Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sounding techniques for wideband mobile radio channels : a review

A major prerequisite to the specification and design of any wideband digital mobile radio system is a thorough knowledge of the propagation characteristics of the mobile radio channel. The various methods of channel sounding are reviewed, with both narrowband and wideband techniques being discussed. The advantages and limitations of each method are highlighted and the swept time-delay crosscorrelator (STDCC) technique is presented as the optimum choice. The main features of an experimental STDCC sounder are identified, factors that are considered essential to good system performance are discussed, and the interrelationships between the sounder parameters are emphasised. It is shown that extension of the power-delay profile prior to calculation of the frequency correlation function leads to the achievement of substantially improved frequency resolution. This is particularly relevant when the average power delay profile contains significant echoes at large excess time delays.
PMD and chromatic dispersion compensation in a 1.76-terabit/s (44 x 43 Gbit/s) optical transmission experiment over 600-km SMF

A simple, adaptive PMD compensator is demonstrated in a 1.76Terabit/s (44 x 43 Gbit/s) transmission experi- ment over 600km SMF with a mean PMD of 8 ps. The PMDC is composed of a LiNbO3 polarization-controller followed by a component with an adjustable differential group delay (DGD) in the range of 0-20 ps. Feedback control is provided by means of continuously monitoring and maximizing the degree of polarization (DOP). This PMDC is shown to automatically compensate well for 1st-order (0-28 ps) and one part - the depolarization - of 2nd-order (0-130 ps2) PMD. Polarization dependent chromatic dispersion (PCD), being the other part of 2nd-order PMD, is negligible as long transmission systems without a PMDC are considered. But in fact PCD plays a role when an optical PMDC is introduced. Because of the anyway tight tolerance of 40 Gbit/s optical signals to chromatic dispersion, the variable dispersion compensator VIPA (virtually imaged phased array) with a tuning range of +/-800 ps/nm is introduced besides the PMDC. Therefore, with VIPA not only residual chro- matic dispersion put also PCD is e®ectively compensated for. Using adaptive optical technologies compensating for PMD and chromatic dispersion, error-free transmission (BER< 10¡15 with FEC, Q-margin=3 dB) of 44 x 43 Gbit/s (1.76 Tbit/s) over 600km of high PMD (8 ps) SMF is demonstrated.
Rainfall Trend Analysis in Tehsils of Palghar District, Maharashtra State, India

Abstract: A detailed trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall for Tehsils of Palghar district were carried out using 22 years (1998-2019) daily rainfall data taken from Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra State. In this study, to analyse the trend, the non-parametric test (Mann-Kendall test) and Sen’s slope estimator were used. For developing a functional relationship between variables, a linear trend of rainfall data for the studied area evaluated using the linear regression. The results showed that the trend analysis of monthly rainfall has a varied trend of rainfall in the rainy months in tehsil of Palghar District. The month of July significant increasing trend was observed at Jawhar (42.91 mm/year), Vikramgad (29.90 mm/year), Wada (24.06 mm/year), Talasari (31.36 mm/year), Palghar (25.299 mm/year), Mokhada (29.96 mm/year) and Dahanu (38.14 mm/year), whereas non-significant increasing trend 2.76 mm/year was observed at Vasai tehsil of Palghar District during 1998-2019. The month of June, August, September and October rainfall did not show any significant trend in tehsil of Palghar District and non significant decreasing as well as non significant increasing trend was observed in tehsil of Palghar District during 1998 – 2019. The result concluded that annual rainfall trend was increased in Jawhar, Vikramgad, Wada, Talasari, Palghar, Mokhada and Dahanu; whereas Vasai tehsil rainfall trend was decreased in tehsil of Palghar District during 1998 -2019. Keywords: Rainfall, Trend Analysis, Mann Kendall’s Test, Sen Slopes, Regression
A Non-Invasive Hardware Trojan Detection Approach Based on Side-Channel Analysis

