Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid synthesis in mammalian cells

Cancer cells frequently exhibit specific alterations in their metabolic activity. This metabolic reprogramming supports the increased production of metabolic intermediates for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and is a prerequisite for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. The most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer are an increase in glucose uptake and the use of aerobic glycolysis, termed the Warburg effect. However, other metabolic processes, including protein, nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis, are also enhanced as part of cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming. The majority of adult mammalian tissues satisfy their lipid requirements through the uptake of free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), from the bloodstream. Fatty acid (FA) and cholesterol biosynthesis are restricted to a subset of tissues, including liver, adipose and lactating breast tissues. However, reactivation of lipid biosynthesis is frequently observed in cancer tissue (reviewed by Menendez and Lupu, 2007). Over the past few years, increasing attention has been given to the study of the metabolic processes involved in lipid biosynthesis and their regulation within the context of this disease. In this Review, we will highlight some of the recent evidence implicating deregulated lipid biosynthesis in cancer development. We will focus on the contribution of some of the key enzymes involved in FA and cholesterol biosynthesis to cell transformation and cancer development. We will discuss their regulation by oncogenic signalling pathways and by the environmental conditions in growing tumours. Finally, we will examine how deregulated lipid metabolism in cancer cells might contribute to the complex interactions between cancer cells and the variety of stromal cell types that are recruited into the tumour. Because stromal cells play a vital role in cancer development and disease progression, targeting lipid metabolism in cancer cells could have therapeutic benefits.
DMM021766 39..49

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), characterized by specific degeneration of spinal motor neurons, is caused by mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric (SMN1) gene and subsequent decreased levels of functional SMN. How the deficiency of SMN, a ubiquitously expressed protein, leads to spinal motor neuron-specific degeneration in individuals affected by SMA remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of SMN in mitochondrial axonal transport and morphology in human motor neurons by generating SMA type 1 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiating these cells into spinal motor neurons. The initial specification of spinal motor neurons was not affected, but these SMA spinal motor neurons specifically degenerated following long-term culture. Moreover, at an early stage in SMA spinal motor neurons, but not in SMA forebrain neurons, the number of mitochondria, mitochondrial area and mitochondrial transport were significantly reduced in axons. Knocking down of SMN expression led to similar mitochondrial defects in spinal motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells, confirming that SMN deficiency results in impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Finally, the application of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) mitigated the impairment in mitochondrial transport and morphology and rescued motor neuron degeneration in SMA long-term cultures. Furthermore, NAC ameliorated the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in SMA spinal motor neurons, suggesting that NAC might rescue apoptosis and motor neuron degeneration by improving mitochondrial health. Overall, our data demonstrate that SMN deficiency results in abnormal mitochondrial transport and morphology and a subsequent reduction in mitochondrial health, which are implicated in the specific degeneration of spinal motor
Rapid Molecular Diagnosis Based on SCAR Marker System for Cereal Cyst Nematode

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to build a SCAR marker system for rapid molecular detection of cereal cyst nematode(Heterodera avenae) from mixtures of different nematodes. 【Method】 With the method of RAPD and SCAR,a single-step PCR was used to specially detect H.avenae. 【Result】 Using the SCAR marker system established in this study,the target fragment was amplified from the DNA templates of H.avenae only,from other 8 species including 32 populations.The SCAR marker system could detect cysts and the J2 of H.avenae,and the specific fragment could be clearly identified when the dilution was 1/2000 of a cyst or 1/80 of a J2 for all replicates. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of the SCAR marker system for rapid molecular detection of H.avenae can be used to detect the H.avenae from the mixed nematode samples rapidly,and the detection is accurate and highly sensitive.
Notes on the Genus Helvella in North America

In the course of present studies on the genus Helvella in Europe the authors have come across 110 American Helvella collections in European herbaria, and ample material was found of a species new to the flora: Helvella connivens. Seventeen species were represented in the Ameri? can material, and some of them are probably hitherto unrecognized in North America, viz. H. lactea Boud. , H. fusca Gill. sensu Bres. , and H. cupuliformis Diss. & Nannf. The 17 species are listed below. Capital letters indicate the museums where the material is preserved. It should be noted that this survey includes only the species which have been seen by the authors. Concerning American Helvella collections in the mentioned museums, the list is, however, considered to be almost complete. More detailed references to the collections are given by Dissing (1966). H. acetabulum (L. ex St.-Amans)
Bacterial diversity cultured from shiros of Tricholoma matsutake

