Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an immunochromatographic test strip for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereal.

BACKGROUND Ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) are natural products of filamentous fungi that are harmful to humans and animals exposed to them even in extremely low concentration. The immunochromatographic test strip has become a popular diagnostic tool for detecting analytes. Its major advantages are that results can be obtained within 5-10 min, all needed reagents are included in the strip and it can be used to detect OTA and ZEN contamination in spots. In this study a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strip of competitive format was developed for the rapid simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of OTA and ZEN in corn and other cereals. RESULTS The test strip results with the naked eye showed that the sensitivities were 6 µg kg(-1) OTA and 20 µg kg(-1) ZEN in cereal, while those with a TSR3000 membrane strip reader showed that the IC50 values of OTA and ZEN were 1.7905 and 4.3514 ng mL(-1) and the lower detection limit (LDL) values were 0.7697 and 1.2000 µg kg(-1) respectively. These results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. CONCLUSION The immunochromatographic test strip developed in this study could be used for the rapid simultaneous, qualitative and quantitative screening of OTA and ZEN in corn samples. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Real‐world effectiveness for 12 weeks of ledipasvir–sofosbuvir for genotype 1 hepatitis C: the Trio Health study

Early data regarding the “real‐world” experience with novel therapies for hepatitis C (HCV) are encouraging. Data are still limited, however, regarding real‐world rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) for ledipasvir–sofosbuvir (LDV‐SOF), particularly for patients with prior treatment failure. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1597 patients with chronic genotype 1 HCV who were treated using 12 weeks of the following regimens LDV‐SOF±ribavirin (RBV) (n=1521 without RBV, n=76 with RBV). The primary outcome was SVR‐determined at 12 weeks in an intention‐to‐treat design. Prescription according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved labelling (adding RBV for patients with cirrhosis and treatment failure) was assessed in multivariate models. The study population was aged 60 years on average (range 19‐89), 60% male, 50% Caucasian, 43% cared for at an academic centre and 30% cirrhotic. Overall, LDV‐SOF resulted in a 94% SVR rate. Only 44 (2.9%) patients relapsed. LDV‐SOF+RBV yielded SVR in 97% with 0 viral relapses. While cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia were associated with lower odds of SVR, in a multivariable regression model, only treatment at an academic centre and prescriptions contrary to FDA labelling were significantly associated with lower SVR—odds ratios, 0.56 95% CI (0.35‐0.87) and 0.29 95% CI(0.12‐0.68), respectively. The real‐world experience with LDV‐SOF mirrors the SVR rates observed in clinical trials. Efforts to promote prescription within FDA recommendations are warranted.
Endoneurial injection of TNF-α produces neuropathic pain behaviors

THE inflammatory component of peripheral nerve injury may affect the development of local neuropathologic changes as well as the onset of hyperalgesia, the characteristic features of experimental neuropathic pain states. The goal of this study was to determine whether local sciatic injection of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α could reproduce the nociceptive behaviors and endoneurial pathology found following experimental nerve injuries. TNF injection caused significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia for 3 days post-injection in association with nerve edema, splitting of myelin lamellae with vacuolization, Schwann cell injury, fibroblast and macrophage activation, and phagocytosis of lipid debris. The data show that subperineurial injection of TNF proximal to peripheral sensory receptors generates the transient display of behaviors and endoneurial pathologies found in experimental painful nerve injury, and implicates local TNF in the pathologies of neuropathic pain.
Perception of a sung vowel as a function of frequency-modulation rate and excursion in listeners with normal hearing and hearing impairment.

PURPOSE Frequency fluctuations in human voices can usually be described as coherent frequency modulation (FM). As listeners with hearing impairment (HI listeners) are typically less sensitive to FM than listeners with normal hearing (NH listeners), this study investigated whether hearing loss affects the perception of a sung vowel based on FM cues. METHOD Vibrato maps were obtained in 14 NH and 12 HI listeners with different degrees of musical experience. The FM rate and FM excursion of a synthesized vowel, to which coherent FM was applied, were adjusted until a singing voice emerged. RESULTS In NH listeners, adding FM to the steady vowel components produced perception of a singing voice for FM rates between 4.1 and 7.5 Hz and FM excursions between 17 and 83 cents on average. In contrast, HI listeners showed substantially broader vibrato maps. Individual differences in map boundaries were, overall, not correlated with audibility or frequency selectivity at the vowel fundamental frequency, with no clear effect of musical experience. CONCLUSION Overall, it was shown that hearing loss affects the perception of a sung vowel based on FM-rate and FM-excursion cues, possibly due to deficits in FM detection or discrimination or to a degraded ability to follow the rate of frequency changes.
Transtornos alimentares em universitárias: estudo de confiabilidade da versão brasileira de questionários autopreenchíveis

