Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of different types of regular exercise on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta‐analyses

This systematic review examined the effect of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and compared the effectiveness of different types of exercise training. Four electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials of exercise training interventions and their effect on maximal oxygen consumption or muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Changes in outcome parameters were analyzed using random effects meta‐analyses for different training types (aerobic, resistance, combined aerobic plus resistance, and high‐intensity interval training). Eighty‐eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of which 66 (3964 participants) could be included in the meta‐analyses. All training types increased VO2max (mean difference 3.82 ml/min/kg (95% CI 3.17, 4.48), P < 0.00001; I2 = 48%). In direct comparisons, resistance training was less effective in improving VO2max than aerobic training, HIIT was slightly more effective than aerobic training, and no difference between aerobic and combined aerobic plus resistance training was found. For muscle strength benefits, incorporation of resistance exercise in the training program is indicated. Exercise training increases VO2max and muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Differences between training types should be weighed with other needs and preferences when health professionals advise on exercise training to improve physical fitness.
Systems-Based Practice: Time to Finally Adopt the Orphan Competency.

S ystems-based practice (SBP) is 1 of 6 core competencies from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Residents demonstrating competency in SBP ‘‘understand complex systems and the physician’s role in them, navigate them for the benefit of patients, and participate in continually improving them. ’’ The definition, performance, training, and evaluation of SBP is considered by many to be the most challenging among the 6 competencies. Despite the ACGME’s introduction of SBP as a core competency more than 20 years ago, with the requirement for SBP teaching and assessment, the published literature suggests that program directors continue to struggle with implementing curricula and assessing residents’ competency in this domain. Teaching of the various subcompetencies of SBP is inconsistent and variable across training programs. Many programs rely on passive learning approaches and indirect observation without objective criteria for demonstration of residents’ knowledge and skill. As a result, many residents graduate with a persistent knowledge and skill gap in SBP. This outcome defines both a gap and an opportunity within and across institutions to develop and share feasible and generalizable SBP curricula and assessment methodology. An explicit focus on SBP subcompetencies during training is foundational to professional accountability; understanding both individual and team responsibility helps ensure high-functioning, cost-effective, quality-driven work environments that optimize patient care delivery. Review of the current literature identifies barriers to adoption of the SBP competency in graduate medical education, SBP teaching and assessment methods and tools available for use or adaptation, as well as processes to guide programs in the development of SBP curricula and assessment methods.
Effect of hay with or without concentrate or pellets on growth performance and meat quality of Ujimqin lambs on the Inner Mongolian Plateau.

This study aimed to evaluate growth performance and meat quality of Ujimqin lambs fed native grass hay without or with concentrate (HC) or pellets. Ninety non-castrated 6-month-old male lambs of good health and similar body weight (26.83 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly divided into three groups (five lambs per cage). The average daily gain and intake of the pellets and HC groups were significantly greater (p < .05) than those in the hay group. The carcass weight, net meat mass, loin eye area, and backfat thickness were significantly greater (p < .05) in the HC groups. The intramuscular fat was significantly greater (p < .05) in the pellets and HC groups, while the shear force was significantly decreased (p < .05) in pellets and HC groups. The C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, and C18:2n6 contents were significantly greater (p < .05) in the HC and pellet groups, while the C18:3n3 content was significantly greater (p < .05) in the hay group. Collectively, the present study suggested that feeding native grass hay with concentrate or pellets improved the growth in lambs.
Small‐World Networks and Their Relationship With Hippocampal Glutamine/Glutamate Concentration in Healthy Adults With Varying Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (ApoE4) is the most common gene polymorphism related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impaired synaptic dysfunction occurs in ApoE4 carriers before any clinical symptoms. It remains unknown whether ApoE4 status affects the hippocampal neuromodulation, which further influences brain network topology.
MicroRNA-29b/29c targeting CTRP6 influences porcine adipogenesis via the AKT/PKA/MAPK Signalling pathway

ABSTRACT Porcine fat deposition is an important economic trait of pig breeds, and understanding the gene regulatory network in adipocytes is essential for modern pig breeding. In a previous study, we demonstrated that miR-29a negatively regulates the differentiation of porcine adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the roles of miR-29b/c in porcine adipocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Using EdU staining and the CCK-8 assay, we observed that transfection with the miR-29b/c agomir promoted the proliferation of porcine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes by altering the expression of cell-cycle-related genes. According to the results of oil red O staining and western blot analysis, transfection with the miR-29b/c agomir suppressed the differentiation of porcine SC and IM adipocytes via the AKT/PKA/MAPK signalling pathway. Furthermore, we proved that miR-29b/c regulates porcine adipocytes by directly targeting the 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹUTR) of CTRP6 using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, co-transfection with miR-29b/c and CTRP6 partially restored the changes of phenotype and gene expression induced by miR-29b/c overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that both miR-29b and miR-29 c negatively regulate porcine adipogenesis by targeting CTRP6, which furthers our understanding of the gene network that regulates fat deposition in pigs.
Species' traits drive amphibian tolerance to anthropogenic habitat modification

Anthropogenic habitat modification is accelerating, threatening the world's biodiversity. Understanding species' responses to anthropogenic modification is vital for halting species' declines. However, this information is lacking for globally threatened amphibians, informed primarily by small community‐level studies. We integrated >126,000 verified citizen science observations of frogs, with a global continuous measure of anthropogenic habitat modification for a continental scale analysis of the effects of habitat modification on frogs. We derived a modification tolerance index—accounting for anthropogenic stressors such as human habitation, agriculture, transport and energy production—for 87 species (36% of all Australian frog species). We used this index to quantify and rank each species' tolerance of anthropogenic habitat modification, then compiled traits of all the frog species and assessed how well these equipped species to tolerate modified habitats. Most of Australia's frog species examined were adversely affected by habitat modification. Habitat specialists and species with large geographic range sizes were the least tolerant of habitat modification. Call dominant frequency, body size, clutch type and calling position (i.e. from vegetation) were also related to tolerance of habitat modification. There is an urgent need for improved consideration of anthropogenic impacts and improved conservation measures to ensure the long‐term persistence of frog populations, particularly focused on specialists and species identified as intolerant of modified habitats.
No effect of resveratrol in patients with mitochondrial myopathy: A cross‐over randomized controlled trial

Mitochondrial myopathies (MM) are caused by mutations that typically affect genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Main symptoms are exercise intolerance and fatigue. Currently, there is no specific treatment for MM. Resveratrol (RSV) is a nutritional supplement that in preclinical studies has been shown to stimulate mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that RSV could improve exercise capacity in patients with MM. The study design was randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over and placebo‐controlled. Eleven patients with genetically verified MM were randomized to receive either 1000 mg/day RSV or placebo (P) for 8 weeks followed by a 4‐week washout and then the opposite treatment. Primary outcomes were changes in heart rate (HR) during submaximal cycling exercise and peak oxygen utilization (VO2max) during maximal exercise. Secondary outcomes included reduction in perceived exertion, changes in lactate concentrations, self‐rated function (SF‐36) and fatigue scores (FSS), activities of electron transport chain complexes I and IV in mononuclear cells and mitochondrial biomarkers in muscle tissue among others. There were no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between treatments. Mean HR changes were −0.3 ± 4.3 (RSV) vs 1.8 ± 5.0 bpm (P), P = . 241. Mean VO2max changes were 0.7 ± 1.4 (RSV) vs −0.2 ± 2.3 mL/min/kg (P), P = . 203. The study provides evidence that 1000 mg RSV daily is ineffective in improving exercise capacity in adults with MM. These findings indicate that previous in vitro studies suggesting a therapeutic potential for RSV in MM, do not translate into clinically meaningful effects in vivo.
Betacoronaviruses genome analysis reveals evolution toward specific codons usage: Implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 mitigation strategies

Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly widespread worldwide becoming one of the major global public health issues of the last centuries. Currently, COVID‐19 vaccine rollouts are finally upon us carrying the hope of herd immunity once a sufficient proportion of the population has been vaccinated or infected, as a new horizon. However, the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants brought concerns since, as the virus is exposed to environmental selection pressures, it can mutate and evolve, generating variants that may possess enhanced virulence. Codon usage analysis is a strategy to elucidate the evolutionary pressure of the viral genome suffered by different hosts, as possible cause of the emergence of new variants. Therefore, to get a better picture of the SARS‐CoV‐2 codon bias, we first identified the relative codon usage rate of all Betacoronaviruses lineages. Subsequently, we correlated putative cognate transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAs) to reveal how those viruses adapt to hosts in relation to their preferred codon usage. Our analysis revealed seven preferred codons located in three different open reading frame which appear preferentially used by SARS‐CoV‐2. In addition, the tRNA adaptation analysis indicates a wide strategy of competition between the virus and mammalian as principal hosts highlighting the importance to reinforce the genomic monitoring to prompt identify any potential adaptation of the virus into new potential hosts which appear to be crucial to prevent and mitigate the pandemic.
Perioperative risk assessment – focus on functional capacity

