Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case study : dose response of caffeine improves on 20 km handcycling time trial performance in a Paratriathlete

12 Caffeine’s ability to influence upper-body exercise (UBE) endurance performance may be 13 related to an individual’s training status. This case study therefore aimed to investigate the 14 ergogenic effects of caffeine dose on 20 km time trial (TT) performance of an elite male 15 Para-triathlete (wheelchair user) (age 46 y, body mass 76.9 kg, body fat 25.4%, 16 handcycling · VO2 peak 3.45 l∙min). The athlete completed four 20 km handcycling TT’s on a 17 Cyclus II ergometer under laboratory controlled conditions following the ingestion of 2, 4 and 18 6 mg·kg caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA). Blood lactate concentration [Bla], power output 19 (PO), arousal and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Ingestion of 2, 4 and 6 20 mg·kg CAF resulted in TT times which were 2, 1.5 and 2.7% faster than PLA (37:40 21 min:sec). The participant’s [Bla] increased throughout all trials and was greater during CAF 22 compared to PLA. There were no obvious differences in RPE between trials despite different 23 performance times. Baseline arousal scores differed between PLA and 4 mg·kg (‘1-low’), 24 and 2 and 6 mg·kg (‘3-moderate’). Arousal increased at each time-point following the 25 ingestion of 4 and 6 mg·kg. The largest CAF dose resulted in a positive pacing strategy, 26 which when combined with an end spurt resulted in the fastest TT. Caffeine improved 20 km 27 TT performance of an elite male Para-triathlete, which may be related to greater arousal and 28 an increased PO for a given RPE. 29
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of A Selective Second Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate novel solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) of poorly soluble drug Cefuroxime Axetil, a selective second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The liquid SMEDDS consisted of Capryol 90 ® , Labrasol ® , Lutrol E400 and Cefuroxime Axetil. The solid SMEDDS were prepared by adsorption technique using Aerosil 200 ® as solid carrier. The solid SMEDDS were characterised for droplet size, zeta potential, in vitro release, SEM, DSC and XRD studies. The results demonstrated that the solid SMEDDS improve the dissolution profile thereby providing an aid to enhance the bioavailability by spontaneously forming micro emulsion after dilution in gastric fluids in vivo. The results indicate that the solid intermediates of SMEDDS have the potential to greatly enhance the dissolution profile of the poorly solubility drug.
Use Different Dietray Sources Of Energy In Growing Finishing Sheep Rations

Tapioca was including in growing finishing lamb rations for 90 days before marketing ,to study its effect on daily weight gain ,carcass characteristics ,feed intake, Feed conversion and rumen parameters in comparison with barely and corn grains. Invitro and Invivo digestion trials were conducted to study dry matter disappearance and digestion for tapioca, barely and corn. Thirty ossimi lambs were used in feeding trial through which sample were collected to determent digestion coefficient of experimental diets. Results showed no significant differences(P>0.05) among the three foodstuff . Chemical analysis cleared that ash and ADF contents higher for tapioca while its contents of EE and CP lower than barely and corn. Feeding trials were indicated that diets containing tapioca was the greatest value in daily weight gain and dry matter intake(186.60 and 2195.0 (g/ h/d) ) while feed conversion was no significant difference(P>0.05) with experimental diets . Live body weight and carcass weight in diet content tapioca (49.0 and 26.50 kg) were higher than (P<0.05) diet content barely or corn (45.10 and 24.2 or 44.90 and 23.50 kg, respectively). Digestibility indicated that tapioca diet was less DM,OM,ADF and nitrogen than other diets. It was concluded that tapioca can replace barely or corn in growing finishing lamb diets and improve carcass parameters ,average daily gain without adversely affecting daily gain or dry matter intake, with takes economic factors . Finishing Use Different Dietray Sources Of Energy In Growing . Galil H.M. Metwally and Etab, R. I. Abd El [ Sheep Ration. Nature and Science 2011; 9(11):90-96]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub. net
Cancer-testis gene expression as a biomarker of the genetic variation in the one carbon metabolic pathway

S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is the sole methyl donor for all biological reactions in humans. Folate consumption, required for SAM generation, is also essential for dTMP synthesis and both events occur via enzymes of the one-carbon pathway. Frequently occurring alleles of these enzymes have occasionally been associated with several diseases including cancer. However, the cumulative effects of the polymorphic variants of these enzymes on S-adenosylmethionine production have not been studied. The identification of a biomarker that can reflect the collective effect of these allelic variants is critical in moving the field forwards. We hypothesized that Cancer-Testis (CT) genes, whose expression strongly correlates with DNA hypomethylation, could be such a biomarker. In this study, we have pursued an extensive correlation of CT expression and allelic variants of the several one-carbon pathway enzyme genes , including methyltetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MS), reduced folate carrier (RFC) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) in non-small cell lung cancer. Our results revealed linkage disequilibrium among alleles as well as correlations between given genootypes and CT gene expression, and illuminate the critical next steps that need to be pursued.
Resveratrol and exercise ( Review )

Although it is recommended for a healthy lifestyle, moderate exercise is known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle injury. Hence there are efforts to develop dietary strategies to counter the oxidative stress caused by physical activity. Recently, there has been an interest in the capability of resveratrol (RES) to modulate physical performance and prevent oxidative stress. Despite the inconsistency among reports regarding the topic, it has been suggested that RES delays fatigue by hindering lipid peroxidation. It is hypothesized that RES administration produces favorable effects on hepatic cell rejuvenation, exerts a regulatory effect on glucose metabolism, and preserves liver glycogen reserves that are diminished during physical activity. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the association between RES and exercise. The aim of the current review is to interpret the association between RES and exercise.
Results from the Winter Storm Reconnaissance program 2002-2003

The W inter Storm Reconnaissance (W SR) program began in 1999 and has been operational since January 2000. Typically occurring January – March each year, the program has continued to improve forecasts in the 1-4 day lead-time range for high societal impact winter weather events over the continental U.S. (including Alaska) through the application of adaptive observation techniques in data sparse regions over the northeastern Pacific. Past papers have documented forecast improvement during W SR 1999 (Szunyogh et al. 2000), W SR 2000 (Szunyogh et al. 2002), and W SR 2001 (Toth et al. 2002) using measures such as reduction in RMS error for winds and surface pressure over the selected verification regions. About 60-80% of the cases in which adaptive observations were used showed improvement during previous W SR field programs. During 2002, the W SR program deployed additional dropwinsonde observations from the NOAA G-IV and the USAFR C-130 for a total of 20 cases. During 2003, between 18 January – 15 March 2003 observations for a total of 25 cases were collected. This paper will examine the reduction in forecast RMS error due to the inclusion of targeted observations during W SR 2002 and 2003. It will also examine the Equitable Threat Score (ETS) for precipitation. The President’s Day snowstorm of 2003 will also be examined as a case where adaptive observations were used to improve the forecast for a high societal impact weather event.
Visit VR Glasgow - Welcoming multiple visitors to the Virtual City

The development of the Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) for the Internet has resulted in the emergence of a multiplicity of 3D web sites. The metaphor used by these sites varies enormously from virtual galleries to virtual cities and style varies from abstract to reality. Additionally these worlds are populated by virtual objects, some having reactive or interactive properties, including movement, audio, video, databases, artificial intelligence etc. Perhaps the most stimulating embodiment of these new environments are those that offer the participant the opportunity to meet and communicate with other visitors exploring the same virtual space/world. The Glasgow Directory is an established 3D web space, with around 10,000 visitors per year. The model represents approximately 10,000 properties in the city and is populated by contextual information on its culture and socio-economic topography. This paper describes the background to this VR space, and suggests a set of design criteria for successfully deploying multi-user software within this and similar environments. These criteria take into account lessons learned by ‘observing’ and analysing how participants interact with the existing system under different conditions and also what benefits they perceive on entering the environment via the multi-user interface. These recommendations will hopefully be applicable to a wide spectrum of internet virtual environment builders and users.
Place Attachment, Perception of Place and Residents’ Support for Tourism Development

ABSTRACT Although place attachment is a critical factor shaping residents’ attitudes towards tourism development, the relationship between the perceived qualities of a place (place image) and attachment to it has been underexplored within the context of tourism. This study proposes a model which integrates both place attachment and perception of place and examines their effect on the perceived tourism impacts and on residents’ support for tourism development. Findings suggest that (a) place attachment precedes perception of place; (b) perception of place positively affects perceived impacts and (c) perception of impacts positively affects support for tourism development. The study extends prior work on tourism development by incorporating both emotional and physical evaluations of a place when modelling residents’ attitudes towards tourism. The study also offers practical implications that are particularly important for the formation of sustainable tourism development programmes.
A matrix iteration for dynamic network

We propose a new algorithm for summarizing properties of large-scale time-evolving networks. This type of data, recording connections that come and go over time, is being generated in many modern applications, including telecommunications and on-line human social behavior. The algorithm computes a dynamic measure of how well pairs of nodes can communicate by taking account of routes through the network that respect the arrow of time. We take the conventional approach of downweighting for length (messages become corrupted as they are passed along) and add the novel feature of downweighting for age (messages go out of date). This allows us to generalize widely used Katz-style centrality measures that have proved popular in network science to the case of dynamic networks sampled at non-uniform points in time. We illustrate the new approach on synthetic and real data.
A Twin Symbol Encoding Technique Based on Run‐Length for Efficient Test Data Compression

Recent test data compression techniques raise concerns regarding power dissipation and compression efficiency. This letter proposes a new test data compression scheme, twin symbol encoding, that supports block division skills that can reduce hardware overhead. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves both a high compression ratio and low‐power dissipation. Therefore, the proposed scheme is an attractive solution for efficient test data compression.
A Survey Paper on Modified Approach for Kmeans Algorithm

Kmeans type clustering aims at partitioning a data set into clusters such that the objects in a cluster are compact and the objects in different clusters are well separated. However, most kmeans-type clustering algorithms rely on only intracluster compactness while overlooking intercluster separation. A series of new clustering algorithms by extending the existing kmeans-type algorithms is proposed by integrating both intracluster compactness and intercluster separation. First, a set of new objective functions for clustering is developed. Based on these objective functions, the corresponding updating rules for the algorithms are then derived analytically. The new algorithm with new objective function to solve the problem of intracluster compactness and intercluster separation has been proposed. Proposed FCS based algorithm works simultaneously on both i.e. intracluster compactness and intercluster separation and it will give a better performance over existing Kmeans.
The 16S rRNA gene in the study of marine microbial communities

Las nuevas tecnologias de secuenciacion y capacidades analiticas han estimulado el estudio de las comunidades microbianas de ambientes especificos, lo cual ha permitido conocer la complejidad de estos sistemas. El gen ARNr 16S ha demostrado ser de gran utilidad para describir y caracterizar las comunidades microbianas marinas, especialmente los organismos no cultivados. Las nuevas tecnicas d e secuenciacion han contribuido al incremento exponencial de registro de secuencias, aunque parciales, del ARNr 16S como elemento de codigo de barras para microorganismos. Consecuentemente, ha sido necesaria una revision de conceptos y metodos de clasificacion taxonomica para estos organismos. El manejo y analisis de una gran cantidad de informacion genica han impulsado el desarrollo de bases de datos especificas, algoritmos y herramientas computaci onales especializadas para comparar miles de secuencias semejantes y hacer la asignacion taxonomica. Por lo tanto, las secuencias completas del ARNr 16S son necesarias para una asignacion taxonomica certera y reproducible en los estudios de comunidades microbianas marinas
Carbonate Sample Preparation for 14C Dating Using an Elemental Analyzer

Radiocarbon dating of carbonates is of increasing importance for archaeology and climate research. Like most samples, these usually require pretreatment to remove surface contamination. We studied several pretreatment techniques using snails and shells of different stages of preservation and sensitivity to dissolution during the acid step of the pretreatment. We find that simple acid treatment leads to reliable results, and is applicable especially to very fragile specimens. We also compare conversion of calcite using an elemental analyzer (EA) to the conventional acid dissolution technique.
Inverse finite element characterization of soft tissues with aspiration experiments

In this thesis a method for the determination of material model parameters for biological soft tissues is presented. The requirement of in-vivo applicability of the method led to the development of a tissue aspiration instrument. The aspiration instrument was developed by Vladimir Vuskovic at the Institute of Robotics, whereas this work is mainly concerned with the continuum mechanical modelling of the soft tissues, the robust determination of the corresponding material model parameters, and their validity under more general loading conditions. In the first part of this thesis an explicit axisymmetric finite element formulation for the simulation of the aspiration experiment is derived and implemented. The nearly incompressible material behaviour of soft biological tissues results in very small time steps of the explicit integration and thus in computationally expensive simulations. The quasi-static character of the aspiration experiment is used advantageously to accelerate the simulations by artificially increasing the material density. The finite element code was integrated into an optimization algorithm. The optimization algorithm allows to fit unknown material parameters entering the finite element simulation to experimental reference data. Soft biological tissues are modelled as isotropic, viscoelastic, non-linear, and nearly incompressible. The continuum mechanical hyperelastic models employed are standard models in the field of biomechanics. Viscoelasticity is accounted for by a quasi-linear formulation. In view of the twodimensional data available from the experiments, the huge computational effort, that would be connected with a three-dimensional simulation, and the large increase in the number of unknown material parameters the soft tissue models are restricted to isotropic behaviour. The friction in the contact zone of the tissue with the aspiration tube proved to play an important role for the determination of the material parameters. Experiments with a simple “tribometer” for the assessment of the respective friction coefficient posed many difficulties. In numerical studies the influence of the friction coefficient on the parameter determination process was studied. As a result of these studies it is recommended to increase the friction in the aspiration experiment as much as possible to ensure sticking of the tissue to the surface of the aspiration tube. Numerical studies of the convergence properties of the optimization
SAND 2012-4060 Unlimited Release Printed May , 2012 Evaluating Operating System Vulnerability to Memory Errors

Reliability is of great concern to the scalability of extreme-scale systems. Of particular concern are soft errors in main memory, which are a leading cause of failures on current systems and are predicted to be the leading cause on future systems. While great effort has gone into designing algorithms and applications that can continue to make progress in the presence of these errors without restarting, the most critical software running on a node, the operating system (OS), is currently left relatively unprotected. OS resiliency is of particular importance because, though this software typically represents a small footprint of a compute
Redistribution and Fiscal Policy

This paper studies the optimal behavior of a democratic government in its use of fiscal policies to redistribute income. I present a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents to analyze (1) the differences between the effects on the optimal tax rate of permanent and nonpermanent perturbations and (2) the relationship between initial inequality and both steady-state levy and income distribution. In addition, the optimal fiscal policy for the transition is calculated. The analysis leads me to three main conclusions. First, there are no important differences between how taxes respond to a permanent or nonpermanent perturbation. Second, the initial inequality has a huge effect on both actual levy and actual income distribution. And finally, the Chari, Christiano, and Kehoe (1992) result, i.e., taxes on labor are roughly constant over the business cycle, holds only if the productivity ratio is constant. In addition, the model implies a positive correlation between inequality and tax rate, just as in the basic literature.
Automatic Segmentation of Femur Bone Features and Analysis of Osteoporosis

This paper mainly focuses on diagnosing the osteoporosis using X-Ray images. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease which is characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person in to an increased risk of fracture. It is most common in women after menopause where it is called post menopausal osteoporosis. The condition of Osteoporosis are decrease in the bone density, decrease in the bone strength resulting in fragile bones and susceptibility to fracture. In clinical practice, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning is the most common way of measuring BMD levels and it is the current gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring the osteoporosis. In DEXA scanning, the method of comparing individual BMD measurements to the normal is called the 'T-score' system. This project work presents an efficient method to diagnose the osteoporosis by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD) of segmented femur bone parts with the help of X-Rays images and also compare the bone mineral density obtained from the DEXA scan with the density obtained from the conventional X- rays.
Glycogen in Phycomyces blakesleeanus : influence of growth conditions and nutrient limitation

Summary: The accumulation and mobilization of glycogen have been measured in Phycomyces blakesleeanus subjected to a variety of environmental and nutritional conditions. Depending on the conditions and the stage in the life cycle, glycogen represented from 10% to less than 1% of the dry weight of the mycelia. Maximum values were observed during the exponential growth phase irrespective of the carbon source used. The highest glycogen levels were detected with 2% (w/v) sorbitol as carbon source. A low glycogen content was present during growth on acetate. In these cultures glycogen was presumably synthesized from glyoxylate-dependent metabolites. Glycogen accumulated in cultures deprived specifically of nitrogen or phosphorus in the presence of an excess of a usable carbon source, suggesting that reserve carbohydrate accumulation is a general response to nutrient limitation. However, temporary starvation caused by removal of glucose or by transfer to media with relatively poor carbon sources such as acetate led to mobilization of glycogen in the mycelia. During sporulation the disappearance of glycogen was almost complete.
Interactive comment on “ Identifying environmental controls on vegetation greenness phenology through model-data integration ” by M . Forkel et al

We agree with the referee that our manuscript is full of comparisons and includes many figures. However, we think these comparisons are needed and should be also part of the publication. LPJ is a widely used dynamic global vegetation model that is applied in several fields. Replacing a core module as phenology of such a model requires 1) a detailed model evaluation to quantify the impact of the changed model structure on model outputs and 2) to ensure that model results are comparable with observations. Thus, we are evaluating LPJmL against independent data streams (biomass, tree cover, ET). Additionally, we are evaluating LPJmL against seasonal, monthly, inter-annual FAPAR dynamics and trends to demonstrate the applicability of LPJmL in diagnosing FAPAR dynamics on different time scales.
Extracellular Thermostable Polygalacturonase from Bacillus sp. AD 1

The production of polygalacturonase (PG ase) by a locally isolated aerobic bacterium, Bacillus sp. in submerged fermentation (SmF) was optimized. The effects of the fermentation parameters namely initial pH, temperature, cultivation time and nitrogen source on enzyme production were studied using both pure pectin and citrus wastes as the sole carbon source. Polygalacturonase from the strain was maximally secreted at 37°C, initial pH 7.0 with 0.15% (w/v) of pure pectin as sole carbon source. Among citrus wastes, 1% (w/v) orange peel and lemon peel gave the most promising results at pH 7 and 5 respectively. Tryptone was found to be the best nitrogen source for enzyme synthesis. Under optimized conditions, highest PG ase production was achieved at 24th hour, at mid stationary phase of growth of the strain. The enzyme was extremely thermostable and 75% of the activity was restored even after the exposure of the enzyme protein at 80°Cfor 90 minutes. The enzyme was 86% stable in a broad range of pH of 4 to 9. The PG ase activity was found to increase in presence of Mn2+ and also by addition of exogenous thiols like DTT, Cysteine, GSH indicating the presence of thiol groups at the active site.