Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Generalized Joint Laxity on Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Female Athletes

Background Women who participate in high-risk sports suffer anterior cruciate ligament injury at a 4- to 6-fold greater rate than men. Purpose To prospectively determine if female athletes with decreased passive knee joint restraint (greater joint laxity) and greater side-to-side differences in knee laxity would be at increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods From 1558 female soccer and basketball players who were prospectively screened, 19 went on to tear their anterior cruciate ligaments. Four height- and mass-matched control subjects were selected from the uninjured screened athletes for comparison with each of the 19 injured subjects, making a total of 95 subjects (19 injured; 76 uninjured). Generalized joint-laxity tests and anterior-posterior tibiofemoral translation were quantified using the CompuKT knee arthrometer. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine predictors of anterior cruciate ligament injury status from recorded laxity measures. Results A multivariable logistic regression model (chi-square = 18.6; P = .002) used the independent variables laxity measures of knee hyperextension (P = .02), wrist and thumb to forearm opposition (P = .80), fifth-finger hyperextension > 90° (P = .71), side-to-side differences in anterior-posterior tibiofemoral translation (P = .002), and prior knee injury (P = .22) to predict anterior cruciate ligament-injury status. The validated C statistic, or validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.72. For every 1.3-mm increase in side-to-side differences in anterior-posterior knee displacement, the odds of anterior cruciate ligament–injured status increased 4-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.68–9.69). A positive measure of knee hyperextension increased the odds of anterior cruciate ligament-injured status 5-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.24–18.44). Conclusion The current results indicate that increased knee-laxity measures may contribute to increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The methods to quantify knee joint laxity in this report may be used in conjunction with measures of neuromuscular control of the knee joint to identify high-risk female athletes with high accuracy. Once high-risk female athletes are identified, they may be targeted to the appropriate interventions to reduce injury risk.
Endomicroscopy for Computer and Robot Assisted Intervention

Endomicroscopy is a new technique that allows human tissue to be characterized in vivo and in situ, circumventing the need for conventional biopsy and histology. Despite increased application and growing research interests in this area, the clinical application of endomicroscopy, however, is limited by difficulties in ergonomic control, consistent probe-tissue contact, large area surveillance, and retargeting. Recently, advances in high-speed imaging, mosaicing, and robotics have aimed to address these difficulties. The development of robot-assisted devices in particular has shown great promises in extending the clinical potential of endomicroscopy. Issues related to miniaturization, adaptation to tissue deformation, control stability, force and position compensation, cost, and sterility are being pursued by both research and commercial communities. In this review, recent clinical and technical developments in different aspects of computer and robotic assisted endomicroscopy interventions including instrumentation, multiscale integration, and high-speed imaging techniques are presented. We further address emerging trends and new research opportunities toward more widespread clinical acceptance of robotically assisted endomicroscopy technologies.
Redefining Cancer Research

Senator Ted Kennedy's recent death from malignant glioma, an incurable brain tumor, reminds us of the terrible toll that cancer takes on humanity. The United States alone experiences nearly 1.5 million new cases of cancer each year, resulting in more than 500,000 annual deaths, and about one-fourth of us will die in this way. Jim Watson, of DNA double-helix fame, argues that because of our new profound understandings of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, it's finally time to launch a real war on cancer. * I agree. But for success in such a project, we will need to expand the scope of “cancer research” funding, so as to include far more than work with cancer cells themselves.
A localization and navigation method with ORB-SLAM for indoor service mobile robots

Autonomous mobile robots need to acquire environment information for localization and navigation, and thus are usually equipped with various sensors. Consequently, the system is complex and expensive, bringing obstacles for general home applications. In this paper, we present an efficient, yet economic and simple solution for indoor autonomous robots, consisting of a basic mobile platform, a Kinect V2 sensor and a computing unit running Linux. Within the ROS environment, the ORB-SLAM algorithm, pointcloud processing methods and a feedback controller have been developed and implemented respectively for localization, obstacle detection and avoidance, and navigation. Experimental results showed robust localization, safe and smooth navigation, good motion control accuracy and repeatability, demonstrating the efficacy of the system architecture and algorithms.
Cryo-EM Model of the Bullet-Shaped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

