Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mode of Birth and Infant Outcomes: A Review of Literature

Mode of birth (MOB), differentiated as either spontaneous vaginal, instrument vaginal, or cesarean (emergency or planned), has the potential to have lasting repercussions for the infant, as well as the mother – which then can also affect the newborn. A woman’s postpartum lack of mobility (as in the case of cesarean birth, or epidural usage) and/or pain can affect her ability to care for her infant, which in turn may risk not meeting the physical (specifically, nutrition and hygiene) or emotional needs of her baby. For the neonate, normal adaptation includes respiratory, circulatory, thermoregulatory and metabolic changes. In an otherwise healthy pregnancy, the addition of labor interventions can increase the risk of a difficult transition to extra uterine life for the newborn [1, 2]. Cesarean births are now approximately 32% of all births in the United States [3]. This rise does not appear to be related to an increase in pregnancy risk factors [4].
Optimum design and local structural analysis of the power yacht based on micro-genetic algorithm

The optimum design of bow structure of power yacht belongs to the non-linear constrained optimisation problems. The determination of scantlings for the bow structure is a very important issue within the whole structural design process. The derived design results are obtained by the use of real-coded micro-genetic algorithm including evaluation from Lloyd's Register small craft guideline, so that the nominal limiting stress requirement can be satisfied. In this study, the minimum volume design of bow structure on the power yacht was carried out based on the finite element analysis. The target model for optimum design and local structural analysis is the bow structure of a power yacht. The volume of bow structure and the main dimensions of structural members are chosen as an objective function and design variable, respectively. During optimisation procedure, finite element analysis was performed to determine the constraint parameters at each iteration step of the optimisation loop. Optimisation results were compared with a pre-existing design and it was possible to reduce approximately 19% of the total steel volume of bow structure from the previous design for the power yacht.
Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases — In Progress

Classification is fundamental to science and a standard classification of diseases and injury is essential for the systematic statistical study of illness and death. This was recognised as early as the seventeenth century when such studies started and in 1853 Dr William Farr of London and Marc d'Espine of Geneva were entrusted with the task of preparing ‘a uniform nomenclature of causes of death applicable to all countries’. This led eventually to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD). In 1948, when the World Health Organization (WHO) was created, the newborn agency was asked to review and revise the classification regularly. The ICD is now undergoing its tenth revision.
Proposal of a Model Supporting Decision-Making Based On Multi-Objective Optimization Analysis on Information Security Risk Treatment

— Management is required to understand all information security risks within an organization, and to make decisions on which information security risks should be treated in what level by allocating how much amount of cost. However, such decision-making is not usually easy, because various measures for risk treatment must be selected with the suitable application levels. In addition, some measures may have objectives conflicting with each other. It also makes the selection difficult. Moreover, risks generally have trends and it also should be considered in risk treatment. Therefore, this paper provides the extension of the model proposed in the previous study. The original model supports the selection of measures by applying a combination of weighted average method and goal programming method for multi-objective analysis to find an optimal solution. The extended model includes the notion of weights to the risks, and the larger weight means the priority of the risk.
Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses identify a family of chlorhexidine efflux proteins

Significance Drug resistance is an increasing problem in clinical settings with some bacterial pathogens now resistant to virtually all available drugs. Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antiseptic and disinfectant in hospital environments, and there is increasing resistance to chlorhexidine seen in some pathogenic bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. This paper examines the global gene expression of A. baumannii in response to chlorhexidine exposure and identifies a gene that we demonstrate to mediate chlorhexidine resistance. Biochemical investigation reveals that this gene encodes a previously uncharacterized type of drug efflux pump that actively transports chlorhexidine out of the cell. Chlorhexidine is widely used as an antiseptic or disinfectant in both hospital and community settings. A number of bacterial species display resistance to this membrane-active biocide. We examined the transcriptomic response of a representative nosocomial human pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, to chlorhexidine to identify the primary chlorhexidine resistance elements. The most highly up-regulated genes encoded components of a major multidrug efflux system, AdeAB. The next most highly overexpressed gene under chlorhexidine stress was annotated as encoding a hypothetical protein, named here as AceI. Orthologs of the aceI gene are conserved within the genomes of a broad range of proteobacterial species. Expression of aceI or its orthologs from several other γ- or β-proteobacterial species in Escherichia coli resulted in significant increases in resistance to chlorhexidine. Additionally, disruption of the aceI ortholog in Acinetobacter baylyi rendered it more susceptible to chlorhexidine. The AceI protein was localized to the membrane after overexpression in E. coli. This protein was purified, and binding assays demonstrated direct and specific interactions between AceI and chlorhexidine. Transport assays using [14C]-chlorhexidine determined that AceI was able to mediate the energy-dependent efflux of chlorhexidine. An E15Q AceI mutant with a mutation in a conserved acidic residue, although unable to mediate chlorhexidine resistance and transport, was still able to bind chlorhexidine. Taken together, these data are consistent with AceI being an active chlorhexidine efflux protein and the founding member of a family of bacterial drug efflux transporters.
A two-stage rank selection scheme in downlink CoMP transmission networks

