Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient computation of lead field bases and influence matrix for the FEM-based EEG and MEG inverse problem

The inverse problem in electro- and magneto-encephalography (EEG/MEG) aims at reconstructing the underlying current distribution in the human brain using potential differences and/or magnetic fluxes that are measured non-invasively directly, or at a close distance, from the head surface. The simulation of EEG and MEG fields for a given dipolar source in the brain using a volume-conduction model of the head is called the forward problem. The finite element (FE) method, used for the forward problem, is able to realistically model tissue conductivity inhomogeneities and anisotropies, which is crucial for an accurate reconstruction of the current distribution. So far, the computational complexity is quite large when using the necessary high resolution FE models. In this paper we will extend the concept of the EEG lead field basis to the MEG and present algorithms for their efficient computation. Exploiting the fact that the number of sensors is generally much smaller than the number of reasonable dipolar sources, our lead field approach will speed up the state-of-the-art forward approach by a factor of more than 100 for a realistic choice of the number of sensors and sources. Our approaches can be applied to inverse reconstruction algorithms in both continuous and discrete source parameter space for EEG and MEG. In combination with algebraic multigrid solvers, the presented approach leads to a highly efficient solution of FE-based source reconstruction problems.
Self-sustained turbulence and L-mode confinement in toroidal plasmas. I

A theory of L-mode confinement in toroidal plasmas is developed. The effect of the anomalous transport, which is caused by microscopic fluctuations, on the pressure-gradient-driven modes is analysed. The E*B nonlinearity is renormalized as a form of the transport coefficient such as the thermal diffusivity, the ion viscosity and the current diffusivity. Destabilization by current diffusivity and stabilization by thermal transport and ion viscosity are analysed. By use of the mean-field approximations, the nonlinear dispersion relation is solved. Growth rate and stability conditions are expressed in terms of the renormalized transport coefficients. The transport coefficients in the steady state are obtained by the marginal stability condition for the microscopic ballooning mode in tokamaks. A formula for the anomalous transport is obtained. The role of the pressure gradient in enhancing the anomalous transport is identified. An important role is found for the collisionless skin depth. Effects of geometrical parameters such as the rotational transform and magnetic shear are also quantified. Comparison with experimental observations shows a good agreement in a various aspects of the L-mode confinement, including the dependences on the ion mass, plasma current, internal inductance and reversed shear. The large transport coefficient at the edge is also explained. The typical wavenumber and level of fluctuations for self-sustained turbulence are also obtained.
An Expanding Ring in the Gaseous Disk of NGC 6181

The Sc-galaxy NGC 6181 was observed at the 6m telescope with the Fabry-Perot interferometer CIGALE in Ha emission. A ring-like zone of strong radial gas motions at the radius of 1.8 kpc was found. The first kinematical investigation of NGC 6181 was presented by Burbidge et al. (1965). From long-slit observations they found radial velocity profiles to be quite asymmetrical and concluded that NGC 6181 is intermediate between a barred and a normal spiral. Our long-slit observations of NGC 6181 at the 6m telescope confirmed the asymmetry of one-dimensional velocity profiles (Afanasiev et al., 1992) The necessity of obtaining two-dimensional velocity field became evident for us.
Institute of Physics Publishing Inverse Problems the Direct and Inverse Scattering Problems for Partially Coated Obstacles

We consider the direct and inverse scattering problems for partially coated obstacles. To this end, we first use the method of integral equations of the first kind together with variational methods to solve a scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation where the scattered field satisfies mixed Dirichlet-impedance boundary conditions on the Lipschitz boundary of the scatterer D. We then use the linear sampling method to solve the inverse scattering problem of determining D from a knowledge of the far-field pattern of the scattered field. Numerical examples are given showing the performance of the linear sampling method in this case.
Accelerating Image Classification using Feature Map Similarity in Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have greatly improved image classification performance. However, the extensive time required for classification owing to the large amount of computation involved, makes it unsuitable for application to low-performance devices. To speed up image classification, we propose a cached CNN, which can classify input images based on similarity with previously input images. Because the feature maps extracted from the CNN kernel represent the intensity of features, images with a similar intensity can be classified into the same class. In this study, we cache class labels and feature vectors extracted from feature maps for images classified by the CNN. Then, when a new image is input, its class label is output based on its similarity with the cached feature vectors. This process can be performed at each layer; hence, if the classification is successful, there is no need to perform the remaining convolution layer operations. This reduces the required classification time. We performed experiments to measure and evaluate the cache hit rate, precision, and classification time.
The local dark matter phase-space density and impact on WIMP direct detection

