Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult Functional Outcomes of Common Childhood Psychiatric Problems: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study.

IMPORTANCE Psychiatric problems are among the most common health problems of childhood. OBJECTIVE To test whether these health problems adversely affect adult functioning even if the problems themselves do not persist. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective, population-based study of 1420 participants from 11 predominantly rural counties of North Carolina who were assessed with structured interviews up to 6 times during childhood (9-16 years of age, for a total 6674 observations) for common psychiatric diagnoses and subthreshold psychiatric problems. The period for this study was from 1993 to 2010. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES A total of 1273 participants were assessed 3 times during young adulthood (19, 21, and 24-26 years of age, for a total of 3215 observations) for adverse outcomes related to health, the legal system, personal finances, and social functioning. RESULTS Participants with a childhood disorder had 6 times higher odds (odds ratio [OR], 5.9 [95% CI, 3.6-9.7]) of at least 1 adverse adult outcome (ie, indicator) compared with those with no history of psychiatric problems and 9 times higher odds (OR, 8.7 [95% CI, 4.3-17.8]) of 2 or more such indicators (1 indicator: 59.5% vs 19.9% [P < .001]; ≥ 2 indicators: 34.2% vs 5.6% [P < .001]). These associations persisted after statistically controlling for childhood psychosocial hardships and adult psychiatric problems. Risk was not limited to those who received a diagnosis; participants with subthreshold psychiatric problems had 3 times higher odds (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.8-4.8]) of adult adverse outcomes and 5 times higher odds (OR, 5.1 [95% CI, 2.4-10.7]) of 2 or more outcomes (1 indicator: 41.9% vs 19.9% [P < .001]; ≥ 2 indicators: 23.2% vs 5.6% [P < .001]). The best diagnostic predictor of adverse outcomes was cumulative childhood exposure to psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Common, typically moderately impairing, childhood psychiatric problems are associated with a disrupted transition to adulthood even if the problems do not persist into adulthood and even if the problems are subthreshold. Such problems provide a potential target for public health efforts to ameliorate adult suffering and morbidity.
Mouse models of metabolic liver injury

Metabolic liver injury is one of the fastest growing health problems worldwide. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty livers have been shown to be associated with progression to end-stage liver diseases, as well as to liver cancers, in humans. More importantly, there are no validated therapies for these disorders, therefore intensive research is required in this area. This review of standard operation procedures focuses on the experimental models of fatty liver disease in the mouse. Firstly, use of these experimental models might improve understanding of underlying mechanisms, and secondly this might help to test potential therapeutic options. This article includes, besides a short historic background, an insight into the pathobiochemical mechanisms and detailed experimental procedures as well as the practical implementation of these models.
Hybrid Aggregation of Sparse Coded Descriptors for Food Recognition

Recent year, with the increasing of unhealthy diets which will threaten people's life due to the various resulted risks such as heart stroke, liver trouble and so on, the maintaining for healthy life has attracted much attention and then how to manage the dietary life is becoming more and more important. In this research, we aim to construct an auto-recognition system of food images and keep the daily food-log records which will contribute to manage dietary life. With the easily available food images taken by mobile phone, it prospects to give the insight about the daily dietary of users with our constructed food recognition system. In order to achieve the acceptable recognition performance of the food images, we propose to apply a sparse model for coding local descriptors extracted from the food images and various pooling methods for aggregating the xoded descriptors. Sparse coding: an extension of vector quantization for local descriptors, which is popularly used in Bag-of-Features (BoF) for image representation, can reconstruct the local descriptors more effective, and then obtain more discriminated feature for food image representation. However, in order to emphasize the strongest activated pattern, the widely applied aggregation strategy of the sparse coded vector is only to retain the maximum coefficient in all (named as Max-pooling), which would completely ignore the frequency: an important signature for identifying different types of images, of the activated patterns. Therefore, we explore a hybrid aggregation strategy named as top-ranked average pooling (TRAP), which integrates not only the maximum activated magnitude but also the stronger activated number for image representation. Experiments validate that the proposed hybrid aggregation strategy combined with sparse model can greatly improve the recognition rates compared with the conventional BOF model and the state-of-the-art methods on two databases: our constructed RFID and the public PFID.
A CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL FOR AN INTEGRATED TAX SYSTEM

In an integrated tax system, the individual and corporate tax systems interact to remove the double taxation of dividends that otherwise occurs under a classical tax system. In this paper, we abstract from the mechanics of particular national integrated tax systems and present a simple asset pricing model for a reasonably general integrated tax framework. Specifically, we modify the standard CAPM to incorporate tax credits on risky assets and the heterogeneous valuation of these tax credits across all investors. We show that an investor’s optimal portfolio depends on the value the investor places on tax credits relative to the equilibrium value of credits.
Changes in Catalase Activity and Other Responses Induced in Plants by Red and Blue Light.

In an earlier paper (1) it was reported that etiolated barley seedlings when exposed to visible radiation suffer a large decrease in catalase activity and a simultaneous increase in chlorophyll. Eyster (4) found that dark-grown genetic albino corn seedlings, completely devoid of chlorophyll, also suffer a loss in catalase activity when illuminated. There are several earlier studies such as Knott (7) that report the effects of light on the catalase activity of growing plants. In all these studies light of the whole visible spectrum was used. Since it is apparent that the decrease in catalase involves a photochemical reaction, it is reasonable to assume that certain regions of the spectrum may be more effective than others. We initially planned to determine the action spectrum for this process, but difficulties involved in obtaining light of relatively narrow spectral bands of sufficient intensity forced use to confine our studies for the present to red and blue. This paper reports the results of these studies.
Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Psychopathology: Effects of Loss Characteristics and Contextual Factors

The purpose of this study was to determine whether childhood parental death and childhood parental separation are linked to lifetime depressive and anxiety disorders after controlling for related risk factors. Participants were 105 individuals from the community, including a group with separation/desertion from a parent, a group with childhood parental death, and a matched control group whose parents remained married and living together. Participants completed interviews and questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression, family psychiatric history, childhood maltreatment, and childhood parental relationships. Participants with separation/desertion and those with parental death were significantly more likely than the control subjects to report the subsequent onset of symptoms of a depressive or anxiety disorder. These effects were not fully explained by parental relationships or childhood maltreatment. However, in the group with parental separation only, family history of depressive and anxiety disorders accounted for the apparent effect of parental separation. These findings indicate that parental death may be a specific risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. For parental separation/desertion, our results highlight the overriding influence of risk factors that commonly co-occur with this form of parental loss.
Kakusan4 and Aminosan: two programs for comparing nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models for combined molecular phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence data

Proportional and separate models able to apply different combination of substitution rate matrix (SRM) and among‐site rate variation model (ASRVM) to each locus are frequently used in phylogenetic studies of multilocus data. A proportional model assumes that branch lengths are proportional among partitions and a separate model assumes that each partition has an independent set of branch lengths. However, the selection from among nonpartitioned (i.e., a common combination of models is applied to all‐loci concatenated sequences), proportional and separate models is usually based on the researcher's preference rather than on any information criteria. This study describes two programs, ‘Kakusan4’ (for DNA sequences) and ‘Aminosan’ (for amino‐acid sequences), which allow the selection of evolutionary models based on several types of information criteria. The programs can handle both multilocus and single‐locus data, in addition to providing an easy‐to‐use wizard interface and a noninteractive command line interface. In the case of multilocus data, SRMs and ASRVMs are compared at each locus and at all‐loci concatenated sequences, after which nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models are compared based on information criteria. The programs also provide model configuration files for mrbayes, paup*, phyml, raxml and Treefinder to support further phylogenetic analysis using a selected model. When likelihoods are optimized by Treefinder, the best‐fit models were found to differ depending on the data set. Furthermore, differences in the information criteria among nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models were much larger than those among the nonpartitioned models. These findings suggest that selecting from nonpartitioned, proportional and separate models results in a better phylogenetic tree. Kakusan4 and Aminosan are available at http://www.fifthdimension. jp/. They are licensed under gnugpl Ver.2, and are able to run on Windows, MacOS X and Linux.
JOPA: Accessing Ontologies in an Object-oriented Way

Accessing OWL ontologies programmatically by complex IT systems brings many problems stemming from ontology evolution, their open-world nature and expressiveness. This paper presents Java OWL Persistence API (JOPA), a persistence layer that allows using the object-oriented paradigm for accessing semantic web ontologies. Comparing to other approaches, it supports validation of the ontological assumptions on the object level, advanced caching, transactional approach, unification and optimization of repository access through the OntoDriver component, as well as accessing multiple repository contexts at the same time. Additionally, we present a complexity analysis of OntoDriver operations that allows optimizing object-oriented access performance for underlying storage mechanisms. Last but not least, we compare our object-oriented solution to low level Sesame API in terms of efficiency.
Von Willebrand factor, paravalvular leak, and a new vista for TAVR.

