Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Optimization of Logic Circuits based on Hybrid CMOS and CNFET Design

— There is a pressing need to explore circuit design ideas in new emerging technologies in deep-submicron in order to exploit their full potential during the early stages of their development. Carbon nanotube (CNT) based technology has significant potential to replace silicon technology sometimes in the future. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are investigated for applications in logic and sensing circuits due to their superior transport properties. CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology is better in switching speed specially for NMOS. In this work we take advantage of the high mobility transport in p-type CNTFETs and combine them with high-performance conventional n-type MOSFETs, thereby achieving the best overall performance in a hybrid configuration. This paper presents a detailed simulation based assessment of circuit performance of this technology and compares it with 32nm CMOS and 32nm CNFET technologies. It is shown that the performance of the hybrid PCNFET-NMOS configuration is better than that of the pure CMOS in terms of noise margin (32.8% higher) and power consumption (60% lower) and therefore (2.5% lower )in PDP. The performance of PCNFET-NMOS is the same of pure CNFET for noise margin, 65% lower in power consumption and 2% lower in PDP. Also this integration of a carbon nanotube on an underlying CMOS circuit achieves a large saving in area that is amenable to future nanoscale device integration.
Linking electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort including over 54 million people in England

Objectives: Describe a new England-wide electronic health record (EHR) resource enabling whole population research on Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease whilst ensuring data security and privacy and maintaining public trust. Design: Cohort comprising linked person-level records from national healthcare settings for the English population accessible within the new NHS Digital Trusted Research Environment. Setting: EHRs from primary care, hospital episodes, death registry, Covid-19 laboratory test results and community dispensing data, with further enrichment planned from specialist intensive care, cardiovascular and Covid-19 vaccination data. Participants: 54.4 million people alive on 1st January 2020 and registered with an NHS general practitioner in England. Main measures of interest: Confirmed and suspected Covid-19 diagnoses, exemplar cardiovascular conditions (incident stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and incident myocardial infarc-tion (MI)) and all-cause mortality between 1st January and 31st October 2020. Results: The linked cohort includes over 96% of the English population. By combining person-level data across national healthcare settings, data on age, sex and ethnicity are complete for over 95% of the population. Among 53.2M people with no prior diagnosis of stroke/TIA, 98,721 had an incident stroke/TIA, of which 30% were recorded only in primary care and 4% only in death registry records. Among 53.1M people with no prior history of MI, 62,966 had an incident MI, of which 8% were recorded only in primary care and 12% only in death records. A total of 959,067 people had a confirmed or suspected Covid-19 diagnosis (714,162 in primary care data, 126,349 in hospital admission records, 776,503 in Covid-19 laboratory test data and 48,433 participants in death regis-try records). While 58% of these were recorded in both primary care and Covid-19 laboratory test data, 15% and 18% respectively were recorded in only one. Conclusions: This population-wide resource demonstrates the importance of linking person-level data across health settings to maximize completeness of key characteristics and to ascertain cardiovascular events and Covid-19 diagnoses. Although established initially to support research on Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease to benefit clinical care and public health and to inform health care policy, it can broaden further to enable a very wide range of research.
Ketamine and attentional bias to threat: dynamic causal modeling of magnetoencephalographic connectivity in treatment-resistant depression

The glutamatergic modulator ketamine rapidly reduces depressive symptoms in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. While its underlying mechanism of antidepressant action is not fully understood, modulating glutamatergically-mediated connectivity appears to be a critical component moderating antidepressant response. This double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study analyzed data from 19 drug-free individuals with MDD and 15 healthy volunteers who received a single intravenous infusion of ketamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg) as well as an intravenous infusion of saline placebo. Magnetoencephalographic recordings were collected prior to the first infusion and six to nine hours after both drug and placebo infusions. During scanning, participants completed an attentional dot probe task that included emotional faces. Antidepressant response was measured across timepoints using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to measure changes in parameter estimates of connectivity via a biophysical model that included realistic local neuronal architecture and receptor channel signaling, modeling connectivity between the early visual cortex, fusiform cortex, amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus. Clinically, ketamine administration significantly reduced depressive symptoms in MDD participants. Within the model, ketamine administration led to faster gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) transmission in the early visual cortex, faster NMDA transmission in the fusiform cortex, and slower NMDA transmission in the amygdala. Ketamine administration also led to direct and indirect changes in local inhibition in the early visual cortex and inferior frontal gyrus and to indirect increases in cortical excitability within the amygdala. Finally, reductions in depressive symptoms in MDD participants post-ketamine were associated with faster -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) transmission and increases in gain control of spiny stellate cells in the early visual cortex. These findings provide additional support for the GABA and NMDA inhibition and disinhibition hypotheses of depression and support the role of AMPA throughput in ketamine's antidepressant effects.
Associations between Health Literacy and Sociodemographic Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia Utilising the HLS-M-Q18

