Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First-order bistatic high-frequency radar ocean surface cross-section for an antenna on a floating platform

The first-order bistatic high-frequency radar cross-section of ocean surface is derived for the case of a fixed receiver and a floating, but tethered, transmitter. A general expression for the bistatically received first-order electric field is obtained from earlier work based on fixed antennas. A small displacement caused by the platform motion is added in the source term to modify the stationary antenna model. Based on the assumption that the ocean surface can be described as a Fourier series with coefficients being random variables, the first-order bistatic radar cross-section is derived. The effect of the platform motion is found to produce a sum of Bessel functions in the final cross-section result, varying in order from zero to infinity. Under appropriately specified conditions, the bistatic model with antenna motion is verified to reduce to the monostatic model with antenna motion and the bistatic stationary model, respectively. Assuming a simple model in which the platform motion is caused by the dominant ocean wave, simulations are made to show the effect of platform motion on the radar cross-section under a variety of sea states and operating frequencies.
Overexpression of a foxtail millet Acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene in maize increases sethoxydim resistance and oil content

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism in plants, catalyzing the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA. In grasses, the plastids ACCases are critical determinants of plant sensitivity to herbicide classes cyclohexanediones (CHDs) and aryloxyphenoxy propionates (APPs). We transformed the full-length cDNA of a plastid ACCase gene from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) line Chum BC6-1, which is highly resistant to sethoxydim, into maize (Zea mays L.) drived by a ubiquitin promoter. The substantial results indicated that the sethoxydim resistance of transgenic plants is increased, with a damage index of 33%, much lower than that of 97% in the untransformed plants. Additionally, the oil content of transgenic maize seeds was 24 to 65% higher than that of untransformed seeds. These results indicate that the ACCase transgenic plants can be used to develop new maize hybrids that are tolerant to herbicide CHDs with high oil content.
A Low-Power Bidirectional Link With a Direct Data-Sequencing Blind Oversampling CDR

A bidirectional link geared toward mobile I/O applications is presented that leverages the technological advantages of CMOS scaling to improve energy efficiency. Active power consumption is minimized by operating the link at low power-supply voltage (VDD), using a digital intensive design that avoids the use of bias voltage or current DACs, a low swing transmitter with a source-series terminated (SST) driver, and circuit and system co-design. To enable fast transitions between different active and standby power modes, a feedforward clock-and-data recovery (CDR) topology based on blind-oversampling is employed. A direct data-sequencing technique for blind oversampling is proposed that significantly reduces the area and power consumption of conventional techniques, while improving the low-frequency jitter tolerance as well. A prototype serial link comprising of the transmitter, receiver, and an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) achieves a data-rate of 1.2–5 Gb/s with total energy/bit of 1–1.31 pJ/b. The transceiver (TX and RX) itself has an energy/bit of 0.6 pJ/b. The link occupies an area of 0.041 mm2 in 22-nm CMOS technology and operates at VDD of 0.55–0.7 V.
Sometimes a cigar is not just a cigar: Unfolding the transcendence of boundaries across the digital and physical

In this paper, we undertake a data-driven exploration of an online community of cigar smokers that we created for the needs of the study, to better understand the practices that combine symbolic and material artifacts to generate collective social value. We employ content analysis and longitudinal social network analysis to afford a nuanced exposition of the structures, dynamics and practices over time. We identify five distinctive types of activities entailing interactions that combine symbolic and material artifacts, generating collective social value. We demonstrate how complex, multi-faceted socio-economic spaces bridge the divide between virtual and embodied space, informational and material objects, and social and economic transactions. Our findings expand the knowledge of online community dynamics, collaborative practices, and value-creation processes. We draw a research agenda for the practices and dynamics at play among users of online communities transcending the boundary between offline and online, generating novel insights to understand digitally-enabled practices.
Verbal Working Memory, Long-Term Knowledge, and Statistical Learning

