Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlling Social Sustainability

There is a growing consensus that sustainability must be part of future activities. Previous research indicates that the use of management control systems can push organisations in the direction of sustainability. However, little is known about a firm’s motivation for engaging in this area and its use of management control to operationalise a sustainability objective. Additionally, there is an absence of research that focuses on the social aspect of sustainability. Following that, the aim of this study is to increase the knowledge about how organisations choose to design and use their management control system in order to operationalise their social sustainability objectives. Additionally, this study seeks to examine if there is a relation between, on the one hand, motivations to work with social sustainability and the design and, on the other, motivations to work with social sustainability and the use of management control systems. Six semi-structured interviews have been conducted with five different organisations in the real estate sector. The empirical findings have been structured by the use of a theoretical framework, which also served as a tool to find patterns. The study concludes that first, there is a wide range of management control systems used to operationalise social sustainability objectives. Second, there is a slight relation between the motives and the design of the management control systems, in particular the one between the motive for avoidance of economic losses and the presence of technical control instruments. Last, there is a minor relation between the motivations and the use of the management control systems. For the motive avoidance of social losses, the data indicate that fewer systems are used, in comparison to other motivations where all the levers are represented.
Databases of surface wave dispersion

Observations of seismic surface waves provide the most important constraint on the elastic properties of the Earths lithosphere and upper mantle. Two databases of fundamental mode surface wave dispersion were recently compiled and published by groups at Harvard (Ekstrom et al., 1997) and Utrecht/Oxford (Trampert and Woodhouse, 1995, 2001), and later employed in 3-d global tomographic studies. Although based on similar sets of seismic records, the two databases show some significant discrepancies. We derive phase velocity maps from both, and compare them to quantify the discrepancies and assess the relative quality of the data; in this endeavour, we take careful account of the effects of regularization and parametrization. At short periods, where Love waves are mostly sensitive to crustal structure and thickness, we refer our comparison to a map of the Earths crust derived from independent data. On the assumption that second-order effects like seismic anisotropy and scattering can be neglected, we find the measurements of Ekstrom et al. (1997) of better quality; those of Trampert and Woodhouse (2001) result in phase velocity maps of much higher spatial frequency and, accordingly, more difficult to explain and justify geophysically. The discrepancy is partly explained by the more conservative a priori selection of data implemented by Ekstrom et al. (1997). Nevertheless, it becomes more significant with decreasing period, which indicates that it could also be traced to the different measurement techniques employed by the authors.
Distribution and damage status of moringa moth (Noorda blitealis Walker) on Moringa stenopetala Baker (Cufod.) in southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

Moringa stenopetala Baker (Cufod.) commonly called as African Moringa, is a native or endemic multipurpose tree species in East Africa. An insect pest, moringa moth (Noorda blitealis Walker) has become an important pest on moringa trees in Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The present study was carried out to determine the distribution and damage status of moringa moth (N. bliteails) on M. stenopetala in the study areas of Konso, Derashe and Arbaminch Zuria districts of Southern Rift valley of Ethiopia. Qualitative and quantitative data of defoliation severity were collected during the periods of heavy defoliation in major and minor rainy seasons of the year 2011. The damage rating values were taken by using the Arc GIS 9.3 and Arc GIS 10.0 softwares and the SNNPR data map of Ethiopia was used to make the distribution map. The visual damage rating mean values of the trees and the defoliation percentage were determined with respect to seasonal variations, cropping systems, altitudinal differences, and host plant age differences. The extent of defoliation by moringa moth was recorded maximum during the major rainy season than minor rainy season and the reduced leaf biomass production of moringa trees (31-70%) were recorded during the month of July at the mixedcropping system condition and more than75% recorded during the months of July and December for mono-cropping system condition. Moderate to severe defoliation was recorded within the altitude range of 12001600 m. a. s. l. The leaves of old trees having large trunk and canopy size were more resistant to moringa moth attack than the leaves of younger trees that have relatively small trunk and canopy size during both the major and the minor rainy seasons. Succulent and younger leaves were grown after continuous and periodic leaf harvest, which were more susceptible for attack by moringa moth larvae than tender and older leaves which stayed for longer periods on the tree without continuous harvest. This study was helpful in identifying the gaps concerning the basic information on spacial and seasonal distribution of moringa moth in these areas of Ethiopia. Further study could be conducted on various methods of managing this pest on moringa trees and growers may have enough quantity and better quality of moringa vegetables that could be produced.
Design of a TEM-Cell with Increased Usable Test Area

