Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equações de predição da aptidão cardiorrespiratória sem testes de exercício e sua aplicabilidade em estudos epidemiológicos: uma revisão sistemática

Cardiorespiratory fitness is used as an independent factor for evaluating risk of all-cause mortality, but mainly from coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, evaluation of fitness based on stress tests poses numerous epidemiological difficulties. Alternative forms of evaluation have therefore been suggested using non-exercise-based regression models. This study aimed to analyze these models and their applicability to epidemiological studies. A systematic review was conducted of articles published from 1966 to 2002. The models were classified according to: (a) theoretical justification for the explanatory variables included in the model; (b) validation criteria (gold standard); (c) regression models fully reported, including standard error of estimation; and (d) cross-validation. The search process yielded 23 studies, five of which met all established quality criteria. The authors conclude that cardiorespiratory evaluation by non-exercise-based models could be feasible in epidemiological studies. However, few equations appear to meet the minimum external validation requirements to provide data that could be generalized to large populations.
Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon (n = 556) and those in the United States (n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.
Progressive Data Analysis and Visualization (Dagstuhl Seminar 18411)

We live in an era where data is abundant and growing rapidly; databases storing big data sprawl past memory and computation limits, and across distributed systems. New hardware and software systems have been built to sustain this growth in terms of storage management and predictive computation. However, these infrastructures, while good for data at scale, do not well support exploratory data analysis (EDA) as, for instance, commonly used in Visual Analytics. EDA allows human users to make sense of data with little or no known model on this data and is essential in many application domains, from network security and fraud detection to epidemiology and preventive medicine. Data exploration is done through an iterative loop where analysts interact with data through computations that return results, usually shown with visualizations, which in turn are interacted with by the analyst again. Due to human cognitive constraints, exploration needs highly responsive system response times: at 500 ms, users change their querying behavior; past five or ten seconds, users abandon tasks or lose attention. As datasets grow and computations become more complex, response time suffers. To address this problem, a new computation paradigm has emerged in the last decade under several names: online aggregation in the database community; progressive, incremental, or iterative visualization in other communities. It consists of splitting long computations into a series of approximate results improving with time; in this process, partial or approximate results are then rapidly returned to the user and can be interacted with in a fluent and iterative fashion. With the increasing growth in data, such progressive data analysis approaches will become one of the leading paradigms for data exploration systems, but it also will require major changes in the algorithms, data structures, and visualization tools. This Dagstuhl Seminar was set out to discuss and address these challenges, by bringing together researchers from the different involved research communities: database, visualization, and machine learning. Thus far, these communities have often been divided by a gap hindering joint efforts in dealing with forthcoming challenges in progressive data analysis and visualization. The seminar gave a platform for these researchers and practitioners to exchange their ideas, experience, and visions, jointly develop strategies to deal with challenges, and create a deeper awareness of the implications of this paradigm shift. The implications are technical, but also human--both perceptual and cognitive--and the seminar provided a holistic view of the problem by gathering specialists from all the communities.
Dynamic Cortical Connectivity during General Anesthesia in Surgical Patients

