Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SALTING BEHAVIOR of YELLOWTAIL (TRACHURUS MCCULLOCHI NICHOLS)

Wet salting of low-fat yellowtail (Trachurus mccullochi Nichols) in 5%, 10%, 15%, 21% and saturated brine solutions at 25°C and 35°C, and desalting of salt-saturated fish, was carried out and assessment made of the salt content, moisture content, water activity and rate of water transfer. Brine concentration, fish shape and brine temperature had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on both equilibrium salt content (Xs+) and rate of salt uptake (ks). In whole and split fish, the rate of salt uptake increased with an increase in brine concentration, while moisture loss occurred only in fish brined in from 15% up to saturated brine. In whole fish, the rate of salt loss during the desalting process was nearly the same as the rate of salt uptake during the salting process, while in split fish the rate of salt loss was faster than the rate of salt uptake.
Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Self-Assembled Micelles of Amphiphilic Random Copolymer P(St-co-DM)

Self-assembled polymeric micelles can be used as efficient particulate emulsifiers. Styrene (St) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM) were used to synthesize the amphiphilic random copolymer P(St-co-DM). This copolymer self-assembles into spherical polymeric micelles. The polymeric micelles show surface activity and pH sensitivity for producing Pickering emulsion. The experiment shows that the stability of the emulsion increases with the micelle concentration. The emulsion can only be formed when the salt concentration is below a certain limiting value. Using the white oil as the oil phase, polymeric micelles have emulsification in a large pH range. The emulsifying performance of the polymeric micelles could be enhanced by raising the water/oil volume ratio.
Recovery of Gallium and Vanadium from Coal Fly Ash

A process has been developed to recover gallium and vanadium from coal fly ash in which they exist at very low concentration in a mixture of high concentration of less desirable species. Aqueous solution containing 2.8 mg/l gallium and 35 mg/l vanadium was obtained by leaching with 1.5 mol/l sulfuric acid. These metals were then concentrated by use of a chelating resin column with a functional group of iminodiacetic type after reduction of ferric ion to ferrous ion and pH adjustment. the eluate was conditioned and passed again through the column. Gallium was concentrated to 4.0 g/l and vanadium to 26.0 g/l in the resulting eluate. This liquor was further treated to remove impurities by a solvent extraction technique, employing TOMAC and D2EHPA as extractants. Stripping solutions of 96.6% gallium purity and 94.8% vanadium purity were finally obtained.
Extensions of the Standard Model Higgs Sector

The Standard Model is regarded as one of the most successful scientific theories, but there is compelling evidence that it is an incomplete theory of particle physics. There is currently no understanding of the observed baryon asymmetry, the nature of dark matter, and dark energy. Field theoretic considerations indicate parameters in the Standard Model are extremely fine-tuned. This suggests the existence of new physics, accessible at higher energies, to explain these seemingly unnatural tunings. To solve these puzzles, and others not addressed by the Standard Model, many extensions of the Standard Model have been proposed. It is of great importance that we fully understand the e↵ects these models have on Standard Model physics and how these theories can be tested. In this dissertation we explore the phenomenology associated with beyond the Standard Model physics, specifically focusing on models with extended Higgs sectors. In chapter 2, we study two classes of lepton flavor violating two Higgs doublet models. Chapter 3 explores a model where the Higgs is a pseudo-Goldstone boson of a non-abelian orbifold projection and all other low energy states carry no Standard Model charges. Chapters 4 and 5 study Higgs phenomenology in the context of a warped five dimensional space-time. The former analyzes the e↵ects of Higgs-radion mixing in two Higgs doublet models. The latter reviews a previous proposal where the Higgs doublet takes the role of a bulk stabilizer. The result is a model containing a single Higgs-radion state. In the final chapter, we present a higher derivative extension of the type-I and II two Higgs doublet models. The resulting theory gives rise to unusual partner states containing negative kinetic energy terms.
Comparison of Reaction Products from the Transformation of Catechol Catalyzed by Birnessite or Tyrosinase

Both tyrosinase, a Cu-containing polyphenoloxidase, and birnessite (δ-MnO 2 ) are able to catalyze the transformation of phenolic compounds through oxidative polymerization, a process that leads to humification, but the reaction mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to characterize or identify the reaction products generated from catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) by birnessite or tyrosinase. Birnessite and tyrosinase catalyzed the transformation of catechol to oligomers, polycondensates, and fragments. The reaction products formed after catalysis by tyrosinase were brown colored, while those resulting from the birnessite-catechol system were green colored; the former had a higher absorbance between 200 and 620 nm than the latter. This indicated a higher degree of aromatic ring condensation in products of the tyrosinase-catechol system relative to those of the birnessite-catechol system. In addition, the products of birnessite catalysis contained polycondensates and fragments, including aliphatic components, with lower molecular weights than did the products derived from catalysis by tyrosinase. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and mass spectrometry indicated that the reaction products formed an organic coating on the birnessite granules.
Why does Saudi Arabia have fewer leaders with disabilities?: changing perspectives and creating new opportunities for the physically challenged in Saudi Arabia

xiv Chapter One. The Problem . 1 Overview . 1 Background . 2 Problem Statement . 5 Purpose Statement . 5 Research Questions . 6 Hypotheses . 6 The Significance of this Study . 11 Definitions . 12 Limitations . 12 Summary . 13 Chapter Two. Review of Relevant Literature . 14 Overview . 14 Introduction. 14 Defining Disability . 15 Disability Around the World . 19 Challenges Facing the Disabled . 20 Society . 22 Challenges for Disabled Children and Families . 26 Inclusive Education. 31 Disabled Environment Challenges . 32 Employment . 40 Opinions, Recommendations, and Suggestions . 45 Environmental Recommendations . 52 Changing Perspectives . 56 Employment . 59 WHY DOES SAUDI ARABIA HAVE FEWER LEADERS WITH DISABILITIES? v Page Conclusion . 61 Chapter Three. Methodology and Procedures . 63 Overview . 63 Research Methodology . 64 Population and Participants . 65 Data Collection Procedures . 66 Survey for People with Disabilities . 68 Survey for Non-Disabled Participants. 68 Interviews . 69 Data Analyses Process. 72 Protecting the Human Subjects . 75 Reliability and Validity . 76 Conclusion . 80 Chapter Four. Results . 8
Estudo eletroquímico e químico-quântico da oxidação do antidepressivo tricíclico amitriptilina

This work presents the electrochemical and quantum chemical studies of the oxidation of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AM) employing a carbon-polyurethane composite electrode (GPU) in a 0.1 mol L-1 BR buffer. The electrochemical results showed that the oxidation of AM occurs irreversibly at potentials close to 830 mV with the loss of one electron and one proton and is controlled by reagent and product adsorption. According to the PM3 results, the atom C16 is the region of highest probability for the oxidation of AM since it has the largest charge variation.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Schiff Base Complexes of Lanthanum and Cerium by TG Studies

Abstract The thermal decomposition of lanthanum(IIl) and cerium(IV) chelates of dibenzoylmethane anthranilic acid was studied by TG. The mechanism of the decomposition reactions were found to be random nucleation as established from TG data. Activation energies, E, pre-exponential factors, A, entropy of activation, ΔS, orders of reaction, n, were calculated from the TG curves using mechanistic and non-mechanistic integral equations.
Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering of soft and hard nanofabricated gratings

Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) has been used to structurally characterize model hard and soft gratings of nanotechnological interest. The different gratings exhibit GISAXS patterns with characteristic features that can be associated with their level of order along the direction of periodicity and the length of the lines. Highly ordered gratings, made out of silicon by electron beam lithography, and those nanofabricated on spin-coated polymer films by nanoimprint lithography, exhibit characteristic semicircle-like GISAXS patterns with intensity spots periodically distributed on a semicircle whose radius is related to the incidence angle used. These gratings can be considered as one-dimensional crystalline lattices as provided by computer simulations. Less ordered polymer gratings prepared by the laser-induced periodic surface structuring method exhibit a GISAXS pattern characterized by periodic rod-like scattering maxima whose intensity decreases with increasing horizontal scattering angle. In this case the gratings can be considered as one-dimensional paracrystals. The transition from a rod-like to a semicircle-like GISAXS pattern has been simulated and attributed to the contribution of the form factor by changing the length of the line (ripple). A critical length value for the transition is located at around a few micrometres.
Modeling and Pilot-Scale Experimental Verification for Predenitrification Process

A model for the overall predenitrification process was constructed. The model is based on the kinetic model of IAWPRC but allows for temperature‐ and pH‐dependence of nitrifier growth rate, temperature‐dependence of selected kinetic parameters for heterotrophic bacteria, and a realistic representation of sludge thickening in the secondary clarifier. The latter predicts sludge blanket height and solids concentration profiles in the secondary clarifier under both steady‐state and dynamic conditions. The validity of the model was investigated using data from a pilot‐scale predenitrification plant.
Pedotransfer functions for solute transport parameters of Portuguese soils

The purpose of this study is to quantify solute transport parameters of fine‐textured soils in an irrigation district in southern Portugal and to investigate their prediction from basic soil properties and unsaturated hydraulic parameters. Solute displacement experiments were carried out on 24 undisturbed soil samples by applying a 0.05 m KCl pulse during steady flow. The chloride breakthrough curves (BTCs) were asymmetric, with early breakthrough and considerable tailing characteristic of non‐equilibrium transport. The retardation factor (R), dispersion coefficient (D), partitioning coefficient (β), and mass transfer coefficient (ω) were estimated by optimizing the solution of the non‐equilibrium convection–dispersion equation (CDE) to the breakthrough data. The solution could adequately describe the observed data as proved by a median of 0.972 for the coefficient of determination (r2) and a median for the mean squared error (MSE) of 5.1 × 10−6. The median value for R of 0.587 suggests that Cl– was excluded from a substantial part of the liquid phase. The value for β was typically less than 0.5, but the non‐equilibrium effects were mitigated by a large mass transfer coefficient (ω > 1). Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed with regression and neural network analyses to predict R, D, β and ω from basic soil properties and unsaturated hydraulic parameters. Fairly accurate predictions could be obtained for logD (r2 ≈ 0.9) and β (r2 ≈ 0.8). Prediction for R and logω were relatively poor (r2 ≈ 0.5). The artificial neural networks were all somewhat more accurate than the regression equations. The networks are also more suitable for predicting transport parameters because they require only three input variables, whereas the regression equations contain many predictor variables.
Asymmetric synthesis of (−)-(1R,2S)-cispentacin and related cis- and trans-2-amino cyclopentane- and cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids

The antifungal antibiotic (–)-(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (cispentacin)8 and its cyclohexane homologue 14 have been prepared utilizing the highly stereoselective conjugate addition of homochiral lithium N-benzyl-N-α-methylbenzylamide 5. The corresponding trans-β-amino acids 10 and 16 were also prepared via the selective epimerization of the cis-β-amino ester conjugate addition products.
Atmosphere × Canopy Interactions of Nitric Acid Vapor in Loblolly Pine Grown in Open-Top Chambers

Many studied that address the impact of tropospheric O 3 , on agricultural and forested ecosystems utilize the open-top chamber. During the production of O 3 using electrical discharge generators fed with dry air, there is an inadvertent addition of HNO 3 vapor, a highly reactive trace gam. While several studies have proposed that HNO 3 vapor introduces artifacts, none has measured concentrations of the odd-N 2 , trace gas in the chamber or investigated the fate of the N in the context of whole-plant physiology and growth []
The molecular basis of the adsorption of bacterial exopolysaccharides on montmorillonite mineral surface

Rhizospheric exopolysaccharides (EPS) spontaneously aggregate mineral particles. Molecular dynamics simulations with Cerius2 ® and Materials Studio® programs have been performed to study the adsorption of chemical groups, monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, onto the basal surface of Na-montmorillonite. The estimated enthalpies of adsorption of chemical groups nicely reproduced the expected values. Mono- and oligosaccharides have a preferred geometry of adsorption. Monosaccharides maintained their shape upon adsorption whereas oligosaccharides flattened more or less on the surface, depending on their flexibility. The conformational adaptability was shown to be the leading factor that determined the interaction strength between the EPS and the mineral surface.
Highly intense monochromatic X-ray diffraction facility for high-pressure research at SPring-8

