Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Characterization of the Flavobacterium johnsoniae Gliding-Motility Genes gldB and gldC

The mechanism of bacterial gliding motility (active movement over surfaces without the aid of flagella) is not known. A large number of mutants of the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae (Cytophaga johnsonae) with defects in gliding motility have been previously isolated, and genetic techniques to analyze these mutants have recently been developed. We complemented a nongliding mutant of F. johnsoniae (UW102-99) with a library of wild-type DNA by using the shuttle cosmid pCP26. The complementing plasmid (pCP200) contained an insert of 26 kb and restored gliding motility to 4 of 50 independently isolated nongliding mutants. A 1.9-kb fragment which encompassed two genes, gldB and gldC, complemented all four mutants. An insertion mutation in gldB was polar on gldC, suggesting that the two genes form an operon. Disruption of the chromosomal copy of gldB in wild-type F. johnsoniae UW101 eliminated gliding motility. Introduction of the gldBC operon, or gldB alone, restored motility. gldB appears to be essential for F. johnsoniae gliding motility. It codes for a membrane protein that does not exhibit strong sequence similarity to other proteins in the databases. gldC is not absolutely required for gliding motility, but cells that do not produce GldC form colonies that spread less well than those of the wild type. GldC is a soluble protein and has weak sequence similarity to the fungal lectin AOL.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le An eye-tracking study on grammatical encoding during L 2 sentence product ion : A pilot study 著者

People are said to go through a grammatical encoding process before articulating the intended speech (Levelt, 1989). Broadly speaking, grammatical encoding is a process of lexical selection and syntactic structure construction (Bock & Levelt, 1994). According to some research, eye movements are thought to represent the process of language processing, and in particular, the process of grammatical encoding (e.g., Griffin & Bock, 2000; Ono et al., 2009). Thirty-three Japanese EFL learners participated in the present study. They described a pictured event in English, and during this task, their eye movements were examined in order to investigate the grammatical encoding process. Participants were divided into three groups based on their English speaking proficiency. As a result, the middle group exhibited the highest matching rate of the initially uttered word and the object gazed upon immediately before the utterance in most targets. The agreement rate of the last object gazed upon prior to the utterance and the initial utterance was highest for the middle group on average as well. Utterance length per syllable was longer in the lower group than the upper and middle groups. However, when gaze count and gaze duration towards each object in the picture was analyzed, little consistency was found among the targets. These results indicate a possibility for grammatical encoding process to follow the reversed U-shaped developmental process. It also suggests that producing a subject word is a process of relatively small workload, while building the remaining structure of the sentence is likely to be demanding for novice level speakers. 49 An eye-tracking study on grammatical encoding during L2 sentence production: A pilot study
Mobile Information Systems 1 Joint user pairing and power allocation scheme based on 2 transmission mode switching between NOMA based maximum 3 ratio transmission and MMSE beamforming in downlink MISO 4 systems

10 This paper investigates the design of the joint user pairing and power allocation scheme with transmission mode 11 switching (TMS) in downlink multiple-input-single-output (MISO) systems. Firstly, the closed-form 12 expressions of the boundary of achievable rate region of two candidate transmission modes, i.e., non-orthogonal 13 multiple access based maximum ratio transmission (NOMA-MRT) and minimum mean square error 14 beamforming (MMSE-BF), are obtained. By obtaining the outer boundary of the union of the achievable rate 15 regions of the two transmission modes, an adaptive switching method is developed to achieve a larger rate 16 region. Secondly, based on the idea that the solution to the problem of weighted sum rate (WSR) optimization 17 must be on the boundary of the achievable rate region, the optimal solutions to the problem of WSR 18 optimization for NOMA-MRT and MMSE-BF are obtained for the two-user case, respectively. Subsequently, 19 by exploiting the optimal solutions aforementioned for two transmission modes and the high efficiency of TMS, 20 a suboptimal User pairing and Power Allocation algorithm (JUPA) is proposed to further improve sum-rate 21 performance for the multi-user case. Compared with the Exhaustive Search based user Pairing and Power 22 Allocation algorithm (ES-PPA), the proposed JUPA can enjoy a much lower computational complexity and 23 only suffer a slight sum-rate performance loss, whereas outperforms other traditional schemes. Finally, 24 numerical results are provided to validate the analyses and the proposed algorithms.
New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α, and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = mp/me, are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆μ/μ = (0.096± 0.182) × 10−7. The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.
Further Progress in CCD Photometry

