Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on the Suitable Irrigation Amount of Microporous Membrane Water-Fertilizer Integration of Tomato in Spring in Plastic Greenhouse

Water-saving irrigation is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in China. In this study, the growth, nutrient distribution, quality and yield of Tomato under different irrigation treatments are studied by using microporous membrane water-fertilizer integrated technology and the optimal irrigation water quantity under the condition of microporous membrane water-fertilizer integration was determined. The results show that the stem diameter and the fresh and dry weight of tomato increased under the treatment of microporous membrane irrigation, among which the irrigation of 84 m3.667 m-2 was the best, comparing with the traditional flooding irrigation. Microporous membrane irrigation promotes the accumulation of N, P and K in tomato plants. The organic acid content of tomato fruit was the highest under the treatment of 108 m3.667 m-2 and the lycopene content is the highest under the treatment of 96 m3.667 m-2. However, soluble protein, soluble solids, VC content and sugar acid ratio are the highest under the treatment of 84 m3.667 m-2 and the yield and water use efficiency of tomato are the highest under this treatment. Generally, the optimal irrigation amount of tomato under the condition of microporous membrane water-fertilizer integration is 84 m3.667 m-2. The experiment clarifies the crop water demand characteristics and provides a certain theoretical basis for the application of water-saving irrigation technology and high-yield cultivation.
Genetic differentiation among populations of Caridinazebra (Decapoda: Atyidae) in tropical rainforest streams, northern Australia

1. Caridina zebra is a common atyid shrimp in some tropical rainforest streams in far north Queensland, Australia. Genetic variation at five allozyme loci was used to estimate the level of dispersal among populations of this species, within and between stream systems. Shrimps were sampled from nine streams in the Tully River catchment and two headwater streams in the adjacent Herbert River catchment in an area under consideration for extensive hydroelectric development. 2. High levels of genetic differentiation were recorded among most populations which suggests that, like other fully aquatic species, movement is limited to a very small spatial scale. 3. In the Tully catchment, populations of shrimp from streams with confluences at high altitude showed less genetic differentiation than those from streams which directly entered the lower river. Dispersal between the latter streams is clearly limited by the presence of large waterfalls and cascades. 4. Adjacent stream populations were often highly differentiated, despite their close proximity, suggesting that overland dispersal is unlikely. However, populations of shrimp in the two streams in the Herbert catchment were strikingly similar in genetic structure to those in adjacent headwater streams of the Tully. Such similarity may reflect relatively recent changes in drainage patterns.
A New Analysis of Approximate Solutions for Numerical Integration Problems with Quadrature-based Methods

In this paper, we mainly propose the approximate solutions to solve the integration problems numerically using the quadrature method including the Trapezoidal method, Simpson’s 1/3 method, and Simpson’s 3/8 method. The three proposed methods are quite workable and practically well suitable for solving integration problems. Through the MATLAB program, our numerical solutions are determined as well as compared with the exact values to verify the higher accuracy of the proposed methods. Some numerical examples have been utilized to give the accuracy rate and simple implementation of our methods. In this study, we have compared the performance of our solutions and the computational attempt of our proposed methods. Moreover, we explore and calculate the errors of the three proposed methods for the sake of showing our approximate solution’s superiority. Then, among these three methods, we analyzed the approximate errors to prove which method shows more appropriate results. We also demonstrated the approximate results and observed errors to give clear idea graphically. Therefore, from the analysis, we can point out that only the minimum error is in Simpson’s 1/3 method which will beneficial for the readers to understand the effectiveness in solving the several numerical integration problems.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF GINGER AND BLACK PEPPER EXTRACTS (ALONE AND IN COMBINATION) WITH SESAME OIL ON SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

The antibacterial activity of ginger (Zingibero fficinale), Black pepper (Piper nigrum) watery and ethanol extracts (alone and in combination) with Sesame oil (Sesamum indicum) against 10 different types of bacteria (Enterobacter spp., Serratia marscense, Acinetobacter spp., E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Micrococcus spp.) was screened by agar well diffusion method. The results showed that ginger crude alcoholic extract better than other extracts of it and of black pepper. The widest inhibition zone to Streptococcus spp. was (44mm). Sesame oil has bactericidal activity on most types of tested bacteria except Klebsiella spp. , Enterobacter spp. , Salmonella spp. , and Micrococcus spp. In comparison, crude mixture of extracts of (ginger and black pepper) combined with sesame oil exhibited large effect against all types of tested bacteria.
Ultrasound conditioning of Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ 447: growth, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide production, and cell membrane permeability

