Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The wounds of post-socialism: a systematic review of the social determinants of mortality in Hungary

Abstract Eastern Europe underwent one of the most dramatic economic and demographic changes in recent history with skyrocketing mortality rates in some countries during the 1990s. The case of Hungary among the post-socialist transition countries is puzzling for several reasons. Although the Hungarian transition has often been characterized as smooth and successful, a look at the human dimension of the transformation reveals large costs and a slow improvement. Based on the analysis of 29 articles we provide a systematic review of the empirical evidence about the social determinants of mortality in post-socialist Hungary establishing a hierarchy of causes. Socio-economic position, mental health, social capital, alcohol consumption, stress and social integration are the most important explanatory variables that received attention by the researchers. Although economic policies might have played a central role in the rise of mortality there is no empirical research on the political economy of health in Hungary. No critical analysis of post-socialism can be complete without assessing the human costs of economic transformation. Social scientists have much to learn from social epidemiologists who have designed robust methodologies and complex theoretical frameworks to analyse the political economic determinants of health.
Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association Response to Nesto

The introduction of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) has been greeted with enthusiasm in part because of their ability to lower glucose by addressing an underlying pathological feature of diabetes and because TZDs have the potential to ameliorate several cardiovascular markers. This enthusiasm has been tempered by safety concerns. We, therefore, read with interest the American Diabetes Association/American Heart Association consensus statement (1) regarding …
On the technicalities of discovering and applying protein biomarkers for cancer prevention

Primary prevention of cancer is one of the key approaches used to combat cancer. By identifying people at high risk of developing cancer, it becomes possible to develop intervention efforts on prevention rather than treatment. Prevention includes avoiding exposure to known cancer-causing agents, enhancement of host-defence mechanisms, modifying lifestyle and chemoprevention. The latter is the use of specific agents to suppress or reverse carcinogenesis and thereby prevent the development of cancers. Understanding primary molecular events in tumour development is therefore the key. The causes of cancer first produce reversible changes in the target cells, and a long interval is expected between cancer induction and the presentation of disease. Up to now, we had no reliable biomarkers to monitor these primary events, to select high-risk groups and individuals likely to get cancer, and to monitor preventive treatments or strategies to normalize these markers and prevent the individual from getting cancer. Recent developments in proteomic research, however, promise to deliver on these major needs. We here describe the technological armatorium of, and the recent advances in the field of protein biomarker discovery and discuss the future use of protein biomarkers for (1) reliable identification of high-risk groups; (2) clinical guidance of preventive strategies; and (3) elucidation of the mechanism of action for novel (natural product) prevention therapies and regimens. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 13:437–446 c 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
HIV DNA two long terminal repeat circles : observations and interpretations

The editorial by Bushman [1] on HIV DNA two long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles concluded that they are not a valid or useful new surrogate marker for monitoring persistent viral replication in patients whose plasma HIV-1-RNA level has been reduced to undetectable levels by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The author cited experiments performed in his laboratory and in the collaborating laboratory of Siliciano using transformed cell lines, vectors and X4 laboratory adapted isolates of HIV-1 [2,3]. He concluded that 2-LTR circles are intrinsically stable and that the decline in 2-LTR circles when SupT1 cells are infected can be accounted for by syncytia formation and cell death. However, when a non-cytopathic HIVbased vector is used, the circles decline in proportion to their dilution during cell division. Therefore, different results were obtained depending upon whether a virus or a vector was used to perform the experiments.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFrArED-BASED LOW COST BIDIrECTIONAL COUNTEr

The aim of this research was the development of low cost infrared-based bidirectional counting system that could be deployed to take the count of people entering/exiting a given space. People counting system in crowded places is a practical application that can be approached via varieties of ways, which vary in the level of complexity. The control circuit of the developed device was built around AT89C52 microcontroller, JK flip-flop and operational amplifier as comparator. The sensor network is made of two pairs of infrared transmitter and receiver circuit. Light emitting diode was used as the transmitter while a phototransistor is utilized as the receiver. Provision was made for visual display of the count through the use of seven-segment display module. As counting is not usually limited to the entry/exit point of a place, the developed bidirectional counter could as well be deployed in a wide range of applications that provide information for management of the volume and flow into a location. This paper describes the relevance of this design in meeting the expectations for safety and security in the society.
CD38RCD8R T-cells negatively correlate with CD4 central memory cells in virally suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals

ISSN Objective: Studies have found that CD8 T-cell activation, as measured by CD38 expression, in HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive therapy for longer than 12 months is not predictive of CD4 T-cell recovery. Owing to the fact that reconstitution of memory and naive T-cell populations occurs differentially over time, this study evaluated whether distinct memory/naive CD4 T-cell subsets correlated with CD38 on CD8 T-cells.
Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty

The metal-on-metal bearing couple is having a resurgence in clinical applications seen in total hip and hip resurfacing technologies. The most noteworthy advantage of a metal-onmetal implant is the improved wear characteristics seen in vitro on wear simulators and in vivo with retrieved implants. All bearings have disadvantages, and a metal-on-metal bearing is no exception. Concerns exist regarding the generation of metal ions seen in the blood and urine of patients with metal-on-metal implants. These elevated metal ions have theoretical, although not proven, risks related to carcinogenic and biologic concerns. Additionally, concerns exist regarding hypersensitivity, increased incidence of instability and increased costs. Specific patient selection issues arise with metal-on-metal implants. The current generation of implants has only early and mid-term results available, with no long-term series yet published. Therefore, although a metalon-metal bearing may be considered a viable alternative to either polyethylene or ceramic implants, outstanding and unresolved issues continue to exist with this bearing, as they do with the alternatives.
Emergence and Evolution of Property Rights: An Agent Based Model Perspective

The aim of this project is to develop an agent based simulation model in order to understand the emergence of property rights in spatial settings and analyze the structural dynamics of different property regimes like for example private and common property. The research agenda is structured as follows. We provide a review on the theoretical tool which have been applied to analyze the emergence and the evolution of property rights. We contend that agent based models (ABMs), through their focus on adaptive complex systems, integrate and foster the analytical capacity of traditional approaches in several directions. Subsequently we present an agent based model which is grounded on the work of Gintis (2007). Firstly, the model aims to replicate the original results in an ABM environment. Secondly, we aim to test the equilibria of property and anti-property in their robustness to the unpredictable elements introduced by the use of ABM. Thirdly, we analyze changes in agents’ strategic choices after the introduction of heterogeneous formation of expectations and different space exploration patterns.
Neural Networks for Text Classification

With the instant growth of information, text classification has become a vital technique for handling and organizing text data. It plays an important role in information extraction, text summarization, text retrieval, medical diagnosis, news group filtering, spam filtering, and sentiment analysis. Text classification is a foundation task in many Natural Language Processing(NLP) applications. Traditional text classifiers often rely on many human-designed features, such as dictionaries, knowledge bases and special tree kernels. In contrast to traditional methods, a recurrent convolutional neural network can be used for text classification without human-designed features. In our model, we apply a recurrent structure to capture contextual information when learning word representations, which may introduce considerably less noise compared to traditional approach. We also employ a max-pooling layer that automatically judges which words play key roles in text classification to capture the key components in texts. We use Gensim which is a topic modelling library for Python that provides access to Word2Vec and other word embedding algorithms for training, and it also allows pre-trained word embeddings to be downloaded from the internet and to be loaded. The vector representations of words learned by word2vec models can carry semantic meanings and are useful in various NLP tasks. Word embedding is a type of mapping that allows words with similar meaning to have similar representation. This work will classify text using neural networks, word embedding methods and Word2Vec with their implementation in Gensim.
Testing and Understanding Error Recovery Code in Java Applications

Server applications are expected to handle lower level faults and keep them from bringing down the whole system. Java provides a program-level exception handling mechanism in response to error conditions (that are translated into exceptions by Java VM). However, exception handling code is often widely scattered throughout an application and untested. This paper presents a program visualization tool ExTest that shows precisely all the handlers for exceptions triggered by certain kinds of operations, and for each of these handlers all the witness paths of how the operation would be triggered. Thus ExTest helps programmers understand the exception handling behavior of Java programs and also facilitates testing exception handling code.
Secure Key Management and Verification of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configured nodes that are connected to each other without any static infra-structure like conventional wired networks. This attractive technology offers many interesting applications in different areas such as rescue operations, and army war zones. However, MANETs are exposed to many security challenges. The conventional security solutions for wired or wireless networks are ineffective and inefficient due to cooperative nature of MANETs. A significant amount of research is found in the literature to address these security challenges. In this paper, we have reviewed many proposed security solutions. We have proposed modified security architecture to address some security issues. Then we have used formal methods to define the security architecture using Z notation. Finally we have analyzed and verified these specifications using Z/Eves toolset.
CAN RUNNING CAUSE OSTEOARTHRITIS?

