Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Probability Density Estimation for Fault Detection

In this paper, a time-domain analysis method based on probability density estimation is presented for rotating machine fault detection. Generally, the vibration signals obtained from a rotating machine are time-variant since they are strongly related to the rotational speed that is not constant even in the macro steady state. Since the mostly used signal processing method, the Fourier analysis is only suitable for stationary signals, the development of the joint time-frequency analysis is demanded. Here, the probability density estimation method based on Parzen window is introduced. The probability density function of the vibration signal of the rotating machine is estimated by Parzen window, and a threshold value is predefined to decide the state of the rotating machine. By inspecting the change of the probability density of the vibration signal, the condition of the machine is monitored. Air gap eccentricity and ball cage broken bearing are considered in the experiment section, they are difficult to be detected in frequency domain while the rotating speed is not constant. The validity of the method is proved by the experiment.
Real-Time Detection and Location of Potted Flowers Based on a ZED Camera and a YOLO V4-Tiny Deep Learning Algorithm

In order to realize the real-time and accurate detection of potted flowers on benches, in this paper we propose a method based on the ZED 2 stereo camera and the YOLO V4-Tiny deep learning algorithm for potted flower detection and location. First, an automatic detection model of flowers was established based on the YOLO V4-Tiny convolutional neural network (CNN) model, and the center points on the pixel plane of the flowers were obtained according to the prediction box. Then, the real-time 3D point cloud information obtained by the ZED 2 camera was used to calculate the actual position of the flowers. The test results showed that the mean average precision (MAP) and recall rate of the training model was 89.72% and 80%, respectively, and the real-time average detection frame rate of the model deployed under Jetson TX2 was 16 FPS. The results of the occlusion experiment showed that when the canopy overlap ratio between the two flowers is more than 10%, the recognition accuracy will be affected. The mean absolute error of the flower center location based on 3D point cloud information of the ZED 2 camera was 18.1 mm, and the maximum locating error of the flower center was 25.8 mm under different light radiation conditions. The method in this paper establishes the relationship between the detection target of flowers and the actual spatial location, which has reference significance for the machinery and automatic management of potted flowers on benches.
Multi-object Paper Money Recognition Technology Based on AlexNet Model

The use of physical currency is currently the most widely used method of transaction. The pattern recognition technology of paper currency has a wide range of applications, such as self-checkout machines, ATMs, vending machines, and devices for the blind. In modern society, there are more and more convenience stores. If they can have the RMB recognition system, they will save energy from cashiering. That is the reason for choosing this research Direction. However, it fails to identify images rotated over a certain angle or with excessive noise at first, and it cannot be 100% exact that the accuracy of our work now. But it will be perfected. To realize the function, this paper proposed a neural network model, which can accurately identify RMB. The best performance of the image process can be achieved by utilizing the Automatic white balance, the Automatic brightness, and the Automatic de-noising. Then it is time to cut and extract the image. At last, the image is put into the neural network model for recognition. The defect of this study is that it ignores the influence of possible fluctuation of image quality on the recognition results in the real situation. The related work established a Radial Basis Function Network based on notes interesting features and correlations between images. The image processing technology is used to improve image quality. Through the above methods, the work can identify all kinds of RMB. Moreover, it can already ensure that the success rate of RMB identification can reach more than 90%.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant optimized formation control for perturbed nonlinear multiagent systems

This article proposes an adaptive fault‐tolerant formation control strategy for strict‐feedback nonlinear multiagent systems with nonlinear faults and external disturbances. A simplified reinforcement learning algorithm is developed for approximating the optimized controller. Different from the existing optimized control results, the system dynamics is totally unknown in this article. In order to surmount “explosion of complexity”, the dynamic surface control technique is employed. A disturbance‐fault observer is employed to alleviate the influence caused by the external disturbances and the impact coming from the nonlinear faults. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, it can be demonstrated that all signals within the closed‐loop systems are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded and the optimized formation control performance can be guaranteed. Finally, some simulation results are exhibited the validity of the developed control method.
Flight Control Reconfiguration based on a Modular Approac

Abstract This paper describes a reconfiguring flight control algorithm for damaged aircraft based upon a modular approach. This approach combines real time physical model identification with adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion. The sensitivity of NDI to modeling errors is eliminated here by making use of a real time identified model of the aircraft. In failure situations, the damaged aircraft model is identified by the two step method and this updated model is supplied to the model-based adaptive NDI routine, which reconfigures for the failure in real time. Reconfiguration test results for damaged aircraft models indicate good failure handling capabilities of this fault tolerant control setup, for component as well as structural failures.
Polymer-based pixel matrix display in MOEMS technology

