Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brief Communication: Effect of maternal diet in late gestation on development of dairy calves

To investigate whether feeding strategies to reduce urinary N excretion would have negative effects on calf development, two feeding systems were compared. A total of 190 pregnant, Friesian × Jersey dairy cows were randomly allocated to one of two groups and offered either a low crude protein diet of maize silage and fodder beet (LCP) or a moderate CP diet of lucerne silage and fodder beet (MCP) for eight weeks prior to calving. Apparent metabolisable energy (ME) intake of dams was similar (110 MJME/cow/day) but CP concentration was greater for MCP than LCP (13.4 vs 7.5% of the DM). There was no effect of maternal diet on calf birth weight (33.0±0.5 kgLW) or morphometric measurements; heart girth (72.8±0.5) spine length (54.4±0.4) or hip height (73.1±0.4 cm). These results suggest that dietary protein restriction in late gestation does not have any immediate negative effects on in utero calf development.
Association of Maternal Knowledge and Practices Regarding Prevention and Care of Diarrhea at Home for Children less than 5 years of Age: A Study Conducted in Tertiary level Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Diarrhea is second major killer disease for children less than 5 year of age; and maternal lack of sound knowledge and related correct practices inn this regard conflicts with WHO treatment guidelines for diarrhea. Objective: 1) to assess the level of maternal knowledge and practices regarding prevention and management of diarrhea at home; in children below five year of age 2) to identify association between maternal knowledge and practices regarding prevention and care of diarrhea at home. Materials & Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in three tertiary level hospitals of Lahore selected randomly. Study population was mothers having children less than 5 year of age coming to pediatric Outdoor in these hospitals. Calculated sample size was 296; and non-probability purposive sampling technique used to recruit the sample. Data was collected from 300 respondents; study instrument was KAP questionnaire adopted and modified and data was taken upon the variables of knowledge and practice. Data analysis plan was: descriptive statistics for all variables, Bivariate analysis upon knowledge and practice scores, Pearson Correlation upon the two variable scores. Results: 61.7% respondents had good knowledge score, whereas 32% and 6.3% had average and poor score respectively. 39.3% were found to have good practice score, whereas 54% and 6.7% were found to have average and poor practice level score. Highly significant association (P- 0.000) was found between knowledge and practice levels; and Pearson correlation of 43.8% was found between the two variables. Conclusion: Health education communication should be conducted by health care workers so as to give the right knowledge about ORS intake and its preparation; and adoption of correct dietary practices by the mothers during diarrheal episode of the child.
The Importance of Lean Body Mass for the Rate of Force Development in Taekwondo Athletes and Track and Field Throwers

The rate of force development (RFD) is vital for power athletes. Lean body mass (LBM) is considered to be an essential contributor to RFD, nevertheless high RFD may be achieved by athletes with either high or low LBM. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between lower-body LBM and RFD, and to compare RFD in taekwondo athletes and track and field (T&F) throwers, the latter having higher LBM when compared to taekwondo athletes. Nine taekwondo athletes and nine T&F throwers were evaluated for countermovement jumping, isometric leg press and leg extension RFD, vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture and body composition. Lower body LBM was correlated with RFD 0–250 ms (r = 0.81, p = 0.016). Taekwondo athletes had lower LBM and jumping power per LBM. RFD was similar between groups at 30–50 ms, but higher for throwers at 80–250 ms. RFD adjusted for VL thickness was higher in taekwondo athletes at 30 ms, but higher in throwers at 200–250 ms. These results suggest that lower body LBM is correlated with RFD in power trained athletes. RFD adjusted for VL thickness might be more relevant to evaluate in power athletes with low LBM, while late RFD might be more relevant to evaluate in athletes with higher LBM.
Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Polymorphisms of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor, Glutathione-S-transferase T1, and Glutathione-S-transferase M1 Genes

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) C/G polymorphisms and glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1 null mutation and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Korean women. Methods This was a case–control study of 478 women with PCOS and 376 aged-matched healthy controls. Genotyping of the AhRR C/G polymorphism and GSTM1 and GSTT1 were performed using real-time PCR analysis and multiplex PCR, respectively. Results The genotype distribution of the AhRR C/G polymorphisms and GSTM1/GSTT1 null mutations did not differ between women with PCOS and controls. Using the wild-type combined AhRR CC and GSTT1 present genotype as a reference, the odds that a woman had PCOS were 1.54 (95% CIs 1.04–2.29) times higher if she had a combined AhRR CG or GG and GSTT1 null genotype. The odds that a woman had PCOS was 1.48 (95% CIs 1.08–2.04) times higher if she had a combined GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotype compared with the wild-type combined GSTM1/GSTT1 present genotype. However, there were no significant associations between the risk of PCOS and any combined AhRR and GSTM1. Conclusions Our data suggest that a combined AhRR CG or GG and GSTT1 null genotype or a combined GSTT1/GSTM1 null genotype might be associated with an increased risk of PCOS.
Investigation of Nerve Conduction in Patients with Diabetes and/or Hemodialysis

