Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction: On the Topic of Cluster Failure

Methods and procedures for acquisition, analysis and interpretation of functional MRI (fMRI) have been investigated by numerous groups; for example Hanzhang et al., 2006, Lindquist 2008, Jezzard et al., 2015, and Silva 2015. As with any complex method there is concern with the quality of practice, and Eklund et al. (2016a), after reviewing and reanalyzing a large number of fMRI data sets, indicated that there were likely problems with previously reported fMRI findings that they referred to as “Cluster failure”. The original claim was that “These results question the validity of some 40,000 fMRI studies and may have a large impact on the interpretation of neuroimaging results”. This claim was later softened removing “40,000” and changing the wording to “weakly significant neuroimaging results” (Eklund et al., 2016b). Another claim was that “It is not feasible to redo 40,000 fMRI studies, and lamentable archiving and data-sharing practices mean most could not be reanalyzed either”. This was also changed to “Due to lamentable archiving and data-sharing practices, it is unlikely that the problematic analyses can be redone”. These claims prompted several groups to respond (Brown & Behrmann 2017, Kessler et al., 2016, 2017) with additional comments and details regarding fMRI. Also, the OHBM posted a formal response at its website along with comments from several experts including Eklund (https://www. ohbmbrainmappingblog.com/blog/keep-calm-and-scan-on). To help clarify Eklund’s original report, one co-author, Tom Nichols, posted additional information about the processing done and suggested that the potential number of papers affected was more like 3500, along with additional details (http://blogs.warwick.ac. uk/nichols/entry/bibliometrics_of_cluster/). The intent of this special section of the journal is to clarify Eklund’s claims along with discussion of each claim (Friston) and to emphasize appropriate uses of fMRI especially for dealing with a consistent concern, motion correction (Satterthwaite et al).
On Strategies for Predictive Shock-Driven Turbulent Mixing Simulation

In the large eddy simulation (LES) approach large-scale energycontaining structures are resolved, smaller (presumably) more isotropic structures are filtered out, and unresolved subgrid effects are modeled. Extensive recent work has demonstrated that predictive simulations of turbulent velocity fields are possible based on subgrid scale modeling implicitly provided by high-resolution finite-volume numerical algorithms. This strategy is called implicit LES. The extension of the approach to the substantially more difficult problem of material mixing is addressed, and progress in representative (shockdriven) mixing studies is reported.
Antioxidative and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects in Triticum aestivum sprouts treated to chilling temperature

The objective of this study is to compare bioactive functions of three Triticum aestivum extracts treated at chilling temperature. Water extract showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (102 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibitory (823 μg/mL) activities. Ultimately, T. aestivum could be useful as a natural agent for bioactive management.
Spawning and early development of captive yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

In this study we describe the courtship and spawning behaviors of captive yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), their spawning periodicity, the influence of physical and biological factors on spawning and hatching, and egg and early-larval development of this species at the Achotines Laboratory, Republic of Panama, during October 1996 through March 2000. Spawning occurred almost daily over extended periods and at water temperatures from 23.3° to 29.7°C. Water temperature appeared to be the main exogenous factor controlling the occurrence and timing of spawning. Courtship and spawning behaviors were ritualized and consistent among three groups of broodstock over 3.5 years. For any date, the time of day of spawning (range: 1330 to 2130 h) was predictable from mean daily water temperature, and 95% of hatching occurred the next day between 1500 and 1900 h. We estimated that females at first spawning averaged 1.6−2.0 years of age. Over short time periods (<1 month), spawning females increased their egg production from 30% to 234% in response to shortterm increases in daily food ration of 9% to 33%. Egg diameter, notochord length (NL) at hatching, NL at first feeding, and dry weights of these stages were estimated. Water temperature was significantly, inversely related to egg size, egg-stage duration, larval size at hatching, and yolksac larval duration.
Evolutionary ecology and natural history of fungus -growing ants: Host -switching, divergence, and asexuality

Fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate as their primary food source constitute an example of an integrated, dynamic, and ancient mutualism. It has been suggested that ant diversification in this mutualism could occur through cultivar switching. This research examines whether switching to a new fungal crop could trigger speciation events in Central and South American species complexes of fungus-growing ants. I investigate whether fungal switches in these ants are consistently associated with ant speciation events and shifts in host preference. Specifically, in two different fungusgrowing ant complexes, each with evidence of a recent switch to a novel host, I utilize a combination of genetic and behavioral data to detect patterns of host-switch associated divergence. I test the hypothesis that cryptic ant species within a species complex form monophyletic groups, each specialized on a distinct fungal cultivar, as expected under cultivar-switch-associated divergence. Results reveal more complex and diffuse antcultivar relationships than previously suspected in this symbiosis. In one species complex (Cyphomyrmex longiscapus and C.muelleri), the ants remain discretely associated with their particular cultivar as demonstrated in their fungal preferences, while in the other species complex (Apterostigma auriculatum), the ants do not form monophyletic groups based on cultivar type and do not demonstrate strong cultivar preferences, invalidating cultivar-switch-induced divergence for this second complex of A.auriculatum. Instead, data indicate that A.auriculatum ants switch frequently between cultivars. Such diffuse associations have implications for coevolutionary dynamics of the fungus-growing ant system.
LATIN AMERICAN ENTERPRISES? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS WITH FIRM-LEVEL DATA