LEARNING OBJECTIVE The reader will recognize the cause of osteoarthritis as multifactorial; appreciate the controversies evident in current literature related to osteoarthritis and running; identify advantages and disadvantages of running for exercise in an aging population; and utilize multiple strategies to mitigate risks and optimize benefits of running in disease prevention.
Electronic data review, client reminders, and expanded clinic hours for improving cervical cancer screening rates after the COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns: A multicomponent quality improvement program

Objective: To improve cervical cancer screening (CCS) rates, the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center (EBNHC) implemented a Quality Improvement (QI) initiative from March to August 2021. Methods: Staff training was provided. A 21-provider team validated overdue CCS indicated by electronic medical record data. To improve screening, CCS-only sessions were created during regular clinic hours (n=5) and weekends/evenings (n=8). Patients were surveyed on their experience. Results: 6126 charts were reviewed. Of the list of overdue patients, outreach was performed to 1375 patients to schedule the 13 sessions. A total of 459 (33%) of patients completed screening, 622 (45%) could not be reached, and 203 (15%) canceled or missed appointments. The proportion of total active patients who were up to date with CCS increased from 68% in March to 73% in August 2021. Survey results indicated high patient satisfaction, and only 42% of patients would have scheduled CCS without outreach. Conclusions: The creation of a validated patient chart list and extra clinical sessions devoted entirely to CCS improved up-to-date CCS rates. However, high rates of unsuccessful outreach and cancelations limited sustainability. This information can be used by other community health centers to optimize clinical workflows for CCS.Funding: All funding was internal from EBNHC Adult Medicine, Family Medicine, and Womens Health Departments
Osteolysis of the Pelvis

Osteolysis of the pelvis is a common and wellrecognized complication associated with total hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis and treatment of osteolysis of the pelvis is a challenging and controversial problem. Osteolysis of the pelvis often is asymptomatic and does not present with symptoms until considerable bone loss and loosening of the acetabular socket occur. Radiographs are the most common way to detect and monitor osteolysis around an implant. However, lesions viewed radiographically usually are underestimations of the lesions found intraoperatively. Moreover, some advocate computed tomography scanning to evaluate these lesions. The indications for treatment of osteolysis with cemented acetabular components are defined more clearly than with a cementless component. If the cemented or cementless acetabular component is loose, then revision is necessary. However, it is less clear when to intervene surgically with a well-fixed cup with osteolysis. Many early reports advocated the removal of a wellfixed socket during revision surgery for osteolysis and polyethylene wear. However, the removal of a well-fixed socket has the potential for significant damage and loss of the surrounding bone resulting in loss of integrity of a column or pelvic discontinuity, which may compromise placing another acetabular component. Recently, a new treatment strategy of retaining a well-fixed socket, exchanging the liner, and grafting lesions has proven successful. Without the removal of the acetabular shell, different techniques are needed to graft the osteolytic lesions. Osteolysis is a difficult problem; however, with radiographic surveillance to monitor patients for lesions, proper indications, and good surgical techniques, the treatment of osteolysis of the pelvis can result in a well-functioning total hip arthroplasty.
Entrepreneurship and Economic Conditions: Evidence from Regional Windfall Gains∗

We study the effect of local economic conditions on entrepreneurial activity using the randomized assignment of monetary prizes provided by the Spanish Christmas Lottery. Lottery winners tend to be geographically concentrated as tickets are typically sold by local outlets and have a large economic impact on a local community. We find higher firm creation in winning provinces. This increase is also present in tradable and manufacturing industries, especially in regions with low bank loan supply, supporting the hypothesis that financial constraints can impair firm creation. Our results suggest that local demand and financial constraints are important drivers of entrepreneurial activity. JEL classification: D14, L26
SEGMENTATION OF FOREGROUND-BACKGROUND USING DEPTH INFORMATION IN MOTION VIDEO

Foreground-background segmentation is a significant problem in computer visualization, and it has numerous applications. We propose a system of Automatic foreground-background segmentation based on strength from coded space. This technique first calculates a coarse in depth map using technique of coded aperture depth origin, then approximation of the broad area of foreground. At last, in order to acquire the foreground, we use the GrabCut algorithm to part the image. The entire progress is fully automatic, without any physical intrusion. Experiments have proved its success. And we also did some easy examples for appliance.
Bounded verification of message-passing concurrency in Go using Promela and Spin

This paper describes a static verification framework for the message-passing fragment of the Go programming language. Our framework extracts models that over-approximate the message-passing behaviour of a program. These models, or behavioural types, are encoded in Promela, hence can be efficiently verified with Spin. We improve on previous works by verifying programs that include communication-related parameters that are unknown at compile-time, i.e., programs that spawn a parameterised number of threads or that create channels with a parameterised capacity. These programs are checked via a bounded verification approach with bounds provided by the user.
Stimulation of Hypertrophy of Cultured Neonatal Rat Heart Cells through an α1‐Adrenergic Receptor and Induction of Beating through an α1‐ and β1‐Adrenergic Receptor Interaction: Evidence for Independent Regulation of Growth and Beating

