Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and genetic diversity analysis of cotton cultivars using microsatellites

Genetic diversity and the relationship between varieties are of great importance for cotton breeding. Our work was designed to estimate the informativeness of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) simple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite locus and to estimate the genetic distance between 53 cotton cultivars as well as to select a set of SSR primers able to differentiate between the 53 cotton cultivars studied. After extracting DNA from the 53 cultivars and characterized it using 31 pairs of SSR primers we obtained a total of 66 alleles with an average of 2.13 alleles per SSR locus and values of polymorphism information content (PIC) varying from 0.18 to 0.62, the dissimilarity coefficient varying from zero to 0.41. Statistical analysis using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) revealed seven subgroups which were consistent with the genealogical information available for some of the cultivars. The SSR genetic profile obtained for each of the cultivars made it possible to discriminate 52 of the 53 cultivars. This study of the genetic diversity of cotton cultivars with SSR markers support the need to introduce new alleles into the gene pool of the breeding cultivars.
Coherent response of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the last deglaciation: reconciling contrasting neodymium isotope reconstructions from the tropical Atlantic

Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) plays important roles in the global climate system and the global ocean nutrient and carbon cycles. However, it is unclear how AAIW responds to global climate changes. In particular, neodymium isotopic composition (eNd) reconstructions from different locations from the tropical Atlantic, have led to a debate on the relationship between northward penetration of AAIW into the tropical Atlantic and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability during the last deglaciation. We resolve this controversy by studying the transient oceanic evolution during the last deglaciation using a neodymium-enabled ocean model. Our results suggest a coherent response of AAIW and AMOC: when AMOC weakens, the northward penetration and transport of AAIW decreases while its depth and thickness increase. Our study highlights that as part of the return flow of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), the northward penetration of AAIW in the Atlantic is determined predominately by AMOC intensity. Moreover, the inconsistency among different tropical Atlantic eNd reconstructions is reconciled by considering their corresponding core locations and depths, which were influenced by different water masses in the past. The very radiogenic water from the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, which was previously overlooked in the interpretations of deglacial eNd variability, can be transported to shallow layers during active AMOC, and modulates eNd in the tropical Atlantic. Changes in the AAIW core depth must also be considered. Thus, interpretation of eNd reconstructions from the tropical Atlantic is more complicated than suggested in previous studies.
The Socio-Economic Impacts of Carbon Trading in Humbo Woreda , SNNPR,Ethiopia

Carbon-trading deals involving forestry projects in developing countries could reduce poverty at the same time as they offer an inexpensive way to off-set carbon dioxide emissions. Under the clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized nations are allowed to meet part of their carbon emission reduction commitments by carrying out reforestation and clean energy projects in developing countries. The use of forests to reduce emissions is not only financially viable, but could also bring significant benefits to the local communities involved. For Ethiopia, carbon trading also represents an opportunity to fund sustainable through financial inflows. However, with a low share of global carbon trade, there are strong concerns that Ethiopia is losingout this valuable opportunity. Markets for environmental services have been growing in recent years wherein more and more people are willing to pay for carbon project benefits. The study focused on the socio-economic impacts of carbon trading in Humbo district, SNNPR, Ethiopia. The analysis subsequently examined the nature and extent of community participation in the project implementation, and the carbon payment that are envisaged from the project. Quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been applied throughout the investigation. Accordingly, observation, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to gather information.
Mapping the Supply Chain Issues SMEs and Impact for Quality Products

Until now, the issue of quality of the products of SMEs (small and medium enterprises) remains the main issues as the cause of low ability to compete. This study focused into the issue of what happened with regard to the quality of products in the supply chain SME products. This study aims to describe how the culture of quality in the supply chain of SMEs and their role in contributing to the lack of SME products. The study involved 128 SMEs in the food processing industry cluster and garment industry. The research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The results showed an average internal quality culture reached 3.62661 supply included in the category enough. Of the five industry cluster, a culture of quality in the internal supply chain is the best T-shirt industry (4.3385) in both categories, while other four clusters exist in enough categories, with grades: hoods (3.661), soy crisps (3.6635), cassava chips (3.64), and the last chips fish balls (2.829). The low average internal quality culture supply mainly is in industrial processing of cassava chips and chips fish balls. One reason is the low awareness of quality. There is no technology and equipment adequate to safeguard the stability of quality. The upper most excellent quality culture occurred in the supply chain, where the product is controlled by big industry, is the industry shirts (4.018), soy crisps (3.613), and hoods (3.473), while when in the upstream industry controlled by small or SMEs, there is deterioration in the cultural values of quality: cassava chips (2.917) and chips fish balls (2.781). For downstream, 100% controlled by SMEs, there is an average value of quality culture 3.5662.
Field-aligned particle acceleration on auroral field lines by interaction with transient density cavities stimulated by kinetic Alfvén waves