Transversal electromagnetic mode cells (TEM-cells) are used for electromagnetic compatibility measurements (emission and immunity), and for biomedical applications. Over the years, higher and higher frequencies are being used, which demands smaller transmission structures in order to obtain the homogeneous eld distribution due to resonance. Such resonance destroys the TEM eld, introducing higher order modes. The goal was to design the TEM-cell for GSM frequencies that will have a larger area with a homogeneous eld used for testing, while still obtaining the characteristic impedance. Commercial TEM-cells used for frequencies of 900 MHz have only 2 cm in height available for testing, while the proposed TEM-cell has 5 cm in vertical dimension suitable for EMC testing. The problems regarding characteristic impedance, resonance, higher order modes, dimensions and usable test area are discussed. Numerical modeling with the \Quickeld", which uses nite element method (FEM), and \MAFIA", which uses nite integration technique (FIT) gave the electromagnetic eld distribution and calculation of the higher order modes. The measurements of VSWR and insertion loss showed good correlation with the model. At 935 MHz, the VSWR is 1.1 which makes the cell applicable for GSM frequencies. The higher order modes appear at 490 MHz and 740 MHz, but another frequency area is usable. The TEM-cell has a characteristic impedance of 75 and an increased usable test area. It can be utilized for EMC measurements and biomedical applications from DC to 1 GHz.
Impact of Trade Openness, FDI, Exchange Rate and Inflation on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan

This study focuses on empirical analysis to find out the role of trade openness, inflation, imports, exports, real exchange rate and foreign direct investment in enhancing economic growth in Pakistan. The analysis based on time series data for the period 1980 to 2011. This paper uses ADF; PP and DF-GLS tests to find out stationarity of the variables and Co-integration and DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Square) techniques have been used for the estimation. Co integration results indicated the long run relationship among the variables. However, negative impact of trade openness can be overcome by producing import substitutes and creating conditions for trade surplus. Furthermore, foreign direct investment and trade are considered vital elements that improve the influence of economic growth .
Measuring the efficiency of Russian Football Premier League clubs

Authors propose a methodology for quantitative analyses of football clubs’ efficiency, including following steps: (1) theoretical analyses of production processes in football; (2) its empirical evidence based on structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach; (3) calculating the efficiency of transformation multiple inputs into multiple outputs using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The article considers 4 seasons of Russian Football Premier League (2012/2013 – 2015/2016). Applied approach can help football clubs to identify the weaknesses and focus on efficiency-enhancing strategies.
The Demand for Simple-sum and Divisia Monetary Aggregates for Pakistan: A Cointegration Approach

Financial liberalisation and the advance of financial innovation in a number of developed economies has been blamed for the break-down in the demand for money based on simple sum measures. This break-down has prompted research into Divisia measures of the demand for money. Like many developing countries, Pakistan is going through a period of financial deregulation which goes hand in hand with financial innovation due to increased competition in the banking industry. This paper employs the methodology of cointegration to compare simple-sum and Divisia level estimates of the demand for money for Pakistan for the period 1974Q4 to 1992Q4. Simple sum measures of M1 and M2 were compared with Divisia versions. The paper reports little evidence in support of the superiority of the Divisia monetary aggregates. Both types of measure produce a stable demand for money and perform satisfactorily in post-sample stability tests, although the Divisia measure appears to perform marginally better on conventional statistical criteria. However, our conclusions have to be qualified by the limitations of the data and the knowledge that the period of financial innovation and deregulation has been relatively recent. The policy significance of the results suggests that currently there is no advantage from switching from simple-sum to Divisia aggregates at the existing level of official aggregation as the proper indicator of monetary policy. However, if financial deregulation and innovation continues at the current pace, the Divisia aggregates may in future prove to be the better indicator.
The Relationship Between Star-formation Activity and Galaxy Structural Properties in CANDELS and a Semi-analytic Model

We study the correlation of galaxy structural properties with their location relative to the SFR–M* correlation, also known as the star formation ‘star-forming main sequence’ (SFMS), in the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey and Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey and in a semi-analytic model (SAM) of galaxy formation. We first study the distribution of median Sersic index, effective radius, star formation rate (SFR) density and stellar mass density in the SFR–M* plane. We then define a redshift-dependent main sequence and examine the medians of these quantities as a function of distance from this main sequence, both above (higher SFRs) and below (lower SFRs). Finally, we examine the distributions of distance from the main sequence in bins of these quantities. We find strong correlations between all of these galaxy structural properties and the distance from the SFMS, such that as we move from galaxies above the SFMS to those below it, we see a nearly monotonic trend towards higher median Sersic index, smaller radius, lower SFR density, and higher stellar density. In the SAM, bulge growth is driven by mergers and disc instabilities, and is accompanied by the growth of a supermassive black hole which can regulate or quench star formation via active galactic nucleus feedback. We find that our model qualitatively reproduces the trends described above, supporting a picture in which black holes and bulges co-evolve, and active galactic nucleus feedback plays a critical role in moving galaxies off of the SFMS.
Use of Marker Assisted Selection in a Product Development Breeding Program

