Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geological Issues after Gorkha Earthquake 2015 in Nepal-a preliminary understanding

Nepal is one of the earthquake-prone countries in the Himalayan region and earthquakes in Nepal have been reported since 1255. Recent Gorkha Earthquake measuring Mw7.8 occurred at 11:56 AM Nepal Standard Time on 25 April 2015 with an epicenter 77 km northwest of Kathmandu at Barpak village of Gorkha district and killed more than 8900 people. This earthquake was the one of the most powerful earthquakes to strike central Nepal since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. Earthquake-induced landslides, land subsidence, and liquefaction are major engineering geological issues after the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in central Nepal. In the case of the Gorkha Earthquake, topographic effect is quite well observed in many towns and villages on ridge in mountainous regions. Many houses on the ridge were damaged and many tension cracks were observed on ridges. Rock fall, shallow landslides and dry debris fall, deep seated landslides, debris flow and avalanche, valley fill collapse and cut-and-fill failure are major earthquake-induced landslides in the affected area of the Gorkha earthquake. More than 40% of house damage in Kathmandu valley was found to be caused by differential settlement of the land in Kathmandu Valley lacustrine sediments. Along with land subsidence, a few sand boils were observed in Kathmandu valley due to liquefaction of the lower strata.
Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in Juba City , South Sudan , Challenges and Practical Considerations : A review

During the last few decades, the problem of MSWM (Municipal Solid Waste Management) have acquired an alarming dimension in the developing countries due to high rate of population growth accompanied by wide spread economic activities. South Sudan is a developing country emerging from conflict situation and experiencing alarming solid waste problem in Juba city. The objectives of this review paper are to assess the MSWM in Juba city, highlighting the challenges and thereafter recommending some practical measures as solution to the problem. The average waste density of Juba city is 118kg/m 3 lower than that of an African setting. MSWM in Juba is simply based on waste collection, transportation and dumping at the dumpsite with relative recycling by informal waste pickers. MSWM in Juba encounter several challenges including: lack of solid waste awareness and education, technical issues, poor coordination, inadequate funding, ineffective policies, poor governance, weak institutions, strong international influence and inadequate or unavailable market for recyclables. The method used for this review paper ranges from documents, reports and publications about solid waste management in Juba city as well as in depth literature search and journals of SWM ( Solid Waste Management ) in developing countries. Knowledge about the dumpsite and other sites visited during the previous field visits helped in preparing this paper. Therefore, MSWM is technically inappropriate with inadequate organizational capacity and cooperation among stakeholders accompanied with several challenges on top which is poor governance where accountability, participation and transparency are lacking. As a result, strong political will, multi-sectorial approach, public awareness and participation, strategic planning, adequate funding and the adoption of ISWM (Integrated Solid Waste Management) concept that strives to minimize solid waste through the 3Rs is the recommended SWM system required in Juba.
Frequency-dependent speaker detection using a microphone array

In this paper we propose a method to determine the active speaker for each time-frequency point in the noisy signals of a microphone array. This detection is based on a statistical model where the speech signals as well as noise signals are assumed to be multivariate Gaussian random variables in the Fourier domain. Based on this model we derive a maximum-likelihood detector for the active speaker. The decision is based on the a posteriori signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a speaker dependent max-SNR beamformer. Introduction Many speech processing systems require a voice activity detection (VAD), e.g. for noise reduction, speech coding or automatic speech recognition. However, many VAD algorithms assume that there is only a single speech source [1, 2, 3, 4]. In order to support multiple speakers it is desirable to distinguish different speakers if speech activity is detected [5, 6, 7]. In this work we propose a method to detect the active speaker for each timefrequency point, where each speaker is associated with a speaker dependent max-SNR beamformer. The proposed detector produces a binary time-frequency mask for each speaker that indicates speaker activity. Binary time-frequency masking is useful for source separation of speech signals. Furthermore, time-frequency masking can be used to improve the parameter estimation, e.g. to estimate speaker dependent beamformer coefficients. For instance, in [8] the DUET algorithm was presented which can separate several speech sources based on two microphone signals provided the short-time Fourier transforms of the sources do not overlap. However, the DUET algorithm assumes a noise free and anechoic environment which is not appropriate in many practical situations. In [9] a two-stage algorithm based on independent component analysis (ICA) was proposed. The independent component analysis is first employed in each frequency bin and then time-frequency masking is used to improve the performance. This algorithm is suitable for reverberant environments provided that the sources are close to the microphones. A similar concept was presented in [10]. In this paper we present a speaker detector that is based on a statistical model of the signals in the frequency domain using the short-time Fourier transform. We assume that in the Fourier domain the speech signals as well as noise signals are multivariate Gaussian random variables [11, 12, 13, 4]. Based on this model we derive a maximum-likelihood detector for the active speaker. The decision is based on the a posteriori signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a max-SNR beamformer, where each speaker is associated with a speaker dependent beamformer. This method requires estimates of the a priori SNR at the output of the max-SNR beamformer, which can be obtained using a decision-directed approach. The paper is organized as follows: In section , we introduce notation. The proposed detection method is presented in section . In section some simulation results are presented, where we use the speaker detection to suppress interference.
THE EFFECTS OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM-DOPED TIN OXIDE ( AL / SNO 2 ) THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS DEPOSITION ( SPD ) METHOD Fatin

