Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Structure of Plateau Pika based on Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite Analysis

He Yujiao1,2, Xie Huichun1, Lin Gonghua2,3, Zhang Tongzuo2,3, Su Jianping2,3 and Du Yurong1* 1Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China 2Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China 3Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China Article Information Received 25 November 2019 Revised 11 March 2020 Accepted 20 May 2020 Available online 09 February 2021
Strategy and Implementation of Safety Climate Questionnaire for Manufacturing Industries

Safety climate is the employee’s perceptions of policies, procedures, and practices regarding safety in an organization. The purpose of this study is to develop and explore the content and face validity and internal consistency of the safety climate questionnaire for manufacturing sector in India. The questionnaire is developed through literature review and discussions with experts. Panel of seven experts who consist of safety officers, professionals have vast experience of manufacturing sector in India. Content validity was measured by content validity index (CVI) and a modified kappa index. A pilot study was conducted to test the internal consistency of the questionnaire by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Thirty out of forty five items showed excellent content validity, six items showed good content validity, eight items showed fair content validity, and one item showed poor content validity. The average content validity of the questionnaire was . 80 and ranged from . 79 to . 92 for the six subscales. The face validity was good with no major remarks were given. We conclude that questionnaire showed good content validity and this questionnaire seems to be an acceptable tool to evaluate safety climate.
The relationship between presence of antibodies and direct detection of Toxoplasma gondii

32 In cattle, antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii infection are frequently detected, but evidence for 33 the presence of T. gondii tissue cysts in cattle is limited. To study the concordance between the 34 presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and viable tissue cysts of T. gondii in cattle, serum, liver and 35 diaphragm samples of 167 veal calves and 235 adult cattle were collected in Italy, the 36 Netherlands, Romania and the United Kingdom. Serum samples were tested for anti-T. gondii 37 IgG by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and p30 immunoblot. Samples from liver were 38 analyzed by mouse bioassay and PCR after trypsin digestion. In addition, all diaphragms of 39 cattle that had tested T. gondii positive (either in bioassay, by PCR on trypsin-digested liver or 40 serologically by MAT) and a selection of diaphragms from cattle that had tested negative were 41 analyzed by magnetic capture qPCR (MC-PCR). Overall, 13 animals were considered positive 42 by a direct detection method: 7 out of 151 (4.6%) by MC-PCR and 6 out of 385 (1.6%) by 43 bioassay, indicating the presence of viable parasites. As cattle that tested positive in bioassay 44 tested negative in MC-PCR and vice-versa, these results demonstrate a lack of concordance 45 between the presence of viable parasites in liver and the detection of T. gondii DNA in 46 diaphragm. In addition, the probability to detect T. gondii parasites or DNA in seropositive and 47 seronegative cattle was comparable, demonstrating that serological testing by MAT or p30 48 immunoblot does not provide information about the presence of T. gondii parasites or DNA in 49 cattle and therefore is not a reliable indicator of the risk for consumers. 50
Quantitative phosphoproteomics of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) infected by Candidatus Liberibacter

Huanglongbing (HLB or Citrus Greening Disease) is a destructive citrus disease that has impacted the U.S. citrus industry as well as global citrus industry for many years. There is yet to be a practical cure for HLB. Currently, there are only temporary and costly solutions of applying insecticides to target the psyllid vector and burning down the infected trees. Here we investigated the protein and phosphoprotein differences between control (healthy) and diseased citrus leaves to identify potential biomarkers essential towards fighting HLB within the trees themselves. Proteins were extracted from control and diseased leaves, followed by trypsin digestion, phosphopeptide enrichment and label-free quantitative proteomics. In total, we identified 1539 proteins and 278 phosphoproteins, among which 63 proteins and 23 phosphoproteins exhibited significant changes between control and diseased samples. Proteins in response to stimulus were increased at both total protein level and phosphorylation level. Interestingly, proteins related to membranes and complexes were decreased, but increased at phosphorylation level. Several differential phosphoproteins (e.g., a nuclear pore complex protein and a glutathione-S-transferase) could play important roles in battling the devastating disease HLB, one that we can hopefully conquer in the near future.
The Impact of R&D tax incentives in Portugal

