Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asian Citrus Psyllid Stress Genes 519 GENE RESPONSE TO STRESS IN THE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID ( HEMIPTERA : PSYLLIDAE )

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a vector of the phloem-inhabiting bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a pathogen associated with the economically important citrus disease known as huanglongbing. Knowledge of the molecular genetics of D. citri and other insects provides insights into the basic biology of insects. For example, insects can be subjected to stressful conditions and then screened to determine if the conditions promote specific genetic responses. Such information, by identifying critical genetic responses linked to survival, can then be used in the development of genetic tools and in novel management strategies aimed at reducing psyllids populations. In this study, transcriptional responses of D. citri adults against 3 stress factors were investigated: physical wounding, heat stress, and exposure to low doses of the insecticide imidacloprid. No measureable transcriptional activity was observed for genes ( cyp, gst, CuZn-SOD, hsc70, or hsp90 ), which, in other insects, have been shown to respond to either physical wounding, heat stress, or exposure to insecticides. However, increased transcriptional activity of a heat-shock gene, hsp70 , was found in adult psyllids exposed to 42°C, although 6 h of exposure to this temperature was lethal to psyllids. These results suggest that hsp70 may play a role in response to heat stress of D. citri . Summer temperatures can exceed 37°C in Florida, Texas and California areas where the psyllids now occurs. Natural temperature fluctuations and gradual increases provide enough time for psyllids to acclimate to hot summer temperatures. We propose that the development of a method to disrupt gene expression, such as hsp70 , may be applicable for future strategies to suppress psyllids populations.
Social inclusion and local practices of belonging Rob Garbutt

Social inclusion is often conceptualised through a spatial metaphor which places boundaries on society, yielding the included and excluded. This paper argues for a relational understanding of society, in which all are implicated to varying degrees in practices and structures that privilege and disadvantage individuals and groups. The implication is that social inclusion policy requires an approach that develops programs that reduce exclusion while also addressing practices and norms that socially exclude. The focus of the paper is one aspect of social inclusion: achieving a sense of belonging, particularly at the everyday, local level. Belonging in this everyday sense can be thought of as an ongoing project achieved through everyday practices, rather than solely in terms of membership of a group. While many such practices, for example regularly engaging in team sports, are accepted ways of establishing and maintaining belonging, for others in a community practices of belonging may necessitate disrupting or at least broadening the established norms of how one belongs. To ground this discussion of inclusion and belonging, this paper draws on practices of belonging in a regional community. Established norms of belonging are examined through the idea of ‘being a local’, a way of belonging that appears to be based on membership. The paper then turns to two local projects which disrupt the exclusive bounds of local membership and attempt to establish new and inclusive practices of belonging. To conclude, parallels are drawn between the boundaries which define ‘the social’ in social inclusion and ‘the local community’ in being a local, to argue for the importance of including relational understandings of social inclusion in policy debates and program formulation.
Involvement of spx , dps and pox genes in acid stress response and bile salts presence in Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H 2 b 20

The phenomenon of cross protection in which adaptation to a stress condition also protects against another stress is well characterized and it is important for the survival of the Lactobacillus species in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Previous studies showed that the spx, dps, and pox genes are involved in response to oxidative stress in the Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20. The objective of this work was to study the molecular basis involved in the crossprotection phenomenon with the involvement of the spx, dps, and pox genes in the L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 responses to acid stresses and presence of bile salts. Cells exposure in MRS pH 3.5 for 30 and 60 min caused increased expression of the spx, dps, and pox genes, as compared to the control treatment. In MRS with 0.1% of bile salts, the spx gene expression increased after 30 min of cells exposure, and increased expression of the pox gene occurred only after 60 min exposure. In MRS containing 0.1% taurodeoxycholic acid the increased expression of the pox gene occurred after cells exposure for 30 and 60 min as compared to the control treatment. The dps and pox expression increased in the presence of 0.1% glycodeoxycholic acid in MRS after exposure for 30 min. The differential expression of spx, dps and pox genes in the L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 exposed to acid stress and bile salts presence showed the overlap and nonspecificity of these genes in response to stress and demonstrates the molecular basis involved in the cross-protection phenomenon and the existence of a survival mechanism for the L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 in the human GIT.
EPOS LHC: Test of collective hadronization with data measured at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

