Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A risk-aware maintenance model based on a constrained Markov decision process

Abstract The Markov Decision Process (MDP) model has been widely studied and used in sequential decision-making problems. In particular, it has been proved to be effective in maintenance policy optimization problems where the system state is assumed to continuously evolve under sequential maintenance policies. In traditional MDP models for maintenance, the long-run expected total discounted cost is taken as the objective function. The maintenance manager’s target is to evaluate an optimal policy that incurs the minimum expected total discounted cost through the corresponding MDP model. However, a significant drawback of these existing MDP-based maintenance strategies is that they fail to incorporate and characterize the safety issues of the system during the maintenance process. Therefore, in some applications that are sensitive to functional risks, such strategies fail to accommodate the requirement of risk awareness. In this study, we apply the concept of risk-aversion in the MDP maintenance model to develop risk-aware maintenance policies. Specifically, we use risk functions to measure some indexes of the system that reflect the safety level and formulate a safety constraint. Then, we summarize the problem as a constrained MDP model and use the linear programming approach to evaluate the proposed risk-aware optimal maintenance policy under concern.
3D modeling of sliding electrical contact

The condition of the armature-rail interface is critical to the performance of a railgun system. A full understanding of sliding electrical contact (SEC) and an ability to model the phenomenon are needed to advance railgun technology. An SEC model which includes the friction and contact resistance is presented in this paper. The heat generated due to the friction and contact resistance are modeled as surface heat flux sources. The contact resistance is dependent on the electrical resistivity of contact components, the hardness of the softer contact component, and the contact force. The developed model is implemented with the computer code EMAP3D, which is a 3D Lagrangian finite element program for coupled mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic diffusive processes with moving conductors. The effect of the SEC model is studied through numerical simulation of the sample problem.
FLAMBAGE D'UN CYLINDRE À PAROI MINCE, PLACÉ DANS UNE ENVELOPPE RIGIDE ET SOUMIS À UNE PRESSION EXTÉRIEURE

De nombreux accidents survenus à des blinda­ ges métalliques de puits ou galeries, générale­ ment pendant une vidange, ont démontré que toute conduite souterraine bétonnée devait obli­ gatoirement être calculée pour résister au flam­ bage sous l'effet de pressions extérieures. Ces sous-pressions sont provoquées en grande partie par des infiltrations d'eau dans le sol, provenant de sources naturelles ou d'ouvrages hydrauli­ ques. Actuellement, tout nouveau blindage est sou­ mis, après son bétonnage, à des injections qui sont destinées, d'une par t à combler les vides qui se produisent pendant la mise en place du béton de garnissage, et d'autre part, à restituer au rocher sa compression initiale nécessaire à la bonne tenue du blindage sous la pression inté­ rieure. Ces injections se font à des pressions assez élevées et on connaît quelques cas où le blindage a subi une déformation importante, con­ sécutive à une absence de contrôle sérieux de la pression d'injection.
Gender Differences in Simulator Sickness in Fixed- versus Rotating-Base Driving Simulator

This experiment compared simulator sickness between males and females as a function of fixed-base versus rotating base platforms. Eight males and eight females drove through two routes in a driving simulator. One route was presented in fixed-base mode and another was presented in motion-base with a . 5 to 1 ratio of motion (physical world to virtual world). Routes and fixed versus motion mode were presented in counter- balanced order. Measures of simulator sickness on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (Kennedy et al., 1993) were obtained after each route. As predicted, males reported lower levels of simulator sickness than females. A nonsignificant trend for this gender effect to be diminished in the rotating versus stationary condition was observed. Results warrant additional investigation into the potential for motion-based platforms to reduce the incidence and severity of simulator sickness in populations at greater risk of experiencing these negative consequences (i.e., females and older adults).
A Finnish District Heating Reactor: Neutronics Design and Fuel Cycle Simulations

The development of a small PWR for district heating applications has been started at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and the pre-conceptual design phase was completed by the end of year 2020. The heating plant consists of one or multiple 50 MW reactor modules, operating on natural circulation at around 120°C temperature. This paper presents the neutronics design and fuel cycle simulations carried out using VTT’s Kraken computational framework. The reactor is operated without soluble boron, which together with low operating temperature and pressure brings certain challenges to the use of control rods and burnable absorber. The reactor core is loaded with 37 truncated AP1000-type fuel assemblies with 2.0–3.0% fuel enrichment and erbium burnable absorber. The resulting cycle length is around 900 days. The results show that the criteria set for stability, reactivity control and thermal margins are fulfilled. More importantly, it is concluded that the new Kraken framework is a viable tool for the core design task.
Adenine sulfate and glutamine enhanced shoots multiplication in Jatropha curcas L. a potent biofuel plant

