Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Secure Are Checkpoint-Based Defenses in Digital Microfluidic Biochips?

A digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) is a miniaturized laboratory capable of implementing biochemical protocols. Fully integrated DMFBs consist of a hardware platform, controller, and network connectivity, making it a cyber-physical system (CPS). A DMFB CPS is being advocated for safety-critical applications, such as medical diagnosis, drug development, and personalized medicine. Hence, the security of a DMFB CPS is of immense importance to their successful deployment. Recent research has made progress in devising corresponding defense mechanisms by employing so-called checkpoints (CPs). Existing solutions either rely on probabilistic security analysis that does not consider all possible actions an attacker may use to overcome an applied CP mechanism or rely on exhaustive monitoring of DMFB at all time-steps during the assay execution. For devising a defense scheme that is guaranteed to be secure, an exact analysis of the security of a DMFB is needed. This is not available in the current state-of-the-art. In this article, we address this issue by developing an exact method, which uses the deductive power of satisfiability solvers to verify whether a CP-based defense thwarts the execution of an attack. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method by showcasing two applications on practical bioassays: 1) security analysis of various checkpointing strategies and 2) derivation of a counterexample-guided fool-proof secure CP scheme.
Congenital brain anomalies and chromosomal aberrations from the Zagreb Collection of human brains

The Zagreb Collection of developing and adult human brains consists of approximately 1,300 brains of fetuses, children and adults that were collected following routine autopsies in the period from 1974 to 2014. The collection comprises brains of different normal developmental stages that may serve for investigation of normal human brain development. Previous studies on this material have led to several important contributions on human cortical development, such as the discovery of the transient fetal subplate zone. The Zagreb Collection, however, also contains approximately 100 brains with different anomalies including chromosomal aberrations such as Down syndrome. We have analyzed all the available material from the Zagreb Collection and identified 44 brains of fetuses and children with Down syndrome, 10 with Patau syndrome, 6 with Edwards syndrome as well as 7 holoprosencephalic, 7 hydrocephalic and 4 microcephalic brains. The largest part of the Collection is available for further research using modern genetic, immunocytochemical and imaging methods, especially magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, the histological slides from the Zagreb Collection are currently being digitally scanned and made available as virtual slides to general scientific audience. The Zagreb Collection represents unique and versatile resource for the future study of normal and abnormal human brain development.
Use of Random Response to Estimate Angler Noncompliance with Fishing Regulations

Abstract We assessed noncompliance with angling regulations on three Idaho waters using random response, a technique designed to quantify embarrassing or criminal behavior. We searched for associations between positive random response answers and angler regulation awareness across a number of demographic variables. Illegal use of bait and creeling of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi within two catch-and-release zones ranged from –0.4 to 3.0%. Creeling of illegal-sized cutthroat trout was a more common violation (5 to 8%) in two zones managed with a minimum size regulation. Estimated noncompliance with barbless hook regulations for the same zones was high (29%), but nearly 75% of these violations were accidental. Noncompliance with harvest restrictions was greatest on Henrys Lake where 9.5% of anglers violated the two-trout creel limit each day. We observed statistically significant associations between the types of regulations and angler ability to correctly recite them on a given stre.
A simple most probable number technique for the sensitive recovery of a genetically‐modified Pseudomonas aureofaciens from soil

A strain of Pseudomonas aureofaciens (SBW25EeZY‐6KX) that was chromosomally marked with a lacZY and a kmr‐xylE cassette could be recovered from non‐sterile soil by a selective Pseudomonas enrichment broth amended with 100 ppm kanamycin and 50 ppm X‐gal in an MPN (most probable number) assay. The assay was sensitive and reliable, allowing detection of as few as one recombinant cell in a 1% (w v) soil suspension. The soil used contained a large (ca 5% of total culturable bacteria) background of indigenous bacteria that were either able to utilize lactose, were resistant to kanamycin, or both.
Ecological responses of two shrimp populations (Palaemonidae) to seasonal abiotic factor variations in a Brazilian semiarid reservoir

