Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A tool for assessing the feasibility of comparative effectiveness research

Background: Comparative effectiveness research (CER) provides actionable information for health care decision-making. Randomized clinical trials cannot provide the patients, time horizons, or practice settings needed for all required CER. The need for comparative assessments and the infeasibility of conducting randomized clinical trials in all relevant areas is leading researchers and policy makers to non-randomized, retrospective CER. Such studies are possible when rich data exist on large populations receiving alternative therapies that are used as-if interchangeably in clinical practice. This setting we call “empirical equipoise. ” Objectives: This study sought to provide a method for the systematic identification of settings it in which it is empirical equipoise that offers promised non-randomized CER. Methods: We used a standardizing transformation of the propensity score called “preference” to assess pairs of common treatments for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia and new-onset heart failure in a population of low-income elderly people in Pennsylvania, for whom we had access to de-identified insurance records. Treatment pairs were considered suitable for CER if at least half of the dispensings of each treatment-pair member fell within a preference range of 30% to 70%. Results: Among 3889 community-acquired pneumonia patients, insurance claims histories were sufficiently similar in seven drug pairs to suggest that observational CER might be effective. Relapse appears to have been less common in levofloxacin recipients than in similar patients given other products. In 6035 heart failure patients, metoprolol, carvedilol, and atenolol were employed in patients with similar claims histories, and thus might be suitable for observational CER. The long-acting succinate formulation of metoprolol had lower failure rates in head-to-head comparisons with all other beta-blockers. Both findings are candidates for further investigation. Confounding by unmeasured factors operating in the same manner as the measured covariates would not have produced the apparent superiority of levofloxacin, which was given to people in poorer respiratory health. The baseline covariate distributions of persons starting beta-blockers suggest only that carvedilol recipients were healthier than others. Conclusion: A straightforward algorithm can identify empirical equipoise, in which prescribers as a group seem evenly divided on the merits of alternative therapies. This is the setting in which CER may be most necessary and is likely to be most accurate. The imbalances identified by propensity models can identify situations in which the results of screening analyses may be biased in the direction of the observed effect.
The non-steady state oceanic CO 2 signal: its importance, magnitude and a novel way to detect it

The role of the ocean has been pivotal in modulating rising atmospheric CO 2 levels since the industrial revolution, sequestering nearly half of all fossil-fuel derived CO 2 emissions. Net oceanic uptake of CO 2 has roughly doubled between the 1960s (~1 Pg C yr −1 ) and 2000s (~2 Pg C yr −1 ), with expectations that it will continue to absorb even more CO 2 with rising future atmospheric CO 2 levels. However, recent CO 2 observational analyses along with numerous model predictions suggest the rate of oceanic CO 2 uptake is already slowing, largely as a result of a natural decadal-scale outgassing signal. This recent CO 2 outgassing signal represents a significant shift in our understanding of the oceans role in modulating atmospheric CO 2 . Current tracer-based estimates for the ocean storage of anthropogenic CO 2 assume the ocean circulation and biology is in steady state, thereby missing the new and potentially important "non-steady state" CO 2 outgassing signal. By combining data-based techniques that assume the ocean is in a steady state, with techniques that constrain the net oceanic CO 2 uptake signal, we show how to extract the non-steady state CO 2 signal from observations. Over the entire industrial era, the non-steady state CO 2 outgassing signal (~13 ± 10 Pg C) is estimated to represent about 9% of the total net CO 2 inventory change (~142 Pg C). However, between 1989 and 2007, the non-steady state CO 2 outgassing signal (~6.3 Pg C) has likely increased to be ~18% of net oceanic CO 2 storage over that period (~36 Pg C). The present uncertainty of our data-based techniques for oceanic CO 2 uptake limit our capacity to quantify the non-steady state CO 2 signal, however with more data and better certainty estimates across a range of diverse methods, this important and growing CO 2 signal could be better constrained in the future.
Détection d'objets stationnaires par une paire de caméras PTZ