Jatropha is a drought-tolerant plant producing seed oil for the biodiesel. Limitation to the development of jatropha is unavailability of high-yielding varieties and efficient in vitro regeneration system which is required for micropropagation. In this study, in vitro regeneration system from jatropha juvenile cotyledon was established. Firstly, concentrations of hormones in the MS medium were optimized and it was found that 1.5 mgL-1 benzyl adenine (BA) + 0.05 mgL-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 0.5 mgL-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) turned out to be the best for shoot induction (3.82 ± 0.18 shoots/explant). Secondly, shoot induction medium was fortified with different concentrations of glutamine and adenine sulfate. It was found that 25 mgL-1 each of glutamine and adenine sulfate was the most effective, resulting to 9.09 ± 0.37 shoots/explant and 93.0% regeneration frequency. Regenerated shoots were cultured on medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BA and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.5 mgL-1 GA3 with 0.5 mgL-1 BA were found to be the best for shoot elongation (2.13 ± 0.18 cm). The highest frequency of root (40%) was observed on the medium with 0.5 mgL-1 IBA. The established procedures will be useful for the mass propagation and genetic transformation of elite jatropha genotypes. Key words: Adenine sulfate (Ads), benzyl adenine (BA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in vitro regeneration, glutamine (Gln).
Two novel species of subgenus Russula crown clade (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from China

Two novel species of Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales), R. coronaspora Y.Song sp. nov.and R. minor Y.Song sp. nov. belonging to subgenus Russula crown clade, are described based onboth morphological and phylogenetic evidence. In morphology, R. coronaspora sp. nov. is mainlycharacterized by its distinct spores ornamented with sparse, cylindrical and isolated spines, whichresemble coronavirus, and gelatinized pileipellis with pileocystidia mostly septate and sometimesbranched; R. minor sp. nov. possesses a very small basidiocarp with pileus less than 2.5 cm in diameter. ,small basidia, easily peeling and gelatinized pileipellis with slender terminal cells and abundant SV+pileocystidia. Positions of the two new species in both phylogenetic trees based on ITS and 5-locussequences (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1) confirm their distinct taxonomic status.
The genome sequence of the green-underside blue, Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761)

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Glaucopsyche alexis (the green-underside blue; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). The genome sequence is 620 megabases in span. The majority (99.87%) of the assembly is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled.
A Scoping Review of Occupational Therapy Approaches to Enable Occupations for People Living with Behavioral Disturbance as a Result of Acquired Brain Injury

Background: Behavioral disturbance impacts almost 50% of people living with acquired brain injury (ABI) and severely impedes occupational participation. Occupational therapists are appropriately qualified and well placed to address behavioral disturbance. This scoping review analyzes the literature to ascertain approaches used by occupational therapists to treat behavioral disturbance. Method: A literature search of three databases revealed 379 papers for consideration, five of which met inclusion criteria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists were used for the analysis. This paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework. Results: Sensory modulation interventions, community-based interventions, behavior therapy, and neurofunctional activity of daily living (ADL) retraining were identified as approaches that could be used by occupational therapists to promote participation for people living with behavioral disturbance after an ABI. Conclusion: According to current occupational therapy literature, evidenced-based behavioral interventions to enable participation for almost half of people living with an ABI are lacking. To promote the occupational therapy role in this area of rehabilitation, further empirical research is needed. Comments The authors declare that they have no competing financial, professional, or personal interest that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript.
SIGNAL GENERATION AND PROCESSING IN HIGH-FREQUENCY / HIGH-SPEED SILICON-BASED INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

High-frequency/high-speed integrated circuits become increasingly important because of the strong demand for higher data rate and lower power consumption, and they rely more on silicon-based technologies, which has the advantages of low cost, fast technological development and system-on-a-chip (SoC) capabilities. However, silicon technologies also present great challenges in high-frequency/high-speed integrated circuits. This work demonstrated that distributed circuit and injection locking are two enabling circuit techniques that can help overcome silicon limitations. Distributed voltage-controlled oscillators (DVCO's) demonstrated the high-frequency capabilities of distributed circuits. The operation of distributed oscillators is analyzed and the general oscillation condition is derived, resulting in analytical expressions for the oscillation frequency and amplitude. Two tuning techniques are developed, namely, the inherent-varactor tuning and delay-balanced current-steering tuning. A complete analysis of the tuning techniques is also presented. CMOS and bipolar DVCO prototypes have been designed and fabricated in a commercial $0.35{mu}m$ {BiCMOS} process. A 10-GHz CMOS DVCO achieves a tuning range of 12\% and a phase noise of -103~dBc/Hz at 600~kHz frequency offset. A 12-GHz bipolar DVCO achieves a tuning range of 26\% and a phase noise of -99~dBc/Hz at 600~kHz frequency offset. New DVCO architectures are also proposed to improve the performance. The distributed circuit technique is also used for equalization in high-speed fiber-optic systems, in which inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by fibre dispersion imposes a major limitation. Compared to optical-domain methods and other electrical-domain methods, equalization with distributed transversal filters (DTF's) presents the most cost-effective and SoC-compatible solution. Prototype DTF's have been implemented in a commercial $0.18{mu}m$ {SiGe BiCMOS} process for 10~Gpbs fiber-optic systems. A 7-tap DTF reduces the ISI of a 10~Gbps signal after 800m $50{mu}m$ multi-mode fiber from 5~dB to 1.38~dB, and improves the BER from $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-12}$. The injection locking technique is applied in high-speed, low-power frequency dividers, namely, injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFD's). Based on the detailed analysis, shunt-peaking and oscillation-suppression techniques are developed to enhance the locking range. Prototypes are implemented in a commercial $0.35{mu}m$ {BiCMOS} process using only CMOS transistors. A 19~GHz ILFD achieves a locking range of 1350~MHz with the power consumption of 1~mW. A 9~GHz ILFD achieves a locking range of 1490~MHz with the power consumption of 1.3~mW. Self-dividing oscillators are proposed to generate accurate low-phase-noise quadrature signals.
Effectiveness of signs of activity as relative abundance indices for wild boar