Sonication is one of the new and innovative approaches that is being increasingly used in food industry to control fermentation processes and to eradicate spoiling. Recently, this approach has seen new industrial applications such as enhancing microbial productivity. The present study aimed to assess the effects of ultrasound conditioning on the metabolism and extracellular matrix production of Streptococcus thermophilus. Bacterial suspensions were treated in ultrasonic bath (35 kHz, 240/60 W peak/nominal power, 1.8 l capacity) for different time periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 65 min), and the growth improvement, adhesion ability, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide production of the bacterial strain were measured. The bacterial strain exhibited resistance to the treatment, and the conditioning improved the growth, adhesion, membrane permeability, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide production ability. An optimal treatment was obtained for 30 minutes of conditioning. An excellent yield of desirable exopolysaccharides (1788 mg glucose equivalent/l) was achieved. Ultrasound conditioning may be used as a potential approach to enhance certain biotechnological properties of industrial microorganisms.
ADSORPTION OF OLEFINS ON ALUMINUM- AND ALUMINUM/TETRAMETHYL- AMMONIUM-EXCHANGED BENTONITES

One montmorillonite, STx-1 (Texas, USA), was activated with different amounts of Al and tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations to obtain materials with a combined Al and TMA content equal to its cation exchange capacity. The adsorption capacity of these samples was studied saturating them with hept-1-ene at room temperature. The samples were heated and the evolved gases analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hept-1-ene reacted with the clays via proton transfer and resulted in the formation of a variety of reaction products (>60 hydrocarbons). In general, the presence of TMA cations significantly reduced the population of protons to selectively produce isomerization and hydration products. Key Words—Adsorption, Aluminum, Clays, Olefins, Organoclays.
Evidence from a randomized eld experiment

The aim of this study is to analyze the e ectiveness of early entrepreneurship education. To this end, we conduct a randomized eld experiment to evaluate a leading entrepreneurship education program that is taught worldwide in the nal grade of primary school. We focus on pupils' development of relevant skill sets for entrepreneurial activity, both cognitive and non-cognitive. The results indicate that cognitive entrepreneurial skills are una ected by the program. However, the program has a robust positive e ect on non-cognitive entrepreneurial skills. This is surprising since previous evaluations found zero or negative e ects. Because these earlier studies all pertain to education for adolescents, our result tentatively suggests that non-cognitive entrepreneurial skills are best developed at an early age.
The Impact of Organizational Factors on Marketing Success “Investigating the Mediating Effect of Tacit Knowledge Exchange and Organization Sense making in Jordan Telecom Sector”

This study aimed to examine the Mediating Effect of Tacit Knowledge Exchange and Organizational Sensemaking in the Impact of Organizational Factors on Marketing Success. Based on previous studies, we developed the research model to describe how organizational factors "interfunctional communicational quality, coworker trust, socialization opportunity, interfunctional conflict, top management support", on marketing success mediating tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing forces and organizational sense-making This study followed a quantitative methodology by using a questionnaire tool; the study population was Jordanian Telecom Sector. Based on data from 93 respondents from middle and high managerial level, we found that there is a significant impact of organizational factors "interfunctional communicational quality, coworker trust, socialization opportunity, inter-functional conflict, top management support", on marketing success.
Fourier movement primitives: an approach for learning rhythmic robot skills from demonstrations

—Whether in factory or household scenarios, rhythmic movements play a crucial role in many daily-life tasks. In this paper we propose a Fourier movement primitive (FMP) representation to learn such type of skills from human demonstrations. Our approach takes inspiration from the probabilistic movement primitives (ProMP) framework, and is grounded in signal processing theory through the Fourier transform. It works with minimal preprocessing, as it does not require demonstration alignment nor ﬁnding the frequency of demonstrated signals. Ad-ditionally, it does not entail the careful choice/parameterization of basis functions, that typically occurs in most forms of movement primitive representations. Indeed, its basis functions are the Fourier series, which can approximate any periodic signal. This makes FMP an excellent choice for tasks that involve a superposition of different frequencies. Finally, FMP shows interesting extrapolation capabilities as the system has the property of smoothly returning back to the demonstrations (e.g. the limit cycle) when faced with a new situation, being safe for real-world robotic tasks. We validate FMP in several experimental cases with real-world data from polishing and 8-shape drawing tasks as well as on a 7-DoF, torque-controlled, Panda robot.
Migratory Connectivity in European Bird Populations: Feather Stable Isotope Values Correlate with Biometrics of Breeding and Wintering Bluethroats Luscinia svecica

