Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability Prediction of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles Based on Accelerated Degradation Test: A Semi-Parametric Approach

The Li-ion battery has emerged as the most prominent energy storage device and been widely applied in electric vehicles (EVs). To ensure the safety and performance of batteries, a battery management system (BMS) is incorporated in the EVs. However, how to predict and verify the BMS reliability remains an issue. We conduct the accelerated degradation test on the BMS and develop a semi-parametric framework to predict the reliability. A new measure based on similarity is further proposed for model comparison. A real data set of the BMS is used to verify the validity of the proposed method. A comparison with the other four models shows that our approach can generate a more similar trend to the original data, with 39.23% improvement compared with the best-performed model based on the proposed measure. Besides, the proposed model gives a prediction of lower bound of the reliable lifetime as 10.8 years, which is more reasonable compared with the results (i.e., around one year) given by the conventional models.
Controller structure for high response engine exhaust throttles

Exhaust throttles are widely used as cost-effective endurance brakes on commercial vehicle diesel engines. To fulfil the requirements as endurance brakes exhaust flaps have only two states: fully opened and fully closed. However, there are several possible new applications, suggested by the authors, in which exhaust throttles could be utilised. To provide these functionalities a backpressure controller that can adjust the exhaust manifold pressure arbitrarily is needed. In this paper, the design and performance evaluation of an exhaust pressure controller is described. A first engineering principle-based, mean-value, nonlinear model of the engine and the actuator is described and validated with test bench measurements. Based on the nonlinear model a feedforward term was obtained. As feedback, an LQ servo controller was designed. The controller performance and the compliance of requirements was evaluated in three different test cycles on a medium-duty diesel engine, simulating brake blending, thermomanagement, and EGR support operations.
Potassium fixation of some calcareous soils after short term extraction with different solutions

ABSTRACT This investigation was done to determine the release of potassium (K) from five calcareous soils of southern Iran using 0.025 M CaCl2, HCl and citric acid during six successive extractions and to study the K fixation capacity of the soils after K release experiment. Mineralogical study indicated that Vertisols and Mollisols were dominated with smectites; while other soils had illite, chlorite, palygorskite and smectite. Results indicated that citric acid extracted more K than CaCl2 and HCl (137 vs. 111 and 113 mg kg−1, respectively). The analysis of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and K concentrations in the solutions suggests that the exchange of K with soluble Ca and Mg (originated from dissolution of carbonates by acidic solutions) is the main mechanism of K release, but citrate is able to dissolve K-bearing minerals and release K in slightly calcareous soils. Soils with more illite released more K. Potassium fixation capacity of soils increased after extractions of soils with different extractants from 324 to 471 mg kg−1, with no significant difference. It is suggested to apply more K fertilizers in K-depleted calcareous soils and use of different solutions for extracting K from soil minerals may be a temporary and short term solution.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns and Expanded Social Assistance on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico

We use microsimulation to estimate the distributional consequences of covid-19-induced lockdown policies in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. Our estimates of the poverty consequences are worse than many othersâ€™ projections because we do not assume that the income losses are proportionally equal across the income distribution. We also simulate the effects of most of the expanded social assistance governments have introduced in response to the crisis. This has a large offsetting effect in Brazil and Argentina, much less in Colombia. In Mexico, there has been no such expansion. Contrary to prior expectations, we find that the worst effects are not on the poorest, but those (roughly) in the middle of the ex ante income distribution. In Brazil we find that poverty among the afrodescendants and indigenous populations increases by more than for whites, but the offsetting effects of expanded social assistance also are larger for the former. In Mexico, the crisis induces significantly less poverty among the indigenous population than it does for the nonindigenous one. In all countries the increase in poverty induced by the lockdown is similar for male- and female-headed households but the offsetting effect of expanded social assistance is greater for female-headed households.
A Study on the Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Its Relationship with Physical Activity among Young Adults

