Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Religious Nationalism and Perceptions of Muslims and Islam

Abstract We test for relationships between anti-Muslim attitudes and opinion and competing religious identity and religious belief variables in an evangelical Christian constituency. Original survey data from a statewide sample of 508 likely voters in Oklahoma are subjected to a robust regression analysis to determine (1) indicators of holding Christian nationalist beliefs and (2) the relationship between belief measures of Christian nationalism, evangelical Christian identity, and subsequent anti-Muslim sentiment. Christian nationalism is more prevalent among self-identified evangelicals. Christian nationalist beliefs and strong belief in Biblical literalism are significantly related to negative and restrictive views of Muslims. Anti-Muslim sentiments in the form of general disapproval and the desire to limit Muslim worship are shaped more by beliefs than identities or behaviors. Evangelical self-identification does not help us disentangle domestic opinion regarding Muslims as well as measures that disentangle beliefs from identity.
Political uncertainty and economic underdevelopment

Political instability has been emphasized as a major source of uncertainty in Latin America. However,arbitrariness, i.e. the lack of constraints on the government, can also be seen as a major source of uncertainty in developing countries. Two dimensions of political uncertainty are thus distinguished, instability and arbitrariness. Empirically, low polity persistence is used for political instability, and low political constraints are used for arbitrariness. Unlike the usual approach in the literature, I relate this specific measure of political uncertainty to income per capita, rather than growth. The reason to explore this link is that if uncertainty leads to high interest rates, both capital and income per capita should be low. The conjecture that steady state income is lower with high political uncertainty leads to focus on its two dimensions. The data indeed suggest a strong positive relationship of political certainty, i.e. the combination of political constraints and polity persistence, with
Divergent Opinions in the Pre-Issue Market and the Pricing of Initial Public Offerings

Investors in an initial public offering (IPO) face a lack-of-information problem: They have to guess the new stock's aftermarket price. This problem poses a risk when there is no consensus in investors' pre-issue opinions, and the risk is greater when the opinions are more divergent. We model this lack-of-information problem in an IPO, where, to place a certain number of the shares, the issuer adjusts the offer price to accommodate the difference in the demand between the pre-issue market and the aftermarket. By examining a large sample of IPOs, we obtain evidence in strong support of the model's predictions for IPO underpricing and sales.
Adaptation of the timing of bud burst of Norway spruce to temperate and boreal climates

The adaptation of the annual cycle of development of boreal and temperate trees to climatic conditions has been seen as a result of stabilizing selection caused by two opposite driving forces of natural selection, i.e. the tolerance of unfavorable conditions during the frost exposed season (survival adaptation) and the effective use of growth resources during the growing season (capacity adaptation). In this study, two theories of the effects of climate on the adaptation of the timing of bud burst of trees were evaluated. This was done with computer simulations by applying a temperature sum model for predicting the timing of bud burst of different Norway spruce genotypes on the basis of air temperature data from various climatic conditions. High geographical variation in the temperature response of bud burst, typical for Norway spruce, was included in the theoretical analyses. The average timing of bud burst and the corresponding risk of occurrence of damaging frost during the susceptible period after bud burst were calculated for each genotype in each climate. Two contrasting theories of the stabilizing selection were evaluated, i.e. the overall adaptedness of each genotype was evaluated either 1) by assuming a fi xed threshold for the risk of frost damage, or 2) by assuming a tradeoff between the risk of frost damage and the length of the growing season. The tradeoff assumption produced predictions of between provenance variation in bud burst which correspond more closely with empirical observations available in literature, compared to the fi xed threshold assumption.
Carbon flux to woody tissues in a beech/spruce forest during summer and in response to chronic O 3 exposure

Abstract. The present study compares the dynamics in carbon (C) allocation of adult deciduous beech (Fagus sylvatica) and evergreen spruce (Picea abies) during summer and in response to seven-year-long exposure with twice-ambient ozone (O3) concentrations (2 × O3). Focus was on the respiratory turn-over and translocation of recent photosynthates at various positions along the stems, coarse roots and soils. The hypotheses tested were that (1) 2 × O3 decreases the allocation of recent photosynthates to CO2 efflux of stems and coarse roots of adult trees, and that (2) according to their different O3 sensitivities this effect is stronger in beech than in spruce. Labeling of whole tree canopies was applied by releasing 13C depleted CO2 (δ13C of −46.9‰) using a free-air stable carbon isotope approach. Canopy air δ13C was reduced for about 2.5 weeks by ca. 8‰ in beech and 6‰ in spruce while the increase in CO2 concentration was limited to about 110 μl l−1 and 80 μl l−1, respectively. At the end of the labeling period, δ13C of stem CO2 efflux and phloem sugars was reduced to a similar extend by ca. 3–4‰ (beech) and ca. 2–3‰ (spruce). The fraction of labeled C (fE,new) in stem CO2 efflux amounted to 0.3 to 0.4, indicating slow C turnover of the respiratory supply system in both species. Elevated O3 slightly stimulated the allocation of recently fixed photosynthates to stem and coarse root respiration in spruce (rejection of hypothesis I for spruce), but resulted in a significant reduction in C flux in beech (acceptance of hypotheses I and II). The distinct decrease in C allocation to beech stems indicates the potential of chronic O3 stress to substantially mitigate the C sink strength of trees on the long-term scale.
Ammonia in the hot core W 51-IRS2: 11 new maser lines and a maser component with a velocity drift

