Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum Sensing with VSS-NLMS Process in Femto/Macro-cell Environments

Handover is a process that allows a mobile node to change its attachment point. A mobile node connected to a network can, in order to improve the quality of service, have the need to leave it to connect to a cell either of the same network or of a new network. The present paper introduce three techniques using adaptive Variable Step-Size Least Mean Square (VSSLMS) filter combined with spectrum sensing probability method to detect the triggering of handover in heterogeneous LTE networks. These techniques are Normalized LMS (NLMS), Kwong-NLMS and Li-NLMS. The simulation environment is composed of two femtocells belonging to a macrocell. Five User Equipements (UEs) are positioned in one femtocell and are assumed closest to its circumference. Simulation results show that sensing probability with Li-NLMS algorithm has a better performance compared with classical NLMS and Kwong-NLMS.
Instrumental vaginal deliveries: A review

In contemporary obstetric practice, safety with caesarean section in developed countries has witnessed its increased application in deliveries and the decreasing use of instrumental deliveries. This trend follows the relative hazards complicating instrumental vaginal deliveries and increasing litigations arising thereof. In developing countries however, caesarean sections are not so readily available to parturients and are relatively unsafe, especially with mothers presenting late in health facilities with complicated (commonly obstructed) labors, not infrequently with fetal death. In these circumstances, instrumental vaginal deliveries serve as suitable options. It is with this background that this review considers the role of instrumental vaginal delivery and gives a critical account of current techniques of operative procedures. Important issues, including case choice, documentation, application and use, avoidance of complications, and the need for medical staff training, are included. To this end, nondestructive instrumental (vacuum and forceps), “corrective” instrumental (symphysiotomy), and destructive instrumental assisted vaginal deliveries are considered and carefully analyzed.
Information Visualization (iV): Notes about the 9th IV ’05 International Conference, London, England

This review tells about the International Conference on Information Visualization that is held annually in London, England. Themes selected from the Conference Proceedings are focused on theoretical concepts, semantic approach to visualization, digital art, and involve 2D, 3D, interactive and virtual reality tools and applications. The focal point of the iV 05 Conference was the progress in information and knowledge visualization, visual data mining, multimodal interfaces, multimedia, web graphics, graph theory application, augmented and virtual reality, semantic web visualization, HCI, digital art, among many other areas such as information visualization in geology, medicine, industry and education.
Climate–growth relationships of tropical tree species in West Africa and their potential for climate reconstruction

Most tropical regions are facing historical difficulties of generating biologically reconstructed long‐term climate records. Dendrochronology (tree‐ring studies) is a powerful tool to develop high‐resolution and exactly dated proxies for climate reconstruction. Owing to the seasonal variation in rainfall we expected the formation of annual tree rings in the wood of tropical West African tree species. In the central‐western part of Benin (upper Ouémé catchment, UOC) and in northeastern Ivory Coast (Comoé National Park, CNP) we investigated the relationship between climate (precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST)) and tree rings and show their potential for climate reconstruction. Wood samples of almost 200 trees belonging to six species in the UOC and CNP served to develop climate‐sensitive ring‐width chronologies using standard dendrochronological techniques. The relationship between local precipitation, monthly SST anomalies in the Gulf of Guinea, El Niño‐ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and ring‐width indices was performed by simple regression analyses, two sample tests and cross‐spectral analysis. A low‐pass filter was used to highlight the decadal variability in rainfall of the UOC site. All tree species showed significant relationships with annual precipitation proving the existence of annual tree rings. ENSO signals could not be detected in the ring‐width patterns. For legume tree species at the UOC site significant relationships could be found between SST anomalies in the Gulf of Guinea indicating correlations at periods of 5.1–4.1 and 2.3 years. Our findings accurately show the relationship between tree growth, local precipitation and SST anomalies in the Gulf of Guinea possibly associated with worldwide SST patterns. A master chronology enabled the reconstruction of the annual precipitation in the UOC to the year 1840. Time series analysis suggest increasing arid conditions during the last 160 years which may have large impacts on the hydrological cycles and consequently on the ecosystem dynamics and the development of socio‐economic cultures and sectors in the Guinea‐Congolian/Sudanian region.
Frontiers of Biogeography: New Directions in the Geography of Nature

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Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene reveals high species diversity of Halorubrum in China

Accepted 10 May, 2013 Haloarchaea such as Halorubrum are excellent models for field and laboratory study. Almost half of the new species of Halorubrum were identified from the samples collected from China. The aim of this study is to determine whether some species reported elsewhere are distributed in China. Hypersaline environments-a special niche, are distributed all over the world. The genus Halorubrum frequently dominates the microbial communities in hypersaline environment. We collected tens of salt mine or saline soil samples from China’s Yunnan, Hainan and Jiangsu provinces (China) for Halorubrum isolation. Tens of haloarchaea strains with different morphological properties were isolated. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified by using Halorubrum specific primers and cloned into the vector for sequencing. The raw classifications were based on the phylogenetic analyses, and the results showed that 29 strains were affiliated with genus Halorubrum and isolated 29 strains of haloarchaea affiliated with Halorubrum. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified by Halorubrum specific primers. Additional sequences available in GenBank were downloaded. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed: 1) Nineteen lineages, of which eleven shared a low sequence similarity (less than 99%) with the validly described species and, thus, may represent new taxa; 2) new records of five known species also distributed in China; 3) at least two separated lineages may represent new species. This is the first report of such high species diversity of Halorubrum in China. Key word: Halorubrum, rRNA gene sequences, hypersaline, haloarchaea strains.
A Partitioning Technique in MapReduce for Optimizing Large Data Analysis

: In today era huge amount of data generated from various sources like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and forum and different other sources. That massive volume of both structure and unstructured data is difficult to capture, store and manipulate with traditional database and software techniques. Using big data, many companies and users started to move their data towards cloud storage so as to simplify data management and reduce data maintenance cost. In most companies the size of data is too big or it moves too fast and it exceeds current processing capacity. Other than these problems, big data has the ability to help companies improve operations and make faster and more intelligent decisions for data analysis. MapReduce is recent programming model for writing distributed application that handle huge amount of data. MapReduce divide the workload among the multiple computers in a network. Performance of MapReduce depends on how it distributes the workload among the multiple computers. This can be most challenging task in advent of data skew (i.e. data is generated in invariant capacity). In MapReduce distributions of workload depend on algorithms that partition the data. To avoid the problem of data skew data sampling techniques are used. Data sampling is a statistical analysis technique. It is used to analyze, manipulate and select a representative subset of data points in order to identify patterns and trends in the larger data set being examined. How evenly the partitions distributes the data depends on how large and representative the sample is and on how well the samples are analyzed by the partitioning mechanism. In this paper proposes an improved partitioning algorithm using custom partitioning techniques that improve the load balancing and memory consumption. To evaluate the result of proposed algorithm, performance is compared with the various existing system Proposed algorithm is more is faster, more memory efficient, and more accurate than the current implementation.
Wireless power transfer for combined sensing and stimulation in implantable biomedical devices

Currently, there is a high demand for Headstage and implantable integrated microsystems to study the brain activity of freely moving laboratory mice. Such devices can interface with the central nervous system in both electrical and optical paradigms for stimulating and monitoring neural circuits, which is critical to discover new drugs and therapies against neurological disorders like epilepsy, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. Since the implantable systems cannot use a battery with a large capacity as a primary source of energy in long-term experiments, the power consumption of the implantable device is one of the leading challenges of these designs. The first part of this research includes our proposed solution for decreasing the power consumption of the implantable microcircuits. We propose a novel level shifter circuit which converting subthreshold signal levels to super-threshold signal levels at high-speed using ultra low power and a small silicon area, making it well-suited for low-power applications such as wireless sensor networks and implantable medical devices. The proposed circuit introduces a new voltage level shifter topology employing a level-shifting capacitor to increase the range of conversion voltages, while significantly reducing the conversion delay. The proposed circuit achieves a shorter propagation delay and a smaller silicon area for a given operating frequency and power consumption compared to other circuit solutions. Measurement results are presented for the proposed circuit fabricated in a 0.18-μm TSMC CMOS process. The presented circuit can convert a wide range of the input voltages from 330 mV to 1.8 V, and operate over a frequency range of 100-Hz to 100-MHz. It has a propagation delay of 29 ns, and power consumption of 61.5 nW for input signals 0.4 V, at a frequency of 500-kHz, outperforming previous designs. The second part of this research includes our proposed wireless power transfer systems for optogenetic applications. Optogenetics is the combination of the genetic and optical method of excitation, recording, and control of the biological neurons. This system combines multiple technologies such as MEMS and microelectronics to collect and transmit the neuronal signals and to activate an optical stimulator through a wireless link. Since optical stimulators consume more power than electrical stimulators, the interface employs induction power transmission using innovative means instead of the battery with the small capacity as a power source. Our first contribution in the second part provides a smart home-cage system based on overlapped multi-coil arrays through a thin implantable multi-coil receiver of 1×1 cm2 of size, implantable bel-
Magnitude of effects of substrate particle size, recent flooding, and catchment development on benthic invertebrates in 88 New Zealand rivers