The competitiveness of an economy increasingly depends on its ability to innovate. Theory suggests that innovation makes an important contribution to growth both at the firm level and at the national level. Innovative economies that deliver new differentiated products and services and/or develop more efficient production processes are often more productive, more resilient and adaptable in the face of adversity and change, and better able to support higher living standards and thus greater well-being. However, because knowledge is a public good, without government support, private agents are likely to underinvest in R&D, as it usually leads to higher social returns than private ones. In this context, it is strategically important to use public funds to promote innovative activity in firms to achieve the optimal level of R&D investment. Since 2000, indirect public support through tax credits has become more prominent and is currently the main form of public R&D support for most OECD countries. This paper evaluates the impact of SIFIDE, the Portuguese system of tax incentives to corporate R&D investment, on firms’ behaviour. The results show the effectiveness of SIFIDE in promoting investment in R&D, both through the impact of the program on intangible investment and on R&D staff.
Review: Windows of exposure to pesticides for increased risk of childhood leukemia

Leukemia is the leading cause of cancer resulting in mortality of children, and there is some evidence suggesting the increased incidence rate increasing during the recent decades. Limited human evidence indicates an increased risk of developing leukemia in childhood as a result of pesticide exposure, with possible significance of exposure occurring during the developmental periods including preconception, pregnancy, and childhood. This review examines the results of relevant literature on the timing of pesticide exposure and leukemia diagnosed in childhood. Results suggest that the risk from pesticide exposure seems to be greater during pregnancy. Other findings indicate that maternal occupational exposure may be more of a greater concern than the paternal occupational exposure; and that the residential indoor use of pesticides tends to result in higher risk estimates than the residential outdoor use. Only limited data are available on particular pesticides, genetic factors, critical windows of exposure during development, and their association with different histological types of leukemia.
A DVERSARIAL T ESTING OF S TATISTICAL P ARSERS : THE CASE OF T EMPORARY A MBIGUITIES

Garden-path sentences, containing a temporary attachment ambiguity of a noun phrase as either the object or subject of a sentence, are often studied in psycholinguistics because they can reveal whether verb subcategorization, semantics, or pragmatics are employed as part of on-line human parsing. We propose that these experiments can jump the human/machine divide and be applied for adversarial testing of broad-coverage dependency-based parsers for which little is known outside of black-box testing. In particular, here we use experimentally verified garden-path sentences to examine whether such systems have acquired cognitively accurate knowledge of language. This reveals a surprising lack of cognitive knowledge of certain basic aspects of English, as well as a contrast between the performance of these systems and traditional probabilistic context-free parsers.
Modeling the Phase Behavior of the Inverse Hexagonal and Inverse Bicontinuous Cubic Phases in 2:1 Fatty Acid/Phosphatidylcholine Mixtures

In this paper we present simplified models of the energetics of the inverse hexagonal (HII) and inverse bicontinuous cubic phases ( , , and ) based upon the competition between the energetics of monolayer bending and the packing of amphiphiles within each mesophase. These are used to interpret our experimental observations of the relative stability of these mesophases in 2:1 (mol:mol) fatty acid/phosphatidylcholine mixtures (Templer, R.H.; Seddon, J.M.; Warrender, N.A.; Syrykh, A.; Huang, Z.; Winter, R.; Erbes, J. J. Phys. Chem., submitted for publication). We have used our models to rationalize the following observations made at atmospheric pressure: the phase sequences with water composition, the destabilization of the inverse bicontinuous cubics with increasing chain lengths and temperature, and the phase transition from to with increasing temperature. We show, for the first time, that phase transitions between the inverse bicontinuous cubic phases may be explained in terms of a change in their interf.
Charge Separation and Recombinaiton in Photoexcited Triplet States of Electron Donor Acceptor Systems.

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Silicon carbide polytypes are equilibrium structures

The phonon free energy is calculated for several silicon carbide polytypes using a valence overlap shell model. The three most commonly observed polytypes, i.e. (2), (23) and (3), are shown to be thermodynamically stable, with (2) and (3) as the low- and high-temperature phases, respectively, and (23) in between. The long-ranged phonon effect splits the multiphase degeneracy between phases (2) and (3) to which SiC is extremely close at T=0 K, and its stabilises (23) with a significantly large stability region of 500 K. The calculations of the interatomic displacement-displacement correlations demonstrate how the long-ranged interatomic interactions arise from the phonons. The formation theory of longer-period polytypes is also discussed.
BIOACCESSIBILITY OF IRON AND ZINC FROM GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLE BASED PRODUCTS

