Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid-protein microdomains in tonoplast of Beta vulgaris L.: comparison between the results obtained by detergent and detergent-free isolation techniques

Abstract Objective The membranes of plant and animal cells contain lipid-protein microdomains (LPMs) in their structure. We aimed to compare biochemical and biophysical characteristics of LPMs isolated by the two techniques from beet root tonoplast. Methods For the purposes of comparison the biochemical characteristics of LPMs the content of protein (Bradford’s method), the content of lipids (gravimetric method) were assessed. For the purpose of separating different kinds of lipids, one-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC), two-dimensional TLC and different specific systems of solvents were used. The content of fatty acids and sterols was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry correspondingly. In order to determine the orderings of the lipids in LPMs the laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy was used. Results Significant differences were revealed as a result of investigation of biochemical and biophysical characteristics of LPMs. The total content of proteins was substantially higher (4 times as large) in LPMs identified by the detergent-free technique than in LPMs identified by the detergent technique. The orderings of lipids in LPMs isolated by detergent-free technique was substantially lower than that of LPMs isolated by detergent technique. Conclusion These results may suggest an existence of several types of LPMs in tonoplast.
Clarithromycin Transport by Gingival Fibroblasts and

Macrolide antibiotics penetrate cells, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of clarithromycin uptake by gingival fibroblasts and oral epithelium. Cultured human gingival fibroblasts and SCC-25 cells were incubated with [ 3 H]-clarithromycin. We assayed clarithromycin transport by measuring cellassociated radioactivity over time. Fibroblasts and epithelial cells rapidly accumulated clarithro mycin, attaining steady-state intracellular concentrations within 15 minutes. Incubation in medium containing 2 g/mL clarithromycin yielded steady-state intracellular concentrations of 75.8 g/mL in fibroblasts and 6.6 g/mL in SCC25 cells. Clarithromycin transport exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was inhibited below 37°C. The Michaelis constants for fibro blasts and SCC-25 cells were 78.4 and 227 g/mL, respectively, while the maximum transport velocities were 264 and 381 ng/min/10 6 cells, respectively. Thus, both types of cells take up clarithromyci n via a concentrative active transport system. By increasing intracellular clarithromycin levels, this system may enhance the effectiveness of clarithromyci n against invasive periodontal pathogens.
Comparative Cost and Effort of Fish Distribution Detection via Environmental DNA Analysis and Electrofishing

Fisheries conservation requires accurate knowledge of species identities and distributions. Fisheries are typically assessed via capture-based sampling, but managers frequently are unable to conduct extensive surveys due to budgetary constraints. Sampling of environmental DNA (eDNA) released by fish is a potentially cost-effective approach that could improve species detection per unit effort. However, eDNA methods have not been widely adopted, in part because the cost and effort of eDNA versus traditional sampling are often unclear to managers. We compared the monetary costs and sampling effort required to assess the distribution of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a Wisconsin watershed using both electrofishing and eDNA. We detected Brook Trout via both electrofishing and eDNA. The eDNA analysis required lower sampling effort and 67% less cost than triple-pass electrofishing. However, eDNA was more expensive than presence–absence electrofishing, and no population structure information was obtained. O.
MUTATIONS IN THE RPOB GENE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IDENTIFIED BY SEQUENCING METHOD

