Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An inversion of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) mass concentrations based on the air quality index (AQI) during dust prone periods in Hotan oasis, Sinkiang

Abstract. Ambient air pollution has been implicated as a major environmental problem in Urban development process. The objective of this publication is to analyse deeply the correlation coefficient of PM2.5 and AOD and aerosol optical depth (AOD). Surface PM2.5 observation data and AOD were investigated from March to June in 2015 and 2016. Hourly PM2.5 data are sampled from air quality monitoring stations in Hotan oasis. The AOD data are derived from Terra and Aqua at 10 km resolution. The satellite passed the area at about 13:30 AM and 15:30 PM，respectively．By using the matched PM2.5 and AOD data，the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics are discussed, and the correlation coefficient of PM2.5 versus AOD are estimated. The results show that PM2.5 mass concentration and AOD vary greatly in different pollution weather. This phenomenon may be associated with data collection time, and other meteorological factors. Regression analysis based on typical air pollution show subsection fitting effect is relatively good choice, and regression is relatively well in Hazardous and serious pollution weather. Fitting analysis is good for PM2.5 in different level of air pollution, and sources and pollutants transmission have difference.
Ontological analysis for dynamic data model exploration

Increasing access to data and computational resources allows use to use more expressive approaches to data analysis. We propose using established statistical metrics to assist the automatic analysis of free text transcripts. The meaningful concepts from a domain and their axiomatic relationships can be captured in an ontology. This provides an aggregate model which describes the domain. However, the fine detail from individual elements and their characteristics are subsumed by the whole. Keeping multiple 'micro models' of the data, along with meta information allows a range of different view points. This can be applied to free text documents that within a domain where significant information is carried by one or a few instances such as in the analysis of interview transcripts. This paper presents a framework that utilises ontological tools to create domain models in a way that it allows for a distributed and parallel implementation necessary for big data analysis.
Can chlorophyll fluorescence be used to estimate the rate of photosynthetic electron transport within microphytobenthic biofilms

Chlorophyll fluorometry has frequently been used to estimate the photosynthetic elec- tron transport rate (ETR) within oxygenic organisms. One of the requirements of this method is that the absorptivity of the photosynthetic system is known. In the specific case of microphytobenthos within biofilms, it is known that cells migrate vertically over relatively short time periods. This can radically alter the absorptivity of the photosynthetic biomass as a whole and, potentially, could result in highly inaccurate values of ETR being calculated. In this study, both modulated, integrating fluo- rometry and high resolution imaging of fluorescence have been used to investigate the error intro- duced into the calculation of ETR by the vertical migration of cells. Estimates of ETR derived from flu- orescence data were compared with rates of primary production measured using a 14 C-radiotracer method. The effect of fluorescence from photosystem I (PS I) on the calculated value of ETR was also assessed. Overall, these data suggest that PS I fluorescence can introduce significant errors into the estimation of ETR from diatom cultures and in the estimation of ETR from individual cells at the biofilm surface, when using high resolution imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence. Measurements made on intact biofilms under incident light showed an extremely poor correlation between esti- mated ETR (derived from fluorescence data) and primary production (measured by 14 C incorpora- tion). The simplest explanation for this result is that the downward migration of cells decreased the amount of light absorbed by the photosynthetic biomass, which led to substantial errors in the calcu- lation of ETR. The clear implication is that conventional (integrating) fluorometers cannot be used to determine rates of ETR from intact, migratory biofilms and that any realistic estimation of ETR within intact biofilms is likely to involve high resolution imaging of fluorescence.
What can WE do for urban insect biodiversity? Applying lessons from ecological research

Urban ecosystems are not unique, as the ecological processes and anthropological effects they encapsulate can equally be found in a range of human dominated environments. Applying ecological lessons from both within and outside urban areas is important for insect conservation within our expanding towns and cities. The management of urban grasslands, which in many cases is controlled by private individual and corporate landowners, has the potential to make a large difference to the biodiversity they support. Here we report on an investigation of invertebrate biodiversity within a series of small urban grasslands with contrasting frequency of management by mowing. Seven gardens and five other grassland areas were suction sampled for grassland invertebrates in July 2016. Samples were taken in patches that were regularly cut on a 7-14 day cycle (very short), those cut every six weeks (short) and those than had not been cut since the previous year (long). Invertebrates were mostly identified to order level, with the Hemiptera to species or morphospecies. Invertebrate abundance was significantly inversely related to mowing frequency but overall species richness did not differ between short and very short grasslands. Community structure also was most distinct in the long grasslands. The pattern of abundance varied between different taxonomic groups, with the Hemiptera particularly benefiting from very low levels of management. The value to invertebrates, especially Hemiptera, of reduced grassland management is discussed, with reference to how the owners of gardens and other urban grassy areas can make simple changes to benefit biodiversity on their land
Persian to English Personal Name Transliteration Based On the Persian Web Contents

