Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORIGIN OF THE DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURES OF THE JOVIAN AND SATURNIAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS

The Jovian regular satellite system mainly consists of four Galilean satellites that have similar masses and are trapped in mutual mean-motion resonances except for the outer satellite, Callisto. On the other hand, the Saturnian regular satellite system has only one big icy body, Titan, and a population of much smaller icy moons. We have investigated the origin of these major differences between the Jovian and Saturnian satellite systems by semi-analytically simulating the growth and orbital migration of proto-satellites in an accreting proto-satellite disk. We set up two different disk evolution/structure models that correspond to Jovian and Saturnian systems, by building upon previously developed models of an actively supplied proto-satellite disk, the formation of gas giants, and observations of young stars. Our simulations extend previous models by including the (1) different termination timescales of gas infall onto the proto-satellite disk and (2) different evolution of a cavity in the disk, between the Jovian and Saturnian systems. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations and have shown that in the case of the Jovian systems, four to five similar-mass satellites are likely to remain trapped in mean-motion resonances. This orbital configuration is formed by type I migration, temporal stopping of the migration near the disk inner edge, and quick truncation of gas infall caused by Jupiter opening a gap in the solar nebula. The Saturnian systems tend to end up with one dominant body in the outer regions caused by the slower decay of gas infall associated with global depletion of the solar nebula. The total mass and compositional zoning of the predicted Jovian and Saturnian satellite systems are consistent with the observed satellite systems.
Cobalt–Graphene Catalyst for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol to Cyclohexanol

Herein, cobalt-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) catalyst was synthesized with a practical impregnation–calcination approach for the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol to cyclohexanol. The synthesized Co/rGO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis. According to the comprehensive characterization results, the catalyst contains single Co atoms in the graphene matrix and Co oxide nanoparticles (CoOx) on the graphene surface. The isolated Co atoms embedded in the rGO matrix form stable metal carbides (CoCx), which constitute catalytically active sites for hydrogenation. The rGO material with proper amounts of N heteroatoms and lattice defects becomes a suitable graphene material for fabricating the catalyst. The Co/rGO catalyst without prereduction treatment leads to the complete conversion of guaiacol with 93.2% selectivity to cyclohexanol under mild conditions. The remarkable HDO capability of the Co/rGO catalyst is attributed to the unique metal–acid synergy between the CoCx sites and the acid sites of the CoOx nanoparticles. The CoCx sites provide H while the acid sites of CoOx nanoparticles bind the C-O group of reactants to the surface, allowing easier C-O scission. The reaction pathways were characterized based on the observed reaction–product distributions. The effects of the process parameters on catalyst preparation and the HDO reaction, as well as the reusability of the catalyst, were systematically investigated.
THE GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION DURING THE REIONIZATION EPOCH

