Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in type of lifetime trauma and suicidal ideation mediated by post-traumatic stress and anxio-depressive disorders in older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: Examine the association between trauma and daily stressors, post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS), anxio-depressive disorders, and suicidal ideation in older adults. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: This study included 1446 older adults recruited in primary care practices (2011–2013) and participating in Quebec’s longitudinal study on health services in the elderly. Measurements: Lifetime trauma and PTSS was assessed using the validated PTSS scale for older adults based on scores from the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, number of lifetime traumatic events and interference with daily activities. The presence of an anxio-depressive disorder was based on physician diagnoses. Path analyses were conducted to determine the pathways between trauma, daily stressors, PTSS and anxio-depressive disorders and SI. Analyses were conducted on the overall sample and by sex. Results: Seven percent and 12% reported SI and PTSS. In males, traumas of sexual assault, violence/stalked, war/combat/imprisonment and daily hassles were directly associated with SI. In females, daily hassles were directly associated with SI. In males, a number of traumas were associated with SI through the mediating effect of PTSS and anxio-depressive disorders. In females, PTSS but not anxio-depressive disorders mediated the relationship between traumas and daily stressors, and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: The effects of lifetime traumas persist well into older age. Traumas leading to SI differ between males and females as do the pathways and comorbidity with PTSS and anxio-depressive disorders. This highlights differences in etiologic patterns, which may be used in primary care practice to identify symptom profiles of older persons at risk of suicidal ideation.
Comparing Life Histories across Taxonomic Groups in Multiple Dimensions: How Mammal-Like Are Insects?

Explaining variation in life histories remains a major challenge because they are multidimensional and there are many competing explanatory theories and paradigms. An influential concept in life-history theory is the fast-slow continuum, exemplified by mammals. Determining the utility of such concepts across taxonomic groups requires comparison of the groups’ life histories in multidimensional space. Insects display enormous species richness and phenotypic diversity, but testing hypotheses like the fast-slow continuum has been inhibited by incomplete trait data. We use phylogenetic imputation to generate complete data sets of seven life-history traits in orthopterans (grasshoppers and crickets) and examine the robustness of these imputations for our findings. Three phylogenetic principal components explain 83%–96% of variation in these data. We find consistent evidence of an axis mostly following expectations of a fast-slow continuum, except that “slow” species produce larger, not smaller, clutches of eggs. We show that the principal axes of variation in orthopterans and reptiles are mutually explanatory, as are those of mammals and birds. Essentially, trait covariation in Orthoptera, with “slow” species producing larger clutches, is more reptilelike than mammal-like or birdlike. We conclude that the fast-slow continuum is less pronounced in Orthoptera than it is in birds and mammals, reducing the universal relevance of this pattern and the theories that predict it.
Effects of low power laser irradiation in nasal cavity on cerebral blood flow perfusion of patients with brain infarction

Objective To study the effects of low power laser irradiation in nasal cavity on cerebral blood flow and cerebral function in patients with brain infarction. Methods Thirty-nine patients with cerebral infarction were divided into a intravenous laser irradiation group and a laser irradiation in nasal cavity group. For the group of intravenous irradiation (ILIB group,18 cases), the patients lay on the bed with their heads fixed and were treated with intravenous laser irradiation for 30 min. Both before and after the therapy they received a SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging separately. For the group of laser irradiation in nasal cavity (LINC group,21 cases), the patients received laser irradiation in nasal cavity for 30 min and also SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging tests both before and after therapy. BFCR% model was used to quantify the blood flow of the focal and mirror regions. Results SPECT showed that there was significant improvement in perfusion of the entire brain and cerebral function in both ILIB and LINC groups after 30 minutes of treatment,each compared to those before treatment; the changes in the focal rCBF and cerebral function were much more obvious (P0.001). The rCBF and cerebral function in the mirror regions was also increased but there was no significant difference (P0.05). BFCR% in focal region was significantly higher than that in mirror region (P0.001). Comparing the rCBF of the focal region after treatment,there was no significant difference between ILIB group and LINC group (P0.05). Conclusion Low power laser irradiation in nasal cavity can improve the focal rCBF and cerebral function of the patients with brain infarction, which is similar to that of the ILIB.
Simultaneous Consonance in Music Perception and Composition

