Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding behavior of brown trout, Salmo trutta fario, during spawning season in four rivers of Lar National Park, Iran

Brown trout, Salmo trutta fario, has a wide range of distribution in the north of Iran and in Karaj, Lighvanchai and Karun Rivers, but there is no report about its feeding behavior in some water resources including the Lar Natural Park. In order to study feeding behavior of this fish during spawning season, a survey was carried out in the rivers of Elarm, Aab-Sefid, Kamardasht and Delichayi in fall 2008. A total of 140 individuals of brown trout were caught by cast net and electro fishing. Mean weight and length of the samples were 130±79.5 g and 216.9±39 mm, respectively. The age of fish was 2 to 6 years and mean age was 3.02±1.3. The mean relative gut length (RLG) of samples was 0.86±1. It was found that brown trout fed on various preys (32 animal groups), that Chironomidae (88.6%), Simulidae (60%), Baetidae (51.4%) and Tipulidae (50%) have had the most frequency in the gut of brown trout. The proportion of food consumed by trout was Diptera 91.5% (Chironomidae pupa and larvae 85.8%), Coleoptera 6.4% and others 2.1%. Cannibalism was seen scarcely. In conclusion, brown trout consumes a wide range of food items in its spawning season. Therefore, it can be classified as euryphagous and carnivaorous.
Chemical and electrochemical characterization

Polyaniline coated conducting fabrics have been obtained by chemical oxidation of aniline by potassium peroxydisulfate on polyester fabrics. Two different acids have been employed to carry out the synthesis (HCl and H2SO4), obtaining the best results of conductivity with the latter one. The conducting fabrics have been characterized chemically by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of the coatings has been observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conducting properties of the fabrics have been measured by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical characterization has been carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The conducting fabrics have also shown electrochromic properties, changing its color from green yellowish at -1 V to dark green at +2 V. The durability of the coating has been evaluated by means of washing and rubbing fastness tests.
The Creative Self-Concept as a Mediator Between Openness to Experience and Creative Behaviour

Abstract This study examined the mediation effect of creative self-concept on the relationship between Openness to Experience and creative behaviours among university students. Participants in the study completed self-report measures of Openness to Experience, creative behaviours and creative self-concept. Structural equation modelling revealed that, as predicted, Openness to Experience was indirectly related to creative behaviours through creative self-concept. Implications for future research and limitations of the present findings are discussed.
Female Employment and Fertility Decisions; Is there an Implication for Household Consumption in South-West Nigeria?

This study examined the impact of female employment and fertility decisions on household consumption in a working life cycle of South-West Nigeria. Survey method was used to collect data and multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 600 households in South-West Nigeria. 514 questionnaires were analysed after removing the incomplete. Linear Structural Relations Models was use to analyse the data. The result showed that household consumption is caused by fertility decision, female employment, income and female education. Fertility decisions had a positive and statistically significant relationship with household consumption while female employment has a negative but significant relationship with household consumption. The study concluded that the presence of children in households increases consumption in a working life cycle.
Community Financing of Renewable Energy Projects in the Age of Low and Negative Interest Rates in Austria and Switzerland

This contribution describes the current attitudes of potential investors towards community financing of renewable energy projects. Based on a representative survey of more than 2,000 respondents, conducted in Austria and in French- and German-speaking parts of Switzerland in 2015, the study identified four types of potential investors depending on their location (urban vs. rural) and social acceptance of wind energy.
Statistical forecasting and optimization of television advertising efficiency

The paper deals with two important problems of media planning that are statistical forecasting of television audience perception of advertising messages and optimization of advertising campaign efficiency. A probability model that allows to perform aggregation of a sequence of television advertising breaks is designed. It is proposed to describe a behavior of each person is panel using binomial distribution. A new method of model parameter estimation for person perception of advertising messages is developed. Estimators that are based on the new method ensure smaller variance and range then the classical ones. The result of forecasting is used for optimal advertising campaign planning, which is generated by applying the proposed two-stage hybrid genetic algorithm. The developed prediction method and optimization algorithm have been implemented in commercial software package.
Fecundity reproductive cycle of a local population of Gammarus pulex in Sepidan (Fars Province, Iran).

Gammarus pulex reproductive was studied in Komehr spring, in Komehr village Fars province, South of Iran. Specimens were collected using a net with 1 mm mesh size. Water temperature, DO, PH, No2, No, Po4, Ec, K, Mg, Total hardens and TDS were measured. Biological parameters including length and wet weight of males and females, number of female having eggs, number of eggs presented in moraspum sac of female, sex ratio, egg size, fecundity and reproductive effort was studied. Mean length of both sex and mean wet weight of males increased in autumn, decreased in spring and increased again in summer. Number of eggs in marsopium sac, female's wet weight, fecundity, and reproductive effort increased from autumn toward summer and egg volume increased in autumn and winter and reduces a little with increasing in egg's number in spring and summer. All reproductive factors showed significant differences throughout the year.
A Rigorous Complexity Analysis of the (1 + 1) Evolutionary Algorithm for Separable Functions with Boolean Inputs

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are heuristic randomized algorithms which, by many impressive experiments, have been proven to behave quite well for optimization problems of various kinds. In this paper a rigorous theoretical complexity analysis of the (1 + 1) evolutionary algorithm for separable functions with Boolean inputs is given. Different mutation rates are compared, and the use of the crossover operator is investigated. The main contribution is not the result that the expected run time of the (1 + 1) evolutionary algorithm is (n ln n) for separable functions with n variables but the methods by which this result can be proven rigorously.
Stresses Variation due to the Anomalies in Circle of Willis

The aneurysm is a complex phenomenon which is affected by different factors, such as the biological diseases and the blood flow parameters. The wall shear stress and pressure are the main factors in the establishment and growth of cerebral aneurysm. The circle of Willis is a prevalent location for aneurysm. On the other hand, the anomalies of circle of Willis cause variations in flow field pattern and also the wall shear stress and pressure. In the present study, the effects of some anomalies in the flow pattern are investigated using three dimensional simulation of the Circle of Willis. The simulations are conducted using commercial ANSYS FLUENT. The obtained results show the major anomalies cause increase wall shear stress and pressure on the wall of circle of Willis. This factor can lead to increase the risk of aneurysm.
Reidemeister torsion, peripheral complex and Alexander polynomials of hypersurface complements

Let $f:\CN \rightarrow \C $ be a polynomial, which is transversal (or regular) at infinity. Let $\U=\CN\setminus f^{-1}(0)$ be the corresponding affine hypersurface complement. By using the peripheral complex associated to $f$, we give several estimates for the (infinite cyclic) Alexander polynomials of $\U$ induced by $f$, and we describe the error terms for such estimates. The obtained polynomial identities can be further refined by using the Reidemeister torsion, generalizing a similar formula proved by Cogolludo and Florens in the case of plane curves. We also show that the above-mentioned peripheral complex underlies an algebraic mixed Hodge module. This fact allows us to construct mixed Hodge structures on the Alexander modules of the boundary manifold of $\U$.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Hybrids in divers (Gaviiformes)

The incidence of hybridisation in birds diﬀers greatly between orders and is expected to be low in orders comprising few species. The divers or loons (Gavi-iformes) are a species-poor group in which apparent hybridisation has been reported infrequently. Here we report on a hybrid diver stored in the collections of the Zoological Museum Amsterdam. The bird shows a heterogeneous set of characters, some shared with the putative parent species White-billed Diver Gavia adamsii and Great Northern Diver G. immer , others being intermediate between the two. A Canonical Discriminant Function analysis positions the bird between these two putative parent species, making a hybrid status quite likely. We evaluate the evidence for hybridisation in the order Gaviiformes and conclude that hybridisation has been suspected in four of the ﬁve species, though documentation is limited. If this high incidence could be conﬁrmed, it would rank among the highest of any avian order, contradicting the assumption that incidence of hybridisation in small orders is relatively low.
Executive Compensation and Analyst Guidance: The Link between CEO Compensation and Expectations Management

During the last decade, a surprisingly high percentage of U.S. companies has fulfilled or beaten analysts' earnings per share forecasts. One of the most frequently cited reasons for this growing tendency is a change in the nature of U.S. executive compensation structure. As stock options have become an increasingly important part of executive compensation, the preservation or enhancement of short term stock value around the earnings announcement has become a priority for managers. Besides earnings management, a widespread way to meet analyst expectations is to inject pessimism into their forecasts by providing analysts with negative clues, or so-called downward guidance. This paper is the first to investigate the relationship between the practice of analyst guidance and executive compensation packages. We document a strong link between expectations management and the relevant options component of CEO compensation, bonus plans, and the percentage of the company's shares owned by the CEO who manages it. In a second set of tests, we show that firms which meet or beat analyst forecasts at the earnings announcement generate positive abnormal returns, which are significantly lower for firms suspected of managing expectations.
Free-space optical data link using Peltier-cooled quantum cascade laser

The authors demonstrate a free-space optical data link over 350 m using a Peltier-cooled 9.3 /spl mu/m quantum cascade laser operating at a duty cycle of almost 50%. On the emitter side, a Ge lens was used for beam collimation and a flat mirror for beam steering, while on the receiver side, a fast room-temperature HgCdTe detector in combination with a /spl phi/=16 cm mirror telescope detected the incoming signal. Short pulses at a maximum repetition rate of 330 MHz were successfully transmitted. The signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement was limited by the power equivalent noise of the detector.
Promoting Ecological Citizenship: Rights, Duties and Political Agency

Citizenship has been a hot topic of debate within the green literature since the 1990s. Concepts like ecological and environmental citizenship capture the linkage between green politics and theories of citizenship. Although a significant number of contributions to the meaning of ecological/environmental citizenship have been made, their practical implications remain under-theorized. With the purpose of addressing this gap, my paper explores the conditions necessary for ecological citizenship to flourish. Two main trends are highlighted and analyzed, namely, the rights approach and the personal duty approach. I explain why I find these two tendencies problematic, and contend that a third approach is needed, one that transcends the individual. Finally, I turn to the issue of political agency. After considering the role of the state and the green state in transforming citizenship, I conclude by claiming that a civil society perspective must be introduced when thinking about the promotion of ecological citizenship.
Experiential Simulation and Environmental Psychology for Anticipating Users’ Reactions to Design Projects: An Application in Architectural Higher Education

The contribution presents an interdisciplinary approach to education developed by the authors, who belong to the field of study of urban design and environmental psychology. The presented study is part of a wider research aiming at developing a methodology for assessing, before construction, the impact on people’s well-being generated by urban design projects. The method is based on the combined use of immersive visualization and psychological survey, administered to inhabitants along the design process, for testing—and potentially re-tuning—the architectural solutions. In particular, the paper presents a case study application with a university class of architects and planners of the last year of the Master of Science. The paper outlines the general contents of the ongoing experimental research, it provides a brief theoretical framework, it describes the tools used and developed ad hoc, and it finally illustrates the case study application.
Lens power in a population-based cross-sectional sample of adults aged 40 to 64 years in the Shahroud Eye Study.

PURPOSE To report on calculated lens power in adults in relation to other ocular components of refraction, analyzed in relation to secular change in height and education. METHODS The first phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study is a cross-sectional population-based study in Iranian subjects 40 to 64 years old. Data on cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction and the ocular components of the right eyes were used for the calculation of crystalline lens power with Bennett's formula. Interactions between sex and age as independent variables were analyzed by two-way analysis of variances. RESULTS Cycloplegic refraction data and biometry were obtained from 4592 subjects, of whom 2666 (58%) were women. The mean lens power showed a biphasic trend. Up to the age of 50, younger subjects had lower lens power than older subjects, but after the age of 50, older subjects had lower lens power. A secular trend in height was found, with younger subjects significantly taller than older ones. Taller men or women had longer eyes, with flatter corneas and less powerful lenses, independent of refractive error. In multiple regression models, corneal power (P < 0.001), axial length (P < 0.001), and lens power (P < 0.001) were all associated with height, independent of age and sex. CONCLUSIONS There was an unexpected biphasic pattern of the distribution of lens power with age in this cross-sectional study. Younger subjects were taller, and despite having longer axial lengths, their bigger eyes were still predominantly emmetropic. The greater axial lengths were counterbalanced by both lower corneal and lower lens powers.
Drug screening of Bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives on Trypanosoma brucei

III Resumo . V Abbreviations . VII Table of contents . X Introduction . 1 1. Neglected tropical diseases – Human African trypanosomiasis . 1 2. African trypanosomiasis . 2 2.1. Disease vector . 2 2.1. 1. Trypanosoma brucei taxonomy . 2 2.1. 2. Trypanosomes cell architecture . 3 2.1. 3. Life cycle and stages of infection . 4 2.2. Global distribution and impact . 6 2.3. HAT disease symptoms and current chemotherapies . 9 3. Bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivative compounds . 12 4. Drug delivery systems.15 4.1. HAT and nanoparticles as drug delivery systems.15 4.2. Characteristics and applications of polyethylene glycol – coated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles . 16 Aims . 18 Materials and Methods . 19 1. Chemical reagents . 19 2. Parasite and cell cultures . 19 2.1. Trypanosome culture . 19 2.2. Mammalian cell culture . 19 3. Testing compounds . 20 XI 4. Evaluation of trypanosomes growth . 21 5. Optimization of a 96-well plate assay for T.brucei drug screening . 22 5.1. Linearity of the resazurin-based cell viability assay . 22 5.2. Linearity of the MTT viability assay . 22 6. Evaluation of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) tolerance . 22 7. Screening of a small-library of BNIP derivative compounds . 23 7.1. Toxicity against Trypanosoma brucei . 23 7.2. Toxicity against mouse fibroblast cells . 24 8. Time-kill assay . 24 9. Examination of reversibility of trypanocidal effects . 25 10. Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of the most potent compound in vitro . 25 11. Identification of protein targets of the most potent compound in vitro . 26 11.1. Preparation of protein lysates from T. brucei . 26 11.2. Compound immobilization, extract binding to the immobilized compound and recovery . 26 11.3. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) . 27 11.4. Silver staining and sample preparation for mass spectrometry . 27 11.5. Protein identification by database search . 27 12. Polymeric nanoparticles . 28 12.1. Preparation of unloaded and loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) – coated poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles . 28 12.2. Nanoparticle characterization.28 12.2.1. Size, polydispersity index and zeta potential . 28 12.2.2. Encapsulation efficiency . 29 12.2.3. Toxicity against Trypanosoma brucei . 29 Results . 30 1. Trypanosome culture growth.30 2. Linearity of the cell viability assays (resazurin and MTT) . 30 3. DMSO tolerance of T. b. brucei culture . 32
A Comparison Of Leadership Styles And Gender Role Internalization Among Female Managers In The United States

The current research study examined the relationship between gender role internalization andtransformational and transactional leadership style in female managers. This researcher intended todiscover whether the internalization of messages that society presents about female behaviorcorrelates with the adoption of transformational leadership by women in management positions.Specifically, the researcher wanted to find out whether there was a higher level of gender roleinternalization among female transformational leaders than in female transactional leaders.
Analysis of Price Forecasting and Spatial Co-Integration of Banana in Bangladesh

The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it’s due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these problems. Key word s: ARIMA model, Engle Granger co-integration, Price forecasting, Market integration, Banana.
Pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorders in the Veterans Health Administration.

OBJECTIVE Acamprosate, oral and long-acting injectable naltrexone, and disulfiram are approved for treatment of alcohol dependence. Their availability and consideration of their use in treatment are now standards of high-quality care. This study determined rates of medication initiation among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients. METHODS VHA pharmacy and administrative data were used to identify patients with alcohol use disorder diagnoses in fiscal years (FY) 2006 and 2007 and the proportion (nationally and by facility) who received each medication. Patient characteristics associated with receipt were also examined. RESULTS Among more than a quarter-million patients with alcohol use disorder diagnoses, the percentage receiving any of the medications increased from 2.8% in FY 2006 to 3.0% in FY 2007. Receipt of these medications was more likely among patients who received specialty addiction care, those with alcohol dependence (compared with abuse), those younger than 55 years, and females. In the patient subgroups examined, the largest proportion to receive any of the medications was 11.6%. Across 128 VHA facilities, rates of use among patients in the sample who had received past-year specialty addiction treatment ranged from 0% to 20.5%; rates ranged from 0% to 4.3% among those with no specialty treatment. Patient preferences and medical contraindications could not be determined from the data. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the need to better understand systemwide variation in use of these medications and their use as a rough proxy for availability and consideration of pharmacotherapy--a standard of care with strong organizational support.
Non-linear Seismic Wave Motion in Elastodynamics with Application to Real-Time Expert Seismology

"Non-linear Real-Time Expert Seismology" is an innovative and groundbreaking theory by using a non-linear 3-D elastic waves real - time expert system, for the exploration of the on-shore and offshore oil and gas reserves all over the world. This very modern technology is working by using elastic (seismic) waves moving in an unbounded subsurface medium, for searching the on-shore and off-shore petroleum and gas reserves developed on the continental crust and in deeper water ranging from 300 to 3000 m, or even deeper. Such novel technology can be used at any depth of seas and oceans all over the world and for any depth in the subsurface of existing hydrocarbon reserves. Beyond the above, several mechanical properties of rock regulating the wave propagation phenomenon appear as spatially varying coefficients in a system of time-dependent hyperbolic partial differential equations. The wave equation describes the propagation of the seismic waves through the earth subsurface and this equation is finally reduced to a Helmholz differential equation. Then the Helmholtz differential equation is numerically solved by using the Singular Integral Operators Method (S.I.O.M.). Furthermore, several properties are analyzed and investigated for the wave equation. An application is finally proposed for the determination of the seismic field radiated from a pulsating sphere into an infinite homogeneous medium. Thus, by using the S.I. O.M. , then the acoustic pressure radiated from the above pulsating sphere is determined.