Aim at the feasibility of using electromagnetic emanation side-channel to detect hardware Trojan in IC chips, the structure of EM side-channel signal of chip is analyzed and the leaked model about signal is designed. With explaining the principle of Karhunen-Loeve transform, a method that uses KL transform to obtain characteristic signal of EM emanation side-channel is introduced. It detects hardware Trojan by analyzing the difference between the characteristic signal of chip with and without Trojan. Experiments of detecting hardware Trojan in FPGA cipher chip show that we can distinguish effectively the difference between the EM signals of Trojan chip and genuine chip, then the Trojan in chip can be detected.
THIN–LAYER DRYING OF SWEET POTATO CHIPS AND PRESSED GRATES

Thin¨Clayer drying characteristics of sweet potato chips and pressed grates were determined. Drying conditions were: temperatures of 33“´¬–”²a›C, 51“´¬–”²a›C, and 70“´¬–”²a›C; airflow rates of 0.084 and 0.145 m 3 /(si¤m 2 ); and absolute humidity of 1.003 ¨¹ 10 ¨C2 kg H2O/kg dry air. The drying rates of pressed grates were higher than those of chips. The modified Page equation describes thin¨Clayer drying of chips and pressed grates. The drying time required for chips to reach the moisture ratio of 0.5 varied between 2.4 and 6.1 times that of pressed grates.
A Random Modulation Spread-Spectrum Digital PWM for a Low System Clock Digital Buck Converter

The need for a high-efficiency power system has emerged since many IoT devices are mainly operated by batteries. A power system with analog control can have a high control bandwidth, but it is relatively vulnerable to noise disturbances and may suffer from control problems. On the other hand, a digitally controlled power system has high reliability and great controllability at the expense of switching noise and EMI issues. To implement a digitally controlled PWM with high resolution and low EMI, this study proposes a random carrier frequency modulation with dithered duty cycle method, where wide spectrum dithering and random modulation of spread spectrum PWM are tightly integrated. The proposed system was not only able to suppress voltage ripples, but also possible to minimize the occurrence of dependent frequencies due to the fixed dithering pattern. The spectrum of the output voltage showed that the switching frequency component was reduced by about 6.1dB and the output voltage ripples was also reduced compared to the existing PWM techniques.
The data set knowledge graph: Creating a linked open data source for data sets

Abstract Several scholarly knowledge graphs have been proposed to model and analyze the academic landscape. However, although the number of data sets has increased remarkably in recent years, these knowledge graphs do not primarily focus on data sets but rather on associated entities such as publications. Moreover, publicly available data set knowledge graphs do not systematically contain links to the publications in which the data sets are mentioned. In this paper, we present an approach for constructing an RDF knowledge graph that fulfills these mentioned criteria. Our data set knowledge graph, DSKG, is publicly available at http://dskg.org and contains metadata of data sets for all scientific disciplines. To ensure high data quality of the DSKG, we first identify suitable raw data set collections for creating the DSKG. We then establish links between the data sets and publications modeled in the Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph that mention these data sets. As the author names of data sets can be ambiguous, we develop and evaluate a method for author name disambiguation and enrich the knowledge graph with links to ORCID. Overall, our knowledge graph contains more than 2,000 data sets with associated properties, as well as 814,000 links to 635,000 scientific publications. It can be used for a variety of scenarios, facilitating advanced data set search systems and new ways of measuring and awarding the provisioning of data sets.
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Yoga Practice on Physical Fitness in the Elderly

The purpose of this study was to meta-analyze the effects of yoga intervention on physical fitness in the elderly. The following databases were systematically searched in 25 March 2021: Cochrane, PubMed and Embase. A total of 656 papers was identified through key word combinations, finally, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The main conclusions are as follows. First, yoga practice showed moderately positive effects on muscle strength, balance, mobility, and lower body flexibility, but had no significant effect on cardiorespiratory endurance and upper body flexibility. Second, sub-group analysis showed that subjects in their 60s and 70s and yoga practice for 9–12 weeks had a large positive effect on physical fitness. Yoga is a multimodal activity that improves muscle strength, balance, and flexibility in the elderly, and physical activity policies should continue to promote yoga as an activity that enhances physical and mental wellbeing in this population.
High performance risc microprocessor for operation in harsh space environment