Population growth in wild boars and feral pigs Sus scrofa has negative environmental and economic implications worldwide. Accordingly, it is necessary to monitor population trends for appropriate management. Despite the potential for bias, relative abundance indices based on signs of activity have the potential to be practical, low-cost monitoring tools for data collection at a local scale and over large areas. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of specific signs as measures of relative wild boar abundance in comparison with reliable density estimates. In this study, we examined whether three activity signs (digging marks, rubbing marks and fecal pellet groups) could be used as relative abundance indices for wild boar. In particular, we conducted transect surveys for signs of activity as well as camera trap surveys from September 2017 to January 2018 at six sites in Hyogo Prefecture and eight sites in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. We modeled the relations between the number of activity signs and wild boar densities or abundances estimated from camera trap data in a hierarchical framework. Fecal pellet counts is a well-established method for estimating the abundance of herbivores, including wild boar; however, we found few fecal pellet groups in our study area, and the counts were not related to wild boar densities. Instead, we found that digging marks were strongly associated with estimates of wild boar density. Although fluctuations in the number of digging marks may be affected by factors other than boar density, including environmental conditions and seasonality, our results suggest that digging marks are an effective relative abundance index for evaluations of the spatial patterns of wild boar in Japan.
ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN IN WHEAT GRAIN

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops grown with highest demand. Nitrogen content that enables the protein in the grain is necessary for baking and processing quality. The importance of wheat protein and its functionality in bakery products are well discussed in the given topic. This Study was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer supply and its implications on bread wheat variety in the baking process. Dumas method is used for estimating the protein content in the bread variety that is grown in two different nitrogen fertilizers supply with 100kg/ha and 350kg/ha respectively. The results clearly depict the highest growth of bread wheat variety which was grown in 350kg/ha of nitrogen supply has high amount of protein content. Wheat is the best source of carbohydrates and the proteins present in are gliadin and glutenin which are responsible to provide viscoelastic properties in the bakery products. Functionality of the bakery products are well discussed in the introduction part. The result includes test values and graphs have been plotted based on the comparison of protein present in bread. In the discussion section the differences and effects of protein in processing of foods are analysed against similar other research works.
Comparison of Near-Fault Effect Considered in Seismic Design Codes for Building

This paper compares the provisions of near-fault effect factors considered in the representative design codes in the world. It is found that the different codes carry out different near-fault effect values. Chinese, American, and New Zealand seismic design codes clearly present the near-fault effect factors, and Chinese seismic design code relatively presents the smallest near-fault effect values among the three codes. While Japanese code accounts for near-fault effect using empirical method and strong motion evaluation employing earthquake source model. The consideration of the near-fault effects in European Standard is the simplest among the five codes.
City Intelligence Quotient Evaluation System Using Crowdsourced Social Media Data: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Despite the trending studies on smart city development, how to evaluate the smartness of a city remains unclear. This research aimed to design a smart city evaluation system, named the City Intelligence Quotient (CityIQ) evaluation system, which considers both the hard (e.g., physical infrastructure) and soft sides (e.g., citizens’ perspectives) of smart city development. Based on the two-level structure of the CityIQ evaluation system (i.e., five dimensions and twenty indicators), a list of keywords was defined for automated information scraping in leading social media platforms to obtain volunteered geographic information. Semantic analysis was then used to update the CityIQ evaluations in a timely manner. Fifteen major cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, were selected for the empirical study, in which their smartness indices were calculated, traced and compared. Finally, suggestions for collaborative smart agglomerations were put forward. With the CityIQ evaluation system, policy makers can be informed of up-to-date changes in urban smartness levels and, thus, design context-specific collaborative policies to promote smart agglomerations.
Expertise, Spatial Ability and Intuition in the Use of Complex Visual Displays

