Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical effects of weak electric fields in the trailing columns of sprite streamers

The chemical effects of undervoltage electric fields in the trailing columns of sprite streamers are investigated. The existence of such fields is suggested by observations of ELF radiation associated with optical emissions of bright sprites that has been interpreted as evidence for intense electrical currents flowing in the body of the sprite. In this paper an earlier nonlinear coupled chemical kinetics modelling study involving 80+ species and 800+ reactions of the chemical response to the passage of a sprite streamer at 70 km altitude is extended to include undervoltage fields in the trailing region behind the compact streamer head that would be responsible for driving such currents. Recent high speed imaging observations combined with chemical modelling results suggest that the trailing field is less than ∼0.5Ek, where Ek is the threshold electric field for the ionization avalanche. Electron densities are slightly decreased on account of enhanced dissociative attachment in the undervoltage environment. The effects on the densities of O(3P) and the metastable species O(1D) and are enhancements by a modest factor of 2 or less compared with a field-free tail. O2(a 1Δg) shows slightly greater enhancements, by up to a factor of 3, and O− shows enhancements by up to a factor of 5.
MEAN REVERSION IN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY MARKETS

Ortalamaya donme egilimi, gectigimiz kirk yilda bircok calisma tarafindan surekli olarak gozlemlenmis, bircok calisma tarafindan da varligi reddedilmis bir olgudur. Bu calismanin ilk amaci, guncel bir veri seti kullanarak gelismis ve gelismekte olan pazarlardan ve MSCI tarafindan saglanan uluslarasi endekslerden olusan genis bir yelpazede ortalamaya donme egilimini arastirarak bu konunun aydinlatilmasina katkida bulunmaktir. Bu dogrultuda, bu uluslararasi sermaye endekslerinin ve bahsi gecen pazarlarin sermaye piyasalarinin dolar bazindaki nominal, reel ve fazla getirileri uzerinde varyans orani hesaplamalari yapilmis ve rasgelelestirmeye dayanan dagilimdan bagimsiz bir istatistiksel test uygulanmistir. Bazi durumlarda istatistiksel onem suphelere yol acsa da, sonuclar hem gelismis, hem de gelismekte olan ulkelerde ortalamaya donme egiliminin var oldugunu gostermektedir. Bununla beraber firma buyuklugu ve getiri tipinin ortalamaya donme egiliminin derecesi uzerinde onemli etkileri oldugu gozlemlenmistir.
Effect of buffer chemistries on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of three metallic materials

The influence of chemistry apart from the pH of buffers on the electrochemical corrosion behaviours of mild steel (MS) and 7004 aluminium alloy (AA) was studied using acetate, citrate, and citrate-phosphate buffers having an identical pH of 4. While the buffers showed marginal to insignificant variations in their anodic and cathodic kinetics on Pt, the cathodic current density for MS and AA in these buffers increased in the order citrate < citrate-phosphate < acetate. As for the anodic current density, it increased in the order: acetate < citrate < citrate-phosphate for MS and citrate < acetate < citrate-phosphate for AA. Such variations were explained based on the direct reduction of the weak acids and the complexing behaviour of the metal ions with the buffer species. The study suggests the importance of considering buffer chemistries while studying the influence of pH on electrochemical corrosion including localized corrosion behaviour of metals.
Functional spatial distribution and sociometric characteristics of Formica fusca ants during winter dormancy

1. Ant colonies passing through the period of winter dormancy are subject to the two conflicting selective pressures: (i) on escaping the coldest temperatures during the winter by hiding deep into the soil and (ii) on the reactivation after overwintering as soon as the weather conditions become favourable and the soil surface is warm enough.
Zirconia Aerogels with High Surface Area Derived from Sols Prepared by Electrolyzing Zirconium Oxychloride Solution: Comparison of Aerogels Prepared by Freeze-Drying and Supercritical CO2(l) Extraction

