Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Auditory motion perception: onset position and motion direction are encoded in discrete processing stages

The neural processing of auditory motion information shows a pronounced interhemispheric asymmetry. In previous electrophysiological studies, the so‐called motion‐onset response (MOR), a prominent auditory‐evoked potential to the onset of sound motion, was stronger over the hemisphere contralateral to the side of motion. Here, effects of lateral‐onset position and direction of motion on MOR contralaterality were investigated. Eighteen listeners were presented with free‐field sound stimuli that, after an initial stationary phase at a lateral spatial position within the left or right hemifield, started to move either left‐ or rightward. The early part of the MOR, the so‐called change‐N1, exhibited contralaterality that depended on the lateral motion‐onset position with stronger activations over the hemisphere contralateral to the side of motion onset, whereas the contralaterality of the later part of the MOR, the so‐called change‐P2, merely depended on the direction of motion. Cortical source localization indicated that this pattern of contralaterality primarily resulted from asymmetric activation in primary auditory cortex and insula. These findings suggest that the early and late parts of the MOR reflect different phases in auditory motion perception, supporting the notion of a modular organization of discrete processing stages.
An alternative approach to radiated susceptibility testing of airborne equipment

In this work, an alternative test procedure for unit-level radiated susceptibility (RS) testing of airborne equipment is theoretically investigated. The proposed approach applies to units interconnected by multi-wire shielded bundles, and resorts to an auxiliary wiring structure—placed in close proximity of the interconnecting bundle—in order to reproduce via crosstalk (XT) the same electromagnetic disturbances induced into the terminal units by radiation. To this end, a suitable equivalence scheme between the two excitation techniques is developed with reference to a typical RS test setup (RTCA DO-160). The equivalence holds for vertically-polarized fields, and requires to feed the auxiliary circuit at midpoint by a frequency-independent voltage source. Theoretical results are validated by multiconductor transmission line theory, and by electromagnetic simulation.
Interpretable Predictive Models for Knowledge Discovery from Home-Care Electronic Health Records

The purpose of this methodological study was to compare methods of developing predictive rules that are parsimonious and clinically interpretable from electronic health record (EHR) home visit data, contrasting logistic regression with three data mining classification models. We address three problems commonly encountered in EHRs: the value of including clinically important variables with little variance, handling imbalanced datasets, and ease of interpretation of the resulting predictive models. Logistic regression and three classification models using Ripper, decision trees, and Support Vector Machines were applied to a case study for one outcome of improvement in oral medication management. Predictive rules for logistic regression, Ripper, and decision trees are reported and results compared using F-measures for data mining models and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for all models. The rules generated by the three classification models provide potentially novel insights into mining EHRs beyond those provided by standard logistic regression, and suggest steps for further study.
Delivering collaborative programme management

This paper describes an extranet system implemented for a major UK bank to permit the management of many thousand annual branch 'upgrade' projects by the bank's property services division. The system has been developed to provide intuitive use by a user community of project managers, design consultants and contractors. The system differs from traditional hosted extranet services in that it has been developed specifically to address the complex issues of rapid programme management. It provides long term confidence to the bank by guaranteeing their ownership of the system and data. The system also retains the look and feel of bank systems to give clear brand identity. Users securely access the system and navigate within it by identifying a project, viewing programme information and accessing data folders.
A convolutional neural architecture: an application for defects detection in continuous manufacturing systems

One of the most important and critical aspects in all manufacturing processes is product inspection. Neural network based systems allow a compromise between resolution and processing speed in automatic inspection. This work introduces the development of a neural architecture, named Convolutional Top-Down Spiral Architecture, used to automatically generate digital filters for artificial vision inspection systems. Experimental results of this architecture applied for the detection of defects over paper pulp images gathered in a real environment are presented.
Feasibility of use of single dose immunization regime in Antibody Induction Method for testing potency of tetanus component in DTP group of vaccines and comparison of validated ELISA with TNT for antibody titration

