Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relevance of financial frictions in V4 countries from the DSGE perspective

In this paper, the importance of the financial frictions in the countries of the Visegrad Group is compared using a set of estimated DSGE models with a financial accelerator. The results of the Bayesian estimation confirm the overall similarity of the V4 economies, with some notable differences. The estimates of the financial friction parameters are very similar across the V4 economies, which may be explained by the fact that most commercial banks operating in these economies are subsidiaries of large international groups, which treat the V4 markets in similar ways. According to the historical shock decomposition, the importance of the net worth shock for the development of real output is comparable to that of the domestic productivity shock or the total of foreign shocks. In the case of the inflation rate, the importance of the net worth shock is comparable to the sum of the foreign shocks. Since the net worth shock directly affects the development of the interest rate spread between the policy interest rate and the client interest rates, the financial frictions can have important implications for the monetary policy. Thus, the monetary authority should take into account the factors that can affect the development of the interest rate spread in the economy and potentially reduce the efficiency of the monetary transmission.
New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1 producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in childhood diarrhoea from the Andaman Islands, India

Introduction: Carbapenems have long been the dependable last line of treatment for multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria. Case presentation: We report here two cases of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli harbouring the New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1) in childhood diarrhoea. Two paediatric patients aged 1.5 and 5 years were admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The patients both had symptoms of fever, fatigue and anorexia. A molecular assay confirmed the presence of NDM‐1 in both the isolates. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of NDM‐1‐producing enterotoxigenic E. coli in paediatric patients suffering from acute diarrhoea in the Andaman Islands and worldwide. Rapid molecular characterization of NDM‐1 of Enterobacteriaceae isolates needs to be undertaken in the future, especially when encountered with carbapenem resistance with conventional challenging, to tackle this public health problem.
A Qualitative Examination of Success Factors for Tenure-Track Women Faculty in Postsecondary Agricultural Education.

With the growing need for agricultural institutions to provide solutions to global concerns, environmental issues, food security and sustainable agriculture, competent individuals are needed to lead in excellence and innovation. The role of gender in determining success in the workplace has been studied from many perspectives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to document success strategies of women agricultural education faculty in postsecondary education, synthesize these strategies into meaningful and useful suggestions, and review these strategies using the framework of the Theory of Work Adjustment. Data analysis involving a seven step process allowed confirmation of meaning and ensured that all concepts presented were included and accurately represented. The synthesized summary of success factors resulted in three cross-cutting areas: change is inevitable, reflect and prepare, and time management. The remaining concepts were grouped into four primary categories: (a) workplace awareness and expectations, (b) proactive strategies to facilitate success, (c) internal actions, and (d) external actions. Each of these four categories was further divided into context groupings that included: foundation, individual, cooperation, and balance. The findings of this qualitative study are not generalizable, but results can be transferrable and have utility in our field.
Magnetization enumerator for LDPC codes - a statistical physics approach

We propose a method based on the magnetization enumerator to determine the critical noise level for Gallager type low density parity check error correcting codes (LDPC). Our method provides an appealingly simple interpretation to the relation between different decoding schemes, and provides more optimistic critical noise levels than those reported in the information theory literature.
THE SECURITY OF ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE IN XML TECHNOLOGY FOR E-BUSINESS

The XML is rapidly becoming one of the most important data formats of the electronic data exchange, process intercommunication in ways not possible before. An example of such data are the electronic business documents round via Internet between partners of B2B business model. There is no doubt that the security of exchanged data is one of the most relevant task to be done. In this article the authors will present some of XML security aspects, point to electronic business data exchange.
Mechanism of groundwater inrush hazard caused by solution mining in multilayer rock salt mine area: a case study in Tongbai County, China

The solution mining of salt mineral resources may contaminate groundwater and lead to water inrush out of the ground due to brine leakage. Taking a serious groundwater inrush hazard in a large salt mining area with three different types of ore beds which are trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na 2 CO 3 · NaHCO 3 · 2H 2 O, is a non-marine evaporite mineral), glauber (sodium sulfate, is the inorganic compound with formula Na 2 SO 4 as well as several related hydrates) and gypsum (a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O) in Tongbai County of China as an example, this paper mainly aims to analyse the source and channel of the inrush water. Based on the understanding of geological and hydrogeological conditions, the study obtained hydrochemical data of groundwater at different points and depths first; and then analysed the pollution source and pollutant component from single or mixed brines by both physical-chemical reaction principle analysis and hydrogeochemistry simulation method; finally possible leakage brine conducting channel to the ground had been discussed from both geological and artificial aspects. The results reveal that the brine from the trona mine is the major pollution source; the fissure zone in NW–SE direction controlled by the geological structure provides the main channels for the leakage brine to flow into the aquifer around the water inrush regions, and a large number of waste gypsum exploration boreholes are the channels that supply the polluted groundwater inrush out of the ground. The research can offer a valuable reference for avoiding and assessing groundwater inrush hazard in similar rock salt mining area, which is advantageous for both groundwater quality protection and resident health.
Expressive Cartography, Boundary Objects and the Aesthetics of Public Visualization

