Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Linguistics

This study investigates the extent to which there is individuality in how structural variation is conditioned over time. Earlier research already classified the diachronically unstable gerund variation as involving a high fraction of mixed-usage speakers throughout the change, whereby the proportion of the conservative variant versus the progressive variant as observable in the linguistic output of individual language users superficially resembles the mean proportion as observable at the population level. However, this study sets out to show that there can still be heterogeneity within such a centralized population in terms of how each individual conditions the observed variation. A random forest and conditional inference tree analysis of over 14,000 gerunds uttered by nineteen seventeenth-century authors is presented to show that, while the most important language-internal factors conditioning the gerund variation are adopted by (and shared between) all authors, we can still attest inter-individual variation (i) at lower levels of variable importance, and (ii) in the breadth of the range of contexts individual authors employ to condition the attested variation.
Educational mismatches and earnings in the New Zealand labour market

ABSTRACT Mismatch of educational skills in the labour market is an emerging topic in the field of labour economics, partly due to its link to labour productivity. In this paper, we examine the incidence of educational mismatch and its earnings effects in the New Zealand labour market. Using micro-data drawn from the Household Labour Force Survey and the New Zealand Income Supplement (HLFS/NZIS) for the years 2004–2007, we find a noteworthy incidence of both over- and under-education in New Zealand – approximately half of workers in some occupations were well matched to their jobs. We also find that earnings returns to required years of education exceeded the returns with over- and under-education, with a greater earnings penalty associated with under-education. We test hypotheses on three alternative models of educational mismatch. Our results imply that public spending on education is not wasteful. However, better allocation of workers to jobs may be needed to increase overall labour productivity.
Why Managers Want to Be Mentors? The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and the Anticipated Costs of Mentoring for the Propensity to Mentor by Managers in Formal Mentoring in Organizations

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the research was to find out the correlation between the motivation and costs of internal or external locus of control and the propensity to mentor. Investment of time and personal energy was regarded as factors with an internal locus of control, whereas a lack of mentee’s achievement, problems caused by a mentee, unhealthy or unfriendly relation, and a risk to be replaced by a mentee were regarded as factors with an external locus of control. In the case of internal factors, their locus of control is the mentor him/herself while, in external factors, their locus is outside of the mentor and lies in a situation or an environment. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study among Polish managers. Findings: First, the results show that uniquely intrinsic motivation relates to the propensity to mentor, while extrinsic motivation has no importance. Second, before deciding to mentor, managers estimate the costs of mentoring: the higher they are the lower the propensity to mentor. Third, the costs related to the internal locus of control – time and personal energy invested by a mentor in mentoring – are most important when deciding to mentor. The risk of destroying a mentor’s reputation, problems caused by a mentee, unfriendly or unhealthy relationship and a risk to be replaced by a mentee emerged as of little importance. Fourth, previous experience as a mentor or mentee positively influences the propensity to mentor. Value: The study contributes to existing research, theory, and practice in the field of organizational behavior in the context of mentoring. The findings shed light on decision patterns in managers’ propensity to mentor and thoroughly explore the role of the anticipated cost of mentoring.
A view-based model of data-cube to support big earth data systems interoperability

Abstract Big Earth Data-Cube infrastructures are becoming more and more popular to provide Analysis Ready Data, especially for managing satellite time series. These infrastructures build on the concept of multidimensional data model (data hypercube) and are complex systems engaging different disciplines and expertise. For this reason, their interoperability capacity has become a challenge in the Global Change and Earth System science domains. To address this challenge, there is a pressing need in the community to reach a widely agreed definition of Data-Cube infrastructures and their key features. In this respect, a discussion has started recently about the definition of the possible facets characterizing a Data-Cube in the Earth Observation domain. This manuscript contributes to such debate by introducing a view-based model of Earth Data-Cube systems to design its infrastructural architecture and content schemas, with the final goal of enabling and facilitating interoperability. It introduces six modeling views, each of them is described according to: its main concerns, principal stakeholders, and possible patterns to be used. The manuscript considers the Business Intelligence experience with Data Warehouse and multidimensional “cubes” along with the more recent and analogous development in the Earth Observation domain, and puts forward a set of interoperability recommendations based on the modeling views.
Smart Simulation for Decision Support at Headquarters