EPOS is a Monte-Carlo event generator for minimum bias hadronic interac- tions, used for both heavy ion interactions and cosmic ray air shower simulations. Since the last public release in 2009, the LHC experiments have provided a number of very inter- esting data sets comprising minimum bias p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb interactions. We describe the changes required to the model to reproduce in detail the new data available from LHC and the consequences in the interpretation of these data. In particular we discuss the effect of the collective hadronization in p-p scattering. A different parametrization of flow has been introduced in the case of a small volume with high density of thermalized matter (core) reached in p-p compared to large volume produced in heavy ion collisions. Both parametrizations depend only on the geometry and the amount of secondary particles en- tering in the core and not on the beam mass or energy. The transition between the two flow regimes can be tested with p-Pb data. EPOS LHC is able to reproduce all minimum bias results for all particles with transverse momentum from pt = 0 to a few GeV/c.
Research Paper 2009-29 Stochastic Volatility and DSGE Models

This paper argues that a speci cation of stochastic volatility commonly used to analyze the Great Moderation in DSGE models may not be appropriate, because the level of a process with this speci cation does not have conditional or unconditional moments. This is unfortunate because agents may as a result expect productivity and hence consumption to be ini nite in all future periods. This observation is followed by three ways to overcome the problem.
Karst in siliceous rocks - karst landforms and caves in the Auyàn-Tepui Massif (Est. Bolivar, Venezuela)

During the expedition "Tepuy 93". six caves were explored in the precambrian quartzites. of Roraima Group, in the Auyan-tepui massif. One of this caves reaches the depth of 370 m and a development of almost 3 km; it's name is "Sima Auyan-tepui Noroeste" and it is currently the deepest cave in the world discovered in siliceous rocks. The geological and morphological study of this cave has underlined again the importance of deep solutional weathering, along the network of fractures, for the fortnation of caves in siliceous rocks. The different formation stages of the big superficial shafts called "simas" were observed in some vertical collapse eaves explored during the expedition, while galleries with phreatic fonns were observed in the deep network of caves. All these deep forms involve karst proce"es of solution at leasl in the initial stage. RIASSUNTO (II carsismo nelle rocce silicee-Forme carsiche e grotte nel Massiccio Auyan-Tepuy (Est. Bolivar, Venezuela) Durante la spedizione "Tepuy 93", organizzata dalla Sociela Speleologica Italiana e dalla Sociedad Venezolana de EspeIeologia, sono state esplorate sci nuove grandi grotte sviluppate nelle quarziti precambriane del Gruppo Roraima ehe fonnano ilmassiccio dell'Auyan-tepui. Una di queste raggiunge la notevole pro fond ita di 370 m con uno sviluppo spaziale di quasi 3 km; questo sistema, denominato "Sima Auyan-tepui Noroeste", e attualmente la piiJ profonda grotta del mondo esplorata in rocce a composizione prevalentemente silicea. Gli studi geologici e morfologici compiuli durante la spedizione hanno sottolineato nuovamente l'importanza dei processi di dissoluzione lungo il reticolo delle fratture principali per la formazione delle grotte all'interno di rocce a composizione silicea. L'esplorazione di diverse cavita ad andamcnto verticale, ehiamate locallllcnte "simas", ha pennesso di rieostruire i diversi stadi di fOllnazione di queste impressionanti voragini a cielo aperto. profonde fino a 300 m ed oltre. Oltre ai grandi pozzi superficiali sono stati esplorati reticoli di gallerie con morfologie riconducibili ad una cireolazione in condizioni freatiche. L'origine di tutte queste morfologie ipogee richiede necessariamente, almeno nelle fasi iniziali delloro sviluppo, l'azione di processi dissolutivi propriamente carsici.
PASSIVE CONTROL ON JET MIXING FLOWS BY USING VORTEX GENERATORS

In an effort to increase mixing in jet flows, a passive control method, using vortex generators in the form of mechanical tabs or small protrusions at the exit of a nozzle had been investigated experimentally in the present paper. The techniques of Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were used to accomplish flow visualization and velocity field measurements of the jet mixing flows simultaneously. The vortical and turbulent structure changes in the near field of a jet mixing flow caused by mechanical tabs were studied based on the PLIF and PIV simultaneous measurement results. The experimental results revealed the great changes of vortical and turbulent structures in the near field of jet flow due to the mechanical tabs intrusion. Compared with a nature jet flow (a circular jet flow without mechanical tabs intrusion), the tabbed jet flow was found to have shorter laminar length, smaller size of the spanwise Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices, earlier appearance of small scale turbulent structures. The existence of the streamwise vortices generated by mechanical tabs was verified clearly from both PLIF flow visualization and simultaneous PIV measurement results. Due to the engulf of the streamwise vortices, an inward indentation of ambient flow into core jet flow and the outward ejection of core jet flow into the ambient flow was found in the cross planes of the tabbed jet. As the streamwise distance increasing, the cross section form of the tabbed jet flow was found to change from “round” to “oval” gradually.
Changes in chemical composition related to fungal infection and induced resistance in carnation and radish investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens WCR 417r induces systemic resistance in radish roots challenged byFusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani and, incidentally, in carnation stems challenged by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. The induced systemic resistance is not associated with accumulation of pathogenesis–related proteins (PRs) or, at least in case of radish, with increased peroxidase activity. We tested whether the induced systemic resistance might be associated with changes in the host cell wall composition. Cell wall degradation, using pyrolysis mass spectrometry, was demonstrated on fungal infection in carnation and probably in radish as well. Lignin was found to be demethoxylated, oxidized and depolymerized. In carnation both syringyl and guaiacyl lignin were broken down. In radish root probably mainly syringyl lignin was degraded. Cellulose and hemicellulose were degraded in carnation and possibly in radish. Bacterization with P. fluorescens WCS 417r prior to fungal infection reduced such cell wall degradation, consistent with its resistance inducing action. In the case of the radish roots it seems very improbable that this reduction is a necessary component of the induced fungal resistance. For carnation it remains to be investigated.
VARIABLE SHAPED DETECTOR: A NEGATIVE SELECTION ALGORITHM A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ZAFER ATASER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

