Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early cadmium-induced effects on reactive oxygen species production, cell viability and membrane electrical potential in grapevine roots

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most worldwide concerned metal pollutants. It is able to induce reactive oxygen species production through indirect mechanisms causing oxidative stress. Vitis vinifera roots were treated with 100 μM Cd for 0-180 min or 20-100 μM Cd for 24 h. Fluorescence confocal microscopy showed elevated hydrogen peroxide and superoxide levels in the apical root segments. Two phases (after 30 min and 24 h) of the superoxide raised levels were observed. This was accompanied by the decrease in root cell viability. Cd in concentrations between 0.005-10 mM induced significant, but different changes in membrane electrical potential (EM) of the root epidermal cells. The low concentrations of Cd (0.005-0.01 mM) caused transient EM hyperpolarization followed by depolarization, whereas by higher concentrations (0.05-5.0 mM) EM was depolarized. In any case, the depolarization or hyperpolarization were only transient up to 5 mM Cd concentration indicating that the plasma membrane function was not irreversibly destroyed. Hyperpolarization of EM induced by fusicoccin (FC) was completely suppressed only in the presence of 10 mM Cd pointing to the inhibition of H+-ATPase. The results suggest that the Cd interactions, depending on cellular development, result in activation of a complex of various mechanisms such as peroxide and hydrogen peroxide production, which in turn may be a more probable reason for the root cell responses to Cd toxicity than the transient EM changes.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of the $\sigma$-model modes on the de Sitter space

The two-dimensional -model with the de Sitter target space is locally canonic in the north pole diamond of the Penrose diagram in the cosmological gauge. The left and right moving modes on the cylindrical base space are entangled among themselves and interact with the de Sitter metric. Firstly, we show that the untangled oscillators can be obtained from the entangled operators by applying a set of Bogoliubov transformations constrained by the requirement that the partial evolution generator be diagonal. Secondly, we determine the nonequilibrium dynamics of the untangled modes in the nonequilibrium thermofield dynamics formalism. The thermal modes are represented as thermal doublet oscillators that satisfy partial evolution equations of Heisenberg-type. From these we compute the local free one-body propagator of an arbitrary mode between two times. Thirdly, we discuss the field representation of the thermal modes. We show that there is a set of thermal doublet fields that satisfy the equal time canonical commutation relations, are solutions to the -model equations of motion, and can be decomposed in terms of thermal doublet oscillators. Finally, we construct a local partial evolution functional of Hamilton-like form for the thermal doublet fields.
Partial Discharge Modelling and Measurement of HV Insulation

Insulation of high voltage power equipment is very much important for their safe and reliable operation. The insulating material is of solid, liquid or gaseous forms. Most of the insulating material cannot be designed without having impurities inside it. Presence of defect or impurities in the insulation creates weak spot in the insulation and leads to local field enhancement surrounding the insulation and very cause of partial discharge. It is observed that PD is one of most pronounced cause of failure of insulation in HV power transformer and HV cable. So, insulation condition assessment is very much necessary for safe and reliable operation of power system network. In this work a MATLAB based SIMULINK model is developed for cable insulation considering all its design parameter and to generate PD pulses a void is considered in insulation of cable. In addition to that PD in transformer oil insulation is detected using electrical method and ultra-high frequency detection method by using antenna.
Spectroscopic Detection of Turbulence in Post-CME Current Sheets

Plasma in post-CME current sheets (CSs) is expected to be highly turbulent because of the tearing and coalescence instability and/or local microscopic instabilities. For this reason, in the last decade the inconsistency between the observed (~104–105 km) and the expected (~1-10 m) CS thickness has been tentatively explained in many MHD models as a consequence of plasma turbulence that should be able to significantly broaden the CS. However, from the observational point of view, little is known about this subject. A few post-CME CSs have been observed in UVCS spectra as a strong emission in the high-temperature [Fe XVIII] line, usually unobservable in the solar corona. In this work, published data on post-CME CSs observed by UVCS are reanalyzed, concentrating for the first time on the evolution of turbulence derived from the nonthermal broadening of the [Fe XVIII] line profiles. Derived turbulent speeds are on the order of ~60 km s−1 a few hours after the CME and slowly decay down to ~30 km s−1 in the following 2 days. From this evolution the anomalous diffusivity due to microinstabilities has been estimated, and the scenario of multiple small-scale reconnections is tested. Results show that the existence of many (~10−11 to 10−17 μCS m−3) microscopic CSs (μCSs) of small sizes (~10–104 m) could explain not only the high CS temperatures but also the much larger observed thickness of macroscopic CSs, thanks to turbulent broadening.
Comments on the OECD Study and the Hausman and Ros' Paper about the Lack of Market Competition in the Telecommunications Sector in Mexico

This article examines the two reports on the Telecommunications sector in Mexico. The rst study is the OECD report, while the second was written by Hausman and Ros and criticizes the former one. Comments are only technical and are made with academic purposes. Both studies construct methodologies that are carried out using aggregated data and assess the problem assuming a perfect competition model, when the structure of the market in this sector calls more for a monopolistic competition analysis.
Two Errors of Targeting.

