Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synergistic enhancement of urban haze by nitrate uptake into
transported hygroscopic particles in the Asian continental outflow

Abstract. Haze pollution is affected by local air pollutants, regional transport of background particles and precursors, atmospheric chemistry related to secondary aerosol formation, and meteorological conditions conducive to the physical, dynamical, and chemical processes. In the large, populated and industrialized areas like the Asian continental outflow region, the combination of regional transport and local stagnant often exacerbates urban haze pollution. However, the detailed chemical processes underlying the enhancement of urban haze induced by the combined effect of local emissions and transported remote pollutants are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate an important role of transported hygroscopic particles in increasing local inorganic aerosols, by studying the chemical composition of PM2.5 collected between October 2012 and June 2014 in Seoul, a South Korean megacity in the Asian continental outflow region, using the ISORROPIA II thermodynamic model. Measured PM2.5 group under the condition of regional transport from the upwind source areas in China was higher in mass concentration and richer in secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) species and aerosol liquid water (ALW) compared to that under the non-transport condition. The SIA and ALW were both increased, particularly in cases with high PM2.5 levels, and this indicates inorganic species as a major driver of hygroscopicity. We conclude that the urban haze pollution in the continental outflow region like Seoul, particularly during the cold season, can be exacerbated by ALW in the transported particles, which enhances the nitrate partitioning into the particle phase in NOx− and NH3-rich urban areas. This study reveals the synergistic effect of remote and local sources on the urban haze pollution in the downwind region and provides insight into the nonlinearity of domestic and foreign contributions to receptor PM2.5 concentrations in the numerical air quality models.
Consecutive Detecting Arrays from m -Sequences

—Linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequences are sequences of elements of a ﬁnite ﬁeld that satisfy some linear recurrence relations. LFSR sequences that attain maximum possible periods are called maximal (period) sequences, often abbreviated as m -sequences. Arrays constructed from cyclic shifts of m -sequences possess rich combinatorial properties and have previously been used in the construction of (ordered) orthogonal and covering arrays. We propose the notion of consecutive detecting arrays for generating test suites for locating and detecting interaction faults between neighboring factors in combinatorial interaction testing. In this paper, we explain the construction of a class of consecutive detecting arrays from m - sequences and illustrate their use through concrete examples. Furthermore, we show some consecutive detecting arrays with minimum size for practical use.
Automatic identification of Hindi complex predicates for computer-aided reading tool

This study demonstrates how Natural Language Processing resources can be deployed in Computer Assisted Language Learning for Hindi as foreign language learners. Many researchers have shown the importance of bringing attention and awareness on language categories and forms in second language learning. We introduce a web based implementation that provides visual enhancement of texts in order to make language learning targets more salient for the learner. Learners get to choose a text they want to read and the system displays an enhanced version of the text. It supports visual enhancement for some simple categories (nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.) and provides the lemma if asked, using a Hindi Part-Of-Speech tagger. It also detects the complex predicates (CP). Hence, in this study we will focus on automatic identification of Hindi CPs which are known to be problematic for Hindi learners. We assume that highlighting the CPs will help the reader to grasp them as a single unit of verb and not each element of the CP separately, thus contributing to its comprehension and facilitating its acquisition. We will first review the existing methods for detecting Hindi complex predicates which are often qualified as « pain in the neck for NLP ». We will then present a short overview of the tools and resources for processing Hindi. Finally, we will describe our method for detecting CPs in the context of the abovementioned reading tool and we will discuss the results. Motivation
Approximating the Heston-Hull-White Model

The hybrid Heston-Hull-White (HHW) model combines the Heston (1993) stochastic volatility and Hull and White (1990) short rate models. Compared to stochastic volatility models, hybrid models improve upon the pricing and hedging of longdated options and equity-interest rate hybrid claims. When the Heston and HullWhite components are uncorrelated, an exact characteristic function for the HHW model can be derived. In contrast, when the components are correlated, the more useful case for the pricing of hybrid claims, an exact characteristic function cannot be obtained. Grzelak and Oosterlee (2011) developed two approximations for this correlated case, such that the characteristics functions are available. Within this dissertation, the approximations, referred to as the determinist and stochastic approximations, were implemented to price vanilla options. This involved extending the Carr and Madan (1999) method to a stochastic interest rate setting. The approximations were then assessed for accuracy and efficiency. In determining an appropriate benchmark for assessing the accuracy of the approximations, the full truncation Milstein and Quadratic Exponential (QE) schemes, which are popular Monte Carlo discretisation schemes for the Heston model, were extended to the HHW model. These schemes were then compared against the characteristic function for the uncorrelated case, and the QE scheme was found to be more accurate than the Milstein-based scheme. With the differences in performance becoming increasingly noticeable when the Feller (1951) condition was not satisfied and the maturity and volatility of the Hull-White model (⌘) was large. In assessing the accuracy of the approximations against the QE scheme, both approximations were similarly accurate when ⌘ was small. In contrast, when ⌘ was large, the stochastic approximation was more accurate than the deterministic approximation. However, the deterministic approximation was significantly faster than the stochastic approximation and the stochastic approximation displayed signs of potential instability. When ⌘ is small, the deterministic approximation is therefore recommended for use in applications such as calibration. With its shortcomings, the stochastic approximation could not be recommended. However, it did show promising signs of accuracy that warrants further investigation into its efficiency and stability.
Recent update in diagnosis and treatment of human pythiosis

