Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Alkaline Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis and Electrode Manufacturing

Water electrolysis to obtain hydrogen in combination with intermittent renewable energy resources is an emerging sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Among the available electrolyzer technologies, anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has been paid much attention because of its advantageous behavior compared to other more traditional approaches such as solid oxide electrolyzer cells, and alkaline or proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Recently, very promising results have been obtained in the AEMWE technology. This review paper is focused on recent advances in membrane electrode assembly components, paying particular attention to the preparation methods for catalyst coated on gas diffusion layers, which has not been previously reported in the literature for this type of electrolyzers. The most successful methodologies utilized for the preparation of catalysts, including co-precipitation, electrodeposition, sol–gel, hydrothermal, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, ion beam sputtering, and magnetron sputtering deposition techniques, have been detailed. Besides a description of these procedures, in this review, we also present a critical appraisal of the efficiency of the water electrolysis carried out with cells fitted with electrodes prepared with these procedures. Based on this analysis, a critical comparison of cell performance is carried out, and future prospects and expected developments of the AEMWE are discussed.
Synthesis , crystal structure and Mössbauer effect studies of Dy ( Mn 0 . 4 Fe 0 . 6 − x Al x ) 2 intermetallics

It was previously found, that the magnetic hyperfine fields observed at 57Fe nuclei (4.2 K) in the Dy(Mn 1−xFex)2 and Dy(Fe1−xCox)2 intermetallics form a Slater–Pauling curve. Both 3d sub-bands in the Dy(Mn 0.4Fe0.6)2 compound are filled up only partially with 3d electrons. The consequence of Fe/Al substitution, in the Dy(Mn 0.4Fe0.6)2 compound, was studied in the present paper. For this purpose the synthesis and X-ray analysis (300 K) of the series Dy(Mn 0.4Fe0.6−xAl x)2 were performed. The cubic, MgCu 2-type, Fd3m crystal structure was observed across the series. 57Fe Mössbauer effect measurements for the series were realized at 4.2 K. The obtained crystallographic data and the hyperfine interaction parameters are presented. The magnetic hyperfine fields form a separate branch of the Slater–Pauling curve. The data are qualitatively related to the Stoner model. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Illumina whole genome sequencing indicates ploidy level differences within the Valenzuela flavidus (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Caeciliusidae) species complex

Valenzuela flavidus is a species of bark louse which is known to have asexual parthenogenetic populations in Europe but is believed to have sexual and asexual populations in North America as well. Historically, Valenzuela aurantiacus was the species epithet recognized for North American members until reports of asexual reproduction surfaced in certain North American populations. Cytogenetic studies have demonstrated European all‐female populations are triploid. However, males are often reported in North America suggesting diploidy for sexual populations. With the use of Illumina whole genome sequencing, genetic diversity among North American and European populations was explored with phylogenomic methods. Ploidy level was estimated by examining allele frequencies of read‐mapped homologous gene regions. Results indicate divergent populations between Europe and North America. North American populations containing males are estimated to be diploid suggesting a different mechanism of genomic reproduction. These results suggest divergent population structure among European asexual and North American sexual members of V. flavidus providing insight for future studies to understand patterns of asexuality reported within the complex.
Recent Advances and Perspectives in Lithium−Sulfur Pouch Cells

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their large energy capacity. Tremendous effort has been devoted to overcoming the inherent problems of LSBs to facilitate their commercialization, such as polysulfide shuttling and dendritic lithium growth. Pouch cells present additional challenges for LSBs as they require greater electrode active material utilization, a lower electrolyte–sulfur ratio, and more mechanically robust electrode architectures to ensure long-term cycling stability. In this review, the critical challenges facing practical Li–S pouch cells that dictate their energy density and long-term cyclability are summarized. Strategies and perspectives for every major pouch cell component—cathode/anode active materials and electrode construction, separator design, and electrolyte—are discussed with emphasis placed on approaches aimed at improving the reversible electrochemical conversion of sulfur and lithium anode protection for high-energy Li–S pouch cells.
Determination of Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, and Marbofloxacin in Bovine Urine, Serum, and Milk by Microextraction by a Packed Sorbent Coupled to Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract This article reports new, easy, and rapid microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS)–ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection for the simultaneous determination in bovine urine, serum, and milk of three antibiotics belonging to the class of the fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and marbofloxacin, approved for veterinary and human use (ciprofloxacin). The chromatographic separation of the analytes and all aspects influencing the MEPS performance were optimized for the extraction from the considered biological samples. The optimized procedure required simple sample pretreatment, a short (<8 min) isocratic elution, and provided sufficient sensitivity for the determination of the analytes at trace levels in compliance with current legislation. Limits of quantitation were in the range from 0.002 (ciprofloxacin, urine) to 0.048 μg/mL (enrofloxacin, milk). Recoveries from 79% (enrofloxacin, milk) to 88% (ciprofloxacin, urine/serum) were obtained on spiked samples. The within-day (n = 6) and between-day (n = 6 over 3 days) relative standard deviation percentages in bovine urine, serum, and milk samples ranged from 2.2 (ciprofloxacin, urine) to 2.5 (enrofloxacin, serum) and from 3.1 (ciprofloxacin, urine) to 3.7 (enrofloxacin, milk), respectively, and were not concentration dependent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing a fast and simple method for the determination of fluoroquinolones in bovine biological samples.
Functional quality and antioxidant properties of tomato genotypes for breeding better quality varieties

Twenty-two tomato advance lines were investigated for the functional and antioxidant properties as well as their contents. Wide variations were observed for most of the traits, e.g., total soluble solids (3.50-6.03%), pH (3.90-5.08), pericarp thickness (5.40-8.70mm), fruit firmness (0.418 to 0.959 kg), lycopene (2.84-9.83 mg/100g fw), β-Carotene (3.37-8.16 mg/100g fw), indicative of considerable levels of genetic diversity. Highest concentration of ascorbic acid was found in the cultivar VT 1320 (305.59 mg/ kg). Total phenolic content ranged from 0.60 to 1.14 mgGAE/g fw whereas Total flavonoids content ranged from 0.99 to 1.75 mgCE/g fw. Total flavonoids, total antioxidant activity, ABTS and DPPH free radical inhibition, total polyphenols and lycopene are having strong positive correlation among themselves. The results of present study are potentially useful for tomato breeders working on the development of new varieties with better quality.
The earliest chimaeriform fish from the Carboniferous of Central Russia

The ancestry of chimaeriform chondrichthyan fishes can be traced back to the Late Triassic (∼220 Ma). To date, only one chimaeriform suborder, the Echinochimaeroidei, has been recognized from the Palaeozoic. The origin and evolution of the chimaeriforms has been a matter of debate for more than a hundred years. This problem is aggravated by the scarcity of holomorphic fossils; the bulk of the material includes only hard parts of the jaw apparatus and other skeletal elements. Here we describe the oldest record of the Chimaeriformes, represented by tooth plates from the lower Carboniferous deposits (∼338–332 Ma) of Russia, as Protochimaera mirabilis gen. et sp. nov., and establish a new family and suborder based upon their particular morphological and histological features. The newly described tooth plates demonstrate a continuous layer of varitubate dentine over their oral surfaces; beak-shaped mandibular plates have been formed by fusion of a labial component of cutaneous origin to two others formed orally. Three separate vascular systems enabled the growth of these histological components. The beak and wear facets suggest a grasping-cutting feeding action and are the earliest example of this feeding mode in fishes after the placoderm extinction at the end of the Devonian. Phylogenetic analysis of the dental characters places these stem chimaeriforms as a sister group to the Chimaeroidei. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5593C7FE-B5B5-4922-8D32-BF0440D89192
Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) synthesized mesoporous bimetallic oxides (MBOs) enabling enhanced co-uptake of arsenate and fluoride from water

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous removal of arsenic and fluoride anions from water by adsorption remains a challenge for environmental remediation practice. To address this issue, four mesoporous bimetallic oxides (MBOs) were prepared via the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method and studied as adsorbents for the co‐uptake of arsenate (As(V)) and fluoride (F⁻) from synthetic wastewater. Adsorption envelope and equilibrium experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption behaviors and properties. RESULTS: These composites possessed high surface areas (e.g. 200 m² g⁻¹ for meso‐Ti/Al) and well‐defined mesopores, enabling high adsorption capacities for both As(V) and F⁻. The maximum adsorption capacities of mesoporous titanium‐lanthanum oxide (meso‐Ti/La) were as high as 81.42 mg g⁻¹ and 44.37 mg g⁻¹ for As(V) and F⁻, respectively. Surface complexation modeling indicates that As(V) removal mainly involved bidentate surface complexation with surface ≡Me‐OH, while F⁻ was retained by formation of monodentate surface complexes. CONCLUSION: The removal mechanisms were confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These MBOs were found to be effective for simultaneous removal of arsenic and fluoride from water. This study also demonstrated that the incorporation of multi‐components and mesoporosity into one composite is an efficient strategy for design and application of high‐efficiency adsorbents for environmental remediation of aqueous contaminants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Glass microprism matrix for fluorescence excitation in lab-on-a-chip platforms

In this paper, an integrated microprism matrix for light coupling and optical sensing systems is presented. The matrix was fabricated by use of controlled negative pressure glass thermal reflow process by the use of monocrystalline mold. The single glass microprism had height of 250 µm or 350 µm with base width respectively 350 µm or 500 µm. The matrix was formed by 10 × 10 microprisms with distance between the microprisms from 150 µm to 400 µm. It corresponded to total area of the matrixes from 28 mm2 to 74 mm2. The controlled coupling of the beam into a substrate was obtained through determination of optimal geometric dimensions of microprisms and configuration of a measurement setup. Optimal position of the fluorescence induction light source in relation to the matrixes (0.5 cm to 4.5 cm distance, 30° angle of incidence) and microfluidic channel (4 mm) were determined. The fluorimetric tests (with excitation by 470 nm laser diode in all the experiments) carried out using fluorescein solution, microbeads and porcine oocyte indicated the possibility of using a microprism matrix for fluorimetric image-based 500 nm long-pass detection in lab-on-a-chip platforms.
A CRISPR Activation Screen Identifies an Atypical Rho GTPase That Enhances Zika Viral Entry

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that has caused large-scale epidemics. Infection during pregnancy can lead to neurologic developmental abnormalities in children. There is no approved vaccine or therapy for ZIKV. To uncover cellular pathways required for ZIKV that can be therapeutically targeted, we transcriptionally upregulated all known human coding genes with an engineered CRISPR–Cas9 activation complex in human fibroblasts deficient in interferon (IFN) signaling. We identified Ras homolog family member V (RhoV) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1) as proviral factors, and found them to play important roles during early ZIKV infection in A549 cells. We then focused on RhoV, a Rho GTPase with atypical terminal sequences and membrane association, and validated its proviral effects on ZIKV infection and virion production in SNB-19 cells. We found that RhoV promotes infection of some flaviviruses and acts at the step of viral entry. Furthermore, RhoV proviral effects depend on the complete GTPase cycle. By depleting Rho GTPases and related proteins, we identified RhoB and Pak1 as additional proviral factors. Taken together, these results highlight the positive role of RhoV in ZIKV infection and confirm CRISPR activation as a relevant method to identify novel host–pathogen interactions.
Pedagogical practices and challenges in cultivating moral values: A qualitative study of primary school teachers in Pakistan

ABSTRACT Holistic development is fostered when the education system allows learners to equip themselves with moral values, which is crucial in prospering a society. The current situation of moral disintegration among youth raises the importance of consolidation of moral values in education, and teachers play an important role in cultivating moral values among students. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the practices and challenges in imparting moral values by the teachers from primary schools in Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative design was adopted, followed by semi-structured interviews and observations. All the interviews were voice-recorded, transcribed precisely, and analyzed through the thematic analysis technique. The views of teachers were confirmed by observing their classes for two days. The findings reveal that the teachers impart moral values by using different teaching practices, i.e. exemplary role, teamwork, storytelling, (positive and negative) reinforcement, and arranging activities. In contrast, most of the teachers were unaware of moral philosophies and the moral work of teaching. Results also revealed other challenges which highlight the importance of inclusion of moral education in curriculum and teaching practices by providing adequate opportunities for the professional development of teachers and allocate sufficient resources for the moral work of teaching.
A quantum chemical study on the use of complexes between Hg(II) ions and fluorescent ligands for detection of cysteine

A benzothiazolium derivative as a fluorescent ligand was studied by the quantum chemical calculations, including research on the synthesis process, characteristics and applications. The calculated results showed that its complex with Hg(II) ions can be used as a fluorescent sensor for detection of cysteine. These findings have opened up opportunities for the use of previously reported complexes as well as new complexes between Hg(II) and fluorescent ligands for detection of cysteine. Keywords. Fluorescence, chemosensor, mercury, complexation, cysteine.
The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) Dataset, 2013–2019

Abstract. Assessing changes in the density of snow and firn is vital to convert volume changes into mass changes on glaciers and ice sheets. Firn models simulate this process but typically rely upon steady-state assumptions and geographically and temporally limited sets of field measurements for validation. Given rapid changes recently observed in Greenland’s surface mass balance, a contemporary dataset measuring firn compaction in a range of climate zones across the Greenland ice sheet’s accumulation zone is needed. To fill this need, the Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset comprises daily measurements from 50 strainmeters installed in boreholes at eight sites on the Greenland ice sheet between 2013 and 2019. The dataset also includes daily records of two-meter air temperature, snow height, and snow temperature from each station. The majority of the FirnCover stations were installed in close proximity to automated weather stations that measure a wider suite of meteorological measurements, allowing the user access to auxiliary datasets for model validation studies using FirnCover data. The dataset can be found here: https://www.doi. org/10.18739/A25X25D7M (MacFerrin et al., 2021).
Economic Comparison of Satellite, Plane and UAV-Acquired NDVI Images for Site-Specific Nitrogen Application: Observations from Italy

Defining the most profitable remote sensing platforms is a difficult decision-making process, as it requires agronomic and economic considerations. In this paper, the price and profitability of three levels of remote sensing platforms were evaluated to define a decision-making process. Prices of satellite, plane and UAV-acquired vegetation indices were collected in Italy during 2020 and compared to the economic benefits resulting from variable rate nitrogen application, according to a bibliographic meta-analysis performed on grains. The quality comparison of these three technologies was performed considering the error propagation in the NDVI formula. The errors of the single bands were used to assess the optical properties of the sensors. Results showed that medium-resolution satellite data with good optical properties could be profitably used for variable rate nitrogen applications starting from 2.5 hectares, in case of medium resolution with good optical properties. High-resolution satellites with lower optical quality were profitable starting from 13.2 hectares, while very high-resolution satellites with good optical properties could be profitably used starting from 76.8 hectares. Plane-acquired images, which have good optical properties, were profitable starting from 66.4 hectares. Additionally, a reference model for satellite image price is proposed.
Timeline-Anchored Comments in Video-Based Learning: The Impact of Visual Layout and Content Depth

ABSTRACT Many video sites or learning platforms allow real-time chatting or asynchronous commenting on specific time points during video lectures. Comments, as user-generated knowledge, facilitate social interaction but also affect cognitive learning. The visual layout of these comments can affect learners’ attention and learning, but the effect has rarely been studied. This study compares two common layouts (embedded vs. separated) and considers the content depth of comments through a laboratory eye-tracking experiment involving 40 participants. The results suggest that, with both layouts, learners switched attention to the comments every 10 seconds and stayed focused for 1.3 seconds on average before returning attention to the video. With an embedded layout, learners switched attention more frequently to the comments and remembered more surface-level comments. With a separate layout presenting deep-level comments, learners searched for information faster and performed better on open-book quizzes. We outline the design implications of using timeline-anchored comments to promote online learning.
Disenfranchisement and Voting Opportunity Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Objective: In the United States, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) vote at significantly lower rates than people without disabilities and are underrepresented in the democratic process. This paper examines predictors of voting opportunity among people with IDD receiving state-funded disability services in Virginia. Method: We used secondary data from Virginia’s 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 National Core Indicators In-Person Survey to conduct bivariate and regression analyses on possible predictors of voting opportunity identified from the literature. Results: Factors related to level of intellectual disability were significantly associated with having voting opportunity, as were several factors related to exercising other rights, including participating in the community and in self-advocacy training. Importantly, respondents who had participated in self-advocacy events were more likely to have voting opportunity and people with guardians were less likely to vote or to have had the opportunity. Conclusion: People with legal guardians may be the most likely to be excluded from the democratic process. Social workers and advocates seeking to increase voter turnout should strive to include people with more severe disabilities in self-advocacy events and other efforts to increase voting opportunity among people with IDD.
The effect of nitrogen and oxygen coordination: toward a stable anode for reversible lithium storage

Metal–organic frameworks for lithium storage have gained intensive attention, but their cycling stabilities are still limited. A multi-coordinated strategy to improve the cycling stabilities is explored, inspired by the study of the stability and structure of metal ions coordinated with the amide group. A cobalt-based 2,5-pyridinecarboxylic metal–organic chain, named Co-pydc, was synthesized and applied as an anode for lithium-ion batteries after evacuation. The evacuated Co-pydc shows a unique laminar and porous structure, which benefits the Li-ion diffusion, thus exhibiting a faster activation of the electrode and capacitive-controlled electrochemical behavior. When tested at 100, 500, and 1000 mA g−1 for 50, 200, and 400 cycles, respectively, the evacuated Co-pydc delivered high capacities of 1036.4, 798.6, and 589.2 mA h g−1 after the final cycle, respectively, demonstrating outstanding cycling stabilities. The excellent cycling ability mainly arises from the unique chain network induced by the synergistic multi-coordination of pyridinic nitrogen and carboxylic oxygen.
Ionization efficiency of evolved gas molecules from aerosol particles in a thermal desorption aerosol mass spectrometer: Laboratory experiments

Abstract Thermal desorption aerosol mass spectrometers (TDAMSs) with electron ionization are widely used for quantitative analysis of aerosol chemical composition, and the ionization efficiency of evolved gas molecules from aerosol particles is an important parameter for such analysis. We performed laboratory experiments using a custom-made TDAMS to investigate the key factors affecting ionization efficiency. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and ammonium iodide (NH4I) were used as test compounds because their thermal decomposition products are expected to be simple (dominated by ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen halide (HX)). The ion signals originating from NH3 and HX were measured by altering the position of the ionizer relative to the vaporization point. The ratio of ion signal from NH3 to that from HX increased with increasing divergence angle of evolved gas plumes, which suggests that the angular distribution of gas molecules could be an important factor affecting the ionization efficiency. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research