Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of heating and current drive mix on the ITER hybrid scenario

Hybrid scenario performance in ITER is studied with the CRONOS integrated modelling suite, using the GLF23 anomalous transport model for heat transport prediction. GLF23 predicted core confinement is optimized through tailoring the q-profile shape by a careful choice of current drive actuators, affecting the transport due to the predicted dependence of the turbulence level on the absolute q-profile values and magnetic shear. A range of various heating and current drive choices are examined, as are different assumptions on the pedestal height. The optimum q-profile shape is predicted to be one that maximizes the ratio of s/q throughout the bulk of the plasma volume. Optimizing the confinement allows a minimization of the plasma density required in order to achieve a defined target fusion power of 350 MW. A lower density then allows a lower total current (Ip) at the same Greenwald fraction (fG), thus aiding in maintaining q > 1 as desired in a hybrid scenario, and in minimizing the flux consumption. The best performance is achieved with a combination of NBI and ECCD (e.g. 33/37 MW NBI/ECCD for a scenario with a pedestal height of 4 keV). The q-profile shape and plasma confinement properties are shown to be highly sensitive to the positioning of the ECCD deposition. Comparisons with the lower performing cases where some or all of the ECCD power is replaced with LHCD or ICRH are shown (e.g. 33/20/17 MW NBI/ECCD/LHCD or NBI/ECCD/ICRH). The inclusion of LHCD reduces confinement due to deleterious shaping of the q-profile, and the inclusion of ICRH, particularly in a stiff model, does not lead to significantly increased fusion power and furthermore does not contribute to the non-inductive current fraction. For the optimum NBI/ECCD current drive mix, the predictions show that a satisfactory ITER hybrid scenario (Pfus ∼ 350 MW, Q ⩾ 5, qmin close to 1) may be achieved with Tped ⩾ 4 keV. In addition, predicted performance sensitivity analysis was carried out for several assumed parameters, such as Zeff and density peaking.
Corrosion of isolated and electrically-connected steel coupons in temperate coastal seawater

Marine infrastructure such a sheet piling, bridge piles and the legs of offshore oil rigs often is exposed to the very corrosive tidal and splash zone environments. In these the corrosion losses are known to vary significantly with elevation and with the electrical conductivity between the areas of steel. Individual coupons typically show much more corrosion in the tidal zone that electrically connected coupons and continuous strips. Classical results are available as well as results from other locations but the potential for water pollution to be involved in the reported observations has not been clarified. Similarly, whether water velocity played a part in the results available in the literature also remains uncertain. As part of a program to develop guidelines for engineering and asset management purposes a new set of tests was conducted at Jervis Bay on the East coast of Australia in essentially clean coastal waters with very low water velocities. Isolated steel coupons, electrically connected steel coupons and continuous steel strips were exposed in the tidal zone. The corrosion profiles were found to be similar to the results available in the literature suggesting that water pollution and water velocity were not significant factors in the classical results.
Sequential Separation of Uranium, Hafnium and Neodymium from Natural Waters Concentrated by Iron Coprecipitation

A new ion exchange chromatography method is presented for the isolation of high field‐strength elements (HFSE) from freshwater and seawater samples that have undergone iron coprecipitation. Large volumes of water can be condensed through the application of iron coprecipitation, but clean separation of elements from the precipitate proves difficult. The technique described is a five‐column process designed to separate the HFSE, including rare earth elements such as neodymium and hafnium, before removing the iron and isolating uranium. Subsequent isolation of Nd and Hf was achieved using established ion exchange chromatography methods. The efficacy of our chemistry was verified by measurements of analytical reference materials – both reference solutions and seawater samples – subjected to the chemical separation methods described. Elution results indicate high yields (> 90%) determined by concentration measurements of a known reference material added to each column. Measurement results for isotopic compositions of seawater (U, Nd) and reference solutions (NIST SRM 960, U) were identical within uncertainty to previously published values. Compositions were identical between solutions (Spex CLMS3, Spex PLND2) that underwent different iron coprecipitation procedures. Isotopic determinations for reference materials JNdi‐1 and NIST SRM 960 measured with the mass spectrometers used in this study were in agreement with universally accepted values for these materials, and indicate high precision.
COMMUNAL VERSUS INDIVIDUAL MODALITIES OF WORK : A SOUTH AFRICAN INVESTIGATION

