Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical Responses Of Tepary Bean Plant Under Change In Growth Condition

Plants adjust physiochemical attributes to maintain sustainable growth under different agricultural practices such as the management of sowing date and planting pattern.The present experiment aims to investigate the important role of sowing date (SD) and planting pattern (row arrangement) on physiochemical attributes of tepary bean (Phaseolusacutifolius L.) as a split-split plot designs with three replications during 2017 and 2018 . The main plots were two planting patterns (PP1: one-row and PP2: two-row plantation) and sub plots were three sowing dates (early, medium and late planting respectively June 15:SD1, June 30:SD2, and July15:SD3). The results showed increased chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid content was observed under two-row plantation and medium sowing date . Although Chl content improved at PP2, carotenoid had no response to planting pattern . The greater relative water content (RWC) was observed in plants under SD2, but the increased proline accumulation was reported at SD3. The least catalase and superoxide dismutase aggregation with 19 and 9.3(Umg-1protein) was obtained in plants under two-row plantation and medium sowing date respectively. Photosynthesis pigments represented the significant and positive correlation with RWC, but they negatively correlated with proline, CAT and SOD. Sowing date and planting pattern influence the microclimate of tepary bean, which affect the physiochemical properties. Therefore, physiochemical attributes are recommended to observe the optimal situation of tepary bean under the management of sowing date and planting pattern in arid and semiarid areas.
Mutans Streptococci and Removable Orthodontics

Numerous studies have investigated the influence of orthodontic therapy and appliances on the oral microbial flora. Little is known about the effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral colonisation by mutans streptococci. The original aim of the present investigation was to assess the mean and the statistical mean difference of colony values of S. Mutans in a removable orthodontic appliance fabricated from two types of acrylic resin for an Iraqi sample. According to certain predetermined sample criteria; the present study consist of eleven consecutive young patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment with removable orthodontic appliances at the department of orthodontics at the college of dentistry/ University of babylon as well as dental student seeking orthodontic treatment. Each subject included in the present study had to wear an upper (hot cured) and lower (cold cured) well adaptive removable orthodontic appliance. A swab was taken from the lingual/palatal gingival and inoculated within the brain heart agar then cultured within Mitis- Salivarius Bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colonies were calculated for each plate, afterwards the colony forming unit (CFU) will be calculated. of the present study showing that all bacterial colony values were higher in the lower than upper arch. However, a statistical non significant difference was registered between the colony mean values of both arches. The present study signify both types of acrylic resins (heat/ cold) can be used as an orthodontic acrylic base in removable appliances within the orthodontic practice with a careful monitoring of patients treated orthodontically for risk of caries development.
Nitrogen release from differently aged Raphanus sativus L. nitrate catch crops during mineralization at autumn temperatures

In temperate climates with surplus precipitation and low temperatures during autumn and winter, nitrate catch crops have become crucial in reducing nitrate leaching losses. Preferably, the N retained by the catch crop should remain in the soil and become available to the next main crop. Fodder radish (Raphanus sativus, L.) has emerged as a promising nitrate catch crop in cereal cropping, although the course of remineralization of residue N following termination of this frost‐sensitive crucifer remains obscured. We incubated radish residues of different age (different planting and harvest dates) with a loamy sand soil; mineralization of residue N was determined after 1, 2, 4 and 7 months of incubation at 2 °C and 10 °C. Incubations with soil only and with residues of white mustard (Sinapis alba, L) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, L.) were included as references. Using linear regression, net N release was fitted to plant chemical characteristics (initial concentrations of N, fibre fractions, lignin and C/N ratio). Residue C/N ratio (ranging from 10 to 25) and N concentration (ranging from 17 to 40 mg N/g dry matter) showed superior fits to net N release at both temperatures (r2, 0.64–0.94) while fibre analyses provided inferior fits (r2, 0.12–0.64). This was true across planting date and plant age. Net N release after 7 months of incubation at 2 °C and 10 °C accounted for up to 40% and 50% of residue N, respectively. During most of the incubation period, nitrate dominated the mineral N pool at both temperatures. The N mineralization and nitrification potential at these low soil temperatures suggest that a considerable fraction of the N captured by nitrate catch crops may be remineralized, nitrified and thus available for plant uptake but also for loss by leaching and denitrification.
Exogenous arginine modulates leaf antioxidant enzymes and hydrogen peroxide content in tomato plants under transient heat stresses

Heat stress can impact crop development and yield and amino acids play diverse essential roles in plants. This work aimed to study the long-term effects of foliar spray with L-arginine in antioxidant machinery, physiology, nutrition, productivity and fruit quality of tomato plants subjected to transient heat stresses. Six concentrations of L-arginine were sprayed on the plants: 0 (control), 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 g·L–1. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species, decreased concurrently to the increasing arginine concentration. The ascorbate peroxide (APX) activity had an inverse behavior to that observed for H2O2 content (r = –0.79), not only indicating that arginine is able to modulate APX, but also suggesting that this enzyme plays an important role on the mitigation of H2O2 generation under heat stress. Ascorbate peroxide and catalase (CAT) activities had a positive correlation (r = 0.82), showing that these enzymes may work in tandem. The influence of arginine on photosynthesis activity and gas exchange was generally weak and depended mainly on the plant developmental stage. Yield was increased by 19.8 and 23.1% in plants that received 1.0 and 0.5 g·L–1 of arginine, respectively, when compared to control plants. In conclusion, the use of exogenous L-arginine can protect tomato plants against oxidative imbalance under transient heat within protected environments.
The impact of road pricing on travel time variability under elastic demand

This paper analyzes the impact of road pricing for the bottleneck model with endogenous random delay. We extend the widely used scheduling model by integrating trip scheduling, endogenous traffic congestion, travel time variability (TTV), and road pricing into one modeling framework to analyze the role of road pricing in addressing TTV. This paper investigates the departure profiles and examines the social surplus under TTV and derives analytical results to illustrate properties of the model. It demonstrates the impact of road pricing and TTV on the departure profile of travelers and the system performance. For travelers, the presence of TTV leads to a smooth departure profile, hence a reduction in queuing cost. As for the system, TTV reduces the social surplus. This study shows that road pricing can be used to compensate or mitigate the social surplus loss due to TTV.
Synthesis of Benzyl Bromide

Benzyl bromide was synthesized from dibenzyl ether and hydrobromic acid with SO42-/ TiO2 as catalyst and cyclohexane as dehydrant. The effects of temperature and time of the reaction, the ratio of reactants,the amount of catalyst, the calcinating temperature and time on the yield of benzyl bromide were studied. The optimal reaction condition was obtained. The yield of benzyl bromide attained 80.2% with the mole ratio of hydrobromic acid to dibenzyl ether 3:1, 0.5 g SO42-/ TiO2 as catalyst, reaction temperature of 100～110℃for 8 hour, the amount of cyclohexane 8 mL.
Compact Fuel Processor by Employing Monolithic Catalyst for 1 kW Class Residential Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

A compact fuel processor for 1 kW class PEFCs was designed with dramatically reduced volume and catalyst amount by employing a monolithic catalyst compared with those for existing conventional ones. Only 0.7 g of precious metal was used for all catalysts. A high thermal efficiency, 82.3% HHV, was achieved at 100% load, with a low pressure drop, 3.6 kPa. The outlet gas, with a composition of 75.0 vol% H2, 19.2 vol% CO2, 2.2 vol% CH4, and 20 ppm CO, was obtained under normal conditions.
Knowledge Analysis and Attitudes of Midwifery Students of Universitas Andalas Faculty of Medicine about 1000 HPK related to Prenatal Period

The First 1000 Days of Life (conception to 2-year-olds) is a very important age range for brain and body development. The availability of qualified human resources becomes a determinant in the development of a nation which is one of the goals in shaping the golden generation in 2045. The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge and attitudes of midwifery undergraduate students at the Universitas Andalas Medical School about 1000 HPK related to prenatal period. This study uses a comparative analytic method with cross sectional design, carried out in the Midwifery Bachelor Study Program at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas in August 2019. The research subjects were 62 semester 2 and 6 semester midwifery students. Data collection by observation and questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data analysis used Chi square with p-value , ≤0,05. The results showed the knowledge of female students in semester 2 and semester 6 was at a high level. Significantly the semester 6 knowledge (96.8%) was higher than the semester 2 students (54.8%). Second semester students (61.3%) had a lower positive attitude than 6th semester students (93.5%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there were differences between the knowledge of female college students in semester 2 and semester 6 (p = 0.001), and attitude (p = 0.005). Where there is no relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude (p = 0.082). From the bivariate analysis, it was found that there was a difference between the knowledge and attitudes of female students in semester 2 and semester 6 about 1000 HPK related to the prenatal period. It is expected that this research can be a reference and evaluation of material specifications for 1000 HPK, especially in the prenatal period.
Selective Adsorption of Thiol Molecules at Sulfur Vacancies on MoS2(0001), Followed by Vacancy Repair via S–C Dissociation

For the development of various molecular nanostructures such as single-molecule electronic circuits, it is very important to fix the molecular components at predetermined positions on a substrate. We report the fixation of the thiol derivatives dodecanethiol and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS) on a MoS2(0001) substrate at prefabricated sulfur vacancies. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals the selective bonding of thiol groups to the Mo atoms at the vacancy defects. In addition, we report STM tip-induced dissociation of the S–C bond, which essentially results in the repair of the vacancy defects with sulfur atoms from the thiols. This is consistent with the high desulfurization reactivity of MoS2. Because of its structure and composition, MPS has a higher dissociation reactivity than that of dodecanethiol.
A Qualitative Study of Social Media Marketing in Ireland: The Facilitating Role of Higher Education

In this paper we present a qualitative study of social media marketing by small business owners in Ireland. We present data from interviews with six owner/managers, six employees, and six experts. Exploring the three perspectives simultaneously facilitates a three-way narrative. We apply narrative structuring as proposed by Kvale (2006) in order to provide insight into the understanding, practices, motivations, behavior, and activities of small businesses as they relate to marketing; specifically, social media-based marketing. The delivery of skills to small businesses create challenges for higher education in terms of the design of curriculum, pedagogy and accreditation. A significant finding of this study is the influence that the attitudes, knowledge and capacity of the owners have on their propensity to engage with social media marketing. There is a role for higher education in bridging this gap. However, this is not just in the delivering of traditional skills, but working as facilitators and developing student, graduate and employee advocates through a comprehensive provision of experiential and work-based learning initiatives. This paper presents novel insights and improves our understanding of the role of higher education in supporting the training needs of small businesses. In our conclusion we present a series of recommendations on the design of customized training programs for small businesses.
In vitro urease and trypsin inhibitory activities of some sulfur compounds

Background and Aims: Organosulfur compounds modulate the activities of plurality of metabolic enzymes, especially those that activate (cytochrome P450s) or detoxify (glutathione-S-transferases) carcinogens. They also inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in different target tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of some sulfur compounds on urease and trypsin activities in vitro. Methods: In the present study, the inhibitory effect of sulfur compounds on the activities urease and trypsin were determined according to the method of Hanif et al. (2012) and Ribeiro et al. (2010), respectively. Results: In comparison to the reference standard thiourea (IC50= 53.81±0.68 µg/mL), S-allyl-L-cysteine (IC50= 0.88±0.01 µg/ mL) and D, L-methionine (IC50= 0.91±0.02 µg/mL) had the highest urease inhibitor activity, corresponding to the lowest IC50 values among the sulfur compounds. Among the sulfur compounds used in this study, D,L-methionine (IC50= 0.13±0.01 mg/ mL) exhibited the lowest IC50 value for trypsin inhibitor, though its activity was less than that of tannic acid which was used as a standard (IC50= 0.06±0.01 mg/mL). Conclusion: The present outcome suggests that sulfur compounds are potential inhibitors of urease and trypsin activities, and may find importance in medicine and agriculture.
Analysis of Responses of a Healthy Subject and Subjects with Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Parkinson's Disease in Eye–Hand Coordination Pointing with Pencil Test

: Purpose: The objectives of this study were to quantitatively analyze the reaction patterns of ataxia and Parkinson’s disease cases that are cognitively harmless and to examine the characteristics of pathological reactions, such as ataxia, rigidity, and motor control, compared to the patterns of a healthy subject. Methods: An eye–hand coordination pointing with pencil test (EHCPPT) app was developed that requires patients to tap a bullseye target with a pencil for screening testing. This app is intended to be used during regular check-ups of the elderly to help them maintain their home lifestyle through self-management of health. The EHCPPT consists of two tasks, both of which require the patient to tap a bullseye target as a test of eye–hand coordination in response to a stimulus sound. In one task, the sound is repeated rhythmically; in the other, it is generated irregularly and infrequently. The EHCPPT app is based on the “oddball paradigm” experimental design and can be administered in just a few minutes to measure the time lag between the sounds and taps as well as the distance between the target and tapped locations auto-matically. Results: The data generated when the app was used by a healthy subject, an ataxia patient, and a patient with Parkinson’s disease were analyzed. In each case, the data exhibited a distinctive pattern. Conclusion: The EHCPPT app is simple and fast and shows potential as a screening test.
EEG Artifact Removal System for Depression Using a Hybrid Denoising Approach

Introduction: Several computer-aided diagnosis systems for depression are suggested for use by clinicians to authorize the diagnosis. EEG may be used as an objective analysis tool for identifying depression in the initial stage to avoid it from reaching a severe and permanent state. However, artifact contamination reduces the accuracy in EEG signal processing systems. Methods: This work proposes a novel denoising method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) (with Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and wavelet packet transform. Initially, real EEG recordings corresponding to depression patients are decomposed into various mode functions by applying EMD. Then, DFA is used as the mode selection criteria. Further Wavelet Packets Decomposition (WPD)-based evaluation is applied to extract the cleaner signal. Results: Simulations were conducted on real EEG databases for depression to demonstrate the effects of the proposed techniques. To conclude the efficacy of the proposed technique, SNR and MAE were identified. The obtained results indicated improved signal-to-noise ratio and lower values of MAE for the combined EMD-DFA-WPD technique. Additionally, Random Forest and SVM (Support Vector Machine)-based classification revealed the improved accuracy of 98.51% and 98.10% for the proposed denoising technique. Whereas the accuracy of the EMD- DFA is 98.01% and 95.81% and EMD combined with DWT technique equaled 98.0% and 97.21% for the EMD- DFA technique for RF and SVM, respectively, compared to the proposed method. Furthermore, the classification performance for both classifiers was compared with and without denoising to highlight the effects of the proposed technique. Conclusion: Proposed denoising system results in better classification of depressed and healthy individuals resulting in a better diagnosing system. These results can be further analyzed using other approaches as a solution to the mode mixing problem of the EMD approach.
Inferring Origin-Destination Flows From Population Distribution

