Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-similarity and Reynolds number invariance in Froude modelling

ABSTRACT This review aims to improve the reliability of Froude modelling in fluid flows where both the Froude number and Reynolds number are a priori relevant. Two concepts may help to exclude significant Reynolds number scale effects under these conditions: (i) self-similarity and (ii) Reynolds number invariance. Both concepts relate herein to turbulent flows, thereby excluding self-similarity observed in laminar flows and in non-fluid phenomena. These two concepts are illustrated with a wide range of examples: (i) irrotational vortices, wakes, jets and plumes, shear-driven entrainment, high-velocity open channel flows, sediment transport and homogeneous isotropic turbulence; and (ii) tidal energy converters, complete mixing in contact tanks and gravity currents. The limitations of self-similarity and Reynolds number invariance are also highlighted. Many fluid phenomena with the limitations under which self-similarity and Reynolds number invariance are observed are summarized in tables, aimed at excluding significant Reynolds number scale effects in physical Froude-based models.
Bypass of the Major Alkylative DNA Lesion by Human DNA Polymerase η

A wide range of endogenous and exogenous alkylating agents attack DNA to generate various alkylation adducts. N7-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine (Fm7dG) is the most abundant alkylative DNA lesion. If not repaired, Fm7dG can undergo spontaneous depurination, imidazole ring-opening, or bypass by translesion synthesis DNA polymerases. Human DNA polymerase η (polη) efficiently catalyzes across Fm7dG in vitro, but its structural basis is unknown. Herein, we report a crystal structure of polη in complex with templating Fm7dG and an incoming nonhydrolyzable dCTP analog, where a 2′-fluorine-mediated transition destabilization approach was used to prevent the spontaneous depurination of Fm7dG. The structure showed that polη readily accommodated the Fm7dG:dCTP base pair with little conformational change of protein and DNA. In the catalytic site, Fm7dG and dCTP formed three hydrogen bonds with a Watson–Crick geometry, indicating that the major keto tautomer of Fm7dG is involved in base pairing. The polη-Fm7dG:dCTP structure was essentially identical to the corresponding undamaged structure, which explained the efficient bypass of the major methylated lesion. Overall, the first structure of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase bypassing Fm7dG suggests that in the catalytic site of Y-family DNA polymerases, small N7-alkylguanine adducts may be well tolerated and form the canonical Watson–Crick base pair with dCTP through their keto tautomers.
Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems

From the Publisher: Frequency spectrum is a limited and valuable resource for wireless communications. A good example can be observed among network operators in Europe for the prices to pay for UMTS-frequency bands. Therefore, the first goal when designing future wireless communication systems (e.g. 4G - fourth generation) has to be the increase in spectral efficiency. The development in digital communications in the past years has enabled efficient modulation and coding techniques for robust and spectral efficient data, speech, audio and video transmission. These are the multi-carrier modulation (e.g. OFDM) and the spread spectrum technique (e.g. DS-CDMA), where OFDM was chosen for broadcast applications (DVB, DAB) as well as for broadband wireless indoor standards (ETSI HIPERLAN-II, IEEE-802.11) and the DS-CDMA was selected in mobile communications (IS-95, third generation mobile radio systems world wide, UMTS/IMT 2000). Since 1993 various combinations of multi-carrier (MC) modulation and the spread spectrum (SS) technique have been introduced and the field of MC-SS communications has become an independent and important research topic with increasing activities. New application fields have been proposed such as high rate cellular mobile, high rate wireless indoor and LMDS. It has been shown that MC-SS offers the high spectral efficiency, robustness and flexibility that is required for the next generation systems. Meanwhile, different alternative hybrid schemes such as OFDM/OFDMA, MC-TDMA, etc. have been deeply analysed and adopted in different international standards (ETSI-BRAN, IEEE-802 & MMAC). Multi-Carrier & Spread-Spectrum: Analysis of Hybrid Air Interfaces draws together all ofthe above mentioned hybrid schemes therefore providing a greatly needed resource for system engineers, telecommunication designers and researchers in order to enable them to develop, build and deploy several schemes based on MC-transmission for the next generation systems (which will be an integration of broadband multimedia services covering both 4G mobile and fixed wireless systems). Offers a complete treatment of multi-carrier, spread-spectrum (SS) and time division multiplexing (TDM) techniquesProvides an in-depth insight into hybrid multiple access techniques based on multi-carrier (MC) transmissionPresents numerous hybrid multiple access and air interface architectures including OFDM/CDMA, MC-CDMA, MC-DS-CDMA and MT-CDMACovers new techniques such as space-time coding and software radio Telecommunications engineers, hardware & software system designers and researchers as well as students, lecturers and technicians will all find this an invaluable addition to their bookshelf.
A Cell-based Drug Efflux Assay for Analysis of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Patients

Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon where many tumor cells selected for resistance to a single agent are cross-resistant to several structurally and functionally unrelated compounds. Polymorphisms of genes encoding for xenobiotics and drug transporters are potential factors, which can influence the risk of developing cancer and its clinical outcome. The single-nucleotide polymorphism C3435T of MDR1 gene has been found to be associated with altered tissue expression and function of Permeability-glycoprotein (PGP). In the present study efflux of drug amongst different genotypes was studied using cell based assay. Drug uptake of the cells was found to be maximum in the cells that showed homozygous TT genotype in contrast to the cells with homozygous CC genotype that showed minimum drug uptake. This method is a novel approach for the study of such kind of pharmacokinetics. The results of the present study may prove very helpful in the treatment of cancer patients.
Love at second sight: Temporal effects of design typicality on brand liking

◦Purpose: Designs typical for a category (i.e., wine) are usually better liked by consumers as they find them more diagnostic. In contrast, atypical designs may be more likely to stand out in a retail environment, and may be processed more deeply, possibly increasing long-term liking. Integrating processing research with studies of schema congruity, this paper examines how the typicality of wine packages relates to short-term and long-term consumer liking.
Medication for addiction treatment and acute care utilization in HIV-positive adults with substance use disorders

ABSTRACT Medication for addiction treatment (MAT) could reduce acute care utilization in HIV-positive individuals with substance use disorders. The study objective was to determine if HIV-positive people with substance use disorders treated with MAT report less acute care utilization than those not receiving MAT. We assessed the association between MAT and acute care utilization among HIV-positive individuals with alcohol or opioid use disorder. Acute care utilization 6 months later was defined as any past 3-month self-reported (1) emergency department (ED) visit and (2) hospitalization. Of 153 participants, 88% had alcohol use disorder, 41% had opioid use disorder, and 48 (31%) were treated with MAT. Fifty-five (36%) participants had an ED visit and 38 (25%) participants had a hospitalization. MAT was not associated with an ED visit (AOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.46–2.75) or hospitalization (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.39–3.04). MAT was not associated with acute care utilization. These results highlight the need to increase MAT prescribing in HIV-positive individuals with substance use disorders, and to address the many factors that influence acute care utilization.
Malakula: A Photographic Collection

During the year, the Museum has received from Dr. Haddon a gift of the first importance in the shape of his collection of several thousands of anthropological photographs, accumulated by him over a very long period and from every part of the world. In honour of Dr. Haddon's eightieth birthday these photographs had been put in order, prints made from the negatives, and the whole collection catalogued, uniformly mounted, and arranged in a cabinet specially made for them … The large number of photographs already in the Museum have now been incorporated in the collection, many hundreds have been added, chiefly by friends of Dr. Haddon, and it is hoped that the collection, which will be called the Haddon Photographic Collection, will steadily increase. It is already one of the most comprehensive in existence.
Optimal sampling paths for autonomous vehicles in uncertain ocean flows

OPTIMAL SAMPLING PATHS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IN UNCERTAIN OCEAN FLOWS by Andrew J. de Stefan Despite an extensive history of oceanic observation, researchers have only begun to build a complete picture of oceanic currents. Sparsity of instrumentation has created the need to maximize the information extracted from every source of data in building this picture. Within the last few decades, autonomous vehicles, or AVs, have been employed as tools to aid in this research initiative. Unmanned and self-propelled, AVs are capable of spending weeks, if not months, exploring and monitoring the oceans. However, the quality of data acquired by these vehicles is highly dependent on the paths along which they collect their observational data. The focus of this research is to find optimal sampling paths for autonomous vehicles, with the goal of building the most accurate estimate of a velocity field in the shortest time possible. The two main numerical tools employed in this work are the level set method for time-optimal path planning, and the Kalman filter for state estimation and uncertainty quantification. Specifically, the uncertainty associated with the velocity field is defined as the trace of the covariance matrix corresponding to the Kalman filter equations. The novelty in this work is the covariance tracking algorithm, which evolves this covariance matrix along the time-optimal trajectories defined by the level set method, and determines the path expected to minimize the uncertainty corresponding to the flow field by the end of deployment. While finding optimal sampling paths using this method is straightforward for the single-vehicle problem, it becomes increasingly difficult as the number of AVs grows. As such, an iterative procedure is presented here for multi-vehicle problems, which in simple cases can be proven to find controls that collectively minimizes the expected uncertainty, assuming that such a minimum exists. This work demonstrates the utility of combining methods from optimal control theory and estimation theory for learning uncertain fields using fleets of autonomous vehicles. Additionally, it shows that by optimizing over long-duration, continuous trajectories, superior results can be obtained when compared to ad hoc approaches such as a gradient-following control. This is demonstrated for both single-vehicle and multi-vehicle problems, and for static and evolving flow models. OPTIMAL SAMPLING PATHS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IN UNCERTAIN OCEAN FLOWS by Andrew J. de Stefan A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey – Newark in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematical Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences, NJIT Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Rutgers-Newark
Wnt Signaling in the Regulation of Immune Cell and Cancer Therapeutics

