Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimativa numérica de quantidades: um estudo de comparação entre crianças e adultos

Resumo O estudo acerca da estimativa numérica é pouco realizado no Brasil, embora já apresente considerável trajetória na literatura internacional. Entretanto, grande parte desses estudos estão relacionados à habilidade de realizar estimativas em crianças, desconsiderando qual seria o mais alto estágio de desenvolvimento desta habilidade, comparando com adultos. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo tem como objetivo comparar o desempenho da estimativa numérica de quantidades discretas, para diferentes formas de apresentação de estímulos, entre crianças, estudantes do 2o ao 6o ano escolar (de uma escola pública e uma privada) com o desempenho de estudantes adultos do ensino médio (Proeja) e do ensino superior em licenciatura em matemática. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo transversal quantitativo, a partir do cálculo da precisão relativa apresentada pelos estudantes em um Teste de Estimativa Numérica de Quantidades (TENQ). Os resultados indicaram que as crianças de 2o e 3o ano são capazes de realizar estimativas tal como os adultos do ensino médio, em grande parte das tarefas. Entretanto, os alunos do ensino superior apresentaram melhor desempenho que os demais alunos dos níveis escolares analisados, em todas as tarefas do teste. A partir disso, sugere-se que a estimativa numérica de quantidades seja uma habilidade que pode ser desenvolvida e aprimorada ao longo de toda a vida, inclusive, na idade adulta. No âmbito da Educação Matemática, observa-se que tanto as crianças quanto os adultos não são precisos em suas estimativas, embora seja reconhecida a importância dessa habilidade para o desempenho matemático simbólico, a partir do reconhecimento das magnitudes numéricas.
Rupture des matériaux fragiles hétérogènes : dynamique de fissure et résistance effective

In brittle solids, stress concentration at crack tips makes the macroscopic fracture properties very sensitive to heterogeneities at the scale of the microstructure. So, the macroscopic resistance of a solid depends strongly on the resistance fluctuations at the microscopic scale. To describe quantitatively this phenomenon in disordered materials, we model first the behavior of the crack by a stochastic equation of motion taking into account the role of the microstructure. Our approach is first validated by comparing our theoretical predictions with recent experimental observations made on the dynamics and morphology of a crack front [1,2]. We show how to use this approach to determine the effective resistance of a brittle material from the characterics of its microstructure Mots clefs : 3 maximum : matériaux hétérogènes ; dynamique des fissures ; résistance effective
The Causal Impact of Schooling on Children’s Development: Lessons for Developmental Science

Entry into formal schooling is a signature developmental milestone for young children and their families and represents an important period of cognitive, social, and emotional development. Until recently, few researchers have attempted to isolate the unique impact of schooling on children’s developmental and academic outcomes. The application of quasiexperimental methods has provided researchers with the tools to examine when and how schooling shapes children’s development. In this article, we summarize three main insights from this work: (a) Schooling produces major, unique changes in children’s growth across a wide range of psychological processes important for learning; (b) the effects of schooling are not universal across all domains; and (c) schooling impacts cognitive processes that are not explicitly taught. We also propose that a deeper look at classroom instruction and brain development can expand our understanding of how schooling influences academic success and positive life outcomes and provide a model for developmental science more broadly.
Use of Nano-Bioglass Scaffold Enhanced with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Rat Calvarial Bone Tissue Regeneration

Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: r.nourani@yahoo.comReceived 6 September 2013; Accepted 1 December 2013; Available online 1 March 2014The repair of bone defects, arising from trauma, remains a major clinical problem. Bioactive glass (BG) is a good bone scaffold,which when seeded by rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), plays a fundamental role in bone regeneration. rMSCs wereisolated from the femur of rats. The nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared. In order to confirm the identity of the MSC, theproliferation medium was replaced by an osteogenic medium. The occurrence of differentiation was examined by RT – PCRanalysis and alizarin red staining. Furthermore, two bilateral full-thickness defects were created in the calvarium of rats, whichwere then filled by scaffolds enhanced with rMSCs. To evaluate bone regeneration, histological and X-ray analyses werecarried out. Following alizarin red staining, red mineralized areas appeared on the cultures. RT-PCR analysis showed the presen ceof osteocalcin and osteopontin receptor mRNAs in differentiated rMSCs. The present study demonstrated the ability of rMSCsto reconstruct calvarial defects in an allogenic transplantation model using BG scaffolds.
Rhetorical Structure and Sociocultural Analysis of Muslim and Christian Obituaries in Jordanian Newspapers