With the 100-m telescope at Effelsberg, 19 ammonia (NH3) maser lines have been detected toward the prominent massive star forming region W51-IRS2. Eleven of these inversion lines, the (J, K) = (6, 2), (5, 3), (7, 4), (8, 5), (7, 6), (7, 7), (9, 7), (10, 7), (9, 9), (10, 9), and (12, 12) transitions, are classified as masers for the first time in outer space. All detected masers are related to highly excited inversion doublets. The (5, 4) maser originates from an inversion doublet ∼340 K above the ground state, while the (12, 12) transition, at ∼1450 K, is the most highly excited NH3 maser line so far known. Strong variability is seen not only in ortho- but also in para-NH3 transitions. Bright narrow emission features are observed, for the first time, in (mostly) ortho-ammonia transitions, atVLSR ∼ 45 km s −1 , well separated from the quasi-thermal emission near 60 km s −1 . These features were absent ∼25 years ago and show a velocity drift of about +0.2 km s −1 yr −1 . The component is likely related to the SiO maser source in W51-IRS2 and a possible scenario explaining the velocity drift is outlined. The 57 km s −1 component of the (9, 6) maser line is found to be strongly linearly polarised. Maser emission in the (J, K )t o (J + 1, K) inversion doublets is strictly forbidden by selection rules for electric dipole transitions in the ground vibrational state. However, such pairs (and even triplets with (J + 2, K)) are common toward W51-IRS2. Similarities in line widths and velocities indicate that such groups of maser lines arise from the same regions, which can be explained by pumping through vibrational excitation. The large number of NH3 maser lines in W51-IRS2 is most likely related to the exceptionally high kinetic temperature and NH3 column density of this young massive star forming region.
Chemical Stabilization Features of Ladle Furnace Slag in Ferrous Metallurgy

Nowadays due to the application expansion of secondary steel processing methods, which provide high-degree metal desulfurization, a problem of the ladle furnace slag (or high-calcium refining slag) stabilization arose in the ferrous metallurgy. This slag cannot be stabilized because of its self-disintegrating properties [1]. It is known that this kind of disintegration is driven by the presence of dicalcium silicate (belite, or 2CaO⋅SiO2, or C2S) in the refining slag. Approximately 80% particles of disintegrated slag have grain sizes less than 30 μm. Such particles are easily aerated and carried by the wind for long distances; they pollute soils, dissolve in ground, sedimentary and sewage waters. However, it is noted in [2–5] that there are four known widespread ways to prevent decomposition of secondary steel processing slags.
Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages in three small unpolluted estuarine rivers and associated lagoons in Kouchibouguac National Park, southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Estuaries have among the highest primary production rates of ocean waters and provide essential habitat for many organisms. Recognition of the need to conserve these critical habitats is coupled with the need for baseline data to allow assessment of ecosystem changes. This study compares natural variations in, and correlations between, the composition of fish assemblages and environmental factors at several sites over two years in three rivers emptying into estuaries in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Fish diversity and abundance were determined by beach seining and related to water temperature, salinity, substrate, and vegetation. From May to September 2000 (14 sites) and May to August 2001 (15 sites), 20 fish species were collected, seven of which accounted for 98% of the total catch. The dominant species, Mummichog ( Fundulus heteroclitus ), represented 44% of the catch. Its abundance and that of the other dominant species — Threespine Stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) 16%, Blackspotted Stickleback ( G. wheatlandi ) 13%, Banded Killifish ( F. diaphanus ) 12%, Fourspine Stickleback ( Apeltes quadracus ) 7%, Atlantic Silverside ( Menidia menidia ) 4%, and Ninespine Stickleback ( Pungitius pungitius ) 2% — differed significantly both spatially and temporally. Multidimensional scaling analysis showed a spatial gradient in abundance from upstream to lagoon sites and a temporal gradient from spring to fall. Upstream sites were low in salinity and had a higher organic content and a higher proportion of silt–clay in the sediment. Variation within fish populations was related to site and seasonal changes in environmental conditions and species’ tolerance of water temperature, salinity, vegetation coverage, and fine sediments.
MODULATORY ROLE OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA LEAVES EXTRACT ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS.