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the mutation in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), using by sequencing method from pulmonary specimens of presumptive TB patients belonging to the districts of Tamil Nadu. Methods: A total of 8697 clinical specimens of presumptive MTB patients were collected from various districts of Tamil Nadu. Smear microscopy was performed by light emitting diode fluorescent microscopy and all the smear positive samples were tested using line probe assay (LPA) to detect the percentage of drug resistance pattern and to identify the missing mutation in LPA by the sequencing method. Results: Among 4897 smear positives subjected to LPA method; 407 (8.3%) MTB was not detected and 16 (0.3%) showed invalid result; 4473 (91.4%) strains showed MTB positive; 3695 (82.6%) were sensitive for both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) drugs; 502 (11.2%) were resistance for INH; 73 (1.6%) resistant for RIF; 203 (4.5%) were resistance for RIF and INH. Totally, 52 (1.2%) strains results cannot be confirmed by LPA and reported as sensitive for RIF, because of the faint and the missing bands in both wild type and mutation. These strains were sequenced and 39 (75%) strains showed resistant to RIF. Conclusion: Hence LPA may be the molecular technology for the rapid, feasible and reliable method for the detection of multidrug resistant mutation but few confusion bands cannot be reported as resistance, which should be confirmed by either conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing or by sequencing method. Keywords: Line probe assay, Sequencing, Mutation, Multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
The Use of Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques for the Identification of Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal analysis is an increasingly important diagnostic procedure in numer- ous areas of clinical medicine that includes haematology, perinatology or obstetrics. Chromosomal disorders are viewed as a major category of genetic diseases, and some- times the identification of abnormal chromosomes is not easily applicable. Just like the identification of the marker chromosome or the identification of the complex karyotypes is important in clinics for the evaluation of the patient prognosis as well as the treatment response, needless to say; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the most suitable and rapid method in the above-mentioned situations. It gives chance to the rapid analysis of chromosomal aneuploidies in dividing and non-dividing cells. In this chapter, we will discuss the general principles of the chromosomal abnormalities and the molecular cytogenetic techniques that can help the identification of presence or absence of a par- ticular DNA sequence or the evaluation of the number of organization of a chromosome or chromosomal region.
Spinal cord gene expression changes in the chicken (Gallus gallus) model of phenyl saligenin phosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.iv DECLARATION OF WORK PERFORMED.v TABLE OF CONTENTS.vi TABLE OF FIGURES.viii TABLE OF TABLES.x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.xi CHAPTER 1: Introduction.1 HYPOTHESIS AND SPECIFIC AIMS . 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 5 Introduction and history.5 Clinical findings . 5 Structural abnormalities . 6 Mechanistic investigations.7 CHAPTER 2: Identification of Differentially Expressed mRNA Transcripts in the Spinal Cord of Gallus Gallus 24 Hours Post-Exposure to Phenyl Saligenin Phosphate.24 INTRODUCTION . 24 SPECIFIC QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE.28 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS . 35 MATERIAL AND METHODS . 37 Targeted display method overview and development . 37 Treatments . 42 Brain esterase measurements . 42 Targeted display . 42 Northern blotting.51 RESULTS . 54 Clinical signs . 54 Brain esterase activities . 54 Targeted display . 54 Northern blotting.60 DISCUSSION . 64 CHAPTER 3: Temporal Changes in Phenyl Saligenin Phosphate-Induced Spinal Cord Expression of α-Tubulin, P1, P2 (KIAA1307) and P3 Transcripts.69 INTRODUCTION . 69 SPECIFIC QUESTION AND RATIONALE.72 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS . 75 MATERIALS AND METHODS.76 RESULTS . 77 DISCUSSION . 85 CHAPTER 4: Cellular and Differential Cellular Spinal Cord Expression of α-Tubulin, P1 and P2 (KIAA1307) in Phenyl Saligenin Phosphate Treated Gallus Gallus.90 INTRODUCTION . 90
SELF-PERCEPTIONS AND SELF-ESTEEM IN ADOLESCENT RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS: IS TRAINING LEVEL A DETERMINANT?

The purpose of this study was to examine Self-Perceptions and Self-Esteem in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts of different training levels. One hundred female rhythmic gymnasts (32 competitive and 68 recreational level gymnasts), aged 13-15 years, participated in this study. Participants’ Self-Perception and Self-esteem were evaluated through the Greek version of Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1986;2012; Makri-Mpotsari, 2001) which measures nine specific domains of self-perception (Scholastic Competence, Relations with Peers, Relations with Parents, Mathematics Competence, Athletic Competence, Physical Appearance, Language Competence, Behavioral Conduct, Close Friends) consisting of 5-items each. The inventory also includes a ten-item Global Self-Worth scale that measures Self-Esteem. In addition, gymnasts provided information on their training. Competitive level gymnasts scored higher than recreational in the domain of Relations with Parents (p=0.027, d=0.50) and in Global Self-Worth (p=0.046, d=0.45). No differences were found between groups in other self-perception domains (p=0.068 to 0.611, d=0.41 to 0.10). Engaging in competitive sport may enhance adolescent athletes’ Self-Esteem and it is likely that this engagement strengthens the relations of the gymnasts with their parents. Further research is required on the association between training level and Self-Perception domains, and in particular in the case of adolescent female athletes.
AUTOMATED FARE CALCULATION IN METRO TRAIN USING FACE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION

-There has been tremendous advancement in the field of computing in the last two decades. Human face is the most dominant characteristic which is used to verify/authenticate a person amongst group of people. Face detection technology is developed for detecting facial features and ignores background images or cluttered images. Computer-based face recognition system has revolutionized the way the world works around these days, as government agencies (law and justice enforcement) are readily accepting this technology as a standard method for recognizing the uniqueness in a human beings. The proposed system is based on facial recognition that can be used by Metro train System for easing up the process of fare calculation deduction system by means of automating the system using cameras placed at the entry gate, inside the metro rail and at the exit gate. This system will help in saving the man hours required for vending out tokens/ tickets/ smart cards in the metro system. This system will also increase the accuracy and will help in replacing traditional fare calculation activity which is perform daily.
Novel Method for Realizing 1000+ Electrode Array in Epi- or Subretinal Prosthesis

From theoretical modelling, it is projected that a retinal device with 1000+ electrodes could provide face recognition, reading ability and functional vision. This challenging purpose, however, has a restriction to realize the boundaries of electrode carrier area with its corresponding electrode diameter to accommodate 1000+ microelectrodes and safeguard charge density, temperature increase at the device, and provide focal retinal stimulation, i.e. one active electrode excites a single cell. Here we introduce the strength electrode-separation curve and ‘optimization window of epior subretinal stimulation’ that answer the previously stated challenges. Further, a large-scale cell simulation is presented, which is a technique to obtain the optimal inter-electrode distance in epior subretinal stimulation.
BEAM-GAS BACKGROUND CALCULATION FOR DEAR

The present paper describes the results obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation of the particles lost in the DAY-ONE Interaction Region (IR) of the DAΦNE machine. Coulomb scattering on the nuclei of residual gas and beam-gas Bremsstrahlung, which are the main sources of background in the initial phase of machine operation, were considered. A ray-tracking program (TURTLE) was used to follow the trajectories of the particles in the rings and to evaluate the number of particles that hit the vacuum chamber in the interaction region.
The use of genetic, manual and chemical methods to control pollination in vegetable hybrid seed production: a review

Production of hybrid varieties of vegetable crops is currently a desired breeding goal, due to their remarkable agronomic performance and to the possibility of intellectual property protection. However, efficient hybrid production requires a careful pollination control to guarantee the hybrid nature of F1 seed. Several technologies ranging from manual emasculation to genetic transformation are used to inhibit pollen production in mother plants. In this review, we examine the principles underlying strategies like genetically determined systems (genic male sterility, cytoplasmic–genic male sterility, self-incompatibility) and other methods (manual emasculation, chemical-hybridizing agents) in different species, considering the benefits and drawbacks of their adoption. Finally, we present the current state of the art for vegetable hybrid seed production.
The architectural design of trees protects them against large herbivores

