Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aetiomorphological and Demographic Variations of Post Fever Retinal ComplicationsFollowing Pathogenic

There are several factors that contribute to the development of retinal complications following feverish sickness due to pathogenic infections. However, information on pathogenic-induced feverish sickness trigger retinal complications is fragmentary. Here we undertook this study to analyze the clinical manifestation of febrile syndrome retinal complications following with/without pathogenic infections. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed in 39 patients soon after they diagnosed with acute neuroretinitis, vasculitis, and neurosensory detachment in one or both eyes. Retinal complications were diagnosed based on clinical history. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed a solitary or multiple patches of retinitis at the posterior pole and exudation at the macula with serous macular detachment. Early FFA showed hypofluorescence of the lesion, which leads to the hyperfluorescence in the late phase. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed inner retinal hyperreﬂectivity and central macular thickness with foveal detachment and shadowing. Initially, patients were treated with methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisolone. All patients showed improvement in vision with unilateral cases to an average of 6/12 and bilateral cases to an average of 6/24. Patients also showed resolution of neuroretinitis, macular edema and serous detachment in subsequent follow-up. In summary, post fever retinitis and its related complications with/without pathogenic infections as a condition manifested after onset of fever. Irrespective of the cause of the fever, clinical presentation of patients was similar with inner and outer retinitis at the posterior pole and a favourable response to steroids, suggesting possible remedies against these retinal complications.
A study to assess the therapeutic role of GM-CSF (EMGRAST -M) on augmentation of total leucocyte count and total platelet count in cancer patients after chemotherapy

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic role of GM-CSF (EMGRAST -M) on augmentation of total leucocyte count and total platelet count in cancer patients after chemotherapy.Methods: The total leucocyte count (TLC) and total platelet count (TPC) of thirty patients on chemotherapy were obtained before and after the administration of GM-CSF. The results were analysed retrospectively for the effect of GM-CSF on these parameters. Statistical analysis was done, and graphs were made by Libre office calc and Student’s T Test was used for comparison of data.Results: The study showed that EMGRAST-M had an impressive effect on both the platelet count and the leucocyte count.Conclusions: GM-CSF has a great therapeutic role in the enhancement of platelet count and leucocyte count in patients of cancer chemotherapy.
Anti ganglioside Antibody profile in GBS - Clinical, Immunological and Neurophysiological significance.

Guillain-Barre´ syndrome (GBS) is an acute onset, monophasic, paralytic disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The patho physiology of GBS involves an auto immune mediated attack on glycolipid components of nerves which has been supported by the frequent rise of anti ganglioside antibodies in acute sera of GBS patients. Anti ganglioside antibodies of IgG type, are found to be elevated in the sera from almost 60% of GBS patients. These anti ganglioside antibodies can be used for early detection of GBS because of their presence in the acute phase sera. Thereby they can be used as diagnostic markers of various GBS subtypes.It has been demonstrated that these antiganglioside antibodies are associated with poor prognosis in some studies. By conducting this study,we aimed to investigate the value of anti ganglioside antibody detection as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of GBS in acute phase. This study extends the previous findings on the relationship between antiganglioside antibodies and GBS. Though many studies on this topic are available from western countries, very few have been done in our country. Among the available studies , number of patients included in the study was low with occasional case reports of sero positivity. To overcome these limitations, this study was done to assess the anti ganglioside antibody positivity in GBS patients and its correlation with disease severity.From our study, we found out the following conclusions, 1. Assessment of antiganglioside antibody profile in GBS helps in the detection of disease in the early phase of illness. 2. Antiganglioside antibodies are useful in prognostication of GBS. 3. Antiganglioside antibodies are invariably present in severe GBS. 4. Larger sample size is required to make any definite meaningful correlation and utility of these antiganglioside antibodies in GBS.
The impact of a primary care stress management and wellbeing programme (RENEW) on occupational participation: A pilot study

Introduction Stress has been identified as a risk factor in both physical and mental illness and can negatively impact on an individual’s ability to participate in daily occupations. There has been an increased emphasis on addressing mental health in a primary care context using a health promotion approach. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the acceptability of a primary care 6-week stREss maNagemEnt and Well-being (RENEW) programme. Method This pilot study used a mixed methods convergent parallel design. Twelve individuals with self-reported experiences of stress participated in the programme. The Canadian Measure of Occupational Performance, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and visual analogue scales for stress, concentration, sleep and appetite were administered at three time points. A focus group and individual interviews explored participants’ experiences of the programme and impact on occupational participation. Results There were statistically significant improvements in occupational performance and satisfaction, anxiety and self-reported stress. Study participants reported that attendance at the programme increased their awareness of stress and gave them strategies to manage their stress. Conclusion The positive findings from this pilot study suggest that the RENEW programme has potential as a health promotion intervention in primary care that warrants further investigation.
Meta-analysis of liver injury in patients with COVID-19

