Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of an X-Ray Quasar Wind Driving the Cold Gas Outflow in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS F05189-2524

We present new XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the galaxy merger IRAS F05189-2524, which is classified as an ultraluminous infrared galaxy and optical Seyfert 2 at z = 0.0426. We test a variety of spectral models that yield a best fit consisting of an absorbed power law with emission and absorption features in the Fe K band. Remarkably, we find evidence for a blueshifted Fe K absorption feature at E = 7.8 keV (rest frame) which implies an ultrafast outflow (UFO) with vout = 0.11 ± 0.01c. We calculate that the UFO in IRAS F05189-2524 has a mass outflow rate of yr−1, a kinetic power of 8% LAGN, and a momentum rate (or force) of . Comparing the energetics of the UFO to the observed multi-phase outflows at kiloparsec scales yields an efficiency factor of f ∼ 0.05 for an energy-driven outflow. Given the uncertainties, however, we cannot exclude the possibility of a momentum-driven outflow. Comparing IRAS F05189-2524 with nine other objects with observed UFOs and large-scale galactic outflows suggests that there is a range of efficiency factors for the coupling of the energetics of the nuclear and galaxy-scale outflows that likely depend on specific physical conditions in each object.
Modeling of soil water retention from saturation to oven dryness

Most analytical formulas used to model moisture retention in unsaturated porous media have been developed for the wet range and are unsuitable for applications in which low water contents are important. We have developed two models that fit the entire range from saturation to oven dryness in a practical and physically realistic way with smooth, continuous functions that have few parameters. Both models incorporate a power law and a logarithmic dependence of water content on suction, differing in how these two components are combined. In one model, functions are added together (model “sum”); in the other they are joined smoothly together at a discrete point (model “junction”). Both models also incorporate recent developments that assure a continuous derivative and force the function to reach zero water content at a finite value of suction that corresponds to oven dryness. The models have been tested with seven sets of water retention data that each cover nearly the entire range. The three-parameter sum model fits all data well and is useful for extrapolation into the dry range when data for it are unavailable. The two-parameter junction model fits most data sets almost as well as the sum model and has the advantage of being analytically integrable for convenient use with capillary-bundle models to obtain the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.
Fiscal Policy Matters

The paper sets out a multiple-trend DSGE model designed, calibrated and estimated to match key stylized facts about the Slovak economy. The model includes a detailed fiscal policy block that allows a thorough analysis of fiscal policy measures and evaluate country’s fiscal policy credibility using interest rate spreads. The estimated model is firstly employed to identify the structural economic shocks that drive the economy and determine the sources of the forecast uncertainty. The empirical analysis emphasizes the importance of the foreign shocks on domestic GDP, trade and employment growth and high influence of productivity shocks on inflation and labour market dynamics. Next, using the model we study the response of the economy to a technology shock and to a foreign demand shock under alternative fiscal adjustment scenarios. We find that a well-designed programme involving increases in transfers as well as tax cuts can stabilize the economy in the short run and improve longer-term growth prospects following a shock with adverse fiscal implications. We analyse the consequences of fiscal policy shocks in and away from the steady state of the model. The exercise yields implied fiscal multipliers that are in line with standard literature. Raising capital and labour tax especially is particularly bad for the real economy, mainly in the long run. On the other hand, cutting subsidies and unproductive government consumption are the least harmful way of reducing spending, while reduction in the public wage bill and public investment has negative implications on household consumption and wealth.
Forecasting Austrian HICP and its Components using VAR and ARIMA Models

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of VAR and ARIMA models to forecast Austrian HICP inflation. Additionally, we investigate whether disaggregate modelling of five subcomponents of inflation is superior to specifications of headline HICP inflation. Our modelling procedure is to find adequate VAR and ARIMA specifications that minimise the 12 months out-of-sample forecasting error. The main findings are twofold. First, VAR models outperform the ARIMA models in terms of forecasting accuracy over the longer pro- jection horizon (8 to 12 months ahead). Second, a disaggregated ap- proach improves forecasting accuracy substantially for ARIMA mod- els. In case of the VAR approach the superiority of modelling the five subcomponents instead of just considering headline HICP inflation is demonstrated only over the longer period (10 to 12 months ahead).
Primary decomposition in the smooth concordance group of topologically slice knots

Abstract We address primary decomposition conjectures for knot concordance groups, which predict direct sum decompositions into primary parts. We show that the smooth concordance group of topologically slice knots has a large subgroup for which the conjectures are true and there are infinitely many primary parts, each of which has infinite rank. This supports the conjectures for topologically slice knots. We also prove analogues for the associated graded groups of the bipolar filtration of topologically slice knots. Among ingredients of the proof, we use amenable $L^2$ -signatures, Ozsváth-Szabó d-invariants and Némethi’s result on Heegaard Floer homology of Seifert 3-manifolds. In an appendix, we present a general formulation of the notion of primary decomposition.
Numerical Simulations of NMR Responses for Improved Interpretations of NMR Measurements in Reservoir Rocks

We reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of Fontainebleau sandstone samples of different porosities by a process-based reconstruction method. Permeabilities of the reconstructed media are computed by solving the Stokes equations, while the formation factors are computed by solving a Lapl acian equation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) responses are determined by a random walk simulation, and the results are compared with experimental data. Permeabilities estimated from commonly used NMR correlations are compared with the computed permeabilities. The comparison shows that the accuracy of the NMR-derived permeabilities can be improved significantly by accounting for tortuosity effects and variations in surface relaxivity.
Test ing Equiva lence as a

1 I n t r o d u c t i o n A common approach to the verification of systems involves the use of "high-level" systems as specifications of lower-level ones. The higher-level system describes abstractly the behaviour required of the implementation, while the lower-level one details the proposed implementation. To establish that the proposed implementation satisfies its specification it is then necessary to prove a relationship between the higher-level and lower-level processes. Many relationships have been proposed in the literature as being suitable. They are either equivalences, in which case one must show that the implementation provides exactly the behaviour stipulated by the specification, or preorders, in which case one shows that the implementation provides at least the behaviour required. Within this relation-based framework the two most developed schools of thought are the following. 1. Bisimulations [13, 15, 16] Equivalences and preorders are given in terms of recursively defined relations called bisimulations and pnebisimulations, respectively. The formulation is mathematically elegant and yields efficient algorithms for determining if finite-state processes are related [9, 14]. However, it is often the case that *Research supported by British Science and Engineeering Research Council grant GC/D69464.
Desiccation-induced ultrastructural and biochemical changes in the leaves of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia

Light microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy were used to systematically compare the surface and internal ultrastructures of hydrated and desiccated leaves of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia (Welw.). This revealed that leaf tissue underwent considerable shrinkage and collapse on desiccation but was supported by a framework of vascular and sclerenchymous tissue, which is responsible for the fan-like shape of the leaves. In addition, the leaf ribs were covered with wax and an internal wax cuticle was observed. Biochemical analysis showed that the cyanidin 3-glucoside content increased on desiccation as did the trehalose and sucrose contents. Salt deposits were observed at the apices of desiccated leaves in the proximity of hydathode-like structures. We propose that this might regulate the leaf salt content since decreased intracellular cation concentration was observed in desiccated leaves. We believe that these unique adaptations contribute to the remarkable desiccation-tolerance properties of this plant.
Effects of physical ecosystem engineering and herbivory on intertidal community structure

Physical ecosystem engineers play dominant roles in a wide variety of communities. While many of the direct, positive effects of ecosystem engineers are readily apparent, the roles of engineers are often mediated by indirect interactions stemming from the facilitation of one or a few key species. Although direct and indirect effects are both critical drivers of community dynamics, they are rarely considered together with regards to ecosystem engineering. In the present study barnacle and herbivorous gastropod densities are experimentally manipulated to investigate the direct positive effects of habitat provision by barnacles as well as indirect effects mediated by mollus- can grazers. Molluscan grazers (Littorina spp.) and herbivorous arthropods were positively influ- enced by the presence of barnacles. Arthropod abundance and species richness were lower when Littorina spp. were present. This pattern was not influenced by barnacle cover, suggesting that competition among herbivore functional groups was strong but independent of biogenic habitat complexity. In addition, Littorina spp. had strong negative effects on the filamentous alga Urospora penicilliformis, but this effect was only seen in the absence of barnacles. Finally, Littorina spp. reduced the recruitment of the principal habitat-forming barnacle Balanus glandula, suggesting that Littorina spp. may mediate a negative feedback loop in B. glandula population dynamics. Given the ubiquity of ecosystem engineers, similar combinations of direct and indirect influences may have far-reaching consequences for community dynamics and species richness in a wide range of systems.
The International CAPM Redux

We provide evidence that international equity investors are compensated for bearing currency risk. Three factors --- a global equity factor denominated in local currencies, and two currency factors, dollar and carry --- account for a wide cross-section of equity returns from 46 developed and emerging countries from 1976 to the present. They are also useful at explaining the risks of international mutual funds and hedge funds. A simple complete-markets model replicates our empirical findings. The model implies a novel perspective on optimal currency hedging.
Improved Genetic Algorithm for Intrusion Detection System Ms .

The Internet has become a part of daily life and an essential tool today. Internet has been used as an important component of business models. Therefore, It is very important to maintain a high level security to ensure safe and trusted communication of information between various organizations. Intrusion detection is one of the important security constraints for maintaining the integrity of information. Various approaches have been applied in past that are less effective to curb the menace of intrusion. There are large amount of network traffic captured in terms of number of features and number of record, so it is very difficult to process all the network traffic before making any decision about normal or abnormal. So it is having longer training time and complexity. Thus the purpose is to provide an intrusion detection system (IDS), by modifying the genetic algorithm to network intrusion detection system. As we have applied attribute subset reduction on the basis of Information gain. So the training time and complexity reduced considerably. we embedded a soft computing approach in rule generation, so Generated rule can detect attack with more efficiency.
Role of Brownian motion on the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids

This study involves Brownian dynamics simulations of a real nanofluid system in which the interparticle potential is determined based on Debye length and surface interaction of the fluid and the solid. This paper shows that Brownian motion can increase the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid by 6% primarily due to “random walk” motion and not only through diffusion. This increase is limited by the maximum concentration for each particle size and is below that predicted by the effective medium theory. Beyond the maximum limit, particle aggregates begin to form. Brownian motion contribution stays as a constant beyond a certain particle diameter.
Quantifying the Influence of Jupiter on the Earth’s Orbital Cycles

A wealth of Earth-sized exoplanets will be discovered in the coming years, providing a large pool of candidates from which the targets for the search for life beyond the solar system will be chosen. The target selection process will require the leveraging of all available information in order to maximize the robustness of the target list and make the most productive use of follow-up resources. Here, we present the results of a suite of n-body simulations that demonstrate the degree to which the orbital architecture of the solar system impacts the variability of Earth’s orbital elements. By varying the orbit of Jupiter and keeping the initial orbits of the other planets constant, we demonstrate how subtle changes in solar system architecture could alter the Earth’s orbital evolution—a key factor in the Milankovitch cycles that alter the amount and distribution of solar insolation, thereby driving periodic climate change on our planet. The amplitudes and frequencies of Earth’s modern orbital cycles fall in the middle of the range seen in our runs for all parameters considered—neither unusually fast nor slow, neither large nor small. This finding runs counter to the “Rare Earth” hypothesis, which suggests that conditions on Earth are so unusual that life elsewhere is essentially impossible. Our results highlight how dynamical simulations of newly discovered exoplanetary systems could be used as an additional means to assess the potential targets of biosignature searches, and thereby help focus the search for life to the most promising targets.
Magnetar birth: rotation rates and gravitational-wave emission

Understanding the evolution of the angle χ between a magnetar’s rotation and magnetic axes sheds light on the star’s birth properties. This evolution is coupled with that of the stellar rotation Ω, and depends on the competing effects of internal viscous dissipation and external torques. We study this coupled evolution for a model magnetar with a strong internal toroidal field, extending previous work by modelling – for the first time in this context – the strong protomagnetar wind acting shortly after birth. We also account for the effect of buoyancy forces on viscous dissipation at late times. Typically, we find that χ → 90° shortly after birth, then decreases towards 0° over hundreds of years. From observational indications that magnetars typically have small χ, we infer that these stars are subject to a stronger average exterior torque than radio pulsars, and that they were born spinning faster than ∼100–300 Hz. Our results allow us to make quantitative predictions for the gravitational and electromagnetic signals from a newborn rotating magnetar. We also comment briefly on the possible connection with periodic fast radio burst sources.
The Megamaser Cosmology Project − XII. VLBI imaging of H2O maser emission in three active galaxies and the effect of AGN winds on disc dynamics

We present VLBI images and kinematics of water maser emission in three active galaxies: NGC 5728, Mrk 1, and IRAS 08452-0011. IRAS 08452-0011 is a triple-peaked H2O megamaser, consistent with a Keplerian rotating disk, indicating a black hole mass of (3.3+/-0.2)x10^7 M_sun. NGC 5728 and Mrk 1 display double-peaked spectra and VLBI imaging reveal complicated gas kinematics, which do not allow for a robust determination of black hole mass. The two systems are either gas disks perturbed by AGN winds or part of outflows. We find that disturbed morphology and kinematics are a ubiquitous feature of all double-peaked maser systems, implying that these maser sources may reside in environments where AGN winds are prominent at ~1 pc scale and have significant impact on the masing gas. Such AGN tend to have black hole mass M_BH ~ 0.1, while the triple-peaked megamasers show an opposite trend.
FOOD HABITS AND TROPHIC NICHE OVERLAP OF THE RED FOX , EUROPEAN WILD CAT AND COMMON GENET IN THE PENEDA-GERÊS NATIONAL