VSV in 3D Rhabdoviruses are a family of negative-stranded RNA viruses that includes rabies virus, which have a characteristic bullet shape. Though structures of individual rhabdovirus proteins have been reported, how these are organized into a bullet shape has remained unclear. Now, Ge et al. (p. 689) report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of a model rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus. The structural data and examination of mutants allows modeling of virion assembly. The structure of a negative-strand RNA virus suggests how bullet-shaped rhabdoviruses assemble. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus and a model system of negative-strand RNA viruses. Through direct visualization by means of cryo–electron microscopy, we show that each virion contains two nested, left-handed helices: an outer helix of matrix protein M and an inner helix of nucleoprotein N and RNA. M has a hub domain with four contact sites that link to neighboring M and N subunits, providing rigidity by clamping adjacent turns of the nucleocapsid. Side-by-side interactions between neighboring N subunits are critical for the nucleocapsid to form a bullet shape, and structure-based mutagenesis results support this description. Together, our data suggest a mechanism of VSV assembly in which the nucleocapsid spirals from the tip to become the helical trunk, both subsequently framed and rigidified by the M layer.
Extensive Methane Venting to the Atmosphere from Sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

Bubble, Bubble, Warming and Trouble Vast quantities of methane are stored in ocean sediments, mostly in the form of clathrates, but methane is also trapped in submerged terrestrial permafrost that was flooded during the last deglaciation. There is thus concern that climate warming could warm ocean waters enough to release methane cryogenically trapped beneath the seabed, causing even more warming. Shakova et al. (p. 1246; see the Perspective by Heimann) report that more than 80% of the bottom water, and more than 50% of the surface water, over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, is indeed supersaturated with methane that is being released from the sub-sea permafrost, and that the flux to the atmosphere now is as great as previous estimates of that from the entire world ocean. Methane emissions from this region of sub-sea permafrost are comparable to previous estimates for the world ocean. Remobilization to the atmosphere of only a small fraction of the methane held in East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) sediments could trigger abrupt climate warming, yet it is believed that sub-sea permafrost acts as a lid to keep this shallow methane reservoir in place. Here, we show that more than 5000 at-sea observations of dissolved methane demonstrates that greater than 80% of ESAS bottom waters and greater than 50% of surface waters are supersaturated with methane regarding to the atmosphere. The current atmospheric venting flux, which is composed of a diffusive component and a gradual ebullition component, is on par with previous estimates of methane venting from the entire World Ocean. Leakage of methane through shallow ESAS waters needs to be considered in interactions between the biogeosphere and a warming Arctic climate.
Patterns in System Architecture Decisions

This paper proposes a set of six canonical classes of architectural decisions derived from the tasks described in the system architecture body of knowledge and from real system architecture problems. These patterns can be useful in modeling architectural decisions in a wide range of complex engineering systems. They lead to intelligible problem formulations with simple constraint structures and facilitate the extraction of relevant architectural features for the application of data mining and knowledge discovery techniques. For each pattern, we provide a description, a few examples of its application, and briefly discuss quantitative and qualitative insights and heuristics. A few important theoretical properties of the corresponding set of patterns are discussed, such as completeness, degradedness, and computational complexity, as well as some practical guidance to be taken into account when applying them to real‐life architecture problems. These patterns are intended to be a useful tool for researchers, practitioners, and educators alike by facilitating instruction and communication among system architects and with researchers from other fields such as combinatorics, computer science and operations research; and fostering reuse of domain‐independent knowledge necessary to develop architecture decision support tools (and thus development time and cost reductions for such tools).
Arthroscopic Fixation of Anterior Tibial Spine Fractures with Bioabsorbable Nails in Skeletally Immature Patients

