Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sirt7 inhibits Sirt1-mediated activation of Suv39h1

ABSTRACT Sirtuins regulate a variety of cellular processes through protein deacetylation. The best-known member of mammalian sirtuin family, Sirt1, plays important roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by regulating cell metabolism, differentiation and stress responses, among others. Sirt1 activity requires tight regulation to meet specific cellular requirements, which is achieved at different levels and by specific mechanisms. Recently, a regulatory loop between Sirt1 and another sirtuin, Sirt7, was identified. Sirt7 inhibits Sirt1 autodeacetylation at K230 and activation thereby preventing Sirt1-mediated repression of adipocyte differentiation by inhibition of the PPARγ gene. Here, we extend the regulatory complexity of Sirt7-dependent restriction of Sirt1 activity by demonstrating that Sirt7 reduces activation of a previously described prominent Sirt1 target, the histone methyltransferase Suv39h1. We show that removal of the acetyl-group at K230 in Sirt1 due to the absence of Sirt7 leads to hyperactivation of Sirt1 and thereby to constantly increased activity of Suv39h1.
Accuracy of pen‐type laser fluorescence device and radiographic methods in detecting approximal carious lesions in primary teeth – an in vivo study

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of approximal lesions is limited due to the difficulty of direct examination of these areas. AIM To determine the accuracy of pen-type laser fluorescence (LFpen) device, compared to digital bitewing (BW) radiography, in diagnosing approximal carious lesions in posterior primary teeth at cavitation and non-cavitation thresholds. DESIGN A total of 46 children (aged 3-9 years) were assessed and 195 approximal surfaces of 184 primary molars were examined by digital BW and LFpen. Visual-tactile inspection based on the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) was used as the reference standard. All examinations were performed by the same examiner. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between LFpen and BW readings and the reference standard. RESULTS Sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 81.8, 86.7, and 0.84 for BW and 49.1, 87.9, and 0.69 for LFpen both at non-cavitation thresholds. At cavitation thresholds, BW showed higher specificity (96.0), sensitivity (93.0), and AUC (0.98) than did LFpen (72.0, 86.9, and 0.82, respectively), but a lower correlation was indicated by LFpen readings. CONCLUSION Bitewing had a better diagnostic accuracy and significantly outperformed LFpen in the detection of non-cavitated lesions. Similar results were obtained by the two methods at the cavitation threshold.
Exploring the Quality of Anticoagulant Prescribed for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation at the St John of God Hawkesbury District Health Centre, New South Wales, Australia

Background: Limited data are available on the clinical management of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its outcomes from an Australian perspective. Objective: To describe the appropriateness of antithrombotic prescribing for patients who presented with a diagnosis of AF to the Hawkesbury St John of God Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed patients admitted to St John of God Hawkesbury Hospital with AF between June 2016 and June 2017. We calculated stroke risk using the CHA2DS2-VASc score based on medical records and reviewed the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescribing compared to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Patients were excluded if they had only 1 episode of AF that reverted either spontaneously or upon cardioversion without any documented recurrences. Results: A total of 200 patients (18 years) were included, with 180 (90%) deemed eligible for anticoagulation. Of these 72.8% (n = 131) were prescribed an OAC. A total of 40.0% of patients at low risk of stroke and 68.4% at intermediate risk were prescribed an OAC, respectively. Apixaban was the direct OAC of choice with 36.6% of patients prescribed an OAC receiving apixaban. Warfarin was prescribed for 25.1% of the patients who were prescribed an OAC. Conclusions: The underutilization of anticoagulant medication in high-risk groups and over utilization in low-risk groups remains an ongoing issue in contemporary AF management, and it highlights the need to improve AF-related stroke prevention in our jurisdiction.
Chemical and dynamical impacts of stratospheric sudden warmings on Arctic ozone variability

We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model with Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields to quantify heterogeneous chemical ozone loss in Arctic winters 2005–2015. Comparisons to Aura Microwave Limb Sounder N2O and O3 observations show the GMI simulation credibly represents the transport processes and net heterogeneous chemical loss necessary to simulate Arctic ozone. We find that the maximum seasonal ozone depletion varies linearly with the number of cold days and with wave driving (eddy heat flux) calculated from MERRA fields. We use this relationship and MERRA temperatures to estimate seasonal ozone loss from 1993 to 2004 when inorganic chlorine levels were in the same range as during the Aura period. Using these loss estimates and the observed March mean 63–90°N column O3, we quantify the sensitivity of the ozone dynamical resupply to wave driving, separating it from the sensitivity of ozone depletion to wave driving. The results show that about 2/3 of the deviation of the observed March Arctic O3 from an assumed climatological mean is due to variations in O3 resupply and 1/3 is due to depletion. Winters with a stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) before mid‐February have about 1/3 the depletion of winters without one and export less depletion to the midlatitudes. However, a larger effect on the spring midlatitude ozone comes from dynamical differences between warm and cold Arctic winters, which can mask or add to the impact of exported depletion.
Nasalisation in the Production of Iraqi Arabic Pharyngeals

