Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E�er�da� �rospecti�e Memor� and Executi�e �unction �e�cits Associated with Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke

is study explored whether exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has a detrimental impact upon everyday memory in two groups of non-smokers; one which reported regular exposure to SHS and one that reported never having been exposed to SHS. irty-four non-smokers who reported having been regularly exposed to SHS (SHS group) and 34 non-smokers who reported never having been exposed to SHS (non-SHS group) were compared on self-reports of prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and/or activities) and executive function (EF: those processes involved in attention, multitasking and decisionmaking). e Prospective and RetrospectiveMemoryQuestionnaire (PRMQ) assessed everyday PM lapses; the Executive Function Questionnaire (EFQ) assessed self-reported problems in EF; a drug-use questionnaire and a mood questionnaire were also administered. Two univariate ANCOVAs were applied to the PM and EF data, controlling for between-group differences in age, weekly alcohol use, anxiety and depression scores, and self-reported retrospective memory scores. e SHS group reported signi�cantly more lapses on the PRMQ and more de�cits on the EFQ than the non-SHS group. ese �ndings provide new insights into PM and EF de�cits associated with prolonged exposure to SHS in a group of non-smokers. Possible explanations and suggestions for future research are also considered.
INFLUENCE OF INSECT ATTRACTANTS, MICRONUTRIENTS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)

SUMMARY A laboratory experiment was carried out at Seed Quality and Research Laboratory, National Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during the Rabi-Summer, 2010-11. The experiment consisted of 8 treatment combinations involving two insect attractants, A 1 - Jaggery solution @ 2% and A 2 - Commercial attractant (Bee-Q @ 0.175%), two micronutrients M 1 - Boron @ 0.8% and M 2 - Molybdenum @ 0.05% and two growth regulators. G 1 - Gibberilic Acid (GA 3 ) @ 50 ppm and G 2 - Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) @ 50 ppm. Among the insect attractants sprayed, Bee-Q recorded significantly higher test weight (2.62 g), germination percentage (91.16) and vigour index (1373) sprayed at the time of 50 per cent flowering stage and also showed lower electrical conductivity (0.264 dSm -1 ). Among the growth regulators sprayed, GA 3 (Gibberilic Acid) @ 50 ppm sprayed showed significantly higher test weight (2.60), germination percentage (92.66) and vigour index (1426) and also recorded lower EC (0.260 dS/m). Application of Molybdenum @ 0.05 per cent as foliar spray recorded significantly higher test weight (2.50 g), germination percentage (90.58) and vigour index (1332) and also recorded lower EC (0.278 dS/m). The interaction effects between insect attractants, micronutrients and growth regulators were found significant. The treatment combination of A 1 M 1 G 2 found significantly superior for seed quality parameters over all other treatment combinations.
Positive Illusory Bias in Adolescents with ADHD: Prevalence, Stability, and Accuracy of Reporters

POSITIVE ILLUSORY BIAS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ADHD: PREVALENCE, STABILITY, AND ACCURACY OF REPORTERS By Elizaveta Bourchtein, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Major Director: Joshua Langberg, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Psychology The positive illusory bias (PIB) – over-reporting levels of self-competence compared to other raters – has been demonstrated in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), despite increased impairment rates. However, due to inconsistent definitions of the PIB, conflicting findings have emerged regarding prevalence of the PIB in youth with ADHD and whether parent or child report is actually “biased” and driving the PIB. Additionally, stability of the PIB across time is unknown. The present study used person-centered methodology crosssectionally and longitudinally to evaluate the prevalence of the PIB in adolescents with ADHD. Results revealed a cross-domain global PIB group at baseline (18.4% of sample) but only a small social PIB group was present and stable across time. Parents in the PIB group were better reporters of scholastic competence relative to an objective measure than were youth. These findings suggest that the PIB may be significantly less prevalent in this population than previously thought.
Supergrid: projecting interconnection capacities for the UK

Interconnected electricity networks, supergrids, are being considered in Europe as a way to help tackle two current global challenges – rapidly increasing energy demands and rising carbon dioxide emissions. As with any new approach, there is a range of risks associated with developing interconnections, not least the availability of surplus electricity for exportation between various candidate countries. While the future is never certain, the process of generating a range of possible capacities for these interconnections should be considered as a necessary precursor for mitigating risks within decision-making processes. In facilitating this objective, this paper proposes a step-wise methodological framework for assessing the probabilities of achieving surplus capacity provision within a UK pan-European supergrid. This includes application of a newly developed tool for proposing a range of energy supply/demand scenarios in conjunction with the @Risk assessment tool. Through example scenarios it is shown how.
CO2 availability affects elemental composition (C:N:P) of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

