Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of primary aluminium

Abstract: This chapter describes the industrial production of primary aluminium in Hall-Heroult electrolysis cells, where alumina (Al2O3) is dissolved in a molten fluoride-containing electrolyte consisting mainly of cryolite (Na3AlF6) at about 960 °C. The chapter then discusses health, environment and safety (HES), and workers’ health and safety are now an integrated part of the primary aluminium industry. The chapter finally discusses the past, present and future of the primary aluminium production process.
CARROT-AND-STICK PROCEDURE WITHOUT CARROTS: VICARIOUS PUNISHMENT PROMPTS AND SYSTEM TRANSPARENCY IN E-LEARNING GROUPS

A common cause for low satisfaction with group work in online courses is that teammates might be inactive and need to be prompted to take up work. Here, we specifically focus on the question of whether it is beneficial when the visualization of inactivity by the system is accompanied by negative consequences. In a field experiment in an online learning course we combined repeated questionnaires and behavioral data to examine whether vicarious punishment and transparency improve users’ behavior (e.g. participation) and subjective perception (e.g. teamwork satisfaction). In a 2(x2) between-subjects design ( N = 81, conducted over the course of 4 weeks), an abstract system signaled inactivity, whereby inactive teammates (confederates) were publicly addressed by name or not (vicarious punishment/no vicarious punishment condition). Additionally, to gain insights into how much needs to be known about the system’s functioning, in the vicarious punishment condition participants were informed about the system’s functionality in more/less detail, i.e. the system’s transparency was varied (high/low transparency condition). Participation equality predicted teamwork satisfaction. Vicarious punishment led to more constructive prompts, but less observability of others, i.e. the ability to estimate others’ contribution, which was even lower in the transparency condition. However, transparency revealed participants to be more afraid and a negative correlation with number of contributions emerged.
The impact of stroma on the discovery of molecular subtypes and prognostic gene signatures in serous ovarian cancer

Purpose Recent efforts to improve outcomes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, a leading cause of cancer death in women, have focused on identifying molecular subtypes and prognostic gene signatures, but existing subtypes have poor cross-study robustness. We tested the contribution of cell admixture in published ovarian cancer molecular subtypes and prognostic gene signatures. Experimental Design Public gene expression data, two molecular subtype classifications, and 61 published gene signatures of ovarian cancer were examined. Using microdissected data, we developed gene signatures of ovarian tumor and stroma. Computational simulations of increasing stromal cell proportion were performed by mixing gene expression profiles of paired microdissected ovarian tumor and stroma. Results Established ovarian cancer molecular subtypes are strongly associated with the cell admixture. Tumors were classified as different molecular subtypes in simulations, when the percentage of stromal cells increased. Stromal gene expression in bulk tumor was weakly prognostic, and in one dataset, increased stroma was associated with anatomic sampling location. Five published prognostic gene signatures were no longer prognostic in a multivariate model that adjusted for stromal content alone. Conclusions The discovery that molecular subtypes of high grade serous ovarian cancer is influenced by cell admixture, and stromal cell gene expression is crucial for interpretation and reproduction of ovarian cancer molecular subtypes and gene signatures derived from bulk tissue. Single cell analysis may be required to refine the molecular subtypes of high grade serous ovarian cancer. Because stroma proportion was weakly prognostic, elucidating the role of the tumor microenvironment’s components will be important. Translational relevance Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Although the tumor responds to standard therapy for the majority of patients, it frequently recurs and becomes drug-resistant. Recent efforts have focused on identifying molecular subtypes and prognostic gene signatures of ovarian cancer in order to tailor therapy and improve outcomes. This study demonstrates that molecular subtype identification depends on the ratio of tumor to stroma within the specimen. We show that the specific anatomic location of the biopsy may influence the proportion of stromal involvement and potentially the resulting gene expression pattern. It will be crucial for these factors to be taken into consideration when interpreting and reproducing ovarian cancer molecular subtypes and gene signatures derived using bulk tissue and single cells. Furthermore, it will be important to define the relative proportions of stromal cells and model their prognostic importance in the tumor microenvironment.
EIPR1 controls dense-core vesicle cargo retention and EARP complex localization in insulin-secreting cells

Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are secretory vesicles found in neurons and endocrine cells. DCVs package and release cargos including neuropeptides, biogenic amines, and peptide hormones. We recently identified the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex and the EARP-interacting protein EIPR-1 as proteins important for controlling levels of DCV cargos in C. elegans neurons. Here we determine the role of mammalian EIPR1 in insulinoma cells. We find that in Eipr1 KO cells, there is reduced insulin secretion, and mature DCV cargos such as insulin and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) accumulate near the trans-Golgi network and are not retained in mature DCVs in the cell periphery. In addition, we find that EIPR1 is required for the stability of the EARP complex subunits and for the localization of EARP and its association with membranes, but EIPR1 does not affect localization or function of the related Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex. EARP is localized to two distinct compartments related to its function: an endosomal compartment and a DCV biogenesis-related compartment. We propose that EIPR1 functions with EARP to control both endocytic recycling and DCV maturation.
Etude cinétique du reformage thermique des produits issus de la gazéification de la biomasse

Des applications avancees, telles que la production catalytique de combustibles liquides, demande un gaz de synthese de haute purete. La biomasse semble etre une matiere premiere prometteuse, mais le gaz doit etre nettoye de facon drastique pour atteindre les specifications. Le reformage a haute temperature (> 1300 K) est une alternative credible a la voie catalytique. La cinetique de reformage a haute temperature dans une atmosphere reductrice est mal connue. Si des mecanismes detailles existent deja pour la combustion d'hydrocarbures, les reactions sensibles sont differentes dans ce cas. Une etude experimentale en reacteur piston et une modelisation du vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures ont ete realisees. L'influence cinetique des gaz presents dans le gaz de synthese sur la conversion des hydrocarbures a ete etudiee. Le comportement de melanges complexes representatifs des gaz a traiter a ete etudie en fonction de la temperature. L’espece la plus difficile a reformer est le methane : une temperature superieure a 1700 K est necessaire. Un modele derive de celui de la combustion des hydrocarbures legers a ete elabore. Les tendances experimentales sont bien reproduites. Le reformage du carbone se fait principalement par reaction des radicaux OH avec les C₂ insatures, precurseurs de suie. Les conditions necessaires pour reformer le methane a haute temperature sont egalement donc favorables a la formation de suies indesirables
Pre‐Pleistocene origin of phylogeographical breaks in African rain forest trees: New insights from Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae) phylogenomics

Palaeoecological records indicate that Pleistocene glaciations affected the African rain forest, probably causing its fragmentation, which could explain phylogeographical breaks documented in many tree species. This refuge hypothesis was further tested through species distribution models, hindcasting persistence during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, previous studies failed to estimate with sufficient precision the divergence time between phylogeographical entities to confirm their Pleistocene origin. Developing genomic tools on a representative tree of mature rain forests, we test if parapatric genetic clusters documented in widespread tree species can be interpreted as the legacy of past population fragmentation during the last glacial period(s).
Genetic control of aluminum tolerance in tropical maize germplasm

: Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the most limiting factor to maize crop productivity in acid soils. Therefore, the understanding of inheritance of Al tolerance in maize is important for the development of more adequate procedures for Al tolerant genotypes selection. In this sense, the objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance, and the general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for Al tolerance in tropical maize. First, we evaluated diallel crosses of maize from landrace and hybrid germplasms for Al tolerance through the minimal solution methodology. The DIF data (root growth difference) were analyzed by Griffing diallel model. Later the additive-dominant genetic model proposed by Mather and Jinks (1971) was used to estimate the genetic effects. The results of the diallel analysis showed
Insights on the assembly rules of a continent-wide multilayer network

How are ecological systems assembled? Here, we aim to contribute to answering this question by harnessing the framework of a novel integrative hypothesis. We shed light on the assembly rules of a multilayer network formed by frugivory and nectarivory interactions between bats and plants in the Neotropics. Our results suggest that, at a large scale, phylogenetic trade-offs separate species into different layers and modules. At an intermediate scale, the modules are also shaped by geographic trade-offs. And at a small scale, the network shifts to a nested structure within its modules, probably as a consequence of resource breadth processes. Finally, once the topology of the network is shaped, morphological traits related to consuming fruits or nectar determine which species are central or peripheral. Our results help understand how different processes contribute to the assemblage of ecological systems at different scales, resulting in a compound topology.
Nitric Oxide Signalling & Oxidative Stress In Patients with Infectious Diseases

The Nitric oxide (NO.) is an intermediate between molecular oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2). N2 has low solubility and readily diffuse through membranes as easily as through cytoplasm and is a strong oxidant. Molecular oxygen propagates free radical damage and has a central role in oxidative stress and in infectious diseases. In our study nitric oxide and lipid peroxide (MDA) level is measured in 100 healthy controls and in 60 infectious diseases patients. Both nitric oxide level (P<0.001) and lipid peroxide (p<0.001) was found significantly high in infectious diseases patient group than normal healthy control. The study concludes that NO· is the effector molecule that initiates the cytotoxic effects by increasing the oxidative stress.
Pollen analogues are transported across greater distances in bee‐pollinated than in hummingbird‐pollinated species of Justicia (Acanthaceae)