Abstract While serious games are being widely adopted by NATO and partner nations, their use is currently limited to training and operations planning. In this paper, we explore new methods that use simulations for decision support during the execution of military operations. During this phase, the commander makes decisions based on knowledge of the situation and the primary objectives. We propose here to take a simulation containing smart and autonomous units, and use it to create new kinds of decision support tools capable of improving situation awareness, and consequently the quality of decisions. The breakthrough behind this initiative is the realization that we can provide HQ decision makers with access to a version of the information that smart simulated units use to make decisions. To ensure the approach was sound we first studied decision-making processes, and analyzed how situation awareness improves decision-making. After analysis of the decision-making processes at various headquarters, and the types of decision criteria employed, we are able to produce innovative information, computed by the simulation, and fed by the command and control system. We then propose a prerequisite architecture and describe the first results of our proof of concept work based on the SWORD (Simulation War gaming for Operational Research and Doctrine) simulation.
A distributed method for measuring available bandwidth in overlay networks exploiting path overlap

The estimation of available bandwidth is crucial for many overlay network applications. However, measuring available bandwidth requires a large amount of probe traffic. Furthermore, the measurement conflict of route-overlapping paths can cause serious degradation of measurement accuracy and non-negligible increase in the network load. In this report, we propose a distributed method for measuring available bandwidth in overlay networks that can reduce measurement conflict while maintaining high measurement accuracy with low cost. The main idea is that neighboring overlay nodes exchange the route information to detect overlapping paths, and share measurement results of overlapping paths to configure parameter settings for available bandwidth measurement. Simulation results show that the relative errors in the measurement results of our method are approximately only 65% of those of the existing method.
The Effects of Psychological Capital on Public Employees’ Burnout: An Example From Turkey

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the effects of psychological capital on employees’ burn-out in the work environment. This research is paired with Self-Efficacy Theory, which emphasizes that the results of efforts and performances are the most significant sources of self-efficacy. Methodology: Data collected from 416 Turkish workers employed at public institutions in Turkey were included in the analyses to identify the effects of psychological capital on burnout by using two different types of scales (burnout and psychological capital scales) into a single questionnaire form with Likert-type response scale. Beside the Reliability Analysis, different statistical valuation methods –such as regression and correlation analyses– have also been used. Findings: The results of analyses conducted on the sample of 416 Turkish workers reveal that statistically significant relationships appear between self-efficacy and depersonalization, hope and low personal accomplishment, optimism and emotional exhaustion, optimism and depersonalization. Optimism is negatively related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization while positively and insignificantly related to low personal accomplishment. Both self-efficacy and optimism are significantly effective in explaining depersonalization. Hope positively and significantly contributes to explain the low personal accomplishment level of employees. On the other hand, optimism negatively and significantly contributes to emotional exhaustion. Implications: As found in the results of this research, optimism will decrease emotional exhaustion. Resilient people can more easily adapt to changes in life. Organizations may focus not only on improving organizational structure but also foregrounding workers’ positive personality traits and healthy psychological capital systems. Value: This research which emphasizes the effects of psychological capital on burnout levels of employees is as valuable as others in relevant literature with different research results which are more valuable than the other.
Over-current Suppression for Parallel Connected GaN HEMTs

The objective of this paper is to propose a method to suppress the unbalanced over-current for parallel connected Gallium Nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). For high power applications, it is very common that two GaN HEMTs need to be connected in parallel to increase the current capability. However, due to the high switching behavior and circuit component variation, a high over-current can easily appear on the GaN HEMT with faster turn-on transient. The proposed over-current suppression method is achieved by generating a compensated voltage to increase the slew rate of the gate-to-source transient voltage for the slow response switch. The proposed compensated voltage is generated via an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensor and a high bandwidth operational amplifier (op-amp). The operation principle of the proposed method will be explained and the computer simulations and hardware experimental results will be presented to verify the performance of the proposed method.
IT-Business Strategic Alignment in Social Era

