Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Aflatoxin B1 A Biomarker for Pathogenic Potential of Aspergillus flavus

Given the opportunity and the host immune status, Aspergillus flavus can produce aspergillosis affecting various body organs, while its toxin, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been implicated as a carcinogen in hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on previous findings, A. flavus can be divided into two groups, (i) isolates that can synthesize AFB1, and (ii) isolates unable to produce AFB1. The aim of this study was to assess whether AFB1 can be used as a marker to differentiate clinical and non-clinical isolates of A. flavus. Representative clinical isolates were obtained from patients while non-clinical isolates were obtained from the environment. Isolates were identified as A. flavus using selective media. AFB1 production was assessed through cultural assays and genes for aflatoxin production, aflR and aflS, were amplified using PCR. Conditioned media and methanol extract of A. flavus isolates were prepared and tested for AFB1 presence using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Additionally, conditioned media and extract were tested for their cytotoxic effects on primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and immortalized human heptaoma cells (Huh7). Both clinical and non-clinical isolates of A.flavus exhibited aflatoxin production, albeit some clinical isolates produced excessive AFB1 (up to 15785 ng/mL). Importantly, A. flavus isolates produced higher levels of AFB1, exhibited increased host cell cytotoxicity, whereas strains exhibiting negligible amount of aflatoxin exhibited minimal cytotoxic effects suggesting AFB1 as a marker for pathogenic potential of A. flavus. The ability of aflatoxigenic A. flavus to produce host cell death in primary cells raises additional concern for patients suffering from A. flavus infection.
Action Research on the Implementation of Active Learning at an Elementary School in Aceh

Teachers in the state elementary schools and state Islamic elementary schools of the Indonesian province of Aceh have been trained repeatedly over the past several years on a variety of educational reform initiatives. One of the most important of these has been the effort to promote teaching for active learning in Acehnese schools. Research in other countries, and past experience with teacher training efforts in Aceh, suggest that such a transformation in classroom practice will not be easy. In order to investigate whether and how teachers were transferring their training in active learning into actual classroom practice, a team of lecturers from three universities in Banda Aceh conducted an action research project in one state elementary school. We found that teachers’, principals’, and school supervisors’ understanding of teaching for active learning remained extremely tentative months after receiving training in active learning, and their tentative understanding prevented their active experimentation with what they had learned. A brief retraining session focused on arriving at a common understanding of the concept, committed school leadership, and learning from peers appeared to have a significant impact on teachers’ willingness and ability to try to teach for active learning. Key Words: Active Learning, Action Research, Aceh, Elementary Schools
Herschel and Hubble Study of a Lensed Massive Dusty Starbursting Galaxy at z ∼ 3

We present the results of combined deep Keck/NIRC2, HST/WFC3 near-infrared, and Herschel far-infrared observations of an extremely star-forming dusty lensed galaxy identified from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS J133542.9+300401). The galaxy is gravitationally lensed by a massive WISE-identified galaxy cluster at z ∼ 1. The lensed galaxy is spectroscopically confirmed at z = 2.685 from detection of by GBT and from detection of obtained with CARMA. We use the combined spectroscopic and imaging observations to construct a detailed model of the background dusty lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG), which allows us to study the source plane properties of the target. The best-fit lens model provides magnifications of μstar = 2.10 ± 0.11 and μdust = 2.02 ± 0.06 for the stellar and dust components, respectively. Multiband data yield a magnification-corrected star formation rate of 1900(±200) M⊙ yr−1 and a stellar mass of , consistent with a main sequence of star formation at z ∼ 2.6. The CO observations yield a molecular gas mass of 8.3(±1.0) × 1010 M⊙, similar to the most massive star-forming galaxies, which together with the high star formation efficiency, are responsible for the intense observed star formation rates. The lensed SMG has a very short gas depletion timescale of ∼40 Myr. The high stellar mass and small gas fractions observed indicate that the lensed SMG likely has already formed most of its stellar mass and could be a progenitor of the most massive elliptical galaxies found in the local universe.
Phylogenetic Studies on Thaparocleidus Jain, 1952, Infecting Wallago attu Bloch and Schneider, 1801 Inferred from 28S rDNA Sequences in India