We consider the field-aligned acceleration of en- ergetic ions and electrons which takes place on auroral field lines due to their interaction with time-varying density cav- ities stimulated by the strong oscillating field-aligned cur- rents of kinetic Alfvwaves. It is shown that when the field-aligned current density of these waves increases, such that the electron drift speed exceeds the electron thermal speed, ion acoustic perturbations cease to propagate along the field lines and instead form purely-growing density per- turbations. The rarefactions in these perturbations are found to grow rapidly to form density cavities, limited by the pres- sure of the bipolar electric fields which occur within them. The time scale for growth and decay of the cavities is much shorter than the period of the kinetic Alfv ´ en waves. Ener- getic particles traversing these growing and decaying cavities will be accelerated by their time-varying field-aligned elec- tric fields in a process that is modelled as a series of discrete random perturbations. The evolution of the particle distribu- tion function is thus determined by the Fokker-Planck equa- tion, with an energy diffusion coefficient that is proportional to the square of the particle charge, but is independent of the mass and energy. Steady-state solutions for the distribu- tion functions of the accelerated particles are obtained for the case of an arbitrary energetic particle population incident on a scattering layer of finite length along the field lines, show- ing how the reflected and transmitted distributions depend on the typical "random walk" energy change of the particles within the layer compared to their initial energy. When this typical energy change is large compared to the initial energy, the reflected population is broadly spread in energy about a mean which is comparable with the initial energy, while the transmitted population has the form of a strongly acceler- ated field-aligned beam. We suggest that these processes are responsible for the occurrence of accelerated field-aligned
Quantifying the carbon uptake by vegetation for Europe on a 1 km 2 resolution using a remote sensing driven vegetation model

Abstract. In this study we compare monthly gross primary productivity (GPP) time series (2000–2007), computed for Europe with the Biosphere Energy Transfer Hydrology (BETHY/DLR) model with monthly data from the eddy covariance measurements network FLUXNET. BETHY/DLR with a spatial resolution of 1 km2 is designed for regional and continental applications (here Europe) and operated at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). It was adapted from the BETHY scheme to be driven by remote sensing data (leaf area index (LAI) and land cover information) and meteorology. Time series of LAI obtained from the CYCLOPES database are used to control the phenology of vegetation. Meteorological time series from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are used as driver. These comprise daily information on temperature, precipitation, wind speed and radiation. Additionally, static maps such as land cover, elevation, and soil type are used. To validate our model results we used eddy covariance measurements from the FLUXNET network of 74 towers across Europe. For forest sites we found that our model predicts between 20 and 40% higher annual GPP sums. In contrast, for cropland sites BETHY/DLR results show about 18% less GPP than eddy covariance measurements. For grassland sites, between 10% more and 16% less GPP was calculated with BETHY/DLR. A mean total carbon uptake of 2.5 PgC a−1 (±0.17 PgC a−1) was found for Europe. In addition, this study reports on risks that arise from the comparison of modelled data to FLUXNET measurements and their interpretation width. Furthermore we investigate reasons for uncertainties in model results and focus here on Vmax values, and finally embed our results into a broader context of model validation studies published during the last years in order to evaluate differences or similarities in analysed error sources.
Induction of Resistance with Benzothiadiazole in Sunflower: a Comparison of Biotrophic vs. Necrotrophic Pathosystems

