Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Indole Acetic Acid Producing Halophilic Bacteria from Salt Affected Soil of Rice–Shrimp Farming System in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The main aim of this study was to deal with isolation, characterization and identification IAA producing bacteria from paddy rice cultivated soil samples collected in rice–shrimp farming system in salt affected areas of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Fifteen soil samples collected from the rice crop in the rice-shrimp farming system of 5 different provinces within the Mekong Delta, Vietnam were used to isolate the IAA producing bacteria. NBRIP media was used to isolate the potentially IAA producing bacteria. Result showed that 213 isolates were obtained from the fifteen different soil samples. Out of 45 indole acetic acid producing isolates, ten were selected as efficient producers. One out of ten, the isolate ST2-1 was identified as the most promising strain as efficient biofertilizer inoculants to promote plant growth. This strain produced 33.13 mg.L-1 as the highest concentration of IAA after 8 days of incubation. As well, this strain stimulated the growth of rice’s roots and dry biomass after 7 days of experiment with Hoagland medium containing 0.3% NaCl in 100 mL glass tube. This strain produced well IAA production in pH variation range of medium between 5 and 9 and this bacterial strain can resist to salinity of environment up to 3% NaCl. However, this bacterial was highly inhibited by not only 3 commonly used antibiotics: Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Steptomycin at recommended rates but also 3 plant pathology fungicides: Thiophanate Methyl, Propineb and Mancozed regarding to IAA production ability. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this IAA producer coded as ST2-1 was genetically identified as species of Bacillus megaterium ST2-9 since 99% of its sequence affiliated with Bacillus megaterium. In conclusion, the study suggests the IAA producing bacteria as efficient biofertilizer inoculants to promote plant growth.
Principles of Productivity Revealed from Secondary Mathematics Teachers' Discussions Around the Productiveness of Teacher Moves in Response to Teachable Moments

Principles of Productivity Revealed from Secondary Mathematics Teachers' Discussions Around the Productiveness of Teacher Moves in Response to Teachable Moments Kylie Victoria Palsky Department of Mathematics Education, BYU Master of Arts How do teachers talk about the productiveness of teacher’s in-the-moment responses to student mathematical thinking? This is a question current research does not fully answer as most research on teacher moves is focused on what teacher moves researchers have noticed teachers do rather than on what teachers think about these teacher moves. To fill the gap in the research and to answer the question, a group of 13 teachers were given ten classroom situations to compare and contrast for productivity. I analyzed (a) the content of the teachers’ discussions by drawing on Teacher Response Coding (TRC) language, and (b) the extent to which the teachers’ discussions align with theorized productive responses to student mathematical thinking, or building. From the teachers’ group conversations, I articulated principles of productivity— articulations of the main ideas and conclusions of the teachers’ conversations with regards to productivity. Focusing on the principles of productivity, I highlighted what teacher moves the teachers said were productive or not productive with respect to teacher’s in-the-moment responses to student mathematical thinking. In analyzing the list of unique principles of productivity, I noticed three main themes that the principles were focused around: student mathematics, teacher moves, and mathematics, which reflected some of the ideas in research for productive teacher moves. Additionally, I analyzed the principles for alignment with the practice of building, which led to the conclusion that the ideas of orchestrating discussion and making explicit are the most salient of the sub-practices of building to the teachers. These results based on teachers’ discussions around the productivity of teacher moves can help inform teacher education and professional development.
Challenges of Debugging Software Errors for Automatic Program Repair

This paper investigates the problem of software errors concentrating on the newborn research area of automatic program repair. It aims at providing a roadmap toward the research in automatic software debugging in general, and at laying bare the status quo of automatic program repair, in particular. The authors highlight the issues in software development lifecycle that give rise to introduce errors. Then, the authors elucidate which issues can be resolved and which ones not. The authors review the impediments that preclude resolving every error and releasing correct software. The authors give the strategies to eliminate software errors and the concomitant limitations to these strategies. Then, the authors shift the focus on the problem of automatic program repair which is an integral part for full-automatic software debugging. Considering the status quo, the paper elaborates on some of the significant challenges afflicting this avenue of research.
Hybrid Step-Down Converter Based on the Dual Use of Flying Capacitor for low power DC Application

This project introduces a hybrid stepdown dc-dc converter, targeted for battery powered portable applications where low-volume implementation is the key priority. The introduced architecture, combining switchedcapacitor (SC) and inductor based circuits, requires low -volume for implementation by reducing the size of the filer inductor by 4 times and the output capacitor by 2 times. In addition to supporting wide input-output range for step down voltage conversions, the introduced architecture demonstrates up to 15 % power processing efficiency improvement compared to conventional buck converter and faster dynamic response. These advantages are obtained by a dual use of the flying capacitor usually existing in SC converters. The flying capacitor is used for both balancing of the frontend stage and reducing voltage swing/stress of the components.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging activity of Cayratia pedata (lam)leaves – an in vitro study

Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Cayratia pedata leaves were carried out for proving its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The ethanolic extract was screened for in vitro antioxidant activity by oxygen and nitrogen radical scavenging such as DPPH scavenging, nitric oxide, superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelation, reducing power activity and total antioxidant assay at different concentrations. Throughout the studies leaves extract showed marked antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the leaves extract may be due to the phytochemicals present in it. The antioxidant activity was found to be concentration dependent and may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds in the leaves of Cayratia pedata. The results of the present study concluded that the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging.
Optimization of Silybum marianum L . callus production and magnifying callus silymarin accumulation by elicitors or precursors

In the present work plant tissue culture is used as a powerful technology to synthesize pharmacologically relevant secondary compounds from Silybum marianum L. This plant produces silymarin, highly effective hepatoprotective compound. Tissue culture medium composition was modified to explore the possibility to increase biomass production of S. marianum callus and eventually to enhance the accumulation and yield of silymarin. In a systematic approach, levels of asparagine(Asn), 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and myo-inositol were altered and callus growth was assessed together with levels of nitrogen metabolites especially total soluble amino acids, protein and flavolignan silymarin. Supplementation with 2,4-D dominated high callus growth characteristics. 2,4-D could partly be substituted by other growth regulators. The best medium (F) which produced the greatest callus growth consisted of 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D with 50 mg/l Asn, 0.05 mg/l BAP and 50 mg/l inositol. Additional improvement of the medium was achieved through addition of elicitors and precursors to (F media) which also enhanced the silymarin accumulation. Phenylalanine at 25 μM as precursor increased silymarin accumulation by 31% while the elicitation with glutathione at 0.1mM after 8 days and ascorbate at 0.5 mM after 8 days increased silymarin accumulation by 6.4 and 30.6 % respectively. Thus medium F in combination with 25 μM phenylalanine or 0.5 mM ascorbate in short term experiments led to optimal callus mass production with reasonable high content of silymarin.
Evidence for automatic accessing of constructional meaning: Jabberwocky sentences prime associated verbs

A central question within psycholinguistics is where sentences get their meaning. While it has been shown that phrasal constructions are readily associated with specific meanings, it remains unclear whether this meaning is accessed automatically, in the sense of being accessed quickly, and without reflection or explicit instruction. In this study, participants performed a lexical decision task on individual target words which were preceded by abstract skeletal constructions devoid of any meaningful open-class items. For example, an instance of a ditransitive prime was, He daxed her the norp. Three target words corresponded to the hypothesised meaning of each construction; that is, semantically congruent words for the English ditransitive were give, handed, and transferred. We found significant priming effects for congruent over incongruent target words, both for associated targets (which occur regularly within the construction: e.g., give and handed), and to a lesser extent, for target words that are semantically related to the construction but which rarely occur in the construction (e.g., transferred for the ditransitive).
Nano-opto-mechanical actuator driven by gradient optical force

In this letter, a nanoscale opto-mechanical actuator driven by gradient optical force is designed and demonstrated. The nanoscale actuator can achieve a maximum displacement of 67 nm with a response time of 94.5 ns. The optical force is estimated as 1.01 pN/μm/mW in C-band operating wavelengths. The device is fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafer using standard dry etching processes. Compared with traditional microelectromechanical systems actuators driven by electrostatic force, the nanoscale opto-mechanical actuator has the advantages of high resolution of actuation, nanoscale displacement, and fast operating speed. It has potential applications in optical signal processing, chemical, and biological sensing.
Impacts of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control on Freeway Traffic Flow

This study used microscopic simulation to estimate the effect on highway capacity of varying market penetrations of vehicles with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC). Because the simulation used the distribution of time gap settings that drivers from the general public used in a real field experiment, this study was the first on the effects of ACC and CACC on traffic to be based on real data on driver usage of these types of controls. The results showed that the use of ACC was unlikely to change lane capacity significantly. However, CACC was able to increase capacity greatly after its market penetration reached moderate to high percentages. The capacity increase could be accelerated by equipping non-ACC vehicles with vehicle awareness devices so that they could serve as the lead vehicles for CACC vehicles.
How do you feel? Investigating lexical-syntactic patterns in sentiment expression

This study investigates how sentiments are expressed in Brazilian Portuguese. Sentiment verbs like temer, (fear), odiar (hate) and invejar (envy) are examples of lexical units specifically used to express the respective feelings. The same meaning may be conveyed through other verbs associated to sentiment nouns. This study firstly identifies seven recurrent patterns of sentiment expression without sentiment verbs and then employs these patterns to identify sentiment nouns associated to them. Analysis of the patterns shows that six of them focus on the sentiment experiencer and one focuses on the sentiment cause. Combining sentiment nouns with the seven patterns may be useful to automatically identify sentiment expression and additionally know who is feeling and who or what is causing the feeling.
On the interaction of Tropical Cyclone Flossie and emissions from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano

On 29 July 2013, Tropical Storm Flossie passed the Hawaiian Islands. This is the first interaction between an active, vigorously degassing volcano and a tropical cyclone captured by a vog (volcanic smog) dispersion model run over the Hawaiian Islands since operational simulations began in 2010, providing a unique opportunity to analyze the influence of robust volcanic emissions entrained into a tropical cyclone. Results from the vog dispersion model are compared with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations, lightning data from Vaisala's Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360), and the National Weather Service Weather Surveillance Radar, 1988 Dual‐Polarmetric Doppler radar to investigate the effect of volcanic emissions on the storm. Observations and model results suggest that aerosol loading resulted in deep convection and glaciation which in turn enhanced charge separation and promoted active lightning.
Analyzing HTTPS Traffic for a Robust Identification of Operating System, Browser and Application

Desktops and laptops can be maliciously exploited to violate privacy. There are two main types of attack scenarios: active and passive. In this paper, we consider the passive scenario where the adversary does not interact actively with the device, but he is able to eavesdrop on the network traffic of the device from the network side. Most of the Internet traffic is encrypted and thus passive attacks are challenging. In this paper, we show that an external attacker can robustly identify the operating system, browser and application of HTTP encrypted traffic (HTTPS). We provide a large dataset of more than 20,000 examples for this task. We present a comprehensive evaluation of traffic features including new ones and machine learning algorithms. We run a comprehensive set of experiments, which shows that our classification accuracy is 96.06%. Due to the adaptive nature of the problem, we also investigate the robustness and resilience to changes of features due to different network conditions (e.g., VPN) at test time and the effect of small training set on the accuracy. We show that our proposed solution is robust to these changes.
Assessment of Counselors’ Supervision Processes

The aim of this study is to investigate elementary and high school counselors’ supervision processes and efficiency of their supervision. The interview method was used as it was thought to be better for realizing the aim of the study. The study group was composed of ten counselors who were chosen through purposeful sampling method. Data were collected via an interview form prepared for this study and analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. Findings were grouped under nine themes: informed supervision, meeting, construction of supervision process, the focus of supervision process, communication, interaction, assessment, period, and effectiveness. According to the results of the research: education supervisors and ministerial supervisors’ activities related to the supervision are not compatible with the aims of supervision and they act in a similar manner. So supervision of counselors working at primary and high school is not effective.
Pump–probe spectra of linear molecular aggregates: Effect of exciton–exciton interaction and higher molecular levels

The paper considers the differential pump–probe spectra due to excitons in linear molecular aggregates taking into account simultaneously effects of both exciton–exciton interaction and higher molecular levels. The theoretical analysis, carried out in terms of the Green function technique, provides analytical expressions for the line shape of the pump–probe spectrum valid for an arbitrary number N of molecules forming the aggregate. Furthermore, the theory can accommodate any number of molecular states with higher energies. This includes, inter alia, the most common situation in which the higher lying states form a dense set of sublevels of electronic, vibrational, etc. origin. It has been demonstrated that incorporation of such higher molecular levels introduces widths to biexciton peaks formed below the two-exciton continuum. In addition, the indirect interaction between the excitons via the higher molecular levels can facilitate formation of a biexciton at lower than usual values of the direct exciton–.
PIXOR: Real-time 3D Object Detection from Point Clouds

