari 34 which produced the DMG of 8.6 t ha-1 or 41% higher compared to Ciherang without ameliorant.
The E 2 E NLG Challenge : End-to-End Generation through Partial Template Mining

This paper provides a system description for one of the primary entries by the Thomson Reuters team to the 2017 E2E Challenge. This system mines training data for partial templates using a rule-based approach. Although, this system did not score above the baseline using automatic metrics, we score in the third highest cluster for quality with human evaluation.
Pre-Service Teachers' Digital Literacy Levels, Views on Distance Education and Pre-University School Memories

Many studies are still ongoing on the possible effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic process on educational environments. With the decision to switch to distance education during the pandemic process, an important opportunity has emerged for rapid digital transformation in higher education. In this process, the relationships between the digital literacy levels of university students, their views on distance education and their pre-university school memories are curious. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between education faculty students' digital literacy levels and their views on distance education and their pre-university school memories. The research was carried out in the faculty of education at a state university in the 2020-21 academic year. The sample group consists of n = 234 (89 males; 145 females, mean age 21.7) pre-service teachers. Research data were collected online via Classroom. During the data collection process, one personal information form and three scale forms were used together. The return rate of the data collection tool is ~ 51%. Descriptive and relational analysis were used to analyze the collected data (p <.05). The findings, there are some significant and positive relationships between pre-service teachers' digital literacy levels, their views on distance education and their pre-university school memories. It has been revealed that students' digital literacy levels, their pre-university school memories and their views on distance education have significant effects in varying degrees. Some suggestions were made within the framework of the relevant literature for the results reached.
Antecedents and Consequences of Social–Emotional Development: A Longitudinal Study of Academic Achievement

SCIENTIFIC Different aspects of social–emotional development in early childhood—including self-regulation, hyperactivity, emotional problems, and peer problems—have each been shown to individually influence academic achievement into primary and secondary school. Environmental and demographic factors have also been shown to influence a child’s academic development. The current study extends previous work to consider—concurrently, using structural equation modeling—a broader array of antecedents and measures of social–emotional development to understand their relative relations with later academic outcomes. Parent-reported data on a nationally representative sample of children (N = 10,080) at ages 3 and 5 years, and academic assessment at age 7, from the Millennium Cohort Study were subjected to longitudinal modeling. Results indicated the individual and collective contributions of social–emotional, environmental, and demographic antecedents of academic progress. These results suggest that malleable factors in early childhood are important predictors of later academic success, and thus may be viable targets for intervention.
Trophic assessment and isotopic niches of the sympatric penaeids species Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis in SW Atlantic estuarine systems

ABSTRACT Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis are shrimp species which overlap their distribution only in the Southwest Atlantic. In addition, they are fishery resources intensively exploited. The interactions between these two sympatric species, especially sharing of food resources, are still unknown. We have investigated the niche breadth of juvenile pink shrimps in two proximal coastal nurseries (Sepetiba and Guanabara bays) located in Southeast Brazil (∼23°W) by means of stable isotopes and stomach content analyses. These two bays are important nurseries for these species and are located in one of the most populous regions of Brazil. Diets were basically composed of benthic invertebrates (mollusks, crustaceans and polychaetes), particulate organic matter and benthic diatoms. We detected significant spatial differences in isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N), with pink shrimps from Guanabara Bay displaying the lowest values of both isotopes. The δ13C range and diet support that benthic microalgae are the primary producers in P. brasiliensis and P. paulensis food chains. Trophic diversity was higher in Guanabara Bay based on δ15N range, Standard Ellipse Area, and Centroid Distance metrics, displaying greater individual variability in isotopic signatures compared to Sepetiba Bay, probably due to enhanced food diversity and spatial heterogeneity in the former. The overlap in the ellipses areas between the two shrimp species was greater in Sepetiba Bay and indicates a greater sharing of resources that should be more abundant and available. Niche metrics analysis revealed greater spatial rather than interspecific differences. We advocate paying particular attention to monitoring the pink shrimps of Sepetiba Bay due to their smaller trophic niche width and lower δ15N range, which increases their sensitivity to changing habitat, mainly due to human actions.
The Value-At-Risk Estimate of Stock and Currency-Stock Portfolios’ Returns

