Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing-aware clock gating of pulsed-latch circuits for low power design

Low power design is a crucial issue in modern circuit design. Several techniques have been developed to save power consumption. Of those techniques, the pulsed-latch technologies replace flip-flops with pulsed latches due to smaller capacitance of the latter. Additionally, the clock gating of pulsed-latch circuit, which is called pulser gating, has been developed recently to further reduce power consumption. However, pulser gating may incur a timing violation in the clock gating cell, making it impossible to operate the pulser gating correctly, and ultimately causing a fatal error in the circuits. Therefore, this work propose an algorithm to resolve the problem of pulser gating and timing constraints simultaneously. We use a line-search algorithm to determine gate location to satisfy the timing constraint and apply the minimum-cost maximum-flow network to globally determine the clock-tree topology of pulsed-latch circuits. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce power consumption with timing constraint effectively compared to state-of-the-art proposed.
An efficient fusion approach based on two dimensional subspace feature for SAR images recognition

In this paper, we present an efficient fusion approach to identify synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images. Firstly, we consider the problem of two dimension linear discrininant analysis (2DLDA) and propose a new two dimensional method named as two dimensional subclass discriminant analysis (2DSDA), which can deal with multimodally distributed data. Secondly, we present a two dimensional features fusion method, which can reduce the feature dimension and the correlation. This approach is tested on MSTAR Public Release SAR data using standard and extended operation conditions. And experiments show that this fusion approach is feasible and effective.
Research issues in RDF management systems

Resource Description Framework (RDF) and SPARQL are some of the common terms we hear with the Semantic Web. RDF is the de-facto standard for data representation on the Semantic Web. The universal adoption of this standard can be attributed to the fact that it has a flexible model. Due to the widespread adoption of Semantic web, a sudden steep increase in the amount of RDF data has been witnessed. This massive volume of RDF data can't be handled by the traditional Centralized RDF management systems. Thus comes into the picture the need for Distributed RDF data management systems which can distribute this RDF data on a cluster of nodes. So, the bottlenecks of the Centralized RDF systems regarding volume and efficient querying can be overcome. This paper presents a detailed description and comparison of the different Centralized and Distributed RDF data management systems.
Study on signal transmission performance of microwave multi-chip modules interconnect via hole structure

This paper taking the microstrip-via hole-microstrip interconnect structure of microwave multi-chip modules (MMCM) as the research object establishes the simulation model of the via hole structure and using Ansoft HFSS simulation software analyzes the effects of the structure parameters of the connecting angle θ between microstrip and via hole, the via hole aperture, the via hole length and the size of pad on the scattering parameters of the signals. The influence law of the structure parameters of the number of uniform coaxial shield via hole and the distance from the shield via hole to the interconnect via hole on the parameters of signal scattering properties is studied by establishing the model of coaxial line structure and a low pass filter circuit. The research shows that: the impedance mismatch generated by reflection could be reduced and signal transmission performance will be improved by appropriate expanding the circular pad at joints between interconnect via hole and microwave transmission line. In 0~16.5GHz frequency channel, the signal transmission has a good performance when θ close to 0° and get worse when θ equals to 30°. In 16.5 to 20GHz band, the signal transmission performance will become better and better with the angle θ increases, and the best transmission performance is obtained when θ close to 180° with the relatively low reflection. Therefore, joint angle θ should be controlled within 30° in the microstrip line wiring. The effect magnitude order of Interconnect via hole structure parameters on the signal transmission performance is, the via hole diameter D > the via hole length H > the pad diameter D. When other parameters remains constant, the via hole diameter is directly proportionate to S11 and inversely proportional to S21, that is to say the performance of signal transmission will become worse with the via hole diameter increasing. The larger the pad diameter, the greater is the parameter S11 and the reflected energy. The larger the size of the pad, the smaller is the parameter S21 and the signal transmission coefficient. The increasing of the via hole length will lead to deterioration of impedance discontinuities to cause more serious reflection, meanwhile, the insertion loss will increase, the return loss will decrease, the frequency of the first resonance point will decrease, the performance of the signal transmission will degrade. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of the curve that the insertion loss varies with TDR, the length of via hole should be controlled less than 1mm. The addition of the coaxial shield via hole around the interconnected via hole can improve the scattering properties of the signal. In the range of X-band of 8~12GHz, when the shield via hole radius is 0.1mm, the via hole number is 6, the equivalent coaxial outer conductor radius is 0.8mm, the via hole height is 0.8mm, the signal transmission loss with the shielded via hole is nearly less 0.45dB than without it and the signal transmission has a better performance.
Current best practice in pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic condition that negatively affects several patient-centered outcomes. Among these, exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life are the most relevant. In this article, factors contributing to exercise limitation, increase in exercise-induced dyspnea, quality of life deterioration, and other pathophysiological aspects in patients with COPD are analyzed in detail. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary, and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and often have decreased daily life activities. PR has been clearly shown to induce favorable and long-lasting effects on all patient-centered outcomes. In addition, PR appears to have positive (even if not conclusively demonstrated) effects on other important outcomes in patients with COPD: number and severity of exacerbations, healthcare resource utilization, and survival. The organization of PR treatment, its components, outcome assessment, and future directions are discussed in light of the most robust scientific evidence.
Speed control of Festo Robotino mobile robot using NeuroSky MindWave EEG headset based brain-computer interface

