Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The convergency of some routing protocols

In every network, many nodes with brains are connected by many links each other. Some nodes are, for example, computers, terminals, or routers. The both ends of a link can communicate directly each other. For example, local area network, in which every nodes are directly connected each other, looks like Figure 1, then every nodes can communicate directly to others.
Large scale support vector machines algorithms for visual classification

We have proposed a novel method of combination multiple of different features for image classification. For large scale learning classifiers, we have developed the parallel versions of both state-of-the-art linear and nonlinear SVMs. We have also proposed a novel algorithm to extend stochastic gradient descent SVM for large scale learning. A class of large scale incremental SVM classifiers has been developed in order to perform classification tasks on large datasets with very large number of classes and training data can not fit into memory.
Analyzing Multiple-Choice-Multiple-Response Items Using Item Response Theory

Multiple-choice-multiple-response (MCMR) items allow students to select as many responses as they think are correct to a given question stem. Using MCMR items can provide researchers and instructors with a richer and more complete picture of what students do and do not understand about a particular topic. Interpreting students’ MCMR responses is more nuanced than it is for single-response items. Unfortunately, many typical analyses of data from multiple-choice tests assume dichotomously-scored items, which eliminates the possibility of incorporating the rich information from students’ response patterns to MCMR items. We present a novel methodology for using a combination of item response theory models to analyze data from MCMR items. These methods could be applied to inform scoring models that incorporate partial credit for various response patterns.
The new control system of the 2-meter telescope of the Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory: Status in November 2009

This paper gives several results from tests obtained with the 2-meter telescope of the National astronomical observatory Rozhen, in November 2009. The aims of the tests are to show the quality of tracking of the 2-m telescope with the new control system, to derive quantitative parameters, describing some errors of the tracking and to discuss the reasons for these errors by relating them to details in the mechanical design of the sensor coupling to the telescope’s hour axis.
The String Model of Gravity

The string model of gravitational force is proposed where the string forms the mediation of the gravitational interaction between two gravitating bodies. It reproduces the Newtonian results in the first-order approximation and it predicts in the higher-oder approximations the existence of oscillations of the gravitational field between two massive bodies. It can be easily generalized to the two-body interaction in particle physics.
Synergy between Mecillinam and Ceftazidime/Avibactam or Avibactam against Multi-Drug-Resistant Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Background: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli have become a significant global health challenge. This has created an urgent need for new treatment modalities. We evaluated the efficacy of mecillinam in combination with either avibactam or ceftazidime/avibactam against carbapenemase-producing clinical isolates. Materials and methods: Nineteen MDR clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli were selected for the presence of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA or blaIMP based on whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing. We tested the synergy between mecillinam and avibactam or ceftazidime/avibactam. We used time–kill studies in vitro and a mouse peritonitis/sepsis model to confirm the synergistic effect. We investigated avibactam’s impact on mecillinam´s affinity for penicillin-binding proteins with a Bocillin assay, and cell changes with phase-contrast and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Mecillinam combined with ceftazidime/avibactam or avibactam substantially reduced MICs (from up to >256 µg/mL to <0.0016 µg/mL) for 17/18 strains. Significant log-CFU reductions were confirmed in time–kill and in vivo experiments. The Bocillin assay did not reveal changes. Conclusion: Mecillinam in combination with avibactam or ceftazidime/avibactam has a notable effect on most types of CPEs, both in vitro and in vivo. The mecillinam/avibactam combination treatment could be a new efficient antibiotic treatment against multi-drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative pathogens.
Probing the effect of NEK7 and cofactor interactions on dynamics of NLRP3 monomer using molecular simulation

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytoplasmic complex that regulates the activation of inflammatory cytokines and, given its implication in a range of diseases, is an important therapeutic target. The cofactor ATP and the centrosomal kinase NEK7 are important for NLRP3 activation. Here we have constructed and simulated computational models of full‐length monomeric NLRP3 to shed light on the importance of NEK7 and cofactor interactions for its conformation and dynamics in aqueous solution. We find that molecular dynamics simulation reproduces well the features of the recently published cryo‐EM structure of the ADP‐bound NLRP3–NEK7 complex; on the removal of NEK7, the NLRP3 molecule adopts a more compact closed form during simulations. Replacement of ADP by ATP promotes a rearrangement of hydrogen‐bonding interactions, domain interfaces, and a degree of opening of the NLRP3 conformation. We also examine the dynamics of an acidic loop of the LRR domain of NLRP3, which samples in a region observed in the NEK7‐bound cryo‐EM structure but not in an oligomeric form of inactive NLRP3. During the molecular dynamics simulations of NLRP3, we find some plasticity in its topology that suggests access routes for ATP to the cofactor pocket not immediately evident from the existing NEK7‐bound cryo‐EM structure. These computed dynamical trajectories of NLRP3 provide insight into coordinates of deformation that may be key for cofactor binding and inflammasome activation.
RNA sequencing-based identification of microRNAs in the antler cartilage of Gansu red deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis)

Background The velvet antler is a complex mammalian bone organ with unique biological characteristics, such as regeneration. The rapid growth stage (RGS) is a special period in the regeneration process of velvet antler. Methods To elucidate the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the RGS of antler development in Gansu red deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis), we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze miRNA expression profiles in cartilage tissues of deer antler tips at three different growth stages. Results The RNA-seq results revealed 1,073 known and 204 novel miRNAs, including 1,207, 1,242, and 1,204 from 30-, 60-, and 90-d antler cartilage tissues, respectively. To identify key miRNAs controlling rapid antler growth, we predicted target genes of screened 25 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and specifically expressed miRNAs (SEMs) in 60 d and annotated their functions. The KEGG results revealed that target genes of 25 DEMs and 30 SEMs were highly classified in the “Metabolic pathways”, “Pathways in cancer”, “Proteoglycans in cancer” and “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway”. In addition, a novel miRNA (CM008039.1_315920), highly enriched in “NF-kappa B signaling pathway”, may need further study. Conclusions The miRNAs identified in our study are potentially important in rapid antler growth. Our findings provide new insights to help elucidate the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms involved during velvet antler development in C. elaphus kansuensis.
Optical methods used to optimise semiconductor laser structures with tunnel injection from quantum well to InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots

Corresponding author: wojciech.rudno-rudzinski@pwr.wroc. plWe present the results of optical measurements performed on structures consisting of an InGaAsquantum well (QW), separated by a thin barrier from a layer of self-assembled InGaAs quantumdots (QDs). Such a kind of design is called a tunnel injection structure, because its functionalityis based on the tunnelling of car riers from a QW to QDs, preferab ly with the assistance of opticalphonons. In this approach, the injector QW serves as a reservoir of the carriers (due to muchhigher efficiency of carrier co llection) and alleviates the prob lem of long relaxation times neededfor carriers to reach the QDs ground state. In order to investigate the structures severalcomplementary experimental techniques are applied. Photoreflectance, an absorption-likemodulation spectroscopy, gives the information about the optical transitions and the electronicstructure. The temperature evolution of photolu minescence allows emission efficiency and carrierlosses to be determined. Photoluminescence excitation probes directly the carrier transfer fromQW to the dots. The interpretation of the results is supported by the calculations in the envelopefunction formalism. It has been found out that the wavefunction pos ition of the lowest lying levelsdepends on the QW parameters and thus different regimes of tunnelling are proposed.Keywords: quantum dots, optical properties, lasers, tunnel injection.
In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Activities of Selected Traditional Medicinal Plants against Toxin-Induced Cyto- and Entero- Toxicities in Cholera

Careya arborea, Punica granatum, Psidium guajava, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Aegle marmelos, and Piper longum are commonly used traditional medicines against diarrhoeal diseases in India. This study investigated the inhibitory activity of these plants against cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity induced by toxins secreted by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera toxin (CT) and non-membrane damaging cytotoxin (NMDCY) in cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) of V. cholerae were quantified using GM1 ELISA and cell-based assays, respectively. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of these plants and lyophilized juice of P. granatum were tested against CT-induced elevation of cAMP levels in CHO cell line, binding of CT to ganglioside GM1 receptor and NMDCY-induced cytotoxicity. Significant reduction of cAMP levels in CFCF treated CHO cell line was observed for all extracts except P. longum. C. arborea, P. granatum, H. antidysenterica and A. marmelos showed >50% binding inhibition of CT to GM1 receptor. C. arborea, P. granatum, and P. guajava effectively decreased cytotoxicity and morphological alterations caused by NMDCY in CHO cell line. Further, the efficacy of these three plants against CFCF-induced enterotoxicity was seen in adult mice ligated-ileal loop model as evidenced by decrease in volume of fluid accumulation, cAMP levels in ligated-ileal tissues, and histopathological changes in intestinal mucosa. Therefore, these plants can be further validated for their clinical use against cholera.
Scaphoideus titanus fitness on grapevine varieties with different susceptibility to Flavescence dorée phytoplasma