Beamline BL10XU at SPring-8, designed for X-ray diffraction experiments using diamond anvil cells at high pressure and low/high temperature, is continuously upgraded. The X-ray source, optics, and attractive experimental equipment such as simultaneous measurement systems have been optimized over the past years. The high energy and high intensity monochromatic X-ray beams emitted by an undulator source, focused using a characteristic X-ray refractive lens, have enabled us to obtain excellent counting statistics and high-resolution X-ray diffraction data even from a highly compressed sample under multi-megabar pressure. At BL10XU, low- and high-temperature conditions are achieved using a cryostat (10–300 K) and double-sided laser-heating system (1000–4000 K), respectively. Numerous results have been obtained in the fields of high-pressure materials science and mineral physics: for instance, the structural information on novel materials under pressure, including new pressure-induced structural phase transitions, the measurements of equations of states, and the phase-equilibrium data of Earth interior minerals.
Selective Recognition of Rituximab-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles by Lymphoma Cells Studied with 3D Imaging

Several types of multivalent therapeutic antibody constructs have recently been described which exhibit an increased efficacy compared to free, bivalent antibody. For example, it has been shown that rituximab-coupled liposomes (devoid of encapsulated drug) show a stronger response than equal amounts of monomeric rituximab, supposedly due to the ability of the multivalent complex to hyper-cross-link its target in the plasma membrane. We sought to create a new type of multivalent antibody construct using gold nanoparticles, where rituximab is bound to the particle surface through a strong covalent bond. In the present study, rituximab-conjugated gold particles have been prepared with the aim of identifying suitable formulations for use in studies assessing the therapeutic potential of these novel formulations. Different types of rituximab-conjugated particles are prepared and characterized. The size of the particles, as well as the type of functionalization, is varied. In vitro studies with CD-20 positive h.
Four new triterpene glycosides from Schefflera bodinieri roots

Four novel triterpene glycosides named bodinitins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) were isolated from the roots of Schefflera bodinieri. Based on spectroscopic data, especially 1H−1H COSY and 13C−1H COSY NMR, the structures of the glycosides have been determined as 28-O-[α-l-rhamopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside of demethylisoaleuritolic acid (1), 28-O-[α-l-rhamopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside of isoaleuritolic acid (2), 28-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside of 3-oxo-8-demethylisoaleuritolic acid (3), and 28-O-[α-l-rhamopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside of 3-oxoisoaleuritolic acid (4).
Status of OpenLoops and Simulation of $H \to WW$ Backgrounds

Fabio Cascioli,a Stefan Höche,b Frank Krauss,c Philipp Maierhöfer∗,a Stefano Pozzorini,a and Frank Siegertd aInstitut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland bSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA cInstitute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK dInstitut für Kernund Teilchenphysik, TU Dresden, D–01062 Dresden, Germany E-mail: cascioli@physik.uzh. ch, shoeche@slac.stanford. edu, frank.krauss@durham.ac. uk, philipp@physik.uzh. ch, pozzorin@physik.uzh. ch, frank.siegert@cern.ch
ELLIPSOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PROTHROMBIN WITH PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS

Phospholipid monolayers consisting of mixtures of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine were deposited on chromium slides. Binding of prothrombin to these layers was measured in buffered physiological saline. Evidence is obtained for the existence of two different phospholipid/prothrombin complexes. The adsorption velocity is diffusion-controled with an apparent "unstirred layer" at the surface of 20 µm thickness.
The photoionization absorption continua for alkali metal vapours

