Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity in the cerebellum of the neonatal phencyclidine model of schizophrenia

Significance Synaptogenesis and neural network remodeling are at their maximum during the perinatal period of human brain development. Perturbations of this highly sensitive stage might underlie the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Subchronic neonatal administration of phencyclidine, a drug of abuse, has been used to model schizophrenia in rodents. In this model, we found specific long-term synaptic changes in Purkinje cells and transient gene expression changes in the cerebellum. While transient increased neuronal activity in the cerebellum, induced using chemogenetics, reproduces some phencyclidine-induced molecular changes, it is insufficient to reproduce the long-term synaptic effects. Our results show the complex mechanism of action of phencyclidine on the development of neuronal connectivity and further highlight the potential contribution of cerebellar defects in psychiatric diseases.
High performance 0.25 mu m p-MOSFETs with silicon-germanium channels for 300 K and 77 K operation

Quarter-micron Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ p-MOS devices with either thermal or PECVD oxides have been fabricated using an integrable process module (LOCOS isolation, threshold and deep well implants, p/sup +/ polysilicon gates, and TiSi/sub 2/) compatible with conventional 0.25 mu m CMOS with the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ channel and Si cap deposited by selective UHV-CVD. Improvements in mobility and transconductance over deep submicron (0.25 mu m channel length) state-of-the-art Si p-MOSFETs were demonstrated by using silicon-germanium channels with low (10-25%) germanium content, both at room temperature (300 K) and low temperature (82 K). The use of Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ channels can provide better device performance in the same technology generation (same lithography, junction depth, etc.) and also help compensate for the external parasitic resistance penalty. <<ETX>>
Cardiac sympathetic-vagal activity initiates a functional brain–body response to emotional arousal

Significance We investigate the temporal dynamics of brain and cardiac activities in healthy subjects who underwent an emotional elicitation through videos. We demonstrate that, within the first few seconds, emotional stimuli modulate heartbeat activity, which in turn stimulates an emotion intensity (arousal)–specific cortical response. The emotional processing is then sustained by a bidirectional brain–heart interplay, where the perceived arousal level modulates the amplitude of ascending heart-to-brain neural information flow. These findings may constitute fundamental knowledge linking neurophysiology and psychiatric disorders, including the link between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disorders.
Challenges in diagnosis and understanding of natural history of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting 8%–13% of reproductive‐aged women. The aetiology of the syndrome is complex, with genetic susceptibility, androgen exposure in early life and adiposity related dysfunction leading to perturbance in hypothalamic–ovarian function. PCOS clinical features are heterogeneous, with manifestations arising even in early adolescence, developing into multisystem reproductive, metabolic and psychological manifestations in adulthood. In this review, we will discuss challenges in the diagnosis of PCOS and understanding of the natural history of PCOS.
Can Lower Levels of Classroom Victimization be harmful? Healthy Context Paradox Among Chinese Adolescents

The healthy context paradox is defined as the phenomenon that victims’ psychological adjustment worsens in a context with a lower rate of victimization. The unexpected pattern was primarily confirmed in children and adolescents from western societies, and it is unclear whether classroom-level victimization could moderate the link between peer victimization and psychological adjustment in the Chinese cultural context, where Confucian philosophies and collectivism are highly valued. Furthermore, most existing research used a single method to assess peer victimization. The current study attempted to examine classroom-level peer victimization as a moderator in the association between individual-level peer victimization and depression, self-esteem, and well-being among 2613 Chinese seventh graders (1237 girls, M age = 13.00±.61) from 47 classrooms (M classroom size = 55.60, range from 45 to 65) using both self-reported and peer-reported information on peer victimization. At the individual level, the results revealed that both self- and peer-reported victimization were positively related to depression and negatively related to self-esteem and well-being. Most importantly, consistent with past findings documenting the healthy context paradox, self-reported victimized youth experienced a higher level of depression and lower level of self-esteem and well-being in classrooms where the overall level of victimization was relatively low. However, the healthy context paradox was not replicated in the nominated data of peer victimization. These results confirmed the healthy context paradox in Chinese culture to some extent. The findings emphasize the importance of measuring peer victimization from multiple sources and suggest there is a need for additional support to victimized middle school students where the classroom context was relatively healthy.
Digitising the Industry Internet of Things Connecting the Physical, Digital and VirtualWorlds

