Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Speech Recognition of Compound-Rich Languages

Traditional hybrid speech recognition systems use a ﬁxed vocabulary for recognition, which is a challenge for agglutinative and compounding languages due to the presence of large number of rare words. This causes high out-of-vocabulary rate and leads to poor probability estimates for rare words. It is also important to keep the vocabulary size in check for a low-latency WFST-based speech recognition system. Previous works have addressed this problem by utilizing subword units in the language model training and merging them back to reconstruct words in the post-processing step. In this paper, we extend such open vocabulary approaches by focusing on compounding aspect. We present a data-driven unsupervised method to identify compound words in the vocabulary and learn rules to segment them. We show that compound modeling can achieve 3% to 8% relative reduction in word error rate and up to 9% reduction in the vocabulary size compared to word-based models. We also show the importance of consistency between the lexicon employed during decoding and acoustic model training for subword-based systems.
THE POTENTIAL FOR USING CULTURE FILTRATE OF CHROOCOCCUS MINUTUS AS FUNGICIDAL AGENT AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC PYTHIUM SP

Culture filtrate of the blue-green alga Chroococcus minutus isolated from Wadi-Sannur, Egypt, was screened for its antimicrobial activity against 5 Gram positive and 3 Gram negative bacterial species, unicellular fungus Candida albicans and 9 filamentous fungal species. The filtrate exhibited an inhibitory activity against all bacterial species under investigation except Staphylococcus aureus, has a selective inhibitory effect against the fungal tested organisms. Further studies were conducted to optimize the growth conditions and to enhance the productivity of C. minutus. The data revealed that pH 8, light/dark period of 16/8 h and light intensity of 2000 Lux were the optimum growth conditions for enhancing the cyanobacterium productivity. Moreover, the cyanobacterial culture filtrate was tested as a biocontrol agent against the phytopathogen Pythium sp. which parasite on the tomato plant. Significant stimulating effects were produced on the tomato seeds which previously soaked in C. minutus culture filtrate, in retarding the Pythium sp. symptoms. This was obvious such as increasing seed germination percentages, survival percentages and growth parameters such as increasing fresh weight shoot and root length and chlorophyll contents.
Model behavior of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Predicting soil carbon dynamics under climate change

In this commentary, I advocate for more detailed incorporation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Earth system models, to improve our projections of global climate change. Current Earth system models display relatively low predictability of soil C stocks, which limit our ability to estimate future climate conditions. A more explicit incorporation of microbial mechanisms can increase the accuracy of ecosystem-scale models that inform the larger-scale Earth system models. Of the numerous microbial groups that can influence soil C dynamics, AM fungi are particularly tractable for integration in models. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are globally abundant and perform critical roles in C cycling, such as augmentation of net primary productivity and soil C storage. Moreover, AM communities exhibit relatively low diversity within ecosystems, compared with other microbial groups. In addition, global datasets of AM ecology are available for use in model development. Thus, AM communities can be readily simulated.
Genetic effects of released mature Ctenopharyngodon idellus on natural populations based on the mitochondrial DNA markers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

In order to assess the effects of genetic diversity and genetic structure of released parent Ctenopharyngodon idellus on natural populations in the middle of Yangtze River,four released mature C. idellus populations and two natural populations of captured junior in the middle Yangtze River in 2011 and 2012 were studied based on mitochondrial Cyt b and Dloop sequences. The results showed that 65 polymorphic sites in the 2 046 bp aligned sequences,and 39 different haplotypes were identified among 182 samples. The average haplotype diversity( Hd) and the average nucleotide diversity( π) of six populations were 0. 772 and 0. 001 0,respectively,revealing low genetic diversity. The genetic differential index FSTby analysis of molecular variance( AMOVA) among the six populations was 0. 010 12,which meaned that there were no genetic differentiation among populations( P 0. 05). Mixed stock identification analyses indicated that the proportions of two natural populations( ZBC,ZCC) in the mixed population were 48. 914 5% and 27. 054 5%,respectively. So it now should be little impacts of genetic diversity and genetic structure by released mature C. idellus on natural populations in this study.
Influence of Fasting and Refeeding on Protein, DNA, RNA and mRNA Contents in the Liver of Chicks

The influence of fasting and refeeding on protein, DNA, RNA and mRNA contents in the liver of chicks was investigated. Total mRNA was purified from total RNA by using modified Poly (U)Sepharose affinity chromatography. The mRNA content was determined by measuring the absorbance at 260nm and polyadenylic acid (5') was used as a standard. Total protein, DNA and RNA contents in the liver were reduced by fasting and were increased by refeeding although they remained to be significantly lower than the control. The relative amount of mRNA was unchanged by both fasting and refeeding. Food deprivation for 3 days decreased total mRNA content which was recovered by the following 3-day-refeeding up to the control level. The significant influence of fasting and refeeding was not observed in RNA: protein ratio. This unchanged ratio suggested that, at least, food deprivation and refeeding did not change the relative concentration of hepatic RNA, which can be regarded as the site of protein synthesis. Although there was no significant difference in mRNA: DNA ratio between 3-day-fasting and control groups, the ratio in the refed group was higher than that in the age-matched control group. The apparent increase in mRNA: DNA ratio by refeeding would result from the lower DNA content than control, and this result could lead the possibility of enhancing the transcriptional step and/or the stability of mRNA molecules by fasting and refeeding. (Jpn. Poult. Sci., 30: 55-61, 1993)
ROLE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF FAIRTRADE PREMIUM PROJECTS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the role of total quality management on the performance of fair trade premium projects with particular reference to Flamingo Horticulture Limited (herein referred to as the company or organization). Methodology: The target population for this research comprised of the employees, the management and the fair trade premium committee of the Flamingo Horticulture Limited. The study employed descriptive research design. A census sampling was carried out and the sample size was 46. Survey method was used to solicit the information. The researcher used a questionnaire to collect primary data which was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques then presented in tables. Data collected will be both quantitative and qualitative. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was enhanced by carrying out a pilot study prior to data collection. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics by aid of Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The results were presented in form of Tables. Results: The studies found that quality management planning, customer focus and application of Quality Management planning approaches such as auditing, continuous improvement, monitoring & evaluation have positive effect on performance of fairtrade premium projects. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive and significant correlations between performance of Fairtrade premium projects in Kenya and all independent variables (quality management planning, r=0.537, p<0.05; customer focus, r=0.542, p<0.05; leadership qualities, r=0.476, p<0.05 and, QMS approaches, r=0.452, p<0.05). Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Fairtrade organizations should integrate quality management planning in their overall planning process to ensure identification of risks, to ensure that errors are eliminated throughout the operational process and products and services are produced at an optimal quality that can satisfy all stakeholders. Adoption of quality management will enable the leaders to use their personal values, ethics, and commitment to the organization’s vision and mission, passionate to energize and create a synergy in teams; heading towards accomplishment of organizational goals. With high level of quality improvement quality management practices and leadership will be higher since leadership qualities are associated with successful quality improvement.
Evaluation of Software Requirement Specification Based on IEEE 830 Quality Properties

Software requirement specification (SRS) documented an essential requirement of software and its external interface. Many studies found the quality of SRS, but lack of the informality organizing of document and representation of functional requirement. This paper aims to evaluate the quality properties of the software requirement specification (SRS). There are four quality properties to be assessed, which are completeness, correctness, preciseness, and consistency. Completeness quality is used to evaluate the structure of the SRS document; meanwhile, the other three qualities used to evaluate the functional requirement. The measurement for each quality properties has been proposed in the previous study. The evaluation process involves a few stages. In short, the prototype would extract text through the provided document, do a calculation, and came out with the result in the form of a similarity percentage. The prototype designs in such ways it minimizes the user interference. Those resulted in reducing human error. Corpus contains libraries of term and topic are expected to increase the reliability of detection. The corpus includes topics extracted from IEEE 830 standard, vague word, terms represent Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operation, and terms denote possible datatype. The extracted functional requirement would be refined based on the Requirement Boilerplate (RB) template. RB adopted in the study to ensure the consistency of functional refinement requirements. The percentage of similarity is determined based on comparison with IEEE 830 standard. The rate of the result of each quality properties reflects the quality of the software requirement specification.
The Analysis of the Teacher-Made Multiple-Choice Tests Quality for English Subject

This study aimed at investigating and analyze the quality of teacher-made multiple-choice tests used as summative assessment for English subject. The quality of the tests was seen from the norms in constructing a good multiple-choice test. The research design used was descriptive research. Document study and interview were used as methods of collecting the data. The data was analyzed by comparing the 18 norms in constructing a good multiple-choice test and the multiple-choice tests, then, analyzed by using formula suggested by Nurkencana. The result showed the quality of the teacher-made multiple-choice tests a is very good with 79 items (99%) qualified as very good and I item (1%) qualified good. There were still found some problems referring to some norms. Therefore, it is suggested that the teachers have to pay attention to these unfulfilled norms. To minimize the issues, it is further suggested to do peer review, rechecking, and
Effects of Artemisia ordosica Extract on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Artemisia ordosica extract(AOE) on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of broilers. A total of 160 one-day-old Arbor Acre(AA) broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 8 broilers per replicate after the broilers fed basal diet two weeks. Broilers in the control treatment were fed basal diet, and broilers in the experimental treatments were fed the basal diets supplemented with 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg AOE, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 d from d 15 to d 42. The results showed that with the increasing of AOE additive, 1) from d 15 to 28, the average daily gain showed a linear( P0.05) or significant quadratic(P0.01) increase; from d 15 to 42, the average daily gain showed a quadratic(P0.05) increase; 2) The thigh meat percentage showed a significant linear( P0.01) or quadratic(P0.05) increase; 3) luminance value of breast muscle showed a trend of quadratic( P0.05) increase; p H45 min showed a trend of quadratic(P 0.05) increase; p H24 hshowed a significant quadratic(P 0.05) increase; shear force showed a significant quadratic(P0.01) dose-dependent. It is concluded that AOE can increase average daily gain to promote growth performance, and improve meat quality of broilers in some extent.
Physiotherapy: Design and Implementation of a Wearable Sleeve using IMU Sensor and VR to Measure Elbow Range of Motion

Range of motion (RoM) is the measurement of angular movement of joints that defines the joints flexibility. It is crucial to measure RoM while performing musculo-skeletal diagnostics. The physiotherapy and the visits to hospitals can be very costly and demands a great deal of time; also most of the current digital instruments, used to measure RoM, are very expensive and hard to use. In this paper a digital wearable sleeve device is designed and tested which is cheap, time efficient and easy to use. The designed device is tested to be within 95 % agreement with Universal Goniometer (UG) when tested using Bland Altman Plots. Patients can take their measurements on their own and visualize results on their desktops or mobile phones. Patients also have graphical feedback, highlighting the extent of variation between their exercise performance and standard exercise. In addition to this; patients can also compare their current exercise from previous exercise using Kalmogorov-Simronov (K-S) test automatically. To make exercising more fun, we have developed 3D VR (Virtual Reality) gaming environment for elbow flexion, elbow supination and pronation and elbow extension exercises where patient can exercise in an interactive environment and visualize their progress side by side.
SPATIAL PARAMETERS OF STATOGRAMS IN DIAGNOSING PATHOLOGIES OF THE HUMAN LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

The analysis of the spatial parameters of statograms in terms of the projection area of the common center of mass (CCM) in single and double support was performed, along with the magnitude of the total maximum area of the statogram and its relation to the area of the projection spot for each type of standing, and the area of the statogram according to the mathematical expectation. The high sensitivity of the spatial parameters of statograms is indicated by the values of the CCM spot plane in the case of single support, the ratio of the planes, and the angular asymmetry. The analysis of the parameters of statograms showed that for all types of standing volunteers of the control group, the area of the projection spot of the CCM was the smallest in both two-pronged standing, and in single support standing. In patients with osteochondrosis and with coxarthrosis (CA), the area of the spots was much larger, with a statistically significant difference observed in single support (p < 0.05). The ratio of the planes was statistically different between groups (р = 0.043): in the control group it was the maximum (0.38), which reflects the highest ability to maintain equilibrium, and the minimum (0.25) – in the group of patients with CA. An analysis of variance revealed a significant difference (p = 0.025) of asymmetry in body angle K between the study groups. The angle of the body rotation K in the case of single support is not statistically different in the study groups (p = 0.294), but this indicator can be considered as prognostic in terms of the diagnosis of pathology of the musculoskeletal system.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME IMMUNE ORGANS OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (TILAPIA NILOTICA)

The thymus of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) was covered by thin capsule with short trabeculae. The parenchyma was differentiated into cortex and medulla; the cortex consisted of dense population of lymphoid cells and few epithelial reticular cells, while the medulla consisted of few lymphoid cells and abundant epithelial reticular cells. Thymic corpuscle-like structures also detected in the medulla. The parenchyma also contained pigmented macrophages and mast cells. The kidney of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) was differentiated into two parts; head and trunk kidneys. Head kidney could not differentiated into cortex and medulla. The subcapsular region contained haemopoietic tissue. The haemopoietic elements were represented by different types of cells. Non encapsulated melano-macrophage centres were found either sporadic or as clusters. Corpuscle of Stannius was seen embedded in the parenchyma. The trunk kidney was formed of nephrons and interstitial tissue which was represented by haemopoietic tissue, lymphoid tissue and melano-macrophages. The spleen was surrounded by thin capsule. The spleen was composed of red, ill developed white pulp and accumulation of melano-macrophages. The subcapsular region occupied mostly by the red pulp. Also the spleen contained haemopoietic tissue. Some exocrine pancreatic acini were noticed at subcapsular region. Melano-macrophage centres were found around the vascular channels and embedded in the parenchyma. Histological Studies On Some Immune Organs . Mamdouh A. EL-Shammaa et al., Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 6
On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

