Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N-Gram Analysis in SVM Training Phase Reduction Using Dataset Feature Filtering for Malware Detection

An n-gram is a sub-sequence of n items from a given sequence. Various areas of statistical natural language processing and genetic sequence analysis are using N-gram Analysis. In which sequence analysis is the process of comparing the sequence or series of attributes in order to find the similarity. Malicious software that is designed by attackers for disturbing computers is called as malware. The principal belong to the same family of malware eventhough Malware variants will have distinct byte level representations. The byte level content is different because small changes to the malware source code can result in significantly different compiled object code. In which programs are used as operational code (opcode) density histograms obtained through dynamic analysis. The process of testing and evaluation of application or a program during running time is called as dynamic analysis. A SVM is used for classification or regression problems. Kernel trick is a technique by SVM to transform your data and then based on these transformations it finds an optimal boundary between the possible outputs. We employ static analysis to classify malware which is identified a prefilter stage using hex values of files, that can reduce the feature set and therefore reduce the training effort. The result shows that the relationships between features are complex and simple statistics filtering approaches do not provide a Practical approach. One of the approaches, hex decimal based produces a suitable filter. The entire system will be implemented in WEKA tool.
A Marginalist Model of Network Formation

We develop a network-formation model where the quality of a link depends on the amount invested in it and is determined by a link-formation "technology" , an increasing strictly concave function which is the only exogenous ingredient in the model. The revenue from the investments in links is the information that the nodes receive through the network. Two approaches are considered. First, assuming that the investments in links are made by a planner, the basic question is that of the efficient investments, either relative to a given infrastructure (i.e. a set of feasible links) or in absolute terms. It is proved that efficient networks belong to a special class of weighted nested split graph networks. Second, assuming that links are the result of investments of the node-players involved, there is the question of stability in the underlying network-formation game, be it restricted to a given infrastructure or unrestricted. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of the complete and star networks, and nested split graph networks in general, are obtained.
Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant and Leptin Status in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by morphological features indistinguishable from alcoholic hepatitis in individuals who do not consume excess alcohol. NASH can progress to cirrhosis, and liver failure is now the second leading cause of death in these patients. Although the prevalence of NASH appears to be increasing, the etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms involved in developing NASH through biochemical and laboratory parameters in Egyptian patients. This study was conducted on twenty five patients with NASH and twenty normal subjects of matched age and sex as control. All the patients were evaluated for several biochemical parameters through liver function tests, lipid profile, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, malondialdhyde, glutathione peroxidase activity, advanced glycated end products, and serum leptin. Data obtained from these tests were statistically evaluated. Obesity, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus were prevalent among patients with NASH. There was significant increase in malondialdhyde and glutathione peroxidase activity in NASH patients. In addition, there were significant increases in leptin and basic fibroblast growth factor in NASH patients compared to control. Despite examining in different demography, we reestablished obesity, non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia as the important risk factors for NASH. We also found that enhanced oxidative stress was responsible for the second hits to liver in our patients, leading to NASH apart from simple steatosis. We reaffirmed the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of NASH.
A Review of Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxyapatite / Alumina Nano Composite Powder

Calcium Phosphate Ceramics (CPCs) have been widely us d as biomaterials for the regeneration of bone t issue because of their ability to induce osteoblastic differentiatio n in progenitor cells. Among calcium phosphate cera mics; Dicalcium Phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO 4.2H2O) (DCPD), Tri Calcium Phosphate (Ca 3 (PO4)2 (TCP), Tetra Calcium Phosphate (Ca 4P2O9 (TTCP), Octa Calcium Phosphate [(Ca 8H2 (PO4)6] (OCP) and Hydroxyapatite [(Ca 10 (PO4)6 (OH)2] (HA) have been studied for application in medical fields. Hydroxyapatite ( HA) is one of the most investigated bioceramics due to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. Hydroxyapatite biocomposites a re ceramic materials that exhibit excellent bioacti vity, but their inherent low fracture strength and toughness render them unu sable for practical applications. Alumina (Al 2O3) is added to improve the mechanical properties without diminution of bio compatibility. The review summarises the hydroxyapa tite, its weaknesses and strategies for the improvement of its mecha ni al properties. Keyword: Calcium phosphate, Hydroxyapatite, Biocomposite
Bees collect polyurethane and polyethylene plastics as novel nest materials

