Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locust Bean Gum の加水分解

Locust bean gum を分解または汚染のきわめてすくない方法で精製し,水溶液からメタノール濃度 30～40% 析出物として,ほぼ均質と思われる精製多糖質を分離した。 この精製ゴムを多墨もちいての完全加水分解により,実際にα-D-マンノースおよびα-D-ガラクトースを単離した。 その結果,精製時の異なる 2 試料についての成績がほぼ一致し,マンノース:ガラクトースは約 60:35 (分析値では 56:39)であり,従来の研究者よりもかなり高いガラクトース含量が確認された。 また,この糖製多糖質には, 1 次的成分として,酸性物質は含まれていないようである。
Moist static energy: definition, reference constants, a conservation law and effects on buoyancy

Atmospheric thermodynamic variables are commonly computed under approximations. Although exact formulae are available, they are rarely used. This article addresses some potential issues arising when using approximate formulae, by taking the moist static energy as an example. An important conclusion is that the temperature dependence of latent heat must be taken into account. We also demonstrate that the zero‐point energies of various species do not affect the moist static energy budget. The use of an exact formula for moist static energy increases its surface value by 15 K for a typical tropical sounding. However, the change of the parcel buoyancy on using the exact formula is less dramatic, although not negligible. Calculating, for example, the convective available potential energy (CAPE) for convection parametrization, the use of an exact formula is likely not critical for practical purposes, but quantitative discrepancies can be as large as 50–200 J kg−1.
Quantum limits to the flow of information and entropy

The quantum limits to information flow are explored developing the central concept of a medium comprising several channels through which the information flows. In each channel there is an inequality between information flow I and energy flow E I2<or=E pi /(3h(cross)ln22) a relationship which, though speculated on before or derived for only a restricted class of systems, is proven for a wide range of systems. Applications are made to the energy cost of computing and to the maximum rate of cooling, Q, which in any one channel is Q<or= pi kB2T2/(3h(cross)).
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$EVWUDFW: In image processing, the real time execution of contour tracking algorithms is a challenging operation. In fact, the detection and tracking of an edge through a sequence of images, require the performing of demanding algorithms. This paper presents the real time implementation of the two mathematical operators which we commonly use to detect edges: (i) the “gradient of Gaussian”, which is the operator mostly used in literature and (ii) the “ E operator”, a new operator which we have been using for a few years. Their algorithms are implemented on the TMS320C64x, which is a state of the art DSP in image processing applications. Timings are reported of the two algorithm implementations.
Sexual Confl ict in Mating Strategies 4

Men and women often come into confl ict over issues of mating and sex. From an evolutionary perspective, we review the literature on attitudes toward casual sex, sexual intent, sexual harassment, rape, and deception of intent and mate value. Stemming from a key diff erence in parental investment (Trivers, 1972), men tend to be relatively eager for casual sexual partners, whereas women tend to be more cautious, requiring their sexual partners to be of higher quality or committed for a longer duration. This key diff erence, in turn, sets the stage whereby men and women negotiate their confl icted interests and enact their diff ering preferred mating strategies. As each side advances and protects its own reproductive interests, the other side’s strategy is necessarily interfered with and confl ict ensues, sometimes with severe outcomes.
Perceived Academic Stress among Undergraduate Students in a Nigerian University

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the levels of perceived academic stress among undergraduate students in a University in Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select three Faculties from the fourteen Faculties in the University. Simple random sampling was used to select 427 undergraduate students from the three Faculties to participate in the study. Data on perceived academic stress were collected with the aid of the Perceived Academic Stress Scale (PASS) which was adapted from Bedewy and Gabriel (2015) and re-validated for the study. Data collected for the study were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The perceived academic stress levels of the respondents were compared on the basis of sex, age, level /year of study and Faculty /course of study. The hypotheses formulated for the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that male undergraduate students reported higher academic stress level than the females. Undergraduate students in the Faculty of Physical Sciences reported significantly higher academic stress levels than students in the Faculties of Education and Social Sciences. Final year students also reported higher academic stress than students in the first and middle years of study. There was no difference in perceived academic stress levels based on the age of the students. It was concluded that sex of student, level of study and course of study influence perception of academic stress among undergraduate students. Implications for Students’ counselling were discussed.
Extracting And Analysing Information From Patient Records In Order To Track Disease Progression Over Time A Dissertation Submitted To The University Of Manchester For The Degree Of Master Of Science In