Five species of the genus Thaparocleidus Jain, 1952 (Ancylodiscoidinae) namely T. wallagonius Jain, 1952, T. yogendraii Agrawal, 1981, T. gomtius Jain, (1952) Lim, 1996, T. indicus (Kulkarni, 1969) Lim, 1996 and T. sudhakari (Gusev, 1976 ) Lim, 1996, gill parasites had been collected and restudied in detail, from siluriform fish host, Wallago attu Bloch and Schneider, 1801. All were oioxenous species. T. yogendraii, T. gomtius, T. indicus and T. sudhakari had been collected for molecular study from freshly killed fish hosts (W. attu). We could not collect T. wallagonius (type species) for DNA isolation (rare species). Obtained sequences of T. yogendraii, T. gomtius, T. indicus, and T. sudhakari had been compared with 18 retrieved sequences of Thaparocleidus sp. (Table 1), using Tetraonchus monenteron (as an out group). The phylogenetic tree of the genus Thaparocleidus sp. had been reconstructed using 28S rDNA region. Phylogenetic trees confirmed monophyly of the genus Thaparocleidus. Secondary structures of obtained sequences had been used to predict the genetical distinction of species, based on highest negative free energy and topology of secondary RNA structure.
Comparison of Laboratory Methods and an In Situ Method for Estimating Nitrogen Mineralization in an Irrigated Silt‐Loam Soil

Abstract Nitrogen (N) mineralization makes a considerable contribution to crop‐available N and is difficult to estimate. Reliable methods for measuring N mineralization are needed to produce data sets for developing N‐mineralization models, as a component in fertilizer recommendation algorithms, and to assess the effect of management practices on N mineralization. Numerous methods are available for estimating N mineralization. Laboratory methods are relatively easy but may not reflect conditions in the field, and field methods are usually labor‐intensive. A study was conducted to compare N‐mineralization estimates using anaerobic and aerobic laboratory methods and an in situ field method for the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth of a silt loam soil under irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). Mineralization estimates were also compared to N mineralization based on crop N content. Estimates of N mineralization were 101 kg ha−1 for the anaerobic laboratory method, 284 kg ha−1 for the aerobic laboratory method, and 134 kg ha−1 for the in situ field method. The in situ field method provided a reasonable estimate of N mineralization (0 to 15 cm) when compared to the estimate of mineralized N (root zone) based on crop N content (215 kg ha−1). The in situ field method can be used to measure N mineralization during the growing season and for comparing N mineralization among management practices.
Application of High Performance Photoinitiating Systems for Holographic Grating Recording

In this chapter, a compilation of different systems able to photogenerate active radicals toward polymerization reaction( type I, type II and three component photoinitiating systems) for application in holographic grating recording when associated to monomers is reviewed. In particular, the visible curable system is associated to fluorinated acrylate monomers formulation for creation of transmission gratings. The PIS efficiencies are presented in term of diffraction grating yields and compared to photopolymerization experiments. The special case of photocyclic initiating systems is described in details, its influence on the grating built up being discussed on the basis of selected mixtures using visible dyes, electron donors (e.g. amines), electron acceptors (e.g. iodonium salts) or hydrogen donors as coinitiators. The role of the photochemical properties of dye on the performance of the holographic recording material is investigated through time resolved and steady state spectroscopic studies of the PIS (e.g. nanosecond laser flash photolysis), to highlight the photochemistry underlying active radicals photogeneration. In order to get more insight into the hologram formation, grating formation curves were compared to those of monomer to polymer conversion obtained by real time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RTFTIR). This work outlines the importance of the coupling between the photoinitiating system (i.e. the photochemical reactions) and the holographic resin.
FRICTIONLESS CONTACT OF ELASTIC BODIES: COMPARISON OF TREATMENT IN FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSI AND ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Artificial oscillations in contact force due to non-smooth contact surface are treated by isogeo- metric analysis (IGA). After brief overview of B-splines and Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) rep- resentation, the mortar-based contact algorithm is presented in the frictionless small deformation regime. Contact constraints are regularized by penalty method. The contact algorithm is tested by means of contact patch test.
Morphological Identification of Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria is a phylum of gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content. Among gram-positive bacteria, actinobacteria exhibit the richest morphological differentia‐ tion, which is based on a filamentous degree of organization like filamentous fungi. The actinobacteria morphological characteristics are basic foundation and informa‐ tion of phylogenetic systematics. Classic actinomycetes have well-developed radial mycelium, which can be divided into substrate mycelium and aerial mycelium according to morphology and function. Some actinobacteria can form complicated structures, such as spore, spore chain, sporangia, and sporangiospore. The structure of hyphae and ultrastructure of spore or sporangia can be observed with microscopy. Actinobacteria have different cultural characteristics in various kinds of culture media, which are important in the classification identification, general with spores, aerial hyphae, with or without color and the soluble pigment, different growth condition on various media as the main characteristics. The morphological differen‐ tiation of actinobacteria, especially streptomycetes, is controlled by relevant genes. Both morphogenesis and antibiotic production in the streptomycetes are initiated in response to starvation, and these events are coupled.
EFFECT OF TRIDAX PROCUMBENS HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON WISTAR RATS BLOOD GLUCOSE, TOTAL CHOLESTEROL, AND TRIGLYCERIDES