This study utilizes the seven bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models to forecast the out-of-sample value-at-risk (VaR) of 21 stock portfolios and seven currency-stock portfolios with three weight combinations, and then employs three accuracy tests and one efficiency test to evaluate the VaR forecast performance for the above models. The seven models are constructed by four types of bivariate variance-covariance specifications and two approaches of parameters estimates. The four types of bivariate variance-covariance specifications are the constant conditional correlation (CCC), asymmetric and symmetric dynamic conditional correlation (ADCC and DCC), and the BEKK, whereas the two types of approach include the standard and non-standard approaches. Empirical results show that, regarding the accuracy tests, the VaR forecast performance of stock portfolios varies with the variance-covariance specifications and the approaches of parameters estimate, whereas it does not vary with the weight combinations of portfolios. Conversely, the VaR forecast performance of currency-stock portfolios is almost the same for all models and still does not vary with the weight combinations of portfolios. Regarding the efficiency test via market risk capital, the NS-BEKK model is the most suitable model to be used in the stock and currency-stock portfolios for bank risk managers irrespective of the weight combination of portfolios.
AnoA : A Differential Anonymity Framework

Protecting individuals’ privacy in online communications has become a challenge of paramount importance. To this end, anonymous communication (AC) protocols such as the widely used Tor network have been designed to provide anonymity to their participating users. In this work we present AnoA: a generic framework for defining, analyzing, and quantifying anonymity properties for AC protocols. AnoA relies on a novel relaxation of the notion of (computational) differential privacy, and thereby enables a unified quantitative analysis of well-established anonymity properties, such as sender anonymity and recipient anonymity. Moreover we present MATor, a tool for rigorously assessing the degree of anonymity in the Tor network. MATor utilizes AnoA and outputs guarantees for the Tor network that explicitly address how user anonymity is impacted by real-life characteristics of actually deployed Tor, such as its path selection algorithm, Tor consensus data, and the preferences and the connections of the user. Keywords-anonymity analysis; differential privacy; Tor; provable privacy
An Avocado Extract Enriched in Mannoheptulose Prevents the Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet in Mice

Beginning at 16 weeks of age and continuing for 44 weeks, male C57BL/6J were fed either a control (CON) diet; a high-fat (HF) diet (60% unsaturated); or the HF diet containing an extract of unripe avocados (AvX) enriched in the 7-carbon sugar mannoheptulose (MH), designed to act as a glycolytic inhibitor (HF + MH). Compared to the CON diet, mice on the HF diet exhibited higher body weights; body fat; blood lipids; and leptin with reduced adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity, VO2max, and falls from a rotarod. Mice on the HF + MH diet were completely protected against these changes in the absence of significant diet effects on food intake. Compared to the CON diet, oxidative stress was also increased by the HF diet indicated by higher levels of total reactive oxygen species, superoxide, and peroxynitrite measured in liver samples by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, whereas the HF + MH diet attenuated these changes. Compared to the CON, the HF diet increased signaling in the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and the addition of the MH-enriched AvX to this diet attenuated these changes. Beyond generating further interest in the health benefits of avocados, these results draw further new attention to the effects of this rare sugar, MH, as a botanical intervention for preventing obesity.
Evidence of learning walks related to scorpion home burrow navigation

The Navigation by Chemotextural Familiarity Hypothesis (NCFH) suggests that scorpions use their midventral pectines to gather chemical and textural information near their burrows and use this information as they subsequently return home. For NCFH to be viable, animals must somehow acquire home-directed “tastes” of the substrate, such as through path integration (PI) and/or learning walks. We conducted laboratory behavioral trials using desert grassland scorpions (Paruroctonus utahensis). Animals reliably formed burrows in small mounds of sand we provided in the middle of circular, sandlined behavioral arenas. We processed overnight infrared video recordings with a MATLAB script that tracked animal movements at 1-2 s intervals. In all, we analyzed the movements of 23 animals, representing nearly 1500 hours of video recording. We found that once animals established their home burrows, they immediately made one to several short, looping excursions away from and back to their burrows before walking greater distances. We also observed similar excursions when animals made burrows in level sand in the middle of the arena (i.e., no mound provided). These putative learning walks, together with recently reported PI in scorpions, may provide the crucial home-directed information requisite for NCFH.
Learning unfamiliar voices

Subjects listened to a series of recorded voice samples obtained from unfamiliar speakers and were then given a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test. Recognition performance improved when the voice-sample duration was increased from 6 to 60 s, when the target set size was reduced from 20 to 5 voices, and when slides of faces provided context information. Recognition performance was not significantly different for retention intervals of 15 min and 10 days. For the conditions of our experiments, voice learning was inferior to face learning.
Determination of abrasion resistance of Fe28Cr5C1Mn coating applied to 30MnB5 boron alloy cultivator blades via electric arc spray

