Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental determination of Thorium partitioning between monazite and xenotime using analytical electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis

The Thorium distribution between monazite and xenotime has been determined experimentally using the coupled substitution Th + Si=REE + P. Experiments have been conducted in standard cold seal hydrothermal and internally heated pressure vessels at 200MPa in the range of 600-1100°C. Starting mixtures were prepared from gels composed of equal amounts of CePO4 and YPO4 with addition of 10, 20 and 50 mol%ThSiO4. The grain sizes of the run products were in the range of a few microns. Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) methods were applied to obtain reliable chemical compositions of the reaction products. Lattice parameters of run products were determined using Rietveld analysis. For runs with 10 and 20 mol% ThSiO4 component in the bulk the ThSiO4 component distributes almost exclusively into monazite at all temperatures. The amount of the YPO4 component in monazite increases relative to the Th-free system if significant amounts of ThSiO4 are present within the structure. ThSiO4 favours incorporation of YPO4 resulting in a shift of the monazite limb and the shrinkage of the monazite-xenotime miscibility gap in the CePO4-YPO4-ThSiO4 ternary diagram. Thermometric calculations based on monazite-xenotime equilibria must be corrected for this effect. For runs with 50 mol% ThSiO4 in the bulk, thorite formed as an additional phase at 600 to 900°C but was absent at higher temperatures. At high Xbulk ThSiO4 and low T, the system is three-phase. The three-phase stability field strongly shrinks with increasing temperature. A tentative phase diagram of the ternary system CePO4-YPO4-ThSiO4 is proposed and discussed in the light of monazite-xenotime-thorite-bearing assemblages in natural rocks.
Reactions of 4‐(Dicyanomethylene)‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one Towards Amines and Phenols

3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-4,5-dione condenses readily with malononitrile in refluxing ethanol to yield 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-4,5-dione condenses readily with malononitrile in refluxing ethanol to yield 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. Compound 4 readily reacts with aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines to yield 4-substituted (aminocyanomethylene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones. o-Substituted arylamines afford also 4-substituted (arylcyanomethylene) pyrazolones, which readily cyclize to give the 4-azolylidene pyrazolones 9a-c. Secondary and tertiary amines and activated phenols condense with 4 by hydrogen cyanide elimination
Urea Photosynthesis from Inorganic Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds Using TiO2 as Photocatalyst

Urea was successfully synthesized by illuminating size-quantized TiO2 nanocrystals (Q-TiO2) immobilized in polyvinylpyrrolidinone gel film in CO2-saturated propylene carbonate containing NO3- and 2-propanol, the latter of which served as a hole scavenger. Commercially available TiO2 (Degussa P-25) also showed activities for the urea photosynthesis, though the production rate of urea was lower. The use of HCOOH or CO in place of CO2 also yielded urea. The same was true for the replacement of the nitrogen source from NO3- to NH2OH or NO. The urea production was accompanied by production of other reduction products such as NH4+ and methanol, but their amounts were largely influenced by the kind of reaction substrates used. The sum of quantum efficiencies obtained for the reduction products showed good accordance with the quantum efficiency obtained for the sole oxidation product of acetone.
Educator as Researcher: The Use of Action Research to Explore Effects of Teachers’ Corrective Feedback on Students’ Microteaching Exercise in College of Education in Nigeria

This study examined action research with a view to identifying the importance of using it in teacher education research. The study could be helpful to teacher educators in identifying the student teachers’ difficulties in microteaching. It will also assist in finding out student teachers’ attitudes towards teacher’s corrective feedback. In other to involve learners in the construction of their learning, this study outline will assist teacher education researchers in finding out from student teachers’ perspectives, the good practice of teachers’ corrective feedback. It will also aim at checking the relationship between teachers’ feedback and students’ microteaching. Keywords: microteaching, action research, feedback, ethical considerations DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-23-07 Publication date : August 31 st 2019
Equation of state for fluid hydrogen‐isotopes H2, D2, and T2 up to their freezing points at 300 K