Plastic waste pervades the global landscape. Although adverse impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, there are few observations of behavioral flexibility and adaptation in species, especially insects, to increasingly plastic-rich environments. Here, two species of megachilid bee are described independently using different types of polyurethane and polyethylene plastics in place of natural materials to construct and close brood cells in nests containing successfully emerging brood. The plastics collected by each bee species resembled the natural materials usually sought; Megachile rotundata, which uses cut plant leaves, was found constructing brood cells out of cut pieces of polyethylene-based plastic bags, and Megachile campanulae, which uses plant and tree resins, had brood cells constructed out of a polyurethane-based exterior building sealant. Although perhaps incidentally collected, the novel use of plastics in the nests of bees could reflect ecologically adaptive traits necessar.
Comparative analysis of genetic diversity of 8 millet genera revealed by ISSR markers

The genetic diversity among different millet genera is not very well known; therefore, an investigation was undertaken with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers to ascertain the possibility of using these DNA markers to reveal the genetic relationships among different millet genera/species. Twelve out of 30 screened ISSR primers amplified successfully, and a total of 258 bands were scored for all 69 millet accessions, with a high level of polymorphism being detected. Nei's genetic distance among all accessions varied from 0.0241 to 0.3786, and from 0.0163 to 0.1476 at the genera level, respectively. The Shannon's index was estimated as 0.9689. The Neighbour joining (NJ) tree created, using the UnWeighted Neighbor-Joining method and Dice’s dissimilarity coefficient, grouped all 69 millet accessions into eight clusters, indicating that the majority of accessions of a given genus tend to group together. The ISSR markers revealed the close relatedness between the Eragrostis and Panicum genera, as well as between Eragrostis and Pennisetum; while the greatest distance was found between the Coix and Setaria genera. Such a determination of relatedness is useful for a better understanding of the difficult relationships among the different millet genera, which are generally considered to be a complex group.
The effect of social capital on financial capital

We study the effect of social capital on financial capital. Specifically, we study how similarity (matching) of borrowers’ and lenders’ cohorts along their corporate social responsibility dimension affects the cost of debt financing. The main finding is that borrowers’ ethical posture alone is not enough for obtaining cheapest rates. Favorable loan conditions are obtained when both lenders and borrowers belong to similar cohorts attributing high value for social responsibility aspects. Employing an international database composed of 4,554 syndicated loans involving 175 corporations in 15 different countries for the period 2003-2006 we document a large and significant reduction in lending rates when both borrowers and lenders belong to similar cohort along the social responsibility dimension. These results withstand a battery of robustness tests.
Through Thickness Microstructural Gradients in 7475 and 2022 Creep - Ageformed Bend Coupons

In creep-ageforming a material experiences continuously variable bending stresses through its thickness, from tensile to compressive, which are maximum at the surfaces. This can potentially result in through thickness microstructural gradients, due to interactions between the bending stresses, creep, and precipitation occurring during ageing, that can alter a component’s performance. The aim of the work reported here was to develop an understanding of these effects in an industrial creep ageforming process. For this purpose two aerospace alloys, 7475 and 2022, were ageformed by Airbus UK using industrial scale ageforming tools. Their microstructures were analysed in detail by TEM, and SAXS, which revealed significant through thickness microstructural changes after forming.
How does privacy perception influence online shopping behavior? : a comparison between millennials and generation X

Purpose: Today more and more retail stores decide to expand their businesses via the Internet. Although e-commerce is facing high growth, increasingly more consumers are concerned with privacy and security issues while shopping online. Aim& Method: This paper will investigate on the influence of privacy perception on online shopping behavior by examining the difference between the two age groups, Millennials and Generation X. Privacy perceptions are therefore addressed by using the construct of perceived risk and trust. Data was obtained via an online survey, to reveal respondents risk and trust perceptions as well as their online shopping behavior. For the analysis a total of 198 respondents is used. Results & Conclusion: The data revealed an effect of risk as a predictor for online shopping behavior for Millennials and Generation X. A significant negative effect for risks regarding financial information, i.e. transaction risk, can be found, to influence both generations to the same degree while engaging in online shopping. Further, risks regarding disclosure and inappropriate handling personal information in the Internet, i.e. privacy risk, are present while shopping online. However, no influence on online shopping behavior can be found for this type of risk. Practical Implications: Investments in risk-reducing strategies towards safer handling of financial and personal information online are crucial for marketers to exploit the full range of online opportunities. Addressing consumers fears, but also educate them in safety enhancing steps assists in counteracting on consumers fears online.
The Impact of Political Skills on Employee Outcomes

Current research proposes the direct link of political skills with job performance, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. We particularly proposed that political skill is positively related to job performance and job satisfaction and it is negatively related to turnover intentions. We tested out hypothesized model adopting two data analysis techniques including linear regresson analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Using a sample of 350 employees working in the service sector of Pakistan we found strong support for our hypothesized model. The results clearly depict that political skill is positively related to job performance and job satisfaction and it is negatively related to turnover intentions. At the end results are discussed, limitations and future research directions are provided in detail. Keywords: Political skill, job performance, job satisfaction, turnover intentions.
Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 - the first alien amphipod crustacean in freshwaters of Iberian Peninsula (Portugal).