The proposed pixel matrix display consists of two plastic elements: a planar waveguide which plays the role of a light reservoir and a deformable thin membrane with a matrix of pillars. On the bottom side of the membrane that touches the light reservoir there is an electrode surrounding all pillars and leaving tops of pillars transparent. The light reservoir has a matrix of individual electrical contacts so that the display can be addressed pixel by pixel and switched on by applying a voltage to the electrical contacts on the light reservoir and the membrane electrode. The electrostatic force locally deforms the membrane and puts the pillars in contact with the light reservoir, therefore, coupling light into the membrane. A demonstrator of a polymer-based pixel matrix display is fabricated in MOEMS technology. The proof-of-principle experiment is made on a 20x20 pixel matrix with an active display matrix area of 5x5 mm2, a light emitting diode illumination and 80 V applied to address pixels.
Crystal Ball: From Innovative Attacks to Attack Effectiveness Classifier

Android OS is one of the most popular operating systems worldwide, making it a desirable target for malware attacks. Some of the latest and most important defensive systems are based on machine learning (ML) and cybercriminals continuously search for ways to overcome the barriers posed by these systems. Thus, the focus of this work is on evasion attacks in the attempt to show the weaknesses of state of the art research and how more resilient systems can be built. Evasion attacks consist of manipulating either the actual malicious application (problem-based) or its extracted feature vector (feature-based), to avoid being detected by ML systems. This study presents a set of innovative problem-based evasion attacks against well-known Android malware detection systems, which decrease their detection rate by up to 97%. Moreover, an analysis of the effectiveness of these attacks against VirusTotal (VT) scanners was conducted, empirically showing their efficiency against well-known scanners (e.g., McAfee and Comodo) as well. The VT system proved to be a great candidate for the attacks, as in 98% of the apps, less scanners detected the manipulated apps than the original malicious apps. As not all the attacks are effective in the same manner against the VT scanners, the attack efficiency classifiers are advised. Each classifier predicts the applicability of one of the attacks. The set of classifiers creates an ensemble, which shows high success rates, allowing the attacker to decide which attack is best to use for each malicious app and defense system.
Internal Erosion during Soil Pipeflow: State of the Science for Experimental and Numerical Analysis

Keywords: Ephemeral gully erosion Erodibility Internal erosion Landslides Pipeflow Soil pipes. Abstract. Many field observations have led to speculation on the role of piping in embankment failures, landslides, and gully erosion. However, there has not been a consensus on the subsurface flow and erosion processes involved, and inconsistent use of terms have exacerbated the problem. One such piping process that has been the focus in numerous field observations, but with very limited mechanistic experimental work, is flow through a discrete macropore or soil pipe. Questions exist as to the conditions under which preferential flow through soil pipes results in internal erosion, stabilizes hillslopes by acting as drains, destabilizes hillslopes via pore-pressure buildups, and results in gully formation or reformation of filled-in ephemeral gullies. The objectives of this article are to review discrepancies in terminology in order to represent the piping processes better, to highlight past experimental work on the specific processes of soil pipeflow and internal erosion, and to assess the state-of-the-art modeling of pipeflow and internal erosion. The studies reviewed include those that examined the process of slope stability as affected by the clogging of soil pipes, the process of gullies forming due to mass failures caused by flow into discontinuous soil pipes, and the process of gully initiation by tunnel collapse due to pipes enlarging by internal erosion. In some of these studies, the soil pipes were simulated with perforated tubes placed in the soil, while in others the soil pipes were formed from the soil itself. Analytical solutions of the excess shear stress equation have been applied to experimental data of internal erosion of soil pipes to calculate critical shear stress and erodibility properties of soils. The most common numerical models for pipeflow have been based on Richardsâ€™ equation, with the soil pipe treated as a highly conductive porous medium instead of a void. Incorporating internal erosion into such models has proven complicated due to enlargement of the pipe with time, turbulent flow, and episodic clogging of soil pipes. These studies and modeling approaches are described, and gaps in our understanding of pipeflow and internal erosion processes and our ability to model these processes are identified, along with recommendations for future research.
Hydraulic Analysis of Multidiameter Center-Pivot Sprinkler Laterals

Analytical equations for direct hydraulic analysis of a multidiameter center-pivot lateral with and without an end gun were developed. The pressure head profile along the multidiameter center-pivot lateral is described by simple analytical functions. The analysis is based on both continuous outlet and discrete outlet approaches. Friction losses can be calculated using the Darcy–Weisbach or the Hazen–Williams formulas. The proposed equations simplify important practical applications such as the economic design and evaluation of a multidiameter center-pivot system. A comparison test with a numerical stepwise method indicates that the proposed analytical approach is sufficiently accurate for practical applications.
The Southeast Asian monsoon and El Niño–Southern Oscillation impact on the summer atmospheric circulation of East Mediterranean during 20th century based on ERA‐20C and CMIP5 simulations

