Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronic Population Analysis on LCAO–MO Molecular Wave Functions. I

With increasing availability of good all‐electron LCAO MO (LCAO molecular orbital) wave functions for molecules, a systematic procedure for obtaining maximum insight from such data has become desirable. An analysis in quantitative form is given here in terms of breakdowns of the electronic population into partial and total ``gross atomic populations,'' or into partial and total ``net atomic populations'' together with ``overlap populations. '' ``Gross atomic populations'' distribute the electrons almost perfectly among the various AOs (atomic orbitals) of the various atoms in the molecule. From these numbers, a definite figure is obtained for the amount of promotion (e.g., from 2s to 2p) in each atom; and also for the gross charge Q on each atom if the bonds are polar. The total overlap population for any pair of atoms in a molecule is in general made up of positive and negative contributions. If the total overlap population between two atoms is positive, they are bonded; if negative, they are antibonded. Tables of gross atomic populations and overlap populations, also gross atomic charges Q, computed from SCF (self‐consistent field) LCAO‐MO data on CO and H2O, are given. The amount of s‐p promotion is found to be nearly the same for the O atom in CO and in H2O (0.14 electron in CO and 0.15e in H2O). For the C atom in CO it is 0.50e. For the N atom in N2 it is 0.26e according to calculations by Scherr. In spite of very strong polarity in the π bonds in CO, the σ and π overlap populations are very similar to those in N2. In CO the total overlap population for the π electrons is about twice that for the σ electrons. The most easily ionized electrons of CO are in an MO such that its gross atomic population is 94% localized on the carbon atom; these electrons account for the (weak) electron donor properties of CO. A comparison between changes of bond lengths observed on removal of an electron from one or another MO of CO and H2, and corresponding changes in computed overlap populations, shows good correlation. Several other points of interest are discussed.
Intellectual Capital Reporting: Challenge Of The Knowledge Economy

In the current dynamically changing discontinuous economy, there is an increasing need for new measures to guide future actions of business models developed to anticipate the surprise. Accordingly, researches on Intellectual Capital measurement and reporting continue gathering interest of corporate sectors. Although conglomerates have started applications of new methods, the challenge to integrate results with the generally accepted accounting systems continues. The key argument of this article is that most current methods of Intellectual Capital measurement are pertinent to the industrial world of the current era. The discussion surfaces the key strengths and weaknesses of the applied methods and how they need to be afresh given the changing assumptions about business strategy and competitive business environment. Based on this discussion a new perspective is proposed for the ever growing distribution companies. For the purpose of this article, the focus of discussion is on measurement rather than reporting. However, most of the arguments, observations and results obtained from a pilot study are relevant to both academics and practitioners in the accounting field. * Ass. Prof., Istanbul Commerce University, Industrial Engineering, gkayakutlu@iticu.edu. tr
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR TDOA-BASED SPEECH SOURCE LOCALIZATION

TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival)-based algorithms are common methods for speech source localization. Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC) method is the most important approach for estimating TDOA between microphone pairs. The performance of this method significantly degrades in the presence of noise and reverberation. In this paper, we firstly propose a modification to make GCC-PHAT method robust against environment noise. Then, we use an iterative technique that employs the location estimation to improve TDOAs accuracy. Extensive experiments show the capability of the proposed methods in significant increment of TDOA accuracy, and consequently, more accurate estimations of source location.
Faunal features of submarine canyons on the eastern Bering Sea slope

Some of the largest submarine canyons in the world incise the eastern Bering Sea shelf break. Here, we examine whether 5 large canyons (Bering, Pribilof, Zhemchug, Pervenets and Navarin) are faunally distinct features within the eastern Bering Sea. We compiled data from the eastern Bering Sea that included trawl survey data on fish and invertebrate distributions and observations of ocean conditions and benthic habitat. These data were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine if the canyons are distinguishable from the adjacent continental slope. We found that the 5 canyons are not faunally distinct features of the eastern Bering Sea slope but that the major characteristics structuring fish and invertebrate communities were depth, latitude and sediment rather than submarine canyons. One notable feature of these canyons is that about one quarter of the coral habitat predicted for the eastern Bering Sea slope occurs in Pribilof Canyon, an area that comprises only ~10% of the total slope area. The predicted coral habitat also extends westward to the adjacent slope, indicating that this coral habitat concentration is not unique to Pribilof Canyon but rather that it is typical for a larger area (Pribilof Canyon and westward).
The evidence based Management of Bronchiolitis

Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness in children under 12 months of age. Although much is known about the pathological features and manifestations of bronchiolitis, the optimal treatment for this condition if still unavailable. Various treatment modalities have been championed over the last few decades, with varying degree of success. The author has critically reviewed the most current literature on the effectiveness of some commonly used outpatient treatment modalities in the management of bronchiolits.
Tourism in sub-global assessments of ecosystem services

ABSTRACT Published in 2005, the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) stressed that influencing governments, businesses and communities to address the supra-national challenge of limiting biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation requires a fuller understanding of the range of values and benefits people derive from ecosystems, including tourism. The MA was informed by, and has shaped, several conceptually and methodologically distinctive sub-global assessments (SGAs) of ecosystem services. Through content analysis, this paper is the first detailed examination of how tourism features in 14 extant SGAs identified in a database held by a major supra-national environmental organization. Although the SGAs should have incorporated the widest range of specialist subject expertise, tourism scholars played only peripheral roles in producing them even for territories where tourism is a significant land use. The SGAs examined did not benefit from the extensive body of knowledge relating to sustainable tourism. Limited portrayals of tourism restrict the capacity of SGAs in their current format as management solutions. It is also contradictory to the ethos, principles and purpose of ecosystem assessments. With the ecosystem services perspective set to become more important to policy and decision making, the paper argues for greater incorporation of recent progress in sustainable tourism in ecosystem assessment.
The relationship between teachers’ work motivation and classroom goal orientation

We investigated the relationship between teachers’ work motivation and their self-reported endorsement of mastery goals i.e. goals focusing on learning and effort-, instead of performance goals i.e. goals focusing on competition-, in the classroom. 154 secondary school teachers in the Netherlands completed a questionnaire on background characteristics, work motivation, and classroom goal structures. We found that teachers with higher levels of autonomous motivation, scored high on their self-reported endorsement of mastery goals. Controlled motivation was a significant predictor of performance goals, but not of mastery goals. In contrast, autonomous motivation was found to be a small yet significant predictor of mastery goals. Additional analyses also indicated the importance of background characteristics such as gender, teaching experience in years and educational track. Our study shows that teachers’ motivation for their work significantly relates to the goals they reported for their pupils in their classroom.
Australian homicide rates: a comparison of three data sources

In Australia there are three main data collection systems that produce largely independent sets of statistics on homicide: the National Homicide Monitoring Program at the Australian Institute of Criminology, and the Recorded Crime Australia and Causes of Death collections managed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This paper provides a critical analysis of these data sources, based on a comparison of numbers and rates of homicide in Australia, 1993 to 2001, derived from the three sources, and also examines the degree to which they differ. It considers whether the differences have varied over time, and the reasons behind any differences observed.
Mothers Literacy and Support: Puberty Health in Their Adolescent Girls

Puberty is a transitional opportunity not to be missed and is accompanied with physical, Psychological and emotional changes. The aim of this study was to obtain the relationships between the level of mothers’ literacy and feelings and experiences during puberty on teenage girls. This study took place in Tehran among teenage students. For this Cross-Sectional study through Cluster random sampling the total number of 386 female students were selected. Three research structured questionnaires in the fields of physical, psychological and social health measured the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescent girls, were done. Data was described and analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistics. The average age of the subjects under study is 13.5 years old and the mean age at menarche was 12.5 years. Generally, 50% of the students had extensive knowledge and have more positive attitude towards health and puberty. Majority of the girls (79%) can completely define the meaning of puberty and its associated changes. 37% these students believed that it is a physiological phenomenon and about 46% considered this matter undesirable. Approximately 10% of these students experienced fear during menarche. Majority of the students’ performance regarding adolescent’s health were relatively excellent while one third of these students have excellent performance on this matter. Mothers were considered the most important source in providing the information and counseling and approximately two third of these girls have informed their mother first regarding their menarche before any others. This study showed that considering the mothers’ role in providing information and experiences in the field of adolescent health, mother’s education is still considered as a necessity to improve school literacy as well as health literacy.
Franc Zone: Stronger than ever?

The Franc Zone rests on an original mechanism, the compte d'operation (CO). This account gives the CFA a credible external convertibility backed by the French Treasury. We argue that the monetary policy imposed by the CO aims at balancing external accounts, in a manner inspired by the monetary approach of the balance of payments. This feature and the fixed nominal exchange rate identify the zone with a convertibility regime. Using a co-integration model adapted for panel data, we test the sensitivity of the money supply to external accounts in order to infer the CO efficiency for implementing external monetary adjustment. An incidental question also appears: what are the consequences of the 1994 devaluation for the nature of the regime? We adapt our test to obtain the difference between the ante- and the post-devaluation periods. We conclude that the zone behaves as a convertibility regime and that the devaluation reinforces, instead of weakens, its nature.
DRY MASS DISTRIBUTION AMONG INTERPHASE NUCLEI OF TRADESCANTIA AS DETERMINED BY X-RAY MICRORADIOGRAPHY AND MICROINTERFEROMETRY

The interphase nuclei of petal cells of Tradescantia paludosa, which showed an active protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) turnover but no detectable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) turnover, were assumed to be in metabolic interphase. These nuclei were estimated to have a dry mass of 0.25±0.03ng (mean and standard deviation) by X-ray microradiography, and 0.25±0.04ng by microinterferometry. The nuclear dry mass in this stage diverged wider (12.0-16.0%) than that in the interphase preceding meiosis (7.5%) and that in the zygotene stage of meiosis (3.4%). This divergency in dry mass is due mainly to an active turnover of nuclear acidic proteins, and may be an expression of divergent states in nuclear activity at the beginning of the differentiation period.
An energy interpretation of the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz boundary integral equation and its application to Sound Field synthesis

Most spatial audio reproduction systems have the constraint that all loudspeakers must be equidistant from the listener, a property which is difficult to achieve in real rooms. In traditional Ambisonics this arises because the spherical harmonic functions, which are used to encode the spatial sound-field, are orthonormal over a sphere and because loudspeaker proximity is not fully addressed. Recently, significant progress to lift this restriction has been made through the theory of sound field synthesis, which formalizes various spatial audio systems in a mathematical framework based on the single layer potential. This approach has shown many benefits but the theory, which treats audio rendering as a sound-soft scattering problem, can appear one step removed from the physical reality and also possesses frequencies where the solution is non-unique. In the time-domain Boundary Element Method approaches to address such non-uniqueness amount to statements which test the flow of acoustic energy rather than considering pressure alone. This paper applies that notion to spatial audio rendering by re-examining the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation as a wave-matching metric, and suggests a physical interpretation of its kernel in terms of common acoustic power flux density between waves. It is shown that the spherical basis functions (spherical harmonics multiplied by spherical Bessel or Hankel functions) are orthogonal over any arbitrary surface with respect to this metric. Finally other applications are discussed, including design of high-order microphone arrays and the coupling of virtual acoustic models to auralization hardware.
Characteristics of the carcass and quality of meat of male and female calves with different high-grain diets in confinement

The goal of the present study was to evaluatecharacteristics of the carcass and meat of steers and heifers, finished in feedlots and fed different high-grain diets. Forty-five bovines were used: 21 heifers, with an initial age of 32 months and initial weight of 359.9 kg, and 24 steers, with an initial age of 20 months and initial weight of 337.6 kg, from a Charolais × Nelore crossbreed. The animals were divided among the treatments, which were defined by the energy source used in the diet: rice, white oats, or corn; seven heifers and eight steers were used per diet treatment. The animals remained confined until reaching an estimated warm carcass weight of 220 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Weights at slaughter were higher for animals fed white oats (449.3 kg) or corn (430.4 kg) than for animals fed rice (401.8 kg). Higher carcass yields were found in corn-fed animals. Animals that received rice had lower coverfat thickness. The yields of the rib and hind-quarter commercial cuts were higher for cattle that received white oats or corn. Animals that received corn diets had greater arm circumference than animals that received white oatsand both were larger than animals that were fed rice. The tenderness (5.15 points) and palatability (5.46 points) of rice-fed animals werelower than those of animals fed white oats (5.73 and 6.40 points, respectively) or corn (6.04 and 6.45 points, respectively). Slaughter weights were similar between categories - 424.1 kg and 430.2 kg for steers and heifers, respectively. Steers had higher fore-quarter yield (38.0% vs.37.4%), whereas heifers had a greater carcass length (126.0 cm vs. 123.1 cm). The finishing of cattle with corn- or white oat-based high grain-diets yielded heavier carcasses, with adequate deposition of fat, andbetter performance of principal carcass cuts. Feeding with rice in high-grain diets produced leaner meats, but reduced carcass weight, with greater losses upon cooling and less tender meat. The production of confined heifers or steers ensures similar meat products.
Effects of Response Order on Likert-Type Scales