Purpose of review This review examines how functional capacity informs preoperative risk stratification, as well as strengths and limitations of options for estimating functional capacity. Recent findings Functional capacity (or cardiopulmonary fitness) overlaps with other important characteristics, including muscular strength, balance, and frailty. Poor functional capacity is associated with postoperative morbidity, especially noncardiovascular complications. Both patient interviews and exercise tests are used to assess functional capacity. The usual approach of an unstructured patient interview does not predict outcomes. Structured interviews that incorporate validated questionnaires (Duke Activity Status Index) or standardized questions about physical activity (ability to climb stairs) do predict moderate-or-severe complications and cardiovascular complications. Among exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has shown the most consistent association with risks of complications. Other tests (6-min walk test, incremental shuttle walk test, stair climbing) might predict complications, but still require further high-quality evaluation. Summary A straightforward way to better assess functional capacity is a structured interview with validated questionnaires or standardized questions about physical activities. Functional capacity can also be assessed by exercise tests, with the strongest evidence supporting CPET. Although some simpler exercise tests have shown promise, more research remains needed to better define their role in preoperative evaluation.
Gas chromatography with element selective detection in speciation analysis. Status and future prospects

L'interet croissant de la speciation en chimie environnementale et clinique a entraine un developpement rapide des techniques analytiques plus sophistiquees, capable de discriminer parmi les differentes formes d'un metal ou d'un metalloide au sein d'un echantillon. Ces techniques couplees (tandems couplees, hybride) reposent sur une combinaison d'une separation chromatographique et d'une technique de determination elementaire (souvent spectrometrique) specifique. Cet article discute de l'etat de l'art de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec l'analyse de speciation de trace metallique par detection spectrometrique (optique et masse)
Public perception of risk and coping response to COVID-19 in China: The moderating role of negative emotion

This study investigated the moderating role of negative emotion on risk perception and risk response during the COVID-19 pandemic. We administered a survey to 1 452 participants from six provinces in China (female = 72. 4%; mean age = 33. 5 years; SD = 13. 72 years; age range = 17 to 69 years). The participants completed the COVID-19-related Risk Perception Scale (CRPS), the Negative Affect Scale (NAS), and the Coping Response to COVID-19 Scale (CRCS). COVID-19-related risk perception (CRP) and negative emotions primarily predicted two categories of coping behaviour (positive-response behaviour and risk-taking behaviour). High COVID-19-related risk perception scores reinforced positive-response behaviour and weakened risk-taking behaviour. High negative emotion scores accentuated risk perception and risk-taking behaviour, whereas lower negative emotion scores decreased risk-taking behaviour. Negative emotion significantly moderated both positive-response behaviour and risk-taking behaviour in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy makers must consider the role of negative emotion in shaping public coping responses in disaster situations.
Performance analysis and comparison of cryogenic CO2 capture system

ABSTRACT Excessive energy requirement for the cryogenic condition is still the challenge for the current cryogenic CO2 capture system. In this work, the capture performance is investigated for the aim of energy savings on different cryogenic CO2 capture system, based on the combination of pressure recovery and cold energy utilization on the process residual gas. Based on this, two novel energy saving CO2 capture processes are proposed, which are defined as the post-expansion and the pre-cooled processes, respectively. The study presents a detailed comparison of the proposed process with conventional one regarding CO2 recovery and energy consumption. Also, the energy saving potential of two proposed processes is analyzed by varying the operating parameters, including process temperature, compression pressure, and inlet gas CO2 concentration. The simulation results show that the specific energy consumption can be decreased by 3.9% and 7.4% in the proposed post-expansion and pre-cooled process due to the effect of less cooling energy and compression work consumption, respectively.
Job insecurity and psychological well-being: The moderating roles of self-perceived employability and core self-evaluations

This study examined the relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being of bank sector employees and the role of core self-evaluations and self-perceived employability in that relationship. Employing a two-wave panel design, we surveyed 259 casual employees of commercial banks in Southeast, Nigeria (female = 72%; mean age =35.83 years, SD = 4.70 years, range = 27 to 47 years). Regression analysis revealed higher job insecurity to predict lower psychological well-being with lower self-perceived employability. Core self-evaluations did not influence the relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being among the casual bank employees. Self-employability may have a less well recognised personal asset of employees with job tenure uncertainty.
A broader palate? The new and exotic food experiences of the Australian imperial force 1914–1918