Wnt signaling is one of the important pathways to play a major role in various biological processes, such as embryonic stem-cell development, tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, and immune cell regulation. Recent studies suggest that Wnt signaling performs an essential function in immune cell modulation and counteracts various disorders. Nonetheless, the emerging role and mechanism of action of this signaling cascade in immune cell regulation, as well as its involvement in various cancers, remain debatable. The Wnt signaling in immune cells is very diverse, e.g., the tolerogenic role of dendritic cells, the development of natural killer cells, thymopoiesis of T cells, B-cell-driven initiation of T-cells, and macrophage actions in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current therapeutic targets in (and the prospects of) Wnt signaling, as well as the potential suitability of available modulators for the development of cancer immunotherapies. Although there are several Wnt inhibitors relevant to cancer, it would be worthwhile to extend this approach to immune cells.
Temporal weights in loudness: Investigation of the effects of background noise and sound level

Previous research has consistently shown that for sounds varying in intensity over time, the beginning of the sound is of higher importance for the perception of loudness than later parts (primacy effect). However, in all previous studies, the target sounds were presented in quiet, and at a fixed average sound level. In the present study, temporal loudness weights for a time-varying narrowband noise were investigated in the presence of a continuous bandpass-filtered background noise and the average sound levels of the target stimuli were varied across a range of 60 dB. Pronounced primacy effects were observed in all conditions and there were no significant differences between the temporal weights observed in the conditions in quiet and in background noise. Within the conditions in background noise, there was a significant effect of the sound level on the pattern of weights, which was mainly caused by a slight trend for increased weights at the end of the sounds (“recency effect”) in the condition with lower average level. No such effect was observed for the in-quiet conditions. Taken together, the observed primacy effect is largely independent of masking as well as of sound level. Compatible with this conclusion, the observed primacy effects in quiet and in background noise can be well described by an exponential decay function using parameters based on previous studies. Simulations using a model for the partial loudness of time-varying sounds in background noise showed that the model does not predict the observed temporal loudness weights.
Water stress before harvest of pepper‑rosmarin

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of different periods of water stress before harvest of pepper-rosmarin (Lippia sidoides) on the contents of essential oil and flavonoids. The experiment was carried out during 270 days of cultivation, with drainage lysimeters, in a completely randomized block design with five treatments: 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of water suppression before harvest, with four replicates. Fresh and dry matter yield, essential oil content, total flavonoids content, and water potential and temperature of leaves were determined. There was a decrease of approximately 50% in oil content and of 60% in total flavonoid content with the reduction of leaf water potential in 0.3 MPa. Essential oil is more sensitive to water stress than total flavonoids.
Optimal Taxation of Wealthy Individuals

This paper studies the determinants of optimal taxes for wealthy individuals faced with capital income risk. I develop a model of optimal taxation of capital income in which wealth and income inequality is a result of capital income shocks together with frictions in financial markets. I use the model to study optimal taxation of various types of capital income: capital income from controlled businesses, outside the business as well as bequests. In presence of risk-return trade-offs, i.e., when more productive investments are riskier, I show that it is typically optimal to have progressive saving taxes. Furthermore, in an intergenerational context, I show that bequest taxes should be negative. Finally, I study the implications of the model on long run efficient distribution of wealth. I show that the long-run distribution of wealth has a fat-tail distribution and compare the efi¬ cient tail of the wealth distribution to the one resulting from an ad-hoc incomplete market model.
Investigation of the stability and antioxidant properties of anthocyanins-based purple potato colorants after processing

To investigate the effect of processing method on the stability and antioxidant properties of anthocyanins-based colorants, purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was treated by steaming, baking before lyophilization, oven drying and direct lyophilization before extracted by 0.5% HCl-methanol solution twice. The concentration of total anthocyanins in different treated samples ranged from 0.34 to 1.03 mg/g fresh weight. The direct lyophilization treated sample had significant higher content than other processing method. Stability study showed that both light and heat could accelerate the degradation of anthocyanin-based purple potato colorant. The fresh purple potato colorant showed the most stable property, followed by the lyophilization, oven drying, steaming before lyophilization and baking before lyophilization samples. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of purple potato extracts ranged from 0.25 to 0.37 mg/ml. The ability of the extracts to reduce Fe 2+ ranged from 395.40 to 1320.47 µmol/L equivalent to FeSO4 at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. Lyophilization treated samples showed the most strongest antioxidant activity, significantly higher than that of other processing methods. Our results suggest that to keep stable and functional anthocyaninsbased purple potato colorants, lyophilization was a recommended suitable processing method in food industry.
Nutrient export from freshwater ecosystems by anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Anadromous and semelparous salmon transport nutrients from the ocean to fresh waters when they return to spawn and die, a process inspiring a large body of research on the role of salmon-derived nutrients in coastal ecosystems. However, salmon also transport nutrients out of fresh waters when they migrate to the ocean as smolts. Using a total of 76 years of age-specific smolt-migration and adult-escapement data, we calculated the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus that sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) imported and exported from four major systems in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Smolts removed an average of 16% of the phosphorus and 12% of the nitrogen that their parents transported into fresh waters. The percentage of parental nutrients that smolts exported varied through time and among sites, ranging from 1% to 65% of the phosphorus and from less than 1% to 47% of the nitrogen. In systems where smolts were larger, they exported a higher percentage of nutrients. Depending on the strength of density-dependence,.
Assessment of mangrove flora of Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape (PIPLS) San Vicente, Sta. Ana Cagayan valley, Philippines

The status and species composition of mangrove forest is a basic and pre-requisite for the management and conservation of mangrove resource. The study was conducted to determine the status and species composition of mangrove forests of Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape (PIPLS), San Vicente Sta. Ana, Cagayan, Philippines. A Transect Line Plot (TLP) method was employed to obtain data on the structure of mangrove community. Results revealed that there were 16 true mangrove species belonging to 7 families and 10 associate species belonging to 9 families where Rhizophora apiculata was the densest species (23.36%), most dominant (22.5%), most frequent (17%) and has the highest importance value (62.88%). Mangrove forest is still in good condition with 53% crown cover, stand density of 2,335 trees/hectare and regeneration of 10 seedlings per plot. Three genera of Rhizophora were identified (Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa). Other genera of major and minor mangrove species are well distributed in the study area. The adaptability and diversity of mangrove species highly depends on favourable ecological and environmental conditions however; the anthropogenic and natural disturbances observed may possess a great threat to mangrove biodiversity.
UV- Spectrophotometric determination of Ceftazidime in pure and pharmaceutical formulation

A simple sensitive spectrophotometric method in UV region has been developed for the determination of Ceftazidime in bulk dosage form. The solution of ceftazidime in 0.1N HCl shows maximum absorbance at 261nm, beer’s law was o beyed in the concentration range of 2-10 μ g ml -1 . The absorbance was found to increase linearly wit h increasing concentration of ceftazidime, which is corroborated by the calculate d correlation coefficient value of 0.9981. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regressi on line are 0.0465 and 0.0007 respectively. The analysis were validated statistically and its r ecovery studies result of percentage shows that the method was not affected by the presence of exce pients which proves suitability of the developed method for the routine estimation of ceft azidime bulk and solid dosage form. This method were extended to pharmaceutical formulations and there no interference from excepients and diluents. The proposed methods are economical a nd sensitive for the estimation of ceftazidime in bulk dosage form.
Taxes and Women in the Labour Force in a Southern European Country: The Case of Portugal

On looking at the female labour supply in Europe, it is immediately noticed that there is a large variation among countries. One possible explanation for this fact is that different countries have different tax policies, leading to variations in incentive and costs. This has been investigated in papers such as that of Gustafsson (1992a,b) for countries such as Germany and Sweden. The same exercise has been performed by the present authors for a low-income, southern European country, Portugal, which has one of the highest rates of female participation (out of line with neighbouring countries). Female labour supply does not seem to be very sensitive to fiscal policies, as those policies have only a small influence on the take-home wage. This result appears to be independent of the fact that the female labour supply shows a higher elasticity to wages than that which has been reported for other countries. The present authors also show that Portuguese women contribute a much larger proportion of family earnings than do their counterparts in Sweden and Germany, and that the Portuguese fiscal system is rather neutral. Further studies with data from other countries are needed in order to shed more light on the issue of tax harmonization.
Forecasting power of social media sentiment time series

Social media are not only the new form of communication, but also give the ability to big industry players, like Facebook, to analyze overwhelming amounts of data about customers’ behavior. The focus of this study was to analyze if social media time series have the power to predict the evolution of financial markets. Despite the short time frame being analyzed, the study delivered promising results that social media time series may be a leading indicator for market behavior after special events. Building on my findings, an applied sentiment trading strategy delivered positive abnormal returns and statistically significant positive alpha in and out-of-sample.