Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the detection of defects on smooth free metallic paint surfaces

In view of the difficulty of automatic detection of defects on smooth free metallic paint surfaces, a simple and effective automatic detection system based on deflection principle is proposed in this paper. This system consists of cameras and a set of striped lights. A series of images can be acquired at a certain frequency by camera. And the detection algorithm is divided into three steps. In the first step, the square-difference fusion method and minimum fusion method are used to fuse a group of the standard images to obtain two fusion images, which are used to extract the ROI and partial template. In the second step, partial template is used to perform template matching and correction on the fusion images. In the last step, extraction of mask, extraction of defects, and screening of defects are performed on the corrected fusion image to extract defects. To detect complex metallic paint surfaces of the car, the experimental results demonstrate that the defects detection accuracy can reach 85% and the defect recognition size can reach 0.1mm.
How bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Coleoptera, Bruchinae) larvae die on legume seeds

BackgroundThe host specificity and the range of possible wild and cultivated hosts of the dry bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), a seed predator of beans, is poorly known. In addition, female oviposition preference and larval performance relationship is complicated by the respective importance of seed coat and cotyledon, because, on the one hand, paradoxically, females lay eggs on the basis of stimuli of the seed coat alone, without directly being able to assess the quality of cotyledon’s suitability for larval development. On the other, the thickness of seed coat may prevent first instar larvae from entering the seeds, even if cotyledons were suitable for development.ResultsThe seeds of 62 leguminous species and 82 accessions occurring in Hungary were tested in no-choice tests for egg-laying. The ability of first instar larvae to overcome seed coat, as a physical barrier, was measured with intact seed coat, whereas drilled seed coats allowed assessing the suitability of cotyledon for development. Seeds of 18 species (35% of them Lathyrus) supported larval development to adults, if the seed coat was drilled, however, only nine produced adults, if the seed coat was intact. Seed coats thicker than 0.1 mm could be an obstacle for first instar larvae. There was no overall positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance, with the exception of 16 so-called acceptable non-hosts (Kendall’s τ = 0.3088). Bean weevil females also demonstrated an ovipositional hierarchy of legume species even in no-choice tests.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that whereas the use of some acceptable non-host species by the bean weevil is possible in seed stores, the same is unlikely under outdoor conditions, because it requires the recognition of basically different oviposition substrates (pods).
Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically Pretreated Swine Wastewater in an Intermittent Aeration Process

Intermittent aeration (IA) process was investigated for nitrogen removal from anaerobically pretreated swine wastewater (APTSW) that contained a high concentration of ammonium (average 265 mgNH4- N/l) and a low sCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)/N ratio (average 1.4). Nitrogen removal from the APTSW was achieved through nitrification and denitrification in a single, semi-continuously fed reactor that was operated with alternation of aeration and non-aeration at room temperature (23oC). To optimize the IA process, different Aeration:Non-Aeration (ANA) ratios and cycle lengths were used in the reactors as follows: Reactor A, l hour : 1 hour; Reactor B, 1 hour : 3 hours; Reactor C, 0.5 hour : 1.5 hours; Reactor D, 0.5 hour : 2 hour; Reactor E, 1 hour : 4 hours; Reactor F, 1 hour : 5 hours; and Reactor G, 1 hour : 6 hours. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and mean cell residence time (MCRT) for the reactors were 3 and 20 days, respectively. Over 79 % ammonium was removed in all of the reactors. The reactor with the highest ANA ratio (Reactor A) achieved the highest NH3-N removal (99%), while the reactor with the longest non-aeration period (Reactor F) achieved the highest total nitrogen removal (83%). It was found that nitrogen removal was achieved through nitrate denitrification in Reactors A, B, C, and D, but it was via nitrite reduction in Reactors E and F. The high nitrogen removal efficiency indicated that the required organic carbon must have been obtained from the solubilization of solids contained in the influent or from microbial decay byproducts. The substantially higher denitrification rates observed in Reactors E and F were likely due to the decreased sCOD requirements for nitrogen removal via nitrite versus those required via nitrate.
Savings Goal Calendars as Soft Commitment Devices: Evidence from Small Business Owners in Uganda

This study examines the effect of a soft commitment device in the form of a savings goal calendar on savings for small business owners in Kampala, Uganda. We run a randomized controlled trial (RCT) under which the treatment group receives a calendar designed to set savings goals and to make a plan to reach this goal. The control group is given a plain calendar. We find no average effect on savings, but show that present-biased individuals save more when given the calendar. Further examinations indicate that present-biased individuals are more likely to use the calendar, suggesting that, in line with theory, present-biased individuals have a demand.
Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts

The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree native to Mexico and Guatemala. Avocado consumption, fresh or in the form of processed products, is growing everywhere and it has caused a large number of countries to invest heavily in avocado production. The industrialization of avocado gives as a result a huge amount of waste, not only the peel and stone but also that waste generated by the pruning practices and oil extraction. These biomasses could be converted into raw materials to obtain different types of co-products, but this implies changes in the use of these resources, the design of efficient production systems, and integration to take full advantage of them, e.g., by developing biorefinery models. Therefore, this review firstly gives a snapshot of those residues generated in the avocado industry and provides their chemical composition. Secondly, this review presents updated information about the valorization ways of avocado-derived biomass to obtain bioenergy, biofuels, and other marketable products (starch, protein, phenolic compounds, and biosorbents, among others) using a single process or integrated processes within a biorefinery context. Green technologies to obtain these products are also covered, e.g., based on the application of microwaves, ultrasound, supercritical fluids, etc. As a conclusion, there is a variety of ways to valorize avocado waste in single processes, but it would be promising to develop biorefinery schemes. This would enable the avocado sector to move towards the zero-waste principle.
Nontransparent Compound Character Learning in L2 Chinese: Does Radical Awareness Always Work?

Chinese character learning requires various reading subskills, such as radical awareness and character knowledge. Radical awareness refers to learners’ ability to identify, analyze, and apply semantic radicals in compound characters. Previous studies have shown that radical awareness and character knowledge facilitate learning semantically transparent characters. Yet, little is known regarding whether radical awareness plays an active role in the meaning retention for nontransparent characters. The meanings of transparent characters, such as “河” (river) containing the radical “氵” (water), are related to the semantic category of the radicals within the characters, whereas the meanings of nontransparent characters, such as “淑” (kind and gentle) with the same radical “氵,” are not directly related to the radicals. To fill these gaps, this study included 39 L2 Chinese learners at one American university. They completed one character-learning session, and five radical-related and character-related tasks. The results suggested that radical awareness did not positively affect the meaning retention for nontransparent characters when learners’ character knowledge was controlled. In addition, character knowledge was a moderator, which shaped the relationship between radical awareness and character retention. Pedagogical implications for the understanding of L2 Chinese compound character learning are discussed.
The Concept of Global Competencies of Corporations in the Context of a Global Mindset

Purpose: The main scientific purpose of this article is to present a proposition of a resourcebased approach to the competencies of global organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve the main goal of the article, theoretical literature review was chosen, in particular argumentative review, which could introduce problems, but certainly constitute the introduction to in-depth research, also empirical. Findings: The conducted research presented is a starting point for a thought process which, first of all, negates analysing the category of competencies in terms of an organization and, secondly, initiates a discussion in the literature concerning subsequent elements of the proposed set of characteristics, at the same time laying the groundwork for further empirical research. Practical Implications: The practical business implications concern mostly the necessity of changing organizational competencies, which should be done in a very short time in XXI century, in order to ensure a high degree of co-ordination, integration, specialization, and as a consequence – gaining a competitive advantage and competitiveness. Originality/value: In the article we propose an original set of competencies of global organizations resulting from the examination of the literature, developed on the basis of the RBV and leading to a global mindset which seems to be the only rational approach, especially in the light of the concept of strategizing and return to the empowerment of organizations.
Blend membranes from carboxymethylated chitosan/alginate in aqueous solution

The blend membranes were satisfactorily prepared by coagulating a mixture of O-carboxymethylated chitosan (CM-chitosan) and alginate in aqueous solution with 5 wt % CaCl2, and then by treating with 1 wt % HCl aqueous solution. Their structure and miscibility were characterized by scanning electron micrograph, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, differential thermal analysis, and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the blends were miscible, when the weight ratio of CM-chitosan to alginate was in the range from 1 : 1 to 1 : 5. The polymers interpenetration including a Ca2+ crosslinked bridge occurred in the blend membrane, and leads to high separation factor for pervaporation separation of alcohol/water and low permeation. The tensile strength in the wet state (σb = 192 kg cm−2 for CM-chitosan/alginate 1 : 1) and thermostability of the blend membranes were significantly superior to that of alginic acid membrane, and cellulose/alginate blend membranes, owing to a strong electrostatic interaction caused by —NH2 groups of CM-chitosan with —COOH groups of algic acid. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 610–616, 2000
Comparison of NCEP-CFSR and CMADS for Hydrological Modelling Using SWAT in the Muda River Basin, Malaysia