VARIABLE SHAPED DETECTOR: A NEGATIVE SELECTION ALGORITHM Ataser, Zafer Ph.D., Department of Computer Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Ferda Nur Alpaslan February 2013, 73 pages Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) are class of computational intelligent methods developed based on the principles and processes of the biological immune system. AIS methods are categorized mainly into four types according to the inspired principles and processes of immune system. These categories are clonal selection, negative selection, immune network and danger theory. The approach of negative selection algorithm (NSA) is one of the major AIS models. NSA is a supervised learning algorithm based on the imitation of the T cells maturation process in thymus. In this imitation, detectors are used to mimic the cells, and the process of T cells maturation is simulated to generate detectors. Then, NSA classifies the specified data either as normal (self) data or as anomalous (non-self) data. In this classification task, NSA methods can make two kinds of classification errors: a self data is classified as anomalous, and a non-self data is classified as normal data. In this thesis, a novel negative selection method, variable shaped detector (V-shaped detector), is proposed to increase the classification accuracy, or in other words decreasing classification errors. In V-shaped detector, new approaches are introduced to define self and represent detectors. V-shaped detector uses the combination of Local Outlier Factor (LOF) and kth nearest neighbor (k-NN) to determine a different radius for each self sample, thus it becomes possible to model the self space using self samples and their radii. Besides, the cubic b-spline is proposed to generate a variable shaped detector. In detector representation, the application of cubic spline is meaningful, when the edge points are used. Hence, Edge Detection (ED) algorithm is developed to find the edge points of the given self samples. V-shaped detector was tested using different data sets and compared with the well-known one-class classification method, SVM, and the similar popular negative selection method, NSA with variable-sized detector termed V-detector. The experiments show that the proposed method generates reasonable and comparable results.
Through 12 : A Synthesis of the Literature The Effects of Peer Tutoring on Academic Performance of Students With Disabilities in Grades 6

This synthesis examined the effects of peer tutoring on academic performance of students with disabilities in Grades 6 through 12. Twelve studies met all the criteria for this synthesis: (a) original studies, (b) published in peer-reviewed journals between 1997 and 2007, (c) investigated peer tutoring in special education students in Grades 6 through 12, and (d) implemented peer tutoring as an intervention and measured the effect on the academic outcomes of students with disabilities. Findings revealed that peer tutoring has a positive academic effect on students with disabilities in Grades 6 through 12, regardless of disability type. Peer tutoring was reported as effective for special education students in both general education and special education settings. Peer tutoring implemented across subject areas also showed positive academic effects. Each of the 12 studies implemented peer tutoring in at least one content area (e.g., language arts, math, science, and social studies).
Satellite Image Enhancement and Restoration – A Review

Satellite image processing is one of the thrust areas in the field of computer science research. Images taken by satellites possibly degraded due to climate, weather and other factors. Satellite image enhancement and restoration is scientifically possible by applying image processing and other soft computing techniques. This review paper presents various techniques applied in satellite image enhancement and restoration. Our review findings shows that there exists lot of scope for performing satellite image enhancement and restoration using amalgamating soft computing techniques and conventional image processing. The proposed doctoral research work is descriptively portrayed in the paper.
What is the Antiphospholipid Syndrome ?

S117 Address for correspondence: Prof. Anisur Rahman, Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Room 412, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom. E‐mail: anisur.rahman@ucl.ac. uk Abstract Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition, in which antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) cause clinical features including thrombosis, fetal loss, and preterm delivery. Studies in large numbers of patients with APS show that they suffer both early and late fetal loss as well as complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia. The fetal loss in patients with APS is not caused primarily by thrombosis, but by a number of biological effects of aPL that affect implantation of the embryo. These factors are not yet understood fully but include effects on trophoblast cell viability and migration, inflammation at the fetal‐maternal interface, and activation of complement. The established management of pregnancy in patients with known obstetric APS is to give daily low‐dose oral aspirin plus daily subcutaneous heparin. This gives a live birth rate of over 70%. The trials that led to this form of management being adopted were small but overall do support the use of the heparin/aspirin combination over aspirin alone. There is no definite evidence supporting the use of heparin plus aspirin in patients who are aPL‐positive, but who have never suffered any problems in pregnancy. However, patients taking long‐term warfarin for thrombotic APS should have this changed to heparin during pregnancy.
Time-series Classiﬁcation with Shapelets

Time-series classiﬁcation (TSC) problems present a speciﬁc challenge for classiﬁcation algorithms: how to measure similarity between series. A shapelet is a time-series subsequence that allows for TSC based on local, phase-independent similarity in shape. Shapelet-based classiﬁcation uses the similarity between a shapelet and a series as a discriminatory feature. One beneﬁt of the shapelet approach is that shapelets are comprehensible, and can oﬀer insight into the problem domain. The original shapelet-based classiﬁer embeds the shapelet-discovery algorithm in a decision tree, and uses information gain to assess the quality of candidates, ﬁnding a new shapelet at each node of the tree through an enumerative search. Subsequent research has focused mainly on techniques to speed up the search. We examine how best to use the shapelet primitive to construct classiﬁers. We propose a single-scan shapelet algorithm that ﬁnds the best k shapelets, which are used to produce a transformed dataset, where each of the k features represent the distance between a time series and a shapelet. The primary advantages over the embedded approach are that the transformed data can be used in conjunction with any classiﬁer, and that there is no recursive search for shapelets. We demonstrate that the transformed data, in conjunction with more complex classiﬁers, gives greater accuracy than the embedded shapelet tree. We also evaluate three similarity measures that produce equivalent results to information gain in less time. Finally, we show that by conducting post-transform clustering of shapelets, we can enhance the interpretability of the transformed data. We conduct our experiments on 29 datasets: 17 from the UCR repository, and 12 we provide ourselves.
Identification of Tundra Land Cover near Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska Using SPOT Satellite Data

Tundra vegetation in the Teshekpuk Lake area of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain was mapped to assess distribution and abundance of waterfowl habitats. Three SPOT satellite scenes were acquired and registered to a 20 m Universal Transverse Mercator grid. Two clustering techniques were used to develop statistical parameters by which the SPOT data were spectrally classified. A maximum likelihood algorithm that correlated spectral classes with land cover types was applied to the SPOT data. Field data were used to assist in spectral class labeling and vegetation descriptions. Twelve cover classes were mapped. The most common type was moist sedge meadow tundra (13.5%); the least common was moss/peat shoreline (0.2%). The moss/peat shoreline type, important to moulting geese and other waterfowl, was spectrally identified using supervised clustering techniques. All other land cover types were identified using unsupervised clustering techniques. Cover classes were described, and a tundra landscape profile produced. Key words: tundra land cover mapping, SPOT satellite data, Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska
Phosphorus transformations along a large‐scale climosequence in arid and semiarid grasslands of northern China

The Walker and Syers model of phosphorus (P) transformations during long‐term soil development has been verified along many chronosequences but has rarely been examined along climosequences, particularly in arid regions. We hypothesized that decreasing aridity would have similar effects on soil P transformations as time by increasing the rate of pedogenesis. To assess this, we examined P fractions in arid and semiarid grassland soils (0‐10 cm) along a 3700 km aridity gradient in northern China (aridity between 0.43 and 0.97, calculated as 1 − [mean annual precipitation/potential evapotranspiration]). Primary mineral P declined as aridity decreased, although it still accounted for about 30% of the total P in the wettest sites. In contrast, the proportions of organic and occluded P increased as aridity decreased. These changes in soil P composition occurred in parallel with marked shifts in soil nutrient stoichiometry, with organic carbon:organic P and nitrogen:organic P ratios increasing with decreasing aridity. These results indicate increasing abundance of P relative to carbon or nitrogen along the climosequence. Overall, our results indicate a broad shift from abiotic to biotic control on P cycling at an aridity value of approximately 0.7 (corresponding to about 250 mm mean annual rainfall). We conclude that the Walker and Syers model can be extended to climosequences in arid and semiarid ecosystems and that the apparent decoupling of nutrient cycles in arid soils is a consequence of their pedogenic immaturity.