Since the early 90's, the European Space Industry has elected the Sparc 32 bit RISC microprocessor architecture as the core for the European Space programs, and Atmel has continuously supported this choice by providing several generations of chips allowing for improved calculation power performance and SEU immunity by using standard industry means, like going to denser technologies on one side, and by mitigating SEU susceptibility with design techniques at the memory cell level, on the other side. If the race to denser technologies can keep going as long as they are made available for space use, it is at the expense that the standard SEU susceptibility mitigation techniques are no longer sufficient to protect against new phenomenon like transient heavy ions induced errors, directing to complement former mitigation schemes with solutions encompassing TMR, majority votes, Error Detection And Correction (EDAC),. The paper will present the radiation results from a Processor demonstrator chip, whose synthesizable behavioral model, LEON, was produced by the European Space Agency (ESA) and, then, implemented by Atmel on a 0. 35μm standard cell ASIC library, which has been produced with 2 options: with, and without the new transient errors mitigation techniques to demonstrate their efficiency. Stemming from this activity, the paper will also present the next Sparc Microprocessor chip, currently under design on the most advanced Atmel radiation tolerant standard cell ASIC library and due to be taped out by the end of the year 2003: this new Sparc V8 compliant chip will be capable of achieving significantly above 100 MIPs calculation power and will integrate new features like embedded data and instruction memories, multiple types of memory controllers, and a trace capability to improve the assistance to the system designers.
A Bireporter Vector System for Assaying Translational Activity of Regulatory Elements

BackgroundMolecular biology has always shown some similarities with computer science. So, considering transient expression, one can see an analogy with a DDoS attack on a computing system. Like the DDoS attack, transient expression can carry a payload. In particular, analysis of the structure of cell mechanisms and signal amplification in the study of very subtle mechanisms of regulation.ResultsA new vector system for transient expression in plants is described; this system is intended for quantitative analysis of the contribution of regulatory elements to transcription and translation efficiencies. The proposed vector comprises two expression cassettes carrying reporter genes (of the Clostridium thermocellum thermostable lichenase and E. coli
Super-Resolution Time-Delays Estimation in HF Channel Sounding Based on Chirp Sequence

According to the characteristics of HF channel and chirp signal, an innovative multipath time-delay model of wide-band HF channel was proposed, by which the estimation problem of time-delay was converted into an estimation problem of spectrum.Then the MUSIC algorithm with super-resolution ability was applied to the problem above. The feasibility of estimating multipath time-delays based on single measurement data was deeply discussed. Meanwhile, the performance of applying MUSIC and root MUSIC algorithm to the model proposed in the paper was presented. The simulation results suggested that the method proposed in the paper owned super-resolution ability and robust in estimation of multipath time-delay.
List of Papers

1. Safro I. , Segel L. , ”Collective stochastic versions of playable games as metaphors for complex biosystems: Team Collect Four”, Complexity 8 (2003), 46-55, download 2. Safro I. , ”The minimum linear arrangement problem”, M.Sc. Thesis, Weizmann Institute of Science, 2002. 3. Safro I. , Ron D. , Brandt A. , ”Graph Minimum Linear Arrangement by Multilevel Weighted Edge Contractions”, Journal of Algorithms, vol. 60/1, pp. 24-41, 2006, download 4. Safro I. , Ron D. , Brandt A. , ”A Multilevel Algorithm for the Minimum 2-sum Problem”, Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, vol. 10/2, 2006, download 5. Safro I. , Ron D. , Brandt A. , ”Multilevel Algorithms for Linear Ordering Problems”, accepted, Journal of Experimental Algorithmics, 2007. 6. Klipcan L. , Safro I. , Temkin B. , Safro M. , ”Optimal growth temperature of prokaryotes correlates with class II amino acid composition”, FEBS Letters, vol. 580/6, pp. 1672-1676, 2006, download
A New Control Scheme for Sealing System in Continuous Motion Form/Fill/Seal Packaging Machines

It has been proved through the extensive study of continuous Form/Fill/Seal packaging machine that the outlook and final quality of the formed bags are largely dependent on the accurate synchronisation of vertical and horizontal sealing subsystems. In this paper, we first investigate synchronisation problem existed in the sealing system of traditional continuous F/F/S packaging machine which is mainly due to the mechanical non-constant transmission system used in the current continuous F/F/S packaging machine. A new control scheme is then proposed to address this problem in which the driving of the horizontal and vertical sealing has been made into independent but connected subsystems and controlled by separate control modules. We discuss the mathematical model and physical design in which the mechanical transmission part is discarded therefore simplifies the whole design of the machine. The new control scheme has been testified in several industrial applications with excellent performance result.
Machine assisted histogram classification

LHCb is one of the four major experiments under completion at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Monitoring the quality of the acquired data is important, because it allows the verification of the detector performance. Anomalies, such as missing values or unexpected distributions can be indicators of a malfunctioning detector, resulting in poor data quality. Spotting faulty or ageing components can be either done visually using instruments, such as the LHCb Histogram Presenter, or with the help of automated tools. In order to assist detector experts in handling the vast monitoring information resulting from the sheer size of the detector, we propose a graph based clustering tool combined with machine learning algorithm and demonstrate its use by processing histograms representing 2D hitmaps events. We prove the concept by detecting ion feedback events in the LHCb experiment's RICH subdetector.
Specialized hybrid batch fabrication process for MEMS RF voltage sensors

RF voltage measurement based on electrostatic RMS voltage-to-force conversion is an alternative method in comparison to the classical thermal power dissipation method. It is based on a parallel-plate capacitor with one elastically hinged plate. By applying an AC voltage, a force proportional to its RMS value is generated between the plates, and consequently the movable plate swings to the equilibrium position between spring force and electrostatic force. For a theoretically adequate resolution and precision, the necessary geometrical dimensions of the sensor practically require the use of advanced micromachining techniques. In this contribution, we discuss a unique batch fabrication process to meet the challenge of having two very large plane-parallel surfaces separated by only a few microns. The basic design consists of an actuator made of silicon embedded between two glass wafers for electrical contacting and sealing. Each step of this hybrid process has been optimized to prevent residual liquids leading to stiction and breaking of the fragile parts of the micro-structures. Flat grooves in the silicon define the gap between the capacitor electrodes, and an anisotropic dry-etch step releases the actuator. A second glass wafer builds the top of the stack and is fixated using a patterned photo-resist. Bumpers on the bottom layer and ridges in the top wafer improve the robustness of the structure. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the production process, pointing out critical as well as alternative design steps towards the optimized sensor. Finally, results of working devices are shown.
A physical layer secure wireless communication method using random antenna switching

A method of using random antenna switching (RAS) is proposed to guarantee the information security during the physical layer transmission. The method uses multiple antennas at the base station and a single antenna at the mobile terminal. The expected mobile terminal (target user) first transmits a training symbol which is used by the base station to estimate the channel. The base station then randomly selects several antennas to transmit each symbol. The weighting coefficients are obtained according to the estimated channel, which is similar to the distributed beamforming except that the magnitudes are random in this paper. Signals from all the selected antennas are finally superimposed in phase at the target user so that the maximum likelihood demodulation can be directly implemented. The RAS makes the channel for an eavesdropper change fast and randomly to prevent the eavesdropper from demodulating the signals. Simulation results show that the target user's bit error rate of RAS is lower with less transmission power than the traditional method of using random weighting coefficients, while the eavesdropper cannot correctly demodulate and hence the low probability of interception is achieved.
GUI Design for Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Controller Based on Qt