Cancer is a disease that has caused the death of many people around the world which makes it a threat that needs to be coped with. Even though the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are a rich source of information regarding cancer, the data stored in them is mainly in free text form, which make them di cult to analyse. Thus, there is a lot of research going into the clinical domain in order to create methods for analysing the data available in the EHRs in order to improve the services provided in hospitals. In collaboration with The Christie hospital in Manchester this project aims to provide an automatic method for identifying the metastatic breast cancer patients that need to be contacted for immediate support. For this purposes a clinical text mining system for extracting and analysing information from patient records (free text) has been created. The project consists of two main parts. The first part focuses on analysing, extracting and structuring the relevant features to metastasis patient by using text mining techniques.The second part uses a classification method in order to identify the metastatic patients. Sentiment analysis has also been performed on the data since clinical narratives are written by clinicians who very often express emotions in the notes. The sentiments associated with the notes can help identifying metastasis easier. For the classification two approaches are used: rule based approach and machine learning approach. The results from rule-based approach are 83% recall and 89% precision. The machine learning approach has been evaluated with and without sentiment rankings and it has produced its better result with included sentiments, which is 76% recall and 6 85% precision. The rule-based approach has been considered the more suitable method for the purposes of the project. Further to that, it has been found that sentiments in clinical notes help to find hidden valuable information.
Influence of Invasive Species on Ecological Succession Routes in Disturbed Seasonal Dry Tropical Forests in Southeastern Mexico

Understanding the role of invasive species in ecosystem functioning represents one of the main challenges in ecology. Pteridium aquilinum is a successful cosmopolitan invasive species with negative effects on the ecological mechanisms that allow secondary succession. In this study we evaluated whether P. aquilinum favours the establishment of alternative states, as well as the effect of recovery strategies on the secondary succession. A random stratified sampling was established with three treatments, each one with at least 50 year of fern invasion and with variations on the periodicity of fires and cuttings (chapeos) vs one control without fern bracken We determined the species richness and composition, as well as the relative importance value (IVI) in each treatment. We found that P. aquilinum decreases the action of the mechanisms that allow secondary succession, particularly facilitation. The recovery strategies consist in monthly cuttings and control fires allow to recover the secondary succession and eventually, the regeneration of areas invaded by P. aquilinum. Our study has relevant implications on the ecology of alternative state, and in practical strategies to maintain tropical forests, as well as for the maintenance of environmental services and sustainability.
Building Extraction from Satellite Images Using Mask R-CNN with Building Boundary Regularization

The DeepGlobe Building Extraction Challenge poses the problem of localizing all building polygons in the given satellite images. We can create polygons using an existing instance segmentation algorithm based on Mask R-CNN. However, polygons produced from instance segmentation have irregular shapes, which are far different from real building footprint boundaries and therefore cannot be directly applied to many cartographic and engineering applications. Hence, we present a method combining Mask R-CNN with building boundary regularization. Through the experiments, we find that the proposed method and Mask R-CNN achieve almost equivalent performance in terms of accuracy and completeness. However, compared to Mask R-CNN, our method produces better regularized polygons which are beneficial in many applications
The impact of gender and location on the willingness to accept overseas assignments

Business students in two universities were queried regarding their willingness to accept international postings. In contrast to Adler’s (1984a, 19 86) findings, gender was a significant predictor when specific referent countries were identified. Country characteristics considered here included cultural distance (or the difference between the cultures of the respondent’s home country and that of the referent location) and the levels of development and political risk in the referent country. Differences among countries on indices of cultural distance and human development explained substantial variance among males and females in their willingness to accept international assignments. Political risk, however, was not significant in explaining these gender differences.
Western Hermeneutics and Inter-Religious Dialogue

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to show how contemporary Western hermeneutics may clarify certain central aims of modern inter-religious dialogues. The clarifications are four-fold in logically sequential order: first, how a hermeneutics understands what dialogue is and what it is not (Section One); second, how there is a need, at crucial times in dialogue, for the interruption of the dialogue by various hermeneutics of suspicion (Section Two); third, what are basic limits to hermeneutical-dialogical understanding; fourth, how does experiencing a limit to dialogical-hermeneutical understanding also open dialogue to new non-dialogical ways of thinking in the transcendent-immanent realm of the Infinite, the Incomprehensible, the Impassable, and even, in a relatively recent candidate for naming that realm opened at the limit, the Impossible (Section Three). The present paper is philosophical with a few theological moments. My hope is that these reflections on Western hermeneutics may serve as a modest heuristic guide for inter-religious dialogues.
The role of digital channels in industrial marketing communications

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate industrial marketing communications tools and the role of digital channels. The research draws from the literature on industrial marketing communications to examine its goals and intended utilization in industrial firms. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical multiple case study conducted among six industrial firms examines the current state of digital marketing communications (DMC). Findings – The study gleans three research insights. First, although DMC is one of the most important industrial marketing communication tools, firms have not yet used it to its full potential. Second, firms use DMC to enhance customer relationship communications, support sales and create awareness. Third, firms have not used social media tools as a part of DMC as widely as traditional digital tools. Research limitations/implications – Although the findings mirror those in DMC literature in general and industrial marketing communications in particular, they put more.
Obscured and powerful AGN and starburst activities at z ∼3.5