I comment on some of the steps required to convert raw instrumental mag nitudes, derived by profile-fitting or synthetic-aperture photometry from CCD images, to final calibrated photometry on a standard system. The status of the DAO program to obtain homogeneous BV photometry for star clusters and nearby galaxies will also be discussed.
Verifying the Detection Results of Impersonation Attacks in Service Clouds

A web service impersonation is a class of attacks in which an attacker poses as or assumes the identity of a legitimate service to maliciously utilize that service’s privileges. Providing security for interacting cloud services requires more than user authentication with passwords or digital certificates and confidentiality in data transmission. In this paper, we focus on the service cloud model, which facilitates the composition and communication among web services owned by different cloud vendors. We develop a distributed mechanism to detect and mitigate impersonation attacks against web services in the cloud. The detection approach monitors the behavior of each service and identifies anomalies as a potential impersonation attack if it deviates significantly from the expected behavior. To verify the impersonation attack, we deploy a cloud-based verification technique, misleading suspicious services with useless responses. The experimental results show that modeling request behavior reliably detects a significant number of impersonation attempts, with a performance degradation that is a reasonable trade-off.
Energy Efﬁcient Real-time Scheduling Algorithm for Microcontroller Units

—Mobile smart devices are advancing with stronger demands of high energy efﬁciency and longer battery life. Utilizing energy-efﬁcient microcontroller units (MCU) in a mobile device for always-on functionalities is proved to be an effective solution. MCUs have the ability to switch between different running modes dynamically enabling them to have outstanding low power performance while performing real-time sensing tasks. Besides hardware optimization, balancing energy efﬁciency and quality of service on a MCU lies within a well designed scheduling algorithm. In this paper, we formally deﬁne, model and derive a proper scheduling algorithm that guarantees that the task set is schedulable and minimizes power consumption. Our ﬁndings open up additional research of optimizing real-time scheduling algorithms with less energy consumption on an MCU while guaranteeing the quality of service, i.e., the schedulability of the given real-time task set.
CCSL: specifying clock constraints with UML/MARTE

The OMG UML Proﬁle for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems ( MARTE ) aims at using the general-purpose modeling language UML in the domain of Real-Time and Embedded ( RTE ) systems. To achieve this goal, it is absolutely required to introduce inside the mainly untimed UML an unambiguous time structure which MARTE model elements can rely on to build precise models amenable to formal analysis. MARTE Time model has deﬁned such a structure. We have also deﬁned a non-normative concrete syntax called CCSL to demonstrate what can be done based on this structure. This paper gives a brief overview of this syntax and its formal semantics and shows how existing UML model elements can be used to apply this syntax in a graphical way and beneﬁt from the semantics
ApH-Dependent Accumulation of Tetracycline in Escherichia coli

The effects of ionophores on tetracycline accumulation in Escherichia coli cells were investigated in the presence of polymyxin B nonapeptide. Accumulation was inhibited by nigericin but not by valinomycin. Tetracycline accumulation was stimulated by decreasing the pH of the medium and inhibited by the addition of magnesium ions. These results indicated that tetracycline enters cells through diffusion as a protonated form (TH2) and is accumulated as a membrane-impermeable magnesium-tetracycline chelate complex (THMg+). This noncarrier diffusion hypothesis was confirmed by the fact that tetracycline accumulated in protein-free liposomes through an artificially imposed pH difference.
Mutation Affecting the Specificity Domain for Prohead Binding of the Bacteriophage

