Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Characteristics of Cloud Occurrence and Vertical Structure Observed by a Ground-Based Ka-Band Cloud Radar in South Korea

The cloud measurements for two years from the vertical pointing Ka-band cloud radar at Boseong in Korea are used to analyze detailed cloud properties. The reflectivity of the cloud radar is calibrated with other vertical pointing radars compared with the two disdrometers. A simple threshold-based quality control method is applied to eliminate non-meteorological echoes (insects and noise) in conjunction with despeckling along the radial direction. Clouds are classified into five types: high (HC), middle (MC), low (LC) for non-precipitating clouds, and deep (RainDP) and shallow (RainSH) for precipitating clouds. The average cloud frequency was about 35.9% with the maximum frequency of 50% in June for the total two-year sampling period. The RainDP occurred most frequently (11.8%), followed by HC (9.3%), MC (7.4%), RainSH (4.4%), and LC (2.9%) out of the average occurrence of the total 35.9%. HC and RainDP were frequently observed in summer and autumn, while RainSH, LC, and MC were dominant in the winter due to the dominant cloud development by the air-sea interaction during the cold air outbreak. The HC showed a significant seasonal variation of the maximum height and the rapid growth in the layer above 7 km (about −15 °C) in summer and autumn. This rapid growth appears in HC, MC, LC, and RainDP and is linked with rapid increases in Doppler velocity and mass flux. Thus, this growth is originated from the dominant riming processes in addition to depositional growth and is supported by an updraft in the layer between 6 and 8 km. MC showed a single frequency peak around 6 km with rapid growth above and strong evaporation below. The Doppler velocity of MC rapidly increases above 8 km and is nearly constant below this height due to strong evaporation except in the summer. LC had a similar trend of reflectivity (rapid growth in the HC region and strong evaporation in the lower region) lacking high frequency in the MC region. Unlike LC, the RainDP had continuous growth toward the ground in the entire layer with rapid growth in the HC and MC regions. In addition, two modes (cloud and precipitation) appear on the ground in spring and fall with the vertical continuity of the high frequency in the precipitation mode. The precipitation growth was most efficient in RainSH in summer with a reflectivity gradient of about 20 dBZ km−1 and frequent updrafts larger than 1 m s−1 and was smaller in the MC and HC regions.
Analytical Model of Electromagnetic Radiation from a Slot on
 Conducting Plate Excited by Common-Mode Current of a Cable

In this paper, we propose an analytical model that can predict electromagnetic radiation from a slot on a conducting plate induced by a common-mode current of a cable. First, the equivalent magnetic dipole moment induced in the slot by the common-mode current of the cable is calculated. Thereafter, electromagnetic fields radiating to the opposite side of the conducting plate are analytically derived at lowand high-frequency bands, respectively, based on the resonant frequency of the slot. The proposed analytical solution of the radiated electromagnetic fields is verified through numerical analysis, and we confirmed that it is well matched at the frequency up to several GHz.
The Analysis of Using Active Learning Technology in Institutions of Secondary Vocational Education

The purpose of the research is to analyse the use of active learning technologies in training students and to assess the effectiveness of their use in the teaching process in secondary vocational education. In order to verify the effectiveness of the developed pedagogical methods, methods of experimental work and analysis of the obtained data were applied. The authors also used survey and testing methods among students of an educational organization for professional motivation, obtaining a significant amount of data. In order to identify the resulting changes, testing of students was repeated at the final stage of the study. The authors have substantiated the use of active learning technologies in the formation of career motivation of students of secondary vocational education. The essence of technology is in enhancement of the student's position as a subject in the educational process. The effectiveness of pedagogical environment for active learning technologies in the formation of career motivation in secondary vocational education students has been experimentally substantiated.
SquiggleKit: a toolkit for manipulating nanopore signal data

The management of raw nanopore sequencing data poses a challenge that must be overcome to accelerate the development of new bioinformatics algorithms predicated on signal analysis. SquiggleKit is a toolkit for manipulating and interrogating nanopore data that simplifies file handling, data extraction, visualisation, and signal processing. Its modular tools can be used to reduce file numbers and memory footprint, identify poly-A tails, target barcodes, adapters, and find nucleotide sequence motifs in raw nanopore signal, amongst other applications. SquiggleKit serves as a bioinformatics portal into signal space, for novice and experienced users alike. It is comprehensively documented, simple to use, cross-platform compatible and freely available from (https://github.com/Psy-Fer/SquiggleKit).
Variability, correlation and path studies in coloured rice

