Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Bridging the Gap between Modern and Legacy Automotive ECUs: A Software-Based Security Framework for Legacy ECUs

Modern automotive architectures are complex and often comprise of hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs). These ECUs provide diverse services including infotainment, telematics, diagnostics, advanced driving assistance, and many others. The availability of such services is mainly attained by the increasing connectivity with the external world, thus expanding the attack surface. In recent years, automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and ECU suppliers have become cautious of cyber attacks and have begun fortifying the most vulnerable systems, with hardware-based security modules that enable sandboxing, secure boot, secure software updates and end-to-end message authentication. Nevertheless, insecure legacy ECUs are still in-use in modern vehicles due to price and design complexity issues. Legacy ECUs depend on simple microcontrollers, that lack any kind of hardware-based security. This makes it essential to bridge the gap between modern and legacy ECUs through software-based security by which cyber attacks can be mitigated, thus enhancing the security of vehicles. This paper provides one more step towards highly secure vehicles by introducing a lightweight software- based security framework which provides legacy ECUs with software-based virtualization and protection features along with custom security services. We discuss the motivation for pure software-based approaches, explore the various requirements and advantages obtained, and give an initial insight of the design rationale. Furthermore, we provide a proof of concept implementation and evaluation with a demonstrative use case illustrating the importance of such framework in delivering new diagnostics security services to legacy ECUs.
Title Human and murine APOBEC 3 s restrict replication of koala retrovirus by different mechanisms

Background: Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is an endogenous and exogenous retrovirus of koalas that may cause lymphoma. As for many other gammaretroviruses, the KoRV genome can potentially encode an alternate form of Gag protein, glyco-gag. Results: In this study, a convenient assay for assessing KoRV infectivity in vitro was employed: the use of DERSE cells (initially developed to search for infectious xenotropic murine leukemia-like viruses). Using infection of DERSE and other human cell lines (HEK293T), no evidence for expression of glyco-gag by KoRV was found, either in expression of glyco-gag protein or changes in infectivity when the putative glyco-gag reading frame was mutated. Since glyco-gag mediates resistance of Moloney murine leukemia virus to the restriction factor APOBEC3, the sensitivity of KoRV (wt or putatively mutant for glyco-gag) to restriction by murine (mA3) or human APOBEC3s was investigated. Both mA3 and hA3G potently inhibited KoRV infectivity. Interestingly, hA3G restriction was accompanied by extensive G → A hypermutation during reverse transcription while mA3 restriction was not. Glyco-gag status did not affect the results. Conclusions: These results indicate that the mechanisms of APOBEC3 restriction of KoRV by hA3G and mA3 differ (deamination dependent vs. independent) and glyco-gag does not play a role in the restriction.
The Effects of Different Fat Sources on Carcass Yields and Meat Fatty Acid Profile of Broilers

The aim of this research was to investigated the effects of different fat sources (soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CO), acid oil (AO) and calcium-palm fatty acid (Ca-PFA)) on broiler carcass yield, small intestine length, abdominal and gizzard fat content and composition of meat fatty acid. In the experiment, 240 day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were used. The chicks were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with six replicate pens per treatment (5 female and 5 male in each cage). All experimental diets were formulated to contain the same level of metabolisable energy and crude protein. The results showed that carcass ratio of CO groups were detected highest value than the other group (P<0.001). Supplemental fat sources changed meat fatty acid content especially miristic (P<0.001), palmitic (P<0.001), oleic (P<0.001), linoleic (P<0.001) and linolenic acid (P<0.05). When the addition of the Ca-PFA in the broiler diets small intestine length was the longer than other groups (P<0.001). On the other hand, carcass parts yield and abdominal and gizzard fat did not show differences among the groups. However, the female broilers had more abdominal fat and meat oleic acid than the males (P<0.05).
Predicting Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay Among Patients With Sepsis-Induced Hypotension.

BACKGROUND Sepsis risk stratification tools typically predict mortality, although stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) of 24 hours or longer may be more clinically relevant for emergency department disposition. OBJECTIVE To explore predictors of ICU stay of 24 hours or longer among infected, hypotensive emergency department patients. METHODS A secondary analysis of 2 prospective, observational studies of adult patients with severe sepsis or an infection with a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg in 3 urban, academic emergency departments was performed. Patients with hypotension and infection were included. Patients with emergency department intubation, vasopressor administration, and/or death were excluded. The primary outcome was ICU stay of 24 hours or longer or death in less than 24 hours. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict ICU stay of 24 hours or longer. RESULTS Of 233 patients, 108 (46.4%) had ICU stays of 24 hours or longer. History of heart failure (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.5-8.3), bicarbonate level less than 20 mEq/L (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8), respiratory rate greater than 20/min (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7), and creatinine level greater than 2.0 mg/dL (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.9-6.7) were independent predictors of ICU stay of 24 hours or longer (area under curve, 0.74). The presence of 1 of these factors predicted ICU stay of 24 hours or longer (area under curve, 0.74) with 82.4% sensitivity and 49.6% specificity. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory results show that heart failure, bicarbonate level of less than 20 mEq/L, tachypnea, or creatinine level greater than 2.0 mg/dL increases the likelihood of an ICU stay of 24 hours or longer among infected, hypotensive emergency department patients.
Calf rennet production and its performance optimization

Milk clotting enzymes are one of the most significant cheese making raw materials impacting and regulating milk coagulation activity. Calf rennet is one of the enzymes which extracted from suckling calf abomasum. The rennet extracted was optimized for its clotting time t (s) by varying three levels of temperature (30, 35 and 40oC), pH (4, 5 and 6) and CaCl2 concentration (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 gm/500 ml of milk) using response surface method (RSM) and also its milk clotting activity (MCA) was determined. Based on the optimized result, temperature 39.13oC, pH 4 and CaCl2 concentration of 0.21 gm/500ml had resulted minimum clotting time of 91.27 s. Using this minimum clotting time, the strength was found to be 1: 13148, establishing the fact that the calf rennet is the best natural coagulant of milk.
Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Horn Antenna

A radiation pattern reconfigurable horn antenna (RHA) capable of steering its main beam in three directions in the semi-sphere space corresponding to θ ∈ {−25°, 0°, 25°}, is presented. The RHA consists of a driven X-band (10 GHz-11.5 GHz) horn antenna, a reconfigurable parasitic layer and a dielectric loaded truncated pyramid (DLTP). The surface of the parasitic layer has two metallic strips and a grid of 4x4 square metallic pixels, which are interconnected by PIN diode switches, thereby enable configuring the surface geometry. The simulated results indicate that from 10 GHz to 11.5 GHz realized gain of ∼ 14 dB is achieved in all modes of operation.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Property-based interest propagation in ontology-based user model Conference or Workshop Item

We present an approach for propagation of user interests in ontologybased user models taking into account the properties declared for the concepts in the ontology. Starting from initial user feedback on an object, we calculate user interest in this particular object and its properties and further propagate user interest to other objects in the ontology, similar or related to the initial object. The similarity and relatedness of objects depends on the number of properties they have in common and their corresponding values. The approach we propose can support finer recommendation modalities, considering the user interest in the objects, as well as in singular properties of objects in the recommendation process. We tested our approach for interest propagation with a real adaptive application and obtained an improvement with respect to IS-A-propagation of interest values.
Multi-MWC Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Algorithm based on Clustering

The sampling method of modulated wideband converter (MWC) can perform compressed sampling far below the Nyquist rate for sparse multiband analog signal, and can be accurately reconstructed. To solve the problems of multi-path, shadow and hidden terminals in single-node wideband spectrum sensing, a Multi-MWC cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm based on clustering is proposed. Based on SOMP reconstruction algorithm, a DMWC joint reconstruction algorithm is designed. This algorithm utilizes the correlation between the signals perceived by the nodes in the cluster to realize the joint signal detection of multi-MWC compression sampling model. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the reconstruction performance at low SNR, improves the accuracy of spectrum sensing, and reduces the hardware complexity of single node MWC compression sampling channel.
Developing Realistic Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Dataset and Taxonomy

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a menace to network security that aims at exhausting the target networks with malicious traffic. Although many statistical methods have been designed for DDoS attack detection, designing a real-time detector with low computational overhead is still one of the main concerns. On the other hand, the evaluation of new detection algorithms and techniques heavily relies on the existence of well-designed datasets. In this paper, first, we review the existing datasets comprehensively and propose a new taxonomy for DDoS attacks. Secondly, we generate a new dataset, namely CICDDoS2019, which remedies all current shortcomings. Thirdly, using the generated dataset, we propose a new detection and family classificaiton approach based on a set of network flow features. Finally, we provide the most important feature sets to detect different types of DDoS attacks with their corresponding weights.
Is THIS ‘Delight’?

1. Horizon Digital Economy Research/Human Factors Research Group University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, NG7 2TU, UK genovefa.kefalidou@nottingham.ac. uk, sarah.sharples@nottingham.ac. uk 2. DJCAD, University of Dundee DD1 4HN, UK m.j.woods@dundee.ac. uk, d. maxwell@dundee.ac. uk 3. UCL Interaction Centre University College London Malet Place Engineering Building (8th Floor), Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT s.makri@ucl.ac. uk
Leaf trait patterns of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in relation to growth form

Recent studies into the interrelationships of plant traits have generated important insights into plant form and function. However, knowledge of the relationships between leaf area, leaf shape and plant height remains poorly resolved. We explored the relationships between leaf traits by testing differences in leaf area (LA), specific leaf area, specific leaf weight, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content (leaf P), and leaf construction cost between species and growth forms. The leaf characteristics were compared among different growth forms in monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests in Southwest China for trees, shrubs, and lianas. The results showed significant differences exist for the mean of all leaf traits except for LA and leaf P, while we did find significant differences for the weighted mean of LA and leaf P among trees, shrubs, and lianas. At the species scale, six leaf traits and the first principal component (PC1) were unrelated to plant height. PC1 captured 50.92% of the variation contained in all six leaf traits at the species scale. PC1 captured 67.91% of the variation contained in all six leaf traits at the growth form scale. Relationships among leaf traits differed by growth form indicating leaf traits were affected by growth form. Key words: Coefficient of variation, leaf construction cost, leaf N content, leaf P content, specific leaf area, vertical gradient.
Adaptive techniques in e-Learning for transnational programs

In this article we present a set of methods and models to help the inclusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in transnational programs. The material that we are presenting takes advantage of several adaptive models that automatically react to students' activity. These models are extremely useful in environments where a huge number of very different students (such as those found in transnational programs) are enrolled in the courses or where the distance is a problem for face-to-face activities. We present the theoretical background, the gamification and adaptive techniques included in the model and the platform where the courses are implemented.
Binding Mechanism Analysis between AhR Protein and Typical Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether via Molecule Docking

In this paper, BDE-85 was selected as the typical polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) because of its obvious biological toxicity and the receptor binding affinity (RBA) was taken as the index of biological toxicity. By using the homology modeling, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) protein molecule was established for researching the binding mechanism between the AhR protein and BDE-85. The obtained results showed that: the RSMD value of the established AhR protein was 0.049, present reasonable molecule structure and amino acid sequence; among active residues, the hydrophobic amino form a hydrophobic region to improve the molecule docking between the AhR protein and BDE-85, resulting in significant biological toxicity of BDE-85.
Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Indoor Plants in Buildings

The effect of indoor plants on indoor environmental conditions is often underestimated or ignored while undertaking building simulation performance assessments. The literature suggests that regularly irrigated plants will evaporate and transpire, and as a result they could alter the humidity, temperature and CO2 concentration inside buildings. Indoor plants could in some cases also affect the amount of solar radiation falling on surfaces, but relevant shading claculations would require adequate geometrical definitions of the plants in relation to their position in building spaces. This paper exlicates a methodology for representing indoor plants in whole building simulation. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication Details Kokogiannakis, G. & Cooper, P. (2015). Evaluating the environmental performance of indoor plants in buildings. In V. Rai Khare & G. Chaudhary (Eds.), Proceedings of BS2015: 14th International Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association (pp. 712-719). India: IIIT Hyderabad. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/eispapers/5122 EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF INDOOR PLANTS IN BUILDINGS Georgios Kokogiannakis 1 , Paul Cooper 1 1 Sustainable Buildings Research Centre (SBRC), University of Wollongong, Australia
Heat-stable ureases from two filamentous cyanobacteria

Summary: Ureases of the cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya boryana (Plectonema boryanum) PCC 73110 and AnabaenalNostoc PCC 7120 were purified more than 1500-fold to homogeneity by heat treatment and liquid chromatography, reaching specific activities of up to 350 U (mg protein)-1. Both enzymes had a molecular mass of 220 kDa, as shown by native PAGE, and consisted of three subunits (α, β, γ) with molecular masses of 66 kDa (α), 18 kDa (Leptolyngbya; β) or 14 kDa (AnabaenalNostoc; β) and 11 kDa (γ). The enzyme of Leptolyngbya exhibited maximum activity at pH 8.2 and 60 °C, and that of nabaenalNostoc at pH 8.5 and 65 °C; the K m was 0.25 mM urea for both organisms. Almost identical specific activities were observed in cells grown with urea, ammonia, nitrate or dinitrogen as the source of nitrogen. The ureases from both organisms were heat-stable; no loss of activity was observed during incubation at 70 °C for 15 min.
HIV/AIDS behavioural challenges in Lagos state schools: an empirical study

This paper evaluates the extent of the behavioural challenges concerning HIV/AIDS among senior secondary school and tertiary institution students in Lagos, Nigeria. The study was carried out in collaboration with the Lagos State Ministry of Education. Questionnaires (n = 958 copies) were administered to selected senior secondary schools in the Lagos State administrative divisions (urban and rural) and the Lagos State University (LASU). The study aimed to record information about students’ behaviour related to HIV/AIDS as this would provide information relating to the factors responsible for its transmission. The results show that the behaviour of the respondents with regard to HIV/AIDS puts them at risk of contracting the virus. We conclude by suggesting the use of Knowledge Management (KM) techniques as an appropriate modern approach to tackling the problem and the availability of Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) materials in all Lagos State schools should be increased.
Discrimination of the Social Parasite Ectatomma parasiticum by Its Host Sibling Species (E. tuberculatum)

Among social parasites, workerless inquilines entirely depend on their host for survival and reproduction. They are usually close phylogenetic relatives of their host, which raises important questions about their evolutionary history and mechanisms of speciation at play. Here we present new findings on Ectatomma parasiticum, the only inquiline ant described in the Ectatomminae subfamily. Field data confirmed its rarity and local distribution in a facultative polygynous population of E. tuberculatum in Mexico. Genetic analyses demonstrated that the parasite is a sibling species of its host, from which it may have diverged recently. Polygyny is suggested to have favored the evolution of social parasite by sympatric speciation. Nevertheless, host workers from this population were able to discriminate parasites from their conspecifics. They treated the parasitic queens either as individuals of interest or as intruders, depending on their colonial origin, probably because of the peculiar chemical profile of the parasites and/or their reproductive status. We suggest that E. parasiticum could have conserved from its host sibling species the queen-specific substances that produce attracting and settling effect on workers, which, in return, would increase the probability to be detected. This hypothesis could explain the imperfect social integration of the parasite into host colonies.
The efficacy of antibiotic treatments in dairy cows at dry-off to prevent new intra-mammary infections during the dry-period or clinical mastitis during early lactation : A protocol for a systematic review

1 Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1. 2 Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1. 3 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 4 York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, York, YO10 5NQ, United Kingdom
Multimode Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Gait Detection Algorithm Based on Identification of Pedestrian Phone Carrying Position

Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is an essential technology for positioning and navigation in complex indoor environments. In the process of PDR positioning and navigation using mobile phones, gait information acquired by inertial sensors under various carrying positions differs from noise contained in the heading information, resulting in excessive gait detection deviation and greatly reducing the positioning accuracy of PDR. Using data from mobile phone accelerometer and gyroscope signals, this paper examined various phone carrying positions and switching positions as the research objective and analysed the time domain characteristics of the three-axis accelerometer and gyroscope signals. A principal component analysis algorithm was used to reduce the dimension of the extracted multidimensional gait feature, and the extracted features were random forest modelled to distinguish the phone carrying positions. The results show that the step detection and distance estimation accuracy in the gait detection process greatly improved after recognition of the phone carrying position, which enhanced the robustness of the PDR algorithm.
Diallel analysis and genetic diversity of some yellow maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) using RAPD and SSR markers

Information about combining ability and genetic diversity among maize inbred lines is fundamental in designing breeding strategies for improving grain yield. Twenty one F1 hybrids were generated by crossing seven yellow maize inbred lines in a half diallel mating scheme in 2013 season. The 21 F1 hybrids plus the two check hybrids (SC166 and SC173) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 season, to estimate combining ability effects and identify type of gene action governing the inheritance of grain yield and other important agronomic traits. Results showed that both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were highly significant for all the studied characters. The GCA/SCA ratio was more than unity for all the studied traits, except days to 50% silking, plant height and grain yield, indicating the preponderance of the additive gene effects in the inheritance of these traits. The inbred line P1 appeared to be the best general combiner for earliness, grain yield and its components. The crosses P1×P2, P3×P7, P4×P7, and P5×P6 had the best SCA effects for grain yield and most of its component traits. The cross P1×P2 significantly out-yielded the two check hybrids (SC166 and SC173). The genetic diversity among the seven yellow parental inbred lines was assessed using two types of molecular markers; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). Seven random primers were used in the RAPD reactions, resulting in the amplification of 82 bands with 95.12% polymorphism. While, eight pairs of SSR primers were used and resulted in 49 fragments with 100% polymorphism. Genetic similarity among all possible pairs of inbred lines varied from 0.12 to 0.69, with an average of 0.34, for RAPD markers, and from 0.01 to 0.56, with an average of 0.24, for SSR markers. The similarity matrices for RAPD and SSR data were not significantly correlated (r=0.34, p >0.05). Genetic distances based on RAPD and SSR markers were insignificantly correlated with F1 hybrids grain yield, the correlation values being (r =0.02 and 0.429 P>0.05), respectively. Therefore, the parental genetic distance could not be used to predict the grain yield of the F1 hybrids in this study.