Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium , falciparum , multiplicity of infection , allele , msp 2 , Sudan

Malaria is a major health problem, with over one third of Background worldwide populations currently at risk. Determining the genetic diversity of plasmodium parasites is essential for assessing the efficacy of antimalarial drugs and for future vaccine development. This study investigated the genetic diversity of merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2), and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection (MOI) in different geographic regions in Sudan. : A total of 271 patients with uncomplicated malaria were recruited Methods from four ecological sites during malaria transmission season, 2011-2013. P. was confirmed using species specific primers targeting the rDNA falciparum gene. All positive samples were genotyped for the major MSP2 P. falciparum allelic families (IC1/3D7 and FC27 MSP2 allele) using nested PCR. Multiplicity of infection and allele frequencies were determined. : A total of 241 samples (88.9%) were confirmed positive for Results P. . The number of different alleles were 14, 15, 13 and 12 in falciparum MSP2 Khartoum, Gezira, River Nile and Red Sea states, respectively. The 3D7 allelic family was more prevalent in the states of Khartoum, Gezira, River Nile and Red Sea compared to the FC27 allelic family. Multiclonal infections were observed in 25.8% of patients, with a mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.45. MOIs were highest in the age group over 40, with an average of 2 and 1.68 in Khartoum and Gezira states, respectively, however MOIs in River Nile and Red Sea states were higher in age groups below 18, with an average of 1.37 and 1.33, respectively. : MSP2 allelic genotyping revealed MOI and diversity of the Conclusions Sudanese isolates. The results of our study are expected to P. falciparum influence current and future malaria control strategies, since the MOI predicts development of clinical malaria and subsequent efficacy of antimalarial treatment. 1,2 1 3
Nonlinear Relationships between Taiwan VIX Index and the Intraday Ordering Behavior of Stock Index Options

Threshold vector error correction model is used to study the nonlinear relationships between market volatility expectations and ordering behavior. Futures price, market volatility expectations, and derivatives ordering behavior data are used in the study. The intraday data of the VIX index, stock index futures price, and stock index options ordering volume from the Taiwan Futures Exchange are used for the study. Research results show the existence of asymmetric impacts of lagged VIX index on futures price, lagged VIX index on put options buy order to sell order volume ratio, lagged futures price on VIX index, lagged call options buy order to sell order volume ratio on VIX index, and lagged put options buy order to sell order volume ratio on VIX index when using VIX index as threshold.
Effective Roughness Height in High-Concentrated Flows

ABSTRACT Fang, J.Y. ; Chen, Y.P.; Yao, P., and Su, M. , 2016. Effective Roughness Height in High-Concentrated Flows. In: Vila-Concejo, A. ; Bruce, E. ; Kennedy, D.M. , and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 33–37. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The effective roughness height is an important parameter in coastal sediment transport models. It has been extensively investigated in the past but few research results are related to the high-concentrated flows which often occur in a silty coast. A series of experiments has been carried out in a wave-current flume with silt-sized sediment bed. The mean velocity profiles were measured under different combined wave-current conditions. The effective roughness heights were calculated based on the curve fitting of measured velocity profiles by following the velocity profile model of You (1994). The accuracy of three empirical models, namely, Grant and Madsen (1982), Li and Amos (1998) and You (1996) was examined with the ‘measured’ effective roughness heights. The results show that all the models are not much accurate for the high-concentrated flows, particularly in the case with a relatively small sediment size. Therefore, cautions should be taken when applying those models in the silty coast, particularly during the extreme events.
Recent Developments on Wireless Sensor Networks Technology for Bridge Health Monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have shown great potential to sense the responses of a bridge system, diagnose the current structural conditions, predict the expected future performance, provide information for maintenance, and validate design hypotheses. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that have the benefits of reducing implementation costs of SHM systems as well as improving data processing efficiency become an attractive alternative to traditional tethered sensor systems. This paper introduces recent technology developments in the field of bridge health monitoring using WSNs. As a special application of WSNs, the requirements and characteristics of WSNs when used for bridge health monitoring are firstly briefly discussed. Then, the state of the art in WSNs-based bridge health monitoring systems is reviewed including wireless sensor, network topology, data processing technology, power management, and time synchronization. Following that, the performance validations and applications of WSNs in bridge health monitoring through scale models and field deployment are presented. Finally, some existing problems and promising research efforts for promoting applications of WSNs technology in bridge health monitoring throughout the world are explored.
PROFILING MICRO RNAs AND THEIR TARGETS IN RADISH (RAPHANUS SATIVUS L.)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-protein coding and negative regulatory RNAs approximately 21 nucleotides in length. The comparative genomic methodology due to their conserved nature is a reasonable approach for the novel miRNAs discovery. In this research, total 25 novel miRNAs from 18 families (ras-miR-156, 160, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 319, 399, 408, 413, 414, 841, 1310, 2936, 5030 and 5661) are identified in an important vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The 25 miRNA precursor sequences showed secondary structures with the mature miRNAs in the stem region. Total 42 putative targets are also identified for the novel 25 radish miRNAs. These findings suggest that more thorough understanding of the function of such miRNAs will help to unravel the mysteries role in plant biology.
Bone-seed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera) invasion effects on native regeneration in New Zealand coastal plant communities.