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has been clinically important, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) have been performed with rather complexity and high cost. By advances in technology, simple and useful DPN-Check device was developed obtaining NCS data as sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and sural nerve action potential (SNAP). We enrolled 52 subjects classified into 4 groups according to the presence of hemodialysis (HD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) as follows: HD (+), DM (+) in group 1, HD (+), DM (-) in group 2, HD (-), DM (+) in group 3 and healthy controls in group 4. Average age was similar from 68 to 74 years in 4 groups. Median value of SNCV was 31, 48, 49, 54 m/sec, and median value of SNAP was 3, 9, 6, 22 μV, respectively, in 4 groups. These results might suggest some relationship between impaired states of HD and DM, and would become fundamental data for pathophysiological investigation of peripheral neuropathy of HD and/or DM in the future.
A Survey of gyrA Target-Site Mutation and qnr Genes among Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli in the North of Iran

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli is one of the most common human complications. The discriminate use of antibiotics leads to increasing multiple-drug resistance (MDR) in E. coli. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the frequency of fluoroquinolones resistance by detecting qnr genes and mutation in gyrA gene in clinical isolates of E. coli in the North of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 E. coli isolates collected from major hospitals in Rasht, North of Iran. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by the disk diffusion method for the three quinolone antibiotics. The detection of gyrA, qnrS, qnrB, and qnrA genes was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR products of gyrA gene were digested by HinfI enzyme to identify the mutation in gyrA gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: Of 309 tested E. coli isolates, the most common resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (60.2%) and the least common one against norfloxacin (40.5%). The prevalence of qnrS, qnrB, and qnrA genes was 4.5%, 73.1%, and 62.8%, respectively. Mutation in gyrA gene was observed in codon 83 in 56.3% of the strains. Conclusions: In summary, despite the significant association of the investigated genes with fluoroquinolones resistance in these bacteria, the presence of these genes in susceptible strains suggested that some other possible mechanisms may also influence resistance against fluoroquinolones.
Faisabilité d'une intervention préventive de l'insomnie chez des femmes traitées en chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein

28 Introduction . 30 Method . 33 Participants . 33 Recruitment . 33 Study Design . 34 Main Outcome Measures . 34 Preventive Booklet Satisfaction Interview (PBSI, Appendix A). 34
Histological and molecular subtyping of medulloblastoma using immunohistochemical markers

To study the demographic, histological features and expression profile of the immunohistochemical markers β-catenin, GAB-1 and NPR-3 in adult and paediatric medulloblastomas and to correlate the expression of these three markers with the histological subtypes of medulloblastoma. METHODS: One hundred and thirteen cases of medulloblastoma were included in this study. A detailed review of the H&E stained slides and previous immunohistochemical studies was done. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, GAB-1 and NPR-3 were performed on all 113 cases. Correlation between patient demographic profile, morphological subtypes and immunohistochemical markers was done. RESULTS: Medulloblastomas are primarily tumors of childhood and 77% of the study population was children. The mean age at diagnosis of medulloblastomas was 13 years. In children there was a clear male preponderance, whilst in adults there was a near equal gender distribution. Medulloblastomas occurred predominantly in the midline with only a quarter arising laterally in the cerebellar hemisphere. The predominant histological subtype corresponded to the Classic variant. Desmoplastic medulloblastomas formed the next major histological variant, followed by the Large Cell variant. Anaplastic and Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) subtypes formed <5% of medulloblastomas. Medulloblastomas in the cerebellar hemispheres were predominantly of the Desmoplastic variant. WNT signaling activation was seen in 44.2% of medulloblastomas, and in the majority of cases with Classic histology 65.7%. Shh signaling activation was seen in 23% of medulloblastomas, predominantly in the desmoplastic variant. The non WNT/Shh sub-group constituted 34.5% of medulloblastomas.
A Clinical Prediction Model to Assess Risk for Pancreatic Cancer Among Patients With New-Onset Diabetes.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Approximately 50% of all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) develop diabetes mellitus before their cancer diagnosis. Screening individuals with new-onset diabetes might allow earlier diagnosis of PDA. We sought to develop and validate a PDA risk prediction model to identify high-risk individuals among those with new-onset diabetes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a population representative database from the United Kingdom. Individuals with incident diabetes after the age of 35 years and 3 or more years of follow-up after diagnosis of diabetes were eligible for inclusion. Candidate predictors consisted of epidemiologic and clinical characteristics available at the time of diabetes diagnosis. Variables with P values <. 25 in the univariable analyses were evaluated using backward stepwise approach. Model discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results were internally validated using a bootstrapping procedure. RESULTS We analyzed data from 109,385 patients with new-onset diabetes. Among them, 390 (0.4%) were diagnosed with PDA within 3 years. The final model (area under the curve, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.89) included age, body mass index, change in body mass index, smoking, use of proton pump inhibitors, and anti-diabetic medications, as well as levels of hemoglobin A1C, cholesterol, hemoglobin, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase. Bootstrapping validation showed negligible optimism. If the predicted risk threshold for definitive PDA screening was set at 1% over 3 years, only 6.19% of the new-onset diabetes population would undergo definitive screening, which would identify patients with PDA with 44.7% sensitivity, 94.0% specificity, and a positive predictive value of 2.6%. CONCLUSIONS We developed a risk model based on widely available clinical parameters to help identify patients with new-onset diabetes who might benefit from PDA screening.
Undergoing Diagnostic Evaluation for Possible Cancer Affects the Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Presenting with Non-Specific Symptoms

Aim Undergoing diagnostic evaluation for possible cancer can affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aims of this study were to examine the HRQoL in patients undergoing a diagnostic evaluation for possible cancer due to non-specific symptoms and further to investigate the impact of socio-demographic and medical factors associated with HRQoL at the time of diagnosis. Methods This was a prospective, multicenter survey study that included patients who were referred for a diagnostic evaluation due to non-specific cancer symptoms. Participants completed the EORTC-QLQ-C30 quality of life scale before and after completing the diagnostic evaluation. The baseline and follow-up EORTC-QLQ-C30 scores were compared with reference populations. The impact of socio-demographic and medical factors on HRQoL at follow-up was explored by bootstrapped multivariate linear regression. Results A total of 838 patients participated in the study; 680 (81%) also completed follow-up. Twenty-two percent of the patients received a cancer diagnosis at the end of follow-up. Patients presented initially with a high burden of symptoms, less role and emotional functioning and a lower global health/QoL. Most domains improved after diagnosis and no clinically important difference between baseline and follow-up scores was found. Patients reported effects on HRQoL both at baseline and at follow-up compared with the Danish reference population and had similar scores as a cancer reference population. Co-morbidity, being unemployed and receiving a cancer diagnosis had the greatest effect on HRQoL around the time of diagnosis. Conclusions Patients with non-specific symptoms reported an affected HRQoL while undergoing a diagnostic evaluation for possible cancer. Morbidity, being unemployed and receiving a cancer diagnosis had the greatest effect on HRQoL around the time of diagnosis.
Providing Family Education for Grandparent Caregivers: Lessons from the GRandS Program

Grandparents who take on primary responsibility for raising grandchildren face unique family challenges while helping reduce the burden on the foster care system. The GRandS (Grandfamily Resilience and Sustainability) Program was a family life education program designed with three fundamental goals: (a) increase grandparent caregivers' knowledge and skills in parenting and child development, (b) fortify their relationships with spouses and grandchildren, and (c) inform them about, and connect them to, available community resources. In this article, we describe the program implementation and evaluation, including the use of quantitative analysis and anecdotal accounts. Additionally, on the basis of our findings and experience with the program, we identify factors important to Extension's successfully serving grandfamilies.
The Effect of Olfactory Training Using Korean Version Odorants: A Preliminary Study

Approximately 5% of the general population are considered to be anosmic, and an additional 15% are considered to be hyposmic. Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are among the most frequent causes of olfactory dysfunction. To date, there is no validated pharmacotherapy for post-URI olfactory dysfunction, although attempts have been made to establish treatment modalities through trials involving systemic The Effect of Olfactory Training Using Korean Version Odorants: A Preliminary Study
Complementary feeding practices among children under two years old in West Africa: A review

The burden of child malnutrition is still high in West African countries with 19.2 million stunted children and increases rapidly during the weaning period. This has been attributed to inappropriate complementary feeding practices. To our knowledge, few studies have tried to review the state of complementary feeding in the sub-region. This review aimed to provide an overview of current complementary feeding practices in West Africa in order to identify issues that should be targeted for ensuring optimal infant and young child nutrition. Articles and reports published from 2006 to 2016 were selected and reviewed. All documents were accessed through PubMed, Google scholar, and FreeFullPDF databases. Relevant and current documents focused on infant and young child (IYC) feeding from World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were identified by using electronic searches via the Google platform. Complementary feeding practices are suboptimal in West Africa compared to the Northern Africa. Porridges and family dishes are the two main categories of complementary foods given to children and there are nutritionally inadequate. Enriched flours have been developed by using local diversity of food resources and improved food process like dehulling, fermentation, germination, malting, but their use remains low. Socio-economic, cultural and geographical factors were the determinants influencing IYC feeding practices at mother and household levels. Besides food availability, social, cultural, economic and geographic determinants were interrelated in a complex way to affect child feeding practices. This paper contributes to a much-needed evidence-based focus on the state of complementary feeding practices. As a key component to child survival, the improvement of complementary feeding has been shown to be the most effective in enhancing child growth and reducing stunting. Stakeholders such as policy and decision-makers, development partners, the private sector, and Non-Governmental Organizations should develop strategies for making enriched flours and nutritionally dense foods more accessible and affordable. Nutritional interventions should emphasize the promotion of adequate complementary feeding practices including feeding frequency, quality and quantity of diet and food safety in order to reduce malnutrition. Ongoing national plans and strategies for optimal IYC feeding should be encouraged to reduce child malnutrition. Keywords: complementary feeding, practices, determinants, nutrition plans, West Africa
Mutational Diversity and Therapy Response in Breast Cancer: A Sequencing Analysis in the Neoadjuvant GeparSepto Trial

Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used for comprehensive investigation of molecular events in breast cancer. We evaluated the relevance of genomic alterations for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the GeparSepto trial. Experimental Design: Eight hundred fifty-one pretherapeutic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) core biopsies from GeparSepto study were sequenced. The panel included 16 genes for mutational (AKT1, BRAF, CDH1, EGFR, ERBB2, ESR1, FBXW7, FGFR2, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, SF3B1, TP53, HNF1A, PIK3CA, and PTEN) and 8 genes for copy-number alteration analysis (CCND1, ERBB2, FGFR1, PAK1, PIK3CA, TOP2A, TP53, and ZNF703). Results: The most common genomic alterations were mutations of TP53 (38.4%) and PIK3CA (21.5%), and 8 different amplifications (TOP2A 34.9%; ERBB2 30.6%; ZNF703 30.1%; TP53 21.9%; PIK3CA 24.1%; CCND1 17.7%; PAK1 14.9%; FGFR 12.6%). All other alterations had a prevalence of less than 5%. The genetic heterogeneity in different breast cancer subtypes [lum/HER2neg vs. HER2pos vs. triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)] was significantly linked to differences in NACT response. A significantly reduced pathologic complete response rate was observed in PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer [PIK3CAmut: 23.0% vs. wild-type (wt) 38.8%, P < 0.0001] in particular in the HER2pos subcohort [multivariate OR = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.24–0.79), P = 0.006]. An increased response to nab-paclitaxel was observed only in PIK3CAwt breast cancer, with univariate significance for the complete cohort (P = 0.009) and the TNBC (P = 0.013) and multivariate significance in the HER2pos subcohort (test for interaction P = 0.0074). Conclusions: High genetic heterogeneity was observed in different breast cancer subtypes. Our study shows that FFPE-based NGS can be used to identify markers of therapy resistance in clinical study cohorts. PIK3CA mutations could be a major mediator of therapy resistance in breast cancer.
Failure-to-Rescue Simulations as a Risk Management Strategy for Registered Nurses

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Optimal dose of methylprednisolone for reduction of propofol injection pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study

Introduction and Aims: Propofol (2,6-di-isopropylphenol) used for the induction of anaesthesia often causes mild to severe pain on injection, for which various methods have been tried, but with conflicting results. We designed a placebo-controlled, double-blind study to compare the efficacy of different doses of intravenous methylprednisolone for attenuation of propofol injection pain. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty adult patients belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical Status II and III, between 21 and 60 years, scheduled for elective cardiac surgery, were divided into four groups: saline (group S, n=30), methylprednisolone 40mg (Group methylprednisolone 1 MP1, n=30), methylprednisolone 125mg (group methylprednisolone 2 MP2, n=30) and methylprednisolone 250mg (Group methylprednisolone 3 MP3, n=30) diluted into 2ml of distilled water. Study drugs were administered after tourniquet application and occlusion was released after 1 min and 1/4th of the total dose of propofol (2mg/kg) was administered at the rate of 0.5ml per second. Pain on propofol injection was assessed by four-point verbal rating scale. Statistical methods used included Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test. Results: Demographic variables were similar among all the groups. The overall incidence of pain was 70% in the saline group, 53.33% in MP1 and 33.33% in both MP2 & MP3. Pain intensity was significantly less in patients receiving MP2 & MP3 drugs for pre-treatment than those receiving saline (P Conclusions: Pre-treatment with either 125mg or 250mg intravenous methylprednisolone was found to be effective in reducing propofol injection-induced pain. But pre-treatment with 250 mg MP itself was associated with pain during injection. Keywords: Methylprednisolone, Propofol, Pain.