The objective of this study was to evaluate if seasonal abiotic factor variations (pluviosity, depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, hydrogen potential, ammonia and electrical conductivity) in a northeastern semiarid reservoir influence abundance and population structure variations in Palaemonidae Macrobrachium amazonicum and M. jelskii shrimp. Data were collected bimonthly from 30 reservoir sampling sites from October 2016 to September 2017 during the dry and rainy seasons. A principal component analysis determined the abiotic factors that explained most of the data variations, then a multivariate permutational variance analysis showed significant differences in abiotic variables between the dry and rainy periods. The shrimp were more abundant during the dry season compared to the rainy season, and the M. amazonicum species was more abundant than the M. jelskii species across both periods. Additionally, redundancy analysis for each seasonal period indicated that seasonal abiotic factor variations caused different responses in the abundance of intrapopulation groups (females, males and juveniles) in the two studied shrimp species. The present results suggest that related shrimp species may present different responses to seasonal abiotic factor variations, suggesting these ecological differences may be crucial to ensure a stable coexistence. Moreover, high plasticity appears to provide M. amazonicum and M. jelskii a good adaptation, especially to life in reservoirs, which are unstable environments.
Kinesin Superfamily-associated Protein 3 (KAP3) Mediates the Interaction between Kinesin-II Motor Subunits and HS-1-associated Protein X-1 (HAX-1) through Direct Binding

Kinesin-II, a molecular motor, consists of two different motor subunits, KIF3A and KIF3B, and one large kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3), forming a heterotrimeric complex. KAP3 is associated with the tail domains of motor subunits. However, its exact role remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated KAP3 binding to the carboxyl (C)-terminal tail region of HS-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1). HAX-1 bound to the C-terminal region of KAP3, but not to KIFs (KIF3A, KIF3B, and KIF5B) and the kinesin light chain (KLC) in the yeast two-hybrid assays. The interaction was further confirmed in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. Anti- HAX-1 antibody as well as anti-KIF3A antibody co-immunoprecipitated KIF3B and KAP3 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that KAP3 could mediate the interaction between Kinesin-II and HAX-1.
Pakistan’s Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Efficacy of Quarantine and Partial Lockdown: A Review

Pakistan, being as a neighbor country of China and Iran was vulnerable most to COVID-19 pandemic. During receiving Pakistani pilgrims from Iran, Pakistani government reacted toward the spread of COVID-19 after report of first COVID-19 case on 25th of February, 2020. Quarantine facilities were arranged with delay and were the main cause of epidemic in Pakistan. Out of the total COVID-19 cases 78 percent cases were linked with the visitors coning from Iran. Simultaneously, Pakistan announced closure of all education institutions with a partial lockdown across the country. This badly affected the labor community. Due to lack of record/ database, Pakistani government faced problem in supporting the labor community. The partial lockdown was effective to some extent and the epidemic was brought under control. To cope with such pandemic/epidemic situations in future, the various lessons learned have been given as recombinations for the future.
Morphological and anatomical features associated with epiphytism among the pleurocarpous mosses — one basis for further research on adaptations and their evolution

Abstract Based on morphological information from 619 pleurocarpous mosses occurring in 14 habitats, character states that potentially represent especially epiphytic adaptations are explored, by statistically evaluating differences in frequencies of states among species occurring in different habitats or habitat groups. Character states that are most frequent among epiphytes and could potentially have evolved as adaptations to epiphytism include: absence of a stem central strand, lack of perigonial and vaginular paraphyses, short seta, cylindrical and straight orthotropous spore capsules, short exothecial cells, strongly reduced exostomes with papillose or smooth lower outsides, entire margins, and lacking border, low endostome basal membrane and short or rudimentary cilia, and large spores. The presented data on the distribution of character states among habitats should serve as a basis for exploring both whether certain features are true adaptations and what is the function of different morphological structures among the pleurocarpous mosses.
Photocatalytic Evaluation of Ag2CO3 for Ethylparaben Degradation in Different Water Matrices

