Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caspase cleaved presenilin‐1 is part of active γ‐secretase complexes

γ‐Secretase is a key enzyme involved in the processing of the β‐amyloid precursor protein into amyloid β‐peptides (Aβ). Aβ accumulates and forms plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. A progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline occurs during the course of the disease, and Aβ is believed to be central for the molecular pathogenesis of AD. Apoptosis has been implicated as one of the mechanisms behind the neuronal cell loss seen in AD. We have studied preservation and activity of the γ‐secretase complex during apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y) exposed to staurosporine (STS). We report that the known components (presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph‐1 and Pen‐2) interact and form active γ‐secretase complexes in apoptotic cells. In addition, the fragments corresponding to the PS1 N‐terminal fragment and the caspase‐cleaved PS1 C‐terminal fragment (PS1‐caspCTF) were found to form active γ‐secretase complexes when co‐expressed in presenilin (PS) knockout cells. Interestingly, PS1‐caspCTF replaced the normal PS1 C‐terminal fragment and was co‐immunoprecipitated with the γ‐secretase complex in SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to STS. In addition, Aβ was detected in medium from apoptotic HEK APPswe cells. Together, the data show that γ‐secretase complexes containing PS1‐caspCTF are active, and suggest that this proteolytic activity is also important in dying cells and may affect the progression of AD.
Développement d'une méthode d'isolation des noyaux adaptée aux macrophages pour une caractérisation protéomique d'une nouvelle structure autophagique induite par le virus HSV-1

Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that has been conserved during evolution from yeast to humans. More specifically, it consists of the degradation of cytoplasmic components within a lytic structure, the lysosome. There are at least three distinct types of autophagy; microautophagy, chaperone-mediated-autophagy, and macroautophagy wich often referred to simply as “autophagy” in the literature. It has been shown that during this type of autophagy, cytoplasmic material (cytosolic proteins and organites) are sequestrated in autophagosomes which fuse with lysosomes, forming autophagolysosomes where the sequestered material and the internal membrane of the autophagosomes are degraded by lysosomal hydrolases. Many studies have focused on understanding the molecular machinery and mechanism of autophagy. It has been shown that 31 autophagy proteins (Atg) are implicated and essential in the autophagic process. More importantly, the identification of these proteins has permitted the discovery of the role of autophagy not only in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis but also in host defense against pathogenic agents. Autophagy plays an important role in innate immunity by clearing and destroying intracellular pathogens like bacteria and viruses. Autophagy is also implicated in adaptive immunity, by promoting the presentation of viral antigens on CMH class II molecules to CD4 T cells. A recent study has shown that autophagy also contributes to antigen presentation on CMH class I molecules to CD8 T cells during infection with Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Certain viruses including herpes viruses have developed mechanisms to inhibit autophagy. Interestingly, a recent study in our lab revealed the presence of a new autophagic structure that occured during the late phase of viral infection of BMA macrophages with HSV-1. These structures are different from the classic double membrane autophagosomes, and are morphologically characterized by four membranes emerging from the inner and outer nuclear envelope. Very little was known about this novel nuclear-membrane autophagy pathway, which might function as a cellular defense mechanism when classic autophagy in the cytosol is inhibited by the virus. It is therefore of great interest to characterize the proteins involved in the formation of these autophagosomes from the nucleus by mass spectrometry. In order to do
Detecção de dna de herpesvírus bovino em encéfalos de bovinos submetidos ao diagnóstico de raiva

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are alphaherpesviruses associated with a number of clinical manifestations in cattle, including encephalitis. On the other hand, rabies virus is the agent most frequently identified as cause of viral encephalitis in cattle in Brazil. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of BoHV-1 and / or BoHV-5 in bovine brain tissue samples submitted to rabies diagnosis. The search was carried out by virus isolation and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in brain tissues of cattle submitted to rabies diagnosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in the period 2009-2010. One hundred and one brain samples from cattle with signs of neurological disease, of which 39 were positive and 62 negative for rabies, were used in this study. At virus isolation, all samples were negative for the presence of infectious herpesviruses after three successive passages in MDBK cells. Of the 101 total samples analyzed, this test revealed that 25.7% (26/101) of cattle were infected with BoHV-1 and 21.8% (22/101) were infected with BoHV-5. Genomes of both types were detected in 29.7% (30/101) samples. With the 39 samples positive for rabies virus, BoHV-1 genome was detected in 23% (9/39) and 15.4% (6/39) were positive for BoHV-5 as well as in 41% (16/39) of these samples, which were positive for both BoHVs. On the other hand, the negative samples for rabies virus, 27.4% (17/62) also were positive for BoHV-1, as well and 25.8% (16/62) were positive for BoHV-5. Genomes of both BoHVs were detected in 22.6% (14/62) of the specimens. These differences were not statistically significant indicating no correlation between the occurrence of rabies and herpesvirus infections in the animals. These results do not imply that the herpesviruses detected, even showing a high incidence, were the causative agents of meningoencephalitis in the samples tested, once it was not possible to isolate virus in its infectious form, however it suggests a latent infection in the animals involved with neurological signs of meningoencephalitis whose primary suspicion was rabies.
Constructing the bourdieusian field of engineering education: Engineering education transformation as a field phenomena

We propose to express engineering education as a Bourdieusian field. For engineering education to be considered a field distinct from higher education, specific capital and specific logic for pursuing and gaining that capital needs identifying. Bourdieu suggests that information on capital and specific logic of a field can be obtained through observing the trajectory of that field. In this research, the trajectory was the recent historical transformation of engineering education. Drawing from documentation of engineering education changes over the period 1980-present, we give evidence that engineering education is a field with specific capital, informed by and responding to industry, with implicit rules. We argue that viewing engineering education as field allows for exposure of the positions of engineering education participants related to their capital or power. This exposure facilitates analysis of issues of practice in engineering education.
Genetic Biodiversity in Buffalo Population of Iraq Using Microsatellites Markers

Genetic structure of Iraqi buffalo population, in the South, Middle and North area of the country was characterized, using six microsatellite markers (ETH152, ETH02, ETH225, CSSM060, BM1706 and INRA005). Seventy alleles were detected across the six loci. Total number of alleles per locus (TNA) varied from 3 (INRA005 locus) to 16 (ETH152 locus). The mean number of allele (MNA) across the six loci in Iraqi indigenous buffalo was 11.4. The locus ETH152 was the most polymorphic marker according to its number of allele (16), the expected heterozygosity (0.86) and polymorphism information content (0.80) number of alleles (3), expected Heterozygosity (0.1-0.2) and polymorphism information content (0.1-0.2). Results showed that these markers were suitable in population genetics researches. It was concluded that a high degree of genetic diversity exist in the Iraqi buffalo populations.
A hard pill to swallow: the need to identify and treat ADHD to reduce sufferers' potential involvement in the criminal justice system

This paper explores the nature of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), its prevalence among offender populations, and its consequent impact on the Australian criminal justice system. To that end, it will be divided into two major sections. The first encompasses an extensive review of what is currently known about ADHD, including the historical development of the diagnosis, its known aetiology, ADHD and correlates, estimates of its prevalence, its successful treatment, high-level adverse trajectories for sufferers, and associated costs. The second will examine the significant overrepresentation of ADHD sufferers in youth and adult criminal justice populations and highlight the concerning lack of acknowledgment in major Australian criminal justice reviews of the prevalence and impact of ADHD. Finally, a call for action in relation to its strategic diagnosis, early intervention and treatment as a crucial part of an optimal criminal justice crime prevention strategy will be made.
Measuring the "doing-using-interacting mode" of innovation in SMEs - A qualitative approach

The 'doing-using-interacting mode' of innovation (DUI) is considered an important component of innovative activity. It describes informal innovative activities and thus complements the 'science-technology-innovation mode' (STI) based on research and development. While empirical measurement of the STI mode is well established, proxies for measuring DUI activities are still underdeveloped and no consensus has emerged concerning which intra- and extra-firm processes primarily constitute the DUI mode and how they should be measured. Based upon 81 in-depth interviews with German SMEs and regional innovation consultants, we propose a comprehensive set of 47 indicators comprising both established and new DUI processes for future empirical measurement. We argue that this measurement approach can lead to a more holistic understanding and ultimately quantifiable measurement of DUI innovativeness, which can guide further research and policymaking.
Fuzzy Sub Implicative Ideals of KU-Algebras

We consider the fuzzification of sub-implicative (sub-commutative) ideals in KU-algebras, and investigate some related properties. We give conditions for a fuzzy ideal to be a fuzzy sub-implicative (subcommutative) ideal. We show that any fuzzy sub-implicative (sub-commutative) ideal is a fuzzy ideal, but the converse is not true. Using a level set of a fuzzy set in a KU-algebra; we give a characterization of a fuzzy sub-implicative (sub-commutative) ideal.
Selenium Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Bovine Milk. Studies on Glutathione Peroxidase, Bioavailability and Electrochemical Techniques

The efficacy and function of antioxidants have been intensively studied in foods and other biological systems in recent decades. This thesis concerns different aspects of the antioxidant properties of bovine milk, with emphasis on measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activity of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk in humans. The TAC measurements were based on the scavenging of the cation radical of 2,2? -azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (the ABTS method), the reduction of the complex of ferric ion and 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (the FRAP method), or the amperometric signal registered at a glassy carbon electrode at an oxidation potential of +700 mV (versus AgoAgCl) in a flow-injection assay (the FIAmp method). Milk, whey, high-molecular-weight (HMW, >10 kDa) fraction and low-molecular-weight (LMW, 0.8, P< 0.001). The major antioxidant in the LMW fraction was identified as urate by specific enzyme treatment. Other electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) linear sweep voltammetry were also employed to characterise the antioxidant capacity in milk. Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGSHPx) is one of the antioxidant enzymes in bovine milk, and a coupled enzymatic assay has been optimised for measuring its activity. The activity of GSHPx was monitored during heat treatment of milk and whey. The activity of GHSPx in milk and whey was maintained at 72°C for 2 min, implying that the enzyme was stable at this common pasteurisation temperature used in dairy industry. The activity of purified cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGSHPx) was less stable than that of purified eGSHPx, and both purified enzymes were less stable than the GSHPx activity in milk. Selenium is an integral part of GSHPx, as well as of other selenoproteins with redox enzymatic activities and it is probably also related to the antioxidant status in humans. Therefore, the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk was studied in humans using the ileostomy model. It was found that the fractional absorption of selenium was significantly higher for milk than for fermented milk, 73.3 (16.1) versus 64.1 (11.2) %, mean (SD), and selenium from bovine milk was thus highly bioavailable to humans.
Synthesis and characterization of single phase ZnO nanostructures via solvothermal method: influence of alkaline source

Single phase ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by simple and low temperature solvothermal process from two different alkaline sources; Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O) as precursor. This facile and rapid synthesis technique achieve high purity of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures on large scale negating the use of complex and high temperature routes. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. ZnO synthesized using KOH and NaOH exhibit wurtzite hexagonal and flake-like nanostructures with average crystallite size of 11.0 nm and 14.9 nm respectively. Surface area of 59.50 m2/g and 31.43 m2/g were determined for KOH and NaOH sources respectively. The optical absorption spectra of the two samples showed absorption bands of 367.70 and 365.30 nm. The results showed the effect of alkaline sources on the surface morphology, structural and optical properties of ZnO.
Antibody-mediated protection against pulmonary infection with virulent type A Francisella tularensis

Respiratory infections with the virulent type A strains of Francisella tularensis (Ft) cause pneumonic tularemia, an illness which results in high case fatalities in the absence of timely antibiotic treatment. Although immunization is an effective countermeasure, vaccines against pulmonary tularemia are currently unavailable. A better understanding of protective immune components is therefore needed to develop licensable vaccines against pulmonary tularemia. While the indispensability of cell-mediated immunity in protection against this gram-negative intracellular bacterium is well-documented, the protective role of antibodies (Abs) is unclear. Hence we examined the role of humoral
Surface layer proteins as virulence factors in Clostridiun difficile infection

Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen possessing Surface Layer Proteins (SLPs), which exhibit adherent and immunostimulatory properties. Using bioinformatics tools, evidence of positive selection (PS) was detected in the SLPs of hypervirulent ribotype (RT) 027, indicating a potential correlation between PS and immunostimulatory properties. The SLPs were purified, and examined for their effect on immune cells. Up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed, however the strength of the response differed between strains. RT 027 induced a strong inflammatory response relative to the RT 001, with which it exhibits sequence similarity. An animal model of C. difficile infection compared severity of RT 001 and RT 027. RT 001 induced mild disease with full recovery by day 7, while RT 027 exhibited more severe disease with less clearance. Tissue damage was visualised by histology staining. Further staining showed macrophage and neutrophil infiltration of the tissue. qPCR analysis showed induction of Th17-linked pro-inflammatory cytokines at day 3 in response to RT 001, with levels lowering by day 7. RT 027 infected animals showed later production of IL-10. This may contribute to suppressing clearance. A dendritic cell T cell co-culture was also carried out to fully determine the effect of SLPs on the adaptive immune response. These results strongly suggest the importance of SLPs in disease, and that positive selection may be playing a role in driving the emergence of hypervirulent strains.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD DALAM PERSPEKTIF FRAUD PENTAGON

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and to examine the elements of fraud in fraud pentagon theory against indications of financial statement fraud on nonfinancial sector companies in Indonesia at 2009-2014. I ndependent variables in this research were financial stability, financial target, external pressure, nature of industry, ineffective monitoring, change in auditor, change of director, and frequent number of CEO’s picture, while the dependent variable was financial statement fraud. The population in this study was nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008 to 2013, based on the investigation result of Indonesia Financial Services Authority in 2009 to 2014 towards the listed companies that proved have done the VIII.G. 7 infraction, the financial statement fraud. Total samples used in this study were 60 companies, consist of 30 companies which classified had done the financial statement fraud, and 30 companies which not classified had done the fraud as matched companies by the criteria on the same of industry and total asset. This research was conducted by quantitative methods using secondary data. Data analysis was performed by the descriptive statistic analysis, multikolonieritas test, and hypothesis test with logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are two variables which were significant positive in influencing the financial statement fraud, including and the change in auditor and frequent number of CEO's picture. These variables represent the two elements in a pentagon fraud Crowe's theory; rationalization and arrogance.
The effect of bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage

Managing alfalfa silage in livestock production systems is an important issue in order to maintain the silage quality and achieve maximum profitable production of milk and meat. The aim of this study was to estimate effects of commercial bacterial inoculants on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage, under field conditions in the commercial dairy farm, during 2017. The silage mass was subdivided into five equal parts (control - silage without inoculant) and silages treated with commercial bacterial inoculants (PIO 1 - Pioneer 11H50, PIO2 - Pioneer 11AFT, SIL - Silko and BON - Bosilage alfa) all ensiled in microsilos. After 90 days of ensiling, silages were analysed for chemical and nutritional composition and fermentation characteristics. Dry matter and crude protein value were higher, lactic acid and acetic acid value were significantly higher in silage treated with bacterial inoculant PIO1, PIO2, SIL and BON compared to control silage. Contrary, alfalfa silage treated with a bacterial inoculant PIO1, PIO2, SIL and BON had lower values of acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and pH and significantly lower values butyric acid, alcohols and NH3-N/total nitrogen compared to control silage. Results showed that bacterial inoculant PIO1, PIO2, SIL and BON increases silage quality compared to control silage.
Chemical composition and variation in some parameters during storage of 8 formic acid silages prepared from capelin

Eight formic acid silages were prepared from the same batch of frozen capelin. Before ensiling, portions were given varying treatments which resulted in different chemical characteristics of the raw materials ensiled. The silages were stored for one year and samples were taken for chemical analyses at inte~vals. The parameters analysed were dry matter, protein, fat, ash, water soluble and TCA soluble nitrogen, TMA N, DMA N, TMAO N, NH3 N, amide N, free fatty acids, peroxide value, anisidine value, iodine value and biogenic amines. Further, counting of Iiving bacteria and of mold were performed. Several parameters varied with the length of storage time , and regression equations relating the parameters to the logarithm of the storage time were calculated. The parameters were considered as quality criteria for fish silage. Only total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and biogenic amines seemed to be promising in this connection. Among the amines tyramine was the most promising as it was found to occur in the silages in about the same amounts as were present in the raw materials. Total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and tyramine may be used primarily to assess whether the raw material was fresh at the time ofensiling. Of these tyramine would seem to be best suited. The degree of autolysis may be of importance in assessing the age of a silage. The two measures for soluble nitrogen seemed to reach a plateau at about 3 months storage. Thus a better criterion for the degree of autolysis is required. If routine control should be based on amine analyses more rapid methods are required.
A Computer-Simulation Model of Water-Hyacinth and Weevil Interactions

A personal computer simulation model termed "IN­ SECT" has been developed to evaluate biological control of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. ) by two species of weevil (Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, and N. bruchi Hustache). The model results were compared with the data from three different locations. For each data set, the simulated plant biomass, adult and larva populations were plotted aqainst the 95% confidence intervals of the actual field observations. In many cases, the simulation re­ sults were within the 95% confidence intervals, and espe­ cially during the growing season, they indicated trends similar to those seen in the field data. However, there were discrepancies in both the magnitude and the trend for early and the late periods of the year. These initial results suggest that development of a model to simulate the im­ pact of a biocontrol agent on waterhyacinth populations is a feasible approach to better understand the interactions within this control system.
Caracteristicas do diabetes mellitus induzido pela administracao neonatal de aloxana em ratos

Com o objetivo de analisar as caracteristicas do diabetes provocado pela administracao neonatal de aloxana, ratos recem nascidos (2 e 4 dias), de ambos os sexos, receberam aloxana (200 mg/Kg p.c.-i.p.). Como controles foram utilizados ratos injetados com veiculo (tampao citrato). Aos 28, 60 e 90 dias de idade os animais foram avaliados quanto a: glicemia de jejum, glicemia pos-prandial e tolerância a glicose oral (TTGo). Os resultados mostraram maior glicemia no TTGo (p>0,05) ate os 60 dias, regredindo aos 90 dias em ambos os sexos. Aos 90 dias os animais foram sacrificados por decapitacao. Ficou evidente que os machos que receberam a droga aos dois dias foram os mais prejudicados, mostrando os menores teores de insulina e razao proteina/DNA pancreaticos e os niveis mais elevados de A.G. L. sanguineo (p<0,05). Concluindo, embora a intolerância a glicose seja transitoria, a recuperacao dos animais e incompleta, pois algumas alteracoes orgânicas persistem.