We present a new determination of the local dark matter phase-space density. This result is obtained implementing, in the limit of isotropic velocity distribution and spherical symmetry, Eddington's inversion formula, which links univocally the dark matter distribution function to the density profile, and applying, within a Bayesian framework, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample mass models for the Milky Way against a broad and variegated sample of dynamical constraints. We consider three possible choices for the dark matter density profile, namely the Einasto, NFW and Burkert profiles, finding that the velocity dispersion, which characterizes the width in the distribution, tends to be larger for the Burkert case, while the escape velocity depends very weakly on the profile, with the mean value we obtain being in very good agreement with estimates from stellar kinematics. The derived dark matter phase-space densities differ significantly — most dramatically in the high velocity tails — from the model usually taken as a reference in dark matter detection studies, a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with velocity dispersion fixed in terms of the local circular velocity and with a sharp truncation at a given value of the escape velocity. We discuss the impact of astrophysical uncertainties on dark matter scattering rates and direct detection exclusion limits, considering a few sample cases and showing that the most sensitive ones are those for light dark matter particles and for particles scattering inelastically. As a general trend, regardless of the assumed profile, when adopting a self-consistent phase-space density, we find that rates are larger, and hence exclusion limits stronger, than with the standard Maxwell-Boltzmann approximation. Tools for applying our result on the local dark matter phase-space density to other dark matter candidates or experimental setups are provided.
Passive RFID for Automotive Sensor Applications

Future vehicular sensors will further increase active and passive safety systems of cars and trucks. One particular promising objective is to gather tyre data as temperature, vibration, acceleration and tyre pressure by mounting sensors in the tyres. Since they are the actual elements which transfer the occurring acceleration and — more important — deceleration forces, any additional information about these essential load transmission components aids safety systems. Whereas the tyre pressure is already monitored in many vehicles using sensors mounted at the rim, the other mentioned parameters are only retrievable for a tyre-mounted sensor. The particular benefit about the knowledge of the acceleration forces lays in the possibility to compute the tyre’s contact area, which is directly proportional to the maximum force that is transferable without wheelspin. In this thesis, I evaluate the applicability of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) or microwave passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology to communicate with tyre mounted sensor nodes to form an Advanced Tyre Monitoring System (ATMS). First, I focus on Onboard Unit (OU) antennas for this application. Vertically polarized dual-band antennas, which exploit the body floor pan beneficially, are presented and characterized. Further, a horizontally polarized Switched Beam Antenna (SBA) is developed, which is capable of steering a beam to one of the four tyres of a car. To shield this antenna from the deleterious metallic body floor pan, I propose, construct, and characterize two dual-band Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) structures based on the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) principle. Antenna measurements of the overall system are discussed. Next, my thesis addresses broadband leakage cancellation. This topic is the key to RFID systems that are range-limited only by the tag sensitivity. Theoretical bounds for the isolation bandwidth are derived and confirmed in experiments. I present a comparison of leakage canceller adjustment algorithms, and derive the estimation noise and bias of a novel, fast algorithm. Again, this analysis is experimentally confirmed. Finally, I report on dual-band channel measurements for RFID-based ATMS using previously characterized antennas. The analysis of these measurements demonstrates, that communication with UHF RFID-based sensors is feasible in 75% of all possible rotational angles, using state-of-the-art dual-antenna RFID tags and power combining.
In Vitro Laticifer Identification in Young Shoot-Derived Callus of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.

In vitro laticifer in young shoot-derived callus of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (RRIM600 cultivar) was examined histologically and histochemically. Calluses were induced on a 2,4-D (1 mgL -l ) supplemented Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium containing different strengths of MS-micronutrients (quarter (¼), half (½) and full) and kinetin (0, 1 and 2 mgL -1 ). The highest percentage of callus induction (52.78 ± 5.01 %) exhibiting hard and compact calluses was achieved using ½-strength MS-micronutrients without kinetin. Friable calluses were obtained on full-strength MS-micronutrients supplemented with 1 mgL -1 kinetin. Histological details indicated that calluses initiated from the sub-epidermal layers. One-month-old calluses presented thick cell wall laticifers which were mainly randomly arranged and located in separately and aggregately. All in vitro laticifers in the callus were non-elongated which were different from those in the stem. Some callus cells exhibited secondary wall thickening which had structural features similar to those of the vessel.
Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam output factors for a medical linear accelerator

