Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simple Method To Extract Fats, Oil And Grease For Biodiesel Production From Grease Trap Waste

fats, oil, and grease (FOG), the main composition of dewatered grease trap waste (GTW), is the major cause of sewer pipe blockage that can lead to a costly treatment for councils as well as the households. To prevent this, grease traps are required to be installed in most of the hospitality services such as restaurants as well as food processing factories. As a result, a large amount of GTW is being collected and need to be treated that can cause many problems for most of the environmental services. This study investigated a potential and simple solvent extraction method to extract FOG from GTW. The resulting FOG was then used to produce biodiesel utilizing ethanol as a reagent. GTW was collected from an environmental service in Adelaide, South Australia, while hexane (HEX), diethyl ether (DEE) and a mixture of hexane diethyl ether (HEX-DEE) were utilized as a solvent to extract FOG. The results showed that the extraction yield was increased significantly while utilizing the solvent in the following order: DEE > HEX-DEE > HEX. A 96% extraction yield was obtained under the optimum operating condition of 1:1 DEE-GTW ratio (vol/w), 30C, 300 rpm and 360 min. In addition, all of the solvents are recycled and can be utilised continuously two to three times for FOG extraction with approximately to 88% extraction yield. Keywords—component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)
Corporate Social Responsibility and CEO Pay Performance Sensitivity: Evidence from Chinese listed firms

This study examines the impact of CSR on CEO pay performance sensitivity of Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2016. Our results reveal that CSR performance as well as CSR report disclosure could increase CEO pay performance sensitivity. We find that the increased monitoring towards CEO power is the channel through which CSR impacts on CEO pay performance sensitivity by showing that the positive impact is more profound among SOEs, firms with CEOs taking dual roles and CEOs having political connections. We further show that mandatory feature itself does not contribute to the impact of CSR on CEO pay performance sensitivity in China. Our findings are obtained after controlling firm and year fixed effects, and further confirmed with Generalised Method of Moments IV (IV-GMM) estimation, as well as alternative instrumental variable and different measurement of key variables.
Efficiency of dye adsorption by biochars produced from residues of two rice varieties, Japanese Koshihikari and Vietnamese IR50404

Adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) and Bromocresol Green (BG) were examined by using biochars produced from rice residues, straw and husk of Japanese Koshihikari and Vietnamese IR50404 rice varieties, to evaluate their capacity to adsorb dyes and possible adsorption mechanism. Cationic MB dye was more effectively adsorbed than anionic BG dye by all biochars examined. Vietnamese IR50404 biochars showed higher capacity of adsorption of two dyes than Japanese Koshihikari biochars, approximately about 1.5 times for MB and 1.7 times for BG. In varying pH from 2 to 10, alkaline condition increased adsorption of cationic MB dye approximately by 27.7–33.5% for rice straw biochars and by 86.2–92.2% for rice husk biochars; albeit a slight decrease in adsorption of anionic BG dye by 27.2–32.9% for rice straw biochars and by 47–70.6% for rice husk biochars. The pH experimental results indicated the existence of negative charges in the biochars and their electrostatic interaction with dyes. The adsorption kinetic study supported intra-particle diffusion of dyes, proceeding via a complex mechanism consisting of both surface adsorption and intra-particle transport within the pores of biochars. Thermodynamic analysis of adsorption suggested that the process was spontaneous with negative ΔG0 values and endothermic with positive ΔH0 values (ΔG0 = 35.27–41.94 kJ/mol; ΔH0 = 3.92–23.69 kJ/mol). This paper discussed possible explanation of dye adsorption with physisorption through porous diffusion, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction or π+-π interaction, common to both anionic and cationic dyes, with additional electrostatic interaction for cationic dyes with biochars in aqueous solution.
DDDT_A_212520 2459..2474

Hong-Goo Lee* Yun-Sang Park* Jin-Hyuk Jeong Yong-Bin Kwon Dae Hwan Shin Ju-Young Kim Yun-Seok Rhee Eun-Seok Park Dong-Wook Kim Chun-Woong Park 1College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea; 2College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, South Korea; 3College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; 4School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28530, South Korea
Performance of Molecular Breast Imaging as an Adjunct Diagnostic Tool