The effect of variable CO2 concentrations on the elemental composition (C:N:P) of marine diatoms was investigated in 2 strains of Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. Five or 6 concentrations of dissolved molecular carbon dioxide [CO2 (aq)], ranging from 0.5 to 39 µmol l-1, were applied in dilute batch cultures. In both strains, elemental ratios were clearly dependent on [CO2 (aq)]. With decreasing CO2 concentrations, a decline in C:P and N:P and an increase in C:N was observed. The close correlation between C:P or N:P and [CO2 (aq)] corresponded to a ca 45 to 65% decrease in elemental ratios from highest (>=30 µmol l-1) to lowest (ca 1 µmol l-1) CO2 concentrations. C:N at low [CO2 (aq)] was up to 24% higher than at high [CO2 (aq)]. To date, the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton has been considered to be independent of CO2 availability. If dependency of the C:N:P ratio on [CO2 (aq)] proves to be a general phenomenon in marine phytoplankton, changes in the elemental composition may be expected in response to the currently observed increase in partial pressure of atmospheric CO2.
Determination of Cyanogenic Compounds Content in Transgenic Acyanogenic Kenyan Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Genotypes: Linking Molecular Analysis to Biochemical Analysis

Being the fourth most important crop in the developing countries surpassed only by maize, rice and sugarcane as a source of calories, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is doubtlessly a famine reserve crop due to its drought tolerance, ability to grow on infertile soils and its ability to recover from disease and pest attacks. However, this important tuber crop has a fair share of demerits, among which is the fact that all parts of the plant contain toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides, which have to be removed by laborious processing before cassava can be safely consumed. Conventional methods for removal of cyanogenic glycosides in cassava have seldom been successful for decades. Genetic engineering holds the key to overcoming majority of these limitations in order to produce cassava plants in which desirable traits are optimized and undesirable traits downregulated. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of cyanogenic compounds in three Kenyan cassava genotypes along with an exotic model cultivar in which cyanogenic glycosides had been downregulated via RNA interference approach in an earlier study by the authors. Cassava roots from transgenic and wild type genotypes were harvested, peeled, cut to pieces and washed three times with cold water, following cyanogenic compounds were extraction by homogenization in acid extraction medium. The supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the homogenate was analyzed for cyanogenic compounds content by spectrophotometric procedures. From this study, transgenic cassava lines with cyanide content three folds less than the cyanide content in the wild type relatives were produced. This confirmed RNAimediated downregulation of expression of cytochrome P450 genes responsible for biosynthesis of cyano-glycosides previously undertaken by the authors in an earlier study.
POLITICAL REGIME TYPE, LIBERALIZATION AND FISCAL DEFICITS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

The extant literature on market failure clearly dismisses the neoclassical economists’ argument that government intervention in economic activities is necessarily distortionary. Indeed, the Keynesian economists have shown that in the short run the government can implement effective fiscal policies capable of promoting investment and economic growth. However, it is unfortunate to note that in the past 48 years, the Nigerian economy has witnessed more fiscal deficits than surpluses. Incidentally, during these 48 years of nationhood, the country has been under military rule for 26 years. Consequently, many analyses have attempted to associate the poor fiscal outcome with military rule. This study examines the relationship between government-type and fiscal deficits using time series data for the period 1970-2008. The study applied econometric technique of ordinary least square method (OLS) and found that government-type does matter for fiscal operations in Nigeria; democratic rule was inversely related to fiscal deficits in Nigeria. In addition, the findings show that there was strong inclination for fiscal deficits to increase with financial liberalization, while liberalization of foreign trade leads to the decrease in fiscal deficits. It is recommended that government should sustain the financial sector reforms in Nigeria, encourage productive spending on infrastructure for economic growth and development under a democratic atmosphere. Appropriate mechanisms should be put in place for efficiency in public financial management. The principle of value for money should be imbibed in execution of public project to ensure accountability and transparency in the democratic government.
Document Simplicial Complex