The study investigated whether the change of response order in a Likert-type scale altered participant responses and scale characteristics. Response order is the order in which options of a Likert-type scale are offered. The sample included 490 college students and 368 junior high school students. Scale means with different response orders were compared. Structural equation modeling was used to test the invariance of interitem correlations, covariances, and factor structure across scale formats and educational levels. The results indicated that response order had no substantial influence on participant responses and scale characteristics. Motivating participants and avoiding ambiguous items may minimize possible effects of scale format on participant responses and scale properties.
TEARING BEHAVIOUR OF FABRIC USING VARIOUS TESTING

For a textile product, its serviceability is often likely determinates by the physical performance. Among various kinds of physical behavior, tearing and tensile are two main domains of interest of research. However, only rupture caused by tearing is much more closely related to real life usage. Previous researches and studies all showed that tearing of textile is a complicated phenomenon. In this paper, ISO standards 13937 part 1 to 4 was used for determining of tear force of fabric samples. The Elmendorf, Trouser, Wing and Tongue tear were used for testing chosen fabrics. The results of each test were compared and it was found that no abrupt variation of results of the same fabric obtained from each type of the test can be seen.
Aggregate Production Function, Its Determinants and Their Impacts on Aggregate Output: Case of Bahrain

In this paper an attempt is made to examine and analyse the influence of a few determinants of the level of real output (RGDP) of Kingdom of Bahrain, using Aggregate Cobb-Douglas Production Function (APF). Besides the inputs of labor (LF) and capital accumulation (GCF), two other factors believed to have essential impacts on the level of aggregate output, namely expenditure on educating (EDUR) and life expectancy (LIFEXP) are added to the traditional Cobb-Douglas production function as determinants of real output. Time series data on all the relevant variables have been used and tested for stationarity and association among them, using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test of unit root and Co-integration test. The null hypothesis of unit root in Augmented Dickey-Fuller test is rejected and we conclude that the data are stationary at first difference. Co-integration test indicates only long-run associations amongst the variables in the analysis. VAR technique is used to examine the variability of the RGDP of Bahrain. Important finding of this analysis is that all inputs – capital accumulation (GCF), labor force LF), expenditures on education (EDUR) and life expectancy have significant impact on the level of GDP, but in varying degrees. LF has the most powerful influence while GCF has the least as suggested by the elasticity of output with respect to labor force and capital formation. Moreover, increasing return to scale is indicated.
Determinants of children’s schooling: The case of Tigray Region, Ethiopia

We analyze the determinants of educational outcomes of primary school children in Tigray region of Ethiopia using a survey data gathered from four villages in 2013. Four different measures of schooling were used to examine the impact of household and child-specific factors. First, we examine the determinants of school attendance (ever-attendance, current enrollment) using probit model. We then analyze determinants of schooling progression (highest and relative grade attainment) for children who have ever-attended school using Heckman’s sample selection model. The results reveal that child age, the literacy of household head and of adult male family members and household income as measured by per capita consumption expenditure had a significantly positive impact on most of the measures of children’s schooling outcomes analyzed. The estimates of birth-order revealed that first born children had better schooling outcomes in terms of ever-attendance and timely progression in school, while family size had a negative influence on both schooling progression indicators. These findings can help design differentiated policy interventions for influencing schooling attendance and progressions.
La personnification du Meurtre de brahmane

There still are living traditions in Tamil Nadu about kings being persecuted by personified brahmahatyā. At Tiruvidaimarudur a ninth-century representation of this theme can be observed (pl. Ia) along with a unique, contemporary representation of a shivering male figure who is to be identified with the king who expiates his sin visiting temples after temples before obtaining forgiveness at Tribhuvanam (pls. Ib,c; II a,b). The submission of kings to Brahmans is implied. Later iconographies of Killing of Brahman like those at Senji (pl. VI) strictly adhere to the early Chola model. In Hoysaḷa temples of the eleventh-twelfth century the female figures accompanying halfnaked personages carrying a stick and a coiled snake ( pls. Ib,c; II a,b; III c,d: IV a,b; IVc) have also been identified with Brahmanhatyās persecuting Śiva after his cutting Brahmā’s fifth head, in accordance with Puranic literature, where Killing of Brahman is personified as a young woman. However, this interpretation cannot be shared. The male personage is not Śiva, but probably a Kāpālika ascetic accompanied by his female partner (often shown in yonimudrā, cf. pl. V a), who hurl bawdy insults at each other. In fact the stick held by the ascetic is that of a magician, and the snake represents kuṇḍalinī.