Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of a new enclosure on the behaviour of a large captive group of lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus

The captive environment can significantly impact animal behaviour. Relocating a captive group to a more biologically relevant enclosure can positively impact behaviour and welfare. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a new enclosure on the behaviour of a captive group of lion-tailed macaques Macaca silenus located in Fota Wildlife Park. The macaques were moved in late January/early February 2015 to an enclosure that is larger and more complex but is in closer proximity to visitors. Baseline data were collected from February to October 2014, prior to the move. Data in the new enclosure were collected for the 2 months following the move, prior to additional changes occurring in the group. One year since the relocation, data were collected again, in February and March 2016. The results showed that in the months following the move to the new enclosure the macaques spent more time out of sight and less time engaged in self-directed behaviours. Visitor number had an impact on behaviour of the macaques, but there was no significant difference between the two enclosures in terms of visitor effect. Further monitoring will continue to determine the effect of the new enclosure on behaviour.
Recurrent Neural-Based Vehicle Demand Forecasting and Relocation Optimization for Car-Sharing System: A Real Use Case in Thailand

A car-sharing system has been playing an important role as an alternative transport mode in order to avoid traffic congestion and pollution due to a quick growth of usage of private cars. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicle relocation system with a major improvement in threefolds: (i) data preprocessing, (ii) demand forecasting, and (iii) relocation optimization. The data preprocessing is presented in order to automatically remove fake demands caused by search failures and application errors. Then, the real demand is forecasted using a deep learning approach, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit. Finally, the Minimum Cost Maximum Flow algorithm is deployed to maximize forecasted demands, while minimizing the amount of relocations. Furthermore, the system is deployed in the real use case, entitled “CU Toyota Ha:mo,” which is a car-sharing system in Chulalongkorn University. It is based on a web application along with rule-based notification via Line. The experiment was conducted based on the real vehicle usage data in 2019. By comparing in real environment in November of 2019, the results show that our model even outperforms the manual relocation by experienced staff. It achieved a 3% opportunity loss reduction and 3% less relocation trips, reducing human effort by 17 man-hours/week.
The adaptive function of sexual reproduction: resampling the pool of genotypic possibilities.

BackgroundNatural populations harbor significant levels of genetic variability. Because of this standing genetic variation, the number of possible genotypic combinations is many orders of magnitude greater than the population size. This means that any given population contains only a tiny fraction of all possible genotypic combinations.ResultsWe show that recombination allows a finite population to resample the genotype pool, i.e., the universe of all possible genotypic combinations. Recombination, in combination with natural selection, enables an evolving sexual population to replace existing genotypes with new, higher-fitness genotypic combinations that did not previously exist in the population. Gradually the selected sexual population approaches a state where the optimum genotype is produced by recombination and where it rises to fixation. In contrast to this, an asexual population is limited to selection among existing lower fitness genotypes.ConclusionsThe significance of the result is two-fold. First, it provides an explanation for the ubiquity of sexual reproduction in evolving populations. Secondly, it shows that recombination serves to remove concerns about the cost of natural selection acting on the naturally occurring standing genetic variation. This means that classic population genetics theory is applicable to ecological studies of natural selection acting on standing genetic variation.
Spatiotemporal determinants of seasonal gleaning

1. Many coastal communities depend on ecosystems for goods and services that contribute to human well-being. As long-standing interactions between people and nature are modified by global environmental change, dynamic and diversified livelihood strategies that enable seasonal adaptation will be critical for vulnerable coastal communities. However, the success of such strategies depends on a range of poorly understood influences. 2. Gleaning, the hand-based collection of marine organisms from littoral habitats, provides an interesting case study of dynamic change in social-ecological interactions. It is an important coastal livelihood strategy, yet seasonal gleaning dynamics have not been empirically explored in contemporary communities. We examined seasonal gleaning in eight coastal communities on Atauro Island, Timor-Leste, using household surveys and satellite-derived maps of shallow-water benthic habitats. Our analysis explored the factors affecting household decisions to glean in each season, the relationship between gleaning and seafood (a) How does gleaning, as part of household marine harvesting strategies, vary seasonally? (b) What is the relationship between gleaning and seasonal variability in seafood consumption? (c) What determines the decision to glean in different seasons? Our results present a fine-grained perspective of how people interact with littoral habitats through seasonal gleaning and offer insights into dynamic and con-text-specific human–nature relationships.
Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor by Hash Aggregate and Clustering in High Dimensional Euclidean Space

Approximate Nearest Neighbor search has attracted great attention in the field of information search. The method based on Locality-Sensitive Hashing has good performance with probability guarantee, which needs m hash functions for collision detection. In the hash table corresponding to each hash function, collision counts are performed respectively during querying, which will result in additional collision counts and longer response time. To avoid the shortcoming, we aggregate the m hash values as the representation of the original data object. Then the aggregate values of all data objects in the dataset are clustered. In the process of querying, it is needed to find the class of the aggregate value of the query for searching. Experiments show the effectiveness of our method.
Association of polypharmacy with postural instability and impaired balance in community-dwelling older adults in Turkey

Objective: Polypharmacy, an important geriatric syndrome, has been shown to be an independent risk factor for falling. However, the data about effects of polypharmacy on balance is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the effects of polypharmacy and inappropriate drug usage on balance in older adults. Patients and Methods: Fifty-one patients using ≥ 5 drugs and 50 patients using < 5 drugs were included in the study. Inappropriate drug usage of the patients was evaluated by Beers criteria. Postural stability and risk of falling was investigated by using Biosway Portable Balance System (BPBS). Activities and functional status of the patients were assessed by using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Results: Age, gender, hand grip strength, SPPB scores of the patients were similar between polypharmacy and control groups (all had p>0.05). ABC score was higher in polypharmacy group than control (p<0.01). Overall, anterior-posterior, medial-lateral stability index and eyes closed firm surface scores detected in BPBS were higher, indicating worse stability in the polypharmacy group than control (p<0.05). Limit of stability score was lower in the polypharmacy group than control (p=0.03). Rates of polypharmacy and inappropriate drug usage were higher in patients with a history of falling than without (p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). In multivariate analysis model, polypharmacy was found to be an independently correlated parameter for impaired balance (OR 24.31; 95%CI 3.05-193.91; p<0.01). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that polypharmacy might be a related factor for impaired balance. Struggling with polypharmacy and inappropriate drug usage should be one of the most important part of comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Behavioral and Oxidative Stress Responses of Earthworm, Nsukkadrilus mbae (Segun 1976), Exposed to Lead and Cadmium: A Preliminary Investigation

ABSTRACT We investigated the behavioural and oxidative stress responses in the earthworm, Nsukkadrilus mbae on exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. This was because the response of this species to heavy metals ecotoxicity had not been reported. Two concentrations of Pb (20 and 500 µg/g of soil) and Cd (2 and 10 µg/g of soil) and a control (uncontaminated with Pb or Cd) were used in a completely randomized static non-renewal bioassay design. We found that N. mbae more frequently preferred and burrowed into the control soil than the test soils. Avoidance was more at 500 µg/g Pb (ratio: 1:8) and 10 µg/g Cd (ratio: 1:2). The times to start and to complete burrowing, and the interval between both events were significantly extended in test soils, especially at 500 µg/g Pb and 10 µg/g Cd. Heavy metals contamination elicited increased activity of CAT, SOD and GPx, on short-term (day 2, d-2), and increased synthesis of GSH and MDA on short- and long-term (day 30, d-30) in concentration- and duration-dependent manners. The activity of CAT, SOD and GPx declined significantly on d-30. The heavy metals contamination resulted in both a significant loss in body weight, and mortality. Our preliminary results suggest that N. mbae is a suitable model organism for ecotoxicity studies, because it was able to detect and avoid Pb and Cd contaminated soils, delayed burrowing probably in search of suitable soil patches, and even escaped from heavily contaminated soil.
From Genomes to Populations: A Meta-analysis and Review of Fern Population Genetics

Premise of research. Numbering around 10,000 species, ferns are the second-largest group of vascular plants. Relatively little work, however, has focused on the population genetic processes driving fern evolution. Early work by pteridologists suggested that ferns should be highly inbred (via gametophytic selfing) and therefore should have exceptionally low genetic diversity, with most genetic variation derived from polyploidy. Methodology. We conducted a meta-analysis, starting with literature searches using Google Scholar and Web of Science, to identify studies on fern population genetics. From these papers, we recorded population genetic metrics including expected heterozygosity under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (He), percent of polymorphic loci (%P), the inbreeding coefficient (F), Wright’s fixation index (FST), the molecular marker(s) used, and the geographic origin of the samples. We compared these metrics among ferns with various mating systems and growth habits. Pivotal results. We compiled a data set of 156 fern taxa from 87 publications. We found that both mating system and growth habit have a significant impact on the genetic diversity (%P) and population structuring of fern populations (F, FST). We found that temperate regions are the most thoroughly sampled and that most studies have used allozymes, with a shift in marker usage in the 2000s and 2010s. Conclusions. Contrary to early hypotheses, natural fern populations are not restricted to gametophytic selfing and instead regularly outcross. As we anticipate rapid growth in this field in the near future, we present a review of the major findings in fern population genetics to date. We also suggest possible future directions such as expanding geographic and taxonomic sampling and highlighting methods that will capitalize on the rapidly expanding genomic resources for ferns.
Cacao Crop Management Zones Determination Based on Soil Properties and Crop Yield

The use of management zones has ensured yield success for numerous agricultural crops. In spite of this potential, studies applying precision agricultural techniques to cacao plantations are scarce or almost nonexistent. The aim of the present study was to delineate management zones for cacao crop, create maps combining soil physical properties and cacao tree yield, and identify what combinations best fit within the soil chemical properties. The study was conducted in 2014 on a cacao plantation in a Nitossolo Haplico Eutrofico (Rhodic Paleudult) in Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in a regular sampling grid with 120 sampling points in the 0.00-0.20 m soil layer, and pH(H 2 O), P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , H+Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, SB, V, TOC, effective CEC, CEC at pH 7.0, coarse sand, fine sand, clay, and silt were determined. Yield was measured in all the 120 points every month and stratified into annual, harvest, and early-harvest cacao yields. Data were subjected to geostatistical analysis, followed by ordinary kriging interpolation. The management zones were defined through a Fuzzy K-Means algorithm for combinations between soil physical properties and cacao tree yield. Concordance analysis was carried out between the delineated zones and soil chemical properties using Kappa coefficients. The zones that best classified the soil chemical properties were defined from the early-harvest cacao yield map associated with the clay or sand fractions. Silt content proved to be an inadequate variable for defining management zones for cacao production. The delineated management zones described the spatial variability of the soil chemical properties, and are therefore important for site-specific management in the cacao crop. Key words: precision agriculture; unsupervised classification; soil fertility
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LIGHT INTENSITIES ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PS II IN Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142

Summary The cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 was grown on GZ medium for 5 days, reaching an OD 680 of 1.345. Using a light intensity of 800 µmoli. m -2 . s -1 resulted in the slight increase of F 0 and led to the decrease of F m and effective quantum yield Y(II). The increase of the maximal quantum yield F v/F m and that of the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation Y(NO) wer e noticed. The chlorophyll fluorescence state was similar at light intensity o f 1500 µmoli. m -2 . s -1 . Using a light intensity of 2100 µmoli. m -2 . s -1 , F 0, F m, Y(II) and photochemical coefficient started to decrease. It was noticed that the high light intens ities determined the debut of a photo inhibition process in the PS II photosystem antenna , without affecting the reaction centers, thus the maximal PS II quantum yield incre ased. The recovery of the photochemical activity of the PS II photosystem was , on the hole, a slow process and was dependent on the light intensity to which the c ell suspensions were subjected.
Constraints on the Geometry of the Subducted Gorda Plate From Converted Phases Generated by Local Earthquakes

The largest slip in great megathrust earthquakes often occurs in the 10–30 km depth range, yet seismic imaging of the material properties in this region has proven difficult. We utilize a dense onshore‐offshore passive seismic dataset from the southernmost Cascadia subduction zone where seismicity in the mantle of the subducted Gorda Plate produces S‐to‐P and P‐to‐S conversions generated within a few km of the plate interface. These conversions typically occur in the 10–20 km depth range at either the top or bottom of a ∼5 km thick layer with a high Vp/Vs that we infer to be primarily the subducted crust. We use their arrival times and amplitudes to infer the location of the top and bottom of the subducted crust as well as the velocity contrasts across these discontinuities. Comparing with both the Slab1.0 and the updated Slab2 interface models, the Slab2 model is generally consistent with the converted phases, while the Slab1.0 model is 1–2 km deeper in the 2–20 km depth range and ∼6–8 km too deep in the 10–20 km depth range between 40.25°N and 40.4°N. Comparing the amplitudes of the converted phases to synthetics for simplified velocity structures, the amplitude of the converted phases requires models containing a ∼5 km thick zone with at least a ∼10%–20% reduction in S wave velocity. Thus, the plate boundary is likely contained within or at the top of this low velocity zone, which potentially indicates a significant porosity and fluid content within the seismogenic zone.
Word Embeddings Evaluation on Indonesian Translation of AI-Quran and Hadiths

Word vectors are an important part of machine learning. Word vectors are a numerical representation of text data. One of the methods that can be used to convert text into numerics is word embeddings. The word embeddings algorithm that researchers often use is Continuous Bag of Word, Skip-Gram, and FastText. This paper will discuss the transformation of textual data from Islamic knowledge domain documents into numerical forms using these three algorithms, then evaluate the word vector results using intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation techniques. We conduct intrinsic evaluations by determining the words to be evaluated, then checking for the existence of synonyms, antonyms, related words, and derived words from the nearest set of words based on vector values. We also tried to use vector words to solve word analogy problems. The best word vector in extrinsic evaluation is the result of the CBOW algorithm which is integrated with Binary Relevance and Multilayer Perceptron, with an accuracy value of 77.56% and a hamming loss value of 8.14%.
Selective area epitaxy of III-V nanowires: toward nanowire-on-silicon tandem solar cells

Nanowires grown via the selective area epitaxy technique (SAE-NWs) are of great research interest for use in next-generation electronic and electro-optic devices. As compared to other nanowire growth techniques commonly studied, SAE-NW is a highly controllable process due to the use of a lithographically defined growth mask, and the lack of need for a catalytic seed particle results in impurity-free material with nearly atomically flat sidewalls formed on low index crystal facets. In this thesis, the SAE-NW growth technique is examined and progress in the field is reviewed. A study of the geometric evolution of SAE-NWs during growth is presented, followed by results of efforts to work towards fabrication of a tunnel diode for use in a nanowire-on-silicon solar cell. Finally, future directions for the continued study of SAE-NWs are outlined.
New molecular phylogenetic evidence for Indian endemic species of the tribe Merremieae, Convolvulaceae

Abstract Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics in the family Convolvulaceae Juss. (particularly in formerly recognized tribe Merremieae) have brought new insights on generic delimitation. Therefore, many species were transferred across genera to accommodate the new classification. However, additional morphological and molecular analyses are still needed to address the affinities and position of some species formerly included in Merremia Dennst. ex Endl.s. l. and allied genera. In this study, we provide a phylogenetic framework for the placement of Indian species in a new generic arrangement and to address the status of doubtful distinct species. Distimake rhyncorhiza (Dalzell) A.R. Simões & Staples is proved to have its place in Distimake Raf. , while Operculina tansaensis Santapau & Patel is validated as a distinct species from O. turpethum (L.) Silva Manso. A nomenclatural clarification for the misuse of the name “Merremia gangetica (L.) Cufod”. in India is provided, with an encouragement to use the correct name Merremia emarginata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. The addition of the Indian species to the molecular phylogeny suggests the possible non-monophyly of Camonea Raf. , and a new placement for Camonea vitifolia (Burm.f.) A.R. Simões & Staples, albeit still weakly supported. We have provided morphological descriptions, distribution maps and notes on nomenclature.
Crust and Upper Mantle Structure of the South China Sea and Adjacent Areas From the Joint Inversion of Ambient Noise and Earthquake Surface Wave Dispersions

In this study, we built a high‐resolution 3D S‐wave velocity model of the South China Sea (SCS) and adjacent areas by the joint inversion of surface wave dispersions retrieved from ambient noise and earthquake data. We first measured Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersions from the waveforms recorded by 94 broadband seismic stations. Subsequently, we used a generalized least squares inversion scheme with spatially varying resolution to perform 2D tomographic inversion at different periods. Lastly, we performed 1D inversion at different grid points and obtained the 3D S‐wave velocity model in the depth range of 15–250 km. Our model reveals a prominent high velocity (high‐V) anomaly beneath the SCS basin and shows that the lithosphere beneath the SCS basin is about 70–80 km thick. We observe a prominent low velocity (low‐V) anomaly in the asthenosphere beneath the SCS basin, and we interpret this as evidence for the ongoing partial melting of the asthenosphere. An obvious high‐V anomaly is also revealed beneath the Khorat Plateau (KP) in the depth range of 80–150 km, suggesting that the KP has a cold and thick lithosphere and has suffered limited destruction in the Cenozoic era. In the northern part of Kalimantan Island (KI), a prominent low‐V anomaly is shown in the upper 60 km of the lithosphere revealing the upwelling of the asthenosphere. Our findings shed lights on the tectonic evolution of the SCS and adjacent areas.
Numerical Approach for Reconstructing an Unknown Source Function in Inverse Parabolic Problem

‎The inverse problem considered in this paper is devoted to reconstruction of the unknown source term in parabolic equation from additional information which is given by measurements at final time‎. ‎The cost functional is introduced and existence of the minimizer for this functional is established‎. ‎The numerical algorithm to solve the inverse problem is based on the Ritz-Galerkin method with shifted Legendre polynomials as basis functions‎. ‎Finally‎, ‎some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for test example‎.