L’analyse video pour la video-surveillance necessite d’avoir une bonne resolution pour pouvoir analyser les flux video avec un maximum de robustesse. Dans le contexte de la detection d’objets stationnaires dans les grandes zones, telles que les parkings, le compromis entre la largeur du champ d’observation et la bonne resolution est difficile avec un nombre limite de cameras. Nous allons utiliser une paire de cameras a focale variable de type Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ). Les cameras parcourent un ensemble de positions (pan, tilt, zoom) predefinies afin de couvrir l’ensemble de la scene a une resolution adaptee. Chacune de ces positions peut etre vue comme une camera stationnaire a tres faible taux de rafraichissement. Dans un premier temps notre approche considere les positions des PTZ comme des cameras independantes. Une soustraction de fond robuste aux changements de luminosite reposant sur une grille de descripteurs SURF est effectuee pour separer le fond du premier plan. La detection des objets stationnaires est effectuee par re-identification des descripteurs a un modele du premier plan. Dans un deuxieme temps afin de filtrer certaines fausses alarmes et pouvoir localiser les objets en 3D une phase de mise en correspondance des silhouettes entre les deux cameras et effectuee. Les silhouettes des objets stationnaires sont placees dans un repere commun aux deux cameras en coordonnees rectifiees. Afin de pouvoir gerer les erreurs de segmentation, des groupes de silhouettes s’expliquant mutuellement et provenant des deux cameras sont alors formes. Chacun de ces groupes (le plus souvent constitue d’une silhouette de chaque camera, mais parfois plus) correspond a un objet stationnaire. La triangulation des points frontiere haut et bas permet ensuite d’acceder a sa localisation 3D et a sa taille.
Induced Cat 1-groups

In this paper we define the pullback cat-group and show that this Pullback has a right adjoint which is the induced cat-group. Later we show that this right adjoint is a pushout of category of cat-groups. We calculate the Peiffer subgroups to find a finite group of the source of induced cat-groups. The generating set of Peiffer subgroups are also given in this paper. All results are corrected by a GAP[13] program package in [4]. This paper also contains the some computational examples which are the calculation-induced cat-group and comparative times between the induced crossed modules and induced cat-groups.
Needs and Enabling Technologies for Stretchable Electronics Commercialization

Stretchable electronics represent an emerging class of devices that can be compressed, twisted and conform to very complicated shapes. The mechanical and electrical compliances of the technology promise to open up applications for healthcare, energy and entertainment purposes. However, advancement in the field has been hindered by material related constraints. Moreover, the current microfabrication facilities are optimized for rigid substrates such as silicon, which have significant different properties compared to elastomers. In this paper, four categories of enabling technologies for stretchable electronics commercialization are critically reviewed, namely: the novel design of stretchable structures, use of non-conventional materials, state-of-art printing techniques and also the patterning of electrodes or metal interconnects via conventional manufacturing techniques.
USING THE CENTURY MODEL TO SIMULATE C DYNAMICS IN AN INTENSIVELY MANAGED ALABAMA ULTISOL

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is essential for improving soil quality and mitigating gr eenhouse gas emissions. Studies have shown that cultivated soils in the Southeastern USA have substantial potential for seques­ tering SOC. The use of validated models to simulate soil management effects on the SOC pool is critical for growers, r esearchers, and policy makers. We evaluated the ability of the CENTUR Y model to simulate SOC dynamics in a tillage and cr op rotation experiment (ca. 1988) located in Milstead, central AL. Soils consisted of coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults. Tillage treatments included surface tillage (no tillage and conventional tillage) and subsurface till­ age (one-time subsoiling on narr ow centers, annual inrow subsoiling, and no subsoiling) cr opped to a corn ( Zea
Age, construction, and exhumation of the midcrust of the Jurassic Bonanza arc, Vancouver Island, Canada

We present new U-Pb zircon ages for heterogeneous mafic-felsic rocks of the West Coast complex, a midcrustal plutonic component of exposed Jurassic arc-crustal section on Vancouver Island. We examine the timing of juvenile plutonic crust production, and consanguinity of volcanism and plutonism in this arc. The midcrustal plutons were emplaced between 193 Ma and 174 Ma, contemporaneous with the upper-crustal ( 3 yr −1 . Deformation and emplacement were contemporaneous, and there are no correlations among age, differentiation (peridotite to granite), or structural level of plutons in the arc. The age range and a weak eastward younging age polarity of the Jurassic arc section on Vancouver Island match that of the Talkeetna arc-crustal section in Alaska, suggesting that the two arcs are correlative and evolved by either forearc erosion above of an east-dipping slab, or slab rollback during west-dipping subduction.
Adult Development : Adult Education ; * Adult Learning : Adults : * Age Cifferences : Individual Characteristics ; Learning Problems : * Learning