In the present work we aimed at comparing the effect of benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatment on defence reactions of sunflower plants to downy mildew and white rot diseases. BTH treatment resulted in reduced disease symptoms in biotrophic and in the early stage of the necrotrophic interactions. To get a better insight into the effect of BTH, changes in the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzymes, as well as the expression of the host response-associated sunflower genes were examined in the plants. Inoculation with Plasmopara halstedii enhanced the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities, while inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum did it only at 4 dpi. However, most importantly, in each case extracts from BTH pretreated and inoculated plants showed the highest polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities. Similarly, the accumulation of GST and PDF transcripts was detected following inoculations with both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, and again, BTH pre-treatment.
Friction Coefficient’s Numerical Determination for Hot Flat Steel Rolling at Low Strain Rate

In this paper, a non-linear quadratic expression of the coefficient of friction at both entry and exit sides have been derived from the equations of rolling load in Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s program (HRBF). The study developed a numerical model for the estimation of coefficient of friction for steel (HC SS316) of different thicknesses on two high reversing mills. The equations for coefficient of friction on entry and exist sides of the mills were modelled from Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s program (HRBF). The equations were modelled such that the friction coefficient can be expressed as a function of process parameters measurable during rolling. The capability of the model was verified by using a number of specimens of HC SS316 with predetermined hot rolling experimental data. A good agreement was noted between the predicted friction coefficient and the measured one.
Unified situation modeling and understanding using hierarchical graphical Model

Situation modeling and understanding is a challenging task due to the scene complexity. In this work we use the extended Joint Directors of Laboratories model for sensor data fusion to solve this challenging task. We propose a non-directed graphical model to represent the global and local contextual dependencies (spatial, temporal, and semantic) between the objects (pedestrians, vehicles, and lanes) and the scene. We develop an inference algorithm to estimate the probability density function at each node of the graph in a bottom up top down approach using non-parametric belief propagation (NBP) scheme. The inferred objects are contextually consistent with respect to others objects and the scene.
GRAVITATIONAL TORQUE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (GTDS): A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY - PART 1

Introduction: The firm interdependency of metabolism and movement can be conceptualized and abbreviated as Metabolic Operations Vitalize Existence and MOVE, respectively. The foremost challenge on the Earth is to keep the metabolic systems healthy enough to support various types of body movements normally performed against gravitational force. Sedentary life style and disabling medical disorders almost completely excludes or very restrictedly includes only selective full range of movements against gravity that causes tremendous weakening of neuromuscular coordination and anti-gravitational torque potential resulting in diminished exercise tolerance, inflexibility, postural deviations, disrupted homeostasis, agonizing illnesses and reduced life span. It is important to research and explain the deep relationship between anthropometry, physical efficiency and health status for refining the paradigms of health education and clinical practice.
Quantum Gravity Effect on the Tunneling Particles from 2+1 dimensional New-type Black Hole

We investigate the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) effect on the Hawking temperature for the 2+1 dimensional New-type black hole by using the quantum tunneling method for both the spin-1/2 Dirac and the spin-0 scalar particles. In computation of the GUP correction for the Hawking temperature of the black hole, we modified Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations. We observed that the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole depends not only on the black hole properties, but also on the graviton mass and the intrinsic properties of the tunneling particle, such as total angular momentum, energy and mass. Also, we see that the Hawking temperature was found to be probed by these particles in different manners. The modified Hawking temperature for the scalar particle seems to be lower compared to its standard Hawking temperature. Also, we find that the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole caused by Dirac particle's tunnelling rised by the total angular momentum of the particle. It is diminishable by the energy and mass of the particle and graviton mass as well. These intrinsic properties of the particle, except total angular momentum for the Dirac particle, and graviton mass may cause screening for the black hole radiation.
Zika Virus, Congenital Infection, and Neurologic Manifestations in Children: A Narrative Review

