Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting LDPC coding to improve data reliability for phase modulated holographic storage

Volume holographic storage with high storage density and access rate has excellent potential for large-scale data storage. However, data reliability is facing challenges and has become a main concern from various noise interference. In holographic storage systems with phase modulated, high raw bit error rates (RBER) are induced by optical noise, electrical noise, intra and inter page interference, reducing data reliability. In this paper, we exploits low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding with remarkable error correction capability to improve data reliability and capacity with minimizing read latency for phase modulated holographic storage. LDPC coding has a stronger error correction capability by adopting soft decision decoding with log-likelihood ratio (LLR) information. As a result, the bit error rates (BER) can be reduced and data reliability is significantly enhanced. In the process of the evaluation, we first count the variation of RBER with phase modulated under different single-to-noise ratio (SNR). Then, after using LDPC coding, we compare the sharpness of the modulated two-dimensional data pages to validate the effectiveness of utilizing LDPC coding. Moreover, we study the internal relationship between phase reconstruction with iterative Fourier transform algorithms and LDPC coding. The decoding iteration times and the number of Fourier iterations are counted. Simulation results show that LDPC coding can improve data reliability by decreasing BER.
Application and verification of 3D printing technology in the development of space remote sensing camera

3D printing technology is becoming more and more mature, and it is widely used in aerospace, chemical industry, automobile and other fields. Silicon carbide has a series of excellent physical properties such as high elastic modulus, moderate density and good stability. In order to make the space remote sensing camera break through the limitations of traditional processing technology and design ideas, it can further improve the lightweight rate, obtain better force stability, and reduce the demand for the whole satellite resources. In this paper, silicon carbide is used as raw material and 3D printing technology is used to develop space remote sensing camera. Firstly, the advantages and characteristics of 3D printing technology and printing materials are introduced. Then, according to the particularity of the technical characteristics, the methods of using 3D printing technology to design space remote sensing camera are summarized. Then, according to the design method, the design, simulation and optimization of the remote sensing camera structure are carried out. Through the mechanical test, it meets the design expectation.
An improved transmission-line model for MOS transistors

In this paper, we present a high-frequency small-signal model for MOSFET devices operating in the saturation regime. The model is based on a transmission-line treatment of the gate region, taking into account the distributed resistance-capacitance effects along the width of the device. The gate-source resistance, as well as the induced gate noise arising from the nonquasi-static operation, are included in the model. Closed-form solution of the noise and the y-parameters are obtained. The model is verified with measurements of an 0.8-/spl mu/m device. The y-parameters model is in close agreement with the measured parameters up to 15 GHz, which is higher than the f/sub T/ of the device. The noise model was also verified by comparing the modeled and measured noise resistance.
Examination of Fault, Unsafe Driving Acts, and Total Harm in Car-Truck Collisions

Crashes involving large trucks and passenger cars are important topics for research and countermeasure development since they represent more than 60% of all fatal truck crashes and because the passenger car occupant is much more likely to be killed. This study (a) examined “fault” in total car–truck crashes using North Carolina Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data for comparison with fault analyzed in previous studies of fatal crashes, (b) used general estimates system (GES) crash data to verify unsafe driving acts (UDAs) identified by expert panels in past studies, and (c) used North Carolina HSIS data to identify critical combinations of roadway facility type, roadway location, and crash type based on “total harm”—a measure combining both the frequency and severity of the crash. Fault in total North Carolina car–truck crashes was found to differ significantly from past fatal crash studies, with the truck driver being at fault more often than the car driver both overall and in certain crash types. Car drivers continue to be at fault much more often in head-on and angle crashes. While it was not possible to analyze all UDAs identified in prior studies, when possible, the current analyses revealed differences between the GES crash data results and the expert-based results, pointing to the need for better UDA methods if they are to be used to target treatments. Finally, using the total-harm analysis with North Carolina car–truck crashes indicated that undivided rural arterials and collectors should be primary targets for further investigation and for treatment.
Extensions of the LuGre tyre friction model related to variable slip speed along the contact patch length

The recently developed LuGre model describes the three-dimensional tyre friction dynamics given in the brush representation. The model has a three-state lumped-parameter form and an analytical solution for tyre static curves. It is simplified using the assumption of a constant slip speed along the contact patch length. This assumption is abandoned in this paper in order to extend the model with several secondary but potentially important effects such as camber, carcass compliance, conicity, ply steer and rolling resistance. Two approaches to the introduction of a variable-slip-speed effect are considered. The first is based on stepwise approximation of the slip speed along the contact patch length, and the second includes a specific, spatially distributed additive deflection term. Both approaches preserve the three-state lumped-parameter model form and an analytical steady-state solution. Qualitative and quantitative validation results point to consistency and benefits of the proposed model extensions.
Systematic evaluation of machine learning algorithms for neuroanatomically‐based age prediction in youth

Application of machine learning algorithms to structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data has yielded behaviorally meaningful estimates of the biological age of the brain (brain-age). The choice of the machine learning approach in estimating brain-age in children and adolescents is important because age-related brain changes in these age-groups are dynamic. However, the comparative performance of the multiple machine learning algorithms available has not been systematically appraised. To address this gap, the present study evaluated the accuracy (Mean Absolute Error; MAE) and computational efficiency of 21 machine learning algorithms using sMRI data from 2,105 typically developing individuals aged 5 to 22 years from five cohorts. The trained models were then tested in two independent holdout datasets, comprising 4,078 pre-adolescents aged 9-10 years and another sample of 594 individuals aged 5-21 years. The algorithms encompassed parametric and nonparametric, Bayesian, linear and nonlinear, tree-based, and kernel-based models. Sensitivity analyses were performed for parcellation scheme, number of neuroimaging input features, number of cross-validation folds, number of extreme outliers, and sample size. The best performing algorithms were Extreme Gradient Boosting (MAE of 1.49), Random Forest Regression (MAE of 1.58) and Support Vector Regression with Radial Basis Function Kernel (MAE of 1.64) which had acceptable and comparable computational efficiency. Findings of the present study could be used as a guide for optimizing methodology when quantifying age-related changes in youth.
Cleaning of Matched License Plate Data

Three methods for identifying outlying journey time observations collected as part of a motorway license plate matching exercise are presented. Each method is examined to ensure that it is comprehensible to transport practitioners, is able to correctly classify outliers, and is efficient in its application. The first method is a crude method based on percentiles. The second uses a mean absolute deviation test. The third method is a modification of a traditional z- or t-statistical test. Results from each method and combinations of methods are compared. The preferred method is judged to be the third method alone, which uses the median rather than the mean as its measure of location and the inter-quartile range rather than the standard deviation as its measure of variability. This method is seen to be robust to both the outliers themselves and the presence of incident conditions. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated under a number of typical and atypical road traffic conditions. In particular, the method is applied to a different section of motorway and is shown to still produce useful results.
A Study on Load Analysis and Durability Test Condition of Automobile Brake Pedal

Automobile pedal which is loaded by driver’s input is transmitting load to throttle cable, braking device and clutch device and controlling automobile. Measuring working condition and applying equivalent damage are needed for reliability of developing pedal. The measuring working condition is requiring more investigation with various respects because of widely ranged drivers, road condition and environmental condition. Additionally, when equivalent damage is applied, there are not suitable for test condition if equivalent damage is too high level to apply or unused region. In this study, load history is measured with 95percentile customer. Measured load history is converted to stress history about critical area of pedal by FEM. There are drawn up histogram of pedal cycles and load from stress history with rain flow cycle counting method, calculated relative damage of extended stress history with Palmgren-Miner rule. From the results, calculated total relative damage is applied to calculation method of test time and load. Calculation method for test condition is carried out with three methods which are enforcing with total stress by rain flow cycle counting, representative load and blocked load. Accelerated durability test condition of pedal using with relative damage and acceleration factors are proposed.
District level value-added dynamical-synoptic forecast system for rainfall

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DESIGN AND BEAM DYNAMICS STUDY OF HYBRID ESS LINAC

The European Spallation Source, ESS, will use a superconducting linear accelerator delivering high current long pulses with an average beam power of 5 MW to the target station at 2.5 GeV. A new cryomodule architecture is proposed that can have a quasi-segmented interlacing which provides enough room for beam diagnostics, and can reduce the cryo heat load with respect to the segmented design by keeping the transition regions at sub-100 K region. This paper will present a review of the linac design, beam dynamics studies and a preliminary cryogenic analysis of the transition region.
An Administration Iteration Problem and its Solution when Deploying the RBAC Model

Access control is an important infrastructure of an information system. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model is the main-stream access control model. When deploying a RBAC model, there is an administration iteration problem which needs the information engineers to define the administrator structure before running the RBAC model, which make the deploying process redundancy and complex, make the running process rigid, and result in decrease of control capability of RBAC model. We present a top-down method. In this method, we define the administration authority as the source of management authority and set up the right and liability mechanism of RBAC. By this method, the administrator structure will be defined and expanded by administrators according to application requirements, and the right and liability mechanism can make sure these administrators should perform their management authorities responsibly and legally. Our method can solve the administration iteration problem and improve the flexibility of RBAC model.
Optimization models and solution methods for load management

The electricity market in Sweden has changed during recent years. Electricity for industrial use can now be purchased from a number of competing electricity suppliers. Hence, the price for each kilowatt‐hour is significantly lower than it was just two years ago and interest in electricity conservation measures has declined. However, part of the electricity tariff, i.e. the demand cost expressed in Swedish Kronor (SEK) for each kilowatt, is almost the same as before. Attention has thereby been drawn to load management measures in order to reduce this specific cost. Saving one kWh might lead to a monetary saving of between SEK 0.22 and SEK 914; this paper demonstrates how to eliminate only those kWh that actually save a significant amount of money. A load management system has been installed in a small carpentry factory that can turn off equipment based on a pre‐set priority and number of minutes each hour. The question now is what level of the electricity load is optimal in a strictly mathematical sense, i.e. how many kW should be set in the load management computer in order to maximise profitability? In this paper, we develop a mathematical model that can be used as a tool both to find the most profitable subscription level and to control the choices to be made. Numerical results from a case study are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recursive least error squares algorithm for power system relaying and measurement applications