Human pythiosis is an infectious condition with high morbidity and mortality. The causative agent is the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The pathogen inhabits ubiquitously in a wet environment, and direct exposure to the pathogen initiates the infection. Most patients with pythiosis require surgical removal of the affected organ, and many patients die from the disease. Awareness of pythiosis among healthcare personnel is increasing. In this review, we summarized and updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of human pythiosis. Vascular and ocular pythiosis are common clinical manifestations. Recognition of the typical clinical features of pythiosis is essential for early diagnosis. The definitive diagnosis of the disease requires laboratory testing, such as microbiological, serological, molecular, and proteomic assays. In vascular pythiosis, surgical intervention to achieve the organism-free margin of the affected tissue, in combination with the use of antifungal drugs and P. insidiosum immunotherapy, remains the recommended treatment. Ocular pythiosis is a serious condition and earliest therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty with wide surgical margin is the mainstay treatment. Thorough clinical assessment is essential in all patients to evaluate the treatment response and detect an early sign of the disease recurrence. In conclusion, early diagnosis and proper management are the keys to an optimal outcome of the patients with pythiosis.
Simulation of Single Particle Displacement Damage in Si₁₋ₓGeₓ Alloys—Interaction of Primary Particles With the Material and Generation of the Damage Structure

Primary simulations of neutron interactions are performed on Si<sub>1−<italic>x</italic></sub>Ge<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> alloys with a Monte Carlo (MC) code using the binary collision approximation (BCA). Then, a statistical study of the collision cascades development in Si<sub>0.8</sub>Ge<sub>0.2</sub>, Si<sub>0.7</sub>Ge<sub>0.3</sub>, and Si<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub> is carried out using molecular dynamics (MD), starting from both Si and Ge primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) of 1, 5, and 10 keV. The well-known Stillinger–Weber (SW) MD potential, which can be used to study Si, Ge, and Si<sub>1−<italic>x</italic></sub>Ge<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>, is coupled to the Ziegler–Biersack–Littmark (ZBL) universal potential to better describe the collisions between atoms. To account for the stopping power of the electrons, the two-temperature model (TTM) is combined with MD. Similar studies are performed on pure Si and pure Ge in order to be able to compare our Si–Ge alloys damaged structures with reference materials. Moreover, data obtained by TTM-MD on Si, Ge, and Si<sub>1−<italic>x</italic></sub>Ge<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> are compared with collision cascades statistical data from MC codes.
Normal coronary diameters in Turkish population.

Background This study aims to define normal coronary artery diameters of males and females in a sample of Turkish population, compared to Asian-Indian and Western Caucasian populations. Methods Angiographic and demographic data of a total of 324 patients (147 males, 177 females; mean age 55.3±10.1 years; range, 32 to 82 years) who underwent elective coronary angiography with angiographically normal coronary arteries between July 2017 and March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Proximal diameters of major epicardial coronary arteries were measured using the Axiom Artis software according to edge detection method. All the measurements were adjusted to the body surface area. Unadjusted and adjusted values were compared between genders and with the Asian-Indian and Caucasian population samples. Results The mean diameters of unadjusted/adjusted left main coronary artery, proximal left anterior descending artery, proximal left circumflex artery, and proximal right coronary artery were 4.5±0.6 mm/2.4±0.4 mm/m2, 3.7±0.5 mm/1.9±0.3 mm/m2, 3.3±0.6 mm/1.7±0.3 mm/m2, and 3.4±0.6 mm/1.8±0.4 mm/m2, respectively. Adjusted left main coronary artery and proximal left circumflex artery were narrower, and unadjusted proximal left anterior descending artery and unadjusted/adjusted proximal right coronary artery were larger in men, compared to women in the Turkish population. Turkish population had similar body surface area and unadjusted/adjusted coronary diameters with Caucasians, whereas adjusted proximal left anterior descending artery was larger in the Turkish population than in Asian-Indians. Conclusion Our study findings on the Turkish population contradict the traditional belief that women have narrower coronary arteries then men. Furthermore, the Turkish population have comparable adjusted/unadjusted coronary diameters with the Western Caucasians, but larger adjusted/unadjusted proximal left anterior descending artery, compared to Asian-Indians. We believe that our findings may contribute to the global data pool of normal coronary diameters and can be utilized in future studies as a database.
Nearest Neighbor with Double Neighborhoods Algorithm for Imbalanced Classiﬁcation

—Classiﬁcation of imbalanced data is a challenge in data mining and pattern recognition tasks. The over-advantage of the majority classes often lead to poor performance of traditional classiﬁers, when imbalanced data is processed. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called nearest neighbor with double neighborhoods algorithm (NNDN) to deal with binary-class imbalanced data classiﬁcation. In classiﬁcation step, a double neighborhoods scheme is presented based on data distribution to judge the sparsity of the main neighborhood, and a tendency weighting scheme is used to increase the sensitivity of the algorithm to minority instances. Finally, we compare our method with six well-known algorithms on forty benchmark data sets. The results show that the proposed algorithm is suitable for imbalanced data classiﬁcation, and outperforms the re-sampling and cost-sensitive learning strategies with generality-oriented base learners in most data sets.
Half a century of research on cattle foot and claw diseases: a scientometric analysis

The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate scientific publications on cattle foot and claw diseases using the Scopus database. A combination of keywords "hoof disease AND bovine OR cattle OR cow" was used. Publications were classified according to the type, language, subject area, source title, author, affiliation, and country/territory. The documents were grouped later into thematic topics. The diseases evaluated in each study were quantified separately and in related groups, and distributed by decades. The frequencies of the thematic topics and diseases were compared by the chi-square test for adherence. In total, 642 publications were analyzed (595 articles, 46 reviews, and 1 note). Most of these papers were written in English (518). The main subject areas were Veterinary; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; and Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology. Journal of Dairy Science was the journal that published most articles in the area, with the best citations (SCImago Journal Rank = 1.21). The authors with the highest number of publications were Johann Kofler with 19, and David Nixon Logue and Jan Keith Shearer with 18 documents each. By affiliation, the institution with the highest number of publications was the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. By country or territory, the United States of America (22%), the United Kingdom (17%), Germany (11%), and Canada (10%) together accounted for 60% of the publications. The classification of the documents into thematic topics resulted in four groups: Specific hoof diseases (70%), General hoof diseases (14%), Lameness (11%), and Healthy hoof characterization (5%). Eighteen foot and claw diseases have been studied, with the following being the most frequent: digital dermatitis (17%), sole ulcer (15%), and white line disease (11%). When grouped, laminitis-related diseases represented 48% and infectious diseases represented 38% of the studies. Overall, just over half a century of research on cattle foot and claw diseases, bovine digital dermatitis is the most studied disease. Grouping related disorders revealed that laminitis-related diseases are being studied more than infectious diseases since the 1980s, from when studies on individual foot diseases in cattle increased to the detriment of studies that aimed to evaluate them as a unique problem. Our study, the first scientometric analysis in the subject area, compiles valuable information that can help researchers to develop future projects.
The Impact of Harmful Acts in Marketing Channel Relationships

In many channel marketing relationships, one partner in the relationship will engage in an action that another party deems harmful. This has implications for the long term viability and success of the relationship. This paper focuses on the personal and organisational responses to harmful acts, grounding this consideration in the literature and theories of alienation. This usefulness of this approach is then explored through the analysis of qualitative data collected via in-depth interviews with information technology distributors questioning the nature and impact of harmful acts (HAs) perpetrated by information technology vendors on distributors. Preliminary findings indicate that inline with previous theories, the HAs are grounded in the relationship, past, present and future with the perceived intensity of the HA associated the before and after the HA was carried out (Anderson and Weitz 1992; Kumar, Hibbard et al. 1994). The nature and intensity of the HA will impact the way a distributor will respond. HAs that were found to be damaging to distributors were vendors taking business direct and excluding distribution, bullying tactics, distributor consolidation, over committing a distributor to carry excess inventory to meet vendors sales targets. The response to the HA applies alienation theory with reference to the Tantalus Ratio (Shoham 1980) which explains the desire for a distributor to participate and resolve the HA issue and a psychological tension to separate from the HA. According to this approach, the relational consequences will impact the relationship quality and contribute to negative performance outcomes by the vendor. The managerial implications for vendor channel mangers is to recognise and manage HAs with distributors or suffer decreasing sales and weak relationship bonds.
Experimental determination of representative elementary volume of sands using X-ray computed tomography

