Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism Value Evaluation of Urban Ancient Architecture

Architecture has been regarded as one of basic prerequisites for urban tourism. Urban ancient architecture has all been attracted resources since the early times of tourism and performs important roles within the urban tourism system. However, not all the ancient relics have high tourism value, so it is necessary to make a scientific evaluation for urban ancient architecture from the perspective of tourism. This paper defined the concept of tourism value at first, and then constructed a tourism value evaluation system for urban ancient architecture from the perspective of tourism resources, finally took Chengdu, which is one of biggest cities in Western China, as a case study to evaluate the argument. This research shows that the tourism value evaluation index system of ancient architectures includes architectural noumenon value, tourism development value, historical value, artistic value, scientific value, cultural value, use value, emotional value and environmental value as well as the protection of the status quo, development conditions and 29-factor indexes. The historical background and the aesthetic value of the architecture are two main reasons for attracting tourists, and the research result shows that the consistent evaluation index system is scientific and feasible.
The complex, dusty narrow-line region of NGC 4388: Gas-jet interactions, outflows, and extinction revealed by near-IR spectroscopy

We present Gemini/GNIRS spectroscopy of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4388, with simultaneous coverage from 0.85 - 2.5 $\mu$m. Several spatially-extended emission lines are detected for the first time, both in the obscured and unobscured portion of the optical narrow line region (NLR), allowing us to assess the combined effects of the central continuum source, outflowing gas and shocks generated by the radio jet on the central 280 pc gas. The HI and [FeII] lines allow us to map the extinction affecting the NLR. We found that the nuclear region is heavily obscured, with E(B-V) ~1.9 mag. To the NE of the nucleus and up to ~150 pc, the extinction remains large, ~1 mag or larger, consistent with the system of dust lanes seen in optical imaging. We derived position-velocity diagrams for the most prominent lines as well as for the stellar component. Only the molecular gas and the stellar component display a well-organized pattern consistent with disk rotation. Other emission lines are kinematically perturbed or show little evidence of rotation. Extended high-ionization emission of sulfur, silicon and calcium is observed to distances of at least 200 pc both NE and SW of the nucleus. We compared flux ratios between these lines with photoionization models and conclude that radiation from the central source alone cannot explain the observed high-ionization spectrum. Shocks between the radio-jet and the ambient gas are very likely an additional source of excitation. We conclude that NGC 4388 is a prime laboratory to study the interplay between all these mechanisms.
REINFORCEMENT LEARNING WITH FUNCTION APPROXIMATION: SURVEY AND PRACTICE EXPERIENCE

Classical Reinforcement Learning with tabular value function form is unable to cope successfully with real world tasks which suppose continuous or large space of states and actions. Value Function Approximation and Policy Gradient allow solving the mentioned problem. In most papers the methods are described theoretically, but suffer from the lack of details of practical part. The aim of this article is to make an overview of mentioned methods and meet a lack. For this purpose some aspects of the implementing a couple of algorithms related to Value Function Approximation are shown: Tile Coding and Gradient Descent with Back-propagation Artificial Neural Network. The Mountain Car task is used to demonstrate results of experiments of Tile Coding.
ENERGY EFFICIENT AND REDUCTION OF POWER COST IN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED DATA CARDS

Data centers is the most discussed topic in current technical world which considered the brain of a company that holds the responsibilities of storage, management and dissemination of data etc. In other words global technology cannot be feasible without a proper functioning of those data centers. We consider a stochastic optimized method for the process of job scheduling and server management in distributed data centers. In this process jobs are allocated according to the server choices. In this section server activation decides the active servers which are at slow time scale in the other section service rates of the section are controlled by the power scaling decisions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel approach based on decreasing time algorithm based on the priority values.
Hearing results according to ossiculoplasty techniques in chronic otitis media Kronik otitis mediada ossiküloplasti tekniklerine göre işitme sonuçlari

ossiculoplasty surgery due to chronic otitis media between January 2010 and July 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of the ossicular residue and selected ossiculoplasty techniques on hearing were compared. Air-bone-gap (ABG) levels were determined both preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative ABG levels ≥20 dB were considered successful. Bone cement technique was reviewed in terms of specific superiority from other techniques. Results: Ossiculoplasty was applied only 36% of patients operated due to chronic otitis media. Postoperative ABG levels were <20 dB in 26.9% (n=14) of patients. The mean postoperative ABG level was 23.5±9.9 in patients with an intact stapes suprastructure and 33.7±10.1 in those without an intact stapes suprastructure (p=0.001). The best surgical results were found to be 17.1±9.4 dB in patients with an intact malleus handle undergoing bone cement ossiculoplasty (p=0.048). Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that status of malleus handle is the most important factor which influence the success of ossiculoplasty. Hearing results were positive with bone cement technique at least conventional techniques. We consider that the usage of bone cement technique may rule out absorption and extraction of ossiculoplasty material-related problems in selected cases.
Multiscale modeling and simulation of fullerenes in liquids

