Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review

Abstract Objective: To identify factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa and identify areas for future research. Design: We systematically reviewed published/grey literature (protocol CRD4201706893). Findings were compiled into a map using a socio-ecological model on four environmental levels: individual, social, physical and macro. Setting: Urban food environments in Africa. Participants: Studies involving adolescents and adults (11–70 years, male/female). Results: Thirty-nine studies were included (six adolescent, fifteen adolescent/adult combined and eighteen adult). Quantitative methods were most common (twenty-eight quantitative, nine qualitative and two mixed methods). Studies were from fifteen African countries. Seventy-seven factors influencing dietary behaviours were identified, with two-thirds at the individual level (45/77). Factors in the social (11/77), physical (12/77) and macro (9/77) environments were investigated less. Individual-level factors that specifically emerged for adolescents included self-esteem, body satisfaction, dieting, spoken language, school attendance, gender, body composition, pubertal development, BMI and fat mass. Studies involving adolescents investigated social environment-level factors more, for example, sharing food with friends. The physical food environment was more commonly explored in adults, for example, convenience/availability of food. Macro-level factors associated with dietary behaviours were food/drink advertising, religion and food prices. Factors associated with dietary behaviour were broadly similar for men and women. Conclusions: The dominance of studies exploring individual-level factors suggests a need for research to explore how social, physical and macro-level environments drive dietary behaviours of adolescents and adults in urban Africa. More studies are needed for adolescents and men, and studies widening the geographical scope to encompass all African countries.
Do the state and market affect the farmer’s sovereignty? Study of organic agriculture in indonesia

Many studies reveal organic farming as an environmentally friendly way compared to conventional agriculture. However, there is a lack of social issues discussed, such as farmer sovereignty, which has a significant impact on farmers’ sustainability in running their organic business and their social welfare in the long term. This paper aims to analyze whether government policies and market interventions affect the farmers’ sovereignty as defined in the Nyéléni declaration. We use organic farmer surveys in 4 provinces in Indonesia, which represent coconut, nutmeg, sorghum, and rice farming. By using the Partial Least Square (PLS), we concluded that government intervention has significantly influenced the condition of farmers’ sovereignty but not for market intervention. This result indicates that organic agriculture grows naturally based on nature and community. The implication is the government needs to provide capacity building for organic communities rather than by subsidizing organic fertilizers, organic seeds, and machinery as in conventional agriculture and needs to legitimate organic label guarantees from the farmer’s community.
Singular diffusions, constant elasticity of variance processes and logarithmic rates of return

ABSTRACT The singular diffusion processes developed by William Feller occupy a central role in a number of disciplines including economics and finance. We identify a fundamental inconsistency between the probability densities stated in the Feller papers for these singular diffusion processes. Moreover, we apply the method of group-invariance to resolve this inconsistency. Since logarithmic returns are of considerable importance in economics and finance, we also illustrate a procedure for determining the conditional expected logarithmic rate of return for state variables which evolve in terms of the singular diffusion processes on which the Feller papers are based.
Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system based on near-infrared method

Diabetes is considered one of the life-threatening diseases in the world which need continuous monitoring to avoid the complication of diabetes. There is a need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system that avoids the risk of infection problems and pain caused by invasive monitoring techniques. This paper presents a method for developing a noninvasive technique to predict the blood glucose concentration (BCG) based on the Near-infrared (NIR) light sensor. A prototype is developed using a finger sensor based on LED of 940 nm wavelength to collect photoplethysmography (PPG) signal which is variable depending on the glucose concentration variance, a module circuit to preprocess PPG signals is realized, which includes an amplifier and analog filter circuits, an Arduino UNO is used to analog-to-digital conversion. A digital Butterworth filterer is used to remove PPG signal trends, then detect the PPG data peaks to determine the relationship between the PPG signal and (BCG) and use it as input parameters to build the calibration model based on linear regression. Experiments show that the Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) of the prediction is between 8.264mg/dL and 13.166 mg/dL, the average of RMSE is about 10.44mg/dL with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.839, it is observed that the prediction of glucose concentration is in the clinically acceptable region of the standard Clark Error Grid (CEG).
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Visual repetition is ubiquitous in our world. It appears in human activity (sports, cooking), animal behavior (a bee’s waggle dance), natural phenomena (leaves in the wind) and in urban environments (ﬂashing lights). Estimating visual repetition from realistic video is challenging as periodic motion is rarely perfectly static and stationary . To better deal with realistic video, we elevate the static and stationary assumptions often made by existing work. Our spatiotemporal ﬁltering approach, established on the theory of periodic motion, effectively handles a wide variety of appearances and requires no learning. Starting from motion in 3D we derive three periodic motion types by decomposition of the motion ﬁeld into its fundamental components. In addition, three temporal motion continuities emerge from the ﬁeld’s temporal dynamics. For the 2D perception of 3D motion we consider the viewpoint relative to the motion; what follows are 18 cases of recurrent motion perception. To estimate repetition under all circumstances, our theory implies constructing a mixture of differential motion maps: F , ∇ F , ∇· F and ∇× F . We temporally convolve the motion maps with wavelet ﬁlters to estimate repetitive dynamics. Our method is able to spatially segment repetitive motion directly from the temporal ﬁlter responses densely computed over the motion maps. For experimental veriﬁcation of our claims, we use our novel dataset for repetition estimation, better-reﬂecting reality with non-static and non-stationary repetitive motion. On the task of repetition counting, we obtain favorable results compared to a deep learning alternative.
Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy - New Developments within The Cochrane Collaboration