The present investigation was undertaken with 33 coloured and white rice genotypes to study the variability and genetic parameters in addition to character associations and path effects for yield and quality parameters. The study involved seven red pericarp, eight black pericarp and 17 white rice genotypes, in addition to the check, BPT 5204. The results revealed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, alkali spreading value, protein content, total phenol content, total antioxidant activity, zinc and iron content indicating the effectiveness of selection for these traits. The results on character associations revealed positive and significant association of grain yield with panicle length, grains per panicle and test weight; and the quality traits, namely, alkali spreading value, protein content, total antioxidant activity, zinc and iron content, indicating scope for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality traits through selection. Among these, grains per panicle, protein content and zinc content had also recorded high and positive direct effects on grain yield per plant, indicating the effectiveness of these traits in improvement of grain yield per plant towards development of high yielding genotypes with good nutritional quality.
Generation and Control of Impulsive Forces by a Planar Bi-Rotor Aerial Vehicle through a Cable Suspended Mass

Controlling interaction forces between multi-rotor aerial vehicles and their environment is getting considerable attention recently. Controlling such interaction forces is challenging because these aerial vehicles are typically underactuated and are unable to provide an arbitrary reaction to the environment in any given configuration. In some situations however, it could be sufficient to impart a controlled short duration impulse to the environment as opposed to a continuously applied force. Controlling such an impulse interaction is the subject of this paper. This paper presents dynamics and control of planar bi-rotor aerial vehicle with a cable suspended mass that is swung by the aerial vehicle in a controlled fashion and made to hit another stationary mass such that the stationary mass goes through a hoop. An optimization problem is formulated to plan trajectories for this task. It is shown that under certain conditions this optimization problem ends up having only linear constraints with a quadratic objective function. This task is demonstrated in simulations.
Toggling Valley-Spin Locking and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Single-Element Multiferroic Monolayers via Light

Ferroicities in structural ferroic materials can effectively tune many different fascinating physical properties, leading to potential applications in the future. Usually, in order to break inversion symmetry in ferroelectrics, the material needs to be composed of multiple types of element. Here, we study a single element multiferroic material with time-reversal symmetry, monolayer $\mathrm{Bi}(110)$, which possesses multiple types of ferroic (ferroelectric and ferroelastic) order. By performing first-principles calculations combined with a group-theory analysis, we reveal that this multiferroic material exhibits various interesting properties, such as an out-of-plane persistent spin helix, valleytronics, and promising nonlinear optical properties, which depend on its orientation variant. We show further that under illumination with linearly polarized light, different orientation variants in the $\mathrm{Bi}(110)$ monolayer possess different free energies. Thus, one can use this noncontacting approach to control the thermodynamic stability of different types of order. The switching of the orientation variant is ultrafast and can occur in times on the order of picoseconds. During this process, no electron-hole pairs are generated. Therefore, one can eliminate waste heat during operation, ensuring good reversibility.
The role of inhibins and activins in follicle development in the sheep

The growth and development of ovarian follicles is controlled primarily by FSH and LH secreted by the anterior pituitary. In the ewe, the secretion of FSH and LH by the pituitary is regulated by a number of ovarian factors, including oestradiol, progesterone, and the glycoprotein dimers inhibin and activin. Two forms of inhibin have been identified to date, inhibin A and inhibin B, with both consisting of a common a-subunit and differing p-subunits. Although well researched in a number of species, the levels of inhibins in the circulation and the expression of their subunits in the gonads have yet to be examined as thoroughly in the sheep, a species in which the ovulatory quota is rigorously controlled. In order to identify the source of inhibin A in the ewe, ovaries were removed at each of three points during the oestrous cycle (mid-luteal, early follicular and late follicular), all visible antral follicles dissected out and hormone release measured during incubation and in their follicular fluids. Large oestrogenic follicles were found to be the main source of inhibin A in the ewe with large non-oestrogenic follicles also releasing significant amounts of the hormone. The levels of inhibin A released by both small antral follicles and large oestrogenic follicles during the early follicular phase were significantly reduced compared to the luteal phase, possibly reflecting the fall in FSH concentration at this time. Conventional immunocytochemistry and dual label confocal microscopy were used to investigate the expression of inhibin a, PA and PB subunit proteins in different compartments of the ovarian follicle. All three subunits were found in the granulosa cells of antral follicles with little variation in the relative amounts of the proteins in follicles during the oestrous cycle. In addition, there was significant immunostaining for both P-subunits (but not a subunit) in theca cells, with mRNA expression of all three subunits confined to the granulosa cells. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that pA and PB activins diffuse from the granulosa layer through the theca and possibly the adjacent stroma, where they may exert a paracrine influence. Significant amounts of inhibin B have not been detected in the blood or follicular fluid of sheep using a specific two-site ELISA assay. The nature of
Complete mitochondrial genome of Populicerus confusus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae)