Matsutake(Tricholoma matsutake) is an important wild edible mushroom with important economic and medicinal value. The sporocarps often occur and develop in shiros. In this study,soils from six shiros of T. matsutake were collected in Yunnan Province and soil dilution plating was used to determine the diversity of bacterial species represented in these samples. Sequencing of 16 S r DNA generated 178 sequences from cultured bacteria,representing 38 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) of 4 phyla and 18 genera. The majority of sequences belonged to Proteobacteria(58. 43%),Firmicutes(26. 40%),Bacteroidetes(10. 67%),and Actinobacteria(4. 49%). Further analysis revealed that bacteria cultured from these soils were species of Bacillus(Firmicutes,24. 72%),Burkholderia(Proteobacteria,21. 34%),Pseudomonas(Proteobacteria,11. 24%),and Chryseobacterium(Bacteroidetes,10. 67%). Therefore,the diversity of cultured bacteria from the shiros of matsutake in Yunnan Province was abundant.
An attempt to use rRNA secondary structure characters in fungal systematics

A new approach using sequences of secondary structure to assess phylogenetic relationships is introduced. The descriptive dimensional positions of bases instead of sequences of nucleic acids are used as specific characters to construct a phylogenetic tree. Application of the method to phylogenetic analysis of selected taxa of Ascomycota at different taxonomic ranks indicates that structure signal is useful for exploring the phylogenetic relationships among groups. As a proof, the nucleotide signal with the same informative sites was also performed. Comparison between the structure trees and nucleotide trees revealed that structure analysis gives stronger support to classification based on morphological features and to phylogeny established by RPB2 sequence analysis. The method extends the application of rRNA molecule, which makes analysis based on rRNA sequences not limited to base comparison and is complementary to primary sequence analysis in fungal phylogenetic studies.
THE WORK THAT GOES INTO RENEWABLE ENERGY

1 The authors thank Marshall Goldberg, Randy Swisher, Roby Roberts, George Sterzinger, Michael Eckhart, Alan Miller, John Vandenbosch, Fredric Beck and Mary Kathryn Campbell for their review of earlier drafts. The authors also thank Fredric Beck for research and production assistance. The final draft is the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the funding organization, REPP, the REPP Board of Directors or the reviewers. REPP RESEARCH REPORT
Research on Crop Water Status Monitoring and Diagnosis by Terahertz Imaging

Leaf water content is regarded as an important index of crop health in agriculture. It is in great need to develop a rapid, non-destructive and accurate diagnose method which can measure and assess water level of different types of crops. In this research, winter wheat leaves were selected and the reliability and applicability of THz imaging technique for destructive and non-destructive water content monitoring were studied. Based on the measurement of THz transmission, smaller water loss in distal regions of a winter wheat leaf is shown when compared with that in basal regions during the natural dehydration process. A high correlation between the gravimetric water status level and THz transmission is observed during dehydration and after rehydration. The results show that the transmission of THz waves can be used to evaluate the water content of winter wheat leaves by destructive and non-destructive geometries, which suggests that THz imaging can be a good potential tool to measure the water content to diagnosis crop health in agriculture in a rapid, non-destructive and accurate way.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Titania-Based Binary Metal Oxides : TiO 2 / SiO 2 and TiO 2 / ZrO 2

A composition comprising metal oxide particles having photo-catalytic activity, a Solvent-Soluble Zirconium com pound and a Solvent. Preferably, the metal oxide particles having photocatalytic activity are titanium oxide particles, the metal oxide particles have an average particle diameter of about 0.005 to 0.3 um; and the amount of the Zirconium compound is in the range of about 3-200 parts by weight, as ZrO, per 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide articles. A composite of a film having a photo-catalytic activity with a base material is made by coating the base material with the above composition to form a film, and curing the film on the base material.
Development of a Novel Velocity Map Imaging Spectrometer

A new velocity map imaging spectrometer for the recording of molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) was designed and its resolution analysed using simulations. A novel electrostatic lens design shall make 4π detection of photoelectrons with kinetic energies of up to 150 eV possible while maximising the time-of-flight difference between forward and backward emitted electrons, thus facilitating a complete 3D reconstruction of MFPADs.
Postprocessing framework for land cover classification optimization based on iterative self-adaptive superpixel segmentation

