Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Injector Bench Test Validation of Different Nozzle Hole Effect on Pyrolysis Oil-Diesel Oil Mixtures

The tire pyrolysis oil is a waste-derived fuel with a lower cetane number and higher den-sity than diesel fuel, but this is a promising waste-based fuel for compression ignition en-gines. In the European Union, it is necessary to increase the bio-share of fuels, and the second-generation waste-derived blend components are essential for achieving the 2030 goals. The injection characteristics of tire pyrolysis oil and diesel oil were investigated on a Bosch solenoid type common rail (CR) injector. Six different premixed ratios were investi-gated, including in a low volume percentage 250 ppm and higher 10%, 20%, and 100% pyrolysis oil and 100% diesel oil. The simulation investigation was done in the AVL Fire software, the experimental investigations were done on a LDX CR injection test bench, and the videos were taken on an Olympus Ispeed 3 camera. The scope of the research was to record the flow pattern of the fuel mixture, flowing out of the high-pressure injector, from which the mixing with air and the quality of the resulting combustion can be deduced, which has a significant effect on the emissions.
An Improved Adaptive Selected Harmonic Elimination Algorithm for Current Measurement Error Correction of PMSMs

Measurement errors are inevitable in the current sensors, which cause speed ripple including one and twice the stator electrical frequency. For the undesired harmonics, the adaptive selected harmonic elimination (ASHE) algorithm outputs the sum of the sinusoidal signals multiplied by the adaptive weights. In order to solve the current measurement error (CME) issue, this article adopts the ASHE algorithm. According to the deterministic functional relationship of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM), the adopted algorithm extracts the harmonics of the steady state speed error, and outputs the q-axis current compensation. However, there is no explicit connection between speed and d-axis current, so their relationship is uncertain. The remaining d-axis CMEs result in poor current performance. Therefore, this article proposes an improved ASHE algorithm, which compensates the dq-axis CMEs simultaneously depending on their mutual deterministic connection. The proposed method does not need motor parameters, additional sensors, or complex calculation process. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by the SPMSM platform. Experimental results also show that the proposed method reduces speed ripple and suppresses the negative effects of CMEs.
Arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure: A decompressing arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis

The effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) has always been a subject of debate. This study presents an innovative concept for the arthroscopic management of knee OA and investigates its clinical outcomes. An arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure (ACRFP) was performed on 693 knees of 411 patients with knee OA, with a mean age of 60 years (34–90 years), to eliminate the medial abrasion phenomenon (MAP) and decompress the patellofemoral joints. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were used to determine the subjective outcome. Roentgenographic changes in all cases and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variations in 20 randomly selected cases were evaluated for objective outcomes. We evaluated 634 knees in 369 patients (93.7%) with more than 3 years of follow-up (mean, 40 months; SD, 9) and found that the overall subjective satisfaction rate was 91.1%. Scores for KSS and all KOOS subscales improved statistically. Reversal of cartilage degeneration was observed in 80.1% of the entire series (radiographic outcome study) and 72.2% of the 18 randomly selected cases (1-year MRI outcome study). We found significant association between gender and OA severity, with regards to the subjective outcomes. Age, body mass index, pre-operative hyaluronic acid injection, OA severity, and type and severity of the medial plica were found to be important predictors of radiographic outcomes. An analysis of failed cases reaffirmed the need for early ACRFP and skilled post-operative care. ACRFP is an effective treatment for knee OA. It can benefit most patients and modify their degeneration processes if performed in time. However, further investigations are needed to confirm our concept of treatment.
A Compact Dual-Band Slot Antenna With Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Radiation

