Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of phytopharmaceuticals for prevention and cure of diseases

Plants have been used for thousands of years to treat various health disorders and to prevent diseases including epidemics. Over the centuries within and among human communities, the knowledge of their healing properties has been transmitted. Attention has been drawn towards the studies on the potential antimicrobial activity of plant-derived substances by pharmaceutical and scientific communities, due to the challenge of growing incidence of drug-resistant pathogens. Recently, focus has been established on the effect of the plant extracts in terms of their microstatic and microcidal action and the spectrum of organism which has enabled exploitation of plants for the treatment of microbial infections in the development of new antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial action of the plant extract is largely dependent on the techniques employed in the investigations and conclusive results can only be obtained, if methods are standardized and universal. This review focuses on medicinal plants and their active compounds as a useful source of antimicrobial agents and current methods used in the investigation of the efficacy of plants as antimicrobial agents.
Reduction in Butanol Inhibition by Perstraction: Utilization of Concentrated Lactose/Whey Permeate by Clostridium acetobutylicum to Enhance Butanol Fermentation Economics

Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) were produced from whey permeate medium, supplemented with lactose, in a batch reactor using Clostridium acetobutylicum P262, coupled with ABE removal by perstraction. ABE (98.97 gL21) were produced from lactose (227 gL21) at a yield of 0.44 and productivity of 0.21 gL21h21. It should be noted that the ratio of acids to solvents was significantly lower in the perstraction experiment compared to the control batch process suggesting that acids were converted to solvents. The perstraction experiment results are superior to the control batch fermentation where 9.34 gL21 ABE was produced. It was determined that lactose at 250 gL21 was a strong inhibitor to the cell growth of C. acetobutylicum and fermentation. A membrane with an area of 0.1130 m2 was used as the perstraction membrane while oleyl alcohol as the perstraction solvent. Removal of ABE by perstraction was faster than their production in the reactor, and the maximum concentration of ABE in the oleyl alcohol was 9.75 gL21. It is viewed that recovery of ABE from oleyl alcohol (at this concentration) would be more economical than recovery from the fermentation broth. It is suggested that a new membrane be developed which can offer a higher ABE flux. Alternately, silicalite membranes that were successfully developed for pervaporation could be used for perstraction. Using such an integrated system would reduce process streams and save significant processing costs. It is also viewed that the process of concentrated lactose-whey permeate fermentation to butanol can be adapted in he existing solvent fermentation industries without making significant changes.
Phytochemcal Screening and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Aqeous-Methanolic Extract Tridax procumbens

Tridax procumbens leaves have popular folkloric ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of many diseases especially among the South-Western people of Nigeria. The present study was undertaken to find the antioxidant value of aqeous-methanolic extract of Tridax procumbens leaf by investigating its phytochemicals and invitro antioxidant potentials.Antioxidant activity of extract was screened for by measuring its total flavonoid and total phenol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing property. Phytochemical screening was carried out on extract by standard method. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. The total phenol and flavonoid contents are 144.18mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 256.858mg Quercetin equivalent/g extract respectively. The extract showed considerably high and dosedependent DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing property comparable with the respective standards, Quercetin and Ascorbic acid. The results of this study reveal that Tridax procumbens leaf extract possess significant antioxidant properties and could be exploited as source of antioxidant additives.
Working Paper n o 942 Neural Nets for Indirect Inference

For simulable models, neural networks are used to approximate the limited information posterior mean, which conditions on a vector of statistics, rather than on the full sample. Because the model is simulable, training and testing samples may be generated with sizes large enough to train well a net that is large enough, in terms of number of hidden layers and neurons, to learn the limited information posterior mean with good accuracy. Targeting the limited information posterior mean using neural nets is simpler, faster, and more successful than is targeting the full information posterior mean, which conditions on the observed sample. The output of the trained net can be used directly as an estimator of the model’s parameters, or as an input to subsequent classical or Bayesian indirect inference estimation. Examples of indirect inference based on the output of the net include a small dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, estimated using both classical indirect inference methods and approximate Bayesian computing (ABC) methods, and a continuous time jump-diffusion model for stock index returns, estimated using ABC.
Scalable Key Termed Based Search System : Experimental Results and Analysis