The effects of annealing temperature on properties of aluminium-doped tin oxide (ATO) thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) method were studied. Transparent sandwich structure ATO multilayered thin films were deposited on glass substrates from aluminium nitrate and tin (IV) chloride solution using spray pyrolysis deposition method. The deposited films were annealed at different temperatures using a furnace from 100 o C to 500 o C. Characterization of the films for its surface morphology, elemental analysis and optical properties were done by using FESEM, EDS and UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Sample of 500 ο C annealing temperature was the optimum annealing temperature since the sample exhibited the lowest resistivity of 493.44 Ω · cm and highest percentage of transparency .
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR PRIME NUMBER LABELING OF DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPHS 1

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are widely used data structures. Labeling schemes have been proposed to accelerate reachability query processing over DAGs. Among such schemas, prime number labeling has attracted researchers because of its simplicity: a division operation is sufficient for answering reachability queries. However, the limitation of existing prime number labeling algorithms is that they generate huge label sizes. Minimizing the label size is an important issue because query-processing performance depends on it. In this paper, we propose techniques for generating prime number labels that are much smaller than those made by existing algorithms. In order to reduce the overall label size, some heuristics are suggested for sorting the vertices to which prime numbers are assigned. Experiments over real-world and synthetic DAG datasets show that the proposed approach produces smaller labels than existing approaches, and the labeling time is also reduced.
Chapter 3 Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair

Inguinal hernia is one of the oldest surgical pathologies. Dating back to the ancient times, it has been described in texts as far back as the Mesopotamian Era. While many methods were tried including twisting of the hernia sac and possible cauterizing of the hernia sac, it was Galen, a Roman physician between 130-200, who performed ligation of the hernia sac during orchiectomies with resection of the spermatic cord. This became the primary method of hernia repair until the 19th century with expansion of knowledge of the inguinal anatomy. With the advent of aseptic procedural technique and anesthesia, operative techniques flourished. An Italian surgeon, Dr. Eduardo Bassini published a method of primary repair for direct hernias in 1890, which began a series of adaptations worldwide, leading to the Dr. Earle Shouldice’s four layer repair [1]. The repair was an improvement to the previous methods, however, there persisted a high rate of recurrence due to the tension. Releasing incisions along with autologous transfers of tissue are described as in an attempt for a resolution. An effective tension free method was developed by Dr. Irving Lichtenstein with the use of prolene mesh as a bridge between the ligament. In this repair Lichtenstein sutured the prosthetic loosely in place to recreate the canal [1]. In 1987 Dr. Gilbert described a sutureless method of repair using one prosthetic mesh to Chapter 3
Temperature dependence of the velocity-density relation for liquid metals under 1 high pressure : implications for the Earth ’ s outer core 2-REVISION 1-3 4

4 Tetsuya Komabayashi*, Jinya Kato, Kei Hirose, Satoshi Tsutsui, Saori Imada, 5 Yoichi Nakajima and Alfred Q. R. Baron. 6 7 8 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 9 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan 10 11 2 Now at School of GeoSciences and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, 12 University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, The King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, 13 Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 14 15 3 Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, 16 Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan 17 18 4 Laboratory of Ocean-Earth Life Evolution Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth 19 Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan 20 21 5 SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, 22 Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan 23 24 6 Material Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, 25 Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan 26 27 28 *corresponding author: Tetsuya Komabayashi 29 School of GeoSciences and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, 30 University of Edinburgh 31 Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 32 Tel: +44-(0)131-650-8518 Fax: +44-(0)131-650-7340 33 E-mail: tetsuya.komabayashi@ed.ac. uk 34
Strongly coupled N = 4 super Yang-Mills plasma on the Coulomb branch I : Thermodynamics