A study was conducted on bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from Green Leafy Vegetable (GLV) based products in the year 2008-2009 with the objective to analyze the bioaccessible iron and zinc in selected products and to study the effect of acidulants and cooking utensils on the bioaccessibility. Bioaccessibility was estimated using modified protocol of Luten et.al. (1996). Moisture, ash and pH of selected products varied significantly. Total iron and zinc contents ranged from 12.20–19.30 and 1.502. 60 mg/100g in soaked and cooked bhajis, 7.60-14.05 and 2.00mg/100g each in baked chapathis, 6.8810. 90 and 2.00-2.10mg/100g in deep fried products, 7.51-11.30 and 1.90mg/100g each in cooked and seasoned products respectively. Spinach dhal contained 9.75 and 2.7 mg/100g of total iron and zinc respectively. Whereas, per cent bioaccessible iron and zinc ranged from 5.53-9.83; 46.66-78.42 per cent respectively. Acidulants commonly employed in Indian culinary viz lime juice, tomato, raw mango powder, tamarind were used to enhance acidity of selected products. Moisture, ash and pH varied significantly on addition of acidulants. Addition of lime juice to fenugreek bhaji augmented bioaccessibility of iron significantly from 5.53 to 16.17 per cent. Incorporation of tomato puree in shepu dalvada resulted in highest per cent increase (5.87 to 7.49). Utensils viz hindalium, teflon coated and iron ware were used for cooking to know the effect on bioaccessiblility of minerals. Products when cooked in different metallic utensils varied significantly with respect to moisture, ash and pH. Total and bioaccessible iron increased significantly when cooked in iron utensil. Hence, it can be concluded that processing methods like soaking and boiling will help in partial elimination of anti-nutrients and help to increase the bioaccessible mineral contents of the products, addition of acidulants enhances the bioaccessibility of minerals. Use of traditional iron utensils for cooking augments quantitative and qualitative iron in the products.
Heavy metals concentration in various tissues of two freshwater fishes, Labeo rohita and Channa striatus

Heavy metals like cadmium, zinc, copper, chromium, lead and mercury were measured in the various tissues of Labeo rohita and Channa striatus and in the water samples collected from the Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh during 2009-2010. The concentrations of heavy metals in the different organs of fishes varied. In L. rohita, the concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of liver > kidney > gills > muscles and in C. striatus, it was liver > kidney > gills > muscle. The values of heavy metals concentration in the present study are within the maximum permissible levels for drinking water and fish.
Ionic Liquid — An Efficient Recyclable System for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Quinolines via Meyer—Schuster Rearrangement.

An improved and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted quinolines via Meyer-Schuster rearrangement of 2-aminoaryl ketones and phenylacetylenes in the presence of zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate in [hmim]PF 6 has been developed.
Flexible, Stretchable, Transparent Conducting Films Made from Superaligned Carbon Nanotubes

A straightforward roll‐to‐roll process for fabricating flexible and stretchable superaligned carbon nanotube films as transparent conducting films is demonstrated. Practical touch panels assembled by using these carbon nanotube conducting films are superior in flexibility and wearability—and comparable in linearity—to touch panels based on indium tin oxide (ITO) films. After suitable laser trimming and deposition of Ni and Au metal, the carbon nanotube film possesses excellent performance with two typical values of sheet resistances and transmittances (208 Ω □−1, 90% and 24 Ω □−1, 83.4%), which are comparable to ITO films and better than the present carbon nanotube conducting films in literature. The results provide a route to produce transparent conducting films more easily, effectively, and cheaply, an important step for realizing industrial‐scale applications of carbon nanotubes for transparent conducting films.
Diarization of Legal Proceedings. Identifying and Transcribing Judicial Speech from Recorded Court Audio

United States Courts make audio recordings of oral arguments available as public record, but these recordings rarely include speaker annotations. This paper addresses the Speech Audio Diarization problem, answering the question of"Who spoke when? "in the domain of judicial oral argument proceedings. We present a workflow for diarizing the speech of judges using audio recordings of oral arguments, a process we call Reference-Dependent Speaker Verification. We utilize a speech embedding network trained with the Generalized End-to-End Loss to encode speech into d-vectors and a pre-defined reference audio library based on annotated data. We find that by encoding reference audio for speakers and full arguments and computing similarity scores we achieve a 13.8% Diarization Error Rate for speakers covered by the reference audio library on a held-out test set. We evaluate our method on the Supreme Court of the United States oral arguments, accessed through the Oyez Project, and outline future work for diarizing legal proceedings. A code repository for this research is available at github.com/JeffT13/rd-diarization
Simultaneous reconstruction of conductivity, boundary shape and contact impedances in electrical impedance tomography

