Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
----------- u 50-- I • • •---------- -2 S . D . Figure 2 . Chemotactic Responses of 24 Adults and 24 Neonates

Comparative chemotaxis studies of adult and newborn polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were performed by a technique which adapted the micropore filter method to a multiwell chamber. Cord blood neutrophils responded to the chemoattractant FMLP with 60% of adult PMN activity. In order to investigate the defect of neonatal PMN chemotaxis as a calcium-associated phenomenon, PMNs were suspended in a calcium-deprived buffer and in the presence of the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, before being assayed for migration. Adult neutrophils responded to both calcium manipulations with reduced chemotaxis as expected--19% inhibition in calcium-deprived media (p < 0.05), and 32% reduction (p < 0.001) with 10-4 M verapamil. Neonatal PMNs, however, increased chemotactic activity in the absence of extracellular calcium--26% (p < 0.05) and to a greater extent in the presence of 10-4 M verapamil (p < 0.001). This suggests that the flux of calcium which occurs upon stimulation of the neutrophil by chemotactic factors may, in fact, be responsible for the neonatal defect and that inhibitory concentrations of intracellular calcium may be present in the neonatal cell.
On the generation and role of eddy variability in the central North Atlantic Ocean

Sources of near-surface oceanic variability in the central North Atlantic are identified from a combined analysis of climatology, surface drifter, and Geosat altimeter data as well as eddy-resolving 13° and 16° Community Modeling Effort North Atlantic model results. Both observational and numerical methods give a consistent picture of the concentration of mesoscale variability along the mean zonal flow bands. Three areas of high eddy energy can be found in all observational data sets: the North Equatorial Current, the North Atlantic Current, and the Azores Current. With increasing horizontal resolution the numerical models give a more realistic representation of the variability in the first two regimes, while no improvement is found with respect to the Azores Current Frontal Zone. Examination of the upper ocean hydrographic structure indicates baroclinic instability to be the main mechanism of eddy generation and suggests that the model deficiencies in the Azores Current area are related to deficiencies in the mean hydrographic fields. A linear instability analysis of the numerical model output reveals that instability based on the velocity shear between the mixed layer and the interior is also important for the generation of the mid-ocean variability, indicating a potential role of the mixed layer representation for the model. The 16° model successfully simulates the northward decrease of eddy length scales observed in the altimeter data, which follow a linear relationship with the first baroclinic Rossby radius. An analysis of the eddy-mean flow interaction terms and the energy budget indicates a release of mean potential energy by downgradient fluxes of heat in the main frontal zones. At the same time the North Atlantic Current is found to be supported by convergent eddy fluxes of zonal momentum.
Resolution and Incoherent Combination of Multipath Arrivals

Abstract : The performance capability associated with resolving and incoherently combining multipath arrivals is investigated, as a function of the signaling bandwidth, for a generic communications system. The performance measure used is a deflection criterion of receiver output signal-to-noise ratio. It is shown that resolution and incoherent combination is a form of diversity which yields a measure of safety, in that drastic losses in performance become far less likely. The exact behavior of the signal-to-noise ratio depends on the detailed medium impulse response; several examples are investigated.
The role of institutions within the IPR enforcement: The case of de facto software protection in Egypt

The present paper develops a new institutional perspective of intellectual property right (IPR) enforcement dilemmas in developing countries, focusing on the case of software protection in Egypt. Transplanting western made IPR rules and enforcement strategies to developing countries without any additional assistance from right holders did not fulfill the required enforcement standards. Satisfactory results can only be achieved gradually. Game theoretical examinations showed that decisions tak en by both parties (right holders and developing countries) under the homo-economicus assumption and in the absence of binding institutions lead to inefficient outcomes, while agreeing on a long-term cooperative second best mindset leads to higher welfare gains. In order to maintain a stable contractual outcome to enforce IPR, one should control for the process of structuring de facto institutions, especially enforcement authorities (prosecutors and judiciary) before signing the agreement and throughout the contractual phase. This hinders sharp fluctuations of transaction cost (TC) and expected value of future payoffs that might occur during the different stages of the contract. Accordingly, the paper provides a new policy tool that can be considered useful when discussing new strategies related to the possibility of establishing binding institutions to enforce IPR.
Energy radiation from intermediate to large magnitude 1 earthquakes : implications for dynamic fault weakening 2 by