Zirconia aerogels with high surface area of ca. 640 m2/g were prepared from sols made by electrolyzing zirconium oxychloride solutions at room temperature. To obtain the aerogels, supercritical CO2(l) extraction or freeze-drying was applied to remove the solvents from the wet gels. The microstructures and properties of aerogels produced by the two processes were characterized and compared. The aerogel produced by the supercritical CO2(l) drying process (S-aerogel) had a mesoporous structure (pore size, 9.7 nm) and was a transparent monolith, whereas that prepared by the freeze-drying process (F-aerogel) had a microporous structure (pore size, 0.59 nm) and was an opaque white powder, which transformed from amorphous to crystalline solids upon calcination. Moreover, the effects of the yittria on the microstucture and phase structure of the prepared aerogels were investigated.
Study of excitonic transitions in δ-doped GaAs/AlAs quantum wells

Investigation of excitonic lines in differential surface photovoltage (DSPV) spectra of p-type (Be) ‐-doped GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures is reported. From the lineshape analysis of the DSPV spectra, the energies and line broadening parameters for a large number of QW related excitonic transitions were determined. It is found that transition energies are in a good agreement with calculations carried out within the envelope function approximation taking into account the nonparabolicity of energy bands. Examining the dependence of the exciton linewidth on the QW thickness, the line-broadening mechanisms were revealed and interface roughness in the MQW structures was evaluated. An asymmetrical lineshape of certain excitonic transitions in SPV spectra of MQW structures was shown to be related to the Fano resonance.
A Combined Deep Learning Method with Attention-Based LSTM Model for Short-Term Traffic Speed Forecasting

Short-term traffic speed prediction is a promising research topic in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which also plays an important role in the real-time decision-making of traffic control and guidance systems. However, the urban traffic speed has strong temporal, spatial correlation and the characteristic of complex nonlinearity and randomness, which makes it challenging to accurately and efficiently forecast short-term traffic speeds. We investigate the relevant literature and found that although most methods can achieve good prediction performance with the complete sample data, when there is a certain missing rate in the database, it is difficult to maintain accuracy with these methods. Recent studies have shown that deep learning methods, especially long short-term memory (LSTM) models, have good results in short-term traffic flow prediction. Furthermore, the attention mechanism can properly assign weights to distinguish the importance of traffic time sequences, thereby further improving the computational efficiency of the prediction model. Therefore, we propose a framework for short-term traffic speed prediction, including data preprocessing module and short-term traffic prediction module. In the data preprocessing module, the missing traffic data are repaired to provide a complete dataset for subsequent prediction. In the prediction module, a combined deep learning method that is an attention-based LSTM (ATT-LSTM) model for predicting short-term traffic speed on urban roads is proposed. The proposed framework was applied to the urban road network in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, with a 30-day traffic speed dataset (floating car data) used as the experimental sample. Results show that the proposed method outperforms other deep learning algorithms (such as recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN)) in terms of both calculating efficiency and prediction accuracy. The attention mechanism can significantly reduce the error of the LSTM model (up to 12.4%) and improves the prediction performance.
RefRec: Indoor Positioning Using a Camera Recording Floor Reflections of Lights

—In recent years, there has been a growing interest in indoor positioning techniques using the ubiquitous infrastructure. This paper describes an indoor positioning method using light-emitting diode light reﬂecting from the ﬂoor and a smartphone camera recording it. Almost all traditional methods must detect the light source directly. However, there are some constraints to their usage since light sources cannot always be detected directly. Our proposal aims to solve this problem by estimating the position of a camera that does not face the light directly but records light reﬂected from the ﬂoor. The camera need not detect the ceiling lights directly from an image, unlike existing methods. Experimental results show that the proposal requires less than 1/100 the number of pixels for localization as do existing methods, and the 3-D position and attitude can be estimated within 0.27 m and 5.78 degrees at the 90th percentile in a 4.0 m square room.
Contextual Factors and Mechanisms that Influence Sustainability: A Realist Evaluation of Two Provincially Scaled Evidence-Based Initiatives

