Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Skid-Steered Wheeled Vehicle States Using STUKF with Adaptive Noise Adjustment

Skid-steered wheeled vehicles are commonly adopted in outdoor environments with the benefits of mobility and flexible structure. However, different from Ackerman turning vehicles, skid-steered vehicles do not possess geometric constraint but only dynamic constraint when steered, which leads to motion control and state estimation problems for skid-steered vehicles. The controlling accuracy of a skid-steered vehicle depends largely on feedback state information from sensors and an observer. In this study, a 3-DOF dynamic model using a Brush nonlinear tire model is built, first, to model a 6 × 6 skid-steered wheeled vehicle in flat ground driving conditions. Then, an observer using the unscented Kalman filter with a strong tracking algorithm and adaptive noise matrix adjustment (AN-STUKF) is established to estimate vehicle motion states based on the 3-DOF dynamic model. Finally, the experiment is carried out in three different driving conditions to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed method. The results show that the AN-STUKF method possesses better accuracy and tracking rate than the traditional UKF, and the phenomenon of ICRs shifting forward of the skid-steered wheeled vehicle is also verified.
A study on the bıoactıvıty of plant extracts obtaıned from Arum maculatum leaves by dıfferent extractıon technıques

Arum maculatum is a highly known plant worldwide for traditional use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactivity of the plant extract obtained using different techniques and solutions. Total fenolic, flavonoid components and antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activity of the plant extracts (Boiling in water, fermenting in water and USB in methanol) were investigated. Additionally, oil components of the extracts was analysed in GC-MS. As a result of the GC-MS analysis, 18 different fatty acid were determined. Major fatty acid components of extracts were palmitic acid (19.57%), oleic acid (15.25%), linoleic acid (21.84%) and alpha-linolenic acid (15.95%). The plant extracts were also found to be consisting of omega 3-6-9 fatty acid. The results showed that methanolic extracts in USB is produced better and more effective findings than the other extracts. According to the antimicrobial activity experiments, E. coli and S. aureus were the only strains inhibited by the all extracts obtained three different methods. The highest inhibition was recorded against Bacillus subtilis with USB methanol extracts. The only antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans with extracts obtained by boiling in water. Enzyme inhibition activity was very limited with all extracts. Amylase activity was slightly inhibited (14.1%) up to 30 min.
LPCVD against PECVD for micromechanical applications

After discussion of the basic aspects of CVD and its reaction kinetics LPCVD and PECVD will evolve as techniques commonly used at high temperature and lower temperature , respectively. Films deposited by these two techniques differ in several aspects, i.e., thickness, uniformity, purity, density, electrical properties, adhesion, step coverage, etc. Reactor designs are discussed in brief for optimization of the process parameters to yield optimized film properties. Then each of the major film materials such as polysilicon, SiN, , , SiC and some exotics such as diamond films are discussed with respect to their application in microstructures and their film properties in dependence on the deposition technique and follow-on processing, e.g., internal stresses due to imperfection in structure and composition or clamping, film density, pinhole density, and etchability. The discussion then moves to the application of LPCVD and PECVD in microstructures. A few typical examples will be presented for functional layers: films for membranes, cantilevers, etc in mono- and heterostructures, or ion sensitive films including passivation films as used in many sensors (e.g., microphones) and actuators (e.g., micromotors), especially such as fabricated by surface micromachining. Some room is also given to SiC, a new micromechanical material. A summary and weighting of the two CVD techniques is given.
Computer Application to Estimate PVT Conditions in Oil Wells in the Ecuadorian Amazon

A reservoir behaviour's characterisation is determined by analysing the fluids' physical properties, reported in Pressure, Volume and Temperature (PVT) tests. These tests are performed in the laboratory or are estimated by mathematical correlations with the well's basic properties. The eastern basin of Ecuador is considered a hydrocarbon zone, and the analysis of the physical properties of the fluid from oil wells is essential. The aim is to develop the PVTTESTSYSTEM software to estimate PVT conditions when there are no laboratory tests. The study methodology is based on (i) Compilation of 10 PVT laboratory tests of oil wells in the eastern basin of Ecuador; (ii) Analysis of mathematical correlations; (iii) Development of the PVTTESTSYSTEM software, with the wells' initial conditions' input, selecting the mathematical correlation and estimation of results, based on the relationship of the properties of oil and gas; iv) Comparison of data obtained by laboratory tests and PVTTESTSYSTEM software reports. The software used with a graphical interface presents a registration and login platform and five modules that allow: inserting company and field data, initial oil well data, selecting correlations, calculating PVT properties and generating a graphic report. The results show that the mathematical correlations that estimate PVT properties were systematised, which approximate the laboratory tests' real results. The approximation of the calculated results with the actual results establishes a high confidence level for the PVTTESTSYSTEM software.
Interpretations of Tracer Tests Performed in the Culebra Dolomite at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site