Summary Where large browsers are abundant, the survival of trees depends on their ability to deploy defences, either chemical or structural. Structural defences include the arrangement of dense and intricate architecture, termed ‘cage’ architecture. Previous studies showed that trees developing in herbivore-rich environments tend to have more cage architecture but its precise effect on mammalian herbivores remains unknown. In this paper, we experimentally test how cage architecture affects the bite rate of goats, a generalist mammalian herbivore. We selected 11 palatable tree species with contrasting architectures. We described their caginess using an index combining spinescence and woodiness of their stems. Finally, we evaluated how the caginess of trees slows down herbivores when feeding on the inner leaves in tree crowns. We observed that the bite rate of goats on inner leaves of the cagiest trees was so severely reduced that they could not satisfy their daily nutritional requirements. We discuss how this could affect the preference of wild herbivores for less cagy trees, especially at the end of the dry season. A lay summary is available for this article.
PAFAH1B1 and NDEL1 in the Cetartiodactyla superorder: Investigating adaptive evolution in two cerebral gyrification genes in Orcinus orca and Tursiops truncatus

Cerebral gyrencephaly, distinguished by the convoluted folds and grooves in the cerebral cortex, occurs in many animals in Class Mammalia. The highest rates of cerebral gyrification occur in Order Cetacea within the Superorder Cetartiodactyla. Of all cetaceans, two members of Family Delphinidae, Orcinus orca (killer whales) and Tursiops truncatus (Atlantic bottlenose dolphins) have exceptionally high indices of cerebral gyrification. Research has shown that mutation in two genes, PAFAH1B1 and NDEL1, both located on human chromosome 17, disrupt gyrencephaly normally observed in human brains. Based on this research, PAFAH1B1 and NDEL1 were evaluated for positive selection in Orcinus orca and Tursiops truncatus, to test the hypothesis that these genes are undergoing adaptive evolution against the background of purifying selection. The results of multiple selection tests supported a set of null hypotheses, indicating that these genes were under purifying, not positive, selection, which supports the hypothesis that delphinid cerebral gyrification is not under the control of either PAFAH1B1 or NDEL1.
Co-production of parasporal crystal toxins and antimicrobial substances by Bacillus thuringiensis BAR 3

Co-production of antimicrobial substances and insecticidal compounds by Bacillus thuringiensis BAR 3 was investigated. The cell free supernatant (CFS) of B. thuringiensis showed inhibitory activities against both Gram positive ( B. thuringiensis IFO13866 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram negative (Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29906) bacteria. Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29906 was the most sensitive to the CFS and the inhibition zone diameter was 10.10 mm. Maximum production of both the endotoxin and antimicrobial substances were achieved when the basal medium (3 g/L beef extract, 5g/L peptone and 8g/L NaCl) was supplemented with 10 g/L glucose, 3 g/L yeast extract, 2 g/L KH2PO4, 1 g/L MgSO 4 , at pH of 7. The antimicrobial activity of the CFS was stable over a wide range of pH (2-8) and temperature (30-100°C) but the activity was completely lost after autoclaving for 15 min at 121°C. The antimicrobial activity was unaffected by amylase and catalase but was nearly completely denatured by protease and proteinase K. Under the optimum culture condition, the total Bacillius thuringiensis cell count was 1.30 × 10 12 (cfu/ml) with 97% sporulation (spore count was 1.26×10 12 cfu/ml) and the LC 50 was 0.096 mg/L against third instar larvar of Culex pipens . Keywords : Bio-insecticide, anti-microbial substances, Bacillus thuringiensis, endotoxin, sporulation.
Effect of pH on inorganic Phosphate solubilisation by microorganisms isolated from Trans Himalayan Region of Himachal Pradesh

Various Phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSM) were isolated from the natural habitats of Populus alba from Lahaul and Spiti valleys of Himachal Pradesh. The PSB isolated belonged to genera Bacillus and Micrococcus while the PSF isolated frequently belonged to species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. The isolates with high efficiency for tricalcium phosphate solubilisation, were further tested for their capacities to solubilise Mussoorie Rock Phosphae (MRP), Udaipur Rock Phosphate (URP) and North Carolina Rock Phosphate (NCRP) at different pH ranges. The bacterial isolate PBC2 (Bacillus) was reported to be highly efficient under alkaline conditions while amongst fungi PFC6 (Aspergillus niger) was solubilising maximum insoluble phosphate under acidic conditions.
Toward the Design and Implementation of the Hosted Private Cloud