Personal names are out of dictionary words which are usually primary keys in the web queries. Converting a personal name from source language to target language is transliteration. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for transliterating a Persian personal name to an English name. This method consists of two stages. At first, in the offline stage, a graph is made by processing Persian web contents. In this graph, names are related based on their neighboring in the web pages. Afterwards, in online stage, each name is transliterated using this graph and name frequencies. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective in personal name transliteration.
Optimization of lipase production by Staphylococcus sp. Lp12

A bacterial strain isolated from an oil contaminated soil, identified as Staphylococcus sp. Lp12 was screened for lipase activity on tributyrin agar and spirit blue agar medium. Maximum lipase production was observed at 48 h of growth (3.5 Eu/ml). Peptone was found to be as an ideal nitrogen source for production at a concentration of 1.0% (4.25 Eu/ml). Addition of any nitrogen source other than peptone to the medium resulted in a significant reduction of enzyme production. Lower lipase production was noted when an inorganic nitrogen source was used as the sole nitrogen source. Starch was used as a major carbon source for optimum production of lipase (4.25 Eu/ml) at a concentration of 1.5%. Of the natural oils, olive oil was able to induce more lipase (4.25 Eu/ml) rather than the oils like groundnut, coconut, castor oils. Basal medium containing tween 80 enhanced lipase production to a significant level. The pH 8 and temperature 45°C were found to be ideal pH and temperature for optimum production of lipase by this strain.
Point cloud segmentation for urban scene classification

Abstract. High density point clouds of urban scenes are used to identify object classes like buildings, vegetation, vehicles, ground, and water. Point cloud segmentation can support classification and further feature extraction provided that the segments are logical groups of points belonging to the same object class. A single segmentation method will typically not provide a satisfactory segmentation for a variety of classes. This paper explores the combination of various segmentation and post-processing methods to arrive at useful point cloud segmentations. A feature based on the normal vector and flatness of a point neighbourhood is used to group cluttered points in trees as well as points on surfaces in areas where the extraction of planes was not successful. Combined with segment merging and majority filtering large segments can be obtained allowing the derivation of accurate segment feature values. Results are presented and discussed for a 70 million point dataset over a part of Rotterdam.
Investigation on synchronous reluctance machines with different rotor topologies and winding configurations

This study investigates the influence of rotor topologies and winding configurations on the electromagnetic performance of three-phase synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM) with different slot/pole number combinations, e.g. 12-slot/4-pole and 12-slot/8-pole. Transversally laminated synchronous reluctance rotors with both round flux barrier and angled flux barrier have been considered, as well as the doubly salient (DS) rotor as that used in switched reluctance machines. Both concentrated and distributed winding configurations are accounted for, i.e. single-layer and double-layer conventional and mutually coupled windings, as well as fully pitched winding. The machine performance in terms of d - and q -axis inductances, on-load torque, copper loss, and iron loss have been investigated using 2D finite-element analysis. With appropriate rotor topology, 12-slot/4-pole and 12-slot/8-pole machines with fully pitched and double-layer mutually coupled windings can achieve similar torque capacity, which are higher than the machines with other winding configurations. In addition, the synchronous reluctance machine with round flux barrier can have lower iron loss than DS reluctance machine under different working conditions. The prototypes of 12-slot/8-pole single layer and double layer, DS SynRM have been built to validate the predictions in terms of inductances and torques.
Use of biochemical indices as selection criteria for improvement in quality traits of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea l.)

White-berry mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. album), is a hemiparasitic plant locally called as ‘banada’, ‘kaw-khoor’ or ‘nal kachud’, occurring specifically on walnut trees and rarely on Populus trees mostly in foot hill areas in Kashmir. In the former host it grows mostly on outer branches of the tree crown while in the later case it often grows directly on the tree trunk. We found heavy mistletoe occurrence specifically on isolated walnut trees, mainly on the outer branch­es of tree crowns. The shrub is used in wound healing, rheumatism and as a laxative in traditional medicine. Farmers in some study areas use it for feeding livestock including cattle and sheep, especially during winters, when no green fodder is available; it attracts farmers and their livestock.
Replacing the ‘View from Nowhere’: A Pragmatist-Feminist Science Classroom.