Bone-seed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (L.), is an environmental weed of coastal vegetation communities scattered throughout New Zealand. To assess the long-term implications for native forest regeneration in sites where bone-seed is present, we selected four study sites around Wellington, New Zealand, where bone-seed was abundant. We compared seed bank composition in bone-seed-invaded sites with nearby native forest patches, and monitored bone-seed and native seedling recruitment with and without control of mature bone-seed plants. We also tested the potential effects of fire on bone-seed recruitment in these communities by heating seeds prior to germination. Bone-seed, gorse (Ulex europaeus), and native species emerged from seed bank samples taken from bone-seed-invaded sites, but only native species and (less) gorse emerged from seed bank samples taken from native forest patches. Gorse germination was strongly promoted by heat but bone-seed germination was less affected by heat. Bone-seed seedling abundance increased dramatically following canopy removal, whereas native seedling abundance decreased dramatically. This suggests that disturbance of any form is likely to favour recruitment of bone- seed (and gorse) over native species, although in the long term, native seedlings can establish beneath the canopy of mature bone-seed plants. It is not yet known if, in the absence of further disturbance, regenerating native vegetation will eventually replace bone-seed in New Zealand.
Overcoming the Forecast Combination Puzzle: Lessons from the Time-Varying Efficiency of Phillips Curve Forecasts of U.S. Inflation

This paper proposes a new dynamic forecast combination strategy for forecasting inﬂation. The procedure draws on explanations of why the forecast combination puzzle exists and the stylized fact that Phillips curve forecasts of inﬂation exhibit signiﬁcant time-variation in forecast accuracy. The forecast combination puzzle is the empirical observation that a simple average of point forecasts is often the best forecasting strategy. The forecast combination puzzle exists because many dynamic weighting strategies tend to shift weights toward Phillips curve forecasts after they exhibit a signiﬁcant period of relative forecast improvement, which is often when their forecast accuracy begins to deteriorate. The proposed strategy in this paper weights forecasts according to their expected performance rather than their past performance to anticipate these changes in forecast accuracy. The forward-looking approach is shown to robustly beat equal weights combined and benchmark univariate forecasts of inﬂation in real-time out-of-sample exercises on U.S. and New Zealand inﬂation data.
Vibration and Electrical Interference Removal for Improved Bearing Fault Diagnosis

The bearing vibration signal contains important information for bearing health assessment. However, the measured signal is often heavily clouded by various noises due to the compounded effect of interferences of other machine elements and background noises. Therefore, reliable condition monitoring would not be possible without proper de-noising. This paper presents a new de-noising scheme to enhance the vibration signals acquired from faulty bearings. This de-noising scheme features a spectral subtraction to trim down the in-band noise prior to wavelet filtering. The Gabor wavelet is used in the wavelet transform and its parameters, i.e., scale and shape factor are selected in separate steps. The proper scale is found based on a novel resonance estimation algorithm. The shape factor value is then selected by minimizing a smoothness index. De-noising results are presented for experimental data acquired from a faulty bearing with defective outer race.
Continued fraction representation of the Fermi-Dirac function for large-scale electronic structure calculations

An efficient and accurate contour integration method is presented for large-scale electronic structure calculations based on the Green function. By introducing a continued fraction representation of the Fermi-Dirac function derived from a hypergeometric function, the Matsubara summation is generalized with respect to distribution of poles so that the integration of the Green function can converge rapidly. Numerical illustrations, evaluation of the density matrix for a simple model Green function and a total energy calculation for aluminum bulk within density functional theory, clearly show that the method provides remarkable convergence with a small number of poles, indicating that the method can be applied to not only the electronic structure calculations, but also a wide variety of problems.
Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Affecting Factors, Education and Intervention