Identification of reliable alternative climate input data for hydrological modelling is important to manage water resources and reduce water-related hazards in ungauged or poorly gauged basins. This study aims to evaluate the capability of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP-CFSR) and China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Dataset for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) for simulating streamflow in the Muda River Basin (MRB), Malaysia. The capability was evaluated in two perspectives: (1) the climate aspect—validation of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures from 2008 to 2014; and (2) the hydrology aspect—comparison of the accuracy of SWAT modelling by the gauge station, NCEP-CFSR and CMADS products. The results show that CMADS had a better performance than NCEP-CFSR in the climate aspect, especially for the temperature data and daily precipitation detection capability. For the hydrological aspect, the gauge station had a “very good” performance in a monthly streamflow simulation, followed by CMADS and NCEP-CFSR. In detail, CMADS showed an acceptable performance in SWAT modelling, but some improvements such as bias correction and further SWAT calibration are needed. In contrast, NCEP-CFRS had an unacceptable performance in validation as it dramatically overestimated the low flows of MRB and contains time lag in peak flows estimation.
Unmodified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Sorbent Material in Flow Injection on-Line Sorbent Extraction Preconcentration System for Cadmium Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Unmodified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were demonstrated as hydrophobic sorbent material for flow injection on-line microcolumn preconcentration coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for cadmium determination in natural water samples. The method was based on on-line chelate complex formation between the analyte with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and retention onto the surface of MWCNTs. Quantitative elution of the analyte was achieved with methanol which was whereupon delivered to the FAAS nebulizer for atomization and measurement. The microcolumn was packed with a mixture of MWCNTs and silica beads in order to minimize the generated back-pressure in the flow system which arises from the nano dimensions of MWCNTs. All factors affecting the performance of the proposed method were studied thoroughly. For a 180 s preconcentration time the enhancement factor was 54, the detection limit (3s) was 0.24 µg L−1, and the precision as relative standard deviation at a 5.0 µg L−1 Cd(II) concentration level was 3.2%. The method was applied to the analysis of environmental water samples and the accuracy evaluated via certified reference material and recovery experiments.
Research on Organization Name Matching Based on Word Vector

Organization names usually exist in the form of abbreviations, aliases, etc. in daily use, which brings great difficulties to online search and matching in the Internet era. Through extensive analysis of Chinese organization name data and research on word embedding technology based on neural network, this paper proposes a BERT model based on organization name field data training to achieve organization name matching. The experimental results show that the accuracy is improved by 17% compared with the method based on edit distance.
Steady natural convection heat and mass transfer flow through a vertical porous channel with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity

The present article studies the effects of suction/injection and variable physical properties on steady natural convection flow through a vertical channel. The investigation was done analytically using Differential Transformation Method (DTM). The variability in viscosity and thermal conductivity are considered linear function of temperature. The governing equations are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Results obtained were compared with exact solution when some of the flow conditions were relaxed and results from DTM show an excellent agreement with the exact solution which was obtained analytically. The influence of the flow parameters on fluid temperature, concentration, and velocity are presented graphically and discussed for variations of the governing parameters. From the course of investigation, it was found that an increase in suction (S > 0) through the heated plate causes fluid temperature, velocity as well as concentration to decrease. However, an increase in injection causes heat transfer rate as well as skin friction at the heated plate to decrease.
HPLC-Based Method for Estimating the Temperature Dependence of n-Octanol−Water Partition Coefficients

Retention time measurements on reversed phase HPLC-columns over a 50 K temperature range are used to estimate the enthalpy of octanol−water phase transfer ΔOWH for 38 organic compounds of environmental relevance, including selected chlorinated benzenes (CBzs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and biphenyls (PCBs). Literature KOW values as a function of temperature for CBzs served as a reference. ΔOWH for these compounds range from 13 to 32 kJ/mol, confirming a relatively minor temperature dependence of their partitioning between water and octanol. For the chlorinated aromatics a strong linear relationship between ΔOWH and molar volume was observed. The temperature-dependent retention volumes are also used to estimate KOW of selected PCNs and PAHs at 25 °C.
Teaching Statistical Concepts and Modern Data Analysis With a Computing-Integrated Learning Environment