The authors analyse the relationship between two errors which commonly arise in the attempt to ‘target’ government expenditures on poor people: ‘E-mistakes’ in which benefits are provided to the non-poor as well as the poor, and ‘F-mistakes’ in which some of the poor fall outside the scope of the programme. Existing redistributive programmes are examined in order to determine the right balance between the two types of error, and the conclusion is reached that in a majority of cases universal-benefit programmes dominate programmes of precisely targeted support.
Cooperative Control of a Gripped Load by a Team of Quadrotors

In this paper, an output tracking controller is proposed for cooperative transport of a gripped load by a team of quadrotors. The proposed control law requires measurement of only four state variables; position and yaw angle of the system. Moreover, the controller provides rejection of step and ramp external force disturbances. Also, the control basis vectors derived via optimization facilitate real time determination of quadrotors' control inputs. Numerical simulations show effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and its superiority over formerly designed controllers for such systems.
Governance Structure and External Audit Price: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

This study provides new evidence on the relationship between external audit price and corporate governance of the largest (based on market capitalization) 100 listed firms on both the main and second board of the Bursa Malaysia (BMB) (previously known as the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange). The findings show that for main board companies, external audit price is positively and significantly associated with corporate size, complexity and internal governance variable (i.e. director’s remuneration). For the second board firms, complexity, corporate size and internal governance variables (i.e. proportion of non-executive directors to total directors) were important determinants of external audit pricing. External audit price had a significant negative relationship with individual shareholders ownership for both main and second board companies, and companies’ age for companies listed on the second board.
How to begin a survivorship program in your community oncology practice

In 2012, the United States had an estimated 12 million cancer survivors. In November 2005 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a call to action on cancer survivorship for health care professionals to recognize challenges, treat conditions, and support our patients more comprehensively after their diagnosis with cancer. This support begins with educating patients about their disease and treatment, their follow-up plan, and potential complications. It involves an assessment for potential complications of disease and treatment, and intervention when warranted. Survivorship programs have emerged throughout the country, but the composition of the programs and operational process by which they are implemented are widely varied. There is some divergence about what defines a cancer survivor, though most current programs treat individuals who have undergone early stage disease treatment through palliation. The site of service where survivorship programs are delivered varies from hospital to center to clinic. The structure of the delivery mechanism can be as a consultation, assuming individuals will have usually 1 survivorship visit, or as longitudinal, setting the precedent that patients will follow up at some regular interval for continued survivorship care. The most striking variation in survivorship programs is the depth and breadth of services that they provide to their patients.
Analysis of composite plates using element free galerkin method

Meshfree methods are a new class of numerical analysis methods that rectify some drawbacks of traditional mesh-based methods like FDM, FEM, BEM & FVM. Composite plates are quite common in aerospace industries and are subject to hostile operating conditions making them prone to cracks and their propagation. Hence meshfree methods have a possible application in the crack propagation of composite laminates. In this work, the Element free Galerkin Method- one of the most popular meshfree methods- is applied to isotropic and composite plates and the behavior of the plates is studied under plane stress and transverse bending. The isotropic plates are analysed using Kirchoff’s plate theory and the laminates are analysed using Classical Laminate Theory. To implement the EFG method for analysis of plate, a computer code is developed and executed in MATLAB platform. The current formulation is validated with the exact solutions. The dependence of the performance of the methods on the parameters concerning these methods is analysed and the ways to find optimal parameters are discussed. It is found that EFGM gives excellent results. However, it is dependent heavily on the parameters like support domain size. It is found that the polynomial basis and weight function are the most critical parameters and must be chosen as per the structural theory used. The support domain size, the quadrature order and nodal density also affect the results significantly.
Error Types in the Learner Corpus of the Second Baltic Language