Abstract Aim: This paper presents the auditory and acoustic investigations of pharyngeal consonants in Iraqi Arabic (IA). While the contested place and manner of articulation of these sounds have been the subject of investigation in many studies, the focus here is novel: we set out to investigate the extent to which pharyngeals in IA are accompanied by auditory nasalisation and how widespread the effect is across oral and nasal contexts. Methods: Auditory and acoustic properties of nasalization, as produced by nine male speakers of IA, were investigated in target words with oral, nasal, and pharyngeal environments. Results: When combined with oral consonants, pharyngeals exhibit little or no nasalisation; however, when pharyngeal are combined with nasals, they exhibit various degrees of nasalisation, sometimes beyond what is found for a nasal environment alone. This is especially so for voiced pharyngeals, which display more nasalisation than their voiceless counterparts. A principle component analysis combining all the acoustic correlates examined demonstrates a definite contribution of pharyngeals to the presence of nasalisation. Conclusion: The epilaryngeal constriction and variability in the articulation of pharyngeals are thought to be responsible for the nasalisation effect and may act as potential drivers for sound change in IA pharyngeals.
POFA trial study protocol: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing opioid-free versus opioid anaesthesia on postoperative opioid-related adverse events after major or intermediate non-cardiac surgery

Introduction Reducing opioid consumption during and after surgery has been recommended for more than 10 years. Opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) is a multimodal anaesthesia associating hypnotics, NMDA antagonists, local anaesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs and α-2 agonists. Proofs of the effect of OFA on reducing opioid-related adverse effects after major or intermediate non-cardiac surgery are still scarce. We hypothesised that the reduced opioid consumption allowed by OFA compared with standard of care will be associated with a reduction of postoperative opioid-related adverse events. Methods/analysis The POFA trial is a prospective, randomised, parallel, single-blind, multicentre study of 400 patients undergoing elective intermediate or major non-cardiac surgery. Patients will be randomly allocated to receive either a standard anaesthesia protocol or an OFA. The primary outcome measure is the occurrence of a severe postoperative opioid-related adverse event within the first 48 hours after extubation defined as: postoperative hypoxaemia or postoperative ileus or postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In addition, each component of the primary outcome measure will be analysed separately. Data will be analysed on the intention-to-treat principle and a per-protocol basis. Ethics and dissemination The POFA trial has been approved by an independent ethics committee for all study centres. Participant recruitment begins in November 2017. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals. Trial registration number NCT03316339; Pre-results.
AVtrack360: an open dataset and software recording people's head rotations watching 360° videos on an HMD

In this paper, we present a viewing test with 48 subjects watching 20 different entertaining omnidirectional videos on an HTC Vive Head Mounted Display (HMD) in a task-free scenario. While the subjects were watching the contents, we recorded their head movements. The obtained dataset is publicly available in addition to the links and timestamps of the source contents used. Within this study, subjects were also asked to fill in the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) after every viewing session. Within this paper, at first SSQ results are presented. Several methods for evaluating head rotation data are presented and discussed. In the course of the study, the collected dataset is published along with the scripts for evaluating the head rotation data. The paper presents the general angular ranges of the subjects' exploration behavior as well as an analysis of the areas where most of the time was spent. The collected information can be presented as head-saliency maps, too. In case of videos, head-saliency data can be used for training saliency models, as information for evaluating decisions during content creation, or as part of streaming solutions for region-of-interest-specific coding as with the latest tile-based streaming solutions, as discussed also in standardization bodies such as MPEG.
Moderation of improvement in self-efficacy following group psychotherapy for PTSD.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a primary mental health concern of veterans. In clinical settings, efforts to improve broad facets beyond symptom amelioration and consideration of moderators of treatment effectiveness in this population are needed for continued improvement in care. General self-efficacy (GSE) has been indicated as a useful treatment target because of its association with positive outcomes such as increased positive health behaviors. Both race and educational attainment represent potential moderators of treatment response that are relevant for a veteran PTSD population. This study aimed to determine whether a PTSD Recovery Group Therapy Program resulted in improvement in GSE and whether racial and educational differences moderated GSE outcomes. Archival data were examined from male veterans (N = 450) receiving mental health services at a Veterans Affairs medical center using multilevel modeling to examine change in GSE over the course of treatment as well as moderation of change in GSE as a function of race and educational attainment. After completion of group therapy, results indicated there was significant improvement in GSE, with significantly different improvement based on education. Higher levels of education were associated with greater increases in GSE after treatment. Improvement in GSE did not differ by participant race. In clinical settings, efforts to increase GSE and attending to moderators such as educational attainment may be useful for improving PTSD treatment approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record
Shedding of CD16 disassembles the NK cell immune synapse and boosts serial engagement of target cells

