Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Nation-Building Assimilation and Its Alternatives in Southeastern Europe

Under what conditions does a state target a non-core group with group-specific assimilationist measures instead of accommodating it? When does it choose to physically remove the non-core group, by exchange, deportation, or killing? In this paper, I develop a theory that accounts for the variation in nation-building policies. I also test it against alternative explanations such as cultural distance arguments, modernization theory, and the homeland factor. I propose that the content of non-core groups’ rival claims together with the host states’ foreign policy goals are the most important explanatory variables in understanding nation-building policies. My test has been conducted on a dataset compiled on all politically relevant non-core groups in post-WWI Southeastern Europe. My results show that non-core groups living in states that pursue expansionist foreign policy goals are more likely to be excluded than targeted with assimilation. Furthermore, seeking no territorial changes and living in urban centers increase the likelihood of accommodation for a non-core group. When a non-core group is larger than one percent of the total population, however, it is more likely to be targeted with exclusionist or assimilationist policies rather than be accommodated. Prominent alternative explanations cannot account for the observed variation in nation-building policies. For example, non-core groups that are perceived as revisionist by ruling political elites will be targeted with exclusionist policies when they are living in revisionist states and are not primarily urban irrespectively of their cultural distance from the core group or the existence of an external national homeland. Non-core groups whose cultural distinctiveness is not linked to a political identity are more likely to be targeted with assimilationist policies even when they have both a different language and religion from the core group.
Natural Scene Statistics of Long Wave Infrared and Visible Images

Quality evaluation of long wave infrared (LWIR) and visible images plays an important role in the quality of a resulting fused image. Extensive work has been conducted on studying statistics of natural scenes in LWIR and visible images. Nonetheless, there has been little work done on analyzing the statistics of fused LWIR and visible images’ distortions. In this paper, we analyze five multi-resolution based image fusion methods in the presence of several common distortions, including blur, white noise, JPEG compression, and non-uniformity (NU) on LWIR images and how they affect natural scene statistics (NSS) models in resulting fused images. Furthermore, we conducted a human study on the subjective quality of pristine and degraded LWIR and visible fused images and created an opinion-distortion-unaware (ODU) fused image quality analyzer. In this test, 27 subjects evaluated 750 images in five sessions. In addition, we propose an opinion-aware (OA) fused image quality analyzer, whose relative predictions with respect to other stateof-the-art metrics correlated better to human perceptual evaluations. An implementation of the proposed fused image quality measures can be found at https://github.com/ujemd/NSS-of-LWIR-and-Vissible-Images.
Mobile Data Collection: Smart, but Not (Yet) Smart Enough

Mobile data collection with smartphones—which belongs to the methodological family of ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, and experience sampling—is a method for assessing and tracking people’s ongoing thoughts, feelings, behaviors, or physiological processes in daily life using a smartphone (Mehl and Conner, 2012; Miller, 2012; Trull and Ebner-Priemer, 2013; Harari et al., 2016). The primary goal of this method is to collect in-the-moment or close-to-the-moment active data (i.e., subjective self-reports) and/or passive data (e.g., data collected from smartphone sensors) directly from people in their daily lives. The collection and assessment of such data is possible because smartphones are widely available and come with the computational power and sensors needed to obtain information about their owners’ daily lives. Researchers in the fields of social science (e.g., Raento et al., 2009), psychology (e.g., Miller, 2012; Harari et al., 2016), and neuroscience (e.g., Schlee et al., 2016; Ladouce et al., 2017) use smartphones to collect data about personality processes and dynamics (Allemand and Mehl, 2017; Beierle et al., 2018a; Stieger et al., 2018; Zimmermann et al., 2018), daily cognitive behaviors (Aschwanden et al., 2018), social support behaviors (Scholz et al., 2016), momentary thoughts (Demiray et al., 2017), couple interactions (Horn et al., 2018), physical activity (Gruenenfelder-Steiger et al., 2017), and moods and emotions (Erbas et al., 2018). Using smartphones for data collection provides a snapshot of individuals’ everyday perceptions, experiences, and interactions with their environments. The use of mobile devices for the assessment of individuals’ daily lives is not a new research method (e.g., Fahrenberg et al., 1996). However, because smartphones have now become so widespread throughout the population, are low in cost, and are equipped with sensor technology and ready for data collection through apps (Miller, 2012; Cartwright, 2016; Harari et al., 2016; Beierle et al., 2018a), we are now living in an interesting time for smart mobile data collection. Despite much progress, based on our experiences and discussions with experts in the field, we see the potential for further development of this method.
MICROPATTERNING OF HYDROGEL AND ON-CHIP LONG TIME MONITORING OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS IN A CAGE

We developed a novel technique to observe individual cells in various environments using a cage made of patterned hydrogel on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips. The hydrogel is polymerized by UV-ray illumination (300-400 nm) on a glass surface, which is spin coated with the water-soluble prepolymer solution, and immobilized on the glass surface. The hydrogel is hydrophilic, transparent, biocompatible. Then, the PDMS microchannel is assembled and bonded on it. We transported cells into a cage using optical tweezers. In the cage, solution flow is stable and chemicals permeate through the wall, so cells are not flowed and we can change chemical conditions around cells stably. We succeeded in making a system to observe cells stably for long time.
Determinants of Capital Structure and Speed of Adjustment: Evidence from Iran and Australia

This study investigated different companies’ capital structures using a comparative approach in a developing country (Iran) and a developed country (Australia). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the capital structure based on the company's characteristics in Iran and Australia. The main characteristics of the companies used in this research are mainly based on the variables used in Pecking order theory and the Trade-off theory namely tangibility, firm size, profitability, and business risk. Three other variables including liquidity, asset utilization ratio and speed of adjustment were also investigated. Two indicators of total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio have been used as corporate leverage index. The population of this study included 178 Iranian companies listed on Iran's stock exchange and 187 Australian companies listed on Australia’s stock exchange from 2009 to 2015. To test the hypotheses, Panel data and Eviews software were used. To ensure robustness of the results, the speed of adjustment was estimated using GMM and OLS (with fixed and random effects). The results of this study showed that dynamic trade-off theory could better explain the changes in capital structure in Iran and Australia. The results also revealed significant differences in factors affecting the capital structure in Iran and Australia.
Nonlinear differential identities for cnoidal waves

This article presents a family of nonlinear differential identities for the spatially periodic function us(x) , which is essentially the Jacobian elliptic function cn 2(z;m(s)) with one non‐trivial parameter s>0 . More precisely, we show that this function us fulfills equations of the form us(α)us(β)(x)=∑n=02+α+βbα,β(n)us(n)(x)+cα,β,for all α,β∈N0 . We give explicit expressions for the coefficients bα,β(n) and cα,β for given s.
Optimal sub-arraying of compromise planar arrays through an innovative ACO-weighted procedure

In this paper, the synthesis of sub-arrayed monopulse planar arrays providing an optimal sum pattern and best compromise difference patterns is addressed by means of an innovative clustering approach based on the Ant Colony Optimizer. Exploiting the similarity properties of optimal and independent sum and difference excitation sets, the problem is reformulated into a combinatorial one where the definition of the sub-array configuration is obtained through the search of a path within a weighted graph. Such a weighting strategy allows one to effectively sample the solution space avoiding bias towards sub-optimal solutions. The sub-array weight coefficients are then determined in an optimal way by exploiting the convexity of the problem at hand by means of a convex programming procedure. Representative results are reported to assess the effectiveness of the weighted global optimization and its advantages over previous implementations. (c) The Electromagnetics Academy - The final version of this article is available at the url of the journal PIER (Progress In Electromagnetics Research): http://www.jpier. org/PIER/pier.php? paper=10092008
Rotor Resistance Online Identification of Vector Controlled Induction Motor Based on Neural Network

Rotor resistance identification has been well recognized as one of the most critical factors affecting the theoretical study and applications of AC motor’s control for high performance variable frequency speed adjustment. This paper proposes a novel model for rotor resistance parameters identification based on Elman neural networks. Elman recurrent neural network is capable of performing nonlinear function approximation and possesses the ability of time-variable characteristic adaptation. Those influencing factors of specified parameter are analyzed, respectively, and various work states are covered to ensure the completeness of the training samples. Through signal preprocessing on samples and training dataset, different input parameters identifications with one network are compared and analyzed. The trained Elman neural network, applied in the identification model, is able to efficiently predict the rotor resistance in high accuracy. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method owns extensive adaptability and performs very well in its application to vector controlled induction motor. This identification method is able to enhance the performance of induction motor’s variable-frequency speed regulation.
A search for interstellar anthracene towards the Perseus anomalous microwave emission region

We report the discovery of a new broad interstellar (or circumstellar) band at 7088.8 ± 2.0 A coincident to within the measurement uncertainties with the strongest band of the anthracene cation (C 14 H 10 + ) as measured in gas-phase laboratory spectroscopy at low temperatures. The band is detected in the line of sight of star Cernis 52, a likely member of the very young star cluster IC 348, and is probably associated with cold absorbing material in an intervening molecular cloud of the Perseus star-forming region where various experiments have recently detected anomalous microwave emission. From the measured intensity and available oscillator strength we find a column density of N an + = 1.1(±0.4) × 10 13 cm -2 implying that ~0.008 per cent of the carbon in the cloud could be in the form of C 14 H 10 +. A similar abundance has been recently claimed for the naphthalene cation in this cloud. This is the first location outside the Solar system where specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are identified. We report observations of interstellar lines of CH and CH + that support a rather high column density for these species and for molecular hydrogen. The strength ratio of the two prominent diffuse interstellar bands at 5780 and 5797 A suggests the presence of a 'zeta'-type cloud in the line of sight (consistent with steep far-ultraviolet extinction and high molecular content). The presence of PAH cations and other related hydrogenated carbon molecules which are likely to occur in this type of clouds reinforces the suggestion that electric dipole radiation from fast-spinning PAHs is responsible of the anomalous microwave emission detected towards Perseus.
Comparison of Rainy Season Onset, Cessation and Duration for Ghana from RegCM4 and GMet Datasets