8 The amount of energy radiated from an earthquake can be measured using recent methods 9 based on earthquake coda signals and spectral ratios. Such methods are not altered by 10 either site or directivity effects, with the advantage of a greatly improved accuracy. 11 Several studies of earthquake sequences based on the above measurements showed 12 evidence of a breakdown in self-similarity in the moment to energy relation. Radiated 13 energy can be also used as a gauge to estimate the average dynamic stress drop on the 14 fault. Here we compute the dynamic stress drop, infer the co-seismic friction and estimate 15 the co-seismic heating resulting from the frictional work during events from different 16 main shock-aftershock earthquake sequences. We relate the dynamic friction to the 17 maximum temperature rise estimated on the faults for each earthquake. Our results are 18 strongly indicative that a thermally triggered dynamic frictional weakening is present, 19 responsible for the breakdown in self-similarity. These observations from seismic data 20 are compatible with recent laboratory evidence of thermal weakening in rock friction 21 under seismic slip-rates, associated to various physical processes such as melting, 22 decarbonation or dehydration. 23
A –5 dBm 400MHz OOK Transmitter for Wireless Medical Application

A 400 MHz high efficiency transmitter for wireless medical application is presented in this paper. Transmitter architecture with high-energy efficiencies is proposed to achieve high data rate with low power consumption. In the on-off keying transmitters, the oscillator and power amplifier are turned off when the transmitter sends 0 data. The proposed class-e power amplifier has high efficiency for low level output power. The proposed on-off keying transmitter consumes 1.52 mw at -5 dBm output by 40 Mbps data rate and energy consumption 38 pJ/bit. The proposed transmitter has been designed in 0. 18µm CMOS technology.
Real Options?Labour Contracts for an Uncertain World

The standard labour contract is no more. Increasingly it is replaced by flexible and diverse alternative work arrangements that can often be characterized as real options. In this paper we examine optimal labour contracts from the perspective of a competitive firm facing uncertainty concerning both the cost of production and demand for its product or service. We initially restrict the firm to offering ‘standard’ contracts then add various alternative flexibility enhancing contracts. We discuss the circumstances under which these alternative contracts are real options, interpret the strike, compare them to employment contracts currently found in the labour market, and assess the benefits and costs.
Relationships between catches in flight and emergence traps of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. (Col.: Scolytidae)

Daily emergence of the mountain pine beetle from lodgepole pine trees was monitored in the field by using caged bolts and by counting emergence holes on standing trees. Flying mountain pine beetles, pine engraver beetles and Pityogenes plagiatus knechteli (Swaine) were captured daily in two types of barrier traps. Daily totals of emergence holes and emergence into cages were moderately correlated with daily captures by both types of barrier traps. A simple model of daily emergence was developed based on estimates of brood density, daily proportions of brood adults, and daily proportions of brood adults ready to emerge. Daily catches of pine engravers and P. plagiatus knechteli were highly intercorrelated, but correlations with catches of mountain pine beetle were low for both species. The results are discussed in relation to beetle emergence and flight behaviour.
Burning at the Edge: Integrating Biophysical and Eco-Cultural Fire Processes in Canada’s Parks and Protected Areas

Currently, high intensity, large-area lightning fires that burn during droughts dominate Canada’s fire regimes. However, studies from several disciplines clearly show that humans historically ignited burns within this matrix of large fires. Two approaches for fire research and management have arisen from this pattern: a “large-fire biophysical paradigm” related to lightning-ignited fires, and an “eco-cultural paradigm” related to human-caused burning. Working at the edge between biophysically driven fires and eco-cultural burns, and their associated management and research paradigms, presents unique challenges to land managers. We proceed by describing fire frequency trends across Canada, and how an interaction between changing climatic and cultural factors may provide better causal explanations for observed patterns than either group of factors alone. We then describe four case histories of fire restoration into Canadian landscapes moving through evolution, or deliberate intent, towards increasing emphasis on an eco-cultural paradigm. We show that use of cultural burns maintains this facet of the long-term regime while providing greater capacity for larger, higher intensity fires to occur with fewer negative ecological and socio-economic implications. Key lessons learned by practitioners restoring fire to landscapes include: 1) fire is only one process in ecosystems that also include other complex interactions, and thus restoration of fire alone could have unintended consequences in some ecosystems; 2) recognizing long-term human roles of not only fire managers, but also hunters and gatherers is critical in restoration programs; and 3) this diversity of past, present, and future ecological and cultural interactions with fire can link managers to a broad constituency of stakeholders. Bringing this variety of people and interests into the decision-making processes is a necessary pre-requisite to successful fire management at the edge.
Distribution and habitat use of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in central and south west of Portugal mainland

