Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alamar Blue Discloses Latent Toxicity of Vesicant in Human Epidermal Model and Cells

AbstractA new metabolic activity indicator, alamar blue (AB), was used to estimate cell counts and to observe toxicity in the same human cells at several time points. AB permitted accurate estimates of cell numbers as low as 500 cells per well when AB was incubated with normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) for 30 min. AB was used as a noninvasive fluorescent probe to analyze toxic effects of CEES (2-chloroethylethyl sulfide), an alkylating agent and vesicant. Dose-dependent effects of 2 hr CEES or Triton X-100 exposures on confluent NHEK monolayers were revealed 4 hr postexposure, after 2 hr incubations with AB. Effects of CEES or Triton X-100 on a synthetic human epidermal model (EpiDerm) were demonstrated at 4, 24, and 48 hr postexposure. EpiDerm samples were nonviable at 4 hr after initiation of 80 mM CEES exposures, but a similar effect was delayed until 48 hr after 8.0 and 0.8 mM CEES or 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 exposures. Histologic examination of the latter EpiDerm specimens revealed complete s.
Patterns of Mental Health Care Utilization Among Sexual Orientation Minority Groups

ABSTRACT Prior studies of the utilization of mental health professionals by sexual minority populations have relied on data that are now dated or not nationally representative. These studies have also provided mixed findings regarding gender differences in the utilization of mental health professionals among sexual minority individuals. Using data from the 2013–2015 National Health Interview Surveys, this study investigates (1) how sexual minority individuals compare to heterosexual participants in their utilization of mental health professionals; and (2) gender differences in that utilization. The results indicate sexual minority individuals utilize mental health care professionals at higher rates than heterosexual individuals even after controlling for measures of mental health and other demographic characteristics; this is true for both men and women. However, gender moderates the sexual minority effect on utilization rates. Sexual minority men utilize mental health professionals at a high rate, such that their utilization rates are similar to sexual minority women, contrary to the gender gap seen among heterosexuals.
Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyomas in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: An Ultrasound-Screening Study

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of pregnant women with one or more leiomyomas detected by research-quality ultrasound screening in the first trimester, to describe the size and location of leiomyomas identified, and to report variation in prevalence by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Within an ongoing prospective cohort, we conducted 4,271 first-trimester or postmiscarriage ultrasound examinations. Sonographers measured each leiomyoma three separate times, recording the maximum diameter in three perpendicular planes each time. Sonographers and investigators classified type and location. RESULTS: Among 458 women with one or more leiomyomas (prevalence 10.7%), we identified a total of 687 leiomyomas. The mean size of the largest leiomyoma was 2.3 cm (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–2.8). Mean gestational age at ultrasonography was 61±13 days from last menstrual period. Prevalence varied by race/ethnicity: 18% in African-American women (95% CI 13–25), 8% in white women (95% CI 7–11), and 10% in Hispanic women (95% CI 5–19). The proportion of women with leiomyomas increased with age much more steeply for African-American women than for white women. CONCLUSION: Leiomyomas are common in pregnancy and occur more often among African-American women. Given the limited research on effects of leiomyomas on reproductive outcomes, the degree to which race/ethnic disparities in prevalence of leiomyomas may contribute to disparities in events such as miscarriage and preterm birth warrants investigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS): Establishing a New Interdisciplinary Self-Assessment for Health Providers

ABSTRACT These three studies provide initial evidence for the development, factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS), a new interdisciplinary LGBT clinical self-assessment for health and mental health providers. Research participants were voluntarily recruited in the United States and United Kingdom and included trainees, clinicians, and educators from applied psychology, counseling, psychotherapy, and primary care medicine. Study 1 (N = 602) used exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques, revealing an 18-item three-factor structure (Clinical Preparedness, Attitudinal Awareness, and Basic Knowledge). Study 2 established internal consistency for the overall LGBT-DOCSS (α = .86) and for each of the three subscales (Clinical Preparedness = .88, Attitudinal Awareness = .80, and Basic Knowledge = .83) and 2-week test–retest reliability (.87). In study 3 (N = 564), participant criteria (sexual orientation and education level) and four established scales that measured LGBT prejudice, assessment skills, and social desirability were used to support initial content and discriminant validity. Psychometric properties, limitations, and recommendations are discussed.
“Invisible During My Own Crisis”: Responses of LGBT People of Color to the Orlando Shooting