The problem discussed in this paper is the paradox associated with the hundreds of contributions of the scientific community over three decades, mainly leveraged by the Strategic Alignment Model (SAM) and its perspectives, but whose benefits arising from its applicability to the real world are scarce. The context of public sector organizations, which does not fit into any of the four perspectives presented by Henderson and Venkatraman (1993), led to the intertwining of the theme with the Social Era, predominantly people-driven or relationship-driven. The hypothesis formulation involves interconnecting convergent concepts, such as Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and e-participation, to potentiate the change of perspective, allowing to achieve the desired strategic alignment (IT-Business).
Design recommendations for the development of virtual reality focusing on the elderly

Due to the loss of physical and cognitive skills, older people may need special support to help them in daily activities. These activities can be a source of fun and entertainment, and at the same time improve their physical and psychological wellbeing. One of the options to meet the needs and expectations of the older people may be to use virtual reality (VR) games. For this purpose, it's important to identify design elements that make virtual reality games more suitable for the elderly audience. This study aims to check design recommendations extracted from previous research and also to identify new information that can contribute to the design of VR games focused on older people. In order to achieve this objective, we developed a virtual reality game for user testing with older participants. Participants' experience was recorded for qualitative analysis based on grounded theory. Besides a grounded theory, the results include a list of recommendations for games in virtual reality aimed at the elderly.
Developing an Open Writing Aid for Non-Native Speakers of English: An Ontology-Based Approach

In today's globalised world where there is a growing need for international communication, non-native speakers (NNS) from a wide range of professional fields are increasingly called upon to write specialised texts in English. More often than not, however, the linguistic competence required to do so is well beyond that of the majority of NNS. While software applications can serve to assist NNS in their English writing tasks, most of the applications available are designed for users of English for general purposes as opposed to English for professional purposes. Therefore, these applications lack the specific vocabulary, style guidelines and common structures required in more specialised documents. Necessary modifications to meet the needs of English for professional purposes tend to be viewed as representing an overly complex and expensive task. To overcome these challenges, we present a software called O-WEAA (Ontology-Writing English Assistant Architecture) which makes use of an ontology that represents the knowledge which, according to our formalisation, is required to write most types of specialised professional documents in the English language. Our formalisation of the required knowledge is based on an exhaustive linguistic analysis of several written genres. The proposed software is composed of two parts: i) a web application named Acquisition Interface Module, which allows experts to populate the ontology with new data and ii) a user-friendly, general web interface named Writing Assistant Interface Module which guides the user throughout the writing process of the English document in the specific domain described in the ontology.
MQTT Flow Signatures for the Internet of Things

The number of IoT devices and the volume of network traffic has grown continuously during the past years. IoT devices are smart devices designed with simple functions in mind, like collecting the temperature or opening a door. However, IoT devices lack a good security layer due to lack of resources: small memory, processor and/or battery. Consequently, new potential attacks and security problems have arisen. In order to detect and mitigate these security problems Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)can be used, However, abnormal traffic must be distinguished from normal IoT patterns. In this article, a study was done on characterization of traffic signatures of two typical IoT application protocols - MQTT and MQTTS - with the objective of generating and collecting IP flows of said traffic. An IoT application scenario was simulated and using the traffic collected, an analysis of MQTT and MQTTS flows were elaborated to identify flow-based signatures that could be used to identify the network traffic of IoT application protocols.
A Custom and Dynamic Game using Gamification Techniques to Children from 4 to 5 years old

The learning process in children is currently a complex activity, since children tend to lose concentration easily. In many cases it is difficult for the teacher to identify if the children were able to understand the class. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to improve the learning process of the English language through a dynamic game. For this purpose, an interactive game was developed with a focus on gamification, where children have fun learning. The result of the game was satisfactory; in the game the children listen and see the fruits and colors on the screen. An initial test of teaching fruits and colors was done in a traditional way “Teacher - student”, in this first case of a total of 24 children, 17 understood their teacher. On the other case the test “Game - Student” demonstrated the success of the game with 21 children who understood what the game showed and improved their rating, and that is the proposed in this research.
Open Source Business Intelligence on a SME: A Case Study using Pentaho

