Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blue marlin mean length: simulated response to increasing fishing mortality

Mean length of caught fish often declines noticeably with increased fishing mortality and this trend is regarded as an indicator of excessive fishing mortality. The most recent stock assessment results for Atlantic blue marlins and Atlantic white marlins indicate that these stocks are heavily overfished. However, available data do not suggest a strong trend of decreasing lengths of marlins in the catch. The lack of such a trend has been used to argue that the assessment results are in error. This study uses population simulation to characterize the expected response of the size distribution of blue marlin to the vector of fishing mortality and FMSY estimated for the base case in the most recent stock assessment, and contrasts the results with a similar analysis for Atlantic swordfish. The results indicate that blue marlin should not be expected to exhibit strong trends in mean length with respect to fishing mortality within the range of fishing mortality estimated in the most recent stock assessment, and that the trends in the observed size composition are consistent with the findings of the stock assessment. The findings indicate that declining mean length is not a necessary outcome of excessive fishing mortality in all species.
A cockroach derived serine protease allergen activates airway epithelial cells via PAR2 receptors

Both endogenous and exogenous proteases have been implicated in allergic airway diseases. Though recent studies have demonstrated the role of airway epithelial cells in pathophysiology of allergic diseases, the mechanisms of epithelial activation remain largely unknown. Recently published study (Kale and Arora, 2014) focused on elucidating the role of serine protease activity of Per a 10 on airway epithelial activation and to gain an insight into possible mechanism. We found that airway epithelial activation by Per a 10 is dependent on its serine protease activity. Further we showed that this activation is PAR2 dependent and leads to Ca 2+ mobilisation. This Research Highlight discusses the findings of our recent study and active research endeavors.
The microflora of Blue Stilton cheese

Blue Stilton is a blue-veined cheese manufactured in a restricted area of the UK, using lactic starter cultures plus a secondary culture of Penicillium roquefotti. The aim of this study was to determine the change in microflora during ripening of the cheese and to investigate potential microbial interactions. Additionally, the volatile compounds present in mature samples of cheeses exhibiting few blue veins were compared with those in good quality cheeses, showing ample blue veining. Experiments on cheeses from a single dairy, monitored during the ripening process, showed that the total Lactobacillus count increased from levels of around 103 cfu g-1 on day one to around 107 cfu g-1 after 8 weeks of ripening. This is comparable to values found in other cheeses including both mould-ripened and non mould-ripened varieties. Yeast counts were generally higher than those found in other cheeses and also increased to levels in the region of 107 g-1. The total viable count (TVC) decreased from around 109 g-1 initially, reflecting the presence of the starter bacteria, to 107 g.1, suggesting a decline in the starter bacteria similar to that found in other cheeses. Mature cheeses always exhibited similar numbers of microorganisms although the species varied between cheeses. High quality, mature, cheeses were compared with sub-standard cheeses from the same production site. The predominant species of lactobacilli in good quality cheeses were Lb. plantarum and Lb. curvatus, whereas in poor quality cheeses Lb. brevis predominated. This corresponded to the results of gas chromatography-olfactometry, which indicated the presence of fruity off flavours in poor quality cheeses. Several strains of these species were isolated, as indicated by differing capabilities in utilisation of a range of carbon sources. Yeast species also varied between good and poor quality cheeses with Candida sphaerlca and C. catenulata predominating in good cheeses and C. famata, C. lipolytica and C. catenulata also occurring in both good and poor quality samples. Strain differences were observed by the biochemical profiles and two strains of C. famata demonstrated inhibitory effects against P. roqueforti when incubated under anaerobiosis. It was concluded that these strains may affect the development of blue veins in Stilton cheese when maturation conditions encourage their proliferation. Comparisons were made between samples of cheeses from several Stilton producers and the results suggested that although the levels of the groups of microorganisms tested were similar, the species of lactobacilli and yeasts present were different. This suggests that the indigenous microflora may have a significant impact on the flavour of cheeses from individual production sites. It was concluded that the microflora of Blue Stilton cheese may have a significant impact on the quality of the product both in terms of flavour and the development of the blue veins.
Selecting a Hiding Place: Anuran Diversity and the use of Bromeliads in a Threatened Coastal Sand Dune Habitat in Brazil

