Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Plant Extracts as Safe Control Means against Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases in Faba Bean Plants

Faba bean root rot caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important biotic stresses in the major growing areas in Egypt. In this study, aqueous extracts and organic solvent extracts of three wild medicinal plants (Lawsonia inermis, Eugenia jambolana and Moringa oleifera) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for protection of faba bean plants against damping-off and root rot diseases. Under laboratory conditions, all aqueous and organic solvent extracts significantly suppressed linear growth of F. solani and R. solani. E. jambolana extracts recorded the highest inhibition to the linear growth of both pathogenic tested fungi. Also, organic solvent extracts were more active than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all tested extracts significantly reduced damping-off and root rot incidence as well as increased some crop parameters in the field compared with untreated control. Faba bean seeds treated with E. jambolana extracts gave the highest protection against damping-off and root rot as well as recorded the highest crop components compared to the other extracts. In physiological studies, activity of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as content of phenolic compounds were increased in plants treated with aqueous or organic solvent extracts grown in soil infested with any of F. solani and R. solani, compared with untreated plants (control). In general, E. jambolana extracts recorded the highest increase in the activity of all enzymes as well as the content of total phenolic compounds. The organic solvent extracts increased the activity of all assessed enzymes and total phenolic compounds more than aqueous extracts of all tested plants. These results suggested that aqueous and organic solvent extracts may play an important role for controlling faba bean damping-off and root rot diseases.
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries

One of the exciting technologies used to meet the increasing demand for wireless communication services is a smart antenna. A smart antenna is basically confirmed by an array of antennas and a digital beamformer unit through which cellular base station can direct the beam toward the desired user and set nulls toward interfering users. In this paper, different array configurations (linear, circular, and planer) with the REDS algorithm are implemented in the digital beam-forming unit. The wireless system performance is investigated to check the smart antenna potentials assuming Rayleigh fading channel environment beside the AWGN channel. Results show how the REDS algorithm offers a significant improvement through antenna radiation pattern optimization, sidelobe level, and interference reduction, and also the RDES algorithm proves fast convergence with minimum MSE and better sidelobe level reduction comparing with other algorithms.
NET NEUTRALITY ANALYSIS AND MECHANISMS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT

Internet’s widespread use is mainly attributable to its best-effort concept, as well as being open to all users and services. The principle of net neutrality has been introduced, in essence, to safeguard this concept. Still, net neutrality faces contemporary challenges in the Western world by being continuously disputed or tested. In the United States related regulation has been reversed, while European stakeholders manage to balance and preserve net neutrality’s importance. In that direction, the Macedonian regulation has been mostly in-line with that of the European Union. Even so, challenges grow as Internet service providers find various ways to impose Internet traffic differentia- tion. QoS measurement tools for net neutrality assessment are therefore of great importance, but shortcomings exist. This paper gives the argument that passive measurement tools are more robust in detecting any differentiation. Finally, a proposed model for passively measuring the crucial metric – data throughput – may prove to become better deployable than existing tools, with the goal of general net neutrality assessment.
M.Houston Interuterine Conterception: A Review of Barriers for Canadian Women

Introduction In Canada, there is a wide variety of highly effective contraception available. Despite this, scholars estimate that one-third of pregnancies in Canada are unintended(1). Data from the most recent contraception consensus reports that 35% of women who are not trying to conceive, inconsistently, or never use contraception (2). The bulk of unintended pregnancies belong to "at-risk" women. These women are young, tend to have a lower income, limited education and support, and often belong to a minority group (1,3,4). The rates of induced abortion among young Canadian women have remained relatively unchanged since the 1980s (5). Statistics indicate that women under age 30 account for a majority of induced abortions in the country (6). Unplanned pregnancies not only inflict physical, emotional and financial stress on a woman, but they may completely disrupt her life plans, especially if she is young. Unintended pregnancy also results in a financial burden on the healthcare and social service system. We need to focus our efforts on improving the consistent use of contraception to avoid Abstract
AN OVERVIEW ON PHYTOSOME AS A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HERBAL DRUGS

