Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ABC: Android Botnet Classification using feature selection and classification algorithms

Smartphones have become an important part of human lives, and this led to an increase number of smartphone users. However, this also attracts hackers to develop malicious applications especially Android botnet to steal the private information and causing financial losses. Due to the fast modifications in the technologies used by malicious application (app) developers, there is an urgent need for more advanced techniques for Android botnet detection. In this paper, a new approach for Android botnet classification based on features selection and classification algorithms is proposed. The proposed approach uses the permissions requested in the Android app as features, to differentiate between the Android botnet apps and benign apps. The Information Gain algorithm is used to select the most significant permissions, then the classification algorithms Naive Bayes, Random Forest and J48 used to classify the Android apps as botnet or benign apps. The experimental results show that Random Forest Algorithm achieved the highest detection accuracy of 94.6% with lowest false positive rate of 0.099.
The virial theorem and the dark matter problem in hybrid metric-Palatini gravity

Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity is a recently proposed theory, consisting of the superposition of the metric Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with an f(ℛ) term constructed à la Palatini. The theory predicts the existence of a long-range scalar field, which passes the Solar System observational constraints, even if the scalar field is very light, and modifies the cosmological and galactic dynamics. Thus, the theory opens new possibilities to approach, in the same theoretical framework, the problems of both dark energy and dark matter. In this work, we consider the generalized virial theorem in the scalar-tensor representation of the hybrid metric-Palatini gravity. More specifically, taking into account the relativistic collisionless Boltzmann equation, we show that the supplementary geometric terms in the gravitational field equations provide an effective contribution to the gravitational potential energy. We show that the total virial mass is proportional to the effective mass associated with the new terms generated by the effective scalar field, and the baryonic mass. In addition to this, we also consider astrophysical applications of the model and show that the model predicts that the mass associated to the scalar field and its effects extend beyond the virial radius of the clusters of galaxies. In the context of the galaxy cluster velocity dispersion profiles predicted by the hybrid metric-Palatini model, the generalized virial theorem can be an efficient tool in observationally testing the viability of this class of generalized gravity models.
Miniaturized Beam-Switching Array Antenna with MIMO Direct Conversion Transceiver (MIMO-DCT) System for LTE and Wireless Communication Applications

—Due to the increase in the data rates for modern wireless communications and recent generation standards, the switched beam approach and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) direct conversion transceiver (MIMO-DCT) have become promising techniques to satisfy these requirements. The combining of switched beam and MIMO-DCT through the use of multiple antenna elements has been investigated to overcome the high complexity and high spatial directivity of the conventional system. In this paper, a low cost miniaturized beam-switching array antenna with a MIMO-DCT system has been proposed, designed and analysed. The entire proposed system structure has two design stages. The ﬁrst is the design of MIMO-DCT via the integration of microstrip antenna element, hybrid coupler, Wilkinson power divider and single-pole double-throw (SPDT) transmitter/receiver (T/R) switch. The second has the switched beam array antenna design using a Butler matrix feeding network and four distributed subarrays (DSs) of the MIMO-DCT. The entire proposed design structure components have been optimized using a commercial software to evaluate each component and meet the desired performance. The ﬁnal proposed two-stage design has been fabricated, integrated, and the radiation characteristics have been demonstrated, using the Agilent FieldFox network analyser, to meet the requirements for LTE and wireless communication applications.
Internship Course Design - Ex-Post Facto on Curriculum Development of Educational Technology Study Program

: Professional practice training program, known also as internship course, is the field application of knowledge and skills that educational technology students have obtained on campus. Educational technology experts must be able to perform their role as professional educational technologists who have several competences. However, the professional practice training program is not in line with the expected competences as professional educational technologist. The objective of this research is to produce relevant structured program and competences formula which are appropriate for students of educational technology program based on their outcome competences. An ex-post facto method was used in this research and the data was collected from last year of finished professional practice training program. This research used Association for Educational Communication and Technology (AECT) standard as a guideline and framework, especially the 2012 AECT standard consisting of five aspects: content knowledge, content pedagogy, learning environments, professional knowledge and skills, and research. Each aspect is explained within the framework of creating, using, assessing/evaluating, and managing ethics. The results of this research are: 1) Matrix of educational technology competences; 2) Course design of professional practice training program; 3) Model of practice that can be used to improve the existing program.
Searching for standard clocks in the primordial universe

