Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient sensor errors and their impact on fixed-bed regenerator (FBR) testing standards

Fixed-bed regenerators (FBRs) are a favorable option for energy recovery in building HVAC systems due to their high sensible effectiveness. Unlike other types of energy recovery exchangers, the air temperature at the outlet of FBRs varies with time, which creates challenges when measuring the outlet temperature and effectiveness of FBRs since the actual outlet air temperature will include the transient response of the FBR and the temperature sensor. In this article, a validated numerical model of FBRs that takes into account the sensor response is used to quantify the temperature and effectiveness errors that result due to sensors’ response characteristics over a wide range of design parameters. The main contributions of this article are the practical recommendations for the temperature measurement for different types of FBRs developed for HVAC applications. The recommendations presented in this article could be implemented in future versions of the current standards (ASHRAE 84 and CSA C439-18 standards) for performance testing of air-to-air energy exchangers.
Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Cancer: Recent Updates

Brain tumors, especially glioblastoma, remain the most aggressive form of all the cancers because of inefficient diagnosis and profiling. Nanostructures, such as metallic nanostructures, silica nano-vehicles, quantum dots, lipid nanoparticles (NPs) and polymeric NPs, with high specificity have made it possible to permeate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). NPs possess optical, magnetic and photodynamic properties that can be exploited by surface modification, bio composition, contrast agents’ encapsulation and coating by tumor-derived cells. Hence, nanotechnology has brought on a revolution in the field of diagnosis and imaging of brain tumors and cancers. Recently, nanomaterials with biomimetic functions have been introduced to efficiently cross the BBB to be engulfed by deep skin tumors and cancer malignancies for imaging. The review focuses on nanotechnology-based diagnostic and imaging approaches for exploration in brain tumors and cancers. Moreover, the review also summarizes a few strategies to image glioblastoma and cancers by multimodal functional nanocomposites for more precise and accurate clinical diagnosis. Their unique physicochemical attributes, including nanoscale sizes, larger surface area, explicit structural features and ability to encapsulate diverse molecules on their surface, render nanostructured materials as excellent nano-vehicles to cross the blood–brain barrier and convey drug molecules to their target region. This review sheds light on the current progress of various kinds of nanomaterials, such as liposomes, nano-micelles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots and NPs (gold, silver and zinc oxide NPs), for efficient drug delivery in the treatment and diagnosis of brain cancer.
Attic Oil Recovery in the Alvheim Field

The Boa and Kameleon accumulations in the Alvheim field have thin oil rims developed with long horizontal wells. Several of the latest wells are characterized as attic infill wells, drilled in the remaining oil rim, close to the gas cap, and shallower than the early wells. Autonomous inflow control technology is a key enabler for these wells. This paper describes the design, execution and performance review of a Boa attic well. This well combined passive and autonomous inflow control devices (AICD). The AICDs used were tested with Alvheim fluid in the laboratory. A clear lower completion strategy was essential in the planning and execution of this well, e.g. to use AICD close to the gas cap and to design inflow linked to estimated oil per drainage area. 4D seismic interpretation, pilot wells information and deep resistivity logging while drilling were other critical factors to plan and optimize the well path. Tracers were mounted in the sand screens to monitor clean-up, inflow per zone and the onset of water production. The steady state inflow model was used extensively in the execution and review phases. Pilot wells information and logging while drilling enabled successful geo-steering. During the drilling phase, the steady-state model was updated with the as-drilled information and the lower completion design adjusted to get what was estimated to be an optimal inflow. Tracers sampled during the clean-up indicated good clean-up of the entire well. The initial well performance with no water and low free gas amounts gave a larger pressure drop than expected. A later tracer based chemical PLT gave also slightly different results than expected. Pressure data, tracer data, log data and the effective multi-phase AICD model were thoroughly investigated to derive scenarios, that could explain this discrepancy. The most likely scenario gives a good history match for both pressure and tracers and gives extra insight into key reservoir parameters, zonal inflow and the effective behavior of the AICDs during multi-phase flow. The well has exceeded pre-drill production rate expectations, despite the larger than expected pressure drop. This is partly explained by the autonomous choking on gas inflow along the wellbore. The post-review evaluation enables continuous improvements for Alvheim and similar fields.
Efficacy of Various Herbicides for the Control of Perennial Plantago spp. and Effects on Alfalfa Damage and Yield

