Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bresaola made from Cinisara cattle: effect of muscle type and animal category on physicochemical and sensory traits

ABSTRACT The physicochemical characteristics and sensory traits of Cinisara bresaola were investigated, to explore a new commercial opportunity for autochthonous dairy cattle farms. Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus and Biceps brachii muscles, from adult cows (AC) and grazing (GB) or housed (HB) young bulls of Cinisara breed, were processed to made bresaola. Differences due to animal category and muscle type were observed. Bresaola from AC was richer in fat and volatile organic compounds. The bresaola from Semitendinosus showed higher colorimetric parameters, fat and, when from grazing animals, Warner-Bratzler shear force than those made from other muscles. In general, all bresaola were well appreciated. The principal component analysis performed using selected physicochemical and sensory traits was able to discriminate bresaola produced from different animal categories, effect of muscle type was relevant only for AC. These results evidenced the possibility to obtain bresaola from the meat of different animal categories, comparable for sensory properties and appreciable by consumers.
Association of sustained supraphysiologic hyperinsulinemia and inflammatory signaling within the digital lamellae in light‐breed horses

Abstract Background Hyperinsulinemia is associated with equine laminitis, and digital lamellar inflammation in equine metabolic syndrome‐associated laminitis (EMSAL) is modest when compared with sepsis‐associated laminitis. Objectives To characterize digital lamellar inflammation in horses in a euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) model of laminitis. Animals Sixteen healthy adult Standardbred horses. Methods Prospective experimental study. Horses underwent EHC or saline infusion (CON) for 48 hours or until the onset of Obel grade 1 laminitis. Horses were euthanized, and digital lamellar tissue was collected and analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (pro‐inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes—CXCL1, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL‐6, MCP‐1, MCP‐2, IL‐1β, IL11, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α], E‐selectin, and ICAM‐1), immunoblotting (phosphorylated and total signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 [STAT1], STAT3, and p38MAPK), and immunohistochemistry (markers of leukocyte infiltration: CD163, MAC387). Results Lamellar mRNA concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐11, COX‐2, and E‐selectin were increased; the concentration of COX‐1 was decreased; and concentrations of CXCL1, CXCL6, MCP‐1, MCP‐2, IL‐8, TNF‐α and ICAM‐1 were not significantly different in the EHC group compared to the CON group (P ≤ .003). Lamellar concentrations of phosphorylated STAT proteins (P‐STAT1 [S727], P‐STAT1 [Y701], P‐STAT3 [S727], and P‐STAT3 [Y705]) were increased in the EHC group compared to the CON group, with phosphorylated STAT3 localizing to nuclei of lamellar basal epithelial cells. There was no change in the lamellar concentration of P‐p38 MAPK (T180/Y182), but the concentration of total p38 MAPK was decreased in the EHC samples. There was no evidence of notable lamellar leukocyte emigration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance These results establish a role for lamellar inflammatory signaling under conditions associated with EMSAL.
Application of the time-dependent surface flux method to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method

We present a numerical implementation of the time-dependent surface flux (tSURFF) method [New J. Phys. 14, 013021 (2012)], an efficient computational scheme to extract photoelectron energy spectra, to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (TD-MCSCF) method. Extending the original tSURFF method developed for single particle systems, we formulate the equations of motion for the spectral amplitude of orbital functions constutiting the TD-MCSCF wave function, from which the angle-resolved photoelectron energy spectrum, and more generally, photoelectron reduced density matrices (RDMs) are readiliy obtained. The tSURFF method applied to the TD-MCSCF wave function, in combination with an efficient absorbing boundary offered by the infinite-range exterior complex scaling, enables accurate {\it ab initio} computations of photoelectron energy spectra from multielectron systems subject to an intense and ultrashort laser pulse with a computational cost significantly reduced compared to that required in projecting the total wave function onto scattering states. We apply the present implementation to the photoionization of Ne exposed to an attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse and above-threshold ionization of Ar irradiated by an intense mid-infrared laser field, demonstrating both accuracy and efficiency of the present method.
A coupled compressible flow and geomechanics model for dynamic fracture aperture during carbon sequestration in coal