We study N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory on the Coulomb branch (cSYM) in the strong coupling limit by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. The dual geometry is the rotating black 3-brane Type IIB supergravity solution with a single non-zero rotation parameter r0 which sets a fixed mass scale corresponding to the scalar condensate < O > ∼ r 0 in the Coulomb branch. We introduce a new ensemble where T and < O > are held fixed, i.e., the free energy F (T,< O >) is a function of T and < O >. We compute the equation of state (EoS) of N = 4 cSYM at finite T , as well as the heavy quark-antiquark potential and the quantized mass spectrums of the scalar and spin-2 glueballs at T = 0. By computing the Wilson loop (minimal surface) at T = 0, we determine the heavy quark-antiquark potential V (L) to be the Cornell potential, which is confining for large separation L. At T 6= 0, we find two black hole branches: the large black hole and small black hole branches. For the large black hole branch, that has positive specific heat, we find qualitatively similar EoS to that of pure Yang-Mills theory on the lattice. For the small black hole branch, that has negative specific heat, we find an EoS where the entropy and energy densities decrease with T . We also find a second-order phase transition between the large and small black hole branches with critical temperature Tc = Tmin.
Coordinated charging of electric vehicles

Electric vehicles recharged from renewable energy sources will play an important role in reducing the key adverse impacts of transport: air pollution, depletion of oil resources, and CO2 emissions. But they will also add to the demand for electricity. Most electric vehicles will be charged at home, overnight. If they all charge at the same time, during the evening peak, they could cause the electricity supply of households or streets to become overloaded. Increases in peak demand ultimately require upgrades to the transmission and distribution infrastructure, which add significantly to the cost of electricity. Time-of-use tariffs can encourage users to shift their demand to times when electricity is cheaper because demand is usually lower. But to better manage the demand for electricity and control peak demand, we need appliances, including electric vehicles, that respond in real time to changing supply conditions by shifting their demand. Ultimately, having demand that can respond to the available supply will allow greater use of variable, renewable energy sources. An electric vehicle will typically need to charge for a few hours overnight. Coordinating the charging of electric vehicles distributed over many premises in an area can smooth the total demand in that area. In this paper we describe a simple load control system that uses signals broadcast from street transformers, typically servicing 30–50 premises, to influence the behaviour of smart appliances in the supplied premises to control the demand profile.
Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism with Associated Right Atrial Thrombus Extending Across Patent Foramen Ovale

Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) can be associated with free floating thrombi in right heart with substantial increase in mortality. Rarely a right atrial thrombus can extend into left atrium through a patent foramen ovale. These thrombi require prompt diagnosis and treatment due to associated risk of pulmonary and systemic embolism. We report an unusual case of floating thrombus in right atrium extending across a patent foramen ovale in a patient of acute pulmonary embolism, diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography.
A Novel Dualband Coaxial-fed SIW Cavity Resonator Antenna using ANN Modeling

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) presents a promising technology to realize planar antennas, due to its ability to render the advantages of conventional rectangular waveguides, such as low radiation losses, high quality factors, and high power handling capabilities. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) presents also a relevant optimization technique widely used for the modeling of antenna design problems to obtain a surrogate based model instead of a computationally intensive three dimensional electromagnetic (3D EM) simulation in design. Accordingly, this paper proposes for X (8-12 GHZ) and Ku (12-18 GHz) microwave spectrum; a novel design of dualband coaxial-fed antenna, using a microwave SIW cavity resonator to ensure operational frequencies for different kind of purposes, and structured supervised learning alternative to neural networks to provide accurate geometric dimensions for the target requirements. A prior knowledge about the antenna design problem such as an empirical formula, an equivalent circuit model, and an analytical equation, is directly embedded in ANN structure to improve some properties of conventional modeling such as accuracy and data requirement, and exhibit an ideal frequency response and satisfies the design specifications after six iterations. The antenna is found to resonate at 10.84 GHz and 14.82 GHz respectively, and show low return losses of less than -15dB to 30dB for the selective frequency bands, resulting in excellent performance, and good agreement between the simulated results of the optimized antenna dimensions and the target results initially selected for the antenna role.
P4.2 GAUGING MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY OF AN UNUSUAL HIGH LATITUDE SNOW EVENT VIA A MULTI-MODEL INTERCOMPARISON

