Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congestion management by optimising FACTS device location

FACTS devices such as thyristor controlled series compensators and thyristor controlled phase angle regulators, by controlling the power flows in the network, can help to reduce the flows in heavily loaded lines resulting in an increased loadability of the network and reduced cost of production. Congestion management using FACTS devices requires a two step approach. First, the optimal location of these devices in the network must be ascertained and then, the settings of their control parameters optimised. This paper presents the development of simple and efficient models for optimal location of FACTS devices that can be used for congestion management by controlling their parameters optimally. Three different objectives have been considered and the results are compared. The effectiveness of the purposed methods is demonstrated on a 5-bus system and a 75-bus Indian system.
A high reliability, low cost, interleaved bridge converter

The interleaved bridge topology is introduced. This topology uses two transformers in series to act as both inductor and transformer, allowing zero voltage resonant transition switching for high-frequency, low-loss operation. High frequency reduces the requirement for large filter capacitors, as well as reducing the size of the magnetics. Costs are reduced by trading electrolytic capacitors for ceramic capacitors, which also improves reliability. Costs are also reduced by eliminating gate driving isolation transformers and snubbers. Experimental results compare favorably with those for previous designs and costs. <<ETX>>
The three-level ZVS-PWM DC-to-DC converter

A novel high-frequency DC-to-DC power converter for high voltage and high power is introduced which features zero voltage switching (ZVS), operation at constant frequency, regulation by pulse width modulation (PWM), and low RMS current stress upon power switches. Its greatest attribute, in comparison with the full-bridge (FB-ZVS-PWM) converter, is that the voltage across the switches is half of the input voltage, This property is achieved due to the use of a three-level leg in place of the conventional two-switch leg. Operation, analysis, design procedure and example, and simulation are presented. A prototype operating at 100 kHz, rated at 600 V input voltage, and 1.5 kW output power and 25 A output current has been fabricated and successfully tested in the laboratory. The measured efficiency at full load was 93%. >
Post Occupancy Evaluation of students' Hostel Facilities in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi

© 2021 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License Abstract. The study aimed to assess the level of students' satisfaction with the hostel facilities in the Gubi Campus of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi to evaluate the performance of the hostels. A survey approach was used to collect relevant data for the study. Two hundred forty-three students were selected to participate in the study using a systematic random sampling strategy. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the students were delighted with the alternative power supply, artificial lighting, and the room's natural lighting. It was also found that students were dissatisfied with the bathroom facilities, handheld fire extinguishers and toilet facilities. The result of the ANOVA revealed that there is no significant difference among the students occupying different blocks of hostels regarding their satisfaction with the facilities provided similarly. The t-test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in satisfaction with the hostel facilities offered.
Miniaturisation and harmonic suppression of the branch-line hybrid coupler

In this article, two compact structures of the branch-line hybrid coupler (BLC) which can suppress upper order harmonics of the conventional BLC are proposed. By replacing the microstrip transmission lines at any electrical length of the conventional BLC with their equivalent new T-type transmission lines, two compact BLCs that can suppress upper order harmonics are achieved. Design equations of the proposed T-type line are achieved by ABCD matrices. To validate the design concept, first, a compact BLC which utilises a proposed T-type line in each of its branch is designed and fabricated to suppress the second to the eighth harmonics. Furthermore, the first BLC is analysed by even- and odd-mode analyses and the scattering parameter matrix of the first BLC is calculated at the first to eighth harmonics. There is an excellent agreement between simulated and measured results. Then, a compact BLC which uses two proposed T-type lines in each of its branch is designed at 1 GHz to suppress the second to the fifth harmonics and the second to sixth harmonics, simultaneously. The first- and second-proposed structures are 50% and 46% of the conventional BLC, respectively, while maintaining the characteristics of the conventional BLC at the fundamental frequency.
Alcohol and Circadian Disruption Minimally Impact Bone Properties in Two Cohorts of Male Mice While Between‐Cohort Differences Predominate: Association With Season of Birth?

