Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CROSS-LAYER DESIGN IN WIRELESS AD HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS

This article explains a new paradigm in networking called cross-layer design (CLD), which differs from conventional layered protocol architecture. With CLD, parameters of one layer can be used in optimization of another layer, and interactions among layers are permitted. Two examples of CLD approaches used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of CLD. The first example is using the energy level and consumption parameters depended on transmission range (Physical layer) in the packet routing (Network layer). The second example is including link stability information in network routing. Even though CLD offers benefits, there are challenges as well. These challenges are outlined here.
Correlation between renal parenchymal thickness and EGFR in chronic kidney disease

Objective: A prospective study developed to determine the relationship between renal parenchymal thickness and glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease.Materials and Methods: From June 2019 to June 2020, 50 patients were clinically diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. The lowest serum creatinine was used for calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) equations. The ultrasounds were done by a single radiologist and reviewed by 2 consultants. The renal parenchymal thickness was measured in the longitudinal from the renal sinus to the outer renal cortical margin at upper, mid and lower levels of each kidney and the mean value was estimated for each kidney. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 20.0) version used for data analysis and an unpaired test was applied to find the statistical significance. Pearson correlation test applied to find the correlation between the variables. A P value less than 0.05 (p
Proposed Extended Analytic Hierarchy Process for Selecting Data Science Methodologies

Decision making can present a considerable amount of complexity in competitive environments; where methods that support possess great relevance. The article presents an extension of the Hierarchy Analytical Process; complemented with Personal Construct Theory, which purpose is to reduce ambiguity when defining and establishing values for the criteria in a determined problem. In recent years, the scope for decision making based on data has considerably raised, which is why Data Science as a scientific field is rising in popularity; where one of the main activities for data scientists is selecting an adequate methodology to guide a project with this traits. The steps defined in the proposed model guide this task, from establishing and prioritizing criteria based on degrees of compliance, grouping them by levels, completing the hierarchical structure of the problem, performing the correct comparisons through different levels in an ascendant manner, to finally obtaining the definitive priorities of each methodology for each validation case and sorting them by their adequacy percentages. Both disparate cases, one referred to an industrial/commercial field and the other to an academic field, were effective to corroborate the extent of usefulness of the proposed model; for which in both cases MoProPEI obtained the best results.
I. Introduction Syzygium cumini L. Skeels have a place with Myrtaceae family, they are usually known as Black Plum in English, Jaman inUrdu, Jamun in Hindi, Jambu in Sanskrit. S. cumini is a huge evergreen tree

local cheese has been reported to be a high risk food in Nigeria due to the possible transmission of numerous spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. This study therefore investigated not only the spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with local cheese sold within Ilorin metropolis but also microbiological food safety of the food through the use of Syzygium cumini oil as a preservative. Samples of wara were collected from selected seller across the metropolis and analysed for the presence of different bacterial species using spread plate method on appropriate selective growth media. All the bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical test. Invitro therapeutic efficacy of S.cumini oil aginst foodborne isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method. The most six prevalent bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogene, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the wara. Hydrodistilled leaves of Syzygium cumini yielded 0.32% (v/w) of essential oil. Examination of the oil by GC and GC/MS uncovered that the greater part of the oil was comprised by sesquiterpenes. Other outstanding constituents were Cis-Beta-Farnesene (1.40%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), Betabisabolol (1.48%), Beta-Ocimene (2.11%), and D-Limonene (2.89%). Antibacterial action was measured base on the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The oil repressed the development of Proteus vulgaris at 25% concentration, Escherichia coli at 12.5% concentration, Listeria monocytogene at 6.25% concentration, Salmonella typhimurium at 12.5% concentration and Staphylococcus aureusat 6.25% concentration while no action was recorded against B. subtilis. Highest activity, represented by diameter of zone of clearance around the loaded wells was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus. Accordingly, the oil can be an elective method for averting spoilage in stored wara in this manner expanding its time span of edibility.
An Analysis of Demand for Microfinance in Sri Lanka

Necessity of microfinance services is upraising with the increased complexity of rural life style. Economic pattern of rural communities and the performance of informal financial sector are two cornerstones of the modern microfinance services. It is expected that the demand for microfinance will be increased as the complexity of rural life thrived. Yet, a downward trend is noted in the demand for microfinance by the rural community of Sri Lanka with the introduction of social benefit programmes particularly, the “Samurdhi” Programme. Thus, the motive of this study was to empirically evaluate the factors affecting the demand for microfinance. In particular, it was based on the clients of Samurdhi Prajamula Banking Societies (SPBSs) in Diganwewa Division, Puttalam District of Sri Lanka. The study was quantitative and used the survey research method. The sample was randomly drawn from Samurdhi beneficiaries who are currently the members of SPBSs. The data were gathered by administering a close-ended questionnaire while univariate and bivariate analysis analysed them. The results indicated that the general literacy & income of potential borrowers and also receipt of social benefit by the potential borrowers are significantly predicting the intention to obtain microfinance. Additionally, demand for loan securities, service features and interest charged for the microfinancing facilities are affecting the demand for microfinance. Among the factors related to borrower, literacy level and income of them found positively and significantly affecting the microfinance demand. Yet, a negative influence was noted with respect to receipt of social benefits on the demand for microfinance. All the factors, except service features of the credit facility, negatively affecting the demand for microfinance.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN KAZAKHSTAN

This study intends to explore the salience of national identity for young people from the perspective of ‘commitment and loyalty’ to their nation. The uniqueness of this study is that it provides the opportunity to observe the salience of civic, ethnic, and cultural features of national identity in Kazakhstan.This article has examined the importance of national identity theoretically and critically reviewed the literature on this theme. For the case study, a small survey was conducted in order to evaluate the role of inclusion in shaping national identity among young students.An academic implication of this research entails further research on the salience of belonging and sense of attachment to national identity among young people in other cosmopolitan cities of Kazakhstan, such as Almaty, Nur-Sultan and Atyrau, where the effect of globalisation is more prevalent and the Kazakh customs and traditions less noticeable in order to make a comparative evaluation.In this context, the authors consider the importance of national identity for young individuals by analysing the theories on nations and nationalism, specifically emphasising the relation between individuals and their nations. Analysis is complemented by a short survey on the subject of national identity, which was carried out among students of the Kazakh-Turkish International University in Turkistan, Kazakhstan.
Importance and Perception of the Character Strengths Scale: psychometric evidence in professors

This study aimed at presenting the development and psychometric evidence of the Importance and Perception of Character Strengths Scale (IPCSS)-Professor Version. Two quantitative studies were conducted. In Study 1 the respondents were 214 college professors (mean age = 39.21; SD = 9.77; 55.6 % females), who answered the IPCSS-Professor and sociodemographic questions. Exploratory analysis suggested a one-factor structure for both subscales. Respondents in Study 2 were 262 college professors (mean age = 41.80; SD = 9.81; 50.8 % male). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested the adequacy of the six-factor structure theoretically proposed for both subscales after comparison with the alternative single-factor model. The IPCSS-Professor presented satisfactory reliability indexes and it is applicable for teachers of different sectors in order to understand their character strengths.
GRAMMAR-NAZI ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH LEARNING PROCESS AMONG MILLENIALS IN INDONESIA

Social media, which was originally used to communicate with other people via online, has begun to be used to exchange knowledge so that it makes it easy for many people to learn with more flexibility and without boundaries. Indonesian people are more motivated to learn and practice English through social media, considering that the ability to speak English is a special value when applying for a job. However, the main function of social media itself, namely the freedom of expression and opinion, is also an inhibiting factor in learning English. Lots of social media users seem to be less wise in their opinions, especially on grammar issues and do not hesitate to criticize grammatical errors in English posts. The term grammar-nazi is usually attached to these people who tend to correct the grammar. This is the main focus of the researchers to conduct grammar-nazi analysis in the process of learning English among millennials in Indonesia, which is carried out online. This research process includes collecting data through online observation, employing coding techniques for data analysis, doing a synthesis in the result and discussion, drawing conclusion, and providing suggestion. The synthesis in the result and discussion relates findings of the phenomenon to the positive accounts as well as negative accounts from experts. The results of this study are expected to be able to provide a sufficient account on grammar-nazi phenomenon in the process of learning English among millennials in Indonesia.
The Relationship between Critical Thinking, Self-regulation, and Teaching Style Preferences among EFL Teachers: A Path Analysis Approach