Simultaneous consonance is a salient perceptual phenomenon corresponding to the perceived pleasantness of simultaneously sounding musical tones. Various competing theories of consonance have been proposed over the centuries, but recently a consensus has developed that simultaneous consonance is primarily driven by harmonicity perception. Here we question this view, substantiating our argument by critically reviewing historic consonance research from a broad variety of disciplines, reanalyzing consonance perception data from 4 previous behavioral studies representing more than 500 participants, and modeling three Western musical corpora representing more than 100,000 compositions. We conclude that simultaneous consonance is a composite phenomenon that derives in large part from three phenomena: interference, periodicity/harmonicity, and cultural familiarity. We formalize this conclusion with a computational model that predicts a musical chord’s simultaneous consonance from these three features, and release this model in an open-source R package, incon, alongside 15 other computational models also evaluated in this paper. We hope that this package will facilitate further psychological and musicological research into simultaneous consonance.
Cross-Validation of the VIA Inventory of Strengths-Revised and its Short Forms

Abstract The VIA Inventory of Strengths is an extremely popular index of the 24 character strengths that comprise the VIA Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues. The inventory has recently been extensively revised. The current study sought to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised VIA Inventory, including newly developed short forms and scales measuring the virtue component of the VIA Classification. This study used two samples of adults, one comprised of 743 individuals recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and another of 631 individuals who accessed the VIA Institute of Character website to complete an earlier version of the VIA Inventory. Participants completed the new version of the inventory as well as a measure of related behaviors. The current study examines internal consistency, factor structure, test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and item discrimination statistics. The results suggest the inventory generally meets psychometric standards for a measure of the targeted character strengths and virtues.
Obesity associated with a novel mitochondrial tRNACys 5802A>G mutation in a Chinese family

Abstract A Chinese family with matrilineally inherited obesity was assessed and its clinical, genetic, and molecular profiling was conducted. Obesity was observed in matrilineal relatives (3 out of 7) of a single generation (of 3 alive generations) in this family. On pedigree analysis and sequencing of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a novel homoplasmic mutation of the mitochondrial tRNACys gene (5802A>G) was identified in these individuals. This mutation correlated with a destabilized conserved base pair in this tRNA anticodon stem. Position 30 is known to be crucial for carrying out effective codon recognition and stability of tRNA. In accordance with the importance of this conserved site, we observed that the predicted structure of tRNACys with the mutation was noticeably remodeled in a molecular dynamics simulation when compared with the isoform of the wild-type. All other 46 mutations observed in the individual’s mtDNA were known variants belonging to haplogroup D4. Thus, this is the first report that provides evidence of the association between a mutation in tRNA and an enhanced risk of maternally transmissible obesity, offering more insights into obesity and its underlying nature.
Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis

Abstract Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes to “minimally or non-addictive levels. ” However, important research gaps remain, and the FDA must determine when the available research is sufficient to support moving forward. Methods The authors conducted a systematic review of research articles in PubMed relating to nicotine reduction. Building on a review of risk assessment best practices, the authors also developed a risk assessment framework for tobacco regulation and used it to guide a gap analysis of nicotine reduction research. Results The final sample consisted of 78 articles. The majority examined either nicotine dependence on very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) or markers of potential health effects of using VLNCs. One-third of the identified articles reported results from four large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). While these studies report promising results and suggest that a nicotine reduction rule would be a powerful tool to reduce cigarette smoking, our gap analysis suggests that there is a need for studies that better reflect the use and availability of a wide range of tobacco/nicotine products and the potential for dual- or multi-product use. Conclusion The current body of research on nicotine reduction is weighted towards RCTs, which is appropriate for a policy that has not yet been implemented anywhere in the world. The FDA must consider a wide range of factors that may impact a product standard’s public health impact, including those difficult to assess in RCTs, such as a nicotine reduction rule’s impact on smoking initiation and relapse. Implications This systematic review presents a gap analysis based on a risk assessment framework to help identify remaining research priorities to inform FDA’s potential product standard to reduce nicotine levels in cigarettes. Quickly addressing those gaps would support the FDA’s effort to develop a nicotine reduction product standard that will be effective and withstand legal challenges.
[Instant adjustive effect of auricular electroacupuncture on brain default model network of patients with primary insomnia].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the immediate brain effect of auricular electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of primary insomnia (PI). METHODS In this study, 15 subjects with PI who were diagnosed according to Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and other 15 age- and gender-matched subjects without insomnia were recruited in the present study. The PI patients received EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, a tolerable electrical current strength) of auricular concha for 30 min, and their resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data before and after treatment were collected. The healthy subjects received no any treatment and their resting state fMRI data were collected. The diffe-rence of default mode network functional connectivity between the patients and healthy subjects, and changes of the patient's brain functional connectivity after EA treatment were estimated by using seed-point-based analysis (SPBA). RESULTS Analysis by taking the posterior cingulate gyrus as the seed-point showed that compared with the healthy participants before treatment, the patient's brain functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the right insula, or the inferior frontal gyrus of the right opercularis region, or the right rolandic operculum was increased. After 30 minutes' EA treatment, the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the precuneus, the left angular gyrus, the left frontal superior gyrus, the left frontal middle cortex, the right temporalis inferior gyrus, the right temporalis middle gyrus or the left medial orbitofrontal cortex was decreased, while the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the right lingual gyrus, or the cortex surrounding the right calcarine fissure was increased. CONCLUSION EA of auricular concha has an instant effect in modulating the brain default mode network in PI patients, which may be its brain mechanism underlying improvement of PI.
A similarity measure method fusing deep feature for mammogram retrieval.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant tumors among women causing a serious impact on women's lives and mammography is one the most important methods for breast examination. When diagnosing the breast disease, radiologists sometimes may consult some previous diagnosis cases as a reference. But there are many previous cases and it is important to find which cases are the similar cases, which is a big project costing lots of time. Medical image retrieval can provide objective reference information for doctors to diagnose disease. The method of fusing deep features can improve the retrieval accuracy, which solves the "semantic gap" problem caused by only using content features and location features. METHODS A similarity measure method combining deep feature for mammogram retrieval is proposed in this paper. First, the images are pre-processed to extract the low-level features, including content features and location features. Before extracting location features, registration with the standard image is performed. Then, the Convolutional Neural Network, the Stacked Auto-encoder Network, and the Deep Belief Network are built to extract the deep features, which are regarded as high-level features. Next, content similarity and deep similarity are calculated separately using the Euclidean distance between the query image and the dataset images. The location similarity is obtained by calculating the ratio of intersection to union of the mass regions. Finally, content similarity, location similarity, and deep similarity are fused to form the image fusion similarity. According to the similarity, the specified number of the most similar images can be returned. RESULTS In the experiment, 740 MLO mammograms are used, which are from women in Northeast China. The content similarity, location similarity, and deep similarity are fused by different weight coefficients. When only considering low-level features, the results are better with fusing 60% content feature similarity and 40% lesion location feature similarity. On this basis, CNN deep similarity, DBN deep similarity, and SAE deep similarity are fused separately. The experiments show that when fusing 60% DBN deep feature similarity and 40% low-level feature similarity, the results have obvious advantages. At this time, the precision is 0.745, recall is 0.850, comprehensive evaluation index is 0.794. CONCLUSIONS We propose a similarity measure method fusing deep feature, content feature, and location feature. The retrieval results show that the precision and recall of this method have obvious advantage, compared with the content-based image retrieval and location-based image retrieval.
Are predictive equations a valid method of assessing the resting metabolic rate of overweight or obese former athletes?

Abstract Athletes retiring from their sports career, an understudied population, are susceptible to become overweight/obese because of decreased energy expenditure not followed by a reduction in energy intake. Therefore, their energy requirements, through resting metabolic rate (RMR), should be accurately addressed for weight management purposes. This study aimed to determine the validity of predictive equations (PEq) for RMR estimation using indirect calorimetry as the reference method in a sample of overweight/obese former athletes. The study uses cross-sectional data collected during baseline measurements of a lifestyle intervention (NCT03031951). The RMR of 56 overweight/obese (31.5 (4.0 kg/m2)) individuals (78.6% male, 37.5% obese, 95.8 (14.8 kg), 174.2 (8.7 cm)) was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted using seven PEq: Harris-Benedict, Cunningham, Schofield, FAO/WHO/UNU, Owen, Mifflin-St. Jeor, and Katch-McArdle. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. The PEq overestimated the RMR measured by the indirect calorimetry, 70–300 kcal/day (4.3–14.9%). The linear regression between the reference and each of the PEq did not differ from the identity line with estimated values explaining around 50% of the variability of the measured values. The agreement between the methods was weak for all the PEq showing wide limits of agreement. The Harris–Benedict equation was the only one in which the difference between the methods was not related to the magnitude of the measured RMR. Given the weak performance of the various RMR models in overweight/obese former athletes, an effective weight management intervention based on estimated resting energy requirements may be compromised.
A novel androgen receptor antagonist JJ‐450 inhibits enzalutamide‐resistant mutant ARF876L nuclear import and function