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea, which also known as menstrual pain or cramp is, considers one of the most prevalent menstrual disorders among female reproductive period. During the recent years, regular exercise and physical activities have been introduced as effective methods for prevention and treatment of dysmenorrhea. Physical activity leads to the release of endorphins which may enhance the pain threshold and thus reduce pain. Level of physical activity varies across countries. This study looks into the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea among young adults to get a better understanding of the problem stated and to find out the relationship between physical activity and primary dysmenorrhea. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study design was adopted with total of 165 participants with the age range between 18 to 30 (22.8 + 30) was recruited using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Self-administered questionnaire on dysmenorrhea and menstrual characteristics were administered. Physical activity level was measured using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Results: A total of 144 participants (87.3%) were discovered to have primary dysmenorrhea. There is moderate negative correlation exist between pain intensity and primary dysmenorrhea, r = - 0.42, p <0.035. This result suggests that maintaining a good physical activity is important in reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms. Conclusion: Correction and prevention of primary dysmenorrhea is necessary in view of high incidence.
CRISPR-Cas, a novel tool for unraveling the mechanisms of eye-related diseases

CRISPR-Cas is a novel tool that may pinpoint the underlying cause of eye diseases. Here, we introduce the different types of CRISPR-Cas systems with an emphasis on type II and present its applications in eye diseases based on previous reports. The CRISPR microbiome is perhaps bigger than the universe. Bacteria contain a self-defense adaptive immune system known as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated genes) which inactivates invading phages, plasmids, or foreign DNA sequences. CRISPR is an array of repeats separated by spacers along with cas genes. In bacteria CRISPR-array and cas genes together form a cascade complex to destroy the invading foreign DNA. The two important components, the Cas9 nuclease, and the short guide RNA are introduced for a targeted genetic event. The short guide-RNA is the fingerprint of the target DNA. CRISPR-Cas has been successfully demonstrated in RHO, CRYAA, tyr, gol, ddx19, and mitfa genes in zebrafish, mice, and rabbits. The nuclear homeoprotein Six3 mutations by CRISPR-Cas showed eye and anterior head defects in zebrafish. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas has been successfully shown in Crygc gene repair in the cataract mice model carrying 1bp deletion in exon3 of Crygc. The transcription factors like Rx, Six3, Pax6, Sox2, and signaling factors involved in eye formation can be further studied by CRISPR-Cas. The first patient ever to receive CRISPR-Cas9 construct for fixing mutations in a centrosomal protein of 290 kDa, CEP290, is for the blindness caused by a rare disorder in the retina, Leber’s congenital amaurosis 10 (LCA10). It is injected directly into the eye near photoreceptor cells and is a landmark clinical trial. The present CRISPRCas technology opens a new perspective for new treatments of cataract, retinitis pigmentosa, refractive index error, and any other eye diseases.
Breeding Advancement for Yield and Yield Related Traits ofDesiChickpea(Cicer arietinumL)Varieties in Ethiopia

Thirteen desi chickpea varieties released since 1974 were evaluated in the 2017 cropping season at Jari location. The varieties were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among tested varieties for all traits except plant height revealing that the varieties tested were highly variable. The average rate of increase in grain yield per year over the past 42 years period was 30.68 kg ha-1yr-1 with a relative genetic gain of 0.73% year-1, which was a significant increase for the last four decades of desi chickpea improvement. The regression of a hundred seed weight against the years of release showed not significantly different from zero. It showed an annual rate of genetic gain of 0.85 g yr-1 with a relative annual genetic gain of 0.23%. The number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod revealed a non-significant decreasing trend over the past 42 years. Plant height, days to flowering, and days to maturity showed a non-significant trend in the current study. Grain yield showed a non-significant positive association with plant height, days to maturity and a hundred seed weight and non-significant negative association with days to flowering, the number of seed per pod, and the number of pods per plant. The study also showed that varieties developed through hybridization and selection from introduction had higher progress than old varieties and selection from landraces. Therefore, it is more likely that the productivity of desi chickpea in the future can also be increased by developing varieties using similar approaches by combining modern breeding tools.
Complete mitochondrial genome of saw-jawed monocle bream Scolopsis ciliata and its phylogenetic relationship in genus Scolopsis

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the saw-jawed monocle bream, Scolopsis ciliata was determined by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technique. The circular mitogenome of S. ciliata (16,733 bp) encoded the canonical 37 genes including 13 proteins, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNAs (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and two non-coding regions; the origin of light strand replication (OL) and the putative control region (D-Loop). The gene arrangement of the S. ciliata mitogenome was identical to its relative, Scolopsis vosmeri. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full mitochondrial genome sequences showed that S. ciliata is most closely related to S. vosmeri with 83% nucleotide sequence identity. The mitogenome information of S. ciliata would be the useful information to understand the evolutional relationship of fishes in genus Scolopsis.
Gradient Boosting Feature Selection With Machine Learning Classifiers for Intrusion Detection on Power Grids