Among vertebrates, anuran amphibians represent the highest number of species associated with bromeliads and possess a range of ecological, behavioral, and morphological specializations to life in these plants. Despite the importance of bromeliads as biodiversity amplifiers, and their diversity in some habitats, studies of the relationship between anurans and these plants are scarce in Brazil. Here, we investigated the way anurans select and use bromeliads in a threatened coastal habitat. We analyzed data from 23 standardized samples of the anurans associated with the bromeliad Neoregelia cruenta in the Restinga de Maricá, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. We found nine anuran species using these bromeliads, representing the highest richness reported for a Brazilian restinga. We identified a general pattern of bromeliad usage, where plants located at the edges of scrub patches (exposed to the sun) were more frequently occupied by anurans than those located more to the center (in the shade). There is strong evidence of an active selective process based on the quality of the water stored in the rosette, which differs between plants depending on their position in the scrub patch. Although the number of individuals varied during the period of study, the frequency of bromeliads used was constant, indicating that plant occupation follows a regular pattern throughout the year. Furthermore, the high frequency of bromeliads used by anurans during the whole year highlights the importance of considering these plants in developing conservation programs concerning the protection of anurans.
An improved narrowband active noise control system without secondary path modelling based on the time domain

Several secondary path, acoustic noise cancellation modelling causes the problems to increase the complexity of ANC implementation, reduction of performance caused by modelling error and requirement of auxiliary noise for secondary path modelling. The acoustic noise generated is further compounded by using secondary path identification which makes the system complex. There are several available ANC algorithms that do not require secondary path estimation for modifying the FxLMS algorithms. Due to drawbacks such as slow convergence speed and, complexity of the phase shift mechanism, a novel approach with no secondary path modelling is adopted, in which the adaptation stability is guaranteed by switching the sign of the step size. It is combined with the online tuneable delay of the reference signal to significantly improve the adaptation convergence properties of the algorithm. A new mathematical modelling has been proposed to reduce the acoustic noise that increases the convergence criteria.
Pleiotropic chemoreceptors facilitate the maintenance of signal-receptor coupling in pheromonal communication

Signal diversity in communication systems plays an essential role in maintaining mating boundaries between closely related species. To preserve fitness, it has been hypothesized that signal-receptor coupling is maintained via strong purifying selection. However, because strong negative selection antagonizes diversity, how communication systems retain their potential for diversification is puzzling. We propose that one possible solution to this conundrum is receptor pleiotropy. Specifically, we demonstrate that Gr8a, a member of the gustatory receptor family in Drosophila, is a pleiotropic receptor that contributes to both the perception and production of inhibitory mating pheromones in the peripheral nervous system and pheromone producing oenocytes, respectively. Together, our data provide an elegant genetic solution to a long-standing evolutionary conundrum. One Sentence Summary The Drosophila chemoreceptor Gr8a contributes to the maintenance of pheromonal signal-receptor coupling via its pleiotropic action in both the perception and production of mating pheromones.
Unsupervised Translation Quality Estimation for Digital Entertainment Content Subtitles

We demonstrate the potential for using aligned bilingual word embeddings in developing an unsupervised method to evaluate machine translations without a need for parallel translation corpus or reference corpus. We explain different aspects of digital entertainment content subtitles. We share our experimental results for four languages pairs English to French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, and present findings on the shortcomings of Neural Machine Translation for subtitles. We propose several improvements over the system designed by Gupta et al. [P. Gupta, S. Shekhawat and K. Kumar, Unsupervised quality estimation without reference corpus for subtitle machine translation using word embeddings, IEEE 13th Int. Conf. Semantic Computing, 2019, pp. 32–38. ] by incorporating custom embedding model curated to subtitles, compound word splits and punctuation inclusion. We show a massive run time improvement of the order of [Formula: see text] by considering three types of edits, removing Proximity Intensity Index (PII) and changing post-edit score calculation from their system.
Parasites and the Behavior of Animals

1. Introduction 2. Life Cycles: Blueprints for R0 3. Behavioral Alterations and Parasite Transmission 4. Behavioral Alterations and Avoiding Parasites 5. Behavioral Alterations and the Fitness and Longevity of Infected Hosts 6. Concluding Remarks Appendix: Table Bibliography Index
High school biology preparation: Do students feel they have been adequately prepared for introductory college biology?