Health literacy is progressively seen as an indicator to describe a nation's health status. To improve health literacy, countries need to address health inequalities by examining different social demographic factors across the population. This assessment is crucial to identify and evaluate strengths and limitations of a country in addressing health issues. By addressing these health inequalities, a country would be better informed to take necessary steps to improve the nation's health literacy. This study examines health literacy levels in Malaysia and analyses socio-demographic factors that are associated with health literacy. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using the HLS-M-Q18 instrument which was validated for the Malaysian population. Multi-stage random sampling strategy was used in this study utilising several sampling techniques including quota sampling, cluster sampling and simple random sampling to allow random data collection. A total of 855 respondents were sampled. Results found significant associations between health literacy and age, health status and health problems. Findings also suggest that lower health literacy levels were found to be associated with the younger generation. The findings of this study have provided baseline data of the health literacy of Malaysians and provide evidence toward potential areas of intervention.
Estimating VO2peak in 18-91 year-old adults: Development and validation of the FitMax - Questionnaire

Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness plays an essential role in health outcomes and quality of life. Objective assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness is costly, labour intensive and not widely available. Although patient-reported outcome measures estimate cardiorespiratory fitness more cost-efficiently, the current questionnaires lack accuracy. The aim of this study is to develop and validate the FitMax(C)-questionnaire, a self-reported questionnaire to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthcare. Methods: We developed the FitMax(C)-questionnaire, consisting of three questions assessing walking, stair climbing, and cycling capacity. A comparison on estimating VO2peak was made with the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing as the gold standard. A total of 716 patients and athletes (520 men, 196 women) aged 18-91 performed a CPET in our hospital. We randomly selected 70% of the subjects to fit a linear regression model to estimate VO2peak based on the FitMax(C) scores. The remaining 30% of participants was used for validation of this model. Results: The VO2peak estimated by the FitMax(C) strongly correlates with the VO2peak measured objectively with CPET; r=0.95 (0.93-0.96) SEE=3.94 ml*kg-1*min-1. Bias between predicted and measured VO2peak was 0.32 ml{middle dot}kg-1{middle dot}min-1 and the 95% limits of agreement were -8.11 - 9.40 ml*kg-1*min-1. In our sample, the FitMax(C) scored superiorly on correlation and SEE compared with those from the DASI and VSAQ, r=0.80 (0.73-0.86) SEE=4.22 ml*kg-1*min-1 and r=0.88 (0.84-0.91) SEE=6.61 ml*kg-1*min-1, respectively. Conclusion: FitMax(C) is a valid and accessible questionnaire to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness expressed as VO2peak and shows substantial improvement compared to currently used questionnaires.
A Nanostructure Based Electrochemical Sensor for Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of L‐Cysteine in the Presence of High Concentration of Folic Acid

This study describes the development, electrochemical characterization and utilization of 8,9-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12H-benzothiazolo [2,3-b]quinazolin-12-one (DMBQ)/ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/Nps)-carbon paste electrode (DMBQ/ZnO/NPs/CPE) as a modified sensor for the electrocatalytic determination of cysteine (Cys) in the presence of folic acid (FA). ZnO/NPs was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The prepared DMBQ/ZnO/NPs/CPE was developed as a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for determination of Cys in the presence of FA in real samples. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) of Cys exhibited linear dynamic range with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.05 µmol/L.
Estimation of the debye temperature of diamond‐like semiconducting compounds from bulk modul and microhardness