This paper presents the development of a discrete fracture model of fully coupled compressible fluid flow, adsorption and geomechanics to investigate the dynamic behaviour of fractures in coal. The model is applied in the study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration and differs from the dual porosity model developed in our previous work, with fractures now represented explicitly using lower‐dimensional interface elements. The model consists of the fracture‐matrix fluid transport model, the matrix deformation model and the stress‐strain model for fracture deformation. A sequential implicit numerical method based on Galerkin finite element is employed to numerically solve the coupled governing equations, and verification is completed using published solutions as benchmarks. To explore the dynamic behaviour of fractures for understanding the process of carbon sequestration in coal, the model is used to investigate the effects of gas injection pressure and composition, adsorption and matrix permeability on the dynamic behaviour of fractures. The numerical results indicate that injecting nonadsorbing gas causes a monotonic increase in fracture aperture; however, the evolution of fracture aperture due to gas adsorption is complex due to the swelling‐induced transition from local swelling to macro swelling. The change of fracture aperture is mainly controlled by the normal stress acting on the fracture surface. The fracture aperture initially increases for smaller matrix permeability and then declines after reaching a maximum value. When the local swelling becomes global, fracture aperture starts to rebound. However, when the matrix permeability is larger, the fracture aperture decreases before recovering to a higher value and remaining constant. Gas mixtures containing more carbon dioxide lead to larger closure of fracture aperture compared with those containing more nitrogen.
Parental Guidance and Children’s Healthy Food Consumption: Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior with Interpersonal Communication Antecedents

The study of parenting practices on child food consumption has often been characterized as having great utility but lacking in theory. In contrast, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) has often been suggested to be limited in its utility. To address these gaps, interpersonal constructs – the concepts of active parental guidance (e.g., nutrition education) and restrictive parental guidance (e.g., rule-setting) – were integrated as antecedents to the original TPB variables in predicting child fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption. We surveyed 210 child/adolescent participants, aged between 10 and 16 in Singapore. Results from structural equation modeling showed that the integrative TPB model displayed an acceptable fit. Parental active guidance was associated with all three proximal predictors of behavior. Our results suggest that there are promising contributions to the theory of planned behavior in predicting child food consumption behavior by considering interpersonal antecedents.
Antecedents of Maternal Rejection Across Cultures: An Examination of Child Characteristics

Maternal rejection may be associated with individual child characteristics. This relationship may vary across cultures. This study aimed to identify group differences in maternal rejection as well as child characteristics. We also explored the moderating role of culture in influencing the relations between child characteristics and maternal rejection. In total, 153 mothers with a child aged 3 to 6 years participated in the survey. Participants were from the East Coast of the United States (N = 48); Seoul, Korea (N = 65); and Japan (Tokyo and Saitama) (N = 40). American mothers perceived their children to be more active and extroverted than did Korean mothers, who perceived their children to be better at controlling their behavior than American and Japanese mothers. American mothers reported significantly higher levels of their children’s behavior problems than Korean and Japanese mothers. It was observed that culture moderated the relations between child factors (e.g., effortful control and internalizing problems) and maternal rejection. These findings suggest that culture influences the association between child characteristics (temperament and behavior) and maternal rejection.
Faster Random k-CNF Satisfiability

We describe an algorithm to solve the problem of Boolean CNF-Satisfiability when the input formula is chosen randomly. We build upon the algorithms of Sch{o}ning 1999 and Dantsin et al.~in 2002. The Sch{o}ning algorithm works by trying many possible random assignments, and for each one searching systematically in the neighborhood of that assignment for a satisfying solution. Previous algorithms for this problem run in time $O(2^{n (1- \Omega(1)/k)})$. Our improvement is simple: we count how many clauses are satisfied by each randomly sampled assignment, and only search in the neighborhoods of assignments with abnormally many satisfied clauses. We show that assignments like these are significantly more likely to be near a satisfying assignment. This improvement saves a factor of $2^{n \Omega(\lg^2 k)/k}$, resulting in an overall runtime of $O(2^{n (1- \Omega(\lg^2 k)/k)})$ for random $k$-SAT.
Relationship between pulmonary function tests, sputum eosinophilia and total serum IgE levels among asthmatic patients in Duhok, Iraq

Background: Bronchial asthma is a disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, airway inflammation; and hyper-responsiveness. The prevalence of asthma is high, and both its prevalence and burden have increased over the last several decades. The study of inflammatory markers has implications for the appropriate management of this disease. Inflammatory markers has implications for the appropriate management of this disease. Objective of the study is to determine the correlation between asthma severity using pulmonary function tests with sputum eosinophilia and total serum IgE levels.Methods: This case-control study was conducted from March 2017 to September 2018 in the respiratory unit of Azadi general teaching hospital. It included 42 asthmatic patients and 18 healthy subjects. They underwent pulmonary function tests and measurement of total serum IgE levels. Induced sputum was done for asthmatic patients.Results: The age of asthmatic patients ranged from 16-70 years (mean 42±19 years). The asthmatic patient’s female: male ratio was 1.8. Mild asthma was the most common severity group (N=18, 43%) followed by moderate asthma (N=14, 33%) then severe asthma (N=10, 24%). Abnormal sputum eosinophilia (≥3%) was detected in 90% of severe asthma (N=9) compared to 36% in moderate asthma (N=5) and 5.6% in mild asthma (N=1). There was significant statistical association between asthma severity and sputum eosinophilia (p=0.00004). The association between asthma severity and total serum IgE levels was highly significant (p<0.0000) with levels of total serum IgE increasing as the severity of asthma increases.Conclusions: Severe asthma is the least common severity group in this study. Both abnormal sputum eosinophilia and total serum IgE levels are associated with the severity of asthma.
Does closing the eyes enhance auditory attention? Eye closure increases attentional alpha-power modulation but not listening performance

In challenging listening conditions, closing the eyes is a strategy with intuitive appeal to improve auditory attention and perception. On the neural level, closing the eyes increases the power of alpha oscillations (~10 Hz), which are a prime signature of auditory attention. Here, we test whether eye closure benefits neural and behavioural signatures of auditory attention and perception. Participants (N = 22) attended to one of two alternating streams of spoken numbers with open or closed eyes in a darkened chamber. After each trial, participants indicated whether probes had been among the to-be-attended or to-be-ignored numbers. In the electroencephalogram, alpha power was modulated in synchrony with auditory attending versus ignoring. Importantly, eye closure did not only increase the overall level of absolute alpha power but also the attentional modulation thereof. Behaviourally, however, neither perceptual sensitivity nor response criterion was affected by eye closure. To further examine whether this behavioural null-result would conceptually replicate in a simple auditory detection task, a follow-up experiment was conducted that required participants (N = 19) to detect a near-threshold target tone in noise. As in the main experiment, our results provide evidence for the absence of any difference in perceptual sensitivity and criterion for open versus closed eyes. In sum, we demonstrate here that the modulation of the human alpha rhythm by auditory attention is increased when participants close their eyes. However, our results speak against the widely held belief that eye closure per se improves listening behaviour.
Dynamical evolution of magnetic fields in the intracluster medium

We investigate the evolution of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters starting from constant primordial fields using highly resolved ($\approx \rm 4 ~kpc$) cosmological MHD simulations. The magnetic fields in our sample exhibit amplification via a small-scale dynamo and compression during structure formation. In particular, we study how the spectral properties of magnetic fields are affected by mergers, and we relate the measured magnetic energy spectra to the dynamical evolution of the intracluster medium. The magnetic energy grows by a factor of $\sim$ 40-50 in a time-span of $\sim 9$ Gyr and equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energy occurs on a range of scales ($< 160 \rm ~kpc$ at all epochs) depending on the turbulence state of the system. We also find that, in general, the outer scale of the magnetic field and the MHD scale are not simply correlated in time. The effect of major mergers is to shift the peak magnetic spectra to it smaller scales, whereas the magnetic amplification only starts after $\lesssim$ 1 Gyr. In contrast, continuous minor mergers promote the steady growth of the magnetic field. We discuss the implications of these findings in the interpretation of future radio observations of galaxy clusters.
Project-Based Learning as a Method for Interdisciplinary Adaptation to Climate Change—Reda Valley Case Study

The challenges of the global labour market require university authorities to extend traditional forms of education into more innovative and effective solutions. Project-based learning (PjBL) is one of highly effective methods for acquiring knowledge and teaching “soft” skills to future employees. This article describes an experimental use of PjBL at a university with a long history of teaching based on traditional methods—the Gdansk University of Technology. The experiment was conducted in the academic year 2017–2018, in collaboration with the city of Wejherowo. The project’s main goal was to solve the city’s real problems related to climate change, land development and water management. The project was implemented experimentally as part of two subjects: spatial planning, and monitoring and environmental management to ensure an interdisciplinary approach and cover the scope of the project fully. The results of the experiment confirmed the evidence-based advantages of PjBL. However, several methodological, organisational and technical problems, which need to be resolved before a new edition starts, were encountered during the experimental implementation of the method. The experiment was positively received by students, clients, and tutors. To evaluate the impact of PjBL on spatial planning education, the new edition must include a methodological framework for evaluation.
Oxygen Atom Reactions with C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2 in Ices

Oxygen atom addition and insertion reactions may provide a pathway to chemical complexity in ices that are too cold for radicals to diffuse and react. We have studied the ice-phase reactions of photoproduced oxygen atoms with C2 hydrocarbons under ISM-like conditions. The main products of oxygen atom reactions with ethane are ethanol and acetaldehyde; with ethylene are ethylene oxide and acetaldehyde; and with acetylene is ketene. The derived branching ratio from ethane to ethanol is ∼0.74 and from ethylene to ethylene oxide is ∼0.47. For all three hydrocarbons, there is evidence of an effectively barrierless reaction with O(1D) to form oxygen-bearing organic products; in the case of ethylene, there may be an additional barriered contribution of the ground-state O(3P) atom. Thus, oxygen atom reactions with saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons are a promising pathway to chemical complexity even at very low temperatures where the diffusion of radical species is thermally inaccessible.
On Using Retrained and Incremental Machine Learning for Modeling Performance of Adaptable Software: An Empirical Comparison

Given the ever-increasing complexity of adaptable software systems and their commonly hidden internal information (e.g., software runs in the public cloud), machine learning based performance modeling has gained momentum for evaluating, understanding and predicting software performance, which facilitates better informed self-adaptations. As performance data accumulates during the run of the software, updating the performance models becomes necessary. To this end, there are two conventional modeling methods: the retrained modeling that always discard the old model and retrain a new one using all available data; or the incremental modeling that retains the existing model and tunes it using one newly arrival data sample. Generally, literature on machine learning based performance modeling for adaptable software chooses either of those methods according to a general belief, but they provide insufficient evidences or references to justify their choice. This paper is the first to report on a comprehensive empirical study that examines both modeling methods under distinct domains of adaptable software, 5 performance indicators, 8 learning algorithms and settings, covering a total of 1,360 different conditions. Our findings challenge the general belief, which is shown to be only partially correct, and reveal some of the important, statistically significant factors that are often overlooked in existing work, providing evidence-based insights on the choice.
RecSys-DAN: Discriminative Adversarial Networks for Cross-Domain Recommender Systems

Data sparsity and data imbalance are practical and challenging issues in cross-domain recommender systems (RSs). This paper addresses those problems by leveraging the concepts which derive from representation learning, adversarial learning, and transfer learning (particularly, domain adaptation). Although various transfer learning methods have shown promising performance in this context, our proposed novel method RecSys-DAN focuses on alleviating the cross-domain and within-domain data sparsity and data imbalance and learns transferable latent representations for users, items, and their interactions. Different from the existing approaches, the proposed method transfers the latent representations from a source domain to a target domain in an adversarial way. The mapping functions in the target domain are learned by playing a min–max game with an adversarial loss, aiming to generate domain indistinguishable representations for a discriminator. Four neural architectural instances of ResSys-DAN are proposed and explored. Empirical results on real-world Amazon data show that, even without using labeled data (i.e., ratings) in the target domain, RecSys-DAN achieves competitive performance as compared to the state-of-the-art supervised methods. More importantly, RecSys-DAN is highly flexible to both unimodal and multimodal scenarios, and thus it is more robust to the cold-start recommendation which is difficult for the previous methods.
Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) versus Submerged Fermentation (SmF) for the Recovery of Cellulases from Coffee Husks: A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Based Comparison

This article studies the environmental impacts of cellulase production by using a comparative attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of two different scenarios of production. The first one is the commonly used submerged fermentation (SmF) using a pure substrate (cellulose powder) and a specific microorganism (Trichoderma reesei). The second scenario considers a novel system to produce enzymes and simultaneously treat a waste using the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process of coffee husk (CH) used as substrate. Experimental data were used in this scenario. The complete production process was studied for these two technologies including the fermentation phase and the complete downstream of cellulase. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data were collected from the database EcoInvent v3 (SimaPro 8.5) modified by data from literature and pilot scale experiments. The environmental impacts of both production systems revealed that those of SmF were higher than those of SSF. A sensitivity analysis showed that the results are highly conditioned by the energy use in the form of electricity during lyophilization, which is needed in both technologies. The results point to a possible alternative to produce the cellulase enzyme while reducing environmental impacts.
Hot Accretion Flow around Neutron Stars

We perform for the first time hydrodynamic simulations to study the properties of hot accretion flow (HAF) around a neutron star (NS). The energy carried by the HAF will eventually be radiated out at the surface of the NS. The emitted photons can propagate inside the HAF and cool the HAF via Comptonization. We find that the Compton cooling can affect the properties of the HAF around an NS significantly. We define the Eddington accretion rate as , with LEdd and c being the Eddington luminosity and the speed of light, respectively. We define as the mass accretion rate at the NS surface in units of . When , Compton cooling can effectively cool the HAF and suppress wind. Therefore, the mass accretion rate is almost a constant with radius. The density profile is ρ ∝ r−1.4. When , the Compton cooling effects become weaker, wind becomes stronger, and accretion rate is proportional to r0.3–0.5. Consequently, the density profile becomes flatter, . When , the Compton cooling effects can be neglected. We find that with the same accretion rate, the temperature of the HAF around an NS is significantly lower than that of the HAF around a black hole (BH). Also, the Compton y-parameter of the HAF around an NS is significantly smaller than that of the HAF around a BH. This result predicts that the HAF around an NS will produce a softer spectrum compared to the HAF around a BH, which is consistent with observations.