High schools in South Dakota can drastically differ in size, facilities, and funding. However, each high school is required to meet the same state standards. This study focuses on high school biology courses, which have standards designed to “ensure graduates of South Dakota’s public schools have the knowledge, skills, and competencies essential to be college, career, and life ready” (South Dakota Department of Education, 2018). Analyzing the effects of high school biology preparation on postsecondary success is important because success in high school STEM courses is directly related to success in college science courses (Hinojosa et al., 2016). The goals of this study are to determine whether or not high school students in South Dakota feel they have been adequately prepared for introductory college biology courses and why they feel prepared or not.
Chorus-call classification in the southern pied babbler: multiple call types given in overlapping contexts

Individuals of many species communicate with one another using a range of vocalisations and there is often variation in the use and structure of these calls depending on sex, status and context. In social species, two or more group members may also combine their vocalisations to produce duets or choruses. While the function of duets and the different contributions of males and females have received considerable research attention, less is known about the different calls used by group members in choruses. Southern pied babblers (Turdoides bicolor) are cooperatively breeding birds of Southern Africa that live in permanent stable groups. In addition to a variety of calls given by individuals, group members frequently combine to produce raucous choruses which include several different call types. Here we describe these different call types for the first time and explore their usage, with respect to the sex and dominance status of callers, production of the call alone or as part of a chorus, and the social context. Eight out of nine possible calls used in choruses on some occasions were found to be statistically distinct. As expected from the variation shown in individual calls, some of those call types included in choruses were sex-specific and some were used more by dominants than subordinates. Moreover, there was variation in the use of different call types as solos and within choruses, as well as their occurrence in different contexts. We discuss what might be concluded about the functions of the different call types from their patterns of usage.
Consequences of Submissive Loyalty Corporations: An Empirical Analysis of Korean Female Employees’ Perception

The number of female employees in the Korean workforce has risen. However, the Korean corporate climate, characterized by collectivism, hierarchism, and senior and masculine privilege, leads them to experience worklife conflict and even halt their careers. This climate stems from a social and organizational culture deeply rooted in traditional Confucianism. In Korea, where housework and childcare have long been considered the province of women, female employees find it more difficult to balance office work and family life. The Korean corporate climate welcomes overtime work, and women who work outside the home must juggle this and family responsibilities. We conceptualize behavior such as acquiescing to overtime work as submissive loyalty and elucidate work-family conflict and decreasing job and life satisfaction as consequences thereof. The analysis, based on a structural equation model, revealed that submissive loyalty increases work-family conflict, which decreases job and life satisfaction.
Annexin V Associates with the IFN-γ Receptor and Regulates IFN-γ Signaling1

Many of the biological activities of IFN-γ are mediated through the IFN-γR3-linked Jak-Stat1α pathway. However, regulation of IFN-γ signaling is not fully understood, and not all responses to IFN-γ are Stat1α dependent. To identify novel elements involved in IFN-γ cell regulation, the cytoplasmic domain of the R2 subunit of the human IFN-γR was used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human monocyte cDNA library. This identified annexin A5 (AxV) as a putative IFN-γR binding protein. The interaction was confirmed in pull-down experiments in which a GST-R2 cytoplasmic domain fusion protein was incubated with macrophage lysates. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation using anti-IFN-γR2 Abs showed that AxV interacted with IFN-γR2 to form a stable complex following incubation of cells with IFN-γ. In 293T cells with reduced expression of AxV, brought about by small interfering RNA targeting, activation of Jak2 and Stat1α in response to IFN-γ was enhanced. Inhibition of cell proliferation, a hallmark of the IFN-γ response, also was potentiated in HeLa cells treated with small interfering RNA directed at AxV. Taken together, these results suggest that through an inducible association with the R2 subunit of the IFN-γR, AxV modulates cellular responses to IFN-γ by modulating signaling through the Jak-Stat1 pathway.
What is Citrus? Taxonomic implications from a study of cp-DNA evolution in the tribe Citreae (Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae)

Abstract The taxonomy of Citrus is discussed in the light of the phylogeny of Citrus and allied genera inferred from the evolution of the segments trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) and trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA) of the cpDNA. Twenty-eight species from twelve genera of subfamily Aurantioideae were sampled. Phylogenies constructed using maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining are well supported by high bootstrap values. The molecular data support a clade constituted by Citrus , Poncirus , Fortunella , and Microcitrus , but do not support an hypothesis of monophyly of Citrus due to the isolated position of C. medica . These results are congruent with an analysis of morphological evolution of diagnostic characters within the tribe Citreae. A more conservative position with a wider definition of Citrus to include all the cited relatives is intended to avoid great nomenclatural changes in such an economically important group.
Effect of Differentiated Fertilization and Foliar Application of Iodine on Yielding and Antioxidant Properties in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Plants

