Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Arthroscopic Cam Resection Normalizes Contact Stresses in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is increasingly recognized as a cause of hip pain in young adults. The condition leads to chondrolabral separation and chondral delamination and eventually predisposes to osteoarthritis of the hip. FAI that inflicts cartilage damage has been observed in hips with abnormal morphological characteristics and is related to a long-term evolution toward osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic surgery, which allows for correction of morphological characteristics and restores impingement-free motions, is the current standard of treatment. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic cam resection can restore the normal mechanical environment of the hip joint in cam-type FAI. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Patient-specific discrete element models from 10 patients with cam-type FAI (all male; age, 18-40 years) were defined based on preoperative computed tomography scans and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Complete cam resection postoperatively on MRI was confirmed with alpha angles <55°. The preoperative and postoperative peak contact stress findings during impingement testing were compared against a matched control group. Results: Peak contact stress was significantly elevated in patients with cam-type FAI during impingement testing, with increasing amounts of internal hip rotation (26.6 ± 11.64 MPa in cam patients preoperatively, 12.1 ± 4.62 MPa in those same patients postoperatively, and 11.4 ± 1.72 MPa in the virtual control group during impingement testing at 20° of internal hip rotation; P < .01). This effect was normalized after arthroscopic cam resection and loading patterns matched those of the control group. Conclusion: Accurate arthroscopic cam resection restored the normal peak joint contact stresses in the hip joint. This highlights the importance of early and complete cam resections in the face of a positive diagnosis of cam-type FAI. Clinical Relevance: Treatment of cam-type FAI effectively normalizes hip joint contact mechanics.
Physiological Measurements of Situation Awareness: A Systematic Review

Objective The goal of this systematic literature review is to investigate the relationship between indirect physiological measurements and direct measures of situation awareness (SA). Background Across different environments and tasks, assessments of SA are often performed using techniques designed specifically to directly measure SA, such as SAGAT, SPAM, and/or SART. However, research suggests that indirect physiological sensing methods may also be capable of predicting SA. Currently, it is unclear which particular physiological approaches are sensitive to changes in SA. Method Seven databases were searched using the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Eligibility criteria included human-subject experiments that used at least one direct SA assessment technique, as well as at least one physiological measurement. Information extracted from each article was the physiological metric(s), the direct SA measurement(s), the correlation between these two metrics, and the experimental task(s). All studies underwent a quality assessment. Results Twenty-five articles were included in this review. Eye tracking techniques were the most commonly used physiological measures, and correlations between conscious aspects of eye movement measures and direct SA scores were observed. Evidence for cardiovascular predictors of SA were mixed. EEG studies were too few to form strong conclusions, but were consistently positive. Conclusion Further investigation is needed to methodically collect more relevant data and comprehensively model the relationships between a wider range of physiological measurements and direct assessments of SA. Application This review will guide researchers and practitioners in methods to indirectly assess SA with sensors and highlight opportunities for future research on wearables and SA.
Complete chloroplast genomes of three important species, Abelmoschus moschatus, A. manihot and A. sagittifolius: Genome structures, mutational hotspots, comparative and phylogenetic analysis in Malvaceae

Abelmoschus is an economically and phylogenetically valuable genus in the family Malvaceae. Owing to coexistence of wild and cultivated form and interspecific hybridization, this genus is controversial in systematics and taxonomy and requires detailed investigation. Here, we present whole chloroplast genome sequences and annotation of three important species: A. moschatus, A. manihot and A. sagittifolius, and compared with A. esculentus published previously. These chloroplast genome sequences ranged from 163121 bp to 163453 bp in length and contained 132 genes with 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Comparative analyses revealed that amino acid frequency and codon usage had similarity among four species, while the number of repeat sequences in A. esculentus were much lower than other three species. Six categories of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, but A. moschatus and A. manihot did not contain hexanucleotide SSRs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of A/T, T/A and C/T were the largest number type, and the ratio of transition to transversion was from 0.37 to 0.55. Abelmoschus species showed relatively independent inverted-repeats (IR) boundary traits with different boundary genes compared with the other related Malvaceae species. The intergenic spacer regions had more polymorphic than protein-coding regions and intronic regions, and thirty mutational hotpots (≥200 bp) were identified in Abelmoschus, such as start-psbA, atpB-rbcL, petD-exon2-rpoA, clpP-intron1 and clpP-exon2.These mutational hotpots could be used as polymorphic markers to resolve taxonomic discrepancies and biogeographical origin in genus Abelmoschus. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of 33 Malvaceae species indicated that they were well divided into six subfamilies, and genus Abelmoschus was a well-supported clade within genus Hibiscus.
Risk stratification in cardiomyopathy

Prognostic stratification of cardiomyopathies represents a cornerstone for the appropriate management of patients and is focused mainly on arrhythmic events and heart failure. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides additional prognostic information, particularly in the setting of heart failure. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing data, integrated in scores such as the Metabolism Exercise Cardiac Kidney Index score have been shown to improve the risk stratification of these patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing has been analysed as a potential supplier of prognostic parameters in the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, for which it has been shown that a reduced oxygen consumption peak, an increased ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope and chronotropic incompetence correlate with a worse prognosis. To a lesser extent, in dilated cardiomyopathy, it has been shown that the percentage of oxygen consumption peak, not the pure value, and the ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope are associated with a greater cardiovascular risk. Few data are available about other cardiomyopathies (arrhythmogenic and restrictive). Cardiomyopathy patients should be early and routinely referred to heart failure advanced centres in order to perform a comprehensive risk stratification which should include a cardiopulmonary exercise test, with variables and cut-offs shown to improve their risk stratification.
Nanoconstructs as a versatile tool for detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer biomarkers

The current review focuses towards the advancements made in the past decade in the field of nanotechnology for the early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis. This review includes the application of nanomaterials and nanosensors for the early detection of the main AD biomarkers (amyloid beta, phosphorylated tau, apolipoprotein E4 allele or APOE4, microRNAs, cholesterol, hydrogen peroxide etc) in biological fluids, to detect the biomarkers at a very low concentration ranging in pico, femto and even atto molar concentrations. The field of drug development has always aimed and is constantly working on developing disease modifying drugs, but these drugs will only succeed when given in the early disease stages. Thus, developing efficient diagnostic tools is of vital importance. Various nanomaterials such as liposomes; dendrimers; polymeric nanoparticles; coordination polymers; inorganic nanoparticles such as silica, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, super paramagnetic iron oxides; quantum dots, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and carbon based nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanofibres, nanodiamonds, carbon dots); Up-conversion nanoparticles; 2D nanomaterials; and radioactive nanoprobes have been used in constructing and improving efficiency of nano-sensors for AD biosensing at an early stage of diagnosis.
Outplant Evaluation of Container Red Alder Grown with Bonzi ® Plant Growth Regulator

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings are challenging to grow due to their tendency to reach excessive heights in nursery culture. We evaluated several Bonzi® (paclobutrazol) plant growth regulator frequency by rate applications on large plug seedlings (15 in3 [250 ml]) then compared the best treatment (three applications of 25 ppm Bonzi®) with our standard Plug+1/2 stocktype at two outplant sites. We also evaluated all nursery treatments, including non-treated plugs, at a garden plot. Large plugs, even without treatment, broke bud several days earlier than P+1/2s and this effect increased with increasing Bonzi® intensity. The P+1/2s had greater height and stem diameter growth at one location and greater height growth at the other. Survival did not differ between stocktypes. The nursery grower can use Bonzi® to produce a balanced plug that is easier to frost protect in the nursery and less susceptible to mechanical damage, with overall higher average nursery packout (yield). This study shows, however, that reducing treatment intensity may lead to better outplant success. This paper was presented at the Joint Annual Meeting of the Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association and the Intermountain Container Seedling Growers Association (Coeur d’Alene, ID, October 25-26, 2018).
Plasma and urine metabolomic analyses in aortic valve stenosis reveal shared and biofluid-specific changes in metabolite levels

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a prevalent condition among the elderly population that eventually requires aortic valve replacement. The lack of reliable biomarkers for AVS poses a challenge for its early diagnosis and the application of preventive measures. Untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics was applied in 46 AVS cases and 46 controls to identify plasma and urine metabolites underlying AVS risk. Multivariate data analyses were performed on pre-processed data (e.g. spectral peak alignment), in order to detect changes in metabolite levels in AVS patients and to evaluate their performance in group separation and sensitivity of AVS prediction, followed by regression analyses to test for their association with AVS. Through untargeted analysis of 190 urine and 130 plasma features that could be detected and quantified in the GC-MS spectra, we identified contrasting levels of 22 urine and 21 plasma features between AVS patients and control subjects. Following metabolite assignment, we observed significant changes in the concentration of known metabolites in urine (n = 14) and plasma (n = 15) that distinguish the metabolomic profiles of AVS patients from healthy controls. Associations with AVS were replicated in both plasma and urine for about half of these metabolites. Among these, 2-Oxovaleric acid, elaidic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, estrone, myo-inositol showed contrasting trends of regulation in the two biofluids. Only trans-Aconitic acid and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol showed consistent patterns of regulation in both plasma and urine. These results illustrate the power of metabolomics in identifying potential disease-associated biomarkers and provide a foundation for further studies towards early diagnostic applications in severe heart conditions that may prevent surgery in the elderly.
Lassa hemorrhagic shock syndrome‐on‐a‐chip

Lack of experimental human models hinders research on Lassa hemorrhagic fever and the development of treatment strategies. Here, we report the first chip‐based model for Lassa hemorrhagic syndrome. The chip features a microvessel interfacing collagen network as a simple mimic for extracellular matrix, allowing for quantitative and real‐time vascular integrity assessment. Luminal infusion of Lassa virus‐like particles led to a dramatic increase in vascular permeability in a viral load‐dependent manner. Using this platform, we showed that Fibrin‐derived peptide FX06 can be used to suppress the vascular integrity loss. This simple chip‐based model proved promising in the assessment of disease severity and provides an easy‐to‐use platform for future investigation of Lassa pathogenesis and drug development in a human‐like setting.
Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States: Committee on Assessment of the Department of Energy's Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program: Evaluating Methane Hydrate as a Future Energy Resource

Natural gas, composed mostly of methane, is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels, emitting 25-50% less carbon dioxide than either oil or coal for each unit of energy produced. In recent years, natural gas supplied approximately 20-25% of all energy consumed in the United States. Methane hydrate is a potentially enormous and as yet untapped source of methane. The Department of Energy's Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program has been tasked since 2000 to implement and coordinate a national methane hydrate research effort to stimulate the development of knowledge and technology necessary for commercial production of methane from methane hydrate in a safe and environmentally responsible way. Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States evaluates the program's research projects and management processes since its congressional re-authorization in 2005, and presents recommendations for its future research and development initiatives.
Melanoma Risk is Increased in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides Compared with Patients with Psoriasis and the General Population

Patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) are thought to be at increased risk of melanoma. However, studies addressing surveillance-bias and treatments as a possible confounder are lacking. This retrospective study compared the prevalence and risk of melanoma between 982 patients with MF, and 3,165 patients with psoriasis attending tertiary cutaneous-lymphoma/psoriasis clinics during 2009 to 2018. Melanoma was diagnosed in 47 patients with MF (4.8%; 43 early stage) and in 23 patients with psoriasis (0.7%) (odds ratio 6.6, p < 0.0001). In 60% of patients, MF/psoriasis preceded melanoma diagnosis. Hazard ratio (HR) for a subsequent melanoma in MF vs psoriasis was 6.3 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.4–11.7, p < 0.0001). Compared with the general population, melanoma standardized incidence ratios were 17.5 in patients with MF (95% CI 11.0–23.9, p < 0.0001), and 2.2 (95% CI 0.6–3.8, p = 0.148) in patients with psoriasis. Narrow-band ultraviolet B was not a contributory factor (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.62–2.14, p = 0.66). These findings add evidence that patients with MF have a significantly higher risk of melanoma, not only compared with the general population, but also compared with patients with psoriasis. This comorbidity may be inherent to MF.
Rapid assessment of breast tumor margins using deep ultraviolet fluorescence scanning microscopy

Abstract. Significance: Re-excision rates for women with invasive breast cancer undergoing breast conserving surgery (or lumpectomy) have decreased in the past decade but remain substantial. This is mainly due to the inability to assess the entire surface of an excised lumpectomy specimen efficiently and accurately during surgery. Aim: The goal of this study was to develop a deep-ultraviolet scanning fluorescence microscope (DUV-FSM) that can be used to accurately and rapidly detect cancer cells on the surface of excised breast tissue. Approach: A DUV-FSM was used to image the surfaces of 47 (31 malignant and 16 normal/benign) fresh breast tissue samples stained in propidium iodide and eosin Y solutions. A set of fluorescence images were obtained from each sample using low magnification (4 × ) and fully automated scanning. The images were stitched to form a color image. Three nonmedical evaluators were trained to interpret and assess the fluorescence images. Nuclear–cytoplasm ratio (N/C) was calculated and used for tissue classification. Results: DUV-FSM images a breast sample with subcellular resolution at a speed of 1.0 min / cm2. Fluorescence images show excellent visual contrast in color, tissue texture, cell density, and shape between invasive carcinomas and their normal counterparts. Visual interpretation of fluorescence images by nonmedical evaluators was able to distinguish invasive carcinoma from normal samples with high sensitivity (97.62%) and specificity (92.86%). Using N/C alone was able to differentiate patch-level invasive carcinoma from normal breast tissues with reasonable sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (78.5%). Conclusions: DUV-FSM achieved a good balance between imaging speed and spatial resolution with excellent contrast, which allows either visual or quantitative detection of invasive cancer cells on the surfaces of a breast surgical specimen.
Bone Involvement in Young Lupus Patients

Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients (JoSLE) are prone to have bone impairment [1]. This deterioration has already been characterized by reduction in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) which is evaluated with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is the most common instrument used in daily clinical practice [2], and, also by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) [3]. All this commitment is particularly important in children and young adults because reduction in bone mass can lead to a consequent suboptimal accrual of peak bone mass and, consequently a higher frequency of fractures in childhood and in adult life [4]. Many risk factors which have been suggested to be linked to bone impairment such as sex, race, inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D deficiency, renal failure and glucocorticoid use [5]. In fact, the recent published article titled “Risk factors for bone loss in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study” was the first longitudinal study which was evaluated prospectively in a 3 to 5-year follow-up which of these risk factors were related to bone loss in a group of young lupus patients [6]. Surprisingly, we identified that the alcohol consumption was related to bone mass even in young patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Moreover, inadequate calcium intake was also associated to bone loss suggesting the importance to review lifestyle habits in our routine consultation of adolescent and young adults with SLE. Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for fractures in post-menopausal and elderly individuals and our data showed its importance in young subjects. The ethanol action in bone is multifactorial, notably, it inhibits the growth of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow and the transformation into osteoblasts [7]. Despite the importance of an adequate calcium intake has been demonstrated in several studies before and that is critical for the achievement of an adequate peak of bone mass in young persons, our recent article reinforces that calcium intake, either by diet or supplementation, is fundamental to prevent bone loss in JoSLE [8]. Bone deterioration in autoimmune diseases have been classically linked to the immunosuppressive treatment, particularly glucocorticoids (GC) use and its long-term exposure. Although we did not find a statistical significance regarding this treatment in these young patients (average disease duration:5y and maximum GC dose:17g). These differences may be related to population characteristics, such as patient age, disease features, and treatment strategy. And, also raises the question that other disease related factors may play a role in bone health.
Journal of Critical Scholarship on Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Higher Education and Student Affairs Affairs

— Abstract — To meet the needs of the evolving student demographics that has seen a 300% increase in URM college going rates, higher education institutions began developing the Chief Diversity Officer (CDO) position to govern and lead their mission as it relates to diversity, equity, and inclusion. More than 60 colleges have created a CDO position over the last 20 yeas with many more heading in that direction. However, because CDOs are relatively novel in the higher education space, the leading authority of diversity officer research, the National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education (NADOHE), developed a set of guidelines to serve as a source of consistency for diversity officers. Although these guidelines have been very useful, we suggest that when viewed through a Critical Race Theory lens, the guidelines are laden in passive and color evasive language, supports slow-moving incremental change, and is absent of language associated with racism, sexism, gender bias, homo- & transphobia, ableism, and xenophobia among other discriminatory practices. Thus, in this conceptual critique, we report on how we use CRT to critique and identify improvements for the Twelve Standards of Professional Practice for CDOs.
Parametric resonance of Josephson plasma waves: A theory for optically amplified interlayer superconductivity in ${\rm YBa}_{2}{\rm Cu}_{3}{\rm O}_{6+x}$

Nonlinear interactions between collective modes play a definitive role in far out of equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated electron systems. Understanding and utilizing these interactions is crucial to photocontrol of quantum many-body states. One of the most surprising examples of strong mode coupling is the interaction between apical oxygen phonons and Josephson plasmons in bilayer YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductors. Experiments by Hu et al. [Nat. Mater. 13, 705 (2014)] and Kaiser et al. [Phys. Rev. B 89, 184516 (2014)] showed that below Tc, photoexcitation of phonons leads to enhancement and frequency shifts of Josephson plasmon edges, while above Tc, photoexcited phonons induce plasmon edges even when there are no discernible features in the equilibrium reflectivity spectrum. Recent experiments by von Hoegen et al. (arXiv:1911.08284) also observed parametric generation of Josephson plasmons from photoexcited phonons both below Tc and in the pseudogap phase. In this paper, we present a theoretical model of three-wave phonon-plasmon interaction arising from changes of the in-plane superfluid stiffness caused by the apical oxygen motion. Analysis of the parametric instability of plasmons based on this model gives frequencies of the most unstable plasmons that are in agreement with experimental observations. We also discuss how strong parametric excitation of Josephson plasmons can explain pump-induced changes in the terahertz reflectivity of YBa2Cu3O6+x in the superconducting state, including frequency shifts and sharpening of Josephson plasmon edges, as well as appearance of a new peak around 2 THz. An interesting feature of this model is that overdamped Josephson plasmons do not give any discernible features in reflectivity in equilibrium, but can develop plasmon edges when parametrically excited. We suggest that this mechanism explains photoinduced plasmon edges in the pseudogap phase of YBa2Cu3O6+x.