Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial-temporal densely connected convolutional networks: An application to CO2 leakage detection

In carbon capture and sequestration, building an effective monitoring method is a crucial step to detect and respond to CO2 leakage. CO2 leakage detection methods rely on geophysical observations and monitoring sensor network. However, traditional methods usually require physical models to be interpreted by experts, and the accuracy of these methods will be restricted by different application conditions. In this paper, we develop a novel data-driven detection method based on densely connected convolutional networks. Our detection method learns a mapping relation between seismic data and the CO2 leakage mass. To account for the spatial and temporal characteristics of seismic data, we design a novel network architecture by combining 1-D and 2-D convolutional neural networks together. To overcome the expensive computational cost, we further apply a densely-connecting policy to our network architecture to reduce the network parameters. We employ our detection method to synthetic seismic datasets using Kimberlina model. The numerical results show that our leakage detection method accurately detects the leakage mass. Therefore, our novel CO2 leakage detection method has great potential for monitoring CO2 storage.
Multidimensional Data Sets: Traversing Sound Synthesis, Sound Sculpture, and Scored Composition

This article documents some of the conceptual developments of some various approaches to using multidimensional data sets as a means of propagating sound, manipulating and sculpting sound, and generating compositional scores. This is not only achieved through a methodology that is reminiscent of some of the systematic matrix procedures employed by composer Peter Maxwell Davies, but also through a generative signal path method conventionally termed Wave Terrain Synthesis . Both methodologies follow in essence the same kind of paradigm - the notion of extracting information through a process of traversing multi-dimensional topography. In this article we look at four documented examples. The first example is concerned with the organic morphology of modulation synthesis. The second example documents a dynamical Wave Terrain Synthesis model that responds and adapts in realtime to live audio input. The third example addresses the use of Wave Terrain Synthesis as a method of controlling another signal processing technique - in this case the independent spatial distribution of 1024 different spectral bands over a multichannel speaker array. The fourth example reflects on the use of matrices in some of the systematic compositional processes of Peter Maxwell Davies, and briefly shows how pitch, rhythm, and articulation matrices can be extended into higher-dimensional structures, and proposes how gesture can be used to create realtime generative scores. The underlying intent here is to find an effective and unified methodology for simultaneously controlling the complex parameter sets of synthesis, spatialisation, and scored composition in live realtime laptop performance.
Feature extraction in opinion mining through Persian reviews

Opinion mining deals with an analysis of user reviews for extracting their opinions, sentiments and demands in a specific area, which plays an important role in making major decisions in such areas. In general, opinion mining extracts user reviews at three levels of document, sentence and feature. Opinion mining at the feature level is taken into consideration more than the other two levels due to orientation analysis of different aspects of an area. In this paper, two methods are introduced for a feature extraction. The recommended methods consist of four main stages. First, opinion-mining lexicon for Persian is created. This lexicon is used to determine the orientation of users’ reviews. Second, the preprocessing stage includes unification of writing, tokenization, creating parts-of-speech tagging and syntactic dependency parsing for documents. Third, the extraction of features uses two methods including frequency-based feature extraction and dependency grammar based feature extraction. Fourth, the features and polarities of the word reviews extracted in the previous stage are modified and the final features' polarity is determined. To assess the suggested techniques, a set of user reviews in both scopes of university and cell phone areas were collected and the results of the two methods were compared.
Effects of low and high salinity regimes on seasonal gametogenesis of the ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima in coastal Louisiana, USA

The environmental controls on the reproductive timing of bivalves need to be better understood and documented in order to predict the potential consequences of a changing environ- ment on bivalve populations. In order to determine the potential impacts of shifting salinity and temperature regimes along the northern Gulf of Mexico, the seasonal timing of gametogenesis in the Gulf estuarine ribbed mussel Geukensia granosissima was examined across a salinity gradient in south Louisiana, USA, from July 2011 through October 2012. Ten mussels were randomly sam- pled monthly from low (~7) and moderate (~17) salinity marsh sites in south Louisiana and histo- logically processed to determine the seasonal progression of gametogenesis. Mussels at both sites showed an extended period of maturity from early spring through late fall, when temperatures remained above 20°C. Salinity affected the extent and timing of sexual maturity in the Gulf estu- arine ribbed mussel, suggesting that changes in salinity regimes may impact long-term population dynamics.
Unstructured Facility Navigation by Applying the NIST 4D/RCS Architecture

Abstract : The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) is working with the material handling industry, specifically on automated guided vehicles, to develop next generation vehicles. ISD is also a participant in the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR) Project embedding learning algorithms into the modules that make up the Four Dimensional/Real- Time Control System (4D/RCS). 4D/RCS is the standard reference model architecture which ISD has applied to control many intelligent systems. Technology from LAGR is being transferred to the material handling industry through the NIST Industrial Autonomous Vehicles Project. This paper describes the 4D/RCS structure and control applied to LAGR and the transfer of this technology through a demonstration to the automated guided vehicles industry.
Identification of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit: an orthonormal basis function approach

Multivariable system identification of a model IV fluidized catalytic cracking unit is performed using a linear time invariant model parametrization based on orthonormal basis functions. This model structure is a linear regression structure which results in a simple convex optimization problem for least squares prediction error identification. Unknown initial conditions are estimated simultaneously with the system dynamics to account for the slow drift of the measured output from the given initial condition to a stationary working point. The model accuracy for low frequencies is improved by a steady-state constraint on the estimated model and incorporation of prior knowledge of the large time constants in the model structure. The model accuracy is furthermore improved by an iteration over identification of a high order model and model reduction. First a high order model is estimated using an orthonormal basis. This model is reduced and used to generate a new orthonormal basis which is used in the following iteration step for high order estimation. With the approach followed accurate models over a large frequency range are estimated with only a limited amount of data.
Doppler imaging and surface differential rotation of young open cluster stars – I. HD 307938 (R58) in IC 2602

In this paper we present Doppler images of a young active G dwarf (HD 307938) in the southern open cluster IC 2602. Spectroscopic data were obtained over a four-night period in 2000 January at the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope using the University College London Echelle Spectrograph. Simultaneous photometric observations (in the V and R bands) were obtained at the 1.0-m Australian National University telescope. By applying least-squares deconvolution (LSD) to the 2500+ photospheric lines in each echelle spectrum a single high signal-to-noise ratio LSD profile was produced for each phase of the spectroscopic observations. Maximum-entropy image reconstruction, incorporating both the LSD profiles and the photometric data, was used to produce maps of the surface features of the star, with the inclusion of the photometric data producing an increase (compared with the use of spectroscopic data alone) in the spot occupancy in both low- and mid-latitude regions of the star. The maps show that HD 307938 possesses a large, broken polar spot extending down to ∼60° latitude, as well as lower-latitude spots similar to other rapidly rotating G dwarfs. By incorporating a solar-like differential rotation law into the imaging process the surface differential rotation of HD 307938 was determined. This gave a surface shear of dΩ= 0.025 ± 0.015 rad d−1 (for an inclination angle of 60°). Thus the equator of HD 307938 laps the poles every ∼250 d and has a photospheric shear around half that of the Sun.
An Integrated Approach to the Generalisation of Geological Maps

The British Geological Survey is recognising the consumer’s need for customised ‘built-for-purpose’ geoscientific data sets. It is witnessing a move away from being merely producers of standard scale cartographic products. This research proposes an automated tool for the generalisation of geological maps, which may assist the organisation in meeting these demands. The research shows that in order to derive a coarse scale geological map from a fine scale geological database there is a requirement for contextual sensitivity. To achieve an appropriate result the interaction between the themes represented on the map must be considered and should reflect the interaction of geological objects in the real world. A case study is presented which illustrates how standard cartographic generalisation operations can be combined, using a rule base, into a partially automated process to generalise a geological data set from 1:50,000 to 1:250,000 scale. Independent geoscientific professionals evaluated the encouraging results from the case study. The tool provides consistency and tracabilty in the generation of multiscale geoscientific data. The evaluation suggests that, with further research, higher levels of autonomous generalisation are achievable. In its current form it is a highly useful tool as 1) a testbed for defining generalisation requirements in geological mapping, 2) an aid to the production of standard scale maps and 3) a basis for creating customer specific data sets.
To Study and Realization of Quad-Band Bandpass Filter using Advanced Design System (ADS) Software

: The increasing development of multi-service wireless communication networks, microwave components and systems that support various modern communication standards have become a widespread tendency. As a key passive component in the RF front-end, multiband bandpass filter (BPF) design with compact size, high performance and low loss is in great demand for enhancing system functionality. However, multi-band filters have attracted considerable attention as essential components for combination of GPS, WLAN, WiMAX and RFID applications. In this paper, Quad-Band Bandpass filter is design and simulated using advanced design system software(ADS) for WLAN, WiMAX and RFID applications. The quadband BPF provided compact size, low insertion loss, high return loss and more transmission zeros(TZs) with proper source load coupling . The filter is design using set of dual resonator operating at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 4.4 GHz, 5.9 GHz. The two dual-band BPFs are combined by common feed lines to get the quadband respond in addition more transmission zeros (TZs) are achieved by strengthening the source-load coupling.
Additive Manufacturing of polymer based waveguides using Hybrid μ-Stereolithography

Integrated sensor networks are commonly used for detection of different parameters such as temperature, humidity, stress or pH-value. In comparison to electric circuits optical based communication systems have the benefits of a large bandwidth, integration density and independence of electromagnetic interferences in terms of the demand for more and more sensing devices on small space [1]. Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of the example in an optic integrated system. The packaged laser diode module requires free-form optical interconnection to transport the emitted light efficiently, which is not possible with conventional additive manufacturing (AM) technologies.
Synthesis and Characterization of CMK Porous Carbons Modified with Metals Applied to Hydrogen Uptake and Storage

In this chapter, we have shown that hopeful hydrogen storage material can be obtained by ordered mesoporous carbons (carbons mesostructured from Korea, CMK-1 and CMK-3) and modified with metal/cations species. The pristine CMK-1 and CMK-3 were synthesized by replication using MCM-48 and SBA-15 as hard templates and sucrose as a carbon source. Incorporation of metal species was carried out by wetness impregnation. The mesoporous materials modified were character‐ ized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), RAMAN, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and adsorption/desorption N 2 isotherms. Carbon modified with metal/cations shows a better capacity for hydrogen uptake than that of the mesoporous carbons. The evolution of high-pressure hydrogen adsorption measured at 77 K shows that composites can significantly enhance hydrogen adsorption capacity and hydrogen storage performance of carbon materials, proving to be prospective candidates for application in hydrogen storage. The improved activity and the larger performance of composite materials are attributed to improved dispersion of uniform metal/cations nanoparticles as well as to efficient use of the support, which may originate a high-surface area and pore volume, allowing a large dispersion of clusters.
Consideration of Iron-Organic Matter Interactions when Predicting Aquatic Toxicity of Copper in Mineralized Areas

Chemical speciation of dissolved metals influences their potential toxicity to aquatic biota. The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a computational approach to predict metal speciation and acute metal toxicity to aquatic biota. In predicting the toxicity of copper, the BLM takes into account the concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is known to bind copper and hence reduce toxicity in aquatic systems. We investigated the ability of DOM isolated from an ironand aluminum-rich source to reduce acute copper toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea). We conducted acute toxicity tests in water amended with DOM that was isolated from (1) a stream receiving acidic ironand aluminum-rich drainage, (2) an adjacent stream not impacted by ironand aluminum-rich drainage, and (3) IHSS Suwannee River fulvic acid. We found that the DOM isolated from the stream water receiving acidic ironand aluminum-rich drainage was 3 times less effective at reducing copper toxicity than was DOM isolated from the two non-impacted sources. In contrast, organic matter isolated from suspended sediment in the ironand aluminum-rich stream was 1.5 times more effective at reducing copper toxicity than was DOM isolated from the two non-impacted sources. These findings demonstrate that fractionation of organic matter between the dissolved and sediment phases in ironand aluminum-rich mineralized areas can result in more bioavailable dissolved copper and greater potential for copper toxicity to aquatic biota. Additional
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON PLASMA ACTIVITIES OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE AND CREATINE KINASE IN RED-TAILED HAWKS ( Buteo jamaicensis )

--Plasma activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and creatine kinase (CK) have been used as diagnostic indicators of muscle fitness and damage, respectively, in mammals. Activities of these enzymes were measured in three groups of red-tailed hawks (Buteojamaicensis) differing in flight capability (trained, untrained, and disabled) to determine whether their plasma enzyme activities were indicative of muscle fitness and flight training status. After a standardized flight exercise session, blood samples were taken every 24 hr and the plasma assayed for LD and CK activities. In most hawks, LD and CK peaked 24 hr after exercise and gradually declined over the next 48 hr. Both the baseline and peak enzyme activities were affected by the flight status of the hawk. Flight-trained hawks exhibited the lowest basal plasma LD activity of any of the groups and displayed a slight decrease (9%) in LD activity 24 hr after exercise. In contrast, plasma LD activity rose 156% in untrained hawks and 63% in disabled birds 24 hr after exercise; both values were significantly higher than that of the trained group. Plasma CK activity increased significantly over basal levels in both disabled birds (1450%) and untrained birds (731%) 24 hr after exercise, compared to only a moderate increase in CK activity (57%) in trained hawks. These results verify a significant relationship between flight conditioning and plasma activities of LD and CK in hawks that is similar to the mammalian response to training.
The statistical analysis of some volumetric measurements in the Japanese quails' head with different feather color: a computed tomography study.

The aim of this study was to contribute to quail head morphology and the formation of basic data sources for comparative measurement in the quail head. In this study, 60 Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) heads, which were white, brown and wild type were used. Four different anatomical structures of the quail heads, varying in feather color, were measured manually by two independent radiologists. These anatomical structures were head volume (HV), brain volume (BV), parietooccipital air space volume (POAV) and calvarial bone volume (CBV). According to computed tomography (CT) measurements, the quail head with white feather color had the smallest volumetrical values. This condition is thought to be caused by genetic differences.
Enhanced Osteoblast Adhesion , Proliferation and Differentiation on Nanocrystalline Diamond Coatings

Osteoblast (OB, bone forming cell) functions on diamond are critical for considering the use of anti-abrasive diamond coatings on orthopedic implants. In this study, OB functions including adhesion (up to 4 hrs), proliferation (up to 5 days) and differentiation (up to 28 days) on various diamond coatings were investigated. Two kinds of diamond coatings (nanoand submicron-crystalline diamond) were fabricated through microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the diamond coatings increased dramatically as grain size grew. These coatings were tested for OB adhesion and proliferation by counting adherent cells after incubation of 4hrs up to 5 days. OB differentiation on diamond coatings after incubation from 1 to 3 weeks was investigated by measuring total intracellular protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. Results demonstrated enhanced OB functions on nanocrystalline diamond coatings compared to submicron grain size coatings. The long-term (up to 3 weeks) functions of OB on nanocrystalline diamond coatings were promoted compared to submicron diamond, polished silicon and glass coverslips. In summary, these results provided insights into the application of diamond coatings in orthopedics, which can potentially improve wear problems of current implants and prolong their lifetime.
Modeling the prestellar cores in Ophiuchus

Abstract We present the first results from a project to model the prestellar cores in Ophiuchus, using initial conditions constrained as closely as possible by observation. The prestellar cores in Ophiuchus appear to be evolving in isolation — in the sense that the timescale on which an individual prestellar core collapses and fragments is estimated to be much shorter than the timescale on which it is likely to interact dynamically with another core. Therefore it is realistic to simulate individual cores separately, and this in turn makes it feasible (a) to perform multiple realisations of the evolution of each core (to allow for uncertainties in the initial conditions which persist, even for the most comprehensively observed cores), and (b) to do so at high resolution (so that even the smallest protostars are well resolved). The aims of this project are (i) to address how best to convert the observations into initial conditions; (ii) to explore, by means of numerical simulations, how the observed cores are likely to evolve in the future; (iii) to predict the properties of the protostars that they will form (mass function, multiplicity statistics, etc.); and (iv) to compare these properties with the properties of the observed pre-Main Sequence stars in Ophiuchus. We find that if the observed non-thermal velocities in the Ophiuchus prestellar cores are attributed to purely solenoidal turbulence, they do not fragment; they all collapse to form single protostars. If the non-thermal velocities are attributed to a mixture of solenoidal and compressive turbulence, multiple systems form readily. The turbulence first generates a network of filaments, and material then tends to flow along the filaments, at first into a primary protostar, and then onto a compact accretion disc around this protostar; secondary protostars condense out of the material flowing into the disc along the filaments. If the turbulence is purely solenoidal, but part of the non-thermal velocity dispersion is attributed to solid-body rotation, then again multiple systems form readily, but the pattern of fragmentation is quite different. A primary protostar forms near the centre of the core, and then an extended accretion disc forms around the primary protostar, and eventually becomes so massive that it fragments to produce low-mass secondaries; these frequently end up in hierarchical multiple systems.
Incorporating the Principles of Critical Pedagogy into a Teacher Efficacy Measure.

Although critical pedagogy has defined new roles for teachers through which they can step beyond classroom concerns, there seems to be little attention to these roles in the conceptualization and measures of teacher efficacy. This study was an attempt to review the available literature and measures of teacher efficacy to find out whether the principles of critical pedagogy have been incorporated into operational and theoretical aspects of teacher efficacy. The absence of these principles called for including such items in one of the most recent and valid teacher efficacy measures and construct validating the new scale.