Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the G1/S Transition in Adult Liver: Expression and Activation of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Cdk1 in Differentiated Hepatocytes is Controlled by Extracellular Signals and is Crucial for Commitment to DNA Replication

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication and mitosis are the two processes allowing cell division and generation of two identical daughter cells without loss or alterations of genetic information. These two crucial steps are separated by the G1 and G2 (the acronym for gap) phases that are essential for metabolic adaptation and checking genome integrity before DNA replication and mitosis. Progression of eukaryotic cells through the cell cycle is regulated by the sequential formation, activation, and subsequent inactivation of structurally related serine/threonine protein kinases, the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase or Cdks (Malumbres et al., 2009). Cdks become active upon binding to their regulatory and periodically expressed subunits, namely, the cyclins. Timing of activation of these complexes is determined by a variety of mechanisms including transcriptional regulation, formation of complexes between Cdks, cyclins and other regulatory partners such as Cdk inhibitors (Cdki). In addition, phosphorylation, subcellular localization and selective proteolysis regulate the catalytic activity of these complexes. The first Cdk to be identified, cdc2, was initially discovered as the protein kinase in complex with several cyclins controlling both G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle in the yeast Schyzosaccharomyces pombe (Nurse and Thuriaux, 1980). In contrast to the yeast in which cdc2 is “the” master cell cycle regulator, in mammalian cells at least 20 Cdks, 5 Cdk-like protein kinases (Malumbres et al., 2009) and more than 30 cyclins have been identified that form multiple Cdk/cyclin complexes controlling the cell cycle progression (Malumbres and Barbacid, 2005) and regulating gene transcription and RNA processing (Loyer et al., 2005). Over the last two decades, it has become apparent that these multiple Cdk/cyclin complexes play specific roles in the regulation of a subset of events in the different phases of the cell cycle. A broadly accepted view of the mammalian cell cycle considers that cyclin D1-bound to either Cdk4 or Cdk6 controls progression in late G1 phase through phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) allowing activation of the E2F transcription factors and
Vision-based Indoor Localization of a Motorized Wheelchair

This project has achieved the localization of a motorized wheelchair in an indoor environment. A camera, mounted on top of the wheelchair is the only sensor. The SIFT algorithm, which identifies images and objects irrespective of changes in scale and viewpoint perspective has been implemented. This algorithm has been used to obtain the wheelchair’s current position on a (previously built) topological map of a corridor in the environment. Each topological node on the map is associated with a set of (previously taken) pictures, stored in a database. The SIFT algorithm is used to compare the current picture from the camera to the pictures in the database. The best matched picture gives the current topological position of the wheelchair on the map. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) based modification of the basic SIFT algorithm that reduces its dimensionality is discussed. A Hidden Markov Model modeling the transition probabilities from one topological node to another improves the robustness of the localization.
Saliva-derived DNA performs well in large-scale, high-density SNP microarray studies

As of June 2009, 361 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) had been referenced by the HuGE database(1). GWAS require DNA from many thousands of individuals, relying on suitable DNA collections. We recently performed a Multiple Sclerosis (MS) GWAS where a substantial component of the cases (24 %) had DNA derived from saliva. Genotyping was performed on the Illumina genotyping platform using the Infinium Hap370CNV DUO microarray. Additionally we genotyped ten individuals in duplicate using both saliva and blood derived DNA. The performance of blood versus saliva derived DNA was compared using genotyping call rate, which reflects both the quantity and quality of genotyping per sample, and the ‘GCScore’, an Illumina genotyping quality score, which is a measure of DNA quality. We also compared genotype calls and GCScores for the 10 sample pairs. Call rates were assessed for each sample individually. For the GWAS samples we compared data according to source of DNA and centre of origin. We observed high concordance in genotyping quality and quantity between the paired samples, and minimal loss of quality and quantity of DNA in the saliva samples in the large GWAS sample with the blood samples showing greater variation between centres of origin. This large dataset highlights the usefulness of saliva DNA for genotyping, especially in high-density SNP microarray studies such as GWAS.
Sucrose Metabolism and Accumulation is Disturbed during another Development in the T-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . )

T-type cytoplasmic male sterility (T-CMS) plays a significant role in hybrid seed production of wheat. An obstruction of starch accumulation in the T-CMS pollen grain insinuated that an anomaly in sugar metabolism might be associated with pollen abortion. To elucidate the relationship between sugar metabolism and T-CMS, levels of sucrose levels and its decomposition products, activities of key enzymes and gene expression level involved in its sucrose metabolism at mononucleus stage were investigated. The content of sucrose in T-CMS anthers remained higher than that in the fertile line, but the contents of glucose and fructose in T-CMS anthers were dramaticlly decreased in contrast with the fertile line. The activities of cell wall bound invertase (CWIN), vacuolar invertase (VIN) and neutral invertase (NIN) during sucrose accumulation in anthers of T-CMS were also decreased to 17.4%, 57.8% and 55.9%, respectively. The results of Real-time PCR also manifested that the expression levels of CWIN gene (IVR1), VIN gene (IVR5) and sucrose transporter gene (TaSUT1) were significantly down regulated in TCMS anther. It showed that the accumulation of sucrose in T-CMS anthers might involve a decrease in activity and a reduction in content of invertase. It can be concluded that an inability to metabolize incoming sucrose to hexoses resulted in T-CMS pollen developmental lesion. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers
EUV sources using Xe and Sn discharge plasmas

This paper reports the basic results that have been obtained at the SRC RF TRINITI (the former Branch of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy). The work deals with the development of high power discharge produced plasma EUV sources that can meet the requirements of high volume manufacturing lithography tools. Solving the problem of extremely high thermal loads on the electrodes of a EUV source by moving away the electrode surfaces from the plasma and using both multi-discharge systems and rotating Sn-covered disc electrodes is discussed.
Exploring the relative lack of impact of research on ‘ability grouping’ in England: a discourse analytic account

Abstract Grouping students by ‘ability’ is a topic of long-standing contention in English education policy, research and practice. While policy-makers have frequently advocated the practice as reflecting educational ‘standards’, research has consistently failed to find significant benefits of ‘ability’ grouping; and indeed has identified disadvantages for some (low-attaining) pupil groups. However, this research evidence has apparently failed to impact on practice in England. This article, contextualised by the authors’ interests in education and social inequality, seeks to do two things. First, it provides a brief analysis of the existing research evidence on the impact of ‘ability’ grouping, with particular reference to socio-economic inequality, identifying seven different explanations for the poorer progress of pupils in low sets that emerge from the literature. Second, it applies Foucaultian ‘analysis of discourse’ to propose potential explanations for the apparent lack of traction of existing research with policy and practice, arguing that practices of ‘ability grouping’ reflect cultural investments in discourses of ‘natural order’ and hierarchy, with particular resonance for the discursive and political habitus of middle-class parents. The authors postulate that investing in a powerful counter-discourse of enlightenment science, illustrated via their current randomised control trial of different approaches to pupil grouping, may offer a means to challenge hegemonic discourses that underpin current classroom practice.
Review of Generic Preflow Push Algorithm

In 2013, Orlin proved that the max flow problem could be solved in O(nm) time. His algorithm ran in O(nm + m) time, which was the fastest for very sparse graphs. If the graph was not sufficiently sparse, the fastest running time was an algorithm due to King, Rao, and Tarjan. We describe a new variant of the excess scaling algorithm for the max flow problem whose running time strictly dominates the running time of the algorithm by King, Rao, and
Moisture Damage Performance Tests of Asphalt Mixtures: A Review

This paper presents a comprehensive literature on moisture damage performance tests of asphalt mixtures. The moisture damage remains to be a detriment to the durability of the Hot Mix Asplhalt (HMA) pavements. Moisture damage can be defined in form of adhesive failure between bitumen and aggregates and cohesive failure within bitumen. Aggregate mineralogy, bitumen characteristic and anti-stripping additive dominantly influence the performance of asphalt mixture towards moisture damage alongside construction methods, climate and traffic loading. Various laboratory test methods have been developed to quantify the moisture damage performance of asphalt mixtures by resembles the action in the field including qualitative test such as Boiling Water Test (ASTM D3625) and quantitative tests (Modified Lottman test AASHTO T283). Both of these types of tests consist of two phase which is conditioning phase and evaluation phase. This paper will review the effectiveness of the selected available tests based on various asphalt mixtures material.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA RELATED IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY : A CASE STUDY AT BUSHULO MAJOR HEALTH CENTER , HAWASSA 1

Malaria is a major challenge to public health and socio-economic development worldwide and in sub Saharan Africa in particular. It causes an estimated 300 to 500 million cases and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths worldwide each year, of which 80% of the cases and 90% of the deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of malaria related inhospital mortality; so that modeling and simulating the related risk factors. The data were taken from hospital records at Bushulo major health center from June 2009 to June 2012, Hawassa. From a total of 6594 laboratory confirmed malaria positive in the health center, a sample of 539 patients were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the classical logistic regression and Bayesian logistic regression approaches. In this effort the two approaches were compared using standard errors of model parameters. The results of the study showed that 78.5% of malaria patients were found to be discharged while the rest 21.5% died of malaria in the health center. From Bayesian simulation analysis age, residence, time from symptom onset to diagnoses, type of malaria species diagnosed, body temperature in the last diagnoses, malaria complicated, pregnancy cases, total length of stay in hospitalization, referral status and season when patient diagnosed, were found to be statistically significant at 5% level of significance. The classical logistic regression analysis could select the first eight of these as significant predictors. Model comparison also revealed that, the Bayesian modeling approach has given estimates of the parameters with smaller standard error values showing that, with appropriate choice of prior distributions, the Bayesian modeling approach might lead to a more accurate estimation than the classical approach. It can be concluded from this study that the most contributing risk factors of malaria related in-hospital mortality in the health center are under five age group, rural resident, P.falciprum type of malaria species, having malaria complicated cases, longer time (days) from symptoms onset to diagnoses, wet season, high body temperature in the last diagnoses, women of pregnancy cases, shorter time (days) of stay in hospitalization.
Optimization of Pretreatment of Wheat Straw Using Alkali and Biphasic Acid Hydrolysis

Pretreatment is an important step in the conversion of biomass to biofuels. Alkali pretreatment increases cellulose digestibility and it is the most effective method for lignin solubilization, exhibiting minor cellulose and hemicellulose solubilization compared to acid or hydrothermal processes. The present study describes the potential of pretreatment of wheat straw to degrade lignin and facilitate conversion of polymers to single monomers using alkali treatment followed by biphasic acid hydrolysis. Two alkalis (NaOH and KOH) at various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 M) and at two incubation periods (6 and 12 h at room temperature) were used to delignify wheat straw. 1 M NaOH incubated for 6 h significantly degraded lignin (77%) with minimum sugar loss (1.6%). Further, delignified wheat straw was subjected to two different biphasic acid hydrolyses; firstly, biphasic acid hydrolysis was performed with 2% sulphuric acid at 121°C for 1 h followed by 4% sulphuric acid at 121°C for 1 h. Secondly, biphasic acid hydrolysis was performed with 3% sulphuric acid followed by 4% sulphuric acid under the same conditions. The conversion of holocellulose (cellulose + hemicellulose) during the above two different biphasic acid hydrolyses was 52 ± 2 and 41 ± 2%, respectively. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PATTERN BASED DETECTION OF POTENTIALLY DRUGGABLE BINDING SITES BY LIGAND SCREENING

This article describes an innovative way of finding the potentially druggable sites on a target protein, which can be used for orthosteric and allosteric lead detection in a single virtual screening setup. Druggability estimation for an alternate binding site other than the canonical ligand-binding pocket of an enzyme is rewarding for several inherent benefits. Allostery is a direct and efficient way of regulating biomacromolecule function. The allosteric modulators can fine-tune protein mechanics. Besides, allosteric sites are evolutionarily less conserved/more diverse even in very similarly related proteins, thus, provides high degree of specificity in targeting a particular protein. Therefore, targeting of allosteric sites is gaining attention as an emerging strategy in rational drug design. However, the experimental approaches provide a limited degree of characterization of new allosteric sites. Computational approaches are useful to analyze and select potential allosteric sites for drug discovery. Here, the use of molecular docking, which has become an integral part of the drug discovery process, has been discussed to predict the druggability of novel allosteric sites as well as the active site on target proteins by ligand screening. Genetic algorithm was used for docking and the whole protein was placed in the search space. For each ligand in the library of small molecules, the genetic algorithm was run for multiple times to populate all the druggable sites in the target protein, which was then translated into two dimensional density maps or “patterns”. High density clusters were observed for lead like molecules in these pattern diagrams. Each cluster in such a pattern diagram indicated a plausible binding site and the density gave its druggability score in terms of weighted probabilities. The patterns were filtered to find the leads for each of the druggable sites on the target protein. Such a novel pattern based analysis of the clusters provides a way to probe new druggable sites on a target protein in a much simpler setup. This structure based analysis method might help researchers to develop allosteric modulators and to identify novel target sites on drug resistant proteins. Keywords : virtual screening; docking; ensemble analysis; clustering; density distribution; genetic algorithm
Transformation of regional innovation policies: from ‘traditional’ to ‘next generation’ models of incubation

ABSTRACT This paper explores a widely employed instrument of regional innovation policy: the innovation incubator. It proposes that incubation approaches are moving away from a ‘traditional’ approach strongly premised on physical infrastructure and high-technology, to a more interactive, participatory and social mode of innovation, in line with broader developments in innovation policy and theory. To practically illustrate this shift, we take two cases: a ‘traditional’ style of incubation in Wales, UK, and a ‘next generation’ incubation programme in Finland. This paper reflects on incubators as a mode of regional innovation policy, both past developments and future trends, to ensure that new policies and programmes learn from best (and indeed, worst) practice and build on, rather than replicate, past approaches.
Heat Transfer from a Single Bubble Nucleation Site During Saturated Pool Boiling of FC-72 Using an Array of 100 Micron Heaters

