Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Analysis of Infinite-State Systems

Many important software systems, including communication protocols and concurrent and distributed algorithms generate infinite state-spaces. Model-checking which is the most prominent algorithmic technique for the verification of concurrent systems is restricted to the analysis of finite-state models. Algorithmic analysis of infinite-state models is complicated—most interesting properties are undecidable for sufficiently expressive classes of infinite-state models. In this thesis, we focus on the development of algorithmic analysis techniques for two important classes of infinite-state models: FIFO Systems and Parameterized Systems. FIFO systems consisting of a set of finite-state machines that communicate via unbounded, perfect, FIFO channels arise naturally in the analysis of distributed protocols. We study the problem of computing the set of reachable states of a FIFO system composed of piecewise components. This problem is closely related to calculating the set of all possible channel contents, i.e. the limit language. We present new algorithms for calculating the limit language of a system with a single communication channel and important subclasses of multi-channel systems. We also discuss the complexity of these algorithms. Furthermore, we present a procedure that translates a piecewise FIFO system to an abridged structure, representing an expressive abstraction of the system. We show that we can analyze the infinite computations of the more concrete model by analyzing the computations of the finite, abridged model. Parameterized systems are a common model of computation for concurrent systems consisting of an arbitrary number of homogenous processes. We study the reachability problem in parameterized systems of infinite-state processes. We describe a framework that combines Abstract Interpretation with a backward-reachability algorithm. Our key idea is to create an abstract domain in which each element (a) represents the lower bound on the number of processes at a control location and (b) employs a numeric abstract domain to capture arithmetic relations among variables of the processes. We also provide an extrapolation operator for the domain to guarantee sound termination of the backwardreachability algorithm.
A Novel Technique for Merging of Multisensor and Defocussed Images using Multiwavelets

We present a novel method for merging of images from different sensors or defocussed images from same sensor. In this purposed method discrete multiwavelet transform (DMWT) has been used for decomposition. The advantages of DMWT is its sensitivity to different kinds of object features in images and it does precise image analysis than wavelet multiresolution analysis. The purposed algorithm assumed the images are registered from different sources. This has become of interest due to increasing number of sensors in various applications such as medical, surveillance, remote sensing and so on. Fusion is a technique of extracting best of inputs and conveying to the output. Fusion is achieved through the formation of fused pyramid with the DMWT coefficients from the decomposed pyramids of the source images. Coefficients are combined based on importance of the coefficient in the bands. The fused image is obtained through DMWT reconstruction process. Results obtained from purposed method significantly reduces distortion artifacts.
SYNTOCINON AND ERGOMETRINE IN THE PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE

POSTPARTUM haemorrhage remains an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. It has been established (Lister, 1950; Martin and Dumoulin, 1953) that intravenous ergometrine given with the birth of the head or anterior shoulder reduces the risk of haemorrhage but there are some disadvantages. The injection has to be precisely timed and it requires the presence of a second attendant, usually a doctor, at the delivery. The placenta is sometimes imprisoned and the manual removal rate has been raised in some series. Intramuscular ergometrine is less satisfactory, mainly because of its slower action (Embrey, 1961), but it has been advocated by Daley (1951) who reported a considerable improvement on the “physiological” management of the third stage. Kimbell(1954, 1958) added hyaluronidase to the intramuscular injection to speed up the action of the ergometrine. He reported very good results and these were confirmed by Dutton (1958). Embrey and his colleagues (1961, 1963) have shown that a mixture of Syntocinon and ergometrine acts more quickly than ergometrine and hyaluronidase and that it is effective when given by intramuscular injection. We wondered whether it would be better to give the Syntocinon after the birth of the head and the ergometrine after the expulsion of the placenta. There seems to be a tendency, when ergometrine is given earlier, for the placenta to be retained, either by a generalized contraction or an hour-glass contraction of the uterus. In almost all the reported series the rate of manual removal of the placenta has been over 1 per cent. Several authors have referred to an increased risk of retention of the placenta but have rightly stressed that this is a small price to pay for the reduction in postpartum haemorrhage. Although an occasional imprisoned placenta may not matter very much in a fully equipped hospital it is disturbing to the domiciliary midwife or general practitioner and may require a call for the mobile obstetric team. A method which would reduce this risk would be specially suited to the domiciliary environment and it is here that the danger of postpartum haemorrhage is greatest. It is unwise to rely on Syntocinon alone because there is a risk of delayed haemorrhage when its action wears off after 15 to 30 minutes. This risk was noted using posterior pituitary extract (Bickers, 1943 ; McConnell and Schauffer, 1943; Lister, 1950) and we found the same risk when using Syntocinon alone in a few cases.
A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers.