Aims. Short phases of coeval powerful starburst and AGN activity during the lifetimes of the most massive galaxies are predicted by various models of galaxy formation and evolution. In spite of their recurrence and high luminosity, such events are rarely observed. Finding such systems, understanding their nature, and constraining their number density can provide key constraints to galaxy evolutionary models and insights into the interplay between starburst and AGN activities. Methods. We report the discovery of two sources at z = 3.867 and z = 3.427 that exhibit both powerful starburst and AGN activities. They benefit from multi-wavelength data from radio to X rays from the CFHTLS-D1/SWIRE/XMDS surveys. Follow-up optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and millimeter IRAM/MAMBO observations are also available. We performed a multi-wavelength analysis of their spectral energy distributions with the aim of understanding the origin of their emission and constraining their luminosities. A comparison with other composite systems at similar redshifts from the literature is also presented. Results. The AGN and starburst bolometric luminosities are ∼10 13 L� . The AGN emission dominates at X ray, optical, mid-infrared wavelengths, and probably also in the radio. The starburst emission dominates in the far-infrared. The estimated star formation rates range from 500 to 3000 M� /yr. The AGN near-infrared and X ray emissions are heavily obscured in both sources with an estimated dust extinction AV ≥ 4, and Compton-thick gas column densities. The two sources are the most obscured and most luminous AGNs detected at millimeter wavelengths currently known. Conclusions. The sources presented in this work are heavily obscured QSOs, but their properties are not fully explained by the standard AGN unification model. In one source, the ultraviolet and optical spectra suggest the presence of outflowing gas and shocks, and both sources show emission from hot dust, most likely in the vicinity of the nucleus. Evidence of moderate, AGN-driven radio activity is also found in both sources. Based on the estimated stellar and black hole masses, the two sources lie on the local MBH−Mbulge relation. To remain on this relation as they evolve, their star formation rate has to decrease or stop. Our results support evolutionary models that invoke radio feedback such as the star formation quenching mechanism, and suggest that such a mechanism might play a major role also in powerful AGNs.
PSF and non-uniformity in a monolithic , fully depleted , 4 T CMOS image sensor Conference or Workshop Item

Lateral charge diffusion is one of the main contributors to the Point Spread Function (PSF) in CMOS image sensors, due to the small depth to which they can be depleted. This can have an adverse effect on the spatial resolution of the sensor and the measured shape of the observed object. In this paper, PSF measurements are made on a novel CMOS detector capable of reverse bias and full depletion. The PSF is measured with the Virtual Knife Edge (VKE) technique at five wavelengths, from 470 nm to 940 nm, to ascertain wavelength dependence. The interand intra-pixel non-uniformity is examined to determine the difference between pixels as well as within the pixels themselves. Finally, the pixel structure is also evaluated using a 1 μm spot of light to examine the effect of the internal layout of a pixel on the sensitivity to light. These factors all impact precision astronomical measurements and so need to be understood before use in science missions.
Iterated hyper-extensions and an idempotent ultrafilter proof of Rado’s Theorem

By using nonstandard analysis, and in particular iterated hyper-extensions, we give foundations to a peculiar way of manipulating ultrafilters on the natural numbers and their pseudo-sums. The resulting formalism is suitable for applications in Ramsey theory of numbers. To illustrate the use of our technique, we give a (rather) short proof of Milliken-Taylor's Theorem, and a ultrafilter version of Rado's theorem about partition regularity of diophantine equations.
Autotrophic and heterotrophic activity in Arctic first-year sea ice: seasonal study from Malene Bight, SW Greenland

We present a study of autotrophic and heterotrophic activities of Arctic sea ice (Malene Bight, SW Greenland) as measured by 2 different approaches: (1) standard incubation techniques (H 14 CO3 - and ( 3 H)thymidine incubation) on sea ice cores brought to the laboratory and (2) cores incu- bated in situ in plastic bags with subsequent melting and measurements of changes in total O2 con- centrations. The standard incubations showed that the annual succession followed a distinctive pat- tern, with a low, almost balancing heterotrophic and autotrophic activity during February and March. This period was followed by an algal bloom in late March and April, leading to a net autotrophic com- munity. During February and March, the oxygen level in the bag incubations remained constant, validating the low balanced heterotrophic and autotrophic activity. As the autotrophic activity exceeded the heterotrophic activity in late March and April, it resulted in a significant net oxygen accumulation in the bag incubations. Integrated over the entire season, the sea ice of Malene Bight was net autotrophic with an annual net carbon fixation of 220 mg C m -2 , reflecting the net result of a sea ice-related gross primary production of 350 mg C m -2 and concurrent bacterial carbon demand of 130 mg C m -2 . Converting the O2 net exchange of the bag incubations into carbon turnover estimated an annual net carbon fixation of 1700 ± 760 mg C m -2 (mean ± SD), which was higher than the annual
Continuous bounded cohomology and applications to rigidity theory