Abstract In this study, we firstly reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Populicerus confuses. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,395 bp in length which overall base composition was 41.43% A, 36.30% T, 11.54% C, and 10.73% G. It consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S and 16S rRNA), and a control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genomes of P. confuses and other 9 species were used for phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method. The resulting phylogenetic tree confirms that the Populicerus populi is most closely related to P. confuses. The mitogenome provided the valuable evidence on phylogenetic relationship of the Idiocerinae at the molecular level.
Spontaneous dewetting of a perfluoropolyether

Eight different production lots of a commercial perfluoropolyether (PEPE) based on hexafluoropropene oxide (HFPO) were applied to polished metal surfaces by spinning. One of the lots repeatedly dewetted from a clean 440C steel surface, forming droplets on the,surface, whereas the other seven did not dewet. This dewetting phenomenon also repreatedly occured on 2()24 aluminum and 1018 steel, but not on copper or gold. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (μ-FTIR) was used to determine the thickness and uniformity of the PFPE films. The dewetting lot was found to dewet from 440C steel at a film thickness greater than 520 A. A portion of the dewetting lot was heated at 316°C for 12 days in the presence of oxygen and M-50 steel. This fluid did not dewet. Sequentially, samples of the dewetting lot were filtered either with an alumina or a silica cartridge which can remove polar impurities. Neither of the Jiltered samples dewetted from 440C steel. It was concluded that an unknown impurity, both thermally labile and polar, present at very low concentration and undetected by the authors' analytical techniques (FTIR, proton NMR, or F 19 NMR), was responsible for the dewetting phenomenon.
An Overview of De-Identification Techniques and Their Standardization Directions

SUMMARY De-identiﬁcation[1]–[5], [30]–[71] is the process that organizations can use to remove personal information from data that they collect, use, archive, and share with other organizations. It is recognized as an important tool for organizations to balance requirements between the use of data and privacy protection of personal information. Its objective is to remove the association between a set of identifying attributes and the data principal where identifying attribute is attribute in a dataset that is able to contribute to uniquely identifying a data principal within a speciﬁc operational context and data principal is entity to which data relates. This paper provides an overview of de-identiﬁcation techniques including the data release models. It also describes the current standardization activities by the standardization development organizations in terms of de-identiﬁcation. It suggests future standardization directions including potential future work items.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Origanum onites extract and investigation of their antioxidant activity

Abstract The current study was designed for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Origanum onites extract and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Origanum onites was extracted with hexane and methanol sequentially and methanol extract was used for synthesis of the AgNPs. The structure of silver nanoparticles was elucidated by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Antioxidant activity of AgNPs and extract was carried out using DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The absorption peak at 450 nm in UV-Vis spectrum confirmed the establishment of AgNPs. SEM analysis identified the formation of spherical-shaped nanoparticles with the average size of 54.2 nm. FTIR analysis displayed the possible content of secondary metabolites in silver nanoparticles of crude extract. XRD study displayed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. The AgNPs revealed the significant ABTS•+ scavenging effect (IC50, µg/mL, 5.16 ± 0.07) compared to standard, BHT (IC50, µg/mL, 7.03 ± 0.19). The AgNPs revealed the better activity than the methanol extract. The best activity of extract was observed in ABTS•+ assay (IC50, µg/mL, 6.24 ± 0.04). Due to the importance of O. onites in the pharmacy and food industry, the green synthesized silver nanoparticles could be valuable materials in the bio-medicinal field.
Current and Future Faces of English: Examining Language Awareness of Thai and Turkish Student-Teachers.

This study examines student-teachers’ opinions about the spread of the English in general, and the ramifications of its spread as to its co-existence with other languages, speaker profiles, and probable extensions in form and function in two geographically different but English language policy-wise identical Expanding circle countries, i.e., Turkey and Thailand. The descriptive and qualitative analysis of the data collected through close-ended questionnaires and follow-up interviews demonstrated that most student-teachers believed in the possibility of co-existence of English with other languages in harmony, yet some students considered the future of English to be more complex and unpredictable due to the challenges posed by other dominant languages. Additionally, most students believed that the increasing number of non-native English speakers would impact the way English is used by speakers in non-Anglophone contexts in terms of forms and functions. The findings offer some implications as to the factors that contribute to student-teachers’ awareness about the critical issues around its spread and its impacts on various domains, particularly the domain of education, and how student-teachers may be helped to increase their awareness in teacher education programs through some courses on sociolinguistics and globalization of English.
Effect of Dexamethasone, Lipopolysaccharide or Interferon-Gamma on the Recovery of Viable Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis from In Vitro-Infected Primary Bovine Macrophages

