Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective BIST Scheme for ROM's

A built-in self-test (BIST) scheme for ROMs that has very high fault coverage and very small likelihood of error escape (aliasing) is described. For test generation, the scheme uses the exhaustive test technique. For output data evaluation the scheme uses both time and space compactors. Linear space compaction is performed using a multiple-input linear feedback shift register (MISR). For time compaction, nonlinear compaction (count-based) enhanced by the output data modification (ODM) technique is used. Space compaction is further enhanced by using a bidirectional MISR. >
Investigation of Emission Polarization and Strain in InGaN–GaN Multiple Quantum Wells on Nanorod Epitaxially Lateral Overgrowth Templates

Non-polar (a-plane) InGaN-GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the GaN nanorod epitaxially lateral overgrowth templates with different nanorod height have been fabricated. The average in-plane strain in the InGaN MQWs has been determined from 2.73 × 10-2 to 2.58 × 10-2 while the nanorod height in templates increases from 0 to 1.7 μm. The polarization ratio of the emission from InGaN MQWs varies from 85 % to 53 % along with the increase of the GaN nanorod height. The reduction of polarization ratio has been attributed to the partial strain relaxation within the epitaxial structures as a result of growth on the GaN nanorod templates and the micro-size air-voids observed in the nanorod templates.
Performance of a Multiplex Qualitative PCR LCx Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Subtypes, Group O, and HIV-2

ABSTRACT Early detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood and blood products can be achieved by a sensitive nucleic acid amplification-based assay. We report on the performance of a PCR-based qualitative assay that detects both HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 with a sensitivity of 20 to 50 copies/ml. The assay has a specificity of 99.6% and an inhibition rate of 1.7%. One milliliter of sample is processed with a manifold system and Qiagen columns, and one-third of the extracted sample is used for PCR amplification. An internal control sequence, which is processed and amplified with each sample, monitors for amplification inhibition. Samples are reverse transcribed and are then amplified by reverse transcription-coupled PCR, after which HIV-1- and HIV-2-specific probes are hybridized to the amplified products. Following hybridization, samples are detected in the LCx instrument by microparticle enzyme immunoassay techniques. The detection system has an automated inactivation step that controls for PCR contamination. The HIV-1/2 qualitative RNA assay detects HIV-1 group M subtypes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G and group O. Testing of several HIV-1 seroconversion panels has demonstrated that the HIV-1/2 qualitative RNA assay detects HIV infection on the average of 6 days before p24 antigen can be detected and 11 days before antibodies can be detected.
KELT-16b: A Highly Irradiated, Ultra-short Period Hot Jupiter Nearing Tidal Disruption

We announce the discovery of KELT-16b, a highly irradiated, ultra-short period hot Jupiter transiting the relatively bright (V = 11.7) star TYC 2688-1839-1/KELT-16. A global analysis of the system shows KELT-16 to be an F7V star with K, , , , and . The planet is a relatively high-mass inflated gas giant with , , density g cm−3, surface gravity , and K. The best-fitting linear ephemeris is and day. KELT-16b joins WASP-18b, −19b, −43b, −103b, and HATS-18b as the only giant transiting planets with P < 1 day. Its ultra-short period and high irradiation make it a benchmark target for atmospheric studies by the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, and eventually the James Webb Space Telescope. For example, as a hotter, higher-mass analog of WASP-43b, KELT-16b may feature an atmospheric temperature–pressure inversion and day-to-night temperature swing extreme enough for TiO to rain out at the terminator. KELT-16b could also join WASP-43b in extending tests of the observed mass–metallicity relation of the solar system gas giants to higher masses. KELT-16b currently orbits at a mere ∼1.7 Roche radii from its host star, and could be tidally disrupted in as little as a few ×105 years (for a stellar tidal quality factor of ). Finally, the likely existence of a widely separated bound stellar companion in the KELT-16 system makes it possible that Kozai–Lidov (KL) oscillations played a role in driving KELT-16b inward to its current precarious orbit.
Bright Light Treatment of Depression for 28 Adolescents

Background: Bright light therapy, an effective therapeutic option for depressive adults, could provide safe, economic, and effective rapid recovery also in adolescents. Method: This was a randomized cross-over trial, i.e. that 14 patients received first dim white light (50 lux) one hour a day for one week and then Bright light therapy (2500 Lux) for one week. 14 patients received first Bright light therapy and then dim white light. For assessment of depressive symptoms, Beck depression inventory scales were administered 1 week before and one day before dim white light treatment, on the day between dim white light and bright white light treatment, on the day after bright white light treatment and one week after bright white light treatment. Saliva melatonin and cortisol samples were collected at 08:00 a.m. and 08:00 p.m. , 1 week before and one day before dim white light treatment, on the day between dim white light and bright white light treatment, on the day after bright white light treatment and one week after bright white light treatment and assayed for melatonin and cortisol to observe any change in circadian timing. Results: 28 volunteers, between 14 and 17 years old, completed the study. Beck depression inventory scores improved significantly. The assays of morning saliva melatonin showed significant differences between Bright white light and dim white light (p = 0.005), those of evening saliva melatonin and saliva cortisol did not show significant differences. No significant adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion: Antidepressant response to bright light treatment in this age group was statistically superior to dim white light
The Effects of Transcription Regulating Genes PDR1, pdr1-3 and PDR3 in Pleiotropic Drug Resistance

Mutations in the yeast PDR1 or PDR3 genes lead to acquisition of resistance towards various unrelated cytotoxic compounds. The broad range and different properties of these compounds indicate the existence of mechanisms which protect cellular targets, neutralise or expel the compounds from the cell. In wild type and pdr mutants, 83 proteins, out of 2706 detected by 2D gel electrophoresis, were differentially expressed. 53 of these could be identified by mass spectrometry. The functions of these 53 proteins fall into several metabolic groups demonstrating that drug-resistance phenotype is a mosaic response derived from such diverse functions as stress defence, endocytosis, oxidation and reduction, amino-acid synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. The patterns of synthesis of the selected proteins clearly demonstrates the complex interaction between Pdr1p and Pdr3p in exerting their regulatory functions. The data also indicate that, in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) phenomenon, translational events exert a more decisive effect than transcription in regulating the levels of active forms of the proteins involved.
Is surface roughness a "scapegoat" or a primary factor when defining particle-substrate interactions?

Extended DLVO interaction potentials were determined for spherical particles approaching nanopatterned substrates using the numerical surface element integration (SEI) technique. In most cases, nanopatterned ("rough") surfaces produced smaller interaction potentials than chemically identical planar ("smooth") surfaces. For unfavorable scenarios, electrostatic double layer and acid-base potentials were reduced to a greater extent than van der Waals potentials, which made rough surfaces "more attractive" than smooth ones. Two influential surface morphological descriptors emerged: (1) the ratio of particle size to asperity size, a/r, and (2) the ratio of asperity separation to asperity size, p/r. As a/r increased, particle-substrate interaction energy decreased, while the opposite was true for p/r. The simple morphological descriptors gave rise to an analytical model based on the Derjaguin integration (DI) method that compared reasonably well with numerical SEI results, where the size and density of nanopatterned surface features dictated the magnitude of interaction potentials. In fact, changes in the size of nanopatterned surface features impacted the magnitudes of interaction potentials to the same extent as similar changes in the magnitudes of acid-base free energy and zeta potential, which begs the question, "is surface morphology a 'scapegoat' or a primary consideration when defining particle-substrate interactions? "
RQL: A Recursive Query Language

Different classes of recursive queries in the relational databases are identified. It is shown that existing proposals to extend the relational query languages are either not powerful enough to express queries in many of these classes or use nonfirst normal form constructs. RQL, a recursive database query language that can be used to express recursive queries on all the classes identified, is presented. RQL is based on the relational algebra. In addition to functions that correspond to the standard and extended relational algebra operators, RQL supports functions required to express general recursive queries. The elements of RQL and the ways in which they are used to formulate complicated, but useful, recursive queries are described. The effects of the extensions embodied in RQL on the termination of recursive query evaluation are discussed. >
[Eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT) is continuously spread throughout the ocular surface from the lacrimal gland to the lacrimal drainage system].

INTRODUCTION Components of the mucosal immune system (MALT) have been identified in the conjunctiva (as CALT) and the lacrimal drainage system (as LDALT). Their structural and functional relation with the established immune protection by the lacrimal gland is unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Macroscopically normal and complete tissues of the conjunctiva, lacrimal drainage system and lacrimal gland from human body donors were investigated by analysis of translucent whole mounts, and using histology, immunohistology as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS A typical diffuse lymphoid tissue, composed of effector cells of the immune system (T-lymphocytes and IgA producing plasma cells) under an epithelium that contains the IgA transporter SC, is not isolated in the conjunctiva and lacrimal drainage system. It is anatomically continuous from the lacrimal gland along its excretory ducts into the conjunctiva and from there via the lacrimal canaliculi into the lacrimal drainage system. Lymphoid follicles occur in a majority (about 60%) and with bilateral symmetry. The topography of CALT corresponds to the position of the cornea in the closed eye. CONCLUSION These results show that the MALT of the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and lacrimal drainage system constitute an anatomical and functional unit for immune protection of the ocular surface. Therefore it should be integrated as an "eye-associated lymphoid tissue" (EALT) into the MALT system of the body. EALT can detect ocular surface antigens by the lymphoid follicles and can supply other organs and the ocular surface including the lacrimal gland with specific effector cells via the regulated recirculation of lymphoid cells.
An Externally Brooding Acorn Worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta, Torquaratoridae) from the Russian Arctic

A single specimen of a previously undescribed acorn worm in the family Torquaratoridae was trawled from a bottom depth of about 350 m in the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic). The new species is the shallowest of the exclusively deep-sea torquaratorids found to date, possibly an example of high-latitude emergence. On the basis of ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology, the worm is described here as the holotype of Coleodesmium karaensis n. gen., n. sp. It is most similar in overall body shape to the previously described enteropneust genus Allapasus, but is uniquely characterized by a tubular component of the proboscis skeleton ensheathing the collar nerve cord. Additionally, within the proboscis, the sparseness of the musculature of C. karaensis clearly distinguishes it from the much more muscular members of Allapasus. The holotype is a female bearing about a dozen embryos on the surface of her pharyngeal region, each recessed within a shallow depression in the dorsal epidermis. The embryos, ranging from late gastrula to an early stage of coelom formation, are a little more than 1 mm in diameter and surrounded by a thin membrane. Each embryo comprises an external ectoderm of monociliated cells (not arranged in obvious ciliated bands) and an internal endo-mesoderm; the blastopore is closed. In the most advanced embryos, the anterior coelom is starting to constrict off from the archenteron. Coleodesmium karaensis is the first enteropneust (and indeed the first hemichordate) found brooding embryos on the surface of the mother’s body.
Hot Carrier Injection Stress Effect on a 65 nm LNA at 70 GHz

The hot carrier injection stress effect on a 65 nm low-noise amplifier at the 70 GHz range of operation has been studied. The experimental data show that the minimum noise figure increases ( ~2 dB) and the maximum small-signal power gain decreases (~3 dB) after 10 h of HCI overstress due to transconductance degradation as evidenced by 65 nm individual transistor measurement.
Pulse Oximetry: Applications and Limitations

The pulse oximeter estimates arterial hemoglobin saturation by measuring the light absorbance of pulsating vascular tissue at two wavelengths. The relationship between measured light absorbances and saturation was developed empirically and is built into the oximeter software. Studies in human volunteers have shown good performance of the device in healthy adults for saturations in the range of 70 to 100%. Studies in the operating room and intensive care unit have established its clinical accuracy and usefulness. The pulse oximeter has already found a number of clinical applications outside of the operating room, such as monitoring during patient transport, respiratory monitoring during narcotic administration, and evaluation of home-oxygen therapy. To use this monitor to its full potential, we must be aware of its limitations as well as its advantages. Because of the nature of the HbO2 dissociation curve, saturation measurements will not be sensitive to changes in PaO2 when the PaO2 is greater than 100 torr. This also implies that the pulse oximeter may fail to detect an inadvertent endobronchial intubation in the operating room. It may take minutes to detect an esophageal intubation in a well-preoxygenated patient. When desaturation does occur, the pulse oximeter detects it quickly, accurately, and reliably. Since the pulse oximeter uses two wavelengths of light, it cannot distinguish more than two hemoglobin species. Thus, COHb and MetHb will cause errors in SpO2 if present in large amounts. Intravenously administered dyes can also cause errors because of their absorbance properties, particularly methylene blue and indocyanine green. The pulse oximeter may be unable to detect an adequate signal during abnormal hemodynamic conditions. The pulse oximeter is one of the most important advances in noninvasive monitoring because it provides a means of continuously and quickly assessing arterial blood oxygenation. It is easy to use and interpret, requires little setup time, and poses no additional risks to the patient. Pulse oximetry may soon be a standard of practice for routine monitoring in any clinical setting in which the patient is at risk of hypoxemia.
Microarrayanalysesofmeningococcal genome compositionand gene regulation : a reviewofthe recent literature

The development of microarrays for genome comparison and transcriptional profiling along with the public availability of several meningococcal genome sequences has promoted studies elucidating (i) intraspecific and interspecific genomic differences of members of the genus Neisseria, and (ii) the transcriptional response of meningococci to a variety of environmental stresses such as heat shock, iron starvation, serum treatment, and contact with eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, microarray-based finetyping of meningococci is in development. It will remain a difficult, but important, goal to identify sets of genes determining the virulence potential of hypervirulent meningococcal lineages in comparison with apathogenic ones. The recent identification of the meningococcal disease-associated island through the application of microarray analyses has been a step towards this aim. Transcriptional profiling of meningococci has brought about the compilation of large datasets, which also provide information about several regulons. Meningococcal microarray analysis has established a basis for studies clarifying the function of previously unknown genes, and has supported the identification of interesting vaccine candidates. However, harmonization of protocols and tools, as well as central databases are needed to foster the comparability of studies and the integration of knowledge.
Experimental implications of the entanglement transition in clustered quantum materials

Clustered quantum materials provide a new platform for the experimental study of many- body entanglement. Here we address a simple model featuring N interacting spins in a transverse field. The field can induce an entanglement transition (ET). We calculate the magnetisation, low-energy gap and neutron-scattering cross-section and find that the ET has distinct signatures, detectable at temperatures as high as 10% of the interaction strength. Unlike a quantum critical point, the signatures of the ET are stronger for smaller clusters.
Molecular Identification of ‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis ’ in Sheep with Hemolytic Anemia

We examined the presence of hemoplasmas, hemotropic mycoplasmas, among 11 sheep (Ovis aries) with regenerative and hemolytic anemia and found six of them were positive by real-time PCR. The positive samples were then subjected to conventional PCR for direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Nucleotide sequences of all the positive samples were identified as the 16S rRNA gene of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis’ by phylogenetic analysis, demonstrating the infections with this particular hemoplasma species
Characterisation of a dendritic cell subset in synovial tissue which strongly expresses Jak/STAT transcription factors from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: To characterise the phenotype of the putative dendritic cells strongly expressing Jak3 and STAT4, which have been previously identified in the synovial tissue of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained at arthroscopy from 30 patients with active RA (42 synovial biopsies). Immunohistological analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies to detect dendritic cell subsets, including activation markers and cytokines relevant to dendritic cell function. Co-localisation of cell surface markers and cytokines was assessed primarily using sequential sections, with results confirmed by dual immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy. Results: The dendritic cells identified in RA synovial tissue that strongly express Jak3 also strongly express STAT4 and STAT 6 and are correlated with the presence of serum rheumatoid factor. These cells are not confined to a single dendritic cell subset, with cells having phenotypes consistent with both myeloid- and plasmacytoid-type dendritic cells. The activation status of these dendritic cells suggests that they are maturing or mature dendritic cells. These dendritic cells produce IL12 as well as interferon α and γ. Conclusions: The close correlation of these dendritic cells with the presence of serum rheumatoid factor, a prognostic factor for worse disease outcome, and the strong expression by these cells of components of the Jak/STAT transcription factor pathway suggest a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RA.
Course Project on Artificial Intelligence Insult Detection in Hindi Advisor : Prof

The aim of our project is to detect comments in Hindi that may be considered as insulting to other participants of conversation. We use feature selection tools like skip grams, n-grams, negation feature and second person feature to build a vector model. We reduce the large number of featurers to an appropriate level by the Chi-Squared test. We employ supervised learning like logistic regression and SVM for training and testingthe data. We have also compared these techniques against the insults in English language. We create our own datset for insults in English by using source materials from various blogs and by translating available English insults to Hindi via Google Translate. Since the direct translation of source was not very efficient we had to manually change to get a meaningful translation. We have also presented a qualitative study on accuracy of Google Translate while translating from English to Hindi.
REGULATED SYNTHESIS OF PHYCOBILISOME COMPONENTS

The major light-harvesting antennae in certain eukaryotic algae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria are macromolecular complexes called phycobilisomes (Gantt, 1981; Glazer, 1977, 1982, 1985; Glazer et al., 1983). Although functionally analogous to the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complexes of higher plants, these water-soluble structures are attached to but not embedded in the photosynthetic membranes. The phycobilisome is composed of two structural domains: the core which is proximal to the photosynthetic membranes and the rods which radiate from the core. A typical hemidiscoidal phycobilisome structure, found in many cyanobacteria, is presented in Fig. 1. Over the past decade spectral (see Gantt, 1981; Glazer, 1982, 1985) immunological (see Gantt, 1981), biochemical (Yamanaka et al . , 1980; Redlinger and Gantt, 1981; Yamanaka and Glazer, 1981; Yamanaka et al . , 1982; Gingrich et a/., 1982; Lundelll and Glazer, 1983a,b) and X-ray crystallographic analyses (Riimbeli et al., 1985; Schirmer et al. , 1985; Schirmer et at., 1986) of this complex have resulted in a detailed picture of its architecture (for review on phycobilisome structure see Glazer et al. , 1983) and some aspects of the pathway of energy transfer (Glazer et a/. , 1985; Glazer, 1985). The phycobilisome is composed of chromophoric (85%) and nonchromophoric ( ISYO) polypeptides (Tandeau de Marsac and Cohen-Bazire, 1977). Based on their spectral characteristics the chromophoric proteins, or phycobiliproteins, have been classified into three major groups, allophycocyanin (AP), phycocyanin (PC), and phycoerythrin (PE). Phycoerythrocyanin, a fourth phycobiliprotein species, sometimes replaces PE in the light-harvesting complex. The basic phycobiliprotein building block is a monomer containing two dissimilar subunits (a and p). In the core, monomers of AP (A,,, 650 nm) aggregate into trimers which, depending upon their position in the phycobilisome are assembled with