Context: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of the family Flaviviridae. This virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, usually affects children and causes self-limited diseases, associated with fever, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, arthralgia, and myalgia. There is a significant relationship between ZIKV infection and central nervous system disorders in infants. In this study, we aimed to review neurologic manifestations of ZIKV infection in infants. EvidenceAcquisition: We searched the following Mesh terms in scientific databases: “Zika virus”, “infants”, “children”, “neurologic manifestations”, and “congenital infection”. Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, and Scopus were searched from 2000 to 2016. Results: The literature review showed a probable relationship between ZIKV infection and prevalence of microcephaly in newborns. Besides microcephaly, other central nervous system abnormalities included abnormal gyral arrangement, decreased brain parenchymal volume, cortical atrophy and malformation, cerebellar hypoplasia, and delayed myelination of the brain stem. Conclusions: Vertical transmission of ZIKV in pregnant women is associated with intrauterine infection and brain malformations in the developing fetus, including microcephaly, calcification, cortical displacement, ventriculomegaly, and white-matter abnor-
Risk/Arbitrage Strategies: A New Concept for Asset/Liability Management, Optimal Fund Design and Optimal Portfolio Selection in a Dynamic, Continuous-Time Framework Part I: Securities Markets

Asset/Liability management, optimal fund design and optimal portfolio selection have been key issues of interest to the (re)insurance and investment banking communities, respectively, for some years especially in the design of advanced risk-transfer solutions for clients in the Fortune 500 group of companies. AFIR 1996 publications dealing with these topics were, e.g., Optimal Fund Design for Investors with Holding Constraints (Vol. I, p. 245), Optimal Portfolio and optimal Trading in a Dynamic Continuous Time Framework (Vol. I, p. 275), Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection under Portfolio Insurance (Vol. I, p. 347), Baseline for Exchange Rate Risks of an International Reinsurer (Vol. I., p. 395), Optimizing Investment and Contribution Policies of a Defined Benefit Pension Fund (Vol. I, p. 593), Continuous-Time Pension Fund Modelling (Vol. I, p. 609), Linear Approach for Solving Large-Scale Portfolio Optimization Problems in a Lognormal Market (Vol. II, p. 1019), Options as an Asset Class (Vol. II, p. 1413), Optioned Portfolios: The Trade-off between Expected and Guaranteed Returns (Vol. II, p. 1443), Optimal Optioned Portfolios with Confidence Limits on Shortfall Constraints (Vol. II, p. 1497), among others. Taking up some of the new ideas and approaches in this literature we introduce the concept of limited risk arbitrage investment management in a general diffusion type securities and derivatives market and characterize the corresponding trading and portfolio management strategies (risk/arbitrage strategies) as the solutions of a stochastic control problem with constraints on instantaneous investment risk, future portfolio risk dynamics, portfolio time decay dynamics and portfolio value appreciation dynamics. Part I: Securities Markets presents the necessary mathematical framework (optimal control of Markov diffusion processes in R n with dynamic programming and continuous-time martingale representation techniques) and lays the foundation for considering financial options as a non-redundant (i.e., securities market completing) asset class in investment management decisions.
Traceability of Base Metals Ores Using Mineralogical and Microtextural Parameters

The demand in mineral resources is increasing rapidly, but there is a lack of transparency in the trade of concentrates raw mineral materials because of speculation and involvement in the finance of armed conflicts. Because of the distance between primary extraction and the final production sites it is difficult to check the origin of these products. An identity card is required for mineral commodities, so that trading in the industry can be verified and the traceability of concentrates ensured. This problem may be considered as an inversion process: studying the products sold to identify the original ore. The discriminant parameters are mineralogical composition, identification of textural microfacies of the target minerals (pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite), " pseudo-paragenetic sequence " , and the contents and distributions of minor elements of target minerals. Statistical tests are used to compare the chemical composition of three target minerals. The application to Volcanic Massive Sulphide ore deposits shows that it is possible to distinguish target minerals between ore deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt province and from the Urals province using the selected characteristics. Ore deposits from different provinces may be discriminated using the identity cards, as well as different deposits in the same province.
THE JOINT INFLUENCE OF INTERACTION HISTORY AND TIME HORIZON ON VENTURE-CAPITALIST/NEW-VENTURE TEAM COOPERATION

This paper investigates post investment cooperation between new venture teams and venture capitalists a propos the longevity of the relationship. Due to the structure of venture capital funds, the authors of this piece argue that the joint effect of the history of interaction between the parties, and time horizon of the relationship, is an especially important determinant of the cooperation within venture-capitalist/new-venture team relationships. The hypotheses were developed and tested empirically on a sample consisting of 70 venture capital backed companies. Both history of interaction and the time horizon of the relationship are found to significantly affect the new venture team's confidence in cooperation.