Summary. Understanding the migratory connectivity of migrant species is fundamental to their effective conservation. Analysis of individual traits that can vary geographically, such as biometrics and stable isotopic values of tissues, can help establish migratory connections. The bluethroat Luscinia svecica is a species of conservation concern in Europe (Annex I Birds Directive). Our aim was to identify the possible migratory connectivity of bluethroats Luscinia svecica breeding in central and western Europe (subspecies L. s. namnetum, L. s. azuricollis and L. s. cyanecula in part) with their wintering areas in southern Europe and Africa using biometric and stable isotopic (&dgr;2H) analyses. Overall, the morphological and stable isotopes analyses provided two clusters of localities, one for the Atlantic French, Portuguese and Moroccan localities, corresponding to the breeding and winter quarters of L. s. namnetum, and another for the remaining localities (Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and Senegal), corresponding to the ranges of L. s. azuricollis and L. s. cyanecula. Migratory connectivity of L. s. namnetum is strong but it is much weaker for the other two subspecies. Biometric data were positively correlated to the stable isotope values, suggesting that the results derived from both methodological approaches lead to similar conclusions.
Class-agnostic Instance Segmentation with Foveated Image Sampling

Instance segmentation in computer vision is the task to detect and segment individual object instances in images. We propose the foveal segmenter, a convolutional neural network (CNN) that processes images in log-polar space, to tackle class-agnostic instance segmentation. The log-polar mapping is inspired by human vision that uses a high resolution center, the fovea, and has decreasing resolution towards the periphery. Processing images in log-polar coordinates instead of Cartesian coordinates is an intelligent downsampling strategy that has the major advantage that rotation and scaling relative to the polar origin reduce to translation, to which CNNs are inherently equivariant. Therefore, the foveal segmenter is equivariant to rotation and scale, enabling better usage of limited training data. Additionally, it retains a high resolution of the objects it is attending to, thereby improving the segmentation of small object instances. We report instance segmentation results for the common datasets COCO and Cityscapes and demonstrate that the foveal segmenter, while being a much simpler network, outperforms Mask R-CNN on segmenting small and medium sized objects in Cityscapes, when giving both networks the information, where the objects are located.
Predicting environmental noise using neural networks

Advancements in acoustic instrumentation and data acquisition enables the analysis of a substantial amount of data collected during long term noise monitoring programmes. Generally, variations of environmental noise at a particular location are random. However, recent research and analysis based on a substantial amount of data collected in urban areas showed the presence of patterns or major cycles in the time histories of noise levels. This paves a way to exploring the concept of a generic time history and predictions of future noise. Neural networks represent an attractive tool to explore and predict future noise levels based on previous measured values. This paper considers opportunities for predicting noise levels using this tool. The networks were trained on noise data acquired in a variety of urban and suburban noise environments, such as road, rail and industrial noise sources. Different modelling approaches are considered for attempts to forecast a noise level time history. Future use of this technique in environmental noise monitoring could open opportunities for expecting or preventing non-compliance.
Biogeochemical investigations of the speleothem moonmilk in the karst Proschalnaya Cave (Far East, Russia)

Results of investigations of natural waters (drip and fracture) and speleothem moonmilk from the karst Proschalnaya Cave (Russia, Far East) are reported. Concentrations of Fe and Mn in drip water were highest in spring, while the concentration of Mn was lowest in the fracture water, which may be due to the nature of infiltration of water through different channels after spring snowmelt and autumn rains. Molecular genetics investigation of the moonmilk mass revealed the presence of iron bacteria of the genera Rhodoferax and Geothrix. The visually plastic and homogeneous mass of moonmilk was shown to be highly heterogeneous, containing various microstructures. Tubular microstructures had a richer elemental composition (C, O, Ca, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, and S), in comparison with claviform formations (C, O, Ca, and Na). Binding matrix in the composition of moonmilk is represented by reticular structures similar to nanofibers. The results of this research conducted in a monsoon climate may be interesting for speleologists working with karst caves in other climatic conditions.
What makes a late anchovy larva? The development of the caudal fin seen as a milestone in fish ontogeny