The calculations of the P‐V isotherms of fluid hydrogen isotopes H2, D2, and T2 up to their freezing pressures around 55 kbar at 300 K have been performed by using the modified hard‐sphere variational perturbation theory with a quantum correction for four kinds of intermolecular potentials. The results by the use of the potentials of Silvera‐Goldman and Nellis et al. agreed well with the experimental equation of state. The quantum pressures (ΔP) were estimated as a function of volume for H2, D2, and T2 at 300 and 200 K, and the dependences of ΔP on volume, molecular mass, and temperature were discussed.
Fully indium-free flexible Ag nanowires/ZnO:F composite transparent conductive electrodes with high haze

Solution-processed metal nanowires (NWs) and Earth-abundant doped ZnO have been proposed to replace the most widely used indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent and conductive electrode. Generally, there is a dilemma, the trade-off between optical transparency and conductivity for these materials taken alone makes them difficult to compete with commercial ITO. In this work, a modified polyol synthesis method was adopted to grow single-crystal silver nanowire with controlled length by adding AgNO3 solution in advance and using high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Ag nanowires ink was then spin coated onto flexible PET substrate to form Ag NW mesh, which shows impressive transparent and conductive (TC) property with sheet resistance of 23 Ω sq−1 and transmittance of 90.4% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A post fluorine-doped ZnO (FZO) layer was then deposited by pulsed laser deposition method to improve the TC, stability and mechanical property. High-quality Ag NW/FZO composite electrode was finally acquired at room temperature after optimizing the Ag NW length, concentration in suspension, and FZO layer thickness, with transmittance of 83% at wavelength of 550 nm, sheet resistance of 17 Ω sq−1, and high haze of 36.5%. Perovskite solar cells incorporating such Ag NW/FZO composite electrode exhibited a better cell performance compared to the similar FTO-based perovskite solar cells.
Comparison of Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt and Modified Mehlich Buffer Tests for Lime Requirement on Pennsylvania Soils

Abstract The Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt (SMP) buffer test is commonly used in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States to determine the lime requirement (LR) of acid soils. The buffer contains potassium chromate, a carcinogen, and all waste must be collected for disposal in a hazardous waste facility. An alternative to the SMP buffer is the Mehlich buffer. Although the Mehlich buffer contains barium chloride (BaCl2), also a hazardous and regulated compound, calcium chloride (CaCl2) has been shown to be an effective substitute. The goal of this study was to compare the SMP buffer and the modified Mehlich buffer (CaCl2 substituted for BaCl2) for estimating LR on PA soils and to determine if the modified Mehlich buffer could provide an effective alternative to the SMP test. Twenty‐two agriculturally important Pennsylvania soils with pH values ranging from 4.5 to 6.4 were collected, and the actual LR of each soil was determined by incubating soils for 3 months with calcium carbonate. The modified Mehlich buffer was a more accurate predictor of the lime required to raise soils to either pH 6.5 (r2=0.92) or 7.0 (r2=0.87) in comparison to the SMP buffer (r2=0.87 and 0.82, respectively). Comparison of calibration equations for Mehlich buffer versus lime requirement derived in this study were similar to those developed on soils from other states and geographic regions.
Correcting soil acidity of a highly weathered ultisol with chicken manure and sewage sludge

Abstract The seriousness of soil acidity and the unavailability of “conventional”; liming materials in many developing countries necessitate a search for alternatives. With this goal in mind, the liming potential of two organic manures was investigated. The investigation was conducted in the greenhouse, using a highly weathered, acid Ultisol. Application rates were 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg‐1 for chicken manure and 20 g kg‐1 for sewage sludge. Treatments of Ca(OH)2 at 2, 4, 6, and 8 cmolckg‐1, were included for comparison. Based on growth response of Desmodium intortum, a tropical forage legume with a relatively high Ca requirement and low Al tolerance, it was demonstrated that soil acidity can be corrected by either Ca(OH)2 or organic manure additions. Both lime and manures raised soil pH and inactivated Al. In terms of pH increases, 5 and 10 g chicken manure kg‐1 were equivalent to 3.4 and 6.7 cmolckg‐1; and 20 g sludge kg‐1, equivalent to 6.5 cmolckg‐1 as Ca(OH)2. The manures also detoxified soluble Al.
The Effect of Asphaltenes, Naphthenic Acids, and Polymeric Inhibitors on the Pour Point of Paraffins Solutions

