Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerance and intolerance of uncertainty as predictors of decision-making and risk acceptance in gaming strategies of the Iowa Gambling Task

Background. This article reports on the results of an empirical study of interrelationships between indicators of decision-making strategies (indexed by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT) and traits of tolerance and intolerance for uncertainty that capture the unity of cognitive and personality components of situational representations. Objective. Our study tested the hypothesis that overcoming uncertainty in decision making goes beyond cognitive representations of the task but instead is rooted in the construction of the amodal image of an uncertain situation that captures the meaning regulation of perception and action. We hypothesized that when a person is faced with multi-stage decisions, their strategies reflect the contribution of individual differences in attitudes towards uncertainty. Design. Using data obtained from n = 60 typically developing adults (68% men; Mage = 30.58), we examined the contribution of tolerance/intolerance for uncertainty to a variety of IGT dependent variables at five different stages of the game. Results. The data was analyzed using the mixed linear model method as implemented in the lme4 package for R. The results indicated that tolerance for uncertainty significantly contributes to the initial level of behavioral risk, ensuring readiness for decision making under uncertainty. Conclusion. Tolerance for uncertainty plays an important role in early stages of orientation in an uncertain modeled game situation, and contributes to the productive development of probabilistic expectations. Intolerance for uncertainty, on the other hand, was shown to contribute to risk in decision making after trial failure, potentially limiting learning in uncertain conditions through risk aversion.
Digital Competence for the improvement of Special Education Teaching

The increasing digitization and globalization of the media, the broad diversification of media products, with the value-and ethical issues that it raises, proposes and confirms the reasons why media education is to be considered as an indispensable task for anyone involved in education. Thanks to specific educational interventions and appropriate evaluation tools for self-assessment, future educators should be helped to acquire the appropriate media skills necessary to develop the capacity to responsibly and autonomously choose proper media to design their media education courses. The media competence enhances teachers’ ability to creatively modify learning spaces and to design a variety of stimulating activities in order to promote their pupils’ independent and aware work. This paper describes the research for the development of three digital skills, in the Academic Year 2014/2015 with 91 in service teachers attending their special education teaching qualification course at the University of Palermo. Teachers have been involved for 75 hours in experiencing a training methodology for the promotion of media skills necessary to design paths of media education.
Error sources in the retrieval of aerosol information over bright surfaces from satellite measurements in the oxygen A-band

Abstract. Retrieving aerosol optical thickness and aerosol layer height over a bright surface from measured top-of-atmosphere reflectance spectrum in the oxygen A band is known to be challenging, often resulting in large errors. In certain atmospheric conditions and viewing geometries, a loss of sensitivity to aerosol optical thickness has been reported in the literature. This loss of sensitivity has been attributed to a phenomenon known as critical surface albedo regime, which is a range of surface albedos for which the top-of-atmosphere reflectance has minimal sensitivity to aerosol optical thickness. This paper extends the concept of critical surface albedo for aerosol layer height retrievals in the oxygen A band, and discusses its implications. The underlying physics are introduced by analysing the top-of-atmosphere reflectance spectrum as a sum of atmospheric path contribution and surface contribution, obtained using a radiative transfer model. Furthermore, error analysis of an aerosol layer height retrieval algorithm is conducted over dark and bright surfaces to show the dependence on surface reflectance. The analysis shows that the derivative with respect to aerosol layer height of the atmospheric path contribution to the top-of-atmosphere reflectance is opposite in sign to that of the surface contribution – an increase in surface brightness results in a decrease in information content. In the case of aerosol optical thickness, these derivatives are anti-correlated, leading to large retrieval errors in high surface albedo regimes. The consequence of this anti-correlation is demonstrated with measured spectra in the oxygen A band from the GOME-2 instrument on board the Metop-A satellite over the 2010 Russian wildfires incident.
Examples of hereditarily $l^1$ Banach spaces failing the Schur property.

A class of separable Banach sequence spaces is constructed. A member X of this class (i) is a hereditarily I 1 dual space which fails the Schur property, and (ii) is of codimension one in its first Baire class. A consequence of (ii) is that X is not isomorphic to the square of any Banach space Y.
An Emerging Third Way?: The Erosion of the Anglo-American Shareholder Value Construct