Abstract Data from runs in 88 rivers throughout New Zealand, and a comparison between areas of contrasting substrate size in the Mohaka River, were used to investigate the influences of physical factors on benthic macroinvertebrates. Substrate size preferences were more clearly demonstrated by the comparison of different substrates in the Mohaka River than between runs in the 88 rivers. Taxonomic richness and densities of most collector‐browsers were highest on small cobble‐boulder substrates. However, filterers and a facultative shredder showed strong preferences for large cobbles and boulders and an undescribed orthoclad showed a strong preference for sand. Among the 80 stony‐bedded rivers, those exposed to maximum flows of 20× their median flows had markedly lower median taxonomic richness, density, and biomass than .
Network Control Plane Synthesis and Verification

Computer networks have become an integral part of modern infrastructure, and as the world continues to become increasingly interconnected and more devices come online, the importance of networks will only continue to grow. A critical component of networks is a process called routing, whereby the network determines how to move data from point A to point B as changes occur dynamically (e.g., when new devices connect or equipment fails). Routing is traditionally achieved through the manual configuration of one or more distributed protocols that exchange messages about available routes to different destinations. Manual configuration lets a network operator tune various low-level protocol parameters to accommodate the different economic-, performance-, and robustness-related objectives that they may have for the network. Unfortunately, the low-level nature of existing configuration primitives and the scale of modern networks makes it difficult for humans to predict the impact of configuration on all possible runtime behaviors of the network, often resulting in configuration bugs. This dissertation develops two complementary techniques for proactively finding and preventing bugs in configurations. The first technique is verification. Given a collection of router configurations and a high-level specification of what the network should do (e.g., certain devices should be reachable), verification aims to ensure that the configurations implement this high-level specification correctly for all possible network behaviors. To address this problem, we develop a formal model of network routing protocols and show how many common protocols can be translated to logic constraints that existing constraint solvers can solve to find (or prove the absence of) bugs. The second technique is synthesis. Given a high-level specification of what the network should do, synthesis aims to produce a collection of configurations that faithfully implement the specification for all possible dynamic network conditions. We develop a new high-level language for describing end-to-end network behavior and demonstrate an efficient synthesis algorithm that can generate correct configurations. Throughout the development of both techniques, we show the importance of “abstraction” in speeding up each technique by several orders of magnitude.
Predators of Velvetbean Caterpillar Eggs in Florida Soybeans

The following 20 species were recorded as egg predators of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, in Florida soybeans: Orthoptera, Pictonemobius ambitiosus (Scudder); Dermaptera, Labidura riparia (Pallas), Doru taeniatum ,. (Dohrn); Hemiptera, Orius insidiosus (Say), Nabis deceptivus Harris, Nabis capsiformis Germar, Nabis roseipennis Reuter, Pachybrachius bilobatus (Say), Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Halticus bractatus (Say); Coleoptera, undetermined coccinellid larva; Neuroptera Chrysopa rufilabris Burmeister, Chrysopa sp. , Formicidae, Pheidole dentata Mayr, Conomyrma flavopecta (M. R. Smith), Solenopsis geminata (Fabr.), Solenopsis invicta Buren, Cardiocondyla nuda minutior Forel, Monomorium viridum Brown; Arachnida, Chiracanthium inclusum (Hentz). Egg predators were identified during continuous diurnal observation of eggs placed in the field and by recovering radioactive predators after placing 32P labeled eggs in the field. Ants and earwigs were recorded as egg predators most frequently during continuous observations. Nabids, chrysopids, and spiders were recorded as egg predators most frequently while using the radioactive tracer. The mean rate of predation on the A. gemmatalis eggs placed in the field for 24 h was 26%. Twelve Species of predators were observed attacking 1st instars of A. gemmatalis .
Colorectal carcinogenesis via serrated route