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health problem threatening human health. It can lead to multiple system complications, among which liver damage is also a common complication of COVID-19. The pathogenesis of liver injury is complex and involves the interaction of multiple factors. This study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19 patients and analyze the impact of liver injury on clinical prognosis of patients, so as to provide corresponding basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched in computer to collect original studies on liver injury cases, laboratory indicators and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were meta-analyzed using Stata12.0 software. Results: A total of 49 studies, including 23,611 patients with COVID-19, had a prevalence of liver injury of 39.63%. Subgroup analysis found that patients in the Americas had the highest incidence of liver injury at 43.7% and lowest in Africa (25.99%). The vast majority of liver injury is manifested by aminotransferase or bilirubin levels greater than 1 times the upper limit of normal (49.16%). The older the age, the male, the associated chronic liver disease, and the higher the levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, and C-reactive protein, the higher the risk of liver injury. The use of hormones, hydroxychloroquine, and tocilizumab increases the risk of liver injury. Patients with concurrent liver injury have longer hospital stays, are more likely to progress to severe cases, and have a higher risk of death than patients without liver injury. Conclusion: The incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients was high, affected by age, gender, chronic liver disease, inflammatory state and medication, and patients with liver injury were hospitalized longer and were more likely to have a poor prognosis. Therefore, clinical attention should be paid to early intervention.
Agreement of Ultrasound Measures with POP-Q in Patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Background: Ultrasound has emerged as a valuable complimentary tool for assessment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between ultrasound measures and clinical staging in patients with suspected POP. Patients and Methods: Forty women with clinical suspicion of POP were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between November 2011 and April 2012. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system was used for clinical staging. Perineal ultrasound was performed both at rest and during Valsalva maneuver after proper preparation. On mid sagittal view, two reference lines were drawn; midpelvic line (MPL) was defined as the inferior horizontal tangent of symphysis pubis and H line was drawn from the most inferior part of symphysis pubis to the anorectal junction. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Kappa coefficient of agreements were used for statistical analysis. Results: Forty women with the mean age of 49.9 ± 10.07 years were enrolled. Excellent correlation was seen between MPL and H line (rho = 0.91, 0.93 and 0.88 in anterior, apical and posterior compartments, respectively). POP-Q had good-to-excellent correlation with ultrasound (rho = 0.84, 0.78 and 0.63 for H line and rho = 0.89, 0.82, 0.71 for MPL in anterior, apical and posterior compartments respectively). In anterior and apical compartments, high agreement was seen between clinical and ultrasound staging methods when grouping patients to no prolapse/mild vs. moderate/severe. In the posterior compartment, this agreement was significant when grouping was done based on the presence or absence of POP. Conclusion: Ultrasound has high correlation with POP-Q staging in all compartments for staging of pelvic organ prolapse. Ultrasound might be useful in the diagnosis of pop in those with negative clinical examination.
Impact of availability of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C on Canadian hospitalization rates, 2012-2016.

Backgrounds Hospitalizations associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and liver disease increased on average by 6.0% per year from 2004 to 2010 in Canada and were projected (in 2010) to increase by another 4% by 2016. The first generation of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) became available in 2012. In 2014, a second generation of effective and well-tolerated DAA therapy was authorized in Canada. The impact of DAA therapy on the HCV-associated disease burden in Canada has not been documented. Objectives To assess the potential impact of DAA therapy on the disease burden by a) comparing the actual hospitalization rates associated with HCV infection and liver disease following the introduction of DAAs in Canada with the 2010 baseline projection and b) documenting the associated uptake of anti-HCV therapy. Methods The hospital records of inpatients diagnosed with chronic HCV and chronic liver disease were extracted from the Canadian Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) by fiscal year for 2004-2016. We compared the actual number of hospitalizations to the baseline projection by year and for selected 5-year birth cohorts (1925-1989). The monthly number of new prescriptions for anti-HCV regimens was extracted from the IQVIA CDH CompuScript database (formerly IMS Health), aggregated to annual levels by age group and compared with hospitalization trends. Results Compared to the baseline projection, there was a slight reduction in hospitalizations in 2014/15 and 2015/16. This slight reduction was followed by a more significant decline in 2016/17 (32% below expected; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%-37%). The largest declines were observed for patients born before 1960 (age 55 or older) at 40% below expected in 2016/17. The number of new anti-HCV prescriptions increased from 5,484 in fiscal year 2012/13 to a peak of 17,775 in 2015/2016. The number of new prescriptions corresponds to approximately 1.3 and five times the number of hospitalizations in 2012/13 and 2015/16, respectively. Conclusions In Canada there has been a modest decrease in HCV and liver-related hospitalizations following a significant increase in uptake of second-generation DAAs in 2015. However, the burden is still high. Linked health administrative databases created to monitor the disease burden in the new treatment era should provide additional insight with the linkage of treatment history and disease stage to individual outcomes.
Effects of switching carbamazepine to lacosamide in epilepsy patients with epileptic psychosis