A k-simplex is de�ned as k-dimensional geometric structure which is the convex hull of k+1 points. Given k+1 points x0; :::; xk 2 Rk which are a�nely independent, the set C = ( a0x0 + ::: + akxk ���� Xk i=0 ai = 1 and ai � 0 for all i ) ; is de�ned as the k-simplex determined by them. Simplex is a very basic building structure in abstract topology. Collection of simplexes (or simplices) under certain condition is called geometrical simplicial complex, which further helps to analyze a geometrical structure on bigger scale. An abstract simplicial complex is a purely combinatorial description of the geometric notion of a simplicial complex, consisting of a family of non-empty �nite sets closed under the operation of taking non-empty subsets. A text document can be visualized as a geometric structure in topology. A docu- ment is de�ned as a collection of words, where each word is considered to be a part of vocabulary having a certain meaning. And an n-gram is a contiguous sequence of n items from a given sample of text. Using the n-gram concept to de�ne a simplex we can construct an abstract simplicial complex out of every text document. Thus from this model, every simplex catches the local structure or behavior while a document simplicial complex, which is the collection of all n-1 simplex, captures the global be- havior of the document. We will study this considering we have a bag of documents i.e. the universal set of documents. The aim of this thesis is to understand abstract structure admitted by text doc- uments to �nd more accurately the similar documents from the given family if text documents. In our discussion, we will visualize a document as a geometrical entity and will make use of such representation of a text document to fast the process of querying, where given a query document one can �nd the semantically similar doc- uments more e�ciently in the sense of time and similarity. For example, given a set of documents as f1. \after clearing high school one joins college", 2. \College can be joined only after passing high school" and 3. \High school and college must be attended by everyone"g the document 1 and 2 are more semantically similar that 1 and 3 or 2 and 3. After a brief glance at abstract topology, we study the topological structure and behavior of text documents. A novel representation of documents is given in this thesis. Using this new structure of a text document we represent each document as a geometrical entity which further can be analyzed using topological tools. Using Earth Mover's distance and Hausdor� distance we give a new formulation to fetch semantic documents for a given query. To represent documents as a mathematical structure in some Rk, we use Word2Vec model to �nd vector representation of each word in a text document.
Effects of taxation on European multi-nationals’ financing and profits

Important determinants of multinational firms’ choice of location include, besides resource cost and infrastructure, the taxation regime through its effects on international pricing and profits. This paper investigates the effects of tax rates on firms’ profits and financing decisions by analyzing a panel of several hundred thousand European firms for the years 1985 to 2010. Results indicate that taxation has a negative effect on overall firm profits but not on returns on shareholder funds. This is consistent with the observed positive effect of corporate taxation rates on the gearing ratio, i.e. the higher corporate tax rates in a particular jurisdiction the lower the share of equity financing of firms residing in that jurisdiction. This may indicate that high-tax jurisdictions deter valuable investment by multinational enterprises because they provide incentives to locate value-driving business parts requiring more equity financing elsewhere.
Bouchard, Frederic and Larocque, Hugo and Yao, Alison M. and Travis, Christopher and De Leon, Israel and Rubano, Andrea and Karimi, Ebrahim and Oppo, Gian-Luca and Boyd, Robert W. (2016) Polarization shaping for control of nonlinear propagation. Physical Review Letters,

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The Ideal Psychology Teacher: Qualitative Analysis of Views from Brunei GCE A-Level Students and Trainee Psychology Teachers

We qualitatively explored the notion of the ideal teacher from the context of pre-university Brunei General Certificate of Education Advanced Level (GCE A-Level) psychology students and trainee psychology teachers. Both previous research and our own analyses on this concept revealed that the so-called ideal teacher was neither a perfect nor a super teacher but rather an effective instructor who was firm, fair, and a good communicator. Psychology students of various ability levels (high achievers, average students, and low scorers) gave slightly different descriptive characteristics for the ideal teacher. More-able students preferred a cognitive-oriented teacher while less-able students emphasized the affective-oriented instructor. Students in the middle range of the ability scale endorsed both cognitive and affective traits in the ideal teacher traits. Trainee psychology teachers closely resembled the higher achieving GCE A-Level psychology students in their descriptions of the ideal teacher. The findings have implications for teaching and assessing psychology students that we discuss. Further mixed-methods research was recommended to generate more insightful outcomes.
Uniaxial die compaction of food powders

This paper presents a study of uniaxial die compaction of food powders for typical food powders such as maize powder and maize grits as well as a universal binder known as microcrystalline cellulose or Avicel. This method of compaction is widely applied in the industry as it can investigate the compressibility and compactability characteristics of powders prior to handling, storage, packaging, and transportation. In the current context, a cylindrical uniaxial die of 20 mm was used to compress the powders into compact. Pressures ranging of 30 and 160 MPa were applied to the uniaxial die using a universal testing machine. It was found that Avicel powder showed the highest compactability characteristic, ability to form bonding easily. Whereas, compactability of both the coarse maize and fine maize were quite similar, which may be due to the similar chemical composition. The data were then validated using an established compression equation. The asymptotic residual modulus value reduced as the ability of the food powders to form plastic junctions - assuming that they existed - increased. For the tensile strength test, Avicel compact showed the greatest tensile strength, many times that of fine maize and coarse maize compacts. However, between the fine maize and coarse maize, fine maize had higher tensile strength which may be due to its smaller particle size, as well as the fact that the contact area may be increased, and consequently may form a more coherent compact. The results indicate that this simple approach can be used to understand the compressibility and compactability characteristics of food powders which are essential for engineering and technology application.
Effect of Achievement Goal on Achievement in Accountancy Among Higher Secondary School Students