Three species of Oxypoda Mannerheim from Turkey are described and illustrated: O . ( Podoxya ) pontica sp. n. (Rize), O . ( Bessopora ) aydinica sp. n. (Aydin), and O . ( Mycetodrepa ) obscuricollis sp. n. (Mersin). A new combination and a new synonymy are established: Oxypoda ( Thliboptera ) scheerpeltziana (Fagel, 1968), comb. n. (ex Aleochara ) = Oxypoda micantoides Assing, 2006, syn. n. Additional records of previously described species are reported from Turkey (22 species), Lebanon (1 species), and Israel (1 species), among them the first Turkish records of O. brevicornis (Stephens), O. lesbia Assing, and O. recondita Kraatz, as well as the first record of O. ignorata Zerche from Lebanon. The distributions of 10 species are mapped. A checklist of all Oxypoda species reported from Turkey is compiled.
Two new genera and nine new species of damselflies from a localized area in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Odonata: Zygoptera)

Two new genera, Franciscobasis and Franciscagrion, and seven new species, i.e. Acanthagrion franciscoi, Franciscobasis franciscoi, Franciscobasis sonia, Franciscagrion franciscoi, Franciscagrion longispinum, Minagrion franciscoi and Oxyagrion franciscoi, are described and illustrated. In addition, two new species of Peristicta are reported and will be described elsewhere. All these species have been collected along a 600 m stretch of the headwaters of the São Francisco River, within the Serra da Canastra National Park, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The significance of this finding in such a small area is discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B7390427-0D9D-4464-AA67-5664B0688DA5; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48F0C894-1847-4594-A5EF-B71A0F57583D; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4D73BF2-2E2A-4D55-9252-931CABBC2A0B; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D844B3F6-0D38-4C3E-B842-FD1A83073F9F; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:29D2C471-8882-4C36-9764-84C7EBA893C6; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DDAF4E8C-69DD-41C2-AEFA-EC42186F6E5E; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:725CC35B-749F-498D-B3F0-1D29193E1538; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6BCC759F-83DA-43ED-A700-B28CE3CA24BB; http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CC24F54-773D-4B0B-9C70-DE32F351D4BD
Molecular phytogeny of the brown algal genus petrospongium NÃgeli ex KÃtz. (Phaeophyceae) with evidence for petrospongiaceae fam. nov.

Based on morphological evidence, the systematic position of the genus Petro-spongium and its relationship with the genera Leathesia and Corynophlaea have long been disputed. In the present study, the position within the order Ectocarpales of the type species, Petrospongium berkeleyi (Grev. in Berk.) Nageli ex Kutz. , has been investigated using molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL and psaA sequences. Petrospongium berkeleyi and its Pacific vicariant P. rugosum appeared closely related and did not cluster with other members of the Chordariaceae, particularly the genera Leathesia and Corynophlaea, nor with any other currently recognised ectocarpalean family. The genus Petrospongium formed an independent monophyletic group which was a sister clade of the family Ectocarpaceae. The genera Ectocarpus and Petrospongium differ in their mode of thallus construction (filamentous thallus and pseudoparenchymatous cushion-like thallus, respectively), and in the type of plastids (ribbon-shape and discoid, respectively). These morphological differences agree with our phylogenetic analyses and lead us to propose the family Petrospongiaceae fam. nov. to accommodate the genus Petrospongium.
The Role of Accounting Conservatism in Moderating the Determinants of Earning Quality

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of liquidity, profit growth, firm size, and board of commissioners on the quality of earnings with conservatism as a moderating variable. The population of this study was the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. Sampling of the research used purposive sampling method has obtained 59 sample companies with 4 years of observation so that 239 units of analysis were obtained. The total unit of analysis was reduced by 103 outlier data, so that the data used became 133 data. The analysis techniques used in the research were descriptive statistical analysis technique and inferential regression analysis with moderating variable. The results show that liquidity, profit growth, and the board of commissioners have no effect on the quality of earnings. Meanwhile, accounting conservatism does not moderate the effect of liquidity and firm size on earnings quality. The failure of accounting conservatism as the moderating variable in this research model is interesting to be carried out by the further research by developing the appropriate conservatism measurement according to the characteristics of manufacturing companies.
Mobility-Aware Container Migration in Cloudlet-Enabled IoT Systems using Integrated Muticriteria Decision Making

Service migration plays a vital role in continuous service delivery in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This pa-per presents a mobility-aware container migration algorithm for Cloudlet-enabled IoT systems. The proposed algorithm is based on an integrated multicriteria decision making (MCDM) approach. It has been implemented using a specialized simulation tool and compared to other existing migration algorithms. Simu-lation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to achieve up to 48%, 48%, 20% and 36% improvement in migration time, service downtime, migration reliability and service loss rate, respectively as compared to other migration algorithms. The proposed algorithm is capable of perceiving the run-time dynamics of IoT systems and appropriately manage the process of container migration.