Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Malicious Code by Binary File Checking

The object, library and executable code is stored in binary files. Functionality of a binary file is altered when its content or program source code is changed, causing undesired effects. A direct content change is possible when the intruder knows the structural information of the binary file. The paper describes the structural properties of the binary object files, how the content can be controlled by a possible intruder and what the ways to identify malicious code in such kind of files. Because the object files are inputs in linking processes, early detection of the malicious content is crucial to avoid infection of the binary executable files.
Critical emissions from the largest on-road transport network in South Asia

One of the major requirements of air quality management for a particular region or country is to understand the sources of emissions, particularly those from the dominant sectors. The on-road transport sector is one of the most important sources of pollutant emissions, as it is directly linked to economic growth, and the current study focuses on India, a nation that is currently experiencing very rapid development. In view of this, the present work develops an inventory of on-road vehicular emissions at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution (approx. 55 km) for a region in India, where a technologically-based dynamic emissions factor method has been used to for the last 20 years. This new inventory can not only provide improved estimates of emissions in recent years but also highlight the relative contribution of various vehicles, based on age, to the total emissions produced by the transport sector. In addition, inventories of the major air pollutants for on-road vehicles in India are developed for the base year of 2009 for the first time in this work. The total emissions from the transport sector are estimated to be 5.4 Tg/yr for NOx, 10.2 Tg for CO, 693.3 Gg/yr for PM and 5.54 Tg/yr for VOC, 240,000 kilometers of national, state and major highways in India are used to achieve a better spatial allocation of gridded on-road emissions, along with a vehicular density map in a GIS environment. The emissions data presented in this work will not only help in improving the simulated distribution of air pollutants in chemical transport models, but can also be used for air quality management in planning related mitigation strategies.
Matching Images to Texts

We build a joint multimodal model of text and images for automatically assigning illustrative images to journalistic articles. We approach the task as an unsupervised representation learning problem of finding a common representation that abstracts from individual modalities, inspired by multimodal Deep Boltzmann Machine of Srivastava and Salakhutdinov. We use state-of-theart image content classification features obtained from the Convolutional Neural Network of Krizhevsky et al. as input “images” and entire documents instead of keywords as input texts. A deep learning and experiment management library Safire has been developed. We have not been able to create a successful retrieval system because of difficulties with training neural networks on the very sparse word observation. However, we have gained substantial understanding of the nature of these difficulties and thus are confident that we will be able to improve in future work.
Posttranslational Protein Modifications in Type 1 Diabetes - Genetic Studies with PCMT1, the Repair Enzyme Protein Isoaspartate Methyltransferase (PIMT) Encoding Gene.

BACKGROUND Posttranslational protein modifications have been implicated in the development of autoimmunity. Protein L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PIMT) repairs modified proteins and is encoded by PCMT1, located in a region linked to type 1 diabetes (T1D), namely IDDM5. AIM To evaluate the association between genetic variations in the PCMT1 gene and T1D. METHODS Firstly, PCMT1 was sequenced in 26 patients with T1D (linked to IDDM5) and 10 control subjects. The variations found in PCMT1 were then tested (alone and interacting with a functional polymorphism in SUMO4 and with HLA) for association with T1D in 253 families (using transmission disequilibrium test). In a third step, the association of the functional variation in PCMT1 (rs4816) with T1D was analyzed in 778 T1D patients and 749 controls (using chi-square test). In vitro promoter activity was assessed by transfecting INS-1E cells with PCMT1 promoter constructs and a reporter gene, with or without cytokine stimulation. RESULTS Four polymorphisms in complete linkage disequilibrium were identified in PCMT1 (5' to the gene (rs11155676), exon 5 (rs4816) and exon 8 (rs7818 and rs4552)). In the whole cohort of 253 families, the allele associated with increased PIMT enzyme activity (rs4816, allele A) was less frequently transmitted to the affected than to the non-affected offspring (46% vs. 53%, p = 0.099). This finding was even more evident in the subset of families where the proband had high-risk SUMO4 (p = 0.069) or low-risk HLA (p = 0.086). Surprisingly, in the case-control study with 778 cases and 749 controls, an inverse trend was found (40.36% of patients and 36.98% of controls had the allele, p = 0.055). PCMT1 promoter activity increased with cytokine stimulation, but no differences were detected between the constructs adjacent to rs11155676. CONCLUSION PCMT1 was virtually associated with T1D in groups defined by other risk genes (SUMO4 and HLA). A general association in a not further defined sample of T1D patients was not evident. Verification in a larger population is needed.
Candidate Bio-Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by a progressive loss of short-term memory accompanied by a gradual loss of cognitive functions (Ross et al., 2004). AD is among the most frequently encountered diseases in aging societies with an estimated 5million people in the United States and 17 million people worldwide suffering from the disease. It is expected that these numbers will quadruple by the year 2040, by which 1 out of 45 Americans will be affected, leading to a considerable public health burden (Fratiglioni et al., 1999). AD pathogenic mecha‐ nisms contributing to neuronal loss and brain dysfunction are still unclear. However, remarkable advances have taken place in understanding of both the genetics and molecular biological aspects of the intracellular processing of amyloid and tau and the changes leading to the pathologic formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and the intraneuronal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau into neurofibrillary tangles. This progress in our understanding of the molecular pathology has set the stage for clinical‐ ly meaningful advances in the development of biomarkers.
Complete genome sequence of Haliangium ochraceum type strain (SMP-2)