Current hypothesis favour the concept that lowering oxidative stress can have a health benefits. In this study modulatory effect of ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress as the experimental model. The oxidative stress rats were administered different doses (100, 200 and 400mg/ Kg BW) of Azima tetracantha leaves extract. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation in CCl4 – intoxicated rats was evidenced by a marked increment in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and also a distinct diminution in glutathione (GSH) content in the liver. In CCl4 + Azima tetracantha treated rats these biochemical parameters attained an almost normal as dose dependent manner. The decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non enzymatic antioxidant, such as glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E in CCl4 intoxicated rats were observed. On treatment with different doses (100, 200 and 400mg/ Kg BW) of Azima tetracantha leaves extract increased in the activity as dose dependent manner. Among the various doses, 400mg/kg has potential activity than other doses. From these results, it was suggested that lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress elicited by CCl4 intoxication had been nullified due to the effect of Azima tetracantha. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 10, 924-938. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author
Triggers Influencing the Decision to Exit

Whilst there are significant studies on business cessation (liquidations), there has been very little research focus on business exits or business harvesting. The aim of this research was to undertake an investigation into identifying factors that lead to owners making decisions to exit their businesses. This penchant to making an exit decision is expressed conceptually in the form of an ‘exit trigger’. The study concluded that exit triggers consisted of two groups of factors: ‘opportunities’ which referred to positive factors, and ‘challenges’ which referred to negative or pessimistic factors. These factors are able influence the exit decision in isolation, or more typically, as combinations of factors operating in sequence or simultaneously. Generally, challenge factors were more likely to influence owners, but occasionally the arrival of well-timed offers proved to be persuasive in influencing owners to exit.
Agencies in Technology Design: Feminist Reconfigurations*

In this chapter I consider some new resources for thinking about how capacities for action are configured at the human-machine interface, informed by developments in feminist science and technology studies. While not all of the authors and works cited would identify as feminist, they share with feminist research – in my reading at least – a commitment to critical, but also reconstructive engagement with received conceptions of the human, the technological and the relations between them. Based on my own experience of the worlds of technology research and development, I argue that these reconceptualisations have implications for everyday practices of technology design. Both reconceptualisations of the human-machine interface, moreover, and the practices of their realization are inflected by, and consequential for, gendered relations within technoscience and beyond. The ideas and examples that I discuss below are draw from science and technology studies (STS), feminist theory, new media studies and experiments in cooperative systems design, each of which is multiple and extensive in themselves and no one of which can be adequately represented here. My hope nonetheless is to trace out enough of the lines of resonant thought that run across these fields of research to indicate the fertility of the ground, specifically with respect to creative reconfigurations at the interface of human and machine. One of the issues at stake here is the question of what counts as ‘innovation’ in science and engineering. This in itself, I will propose, is a gendered question insofar as it aligns with the longstanding feminist concern with the problem of who is recognized and who not in prevailing discourses of science and technology (see for example Suchman and Jordan 1989). Recent research on the actual work involved in putting technologies into use highlights the mundane forms of inventive yet taken for granted labor, hidden in the background, that are necessary to the success of complex sociotechnical arrangements. A central strategy in recognizing those labors is to decenter sites of innovation from singular persons, places and things to multiple acts of everyday activity, including the actions through which only certain actors and associated achievements
Flexural behaviors analysis of ECC-RC composite beams reinforced with FRP bar based on OpenSees

Based on the finite element analysis software OpenSees, the flexural behaviors of ECC-RC composite beams reinforced with FRP bars is analyzed. The results show that cracking, yield and ultimate moment increase with the increasing of height replacement rate and the increasing rate slow down gradually. Yield and ultimate moment increase with the increasing of reinforcement ratio or reinforcement strength. The stiffness of ECC-RC composite beams reinforced with steel bars essentially unchanged after the cracking of ECC. Stiffness decreasing of ECC-RC composite beams reinforced with FRP bars is slower than RC beams reinforced with FRP bars after cracking.
A New Approach for Reconstructed B-spline Surface Approximating to Scattered Data Points

An algorithm for constructing B-spline surface approximating to scatted data points of artificial tooth is presented. Firstly, the scattered data points from the laser scanning equipment are regarded as input and the triangle mesh of artificial tooth are created by the circum-sphere criterion. Secondly, the vertices of the triangle mesh are mapped into a unit square of planar parameter domain by the mean value coordinate mapping. The triangle mesh parameterization can be solving a sparse linear system. Finally, the rule sampled points of the planar parameter domain are mapped into the triangle mesh in 3D space by the inverse mapping method. The rule sampled points on the triangle mesh in 3D space are accomplished and B-spline surface interpolating to them is constructed. Experiments show that our approach is effective to construct B-spline surface approximating to scattered data points of artificial tooth.
Breeding biology of Masked Boobies (Sula dactylatra tasmani) on Lord Howe Island, Australia

Abstract The breeding biology and reproductive output of a colony of Masked Boobies on Mutton Bird Point, Lord Howe Island, Australia, were studied during the 2001–02 breeding season. The colony produced a total of 200 clutches. Eggs were laid between 31 May and 15 September 2001, with 80% of clutches begun before 21 July. More than 90% of clutches consisted of two eggs, laid, on average, 5.3 days apart. Mean incubation period was 45 days. Where both eggs hatched, the later-hatched chick had to compete with an aggressive elder sibling of greater mass; consequently, it seldom survived longer than 1 week. Hatching success was 38% for single-egg clutches, 81% for two-egg clutches and 78% overall. For two-egg clutches, 13% of successful chicks hatched from the second egg. In keeping with the comparative mass of adults, eggs and chicks from Lord Howe Island were larger than those from any other Masked Booby population where measurements have been made. Chick mass increased steadily to reach a maximum of 2235 ± 292 g (equivalent to mean adult mass) at 11 weeks of age. Overall, fledging success was 65%, but was greatest for eggs laid early in the breeding season. There was no difference in fledging success between chicks that were handled weekly and those that were handled only once. Overall breeding success was 51%. Rats were not a significant predator of eggs or chicks, and no other predators or land-based threats were identified. Clutch-size indicated that, at the time of laying, the Masked Booby population on Lord Howe Island was well nourished, but decreasing rates of hatching and fledging success, and less than optimal growth rates of chicks, suggested food availability declined during the nesting period. Regurgitations indicated that flying fish were the main prey.
Analysis of the aerial application of fertilizer and dolomitic limestone

The paper evaluates the quality of revitalization treatments (fertilization and liming) carried out in selected areas within Forests of the Slovakia (state enterprise) during the year 2008. Revitalization treatments were carried out in declining Norway spruce forest stands in different site conditions. Full-scale aerial technology (helicopter and crop duster) was applied. The aim of the study was to find out the total amount and its variability of both fertilizers and dolomitic limestone after their application. The analyses revealed significant differences between the amount of fertilizer and dolomitic limestone which was applied to selected areas and the required amount (norm). As for fertilization, the largest difference was found in magnesium (Mg) on Saling area (the amount of magnesium reached only 7% ± 0.5 of the norm) and in zinc (Zn) on Ľadova area (only 8% ± 1 of the norm). The required amount according to the norm was approximately met in boron (B) on Ľadova area (65% ± 10 of the norm). Yet, a significantly lower amount of fertilizers than the required one was revealed on all selected areas. After the application of dolomitic limestone to Liptovska Teplicka area the significantly lower amount than the required one was found out (72% ± 12 of the norm). On the other hand, the significantly higher amount of dolomitic limestone than the required one was determined on Smolnik area (143% ± 27 of the norm). Results also show the huge spatial variability of both fertilizers and dolomitic limestone on all selected areas (from 40% up to 100% between collecting places, and up to almost 170% between collectors within the collecting places). Such high variability of applied fertilizers and dolomitic limestone and the lower total amount than the required one will influence the effect of revitalization treatments.
Profiling and segmentation of international tourists in India

Abstract Understanding visitors and the factors that pull them to visit a destination is imperative for successful branding as visitor characteristics and salient attributes are used to differentiate and position. This study identifies important attributes and segments of international tourists visiting India. Factor and Cluster analyses were used to analyse the data. Factor analysis identified six underlying dimensions while Cluster analysis identified four segments of international tourists across four continents. Profiling of clusters was done through Chi Square analysis leading to identification of target segments. Suggestions for branding and marketing strategies are provided according to the factors and segments identified.
Proximity Effects of Larger Resident Fishes on Recruitment of Age-0 Red Snapper in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Small artificial reefs (1.2 × 1.02 × 1.1 m) were placed near to (15 m; n = 20) and distant from (500 m; n = 20) larger artificial reefs (1.2 × 2.4 × 2.4 m; n = 20) in July 2008 and 2009, and each set of reefs (two small and one large) was placed 1.7 km apart at a site 28 km south of Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Divers used visual surveys to identify and count all fish present on the small reefs and estimated fish lengths in 25-mm categories during August 2008, August 2009, and September 2009. Significantly higher numbers of age-0 red snapper Lutjanus campechanus were detected on the small distant reefs (500 m) than on the small nearby (15 m) reefs in all surveys. In addition, significantly higher densities of rock sea bass Centropristis philadelphica and pygmy filefish Stephanolepis setifer were observed on the small distant reefs compared with the small nearby reefs in both August and September 2009. Mean species richness was significantly higher on the small distant .