Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
At the flick of a switch

Many RNA viruses cause both acute and persistent infections, but little is known of the mechanisms that underlie persistence. Using the parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) as a model for paramyxoviruses, Young et al. found that the phosphorylation status of the P protein of the viral RNA polymerase complex determines whether viral transcription and replication become repressed at late times during infection. If repression occurs, a persistent infection is established, which fluxes between active and repressed states, and if not, the infected cell dies. The switch from acute to persistent infection was affected by single amino acid substitutions that prevent phosphorylation of the P protein. Viruses with a mutation at a specific phosphorylation site replicated to higher titres in mice, caused greater immune responses, but were cleared more quickly. The authors propose that during acute infection, lytic variants are selected, but later, the immune response selects for variants that promote persistence.
Effect of Biochar and Chicken Manure on Soil Properties and Growth Traits of Coriander Plant Irrigated with Saline Water in Sandy Soil

A pot trial was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the 2016/2017 season to study the effect of biochar and chicken manure on sandy soil properties and traits of coriander plant and the possibility of utilizing the seawater diluted (10%) in irrigation. Randomized complete plot design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: Without (Control), Chicken manure, (20 ton fed-1, i.e. 400 g pot-1) and biochar, (5 ton fed-1, i.e. 100 gpot-1). Results showed that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil such as, total N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, pH, EC and bulk density. Adding biochar and chicken manure gave the best values of all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil compared with control. Also, it was noticed surpassed that biochar treatment over chicken manure in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, total N, P, Na and Cl in the soil. On the other side, the chicken manure surpassed over biochar in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, K, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg. Results indicated that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant, i.e. total N, P and K (%); total Fe, Zn and Mn contents (mgkg-1); plant fresh weight (g), plant dry weight (g), plant height (cm), leaves number per plant and chlorophyll content. Adding chicken manure and biochar gave the best values of all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant compared with control. In addition, it was noticed surpassed the chicken manure over biochar in improving all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant. Therefore, it could be recommended that adding the organic amendments (chicken manure or biochar) to improve the chemical and physical properties of sandy soil and chemical and growth traits of coriander plant irrigated with saline water (diluted seawater, 10%) in sandy soil.
Paleozoic glaciation in NE Africa: field and remote sensing-based evidence from the South Eastern Desert of Egypt

ABSTRACT Exhumed Paleozoic glacial deposits and landforms of the North Gondwana are reported here for the first time from the South Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt. Using field observations and remote sensing datasets (Advanced Land Observing Satellite [ALOS], Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar [PALSAR] radar, multispectral Landsat TM datasets, and digital elevation models [DEMs]), we mapped the distribution of Paleozoic glacial features (i.e. deposits and landforms) in the SED. Two main glaciogenic facies were identified in three locations in the SED: (1) massive, poorly sorted, matrix supported, boulder-rich diamictites in Wadi El-Naam and Korbiai, and (2) moderately-sorted, occasionally bedded outwash deposits in Betan area. Inspection of radar, DEMs, and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images revealed previously unrecognized ENE-WSW trending glacial megalineations (MLs) over the peneplained Neoproterozoic basement rocks in the central sections of the SED, whose trends align along their projected extension with those of glacial features (tunnel valleys and striation trends) reported from Saudi Arabia. The glaciogenic features in the SED are believed to be largely eroded during the uplift associated with the Red Sea opening, except for those preserved as basal units beneath the Nubia Sandstone Formation or as remnant isolated deposits within paleo-depressions within the basement complex. The apparent spatial correlation of the SED glacial features with well-defined Late Ordovician deposits in North Africa and in Saudi Arabia, and the reported thermochronometric analyses and fossil records are consistent with a Late Ordovician age for the SED glaciogenic features and support models that call on the continuation of the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) ice sheet from the Sahara into Arabia through the SED of Egypt.
Impact des fluctuations glaciaires et des anciennes activités minières d'altitude sur la sédimentation lacustre proglaciaire au cours du Tardiglaciaire et de l'Holocène dans le massif des Grandes Rousses, Alpes Occidentales, France