Origin-Destination (OD) flow contains the information of direction and volume of population mobility between different regions in a city, having significant value in public transportation resource allocation. Nevertheless, OD flow data is difficult to be collected due to high cost and privacy concerns. Alternatively, population distribution data is more easily accessible and less privacy-sensitive, and its variation can reflect the human mobility flow in urban regions. Motivated by this, in this paper, we explore population distribution to infer OD flows, which is called pop2flow (population distribution to OD flows) problem. Compared to the conventional OD forecasting problem by using the historical OD matrix, pop2flow is more challenging because the population distribution carries much less information. In order to solve the pop2flow problem, we proposed a model, Graph-based Spatial-temporal Embedding with Dynamic Fusion (GSTE-DF). Specifically, GSTE-DF is composed of two parts: node embedding learning and flow prediction. The node embedding learning part captures the dynamic spatial-temporal features of population distribution into each node's embedding. The flow prediction part adopts the learned embeddings and POI (points of interesting) distribution of every two regions to infer the population interaction between them. By conducting extensive experiments on real-world datasets collected in Beijing and New York City, we demonstrate the superiority of GSTE-DF compared to state-of-the-art baselines.
Comparison of Various PID Control Algorithms on Coupled-Tank Liquid Level Control System

On account of the unsatisfactory control effects of traditional PID control theory on dealing with complicated or nonlinear control system, the paper focused on multiple intelligent control theories, including fuzzy self-adaptation modulation PID control, BP neural network modulation PID control and RBF neural network modulation PID control. By setting double-Tank model as an example, and adopting MATLAB software programming, the research is aimed to realize tank level control via four PID control algorithms. By comparing the simulation curves of the four control algorithms, the superiority of the REF neural network in arbitrarily accurate approximating any continuous function is proved.
"Creating Cultures of Thinking" の知見に基づいた教育における可能性の検討

This paper introduces the knowledge we have gained and reports the team’s practice through participating in Project Zero’s online course, “Creating Cultures of Thinking” at Harvard Graduate School of Education in 2019. Our team consists of leaders from various backgrounds, such as elementary school education, university education, and language education. This course aims educators to analyze and discuss their theory and practice, based on the idea of “Creating Cultures of Thinking” and through studying the text by Ron Ritchhart’s “Creating Cultures of Thinking. ” Ron Ritchhart (2015) states that in order to create a culture of thinking, it is important to develop the learning and the thinking to a deeper level by valuing the group’s collective thinking as well as each individual’s thinking, and also by making the thinking itself visible. a of thinking in the classroom. Five belief sets are introduced which act as action theories and lay a foundation for our expectations in learning groups. Our team focused on deep vs. surface learning strategies among the five belief sets. As a result, the following factors and the possibilities for practice in education were clarified: (1) development of multifaceted questions for thinking; (2) development of visualizing thinking tools; (3) relating practical modeling with thinking routines; (4) development of the usage of conditional language; (5) relating growth mindset with classroom ground rules; (6) How to set up time for thinking.
Weighting-Factorless Predictive Torque Control Scheme for Dual Inverter fed Open-End-Winding PMSM With Single DC Source

The conventional predictive torque control (PTC) of open-end-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with single dc source deals with the problems of complex weighting factor tuning, higher ripples in zero sequence current (ZSC) and increased flux and torque ripples. To mitigate the above drawbacks, an effective weighting-factorless PTC scheme is proposed. Initially, the ZSC objective of cost function is evaluated with three types of zero sequence voltages (ZSV) of the system that are available. The magnitude of ZSV corresponding to the minimized ZSC error is selected. Six or seven candidate voltage vectors are arranged in accordance with optimized ZSV. As the ZSC imposes high impact on torque and current performance, the selected candidate voltage vectors can be used to meet the torque and flux objective. To further eliminate the flux weighting-factor, an improved incremental merit-based scheme is proposed in this article. The weighting-factors tuning is avoided in the proposed PTC method which results in reduced ZSC and improved current performance in addition to the reduced ripples in flux and torque as well as lower computational burden. The effectiveness of the proposed PTC method is experimentally verified and compared with the existing PTC methods.