The concept of a representative elementary volume (REV) provides an effective means of developing macroscopic measures in the description of granular materials. However, due to the difficulties associated with the measurement and characterization of granular microstructure the existence and size of an REV has remained largely conjectural. This study presents a systematic method to examine the characteristics of the REV using X-ray computed tomography images. The 3-D images of Silica sand, and Ottawa sand have been characterized using advanced image processing techniques. The porosity variation of Silica sand and Ottawa sand showed three characteristic regions: an initial fluctuation region due to microscopic variations, a constant plateau region, and a region with a monotonic increase/decrease due to heterogeneity. The results show that for Silica sand composed mainly of elongated particles the REV is between 5 to 11 times of D50 and for Ottawa sand composed mainly of subrounded particles is between 9 to 16 times of D50.
A SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURE SOUTHWEST OF VITI L E W , FIJI: THE BARAVI BASIN

Geophysical data collected during the cruise EVA VI, jointly organized by ORSTOM and NOAA/NOS, identified a basin 2 to 2.5 km deep, oriented NNW-SSE, 20 km southwest of Viti Levu Island, Fiji. Its main features are: (1) Length 80 km; width 30 km (from a preliminary bathymetric map); (2) Sediment thickness equivalent to 2 s (two-way travel time) on a single-channel seismicreflection profiler; (3) a -70 mgal gravity anomaly indicating a sedimentary section 3 km thick; (4) commencement of filling in Early Miocene times. The hypothesis that the basin was formerly connected with the Aoba Basin, New Hebrides, is discussed.
A Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11ax Networks

The paper is focused on the forthcoming IEEE 802.11ax standard and its influence on Wi-Fi networks performance. The most important features dedicated to improve transmission effectiveness are presented. Furthermore, the simulation results of a new transmission modes are described. The comparison with the legacy IEEE 802.11n/ac standards shows that even partial implementation of a new standard should bring significant throughput improvements.
Seed longevity of Buchanania siamensis in reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand

Ku-or Y, Leksungnoen N, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Andriyas T. 2020. Seed longevity of Buchanania siamensis Miq. in reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 743-747. Inland salinity is a grave threat to soil fertility as it causes loss of arable land. Salt-tolerant species, such as Buchanania siamensis Miq. , can be used for the reclamation of land affected by salinity. We investigated the appropriate conditions to store the seeds of B. siamensis and the storage duration after which the seeds can still germinate. Storage methods included cooling at 4°C and storing at room temperature (between 25-30°C). Seeds kept at 4°C had low germination (6.75% ± 1.71), with longevity of only up to a week, compared to seeds stored at room temperature, which had germination of 94% ± 4.00 and could be stored for more than 200 days. Seed-longevity test was conducted at 14 levels (the number of storage days). Germination was reduced by 50% after 3.5 months, indicating that the seed could only be stored for the short term. The seeds were classified as having an intermediate behavior in which the germination increased exponentially with increasing seed moisture content. We recommend that seeds be stored at a temperature between 25 and 30°C, with sowing done within 3.5 months to obtain germination at or above 50%.
Association of Educational Interventions with Clinician Learning and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patient Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Recent studies have shown that educational interventions for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention may result in positive outcomes in intensive care units. However, other studies investigating this kind of intervention have produced inconsistent results. Thus this paper reports a protocol for systematic review and planned meta-analysis to investigate the association of instituted VAP educational interventions with clinician learning and patient outcomes. In this review, the authors will identify relevant citations from electronic databases, reference lists, and other sources; screen articles against predetermined eligibility criteria; appraise each study using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment
EFFEX : a tool to model the consequences of dust explosions

Some accidents, such as the explosion of the silo in Blaye in August 1997, remind us that explosions of combustible dust can have serious consequences, not only for the industrial installations concerned but also for the environment. The necessity of being able to estimate the effects of an explosion of this type became apparent at the beginning of the 1990s. Owing to the complexity of this subject which involves the mechanical resistance of structures, flame propagation and fluid mechanics, etc., a simulation tool clearly had to be developed. It was in these circumstances that EFFEX was developed. EFFEX is not a software based on the discretization of space but it solves differential equations, each variable of which is considered to be a time function. This is therefore an "integral" type of software code. It is made up of a set of eight modules covering the characterisation of the explosion conditions, the estimation of the mechanical behaviour of the containment and the evaluation of the consequences. Comparison of the results for each of the main modules shows satisfactory consistency with available experimental results. Trials using EFFEX to simulate past accidents, including the transmission and reinforcement of the explosion between subsequent volumes, in order to verify the satisfactory linking of the various modules gave results that were similar to the actual consequences. Several tens of calculation were made so far on silo type of equipments and a synthesis is proposed in addition to a general description of the software.