The socio-economic sector of West African countries is rain-fed agriculture driven. Information regarding the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season is thus, very essential. In this paper, a comparison of the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season has been carried out using simulated rainfall data from the fourth generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) and rain gauge measurements from Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet), covering a period of 1998 to 2012. Similar onset and cessation dates were seen in both the simulated and guage rainfall measurements for the various agro-ecological zones, resulting in similar duration of the rainy season. The average duration of the rainy season were less than 200 days for the savannah and coastal zones whereas the duration of the rainy season were beyond 200 days for the forest and transition zones. The bias of these comparisons was less than 30 days and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were less than 15 days for all stations, except Saltpond. The Pearson’s correlation (r) typically ranged between 0.4 and 0.8. However, negative correlations were observed for Tamale in the savannah zone, and the entire coastal zone. These findings are indications that RegCM4 has the potential to clearly simulate the movement of the rain belt, and thus, could fairly determine the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season. The findings have significant contributions to effective water resource management and food security in Ghana, as the thriving of these sectors depend on the dynamics of the rainfall seasons.
Entrepreneur`s Trinity and its manifestation under conditions of cognitive capitalism

The major function of an entrepreneur gradually commences to be cooperation of owners of unique mental capabilities and creation of sustainable ensembles of the latter instead of a conventional combination of physical resources. Entrepreneur's mental capabilities are simultaneously an intrinsic part of these ensembles and an external force in relation to them. Ascending of entrepreneurial subjectivity as compared to the entrepreneur's status and role as the other two integrants of the triune image of this actor becomes the most salient feature of cognitive capitalism. This paper is intended to determine the source of activity of entrepreneurial subjectivity in intellect-based enterprises. The study is based on the concept of sense-making by K. Weik and the radical subjectivist Austrian economic theory. The authors identify the source of activity of entrepreneurial subjectivity as an ontological oscillation at the level of an abstract individual and as an “interpretive loop” effect – at the level of interactions within the enterprise. Team entrepreneurship is suggested as a way out of the “interpretive loop”. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Habitat Requirements of Breeding Scaled Quail in Texas

Habitat variables were correlated with scaled quail (Callipep/,a squamata) whistle counts on 133 (24-km) random transects in Texas. Whether or not a particular habitat variable was correlated with whistle counts appeared to depend upon abundance and distribution of other habitat types and structural features. If? : 1 requisite for quail survival and reproduction (food, water, cover, nest sites) was limited, habitat types and structural features were usually positively correlated with whistle counts (P < 0.10). Conversely, abundant habitat types which did not provide all of these requisites were usually negatively correlated with whistle counts (P< 0.10). Correlations indicated breeding scaled quail selected the more dense, shorter shrub habitats. Mesquite (Prosopsis spp.) habitats were especially important to scaled quail in the Trans-Pecos region.
Maximizing Literacy as a Protective Strategy

Evangelical Christian inerrantist scholars consistently maximize the extent of literary reading and writing abilities in ancient Israel, especially beyond scribes, priests, and other elites or professionals. How they frame the issues, handle the data, represent their work as academic historical research, and engage in certain recurring patterns of argumentation invites analysis. This article analyzes the publications of inerrantist scholars on Israelite literacy, in particular Alan Millard and Richard Hess, as examples of inerrantist discourse and argues that their scholarship on Israelite literacy is characterized by protective strategies that privilege biblical claims. The article thus aims to explore part of the historiography of scholarship on Israelite literacy, to provide an accurate account of what precisely inerrantist scholars are doing in their publications on the topic, and to reframe inerrantist scholarship on Israelite literacy as data for the study of religion.
Trend Analysis with Effective Covariates Based On Auto Regressive- Moving Average Time Series Residuals