An intense process of deregulation and financial liberalization in Latin America has increased competitive pressures and led to bank restructuring and consolidation. This paper looks at firm access to credit in the region, focusing on the role of credit market structure. Using firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, we find that access to bank credit is very heterogeneous. On average, smaller and less productive firms are less likely to apply for credit and more likely to be financially constrained. We also find that a high degree of bank penetration and competition are significantly correlated with a lower probability that borrowers are financially constrained. Foreign banks penetration has a negative effect on access to credit particularly in less developed and more concentrated markets, while it has a positive influence in more competitive and financially developed markets. JEL Codes: G01, G21, N20
Analysis of Signal Propagation and Excitability in Computational Models of an Identified Drosophila Motoneuron

Cell morphology and the distribution of voltage gated ion channels play a major role in determining a neuron’s firing behavior, resulting in the specific processing of spatiotemporal synaptic input patterns. Although many studies have provided insight into the computational properties arising from neuronal structure as well as from channel kinetics, no comprehensive theory exists which explains how the interaction of these features shapes neuronal excitability. In this study computational models based on the identified Drosophila motoneuron (MN) 5 are developed to investigate the role of voltage gated ion channels, the impact of their densities and the effects of structural features. First, a spatially collapsed model is used to develop voltage gated ion channels to study the excitability of the model neuron. Changing the channel densities reproduces different in situ observed firing patterns and induces a switch from resonator to integrator properties. Second, morphologically realistic multicompartment models are studied to investigate the passive properties of MN5. The passive electrical parameters fall in a range that is commonly observed in neurons, MN5 is spatially not compact, but for the single subtrees synaptic efficacy is location independent. Further, different subtrees are electrically independent from each other. Third, a continuum approach is used to formulate a new cable theoretic model to study the output in a dendritic cable with many subtrees, both analytically and computationally. The model is validated, by comparing it to a corresponding model with discrete branches. Further, the approach is demonstrated using MN5 and used to investigate spatially distributions of voltage gated ion channels.
Implementation of innovations in enterprises using the EU funds: A comparative analysis

The European Union sees the role of innovations as measurably influencing the improvement of social and economic development in the regions of its member states. Actions that promote the implementation of innovations in the SME sector as one of the elements having a positive impact on the European Union's cohesion policy have a special role in supporting enterprises. Therefore, the EU operational programmes dedicated to small and medium-sized enterprises are a valuable source of external financing for innovations in these entities. The implementation of innovative investment projects positively influences the development of enterprises. A company resistant to implementing innovations may lose its competitive position on the market and slow down its development. The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation of innovative investments between the enterprises that received financial assistance from the European Union in relation to the enterprises that implemented innovations using other sources of financing. The study shows that enterprises covered by financial support from operational programmes have a higher level of innovative investments than other economic entities. Companies receiving EU aid are more often implementing production innovations among all four types of innovations as compared to other enterprises. In addition, it was found that in the lack of financial support from the EU, almost half of the companies would not be able to implement innovations as such. Therefore, the issue of innovations implemented in enterprises with the use of the EU financial aid should be considered as a currently relevant topic and an extremely important one from the standpoint of entrepreneurship development. This study should be considered unique, as there are no studies, to the best of the author's knowledge, containing comparative analyses in this area.
SPECT findings in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia

We examined, with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and (99mTc)‐HMPAO, 18 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and no dementia (PD), 12 patients with PD and dementia, 24 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 14 controls. While the three patient groups showed significantly lower perfusion in frontal inferior and temporal inferior areas as compared to controls, both demented groups showed significantly more severe bilateral hypoperfusion in superior frontal, superior temporal and parietal areas as compared to non‐demented PD patients and controls. On the other hand, no significant differences in cerebral perfusion were found between patients with AD and patients with PD and dementia. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated specific but similar cerebral perfusion deficits in demented patients with either AD or PD.
UBL5 is essential for pre‐mRNA splicing and sister chromatid cohesion in human cells

After publication of this study, we noted a related article, published while we were revising our manuscript, reporting an essential role of human UBL5 in cell viability and pre-mRNA splicing, consistent with our findings [1]. In order that the reader can gain a full understanding of the phenomena under study, we would like to reference the work of Ammon, Jentsch and colleagues as an addendum to our publication. Reference
Research of progress in application of complex network theory in bank system

In the modern economy, the inter-bank business relationship forms a complicated network system. It has become a hotspot that studies the problem of banking system based on the complex network theory in recent years. This paper sorts out the research progress of research literature, and reviews the research progress of this theory on the characteristics of banking network structure, the risk infection of banking system, the systematic risk assessment of banking system and the robustness of banking system. Finally, the paper points out the dinection of further exploration for the application of the complex network theory in the banking system.
A Simple Prioritization Tool to Diagnose Impairment of Stream Temperature for Coldwater Fishes in the Great Basin

AbstractWe provide a simple framework for diagnosing the impairment of stream water temperature for coldwater fishes across broad spatial extents based on a weight-of-evidence approach that integrates biological criteria, species distribution models, and geostatistical models of stream temperature. As a test case, we applied our approach to identify stream reaches most likely to be thermally impaired for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in the upper Reese River, located in the northern Great Basin, Nevada. We first evaluated the capability of stream thermal regime descriptors to explain variation across 170 sites, and we found that the 7-d moving average of daily maximum stream temperatures (7DADM) provided minimal among-descriptor redundancy and, based on an upper threshold of 20°C, was also a good indicator of acute and chronic thermal stress. Next, we quantified the range of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout within our study area using a geographic distribution model. Finally, we used a ge.
TURING MACHINE AND ITS SYMBOLIC SIMULATION ∗

We describe an implementation of the Turing machine by means of symbolic processing, functional programming and 2D graphical primitives available in the programming language MATHEMATICA . We determine the number of tapes and the number of rules corresponding to a given non-deterministic Turing machine, and prove that these numbers are bounded, regardless the halting problem. These results are used in the simulation of the non-deterministic Turing machine
Road Extraction from Satellite Imagery Based on Fully Convolutional Neural Network

: This research explore on studying road extraction from satellite images, based on deeplearning for semantic segmentation. Previousapproaches for extraction of roadsfromsatelliteimageryisusingmanualapproach, but itis time taking and tedious. The otherapproachisusingsemi-automatic techniques for road extraction from high resolutionsatelliteimagery. However, thisresearchfocuses on fullyautomatic road extraction based on deeplearning. Fullyconvolutional neural network isused to extractroadsfrom the satellite images. For training the CNN model,hugeamount of labeled and structureddata isneeded, but thereis no suchabigdataset for road extraction thatispubliclyavailable. Therefore data preprocessing technique isused in order to maximize the dataset size. The fullyconvolutional neural network used for theseresearchexperimentissmallfilter size architecture adoptedfrom the original Vgg architecture but the last threelayers of the network ischangedfromfullyconnectedlayers to convolutionallayers. After the feature extraction by the 16 layers of the model thendeconvolutionisused toupscale the extractedfeature. This researchwillintroduces new architecture whichisadoptedfromVgg architecture bychanging the last threefullyconnectedlayersintoconvolutionallayersand made it to have 16 trainableconvolutionallayers. Data augmentation isapplied as preprocessing in order to overcome the problem of smalldataset size limitation for
Measurement of Polymeric Pigments in Grape Berry Extracts and Wines Using a Protein Precipitation Assay Combined with Bisulfite Bleaching

By combining protein precipitation and traditional bisulfite bleaching to distinguish monomeric anthocyanins from polymeric pigments, two classes of polymeric pigments in grapes and wines were observed: small polymeric pigments (SPP) that do not precipitate with protein and large polymeric pigments (LPP) that do. The combined assay was used to study the polymeric pigment composition of Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah berries during ripening and to compare the composition of the fruit at harvest with the wine made from that fruit. Although fruit of Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah contained very little polymeric pigment compared to the corresponding wines, nearly all of the polymeric pigment found in fruit was SPP with very little LPP. The percentage of the color at pH 4.9 due to LPP was 7-fold higher in Syrah wines as compared to the corresponding fruit, whereas in Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot noir the difference was greater than 2-fold. This suggests that most of the LPP found in wines is formed during winemaking. By contrast, the percentage of color due to SPP in wines compared to fruit was variable, decreasing in Syrah, increasing in Cabernet Sauvignon, with little change in Pinot noir. The combined protein precipitation/bisulfite bleaching analysis used in this study allows the parallel determination of tannins and polymeric pigments in grape extracts and wines.
Urban structures as marine habitats

