Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beam Line Design for the CERN Hiradmat Test Facility

The LHC phase II collimation project requires beam shock and impact tests of materials used for beam intercepting devices. Similar tests are also of great interest for other accelerator components such as beam entrance/exit windows and protection devices. For this purpose a dedicated High Radiation Material test facility (HiRadMat) is under study. This facility may be installed at CERN at the location of a former beam line. This paper describes the associated beam line which is foreseen to deliver a 450 GeV proton beam from the SPS with an intensity of up to 3×10 protons per shot. Different beam line designs will be compared and the choice of the beam steering and diagnostic elements will be discussed, as well as operational issues. INTRODUCTION A characteristic of the LHC is its large stored energy of 360 MJ per beam. In case of an incident, the energy deposition on accelerator components can exceed by far the damage threshold of the most robust materials. Thereby, damage created by thermal shock waves could occur much below the melting point. Damaged components like e.g. vacuum vessels or evaporated collimator materials can severely disturb the LHC operation and must therefore be avoided. In view of the planned LHC intensity upgrade this will even be a greater challenge. Therefore, tests of near-beam components with LHC type high-intensity beams must be performed prior to their installation. This includes materials and complete accelerator components such as collimators [1], absorbers, windows and dumps. Furthermore, for the first time, the effect of thermal shock waves on superconducting magnets at cryogenic temperatures could be measured. In the past, beam shock impact experiments have been performed in TT40 [2]. As TT40 is part of the transfer lines to the LHC and CNGS [3] it must provide a constant and reliable operation, excluding any further tests in this location. Therefore, a dedicated irradiation facility for beam shock impact experiments – the HiRadMat facility – has been proposed [4]. In this paper different possible designs of its primary beam line are presented. PROPERTIES OF THE FACILITY
A Review of Metrics and Modeling Techniques in Software Fault Prediction Model Development

This paper surveys different software fault predictions progressed through different data analytic techniques reported in the software engineering literature. This study split in three broad areas; (a) The description of software metrics suites reported and validated in the literature. (b) A brief outline of previous research published in the development of software fault prediction model based on various analytic techniques. This utilizes the taxonomy of analytic techniques while summarizing published research. (c) A review of the advantages of using the combination of metrics. Though, this area is comparatively new and needs more research efforts.
A note on hierarchy of universal relations for neutron stars in terms of multipole moments

Recent studies of the analytical and numerical models of neutron stars suggest that their exterior field can be well approximated by only four arbitrary parameters of the 2-soliton solution of Einstein’s equations, which gives rise to the so-called no-hair conjecture for neutron stars proposed by Yagi et al. By assuming that the latter conjecture is correct, we show that there exists an infinite hierarchy of universal relations for neutron stars in terms of multipole moments that arises as a series of the degeneration conditions for generic soliton solutions. The analysis of the simplest of these relations involving the hexadecapole mass moment is able to reveal which of the known equations of state for the stellar interior are most consistent with the Yagi et al conjecture.
An Analysis of Coordinate Changes of the Permanent Geodetic Stations KRAW and KRA1 During the Flood in 2010

In the middle of 2010 on Polish territory occurred a flood, in consequence large areas along the Vistula and Odra River were flooded. This flood was one of the largest recorded so far. The water level in the Vistula River in many locations exceeded the level of the flood in 1997. Also, in Cracow in the second half of May and the beginning of June a very high state of the Vistula River level was recorded. After passing the first wave of the flood in mid-May’s, in result of return intense rainfall in early June the water level again overran alarm states in the upper basin of the Vistula and Odra River.
Towards “ Tera-Terra ” : Terabase Sequencing of Terrestrial Metagenomes Microbial ecologists are taking a metagenomics approach to analyze complex and diverse soil microbial communities

F rom a microbiological perspective, soil is largely unexplored even though we know it has a rich diversity of microbial life. Depending on its physical and chemical properties, soil can contain 10-10 microbial cells per gram, including tens of thousands of different bacterial, archaeal, and fungal species, plus viruses and protists. Soil microbes carry out life-sustaining functions for our planet, including cycling of nutrients and promoting plant growth. Respiring soil microorganisms, producing metabolic byproducts such as carbon dioxide and methane, cycle enormous volumes of carbon-containing gases from the terrestrial ecosystem into the atmosphere. Perturbing this ecosystem—for example, when global warming raises temperatures—potentially alters the flux of these gases. Despite the immensity of the carbon reservoir in soil (approximately 2,300 gigatons), its fate in the face of climate change is not known. The high diversity of soil microbial communities makes them difficult to study. Exacerbating this difficulty, few soil microorganisms are amenable to isolation and cultivation, steps that in conventional terms are crucial for elucidating microbial physiology and biochemistry. Although most isolated soil bacteria are “weeds” such as pseudomonads and actinobacteria, 16S rRNA gene surveys reveal that few species from the great bulk of soil bacteria have cultured representatives. For example, members of the Acidobacteria phylum are widespread in soil but are notoriously difficult to cultivate. To address these issues, microbial ecologists are now using a metagenomics approach, sequencing soil DNA to develop a better understanding of the microbial identities and their potential functions in soils.
Comparison of the Oxygen Diffusing Capacity of the Picui Ground Dove (Columbina picui) with Other Doves of Chile

Se estudio la densidad de superficie respiratoria y el espesor de la barrera sangre-aire en la Tortolita cuyana (Columbina picui), y se comparo con la Tortola cordillerana (Metropelia melanoptera) y la Tortola (Zenaida auriculata), dos especies mas grandes. Como era de esperar, en C. picui el metabolismo basal y el metabolismo maximo fueron mas altos que los de especies mas grandes, pero de acuerdo a lo esperado para el tamano corporal. La densidad de la superficie respiratoria y el espesor de la barrera sangre-aire no fueron diferentes entre las diferentes especies de tortolas. Sin embargo C. picui mostro un factor de difusion anatomica inferior a M. melanoptera y Z. auriculata. C. picui tuvo valores bajos de capacidad de difusion de oxigeno, como las aves cursoriales. A una diferencia de presion parcial de oxigeno de 7,5 Kpa, un valor habitual a nivel del mar, apenas podria satisfacer sus necesidades de energia maxima y esto significa que tendria serias limitaciones para vivir a gran altura, lo cual es coherente con la observacion de que esta especie habita en las tierras bajas y en la zona precordillerana de los Andes.
The use of maggots in canine, feline and equine wound care

Maggots' abilities to aid in treatment of infected and necrotic wounds have been known for centuries. Larval therapy (LT) was used frequently in human patients in the first half of the 20th century, but usage declined with the introduction of antibiotics. It regained popularity only recently due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In veterinary patients though, the treatment is still rare, and clinical studies are few and of poor quality. The objective of this veterinary nursing under-graduate project is to assemble relevant literature on larval therapy to form a theoretical foundation from which further steps towards clinical use of LT in companion animals can be taken. Currently, maggots are used in humans primarily to treat chronic ulcers not responding to conventional treatment. Indications for use in small animals include pressure ulcers and traumatic wounds. In horses LT is most commonly used to treat different diseases of the hoof. Findings indicate that maggots are effective in debridement and disinfection of wounds, as well as promoting granulation tissue formation. Maggots are also effective in treating wounds colonised with MRSA. Adverse effects are few and infrequent, with pain being the most commonly mentioned. In practice, sterile larvae are applied to the wound either freely or contained in a biobag. Dressings are adapted to enclose maggots, to be absorbent of heavy exudation while still allowing oxygen to reach the maggots and to protect the peri wound skin from wound exudate and larval excretions/secretions. For clinical use in the veterinary field, further research is required in several areas, including establishing number of maggots needed for safe yet efficient treatment and determining which patients are likely to benefit from the therapy. Problems to overcome related to veterinary nursing are likely to be difficulties in dressing wounds, prevention and identification of pain and overcoming issues with owner acceptance of therapy.
AGRA Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa AIC Association Interprofessionnelle du Coton ARD Agricultural Research and Development CASE Competitive Agricultural Systems and Enterprises CeRPA Centre Régional de Promotion Agricole CLCAM Caisse Locale de Crédit Agricole Mutuel FCFA Benin national

In Benin, in response to the declining soil fertility and its effects on food insecurity and natural resources, farmers supported by external agents such as researchers, extension services and NGOs have developed new soil fertility management practices. In this study, we trace the history of the development of Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) initiatives in three different agro-ecological zones of Benin and highlight the different development phases and outcomes. We also present the different innovations that accompanied the use of ISFM practices, their triggers, the stakeholders involved and their role. The methodology adopted is qualitative case study research, where data were collected then analysed and finally validated by respondents. The data were collected through documents, semi-structure interviews of purposefully selected respondents and direct observation. The findings shows that ISFM practices besides being knowledge-intensive are often expensive in time and money but can raised crop yield and reduce food insecurity of the household. Some key factors for the success of ISFM initiatives had been drawn from the case studies which are: availability of technological options where soil fertility is a by-product, implication of farmers and farmers’ local knowledge during the entire development of soil fertility strategies, existence of partnerships between different stakeholders with wide range of expertise (e.g. economy, ecology, social sciences) and activities (e.g. buyers, input suppliers, credit supplier, policy-makers), easy access to inputs, output and financial market. It also demonstrates that technological changes need to be combined with social and institutional changes that create an enable environment for scaling-up of innovation. Thus, it is recommended to use an innovation system-based approach and not focusing on either the production or the marketing alone, but better working on the issue as a whole.
A Comparison of Traditional, Trial-Based, and Synthesized Contingency Trial-Based Functional Analyses

Researchers have developed functional analyses (FAs) to improve efficiency and correspondence that still use core components of the traditional format. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the correspondence between the trial-based FA and the traditional FA. I also evaluated the correspondence between the synthesized-contingency trial-based FA and the traditional FA. Within this study, I determined that by combining methods, I was able to reduce false negatives for escape found within the trial-based FAs and false-positives found within the synthesized contingency FAs.
Fast and memory-efficient rigid object detection using a ternary node test fern

In this paper, we propose a fast and memory-efficient detection algorithm for rigid objects. First, we propose a ternary node test fern classifier (called t-fern) which combines the robustness of local ternary patterns (LTP) with the discriminative power of a binary node test fern classifier (called b-fern). More specifically our proposed t-fern uses ternary node tests like the LTP and selects node test locations randomly in a larger patch like the b-fern. Then, we propose a rigid object detection algorithm which combines this t-fern with a Hough voting scheme. In the training phase, t-ferns learn the relationship between local patterns and voting information (voting locations and voting weights). In the testing phase, the identified local patterns through the t-ferns cast votes to the most probable locations of objects. In this way, our algorithm can achieve a high detection rate with high speed and memory efficiency. Experiments have been carried out with rigid object datasets such as the UIUC car, the TUD motorbike and the Weizmann horse datasets, showing state-of-the-art performance in the detection rate that is close to or better than that of existing methods. In addition, our algorithm seems to be ten times faster than other algorithms for both training and testing while using quite little memory, which is becoming more and more important in mobile environment.
Influence of Supervisory Control on Salesperson Performance: Examining the Role of Adaptive Selling Behaviour as a Mediator

Salespersons are the key marketing agent and they play a significant role in determining business successes of firms. In today's highly competitive business environment, firms are attempting to outperform each other. Product quality and performance are no longer the key differentiating factor. The competitive edge of competing firms has shifted to the performance of the salespersons and the effectiveness of managing them. Nevertheless, achieving salesperson performance remains as one of the most challenging tasks of sales management today. This study aims to examine the effect of supervisory control on salesperson performance and the mediating role of salesperson's adaptive selling behaviour in the relationship between supervisory control and salesperson performance. Based on a sample of pharmaceutical salespersons in Malaysia, the results revealed that supervisory control of activity control has a significant positive relationship on salesperson performance, and adaptive selling behaviour significantly mediates the relationship between activity control and salesperson performance. Implications, limitations of the research and improvements for future studies were discussed.
Registration of the Roads with the Use of a Satellite Image and a Road Map: Application to Road Map Update

Among different satellite images analysis tasks, roads registration plays an extremely important role as it is often the essential step for various applications such as improving the approach of the road network extraction, update map and producing a new map. In this paper, we present an iterative algorithm for linear registration of roads with the use of satellite images of Algeria and a road map. The proposed approach incorporates a priori information given by the road network of the road map extracted from the corresponding satellite image. The proposed algorithm was tested on the satellite images; the experimental results show that this algorithm achieved good results.
Sternal perforation and bifid ribs. A possible familial case 5400 years old, an example of epigenetic control of development?

Two men buried in the same grave in the predynastic burial ground of Adaima (Upper Egypt, around 3400 B.C. evince thoracic anomalies. One man had a bifid rib and the other a sternal perforation. Amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA suggested they were maternally related. In the light of these findings, we therefore sought the genetic determinism of these characteristics; they may be minor developmental anomalies arising from a similar genetic determinism with epigenic control of development. This hypothesis raises a number of implications for anthropobiological study.
Biochemical properties of crude extracellular proteases from Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL5 and Micrococcus luteus 11A