Broadleaf (Plantago major L.) and buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are perennial weeds that are notoriously difficult to control in alfalfa cropping systems. Sharpen® (saflufenacil) herbicide has been registered for broadleaf weed control in dormant alfalfa, although it has not been evaluated on plantain control. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of saflufenacil on plantain control with assessments of damage to alfalfa and effects on yield. In the greenhouse, applications of saflufenacil alone caused greater injury to both broadleaf and buckhorn plantain compared to the non-treated control (NTC). Additionally, applications of saflufenacil in combination with other herbicides (imazethapyr or imazamox) caused the greatest amount of injury to both broadleaf and buckhorn plantain compared to all other commercially available herbicide treatments. However, this injury was not enough to effectively control the weeds and prevent recovery and regrowth over time. In the field, alfalfa did not exhibit damage symptoms, or have reduced yield when treated with saflufenacil compared to the NTC. This research indicates that applications of saflufenacil provided temporary injury throughout the duration of the study to both broadleaf and buckhorn plantain with few negative effects to alfalfa in the field.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF PRE-COLUMBIAN PERUVIAN FUNERARY BUNDLES OF THE CHANCAY CULTURE

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of the absolute dating of 31 pre-Columbian funerary bundles excavated on the Cerro Colorado site located in the northern part of the Peruvian Central Coast, where the Chancay culture developed in the last centuries before the Spanish invasion. The typical custom in this region was to wrap the dead with textiles and a vegetal material, by which the bundle was created. The funerary bundles of the Cerro Colorado differed in terms of the complexity, quantity and quality of the materials used (especially textiles and metal ornament). Before our project, there was not a single radiocarbon (14C) date for an undisturbed Chancay tomb, which made it impossible to understand the temporal dependency between the elaborated, standard, and modest bundles. Our results finally shed light on their proper chronological position, also demonstrating that the most elaborate bundles were created between the 13th and 15th centuries.
Toward the Synthesis of [4.2.1]di-azabicyclic Systems

Conformationally restricted bicyclic amines have been found to be very useful scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Examples can be found in the chemical literature for the application of conformationally restricted diamines. These molecules can be used as enzyme inhibitors or GPCR ligands. Conformational restriction can improve affinity and selectivity toward receptors. The stereochemical diversity-oriented approach is a method that explores stereochemical effects in small molecule ligands for proteins. It is an effective strategy when the bioactive conformation of a ligand and the pharmacophore of the binding site are unknown. These concepts are applied in the design the target [4.2. 1]di-azabicyclic compounds. The nitrogen atoms can be functionalized differently if they are protected appropriately to provide increased structural diversity. The shift of the nitrogen atom along the four-atom bridge provides the opportunity to scan a broad region of space. The modified approach of the synthesis toward these targets utilizes selective oxidation/reduction and stereochemically well-defined reactions to modify the functional groups and stereochemistry in the compound. This paper describes the research done so far to obtain these conformationally restricted diamine targets and the characterization of the novel intermediates. Toward the Synthesis of [4.2. 1]di-azabicyclic Systems
Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophenes on Ionic Liquid Phase Support using the Gewald Reaction

Abstract The first report of the use of task‐specific ionic liquid as soluble support for the Gewald synthesis of 2‐aminothiophenes is reported in this article. This synthetic method is simple and efficient, and the products are obtained in good to excellent yields with high purities, without the need for chromatographic purification.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Beta Ketols: Conformations and Nature of the Chelated Species

Abstract For five β-ketols of varying substitutions, analysis of the associated v OH band, and examination of the X-ray data of analogous fragments evidence two different intramolecular association processes of weak and high energy, respectively attributed to eclipsed or bisected chelates. MM2 or semi empirical calculations do not give results quite consistent with experiment, suggesting some caution as to their use for interpreting hydrogen bonding effects in such systems.
Account of non-diagonal coupling between d electrons at describing the transition-metal pair potentials

In the framework of the Wills-Harrison (WH) model the correction due to the non-diagonal coupling between d electrons in different atoms is suggested. Effect of this correction on the WH effective pair interaction is studied for liquid Fe, Co, and Ni. It is found that our approach gives a shift of the WH pair potential to the right-hand side for all metals under consideration (in most degree for Fe and in less degree for Ni). As a rule, such tendency leads to significant changes in calculating thermodynamic properties.
Safety Operation of n-DOF Serial Hydraulic Manipulator in Constrained Motion with Consideration of Contact-Loss Fault

