Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal spatial view cells for memory and navigation, and their underlying connectivity in humans

Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus spatial view neurons in primates respond to the spatial location being looked at. The representation is allocentric, in that the responses are to locations “out there” in the world, and are relatively invariant with respect to retinal position, eye position, head direction, and the place where the individual is located. The underlying connectivity in humans is from ventromedial visual cortical regions to the parahippocampal scene area, leading to the theory that spatial view cells are formed by combinations of overlapping feature inputs self‐organized based on their closeness in space. Thus, although spatial view cells represent “where” for episodic memory and navigation, they are formed by ventral visual stream feature inputs in the parahippocampal gyrus in what is the parahippocampal scene area. A second “where” driver of spatial view cells are parietal inputs, which it is proposed provide the idiothetic update for spatial view cells, used for memory recall and navigation when the spatial view details are obscured. Inferior temporal object “what” inputs and orbitofrontal cortex reward inputs connect to the human hippocampal system, and in macaques can be associated in the hippocampus with spatial view cell “where” representations to implement episodic memory. Hippocampal spatial view cells also provide a basis for navigation to a series of viewed landmarks, with the orbitofrontal cortex reward inputs to the hippocampus providing the goals for navigation, which can then be implemented by hippocampal connectivity in humans to parietal cortex regions involved in visuomotor actions in space. The presence of foveate vision and the highly developed temporal lobe for object and scene processing in primates including humans provide a basis for hippocampal spatial view cells to be key to understanding episodic memory in the primate and human hippocampus, and the roles of this system in primate including human navigation.
Analytical solution to the three-dimensional head eit forward problem: Calculation and simulation with a 4-layer spherical volume conductor

A 4-layer concentric spherical model of human head was built to simulate the head EIT forward problem. The layers from outside to inside are scalp, skull, CFS (Cerebrospinal fluid) and brain tissue, respectively. A pair of point curren t sources placed on the outmost layer is regarded as the boundary condition, and an analytical method of separation of variables was employed to solve the problem. The electric potentials of different current injecting angles were calculated and the eq uipotential lines were drawn. The simulation results revealed that, the increment of the brain tissue conductivity causes decrease of the magnitude of both real and imaginary parts of the electric potential on the scalp. The frequency property of the model was simulated, when the exciting frequency was increased, the imaginary part of the electric potential increased significa ntly. These analytical solutions could be used to analyze the head EIT problems and check the numerical solutions calculated from FEM or BEM.
A Review of Smart Agriculture and Production Practices in Japanese Large-Scale Rice Farming.

Japanese farms currently occur on a small but expanding average physical scale and annual sales, in the decreasing and aging labor force, increasingly abandoned farmland, and massive access of corporations powerful in capital and management. The government has proposed to accelerate agricultural growth through adopting high-level smart technologies in large-scale farms, with series favorite policies and measures. This paper reviewed the connotations, characteristics, and technologies of smart agriculture in views of Japanese scholars, the practice of smart agriculture in Japan, followed by a case study on the smart rice production model "NoshoNavi1000. " The results showed that Japanese scholars have conducted in-depth and massive studies in smart agriculture, with regional characteristics in the orientations on labor-saving, precise management, disaster reduction, and inheriting traditional farming skills. The government's ambitious objective is supported by its all-round policy package, including project demonstration, supporting services, environmental improvement, education and training, and overseas outreaching. Closely combined with the planting structure of Japanese agriculture, rice production is an important sector for the R&D and application of smart farming in forms of either individual technologies or models. The policies and technologies have achieved benefits in saving labor and production costs, and improving the profit margin. Through years of on-farm application, the "NoshoNavi1000" has been developed to involve the major technological components of smart agriculture. It has contributed to improve the rice yield, production efficiency and profitability of large-scale farms, through real-time data collection, comprehensive and professional data mining, specific and practical feedbacks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Wave-Chaotic Approach To Predicting And Measuring Electromagnetic Field Quantities In Complicated Enclosures

Title of Document: A WAVE-CHAOTIC APPROACH TO PREDICTING AND MEASURING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD QUANTITIES IN COMPLICATED ENCLOSURES Sameer D. Hemmady, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Directed By: Dr. Steven M. Anlage ProfessorDept. of Physics Affiliate FacultyDept. of Electrical Engineering The coupling of short-wavelength electromagnetic waves into large complicated enclosures is of great interest in the field of electromagnetic compatibility engineering. The intent is to protect sensitive electronic devices housed within these enclosures from the detrimental effects of high-intensity external electromagnetic radiation penetrating into the enclosure (which acts as a resonant cavity) through various coupling channels (or ports). The Random Coupling Model introduced by Zheng, Antonsen and Ott is a stochastic model where the mechanism of the coupling process is quantified by the non-statistical “radiation impedance” of the coupling-port, and the field variations within the cavity are conjectured to be explained in a statistical sense through Random Matrix Theoryby assuming that the waves possess chaotic ray-dynamics within the cavity. The Random Coupling Model in conjunction with Random Matrix Theory thus makes explicit predictions for the statistical aspect (Probability Density Functions-PDFs) of the impedance, admittance and scattering fluctuations of waves within such wave-chaotic cavities. More importantly, these fluctuations are expected to be universal in that their statistical description depends only upon the value of a single dimensionless cavity loss-parameter. This universality in the impedance, admittance and scattering properties is not restricted to electromagnetic systems, but is equally applicable to analogous quantities in quantum-mechanical or acoustic systems, which also comprise of short-wavelength waves confined within complicated-shaped potential wells or acoustic-resonators. In this dissertation, I will experimentally show the validity of the “radiation impedance” to accurately quantify the port-coupling characteristics. I will experimentally prove the existence of these universal fluctuations in the impedance, admittance and scattering properties of quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional wave-chaotic systems driven by one-port or two-ports, and validate that their statistical nature is described through Random Matrix Theory. Finally, I will utilize the Random Coupling Model to formulate a prediction-algorithm to determine the shape and scales of induced voltages PDFs at specific points within complicated enclosures, such as computer boxes, when irradiated by high-intensity, shortwavelength electromagnetic energy. The insight gained from the experimental validation of the Random Coupling Model allows one to conceive of certain designguidelines for cavity-enclosures that are more resistant to attack from an external short-wavelength electromagnetic source. A WAVE-CHAOTIC APPROACH TO PREDICTING AND MEASURING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD QUANTITIES IN COMPLICATED ENCLOSURES
Patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran.

BACKGROUND Both zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis are endemic in different regions of Iran. It is important to know the type of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) for prevention strategies. On the other hand, Iran is one of the countries that was severely affected by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, little is known about the causative agents of CL during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. METHODS In this study, a total of 181 samples were isolated from patients with CL lesions in four different endemic cities of Iran (Jahrom, Juyom, Kashan and Shoushtar) during the COVID-19 pandemic (the summer and autumn of 2021). The nested-PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles was applied for species identification of the parasite and the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene was applied for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Molecular detection of kDNA minicircles revealed that all isolates from the four cities were Leishmania major, indicating the ZCL pattern. Ten isolates were sequenced by the ITS-1 gene and deposited in GenBank [accession numbers: OL627363-72]. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis displayed a high similarity rate of the isolates with sequences from other parts of Iran and Iraq. Over half of the patients (53.59%) had a single lesion, while 17.12, 14.92, 2.21 and 12.16% of cases had two, three, four and more than four lesions, respectively. About half of the patients (50.27%) had lesions on their hands, while the rest had lesions on multiple locations (19.34%), legs (16.58%), face (9.94%), ears (1.66%) and waist (2.21%). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the occurrence of ZCL during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran. Strategies for prevention and control of the disease should be considered to mitigate the occurrence of ZCL.
A randomized controlled study of two different fixations in anterior cervical discectomy of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background: To compare the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and hybrid fusion (ACDHF) with short-segment plate plus self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages versus traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with long-segment plate for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM). Methods: All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. 30 cases underwent ACDHF with short-segment plate and self-locking stand-alone cages (hybrid group), while the other 30 cases received ACDF with long-segment plate (control group). In patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, length of stay (LOS), visual analogue scale for neck pain (VASNP) scores, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the cervical lordosis before and after the operation (5 days, 3, 6, 12 months after operation and final follow-up) were evaluated. The postoperative complications were analyzed as well. Results: All operations were performed uneventfully with followed-up. Compared with ACDF, ACDHF showed a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage (p < 0.05). There were no significant difference in LOS between two groups (p ˃ 0.05). Both approaches significantly improved the JOA scores, VASNP scores and the cervical lordosis (p < 0.05). Based on Bazaz grading system, hybrid group had a lower incidence of dysphagia than control group in follow-up periods of 5 days, 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ACDF and ACDHF are both effective methods of restoring cervical lordosis following MCSM, but hybrid surgery minimizes intraoperative injury and postoperative dysphagia, making it a viable treatment option for the disorder.
Santalum Genus: phytochemical constituents, biological activities and health promoting-effects

