Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A genomic study of the nuclear matrix attachment region recognition signature

Matrix attachment regions (MAR) are the sites on genomic DNA that interact with the nuclear matrix. A complex bipartite motif, the MAR recognition signature (MRS), has been proposed as a DNA sequence marker for MAR but its specificity and sensitivity remain unresolved. I describe here the distribution of the MRS in the genomes of a number of species from across animals and plants. The MRS is shown to have a distinctive, non­random distribution, with a particular relationship to genes. This relationship was studied in detail in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, revealing striking peaks of average MRS frequency in the regions flanking C. elegans genes. The occurrence of similar peaks in C. briggsae, Danio rerio, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens was also investigated. The nucleotide content in the vicinity of genes is examined and it too is shown to have striking peaks in regions surrounding genes. C. elegans genes associated with MRS were found to be significantly enriched for receptor activity annotations but not for some other features. Using this analysis of the genomic distribution of the MRS, the relevance of the MRS as a marker for MAR is discussed. The potential for MRS to play a functional role, as indicated by their peculiar frequency in the vicinity of genes, is also explored.
Operationalizing Drinking Identity from A Developmental Perspective: The Drinking Identity Management Scale (DIMS)

ABSTRACT The risk for alcohol misuse among emerging adults can increase by the development of a maladaptive identity structure. Recent research has shown that drinking identity serves as a risk factor for hazardous drinking. Despite this, existing measures have largely relied on unidimensional conceptualizations of drinking identity. Addressing this gap, the current study sought to develop and validate the Drinking Identity Management Scale (DIMS), a multidimensional measure of drinking identity development. The sample included 475 college students (78.1% women; Mage = 20.08 years; SD = 4.19 years). The results supported a multi-dimensional conceptualization of drinking identity consisting of exploration, commitment, compatibility, and endorsement. Additionally, drinking identity dimensions were associated with severity of alcohol use and related consequences. The current study provided preliminary evidence for the validity of the DIMS and highlights the need for future studies to capture the developmental processes underlying a drinking identity development.
Medical Entomology Studies - XI. The Subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in the Oriental Region with Keys to the Species (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract : The subgenus Stegomyia Theobald of the genus Aedes Meigen and the 5 species groups recognized in the Oriental region are characterized. The taxonomy, medical importance, immature habitats and distribution of the species of the region are discussed and summarized. Keys and illustrations are provided for the identification of adults (males and females), male terminalia, pupae and 4th stage larvae of the 5 species groups and 37 species and subspecies known to occur in this region. In addition, the detailed description of the male, female, pupa and larva of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and a redescription of the male terminalia of Aedes platylepidus Knight and Hull are given.
Gleich oder anders? Geschlechtsspezifische Befunde zur kindlichen Interaktionsqualität im Kindergarten in Österreich

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Der Stand der empirisch-wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der Kategorie „Geschlecht“ in der Padagogik der fruhen Kindheit ist im deutschsprachigen Raum durch deutliche Defizite gekennzeichnet. Dies gilt besonders mit Blick auf Fragen zur Qualitat kindlicher Interaktionsprozesse in Kindergarten. Im Beitrag wird dieses Forschungsdesiderat aufgegriffen, indem geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der kindlichen Interaktionsqualitat anhand einer Stichprobe von 254 Kindern aus 81 Kindergarten aus Tirol/Osterreich analysiert werden. Kindliche Interaktionsqualitat wird mit dem Instrument „Individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring System” (inCLASS) in den Domanen „Teacher Interactions“, „Peer Interactions“, „Task Orientation“ und „Conflict Interactions“ eingeschatzt. Wahrend die Ergebnisse kaum signifikante Geschlechtsunterschiede liefern, erweist sich die als Kontrollvariable erhobene kindliche Sprachkompetenz – bei allerdings kleinen Effektstarken – als pradiktiv fur die kindliche Interaktionsqualitat. Die Befunde werden mit Blick auf Limitationen und padagogisch-praktische Implikationen diskutiert. Schlagworter: kindliche Interaktionsprozesse, Qualitat, Geschlecht, Kindergarten ----- Same or different? Gender-specific findings on children’s interaction quality in preschools in Austria Abstract The discussion on “gender” in early childhood education in German-speaking countries is characterized by considerable gaps in research. This applies in particular to questions about the quality of children’s interactions in preschools. The contribution is intended to reduce this research gap by analyzing possible gender-specific differences in the quality of children’s interactions on the basis of a sample of 254 children from 81 kindergartens in Tyrol/Austria. The quality of children’s interactions was measured using the observation and rating tool “Individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring System” (inCLASS) with the components “Teacher Interactions”, “Peer Interactions”, “Task Orientation” and “Conflict Interactions”. The results reveal hardly statistically significant gender differences in the quality of children’s interactions. Language skills of the children, which were included as control variables, were significantly linked to the quality of interactions. However, the effect sizes were small. The results are discussed with regard to study limitations and implications for educational practice. Keywords: children’s interaction processes, quality, gender, preschool ----- Bibliographie: Smidt, Wilfried/Embacher, Eva-Maria/Kluczniok, Katharina: Gleich oder anders? Geschlechtsspezifische Befunde zur kindlichen Interaktionsqualitat im Kindergarten in Osterreich, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research, 1-2020, S. 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3224/diskurs.v15i1. 03
Methods in Cell Wall Cytochemistry