An unusually strong winter storm impacted the northern Arctic coast of Alaska on 8 January 2001. In association with this storm, wind gusts of 100 km/h and more than 18 cm of snow were reported at Barrow (71.3N, 156.2W; Figure 1). Though not large by mid-latitude standards, this was the greatest mid-winter snowfall in more than 75 years of observations at Barrow. While synoptic scale forcings related to this event were relatively well forecast, mesoscale structure and forcings in the vicinity of the Alaska Arctic coast were not as well captured. As such, this case is a good candidate for examining the degree of mesoscale predictability possible with current NWP models for such unusual winter Arctic systems. In this study we focus on intercomparing the meso-αand βscale solutions (at various lead times) provided by not only the standard NCEP model suite available within NWS/Alaska Region but also MM5 (e.g, Grell et al 1994; Chen and Dudhia 2001) forecasts conducted at the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and the University of Alaska. We anticipate examining the utility of a multi-model ensemble solution constructed from the forecasts of the aforementioned models. In this paper we set the stage for the remainder of the study by providing a meso-α scale overview of the event and discussing aspects of one of the model solutions, that being the MM5 forecast simulations conducted at the University of Alaska. Details of the full multi-model intercomparison and other aspects of the study will be presented at the conference.
Review on the Effect of Aspect Ratio on the Rectangular Microchannels 1 HITEN PATEL

This paper reviews the effect of aspect ratio on the other parameters that affect the thermal performance of the rectangular microchannels. In this paper both single phase and two phase flow in the microchannels are considered but two phase flow is considered more as thermal performance with two phase flow is more compare to single phase flow. The aspect ratio was not get that much attention in past for microchannel studies but it is considering in few studies in recent year and that studies concluded that there is minima occur for parameters of the rectangular microchannels and that minima values vary with aspect ratio variation. It should be consider as it has great potential to be a deciding factor for manufacturing the effective high performance rectangular microchannels. IndexTerms—Microchannel, Aspect Ratio, Flow Boiling, Annular Flow Model, Two Phase Flow, Minima ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jun N ‐ terminal kinase 3 signalling serves a potential role as a biomarker for determining the pathogenesis of Parkinson ' s disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement-associated disorder that specifically affects dopamine‐producing neurons. The disease causes demyelation that adversely impacts upon the motor activity of the brain. Currently there are no promising biomarkers for PD; improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the different pathological stages of PD are required to enable identification of a novel biomarker. The present study successfully established a PD mouse model via nasal injection of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine. The expression of c‐Jun N‐termal kinase 3 (JNK3) and caspase‐3 in two different pathological stages of PD were analysed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results inidcated that the initial PD pathogenesis recovers on response to rasagiline. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that treatment with rasagiline positively regulated early‐stage PD pathogenesis by downregulating the expression of JNK3 and upregulating caspase‐3; however, there was no positive effect on the advanced stages of PD. Overall, these results concluded that rasagiline has the ability to inhibit the expression of JNK3 and upregulate caspase‐3 in early stages of PD; however, rasagline appears to have no impact on JNK3 and caspase‐3 levels in the advanced stages of PD.
Controlled branching processes: applications in Biology

Bayesian analysis of controlled branching processes is developed, considering a non-parametric offspring distribution and control distribution belonging to the power series family of distributions, depending on a single parameter, called control parameter. Mainly, inferences on the offspring distribution, offspring mean and on the control parameter are considered under two sampling schemes: first, the classical one in branching theory based on the observation of the entire family tree; secondly, the more realistic situation in which only the generation-bygeneration population size is observed. In this latter case, the Dirichlet process and the Gibbs sampler are used to estimate the posterior density of the main parameters of interest.
AES and ECC Cryptography Processor with Runtime Configuration

In nowadays society, the amount of applications that require cryptographic support keeps growing. The functionality and security of these applications rely on the capability of cryptographic accelerators in providing both adequate performance metrics while maintaining flexibility. In this paper a programmable cryptographic processor prototype, supporting AES and EC (Elliptic Curve) ciphering is presented. This processor consists of up to 12 programmable processing units. We explore and present results for the dynamic reconfiguration of these processing units, allowing the runtime replacement of AES by EC units (or vice-versa) according to the application needs. Combining programmability and runtime reconfiguration, both flexibility and performance can be improved. Moreover, the reconfiguration capability allows to further reduce the required hardware area, since these functionalities are multiplexed in time. The presented prototype is supported by a Xilinx XC4VSX35 FPGA, consisting of 6 static EC units and 6 reconfigurable AES/EC units, running simultaneously. This processor is able to cipher an 128 bit AES block in 22.9 μs and perform an EC point multiplication in 2.02 ms. The full reconfiguration of a processing unit can be achieved in less time than an EC multiplication.