The poor abrasive wear behavior of agricultural machinery affects the farmers all over the world, rendering their activities more inefficient and negatively affecting their productivity. Therefore, innovation in the manufacture of soil cultivation machinery and the selection of wear-resistant materials has been of great importance. Recently, boron alloys, in particular, have been used in the manufacture of machinery parts that work the soil. The aim of this was to investigate the behavior of the blades of the machines widely used in soil cultivation in agricultural production following a surface treatment technique. For this purpose, the blades made of 30MnB5, a material widely used in the production of cultivator blades, were used as substrate samples in the trials as well as blades of the same substrate coated with Fe28Cr5C1Mn alloy wire via the electric arc spray technique. The morphologies and structures of the uncoated and coated samples were comprehensively analyzed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. In addition, their microhardness, porosity, and surface roughness properties were assessed separately before and after plowing. These prepared blades were tested under in the same conditions by plowing the same field at two different soil moisture. Although the weight loss was measured as 9.4 g and 5.4 g in the uncoated and in the coated sample at 9% moisture level, respectively, the weight losses were at 14% humidity level were 10.6 g and 5.9 g in the uncoated and coated samples, respectively. Although the amount of wear increased with increasing humidity levels in both groups, the mass wear loss in cultivator blades coated with Fe25Cr5C1Mn alloy wire was found to be lower in all trials. The results suggest that coating the cultivator blades using electric arc spray would increase agricultural productivity and reduce factors that cause environmental pollution.
Characterising the Limits of the OpenFlow Slow-Path

The OpenFlow standard accommodates network control traffic by providing packet in and out messages for sending packets between the network and controller. We conduct comprehensive measurements of the performance of this control architecture in different configurations across five hardware switches, each from a different vendor, representing a broad range of OpenFlow offerings, from implementations built on legacy ASIC architectures, to those implemented solely with OpenFlow in mind. The best performing switch achieved a maximum mean packet-in rate of 5,145 messages per second, representing less than 3Mbps of traffic. Additionally, all switches tested failed to maintain control traffic latency under 50ms in one or more tests. We find the slow-path performance of these hardware switches is easily overloaded and is insufficient for modern network control architectures.
New 4.5 kV IGBT and diode chip set for HVDC Transmission Applications

In this paper, we present the development of a new 4.5 kV trench field stop IGBT and an emitter controlled EC diode for industry applications and especially for HVDC application in an IHM-B package. The IGBT and diode performance is focused on very low on state voltages, fast turn on switching behavior of the IGBT especially for high voltage and high current beyond the standard conditions and simultaneously high robust short circuit performance. Furthermore an extremely high IGBT and diode robustness during over current turn-off is demonstrated. The new devices are designed for an operation temperature up to 150 °C. These features were realized by adaption of the trench cell design as well as the vertical structure of the 6.5 kV IGBT [1] for the 4.5 kV voltage class and improvement of the vertical structure of the IGBT and diode using HDR technology [2] for both devices.
Design and Implementation of a Persian-Chinese Online Dictionary Based on WAMP

According to the actual demand, there are more and more Persian learners in China. However, there doesn’t exist a Persian-Chinese online dictionary of comprehensive and rich explanations so far. This paper designs and implements an online dictionary based on WAMP, which can look up words, phrases and sentences together with rich examples between Persian and Chinese, aiming at bringing a convenience to Persian learners.
Changes in bone mineral status and bone size during pregnancy and the influences of body weight and calcium intake 1 – 3

Background: Calcium may be mobilized from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy, which may be influenced by several factors. Objective: The objective was to investigate changes in bone mineral status and size during pregnancy and to consider the influences of body weight and calcium intake. Design: Thirty-four British women were studied before pregnancy and 2 wk postpartum (Preg). Eighty-four nonpregnant, nonlactating (NPNL) women were studied over a corresponding time. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and BA-adjusted BMC of the whole-body, lumbar spine, radius, and hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiom-
Determinants for fallowing land: The case of Kosovo