The influence of asphaltenes and naphthenic acids on wax appearance temperature (WAT), wax crystals morphology, and pour point was estimated for solutions of a commercial paraffin sample dissolved in a solvents mixture. In addition, the performance of copolymers obtained by modification of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers as organic deposition inhibitors (ODI) also was studied. Asphaltenes reduced the pour point and this effect increased with the increase in the asphaltenes concentration, indicating that asphaltenes interact with the paraffins to form particles with a different interaction profile. The observation of the wax crystals using optical microscopy revealed that in the absence of additives the solid wax particles form a homogeneous mass, evenly distributed throughout the whole sample having a plane lamellar structure which favor aggregation. When asphaltenes were incorporated, the particles were smaller and less well defined. At higher asphaltenes concentrations, dark particles whose surface resembled asphaltenes also were observed. Naphthenic acids caused a small increase in the pour point and when both fractions, asphaltenes and naphthenic acids, were added together, the asphaltenes seem to have their pour point reduction effect depressed. The ODI presented some efficiency as pour point reducers but, in the presence of asphaltenes, this efficiency was largely enhanced suggesting that beside the alteration of the particles an efficient dispersion mechanism is also necessary to inhibit the aggregation of the wax particles.
Studies on the Flavor of Green Tea:Part VIII. Further Investigation of Flavor Constituents in Manufactured Green Tea

Intermediate and high boiling compounds in green tea flavor (pan-firing process) have been isolated by distillation, silica-gel column chromatography and gas chromatography. Identification of these compounds was carried out using gas chromatography, mass spec trometry and infrared spectrometry. 4-Ethylguaiacol, cadinenol, nerolidol, 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-octatriene-3-ol, 3,5-octadiene 2-one ƒ¿and ƒÀ-ionone, indole, and dibutylphthalate have been newly identified as the constituents in green tea flavor. The fraction which contributed most to the green tea flavor was composed of the former six compounds together with linalool, acetophenone and three important but unidentified compounds.
Benchmarking the completely renormalised equation-of-motion coupled-cluster approaches for vertical excitation energies

The vertical excitation energies for a comprehensive test set of about 150 singlet excited states of 28 medium-sized organic molecules computed using two variants of the completely renormalised (CR) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) method with singles, doubles, and non-iterative triples, abbreviated as δ-CR-EOMCCSD(T), and the analogous two variants of the newer, left-eigenstate δ-CR-EOMCC(2,3) approach are benchmarked against the previously published CASPT2, CC3, and EOMCCSDT-3 results, as well as the suggested theoretical best estimate (TBE) values. The δ-CR-EOMCC approaches are also used to identify and characterise about 50 additional excited states, including several states having substantial two-electron excitation components, which have not been found in the previous work and which can be used in future benchmark studies. It is demonstrated that the non-iterative triples corrections to the EOMCCSD excitation energies defining the relatively inexpensive, single-reference, black-box δ-CR-EOMCC approaches provide significant improvements in the EOMCCSD data, while closely matching the results of the iterative and considerably more expensive CC3 and EOMCCSDT-3 calculations and their CASPT2 and TBE counterparts. It is also shown that the δ-CR-EOMCC methods, especially δ-CR-EOMCC(2,3), are capable of bringing the results of the CC3 and EOMCCSDT-3 calculations to a closer agreement with the CASPT2 and TBE data, demonstrating the utility of the cost-effective δ-CR-EOMCC methods in applications involving molecular electronic spectra. We show that there may exist a relationship between the magnitude of the triples corrections defining δ-CR-EOMCC approaches and the reduced excitation level diagnostic resulting from EOMCCSD.
Chemical Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Present in Contaminated Soil using a Packed‐bed Column Reactor

Soil samples extracted from a contaminated landfill with hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), were treated in a packed-bed column reactor applying different reductant solutions under controlled flow conditions. In all cases, the kinetic study concerning removal of Cr(VI) from packed soil revealed the overall process (leaching and redox reaction) is described by pseudo-first order kinetics. The complexity of the process taking place in non-isotropic medium (packed soil) was evidenced by dependence of the overall pseudo-first order kinetic rate constant, k * , on treatment time, volumetric flow rate, and composition and concentration of the reductant solution. A phenomenological equation was proposed in order to represent k * in non-ideal conditions. The comparative study concerning the use of different reductants revealed application of ferrous sulphate, Fe(II), under flow conditions furnished the best results, since in this case the redox process reached a considerable extent and the reduced chromium, Cr(III), was immobilized in packed soil as an insoluble mixed compound.
A magnetic trap for living cells suspended in a paramagnetic buffer

