Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS (Linn) AGAINST BRADYKININ INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN RATS

The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. The dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. The effect was observed on bradykinin induced paw edema in female SD rats. Inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of freshly prepared 0.1ml bradykinin (1mg/ml) in the right hind paw. The two treatment group rats received 250mg/kg b.wt and 500mg/kg b.wt respectively orally, one hour prior to bradykinin induction. The increase in the paw thickness in the rats after induction with bradykinin was significantly lowered on treatment with the plant extract. The ethanolic extract was found to improve the antioxidant status in the animals in a dose dependent manner. The effect of the extract was compared with the effect of the standard drug indomethacin administration. Histopathological analysis of the hindpaw tissue supports the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of R. officinalis.
An Analysis of the Reasons for Staff Turnover amongst Paramedics in South Africa

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the factors that improve retention possibilities amongst paramedics, as well as verify the influence of demographic properties on retention possibilities amongst paramedics. Data was collected for this study through a job satisfaction scale, which was revised to accommodate a few unique elements to this study. Demographic properties of the subjects did not produce any striking statistical significance. Both men and women subjects found their professions exciting; the married and unmarried ones included. This study suggests that employers of paramedics are able to retain them as well as maintain good relations with them by providing a satisfying work environment where these employees can perform well and continue being productive. Future research can examine the degree of relatedness or otherwise of paramedics in different provinces within private and public health systems; and the proportion of resignations between males and females.
Asthma and respiratory symptoms in 6-7 yr old Italian children: gender, latitude, urbanization and socioeconomic factors

Little information is available on the epidemiology of childhood res- piratory disorders in Southern Europe. We investigated the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a large sample of schoolchildren, according to gen- der, latitude, urbanization, and socioeconomic status. Questionnaires including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core module on wheeze, as well as questions about other res- piratory symptoms (including cough and phlegm), were completed by the parents of 18,737 schoolchildren aged 6-7 yrs, from eight centres of northern and central Italy. Wheeze in the last 12 months was reported for 9% of males and 6% of females, and severe wheezing attacks for 1.4 and 0.8%, respectively. Asthma during life- time was reported for 11% of males and 6.4% of females. The prevalence of physi- cian-diagnosed asthma increased with level of urbanization, but reported wheezing did not, suggesting a labelling bias. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the prevalence of most wheezing symptoms or of physician-diagnosed asthma, but was negatively correlated with the number of hospital admissions because of asth- ma. Unlike wheezing symptoms, the prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm was associated with increasing urbanization and decreasing socioeconomic level. Urbanization and socioeconomic level have little effect on the prevalence of wheezing in this area, but they might influence the diagnosis and the management of asthma, as well as the prevalence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm.
Response by Hendricks-Ferguson

Isincerely wish to thank the reviewer for the comments related to my article. This review prompted me to reflect on my study and to clarify my use of the term adolescence and my focus on the concepts of hope and spiritual well-being (SWB) among adolescents with cancer. One of the questions raised by the reviewer is whether SWB is conceptually and methodologically distinct from emotional and psychological wellbeing. I did not define spirituality in my study because no universally accepted definition exists (Chiu, Emblen, Hofwegen, Sawatzky, & Meyerhoff, 2004). Instead, I selected for my study the concept of SWB, which has been described as the clearest indicator of spiritual health (Mickley & Soeken, 1993). According to Paloutzian and Ellison (1982), SWB encompasses two dimensions: religious well-being (i.e., one’s relationship with God) and existential well-being (i.e., one’s perception of life purpose). These dimensions are exclusive of emotional and psychological constructs. I selected Paloutzian and Ellison’s (1982) Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) because it is a well-established measure of the adolescent’s spiritual health and it has shown good psychometric properties with chronically ill populations, including culturally diverse populations. The SWBS has been described as a multidimensional scale that can be used across religions that support a belief of God in personal terms (Ellison, 1983). Half of the items on the SWBS address religious beliefs, and the other half address beliefs regarding one’s future The items were derived from a review of religious assessment instruments and from Fowler’s theory of spiritual development (1981), the most widely accepted theory of faith development. Other strengths are that the SWBS was pilot-tested with well adolescents (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982) and with well adolescents and adolescents with cancer (Hendricks-Ferguson, 1997). Although the SWBS was not initially derived from qualitative input from culturally diverse populations, it has shown good psychometric properties with a few culturally diverse populations. Because the concept of hope is well established and is viewed as a central element in the adolescent’s ability to cope during his or her adaptation to the cancer experience, I chose to examine adolescent hope in this study. To Western Journal of Nursing Research Volume 30 Number 3 April 2008 405-407 © 2008 Sage Publications 10.1177/0193945907303049 http://wjn.sagepub. com hosted at http://online.sagepub. com
Testing star formation laws on spatially resolved regions in a z ≈ 4.3 starburst galaxy