A recursive algorithm suitable for microprocessor-based power system relaying and measurement applications is described. The algorithm is designed using the least error squares (LES) curve fitting technique. The mathematical background for the nonrecursive least error squares algorithm is extended to form a recursive algorithm. A method for including decaying DC and harmonic frequencies in the algorithm is described. Sample studies are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed algorithm. The recursive LES (RLES) algorithm is shown to be computationally efficient and does not require the time constant of decaying DC and statistical information concerning the signal. It is shown that a 12-RLES algorithm can be used for implementing transformer differential protection. >
Compact multiple input and multiple output/diversity antenna for portable and mobile ultra-wideband applications

This study presents a miniaturised multiple input and multiple output /diversity antenna which is suitable for high data-rate communication systems such as mobile ultra-wideband (UWB). This antenna assembly comprises two identical planar inverted-F antennas, a T-shaped structure connecting them and a finite ground plane. The T-shaped structure improves the impedance matching and suppresses the mutual coupling between the antenna elements over a wider bandwidth than previously reported. The compact envelope dimension of this antenna is 50 × 90 × 7.5 mm 3 . Theoretical and experimental S -parameters are illustrated for this antenna that fully cover the UWB operating frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz, with a reflection coefficient and mutual coupling better than -10 and -20 dB, respectively. Acceptable agreement is obtained between computed and measured radiation patterns, gains, envelope correlation coefficient and channel capacity loss. The proposed antenna is an attractive candidate to provide pattern diversity and enhance channel capacity in a rich scattering environment.
The Periodontal Ligament, A Key Factor During Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Mechanical Characterization by Nanoindentation

This study concerns the determination of some mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL) by nanoindentation tests. The PDL is an essential promoter of the transmission of stresses applied to a tooth, then of bone remodeling. Few data available in the literature contradict each other. Some mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament were determined by nanoindentation and compared to the existing literature.
User Acceptance of Automatic Vehicle Location System Technology: A Study of Motor Carriers in Taiwan

This paper aims to analyse the Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVLS) acceptance intentions of motor carriers. This study applies Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate the impact of three factors based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the social norm on the intention of motor carriers. Empirical results indicate that a revised TAM could explain the AVLS acceptance behaviour of local motor carriers. Perceived ease of use has a stronger effect on AVLS acceptance intention than perceived usefulness. Government policies and AVLS introduction by competitors also influence motor carriers' behavioural intentions.
Supplier development: communication approaches, activities and goals

Operations managers rely on the purchasing function to obtain production inputs from suppliers and to ensure supplier performance. The link between supplier development activities performed by buying firms with their suppliers, in terms of operational outcomes and impact on competitive advantage for the buying firm has been well documented. However, a buying firm should, prior to setting up a supplier development program and investing in supplier development activities, establish goals it wants to achieve and determine how to achieve these goals. Until now, supplier development goals in general and their relationship with supplier development activities have received little research attention. The results from this empirical study suggest that the relationship between the goal to improve a supplier's capabilities and knowledge transfer from the buyer to the supplier firm is moderated by the degree of human interaction. Buying firms pursuing the strategy to improve supplier capabilities rely more intensively on training and co-location of buyer and supplier employees to leverage the knowledge transfer to the supplier firm.
Analysis of the peculiarity of the japanese software development style in offshore software development

Offshore software development (OSD) is now becoming a global trend. While western companies are using OSD effectively, Japanese companies have not yet used it effectively. Several studies have concluded that this is due to the peculiarity of the Japanese software development style in OSD and have pointed out the problems of Japanese OSD. However, the peculiarity of the Japanese software development style has not been identified yet. Therefore, this paper attempts to identify it. Most previous studies have described the problems of Japanese OSD without considering the software development method. We have focused on agile methods and attempted to analyze the problems pointed out previous studies in accordance with the features of agile methods. It was found that the Japanese software development style is agile‐like. In addition, a survey was conducted to find out what kind of software development method is being used in Japanese OSD projects. It was found that the waterfall method is mainly used. It is concluded that the peculiarity of the Japanese software development style and problems come from the conflict between the software development methods used and their actual implementations. IEEJ Trans 2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20605
Simulation of charge pumping current in hot-carrier degraded p-MOSFET's

Charge pumping is a widely used method of evaluating the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces in MOSFETs. The modelling of this technique in a p-MOSFET using two-dimensional device simulator is presented. A two-dimensional transient model which accounts for the interface-state dynamics is employed to simulate the charge pumping in MOSFETs with good accuracy. The simulation results are substantiated by measurement results.