Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexical Relevance and Semantic Disposition

Current semantic theories of word meanings and/or world knowledge representation regard memory in human or artificial systems of cognition and/or understanding as a highly complex structure of interrelated concepts. The cognitive principles underlying these structures are poorly understood yet. As the problem of their mutual and complex relatedness has more and more been recognized, different methods and formats have been proposed with differing success to model these interdependencies. However, the work of psychologists, AI-researchers, and linguists active in that field still appears to be determined by their respective discipline’s general line of approach rather than by consequences drawn from these approaches’ intersecting results in their common field of interest. In linguistic semantics, cognitive psychology, and knowledge representation most of the necessary data concerning lexical, semantic and/or external world information is still provided introspectively. Researchers are exploring (or make test-persons explore) their own linguistic/cognitive capacities and memory structures to depict their findings (or let hypotheses about them be tested) in various representational formats (lists, arrays, trees, nets, active networks, etc.). It is widely accepted that model structures resulting from these analyses do have a more or less ad hoc character and tend to be confined to their limited theoretical or operational performances within a specified subject domain and/or implemented system. Thus, these approaches — by definition — can only map what of the world’s fragment under investigation is already known to the analysts, not, however, what of it might be conveyed in texts unknown to them. Being basically interpretative and in want of operational control, such knowledge representations will not only be restricted quite naturally to undisputed informational structures which consequently can be mapped in accepted and well established (concept-hierarchical, logically deductive) formats, but they will also lack the flexibility and dynamics of more constructive model structures which are needed for
An improved multi-objective gravitational search algorithm

Multi-objective search algorithm is a common optimization tool to deal with complex multi-objective problems, such as Multiple Objectives Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is a new heuristic evolutionary algorithm, which is based on the Newtonian gravity and the laws of motion to search optimal solutions. Some of agents have bigger mass, so other smaller mass agents are affected easily to fall into local optimization. In order to improve the search ability of the algorithm, this paper proposes an Improved Multi-Objective Gravitational Search Algorithm (IMOGSA). The proposed method uses the fast non-dominated sorting strategy and crowding distance of NSGA-II, and uses Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA). Using strategy of NSGA-II is to reduce the complexity of the algorithm, in addition, using SCA is to improve the convergence and distribution of IMOGSA by improving the weight of acceleration. Finally, the proposed method has been compared with other well-known heuristic search methods by using some benchmark functions.
The linkage between tourism development and quality of life: A Copula-based Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model

This paper investigates relationships between international tourist arrivals to China and local residents’ quality of life (QOL). We employed Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model based on the Gaussian Copula approach. Data on international tourist arrivals from Japan, South Korea, and Russia to China during 1994 and 2018 were employed in the model. Findings show direct impacts of inbound tourism on resident’s QOL. Moreover, result reveals an intrinsically reciprocal linkage between national economic growth and residents’ QOL across origins of tourists. Novel contributions of this paper include the robust and objective approach to estimate relationship between international tourism and QOL of local residents.
Non-contact thin-film sheet conductance measurement based on the attenuation of low frequency electric potentials

Conductivity is a fundamental property of materials; in particular the precise quantification of electrical sheet resistance is essential for the development of electronic thin-film devices. Conventionally, resistive probes are used to perform the corresponding measurements. However, non-invasive methods are more desirable as they minimize the required sample preparation, as well as geometrical influences. Existing non-contact conductivity measurements mostly rely on the transmission of electromagnetic waves through conductive thin-films. Hence, they only characterize translucent samples at high frequencies. We present an alternative technique based on the attenuation of low frequency 10 kHz electric fields. The approach is used to quantify the field-effect induced conductivity variation of a flexible indium-gallium-zinc-oxide semiconductor film. A custom-built high-impedance electrometer is used to capacitively measure the attenuation of an alternating electric field passing through the film. The obtained data is discussed and related to the absolute conductivity with the aid of two bespoke models describing the impedance mismatch between the sample and its surroundings. The sheet conductivity is modulated and measured from 660 nS □ to 116 µS □ while conventional DC current/voltage measurements serve as a reference. Both methods show a high degree of correlation to the reference measurements. Unlike techniques based on light, the low frequency signal used here resembles quasi-static characteristics, and enables the direct measurement of DC parameters.
Colloid–polymer mixtures in the presence of quenched disorder: a theoretical and computer simulation study

We use theory and computer simulation to study the structure and phase behavior of colloid–polymer mixtures in the presence of quenched disorder. The Asakura–Oosawa model (AO) (Asakura and Oosawa 1954 J. Chem. Phys. 22 1255) is used to describe the colloid–colloid, colloid–polymer, and polymer–polymer pair interactions. We then investigate the behavior of this model in the presence of frozen-in (quenched) obstacles. The obstacles will be placed according to two different scenarios, both of which are experimentally feasible. In the first scenario, polymers are distributed at positions drawn from an ideal gas configuration. In the second scenario, colloidal particles are distributed at positions drawn from an equilibrium hard sphere configuration. We investigate how the unmixing transition of the AO model is affected by the type of quenched disorder. The theoretical formalism is based on the replica method of Given and Stell (1994 Physica A 209 495). Our foremost aim is to test the accuracy of three common closures to the replica Ornstein–Zernike equations, namely the hypernetted chain, the Percus–Yevick, and the Martinov–Sarkisov equations. The accuracy is determined by comparison with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. We find that, for quenched polymer disorder, all three closures perform remarkably well. However, when quenched colloid disorder is considered, i.e. the second mentioned scenario, the predictions of all three closures worsen dramatically.
Working Paper Series Real appreciation and output Russia 1993 – 1997

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author and not those of the Economics Education and Research Consortium. Research dissemination by the EERC may include views on policy, but the EERC itself takes no institutional policy positions APPENDICES 40 I. Coefficients of the correlations of the price of crude oil exports to CIS and to non-CIS countries 40 II. Coefficients of the correlations of the domestic price of natural gas and the price at which natural gas is exported to non-CIS and CIS countries 40 III. Results of ADF tests (exports) 41 IV. Results of ADF tests (imports) 43 V. Results of ADF tests (model) 45 VI. Results of Granger causality tests (exports of crude oil) 46 VII. Results of Granger causality tests (exports of natural gas) 47 VIII. Results of Granger causality tests (imports of meat) 49 IX. Results of Granger causality tests (imports of sugar) 51 REFERENCES 54 INTRODUCTION 5 INTRODUCTION The major exchange rate depreciation at the beginning of any transition process, which is followed by years of real appreciation, is a stylised fact for post-socialist economies moving to the market economy. This stylised fact is described and interpreted by Wyplosz and Halpern (1996): "The actual real exchange rate initially depreciates and overshoots its equilibrium path so that there is at first sizable undervaluation. Over time the real exchange rate appreciates for two reasons. First, the initial un-dervaluation is gradually corrected. Second, the real equilibrium exchange rate itself appreciates as a result of the transformation process. The rate of equilibrium appreciation is higher the more complete is the market system and the faster capital is accumulated. " Wyplosz and Halpern (1996) also discuss the determinants of the long-run real exchange rate and the appropriate exchange rate policy during the process of convergence to the long-run equilibrium. In Russia, since 1992 the management of the exchange rate was extensively used for the purpose of restraining devaluation and controlling inflation. However, a sharp real (and even nominal in the first half of 1995) appreciation caused a dramatic decrease in the profitability of exports and made Russian goods less competitive relative to imported goods. Export effectiveness, calculated by the Central Bank for a representative basket of goods securing approximately 60% of Russian export value, became negative. It is not likely that exporters were trading at a loss even at that time, since domestic costs were not really paid in full …
Hygroscopic properties of organic and inorganic aerosols

The atmosphere contains gases and particulate matter (aerosol). Organic material is present both in the gas phase and in the aerosol phase. Biogenic sources such as vegetation and anthropogenic sources such as biomass burning, fossil fuel use and various industries contribute to their emissions. The study of organic compounds in aerosol particles is of importance because they affect the water uptake (hygroscopicity) of inorganic aerosol, and hence the radiation budget of the earth through the direct and indirect aerosol effects. The hygroscopicity of mixed organic/inorganic aerosol particles produced in the laboratory was characterized. This work reports on the following substances, and mixtures of them with ammonium sulfate (AS): adipic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), glutaric acid (GA) and humic acid sodium salt (NaHA). The AA and NaHA mixtures with AS were found to require up to tens of seconds for equilibrium water content to be reached. Therefore, measurements carried out on timescales shorter than a few seconds underestimate the hygroscopic growth factor (GF) with up to 10%, for samples containing a solid phase. Conversely, the GA and CA mixtures with AS were found to take up water readily and were well described by the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. The distinct deliquescence and efflorescence points of AS could be seen to gradually disappear as the CA content was increased. Furthermore mineral dust (standard Arizona test dust) was investigated, as well as the influence of nitric acid (HNO3) uptake thereon. Mineral dust is hydrophobic, but after processing with HNO3 turns slightly hygroscopic. Large amounts of dust are injected to the atmosphere (largely from the Sahara and the Gobi deserts, but also from human land-use). Mineral dust is important as ice nuclei, and due to its larger sizes it can also contribute as cloud condensation nuclei. Mineral dust also offers surface for heterogeneous chemistry, and can play an important role in the HNO3 cycle in the atmosphere through scavenging of HNO3 on the mineral dust surface. Hygroscopicity measurements in the atmosphere at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch (JFJ) were performed. At the JFJ the aerosol consists most of the time of organic and inorganic salts, mostly as an internal homogeneous mixture. However, about 5% of the time (yearly average) air trajectories passing the Sahara are encountered which carry mineral dust from there. For these occasions a fraction of particles with lower hygroscopicity was observed. No distinct phase transitions were observed in the range of relative humidity (RH) studied (10-90% RH). It was shown that the hygroscopic growth of the aerosol as a function of RH can be well described with a single-parameter empirical model, and that the GF could be estimated with the ZSR relation by using the measured aerosol composition at the JFJ.
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID , 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 QUANTIFYING PITCH PERCEPTION : MODELS AND MYSTERIES PACS : 43