Study background: The study was designed to evaluate if the addition of Dexamethasone, IFN-g, or LPS into culture media of primary bovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (MDMs), could support in vitro infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Methods: Primary bovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (MDMs) were infected in vitro with a reference strain of Map at 5:1 MOI for 2h. Map-infected MDMs were stimulated with IFN-g, LPS, Dexamethasone or medium alone for 24h. At 0, 6, 72 and 120h of culture, it was evaluated the presence of Map by bacterial culture and amplification of the IS900 fragment by real-time PCR. The function of Map-infected MDM was evaluated by measurement of TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IP-10, and CCL3 in culture supernatants by Luminex. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wall is test. Results: The IS900 segment was amplified in samples of Map-infected MDM from all stimuli. The growth of Map in bacterial culture was observed at each time-point evaluated without statistically significant differences between groups. Map-infected-MDMs stimulated with Dexamethasone significantly reduced cytokine production compared with control, excepting for IP-10 production from 6 to 120h (P<0.01). Overall cytokine production at 72h was significantly higher in Map-infected MDM treated with LPS (P<0.01) excepting for IP-10 and CCL3 production at 120h. IL-8 and IL-12 production at 72h and IP-10 production at 120h were significantly higher in Map-infected MDM treated with IFN-g (P<0.01). Conclusion: Primary bovine MDM obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be used for growth of Map in vitro. The addition of LPS or IFN-gamma reduced the capability of MDM for sustaining the growth of Map until 120h post-infection, although Dexamethasone sustained the recovery of viable Map until 120h in culture.
The Roles of Climate Forcing and Its Variability on Streamflow at Daily, Monthly, Annual, and Long‐Term Scales

The temporal variability of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration affects streamflow from daily to long‐term scales, but the relative roles of different climate variabilities on streamflow at daily, monthly, annual, and mean annual scales have not been systematically investigated in the literature. This paper developed a new daily water balance model, which provides a unified framework for water balance across timescales. The daily water balance model is driven by four climate forcing scenarios (observed daily climate and observed daily climate with its intra‐monthly, intra‐annual, and inter‐annual variability removed) and applied to 78 catchments. Daily streamflow from the water balance model is aggregated to coarser timescales. The relative roles of intra‐monthly, intra‐annual, and inter‐annual climate variability are evaluated by comparing the modeled streamflow forced with the climate forcings at two consecutive timescales. It is found that daily, monthly, and annual streamflow is primarily controlled by the climate variability at the same timescale. Intra‐monthly climate variability plays a small role in monthly and annual streamflow variability. Intra‐annual climate variability has significant effects on streamflow at all the timescales, and the relative roles of inter‐annual climate variability are also significant to the monthly and mean annual streamflow, which is often disregarded. The quantitative evaluation of the roles of climate variability reveals how climate controls streamflow across timescales.
Visbreaking of a heavy gas oil fraction promoted by phenol formaldehyde sulphonate polymer

Mild thermal cracking (visbreaking) of the gas oil fraction boiling above 350 °C was carried out in the presence of 0.5 wt% of a polymeric phenol formaldehyde sulphonate (PFS) used as a promoter. PFS was prepared and its structure was confirmed through analysis. Cracking reactions were performed in an autoclave and the operating variables including reaction temperature and contact time over a wide range were studied. The reaction pressure throughout the whole Investigation was 30 kg/cm 2 . Enthalpy, entropy and activation energy values were calculated according to the Arrhenius and the absolute rate theories. The experimental data obtained indicate that the addition of PFS as a promoter accelerates the free radical chain reaction. Kinetic parameters for these reactions further confirmed this view.
Application of Computer Information Management Technology in Network Security

With the continuous development of network information technology, people in our country use mobile phones, computers and other communication equipment will generate a lot of data information, companies want to use this information, they must manage this information. The most commonly used information management technology is computer information management technology, which can not only learn to store information effectively but also analyze information in many ways. Through analysis of the characteristics and development status of computer information management technology, we put forward plans to continuously improve the security of computer information management technology in the application of computer information management technology in information management.
Analysis of Factors influencing the Purchasing Decision of Facial Foam labeled Halal

Consumers in deciding the purchase are motivated by various factors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of price, product quality, product design, and brand image on purchasing decisions. The type of data used is primary data, using e-questionnaires. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The analysis technique uses multiple regression. The analysis shows that the price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Product design has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. In the future, the company needs to set prices following the purchasing power of the people but still maintain product quality and pay attention to product design.