BACKGROUND Recently, two centers have independently developed a risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study investigated (1) whether risk scores are valid across centers and (2) whether risk scores based on logistic regression coefficients can be simplified without loss of discriminating power. METHODS Adult patients from two centers (Oulu, Finland: n = 520, and Wuerzburg, Germany: n = 2202) received inhalational anesthesia (without antiemetic prophylaxis) for various types of surgery. PONV was defined as nausea or vomiting within 24 h of surgery. Risk scores to estimate the probability of PONV were obtained by fitting logistic regression models. Simplified risk scores were constructed based on the number of risk factors that were found significant in the logistic regression analyses. Original and simplified scores were cross-validated. A combined data set was created to estimate a potential center effect and to construct a final risk score. The discriminating power of each score was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Risk scores derived from one center were able to predict PONV from the other center (area under the curve = 0.65-0.75). Simplification did not essentially weaken the discriminating power (area under the curve = 0.63-0.73). No center effect could be detected in a combined data set (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.71-1.59). The final score consisted of four predictors: female gender, history of motion sickness (MS) or PONV, nonsmoking, and the use of postoperative opioids. If none, one, two, three, or four of these risk factors were present, the incidences of PONV were 10%, 21%, 39%, 61% and 79%. CONCLUSIONS The risk scores derived from one center proved valid in the other and could be simplified without significant loss of discriminating power. Therefore, it appears that this risk score has broad applicability in predicting PONV in adult patients undergoing inhalational anesthesia for various types of surgery. For patients with at least two out of these four identified predictors a prophylactic antiemetic strategy should be considered.
Gastrocnemius Perforating Artery Flap Including Vascularized Sural Nerve

A degree of communication was found between the superficial sural artery (the concomitant vessel of the sural nerve) and the muscle perforators from the gastrocnemius muscle, together with the cutaneous branches of the peroneal artery. A fasciocutaneous flap designed in the posterior calf region, including the vascularized sural nerve, was elevated based on the perforating artery of the gastrocnemius. This compound flap was used to reconstruct facial nerves and soft-tissue defects created by resection of malignant tumors in three patients. The results were satisfactory, and facial animation returned in two patients, who were followed-up for more than 6 months. This compound flap offers several advantages, such as a long vascular pedicle with a sufficient diameter and a rich blood supply for the sural nerve and fasciocutaneous flap. This new technique should become another choice for vascularized sural nerve grafts, when the superficial sural artery or the cutaneous branches of the peroneal artery are not adequate for flap elevation or microsurgical anastomoses.
Periodate Oxidized ATP (oATP) Reduces Hyperalgesia in Mice: Involvement of P2X7 Receptors and Implications for Therapy

Some inflammatory mediators play an important role not only in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory pain, but also in that of neuropathic and visceral pain. We previously showed the antihyperalgesic effect of oATP, the inhibitor of the P2X7 receptors for the pro-nociceptive ATP, in experimental inflammation. Here we show the antihyperalgesic effect of oATP in mouse models of neuropathic and visceral pain, other than in a model of arthritic pain mimicking rheumatoid arthritis in humans. We also show that mice lacking P2X7 receptors (KO) are resistant to hyperalgesic thermal stimuli following the induction of arthritic, neuropathic and visceral pain. Local (injection into the right hind paw) pre-treatment with oATP is able to prevent the successive induction of ATP-dependent hyperalgesia in wild type mice. In addition, KO mice are not insensitive to intraplantar treatment with ATP. Our data suggest that, even if oATP is able to inhibit purinoceptors different from P2X7, the latter are the more important involved in pain transmission.
Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels among Turks: association with metabolic syndrome in women and tendency to decrease in smokers.

OBJECTIVES We investigated serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and their association with smoking, metabolic syndrome (MS), and coronary heart disease (CHD) among Turkish adults. STUDY DESIGN Serum ADMA concentrations were measured in a cross-sectional study by a validated ELISA kit in a random sample of 464 Turkish adults (222 men, 242 women; mean age 55+/-11 years; range 34-89). Metabolic syndrome was identified by the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel-III modified for male abdominal obesity. RESULTS The median serum ADMA concentration was 0.80 micromol/l, with the interquartile range of 0.57 to 1.13 micromol/l. Compared to nonsmokers, age-adjusted ADMA level was 20% lower in smoking men (p=0.057), and 6% lower in smoking women (p=0.6). Serum ADMA levels showed significant and positive correlations with age, testosterone, and fibrinogen concentrations in men, and a borderline significance with triglyceride, C-reactive protein, and sex hormone-binding globulin in women. No significant association was found with MS, hypertension, or CHD likelihood among men; but, after adjustment for age, smoking status, and systolic blood pressure, the odds ratio of doubling of ADMA for the likelihood of MS reached significance in women (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.01; 1.53). Age- and smoking-adjusted ADMA in women tended to be associated also with hypertension (OR 2.55, p=0.07). CONCLUSION Serum ADMA levels are significantly associated with MS likelihood in women alone, but not with the likelihood for CHD in either gender. Serum ADMA in middle-aged and elderly Turks is inversely associated with cigarette smoking, and thus possibly contributes to the smoking-related protection of Turkish women from MS.
Adaptive recurrence quantum entanglement distillation for two-Kraus-operator channels