Crangonyx pseudogracilis, a North American crangonyctid amphipod, was found in a stream of Santarem District (Portugal) in September 2011. It is the first record of this species from the Iberian Peninsula. Exact time, mode of introduction and distribution of C. pseudogracilis in the area remain unknown. So far its occurrence was reported only from several countries in north-western Europe. A short overview upon the species general distribution, ecology and invasive potential is provided.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SURVIVIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HPV-INDUCED CERVICAL DYSPLASIA

Genomic integration of high-risk human papilloma virus in the nucleus of cervical epithelial mucosal cells leads to epithelial dysplasia. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of correlation between epithelial sur- vivin expression and the degree of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervical epithelial dysplasia, and to establish the significance of morphometric analysis of the nuclear area in the assessment of the degree of cervical dysplasia. This retrospective study included 99 women with primary, previously untreated lesions, and colposcopic findings indicating dysplasia, in whom a cytological test by Papanicolaou method was interpreted according to the Bethesda criteria as low- grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). We performed human papilloma virus (HPV) typing by PCR for evidence of viruse types 16, 18, 31, 33. After biopsy of the cervical mucosa, we performed hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, and immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of tissue samples. The control group consisted of 12 women without dysplasia and without a verified infection of cervical high-risk HPV. A high statistical cor- relation between the degree of dysplasia and expression of survivin was found in patients with different types of cervical dysplasia (p = 0.003). We observed a high statistical difference between the area of nuclei at different degrees of cervical dysplasias (p = 0.000). The high-grade cervical dysplasia had a more than 2-fold higher level of ranking in comparison to low-grade dysplasia, and a more than 10-fold higher ranking than the control group without cervical dysplasia.
Automatic Affine Structure Recovery Using RANSAC

We present a new method for affine structure recovery from a projective one. It is based on the natural presence of parallel lines in manmade scenes. The proposed method is completely automatic and it does not need any prior information or human interaction. The affine information recovery is carried out using a projective reconstruction that can be obtained from two views of the scene using multiview geometry methods. Affine information contains more structure than the projective one and may be enough for many tasks like measuring centroids or identifying parallel lines. It is also the mid point and the most difficult step of the stratified scene reconstruction. Our method has the advantage of needing only two images and being completely autonomous. Parallel lines are detected directly on the projective structure and used to compute the plane at infinity. This detection is carried out in a probabilistic way using the RANSAC algorithm. Its convergence is based on the fact that intersection points of parallel lines belong to a unique plane (the plane at infinity). These points are easily identified since intersection points of non parallel lines will be randomly scattered across the space.
Benthic diatom communities and their relationship to water chemistry in wetlands of central Italy

Diatoms are good environmental indicators and are often the main component of phytobenthos, one of the key groups of organisms recommended by the Water Framework Directive (W.F.D.) for the assessment of ecological status of surface waters. Although diatoms are regularly used as indicators in rivers and in lakes, less is known about the benthic diatom communities in wetland systems, especially in Italy. The main aim of the project was to provide a contribution to the knowledge on distribution, composition and structure of benthic diatom communities in wetland systems in Italy. In 2005, we investigated the benthic diatom communities and their relationships to water variables of nine ponds and wetlands along the Tyrrhenian coast near Rome. Furthermore, a first application of seven European diatom-based indices on this type of water body was undertaken. A total of 225 species and varieties belonging to 54 genera were identified. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that certain species were closely associated with each wetland type and their distribution mainly depended on nutrient and chloride contents: pollution tolerant species (i. e. Luticola goeppertiana, Mayamaea atomus, Navicula subminuscula) in the wetlands connected to river mouths, halophilous species and also marine littoral species (i. e. Nitzschia elegantula, Amphora coffeaeformis, Achnanthes brevipes var. intermedia, Epithemia adnata var. porcellus) in the coastal brackish ponds and wetlands, and less eutrophic species (i. e. Achnanthidium minutissimum, A. biasolettianum) in the lowland freshwater wetland. In general, the indices classified most of the studied water bodies as bad, poor and moderate status; few sites were classified into a good class, even for at least in one sampling occasion. Eutrophication and Pollution Index (EPI-D), Trophic Diatom Index (TDI), Taxa Pollution Tolerant (%PT), Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS) and Generic Diatom Index (IDG) were significantly correlated to nutrient contents in the studied wetlands. Our preliminary data set illustrated the potential of the use of these benthic algae as bioindicators in wetlands.
Comparison of the Unstimulated whole Saliva Flow Rate in Diabetic Type II Patients with Healthy Individuals

iabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder which it’s micro and macro vascular changes cause different complications like: xerostomia, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, poor healing of lesions, increase risk of caries, periodontal disease and etc (1). Polyuria, medication, vascular changes and autonomic neuropathy can cause decrease of saliva secretion in diabetics (2-3). Dysphagia, D 1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2Professor, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 3Dentist, Yazd, Iran. 4Postgraguate Student, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 5Undergraguate Student, School of Dentistry, Esfehan University of Medical Sciences, Esfehan, Iran.
On Consensus-Based Distributed Blind Calibration of Sensor Networks

This paper deals with recently proposed algorithms for real-time distributed blind macro-calibration of sensor networks based on consensus (synchronization). The algorithms are completely decentralized and do not require a fusion center. The goal is to consolidate all of the existing results on the subject, present them in a unified way, and provide additional important analysis of theoretical and practical issues that one can encounter when designing and applying the methodology. We first present the basic algorithm which estimates local calibration parameters by enforcing asymptotic consensus, in the mean-square sense and with probability one (w.p.1), on calibrated sensor gains and calibrated sensor offsets. For the more realistic case in which additive measurement noise, communication dropouts and additive communication noise are present, two algorithm modifications are discussed: one that uses a simple compensation term, and a more robust one based on an instrumental variable. The modified algorithms also achieve asymptotic agreement for calibrated sensor gains and offsets, in the mean-square sense and w.p.1. The convergence rate can be determined in terms of an upper bound on the mean-square error. The case when the communications between nodes is completely asynchronous, which is of substantial importance for real-world applications, is also presented. Suggestions for design of a priori adjustable weights are given. We also present the results for the case in which the underlying sensor network has a subset of (precalibrated) reference sensors with fixed calibration parameters. Wide applicability and efficacy of these algorithms are illustrated on several simulation examples. Finally, important open questions and future research directions are discussed.
Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Muhammad Fahad Nawaz „ Laboratory Soft X-Ray Microscope based on Incoherent Capillary Discharge Source ”

PhD dissertation of Mister Muhammad Fahad Nawaz discusses the design and development issues of the first soft X-ray microsoppe based on an incoherent capillary discharge source. The imaging with Soft X-ray radiation is often considered due to the present absorption for biological materials allowing for both phase and amplitude imaging. I believe that the thesis topic is interesting, scientifically valid and solves important technical problems, and its realization can bring new scientific and technical developments.
The effects of community interactions and quarantine on a complex network

An adaptive complex network based on a susceptible–exposed–infectious–quarantine–recovered (SEIQR) framework is implemented to investigate the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease. The topology and its relations with network parameters are discussed. Using the primary outbreak data from the SEIQR network model, a regression model is developed to describe the relation between the quarantine rate and the key epidemiological parameters. We approximate the quarantine rate as a function of the number of individuals visiting communities and hubs, then incorporate it into the adaptive complex network to investigate the disease transmission dynamics. The proposed quantity can be estimated from the outbreak data and hence is more approachable as compared to the constant rate. Our results suggest that contact radius, hub radius, number of hubs, hub capacity and transmission rate may be important determinants to predict the disease spread and severity of outbreaks. Moreover, our results also suggest that during an outbreak, closing down certain public facilities or reducing their capacities and reducing the number of individuals visiting communities or public places, may significantly slow down the disease spread.
Vehicle Re-identification with the Space-Time Prior

Vehicle re-identification (Re-ID) is fundamentally challenging due to the difficulties in data labeling, visual domain mismatch between datasets and diverse appearance of the same vehicle. We propose the adaptive feature learning technique based on the space-time prior to address these issues. The idea is demonstrated effectively in both the human Re-ID and the vehicle Re-ID tasks. We train a vehicle feature extractor in a multi-task learning manner on three existing vehicle datasets and fine-tune the feature extractor with the adaptive feature learning technique on the target domain. We then develop a vehicle Re-ID system based on the learned vehicle feature extractor. Finally, our meticulous system design leads to the second place in the 2018 NVIDIA AI City Challenge Track 3.