Aesthetic visualization projects that incorporate users, community stakeholders, multiple modalities and technologies emphasize the way that an artistic visualization can be both an artifact and a process—a conceptualization of aesthetic visualization that is useful for thinking about visualization in general. In this article, the authors propose the concept of the visualization as boundary object, a move away from the indexical claims of visualization and instead toward an acknowledgment of the entangled nature of social, political, economic, cultural, technological and environmental actants. Through a description of the In the Air, Tonight public visualization project, the authors suggest that by making manifest the connections between these actants, a visualization project, as a form of expressive cartography, can contribute to the visibility of and engagement with important issues (e.g. homelessness) that affect society.
Eye tracking technology in sports-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: The development of objective quantitative tools for the assessment and monitoring of sports-related concussion is critical. Eye tracking is a novel tool that may provide suitable metrics. The aim of this review was to appraise current evidence for the use of eye tracking technology in sports-related concussion assessment and monitoring. Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was run using Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic and PubMed for literature published between January 1980 and May 2018. Included were empirical research studies in English where at least 50% of the research participants were athletes, the participants were individuals with a diagnosis of concussion, and eye movements were measured using an eye tracking device. Main results: This systematic review integrates 21 publications on sports-related concussion and eye tracking technology, nine of which also qualified for the meta-analysis. Overall, the literature reported significant findings for variables in each of the four classes of eye tracking measurements (movement, position, count, and latency). Meta-comparison was made for seven variables for the acute concussions (the difference between the concussed and the control groups was significant for all of them) and one variable for the latent concussions (the difference was not significant). Significance: Most saccadic and pursuit deficits may be missed during clinical examination, and therefore eye tracking technology may be a useful and sensitive screening and monitoring tool for sports-related concussions. The inconsistencies between the eye movement metrics and methodology still make inferences challenging; however, using tasks that are closely related to brain areas involved in executive functions (such as memory-based saccade or antisaccade tasks) in the acute injury phase holds promise in differentiating between athletes who have a concussion compared to those who do not.
A New Feature Points Reconstruction Method in Spacecraft Vision Navigation

The important applications of monocular vision navigation in aerospace are spacecraft ground calibration tests and spacecraft relative navigation. Regardless of the attitude calibration for ground turntable or the relative navigation between two spacecraft, it usually requires four noncollinear feature points to achieve attitude estimation. In this paper, a vision navigation system based on the least feature points is designed to deal with fault or unidentifiable feature points. An iterative algorithm based on the feature point reconstruction is proposed for the system. Simulation results show that the attitude calculation of the designed vision navigation system could converge quickly, which improves the robustness of the vision navigation of spacecraft.
The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment from Thailand and Export on the Economic Growth of Laos

This study examines the relationship between Laos’s GDP, Thailand’s direct investment to Laos and Laos’s export to Thailand by using 44 quarters of data from 2005 Q1 to 2015 Q4. All relationships were studied using the vector error correction model (VECM). The results presented long run relationship from Laos’ GDP and Laos’ export to Thailand as well as from Thailand’s direct investment to Laos’s GDP and Laos’s export to Thailand. In the short run, there was only unidirectional relationship from Laos’s GDP to Laos’s exports to Thailand. This study indicates that Laos’s exporters receive benefits from Thailand’s direct investment contribution to accelerate economic growth in the short term. Therefore, Laos’s government should distribute income from the exporters to other economy sectors or spread the types of export goods into a larger range.
The Application of Eigenvectors for the Construction of Minimum-Energy Wavelet Frames Based on FMRA

In 1974, J. Morlet raised the concept of wavelet transform and established the inversion formula through the experience of physical intuition and signal processing. In 1986, Y. Meryer created a real small wave base, and the wavelet analysis began to flourish after a multi scale analysis of the same method of constructing the small wave base with S. Mallat. In order to analyze and deal with non-stationary signals, a series of new signal analysis theories are proposed. : Short Time Fourier Transform, time-frequency analysis, wavelet transform, and fractional Fourier transform and so on. In this paper, an explicit algorithm is given to construct the minimum-energy frames based on frame multiresolution analysis via characteristic vectors of the mask matrix. In section 2, we show the structure of minimum-energy wavelet frames in terms of their masks (Lemma 1) and discuss that we should eliminate the correlation of the rows of the mask matrix by the polyphase decomposition technique. Based on FMRA, an explicit algorithm is given to construct this frames. By this method, all the minimum-energy wavelet frames can be obtained. As an application, several examples are showed to explain this method in section 3. This method can also be applied in other fields of wavelet analysis.
Effect of ageing method, ageing period, cooking method and sample thickness on beef textural characteristics

The effect of the ageing method (bone-in or boneless), ageing period (7 or 14 days), cooking method (grilling or water bath preparation) and sample thickness (1, 2 or 4 cm) on the meat texture characteristics of the longissimus thoracis muscle of six young, commercial bulls was measured using a texture analyser incorporating compression and Warner-Bratzler devices. The sarcomere length of the raw meat and cooking losses were also recorded. The ageing method and ageing period had more influence on the textural properties studied than either the cooking method or sample thickness. Cooking losses were, however, mainly influenced by the cooking method. Although the cooking method had no significant effect on meat toughness, the meat tended to be tougher when grilled than when prepared in a water bath. Meat tenderness mainly improved during the first week of storage.
High Throughput via Cross-Layer Interference Alignment for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract : Recent investigations into the fundamental limits of mobile ad hoc networks have produced a physical layer method for approaching their capacity. This strategy, known as interference alignment, requires cooperation, rather than competition, among the transceivers in the network. Under ideal circumstances, every user can achieve reliable communication at rates approaching one half of the interference-free capacity. Unfortunately, prior research on interference alignment makes many assumptions that make it difficult to realize interference alignment in practice. This report summarizes the PI's work on realizing interference alignment in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channels. The emphasis is on networks where clusters of users cooperate together, since this provides a good balance between network overhead and performance. One contribution was to devise a way to add new users to an existing cluster of interference aligned users. Different algorithms were devised as a function of the number of antennas in the network. Another contribution was to analyze interference alignment in a network with random clusters of users. The cases where interference alignment was preferred to other simpler communication strategies was characterized. Another contribution was to determine the impact of distributing the antennas. It was found that distributed antennas lead to higher performance with interference alignment, and new algorithms were designed to achieve that performance. A final contribution was to prototype an interference alignment network. A distributed prototype was constructed with over-the-air synchronization and feedback, demonstrating the viability of interference alignment for small networks in practice.
Test of an adaptive hypothesis for egg speckling along an elevational gradient in a population of Mexican jays Aphelocoma ultramarina

The adaptive significance of avian egg speckling patterns has been a subject of ongoing debate. We examined speckling in a population of Mexican jays Aphelocoma ultramarina exhibiting extreme eggshell variability. We sampled 167 eggs at 55 nests from sites ranging across a steep elevation gradient within the Sierra del Carmen mountain range in Coahuila, Mexico, in order to test the recent hypothesis that egg speckling lends structural support to eggs and should therefore be more prevalent in females subject to reduced environmental calcium. Although we documented high variation in the amount and distribution of eggshell speckling within the Sierra del Carmen jays, we found no relationship between local soil calcium levels and the pattern of speckling. Our results indicate that explanations in addition to soil calcium levels are necessary to explain extreme variation in eggshell speckling in birds.
Characterization of soybean cultivars genetically improved for human consumption.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a crop of world economic importance. Conventional soybean cultivars, in general are for the oil extraction industries and its subproduct for animal feeding. However, there are some cultivars genetically modified, that present characteristics adapted for different utilizations, including human food. The objective of this work was to evaluate, three soybean cultivars, Vmax (conventional), and BR 257 and 267 (human food uses). Chemical composition was evaluated in grains with tegument (WT) and without tegument (WIT) heat treated (HT) and non-heat treated (NHT). For characterization, it was observed: humidity, proteins, lipids, minerals, nitrogen solubility index (NSI), protein dispersability index (PDI), isoflavones, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lipoxygenases. The heat treatment promoted reduction of the protein solubility, reduction of glucosidic and malonyl isoflavones, and of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, in grains WIT. Lipoxygenases were also inactivated in BRS 267 and Vmax cultivars. Potassium was the mineral present in higher amount in all cultivars. BRS 267 cultivar showed the highest content of protein, but the lowest content of isoflavones. Vmax cultivar showed the highest content of lipids and isoflavones. Heat treatments, although decreasing protein solubility, are necessary for conventional soybeans to improve flavor and to reduce anti nutritional factors. Depending on the objective of soybean utilization, different cultivars and treatments should be applied. Genetic breeding to obtain soybean cultivars with special characters is important to process high quality soybean products. 
Initial explorations in Kazakh to English statistical machine translation

English. This paper presents preliminary results of developing a statistical machine translation system from Kazakh to English. Starting with a baseline model trained on 1.3K and then on 20K aligned sentences, we tried to cope with the complex morphology of Kazakh by applying different schemes of morphological word segmentation to the training and test data. Morphological segmentation appears to benefit our system: our best segmentation scheme achieved a 28% reduction of outof-vocabulary rate and 2.7 point BLEU improvement above the baseline. Italiano. Questo articolo presenta dei risultati preliminari relativi allo sviluppo di un sistema di traduzione automatica statistica dal Kazaco all’Inglese. Partendo da un modello di base, addestrato su 1.3K e 20K coppie di frasi, proviamo a gestire la complessa morfologia del Kazaco utilizzando diversi schemi di segmentazione morfologica delle parole sui dati di addestramento e di valutazione. La segmentazione morfologica sembra apportare benefici al nostro sistema: il nostro migliore schema di segmentazione ottiene una riduzione del 28% del “Out-ofVocabulary Rate” ed un miglioramento di 2.7 punti della misura “BLEU” rispetto al sistema di base.
The Effects of Study Abroad on Second Language Identities and Language Learning

There are numerous studies on the improvement of language proficiency and adaptability to different cultures through study abroad. However, there is a paucity of research on study abroad of Japanese students per se, not to mention the fact that there are even fewer studies on identities that are formed through one’s second language use, which is called second language identity and language learning in study abroad contexts. Based on a narrative inquiry of three Japanese students who participated in three or four-week study-abroad programs, this paper examines the construction of second language identity and language learning. A narrative approach has shown to be an ideal tool for revealing the complexity of human behavior since it is human-centered, and it analyses participants’ identity construction through oral accounts of their experiences. Data was collected through one-on-one and semi-structured interviews, in which the participants were asked to describe their study abroad experience. After collecting their statements, content analysis was conducted. The findings reveal that all participants constructed their second language identities. They become active in learning and using English by the interaction with local people and through self-enlightenment that was generated by finding a person they admire, and this impact has lasted well since they returned home. Moreover, the study shows that when there are no inequitable relations of power in social interaction, language learners can favorably construct their second language identities that they want to project. As a result, they become aware of linguistic analysis or pragmatics at the same time
Ultrahigh field imaging of myelin disease models: Toward specific markers of myelin integrity?

Specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of myelin are critical for the evaluation and development of regenerative therapies for demyelinating diseases. Several MRI methods have been developed for myelin imaging, based either on acquisition schemes or on mathematical modeling of the signal. They generally showed good sensitivity but validation for specificity toward myelin is still warranted to allow a reliable interpretation in an in vivo complex pathological environment. Experimental models of dys−/demyelination are characterized by various levels of myelin disorders, axonal damage, gliosis and inflammation, and offer the opportunity for powerful correlative studies between imaging metrics and histology. Here, we review how ultrahigh field MRI markers have been correlated with histology in these models and provide insights into the trends for future developments of MRI tools in human myelin diseases. To this end, we present the biophysical basis of the main MRI methods for myelin imaging based on T1, T2, water diffusion, and magnetization transfer signal, the characteristics of animal models used and the outcomes of histological validations. To date such studies are limited, and demonstrate partial correlations with immunohistochemical and electron microscopy measures of myelin. These MRI metrics also often correlate with axons, glial, or inflammatory cells in models where axonal degeneration or inflammation occur as potential confounding factors. Therefore, the MRI markers' specificity for myelin is still perfectible and future developments should improve mathematical modeling of the MR signal based on more complex systems or provide multimodal approaches to better disentangle the biological processes underlying the MRI metrics.