A dual-band horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna for WiFi applications is proposed in this letter, which consists of a 3-D radiation slot on a metal box and three folded patches inside. The 3-D slot is formed by connecting two trapezoid slots at top and bottom of the box with a rectangle slot at the vertical side. Then, the radiation slot is excited by a folded patch connected to the feed line and produces two resonances at 2.45 and 5.5 GHz. With the help of two parasitic patches beside the excited patch, the higher frequency band is broadened. Measured results show that the antenna has two 10 dB return loss operating bandwidths of 5.32% and 20.56%. Moreover, the measured out-of-roundness for the horizontal radiation pattern is less than 2.4 dB in lower frequency band and that of higher frequency band is less than 5.3 dB. Besides, the antenna maintains a compact size of only 22 mm × 10 mm × 25 mm (0.18λ0 × 0.08λ0 × 0.20λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency), with the gain about 2 dBi and the cross-polarization ratio greater than 20 dB in the entire band.
A Route to Sustainable Aviation: A Roadmap for the Realization of Aircraft Components With Electrical and Structural Multifunctionality

Increased electrification of aircraft power systems has been widely presented as a route toward meeting environmental and emissions targets for aircraft performance, via more-electric aircraft and future hybrid-electric aircraft concepts. In parallel, the superior mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has resulted in its increasing use for aircraft structures. The relatively low electrical conductivity of CFRP compared to traditional aluminum structures and copper conductors limits the use of structural CFRP structures as electrical elements, so separate systems are needed. This adds structural mass and volume to a system, negating some of the benefits of using CFRP. Closer integration of the composite structure and electrical power system (EPS), with an ultimate goal of achieving components with multifunctionality (combined thermal, electrical, and structural functionality), offers a route toward the light-weighting of these systems, thus supporting improvements in aircraft performance. This article presents a roadmap to achieve this multifunctionality, supported by the combination of introducing definitions for different levels of multifunctionality, associated design thresholds, and trades between the EPS and CFRP materials/structures. Existing multifunctional (MF) electrical–thermal–structural CFRP-based solutions are contextualized within this roadmap. This enables the realization of viable routes for developing MF systems for the strategic focus of future research efforts.
SATP-GAN: self-attention based generative adversarial network for traffic flow prediction

Traffic flow prediction, one of the essential problems in traffic control and guidance systems, is still drawing increasing attention in recent years with the new methods tipped by the success of AI. In this paper, we propose a novel model, namely self-attention generative adversarial networks for time-series prediction (SATP-GAN). The SATP-GAN method is based on self-attention and generative adversarial networks (GAN) mechanisms, which are composed of the GAN module and reinforcement learning (RL) module. In the GAN module, we apply the self-attention layer to capture the pattern of time-series data instead of RNNs (recurrent neural networks). In the RL module, we apply the RL algorithm to tune the parameters of our SATP-GAN model. We evaluate the framework on the real-world traffic dataset and obtain a consistent improvement of 6.5% over baseline methods. The SATP-GAN framework proves the GAN mechanism is also available for time-series prediction after fine-tuning the parameters.
IP Pegasi in outburst: Echelle spectroscopy & Modulation Doppler Tomography

We analyse a unique set of time-resolved echelle spectra of the dwarf nova IP Peg, obtained at ESO's NTT with EMMI. The dataset covers the wavelength range of 4000-7500A and shows Balmer, HeI, HeII and heavier elements in emission. IP Peg was observed one day after the peak of an outburst. The trailed spectra, spectrograms and Doppler maps show characteristics typical of IP Pegasi during the early stages of its outburst. The high-ionisation line of HeII 4686A is the most centrally located line and has the greatest radial extension compared to the HeI lines. The Balmer lines extend from close to the white dwarf up to approximately 0.45 times R_L, with the outer radius gradually increasing when moving from H delta to H alpha. The application, for the first time, of the modulation Doppler tomography technique, maps any harmonically varying components present in the system configuration. We find, as expected, that part of the strong secondary star emission in Balmer and HeI lines is modulated predominantly with the cosine term, consistent with the emission originating from the irradiated front side of the mass-donor star, facing the accreting white dwarf. For the Balmer lines the level of the modulation, compared to the average emission, decreases when moving to higher series. Emission from the extended accretion disk appears to be only weakly modulated, with amplitudes of at most a few percent of the non-varying disk emission. We find no evidence of modulated emission in the spiral arms, which if present, is relatively weak at that our signal-to-noise ratio was good enough to put a lower detection limit of any modulated emission at 5--6%. Only in one arm of the HeII 4686A line, is there a possibility of modulated emission, but again, we cannot be sure this is not caused by blending with the nearby Bowen complex of lines.
INFLUENCE OF THE KINDS AND STRUCTURE OF SILANE COUPLING AGENT ON POLYMER GRAFTING MODIFICATON OF THE ULTRAFINE SILICON DIOXIDE SURFACE