This report provides (1) an overview of all tracer testing conducted in the Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WPP) site, (2) a detailed description of the important information about the 1995-96 tracer tests and the current interpretations of the data, and (3) a summary of the knowledge gained to date through tracer testing in the Culebra. Tracer tests have been used to identify transport processes occurring within the Culebra and quantify relevant parameters for use in performance assessment of the WIPP. The data, especially those from the tests performed in 1995-96, provide valuable insight into transport processes within the Culebra. Interpretations of the tracer tests in combination with geologic information, hydraulic-test information, and laboratory studies have resulted in a greatly improved conceptual model of transport processes within the Culebra. At locations where the transmissivity of the Culebra is low ( 4 x 10{sup -6} m{sup 2}/s), we conceptualize the Culebra as a heterogeneous, layered, fractured medium in which advection occurs largely through fractures and solutes diffuse between fractures and matrix at multiple rates. The variations in diffusion rate can be attributed to both variations in fracture spacing (or the spacing of advective pathways) and matrix heterogeneity. Flow and transport appear to be concentrated in the lower Culebra. At all locations, diffusion is the dominant transport process in the portions of the matrix that tracer does not access by flow.
Unstructured Rotor-Stator Analysis of Axial Turbomachinery Using a Pressure Based Method

An implicit, unstructured, parallel CFD formulation is presented for the analysis of multistage turbomachinery flow fields. The differential model employed is the compressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A cell-centered finite-volume pressure based scheme is employed. The use of hybrid unstructured grids, second order discretization numerics and an interface sliding algorithm enable efficient and accurate resolution of wake decay and wake-blade interaction physics. Specifically, stationary-rotating reference frame interfaces can be easily placed very close to the leading edge of downstream blade rows. Also, a large number of elements can be used to resolve the wake and down-stream blade inlet regions without an attendant increase in the total number of elements associated with block and overset structured mesh schemes. In this paper, details of the CFD formulation and physical modeling are first summarized, with emphasis placed on unstructured, rotor-stator and parallel processing elements. Results are presented for the analyses of a single stage axial turbine and a single stage axial pump, both of which have been the subject of numerous experimental and computational studies.
Simulation of the transient performance of synchronous machines on an a.c. network analyser

In order to make further progress with the solution of multimachine transient problems, it is necessary to augment the facilities of network analysers, the most convenient of the analytical tools available to the power-system engineer. The paper describes a new simulator which enables the symmetrical a.c. transient component of current or voltage of a synchronous machine, subsequent to any 3-phase disturbance, to be obtained. The simulator is based on the duals of equivalent circuits for the direct and quadrature axes of synchronous machines, and is entirely electronic in its operation.Experimental results are given and a comparison is drawn between these and the results obtained by calculation. It is concluded that such a simulator is an essential preliminary step towards a more accurate representation of machines and their associated apparatus, either individually or when interconnected in a power system.
Generating short-term forecasts of the Lithuanian GDP using factor models

This paper focuses on short-term Lithuanian GDP forecasting using a large monthly dataset. The forecasting accuracy of various factor model specifications is assessed using the out-of-sample forecasting exercise. It is argued that factor extraction by using a simple principal components method might lead to a loss of important information related GDP forecasting, therefore, other methods should be also considered. Performance of several factor models, which relate the factor extraction step to GDP forecasting, was tested. The effect of using weighted principal components model, with weights depending on variables’ absolute correlation with GDP, was explored in greater detail. Although factor models performed better than naive benchmark forecast for GDP nowcasting and 1 quarter ahead forecasting, we were unable to set up the ranking among different factor model specifications. We also find that a small scale factor model with 5 variables (which could be regarded as the most important monthly variables for GDP nowcasting) is able to nowcast GDP better than models with a full data set of 52 variables, which might indicate that for the case of the Lithuanian economy, a smaller scale factor models may be more suitable.
Effect of Ferrofluid on the Performance and Emission Patterns of a Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