The use of Business Intelligence (BI) platforms is an effective choice to support decision-making. BI platforms are a major asset for any enterprise, as they have multiple benefits that become a competitive advantage. It is known that BI implementation costs are one of the top factors for the non BI spread over Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Open source BI platforms provide most of the functionalities available in commercial solutions without increasing costs for organizations. Another factor also known to keep BI aside from SMEs: the complexity of implementation. This paper intends to answer the question that arises when the SME decides to move forward: can we implement a BI system? How complex will it be? It is conducted a case study where a prototype implementation of Pentaho BI platform takes place using a real case and data. The aim is to verify the complexity level of this implementation process and if it is within reach of an SME. The overall conclusion is that even though the process is not that complex, it should be managed by someone with knowledge in this area, either from the organization or from external.
Acceptance of electronic games by the senior population

The phenomenon of growth of the elderly population associated with information and communication sciences and technologies has inspired several research projects that seek alternatives to include this part of the population to this new reality. From the bibliographical survey on the state of the art, most of the studies considered the variables gender, physical situation, digital inclusion and socialization of the elderly. A study appended [20] considered the variables gaming narrative, social interaction and health condition as direct predictors of intention to use digital games, proposing a model of use and acceptance of the extended technologies. In this context, and in view of this identified gap, this research proposal seeks to identify characteristics that facilitate and / or promote the acceptance of electronic games, their use and the learning of information and communication technologies by the elderly population. These characteristics will be used as variables to be incorporated into the TAM-TPB model [19].
Strain Effect - A Case Study About the Power of Nano-Influencers

This article serves to show how things are changing when it comes to business and social networking. Nowadays, it is hard to find a business that does not have an account on any social network, and we can safely say that social media is a crucial aspect for any business enterprise - to sell their products, to be seen and, obviously, to make more money. We talk about the possibility to mix innovation, business strategy and social media. To complement this research, we focused our work on a Portuguese start-up - Strain - that intends to prove marketing is changing and that it actually welcomes the change, with social networks at the base of their business. They intend to use online influencers to promote the image of a brand, free of charge, and earn discounts on it. It is, indeed, a win-win situation, where each of the three parts (the company itself, clients and Strain) is a winner one way or the other.
SIEM Open Source Solutions: A Comparative Study

Computer attacks are increasing in complexity and number of occurrences making it imperative to implement tools such as Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) to mitigate risks, as Organizations increasingly rely each time more on computer systems for the development of their activities. The presented work compares several SIEM “open source” solutions, resorting to bibliographic research and the implementation of several tests’ scenarios, with the aim of creating a prototype and evaluating it in a production context. The chosen solution will have to take in account the legal requirements of the EU-GDPR, General Data Protection Regulation, such as the anonymization and pseudo anonymization of sensitive data, retention time of “logs”, and its encryption and protection.
A Temperature-dependent PSpice Short-circuit Model of SiC MOSFET

A temperature-dependent PSpice short-circuit model of silicon carbide metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (SiC MOSFET) is proposed in this paper, which can be used to study the short-circuit characteristic of SiC MOSFET by simulation. Based on the non-segmented model, the normal working model of SiC MOSFET is established first. The correctness of the normal working model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the characteristic curves in the SiC MOSFET’s datasheet. Then the thermal network model of case-to-junction is introduced to describe the changes of junction temperature during short-circuit condition, and the short-circuit current of SiC MOSFET is further fitted based on the junction temperature. Finally, the proposed temperature-dependent short-circuit model of SiC MOSFET is simulated in PSpice, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can work correctly under normal working condition and short-circuit condition. Furthermore, the correctness of the proposed short-circuit model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results provided in the literature. Therefore, the proposed model in this paper make it possible that designing and analyzing the SiC MOSFET short-circuit characteristics in simulation.