Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in functional imaging of the lung

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way we perform advanced imaging. From high-resolution image reconstruction to predicting functional response from clinically acquired data, AI is promising to revolutionize clinical evaluation of lung performance, pushing the boundary in pulmonary functional imaging for patients suffering from respiratory conditions. In this review, we overview the current developments and expound on some of the encouraging new frontiers. We focus on the recent advances in machine learning and deep learning that enable reconstructing images, quantitating, and predicting functional responses of the lung. Finally, we shed light on the potential opportunities and challenges ahead in adopting AI for functional lung imaging in clinical settings.
Contribution of University Research Centers to Turkish SMEs in Industrial Design Process: A Case of Automotive Seatings

Indicating considerable impact through the organizational and economical structures and market shares of large scale firms, design management process have to be analyzed in means of the competitive methods of innovation oriented companies that are planning to place in a mature market in the short term. Through the scope of this study, the strategical approaches of a market leader firm in Turkish automotive seating and accessory production sector and its reflections to design outputs are surveyed. Besides, the positive and negative commercial consequences through the product development activity carried out in cooperation with a university research and application center (SANTUM, Gazi University, Ankara), as well as the required organizational management applications towards the commercial aims determined by the informant company; is discussed by a case study. Keyword: Industrial design, automotive industry, seating design, SMEs, SANTUM.
COVID‐19, Social Determinants of Health, and Opportunities for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease: A Conceptual Framework

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the social, economic, and health care systems in the United States and shined a spotlight on the burden of disease associated with social determinants of health (SDOH). Addressing SDOH, while a challenge, provides important opportunities to mitigate cardiovascular disease incidence, morbidity, and mortality. We present a conceptual framework to examine the differential effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on SDOH across demographically diverse populations, focusing on the short‐ and long‐term development of cardiovascular disease, as well as future research opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention. The COVID‐19 pandemic exerted negative shifts in SDOH and cardiovascular risk factors (ie, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, dietary behavior, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar). For example, evidence suggests that unemployment and food insecurity have increased, whereas health care access and income have decreased; changes to SDOH have resulted in increases in loneliness and processed food consumption, as well as decreases in physical activity and hypertension management. We found that policy measures enacted to mitigate economic, social, and health issues inadequately protected populations. Low‐income and racial and ethnic minority communities, historically underserved populations, were not only disproportionately adversely affected by the pandemic but also less likely to receive assistance, likely attributable in part to the deep structural inequities pervasive in our society. Effective and culturally appropriate interventions are needed to mitigate the negative health impacts of historical systems, policies, and programs that created and maintain structural racism, especially for immigrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and populations experiencing social disadvantage.
Study on Time-Domain Electromagnetic Response of Coal Seams During Spontaneous Combustion

In this paper, the temperature-frequency-electricity parameter relationship is firstly established, and then the reflection coefficient of the three-layer coal medium is calculated based on the generalized propagation matrix method, and then the variation of the reflected waves of the coal seam medium with the coal temperature is obtained by Fourier transform. The results show that the peak value of the reflected wave decreases first with temperature, then flattens out, and finally increases. The characteristic temperatures of different coal types in the process of spontaneous combustion are given in this paper, which provides a basis for the detection and early warning of coal spontaneous combustion.
Whole-genome resequencing infers genomic basis of giant phenotype in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

In our previous study, we resequenced and analyzed six wild-type and 37 ornamental bettas, including four giant fighting fish (Wang et al., 2021). Here, we sequenced the whole genomes of 11 additional giant bettas randomly collected from different colored strains, with ~12× coverage of sequencing reads (~5.3 Gb 2×150 bp reads for each sample). All procedures for fish handling strictly followed the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore (Approval no. TLL (F)-16-003).
A 2-D finite element mesh generator for thermal analysis of underground power cables

A fully automatic program generating two-dimensional finite-element (FE) grids has been developed to deal with underground-cable geometries. The user needs only to specify the location of the various objects in terms of circles and straight-sided polygons. A few global parameters control the whole process. A node and element renumbering facility allow near-optimal bandwidth or frontal solution in the finite-element solver. >
Geospatial Health in the Context of Privilege and Cost: Determining Characteristic Based on Travel to Leisure and Protest Locations during COVID-19 Mitigation

Objectives: Determine community characteristics, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on travel to the popular leisure destination, Lake of the Ozarks in Missouri, and racial-justice protest locations in St. Louis, Missouri during key dates in May 2020. Methods: Travel data was acquired from a U.S. marketing firm and consisted of anonymized and aggregated device GPS data. Sample inclusion was limited to residents of census-tracts within the City and County of St. Louis and St. Charles County, Missouri (n=384). Tract characteristics were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Results: Tracts with higher proportion of residents traveling to protest locations were significantly more likely to have higher proportion of: non-white residents, residents with no health insurance, and residents working in healthcare support and food service. Conclusions: Based on characteristics, residents from tracts that had higher significant travel to protests are likely to be more adversely affected by the CoVID-19 pandemic. Further, significant differences in community characteristics highlight the racial inequities identified in CoVID19 transmission Policy Implications: Findings suggest it may be advantageous for local CoVID-19 mitigation efforts to adapt or collaborate with local racial-justice protesters. Enbal Shacham1 Steve Scroggins1 Matthew Ellis1 1. Saint Louis University, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education and St. Louis University, Geospatial Institute, 3545 Lafayette Ave., St. Louis, MO 63104, U.S. JEL Codes: I14, I18
GPS-Based, Mobility Power Analysis of Military Vehicles with the WES Model

Accurately quantifying the necessary power for locomotion is of principle concern when designing military, agricultural, construction, and mining vehicles that operate in an off-road environment. As a result, there is a need to better quantify the power and duty cycle requirements for a vehicle during certain operating conditions. To meet this demand, a GPS-based mobility power and duty cycle analysis is one approach that may accurately predict the power requirements of off-road vehicles. The motion resistance force generated at the wheel/track and soil interface is quantified via the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station's (WES) tractive performance model where the motion resistance force is a function of the tire geometry, the steering angle of the steered wheels, and the soil's cone index (CI). Initial application of the mobility power concept began when the wheeled Stryker vehicles and Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV) were equipped with GPS receivers and data acquisition equipment while conducting maneuvers in an off-road environment with a known CI. The mobility power analysis was applied to the GPS tracking data to identify the mobility power and duty cycle characteristics of the vehicles. The Stryker and AAV's average mobility power requirement was 37.4 and 198.7 kW respectively. By varying the soil's cone index value, it was determined that the motion resistance power increased substantially when less than 1000 kPa .
Estimating the Residual Space between the Surfaces of Clothing and Human Body

This paper presented a method for measuring the residual space between clothing and human body based on 3D scanning devices. In data collecting procedure, the 3D scanning devices were used to collect original point cloud of apparels and human body. The Geomagic software was used to process the noise reduction and surface reconstruction. In measuring procedure, the volume was calculated by algorithm. Therefore, we can get the value of the residual space between clothing and human body.These residual space is called air gap. Thickness of the air gap is closely related to thermal insulation properties [1] and thermal wet comfort performance of clothing. Meanwhile, the stress levels of apparels on human body can be determined through observation [2], so this technology can be used in the field of fashion design. In addition, 3D virtual try-on system is one of the applications with important value [3].
A global power quality index for aperiodic waveforms

The power system is undergoing dramatic change as deregulation occurs. Since customers have more choices power quality is becoming a bigger issue and now entering electricity supply contracts. In such cases power quality indices are important in characterizing the quality of the voltage waveform. This allows power quality to be specified in contracts and verified. Moreover this allows a quantitative comparison of the power quality between various systems, as well as the effect of various proposals on the power quality of a system. This paper introduces RMS error and normalised RMS error as global power quality indices and shows how they can be applied.
Dual hollow fibre bioreactor for the growth of hybridomas

The use of hollow fibre bioreactors in mammalian cell culture has provided a means by which large populations of viable cells can be grown continuously, for extended periods, in a relatively small volume of vessel. Bioreactors in which one set of fibres are used for nutrient and metabolite exchange from the cell mass are limited by their reliance on an axial flow regime. This pressure mediated flow pattern leads to the formation of nutrient gradients within the cell mass, which occur due to the large diffusional distances present in the growth space, resulting in cell death within the bioreactor. The Edinburgh Dual Hollow Fibre Bioreactor solves this diffusional problem by using two sets of fibres to mimic the arterio-venous flow found in the body. In this instance the diffusional distances are reduced due to the close proximity of the two sets of fibres. Using this design, and a murine hybridoma (ES4) which produces an 1gM blood typing antibody, cells were grown to a maximum density of 1.2x 10' viable cells m1' of reactor growth volume, with a maximum antibody production rate of 0.16 mgh 1. This was a 10 fold improvement in the viable cell number obtained using an airlift fermenter. The successful operation of this design was found to be dependent upon the pressure profiles developed within the bioreactor, with a number of extended culture experiments having been carried out. The influence of bioreactor design, fibre selection and the methods by which these bioreactors should be operated are discussed in this work. 0
FBG laser sensing with polarization scrambling

We propose a laser sensor system which uses fiber Bragg gratings as laser cavity mirrors as well as sensors. With a spectrometer demodulation, a low-cost, more robust, and faster sensor functions have been demonstrated compared with the conventional wavelength-swept laser demodulation. Some of the multiple FBG sensors showed unstable lasing characteristics, leading to missing measurands. Polarization scrambling has been used to alleviate the problem. With fast polarization disturbances in the fiber-optic laser cavity, more FBG sensor outputs could be generated consistently and data acquisition rate has increased more than 5 times.
Employing Response Time Constraints to Mitigate CAPTCHA Relay Attacks

Existing CAPTCHA systems are majorly single challenge-response systems that makes it easy for automated scripts such as bots and zombies to answer the test. A Multiple CAPTCHA Challenge-Response Systems (M-CRs) was introduced in [10] as a means of overcoming the inadequacies of the single challenge-response system. Unfortunately, attackers now use unsuspecting humans rather than automated script to solve CAPTCHAs at a price. This scenario, reffered to as CAPTCHA relay attack, has therefore emerged as a new challenge to authentication in online transactions. In this paper, we employ response time constraints as a measure to mitigate CAPTCHA relay attacks. The mechanism utilize time between responses as a way of differentiating humans from automated scripts. A genuine user is granted access to system resources when the CAPTCHAs are solved within specified time limits. Lack of response to solving multiple CAPTCHAs are taken as emanating from automated scripts. By so doing, attacker using relay tactics end up having incomplete solution for the challenge and thus a denial of service response to protected online resources
Calibration and Data Quality Assurance Technical Advancements for Quantitative Remote Sensing in the DRAGON 4 Project

Robust calibration and validation (Cal and Val) should guarantee the accuracy of the retrieved information, make the remote sensing data consistent and traceable, and maintain the sensor performance during the operational phase. The DRAGON program has set up many remote sensing research topics on various application domains. In order to promote the effectiveness of data modeling and interpretation, it is necessary to solve various challenges in Cal and Val for quantitative RS applications. This project in the DRAGON 4 program aims to promote the cooperation of the Cal and Val experts from European and Chinese institutes in Cal and Val activities, and several achievements have been obtained in the advanced on-orbit optical sensor calibration, as well as microwave remote sensor calibration and product generation. The outcomes of the project have benefited the related remote sensing modeling and product retrieval, and promoted the radiometric calibration network (RadCalNet) as an international operational network for calibration, intercalibration, and validation. Moreover, this project provided local governments with a more accurate OMI NO2 data in China, which were used to study the air quality control during APEC period, Parade period and G20 period. This will be of ongoing be value for monitoring atmospheric environmental quality and formulating pollution control strategies.
Low-frequency current ripple reduction in front-end boost converter with single-phase inverter load

The low-frequency current ripple that always appears at the input of the single-phase DC/AC inverters decreases the lifetime of DC voltage sources, such as fuel cells and chemical batteries. In this study, based on series and parallel feedback theory, a proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed for the front-end boost converter in two-stage power converters. This controller increases the output impedance of the boost converter, which reduces the low-frequency current ripple at the input of this two-stage converter. Since the designed controller corrupts the dynamic response of the boost converter, the DC-link voltage severely over/undershoots in step load conditions. Overcoming this issue by employing a non-linear gain in the forward path is shown. By applying this proposed technique, the output voltage over/undershoot stays in an acceptable range. Therefore both the low-frequency input current ripple and the DC-link over/undershoot problems disappear simultaneously without employing any additional equipment, especially a bulky DC capacitor. The simulation and experimental results for a 2.5 kW prototype confirm the performance of the proposed idea.
Exploring Concrete Slump Model Using Artificial Neural Networks

Fly ash and slag concrete (FSC) is a highly complex material whose behavior is difficult to model. This paper describes a method of modeling slump of FSC using artificial neural networks. The slump is a function of the content of all concrete ingredients, including cement, fly ash, blast furnace slag, water, superplasticizer, and coarse and fine aggregate. The model built was examined with response trace plots to explore the slump behavior of FSC. This study led to the conclusion that response trace plots can be used to explore the complex nonlinear relationship between concrete components and concrete slump.
Evaluation of forest fire damage based on Sentinel-2 images

The evaluation of forest fire damage degree is a particularly important operational need in carrying out forest fire rehabilitation work. Comparing to traditional evaluation methods, satellite remote sensing is faster and more effective with a larger field of view, which is supposed to be used to evaluate the degree of forest fire. The paper takes the forest fire of Datong Volcano Group Geopark on April 30, 2020 as the research object. Firstly, sentinel-2 satellite images were acquired before, during and after the fire periods, and the images were band synthesized and calculate the remote sensing index, and finally the change detection method was used to analyze the extent of forest damage after the fire. The results show that the combined short-wave infrared and near-infrared bands of sentinel-2 satellite can be used to detect the origin of fire and fire line. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) shows fire area intuitively and Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) shows how severe the forest is damaged. After the fire, the slightly damaged area is the largest and the extremely severely damaged area is the smallest and the damage evaluation can provide an effective technical method for subsequent forestry vegetation restoration and forest fire prevention.
Introducing a Calculator for the Environmental and Financial Potential of Drain Water Heat Recovery in Commercial Kitchens

Food service providers like restaurants, cafes, or canteens are of economic importance worldwide, but also contribute to environmental impacts through water and energy consumption. Drain water heat recovery from commercial kitchens, using a heat exchanger, has shown large potential to decarbonise hot water use across food services, but is rarely deployed. This work translates previous findings on the technical feasibility and heat recovery potential for commercial kitchens into a publicly available calculator. It facilitates decision-making towards recovery and reuse of the freely available heat in kitchen drains by estimating both financial costs and payback time, as well as environmental burdens associated with the installation and environmental savings from avoided energy consumption. Environmental burdens and savings include, but are not limited to, carbon emissions. Further, the tool highlights key aspects of the technical implementation to understand installation requirements. The tool is freely available and could contribute to the uptake of heat recovery in the food service sector, ideally in conjunction with policy support through financial incentives or subsidies.
Research on QoS Guarantee Technology for Intercom System Based on SIP

Theatre intercom system based on SIP has solved the defects of traditional theater scheduling, but it doesn't guarantee the quality of service (QoS). This paper introduced the key technology for SIP-based theatre intercom system, including the fundamentals of VOIP and signaling technology. We analysed the main factors influencing QoS, summarized correlative techniques improving QoS for theatre intercom system, including QoS relevant protocols and QoS guarantee technology on terminals. These technologies can be synthetically used, so as to improve the reliability of theatre intercom system.
The Evolving Role of School-Based Technology Coordinators in Elementary Programs.

While much has been written about the potential of computers to enhance teaching and learning,a wide range of research studies and reports suggest that K-12 schools are not fully realizing thepotential of new information technologies. One recent report suggests that while technologyimplementation in education is improving, only 24% of schools are using computers effectively(CEO Forum, 1999). Commonly cited reasons include inadequate computer resources, lack ofteacher preparation, lack of planning time, and lack of on-site support (CEO Forum, 1999;National Center for Education Statistics, 2000; Ronnkvist, Dexter, & Anderson, 2000; U.S.Congress. 1995). Several studies (Evans-Andris, 1995; Marcovitz, 1998; Moallen & Micallef,1997; Ronnkvist, Dexter, & Anderson, 2000; Strudler, 1995-96, Strudler & Gall, 1988) havedocumented ways in which effective technology coordinators have helped schools to overcomethese impediments to computer implementation. Despite clear evidence supporting the need forsuch positions, however, most school districts have been hard pressed to allocate funds on a large-scale to support released-time technology coordinators (Ronnkvist, Dexter, & Anderson, 2000). In 1997, the Clark County School District (CCSD) in Las Vegas, NV approved a plan to providereleased-time coordinators to facilitate technology integration in all of its K-12 schools. This paperdocuments the implementation of that plan in CCSD's elementary school programs. It begins withsome background information, followed by a description of the study, the results obtained thus far,and a discussion of the findings and their implications for practice.It is hoped that this research will provide increased understanding of the long-term problemsinvolved in integrating technology in schools as well as effective strategies for overcoming theseproblems. Furthermore, its findings may help technology coordinators be more effective as agentsof change and enable their supervisors to provide better guidance and support.