Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in time to task failure and fatigability between children and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The transition from childhood to adulthood is characterized by many physiological processes impacting exercise performance. Performance fatigability and time to task failure are commonly used to capture exercise performance. This review aimed to determine the differences in fatigability and TTF between youth (including both children and adolescents) and young adults, and to evaluate the influence of exercise modalities (i.e., exercise duration and type of exercise) on these differences. Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library were searched. Thirty-four studies were included. The meta-analyses revealed that both children (SMD −1.15; p < 0.001) and adolescents (SMD −1.26; p = 0.022) were less fatigable than adults. Additional analysis revealed that children were less fatigable during dynamic exercises (SMD −1.58; p < 0.001) with no differences during isometric ones (SMD –0.46; p = 0.22). Children (SMD 0.89; p = 0.018) but not adolescents (SMD 0.75; p = 0.090) had longer TTF than adults. Additional analyses revealed 1) that children had longer TTF for isometric (SMD 1.25; p < 0.001) but not dynamic exercises (SMD −0.27; p = 0.83), and 2) that TTF differences between children and adults were larger for short- (SMD 1.46; p = 0.028) than long-duration exercises (SMD 0.20; p = 0.64). Children have higher endurance and are less fatigable than adults. These differences are influenced by the exercise modality, suggesting distinct physiological functioning during exercise between children and adults. The low number of studies comparing these outcomes between adolescents versus children and adults prevents robust conclusions and warrants further investigations in adolescent individuals.
Improvement Science as a Frame for the Dissertation in Practice: The Johns Hopkins Experience

The Johns Hopkins University Doctor of Education program was developed with the expressed program outcome of developing leaders who possess the knowledge, skills, and dispositions to rigorously examine educational problems of practice with stakeholders within their context of professional practice using a social justice lens. The purpose of this article is to describe how improvement science principles depicted by Bryk et al. (2015) served as a frame for our Applied Dissertation to support scholar-practitioners to partner with their colleagues in educational institutions and to independently take on the challenges and opportunities they will encounter in their future work. We outline the dissertation through a discussion of these principles and provide four examples of the resulting dissertations and their impact on the scholar-practitioner’s context of professional practice and on them as educational leaders.
Penalty or Payoff? Diversity of Tactics and Resource Mobilization Among Environmental Organizations

Environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) need resources in order to mount campaigns and ensure their stability over time. What is the most effective strategy to attract these resources? Building upon research on social movement strategy and resource mobilization, we examine how a diversity of income sources, tactics, and issue focus affects three measures of mobilization outcomes: income, staff, and members. We examine these relationships using a unique panel data set of ENGOs in the UK collected by the Environmental Funders Network in 2013 and 2016. Our analyses show that using a more diverse range of tactics in wave 1 is associated with mobilizing more staff and members in wave 2. However, there is no significant penalty or payoff for groups that engage in issue or income diversification. We argue that diversifying tactics benefits organizations by helping them accrue the necessary human resources required for environmental action.
Types of cis- and trans-gene regulation of expression quantitative trait loci across human tissues

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have been identified for most genes in the human genome across tissues and cell types. While most of the eQTLs are near the associated genes, some can be far away or on different chromosomes, with the regulatory mechanisms largely unknown. Here, we study cis- and trans-regulation by eQTLs on protein-coding genes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) across nearly 50 tissues and cell types. Specifically, we constructed trios consisting of an eQTL, its cis-gene and trans-gene and inferred the regulatory relationships with causal network inference. We identify multiple types of regulatory networks for trios: across all the tissues, more than half of the trios are inferred to be conditionally independent, where the two genes are conditionally independent given the genotype of the eQTL (gene 1 ← eQTL → gene 2). Around 1.5% of the trios are inferred to be mediation (eQTL → mediator → target), around 1.3% fully connected among the three nodes, and just a handful v-structures (eQTL → gene 1 ← gene 2). Unexpectedly, across the tissues, on average more than half of the mediation trios have the trans-gene as the mediator. Most of the mediators (cis and trans) are tissue specific, and cis-gene mediators are significantly enriched for protein-coding genes, whereas trans-gene mediators have a similar distribution of protein-coding genes and lncRNAs to the whole genome.
Kuwait & obesity: what can you see from the city streets?

ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in Kuwait, with the region recording the highest rate of adult obesity. Fast-food consumption is one of the contributors to this medical problem. This visual essay presents street views of the city affected by the obesity epidemic through photographs of fast-food displays. This essay aims to contribute to public health discussions by highlighting the association between exposure to fast-food advertising and increase in consumption of the targeted foods and beverages and subsequent modulation of dietary habits. In addition, this essay seeks to address the question of how public health campaigners and policymakers should regulate fast-food displays, installations, and advertisements in countries with prevalent obesity.
A hybrid cooperative navigation method for UAV swarm based on factor graph and Kalman filter

Navigation plays an important role in the task execution of the micro-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm. The Cooperative Navigation (CN) method that fuses the observation of onboard sensors and relative information between UAVs is a research hotspot. Aiming at the efficiency and accuracy problems of previous studies, this article proposes a hybrid-CN method for UAV swarm based on Factor Graph and Kalman filter. A global Factor Graph is used to combine Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and ranging information to provide position estimations for modifying the distributed Kalman filter; distributed Kalman filter is established on each UAV to fuse inertial information and optimized position estimation to modify the navigation states. In order to provide time-consistent GNSS position information for the Factor Graph, a time synchronization filter is designed. The proposed method is tested and verified using standard Monte Carlo simulations, simulation results show that it can provide a more precise and efficient CN solution than traditional CN methods.
Design aspects and RF characterization of ITER-RF-CVD-diamond windows

mit der Universitat Karlsruhe verbunden in For the plasma engineering of ITER, EC launchers will be used at the upper port and the equatorial port levels. Part of these studies is to verify the window design and to work out, whether a concept is available for both launchers. To this goal, first experiments with low and high power mm-waves are performed and will be presented. The high power RF behavior of torus window assemblies with corrugated waveguides is being investigated by using IR imaging technique during high power microwave loading with the intention to reach 1 MW at a frequency of 170 GHz at the JAEA gyrotron facility. Short pulse experiments up to 15 seconds pulse duration have been performed to determine the temperature distribution over the whole diamond window area and the efficiency of the indirect cooling by a copper cuff. The occurrence of arcing is being studied as part of evaluation of the assembly design. In a future step also long pulse measurements up to several hundred seconds are planned. Design aspects and RF characterization of ITER-RF-CVDdiamond windows
An Approach for Safeguarding Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Monitoring Tools

Autonomous mobile robots with manipulators are becoming increasingly important in industry because they are the most flexible type of mobile robots. Therefore, these mobile robots are employed in dynamic, heterogeneous and partly structured environments. However, as depicted in ANSI/RIA R15.08-1-2020, new safety requirements focusing the fitness of the mobile robots to its operational scenarios arise. In contrast to fenced industrial robots, mobile robots need to reason about their environment, specifically the monitored space and adapt accordingly. However, since the monitored space is often limited, today’s autonomous industrial mobile robots type C (IMR-C) as R15.08-1-2020 names this kind of robots waste much potential reducing their pace of work due to limited monitored space. To counteract this issue, we first analyze the effects of limited monitored space using system theoretic process analysis (STPA) and then come up with a novel monitoring tool closing the blind spots of the IMR-Cs. The comparison of the STPAs with and without external monitoring tools show risk reduction in the original loss scenarios but new loss scenarios and consuming effort in order to assemble them. We present a methodology to weight the gains and losses of assembling an additional monitoring tool using the Digital Twin. The evaluation of our prototype in a goods receipt scenario shows promising results.
Pathogenesis and Virulence of Chlamydia Trachomatis

The pathogenesis of C. trachomatis disease is a multi-step process that includes: (1) infectivity and exposure to the organism (2) Susceptibility to infection and sickness related to the host's genetic makeup. Recurrence and chronic infections are also common in at-risk teenage and young adult groups. Antibiotic resistance to the primary medications used to treat C. trachomatis is becoming increasingly widespread, even with the correct diagnosis. Chlamydial infection can prevent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-an-induced physiological apoptosis. Failure to adequately prevent, identify, treat, and remove infection increases the risk of pathogenicity and illness. The plasmid glycoproteins 1–8 (pGP1–8) encode eight open reading frames and most Chlamydia species. In the United Kingdom, there has been a recent increase in the prevalence of such illnesses, whereas, in the Scandinavian nations, there has been a drop, albeit there has been a minor increase in recent years (owing to the development of nucleic acid testing technologies, to some extent). However, it should be noted that reliable monitoring systems and population-based data are Chlamydia trachomatis 4 gitis. Chlamydia trachomatis is made plasma or accessible; moreover, it’s weakened in the vaginal canal of the mouse and nonhuman primate ocular tissue. The plasmid-free organisms ‘in vivo but not in vitro traits were completely mimeographs when pGP3 was inadequate, demonstrating that plasmid-encoded pGP3 is a critical virulence factor in vivo. Moreover, leading to a shortage of cost-effective moment in time tests, including methodologies consistent with strain typing during therapeutic, and the overall degree underlying therapeutic failure is foreign. Those disadvantages were exacerbated because the rest of the genders’ infestations were undiagnosed, allowing continuous silence propagation and developmental defects. The popular medications C. tachometers are becoming more prevalent with proper identification.
Use of Mobile and Wearable Artificial Intelligence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Scoping Review

Background Mental health disorders are a leading cause of medical disabilities across an individual’s lifespan. This burden is particularly substantial in children and adolescents because of challenges in diagnosis and the lack of precision medicine approaches. However, the widespread adoption of wearable devices (eg, smart watches) that are conducive for artificial intelligence applications to remotely diagnose and manage psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is promising. Objective This study aims to conduct a scoping review to study, characterize, and identify areas of innovations with wearable devices that can augment current in-person physician assessments to individualize diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. Methods This scoping review used information from the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search of several databases from 2011 to June 25, 2021, limited to the English language and excluding animal studies, was conducted. The databases included Ovid MEDLINE and Epub ahead of print, in-process and other nonindexed citations, and daily; Ovid Embase; Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Web of Science; and Scopus. Results The initial search yielded 344 articles, from which 19 (5.5%) articles were left on the final source list for this scoping review. Articles were divided into three main groups as follows: studies with the main focus on autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and internalizing disorders such as anxiety disorders. Most of the studies used either cardio-fitness chest straps with electrocardiogram sensors or wrist-worn biosensors, such as watches by Fitbit. Both allowed passive data collection of the physiological signals. Conclusions Our scoping review found a large heterogeneity of methods and findings in artificial intelligence studies in child psychiatry. Overall, the largest gap identified in this scoping review is the lack of randomized controlled trials, as most studies available were pilot studies and feasibility trials.
3D Porous MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Prepared by Alkaline-Induced Flocculation for Supercapacitor Electrodes

2D layered MXene (Ti3C2Tx) with high conductivity and pseudo-capacitance properties presents great application potential with regard to electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, the self-restacking and agglomeration phenomenon between Ti3C2Tx layers retards ion transfer and limits electrochemical performance improvement. In this study, a 3D porous structure of Ti3C2Tx was obtained by adding alkali to a Ti3C2Tx colloid, which was followed by flocculation. Alkaline-induced flocculation is simple and effective, can be completed within minutes, and provides 3D porous networks. As 3D porous network structures present larger surface areas and more active sites, ions transfer accelerates, which is crucial with regard to the improvement of the superior capacitance and rate performance of electrodes. The sample processed with KOH (K-a-Ti3C2Tx) exhibited a high capacity of approximately 300.2 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. The capacitance of the samples treated with NaOH and LiOH is low. In addition, annealing is essential to further improve the capacitive performance of Ti3C2Tx. After annealing at 400 °C for 2 h in a vacuum tube furnace, the sample treated with KOH (K-A-Ti3C2Tx) exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of approximately 400.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is considerably higher than that of pristine Ti3C2Tx (228.2 F g−1). Furthermore, after 5000 charge–discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rate reached 89%. This result can be attributed to annealing, which can further remove unfavourable surface groups, such as –F or –Cl, and then improve conductivity capacitance and rate performance. This study can provide an effective approach to the preparation of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.
Longer mtDNA Fragments Provide a Better Insight into the Genetic Diversity of the Sycamore Lace Bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832) (Tingidae, Hemiptera), Both in Its Native and Invaded Areas

Simple Summary The sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata Say, 1832) is one of the most abundant and widespread pests on plane trees (Platanus spp.) across the globe. The native range of the species is in North America, but it has been introduced to Europe (1964), South America (1985), Asia (1995), Australia (2006), and Africa (2014). To understand the genetic background behind this successful colonisation, we analysed a fragment (1356 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA. The 327 individuals revealed 17 haplotypes forming two separated groups. One group includes North American and Japanese individuals, while the other group comprises North American, European, and Asian individuals. We found a much higher genetic diversity in the native area (North America, 12 haplotypes) than in the invaded areas (Europe, five and Asia, four). The longer DNA fragment provided detailed information about the genetic structure of the species both in its native range and in the invaded areas, but the shorter DNA fragment could not provide a clear link between the genetic variation and the geographic origin. Abstract The sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata Say, 1832) is of North American origin, but after its introduction to Europe (1964), South America (1985), Asia (1995), Australia (2006), and Africa (2014), it became an abundant and widespread pest on plane (Platanus spp.) trees. We analysed a 1356 bp long fragment of the mtDNA (COI gene) of 327 sycamore lace bug individuals from 38 geographic locations from Europe, Asia, and North America. Seventeen haplotypes (17 HTs) were detected. C. ciliata populations from North America exhibited higher haplotype diversity (12 HTs) than populations from Europe (6 HTs), Asia (4 HTs), or Japan (2 HTs). The haplotypes formed two haplogroups separated by at least seven mutation steps. One of these mutation steps includes HTs from North America and Japan. Another includes HTs from North America, Europe, and Asia. Haplotypes from Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and Central Asia are linked to haplotypes from Europe, while haplotypes found in Japan are linked to haplotypes found in North America only. The incorporation of published data from the GenBank into our dataset (altogether 517 individuals from 57 locations, but only 546 bp long fragment of the mtDNA) did not show any structure according to the geographic origin of the individuals.
Urban Growth and City-Systems in the United States, 1840-1860

The author examines urban growth and city systems in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century. He first examines the statistics and geographic distribution of urban growth between 1840 ad 1860 to determine the extent to which such growth was concentrated on new or existing urban centers. He then critically reviews traditional and recent views on the relationship between urban growth and economic development and proceeds to reexamine this relationship using empirical data. A heuristic and probabilistic feedback model of the 1840-1860 urban system is then presented and the implications of the geographic inequalities in economic information are considered
Dynamic Controller/Switch Mapping: A Service Oriented Assignment Approach

With the capability of decoupling the control plane and the data plane of networks, Software-Defined Network (SDN) enables flexible and efficient implementations in networks. On the other hand, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) with service chain capabilities provides high-performance networks with greater scalability, elasticity, and adaptability. Such an elastic deployment of service chains results in different service level agreements (SLA) and resource requirements on the control plane. In this work, we illustrate the impact of service chains on the control plane and formulate the service-oriented assignment problem to dynamically map controller/switch in NFV networks as an NP-hard optimization (named as DCSM) for reducing the operational cost. We first address the NP-hard issue of DCSM by designing a novel mechanism to relax DCSM into a tractable problem based on the Penalty Successive Upper Bound Minimization (PSUM) method. In doing so, we conduct several simulation scenarios to evaluate performance. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithms can achieve near-optimal results and reduce the operational cost up to 31.7% and 28.3% compared to K-mean and the matching game based approaches, respectively.
Surface solvation of Martian salt analogues at low relative humidities

Salt aerosols play important roles in many processes related to atmospheric chemistry and the climate systems on both Earth and Mars. Complicated and still poorly understood processes occur on the salt surfaces when interacting with water vapor. In this study, ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is used to characterize the surface chemical environment of Martian salt analogues originating from saline lakes and playas, as well as their responses to varying relative humidities. Generally, APXPS shows similar ionic compositions to those observed by ion chromatography (IC). However, XPS is a surface-sensitive method while IC is bulk-sensitive and differences are observed for species that preferentially partition to the surface or the bulk. Element-selective surface enhancement of Cl− is observed, likely caused by the presence of SO42−. In addition, Mg2+ is concentrated on the surface while Na+ is relatively depleted in the surface layer. Hence, the cations (Na+ and Mg2+) and the anions (Cl− and SO42−) show competitive correlations. At elevated relative humidity (RH), no major spectral changes were observed in the XPS results, except for the growth of an oxygen component originating from condensed H2O. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements show that the magnesium and sodium spectra are sensitive to the presence of water, and the results imply that the surface is fully solvated already at RH = 5%. The surface solvation is also fully reversible as the RH is reduced. No major differences are observed between sample types and sample locations, indicating that the salts originated from saline lakes commonly have solvated surfaces under the environmental conditions on Earth.