Genetic studies have identified a specificity domain for prohead binding in the C-terminal 32 amino acids of gpA, the large subunit of bacteriophage k terminase (S. Frackman, D. A. Siegele, and M. Feiss, J. Mol. Biol. 180:283-300, 1984). In the present work, an amber mutation, Aam42, in the fifth-to-last codon of the A gene was found to be lethal in nonsuppressing hosts. The mutation, expected to generate gpA lacking the last five amino acids, caused the production of a terminase that cut cos efficiently both in vivo and in vitro but was defective in DNA packaging. k Aam42 lysates contained unused proheads, consistent with a defect in prohead binding. Aam42 terminase was more strongly dependent than wild-type terminase on gpFI, the catalyst of prohead binding. Like wild-type terminase, Aam42 terminase did not cut cos in vivo when prohead assembly was blocked by a mutation in one of the genes encoding the prohead.
Direct and Indirect Tests for Randomness

The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of randomness in data analysis. We point out the difference between random data and random selection. The scope of this paper is limited to randomness in discrete data. We explain the various tests used by NIST as the basis to understand randomness testing in discrete data. We also present an indirect test for randomness by relying on trend testing. Randomness is defined as lacking predictable pattern. Predictable pattern may be seen through trend. We argue that if there is a significant trend, the series is not random and vice versa. In this paper, we claim that trend test may be used an indirect test for randomness.
Within-ejaculate sperm competition 1

Sperm competition has been defined by Geoff Parker 50 years ago as the competition between 4 sperm from two or more males over the fertilisation of a set of eggs. Since the publication of his seminal 5 paper, sperm competition has developed into a large field of research, and many aspects are still being 6 discovered. One of the relatively poorly understood aspects is the importance of selection and competition 7 among sperm within the ejaculate of a male. The sheer number of sperm produced in a male’s ejaculate 8 suggests that the competition among sibling sperm produced by the same male may be intense. In this review, 9 we summarise Parker’s theoretical models generating predictions about the evolution of sperm traits under 10 the control of the diploid male as opposed to the haploid gamete. We review the existing evidence of within11 ejaculate competition from a wide range of fields and taxa. We also discuss the conceptual and practical 12 hurdles we have been facing to study within-ejaculate sperm competition, and how novel technologies may 13 help addressing some of the currently open questions. 14
Ca-Transport ATPases of Vascular Smooth Muscle

To characterize the Ca-transport properties of the plasma membrane and of the endopiasmic reticuium of bovine pulmonary artery, membrane vesicles are subfractionated by a procedure of density-gradient centrifugation that takes advantage of the selective effect of digitonin on the density of plasma-membrane vesicles. The obtained endoplasmic-reticulum fraction contains hardly any plasma-membrane vesicles, whereas the plasma-membrane fraction is still contaminated by a substantial amount of endoplasmic-reticulum vesicles. An adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) energized Ca-transport system and a Ca-stimulated ATPase activity are present in both subcellular fractions. The Ca transport by the plasma membrane is catalyzed by a (Ca,Mg)-ATPase of M, 130,000. It binds calmodulin and it has a low steady-state phosphoprotein intermediate level. The endoplasmicreticulum vesicles contain a Ca-transport ATPase of Mr 100,000 that is characterized by a high steady-state phosphointermediate level. It is antigenicaJly related to the Ca-pump protein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticuium. Phospholamban, the regulatory protein of the Ca-transport enzyme of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticuium, is also present In the endopiasmic reticuium of the pulmonary artery. A comparison of these fractions with the previously characterized fractions from porcine gastric smooth muscle reveals important differences in the basal Mg -̂ATPase activity, in the ratio of the (Ca,Mg)-ATPase of the plasmaJemma to that of the endopiasmic reticuium, and in the ratio of the (Na,K)-ATPase activity to the plasmalemmal (Ca,Mg)-ATPase activity. These differences can be ascribed in part to the species and in part to the tissue. These data suggest that in the bovine pulmonary artery the Ca extrusion via the ATP-dependent Ca pump may have a less predominant role, and that the Ca uptake by the endopiasmic reticuium, and possibly also the Ca extrusion via the Na-Ca exchanger could be more important in this tissue than in the porcine stomach. (Circulation Research 1988;62:266-278)
the first Lessepsian squid migrant,