Abstract. An increasing number of applications require land cover information from remote sensing images, thereby resulting in an urgent demand for automatic land use and land cover classification. Therefore, effectively improving the accuracy of land cover classification is a main objective in remote sensing image processing. We propose a land cover classification postprocessing framework based on iterative self-adaptive superpixel segmentation (LCPP-ISSS) for remote sensing image data. This framework can further optimize the land cover classification results obtained by neural networks without changing the network structure. First, we propose the iterative self-adaptive superpixel segmentation algorithm for high-resolution remote sensing images to extract the boundary information of different land cover classes. Then, we propose a land cover classification result optimization method based on patch complexity to optimize the classification result by combining the boundary information with the semantic information. In an experiment, we compare the classification accuracy before and after using LCPP-ISSS and with other common methods. The results show that LCPP-ISSS outperforms the dense conditional random field and provides a 4% increase in the mean intersection over union and a 10% increase in overall accuracy.
A reduced order CFD/MBS coupling for aeroelastic applications to rotorcrafts

Current design methods incorporate the aeroelastic requirements from the preliminary phases by exploiting multidisciplinary simulations of aerodynamic and structural phenomena. The plethora of reduced order models [1] based on Blade Element Momentum (BEM), actuator and beam models, although fast and versatile, lack of accuracy and employ several empirical corrections. This makes them unsuitable for accurate predictions of the complex fluid-structure interactions of rotorcrafts
Frequency stability of the mode spectrum of broad bandwidth Fabry-Pérot interferometers

When illuminated by a white light source, the discrete resonances of a FabryPérot interferometer (FP) provide a broad bandwidth, comb-like spectrum useful for frequency calibration. We report on the design, construction, and laboratory characterization of two planar, passively stabilized, low finesse (≈40) FPs spanning 380 nm to 930 nm and 780 nm to 1300 nm, with nominal free spectral ranges of 20 GHz and 30 GHz respectively. These instruments are intended to calibrate astronomical spectrographs in radial velocity searches for extrasolar planets. By tracking the frequency drift of three widely-separated resonances in each FP, we measure fractional frequency drift rates as low as 1× 10−10 day−1. However, we find that the fractional drift rate varies across the three sample wavelengths, such that the drift of two given resonance modes disagrees with the ratio of their mode numbers. We explore possible causes of this behavior, as well as quantify the temperature and optical power sensitivity of the FPs. Our results demonstrate the advancement of Fabry-Pérot interferometers as robust and frequency-stable calibrators for astronomical and other broad bandwidth spectroscopy applications, but also highlight the need for chromatic characterization of these systems. © 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Is There a Housing Bubble or a Quality Boom in Turkey? Evidence from Hedonic Price Adjustment

In the 2010-2014 period, housing prices increased more than 50 percent in Turkey, which raises concerns over a potential property bubble. This increase is widespread across the country where prices are even doubled in some regions. Our study performs a hedonic price adjustment for housing market in Turkey, where we control for the price effects of increases in observed house characteristics in time. Results show significant increases in quality of houses sold, which in turn suggests that identifying all the price increase as real appreciation may be misleading. In particular, we estimate that one fourth of total price changes stems from quality improvements.
Multivariate Log-CFUSN Distribution: Bayesian inference and properties

We introduce the multivariate log canonical fundamental skew-normal (log-CFUSN) and discuss some of its properties, such as marginal distributions and Shannon entropy. This class of log-skewed distributions include the log-normal and multivariate log-skew normal families as particular cases. We discuss some issues related to Bayesian inference in the log-CFUSN family. This proposed family is used to analyze the US national monthly precipitation data. We conclude that a high dimensional skewing function lead to a better model fit.
Virtual mechanical systems: an energy-based approach

In this work, a class of virtual control systems associated to mechanical systems in the Euler-Lagrange (EL) and port-Hamiltonian (pH) energy-based frameworks is introduced, where the behavior of the original system is embedded into the dynamics of the virtual one. The construction of the virtual mechanical systems is based on the notion of virtual forces which are mathematical objects that behave like true forces. Remarkably, the virtual mechanical systems preserve the energy conservation properties of the original mechanical systems, e.g., passivity. Moreover, the aforementioned virtual forces exhibit coordinate-free properties.
Detection of Giardia lamblia by Microscopic Examination, Rapid Chromatographic Immunoassay Test, and Molecular Technique