Several hummingbird‐pollinated plant lineages have been demonstrated to show increased rates of diversification compared to related insect‐pollinated lineages. It has been argued that this pattern is produced by a higher degree of specialization on part of both hummingbirds and plants. We here test an alternative hypothesis: The often highly territorial hummingbirds may on average carry pollen over shorter distances than other pollinators and drive diversification by reducing gene flow distances. We present experimental data from pollen analogue tracking showing shorter dispersal distances in hummingbird‐pollinated than in bee‐pollinated species among ten Neotropical species of Justicia (Acanthaceae).
Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Review from Basic Research to Clinical Applications

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (PMSC) present several aspects that make them more attractive as cellular therapy than their counterparts from other tissues, such as MSC from bone marrow or adipose tissue in regenerative medicine. Placenta-derived MSC have been used to treat a variety of disorders, such as, cancer, liver and cardiac diseases, ulcers, bone repair, and neurological diseases. Placenta-derived MSC are relatively new types of MSC with specific immunomodulatory properties and whose mechanisms are still unknown. Placenta-derived MSC secrete some soluble factors that seem to be responsible for their therapeutic effects, i.e., they have paracrine effects. On the other hand, Placentaderived MSC can also serve as cellular vehicles and/or delivery systems for medications due to their migration capacity and their tropism for injury sites. Nanotechnology is an important field, which has undergone rapid development in recent years for the treatment of injured organs. Due to the special characteristics of placenta-derived MSC, the combination of these cells with nanotechnology will be a significant and highly promising field that will provide significant contributions in the regenerative medicine field in the near future.
Coryphopteris simulata (Thelypteridaceae), A New Combination For The Massachusetts Fern

Abstract Previous hypotheses on the evolutionary affinities of the eastern North American fern species most recently recognized as Parathelypteris simulata have included hybrid origin from North American progenitors and disjunctions with east Asian species. Recent phylogenetic evidence indicates that Parathelypteris sensu Ching is not monophyletic and that its species belong to two distinct clades, each of which includes members of other widely recognized genera: one of these clades includes the type of Parathelypteris, and the second includes southeast Asian and Pacific species of the more recently recognized genus Coryphopteris along with some temperate Asian species of Parathelypteris. Newly generated rbcL data representing the North American taxon Parathelypteris simulata places it in the Coryphopteris clade, as well. In consideration of ecological and phylogenetic evidence, the new combination Coryphopteris simulata is proposed.
Short Overview of Food Consumption Databases

Abstract Szűcs V. , Szabo E. , Banati D. (2013): Short overview of food consumption databases. Czech J. Food Sci., 31 : 541–546. The utilisation of food consumption databases is widespread and involves for example, the risk assessment, understand -ing of consumers’ food consumption trends, health education, and planning of prevention projects. Harmonisation of national consumption data for international comparison is an important and challenging work. First attempts started in the 70’s and have been continuing up to now. The present study gives an overview of the collection methods, types and utilisation of food consumption data, as well of the most important phases of the international harmonisation work. As this study shows, it is crucial to harmonise the surveys parameters like the time of the data collection, method, number of participants, and number of the analysed days for an internationally comparable consumption database. From this point of view, the efforts of the EU menu project are promising.
Bioactives in seaweeds, algae, and fungi and their role in health promotion

Seaweeds, algae, and fungi are rich sources of a myriad of bioactive compounds. In recent years, special attention has been paid to these secondary metabolites with biological activities that exist in aquatic foods and might render beneficial health effects in humans. Various antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity and antimicrobial bioactives have been isolated from seaweeds, algal and fungal species may be used as functional components in foods, food supplement, and as nutraceutical or medicine to promote human health and reduce disease risk. This review provides a cursory account of the health promoting bioactives such as sulfated polysaccharides, various polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), sterols, proteins and their hydrolysates, bioactive peptides, minerals, vitamins as well as pigments derived from various seaweeds, algal, and fungal species focusing on their potential application and health benefits. In addition, a brief description is provided for the extraction of such bioactives and techniques used to isolate and characterize them.
A Neural-Network-Based Approach to Chinese-Uyghur Organization Name Translation

The recognition and translation of organization names (ONs) is challenging due to the complex structures and high variability involved. ONs consist not only of common generic words but also names, rare words, abbreviations and business and industry jargon. ONs are a sub-class of named entity (NE) phrases, which convey key information in text. As such, the correct translation of ONs is critical for machine translation and cross-lingual information retrieval. The existing Chinese–Uyghur neural machine translation systems have performed poorly when applied to ON translation tasks. As there are no publicly available Chinese–Uyghur ON translation corpora, an ON translation corpus is developed here, which includes 191,641 ON translation pairs. A word segmentation approach involving characterization, tagged characterization, byte pair encoding (BPE) and syllabification is proposed here for ON translation tasks. A recurrent neural network (RNN) attention framework and transformer are adapted here for ON translation tasks with different sequence granularities. The experimental results indicate that the transformer model not only outperforms the RNN attention model but also benefits from the proposed word segmentation approach. In addition, a Chinese–Uyghur ON translation system is developed here to automatically generate new translation pairs. This work significantly improves Chinese–Uyghur ON translation and can be applied to improve Chinese–Uyghur machine translation and cross-lingual information retrieval. It can also easily be extended to other agglutinative languages.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid/Cytokinin Treatments on Berry Development and Maturation in the Yellow-green Skinned ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape

1The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8853, Japan 2Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino 583-0862, Japan 3Shimane Agricultural Technology Center, Izumo 693-0035, Japan 4Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan 5Academic Assembly, Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
First report of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Benin

Tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a serious pest of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) originating from South America. Due to previous outbreaks in neighbouring West African countries, surveillance was ongoing since 2014 in Benin. Tomato plants were regularly inspected and pheromone traps placed in tomato-producing localities in northern, southern and central Benin, including fields close to the border with Niger and Nigeria. In late 2017 and beginning of 2018 Gelechiidae moths were obtained from both the traps and the reared plant material. Morphological examination and molecular analysis of the gained specimens allowed to confirm the presence of the pest in the northern and central regions of Benin. We hence confirm the presence of T. absoluta in yet another West African country.
Progress of Chemical Components and Biological Actvites of Lonicera Maackii

Lonicera maackii is a shrub belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae. Its fruits, leaves and ﬂowers contain many kinds of biological compounds together with a wide spectrum of biological actvites. Some chemical components together with biological actvites have been studied and reported. This review brieﬂy describes the progress of the chemical components and biological actvites of Lonicera maackii, for providing a reference for the researchers.
Biodiversity and Biogeography of ThreePseudomonas Syringae Pathovars whichAffect Kiwi Fruit Cultivation

The kiwi fruit is a climbing plant of the genus Actinidia, family Actinidiaceae. Its cultivation is economically important in many countries being the main world producers China, Italy and New Zealand but in many European and South American countries it is currently considered an emerging crop. According to the latest data available 4.274. 870 tons of kiwi fruit were produced in 2016 (http://www.fao.org/). The main cultivated species are A. deliciosa and A. chinensis due to its high fruit production and quality. This emerging crop like many others is not exempt from diseases caused by phytopathogenic agents such as fungi and bacteria.
Assessment of subclinical mastitis diagnostic accuracy by differential cell count in individual cow milk

Abstract The progressive decrease of mean SCC in dairy herds worldwide is affecting SCC accuracy as a subclinical mastitis marker. This evidence supports studies aiming to apply differential cell count (DSCC) as a tool to identify mastitis. Two of the major obstacles to apply DSCC were the unavailability of high-throughput milk analysers and the cost of these analyses. Recently availability of high-throughput milk analysers, able to perform a partial DSCC on milk, allowed designing a study aiming to identify subclinical mastitis in individual milk samples. This paper reports the result of this first Italian study performed under field conditions. The study considered 4386 milk test records from four dairy herds with different size, management and milking management. DSCC data were analysed by ROC procedure. This procedure allows identifying the threshold giving the highest accuracy and the highest combined value for sensitivity and specificity, among all the possible thresholds. Among the different ways used to classify milk samples, the analysis applied to days in milk (three classes) showed the highest mean values for sensitivity plus specificity, and the value for accuracy was very close to the highest one observed. At the time of submission, this is the first paper available on peer-reviewed scientific journals reporting the evaluation of DSCC as a marker for subclinical mastitis on individual milk samples collected during routine milk test. The results will help the improvement of mastitis diagnosis and will help dairy farmers to increase the levels of herd management and efficiency. Highlights At the time of submission, this is the first paper available on peer-reviewed scientific journals on the evaluation of DSCC as a marker for subclinical mastitis on individual milk samples. The analysis of data showed as DSCC has not consistent performances, confirming the presence of confounding factors such as parity and days in milk. The thresholds calculated on samples classified by days in milk (three classes) showed to have the overall best test performances with an accuracy of 82.3%.