Despite the importance of having an appropriate, coherent, and defensible philosophy of science, many science teachers have either given this part of their profession little thought or adhere to problematic and outdated philosophies. This article begins by tracing a brief history of the "view from nowhere" and its adoption by many teachers as the epistemological framework for teaching science. This conception of objectivity and its corresponding philosophy of science are shown to be problematically masculinist, disembodied, and aperspectival. Within this discussion, a new notion of pragmatist-feminist objectivity, as the socially conscious intersection of multiple and diverse perspectives in regard to the lived world, is developed. Finally, suggestions are offered on how this type of objectivity and larger understanding of science could be used in both the pedagogy and curriculum of the science classroom.
Identifying Twitter Spam by Utilizing Random Forests

The use of Twitter has rapidly grown since the first tweet in 2006. The number of spammers on Twitter shows a similar increase. Classifying users into spammers and nonspammers has been heavily researched, and new methods for spam detection are developing rapidly. One of these classification techniques is known as random forests. We examine three studies that employ random forests using user based features, geo-tagged features, and time dependent features. Each study showed high accuracy rates and F-measures with the exception of one model that had a test set with a more realistic proportion of spam relative to typical testing procedures. These studies suggest that random forests, in combination with unique feature selection can be used to identify spam and spammers with high accuracy but may have shortcomings when applied to real world situations.
Benevolent leadership and its organisational outcomes: a social exchange theory perspective

This study examines the relationship between benevolent leadership and employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour with organisational commitment as a mediator. Social exchange theory is applied in supporting the proposed relationship. A total of 163 employees from four- and fivestar hotels in the Klang Valley participated in the questionnaire survey. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to analyze the data and test the four hypotheses in this study. The empirical results show that there is a full mediation effect of organisational commitment on the relationship between benevolent leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are suggested.
A Mixed Methods Research Approach to Exploring Teacher Participation in an Online Social Networking Website

Social networks are becoming very prominent in educational discourse. The discourse centers on the role of social media and its utility in the teaching and learning environment. Several arguments have been made to support its use because they are highly collaborative, easily accessible, and provide opportunities to embed a variety of Web 2.0 tools such as blogs, wikis, and online chats. However, there is a dearth in research on teacher use of educational social networking sites (SNS) in Trinidad and Tobago. The purpose of this study was to explore how 35 secondary school teachers in Trinidad and Tobago participated in an educational online social networking site. This study utilized a mixed methods exploratory approach and allowed for the use of online data capture together with questionnaires and interviews. Combined data analysis revealed five different levels of site participation, with most teachers adopting the role of content consumer rather than of content producer. Barriers to participation were time, motivation, technology, and usability. The designed social networking site allowed teachers to make public their discourse on their practice while connecting with colleagues from other schools. The study was qualitative dominant, with the mixed methods research approach allowing for deeper exploration of teachers’ participation on this social networking website, and was justified by the newness and transient nature of data from social networking websites.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Relationships between precipitation and floods in the fluvial basins of Central Spain based on documentary sources from the end of the 16 th century

This study presents the results of a historic reconstruction based upon documentary sources of precipitation and floods during the last fifty years of the 16th century in Central Spain. We used data from primary sources contemporary to the events rather than compilations or secondary references. These documents belong to the institutions that administered the study area during the time period of interest and consist of municipal or monastic minute books and administrative texts from properties belonging to the nobility and royal family. Direct data that explicitly describe meteorological or flood-related events are haphazardly distributed throughout personal correspondence and various reports, and the sizes of floods or precipitation events can also be deduced from indirect data. We analysed the qualitative data by transforming them into numerical indices of intensity/duration for precipitation and intensity/area for floods. We differentiated three sets of years that presented different hydrological patterns. The first period, from 1554 to 1575, exhibited regular precipitation patterns associated with low-intensity floods. The second, from 1576 to 1584, was characterised by low precipitation levels and few floods. The third, from 1585 to 1599, showed intense precipitation with large floods interspersed with long-lasting droughts. We interpret these results in the context of the environmental and land-use patterns of the time period studied, which coincided with a period of low temperatures.
High-pressure crystal chemistry of binary intermetallic compounds

Abstract Effects of high pressure on intermetallic compounds are reviewed with regards to structural stability and phase transitions. Changes of bonding properties and electronic structure are examplified by means of the elemental metals caesium and titanium, the latter forming an internal intermetallic compound at high pressures. After a short systematic overview regarding pressure effects, structural transformations in selected classes of intermetallic compounds like Zintl phases and AlB2-type arrangements precedes sections concerning high-pressure synthesis of Laves phases and intermetallic clathrates.
Hypoglycemic Effects of Nigella Sativa Extract and Endurance Training in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

iabetes is a common disease and its prevalence rate is rapidly increasing (1). Diabetes is a chronic disease due to lack of insulin or reduced insulin function, which causes increased blood glucose levels and metabolic disorders (2). Increased levels of glucose over time have adverse effects on small and large vessels. Therefore, control of blood glucose levels of diabetic patients at the appropriate level can be a valuable role in diabetes induced mortality. The aim of all antidiabetic treatments is to improve the control of blood glucose levels and maintain the health and reduce the potential complications of diabetes (3). Though, at present original and effective treatment for diabetes mellitus is using insulin and blood glucose-lowering agents, However these agents have undesirable effects, such as increased fat reserves, atrophy of adipose tissue at the injection site and hypoglycemia shocks and in long-term do not have effect on debilitating side effects of D 1. Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran. 2. Department of Sport Physiology, Larestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Larestan, Iran.
GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN PREPUBERTAL BOVINE MAMMARY PARENCHYMA AND EPITHELIAL CELLS IN RESPONSE TO OVARIECTOMY

This study was carried out to compare the expression profile of steroid receptors and selected genes associated with cell signaling and proliferation in Mammary parenchyma (PAR) homogenates compared with mammary epithelial cells (MEC) in response to ovariectomy. Prepubertal dairy heifers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments, ovariectomized (n = 7) or sham operated (n = 12) and tissues were harvested 30 d after surgery. Parenchymal samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for total RNA isolation. Samples of MEC were prepared from cryosections of parenchymal tissues using laser assisted microdissection and capture. Coupling two precise technologies like laser capture microdissection and quantitative realtime PCR enabled measurement of transcript abundance in MEC even at a very low level. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure of SAS and significance was declared at P d” 0.05. The data strongly indicate a disparity in the response to ovariectomy between MEC and PAR tissue and suggest that ovariectomy very strongly impacted the non-epithelial cells in the PAR rather than the MEC themselves.
A Survey on PARATREE and SUSVD Decomposition Techniques and Their Use in Array Signal Processing

The present manuscript is intended to review few applications of tensor decomposition model in array signal processing. Tensor decomposition models like HOSVD, SVD and PARAFAC are useful in signal processing. In this paper we shall use higher order tensor decomposition in signal processing. Also, a novel orthogonal non-iterative tensor decomposition technique (SUSVD), which is scalable to arbitrary high dimensional tensor, has been applied in MIMO channel estimation. The SUSVD provides a tensor model with hierarchical tree structure between the factors in different dimensions. We shall use a new model known as PARATREE, which is related to PARAFAC tensor models. The PARAFAC and PARATREE both describe a tensor as a sum of rank-1 tensors, but PARATREE has several advantages over PARAFAC, when it is applied as a lower rank approximation technique. PARATREE is orthogonal, fast and reliable to compute, and the order of the decomposition can be adaptively adjusted. The low rank PARATREE approximation has been applied to measure noise suppression for tensor valued MIMO channel sounding measurements.
Effects of body size on male mating tactics and paternity in black bears, Ursus americanus

The reproductive behaviour of large, solitary mammals is difficult to study. Owing to their secretive nature and wide-ranging habits, aspects of male mating behaviour are poorly documented in solitary than in social species. We used radiotelemetry and microsatellite DNA analysis to investigate the influence of body size on male mating tac- tics and short-term reproductive success in the black bear, Ursus americanus, a solitary carnivore. We investigated male ranging behaviour and documented male encounters with breeding females to determine whether males employed con- ditional mating tactics according to their body sizes. We found that male home-range sizes were not positively associ - ated with body size, but encounter rates with breeding females were. Although all males searched widely for females, mating access appeared to be largely determined by fighting ability. Large males encountered more breeding females and had more frequent encounters during the females' estimated receptive periods than did small- and medium-sized males. Paternity was highly skewed toward the three dominant males who fathered 91% of the cubs sampled during the 3-year study. Paternity was correlated with the frequency of male encounters during female receptive periods. Male en- counters, however, overestimated the success of medium-sized males and underestimated the overall variance in male reproductive success. Multiple paternity occurred in two of seven litters, indicating that sperm competition is important in black bear mating behaviour. Implications for male lifetime reproductive success are discussed.