Conventionally, for estimation of potency of tetanus toxoid by Antibody Induction Method (AIM), two doses (1/10 th of single human dose/dose) of tetanus toxoid given on 0 th and 28 th day, injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs has been recommended. But this assay has a serious drawback of ‘booster effects’ as the animal is immunized on two occasions besides usage of large number of animals. Hence, feasibility of using single dilution given at single occasion was assessed. For this a three dilution regime was used wherein three dilutions of the standard and test tetanus toxoid (TT) were injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs. Postimmunization sera were raised at 4 th and 6 th week and titrated by in-vivo Toxin Neutralization Test (TNT) done in mice and in-vitro indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For TNT, L+/10 doses of toxin combined with different concentrations of serum samples were inoculated into mice for anti-tetanus antitoxin detection. It was found that if the animal was bled at 4 th week post-immunization, anti-tetanus antibody titers as shown by ELISA were 4-5 times higher than the titers estimated by TNT while at 6 th week ELISA and TN titers were comparable (r 2 =0.999). When the time of bleeding, post-immunization, was increased from 4 th to 6 th week, a 5 fold increase in neutralizing antibody titer was seen. Also, standardized ELISA was found to be of high validity and can be used as an alternate for evaluation of anti-tetanus neutralizing antibodies, thus permitting the in-vitro evaluation of the tetanus antitoxin. Moreover, besides saving mice, ELISA saves five days required for TNT and the pressure on the laboratory is significantly
GIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY: APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES

There is a growing understanding and appreciation regarding the power of health and health-related information in planning and implementing health programs. Given these points and the fact that most health information is tied in some way to geography, it is becoming increasingly important that health professionals, organizations, and communities create systems that empower them to really take advantage of the many different types of information that is available and that can be brought to bare on health issues and program management. There are countless layers or types of health and health-related data for a given population or place. GIS allow people to organize, visualize, and analyze these data layers more effectively. GIS and related spatial analysis methods provide a set of tools for describing and understanding the changing spatial organization of health care, for examining its relationship to health outcomes and access, and for exploring how the delivery of health care can be improved. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide ideal platforms for the convergence of disease-specific information and their analyses in relation to population settlements, surrounding social and health services and the natural environment. They are highly suitable for analysing epidemiological data, revealing trends and interrelationships that would be more difficult to discover in tabular format. Moreover GIS allows policy makers to easily visualize problems in relation to existing health and social services and the natural environment and so more effectively target resources. This study highlights the application and relevance of GIS for improving the efficiency of public health services.
2'-Fluoro-5-iodoarabinosylcytosine, a new potent antiviral agent: efficacy in immunosuppressed individuals with herpes zoster.

2'-Fluoro-5-iodoarabinosylcytosine (FIAC) has potent antiviral activity in vivo against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus. For examination of the clinical efficacy of FIAC, a randomized, double-blind study of FIAC versus adenine arabinoside (ara-A) was conducted in 34 immunosuppressed individuals with varicella-zoster virus infections. The median time to the appearance of the last new lesion was shorter in patients who received FIAC relative to those who received ara-A (two versus five days, respectively; P less than .001) FIAC also reduced pain and accelerated initial crusting within 72 hr in a significantly greater proportion of patients when compared with ara-A (P = .004 and P = .0009, respectively). FIAC caused few toxic reactions (mild nausea and transient elevation in activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase). Thus FIAC is therapeutically superior to ara-A for the treatment of varicella-zoster virus infections in immunosuppressed subjects.
Moving tactile stimuli of fingers are integrated in the intraparietal and inferior parietal cortices

When two cylinders are passively moved in-phase on the volar surface of the right second and third fingers, human subjects estimate the stimuli to originate from one object, whereas two separate objects are estimated for out-of-phase stimuli. While five blindfolded subjects performed this estimation task, brain activity was measured by fMRI. The in-phase stimuli activated the left intraparietal and inferior parietal areas significantly more than did out-of-phase stimuli. These parietal regions may play important roles in the integration of moving tactile stimuli that are independently provided on plural fingers, from which subjects internally construct a single object.
Intercontinental spread of promiscuous mercury‐resistance transposons in environmental bacteria

We demonstrate that horizontal spread of mer operons similar to worldwide spread of antibiotic‐resistance genes in medically important bacteria occurred in bacteria found in ores, soils and waters. The spread was mediated by different transposons and plasmids. Some of the spreading transposons were damaged in different ways but this did not prevent their further spread. Certain transposons are mosaics composed of segments belonging to distinct sequence types. These mosaics arose as a result of homologous and site‐specific recombination. Our data suggest that the mercury‐resistance operons of Gram‐negative environmental bacteria can be considered as a worldwide population composed of a relatively small number of distinct recombining clones shared, at least partially, by environmental and clinical bacteria.
Compensatory endocytosis in chromaffin cells

Exocytosis occurs via fusion of secretory granules with the cell membrane, whereupon the granule content is at least partially released and the granule membrane is temporarily added to the plasma membrane. Exocytosis is balanced by compensatory endocytosis to achieve net equilibrium of the cell surface area and to recycle and redistribute components of the exocytosis machinery. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain a matter of debate. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in the understanding of compensatory endocytosis, with the focus on chromaffin cells as a useful model for studying mechanisms of regulated secretion.
Finite frequency T-S fuzzy control for a variable speed wind turbine