This paper explores some of the underlying principles of the Afro-centric paradigm, encapsulated by humanisticand communalist principles. Suggestions on how South African Modes of Leadership could be incorporated into the workplace are presented, and explored further in conjunction with the results of the workplace survey that was designed to test what makes people feel valued in the workplace. These dimensions are explored and gaps identified where the current perceived state does not match the desired or expected state. Differences between these dimensions are highlighted where possible attitudinal obstacles could be encountered, and suggestions are put forward as to how these may be overcome.
Stellar winds, supernovae, and the origin of the H I supershells

It is shown that the H I shells and supershells, recently reported by Heiles, are a natural by-product of the interaction of the stellar winds and supernovae, originating from stars in typical OB associations, with the surrounding interstellar medium. The validity of this model is supported by its ability to reproduced observed characteristics of the shells such as the shell sizes and shapes as a function of their distances from the galactic center. This process may also be responsible for injecting synthesized elements into the galactic halo.
Integrated Filtering Antenna Based on D-CRLH Transmission Lines for Ultra-Compact Wireless Applications

This paper presents an ultra-compact filtering integrated antenna for GPS (1.57 GHz) and LTE (2.65 GHz) applications. The antenna comprises integration between dual composite right/left- handed antenna and bandstop filter in one platform. The whole integrated antenna size is only 30 × 28. 5m m 2 . Compared to conventional antenna with the same dimensions, the proposed antenna is only 6.5% at GPS band and 16.5% at LTE band. The deign procedures of individual antennas, bandstop filter and the filtering integrated antennas are explained in details. The full wave simulations supporting the design procedures and experimental measurements for all introduced components are introduced with good agreement. Finally, as a consequence of the proposed antenna ultra small size and its filtering capability, the antenna is a good candidate for implanted antenna applications.
A new approach to decreasing the false network attack alarms

When traditional firewall and intrusion detection systems (IDS) are used to detect possible attacks from the network, they often make wrong decisions and abort the safe connections. In this paper a novel system is presented which is based on distributed agents and a pseudo-network called honey pot. Utilizing the honey pot scheme, this system is capable to avoid many wrong decisions made by IDS. In this system alarming adversaries, initially detected by the IDS, will be forwarded to a honey pot network for a more close investigation. If, as a result of this investigation, it is found that the alarm decision made by the IDS is wrong, the connection will be guided to the original destination. This action is hidden to the user. The policy of attack detection via honey pot or IDS will be dynamically updated and adapted based on the previous records of adversaries. Such a scheme significantly decreases the alarm rate and provides a higher performance of IDS. In this paper the architecture of the proposed system is described, a theoretical analysis of its behavior is given and its possible extension and implementation are explained.
MANAGERIAL OPTIMISM AND DEBT FINANCING : CASE STUDY ON INDONESIA ’ S MANUFACTURING LISTED FIRMS Gesti Memarista

Managerial’s psychology can affect financial decision in the company. This paper analyzes the influence of managerial optimism on the debt financing by using regression analysis. The dependent variable in this paper is debt financing. The independent variable is managerial optimism and the control variable are firm value, firm size, and firm performance that are occurred in the previous period. The samples used in this study are manufacturing companies that listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2010-2014. The result on this study shows that managerial optimism, firm value, and firm size that are occurred in the previous period have positive significant effect on debt financing, whereas firm performance in the previous period has negative significant impact on debt financing.
Interactive comment on “Process analysis and sensitivity study of regional ozone formation over the Pearl River Delta, China, during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign using the CMAQ

analysis, and investigate the O3 response to emission reduction through the Brute Force method in the PRD region in China. The paper adds values in understanding the ozone chemistry in the specific region. The paper stands in a good structure, but revisions are needed as suggested below before it is accepted for publish in ACP. A major concern is on the emission estimates. No measurements of NO are presented, which is a better indicator of the NOx emissions (since NO2 is heavily affected by chemistry and the model-observation emission evaluation through the model-measurement comparison normally places emphasis on morning hours). It is hard to tell from Fig 5 whether VOCs are reasonably simulated or not. More comparisons on speciated VOCs (if measurements are available) would help to identify possible needs for further adjustments of the VOC emissions. In addition, a more detailed and clearer classification of the O3 pollution pattern is needed.
Enhanced proliferation and efficient transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by adult Diaphorina citri after acquisition feeding in the nymphal stage

We carried out a quantitative detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacterium associated with the disease of huanglongbing, in the vector psyllid Diaphorina citri by using a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. The concentration of the bacterium was monitored at 5-day intervals for a period of 20 days after psyllids were exposed as fifth instar nymphs or adults to a Ca. L. asiaticus-infected plant for an acquisition access period of 24 h. When adults fed on Ca. L. asiaticus-infected plant, the concentration of the bacterium did not increase significantly and the pathogen was not transmitted to any citrus seedlings. In contrast, when psyllids fed on infected plant as nymphs, the concentration of the pathogen significantly increased by 25-, 360- and 130-fold from the initial acquisition day to 10, 15 and 20 days, respectively. Additionally, the pathogen was successfully transmitted to 67% of citrus seedlings by emerging adults. Our data suggested that multiplication of the bacterium into the psyllids is essential for an efficient transmission and show that it is difficult for adults to transmit the pathogen unless they acquire it as nymphs.
Big bees do a better job: intraspecific size variation influences pollination effectiveness.