There is an active debate among corporate law professors about the extent to which European companies are converging on the Anglo-American shareholder-wealth-maximizing model of the corporation. In this model, the paramount obligation of corporate officers and directors is to maximize the near-term financial return to the company's shareholders. The American literature has paid far less attention to the opposite phenomenon: factors that are causing British and even American companies to converge on a European stakeholder model of the corporation. The European view authorizes - or even requires - management to take account of the interests of stakeholders, including such constituencies as employees, residents of communities in which the company operates, and advocates for more diffuse social and environmental interests. The enclosed Article analyzes recent developments in the United Kingdom and the United States that are promoting that convergence to varying degrees. In this Article, we describe and evaluate recent legal developments, particularly in the United Kingdom, that are not only causing greater attention to be paid to stakeholders' interests, but that cast doubt on the intellectual construct, Anglo-American corporate governance. We argue that on a number of corporate governance measures, Britain has embarked upon a unique course to encourage enlightened share value as the proper approach to corporate governance. This approach explicitly adopts a long-term shareholder orientation, and assumes that the long-term health of the company will depend in large part on its ability to manage social, ethical and environmental risks. Accordingly, the U.K. has recently moved to require the disclosure of such risks an annual basis. In addition, institutional investors in London are acting to bring social and environmental issues, such as climate change and global labor standards, into the ambit of mainstream concern in a way that is quite different from institutional investor behavior in the United States. These developments, construed together, suggest to us that a divergence is occurring between the United States and the United Kingdom, such that our understanding of the Anglo-American corporate governance model needs to be re-evaluated.
THE MIXTURE FRACTION TO PREDICT PRODUCT SPECIES IN FIRE

Predicting and calculating the major species products in compartment fires is of great importance since these species pose great hazard on occupants’ evacuation and fire protection. To better correlate the empirical data, an approach using the mixture fraction, or mass fraction of the fuel atoms, is introduced which can be used to predict the species yield for the unsteady-state fire situation. The derivation is based on a simplified two-zone modeled compartment fire scenario. The relationships between mixture fraction and the equivalence ratio during the smoke filling period and smoke outflow period are derived and illustrated as applications of this method.
Genetic polymorphism in fecundity gene (FecG) among Indiansheep breeds Balangir, Shahabadi and Bonpala

FecG (GDF9) is a member of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF- b) superfamily, have been shown to be essential for follicular growth and ovulation. Different mutations in FecG gene caused increased ovulation and infertility in sheep. The present study was designed for screening polymorphism of FecG gene in 250 selected ewes from different sheep flocks representing Balangir (100), Shahabadi (100) and Bonpala (50) by employing forced PCR-RFLP technique. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of Balangir, Shahabadi and Bonpala matured ewes with average litter size varying from 1.00± 0.00 to 1.14±0.02 at different parities. Digestion of FecG (GDF9) gene with DdeI restriction enzyme resulted into FecGHH homozygous genotype. In all three sheep breeds, genotypic frequencies of FecGHH were 100% and gene frequency of H allele was unity. This indicates that the FecG gene is fixed in the Balangir, Shahabadi and Bonpala population in the natural habitat. Litter size of Balangir and Bonpala sheep breeds were single but in Shahabadi sheep twin was recorded. In present study all the animals of three breeds were homozygous for FecG and there was no infertility observed in above mentioned breeds in field condition and organized farm, which is not in consonance with previous report. The observed effects could be caused by linkage disequilibrium with other nearby loci. The study revealed that FecG gene is not a reliable genetic marker for selection of high prolificacy in sheep.
Game Theory Based Correlated Privacy Preserving Analysis in Big Data

Privacy preservation is one of the greatest concerns in big data. As one of extensive applications in big data, privacy preserving data publication (PPDP) has been an important research field. One of the fundamental challenges in PPDP is the trade-off problem between privacy and utility of the single and independent data set. However, recent research has shown that the advanced privacy mechanism, i.e., differential privacy, is vulnerable when multiple data sets are correlated. In this case, the trade-off problem between privacy and utility is evolved into a game problem, in which payoff of each player is dependent on his and his neighbors’ privacy parameters. In this paper, we first present the definition of correlated differential privacy to evaluate the real privacy level of a single data set influenced by the other data sets. Then, we construct a game model of multiple players, in which each publishes data set sanitized by differential privacy. Next, we analyze the existence and uniqueness of the pure Nash Equilibrium. We refer to a notion, i.e., the price of anarchy, to evaluate efficiency of the pure Nash Equilibrium. Finally, we show the correctness of our game analysis via simulation experiments.
Quality of Canola Oil Obtained by Conventional and Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Quality of canola oil obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using CO2 with ethanol as a co-solvent, was evaluated and compared to that of the conventionally-obtained oils using either n-hexane or chloroform methanol mixture. Physical characteristics, chemical properties, fatty acid composition and phenolic profile of oils were investigated. The SFE oil showed significantly lower melting point, peroxide value (PV) and higher free fatty acids (FFAs) and iodine value (IV) than the n-hexane-extracted one. There were no significant differences in the fatty acid composition of different oils. The SFE oil showed significantly higher phenolic content (35.91, 10.15, 3.16, 0.32 and47.48mg/g of sinapic acid, sinapine, sinapoyl glucose, canolol and total phenolics) as compared to 0.08, 0.70, 0.88, 0.45 and0.71mg/g, respectively in the n-hexane-extracted oil. These results indicate the superiority of SFE and advocate its use for the extraction of highly stable and functional canola oil for further health and nutraceutical uses. The present results have an industrial and technological relevance as SFE could be competitive with the traditional extraction techniques providing an environmental approach and enhancing the obtained oil quality and stability. After recovery of the initial installation costs, SFE could be more economic than conventional extraction. However, further economical studies are needed to validate this last conclusion.
A physical model for the [C II]-FIR deficit in luminous galaxies

Observations of ionised carbon at 158 micron ([CII]) from luminous star-forming galaxies at z~0 show that their ratios of [CII] to far infrared (FIR) luminosity are systematically lower than those of more modestly star-forming galaxies. In this paper, we provide a theory for the origin of this so called "[CII] deficit" in galaxies. Our model treats the interstellar medium as a collection of clouds with radially-stratified chemical and thermal properties, which are dictated by the clouds' volume and surface densities, as well as the interstellar radiation and cosmic ray fields to which they are exposed. [CII] emission arises from the outer, HI dominated layers of clouds, and from regions where the hydrogen is H2 but the carbon is predominantly C+. In contrast, the most shielded regions of clouds are dominated by CO and produce little [CII] emission. This provides a natural mechanism to explain the observed [CII]-star formation relation: galaxies' star formation rates are largely driven by the surface densities of their clouds. As this rises, so does the fraction of gas in the CO-dominated phase that produces little [CII] emission. Our model further suggests that the apparent offset in the [CII]-FIR relation for high-z sources compared to those at present epoch may arise from systematically larger gas masses at early times: a galaxy with a large gas mass can sustain a high star formation rate even with relatively modest surface density, allowing copious [CII] emission to coexist with rapid star formation.
Time-Frequency Masking Performance for Improved Intelligibility with Microphone Arrays

Time-Frequency Masking Performance for Improved Intelligibility with Microphone Arrays Time-Frequency (TF) masking is an audio processing technique useful for isolating an audio source from interfering sources. TF masking has been applied and studied in monaural and binaural applications, but has only recently been applied to distributed microphone arrays. This work focuses on evaluating the TF masking technique’s ability to isolate human speech and improve speech intelligibility in an immersive “cocktail party” environment. In particular, an upper-bound on TF masking performance is established and compared to the traditional delay-sum and general sidelobe canceler (GSC) beamformers. Additionally, the novel technique of combining the GSC with TF masking is investigated and its performance evaluated. This work presents a resource-efficient method for studying the performance of these isolation techniques and evaluates their performance using both virtually simulated data and data recorded in a real-life acoustical environment. Further, methods are presented to analyze speech intelligibility post-processing, and automated objective intelligibility measurements are applied alongside informal subjective assessments to evaluate the performance of these processing techniques. Finally, the causes for subjective/objective intelligibility measurement disagreements are discussed, and it was shown that TF masking did enhance intelligibility beyond delay-sum beamforming and that the utilization of adaptive beamforming can be beneficial.
Expression, Purification and Evaluation of Antigenicity of CagA Antigenic Fragment of Helicobacter pylori

Objectives: This study was aimed to construct a recombinant protein containing H. pylori antigenic CagA region and determine its antigenicity as a vaccine candidate against H. pylori. Meterials and Methods: The antigenic region of CagA gene was detected by bioinformatics techniques. In this study, the H. pylori antigenic CagA region was amplified by PCR and sub-cloned to prokaryotic expression vector pET32a. Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS was transformed with pET32a- CagA and gene expression was induced by IPTG. The expressed protein was purified by affinity chromatography using NiNTA resin. The integrity of the product was confirmed by western-blot analysis using Sera of infected individual. Finally antigenicity was studied by western-blot analysis using human sera infected with H. pylori. Results: Enzyme digestion analysis, PCR and sequencing showed that the target gene (1245 bp) was correctly inserted into the recombinant vector. The expressed protein was purified using affinity chromatography by Ni-NTA resin. The data also indicated that CagA protein from H. pylori detected from patients' sera. Conclusions: Results indicates that antigenic region of recombinant CagA protein were recognized as an antigen , so it might be a candidate for the development of H. pylori vaccine, ELISA kit designs and serological diagnosis of H. pylori infections.
Isolation and Identification of Cultivable Microorganisms Isolated from Sea Squirt ( Ciona savignyi ) Collected from the Jiaozhou Bay, China

Sea squirt is an important source for isolation of new bacteria strains that are able to accumulate bio-active compounds. In this study, we isolated and identified of cultivable bacteria isolated from sea squirt Ciona savignyi, collected from the Tsingtao Port, Jiaozhou Bay, China. We investigated the phenotypic characteristics and neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis of this isolated cultivable strains, which suggested the isolated seventeen strains mainly belong to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria four phyla, of which twelve strains belong to Proteobacteria, accounted for 70.6% of total isolated stains, and respectively belonging to Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. This identification and analysis of this these marine bacteria will enrich sea squirt-associated bacteria resources, from which more bio-active substances would be discovered.
Financial Theory Evolution

This paper discusses the evolution of the financial theory from the early 20th to the early 21st century. The text deals with the financial implications of ethics, the impacts of social responsibility on corporate value, and the contributions of psychology and neuroscience to financial decisions. This paper seeks to contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the financial management and of its connection to economic cycles and financial crisis.
Offshore Wind Power Production in Critical Weather Conditions

Critical weather conditions, i.e. extreme winds will raise a lot of challenges when it comes to the secure operation of the whole European electric system with the future large scale offshore wind power. This is especially true for Denmark where the target is that wind power should provide 50% of the electricity consumption by 2020. In the EU funded project TWENTIES, the demonstration #4 STORM MANAGEMENT aims at demonstrating that adequate coordination mechanisms between offshore wind farms and hydro power capacity available in Norway through an existing HVDC link brings viable solutions to securely control the power balance during offshore storm passages. The demonstration will be done on Horns Rev 2 wind farm. In the same project, the impact of a storm front passage over the system security, for the whole Danish system, and with the expected offshore wind power in 2020 will be investigated. This paper will present the results of up-scaling the impact that a storm front passage will have on the Danish power system in 2020, given that the existing wind turbine storm controller is not replaced. The simulations are done with CorWind and the analysis is focusing on establishing a reference case and quantifying the balancing reserve requirements needed in order to keep the security of the power system.
Education of economics with Maple

The paper introduces experiences with education of economics of bachelor and master study at the Faculty of Business and Management of Brno University of Technology, which can be shared in national and international cooperation of economic universities. Particularly, teaching economical/financial modeling with Maple where students learn mathematics and mathematical modeling as an important interactive support for understanding and presenting solved real economic problems. In this paper are demonstrated example of exercise of microeconomics and two master theses applied in practice with the support of Maple.
Frequency locking in Josephson arrays: Connection with the Kuramoto model

Research was supported in part by the ONR under Contract No. N00014-J- 1257, NATO Collaborative Research Grant No. CRG- 950282, NSF Grants Nos. DMS-9057433 and DMS- 9500948, and DGICYT ~Spain! Grant No. PB94-1167.
Testing for localization: A new approach

Recent empirical studies document that knowledge spillovers attenuate and industry localization decays with distance. It is thus imperative to detect localization accurately especially at short distances. We propose a new approach to testing for localization that corrects the first-order bias at and near the boundary in existing methods while retaining all desirable properties at interior points. Employing the NBER U.S. Patent Citations Data File, we illustrate the performance of our localization measure based on local linear density estimators. Our results suggest that the existing kernel density methods and regression approaches can be substantially biased at short distances.
The Comparison of Religious Orientation, Psychological Well-Being and Forgiveness in Teachers and Clergymen

The present study tries to compare religious orientation, psychological well-being and forgiveness in teachers and clergymen. The statistical population includes all teachers of district 2, Qazvin Education Organization and all clergymen in Qazvin Seminary (Hawzeh Elmeyyeh) in the academic year 2013-2014. Among them, 260 individuals (150 teachers and 150 clergymen) were selected by random sampling and completed the psychological well-being questionnaire, forgiveness questionnaire and religious orientation questionnaire. The results show that there is no significant difference between two groups in the psychological well-being, but there are significant differences in forgiveness and religious orientation so that in the forgiveness variable, the clergymen have higher mean than teachers and in religious orientation variable, teachers have higher mean than clergymen. Also, there are significant differences between forgiveness and psychological well-being, forgiveness and religious orientation, and psychological well-being and religious orientation in the two groups so that the rate of these relationships in teachers is significantly higher than that of clergymen. The job status (teacher or clergy) has the role of mediator. Evaluation and recognition of psychological health and well-being and the relationship of these psychological structures with forgiveness and religious orientation can present worthwhile recommendations in the field of providing psychological health for individuals of the society that requires more consideration in the field of clinical researches.