This article presents the development, implementation and testing of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system, which enables the speed control of the mobile robot called Robotino, manufactured by Festo Didactic. The BCI system was implemented, and the results of the BCI system were evaluated during a students' project, based on the project-based learning methodology. Speed control has been achieved by utilization of NeuroSky MindWave EEG headset-based electroencephalogram (EEG) method, by processing brain bioelectric signals measured on the frontal lobe. Tests of the system evolved by using the brain-computer interface have been performed and evaluated, both regarding implementing speed control and user's experiences, which have been finished with positive results.
Application of Waterman-Truell theory and the Dynamic Generalised Self-Consistent model to the study of the trabecular bone case

The trabecular bones is a highly inhomogeneous scattering medium composed by a trabecular network surrounded by fluid-like medium (marrow). A simplistic model of this two-phase system can be approximated as cylindrical-shaped inclusions (trabeculae) in a marrow matrix. The ultrasonic wave propagation into a trabecular bone is analysed using the multiple scattering theory of Waterman-Truell (WT) and the Dynamic Generalized Self-Consistent model (DGSCM). The effective phase velocity and attenuation as a function of frequency and inclusions concentration were computed, using the WT and the DGSCM. It is shown that for this simplified bone model with concentration less than 20%, the calculated phase velocity values produced by WT are consistent with published results.
A checklist for curbing childhood obesity.

The insight that childhood obesity is a problem is spreading fast. Most decision-makers involved in public health are aware of the fact that obesity early in life negatively affects self esteem and increases the risk of future diabetes and cardiovascular disease although the effect of obesity on cancer risk is less well known. Thus, childhood obesity is one of our major threats to public health and will cause a reduced life expectancy in the future if we do not act now. The prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased 3-fold or more in most western countries during the last 25 years. It is generally accepted that the changes in society involving eating habits and physical activity are crucial. No other factors are of equal importance for the understanding of the childhood obesity epidemic. Thus, it is quite simple. We have to reduce the intake of sweetened drinks, sweet, and fat snacks; go back to a more …
Method for first trimester selective abortion in multiple pregnancy.

The new potential for diagnosing fetal genetic diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy raises the issue of selective abortion in twin pregnancies. If only 1 twin fetus is affected, it is generally necessary to also abort the unaffected twin or to wait until the second trimester and perform selective feticide through use of the air embolism technique. The authors of this paper describe a method that permits selective abortion in multiple pregnancy during the first trimester. An aspirative cannula is introduced through the cervix, guided by ultrasound, and its tip is placed just under the embryo to be aspirated. A 50-ml syringe is linked to the cannula and sudden suction is applied. The embryo is aspirated into the cannula with the amniotic fluid, while the trophoblast is left in place. To date, this method has been applied in 15 cases of multiple pregnancy resulting from ovarian hyperstimulations. It was successful in 12 of these cases. In 2 of the 3 cases where this technique failed, the surrounding trophoblast was also aspirated and spontaneous abortion occurred. Indications for this technique of selective abortion are: 1) pregnancies involving more than 3 fetuses, and 2) an affected cotwin after a positive early prenatal diagnosis.
2-Amino-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridin-1-ium nitrate