Natalia Ivanova, Chris Daum, Elke Lang, Birte Abt, Markus Kopitz, Elizabeth Saunders, Alla Lapidus, Susan Lucas, Tijana Glavina Del Rio, Matt Nolan, Hope Tice, Alex Copeland, Jan-Fang Cheng, Feng Chen, David Bruce, Lynne Goodwin, Sam Pitluck, Konstantinos Mavromatis, Amrita Pati, Natalia Mikhailova, Amy Chen, Krishna Palaniappan, Miriam Land, Loren Hauser, Yun-Juan Chang, Cynthia D. Jeffries, John C. Detter, Thomas Brettin, Manfred Rohde, Markus Göker, Jim Bristow, Victor Markowitz, Jonathan A. Eisen, Philip Hugenholtz, Nikos C. Kyrpides, and Hans-Peter Klenk
Background Subtraction Using Spatio-Temporal Group Sparsity Recovery

Background subtraction is a key step in a wide spectrum of video applications, such as object tracking and human behavior analysis. Compressive sensing-based methods, which make little specific assumptions about the background, have recently attracted wide attention in background subtraction. Within the framework of compressive sensing, background subtraction is solved as a decomposition and optimization problem, where the foreground is typically modeled as pixel-wised sparse outliers. However, in real videos, foreground pixels are often not randomly distributed, but instead, group clustered. Moreover, due to costly computational expenses, most compressive sensing-based methods are unable to process frames online. In this paper, we take into account the group properties of foreground signals in both spatial and temporal domains, and propose a greedy pursuit-based method called spatio-temporal group sparsity recovery, which prunes data residues in an iterative process, according to both sparsity and group clustering priors, rather than merely sparsity. Furthermore, a random strategy for background dictionary learning is used to handle complex background variations, while foreground-free training is not required. Finally, we propose a two-pass framework to achieve online processing. The proposed method is validated on multiple challenging video sequences. Experiments demonstrate that our approach effectively works on a wide range of complex scenarios and achieves a state-of-the-art performance with far fewer computations.
Supervised slackline training improves postural stability

Abstract The present study investigated whether or not four weeks of supervised slackline training (SLT) performed on nylon webbing improves postural stability. Twenty-four healthy adults participated in the study and were assigned to either SLT (n=12) or a control (CON) group (n=12). The SLT group completed a four week training program, while the CON group received no training. Centre of gravity (COG) and joint angles (ankle, knee and hip) were calculated using whole body three-dimensional (3D) kinematic measurements during single leg standing on a stable surface (SS) and on a perturbed surface (PS) before and after training. After SLT, a significant interaction was found for the SS condition in anterior-posterior COG mean velocity, whereas no changes were observed in the medio-lateral direction or in joint kinematics. In the PS condition, the medio-lateral COG mean velocity, frontal angular range of motion in the knee and hip joint, sagittal angular mean velocity in the knee joint, as well as frontal angular mean velocity in the hip joint were reduced in the SLT group only (all P<0.05). No significant training effects were detected in the ankle joint kinematics in either group from pre to post test. Our findings demonstrate that four weeks of supervised SLT improves postural stability in single leg stance on a stable surface and/or during compensation of perturbations.
Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (EME) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME), also known as equine ehrlichial colitis or Potomac fever, is a disease caused by Neorickettsia risticii, a biological agent with affinity for monocytes (Holland et al., 1984; Rikihisa et al., 1985). This is a disease of an enzootic type that presents a mortality rate varying between 5% and 30% (Palmer, 1993). This disease was already described in the United States, Canada, European Union, India, Uruguay and the South of Brazil (Whitlock et al., 1985; Vidor et al., 1988; Dutra et al., 2001). The clinical signs are non-specific, mainly the clinical and sub-clinical forms of the disease (Ristic et al., 1986). The animals may present fever of 38.9oC to 41.7oC, as well as, depression, anorexia, diarrhea from moderate to severe, accompanied of abdominal discomfort, laminitis, toxemia, and dehydration. In pregnant mares, it may cause abortion associated with placentitis and even retained placenta (Knowles et al., 1983; Long et al., 1995).
Simulation of Geomechanical Behavior during SAGD Process using COMSOL Multiphysics®

Steam-Assistant-Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) has become one of the most commonly used thermal recovery processes to extract heavy oil from oil sand reservoirs, especially in Northern Alberta, Canada. However, due to geological history, interbedded shales (IBS) in the reservoir act as barriers due to their low permeability and as such hinder the progression of the steam chamber. Cap-rock integrity also needs to be ensured to prevent steam breakthrough. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of coupling between thermal multiphase fluid flow and geomechanics is required in modeling SAGD processes to properly address the above issues. In this paper, the THM behavior of the heavy oil reservoir was studied through a proper constitutive modeling of the porous media. Both homogeneous and non-homogeneous reservoir conditions were investigated based on stress path and stress/strain field analyses.
High-speed CMOS circuit technique

It is shown that clock frequencies in excess of 200 MHz are feasible in a 3- mu m CMOS process. This performance can be obtained by means of clocking strategy, device sizing, and logic style selection. A precharge technique with a true single-phase clock, which increases the clock frequency and reduces the skew problems, is used. Device sizing with the help of an optimizing program improves circuit speed by a factor of 1.5-1.8. The logic depth is minimized to one instead of two or more, and pipeline structures are used wherever possible. Experimental results for several circuits which work at clock frequencies of 200-230 MHz are presented. SPICE simulation shows that some circuits could work up to 400-500 MHz. >
Machine-learned Identification of RR Lyrae Stars from Sparse, Multi-band Data: The PS1 Sample

RR Lyrae stars may be the best practical tracers of Galactic halo (sub-)structure and kinematics. The PanSTARRS1 (PS1) 3 π survey offers multi-band, multi-epoch, precise photometry across much of the sky, but a robust identification of RR Lyrae stars in this data set poses a challenge, given PS1's sparse, asynchronous multi-band light curves ( ≲ 12 epochs in each of five bands, taken over a 4.5 year period). We present a novel template fitting technique that uses well-defined and physically motivated multi-band light curves of RR Lyrae stars, and demonstrate that we get accurate period estimates, precise to 2 s in > 80 % of cases. We augment these light-curve fits with other features from photometric time-series and provide them to progressively more detailed machine-learned classification models. From these models, we are able to select the widest (three-fourths of the sky) and deepest (reaching 120 kpc) sample of RR Lyrae stars to date. The PS1 sample of ∼45,000 RRab stars is pure (90%) and complete (80% at 80 kpc) at high galactic latitudes. It also provides distances that are precise to 3%, measured with newly derived period–luminosity relations for optical/near-infrared PS1 bands. With the addition of proper motions from Gaia and radial velocity measurements from multi-object spectroscopic surveys, we expect the PS1 sample of RR Lyrae stars to become the premier source for studying the structure, kinematics, and the gravitational potential of the Galactic halo. The techniques presented in this study should translate well to other sparse, multi-band data sets, such as those produced by the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Galactic plane sub-survey.
Descrição de contingências durante a leitura de histórias e o comportamento de crianças: um estudo exploratório

O estudo investigou os efeitos da descricao de contingencias durante a leitura de historias sobre o comportamento de criancas entre 8 e 10 anos. No grupo 1, duas criancas foram expostas a uma historia com desfecho positivo para o comportamento-alvo de pegar doces antes da festa (A) e, em seguida, outra historia com desfecho aversivo (B). No grupo 2, outras duas criancas foram expostas as mesmas historias na ordem inversa. No grupo 3, tres criancas ouviram duas historias (C e D) sobre festa de aniversario, mas sem mencao do comportamento-alvo. Apos cada leitura, as criancas eram deixadas em situacao similar a descrita nas historias. A frequencia de comportamentos direcionados aos doces foi registrada, sendo maior apos a leitura da historia A do que apos a leitura da historia B. Sugere-se que a descricao das contingencias durante a narracao das historias controlou o desempenho subsequente dos participantes.
Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery of brain tumors: Initial findings in patients

Introduction: Previously, an MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) system was described that aims to use transcranial ultrasound exposures to noninvasively thermally ablate targets in the brain (1-3). This system uses acoustic models, geometric and density information derived from CT scans, and a phased array transducer to correct for skull-induced aberrations of the ultrasound beam (4). Here we present initial technical results of this device from patient treatments.
CMOL FPGA: a reconfigurable architecture for hybrid digital circuits with two-terminal nanodevices

This paper describes a digital logic architecture for ‘CMOL’ hybrid circuits which combine a semiconductor–transistor (CMOS) stack and two levels of parallel nanowires, with molecular-scale nanodevices formed between the nanowires at every crosspoint. This cell-based, field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-like architecture is based on a uniform, reconfigurable CMOL fabric, with four-transistor CMOS cells and two-terminal nanodevices (‘latching switches’). The switches play two roles: they provide diode-like I–V curves for logic circuit operation, and allow circuit mapping on CMOL fabric and its reconfiguration around defective nanodevices. Monte Carlo simulations of two simple circuits (a 32-bit integer adder and a 64-bit full crossbar switch) have shown that the reconfiguration allows one to increase the circuit yield above 99% at the fraction of bad nanodevices above 20%. Estimates have shown that at the same time the circuits may have extremely high density (approximately 500 times higher than that of the usual CMOS FPGAs with the same design rules), while operating at higher speed at acceptable power consumption.
A Real Time Image Processing Subsystem: GEZGIN

In this study, a real-time image processing subsystem, GEZGIN, which is currently being developed for BILSAT-1, a 100kg class micro-satellite, is presented. BILSAT-1 is being constructed in accordance with a technology transfer agreement between TUBITAK-BILTEN (Turkey) and SSTL (UK) and planned to be placed into a 650 km sunsynchronous orbit in Summer 2003. GEZGIN is one of the two Turkish R&D payloads to be hosted on BILSAT-1. One of the missions of BILSAT-1 is constructing a Digital Elevation Model of Turkey using both multi-spectral and panchromatic imagers. Due to limited down-link bandwidth and on-board storage capacity, employment of a realtime image compression scheme is highly advantageous for the mission. GEZGIN has evolved as an implementation to achieve image compression tasks that would lead to an efficient utilization of both the down-link and on-board storage. The image processing on GEZGIN includes capturing of 4-band multi-spectral images of size 2048x2048 8bit pixels, compressing them simultaneously with the new industry standard JPEG2000 algorithm and forwarding the compressed multi-spectral image to Solid State Data Recorders (SSDR) of BILSAT-1 for storage and down-link transmission. The mission definition together with orbital parameters impose a 6.5 seconds constraint on real-time image compression. GEZGIN meets this constraint by exploiting the parallelism among image processing units and assigning compute intensive tasks to dedicated hardware. The proposed hardware also allows for full reconfigurability of all processing units.
Detection and localization of single-source gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can be used to search for very low frequency (10(-9)-10(-7) Hz) gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we present a general method for the detection and localization of single-source GWs using PTAs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this new method for three types of signals: monochromatic waves as expected from individual supermassive binary black holes in circular orbits, GWs from eccentric binaries and GW bursts. We also test its implementation in realistic data sets that include effects such as uneven sampling and heterogeneous data spans and measurement precision. It is shown that our method, which works in the frequency domain, performs as well as published time-domain methods. In particular, we find it equivalent to the F-e-statistic for monochromatic waves. We also discuss the construction of null streams - data streams that have null response to GWs, and the prospect of using null streams as a consistency check in the case of detected GW signals. Finally, we present sensitivities to individual supermassive binary black holes in eccentric orbits. We find that a monochromatic search that is designed for circular binaries can efficiently detect eccentric binaries with both high and low eccentricities, while a harmonic summing technique provides greater sensitivities only for binaries with moderate eccentricities.
The CYP1A1*2a allele is an independent prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia

*Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, °Hyogo Institute of Clinical Research, Center for Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics, SRL, Tokyo, Japan Acknowledgments: we thank the medical, nursing and laboratory staff of the Hyogo Medical Center for Adults for their excellent cooperation. We are also grateful to Mr. Yoshihiko Mimura and Mrs. Kuniko Numata for photographic work and technical assistance.
SOTM: A S ELF ORGANIZED TRUST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR VANET

Security and trust management in Vehicular Adhoc NETworks (VANET) is a crucial research domain which is the scope of many researches and domains. Although, the majority of the proposed trust management systems for VANET are based on specific road infrastructure, which may not be present in all the roads. Therefore, road security should be managed by vehicles themselves. In this paper, we propose a new Self Organized Trust Management system (SOTM). This system has the responsibility to cut with the spread of false warnings in the network through four principal components: cooperation, trust management, communication and security.
Overscreening in a 1D lattice Coulomb gas model of ionic liquids

Overscreening in the charge distribution of ionic liquids at electrified interfaces is shown to proceed from purely electrostatic and steric interactions in an exactly soluble one-dimensional lattice Coulomb gas model. Being not a mean-field effect, our results suggest that even in higher-dimensional systems the overscreening could be accounted for by a more accurate treatment of the basic lattice Coulomb gas model, that goes beyond the mean-field level of approximation, without any additional interactions.