The new Wide Field Camera 3/IR observations on the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) started investigating the properties of galaxies during the reionization epoch. To interpret these observations, we present a novel approach inspired by the conditional luminosity function method. We calibrate our model to observations at z = 6 and assume a non-evolving galaxy luminosity versus halo mass relation. We first compare model predictions against the luminosity function (LF) measured at z = 5 and z = 4. We then predict the LF at z ⩾ 7 under the sole assumption of evolution in the underlying dark-matter halo mass function. Our model is consistent with the observed z ≳ 7 galaxy number counts in the HUDF survey and suggests a possible steepening of the faint-end slope of the LF: α(z ≳ 8) ≲ −1.9 compared to α = −1.74 at z = 6. Although we currently see only the brightest galaxies, a hidden population of lower luminosity objects (L/L* ≳ 10−4) might provide ≳75% of the total reionizing flux. Assuming escape fraction fesc ∼ 0.2, clumping factor C ∼ 5, top-heavy initial mass function (IMF), and low metallicity, galaxies below the detection limit produce complete reionization at z ≳ 8. For solar metallicity and normal stellar IMF, reionization finishes at z ≳ 6, but a smaller C/fesc is required for an optical depth consistent with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe measurement. Our model highlights that the star formation rate in sub-L* galaxies has a quasi-linear relation to dark-matter halo mass, suggesting that radiative and mechanical feedback were less effective at z ⩾ 6 than today.
Myocardial Bridge Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital coronary artery malformation. Various clinical symptoms related to MB have been reported; however, subxiphoid pain has rarely been reported. Moreover, it is rarer for electrocardiography (ECG) to show such obvious ischaemia in patients with MB. Objectve: To report the case of a 65- year-old patient in whom the diagnosis was made during coronary angiography, and whose management was pharmacological with good progress. Case Report: The patient was 65 years old, with no cardiovascular risk factors other than age and male gender, a former smoker with 20 BPs, admitted to our clinic for management of stress angina that had been present for 3 years prior to his admission, associated with NYHA stage II dyspnea. On admission, the patient was conscious, hemodynamically and respiratory stable, with no signs of right or left heart failure. The ECG was in regular sinus rhythm, with negative T waves in septo-apical, extended to the right leads. Troponin was positive at 110ng/l. TTE was performed showing a non-dilated, non-hypertrophied LV with preserved systolic function LVEF at 72%, preserved segmental and global kinetics, non-dilated atria free of echoes, absence of significant mitro-aortic valve disease, LV size and longitudinal systolic function preserved. A coronary angiography was performed showing a Milking aspect of the anterior interventricular artery, associated with coronary-ventricular fistulas, without significant atheromatous lesions. Discussion and Conclusion: The myocardial bridge corresponds to a coronary anomaly, most often congenital, in its anatomical relationship to the myocardial muscle, which more frequently affects the anterior interventricular artery. Despite technical advances, angiography remains the reference diagnostic method with a typical image of milking systolic compression. In most cases benign and asymptomatic, it can nevertheless be responsible for serious and even fatal complications. Several therapeutic alternatives are available, ranging from pharmacological treatment to interventional treatment
TYPE Ib SUPERNOVA 2008D ASSOCIATED WITH THE LUMINOUS X-RAY TRANSIENT 080109: AN ENERGETIC EXPLOSION OF A MASSIVE HELIUM STAR

We present a theoretical model for supernova SN 2008D associated with the luminous X-ray transient 080109. The bolometric light curve and optical spectra of the SN are modeled based on the progenitor models and the explosion models obtained from hydrodynamic/nucleosynthetic calculations. We find that SN 2008D is a more energetic explosion than normal core-collapse supernovae, with an ejecta mass of Mej = 5.3 ± 1.0 M☉ and a kinetic energy of EK = 6.0 ± 2.5 × 1051 erg. The progenitor star of the SN has a 6–8 M☉ He core with essentially no H envelope (<5 × 10−4 M☉) prior to the explosion. The main-sequence mass of the progenitor is estimated to be MMS = 20–25 M☉, with additional systematic uncertainties due to convection, mass loss, rotation, and binary effects. These properties are intermediate between those of normal SNe and hypernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts. The mass of the central remnant is estimated as 1.6–1.8 M☉, which is near the boundary between neutron star and black hole formation.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Quality of Life in Adult Cochlear Implant Users: A Survey Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread through Europe in the first months of 2020. On the 9th of March 2020, the Italian government ordered a national lock-down. The study’s objectives were: to investigate the effect of lockdown on CI users; and to detect the difference in the perception of discomfort existing between unilateral cochlear implant (UCI) users and bilateral cochlear implant (BCI) users, due to the lockdown experience. Methods: A 17-item, web-based, anonymous online survey was administered to 57 CI users, exploring hearing performance, emotions, practical issues, behavior, and tinnitus. Participation in the study was voluntary. Results: all CI users obtained an abnormal score in all questionnaire themes. For the emotion theme and the practical issue theme, the age range 61–90 showed a significant difference between UCI and BCI users in favor of BCI users (emotion theme: UCI mean = 3.9, BCI mean = 2.3, p = 0.0138; practical issues: UCI mean = 4, BCI mean = 3, p = 0.0031). Conclusions: CI users experienced the lockdown negatively as regards behavior, emotions, hearing performance, and in practical issues. CI subjects with UCI in old age suffered more from the experience of lockdown than subjects with BCI in the same age, with regards to emotions and practical issues.
Potential impacts of reduced inflows to the Salton Sea: Forecasting non‐market damages