Bottlenose dolphin populations can display a variety of distribution patterns, forming discrete populations or a combination of residence patterns and widely movements along a coastline. In Portuguese waters, information from these type of patterns of coastal individuals is scarce and limited. Recently, in Sesimbra and Sagres, two coastal areas, the regular presence of bottlenose dolphin has been described. The aim of this study was to estimate relative abundance, analysis of residence and site fidelity patterns, behavioural patterns, social structure in Sesimbra and Sagres regions and identify movements between these areas, using photo-identification methods. Between 2007 and 2014, boatsurveys were conducted in the two regions using different platforms (scientific and opportunistic surveys). Mark-recapture models performed by SOCPROG program resulting in a population size of 354 individuals (95% IC: 156.7 -797.8) for Sesimbra region and 350 individuals (IC: 184.69 – 662.4) for Sagres region; and by Mark program resulting in 167 individuals (95 % IC: 145,2 -192,7) for Sesimbra and 817 (95 % IC 459.61458.7) for Sagres. Different levels of site fidelity were observed for both areas, existing a mixture of non-resident, transient and residents individuals, in both areas. Differences in terms of behavioural and group dynamics were found, being mainly observed travelling and feeding patterns. Overall, both areas, appeared to be important for feeding habits. Social structure was variable, but long term associations were observed in both regions. Mid-distance movements between the two areas were found, reflecting a direct connectivity between the individuals from the two areas. Individuals move on average 158 km and might be related with adult dispersal to other adjacent areas for reproductive mating and/or resource availability. This study was a first comparison of the distribution patterns of bottlenose dolphins, in different areas and pretended to contribute to a better understand of the habitat use of coastal bottlenose dolphin along the Portuguese coast.
Bevacizumab in glioblastomas : lights and shadows © C IC Ed izi on

Glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) is the most vascularized of all solid tumors. Several molecules governangiogenetic processes in GBM, among these the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a predominant role. Increasing evidence has support the capability of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, to inhibit the VEGF. Several clinical trials have shown an improvement in quality of life and in progression free survival of GBM patients treated by bevacizumab. Many phase II and III studies have demonstrated the importance of this drug in terms of neurological symptoms relief and rapid radiological response. Thus, in 2009, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent GBM. However, no increase in Overall Survival (OS) has been showed and several adverse events have been related to the treatment, such as intracranial hemorrhage and venous thromboembolism.The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the efficacy and the safety associated with bevacizumab and to identify the best strategy for its use in the management of GBM.
Locating oceanic earthquakes—the influence of regional models and location criteria

SUMMARY Earthquakes in oceanic areas are normally located using traveltime tables which are representative of continental paths, since most seismic stations lie on continents. It should therefore be possible to improve such locations by employing a set of traveltimes more appropriate to paths from oceanic events to continental stations. A comparison has therefore been made between locations for a number of oceanic events using the recent iasp91 global traveltimes and the times for the pac91 model derived from observations of events in the Pacific. Although there were often significant differences in the location estimates for the two models, these were often no larger than the shifts induced by changing the misfit criterion used for determining the location. For events in purely oceanic regions such as Tonga and the Marianas with little nearby continent, the results from the pac91 model either provided a significantly better fit to the data or produced depth estimates in close accord with independent constraints (e.g. centroid moment tensor locations). In these cases the use of a specific set of ‘oceanic’ traveltimes can be recommended. However for marginal zones and island arcs, the situation is less clear and it is probably best to employ the global traveltime set with the use of additional phases to improve depth estimates.
’ s coverage of the engineering literature 10 years later

In 2008 Meier and Conkling first tested Google Scholar’s coverage of the engineering literature against citations gathered from the Compendex database. Since that time, other studies have used the same methodology and found improvement in Google Scholar's coverage. This study uses engineering dissertations from Proquest Dissertations & Theses to create a data set of citations for the comparison of fee-based databases, Compendex and Scopus, against Google Scholar. From 1950 to 2017 Google Scholar outperformed both Compendex and Scopus in discoverability of citations in nine engineering subjects. These results have implications for collection management and information literacy program planning for librarians.
Data supply chain (DSC): research synthesis and future directions

In the digital economy, the volume, variety and availability of data produced in myriad forms from a diversity of sources has become an important resource for competitive advantage, innovation opportunity as well as source of new management challenges. Building on the theoretical and empirical foundations of the traditional manufacturing Supply Chain (SC), which describes the flow of physical artefacts as raw materials through to consumption, we propose the Data Supply Chain (DSC) along which data are the primary artefact flowing. The purpose of this paper is to outline the characteristics and bring conceptual distinctiveness to the context around DSC as well as to explore the associated and emergent management challenges and innovation opportunities. To achieve this, we adopt the systematic review methodology drawing on the operations management and supply chain literature and, in particular, taking a framework synthetic approach which allows us to build the DSC concept from the pre-existing SC template. We conclude the paper by developing a set of propositions and outlining an agenda for future research that the DSC concept implies.
Intégration de règles "DfE" (Design for Environment) pour la conception de produits, process et cycles de vie propres

Afin d’aider les concepteurs a considerer l’environnement dans leur projet de conception de produit, tout en minimisant le temps consacre a cette demarche, une evaluation environnementale simplifiee utilisable des la phase de conception preliminaire a ete definie. La demarche proposee vise a integrer les regles « Design for Environment » (DfE) au plus tot dans la conception des produits, en proposant une methode d’evaluation qui traduit ces regles DfE en indicateurs. Pour mener a bien ce travail de these, il nous a fallu construire une base des donnees des Regles DfE, etablir une methode de choix des regles en fonctions du contexte du projet de conception, etablir les regles de calcul des indicateurs lies aux regles DfE et mettre en place des representations adaptees pour l’interpretation des resultats lors de projets de conception. L’objectif ici est de guider le concepteur au plus tot vers un bon compromis, par des estimations simples. Cette approche est necessaire afin d’eviter des modifications significatives a la fin des etudes detaillees et ainsi de nombreuses boucles essais/erreurs en conception. Une etude de cas permet d’illustrer la demarche proposee.
IT Value in Public Sector: Discussion on an Established Model for Private Sector

IT value is defined as the stream of research devoted to the identification of economic impacts and organizational benefits of IT applications. This is a research topic with a long-standing tradition, stimulated by the identification of the so-called “productivity paradox”. IT value engaged scholars from many disciplines, adopting different methods and theoretical perspectives, in the study of the benefits produced by IT investments. In spite of a substantial body of literature produced by scholars on this topic during the recent years, the argument still stimulates discussion. A common trait that groups several, when almost not all, studies on the IT value phenomenon is the focus on the private sector, with the frequent use of income or financial indicators to measure improvements. The phenomenon thence needs a study in this peculiar and potentially different context of public administrations. Taking into account this scenario, this paper introduces analyses of the IT value phenomenon in the public administration domain and discusses on the basis of a multiple case study a rich and established IT value theoretical model available in literature.
FIG MOSAIC IN MEXICO AND SOUTH AFRICA

Different patterns of chlorotic to yellowish mottling and deformation were observed in leaves of field-grown fig trees in Mexico and South Africa. Potted rooted cuttings from both sources grown under glasshouse conditions displayed chlorotic blotching, vein clearing and banding of the leaves. Electron microscope observations of thin-sectioned tissues from symptomatic leaves showed that parenchyma cells of both Mexican and South African samples contained the double-membrane bodies (DMBs) typically associated with fig mosaic disease (FMD). Also, accumulations of filamentous semi-rigid and of very flexuous virus-like particles were observed in parenchyma or phloem cells, respectively. RT-PCR assays of total nucleic acids extracted from leaf tissues of both sources using primers designed to amplify the HSP70 gene of the putative closteroviruses Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1) and Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2) gave a positive response only for FLMaV-1. DMBs have been observed previously in the symptomatic Mexican fig source. However, our results are the first records of FMD and associated DMBs in South Africa and of both FLMaV-1 and an unidentified filamentous semi-rigid virus in Mexico and South Africa.
Physiological Condition, Short-Term Survival, and Predator Avoidance Behavior of Discarded Norway Lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus)

ABSTRACT The landing obligation of the reformed European Union Common Fisheries Policy is designed to encourage more selective fishing strategies and improve recording of catches. There are allowable exemptions to this landing obligation including for species with high post-release survivability. Discarding patterns of prawns (Nephrops norvegicus) were evaluated in a trawl fishery in the Firth of Clyde, West Scotland, which supplies the live-catch market. Around 30% of the Nephrops caught were discarded, but the reasons for discarding changed seasonally. Using visual indices, physiological biomarkers, and video recordings, this study evaluated the physiological condition linked to short-term survival and predator avoidance behavior of the discarded animals. Although short-term survival after 48-h recovery was high (around 90%) and physiological measures indicated that discarded Nephrops can recover from trawling, survival was negatively affected by levels of physical damage and Hematodinium infection. Taking into consideration these factors, a conservative estimate for discard survival was 63%-88%. Underwater video showed that Nephrops discarded in good condition rapidly recovered normal behavior when placed on the seabed. Moribund animals, however, took up to 10 min to return to an upright posture and this time was sufficient for predators to be attracted. Since around 20% of Nephrops were in a moribund condition immediately after trawling, the survival estimates based on enclosed recovery experiments may need correcting by up to this amount to account for potential interactions with predators on the seabed. The post-release survival rates in discarded Nephrops suggested for this fishery are relatively high compared with other Nephrops trawl-fisheries which have been studied. This could be explained because this fishery targets the live market, prioritizes product quality over volume, and uses short-duration tows leading to relatively low levels of physical damage to the Nephrops.