What We Already Know about This Topic Animal data, along with recent human observations (in this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY*), suggest that cortical oscillations and connectivity shift dynamically during what appears to be stable general anesthesia Clinical evidence in the perioperative setting to support these observations is currently lacking What This Article Tells Us That Is New During anesthesia and surgery, cortical networks display a dynamic interplay among brain states, rather than a static equilibrium These findings suggest that a single measure of connectivity may not be a reliable correlate of surgical anesthesia depth Background: Functional connectivity across the cortex has been posited to be important for consciousness and anesthesia, but functional connectivity patterns during the course of surgery and general anesthesia are unknown. The authors tested the hypothesis that disrupted cortical connectivity patterns would correlate with surgical anesthesia. Methods: Surgical patients (n = 53) were recruited for study participation. Whole-scalp (16-channel) wireless electroencephalographic data were prospectively collected throughout the perioperative period. Functional connectivity was assessed using weighted phase lag index. During anesthetic maintenance, the temporal dynamics of connectivity states were characterized via Markov chain analysis, and state transition probabilities were quantified. Results: Compared to baseline (weighted phase lag index, 0.163, ± 0.091), alpha frontal–parietal connectivity was not significantly different across the remaining anesthetic and perioperative epochs, ranging from 0.100 (± 0.041) to 0.218 (± 0.136) (P > 0.05 for all time periods). In contrast, there were significant increases in alpha prefrontal–frontal connectivity (peak = 0.201 [0.154, 0.248]; P < 0.001), theta prefrontal–frontal connectivity (peak = 0.137 [0.091, 0.182]; P < 0.001), and theta frontal–parietal connectivity (peak = 0.128 [0.084, 0.173]; P < 0.001) during anesthetic maintenance. Additionally, shifts occurred between states of high prefrontal–frontal connectivity (alpha, beta) with suppressed frontal–parietal connectivity, and high frontal–parietal connectivity (alpha, theta) with reduced prefrontal–frontal connectivity. These shifts occurred in a nonrandom manner (P < 0.05 compared to random transitions), suggesting structured transitions of connectivity during general anesthesia. Conclusions: Functional connectivity patterns dynamically shift during surgery and general anesthesia but do so in a structured way. Thus, a single measure of functional connectivity will likely not be a reliable correlate of surgical anesthesia.
Optimising patient active role with a user-centred eHealth platform (CONCERTO+) in chronic diseases management: a study protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Introduction Multimorbidity increases care needs and primary care use among people with chronic diseases. The Concerto Health Program (CHP) has been developed to optimise chronic disease management in primary care services. However, in its current version, the CHP primarily targets clinicians and does not aim to answer directly patients’ and their informal caregivers’ needs for chronic disease management. Various studies have shown that interventions that increase patient activation level are associated with better health outcomes. Furthermore, educational tools must be adapted to patients and caregivers in terms of health literacy and usability. This project aims to develop, implement and evaluate a user-centred, multifunctional and personalised eHealth platform (CONCERTO+) to promote a more active patient role in chronic disease management and decision-making. Methods and analysis This project uses a collaborative research approach, aiming at the personalisation of CHP through three phases: (1) the development of one module of an eHealth platform based on scientific evidence and user-centred design; (2) a feasibility study of CONCERTO+ through a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial where patients with chronic diseases from a primary healthcare practice will receive CONCERTO+ during 6 months and be compared to patients from a control practice receiving usual care and (3) an analysis of CONCERTO+ potential for scaling up. To do so, we will conduct two focus groups with patients and informal caregivers and individual interviews with health professionals at the two study sites, as well as health care managers, information officers and representatives of the Ministry of Health. Ethics and dissemination This study received ethical approval from Ethics Committee of Université Laval. The findings will be used to inform the effectiveness of CONCERTO+ to improve management care in chronic diseases. We will disseminate findings through presentations in scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT03628963; Pre-results.
A Reverse Genetics System for Cypovirus Based on a Bacmid Expressing T7 RNA Polymerase

Dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus (DpCPV), belonging to the genus Cypovirus within the family Reoviridae, is considered the most destructive pest of pine forests worldwide. DpCPV has a genome consisting of 10 linear double-stranded RNA segments. To establish a reverse genetics system, we cloned cDNAs encoding the 10 genomic segments of DpCPV into three reverse genetics vectors in which each segment was transcribed under the control of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter and terminator tagged with a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme sequence. We also constructed a vp80-knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid to express a T7 RNA polymerase codon-optimized for Sf9 cells. Following transfection of Sf9 cells with the three vectors and the bacmid, occlusion bodies (OBs) with the typical morphology of cypovirus polyhedra were observed by optical microscopy. The rescue system was verified by incorporation of a HindIII restriction enzyme site null mutant of the 9th genomic segment. Furthermore, when we co-transfected Sf9 cells with the reverse genetics vectors, the bacmid, and an additional vector bearing an egfp gene flanked with the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the 10th genomic segment, aggregated green fluorescence co-localizing with the OBs was observed. The rescued OBs were able to infect Spodopetra exigua larvae, although their infectivity was significantly lower than that of wild-type DpCPV. This reverse genetics system for DpCPV could be used to explore viral replication and pathogenesis and to facilitate the development of novel bio-insecticides and expression systems for exogenous proteins.
Prognostic value of a modified surprise question designed for use in the emergency department setting

