Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary-based packets classification for anomaly detection in web layer

In this paper, we propose a novel method for web layer anomaly detection. In contrast to the majority of other state of the art approaches, we do not adapt manually configured parsers or packet content type detection techniques to partition the request sent from clients to server. In our experiments, we showed that making certain assumptions about the request content types may lead to the degradation of the detection performance. Therefore, we proposed unsupervised algorithm for automated packet structure extraction. We formulate this as the optimisation problem that is solved by means of genetic algorithm. Moreover, on top of the request segmentation schema, we provide the set of algorithms that measure statistics and apply machine learning techniques to solve the classification problems. The effectiveness of our methods is proved by the results achieved on the extended benchmark database. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
If you want your talk be fluent, think lazy!

In this paper we investigate an important property of coherence in discourse - the fluency. We propose a model of immediate memory and claim that it serves optimally the production of coherent discourses. From a range of possible models, this one is shown to imply minimal access costs. It is proved that put at the basis of discourse production, it yields discourses which have similar fluency patterns as those produced by humans. In the experiments fluency is measured using Centering transitions. We conclude that discourse coherence is grounded in an innate cognitive mechanism, which is driven by an economicity principle.
Inspiratory effort sensation to added resistive loading in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Repeated episodes of upper-airway occlusion are the main characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during sleep. It has been reported that an impairment in the sensation of detection and a depression of ventilatory compensation to added load could be observed in such patients. In this study, we examined patients with OSA to evaluate the inspiratory effort sensation (IES), ventilation, and mouth occlusion pressures during added resistive loading while awake and to determine whether they can be reversed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. DESIGN A hospital-based case-control study. SETTING A sleep laboratory of a medical unit in Japan. SUBJECTS Seventeen patients with moderate to severe OSA and 10 control subjects were included in this study. MEASUREMENTS All patients with OSA had undergone standard nocturnal polysomnography. Patients with OSA and control subjects were evaluated for IES measured by a modified Borg score, ventilation, and mouth occlusion pressure during control and inspiratory resistive loaded breathing. These tests were repeated in all patients with OSA after 2 weeks of nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS IES to inspiratory resistive loading was lower in patients with OSA than in control subjects. There were no differences in ventilation and mouth occlusion pressure between patients and control subjects during loaded breathing. After 2 weeks of nasal CPAP, the decreased IES was increased in patients with OSA. CONCLUSION In patients with OSA, the decreased IES to inspiratory resistive loaded breathing is reversible with nasal CPAP. This could be one additional benefit of nasal CPAP in the treatment of OSA.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT REPORT: Intraoperative fluid management guided by oesophageal Doppler monitoring

Problem Fluid management during major surgery poses a challenge to the surgical team as postoperative complications are often related to giving the wrong amount of intravenous fluid. Postoperative morbidity can be reduced by using the oesophageal Doppler cardiac output monitorto individualise fluid administration, but this technology has not been widely adopted. Design A campaign for adopting this technology in major surgical specialties explored clinical and managerial barriers throughout the procurement and implementation process. We compared patient outcomes 12 months before implementation and after implementation. SettingThree large hospitals in England with different size, geographical location, and case mix. Strategies for change Project leads at each site included a consultant anaesthetist, a divisional manager, and an audit facilitator. A business case was prepared by each team with support from NHS Technology Adoption Centre, allowing senior management to overcome the unequal spread of costs versus benefits. A survey of anaesthetists revealed concerns about familiarity with the device, which we dealt with by clinicians volunteering to "champion" the technique, supported by standard training provided by the manufacturer. We encouraged appropriate use of the technology by collecting intraoperative patient related data and postoperative patient outcomes and by giving regular, timely feedback. Key measures for improvement The key outcome measure was length of hospital stay. In-hospital mortality, readmission, and reoperation rates were also recorded. Process measures were use of monitors and change in stroke volume during surgery. Effects of the change We compared 649 patients after implementation across all sites with 658 matched cases before implementation. Use of Doppler increased from 11% to 65% of eligible operations, with a 3.7 day reduction in total length of stay. Length of stay was reduced at each site, and in most specialties. Concurrent improvements in patient care could have contributed to these findings. The only sign of harm from the intervention was one episode of pulmonary oedema. Mortality, readmission, and reoperation rates all fell non-significantly. Lessons learnt Managerial barriers consisted of silo budgeting, difficulties with preparing a business case, and fears about uncontrolled implementation. By collecting outcome data, we convinced senior managers to support and sustain investment. Clinical barriers consisted mainly of scepticism regarding clinical effectiveness and worries about training. Clinicians "championing" the technology took on responsibility for data collection, education, advocacy, and spanning boundaries. When barriers to adoption of oesophageal Doppler monitoring are overcome, outcome improvements suggested by research can be replicated in the real world. The project generated a web based guide (www.howtowhyto.nhs.uk) to provide tools and resources to support implementation.
Some Technical and Ecological Determinants of Hatchability in Aedes albopictus, a Potential Candidate for Transposon-Mediated Transgenesis

ABSTRACT Fertility is a physiological process of great importance underlying the dynamics of mosquito populations. In transgenesis, it is a prerequisite for the production of subsequent generations and a crucial parameter for evaluating efficiency. Yet, ongoing success in mosquito vector transformation is being severely affected by low embryo survivability. In the prospect of overcoming this impediment, we investigated the darkening/hardening process of the chorion, the effects of some parameters required for transgenesis on hatch success, and erratic hatching in Aedes albopictus, a species that has not yet been targeted for transformation. The eggs from this species, when placed in a moistened environment while whitish, become dark and yet still remain soft approximately 2 h 10 min postoviposition. Those reared in a high moisture environment hatched at a high rate compared with their counterparts submitted to a drier environment. Submission of eggs to p-nitrophenyl-p′-guanidino-benzoate, a substance known to delay the darkening/delay process, resulted in a hatch rate lower than that from eggs soaked in distilled water, which suggests a negative impact on viability. Heat-shock treatment did not taint embryo viability. Overall, eggs displayed a tolerance to an hour of heat shock at 39°C but still hatched at a considerable rate after a 1 hr exposure to 42°C. Hatching was erratic, with a high rate of hatching on the initial flooding and lower rates of hatching on subsequent floodings, all of which resulted cumulatively in considerable hatch success. Our results should serve as a useful reference for the production of both transgenic and laboratory strains of floodwater Aedes mosquitoes.
Verifying Business Rules Using Model-Checking Techniques for Non-specialist in Model-Checking

SUMMARY Software programs often include many defects that are not easy to detect because of the developers’ mistakes, misunderstandings caused by the inadequate deﬁnition of requirements, and the complexity of the implementation. Due to the di ﬀ erent skill levels of the testers, the signiﬁcant increase in testing person-hours interferes with the progress of development projects. Therefore, it is desireable for any inexperienced developer to identify the cause of the defects. Model checking has been favored as a technique to improve the reliability earlier in the software development process. In this paper, we propose a veriﬁcation method in which a Java source code control sequence is converted into ﬁnite automata in order to detect the cause of defects by using the model-checking tool UP-PAAL, which has an exhaustive checking mechanism. We also propose a tool implemented by an Eclipse plug-in to assist general developers who have little knowledge of the model-checking tool. Because source code is generally complicated and large, the tool provides a step-wise veriﬁcation mechanism based on the functional structure of the code and makes it easy to verify the business rules in the speciﬁcation documents by adding a user-deﬁned speciﬁcation-based model to the source code model.
How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale: Comparison with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Formulas were developed to define tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) phenotypes of Parkinson's Disease (PD) using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS). TD and PIGD designations, based on the original Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), provided useful designations for classifying different phenotypes of PD. With the advent of the MDS‐UPDRS, a valid set of calculations for these phenotypes is needed.
Multialgorithmic Frameworks for Human Face Recognition

This paper presents a critical evaluation of multialgorithmic face recognition systems for human authentication in unconstrained environment. We propose different frameworks of multialgorithmic face recognition system combining holistic and texture methods. Our aim is to combine the uncorrelated methods of the face recognition that supplement each other and to produce a comprehensive representation of the biometric cue to achieve optimum recognition performance. The multialgorithmic frameworks are designed to combine different face recognition methods such as (i) Eigenfaces and local binary pattern (LBP), (ii) Fisherfaces and LBP, (iii) Eigenfaces and augmented local binary pattern (A-LBP), and (iv) Fisherfaces and A-LBP. The matching scores of these multialgorithmic frameworks are processed using different normalization techniques whereas their performance is evaluated using different fusion strategies. The robustness of proposed multialgorithmic frameworks of face recognition system is tested on publicly available databases, for example, AT & T (ORL) and Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW). The experimental results show a significant improvement in recognition accuracies of the proposed frameworks of face recognition system in comparison to their individual methods. In particular, the performance of the multialgorithmic frameworks combining face recognition methods with the devised face recognition method such as A-LBP improves significantly.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Dimensions of Schizophrenia

ABSTRACT This study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the construct of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in schizophrenia. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group 1 included 27 probands chosen from families with schizophrenia in first-degree relatives, and Group 2 included 54 schizophrenics who had no families with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. There were no differences in the eye tracking pursuit and the WCST between the sporadic and familial schizophrenics. Gender impacted the catch-up saccades (CUS) and anticipatory saccades (AS) indices of the SPEM, and the conceptual level responses (CLR) index of the WCST. Education impacted the CLR and perseverative errors of the WCST. Although there were no correlation between the SPEM and the WCST, but the two instruments showed good content validity, which might be useful in the subtyping of schizophrenia.
Linear plasmidlike DNA in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans

Double-stranded, 1.9-kilobase-pair (kbp) DNA molecules were found in 18 strains representing three pathogenic races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. The DNA element (pFOXC1) from a race 1 strain and the DNA element (pFOXC2) from a race 2 strain were shown by restriction endonuclease mapping to be linear. pFOXC2 was found in mitochondrial preparations and appears to have blocked 5' termini, as it was sensitive to 3'----5' exonuclease III but insensitive to 5'----3' lambda exonuclease. The major 1.8-kbp BglII restriction endonuclease fragment of pFOXC2 was cloned in plasmid pUC12. The recombinant plasmid (pCK1) was not homologous to the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes from F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. This suggests that pFOXC2 is self-replicating. pCK1 was homologous to all 1.9-kbp DNA elements of race 2 but was not homologous to those of race 1 or race 5. All race 1 and 5 elements were also shown to share common DNA sequences.
The Southern 2MASS AGN Survey: spectroscopic follow-up with 6dF

The Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) has provided a uniform photometric catalog to search for previously unknown red AGN and QSOs. We have extended the search to the southern equatorial sky by obtaining spectra for 1182 AGN candidates using the 6dF multifibre spectrograph on the UK Schmidt Telescope. These were scheduled as auxiliary targets for the 6dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The candidates were selected using a single color cut of J - Ks > 2 to Ks ~ 15.5 and a galactic latitude of |b|>30 deg. 432 spectra were of sufficient quality to enable a reliable classification. 116 sources (or ~27%) were securely classified as type 1 AGN, 20 as probable type 1s, and 57 as probable type 2 AGN. Most of them span the redshift range 0.05 20%) than in any previous galaxy survey. A small fraction of the type 1 AGN could have their optical colors reddened by optically thin dust with A_V<2 mag relative to optically selected QSOs. A handful show evidence for excess far-IR emission. The equivalent width (EW) and color distributions of the type 1 and 2 AGN are consistent with AGN unified models. In particular, the EW of the [OIII] emission line weakly correlates with optical--near-IR color in each class of AGN, suggesting anisotropic obscuration of the AGN continuum. Overall, the optical properties of the 2MASS red AGN are not dramatically different from those of optically-selected QSOs. Our near-IR selection appears to detect the most near-IR luminous QSOs in the local universe to z~0.6 and provides incentive to extend the search to deeper near-IR surveys.
Limits on the Hardness of Lattice Problems in ell _p Norms

We show that several recent "positive" results for lattice problems in the l2 norm also hold in lp norms, for p>2. In particular, for lattices of dimension n: (i) approximating the shortest and closest vector in the lp norm to within O macr(radicn) factors is contained in coNP, (ii) approximating the length of the shortest vector in the lp norm to within O breve(n) factors reduces to the average-case problems studied in related works (Ajtai, STOC 1996; Micciancio and Regev, FOCS 2004; Regev, STOC 2005). These results improve upon prior understanding of lp norms by up to radicn factors. Taken together, they can be viewed as a partial converse to recent reductions from the l2 norm to lp norms (Regev and Rosen, STOC 2006). One of our main technical contributions is a very general analysis of Gaussian distributions over lattices, which may be of independent interest. Our proofs employ analytical techniques of Banaszczyk which, to our knowledge, have yet to be exploited in computer science.
Synchronizing data stream processing

Synchronization of data stream processing has a significant impact on performance of systems where processing of long sequences of data items needs to be done simultaneously. In earlier works on stream processing, synchronization has been discussed to a limited extent or has been completely overlooked. This work describes a formal model of synchronization in a data stream processing network. We use a notation of data stream processing networks to identify circumstances that necessitate synchronization and express processing of data items in a data stream processing network in terms of database transactions. A technique similar to timestamp ordering of database transactions is used to solve the problems. A solution is presented as a set of rules that govern processing of individual data items. A proof of correctness for the strategy used is also provided.
Association of bone morphogenetic protein 6 with exocrine gland dysfunction in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and in mice.

OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by autoimmune activation and loss of function in secretory epithelia. The present study was undertaken to investigate and characterize changes in the epithelia associated with the loss of gland function in primary SS. METHODS To identify changes in epithelial gene expression, custom microarrays were probed with complementary RNA (cRNA) isolated from minor salivary glands (MSGs) of female patients with primary SS who had low focus scores and low salivary flow rates, and the results were compared with those obtained using cRNA from the MSGs of sex-matched healthy volunteers. The effect of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) on salivary gland function was tested using adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to the salivary glands of C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS A significant increase in expression of BMP-6 was observed in RNA isolated from SS patients compared with healthy volunteers. Overexpression of BMP-6 locally in the salivary or lacrimal glands of mice resulted in the loss of fluid secretion as well as changes in the connective tissue of the salivary gland. Assessment of the fluid movement in either isolated acinar cells from mice overexpressing BMP-6 or a human salivary gland cell line cultured with BMP-6 revealed a loss in volume regulation in these cells. Lymphocytic infiltration in the submandibular gland of BMP-6 vector-treated mice was increased. No significant changes in the production of proinflammatory cytokines or autoantibodies associated with SS (anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB) were found after BMP-6 overexpression. CONCLUSION In addition to identifying BMP-6 expression in association with xerostomia and xerophthalmia in primary SS, the present results suggest that BMP-6-induced salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction in primary SS is independent of the autoantibodies and immune activation associated with the disease.
Isolated Autonomous Capacitive Power Supplies to Trigger Floating Semiconductors in a Marx Generator

This paper reports the development of isolated autonomous capacitive power supplies to charge each drive circuit of the high voltage floating semiconductor stage in a solid-state Marx generator. The circuit takes advantage of an auxiliary capacitor, charged in series with the main energy storage capacitor in each Marx generator stage, to supply the optic-fibre isolated gate drive circuit of the solid state switches. Laplace domain circuit analysis is made to determine the values of these capacitors and to obtain the desired voltages, with low ripple, for the required load. A laboratory prototype with three stages, 3 kW peak power, of this all silicon Marx generator circuit, with optic- fibre isolated triggering signals and autonomous capacitor isolated charging power supplies was built using 1200 V IGBTs and diodes, operating with 1000 V d-c input voltage and 10 kHz frequency, giving 3 kV and 10 mus pulse with, approximately, 15 V isolated autonomous power supplies in each stage.
Integration of Meta-analysis and Economic Decision Modeling for Evaluating Diagnostic Tests

Meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy data is more difficult than of effectiveness data because of 1) statistical challenges of dealing with multiple measures of accuracy (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) simultaneously and 2) incorporating threshold effects. A number of meta-analysis models are in use, ranging from naïve synthesis of independent sensitivity and specificity to optimization of a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. Little work has been done on how such analyses should inform decision models. This article aims to present a unified framework for the synthesis of primary data and economic evaluation of alternative diagnostic testing strategies using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation methods. The authors extend this previous work by using systematic review to derive model parameters, fully allowing for uncertainty in their estimation, and formally incorporating variability between study results into the decision analysis. Using a simple decision model comparing alternative testing strategies for suspected deep vein thrombosis as an example, the authors consider how to use outputs of different alternative meta-analysis models in decision models. They also explore the limitations of diagnostic test studies, particularly when there is no obvious threshold value. To correct some of the limitations of diagnostic test studies, they propose that tests with implicit and explicit thresholds should be studied using distinctly different frameworks. Specifically, when a threshold exists, quantitative threshold information should be included in meta-analysis models to aid interpretation of SROCs. Setting policy to relate to a specific point may be much more difficult for studies with implicit thresholds.
Human Herpesvirus 6B Induces Cell Cycle Arrest Concomitant with p53 Phosphorylation and Accumulation in T Cells

ABSTRACT We studied the interactions between human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) and its host cell. Productive infections of T-cell lines led to G1/S- and G2/M-phase arrest in the cell cycle concomitant with an increased level and enhanced DNA-binding activity of p53. More than 70% of HHV-6B-infected cells did not bind annexin V, indicating that the majority of cells were not undergoing apoptosis. HHV-6B infection induced Ser20 and Ser15 phosphorylation on p53, and the latter was inhibited by caffeine, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase inhibitor. Thus, a productive HHV-6B infection suppresses T-cell proliferation concomitant with the phosphorylation and accumulation of p53.
Uterine compression sutures for post‐partum bleeding with atony; modification of the B‐Lynch suture

We have described a modification of the B‐Lynch uterine compression suture which is simple and effective. This technique apposes the anterior and posterior uterine walls, obliterating the cavity and thereby provides effective control of post‐partum haemorrhage as a result of uterine atony. It comprises of vertical compression sutures and is distinct from B‐Lynch and Haymen's suture by having an additional firm puncture just below the uterine fundus. This means that the suture is transfixed at the uterine fundus, thus eliminating the risk of the sutures sliding off at the uterine fundus.