Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 modulate nuclear factor κB activity and nitric oxide synthase‐2 expression in Theiler's virus‐infected brain astrocytes

In brain astrocytes, nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) is activated by stimuli that produce cellular stress causing the expression of genes involved in defence, including the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐2). Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces a persistent CNS infection and chronic immune‐mediated demyelination, similar to human multiple sclerosis. The cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10 inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, counteracting the inflammatory process. Our study reports that infection of cultured astrocytes with TMEV resulted in a time‐dependent phosphorylation of IκBα, degradation of IκBα and IκBβ, activation of NF‐κB and expression of NOS‐2. The proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 blocked TMEV‐induced nitrite accumulation, NOS‐2 mRNA expression and phospho‐IκBα degradation, suggesting NF‐κB‐dependent NOS‐2 expression. Pretreatment of astrocytes with IL‐4 or IL‐10 decreased p65 nuclear translocation, NF‐κB binding activity and NOS‐2 transcription. IL‐4 and IL‐10 caused an accumulation of IκBα in TMEV‐infected astrocytes without affecting IκBβ levels. The IκB kinase activity and the degradation rate of both IκBs were not modified by either cytokine, suggesting de novo synthesis of IκBα. Indeed, IL‐4 or IL‐10 up‐regulated IκBα mRNA levels after TMEV infection. Therefore, the accumulation of IκBα might impair the translocation of the NF‐κB to the nucleus, mediating the inhibition of NF‐κB activity. Overall, these data suggest a novel mechanism of action of IL‐4 and IL‐10, which abrogates NOS‐2 expression in viral‐infected glial cells.
Intel Core i7移动版

不知为何，业界两大领导型企业纷纷用数字7命名自己的产品，桌面操作系统诞生了Windows 7，桌面计算出现了Intel Core i7，到了移动世界，英特尔也在年底之前发布了代号为Clarksfield的Intel Core i7移动处理器，至此，我们已经全面进入了第“7”时代。
Novel intravascular macromolecular MRI contrast agent with generation‐4 polyamidoamine dendrimer core: Accelerated renal excretion with coinjection of lysine

One of the major limitations to macromolecular MRI contrast agents (MRI‐CAs) is their slow clearance and associated decreased excretion of gadolinium (Gd(III)). The effect of coinjecting lysine to accelerate renal excretion of a macromolecular MRI‐CA (generation‐4 PAMAM™ dendrimer (G4D‐(1B4M‐Gd)64)) was investigated. The biodistribution and urine and fecal excretion in athymic mice was evaluated with and without lysine coinjection. 3D‐dynamic‐micro‐MRI with G4D‐(1B4M‐Gd)64 was obtained with and without lysine coinjection, and the serial signal intensity (SI) change in the blood and organs was evaluated. When lysine was coinjected, urinary excretion of G4D‐(1B4M‐Gd)64 increased 5.4‐fold compared to that without lysine, resulting in decreased renal accumulation of G4D‐(1B4M‐Gd)64 from 150% to 40% injected dose per gram (P < 0.001). On dynamic MRI with G4D‐(1B4M‐Gd)64, when lysine was coinjected, the kidney‐to‐blood SI ratio was significantly lower than that obtained without lysine (P < 0.001). When lysine was coinjected, the G4D‐(1B4M‐Gd)64 was excreted from the kidney intact. Magn Reson Med 46:457–464, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hot but not the cold minimal model allows precise assessment of insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects.