In the cation of the title compound, C6H7N6 +·NO3 −, the pyridine and tetrazole rings are essentially coplanar, exhibiting a dihedral angle of 6.30 (6)°. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form a three-dimensional network.
Hematopoietic and Endothelial Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for modeling of human diseases in vitro, as well as for developing novel approaches for regenerative therapy based on immunologically compatible cells. In this study, we employed an OP9 differentiation system to characterize the hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation potential of seven human iPSC lines obtained from human fetal, neonatal, and adult fibroblasts through reprogramming with POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28 and compared it with the differentiation potential of five human embryonic stem cell lines (hESC, H1, H7, H9, H13, and H14). Similar to hESCs, all iPSCs generated CD34+CD43+ hematopoietic progenitors and CD31+CD43− endothelial cells in coculture with OP9. When cultured in semisolid media in the presence of hematopoietic growth factors, iPSC‐derived primitive blood cells formed all types of hematopoietic colonies, including GEMM colony‐forming cells. Human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs)‐derived CD43+ cells could be separated into the following phenotypically defined subsets of primitive hematopoietic cells: CD43+CD235a+CD41a± (erythro‐megakaryopoietic), lin−CD34+CD43+CD45− (multipotent), and lin−CD34+CD43+CD45+ (myeloid‐skewed) cells. Although we observed some variations in the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation between different hiPSCs, the pattern of differentiation was very similar in all seven tested lines obtained through reprogramming of human fetal, neonatal, or adult fibroblasts with three or four genes. Although several issues remain to be resolved before iPSC‐derived blood cells can be administered to humans for therapeutic purposes, patient‐specific iPSCs can already be used for characterization of mechanisms of blood diseases and for identification of molecules that can correct affected genetic networks. STEM CELLS 2009;27:559–567
The Integrator Complex Recognizes a New Double Mark on the RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-terminal Domain*

The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II) comprises multiple tandem repeats of the heptapeptide Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. This unusual structure serves as a platform for the binding of factors required for expression of pol II-transcribed genes, including the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene-specific Integrator complex. The pol II CTD specifically mediates recruitment of Integrator to the promoter of snRNA genes to activate transcription and direct 3′ end processing of the transcripts. Phosphorylation of the CTD and a serine in position 7 are necessary for Integrator recruitment. Here, we have further investigated the requirement of the serines in the CTD heptapeptide and their phosphorylation for Integrator binding. We show that both Ser2 and Ser7 of the CTD are required and that phosphorylation of these residues is necessary and sufficient for efficient binding. Using synthetic phosphopeptides, we have determined the pattern of the minimal Ser2/Ser7 double phosphorylation mark required for Integrator to interact with the CTD. This novel double phosphorylation mark is a new addition to the functional repertoire of the CTD code and may be a specific signal for snRNA gene expression.
Insulin Delivery by Implanted Pumps: One-Year Trial with Programmable Infusion Systems (The Point Study)

A feasibility trial was carried out in four European centers to test the safety and efficacy of stabilized insulin (HOE 21GH) in twenty remote-controlled infusion pumps (Siemens AG) implanted in twenty type I diabetic patients. Fifteen had been implanted with intraperitoneal and five with the intravenous access route. Total observation time was 18.2 patient years. A total of 36,077 self blood glucose measurements were collected from the patients. Of these 62.9% were in the acceptable range of 70–160 mg/dl. Symptomatic hypoglycemias were rare and reported in a frequency of 2.6 per patient months; of these 0.22 per patient year required medical attention. The median of HbA1c was in the upper normal range or slightly above. Three pumps had to be explanted prematurely because of surgical and technical problems. Although some technical and clinical problems were still observed, the study shows the successful clinical use of implanted, remote-controlled dosing devices and the special insulin preparation stabilized with polyethylene-polypropylene-glycol (Hoechst AG).
The effect of acute exhaustive and moderate intensity exercises on nasal cytokine secretion and clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients.

BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to allergens. There is evidence that exercise can significantly improve personal health and has positive effects on immune function. However, the effects of acute exercise on the inflammatory response and clinical symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis are still unclear. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of acute exhaustive and moderate exercises on cytokine levels and clinical symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS Thirteen allergic rhinitis patients (AR) and 14 healthy subjects (C) were required to complete two running exercise protocols, which included an exhaustive exercise bout using the Bruce protocol performed to exhaustion and moderate exercise performed at 65-70% HRR for 30 minutes. Physiological characteristics, allergic rhinitis symptoms, and cytokine secretions and serum levels were comparatively analyzed before and after each type of exercise. RESULTS The total immunoglobulin E levels in the AR group were significantly higher than in C group (p < 0.05). Rhinitis symptoms scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after both exhaustive exercise (7.69 to 1.23 points) and moderate exercise (6.46 to 0.53 points) in the AR group. The ratio of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 (IL-2/IL-4) in nasal secretions after moderate exercise was significantly higher than those after exhaustive exercise in both the C and AR groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that both exhaustive and moderate-intensity exercise resulted in a significant improvement in the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. However, a significantly enhanced IL-2/IL-4 ratio was found following acute moderate exercise intensity. We propose that moderate-intensity exercise is more effective than exhaustive exercise in enhancing immune function for allergic rhinitis patients.
Role of Surface on Magnetic Properties of La1-xSrxMnO $_{3+\delta }$  Nanocrystallites