Description: This book provides an overview of the current Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, ranging from the research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies in a global context. A successful deployment of IoT technologies requires integration on all layers, be it cognitive and semantic aspects, middleware components, services, edge devices/machines and infrastructures. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC - Internet of Things European Research Cluster from research to technological innovation, validation and deployment. The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster and the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT-EPI) and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, innovation, development and deployment of IoT in the next years. The IoT is bridging the physical world with virtual world and requires sound information processing capabilities for the "digital shadows" of these real things. The research and innovation in nanoelectronics, semiconductor, sensors/actuators, communication, analytics technologies, cyber-physical systems, software, swarm intelligent and deep learning systems are essential for the successful deployment of IoT applications. The emergence of IoT platforms with multiple functionalities enables rapid development and lower costs by offering standardised components that can be shared across multiple solutions in many industry verticals. The IoT applications
Prevalence of Opioid Use and Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women in South-Central Appalachia, USA

Abstract Background: Recent research indicates that pregnant women in rural communities are at increased risk of experiencing IPV and comorbid illicit opioid use compared to urban-residing pregnant women. Few studies of the interactions among rurality, substance use, and victimization in pregnant women exist. The current study sought to examine the relationship between IPV and opioid use and the interaction effects of rurality in Appalachian pregnant women. Methods: A convenience sample of pregnant women who were enrolled in a smoking cessation research study was used for this analysis. Participants included 488 pregnant women from five prenatal clinics in South-Central Appalachia. Data were from self-reported assessments and semi-structured interviews on substance use and IPV conducted from first trimester of pregnancy through eight months postpartum. Results: Four hundred and ten participants reported experiencing any form of IPV in the past year. Logistic regression results indicated that physical IPV was associated with opioid use, but sexual and psychological IPV were not. The moderation model indicated direct effects between IPV and opioid use, but were not moderated by rurality. Conclusion: This study suggests a need to further understand the relationship between substance use, IPV, and rurality in pregnant women. The specific subtopic of opioid use by pregnant women living in rural communities, and its relationship to IPV victimization and adverse fetal and maternal health outcomes, continues to be an understudied, but critically important area. Limitations and future directions pertaining to IPV screenings and interventions for pregnant women are discussed.
From biomass cooking fuel source to modern alternative for Bauchi State households: a preliminary analysis

ABSTRACT Biomass as the source of cooking fuel is one of the causes of indoor air pollution, desertification, soil erosion and other visual problems. The main aim of this study is to carry out a feasibility analysis in order to ascertain the possibility of conducting a study on the factors influencing household cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State. A total of 30 households were chosen systematically from the study area. A logit regression model was used to analyse the data. Cronbach's alpha value of 0.71 shows good reliability and acceptability as a valid study. Therefore, a study to analyse the determinants of household cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State is feasible and may provide conclusions relevant for policy making. Logit results show that income, number of rooms and nature of the home building are the variables that are positively related to the odds of adopting modern cooking fuel sources. Age of household head, gender of household head and home appliances are negatively related to the odds of adopting modern cooking fuel sources. Therefore, appropriate relevant policies will encourage households to adopt modern sources of cooking fuels.
Negative correlation between IL‐1β, IL‐12 and TNF‐γ, and cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder

Chronic exposure to stress is a major risk factor in anxiety disorders (ADs) and can be accompanied by an altered microbiome–gut–brain axis and a compromised immune system. In recent years, the study of inflammatory processes in AD has gained special attention. Continued stress causes the reactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and the consequent release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, affecting the sensitivity to stress and the similar behavior of anxiety.
Long-term metabolic fate and mortality in obesity without metabolic syndrome

Abstract Background Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are known to expose to atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. Metabolically healthy obesity refers to obesity without MetS. This study aimed to investigate how obesity and MetS modify the risk of CVD, AF and mortality in very long-time follow-up. Methods Finnish middle-aged subjects (n = 1045) were grouped into four subgroups according to the presence of obesity and MetS. CVD events and AF were followed for 24 years and total mortality for 30 years. Moreover, 600 available patients had a follow-up visit for metabolic examinations after approximately 22 years. Results One-hundred and sixty-two (30%) subjects without obesity or MetS died during the follow-up. Ninety-two (17%) of the patients in this group had a CVD event and 58 (11%) were diagnosed with AF. As compared to them, obese subjects without MetS had similar metabolic fate and mortality (mortality 26 (38%), p = . 143; CVD event 12 (18%), p = . 858 and AF 7 (10%), p = . 912, respectively), whereas subjects with obesity and MetS had greater mortality (102 (49%), p < . 001), more CVD (71 (34%), p < . 001) and AF (49 (23%), p < . 001). Non-obese individuals with MetS had greater rates of mortality (96 (44%), p < . 001) and CVD (80 (37%), p < . 001), but not of AF (26 (12%), p = . 606). Of the 40 subjects with obesity but without MetS at baseline and available for the follow-up visit, 15 (38%) were metabolically healthy at the follow-up visit. Conclusions In the present long-term follow-up study, the presence of MetS, but not obesity only, implies a greater risk of mortality and CVD. The risk of AF is increased only in subjects with both obesity and MetS. However, obesity without MetS tends to progress eventually to obesity with MetS. Key messages The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but not obesity only, entails a greater risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. The risk of atrial fibrillation is increased only in subjects with both obesity and MetS. Obesity without MetS tends to progress eventually to obesity with MetS.
Helical buckling of long weightless strings subjected to axial and torsional loads

This article presents an analysis of helical buckling problem by including the effect of torque. Expressions for buckling loads, lateral forces and string shortening are derived considering not only the axial forces but also the influence of torque. Using the principle of virtual work, stability analysis is performed to determine type of equilibrium conditions for different cases. An analysis of effect of torque concludes the paper.
Nucleotide- and Protein-Dependent Functions of Actg1

Cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin proteins are 99% identical but support unique organismal functions. The cytoplasmic actin nucleotide sequences Actb and Actg1, respectively, are more divergent but still 89% similar. Actb–/– mice are embryonic lethal and Actb–/– cells fail to proliferate, but editing the Actb gene to express γ-actin (Actbc–g) resulted in none of the overt phenotypes of the knockout revealing protein-independent functions for Actb. To determine if Actg1 has a protein-independent function, we crossed Actbc–g and Actg1–/– mice to generate the bG/0 line, where the only cytoplasmic actin expressed is γ-actin from Actbc–g. The bG/0 mice were viable but showed a survival defect despite expressing γ-actin protein at levels no different from bG/gG with normal survival. A unique myopathy phenotype was also observed in bG/0 mice. We conclude that impaired survival and myopathy in bG/0 mice are due to loss of Actg1 nucleotide-dependent function(s). On the other hand, the bG/0 genotype rescued functions impaired by Actg1–/–, including cell proliferation and auditory function, suggesting a role for γ-actin protein in both fibroblasts and hearing. Together, these results identify nucleotide-dependent functions for Actg1 while implicating γ-actin protein in more cell-/tissue-specific functions.
Investigating the relationship between the five-factor model of distress tolerance, anxiety and anxiety sensitivity

ABSTRACT Background Distress tolerance (DT) has been conceptualized as a vulnerability factor for several psychopathologies. A five factor model of DT has been suggested, but its associations with anxiety and anxiety sensitivity have yet to be explored. Objectives This study aimed to further validate the five-factor model of DT, identify the associations between its factors and elevated anxiety, and assess if anxiety sensitivity mediates the association between DT and anxiety. Design and methods This observational study included 330 students and university workers (women = 82.7%; mean age = 27.7 years, SD = 9.4). They completed online questionnaires assessing DT, anxiety sensitivity and anxiety levels. Results The five-factor model was a good fit to the data (RMSEA = .04). Two factors, and the sex of the participants, contributed to the variance in anxiety (r2 = .418, p < .001). Tolerance of negative emotion was directly (β = −1.98, 95% CI = [−2.53, −1.42]) and indirectly (β = −1.10, 95% CI = [−1.55, -.78]) associated with lower anxiety through anxiety sensitivity. Tolerance of uncertainty was also directly (β = -.08, 95% CI = [-.10, -.06]) and indirectly (β = -.04, 95% CI = [-.05, -.02]) associated with lower anxiety through anxiety sensitivity. Conclusions Tolerance of negative emotion and uncertainty were associated with anxiety independently of the other factors of DT. These associations seem partially explained by the effect of anxiety sensitivity.
A Comprehensive Review of PCSK9 Inhibitors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. A major risk factor for this condition is increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels for which statins have been successful in reducing serum LDL-C to healthy concentrations. However, patients who are statin intolerant or those who do not achieve their treatment goals while on high-intensity statin therapy, such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia, remain at risk. With the discovery of PCSK9 inhibitors, the ability to provide more aggressive treatment for patients with homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia has increased. Ezetimibe reduces LDL-C by 15%-20% when combined with statin. 2,3 Protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been found to achieve profound reductions in LDL-C (54%-74%) when added to statins. They have shown dramatic effects at lowering major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk patients 4 with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL and can be used in populations that are statin intolerant or not at goal levels with maximally tolerated statin therapy. PCSK9 inhibitors also produce minimal side effects. Myopathy, a common side effect for patients on statins, has been rare in patients on PCSK9 inhibitors. Randomized trials have shown that reduction in LDL-C has translated to clinical benefits even in patients who have not achieved their LDL-C target.
Experimental study of the vibration characteristics of the fault cylindrical roller bearing of special vehicle gearbox

The bench experimental platform of a special vehicle gearbox is established, four typical state pieces of cylindrical roller bearing including the faulty rolling element, pitting and indentation, outer ring wear, and normal bearing are made to simulate the vibration testing of the special vehicle gearbox. The installation position of sensors is determined. The vibration signals are collected under the four typical cylindrical roller bearings and conditions of fault types, load torque and rotation speed. The signal processing methods of time and frequency-domain are introduced to the vibration signals from four states of cylindrical roller bearings of the gearbox and to conduct comprehensive evaluation of the vibration characteristics. The experimental study has gained the direct fault feature information and further suggestions are made for the following fault diagnosis to the cylindrical roller bearing.
The effect of recovery duration on muscle oxygenation, heart rate, perceived exertion, time motion descriptors, and technical proficiency during small sided games of football

This thesis was comprised of two research studies. The common component was the change in the duration of the recovery periods separating the SSG bouts, with the first study based on the physiological components of the SSG, and the second study based on the technical skill components of the SSG. The data for both studies were collected from the same participant group. ; Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, 2015.
Implicit-Bias Remedies: Treating Discriminatory Bias as a Public-Health Problem

Accumulated findings from studies in which implicit-bias measures correlate with discriminatory judgment and behavior have led many social scientists to conclude that implicit biases play a causal role in racial and other discrimination. In turn, that belief has promoted and sustained two lines of work to develop remedies: (a) individual treatment interventions expected to weaken or eradicate implicit biases and (b) group-administered training programs to overcome biases generally, including implicit biases. Our review of research on these two types of sought remedies finds that they lack established methods that durably diminish implicit biases and have not reproducibly reduced discriminatory consequences of implicit (or other) biases. That disappointing conclusion prompted our turn to strategies based on methods that have been successful in the domain of public health. Preventive measures are designed to disable the path from implicit biases to discriminatory outcomes. Disparity-finding methods aim to discover disparities that sometimes have obvious fixes, or that at least suggest where responsibility should reside for developing a fix. Disparity-finding methods have the advantage of being useful in remediation not only for implicit biases but also systemic biases. For both of these categories of bias, causes of discriminatory outcomes are understood as residing in large part outside the conscious awareness of individual actors. We conclude with recommendations to guide organizations that wish to deal with biases for which they have not yet found solutions.
Long-Term Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a rare neurological disorder, has limited effective long-term treatments. Bariatric surgery has shown short-term promise as a management strategy, but long-term efficacy has not been evaluated. We investigated IIH-related outcomes 4 to 16 years postsurgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study included Intracranial Hypertension Registry (IHR) participants with existing medical records that completed a bariatric surgery questionnaire at least 4 years postsurgery. Two physicians independently evaluated the IIH disease course at bariatric surgery and at the time of the questionnaire using detailed medical records. Determinations of improvements were based on within-participant comparisons between the 2 time points. IIH-related outcomes were then combined with bariatric surgery information and outcomes to assess the relationship between weight loss and alterations in IIH. Results: Among participants that underwent bariatric surgery and met study criteria (n=30) the median body mass index (BMI) at the time of surgery was 45.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 39.8-47.0], dropped to a postsurgical nadir of 27.3 (IQR: 22.8-33.1), and rose to 33.4 (IQR: 29.9-41.7) at the time of the questionnaire. Improvements in the IIH disease course at time of the questionnaire occurred in 37% of participants. However, there was a notable association between durable weight loss and IIH improvement as 90% (9 of 10) of participants that attained and maintained a BMI of 30 or below displayed improvement. Conclusions: Attaining and maintaining a BMI of 30 or below was associated with long-term improvement in the IIH disease course, including improved disease management and amelioration of signs and symptoms of participants of the IHR.
Adaptive Verhaltensentscheidung und Bahnplanung für kognitive Automobile

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine biologisch motivierte Verhaltenssteuerung fur ein kognitives Automobil vorgestellt, die ein hohes Mas an Ruckmeldung liefert und damit die Grundlage fur zukunftige Lernverfahren bildet. Weiterhin wird eine universell einsetzbare Bahnplanungskomponente entwickelt. Wesentliches Element des vorgestellten Ansatzes ist die Reprasentation von Fahrintention und Fahrzeugumfeld mit Hilfe von dynamischen Gefahrenkarten.