Objective Few reliable and valid prognostic tools are available to help emergency physicians identify patients who might benefit from early palliative approaches. We sought to determine if responses to a modified version of the surprise question, “Would you be surprised if this patient died in the next 30 days” could predict in-hospital mortality and resource utilization for hospitalized emergency department patients. Methods For this observational study, emergency physicians responded to the modified surprise question with each admission over a five-month study period. Logistic regression analyses were completed and standard test characteristics evaluated. Results 6,122 visits were evaluated. Emergency physicians responded negatively to the modified surprise question in 918 (15.1%). Test characteristics for in-hospital mortality were: sensitivity 32%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 6%, negative predictive value 98%. The risk of intensive care unit use (relative risk [RR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 2.40), use of ‘comfort measures’ orders (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.81 to 4.18), palliative-care consultation (RR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.62 to 3.56), and in-hospital mortality (RR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.72 to 2.76) were greater for patients with negative responses. Conclusion The modified surprise question is a simple trigger for palliative care needs, accurately identifying those at greater risk for in-hospital mortality and resource utilization. With a negative predictive value of 98%, affirmative responses to the modified surprise question provide reassurance that in-hospital death is unlikely.
OP0202 STRESS-ACTIVATED MIR-204 GOVERNS SENESCENT PHENOTYPES OF CHONDROCYTES TO PROMOTE OSTEOARTHRITIS DEVELOPMENT

A progressive loss of cartilage matrix leads to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Matrix homeostasis is disturbed in OA cartilage as the result of reduced production of cartilage-specific matrix and increased secretion of catabolic mediators by chondrocytes. Chondrocyte senescence is a crucial cellular event contributing to such imbalance in matrix metabolism during OA development.We sought to identify a previously unknown, senescence-associated signaling pathway in chondrocytes linked to major OA cartilage manifestations such as PG loss and cartilage degeneration.We particularly aimed to screen miRNAs whose inhibition could effectively modulate senescent phenotypes of chondrocytes to treat OA. We investigated the regulatory mechanisms of miR-204 under various stress-eliciting stimuli in primary cultured human and mouse chondrocytes. We examined the in vivo effects of miR-204 overexpression and its antagonism in surgically induced OA mouse models. DMM surgery was used to induce posttraumatic OA in 12-week-old mice. Small RNAs were delivered to mouse knee joints by intra-articular injection. Various OA manifestations including cartilage destruction, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte maturity, and synovial inflammation in mice were histologically inspected.We identify miR-204 as a senescence-associated microRNA (miRNA) which is markedly upregulated in OA cartilage. The upregulated miR-204 simultaneously targets multiple components of the sulfated proteoglycan (PG) biosynthesis pathway, effectively shutting down PG anabolism. Ectopic expression of the miR-204 in joints triggers spontaneous cartilage loss and OA development, whereas inhibition of miR-204 ameliorates experimental OA, with concomitant recovery of PG synthesis and suppression of inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors in cartilagewe unravel a stress-activated senescence pathway that underlies disrupted matrix homeostasis in OA cartilage. [1]O. H. Jeon, C. Kim, R. -M. Laberge, M. Demaria, S. Rathod, A. P. Vasserot, J. W. Chung, D. H. Kim, Y. Poon, N. David, D. J. Baker, J. M. van Deursen, J. Campisi, J. H. Elisseeff, Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment. Nat. Med. 23, 775–781 (2017)None declared
Dendrochronological dates confirm a Late Prehistoric population decline in the American Southwest derived from radiocarbon dates

The northern American Southwest provides one of the most well-documented cases of human population growth and decline in the world. The geographic extent of this decline in North America is unknown owing to the lack of high-resolution palaeodemographic data from regions across and beyond the greater Southwest, where archaeological radiocarbon data are often the only available proxy for investigating these palaeodemographic processes. Radiocarbon time series across and beyond the greater Southwest suggest widespread population collapses from AD 1300 to 1600. However, radiocarbon data have potential biases caused by variable radiocarbon sample preservation, sample collection and the nonlinearity of the radiocarbon calibration curve. In order to be confident in the wider trends seen in radiocarbon time series across and beyond the greater Southwest, here we focus on regions that have multiple palaeodemographic proxies and compare those proxies to radiocarbon time series. We develop a new method for time series analysis and comparison between dendrochronological data and radiocarbon data. Results confirm a multiple proxy decline in human populations across the Upland US Southwest, Central Mesa Verde and Northern Rio Grande from AD 1300 to 1600. These results lend confidence to single proxy radiocarbon-based reconstructions of palaeodemography outside the Southwest that suggest post-AD 1300 population declines in many parts of North America. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography’.
Long‐Term Implantable, Flexible, and Transparent Neural Interface Based on Ag/Au Core–Shell Nanowires