The reliability of estimation of Debye temperature θD evaluated from bulk modul and microhardness is proved for semiconductors with diamond, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite structure. The known linear relations available from the literature do not yield a reasonable agreement between experimental and calculated Debye temperatures. As in the case of the Lindemann rule a better approximation is obtained by use of a more general relation θD = a1x + a2. The constants a1 and a2 are calculated for the substances under consideration. Unknown Debye temperatures are calculated. Die Zuverlassigkeit einer Abschatzung der Debyetemperatur θD mittels Kompressions-modul und Mikroharte wird fur Halbleiter mit Diamant-, Sphalerit- und Chalkopyritstruktur untersucht. Die aus der Literatur bekannten linearen Beziehungen ergeben keine vernunftige Ubereinstimmung von experimentellen und berechneten Debyetemperaturen. Wie im Falle der Lindemannregel erhalt man eine bessere Naherung mit der allgemeineren Beziehung θD = a1x + a2. Die Konstanten a1 und a2 werden fur die betrachteten Substanzen bestimmt. Unbekannte Debyetemperaturen werden berechnet.
Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of brines - comparing isotope ratio mass spectrometry and isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy

Today’s standard analytical methods for high precision stable isotope analysis of fluids are gas-water equilibration and high temperature pyrolysis coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS). In recent years, relatively new laser-based analytical instruments entered the market that are said to allow high isotope precision data on nearly every media. This optical technique is referred to as isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the capability of this new instrument type for highly saline solutions and a comparison of the analytical results with traditional IRMS analysis.
Applications of High Voltage Power Supplies in the Purification of Water

High voltage treatment technology has been developed in this thesis and had initially shown promise in its effectiveness in reducing microorganisms found in water supplies. Initial testing found that the high voltage could destroy over 99.9% of the bacteria S. marcescens (a 3-log reduction). Cited literature on the effects of high voltage pulsed electric fields (PEFs) on various microorganisms have shown that high destruction rates of up to 9-log can be achieved. Thus by increasing the electric field strength or exposure time, or by improving the design of the electrode flow chamber, better results should be achieved using high voltage on water. However, contrary to this, upon further design improvements the 99.9% destruction threshold was rarely increased. The initial slow flow device of one litre-per-minute (1 LPM) was scaled up to flows of 10 LPM and 33 LPM. However, these faster flow devices were even less effective in the destruction of bacteria, destroying only 99% of S. marcescens (2-log reduction). No physical or technical design parameters could account for this low performance. One possible reason for these low results was in the preparation of the bacteria themselves. It was discovered that the growth stage of bacteria prepared for experiments had a large effect on the results. Bacteria harvested in the early growth stage could be nearly all destroyed by the high voltage (>4-log reduction), whereas those harvested in the late stationary stage were much more resistant (<0.5-log reduction). Bacteria naturally occurring in water supplies will mostly be in a non-metabolising state. This implies that they will be more resistant to high voltage exposure than bacteria grown in a laboratory under standard testing procedures. Thus standard testing procedures for this device do not give accurate results. Further research into the mechanism behind the bacterial resistance is required to improve the performance of high voltage devices. A combination of different technologies may also prove effective in overcoming the resistance mechanism. These improvements are required before high voltage treatment can be properly developed and commercially exploited.
Competition Kinetics of the Nonbranched-Chain Addition of Free Radicals to Olefins, Formaldehyde, and Oxygen

Five reaction schemes are suggested for the initiated nonbranched-chain addition of free radicals to the multiple bonds of alkenes, formaldehyde, and oxygen. The schemes include reactions competing with chain propagation through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in these schemes involves three or four types of free radicals. One of them— C H 2 = C ( C H 3 ) • C H 2 , C H 2 = C H • C H O H , H • C = O , 𝑜 − C H 3 C 6 H 4 C H 2 O • 4 , or H O • 4 —is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. Based on the suggested schemes, nine rate equations containing one to three parameters to be determined directly are set up using quasi-steady-state treatment. These equations provide good fits for the nonmonotonic (peaking) dependences of the formation rates of the molecular addition products (1 : 1 adducts) on the concentration of the unsaturated component in liquid homogeneous binary systems consisting of a saturated component (hydrocarbon, alcohol, etc.) and an unsaturated component (olefin, formaldehyde, or dioxygen). The unsaturated compound in these systems is both a reactant and an autoinhibitor generating low-reactive free radicals. A similar kinetic description is applicable to nonbranched-chain free-radical hydrogen oxidation. The energetics of the key radical-molecule reactions is considered.
Preparation of Technetium Metal for Transmutation into Ruthenium

Methods for fabricating Tc metal through reduction of ammonium pertechnetate or technetium dioxide by hydrogen, as well as through thermal decomposition of pertechnetates with organic cations, are sur- veyed. The kinetics and mechanisms of corresponding heterogeneous processes are described. Metallic techne- tium is shown to be a candidate for neutron-driven transmutation to stable ruthenium.
Effect of hyperbranched poly(ester amine) additive on electrospinning of low concentration poly(methyl methacrylate) solutions