Terminal lakes throughout the American West provide important amenity and environmental values, but many are shrinking due to reduced inflows and warming temperatures. In California's Imperial Valley, agricultural water use reductions diminish inflows supporting the Salton Sea, a terminal desert lake and important environmental amenity for both the region and the state as a whole. The costs of these reduced inflows are difficult to monetize yet complicate management decisions. We assess the costs of potential future drought‐induced transfers by linking novel hydrologic scenarios to an economic framework for quantifying local and regional damages based on existing estimates of non‐market environmental values from the literature. The costs of lost wetland ecosystems, increases in particulate matter from exposed playa, and other local disamenities are substantial. For the scenarios considered, they range between approximately $500 million and $1 billion in present value (2019 USD). Estimated damages per acre‐foot (or thousand m3) of reallocated water exceed several thousand dollars. The majority arise from loss of wetland habitat; incremental particulate matter damages are relatively modest in our modeling but exacerbate salient air quality issues in the region. Interest in reallocating water from Imperial Valley, the largest user of Colorado River water, to other applications will increase over time. Our work highlights the importance of evaluating the impacts of such efforts.
Measuring Quality of Life in Home Parenteral Nutrition Outpatients is a Complex Art

Background: Patients treated with home parenteral nutrition often have impaired quality of life (QoL). The use of QoL measurements, may provide the possibility to prioritize problems between clinician and patient and to monitor response to treatment. Objective: To find the two tools most suited for assessment of QoL in our HPN-patients. Further, to investigate quality of life, patient’s perception of tools, and the sensitivity to hand grip strength (HGS) and internal validity of the preferred tool. Methods: The iterative multi-method design included document analysis, semi-structured patient interviews, and a questionnaire based investigation using the two tools. Results were compared to HGS. For statistics, unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney were used. Results: EORTC-QLQ-C30 and HPN-QOL address the eight domains found in the 13 patient interviews. Thirty-one patients replied to QOL-questionnaires. Low QoL was found by EORTC-QLQ-C30, General Health (GH)=51.26 (SD±4.28). Using HPN-QOL, QoL was slightly better (GH=69.85 (SD±3.62)). Worst items were employment, sexual function, ability to holiday, fatigue and sleep. Differences between tools were seen for physical function (p=0.00), and fatigue (p=0.02). For the preferred “HPN-QOL” the association between “General Health” and “The physical function score” and HGS were insignificant. Evaluation of internal validity with Cronbach`s α test 64.28% were above 0.7. Conclusion: Eight domains found by interviews were reflected in EORTC-QLQ-C30 and HPN-QOL. Patients preferred the HPN-QOL. QOL was decreased and an ongoing assessment using HPN-QOL seems relevant, even though our measures did not show association with HGS. Internal validity was fair for HPN-QOL. Keywords: Home parenteral nutrition; Intestinal failure; Quality of life; Patients; Outpatients; HPN-QOL
Evaluation of diagnostic utility and performance of rapid SARS-CoV- 2 antigen detection assay in comparison with Real-Time RT-PCR in Kolkata, India

Background: COVID-19 has so far affected millions of people in India. The present study was undertaken to find out the performance and reliability of rapid antigen test (RAT) in compared to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: The pre and existing medical conditions and clinical signs and symptoms were noted. The nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken for RAT, while both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were mixed in a sterile viral transported medium (VTM) for RT-PCR. All patients were examined by RAT, while symptomatic negative in RAT were re-examined by RT-PCR.Results: Total 18,965 samples were examined by RAT and 3,998 samples by RT-PCR. Among them, only 5,753 patients (30.3%) were symptomatic and 1,757 patients (9.2%) were symptomatic positive. RAT showed overall 15.2% positive cases. Only 3.7% samples exhibited false negative results in RAT, which were found positive in RT-PCR. Interestingly, Ct (cycle threshold) values were >30 in all these samples.Conclusion: Hence, specific antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) will be most useful and reliable among any other qualitative tests for screening purpose.
An Improved Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Dark Matter Subhaloes

Using an analytical model, we study the evolution of subhalo, including its mass, angular momentum and merging time-scale. This model considers the dominant processes governing subhalo evolution, such as dynamical friction, tidal stripping and tidal heating. We find that in order to best match the evolution of angular momentum measured from N-body simulation, mass stripping by tidal force should become inefficient after subhalo has experienced a few passages of pericentre. It is also found that the often used Coulomb logarithm ln M/m has to be revised to best fit the merging time-scales from simulation. Combining the analytical model with the extended Press-Schechter (EPS) based merger trees, we study the subhalo mass function, and their spatial distribution in a Milky Way (MW) type halo. By tuning the tidal stripping efficiency, we can gain a better match to the subhalo mass function from simulation. The predicted distribution of subhaloes is found to agree with the distribution of MW satellites, but is more concentrated than the simulation results. The radial distribution of subhaloes depends weakly on subhaloes mass at both present day and the time of accretion, but strongly on the accretion time. Using the improved model, we measure the second moment of the subhalo occupation distribution, and it agrees well with the results of Kravtsov et al. and Zheng et al.
The Management of Toe Walking in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: “Cast and Go”

Background: Toe walking is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Correction of this “behavior” is a health challenge. The toe walker is affected by the contact refusal with the outside world: touching the ground as little as possible, trying to avoid any contact. A structured equines foot is a possible consequence. Method: We present the “Cast and Go” protocol, used in 22 idiopathic toe walker children with ASD treated from 2015 to 2020. The treatment was performed by a single senior experienced doctor with botulinum injection, ankle casts and rehabilitative therapies. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment clinical evaluation using ankle dorsiflexion angle and casting number as treatment. We aimed to identify the intervention with the shortest acquisition time for the management of toe walking. Results: Our findings demonstrated the baseline ankle dorsiflexion angle influenced the casting number (p < 0.01) and male patients had a higher baseline ankle dorsiflexion angle than female patients (p < 0.01). No adverse events were observed. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the “Cast and Go” protocol could be a promising, dynamic and effective practice for toe walking disease in ASD patients.
Hybrid CLAHE-CNN Deep Neural Networks for Classifying Lung Diseases from X-ray Acquisitions

Chest and lung diseases are among the most serious chronic diseases in the world, and they occur as a result of factors such as smoking, air pollution, or bacterial infection, which would expose the respiratory system and chest to serious disorders. Chest diseases lead to a natural weakness in the respiratory system, which requires the patient to take care and attention to alleviate this problem. Countries are interested in encouraging medical research and monitoring the spread of communicable diseases. Therefore, they advised researchers to perform studies to curb the diseases’ spread and urged researchers to devise methods for swiftly and readily detecting and distinguishing lung diseases. In this paper, we propose a hybrid architecture of contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and deep convolutional network for the classification of lung diseases. We used X-ray images to create a convolutional neural network (CNN) for early identification and categorization of lung diseases. Initially, the proposed method implemented the support vector machine to classify the images with and without using CLAHE equalizer. The obtained results were compared with the CNN networks. Later, two different experiments were implemented with hybrid architecture of deep CNN networks and CLAHE as a preprocessing for image enhancement. The experimental results indicate that the suggested hybrid architecture outperforms traditional methods by roughly 20% in terms of accuracy.
Alternative Models for Bilevel Factor Analysis.