Background Giardia lamblia is a pathogenic intestinal flagellate transmitted by the ingestion of contaminated water or food with the cyst stage of the parasite. Giardiasis can cause severe acute diarrhea and malabsorption or may persist as a chronic infection. Effective treatment and control measures depend on proper laboratory diagnosis using diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity. Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of direct smear, Ritchie sedimentation technique, two brands of rapid chromatographic immunoassay test, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of G. lamblia in clinical human fecal samples. Materials and methods Unpreserved 100 stool specimens were collected in clean plastic containers and labeled with the patient’s information and examined through light microscopy, immunochromatographic test (ICTs), and real-time PCR. Results Out of 100 fresh stool samples obtained from workers analyzed, real-time PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene was able to detect Giardia deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in (42) samples followed by ImmunoCard STAT! (31) samples (Meridian Bioscience, Germany), direct smear (23) samples, CerTest (19) samples (Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain), and Ritchie technique (17) samples. Real-time PCR was the most sensitive for the diagnosis of G. lamblia in comparison to the other techniques. Conclusions All the techniques investigated were sensitive for the detection of G. lamblia in stool samples. Further studies are recommended using multiplex real-time PCR assay in order to increase the possibility of the presence or absence of the infection.
The use of Moodle and R environments as support for a probability and statistics course: an experience in a teacher training program

This paper describes a blended learning experience in the classroom of a probability and statistics course in an initial teacher training program at a public university. The technological platform for conducting this experiment consisted of the Moodle LMS and the R statistical software to support the classroom activities of this course. In the context of this experience, we discuss the potential of technological tools in terms of the dynamic virtual expansion of activities in the classroom, providing an enriching forum for reflections.
ESTIMATION OF MICROBIAL PROTEIN SUPPLY TO SHEEP AND CATTLE BASED ON URINARY EXCRETION OF PURINE DERIVATIVES - AN OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL DETAILS

Introduction 1 Principle of the method 1 Brief background of purine metabolism in ruminants 2 Limitation of the method 5 Sample collection 5 Determination of purine derivatives 6 Dilution of urine samples 6 List of published methods 8 Determination of allantoin by a colorimetric method 9 Determination of xanthine plus hypoxanthine by enzymatic method 12 Determination of uric acid by uricase method 15 Calculations 16 Daily excretion of purine derivatives 17 Calculation of microbial N supply 17 Presentation of results 18 Use of spot samples 19 Related Literature 19
Antimycotic efficacy of Zinc nanoparticle on dark-spore forming Phytopathogenic fungi

We investigated the antimycotic activity of zinc nanoparticle (ZnNP) against the dark-spore formers, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria brassicicola. This study is a primary investigation to observe whether ZnNP is effective to interfere with fungal metabolism in such phytopathogenic fungi. The efficacy of ZnNP was assessed using four different concentrations (10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) on the spore germination as well as mycelial growth of these fungi. ZnNP at 20 ppm was effective to inhibit spore germination in B. sorokiniana. However, 10 ppm was found effective for A. brassicicola. Further, mycelial growth of both the fungi upon application of ZnNP at four different concentrations of 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm was tested. Again, 100 ppm concentration of ZnNP was reported to inhibit the growth of both the pathogens significantly.
Thunderstorm associated asthma in Atlanta, Georgia

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEDIMENT CONTROL AT LATERAL DIVERSION

Submerged vane is used in preventing excessive bed-sediment ingestion into lateral diversions of flow from alluvial channels. This study presents three-dimensional sediment transport simulation at lateral diversion with or without submerged vane. The hybrid RANS-LES approach is used in hydrodynamic model to reasonably resolve coherent turbulence structure around the diversion entrance. The Lagrangian approach is used to compute the nonequilibrium bed load transport. Simulation showed that submerged vanes decrease in bed load ingestion into the diversion. Influence of the coherent turbulence structure is revealed by simulation. The result also implies that the present numerical simulation becomes a power tool to examine the vane effect.
Characteristics of turbulent transport in flux-driven toroidal plasmas

We have presented an overall picture of flux-driven ITG turbulence and associated transport which reveals resilience and stiffness in profile formation and self-similarity in relaxation process coupled with SOC type intermittent bursts. The transport is found to be regulated by the different types of non-diffusive processes such as fast/slow time scale avalanches and intermittent bursts induced by the instantaneously produced radially extended ballooning type modes ranging from mesoto macro-scale. We elucidated the generation mechanism of the shear layer of radial electric field r E , referred to as E B × staircase, which results from zonal flow and pressure governed by the intensity gradient of the global modes. The dynamical evolution of the E B × staircase, which takes place in high input power regime, causes a new type of long time scale breezing in the transport. The spatio-temporal linkage of such different non-diffusive processes leads to a new turbulent state dominated by long range correlation in time and space.