Evidence supporting the idea that serial-order verbal working memory is underpinned by long-term knowledge has accumulated over more than half a century. Recent studies using natural-language statistics, artificial statistical-learning techniques, and the Hebb repetition paradigm have revealed multiple types of long-term knowledge underlying serial-order verbal working memory performance. These include (a) element-to-element association knowledge, which slowly accumulates through extensive exposure to an exemplar; (b) position–element knowledge, which is acquired through several encounters with an exemplar; and (c) whole-sequence knowledge, which is captured by the Hebb repetition paradigm and acquired rapidly with a few repetitions. Arguably, the first two are a basis for fluent and efficient language usage, and the third is a basis for vocabulary learning. Thus, statistical-learning mechanisms (and possibly episodic-learning mechanisms) may form the foundation of language acquisition and language processing, which characterize linguistic long-term knowledge for verbal working memory.
Earthquake Prediction System using Neuro-Fuzzy and Extreme Learning Machine

Knowledge of earthquake predictions is very important, especially to recognize patterns of occurrence. This paper proposes an earthquake prediction system, in the form of b-value predictions as parameters that indicate the potential for earthquakes. The methods used are neuro-fuzzy with ANFIS structure and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). From the experimental results, it shows that the ELM method has better performance than Neuro-fuzzy with ANFIS structure. Keywords—neuro-fuzzy; ANFIS; extreme learning machine; ELM; earthquake; prediction.
Orthopedic and Athletic Injury Examination Handbook

Tap into easy-to-follow, step-by-step guidance on the evaluation and initial management of specific orthopedic and athletic injuries with the New Edition of this companion to Examination of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries, 3rd Edition. From evaluative procedures for palpation and range of motion through neurologic, ligamentous, and special tests, everything you need now in the lab, and later in the field or in the clinic, is here. It’s a terrific preparation tool for the BOC examination, too. Covers procedures for over 185 special, neurological, ligamentous, and range of motion tests. Features unique palpation photographs with anatomical overlays to identify the underlying structure. Provides precisely illustrated, step-by-step instructions for the correct position of the patient and examiner, the evaluative procedure, positive test results, and implications. Includes tables of bony landmarks, and other useful aids for identifying postural disorders. Illustrates proper measuring techniques.
Mathematics Coaching for Conceptual Understanding: Promising Evidence Regarding the Tennessee Math Coaching Model

Rigorous college-and-career readiness standards require significant shifts in typical mathematics instruction. Many schools and districts employ coaches to support instructional changes. Although there is evidence that coaching programs can support teaching improvement, research has yet to identify high-leverage coaching practices. In collaboration with a network of state leaders and coaches, our research team refined a model for math coaching and documented the practices coaches employed in one-on-one work with teachers. Analysis of videotaped coaching conversations and teaching events suggests that model-trained coaches improved their capacity to use a high-leverage coaching practice—deep and specific prelesson planning conversations—and that growth in this practice predicted teaching improvement, specifically increased opportunities for students to engage in conceptual thinking.
Potential Critical Path Selection Based on a Time-Varying Statistical Timing Analysis Framework

Negative bias temperature instability along with the presence of process variations has resulted in time-varying path criticalities. To ensure reliable circuit operation, aging sensors are used at the end of potential critical paths (PCPs) for delay monitoring. Optimization of the number of delay sensors requires accurate computational models for prediction of criticality and selection of PCPs. We identify a path as a PCP if its maximum global criticality over the lifetime exceeds a certain threshold. However, the global criticality of a path could vary nonmonotonically over the lifetime of the device. In this paper, we propose a framework for time-varying statistical static timing analysis (TV-SSTA), wherein the circuit delay is obtained as a collection of time-varying canonicals with breakpoints in time which define the end of validity of one and the start of the next canonical. We show that the global criticality of any path will be maximum either at $t = 0$ or at these breakpoints. Hence, criticality computation and PCP selection need to be done only at these time points, which typically is less than four. The TV-SSTA is integrated with a previously proposed criticality computation technique to identify the PCPs and the results are validated against Monte Carlo simulations.
A new Australian genus and family of Diptera (Nematocera: Perissommatidae).

A new dipterous family (Perissommatidae) is erected to accommodate the genus Perissomma, gen. nov., with its two species, P. fusca, sp. nov., and P. mcalpinei, sp. nov. The genus possesses a considerable number of unusual morphological and biological features including, in the adult, a complete, V-shaped, mesonotal suture; an unusual wing venation, with median cell and costal "ambient vein"; and lateral division of the eyes into completely separate, dorsal and ventral components. P. fusca breeds during the winter months in autodigesting fungi (Boletus granulatus) which occur in large numbers in pine forests near Canberra. The larva is eucephalic and peripneustic, and pupation occurs within a puparium formed from the unmodified larval skin. The species apparently survives through dry weather by means of the prepupa and puparium which show structural adaptations to resist desiccation. Comparison with other Nematocera suggests that Perissomma belongs in the section Bibionomorpha and its immature stages show some resemblance to those of the Scatopsidae. However, no grounds can be found for including it in any known family, and it appears to be a specialized relict of a primitive bibionomorph stock.
A novel data-driven approach to tree species classification using high density multireturn airborne lidar data

Tree species information is crucial for accurate forest parameter estimation. Small footprint high density multireturn Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data contain a large amount of structural details for modelling and thus distinguishing individual tree species. To fully exploit the potential of these data, we propose a data-driven tree species classification approach based on a volumetric analysis of single-tree-point-cloud that extracts features that are able to characterize both the internal and the external crown structure. The method captures the spatial distribution of the LiDAR points within the crown by generating a feature vector representing the threedimensional (3D) crown information. Each element in the feature vector uniquely corresponds to an Elementary Quantization Volume (EQV) of the crown. Three strategies have been defined to generate unique EQVs that model different representations of the crown components. The classification is performed by using a Support Vector Machines (C-SVM) classifier using the histogram intersection kernel that has the enhanced ability to give maximum preference to the key features in high dimensional feature space. All the experiments were performed on a set of 200 trees belonging to Norway Spruce, European Larch, Swiss Pine, and Silver Fir (i.e., 50 trees per species). The classifier is trained using 120 trees and tested on an independent set of 80 trees. The proposed method outperforms the classification performance of the state-of-the-art method used for comparison.
Revision of coelotine spiders from Nepal (Araneae : Amaurobiidae)

Coelotine spiders from Nepal are studied based on collections from the Himalaya Expeditions of J. Martens carried out in the years 1969, 1970, 1973, 1980, 1983, 1988 and 1995. In total, 38 Nepalese species of the genus Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999 are described, including 35 new species. These are: D. beloniforis, sp. nov. (♂), D. bifarius, sp. nov. (♂), D. brevikarenos, sp. nov. (♀), D. capitellus, sp. nov. (♀), D. communis, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. condocephalus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. confusus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. contiguus, sp. nov. (♀), D. cylindratus, sp. nov. (♀), D. dapaensis, sp. nov. (♂), D. distinctus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. dorsicephalus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. gorkhaensis, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. gurkha (Brignoli, 1976) (♀), D. latiforus, sp. nov. (♀), D. meganiger, sp. nov. (♀), D. microcoelotes, sp. nov. (♀), D. panchtharensis, sp. nov. (♀), D. paraepisomos, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. phulchokiensis, sp. nov. (♀), D. pseudogurkha, sp. nov. (♀), D. pseudomeganiger, sp. nov. (♀), D. sacculus, sp. nov. (♀), D. schawalleri, sp. nov. (♂), D. semicirculus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. seorsus, sp. nov. (♀), D. simplicifolis, sp. nov. (♀), D. spinosus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. subconfusus, sp. nov. (♀), D. subepisomos, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. subrotundus, sp. nov. (♀), D. taplejungensis, sp. nov. (♀), D. testudinatus, sp. nov. (♀), D. tinjuraensis, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. tritos, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. volutobursarius, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. wuermlii (Brignoli, 1978) (♀) and D. yadongensis (Hu & Li, 1987) (♂♀). The male is described for the first time for D. yadongensis. The distribution characteristics of Nepalese coelotines are discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of Coelotinae, including Nepalese coelotines and the two recently established coelotine genera, Lineacoelotes Xu, Li & Wang, 2008 and Notiocoelotes Wang, Xu & Li, 2008 from China and South-east Asia, are analysed using the parsimony method. Our research found that coelotines from Nepal are highly diversified and occur in different clades of the tree. The genus Draconarius is not monophyletic. We assigned all the species examined in this study to Draconarius because they are not congeneric with any existing coelotine genus. Their appropriate placement will be further studied in a future phylogenetic analysis using all coelotine species as terminals.
The tusked king cricket (Libanasidus vittatus (Kirby, 1899), Anostostomatidae) from South Africa: morphological and molecular evidence suggest two cryptic species