This paper considers a downlink Coordinated Multi Point (CoMP) transmission network, where the base stations (BSs) are connected to a central unit via backhaul links to serve mobile users (MUs). The objective is to jointly optimize the BS mode (active or sleep), MU association, and cooperative beamforming to minimize the total power consumption including backhauling power. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer non-convex problem under the constraints of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements and limited BS power. By exploiting a hidden convexity structure of the SINR, the problem is first transformed equivalently into a mixed-integer second-order core programming (MI-SOCP) problem. Due to the coupled integer variables, the complexity of exhaustive search grows exponentially with network size, which motivates developing low-complexity heuristic algorithms. We propose a novel Two-stage Rank Selection (TRS) method to approximately solve the coupled MI-SOCP problem by determining the BS operation mode and MU association successively, which enables the remaining beamforming computation to be achieved through an efficient SOCP solution. We compare the computational complexity and numerical performance of TRS against several state-of-the-art alternatives. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce the computational complexity and the total power consumption over existing alternatives.
The relationship between creativity and ego development.

Summary Fifty-eight female undergraduate students were administered the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), Figural form B, and the Washington Sentence Completion Test in order to investigate the hypothesis of a positive relationship between creativity and ego development. A Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was computed for ego development and each TTCT creativity factor (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration), as well as a total composite creativity score. All creativity scores correlated with ego development at the . 01 level, except for originality, which correlated at the . 05 level. Results were discussed in terms of Maslow's theories concerning highly developed persons, and possible preconscious aspects of the creative process. Conclusions were drawn, and recommendations for further research were made.
Segregation levels in the late-apartheid city 1985-1991.

"In the course of the 1980s a number of changes took place in the organization of South African cities, leading to the concept of 'modernizing' apartheid. Relaxation of laws and the publicized responses to racial integration in a few localities encouraged the concept of a breakdown of residential barriers. However, an examination of the 1991 census suggests not only that segregation levels are remarkably high, but also that they rose in the period between 1985 and 1991. The White population in particular remains highly segregated from the remainder. There is nevertheless a number of significant regional differences, indicating that urban restructuring was not uniform. The late-apartheid city thus appears little changed from its predecessor. "
Simulation of structured text language for PLC programming

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) have been used for long in Industry and are part of learning programs in academia. The utilization of these devices must be done with care due to their electrical connections and to the work with possible dangerous or sensitive machines. As such, learning to program and use those in a safe and effective way is recommended and desired both in industrial and academia contexts. We describe a software simulator, which simulates a PLC TSX3721 as well as its programming code, namely Structured Text (ST), and also a HMI panel. It can be used to simulate discrete-event systems, discrete-time systems and hybrid systems, at their several working stages. A description of the PLC simulation architectures and its development is provided, as well as illustrative examples.
A Fast Passive Data Transmission Method for ENG Telemetry

The objective of this study was to develop a high bit‐rate passive method for conveying ENG signals from implants which would work over a wide range of coupling coefficients. A novel method, Passive Phase Shift Modulation, was studied in theory, by simulation, and implemented in the laboratory. A binary signal of 222 kbit/s was passed on a 4‐MHz carrier (ratio 1:18) with coil‐coil spacings up to 70 mm (coil diameters are 45 and 60 mm) with an addition to the power consumption equivalent to 2 mW in the implant. We conclude that this is a satisfactory method to be used as part an implant for conditional neuromodulation that we are designing.
Robust Estimation Techniques for GNSS Positioning

Tracking and navigation problems are often solved using estimation methods that are based on least-squares and Kalman filtering techniques. It is well known that these classic methods are sensitive to unexpectedly large measurement errors. In this article we discuss some robust static and dynamic estimation methods that are designed to be insensitive against outlying observations. Po sitioning simulations and results of a field test where robust techniques are applied to pedestrian positioning using GPS pseudorange measurements are presented. The results indicate that robust techniques have potential in GNSS positioning.
"The leaders we deserve" The emergence, quality and selection of leaders under incomplete information distribution