In this work, we have reported an enzymatic activity and biochemical properties of extracellular proteases from Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL5 and Micrococcus luteus 11A. C. salexigens BKL5 and M. luteus 11A were previously isolated from Bledug Kuwu mud volcano and dietary industry wastewater treatment, respectively. Both bacterial strains were able to produce extracellular proteases, when grown on minimal agar medium supplemented with 1% of skim milk. Proteolytic indexes of C. salexigens BKL5 and M. luteus 11A were 2.5±0.14 and 2.9±0.42, respectively. Both extracellular proteases exhibited optimum enzymatic activity at pH 7, with specific activity of C. salexigens BKL5 was 13.3% higher than that of M. luteus 11A. Optimum temperature for enzymatic activity of both proteases was 45°C. Metal cofactor preferences assay showed that extracellular protease from C. salexigens BKL5 preferred Zn2+, meanwhile extracellular protease from M. luteus 11A mainly preferred Ca2+ ion. Metal cofactor preferences assay also suggested that crude extracellular protease from C. salexigens BKL5 was categorized as metalloprotease, meanwhile crude extracellular protease of M. luteus 11A was common neutral protease. The enzymatic stability assay against various salt concentrations showed that crude extracellular protease from C. salexigens BKL5 was more stable than that of M. luteus 11A.
Application of portable FTIR spectrometers for detecting greenhouse gas emissions of the major city Berlin

Abstract. Five portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometers have been used for the accurate and precise observation of column-averaged abundances of CO2 and CH4 around the major city Berlin. In the work by Frey et al. (2015), a calibration procedure is developed and applied to the set of spectrometers used for the Berlin campaign. Here, we describe the observational setup of the campaign and aspects of the data analysis, and we present the recorded time series of XCH4 and XCO2. We demonstrate that the CO2 emissions of Berlin can be clearly identified in the observations. A simple dispersion model is applied which indicates a total strength of the Berlin source of about 0.8 t CO2 s−1. In the Supplement of this work, we provide the measured data set and auxiliary data. We hope that the model community will exploit this unique data set for state-of-the art inversion studies of CO2 and CH4 sources in the Berlin area.
SPC based software reliability using Modified Genetic Algorithm: GO model

To assess software reliability, many software reliability growth models (SRGMs) have been proposed in the past four decades. In principle, two widely used methods for the parameter estimation of SRGMs are the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and the least squares estimation (LSE). However, the approach of these two estimations may impose some restrictions on SRGMs, such as the existence of derivatives from formulated models or the needs for complex calculation. In this paper, a Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) with Statistical Process Control (SPC) is proposed to assess the reliability of software considering the Time domain software failure data using Goel-Okumoto (GO) model which is NonHomogenous Poisson Process (NHPP) based. Experiments based on real software failure data are performed, and the results show that the proposed genetic algorithm is more effective and faster than traditional algorithms.
Effect of Different Concentration of Plant Hormones (IBA and NAA) on Rooting and Growth Factors in Root and Stem Cuttings of Cordyline Terminalis

In this research the effect of different concentrations of Indolebutyric Acid, Naphthalene Acetic Acid and the combination of these two regulators on rooting and root growth factors of root and branch grafts of Cordyline terminalis were considered. The graft instances were produces from the mother branches which were planted in greenhouse. This experiments in completely random model framework and with 4 replications and 16 treatments was performed. IBA and NAA regulator in 4 levels include 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/L and IBA + NAA combination consist of 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 ، 0111 + 0111 mg/L was imposed the end of grafts were put in above solution around 5 seconds and the factors such as callus percent, the percent of the grafts that have root, moisture weight, dry weight, number and Length of root and number of branch were studied. The results was showed that highest of root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length and number of branches is regard to the treatment of combined density NAA (2000) + IBA 1000 mg/L that had the meaningful difference in statistical level of 5%. Meanwhile, this treatment was not meaningful on callus percent, percent rooting root number in statistical level of 5%.
Influence of cooking methods on bioactive compounds in beetroot

Beetroot is rich in bioactive compounds that may provide health benefits. However, vegetable tissues are physically and chemically damaged by cooking, causing major changes to compounds in cell membranes. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of several cooking methods on bioactive compounds in beetroot. Four heat treatments were carried out: steam cooking, pressure cooking, baking in an oven, and boiling in water. Beets were matched in uniformity of size, color, and absence of defects. They were washed thoroughly in running water to remove dirt. Next, one of the four cooking methods was applied. After cooking, beets were peeled by hand. Analysis was carried out on both uncooked and cooked beets to evaluate antioxidant activity, content of phenolic compounds, pigments, flavonoids, and betalains. The experiment was completely randomized design (CRD) and carried out in triplicate. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test, p < 0.05) and mean values compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no change in antioxidant activity or total phenolic and anthocyanin content by any of the cooking methods compared to that in raw beetroots. However, pressure-cooking resulted in lower carotenoid levels compared to that in raw beet. Furthermore, flavonoid and betalain content decreased by all the cooking methods.