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of the Monte Carlo technique to the calculation and analysis of output factors for electron beams used in radiotherapy. The code EGS4/BEAM was used to obtain phase-space files for 6, 12 and 20 MeV clinical electron beams from a scattering-foil linac (Varian Clinac 2100C) for a clinically representative range of applicator and square or rectangular insert combinations. The source-to-surface distance used was 100 cm. The field sizes ranged from to . These phase-space files were analysed to study the intrinsic beam characteristics and used as source input for relative dose and output factor computations in homogeneous water phantoms using the code EGS4/DOSXYZ. The calculated relative central-axis depth-dose and transverse dose profiles at various depths of clinical interest agreed with the corresponding measured dose profiles to within 2% of the maximum dose. Calculated output factors for the fields studied agreed with measured output factors to about 2%. This demonstrated that for the Varian Clinac 2100C linear accelerator, electron beam dose calculations in homogeneous water phantoms can be performed accurately at the 2% level using Monte Carlo simulations.
Technology and applications of micromachined adaptive mirrors

The end of the cold war and the introduction of military technologies to the market has created new application fields for many originally military technologies. One of these technologies is adaptive optics, dealing with dynamic control of the quality of an optical system. As for almost any technology `imported' from the military research field, adaptive optics is expensive. Fortunately there are many civil applications for adaptive optics which produce the necessary development thrust. Expensive adaptive optics are acceptable for applications where specialized custom-made systems are needed. In the past, and even now, designers of large ground-based telescopes costing in excess of tens of millions of dollars could afford expensive, specially designed high-quality adaptive systems to improve image quality. The extension of adaptive optics into the field of less expensive scientific equipment such as low-end professional telescopes, industrial lasers and optical information processing systems will only be possible after reduction of the fabrication costs by a few orders of magnitude. The functionality and quality of devices and systems must be preserved or even improved during the transition described. The market sector for serially-produced scientific equipment, industrial laser systems and components, information processing equipment such as CD player optical pickups, amateur telescopes, optical communication systems and displays is comparable to the aforementioned high-end military and scientific sectors. To deal with the large volume demand, serial or even mass-production technologies should be used for the fabrication of adaptive optics. The problem of high system quality at low cost can be solved using silicon micromachining. Various optical micromachined devices have been demonstrated in the past twenty years, among them micromachined adaptive mirrors. Silicon-based microfabrication in its present state forms the technological foundation for inexpensive implementation of complete adaptive optical systems, as it allows for cheap fabrication of CCD-based wavefront sensors, control computers and wavefront correctors in the framework of a uniformly inexpensive technology.
The Use of Hot-Film Technique for Boundary Layer Studies on a 21% Thick Airfoil.

A heat transfer method of studying boundary layer flows over airfoils at transsonic test conditions has been investigated. The method employs very thin DISA hot-film gauges housing Constant Temperature Anemometer probes. Provided that the thickness dimension of the films remains less than the critical disturbances height for inducing transition of the laminar boundary layer, the heat transfer response from the films, positioned carefully on the model surface, can be studied to determine the boundary layer characteristics. Results from an application study on a 21 % thick laminar flow airfoil model are presented and discussed.
On the optical sensing means for the study of chemical kinetics

A proposal is made of the use of fibre optic sensors for chemical sensing where the measurements of rate coefficients of time-dependent chemical reactions are performed. When an optical fibre is bent and a part of its cladding is stripped off, the sensitivity of the system improves because of the higher penetration depth achieved in this case. The sensor works on the principle of evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy. The rate constant of a chemical reaction is determined using this principle, and the validity of the result is confirmed by comparing it with that obtained by a spectrophotometer. Comparison is made between the results obtained using bent as well as straight probes, and it is noticed that the system incorporating the former gives results closer to those obtained by spectroscopic measurements, which is essentially because of the improved sensitivity of the system.
DATA-INTENSIVE COMPUTING IN RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELLING

The operational processing of remote sensing data requires high-performance radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations. To date, considerable success has been achieved in dimensionality reduction techniques as well as in heterogeneous multi-CPU/GPU computing for highly intensive parallel computations. We have developed several techniques for accelerating the radiative transfer solver. They include (1) analytical methods which allow to compute set of atmospheric scenarios in one RTM call; (2) dimensionality reduction of the datasets, and (3) GPU-computing using CUDA framework. These techniques provide almost 300x cumulative speed-up for the RTM with respect to the original single-threaded CPU code. In this paper, we analyze the applicability of the proposed methods to a practical problem of total ozone column retrieval from UV-backscatter measurements.
Steady Separated Flow Past Elliptic Cylinders Using a Stabilized Finite-Element Method