The present study examines the photocatalytic properties of silver carbonate (Ag2CO3) for ethyl paraben (EP) degradation under simulated solar irradiation. Ag2CO3 was prepared according to a solution method and its physicochemical characteristics were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Complete EP (0.5 mg/L) removal was achieved after 120 min of irradiation with the use of 750 mg/L Ag2CO3 in ultrapure water (UPW), with EP degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effect of several experimental parameters was investigated; increasing catalyst concentration from 250 mg/L to 1000 mg/L led to an increase in EP removal, while increasing EP concentration from 0.25 mg/L to 1.00 mg/L slightly lowered kapp from 0.115 min−1 to 0.085 min−1. Experiments carried out with the use of UV or visible cut-off filters showed sufficient EP degradation under visible irradiation. A series of experiments were performed in real water matrices such as bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW), manifesting Ag2CO3’s equally high photocatalytic activity for EP degradation. To interpret these results different concentrations of inorganic anions (bicarbonate 100–500 mg/L, chloride 100–500 mg/L) present in aqueous media, as well as 10 mg/L organic matter in the form of humic acid (HA), were added sequentially in UPW. Results showed accelerating effects on EP degradation for the lowest concentrations tested in all cases.
Size Dependent Fluorescence Decay Dynamics of MoS2 Nanoflakes

This paper reports a profound method to prepare MoS 2, and the effect of ultraviolet light irradiation on its emission characteristics. The exfoliation of molybdenum di-sulfide (MoS 2 ) in a liquid phase has been achieved successfully via probe sonication for different time intervals followed by centrifugation method. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra of the obtained MoS 2 dispersions at different exfoliation time indicate that the concentration of MoS 2 nanosheets as well as MoS 2 quantum dots increased remarkably with increasing exfoliation time. We also note that the non-radiative recombination due to UV irradiation on MoS 2 results into the decrease of emission intensity.
New species of the fern genus Elaphoglossum from Mesoamerica

Of the 118 species of Elaphoglossum treated in the flora of Mesoamerica, 33 were determined to be new and are described here. In addition, one new variety is described and one variety is raised to species rank. Elaphoglossum is a large and taxonomically difficult genus of wet tropical regions. F6e (1845) and Christ (1899) published major treatments of the genus, treating 105 and 142 species, respectively. Today there are thought to be ca. 600 species. Since the turn of the century many additional collections have been made, but until recently there have been no usable treatments for their identification. While preparing a treatment of Elaphoglossum for Flora Mesoamericana, a number of previously undescribed species were distinguished. Of 118 species in the flora, 33 species and one variety are new, a figure consistent with the recent regional treatments of Mexico (19 new of 45; Mickel, 1980, 1981, 1988, 1992; Smith, 1975), Venezuela (35 new of 101; Mickel, 1985, 1990b, 1991b), and Peru (51 new of 122; Mickel, 1990a, 1991a). Gradually a clearer understanding is emerging of the genus, the species and species groups, and overall character diversity. Several species complexes remain unresolved, and more collections and detailed studies are needed. Most of the species in Flora Mesoamericana (all but 11 of the 118) will be treated also in Lellinger's pteridoflora of Costa Rica-Panama-Choc6, together with illustrations. Elaphoglossum andersonii Mickel, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jose: near Quebradillas, about 7 km N of Santa Maria de Dota, Standley 42932 (holotype, US). Ab E. hieracioide frondibus majoribus longius stipitatis textura tenuioribus necnon hydathodiis manifestis abstat. Epiphytic; rhizome 2-3 mm diam. , compact; rhizome scales 3-5 mm long, linear, orange-tan, lustrous, entire; leaves 8-17 cm long, approximate; phyllopodia lacking; petiole 2/-3/ the sterile leaf length, tan, flattened; petiole scales 2.5-4 mm long, linear, entire, orange-tan, subulate, spreading, mixed with scattered to dense glandular hairs at petiole base; sterile lamina 4-8 cm long, 1.3-1.7 cm wide, elNOVON 2: 368-382. 1992. liptic, chartaceous, base cuneate, apex rounded to acute; veins evident, 2 mm apart, at 45-55? angle to costa; hydathodes evident as orange dots; lamina scales 3-4 mm long, scattered, spreading, subulate, hairlike, orange-tan, entire; fertile leaves shorter than the sterile; petiole 12-34 the fertile leaf length; fertile lamina elliptic, ca. 2.5 times longer than wide, base and apex rounded; intersporangial scales lack-
Seismotectonics and Fault Geometries of the 2019 Ridgecrest Sequence: Insight From Aftershock Moment Tensor Catalog Using 3‐D Green's Functions