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) are the dominant modes of climate variability affecting the tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we investigate the impact of ENSO episodes, through the modulation of the ISM configuration, on the Eastern Mediterranean (EMed) summer atmospheric circulation over the whole 20th century using state of the art model simulations from the 5th phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Results are validated against the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis, ERA‐20C. Our findings indicate that the variability of ENSO has a significant impact on the low and middle tropospheric circulation of EMed. La Niña (El Niño) events are related to stronger (weaker) ISM activity, which leads to a deepening (weakening) of the Persian low that affects the EMed tropospheric circulation with stronger (weaker) northerly surface winds over the area. Further, La Niña (El Niño) events are related with stronger (weaker) 500 hPa subsidence over the EMed and an intensification (weakening) of the Subtropical Jet Stream between 35°N to 50°N. This work improves our understanding of the teleconnections between ENSO variability and the EMed summer tropospheric circulation via the modulation of the ISM activity and stresses the importance of ENSO on the EMed climate in summer.
Barrier height evolution in a non-uniform interface of Ti or Mo Schottky diodes based on 4H-SiC

The characteristics of titanium (Ti) or molybdenum (Mo) as Schottky contact of device based on 4H-SiC material were investigated. The parameters deduced from static characterisation of Ti/4H-SiC show an increase of barrier height (ϕB) from 0.76 to 1.26 eV and a decrease of ideality factor (n) from 1.26 to 1.07 when the temperature varies from 10 to 460 K. Whereas in the Mo/4H-SiC the barrier height increases from 0.45 to 1.05 eV and the ideality factor decreases from 2.20 to 1.03. When the temperature decreases, a deformation of J–V characteristics appears for T < 300 K. The current through an inhomogeneous junction has been proposed to be described by a parallel conduction model used when there is a region of different barrier height in a non-uniform interface. The evolution of ϕB and n as function of temperature improves the deviation from typical thermionic model, implying geometry based on circular patches of low Schottky barrier height (SBH) incorporated in a region of higher SBH.
Design of planar bandpass filters from tapered slot resonators

A compact planar bandpass filter is designed using a tapered slot resonator, which is formed using two tapered slot antennas connected in a face‐to‐face configuration. The tapering profile and dimensions of the resonator control the characteristics of the filter. The success of the method is demonstrated via full wave electromagnetic simulations and measurements. Passbands of 30–50% centred at about 6 GHz with an insertion loss of less than 1 dB and a peak‐to‐peak group delay of less than 0.5 ns are achieved in two filters having different tapering profiles and fabricated on RT6010 substrate with an overall dimension of 25 mm × 30 mm. The use of an open‐ended series stub within the coplanar waveguide feeder of the filters extends their high stopband beyond 15 GHz. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1190–1194, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25118
Noise Prediction of NASA SR2 Propeller in Transonic Conditions

In this paper we propose a numerical approach for noise prediction of high‐speed propellers for Turboprop applications. It is based on a RANS approach for aerodynamic simulation coupled with Ffowcs Williams‐Hawkings (FW‐H) Acoustic Analogy for propeller noise prediction. The test‐case geometry adopted for this study is the 8‐bladed NASA SR2 transonic cruise propeller, and simulated Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) have been compared with experimental data available from Wind Tunnel and Flight Tests for different microphone locations in a range of Mach numbers between 0.78 and 0.85 and rotational velocities between 7000 and 9000 rpm. Results show the ability of this approach to predict noise to within a few dB of experimental data. Moreover corrections are provided to be applied to acoustic numerical results in order for them to be compared with Wind Tunnel and Flight Test experimental data, as well computational grid requirements and guidelines in order to perform complete aerodynamic and aeroacoustic calculat.
Laboratory Testing Material Property and FE Modeling Structural Response of PAM-Modified Concrete Overlay on Bridges