In this study, we provide evidence, based on field-collected data and published articles, that the stage of caudal fin formation, initiated by notochord flexion (NF), might be a developmental milestone in the early life history of engraulids and other fishes, associated with changes in capabilities of the developing fish. An analysis of morphometric characters in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) larvae collected from the Aegean Sea indicated a significant change in multivariate allometry at NF, with a marked increase in the growth of tail width and eye diameter. Initiation of swim-bladder inflation, which is considered to trigger the onset of vertical migrations and subsequent schooling behavior, was first observed at NF. This is further supported by a length-specific analysis of spatial patchiness (Bez’s index of aggregation) based on data from three broad-scale ichthyoplankton surveys in the Aegean Sea; after the onset of NF (i.e. .7 mm preserved length), the aggregation of anchovy larvae started to increase rapidly implying that schooling might be well established in the early post-flexion stages. Published studies further support these field observations indicating that the NF in European anchovy is associated with the start of diel vertical migrations, the increase in otolith growth, a change in prey selectivity and an increased ability to evade plankton nets. The development of the caudal fin might be an important event in engraulids and other fishes but has generally been overlooked.
A Reliable Protocol for Micropropagation of Esmeralda clarkei Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

A reliable protocol for micropropagation of Esmeralda clarkei Rchb.f. , an epiphytic, ornamental vandaceous orchid was established. Mature seeds obtained from a green healthy capsule after 120 days of self pollination were inoculated in solidified full strength MS medium containing different concentrations and combinations of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for established aseptic culture. The cultures were maintained at 25±2°C under a 16/8 hour light/dark photoperiod cycle provided by white fluorescent lamps (Philips, India). Protocorms were developed within 16 weeks; protocorms were differentiated into shoots after 25 weeks of seed culture in MS medium without added plant hormones. Among the different nutrient media tried in this study, BAP (0.5-2.0 mg/l) considerably induced multiple shoot growth (with 11 to 14 shoots growing 2.37-2.87 cm in length) from single protocorm explants and multiple shoots (9-11 shoots growing 3.75-3.87 cm in length) from single shoot section explants after 120 days of culture. More than 3 roots not less than 2 cm long were developed through in vitro rooting of shoots within 90 days of culture on MS medium containing NAA (0.5-1.0 mg/l). In vitro grown plantlets were successfully acclimatized in hardening medium containing sand, soil and saw dust mixed in a 1:1:1 ratio.
Male great tit song perch selection in response to noise-dependent female feedback

Summary 1. Anthropogenic noise can affect intra-pair communication and therefore interfere with reproductive success. However, many animals have various signal strategies to cope with noise, although it is unclear whether they rely on direct auditory feedback from their own perception of noise or signal-to-noise level or on indirect social feedback from receivers. 2. We studied the role of social feedback on male great tit (Parus major) song adjustment by exclusively exposing females to artificial traffic noise inside their nest box. 3. We found a delay in female response latencies to male song in the noisy condition compared to the control condition on the first day of noise exposure. Males from the noise treatment group, not directly exposed to noise themselves, sang closer to the nest box within 3 days after the start of exposure. 4. The male's closer proximity to the nest box most likely led to the observed higher song amplitudes at the noisy nest boxes compared to quiet control nest boxes, and explains why the inside signal-to-noise ratios were restored to equal levels between treatment and control nest boxes after several days of exposure. 5. The initial difference between treatment groups in female response latencies at the start of exposure also disappeared accordingly. 6. Our results strongly suggest an active role for female birds in steering male song behaviour under noisy conditions. Males did not receive direct exposure during intra-pair communication, but adjusted their behaviour in the predicted direction. These data are important to understand the mechanisms related to communication in noise and reveal the critical role of ecology in shaping animal interactions.
Effect of salicylic acid and acylated salicylic acid on the shelf-life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit during storage

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of salicylic acid and acylated salicylic acid on the shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava L. ‘Allahabad Safeda’) during low temperature as well as ambient storage. Freshly-harvested, physiologically mature guava fruits were treated with salicylic acid 1mM (SA), acylated salicylic acid 1mM (ASA) and control for 5 minutes by dipping method, followed by storage at 8±2 C and 90 % relative humidity for 21 days. Simultaneously, fruits were also stored under ambient conditions. There was a significant difference among the treatments, dipping in 1mM SA exhibited lower per cent cumulative physiological loss in weight (CPLW %) (8.59 %) as compared to control (9.92%) fruit dipped in distilled water under ambient conditions. The results were similar for CPLW in SA treated fruits stored under low temperature. Furthermore, SA treatment maintained lower ascorbic acid content (166.63 mg/100g) and TSS (9.73 B) and higher fruit firmness (10.40 Kg/Cm) compare to ASA and control fruits on the 14 day under low temperature storage. The antioxidant content by FRAP was 108.66 μmoles/g and DPPH 89.64 % inhibition on the 14 day of cold storage. The results indicated that SA treatment was found to effectively influence to prolong its shelf-life and maintain quality of guava fruit during low temperature storage for 14 days and 7 days under ambient conditions.