Determining the pattern of a time series data is commonly established through identifying trend analysis. There is a variety of regression approaches can be chosen to perform trend analysis.All regression models are differentto the choose of which confounding factor are adjusted in the model.In view of this, when one takes into account the effective covariates in the trend analysis model,different patterns of a considered time series data setare created at each time t. This study proposes a methodology for characterizing the long term evolution of particular matterto identifyair quality analysis in the presence of radium, temperature and wind direction with correlated residuals in multiple regression models. Moreover, this is interesting in case where one performs trend analysis of the evolution of particular matters in quantity to air quality with significant effective covariates. Specifically, the considered approach provides a frame work based on the Gaussian correlated residuals where they follow a stationary Auto RegressiveMoving Average (ARMA) time series model.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bioterrorism

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are exotoxins produced primarily by Staphylococcus aureus, which is a ubiquitous microorganism with world-wide distribution (Bergdoll, 1983; Dinges et al., 2000). SEs are a major cause of food poisoning and they are also potent immune activators that lead to serious immune dysfunction (Alouf and Muller-Alouf, 2003; McCormick et al., 2001). Unlike most toxins, SEs are not directly cytotoxic and cell entry is not a requirement for them to cause an effect. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) place one SE, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), as a select agent based on its universal availability, ease of production and dissemination, and the potential to cause moderate but widespread illnesses. Additionally, because these agents are common to the environment and the diseases they cause are similar to other diseases, Category B agents require close environmental monitoring and enhanced disease surveillance (http://www.bt.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/).
Development of a Rapid in planta BioID System as a Probe for Plasma Membrane-Associated Immunity Proteins

Plant pathogens secrete effector molecules that suppress the plant immune response to facilitate disease development. AvrPto is a well-studied effector from the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Here we utilize an in planta proximity dependent biotin ligase labeling technique (BioID) in combination with AvrPto to identify proximal proteins that are potential immune system components. The labeling technique biotinylated proteins proximal to AvrPto at the plasma-membrane allowing their isolation and identification by mass spectrometry. Five AvrPto proximal plant proteins (APPs) were identified and their effect on plant immune function and growth was examined in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. One protein identified, RIN4, is a central immune component previously shown to interact with AvrPto. Two other proteins were identified which form a complex and when silenced significantly reduced P. syringae tabaci growth. The first was a receptor like protein kinase (APK1) which was required for Pto/Prf signaling and the second was Target of Myb1 (TOM1), a membrane associated protein with a phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) binding motif. We have developed a technology to rapidly determine protein interactions within living plant tissue. It is particularly useful for identifying plant immune system components by defining pathogenic effector protein interactions within their plant hosts.
Receptor-binding variants of H3N2 influenza A viruses: characterization of their sialidase activity towards different substrates

A atividade sialidasica do virus influenza tem uma atividade essencial sobre glicoproteinas celulares, permitindo a disseminacao de infeccoes virais por prevenir a auto-agregacao entre particulas virais e a re-ligacao virus-celula. Duas amostras variantes purificadas de virus influenza A/Memphis/102/72 (H3N2), reconhecidas por sua atividade de ligacao a receptores apresentando estruturas como a2,6 ou a2,3-sialilactose, foram analisadas por sua atividade sialidasica sobre diferentes substratos naturais e artificiais. A amostra M1/5 mostrou maior atividade sialidasica sobre fetuina (D.O.=0,226), MPN (D.O.=0,110) e eritrocitos humanos (10.240 unidades hemaglutinantes/ml), enquanto a atividade da amostra M1/5HS8 foi expressa por D.O. =0,129, D.O. =0,065 e 2.560 unidades hemaglutinantes/ml quando usados, respectivamente, fetuina, MPN e eritrocitos humanos como substratos. Contudo a amostra M1/5HS8 exibiu uma atividade sialidasica mais significativa sobre mucina quando comparada a amostra M1/5; a atividade enzimatica da primeira amostra foi responsavel pela liberacao de 3,5 nmol de acidos sialicos livres, enquanto a ultima produziu 16,5 nmol de acidos sialicos livres. (AU)
The Parenting Challenge: Selecting Technology and Non-Technology Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Autism is a Spectrum of Disorders (ASD) that affects 1 in 88 children. The issues and decisions parents face are almost insurmountable depending on the child's diagnosis, available interventions, the knowledge of parents, proximity to professionals and interventions, financial resources, and the individual needs of the child. There is no cure for ASD; it persists over an individual's lifetime. As a result, the role of parents is expanded and direct caregiving, decision-making, and supervision continue into the child's adult years. Parents find themselves involved in advocacy, education, intervention planning, and technology selection and use. Most parents actively seek interventions to help their children with ASD gain functional, behavioral, social, and academic skills. Without supportive parents or caregivers, many children with ASD are unable to function independently, and the quality of their lives is greatly diminished. This article describes technology uses in ASD and parental concerns. Findings from this descriptive study reveal the technologies parents are using, the needs and issues of families, and demographic data. Participating families were recruited from online discussion groups and through the assistance of the Interactive Autism Network (IAN) Project at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.