We present a theory of continuous bounded cohomology of locally compact groups with coefficients in Banach modules. A central role is played by amenable actions, as they give rise to relatively injective resolutions. Further, we propose a substitute for the Mautner property, based on the virtual subgroup viewpoint, and we show (Theorem 6) that all compactly generated locally compact groups, e.g. finitely generated groups, satisfy it. This, together with the cohomological characterization of amenable actions, leads to a refined version of a higher degree Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre exact sequence (Theorem 13), which entails a stronger Kunneth type formula for continuous bounded cohomology in degree two. We apply this theory to general irreducible lattices in products of lo- cally compact groups: we obtain notably super-rigidity results for bounded cocycles (Theorem 16 and Corollary 23), rigidity results for actions by diffeomorphisms on the circle (Corollary 22) and vanishing of the stable commutator length (Corollary 32). More applications will be published elsewhere. In the spirit of relative homological algebra, we give for a locally com- pact second countable group G a functorial characterization of the contin- uous bounded cohomology of G with coefficients. The resolutions and the notion of relatively injective objects (Defini- tion 1.4.2) are set up in the category of continuous Banach G-modules, while the coefficients are mainly duals of separable continuous Banach G- modules (henceforth called coefficient modules), including notably separa- ble continuous unitary representations, L ∞ spaces and trivial coefficients. We emphasize that on all Banach G-modules, the G-action is isometric. If E is a coefficient module and S a regular measure G-space (see Defi- nition 1.3.1), let L ∞∗ (S, E) be the space of weak-* measurable essentially bounded maps; we consider the resolution 0 E d L ∞∗(S, E) d L ∞∗ (S 2 ,E ) d L ∞∗ (S 3 ,E ) d ···
A Fault-Tolerant Manipulator Robot Based on H2 , H∞, and Mixed H2/H∞ Markovian Controls

This paper develops a Markovian jump model to describe the fault occurrence in a manipulator robot of three joints. This model includes the changes of operation points and the probability that a fault occurs in an actuator. After a fault, the robot works as a manipulator with free joints. Based on the developed model, a comparative study among three Markovian controllers, H2 , H∞ ,a nd mixedH2 /H∞ is presented, applied in an actual manipulator robot subject to one and two consecutive faults.
Central & peripheral fatigue in male cyclists after 4, 20 & 40 km time-trials

Purpose: Few studies have assessed neuromuscular fatigue after self-paced locomotor exercise; moreover, none have assessed the degree of supraspinal fatigue. This study assessed central and peripheral fatigue after self-paced exercise of different durations. ​ Methods: Thirteen well-trained male cyclists completed 4 km, 20 km and 40 km simulated time-trials (TTs). Pre- and immediately post-TT (< 2.5 min), twitch responses from the knee-extensors to electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve and transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex were recorded to assess neuromuscular and corticospinal function. ​ Results: Time to complete 4 km, 20 km and 40 km was 6.0±0.2 min, 31.8±1.0 min and 65.8±2.2 min, at average exercise intensities of 96%, 92% and 87% of V ̇ O 2max ​ , respectively. Exercise resulted in significant reductions in maximum voluntary contraction, with no difference between TTs (–18%, –15% and –16% for 4, 20 and 40 km respectively). Greater peripheral fatigue was evident after the 4 km (40% reduction in potentiated twitch) compared to the 20 km (31%) and 40 km TTs (29%). In contrast, longer TTs were characterized by more central fatigue, with greater reductions in voluntary activation measured by motor nerve (–11% and –10% for 20 km and 40 km vs. –7% for 4 km) and cortical (–12% and –10% for 20 km and 40 km vs. –6% for 4 km) stimulation. ​ Conclusions: These data demonstrate fatigue after self-paced exercise is task-dependent, with a greater degree of peripheral fatigue after shorter, higher intensity (~6 min) TTs and more central fatigue after longer, lower intensity TTs (>30 min). peripheral fatigue after high-intensity, short-duration (~6 min) self-paced locomotor exercise is greater than lower-intensity, longer exercise bouts (>30 min), where central fatigue is exacerbated. These data are the first to demonstrate the contributions of central and peripheral processes to the fatigue observed after self-paced locomotor exercise are dependent on the duration and intensity of the exercise task.