In consideration of accidental contact-loss due to step-change or accidentally moving out of a constrained framework, this paper focuses on solving this problem during working processes of an n-degree-of-freedom hydraulic manipulator (n-DOF manipulator). In order to overcome this phenomenon, a fault detection methodology-based virtual energy tank is employed with a shaping function to prevent the end-effector from damage or unexpected motion. This technique helps to detect when the contact-loss happens by a virtual energy variable; thus, decoupling a force control regulation. Moreover, a new trajectory for smooth motion after contact-loss detection is also discussed to increase system robustness. Additionally, to enhance tracking performance, adaptive laws are designed to compensate for system uncertainties. Comparative simulations are given on the n-DOF hydraulic manipulator to evaluate effectiveness of the impedance-based energy tank methodology under the sudden step-changed environment. Moreover, influences of control gains and setup energy parameters to the system behaviors when contact-loss happens are remarkably discussed as indispensable criteria for further development. The simulated results certified the superior effectiveness and reliability of the suggested methodology over the conventional impedance control for safe operation.
Alcohol Dehydrogenases Deletion to Increase Yield of Isobutyrate

Introduction Methacrylic acid is one of the most crucial chemical feedstocks in the material industry and there is a high quantity demand of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which is the ester form of methacrylic acid. Every year million tons of methyl methacrylate is produced to synthesize polymethyl metharylate (PMMA) which is a thermoplastic material and it is used as a light or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. Therefore, to come up with a method for producing methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate becomes a popular topic of research in biosynthesis area. There are several traditional methods being used in the industry and the most common one is reacting acetone with hydrogen cyanide to generate acetone cyanohydrins and then treat it with sulfuric acid to form methyl methacrylate. However, because of side products and reaction condition, these two traditional methods require high quality of controlling harmful chemicals and hard to increase the yield of target product. What’s worse, the reactants are not renewable and emission will damage the environment. Figure 1: Two traditional synthesis processes.
Examining the Magnetic Geometry of Magnetic Flux Ropes from the View of Single-point Analysis

Magnetic flux ropes, characterized as magnetic field lines that wrap and rotate around a central axis, are observed ubiquitously in the space-plasma environment. Accurately examining the physical parameters (e.g., axis orientation, helical handedness, current density, curvature radius, and size) of flux ropes is essential for studying their evolution and associated dynamics. The geometric parameters of flux ropes can be resolved by a cluster of at least four spacecraft with the separation scale much smaller than the flux ropes. However, most spacecraft missions are of single-point measurements, especially for the missions on other planets (e.g., Mars, Venus, Mercury), thus, the method for investigating the flux ropes based on single-point measurements becomes particularly important. A single-point method that infers the axis orientation of flux ropes was recently developed by Rong et al. Here, we apply this method to study two flux ropes observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS), one close to the force-free field and the other close to the non-force-free field, by comparing them with the multipoint analysis of MMS. Our study demonstrates that, apart from axis orientation, the method of Rong et al. can reasonably infer the current density, curvature radius of magnetic field, and the transverse size of flux ropes. We discussed the main error sources of calculated parameters, and suggest that it is worthwhile to widely apply the method by Rong et al. to single-point spacecraft missions for the purpose of examining the geometry and dynamics of flux ropes.
The Interaction between Higher Education Institutions and Professional Bodies in the Context of Digital Transformation: The Case of Brazilian Accountants

The business economy experienced major changes during the last three decades. The social and economic globalization associated with the fourth revolution put the accounting profession under great pressure toward harmonization and convergence. Still, the route to become a qualified professional accountant varies from country to country all over the world. This paper seeks to understand the evolution of the accounting profession in Brazil and focus on the interaction between higher education institutions (HEIs) and professional bodies, in the context of digital transformation. It is an exploratory study. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data about the perception of the directors of first-degree programs regarding the autonomy of HEIs in defining the curricular contents intended to qualify accounting professionals. The findings show that HEIs are highly influenced by the professional order and Ministry of Education. The limitation associated with this research is that it focusses on one particular professional group in one country.
Hydrologic regimes drive nutrient export behavior in human
impacted watersheds