In the recent era of enhancement of solubility of the pharmaceutical formulations several problems are encountered. The bioavailability and absorption of water soluble phytoconstituents is erratic due to poor solubility of these constituents in gastrointestinal tract. This can be overcome by a novel delivery system known as phytosome technology in which water soluble phytoconstituents are allowed to react with phospholipids. For better and improved bioavailability, natural phytoconstituents must have a good balance between hydrophilicity which helps in dissolution in gastro-intestinal fluids and hydrophobicity which helps to cross lipid rich cell membranes can be achieved through phytosome technology. Phytosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phytoconstituents of herbs surround and bound by phospholipids. This phyto-phospholipid complex resembles a little cell which exhibit better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile than the conventional herbal extract resulting in better bioavailability. Most of the bioactive constituents of phytomedicines are water-soluble compounds like flavonoids, glycosides; terpenoids in which flavonoids are a major class of bioactive compounds possesses broad therapeutic activities.
Determinants of Smallholder Commercialization of Tomato Crop in Siltie Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The productivity of agricultural resources was very low; especially in the developing world where production is common on fragile lands and characterized by small-scale subsistence farming. Commercialization of agriculture provides farm households with a means to alleviate poverty and food insecurity by generating incomes in the rural areas. This paper aims to identify factors affecting commercialization of tomato crop by smallholder farmers in Siltie Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Both structured and unstructured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion were used to collect data from 175 respondents randomly selected from designated locations in the study area. Descriptive statistics and heckman two stage models were used to analyze the collected data. According to first stage Heckman selection estimation (probit regression) model result, Education, frequency of extension contact, distance to market, market agreement and lagged price played a significant role in smallholder commercialization decision. In the second-stage of Heckman selection estimation family size, education, land allocated for tomato production, frequency of agricultural extension contact, distance to nearest market, productivity, lagged price and inverse mill’s ratio were significantly affect level of tomato commercialization. Thus, the study recommends the need for designing appropriate intervention mechanisms focusing on the abovementioned factors so as to improve the performance of tomato crop commercialization.
Archaeological and Anthropological Investigation in Case of Urgent Time Constraints of Rescue Archaeology in South Korea

In the general context of rescue archaeology or in any emergency salvage operation, especially where human bones are involved that need to be cremated within a short time frame, anthropologists cannot conduct their work carefully at a university or institute lab. Thus, they have sought ever-more efficient and effective investigative protocols by which work can be conducted in cases of urgent time constraints. A recent anthropological survey conducted at a small town in South Korea (Goryeung) is thus significant. A joint team of anthropologists and dress historians performed collaborative research work in a “field lab” set up at the excavation site. Our novel protocol, by which academic data demonstrably can be successfully secured in the field instead of having to be sent to a university or institute lab, could be useful for the purposes of rescue archaeology.
On the Applicability of Chitosan Oligomers-Amino Acid Conjugate Complexes as Eco-Friendly Fungicides against Grapevine Trunk Pathogens

In a context in which the incidence and severity of grapevine fungal diseases is increasing as a result of both climate change and modern management culture practices, reducing the excessive use of phytosanitary products in viticulture represents a major challenge. Specifically, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by several complexes of wood decay or xylem-inhabiting fungi, pose a major challenge to vineyard sustainability. In this study, the efficacy of chitosan oligomers (COS)–amino acid conjugate complexes against three fungal species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family (Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Botryosphaeria dothidea) was investigated both in vitro and in planta. In vitro tests led to EC50 and EC90 effective concentrations in the 254.6−448.5 and 672.1−1498.5 µg·mL−1 range, respectively, depending on the amino acid involved in the conjugate complex (viz. cysteine, glycine, proline or tyrosine) and on the pathogen assayed. A synergistic effect between COS and the amino acids was observed against D. seriata and B. dothidea (synergy factors of up to 2.5 and 2.8, respectively, according to Wadley’s method). The formulations based on COS and on the conjugate complex that showed the best inhibition rates, COS−tyrosine, were further investigated in a greenhouse trial on grafted vines of two varieties (”Tempranillo” on 775P and “Garnacha” on 110R rootstock), artificially inoculated with the mentioned three Botryosphaeriaceae species. The in planta bioassay revealed that the chosen formulations induced a significant decrease in disease severity against N. parvum and B. dothidea. In summary, the reported conjugate complexes may be promising enough to be worthy of additional examination in larger field trials.
ENSILAGEM DE RESÍDUOS DE PALMITO DE PUPUNHA COMO OPÇÃO DE FORRAGEM PARA RUMINANTES

https://doi.org/10.17523/bia.2020. v77.e1491 Bol. Ind. Anim. , Nova Odessa, v. 77, 2020 ENSILAGEM DE RESÍDUOS DE PALMITO DE PUPUNHA COMO OPÇÃO DE FORRAGEM PARA RUMINANTES Resumo Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o resíduo de pupunha ensilada na alimentação de ruminantes como volumoso. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (resíduo de pupunha sem aditivos; resíduo de pupunha + resíduo de banana; resíduo de pupunha + resíduo de arroz e resíduo de pupunha + polpa cítrica), com quatro repetições. As variáveis estudadas foram: composição bromatológica, massa específica, pH, tamanho médio de partícula, temperatura de fermentação e perdas fermentativas. A digestibilidade aparente foi realizada com ovinos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, para avaliar os quatro tratamentos mencionados acima, usando cinco repetições. As silagens apresentaram valores adequados para matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro/carboidratos não fibrosos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a eficiência do uso de silagens de resíduo de pupunha como volumoso na alimentação de ruminantes, o que pode servir como ferramenta para a sustentabilidade da cadeia de produção de pupunha e animal nas regiões onde os negócios coexistem.
Sb@C coaxial nanotubes as a superior long-life and high-rate anode for sodium ion batteries