Natural Killer (NK) cells can engage multiple virally infected or tumor cells sequentially and deliver perforin for cytolytic killing of these targets. Using microscopy to visualize degranulation from individual NK cells, we found that repeated activation via the Fc receptor CD16 decreased the amount of perforin secreted. However, perforin secretion was restored upon subsequent activation via a different activating receptor, NKG2D. Repeated stimulation via NKG2D also decreased perforin secretion, but this was not rescued by stimulation via CD16. These different outcomes of sequential stimulation could be accounted for by shedding of CD16 being triggered by cellular activation. The use of pharmacological inhibitors and NK cells transfected to express a noncleavable form of CD16 revealed that CD16 shedding also increased NK cell motility and facilitated detachment of NK cells from target cells. Disassembly of the immune synapse caused by CD16 shedding aided NK cell survival and boosted serial engagement of target cells. Thus, counterintuitively, shedding of CD16 may positively impact immune responses.
Insulin stimulus‐secretion coupling is triggered by a novel thiazolidinedione/sulfonylurea hybrid in rat pancreatic islets

New compounds with promising antidiabetic activity were synthesized. For the first time, a portion of the glibenclamide molecule was bound to a part of the core structure of thiazolidinedione to evaluate insulin secretagogue activity. Following studies in our laboratory, 4‐{2‐[2‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐oxo‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐3‐yl]ethyl}benzene‐1‐sulfonamide (DTEBS) was selected to evaluate glycemia using the glucose tolerance test and insulin secretagogue activity by E.L. I.S. A. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied by 45Ca2+ influx and whole‐cell patch‐clamp in rat pancreatic isolated islets. Furthermore, AGE formation in vitro was investigated. We herein show that this novel hybrid compound (DTEBS) exhibits an insulinogenic index and a profile of serum insulin secretion able to maintain glucose homeostasis. Its mechanism of action is mediated by ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP) and L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels (VDCC) and by activating protein kinase C and A (PKC and PKA). In addition, the stimulatory action of the compound on calcium influx and insulin secretion indicates that the potentiation of voltage‐sensitive K+ currents (Kv) is due to the repolarization phase of the action potential after secretagogue excitation‐secretion in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, under these experimental conditions, the compound did not induce toxicity and the in vitro late response of the compound to protein glycation reinforces its use to prevent complications of diabetes. DTEBS exerts an insulin secretagogue effect by triggering KATP, VDCC, and Kv ionic currents, possibly via PKC and PKA pathway signal transduction, in beta‐cells. Furthermore, DTEBS may hold potential for delaying the late complications of diabetes.
HEAT INDUCIBLE LIPASE1 Remodels Chloroplastic Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol by Liberating α-Linolenic Acid in Arabidopsis Leaves under Heat Stress[OPEN]

HEAT INDUCIBLE LIPASE1 mitigates heat stress in Arabidopsis leaves and plays an important role in the turnover of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol in chloroplasts under heat stress. Under heat stress, polyunsaturated acyl groups, such as α-linolenate (18:3) and hexadecatrienoate (16:3), are removed from chloroplastic glycerolipids in various plant species. Here, we showed that a lipase designated HEAT INDUCIBLE LIPASE1 (HIL1) induces the catabolism of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Using thermotolerance tests, a T-DNA insertion mutant with disrupted HIL1 was shown to have a heat stress-sensitive phenotype. Lipidomic analysis indicated that the decrease of 34:6-MGDG under heat stress was partially impaired in the hil1 mutant. Concomitantly, the heat-induced increment of 54:9-triacylglycerol in the hil1 mutant was 18% lower than that in the wild-type plants. Recombinant HIL1 protein digested MGDG to produce 18:3-free fatty acid (18:3-FFA), but not 18:0- and 16:0-FFAs. A transient assay using fluorescent fusion proteins confirmed chloroplastic localization of HIL1. Transcriptome coexpression network analysis using public databases demonstrated that the HIL1 homolog expression levels in various terrestrial plants are tightly associated with chloroplastic heat stress responses. Thus, HIL1 encodes a chloroplastic MGDG lipase that releases 18:3-FFA in the first committed step of 34:6 (18:3/16:3)-containing galactolipid turnover, suggesting that HIL1 has an important role in the lipid remodeling process induced by heat stress in plants.
Examining the factor structure of the Motives for Playing Drinking Games measure among Australian university students