Background: In 2012, Alberta Health Services created Strategic Clinical NetworksTM (SCNs) to develop and implement evidence-informed, clinician-led and team-delivered health system improvement in Alberta, Canada. SCNs have had several provincial successes in improving health outcomes. Little research has been done on the sustainability of these evidence-based implementation efforts.Methods: We conducted a qualitative realist evaluation using a case study approach to identify and explain the contextual factors and mechanisms perceived to influence the sustainability of two provincial SCN evidence-based interventions, a delirium intervention for Critical Care and an Appropriate Use of Antipsychotics (AUA) intervention for Senior’s Health. The context (C) + mechanism (M) = outcome (O) configurations (CMOcs) heuristic guided our research.Results: We conducted thirty realist interviews in two cases and found four important mechanisms facilitating sustainability: the use of a collaborative approach, audit & feedback, the informal leadership role, and patient stories. Informal leaders were often hands-on and influential to front-line staff. Learning collaboratives broke down professional and organizational silos and encouraged collective sharing and learning, motivating participants to continue with the intervention. Continual audit & feedback interventions motivated participants to want to perform and improve on a long-term basis, increasing the likelihood of sustainability of the two scaled, multi-component interventions. Patient stories demonstrated the interventions’ impact on patient outcomes, motivating staff to want to continue doing the intervention, and increasing the likelihood of its sustainability.Conclusions: There are important contextual factors and mechanisms within sustainability processes that may apply to systems change implementers and decision makers. Our research revealed the causal relationship between implementation and sustainability and how outcomes from implementation shape sustainability contexts. Future work is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of informal leadership, learning collaboratives, audit-feedback, and patient stories as strategies for sustainability, to generate better guidance on planning sustainable improvements with long term impact.
Temporary part-time employment and future wages of male employees – a panel data analysis of the German labour market

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between temporary part-time employment and the wages male employees receive in subsequent full-time employment within the first five and the first ten years from the date of starting their full-time employment. The study uses data from the German labour market, obtained from the Socio-Economic Panel for the years 1984–2014. The fixed effects estimator, which solves the unobserved heterogeneity issue by removing time-invariant individual effects by a ‘within’ transformation, was applied in the empirical analysis. The results indicate that having experience as a part-time worker is associated with lower future wages – a one-year increase in the number of years in part-time work in the last two to five years leads to a reduction in future wages in a full-time job by 4.4% on average, compared to having solely a full-time job experience. However, this relationship becomes statistically insignificant after five years of being employed full-time. The results are robust to different specifications and it is indicated that an inverse relationship between working below regular hours and future wages in full-time employment is related to working parttime in lowand medium-skilled occupations. At the same time, working part-time is less detrimental to future wages than periods of unemployment.
Teacher immunity in professional identity: reflection on male ielts teachers’ homosocial fabrics in 2 iranian ethnographic institutions

As a new concept in language teacher psychology, language teacher immunity is a strong indicator of how teachers behave and respond in the face of disturbances which has a profound effect on teachers' profession. So, as it is apparent, research on language teacher immunity is in its embryonic stage and this qualitative study tried to fill the gap in the existing literature by using Retrodictive Qualitative Modeling to develop an in-depth understanding the experiences of five IELTS male teachers from two ethnographic sites. And due to research and critical studies into men and masculinity has originated as one of the most emerging areas of sociological investigation, on a macro-level of ethnography, this research study concentrated on male IELTS teachers to see the interpretations about masculinity, homosocial relations and desire to make their own professional identity and on the micro-level, the ethos varies at each institution. To achieve the research objectives and answer the questions of this ethnographic study, three data collection techniques were utilized to generate information, namely document collection, classroom observations, and interviews. The findings of this comparative ethnography revealed that in the IELTS situation, “the Visionary” and “The Spark plug” should be placed in two separate groups of immunity (productive and adaptive) to increase the categories of immunity to 5 in this context. So, by adding masculinity patterns, which changed from physicality into knowledge-discipline and socialization-patronage in this study, it was concluded that those who were in productive and adaptive immunity category were not homogeneous due to the fact that they were complicit and approached themselves to the hegemonic masculinity with slight changes that the researchers could not separate them in their immunity.
The Effectiveness of the Information, Communication, and Education Model for Balance Diet and Against Stunting in the First 1000 Days of Life: A Literature Review