Many lifestyle factors affect bone. Sleep deprivation increases risk for fractures and alcohol consumption can lead to alterations in the skeleton. How combined exposure to these two risk factors affects bone is unclear. Thus, we sought to determine the effects of circadian rhythm disruption and chronic alcohol intake on bone structure and mechanical properties in mice. A total of 120 male C57BL/6J mice were used in two cohorts of 60 mice each because of limited availability of light‐tight housing cabinets. One cohort was born in winter and the other in summer. Mice were randomly assigned to circadian disruption (weekly shifting of the light/dark cycle) and control (no shifting) groups beginning at 8 to 12 weeks of age for 12 weeks at which time mice were administered an alcohol‐containing or control diet for an additional 10 weeks. Bone structure and mechanical properties of the femur were assessed by micro‐computed tomography and three‐point bending, respectively. The initial data analysis revealed a likely cohort effect. Thus, we used a three‐way analysis of variance to assess the effects of circadian rhythm disruption, alcohol intake, and cohort. Circadian rhythm disruption alone had minimal effects on bone structure and mechanical properties. Alcohol intake reduced body mass and had minimal effects on cortical bone regardless of circadian disruption. Alcohol intake resulted in higher trabecular bone volume, but these beneficial effects were blunted when circadian rhythm was disrupted. Cohort significantly affected body size, many cortical bone structure outcomes, some trabecular bone structure outcomes, and tissue‐level material properties. Thus, cohort had the predominant effect on bone structure and mechanical properties in this study, with chronic alcohol intake and environmental circadian disruption having less consistent effects. The data indicate that season of birth may affect skeletal phenotypes and that studies requiring multiple cohorts should determine if a cohort effect exists. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SERS detection of DNA cancer with single-base mutation for KRAS-gene

We present a method based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect DNA KRAS-gene with single-base mutation. The KRAS gene belongs to the oncogenes class of genes. KRAS mutations cause normal cells to become cancerous. The detection utilizes DNA gene probes labeled by CY3 dye (as Raman marker) and plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) deposited on SERS substrates. SERS detect DNA via hybridization to the complementary DNA (target) sequences with single-base mutation. This SERS technique is a powerful tool and has a great potential gives both affectability and selectivity. Also, we utilized the Raman mapping to provide chemical information coupled with spatial information. The mapping image was obtained using scanning with three Raman bands over selected areas of the sample. The limit of detection (LOD) was accomplished down to a concentration 9 nM after the addition of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) aggregated agent, causing hot spots of the aggregated Ag NPs.
Triangulopteris lacunata gen. et sp. nov. (Centroplasthelida), a New Centrohelid Heliozoan from Soil

A new genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, Triangulopteris lacunata gen. et sp. nov. (Pterocystidae Cavalier-Smith and Heyden, 2007), from four geographically remote locations (the Crimean Peninsula, the Dnieper Lowland (the East European Plain), Franz Josef Land, and the Kolyma Lowland (North–Eastern Siberia) was examined using light and electron microscopy. The novel centrohelid is characterized by round shape, 4.3–16.3 μm in diameter, covered with two types of scales: 1.06–4.54 μm long triangular spine scales and 1.22–2.05 μm oval plate scales. Studied centrohelid heliozoan possesses a unique spine scale morphology. The base of scales is represented by a horse hoof-shaped basal plate. The inner surface and lateral wings of spine scales have numerous radial ribs with two ‘pockets’ that are located on both sides of the spine shaft. These pockets are formed by the lateral wings and ends of the basal plate. The cyst formation and transition to a spicules-bearing stage were noted. Additionally, phylogenetic tree was constructed based on SSU rRNA sequences including the strain HF-25 from the permafrost of Kolyma Lowland. The resulting phylogeny recovered it within the clade Pterista, while forming a separate sister lineage to H2 clade, which only had included freshwater environmental sequences.
Complete biosynthesis of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids guattegaumerine and berbamunine in yeast

Significance This work demonstrates microbial biosynthesis of bisbenzylisoquinoline (bisBIA) alkaloids. We show that several didomain epimerases can function in yeast to epimerize the nonnative substrate N-methylcoclaurine, an essential step in bisBIA biosynthesis. The N-methylcoclaurine epimerase activity was increased 10-fold by combining individual reductase and oxidase domains from different plant species. Strain engineering and optimization of media and growth conditions increased the bisBIA titer over 10,000-fold. We show that strains can be engineered to primarily produce one bisBIA product by selection of the cytochrome P450 variant that couples the monomer BIA subunits. We then leverage our bisBIA biosynthetic strain as a platform for the screening of other plant enzymes to produce two additional plant natural products de novo in a heterologous host. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a diverse class of medicinal plant natural products. Nearly 500 dimeric bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (bisBIAs), produced by the coupling of two BIA monomers, have been characterized and display a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiarrhythmic activities. In recent years, microbial platforms have been engineered to produce several classes of BIAs, which are rare or difficult to obtain from natural plant hosts, including protoberberines, morphinans, and phthalideisoquinolines. However, the heterologous biosyntheses of bisBIAs have thus far been largely unexplored. Here, we describe the engineering of yeast strains that produce the Type I bisBIAs guattegaumerine and berbamunine de novo. Through strain engineering, protein engineering, and optimization of growth conditions, a 10,000-fold improvement in the production of guattegaumerine, the major bisBIA pathway product, was observed. By replacing the cytochrome P450 used in the final coupling reaction with a chimeric variant, the product profile was inverted to instead produce solely berbamunine. Our highest titer engineered yeast strains produced 108 and 25 mg/L of guattegaumerine and berbamunine, respectively. Finally, the inclusion of two additional putative BIA biosynthesis enzymes, SiCNMT2 and NnOMT5, into our bisBIA biosynthetic strains enabled the production of two derivatives of bisBIA pathway intermediates de novo: magnocurarine and armepavine. The de novo heterologous biosyntheses of bisBIAs presented here provide the foundation for the production of additional medicinal bisBIAs in yeast.
PERFORMANCE OF KICKER PULSERS FOR TPS PROJECT