We address the problem of real-time 3D object detection from point clouds in the context of autonomous driving. Speed is critical as detection is a necessary component for safety. Existing approaches are, however, expensive in computation due to high dimensionality of point clouds. We utilize the 3D data more efficiently by representing the scene from the Bird's Eye View (BEV), and propose PIXOR, a proposal-free, single-stage detector that outputs oriented 3D object estimates decoded from pixel-wise neural network predictions. The input representation, network architecture, and model optimization are specially designed to balance high accuracy and real-time efficiency. We validate PIXOR on two datasets: the KITTI BEV object detection benchmark, and a large-scale 3D vehicle detection benchmark. In both datasets we show that the proposed detector surpasses other state-of-the-art methods notably in terms of Average Precision (AP), while still runs at 10 FPS.
Geographic variation in vocalizations of pups and mother-pup behavior of harp seals Pagophilus groenlandicus

All harp seal populations form breeding aggregations on the Arctic pack ice. However, pack ice conditions vary spatially and temporally among these aggregations with variation in envi- ronmental and oceanographic conditions, which may affect the behavioral interactions between mothers and their newborn pups. We investigated the variation in mother-pup behavior between harp seal breeding aggregations in the NE (Greenland Sea) and NW Atlantic coastal shelf region (Front). Acoustic cues provided by the pups are thought to be important in facilitating reunions with their mothers. Consequently, we measured variation in vocal parameters among seals to investigate geographic differences in pup vocalizations. Classification trees showed a distinctive split between Front and Greenland Sea pup vocalizations. There were no clear differences between male and female pups at the Front, where 42% of male and 38% of female pup calls could be attributed to a given individual. This contrasts with the Greenland Sea, where 55% of vocalizations of female pups were attributed to individuals compared with only 8% for males. Analyses of behavioral observations of mother-pup pairs made in the afternoon and evening showed that pups in the Greenland Sea suck- led more and were more alert than pups in the Front. Further, mother-pup attendance patterns dif- fered between sites. Mothers at the Front attended their pups 85.1% of the time, whereas mothers in the Greenland Sea attended their pups 52.2% of the time. These substantial differences between sites might be related to evolutionary changes in behavior resulting from commercial hunting or vari- able environmental conditions.
Linking local knowledge, conservation practices and ecosystem diversity: comparing two communities in the Tunari National Park (Bolivia)

Combined approaches to conserve both biological and cultural diversity are seen as an alternative to classical nature conservation instruments. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of urbanization coupled with exclusive conservation measures, on land use, local knowledge and biodiversity in two Quechua speaking communities of Bolivia located within the Tunari National Park. We assessed and compared the links between land use, its transformation through conservation practices, local institutions and the worldviews of both communities and the implications they have for biodiversity at the level of ecosystems. Our results show that in both communities, people’s worldviews and environmental knowledge are linked with an integral and diversified use of their territory. However, the community most affected by urbanization and protected area regulations has intensified agriculture in a small area and has abandoned the use of large areas. This was accompanied by a loss of local environmental knowledge and a decrease in the diversity of ecosystems. The second community, where the park was not enforced, continues to manage their territory as a material expression of local environmental knowledge, while adopting community-based conservation measures with external support. Our findings highlight a case in which urbanization coupled with exclusive conservation approaches affects the components of both cultural and biological diversity. Actions that aim to enhance biocultural diversity in this context should therefore address the impact of factors identified as responsible for change in integrated social-ecological systems.
Information Sources Consulted by Women in African Countries to Manage Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Despite an abundance of information regarding menopausal women in western society, African menopausal women have been overlooked in menopausal research, particularly, where they find information regarding menopause. Since inadequate health-related knowledge on menopause negatively affects the understanding of and coping with menopause and related symptoms, it is important to determine where women in Africa obtain their information about menopause. Aim: To conduct a systematic review to identify and analyse information sources consulted by menopausal women in the African region regarding the management of menopausal symptoms. Method: PubMed, Embase (OVID), Google Scholar, Medline (OVID), Medline in Process (OVID), Scopus, https://www.africabib. org/, African Index Medicus; http://indexmedicus.afro. who. int/,and African Journals Online (AJOL) were searched for publications from January 2000 to April 2017. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Twelve were quantitative while two were qualitative. Studies were independently appraised by two researchers using checklists from the Centre for Evidence-Based Management. Results: Meta-analysis explored the prevalence of different information sources reported with friends being the highest (44%, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.54]) followed by relatives (35%, 95% CI: [0.22, 0.50]) with medical providers being sources of information for only 30% of participants (95% CI: [0.15, 0.50]). Conclusion: Information regarding menopause among African women emanated primarily from friends and relatives, suggesting that women perceive menopause as a natural process whereby information is the best gleaned from informal sources. However, health care should aim to increase public awareness of menopause education and strengthen efforts to provide accurate, timely and helpful information for women and their friends and families.