Assessment of insulin sensitivity in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is of paramount importance but intrinsically difficult. The standard (hereafter cold) minimal model, in conjunction with an insulin-modified protocol, has been recently proposed, but the estimates of insulin sensitivity showed poor precision (Saad et al. Diabetes 43: 1114-1121, 1994). We propose the tracer (hereafter hot) minimal model as a highly reliable method to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI*) and fractional glucose clearance (SG*), reflecting glucose disposal only, in NIDDM subjects. A [6,6- 2H2] glucose-labeled insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in seven NIDDM subjects. In particular, SI* was 1.07 +/- 0.34 x10(-4)min(-1). microU-1.ml estimated with an average precision (mean coefficient of variation of 12%, range 4-22%), whereas the cold minimal model SI was 0.96 +/- 0.26 x 10(-4) min-1. microU-1.ml (mean coefficient of variation of 105%, range 3-353%). Another advantage of the hot indexes with respect to the cold indexes is their ability to reflect glucose and insulin effect on glucose disposal only, and not also on hepatic glucose production. Finally, we also studied by simulation the effect of glucose urinary loss on cold and hot minimal model indexes; only cold glucose effectiveness (SG) was significantly affected, resulting in a mean approximately 40% lower. The hot minimal model appears therefore more reliable than the cold model for assessing glucose tolerance in NIDDM subjects. In particular its ability to dissect disposal from production processes, coupled with the very good precision of the estimated metabolic indexes, supports the clinical use of this method in NIDDM subjects.
Morphologic types of diffuse large‐cell lymphoma

One hundred eighty‐seven patients with confirmed diffuse non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were selected from a consecutive series of 391 patients who were evaluated and treated at Stanford University Medical Center. Lymphomas with any degree of nodularity and diffuse lymphomas of “well‐differentiated” and “poorly differentiated” lymphocytic type were excluded from this study. Each of four observers identified cases of diffuse large‐cell lymphoma from the 187 cases and further subdivided these cases into six morphologic types in accordance with criteria proposed by Strauchen et al.1 Initial intraobserver and interobserver agreement was relatively low but was greatly enhanced when the initial six morphologic types were grouped as either follicular center‐cell or nonfollicular center‐cell types. When individual observer results were pooled, statistically significant differences were seen between survival of patients in these two groups, with the patients in the nonfollicular center‐cell group having a worse prognosis (P = 0.04). This effect of morphologic type appeared to be independent of pathologic stage. Mitotic counts did not correlate with survival.
IIMS: an integrated inventory management system based on software agent

Advances in information technology have made the global operation of an enterprise possible. However, the control of information flow and logistics of retail outlets is far more complicated and more necessary than ever. The planning and management of the global stocks has to be drawn up from a strategic angle. In our research, we solve most of the inventory-related decision problems, which are divided into three domains and five dimensions by the concept of supply chain management. We propose an Integrated Inventory Management System (IIMS) to improve the effectiveness and efficiencies of inventory control. The IIMS framework constitutes software agents that enable systems to negotiate and cooperate with each other. The management processes are reconstructed to arrange agents into different uses and missions.
Evaluation of relationship between residual stress of ICs and package warpage caused by flip-chip bonding

Relationship between the stress of ICs and package warpage caused by flip-chip bonding is evaluated using piezoresistor chip and is measured by Moiré measurement method. The die size is 9×9 mm2 with 200μm and 550μm in thickness. After non-conductive film laminating, the TEG chip is connected to the organic substrate or the Si interposer by FC bonding. The stress inside the chip was obtained in process of FC bonding by measuring the change in piezo-resistance. The warpage measured by moiré analysis method is in good agreement with the measured residual stress.
Somatodendritic localization and mRNA association of the splicing regulatory protein Sam68 in the hippocampus and cortex

The RNA‐binding protein Sam68 has been implicated in the signal‐dependent processing of pre‐mRNA and in the utilization of intron‐containing retroviral mRNAs. Sam68 is predominantly nuclear but exhibits remarkable binding affinity for signalling proteins located at the membrane. We have investigated the subcellular distribution of Sam68 in adult rat cortex and hippocampus. Subcellular fractionation showed that the protein was most abundant in nuclei but also was present at a significant level in the cytosol and membrane fractions, including light and synaptic membranes derived from crude synaptosomes. Sam68 extracted from the synaptosomal fraction cosedimented with polysomes on sucrose gradients. In agreement with these findings, immunohistochemical staining indicated that Sam68 was concentrated in neuronal nuclei but was also detectable in the soma and dendrites. Sam68 immunoreactivity examined at the ultrastructural level was found to associate with dendritic microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, and free polyribosomes, sometimes close to synapses. A combination of immunoprecipitation and RT‐PCR directly confirmed that Sam68 was bound to polyadenylated mRNA in cortical lysates. The αCaMKII mRNA was identified as one of the coprecipitated transcripts; in contrast, the gephyrin and NR1‐1 mRNAs were not coprecipitated, indicating a certain degree of sequence specificity in the association. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, recombinant GST‐Sam68 as well as brain‐derived Sam68 bound with high affinity to the αCaMKII 3′ untranslated region. These results suggest that Sam68 may accompany and, conceivably, regulate mature mRNAs during nuclear export, somatodendritic transport, and translation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and other lipid peroxidation products.

Lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress is accelerated under hyperglycemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. The effect of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and other lipid peroxidation products on the ability of isolated rat pancreatic islets to secrete insulin was examined in this study. HNE concentration- and time-dependently deteriorated glucose-induced insulin secretion: insulin secretion was decreased by 50% when measured after incubation of islets with 100 microM HNE for 1 h. Other lipid peroxidation products, e.g. 2-hexenal and 2-butenal, also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. HNE at 100 microM lowered alpha-ketoisocaproate-induced insulin secretion, whereas leucine-induced insulin secretion was stimulated. Insulin secretion induced by 10 mM glyceraldehyde was slightly decreased by HNE. On the other hand, HNE severely decreased insulin secretion induced by 10 mM glyceraldehyde and 2.8 mM glucose. Glucose utilization and glucose oxidation were significantly lowered in islets treated with HNE. The amounts of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in islets were decreased by treatment with HNE, whereas the amount of fructose 6-phosphate was increased. Our study indicates that HNE and other lipid peroxidation products impair insulin secretion induced by glucose probably through affecting both the glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle.
Phylogeny and evolution of the piroplasms

SUMMARY Small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) genes of three Theileria species, one Cytauxzoon and four Babesia species were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced. Our sequences were aligned with srRNA sequences previously published for eight species of Apicomplexa, one ciliate and one dinoflagellate, the last two being included as free-living outgroup species. Phylogenetic relationships between the organisms were inferred by four in-dependent methods of phylogenetic tree construction using the ciliate Oxytricha nova to root the trees. Our trees fail to show a consensus branching order. They do, however, clearly indicate that the theilerias form a monophyletic taxon derived from a paraphyletic group which includes the species B. equi, C. felis and B. rodhaini. The distance trees indicate that the babesias sensu stricto (B. canis, B. caballi, B. bigemina and B. bovis) form another monophyletic taxon which diverged before the theilerias separated from the above-mentioned paraphyletic group. The parsimony and maximum likelihood trees suggest that the babesias and theilerias are sister taxa, both of which were derived from the paraphyletic group.
Depression following Myocardial Infarction

Objective: Although many investigators have studied mood disorders following myocardial infarction, the prevalence, severity, and persistence of depression have been disputed, and standard rating scales and criteria for depressive disorders have infrequently been utilized. The authors' goal was to determine how frequently depressive disorders occur after myocardial infarction, and to investigate predisposing factors for such disorders. Method: Structured clinical interviews were administered to 129 inpatients within ten days of myocardial infarction. Patients were also evaluated using standardized rating scales for depression, social function, cognition, and physical impairment. DSM-III diagnoses were derived from the structured interview. Results: Major depressive syndromes were present in 19 percent (n = 25) of the patients and were associated with prior history of mood disorder, female sex, large infarcts, and functional physical impairment. Conclusion: Major depression is common in the acute post-myocardial infarction period. Such disorders confer significant psychiatric morbidity and, if sustained, require psychiatric intervention.
Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3-Grabbing Nonintegrin/CD209 Is Abundant on Macrophages in the Normal Human Lymph Node and Is Not Required for Dendritic Cell Stimulation of the Mixed Leukocyte Reaction1