In order to meet the requirements of electro-hydraulic proportional controller interface in embedded system, a GUI design method based on Qt Embedded is developed in this paper. Furthermore, the vital techniques, including installation, design, are analyzed in detail. This GUI system is employed in the embedded electro-hydraulic proportional controller. It shows the graphical user interface is friendly with stable performance.
An Offset Reduction Technique for Latch Type Sense Amplifier in High Performance and High Density SRAM

A new technique for reducing the offset of latch-type sense amplifier has been proposed and effect of enable signal voltage upon latch-type sense amplifier offset in SRAM has been investigated in this paper. Circuit simulation results on both StrongARM and Double-tail topologies show that the standard deviation of offset can be reduced by 31.23% (StrongARM SA) and 25.2% (Double-tail SA) , respectively, when the voltage of enable signal reaches 0.6V in TSMC 65nm CMOS technology. For a column of bit-cell (1024 bit-cell), the total speed is improved by 14.98% (StrongARAM SA) and 22.26% (Double-tail SA) at the optimal operation point separately, and the total energy dissipation is reduced by 30.45% and 29.47% with this scheme.
Development of a Virtual Reality Structural Analysis System

This paper discusses the development of virtual structural analysis program (VSAP). This is a virtual environment (VE) based structural analysis system developed through a collaborative effort between the School of Architecture + Design and the Department of Computer Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ. (Virginia Tech). The VSAP was developed by linking a visualization routine using the simple VE library and a structural analysis software, the PC-SAP4. Details of the design of four user interfaces for the VSAP are presented. These user interfaces are: the immersive pen and tablet interface, the desktop interface, the portable immersive interface, and the cave automatic VE immersive interface. Usability studies for each interface were conducted. Results of these studies indicated that the users of VSAP were highly satisfied with the experience. In addition, all the developed interfaces were found to be successful for their specific application.
3D X-Ray Based BGA Solder Joints Inspection Algorithm

In order to improve the precision of BGA solder joints inspection, the cross-section images of BGA solder joints are analyzed based on the 3D X-ray technology. The BGA solder joints or the BGA ball and background is segmented. The features of BGA solder joints defects and decision rules are extracted. And then inspection algorithms in vertical and horizontal cross section are presented. The defects of short circuit, shift, lacking solder, void, warpage and broken circuit can be inspected by the proposed algorithm.
Spring-to-Spring Balancing as Energy-Free Adjustment Method in Gravity Equilibrators

Generally, adjustment of gravity equilibrators to a new payload requires energy, e.g., to increase the preload of the balancing spring. A novel way of energy-free adjustment of gravity equilibrators is possible by introducing the concept of a storage spring. The storage spring supplies or stores the energy necessary to adjust the balancer spring of the gravity equilibrator. In essence, the storage spring mechanism maintains a constant potential energy within the spring mechanism; energy is exchanged between the storage and the balancer spring when needed. Various conceptual designs using both zero-free-length springs and regular extension springs are proposed. Two models were manufactured demonstrating the practical embodiments and functionality.
An innovative ultra-capacitor driven shape memory alloy actuator with an embedded control system

In this paper, an innovative ultra-capacitor driven shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator with an embedded control system is proposed targeting high power high-duty cycle SMA applications. The ultra-capacitor, which is capable of delivering massive amounts of instantaneous current in a compact dimension for high power applications, is chosen as the main component of the power supply. A specialized embedded system is designed from the ground up to control the ultra-capacitor driven SMA system. The control of the ultra-capacitor driven SMA is different from that of a regular constant voltage powered SMA system in that the energy and the voltage of the ultra-capacitor decrease as the system load increases. The embedded control system is also different from a computer-based control system in that it has limited computational power, and the control algorithm has to be designed to be simple while effective so that it can fit into the embedded system environment. The problem of a variable voltage power source induced by the use of the ultra-capacitor is solved by using a fuzzy PID (proportional integral and derivative) control. The method of using an ultra-capacitor to drive SMA actuators enabled SMA as a good candidate for high power high-duty cycle applications. The proposed embedded control system provides a good and ready-to-use solution for SMA high power applications.