The preliminary results of studies on food niches of predators in a mountain habitat are presented. The diet of Vulpes vulpes, Felis silvestris and Genetta genetta was determined by scat analyses. Data was collected from a study area located in the Peneda-Gerês National Park from January to December at altitudes ranging from 800m to 1250m in open and wooded areas, dominated by Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica. Results are expressed as frequency of occurrence, and consumed biomass was estimated. Trophic diversity of predators was evaluated and their diet overlap measured. The comparison of the diets of the three carnivores showed two different feeding strategies: (i) high consumption of Rodents and Lagomorphs by red fox and wild cat; (ii) high consumption of Rodents (with a great predominance of Apodemus sylvaticus) and Insectivores by genet. To explain this pattern of resource exploitation we discuss two hypothesis based on abundance of feeding resources and space use by predators.
COPING, STRESS AND SUICIDE IDEATION IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE

The objective of this research was to determine whether suicide ideation in the South African Police Service in Limpopo Province could be predicted based on demographic variables, coping strategies and stress. A cross-sectional survey design was used. A random, stratified sample ( ~ 2 0 4 ) of uniformed police members was taken from small, medium and large police stations in the province. The Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, the Police Stress Inventory, the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced Questionnaire and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Results of a stepwise discriminant analysis showed that race, insufticient emotional support and size of police stations could be used to predict suicide ideation in the SAPS.
First Observations of the Magnetic Field inside the Pillars of Creation: Results from the BISTRO Survey

We present the first high-resolution, submillimeter-wavelength polarimetric observations of—and thus direct observations of the magnetic field morphology within—the dense gas of the Pillars of Creation in M16. These 850 μm observations, taken as part of the B-Fields in Star-forming Region Observations Survey (BISTRO) using the POL-2 polarimeter on the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), show that the magnetic field runs along the length of the Pillars, perpendicular to and decoupled from the field in the surrounding photoionized cloud. Using the Chandrasekhar–Fermi method we estimate a plane-of-sky magnetic field strength of 170–320 μG in the Pillars, consistent with their having been formed through the compression of gas with initially weak magnetization. The observed magnetic field strength and morphology suggests that the magnetic field may be slowing the Pillars’ evolution into cometary globules. We thus hypothesize that the evolution and lifetime of the Pillars may be strongly influenced by the strength of the coupling of their magnetic field to that of their parent photoionized cloud—i.e., that the Pillars’ longevity results from magnetic support.
RAP - AN ECOSYSTEM LEVEL APPROACH TO BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION PLANNING

The Representative Areas Program (RAP) aims to increase the protection of the biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, an area of over 345,000 km 2 . The RAP involves a rezoning of the entire Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the protection of 'representative' examples of the range of habitats and communities within the Marine Park in a network of no-take areas that prohibit extractive uses. This presentation will outline a number of key aspects of the RAP and the lessons learned that might be of interest to other MPA managers and planners operating at the ecosystem scale (i.e. 1000s of km 2 ). The approach being taken is a more holistic and systematic basis to broad-scale planning than has been applied previously within the Great Barrier Reef. Firstly, the process of classifying the biodiversity and the development of the bioregionalisation is outlined, as this is the cornerstone of the RAP approach. A comprehensive range of biological and physical information was used to define 70 reef and non-reef bioregions across the entire Marine Park. Secondly, the development and application of a set of endorsed biophysical operating principles and a set of socio-economic-cultural and management feasibility principles has greatly assisted the development of a new network of 'no-take' areas, providing clear and transparent guidance for the design of a network which achieves the best possible outcomes. Thirdly, the public consultation taken in the first formal Community Participation phase of RAP is discussed, and how the public response of over 10,000 written submissions was handled and used to help develop a Draft Zoning Plan. Lastly, the approach taken to identify options for no-take area networks using a combination of expert opinion, stakeholder involvement and computer-based analytical approaches is outlined. Marine reserve design software has been adapted and expanded for use in the RAP and this is assisting the GBRMPA to achieve its RAP goal while maximising beneficial impacts and minimising any negative economic, cultural and social impacts upon the community and users.
EIB Papers Volume 13. n°2/2008

Infrastructure and economic geography: An overview of theory and evidence Gianmarco Ottaviano The politico-economic determinants and productivity effects of regional transport investment in Europe Achim Kemmerling & Andreas Stephan Infrastructure endowment and investment as determinants of regional growth in the European Union Riccardo Crescenzi & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose Agglomeration and cross-border infrastructure Diego Puga The death of distance? Economic implications of infrastructure improvement in Russia David Brown, Marianne Fay, John Felkner, Somik Lall & Hyoung Gun Wang 8