AUTHOR Mok, Magdalena M. C. ; McDonald, Roderick P. TITLE Alternative Models for Bilevel Factor Analysis. SPONS AGENCY Macquarie Univ., North Ryde (Australia). PUB DATE Apr 93 CONTRACT MURG-20623421BAL NOTE 26p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Atlanta, GA, April 12-16, 1993). AVAILABLE FROM Magdelena Mok, School of Education, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) Speeches/Conference Papers (150)
A MULTI-WAVELENGTH STUDY OF THE NATURE OF TYPE 1.8/1.9 SEYFERT GALAXIES

We focus on determining the underlying physical cause of a Seyfert galaxy's appearance as type 1.8 or 1.9. Are these “intermediate” Seyfert types typical Seyfert 1 nuclei with reddened broad-line regions? Or are they objects with intrinsically weak continua and broad emission lines? We compare measurements of the optical reddening of the narrow and broad-line regions with each other and with the X-ray column derived from XMM-Newton 0.5–10 keV spectra to determine the presence and location of dust in the line of sight. We also searched the literature to see if the objects showed evidence for broad-line variability, and determined if the changes were consistent with a change in reddening or a change in the intrinsic ionizing continuum flux. We find that 10 of 19 objects previously classified as Seyfert 1.8/1.9s received this designation due to their low continuum flux. In four objects, the classification was due to broad emission-line region reddening, either by the torus or dust structures in the vicinity of the narrow emission-line region; in the remaining five objects there is not sufficient evidence to favor one scenario over the other. These findings imply that, in general, samples of 1.8/1.9s are not suitable for use in studies of gas and dust in the central torus.
How Does FDI Affect Cities’ Low-Carbon Innovation? The Moderation Effect of Smart City Development

ABSTRACT Analyzing data from 285 Chinese cities for the period 2005–2016, we examined the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on low-carbon innovation, and explored smart city development’s (SCD) moderating role. We found that FDI had a significant positive effect, while SCD played a positive moderating role. Specifically, SCD’s moderating role occurred through three channels: information and communication technology, smart finance, and smart government. Moreover, SCD may maximize innovation advantages and facilitate low-carbon innovation resource flow into more efficient departments. Finally, FDI may improve low-carbon innovation, while SCD may maximize the spillover effect of FDI on low-carbon innovation.
THE RED-SEQUENCE CLUSTER SURVEY-2 (RCS-2): SURVEY DETAILS AND PHOTOMETRIC CATALOG CONSTRUCTION

The second Red-sequence Cluster Survey (RCS-2) is a ∼1000 deg2, multi-color imaging survey using the square-degree imager, MegaCam, on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. It is designed to detect clusters of galaxies over the redshift range 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 1. The primary aim is to build a statistically complete, large (∼104) sample of clusters, covering a sufficiently long redshift baseline to be able to place constraints on cosmological parameters via the evolution of the cluster mass function. Other main science goals include building a large sample of high surface brightness, strongly gravitationally lensed arcs associated with these clusters, and an unprecedented sample of several tens of thousands of galaxy clusters and groups, spanning a large range of halo mass, with which to study the properties and evolution of their member galaxies. This paper describes the design of the survey and the methodology for acquiring, reducing, and calibrating the data for the production of high-precision photometric catalogs. We describe the method for calibrating our griz imaging data using the colors of the stellar locus and overlapping Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry. This yields an absolute accuracy of <0.03 mag on any color and ≈0.05 mag in the r-band magnitude, verified with respect to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our astrometric calibration is accurate to ≪0. ″3 from comparison with SDSS positions. RCS-2 reaches average 5σ point-source limiting magnitudes of griz = [24.4, 24.3, 23.7, 22.8], approximately 1–2 mag deeper than the SDSS. Due to the queue-scheduled nature of the observations, the data are highly uniform and taken in excellent seeing, mostly FWHM ≲ 0. ″7 in the r band. In addition to the main science goals just described, these data form the basis for a number of other planned and ongoing projects (including the WiggleZ survey), making RCS-2 an important next-generation imaging survey.