A set of kicker power suppliers has been designed and fabricated for storage ring beam injection of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) project. In order to fulfill the requirements, the performance of the designed units has been bench tested and the results are examined. The pulse-shape matching among four kickers, the pulse-topulse stability and the time jitter are specified according to the beam injection requirements. The engineering evaluation and the measurement results are briefly discussed.
Effect of Wall Configuration on Atomization of Rapeseed Oil Diesel Spray Impinging on the Wall

Fuel-air mixing is important process in diesel combustion. It has been well known that wall configuration of the piston affects spray atomization. Biomass fuel, that is viable alternative fuel for fossil one, needs great help of mixing to atomization because the fuel has high viscosity and high distillation temperature. This study investigates spray atomization characteristics of rapeseed oil (RO) when it impinges on the piston wall. Optical observation of RO spray was carried out using shadowgraph photography technique. The optical images and image analysis show that wall impingement effectively promotes RO spray atomization. Spray atomization is more sensitive to wall configuration for RO than diesel fuel. The wall that has flat floor at the bottom can improve atomization. It is necessary for RO spray to promote spray penetration followed by wall-impingement because long spray path offers wide spray boundary region to form droplets.
An Electronic Image Plant Growth Measurement System

ABSTRACT IN the creation and validation of plant simulation models, it is desirable to obtain experimental data of various growth response parameters of the plant. Typically, this has meant harvesting a large number of plants and destructively determining the characteristics of an '^average'' plant. Growth chamber studies with a limited population of plants do not allow destructive plant growth measurements. Futhermore, plant competition and special field studies of crop growth mechanisms are best accomplished by non-destructive analyses of individual plants. Electronic image analysis was evaluated as a method for non-destructive measure of in-situ leaf area, stem diameter, and leaf and petiole angles. These measurements were obtained using a lowcost electronic image analysis system with a personal computer.
Hybrid algorithm for traction transformer differential protection based on intrinsic mode function energy entropy and correlation dimension

This study addresses fault identification in differential protection of a V/x-type traction transformer used in a high-speed railway. To quickly and accurately identify an internal short circuit in a traction transformer, a hybrid algorithm is developed that combines intrinsic mode function (IMF) energy entropy with the correlation dimension from chaos theory. IMF energy entropy and correlation dimension are sufficiently fast and sensitive to reflect the dynamic changes in the differential-current signal from the traction transformer using different metrics; thus, this hybrid method can effectively identify an internal short circuit and magnetising inrush. Real-time simulations and actual measurements of faults illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
BIST test pattern generator for delay testing

To detect delay faults in a digital circuit requires a test sequence applied at the nominal frequency of the circuit. Built-in self-test (BIST) is a technique that provides such testing possibilities at speed, without expensive test equipments. A BIST test pattern generator (TPG) design, targeting the detection of delay faults is proposed.
Calculation of the influence of insulated bearings and insulated inner bearing seats on circulating bearing currents in machines of inverter-based drive systems

The high frequency circulating bearing current that may occur in machines of inverter-based drive systems can be reduced or even completely suppressed by use of insulated bearings or insulated inner bearing seats. The influence of the thickness of the insulating coat can be calculated as a function of several machine design parameters. The parameters of the equivalent circuit are derived from an eddy-current model. The calculation considers the transient nature of the current flow. For motors up to 500 kW rated power, a minimum thickness of the insulating coat of 250 mum is required to reduce the circulating bearing currents down to less than 30%
Concurrent product and closed-loop supply chain design with an application to refrigerators