The steady flow around elliptic cylinders is investigated using a stabilized finite-element method. The Reynolds number, Re, is based on cylinder major axis and free-stream speed. Results are presented for Re ≤ 40 and 0◦ ≤ α ≤ 90◦, where α is angle of attack. Cylinder aspect ratios, AR considered are 0.2 (thin), 0.5, 0.8 (thick) and 1.0. Results for the laminar separation Reynolds number, Res available in the literature are only for thin cylinder and exhibit large scatter. Also, very limited information is available for separation angle. The present study attempts to provide this data. In addition, issues concerning initial separation, such as location of separation and its evolution with α and Re, are studied. Symmetric cylinders are associated with a closed wake and consists of two attached eddies which appear at Res. Wake topology for asymmetric separation is proposed and compared with those of Smith (1983) and Dennis and Young (2003). The proposed topology differs significantly from the existing ones. For asymmetric cylinders, the wake is open and consists of an attached upper bubble and an unattached recirculation zone. The attached bubble appears at Res while the unattached zone appears at a larger Re. While symmetric separation initiates from base point, bubbles for asymmetric separation form near the trailing tip of thin and center of thick cylinders. For symmetric cylinders, the bubble elongates, approximately, linearly with Re. Irrespective of AR, Res exhibits non-monotonic variation with α .
Effects of Varying the Special Educator's Role within an Algebra Class on Math Attitude and Achievement.

This study compared the effects of two different special educator roles within high school algebra classes containing special needs students. The special educator served as either in-room assistant or as co-teacher. The study was conducted for one chapter of algebra study over a 3-week period. No significant differences between groups were found prior to the treatment. Following the two treatments, students in the co-teaching condition scored significantly higher in achievement than did students in the in-room assistance group or the control group. Females in the co-teaching condition achieved significantly higher scores than did females in the control group. Females receiving in-room assistance also scored significantly higher than control group females. No significant findings in. achievement were found for males or for students receiving special education services. Appended are forms used in the program and a brief description of the collaboration model. (Contains 61 references and 15 tables.) (DB) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Ott.0 of Educational Research and Improement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This docurnont Ms boon reproducad aa recopied horn tM person or otganization originating it 0 Minor chingS haw Won made to "prove reproduction Quality Points& vninvoloptnionitstitildinthitdOCu mant do not necitssarity moment official OERI position or policy EFFECTS OF VARYING THE SPECIAL EDUCATOR'S ROLE WITHIN AN ALGEBRA CLASS ON MATH ATTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT by Nancy J. Spiegel Rosman B.S., University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 1981 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Special Education in the Graduate School The University of South Dakota May, 1994 BEST COPY AVAILABLE "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " 2
SiGe CMOS fabrication using SiGe MBE and anodic/LTO gate oxide

An investigation of an SiGe CMOS process fulfilling low-thermal-budget requirements was carried out. Three different undoped layers were grown successively by MBE: a 20 nm buffer layer, a 15 nm SiGe layer and a 15 nm cap layer. The Ge concentration of the SiGe layer was either uniform 20% or linearly graded 0-40% from the substrate to the surface. A 50 nm thick undoped Si layer was grown for the reference devices. Anodic oxide and LTO were used as gate dielectrics. The annealing was performed at relatively modest temperatures. The SiGe p-MOSFETs were compared to the Si reference devices. We report an enhancement of the hole mobility up to 70% for the SiGe p-MOSFETs.
Accurate attenuation correction for a 3D PET system

An accurate attenuation correction has been developed for a small-volume three-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET) system. Transmission data were measured as twenty-four 2D slices which were reconstructed and combined to form a 3D attenuation image. Emission data were reconstructed using a backproject-then-filter technique, and each event was corrected for attenuation at backprojection time by a reprojection through the attenuation image. This correction restores the spatial invariance of the point response function, thus allowing a valid deconvolution and producing an undistorted emission image. Scattering corrections were not applied to either the transmission or the emission data but simulation studies indicated that scattering made only a small contribution to the attenuation measurement. Results are presented for two phantoms, in which transmission scans of 57 500 and 18 700 events/slice were used to correct emission images of 5.2 and 2.8 million events.
Project final report

Grant Agreement number: 284464 Project acronym: LASERLAB-EUROPE Project title: The Integrated Initiative of European Laser Research Infrastructures III Funding Scheme: Combination of CP & CSA / Integrating Activity Period covered: from 1 June 2012 to 30 November 2015 Name of the scientific representative of the project's co-ordinator, Title and Organisation: Prof. Claes-Göran Wahlström Director Lund Laser Centre / Department of Physics / Lunds Universitet Tel: +46 46 2227655 Fax: +46 46 2224250 E-mail: claes-goran.wahlstrom@fysik.lth. se