When Edward Heyde, a general practitioner, described the syndrome of gastrointestinal bleeding in the presence of aortic stenosis that bears his name (1), there is no way he could have known that his observations would open doors for a procedure that was completely inconceivable at the time of his writing. After several decades of search for a mechanism the group from Lille demonstrated that turbulent blood flow at a narrowed aortic valve leads to degradation of circulating levels of the adhesive macromolecule von Willebrand Factor (vWF), resulting in a bleeding diathesis that is correctable only by surgical replacement of the valve, which in turn leads to rapid restoration of circulating vWF levels (2). The same group recently reported that transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) had a similar effect. These mechanistic observations also have important diagnostic implications. The Lille investigators have now tied them to one of the major problems that continues to confound the field—paravalular leak following TAVR—by demonstrating that the previously observed coagulation defect continues in patients who have persistent aortic regurgitation after TAVR (3). Potentially, these findings have profound diagnostic utility.
Erosion of Belief and Disbelief: Effects of Religiosity and Negative Affect on Beliefs in the Paranormal and Supernatural

Abstract The authors investigated the effects of religiosity and negative affect on beliefs in the paranormal and supernatural among 94 undergraduate students enrolled in psychology classes at a small, private U.S. university. They hypothesized that religiosity would predict differential beliefs in the supernatural versus the paranormal but that negative affect would attenuate these beliefs. In addition, the authors predicted that belief in the supernatural and negative affect would interact to predict belief in the paranormal. Overall, the results were consistent with predictions. The religious participants were skeptical of paranormal phenomena but were accepting of supernatural phenomena. In addition, increased reports of negative affect over the preceding year appeared to attenuate belief in the supernatural for the religious participants. By contrast, for the nonreligious participants, increased belief in both the supernatural and paranormal was predicted when reports of negative affect were high. Finally, the interaction of supernatural belief and negative affect significantly predicted belief in the paranormal.
In vitro cultivation of Jatropha curcas L. cells for growth kinetic and total fatty acid determination.

The present study reports, In vitro cultivation of the Jatropha curcas (Linn.) plant cells for evaluation of growth kinetics and total fatty acid content. Plant cells were cultivated in three major synthetic media components in triplicates. Four growth measurement parameters were selected and the data was analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (P< 0.05). Among the parameters; the dry cell and fresh cell weight showed a significant variation between different media components than volumetric measurements. However, a consistent growth kinetics pattern was observed in dry cell weight of cells cultivated within individual medium. The biomass productivity was found to be 4.531, 2.265 and 1.903 gm l-1day-1 of cells cultivated in Murashige-Skoog, Woody Plant and Gamborg B5 media respectively. The maximum relative growth capacity of 0.621 and specific growth rate of 0.242 gm day-1 was found from cells cultivated in Murashige-Skoog media. The total fatty acid content obtained per dry cell weight was 5 % w/w using acidified petroleum ether extraction followed by transesterification. Thus, the dry cell weight method to determine growth kinetics and total fatty acid content in a liquid system is reliable and reproducible for further bioprocess and biotechnological studies of Jatropha.
Relative Performance Compensation, Contests, and Dynamic Incentives

Contests (or tournaments) are pervasive in organizations. They help performance evaluation by eliminating common shocks affecting agents' performance. However, tournaments are less effective when participants have heterogeneous ability because participants may conclude that the ability gap is too large to be overcome by their effort. Our theoretical analysis shows that a similar loss of motivation arises when tournaments take place over multiple periods because interim performance acts in a way that is similar to heterogeneous ability. Analyzing the sales contests organized by a commodities company, we document that winning participants decrease their effort as their lead extends, whereas the effort of trailing participants fades only when the gap to a winning position is very large. We also show that, on average, when contests are introduced they induce a higher level of effort among participants, although the incentives weaken as the number of participants increases. Finally, we demonstrate that although retailers respond to the multiple performance dimensions of the incentive program in part by shifting effort toward sales of more expensive products, they channel most of the increased effort toward reaching more customers.
Prognostic factors and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver

Abstract Objectives. To report the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-cirrhotic liver depending on the mode of primary treatment and to define clinicopathological factors influencing patients' prognosis. Methods. A retrospective analysis of an unselected cohort of 105 patients was performed. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and potentially prognostic factors were analyzed in Cox regression models. Results. OS of the whole cohort at 1, 3, and 5 years was 66%, 47%, and 29%, respectively. Tobacco consumption, ECOG >0, macroscopic vascular invasion, continuous tumor diameter, and treatment other than resection were predictors of decreased OS in the whole cohort. Resection was performed in 64% of patients with 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 84%, 69%, and 42%, respectively. Siderosis and BCLC stage were associated with decreased OS after resection. Recurrence occurred in 57% of patients with 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of 63%, 39%, and 31%, respectively. Viral hepatitis and macroscopic vascular invasion were associated with decreased DFS. One-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates in patients with non-surgical approaches (transarterial chemoembolization, systemic therapy, best supportive care) were 38%, 11%, and 7%, respectively. Tobacco consumption and Okuda stage were associated with decreased OS in these patients. Conclusions. OS and DFS of patients with HCC in non-cirrhotic liver depend most notably on tumor-related, demographic, and etiological factors. Features of the non-neoplastic liver tissue play only a minor role. Liver resection leads to a significantly better prognosis than non-surgical treatment approaches.
Improved Efficiency of the Frank-Wolfe Algorithm for Convex Network Programs

We discuss methods for speeding up convergence of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm for solving nonlinear convex programs. Models involving hydraulic networks, road networks and factory-warehouse networks are described. The PARTAN technique and heuristic variations of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm are described which serve to significantly improve the convergence rate with no significant increase in memory requirements. Computational results for large-scale models are reported.
A subspace like identification method for large-scale LTI dynamical systems

This paper will present new developments in the identification of large scale network connected systems in the framework of subspace methods. Special structures based on Kronecker products will be proposed that give rise to bilinear structured low dimensional optimization problem. The problems of interest for these large scale problems are imaging systems where images are blurred by perturbations that are dynamic both in time and space.
Fixed Switching Period Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Current Control of a PMSM

A fixed switching period sliding mode control (SMC) for permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is presented. The aim of this paper is to design an SMC that improves the traditional PI-based field-oriented control transient response, as well as to reduce the switching frequency variations of the direct torque control. Such SMC requires a decoupling method of the control actions, which also brings constant switching functions slopes. These constant slopes allow to calculate the required hysteresis band value to control the switching frequency. The digital implementation degrades the performance of the hysteresis comparator, and as a consequence, the previously calculated band becomes inaccurate to regulate the switching frequency. In order to recover the analogue hysteresis band comparator performance, a predictive algorithm is proposed. Finally, a set of experimental results with constant switching frequency during a torque reversal and speed control tests are provided.
Anisotropic random sequential adsorption of dimers on a square lattice.

The properties of the anisotropic random sequential adsorption of dimers on a square lattice are determined by Monte Carlo simulation and time-series expansion. The fractions of vertical and horizontal bonds occupied by dimers are calculated as a function of v, the probability of choosing vertical bonds to place dimers. In the limit v\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, the asymptotic fraction of vertical bonds occupied by dimers does not vanish but has the exact value ${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$[1-exp(-2${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$)]/2=0.016 046.
Live Traffic Analysis of TCP/IP Gateways

We enumerate a variety of ways to extend both stat i st i cal and si gnature-based i ntrusi on-detect i on anal ysi s techni ques to moni tor network tra c. Speci cal l y, we present techni ques to anal yze TCP/IP packet streams that ow through network gateways f or si gns of mal i ci ous act i vi ty, nonmal i ci ous f ai l ures, and other except i onal events. The i ntent i s to demonstrate, by exampl e, the ut i l i ty of i ntroduci ng gateway survei l l ance mechani sms to moni tor network tra c. We present thi s di scussi on of gateway survei l l ance mechani sms as compl ementary to the l teri ng mechani sms of a l arge enterpri se network, and i l l ustrate the usef ul ness of survei l l ance i n di rect l y enhanci ng the securi ty and stabi l i ty of network
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING HOG , LBP AND GABOR FEATURE DESCRIPTORS IN COREL DATASET

Objectives: The evolution of multimedia technology and rapidly increasing image collections on the Internet has attracted significant research efforts in image retrieval. Difficulties faced by text-based image retrieval motivated the researchers to develop new solutions for representation and indexing of visual information. This paper proposes a Content Based Image retrieval using HOG, LBP and Gabor features retrieve query related images. Method: This proposed approach extracts various features such as Gabor features, Histogram of Orientation Gradient (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) from the images and they are formed as feature vectors. The relevance distance between the query image and images in the database are measured using similarity distance metrics known as Euclidean Distance, Mahalanobis Distance and Minkowski-Form Distance. Based on the similarity metrics, the images relevant to the query image are extracted. The proposed approach is experimented on COREL dataset and its performance is evaluated using statistical parameters such as, the precision and recall. Findings: The statistical results show that the precision and recall of the proposed system are 80.06% and 19.26% respectively. Novelty: The comparative study between the proposed content based image retrieval method and other existing methods indicates that proposed method proves its better feature extraction capability than the other image retrieval methods.