In a naturalistic setting, a large group of U.S. Navy forecasters (N=21) performed a weather forecasting task and saved copies of the visual displays that they consulted to complete the task. On the basis of structured interviews with the forecasters, quantitative analysis of the information content of the displays they used, and psychometric measures of their spatial ability, we found two key results. First, forecasters of lower spatial ability populated their forecasting displays with more extraneous meteorological variables than did forecasters of higher spatial ability. Second, we found quantitative support for the previously qualitatively observed trend for more experienced forecasters to exhibit a different temporal pattern of display use. Experienced forecasters tend to consult observations before models, and less experienced forecasters show the reverse trend. This work implies that forecasters of lower spatial ability may benefit from training that teaches them to display only the variables they need to complete a task, and that it may be beneficial to customize forecasting displays to the spatial ability of their users.
Determinants of Domestic Value Added in Exports: Empirical Evidence from India’s Manufacturing Sectors

Over the last decade, trade policy reforms have significantly influenced the internationalization of Indian manufacturing firms, leading to deeper participation of the country in global value chains (GVCs) and international production networks (IPNs). With the growing participation of foreign firms in the value chain, the domestic value-added (DVA) content embodied in Indian exports have displayed a declining trend. Recently, in 2020, India has decided to launch the ‘Atmanirbhar (self-reliant) Bharat Abhiyan’, which, in principle, aims to consolidate the manufacturing sector, leading to increasing DVA embodied in exports (DVA-content), apart from employment generation. The current article attempts to analyse the drivers of India’s DVA in exports for select manufacturing industries over 2000–15 by using the OECD trade in value added (TiVA) database. The empirical results reveal that sectoral DVA content is positively influenced by both domestic capital and foreign direct investment (FDI), and labour skill intensity, but negatively influenced by the presence of unskilled workers. Moreover, FDI inflows in sectors characterized by high skill-intensity and high-relative growth rate play a crucial role in influencing DVA content. Finally, the presence of larger and more capital-intensive firms is found to be a major driver of DVA. On the policy front, therefore, the empirical results underline that export promotion policies alone will not be able to resolve employment worries, a major concern in India, as vast numbers of unskilled and low-skilled workers trapped in the agricultural sector or working in unorganized and micro-industries fail to figure in the country’s export value addition. A concerted effort towards labour skill enhancement as well as technology transfer is necessary for exports to play a more positive role.
Optimal network configuration of FRIENDS taking power supply reliability into account

FRIENDS (Flexible, Reliable and Intelligent ENergy Delivery System) is a new concept for a future power delivery system in which so‐called QCC (Quality Control Center) plays an important role to realize the customized power quality services and to connect a large number of distributed generators to distribution systems. In FRIENDS, QCCs are connected as a network through distribution cables to realize a reliable power supply. In this paper, a method to find the optimal network configuration of FRIENDS is proposed. The method can minimize the sum of facility installation cost and operational cost (distribution loss) under the constraint that the expected power interruption cost is less than a predetermined endurable value. The solution algorithm is based on tabu search, and employs a sensitivity analysis to select efficient facilities to be installed or to eliminate constraint violations. In the algorithm, single and double faults of power distribution system are taken into account to calculate the power supply reliability or expected power interruption cost. Several numerical real‐world examples are shown to demonstrate the validity of the algorithm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(3): 32–40, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20264
Value co-creation in the B2B context: a conceptual framework and its implications

ABSTRACT This study aims to bring a renewed focus on Value Co-Creation (VCC) between an organisation (service provider) and its customers in the business-to-business (B2B) context. From the literature review, a conceptual framework of factors affecting VCC was developed by adding Customer to the Technology-Organisation-Environment framework (T-O-E). The enhanced Customer-Organisation-Technology-Environment (C-O-T-E) framework was empirically investigated from the focal firms’ perspectives using semi-structured interviews with seventeen executives from knowledge-intensive service organisations. The research captured a total of sixteen factors affecting VCC and highlighted co-conception for competition as a new form of co-creation, where the customer-service provider’s long-term relationship positively enables a competitive strategy. These findings have significant implications for how service providers achieve competitive advantage in a challenging B2B marketplace.
Orthogonal code design for quasi-synchronous CDMA

A new code design method for quasi-synchronous CDMA is proposed. The proposed scheme, based on the theory of finite projective planes, has the following advantages: orthogonality; low cross-correlation for both the quasi-synchronous mode and asynchronous mode; and low auto-correlation. Numerical auto-correlation and cross-correlation results are provided for both the proposed code design and the Walsh functions.