Neural interfaces enabling light transmittance rely on optogenetics to control and monitor specific neural activity, thereby facilitating deeper understanding of intractable diseases. This study reports the material strategy underlying an optogenetic neural interface comprising stretchable and transparent conductive tracks and capable of demonstrating high biocompatibility after long‐term (5‐month) implantation. Ag/Au core–shell nanowires contribute toward improving track performance in terms of stretchability (<60% strain), transparency (<83%), and electrical resistance (15 Ω sq−1). The neural interface integrated with gel‐coated exterior microelectrodes preserves low impedance (1.1–3.2 Ω cm2) in a saline solution over the evaluated 5‐month period. Besides the use of efficient conductive materials, surface treatment using antithrombogenic polymer tends to prevent the growth of granulation tissue, thereby facilitating clear monitoring of electrocorticograms (ECoG) in a rodent during chronic implantation. The flexible and transparent neural interface pathologically exhibits noncytotoxicity and low inflammatory response while efficiently recording evoked ECoG in a nonhuman primate via optogenetic stimulation. The proposed highly reliable interface can be employed in multifaceted approaches for translational research based on chronic implants.
Twenty Years of Confusion in Human Evaluation: NLG Needs Evaluation Sheets and Standardised Definitions

Human assessment remains the most trusted form of evaluation in NLG, but highly diverse approaches and a proliferation of different quality criteria used by researchers make it difficult to compare results and draw conclusions across papers, with adverse implications for meta-evaluation and reproducibility. In this paper, we present (i) our dataset of 165 NLG papers with human evaluations, (ii) the annotation scheme we developed to label the papers for different aspects of evaluations, (iii) quantitative analyses of the annotations, and (iv) a set of recommendations for improving standards in evaluation reporting. We use the annotations as a basis for examining information included in evaluation reports, and levels of consistency in approaches, experimental design and terminology, focusing in particular on the 200+ different terms that have been used for evaluated aspects of quality. We conclude that due to a pervasive lack of clarity in reports and extreme diversity in approaches, human evaluation in NLG presents as extremely confused in 2020, and that the field is in urgent need of standard methods and terminology.
Nanocellulose/PEGDA aerogel scaffolds with tunable modulus prepared by stereolithography for three-dimensional cell culture

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds made of biopolymers have attracted significant attention in tissue engineering applications. In this study, cellulose-nanofibers/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (CNFs/PEGDA) mixture, a novelty 3D material, was prepared by physical mixing the CNFs with a waterborne photopolymerizable acrylic resin (PEGDA). Then the CNFs/PEGDA mixture was used to fabricate 3D cytocompatibility CNFs/PEGDA hydrogel scaffold by stereolithograph（SLA）process. The CNFs/PEGDA hydrogels were shaped by SLA, and then the aerogel scaffolds were prepared by the freeze-drying of hydrogels. The results showed that the CNFs/PEGDA mixtures with different CNFs contents are all transparent, homogeneous and with obvious shear-thinning property. The SLA fabricated CNFs/PEGDA aerogel scaffolds possess high and tunable compressive modulus and high porosity of approximately 90%. It is found that CNFs in the composite scaffolds played a significant role in structural shape integrity, porous structure and mechanical strength. In addition, the NIH 3T3 cells tightly adhere on the CNFs/PEGDA materials and spread on the scaffolds with good differentiation and viability. These results have revealed a superior method to prepare tissue engineering scaffolds which possesses suitable mechanical strength and biocompatibility for 3D cell cultivation.
ReproGen: Proposal for a Shared Task on Reproducibility of Human Evaluations in NLG

Across NLP, a growing body of work is looking at the issue of reproducibility. However, replicability of human evaluation experiments and reproducibility of their results is currently under-addressed, and this is of particular concern for NLG where human evaluations are the norm. This paper outlines our ideas for a shared task on reproducibility of human evaluations in NLG which aims (i) to shed light on the extent to which past NLG evaluations are replicable and reproducible, and (ii) to draw conclusions regarding how evaluations can be designed and reported to increase replicability and reproducibility. If the task is run over several years, we hope to be able to document an overall increase in levels of replicability and reproducibility over time.
Comparing Lyrics Features for Genre Recognition

In music information retrieval, genre recognition is the task of automatically assigning genre labels to a given piece of music. Approaches for this typically employ machine learning models trained on content features extracted from the audio. Relatively little attention has been given to using textual features based on a song’s lyrics to solve this task. We therefore investigate how well such lyrics features work for the task of genre recognition by training and evaluating models based on various sets of well-known textual features computed on song lyrics. Our results show that textual features produce accuracy scores comparable to audio features. Further, we see that audio and textual features complement each other well, with models trained using both types of features producing the best accuracy scores. To aid the reproducibility of our re-sults, we make our code publicly available.