The magnetic La1-xSrxMnO3 particles of ≈50 nm size have been prepared in the flux of sodium nitrite at ≈500°C. A detailed magnetic study, including the neutron diffraction at zero and high pressures, has been performed on compositions x = 0.28 and 0.37, as well as on comparative samples prepared via sol-gel route. Based on these experiments, we conclude that the molten salt prepared particles show significant oxygen excess δ > 0 that can be ascribed mainly to the surface oxygen chemisorption. As a consequence, the valence of Mn ions is shifted toward a higher oxidation state, and this shift probably exhibits a pronounced radial distribution in the particles, reaching possibly pure Mn4+ at the uppermost surface layer. We suggest that such overdoping is an additional reason for magnetically dead shell in manganite nanoparticles and is also the source of surface stress that compresses the particle core and modifies its physical properties. Such compressive stress drives the magnetic ground state of the composition x = 0.37 toward a mixture of ferromagnetic (FM) and A-type anti-FM (AFM) ordering. Although the surface effects should also occur in the particles with x = 0.28, the AFM phase is practically absent in this sample but can be induced by high pressure.
Stereoscopic Image Super-Resolution Method with View Incorporation and Convolutional Neural Networks

Super-resolution (SR) plays an important role in the processing and display of mixed-resolution (MR) stereoscopic images. Therefore, a stereoscopic image SR method based on view incorporation and convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed. For a given MR stereoscopic image, the left view of which is observed in full resolution, while the right view is viewed in low resolution, the SR method is implemented in two stages. In the first stage, a view difference image is defined to represent the correlation between views. It is estimated by using the full-resolution left view and the interpolated right view as input to the modified CNN. Accordingly, a high-precision view difference image is obtained. In the second stage, to incorporate the estimated right view in the first stage, a global reconstruction constraint is presented to make the estimated right view consistent with the low-resolution right view in terms of the MR stereoscopic image observation model. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared with the SR convolutional neural network (SRCNN) method and depth map based SR method, the proposed method improved the reconstructed right view quality by 0.54 dB and 1.14 dB, respectively, in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and subjective evaluation also implied that the proposed method produced better reconstructed stereoscopic images.
Disclosure of STI testing activities by young adults: the influence of emotions and social networks.

Thirty young adults (between 18 and 29 years of age) who had sought STI testing were interviewed about their experiences of 'passing' during the STI testing process (keeping their testing practices a secret from other individuals), and also their experiences of disclosing to other individuals the fact that they had sought STI testing. Respondents kept their STI testing practices secret from others in order to preserve their identities as 'normal' individuals. They feared that their identities would become stigmatised if other people were to find out about their testing practices. Keeping their practices a secret was difficult and emotionally draining. Consequently, respondents usually chose to inform a few key individuals about their testing activities. These individuals provided respondents with emotional support and helped them to pass as normal. Healthcare professionals were a particular, valued group to whom respondents disclosed their need for STI testing. A number of respondents reported experiencing stigmatising reactions from healthcare professionals, however, which had deleterious consequences for these respondents' willingness to seek treatment for their STI. Findings are discussed in relation to Goffman's impression management framework (1959, 1963) and develop Goffman's work by highlighting the roles played by emotions and social networks in impression management activities.
Power Transformer Differential Protection Based on Clarke's Transform and Fuzzy Systems

The power transformer is a piece of electrical equipment that needs continuous monitoring and fast protection since it is very expensive and an essential element for a power system to perform effectively. The most common protection technique used is the percentage differential logic, which provides discrimination between an internal fault and different operating conditions. Unfortunately, there are some operating conditions of power transformers that can affect the protection behavior and the power system stability. This paper proposes the development of a new algorithm to improve the differential protection performance by using fuzzy logic and Clarke's transform. An electrical power system was modeled using Alternative Transients Program (ATP) software to obtain the operational conditions and fault situations needed to test the algorithm developed. The results were compared to a commercial relay for validation, showing the advantages of the new method.