Preface Cell Wall-Morphology & Chemical Composition Carbohydrates Cellulose, Callose and other 1, 3-b-glucans, Chitins, Pectins, Hemicelluloses, Alginic Acid, Sulphated Polysaccharides Glycoproteins Structural Proteins-Lectins, Arabinogalacton Rich Proteins (AGP's), Hydroxy Proline Rich Proteins, Proline Rich Proteins, Glycine Rich Proteins, Threonine Rich Proteins, Thionins, Pistil Specific Extensin-Like Proteins Enzymes-Peroxidase, Polyamineoxidase, Phosphatase, Protease, Nitrate Reductase, Malate Dehydrogenase, Proline Hydroxylase, Glycosylhydrolases and Transferases, Non-Specific Esterases, and Ribonucleuses Lipids and Related Substances-Cutin, Suberin, Waxes, Sporopollenin, Pollenkitt, and Tryphine Lignin and Other Phenolic Substances-Lignins, Phenolic Acids and Amides Mineral Substances-Silica, Calcium, and Boron Light Microscopic Cytochemistry Introduction Tissue Preparation-Use of Fresh Living Tissue, Use of Frozen Tissue, Freeze Substitution and Drying, Chemical Fixation, Dehydration and Clearing, Infiltration and Embedding, Sectioning of Materials Stains and Staining-Introduction, Control Procedures, Incubation of Materials Mounting of Stained Materials Procedures in Tissue Preparation for Light Microscopic Cytochemistry-Freezing, Freeze Substitution and Drying Methods, Preparation of Fixatives, Dehydration and Clearing Procedures Procedures for the Cytochemical Localizations of Different Cell Wall Substances Carbohydrates-Insoluble Polysaccharides, Cellulose, Chitin, Callose, Sulphated and Carboxylated polysaccharides Proteins-Non-Specific Cell Wall Proteins, Enzymic Proteins Lignins Sporopollenins Cutins & Suberin Minerals Fluorescent Microscopic Cytochemistry Introduction Fluorescent Cytochemical Methods Cell Wall Carbohydrates Cell Wall Proteins Lignin Ferulic Acid Sporopollenin Cutin and Suberin Transmission Electron Microscopic Cytochemistry Introduction Specimen Preparation Electron Microscopic Staining TEM Cytochemical Methods Cell Wall Carbohydrates Cell Wall Proteins Cutin and Suberin Lectin Cytochemistry Introduction Procedures Involving Lectin Probes Immunocytochemistry Introduction Basics of Immunocytochemistry-Immunization, Storing and Purifying Antibodies, Labeling of Antibodies, Tissue Preparation, Immunolabeling, Mounting of Sections Methods in Immunocytochemistry-Methods in Antibody Production and Tissue Preparation, Application of Immunocytochemistry to Study Cell Wall Components Literature Cited (at the end of each Chapter)
Core temperature estimation based on electro‐thermal model of lithium‐ion batteries

The performance of battery management systems relies on the core temperature estimation, which is one of the major technical bottlenecks for electric vehicles. Aiming to tackle this problem, a lumped‐parameter two‐state thermal model for lithium‐ion batteries is established in this paper. Then, this thermal model is coupled with a temperature‐dependent second‐order RC equivalent circuit model to form an electro‐thermal model for lithium‐ion batteries. Using the proposed electro‐thermal model, an adaptive estimation algorithm based on joint Kalman filtering is proposed for battery core temperature estimation, considering the heat transfer condition variations between the battery surface and ambient media. The verification results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the temperature estimation accuracy, compared to the results obtained directly from the electro‐thermal model. Besides, the verification results demonstrate the high adaptability of the proposed algorithm, that is, it is robust to variations in ambient temperature, as well as variations in thermal resistance between the battery surface and ambient media.
Function and regulation of kinesin-1, -2 and -3

In this work the functions of the microtubule motors kinesin-1, -2 and -3 have been analysed in various settings. The reconstitution of microtubule-dependent motor activity in vitro has been primarily used to dissect the contributions of individual motors to cargo motility in two specific scenarios. Initially the regulation of kinesin-1 in a cell cycle-dependent manner has been examined by studying the ability of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules to move in cytosols prepared from Xenopus laevis egg extracts arrested in interphase, meiosis or mitosis. It was found that kinesin-1-driven ER motility is significantly disrupted during metaphase in vitro. This is likely due to the recruitment or loss of binding partners which has a concomitant influence upon kinesin-1 activity. This work presents the first evidence that kinesin-1-driven ER movement, and not simply network morphology, varies during cell division. Furthermore, it is postulated that the replication of such regulation of kinesin-1 activity in vivo may contribute to the well documented changes in organelle positioning and cargo transit through membrane trafficking pathways which occur during cell division.The fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) induces tubulation of several compartments located within the secretory and endocytic pathways in a microtubule-dependent fashion. The identity of the motor(s) responsible for this motility remains unconfirmed and controversial since several reports with conflicting data have been published. The contributions of kinesin-1, -2 and -3 to these processes have been investigated using in vitro motility assays in which rat liver Golgi membranes were combined with Xenopus laevis egg extract cytosol in the presence of BFA. Function blocking antibodies and dominant negative proteins were used to perturb the activities of various kinesin motors. This data indicates a particular isoform of kinesin-3, KIF1C, is solely responsible for the movement of BFA-induced tubules in vitro. This work was complemented by in vivo immunofluorescence studies using the HeLaM cultured cell line. Transient transfections of dominant negative proteins, or siRNA-mediated depletion, were used to disrupt the activities of various kinesin motors, either in isolation or in combination with each other. This approach revealed a contribution of KIF1C and kinesin-1 to the movement of early endosomal BFA-induced tubules in vivo.
Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.
Sıvı Ferment Yöntemiyle Ekmek Üretiminde Laktik Kültür Katkısının Etkisi

In this research, effect of the lactic culture addition into the bread produced by liquid ferment method which is the alternative method for the traditional direct method and sponge dough method, are studied. As a result of the study, the addition of daily yoghurt and yoghurt bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus lactis) into the preferment, gave better results and it had been determined shortening the bread production time, improving bread characteristics and neutral bread flavor.
Molecular Investigation of Chloroethene Reductive Dehalogenation by the Mixed Microbial Community KB1

Bioaugmentation with Dehalococcoides-containing cultures is a successful technology for the remediation of chlorinated ethene-contaminated groundwater. The overall goal of this research was to identify and characterize genes that are used by a Dehalococcoides-containing culture, KB-1, during degradation of Trichloroethene (TCE) to ethene, via cis-Dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride. Firstly, the diversity and dynamics of the microbial populations within KB1 was assessed using 16S rRNA clone libraries and quantitative PCR analyses. Secondly, reductive-dehalogenase-homologous(RDH) genes in KB1 were identified, sequenced and their transcription compared through RNA-generated RDH cDNA clone libraries. Finally, to elucidate functionally important genes within the community, Shotgun metagenome microarrays were constructed and used to investigate transcription during dechlorination. Results of the phylogenetic analyses indicated that KB1 is a diverse community of microorganisms whose stability is enhanced by functional redundancy within the culture. To fully understand this diverse community of uncultivated microorganisms a metatranscriptome approach was used. Experiments with shotgun metagenome microarrays identified spots which were statistically significantly differentially expressed during dechlorination. These spots were then sequenced, revealing Dehalococcoides and non-Dehalococcoides-genes which are important during dechlorination. These results demonstrated that shotgun microarrays can be constructed without prior sequence knowledge and used to effectively examine differential transcription within an uncultivated community. Subsequently, all of the spots of the array were sequenced, and additional array experiments were conducted. Sequencing identified 24
The neglected importance of floral traits in trait‐based plant community assembly

Understanding the rules of community assembly and species coexistence is one of the oldest and most fundamental aims of ecological research (Götzenberger et al., 2012). To date, numerous potential ecological processes have been identified as drivers of species sorting into communities. Among these, abiotic conditions and biotic interactions, as well as dispersal, are generally agreed to have an important role, beside stochastic events (Cornwell and Ackerly, 2009). Abiotic and biotic processes act as a series of filters, selecting species from a regional species pool into local communities (Zobel, 2016) based on their functional characteristics which make them suitable for the particular habitat (Díaz et al., 1998). Such characteristics, i.e. “functional traits,” are defined as “any morphological, physiological or phenological feature measurable at the individual level, which impacts fitness indirectly via its effects on growth, reproduction and survival” (Violle et al., 2007). Although, by definition, reproduction is one of the three Received: 6 June 2019 | Revised: 14 February 2020 | Accepted: 26 February 2020 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12877
The Effect of Lighting, Landmarks and Auditory Cues on Human Performance in Navigating a Virtual Maze

The human visual and auditory systems are attentive to variations in both lighting and sound, and changes in either are used in audiovisual media to draw attention. In video games specifically, many embedded navigational cues are utilised to subtly suggest navigational choices to players. Both lighting and audio cues are commonly utilised by game designers to signal specific events or to draw player focus and therefore influence navigational decisions. We analyse the influence that combinations of landmark, auditory and illumination cues have on player navigation. 134 participants navigated through a randomly assigned subset of thirty structurally similar virtual mazes with variations of lighting, spatial audio and landmark cues. The solve times for these mazes were analysed to determine the influence of each individual cue and evaluate any cue competition or interactions effects detected. The findings demonstrate that auditory and subtle lighting had distinct effects on navigation and maze solve times and that interactions and cue competition effects were also evident.
Role of May surface temperature over eastern China in East Asian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation

Spring soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China (YRNC) can significantly influence East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) via May surface temperature. This study further validates the role of May surface temperature in linking spring soil moisture with summer monsoon circulation and rainfall over eastern China. The role of May surface temperature over YRNC in the ensuing EASM and precipitation over eastern China are investigated by observational analyses and numerical simulations. Given the long “memory” of soil temperature (ST) and its highly consistent with surface temperature, experiments are performed by altering ST as a substitution. The results show that YRNC spring surface temperature anomalies have a significant influence on EASM and precipitation over eastern China. The negative May ST anomalies correspond to an abnormal cooling in the surface and tropospheric atmosphere around the YRNC, which narrows the land‐ocean thermal contrast, resulting in a weakened EASM. An anomalous anticyclone extends from southeastern China to the Philippine Islands, and an anomalous cyclone occupies northeastern China. Consequently, rainfall anomalously decreases over southeastern China and increases over northeastern China. The convergence of warm and humid southerly airflows and cold northerly winds conduces to an enhanced rainfall around the Yangtze River valley. The opposite occurs for the positive ST anomalies. Further simulations show that abnormal wet (dry) spring soil can lead to negative (positive) ST and surface temperature anomalies in May over the YRNC. Hence, the surface air temperature in May is the bridge for the effect of the YRNC spring soil moisture on the EASM and precipitation over eastern China.
Data-Driven Harmonic Filters for Audio Representation Learning

We introduce a trainable front-end module for audio representation learning that exploits the inherent harmonic structure of audio signals. The proposed architecture, composed of a set of filters, compels the subsequent network to capture harmonic relations while preserving spectro-temporal locality. Since the harmonic structure is known to have a key role in human auditory perception, one can expect these harmonic filters to yield more efficient audio representations. Experimental results show that a simple convolutional neural network back-end with the proposed front-end outperforms state-of-the-art baseline methods in automatic music tagging, keyword spotting, and sound event tagging tasks.
SELF-DIFFUSION IN BODY-CENTERED CUBIC ZIRCONIUM

Self-diffusion coefficients of crystal-bar zirconium have been measured between 1500 °C and 1100 °C, using radioactive Zr95 as a tracer. The results may be represented byThe pre-exponential factor is about three orders of magnitude smaller than that measured in most close-packed systems and the activation energy about one-half that anticipated from an empirical correlation with the melting point. The results, however, are similar to those of a few other recently studied body-centered cubic (BCC) systems, and agree quantitatively with work in the Soviet Union on zirconium. There is considerable evidence that the diffusion process occurs via vacant lattice sites.
Thouless-Kohmoto-Nightingale-den Nijs formula for a general Hamiltonian

Topological insulators in odd dimensions are characterized by topological numbers. We prove the well-known relation between the topological number given by the Chern character of the Berry curvature and the Chern-Simons level of the low energy effective action for a general class of Hamiltonians bilinear in the fermion with general U(1) gauge interactions including non-minimal couplings by an explicit calculation. A series of Ward-Takahashi identities are crucial to relate the Chern-Simons level to a winding number, which could then be directly reduced to Chern character of Berry curvature by carrying out the integral over the temporal momenta.