Overweight and obesity is a global epidemic among children of all ages. Pre- and primary school children who are overweight and obese are more likely to continue to be obese as adolescents and adults, as well as stand at an increased risk for poor health outcomes associated with excess weight. While the central physical cause of overweightness and obesity is the imbalance of energy intake from food and energy expended through physical activity, excess weight is also caused by a number of other contributory factors including personal, social, and environmental influences. Among school-aged children, there seems to be substantial interest and resources currently being devoted to primary and secondary prevention, though intervention studies have yielded somewhat mixed results. Education, interventions, and evaluations of the effectiveness and outcomes of new initiatives aiming to reduce childhood overweight and obesity are needed to recommend future programs with the greatest likelihood of success.
Complementary description of the genus Manohyphella Allen, 1973 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae), with some comments on its ecology in the Andasibe area (East Coast, Madagascar)

Based on a large collection of material from the East Coast of Madagascar, we redescribe the endemic genus and species Manohyphellakeiseri Allen, 1973. The male imago is described for the first time and details on the nymphal stage is provided, especially on the gill formula. The species Manohyphellaanimosa McCafferty & Benstead, 2002 and Manohyphellasphyxia McCafferty & Benstead, 2002 are considered as subjective junior synonyms of Manohyphellakeiseri Allen, 1973. Notes on the life cycle of the species in the Andasibe area is presented, as well as data about the density of the populations. Manohyphellakeiseri is an inhabitant of pristine running waters in rainforests and is therefore a good indicator for habitat quality.
Determinants of Capital Structuring: An Empirical Study of Growth and Financing Behavior of Firms of Textile Sector in Pakistan

Purpose- Purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of optimal capital structuring that affect growth and financing behavior of textile sector firms in Pakistan keeping in view the important role capital structuring plays in any firm's financial management decisions and the positive contribution it makes to the creation of firms' value and profitability. Methodology/sample- Size of the firm (capital), profitability, fixed assets structure and taxes were used as control variables to investigate the determinants of optimal capital structuring of textiles companies. A sample size of 90 textile companies across the country was selected and their data for the 2005 – 2010 periods was used. The determinants of optimal capital structure were examined using correlation and regression analyses. F-value was calculated to test the fitness of overall model. Findings- Results of the study showed a negative relationship between dependent variable financial leverage and independent variables. The statistical analysis of spinning and composite unit also showed consistency of results with the overall textile sector but outcome of weaving unit showed a significantly positive relationship between dependent and independent variables. Practical Implications- The findings enhance the knowledge base of determinants optimal capital structure and are likely to help companies take effective decision related to capital structure needs. Furthermore, the study is likely to help the decision makers better adjust themselves towards adopting and considering proficient ways of managing capital structure of a firm.
APPLYING CONTENT SIMILARITY METRICS TO CORPUS DATA: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATIVE AND NON‐NATIVE SPEAKER RESPONSES TO A TOEFL® INTEGRATED WRITING PROMPT

For many purposes, it is useful to collect a corpus of texts all produced to the same stimulus, whether to measure performance (as on a test) or to test hypotheses about population differences. This paper examines several methods for measuring similarities in phrasing and content and demonstrates that these methods can be used to identify population differences between native and non-native speakers of English in a writing task.
Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Paddy Soil

Fertilizer management has the potential to promote the storage of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils and thus may contribute to crop sustainability and mitigation of global warming. In this study, the effects of fertilizer practices [no fertilizer (Control), chemical fertilizer (NPK), Compost, and chemical fertilizer plus compost] on soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in inner soil profiles of paddy soil at 0-60 cm depth were examined by using long-term field experimental site at 42 nd years after installation. TC and TN concentrations of the treatments which included N input (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) in plow layer (0-15cm) ranged from 19.0 to 26.4 g kg -1 and 2.15 to 2.53 g kg -1 , respectively. Compared with control treatment, SOC (soil organic C) and TN concentrations were increased by 24.1 and 31.0%, 57.6 and 49.7%, and 72.2 and 54.5% for NPK, Compost, and NPK+Compost, respectively. However, long term fertilization significantly influenced TC concentration and pools to 30 cm depth. TC and TN pools for NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost in 0-30 cm depth ranged from 44.8 to 56.8 Mg ha -1 and 5.78 to 6.49 Mg ha -1 , respectively. TC and TN pools were greater by 10.5 and 21.4%, 30.3 and 29.6%, and 39.9 and 36.3% in N input treatments (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) than in control treatment. These resulted from the formation and stability of aggregate in paddy soil with continuous mono rice cultivation. Therefore, fertilization practice could contribute to the storage of C and N in paddy soil, especially, organic amendments with chemical fertilizers may be alternative practices to sequester carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soil.
Knowing as Holistic Experience: A Challenge to Plato from Jungian Sandplay