The 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake occurred on 6 July, preceded by the Mw 6.4 foreshock on 4 July 2019. These two earthquakes occurred close in space and time with partially overlapping surface ruptures and aftershock patterns, raising the question of the relationship between the two events. Geological surveys and satellite observations provide important constraints on the surface traces of faulting. However, the subsurface fault geometries, which are important for understanding the regional stress field, earthquake initiation, propagation, and termination, are not well resolved. In this study, moment tensor solutions for 256 earthquakes in the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence were determined by waveform inversion using 3‐D velocity model. The obtained moment tensor solutions show rotations of the stresses after mainshock, indicating the ratio of mainshock stress drop to the background stress to be 0.5–0.9. The obtained moment tensor catalog also facilitates a better understanding of the subsurface fault geometries, including (1) splay faults and antithetic faults in the northwest aftershock zone; (2) shallow flower structures near the Mw 7.1 epicenter; and (3) subparallel faults in the southeast aftershock zone. The aftershocks' studies suggest the very complex surface ruptures near the 2019 Ridgecrest Mw 7.1 epicenter are near‐surface features that linked to a simple large throughgoing fault at >5 km depth. We also found that the southeastern‐most aftershocks, which are located less than a kilometer from the Garlock fault trace, have significant different strike directions from that of the Garlock fault, indicating the central Garlock fault remains seismically quiet.
A new species of Orbiniella (Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) from deep basins of Antarctica

During the 2002 Antarctic Deep-sea Biodiversity (ANDEEP) programme to the Drake Passage, Weddell Sea Basin and South Sandwich Slope and trench, a new deep-water species of orbiniid polychaete was collected: Orbiniella andeepia sp. nov. Orbiniella andeepia appears to be most closely related to O. marionensis but differs in capillary setal structure, the type and number of acicular spines found in each podial lobe. Orbiniella andeepia is only the third deep-water species of Orbiniella to be discovered. It exhibits both a wide depth- and geographic-range within the Antarctic slope and abyssal sediments.
Knowledge sharing, shared leadership and innovative behaviour: a cross-level analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing among team members on the development of shared leadership and innovative behaviour.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 64 management teams and 427 individuals working in 26 different hotels in the hospitality industry in Taiwan.FindingsThe results show that knowledge sharing has both direct and indirect effects on the development of shared leadership and individual innovative behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsResults suggest that knowledge sharing supports the occurrence of shared leadership, leading to an increase in innovative behaviour. The authors infer from the findings that encouraging a culture of knowledge sharing can have a positive impact on the creativity of teams.Originality/valueThis study advances knowledge of shared leadership as a mediator using a multilevel approach to test antecedents of innovative behaviour in the Taiwan hotel industry.
Fault Control on a Thermal Anomaly: Conceptual and Numerical Modeling of a Low‐Temperature Geothermal System in the Southern Alps Foreland Basin (NE Italy)