The C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)/CD209 efficiently binds several pathogens, including HIV-1. DC-SIGN is expressed on monocyte-derived DCs in culture, and importantly, it is able to sequester HIV-1 within cells and facilitate transmission of virus to CD4+ T cells. To investigate DC-SIGN function, we have generated new mAbs. We report in this study that these and prior anti-DC-SIGN mAbs primarily label macrophages in the medullary sinuses of noninflamed human lymph node. In contrast, expression is not detected on most DCs in the T cell area, except for occasional cells. We also noted that IL-4 alone can induce expression of DC-SIGN in CD14+ monocytes and circulating blood DCs. However, blockade of DC-SIGN with Abs and DC-SIGN small interfering RNA did not result in a major reduction in the capacity of these DCs to transfer HIV to T cells, confirming significant DC-SIGN-independent mechanisms. The blocking approaches did reduce HIV-1 transmission by DC-SIGN-transfected cells by >90%. DC-SIGN blockade also did not reduce the ability of DCs to stimulate T cell proliferation in the MLR. These results indicate that DC-SIGN has the potential to contribute to macrophage function in normal human lymph node, and that DCs do not require DC-SIGN to transmit HIV or to initiate T cell responses.
Cuckoo search algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem

The cuckoo search algorithm is a novel metaheuristic based on the reproduction behavior of some cuckoo species in combination with the Lévy flight behavior of some birds and fruit flies. It has been applied to a wide range of optimization problems with good performance such as a TSP; nonetheless, it has yet to be applied to the vehicle routing problem, specifically the capacitated vehicle routing problem. In this study cuckoo search is proposed to solve the capacitated vehicle routing problem. The proposed algorithm uses a set of twelve neighborhood structures process based on λ-interchanges scheme and cross-exchange operators with the aim of gaining significant improvements in solution quality. The result shows that the performance of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of the other algorithms and is able to find near-optimal solution in reasonable time, which indicates that cuckoo search has the potential to solve the capacitated vehicle routing problem.
Standard, Reputation and Trade: Evidence from US Horticultural Imports Refusals

By disentangling productivity- from quality-sorting in horticultural exports, this paper investigates the impact of food safety standards and consumers’ preference for quality on developing countries’ capacity to export high care and differentiated agricultural products (HCAs). Using a unique database on US import refusals, the empirical analysis shows that a shock to reputation has a downgrading effect, reducing the capacity to participate and benefit from trade in HCAs. The occurrence of at least one refusal in the current year reduces HS 6-digit average unit export price by over 8% and the long-run propensity suggests a 25% cut.
A rapid method for determining the topological distribution of anionic sites on membrane surfaces.

A method is described for the topological localization of cell surface anionic sites using positively charged colloidal iron hydroxide (Gasic et al., Lab. Invest. 18, 63 [1968]). Purified glutaraldehyde-fixed plasma cell membranes or glutaraldehyde-fixed lysed cells are mounted on thin support films and directly stained with colloidal iron at pH 1.8, washed, dried, and then examined by transmission electron microscopy. Using this method the surface anionic residues on rabbit erythrocytes and murine MOPC-70A myeloma cells are presently in randomly spaced clusters. The distribution of anionic residues on rabbit spermatozoa is discontinuous: the sperm tails almost exclusively bind the colloidal iron in a dense random distribution, while the heads show little or no labeling.
Defining Resident Abuse within the Culture of Long-Term Care Institutions