Des datations a la base de carottages localises a partir de profils «sismique reflexion » a plus de 2500 m d'altitude dans les remplissages des lacs proglaciaires de Bramant et de Blanc Huez (Massif des Grandes Rousses) indiquent que ces deux lacs ont ete deglaces depuis la fin du Tardiglaciaire et que leurs bassins versants ont ete tres faiblement englaces durant la premiere partie de l'Holocene. Le developpement d'un neoglaciaire impliquant le retour d'une sedimentation detritique dans ces lacs proglaciaires est ensuite marque par des fluctuations rapides de l 'activite glaciaire. Durant les periodes du Bronze ancien et recent en particulier, la predominance d'une sedimentation organique dans le Lac de Bramant implique que les glaciers etaient probablement plus reduits qu'aujourd'hui dans le nord du massif. Dans l'ensemble du massif, l'extension maximale des glaciers holocenes semble avoir ete atteinte au cours du dernier millenaire durant le Petit Age Glaciaire. La synthese de fouilles archeologiques d 'altitude dans ce massif et l 'identification dans les sediments lacustres de pics de metaux permet de preciser l 'evolution de la paleo-metallurgie en altitude. Un pic de Cuivre entre 3770 et 3870 cal BP dans le Lac de Bramant peut ainsi etre lie a la decouverte de sites d 'exploitation d 'un filon de chalcopyrite entre 2200 et 2600 m d 'altitude a proximite du bassin versant. Au sud du massif, deux pics d'Argent reconnus dans les sediments recents du Lac Blanc Huez peuvent egalement etre relies au developpement d'une mine de Plomb argentifere en bordure du lac entre AD 1236 et 1330. Par contre, l 'origine d 'un pic d 'Argent plus ancien dans le Lac Blanc Huez et celle d'un pic de Plomb et de Cuivre durant l'apogee de la periode romaine entre AD 115-330 dans le lac de Bramant restent encore a expliquer.
Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: Implications for the survival of organics

The atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites (MMs) can significantly alter their pre‐existing mineralogy, texture, and organic material. The degree of heating depends predominantly on the gravity and atmospheric density of the planet on which they fall. For particles falling on Earth, the alteration can be significant, leading to the destruction of much of the pre‐entry organics; however, the weaker gravity and thinner atmosphere of Mars enhance the survival of MMs and increase the fraction of particles that preserve organic material. This paper investigates the entry heating of MMs on the Earth and Mars in order to examine the MM population on each planet and give insights into the survival of extraterrestrial organic material. The results show that particles reaching the surface of Mars experience a lower peak temperature compared to Earth and, therefore, experience less evaporative mass loss. Of the particles which reach the surface, 68.2% remain unmelted on Mars compared to only 22.8% on Earth. Due to evaporative mass loss, unmelted particles that reach the surface of Earth are restricted to sizes <70 μm whereas particles >475 μm survive unmelted on Mars. Approximately 10% of particles experience temperatures below ~800 K, that is, the sublimation temperature of refractory organics found in MMs. On Earth, this fraction is significantly lower with less than 1% expected to remain below this temperature. Lower peak temperatures coupled with the larger sizes of particles surviving without significant heating on Mars suggest a much higher fraction of organic material surviving to the Martian surface.
The effect of non-linear dynamic invariants in recurrent neural networks for prediction of electrocardiograms