Based on the study of the process of polymer grafting modification on the surface of ultrafine silicon dioxide and compared by using TEM, IR, XPS, and model calculation, the influence and mechanism of different silane coupling agents on the modification of ultrafine silicon dioxide were investigated.The effects of modification are varied significantly with the difference of silane coupling agents, and it is concluded that KH570 and KH 858 are effective pretreating agents. The duplex bonds of carbon in KH570 are weakened due to the formation of П44 delocalization bonds between the duplex bonds and carbonyl groups, whereas the duplex bonds of carbon in KH858 are strengthened due to the electron donating effects of silicon atoms. The surface of ultrafine silicon dioxide modified with KH570 hence contains more polymers and has better dispersion. It is suggested that KH570 is more suited as a pretreating agent for polymer grafting modification on the surface of ultrafine silicon dioxide.
Nanostructured Metal Oxide Sorbents for the Collection and Recovery of Uranium from Seawater

The ability to collect uranium from seawater offers the potential for a long-term green fuel supply for nuclear energy. However, extraction of uranium, and other trace minerals, is challenging because of the high ionic strength and low mineral concentrations in seawater. Herein we evaluate the use of nanostructured metal oxide sorbents for the collection and recovery of uranium from seawater. Chemical affinity, chemical adsorption capacity, and uptake kinetics of sorbent materials were evaluated. Materials with higher surface area clearly produced better sorbent performance. Uptake kinetics showed that the materials could rapidly equilibrate in a few hours with effective solution contact. Manganese, iron oxide, and especially Mn–Fe nanostructured composites provided the best performance for uranium collection from seawater. The preferred materials were demonstrated to extract uranium from natural seawater with up to 3 mg U/g-sorbent in 4 h of contact time. Inexpensive nontoxic carbonate solutions were dem.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR COASTAL FLOOD MANAGEMENT

The management and analysis of flood hazards is of great socio-economic and ecological importance as it was estimated that 50 percent of word’s population resides and works within the costal zone till 2030. The management of coastal flood hazard reflects the cumulative effects and criteria more than the human mind can handle effectively. The flood management requires decision making for relatively far and largely unknown parameters and face to the largest uncertainties. This paper aims to provide a quantified method for developed decision making in coastal flood management. It discusses the applying of strategic management in a spatial decision support system (DSS) for analysis and modeling of flood management as important part of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). This study focuses on flood management in South-west of Iran as case study and use SWOT analysis for gaining to the best result. The main finding of paper is provision of systematic method to choose best strategic alternative in flood management. To reach this target numerical model in multi criteria decision making are developed. The new methodology in this study shows that applying quantitative methods with a combination of DSS and SWOT analysis in flood management can be adopted carefully and helps coastal managers to decrease uncertainties and human errors.
The effect of Calcium channel blocker in the Betamethasone-induced Glaucoma model in rabbits