Abstract This article explores the new food experiences of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) during the First World War, drawing evidence from scholarly works, archives and soldier accounts. Having come from a predominantly British food culture in Australia, the AIF encountered new tastes and eating habits in the Middle East and Europe, which they experienced in dual roles as soldiers and tourists. Some soldiers responded warmly while others reacted defensively to these new foodways such as self-catering, exotic ingredients and dishes, regular dining out and new food customs. The lack of long-term impact of these novel experiences on Australian foodways is also noted.
A Sentiment Analysis Framework for Virtual Learning Environment

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development and application of a mobile framework to assist teachers in distance learning courses. The tool has a MultiAgent System (MAS) in charge of collecting and analyzing the feelings of texts posted by students in the activities forums, chats, journal and messages sent to the tutor. By means of framework it is possible to identify which students are showing negative feelings, which is the feeling that predominates in a class, to verify the history of the feelings of a certain student. As a way to evaluate the project, teachers with experience in tutoring used the framework with real course data and then to verify the efficiency of the tool, answered a questionnaire and classified postings of an VLE, as a result we obtained the accuracy of 73,88%.
Intersecting Identities and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Youth

ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that intersecting marginalized identities may be important in explaining suicide-related mental health disparities. However, inconsistent findings have emerged regarding nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Guided by an intersectionality framework, we examined relations between identity and NSSI using a representative sample of 8th through 12th graders from Utah (N = 49,425). The independent influence of sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and religious preference on NSSI were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Intersectionality analyses, using two-way interaction terms, were then conducted to examine the impact of intersecting identities on NSSI. Results indicated that gay/lesbian, bisexual, and transgender and “other” gender youth, and non-Latter-day Saint (LDS) participants were at particularly high risk of NSSI. In intersectionality analyses, sexual minorities were more likely than heterosexual participants to endorse NSSI among cisgender, but not gender minority youth; bisexual participants of color were less likely to engage in NSSI than European American bisexual youth, but no effect for race/ethnicity was found for gay/lesbian youth; and among heterosexual participants, non-LDS youth were more likely than LDS youth to engage in NSSI, but no effect for religion was found among gay/lesbian or bisexual participants. Implications of these results and the differences in results by method are discussed.
Psychometric validation of the centrality of events scale in a Nigerian clinical sample

We sought to validate the Centrality of Event Scale (CES) in a Nigerian clinical sample of people living with HIV/ ADS. Our sample consisted of 869 people living with HIV/AIDS. They completed the CES, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5), and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-short form for concurrent validation. Following exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), results confirmed a three-factor structure for the CES, including: reference point, personal identity, and turning point. Positive event centralisation was positively associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG), while negative event centralisation was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. This suggests that in a clinical sample, survivors of traumatic events who positively centralise their traumatic experiences may experience post-traumatic growth while those who negatively centralise their traumatic experiences may experience PTSD symptoms.
Safe, accepted and charmed by the city. Why do migrants feel better in Berlin than in Amsterdam?

ABSTRACT The study captures how contextual factors have affected the experiences of skilled Polish migrants in two locations, Amsterdam and Berlin. Drawing from interviews with 60 Poles I demonstrate how perceived attitudes of natives towards migrants, cultural closeness or distance with a majority group and specific characteristics of the destination city can be key facilitators or obstacles in shaping migrants’ sense of belonging. I am pointing to a greater importance of socio-cultural than economic factors in the process of developing a sense of belonging. Nevertheless, these factors remain under the limited influence of migrants. The article demonstrates how migrants’ subjective belonging relates to their experience of integration and thus general level of comfort in a city.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Effects of Parent-reported Parenting and Adolescent-reported Parenting on Identity among German and Zambian Adolescents

ABSTRACT While a substantial number of studies have shown that perceived parenting plays an important role in identity formation, research employing a multi-informant and cross-cultural approach is still lacking. Attempting to fill this gap, we hypothesized that adolescent-reported parenting mediates the link between parent-reported parenting and identity dimensions (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) in German and Zambian samples. In total, 731 adolescents (n Zambia = 244; M Age = 14.68; 47% female) and their parents (M Age = 45.55; 82% female) completed questionnaires on parenting (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire) and identity (Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale; adolescents only). Regarding positive parenting, in both the German and the Zambian sample, an indirect effect of parent-reported parenting via adolescent-reported parenting on commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment was found. For negative parenting, there were indirect effects on in-depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment, but no indirect effect was found for commitment. Taken together, our results suggest that adolescents’ subjective experience of parenting represents the significant element that impacts adolescents’ identity formation.