Experimental tests were carried out to investigate the effects of adding water-based ferrofluid to diesel fuel in a diesel engine. These effects included the combustion performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the diesel engine. To this end, emulsified diesel fuels of 0, 0.4, and 0.8 ferrofluid/diesel ratios by volume were used in a four-stroke diesel engine, operating at 2200 rpm. The results indicate that adding ferrofluid to diesel fuel has a perceptible effect on engine performance, increasing the brake thermal efficiency relatively up to 12% and decreasing the brake-specific fuel consumption relatively up to 11% as compared to diesel fuel. Furthermore, from the analysis of gaseous species of engine exhaust, it was found that NO x emissions were lower than that of diesel fuel while the CO emissions increased. In addition, it was found that nanoparticles can be collected at the exhaust flow using a magnetic bar.
Transmission and Receiver Double Smoothing for Multitarget Localization in MIMO Radar

The received echo signals from different targets are considered as coherent in the MIMO radar. In order to improve the performance of direction estimation of multiple targets in lower SNR for MIMO radar, a new algorithm termed Transmission and Receiver Double Smoothing (TRDS) is proposed. Compared with the Transmission Diversity Smoothing algorithm, TRDS can deal with more targets in lower SNR with higher resolution. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show the proposed method is effective.
Stoichiometric constraints modulate the effects of temperature and nutrients on biomass distribution and community stability

Temperature and nutrients are two of the most important drivers of global change. Both can modify the elemental composition (i.e. stoichiometry) of primary producers and consumers. Yet their combined effect on the stoichiometry, dynamics, and stability of ecological communities remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we extended the Rosenzweig-MacArthur consumer-resource model by including thermal dependencies, nutrient dynamics, and stoichiometric constraints on both the primary producer and the consumer. We found that stoichiometric constraints dampen the paradox of enrichment and increased persistence at high nutrient levels. Nevertheless, they also reduced consumer persistence at extreme temperatures. Finally, we also found that stoichiometric constraints can strongly influence biomass distribution across trophic levels by modulating consumer assimilation efficiency and resource growth rates along the environmental gradients. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for stoichiometric constraints as they can mediate the temperature and nutrient impact on the dynamics and functioning of ecological communities.
Mapping the sex determination region in the Salix F1 hybrid common parent population confirms a ZW system in six diverse species

Within the genus Salix, there are approximately 350 species native primarily to the northern hemisphere and adapted to a wide range of habitats. This diversity can be exploited to mine novel alleles conferring variation important for production as a bioenergy crop, but also to identify evolutionarily important genes, such as those involved in sex determination. To leverage this diversity, we created a mapping population by crossing six Salix species (S. viminalis, S. suchowensis, S. integra, S. koriyanagi, S. udensis, and S. alberti) to common male and female S. purpurea parents. Each family was genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing and assessed for kinship and population structure as well as the construction of 16 backcross linkage maps to be used as a genetic resource for breeding and selection. Analyses of population structure resolved both the parents and F1 progeny to their respective phylogenetic section and indicated that the S. alberti parent was misidentified and was most likely S. suchowensis. Sex determining regions were identified on Salix chromosome 15 in the female-informative maps for seven of the eight families indicating that these species share a common female heterogametic ZW sex system. The eighth family, S. integra × S. purpurea, was entirely female and had a truncated chromosome 15. Beyond sex determination, the Salix F1 hybrid common parent population (Salix F1 HCP) introduced here will be useful in characterizing genetic factors underlying complex traits, aid in marker-assisted selection, and support genome assemblies for this promising bioenergy crop.
Comparison of Risk Taking in Moped and Motorcycle Crashes

Risk taking in motorcycling includes deliberately not following road rules (including excessive speeding and performing stunts), unlicensed riding, riding while impaired by drugs and alcohol, and riding without a helmet. Motor scooters and mopeds, however, are less capable of extreme speeds and stunts and may therefore attract riders with safer attitudes and behaviors. Their use for commuting may also limit opportunities for risk taking. Some European studies have reported higher crash risks for mopeds and scooters than for other motorcycles, but others disagree. This study aims to examine the role of risk taking in moped crashes compared with motorcycle crashes by presenting the results of analyses of police-reported crashes in Queensland, Australia, focusing on markers for risk taking such as vehicle most at fault, alcohol involvement, excessive speed, nonuse of helmets, and unlicensed riding. Risk taking in terms of alcohol involvement and excessive speed was more common in single- than in multivehicle crashes. Alcohol involvement was associated with excessive speed, nonuse of helmets, and unlicensed riding. There were few differences in risk-taking behaviors between moped and motorcycle riders. Excessive speed was less common in moped crashes, but this finding may reflect vehicle performance limitations as much as a decision not to speed.
State-of-the-Art Challenges and Perspectives in Multi-Organ Cancer Diagnosis via Deep Learning-Based Methods