The present study aims to examine the effect of achievement goal on achievement among higher secondary school students for the total sample. The effect of achievement goal on achievement in accountancy among higher secondary school students with respect to gender and locale was also studied. The study adopted survey method. The tools used for collecting data are Achievement Goal Inventory and Achievement Test in Accountancy. Statistical Technique used for analysis is One way Analysis of Variance. The results of the study revealed that scores of achievement in accountancy vary with the type of achievement goal pursued by the students at higher secondary level.
Short-term Stability of GNSS Satellite Clocks and its Effects on Precise Point Positioning

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) requires the availability of precise orbit and clock corrections for all satellites used. Unfortunately, only two Analysis Centers (AC) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) make GLONASS clock corrections available. Both products consist of tabular clock values with 5 minute intervals, which is not dense enough for many kinematic PPP applications. Thus, mathematical interpolation of the satellite clock corrections is required.
LOW LEVELS OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN A NOCTURNAL, FOREST-DWELLING WADER, THE EURASIAN WOODCOCK SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA

Ecological energetics have been extensively studied in the Scolopacidae, but mostly focused on coastal and wetland species. Living in forests and meadows, the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola (mean body mass 317 g) is an exceptional species among waders. Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR, including Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and thermoregulation costs, measured at rest in a respirometer chamber) and T3 hormone levels were measured on wild woodcocks wintering in France. While the Lower Critical Temperature followed predictions from allometric equations (17.5°C), BMR was low (1.2 W) and plumage insulation high compared with other shorebirds. T3 was positively correlated with SMR in the laboratory. In the field, we used T3 levels to predict Field Metabolic Rate (FMR); in winter the average FMR was around 2.8 times BMR (3.4 W). The energetic requirements of Eurasian woodcocks are lower than those of typical waders living in windy unsheltered habitats, which in turn may lead to their low BMR. Woodcocks could save energy by resting during the day in sheltered habitat and being active at night, when the costs for thermoregulation are higher.
Use of the Monte Carlo Simulation in Valuation of European and American Call Options

This thesis examines the valuation methods used for pricing European and American call options. Options are financial instruments that play an important role in the financial industry and are used in hedging, speculating and arbitraging. Because options are widely used in investing, there is a need for valuation methods that are as precise as possible. Options have been perceived as obscure financial instruments due to the lack of valuation techniques in the past. However, with the discovery of Black-Scholes Model in 1973, the first option valuation method, option trading escalated. In this thesis, the fair market value of S&P 500 index with European exercise style, The Google Option Contract and Apple Option Contract will be obtained by using the BlackScholes Model, the General Monte Carlo Simulation, The Combined Method and the Least-Squares Monte Carlo. The results from three models will be compared and contrasted in order to determine the best valuation method. Document Type Thesis Degree Name Bachelor of Arts (BA) Department or Program Economics First Advisor Carolyn Tuttle Second Advisor Mursi Hadzic Third Advisor Sugata Banerji Subject Categories Finance This thesis is available at Lake Forest College Publications: http://publications.lakeforest. edu/seniortheses/115 Lake Forest College Archives Your thesis will be deposited in the Lake Forest College Archives and the College’s online digital repository, Lake Forest College Publications. This agreement grants Lake Forest College the non-exclusive right to distribute your thesis to researchers and over the Internet and make it part of the Lake Forest College Publications site. You warrant: • that you have the full power and authority to make this agreement; • that you retain literary property rights (the copyright) to your work. Current U.S. law stipulates that you will retain these rights for your lifetime plus 70 years, at which point your thesis will enter common domain; • that for as long you as you retain literary property rights, no one may sell your thesis without your permission; • that the College will catalog, preserve, and provide access to your thesis; • that the thesis does not infringe any copyright, nor violate any proprietary rights, nor contain any libelous matter, nor invade the privacy of any person or third party; • If you request that your thesis be placed under embargo, approval from your thesis chairperson is required. By signing below, you indicate that you have read, understand, and agree to the statements above. Printed Name: Gorica Malesevic Thesis Title: Use of the Monte Carlo Simulation in Valuation of European and American Call Options This thesis is available at Lake Forest College Publications: http://publications.lakeforest. edu/seniortheses/115