An evaluation of genetic structuring and morphometric variation within tusked king crickets, Libanasidus vittatus (Kirby, 1899) from South Africa suggests two main population assemblages. Maximum likelihood (ML), Parsimony, Bayesian and phenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence data recovered two well- supported clades corresponding to two biogeographically distinct populations. Canonical variates (discriminant) analysis (CVA) also showed evidence of two phenetic assemblages that correspond to the genetically delineated groups. Libanasidus vittatus is the recognized species occurring within an eastern population in South Africa (Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape Provinces), while a possible novel species occurs within a north-western population in South Africa (Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces). Using a molecular clock estimate of 2.0 % divergence per million years, suggests isolation of the two populations at ~1.65 MYA, possibly due to the formation of isolating forest pockets during the dry Pleistocene Epoch. The average genetic divergence of 3.3% between the two populations, and low migration rate estimates corresponding to less than one female migration per generation further support the presence of two cryptic tusked king cricket species in South Africa.
Regional-scale patterns in community concordance: testing the roles of historical biogeography versus contemporary abiotic controls in determining stream community composition

The determinants of a local-scale biological community can include both abiotic and biotic factors acting at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Previous studies have shown that the Precambrian Shield, a broad-scale geological feature, has distinct abiotic conditions and aquatic communities in lotic systems as compared with systems off-Shield. The relative importance of historical biogeography and postglacial colonization in Ontario versus the role of contemporary abiotic conditions has been debated in determining fish community composition. In this study, we sampled fish and macroinvertebrate community data from south-central Ontario streams to examine the degree of community concordance between fishes and macroinvertebrates and to determine the main abiotic drivers for this biological distinction between Shield and off-Shield areas. This study shows that low-order lotic systems on the Shield differ both abiotically and biotically from adjacent off-Shield systems and that similar abiotic drivers ar.
The Nutritional Value of Sewage-Grown Samples of Chlorella and Micractinium in Broiler Diets

Abstract Twenty-four samples of algae meal were collected during both winter and summer months from sewage ponds at different locations. The samples were assayed for protein, lipid, fiber, ash, phosphorus, calcium, aluminum, xanthophyll, and gross energy. The assayed composition was not significantly affected either by season or site of production. Eight algae samples were selected on the basis of chemical analyses. Their metabolizable energy content and nitrogen absorption were evaluated by a short-term experiment with young chicks fed glucose-containing diets labeled with 144 Ce. Large variations were found in metabolizable energy values (from 900 to 2782 kcal/kg) and percentages of nitrogen absorption (from 41.7 to 80.4%). The nutritional value of two algae samples was further assessed in the broiler trial in which computer-formulated diets containing 5 and 10% algae meal were compared to a control diet containing no algae. These two algae meal samples, at both of the concentrations tested, were found to be suitable protein supplements in broiler diets and had no adverse effect on growth, feed efficiency, or carcass fat.
Application of a 2-Dimensional Water Quality Model (CE-QUAL-W2) to the Turbidity Interflow in a Deep Reservoir (Lake Soyang, Korea)