The hypoglycemic, hypotensive and antioxidant effects of Tridax procumbens have been fundamentally studied in India where the plant is widely used for its medicinal properties. In this work, we treated Wistar rats with two doses of leaves and stems hydroethanolic extract of Benin species of Tridax procumbens every day for 15 days. Three groups of 5 rats were formed, the first control group was treated with 1 ml of water every day, the second group was treated with 1ml of 300mg / kg body weight of extract and the third group was treated with a dose of 500mg / kg body weight every day. Histological studies of the liver and kidney of untreated and treated animals was made to check the toxicity of the extract. Our results demonstrated after 15 days of treatment that none of the doses used has a significant effect on rat blood sugar however we observed a dose dependent effect on lowering blood cholesterol levels compared to controls and a decrease of blood triglycerides levels by the dose of 300mg / kg body weight compared to controls. The two doses used were not toxic to the liver or the kidneys. Tridax procumbens hydroethanolic extract through its regulation of lipid levels in the blood of Wistar rats could fight against dyslipidemia in obese, added to its antioxidant activity the extract could prevent type II diabetes and cardiovascular
Are GRACE-era Terrestrial Water Trends Driven by Anthropogenic Climate Change?

To provide context for observed trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) during GRACE (2003–2014), trends and variability in the CESM1-CAM5 Large Ensemble (LE) are examined. Motivated in part by the anomalous nature of climate variability during GRACE, the characteristics of both forced change and internal modes are quantified and their influences on observations are estimated. Trends during the GRACE era in the LE are dominated by internal variability rather than by the forced response, with TWS anomalies in much of the Americas, eastern Australia, Africa, and southwestern Eurasia largely attributable to the negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). While similarities between observed trends and the model-inferred forced response also exist, it is inappropriate to attribute such trends mainly to anthropogenic forcing. For several key river basins, trends in the mean state and interannual variability and the time at which the forced response exceeds background variability are also estimated while aspects of global mean TWS, including changes in its annual amplitude and decadal trends, are quantified. The findings highlight the challenge of detecting anthropogenic climate change in temporally finite satellite datasets and underscore the benefit of utilizing models in the interpretation of the observed record.
A solid hydraulically amplified piezoelectric microvalve

We report a piezoelectrically driven and hydraulically amplified axial polymer microvalve. The microvalve is normally open and is assembled primarily with stereolithographically fabricated polymer components. An incompressible elastomer is used as a solid hydraulic medium to convert the small axial displacement of a piezoelectric actuator into a large valve head stroke while maintaining a large blocking force. Also, the axial design of the microvalve enables densely packed valve arrays. One application of this microvalve is in pneumatic tactile displays, which operates against gas pressure up to approximately 90 kPa and switching speed between 1 and 200 Hz. The current valve design has a maximum static hydraulic amplification ratio of 5 at 30 V driving voltage and a maximum valve head stroke of 37 µm at 150 V. Under a 94.4 kPa differential pressure, the flow rate of the valve and the closing voltage measure are 785 mL min−1 and 150 V, respectively. The function of the microvalve as an on–off switch for a pneumatic microbubble tactile actuator is demonstrated.
Portable Ultrasound Imaging of the Brain for Use in Forward Battlefield Areas

Abstract : Using ultrasound as a detection device in the body, including the brain, has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, previous ultrasound-based methods in the brain have suffered from the severe distortion caused by the skull bone. However, we have recently developed a technique that allows ultrasound to propagate through the skull with significantly reduced distortion, using a shear mode technique. The current project will develop a device for non-invasive identification of the presence of foreign bodies inside the skull, and localization of such objects within the skull, will be lightweight, portable, durable, battery-operated, easy to use and appropriate for effective and practical battlefield use in forward areas. The finished device will operate in two modes: In the first mode it will function as a hand-held device, powered by AA batteries. In this mode it will provide a simple yes/no indication on the presence of foreign bodies as a function of location in the brain. In the second mode, the same device will also be capable of interfacing with laptop computer via USB interface. In this mode imaging and analysis software will form an image of regions in the brain, which can be interpreted by a medic or relayed to a remote medical professional for evaluation.
Classifying Driver Behaviors for Autonomous Vehicle Navigation

We present a novel approach to automatically identify driver behaviors from vehicle trajectories and use them for safe navigation of autonomous vehicles. We propose a novel set of features that can be easily extracted from car trajectories. We derive a data-driven mapping between these features and six driver behaviors using an elaborate web-based user study. We also compute a summarized score indicating a level of awareness that is needed while driving next to other vehicles. We also incorporate our algorithm into a vehicle navigation simulation system and demonstrate its benefits in terms of safer realtime navigation, while driving next to aggressive or dangerous drivers.
AC 2010-1936: ON-LINE SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT USING LABVIEW AND VISION METHOD FOR E-QUALITY CONTROL