Antimony (Sb) is an attractive anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with a high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh g−1. However, its practical application is greatly hindered by the rapid capacity fading which is largely due to the large volume expansion during sodiation. Tuning the morphology and structure at the nanoscale or using carbonaceous materials as the buffer layer is essential to address this issue. Here, a facile carbon-coating coupled with a thermal-reduction strategy has been developed to synthesize unique Sb@C coaxial nanotubes. With different annealing time, the hollow space and the amount of Sb inside the tube can be easily tuned by the partial evaporation of Sb. The as-obtained Sb@C nanotubes exhibit excellent sodium storage properties. The remarkable electrochemical performance results from the unique coaxial nanoarchitecture. Specifically, it delivers a high specific capacity of 407 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 240 cycles. Furthermore, a stable capacity of 240 mAh g−1 can be retained at 1.0 A g−1 even after 2000 cycles. Most importantly, high capacities of 350 mAh g−1 and 310 mAh g−1 can be achieved at large current densities of 10 and 20 A g−1, respectively, which represents the best rate performance among the reported Sb-based anode materials.
Electric Vehicle Routing Problem in Urban Logistics

Due to the impact of global warming, diesel locomotives that use fossil energy as fuel are gradually being replaced by electric vehicles. At present, many countries at home and abroad are actively promoting the development of the electric vehicle industry in response to the call of the Paris Agreement. However, electric vehicles have a maximum mileage limit, so the reasonable layout of electric vehicle charging stations is also a problem to be solved today. In this article, the author analyzes the research background of the electric vehicle routing problem. After introducing several new research directions in the current electric vehicle routing problem, we propose an optimization algorithm for solving those types of problem. It brings certain theoretical significance for future generations to solve the problem of electric vehicle routing in real life.
Searching for Hysteresis

We search for hysteresis in aggregate post-WWII U.S. data. De ﬁ ning hysteresis as the presence of aggregate demand shocks with a permanent impact on real GDP, we identify such shocks based on Bayesian VARs via a combination of zero long-run restrictions and both short- and long-run sign restrictions. Our ﬁ ndings suggest that hysteresis e ﬀ ects have been virtually absent for the sample excluding the ﬁ nancial crisis and the Great Recession, and they only appear when including the period following the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Even then, these e ﬀ ects only account for at most 10 per cent of the long-run variance of GDP. We show via a DSGE model-based simulation analysis that there is a high probability of detecting hysteresis e ﬀ ects even when the data-generating process features none by construction. We account for this misspeci ﬁ cation issue with a Monte Carlo-based approach.
MONITORING MODEL OF LAND COVER CHANGE FOR THE INDICATION OF DEVEGETATION AND REVEGETATION USING SENTINEL-2

Information on land cover change is very important for various purposes, including the monitoring of changes for environmental sustainability. The objective of this study is to create a monitoring model of land cover change for the indication of devegetation and revegetation using data from Sentinel-2 from 2017 to 2018 of the Brantas watershed. This is one of the priority watersheds in Indonesia, so it is necessary to observe changes in its environment, including land cover change. Such change can be detected using remote sensing data. The method used is a hybrid between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) which aims to detect land changes with a focus on devegetation and revegetation by determining the threshold value for vegetation index (ΔNDVI) and open land index (ΔNBR). The study found that the best thresholds to detect revegetation were  NDVI > 0.0309 and NBR < 0.0176 and to detect devegetation  NDVI < 0.0206 and NBR > 0.0314. It is concluded that Sentinel-2 data can be used to monitor land changes indicating devegetation and revegetation with established NDVI and NBR threshold conditions.
Molecular Serotyping by Phylogenetic Analyses of a 1498bp Segment of the invA Gene of Salmonella

The current gold standard for Salmonella serotyping is costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming. However, proper identification is key to monitor Salmonella transmission and implementation of necessary control measures. The onset of advanced molecular techniques has lessened resource and labor requirements; however, it still remains complex, unestablished and plagued with insufficiencies. Hence, a simpler serotyping method with sufficient resolution is needed. In this study, the invA virulence gene, associated with Salmonella invasion into host cells and is considered as a marker for Salmonella detection, was amplified and sequenced among isolates from meat samples in Metro Manila, Philippines. This was followed by sequence alignments with reference sequences (Refseqs), oversaturation and model tests, phylogenetic tree analyses and signal detections. Unfortunately, alignment of a 229bp amplified and sequenced invA gene segment with Refseqs generated little to no base variations and consequently provided insufficient phylogenetic resolution for molecular serotyping (0 of the 17 serotypes tested). However, another segment of 1498bp, outside the amplified region, showed considerable base variation in alignment and consequently resolved a maximum of 13 out of 17 (76.47%) serotypes tested, all generate d trees considered. These suggest the potential of the invA virulence gene as a single-gene marker for molecular serotyping of Salmonella through phylogenetic analyses.
Ipsilateral fractures of both the proximal and distal humerus; the ‘floating arm injury’ in children