Castration‐resistant prostate cancer can develop resistance to enzalutamide because of androgen receptor (AR) point mutations, AR overexpression, constitutively active AR splice variants, and/or elevated intratumoral androgen synthesis. The point mutation ARF876L was reported to be stimulated, instead of inhibited, by enzalutamide, thus contributing to enzalutamide resistance. We have recently developed JJ‐450 as a novel AR antagonist with the potential to treat enzalutamide‐resistant castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling regulates hippocampal axon branching during development

Axon branching is crucial for proper formation of neuronal networks. Although originally identified as an angiogenic factor, VEGF also signals directly to neurons to regulate their development and function. Here we show that VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2 (also known as KDR or FLK1) are expressed in mouse hippocampal neurons during development, with VEGFR2 locally expressed in the CA3 region. Activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in isolated hippocampal neurons results in increased axon branching. Remarkably, inactivation of VEGFR2 also results in increased axon branching in vitro and in vivo. The increased CA3 axon branching is not productive as these axons are less mature and form less functional synapses with CA1 neurons. Mechanistically, while VEGF promotes the growth of formed branches without affecting filopodia formation, loss of VEGFR2 increases the number of filopodia and enhances the growth rate of new branches. Thus, a controlled VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling is required for proper CA3 hippocampal axon branching during mouse hippocampus development.
Dual Mini-Fragment Plating is Comparable to Precontoured Small Fragment Plating for Operative Diaphyseal Clavicle Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES To compare precontoured (Pc) small fragment plating to dual mini-fragment plating (DmF) for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of diaphyseal clavicle fractures. DESIGN Retrospective Cohort SETTING:: Level 1 Trauma CenterPatients/Participants: A total of 133 patients with displaced fractures of the diaphyseal clavicle (OTA/AO 15-B1, -2, and -3) treated with ORIF with a minimum of 1 year follow up or until radiographic and clinical union. INTERVENTION Two patient cohorts were identified: 1) patients treated with orthogonal DmF plate constructs and 2) patients treated with Pc clavicle-specific plates. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Union rate and implant removal were assessed using standard descriptive statistics. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values (p) were calculated. RESULTS There were 60 DmF and 74 Pc patients. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age, gender, surgeon, body mass index, or mode of fixation. There was no significant difference in union (98.3% DmF; 100% Pc, p=0.45) or maintenance of reduction (98.3% DmF; 100% Pc, p=0.45). A total of 8% of DmF patients had symptomatic implant removal compared to 20% of Pc patients (OR 0.36, CI 0.12-1.05, p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective comparative study found no difference in union or maintenance of reduction for diaphyseal clavicle fractures fixed with DmF compared to Pc plating. Patients treated with DmF plates may have lower rates of symptomatic implant removal. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III.
Prospective Multicentric Follow-up Study of Cochlear Implantation in Adults With Single-Sided Deafness: Tinnitus and Audiological Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the audiological and tinnitus outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in adults with single-sided deafness (SSD) and tinnitus. STUDY DESIGN Multicentered prospective, non-randomized intervention study. SETTING Six French CI centers. PATIENTS Twenty-six patients with SSD and incapacitating tinnitus (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory [THI] >58) underwent cochlear implantation. INTERVENTIONS First, CIs delivered only masking white noise stimulation for 1 month and then standard CI stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Before and after CI surgery, patients completed the THI, Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ), Subjective Tinnitus Severity Scale (STSS), and two visual analogue scales quantifying tinnitus loudness and annoyance. Speech perception in spatialized noise was tested at 13 months. RESULTS The first month of white noise stimulation triggered a significant improvement in THI scores (72 ± 9 to 55 ± 20, p < 0.05). No change was observed for the other measures. After 1 year of standard CI stimulation, 23 patients (92%) reported a significant improvement in tinnitus. This improvement started 1 to 2 months after CI and exceeded 40% improvement for 14 patients (54%). Average speech-in-noise perception after 1 year significantly improved for the 23 patients who completed these measures. CONCLUSIONS CI is efficacious to reduce the handicap of patient with SSD and incapacitating tinnitus, leading to a decrease in reported tinnitus and partial restoration of binaural hearing abilities.