Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation Knowledge Development

Innovation and technological change play an important role in poverty reduction through their contribution to growth, their use of factors of production, their environmental spillovers, the social relations associated with production and the characteristics of the products which they produce. It was only after the 1960s that these linkages were identified, with the recognition that much of global technological progress was directed to meet the needs of the global rich, and was best-suited to operation in high-income environments. The development and diffusion of “appropriate technologies” was an agenda largely pursued by the not-for-profit Appropriate Technology movement. However, with the global diffusion of innovative capabilities, and the rapid rise of incomes of the very poor = the “second bottom billion” – innovation for the poor and innovation appropriate for production in low-wage and poorinfrastructure environments has increasingly become an arena for profitable production. The very large size of China and India, coupled with their growing technological capabilities and the rapid growth of low-incomes, makes it likely that they will become the dominant sources of innovation for the poor.
CHAPTER TWO OVERVIEW OF SINO-TIBETAN MORPHOSYNT AX

At the earliest reconstructable stage of the development of the Sino-Tibetan (ST) language family, possibly as much as eight thousand years ago (Thurgood 1994), the proto-language was monosyllabic. Matisoff (1991a: 490) reconstructs the syllable canon as *(P) (P) C; (G) v (:) (<;-) (s). 1 It is not clear whether the prefixes in some or all cases entailed a vocalic element. If so, the structure might have been sesquisyllabic (e.g. as in the name tilrong 'T'rung/Dulong', the vocalic element of the tilprefix is very slight). There was no relational morphology (LaPolla 1990, 1992a,b, 1993b, 1994b, 1995a,b), but there was derivational morphology in the form of prefixes, suffixes, and voicing alternations of the initial consonants (Wolfenden 1929; Benedict 1972; Pulleyblank 1962-3, 1972, 1973a,b, 1977-8, 1991, 2000; Bodman 1980; Mei 1980, 1988, 1989; LaPolla 1994c; Gong 2000). Following are examples of several types of derivational morphology.2
INTERFACE : a Matlab © Tools for Building Animated MPEG 4 Talking Heads from Motion-Captured Data

INTERFACE is an integrated software, designed and implemented in Matlab©, for building emotive/expressive talking heads from motion-captured data. INTERFACE simplifies and automates many of the operation needed for that purpose. A set of processing tools, focusing mainly on dynamic articulatory data physically extracted by an automatic optotracking 3D movement analyzer, was implemented in order to build up the animation engine, that is based on the Cohen-Massaro coarticulation model, and also to create the correct WAV and FAP files needed for the animation. LUCIA, our animated MPEG-4 talking face, in fact, can copy a real human by reproducing the movements of some markers positioned on his face and recorded by an optoelectonic device, or can be directly driven by an emotional XML tagged input text thus realizing a true audio visual emotive/expressive synthesis. LUCIA’s voice is based on an Italian version of FESTIVAL-MBROLA packages, modified for expressive synthesis by means of an appropriate APML/VSML tagged language.
Unambiguous Catalytic Computation

The catalytic Turing machine is a model of computation defined by Buhrman, Cleve, Koucký, Loff, and Speelman (STOC 2014). Compared to the classical space-bounded Turing machine, this model has an extra space which is filled with arbitrary content in addition to the clean space. In such a model we study if this additional filled space can be used to increase the power of computation or not, with the condition that the initial content of this extra filled space must be restored at the end of the computation. In this paper, we define the notion of unambiguous catalytic Turing machine and prove that under a standard derandomization assumption, the class of problems solved by an unambiguous catalytic Turing machine is same as the class of problems solved by a general nondeterministic catalytic Turing machine in the logspace setting. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Mathematics of computing
Features String Similarity Feature Distributional Feature POS TAGs Feature Positional Feature Distortion Feature Contextual Feature Wordnet

Mapping between the source words and the target words in a set of parallel sentences are a crucial part of Question Answering (QA) systems. If an accurate aligner is used in QA systems then the efficiency of these systems also gets increased. We purpose the aligner which despite using very less lexical resources gives very good results in terms of precision, recall and F1. Previous aligners either uses more lexical resources or uses very less lexical resources. Hence, we have used POS TAG and WordNet as lexical resources. But some words whose meaning we may not know but these occur in a similar distribution and by observing their distribution these words are similar. Consider two sentences ”Lambodar is the son of Parvati” and ”Ganesha is the son of Parvati”. Here we will not find the meaning of Lambodar and Ganesha in Wordnet but since they have similar distributions so they should be aligned. For these words, we used Distribution Similarity Feature in our word aligner. This distributional similarity helps our aligner in broader coverage of words. Previous aligners were having recall in the range of 75-86 but this aligner has recall in the range of 88.4-93.3. Similarly, Exact match of previous aligners was in the range of 21-35.3 but the proposed aligner’s exact match range is 46.1-58.6. Similarly F-measure and precision have also increased.
In fl uence of Immediate Release Tablet Formulation on Dissolution Pro fi le of Paracetamol A