Increased concern for the environment has lead to new techniques to design products and supply chains that are both economically and ecologically feasible. A literature study shows that many models exist to support product design and logistics separately. In our research, we develop quantitative modelling to support decision-making concerning both the design structure of a product, i.e. modularity, reparability and recyclability, and the design structure of the logistic network. Environmental impacts are measured by linear-energy and waste functions. Economic costs are modelled as linear functions of volumes with a fixed set-up component for facilities. This model is applied to a closed-loop supply chain design problem for refrigerators using real life R&D data of a Japanese consumer electronics company concerning its European operations. The model is run for different scenarios using different parameter settings such as centralized versus decentralized processing, alternative product designs, varying return quality and quantity, and potential environmental legislation based on producer responsibility.
Broadband microstrip phase shifters employing parallel stubs and ground slots

This letter describes the design of broadband microstrip phase shifters employing parallel stubs loading a main transmission line.To make these devices fully planar, a virtual short and ground slots terminating the stubs are used. The proposed design is demonstrated in examples of 45° and 22.5° phase shifters. Full‐wave simulation results show that the designed 45° phase shifter exhibits a phase shift of 45° ± 5° over the frequency band of 3–11 GHz while the 22.5° phase shifter exhibits a phase shift of 22.5° ± 2.5° over the frequency band of 3.7 to 11 GHz. These are accompanied by the return loss of about 10 dB across the same frequency ranges. The simulated performance is confirmed by experimental results which illustrate a phase shift of 45° ± 6.5° for the 45° phase shifter and 22.5° ± 2.6° for the 45° phase shifter over the frequency band of 3–11 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:723–728, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25825
Creating Brand Image Profile by Social Media Analysis

The purpose of creating a brand image profile is to measure the brand perception of consumers considering brand attributes. Thus, marketing decisions can be made based on the brand's strengths and weaknesses by determining them. The brand image profile is traditionally created using the attitude scales and surveys. However, alternative methods are needed since the questionnaires' responses are careless, the number of participants is relatively low and the cost per participant is high. In this study, as an alternative method, creating a brand image profile by analyzing social media data with artificial intelligence was made for the iPhone product. Firstly, the focus group study determined the attributes related to the last version of the iPhone. Then, between December 17th, 2019 and March 23rd, 2020, 87.227 tweets that include these attributes in English were collected from the Twitter social media platform through the RapidMiner data mining tool. Sentiment analysis was performed on collected tweets by the MeaningCloud text mining tool. In this analysis, positive and negative emotions were tried to be detected through artificial intelligence algorithms. Net Brand Reputation Score (NBR) was calculated using the positive and negative tweets amount for each attribute separately. Brand image profile was created by skew analysis using NBR values. As a result, it is thought that social media analysis can be a complementary method that can be used with traditional methods in creating a brand image profile. So, it is seen as an inevitable method to use in further studies to make sentiment analysis by processing raw data received from the Social Media platforms through artificial intelligence algorithms to transform the product label or the perspectives of an event into meaningful information.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity Is Inversely Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Rotterdam Study

INTRODUCTION: The disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases rapidly, in line with the obesity pandemic. Physical activity has been linked to a lower risk of NAFLD. However, the impact of different intensities of activity and sedentary behavior and whether their effects on NAFLD are explained by metabolic health remain unclear. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses within the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. Abdominal ultrasound and accelerometry data were collected between 2009 and 2014. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound, in the absence of secondary causes for steatosis: viral hepatitis, steatogenic drugs, and excessive alcohol. We categorized accelerometry data into sedentary time and light, moderate, and vigorous physical activities. RESULTS: We included 667 participants (aged 63.3 ± 6.3 years, 53% female individuals), and 34.3% had NAFLD. Total physical activity was associated with lower NAFLD prevalence adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors (odds ratio: 0.958 per 10 min/d, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.929–0.986). More intensive physical activity was more strongly associated with lower NAFLD prevalence: odds ratios for light, moderate, and vigorous physical activities were 0.931 (95% CI: 0.882–0.982), 0.891 (95% CI: 0.820–0.967), and 0.740 (95% CI: 0.600–0.906) per 10 min/d, respectively. These associations were explained by metabolic health, particularly homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (proportion mediated: 0.59, P < 0.001) and waist circumference (proportion mediated: 1.08, P < 0.001). Beyond this indirect effect, no direct effect could be demonstrated (P = 0.282–0.827). DISCUSSION: Physical activity at each intensity is inversely associated with NAFLD prevalence, with larger effects for higher intensities of physical activity. This association is mediated by better metabolic health, mainly lower insulin resistance and waist circumference. Physical activity should therefore be incorporated into NAFLD disease management and prevention programs.