—In recent years, cloud computing products and services are widely used by enterprises, companies and individuals in their daily tasks. Among different cloud computing models, private cloud is more appropriate for small and medium business (SMB) from the perspectives of security, control and reliability. However, the complexity of deployment, conﬁguration and management of cloud computing infrastructure causes additional efforts and costs, especially because SMBs usually do not have enough IT resources. Therefore, the hosted private cloud model is developed to achieve higher usability by masking the complexities from users, and keep the advantages of private cloud at the same time. In this paper, based on previous virtualization solution, the design and the implementation of hosted private cloud are introduced.
The mitochondrial genome of the sooty swift (Cypseloides fumigatus)

Abstract We assembled the mitogenome of Cypseloides fumigatus based on off-target sequences from ultraconserved elements sequencing. We found a total length of 16,850 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region, organized in the standard avian gene order. We have built a phylogenetic tree including 26 species of swifts that suggested C. fumigatus as sister species of C. cryptus, and indicated exciting opportunities for biogeographic inferences involving most continents, including Neartic vs Neotropical disjunctions and local radiations across the globe. Finally, we found cases of lack of reciprocal monophyly between named species and high intra-specific divergence, suggesting that population-level studies are warranted.
Development of Turbine Blade Generator Using UGS NX 2.0

This paper details the process of developing a turbine blade generator that incorporates design methodology to the specifications of a leading aerospace company. The project encompasses the research and development of generating turbine blade geometry using UGS NX 2.0, Knowledge Fusion, and UI Styler. A milestone for the aerospace manufacturer is to reduce the design and engineering timeframe to produce a turbine engine, and in doing so, several practices need to be automated to reduce production time. A group of Computer Graphics Technology (CGT) students from Purdue University collaborated with a leading aerospace company to determine if automation of turbine blade geometry was possible in the UGS NX 2.0 environment using Knowledge Fusion. The students’ main goal was to justify the time savings of the automated turbine blades within the computer-aided design (CAD) system and document the limitations of the UGS NX 2.0 release. The following paper will document the process of the automation of turbine blade geometry.
Methane emissions and growth performance of young Nellore bulls fed crude glycerine- v. fibre-based energy ingredients in low or high concentrate diets

SUMMARY A total of 70 Nellore bulls (18 ± 3 months of age) were used to determine the effects of crude glycerine (CG) replacing starch- v. fibre-based energy ingredients in low (LC; 0·40 concentrate) or high concentrate (HC; 0·60 concentrate) – on a dry matter (DM) basis – on DM intake (DMI), methane emissions and growth. Ten bulls were slaughtered (reference group) to obtain the carcass gain (CrG). The 60 remaining bulls (374 ± 24·5 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two concentrate levels, LC or HC; and three feeding regimes, FR). The FR were: CO – without CG and maize as an ingredient of concentrate; CGM – inclusion of CG (0·10 of DM) replacing maize in the concentrate; and CGSH – inclusion of CG (0·10 of DM) replacing soybean hulls (SH) in the concentrate. Bulls fed LC or HC had similar DMI (kg/d) and growth. The DMI and average daily gain (ADG) were similar among FR. Concentrate level and FR tended to interact for methane emissions (g) per kg DMI. Bulls fed CGM had a greater G : F (g CrG/kg DMI) than those fed CO or CGSH diets. Increasing dietary concentrate (0·40–0·60) did not affect intake, methane emissions, or growth. Inclusion of CG in diets to replace SH in LC diets tended to decrease methane emissions from animals. When CG replaces SH in the diets, CrG and G:F (g CrG/kg DMI) are decreased compared with bulls fed CGM.