Now a day, internet based applications are very popular and data on internet is massive and growing tremendously. Different methods are used for finding several data on internet, among which keyword find has definite to be a influential method to find out and get better information online as facts by several Internet search engines. Various techniques have been designed and executed, but even if various methods are available, there is difficulty that severe lack of normalization for system evaluations. But, many common information management systems do not maintain the familiar keyword search interface that people at this time need. Web sites, corporations, and governments all use relational databases to handling information, but keyword search in relational databases is complicated by reason of data transformations that dismiss redundancy and ensure consistency. The proposed system planned a thorough performance evaluation of keyword search over relational systems. The proposed system engages different additional approach for searching keywords from relational databases. Particularly, memory consumption describes a variety of procedures from being scaled from few datasets to thousands of vertices in database. The proposed system also decides the relationship or performance on basis of execution time and other evaluation factors . Thus the system calculates the performance for keyword search over relational databases and in that way helps in investigative the relation between the keyword search execution time against the a variety of factors like number of terms, frequency of search. Existing relational keyword search systems need extra execution time. So, the performance of existing relational keyword search systems is undesirable. The major reason behind this paper is to center of attention on evaluation of keyword search techniques inside relational database and to intend new schemes which assist to get better search efficiency. This implementation of our system presents betters user interaction and organization to categorize both the objective behind queries and the expression of this intent.
Comparison of 18 , 000 De Novo Assembled Chimpanzee Contigs to the Human Genome Yields Average BLASTN Alignment Identities of 84 %

In a previous 2016 study aligning Sanger-style chimpanzee genomic trace reads (mean length = 704 bases) to the human genome, it was determined that chimpanzee DNA was not more than 85% similar to human. To further investigate the issue of human-chimpanzee genome similarity using higher quality DNA sequence, 18,000 de novo assembled contigs (constructed with Sanger style reads, Illumina short reads, and PacBio long reads) downloaded from NCBI having an average length of 30,913 bases were queried against the human genome using the BLASTN algorithm with gap extension. The alignments averaged 10,508 bases in length with a nucleotide identity of 84%. The contigs were also queried against the panTro4 and panTro5 versions of the chimpanzee genome yielding alignment identities of 92% and 100%, respectively. Results from this study not only negate the concept of the 98.5% DNA similarity myth, but highlight the extremely flawed and humanized nature of the panTro4 version of the chimpanzee genome and its predecessors that are widely used to support the human evolution paradigm. ISSN: 1937-9056 Copyright © 2018 Answers in Genesis, Inc. All content is owned by Answers in Genesis (“AiG”) unless otherwise indicated. AiG consents to unlimited copying and distribution of print copies of Answers Research Journal articles for non-commercial, non-sale purposes only, provided the following conditions are met: the author of the article is clearly identified; Answers in Genesis is acknowledged as the copyright owner; Answers Research Journal and its website, www.answersresearchjournal. org, are acknowledged as the publication source; and the integrity of the work is not compromised in any way. For website and other electronic distribution and publication, AiG consents to republication of article abstracts with direct links to the full papers on the ARJ website. All rights reserved. For more information write to: Answers in Genesis, PO Box 510, Hebron, KY 41048, Attn: Editor, Answers Research Journal. The views expressed are those of the writer(s) and not necessarily those of the Answers Research Journal Editor or of Answers in Genesis.
Extending Private-Collective Innovation: A Case Study

The private-collective innovation model proposes incentives for individuals and firms to privately invest resources to create public goods innovations. Such innovations are characterized by non-rivalry and non-exclusivity in consumption. Examples include open source software, user-generated media products, drug formulas, and sport equipment designs. There is still limited empirical research on private-collective innovation. We present a case study to (1) provide empirical evidence of a case of private-collective innovation, showing specific benefits, and (2) to extend the private-collective innovation model by analyzing the hidden costs for the company involved. We examine the development of the Nokia Internet Tablet, which builds on both proprietary and open source software development, and that involves both Nokia developers and volunteers who are not employed by the company. Seven benefits for Nokia are identified, as are five hidden costs: difficulty to differentiate, guarding business secrets, reducing community entry barriers, giving up control, and organizational inertia. We examine the actions taken by the management to mitigate these costs throughout the development period.
CLUTTER MODELLING AND CANCELLATION IN SAR IMAGES : APPLICATION TO MSTAR DATA

In this work, several cancellation techniques for undesired clutter in various SAR images are presented. As a good example of SAR imagery, publicly released MSTAR images are taken as the practical application. The modelling of clutter is done by probabilistic approach. Target detection techniques including CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) is applied. To find the best fit for the background clutter, higher-order statistics are implemented and various distributions from Rayleigh to Weibull are tested. By using adaptive threshold CFAR detectors MSTAR targets are effectively segmented from clutter backgrounds.
The occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus and Apple stem grooving virus within field-grown apple cultivars evaluated by RT-PCR.

K���� J.K. (2003): The occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus and Apple stem grooving virus within field-grown apple cultivars evaluated by RT-PCR. Plant Protect. Sci., 39: 88–92. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was successfully used to determine the occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) in field-grown apple cultivars. Both viruses were detected frequently in all 16 tested apple cultivars. As many as 27.86% ASPV-infected and 44% ASGV-infected trees were recorded among a total of 420 tested trees from 15 different orchards. Mixed infection with ASGV and ASPV was recorded in 16.7% of the trees.
Alleviation of Oxidative Stress by Using Olive Pomace in Crossbred ( Brown Swiss X Baladi ) Calves Under Hot Environmental Conditions

Ten female crossbred (Brown Swiss X Baladi ) calves , 8 – 10 months old with average live body weight of 112 kg at the beginning of experimental period were used to investigate the effect of olive pomace (OP) supplementation which contains phenolic compounds on oxidant and antioxidant agents and some blood constituents, and its relation with growth performance in heat stressed calves. The animals were maintained under hot summer environmental conditions, where, ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 37.48°C ± 0.32 and 64.58 % ± 0.77, (equivalent to THI 91) during day, and 28.38 °C ± 0.22 and 78.23 % ± 0.69, (equivalent to THI 80) during night, respectively. The animals were divided into two equal groups (5 calves each). The first group )control( received 0 % OP of the concentrate mixture, while, the second group )treated) received 15 % OP of the concentrate mixture, for two months. Body weight of calves was recorded twice at the beginning and at the end of experimental period, and daily gain was calculated for each animal. Blood samples were taken from each animal at the end of experimental period to determine antioxidant and oxidant indices, some blood constituents and T3 concentration. Our results showed that supplementation of OP significantly increased antioxidant status including catalase enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, uric acid as a non-enzymatic antioxidant and copper as a specific antioxidant protecting macromolecules. Moreover, OP significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation marker, iron concentration which act as a pro-oxidant, lipids profile including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL – cholesterol), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL – cholesterol), triglycerides and phospholipids. Also, OP caused a significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea-N concentrations as well as AST activity. However, OP significantly elevated T3 level, and improved feed efficiency and daily gain. It can be concluded that supplementation of OP at the level of 15 % of concentrate mixture under Egyptian hot summer environmental conditions reduced the negative effect of oxidative stress as shown by significantly improving antioxidant status, most blood constituents and T3 level as well as growth performance in growing crossbred calves.
Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on Coral Distribution at Onshore and Offshore Reefs Along the Egyptian Coast, Red Sea

Using SCUBA diving, Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and under water digital camera coral distribution at onshore and offshore reefs was surveyed in respect to the effect of anthropogenic activities. Four sites were selected during this study. The onshore sites comprised Ras Gharib Petroleum Company (site 1), impacted by oil pollution, and Old Al-Qusyer Harbour (site 2) impacted by phosphate shipping. While, the offshore sites were chosen at Small Gifton Island (site 3), and Abu Ramad Island (site 4); each was impacted by diving activities. The present results showed that, 70 species belonging to 23 genera, distributed within 18 families were recorded at the studied sites, of which, 26 species have massive lifeform, 23 branching, 5 encrusting, 6 solitary and only 2 species belong hydrocorals. In addition, 7 species of a hermatypic corals were also recorded. The present study indicated that, either onshore or offshore reefs showed coral decline, but onshore reefs have more degradations. The highest percent cover of dead corals was 29.1% and 34.4 %, recorded at onshore reefs, sites 1and 2, respectively. On contrast, the lowest percent cover was 28.1% and 4.4%, detected at offshore reefs of sites 3 and 4, respectively. On the other hand, site 1 (onshore reef) recorded the highest percent cover of soft corals (40.5%) from 36% the percent of live soft and hard corals, compared with 2.7% at site 4 (offshore reef) from the percent 61.2% of live soft and hard corals. Branching corals have remarkably higher percent (47%) at offshore (site 4) than that recorded (26.5%) at onshore (site 1). However, massive corals recorded relatively higher percent (52.2%) at offshore (site 3) than (50.4%) onshore (site 2). The offshore site 3 recorded the highest diversity (2.6) and highest richness (1.7), compared with the lowest diversity (2.29) and lowest richness (1.35) recoded at onshore site 1. The equability of distributions among species at the studied reefs were 0.83, 0.78, 0.73 and 0.75 at sites 1, 2, 3 & 4, respectively. At site 1, the stony coral Stylophora pistillata was the only abundant species, with non- expected big and thick branches, while most other corals were scarce. On contrast, Porites sp. was the most dominant at sites 2 &3; while the massive coral, Goniastrea retiformis was the most dominant species at site 4.
Survey on Applications and Challenges of Wireless Sensor Network in Industries

Recent advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). These networks promise to revolutionize sensing in a wide range of application domains. One of them is industrial automation, which is necessary for competing globally. Industrial automation from component assemblies to data integrated manufacturing execution systems are available to achieve greater precision, improves quality and enhances control over the whole process. Another one is industrial and environmental safety. The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibilities of applying WSN technology in industrial platforms from the use of simple detector; complex analyzers to latest MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) based system, machine vision system with their advantages and implementation challenges.
Classifier Labels as Language Grounding for Explanations Paper id : 22

Advances in state-of-the-art techniques including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have led to improved perception in autonomous robots. However, these new techniques make the robot’s decision-making process obscure even for the experts. Our goal is to automatically generate natural language explanations for robot’s state and decision-making algorithms in order to help people understand how they made their decisions. Generating natural language explanations is particularly challenging for perception and other highdimension classification tasks because 1) we lack a mapping from features to language and 2) there are a large number of features which could be explained. We present a novel approach to generating explanations that first find important features that most affect the classification output and then utilize a secondary detector to label (i.e., generate natural language groundings) only those features. We demonstrate our explanation algorithm’s ability to explain our service robot’s building floor identification classifier.
Nitric oxide and bacteria-host interactions in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection

ObjectivesTo examine whether urinary tract infection–associated stimuli could regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and to asses the significance of HO-1 in protecting urinary tract epithelial cells against nitric oxide (NO)-induced damage.MethodsHeme oxygenase-1 expression was investigated in the human renal epithelial cell line A498 in response to the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain IA2, the NO-donor DETA/NONOate (DETA/NO), and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Cell viability was examined by the trypan blue exclusion test and light microscopy.ResultsThe HO-1 inducer hemin and DETA/NO increased HO-1 expression in A498 cells, and glutathione depletion further increased HO-1 expression in response to DETA/NO and hemin. Stimulation with a UPEC strain or cytokines did not upregulate HO-1 expression. The cytokines induced inducible NO synthase expression and caused an increase in nitrite production. Hemin significantly decreased cytokine-induced NO production (P <0.001). DETA/NO decreased the cell viability by approximately 75%, but hemin was able to attenuate DETA/NO-induced cell damage.ConclusionsThe expression of HO-1 increased in human renal epithelial cells in response to NO, and the expression was further enhanced in glutathione-depleted cells. The bacteria per se or proinflammatory cytokines were not able to upregulate HO-1. Heme oxygenase-1 protects the cells against NO by feedback inhibition of NO production and by decreasing cell damage.
Evaluation of Metabolites of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Oilfield Wastewater

Twenty-eight adult Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 205 ± 12.89g SD; mean length; 31.13 ± 3.82cm SD) were exposed to various concentrations (0. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) in quadruplicates of an oilfield wastewater and were investigated for its responses on metabolites in tissue (plasma, gill, liver, kidney and muscle) samples after 28 days. The result showed that in all the tissues tested the values of total protein, creatinin and total bilirubin in all the control (0%) were higher ( p ≤0.05) than at treatment level. Metabolites in the plasma differed (P≤0.05) between concentrations except for creatinine and total bilirubin. Albumin in the control and treated fish were similar ( p ≥0.05) except in plasma and liver which recorded lower values than their control ( p ≤0.05). Total urea recorded its highest value at the highest concentration (60%) ranging between 4.25±0.09 in kidney and 12.0±1.47 mmol/l in muscle. Generally, the values did not follow a particular trend except for albumin values that decreased with an increased concentration of the toxicant. Significant changes observed in the study suggest stress induced by the oilfield wastewater on C. gariepinus hence the advocating for proper treatment of the wastewater before discharge into the environment.
Asymptotic theory for a moving droplet driven by a wettability gradient

An asymptotic theory is developed for a moving drop driven by a wettability gradient. We distinguish the mesoscale where an exact solution is known for the properly simplified problem. This solution is matched at both the advancing and the receding side to respective solutions of the problem on the microscale. On the microscale the velocity of movement is used as the small parameter of an asymptotic expansion. Matching gives the droplet shape, velocity of movement as a function of the imposed wettability gradient, and droplet volume. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.2191015