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Given the prevalence of drinking games among university students and the health risks associated with playing drinking games, it is important to consider motivations for participation. The psychometric properties of the Motives for Playing Drinking Games (MPDG) measure have been examined among US college student samples, but mixed findings have been reported regarding the number of factors in the measure. This is the first study to examine the factor structure and applicability of the MPDG measure among a sample of Australian university students. DESIGN AND METHODS University students (N = 254; aged 18-46 years; 62% female) with prior drinking experience completed an online survey which included questions pertaining to demographics, drinking game frequency and consumption, drinking game consequences and the MPDG measure. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the originally proposed 8-factors within the MPDG measure were problematic in the current sample and a revised 7-factor solution was preferred. Analyses examining the relations of the revised 7 MPDG factors with drinking game behaviours (e.g. gaming-specific consequences and amount consumed during play) highlighted the importance of some MPDG (enhancement/thrills, conformity and sexual pursuit motives). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While the MPDG measure shows promise for assessing drinking game-specific motives, the need to consider the applicability of MPDG subscales across different samples was apparent.
Disruption of divisome assembly rescued by FtsN–FtsA interaction in Escherichia coli

Significance Cell division in Escherichia coli requires 12 essential proteins that assemble into the divisome in a sequential manner. Assembly starts with formation of the Z-ring and culminates with the arrival of FtsN, which triggers septal peptidoglycan synthesis. Normally, deletion of any of these 12 proteins disrupts divisome assembly and results in a division block. However, about half of these proteins can be bypassed under some conditions, raising a question of how the divisome assembles under such conditions. Here we show that these bypasses require the interaction of FtsA with FtsN and that this normally weak interaction is enhanced under these conditions, leading to the back-recruitment of the other divisome proteins to the Z-ring. Cell division requires the assembly of a protein complex called the divisome. The divisome assembles in a hierarchical manner, with FtsA functioning as a hub to connect the Z-ring with the rest of the divisome and FtsN arriving last to activate the machine to synthesize peptidoglycan. FtsEX arrives as the Z-ring forms and acts on FtsA to initiate recruitment of the other divisome components. In the absence of FtsEX, recruitment is blocked; however, a multitude of conditions allow FtsEX to be bypassed. Here, we find that all such FtsEX bypass conditions, as well as the bypass of FtsK, depend upon the interaction of FtsN with FtsA, which promotes the back-recruitment of the late components of the divisome. Furthermore, our results suggest that these bypass conditions enhance the weak interaction of FtsN with FtsA and its periplasmic partners so that the divisome proteins are brought to the Z-ring when the normal hierarchical pathway is disrupted.
Temporal and Vertical Variation in Microbial Community Composition in Response to Physicochemical Characteristics in a Water Column of Highly Eutrophied Jinhae Bay, South Korea

Microbial communities play an essential role in marine biogeochemical cycles. Physical and biogeochemical changes in Jinhae Bay, the most anthropogenically eutrophied bay on the coasts of South Korea, are well described, but less is known about the associated changes in microbial communities. Temporal and vertical variation in microbial communities at three depths (surface, middle, and bottom) at seven time points (June to December) at the J1 sampling site were investigated on the MiSeq platform based on the 16S rRNA gene. Overall, the microbial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes from June to November, whereas Firmicutes were dominant in December, especially in the middle and bottom layers. The results indicate that the microbial community composition strongly varied with temporal changes in the physicochemical water properties. Moreover, the community composition differed markedly between the surface and middle layers and the bottom layer in the summer, when the water column was strongly stratified and bottom water hypoxia developed. A redundancy analysis suggested a significant correlation between physicochemical variables (i.e., temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration) and microbial community composition. This study indicates that temporal changes in water conditions and eutrophication-induced hypoxia effectively shape the structure of the microbial community.
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short-Form in Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE This study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short-Form in patients with cancer. METHODS The original scale was translated into Korean using Brislin's translation model. The Korean Short-Form and the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General were administered to 164 Korean patients with cancer using convenience sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Construct validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency reliability of the Korean Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short-Form were evaluated. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a four-factor solution that explained 60.6% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the 15 items on the four subscales ranged . 52~. 86. The four-subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (Normed χ²=1.38 (p =.013), GFI=. 92, SRMR=. 02, RMSEA=. 05, TLI=. 94, and CFI=. 95), and criterion validity was demonstrated with the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency of the total scale was . 83 and ranged . 68~. 81 for all subscales, demonstrating sufficient test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION The Korean version showed satisfactory construct and criterion validity, as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability.