Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Quality and Storage Stability of Farmed Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Compared to Wild Cod

Abstract Quality characteristics of farmed and wild cod were compared during ice storage by measuring pH, water content, water-holding capacity (WHC), trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA), aerobic plate count (APC), as well as numbers of H2 S-producing bacteria (SPB) and Photobacterium phosphoreum. pH and water content were higher in wild cod than in farmed cod. WHC were similar for both groups until the last sampling, where farmed cod had a significantly higher WHC than wild cod. The TMAO level in farmed cod was only 5–10% of that found in wild cod. APC increased more rapidly in wild cod than in farmed cod, resulting in a 2 log units difference at the end of the storage period. P. phosphoreum were found in higher numbers in wild cod than in farmed cod, and SPB were not detected in farmed cod. These results might indicate that farmed cod have a slightly longer shelf life than wild caught cod.
Macrophages Expressing GALC Improve Peripheral Krabbe Disease by a Mechanism Independent of Cross-Correction

Many therapies for lysosomal storage disorders rely on cross-correction of lysosomal enzymes. In globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), mutations in GALC cause psychosine accumulation, inducing demyelination, a neuroinflammatory "globoid" reaction and neurodegeneration. The efficiency of GALC cross-correction in vivo, the role of the GALC substrate galactosylceramide, and the origin of psychosine are poorly understood. Using a novel GLD model, we show that cross-correction does not occur efficiently in vivo and that Galc-deficient Schwann cells autonomously produce psychosine. Furthermore, macrophages require GALC to degrade myelin, as Galc-deficient macrophages are transformed into globoid cells by exposure to galactosylceramide and produce a more severe GLD phenotype. Finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients reduces globoid cells in nerves, suggesting that the phagocytic response of healthy macrophages, rather than cross-correction, contributes to the therapeutic effect. Thus, GLD may be caused by at least two mechanisms: psychosine-induced demyelination and secondary neuroinflammation from galactosylceramide storage in macrophages.
Learning Structures: Predictive Representations, Replay, and Generalization

Memory and planning rely on learning the structure of relationships among experiences. Compact representations of these structures guide flexible behavior in humans and animals. A century after 'latent learning' experiments summarized by Tolman, the larger puzzle of cognitive maps remains elusive: how does the brain learn and generalize relational structures? This review focuses on a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to learning compact representations of the structure of states. We review evidence showing that capturing structures as predictive representations updated via replay offers a neurally plausible account of human behavior and the neural representations of predictive cognitive maps. We highlight multi-scale successor representations, prioritized replay, and policy-dependence. These advances call for new directions in studying the entanglement of learning and memory with prediction and planning.
Fecundity and sexual maturity of the crab Macrophthalmus depressus (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Some reproductive aspects of the ocypodid crab Macrophthalmus depressus, were investigated, with emphasis on fecundity and sexual maturity. Random intertidal crab samples taken in October 2002 were identified, sexed, measured, checked for the presence of eggs on female pleopods, dissected for gonad analysis and their egg numbers were determined. Fecundity averaged 1249.86 ± 991.96 eggs, ranging from 100 to 5000 eggs, increasing in accordance with female size. A very low variation in number of eggs was observed within the same size class, probably indicating synchronous spawning within the same reproductive season. Gonad analysis suggested that females and males become mature at carapace widths of 13.4 and 13.6mm, respectively. The potential effects of variations in fecundity in this species, and in the Ocypodidae family, were compared and discussed.
The paradox of the plankton: Fluctuations of phosphorus availability maintain diversity of phytoplankton in flow‐through cultures1

Competition experiments with phytoplankton under steady state conditions have largely verified the competitive exclusion principle. Coexistence of species limited by different resources contributes little to the explanation of the natural diversity of phytoplankton. It is shown by multispecies experiments in flow-through cultures that pulsed input of a key nutrient allows the coexistence of species competing for the same resource.
GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SEED YIELD OF OILSEED RAPE GROWN IN MANITOBA

Genotype × environment interactions, cultivar response to environments and cultivar stability for yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were studied using five cultivars grown for 3 yr at nine locations in Manitoba. The objectives were: (1) to estimate the components of variance associated with the first- and second-order interactions and to determine their effects on the standard error of a cultivar mean so that optimum test combinations of replications, locations and years for cultivar testing in Manitoba could be determined; (2) to measure cultivar response to varying environments; and (3) to measure cultivar stability. The genotype × year and the genotype × year × location interactions were significant. The genotype × location interaction was not significant, indicating the cultivars tested performed similarly relative to each other across locations over years. Increasing years, locations and replications in that order had the greatest effects on the standard error of a cultivar mean. Calculation .
Principal Chiral Model without and with WZ term: Symmetries and Poisson-Lie T-Duality

Duality properties of the $SU(2)$ Principal Chiral Model are investigated starting from a one-parameter family of its equivalent Hamiltonian descriptions generated by a non-Abelian deformation of the cotangent space $T^*SU(2) \simeq SU(2) \ltimes \mathbb{R}^3$. The corresponding dual models are obtained through $O(3,3)$ duality transformations and result to be defined on the group $SB(2,\mathbb{C})$, which is the Poisson-Lie dual of $SU(2)$ in the Iwasawa decomposition of the Drinfel'd double $SL(2,\mathbb{C})=SU(2) \bowtie SB(2,\mathbb{C})$. These dual models provide an explicit realization of Poisson-Lie T-duality. A doubled generalized parent action is then built on the tangent space $TSL(2,\mathbb{C})$. Furthermore, a generalization of the $SU(2)$ PCM with a WZ term is shortly discussed.
On the origin of the bimodal rotational velocity distribution in stellar clusters: rotation on the pre-main sequence

We address the origin of the observed bimodal rotational distribution of stars in massive young and intermediate age stellar clusters. This bimodality is seen as split main sequences at young ages and also has been recently directly observed in the $Vsini$ distribution of stars within massive young and intermediate age clusters. Previous models have invoked binary interactions as the origin of this bimodality, although these models are unable to reproduce all of the observational constraints on the problem. Here we suggest that such a bimodal rotational distribution is set up early within a cluster's life, i.e., within the first few Myr. Observations show that the period distribution of low-mass ($\la 2 M_\odot$) pre-main sequence (PMS) stars is bimodal in many young open clusters and we present a series of models to show that if such a bimodality exists for stars on the PMS that it is expected to manifest as a bimodal rotational velocity (at fixed mass/luminosity) on the main sequence for stars with masses in excess of $\sim1.5$~\msun. Such a bimodal period distribution of PMS stars may be caused by whether stars have lost (rapid rotators) or been able to retain (slow rotators) their circumstellar discs throughout their PMS lifetimes. We conclude with a series of predictions for observables based on our model.
From zonal flow to convection rolls in Rayleigh–Bénard convection with free-slip plates

Abstract Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection with free-slip plates and horizontally periodic boundary conditions is investigated using direct numerical simulations. Two configurations are considered, one is two-dimensional (2-D) RB convection and the other one three-dimensional (3-D) RB convection with a rotating axis parallel to the plate, which for strong rotation mimics 2-D RB convection. For the 2-D simulations, we explore the parameter range of Rayleigh numbers $Ra$ from $10^{7}$ to $10^{9}$ and Prandtl numbers $Pr$ from $1$ to $100$. The effect of the width-to-height aspect ratio $\varGamma$ is investigated for $1\leqslant \varGamma \leqslant 128$. We show that zonal flow, which was observed, for example, by Goluskin et al. (J. Fluid. Mech., vol. 759, 2014, pp. 360–385) for $\varGamma =2$, is only stable when $\varGamma$ is smaller than a critical value, which depends on $Ra$ and $Pr$. The regime in which only zonal flow can exist is called the first regime in this study. With increasing $\varGamma$, we find a second regime in which both zonal flow and different convection roll states can be statistically stable. For even larger $\varGamma$, in a third regime, only convection roll states are statistically stable and zonal flow is not sustained. How many convection rolls form (or in other words, what the mean aspect ratio of an individual roll is), depends on the initial conditions and on $Ra$ and $Pr$. For instance, for $Ra=10^{8}$ and $Pr=10$, the aspect ratio $\varGamma _r$ of an individual, statistically stable convection roll can vary in a large range between $16/11$ and $64$. A convection roll with a large aspect ratio of $\varGamma _r = 64$, or more generally already with $\varGamma _r \gg 10$, can be seen as ‘localized’ zonal flow, and indeed carries over various properties of the global zonal flow. For the 3-D simulations, we fix $Ra=10^{7}$ and $Pr=0.71$, and compare the flow for $\varGamma =8$ and $\varGamma = 16$. We first show that with increasing rotation rate both the flow structures and global quantities like the Nusselt number $Nu$ and the Reynolds number $Re$ increasingly behave like in the 2-D case. We then demonstrate that with increasing aspect ratio $\varGamma$, zonal flow, which was observed for small $\varGamma =2{\rm \pi}$ by von Hardenberg et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 15, 2015, 134501), completely disappears for $\varGamma =16$. For such large $\varGamma$, only convection roll states are statistically stable. In-between, here for medium aspect ratio $\varGamma = 8$, the convection roll state and the zonal flow state are both statistically stable. What state is taken depends on the initial conditions, similarly as we found for the 2-D case.
Oriented Matroids from Triangulations of Products of Simplices

We introduce a construction of oriented matroids from a triangulation of a product of two simplices. For this, we use the structure of such a triangulation in terms of polyhedral matching fields. The oriented matroid is composed of compatible chirotopes on the cells in a matroid subdivision of the hypersimplex, which might be of independent interest. In particular, we generalize this using the language of matroids over hyperfields, which gives a new approach to construct matroids over hyperfields. Using the polyhedral structure, we derive a topological representation of the oriented matroid. This relies on a variant of Viro's patchworking and insights on the structure of tropical oriented matroids. A recurring theme in our work is that various tropical constructions can be extended beyond tropicalization with new formulations and proof methods.
Ghost- and tachyon-free Weyl gauge theories: A systematic approach

We investigate the particle content of parity-preserving Weyl gauge theories of gravity (WGT$^+$) about a Minkowski background. Within a subset of the full theory, we use a systematic method previously presented in [arXiv:1812.02675] to determine 862 critical cases for which the parameter values in the action lead to additional gauge invariances. We find that 168 of these cases are free of ghosts and tachyons, provided the parameters satisfy certain conditions that we also determine. We further identify 40 of these cases that are also power-counting renormalizable and determine the corresponding conditions on the parameters. Of these theories, 11 have only massless tordion propagating particles, 23 have only a massive tordion propagating mode, and 6 have both. We also repeat our analysis for WGT$^+$ with vanishing torsion or curvature, respectively. We compare our findings with the very few previous results in the literature.
Mechanisms of intermediary platforms

In the current digital age of the Internet, with ever-growing networks and data-driven business models, digital platforms and especially marketplaces are becoming increasingly important. These platforms focus primarily on digital businesses by offering services that bring together consumers and producers. Due to added value created for consumers, the profit-driven operators of these platforms Matchmakers are extremely successful and have come to dominate their respective markets. The aim of this article is to understand how Matchmakers and coordination networks gain market dominance. The following sections will take a closer look at network and coordination effects as well as intermediary platform mechanisms and entailing disadvantages for users. Considering strategic and business challenges, we suggest a possible solution and strategy to avoid dependencies on individual players in the digital economy. We present a cooperative approach towards a fair and open Economy of Things (EoT) based on decentralized technologies.
Explainable AI for Classification using Probabilistic Logic Inference

The overarching goal of Explainable AI is to develop systems that not only exhibit intelligent behaviours, but also are able to explain their rationale and reveal insights. In explainable machine learning, methods that produce a high level of prediction accuracy as well as transparent explanations are valuable. In this work, we present an explainable classification method. Our method works by first constructing a symbolic Knowledge Base from the training data, and then performing probabilistic inferences on such Knowledge Base with linear programming. Our approach achieves a level of learning performance comparable to that of traditional classifiers such as random forests, support vector machines and neural networks. It identifies decisive features that are responsible for a classification as explanations and produces results similar to the ones found by SHAP, a state of the art Shapley Value based method. Our algorithms perform well on a range of synthetic and non-synthetic data sets.
Effects of Intercropping Sorghum-Cowpea on Natural Enemies of the Sorghum Shoot Fly, Atherigona soccata (Diptera: Muscidae), in Burkina Faso

Experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Matourkou near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso (West Africa), to study the effect of intercropping sorghum-cowpea, Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)—Vigna unguiculata (Walp.), on the natural enemies of the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae). Sampling was done weekly, on six occasions starting 10 days after sowing. Natural enemies of eggs were Trichogrammatoidea simmondsi Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatoidae), Tapinoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Fusarium sp. and a bacterium, Corynebacterium sp. Other insect species included a thysanopteran (Phlaeothripidae, Haplothripinae) and Dicrodiphosis sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) which were also associated with the sorghum shoot fly eggs. No significant differences were observed between the pure sorghum and the intercropped sorghum-cowpea with respect to T. simmondsi parasitism. Larval parasitoids were Neotrichoporoides nyemitawus Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), (6 to 17.50% of parasitism.
Energy Efficiency Optimization for NOMA UAV Network With Imperfect CSI

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are developing rapidly owing to flexible deployment and access services as air base stations. However, the channel errors of low-altitude communication links formed by mobile deployment of UAVs cannot be ignored. And the energy efficiency of the UAVs communication with imperfect channel state information (CSI) hasnt been well studied yet. Therefore, we focus on system performance optimization in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) UAV network considering imperfect CSI between the UAV and users. A suboptimal resource allocation scheme including user scheduling and power allocation is designed for maximizing energy efficiency. Because of the nonconvexity of optimization function with an probability constraint for imperfect CSI, the original problem is converted into a non-probability problem and then decoupled into two convex subproblems. First, a user scheduling method is applied in the two-side matching of users and subchannels by the difference of convex programming. Then based on user scheduling, the energy efficiency in UAV cells is optimized through a suboptimal power allocation algorithm by successive convex approximation method. The simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm is effective compared with existing resource allocation schemes.
Hacking the Waveform: Generalized Wireless Adversarial Deep Learning

This paper advances the state of the art by proposing the first comprehensive analysis and experimental evaluation of adversarial learning attacks to wireless deep learning systems. We postulate a series of adversarial attacks, and formulate a Generalized Wireless Adversarial Machine Learning Problem (GWAP) where we analyze the combined effect of the wireless channel and the adversarial waveform on the efficacy of the attacks. We propose a new neural network architecture called FIRNet, which can be trained to "hack" a classifier based only on its output. We extensively evaluate the performance on (i) a 1,000-device radio fingerprinting dataset, and (ii) a 24-class modulation dataset. Results obtained with several channel conditions show that our algorithms can decrease the classifier accuracy up to 3x. We also experimentally evaluate FIRNet on a radio testbed, and show that our data-driven blackbox approach can confuse the classifier up to 97% while keeping the waveform distortion to a minimum.
Rolling-Unrolling LSTMs for Action Anticipation from First-Person Video

In this paper, we tackle the problem of egocentric action anticipation, i.e., predicting what actions the camera wearer will perform in the near future and which objects they will interact with. Specifically, we contribute Rolling-Unrolling LSTM, a learning architecture to anticipate actions from egocentric videos. The method is based on three components: 1) an architecture comprised of two LSTMs to model the sub-tasks of summarizing the past and inferring the future, 2) a Sequence Completion Pre-Training technique which encourages the LSTMs to focus on the different sub-tasks, and 3) a Modality ATTention (MATT) mechanism to efficiently fuse multi-modal predictions performed by processing RGB frames, optical flow fields and object-based features. The proposed approach is validated on EPIC-Kitchens, EGTEA Gaze+ and ActivityNet. The experiments show that the proposed architecture is state-of-the-art in the domain of egocentric videos, achieving top performances in the 2019 EPIC-Kitchens egocentric action anticipation challenge. The approach also achieves competitive performance on ActivityNet with respect to methods not based on unsupervised pre-training and generalizes to the tasks of early action recognition and action recognition. To encourage research on this challenging topic, we made our code, trained models, and pre-extracted features available at our web page: http://iplab.dmi. unict.it/rulstm.
Shortest Path Centrality and the APSP problem via VC-dimension and Rademacher Averages

In this paper we are interested in a version of the All-pairs Shortest Paths problem (APSP) that fits neither in the exact nor in the approximate case. We define a measure of centrality of a shortest path, related to the ``importance'' of such shortest path in the graph, and propose an algorithm based on the idea of progressive sampling that, for {\it any fixed constants} $0 < \epsilon$, $ \delta < 1$, given an undirected graph $G$ with non-negative edge weights, outputs with probability $1 - \delta$ a data structure of size $n \cdot \textrm{Diam}_V(G)$, where $\textrm{Diam}_V(G)$ is the vertex diameter of $G$, in expected time $\mathcal{O}(\lg n \max(m + n \log n, n \cdot \textrm{Diam}_V(G)))$ containing the (exact) distance and the shortest path between every pair of vertices $(u,v)$ that has centrality at least $\epsilon$. The progressive sampling technique is sensitive to the probability distribution of the input (if we assume that $G$ is chosen from a prescribed random distribution), but even in the case where we take no assumption about such distribution, we show an upper bound for the sample size using VC-dimension theory that is tighter than the bound given by standard Hoeffding and union bounds, since VC-dimension theory captures the combinatorial structure of the input graph.
Realization of MIMO Channel Model for Spatial Diversity with Capacity and SNR Multiplexing Gains

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system transmission is a popular diversity technique to improve the reliability of a communication system where transmitter, communication channel and receiver are the important elements. Data transmission reliability can be ensured when the bit error rate is very low. Normally, multiple antenna elements are used at both the transmitting and receiving section in MIMO Systems. MIMO system utilizes antenna diversity or spatial diversity coding system in wireless channels because wireless channels severely suffer from multipath fading in which the transmitted signal is reflected along various multiple paths before reaching to the destination or receiving section.Parallel transmission of MIMO system has also been implemented where both the real part and imaginary part of the original, detected and the corresponding received data sequence has been described graphically. The MIMO channel average capacity is achieved more than 80% for dissimilar levels of impairments in transceiver when the value of kappa (Level of impairments in transmitter hardware) reduces from 0.02 to 0.005. The finite-SNR multiplexing gain (Proportion of MIMO system capacity to SISO system capacity) has been observed for deterministic and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels correspondingly. The core difference is in the high SNR level. It may occur for two reasons: (a) there is a quicker convergence to the limits under transceiver impairments (b) deterministic channels that are built on digital architectural plans or topographical maps of the propagation environment acquire an asymptotic gain superior than multiplexing gain when the number of transmitting antenna is greater than the number of receiving antenna.