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) has held promise for impacting, perhaps revolutionizing, plant breeding disciplines. There are examples of commercial breeding programs making use of MAS in product development as a tool in breeding schemes for many agriculturally important crops, including grain, oilseeds, vegetables, ornamentals, and tree crops. In most cases, levels of efficiency in selection at early generations and characterization in later generations are the tangible deliverables from MAS. Building the infrastructure of a high throughput MAS program is a costly and time consuming process, with vision and patience required. As a case study, markers have proven to be a useful tool in the development of disease-resistant soybean (Glycine max) varieties. The efficiency they bring to the breeding process is measured by the success in accumulating desired traits, particularly soybean cyst nematode resistance, in a larger percentage of candidate experimental lines throughout the breeding pipeline. This technology has been sufficiently streamlined to allow for high throughput data generation in a timely manner that supports "traditional" cultivar development. The improvements for sample turnaround and total data point capacity are continuing to make MAS a cost-effective tool in the breeding of high performing soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistant varieties. MAS for soybean product development at Pioneer Hi-Bred has been used for almost 10 years and has significantly impacted early generation single plant selections, resulting in numerous successful commercial soybean varieties. Media summary Marker assisted selection (MAS) has been successfully used in soybean (Glycine max) product development in early generation single plant selection for key pest resistance.
Evaluation of operational model forecasts of aerosol transport usingceilometer network measurements

Abstract. In this paper, we present a comparison of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecast System (ECMWF-IFS) model simulation of aerosol backscatter profiles with measurements of the ceilometer network operated by the German weather service (DWD) over 1 year from September 2015 to August 2016. As the model output provides mass mixing ratios of different types of aerosol whereas the ceilometers don't, it is necessary to determine a common physical quantity for the comparison. We have chosen the attenuated backscatter β * for this purpose. The β *-profiles are calculated from the mass mixing ratios of the model output assuming the inherent aerosol microphysical properties. Comparison of the attenuated backscatter, averaged between an altitude from 0.2 km (typical overlap range of ceilometers) and 1 km, showed slightly larger values from the model. To investigate possible reasons for the differences, we have examined the role of the hygroscopic growth of particles and the particle shape. Our results show that using a more recent particle growth model would result in a ~ 22 % reduction of particle backscatter for sea salt aerosols, corresponding to a 10 %-reduction of the total backscatter signal on average. Accounting for non-spherical dust particles in the model would reduce attenuated backscatter of dust particles by ~ 30 %. As the concentration of dust aerosol is in general very low in Germany, a significant effect on the total backscatter signal is restricted to dust episodes. In summary, consideration of both effects tend to improve the agreement between model and observations, but without leading to a perfect consistency. In addition a case study was conducted to investigate the agreement of the spatiotemporal distribution of particles. It was found that for a dust episode in April 2016 the arrival time of the dust layer and its vertical extent very well agree between model and ceilometer measurements for several stations. However, due to the large set of parameters characterizing the aerosol distribution and the complexity of the ceilometer retrieval an automated and quantitative comparison scheme for β *-profiles is still missing. Consequently, the representativeness of the case study remains open.
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnons Pumped by the Bulk Spin Seebeck Effect

We propose inducing Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons in a magnetic insulator by a heat flow oriented toward its boundary. At a critical heat flux, the oversaturated thermal gas of magnons accumulated at the boundary precipitates the condensate, which then grows gradually as the thermal bias is dialed up further. The thermal magnons thus pumped by the magnonic bulk (spin) Seebeck effect must generally overcome both the local Gilbert damping associated with the coherent magnetic dynamics as well as the radiative spin-wave losses toward the magnetic bulk, in order to achieve the threshold of condensation. We quantitatively estimate the requisite bias in the case of the ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet, discuss different physical regimes of condensation, and contrast it with the competing (so-called Doppler-shift) bulk instability.
Implementation of Kernel Sparse Representation Classifier for ECG Biometric System