Smart grids rely on SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems to monitor and control complex electrical networks in order to provide reliable energy to homes and industries. However, the increased inter-connectivity and remote accessibility of SCADA systems expose them to cyber attacks. As a consequence, developing effective security mechanisms is a priority in order to protect the network from internal and external attacks. We propose an integrated framework for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for smart grids which combines feature engineering-based preprocessing with machine learning classifiers. Whilst most of the machine learning techniques fine-tune the hyper-parameters to improve the detection rate, our approach focuses on selecting the most promising features of the dataset using Gradient Boosting Feature Selection (GBFS) before applying the classification algorithm, a combination which improves not only the detection rate but also the execution speed. GBFS uses the Weighted Feature Importance (WFI) extraction technique to reduce the complexity of classifiers. We implement and evaluate various decision-tree based machine learning techniques after obtaining the most promising features of the power grid dataset through a GBFS module, and show that this approach optimizes the False Positive Rate (FPR) and the execution time.
The influence of image masking on object representations during rapid serial visual presentation

Rapid image presentations combined with time-resolved multivariate analysis methods of EEG or MEG (rapid-MVPA) offer unique potential in assessing the temporal limitations of the human visual system. Recent work has shown that multiple visual objects presented sequentially can be simultaneously decoded from M/EEG recordings. Interestingly, object representations reached higher stages of processing for slower image presentation rates compared to fast rates. This fast rate attenuation is probably caused by forward and backward masking from the other images in the stream. Two factors that are likely to influence masking during rapid streams are stimulus duration and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Here, we disentangle these effects by studying the emerging neural representation of visual objects using rapid-MVPA while independently manipulating stimulus duration and SOA. Our results show that longer SOAs enhance the decodability of neural representations, regardless of stimulus presentation duration, suggesting that subsequent images act as effective backward masks. In contrast, image duration does not appear to have a graded influence on object representations. Interestingly, however, decodability was improved when there was a gap between subsequent images, indicating that an abrupt onset or offset of an image enhances its representation. Our study yields insight into the dynamics of object processing in rapid streams, paving the way for future work using this promising approach.
Modelling the transport of fluid through heterogeneous, whole tumours in silico

It is critically important to understand and predict fluid transport within both physiological and pathological tissues in order to develop effective treatment strategies. Recent advances in high-resolution optical imaging allow the acquisition of whole tumour vascular networks which can be used to parameterise computational models to predict the fluid dynamics at all length scales across the tissue. This enables hypothesis testing around the role of the tumour microenvironment in determining transport characteristics, which would otherwise be unavailable using traditional experiments. In this study, we present a novel computational framework for the efficient simulation of vascular blood flow and interstitial fluid transport based on complete three-dimensional, whole tumour vasculature obtained using high-resolution optical imaging. This framework comprises a Poiseuille flow model which simulates vascular blood flow within the vessel network, coupled via point sources of flux to a porous medium model describing interstitial fluid transport. We develop a computational algorithm for prescription of network boundary conditions and validation of tissue-scale fluid transport against measured in vivo perfusion data acquired using biomedical imaging tools. We present simulations of the model on orthoptic murine glioma and human colorectal carcinoma xenograft data (GL261 and LS147T, respectively), and perform sensitivity analysis on key unknown parameters relating to the tissue microenvironment, to understand their impact in predicting vascular and interstitial flow. Finally, we simulate radially varying vascular normalisation in a LS147T tumour and hypothesise that uniform normalisation is required to lower tumour interstitial fluid pressure. Our computational framework permits predictions of whole tumour fluid dynamics which incorporate the inherent architectural heterogeneities appearing at the micron-scale, and outputs three-dimensional spatial maps detailing these flow properties from micro to macro length scales. This provides vital information on the tumour microenvironment which could enable the design and delivery of future anti-cancer therapies. Author summary The structure of tumours varies widely, with dense and chaotically-formed networks of blood vessels that differ between each individual tumour and even between different regions of the same tumour. This atypical environment can inhibit the delivery of anti-cancer therapies. Computational tools are urgently required which incorporate micron-scale tumour biomechanics to predict tissue-scale fluid dynamics, and consequently the efficacy of cancer therapies. We have developed a computational framework which integrates the complex tumour vascular architecture to predict fluid transport across all lengths scales in whole tumours. This enables computationally efficient hypothesis testing of cancer therapies which manipulate the tumour microenvironment in order to improve drug delivery to tumours.
O-GlcNAc transferase suppresses necroptosis and liver fibrosis

Over a billion people suffer from chronic liver diseases worldwide, which often leads to fibrosis and then cirrhosis. Treatments for fibrosis remain experimental, in part because no unifying mechanism has been identified that initiates liver fibrosis. Here we report that O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification protects against hepatocyte necroptosis and initiation of liver fibrosis. Decreased O-GlcNAc levels were seen in patients with liver cirrhosis and in mice with ethanol-induced liver injury. Liver-specific O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) knockout (OGT-LKO) mice exhibited ballooning degeneration and elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at an early age and progressed to liver fibrosis and portal inflammation by 10 weeks of age. OGT-deficient hepatocytes underwent excessive necroptosis and exhibited elevated protein expression levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), which are key mediators of necroptosis. Furthermore, glycosylation of RIPK3 by OGT reduced RIPK3 protein stability. Taken together, these findings identify OGT as a key suppressor of hepatocyte necroptosis and OGT-LKO mice may serve as an effective spontaneous genetic model of liver fibrosis.
Acceleration Noise Suppression for Geared In-Wheel-Motor Vehicles Using Double Encoder

In-wheel-motor type electric vehicles (IWM-EVs), which have independent motors inside each of the four wheels, are expected to be the next power-trains because they have quite good motion-control performance. From the viewpoint of commercial use, a reduction gear must be inserted between the motor and the wheels to increase the driving torque of the wheels, but doing so drastically declines the control performance because of gear elasticity and backlash. Moreover, the reduction gear not only obstructs the smooth transmission of the driving torque but also leads to unpleasant noise or ride-comfort deterioration. Here, we propose the gear-collision-free backlash-compensation and the joint-torque-control method for geared IWM-EVs by using a double encoder. Currently, the concepts of the double-encoder system are prevailing as an effective control method for the two-inertia systems in the motion-control societies. We have introduced these schemes skillfully and constructed a simple and practical control strategy. The suitable mechanical system of IWM and angular sensor resolution are also discussed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated via some simulations and experiments. We anticipate this research to solve the critical problem of the gear noise and facilitate the practical realization of IWM-EVs.
The location of Mn and Fe in axinite–(Fe) from Nandan, China determined by anomalous X–ray scattering (AXS)

The distribution of Mn and Fe in axinite – (Fe) from Nandan, China, with the structural formula Ca 2 (Fe 0.565 Mn 0.33 Mg 0.08 Ca 0.025 )(Al 1.94 Fe 0.06 )Si 4 BO 15 (OH), Z = 2, space group P (cid:1)1 , a = 7.1488(4) Å, b = 9.1970(4) Å, c = 8.9688(3) Å, α = 91.708(6)°, β = 98.099(6)°, and γ = 77.201(5)°, was determined by anomalous X – ray scattering measurements at Mn and Fe K – absorption edges. The elemental distribution map of Mn obtained by AXS analysis indicates the residence of Mn at the Y site. Conversely, the elemental map of Fe shows the location of Fe at both the Y and Z 1 sites. XANES analysis clari ﬁ es the progressive incorporation of Fe 3+ with decreasing Al content in axinite – (Fe). These experimental results readily suggest the substitution of Al 3+ by Fe 3+ at the Z 1 site.
A new species and a new record of Thyronectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) in China

A new species, Thyronectria berberidis, is described and illustrated based on collections on Berberis heteropoda from the Ili area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. Thyronectria berberidis is characterized by superficial, gregarious ascomata that become cupulate upon drying, with (1–6)7-septate, ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores. In addition, T. lamyi is reported for the first time in China. The morphology characteristics of T. berberidis and T. lamyi were compared to those of close relatives. Their phylogenetic positions were confirmed by analyses of combined sequences of alpha-actin, the internal transcribed spacer, the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and beta-tubulin. This is the first record that Thyronectria is established in the B. heteropoda in China.