Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-wavelength afterglow observations of the high redshift GRB 050730

GRB 050730 is a long duration high-redshift burst (z=3.967) discovered by Swift. The afterglow shows variability and is well monitored over a wide wavelength range. We present comprehensive temporal and spectral analysis of the afterglow of GRB 050730 including observations from the millimeter to X-rays. We use multi- wavelength afterglow data to understand the temporal and spectral decay properties with superimposed variability of this high redshift burst. Five telescopes were used to study the decaying afterglow of GRB 050730 in the B,V,r ' ,R,i ' ,I,J and K photometric pass bands. A spectral energy distribution was constructed at 2.9 hours post-burst in the K,J,I,R,V and B bands. X-ray data from the satellites Swift and XMM-Newton were used to study the afterglow evolution at higher energies. The early afterglow shows variability at early times and shows a steepening at 0.1 days (8.6 ks) in the B,V,r ' ,R,i ' ,I,J and K passbands. The early afterglow light curve decayed with �1 = 0.60 ± 0.07 and �2 = 1.71 ± 0.06 based on R and I band data. A millimeter detection of the afterglow around 3 days after the burst shows an excess in comparison to predictions. The early X-ray light curve observed by Swift is complex and contains flares. At late times the X-ray light curve can be fit by a powerlawx = 2.5 ± 0.15 which is steeper than the optical light curve. A spectral energy distribution (SED) was constructed at �2.9 hours after the burst. An electron energy index, p, of �2.3 was calculated using the SED and the photon index from the X-ray afterglow spectra and indicates that the synchrotron cooling frequencyc is above observed frequencies.
Profit-based optimal generation scheduling of a microgrid

The paper proposes a formulation for profit-based optimal generation scheduling by a microgrid (µgrid). Current methods normally assume either islanded operation, or utility-grid connected µgrid but lacking in market participation elements. The paper addresses this gap whereby the formulated objective function allows for autonomous decision-making to determine the hour by hour optimal dispatch of generators subject to system constraints including market parameters. The distributed generations in the modelled µgrid consist of wind turbines, microturbines and photovoltaic arrays while the system inputs are based on tropical conditions. A case study on the difference between grid-connected and islanded operation is presented. The results demonstrate the efficiency of using genetic algorithm to solve the optimization problem.
An Enhanced Droop Control Method for Accurate Load Sharing and Voltage Improvement of Isolated and Interconnected DC Microgrids

In this paper, a distributed local control scheme for dc microgrid is proposed along with the basic droop control. It eliminates the limitations of droop control when the distributed generators are geographically distributed, for which, the line resistances cannot be neglected. Effects of line inductance and constant power loading (CPL) are investigated by analyzing the voltage tracking transfer function for single source system. Stability of two sources single load microgrid with proposed controller is investigated. Simulated responses are presented for two sources single load microgrid (for the sake of simplicity) to depict the proper load sharing and voltage improvement capability of the proposed control method with the consideration of line resistances. However, this can be extended to multiple-source multiple-load configuration connected to the dc bus. A comparison of the result is presented to show the better performance of the proposed control scheme as compared to the conventional droop control and hierarchical secondary control. The interconnected operation of the microgrid is also investigated to show the applicability of the proposed control in the interconnected mode. A centralized controller in each area is used to make the tie-line power flow zero at steady state.
Lifetime Estimation of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Modules Using Two-Step Bayesian Estimation

The reliability of the package of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules has been of great concern. Some fatigue-related failure mechanisms are commonly observed under power cycling conditions. An approach of a multi-step Bayesian estimation is proposed to perform lifetime estimation of IGBT modules under power cycling conditions. Lifetime estimation of a generic IGBT module under the specified power cycling conditions is performed to demonstrate the proposed approach, by integrating the extrapolated lifetime data from the literature, as well as the finite element analysis results. The result of estimation is that the lifetime of the studied IGBT module can be approximated by a two-parameter Weibull distribution with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha =$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 16 126 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 3.28. The proposed approach is relatively straightforward to implement and can be used to perform preliminary lifetime estimations in a wide variety of applications.
Common Mode Noise Propagation and Effects in a Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle

New topologies of electric car use high power switching devices which must be integrated with a growing range of electronic systems in small places. A good performance of the car relies on the electromagnetic compatibility among these systems, which requires the characterization of the noise and interferences present in the system. To characterize the noise, both emission and susceptibility issues as well as coupling mechanisms must be studied. This paper presents the work performed for the electromagnetic mapping of a four-wheel fully electric car, which involves both simulation and experimental measurements. It has been carried out within the E-VECTOORC project (FP7-INFSO-284708), in collaboration with car manufacturers such as Jaguar Land Rover and Škoda.
Design of Conductive Microwire Systems for Manipulation of Biological Cells

The demand for hybrid microelectronic systems has arisen because of the trend toward miniaturization of devices, in particular in lab-on-a-chip devices for biomedicine. This paper aims to describe the development of microelectromagnetic structures for the manipulation of biological cells. An innovative, low-cost, and highly practical approach based on the use of parallel conductive wires is described. The types of connection and their effect on magnetic field shape were investigated with simulations. The strategy to estimate the required concentration of nanoparticles and applied current to trap biological cells was discussed, and tests were carried using an red fluorescent protein (RFP)-modified mouse melanoma cell line (B16 RFP). The prospects and efficiency of such technology of microwire production are demonstrated.
Maximizing Network Lifetime Using Energy-Efficient Reliable Routing inAd Hoc Networks

This paper focuses on an in-depth study of energy efficient-routing in ad hoc wireless network. Since the nodes are powered by batteries with limited capacity, energy management of a node and whole network is a critical issue in ad hoc wireless networks. Energy management is an optimization technique, used to maximize the operational lifetime of networks through energy-efficient routing. Various energy efficient routing algorithms are proposed for ad hoc network to improve the life time of network by considering the various parameters such as remaining battery energy, link quality, etc. LEACH is an energy efficient hierarchical based protocol that balances the energy expenses, saves the node energy and hence to prolongs the lifetime of the network. So this paper presents a detailed review and analysis of LEACH protocol. Comparison of the various networks parameters is done in the form of tables and graphs. The simulation of the work has been carried out by using own set of parameters and in the last of the paper conclusions is drawn.
Applying Traits to the Smalltalk Collection Hierarchy Submitted to ECOOP 2003 ?

Traits are a programming language technology modeled after mixins but avoiding their problems. In this paper we refactor the Smalltalk collections hierarchy using traits. We observed that the original hierarchy contained much duplication of code; traits let us remove all of it. Traits also make possible much more general reuse of collection code outsideof the existing hierarchy; for example, they make it easy to convert other collection-like things into true collections. Our refactoring reduced the size of the collection hierarchy by approximately 12 per cent, with no measurable impact on execution efficiency. More importantly, understandability and reusability of the code was significantly improved, and the path was paved for a more intensive refactoring.
A solution of static voltage stability assessment based on pq plane analysis incorporating load uncertainty

With the rapid development of power system and the integration of renewable energy sources, the uncertainties of power system become more complex, which introduce a more challenging for the assessment of voltage stability. This paper presents an analytical solution of static voltage stability assessment based on the PQ plane analysis method with elaborately selected voltage stability indices, and the load uncertainty is taken into account during analysis as well. Case studies are conducted based on the single-load-infinite-bus system, and the impacts of system key parameters and uncertainties of load on the voltage stability are studied respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed indices are effective in assessing the voltage stability closely pertinent to a load with low computational burden.
Automated functional verification of digital television systems using camera

This paper presents an approach to automated verification of digital television systems. Camera is used to capture the content on the TV screen. An algorithm was developed for detecting the TV screen content and comparing it with the expected content. The TV screen content is extracted in two steps. The first step is the TV screen edge detection, performed with Scharr edge detection and detection of long lines and TV screen rectangle. The second step is the extraction of the TV screen content between the detected edges and its scaling to the dimensions of the referent image. The images are compared using the normalized cross-correlation method. The test suite includes the random images, selected patterns and TV menus shown on the screen. The system is planned to be used as a part of the Black Box Testing system.
Reduced-Threshold Emission of Capillary Filled by Doped-Dye Cholesteric Liquid Crystals With Photo-Alignment Polyimide Films

A microcavity laser is reported using dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) filled in a glass capillary with photo-alignment polyimide films. This laser runs based on the properties that a CLC has a refractive index much higher than that of glass, so whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser and distributed-feedback-mode lasers are included in the emission spectrum. We obtain a low threshold energy of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.5\;\mu {\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{puls}}{{\rm{e}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - 2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, establish the shift of 3.04 nm of the WGMs in the temperature range 43–48 °C, and investigate electric field tunability.
APP Regulates Microglial Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Prior work suggests that amyloid precursor protein (APP) can function as a proinflammatory receptor on immune cells, such as monocytes and microglia. Therefore, we hypothesized that APP serves this function in microglia during Alzheimer's disease. Although fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ)-stimulated cytokine secretion from both wild-type and APP knock-out (mAPP−/−) microglial cultures, oligomeric Aβ was unable to stimulate increased secretion from mAPP−/− cells. This was consistent with an ability of oligomeric Aβ to bind APP. Similarly, intracerebroventricular infusions of oligomeric Aβ produced less microgliosis in mAPP−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. The mAPP−/− mice crossed to an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse line demonstrated reduced microgliosis and cytokine levels and improved memory compared with wild-type mice despite robust fibrillar Aβ plaque deposition. These data define a novel function for microglial APP in regulating their ability to acquire a proinflammatory phenotype during disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide within plaques robustly invested with reactive microglia. This supports the notion that Aβ stimulation of microglial activation is one source of brain inflammatory changes during disease. Aβ is a cleavage product of the ubiquitously expressed amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is able to self-associate into a wide variety of differently sized and structurally distinct multimers. In this study, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that nonfibrillar, oligomeric forms of Aβ are able to interact with the parent APP protein to stimulate microglial activation. This provides a mechanism by which metabolism of APP results in possible autocrine or paracrine Aβ production to drive the microgliosis associated with AD brains.
Quels contenus de formation pour enseigner à l’école maternelle ? L’exemple de la formation à l’activité « faire découvrir la nature et les objets »

Pour bien situer leurs actions dans l’ecole maternelle ou l’eleve apprend dans et par le groupe avec lequel il vit, les maitres doivent en saisir les enjeux a court et long termes et les traits specifiques (par rapport a l’ecole elementaire). Dans ce cadre, le point de vue didactique (ici, l’education scientifique) s’interesse aux contenus des activites. A partir d’un projet sur « les coins pour faire decouvrir le vivant, la matiere et les objets a l’ecole maternelle », l’article s’interroge sur les strategies mises en œuvre par des praticiens et sur leur pertinence pour former des novices a « faire decouvrir la nature et les objets ».
Neuro-stimulus chip with photodiodes array for sub-retinal implants

A prototype neuro-stimulus chip for sub-retinal implants in blind patients affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is presented in this paper. This retinal prosthetic chip was designed to replace the degenerated photoreceptor cells, and in order to stimulate directly the remaining healthy layers of retinal neurons. The current stimulus circuits are monolithic integrated with photodiodes (PD) array, which can convert the illumination on the eyes into bi-phasic electrical pulses. In addition, a novel charge cancellation circuit is used to discharge the electrodes for medical safety.The prototype chip is designed and fabricated in HJTC 0.18 ¿m N-well CMOS 1P6M Mix-signal process, with a ± 2.5 V dual voltage power supply.
Anomalous origin of left vertebral artery

Variations of major arterial vessels are of clinical significance. The vertebral artery(VA) normally arises from the subclavian artery. The present report describes an anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery(LVA) from the aortic arch between the origin of left subclavian and left common carotid artery. The artery was crossed superficially form medial to lateral side by left sympathetic chain. The left and right VA entered the foramen on the transverse process of fifth cervical vertebrae. Though the anamolous origin of VA is known . its origin and entry through the foramen transversarium and its relation with sympathetic trunk are of importance during clinical and vascular procedures in the head and neck region like carotid stents,VA stents and intracranial interventions.
Experimental Comparison Between Sub-0.1-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$ Ultrathin SOI Single- and Double-Gate MOSFETs: Performance and Mobility

This paper presents an experimental comparison between single-gate (SG) and double-gate (DG) transistors performance. Using a novel process flow, we managed to cointegrate these two devices on the same wafer with a TiN metal gate. Short-channel effect control, static performance, and mobility are quantified for each architecture. An in-depth mobility study is performed for a wide range of temperatures (10 K-300 K) and gate lengths (10-20 nm) while channel thickness is fixed at 6 nm. This study experimentally highlights the advantages of DG devices over SG transistors. Good mobility values are obtained for both architectures and we show the advantages of ultrathin body devices over bulk transistors. Finally, we demonstrate that Coulomb scattering is the primary cause of the mobility degradation in short-channel devices
Personalized Ubiquitous Data Collection and Intervention as Interactive Multimedia Documents

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) has been proposed as a method for collecting data about people's experiences in their everyday and natural environments. ESM-based systems offer limited authoring for interactive documents designed to collect text-based responses offered as answers to text-based questions, and integrated with the non-intrusive data collection from sensors. From a document engineering perspective, ESM brings new requirements with respect to the authoring of non-trivial interaction and navigation workflow, in particular when multiple media and collaborative tasks are concerned. Tackling existing challenges, we modeled the Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method (ESPIM) by combining ESM, individualized teaching procedures and ubiquitous computing toward producing interactive personalized multimedia documents applied in data collection.
drugalcdep eed and utility of a polyethylene glycol marker to ensure against rine falsification among heroin users

Background: Deceptive methods of falsifying urine samples are of concern for anyone who relies on accurate urine toxicology results. A novel method to combat these efforts utilizes polyethylene glycol (PEG) markers administered orally prior to providing a urine sample. By using various PEG combinations to create a tracer capsule of unique composition, each urine sample can be matched to that individual. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using the PEG marker system among active heroin users screening for research studies. Methods: Upon each screening visit, participants (N = 55) were randomized to provide an unobserved urine sample, or the PEG tracer procedure was used. LCMS analysis was used to distinguish the PEG combinations, and allowed us to provide a unique qualitative analysis of patterns of drug use (N = 168, total urine specimens). Results: The unique composition of the tracer capsules was accurately detected in 83.5% of the urine specimens. Analyses of inconsistencies implicated a number of possible attempts at fraudulence (11.4%) and investigator/lab error (5.1%). Among this sample, the concurrent use of multiple classes of psychoactive drugs was more common than not, though concomitant drug use was often underreported. Conclusion: Urine drug testing should be the minimum standard for obtaining information about drug use as self-report was unreliable even in a situation where there were no perceived adverse consequences for full disclosure. In cases where there are significant pressures for individuals to falsify these data, more protective collection methods such as the PEG marker system should be considered.
Active biomonitoring of a subtropical river using glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and heat shock proteins (HSP 70) in Oreochromis niloticus as surrogate biomarkers of metal contamination

The aim of this study was to establish the level of water quality impairment along a mine effluent receiving river, Pote River in Zimbabwe, using Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) as an indicator organism. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme and heat shock protein (HSP 70) expression in the stomach tissue of Nile tilapia were used as biomarkers of heavy metal pollution. Water and fish samples were collected at three sites in the Pote River. Metal concentration in tilapia tissues and water were measured using flame acetylene absorption spectrophotometry while enzymatic activity was determined using ultra-violet spectrophotometry. The concentration of Ni and Zn in water was significantly high compared to the World Health Organization aquatic effluent standards. Cd and Zn were strongly associated with high GST activity and low HSP 70 protein concentrations in fish tissues. Results of this study show that HSP 70 protein and GST enzyme activity can be useful biomarkers of metal contamination in lotic systems. Keywords : enzymes, biomarkers, heavy metals, Nile tilapia, bioassessment, Pote River
Portable Soft-exoskeleton for Finger Rehabilitation

This project aims to design and develop a soft exoskeleton that can be used for rehabilitation of fingers for injured and stroke patients. It uses electromyography (EMG) signals to detect user's muscular signals, amplify them and actuate solenoid valves to control pneumatic actuators on a wearable glove. Customized pneumatic tubes are used as actuators to bend all hand digits. A Matlab graphical user interface is used for monitoring the EMG signals and a smartphone application allows the fully paralyzed users to move fingers without the need for EMG sensors. They can choose the exercises using their sound hand from their smartphone. This developed device had been able to achieve an accuracy of over 83.33% for moving hand fingers and thumb.
Design techniques for “soft” single-core embedded processors with predictable behaviour and high levels of performance

This thesis is concerned with the design and implementation of single-processor embedded systems which have strict timing constraints. The focus of the work is on the development of systems which are based on the factors that are involved in making the real-time systems unpredictable. Among various other predictability hampering factors, the problem of shared resource access was the main focus of this research. In previous research this has been demonstrated that the time-triggered co-operative schedulers are more reliable in terms of predictability in real-time applications but there are many applications where some level of pre-emption is inevitable. The inclusion of pre-emption when employed in the systems with shared resources shared resources introduces the possibility of deadlock and data corruption, which can – in turn lead to critical errors or complete system failures. Various methods and protocols have been suggested but these solutions can themselves lead to other issues (such as task “priority inversion”). The target systems comprises on FPGAs on which customised techniques were proposed and implemented to avoid the problems of priority inversion in these systems. In this research adaptation of hardware TRAP and a novel hardware technique TRACE are presented. These techniques were used in a soft-core processor to deal with the shared resources to decrease the jitter and increase the performance of these systems. I dedicate this thesis to my parents, wife and daughters