Pitch is crucial for many aspects of auditory perception, including music appreciation, speech processing (of prosody and, in some languages, lexical information), and the ability to segregate competing sound sources. However, the mechanisms underlying pitch coding have remained elusive. Here we review some of the recent findings from our laboratory that help to inform and constrain computational models of pitch, from both behavioural and physiological perspectives.
Jun-ichi Shinkai Specially Appointed Researcher, Osaka School of International Public Policy (osipp)

【Keywords】 financial conditions index (FCI), financial linkages, international business cycle transmission, vector autoregressions, global financial crisis 【JEL codes】E32, E44, G17 【Abstract】This paper constructs a financial conditions index (FCI) for Japan, using vector autoregressions (VAR) and impulse responses functions, and then investigate the effect of financial shocks on business cycles of Japan. Based upon our estimation results, we found that, in addition to the trade channel, the financial linkage played a significant role in Japanese business downturn caused by the current global financial crisis, and that its effect has come mainly from fallen stock prices and exchange rate appreciation, but not from credit crunch or the financial accelerator mechanism as had been the case in the recession in the early 1990s. authors are grateful to Discussant Hyoungsik Noh and seminar participants for helpful comments. All remaining errors are ours.
ZnS Thin Films for Visible-Light Active Photoelectrodes: Effect of Film Morphology and Crystal Structure

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films under visible light has been studied as a function of the fabrication conditions. In particular, N2 background gas during film deposition was exploited to tune the film crystal structure and surface roughness. The photocurrent was highest for films with relatively large crystallite size in the wurtzite structure and high surface roughness. Films with such optimized characteristics showed a maximum photocurrent density of 1.6 mA/cm2 under visible-light irradiation. Hence, this work provides a guide for how ZnS thin films with high PEC performance, particularly under visible light, can be realized.
Monitoring aluminium before and after filtration

Fractionation analysis was used to examine treated water before and after filtration at 17 drinking water plants performing aluminium coagulation. Before the filtering units, soluble Al (s:Al) was ≤150 µg/l, except for the three plants also using lime softening. Particulate Al (p:Al) was completely acid leachable, except for two plants. Concentrations before and after filtering units indicated changes in s:Al for many plants. These changes ranged from +42 to −88 µg/l, affected the Al filtration balance and implied reactions occurring in the filter media. These reactions could also generate residual p:Al. Without s:Al change, only problems of filtration effectiveness were likely to cause residual p:Al. After the filtering units, s:Al remained >150 µg/l when using lime softening. When using only alum or polyaluminium chloride, s:Al was ≤80 µg/l. Decreases in s:Al across filtering units occurred for both coagulants and produced s:Al <40 µg/l. Factors influencing equilibria and rates of treatment processes (e.g. pH, temperature, plant design) could explain the s:Al results. Increases in s:Al or partially leachable p:Al were associated with performance deteriorations producing high residual p:Al at the end of filter runs. Residual p:Al contributed to give concentrations ≥100 µg/l at five plants. The different behaviours constituted supplementary information to optimise plant operation.
Modelling of a hybrid culture system with a stationary layer of liquid perfluorochemical applied as oxygen carrier

A mathematical model of a hybrid culture system supported with a stationary layer of liquid perfluorochemical (PFC) as a source of O 2 for cells which grow in the aqueous phase of culture medium has been developed and discussed. The two-substrate Monod kinetics without inhibition effects, i.e. the Tsao-Hanson equation, has been assumed to characterise the biomass growth. The Damköhler number which relates the growth rate to the mass transfer effects has been used to appraise the regime (i.e. diffusion-limited or kinetics) of the whole process. The proposed model predicted accurately previously published data on the submerged batch cultures of Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 heterotrophic cells performed in a culture system supported with a stationary layer of hydrophobic perfluorodecalin as a liquid O 2 carrier. Estimated values of the parameters of the model showed that the process proceeded in the kinetics regime and the growth kinetics, not the effects of the mass transfer between aqueous phase and liquid PFC, had essential influence on the growth of biomass.
Collective Phenomena in the Non-Equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma

In this work we study the non-equilibrium dynamics of a quark-gluon plasma, as created in heavy-ion collisions. We investigate how big of a role plasma instabilities can play in the isotropization and equilibration of a quark-gluon plasma. In particular, we determine, among other things, how much collisions between the particles can reduce the growth rate of unstable modes. This is done both in a model calculation using the hard-loop approximation, as well as in a real-time lattice simulation combining both classical Yang-Mills-fields as well as inter-particle collisions. The new extended version of the simulation is also used to investigate jet transport in isotropic media, leading to a cutoff-independent result for the transport coefficient q-hat. The precise determination of such transport coefficients is essential, since they can provide important information about the medium created in heavy-ion collisions. In anisotropic media, the effect of instabilities on jet transport is studied, leading to a possible explanation for the experimental observation that high-energy jets traversing the plasma perpendicular to the beam axis experience much stronger broadening in rapidity than in azimuth. The investigation of collective modes in the hard-loop limit is extended to fermionic modes, which are shown to be all stable. Finally, we study the possibility of using high energy photon production as a tool to experimentally determine the anisotropy of the created system. Knowledge of the degree of local momentum-space anisotropy reached in a heavy-ion collision is essential for the study of instabilities and their role for isotropization and thermalization, because their growth rate depends strongly on the anisotropy
A new species of the genus Potamalpheops ( Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae ) from the intertidal mangrove swamps of South Vietnam Íîâûé âèä ðîäà Potamalpheops ( Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae )

ри которой хорошо отделяется от родственных видов (P. pininsulae Bruce et Illife, 1992, P. tigger Yeo et P. K.L. Ng, 1997 и Potamalpheops johnsoni Anker, 2003) длиной и формой рострума, карпуса и проподуса переопод I и II, а также некоторыми другими морфологическими признаками. Все особи нового вида были собраны с помощью насоса из нор в аноксичной болотной грязи, ни разу не попавшись на поверхности в ручной сачок. Это вероятно, говорит о том, что он обитает исключительно в системе нор. Никаких доказательств взаимоотношений с другими видами-хозяевами на данный момент не имеется, так как особи нового вида были собраны из разных нор и никогда не попались совместно с синтопическими более крупными норными животными. Наблюдения in situ в ночное время показали, что Potamalpheops kisi sp.n. может свободно перемещаться внутри нор, расположенных выше уровня воды, подобно другим мангровым полу-наземным креветкам Merguia oligodon. Возможно, это позволяет выживать в аноксичных условиях болотных почв. Такое поведение описано для рода Potamalpheops впервые.
Robust Coding Strategies for Neural Network Weights (Theory)

The success of deep neural networks (NNs) in recent years has come with their growing size and overparameterization [1, 2]. This makes it critical to efficiently compress, store and communicate the NN weights [3]. Although NN compression has attracted great attention, and a wide variety of methods have been developed such as pruning, quantization and knowledge distillation [4, 5, 6, 7, 8], there has been significantly less interest in the efficient storage and communication of NN weights. The reason why efficient storage has not been seen as an interesting problem is that NN weights are conventionally being stored as binary arrays, which can be protected by error correction codes (ECC) developed over the past 50 years [9]. However, recent studies have demonstrated the promise of end-toend analog memory systems for storing NN weights, as they have the potential to reach higher storage capacities than binary systems with a considerably lower coding complexity [10, 11, 12]. Although analog storage devices have these advantages over binary devices, their noisy characteristics makes it necessary to apply analog error correction codes before storage. Similarly, efficient communication has not attracted enough attention, because NN weights are usually digitally communicated using conventional error correction codes [9] in various applications such as federated learning. The error correction schemes that protects NN weights against the noise in analog storage systems, can also provide reliable communication of NN weights through wireless channels. Thus by developing robust coding strategies against noise added to the NN weights, we can provide 1) analog storage of NN weights in full-precision, 2) reliable wireless communication of NN weights.
Journal of Informetrics

This study utilizes global digitalized books and articles to examine the scientiﬁc fame of the most inﬂuential physicists. Our research reveals that the greatest minds are gone but not forgotten. Their scientiﬁc impacts on human history have persisted for centuries. We also ﬁnd evidence in support of own-group fame preference, i.e., that the scientists have greater reputations in their home countries or among scholars sharing the same languages. We argue that, when applied appropriately, Google Books and Ngram Viewer can serve as promising tools for altmetrics, providing a more comprehensive picture of the impacts scholars and their achievements have made beyond academia.