Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Usage of Synchrophasors for System Improvement: An Experience in Northern Grid of India

The advent of new technologies like Synchrophasors have given the operator an extra edge. Apart from usage for post disturbance analysis, the synchrophasor based inputs are also becoming an integral part of applications for enhancing the real-time visibility of power system as well. In India, since its inception, with very few Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in place, the synchrophasor technology has been used extensively at the Regional and National Load Despatch Centres. Through synchrophasor inputs from various locations, the power system operator is observing the voltage, current, frequency, phase angle thereby deducing the system health. The early detection of problem with single phase auto-reclosing during single phase to ground faults in transmission system, Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT) health and visualization of black start exercises at control centers have been some of the challenges in power system operation. This paper discusses the new effective usage of synchrophasors and wide area monitoring at Northern Regional control centre in overcoming these challenges for power system improvements.
Impedance-Based Stability Analysis of Multi-Parallel Inverters Applying Total Source Admittance

The utility-scale wind and solar electricity production is typically connected to the power grid through multiple parallel three-phase inverters. One of the main issues in such grid-connected systems is the harmonic resonance caused by interactions between the grid and inverters. A common method for the analysis of these systems has been the impedance-based stability criterion. However, in systems that have multiple parallel inverters, the system complexity and challenges in obtaining the required impedance measurements may deteriorate the accuracy of the impedance-based approach. This paper discusses the aggregation of parallel inverters and the stability analysis of such grid-connected system. A simple method, based on impedance measurements, is shown for defining the allowable number of paralleled inverters so that the system remains stable. Experimental results are shown from power hardware-in-the-loop setup recently developed at DNV GL Flexible Power Grid Lab.
Efficiency and Crosstalk in Demultiplexing Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Using a Spiral Phase Plate

Using Optical Angular Momentum as an orthogonal degree of freedom to multiplex data is an emerging solution for enhancing system capacity in optical communication. Spiral phase plates are used to convert a Gaussian beam to a Laguerre-Gauss beam with a desired topological charge. Analytical formulas for calculating conversion ratio of OAM modes passing through a spiral phase plate is demonstrated. With this conversion ratio efficiency and crosstalk of the communication link is also discussed.
Dual-band Bandpass Filter Design with Novel Double-layer Mixed Coupled SIR/CPW-SIR Resonators

This paper presents a compact 2.4-/5.2GHz dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) design using novel double-layer mixed coupled SIR/CPW-SIR resonators. To miniaturize the footprint, the SIR is built on the top layer with CPW-SIR on the bottom layer. The coupling is tunable by modifying the resonator geometries. The characteristics of the novel resonator are studied which is suitable for dual-band applications. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) design graph is constructed for a straightforward dual-band filter synthesis. To validate our design theory, a fourth-order dual-band BPF prototype is design and fabricated. The measurement shows insertion losses of 1.7/2.95 dB with a 3-dB FBW of 12/10% at 2.4-/5.2-GHz bands, return loss of greater than 10 dB, inter-band isolation of greater than 30 dB, and stopband rejection above 15 dB up to 10 GHz. The filter has a compact size of 500×500 mil2.
Compact Quad-Element Triple-Band MIMO Antennas for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

In this paper, an extremely compact tri-band quad-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed. The single element configuration of a proposed MIMO antenna consisting of a microstrip line feed, T-shaped monopole with dual inverted L-shaped slits is realized. The proposed MIMO antenna is resonating at the frequency 2.42 GHz, 5.32 GHz, and 3.51 GHz for wireless local area networks (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The overall size of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna is $30\times 30\times 0.8\ \mathbf{mm}^{3}$ with minimum isolation of 13.5 dB among MIMO elements with respect to its operating bands. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the proposed MIMO antenna is lower than the acceptable limit across the triple operating bands. The simulated and measured S-parameters of the proposed antennas are found in good agreement.
Performance Analysis of Linux Container and Hypervisor for Application Deployment on Clouds

Application deployment on cloud is done by using Virtual machine (VM) or Linux containers (LXC). While deploying applications on cloud we consider performance and overhead given by VMs. Performance of the VMs can impact overall performance of cloud service. We have carried out the performance analysis of the LXC and VM. The performance of VM and LXC is analyzed considering the resources like CPU, RAM, Hard Disk and HTTP Server. Xenserver is chosen as VM. In performance comparison, we used Bare-metal as the ideal case. Bare-metal is the OS directly installed on the top of Hardware. The performance of LXC is nearly same to Bare-metal and in a superior way than VM in each aspect. As Bare-metal and LXC can access hardware without any virtualization layer, both can utilize the hardware in a superior way than VM.
Rhombic Slotted Pentagonal Patch Antenna for GPS Applications

Circularly-Polarized (CP) pentagonal micro-strip patch antenna with five asymmetric rhombic slots is proposed for global-positioning system applications. Five unequal (asymmetric) rhombic-slots are etched at the corners of the pentagonal micro-strip radiator for CP-radiation. The overall size of the proposed slotted pentagonal patch is $0.373\boldsymbol{\lambda}_{\mathbf{o}}\times 0.373\boldsymbol{\lambda}_{\mathbf{o}}\times 0.008\boldsymbol{\lambda}_{\mathbf{o}}$ at 1.575 GHz. The simulated 3dB axial-ratio (AR) band-width of the proposed pentagonal micro-strip antenna is 30 MHz (1.53-1.56 GHz) and10dB Return Loss (RL) band-width is 60MHz(1.53- 1.59 GHz) with a gain of more than 3.8dBic. The S11 is measured with a network analyzer and the practical results are in close-agreement with the simulated.
Length Independent Writer Identification Based on the Fusion of Deep and Hand-Crafted Descriptors

Writer’s identification from a handwritten text is one of the most challenging machines learning problems because of the variable handwritten sources, various languages, the similarity between writer’s pattern, context variation, and implicit characteristics of handwriting styles. In this paper, a combination of the deep and hand-crafted descriptor is utilized to learn patterns from the handwritten images. First, to do so, the local patches are extracted from the handwritten images. Then, these patches are simultaneously fed to deep and hand-crafted descriptors to generate the local descriptions. The extracted local features are then assembled to make the whole description matrix. Finally, by applying the vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) encoding on the description matrix, a 1-D feature vector is extracted to represent the writer’s pattern. It is worthwhile to mention that the generated description does not rely on any language model or context information. Thus, the proposed approach is language and content independent. In addition, the proposed method does not have any restriction on the input length, hence, the writer’s sample can be a passage, paragraph, line, sentence, or even a word. The obtained results on three public benchmark datasets of IAM, CVL, and Khatt indicate that the proposed method has a high-accuracy rate in writing identification task. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method on CVL dataset using both German and English samples demonstrates that the proposed approach has a high capability in learning a writer’s pattern from both languages at the same time.
Design and Analysis of a Low Power High-Performance GDI based Radix 4 Multiplier Using Modified Booth Wallace Algorithm

In modern trend, as we are moving for niche devices power managing is a serious anxiety for all handy electronic gadgets. The performance of the device depends highly on temperature profile, which changes rapidly with high power consumption. As most of the devices run by the digital signal processor, the power consumption of DSP chip is the main concern. In the majority of the signal processing algorithms, multiplication operation dominates other operations. Hence in modern low power VLSI design one of the major challenges is to design an efficient multiplier block. In this paper, a low power GDI based radix-4 modified Booth-Wallace multiplier has been projected. CAD tool based simulation shows 35% reduction in power consumption compared to other existing designs.
Enhanced - resolution material imaging with dielectric resonators: a new implicit space - domain technique

A new method of resolution improvement for dielectric resonator material measurements is proposed. Initially, a material sample is scanned with the resonator over a 2D mesh of scanning points, and thereby at each point a weighted average of complex permittivity over the region interacting with the resonator fields is produced. Then a space-domain implicit (SDI) problem is formulated that relates the explicit measurements to the enhanced permittivity pattern through the pre-simulated electric field pattern of the resonator. A robust SVD-based technique for solving the implicit problem is developed. The SDI method is validated on virtual samples and successfully applied to the available laboratory scan.
Raspberry Pi as an Intrusion Detection System, a Honeypot and a Packet Analyzer

With cybercrimes and attacks on the rise, security is a basic requirement, as well as a necessity, in today's world. As any type of intercommunication and storage of data on the internet is becoming precarious, it becomes extremely important to keep our home network well updated in terms of security, minimize loop holes and ensure data integrity and incorruptibility. It is now extremely important that we protect and secure our home networks and devices from cyber-attacks. Intrusion Detection Systems and Honeypots if implemented correctly can prove to be efficient solutions. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a Raspberry Pi module running an IDS or Intrusion Detection System, a packet analyzer and a decoy server, called honeypot, for complete network monitoring and security.
Supervised Learning in Multi-Agent Environments Using Inverse Point of View

There are many approaches that are being used in multi-agent environment to learn agents’ behaviour. Semisupervised approaches such as reinforcement learning (RL) or genetic programming (GP) are one of the most frequently used. Disadvantage of these methods is they are relatively computational resources demanding, suffers from vanishing gradient during when machine learning approach is used and has often non-convex optimization function, which makes behaviour learning challenging. This paper introduces a method for data gathering for supervised machine learning using agent’s inverse point of view. Proposed method explores agent’s neighboring environment and collects data also from surrounding agents instead of traditional approaches that uses only agents’ sensors and knowledge. Advantage of this approach is, the collected data can be used with supervised machine learning, which is significantly less computationally demanding when compared to RL or GP. A proposed method was tested and demonstrated on Robocode game, where agents (i.e. tanks) were trained to avoid opponent tanks missiles.
Mitigating Sensor Attacks Against Industrial Control Systems

This paper describes how to design and implement a mechanism that helps to mitigate sensor attacks on industrial control systems. The proposed architecture is based on concepts from fault-tolerant control techniques. This short note explains how a Kalman filter can be used simultaneously with optimal disturbance decoupling observers to improve the performance of the mitigation mechanism for sensor attacks in cyber-physical control systems. Our proposal mitigates attacks by generating a signal that compensates the change provoked by the attacker, while at the same time reducing the number of false alarms. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal using a three tanks control simulation.
Analytical Modeling and Simulation-Based Optimization of Broken Gate TFET Structure for Low Power Applications

In this paper, we have reported a renovated silicon-based tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) structure with a channel length of 21 nm. The proposed structure has been optimized and analytically modeled. The broken gate TFET (BG-TFET) shows very low ambipolar current, good subthreshold swing (SS) and ON-currents comparable to the contemporary structures of similar dimensions. The surface potential and the electric field inside the device are modeled by solving the 2-D Poisson’s equation. The drain current is also modeled based on Kane’s generation rate. The results obtained from the analysis are validated against Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD nonlocal tunneling model-based simulations.
Slim-ResCNN: A Deep Residual Convolutional Neural Network for Fingerprint Liveness Detection

Fingerprint liveness detection has gradually been regarded as a primary countermeasure for protecting the fingerprint recognition systems from spoof presentation attacks. The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown impressive performance and great potential in advancing the state-of-the-art of fingerprint liveness detection. However, most existing CNNs-based fingerprint liveness methods have a few shortcomings: 1) the CNN structure used on natural images does not achieve good performance on fingerprint liveness detection, which neglects the inevitable differences between natural images and fingerprint images; or 2) a relative shallow architecture (typically several layers) has not paid attention to the capability of deep network for spoof fingerprint detection. Motivated by the compelling classification accuracy and desirable convergence behaviors of the deep residual network, this paper proposes a new CNN-based fingerprint liveness detection framework to discriminate between live fingerprints and fake ones. The proposed framework is a lightweight yet powerful network structure, called Slim-ResCNN, which consists of the stack of series of improved residual blocks. The improved residual blocks are specifically designed for fingerprint liveness detection without overfitting and less processing time. The proposed approach significantly improves the performance of fingerprint liveness detection on LivDet2013 and LivDet2015 datasets. Additionally, the Slim-ResCNN wins the first prize in the Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition 2017, with an overall accuracy of 95.25%.
Neutrosophic Set Transformation Matrix Factorization Based Active Contours for Color Texture Segmentation

Active contour model (ACM) has widely used for segmenting two-phase images. However, its performance may not be satisfactory for some color texture images when their features cannot be effectively extracted. To alleviate this problem, in this paper, a novel neutrosophic set transformation matrix factorization-based active contour (NSTMF-AC) approach is proposed for color texture segmentation. The proposed NSTMF-AC is an effective and robust color texture segmentation method. Particularly, to effectively capture a wide range of texture information, the proposed method extracts the features from the triple domains, including spatial, wavelet, and spectral domains, and then uses neutrosophic set (NS) transform and the corresponding operations to reduce the indeterminacy contained in the image. Furthermore, the method obtains the resulting NS transformation matrix and utilizes a factorization-based ACM to perform image segmentation. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms on a variety of natural images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NSTMF-AC method is more robust for two-phase image segmentation than other methods.
Miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filters with Stepped-Impedance Slot Resonators for Millimeter-Wave Application

This paper presents a type of novel miniaturized millimeter-wave band-pass filters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) incorporated with stepped-impedance slot resonators (SI-SR), which are also considered as complementary split ring metamaterial resonators. These proposed filters are operated far below the characteristic cutoff frequency of the waveguide. The center frequency of the filters can be controlled independently by adjusting the SI-SR size. And the coupling coefficients could be adjusted by changing the position and distance between SI-SRs. The size of the SI-SR can be further miniaturized by increasing the internal inductance, resulting in filter total size reduction. One two-pole filter and two three-pole filters are designed and implemented on Rogers-5880 substrate using the standard PCB process. Good agreement has been observed between simulation and measurement. For the three-pole filters, the RF signal are transmitted directly through a microstrip line from the second to the third SI-SR leading to a compact filter size. The proposed filters well cover 27–31 GHz, which could be applied in 5G millimeter-wave communication systems. They offer the advantages of compact size, easy integration, low loss, high stopband rejection and selectivity.
Current Mode Outphasing Power Amplifier

In this work, we present a mixed mode outphasing power amplifier, where the devices operate constantly as current sources. While the traditional theory considers two ideal voltage sources driving the outphasing combiner, in this novel approach, two ideal current sources are used instead. Nonetheless, it is proved that a similar performance can be achieved, showing that this design methodology is viable. Moreover, since the combiner is now being current driven, there is no need to saturate the devices to obtain the outphasing characteristic, with consequent advantages on the achievable linearity and possibly on the PAE, when the gain is limited. The proposed PA architecture was validated with an implementation using GaN HEMT devices in class B, which achieved 50% drain efficiency at the 6dB back-off region.
Unwanted Effects of Defects Used in Microstrip Antenna Designs and Possible Solutions

This paper address some unwanted effect caused by the defects in the defected ground structure (DGS) integrated antennas those are popular for suppressed cross-polarized (XP) radiations. An innovative design with asymmetric-arc-DGS has been explored which results in better performance over the earlier reported designs. Some increase in the back radiation is also associated with DGS integrated antennas. A novel configuration of parallel electric walls has been proposed to take care of these back radiations. Detail investigations have been carried out at X-band using simulated results. The proposed DGS provides about 18 dB suppression in the peak XP radiations. The side-walls provides about 10 dB suppression in the radiations towards the backside of the antenna. With this configuration, the XP radiations is found to be 30 dB below the co-polarized peak over the complete azimuth range in both the principal planes.
Design of Inverted U-shaped Radiating Patch Antenna for LTE/WiMAX Applications

The analysis has been carried out on inverted U-shaped patch antenna. The proposed antenna is feed with coplanar waveguide (CPW). Slits are loaded on the radiating patch along with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) to generate the triband of operation. The proposed antenna is offers an impedance bandwidth of 5.5% (2.04 – 2.16 GHz), 6.7% (3.12 – 3.35 GHz), 4.6% (3.76 – 3.94 GHz) at resonant frequencies of 2.1GHz, 3.24 GHz, 3.82 GHz respectively. The reflection coefficient is observed at −18.5 dB, −28 dB, −18.7 dB for three operating frequencies. The proposed antenna to be operated for long term evolution (LTE) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The proposed antenna is small in size, light weight and conformability to use in wireless communication devices.
Beam Convergence in Antenna Pattern using Conical and Hemispherical Dielectric Lens

In this paper, squinted beams generated due to presence of higher mode in hexagonal patch antenna at 5.5 GHz are converged to form a fundamental mode radiation pattern using conical and hemispherical dielectric lens. The objective of this work is to converge the diverged antenna pattern beams and direct them towards antenna boresight. Antenna loaded with conical and hemispherical dielectric lens improves the radiation pattern by changing its radiation pattern shape from monopole to dipole like radiation pattern while enhancing the boresight gain. Thus, analysis through different simulations on application of two dielectric lenses i.e. conical and hemispherical is presented here. It was observed that dielectric lens shape, radius of its base and height of lens are critical parameters to achieve desired objective.
Target Localization in Industrial Environment based on TOA Ranging

In recent years, wireless positioning technology has penetrated into various fields of society. The GPS and Beidou Navigation Satellite System has done an excellent job in outdoor positioning, and the indoor positioning based on positioning technologies such as RFID, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth has been rapidly developed. In the industrial environment, the positioning of specific targets is faced with many problems such as occlusion and multipath effect. This paper introduces a positioning system based on TOA ranging in industrial environment. The system can solve the problem of inaccurate or abnormal positioning data in industrial environment.
Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing based Persistent Vegetative State Patient Monitoring System: A remote Assessment and Management

A persistent vegetative state (PVS) is a turmoil of cognizance in which patients with extreme mind harm are in a condition of halfway excitement as opposed to genuine mindfulness. Following a month in a vegetative state (VS), the patient’s state is named as a persistent vegetative state. Facial Expressions and Body moments are behavioural signs of a PSV patient. In these kinds of patients, body movements are least possibly considered as with severe brain damage the patient’s synovial joints are not much energized to move. Facial moments are important signs of a PVS patient recovery, which needs a self-monitoring, self-reporting and fully automated tool to estimate PVS patient’s second to second reports. In this paper, a low energy facial wearable bio-sensing device is proposed for PVS patient monitoring. To remotely show patient’s condition to family members a mobile application is designed to use with a Cloud Platform where the data is stored for wireless access.