Errors in language learning are seen as normal and even necessary. However, researching them is often undermined by the need for a clear definition what is or should be considered an error and by the lack of an error taxonomy. This paper shortly discusses the notion of error in various contexts, especially in learner corpora research. Then it offers an error taxonomy that was created for error-tagging a learner corpus of Baltic languages. The aim of the study is to create a taxonomy that is suitable for annotating beginner texts of Latvian and Lithuanian, and efficient in use. The taxonomy is based on the previous work of S. Granger who identified error types for a learner corpus of French. These error types are reviewed, modified and/or replaced where necessary in order to match the structure of Latvian and Lithuanian languages. 5 error types (form; morphology and word-formation; syntax; vocabulary; punctuation) with 29 subtypes are distinguished. Those are described in the article along with examples from the corpus. The taxonomy is now being used for annotation the learner corpus of the second Baltic language which provides researchers with valuable material on language learning outcomes.
Turbulence Measurements in Submerged Hydraulic Jumps with Baffle Blocks

Laboratory measurements of turbulence in submerged hydraulic jumps with blocks downstream of a sluice gate are presented. As observed previously two flow regimes were distinguished; the deflected surface jet (DSJ) and the reattaching wall jet (RWJ) regimes. In the DSJ regime considerable turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was generated just downstream of the blocks and the rate of dissipation of TKE was found to be very high resulting in a rapid decay of TKE. In the RWJ flow regime the magnitude of both the TKE and the dissipation rate were considerably lower but because the TKE decayed more slowly higher levels of TKE persisted farther downstream. This study provides insights into the production and dissipation of turbulence in submerged flows and helps to explain why a submerged jump with blocks with a low submergence factor; i.e., the DSJ flow regime, is as effective as a free jump in dissipating energy.
A Modified and Secured RSA Public Key Cryptosystem Based on “n” Prime Numbers

Cryptography is the study that provides security service. It concerns with confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Public key cryptography provides an enormous revolution in the field of the cryptosystem. It uses two different keys where keys are related in such a way that, the public key can use to encrypt the message and private key can be used to decrypt the message. This paper proposed an enhanced and modified approach of RSA cryptosystem based on “n” distinct prime number. This existence of “n” prime number increases the difficulty of the factoring of the variable “N” which increases the complexity of the algorithm. In this approach, two different public key and private key generated from the large factor of the variable “N” and perform a double encryption-decryption operation which affords more security. Experiment on a set of a random number provided that the key generation time, analysis of variable “N”, encryption and decryption will take a long time compared to traditional RSA. Thus, this approach is more efficient, highly secured and not easily breakable.
Development of a soil test for determining the impact of soil disturbance

United States Federal law requires land-managing agencies like the US Army to identify and take into account the impacts of their undertakings on archaeological resources. Development of a method that uses changes in the stratification of horizon interfaces to identify the onset of adverse impacts to archaeological deposits was investigated. This method will allow Cultural resource managers to identify types and levels of military training that risk adverse impacts to intact archaeological deposits. A study was initiated at Fort Benning, GA, and Fort Riley, KS with treatments including (1) archaeological habitation/no-training, (2) archaeological habitation/training, (3) non-habitation/no-training, and (4) non-habitation/training. Soil core samples for each treatment group were taken for 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50 cm increments for chemical analysis. Several promising elements were identified that may be useful as indicators for determining potential damage to archaeological deposits resulting from ground disturbing activities such as mechanized maneuver training. Differences between disturbed and undisturbed treatment groups were often evident at depths of 20-40 cm, indicating substantial soil inversion, displacement, or mixing. Soil C concentrations were always negatively impacted in disturbed treatment group soils, indicating that C might also be a reliable indicator of disturbance, especially when used in a ratio with another elements that accumulate in undisturbed surface soil horizons. Analyses of ratios, including the Top-to-Total (ratio of upper 10 cm to entire 50 cm profile), the Total-to-Soluble (ratio of total elemental to soluble elemental concentration), and the Leachable to Non-Leachable (ratio of leachable/mobile element to a nonleachable/ immobile element) indicated promising results.
Segmentation of the Izu-Bonin and Mariana slabs based on the analysis of the Benioff seismicity distribution and regional tomography results