BACKGROUND: The important reason why the first 1000 days are a vulnerable period is that this is a time of very rapid growth and development for a child. One of the efforts to increase this awareness concerning child growth and development is information, communication, and education (ICE). AIM: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of the ICE model for nutritional against stunting in the first 1000 days of life. METHODS: This study used a literature review of published research articles on the effectiveness of the ICE model for nutritional against stunting in the first 1000 days of life published between December 2010 and December 2018 in PubMed and Proquest online article database. Data collection techniques by entering keywords in the database, keywords used: Intervention AND Model OR Media AND health promotion*health-promoting OR health education OR health information OR health communication*health communicating AND golden age OR first 2 years AND infant OR child AND maternal AND parenting AND diet OR nutritional status AND stunting. RESULTS: This study investigated 682 articles. There were six articles included in the literature review. The results showed that to design or develop the ICE model, it is important to pay attention and consider several elements of communication such as promoters (mediators of message delivery); the content of messages, medias or model of message deliveries, message delivery techniques, and the session or frequency of message deliveries. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed an effectiveness of the ICE model for nutritional against stunting in the first 1000 days of life.
How Does 2016 WHO Criteria for Polycythemia Vera Contribute to Our Daily Practice? A Single-Center Study from Turkey

Background: We evaluated the frequency of subnormal erythropoietin levels, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F positivity and polycythemia vera (PV) in patients who did not meet World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 criterion for hemoglobin levels but were suggested to be investigated for PV in 2016 revision. Materials and Methods: We assessed the data of 92 patients who were further evaluated with JAK2V617F mutation and serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels and bone marrow biopsy, if necessary. We also compared this patient group with 20 patients whose Hgb>18.5 g/dL for men and >16.5 g/dL for women. Results: Nine patients (45%) in the higher hemoglobin group were JAK2V617F positive, while 4 patients (4.3%) in the lower hemoglobin group were JAK2V617F positive (p<0.001). The number of patients with serum EPO levels <4.3 mIU/mL was significantly higher in the higher hemoglobin group (n=13, 65%) than the lower hemoglobin group (n=7, 7.6%) (p<0.001). Finally, the number of patients who received a diagnosis of PV was significantly higher in the higher hemoglobin group (n=13, 65%) than the lower hemoglobin group (n=9, 9.8%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: We found a substantial increase in patients who were candidates for testing for PV with the introduction of WHO 2016 criteria; these patients were diagnosed with PV with a rate (9.8%) that cannot be underestimated.
Phonon spectroscopy of CdSe1–xTex nanocrystals grown in a borosilicate glass

Phonon spectra of CdSe1–xTex nanocrystals grown in a borosilicate glass matrix, are studied by Raman spectroscopy. The experimental data are compared to those obtained by other authors for bulk and nanoscale CdSe1–xTex. With the account of the factors specific for glass-embedded nanocrystals, Raman spectroscopy is shown to be a reliable and non-destructive method to evaluate the ternary nanocrystal composition. Raman measurements performed at different excitation wavelengths enabled the compositional dispersion of the nanocrystals to be estimated. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance enhancement of DFBL based near‐infrared CH4 telemetry system using a focus tunable lens

