Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of the Loading Time on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Various Restorative Materials Bonded to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Demineralized Dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate versus delayed loading times on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of restorative materials, including resin-based composite (RBC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC), that were bonded to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated demineralized dentin. Ninety caries-free extracted premolar teeth were assigned to three groups (n = 30) loaded with RBC, RMGIC and GIC restorative materials. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10): subgroup A (control specimens), immediate loading of the restorative material on sound dentin; subgroup B, demineralized dentin, SDF treatment and immediate loading of the restorative material; and subgroup C, demineralized dentin, SDF treatment and restorative material loading a week later. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were performed to compare the μTBS values. The RBC exhibited the highest µTBS, followed by RMGIC and GIC. Multiple comparisons showed an increase in the µTBS in the delayed loading groups irrespective of the restorative material used. The majority of the failure modes were adhesive. Delayed loading of RMGIC for 1 week after SDF application showed significantly higher µTBS than that of immediate loading.
Hardware Support for Malware Defense and End-to-End Trust

Abstract : This report describes an end-to-end architecture for establishing end-to-end trust. Including computing platforms, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and actuators, mobile devices and servers; cloud based, stand alone, and traditional mainframes. The prototype developed demonstrated that hardware extensions, along with corresponding firmware can provide strong isolation for secure virtual machines and be transparent to unmodified virtual machines. For mobile platforms we developed and prototyped an architecture supporting separation of personalities on the same platform, safeguarding enterprise from personal data in a bi-directional manner. Lastly we demonstrated IoT sensor and actuator security using trusted security.
A novel multi-level IC-compatible surface microfabrication technology for MEMS with independently controlled lateral and vertical submicron transduction gaps

An above-IC compatible multi-level MEMS surface microfabrication technology based on a silicon carbide structural layer is presented. The fabrication process flow provides optimal electrostatic transduction by allowing the creation of independently controlled submicron vertical and lateral gaps without the need for high resolution lithography. Adopting silicon carbide as the structural material, the technology ensures material, chemical and thermal compatibility with modern semiconductor nodes, reporting the lowest peak processing temperature (i.e. 200 °C) of all comparable works. This makes this process ideally suited for integrating capacitive-based MEMS directly above standard CMOS substrates. Process flow design and optimization are presented in the context of bulk-mode disk resonators, devices that are shown to exhibit improved performance with respect to previous generation flexural beam resonators, and that represent relatively complex MEMS structures. The impact of impending improvements to the fabrication technology is discussed.
The Influence of Long Working Hours, Occupational Stress, and Well-Being on Depression Among Couriers in Zhejiang, China

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between long working hours, occupational stress, depression, and well-being, and to explore the intermediary effect of occupational stress and well-being between working hours and depression among couriers in Zhejiang, China. Methods: The study used a cluster random sampling method to select 1,200 couriers from mainstream express companies in Zhejiang, China. The data were collected and analyzed using the Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) to measure occupational stress, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale to evaluate depression, and the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale to assess well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results: The phenomenon of long working hours (75.1%) was quite common among couriers in Zhejiang, China. Working hours had a direct positive effect on depression (β = 0.008, p < 0.001) and on occupational stress (β = 0.009, p < 0.001), and working hours had a negative effect on well-being (β = −0.013, p < 0.001). Occupational stress had a direct positive effect on depression (β = 0.272, p < 0.001), but well-being had no significant direct effect on depression. Working hours had an indirect effect on depression through the mediating effect of occupational stress while the mediating effect of well-being was not found. Conclusion: Long working hours is associated with occupational stress, well-being, and depression. Our results confirmed that working hours, occupational stress, and well-being were strong predicators of depression. Working hours had a significant indirect effect on depression via occupational stress. The result of this study showed that decreasing working hours and reducing occupational stress would be effective for couriers to prevent depression. However, more studies are needed to verify the relationship between working hours and depression.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Machine Learning on Sales and Marketing

AI, robotics, and machine learning are impacting the field of sales and marketing in an unprecedented way. A perfect storm is brewing! On one hand, online retail stores like Amazon are crushing the bricks and mortar stores. Sales and marketing professionals in bricks and mortar stores are facing a grim future. On the other hand, AI, robotics, and machine learning are replacing sales and marketing professionals in online stores. In fact, salespersons and marketers are predicted to be among the first to be replaced by robots. In a face-to-face environment, human may still prefer to interact with another human. In a virtual environment or a non-face-to-face context, human would care less about who or what is on the other end of the line or responding to his/her online queries. This research will be a longitudinal case study to analyze the evolving nature of sales and marketing field.
Concepções de jovens educandos sobre sistema e serviços de saúde públicos/ Conceptions of young students about public health system and services