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the developed countries. Originally, development of CRC was thought to proceed by a sequence of steps known as an adenomacarcinoma sequence. At present CRC is recognized as a disease developing through diverse pathways. Serrated adenocarcinoma represents an endpoint of tumors developing from serrated pathway. This thesis focuses on studying the molecular alterations in serrated adenocarcinoma. Microsatellite instability, hypermethylation of promoter region in DNA repair genes hMLH1 and MGMT, frequency of KRAS and BRAF mutations and mutation spectrum of PTCH1 was determined in serrated adenocarcinomas (n=42) and compared to non-serrated adenocarcinomas (n=75). MSI, particularly low level of MSI (p=0.02) and methylation of both hMLH1 and MGMT promoters (p=0.004, p=0.026) were found to be more prevalent for serrated CRC. BRAF mutation was frequent and specific to serrated adenocarcinomas (p<0.001) and KRAS mutations were more frequent in serrated adenocarcinomas than in non-serrated cancers (p=0.002). A significant association between BRAF mutation, hMLH1 and MGMT methylation and MSI-H phenotype was found in serrated carcinomas. KRAS mutation was seen in association with MSS/MSI-L phenotype; in fact, if serrated adenocarcinoma presents with MSI-L there always seems to be a KRAS mutation as well. Negative immunohistochemical staining of the hMLH1 enzyme was in association with methylation of the gene and proved reliable in the detection of MSI-H phenotype (p<0.0001). Sequencing analysis of the whole coding regions of the PTCH1 gene did not reveal any truncating mutation to explain the previously detected downregulation of the gene in serrated CRCs. In conclusion, serrated adenocarcinomas proved to be an independent, but heterogeneous subtype of CRCs. High combined mutation rate (79–82%) of KRAS and BRAF in serrated adenomas and adenocarcinomas indicates that MAPK activation is a crucial part of the serrated pathway. BRAF mutations are specific for serrated adenocarcinoma, and identify a subset of serrated adenocarcinomas with gene methylation and a tendency for MSI-H. High frequency of KRAS mutations in serrated adenocarcinomas suggests that a significant proportion of KRASmutated CRCs originate from serrated precursors.
Scalable and Secure Sharing of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Using Attribute-Based Encryption

: Personal health record (PHR) is patient centric model in that patient’s health information can share with anyone it will be store in third part, it will be work as cloud. Hence there is main concern of security of private health information as it was stored at third party server and to unauthorized parties. In these proposed method before outsourcing the data give the assurance to patients they having the authority to access own PHR. Till issue such as risk of Health information exposure, easily accessibility, Key Management, efficiency user revocation. In this paper, we define patient-centric architecture and access control for achieve the information of PHR which is stored in cloud server. We can encrypt patient’s PHR File by using Attribute based Encryption and easy to access control on PHR File. As compare to previous work we secure data outsourcing. In these studies we focus on multiple data owner scenario for the avoid complexity for the user and owner and divided users in different security domain. We can focus also access policies dynamic modification, support to on demand user or attribute revocation, access speedily in emergency situation. In our proposed method scalability, efficiency and securities.
Diverging epenthesis processes as result of syncopation: an Optimality Theory account of Syncope, Anaptyxis and Paragoge in two Emiliano-Romagnolo dialects

This thesis explores the different dialectal status of two closely related Emiliano-Romagnolo dialects by employing an Optimality Theory account of syncope and epenthesis (Prince and Smolensky, 1993). Here, the dialects of Bolognese and Riminese represent the Emiliano and Romagnolo languages respectively. The two dialects share a common phonological history as they were both affected by syncope, a process that caused atonic material to be deleted, resulting in new consonant clusters to surface. Bolognese and Riminese, however, differ in the epenthesis process employed when treating a prohibited consonant cluster: anaptyxis occurs in the Emiliano language, restoring the syllable structure by disrupting the cluster with the insertion of a vowel. On the other hand, the process of paragoge takes place in Romagnolo, where a vowel is added word-finally. The objectives of this investigation are therefore identified as the following: (1) define and illustrate the diachronic linguistic phenomena happening in the dialects, (2) explore such difference and how it may be accounted for through the reranking of constraints and (3) to ultimately provide support for the independent status of the Emiliano and Romagnolo languages via the Optimality-theoretical analysis of two representative dialects. In syncope, the analysis illustrates the Bolognese and Riminese output forms surfacing with an identical constraint ranking: hence, the atonic deletion may be justified via one shared account. Contrarily, the two languages are differentiated in the epenthesis analysis: here, either output surfaces depending on the crucial order between two markedness constraints.