This paper investigates a finite frequency Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller synthesis for a variable speed wind turbine. The proposed control design is based on both the T-S fuzzy modeling and the finite frequency approach. The T-S fuzzy model is proposed to deal with a nonlinear behavior of wind turbine, and the finite frequency approach allows the command in a specific domain of frequency. Using generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (GKYP) lemma the design controller conditions are presented in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) terms which can be solved easily using existing numerical tools. In order to illustrate the performance of the proposed control algorithm, numerical simulations are performed using Matlab 7.6. 0 software.
A partial hearing animal model for chronic electro-acoustic stimulation

Objective. Cochlear implants (CIs) have provided some auditory function to hundreds of thousands of people around the world. Although traditionally carried out only in profoundly deaf patients, the eligibility criteria for implantation have recently been relaxed to include many partially-deaf patients with useful levels of hearing. These patients receive both electrical stimulation from their implant and acoustic stimulation via their residual hearing (electro-acoustic stimulation; EAS) and perform very well. It is unclear how EAS improves speech perception over electrical stimulation alone, and little evidence exists about the nature of the interactions between electric and acoustic stimuli. Furthermore, clinical results suggest that some patients that undergo cochlear implantation lose some, if not all, of their residual hearing, reducing the advantages of EAS over electrical stimulation alone. A reliable animal model with clinically-relevant partial deafness combined with clinical CIs is important to enable these issues to be studied. This paper outlines such a model that has been successfully used in our laboratory. Approach. This paper outlines a battery of techniques used in our laboratory to generate, validate and examine an animal model of partial deafness and chronic CI use. Main results. Ototoxic deafening produced bilaterally symmetrical hearing thresholds in neonatal and adult animals. Electrical activation of the auditory system was confirmed, and all animals were chronically stimulated via adapted clinical CIs. Acoustic compound action potentials (CAPs) were obtained from partially-hearing cochleae, using the CI amplifier. Immunohistochemical analysis allows the effects of deafness and electrical stimulation on cell survival to be studied. Significance. This animal model has applications in EAS research, including investigating the functional interactions between electric and acoustic stimulation, and the development of techniques to maintain residual hearing following cochlear implantation. The ability to record CAPs via the CI has clinical direct relevance for obtaining objective measures of residual hearing.
Impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in type‐2 diabetic mouse model

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of type‐2 diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by a distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and its incidence increases in patients 40 years of age or older. In spite of extensive research over decades, there are few effective treatments for diabetic neuropathy besides glucose control and improved lifestyle. The earliest changes in diabetic neuropathy occur in sensory nerve fibers, with initial degeneration and regeneration resulting in pain. To seek its effective treatment, here we prepared a type‐2 diabetic mouse model by giving mice 2 injections of streptozotocin and nicotinamide and examining the ability for nerve regeneration by using a sciatic nerve transection‐regeneration model previously established by us. Seventeen weeks after the last injection, the mice exhibited symptoms of type‐2 diabetes, that is, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin level, mechanical hyperalgesia, and impaired sensory nerve fibers in the plantar skin. These mice showed delayed functional recovery and nerve regeneration by 2 weeks compared with young healthy mice and by 1 week compared with age‐matched non‐diabetic mice after axotomy. Furthermore, type‐2 diabetic mice displayed increased expression of PTEN in their DRG neurons. Administration of a PTEN inhibitor at the cutting site of the nerve for 4 weeks promoted the axonal transport and functional recovery remarkably. This study demonstrates that peripheral nerve regeneration was impaired in type‐2 diabetic model and that its combination with sciatic nerve transection is suitable for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of early diabetic neuropathy.
Aerodynamic Cross-coupling in a Flexible Rotor : Control Design and Implementation

This paper is concerned with modeling and active vibration control of a 1.23-m long flexible shaft on active magnetic bearings that is designed to model a small industrial compressor and to serve as a platform for investigating emerging control schemes. Aerodynamic cross-coupled stiffness is one of the main contributors to rotordynamic instability in modern turbo-machines. The destabilizing effects of the cross-coupled stiffness are demonstrated. H2 and H∞ synthesis approaches are used to design controllers that may stabilize the rotor-bearing system over a wide range of cross-coupled stiffness. Stability analysis and dynamic simulations of the resulting closed-loop systems are performed and recommendations made on the best means of achieving the desired performance and stability of the rotor-bearing system. The control and data-acquisition are in the process of being implemented in real-time using a DSP system.
A Robust Key Management Scheme for WLAN

The negative impact of network partitions on the availability of key management services in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is alleviated by a robust key management scheme based on the distributed certificate authority (DCA). Auxiliary shares are used to increase the redundancy of shares in the networks thereby ensuring robustness and security at the same time. Simulations show that the average failure ratio for DCA requests is reduced by more than 50%. A security analysis and simulations show that the approach ensures system robustness and thwarts common attacks.
All-Optical Packet Switching and Label Rewriting for Data Packets Beyond 160 Gb/s

In this paper, two different paradigms to realize a scalable all-optical packet switch with label swapping will be reviewed. The two paradigms are based on wavelength routing switch and space routing switch. All the functions required for switching the packets, namely, the label processor, the label rewriter, and the optical switch, are based on all-optical signal processing with no electronic control. This allows for very fast processing time and potential photonic integration of the systems. We report, for both techniques, experimental results showing the routing operation of the 160-Gb/s packets and beyond. We will discuss and compare both techniques in terms of devices and bit-rate scalability, power consumption, power penalty performance, and cascadability as key parameters for the realization of an all-optical packet switch.
IDENTIFICATION OF SEROTONIN WITHIN VITAL‐STAINED NEURONS FROM LEECH GANGLIA

Abstract— We have measured serotonin (5‐HT) within large and small neurosomata which are vitally stained by Neutral Red dye. A micro‐radioenzymatic technique which is sensitive to 50fmol of 5‐HT was employed on intact ganglia, 75 μm Retzius Cells (RZ) and a 10 μm ventro‐lateral cell (VL) taken from the leech Macrobdella decora. The stain does not affect the levels of 5‐HT in either ganglia or RZ. The VL cell body contains 5‐HT at concentrations of at least 100 mm. Microspectrofluorometry of all the ganglionic neurosomata which fluoresce following the Falck‐Hillarp formaldehyde condensation reaction detected rapidly‐fading emission peaks of 509–523 nanometers. We conclude that all seven fluorescent neurons in the leech ganglion very probably contain serotonin.
The "Faith of the Enlightened" by Wladyslaw Witwicki. An Example of the Conflict between Academic Research and Political Correctness

Academics are always under multiple pressures to adhere to the constraints of the methodologies accepted by their particular disciplines. The book Faith of the Enlightened was completed in 1935 and presented the results of his research on the psychological status of religious beliefs among educated people.Witwicki was always interested in the various products either material or intellectual (thoughts and reflections) of human beings. The educational level of his subjects suggested to him the term enlightened (simply standing for 'well educated'). He had chosen as research subjects people able to understand a text and to present their reasoning in resolving the moral dilemmas included there. One more interesting point can be made concerning the fate of Witwicki's research. In contemporary terms his findings did not meet the requirements of political correctness for his time. The concept of political correctness entered current social discourse with a somewhat ambivalent overtone.Keywords: ambivalent overtone; Faith of the Enlightened; moral dilemmas; political correctness
INITIAL APPROACHES TO THE COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF CYTOPHOTOMETRIC FIELDS *

Two recent meetings of the New York Academy of Sciences (Scanning Techniques in Biology and Medicine, and Applications and Methods of Counting and Sizing in Medicine and Biology) give a good indication of what promises to become a major area of research in microscopy. No longer satisfied with their classical preoccupation with the quality of images, microscopists are now turning their attention to the meaning or content of images. Devices which count, measure, or recognize microscopic objects are a challenge to the imagination, offer a solution to the drudgery and inaccuracy of older methods, and may eventually supply a perceptiveness which surpasses human abilities. The first efforts in this field have typically involved highly specialized equipment, designed and constructed to perform a particular task. As Tolles and Mansberg recently emphasized, there are many advantages to replacing this "one method-one instrument" approach with a combination of scanning microscopy and analysis by digital computer. If one can store the relevant optical information from an object in the memory of a digital computer, the equivalent of a wide variety of special-purpose devices can be accomplished by logical manipulations of the data. Special-purpose computer programs replace special-purpose machines, and one appropriate input device to the computer is the only hardware that need be constructed. As new problems appear or new analytical methods are devised, they can be rapidly and inexpensively tested. Methods attempting to solve similar problems can be compared directly, and most importantly, it is conceivable that batteries of independent methods can be combined to provide powerful analytical tools otherwise not available. A general-purpose device which introduces information from microscopic images into the memory of a digital computer is currently under development at Airborne Instruments Laboratory. Over the past year, tests and reevaluations of this instrument have led to many modifications which are still in the process of being completed. Many of these details and the specifications of the system have been described (Bostrom & Holcomb) and need only be men-