Objetivo: descrever as concepções de jovens educandos sobre o sistema e serviços de saúde públicos, a partir da pesquisa participante. Métodos: pesquisa participante realizada no período de outubro a dezembro de 2017, com 12 educandos de 12 a 16 anos, pertencentes a uma escola pública de Pelotas. A coleta e análise de dados ocorreu por meio do Círculo de Cultura e Photovoice. Resultados: os educandos associam serviços de saúde com doenças e questões biológicas, e sabem que os serviços prestados pelo Sistema Único de saúde são financiados com dinheiro público. A visão dos educandos sobre a Unidade Básica de Saúde foi preocupante pelo desconhecimento sobre o que é este serviço, apesar da proximidade física com a escola e, além disso, referem não frequentar a unidade. Considerações finais: o diálogo permitiu o reconhecimento de concepções dos educandos relativo ao sistema de saúde, porém evidenciou desconhecimento e falta de vivências em serviços públicos. Isto reforça a importância da promoção do diálogo no espaço da escola para que se tenha a formação de cidadãos críticos e atuantes na sociedade, podendo refletir na construção de outros significados e valores e com isso, outras concepções de sociedade, saúde e doença.
Characterizing micro-macro transitions with slow light

The transition between the microscopic to the macroscopic world is of broad fundamental and technological significance. Optical parametric amplifiers allow for amplifying single photons to the macroscopic level, but the underlying temporal dynamics are still not well understood. Slow light, in which the group velocity is delayed via quantum interference, is an effective tool to interrogate the temporal dynamics of light-matter interactions. Here, we demonstrate a scheme to characterize micro-macro transitions with slow light based on a four-wave mixing linear amplification process in a hot rubidium vapour. The scheme exhibits strong dispersion which is sensitive to the input's change at the single-photon level, resulting in a nonlinear decay of the micro-macro transition time with the increased microscopic input. The present system is suitable for the study of the relevant time scale of quantum-to-classical transitions and the potential impact from fundamental effects such as gravity, as indicated by recent proposals.
Part Classification Prediction Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Mechanical parts are an important part of the machinery industry. However, the current automated production lines for mechanical parts face great challenges. Different types and sizes of parts make automatic segmentation of parts on industrial lines prone to wrong segmentation. Therefore, this paper proposes a part classification method based on a convolutional neural network. The method can utilize a large amount of data of mechanical parts and then analyze and learn from the data through convolutional neural networks to detect and classify parts more accurately. It can effectively solve the problems of high-cost and error-prone manual parts classification and greatly reduce the cost of automatic detection and classification of enterprises. We adopt this model to conduct a series of experiments on the Pacon dataset. It includes the calculation of weights and the construction of confusion matrix values. The experimental results show that the model achieves excellent performance in parts classification and prediction.
Does HIV-Related Stigma Depress Social Well-Being of Youths Affected by Parental HIV/AIDS?

Parental illness or death due to HIV/AIDS has long-term impacts on children’s social well-being, potentially challenging the children’s basic developmental needs and future. Based on the theoretical model of social well-being, the present study tested a moderated mediation model that HIV-related stigma moderated the mediating role of social trust on the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and social well-being. A sample of 297 youths aged 20–30 years affected by parental HIV/AIDS (57.2% male), including 129 (43.40%) AIDS orphans and 168 vulnerable youths (56.60%) completed questionnaires of perceived social support, social well-being, social trust, and HIV-related stigma. IBM SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Results showed that the mean score of PSS was 61.34 (SD = 13.99), social well-being was 57.33 (SD = 10.15), social trust was 56.21 (SD = 11.55), perceived stigma was 64.44 (SD = 16.72), and enacted stigma was 21.91 (SD = 9.73) among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS and the PSS could predict increasing social well-being via increasing social trust. Moreover, the positive influence of PSS on social trust was moderated by the enacted stigma (p = 0.03), in which the positive influence was stronger among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS who perceived or experienced low enacted stigma than those who perceived or experienced high enacted stigma. The positive impact of social trust on social well-being was moderated by perceived stigma (p = 0.04), in which the positive impact was more significant among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS who perceived or experienced high perceived stigma than those who perceived or experienced low perceived stigma. These findings explained how and when the PSS affected social well-being and contributed toward an understanding of the experiences and perceptions of HIV-related stigma among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS. This understanding may inform future research and policies toward improving the social well-being of youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS. The study also highlighted the importance of strengthening interventions on social relations and reducing HIV-related stigma for them.
The Role of Zombie Firms in Industrial Sustainable Development: Evidence From Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations

The development of the regional economy is of major concern against the backdrop of the “new normal. ” As a problem that has persisted in China for decades, zombie firms have a negative impact on regional and industrial sustainable development. This study first presents a novel method for identifying zombie firms and then analyzes the characteristics of zombie firms in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations during a specified period. A fixed-effect model is used to examine the impact of firm zombification on normal enterprise investment. Despite the low level of zombification of industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, the results of the study indicate that it has a considerable negative influence on enterprise investment. After applying multiple methods for robustness testing and constructing instrumental variables to solve the endogeneity problem, our results have remained stable. The carbon intensity effect and the competitive weakening effect are also examined as two impact mechanisms. Our findings have significant theoretical and practical ramifications: 1) It introduces a novel concept for defining zombie firms, which will aid in the improvement of the technique of identifying zombie firms based on the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database; 2) It proposes a novel approach to zombie firm research, and it is critical to better understand the harmful effects of zombie firms on industrial sustainable development and to make specific efforts to address them; 3) It makes recommendations to the government on how to establish industrial policy. The policy tilt towards state-owned enterprises should be adjusted, while regional economic characteristics should be fully considered to ensure the sustainable development of the industry and the region.
Exploring UTA Effectiveness: Leveraging Undergraduate Teaching Assistants for Student Learning and Help-Seeking

Background Undergraduate teaching assistants (UTAs) are associated with increased student performance and belongingness. Yet, when given a choice, not all students leverage UTA-facilitated opportunities equally. Objective This study explores motivational and contextual factors that underlie individual differences in students’ willingness to attend UTA facilitated supplemental workshops and the impact of such engagement on their achievement. Method Undergraduates (N = 112) in research and statistics courses completed measures of help-seeking, social fit, and expectancy value three times across the semester. Responses were compared to students’ attendance records, exam scores, and open-ended responses evaluating benefits and challenges of working with UTAs. Results Given the choice, a majority of students chose to attend workshops and consistent participation was positively correlated with exam performance. Yet help-seeking intentions, social fit, value beliefs, and perceived obstacles rather than incentives or perceived costs explained individual differences in workshop participation itself. Conclusion UTAs can improve peer’s achievement but simply providing students with opportunities to interact with UTAs is inadequate. Scaffolding active participation in UTA-led workshops requires addressing students’ motivational orientations. Teaching Implications To improve participation in peer-led opportunities, UTAs and faculty must generate an integrated model emphasizing value, normalizing help-seeking, and working to remove barriers.
NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 Transcription Factors Regulate the Virus Inducible NbAGO5 Promoter in Nicotiana benthamiana

Plant argonautes (AGOs) play important roles in the defense responses against viruses. The expression of Nicotiana benthamiana AGO5 gene (NbAGO5) is highly induced by Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we have analyzed the potential promoter activities of NbAGO5 and its interactions with viral proteins by using a 2,000 bp fragment, designated as PN1, upstream to the translation initiation of NbAGO5. PN1 and seven serial 5′-deletion mutants (PN2–PN8) were fused with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter and introduced into the N. benthamiana genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for further characterization. It was found that PN4-GUS transgenic plants were able to drive strong GUS expression in the whole plant. In the virus infection tests, the GUS activity was strongly induced in PN4-GUS transgenic plants after being challenged with potexviruses. Infiltration of the transgenic plants individually with BaMV coat protein (CP) or triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) revealed that only TGBp1 was crucial for inducing the NbAGO5 promoter. To identify the factors responsible for controlling the activity of the NbAGO5 promoter, we employed yeast one-hybrid screening on a transcription factor cDNA library. The result showed that NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 could directly bind the 704 bp promoter regions of NbAGO5. By using overexpressing and virus-induced gene silencing techniques, we found that NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 regulated and downregulated, respectively, the expression of the NbAGO5 gene. Upon virus infection, NbNAC42 played an important role in regulating the expression of NbAGO5. Together, these results provide new insights into the modulation of the defense mechanism of N. benthamiana against viruses. This virus inducible promoter could be an ideal candidate to drive the target gene expression that could improve the anti-virus abilities of crops in the future.
Intelligent Room Temperature Controller System Using MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox

In this paper, an intelligent system of room temperature controller that based on fuzzy logic controller has been presented. The system is an intelligent autonomous control of the two control parameter that is room temperature and the humidity of a room. MATLAB fuzzy toolbox is used where a fuzzy logic controller is designed to improve the system efficiency based on control input such as user temperature, dew point, temperature difference, feeling mode and mode selection. The output control will be the compressor speed, fan speed and operation mode (humidified or air conditioner). The result will be described in terms of the speed of compressor and fan changing with the difference in input temperature
Monkeypox and the importance of cutaneous manifestations for disease suspicion

During the months of May and June 2022, the world has witnessed the re-emergence of an old viral zoonotic disease which is currently concerning given its spread over multiple countries and continents (1, 2). Monkeypox is rapidly circulating in new areas, including Latin America, where cases have been confirmed in Argentina, and Mexico, with suspected cases in many other countries of the region, such as Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Costa Rica, among others (3).
3D Spheroid Cultures of Stem Cells and Exosome Applications for Cartilage Repair

Cartilage is a connective tissue that constitutes the structure of the body and consists of chondrocytes that produce considerable collagenous extracellular matrix and plentiful ground substances, such as proteoglycan and elastin fibers. Self-repair is difficult when the cartilage is damaged because of insufficient blood supply, low cellularity, and limited progenitor cell numbers. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, including pellet culture, hanging droplets, liquid overlays, self-injury, and spinner culture, have attracted attention. In particular, 3D spheroid culture strategies can enhance the yield of exosome production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when compared to two-dimensional culture, and can improve cellular restorative function by enhancing the paracrine effects of MSCs. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, which are intercellular communication systems that carry RNAs and proteins. Information transfer affects the phenotype of recipient cells. MSC-derived exosomes can facilitate cartilage repair by promoting chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation. In this article, we reviewed recent major advances in the application of 3D culture techniques, cartilage regeneration with stem cells using 3D spheroid culture system, the effect of exosomes on chondrogenic differentiation, and chondrogenic-specific markers related to stem cell derived exosomes. Furthermore, the utilization of MSC-derived exosomes to enhance chondrogenic differentiation for osteoarthritis is discussed. If more mechanistic studies at the molecular level are conducted, MSC-spheroid-derived exosomes will supply a better therapeutic option to improve osteoarthritis.
The Implementation of Diversion and Restorative Justice in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia

Children are a younger generation successor to the nation that must be protected. In some cases children can do a mischief that fall into the categories of offenses and called as children in conflict with the law. Children in conflict with the law is different in terms of handling the criminal offenses committed by adults. Currently with Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Criminal Justice System of Children (SPPA) which has sought diversion and restorative justice in terms of handling child conflict with the law. From the results of this study concluded that the policy formulation the concept of diversion and restorative justice pursuant tonLaw Number 11 of 2012 on the Criminal Justice System of Children (SPPA) and its implementation rules have been set regarding policy concept of diversion and restorative justice with the aim that children who commit acts the criminal is no longer confronted in the judicial process but through an alternative solution,namely the completion of which is the restoration to its original state (restorative justice) will but of formulating the policy is still not perfect because it found some weakness. While in the implementation of diversion and restorative justice in the the settlement of children in conflict with the law in Pati District Court already sought remedies which reflect restorative justice approach by implementing law enforcement diversion and restorative justice but there are still many obstacles occurred in the settlement of children in conflict with the law in Pati District Court.
Through-Ice Acoustic Source Tracking Using Vision Transformers with Ordinal Classification

Ice environments pose challenges for conventional underwater acoustic localization techniques due to their multipath and non-linear nature. In this paper, we compare different deep learning networks, such as Transformers, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Vision Transformers (ViTs), for passive localization and tracking of single moving, on-ice acoustic sources using two underwater acoustic vector sensors. We incorporate ordinal classification as a localization approach and compare the results with other standard methods. We conduct experiments passively recording the acoustic signature of an anthropogenic source on the ice and analyze these data. The results demonstrate that Vision Transformers are a strong contender for tracking moving acoustic sources on ice. Additionally, we show that classification as a localization technique can outperform regression for networks more suited for classification, such as the CNN and ViTs.