Boiling heat transfer has been used in the thermal control of compact devices since the discovery of high heat transfer coefficients associated with boiling phenomena. The objective of the current work is to investigate and determine boiling heat transfer mechanisms in single and multiple bubble modes with a constant surface temperature boundary condition. The heat transfer data contained in this paper is unique because it is acquired at many locations simultaneously using a microscale heater array instead of at a single point underneath the bubbles, which yields a more detailed picture of the heat transfer process. Images of the growing bubbles were captured from below and from the side using two high-speed digital video cameras, allowing bubble behavior to be correlated with the heat transfer measurements. The data indicated that the area influenced by the bubble departure was approximately half the departure diameter. Microlayer evaporation was observed to contribute a significant, but not dominant, fraction of the wall heat transfer in the single bubble mode. Microlayer evaporation was insignificant in the multiple bubble mode, and heat transfer occurred mainly through transient conduction/microconvection during liquid rewetting as the bubble departs the surface. *
Intrusion Detection System at Operating System Level

This paper examines intrusion detection systems that gather audit trails directly from operating system. It discusses the feasibility and problems such systems may encounter. Although each step itself in an intrusion scenario may not necessarily differ from non-intrusive activities, the objective of intrusion leads to distinctive abnormal change of system state in the underlying environment, or the unusual amount of usage/rate of particular privileged tools, which in term leads to high occurrence of certain sequences of system calls. Since both are observable at system level, tracing of system calls gives an intrusion detection system another discriminating approach to identify anomalies and intrusions. These intrusion detection systems are briefly described in this paper. Furthermore it discusses problems, advantages and limitations of this approach.
Multi-symbiotic systems: functional implications of the coexistence of grass–endophyte and legume–rhizobia symbioses

The coexistence of symbionts with different functional roles in co-occurring plants is highly probable in terrestrial ecosystems. Analyses of how plants and microbes interact above- and belowground in multi-symbiotic systems are key to understand community structure and ecosystem functioning. We performed an outdoor experiment in mesocosms to investigate the consequences of the interaction of a provider belowground symbiont of legumes (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and a protector aerial fungal symbiont of grasses (Epichloё endophyte) on nitrogen dynamics and aboveground net primary productivity. Four plants of Trifolium repens (Trifolium, a perennial legume) either inoculated or not with Rhizobium leguminosarum, grew surrounded by 16 plants of Lolium multiflorum (Lolium, an annual grass), with either low or high levels of the endophyte Neotyphodium occultans. After five months, we quantified the number of nodules in Trifolium roots, shoot biomass of both plant species, and the contribution of atmospheric nitrogen fixation vs. soil nitrogen uptake to above ground nitrogen in each plant species. The endophyte increased grass biomass production (+ 16%), and nitrogen uptake from the soil – the main source for the grass. Further, it reduced the nodulation of neighbour Trifolium plants (−50%). Notably, due to a compensatory increase in nitrogen fixation per nodule, this reduced neither its atmospheric nitrogen fixation – the main source of nitrogen for the legume – nor its biomass production, both of which were doubled by rhizobial inoculation. In consequence, the total amount of nitrogen in aboveground biomass and aboveground productivity were greatest in mesocosms with both symbionts (i.e. high rhizobia + high endophyte). These results show that, in spite of the deleterious effect of the endophyte on the establishment of the rhizobia–legume symbiosis, the coexistence of these symbionts, leading to additive effects on nitrogen capture and aboveground productivity, can generate complementarity on the functioning of multi-symbiotic systems.
Implementation of Enhanced K-Means Algorithm using OpenMP

Serial execution of K-means algorithm on large dataset takes more execution time and does not give accurate results. Parallel processing is one of the ways to improve the performance of K-Means algorithm. But the execution time and accuracy is largely dependent on selection of initial cluster centers. In this paper, parallel processing of K-Means is proposed using an initialization method to originate initial cluster centers. Results have shown that time taken for clustering using our proposed approach is optimized as compared to serial K-Mean approach.
Enabling Data Dynamics and Achieving Access Control and Assured Deletion in Cloud

In this paper, a new practical cloud storage framework is proposed which is build on FADE system. FADE is cloud storage system which is a practical, implementable and readily deployable. It protects deleted data with policy-based file assured deletion. FADE system is using cryptographic techniques in which it first encrypts the outsourced data files to maintain their privacy and integrity. It also assuredly deletes files to make them unrecoverable to anyone upon revocation of file access policies. A working prototype of FADE is implemented on cloud storage services. We propose two extensions to the basic design of FADE. The first extension is to use attribute based encryption (ABE) to authenticate clients through policy based access control. The second extension is to add third dynamic operation to basic design of FADE architecture known as UPDATE operation.