Scaphoideus titanus (Ball) is a Nearctic leafhopper (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), monophagous on Vitis spp. , naturalized in European vineyards since the 20th century. Following its introduction and establishment in Europe, S. titanus became the main vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) to grapevine. FDp causes heavy economic losses to viticulture in Europe. The control of the disease mainly relies on insecticide applications against the vector and on the removal of infected plants. The exploitation of plant resistance or tolerance against pathogens and pests can represent a valuable tool for a more sustainable viticulture. The first step in identifying resistance traits in grapevine varieties towards S. titanus is the evaluation of insect fitness parameters on different grapevine genotypes. Therefore, in this work, nymph mortality and developmental time, adult survival and prolificacy of S. titanus have been studied on three grapevine varieties, characterized by different susceptibility to FD. Scaphoideus titanus showed highest fitness when reared on Barbera, whereas the worst performances were recorded on Moscato, with a significant reduction in nymph and adult survivals, a slowed nymph development, and a decreased number of available eggs. On Brachetto, S. titanus showed an intermediate level of fitness parameters. Consistently with previous studies on feeding behaviour, Barbera is the most suitable host for the FD‐vector. The high suitability of Barbera for S. titanus may partly explain the high susceptibility to FD of this variety. On the contrary, the low suitability of Moscato, poorly susceptible to FD, may be due to antibiosis and antixenosis defence mechanisms that act against S. titanus.
The Impact of COVID-19, Mental Health Distress, and School-Based Sociocultural Protective Factors among Elementary-Aged Children and their Caregivers

Given the individual and systemic stress endured by children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic, research examining culturally responsive school experiences and supports to enhance resilience is critical. This study examined the relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of COVID-19 impact, mental health distress among children and caregivers, and school-based sociocultural protective factors, including culturally responsive practices in schools and the relationships between teachers and caregivers, concurrently and longitudinally. Data were collected from caregivers of elementary-aged children at two-time points from March to April 2020 (N = 174) and one year later in 2021 (N = 114). Regression analyses revealed that COVID-19 impact positively predicted and parent-teacher joining negatively predicted mental health concerns among children and families, concurrently and longitudinally. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of teachers’ social awareness and justice practices and mental health symptoms for children in 2020. Parent-teacher joining longitudinally moderated the relationship between COVID-19 impact and caregivers’ mental health concerns. This study provides implications regarding sociocultural resilience factors that should be considered in schools amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nanoparticle and Schiff Base Compound in Poly(O-Aminobenzyl Alcohol) Coating for Protection of 316L Stainless Steel against Corrosion

The electrochemical synthesis of poly (o-aminobenzyl alcohol) (PABA) coatings containing three different amounts of NiZnFe4O4 nanoparticle (NP) with and without 0.25 mM Schiff base (ORG) on stainless steel (SS) was carried out in 0.15 M LiClO4 containing acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The synthesis curves of PABA-NP and PABA-ORG-NP films exhibited the different current and monomer oxidation potential values indicating the presence of NP and ORG compounds. Besides, the addition of ORG to the NP-containing synthesis solution resulted in an increase in the electropolymerization rate of the PABA film compared to the NP-containing medium alone. Indeed, SEM images of PABA-NP and PABA-ORG-NP also showed that their morphological structures were different. As a result of the evaluation of the impedance analysis, it was seen that PABA-NP and PABA-ORG-NP films provided significant physical barrier behavior to the SS electrode, in 3.5% NaCl solution. PABA-NP25 and PABA-ORG-NP25 coatings exhibited more protection behavior against to the move of corrosive substances to SS. The presence of both NP and ORG in the polymer coating further improved the superior protection property of the PABA film, in a longer time.
Modeling wind energy development barriers: implications for promoting green energy sector

ABSTRACT Since a variety of barriers pose challenges to the Indian wind energy sector, the extent to which these barriers hamper this sector and the alternative solutions are largely unknown. We identify several barriers using existing literature, and then using the modified Delphi approach, refine 25 barriers and classify them into five significant dimensions. Later, the Analytical Hierarchical Process determined the ranking of barriers using pairwise comparison matrices. The Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method ranked alternative solutions to these barriers. Results indicate that “financial barrier” is the most important barrier among all dimensions, while “limited government subsidy” is most influential among all sub-barriers. “Availability of adequate funds” is the best alternative to overcome these barriers. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the study findings. The study findings may assist practitioners and policymakers in boosting the current sluggish growth of the Indian wind sector.
Generalizing Cloud Overlap Treatment to Include the Effect of Wind Shear

AbstractSix months of CloudSat and CALIPSO observations have been divided into over 8 million cloud scenes and collocated with ECMWF wind analyses to identify an empirical relationship between cloud overlap and wind shear for use in atmospheric models. For vertically continuous cloudy layers, cloud decorrelates from maximum toward random overlap as the layer separation distance increases, and the authors demonstrate a systematic impact of wind shear on the resulting decorrelation length scale. As expected, cloud decorrelates over smaller distances as wind shear increases. A simple, empirical linear fit parameterization is suggested that is straightforward to add to existing radiation schemes, although it is shown that the parameters are quite sensitive to the processing details of the cloud mask data and also to the fitting method used. The wind shear–overlap dependency is implemented in the radiation scheme of the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System. It has a similar-magnitude impact on the radiative budget.
Experimental and numerical study of contact fatigue for 18CrNiMo7-6 and 20MnCr5 carburized gear tooth