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are efficient pollinators of many flowering plants, yet the pollen deposition performance of individual bees has not been investigated. Worker bumblebees exhibit large intraspecific and intra-nest size variation, in contrast with other eusocial bees; and their size influences collection and deposition of pollen grains. 2. Laboratory studies with B. terrestris workers and Vinca minor flowers showed that pollination effectiveness PE, as measured from pollen grains deposited on stigmas in single visits (SVD), was significantly positively related to bee size; larger bees deposited more grains, while the smallest individuals, with proportionally shorter tongues, were unable to collect or deposit pollen in these flowers. Individuals did not increase their pollen deposition over time, so handling experience does not influence SVD in Vinca minor. 3. Field studies using Geranium sanguineum and Echium vulgare, and multiple visiting species, confirmed that individual size affects SVD. All bumblebee species showed positive SVD/size effects, though even the smallest individuals did deposit pollen. Apis with its limited size variation showed no such detectable effect when visiting Geranium flowers. Two abundant hoverfly species also showed size effects, particularly when feeding for nectar on Echium. 4. Mean size of foragers also varied diurnally, with larger individuals active earlier and later, so that pollination effectiveness varies through a day; flowers routinely pollinated by bees may best be served by early morning dehiscence and visits from larger individuals. 5. Thus, while there are well-documented species-level variations in pollination effectiveness, the fine-scale individual differences between foragers should also be taken into account when assessing the reproductive outputs of biotically-pollinated plants.
Clinical and pathological study of experimentally- induced yew (Taxus baccata) poisoning in sheep

Acute yew (Taxus baccata) intoxication was induced in 7 adult sheep by oral administration of the plant materials at the dose of 2.5g/kg body weight. Blood samples for hematology and serum biochemistry were collected before and after the induced intoxication.Electrocardiography was performed using a base-apex lead. Intoxicated animals displayed lethargy, depression, bradycardia and varying intensity of heart sounds. The ECGs of intoxicated sheep showed a variety of arrhythmias and abnormalities including multifocal ventricular tachycardia, idioventricular and idiojunctinal rhythm and QRS and T widening. Four sheep died within 4-16 hours after yew administration. Significant increase of white blood cells, total neutrophil counts and serum sodium concentration were observed. Post mortem examination and histological evaluation were done with special regards on tissue changes of the myocardium and conduction system. There were hyperemia, focal hemorrhage and multifocal nonsuppurative interstitial myocarditis with mild focal cardiac muscle cell degeneration and necrosis in the affected hearts which appeared more prominent in the right atrium. Histopathological examination of cardiac conduction system also revealed moderate to severe interstitial edema with inflammation of the SA-node, AV-node, the bundle branches and His-bundle in all cases which was most severe in the AV-node and the His-bundle. Oral administration of dried leaves of T. baccata, at the dose of 2.5g/kg can induce acute toxicity, manifested clinically by a variety of cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial lesions including special conduction system in pathology.
Intestinal Organoids – a Powerful Model to Study Interactions of the Epithelial Barrier with its Environment

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the body’s largest mucosal area exposed to the external environment. It harbours a large and diverse community of commensal microorganisms. The GI tract is lined by a monolayer of epithelial cells that separates the intestinal lumen and underlying tissues. It is not only a physical barrier - it interacts with commensal microorganisms and immune cells by mechanisms that are not fully defined. The intestinal immune system must maintain the balance between offering adequate protection against pathogens, while remaining tolerant to harmless antigens from commensals and diet. Imbalances in these immune responses may lead to the development of chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite intense research, the molecular mechanisms governing intestinal homeostasis remain to be fully understood. To help defining these complex mechanisms, we adapted the small intestinal organoid model. We isolated small intestinal crypts according to the protocol recently published by Sato and Clevers, 2013. In the presence of the growth factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), Noggin and R-spondin-1 crypts, containing intestinal epithelial stem cells, form organoids. The organoids resemble the in vivo organisation of the epithelial barrier. Technologies like confocal microscopy and live cell imaging will enable us to follow changes in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in detail and in real-time. We propose that analysis of intestinal organoids in the presence of immune cells and mediators, diet-derived molecules and / or commensal microorganisms will facilitate the discovery of molecular mechanisms directing intestinal homeostasis, thus making it a powerful model to study the interactions of the epithelial barrier with its environment.
GEOCHEMICAL MASS BALANCES AND WEATHERING RATES IN FORESTED WATERSHEDS OF THE SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE. III. CATION BUDGETS AND THE WEATHERING RATE OF AMPHIBOLE

The geochemical mass balance of alkali and alkaline- earth elements in a southern Blue Ridge watershed underlain by amphibolite (Carroll Knob Complex; Watershed 3 of the U.S. Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina) can be explained by weathering of plagioclase (oligoclase-andesine), horn- blende (ferroan pargasite), biotite, and calcite, and elemental uptake by forest biota. Feldspar and biotite weathering rates (calculated from geochemical mass balance) in the amphibolitic watershed are similar to previously calculated rates for compositionally similar minerals in the surrounding gneissic/schistose watersheds. However, the similarity of feldspar weathering rates despite significant differences in modal abun- dance suggests that feldspar in the Carroll Knob Complex is somewhat less reactive per unit modal abundance than is plagioclase in the surrounding rocks. Textural differences between the Carroll Knob Complex and the surrounding rocks (smaller surface—area—to—volume- ratio of coarser crystals in the Carroll Knob Complex) could be respon- sible. Hornblende and plagioclase weathering rates in Coweeta Water- shed 3 are approximately equal (when normalized for differences in modal abundance of the two minerals), consistent with experimentally determined rates and empirical weathering series.
Hotel Himalaya , Kathmandu , Nepal , ISBN : 978-1-922069-35-1 Strategic Business Savings for Entrepreneurial Financing : An Empirical Review of Impediments for Growth of Women Entrepreneurial Ventures in Kenya

This study examined internal factors that affect savings mobilization for growth of womenowned MSEs. Many womenowned MSEs have received financial and other assistance from various donors to start their business, but their inability to reduce reliance on external sources to grow had remained unexplained. The study hypothesized that the main constraints to savings mobilization for growth of women owned MSEs arose from internal and the characteristics of the woman entrepreneurs. The target population was 3,030 women entrepreneurs who had received assistance from the WEDCO project in Kisumu and Kakamega districts in Kenya. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 300 individual women participants. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to collect primary data. Data was analyzed through correlation analysis, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and means. The major findings of the study were that the number of dependants; education level; cultural and religious attachments; endowed management skills; age and marital status had a significant relationship with the savings propensity amongst the women entrepreneurs.
Display of Interactive Artwork: Pilot Test of two Different Interfaces

The display of interactive artwork plays an increasingly important role in modern museums and galleries. However, the reaction of visitors has not been extensively tested to date. We present a pilot study that investigates viewer's reactions towards two interactive display prototypes that were designed to present famous artwork in a new and more engaging way. We describe the first iteration cycle of a questionnaire we composed which especially targets viewer satisfaction in a gallery context. The results of our first pilot study indicate that (1) interactive displays in galleries can create an engaging and exciting experience and (2) that they can be especially suitable to present education about art in a new and more involving way.
ARCHITECTURE AND FORWARDING MECH-ANISM FOR GEO-FENCING APPLICATIONS WITH MULTIPLE INFORMATION PROVIDERS

Geo-fencing application is a class of location-based service that provide mobile users with services, i.e. information or functionality, when the users are within certain geographical areas. In this paper, we present an architecture for geo-fencing applications that allow information provisioning from multiple providers based on users’ locations. The architecture includes a central component called service router whose main task is to forward information requests from the users’ mobile applications to targeted information providers. The architecture assumes that information is stored in specific content management systems (CMSs). We also present a location-based request forwarding mechanism for the service router. Every request from the applications must include the users’ location coordinates. These coordinates are used to determine to which information provider the request should be forwarded. In addition, the forwarding mechanism includes a caching mechanism to make efficient the forwarding process. The architecture and forwarding mechanism are implemented in RESTful Web Services. This architecture offers three main benefits, i.e.: (i) natural fit to real-world situation, in which each area is administered by an authority, (ii) scalability by delegating the routing tasks to a composition of service routers in a hierarchical architecture, and (iii) consistent presentation by allowing the mobile applications to restructure and reformat information from the providers.