Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of travel patterns using passive cellular phone data

This paper presents methods for inferring selected travel patterns using passive cell-phone technology. The paper handles two issues that are related to the cellular phone technology: ‘zigzagging’ patterns that do not represent a movement, and track recording of the closest antenna location that serves the cell-phone, which means that the information of the location of the cell-phone itself is not accurate. The home and commuter location of each user is validated at the aggregate district level. The paper shows selected results that can be used for transportation analysis, including a comparison of the results to known models from preceding years.
DistributedCommunication-AwareCoverageControl by Mobile SensorNetworks ?

The purpose of this paper is to propose a distributed control scheme to maximize area coverage by a mobile robot network while ensuring reliable communication between the members of the team. The information that is generated at the sensors depends on the sensing capabilities of the sensors as well as on the frequency at which events occur in their vicinity, captured by appropriate probability density functions. This information is then routed to a fixed set of access points via a multi-hop network whose links model the probability that information packets are correctly decoded at their intended destinations. The proposed distributed control scheme simultaneously optimizes coverage and routing of information by sequentially alternating between optimization of the two objectives. Specifically, optimization of the communication variables is performed periodically in the dual domain. Then, between communication rounds, the robots move to optimize coverage. Motion control is due to the solution of a distributed sequential concave program that handles efficiently the introduced nonlinearities in the mobility space. Our method is illustrated in computer simulations.
A novel methodology to estimate a measurement of the inherent difficulty of an indoor localization radio map

This paper presents a novel methodology to obtain a measure of the difficulty of a scenario to obtain accurate localization results when testing an indoor positioning method. The variables used to measure indoor localization methods' accuracy are strongly dependent on the radio map used to test them. This makes it hard to compare different methods' performance. The proposed RMID indicator can be used to obtain a difficulty measure from a fingerprinting data set. This indicator will show if the precision obtained with a positioning method, using that data set, can be considered a reliable measurement of the method performance, by estimating the inherent difficulty of the radio map on which the accuracy has been reported.
Oncogenic and ligand‐dependent activation of KIT/PDGFRA in surgical samples of imatinib‐treated gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs)

As the range of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors widens, a detailed understanding of the activating mechanisms of KIT/platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)A and the related downstream pathways involved in the development and maintenance of GISTs is becoming increasingly important. We analysed areas with different histological response ratios in surgical specimens taken from imatinib‐treated and untreated GIST patients in order to investigate KIT and PDGFRA expression/activation, the presence of their cognate ligands and the activation of downstream signalling, by means of biochemistry, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. All of the cases showed KIT and PDGFRA co‐expression. In addition to the oncogenic activation of mutated receptors, activation of wild‐type KIT and wild‐type PDGFRA, sustained by heterodimerization and an autocrine–paracrine loop, was demonstrated by the presence of their specific ligands, stem cell factor (SCF) and PDGFA. To confirm RTK activation further, all of the samples (including those with the highest regression ratios) were investigated for downstream effectors, and all proved to have activated downstream signalling. The results show that after the mutated receptors are switched off, heterologous wild‐type receptors become important in imatinib‐treated GISTs as a means of maintaining signalling activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that drugs targeting wild‐type receptors should be tested in imatinib‐treated GIST patients. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo studies with an intravascular and intracardiac reflection oximeter.

An oximeter is described which employs two bundles of flexible glass fibers to conduct appropriately filtered light into, and that light diffusely reflected by the blood out of, the blood stream for the determination of oxygen saturation or dye concentration within blood flowing past the tip of either an arterial needle or a cardiac catheter which contains both bundles. The ratio of intensities of the reflected light at two wavelengths is linearly related to oxygen saturation (IRR805/ IRR660) and dye concentration (IRR900/IRR805). Data is reported in vivo and in vitro with respect to accuracy of the determinations (± 1.9%). The effect of patient-to-patient variation in hematocrit and other factors, and of pulsatile blood flow, is described. Application of the technique to physiologic study is illustrated, and theoretical aspects of reflection oximetry, as they apply to the instrument, are discussed. Submitted on November 17, 1961
Follicular-Fluid Factors and Granulosa-Cell Gene Expression Associated with Follicle Deviation in Cattle1

Abstract Intrafollicular changes in the largest follicle (F1) and second-largest (F2) follicle were examined in relation to follicle diameter deviation. Deviation is characterized by continued growth of the largest follicle and the cessation of growth of the smaller follicles. Granulosa cells and follicular fluid were obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries (n = 95 pairs, experiment 1), and follicular fluid was collected in vivo (n = 28 heifers, experiment 2). Several ranges in the diameter of F1 were used to represent the progressive growth of the follicle. The diameter range with the first significant increase in the difference between F1 and F2 was determined for each end point and was used as an indicator of the sequence of events associated with diameter deviation. An increased difference for diameter and for estradiol concentration occurred (P < 0.05) simultaneously at the 8.5- to 8.9-mm range in both experiments. In experiment 1, the increased difference between F1 and F2 in LH receptor (LHr) mRNA expression occurred (P < 0.05) at the 8.0- and 8.4-mm range. In F2 of experiment 2, there was a progressive decrease (P < 0.05) in free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and a progressive increase (P < 0.05) in IGF binding protein (BP)-2 across the follicle-diameter ranges (7.5-11.2 mm). No differences were detected between F1 and F2 for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA expression in experiment 1 and testosterone, total inhibin, and dimeric inhibin-A concentrations in experiment 2. The results indicated that the acquisition of granulosa cell LHrs by F1, as indicated by increased LHr mRNA expression, occurred one diameter range before an increased difference between F1 and F2 for diameter or estradiol concentrations. On a temporal basis, it is concluded that LHr acquisition plays a role in the establishment of diameter deviation. In addition, the reduced growth of F2 may have involved the reduced bioavailability of IGF-1 in association with elevated IGFBPs.
Research on Web service-based virtual enterprise integration framework

This paper analyzes the connotations and characteristics of WSVE, puts forward the integration framework and process of virtual enterprise based on WEB service with target on the change of enterprise demands so as to shorten the time for the identification and organization of virtual enterprise, find out suitable partners among large number of available potential partners, strengthen the autonomy degree of partners and decrease the coupling degree of the integration of virtual enterprise.
Overexpression of copper/zinc‐superoxide dismutase in transgenic mice markedly impairs regeneration and increases development of neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve injury

Despite the general capacity of peripheral nervous system to regenerate, peripheral nerve injury is often followed by incomplete recovery of function, sometimes with the burden of neuropathic pain. The mechanisms of both regeneration and nociception have not been clarified, but it is known that inflammatory reactions are involved. Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an important scavenger protein that acts against oxidative stress. It has been shown to play an important role in apoptosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the role of SOD1 overexpression in peripheral nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain‐related behavior in mice. Sciatic nerves of SOD1‐overexpressing and FVB/N wild type‐mice were transected and immediately resutured. Evaluation of motor and sensory function and autotomy was carried out during 4 weeks of followup. We found markedly worse sciatic function index outcome as well as more significant atrophy of denervated muscles in SOD1‐overexpressing animals compared with wild type. Autotomy was markedly worse in SOD1 transgenic mice than in wild‐type animals. Histological evaluation revealed that the intensity of regeneration features, including numbers of GAP‐43‐positive growth cones, Schwann cells, and macrophages in the distal stump of the transected nerve, was also decreased in transgenic mice. Neuroma formation at the injury site was significantly more prominent in this group. Taken together, our findings suggest that SOD1 overexpression is deleterious for nerve regeneration processes and aggravates neuropathic pain‐like state in mice. This can be at least partially ascribed to disturbed inflammatory reactions at the injury site. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hand Sanitizer as an Alternative to Ultrasound Transmission Gel

To the Editor: Wewould like to thankDr El-Boghdadly and colleagues for their thoughtful comments regarding our review of the published evidence related to performing ultrasound-guided (USG) “Pecs” blocks. They astutely note that the data for USG Pecs blocks are very recent and generally sparse; therefore, we agree that we cannot use the current state of evidence to establish efficacy or safety of the techniques. Our summary states that currently available data are insufficient to determine safety of these blocks or their effect on clinical outcomes. With this said, we would like to remind readers that the expressed purpose of our review as stated in the executive summary is “to assess the evidence basis for ultrasound guidance as a nerve localization tool,” and not to review the evidence supporting the blocks themselves. It is also important to note that there are few to no published data related to performing Pecs blocks by any method other than ultrasound guidance. Our recommendations follow a standardized format and use the Jadad score and the system devised by the US Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. According to this validated system, one randomized controlled trial with a Jadad score of 3 merits a score of Ib and justifies a grade A recommendation. We also agree with Dr El-Boghdadly and colleagues that the different Pecs blocks represent different target/nerves with different areas of distribution, which implies that each block, may have separate and unique indications. More research on indications, techniques, efficacy, risks, and complications is needed before we can make recommendations beyond the current scoring system.
Composite Hydrogels with Tunable Anisotropic Morphologies and Mechanical Properties