Gear manufacturers must make decisions about the manufacturing materials and superficial treatments. The best performance as to a type of failure should be evaluated. However, it is a time-demanding and costly process. The present work proposes a methodology for a comprehensive assessment (experimental and computational) of contact fatigue of gears in FZG test rig. The materials investigated were 18CrNiMo7-6 and 20MnCr5 alloy steels, widely used in industrial and automotive transmission systems, but with very different raw material costs, which can exceed twice the first compared to the second. The study evaluated the contact analysis between gears from the macroscopic point of view and the microscopic (inclusion of roughness). At the same time, the evolution of roughness and pit-damaged area after each test stage was monitored. The approach determined the stress field after each loading cycle and thus correlating the regions of higher stresses with surface and subsurface fatigue (micropitting and pitting). In addition, Weibull’s statistical analysis and SEM-EDS observations were executed. In many cases, the methodology correlated the increased roughness and pitting affected area with the regions submitted to the higher contact stress. Observations by SEM-EDS revealed that the occurrence of plastic deformation as a mechanism of wear should be considered in the equations of microscopic stress analysis. The similar fatigue life of such different materials may be correlated to the competitive mechanisms of higher mechanical strength of 18CrNiMo7-6 and better crack propagation characteristics of 20MnCr5. The methodology proved to be consistent for fatigue failure analysis of gears in FZG test rig.
Systematic Annotation Reveals CEP Function in Tomato Root Development and Abiotic Stress Response

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide; however, environmental stressors severely restrict tomato growth and yield. Therefore, it is of great interest to discover novel regulators to improve tomato growth and environmental stress adaptions. Here, we applied a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to identify putative tomato C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) genes and to explore their potential physiological function in tomato root development and abiotic stress responses. A total of 17 tomato CEP genes were identified and grouped into two subgroups based on the similarity of CEP motifs. The public RNA-Seq data revealed that tomato CEP genes displayed a diverse expression pattern in tomato tissues. Additionally, CEP genes expression was differentially regulated by nitrate or ammonium status in roots and shoots, respectively. The differences in expression levels of CEP genes induced by nitrogen indicate a potential involvement of CEPs in tomato nitrogen acquisition. The synthetic CEP peptides promoted tomato primary root growth, which requires nitric oxide (NO) and calcium signaling. Furthermore, we also revealed that CEP peptides improved tomato root resistance to salinity. Overall, our work will contribute to provide novel genetic breeding strategies for tomato cultivation under adverse environments.
The Modern Church as Not-for-Profit Organisation: Is it not Time for the Church to Become More Strategic?

For many centuries, churches have continued to play critical roles in society’s spiritual and social lives. As is the case across the globe, millions of Christians throughout South Africa continue to seek spiritual upliftment in churches. For this research, a qualitative research method was employed by means of semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted among churches within the Gauteng province of South Africa. Data were analysed through the use of the ATLAS.ti software. The findings suggest that innumerable benefits can be realised by modern churches if proper strategic planning process tools are in place. Productivity and a clear sense of direction are the leading attributes. The study recommended that more research and advocacy work still need to be done to heighten the significance of using strategic planning process tools in church management settings. This may enable the preservation of the rich history of the church.
La ciberviolencia en parejas jóvenes y factores predictores

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron analizar la presencia de la ciberviolencia en parejas jóvenes, explorar las asociaciones entre la ciberviolencia, la dependencia emocional, la empatía y las relaciones filio parentales, e identificar factores predictores de la ciberviolencia. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia compuesta por 469 estudiantes universitarios. Estos completaron la “Escala de violencia de pareja en las redes sociales en adolescentes” el “Instrumento de vínculo parental”, el de “Dependencia emocional en el noviazgo de jóvenes y adolescentes” y la “Escala de empatía básica”. El 51,9% de la muestra afirmaba haber sufrido ciberviolencia y el 56,6% admitía haberla ejercido. Los chicos puntuaron más alto que las chicas en ciberviolencia y cibervictimización. Se encontró que a mayor nivel de estudios menos ciberviolencia y, a mayor número de parejas, mayor posibilidad de sufrir ciberviolencia. La escasa evidencia empírica acerca de los factores relacionados con la ciberviolencia apunta a la importancia de seguir investigando más profundamente sobre variables individuales y familiares.