Glynn, Shawn. M. A Contextual View cf Adult Learning and Memory. 80 19p. : Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Meeting (Montreal, Quebec, September 1980). MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. Adult Development: Adult Education; *Adult Learning: Adults: *Age Cifferences: Individual Characteristics; Learning Problems: *Learning Prccesses; *Memory: *Older Adults: *Recall (Psychology); Retention (Psychology) Explanations cf age-related differences in adult memcry usually assume two forms: processing deficits and structural deficits. Processing deficit explanations attribute recall differences tc a failure of older adtilts to effectively use the processes of attention, crganizaticn, mediation (the use of such devices as visual images and verbal images and verbal expressions. to link meaningful bits of information into integrated memorable whole), and elaboration (the use cf a levels-of-processing approach for Encoding bits cf information in a systematic hierarchical fashion) . Structural deficit explanations attribute differences to speed and capacity limitations associated with age-related changes in the central nervous system. Findings cf discourse-learning studies suggest that characteristics of the adult learner interact with characteristics of the material to determine recall outcomes. Sex and educational background of older adults influence recall scores. It is possible that part of the observed age-related recall difference is due to metaccgnitive factors. (Metacognition is the general knowledge that guides selection and implementation of task-specific operations.) While older adults may fail to integrate seemingly trivial facts, they integrate meaningful new knowledge with existing related knowledge, ensuring high levels of recall. Activation of existing knowledge may help tc moderate recall deficits in older adults. (Author /MN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** p\ ti A Contextual. View of Adult Learning and Memory Shawn M. Glynn CY University of Georgia Paper presented at the mf! eting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, September 1980. U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE DF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. DUCVD EXACTLY AS PECEiVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINA TINC, IT POINTS OPVIE 04 OR OPINIONS ,7ArED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE `,F NT OF I ,r,Ai NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF rwcAT ION POSITION OR POLICY 2 -PERMISSION TO'REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). "
Who is fitting better to Portuguese local demand for public choice: Central government or municipal governments?

Using two alternative approaches to the demand for public choice - median voter and interest group competition - central government and local governments public provision to Portuguese municipalities were analysed. Two political issues under the responsability of municipal governments (current intervention and environmental resources management) were compared with two issues that depend on central government decisions (basic healthcare and undergraduate education). Empirical results show that the response of public choice to political demand is quite similar whatever is the responsible level of government. This easy-communicability between central government provision and local demand reveals some ability of central government in apprehending local specifities. However this does not imply that central government provision shall continue, because empirical results indicate that local groups are succeeded in lobbying central government. Setting up the studied case of local provision as reference, if decentralization occurs, the destruction of nationally organized lobbying will not strongly reinforce local interest group pressure. Consequently, at a national perspective, decentralization may bring public choice closer to the preferences of majority.
D1.5.3 Advanced Methods for Change Propagation between Networked Ontologies and Metadata

This document describes the implementation of the approach to modelling some of the dynamics of (semantic) metadata that were described in D1.5. 1 [MPD + 07] and D1.5. 2 [MPAD08]. We focus here specifically on the interaction between the example clients and the NeOn toolkit, such that changes in networked ontologies can be propagated to the semantic metadata, and vice versa. This means that, for example, changes made to an ontology using GATE services can be propagated to the NeOn toolkit where other users can access them, and that changes made to ontologies by other users via the toolkit can be accessed by users of GATE services. The deliverable comprises two main parts. First, we describe the implementation of ontology change between GATE and the NeOn Toolkit, and second, we describe the Evolva plugin which enables ontological changes to be captured and propagated to the toolkit from folksonomy data.
Social intelligence and its sub-scales among physical education expertise in Isfahan education organizations: Study of gender differences

Social intelligence has been studied by social scientists for the past three decades but recently has garnered increasing attention. When predicting and interpreting human behavior, a specific area is created by interpersonal situations and behaving of a person in such situations, in other words, managing and solving problems where an important role is played by the factor of social contacts of people. One of the significant characteristics used when describing and predicting such behavior is social intelligence. Based on these evidences, the purpose of this research was to examine the social intelligence and its sub-scales among physical education expertise in Isfahan education organizations: study of gender differences. For this purpose, a total of 48 physical education expertise in Isfahan education organizations participated in this research. There were 37 men and 11 women, and their ages ranged from 35-46 years-old. To data collection, all subjects filled in the Silvera Social Intelligence Scale (2001) and demographic questionnaire. The results showed that the differences between overall social intelligence scores and its sub-scales with gender (men and women) were significant at the level of P<0.05. Furthermore, men in these variables obtained higher scores than women.
ORACLE 2-D ( v 2 . 0 ) : An efficient module to compute the volatility and oxygen content of 1 organic aerosol with a global chemistry – climate model 2 3

A new module, ORACLE 2-D, simulating organic aerosol formation and evolution in the atmosphere has been developed and evaluated. The module calculates the concentrations of surrogate organic species in two-dimensional space defined by volatility and oxygen-to-carbon ratio. It is implemented into the EMAC global chemistry–climate model, and a comprehensive evaluation of its performance is conducted using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) factor analysis dataset derived from almost all major field campaigns that took place globally during the period 2001– 2010. ORACLE 2-D uses a simple photochemical aging scheme that efficiently simulates the net effects of fragmentation and functionalization of the organic compounds. The module predicts not only the mass concentration of organic aerosol (OA) components, but also their oxidation state (in terms of O : C), which allows for their classification into primary OA (POA, chemically unprocessed), fresh secondary OA (SOA, low oxygen content), and aged SOA (highly oxygenated). The explicit simulation of chemical OA conversion from freshly emitted compounds to a highly oxygenated state during photochemical aging enables the tracking of hygroscopicity changes in OA that result from these reactions. ORACLE 2-D can thus compute the ability of OA particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei and serves as a tool to quantify the climatic impact of OA.
Masculinity in Post-Soviet Ukraine: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study represents a collaboration between Western and Ukrainian researchers interested in generating a structural model of masculinity in Ukrainian culture. Using the Multicultural Masculinity Ideology Scale (Doss & Hopkins, 1998) and exploratory factor analysis, we explored the factor structure of a sample of Ukrainian men (N = 187). Data was obtained from four public universities in two large cities in Ukraine. Principle components analysis with oblique rotation revealed four components: Sexuality/Prosperity, Stoic Protector, Competitive Perseverance, and Reserved Sexuality. Sexuality/Prosperity and Reserved Sexuality resembled components found in Russia, with the former demonstrating the most favorable psychometric properties. Stoic Protector and Competitive Perseverance appeared to be unique, though with weaker evidence of validity and reliability. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Interactive comment on “ Global soil nitrous oxide emissions in a dynamic carbon – nitrogen model ” by Y .

This paper describes the implementation of a model for inorganic soil nitrogen (N) dynamics within a Global Dynamic Vegetation Model that explicitly treats the interactions of the carbon (C) and N cycles. Results are presented from a simulation covering years 1970-2005 and for several sensitivity analyses (soil moisture, elevated CO2, warming). The model is assessed against observational data of N2O
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) services: What are public relations agencies selling?

Free to read on publisher's website Different discourse communities have associated corporate social responsibility (CSR) with different meanings. Because of the lack of a universal definition, organizations could attach different labels to the concept to their own advantage. Public relations agencies are one type of consultancies which has packaged CSR as a service for which they offer advice for planning and implementation. Based on an analysis of the web sites of 22 public relations agencies in the United States, this study found that these agencies presented to be offering a variety of services for different purposes, some of which are related to their expertise in communication and some of which are not. They highlighted their expertise, experience and innovative approaches in their services but failed to fully make use of their specialty in public relations to assist their clients in making CSR-related decisions. Thus, based on the findings, this study has suggested several areas to which public relations agencies could be hired to best contribute to their corporate clients’ CSR strategies, including understanding publics, segmenting publics and relationship building. By hiring agencies to help with CSR strategy formulation, corporations could benefit from a more effective allocation of resources to achieve desired outcomes.
Modes of Supply for U . S . Exports of Services ∗

We examine the choice of modes of delivery in services based on U.S. data, including both cross border exports and sales through foreign affiliates. We focus on characteristics of destination markets and how this impacts on mode choice. We find that market size, distance, and policy all play a role in where firms establish, and in how many firms enter. The importance of sales through affiliates relative to total foreign sales also depends on factors like market size, geographic and economic distance, and the policy regime in place. Precisely how important these factors are depends on the sector in question.
Theories and Hypotheses Monetary Rewards and Review Quality

The emergence of online crowdsourcing sites has opened up new channels for third parties and companies to solicit paid reviews from people. In this paper, we investigate 1) how the introduction of monetary payments affects review quality, and 2) the impact of bonus rewards, sponsorship disclosure, and choice freedom on the quality of paid reviews. We conduct a 2×2×2 between-subjects experiment on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our results indicate that there are no significant quality differences between paid and unpaid reviews. The quality of paid reviews improves by both the presence of additional performance-contingent rewards and the requirement to add disclosure text about material connections, and deteriorates by the restrictions imposed on the product set to be reviewed. These results have implications for websites and companies who are seeking legitimate reviews for their online products from paid workers.
Difference and Givenness: Deleuze's Transcendental Empiricism and the Ontology of Immanence

INTRODUCTION 1. EMPIRICISM AND THE SEARCH FOR THE CONDITIONS OF REAL EXPERIENCE 2. BERGSONIAN INTUITION AND INTERNAL DIFFERENCE 3. TRANSCENDENTAL EMPIRICISM: THE IMAGE OF THOUGHT AND THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE ENCOUNTER 4. FIRST MOMENT OF THE ENCOUNTER: THE SENTIENDUM 5. SECOND MOMENT OF THE ENCOUNTER: THE MEMORANDIUM 6. THIRD MOMEMENT OF THE ENCOUNTER: THE COGITANDUM 7. OVERCOMING SPECULATIVE DOGMATISM: TIME AND THE TRANSCENDENTAL FIELD 8. INDIVIDUATION: THE GENESIS OF EXTENSITIES AND THE STRUCTURE-OTHER CONCLUSION REFERENCE MATTER.