Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking Geomorphic Process Dominance and the Persistence of Local Elevation

The response of eroding topography to changes in base level is driven by patchy and intermittent mass flux, both on hillslopes and in channels. However, most models of soil‐mantled landscape evolution use continuously differentiable equations that average over these patchy transport processes. Because of the limited time and space resolution of field observations, the relationship between zeroth‐order landscape evolution (i.e., over long space and time scales) and first‐order fluctuations due to patchy, intermittent transport (e.g., tree throw and landsliding) remains unclear. Here, we use five physical experiments of an eroding experimental landscape to examine how the signature of first‐order transport, as described by autocorrelation functions of local elevation time series, varies as a function of the vigor of hillslope transport relative to channel incision. Our results show that experiments with higher hillslope transport efficacy have higher autocorrelation coefficients, suggesting that differences in zeroth‐order transport coefficients may be driven by differences in patchy, first‐order transport processes. These higher autocorrelation coefficients also imply that in landscapes where hillslope transport dominates, landscape dynamism is reduced and patterns of elevation change are more persistent over time. These findings suggest that the balance between channelized and hillslope transport processes is fundamental to landscape response to perturbation and may control landscape susceptibility to unsteady processes like large‐scale reorganization.
Investigation of the Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities of Candida Parapsilosis Isolated From Milk Samples of Bovine Mastitis by API ZYM and Molecular Method

Two hundred and fifty milk samples were collected from cows suffering from mastitis, these samples were tested for mycotic mastitis using culture and conventional PCR method. The results showed 116 isolates of Candida spp. were recovered with a prevalence of (46.4%),hence C. parapsilosis was the dominating species 15/116 (12.9%). Fifteen isolates (100%) belong C.parapsilosis was confirmed by PCR using a species specific primer for the 18S rRNA gene. Some randomly chose isolates of C. parapsilosis were used for detection of their hydrolytic enzymatic activity by API ZYM test and PCR. The method used to evaluate their enzymatic activity was API ZYM (BioMerieux). The highest activity was observed for leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and ? -glucosidase as 10/10 (100%) for each, followed by esterase lipase (C8) 9/10 (90%), valine arylamidase and alkaline phosphatase 8/10 (80%) for both and esterase (C4) 7/10 (70%). Conventional PCR was done for partial amplification of sterol esterase, alkaline phosphates and alpha-glucosidase genes by specific primer sequences, The results of the PCR amplification of these genes was 8/10 (80%) for sterol esterase gene. Concerning the alkaline phosphatase gene, it was present in 10/10 (100%). Regarding alpha-glucosidase gene was present in 10/10 (100%). This work aims at evaluating enzymatic activities of C. parapsilosis isolated from cow’s milk with mastitis.
Risk Reduction of Occupation Diseases by Optimization of Schedule of Work and Rest on Example of Workers of Electrolytic Production

The article considers the actual question of risk estimation of non-evident professional diseases. On the basis of the conducted assessment of the acting schedule of the work of a pot operator of molten salts of one of the departments of the Urals aluminum smelter and determined unaccounted peculiarities of daily dynamics of the behavior of biological processes in the human organism while work scheduling, the authors have developed rational shift schedule, in which the time of a worker’s night shift is maximally cut. The proposed schedule is aimed at preventing accidents and decreasing the risk of occupation diseases of employees. The provided material has a great practical significance as the main principle of the management system of professional risks is health maintenance in the process of production activity.
Simulation of the self-similar least-action walk model

ABSTRACT Simulation of ad hoc networks requires the use of a realistic human mobility model to give credibility to computer-based performance evaluations. To this end, a number of models have appeared in the literature from which the self-similar least-action walk model (SLAW) stands out as an approach mainly intended to incorporate several statistical properties of human motion. Although it is generally accepted that this model is able to produce realistic traces, so far not enough attention has been given towards creating an implementation with an upfront clear design that is also reliable and computationally efficient. This paper addresses these issues by presenting the design, implementation, and validation of a SLAW simulator. This simulator follows the discrete-event simulation paradigm for generation of mobility traces and is flexible enough for incorporating future walker models. This simulator can be used, among other purposes, to perform computer-based studies of networking technologies where human mobility plays a major role.
Determinants of Dollarization of Savings in the Turkish Economy

This study aims to analyze the nature of the dollarization that takes place in the Turkish economy and to decompose the factors that have contributed to its increase in recent years. With this purpose, we first identify the events that have significantly affected the dollarization trend in Turkey using the Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) and Markov Switching Dynamic Regression (MS-Dynamic) structural break models. Then, we proceed to analyze the relationship between the percentage of Forex deposits of the residents over total deposits of the residents and the TRY/USD exchange rate using the Johansen cointegration test. USD, EUR, and TRY interest rates are also added to the model as independent variables to account for the effects of the difference between exchange rates. Long-term and short-term effects are tested with the Vector Error Correction Model, and causality is tested using the Granger causality test. The results of the study indicate that speculative trading is not the cause of the dollarization of deposits in Turkey. Additionally, results suggest that the political events have a stronger influence over dollarization compared to economic events. Collectively, our findings suggest that domestic citizens dollarize their deposits with the motivation to protect against political ambiguity rather than economic volatility. The results of the study are in line with the literature in the sense that they support the claim that dollarization can be averted in the short run with an increase in interest rates.
Trends in the use of tissue culture, applications and future aspects

Plant tissue culture has developed widely incorporated into biotechnology, the agricultural systems being a key factor to support many pharmaceutical and industrial outcomes. Since 1902 there is vast progress in plant culture and its application has emerged having great diversity in the science filed. Due to development and desire to grow on high scale production in the past few decades, tissue culture techniques were manipulated for improvement of plant growth, biological activities, transformation, and secondary metabolites production. A significant advance in techniques has been sought to deal with problems of low concentrations of secondary metabolites in whole plants. The augmented use of plant culture is due to a superior perceptive of plant oriented compounds and secondary metabolites from economically important plants. Due to development in modern techniques, several particular protocols have been developed for the production of a wide array of secondary metabolites of plants on a commercial scale. Plant tissue culture has to lead to significant contributions in recent times and today they constitute an indispensable tool in the advancement of agricultural sciences and modern agriculture. This review would enable us to have an analysis of plant tissue culture development for agriculture, human health and wellbeing in general.
Chinese parents’ perceptions and practices of EFL technology usage with young children

Despite a large body of literature on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), studies on young children’s usage of media technology in China are still scant. This paper characterises the variations in Chinese parental acceptance and intent to continue related to their children’s use of web-based English as a Foreign Language (EFL) technologies. A sample of 20 parents from an inland city in China participated in individual interviews and reported factors affecting their acceptance and preferences. Thematic analysis reveals that parents’ beliefs about EFL affect the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of EFL technologies. The study has also found that Chinese parents are now attaching more importance to children’s emotional and social skills development.
Effects of acrylonitrile content on thermal characteristics and thermal aging properties of carbon black-filled NBR composite

In seal applications, thermal characteristics and thermal aging properties of rubber are essential factors in determining the applicable temperature range and lifetime of the seal. In this study, thermal characteristics and thermal aging properties of the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composite in response to the acrylonitrile (ACN) content were investigated. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature (T g), and dynamic property were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The results showed that T g, thermal decomposition temperature, and tan δ were increased as the ACN content increased. To investigate the thermal aging properties of the composite, the composite was subjected to an accelerated thermal-oxidative and thermal aging process at 100°C for 168 h. The aged composites were evaluated by investigating the change in cross-link density, mechanical properties, and elastic recovery. The change in the chemical functional group was also studied using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that subjecting the composite to thermal-oxidative and thermal aging process decreased the elongation at break and elastic recovery, while the cross-link density, Shore A hardness, and 100% modulus were increased. All of the properties were also dependent on the ACN content as well as the aging conditions.
From university-to-work: an in-depth exploration into the transition journey of graduates with sensory disabilities in Ghana

Abstract The importance of planned and supported transition processes for persons with impairments to move from one education institution to another, or from education to employment, cannot be overemphasised. In the Ghanaian context, while some attention has been given to the experiences of individuals with disabilities and their participation in universities, less attention has been paid to their transition journey to work. In this study, 27 persons with hearing and visual impairments were recruited to delve into their experiences. A semi-structured interview guide was developed and data were collected via face-to-face, virtual and telephone interviews, as well as focus group discussions. The results showed a lack of transition programmes for persons with sensory impairments who participated in the study. Also, participants were reluctant to disclose their impairments status when applying for employment. The study limitations, recommendations for future research and policy implications are discussed in detail. Points of interest Graduates with visual and hearing impairment have unique modes of communication. Effective transition from university to work will facilitate efforts towards promoting the acceptance and independence of graduates with hearing and visual impairments in society. While universities offer opportunities for the participation of all students, there seems to be a lack of transition programmes – from university to work – for graduates who participated in this study. Participants withheld information about their impairment when applying for jobs in order to ‘pass as normal‘ and avoid negative discrimination towards them. There is discussion of the need for participants to accept their physical impairments and to intensify their advocacy to preserve and promote the realisation of their right to work.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

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Eddies Affect Subsurface Phytoplankton and Oxygen Distributions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is an oligotrophic environment where a number of mesoscale eddies occur. With continuous measurements from Biogeochemical‐Argo (BGC‐Argo) floats, we showed that mesoscale eddies can significantly affect the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) and subsurface biogenic particles. Different responses of the SCM to the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies and those between the eddy core and edge region were revealed by combining the results from tracked eddies. The variations in the SCM and subsurface particles were further shown to be statistically linked with changes in the dissolved oxygen in the upper oxygen minimum layer. Such an eddy‐induced oxygen change in the central gyre is unresolved in global‐scale coupled models but can contribute to the oxygen variability in oligotrophic environments.
Optimal processing for seismic noise correlations

A wide spectrum of processing schemes is commonly applied during the calculation of seismic noise correlations. This is intended to suppress large-amplitude transient and monochromatic signals, to accelerate convergence of the correlation process or to modify raw correlations into more plausible approximations of interstation Green’s functions. Many processing schemes, such as one-bit normalization or various other nonlinear normalizations, clearly break the linear physics of seismic wave propagation. This naturally raises the question: To what extent are the resulting noise correlations physically meaningful quantities? In this contribution, we demonstrate that commonly applied processing methods may indeed introduce an unphysical component into noise correlations. This affects not only noise correlation amplitudes but also, to a lesser extent, time-dependent phase information. The profound consequences are that most processed correlations cannot be entirely explained by any combination of Earth structure and noise sources, and that inversion results may thus be polluted. The positive component of our analysis is a new and easily applicable method that allows us to modify any existing processing such that it becomes optimal in the sense of (1) completely avoiding the unphysical component while (2) approximating the result of the original processing as closely as possible. The resulting optimal schemes can be derived purely on the basis of observed noise, without any knowledge of or assumptions on the nature of noise sources. In addition to the theoretical analysis, we present illustrative real-data examples from the Irish National Seismic Network and the Lost Hills array in Central California. We anticipate that optimal processing schemes may be most useful in applications that exploit complete correlation waveforms, amplitudes and weak arrivals, or small (time-dependent) phase shifts.
Stereo Matching with Multi‐scale Based on Anisotropic Match Cost

Binocular vision is a popular method for 3d measurement, but the precision and efficiency is still a limitation. In order to solve the problem of low precision and high mismatching rate of current stereo match methods in weak texture region, a local stereo matching algorithm with multi‐scale based on anisotropic match cost was proposed. Not only including the gray value between the adjacent pixels as the absolute difference (AD) method, the matching cost function also involved gradient and phase information to make an anisotropic evaluation and eliminate the outliers of the flat area. Meanwhile, a multi‐scale strategy with the image pyramid was referenced, and the dynamic disparity search range of variable window was used on the original cost aggregation framework by improving the stereo matching algorithm of cross‐scale cost aggregation. The matching cost volume in each scale space used the dynamic support window to guide the filter to aggregate the matching cost. Finally, to overcome the problems of disparity selection ambiguity of WTA (winner‐take‐all) strategy and the horizontal fringe introduced by left‐right consistency (LRC) detection, the weighted median filter based on guided filter weight was used to carry out disparity refinement. According to the experiments, the method got more high matching accuracy, and the average error on the Middlebury test platform reached 5.25%.
Experimental Analysis of the Quality of Needle-Assisted Fenestration in Aortic Stent-Grafts and the Differences Between Gradual and Rapid Balloon Dilation

Purpose: To report the findings of an in vitro experiment to evaluate the quality of needle fenestrations dilated by different size balloons in various stent-grafts and to investigate the differences between gradual and rapid dilation. Materials and Methods: Fenestrations were made using an 18-G needle in 5 different polyester or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) stent-grafts: Relay, Valiant, Hercules, TAG, and Ankura. Each stent-graft received 2 groups of fenestrations: one was followed by gradual sequential dilation (4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-mm balloons) and the other by rapid dilation (4- and 10-mm balloons). The pressure was increased to 10 atmospheres or until the balloon was fully inflated with no waist. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations, including fenestration diameter, area, shape, and margins were conducted using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Relay had the strongest resistance to dilation and Ankura the slightest. The maximum length and area of holes expanded as the balloon diameter increased. The fenestrations in polyester devices were mostly elliptical or slit-like, with limited tears but extensive fibers visible in the margin, while ePTFE stent-grafts showed larger fenestration areas with clearer margins. Ankura showed the best quality of fenestrations, which were always circular or square without fabric tears, while the holes in the TAG were square or elliptical but sometimes had a slit after large balloon dilation (≥6 mm). The Relay, Valiant, Hercules, and Ankura devices showed no difference in maximum diameter, fenestration area, or scores of shape and margin (p>0.05). Rapid dilation in the TAG increased the rate of uncontrolled fabric tear, resulting in a larger final diameter (12.90 vs 10.82 mm, p=0.047), smaller area (30.46 vs 41.09 mm2, p=0.028), worse shape (0.75 vs 1.20, p=0.268), and worse margin (0.40 vs 1.00, p=0.174). Though the decreased fenestration shape and margin scores did not reach statistical significance, the trend for decline was more obvious than with the other devices. Conclusion: Materials and structures of the stent-grafts determine the quality of fenestrations dilated by different size balloons. The use of sequential vs rapid balloon dilation is also crucial for fashioning high-quality fenestrations and should be selected judiciously.
Catalytic Micro/Nanomotors: Propulsion Mechanisms, Fabrication, Control, and Applications

Micro-/nanomotors are self-propelled micro-/nanomachines, which are capable of converting the surrounding fuels into mechanical movement or force. Inspired by naturally occurring biomolecular motor proteins, scientists extensively paid great attentions to synthetic micro-/nanomotors. Especially, a number of researchers devoted their efforts onto catalytic micro-/nanomotors. In the past few decades, several advanced developments and excellent contributions have been made in catalytic micro-/nanomotors. The future of this research field can be bright, but some major existing challenges such as biocompatible materials and fuels, smart controlling, and specifically practical applications are still required to be resolved. Therefore, it is essential for us to learn the state of the art of catalytic micro-/nanomotors. In this chapter, the propulsion mechanisms, fabrication methods, controlling strategies, and potential applications of catalytic micro-/nanomotors are presented and summarized.
A New Control Strategy for Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filters Based on FIR Prediction

In this article, a new discrete-time control strategy for three-phase three-wire shunt active power filters (APFs) is presented, based on a mathematical model in the stationary reference frame. It involves a feedback-linearization-type approach to control the filter currents, whereby the voltage control loop is decoupled from the current control. The voltage control loop is for controlling the dc-side voltage of the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter, and employs a proportional–integral (PI) controller to generate the reference amplitude for the compensated grid currents. An important feature of the proposed control strategy is the compensation of the one-sampling-period delay caused by microcontroller computation using a finite impulse response (FIR) predictor. This predictor is designed to accomplish one-step-ahead prediction of the control variable, which is the PWM converter's switching function space vector. Furthermore, the FIR predictor is optimized so that the low-order harmonics in the control variable are predicted with minimal error. The proposed control strategy is analyzed to obtain the steady-state filter current error and ranges for the PI controller gains for stability. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed shunt APF.
Sustainable Innovations in Small Enterprises for the Transformation of the Primary Healthcare Sector

Small enterprises face multiple and complex challenges when developing digital technologies. The aim of this article is to explore the role of sustainable innovation in small enterprises in relation to the ongoing transformation of the primary healthcare sector. The purpose is to gain understanding of innovation processes within the framework of sustainable development, applied to a local primary healthcare center. Data were collected through seven semi-structured interviews. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Five themes appeared in relation to the ongoing transformation of the primary healthcare sector: (1) The process of sustainable innovation in a long-term perspective; (2) the companies’ views on innovations in healthcare; (3) effects of innovations in healthcare; (4) sustainable product or service development, and (5) the role of collaboration in the innovation process. The companies expressed a positive attitude to new innovations, as a natural part of developing the companies. The article concludes that incremental development of tools in small businesses supports the transformation of processes and services in the primary healthcare sector. Cross-disciplinary teams in collaboration facilitates the necessary learning and the required creation and sharing of knowledge.