Teachers are world makers. They can change the thinking, attitudes, and lives of their students. Thus, it is essential to study the factors that foster teachers’ competency. Critical thinking, self- regulation, and teaching style are some of the factors influencing the effectiveness of teachers. In line with this argument, the present study delved into the possible impact of critical thinking abilities and self-regulatory strategies of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers on their teaching style preferences. The possible influence of critical thinking abilities on teacher self- regulation was also studied. To do this, Watson-Glaser’s Critical Thinking Appraisal (Form 1), the Teacher Self-Regulation Scale (TSRS), and Grasha’s Teaching Style Inventory (TSI) were administered to 320 EFL teachers who were teaching at different private language institutions in Iran. A path analysis was utilized to ponder their causal relationships. The findings indicated that teachers with higher critical thinking abilities and self-regulatory skills tend to implement learner- centered styles (namely, Facilitator and Delegator) while teachers with lower critical thinking abilities and self-regulatory skills tend to do the opposite. Moreover, the significant effects of critical thinking on teacher self-regulation were determined. The implications of this study may open up new perspectives into successful pedagogy for policymakers, curriculum designers, and teachers.
THE EXPRESSION AND PROPAGATION OF SOLIDARITY AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN DENMARK USED THE HASHTAG #DETKUHAVÆRETMIG [“IT COULD HAVE BEEN ME”] TO EXPRESS PROFESSIONAL SOLIDARITY WITH A JUNIOR DOCTOR WHO WAS INITIALLY DECLARED NEGLIGENT AFTER ORAL INSTRUCTIONS WERE NOT WRITTEN DOWN AND FOLLOWED UP. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES HOW THE FUNCTIONALITIES OF TWITTER FACILITATED THE EXPRESSION AND PROPAGATION OF SOLIDARITY WITH A FELLOW MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL. OUR DATA CONSIST OF ALL #DETKUHAVÆRETMIG TWEETS FROM AUGUST 2017–MAY 2019. DEVISING A MIXED METHODS APPROACH TO ANALYSE PROFESSIONAL SOLIDARITY IN TWEETS, WE EXPLORE, AMONGST OTHER THINGS, WHO THE TWEETERS WERE, WHEN THE HASHTAG WAS MOST FREQUENTLY USED, AND THE CONTENT OF TWEETED STATEMENTS. SOLIDARITY WAS EXPRESSED THROUGH THE HASHTAG ITSELF, TWEETED STATEMENTS AND PHOTOS. THE HASHTAG’S PROPAGATION POTENTIAL WAS PROMOTED BY MENTIONING POLITICIANS AND NEWS MEDIA AND INCLUDING CO-HASHTAGS THAT LINKED TO RELATED CONCERNS. TWITTER, THROUGH THE HASHTAG #DETKUHAVÆRETMIG, BECAME A VEHICLE FOR EXPRESSING AND PROPAGATING PROFESSIONAL SOLIDARITY.
Acute toxity and sublethal effects of pymetrozine on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan

Sublethal effects of a pymetrozine-based product (commercial product Chess 50 WP) on life history traits and population growth of one commercialized strain (? Dutch? strain) and two local populations (Bujanovac and Negotin) of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. All trials were carried out at 27? 1? C temperature and under 60? 10 % relative humidity and 16/8 h daylight/darkness photoperiod in four replications. Longevity of wasps exposed for 48 h to residues of the pymetrozine insecticide (LC50, 280 mg a.i./l) was shorter (by 2.7-3 days) than that of control wasps. Total parasitism of Negotin wasps was significantly reduced (by 8.2 %), as well as total parasitism and adult emergence of the Dutch strain (by 7.3 and 8.2 %, respectively), compared to control wasps. The instantaneous rate of increase (ri) of surviving adult wasps was also significantly reduced (by 6.6, 6.3 and 7.6 % in populations Negotin, Bujanovac and Dutch strain, respectively). Direct treatment of wasps at their pupal stage (LC50, 300 mg a.i./l) reduced total parasitism of Negotin wasps (by 8 %), and reduced ri levels, but the reduction was significant only for the Bujanovac (by 6.7 %) and Negotin (by 4.6 %) populations. Juvenile development of the parasitoid in treated pupae was significantly extended (by 0.3-1.1 days), compared to control wasps. The implications of these results on integrated control of the greenhouse whitefly are discussed.
Identification of Five Sibling Species of the Anopheles barbirostris complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand by a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

Anopheles barbirostris is a complex of six sibling species that are almost identical in adult morphology. The lack of accurate identification method, diagnosis based on only adult morphological characters has led to misidentification. This complex has been incriminated, as malaria and filarial vector in Indonesia and Thailand but knowledge of the epidemiology and vectorial roles of this species group are poorly known. For this purpose, a diagnostic PCR system to differentiate among five sibling species of the An. barbirostris species complex in Thailand was developed by using two PCR reactions. Based on nucleotide differences in the ITS2 sequences, novel degenerate primer was constructed for amplification in combination with a universal reverse primer to generate amplification products of specific length for each of species. The first PCR reaction can identify An. barbirostris species complex in four species, i.e., An. dissidens, An. saeungae, An. barbirostris species A3, and An. barbirostris s.s. by using universal primer pairs and the second PCR reaction can distinguish species An. barbirostris s.s. from An. wejchoochotei by using new primer and universal reverse primer. Additionally, An. saeungae can be clearly differentiated on PCR product from An. barbirostris s.s. and An. wejchoochotei by using new primer.
Power Quality Improvement in Modular Multilevel Inverter Using for Different Multicarrier PWM

DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.24018/ejece.2021. 5.2. 315 Vol 5 | Issue 2 | April 2021 19 Abstract — Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a powerful technique employed in analog circuit convert with a microprocessor based digital output. Besides, Pseudo Random Multi Carrier (PRMC) involves in two random PWM strategies to minimize the harmonic order for 9level cascaded multilevel H-bridge (CHB) inverter and 9-level Modular Multilevel inverter are introduced. The design mainly focuses on the (Pulse Width Modulation) PWM method, in which two nearest voltage levels are approached in estimated output voltage prediction based on the Partial swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and it conveys a random variation in the pulse position of output by Pseudo Random Multi CarrierPulse Width Modulation (PRMC-PWM). The CHB and the Modular inverters generate low distortion output by using PMRC. The simulation and prototype circuit are developed for the nine level output using sixteen switches and ten with Resistive-Inductive (R-L) load variation condition. The power quality is improved in CHB and Modular inverter (MoI) with minimized harmonics in various modulation index (MI) as varied from 0.1 up to 0.8. The circuit is designed by using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Implementing a PSO algorithm for both CHB, and MoI are proposed. The comparisons of results are verified with lower order harmonics and find the best switching angle across the MLI switches. Modular inverter furthermore investigates with PRMC, Random Nearest level (RNL) modulation scheme are presented, and the proposed circuit is along with the respective degree of the output voltage were synthesized in non-linear load by the development of reactive power across a motor load.
Cross-dialectal vowel mapping and glide perception

Formant transitions from a high front vowel to a non-high, non-front vowel mimic the formant signature of a canonical [j], resulting in the perception of an acoustic glide (Hogoboom 2020). We ask if listeners may still perceive a glide when canonical formant transitions are absent. We investigated the mapping of an Appalachian English (AE) monophthongal [aɪ] in hiatus sequences, monophthongal [aɪ. a]. If participants map this monophthongal [aɪ] to a high front position, they might perceive a glide that is not supported by the acoustic signal, which we call a phantom glide . Ninety-six participants (45 of which were native AE speakers) heard 30 different English words ending in [i], [ə], or monophthongal [aɪ] (i.e. tree , coma , pie ) that had been suffixed with either [-a] or [-ja]. They were asked to identify which suffixed form they heard. Participants in both dialect groups sometimes perceived a glide that was truly absent from the speech stream. In these cases, participants mapped static formants in monophthongal [aɪ. a] stimuli to a diphthongal /aɪ/ with a high front endpoint, causing the perception of the necessary F1 fall and subsequent rise of a [j]. Using recent models of speech processing, which encode both social and acoustic representations of speech (e.g. Sumner et al. 2014), we discuss the mapping of monophthongal [aɪ] to a privileged diphthongal underlying form.
Detection of Pneumonia with a Novel CNN-based Approach

Pneumonia is a seasonal infectious lung tissue inflammatory disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), early diagnosis of the disease reduces the risk of its transmission and death. Various deep learning and machine learning algorithms were used for pneumonia detection. This study aims to analyze the lung images and diagnose pneumonia disease by employing deep learning approaches. We have suggested a novel deep learning framework for the detection of pneumonia in lung. A comparison was made between the proposed new deep learning model and pre-trained deep learning models. 88.62% accuracy rate has been obtained from the proposed deep learning structure. It was observed that by utilizing the new deep neural network developed, the accuracy results of VGG16 (88.78%) and VGG19 (88.30%), which are among the popular deep learning architectures, can be approximated. The test results show that our proposed model has a better recall value (97.43%) (VGG16 (93.33%) and VGG19 (96.92%)), and a better F1-Score (91.45%) (VGG16 (91.22%) and VGG19 (91.19%)).
Strategic farsighted learning in competitive multi-agent games

We describe a generalized Q-learning type algorithm for reinforcement learning in competitive multi-agent games. We make the observation that in a competitive setting with adaptive agents an agent’s actions will (likely) result in changes in the opponents policies. In addition to accounting for the estimated policies of the opponents, our algorithm also adjusts these future opponent policies by incorporating estimates of how the opponents change their policy as a reaction to ones own actions. We present results showing that agents that learn with this algorithm can successfully achieve high reward in competitive multi-agent games where myopic self-interested behavior con(cid:3)icts with the long term individual interests of the players. We show that this approach successfully scales for multi-agent games of various sizes, in particular to the social dilemma type problems: from the small iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, to larger settings akin to Hard-ing’s Tragedy of the Commons. Thus, our multi-agent reinforcement algorithm is foresighted enough to correctly anticipate future rewards in the important problem class of social dilemmas, without having to resort to negotiation-like protocols or precoded strategies.
Study of Thermal Stresses in a Thin Annular Disc within the Context of Fractional Order Theory of Thermoelasticity

ABSTRACT: In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the temperature distribution, displacement and stress functions on the outer curved surface of a time fractional two dimensional thermoelastic problem of thin annular disc occupying the space D: a ≤ r ≤ b, -h ≤ z ≤ h and of time fraction order derivative of order α. Further the inner and outer circular edges are kept at temperatures ) , ( t z u and ) , ( t z g and the corresponding