Proximal humerus fractures are usually associated with other injuries in and around the shoulder joint like clavicle fracture, acromion process fracture, coracoid process fracture, and dislocation of the shoulder joint or acromion-clavicular joint. Similarly, distal humerus fractures are normally associated with fractures of olecranon, radial head or dislocation of the elbow joint itself. However, simultaneous fracture of both the ends of humerus is rarely encountered. Literature search does reveal only a few cases of such type. This variety is also termed as floating arm. We are presenting here two cases of fracture of both the proximal and distal end of same humerus following fall from height, one of which the proximal humeral fracture was Gustillo-Anderson type II open fracture. The patient was managed by wound debridement and open reduction and fixation of the proximal fracture followed by closed manipulation and K wire fixation of the distal fracture. The second case was also managed by closed reduction and K wire fixation of both the fractures.
XXI ICTAM, 15–21 August 2004, Warsaw, Poland SINGLE PARTICLE MOTION IN COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS

Microrheology uses the motion of tracer particles to infer the properties of a surrounding medium. Most applications have limited themselves to examining motion due to thermal fluctuations, with minimal impact upon the structure of that medium. We investigate the forced motion of a particle through a colloidal suspension, which is affected by both the viscous drag and the force resulting from the microstructural deformation, and thus study the departure of the system from the linear viscoelastic regime.
Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic, Elastic, Vibration, Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of PtAsP Mixed Pyrite Phase

Theoretical investigation on the elastic constants, phonon frequencies, thermodynamic and the transport properties of PtAsP mixed cubic pyrite phase was performed using the ﬁrst-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The calculated equilibrium crystal parameter is in excellent agreement with experimental data. The derived bulk and shear moduli are much higher than other theoretical data, suggesting that PtAsP may be a highly incompressible material. The detailed analyses of the electronic structures showed that PtAsP is an indirect energy gap compound and is elastically and dynamically stable. By using the harmonic Debye model, some thermodynamic properties including vibration free energy and constant volume heat capacity were calculated. The evaluation of the transport properties showed that PtAsP is a p-type material with capacity for improved performance when its charge carrier concentration is between 1016 cm3 and 1018 cm3.
RESPONSE OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITY TO BIOTURBATION OF NEREID (PERINEREIS AIBUHITENSIS) IN INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT SEDIMENTS

Although numerous studies have reported the effects of the nereid polychaete bioturbation on sediments, its effects on soil microbial activity remain poorly understood. For this study, nereids (Perinereis aibuhitensis) were introduced to intertidal mudflat sediments in a laboratory experiment, and the resulting bioturbation effects on soil microbial activity dynamics were investigated via the Biolog ECO method. The results reveal high microbial utilization of carbohydrates, amino acids, and polymers, while the utilization of carboxylic acids, amines, and miscellaneous contents was low. After introducing nereids, the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal values did not significantly change; however, the sediment microbial activity and the carbon substrate utilization diversity increased significantly. Furthermore, in a specific sowing range, higher sowing density of nereids showed a higher enhancing effect on microbial activity and carbon substrate utilization diversity. Nereid bioturbation is therefore suggested to increase the microbial utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids, while it decreases the utilization of polymers.
Tinea Incognito due to Local Steroids Use

Address for correspondence: Allma Kocinaj*, UBTHigher Education Institution, Pristina, Kosovo. Email: allma.kocinaj@ubt-uni.net Abstract Tinea incognita is an uncommon dermatophytic infection of the skin resulting from corticosteroid abuse. Due to its tricky clinical feature it is often misdiagnosed with other dermatosis such as contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea. A 48 years old woman presented for dermatologic consultation with a one-and-a-halfmonth history of some disturbing lesions on her face. Patient was diagnosed and treated as contact dermatitis with local corticosteroids without any improvement for 3 weeks. After the clinical consultation at the dermatological unit and fungal culture confirmation; the diagnosis of tinea incognito was confirmed. The patient was treated for four weeks with oral and local antifungals and the lesions were completely healed. The aim of the case is to raise awareness among primary care physicians on the possible existence of mycotic infections and to be careful with the use of topical steroids.