The aim of this research was an attempt to obtain radish plants enriched with iodine by means of foliar application and soil fertilization with two forms of iodine – KI and KIO3. The effect of iodine on radish yielding and its antioxidant characteristic was determined. It was demonstrated that the form of applied iodine and the way of its application had a meaningful effect on the quantity of biological yield and leaf mass. Although all plants accumulated greater amounts of iodine in comparison with the control, it was best manifested in case of foliar application, as well as combined foliar application and soil fertilization of radish with KI form as 34.17 and 29.30 mg I kg –1 f.m. , respectively. Although, the effect of the form of applied iodine as well as the way of its application on antioxidant characteristics of radish was not revealed, the content of phenolic compounds turned out to be significantly higher than in case of foliar application combined with soil fertilization with both forms of iodine.
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Geranium robertianum Populations Recently Found in Japan

The Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. *nishida@num.nagoya-u.ac. jp (author for correspondence); Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Education Master’s Program, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Bunka-no-mori Park, Hachiman-cho, Tokushima 770-8070, Japan
The difference between the micronutrients content of seedling's root and root hair in several plant species

It was reported in soybean that the content of Fe and Co microelements of the root hair invaded by rhizobium during the process of nodule formation was higher than that of the root. To confirm this point, a supplementary experiment was carried out using several applicable plants, soybeans, lupine, pea, corn and pumpkin. Root hair was separated in liquid nitrogen from the roots of those seedlings. The separated root hair of 20 mg, or the residual root of 200 mg was digested in a microwave wet digestion device of closed sys- tem by using hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid. After wet–digestion, the content of micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) was measured by using a furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. This result indi- cates that micronutrients except for Co could be measured in a small amount of about 20 mg. Fe content was higher in root hair than in root irrespective of a monocotyledonous, a dicotyledonous, a leguminous or a non–leguminous plant. In seedlings, it became clear that most of the Fe storage in seed was accumulated in the root hair. Mo was similarly accumulated in root hair and root of soybeans and pumpkin. In corn, Mo content in root hair was low in comparison with that of root. In other words, the Mo content in root hair of dicotyledonous plants was higher than that of monocotyledonous plants. There was no great difference in the content of Mn, Zn and Cu between root and root hair and among plant species. From these results, it appeared that the micronutrients stocked in seed of leguminous plants might be transferred to the root hair. Moreover, the accumulation of some peculiar element (Ca, Co and Fe) known in root hair could be guessed to be related to an active absorption from nutrient solution during germina- tion.
Empirical uncertainty estimates for classification by deep neural networks

While the accuracy of modern deep learning models has significantly improved in recent years, the ability of these models to generate uncertainty estimates has not progressed to the same degree. Uncertainty methods are designed to provide an estimate of the probability that a model is correct when predicting class assignment. There are number of methods for estimating uncertainty, but it is difficult to determine which method is best in which context. Currently, methods are compared using scores which were developed for other purposes. In this article we: (i) propose a definition of empirical uncertainty which covers a wide class of methods, (ii) define a new score, the expected odds ratio (EOR), for uncertainty methods, and (iii) demonstrate that the score has desirable properties which do not hold for existing scores. We score a number of popular empirical uncertainty methods for in distribution image classification tasks on benchmark datasets.
Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Community Detection in Social Networks

Community Detection (CD) is an interesting research area in social network analysis. It becomes NP-hard problem in large network. Many researchers use heuristic algorithms to detect communities in social network. These algorithms based on objective optimization function and their goal is to find optimal feasible solution. Artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) gets high performance and accuracy in continuous problem. To solve discrete problem, ABC should be modified. This paper proposed Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (D-ABC) based on the traditional ABC algorithm to solve discrete optimization problem such as community detection. Experiments on three real-world networks show that D-ABC gets more effective community results than other algorithms.
Authentic Leadership and Work Engagement: The Mediatory Role of Employees’ Trust and Occupational Self-Efficacy

Purpose: The aim of the study is to find the impact of Authentic Leadership on Employee work engagement and the mediating role of employee trust and occupational self-efficacy. <br><br>Methodology: The sample size of this study was 200 employees from different organizations of Pakistan and the quantitative method was used which includes questionnaires with close-ended questions. Smart PLS software was used to measure the relationship among variables and different techniques for the analysis were adopted such as SEM Path Analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis. <br><br>Findings: The results indicate a strong relationship among variables and supported that there is a positive influence of Authentic leadership on employee work engagement along with the mediating effects of employee trust and occupational self-efficacy. <br><br>Conclusions: This research finds a strong and positive relationship among the variables and highlights the vital role that authentic leaders play in motivating employees to bring positive change in employee’s attitudes and behavior. The conclusions drawn will help to develop strategies so that the leaders may develop positive traits and workers may perform effectively and efficiently to enhance the productivity of an organization. <br>