Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved MoM-PO hybrid method for scattering from multiple 3-D objects above the 2-D random conducting rough surface

ABSTRACT An improved hybrid scheme combining the method of moment (MoM) and the physical optic (PO) is first presented to investigate scattering from multiple 3-D conducting objects above the electrically large conducting rough surface. First, the composite model is constructed by dividing rough surface into PO area and multiple objects into MoM area, and each object is divided into different area further. Next, the electric current in PO area is obtained through the PO approximation and the electric current in MoM area is computed by MoM. The contribution of PO area is coupled into impedance matrix of MoM. Domain distribution method is introduced, by which electric field integral equations are established on the surface of each object in MoM area and solved at the same time. Vector–matrix multiplication between the objects and the rough surface is accelerated by fast far field approximation, working by reducing the interaction between source point and observation point. What’s more, adaptive integral method is used to accelerate the MoM part, by which the computing complexity is reduced from O(M2) to O(MlogM). Compared with traditional coupling MoM-PO, this improved hybrid method proves to be much faster and has the same accuracy. Numerical examples are presented to analyze the composite scattering from multiple objects above rough surface under different conditions.
Aspects of Coupled Problems in Computational Electromagnetics Formulations

This paper addresses different aspects of"coupled"model descriptions in computational electromagnetics. This includes domain decomposition, multiscale problems, multiple or hybrid discrete field formulation and multi-physics problems. Theoretical issues of accuracy, stability and numerical efficiency of the resulting formulations are addressed along with advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches. Examples for multi-method, multi-domain, multi-formulation and multi-physics coupled formulations stem from numerical testing of electromagnetic compatibility in complex scenarios and numerical dosimetry of biological organisms in electromagnetic exposure situations and from simulations of large systems in electromagnetic power transmission.
Multiscaled Hybrid Features Generation for AdaBoost Object Detection

This work presents the multiscaled version of modified census features in graphical objects detection with AdaBoost cascade training algorithm. Several experiments with face detector training process demonstrate better performance of such features over ordinal census and Haar-like approaches. The possibilities to join multiscaled census and Haar features in single hybrid cascade of strong classifiers are also elaborated and tested. The high resolution example images were used in detector training process.
Automated Verification of Rules and Regulations Compliance in CAD Models of Railway Signalling and Interlocking

The design of signalling and interlocking for railway stations can require large efforts in checking consistency with rules, regulations and expert knowledge. This obstacle can slow down projects and hinder design iterations. Much of this manual effort can be automated. The authors suggest a software architecture based on familiar computer-aided design (CAD) practices where railML documents and other machine-readable railway representations are embedded in CAD database elements, and an automated rule-based verification software verifies the consistency of the design with respect to the relevant rules. The theory and tools of logic programming and knowledge-base systems are used for this purpose. The verification is performed directly on a CAD model from within the CAD program user interface, and inconsistencies (rule violations) are presented to the user by highlighting the relevant objects in the CAD model. This CAD integration can greatly increase the usage of automated verification during the design process because it is performed behind the scenes and requires very little of the user. This approach also facilitates data exchange with other types of analysis tools with much less effort than the traditional process, by exporting machine-readable data formats from a CAD model. The method has been tested on a real-world design project in Norway. The performance of the implementation is promising, and the feasibility for on-the-fly rule verification on larger railway stations is discussed together with several possible ways to improve the running times. The implementation is integrated with the RailCOMPLETE® software.
Improved method and application to choose the nodes for BP neural network

An improved method for choosing the number of nodes in hidden layer was proposed.The method is based on the linear correlation of the output of hidden layers to estimate the number.The last part put the improved method into the application of species select,using MATLAB program to realize and making comparison with the result of regression analysis.The results show that the method makes advance in guiding to the structure of the BP neural network.
High focusing efficiency in subdiffraction focusing metalens

Abstract Vector beams with phase modulation in a high numerical aperture system are able to break through the diffraction limit. However, the implementation of such a device requires a combination of several discrete bulky optical elements, increasing its complexity and possibility of the optical loss. Dielectric metalens, an ultrathin and planar nanostructure, has a potential to replace bulky optical elements, but its optimization with full-wave simulations is time-consuming. In this paper, an accurate and efficient theoretical model of planar metalens is developed. Based on this model, a twofold optimization scheme is proposed for optimizing the phase profile of metalenses so as to achieve subdiffraction focusing with high focusing efficiency. Then, a metalens that enables to simultaneously generate radially polarized beam (RPB) and modulate its phase under the incidence of x-polarized light with the wavelength of 532 nm is designed. Full-wave simulations show that the designed metalens of NA = 0.95 can achieve subdiffraction focusing (FWHM = 0.429λ) with high transmission efficiency (77.6%) and focusing efficiency (17.2%). Additionally, superoscillation phenomenon is found, leading to a compromise between the subdiffraction spot and high efficiency. The proposed method may provide an accurate and efficient way to achieve sub-wavelength imaging with the expected performances, which shows a potential application in super-resolution imaging.
Address Settlement by Peer to Peer