ABSTRACT On June 12, 2016, the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida was the target of one of the country’s deadliest mass shootings. Pulse, a gay nightclub, was hosting a Latin Pride Night the evening of the tragedy, which resulted in the death of 49 victims and 53 casualties, over 90% of whom were lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Latinx people, specifically. The present research investigates the narrative responses from LGBT people of color (LGBT-POC) following the tragedy. Results included an analysis of 94 participant narrative responses. Results were collected online from a sample of LGBT-POC with varying sexual, gender, and racial identities. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) Violence is Not New for LGBT-POC; (2) Personal Identification with Victims; (3) Lack of Intersectionality in Others’ Responses to Orlando; and (4) Acknowledgment of Intersectionality across LGBT-POC. Discussion focuses on describing the ways in which LGBT-POC responded to the shooting regarding their multiple minority identities. Implications of this research reinforce the need for continued intersectional research with LGBT-POC.
THE FUNCTION OF ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASED FROM SYMPATHETIC FIBRES

Sympathetic postganglionic fibres release not only noradrenaline but also acetylcholine. This was first discovered in 1931 by von Euler & Gaddum to be true for fibres leaving the superior cervical ganglion in the dog. Between 1931 and 1959 there were many more examples, but until 1959 there were no suggestions of the function of the acetylcholine. von Euler & Gaddum had investigated a phenomenon described by Rogowicz in 1885. Rogowicz cut the facial nerve in the dog and allowed it to degenerate. He then found that the muscles moving the lips of the dog acquired a new power of contracting in response to stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve. von Euler & Gaddum came to the conclusion that stimulation of the sympathetic nerve in fact released acetylcholine, and said that ‘although the fibres were anatomically sympathetic, they were pharmacologically parasympathetic’. The result was not so surprising as it sounded, because it had been shown by Dastre & Morat in 1880 that stimulation of the sympathetic nerve, which usually produces pallor in the skin, often produced blushing or dilatation in the area of the dog’s lips. It appeared that there were special vasodilator fibres in the sympathetic supply to this region. In 1935 there were further demonstrations that acetylcholine was released by sympathetic fibres. Biilbring & Burn observed it at the terminations of the fibres supplying the vessels in the hindleg of the dog. Sherif, working under the direction of Gaddum, observed it at the terminations of the hypogastric nerves to the dog uterus. Bacq & Fredericq (1 935) said that they observed it in the nictitating membrane of the cat. Further observations were made in 1948 when acetylcholine was shown to be released (1) by stimulation of the accelerator nerves to the heart of the cat and dog (Folkow et al., 1948), and (2 ) by stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic fibres to the vessels of the cat’s hindleg as well as those of the dog’s hindleg (Folkow, Haeger & Uvnas, 1948). The observations of Armin et ul. (1953) demonstrated that acetylcholine was present in the skin of the rabbit ear, which had a sympathetic innervation only, and that the acetylcholine disappeared together with noradrenaline when the nerves to the ear had degenerated. The question raised by these findings was what was the acetylcholine for? What was its function? Biilbring & Burn made several attempts to solve this question by studying the sympathetic control of the blood vessels in the skin and intestines; in hares compared with rabbits, and in monkeys. But they had no success. Correspondence: Professor J . H. Burn, 3 Squitchey Lane, Oxford OX2 7LB, U.K.
Perspectives of Mothers of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

ABSTRACT This study represents findings from interviews at two time points with three mothers of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) children (ages 8 to 12 years at T1) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Of interest was the mothers’ experiences of raising a TGNC child with ASD, and whether/how the children’s autism played a role in their understandings of their children’s gender identities and expressions. The mothers’ fear of a transphobic/cisnormative society and wondering about whether their children’s ASD influenced or caused their children’s gender variance were barriers to fully embracing their children’s gender nonconformity. Unclear causes of children’s social/emotional difficulties and lack of adequate resources and support were identified challenges. Positive interventions and resources were also discussed. Recommendations for clinicians and other professionals who serve TGNC youth with autism and their families are presented.
MM1‐type sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease with unusually prolonged disease duration presenting with panencephalopathic‐type pathology

We report an autopsy case of MM1‐type sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD) with an unusually prolonged disease duration of 58 months. The initial symptom was progressive mental disorder followed by advanced cognitive impairment. Clinical progression was generally slow; myoclonus appeared at 17 months and periodic sharp‐wave complexes on electroencephalogram at 21 months. A state of akinetic mutism occurred 29 months after the onset of symptoms. MRI showed gradually progressive cerebral atrophy. Neuropathologic examination showed widespread severe brain involvement. In the cerebral neocortex, widespread severe tissue rarefaction, hypertrophic astrocytosis and neuron loss (so‐called status spongiosus) were observed. The cerebral white matter showed diffuse myelin pallor with intense hypertrophic astrocytosis, numerous foamy macrophages and emperipolesis, indicating panencephalopathic‐type sCJD pathology. The brainstem was relatively preserved from sCJD pathology, with the exception of the pontine nucleus and pyramidal tract. This may explain the prolonged disease duration without respiratory insufficiency until the terminal stage. Immunohistochemistry for prion protein (PrP) showed widespread synaptic‐type PrP deposits in the cerebral neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus. The striatum and cerebellar cortex showed faint synaptic‐type PrP deposition with some areas of small plaque‐like PrP deposition. Sparse PrP deposition was also observed in the brainstem. Analysis of the PrP gene showed no mutation but methionine homozygosity at polymorphic codon 129. Western blot analysis of protease‐resistant PrP indicated type 1 PrP. To our knowledge, this is the longest reported disease duration of MM1‐type sCJD.
Marital Satisfaction and Communication Behaviors During Sexual and Nonsexual Conflict Discussions in Newlywed Couples: A Pilot Study

The way couples communicate during conflict discussions has been found to be a reliable predictor of marital satisfaction. However, in previous research, there has been little experimental control over the selection of topics. The present study examined, in a sample of 15 newlywed couples, whether affective displays during the discussion of a sexual and a nonsexual conflict topic differentially predict current marital satisfaction. Communication behaviors were coded using an adaptation of the Specific Affect Coding System, resulting in composite “negative behavior” and “positive behavior” categories. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Negative behaviors displayed during the nonsexual conflict discussions were not significantly related to concurrent self-reported relationship satisfaction. In contrast, for wives, negative behaviors displayed during the discussion of a sexual problem were significantly related to lower levels of relationship satisfaction. For the sexual and nonsexual conflict discussions, positive behaviors were positively associated with relationship satisfaction, although this effect did not reach statistical significance. Overall, the authors’ findings emphasize the importance of incorporating sexual variables in the study of marriage. Furthermore, their study represents an important step in recognizing that marital research benefits from an examination of specific topics of conflict as a factor to consider in studies of marital functioning.
Relationship Factors in Sex Offender Couples: A Pilot Study in an Outpatient Setting

Research indicates that sex offenders’ relationships are often unstable and superficial. Sex offenders are portrayed as showing little empathy toward their partners and being incapable of sharing intimacy. This study aimed to explore sex offenders’ intimate relationships and identify potential stabilizing factors in an outpatient setting. In an exploratory pilot study, the authors used standardized instruments to assess 17 heterosexual sex offenders and their intimate partners. Results indicate that both partners rate high in attachment anxiety. The authors found a high level of correlation between both partners with regard to attachment avoidance. The sex offender couples demonstrate similarly low scores for “dominance, pugnaciousness, and aggression” in intimate relationships, and the female partners revealed high neuroticism and conscientiousness scores.
Astrocyte ERK phosphorylation precedes K+‐induced swelling but follows hypotonicity‐induced swelling

Hypotonicity following water intoxication and/or salt loss leads to mainly astrocytic brain swelling. Astrocytic swelling also occurs following brain trauma or ischemia, together with an increase in extracellular K+ ([K+]o), stimulating a bumetanide/furosemide/ethacrynic acid‐inhibitable cotransporter, NKCC1, that accumulates Na+ and K+ together with 2 Cl‐ and osmotically obliged water. Either type of swelling may become fatal and is associated with phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Only the swelling associated with elevated [K+]o, leads to an increase in astrocytic proliferation and in expression of the astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein. These differences prompted us to investigate key aspects of the molecular pathways between hypotonicity‐induced and high‐K+‐mediated swelling in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes. In the latter Ca2+‐mediated, AG1478‐inhibitable transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor leads, via bumetanide‐inhibitable activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway to ERK phosphorylation and to NKCC1‐mediated swelling. In the former, inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway, but not of EGF receptor activation, abolishes ERK phosphorylation, but has no effect on swelling, indicating that activation of ERK is a result, not a cause, of the swelling.
Experimental Transfusion of Donor Plasma Containing Blood‐Group Antibodies into Incompatible Normal Human Recipients. I. Absence of Destruction of Red‐Cell Mass with Anti‐Rh, Anti‐Kell and Anti‐M *

ANTIBODIES in donor plasmas, other than those of the ABO system, are an almost unknown cause of haemolytic transfusion reactions (Mollison, 1956). In a survey of the medical literature between 1948 and 1955 for haemolytic reactions resulting from irregular isoantibodies, only two reports were found. Both followed transfusion of anti-T antibodies into recipients whose red cells exhibited polyagglutinability (Jennings and Hindmarsh, 1958). The minor cross-match which was introduced primarily to detect irregular blood group antibodies in donor serum was once considered essential. The results of an inquiry on serological methods in blood transfusion conducted by van Loghem were reported in 1956. In the replies received from 13 out of the 14 blood-transfusion centres in different parts of the world, only two directors even mentioned the minor compatibility test. As a part of their study of the minor cross-match, Jennings and Hindmarsh (1958), surveyed another group of blood-bank directors, 12 of whom reported that they used the minor cross-match routinely. Mollison (1956) considers that the minor cross-match is unnecessary if the sera of donors are routinely examined in an appropriate screening test with a 'pool' of enzyme-treated cells containing the most important blood-group antigens. He feels that this is particularly desirable if the donors themselves have a history of previous transfusions or have given birth to infants with haemolytic disease of the newborn. Routine screening of donor sera against test cells containing the essential blood-group antigens, by all the serological procedures necessary to detect potentially destructive antibodies, can involve a considerable amount of additional work and no little expense to a blood bank. It would appear that the incidence of irregular blood-group antibodies in the sera of a routine donor population would be one indication of the degree of this potential hazard, if any, to the recipient. In a recent report of 23,977 routine donor sera screened against a pool of papain-treated cells 210 (0.87 per cent) positive tests were observed (Ridley, 1959). Greenwalt (1959) found * A preliminary report of this work was presented at the 12th annual meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks, in Chicago, November 1959. This investigation was supported by a research grant, E-1474, from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. Public Health Service (J. F. M. and R. M. L.) and by the Research Fund of the Harrisburg Hospital Laboratories (H. S. B. and F. W. B.). t Postal addresses: School of Medicine, The University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. Harrisburg Hospital, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
Effect of menstrual cycle on HIV-1 levels in the peripheral blood and genital tract

ObjectiveTo assess the variation in HIV-1 over the menstrual cycle, including RNA levels in the female genital tract, plasma HIV-1-RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, and culturable virus. DesignA prospective analysis of 55 HIV-1-infected women. MethodsBlood and genital tract specimens were collected weekly over 8 weeks, spanning two complete menstrual cycles. Applying repeated-measures models that used menses as the reference level, the variation in viral RNA levels was compared in endocervical canal fluid and cells (collected by Sno-strips and cytobrush, respectively) and ectocervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid. Repeated-measures models were also used to assess the variation in plasma CD4 cell counts and viral load. ResultsShedding patterns differed among the three sampling methods, independent of genital tract co-infections. Genital tract HIV-1-RNA levels from CVL fluid and endocervical canal cytobrush specimens were highest during menses and lowest immediately thereafter (P = 0.001 and P = 0.04). The HIV-1-RNA level in endocervical canal fluid was highest in the week preceding menses (P = 0.003). The menstrual cycle had no effect on blood levels of RNA (P = 0.62), culturable virus (P = 0.34), or CD4 cell counts (P = 0.55). HIV-1-RNA levels were higher in endocervical canal fluid than in peripheral blood plasma during the late luteal phase (P = 0.03). ConclusionHIV-1-RNA levels vary with the menstrual cycle in the female genital tract but not the blood compartment. HIV-1-RNA levels are higher in endocervical canal fluid than in blood plasma. These findings may have important implications for sex-specific pathogenesis, heterosexual transmission, and contraceptive hormone interventions in HIV-1-infected women.
Statewide opioid prescriptions and the prevalence of adolescent opioid misuse in Ohio

ABSTRACT Background: Little is known about the relationship between opioid prescribing practices and the prevalence of adolescent opioid misuse. Objective: To examine the relationships between both opioid prescriptions filled by adolescents and adults and adolescents seeking treatment for opioid misuse in Ohio. Methods: Analyses of large statewide databases from 2008 to 2012, including all 88 counties in Ohio. The Ohio Board of Pharmacy provided data regarding prescription opioids filled by adolescents (12–20 years, N = 50,030,820 doses) and adults (>20 years, N = 3,811,288,395 doses) by county of residence. The Ohio Department of Mental Health and Drug Addiction Services provided annual treatment admissions for adolescent opioid misuse by county of residence (N = 6446). Results: Adults filled prescriptions for nearly 100 oral opioid doses per capita annually, while adolescents filled prescriptions for approximately 7 oral opioid doses per capita annually. In Bayesian Poisson modeling examining the effect of annual adult per capita dose on adolescent treatment admissions, adjusted for annual adolescent per capita dose and year, an increase of one in the annual adult per capita opioid dose resulted in an increase of 1.3% (RR = 1.013, 95% HPD CI = [1.008, 1.017]) in the rate of adolescent treatment admissions. This association corresponds to a 99.99% chance that the adolescent treatment rate increases when the annual per capita adult dose is increased by one unit. Conclusion: The amount of opioids filled by adults in Ohio, although relatively stable from 2008 to 2012, is approximately 13 times that filled by adolescents and is significantly associated with adolescents seeking treatment for opioid misuse. Efforts to decrease adolescent opioid misuse should also focus on reducing adult opioid prescriptions.
Child Sexual Abuse, Dissociation, and Alcohol: Implications of Chemical Dissociation via Blackouts Among College Women

The present study examined whether childhood sexual trauma moderated the relationships between dissociation and both problematic college drinking and alcohol-induced blackouts among a sample of college females (N = 156). Cross-sectional data were consistent with the moderation hypotheses. Simple effects showed that the relationship between dissociation and blackout frequency as well as problematic drinking only existed among those with sexual trauma histories (p <. 035), but not among those reporting no sexual trauma exposure (p =. 333). Findings implicate the use of alcohol as a possible maladaptive coping mechanism among college females with childhood sexual trauma.