Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intercellular Interactions and Cytokine Responsiveness os Peritoneal c ~ / / ~ and 7 / ~ T Cells from Listeria-infected Mice : Synergistic Effects of Interleukin 1 and 7 on 3 ' / ( 5 T Cells

Peritoneal "y/~ T cells from Listeria-immune mice show an enhanced potential to expand when restimulated with antigens or mitogens in vitro (see companion paper [Skeen, M. J., and H. K. Ziegler. 1993. J. Extx Med. 178:971]). When cocultured with peritoneal ol//3 T cells, the "y//~ T cell population expanded preferentially even when the in vitro stimulus was specific for the c~/B T cell population. Purified "y//~ T cells did not respond to c~//3 T cell-specific stimuli. If isolated T cell subsets were recombined in cell mixing experiments, the resulting proliferative response was greater than additive. Irradiated oe//3 T cells could enhance the proliferation of responding "),//~ T cells, but the effect was unidirectional; i.e., irradiated "y/~ T cells did not stimulate responding 3,/t3 T cells. This effect appeared to be cytokine mediated and did not require cell-cell contact. Both recombinant interleukin 2 (rlL-2) and rlL-7 could support the expansion of the ")'/~ T cells, while rlL-7 was only minimally stimulatory for the ot/fl T cells. The magnitude of the response by 3,//~ T cells to rlL-7 exceeded the response to other in vitro stimuli, including immobilized anti-T cell receptor monoclonal antibody, and was 50-100-fold greater than the ot/fl T cell response to IL-7. This unique sensitivity of'y/6 T cells to IL-7 was strongly enhanced by the presence of accessory cells. These cells could be replaced by rlL-1, establishing a synergy for IL-1 and IL-7 as factors that could uniquely stimulate this 'y//~ T cell population. Isolated peritoneal 3'/~ T cells from Listeria-immune mice react to heat-killed Listeria preparations in the presence of macrophage accessory cells in a non-H-2-restricted manner. Considered collectively, these results suggest a potential mechanism by which "y//~ T cells can predominate in epithelial tissues and at sites of infection.
Obituary: Charles J. Fillmore

Charles J. Fillmore died at his home in San Francisco on February 13, 2014, of brain cancer. He was 84 years old. Fillmore was one of the world’s pre-eminent scholars of lexical meaning and its relationship with context, grammar, corpora, and computation, and his work had an enormous impact on computational linguistics. His early theoretical work in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s on case grammar and then frame semantics significantly influenced computational linguistics, AI, and knowledge representation. More recent work in the last two decades on FrameNet, a computational lexicon and annotated corpus, influenced corpus linguistics and computational lexicography, and led to modern natural language understanding tasks like semantic role labeling. Fillmore was born and raised in St. Paul, Minnesota, and studied linguistics at the University of Minnesota. As an undergraduate he worked on a pre-computational Latin corpus linguistics project, alphabetizing index cards and building concordances. During his service in the Army in the early 1950s he was stationed for three years in Japan. After his service he became the first US soldier to be discharged locally in Japan, and stayed for three years studying Japanese. He supported himself by teaching English, pioneering a way to make ends meet that afterwards became popular with generations of young Americans abroad. In 1957 he moved back to the United States to attend graduate school at the University of Michigan. At Michigan, Fillmore worked on phonetics, phonology, and syntax, first in the American Structuralist tradition of developing what were called “discovery procedures” for linguistic analysis, algorithms for inducing phones or parts of speech. Discovery procedures were thought of as a methodological tool, a formal procedure that linguists could apply to data to discover linguistic structure, for example inducing parts of speech from the slots in “sentence frames” informed by the distribution of surrounding words. Like many linguistic graduate students of the period, he also worked partly on machine translation, and was interviewed at the time by Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, who was touring US machine translation laboratories in preparation for his famous report on the state of MT (Bar-Hillel 1960). Early in his graduate career, however, Fillmore read Noam Chomsky’s Syntactic Structures and became an immediate proponent of the new transformational grammar. He graduated with his PhD in 1962 and moved to the linguistics department at Ohio State University. In his early work there Fillmore developed a number of early formal properties of generative grammar, such as the idea that rules would re-apply to representations in iterative stages called cycles (Fillmore 1963), a formal mechanism that still plays a role in modern theories of generative grammar.
IT Enabled Agility in Organizational Ambidexterity

The aim of ambidextrous organizations is to balance exploratory and exploitative learning concepts. They innovate through experiments and research, and capture the value of innovations through refinement and continuous improvement. In this paper, we study the relationship of organizational ambidexterity and IT enabled agility. Based on a case study with a German car manufacturer we find that (1) entrepreneurial agility impedes exploitative concepts, (2) adaptive agility impedes exploratory concepts and (3) ambidextrous organizations exhibit structures that allow them to transfer results from exploratory to exploitative activities through IT enabled agility. Our findings suggest that exploitative concepts require IT enabled agility mechanisms that are incompatible with those for exploratory concepts, and oppositely. We found that knowledge transfer between business units often occurs, but is yet not fully integrated from an organizational perspective. We highlight the need for ambidextrous organizations to facilitate permeable boundaries with IT enabled agility by offering a transfer.
Test cost reduction by at-speed BISR for embedded DRAMs

The increase of test time of embedded DRAMs (e-DRAM) is one of the key issues of System-on-chip (SoC) device test. This paper proposes putting the repair analysis function on chip as Built In Self Repair (BISR). BISR is performed at 166 MHz as at-speed of e-DRAM using low cost automatic test equipment (ATE). The area of the BISR is approximately 1.7 mm/sup 2/, about 2% of conventional SoC devices. Using an error storage table form contributes to realizing a small area penalty of the repair analysis function. e-DRAM functional test time was reduced about 20% less than the conventional method at wafer level testing. Moreover, the results of e-DRAM test and repair analysis using BISR is almost coincident with the conventional method.
Building segmentation and modeling from airborne LiDAR data

Due to the high accuracy and fast acquisition speed offered by airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, airborne LiDAR point clouds have been widely used in three-dimensional building model reconstruction. This paper presents a novel approach to segment building roofs from point clouds using a Gaussian mixture model in which buildings are represented by a mixture of Gaussians (MoG). The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with the minimum description length (MDL) principle is employed to obtain the optimal parameters of the MoG model for separating building roofs. To separate complete planar building roofs, coplanar Gaussian components are merged according to their distances to the corresponding planes. In addition, shape analysis is utilized to remove nonplanar objects caused by trees and irregular artifacts. Building models are obtained by combining segmented planar roofs, topological relationships, and regularized building boundaries. Roof intersection segments and points are derived by the segmentation results, and a raster-based regularization method is employed to obtain geometrically correct and regular building models. Experimental results suggest that the segmentation method is able to separate building roofs with high accuracy while maintaining correct topological relationships among roofs.
Sharing and Protection for Reconfigurable Fabric with X EN OS

Hardware vendors have announced support for on-die FPGAs in future server-class processors, and providers are touting support for on-demand FPGA acceleration in the cloud. However, OSes have not yet responded with first-class support for FPGAs. This paper proposes a design for an FPGA OS support called XENOS. XENOS provides abstractions that allow multiple, mutually untrusting processes to safely and efficiently share FPGA(s), and to mediate access from FPGAresident user-logic to OS-managed resources such as memory or shared physical network I/O. XENOS exports a zone abstraction to virtualize regions of reconfigurable fabric: zones are demand-shared across processes both in space and in time. XENOS mediates access to OS-managed resources from user FGPA logic using hulls. A hull provides user-logic with an interface for expressing ranges of per-resource requirements to enable the system to scale it dynamically. A hull similarly provides standard interfaces to resources such as virtual memory and I/O while isolating resources from different protection domains. Measurements of our prototype show that XENOS can demand share FPGAs significantly faster under contention than a baseline system which emulates the behavior of emerging, but as-yet unavailable OS support from hardware vendors.
Shellix: An Efficient Approach for Shellcode Detection

Code injection attacks are widely used by attackers to compromise computer systems. Attackers could obtain the control of a victim's computer system by injecting shellcode to the vulnerable program. The existing solutions to detect shellcode can be grouped into two categories: static analysis and dynamic analysis. Static analysis can detect shellcode efficiently, but cannot handle the shellcode that employs obfuscation techniques. Dynamic analysis is able to detect the obfuscated shellcode, however it is still limited to detect the recent virtualization-aware shellcode. In this paper, we present a novel shellcode detection approach without using any virtualization technology. We implement our approach based on the commodity OS kernel which is compatible to the existing system. Our approach is able to detect the shellcode that could be aware of the virtualization environment and reduces the probability of exposing detection environment. Our experimental evaluations show that our system can effectively detect a large set of shellcode instances with good performance.
Incompatibility in context: A diagnosis of correction

Presupposing the Logical Description Grammar of van Leusen & Muskens (2003), we present an analysis of corrections in discourse. In line with Asher (1995) it is argued that the defining characteristic of corrections is incompatibility: corrections require the presence of a contextually supported alternative to the corrective claim such that the two are inconsistent in the context of interpretation. A large range of accommodation and pragmatic strengthening effects is accounted for in terms of this requirement. We examine the relation between incompatibility, the update effect of corrections, felicity conditions on informative, consistent, and local updating, and focus interpretation. Corrections induce nonmonotonic updates of the context. Allowing the update effect of discourse contributions to be underspecified, we argue that the nonmonotonicity of updates induced by corrections is a consequence of the interaction of the incompatibility requirement and the general felicity conditions on updating. Furthermore, we propose that under certain assumptions about focus interpretation, incompatibility in corrections can be taken to be established via information structural constraints.
Ultrastructural Observations of Lymphatic Vessels in Lymphedema in Human Extremities

&NA; Microsurgical lymphaticovenous anastomoses were done on a total of 14 patients. Six upper extremities of six female patients (average age 56.5 years) were operated on with lymphaticovenous anastomoses and were followed up for 17 months or more after surgery (average 25.5 months). Twelve legs of eight patients (average age 44.6 years) also were operated on and followed up for 12 months or more after surgery (average 23.4 months). Among these patients, 33 biopsied lymphatic trunks with lymphedema in 16 extremities of 12 patients were evaluated histologically by light and electron microscopy. Regarding the operative effect in the arms, the decreased circumference of the arms ranged from 2 to 9 cm (average 5.3 cm). The rate of preoperative versus postoperative excess circumference decreased in range from 25 to 94.7 percent (average 65.7 percent). As for the surgical effect in the legs, half the legs showed improvement. These postoperative improvements showed no correlation with the preoperative duration of edema and excess circumference in either the upper or lower extremities. Histologically, in the initial stage of lymphedema, there was destruction of both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the proximal level of the lymphatic trunks. The lumen of some proximal trunks was then occluded by organization with a few small recanalizations, but the distal lymphatics remained patent with minimal destruction of both the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle cells even in the later stage of lymphedema. These results suggest that the occlusions of the lymphatic trunks and degeneration of the smooth muscle cells may start from the proximal ends of the extremities and that the timing of the occlusions and the degeneration of smooth muscle cells may not correspond to the duration of edema. It is also considered that because of the smooth muscle degeneration, the lymph‐drainage capacity of the lymphatic trunks may be remarkably weakened in the proximal lymphatics of the extremities. Therefore, it is suggested that the remaining lymphatic drainage function with the smooth muscle cells may correlate with the postoperative improvement of edema. It is also suggested that the preoperative ultrastructural examination of the lymph‐drainage capacity may be a suitable method for predicting the surgical effect and operative indication for lymphatic edema in the extremities. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 97: 397, 1996.)
Characterization of a linear epitope on Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 DnaK-like protein

A cytoplasmic 75-kDa immunogen from Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 has previously been characterized as being similar to the Escherichia coli heat shock protein DnaK. We have localized a linear epitope for one monoclonal antibody specific for C. trachomatis DnaK. By use of a recombinant DNA technique, the epitope was limited to 14 amino acids. With synthetic peptides, the epitope was further limited to eight amino acids. Six of these amino acids are conserved in bovine HSP70, which has a known three-dimensional structure. The amino acid sequence homologous to the epitope is located in a linear part of the HSP70 molecule known as connect II.
A dormant multi-controller model for software defined networking

In order to improve the scalability and reliability of Software Defined Networking (SDN), many studies use multiple controllers to constitute logically centralized control plane to provide load balancing and fail over. In this paper, we develop a flexible dormant multi-controller model based on the centralized multi-controller architecture. The dormant multi-controller model allows part of controllers to enter the dormant state under light traffic condition for saving system cost. Meanwhile, through queueing analysis, various performance measures of the system can be obtained. Moreover, we analyze the real traffic of China Education Network and use the results as the parameters of computer simulation and verify the effects of parameters on the system characteristics. Finally, a total expected cost function is established, and genetic algorithm is employed to find the optimal values of various parameters to minimize system cost for the deployment decision making.
Involvement of multiple human cytochromes P450 in the liver microsomal metabolism of astemizole and a comparison with terfenadine.

AIMS The aims of the present study were to investigate the metabolism of astemizole in human liver microsomes, to assess possible pharmacokinetic drug-interactions with astemizole and to compare its metabolism with terfenadine, a typical H1 receptor antagonist known to be metabolized predominantly by CYP3A4. METHODS Astemizole or terfenadine were incubated with human liver microsomes or recombinant cytochromes P450 in the absence or presence of chemical inhibitors and antibodies. RESULTS Troleandomycin, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, markedly reduced the oxidation of terfenadine (26% of controls) in human liver microsomes, but showed only a marginal inhibition on the oxidation of astemizole (81% of controls). Three metabolites of astemizole were detected in a liver microsomal system, i.e. desmethylastemizole (DES-AST), 6-hydroxyastemizole (6OH-AST) and norastemizole (NOR-AST) at the ratio of 7.4 : 2.8 : 1. Experiments with recombinant P450s and antibodies indicate a negligible role for CYP3A4 on the main metabolic route of astemizole, i.e. formation of DES-AST, although CYP3A4 may mediate the relatively minor metabolic routes to 6OH-AST and NOR-AST. Recombinant CYP2D6 catalysed the formation of 6OH-AST and DES-AST. Studies with human liver microsomes, however, suggest a major role for a mono P450 in DES-AST formation. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to terfenadine, a minor role for CYP3A4 and involvement of multiple P450 isozymes are suggested in the metabolism of astemizole. These differences in P450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of astemizole and terfenadine may associate with distinct pharmacokinetic influences observed with coadministration of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Physical (in)activity and endothelium‐derived constricting factors: overlooked adaptations

The inner surrounding of arterial vessels, the endothelium, is optimally located to detect changes in blood characteristics or blood flow that may result from changes in physical activity or from diseases. In response to physical stimuli, the endothelium varies its release of circulating vasoactive substances and serves as a source of local and systemic endothelium‐derived dilator and vasoconstrictor factors. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest markers of vascular abnormalities observed in cardiovascular disease and ageing. Exercise training is an efficient therapeutic strategy to improve endothelial function. Traditionally, studies on endothelial dysfunction and physical (in)activity‐related effects on vascular adaptations are primarily focused on vasodilator substances (i.e. nitric oxide). One may suggest that augmentation of vasoconstrictor pathways (such as endothelin‐1 and angiotensin II) contributes to the endothelial dysfunction observed after physical inactivity. Moreover, these pathways may also explain the exercise‐induced beneficial cardiovascular adaptations. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of physical (in)activity on several endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor substances.
Compact microstrip triple-mode bandpass filters using dual-stub-loaded spiral resonators

Two new microstrip triple-mode resonators loaded with T-shaped open stubs using axially and centrally symmetric spiral structures, respectively, are presented. Spiraled for circuit size reduction, these two halfwavelength resonators can both generate three resonant modes over a wide frequency band by loading two T-stubs with different lengths. Due to the structural symmetry, they can be analyzed by oddand even-mode method. To validate the design concept, two compact bandpass filters (BPFs) using these two novel resonators with center frequencies of 1.76 GHz and 2.44 GHz for the GSM1800 and WLAN/Zigbee applications, respectively, have been designed, fabricated and tested. The center frequencies and bandwidths can be tunable through the analysis of resonant frequency responses, fractional bandwidths and external quality factor versus the resonator parameters. The final measured results have achieved good consistence with the simulations of these two BPFs.
A 2.1 mW 11b 410 MS/s dynamic pipelined SAR ADC with background calibration in 28nm digital CMOS

A 410 MS/s 2x interleaved 11bit pipelined SAR ADC in 28nm digital CMOS is presented. Each ADC channel consists of a 6b coarse SAR, a dynamic residue amplifier and a 7b fine SAR and includes an on-chip calibration engine that detects and corrects comparator offsets and amplifier gain errors in the background. The ADC achieves a peak SNDR of 59.8 dB at 410 MS/s for an energy per conversion step of 6.5 fJ.
Multiview face recognition based on multilinear decomposition and pose manifold

One major challenge encountered in face recognition is how to handle the wide pose variation and in-depth rotations of head. A multiview face recognition method is proposed in this study that addresses this challenge based on multilinear decomposition approach and pose subspace. In order to preserve the pose manifold geometry among different individuals in pose subspace, a pose-biased distance measure is proposed. In addition, as one of the impediments in manifold-based methods is the lack of sufficient data, a new half-ellipsoid-based pose generation method is presented. For performance evaluation of the proposed multiview face recognition method, three different experiments are run on three famous face datasets. The obtained recognition accuracy and the cumulative match characteristic curves confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in wide pose variation, even with limited number of training poses.
An accountability framework to promote healthy food environments

Abstract Objective To review the available literature on accountability frameworks to construct a framework that is relevant to voluntary partnerships between government and food industry stakeholders. Design Between November 2012 and May 2013, a desk review of ten databases was conducted to identify principles, conceptual frameworks, underlying theories, and strengths and limitations of existing accountability frameworks for institutional performance to construct a new framework relevant to promoting healthy food environments. Setting Food policy contexts within high-income countries to address obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. Subjects Eligible resources (n 26) were reviewed and the guiding principles of fifteen interdisciplinary frameworks were used to construct a new accountability framework. Results Strengths included shared principles across existing frameworks, such as trust, inclusivity, transparency and verification; government leadership and good governance; public deliberations; independent bodies recognizing compliance and performance achievements; remedial actions to improve accountability systems; and capacity to manage conflicts of interest and settle disputes. Limitations of the three-step frameworks and ‘mutual accountability’ approach were an explicit absence of an empowered authority to hold all stakeholders to account for their performance. Conclusions We propose a four-step accountability framework to guide government and food industry engagement to address unhealthy food environments as part of a broader government-led strategy to address obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. An independent body develops clear objectives, a governance process and performance standards for all stakeholders to address unhealthy food environments. The empowered body takes account (assessment), shares the account (communication), holds to account (enforcement) and responds to the account (improvements).