EdC gratefully acknowledges the Australian Research Council for funding support as the recipient of a Future Fellowship (FT150100079). CF acknowledges funding provided by the Australian Research Council (Discovery Project DP170100603 and Future Fellowship FT180100495), and the Australia-Germany Joint Research Cooperation Scheme (UA-DAAD). EW acknowledges support by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), through project number CE170100013. EMDT acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council through grant DP160100723. IA is supported through Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico (CONACYT) grants FDC-2016-1848 and CB-2016-281948.
Erro médico: Natureza e frequência dos erros na actividade de Medicina Geral e Familiar Geral num ACES - Estudo descritivo

Purpose of the Study: Understanding the current situation in relation to potential errors that may occur in general practice, in a Primary Health Care setting, in Portugal, with the purpose of demonstrating the type of errors and identifying risks in a patients circuit within the unit. Methodology: The method used for this study was descriptive, using as reference Primary Care International Study of Medical Errors (PCISME), 2001, directed by the Robert Graham Center of the American Academy of Family Physicians, who invited researchers from six countries to participate (Australia, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States). Error is defined as anything that you identify as something wrong, to be avoided in the future. Main Results Attained: From the sample made up of 20 General Practitioners, 8 of them reported a total of 40 errors, which were classified according to the assessment categories, which emerged from the PCISME study. The levels of classification refers to Errors in office administration - 47,50%; Investigation errors - 25,00%; Treatment errors - 5,00%; Communication errors - 15,00%; knowledge and skills errors - 5,00%; Other errors - 2,50%. Conclusions: The errors reported by Family Physicians in this study may be classified within those reported by physicians in the beginning of the present decade. All of these are referred in the international study PCISME, which has been the basis for several studies at international level, concerning the issue of patient safety in primary care.
Exploratory Study of Young Adults' Perceptions of Tobacco Use and Tobacco Marketing

There is considerable evidence that the tobacco industry’s marketing practices persuade many people to start smoking (Pierce, Choi, Gilpin, Farkas, and Barry, 1998). Sepe, Ling, and Glantz (2002) found that when tobacco companies increase their marketing and promotion practices in nightclubs and bars concurrently there is a rise in young adults smoking. To better understand the perceptions and experiences surrounding tobacco use and tobacco marketing, we conducted four focus groups in two mid-size U.S. cities with young adults. The analysis of these focus groups produced five complementary findings: (1) tobacco marketing and tobacco use was associated with the social scene of college, (2) tobacco marketers give personal attention to young adults, (3) smokers and nonsmokers perceive tobacco marketers differently, (4) tobacco marketing promotes tobacco use, (5) and smoking status was ambiguously defined.
Response by Lee, Soeken, and Picot