Designating a leader is a mechanism a group may employ to settle future conflicts of interest within the group. In expectation, some leaders will be more efficient than others for settling future conflicts because they will understand the needs of their followers better; however, these efficient leaders may not be chosen to lead when selection is endogenous. In a model of global coordination with conflicting interests on a communication network, those able to gather the most information about their group make the most efficient leaders. When members of the group select a leader, each tries to promote a leader whose future decisions they can influence most strongly. This requires that a group member supports leaders who posses limited information about other group members, thus a group member will prefer an inefficient leader. In an example where leaders are selected by simple majority voting, inefficient outcomes are predicted by the information network’s topology. Simulations suggest that the salience of these inefficiencies is potentially large. In general, there is a tension between increasing connectivity in the network to improve the information available to potential leaders and removing links that may interfere with efficient leader selection. ∗Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Sustainable Development, Email: smh2137@columbia.edu; I thank Alessandra Casella for her insight, guidance and extensive support. I also thank Navin Kartik, Bernard Salanie, Wojciech Kopczuk, Bentley MacLeod, Andreas Galeotti, Scott Barrett, Jesse Anttila-Hughes, Ram Fishman and participants of the Columbia IGERT IDG seminar for discussions and comments. †This work was developed under a STAR Research Assistance Agreement Number FP-916932 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the author and not the EPA.
Modeling of RBAC-based access control of virtual enterprise

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a model of role‐based access control (RBAC) based access control for virtual enterprise (VE). Design/methodology/approach – An access control model for security and management of VE is presented by integrating generic structure of VE and applying the principles of RBAC. In addition, the application of the model to a supply chain‐oriented VE illustrates that a general access control scheme can ensure the running of VE.Findings – A theory base of access control for the realization of the VE is found.Originality/value – The paper presents a very useful new model of access control for VE. This paper is aimed at researchers and engineers.
SUPERCRITICAL ANTISOLVENT ( SAS ) CO-PRECIPITATION OF ETHYL CELLULOSE AND NATURAL EXTRACTS IN SC-CO 2

The objective of this work has been the co-precipit ation of the coating material Ethyl Cellulose (EC) and two natural extracts (IDOKI SCF Technologies), R1 and P1, using the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) precipitation techn ique with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), in order to obtain active microparticles. EC is a hydrophobic material widely used for controlled delivery systems, sustained release, drug packaging, long-acting formulations, taste masking or coatings. R1 and P1 natural extrac ts are characterized for their antioxidant/antimicrobial properties. For that purp ose, a Thar SAS-50 vessel connected to a Thar R100 supercritical fluids system has been used to study different parameters: pressure, EC:extract, flow rate or solution concentration. Th e morphology and size of the microparticles were analyzed by scanning electron m icroscopy and the co-precipitation rate was quantified by S-L extraction and further chroma tographic analysis. Agglomerated active EC microparticles (1-4 μm) have been precipitated. AZTI-Tecnalia has evalua ted their antimicrobial properties and GAIKER has checked the ir antioxidant activity.
Optimized FFNN based tumor and edema segmentation

Tumor metaphors examination is a tedious and troublesome technique. Various procedures and precise hardware's used for the scrutiny of tumors. Up until now, brain tumor Segmentation is a monotonous method ordinarily amid the analysis of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Brain image segmentation proposes the accompanying five classifications of procedures including pre-processing, filtering, Feature extraction, Classification, Segmentation. Initially, the given input image is pre-processed by methods for skull stripping technique and after that, it experiences the filtering by methods for adaptive median filtering. The aftereffect of the filtered image from the filter administers the accompanying elements, for example, local Gabor XOR pattern (LGXP), Local binary pattern (LBP), and entropy. The acquired elements of the input image indicate the classification either it is normal or else abnormal by methods for krill herd optimized FFNN classifier. Abnormal images are segmented from tumor and also edema section by following two algorithms they are the watershed algorithm and adjusted locale growing algorithms. Then again, the Gray matter, the white matter alongside the cerebrospinal fluid can be segmented from normal images. The results will be examined to decide the demonstration without bounds classification and segmentation philosophies with standing procedures.
Best practice in primary care pathology: review 6