Catecholamines may be one of the molecular signals linking increased circulatory demand to myocardial hypertrophy, and I have found previously that norepinephrine stimulates hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat heart muscle cells through an α1-adrenergic receptor. Since catecholamine stimulation of contractility is believed to be under β-adrenergic control, I asked whether these cultured heart cells had dual pathways regulating growth and contractility through α- and β-adrenergic receptors, respectively. I examined the effect of adrenergic agents on hypertrophy and beating of myocytes in serum-free cultures. Hypertrophy was defined as an increase in myocyte surface area and in cell protein content, measured by a radioisotopic method, and chronotropic activity was examined visually. Norepinephrine and epinephrine were equipotent stimulants of hypertrophy and beating, increasing cell protein and area 1.5- to 2-fold, and the proportion of beating cells from 5% or less to 95%. Response maxima occurred 24–48 hours after exposure, and EC50 were 20–200 nM. Studies with other agonists (phenylephrine, methoxamine, clonidine, isoproterenol, dopamine) and antagonists (prazosin, terazosin, yohimbine, propranolol, betaxolol, ICI 118,551) indicated that hypertrophy was mediated through an α1-adrenergic receptor, whereas the induction of beating required both α1- and β1-receptor activation. Hypertrophied cells with minimal beating were produced by α-stimulation, alone. In contrast, α-plus β-stimulation in the presence of cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis resulted in maximum bearing but no hypertrophy. These findings imply that growth and beating can be regulated independently through separate cellular pathways.
HOW MUCH PROGRESS HAVE WE MADE IN UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION ?

Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is the consequence of myocardial ischemia and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, particularly when the left ventricle (LV) is impaired and in older and/or sicker patients. The degree of chronic mitral regurgitation after a myocardial infarction (MI) is an independent marker of severity of heart disease and a predictor of mortality. This has been well documented by Grigioni and colleagues in their seminal paper [1] showing only 29% survival at 5 years when effective regurgitant orifice was over 20 mm. Basically, there are two important steps to better understand and better treat patients with IMR. The first step is the analysis of the patient history of ischemic heart disease, the degree of LV dysfunction, and the dynamics of mitral regurgitation occurrence and progression. Analyzing this dynamic aspect of mitral regurgitation related to the LV functional and morphologic changes over time is critical and carries a predictive value for longterm benefit of surgery. The second step is the analysis of the severity and mechanism(s) of the mitral regurgitation in light of functional anatomy (Carpentier classification). Those two steps should confirm the indication for surgery, the likelihood of mitral valve repair, and the potential benefit of repair over mitral valve replacement. From a surgical standpoint, analysis of the mechanism of mitral regurgitation is critical. How tethered is the posterior leaflet (Carpentier type IIIb)? How abnormal is the anterior leaflet motion? Is it false prolapse overshooting the posterior leaflet or just not reaching it? Is the mitral regurgitation jet central or eccentric? Is there apical displacement of both papillary muscles? How dilated is the LV? Is it superior to 65 mm in diastole, or 50 mm in systole? Is the LV dysfunction global or only regional? How scarred is the LV and how reversible is the LV dysfunction? Can further revascularization be beneficial and added to the mitral valve repair to facilitate LV remodeling?
Idiosyncratic Pain Patterns During Exhaustive Exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamical distribution of pain in constant cycling and running tasks up to the point of exhaustion. Ten participants (M = 20.8 years old, SD = ± 1.03) ran and cycled at a “hard” intensity level (e.g., Borg’s RPE (6–20) = 15). During task performance, participants reported their pain on a body map every 15s. Three distinct and consistent pain distribution patterns emerged: adders who added pain locations, jumpers who switched among pain locations, and adders-jumpers who both added and switched among pain locations throughout the effort. These distribution patterns had a significant effect (p < .001) on pain stability (i.e., the time spent within the same pain location) and on total number of changes in pain locations (p < 0.04); which differed between the adders and jumpers (p < .035). Task endurance was associated with the total number of changes of pain locations (r = .46, p < .04). Finally, a significant effect of time on the number of symmetric locations χ2 (10,4) = 16.17, p < . 003 emerged in running. Idiosyncratic pain distribution patterns with more switching among pain locations throughout effort seemed to increase time on task. Further scientific evidence is needed for confirming the extent to which idiosyncratic pain distribution patterns account for and/or help pain management within clinical settings.