This document defines Address Settlement by Peer-to-Peer (ASP), a peer-to-peer (P2P) binary signaling protocol for usage on the Internet. A P2P signaling protocol provides its clients with an abstract hash table service between a set of cooperating peers that form the P2P network. ASP is designed to support a P2P Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) network, but it can be utilized by other applications with similar requirements. ASP introduces the notion of usages, which are a collection of data types that are required for a particular application. For SIP, these types include location, STUN and TURN servers. ASP defines a security model based on a certificate enrollment service that provides peers with unique identities. ASP also provides protocol extensibility and defines a migration methodology, allowing for major upgrades of the P2P network without service disruption.
Alternate Assessments to Support Formative Evaluations in an Asynchronous Online Computer Engineering Graduate Course

This exploratory essay describes the design and implementation of alternate assessment techniques, such as asynchronous online discussions, virtual labs, open ended module assignments and final project, in an asynchronous online computer engineering graduate course on cognitive radio networks. The course is designed based on the premise of formative evaluations, that is, incorporating a feedback mechanism for each assessment submission. Such feedback provides means for both the instructors and learners to engage with the content and with each other in a meaningful way to create an enriching learning experience. Moreover, designing assessments that stretches students’ thought-process is critical to engineering pedagogy. This is implemented in the course as structured threaded discussion forums, governed by instructors that provide thought-provoking guiding questions followed by peer discussion. This essay also explores the design and implementation of virtual laboratory sessions complementing the bi-weekly homework assignments and a final project. It describes the assessment design decisions, based on the overall course learning outcomes, taken to suit the online learners. The aim of this essay is to inform, the community of asynchronous online computer engineering educators, of assessment techniques, other than the traditional formats of multiple choice questions and sit-in proctored exams, based on this cognitive radio networks class. It will also showcase the ways to implement such assessments successfully in an online environment along with the highlighting the overall design process of the course.
Ultrasensitive Chiral Spectroscopy by Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in High Harmonic Generation

We propose and numerically demonstrate a new very robust and highly selective method for femtosecond time-resolved chiral spectroscopy using high harmonic generation (HHG). The method is based on dynamical symmetry breaking from chiral media, and relies only on intense electric-dipole transitions, and not on the interplay of electric and magnetic dipoles. The symmetry breaking results in the emission of a strong chiral signal in the form of otherwise 'forbidden' harmonics (i.e., that are not emitted from achiral media). The intensity of these symmetry-forbidden harmonics is directly correlated to the media's enantiomeric excess, yielding chiral selectivity. On the contrary, the strength of the 'allowed' harmonics is chiral-independent, hence they can be used as a reference to provide chiral selectivity from a single measurement, unlike previous time-resolved schemes that require multiple measurements. We demonstrate numerically 96% discrimination level from microscopic gas phase emission, outperforming by far previous time-resolved methods (the selectivity should be further enhanced when the HHG process is phase matched). We expect the new method to give rise to precise table-top characterization of chiral media in the gas-phase, and for highly sensitive time-resolved ultrafast probing of dynamical chiral processes.
The Applicability of Empirical Prediction Intervals to Energy Forecasting

Energy projections, such as those contained in the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the World Energy Outlook by the International Energy Agency, are important because they are often used as the basis for investment and policy decisions. Retrospective analyses of past energy projections have shown that the observed evolution of the quantities can sometimes differ from the projection by several hundred percent. A thorough treatment of uncertainty is essential for good decision-making. This work evaluates a method for probabilistic forecasts empirical prediction intervals which is based on past projection errors. The approach is illustrated using the EIA’s AEO. We present an evaluation of the out-of-sample forecasting performance of several empirical density forecasting methods. We find prediction intervals for the AEO projections that capture the true uncertainty better than the range of EIA’s scenarios. We give guidance on how to evaluate and communicate uncertainty in future energy outlooks, but findings are also applicable to forecasts in other fields.
Optical Fiber Transfer Delay Measurement Based on Phase-Derived Ranging

High-accuracy optical fiber transfer delay (OFTD) measurement with a broad measurement range is essential for the development of high-speed or parallel optical devices and systems. In this letter, we propose a system for OFTD measurement using the phase-derived ranging. A microwave signal is converted into an optical signal, which is transmitted through a fiber under test. After photodetection, the OFTD is converted into the phase shift of the microwave signal, which can be detected using a microwave phase detector. When calculating the OFTD, the phase error is divided by the highest microwave frequency, which ensures the high measurement accuracy. The integer ambiguity caused by the phase detection can be removed by sweeping the microwave frequency in a range of 1 MHz. An experiment is performed. The measurement of a motorized variable optical delay line and a long fiber shows that a dynamic range of more than 20 km and an accuracy of ±0.1 ps can be achieved with no dead zone.
THE NEEDS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASED ACCOUNTING RECORD IN INDONESIA SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES).

Agnes Utari Widyaningdyah, Tineke Wehartaty And Hendra Wijaya. Widya Mandala Catholic University of Surabaya. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 24 March 2019 Final Accepted: 26 April 2019 Published: May 2019
IRM pulmonaire 3D à temps d'écho ultracourt par acquisition spiralée ou sphérique de l'espace-k : évaluation chez des volontaires sains et dans les atteintes parenchymateuses pulmonaires

Contexte : les sequences a temps d'echo ultra-court (UTE) ameliorent la qualite de l'imagerie pulmonaire par resonance magnetique en trois dimensions. L'evaluation de la sequence 3D-UTE stack-of-spirals VIBE (3D-USV) dans le cadre des atteintes parenchymateuses pulmonaires et sa comparaison avec un mode de balayage spherique sont necessaires. Objectif : evaluer la qualite de l'image obtenue avec la sequence prototype 3D-USV et comparer sa performance a celle de la sequence spherique Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition (PETRA). Type D'etude : mono-centrique, prospective. Population : douze volontaires sains et trente-deux malades atteints soit de mucoviscidose (CF; n=16) soit d'une maladie interstitielle pulmonaire (ILD; n=16). Puissance du champ/sequence : les deux sequences en respiration libre 3D-USV et PETRA ont ete realisee a 1.5T. Evaluation : chez les volontaires sains, la qualite de l'image a ete analysee visuellement avec une echelle de Likert. Une mesure quantitative des rapports de signal (Sr) et de contraste (Cr) apparents a ete realisee. Les patients atteints de CF et d'ILD ont beneficie a la fois d'une TDM et d'une IRM. Les alterations structurales ont ete evaluees a l'aide de scores dedies. Deux observateurs ont realise les differentes evaluations de facon consensuelle. Tests statistiques : la comparaison des medianes a ete evaluee avec le test des rangs signes de Wilcoxon. La concordance entre TDM et IRM a ete evaluee a l'aide du coefficient de correlation intraclasse (ICC) et du coefficient Kappa. Resultats : chez les volontaires sains, 3D-USV a produit moins d'artefacts que PETRA du fait d'une meilleure synchronisation respiratoire (p<0.001). Toutefois, comparativement a PETRA, le Sr et le Cr avec 3D-USV etaient significativement inferieurs de 2.25 et 2.36 fois, respectivement (p<0.001). Chez les malades, 3D-USV et PETRA avaient des performances comparables pour l'evaluation de l'atteinte des voies aeriennes en cas de muscoviscidose (score de Bhalla, ICC=0.89 et ICC=0.92, respectivement) et la presence d'alterations structurales en cas d'ILD telles que du rayon de miel (kappa=0.68 et kappa=0.69, respectivement). Conclusion : 3D-USV est une sequence d'IRM pulmonaire en haute resolution ne necessitant pas de dispositif externe pour la synchronisation respiratoire. L'automatisation de la synchronisation et la robustesse de la sequence pourraient faciliter son application en routine clinique a la fois pour les atteintes des voies aeriennes et les atteintes interstitielles.
Infinite dimensional semiclassical analysis and applications to a model in nuclear magnetic resonance

We are concerned in this paper with the connection between the dynamics of a model related to nuclear magnetic resonance in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and its classical counterpart known as the Maxwell-Bloch equations. The model in QFT is a model of quantum electrodynamics considering fixed spins interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field in an external constant magnetic field. This model is close to the common spin-boson model. The classical model goes back to Bloch [Phys. Rev. 70, 460 (1946)]. Our goal is not only to study the derivation of the Maxwell-Bloch equations but also to establish a semiclassical asymptotic expansion of arbitrary high order with control of the error terms of these standard nonlinear classical motion equations. This provides therefore quantum corrections of any order in powers of the semiclassical parameter of the Bloch equations. Besides, the asymptotic expansion for the photon number is also analyzed, and a law describing the photon number time evolution is written down involving the radiation field polarization. Since the quantum photon state Hilbert space (radiation field) is infinite dimensional, we are thus concerned in this article with the issue of semiclassical calculus in an infinite dimensional setting. In this regard, we are studying standard notions as Wick and anti-Wick quantizations, heat operator, Beals characterization theorem, and compositions of symbols in the infinite dimensional context which can have their own interest.We are concerned in this paper with the connection between the dynamics of a model related to nuclear magnetic resonance in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and its classical counterpart known as the Maxwell-Bloch equations. The model in QFT is a model of quantum electrodynamics considering fixed spins interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field in an external constant magnetic field. This model is close to the common spin-boson model. The classical model goes back to Bloch [Phys. Rev. 70, 460 (1946)]. Our goal is not only to study the derivation of the Maxwell-Bloch equations but also to establish a semiclassical asymptotic expansion of arbitrary high order with control of the error terms of these standard nonlinear classical motion equations. This provides therefore quantum corrections of any order in powers of the semiclassical parameter of the Bloch equations. Besides, the asymptotic expansion for the photon number is also analyzed, and a law describing the photon number time evolution is written d.
Surrogate modeling and model selection in irreducible high dimensions with small sample size

There exist a number of high dimensional problems in which the dimensions cannot be effectively reduced, since all of them are more or less equally important. On top of that, when the computational models are expensive, it is not practical to perform more than a small number of model evaluations. In situations like this, a good space filling design is needed that provides maximum coverage over the input domain. In surrogate modeling methods, like kriging interpolation or radial basis function interpolation, a good sampling design can help improve the condition number of the kernel matrix by placing samples as far apart from each other as possible. In this study, the performance of three hierarchical space filled designs, namely Refined Latinized Stratified Sampling (RLSS), Hierarchical Latin Hypercube Sampling (HLHS) and Sobol quasi-random sequence, are compared using the Rosenbrock function in different dimensions. Ordinary kriging interpolation is chosen as the surrogate modeling method with different choices of correlation functions. The AIC criterion is used for model selection and the accuracy of selection is cross-verified using the root mean squared (RMS) error values. Expensive computational models are often used to replicate many complex physical systems existing in nature. The models are more often than not associated with a number of parameters, ranging from as few as 2 or 3 to as high as few thousands. The input parameters can be random in nature and can follow a distribution structure. It might be of interest to account for the variations in the quantity of interest with respect to the input parameters, each of which varies over a certain range. It can become cumbersome to achieve the above goals when dealing with computationally expensive models. An efficient approach is to perform non-intrusive surrogate modeling. A non-intrusive surrogate modeling approach deals with establishing a cheap mathematical input/output relationship using a limited number of the expensive model evaluations. There are surrogate models which use structured sampling designs [Babuška et al. (2007); Agarwal and Aluru (2009); Bhaduri and Graham-Brady (2018); Bhaduri et al. (2018)], while others use unstructured designs [Santner et al. (2013); Zhang et al. (2013); Shields (2018)]. Choice of sampling points is an important step of any surrogate modeling procedure. When the broad choice is that of an unstructured sample design, a favourable design is
Code and data files for "Quantitative properties of sovereign default models: solution methods matter"

We study the sovereign default model that has been used to account for the cyclical behavior of interest rates in emerging market economies. This model is often solved using the discrete state space technique with evenly spaced grid points. We show that this method necessitates a large number of grid points to avoid generating spurious interest rate movements. This makes the discrete state technique significantly more inefficient than using Chebyshev polynomials or cubic spline interpolation to approximate the value functions. We show that the inefficiency of the discrete state space technique is more severe for parameterizations that feature a high sensitivity of the bond price to the borrowing level for the borrowing levels that are observed more frequently in the simulations. In addition, we find that the efficiency of the discrete state space technique can be greatly improved by (i) finding the equilibrium as the limit of the equilibrium of the finite-horizon version of the model, instead of iterating separately on the value and bond price functions and (ii) concentrating grid points in asset levels at which the bond price is more sensitive to the borrowing level and in levels that are observed more often in the model simulations. Our analysis questions the robustness of results in the sovereign default literature and is also relevant for the study of other credit markets.
Preparation for Online K-12 Teachers

Preparation for Online K-12 Teachers Laura Anne McAllister Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology, BYU Master of Science This study examined existing K-12 online teacher preparation programs in the United States to ascertain the degree to which teachers are prepared to function in online/blended classroom learning environments. This study used a content analysis approach. Research specifically targeted online teacher preparation programs implemented in institutions of higher education. The researcher collected data from state offices of education and institution deans through email surveys inquiring about the existence and capacity of K-12 online teaching endorsements, course descriptions and other course documents.