The objective of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is to reconstruct the internal conductivity of a physical body based on current and voltage measurements at the boundary of the body. In many medical applications the exact shape of the domain boundary and contact impedances are not available. This is problematic as even small errors in the boundary shape of the computation domain or in the contact impedance values can produce large artifacts in the reconstructed images which results in a loss of relevant information. A method is proposed that simultaneously reconstructs the conductivity, the contact impedances and the boundary shape from EIT data. The approach consists of three steps: first, the unknown contact impedances and an anisotropic conductivity reproducing the measured EIT data in a model domain are computed. Second, using isothermal coordinates, a deformation is constructed that makes the conductivity isotropic. The final step minimizes the error of true and reconstructed known geometric properties (like the electrode lengths) using conformal deformations. The feasibility of the method is illustrated with experimental EIT data, with robust and accurate reconstructions of both conductivity and boundary shape.
KnowGraph@IITK at SemEval-2021 Task 11: Building Knowledge Graph for NLP Research

Research in Natural Language Processing is making rapid advances, resulting in the publication of a large number of research papers. Finding relevant research papers and their contribution to the domain is a challenging problem. In this paper, we address this challenge via the SemEval 2021 Task 11: NLPContributionGraph, by developing a system for a research paper contributions-focused knowledge graph over Natural Language Processing literature. The task is divided into three sub-tasks: extracting contribution sentences that show important contributions in the research article, extracting phrases from the contribution sentences, and predicting the information units in the research article together with triplet formation from the phrases. The proposed system is agnostic to the subject domain and can be applied for building a knowledge graph for any area. We found that transformer-based language models can significantly improve existing techniques and utilized the SciBERT-based model. Our first sub-task uses Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) stacked on top of SciBERT model layers, while the second sub-task uses Conditional Random Field (CRF) on top of SciBERT with BiLSTM. The third sub-task uses a combined SciBERT based neural approach with heuristics for information unit prediction and triplet formation from the phrases. Our system achieved F1 score of 0.38, 0.63 and 0.76 in end-to-end pipeline testing, phrase extraction testing and triplet extraction testing respectively.
Convergence Analysis of the Rank-Restricted Soft SVD Algorithm

The soft SVD is a robust matrix decomposition algorithm and a key component of matrix completion methods. However, computing the soft SVD for large sparse matrices is often impractical using conventional numerical methods for the SVD due to large memory requirements. The Rank-Restricted Soft SVD (RRSS) algorithm introduced by Hastie et al. addressed this issue by sequentially computing low-rank SVDs that easily fit in memory. We analyze the convergence of the standard RRSS algorithm and we give examples where the standard algorithm does not converge. We show that convergence requires a modification of the standard algorithm, and is related to non-uniqueness of the SVD. Our modification specifies a consistent choice of sign for the left singular vectors of the low-rank SVDs in the iteration. Under these conditions, we prove linear convergence of the singular vectors using a technique motivated by alternating subspace iteration. We then derive a fixed point iteration for the evolution of the singular values and show linear convergence to the soft thresholded singular values of the original matrix. This last step requires a perturbation result for fixed point iterations which may be of independent interest.
AST: Audio Spectrogram Transformer

In the past decade, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely adopted as the main building block for end-to-end audio classification models, which aim to learn a direct mapping from audio spectrograms to corresponding labels. To better capture long-range global context, a recent trend is to add a self-attention mechanism on top of the CNN, forming a CNN-attention hybrid model. However, it is unclear whether the reliance on a CNN is necessary, and if neural networks purely based on attention are sufficient to obtain good performance in audio classification. In this paper, we answer the question by introducing the Audio Spectrogram Transformer (AST), the first convolution-free, purely attention-based model for audio classification. We evaluate AST on various audio classification benchmarks, where it achieves new state-of-the-art results of 0.485 mAP on AudioSet, 95.6% accuracy on ESC-50, and 98.1% accuracy on Speech Commands V2.
A Lossless Intra Reference Block Recompression Scheme for Bandwidth Reduction in HEVC-IBC

The reference frame memory accesses in inter prediction result in high DRAM bandwidth requirement and power consumption. This problem is more intensive by the adoption of intra block copy (IBC), a new coding tool in the screen content coding (SCC) extension to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). In this paper, we propose a lossless recompression scheme that compresses the reference blocks in intra prediction, i.e., intra block copy, before storing them into DRAM to alleviate this problem. The proposal performs pixel-wise texture analysis with an edge-based adaptive prediction method yet no signaling for direction in bitstreams, thus achieves a high gain for compression. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme shows a 72% data reduction rate on average, which solves the memory bandwidth problem.