Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Line-by-Line Recurrent Method for Solving Systems of Difference Elliptic Equations with Nine-Diagonal Matrices

The applying of the line-by-line recurrent method for solving systems of difference elliptic equations with nine-diagonal matrices is the subject of the article. Such matrices take place in the case of difference approximation of 2D differential problems of a higher order of accuracy on a regular grid covering the area under consideration. The technology of the so-called compensatory transform which allows replacing the initial nine-diagonal matrix of the system with the five-diagonal one is offered in the article, due to the fact that originally the line-by-line recurrent method was designed for solving systems of difference equations with a five-diagonal matrix. The efficiency of this technology is analyzed by comparing the solutions of the test boundary value problem in a unit square. The solutions are found both with the help of different implementations of the compensatory transform technology and by other modern highly efficient iterative methods for solving the systems of difference equations. The problem is solved on the sequence of grids from coarse ( 501 \times 501 ) to fine ( 4001 \times 4001 ) nodes. The accuracy of the solution convergence is determined by the relative norm of the residual, which is equal to 10 - 12 in the present work. It is shown that the line-by-line recurrent method retains its high efficiency over the entire range of the grids under consideration despite the use of the intermediate technology of the compensatory transform.
SEMI standards programmed defect masks and its application for defect inspection

A set of test masks on which programmed defects are placed has been standardized by SEMI (SEMI Standards P23-93). The masks have been designed to be used for benchmarking the sensitivity of defect inspection systems for reticles and masks. The standard test vehicles consist of two types of masks which have quasi device background patterns (contact holes or through-holes and wiring patterns) with a wide variety of programmed defects. The geometry of the background patterns on the masks have been designed for 0.5 micrometers or less when printed on a wafer with a 5x reduction stepper. Under the coordination of SEMI Japan, the test masks have experimentally been fabricated by a couple of Japanese mask shops, and the masks fabricated have been evaluated focusing on defect sizing accuracy. The mask which has holes as background pattern has been used for defect printability study using a 5x reduction i-line stepper. As a result, it has been confirmed that the test mask is a useful vehicle for the study. The standard masks, therefore, can also be used to make a standard defect spec on which mask suppliers and users agree.
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems Analysis of a Saturated Multi-Phase ( Six-Phase ) Self-Excited Induction Generator

The present paper is concerned with the application of the equations of a saturated smooth air-gap machine to the analysis of the transient behavior of a multi-phase (six-phase) self-excited induction generator (SEIG). In the analytical model (d-q axis model), the effects of common mutual leakage inductance between the two three-phase winding sets have been included. A detailed experimental investigation of self-excitation process, loss of excitation and re-excitation, switching-in of pure resistive load without, and with series compensation (short shunt) is also included in this paper.
Contingency-Based Approach to Firm Performance in Construction: Critical Review of Empirical Research

AbstractIn management literature, a fundamental research question is why some companies succeed while others fail. The contingency-based approach proposes that organizational performance is a consequence of the fit between a set of contingencies, e.g., structure, people, technology, strategy, and culture. This approach has been adopted implicitly and increasingly by construction management (CM) researchers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of contingency thinking, theoretical and analytical issues of its application, and the measurement of firm performance in the empirical research in construction. After reviewing the literature of firm performance research approaches in construction, firm performance measurement in the empirical research, and contingency theory, a total of 36 empirical papers addressing firm performance in construction are reviewed in-depth and their content is analyzed. These papers are selected from four leading journals in construction: ASCE Journal of Construct.
Damping Analysis of Subsynchronous Oscillation Caused by HVDC

High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC) will cause torsional interaction under certain conditions. Among a variety of factors, improper rectifier control has fateful effect. In the paper, the test signal method which is the time-domain form of the complex torque coefficient approach (CTC approach) is studied. Its application conditions in multi-machine systems are summarized. Using the test signal method, impacts of DC power, DC voltage, rectifier controller parameters and generator output on electrical damping characteristics in the Suizhong system are studied based on time-domain simulation model.
Policies to deal with multimodal transport emissions: a system-of-systems approach

Abstract The complex and uncertain nature of dealing with multimodal transport emissions generates a need for appropriate methodology to support informed decision making. This paper presents a system-of-systems (SoS) approach that takes into account the complexity of a policy problem stemming from the interactions of multiple actors and technological artifacts. We discuss some SoS characteristics such as actor operational and managerial independency, the hierarchical and horizontal network of interdependencies among actors and artifacts, the emergent SoS behavior, and the presence of multiple sets of solutions for achieving an SoS objective. We illustrate such characteristics via the problem of assessing the carbon emission impact of on-demand air service and automobiles. Some preliminary results are presented regarding the impact of alternative fuels on carbon emissions.
A low power low noise amplifier with subthreshold operation in 130 nm CMOS technology

In this article, a 5.8 GHz ISM‐band CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) operating in a subthreshold region is presented. A conventional source degeneration inductor is eliminated for higher signal gain while providing reasonable input impedance. The LNA is fabricated using 130 nm CMOS technology and measured signal gain, noise figure, and power consumption are 13.4 dB, 5.2 dB, and 980 μW, respectively, at target frequency. Also the LNA achieves the highest figure of merit among the recently published subthreshold LNAs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2762–2764, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23788
Steric Effects of Mesoporous Silica Supported Bimetallic Au-Pt Catalysts on the Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols

Three series of catalysts consisting of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), or gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled sizes (Au NPs 10 ± 2 nm, Pt NPs 6 ± 2 nm) anchored on hierarchical micro-/meso-/macroporous silica were successfully developed and systematically evaluated for the selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. The catalysts were prepared by the sol-immobilization method using as-made Au NPs and/or Pt NPs colloids; the silica supports were prepared with controlled pore structures and the hierarchical porous structures of catalysts were created by controllable desilication via the alkaline solution of the metal colloids. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and these results showed no synergistic effect between Au and Pt on boosting the catalytic performance, whereas they demonstrated a clear dependence of catalytic conversions and reaction rates on the structural porosity of Au-Pt bimetallic catalysts. Our findings could potentially inspire peer researchers and scientists to develop designer porous catalysts and processes in the selective organic conversions.
Design and characterization of the immersion-type capacitive ultrasonic sensors fabricated in a CMOS process

This work presents the CMOS micromachined capacitive sensors for ultrasound detection in water. The sensing membranes with a 60 µm diameter are released through small etchant holes of 2 µm × 2 µm by a post-CMOS metal etch and sealed with the thinnest possible silicon dioxide (type A) or parylene-D film (type B). Nine membranes form a single detection unit with a capacitance value of 292.5 fF. Convenient routing, which is desired for making a large two-dimensional array, is allowed with the detection circuits being placed directly beneath the sensing membranes. An alternating voltage bias is applied to the sensing electrodes for stabilizing the sensed signals which would otherwise attenuate over time due to trapped charges between electrodes. Resonant frequencies of type-A and type-B sensors in water are 8.8 and 5.8 MHz, with fractional bandwidths of 0.43 and 0.55, respectively. The measured sensitivities are 151.0 and 369.8 mVpp MPa−1 V−1. The equivalent noise pressures, based on the measured thermal noise, are 3.3 and 1.35 Pa Hz−1/2 at a 1 V membrane bias.
I

Lack of precision is common in property value assessment. Recently non-conventional methods, such as neural networks based methods, have been introduced in property value assessment as an attempt to better address this lack of precision and uncertainty. Although fuzzy logic has been suggested as another possible solution, no other artificial intelligence methods have been applied to real estate value assessment other than neural network based methods. This paper presents the results of using two new non-conventional methods, fuzzy logic and memory-based reasoning, in evaluating residential property values for a real data set. The paper compares the results with those obtained using neural networks and multiple regression. Methods of feature reduction, such as principal component analysis and variable selection, have also been used for possible improvement of the final results. The results indicate that no single one of the new methods is consistently superior for the given data set.
The Electrostatic Potential inside the Electron-Optical Systen with Periodic Boundary-Value Conditions

A program based on the SOR method have been setup for calculating the electrostatic potential inside the electron optical system (EOS). This method can deal with large domain calculation more efficiently than by using the finite difference or finite element methods. Since the MEBDW system is composed of an array of EOSs, periodic boundary conditions in the x and y directions are applied. A case of EOS is demonstrated in this paper.
Direct-Write Stretchable Sensors Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Matrix

There have been increasing demands and interests in stretchable sensors with the development of flexible or stretchable conductive materials. These sensors can be used for detecting large strain, 3D deformation, and a free-form shape. In this work, a stretchable conductive sensor has been developed using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and monofunctional acrylate monomers (cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate and acrylate ester). The suggested sensors have been fabricated using a screw-driven microdispensing direct-write (DW) technology. To demonstrate the capabilities of the DW system, effects of dispensing parameters such as the feed rate and material flow rate on created line widths were investigated. Finally, a stretchable conductive sensor was fabricated using proper dispensing parameters, and an experiment for stretchability and resistance change was accomplished. The result showed that the sensor had a large strain range up to 90% with a linear resistance change and gauge factor ∼2.7. Based on the results, it is expected that the suggested DW stretchable sensor can be used in many application areas such as wearable electronics, tactile sensors, 3D structural electronics, etc.
Heat Transfer Investigation of an Aggressive Intermediate Turbine Duct: Part 1—Experimental Investigation

In most designs of two-spool turbofan engines, intermediate turbine duct (ITD’s) are used to connect the high-pressure turbine (HPT) with the low-pressure turbine (LPT). Demands for more efficient engines with reduced emissions require more “aggressive ducts”, ducts which provide both a higher radial offset and a larger area ratio in the shortest possible length, while maintaining low pressure losses and avoiding non-uniformities in the outlet flow that might affect the performance of the downstream LPT. The work presented in this paper is part of a more comprehensive experimental and computational study of the flowfield and the heat transfer in an aggressive ITD. The main objectives of the study were to obtain an understanding of the mechanisms governing the heat transfer in ITD’s and to obtain high quality experimental data for the improvement of the CFD-based design tools. This paper consists of two parts. The first one, this one, presents and discusses the results of the experimental study. In the second part, a comparison between the experimental results and a numerical analysis is presented. The duct studied was a state-of-the-art “aggressive” design with nine thick non-turning structural struts. It was tested in a large-scale low-speed experimental facility with a single-stage HPT. In this paper measurements of the steady convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC) distribution on both endwalls and on the strut for the duct design inlet conditions are presented. The heat transfer measurement technique used is based on infrared-thermography. Part of the results of the flow measurements is also included.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Digital game addiction and lifestyle behaviors in Turkish adolescents

Objective: Digital game addiction is a concern that threatens public health around the world, especially in adolescents. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between digital game addiction and lifestyle behaviors in adolescents. Methods: The research was carried out in from three high schools offering different types of education in Maltepe district between March and April 2017. Data were collected by using the Introductory Information Form, Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents and Adolescent Lifestyle Profile Scale. Data were evaluated in computer environment. Descriptive data were shown with numbers, percentages and means. The relationship between game addiction and independent variables was evaluated by chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: 22.4% of adolescents were determined to be addicted to digital games. The mean scores of health responsibility, nutrition, interpersonal relationships and stress management of adolescents who had game addiction were significantly lower than the adolescents without game addiction. Digital game addiction rates were significantly higher in boys, vocational high school students, ninth grade students, and in those who described that their family had low income, that they had very poor relations with their families/friends, that they had very poor living conditions and that they were generally unhappy. Conclusions: It was determined that game addiction negatively affected adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors, and there was a negative, low to moderately significant correlation between interpersonal relationships and stress management and game addiction.
On the problem of design problems - problem solving and design expertise

In this paper we will concentrate on exploring a subject that has been much neglected in Design Methodology: the structure of design problems. First we describe what we can find in Design Methodology about the structure of design problems. This will focus on the descriptions of design problems as underdetermined problems and on the way design problems are treated within the two paradigms of design methodology. Then we set out to develop a novel approach to the study of design problems, that is based on the situated nature of design problems and the evolutionary nature of design processes. In doing this, we find that how designers perceive, interpret, structure and solve design problems cannot really be understood without taking their level of design expertise into account.
Combined fatigue experiments on full scale turbine components

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to perform experiments on a full scale turbine blade attached to a part of actual turbine disc at elevated temperature, which can accurately predict the life of a fir‐tree contact under high cycle fatigue (HCF)/low cycle fatigue (LCF) combined loading. Moreover, the effect of shot‐peening on the fatigue lives of the turbine attachments is investigated experimentally by comparing those of unpeened ones.Design/methodology/approach – An experimental system for a full scale turbine blade attached to a part of actual turbine disc at elevated temperature is established in this paper, with a new HCF/LCF combined loading scheme and a design of blade clamp. The new combined fatigue loading method achieves a noninterfering treatment of the high cycle and low cycle loading by placing low cycle loading exerting point to the back of the mortise. Then fatigue tests were performed on six used turbine components to investigate the effect of shot‐peening on fatigue life compared with.
Reduction of 1/ f noise in semiconductor devices based on wavelet transform and Wiener filter

In order to reduce universal 1/ f noise in semiconductor devices, a method with combining lifting wavelet transform and Wiener filter is presented. Firstly, the iteratively reweighted least square method is introduced to fit the power spectrum of 1/ f noise and estimate its parameter, and then an appropriate wavelet can be selected. Secondly, the signal with 1/ f noise is decomposed by lifting wavelet transform. Considering the fact that the wavelet transform whitens 1/ f noise, Wiener filter is used to treat the wavelet coefficient of each layer. Allpass filter is optimized to adjust the phase frequency response of Wiener filter, and the phase of filtered wavelet coefficient is not changed. Finally, the useful signal embedded in 1/ f noise is retrieved by the inverse lifting wavelet transform. Experimental study demonstrates the proposed procedure and verifies its effectiveness, and the experimental data are acquired from a force sensor developed for minimally invasive surgery robot. The results show that the method works very well in minimizing 1/ f noise, and so the resolution of the sensor increases 25%.
Cooling Performance of the Steam-Cooled Vane in a Steam Turbine Cascade

With the increasing demand of the electricity, an efficiency improvement and thereby a reduced CO2 emission of the coal-fired plants are expected in order to reach the goal of the Kyoto protocol. In the medium term, increase of thermal efficiency of the steam cycle can be achieved by a rise of the process parameters. Currently, live steam pressures and temperatures up to 300 bar and 923 K are planned as a next step. This means an increase of 50–100 K in comparison to plants presently under operation. Such a large increase will only be possible, if all thermally high loaded components of the plant are made of new materials and/or new technologies for cooling and thermal insulation are applied. Closed circuit steam cooling of blades and vanes in modern steam turbines is a promising technology in order to establish elevated live steam temperatures in future steam turbine cycles. Due to the cooling of the components, materials can be used, which are common in todays application. In this paper, a steam-cooled test vane in a cascade with external hot steam flow is analysed numerically by applying a Conjugate Calculation Technique. The boundary conditions of the hot steam are derived from the planned inlet parameter of the HP steam turbine in a medium term and a long term in order to show the application potential of such a cooling technique. The supply steam parameters of the cooling are set equal to those of the outlet steam from the HP steam turbine. The results show that the steam cooling technique can reach necessary cooling effectiveness in the steam turbine by using only minor amounts of cooling steam. The internal part of the vane is cooled homogeneously in both investigated cases. Basic features and phenomena of the steam cooling technique in steam turbines are discussed in the paper with respect to future application. It has been found that the trailing edge region of the steam-cooled vane is less critical with respect to high thermal load than in gas turbine application with the same configuration. At the leading edge of the vane, high thermal load can be detected because of the direct impingement of the hot steam. Improvement of the leading edge cooling is recommended by increasing cooling steam amount for the leading edge channel. Thus, a larger diameter of the channel can increase internal cooling efficiency for the leading edge. Due to the different heat transfer characteristics on the suction side and pressure side, the suction side shows also a higher temperature distribution in the investigated cases.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Dynamic Compaction and Compaction Grouting for Dewatering in Pit

China University of Geosciences (Beijing) has developed a dynamic compaction and compaction grouting (DCCG) method for groundwater flow control in Dalian. This method has been proven effective in dramatically reducing permeability in plain fill soil, and in granular or porous media. It has been successful used in many applications dealing with deep pit by coast. This paper presents the DCCG that has particular relevance in today’s pit construction marketplace by coast. Permeability can be improved by means of the DCCG. A brief introduction to the technique is followed by discussion of recent advances, illustrated by case studies of applications
Low-frequency noise parameter extraction in poly-Si thin-film transistors

An improved analysis of low frequency noise in ploy-Si TFT's is proposed in this paper. We present a simple parameter extraction method for 1/f noise sources in poly-Si TFT's based on a comprehensive model for noise generation. The sources for the low frequency noise are identified as the oxide traps in high current regime and the bulk traps in the grain boundary deletion region in low current regime. For high current regime, a simple and useful formula is developed from the Unified Model, which can be used for crystalline Si MOSFET's and SiGe MOSFET's also. For low current regime the bulk trap density in the grain boundary can be extracted utilizing the expression for the noise density considering the thermal activation of carriers from the traps which induces the fluctuations in the barrier height and hence the current noise. The extraction method is successfully applied to the experimental data from the literature with reasonable values for the noise parameters. The concept of mobility in poly-Si TFT's is elucidated. The work can also explain the experimental observation on the barrier height dependence of the low frequency drain current noise in poly-Si TFT's.