O Teste de Atitudes Alimentares e o Teste de Investigacao Bulimica de Edimburgo sao questionarios, em versao brasileira, utilizados para rastreamento dos transtornos alimentares anorexia e bulimia nervosa. Outros comportamentos podem estar relacionados: a presenca de transtorno mental comum, autopercepcao corporal inadequada, frequencia de leitura de revistas sobre dieta, frequencia do uso de dieta, influencia dos pais, pratica de atividade fisica, dentre outros. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar niveis de confiabilidade do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares, do Teste de Investigacao Bulimica de Edimburgo, do General Health Questionnaire e de outras questoes, partes do questionario que investigou aspectos de saude e comportamento alimentar em universitarias recem-ingressas em uma universidade publica no Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se um desenho de estudo de confiabilidade teste-reteste, em amostra de 60 universitarias com media de idade de 20,2 anos. Para avaliacao, calculou-se o Coeficiente Kappa (K). A confiabilidade dos escores globais do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares, Teste de Investigacao Bulimica de Edimburgo e pratica de atividade fisica foi "quase perfeita", assim como a questao autopercepcao corporal, que foi, respectivamente K=0,81 (IC95% 0,59-1,0); K=0,85 (IC95% 0,70-0,99); K=0,83 (IC95% 0,70-0,93) e Kw(ponderado)=0,84 (IC95% 0,70-0,95). A confiabilidade da questao influencia familiar, leitura de artigos sobre dieta, do General Health Questionnaire e frequencia de uso de dieta para emagrecer foi "substancial", respectivamente, K=0,76 (IC95% 0,57-0,95); Kw=0,71 (IC95% 0,52-0,91); K=0,70 (IC95% 0,54-0,93) e Kw=0,92 (IC95% 0,85-0,98). Os resultados sugerem que os questionarios utilizados apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade das afericoes para universitarias, assim como as demais questoes.
Scintigraphic Assessment of Deposition of Radiolabeled Fluticasone Delivered from a Nebulizer and Metered Dose Inhaler in 10 Healthy Dogs

Background Aerosolized medications are increasingly being used to treat respiratory diseases in dogs. No previous studies assessing respiratory tract deposition of radiolabeled aerosols have been performed in conscious dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Assess respiratory tract deposition of radiolabeled, inhalant corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate labeled with 99mTc) delivered from a nebulizer and metered dose inhaler (MDI) to healthy dogs. Animals Ten healthy Foxhounds. Methods Prospective, randomized, cross‐over pilot study. Initial inhalation method (nebulizer or MDI) was randomly assigned. Treatments were crossed over after a 7‐day washout period. Treatments initially were performed using sedation. Dogs were imaged using 2‐dimensional planar scintigraphy, with respiratory tract deposition quantified by manual region‐of‐interest analysis. Deposition calculated as percentage of delivered dose. Six of 10 dogs were randomly selected and reassessed without sedation. Results Inhalation method had significant effect on respiratory tract deposition (P = 0.027). Higher deposition was achieved by nebulization with mean deposition of 4.2% (standard deviation [SD], 1.4%; range, 1.9–6.1%); whereas MDI treatment achieved a mean of 2.3% (SD, 1.4%; range, 0.2–4.2%). Nebulization achieved higher respiratory tract deposition than MDI in 7 of 10 dogs. No statistical difference (P = 0.68) was found between mean respiratory tract deposition achieved in dogs when unsedated (3.8%; SD, 1.5%) or sedated (3.6%; SD, 1.7%). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Study confirms respiratory tract deposition of inhalant medications delivered from a nebulizer and MDI in healthy dogs, breathing tidally with and without sedation. Respiratory tract deposition in these dogs was low compared to reported deposition in adult humans, but similar to reported deposition in children.
Kinesio Taping versus sensorymotor training for patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic disabling disease that generates many impairments of functional health status. The purpose of this study was to compare between Kinesio taping and sensorymotor training for treating patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Sixty patients with knee osteoarthritis aged from 30-50 years were assigned into three equal groups. Group (I) received traditional exercise program, group (II) received the same program in addition to kinesio taping for knee joint, group (III) received the same program plus sensorymotor training for eight weeks. blind assessment was conducted at the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks of the treatment to measure pain intensity, proprioceptive acuity and functional disability. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant improvement in proprioception acuity and functional activities in sensorymotor training group while pain level is significantly better improved in kinesio taping group (p
Primary Care: Concept, Evaluation, and Policy

Primary Care: Concept, Evaluation, and Policy is a comprehensive treatise that should be obligatory reading for all physicians and for legislators planning the future of health care in the United States. Dr Starfield, in this well-written and easily readable book, objectively reviews the concept of primary care in its entirety. She constructs the argument for primary care starting with a historical review. Within the book's first chapter, the need for restructuring from a primary medical to a primary health care model is introduced. Such a change requires new focus (eg, from illness to health), new content (eg, from treatment to health promotion), new organization (eg, from specialists to generalists), and new responsibility (eg, from professional dominance to community participation). To evaluate the rationale and the success of such a change, Dr Starfield reviews the 1978 Institute of Medicine approach to assessing the success of a health care system, noting accessibility,
Chronic exposure to the mycotoxin T-2 promotes oral absorption of chlortetracycline in pigs.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether T-2 toxin, a potent Fusarium mycotoxin, affects the oral absorption of the antibiotic chlortetracycline in pigs. Animals were allocated to blank feed without T-2 toxin (controls), feed containing 111 μg T-2/kg feed, T-2-contaminated feed supplemented with a yeast-derived feed additive, or blank feed supplemented solely with the feed additive, respectively. After 21 days, an intragastric bolus of chlortetracycline was given to assess potential alterations in the pharmacokinetics of this commonly used antibiotic. A significantly higher area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximal plasma concentration of chlortetracycline was observed after intake of T-2-contaminated feed compared with control. Thus, exposure to T-2-contaminated feed can influence the oral bioavailability of chlortetracycline. This effect could have consequences for the withdrawal time of the drug and the occurrence of undesirable residues in edible tissues.
Efficient salt-aided aqueous extraction of bitter almond oil.

BACKGROUND Salt-aided aqueous extraction (SAAE) is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly method of oil extraction that is influenced by many factors. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SAAE on bitter almond oil yield. RESULTS This study used sodium bicarbonate solution as extraction solvent and the optimal extraction parameters predicted by Box-Behnken design (i.e., concentration of sodium bicarbonate, 0.4 mol L-1 ; solvent-to-sample ratio, 5:1; extraction temperature, 84 °C; extraction time, 60 min), for oil recovery of 90.9%. The physiochemical characteristics of the extracted oil suggest that the quality was similar to that of the aqueous enzymatic extracted oil. Moreover, the content of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in bitter almond oil was found to be less than 5 mg kg-1 , which was lower compared to that obtained by other reported methods. Results of microanalysis indicated that SAAE led to significant improvement in oil yield by allowing the release of oil and decreasing the emulsion fraction. Therefore, extraction of bitter almond oil by SAAE is feasible. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that extraction of bitter almond oil by SAAE based on the salt effect is feasible on a laboratory scale. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Studies comparing surrogate measures for head posture in individuals with and without neck pain

Abstract Background: Head posture (HP) assessment of patients with neck pain (NP) is claimed to be useful in aiding diagnosis, determining treatment strategies and monitoring patient progress. It is assumed that patients with NP have poorer HP than asymptomatic individuals. Objectives: To determine whether there are differences in angles or linear distances between anatomical landmarks used as surrogates for HP between individuals with and without NP. Methods: Studies were sought from PubMed, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Sports Discus, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier and The Cochrane Library. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and assessed full reports for potentially eligible studies. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently extracted information on participants' characteristics, study methods and study quality. Discrepancies were resolved using a third reviewer as arbiter. Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis so a tally of study outcome was performed. Results: Seven of 13 included studies found no statistically significant differences in measurements of components of HP between participants with NP and asymptomatic participants. When compared to asymptomatic individuals NP patients were found to have greater forward HP in 4 of 19 comparisons (11 studies), greater head extension/flexion in two of nine comparisons (six studies) and less side-flexion and less rotation in one of one comparison (one study). Conclusion: There is insufficient good quality evidence to determine whether forward HP, head extension, side-flexion and rotation differ between participants with NP and asymptomatic participants.
A Synthesis of Relevant Literature on the Development of Emotional Competence: Implications for Design of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems.

PURPOSE Emotional competence refers to the ability to identify, respond to, and manage one's own and others' emotions. Emotional competence is critical to many functional outcomes, including making and maintaining friends, academic success, and community integration. There appears to be a link between the development of language and the development of emotional competence in children who use speech. Little information is available about these issues in children who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). In this article, we consider how AAC systems can be designed to support communication about emotions and the development of emotional competence. METHOD Because limited research exists on communication about emotions in a context of aided AAC, theory and research from other fields (e.g., psychology, linguistics, child development) is reviewed to identify key features of emotional competence and their possible implications for AAC design and intervention. RESULTS The reviewed literature indicated that the research and clinical attention to emotional competence in children with disabilities is encouraging. However, the ideas have not been considered specifically in the context of aided AAC. On the basis of the reviewed literature, we offer practical suggestions for system design and AAC use for communication about emotions with children who have significant disabilities. Three key elements of discussing emotions (i.e., emotion name, reason, and solution) are suggested for inclusion in order to provide these children with opportunities for a full range of discussion about emotions. CONCLUSIONS We argue that supporting communication about emotions is as important for children who use AAC as it is for children who are learning speech. This article offers a means to integrate information from other fields for the purpose of enriching AAC supports.
Halonotius pteroides gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon recovered from a saltern crystallizer.

Strains 1.15. 5(T), 2.27. 5, 5.24. 4 and 6.14. 5 were isolated from a solar saltern. They have flattened, rod-shaped cells and are aerobic, extremely halophilic members of the domain Archaea and family Halobacteriaceae. Cells stained Gram-negative and grew optimally in media around neutral pH and containing 20-24 % (w/v) (strains 1.15.5(T) and 2.27. 5) or 22-24 % (w/v) (5.24.4 and 6.14.5) salts. Mg(2+) was not required. The DNA G+C contents of these isolates were all close to 58 mol%, and DNA-DNA cross-hybridization showed a mean relatedness of 77 %. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences differed by no more than 1.6 % from each other. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions with other recognized members of the Halobacteriaceae indicated that they formed a distinct clade, with the closest relative being Halorubrum saccharovorum (86.6-87.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain). The only major polar lipid of all four isolates was the sulfated diglycosyl diether lipid S-DGD-1. By phase-contrast microscopy, the long, flattened cells of these strains often displayed a 'wing-like' shape. The phenotypic and phylogenetic data support the placement of these isolates into a novel species in a new genus within the Halobacteriaceae, for which we propose the name Halonotius pteroides gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Halonotius pteroides is 1.15. 5(T) (=JCM 14355(T) =CECT 7525(T) =DSM 18729(T)), with the additional reference strains 2.27. 5 (=JCM 14356 =DSM 18671), 5.24. 4 (=JCM 14357 =DSM 18673) and 6.14. 5 (=JCM 14358 =DSM 18692).
Discourse Characteristics in Aphasia Beyond the Western Aphasia Battery Cutoff.

Purpose This study examined discourse characteristics of individuals with aphasia who scored at or above the 93.8 cutoff on the Aphasia Quotient subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R; Kertesz, 2007). They were compared with participants without aphasia and those with anomic aphasia. Method Participants were from the AphasiaBank database and included 28 participants who were not aphasic by WAB-R score (NABW), 92 participants with anomic aphasia, and 177 controls. Cinderella narratives were analyzed using the Computerized Language Analysis programs (MacWhinney, 2000). Outcome measures were words per minute, percent word errors, lexical diversity using the moving average type-token ratio (Covington, 2007b), main concept production, number of utterances, mean length of utterance, and proposition density. Results Results showed that the NABW group was significantly different from the controls on all measures except MLU and proposition density. These individuals were compared to participants without aphasia and those with anomic aphasia. Conclusion Individuals with aphasia who score above the WAB-R Aphasia Quotient cutoff demonstrate discourse impairments that warrant both treatment and special attention in the research literature.
Management of skull fractures in the horse

INJURIES to the equine head are common, particularly in young horses, possibly due to their inquisitive and excitable nature. Skull fractures may be caused by direct trauma and many are open fractures with communication to the skin, oral and nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses. Despite this, perhaps due to the high vascularity of equine skull bones or the relatively low loads placed on these bones, the prognosis for complete recovery in horses with skull fractures is good, with only minor cosmetic blemishes remaining in most cases. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of skull fractures in the horse.
Percutaneous absorption of chemicals: developing an understanding for the treatment of disease in frogs.

The permeable nature of frog skin presents an alternative route for the delivery of therapeutic chemicals to treat disease in frogs. However, although therapeutic chemicals are often topically applied to the skin of frogs, their pharmacokinetics have rarely been reported. To provide evidence to guide both candidate drug and formulation selection, we highlight factors expected to influence percutaneous absorption through frog skin, including the anatomy and physiology of the skin and the physicochemical properties of applied therapeutic chemicals. Importantly, we also highlight the effects of the formulation on percutaneous absorption, especially the inclusion of potential penetration enhancers as excipients. Finally, we collate empirical data on the topical application of various therapeutic chemicals in postmetamorphic frogs and show that, in contrast to mammalian species, even large chemicals (i.e. >500 Da) and those with a wide range of log P values (-4 through +6) are likely to be absorbed percutaneously. Topical application in frogs thus promises a convenient and effective method for delivering systemic treatments of a diverse range of chemicals; however, further experimental quantification is required to ensure optimal outcomes.