Purpose: The aim was to retrospectively assess the performance of molecular breast imaging (MBI) as an adjunct diagnostic tool when symptoms could not be explained by conventional imaging, or when mammography or ultrasound findings were equivocal. Methods: The analysis was comprised of women who underwent further testing with MBI after diagnostic mammography and/or targeted ultrasound. Outcome measures included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and analyzed as a performance measure. Results: In 301 women with a complete reference standard, 18 (6.0%) were diagnosed with cancer. MBI detected cancer in 16 subjects; two interval cancers occurred. 15 of the 16 cancers detected by MBI were invasive. Overall sensitivity of MBI in this sample was 88.9 % (95% CI 65.6 – 98.6), with 97.5% specificity (95% CI 95.0 – 99.0). Positive predictive value (PPV) was 69.6%, while negative predictive value for recall (NPV) was calculated as 99.3%. ROC curves demonstrated excellent performance (area under the curve = 0.933). Conclusions: MBI is a valuable diagnostic tool for further evaluation or to guide management when conventional imaging is incomplete. The majority of tumors in this study were invasive carcinomas with node negative status, important for timely treatment.
Effect of Selected Exercise on Serum Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) In Middle-Endurance Elite Runners

Background: Strenuous exercise is associated with tissue injury. This activates the innate immune system and local inflammation. Interaction between natural and adaptive immunity is very important for maintaining health, recommending that the adaptive immune system may also be altered by exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected exercise on serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in semi-endurance elite runners during preparation phase. Methods: Thirteen semi-endurance elite male runners with an average age of 18.92±1.7 years, BMI 20.07±1.50 (kg/m 2 ) volunteered to take part in this study. The runners participated in the selected exercise for a period of 5 weeks and 12 seasons per a week (in the morning and afternoon). Blood samples (serum levels IgG, IgM, IgA) were collected before and after preparation phase. Data were analyzed by Paired-sample T test (t- student) at a significance level of P<0.05. Result: Results showed that the levels of serum IgM in semi-endurance elite runners after preparation phase reduced significantly (P=0.004). The levels of serum IgG and IgA were not significant after preparation phase (P=0.513 and 0.987 respectively). Conclusions: Findings indicated that the levels of serum IgM reduced significantly, while the levels of serum IgG and IgA were not change significantly after preparation phase.
Amino Terminus Gen Polimerase Basik-2 Virus Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1

The information on pathogenicity and adaptation factors of avian influenza virus (AIV) in mammals is very inportant in an effort to reduce the risk of avian influenza (AI) pandemic in the future. Polymerase gene complex appears to be the major factors for adaptation of AIV to certain animal species. A preliminary study on role of non-coding region (NCR) and amino-terminus of polymerase-basic 2 (PB2) is presented. Purified viral RNA of AIV isolated from chicken, duck, pig, and quail of Bali and Yogyakarta was reverse transcribed into cDNA and amplified using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using PB-2 universal forward primer and specifically designed backward primer. The result showed that all AIV’s H5N1 isolated from chicken, duck, quail, and pig, posed PB2 amino-terminus typical for Indonesian AIV H5N1. However, polymorphic amino acids of the protein fragment did not show any species specific motive, with the exception of the pig isolate Sw/Tabanan/2006 which had specific substitution of D16E, H17Q, M40I, and H124Y. Key word: PB2 gene, avian influenza, H5N1, Indonesia
Provably Efficient and Scalable Shared-Memory Graph Algorithms

Parallel graph algorithms are important to a variety of computational disciplines today due to the widespread availability of large-scale graph-based data. Existing work that processes very large graphs restricts itself to static graphs and uses distributed memory, which often requires large computational and hardware cost, while still being prohibitively slow. This thesis will argue that shared-memory algorithms and techniques can solve a wide range of fundamental problems on very large static, dynamic, and streaming graphs quickly, provably-efficiently, and scalably, using a modest amount of computational resources. The first part of this thesis will focus on efficient parallel graph processing. We will propose the Graph Based Benchmark Suite, which contains provably-efficient implementations of over 20 fundamental graph problems. Our implementations solve these problems on the largest publicly available graph, the WebDataCommons hyperlink graph, with over 200 billion edges, in a matter of seconds to minutes. We will then introduce techniques to efficiently process graphs that are stored on non-volatile memory (NVRAMs). Compared to existing results in the literature for the WebDataCommons graph, both our shared-memory and non-volatile memory implementations use orders of magnitude fewer resources, and in many cases also run an order of magnitude faster than existing distributed memory codes. The second part of this thesis will focus on algorithms and systems for dynamic and streaming graphs. We will work in the Parallel Batch-Dynamic model, which allows algorithms to ingest batches of updates and exploit parallelism. We will describe algorithms for forest-connectivity connectivity, and for maintaining low-outdegree orientations in this model. Next, we will turn to practical data structures and algorithms for representing graphs that change over time. We design a dynamic graph representation based on a new compressed purely-functional tree data structure, called a C-tree, which admits provably-efficient parallel batch updates. Compared to existing work, our dynamic graph representation scales to much higher update rates, while using significantly less memory. Based on these ideas, we propose a new graph-streaming system called Aspen, and show that using Aspen, we can concurrently update and analyze the WebDataCommons hyperlink graph on a single commodity multicore machine with a terabyte of main memory.
Analysis of the Occurrence Mechanism for Coal and Gas Outburst Based on Multiple Discriminant Indices