To Evaluate the Ocular-hypotensive Effect of Levamlodipine in the Betamethasoneinduced Glaucoma Model in the Rabbits. Ocularhypertension was made by weekly subconjunctival injection of Celestone Chronodose® for four weeks in the right eye and the left eye was left as a control. The animals were divided into three groups, twice-daily eye drops of Levamlodipine 0.25%, Levamlodipine 0.5 %, and Timolol maleate 0.5% were administered to groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively (n = 6 for each group) for 12 days after week 4 of induction. All left eyes (control) administered sterile distilled water (DW) twice daily. The subconjunctival administration of corticosteroid weekly after four weeks creates a significant (p˂ 0.001) increment in IOP in right eyes in groups 1, 2, and 3. Levamlodipine 0.25% shows a significant decrease in IOP after 3 days (p˂0.001), reaching 23.31±0.56 mmHg. Group 2 that administered 0.5% Levamlodipine, IOP significantly reduced (p˂0.001) (from 23.93±0.61 mmHg to 20.93±0.76 mmHg). Levamlodipine 0.5% produced a significant (p˂ 0.001) drop in the IOP when compared to Levamlodipine 0.25% and Timolol 0.5 in days 6, 9 and 12. During the study period, no systemic adverse events were observed in the left and right eyes of all groups. Levamlodipine has a promising beneficial effect in reducing intraocular pressure in the chronic model of glaucoma.
A Hybrid FDTD–SPICE Method for Predicting the Coupling Response of Wireless Communication System

This article presents a hybrid finite-difference time-domain–simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (FDTD–SPICE) method for analyzing the system-level coupling responses of the wireless communication system with antenna, metallic enclosures, braided shielded cable, and lumped element, when illuminated by an external electromagnetic pulse (EMP). In the hybrid method, a system-level SPICE model combining antenna and braided coaxial cable is proposed to predict the coupling effects including front-door and back-door couplings. FDTD is used to calculate the induced current on the outer conductor of the coaxial cable, which is then incorporated into the system-level SPICE model as an additional current source. Because the hybrid method avoids meshing the antenna and cable, it has higher computational efficiency than full-wave analysis. A typical microstrip antenna system is selected as a case to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of this proposed method by comparing the numerical results with those obtained by CST. Then, considering the influence of the incident conditions of external EMP, the coupling voltages of the microstrip antenna system are calculated. Furthermore, a typical filter circuit is analyzed to illustrate the practicability of the proposed method. The obtained coupling response information demonstrate that the proposed method is available for designing electromagnetic protection of the inner circuits of the wireless communication system against the impact of external incident wave.
Simulation-Based Process Design and Integration for the Sustainable Retrofit of Chemical Processes

This research proposes a novel Retrofit Design Approach based on process simulation and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The approach comprises a diagnosis stage to select the promising variables through a sensitivity analysis, an evaluation stage to assess the impact of the promising variables, and to identify the most important factors through RSM. A reduced model from the process response behavior is built, and an optimization is carried out with the reduced model to identify optimal conditions and performance of the system, subject to objective function and model constraints. All these procedures are simulation-supported. The main advantage of the proposed approach is to handle a large industrial-scale design problem within a reasonable computational effort and to obtain a reduced model based on the most important factors. Limitations for the developed method include that the global optimality of the solutions found is not fully guaranteed, while large computational time for simulation may be r.
Stitched Ground Planes for Textile Antenna Application: An Experimental Study

This paper presents an application of stitched ground plane for microstrip patch antenna design. In this work Matlab interface to computer embroidery techniques were used to implement the felt and denim substrates on microstrip patch antenna. These antennas were simulated using a commercial full 3D electromagnetic CST Microwave Studio 2019. A method to optimize the stitch patterns with conductive thread for antenna ground plane for 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and 5 GHz wearable wireless local area networks (WLAN) frequencies was achieved. Rigid and flexible wearable antennas (microstrip patch antennas) were fabricated using the stitched ground plane. The electrical resistance was reduced between the meshes during the stitching design process. Results in terms of bandwidth, radiation patterns and reflection coefficients (S 11 ) are presented.
Risk Assessment for the Use of COTS Devices in Space Systems under Consideration of Radiation Effects