We examined the effects of switching from carbamazepine to lacosamide on plasma concentrations of risperidone and its active metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone in two patients with partial epilepsy manifesting epileptic psychosis. Within 1 week of switch, increases of 52.5-347% in plasma levels of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were observed, along with improve-ments in psychiatric symptoms as shown by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores (PANSS). Neither of the patients showed extrapyramidal symptoms or seizures during 3 months after switching. The present results support the notion that carbamazepine (CBZ) administration induces hepatic microsomal enzyme systems that regulate inactivation of antipsychotic drugs. When CBZ and psychotropic agents are used in combination, a switch from CBZ to lacosamide may be effective in patients with treatment-resistance epileptic psychosis. Abstract
Modulating BET Bromodomain Inhibitor ZEN‐3694 and Enzalutamide Combination Dosing in a Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patient Using CURATE.AI, an Artificial Intelligence Platform

Combination chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. Optimizing its effectiveness requires dose‐ and time‐dependent regulation of drug synergy. In this report, CURATE.AI, an artificial intelligence platform, is used to prospectively guide the dosing of a bromodomain inhibitor (ZEN‐3694) and enzalutamide administered in combination to a patient with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer to reduce serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels. CURATE.AI successfully identifies substantial ZEN‐3694 and enzalutamide dose adjustments, increasing both treatment efficacy and tolerance. CURATE.AI analysis also confirms that the patient's durable response is mediated by ZEN‐3694 inclusion in the regimen. Due to CURATE.AI‐enhanced efficacy and safety, the patient was able to continue with the combination regimen, resulting in a durable response and no disease progression based on CURATE.AI‐sustained control over PSA levels and reduced lesion size.
Brain imaging: a promising biomarker for pain

Clinicians and researchers have the problem of objectively assessing the intensity and characteristics of pain. Furthermore, the widespread use of Visual-Analogue scales during the past decade highlights the need for a reliable and quantitative biological marker of pain. Monoand multidimensional measures of pain, based on the activity of one or more brain regions involved in the quantification of painful inputs, have become the focus of extensive research. The growing availability of non-invasive functional imaging has in fact fueled a revolution in the field: a novel multiparametric pain signature was recently introduced and tested in patients, and proven effective in evaluating the intensity of painful inputs, and the effects of analgesics on those stimuli. Abbrevations: VAS: Visual-Analogue Scales; CBF: Cerebral Blood Flow; ACC: Anterior Cingulate Cortex; IC: Insular Cortex; PFC: Prefrontal Cortex; BOLD: Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent; ASL: Arterial Spin Labeling; PET: Positron-Emission Tomography; EEG: electroencephalogram; DOT: Diffuse Optical Tomography; MEG: Magnetic Encephalography; CB: Cerebellum; FUS: Fusiform; HY: Hypothalamus; IFJ: Inferior Frontal Junction; MTG: Middle Temporal Gyrus; OG: Occipital Gyrus; PAG: Periaqueductal Gray Matter, PCC: Posterior Cingulate Cortex; SMA: Supplementary Motor Area; SMG: Supramarginal Gyrus; SPL: Superior Parietal Lobule; TG: Temporal Gyrus
Socio-demographic factors facilitating intestinal helminth infestation and impact of single dose of mebendazole administration among the street children of Karwan Bazar, Tejgaon, Dhaka