Background A number of arthroscopic techniques have been introduced in the treatment of displaced anterior tibial spine fractures. Several of the procedures are technically demanding or include a second removal operation of metallic implants. Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate an arthroscopic technique using bioabsorbable nails in displaced anterior tibial spine fractures. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Sixteen consecutive patients, aged 7 to 15 years, with anterior tibial spine fractures type II and III according to Meyers and McKeever, were treated with arthroscopic fixation of the fragment using bioabsorbable nails. After 2 to 5 years, 13 of the patients were evaluated with regard to anterior knee laxity, range of motion, hop tests, Lysholm knee scoring scale, and activity level. Postoperative surgical complications were registered in the whole group of patients. Results One of the 13 patients had an increased anterior knee laxity of 3 mm. Extension deficits of 5° were seen in 4 patients and flexion deficits of 5° to 10° in 3 patients. One patient had an outcome of <90% of the uninjured side in the hop tests. Eleven patients were excellent, 1 was good, and 1 was poor according to the Lysholm knee scoring scale. There was no influence on activity level. There were no inflammatory reactions and all fractures healed without complications. In 1 case, the arthroscopy was converted into an open procedure because of technical problems, still using the bioabsorbable nails. Conclusion The outcome is comparable with other procedures. A second operation for removal of metallic implants is avoided.
Long-term Results of Isolated Anterolateral Bundle Reconstructions of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Background Little is known about the parameters that influence the long-term results of isolated arthroscopically assisted reconstructions of the anterolateral bundle of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Hypothesis Chondrosis, time interval from injury to surgery, and graft choice significantly influence the long-term results of single-bundle PCL reconstructions. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 1995 and 2001, 22 male and 3 female patients with a mean age of 30.8 years (range, 17-52) underwent an anterolateral bundle reconstruction of the PCL for functional instability and pain. Nine were treated with a bone–patellar tendon– bone autograft (BPTB), 15 with a semitendinosus gracilis (STG) autograft, and 1 with an Achilles tendon allograft. Twenty-two patients were clinically and radiographically reviewed at a mean follow-up of 9.1 years (range, 6.5-12.6). Three patients were interviewed by telephone. Thirteen patients had chondrosis at time of surgery. The mean time from injury to surgery was 1.5 years. Results The mean final International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm, and functional visual analog scale (VAS) scores (65, 75, and 8, respectively) were fair to good and were significantly better than preoperatively (38, 50, and 4, respectively) (P <. 001). The final Tegner (5.7) score was significantly lower than the preinjury score (7.2) (P <. 001). The mean anteroposterior laxity measured by KT-1000 arthrometer and Telos stress radiographs was significantly increased on the operated side (mean side-to-side difference of 2.1 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively). The functional scores were not significantly different between the BPTB and STG reconstructions. Patients without chondrosis at time of surgery and patients operated within the first year from injury had significantly better functional results at final follow-up (P <. 05). Conclusion Arthroscopically assisted reconstructions of the anterolateral bundle of the PCL in patients with symptomatic isolated grade II to IV PCL-deficient knees lead to significantly improved functional results at long term if there is no cartilage damage at time of surgery. Nonoperative treatment should not be extended more than 1 year from injury. Graft choice did not significantly influence the functional outcome at long term.
The Onset of Collective Behavior in Social Amoebae

All Together Now In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, periodic synthesis and release of cyclic AMP (cAMP) guides the cellular aggregation required to form fruiting bodies. It has been unclear whether the initiation of this behavior is owing to synchronization of autonomously oscillating cells or whether individual cells remain nonoscillatory unless the entire population becomes oscillatory. Gregor et al. (p. 1021, published online 22 April; see the Perspective by Prindle and Hasty) used live-cell imaging to show that cAMP pulses originate from a specific location in space and that individual cells move in and out of these signaling centers. The observations suggest that oscillations do not originate from autonomous activities of specialized cells. However, individual cells do display stochastic cAMP-pulsing below a threshold external concentration of cAMP, and the generation of synchronized oscillations could only be modeled accurately when this random pulsing was taken into account. Stochastic pulsing of individual cells plays a critical role in initiating cyclic adenosine monophosphate pulses. In the social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum, periodic synthesis and release of extracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) guide cell aggregation and commitment to form fruiting bodies. It is unclear whether these oscillations are an intrinsic property of individual cells or if they exist only as a population-level phenomenon. Here, we showed by live-cell imaging of intact cell populations that pulses originate from a discrete location despite constant exchange of cells to and from the region. In a perfusion chamber, both isolated single cells and cell populations switched from quiescence to rhythmic activity depending on the concentration of extracellular cAMP. A quantitative analysis showed that stochastic pulsing of individual cells below the threshold concentration of extracellular cAMP plays a critical role in the onset of collective behavior.
A Coherent Beam Splitter for Electronic Spin States

Splitting Quantum States The ability to manipulate the spin and charge states in quantum dots electrically make them attractive as the building blocks (qubits) for quantum information processing systems. Petta et al. (p. 669; see the Perspective by Burkard) now show that the avoided crossing of a spin-singlet state and spin-triplet state of a double quantum dot can operate as a state splitter. By controlling the rate at which an incoming state is swept across the crossing region, it can be separated into either the singlet or triplet states. The ability to manipulate the quantum states without needing high or local magnetic fields should prove useful in integrated quantum circuits. A series of electrical pulses is used to demonstrate quantum control of a double quantum dot system. Rapid coherent control of electron spin states is required for implementation of a spin-based quantum processor. We demonstrated coherent control of electronic spin states in a double quantum dot by sweeping an initially prepared spin-singlet state through a singlet-triplet anticrossing in the energy-level spectrum. The anticrossing serves as a beam splitter for the incoming spin-singlet state. When performed within the spin-dephasing time, consecutive crossings through the beam splitter result in coherent quantum oscillations between the singlet state and a triplet state. The all-electrical method for quantum control relies on electron–nuclear spin coupling and drives single-electron spin rotations on nanosecond time scales.
Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis via truncated ℓ1-norm with application to brain imaging genetics

Discovering bi-multivariate associations between genetic markers and neuroimaging quantitative traits is a major task in brain imaging genetics. Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (SCCA) is a popular technique in this area for its powerful capability in identifying bi-multivariate relationships coupled with feature selection. The existing SCCA methods impose either the ℓ1-norm or its variants. The ℓ0-norm is more desirable, which however remains unexplored since the ℓ0-norm minimization is NP-hard. In this paper, we impose the truncated ℓ1-norm to improve the performance of the ℓ1-norm based SCCA methods. Besides, we propose two efficient optimization algorithms and prove their convergence. The experimental results, compared with two benchmark methods, show that our method identifies better and meaningful canonical loading patterns in both simulated and real imaging genetic analyse.
Predictors of Spinal Cord Injury Neuropathic Pain: The Role of QST

Neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury (SCI) presents itself as different constellations of spontaneous and evoked types of pain. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is used to assess and quantify the sensory system by measuring altered perception or pain thresholds or stimulus—response relationships to standardized sensory stimuli. QST is used to address a variety of issues relevant to SCI neuropathic pain: pathophysiological mechanisms and predictors of SCI pain, modality-specific treatment effects and predictors of pain relief, and SCI pain phenotypes as part of a mechanism-based classification.
App Review Analysis Via Active Learning: Reducing Supervision Effort without Compromising Classification Accuracy

Automated app review analysis is an important avenue for extracting a variety of requirements-related information. Typically, a first step toward performing such analysis is preparing a training dataset, where developers (experts) identify a set of reviews and, manually, annotate them according to a given task. Having sufficiently large training data is important for both achieving a high prediction accuracy and avoiding overfitting. Given millions of reviews, preparing a training set is laborious. We propose to incorporate active learning, a machine learning paradigm, in order to reduce the human effort involved in app review analysis. Our app review classification framework exploits three active learning strategies based on uncertainty sampling. We apply these strategies to an existing dataset of 4,400 app reviews for classifying app reviews as features, bugs, rating, and user experience. We find that active learning, compared to a training dataset chosen randomly, yields a significantly higher prediction accuracy under multiple scenarios.
Ferroelectric Control of Spin Polarization

Spin into Control Spintronics—the use of the spin direction of subatomic particles to control on and off states, instead of electric charge—has the potential to create low-power electronics, because less energy is needed to flip spin states than to flip switches to create voltage barriers. Theoretical work hints that spin-polarized electrons from a ferromagnetic electrode can be controlled by a change in polarization created in a ferroelectric thin film. Garcia et al. (p. 1106, published online 14 January) fabricated an iron-barium titanate junction on a lanthanum strontium manganate substrate that acts as a spin detector. Local control of spin polarization was observed in the ferroelectric layer, which retained its polarization without any applied power. Ferroelectric tunnel junctions control the spin polarization of electrons emitted from iron electrodes. A current drawback of spintronics is the large power that is usually required for magnetic writing, in contrast with nanoelectronics, which relies on “zero-current,” gate-controlled operations. Efforts have been made to control the spin-relaxation rate, the Curie temperature, or the magnetic anisotropy with a gate voltage, but these effects are usually small and volatile. We used ferroelectric tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic electrodes to demonstrate local, large, and nonvolatile control of carrier spin polarization by electrically switching ferroelectric polarization. Our results represent a giant type of interfacial magnetoelectric coupling and suggest a low-power approach for spin-based information control.