Large numbers of urban structures have been added to the waterways around coastal cities and many more are likely to be added in the future. Some of the most common structures seen in harbors around the world are pier pilings, pontoons, and retaining walls. These may be constructed from a variety of materials, many of which are foreign to the marine environment. Despite the proliferation of urban structures around coastal cities, there has been surprisingly little research on the effects they may have on marine biota. In this paper we present details of studies which tested whether different types of subtidal organisms grew on different urban structures and natural rocky reefs. The results indicate that many urban structures in harbors and estuaries may be considered novel habitats, quite distinct from natural rocky reefs. A great deal more research is needed to understand fully the consequences of adding new habitats to the marine environment.
Cloning and Functional Expression of cDNA Encoding Pheromone Δ9 Acyl‐CoA Desaturase of the Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

ABSTRACT A cDNA encoding pheromone Δ9 acyl‐CoA desaturase, Slit KPSE was isolated from sex pheromone gland of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura which uses a diene unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) derivative, Z9E11‐14 : 2 as a major pheromone component. The fulllength open reading frame coding region of Slit KPSE was inserted in a yeast shuttle vector, YEpOLEX, and two kinds of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant strains were transformed with the recombinant vector. In the desaturase‐deficient ole1 strain, Slit KPSE expressed a complementary enzyme producing two kinds of diene UFAs, more 9–16 : 1 and less 9–18 : 1 at a ratio of 1 : 0.74 exhibiting a typical functional characteristics as one of the pheromone Δ9 acyl‐CoA desaturase lineage group, KPSE, but no Δ9 14C monoene was detectable because of too small amount of 14C saturated fatty acid precursor to be reliably used by Slit KPSE in the transformed cells. However, the another transformed yeast strain elo1 which is deficient of elongase 1, an enzyme converting 14C to 16C hydrocarbon substrate, was supplemented with some myristic acid (14 : 0) in the medium, and produced a significant amount of 9–14 : 1 in due to a much enhanced level of the 14C substrate suggesting that Slit KPSE may be responsible for making the Δ9 double bond on the diene pheromone component.
Corrigendum

In Wicks et al. [1], the following sentence in the Results section of the Abstract was incorrect: These were added to the existing ALSFRS-R and data was received from 326 PALS as baseline with 271 PALS (83%) completing a 1-week test–retest and 218 PALS (67%) completing a 3-month retest. The sentence should have read: These were added to the existing ALSFRS-R and data were received from 326 PALS at baseline with 169 PALS (52%) completing a 1-week test–retest and 218 PALS (67%) completing a 3-month retest.
Dendritic Mechanisms

L'auteur émet la supposition d'une relation directe entre les événements électriques manifestés cornme “réponses dendritiques” et les décharges convulsives. I1 suggére aussi l'opinion que l'induction d'une activité convulsive à des endroits éoignes d'un focus primaire peuvent exprimer un phénomène de “release” du type général d'hypersensibilité d'énervation.
Digital Content Processing Method for Biometric Identification of Personality Based on Artificial Intelligence Approaches

The paper suggests a method for processing digital content for biometric identification based on artificial intelligence approaches. To get the goal the methods of forming digital content characteristics, creating a structure model of a system for processing digital content, the method of selecting the structure determination of parameter values of the mathematical model of digital content processing system are suggested. The suggested characterization of digital content automates the processing of digital content which increases the accuracy and speed of determining the values of signs. The suggested creation of a model structure of a digital content processing system provides knowledge in the form of easily accessible for human understanding rules that simplifies the process of determining the structure of the system and also allows parallel processing of information that allows increasing the learning speed. The suggested selection of structure method of determining values of model parameters of the processing system of the digital content based on the genetic algorithm uses a combination of directed and random search that decreases the probability of a hit in local extremum and provides an acceptable speed of determining values of the model parameters. The suggested method of digital content processing for biometric identification of a personality by voice can be used in various intelligent digital content processing systems.
FTDL: A Tailored FPGA-Overlay for Deep Learning with High Scalability

Fast inference is of paramount value to a wide range of deep learning applications. This work presents FTDL, a highly-scalable FPGA overlay framework for deep learning applications, to address the architecture and hardware mismatch faced by traditional efforts. The FTDL overlay is specifically optimized for the tiled structure of FPGAs, thereby achieving post-place-and-route operating frequencies exceeding 88 % of the theoretical maximum across different devices and design scales. A flexible compilation framework efficiently schedules matrix multiply and convolution operations of large neural network inference on the overlay and achieved over 80 % hardware efficiency on average. Taking advantage of both high operating frequency and hardware efficiency, FTDL achieves 402.6 and 151.2 FPS with GoogLeNet and ResNet50 on ImageNet, respectively, while operating at a power efficiency of 27.6 GOPS/W, making it up to 7.7 × higher performance and 1.9× more power-efficient than the state-of-the-art.