Plato’s suggestion that pure knowledge, described in his theory of Forms as the archetypal basis of reality, is questioned using the sequence from the key session of a Jungian Sandplay therapy case as an example of direct human experience of the archetype. As was recognized by Jung, a parallel may be drawn between Jungian archetypes and Platonic Forms in that both are primary structures contained and manifested in the phenomenal world. In Sandplay, a patient unable to transcend her quandary through reason is able to find relief from the tension of the arguing opposites within her when she creates an image with her hands, in a state of reverie, responding to an internal impetus governed not by reason alone but by spontaneous, nonverbal sensory experience. The image she creates in this way brings her into a deep relationship with herself and marks the beginning of a newly forming selfconfidence that guides her. This example illustrates the holistic nature of human experience and change processes, in therapy or in any learning context.
Incorporating Knowledge Base in Unsupervised Approach of Word Sense Disambiguation of Malay Documents

The problem of ambiguity in a text document or query is among the issues found in information retrieval. This problem occurs when a word has more than one meaning. The presence of ambiguity in a text or query will have a negative impact to the information retrieval process and the query expansion process. Addition of supplementary keywords in the query expansion process would be inaccurate without identifying the exact sense of the word. Ambiguous terms need to be disambiguated to avoid this problem. The process of identifying the proper sense is known as word sense disambiguation (WSD). The study of word sense disambiguation in text documents have been carried out by researchers worldwide. However, a study on this issue in the Malay language context is still insufficient. The proposed method is an adaptation of a famous unsupervised and knowledge-based method.
Simulation of the Indian monsoon and its variability during the last millennium

Abstract. The general circulation model ECHAM5 has been used to simulate the Indian monsoon and its variability during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP; 900–1100 AD), the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1515–1715 AD) and for recent climate (REC; 1800–2000 AD). The focus is on the analysis of external drivers and internal feedbacks leading to extreme rainfall events over India from interannual to multidecadal time scale. An evaluation of spatiotemporal monsoon patterns with present-day observation data is in agreement with other state-of-the-art monsoon modeling studies. The simulated monsoon intensity on multidecadal time scale is weakened (enhanced) in summer (winter) due to colder (warmer) SSTs in the Indian Ocean. Variations in solar insolation are the main drivers for these SST anomalies, verified by very strong temporal anticorrelations between Total Solar Irradiance and All-India-Monsoon-Rainfall in summer monsoon months. The external solar forcing is coupled and overlain by internal climate modes of the ocean (ENSO and IOD) with asynchronous intensities and lengths of periods. In addition, the model simulations have been compared with a relative moisture index derived from paleoclimatic reconstructions based on various proxies and archives in India. In this context, the Lonar record in Central India has been highlighted and evaluated the first time. The simulated relative annual rainfall anomalies in comparison to present-day climate are in agreement (disagreement) with the reconstructed moisture index for MWP (LIA) climate. In order to investigate the interannual monsoon variability with respect to monsoon failures, dry summer monsoon composites for 30-yr-long periods of MWP, LIA and REC have been further analysed. Within dry years of LIA, the summer rainfall over India and surrounding oceans is less than in MWP indicating stronger drying conditions due to a stronger summer solar insolation forcing coupled with variations in ENSO. To quantify the ECHAM5 simulated long-term drought conditions within Monsoon Asia, the Palmer Drought Severity Index has been additionally estimated for recent climate showing strong pattern correlation between global SST anomalies and EOF variability signal of the drought index, whereas the temporal relationship is weak.
Application of Interpersonal Meaning in Hillary’s and Trump’s Election Speeches

Presidential election speeches, as one significant part of western political life, deserve people’s attention. This paper focuses on the use of interpersonal meaning in political speeches. The nine texts selected from the Internet are analyzed from the perspectives of mood, modality, personal pronoun and tense system based on the theory of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar. It aims to study the way how interpersonal meaning is realized through language by making the contrastive analysis of the speeches given by Hillary and Trump. After making a minute analysis, the paper comes to the following conclusions: (1) As for mood, Trump and Hillary mainly employ the declarative to deliver messages and make statements, and imperative is used to motivate the audiences and narrow the gap between the candidates and the audiences, and interrogative is to make the audiences concentrate on the content of the speeches. (2) With respect to the modality system, the median modal operator holds the dominant position in both Trump’s and Hillary’s speeches to make the speeches less aggressive. In this aspect, Trump does better than Hillary. (3) In regard to personal pronoun, the plural form of first personal pronoun is mainly employed by the two candidates to close the relationship with audiences. (4) Regards to tense system, simple present tense are mostly used to establish the intimacy of the audiences and the candidates. Then two influential factors are discussed. One is their personal background and the other is their language levels. This paper is helpful for people to deeply understand the two candidates’ language differences.