Loliginid squids of the Sepioteuthis lessoniana complex are widely spread in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, where they constitute a commercially important resource for neritic fisheries. Sepioteuthis lessoniana is the only Lessepsian squid migrant till now, recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean in 2002 along the Turkish Levantine coasts. Two maturing males, with mantle lengths 193 mm and 244 mm, have been recently caught near the coasts of Rhodes Island (SE Aegean), extending the species distribution northward, into Hellenic waters. Their identity was confirmed by comparison of the main body, beak characteristics and morphometric measurements with those available in the literature for this species. Suspected expansion of the Lessepsian loliginid into the Aegean Sea, due to the gradual warming of the sea, is dis-cussed.
Sampling the CueFeeCo phase diagram by severe plastic deformation for enhanced soft magnetic properties

Initial powder mixtures of Cu, Fe and Co are exposed to severe plastic deformation by highpressure torsion to prepare solid solutions. A broad range of compositions is investigated, whereas this study aims at the synthesis of soft magnetic materials and therefore at the formation of a homogeneous and nanocrystalline microstructure. For intermediate ferromagnetic contents, high-pressure torsion at room temperature yields single-phase supersaturated solid solutions. For higher ferromagnetic contents, two consecutive steps of high-pressure torsion deformation at different temperatures yield the desired nanocrystalline microstructure. Depending on the Co-to-Fe-ratio, either a single-phase supersaturated solid solution or a nanocomposite forms. The composite exhibits an enhanced magnetic moment, indicating the formation of a (Fe,Co)-alloy upon severe plastic deformation. Soft magnetic properties are verified for large Co-to-Fe-ratios and this microstructure is found to remain stable up to 400 C. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
An Innovative Approach to Multimodal Cancer Treatment: Combining Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a promising modality of cancer treatment that has shown encouraging results in patients with a variety of tumor types, most notably in metastatic melanoma. durable responses seen in a minority of patients are impressive, and have led to the search for adjunctive therapies to increase response rates. Radiotherapy is capable of inciting inflammation and increasing T cell infiltration in tumors, making it an attractive candidate for combination therapy. The synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy has been described for checkpoint inhibitors in a small number of patients. Furthermore, total body irradiation has been used in adoptive cell transfer protocols with improved outcomes. While these therapies are in the early stages of clinical application, definitive studies are needed to clarify the role of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy. We review the current evidence for these combinations and highlight ongoing studies of these multimodal approaches to cancer therapy.
Membrane Protein in Bacillus licheniformis

When nitrogen-starved vegetative cells of Bacillus licheniformis A5 were presented with a good nitrogen source in the presence of chloramphenicol and methyl-labeled methionine, a 40-kilodalton (kDa) protein was found to be reversibly methylated, with a half-life of approximately 10 to 15 min. The 40-kDa protein was strongly methylated in response to the addition of ammonia, glutamine, or sodium glutamate (nitrogen sources that produce generation times of <90 min) but was very poorly methylated in the absence of a nitrogen source or in the presence of potassium glutamate or histidine (generation times of >150 min). The methylated protein was found to be membrane associated, but the methylation reaction did not appear to be related to chemotaxis, because the spectrum of nutrients that promoted methylation was different from that which prompted a chemotactic response. In addition, the methyl residue on the 40-kDa protein was found to be alkali stable. Approximately 180 to 640 molecules of the methylated protein were found per cell. The characteristics of this methylated protein were consistent with the hypothesis that the reversible methylation of the protein functions in nutrient sensing to regulate growth, cell division, and the initiation of sporulation.
AENDO January 41/1