Fullerenes are a family of carbon allotropes, molecules composed entirely of carbon, which form hollow spheres, ellipsoids, tubes, or planes. Their unique physical properties make them excellent candidates for applications ranging from their use as innovative materials to targeted drug design and delivery. Their use in these applications requires a rigorous understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms. Here we study the physics of interactions between fullerenes and (bio)molecular flows. We will particularly explore the property of their hydrophobicity and how it is affected from impurities on the surface depending on their manufacturing. We will additionally investigate the validity of the no-slip boundary condition, that is assumed in continuum fluid dynamics studies, at the nanoscale and determine the parameters that influence it. Nanoscale flows are often embedded in larger scale systems, when for example nanofluidic channels are interfacing microfluidic domains. In computer simulations we are then confronted with an inherently multiscale problem. Despite the success of atomistic simulation models (like Molecular Dynamics (MD)), their limitations in accessible length and time scales are stringent and allow only the analysis of elementary systems and for short times. As fully atomistic simulations are prohibitively expensive, hybrid atomistic-continuum simulations are necessary to study large systems for reasonable times. Here we develop novel computational concepts based on dynamic control theory for the exchange of information between atomistic and continuum descriptions. We will first consider flows of monoatomic liquids, such as argon, past fullerenes to obtain insight into the problem. Finally we will extend the developed method to a liquid of immense importance for every living organism, namely water.
Analysis of the standing age distribution and age-specific recruitment rate of the George River and Beverly barren-ground caribou populations

The primary advantage of the standing age distribution of a population is that it can be sampled. Analysis of the age frequencies for estimates of survival rates and determinations of population status by life table construction depend heavily on assumption that require additional data to evaluate. The analysis of age structures for the George River (Messier et al., 1988) and Beverly (Thomas and Barry, 1990a,b) caribou herd was reviewed. An alternativ method of estimating age specific survival rates was explored. The dependence of the life tables produced by the analysis of Messier et al. (1988) and Thomas and Barry (1990a,b) on tenuous and untestable assumptions regarding population growth rate over the life span of the oldest animals, stability of the standing age distribution, and constancy of life table parameters was emphasized. Although the life tables produced by Messier et al. (1988) for the George River herd and Thomas and Barry (1990a,b) for the Beverly herd are probably the best available for barren-ground caribou, they should be used with caution, particularly for management decisions.
Suppression of aeroelastic instability with a nonlinear energy sink: Experimental results

The presence of limit cycle oscillations within the flight envelopes of existing aircraft is well documented. Future air vehicle designs are als o likely to encounter limit cycle oscillations under certain loading conditions. Thes e steady-state constant amplitude oscillations are detrimental to mission effectivene ss and lead to increased fatigue of aircraft structures. Previous efforts to suppress limit cycl e oscillations have focused primarily on active control methods. These efforts have been eff ective but require significant measurement and control resources. In this study the investigators test a passive method for suppressing limit cycle behavior. A nonlinear energ y sink, based on the principle of nonlinear energy pumping, is shown to be effective for increasing the stability threshold of a nonlinear two degree of freedom aeroelastic system.
Characterization of a Clustering Gas Jet for High Energy Density Plasma Production

When expanding through a nozzle into a vacuum in a high-pressure-backed supersonic jet, certain gases can condense into van der Waals-bound atomic or molecular clusters. These clusters absorb intense, pulsed laser light more eﬃciently than uniform gas jets of the same average density, making them useful sources of high energy density plasmas. An argon gas jet designed to produce such clusters was studied using Rayleigh scattering and interferometry.
The Attitudes of Fifth and Sixth Graders in Kuwait Governmental Schools towards Recreational and Academic Reading in English

The current study is a quantitative research that examined the mean differences of the students’ attitude towards reading, based upon several demographic variables (such as gender, grade level and social media devices usage)The researchers used the Students’ Reading Attitude Survey (SRAS) as the dependent variable; the sample consisted of 812 young elementary students (from the 5th and 6th grade) randomly selected from public schools.The research findings revealed that Kuwaiti students possess favorable attitudes toward both leisure and academic reading. Girls showed more positive attitudes toward reading than boys did. Younger students from the 5th grade showed more positive attitude toward reading than those of the 6th grade. Nevertheless, the results indicated that having an account in Instagram, Snap chat, or YouTube, or possessing a smart device had a negative effect on attitudes towards reading.This study is expected to help curriculum designers, education policy makers, and English teachers to promote independent reading amongst school students and enable them to move beyond traditional books by encouraging them to form a community of life-long readers in the Arab world.
2D modeling of electromagnetic waves in cold plasmas

The consequences of sheath (rectified) electric fields, resulting from the different mobility of electrons and ions as a response to radio frequency (RF) fields, are a concern for RF antenna design as it can cause damage to antenna parts, limiters and other in-vessel components. As a first step to a more complete description, the usual cold plasma dielectric description has been adopted, and the density profile was assumed to be known as input. Ultimately, the relevant equations describing the wave-particle interaction both on the fast and slow timescale will need to be tackled but prior to doing so was felt as a necessity to get a feeling of the wave dynamics involved. Maxwell's equations are solved for a cold plasma in a 2D antenna box with strongly varying density profiles crossing also lower hybrid and ion-ion hybrid resonance layers. Numerical modelling quickly becomes demanding on computer power, since a fine grid spacing is required to capture the small wavelengths effects of strongly evanescent modes.
Galactic-scale Broad Absorption Line Outflow in the Quasar SDSS J144842.45+042403.1

We report a clear detection of He i*λλ2946, 3189, and 3889 broad absorption line (BAL) in the low-ionization BAL (LoBAL) quasar SDSS J144842.45+042403.1. We also detected new BALs, including Lyα, C ii, and Si iv, as well as optical emission lines, such as Hα, Hβ, and [O iii]. Using photoionization simulations, we constrained the physical conditions of the outflow to a hydrogen column density of NH ≈ 1021.3 cm−2, an ionization parameter of U ≈ 10−1.4, and a hydrogen number density of nH ≈ 103.6 cm−3, and located its radial distance at rabs ∼ 1.52 kpc from the central engine. The photoionization model predicts the presence of a Lyman limit system with H i column density of NH i ∼ 3.0 × 1017–1.2 × 1018 cm−2, which is confirmed by the GALEX photometry. Interestingly, we found that the [O iii] emission line doublet has an outflow component at a large blueshift of v ∼ 1700 km s−1 and a width of FWHM ∼ 5000 km s−1. Assuming that we are witnessing the same outflow in both emission and absorption lines, we estimate the global covering fraction of the emission line outflow to be ∼4%, its mass-loss rate to be ∼70 M⊙ yr−1 and its kinetic luminosity to be ∼3.2 × 1044 erg s−1. SDSS J1448+0424 is a representative example of a significant fraction of LoBAL quasars, which deserves further studies to understand the connection between the growth of supermassive black holes and the evolution of their host galaxies.
Unique dairy applications of eastern gamagrass forages in Central Wisconsin: II. Nutritive value and energy density.

Recently, perennial warm-season grasses have received considerable interest, largely through bioenergy initiatives, but their suitability for limiting caloric intake by fiber-demanding livestock classes, such as dairy replacement heifers (Bos taurus) and/or dry cows has not been explored. Our objectives were to evaluate eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. ] forages harvested from nine single- or double-harvest systems with four N fertilization regimes for macromineral, protein, and fiber composition, and then to estimate the energy densities for these forages by the summative approach. Across the 3-yr trial, concentrations of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) from single-harvest systems increased with mostly linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P = 0.010) effects of harvest date, reaching maximum concentrations ranging from 746 to 801 g kg -1 by early or mid-August. Similarly, concentrations of lignin increased with delayed harvest dates across single-harvest systems in predominantly linear (P < 0.001) patterns. Generally, concentrations of lignin were lower than reported for eastern gamagrass forages grown at more southerly latitudes, and ranged from 37.5 to 46.0 g kg -1 in mid-August. As a result, estimates of total digestible nutrients (TDN) determined by the acid-detergent lignin option for calculating truly digestible fiber remained relatively high through mid-August (582 g kg -1 ). Adjusting truly digestible fiber on the basis of the alternate in vitro 48-h neutral-detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) approach resulted in reduced TDN estimates for eastern gamagrass. In northern climates, eastern gamagrass forages have large concentrations of NDF, and could be used to dilute dietary energy for livestock species with low or moderate energy requirements.
Vegetation greenness response to water availability in northern China from 1982 to 2006

Abstract. Vegetation and moisture are two key factors of soil genesis and development. An evaluation of the relationship between satellite-observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data as a proxy for vegetation greenness and water availability (rainfall and soil moisture) can greatly improve our understanding of how vegetation greenness responds to water availability fluctuations. Using Sen and Pearson's correlation methods, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation greenness for both the entire year and the growing season (GS, 4–10) in northern China from 1982 to 2006. Although vegetation greenness and soil moisture during the study period changed significantly for the entire study area, there was no change in rainfall. Linear correlation analysis between NDVI and rainfall revealed higher correlations using data for all seasons. Higher correlations for NDVI and soil moisture were obtained using growing season data. This study highlights how strongly vegetation greenness responds to water availability dynamics, especially in the growing season period.
Design, Simulation, Validation and Comparison of New High Step-up Soft Switched Converter for Fuel Cell Energy System

Fuel cell energy systems can deliver green energy efficiently without CO2 emissions, which are nominated as a substitution choice for the conventional power sources. This paper proposes a new high stepup DC-DC converter which is applicable in distributed energy resources, especially for fuel cell power conditioning systems. The converter contains a bidirectional boost cell with a coupled inductor, two transformers whose secondary sides are connected in series to increase the voltage gain and also a voltage doubler. Leakage inductance of the coupled inductor limits the currents of output diodes and results in Zero Current Switching (ZCS) of the diodes. The converter schematic is presented at first and then its analysis results in different modes of operation are given. After that the theoretical formulation of voltage gain are achieved and proved. Finally, simulations results for a 400 W/ 380 V load are presented to validate the claimed characteristics of the proposed converter. © 2017 Journal of Energy Management and Technology
WAGE INEQUALITY AND OFFSHORING: ARE THEY RELATED?

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of offshoring on wage inequality and labor productivity in the U.S. Short-run and long-run data tests are undertaken to analyze the relationship among offshoring, wage inequality, and labor productivity in the U.S. Cointegration tests indicate that these three variables are related in the long-run. The main contribution of this paper lies in its focus on the short-run investigation of the relationship among these three variables. This investigation is conducted using the vector error correction (VEC) testing framework. VEC tests indicate that offshoring has had a statistically significant impact on both labor productivity and wage inequality in the U.S.
Semantic Web-driven Agent-based Ecosystem for Linked Data and Services

We are surrounded by data – data about events, our daily activities, a multitude of products and services from different vendors, etc. This data is playing a central role in our lives. It helps us make better decisions. Increasing numbers of individuals and organizations are contributing to this huge flow by sharing their data with others, including Web-native companies (such as Google, Amazon, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc.), newspapers, public governmental bodies, various research initiatives, etc. In turn, third parties are consuming this data to build new businesses, provide new services and accelerate scientific progress. However, very often new service creation has an obstacle – limited data availability. Becoming accessible later, data may cause reimplementation of the service that might cost too much and user will be left without improvement of the service. In this paper we combine the existing technologies, highlight the challenges and show the way that might help solve the problem. In order to elaborate Semantic Web-driven Agent-based Ecosystem for Linked Data and Services we utilize the so-called UBIWARE platform. UBIWARE is a semantic middleware platform for Ubiquitous
Investment, Human Capital and Institutions: A Multi-equational Approach for the Study of Economic Growth, 1985-2000

This paper looks at the growth of a varied sample of countries during the period 1985-2000, focusing on three key variables: investment in physical capital, human capital and institutions. The analysis pays special attention to the process of the accumulation of these variables and their interrelationships. The results show that empirical research on growth should highlight the aspects of the accumulation and interrelationships of factors through the use of systems of equations such as that proposed in this study.
New insights into Earth's history : An introduction to leg 162 postcruise research published in journals

In addition to the Leg 162 scientific results presented in this volume, a number of outstanding studies by shipboard scientists have been published in journals. These include five papers published in either Science or Nature, a measure of the impact that results from this leg and these investigators have had within the scientific community. Highlights from these publications are summarized below. In conjunction with this volume, these studies comprise the initial body of scientific results from Leg 162. The list of these studies was prepared in April 1999 and will be updated on the Ocean Drilling Program Web site (http:// www-odp.tamu.edu) as new papers are published.
Community structure and temperature dynamics within a mussel assemblage on the Southern East Pacific Rise

The composition, biomass and diversity of the fauna in a Bathymodiolus thermophilus mussel assemblage colonizing diffuse flow areas on the SEPR is described and compared with biological characteristics of other hydrothermal assemblages. The spatio-temporal dynamics of temperatures over fine scales within the mussel habitat are characterized using newly-developed statistical approaches. Temperature data obtained from two adjacent habitats (a cirriped assemblage and a bare substratum) are compared. The results of the temperature data show that the mean temperature and the temperature variations were significantly higher in the mussel assemblage (mean temperature: 4.12 ± 1.85°C) in comparison with 2.40 ± 0.14°C in the cirriped assemblage and 2.20 ± 0.23°C on the bare substratum. Discrete temperature measurements showed that temperature data varied both at a broad and fine scales in the mussel assemblage. Finally, analysis of the temperature periodic variability in the mussel assemblage during a 4-day period showed significant periodic modulations near T = 24h. Although not significant, a second trend is also observed around T = 12h. This work represents a step forward to the understanding of species distribution patterns at vents.