Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pollen Limitation and Population Growth in a Herbaceous Perennial Legume

woodrat, Neotoma cinerea. University of California Publications in Zoology 110:1-121. Gutierrez, R. J. 1985. An overview of recent research on the spotted owl. Pages 39-49 in R. J. Gutierrez and A. B. Carey, technical editors. Ecology and management of the spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-185. Menkens, G. E. , Jr., and S. H. Anderson. 1988. Estimation of small-mammal population size. Ecology 69:1952-1959. Montgomery, W. I. 1987. The application of capture-markrecapture methods to the enumeration of small mammal populations. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 58:25-57. Old-Growth Definition Task Group. 1986. Interim definitions for old-growth Douglas-fir and mixed-conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest and California. U.S. Forest Service Research Note PNW-447. Quinn, J. E, and A. E. Dunham. 1983. On hypothesis testing in ecology and evolution. American Naturalist 122:602617. Rosenberg, D.K. , and R. G. Anthony. 1992. Characteristics of northern flying squirrel populations in young secondand old-growth forests in western Oregon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:161-166. Rosenberg, D. K. , C. J. Zabel, B. R. Noon, and E. C. Meslow. 1994. Northern Spotted Owls: influence of prey base-a comment. Ecology 75: 1512-1515. Sakai, H. E, and B. R. Noon. 1993. Dusky-footed woodrat abundance in different-aged forests in northwestern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:373-382. Thomas, J. W. , E. D. Forsman, J. B. Lint, E. C. Meslow, B. R. Noon, and J. Verner. 1990. A conservation strategy for the northern spotted owl. Report of the interagency committee to address the conservation strategy of the northern spotted owl. U.S. Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, USA. Volz, K. 1986. Habitat requirements of northern flying squirrels in west-central Oregon. Thesis. Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA. Witt, J. W. 1992. Home range and density estimates for the northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus, in western Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy 73:921-929. Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
Search of candidate genes for salting loss of ham by using Fluoro Differential Display (FDD)

Riassunto Ricerca di geni candidati per il calo di salagione del prosciutto mediante Fluoro Differential Display (FDD). Con la presente ricerca abbiamo studiato il livello di espressione di geni nel tessuto muscolare di suino con la tecnica fluoro differential display, per identificare geni espressi in modo variabile in funzione del parametro calo di prima salagione. Sono stati identificati dieci geni, dei quali sei a funzione nota e quattro non ancora caratterizzati, che mostravano un’espressione maggiore negli animali con il calo di prima salagione più alto.
Stegmata in Orchidales: character state distribution and polarity

The- distribution of stegmata in Orchidales is given for 130 species representing 105 genera. The stegmata occur in leaves and stems as longitudinal files of silica cells. lining fibre bundles or vascular bundle sheaths. The silica bodies contained in orchid stegmata arc of two major kinds, spherical and conical. The species investigated are characterized either by a single kind of silica body or by lack of silica cells. Absence of stegmata and presence of stegmata with conical bodies are the two most common character states in the order. The stegmata containing spherical bodies characterize Vandeae and Eriinae, Podochilinae, and Dendrobiinae within Epidendreae Comparison of character slates of the various groups within the family is used for a discussion of evolutionary polarity. The function of silica accumulation is reconsidered in the light of the epiphytic life-form of many of the investigated orchids.
Mercury (Hg)-Resistant Bacteria in Hg-Polluted Gold Mine Sites of Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia

In the present study, ten mercury-resistant heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from mercurycontaminated gold mine sites in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. The bacteria (designated strains SKCSH1- SKCSH10) were capable of growing well at ~200 ppm of HgCl except for strain SKCSH8, which was able to grow at 550 ppm HgCl . The bacteria were mesophylic and grew optimally at 1% NaCl at neutral pH with the optimal growth temperature of 25-37 oC. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolates were closely related to the family Xanthomonadaceae , Aeromonadaceae , and Pseudomonadaceae and they were identified as Pseudomonas spp. , Stenotrophomonas sp. , and Aeromonas sp. Eight bacterial strains were shown to belong to the Pseudomonas branch, one strain to the Stenotrophomonas branch and one strain to the Aeromonas branch of the a-Proteobacteria. Phylogeny based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that four of the isolates (SKCSH1, SKCSH4, SKCSH7, SKCSH9) could be classified as representatives of four novel species in the genus Pseudomonas that were allocated to P. moraviensis (96.96% similarity) and P. plecogossicida (94.53, 96.61, and 96.73% similarity). Four other isolates could be allocated to P. plecogossicida (97.57 and 98.66% similarity) and P. hibiscicola (99.97% similarity), one isolate to Stenotrophomonas africana (99.69% similarity), and one other isolate to Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. ranae (99.43% similarity). The findings of this study provide the first information of the phylogenetically-diverse Hg-resistant bacteria in the Hg-polluted sites of Indonesia that may be highly useful for developing in situ bioremediation or detoxification of Hg-contaminated sites in Indonesia.
Plant quality, progeny sequence, and the sex ratio of the sycamore aphid, Drepanosiphum platanoidis

The reproductive sequence of sexuparae of the sycamore aphid, Drepanosiphum platanoidis (Schrank) (Homoptera: Callaphididae), observed in the field and glasshouse was examined to elucidate the relationship between host nutrition and sex ratio. The observations were made in autumn when the transition from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction occurred. A switch occurred in the reproductive sequence of the sexuparae. The production of apterous sexual females (oviparae) was followed by alate males, after a brief reproductive pause lasting 2.5–4.0 days. The switchover period was relatively constant across treatments and years. On poor hosts, the first appearance of the oviparae was a day later, whereas the first appearance of males was a day earlier than those on good nutrition. The primary sex ratio (i.e., proportion of males) was numerically female biased. Under semi‐natural field conditions it was 0.22, but altered to 0.18 and 0.29, respectively, under poor and good host nutrition in the glasshouse. In both the field and glasshouse, nymphal development time was significantly longer in oviparae (ca. 22 days) than in males (ca. 18 days). The time from birth to adult was significantly shorter on good hosts (oviparae: 20 days; males: 17 days) than on poor hosts (oviparae: 23 days; males: 19 days). The proportion of nymphs surviving to the adult moult was not dependent on sex in both the field and glasshouse, but the chances of survival were slightly enhanced under good (88%) compared with poor (82%) host nutritive status. In conclusion, the order of morph production and differences in maturation times ensured the synchronisation of the sexes so that mating and oviposition opportunities were optimised before the onset of winter. The female‐bias in the sex ratio maximised the fitness of sexuparae, and reduced the chances of local mate competition by economising in members of the competing sex.
Biology and morphology of the parasitoid Chelonus inanitus (Braconidae, Hymenoptera) and effects on the development of its host Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera)

Summary The solitary egg-larval parasitoids of the genus Chelonus have the unique effect of inducing in their lepidopterous hosts the precocious onset of metamorphosis and developmental arrest in the precocious prepupa. As a prerequisite to identifying the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying these developmental effects, we analyzed the morphology and various growth parameters in the course of development of Chelonus inanitus and studied the effect of this parasitoid on growth and development of its host Spodoptera littoralis. We show the first scanning electron microscopic study of the internal stages of an endoparasitic wasp from the embryo to the third instar. By including observations from microscopic and histological analyses we describe the different stages in the development of the anal vesicle and the formation of new segments and show that the anal vesicle has surface structures which were never described before. We also demonstrate that the head and mouthparts change entirely with.
Effect of Feeding Highly Cis-Monounsaturated, Trans, or n−3 Fats on Lipid Composition of Muscle and Adipose Tissue of Pigs

The effects of feeding various fat sources on contents of trans fatty acids (TFA) and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFA) and on cholesterol incorporation in muscle and adipose pork tissue were studied. Thirty castrated pigs, divided into three experimental groups receiving the same basal diet with a different 4% supplement of fathydrogenated oil (H), linseed oil (L), and pomace oil (O)were slaughtered at 95 ± 2.16 kg. No differences were observed in production performance and in carcass and meat characteristics. The pattern of dietary fatty acids was reflected in muscle and adipose tissues. In backfat, animals fed H had the highest TFA contents. Animals fed O had the highest MUFA contents. Animals fed L had the highest levels of n−3, greater contents of C20:5n−3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and C22:5n−3, and lower levels of arachidonic acid (C20:4n−6). Dietary treatment did not affect cholesterol concentration. Keywords: Trans fatty acid; cis MUFA; n−3 PUFA; pig carcass
Unidirectionality in the phylogeny of social organization, with special reference to birds

Ecological explanations for the diversity in parental care patterns and social organization in certain taxonomic groups of birds are not fully satisfactory. They need to be supplemented by phylogenetic explanations. In this article I discussed some aspects of the latter type of explanations, especially the difference between probabilities of certain evolutionary transitions occurring in the one and in the opposite direction. To explain the diversity in parental care and mating patterns in waders and related groups, I presented a model on the phylogenetic pathways in the evolution of parental care and social organization in birds. It departs from an ancestral state with pure male parental care which may evolve via "uniparental care" (male cares, but female cares if male deserts) and "double clutching" towards biparental care with similar roles, polyandry and pure female parental care (polygyny, promiscuity). I have argued that certain transitions in this model (especially those from uniparental care and double clutching towards biparental care with similar roles and towards pure female parental care) may easily occur in the given direction, but not in the opposite one. The model predicts that pure male parental care and related patterns may be preserved in various lineages and may be associated with several other patterns in related species. It also predicts that pure female parental care is, in many instances, a final stage in the evolution, and hence quite often combined with pure female parental care in related species. To investigate the value of the model I tested its predictions for the phylogenetic trees of (1) arctic sandpipers, (2) the complete order of Charadriiformes, and (3) birds in general. All predictions were met. To investigate the likelihood of the model I considered to what extent predictions by alternative models were met. These models either ignored the effect of phylogenetic factors, or departed from alternative ancestral stages. The fit of the data seemed to be bad with the predictions of all of these models. Thus, the original model presented in this article must be considered as a probable reflection of the phylogeny of parental care and social organization in birds.
Purification and Properties of Soluble and Bound γ-Glutamyltransferases from Radish Cotyledon

Soluble and cell wall bound γ-glutamyltransferases (GGTs) were purified from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cotyledons. Soluble GGTs (GGT I and II) had the same M r of 63,000, and were composed of a heavy subunit (M r, 42,000) and a light one (M r, 21,000). The properties of GGT I and II were similar. Bound GGTs (GGT A and B) were purified to homogeneity from the pellet after the extraction of soluble GGTs. GGT A and B were monomeric proteins with an M r of 61,000. The properties of GGT A and B were similar. Thus, bound GGTs were distinguished from soluble GGTs. The optimal pHs of soluble and bound GGTs were about 7.5. Both soluble and bound GGTs utilized glutathione, γ-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, oxidized glutathione and the conjugate of glutathione with monobromobimane as substrates, and were inhibited by acivicin, but soluble GGTs were also distinguished from bound GGTs with regard to these properties.
Comparative morphological study and phylogeny of representatives of the superfamily Calyptraeoidea (including Hipponicoidea) (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda)

With the objective of testing the monophyly of the Calyptraeoidea and of searching for its ground plan, a detailed morpho-logical analysis was conducted for the following species: a) Family Calyptraeidae, 1) Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin) (formerly Crepidula); 2) Crepidula aff. plana Say; 3) C. protea Orbigny (these from Brazil); 4) C. aff. protea (from Argentina) (published elsewhere); 5) C. convexa Say (from Venezuela); 6) C. fornicata (L.) (from Europe); 7) Calyptraea centralis (Conrad) (from Brazil); 8) Crucibulum auricula (Gmelin) (from Venezuela); 9) Cr. quiriquinae (Lesson) (from Chile); 10) Trochita trochiformis (Born) (from Chile); 11) Sigapatella calyptraeformis (Lam.) (from New Zealand, formerly Calyptraea); b) Family Hipponicidae, 12) Hipponix costellatus Carpenter (formerly H. grayanus); 13) H. subrufus (Lam.); 14) H. incurvus (Gmelin) (formerly Capulus incurvatus) (these 3 from NE Brazil); 15) H. grayanus Menke (from Mexico and Ecuador); 16) H. leptus n. sp. (N.E. Brazil); 17) Sabia conica (Schumacher); 18) Malluvium devotus (Hedley) (both Australia); 19) Cheilea equestris (L.) (N.E. Brazil); c) Family Capulidae, 20) Capulus sycophanta Garrard (Australia); d) Family Trichotropidae, 21) Trichotropis cancellata Hinds (W. USA); 22) T. borealis Broderip & Sowerby (N. Atlantic); 23) T. sp. (Alaska); e) Family Vanikoridae, 24) Vanikoro sp. (Australia). A phylogenetic analysis of 112 characters (177 states) from morphology of all systems and organs results in the following single most parsimonious tree: ((Trichotropis cancellata - T. borealis) (Capulus sycophanta (Vanikoro sp ((Cheilea equestris (Sabia conica (Malluvium devotus ((Hipponix grayanus - H. leptus) (H. incurvus (H. costellatus - H. subrufus)))))) (Sigapatella calyptraeformis (Trochita trochiformis (Calyptraea centralis ((Crucibulum auricula - Cr. quiriquinae) (Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Crepidula argentina (C. convexa (C. fornicata (C. aff. plana - C. protea))))))))))))). Length: 267, CI: 67, RI: 88. Outgroups from other caenogastropod superfamilies were used as well as some archaeogastropod groups. The main result is the monophyly of Calyptraeoidea supported by 27 synapomorphies with basal Caenogastropoda used as the outgroup (Cerithioidea, Hydrobioidea), and 21 synapomorphies when Stromboidea and Cypraeoidea were used as outgroups. Calyptraeoidea includes, succes-sively along the tree, the following monophyletic families: Trichotropidae, Capulidae, Vanikoridae, Hipponicidae and Calyptraeidae. The hipponicid affinity of Cheilea is confirmed. Some taxonomic problems found in the sampled representatives (as mentioned above), were partially resolved.
Isolation of 3,3'-dihydroxychalcone from Primula macrophylla

A new dihydroxy chalcone has been isolated from the EtOAc-soluble portion of the whole plant of Primula macrophylla, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, including 2D nmr, as 3,3'-dihydroxychalcone [1]. 3'-Methoxyflavone and β-sitosterol have also been isolated for the first time from this plant
POPULATION STRUCTURE, DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE PATTERNS OF THE PATAGONIAN SMOOTHHOUND MUSTELUS SCHMITTI SPRINGER, 1939 (CHONDRICHTHYES, ELASMOBRANCHII, TRIAKIDAE) IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA AND INNER CONTINENTAL SHELF, SW ATLANTIC OCEAN (34º30'-39º30'S)

A total number of 4824 Mustelus schmitti was sampled. Females ranged from 25 to 93 cm in spring and from 28 to 90 cm in summer. Males ranged from 34 to 82 and from 28 to 77 cm, respectively. Length composition of the population showed significant differences between spring and summer being females larger than males. Total length distribution did not show significant differences between cruises. Males density varied significantly between cruises while for the females no significant variation was observed. In the spring cruise, both sexes occurred at depths lower than 50 m. Females occurred in the whole area with adult occurrence only above 35°30'S. Mature males occurred throughout the area, immature males occurring in two trawls in Samborombon Bay. The summer cruise showed a discontinuous distribution of the species along the study area resulting in spatial segregation in two groups with immature females predominating in both of them.
Effect of river management on colonially‐nesting waterbirds in the Barmah‐Millewa forest, south‐eastern Australia

River management has affected the ability of colonially-nesting waterbirds to reproduce in the Barmah-Millewa forest, south-eastern Australia. Relationships between reproductive performance and flow variability were quantified in order to establish the significance of the impact. The method of investigation involved: developing a conceptual framework describing four breeding–flow relationships (excellent, poor, abandoned and nil); obtaining measures for each relationship using annual breeding records (19 years; 1979–1997), habitat data (two traditional nest sites, one foraging area) and flow data (Murray River at Yarrawonga); and testing their predictive power at a landscape level. The effect of river management on the reproductive performance of colonially-nesting waterbirds was then assessed. Annual pulse dimensions in two runs produced by the monthly simulation model (natural and current flow; 1891–1992) were compared with the breeding–flow measures to obtain computer generated breeding level predictions. A major impact of river management was an 80% reduction in the frequency of successful breeding episodes compared to the natural precedent. The interval between breeding episodes during extended drought periods was identified as the most critical factor likely to affect the long-term stability or persistence of waterbird breeding in the forest. A literature review provided evidence of declining abundance and diversity of colonially-nesting waterbirds, and gave insight to the timing and factors contributing to the decline of many species. The principal conclusion is that three river flow objectives need to be addressed to ensure the long-term stability or persistence of breeding populations in the forest. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the critically endangered crested ibis, Nipponia nippon (Ciconiiformes: Threskiornithidae)

The Chinese crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, is a critically endangered bird. The current population of this species has developed from four wild individuals rediscovered in 1981. Given its conservation status, there is considerable interest in assessing the genetic diversity and individual relatedness in this species. For this purpose, a set of eight polymorphic di- or trinucleotide microsatellite loci was developed for the crested ibis. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.01 to 0.50, with less than four alleles being observed at individual loci, a reflection of the serious population bottleneck experienced by this species.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiglycation Properties of Methanol Extract and Its Different Solvent Fractions of Musa paradisiaca L. (Cv. Nendran) Inflorescence

Methanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca inflorescence and its different solvent fractions, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water were studied for their total phenolic and flavonoid content, free radical scavenging, and antiglycation activities, and these properties were compared with standard antioxidant compounds. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited higher antioxidant and antiglycation properties than other fractions. IC50 values of ethyl acetate fraction for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, 2,2-azinobis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid method, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and antiglycation activities were 9.80, 13.50, 26.40, 19.71, 25.73, and 31.00 μ g/ml, respectively. Total phenolic content of ethyl acetate (21.52 mg GAE/g) was significantly higher than other fractions. There was positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.
Do Thinning and Burning Sites Revegetated after Bauxite Mining Improve Habitat for Terrestrial Vertebrates?

Thinning and burning forests established on revegetated mine pits in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forests of south‐west Australia is being considered as a management option to accelerate succession in sites with excessive tree densities. To assess the impact of thinning and burning on reptiles and small mammals, we installed trapping grids in eight thinned and burned sites, each paired with untreated controls. Of the eight pairs, four were in rehabilitated sites (planted with nonlocal species) and four were in restored sites (seeded with local species). Thinning and burning had no significant impact on the small mammal community, although Cercatetus concinnus was more abundant in rehabilitated sites. In contrast, thinning and burning significantly increased reptile abundance and species richness, with two species (Morethia obscura and Menetia greyii) only recorded in thinned and burned sites. We concluded that thinning and burning was a successful management option in revegetated mine pits in jarrah forests, particularly because reptile communities created by thinning and burning were more similar to those in unmined forest. Although published studies for comparison are few, we expect thinning and burning to have generally positive effects on reptile communities in forest ecosystems where fire is an important disturbance agent. Our study emphasizes the importance of monitoring revegetated areas over time periods sufficient to detect deviations from desired successional trajectories, so that management options, such as thinning and burning, can be implemented if required.
Lepeophtheirus cuneifer Kabata, 1974 (copepoda:caligidae) from seawater-reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada

Adults, preadults, and chalimus larvae of Lepeophtheirus cuneifer were recovered from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, cultured in seawater in the southern Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. This species has not been reported previously from these hosts or in Canadian waters. It was found only in low abundance and is not an economically important parasite of farmed salmonids in British Columbia.