D. ENETTE LARSON-MEYER,1 BRADLEY R. NEWCOMER,2 GARY R. HUNTER,3 JAMES E. MCLEAN,3 HOBY P. HETHERINGTON,4 AND ROLAND L. WEINSIER1 1Division of Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition Sciences, 2Department of Critical and Diagnostic Care, and 3Department of Human Studies, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; and 4Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
Commentary: Spontaneous Ventilation in the Setting of Early Severe Stabilized ARDS: Heresy?

After 50 years of research in the field of severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (PaO2/FiO2<100), according to Villar, et al., only 3 interventions stand out: low tidal volume (Vt), muscle relaxants and prone positioning. Nevertheless, some authors have proposed various modalities of spontaneous ventilation in the setting of early severe ARDS. We surmise that immediately after stabilization of acute cardio-ventilatory distress, an “analytical” management of early severe ARDS should include the following: reduced ventilatory demands (i.e. minimized O2 consumption: normothermia, etc.); improved cardiac output; upright positioning; minimized work of breathing, defined by a normalized tidal volume and respiratory rate; normalized acidosis; minimal hypercapnia; high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP: 10-24 cm H2O); low-level pressure support; and sedation without respiratory depression or cognitive side effects evoked by alpha-2 agonists. Such an analytical bundle requires evidence-based demonstration. Intra-Abdominal Pressure; LV: Left Ventricle; NIH: National Institutes of Health; NIV: Non-Invasive Ventilation; NMB: Neuromuscular Blockers; PaO 2 /FiO 2 =P/F: Oxygenation Index; PEEP: Positive End Expiratory Pressure; Pflex: Pressure measured at inflexion of inspiratory or expiratory pressure-volume curve; Pplat: Plateau Pressure; PS: Pressure Support; P-V curve: Pressure-Volume curve; MOF: Multiple Organ Failure; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; RR: Respiratory Rate; RV: Right Ventricle; SV: Spontaneous Ventilation; SsvcO 2 : O 2 Saturation in the Superior Vena Cava; TAPSE: Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion; “upright” position: 60 o head up reverse Trendelenburg position with legs down; VA: Alveolar Ventilation; VO 2 : Whole-Body O 2 Consumption; Vt: Tidal Volume; WOB: Work of Breathing, respiratory work
Cyclic Carotenoid Formation

Carotenoids with cyclic end groups are essential components of the photosynthetic membranes in all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. These lipid-soluble compounds protect against photooxidation, harvest light for photosynthesis, and dissipate excess light energy absorbed by the antenna pigments. The cyclization of lycopene (v,v-carotene) is a key branch point in the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis. Two types of cyclic end groups are found in higher plant carotenoids: the p and E rings. Carotenoids with two p rings are ubiquitous, and those with one p and one E r ing are common; however, carotenoids with two E rings are rare. We have identified and sequenced cDNAs that encode the enzymes catalyzing the formation of these two rings in Arabidopsis. These p and E cyclases are encoded by related, single-copy genes, and both enzymes use the linear, symmetrical lycopene as a substrate. However, the E cyclase adds only one ring, forming the monocyclic 8-carotene (E,v-carotene), whereas the p cyclase introduces a ring at both ends of lycopene to form the bicyclic p-carotene (p,p-carotene). When combined, the p and E cyclases convert lycopene to a-carotene (p,E-carotene), a carotenoid with one p and one E ring. The inability of the E cyclase to catalyze the introduction of a second E ring reveals the mechanism by which production and proportions of p,pand p,E-carotenoids may be controlled and adjusted in plants and algae, while avoiding the formation of the inappropriate E,&-carotenoids.