In this paper, a biometric human recognition system based on Electrocardiography (ECG) signal is proposed. Three processes i.e., pre-processing, feature extraction and classification is discussed. A combination of enhanced start and end point detection namely short time energy (STE) and short time average zero crossing rate (STAZCR) is employed in the pre-processing. Subsequently, an autocorrelation method is applied in feature extraction. For the classification process, the kernel sparse representation classifier (KSRC) is proposed as a classifier to increase the system performance in high dimensional feature space. 79 recorded signals from 79 subjects are used are employed in this study. To validate the performance of the KSRC, several classifiers, i.e. sparse representation classifier (SRC), k nearest neighbor (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM) are compared. An experiment based on different sizes of feature dimensions is conducted. The classification performance for four classifiers are found to be 90.93%, 92.8%, 94.24%, 62.9%, 97.23% and 95.87% for the kNN, SVM (Polynomial and RBF), SRC and KSRC (Polynomial and RBF), respectively. The results reveal that the KSRC is a promising classifier for the ECG biometric system compared to the existing reference classifiers.
Linguistic Features for Development of Arabic Text Readability Formula in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

Studies of Arabic text readability in Malaysia began to grow in recent years. This spurred on the need to reassess the quality of learning Arabic literature. But the constraints are lack of objective measurement tools besides cloze test. Unlike the other languages, especially English language has developed various formulas for this purpose. Therefore, this study is the initial exploration in identify potential linguistic characteristics as predictors of difficulty to the development of the Arabic text readability formula among non-native-speakers in Malaysia. For that purpose this study was used High Arabic text book (BAT) of Form Four as a sample. Cloze test was used to measure the readability of reading text in this textbook. A total sample of 390 students of SMKA from all over Malaysia was used for the test. Linguistic features involved words, sentences and contents density were analysed on 15 reading texts in the BAT textbook. Data were analysed using mean, percentage, standard deviation and Pearson correlation. Results indicated that the level of readability of reading texts in the BAT textbooks are at frustration level. While the linguistic features that include the three categories have imbalance distribution of consumption. Five linguistic features were most consistent of consumption in reading texts is from the category of sentences and contents density. The tendencies of sentences and contents features in predicting the difficulty of 15 reading texts of Form Four BAT textbooks are consistently high. Therefore, to develop the Arabic text readability formulas for non-native-speakers in Malaysia, this feature has the potential to be the basis of measurement.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STRATIFICATION OF A MEROMICTIC, ACIDIC MINE PIT LAKE (SAN TELMO, IBERIAN PYRITE BELT)

The 11 year-old, acidic pit lake formed in San Telmo mine shows at present a permanent stratification, with two layers of distinct aqueous composition and redox conditions which are separated by a chemocline at a depth of 29 m. The upper layer is physically lighter, has a lower content of dissolved solids, and shows oxygenic conditions and mostly oxidised dissolved Fe. The lower layer is denser, shows a higher content of sulphate and metals, and is completely anoxic, with Fe(II)>Fe(III). The microbial habitat of the pit lake is also stratified, with a general pattern of decreasing biomass (~10 8 cells mL -1 at the water surface, and ~10 6 cells mL -1 at depth) and increasing biodiversity of extremophilic microorganisms with depth.
The Effects of Bridge Abutments on the BenthicMacroinvertebrate Community

A river ecosystem is a treasure that is home to a wide variety of wetland species. The construction of bridges might have a deep impact on diversity of such an ecosystem. The ecological consequence of bridge abutments was studied by monitoring the benthic macroinvertebrate community at six main bridges on the Tuhai and Majia rivers in eastern China. We collected samples of macroinvertebrates from upstream to downstream during the summer hight-water period, and we monitored water quality at each site. The macroinvertebrate community of under-bridge sites was signifi cantly correlated with that of reference sites in abundance, biomass, and richness. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities were not signifi cantly different between under-bridge sites and reference sites in terms of abundance and biomass, while they were signifi cantly different in terms of richness and the Shannon-Wiener index. This pattern outlined a major impact of bridge abutments on benthic macroinvertebrate communities for the fi rst time, indicating the importance of habitat restoration after river construction was fi nished. Suitable measures should be taken to minimize the impact of bridge abutments.
The Relationship Between CVaR and Option Prices with a Closed Form Solution

Options and CVaR (conditional value at risk) are significant areas of research in their own right, moreover, both are important to risk management and understanding of risk. Despite the importance and the overlap of interests in CVaR and options the literature relating the two is virtually non-existent. In this paper we derive a model-free, simple and closed-form analytic equation that determines the CVaR associated with a put option. This relation is model free and is applicable in complete and incomplete markets. We show that we can account for implied volatility effects using the CVaR risk of options. We show how the relation between options and CVaR has important risk management implications, particularly in terms of integrated risk management and preventing arbitrage opportunities. We conduct numerical experiments to demonstrate obtaining CVaR from empirical options data.