Quantum entanglement serves as a valuable resource for many important quantum operations. A pair of entangled qubits can be shared between two agents by first preparing a maximally entangled qubit pair at one agent, and then sending one of the qubits to the other agent through a quantum channel. In this process, the deterioration of entanglement is inevitable since the noise inherent in the channel contaminates the qubit. To address this challenge, various quantum entanglement distillation (QED) algorithms have been developed. Among them, recurrence algorithms have advantages in terms of implementability and robustness. However, the efficiency of recurrence QED algorithms has not been investigated thoroughly in the literature. This paper puts forth two recurrence QED algorithms that adapt to the quantum channel to tackle the efficiency issue. The proposed algorithms have guaranteed convergence for quantum channels with two Kraus operators, which include phase-damping and amplitude-damping channels. Analytical results show that the convergence speed of these algorithms is improved from linear to quadratic and one of the algorithms achieves the optimal speed. Numerical results confirm that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the efficiency of QED.
A hardware architecture of face detection for human-robot interaction and its implementation

This paper presents hardware architecture with low-complexity face detection (FD) and parallel processing of local binary pattern (LBP) generation and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm using Haar features for the intelligent service robot system. We designed a fully pipelined architecture implemented with the design techniques, such as variable image scaling and parallel processing multiple classifiers without integral image generation, on the FPGA platform. The proposed architecture enables a real-time FD processing for a VGA video at 30 frames per second.
Design and develop a framework for social networking analysis

Now a days everything around the globe is connected via networks like information, places and events which make a tangle of connections. Analyzing social network is to make sense of these complex connections. This work represents the framework to analyze Twitter social media tweets using Network X and Twitter API. Python language tool IPython/Jupyter is used to examine the networks by applying visual analytic techniques like degree centrality and betweenness centrality to the dataset of Twitter hashtags which provides an easier way to analyze the network connections. This framework describes methodology to diagnose each tweet for identification of certain pattern like ‘who talk to whom about what’ and ‘most influential person’ in the interconnected/attached network.
The Oncogenic MicroRNA OncomiR-21 Overexpressed during Marek's Disease Lymphomagenesis Is Transactivated by the Viral Oncoprotein Meq

ABSTRACT Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes T lymphoma in chicken. GaHV-2 encodes a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein of the AP-1 family, Meq. Upon formation of homo- or heterodimers with c-Jun, Meq may modulate the expression of viral and cellular genes involved in lymphomagenesis. GaHV-2 also encodes viral microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in latency and apoptosis escape. However, little is known about cellular miRNA deregulation during the development of GaHV-2-associated lymphoma. We determined the cellular miRNA expression profiles of chickens infected with a very virulent strain (RB-1B) or a vaccine strain (CVI988) or noninfected. Among the most deregulated cellular miRNAs, we focused our efforts on gga-miR-21, which is upregulated during GaHV-2 infection. We mapped the gga-miR-21 promoter to the 10th intron of the TMEM49 gene and found it to be driven by AP-1- and Ets-responsive elements. We show here that the viral oncoprotein Meq binds to this promoter, thereby transactivating gga-miR-21 expression. We confirmed that this miRNA targets chicken programmed death cell 4 (PDCD4) and promotes tumor cell growth and apoptosis escape. Finally, gga-miR-21 was overexpressed only during infection with a very virulent strain (RB-1B) and not during infection with a nononcogenic strain (CVI988), providing further evidence for its role in GaHV-2 lymphomagenesis. Our data therefore suggest an additional role for Meq in GaHV-2-mediated lymphomagenesis through the induction of miR-21 expression.
An efficient algorithm for key generation in advance encryption standard using sudoku solving method

AES is one of the most secure and efficient symmetric cryptosystem for encryption process. In AES, Rijndael Algorithm is used for key generation and expansion. The key size used in AES is 128/192/256 bits and the researchers are proposed different algorithms like random bit generator or key pool mechanisms for the key generation. In this paper, we have presented an efficient algorithm for key pool generation by using Sudoku puzzle solving mechanism. The proposed scheme simplifies the process of key generation and expansion cipher key. In AES, this process consider as one of the most important concept in encryption process. This algorithm is use to generates an individual key pool for each user. This key pool shared between the communicating authorized parties. During the Encryption process, the algorithm will select the schedule keys randomly from the pool of keys. The receiver will receive the index value of a starting element in key and key length.
Development of Simulation Tools for Exploring Plenoptic Camera Applications

Plenoptic camera design has many parameters to optimise in order to achieve the best possible 3-D imaging capability. Furthermore construction of the cameras requires specific elements to be placed extremely accurately in the optical train of the system, and optimal parameters differ between applications. An important tool for design and development is simulation, which allows exploration and optimisation without physically committing to a system. Rendering and modelling techniques for plenoptic data are also important in extracting the maximum amount of information, and can be performed on the simulated data. Simulation and rendering software is being developed to allow for in silico exploration.
A robust digital baseband predistorter constructed using memory polynomials

Power amplifiers (PAs) are inherently nonlinear devices and are used in virtually all communications systems. Digital baseband predistortion is a highly cost-effective way to linearize PAs, but most existing architectures assume that the PA has a memoryless nonlinearity. For wider bandwidth applications such as wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) or wideband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (W-OFDM), PA memory effects can no longer be ignored, and memoryless predistortion has limited effectiveness. In this paper, instead of focusing on a particular PA model and building a corresponding predistorter, we focus directly on the predistorter structure. In particular, we propose a memory polynomial model for the predistorter and implement it using an indirect learning architecture. Linearization performance is demonstrated on a three-carrier WCDMA signal.
Preclinical studies with oncolytic viruses in ovarian cancer

Trevor G Shepherd Cancer Research Laboratory Program, London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6 Tel +1 519 685 8500 ext 56347 Fax +1 519 685 8673 Email tshephe6@uwo.ca Abstract: In the past two decades, more than 20 viruses with selective tropism for tumor cells have been developed as oncolytic viruses (OVs) for treatments of a variety of malignancies. Of these viruses, eleven have been tested in human ovarian cancer models in preclinical studies. So far, nine phase I or II clinical trials have been conducted or initiated using four different types of OVs in patients with recurrent ovarian cancers. In this article, we summarize the different OVs that are being assessed as therapeutics for ovarian cancer. We also present an overview of recent advances in identification of key genetic or immune-response pathways involved in tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer, which provides a better understanding of the tumor specificities and oncolytic properties of OVs. In addition, we discuss how next-generation OVs could be genetically modified or integrated into multimodality regimens to improve clinical outcomes based on recent advances in ovarian cancer biology.
Rapid Identification of Nine Microorganisms Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections by Single-Tube Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR: Feasibility Study

ABSTRACT Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are leading causes of morbidity and, in developing countries, mortality in children. A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed to allow in one test the detection of nine different microorganisms (enterovirus, influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenzaviruses type 1 and type 3, adenovirus,Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae) that do not usually colonize the respiratory tracts of humans but, if present, must be assumed to be the cause of respiratory disease. Clinical samples from 1,118 children admitted to the Department of Pediatrics because of an ARI between November 1995 and April 1998 were used for a first clinical evaluation. Detection of one of the microorganisms included in the assay was achieved for 395 of 1,118 (35%) clinical samples, of which 37.5% were RSV, 20% were influenza A virus, 12.9% were adenovirus, 10.6% were enterovirus, 8.1% were M. pneumoniae, 4.3% were parainfluenzavirus type 3, 3.5% were parainfluenzavirus type 1, 2.8% were influenza B virus, and 0.2% were C. pneumoniae. Seasonal variations in the rates of detection of the different organisms were observed, as was expected from the literature. The levels of concordance with the data obtained by commercially available enzyme immunoassays were 95% for RSV and 98% for influenza A. The results show that the multiplex RT-PCR–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a useful and rapid diagnostic tool for the management of children with ARI. Studies of the overall benefit of this method with regard to the use of antibiotics, the use of diagnostic procedures including additional microbiological tests, and hospitalization rate and duration are warranted.
THE JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

Acid phosphatase in human leukocytes was examined in a large number of patients with a variety of hematologic diseases. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia the total leukocyte acid phosphatase activity was markedly decreased. This was due to the drastic increase of enzyme-poor leukemic lymphocytes and the concomitant decrease of enzyme-rich monocytes and neutrophils. Further examination by disc gel electrophoresis revealed that the leukocytes in this disease contained only one of the five acid phosphatase isoenzymes present in a normal leukocyte preparation. Total acid phosphatase activity was not significantly altered in other hematologic disorders, yet different ratios of the isoenzymes shown by disc gel electrophoresis were observed in Hodgkin’s disease, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis and leukemic reticuloendotheliosis.