Although researchers have identified the presence of resident abuse within long-term care facilities, it has not come under the same scrutiny as have other aspects of abuse against older adults. This is due, in part, to the difficulty in defining the phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to articulate a definition of resident abuse as perceived by registered nurses working in long-term care institutions. Ethnoscience was the method used to answer this question. The five categories of resident abuse characteristics—perception of hurt felt by older residents, acts of omission or commission, context of care, intentional or unintentional, and behavioral clusters—that emerged through semistructured interviews and focus groups reflect the descriptions given by participants. Identifying a common definition of resident abuse suggests that assessment and intervention to reduce episodes of it are more likely to be effective.
[A long-term retrospective clinical study of short dental implant restoration].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term results of short implants and assess its clinical importance. METHODS A total of 77 short implants were consecutively placed in 43 patients from August 1998 to August 2004. The clinical data was reviewed and the crown-implant ratio (C/I) was measured. Twenty-nine short implants in 15 patients were loaded for more than 5 years and the marginal bone height around implant measured. The implant success and survival ratio were evaluzted according to Zarb's successful criteria and Wheeler's survival criteria. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 5.4 years (36 ∼ 99 months). Among these 77 short implants, 74 implants were fixed restoration, which mean C/I was (1.08 ± 0.21), 3 implants were removable restoration. Of 29 short implants which were loaded for more than 5 years, the mesial bone height at the times immediately after inserting implant, before second stage surgery, loading for less than 3 years and loading for more than 5 years was (0.59 ± 0.66), (0.64 ± 0.59), (-0.05 ± 1.11), (-0.37 ± 1.29) mm; and the distal bone height was (0.62 ± 0.77), (0.60 ± 0.86), (-0.26 ± 1.12), (-0.23 ± 1.59) mm. The 5 year's survival rate and success rate were 97% and 93% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The success and survival rate of short dental implant under function were comparable to those reported for normal implants. By using the short implant, the patients can avoid the graft operation, alleviate sufferings, shorten the treatment period and reduce the cost. Therefore, it has a high value in clinical application.
Comparison of the Reliability of Plantar Pressure Measurements Using the Two-step and Midgait Methods of Data Collection

The reliability of plantar pressure measurements obtained using the traditional midgait method compared with the two-step method was investigated. Using an EMED-SF system, the parameters of contact area, contact time, maximum force, and peak pressure at seven sites of the foot were assessed for reliability of measurement in 10 normal subjects. The results of the study indicate that the two-step method is as reliable as the midgait method and may be preferred for use in both research and clinical settings.
A new surgical approach for mixed-type pectus carinatum: the Onen procedure

In this article, a new surgical approach applied to eight cases which show pectus excavatum and carinatum features was discussed. Nuss method was used for pectus excavatum deformities, while resection and reconstruction with a titanium mesh and screws were used for pectus carinatum deformities. This lately defined method was named as Onen procedure.
Influence of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters in the realistic left coronary artery under hyperemic conditions

Abstract The current study investigates the hyperemic flow effects on heamodynamics parameters such as velocity, wall shear stress in 3D coronary artery models with and without stenosis. The hyperemic flow is used to evaluate the functional significance of stenosis in the current era. Patients CT scan data of having healthy and coronary artery disease was chosen for the reconstruction of 3D coronary artery models. The diseased 3D models of coronary artery shows a narrowing of >50% lumen area. Computational fluid dynamics was performed to simulate the hyperemic flow condition. The results showed that the recirculation zone was observed immediate to the stenosis and highest wall shear stress was observed across the stenosis. The decrease in pressure was found downstream to the stenosis as compared to the coronary artery without stenosis. Our analysis provides an insight into the distribution of wall shear stress and pressure drop, thus improving our understanding of hyperemic flow effect under both conditions.
Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape in Morpho butterflies

Butterfly wings harbor highly diverse phenotypes and are involved in many functions. Wing size and shape result from interactions between adaptive processes, phylogenetic history, and developmental constraints, which are complex to disentangle. Here, we focus on the genus Morpho (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae, 30 species), which presents a high diversity of sizes, shapes, and color patterns. First, we generate a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of these 30 species. Next, using 911 collection specimens, we quantify the variation of wing size and shape across species, to assess the importance of shared ancestry, microhabitat use, and sexual selection in the evolution of the wings. While accounting for phylogenetic and allometric effects, we detect a significant difference in wing shape but not size among microhabitats. Fore and hindwings covary at the individual and species levels, and the covariation differs among microhabitats. However, the microhabitat structure in covariation disappears when phylogenetic relationships are taken into account. Our results demonstrate that microhabitat has driven wing shape evolution, although it has not strongly affected forewing and hindwing integration. We also found that sexual dimorphism of forewing shape and color pattern are coupled, suggesting a common selective force.