The key question of this paper is why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when the total land of their farms is rather small and households are rather large. In order to elicit some barriers to land utilisation in Kosovo, the paper is based on a comprehensive survey carried out in 2005 investigating agricultural households’ perceptions of production and market conditions, and employs several households and farm characteristics to empirically approximate the significance of different factors for leaving land fallow and not using it for production purposes. Three different econometric models are used expected to fit the data distribution. All estimated model specifications show a statistical significance at a satisfactory level and no severe signs of misspecification. The main determinants of the share of land left fallow by farmers in Kosovo are economic and institutional: low profitability of farming and difficulty to access inputs. The increase in incentives to farmers by improving market institutions up- and downstream is one measure which could alleviate the barriers to land use.
Physico-chemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of stirred yoghurt containing Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) fruit extract

: In this study polyphenol extract (BPE) of Ber fruit ( Zizyphus mauritiana ) was prepared by vacuum evaporation of ethanol extract of edible portion (pulp and skin) of fruit fortified into stirred yoghurt. A ratio of 0.20 BPE (mg/g) to 1.0 BPE (mg/g) was added for yoghurt preparation. Based on various sensory attributes, stirred yoghurt with BPE 0.8 mg /g per cent was chosen as best among these samples when compared with the control stirred yoghurt. Optimized yoghurt contains 82.36±0.545 % moisture, 6.45±0.08 % protein, 0.98±0.001 % ash, 0.1% fat, 0.026 ppm Mn, 3.85 ppm Zn, 0.9407 ppm Cu and 950 ppm Ca, respectively. Water holding capacity of the fortified yoghurt increased significantly on increasing the BPE concentration from 41.23±0.73g/100g to 46.66 ± 1.13g/100g. Total phenolic content increased significantly on increasing the concentration of BPE 0.8 mg/g. Fortification of BPE resulted in Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of 504.4± 9.3μg GAE/ g from 216.88±9. 41μg GAE/ g in control sample. Storage period of 20 days showed non-significant losses in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. TPC decreased from 504.4±9.3 μg GAE/g to 438.17±15.58 μg GAE/g and % DPPH inhibition decreased from 74.22 ±2.77% to 67.4 ±1.32% after 20 days storage at 4°C.
Investigation on the Physical Characteristics of Raw Wool Fibers in Ethiopia

Ethiopia’s economy is primarily based on agriculture (46% of Gross Domestic Product). The Ethiopian textile and apparel industry have grown an average of 51% over the last five years. Ethiopia’s sheep population, estimated to be 25.5 million heads, is found to be widely distributed across the diverse agro-ecological zones of the country. Wool, common name applied to the soft, curly fibers obtained chiefly from the fleece of domesticated sheep and used extensively in textile manufacturing. The fleece of sheep raised for wool is generally shorn once yearly, in the spring or early summer. In regions where the climate is warm throughout the year, shearing may occur twice annually. The value of wool on the market depends primarily on fineness and length of fiber. Strength, elasticity, amount of crimp, and uniformity are also considered. The present study was carried out to investigate the physical properties of raw wool fibers. A total of 24 sheep were used in this study. Samples of fiber were analyzed using standard measurements for wool fiber crimp, tenacity, moisture and amount of trash in the raw wool and comparing the weight of the raw wool to the cleaned wool fiber. Samples are drowning from four different parts of the country and the breeds are menz, tikur, farta and washera. The fineness of wool was coarser based on the microns grading system.
Assessment of Competencies in Scientific Inquiry Through the Application of Rasch Measurement Techniques

Achieving competence in scientific inquiry or mastering scientific practices is an essential element of scientific literacy. Clearly, if students’ Scientific Inquiry Competence (SIC) is to be improved, a critical step is to reliably measure it and provide from this measurement feedback for teaching. Although numerous instruments were presented in literature to assess SIC, the specific potential of Rasch measurement for the integration of research assessment and individual feedback onto SIC is so far underestimated. This article presents details regarding the design and evaluation of a test instrument using an open-response format to measure students’ SIC in content-rich biology contexts at the upper secondary level. First, a set of three sub-competences (“generating hypotheses”, “designing experiments” and “analyzing data”) each composed of five competence aspects is introduced from literature to define the SIC construct. The SIC instrument was then operationalized using six open-ended partial-credit items. After pilot testing, the instrument was administered to N = 220 students (ages 15–19) before and after an inquiry-based unit on enzymes. Instrument functioning was evaluated using the Rasch Partial-Credit Model and first results towards satisfactory instrument functioning (e.g., validity and reliability) are presented. Particularly noteworthy is that the observed pattern in competence difficulty matched the pattern predicted from theoretical considerations. We demonstrate how the SIC instrument can be used for competence assessment and the evaluation of the effectiveness of learning.