This manuscript describes the fabrication and use of a three-dimensional magnetic trap for diamagnetic objects in an aqueous solution of paramagnetic ions; this trap uses permanent magnets. It demonstrates trapping of polystyrene spheres, and of various types of living cells: mouse fibroblast (NIH-3T3), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). For a 40mM solution of gadolinium (III) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd·DTPA) in aqueous buffer, the smallest cell (particle) that could be trapped had a radius of ∼2. 5μm. The trapped particle and location of the magnetic trap can be translated in three dimensions by independent manipulation of the permanent magnets. This letter a1so characterizes the biocompatibility of the trapping solution.
Bioavailability of Ca, P and Zn and Bone Mineralization in Rats Fed Yoghurt and Soy-yoghurt Containing Bifidobacteria

Bioavailability of calcium, phosphorus and Zinc from probiotic dairy foods and other food sources has been an important issue of studies over recent years. The aim of the present study was designed to asses and to compare therapeutic effect of milk yoghurt and soy yoghurt containing bifidobacteria with regards to their effect on the bioavailability of Ca, P and Zn and bone mineralization in rats. Eight groups of rats were fed basal diet, cow milk, probiotic-free or probiotic-containing milk yoghurts (Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or Bifidobacterium longum Bb-46), soymilk and soy-yoghurts containing only the above mentioned probiotics for 45 days. Upon feeding probiotic-containing milk and soymilk yoghurts, rat's serum Ca and P content were about two fold that of control and surprisingly the rat's serum Zn content was about 19-21 fold that of control. The increment of apparent absorption % as compared with control was ranged between 24.7–26.6, 24–38 and 51-70% for Ca, P and Zn, respectively. Original Research Article European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 4(2): 110-126, 2014 111 The above mentioned results clearly demonstrate the enhancement of Ca, P and Zn bioavailability when probiotic diets were fed. A significant increase (n=6;p<0.05) was observed in ash content and breaking force of femur of rats fed probiotic milk-and soyyoghurts. Moreover probiotic milk yoghurts were much better than soy-yoghurts fermented by Bifidobacteria in enhancing bioavailability of Ca, P and Zn as well as bone mineralization. These results suggest that intake of probiotic milk-and soyyoghurts may be useful in enhancing mineral bioavailability and bone properties.
Spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray powder diffraction patterns of Bi(V) complexes with [2S-[2𝛂, 5𝛂, 6𝛃(S*)]-6-[amino(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetylamino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3,2,0] hepatane-2-carboxylic acid and (6R)-6-(𝛂-phenyl-d-glycyamino) penicillinic acids

Novel Bi(V) complexes with the β-lactam antibiotics amoxicillin trihydrate (ACT) and ampicillin trihydrate (APT) ligands were prepared and studied by several spectral techniques both in solid as well in solution. The crystallographic data of the ligands and their relative complexes are given as a = 13.9961 (A), b = 5.1569(A) c = 4.4571 (A) for ACT; a = 21.45352 (A), b = 21.45352 (A) c = 4.57137, z = 2 for Bi-ACT; a = 19.051 (A), b = 15.4799 (A) c = 6.67522 (A) for APT; and a = 22.24866 (A), b = 4.254743 (A), c = 12.08440 (A) for Bi-APT. The thermodynamic parameters ΔE*, ΔH*, ΔS*, ΔG* and K, were determined and have a good agreement with the X-ray powder diffraction data.
A new signal detection method for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

A NEW SIGNAL DETECTION METHOD FOR CAPACITIVE MICROMACHINED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS Arif Sanlı Ergun Ph. D. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Abdullah Atalar April 27, 1999 Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUT) have become an alternative to piezoelectric transducers in the past few years. They are constructed by integrat­ ing many small circular membranes in parallel. In this thesis, we demonstrate a new signal detection method for cMUT’s. We model the membranes as capacitors, and the interconnection lines between the membranes as inductors. The resulting circuit is an artificial transmission line with a certain electrical length. The vibrations of the mem­ branes modulate the electrical length of the transmission line, which is proportional to the frequency of the signal through it. By measuring the electrical length of the artificial transmission line using a high RF frequency (in the GHz range), the vibrations of the membranes can be detected in a very sensitive manner. Typically, the improvement over the conventional method is two orders of magnitude. For the devices we measured we observed a minimum detectable displacement in the order of 10"^ A /V ^ .
Prototype carbon nitrides similar to the symmetrictriangular form of melon

Solid polymerization of 2,5,8-tricarbodiimide-tris-s-triazine potassium salt (potassium melonate) and 2,5,8-trichloro-tris-s-triazine (cyameluryl trichloride) gave a symmetric triangular form of a prototype carbon nitride which is deammonation-polycondensed with fifteen 2,5,8-triamino-tris-s-triazine molecules.
Facile Transformation of the Hydroxy‐Substituted Oxathiacrown Ethers

Abstract 9(12)‐Hydroxy‐dithia‐13(16)‐crown‐4(6)‐ethers have been prepared by the condensing an oligoethylene glycol dithiol with 2,3‐dibromo‐1‐propanol. Methods of oxidation, halogenation, amination, and esterification of the 9‐hydroxythiacrown ether, producing corresponding oxathiacrown ether derivatives in good yields, have been developed. Cyclic destruction has not been found in the studied reactions. The change of the oxathiamacrocyclic ring size in the course of the halogenation and amination reactions was revealed.
Phosphorus response and efficiency of 12 novel dryland legume species on an acid high country soil

High country soils are typically acidic and have low fertility compared with intensive high fertility low land systems. Pasture legumes commonly used in New Zealand perform poorly in these environments. The optimum soil P status for growth of many potential alternative legume species for this environment is unknown. Twelve legume species were grown under glasshouse conditions at Lincoln University in an acidic high country soil (Ashwick stoney / boldery silt loam) from the Lees Valley (North Canterbury). Phosphorus was applied at eight rates (0, 10, 30, 60, 100, 250, 500, 1500 mg P kg -1 soil). Plants were harvested monthly post establishment and the yield determined. Annual species grew on average for 25 weeks, while perennial species grew for 42 weeks. Herbage was analysed for macro and micro element content and uptake. Soils were analysed for available P content at the end of the experiment. Phosphorus increased the yield of both annual and perennial legume species through the increase in plant available P. Optimum Olsen P for maximum yield differed between species as did P use efficiency. Persian clover was the highest yielding annual species (13.6 g DM pot -1 ) followed by subterranean clover > arrowleaf clover > balansa clover, while gland clover was the lowest yielding annual species (1.2 g DM pot -1 ). Lotus was the highest yielding perennial species (15.0 g DM pot -1 ) followed by tagasaste > lucerne > Caucasian clover > falcata lucerne > strawberry clover, while white clover was the lowest yielding perennial species (8.2 g DM pot -1 ). As a measure of P use efficiency, the Olsen P at which biological optimum (97%) yields were achieved varied between species, ranging from 21 mg L -1 (tagasaste) to 174 mg L -1 (gland clover). Gland, balansa and arrowleaf clovers had the lowest P use efficiency, while tagasaste, white and Persian clovers had the highest. Arrowleaf, subterranean and balansa clovers gave the greatest increase in yield at low P inputs (100 mg P kg -1 ). Further research using field trials is required to confirm these results under natural climatic and physical conditions. Introduction The hill and high country of New Zealand is extensively farmed and in terms of productivity often has a short, moisture limited production season. The soils are typically acidic, with low available phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) which influences the growth and persistence of legumes (Haynes & Williams 1993; Moir et al. 2000). Legumes play a key role in New Zealand agriculture, contributing nitrogen (N) to the system as well as increasing the quality of feed, for improved animal performance (Brown & Green 2003). N is often the most limiting nutrient for pastures, while the amount of N fixed from the atmosphere and added to the soil by legumes is significant and may be the only nitrogen