Fabrication of anisotropic hydrogels exhibiting direction-dependent structure and properties has attracted great interest in biomimicking, tissue engineering, and bioseparation. Herein, we report a freeze-casting-based fabrication of structurally and mechanically anisotropic aerogels and hydrogels composed of hydrazone cross-linked poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). We show that, by controlling the composition of the CNC/POEGMA dispersion and the freeze-casting temperature, aerogels with fibrillar, columnar, or lamellar morphologies can be produced. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments show that the anisotropy of the structure originates from the alignment of the mesostructures, rather than the CNC building blocks. The composite hydrogels show high structural and mechanical integrity and a strong variation in Young’s moduli in orthogonal directions. The controllable morphology and hydrogel anisotropy, coupled with hydrazone cross-linking and biocompatib.
Attitude estimation for normal flight and collision recovery of a quadrotor UAV

A comparison of attitude estimation algorithms is performed to allow selection of an appropriate algorithm for a quadrotor collision recovery system. A Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter (MEKF), an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), a complementary filter, an H∞ Filter, and adaptive varieties of the selected filters are chosen for comparison. The adaptive modifications to the estimation algorithms are developed to better estimate the attitude during a collision. The algorithms are compared in simulated normal flight as well as during a simulated collision in order to show which estimation algorithm provides the best quadrotor attitude estimate in all conditions. An approach to modify simulated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data to match experimental data during a quadrotor collision is developed. The results show that slight improvements can be found using the adaptive algorithms and that overall, the UKF algorithms are found to outperform other estimators during regular flight and after a collision.
Cerebrovascular complications of the use of the "crack" form of alkaloidal cocaine.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS The use of cocaine, especially one of its alkaloidal forms ("crack"), has been increasingly associated with cerebrovascular disease. To clarify the clinical, radiologic, and pathological features of the events associated with cocaine use, we identified 28 patients at four medical centers who had stroke temporally related to the use of alkaloidal cocaine (during or within 72 hours of use). RESULTS The 28 patients had the following types of cerebrovascular event: cerebral infarction (n = 18 [2 hemorrhagic; 1 fatal]) in the areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery (n = 10), anterior cerebral artery (n = 3), posterior cerebral artery (n = 1), and vertebrobasilar arteries (n = 4); subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 5); intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n = 4); and primary intraventricular hemorrhage (n = 1). Eighteen patients (64 percent) had acute neurologic symptoms immediately or within one hour of using cocaine. Fifteen patients (45 percent) with either occlusive or hemorrhagic strokes had sever headache as an early symptom. Vasculitis was not suggested by radiography in any patient, nor was it identified on pathological examination in one patient who died. All the patients were young (mean age, 34 years; range, 23 to 49) and had no other apparent, direct cause of stroke. Other risk factors for stroke among the patients included mild mitral-valve prolapse (n = 4), hypertension (n = 4), cigarette smoking (n = 8), and regular alcohol use (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong temporal association of the use of alkaloidal cocaine with both ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events. Cocaine-related stroke probably has many causes. A thorough history focusing on the use of cocaine and toxicologic screening of urine and serum should be part of the evaluation of any young patient with a stroke.
Identification and Characterization of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Response Elements in the Mouse Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Gene*

The response of the pituitary gonadotrope to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) correlates directly with the concentration of GnRH receptors (GnRHR) on the cell surface, which is mediated in part at the level of GnRHR gene expression. Several hormones have been implicated in this regulation, most notably GnRH itself. Despite these observations and the central role that GnRH is known to play in reproductive development and function, the molecular mechanism(s) by which GnRH regulates transcription of the GnRHR gene has not been well elucidated. Previous studies in this laboratory have identified and partially characterized the promoter region of the mouse GnRHR gene and demonstrated that the regulatory elements for tissue-specific expression as well as for GnRH regulation are present within the 1.2-kilobase 5′-flanking sequence. By using deletion and mutational analysis as well as functional transfection studies in the murine gonadotrope-derived αT3-1 cell line, we have localized GnRH responsiveness of the mouse GnRHR gene to two DNA sequences at −276/−269 (designated Sequence UnderlyingResponsiveness to GnRH-2 (SURG-2), which contains the consensus sequence for the activating protein-1-binding site) and −292/−285 (a novel element designated SURG-1), and demonstrated that this response is mediated via protein kinase C. By using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we further demonstrate that a member(s) of the Fos/Jun heterodimer superfamily is responsible in part for the DNA-protein complexes formed on SURG-2, using αT3-1 nuclear extracts. These data define a bipartite GnRH response element in the mouse GnRHR 5′-flanking sequence and suggest that the activating protein-1 complex plays a central role in conferring GnRH responsiveness to the murine GnRHR gene.
A Survey Of Graph Based Software Watermarking

Software watermarking involves embedding a unique identifier within a piece of software, to discourage software theft. The global revenue loss due to software piracy was estimated to be more than $50 billion in 2008. We survey the proposed software watermarking algorithms based on graph encoding. Graph based watermarking schemes, like other watermarking schemes, can be divided into two groups: static and dynamic. Static graph watermarks are embedding in a control-flow graph within a program whereas dynamic graph watermarks are embedding in a graph data-structure built at run-time. We describe the proposed static and dynamic graph watermarking schemes, highlighting strengths and weaknesses and concluding with a proposal for future work with dynamic graph watermarking.
Strength Training Effects on Muscular Regeneration after ACL Reconstruction

PurposeProtracted quadriceps muscle atrophy is observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). The aim of this study was to assess if quadriceps strength training with eccentric overload (CON/ECC+) is more efficient to induce muscle regeneration after ACL-R than conventional concentric/eccentric (CON/ECC) strength training. MethodsBiopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained from 37 recreational athletes after 12 wk of regular rehabilitation after ACL-R and again after 12 wk with twice a week of either conventional CON/ECC (n = 16) or CON/ECC+ (n = 21) one-legged supervised leg-press training. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to determine satellite cell (SC) number (Pax7+); activated SC number (Pax7+/MyoD+); fibers expressing myosin heavy-chain (MHC) I and II, MHC neonatal, and fiber cross-sectional area. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure quadriceps cross-sectional area and isokinetic testing for the measurement of quadriceps strength. ResultsCON/ECC+ induced a significantly (P = 0.002) greater increase in quadriceps cross-sectional area than did CON/ECC. There also was a significant increase in the fiber cross-sectional areas of all fiber types and in quadriceps strength, but without significant difference between training groups. Only CON/ECC+ training led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in percent type I fibers. After training, the number of MHC I+/MHCneo+ fibers was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the CON/ECC+ than after in the CON/ECC group. The proportion of hybrid fibers tended to decrease in both groups; percent type II fibers, SC number, and activated SC number remained unchanged. ConclusionsCON/ECC+ leads to significantly greater muscle hypertrophy compared with CON/ECC, but without the hypothesized enhancing effect on SC activation. At the same time, CON/ECC+ induces a less favorable slower muscle phenotype for strong and fast movements.
Down-Regulation of Plasma Intrinsic Protein1 Aquaporin in Poplar Trees Is Detrimental to Recovery from Embolism1[C][W]

Aquaporins are involved in the maintenance of xylem transport system capacity, they promote recovery from stress, and they contribute to the control of stomatal conductance under water stress. During their lifecycles, trees encounter multiple events of water stress that often result in embolism formation and temporal decreases in xylem transport capacity. The restoration of xylem transport capacity requires changes in cell metabolic activity and gene expression. Specifically, in poplar (Populus spp.), the formation of xylem embolisms leads to a clear up-regulation of plasma membrane protein1 (PIP1) aquaporin genes. To determine their role in poplar response to water stress, transgenic Populus tremula × Populus alba plants characterized by the strong down-regulation of multiple isoforms belonging to the PIP1 subfamily were used. Transgenic lines showed that they are more vulnerable to embolism, with 50% percent loss of conductance occurring 0.3 MPa earlier than in wild-type plants, and that they also have a reduced capacity to restore xylem conductance during recovery. Transgenic plants also show symptoms of a reduced capacity to control percent loss of conductance through stomatal conductance in response to drought, because they have a much narrower vulnerability safety margin. Finally, a delay in stomatal conductance recovery during the period of stress relief was observed. The presented results suggest that PIP1 genes are involved in the maintenance of xylem transport system capacity, in the promotion of recovery from stress, and in contribution to a plant’s control of stomatal conductance under water stress.
MODELING AND CONTROL OF A TOWED SEISMIC STREAMER

This paper presents results on the modeling and control of a long towed cable. The cable is divided into cable elements connected by depth actuators. Each cable element is modeled as a three-dimensional string, where the cable is allowed to possess nonlinear tension. The passivity properties of the cable element are established. Exponetial decay of energy in the coupled transversal motion of the cable element is achieved by boundary control in the presence of vanishing perturbations. When subjected to nonvanishing perturbations, the energy growth in the cable is shown to be upper bounded. A cascaded cable system is then considered, and the passivity properties of the cascaded cable system are established. Using Lyapunov's direct method, asymptotic decay of energy is achieved in the cascaded system with passive controllers applied at the connection points.