Abstract The temporal and spatial distribution of water temperature was surveyed and simulated in a deep warm monomictic reservoir (Lake Soyang, Korea). The great depth (maximum depth 118 m) and wind-sheltered dendritic shape caused stable thermal stratification in summer. Turbid storm runoff during the summer monsoon formed a 20–40 m intermediate layer distinct from the clearer epilimnion and hypolimnion. The temperature distribution and movements of the density current were simulated by using the 2-dimensional hydrologic model, CE-QUAL-W2. The model was calibrated with data from 1996 and verified with data from 1995–2002 by applying the same set of parameters and constants as used in calibration. The model could simulate temperature profiles with excellent agreement. Movement of the intermediate density current also was well simulated. The CE-QUAL-W2 model was useful in the prediction of temperature distribution and movement of density current in reservoirs, which implies merit for further employment of this model in water quality simulations.
αvβ3-integrin-dependent activation of focal adhesion kinase mediates NF-κB activation and motogenic activity by HIV-1 Tat in endothelial cells

Once in the extracellular environment, the transactivator protein HIV-1 Tat exerts several pleiotropic effects by interacting with different cellular receptors, including integrin αvβ3. Real-time surface plasmon resonance analysis reveals that Tat/αVβ3 interaction occurs with rapid kinetics (association and dissociation rates equal to 1.16×107 M-1 s-1 and 3.78×10-1 s-1, respectively) and high affinity (dissociation constant = 32 nM). Through this interaction, substratum-immobilized Tat promotes adhesion and motogenic activity in endothelial cells. Also, αvβ3/Tat interaction triggers the activation of focal adhesion kinase, RhoA and pp60src. Overexpression of the dominant negative form of focal adhesion kinase, but not of an inactive Leu1034Ser substitution mutant isoform, impairs the activation of focal adhesion kinase and RhoA, but not that of pp60src, without affecting endothelial cell adhesion and spreading. αvβ3/Tat interaction triggers the activation of NF-κB in endothelial cells in a focal adhesion kinase-, RhoA- and pp60src-dependent manner, as shown in dominant negative focal adhesion kinase transfectants or using specific pharmacological inhibitors. Finally, the activation of focal adhesion kinase, RhoA, NF-κB and pp60src are required to mediate the motogenic activity of Tat in endothelial cells. Since Tat accumulates in an immobilized form in the extracellular matrix, these results provide new biochemical and biological insights about αvβ3/Tat interaction exploitable for the design of anti-Tat strategies.
SUMMARY OF CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION FOR KOMPSAT-2

KARI has been doing Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) activities for the KOMPSAT-2 (KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-2) after launch at July 28th 2006. The Cal/Val for KOMPSAT-2 has already been done to guarantee the requirements of KOMPSAT-2 Users, and we are doing more Cal/Val activities to enhance the KOMPSAT-2 image quality for Users. The content of KOMPSAT-2 Cal/Val defined before launch has been a little changed after launch. After launch, we could find out the new and different phenomenon from analyzing the KOMPSAT-2 image data directly. Firstly, we tried to define the status of KOMPSAT-2 (e.g. the sequence of MS band, Line of Sight, Pointing accuracy, etc.). Secondly, every KOMPSAT-2 Cal/Val parameter was validated, and then KOMPSAT-2 was calibrated with the validated and uploaded initial value of them (e.g. Non-Uniformity Correction table, Misalignment between body and sensor etc.). Finally, we have done to implement the KOMPSAT-2 image data processing system with the results of K2 Cal/Val (e.g. De-noise, MTF compensation, Metadata, Users Manual, etc.)
Access Control in the Wild Using Face Verification

In the past few years, face recognition has received great attention from both research and commercial communities. Areas such as access control using face verification are domi nated by solutions developed by both the government and the industry. In this chapter, a face verification solution is presented using open-source algorithms for access control of large-scale events under unconstrained environments. From the type of camera calibra - tion to the algorithms used for face detection and recognition, every stage has a proposed solution. Tests using the proposed solutions in the entrance of a building were made in order to test and compare each solution proposed.