The annual results of laboratory development under an NSF, CCLI sponsored project, “CCLI Phase II: E-Quality for Manufacturing (EQM) Integrated with Web-enabled Production Systems for Engineering Technology Education” (NSF Award # 0618665) is presented. This paper discusses an E-quality learning system developed to automatically measure and monitor the surface roughness of products by utilizing vision technology. Several methods have been developed to measure surface roughness in industry. These methods utilize a contact-based approach to perform the necessary measurements. Our system is developed based on a non-contact method that uses a smart machine vision camera and LabVIEW-based programming. The method for determining the roughness is based on the correlation of optical roughness parameters and the average surface roughness. After the surface roughness monitoring system has been built, it can be applied as an automated quality control system used for educational purposes. Students are able to inspect the pieces cut by CNC machines right after the lab. In addition, they are able to simulate the automatic quality control process which is utilized in the industry. All of the data that is fed back by the machine vision camera can be real-time monitored and recorded for statistical calculations and quality control. In order to introduce students to this emerging technology, the procedural steps are currently being worked out to introduce one or more undergraduate projects at sophomore and junior level engineering courses with a new system consisting of Digital Camera for Microscopes, LabVIEW, MATLAB and standard surface finish comparators.
Emergence of Intelligence through Reinforcement Learning with a Neural Network

“There exist many robots who faithfully execute given programs describing the way of image recognition, action planning, control and so forth. Can we call them intelligent robots? ” In this chapter, the author who has had the above skepticism describes the possibility of the emergence of intelligence or higher functions by the combination of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and a Neural Network (NN), reviewing his works up to now.
RELOCATE: A Container Based Moving Target Defense Approach

In order to cope with border information leakage problem in cloud services, we presented RELOCATE,a moving target defense approach. RELOCATE chose a lightweight operating system virtualization technology named Docker to manage the containers in physical hosts. Docker performs well for tenants’ services because of fast initialization and small footprint. Thus, we used Docker clusters to orchestrate the tenants' services. Additionally, we proposed a novel dynamic relocation strategy to mitigate attacks from malicious neighbors by using themoving target defense thought. Lastly, we conducted a simulation experiment in our testbed. Result shows that RELOCATE is efficient and effective to defense border information leakage attacks
A REVIEW ON ANTIOXIDANT METHODS

ABSTRACT To provide an outlook of the various available methods of antioxidant activity. Various available in vitro and in vivo methods are listed and the procedure to perform the method, its mechanism is also explained in brief. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method was found to be used mostly for the in vitro antioxidant activity evaluation purpose while lipid peroxidation was found as mostly used in vivo antioxidant assay. An ethanol was with the highest frequency as a solvent for extraction purpose. Summarized information on the various methods available provides with reliable information to confirm the benefits of antioxidant effects. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Reactive oxygen species, Free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Flavonoid.
Ultra Low Power Design of Combinational Logic Circuits

: The dynamic power utilization of CMOS circuits is constantly turning into a noteworthy worry in Very Large Scale Integration design. This issue can be fathomed with the assistance of adiabatic method that diminishes the dynamic power utilization in the pull up network and the energy stored on the load capacitance can be recycled. A multiplexer is the essential part of the any digital circuit and a standout amongst the most used circuits. An assortment of uses a multiplexer has, where a multiplexer can be actualized for e.g. in Full Adder, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Digital Compressor and so on. This paper displays the semi adiabatic Modified Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (MPFAL) for low power operation through energy recovery procedure. The circuit of positive Feedback adiabatic (PFAL) inverter has been modified. Correlation with static CMOS and PFAL circuits are made to demonstrate the designs. In post-layout simulation, energy saving funds of 27% is accomplished against the Modified PFAL Inverter, NAND, NOR gates and multiplexer circuits. The different change results are analyzed in mentor graphics.
Human Body Reconstruction

This paper gives a survey of different algorithms of human body reconstruction. According to different input data and devices we introduce human body reconstruction algorithms as two classes: image-based methods and depth data-based methods. The first class reconstructs the body with images, which is fast and convenient. However, it is not so accurate as the second one. Reconstruction methods based on 3D depth data differ in the processing of depth data. Some algorithms have accurate results by using total scanning data. Other algorithms estimate human model from part of depth data by using template or fitting in the database.
Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: a review of diagnostic and therapeutic options

Over recent decades, advances in renal-targeted therapies in systemic sclerosis have caused a shift in the leading causes of scleroderma-related morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary arterial hypertension now confers the worst prognosis in this patient group and a large amount of time and resource is being put into developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve patient outcome. Here we outline the most up-to-date evidence in this area in an attempt to improve current practice.