Absorption measurements are reported for the metal vapours potassium, rubidium and caesium and existing data for lithium and sodium are reviewed. The separation of atomic and molecular absorption is discussed and the data presented as absolute cross-section curves as a function of wavelength. The shapes of the atomic photoionization continua and their absolute values are discussed in relation to existing theoretical cross-sections data. Best experimental values of the cross-sections at the series limits are found to be : Li = 1.9 ± 0.2 Mb, Na = 0.125 ± 0.01 Mb, K = 0.007 ± 0.002 Mb, Rb = 0.10 ± 0.015 Mb and Cs = 0.20 ± 0.03 Mb. The curves for potassium, rubidium and caesium have non-zero minima and that for sodium has a minimum which is near zero. Experimental minimum values of 4 ± 2 x 10-3 Mb, 8 ± 3 x 10-3 Mb and 6 ± 1 x 10-2 Mb for potassium, rubidium and caesium respectively are obtained.
The Nature of Ruthenium Sulfide Clusters Encaged in a Y Zeolite

Abstract Catalysts of ruthenium sulfide supported in a dealuminated KY zeolite were prepared by ion exchange and subsequent sulfidation using several atmospheres containing sulfur. They were characterized by means of HREM, EDX, TPR, and EXAFS. The activity for the tetralin hydrogenation, carried out in presence of large amounts of H 2 S (1.85%), was very high and roughly 300 times the activity (expressed per metal atom) of an industrial NiMo/Al 2 O 3 hydrotreating catalyst. A simple modeling of the results obtained by the physicochemical techniques suggests that the active phase consists of clusters of less than 50 ruthenium atoms of a ruthenium sulfide-like phase with very small domains of ruthenium metal.
The Composition Size Dependence of Aerosols Created by Dispersion of Surfactant Solutions

Abstract The internal composition and the surface tension of droplets created by dispersing bulk surfactant solutions are considered. It is shown that by combining the Gibbs-Duhem equation and the Gibbs adsorption isotherm, a new equation emerges which predicts the composition of a droplet with radius r when the composition of the original solution is known. Calculations with n-propanol-water mixtures show deviation from the results obtained with the method of H. Bianco and A. Marmur (J. Colloid Interface Sci.151 , 517 (1992)).
Measurement of Interface Free Energy in Polypropylene/Ethylene–Propylene Rubber Blends

Measurement of between ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR) and polypropylene (PP) is an important research subject in the study of rubber toughened PP. When the ethylene content in EPR is low, the EPR and the PP phases become optically indistinguishable due to their similar refractive indexes, and thus the measurements of interface free energy by conventional methods are impossible. In this study, we devised a new experimental technique that enables measurement of the interface free energy between two polymers having similar refractive indexes. When small amount of inorganic additives are incorporated to the PP phase, interface between PP and EPR phases are clearly seen and the measurements become attainable. Using the suggested method, the interface free energy between EPR and PPs were obtained and presented. Four different PPs were investigated, homo PP and three random PPs that contain small amounts of ethylene unit ranging from 1 to 3 wt%. It was found that the interface free energy decrease as the ethylene content in the PPs increases and the effect of the ethylene content on the interface free energy is unexpectedly large.
Adsorption of phosphate by two iron oxides in relation to their porosity

SUMMARY Adsorption and desorption of phosphate by lepidocrocite and hematite, the latter obtained by thermal decomposition of the former, were studied and related to changes in mesoporosity of the solid surface. Differences between the oxides in the accessibility of their surfaces to phosphate seems to control the fractional amounts of ‘rapidly’ and ‘slowly’ adsorbed phosphate. Results of isotopic exchange of the phosphate adsorbed at high surface coverage can also be explained in terms of the mesoporosity of the surfaces.
Cyclodextrins in the Pharmaceutical Field

AbstractCyclodextrins (CyDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides, containing a minimum of six D-(+)-glycopyranose units attached by α-1, 4-linkages produced by the action of the cyclodextrin-trans-glycosidase enzyme on a medium containing starch. CyDs are somewhat cone-shaped. The outside of CyDs is hydrophilic and the inside of the cavity is hydrophobic in character. If a molecule fits entirely or at least partially into the cavity, an inclusion complex may be formed. In general, hydrophobic molecules, rather than hydrophilic ones, have a higher affinity to the CyD cavity in aqueous solutions. The CyD complexes thus formed are stabilized by various intermolecular forces, such as hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, release of high energy water molecules in complex formation and release of strain energy in the macromolecular CyD ring. Orally administered CyDs have shown to be harmless, because insignificant amounts are absorbed.Parenterally administered natural CyDs may cause severe ne.