Abstract Santalum genus belongs to the family of Santalaceae, widespread in India, Australia, Hawaii, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, and valued as traditional medicine, rituals and modern bioactivities. Sandalwood is reported to possess a plethora of bioactive compounds such as essential oil and its components (α-santalol and β-santalol), phenolic compounds and fatty acids. These bioactives play important role in contributing towards biological activities and health-promoting effects in humans. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown the role of sandalwood extract as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, neuroleptic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Safety studies on sandalwood essential oil (EO) and its extracts have proven them as a safe ingredient to be utilized in health promotion. Phytoconstituents, bioactivities and traditional uses established sandalwood as one of the innovative materials for application in the pharma, food, and biomedical industry.
Localized variation in ancestral admixture identifies pilocytic astrocytoma risk loci among Latino children

Background Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. PA has at least a 50% higher incidence in populations of European ancestry compared to other ancestral groups, which may be due in part to genetic differences. Methods We first compared the global proportions of European, African, and Amerindian ancestries in 301 PA cases and 1185 controls of self-identified Latino ethnicity from the California Biobank. We then conducted admixture mapping analysis to assess PA risk with local ancestry. Results We found PA cases had a significantly higher proportion of global European ancestry than controls (case median = 0.55, control median = 0.51, P value = 3.5x10-3). Admixture mapping identified 13 SNPs in the 6q14.3 region (SNX14) contributing to risk, as well as three other peaks approaching significance on chromosomes 7, 10 and 13. Downstream fine mapping in these regions revealed several SNPs potentially contributing to childhood PA risk. Conclusions There is a significant difference in genomic ancestry associated with Latino PA risk and several genomic loci potentially mediating this risk.
Neighborhood satisfaction and reproductive status

Both urban planners and urban scholars have been keenly interested in identifying the characteristics associated with neighborhood satisfaction. One robust but surprising pattern is that the presence or number of children in a household has no effect on neighborhood satisfaction. To clarify this pattern, we measured the neighborhood satisfaction of a representative sample of 1,000 Michigan adults, whom we divided into six distinct reproductive statuses: co-parents, single-parents, empty nesters, not-yet-parents, childless individuals, and childfree individuals. We found that a simple parent vs. non-parent dichotomy hides significant heterogeneity among these groups. Specifically, we found that single parents and childfree individuals experience significantly less neighborhood satisfaction than other groups. We conclude by reflecting on the methodological and practical implications of differences in neighborhood satisfaction when more nuanced reproductive statuses are considered.
Supplementary Control for Quantized Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems Under Goal Representation Heuristic Dynamic Programming

This article is concerned with supplementary control of discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple controllers in the framework of goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP), where a logarithmic quantizer is used to govern the network communication. For the addressed problem, a neural network (NN)-based observer is first proposed to estimate the unknown system state in the simultaneous presence of quantized influence. In light of the estimated states and the ideal control inputs via a zero-sum game, a GrHDP algorithm with a reinforced term is developed to implement the supplementary control task, where some novel weight updating rules are constructed by virtue of an additional tunable parameter to improve the system performance. Furthermore, a set of conditions about the stability of estimated error dynamics of both observer states and updated NNs’ weights are derived by resorting to the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is verified by a power system and a numerical experiment.
Subclinical Retinal Capillary Abnormalities in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus without Ocular Involvement

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to evaluate subclinical retinal microvascular changes with OCTA in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients without ocular involvement. Methods Ten eyes of 10 JSLE and 13 eyes of 13 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), FAZ parameters, the flow area of the outer retina, and choriocapillaris were evaluated using OCTA. Results All vessel density (VD) parameters in DCP were significantly lower in JSLE group compared to HCs. There was no significant difference between the groups in VD parameters of both SCP and ONH, FAZ, outer retina and choriocapillaris flow area. All DCP VD parameters showed a good ability to differentiate JSLE from HCs. Conclusion OCTA could detect retinal vascular impairment in the deep macular region in JSLE patients with normal ocular examination. Furthermore, all DCP VD parameters have a good ability to discriminate JSLE from HCs.
Ibuprofen Increases Markers of Intestinal Barrier Injury But Suppresses Inflammation at Rest and After Exercise in Hypoxia