During the last two decades, the number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy has grown considerably and substantial progress has been made in developing and agreeing on methodological standards. The Cochrane Collaboration now considers it timely to register systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies, with the first Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews scheduled to be published in the Cochrane Library in October 2008. Adding such reviews to the Cochrane Library may increase its appeal as the best single source of reliable evidence about the effects of health care. Systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy studies can be methodologically challenging. Diagnostic accuracy studies can be difficult to identify. They are likely to show substantial variability, because of small sample sizes, clinical diversity, due to differences in setting or spectrum, and because of differences in design. Unlike randomized trials, which report a single measure such as the relative risk, diagnostic test accuracy studies usually report a pair of measures of test performance, such as the test’s sensitivity and specificity, either at a point or along a ROC curve. Methods for meta-analysis have to take this bivariate nature of the data into account. In this paper we present some of the most recent developments in the methodology for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies that will be incorporated in the Cochrane review process. Proefschrift Mariska.indd 14 12-05-2008 18:18:03 15 Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy
PATHOGENESIS OF THE LIMP DUE TO COXALGIA

In conclusion, we believe that we have proved that the limp of coxalgia is a limp of escape, a limp of defense by antalgic reflex. The antalgic gait, it should be noted, is not associated exclusively with coxalgia. It is seen in all conditions causing instability of the hip. It is very frequent in congenital dislocations of the hip, particularly in those cases of subluxation in which the phenomena of arthritis predominate over those due to interference with the static equilibrium. We have frequently seen patients with bilateral congenital dislocation of the hip present the Trendelenburg sign on one side and the antalgic limp on the other, or show the antalgic limp only periodically. The antalgic limp is an indication of the degree of irritability of the fibrous neo-capsule in coxalgia, or of the deformed capsule of congenital dislocation of the hip. It is for the same reason that the antalgic gait characterizes the limp of those with arthritis deformans of the hip. Here again, the antagic movement makes possible the avoidance of pain.
Low-Carbon Impact of Urban Rail Transit Based on Passenger Demand Forecast in Baoji

There are increasing traffic pollution issues in the process of urbanization in many countries; urban rail transit is low-carbon and widely regarded as an effective way to solve such problems. The passenger flow proportion of different transportation types is changing along with the adjustment of the urban traffic structure and a growing demand from passengers. The reduction of carbon emissions brought about by rail transit lacks specific quantitative research. Based on a travel survey of urban residents, this paper constructed a method of estimating carbon emissions from two different scenarios where rail transit is and is not available. This study uses the traditional four-stage model to forecast passenger volume demand at the city level and then obtains the basic target parameters for constructing the carbon emission reduction model, including the trip origin-destination (OD), mode, and corresponding distance range of different modes on the urban road network. This model was applied to Baoji, China, where urban rail transit will be available from 2023. It calculates the changes in carbon emission that rail transit can bring about and its impact on carbon emission reductions in Baoji in 2023.
Magnetic Vortex and Hyperthermia Suppression in Multigrain Iron Oxide Nanorings

Single-crystal iron oxide nanorings have been proposed as a promising candidate for magnetic hyperthermia application because of their unique shape-induced vortex-domain structure, which supports good colloidal stability and enhanced magnetic properties. However, the synthesis of single crystalline iron oxide has proven to be challenging. In this article, we showed that chemically synthesized multigrain magnetite nanorings disfavor a shape-induced magnetic vortex-domain structure. Our results indicate that the multigrain Fe3O4 nanorings with an average outer diameter of ~110 nm and an inner to outer diameter ratio of ~0.5 do not show a shape-induced vortex-domain structure, which was observed in the single-crystal Fe3O4 nanorings of similar dimensions. At 300 Ks, multigrain magnetite nanorings showed an effective anisotropy field of 440 Oe, which can be attributed to its high surface area and intraparticle interaction. Both calorimetric and AC loop measurements showed a moderate inductive heating efficiency of multigrain magnetite nanorings of ~300 W/g at 800 Oe. Our results shed light on the magnetic ground states of chemically synthesized multigrain Fe3O4 nanorings.
Propagation of distinct Love-wave pulses from regional to teleseismic distances in continental and oceanic environments

Surface waves are usually dispersive with long wave trains and steady decay of amplitude with distance. However, if the group velocity is nearly constant for a span of periods a strong pulse is produced that retains its amplitude for large distances. This situation arises for the fundamental mode of Love waves in the period band 40–500 s for crust and mantle structures with a positive gradient of S wave speed in the uppermost mantle. Such a distinct Love-wave pulse with limited dispersion observed at teleseismic distance is termed the G wave in honour of Gutenberg. The long-period G-wave pulse caused by large earthquakes carries a large amount of energy to substantial distances, with significant effects across the globe, for example event triggering. A similar G-type Love-wave pulse with a much shorter-period of 10–20 s is generated for crustal structures without thick sediment. Such pulses produce anomalously large ground displacement at near-regional distances with, for example an overestimate of surface wave magnitude. We investigate the generation and propagation mechanism of the G-type Love-wave pulses in the crust and upper-mantle with the analysis of observed strong motion records from the Mw 6.2 2016 Central Tottori earthquake and the Mw 9.0 2011 Off Tohoku earthquake in Japan, in conjunction with 3-D finite-difference simulation of seismic wave propagation and analysis of dispersion curves.
Establishing a physical health monitoring service for patients on depot antipsychotic medication

Introduction Patients with major mental illness are recognised to be at risk of premature death for a multitude of reasons. This initiative aimed to improve the physical health monitoring of patients prescribed depot antipsychotic medication in a catchment area of ~36 000 in Ireland. Objectives International best practice recommends monitoring of blood tests, physical parameters such as weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure, and side effects of patients prescribed antipsychotic medication. A clinic was established to target these interventions. Methods A cohort of patients receiving antipsychotics in long-acting injectable form was chosen. A twice-yearly, multidisciplinary health monitoring clinic was established. Evaluation involved an audit of medical records which measured the proportion of those attending the clinic who had blood test monitoring and physical parameters recorded. Results Before the clinic’s implementation, 30% of patients had evidence of some blood test monitoring, 9% had evidence of complete blood testing and one patient had evidence of physical health parameters having been recorded. One year after the implementation 78% of patients had evidence of some blood test monitoring, 61% had evidence of full blood test monitoring and 100% had evidence of physical parameters recorded. Conclusions The clinic was positively received by patients, and led to improved teamwork. Recommendations include organising concurrent psychiatric and phlebotomy clinics so that patients may avail of psychiatric review and blood testing at a single appointment. As a result of the increased focus on physical health monitoring, a similar project is planned to target all patients prescribed antipsychotics.
Role of Transformational Leadership and its Components on Organizational Innovation through Employee Engagement: Evidence from Pakistan

In spite of all the resources and a growing talent pool, the level of organizational innovative culture remains low in Pakistani organizations. Thus, there arises the need to identify the factors that can enhance innovative practices in Pakistan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the key role of transformational leadership in Pakistani organizations together with employee engagement on Pakistani organizations innovative performance. To investigate this phenomenon of interest 400 valid responses, purposively collected, were analyzed via simple regression and PROCESS macro. The results indicate that a positive and significant relationships exist between all of the study variables except one. The results also show that the direct effect of transformational (TL) leadership on organizational innovation (OI) is not significant in the presence of employee engagement (EE) as a mediator, indicating that engaged employees are more likely to contribute in the organizational innovation practices. The current study provides important implications for the organizational leaders and strategy makers, the limitations of study and proposes recommendation for future research.
Direito a outra cidade:

Understanding the favelas as alternative forms of resistance to the capitalist process of dwelling, our goal with this article is to comprehend and analise in which way this spaces can be seen as context and agent of a collective construction of another city, coexisting and at the same time resisting the hegemonic model of a city. Our analisis is made through the lenses of the insurgent architect and urbanist and that seeks to approach in a deeply critic form how this professional could participate in the struggle for the production and transformation of urban spaces un-hegemonic. In our debate, we work with the favela Indiana, which found itself threatened with removal by the City of Rio de Janeiro. Using this study as an conductive axis of the discussion and following the methodology of B.S. Santos (2007), Latour (2011 [1991]) and Morin (1990), we understand the field as in place where knowledge is produced and put to practice, and in which the distortions of general thinking are reduced.
Video Codec Using Flexible Block Partitioning and Advanced Prediction, Transform and Loop Filtering Technologies

This paper describes a joint response to the Call for Proposals by Samsung, Huawei, GoPro, and HiSilicon on Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC/H.265, jointly issued by ITU-T SG16 Q.6 (VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 (MPEG). In the proposed codec, the coding framework supports hierarchical splitting with binary and ternary trees and flexible coding order representations. Additionally, novel compression tools on inter/intra prediction, in-loop filtering, and entropy coding have been proposed. The proposed compression scheme provides significantly higher compression capability than the state-of-the-art HEVC/H.265 standard for SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) category while maintaining complexity acceptable for emerging applications. When all the proposed algorithmic tools are used, the proposed video codec achieves approximately 40% bit-saving for the SDR cetegory on average compared to HEVC/H.265 anchor.
Relative importance of inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukins-6) in neonatal sepsis

Objective: Early diagnosis and treatment decreases the mortality and morbidity of neonatal sepsis(NS). The aim of this study was to find out the level of different inflammatory markers in neonatal sepsis. Methods: Forty two term neonates with non-sepsis (n = 17), clinical (n = 10) and proven (n = 15) sepsis were evaluated. Blood cultures were obtained and ESR, CRP, procalcitonin, IL-6 levels were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to look for association between NS and different inflammatory markers and to compare the strength of association among the markers. Findings: Among the 42 neonates, CRP level was found to be elevated in 27 neonates, ESR in 22 neonates, both procalcitonoin and IL-6 in 24 neonates respectively. Both sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin and IL-6 were high compare to CRP. Conclusions: Blood culture significantly increases the proven sepsis status among neonates with suspected sepsis. ESR is a poor predictor of NS. Newer inflammatory markers namely procalcitonin and IL-6 were found to have greater value than CRP, but not ESR.
Population genomic structure in Goodman’s mouse lemur reveals long-standing separation of Madagascar’s Central Highlands and eastern rainforests

The Central Highland Plateau of Madagascar is largely composed of grassland savanna, interspersed with patches of closed-canopy forest. Conventional wisdom has it that these grasslands are anthropogenic in nature, having been created very recently via human agricultural practices. Yet, the ancient origins of the endemic grasses suggest that the extensive savannas are natural biomes, similar to others found around the globe. We use a phylogeographic approach to compare these two competing scenarios. By sampling multiple populations of Goodman’s mouse lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara), a small-bodied nocturnal primate, we reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic history of these “environmental metronomes” to estimate the time at which their populations diverged, and thus proximally, when their habitats would have become fragmented. We applied coalescent methods to RADseq data to infer phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and migration corridors among sampling sites. These analyses indicate that forest fragmentation occurred rapidly during a period of decreased precipitation near the last glacial maximum and would have affected both the Central Highlands and eastern forests. Though there is clear genomic structure separating the populations of the Central Highland from those of the eastern rainforests, there is also evidence of historical migration between them. Findings support the hypothesis that the Central Highland savanna predates human arrival, indicating that it is a natural landscape that has long impacted the population dynamics of Goodman’s mouse lemur, and by extension, other forest-dwelling organisms in Madagascar.
Polifarmácia e uso de medicamentos inapropriados em idosos institucionalizados: lições ainda não aprendidas

long-term care institution. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Medical prescriptions for elderly people who were hospitalized for at least one month in a long-term care institution were analyzed. A script containing the following variables was used for data collection: age, gender, length of institutionalization, prescribed medications, presence of inappropriate medications for the elderly and practice of polypharmacy. RESULTS: A total of 253 medical prescriptions were analyzed. Among the elderly studied, 149 (59%) were men. Their mean age was 74 ± 9 years. The median length of institutionalization was 62 (1 – 942) months. Among the medical prescriptions analyzed, the mean was 7 ± 3 medications, and 68 (27%) contained at least 1 inappropriate medication for the elderly. Practice of polypharmacy was found in 197 (78%) prescriptions. CONCLUSION: These results show a high prevalence of inappropriate medications and practice of polypharmacy raising the risks for institutionalized elderly.