A methane telemetry system for 1653 nm DFB laser based on TDLAS‐WMS technology is developed in this article. The focus tunable lens is used as the collimating system of the telemetry device to solve the problem that the telemetry device cannot be dynamically adjusted under different detection environments. Experimental results show that the root mean square error was 7.6205 and the theoretical limit of detection (LoD) was 1.473 parts per million (ppm) while the optimal integration time reaches 30 s. The near‐infrared CH4 telemetry system is suitable for different detection environments of natural gas leakage and has good detection performance and stable and reliable operation.
Technique for aerosol flow check in differential mobility analyzer and its influence on classification performance

The flow pattern of aerosol and sheath air in a cylindrical annulus of a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) is critical to determine the classification performance of the DMA. In the present work, a new technique to check aerosol flow inside the DMA is proposed and the influences of aerosol flow distortion and broadening on the classification performance are investigated by means of the Tandem DMA method. As a result, it is found that (1) the annular flow inside the studied DMA is a fully developed laminar flow with a negligible mixing between aerosol and sheath air when the aerosol flow rate is less than 3 l/min and the sheath air flow rate is 17.5 l/min, (2) a larger width of aerosol entrance slit causes uneven distribution of aerosol flow in the circumferential direction, and (3) both the uneven distribution and broadening of the aerosol flow lead to a broader band of classified particle electrical mobility, as well as a shift of peak electrical mobility to a smaller range. These results suggest that aerosol flow inside a short-type DMA is more sensitive to the flow rates and its structure compared to the conventional TSI type DMA.
Selective extraction of trace metals associated with hydrous aluminum oxides

In soil/sediment analysis, subdivision of trace metal content into different categories is usually based on selective extraction schemes. To assess the disposition of metal ions bound to aluminum hydrous oxides in such schemes, suspensions of Al(OH)3gel, gibbsite, or alumina were loaded with up to 5 μ mol of Cu, Pb, Cd, or Zn ions prior to being extracted for 24 h with one of fifteen different chemical solutions. The percentage of sorbed ion retrieved varied along the reagent sequence: NaCl, CaCl2 < MgCl2, NH4NO3 < CH3COONH4, Na citrate, Na4P2O7 < EDTA, DTPA < CH3COOH, H2C2O4, HCl, HNO3. In each system, the recovery value varied with the initial surface loading (a function of sorption pH) and reflected changes in metal species form, e.g., bonded M2+, (MOH+), M(OH)2. With low loading levels up to 40% was displaced by salt solutions; with 1 to 2 μ mol sorbed, as little as 10% was displaced by acids or complex formers but this increased to ~90% with higher loadings. The relationship between sorption pH, amou.
Molecular characterization of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) affecting cucurbits in Turkey

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) causes yellowing symptoms on the older leaves of plants from several species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Previous phylogenetic analyses showed the existence of two major clades of CABYV isolates related to their geographic origin – Asian vs European-African (Mediterranean) groups. To provide an understanding of the molecular variability of CABYV in Turkey, surveys were performed in 2011 to 2015 to obtain plants infected by the virus in four provinces, where cucurbit cultivation is of economic importance for the country. One hundred and forty leaf samples of cucurbit plants showing virus-like symptoms: yellowing, mosaic, deformation on leaves and stunting, were collected from Antalya, Ankara and Burdur provinces during the 2011–2013 growing seasons and 40 leaf samples from Tokat province during the 2015 growing season. Five CABYV isolates, collected in Antalya, Hatay and Mugla provinces in 1994, were added to the analysis. The coat protein coding regions of 15 CABYV isolates were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers and sequenced. According to the sequence analyses, 11 isolates shared 99% nucleotide identity with isolates from Egypt, Slovenia and Montenegro, three isolates showed more than 99% nucleotide identity with isolates from China, South Korea and Iran, and one isolate presented evidence of mixed infection. Neighbour-joining analyses based on the resultant sequences revealed that the Turkish CABYV isolates clustered in two distinct molecular groups: five isolates from 1994, six isolates from 2012–2013 and one from 2015 clustered in the Mediterranean group, whereas three isolates from 2012–2013 clustered in the Asian group. In addition, one isolate presented a mixed infection of the two groups.