ABSTRACT Revisiting the seminal 2010 Nolan and Temple Lang article on the role of computing in the statistics curricula, we discuss several trends that have emerged over the last ten years. The rise of data science has coincided with a broadening audience for learning statistics and using computational packages and tools. It has also increased the need for communication skills. We argue that, for most of this audience, instruction should focus on foundational concepts and the early introduction of different types of data and modern methods through the use of interactive learning environments without programming prerequisites. We then describe Integrated Statistics Learning Environment (ISLE), a web-based e-learning platform and lesson authoring framework for teaching statistics. Built on top of computing and peer-to-peer technology, the platform allows collaborative data analysis and real-time interactions in the classroom. We describe how ISLE contributes to the three key Nolan and Temple Lang components: broadening the statistical computing curriculum, deepening computational reasoning and literacy, and expanding computing with data in the practice of statistics. We then present several advantages of using a computing-integrated environment such as ISLE, including promoting (cross-disciplinary) communication, supporting classroom-focused integrated development environments, and advancing the science of data science.
The Determination Analysis Of Telecommunications Customers Potential Cross-Selling With Classification Naive Bayes And C4.5

Every company has various marketing strategies. Marketing strategies are offered to sell the company’s products to benefit if the company introduces new products. However, too many offers to customers that are not true, will only make marketing inefficient and ineffective. Data mining as a way to find patterns and relationships in data can be used to make valid predictions. To simplify the marketing strategy of PT. TELKOM then classifies the data that already exists in PT. TELKOM Jakarta. Telkom customers have the potential to become customers of new Indihome products, so marketing is carried out by PT. TELKOM has become more effective and efficient. By using data mining classification methods, namely the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm and the C4.5 algorithm, patterns and relationships are obtained to simplify the marketing strategy of PT. TELKOM where in previous research, the results of classification of data mining research models with the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm have an accuracy value of 85.08% and AUC 0.841 while in this study the C4.5 algorithm has an accuracy value of 88.61% and AUC 0.870. C4.5 is a model with good accuracy for customer classification data that has the potential for more effective and efficient in cross-selling marketing strategy.
Riesgos en las Microfinanzas: Una revisión y análisis Bibliométrico*

Las estrategias de recuperacion en las microfinanzas no son las mas acertadas. Algunas de las respuestas a estos desaciertos son los riesgos sociales. El tema se ha investigado por mas de 25 anos dejando muchos interrogantes hasta la actualidad. El objetivo de este articulo es presentar una revision bibliometrica y sistematica de los Riesgos en las Microfinanzas, con plataformas como Bibliometrix y Gephi. Se hicieron consultas en bases de datos como WoS y Scopus, que permitieron una clasificacion de documentos en tres categorias segun su trascendencia; clasicos, estructurales y recientes; adicional, se realiza un analisis de cocitaciones mostrando resultados en cuatro diferentes enfoques: Instituciones, Prevencion de VIH/SIDA, Credito y Desarrollo de Genero. Concluyendo el incumplimiento de los propositos microfinancieros.
Design and application of learner emotion recognition for classroom

The emotion recognition of learners in the classroom plays an important role in improving classroom efficiency. At present, the recognition methods based on traditional image processing generally have problems such as low recognition accuracy, difficulty in feature extraction. In order to effectively solve the above problems, a deep learning-based method is proposed to perform emotion recognition for learners. This method first replaces the DarkNet-53 of YOLO v3 by introducing the convolution structure of MobileNet, which makes the model lighter and reduces the parameters. Then improve the loss function of the model by using GIoU loss. Finally, K-means clustering algorithm is used to obtain an anchor suitable for the emotion recognition scene on the self-made dataset. Thus, a high-accuracy and lightweight learner emotion recognition model ER_YOLO is obtained. Experimental results show that the improved model mAP increased by 4%, F1 score increased by 3.2%, detection time reduced by 1/3, and parameters reduced by 1/10.
Automatic detection for calcium leaching of dam concrete based on DeepLabv3+

Long-termly resistance to upstream water, dam concrete is prone to calcium leaching. It will lead to lesions of the concrete and gradual attenuation of strength, impermeability and frost resistance, thus reducing the durability and service life of the structure and even threatening the safe operation of the dam. At present, the concrete leached calcium is mainly checked by the workforce, but it is time-consuming, inefficient, and hard to quantitatively evaluate, such as the area of leached calcium. A semantic segmentation method based on the DeepLabv3+ with ResNet50v2 backbone is proposed to identify the calcium leaching of dam concrete automatically. The calcium-leached concrete data set is established, including 94 high-resolution images in dam corridors to verify the method. The results indicated that the DeepLabv3+ model finally reaches 0.72 mIoU on the test set, which is a practical way to detect calcium leaching of dam concrete.