We appreciate the reviewers’ comments about this study. Older stroke patients who are discharged from the hospital and return to the community are often dependent on family members for physical and emotional support. Often, these informal caregivers (i.e., family members) perform an unpaid service for society. Health care providers must provide any type of support or intervention programs to these informal caregivers. The reviewers commented on important issues. Among them, the importance of technology-based interventions should be pointed out. Computerassisted interventions can provide visual support, including information at different times for caregivers. In addition, these interventions can be applied to different-area caregivers through e-mail communication. One concern, however, is that most primary caregivers of older stroke patients are spouses who may have functional limitations from decreased vision or joint changes. Moreover, caregiver’s limited time for technology use or lack of immediate personal interactions should be counted (Hendrix, 2000). Future study that compares intervention effects of technology with traditional approaches can provide useful information. Second, we would like to suggest that future randomized controlledtrial-design studies should use consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) guidelines to improve validity of the study results. The CONSORT guideline has 22 items related to each section (i.e., title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion section). For example, authors need to describe methods for randomization allocation sequence, who generated the allocation sequence, and whether the data collector, the intervention administration person, or study subjects were blinded to each group (i.e., intervention vs. control). A flow diagram should be described to the reader, including the progress of enrollment, intervention allocation, followup, and the number of data analysis (Moher, Schulz, & Altman, 2001). With the importance of evidence-based practice and research, the CONSORT guideline application will be helpful in developing rigorous intervention studies and also future meta-analysis studies (Stroup et al., 2000). Western Journal of Nursing Research Volume 29 Number 3 April 2007 363-364 © 2007 Sage Publications 10.1177/0193945906299114 http://wjn.sagepub. com hosted at http://online.sagepub. com
MODELLING OF BLOOD’S NON-NEWTONIAN BEHAVIOUR IN PATIENT-SPECIFIC AORTO-CORONARY BYPASS GRAFTS

The patency and overall performance of implanted bypass grafts is closely related to hemodynamics and its influence on vessel remodelling. In this regard, numerical investigation of blood flow in models reconstructed from clinical data may, next to clinical research, provide a valuable insight into the problem of graft failures, which are usually associated with restenosis and/or occlusive intimal hyperplasia. In this study, numerical results of pulsatile non-Newtonian blood flow in three realistic aorto-coronary bypass models are presented and further discussed with emphasis placed on the distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI). Blood’s shear-thinning behaviour is described by the CarreauYasuda model. Assuming all model walls to be impermeable and inelastic, the numerical solution of the mathematical model, which has the form of time-dependent non-linear system of Navier-Stokes (NS) equations, is carried out on the basis of the three-stage fractional step method and cellcentred finite volume method formulated for hybrid unstructured tetrahedral grids. The viscous terms of the NS equations are time discretised implicitly using the CrankNicolson scheme. The convective terms are solved explicitly and their computation utilises a local time-stepping technique in order to improve the overall computational efficiency of the developed CFD code.
Spectrum of Precipitating factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis

Objectives: To ascertain the spectrum of precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Design: descriptive study. Place and duration of the study: The study was conducted in the department of medicine, medical B unit of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar over six months. Patients and Procedures: All patients with cirrhosis of liver(CL) of more than 12 years of age, manifesting signs of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) were included and those who had acute fulminant hepatitis or had noncirrhotic portal hypertension were excluded from the study. Detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigations were done to look for any precipitating factor and the findings were recorded on a proforma. Results: Fifty patients (32 males and 18 females) were enrolled. 47 patients had hepatitis B, C or both positive. 64% were in the age group of 45-60 years and 76% were having either grade III or IV coma. Thirty three (66%) patients had asterixis which was found to be a sensitive index for the diagnosis of HE in patients who were not in coma. Jaundice and Ascites were other common presenting features. Electrolytes imbalance in 28(56%) patients, diarrhea in 20(40%), constipation in 16(32%), infections in 12(24%) and gastrointestinal bleed in 11(22%) patients were amongst the commonest precipitating factors. None gave the history of alcoholism or recent surgery Conclusions: Occurrence of precipitating factors for HE in patients with CL is a common phenomenon and all such patients must be hospitalized to ascertain and manage such factors.
Back to Basics

W h e n C o n gr e ss p a sse d th e C le a n A ir A ct A m e n d m e n t s o f 1990, t h e y in clu d e d two p r o visio n s t h a t we r e in t e n d e d to im p r o ve o u r a b ilit y to a sse ss a n d m a n a ge r isk s t o h u m a n h e a lt h r e su lt in g fr o m e xp o su r e t o ch e m ica ls. T h e ® r st o f th e se wa s t o r e q u e st t h e N a t io n a l A cadem y o f Scie n ce s ( N A S) to a r e vie w t h e m e th o d s u se d to a sse ss t h e ca r cin o ge n ic r isk a sso cia t e d wit h e xp o su r e t o h a za r d o u s a ir p o llu t a n t s a n d to r e co m m e n d im p r o ve m e n ts.o C o n gr e ss a lso r e q u e st e d t h e A cad em y to a lo ok a t o th e r ch r o n ic e ffe ct s a n d n o n ca n ce r e ffe ct s fo r w h ich sa fe th r e sh o ld s m igh t n o t e x ist . o W h e n t h e N a t io n a l R e se a r ch C o u n cil a cce p te d th is ch a r ge t h e y n a r r o we d th e m a n d a te t o in clu d e o n ly t o xico lo gic r isk , a n d t h e r e su lt in g r e p o r t , w h ich w a s ca lle d Scie n ce a n d J u d ge m e n t in R isk A ssessm e n t ( N R C , 1994) , w a s fo cu se d o n t o p ics su ch a s u n ce r t a in t y a n d va r ia t io n , t h e u se o f d e fa u lt s a n d e xp o su r e , i t e r a t io n a n d m ixtu r e s , se n sit ive p o p u la t io n s a n d co m p a r a t ive r isk , b r igh t lin e s, p e e r r e v ie w, a n d o th e r t o xico lo gic issu e s. T h e co m m it te e co n clu d e d t h a t th e cu r r e n t E n vir o n m e n t a l P r o t e ct io n A ge n cy ( E PA ) h e a lt h r isk a sse s sm e n t m e th o d o lo gy n e e d s to e st a b lish b o th it s scie n t i ® c a n d p o licy b a se s m o r e cle a r ly b u t wa s u n a b le to r e a ch a co n se n su s o n w h e t h e r a p la u sib le co n se r va t ism o o r a b e st scie n ce o sh o u ld b e t h e p r im a r y b a sis fo r r isk a sse ssm e n t . C o n se q u e n t ly p o sit io n s t a t e m e n t s fo r b o t h a r gu m e n t s w e r e d eve lo pe d . T h e se co n d p r o visio n o f th e 1990 C le a n A ir A ct A m e n d m e n ts fo r im p r o vin g o u r a b ilit y to id e n t ify a n d m a n a ge r isk s wa s t o m a n d a te a r isk a sse ssm e n t a n d m a n a ge m e n t co m m issio n t o a in ve st iga t e t h e p o licy im p lica t io n s a n d a p p r o p r ia t e u se o f r isk a sse ssm e n t a n d r isk m a n a ge m e n t in r e gu la to r y p r o gr a m s t o p r e ve n t ca n ce r a n d o t h e r ch r o n ic h u m a n h e a lt h e ffe ct s fr o m e xp o su r e to h a za r d o u s su b sta n ce s.o T h e co m m issio n w a s e st a b lish e d w it h 10 m e m b e r s, t h r e e a p p o in t e d b y t h e P r e sid e n t , six b y C o n gr e ssio n a l le a d e r s, a n d o n e b y t h e P r e sid e n t o f th e N A S. G ilb e r t O m e n , D e a n , Sch o o l o f P u b lic H e a lth , U n ive r sit y o f
Letter to the Editor

The recent report by Morgan (1998) highlights an area important to psychiatry which is frequently overlooked. Fortunately, from his results it would appear that there may have been heightened awareness following the DVLA communication (1993), which was distributed prior to the study by Thompson and Nelson (1996). The effects of the medication we prescribe is another issue involving psychiatry and driving that is of importance. Sedation and drowsiness are well-noted side-effects of many treatments used in psychiatry. They can lead to worsening of driver performance. Currie et al. (1995) demonstrated a significantly increased frequency of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in those responsible for accidents when comparing two accident groups presenting to an Accident and Emergency department. We carried out a cross-sectional study of in-patients and out-patients in a psychiatric setting (unpublished data, 1998). It was noted whether patients were being advised on the effect that medication would have on driving skills. We were surprised to discover that 44% of drivers on sedative medication were unaware of the possible side-effects. Many of those aware had not been warned by the prescribing doctor but had read warnings upon the container of the medication. Failure to inform our patients of the sedating properties of medication may lead to unfortunate incidents. This may even lead to Letter to the Editor 275
Development and Evaluation of Insulin Incorporated Nanoparticles for Oral Administration

The current study was designed to prepare and characterize insulin incorporated nanoparticles by complex coacervation process followed by antidiabetic study of orally administered insulin incorporated nanoparticles in diabetic rats. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, loading and entrapment efficiency as well as in vitro release of incorporated insulin. The prepared nanoparticles were found to have an average particle size of 551.67 nm . The highest entrapment efficiency and loading capacity values were found to be of and , respectively. Oral administration of 10 IU/Kg of insulin loaded nanoparticles to diabetic rats showed a maximum blood glucose change of at 5-hours time period. The results obtained indicate the potential of prepared nanoparticulate system as a carrier for oral delivery of insulin.
Towards better Validity: Dispersion based Clustering for Unsupervised Person Re-identification

Person re-identification aims to establish the correct identity correspondences of a person moving through a non-overlapping multi-camera installation. Recent advances based on deep learning models for this task mainly focus on supervised learning scenarios where accurate annotations are assumed to be available for each setup. Annotating large scale datasets for person re-identification is demanding and burdensome, which renders the deployment of such supervised approaches to real-world applications infeasible. Therefore, it is necessary to train models without explicit supervision in an autonomous manner. In this paper, we propose an elegant and practical clustering approach for unsupervised person re-identification based on the cluster validity consideration. Concretely, we explore a fundamental concept in statistics, namely \emph{dispersion}, to achieve a robust clustering criterion. Dispersion reflects the compactness of a cluster when employed at the intra-cluster level and reveals the separation when measured at the inter-cluster level. With this insight, we design a novel Dispersion-based Clustering (DBC) approach which can discover the underlying patterns in data. This approach considers a wider context of sample-level pairwise relationships to achieve a robust cluster affinity assessment which handles the complications may arise due to prevalent imbalanced data distributions. Additionally, our solution can automatically prioritize standalone data points and prevents inferior clustering. Our extensive experimental analysis on image and video re-identification benchmarks demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods by a significant margin. Code is available at this https URL.
Determination of Alfuzosin, Silodosin and Naftopidil in Different Matrices - A Review

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia generally affects males above fourty years of age and has significant effect in overall quality of life (QOL). This is one of the cause of millions of dollors in healthcare expenditure. Alpha one adrenoreceptor blockers are frequently used for the benign prostatic enlargement because of their significant effect on storage and voiding symptoms, QOL, flow rate and post void residual urine volume. The present study is review on the determination of three alpha one adrenoreceptor blockers Alfuzosin, Silodosin and Naftopidil in various matrices and combinations. This kind of literature is helpful for those scientists engaged in the determination of these drugs by supporting them in terms of current available literature is one platform so that they can decide the initial conditions of their research such as decisions of mobile phase, dilutions etc. This review article also helps scientists engaged in developing formulations of these drugs.