In this paper, a new approach is presented to assess the risk of using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices in space systems under consideration of radiation effects that can dramatically affect reliability and performance. In the NewSpace era, the use of COTS has become mandatory, since typical space-qualified (class-1) electrical, electronic and electromechanical (EEE) components for space missions are no longer attractive due to their extremely high costs, long lead times and low performance. This paper sets out the usual constraints for COTS devices and proposes a guideline on how to select non-space-qualified components and when class-1 EEE devices are recommended for use.
Dynamic triggering: The effects of remote earthquakes on volcanoes, hydrothermal systems and tectonics

Dynamic stresses induced by seismic waves from large earthquakes can trigger a variety of geologic phenomena. This thesis focuses on observational evidence of dynamically triggered seismic activity in hydrothermal, volcanic and mud-volcanic systems. During summer 2011 and 2013 we discovered microseismic activity under the Snæfellsjökull volcano, Iceland. Earthquakes with magnitudes Ml < 1.5 are located around 5–13 km below sea level. Seismicity likely reflects hybrid events that involve brittle failure in combination with fluid-related processes in deep sections of the crust. Additional Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry shows no vertical surface deformation between years 2004 and 2008, indicating negligible inflation/deflation within the inferred magma reservoir. We analyze the triggering of seismic activity at the Irazú-Turrialba volcanic complex, Costa Rica, following the 2012 Mw 7.6 Nicoya earthquake. After the passage of seismic waves we observe a sudden increase in seismicity lasting approximately 36 hours with a maximum rate of 75 events/hour. We point out that Mw < 4.5 aftershocks are also followed by increased seismicity. We propose the combined action of dynamic stress and short-lived coseismic relaxation triggered seismic activity in this near-critical system. Additionally, we show similar earthquake triggering by teleseismic surface waves in the Larderello-Travale geothermal field, Italy. Furthermore, we present evidence for triggered tremor beneath the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. We show tremor in response to three teleseismic earthquakes and constrain a triggering threshold of 8 kPa dynamic stress. Triggered tremor amplitudes scale with induced ground velocity. Tremor responds to 45–65 s period surface waves and predominantly correlates with Rayleigh waves. We could not locate the tremor but data indicates potential source volumes such as the Flores Thrust, the Java subduction zone, or Tambora volcano. Using numerical wave propagation we investigate the trigger of the 2006 Lusi mud eruption, Indonesia. We show that the parabolic-shaped lithology at Lusi could have reflected and focused incoming seismic energy from the 2006 Mw 6.3 Yogyakarta earthquake. Our simulations show that energy concentrations in the mud layer could have been sufficient to liquefy the mud source. We conclude that the Lusi mud eruption was a natural occurrence and suggest that parabolic lithologies with varying acoustic impedance can focus and amplify incoming seismic energy and trigger a response in various volcanic and hydrothermal systems. Results from this thesis suggest that dynamic stresses in the low Kilopascal range can trigger a variety of geologic responses. The dynamic interaction during triggering is more complex than can be covered in established basic magnitude-distance relations which should be reformulated or enhanced.
Lipophilicity analysis of newly synthetized quinobenzothiazines by use of TLC

ABSTRACT Lipophilicity is a very important property of chemical compound taking into consideration in drugs design. Relationships between biological activity, among others lipophilicity, and chemical structure (QSAR) of the compound are very often used by researches. Especially important is the kind of substituents connected to the basic structural fragment and how it changes the lipophilicity of the compound. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters of lipophilicity of quinobenzothiazine derivatives using reversed phase - thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC), which would enable one to determine the structure–activity relationship. The objective of our work is a series of 15 newly synthetized quinobenzothiazines. They were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with the use of two different mobile phases consisting of methanol or acetone as organic modifiers. For all compounds investigated, the values of lipophilicity obtained from computational method were also determined. Cluster analysis was carried out too for all data of lipophilicity obtained. Low correlation was found between values of experimental lipophilicity and lipophilicity from computational methods for newly synthetized compounds. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT