Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Location-Aware Low Complexity ICI Reduction in OFDM Downlinks for High-Speed Railway Communication Systems with Distributed Antennas

High mobility may destroy the orthogonality of subcarriers in OFDM systems, resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI), which may greatly reduce the service quantity of high speed railway (HSR) wireless communications. This paper focuses on ICI mitigation in the HSR downlinks with distributed transmit antennas. In such a system, its key feature is that the ICIs are caused by multiple carrier frequency offsets corresponding to multiple transmit antennas. Meanwhile, the channel of HSR is fast time varying, which is another big challenge in the system design. In order to get a good performance, low complexity real-time ICI reduction is necessary. To this end, we first analyzed the property of the ICI matrix and then propose a low complexity ICI reduction method based on location information. For evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method, the maximum and minimum remaining interference after ICI reduction is analyzed and the service quantity is also discussed. Numerical results are presented to verify our theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed ICI reduction method. One important observation is that our proposed ICI mitigation method can achieve almost the same service quantity with that obtained on the case without ICI when the velocity of the train is 300km/h.
ADP-stimulated contraction: A predictor of thin-filament activation in cardiac disease

Significance Diastolic dysfunction is characteristic of patients with cardiomyopathy. Evidence indicates that diseased hearts show basal sarcomeric activation capable of impairing diastolic performance. By activating human cardiomyopathy muscle in ADP-containing solutions without Ca2+, we showed that actin–myosin blockade is disrupted. This may be caused by the presence of mutations and/or the reduced phosphorylation of myofilament proteins. Our mechanistic study supports the novel idea that protein kinase A-target phosphorylation and myosin-binding protein C regulate the OFF–ON transition of the thin filaments. ADP increased myofilament force and stiffness in the presence of Ca2+ in cardiomyopathy samples, suggesting this condition limits muscle relaxation through increased actin–myosin interactions. We conclude that ADP-stimulated contraction can be used to reveal conformational changes in the three-state model of thin-filament activation. Diastolic dysfunction is general to all idiopathic dilated (IDCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Relaxation deficits may result from increased actin–myosin formation during diastole due to altered tropomyosin position, which blocks myosin binding to actin in the absence of Ca2+. We investigated whether ADP-stimulated force development (without Ca2+) can be used to reveal changes in actin–myosin blockade in human cardiomyopathy cardiomyocytes. Cardiac samples from HCM patients, harboring thick-filament (MYH7mut, MYBPC3mut) and thin-filament (TNNT2mut, TNNI3mut) mutations, and IDCM were compared with sarcomere mutation-negative HCM (HCMsmn) and nonfailing donors. Myofilament ADP sensitivity was higher in IDCM and HCM compared with donors, whereas it was lower for MYBPC3. Increased ADP sensitivity in IDCM, HCMsmn, and MYH7mut was caused by low phosphorylation of myofilament proteins, as it was normalized to donors by protein kinase A (PKA) treatment. Troponin exchange experiments in a TNNT2mut sample corrected the abnormal actin–myosin blockade. In MYBPC3trunc samples, ADP sensitivity highly correlated with cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) protein level. Incubation of cardiomyocytes with cMyBP-C antibody against the actin-binding N-terminal region reduced ADP sensitivity, indicative of cMyBP-C’s role in actin–myosin regulation. In the presence of Ca2+, ADP increased myofilament force development and sarcomere stiffness. Enhanced sarcomere stiffness in sarcomere mutation-positive HCM samples was irrespective of the phosphorylation background. In conclusion, ADP-stimulated contraction can be used as a tool to study how protein phosphorylation and mutant proteins alter accessibility of myosin binding on actin. In the presence of Ca2+, pathologic [ADP] and low PKA-phosphorylation, high actin–myosin formation could contribute to the impaired myocardial relaxation observed in cardiomyopathies.
Pharmaceutical Nanoemulsions and Their Potential Topical and Transdermal Applications

Topical and transdermal drug delivery systems are noninvasive and can be self-administered with the minimization of side-effects, have received increased attention during the past few years. Nanoemulsions, emulsions sized between 20-200 nm with narrow distributions, offer several advantages for topical and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, the ability to efficiently dissolve lipophilic drugs, enhanced skin permeation and extended release of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Moreover, they exert good sensorial and physical properties such as complete dispersion on skin and skin hydration in cosmetic products. The review deals with nanoemulsion applications in topical and transdermal drug and gene delivery.
Semantic Class Induction for Language Model Adaptation in a Chinese Voice Search System

In this paper we describe our work on generating in-domain corpus using auto-induced semantic classes and structures for language model adaptation in a voice search dialogue system. We proposed a novel similarity measure based on co-occurrence probabilities for inducing semantic classes. Clustering with the new similarity measure outperformed that with the widely used distance measure based on Kullback--Leibler divergence. For language model adaptation, we adopted the widely used approach of model interpolation. Experiments show that both human-human and generated data helped a lot and the latter helped more. This means that the generated data is more in-domain than the human-human data for human-computer dialogues. The performance of 9.0% in character recognition error rate and 25.5 in perplexity on the test data is achieved with a language model from an interpolated language model.
Development of a new reporter gene system--dsRed/xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-xanthine for molecular imaging of processes behind the intact blood-brain barrier.

We report the development of a novel dual-modality fusion reporter gene system consisting of Escherichia coli xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRT) for nuclear imaging with radiolabeled xanthine and Discosoma red fluorescent protein for optical fluorescent imaging applications. The dsRed/XPRT fusion gene was successfully created and stably transduced into RG2 glioma cells, and both reporters were shown to be functional. The level of dsRed fluorescence directly correlated with XPRT enzymatic activity as measured by ribophosphorylation of [14C]-xanthine was in vitro (Ki = 0.124 +/- 0.008 vs. 0.00031 +/- 0.00005 mL/min/g in parental cell line), and [*]-xanthine octanol/water partition coefficient was 0.20 at pH = 7.4 (logP = -0.69), meeting requirements for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating tracer. In the in vivo experiment, the concentration of [14C]-xanthine in the normal brain varied from 0.20 to 0.16 + 0.05% dose/g under 0.87 + 0.24% dose/g plasma radiotracer concentration. The accumulation in vivo in the transfected flank tumor was to 2.4 +/- 0.3% dose/g, compared to 0.78 +/- 0.02% dose/g and 0.64 +/- 0.05% dose/g in the control flank tumors and intact muscle, respectively. [14C]-Xanthine appeared to be capable of specific accumulation in the transfected infiltrative brain tumor (RG2-dsRed/XPRT), which corresponded to the 585 nm fluorescent signal obtained from the adjacent cryosections. The images of endogenous gene expression with the "sensory system" have to be normalized for the transfection efficiency based on the "beacon system" image data. Such an approach requires two different "reporter genes" and two different "reporter substrates. " Therefore, the novel dsRed/XPRT fusion gene can be used as a multimodality reporter system in the biological applications requiring two independent reporter genes, including the cells located behind the BBB.
Term Structures of Defaultable Bonds

In this essay we introduce three types of credit pricing models: first and second generation structural-form models and reduced-form models with relative papers and their main results. This paper mainly focuses on the reduced-form credit pricing model by explaining Duffie and Singleton’s paper Modeling Term Structure of Defaultable Bonds (1999). A detailed explanation of the paper’s deductions and motivations is presented. We discuss the paper’s drawbacks and summarize the relative improvements made by recent papers. In the end, we make applications to Duffie and Singleton’s model and solve for explicit pricing formulas of defaultable bonds in different cases.
Planar and tomographic (SPECT) imaging of small volume targets using a Cross-Slit collimator

In vivo imaging techniques applied to small animals are important tools in basic research. Scintigraphic planar and tomographic images allow in vivo functional expression of the protocol's effect on the animal's organs to be assessed. In that way, long term dynamical studies can be developed on the same animal, which can be used as its own control, helping to reduce statistical uncertainties, to cut costs and to improve ethical aspects of the experiment. Considering the small size of those animals' organs, specially adapted instruments must be used in order to reach, simultaneously, good spatial resolution and sensitivity. Because of the intrinsic magnification factor, small-size pinhole-like collimators seem to be the obvious option to reach good spatial resolution. However, sensitivity is limited by the aperture's size. In this work, we propose the use of a combination of two 11-mm long, 0.8-mm width, mutually perpendicular slits as the collimator, in combination with appropriate restoration algorithms. By being narrow, information on high resolution is encoded on the recorded image, while, by being long, a large effective open area allows for good sensitivity. The slits are short enough such that individual open elements produce almost identical projections of the target. In a pre-processing stage, an implementation of the Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization algorithm was used to decode individual projections, producing high resolution planar images of the target. The same algorithm was used to combine those pre-processed individual projections, this time as if they would be obtained with a small size single pinhole collimator, obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) model of the target's radiotracer distribution. Monte Carlo simulations and physical phantoms were used to test the proposed methodology. Spatial resolution, equivalent to the one obtained with a 1.5-mm diameter pinhole collimator, was reached. Considering the collimator's open area, sensitivity should increase by a factor nearly 9, when compared with the same 1.5-mm diameter pinhole collimator. The experimental results are consistent with that theoretical value. Additionally, the pre-processing stage does not introduces a significant increase in the total processing time necessary for convergence to the reconstructed 3D object model. In this way, this kind of collimator appears as a good alternative to reduce the acquisition time, improving ethical aspects on animal management, as well as to allow the 3D target emission model to be obtained with no increased machine burden.
Supplement for BIER

In this document we provide further insights into Boosting Independent Embeddings Robustly (BIER). First, in Section 2 we describe our method for loss functions operating on triplets. Next, in Section 3 we show how our method behaves when we vary the embedding size and the number of groups. In Section 4 we summarize the effect of our boosting based training approach and our initialization approach. We provide an experiment evaluating the impact of end-to-end training in Section 5. Further, in Section 6 we demonstrate that our method is applicable to generic image classification problems. Finally, we show a qualitative comparison of the different embeddings in our ensemble in Section 7 and some qualitative results in Section 8.
On Formalizing and Normalizing Role-Based Access Control Systems

Role-based access control (RBAC) has emerged as the dominant access control paradigm for service-oriented systems, with this dominance being reflected by the popularity of RBAC both with the research community and with information technology vendors. RBAC's dominance was solidified in 2004 when an American National Standards Institute standard for RBAC was approved. In this paper, we consider some of the drawbacks of this standard and show how the formal description technique, Z, has been used to underpin a model of RBAC. The model builds on the work of Li et al. and adopts a modular approach. In particular, we consider the relationships between different types of inheritance within our model. We show our model can be used to define a notion of equivalence between different RBAC systems. Finally, we show how—via our model—a particular RBAC system can be normalized to produce a simpler—but semantically equivalent—representation. We illustrate this process via two examples.
Experimental Investigation of Dual-Mode Microstrip Ring Resonators

The general behavior of microstrip ring resonators has been known for some time. In particular, the possibility of exciting two degenerate resonances on a single ring has already been established. In the technical literature, however, one can not find (to the authors knowledge) a complete and detailed description of actual microwave filters implemented by explicitly using the dual-mode nature of the microstrip ring. In this paper we present computer simulations and measured results describing a dual-mode filter cell implemented by using a single microstrip ring resonator. The microstrip dual-mode filter presented allows the implementation of two transmission poles and two transmission zeros using only one dual-mode ring resonator. This result is of particular interest because it has already been demonstrated experimentally that a similar behavior can be also obtained with circular-waveguide resonators. The presence or the absence of the transmission zeros is explained in simple terms. In addition, a procedure is presented to predict the position in frequency of the transmission zeros.
Association between Polymorphisms in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 1 Gene (VMAT1/SLC18A1) on Chromosome 8p and Schizophrenia

Linkage studies have suggested a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia (SZ) exists on chromosome 8p21–22. The vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene (VMAT1), also known as SLC18A1, maps to this SZ susceptibility locus. Vesicular monoamine transporters are involved in the presynaptic vesicular packaging of monoamine neurotransmitters, which have been postulated to play a role in the etiology of SZ. Variations in the VMAT1 gene might affect transporter function and/or expression, and might be involved in the etiology of SZ. Genotypes of 62 patients with SZ and 188 control subjects were obtained for 4 missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (Thr4Pro, Thr98Ser, Thr136Ile, Val392Leu) and 2 noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs988713, rs2279709). All cases and controls were of European descent. The frequency of the minor allele of the Thr4Pro polymorphism was significantly increased in SZ patients when compared to controls (p = 0.0140; d.f. = 1; OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.11–2.57). Assuming a recessive mode of inheritance, the frequency of homozygote 4Pro carriers was significantly increased in the SZ patients when compared to controls (24 vs. 8%, respectively; p = 0.0006; d.f. = 1; OR = 3.74; 95% CI = 1.703–8.21). Haplotype analysis showed nominal significance for an individual risk haplotype (p = 0.013); however, after permutation correction, the global p value did not attain a statistically significant level (p = 0.07). Results suggest that variations in the VMAT1 gene may confer susceptibility to SZ in patients of European descent. Further studies are necessary to confirm this effect, and to elucidate the role of VMAT1 in central nervous system physiology and possible involvement in the genetic origins of SZ.
Planning for Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice

Expectations for evidence-based healthcare are growing, yet the most difficult step in the process, implementation, is often left to busy nursing leaders who may be unprepared for the challenge. Selecting from the long list of implementation strategies and knowing when to apply them are a bit of an “art,” matching clinician needs and organizational context. This article describes an application-oriented resource that nursing leaders can use to plan evidence-based practice implementation in complex healthcare systems.
Improved quality of re‐sliced MR images using re‐normalized sinc interpolation

This article shows that re‐normalizing the interpolation kernel for a constant integral can make a significant improvement in performance of sinc interpolation methods. A comparison was performed between standard and re‐normalized sinc kernels of various sizes using data from four commonly used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences. Standard rotations were performed and compared with a “gold standard” data set generated by use of a large (13 × 13 × 13) sinc kernel. Measurements of systematic pixel intensity offset error and variance of generated residuals were used to estimate resultant interpolation error. Theoretical estimates of the consequent savings in computation time were compared with the measured time required for each algorithm and with the automated image registration (AIR) program. The use of a small (5 × 5 × 5) re‐normalized kernel produced relative errors comparable to those in the gold standard data set, allowing saving in computation time of up to 30 times in comparison with standard sinc interpolation. This approach brings the implementation of MR volume re‐slicing much closer to the demands of a clinical environment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:582–588. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personalization of Web Services: A Study on the Fit Between Web Tasks and Person

Personalization is increasingly being considered an important ingredient of Web applications. In most cases, personalization techniques and mechanisms are used for tailoring information services to user needs. It is motivated by the recognition that a user has needs, and meeting them successfully is likely to lead to a satisfying relationship and re-use of the Web services offered. However, if the personalization mechanisms do not match the needs depicted by the tasks, it will decrease user satisfaction and performance. In this research, we use the cognitive fit theory to examine the fit between personalization mechanisms and Web tasks.
Reexamination of the genome size of myxobacteria, including the use of a new method for genome size analysis

The genome sizes of two myxobacteria, Myxococcus xanthus and Stigmatella aurantiaca, were measured by renaturation analysis and also by a new method involving the quantitation of individual restriction fragments. In contrast to several previous reports, which indicate that M. xanthus has a genome size which is three to four times that of Escherichia coli, the present measurements indicated that the M. xanthus genome is only about 24 to 53% larger than that of E. coli. S. aurantiaca had a genome size nearly identical to that of M. xanthus. Of possible significance is the fact that the renaturation curves of M. xanthus and S. aurantiaca deoxyribonucleic acid both exhibited significant fractions which renatured with rapid, unimolecular kinetics. However, we were unable to establish that these fractions represented inverted repeats of repetitive sequences.
A precedence-constraint-posting procedure to generate schedules maximizing quality with anytime property

Inspired by the popularity of anytime algorithms in solving complex real world problems, we define a class of scheduling problems. In addition to the normal resource constrained project scheduling assumptions, each activity in a project has a quality profile with an anytime property, which means that it can be stopped at any time and the quality of the output is proportional to its duration. Instead of finishing all activities as fast as possible, the goal of scheduling is to maximize the sum of qualities given a hard project due date. We formulate this quality maximization problem as a constraint-based optimization problem, analyze its complexity and present a precedence constraint posting procedure for generating a schedule with a good quality sum. Different constraint posting heuristics are evaluated based on the solution they can produce, CPU time and the number of posted constraints.
Association analysis of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP/ADCYAP1) gene in bipolar disorder

Background Linkage studies in bipolar disorder (BPD) suggest that a susceptibility locus exists on chromosome 18p11. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) (PACAP/ADCYAP1) gene maps to this region. PACAP is a neuropeptide involved in neurotransmission in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system and is required for catecholamine secretion. Animal models of PACAP mutations show remarkable behavioral defects, including hyperactivity and increased exploratory behavior. Objective In this study we tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in the human PACAP gene contribute to BPD. Methods Genotyping of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1893154; rs2846811; rs8192595; rs2856966; rs928978; rs2231187; rs1610037) was performed in BPD patients (n=570) and healthy controls (n=710). Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between groups using χ2 contingency analysis. Linkage disequilibrium between markers was calculated and estimated haplotype frequencies were compared between groups. Main results There were no significant differences between groups on the allele, genotype or haplotype level for any of the tested single nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion Our results provide no evidence of an association of the PACAP gene with BPD in this group of patients and controls. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the BPD susceptibility locus on chromosome 18p.
Recognition of Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharides and Lipopolysaccharides by the Macrophage Mannose Receptor*

The in vitro binding of the macrophage mannose receptor to a range of different bacterial polysaccharides was investigated. The receptor was shown to bind to purified capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae and to the lipopolysaccharides, but not capsular polysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Binding was Ca2+-dependent and inhibitable withd-mannose. A fusion protein of the mannose receptor containing carbohydrate recognition domains 4–7 and a full-length soluble form of the mannose receptor containing all domains external to the transmembrane region both displayed very similar binding specificities toward bacterial polysaccharides, suggesting that domains 4–7 are sufficient for recognition of these structures. Surprisingly, no direct correlation could be made between polysaccharide structure and binding to the mannose receptor, suggesting that polysaccharide conformation may play an important role in recognition. The full-length soluble form of the mannose receptor was able to bind simultaneously both polysaccharide via the carbohydrate recognition domains and sulfated oligosaccharide via the cysteine-rich domain. The possible involvement of the mannose receptor, either cell surface or soluble, in the innate and adaptive immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides is discussed.