Portland cement concrete overlay on bridge deck is subjected to distresses of cracking and interface debonding under the effects of repeated vehicle loading and temperature cycling. In order to improve the overlay performance, this research used the polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer to modify the mechanical properties of concrete. The direct shear and impact resistance tests were designed to measure the interface bonding strength and dynamic performance, respectively. The comprehensive and flexural strength and three-point bending fatigue tests were conducted following the standards. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional finite-element (FE) models of the T-girder and box-girder bridges under the moving traffic loadings were built to analyze the stress response and improve the structural design. An analytical model of flexural stress was developed and validated the FE modeling results. A rubber cushion was designed in the FE model to “absorb” the flexural stress. Laboratory testing results indicate that PAM can significantly improve the flexural strength, bonding strength, impact resistance, and fatigue life of concrete. The modified concrete with 8% PAM by mass of cement poses higher flexural strength and impact resistance than concretes with other PAM percentages. FE simulation results indicate that there exists a critical overlay thickness inducing the maximum interface shear stress, which should be avoided in the structural design. The rubber cushion can effectively relieve the flexural stress.
Left‐handed characteristic analysis of a split‐ring resonator defected ground structure transmisson line

The left‐handed properties of a split‐ring resonator defected ground structure transmission line (TL) is investigated in this article. Then the transmission zero location, dispersion relation, impedance characteristic as well as refraction index are derived in detail. The numerical and measurement results validate that, this type of TL unit has the left‐handed properties with transmission zero. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2599–2602, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22752
Towards an Hybrid Hodgkin-Huxley Action Potential Generation Model

Mathematical models for the generation of the action potential can improve the understanding of physiological mechanisms that are consequence of the electrical activity in neurons. In such models, some equations involving empirically obtained functions of the membrane potential are usually defined. The best known of these models, the Hodgkin-Huxley model, is an example of this paradigm since it defines the conductances of ion channels in terms of the opening and closing rates of each type of gate present in the channels. These functions need to be derived from laboratory measurements that are often very expensive and produce little data because they involve a time-space-independent measurement of the voltage in a single channel of the cell membrane. In this work, we investigate the possibility of finding the Hodgkin-Huxley model’s parametric functions using only two simple measurements (the membrane voltage as a function of time and the injected current that triggered that voltage) and applying Deep Learning methods to estimate these functions. This would result in an hybrid model of the action potential generation composed by the original Hodgkin-Huxley equations and an Artificial Neural Network that requires a small set of easy-to-perform measurements to be trained. Experiments were carried out using data generated from the original Hodgkin-Huxley model, and results show that a simple two-layer artificial neural network (ANN) architecture trained on a minimal amount of data can learn to model some of the fundamental proprieties of the action potential generation by estimating the model’s rate functions.
InP-based ultrafast optical gate monolithically integrating uni-travelling-carrier photodiode and Mach-Zehnder modulator

A novel InP-based ultrafast optical gate that monolithically integrates a uni-travelling-carrier photodiode and a travelling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator is proposed. Ultrafast operation with a short gate opening time of 5 ps and a high on/off ratio of 12 dB has been experimentally demonstrated.
Assessment of Risks in Automobile Remanufacturing

With the advent of recycling economy era, the automobile remanufacturing industry has aroused wide concern of the society. This paper first proposes a risk map in automobile remanufacturing, including technology risks, market risks, management risks, cost risks, parts supply risks and life cycle synchronization risks. Then, it designs an assessment indicator system of risks in automobile remanufacturing and uses AHP approach to establish a model to assess risks in automobile remanufacturing. Finally, the paper calculation example and proves its correctness and practicality in the empirical analysis section.
A Novel Glycosyltransferase-Related Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Background Ovarian cancer is a highly malignant epithelial tumor. Recently, it has been reported the role of glycosyltransferases (GTs) in various cancers. However, the prognostic value of GTs-related genes in ovarian cancer remained largely unknown. Methods RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and corresponding clinical characteristics of patients with ovarian cancer were extracted from the public database of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). We constructed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model to explore a multigene signature comprising GTs-related genes in the TCGA and GTEx cohort. Patients with ovarian cancer in International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database were applied for further validation. We also performed functional analysis on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of high-risk and low-risk groups in the TCGA cohort. Additionally, the immune status between the two risk groups was assessed, respectively. Results Our results showed that 64 GTs-related genes were differentially expressed between tumor tissues and normal tissues in the TCGA and GTEx cohort. A prognostic model of 15 candidate genes was constructed, which classified patients into high- and low-risk groups. Compared with low-risk patients, high-risk patients had an obvious worse overall survival (OS) (P < 0.0001 in the TCGA and GTEx cohort and P = 0.042 in the ICGC cohort). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk score was an independent factor for OS of ovarian cancer. Functional analysis indicated that these DEGs were also enriched in immune-related pathways, and the immune status was significantly different between the two risk groups in TCGA cohort. Conclusion In conclusion, a novel GTs-related gene signature may be used for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Targeting GTs-related gene can act as a therapeutic alternative for ovarian cancer.