This paper gives a detailed account of the distinctive macro-structural and micro-linguistic properties used in Muslim and Christian obituaries in Jordan society. It also examines how socio-religious practices and beliefs are played out through the overall genre text. In order to examine the discourse, a move-based analysis was conducted upon a corpus of 150 Muslim obituary announcements (MOAs), and another 100 Christian obituary announcements (COAs). The analysis of textual and linguistic features is carried out by following Bhatia’s (1993) model as it fruitfully illumines the relation between social discursive practice and written discourse. The genre analysis of the data demonstrates that eleven communicative moves exist in both types of obituary announcements (OAs). The study also highlights that the generic genre discourse reveals several socio-cultural and religious messages about the Jordanian community that are reflected in the rhetorical components of this genre.
A cultural–ecological perspective on agency and offending behaviour

This article aims to outline briefly the important role of culture in the development of the human mind and behaviour, and therefore argues that cultural information is a key part of forensic explanation. We suggest that differing cultural experiences, such as marginalisation, contribute to the differential representation of individuals and groups in criminal justice systems. This occurs through several means, but we focus specifically on individual operation of agency in particular cultural contexts. Building on previous theoretical work, we present a preliminary model, the cultural–ecological predictive agency model. Through an exemplar, we show how this model might assist in understanding better the role of dynamic risk factors in individual behaviour, by locating and incorporating cultural–historical contexts and information.
Collaborative teaching: exploring the impact of co-teaching practices on the numeracy attainment of pupils with and without special educational needs

ABSTRACT Education specialists are strongly advocating the use of collaborative teaching (co-teaching) approaches to facilitate the inclusion of pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in mainstream settings. The current study analysed the impact of co-teaching on the numeracy attainment of students in two, mixed-gender Irish primary classes (N = 45; 4th Class: 9–10 years old) where there was a high incidence of SEN (e.g. autism, specific learning difficulties etc.,). After participating in co-taught numeracy classes for seven months, a standardised Mathematics test was administered. These scores were compared to the pupils’ scores from the previous year when co-teaching was not the primary mode of instruction. A significant increase in pupils’ overall standardised test scores was noted (p = .002). Scores for pupils with SEN in relation to numeracy (n = 12) also experienced a significant increase (p = .032) as did the scores for pupils without SEN (n = 30; p = 0.23). Based on these preliminary results, co-teaching appears to be an effective mode of instruction for meeting the needs of pupils with, and without, SEN in mainstream settings
Secondary English Teachers' Attitudes Toward disciplinary and Literacy Learning Implications for Pedagogical Praxis and Reform

SECONDARY ENGLISH TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TOWARD DISCIPLINARY AND LITERACY LEARNING IMPLICATIONS FOR PEDAGOGICAL PRAXIS AND REFORM Stephanie Kay Sugioka Old Dominion University, 2010 Director: Dr. Robert Lucking The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to examine the epistemological stances of the two teacher participants, that is, to determine their attitudes toward student literacy and their beliefs about the purposes of English as a discipline; (2) to describe the interplay between their epistemological stances and their pedagogical practices, in particular with respect to their use of research-based literacy strategies; and (3) to arrive at a means of supporting them in their use of more effective pedagogical strategies, in this case including more in-depth discussion in their classes for the purpose of furthering their students' critical literacy. The study used a combination of qualitative and formative research methods to accomplish these aims. As a result of multiple interviews with the teachers and observations of their classes, I concluded that they had similar epistemological stances with respect to literacy and the purpose of teaching English; that is, both felt it important to instill both functional and critical literacy in their students. Despite these beliefs, however, both teachers neglected a strategy shown by extensive research to be an effective means of fostering higher level thinking skills in students: having them engage in meaningful, in-depth discussion of the processes and ideas engendered by their studies. Thus, I chose urging the teachers to include such discussion as the intervention designed to help improve their literacy pedagogy, and I supported their efforts to do so by offering my help with both planning and instruction. Nevertheless, neither teacher seemed able to implement the suggested intervention to a considerable extent. Both teachers cited curricular restraints and classroom management issues as obstacles to doing so. Based on my observations of their classes, I concluded that it was not so much the nature of their epistemological stances that precluded their use of research-based literacy strategies as it was the contextual constraints of curriculum, administrative policy, and certain cultural features of the school and surrounding community.
A transgender individual's lived experiences: Navigating discrimination and stigma in healthcare

DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMA IN HEALTHCARE 2 Abstract This paper explores the various types of marginalization transgender individuals experience on a daily basis and its direct impact on the aggregation of health disparities for this population. In addition, responses from the healthcare community to the documented injustices of transgender people are analyzed at a federal, systems, and academic level. Conceptual frameworks are also evaluated to further understand and care for transgender clients. Using a phenomenological approach, this research describes the lived experiences of a transgender individual with healthcare, specifically how they navigate discrimination and stigma with providers, nurses, administrative staff, and facilities. Analysis revealed four themes, both with navigating healthcare and social interactions that have influenced his sense of self and state of health. These themes are (a) calculating the disclosure of a transgender identity, (b) managing discomfort of self and others, (c) respect and validation from others, and (d) lack of healthcare access. Practical implications for healthcare providers are also investigated, including opportunities for furthering the advancement of the healthcare profession as it relates to caring for the transgender community.
How conspiracy theories can stimulate political engagement

ABSTRACT Although a growing body of studies has explored the antecedents of people’s adoption of conspiracy beliefs, the behavioral consequences of conspiracy theories – particularly regarding political engagement – have been less explored. Research has looked at conspiracy beliefs, exposure to specific conspiracy theories, conspiracy thinking, and the communication of conspiracy theories as predictor variables. To date, the findings are mixed due to conceptual differences and the selection of predictors with different functions and aspects. I offer new evidence. First, I explore whether conspiracy beliefs translate into political engagement. Having analyzed the 2012 American National Election Study, I find a positive association between conspiracy beliefs and political activities. Second, by manipulating exposure to a nascent conspiracy theory that emerged during the 2016 presidential primary elections, I examine whether exposure to conspiracy theories drives intention to engage in politics. Across two original survey experiments, the results indicate that conspiracy theories may lead to positive action, encouraging people to get involved in politics. The findings demonstrate that the spread of conspiracy theories is not uniformly detrimental to society. These findings also help to explain why elites within losing political organizations are more likely to spread conspiracy theories: they are a means for mobilizing disenfranchised citizens.
Time-dependent legislative behavior and election outcomes

Previous studies find that legislators who adopt a partisan voting record are penalized come election time. To date, these studies examine the electoral effects of aggregate legislative behavior. While useful for identifying macro-level relationships, this approach discards valuable information about the timing of elite partisanship that contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between legislative behavior and election outcomes. After all, studies find that recent elite behavior tends to factor more prominently in voters’ decision calculus. We offer a model that more explicitly accounts for the timing of elite partisanship, and we test it using US House elections data from 1956 to 2004. Even when accounting for aggregate party voting, we find that electoral success is significantly dependent on the temporal patterns of members’ party loyalty as elections approach. We attribute this, in part, to voters paying disproportionate attention to legislative activity around elections.
Research-based learning in a transversal Entrepreneurship and Innovation undergraduate course

ABSTRACT The present article reports an empirical quantitative study involving 107 undergraduate students from Entrepreneurship and Innovation courses in a public university. Students were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: structured Research-based learning (RBL), semi structured RBL and control. We hypothesized that studying in a structured RBL condition would result in a higher intention to do research (INT) and higher course achievement (CA) along with positive changes in autonomous motivation (AM), perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral beliefs (BB) and subjective norm (SN); as compared to studying in a semi-structured RBL and control condition. The intervention lasted 7 weeks as part of a regular course and was based on Brew’s RBL framework. A significant differential impact was observed in overall course achievement and in specific research skills clusters. No significant differences were observed in INT, AM, PBC, BB and SN. The results lead to clear implications and directions for future research.
Cerebral Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

