Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Solar Energetic Particle Transport near a Wavy Heliospheric Current Sheet

Understanding the transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) from acceleration sites at the Sun into interplanetary space and to the Earth is an important question for forecasting space weather. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), with two distinct polarities and a complex structure, governs energetic particle transport and drifts. We analyze for the first time the effect of a wavy heliospheric current sheet (HCS) on the propagation of SEPs. We inject protons close to the Sun and propagate them by integrating fully 3D trajectories within the inner heliosphere in the presence of weak scattering. We model the HCS position using fits based on neutral lines of magnetic field source surface maps (SSMs). We map 1 au proton crossings, which show efficient transport in longitude via HCS, depending on the location of the injection region with respect to the HCS. For HCS tilt angles around 30°–40°, we find significant qualitative differences between A+ and A− configurations of the IMF, with stronger fluences along the HCS in the former case but with a distribution of particles across a wider range of longitudes and latitudes in the latter. We show how a wavy current sheet leads to longitudinally periodic enhancements in particle fluence. We show that for an A+ IMF configuration, a wavy HCS allows for more proton deceleration than a flat HCS. We find that A− IMF configurations result in larger average fluences than A+ IMF configurations, due to a radial drift component at the current sheet.
The effect of steady torsion on fatigue crack growth under rotating bending loading on aluminium alloy 7075-T6

Axles and shafts are of prime importance concerning safety in the transportation industry and railway in particular. Design rules for axles and shafts are mainly based on endurance curves for the material used according to the established standards and procedures. Recently, the knowledge of fatigue crack growth under typical loading conditions of axles and shafts with rotating bending and steady torsion is being object of research and industrial studies in order to apply damage tolerance concepts, mainly for maintenance purposes. The effect of a steady torsion on fatigue crack growth under rotating bending is focused in this paper. While axles and shafts in the transportation industry are traditionally designed on steels, the need for weight reduction due to fuel economy and eco-design constraints, lightweight materials must be considered for these applications. In this study, fatigue crack growth on rotating bending axles and shafts with or without an applied steady torsion is presented. Fracture mechanics approaches are used to analyze the results based on Stress Intensity Factors developed for bending and torsion in shafts and show fatigue crack growth retardation when steady torsion is applied. Fractographic observations using SEM are presented and helped to explain the fatigue crack growth retardation observed when steady torsion is applied to rotating bending. Results are compared for the same loading conditions on steels and relevant differences on fatigue crack growth are commented.
Algorithmic problem solving: three years on

"Algorithmic problem solving" introduces problem-solving skills based on the principles of correct-by-construction algorithm design. Introduced three years ago as a 1st-year option, the module has overcome initial opposition, and became compulsory for all 1st-year students of Computer Science and Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Nottingham from September, 2006. This paper gives a short introduction to the goals of the module and how the goals are being realised.
Interferometry with TOPS: coregistration and azimuth shifts

Recently concerns have emerged regarding interferometry with TOPS, since it has been stated that a highly accurate azimuth alignment is needed to avoid phase bias in the interferometric phase. However, one should distinguish between effects due to limited geometric accuracy related to the static scene (e.g., orbit or DEM), and geophysical signals (actual azimuth displacements), which might give rise to legitimate phase jumps at the border between subsequent bursts. This paper addresses this topic and suggests an alternative methodology to process and interpret TOPS interferograms of non-stationary scenarios.
The Self and Other: Portraying Israeli and Palestinian Identities on Twitter

The conflict between Israel and Palestine has lasted over half a century, with both sides enduring military and political turmoil. This paper explores how Twitter is being used as a medium to portray identities in the conflict. We examine the tweets contained in the @IDFspokesperson and @ISMPalestine Twitter accounts between late 2015 and early 2016. Using textual analysis, we gain an insight into how these Twitter accounts, defined by the conflict, are used in portraying the self and the other.
Plant phenology in relation to water availability: herbaceous and woody species in the savannas of northern Cameroon

ABSTRACT Phenological patterns of herbaceous and woody plants well represented in the Sudano-Sahelian savannas of northern Cameroon were studied in relation to water availability in three contrasted soil types. Mean annual precipitation in this region is 800 mm, entirely restricted to the period May-June to September-October, but redistribution of rainwater by varying soil substrates leads to considerable heterogeneity in available water resources for plants. Results are discussed in terms of probable competition for water resources among co-occurring plants and the adaptations shown by observed patterns to prevailing environmental conditions. Water stress is seen to be a limiting factor to plant growth but does not constitute the sole trigger for the phenological phases observed, nor is it the principal factor responsible for the preponderance of annual species in the herbaceous stratum.
Influence of particle size on physical and sensory attributes of mango pulp powder

Abstract The present investigation was aimed to observe the effect of particle size on physical, sensory and thermal properties of foam-mat dried mango pulp powder. Mango pulp of Dussehri variety was foam-mat dried using 3% egg white at 65ºC. Dried foam-mats were pulverized and passed through a sieve shaker for obtaining three grades of powder with 50, 60, and 85 mesh size sieves. The particle size of these samples measured using laser diffraction particle size analyzer ranged from 191.26 to 296.19 μm. The data was analysed statistically using ANOVA of SAS. There was a linear increase in lightness (‘L’ value) with a decrease in particle size, however, ‘a’ value decreased with a decrease in particle size, indicating the decrease in redness. An increase in bulk density and decrease in water solubility index and water absorption index % were observed with a decrease in particle size. Particle size had a significant effect on sensory parameters. Particle size in the range of 258.01 to 264. 60μmwas found most acceptable with respect to sensory characteristics. This finding can be exploited for various commercial applicationswhere powder quality is dependent on the particle size and has foremost priority for end users.
A 6% measurement of the Hubble parameter at z∼0.45: direct evidence of the epoch of cosmic re-acceleration

Deriving the expansion history of the Universe is a major goal of modern cosmology. To date, the most accurate measurements have been obtained with Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), providing evidence for the existence of a transition epoch at which the expansion rate changes from decelerated to accelerated. However, these results have been obtained within the framework of specific cosmological models that must be implicitly or explicitly assumed in the measurement. It is therefore crucial to obtain measurements of the accelerated expansion of the Universe independently of assumptions on cosmological models. Here we exploit the unprecedented statistics provided by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS, [1-3]) Data Release 9 to provide new constraints on the Hubble parameter H(z) using the cosmic chronometers approach. We extract a sample of more than 130000 of the most massive and passively evolving galaxies, obtaining five new cosmology-independent H(z) measurements in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 0.5, with an accuracy of ∼11–16% incorporating both statistical and systematic errors. Once combined, these measurements yield a 6% accuracy constraint of H(z = 0.4293) = 91.8 ± 5.3 km/s/Mpc. The new data are crucial to provide the first cosmology-independent determination of the transition redshift at high statistical significance, measuring zt = 0.4 ± 0.1, and to significantly disfavor the null hypothesis of no transition between decelerated and accelerated expansion at 99.9% confidence level. This analysis highlights the wide potential of the cosmic chronometers approach: it permits to derive constraints on the expansion history of the Universe with results competitive with standard probes, and most importantly, being the estimates independent of the cosmological model, it can constrain cosmologies beyond—and including—the ΛCDM model.
Discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for gradient plasticity.

In this report we apply discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods to the equations of an incompatibility based formulation of gradient plasticity. The presentation is motivated with a brief overview of the description of dislocations within a crystal lattice. A tensor representing a measure of the incompatibility with the lattice is used in the formulation of a gradient plasticity model. This model is cast in a variational formulation, and discontinuous Galerkin machinery is employed to implement the formulation into a finite element code. Finally numerical examples of the model are shown.
THE POLITICS OF INNOVATIVE SELF PRESENTATION: THE CASE STUDY OF DRAMATURGICAL POLITICAL MARKETING IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA.

Dr.Hary Wahyudi. The strength of innovative political marketing dramaturgy is on the self, not the role of an actor. There is an actor who plays the role enchantingly, however when the role is played by another actor, suddenly the enchantment is lost. Therefore, the real strength of dramaturgy belongs to the actors, not the roles. Roles may be replaceable, because the most important one is not the role, but the actors’ performance, innovative self-presentation by the actors to play the role. This research finds that the positioning of front stage and back stage has an opposite relation, indeed, the back stage of actors might turns into the front stage, this turning or changing process is not continually done by internal actors or team mates, however the changing or turning process is done by external actors or audiences, out of the team work. The existence of new stage called quasi stage, stage belongs to the actors and audiences who have no roles on dramaturgical event, however in a certain time this stage creates its own role which is able to turn over the prepared “plot”. This quasi stage is different from the outer stage, which is viewed on dramaturgical theory.
Parental Divorce and Sibling Relationships

This study examines long-term effects of parental divorce on sibling relationships in adulthood and the role of predivorce parental conflict. It used large-scale retrospective data from the Netherlands that contain reports from both siblings of the sibling dyad. Results show limited effects of parental divorce on sibling contact and relationship quality in adulthood but strong effects on sibling conflict. The greater conflict among siblings from divorced families is explained by the greater parental conflict in these families. Parental conflict is a far more important predictor than parental divorce per se. Siblings from high-conflict families have less contact, lower relationship quality, and more conflict than do siblings from low-conflict families. Finally, when it comes to sibling relationship quality, the effect of parental divorce depends on the amount of parental conflict. Parental divorce has little effect on the quality of the relationship in low-conflict families, but it improves the relationship in high-conflict families.
The Attractive Experience on Sustainable Tourism in Huangshan Star-scaled Hotels

 Abstract—Hotel, as a key component of accommodation, which is a major element of tourism industry with this sustainable idea, the long-term of view, is very attracting the eyes of sustainablism in its regular management. Especially star-scale hotels' positioning remains important in global marketing by international growing and sustainable developing. However some star-scale hotels in China have been slow in adapting and contributing to sustainable tourism. They essentially need to learn from Huangshan Hotels, to improve their sustainability by this learning and enhancing their real sustainable competencies in this market. This dissertation aims to show the behaviors, attitudes and perceptions towards the awareness and adoption of sustainability and contribution to sustainable tourism in hotels, especially star-scale hotels, take the Huangshan Hotels as an example, by surveying the hoteliers, by analyzing the relevant literature and investigating star-scale hotels and relevant local authorities in a traditional tourism destination- Huangshan, a typical representative, locates in Southeast China. A theoretical framework embracing sustainable tourism development, star- scale hotels, through which current and potential improvement as an essential component in sustainable tourism are analyzed. On the other hand local authorities' attitudes and policies to support the development of those hotels are also examined. Based on this framework, star-scale hotels and relevant local authorities in Huangshan are surveyed in an attempt to identify existing circumstance and potential developing of star- scale hotels' sustainability as a contribution to sustainable tourism, discover their awareness and attitudes towards that improvement as well as examine their future plans or expectations with regards to it. Given the attractive and valuable experience, the image may have been highlightened and amplified by those later followers.
Relationship between major soil properties and culturable microorganisms affecting CH 4 and N 2 O dynamics in rice soils ( Beziehungen zwischen wesentlichen Bodeneigenschaften und kultivierbaren , die CH 4-und N 2 O-Dynamik beeinflussenden Mikroorganismen )

Microorganisms associated with methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics were studied in eight rice (Oryza sativa L.) soils by culture-dependent most probable number (MPN) methods. Enumeration of methanogens showed that acetoclastic methanogens (10 to 10 cells g) outnumbered lithotrophic methanogens (10 cells g). Serological analysis indicated that type II methanotrophs belonging to Methylosinus and Methylocystis genera are probably the dominant CH4oxidizing communities. For chemolithotrophic nitrifiers, nitrite oxidizers outnumbered ammonium oxidizers in most of the studied soils. The populations of both the acetoclastic methanogens (p1⁄4 0.05) and methanotrophs (p1⁄4 0.06) exponentially increased with the soil pH. Soil denitrifier populations (in a range of 10 to 10 cells g) exponentially decreased as soil C content increased (p1⁄4 0.03). Nitrifier and denitrifier populations generally showed a similar trend of variation with soil C/N ratio. The largest nitrifier populations were found in the Texas soil (C/N1⁄4 13.9), and largest denitrifier population in the Arkansas soil (C/N1⁄4 13.1). The relationships between the studied microbial groups and major soil properties help to understand the dynamics of CH4 and N2O production and consumption in soils.
Linear sigma EFT for nearly conformal gauge theories

We construct a generalized linear sigma model as an effective field theory (EFT) to describe nearly conformal gauge theories at low energies. The work is motivated by recent lattice studies of gauge theories near the conformal window, which have shown that the lightest flavor-singlet scalar state in the spectrum (σ) can be much lighter than the vector state (ρ) and nearly degenerate with the PNGBs (π) over a large range of quark masses. The EFT incorporates this feature. We highlight the crucial role played by the terms in the potential that explicitly break chiral symmetry. The explicit breaking can be large enough so that a limited set of additional terms in the potential can no longer be neglected, with the EFT still weakly coupled in this new range. The additional terms contribute importantly to the scalar and pion masses. In particular, they relax the inequality M2σ ≥ 3M2π, allowing for consistency with current lattice data.
Trade Liberalization, Division of Labor, and Firm Productivity

In this paper, we construct a simplified general oligopolistic equilibrium (GOLE) model, in which Smith's (1776) famous theory of division of labor is embedded. In the absence of labor market integration with trading countries, we show that trade liberalization promotes a reduction of the number of firms in each country and a deeper division of labor, thus increasing firm productivity and improving welfare. Our model suggests a new interpretation of the trade-induced firm productivity effect.
Viewer for an Integral 3 D imaging system

In this work, we study a technique called Integral imaging. This technique consists in a threedimensional scene reconstruction from two-dimensional images called elementary images. The method we use shows that under natural light conditions and through a computer program, we can get the different planes' depth of the three-dimensional scene. In addition, it will be demonstrated the different objects occlusions that may occur and its effects or problems can be reduced or solved by vertical and horizontal parallax.
The Respiratory Metabolism of Acanthamoeba rhysodes During Encystation

The endogenous respiration of vegetative amoebae, harvested during active growth, was similar in both the culture medium and in the high salt medium used to induce the encystation of starved amoebae. The respiration of starved amoebae and early stages of encystation was suppressed in high salt medium and stimulated when returned to the culture medium. A transient increase in respiration was observed early in encystation, while the respiration of later encystation stages decreased to the low level observed in mature cysts. The respiratory metabolism of mitochondria isolated from encysting amoebae was similar to that of mitochondria from vegetative amoebae while cyst mitochondria exhibited little respiration. The catalase and acid phosphatase activities of amoebae increased during starvation and encystation.
Shelter scaling regulates survival of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus

Manne habitats with limited refugia from predation but adequate food may support increases in prey abundance if artificial shelters placed in these habitats reduce predation-induced mortahty. Moreover, the protective capacity of shelters may vary according to the scaling between shelter size and prey size. We tested these hypotheses with field tethering experiments in Bahia de la Ascension, Mexico, by examining the impact of different-sized artif~cial shelters upon mortality rates of 3 luvenile size-classes of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus at 2 s ~ t e s (inner-bay sand-seagrass flat and outer-bay seagrass bed adjacent to coral reefs). The artificial shelters were sunken concrete structures (casitas) that simulate lobster dens. We also quantified potential predators and estimated the physical features of casitas that influence den choice by juvenile spiny lobster. In the tethering experiments, spiny lobster survival was (1) higher in casitas than seagrass meadows, irrespective of casita size; (2) generally higher in smaller than larger casitas, though the effect depended upon the relationship between lobster and shelter size; and (3) independent of site. Thus, spiny lobster survival depends not only upon the availability of shelter, but also on the scaling between shelter size and lobster size. Predator observations indicated that the size range, maximum size and species diversity of predators increased with casita size, thereby imposing higher predation intensity in larger casitas. Furthermore, since shelter appears to limit spiny lobster abundance in habitats such as reefs and seagrass meadows, placement of appropriately-scaled artificial shelters (e.g cas~tas) in nursery areas like the study site is likely to augment habitat carrying capacity by increasing protection from predators.
From paper to practice - academics and practitioners working together in enhancing the use of occupational therapy conceptual models

Introduction: Occupational therapy students are exposed to theoretical models of practice in lectures, and practice application of these during clinical fieldwork placements. During fieldwork, they are exposed to supervising therapists’ approach to theory and model use; and are often confronted with a theory-practice gap. With limited literature available on South African therapists’ use of models, the objective of this study was to observe and describe the use of models by occupational therapists in the Free State, South Africa, to inform collaborative efforts in the process of knowledge transfer between academia, practice and students. Methods: A cross sectional study was done by means of a questionnaire survey, with therapists responsible for fieldwork supervision of students; and a workshop evaluation completed by therapists attending a workshop on model use. Results: Results describe 22 supervising therapists’ use of and perceptions around models; and their own and students’ application thereof, and was used to design a workshop on model use. Workshop evaluations completed by 20 attendees indicated that therapists perceived it as enabling with regard to applying new models with more confidence and competence, and that they felt more confident to supervise students in model use. Conclusion: This study and its resulting workshop show how collaboration between therapists and academics can improve the theory-practice link, benefiting therapists’ professional identity and ultimately impacting on undergraduate training.
EVIDENCE FOR H2 FORMATION DRIVEN DUST GRAIN ALIGNMENT IN IC 63

In the interstellar medium (ISM), molecular hydrogen is expected to form almost exclusively on the surfaces of dust grains. Due to that molecule's large formation energy (−4.5 eV), several dynamical effects are likely associated with the process, including the alignment of asymmetric dust grains with the ambient magnetic field. Such aligned dust grains are, in turn, believed to cause the broadband optical/infrared polarization observed in the ISM. Here, we present the first observational evidence for grain alignment driven by H2 formation, by showing that the polarization of the light from stars behind the reflection nebula IC 63 appears to correlate with the intensity of H2 fluorescence. While our results strongly suggest a role for “Purcell rockets” in grain alignment, additional observations are needed to conclusively confirm their role. By showing a direct connection between H2 formation and a probe of the dust characteristics, these results also provide one of the first direct confirmations of the grain-surface formation of H2. We compare our observations to ab initio modeling based on Radiative Torque Alignment (RAT) theory.