The possibility of automatic and accurate prediction of heart failures from the analysis of electrocardiograms (ECG) could be a breakthrough in medicine, because cardiologists can sometimes identify diseases and foresee catastrophic events, but they are not always successful. However, ECG, as many other biological rhythms, are the result of complex, non-linear dynamical systems, believed by many researches to be chaotic from a mathematical point of view. Chaotic signals are extremely dependent on initial conditions; they look random or noisy, but they are the result of bounded, deterministic systems. Therefore, prediction of ECG is a real challenge. This research focused on the ambition of finding ways to model and predict electrocardiograms using artificial neural networks. It is known that point-by-point prediction is impossible for chaotic time series. However, we were looking for a predictability that could allow a network to model the attractor associated to ECG, rather than making it able to calculate accurately each value in the future. A prediction with such capabilities could foresee bifurcations in the dynamics and hence, predict catastrophic events. We explored the use of Lyapunov exponents (an invariant measure of the divergence of several trajectories of a dynamical system) as an aid on the training of predictors based on complex neural networks (CNN). A CNN is a recurrent network built with harmonic generators, which are 3-node recurrent neural networks previously trained to reproduce a specific sine wave. Several predictors were designed training a feed-forward network to reproduce an ECG, using past signal values as external inputs; harmonic generators trained to reproduce the harmonic components of the signal. After that, these weights were embedded in a CNN, which trained until reaching a minimum. All predictors trained using the algorithm back-propagation through time. We found that, embedding the Lyapunov exponents using the fashion described before is not enough to make the network fully capture the dynamics of the system, but it improved its short-term prediction. Besides, we found that harmonic generators control oscillations of the trajectories in long-term predictions. None of these characteristics are present in feed-forward networks or plain recurrent neural networks.
Interrogating a Surging Glacier With Seismic Interferometry

Seismic interferometry can be spectacularly sensitive to temporal changes within the Earth. Zhan (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082411) analyzed 12 years of data from seismic stations situated near Bering Glacier, Alaska, that spanned a 2008–2011 surge. Interferometrically isolated glacier‐crossing surface waves revealed an anisotropic seismic wave speed decrease during the surge. 1‐D and 3‐D modeling suggests pressurized englacial water flow being stored and guided by a network of basal crevasses, thereby sustaining high water pressure at the bed and supporting the high surge velocities. This result is demonstrative of the potential for seismic interferometry and other cryoseismological methods to continuously monitor and reveal changes within dynamic glacial‐hydrological systems.
Evaluation of groundwater quality in district Karak Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

ABSTRACT Groundwater is the major source of drinking, domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes in the arid and semi-arid areas and its quality is important factor determining its suitability. Our objectives were to evaluate the groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation, spatial distribution, and homogeneity or heterogeneity levels between the physicochemical parameters. Standards methods were used to analyze the groundwater samples. The result reveals that sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) are the most dominant cation and anions. According to hydro-chemical facies, the majority samples water types are Na-Cl, Na-HCO3 −. Wilcox diagram was used to evaluate the groundwater quality, and 60% of samples fall in (C3-S2, C4-S2, and C3-S3) water quality class. Highly significant correlation was observed between Cl− and SO2 4- with Na+ and positive correlation between the pH and CO2 3 −. The cluster analyses indicate that Cl− very close similarities with TDS. The 84% of groundwater samples are unsuitable for the potable use as per WHO guidelines. The findings of this study are playing a crucial role in groundwater management.
Arctic Ocean Sea Level Record from the Complete Radar Altimetry Era: 1991-2018

In recent years, there has been a large focus on the Arctic due to the rapid changes of the region. Arctic sea level determination is challenging due to the seasonal to permanent sea-ice cover, lack of regional coverage of satellites, satellite instruments ability to measure ice, insufficient geophysical models, residual orbit errors, challenging retracking of satellite altimeter data. We present the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Technical University of Denmark (DTU)/Technischen Universität München (TUM) sea level anomaly (SLA) record based on radar satellite altimetry data in the Arctic Ocean from the European Remote Sensing satellite number 1 (ERS-1) (1991) to CryoSat-2 (2018). We use updated geophysical corrections and a combination of altimeter data: Reprocessing of Altimeter Product for ERS (REAPER) (ERS-1), ALES+ retracker (ERS-2, Envisat), combination of Radar Altimetry Database System (RADS) and DTUs in-house retracker LARS (CryoSat-2). Furthermore, this study focuses on the transition between conventional and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) altimeter data to make a smooth time series regarding the measurement method. We find a sea level rise of 1.54 mm/year from September 1991 to September 2018 with a 95% confidence interval from 1.16 to 1.81 mm/year. ERS-1 data is troublesome and when ignoring this satellite the SLA trend becomes 2.22 mm/year with a 95% confidence interval within 1.67–2.54 mm/year. Evaluating the SLA trends in 5 year intervals show a clear steepening of the SLA trend around 2004. The sea level anomaly record is validated against tide gauges and show good results. Additionally, the time series is split and evaluated in space and time.
Different Stages of Aquatic Vegetation Succession Driven by Environmental Disturbance in the Last 38 Years

In recent years, investigating the trend of aquatic plant diversity in response to different disturbance events has received increasing interest. However, there is limited knowledge of the different stages of aquatic vegetation succession over a long period in eutrophic lakes. In this study, we analyzed aquatic plant species richness and its relation to the physical and chemical characteristics of water in Chenghai Lake for the period of 1980–2018. This study shows that the richness and distribution of aquatic vegetation in Chenghai Lake are related to chlorophyll-a concentration, dissolved nutrients, base cations, and micronutrients. The results show that the long-term succession of aquatic plants in this lake classified in different stages: (I) A peak in species richness occurred at an intermediate stage that lasted from 1980 to 1992, and this was caused by more aquatic species being able to coexist since the competition for resources was lower; (II) after 26 years of secondary succession (1992–2018), the diversity and distribution area of aquatic plants gradually declined because pioneer species or human activities may have altered habitat conditions to render habitats less beneficial to pioneer species and more suitable for new aquatic plant species. Thus, species diversity and growth performance of aquatic plants in their communities may be useful indicators of Chenghai Lake’s trophic status, especially during the transition period from a mesotrophic lake to a eutrophic one.
Biomass factors used to calculate carbon storage of Turkish forests

DOI : 10.26650/forestist.2019. 110719 Kyoto Protokolune taraf olan ulkeler her yil duzenli olarak sera gazi ulusal envanterlerini hazirlayarak Birlesmis Milletler Iklim Degisikligi Cerceve Sozlesmesi (BMIDCS) sekretaryasina sunmaktadirlar. Bu raporlar degisik sektorlerdeki (enerji, endustriyel surecler ve urun kullanimi, tarim, arazi kullanimi, arazi kullanim degisikligi ve ormancilik (LULUCF), atiklar) sera gazlari salim ve baglanma miktarlarini icermektedirler. Raporlarin hazirlanmasinda Hukumetler Arasi Iklim Degisikligi Paneli (IPCC) tarafindan hazirlanan rehberlerde belirtilen yontemler kullanilmaktadir. Bu rehberlerden ormancilikla ilgili olanlari 2003 yilinda yayinlanan arazi kullanimi, arazi kullanim degisikligi ve ormancilik (LULUCF) ile 2006 yilinda yayinlanan tarim, ormancilik ve diger arazi kullanimi (AFOLU) olarak adlandirilan rehberlerdir. Bu rehberlere gore ormanlar tarafindan baglanan karbon miktarinin hesaplanmasinda ormanlardaki agac serveti ya da artim degerlerinden cesitli katsayilar kullanilarak bitkisel kutlede stok halinde depolanan ya da yillik olarak biriktirilen karbon miktarlari hesaplanabilmektedir. Benzer sekilde yangin, uretim, kacak kesimler ile ormandan uzaklastirilan karbon miktarlari da yine katsayilar yardimi ile tahmin edilebilmektedir. Calismada AFOLU rehberine gore kullanilmasi gereken bitkisel kutle genisletme faktorlerinden (BEFs) BEF1 katsayilari ibreliler icin 1,212 ve yapraklilar icin 1,310 olarak belirlenmistir. Calismada ek olarak kullanilabilir odun hacmini toprakustu bitkisel kutleye donusturmede kullanilabilecek BEF2 katsayilari guncellenerek yapraklilar icin 1,326 ve ibreliler icin 1,262 olarak bulunmustur. Ayrica AFOLU rehberinde verilen yontemlerde kullanilan bitkisel kutle donusturme ve genisletme faktorleri (BCEFs) de hesaplanmistir. Cite this paper as : Tolunay, D. , 2019. Biomass factors used to calculate carbon storage of Turkish forests. Forestist 69(2): 145-155.
DRN HYBRID MODEL FOR PREDICTING AUTISM USING RAPID MINER TOOL

Autism is wrong connection between cells in the human brain which cause abnormalities in the brain structure or function. Every human being with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has unique symptoms and abilities. Symptoms of ASD typically appear during the first three years of human life. Autism had been classified as three different types such as serve autism, moderate autism, and mild autism. Diagnosing ASD is based on ASD historical dataset because there is no blood or other medical test. With this in mind this paper focuses on developing new hybrid DRN model is created by combining three different models like Deep Learning, Random Forest, and Naive Bayes (DRN) models. DRN hybrid model is implemented in Rapid Miner tool to find the Accuracy, Precision, recall, Classification error and Executed time. The result obtained shows DRN model is better when compared to the existing models like, Ada Boost, Bagging, Vote, Stacking and Bayesian Boosting models. Hence DRN hybrid can be used to predicting autism using the historical dataset.
Distribution of rare earth and selected trace elements in combustion products of Yerkovetskoe brown coal deposit (Amur Region, Russia)

Major, trace, rare-earth elements, and noble metal have been analyzed from the brown coal of the Amur region (Russian Federation) and coal combustion products to understand the provenance and depositional environment. It was discussed that weathering crusts of ore deposits and host rocks located in the mountain-folded frame of the Zeya–Bureya coal-bearing sedimentary basin were the main source of mineral substance and chemical elements in brown coals. The distribution of minerals and elements inside the forming coal seams was influenced by the type of vegetation incorporated into coal-forming peat mires bog by catastrophic floods along the existed hydraulic network, the physicochemical parameters of plant debris transformation during their conversion to coal, as well as the sorption properties of inclusions and interlayer of bitumen and humic acids in coal beds. An experimental technological complex was created to study the microelements transfer process in the dust–gas stream and the distribution of rare earth and trace elements separately in varieties of coal combustion products (slag, fly ash, dust-like part of the dust–gas flow, and technogenic cleaning water). The resulting combustion products of coal have been studied by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-spectrometry methods (ICP-mass spectrometry and ICP-atomic emission spectroscopy). Sample preparation technique for analysis was improved to determine the elemental composition. It was established that more than 60% of trace and rare earth elements were concentrated in ash and sludge. Data on these elements’ concentration in the wash water sediment demonstrated a sufficiently high efficiency of the dust–gas flow cleaning. The use of a wet scrubber, of course, solves the problem of collecting the dust and gas flow cleaning from harmful and toxic elements of coal smoke, which should be a part of the technological chain of a coal combustion process in industrial boilers. Rare earth elements, scandium, and yttrium are considered economically valuable components in the coal combustion products of the Yerkovetskoe brown coal deposit in the Amur Region.
Effect of Tropical Nonconvective Condensation on Uncertainty in Modeled Projections of Rainfall

We find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation response to CO2 forcing traces to tropical condensation not directly involved with parameterized convection. The fraction of tropical rainfall associated with large-scale condensation can vary from a few percent to well over half depending on model details and parameter settings. In turn, because of the coupling between condensation and tropical circulation, the different ways model assumptions affect the large-scale rainfall fraction also affect the patterns of the response within individual models. In two single-model ensembles based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), versions 3.1 and 5.3, we find strong correlations between the fraction of tropical large-scale rain and both climatological rainfall and circulation and the response to CO2 forcing. While the effects of an increasing tropical large-scale rain fraction are opposite in some ways in the two ensembles—for example, the Hadley circulation weakens with the large-scale rainfall fraction in the CAM3.1 ensemble while strengthening in the CAM5.3 ensemble—we can nonetheless understand these different effects in terms of the relationship between latent heating and circulation, and we propose explanations for each ensemble. We compare these results with data from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), for which some of the same patterns hold. Given the importance of this partitioning, there is a need for constraining this source of uncertainty using observations. However, since a “large-scale rainfall fraction” is a modeling construct, it is not clear how observations may be used to test various modeling assumptions determining this fraction.