The neurovascular unit is comprised of brain endothelium, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Complex and dynamic communication between the cells of the neurovascular unit is essential for maintaining normal brain function. Recently, the role of cerebral vascular dysfunction has been highlighted in several neurodegenerative disease processes, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, I utilized multiple experimental models to test the central hypothesis that cerebral vascular dysfunction can contribute to AD pathogenesis. We found that (1) cerebral vascular dysfunction, mediated by pericyte deficiency in adult mice, can lead to neurodegeneration, (2) molecular changes specifically within brain VSMC can contribute to the development of AD-like pathologies in the cerebral cortex and (3) a known inherited genetic risk factor for AD may contribute to the cerebral vascular damage that is present during disease pathogenesis. First, pericytes play a key role in the development of the cerebral microcirculation, although the exact role of pericytes in the adult brain remains elusive. Using adult viable mice with varying degrees of pericyte deficiency, we show that pericyte loss leads to reduction in brain microcirculation causing chronic perfusion stress and hypoxia, and blood-brain barrier breakdown associated with brain accumulation of vasculotoxic and/or neurotoxic serum proteins. Age-dependent vascular damage in pericyte-deficient mice precedes neuronal degenerative changes, and learning and memory impairment. Thus, pericytes control key neurovascular functions that are necessary for proper neuronal structure and function, and pericyte loss results in progressive age-dependent vascular-mediated neurodegeneration. This study provides proof-of-principle evidence supporting the hypothesis that vascular damage may initiate neurodegenerative disease processes. Next, we investigate the molecular basis of a vascular-specific insult mediated by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposition in cerebral vessels, called cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which contributes to AD pathogenesis. Here, we report increased levels
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. Systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since insulin resistance can promote endothelial dysfunction and anti-TNF-α blockade yield a rapid improvement of endothelial function, we have sought to assess whether TNF-α blockade may also result in a reduction of insulin serum levels and improvement of insulin resistance in RA patients who require this therapy because of severe and refractory disease. Methods. We recruited patients with RA seen over a period of 1 month at Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain, that were on treatment with anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody-infliximab. Patients with diabetes mellitus or plasma glucose > 110 mg/dl were excluded. Fasting blood samples were taken for determination of plasma glucose and serum insulin levels immediately prior to and after infliximab infusion. Results. Twenty-seven RA patients (21 women; mean age: 57.1 years; mean DAS28: 4.43) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dramatic reduction in the serum insulin levels and insulin/glucose index was observed following infliximab infusion. Also, a significant improvement of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity was found. Conclusions. Our study confirms a rapid beneficial effect of infliximab on insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in RA patients treated periodically with this drug. It may support the longterm use of drugs that act blocking TNF-α function to reduce the mechanisms implicated in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with RA.
Person deixis used in surah Al A'raf English translation of Qur'an by Yusuf Ali

In this study, the researcher analyzes person deixis used in English translation of Qur’an on surah Al A’raf by yusuf Ali. The objectives of this study are to identify types of person deixis and to describe the references of person deixis used in English translation of Qur’an on surah Al A’raf by Yusuf Ali. The researcher uses theory of person deixis from Alan Cruse (2000) to analyze the data. This study uses descriptive approach in analyzing the data because the researcher describes and interprets person deixis used in English translation of Qur’an on surah Al A’raf by Yusuf Ali. The result of this research shows that there are five types of person deixis used in English translation of Qur’an on surah Al A’raf by Yusuf Ali such as singular first person deixis, plural first person deixis, second person deixis, singular third person deixis and plural third person deixis. Based on the explanation above, plural third person deixis is the most dominant type of person deixis that is used in the data with 345 items. The researcher finds that Yusuf Ali used second person deixis that used since old English period till now such as singular form (thou, thee, thy, thyself) and plural form (ye, your, yourselves). The researcher explores the referent meaning of person deixis used by Yusuf Ali in English translation on surah Al A’raf. The use of singular first person deixis such as “I, me, my, myself” always refer to first person who is being a speaker including (Allah, iblis, and the apostles). While, plural first person deixis alike “We, we. Our, our” mostly refer to Allah and the people of the apostles. The second person deixis “ye, thee, thou, yourselves, thy” mostly refer to second person the addressee or the hearer including (Allah, angles, iblis, the apostles, and the people of the apostles). Next, singular third person deixis “He, he, Him, him, she, her” refer to (Allah, iblis, the apostles, and she-camel in Shu’ib era). Meanwhile, the word “it, its” concerned with singular third person deixis which refer to things that has been already mentioned in the data. The last, plural third person deixis “they, them, their, themselves” mostly refer to (Angles, Adam and Hawa, evils, the people of apostles). This result varied based on the context of the Qur’an. Therefore, knowing well about person deixis can avoid misunderstanding and misinterpreting about the context especially in the Qur’an.