Abstract. Agricultural watersheds are significant contributors to downstream nutrient excess issues. The timing and magnitude of nutrient mobilization in these watersheds are driven by a combination of anthropogenic, hydrologic, and biogeochemical factors that operate across a range of spatial and temporal scales. However, how, when, and where these complex factors drive nutrient mobilization has previously been difficult to capture with low-frequency or spatially limited datasets. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed daily nitrate concentration (c) and discharge (Q) data for a four-year period (2016–2019) from five nested, agricultural watersheds in the midwestern United States that contribute nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico. The watersheds span two distinct landforms shaped by differences in glacial history resulting in natural soil properties that necessitated different drainage infrastructure across the study area. To investigate nutrient export patterns under different hydrologic conditions, we partitioned the hydrograph into stormflow and baseflow periods and examined those periods separately through the analysis of their concentration-discharge (c-Q) relationships on annual, seasonal, and event time scales. Stormflow showed consistent chemostatic patterns across all seasons, while baseflow showed seasonally dynamic c-Q patterns. Baseflow exhibited chemodyanmic conditions in the summer and fall and more chemostatic conditions in the winter and spring, suggesting that water source contributions during baseflow were nonstationary. Baseflow chemodynamic behavior was driven by low-flow, low-NO3− conditions during which in-stream and near-stream biological processing likely moderated in-stream NO3− concentrations. Additionally, inputs from deeper groundwater with longer residence times and lower NO3− concentration likely contributed to low-NO3− conditions in-stream, particularly in the larger watersheds. Stormflow c-Q behavior was consistent across watersheds, but baseflow c-Q behavior was linked to intensity of agriculture and density of built drainage infrastructure, with more drainage infrastructure associated with higher loads and more chemostatic export patterns across the watersheds. This suggests that how humans replumb the subsurface in response to geologic conditions has implications for hydrologic connectivity, homogenization of source areas, and subsequently nutrient export during both baseflow and stormflow. Our analysis also showed that anomalous flow periods greatly influenced overall c-Q patterns, suggesting that the analysis of high-resolution records at multiple scales is critical when interpreting seasonal or annual patterns.
Time-resolved photoluminescence study of CuInS 2/ZnS nanocrystals

The emission mechanism in ZnS-capped 3-nm CuInS 2 nanocrystals was studied by using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). A typical TRPL spectrum demonstrates two broad emission bands. The spectral shifts as functions of the excitation power density and delay times from the excitation moment prove that both emission bands originate from donor-acceptor pair recombinations. Moreover, the temperature-dependent TRPL measurement revealed the importance of trapping sites in the emission mechanism of CuInS 2 nanocrystals.
A Learning Analytics Theoretical Framework for STEM Education Virtual Reality Applications

While virtual reality has attracted educators’ interest by providing new opportunities to the learning process and assessment in different science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects, the results from previous studies indicate that there is still much work to be done when large data collection and analysis is considered. At the same time, learning analytics emerged with the promise to revolutionise the traditional practices by introducing new ways to systematically assess and improve the effectiveness of instruction. However, the collection of ‘big’ educational data is mostly associated with web-based platforms (i.e., learning management systems) as they offer direct access to students’ data with minimal effort. Thence, in the context of this work, we present a four-dimensional theoretical framework for virtual reality-supported instruction and propose a set of structural elements that can be utilised in conjunction with a learning analytics prototype system. The outcomes of this work are expected to support practitioners on how to maximise the potential of their interventions and provide further inspiration for the development of new ones.
Why Are There More Summer Afternoon Low Clouds Over the Tibetan Plateau Compared to Eastern China?

In this study, we analyze the relationships between summer afternoon low cloud cover and environmental conditions over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Using in situ measurements, satellite data, and reanalysis, and based on theoretical analysis, we find that there is stronger thermal turbulence, lower temperature, and higher frequency of low cloud formation for the same surface relative humidity over the eastern and central TP compared with eastern China. With the same sensible heat flux, decreased air density enhances buoyancy flux, which increases the planetary boundary layer height and moisture vertical transport. At the same time, with the same near‐surface relative humidity, lower temperature over the TP decreases the lifting condensation level, which increases the probability of the air parcel reaching this level. Compared to the low‐elevation region in eastern China, these two mechanisms enhance low cloud occurrence in the afternoon over the TP.
Ramping Up Customer-Centric Modular Design Projects: Mobile App Development for Pandemic Relief

Today’s fast-growing demands at the global level for mobile applications (apps) cause customers to call for the customization of their apps to fit their individualized needs and business realms. Customization is a challenge for apps-development companies when they want to satisfy their numerous users in a crowded competitive market. Moreover, pursuing customization involves additional challenges when ramping up app development projects in order to meet demands at a larger scale. To address this challenge, we proposed a framework to systematize and support mobile apps’ development consistently with a customer-driven approach and modular design philosophy. From a practical point of view, the proposed framework integrates quality function deployment (QFD), axiomatic design (AD) principles, and practices from the ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) framework. The framework supports a systematic process for translating customer needs into design parameters as well as supporting prioritization of ITIL practices for further development. The effectiveness of the framework was explored in practice through a case study about an app supporting relief in the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a survey among potential users. The assessment of the framework indicated an average score ranging between 3.58 and 3.92 in a five-point Likert scale for all of the items used in the survey.