The interest on low‐temperature geothermal resources is progressively increasing since their renewability and widespread availability. Despite their frequency, these resources and their development have been only partially investigated. This paper unravels the major physical processes driving a low‐temperature geothermal resource in NE Italy (Euganean Geothermal System) through conceptual and numerical modeling. Dense fracturing associated to regional fault zones and a relay ramp enhances regional to local flow of thermal waters. Their rapid upwelling in the Euganean Geothermal Field is favored by open extensional fractures deforming the relay ramp. The water (65–86 °C) is intensively exploited for balneotherapy, rendering it a profitable resource. Three‐dimensional coupled flow and heat transport numerical simulations based on this conceptual model are performed. Despite the presence of a uniform basal heat flow, a thermal anomaly corresponding to field observations develops in the modeling domain reproducing the relay ramp. Intensive fracturing extending across a wide area and a slightly anomalous heat flow favors a local increase in convection that drives the upwelling of deep‐seated hot waters. The simulations corroborate and refine the conceptual model, revealing that water of up to 115 °C is likely to be found in the unexplored part of the thermal field. This study furthers knowledge on fault‐controlled low‐temperature geothermal resources where the geological setting could enhance local convection without anomalous heat flows, creating temperatures favorable for energy production. Conceptual and numerical modeling based on solid geological and hydrogeological reconstructions can offer a support tool for further detailed explorations of these prominent resources.
Characteristic expression of wheat PR5 gene in response to infection by the leaf rust pathogen, Puccinia triticina

TaLr35PR5 gene was obtained from the gDNA and cDNA of TcLr35 wheat. It was induced by Puccinia triticina, ABA and SA, but TaLr35PR5 was induced earlier and its expression level was higher in the incompatible interaction than that in the compatible interaction. In addition, the accumulations of TaLr35PR5 increased stably and showed significant peak challenged by P. triticina at different growth and development periods of TcLr35 wheat while it maintained similar level and changed little in mock inoculated. Western blottings were conducted to confirm that TaLr35PR5 be induced by P. triticina infection at the protein expression level. Similar to the expression patterns of TaLr35PR5 at RNA levels, the accumulations of TaLr35PR5 protein were weak in the seedling stage, then increased to the peak and kept constant levels at the mature stage which is consistent with the expression feature of Lr35 gene as an adult plant resistance gene.
On the Limit of the Positive $\ell$-Degree Turán Problem

The minimum positive $\ell$-degree $\delta^+_{\ell}(G)$ of a non-empty $k$-graph $G$ is the maximum $m$ such that every $\ell$-subset of $V(G)$ is contained in either none or at least $m$ edges of~$G$; let $\delta^+_{\ell}(G):=0$ if $G$ has no edges. For a family $\mathcal F$ of $k$-graphs, let $\mathrm{co^{+}ex}_\ell(n,\mathcal F)$ be the maximum of $\delta^+_{\ell}(G)$ over all $\mathcal F$-free $k$-graphs $G$ on $n$ vertices. We prove that the ratio $\mathrm{co^{+}ex}_\ell(n,\mathcal F)/{n-\ell\choose k-\ell}$ tends to limit as $n\to\infty$, answering a question of Halfpap, Lemons and Palmer. Also, we show that the limit can be obtained as the value of a natural optimisation problem for $k$-hypergraphons; in fact, we give an alternative description of the set of possible accumulation points of almost extremal $k$-graphs.
A BOW-Based Sentence Embedding Method for Chinese Event Identification

Event extraction is an important branch of information extraction. It involves two challenging issues: event identification and argument identification. Most approaches of event identification are trigger-based, which suffer a lot from sample imbalance, word ambiguity, low scalability, etc. To solve these problems, we attempt to explore sentence-based event identification, whose main issue is sentence representation. With the success of word embedding, it has attracted much attention to generate semantic embeddings of sentences. In this paper, we propose a simple BOW-based sentence embedding method to represent event sentences for Chinese event identification. We compute embeddings on the dependency tree and map different relations to simple arithmetic operations. We evaluate our method with a dataset of Chinese event identification and compare the result with other BOW-based methods. The results show that our approach significantly outperforms other BOW-based methods.