This sixth best practice review examines four series of common primary care questions in laboratory medicine: (1) laboratory monitoring in hypertension and heart failure abnormalities; (2) markers of inflammatory joint disease; (3) laboratory investigation of chronic diarrhoea; and (4) mumps and chickenpox. The review is presented in question–answer format, referenced for each question series. The recommendations represent a precis of guidance found using a standardised literature search of national and international guidance notes, consensus statements, health policy documents and evidence-based medicine reviews, supplemented by Medline Embase searches to identify relevant primary research documents. They are not standards but form a guide to be set in the clinical context. Most are consensus based rather than evidence based. They will be updated periodically to take account of new information.
Fickle Groups : An Empirical Assessment of Time Preferences Using Experimental Data

Inconsistencies in individual intertemporal choices have been well documented in Economics. This paper studies individual and collective decisions through the preference elicitation method over task (real consumption). For this purpose, a joint experimental elicitation of time preferences was performed for the groups (who have to reach a consensus) as well as for their individual members. Using an analysis of the elicited choices of decision making over time, the study found that group/joint decision making resulted in much higher elicited present-bias (procrastination) as compared to individual decision making. This finding is robust to a variety of alternative specifications. The results also suggest that the group/joint aspect of the decision-making process exacerbates standard measures of present-bias due to group members’ discount rate heterogeneity. The study also concludes that the presence of a dominant individual based on bargaining power improves the procrastination tendency in group. JEL classification: C91, D12, D81
Chemical treatment of anti‐D results in improved efficacy for the inhibition of Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis

BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether treatment of immunoglobulins anti‐D or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) with chemicals previously shown to inhibit phagocytosis could result in an enhancement of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) blockade in vitro. If successful, this approach may provide the possibility of targeting these chemicals to monocyte‐macrophages for increased efficacy of immunoglobulin‐based therapies in vivo.
The role of communication and coordination between 'network lead companies' and their strategic partners in determining NPD project performance

Using the data collected from three in-depth case studies of hightech New Product Development (NPD) projects conducted by network lead companies from different industries with alliance partners, we attempt to extend and merge the knowledge of NPD management, communication and coordination theory, and inter-organisation theory by proposing a contingency model. We propose that under conditions of fit between contextual factors that characterise high-tech NPD projects and the intensity level of communication and coordination, NPD project performance is highest. The model indicates that NPD project performance is contingent on the fit between the actual intensity level of communication and coordination – between the network lead company and its project's strategic partners – and the required intensity level. The required intensity of communication in uncertain and complex projects is dominated by the development cycle time of the project.
Rehabilitating Patients With Dementia Who Have Had a Hip Fracture: Part II Cognitive Symptoms That Influence Care

Objective The objective of this study was to identify the cognitive symptoms that HCPs find difficult to manage in dementia patients, and the strategies that they report using when patients exhibit these symptoms. Subjects and Methods One hundred thirty-three HCPs (ie, nurses, therapists, dieticians, social workers) in 7 GRUs in Ontario, Canada, completed a questionnaire focused on the frequency of cognitive symptoms that persons with dementia experienced after hip fracture surgery and on the strategies HCPs used to manage these symptoms. Results The data collected indicate that HCPs perceived patients' memory impairment, lack of insight, and lack of ability to carry out purposeful movement to be the main symptoms that interfere with their ability to rehabilitate patients. Fifty percent of nursing staff and 100% of allied HCPs listed strategies they used when patients exhibited these cognitive symptoms. Strategies staff used when patients displayed cognitive symptoms included providing visual and verbal reminders, adjusting the environment and routines, and offering consistent routines and supervision. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that HCPs on GRUs caring for patients with cognitive impairment who have had a hip fracture frequently encounter cognitive symptoms that hinder their care delivery. Rehabilitation staff require knowledge about how to assess patients for the presence of cognitive symptoms and about strategies for dealing with these symptoms when they are present.
Asthma mortality in Russia between 1980 and 1989.

There is evidence that mortality due to asthma has increased in a number of nations over the last two decades. This study was conducted to assess asthma mortality rates in Russia from 1980 to 1989. Data obtained were compared with figures from other countries. National asthma deaths were obtained from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Age- and sex-specific rates per 100,000 population per year were adjusted to the European population. Annual changes in mortality rates for the study period were estimated by linear regression analysis. Between 1980 and 1989, asthma mortality rates per 100,000 population per year increased from 3.7 to 5.3 in the total Russian population. Differences according to age and sex were observed. Asthma deaths increased with age and in most cases males showed higher death rates than females. There was a statistically significant annual increase in mortality rates for young males < 5 yrs of age and for adult males aged 35-64 yrs, as well as for females aged > or = 65 yrs. Asthma mortality rates in Russia between 1980 and 1989 may be considered moderate as compared with death rates reported for the same period in other countries.