Abstract. We present a new model of P and S velocity anomalies in the mantle down to a depth of 1300 km beneath the Izu-Bonin and Mariana (IBM) arcs. This model is derived based on tomographic inversion of global travel time data from the revised ISC catalogue. The results of inversion are thoroughly verified using a series of different tests. The obtained model is generally consistent with previous studies by different authors. We also present the distribution of relocated deep events projected to the vertical surface along the IBM arc system. Unexpectedly, the seismicity forms elongated vertical clusters instead of horizontal zones indicating phase transitions in the slab. We propose that these vertical seismicity zones mark zones of intense deformation and boundaries between semi-autonomous segments of the subducting plate. The P and S seismic tomography models consistently display the slab as prominent high-velocity anomalies coinciding with the distribution of deep seismicity. We can distinguish at least four segments which subduct differently. The northernmost segment of the Izu-Bonin arc has the gentlest angle of dipping which is explained by backward displacement of the trench. In the second segment, the trench stayed at the same location, and we observe the accumulation of the slab material in the transition zone and its further descending to the lower mantle. In the third segment, the trench is moving forward causing the steepening of the slab. Finally, for the Mariana segment, despite the backward displacement of the arc, the subducting slab is nearly vertical. Between the Izu-Bonin and Mariana arcs we clearly observe a gap which can be traced down to about 400 km in depth. Based on joint consideration of the tomography results and the seismicity distribution, we propose two different scenarios of the subduction evolution in the IBM zone during the recent time, depending on the reference frame of plate displacements. In the first case, we consider the movements in respect to the Philippine Plate, and explain the different styles of the subduction by the relative backward and forward migrations of the trench. In the second case, all the elements of the subduction system move westward in respect to the stable Asia. Different subduction styles are explained by the "anchoring" of selected segments of the slab, different physical properties of the subducting plate and the existence of buoyant rigid blocks related to sea mount and igneous provinces.
Multi-wavelength study of two possible cloud-cloud collision regions: IRAS 02459+6029 and IRAS 22528+5936

Based on observations of 12CO (J=2–1), we select targets from archived Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) data of IRAS 02459+6029 and IRAS 22528+5936 as samples of cloud-cloud collision, according to the criteria given by Vallee. Then we use the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) A band (8.28 μm) images and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (1.4 GHz) continuum images to investigate the association between molecular clouds traced by the CO contour maps. The distribution of dust and ionized hydrogen shows an obvious association with the CO contour maps toward IRAS 02459+6029. However, in the possible collision region of IRAS 22528+5936, NVSS continuum radiation is not detected and the MSX sources are merely associated with the central star. The velocity fields of the two regions indicate the direction of the pressure and interaction. In addition, we have identified candidates of young stellar objects (YSOs) by using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) in JHK bands expressed in a color-color diagram. The distribution of YSOs shows that the possible collision region is denser than other regions. All the evidence suggests that IRAS 02459+6029 could be an example of cloud-cloud collision, and that IRAS 22528+5936 could be two separate non-colliding clouds.
Common applications of next-generation sequencing technologies in genomic research

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have progressive advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, unprecedented sequencing speed, high resolution and accuracy in genomic analyses. To date, these high-throughput sequencing technologies have been comprehensively applied in a variety of ways, such as whole genome sequencing, target sequencing, gene expression profiling, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and small RNA sequencing, to accelerate biological and biomedical research. However, the massive amount of data generated by NGS represents a great challenge. This article discusses the available applications of NGS technologies, presents guidelines for data processing pipelines, and makes suggestions for selecting suitable tools in genomics, transcriptomics and small RNA research.
BLOCK-OWNERSHIP AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIAN LISTED FIRMS

This study examines the association between level of block ownership and earnings management activities in Malaysian listed companies. Agency theory suggests separation of ownership and control gives rise to manager’s incentives to select and apply accounting techniques opportunistically at the expense of the shareholders. The existence of block ownership may reduce the agency cost to shareholders since block-holders are in a better position and capacity to monitor the management. Our results indicate that there is no significant relationship between the level of block-ownership and the magnitude of discretionary accounting accruals. This indicates that block-ownership is not an effective mechanism in mitigating aggressive earnings management by firms. However, further analysis indicates that institutional and holding block-ownerships are negatively related to the discretionary accruals. This suggests that institutional block and controlling block ownerships have more incentives and possess more sophisticated mechanisms to entail better control toward managerial opportunistic behaviours.
The INTEGRAL Science Data Centre (ISDC)

The INTEGRAL Science Data Centre (ISDC) provides the INTEGRAL data and means to analyse them to the scientific community. The ISDC runs a gamma ray burst alert system that provides the position of gamma ray bursts on the sky within seconds to the community. It operates a quick-look analysis of the data within few hours that detects new and unexpected sources as well as it monitors the instruments. The ISDC processes the data through a standard analysis the results of which are provided to the observers together with their data.