Infl uence of Immediate Release Tablet Formulation on Dissolution Profi le of Paracetamol A Nemanja B. Todorović1, Svetlana S. Goločorbin-Kon1, Kristina N. Kermeci1, Jelena N. Jovičić Bata1, Nebojša M. Pavlović1, Boris Ž. Milijašević2, Mladena N. Lalić-Popović1 A 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
The development of retinal decussations

In the vertebrate visual system, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from each eye grow toward the brain and meet at the midline in the ventral diencephalon, where they establish an X-shaped pathway, the optic chiasm. In higher vertebrates, RGC axons from each eye diverge from one another at the optic chiasm, enter the optic tract on the same (ipsilateral) and opposite (contralateral) sides of the brain, and then extend to targets in the thalamus (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; dLGN) and the midbrain (superior colliculus; SC; or optic tectum in lower vertebrates). The divergence of ipsiand contralateral axons at the chiasm is critical to binocular vision. Here we will review optic chiasm development, including the axon paths and behaviors of RGCs during their growth as they form the chiasm. We will present recent progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms that guide axons during avoidance or passage through the midline at the chiasm, transcription factors that specify ipsilateral and contralateral programs of cell identity, and genes that pattern the retina into two domains giving rise to these two projections. We will then discuss the relationship of axon divergence at the chiasm to eye-specific innervation of the dLGN. Finally, we will highlight the visual system defects of albinos and other mutants in which the balance of ipsiand contralateral retinal projections is perturbed. We also direct the reader to several reviews on retinal axon divergence that have appeared since the previous publication of these volumes (Erskine & Herrera, 2007; Herrera & Mason, 2006; Petros & Mason, 2008; Petros, Rebsam, & Mason, 2008; Williams, Mason, & Herrera, 2004).
eview id large volcanic channel systems develop on Earth during the adean and Archean ?

The vestiges of large volcanic channels are preserved at the surfaces of the Moon, Venus, Mercury, Mars, and Io. The largest of these systems have widths of tens of kilometers and lengths of thousands of kilometers. Component channels were incised by voluminous low-viscosity lava flows, and are the surface expressions of magmatic systems that helped to dissipate internal heat accumulated through processes of accretion, differentiation, tidal interactions, and radioactive decay. Past development of large volcanic
Induced Correlation Resulting from Respiration and Motion Correction Processing Operations in fMRI

Slight movements of a subject cause the function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal to be affected, thus causing errors in the data. This can include small head movements or systematic movement from respiration. However, these movements can be estimated and adjusted for, so that the time series is now corrected. Although the goal of respiration and motion correction is to improve the fMRI data, it has an ancillary effect of inducing correlation between voxels that is of no biological origin. In this manuscript, these processing operations are represented in a matrix framework. With the matrix formulation of the processing operations, the statistical properties including mean, variance, and correlation of the processed voxel data are determined. It will be shown that these processing operations induce correlation in previously uncorrelated voxel data. The goal is to first quantify these statistical properties so they can be accounted for, and identify the true biological signal of interest.
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT 3 ) and phospho-STAT 3 expression in breast cancer : a meta-analysis of 4031 cases

Background: The clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) in breast cancer remains controversial. A meta-analysis was carried out to quantitatively assess the impact of STAT3 and p-STAT3 on clinicopathological features and survival in breast cancer. Methods: Published studies were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct, EMBASE, Chinese CNKI, Wan Fang, Ovid and LILACS up to 15th April 2016. Correlation between STAT3 or p-STAT3 expression and clinical parameters and survival data was extracted after the literatures were screened. Meta-analysis was conducted with Stata 12.0 and pooled odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: A total of 24 references were included with 4,031 patients. The combined ORs suggested that overexpression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 was remarkably associated with higher histological grade (OR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.39-2.94; P<0.001), lymph node metastases (LNM) (OR=3.00; 95% CI: 2.25-3.99; P<0.001) and TNM stage (OR=4.03; 95% CI: 3.07-5.27; P<0.001) in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, pooled analysis of positive STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression demonstrated poor prognosis in East Asian population (HR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.02-1.72; P=0.036), while favorable in the non-East Asians (HR=0.57; 95% CI: 0.37-0.88; P=0.012). Conclusion: Overexpression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 is correlated with detrimental grade, LNM and TNM stage of breast cancer. High STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression seems to predict poor outcome in East Asians, while favorable prognosis could be found in non-East Asians.
Poster : Toward Understanding Spamming Behavior in Public Forums

Users often express their opinions about an item in which they are interested in public forums. Despite the convenience, it also opens possibilities for attackers to manipulate such forums with opinion spams. Recently, researchers have begun to pay attention to opinion spams. While previous research has focused primarily on detection of opinion spams based on text contents, relatively little is done to capture spammers’ behavior based on user relationships. In this work we study opinion spam phenomena by detecting malicious communities in public forums. Concretely, we focus on review systems (e.g., Amazon, Yelp). In our previous work we found there exist users who have strong connections to each other in Amazon based on their replying actions, which is not desirable because their opinions are likely to be biased towards each other. We show that such users indeed tend to show spamming behavior by applying spam indicators to the users.
Incorporating visual information into neural machine translation

In this work, we study diﬀerent ways to enrich Machine Translation (MT) models using information obtained from images. Speciﬁcally, we propose diﬀerent models to incorporate images into MT by transferring learning from pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) trained for classifying images. We use these pre-trained CNNs for image feature extraction, and use two diﬀerent types of visual features: global visual features, that encode an entire image into one single real-valued feature vector; and local visual features, that encode diﬀerent areas of an image into separate real-valued vectors, therefore also encoding spatial information. We ﬁrst study how to train embeddings that are both multilingual and multi-modal, and use global visual features and multilingual sentences for training. Second, we propose diﬀerent models to incorporate global visual features into state-of-the-art Neural Machine Translation (NMT): (i) as words in the source sentence, (ii) to initialise the encoder hidden state, and (iii) as additional data to initialise the decoder hidden state. Finally, we put forward one model to incorporate local visual features into NMT: (i) a NMT model with an independent visual attention mechanism integrated into the same decoder Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as the source-language attention mechanism. We evaluate our models on the Multi30k, a publicly available, general domain data set, and also on a proprietary data set of product listings and images built by eBay Inc., which was made available for the purpose of this research. We report state-of-the-art results on the publicly available Multi30k data set. Our best models also signiﬁcantly improve on comparable phrase-based Statistical MT (PBSMT) models trained on the same data set, according to widely adopted MT metrics.
D 1 . 4 REPORT ON MODEL REDUCTION FOR OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL

This report provides a description of the most efficient techniques for model reduction of systems of partial differential equations: the Laplacian spectral decomposition (LSD) and the Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Model reduction techniques are compared in terms of simulation errors and reduction efficiency for a real scenario provided by FRINSA: the sterilization of packaged food. The POD technique is more efficient than the LSD for the same degree of accuracy. Also, the use of the POD technique is not limited to simulation but it can be used for a wider range of applications such as parameter estimation. The POD technique is therefore selected as the model reduction approach for PDE systems in the CoPro case studies.
Relation between agrometeorological indices, crop phenology and yield of rice genotypes as influenced by real time N management

Field experiment was conducted during 2012 and 2013 to study yield variations in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) due to leaf colour chart (LCC) based N application and agrometeorological indices. Treatments included two rice genotypes (Jhelum and SR-2) and eight rates of N application (control, recommended practice (120 kg N ha-1) and LCC d” 3, 4 and 5 @ 20 and 30 kg N ha -1) laid out in randomized block design replicated three. The pooled data showed that SR-2 recorded significantly higher value of yield and growing degree days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU) and heat use efficiency (HUE), besides took more days to reach different phenophases as compared to Jhelum. LCC d”5 @ 30 and 20 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain yield, GDD, HTU, HUE and took maximum number of days to different phenophases. This indicated that N application based on LCC 5 should be adopted in rice cultivars particularly SR-2 to achieve maximum yield under temperate conditions of Kashmir valley.
Hyperspectral Unmixing VIA L1/4 Sparsity-Constrained Multilayer NMF

Hyperspectral unmixing, by extracting the fractional abundances of endmembers from the hyperspectral image (HSI), has raised wide attention in recent years. In last decade, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) have been intensively studied for solving spectral unmixing problem. In this paper, we extend the multilayer NMF method by incorporating the L1/4 sparsity constraint, named L1/4-MLNMF. The L1/4 regularizer induces sparsity effectively. We propose an iterative estimation algorithm for L1/4-MLNMF, which provides sparser and more accurate results than MLNMF. Experiments on a synthetic dataset and a real dataset show that the prposed method outperforms the similar competitors.
The Improvement of German Teacher Competence in Making Lesson Plan Through Academic Supervision Workshop Techniques in State Senior High School Binjai

The purpose of this study is to determine the improvement of German teachers competence in preparing the lesson plan (RPP) of the 2013 curriculum through the academic supervision of workshop techniques in the State Senior High School Binjai. The subjects of this study were German teachers in State Senior High School Binjai, as many as 5 people. Subject is determined by purposive. To achieve the purpose of this study was used a school action research with two cycles. The data were collected using a research instrument consisting of "interview guide, match list, and observation sheet". Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that there is a significant increase on the competence of teachers in preparing the RPP Curriculum 2013 by using academic supervision workshop techniques on the first cycle that belong to enough category with the value of 74.1 and on the second cycle belonging to good category with the value 88 . Based on the findings on the results of the study concluded that the competence of teachers in preparing the RPP will increase if supervisors provide good supervision by using the supervision of academic workshop techniques because this technique emphasis is more on the activities and skills development, and it used many principles which were related to adult learning (andragogy), proved by the increasefromcycleItocycle
Copyright and digital academic library development in the UK

Reviews the role of copyright in digital academic and research library development in the UK over the last 25 years, drawing on policy documents, legislative reviews and statutes, project documentation and programme syntheses. Finds that copyright-related issues have presented challenges for the development of digital libraries. UK copyright law has been reformed as a result of consultative reviews, but the role of high-level negotiations between stakeholder representatives and the development of model and blanket licences have arguably been more effective in supporting the development of digital libraries. Despite tensions between libraries and publishers, gradual cultural change and the roles played key players such funding councils and high-level representative groups have facilitated progress. The increasing trend towards open licensing presents new roles for libraries as well as challenges and new business opportunities for publishers. Concludes it is unclear what future UK copyright and research policy will be, but it is likely that improved access to academic resources and research will continue, the roles of libraries and publishers will continue to evolve, and new sources of tension and challenges will arise.
2 Dynamic Syntax Extension in CherryLisp

Domain specific language embedding requires either a very flexible host language to approximate the desired level of abstraction, – or elaborate tool support for “compiling away” embedded notation. The former confines the language designer to reinterpreting a given syntax. The latter prohibits runtime analysis, interpretation and transformation of the embedded language. I tentatively present CherryLisp: a Lisp dialect with dynamically user-definable syntax that suffers from neither of these drawbacks. Jan Heering often speaks fondly of Lisp and much of his research has been dedicated to programming environments, syntax, semantics, and domain specific languages. On the occasion of his retirement I would like to honour him and his work with this extended abstract which touches upon some of these subjects.
Chapter 10 Animal Inhalation Models to Investigate Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) comprise primarily two disease manifestations, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), each with distinctive clinical and pathological features. Environmental and clinical factors strongly affect the development and clinical outcomes of IBDs. Among environmental factors, cigarette smoke (CS) is considered the most important risk factor for CD, while it attenuates the disease course of UC. Various animal models have been used to assess the impact of CS on intestinal pathophysiology. This chapter examines the suitability of animal inhalation/smoke exposure models for assessing the contrary effects of CS on UC and CD. It presents an updated literature review of IBD mouse models and a description of possible mechanisms relevant to relationships between IBD and smoking. In addition, it summarises various technical inhalation approaches, in the context of mouse disease models of IBD.
P 3 A . 4 VALIDATION OF SNOW PARAMETERS AS DERIVED FROM DUAL-WAVELENGTH AIRBORNE RADAR

Dual-wavelength radar measurements can be used to estimate characteristics of the size distribution when one or both wavelengths operate in the non-Rayleigh region (Matrosov 1992; Meneghini et al 1992; Liao et al. 1997). A spaceborne radar operating at Ku and Ka bands has been proposed as one of the core instruments for the Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) and will serve as a calibrator for other instruments aboard the GPM satellite in mapping precipitation globally. With use of dual-wavelength radar the ambiguities are significantly lessened for the retrieval of the microphysical properties of hydrometeors in comparison with single wavelength radars such as the TRMM PR. In this paper we begin with a discussion of a dual-wavelength algorithm by which the snow particle size distribution can be inferred. In an effort to examine its validity and accuracy, the algorithm is applied to measurements taken by a dual-wavelength (X and Ka bands) airborne radar during the Convective and Precipitation-Electrification Experiment (CaPE) in 1991. The retrieved results of the snow particle size distributions are then compared with those from in-situ aircraft measurements and the NCAR Sand X-band ground-based radars that were coordinated with the airborne radar measurements. Good agreement is found for these comparisons despite the uncertainties resulting from possible mismatches of the sample volumes among the different sensors as well as the spatial and temporal offsets.