Simple Summary Cancer is a deadly disease that needs to be diagnose at early stage to increase patient survival rate. Multi-organ (such as breast, brain, lung, and skin) cancer detection, segmentation and classification manually using medical imaging is time consuming and required high expertise. In this study, we summarize existing deep learning segmentation and classification methods for multi-organ cancer diagnosis and provide future challenges with possible solutions. This review may benefit researchers to design new robust approaches that could be useful for the medical specialists as a second view. Abstract Thus far, the most common cause of death in the world is cancer. It consists of abnormally expanding areas that are threatening to human survival. Hence, the timely detection of cancer is important to expanding the survival rate of patients. In this survey, we analyze the state-of-the-art approaches for multi-organ cancer detection, segmentation, and classification. This article promptly reviews the present-day works in the breast, brain, lung, and skin cancer domain. Afterwards, we analytically compared the existing approaches to provide insight into the ongoing trends and future challenges. This review also provides an objective description of widely employed imaging techniques, imaging modality, gold standard database, and related literature on each cancer in 2016–2021. The main goal is to systematically examine the cancer diagnosis systems for multi-organs of the human body as mentioned. Our critical survey analysis reveals that greater than 70% of deep learning researchers attain promising results with CNN-based approaches for the early diagnosis of multi-organ cancer. This survey includes the extensive discussion part along with current research challenges, possible solutions, and prospects. This research will endow novice researchers with valuable information to deepen their knowledge and also provide the room to develop new robust computer-aid diagnosis systems, which assist health professionals in bridging the gap between rapid diagnosis and treatment planning for cancer patients.
Designing sequence with low sidelobe levels at specified intervals based on PSD fitting

A new approach for designing a sequence that has very low autocorrelation sidelobe levels at specified intervals is proposed. The synthesised autocorrelation function is defined for denoting the autocorrelation properties, and the design problem is formulated as a power spectral density (PSD) fitting problem. In this way, a simple optimisation objective function is obtained and an iterative optimisation technique is applied. The proposed approach is computationally efficient and can generate a sequence with autocorrelation sidelobes that are practically zero at the required lag intervals.
Investigation of Salmonella spp. in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Southern Rio Grande do Sul

Salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella and is considered the main foodborne disease in humans. It is associated with the consumption of poultry, eggs, raw meat, and dairy (Gast, 2008; De Carli et al., 2017). Salmonella spp. are highly pathogenic, infecting humans and a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. The main factor that maintains these pathogens in the environment is carrier animals. Transmission occurs both horizontally and vertically (De Carli et al., 2017).
Use of the discrete fourier transform in the measurement of frequencies and levels of tones

This paper considers the application of a digital computer and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) techniques to the measurement of signals known to comprise only single-frequency tones. We discuss the use of weighting functions to improve the effective selectivity of a measurement system that estimates the frequencies and levels of tones from the coefficients of their DFT. We present three classes of weighting functions which may be used to improve the inherent accuracy of such a system. The form of the weighting functions was chosen to minimize the amount of computer memory required, without using too much computer time. Several formulas are derived for estimating the frequency and level of a tone from its DFT coefficients. We chose the formulas to minimize computation time. Simulation results indicate that, through the use of a proper weighting function, a DFT measurement system that uses 512 samples taken at a sampling frequency of 7040 Hz can be designed so that the maximum error in the frequency estimates of two tones near 1000 Hz and separated by approximately 50 Hz is about 0.03 Hz. The corresponding maximum error in the level estimate is on the order of 0.03 dB.
Effect of caustic-treated linseed on the composition of cow's milk

In ruminant diets, whole oilseeds are potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, because they are protected by the intact seed pericarp, may escape rumen biohydrogenation (Murphy et. al., 1990). Some seed coats are highly resistant to microbial and enzymic digestion and seed lipids may therefore be poorly degraded. Mild chemical treatment of oilseeds with sodium hydroxide has been suggested as a way to allow only limited ruminal lipid digestion but more extensive intestinal digestion of seed lipids (Aldrich et. al., 1997). Such treatments may allow the manipulation of milk composition by strategic use of selected oilseeds. Linseed is rich in C18:3n-3, an essential component of a healthy human diet which is normally only present at low levels in cows milk. This study evaluated the effect of inclusion of caustic-treated linseed in dairy cow rations on the protein, fat and fatty acid composition of milk