A total of eighty stool samples from forty street children living in Karwan Bazar, Tejgaon area were collected to study the prevalence of intestinal helminths during February 2017 to May 2017. The highest prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuiris trichiura was observed among the children aged 13-15 (70%) years old followed by the age group 7-9. Male children were more A. lumbricoides prevalent (53.57%) followed by T. trichiura (46.43%) than the female children (41.67%; for both the A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura). Except Enterobius vermicularis and hookworm, heavy infestation with other worms was reduced; esspecially A. lumbricoides (50% to 12.5%) and T. trichiura (45% to 15%), after administering Mebendazole (Vermox 500mg, single dose). Children who collected waste material from dustbin were highly helminth prevalent group (91.67%) followed by vegetable shop worker (66.67%). In February 2017, double infection showed the highest occurrence (32.5%). After administering single dose of mebendazole, in May 2017, single infection was at the peak (55%). With the initiation of broad-spectrum anthelminthic drugs that are low-priced, non-hazardous and simple to deliver, further control programs should include health education, public and good personal hygiene practices among the street children.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2018, 4(2): 172-177
Occupational Performance of Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain and the Potential of Coping as an Unassisted Intervention

Objective: To assess the satisfaction and occupational performance of women with chronic pelvic pain and to discuss unassisted intervention strategies by the occupational therapist for the care of these patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 75 women with chronic pelvic pain and 75 apparently healthy women. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution and all subjects gave written informed consent to participate. Pain intensity was determined using a visual analogue scale and each patient was submitted to psycho-metric assessment using the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire of Psychiatric Screening and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophofobia in their Brazilian version. The main outcomes regarding occupational performance and satisfaction were evaluated using the Canadian Measure of Occupational Performance. Results: The performance and satisfaction scores of women with chronic pelvic pain were significantly lower than those of healthy women. The presence of pain and kinesophobia was directly and independently correlated with low performance and satisfaction scores regardless of ethnicity, marital status, schooling, or psychometric scores. Conclusion: women with chronic pelvic pain present significant impairment of satisfaction and occupational performance. Coping is a potential unassisted intervention strategy to be applied to this population by occupational therapists.
Effects of Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) Shoot Tips Plus Young Leaf Extract Containing Mimosine on Reproductive System of Male Rats

This study aimed to determine the mimosine level and examine the male reproductive toxicity effects of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) shoot tips plus young leaf extract. Mimosine level in LL extract was determined by thin layer chromatography before administration in animals. Male rats were divided into control and LL (1,500 mg/KgBW) groups (n = 6). After 60 days of experime nt, serum sex hormones, sperm quality, and testicular histopathology were assayed and observed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and phosphorylated proteins in testicular lysate were examined by western blotting. Results showed that mimosine levels in LL extract was 17.35 ± 1.12 % of dry weight. LL significantly decreased FSH & LH levels, sperm qualities, and seminiferous tubule diameter compared to the control (p<0.05). Seminiferous tubular atrophies, germ cell s loughing, and degenerations were observed in LL group. In addition, testicular MDA level and StAR protein expression were significantly d ecreased in LL group. LL extract could increase the expression of a 50 kDa phohorylated protein in testicular lysate. In conclusion, LL extract has mimosine and reproductive toxicity effects on males.
Short-Term Outcome of Shelf-Autograft in Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background: Management of acetabular bone defects, especially massive ones, is a challenging issue for surgeons during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Inadequate bone coverage can lead to weakness of acetabular component fixation and instability, and finally, failure of surgery. In recent decades, different techniques and methods have been reported in literature to manage these defects according to their size and location. However, the routine use of many of these new methods is impossible in the majority of patients because of existing financial limitations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of THA with acetabular defect reconstruction using shelf-autograft. Methods: This study was designed and conducted in two phases of retrospective and prospective. Between 2012 and 2017, 423 THA surgeries were performed in two hospitals by senior surgeon. A total of 38 THA procedures using shelf autograft were performed. The short-term clinical and radiological results were evaluated in the present study. Results: The mean coverage angle by graft was 45.5 ± 7.3% (range: 33 72%) and horizontal coverage percentage by graft was 79.3 ± 12.8% (range: 54 100%). After a mean follow-up of 26 months (range: 12 56 months), no evidence of instability was found in any of these hips. Considering loosening and revision as an end-point, the survival rate was 100%. The patients’ mean Harris hip score (HHS) improved from a mean of 35.50 ± 9.11 preoperatively to 95.10 ± 4.71 at the last follow-up. Rigid fixation of graft to host bone, medial insertion of acetabular cementless cup, and avoidance of lateral or high hip center were found to result in excellent THA with shelf graft outcomes. Conclusions: Despite the development of more advanced methods to manage acetabular defects during total hip replacement, using shelf-graft is a valuable and accessible strategy for hip surgeons, and by the use of suitable techniques, we can expect excellent outcomes even in massive defects.