Classically oscillating massive fields can be used as ``standard clocks'' in the primordial universe. They generate features in primordial density perturbations that directly record the scale factor evolution a(t). Detecting and measuring these ``fingerprint'' signals is challenging but would provide a direct evidence for a specific primordial universe paradigm. In this paper, such a search is performed for the power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies using the WMAP7 data. Although a good fit to the data privileges a scale around k = 0.01 Mpc−1, we do not find statistical significance for, neither against, the presence of any feature. We then forecast the expected constraints a Planck-like CMB experiment can impose on the fingerprint parameters by using Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) methods on mock data. We exhibit a high sensitivity zone for wavenumbers ranging from 0.01 Mpc−1 to 0.1 Mpc−1 in which fingerprints show up first on the posterior probability distribution of the wavenumber at which they occur, and then on the modulation frequency. Within the sensitivity zone, we show that the inflationary paradigm can be inferred from a single feature generating at least a 20% modulation of the primordial power spectrum. This minimal value sensitively depends on the modulation frequency.
MID-INFRARED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON AND H2 EMISSION AS A PROBE OF PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN EXTREME PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) observations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and molecular hydrogen emission are a potentially powerful tool to derive physical properties of dense environments irradiated by intense UV fields. We present new, spatially resolved, Spitzer mid-IR spectroscopy of the high UV field and dense photodissociation region (PDR) around Monoceros R2, the closest ultracompact H ii region, revealing the spatial structure of ionized gas, PAHs, and H2 emissions. Using a PDR model and PAH emission feature fitting algorithm, we build a comprehensive picture of the physical conditions prevailing in the region. We show that the combination of the measurement of PAH ionization fraction and of the ratio between the H2 0–0 S(3) and S(2) line intensities, respectively, at 9.7 and 12.3 μm, allows us to derive the fundamental parameters driving the PDR: temperature, density, and UV radiation field when they fall in the ranges T = 250–1500 K, nH = 104–106 cm−3, and G0 = 103–105, respectively. These mid-IR spectral tracers thus provide a tool to probe the similar but unresolved UV-illuminated surface of protoplanetary disks or the nuclei of starburst galaxies.
A lattice spring model of heterogeneous materials with plasticity

A three-dimensional lattice spring model of a heterogeneous material is presented. For small deformations, the model is shown to recover the governing equations for an isotropic elastic medium. The model gives reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions for the elastic fields generated by a spherical inclusion, although for small particle sizes the discretization of the underlying lattice causes some departures from the predicted values. Plasticity is introduced by decreasing the elastic moduli locally whilst maintaining stress continuity. Results are presented for a spherical inclusion in a plastic matrix and are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of Wilner (1988 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 36 141-65).
A Review of Data Mining with Big Data towards Its Applications in the Electronics Industry

Data mining (DM) with Big Data has been widely used in the lifecycle of electronic products that range from the design and production stages to the service stage. A comprehensive analysis of DM with Big Data and a review of its application in the stages of its lifecycle will not only benefit researchers to develop strong research themes and identify gaps in the field but also help practitioners for DM application system development. In this paper, a brief clarification of DM-related topics is presented first. A flowchart of DM and the main content of the flowchart steps are given in which commonly used data preparation and preprocessing approaches, DM functions and techniques, and performances indicators are summarized. Then, a comprehensive review covering 105 articles from 2007 to 2017 on DM or Big Data applications in the electronics industry is provided according to the flowchart from various points of view such as data handling, applications of DM, or Big Data at different lifecycle stages, and the software used in the applications. On this basis, a diagram of data content for different knowledge areas and a framework for DM and Big Data applications in the electronics industry are established. Finally, conclusions and future research directions are given.
3D Shape Matching with 3D Shape Contexts

Content based 3D shape retrieval for broad domains like the World Wide Web has recently gained considerable attention in Computer Graphics community. One of the main challenges in this context is the mapping of 3D objects into compact canonical representations referred to as descriptors or feature vector, which serve as search keys during the retrieval process. The descriptors should have certain desirable properties like invariance under scaling, rotation and translation as well as a descriptive power providing a basis for similarity measure between threedimensional objects which is close to the human notion of resemblance. In this paper we introduce an enhanced 3D approach of the recently introduced 2D Shape Contexts that can be used for measuring 3d shape similarity as fast, intuitive and powerful similarity model for 3D objects. The Shape Context at a point captures the distribution over relative positions of other shape points and thus summarizes global shape in a rich, local descriptor. Shape Contexts greatly simplify recovery of correspondences between points of two given shapes. Moreover, the Shape Context leads to a robust score for measuring shape similarity, once shapes are aligned.
Dynamic performance of a superelastic column–base connection

The present paper provides an innovative insight into the design of column–base connections, for steel moment resisting frames, with superelastic shape‐memory alloy cables. The proposed strategy is to prevent damage in these connections due to the rotation demands associated with seismic events, by using lateral restraining cables working in phase opposition. A simplified experimental prototype of the proposed connection is tested, under several loading scenarios, proving to be a versatile solution in terms of rotational stiffness, with significant energy dissipating features and re‐centering capabilities. A series of numerical simulations are also performed, providing a clear evidence of the good seismic performance of the proposed superelastic connection in real‐scale civil engineering structures.
Power management in PV-battery-hydro based standalone microgrid

This work deals with the frequency regulation, voltage regulation, power management and load levelling of solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery-hydro based microgrid (MG). In this MG, the battery capacity is reduced as compared to a system, where the battery is directly connected to the DC bus of the voltage source converter (VSC). A bidirectional DC-DC converter connects the battery to the DC bus and it controls the charging and discharging current of the battery. It also regulates the DC bus voltage of VSC, frequency and voltage of MG. The proposed system manages the power flow of different sources like hydro and solar PV array. However, the load levelling is managed through the battery. The battery with VSC absorbs the sudden load changes, resulting in rapid regulation of DC link voltage, frequency and voltage of MG. Therefore, the system voltage and frequency regulation allows the active power balance along with the auxiliary services such as reactive power support, source current harmonics mitigation and voltage harmonics reduction at the point of common interconnection. The experimental results under various steady state and dynamic conditions, exhibit the excellent performance of the proposed system and validate the design and control of proposed MG.
Impact of Financing Instruments and Strategies on the Wind Power Production Costs: A Case of Lithuania

Abstract The paper aims at demonstrating the relevance of financing instruments, their terms and financing strategies in relation to the cost of wind power production and the ability of wind power plant (PP) to participate in the electricity market in Lithuania. The extended approach to the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is applied. The feature of the extended approach lies in considering the lifetime cost and revenue received from the support measures. The research results have substantiated the relevance of financing instruments, their terms and strategies in relation to their impact on the LCOE and competitiveness of wind PP. It has been found that financing of wind PP through the traditional financing instruments (simple shares and bank loans) makes use of venture capital and bonds coming even in the absence of any support. It has been estimated that strategies consisting of different proportions of hard and soft loans, bonds, own and venture capital result in the average LCOE of 5.1–5.7 EURct/kWh (2000 kW), when the expected electricity selling price is 5.4 EURct/kWh. The financing strategies with higher shares of equity could impact by around 6 % higher LCOE compared to the strategies encompassing higher shares of debt. However, seeking to motivate venture capitalists, bond holders or other new financiers entering the wind power sector, support measures (feed-in tariff or investment subsidy) are relevant in case of 250 kW wind PP. It has been estimated that under the unsupported financing strategies, the average LCOE of 250 kW wind PP will be 7.8–8.8 EURct/kWh, but it will reduce by around 50 % if feed-in tariff or 50 % investment subsidy is applied.
Data-driven Model of Temporal Evolution of Solar Mg ii h and k Profiles over the Solar Cycle

The solar radiation in the cores of the Mg ii h and k spectral lines plays a significant role in the illumination of prominences, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), spicules, flare loops, and surges. Moreover, the radiation in these lines strongly correlates with solar magnetic activity and the ultraviolet solar spectral irradiance affecting the photochemistry, especially of oxygen and nitrogen, in the middle atmosphere of the Earth. This work provides a data-driven model of temporal evolution of the solar full-disk Mg ii h and k profiles over the solar cycle. The capability of the model to reproduce the Mg ii h and k profiles for an arbitrary date is statistically assessed. Based on selected 76 IRIS near-UV full-Sun mosaics covering almost the full solar cycle 24, we find the parameters of double-Gaussian fits of the disk-averaged Mg ii h and k profiles and a model of their temporal evolution parameterized by the Bremen composite Mg ii index. The model yields intensities within the uncertainties of the observed data in more than 90% of the reconstructed profiles assuming a statistically representative set of Bremen Mg ii index values in the range of 0.150–0.165. The relevant full-disk Mg ii h and k calibrated profiles with uncertainties and spectral irradiances are provided as an online machine-readable table. The model yields Mg ii h and k profiles representing the disk incident radiation for the radiative-transfer modeling of prominences, CMEs, spicules, flare loops, and surges observed at arbitrary time.
On the Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Actuator Disc Approach in Modelling a Large-Scale Tidal Turbine in a Simple Channel

To date, only a few studies have examined the execution of the actuator disc approximation for a full-size turbine. Small-scale models have fewer constraints than large-scale models because the range of time-scale and length-scale is narrower. Hence, this article presents the methodology in implementing the actuator disc approach via the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) momentum source term for a 20-m diameter turbine in an idealised channel. A structured grid, which varied from 0.5 m to 4 m across rotor diameter and width was used at the turbine location to allow for better representation of the disc. The model was tuned to match known coefficient of thrust and operational profiles for a set of validation cases based on published experimental data. Predictions of velocity deficit and turbulent intensity became almost independent of the grid density beyond 11 diameters downstream of the disc. However, in several instances the finer meshes showed larger errors than coarser meshes when compared to the measurements data. This observation was attributed to the way nodes were distributed across the disc swept area. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the actuator disc was highly influenced by the vertical resolutions, as well as the grid density of the disc enclosure.
VARIATIONS IN DENTAL ARCH MORPHOLOGY ARE OUTCOMES OF THE COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENTAL VARIATION OF HYPODONTIA

Development of the human facial structures including the jaws and dentition occurs in a process that has the characteristics of a complex adaptive system (CAS) influenced by epigenetic, genetic and environmental factors. Earlier studies have suggested dental arch development to be reduced in size in subjects with hypodontia when compared with controls. Hypodontia is a variation of development and presents with a reduced number of teeth together with several other phenotypic changes. This study uses enhanced 3D imaging techniques to increase the accuracy of the measurements of dental arches. The sample consists of orthodontic patients, 60 with hypodontia (thirty males and thirty females), and 60 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity. One operator using an Amann Girrbach Ceramill Map400 3D scanner recorded the 3D images from dental models. The 3D images were then viewed on MeshLab and the accuracy of the measurements were determined through repeat measurement of the same images; this was undertaken with intraand inter-operator reproducibility. Ten repeat measurements were taken on 10 different models. Validation of the new system was undertaken by repeating the measurements using the standard 2D caliper technique. Arch dimension measurements were determined from distance between the left-hand side first molar to the right-hand side first molar. Similar measurements were also made for the inter-canine width. The results for average intraoperator measurements were 0.33 mm for the maxillary arch and 0.40 mm for the mandibular arch. The difference in average inter-operator reproducibility was also measured for inter-molar arch dimensions at 0.31 and 0.23 mm for maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. This novel method provides an increased range of measurement of similar accuracy to standard techniques. This study will proceed to establish the variations on the 3D images between the hypodontia subjects and the control group.
Hamilton-Jacobi theory for general relativity with matter fields

A nonlinear perturbative calculational scheme for solving the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for general relativity with matter fields is described. By taking advantage of the invariance of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation under spatial reparametrizations, the generating functional may be written in terms of a spatial gradient expansion. The solution in superspace, which describes an ensemble of inhomogeneous universes, may be reduced to a solution of a finite dimensional field space at each order of the expansion. Exact solutions of the separated Hamilton-Jacobi equations of order zero and two are given for gravity interacting with dust and scalar fields. Dust fields allow for a quantum formulation with a positive-conserved probability density. Contrary to what is usually required, the new Hamiltonian density does not vanish strongly, but may be written in a form which is quadratic in weakly vanishing terms. The authors' approach is covariant, and they show how to introduce an arbitrary time parameter into the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. This formalism may be applied with profit to the nonlinear evolution of dust fields in matter-dominated as well as vacuum-dominated universes (inflationary cosmologies).
Modelling TF ripple loss of alpha particles in TFTR DT experiments

Modelling of TF ripple loss of alphas in DT experiments on TFTR now includes neoclassical calculations of first orbit loss, stochastic ripple diffusion, ripple trapping and collisional effects. A rapid way to simulate experiment has been developed which uses a simple stochastic domain model for TF ripple loss within the TRANSP analysis code, with the ripple diffusion threshold evaluated by comparison with more accurate but computationally expensive Hamiltonian co-ordinate guiding centre code simulations. Typical TF collisional ripple loss predictions are 6-10% loss of alphas for TFTR DT experiments at Ip=1.0-2.0 MA and R=2.52 m
Spherically symmetric cosmological spacetimes with dust and radiation — numerical implementation

We present new numerical cosmological solutions of the Einstein Field Equations. The spacetime is spherically symmetric with a source of dust and radiation approximated as a perfect fluid. The dust and radiation are necessarily non-comoving due to the inhomogeneity of the spacetime. Such a model can be used to investigate non-linear general relativistic effects present during decoupling or big-bang nucleosynthesis, as well as for investigating void models of dark energy with isocurvature degrees of freedom. We describe the full evolution of the spacetime as well as the redshift and luminosity distance for a central observer. After demonstrating accuracy of the code, we consider a few example models, and demonstrate the sensitivity of the late time model to the degree of inhomogeneity of the initial radiation contrast.