In order to reveal the occurrence mechanism of coal and gas outburst and optimize the measures to prevent the disaster, a coal mine in Henan Province was undertaken as the research background. Based on the geological and mining conditions of the coal mine, the gas geological analysis method is applied to determine the outburst occurrence and to classify the risk levels. A multifactor pattern recognition method is used to determine the risk probability of the dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outburst. The relationship between geological structure, rock mass stress, and mine dynamic hazards is determined using geo-dynamic division method and FLAC3D numerical simulation. The occurrence and manifestation characteristics of the dynamic hazards are determined. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to evaluate the original prevention measures and to optimize the measures. The research results determine the main influencing factors and regional distribution law of coal and gas outburst, which is of great significance to the risk prediction and prevention of dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outburst.
Exercise: An Active Route to Healthy Aging Tai Chi Chih Acutely Decreases Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Older Adults

Background. Aging is associated with increases of sympathetic nervous system activation implicated in the onset of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the practice of Tai Chi Chih (TCC), a movement-based relaxation practice, would acutely promote decreases of sympathetic activity in elderly persons. Method. The sample included two groups of older men and women (age � 60 years): TCC practitioners (n ¼19) and TCC-naive participants (n ¼13). Participants were recruited after completing a 25-week randomized trial of TCC or health education. TCC practitioners performed TCC for 20 minutes, and TCC-naive participants passively rested. Preejection period, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before and after the task. A subsample (n ¼8) returned for a second evaluation and performed videotape-guided stretching for 20 minutes to evaluate the effects of slow-moving physical activity on sympathetic activity. Results. Results showed that TCC performance significantly decreased sympathetic activity as indexed by preejection period (p ¼ .01). In contrast, there was no change in preejection period following passive rest or slow-moving physical activity. Neither blood pressure nor heart rate changed after TCC performance. Discussion. This study is the first to our knowledge to assess the acute effects of TCC practice on sympathetic activity in older adults. TCC performance led to acute decreases in sympathetic activity, which could not be explained by physical activity alone. Further study is needed to determine whether the acute salutary effects of TCC on autonomic functioning are sustained with ongoing practice in older adults.
OLDER CHINESE PEOPLE

Objective: To explore the construct of complicated daily tasks (CDTs) performed by older Chinese people. Study Design: Panel review and face-to-face interview. Setting: Community of an urban Chinese city. Participants: Forty-six women with no major medical events and living independently in the community. Outcome Measures: A structured questionnaire containing 21 tasks rated for perceived complexity, importance and frequency. Results: A three-factor structure was revealed: “home maintenance”, “outdoor” and “t echnological”. The 12 core tasks were somewhat different from those revealed in other common clinical instruments. Conclusion: Performance of CDTs demands cognitive and physical capabilities, and technological skills of older people. Tasks specific to the Chinese culture were those related to cuisine, use of gadgets, physical environment and life-style.
Dynamic Analysis of Planar Multibody Systems with Fully Cartesian Coordinates

Multibody dynamics formulations have been successfully applied in the analysis of mechanical systems, as they allow for an efficient modelling and simulation of complex structures. ese formulations require the use of a set of parameters called generalized coordinates that uniquely defines the position and orientation of each body in space. Different multibody formulations can be found in literature, having its own advantages and limitations. is work proposes a novel formulation, Fully Cartesian Coordinates, that presents a new kinematic structure, based on points and vectors, to describe a generic rigid body. is concept eliminates the use of angular variables and body-dependent equations, two of the drawbacks of the most common formulations. e assessment of the formulation is performed by applying it in the simulation of two classical mechanisms, a simple planar pendulum and a planar slider crank, and their results compared with benchmark data from IFToMM library. e formulation enabled to model with success the mechanisms, generating constraint equations and contributions to the Jacobian matrix and the right-hand side vectors that are constant, linear or quadratic. When compared the results with the benchmark data, high agreement scores were found in the system coordinates for both pendulum (ICC = 1.000) and slider crank (ICC = 0.998). Fully Cartesian Formulation proved to be an interesting option in the modelling and analysis of multibody systems, due to the low degree of non-linearity of the equations it generates, high level of systematization of the model, intuitiveness and easiness of utilization and reliability and validity of the results.
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology

Indonesia is a major player in the aquaculture of red algae, especially carrageenan producing ‘eucheumatoids’ such as Kappaphycus and Eucheuma. However, many current trade names do not reflect the evolutionary species and updated taxonomy, this is especially the case for eucheumatoid seaweeds that are highly variable in morphology and pigmentation. Genetic variation is also not known for the cultivated eucheumatoids in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the species and the level of genetic variation within species of cultivated eucheumatoids from various farms across Indonesia, spanning 150-1500 km, using the DNA barcoding method. Samples of seaweed were randomly collected at 14 farmed locations between April 2017 and May 2018. For this study the 5prime end (~ 600 bp) of the mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) was amplified and sequenced. Morphological examination showed that the samples were quite variable in branching pattern and color. All samples collected from farms with floating line cultivation were identified based on COI sequences as Kappaphycus alvarezii and showed no variation in the COI gene. One farm sample with bottom-line cultivation was identified as K. striatus. The low genetic variation is in contrast to the phenotypic variation of samples, indicating that variation and phenotypic responses to environments is still found in samples with implications for growth rates and carrageenan yield and quality. Information about the genetic variation in stocks is important base knowledge for maintaining, expanding and continuing seaweed aquaculture.
Exercise Guidelines for Pregnant and Postpartum Women

RECOMMENDATIONS ON EXERCISING DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM HAVE EVOLVED OVER THE PAST DECADES. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES CURRENT GUIDELINES FOR EXERCISING DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY IS COVERED, AND THE BENEFITS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, AND BARRIERS TO EXERCISE FOR THIS SPECIAL POPULATION ARE HIGHLIGHTED. FURTHERMORE, RELEVANT RESEARCH PERTAINING TO THE IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE DURING THIS STAGE OF A WOMAN'S LIFE WILL BE EXAMINED. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT EVERY PREGNANT WOMAN BE MEDICALLY PRESCREENED FOR CONTRAINDICATIONS TO EXERCISE AND SHOULD SPEAK TO HER HEALTHCARE PROVIDER BEFORE STARTING OR CONTINUING AN EXERCISE PROGRAM DURING PREGNANCY.
Evaluation of the choice of GP practice pilot, 2012-13 Final report

The choice of general practice pilot began in April 2012 for 12 months and allowed patients to choose to seek care from any volunteer general practice in four volunteer Primary Care Trust (PCT) areas of the country (Westminster, Salford, Manchester and Nottingham City) without being restricted by practice boundaries. Patients could either register with a pilot practice as an out of area (OoA) patient, or be seen as a ‘day patient’, while remaining registered with their original practice. The aim of the evaluation was to describe the uptake of the pilot scheme, and give an early indication of its potential costs and benefits for participating practices and patients over a 12-month period, recognising that it would not be possible to quantify costs and benefits definitively over such a short time.
An exploration of the motivations of service users and carers involved in student social work education and the challenges that such involvement brings

Since the inception in 2003 of the degree-based route for social work qualification, the General Social Care Council (GSCC) requires people who use social work services and carers to become involved in all aspects of a learners experience on qualifying social work programmes. This article reports on a qualitative study designed to explore the motivations and challenges such involvement brings. The aim was to incorporate the voices of those involved and add to the discourse on user and carer involvement in higher education. A series of focus groups occurred to investigate differing perspectives. Views from all parties regarding the learner experience were explored. Findings suggest that students had much to gain in terms of confidence and skills by involvement by users and carers from theoretical and practical perspectives. Service users and carers reported they enjoyed the experience and for some this also lead to an increase in confidence and abilities. Academic staff reported how the involvement of service users and carers brought value and ‘reality’ to classroom based learning. In conclusion, moving beyond the boundaries of ‘traditional’ classroom based learning, towards the myriad of possibilities user and carer involvement in the curriculum brings, enhances the experience of learners, academics, users and carers alike.
Plant Biotechnology 23, 55–61 (2006)

Transgenic plants that produce anti-insect substances are vital in improving crop yields and in reducing the environmental risks of chemical insecticides. Enhancin is a metalloprotease produced in occlusion bodies of the Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV). It is a key substance that enhances infection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus in lepidopteran insects. Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) protoplasts were cotransformed with pREXFVEF and pLTHyg, which respectively bear the chimeric enhancin gene and the hygromycin-resistance gene. Hygromycin-resistant regeneration plants were examined by genomic polymerase chain reaction and genomic Southern and northern blotting analyses to confirm the presence and expression of the enhancin gene. Fourteen transgenic plant lines harboring the enhancin gene were obtained, and stable inheritance and expression of the enhancin gene were confirmed in the second, third, and fourth plant generations. Feeding Spodoptera exigua larvae leaves of enhancin-expressing rice plants in the presence of S. exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion bodies enhanced infection of the virus. Further, the development of Pseudaletia separata, S. exigua, and S. litura, none of which are host insects of TnGV, was inhibited when these larvae were fed enhancinexpressing rice leaves. This indicates that expression of the enhancin gene confers resistance to lepidopteran insect pests in rice.