Electrospinning of low concentration polymer solutions has the advantage of producing fibers with small diameters, but unfortunately beaded fibers are often observed. This article reports the use of hyperbranched poly(ester amine) (PEA) as an additive for low concentration polymer solutions to eliminate beads and improve the fiber uniformity. Electrospinning of low concentration poly(methyl methacrylate) solutions was investigated. With only 1 wt % hyperbranched PEA, the fiber uniformity was significantly improved. The principle of improvement was investigated by measuring the solution properties, and it is inferred that the improvement is attributed to the significant increase in solution conductivity. The solution viscosity and surface tension only change slightly. The versatility of this approach was demonstrated by electrospinning low concentration solutions of two other polymers: polystyrene and polyoxymethylene. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Cold flow test of a new high-pressure nozzle bank for Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser

A new nozzle bank for an ejector-chemical oxygen-iodine laser consisted of two dimensional slit nozzles with a trip-jet mixing system was designed, fabricated, and tested in cold flow operation regime. Horizontal Pitot scan demonstrated that the mixing ability of the trips is excellent. Mach number of the mixed flow was slightly smaller than 3. The average Pitot pressure at the laser cavity was more than 100 Torr. Back pressure tests were conducted and revealed that the static pressure in the cavity was remained constant at about 10 Torr until the back pressure in the supersonic diffuser breaks and cavity unstarts at about 80 Torr.
Vibration–rotational Einstein coefficients for HF/DF and HCl/DCl

The experimentally based dipole‐moment functions have been combined with the best Rydberg–Klein–Rees potentials to calculate the vibration–rotational Einstein coefficients for HF, DF, HCl, and DCl. Calculations were done for the Δv=1, 2, and 3 transitions for v≤6 for HF and v≤7 for HCl, which are in the range of the internuclear distance, r, for which the dipole moment functions are valid. The calculations were done for J≤25 for each v level. The higher v levels of HF were investigated using a Pade extrapolation of the experimental dipole function and a recently published ab initio function. Our Δv=1 Einstein coefficients for HF agree closely with those from an earlier experimentally based dipole function and with the new ab initio results for v≤6. Our results for HCl, however, represent a significant improvement over the Einstein coefficients currently in the literature. The isotopic ratio of Einstein coefficients for the Δv=1 transitions, ADX/AHX, were not changed significantly. Also, the changes in the.
Prediction for swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite

Compacted bentonites are attracting greater attention as back-filling (buffer) materials for high-level nuclear waste repositories. For this purpose, it is very important to quantitatively evaluate the swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite. New equations for evaluating the relationship between the swelling deformation of compacted bentonite and the distance between two montmorillonite layers are derived. New equations for evaluating the ion concentration of pore water and the specific surface of bentonite, which significantly influence the swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite, are proposed. Furthermore, a prediction method for the swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite is presented by combining the new equations with the well-known theorectical equations of repulsive and attractive forces between two montmorillonite layers. The applicability of this method was investigated by comparing the predicted results with laboratory test results on the swelling deformation and swelling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOLECULAR SIMULATION First-principles study of Rashba effect in the (LaAlO3)2/(SrTiO3)2

We have performed first-principles density functional calculations for superlattice composed of two oxide insulators, (LaAlO3)2/(SrTiO3)2. Calculated band structures show interface-induced metallic states. We found electron doping in the TiO2 layer at LaO interface and hole doping in the AlO2 layer at SrO interface. Due to the built-in electric field at the interface, the interface states show spin splitting and vortex-like spin textures in momentum space, i.e. Rashba effect. Calculated Rashba coefficient aR, 12. 6meVÅ, is of the same order as that of the experimental value.
A comprehensive kinetic model for high‐temperature free radical production of styrene/methacrylate/acrylate resins

n-Butyl methacrylate/styrene/n-butyl acrylate (BMA/ST/BA) high-temperature starved-feed solution semibatch copolymerization and terpolymerization experiments with varying monomer feed composition, final polymer content, monomer feed time, and reaction temperature were carried out. A comprehensive mechanistic terpolymerization model implemented in PREDICI includes methacrylate depropagation, acrylate backbiting, chain scission, and macromonomer propagation, as well as penultimate chain-growth and termination kinetics. The generality of the model was verified by comparison with terpolymerization data sets from two laboratories that demonstrate the impact of high-temperature secondary reactions on polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011