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute ibuprofen consumption (2 × 600-mg doses) on markers of enterocyte injury, intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) distress at rest and after exercise in hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, nine men (age, 28 ± 3 yr; weight, 75.4 ± 10.5 kg; height, 175 ± 7 cm; body fat, 12.9% ± 5%; V̇O2peak at 440 torr, 3.11 ± 0.65 L·min−1) completed a total of three visits including baseline testing and two experimental trials (placebo and ibuprofen) in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 4300 m. Preexercise and postexercise blood samples were assayed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), ileal bile acid binding protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10. Intestinal permeability was assessed using a dual sugar absorption test (urine lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio). Results Resting I-FABP (906 ± 395 vs 1168 ± 581 pg·mL−1; P = 0.008) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (1512 ± 297 vs 1642 ± 313 ng·mL−1; P = 0.014) were elevated in the ibuprofen trial. Likewise, the urine lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio (0.217 vs 0.295; P = 0.047) and the preexercise to postexercise change in I-FABP (277 ± 308 vs 498 ± 479 pg·mL−1; P = 0.021) were greater in the ibuprofen trial. Participants also reported greater upper GI symptoms in the ibuprofen trial (P = 0.031). However, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.007) and TNF-α (P = 0.047) were lower throughout the ibuprofen trial compared with placebo (main effect of condition). Conclusions These data demonstrate that acute ibuprofen ingestion aggravates markers of enterocyte injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction at rest and after exercise in hypoxia. However, ibuprofen seems to suppress circulating markers of inflammation.
Aplikasi Principle Component Analysis (PCA) Untuk Mempercepat Proses Pendeteksian Obyek Pada Sebuah Image

Mendeteksi sebuah obyek pada sebuah image merupakan aplikasi umum dalam komputer vision. Alat-alat bantu keamanan sangat membutuhkan aplikasi komputer vision, terutama untuk diaplikasikan secara real time. Kendala utama yang sering digunakan adalah metode yang menghasilkan perhitungan yang akurat membutuhkan waktu proses yang cukup besar. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah metode pencocokan image yang cepat. Pencocokan image tanpa metode tertentu akan membutuhkan waktu semakin besar seiring dengan besarnya ukuran image yang dibandingkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh cara perbandingannya, yaitu setiap pixel dibandingkan satu per satu. PCA adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk memperkecil dimensi dari sekumpulan data. Dengan diaplikasikannya PCA pada proses pencocokan image, maka ukuran image yang besar bukan lagi menjadi faktor pembanding. PCA akan menghasilkan komponen-komponen pembanding baru, yang signifikan sebagai pembanding dan dalam jumlah yang jauh lebih sedikit. Dari hasil uji coba, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan data yang homogen, maka pencocokan dengan menggunakan PCA akan lebih akurat dibandingkan jika menggunakan data yang lebih bervariasi. Waktu pencocokan hanya terpaut sedikit karena ukuran image yang tidak terlalu besar. Jika ukuran image input semakin besar, maka waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk proses pencocokan juga akan semakin meningkat.
Star Classification Possibilities with BROAD-BAND Photometric Systems. I. The Sloan System

Synthetic color indices and interstellar reddening-free (J-parameters are calculated for the original Sloan photometric system using flux distribution functions of real stars and Kurucz model synthetic spectra as radiation sources. Various two-color and interstellar reddening-free Q, Q diagrams are analyzed. Some color indices of the system are good temperature indicators, however, they can be applied only for the unreddened stars or the reddening should be known. Temperatures and gravities of the reddened stars can be determined by using multidimensional space formed by several interstellar reddening-free Q-parameters. The accuracy of photometric classification is very different in various temperature and gravity ranges. When expressed in spectral classes, the classification accuracy in temperatures is from ± 1 to ±10 spectral subclasses and in gravities from ±0.1 to ±3.0 dex. The highest accuracy of spectral classes and gravities is for late B, late F, early G and all M subclasses. K e y words: methods: synthetic photometry stars: fundamental parameters, classification
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in real-world: a literature review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Knowing vaccine effectiveness (VE) against variants of concern (VOCs) in the real-world setting is essential for public health decision-making. A systematic landscape of the VE against a series of clinical outcomes caused by the VOCs in the real-world setting is needed. We systematically searched for studies that evaluated VE against VOCs in the real-world setting and collected individual data. We identified 113 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. We found full vaccination provided strong protection against each clinical outcome with summary VE ranging from 86.8% to 96.0% Alpha, moderate protection against infection caused by Beta, Gamma and Delta with summary VE ranging from 70.9% to 72.8%, strong protection against severe disease caused by Delta with summary VE ranging from 84.9% to 90.3%, limited protection with summary VE of 23.5% (95% CI, 17.0–29.5) against infection and moderate protection with summary VE ranging from 56.5% to 82.4% against severe diseases caused by Omicron. Booster vaccination can provide a substantial improvement in protection against Delta and Omicron, but not as much as the Delta. The meta-regression analysis showed that the VE against the Omicron wanned over time, and the VE against hospitalization declined relatively slowly, compared to against infection. Those findings supported the need for public health measures, increasing booster vaccination coverage in response to current and new infectious waves driven by variants and developing broadly protective vaccines to confront virus evolution.