Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous Downlink Massive MIMO Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) is recognized as a promising technology for the next generation of wireless networks because of its potential to increase the spectral efficiency. In initial studies of M-MIMO, the system has been considered to be perfectly synchronized throughout the entire cells. However, perfect synchronization may be hard to attain in practice. Therefore, we study a M-MIMO system whose cells are not synchronous to each other, while transmissions in a cell are still synchronous. We analyze an asynchronous downlink M-MIMO system in terms of the coverage probability and the ergodic rate by means of the stochastic geometry tool. For comparison, we also obtain results for the corresponding synchronous system. In addition, we investigate the effect of the uplink power control and the number of pilot symbols on the downlink ergodic rate, and we observe that there is an optimal value for the number of pilot symbols maximizing the downlink ergodic rate of a cell. Our results also indicate that, compared to the synchronous system, the downlink ergodic rate is more sensitive to the uplink power control in the asynchronous mode.
The association between dietary cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction – the benchmark dose estimation of reference levels: the ChinaCad study

The tolerable dietary intake of cadmium was recommended at provisional tolerable monthly intake of 25 μg kg−1 body weight. However, several studies indicated that this tolerable level should be re‐evaluated for sufficient health protection. In this study, we show the reference levels of dietary cadmium intake for renal dysfunction by using a benchmark dose (BMD) approach. A total of 790 subjects (302 men and 488 women) living in control and cadmium‐polluted areas were included. The dietary cadmium intake was estimated by a food survey. Blood cadmium, urinary cadmium and renal function markers (microalbuminuria, N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase [NAG] and its isoform B [NAGB], β2‐microglobulin and retinol binding protein) in urine were measured. We calculated the 95% lower confidence bounds of BMD (BMDLs) of cumulative cadmium intake. In control and two polluted areas, the median cumulative cadmium intake was 0.5, 2.1 and 11.1 g. The odds ratio of the intermediate (1.0–3.0 g), second highest (3.0–11.0 g) and the highest cumulative cadmium intake (>11.0 g) compared with the lowest cumulative cadmium intake (<1.0 g) were 2.8 (95% CI: 1.4–5.8), 8.1 (95% CI: 3.8–17.2) and 11.4 (95% CI: 6.5–26.4) for urinary NAG and 6.6 (95% CI: 3.2–13.8), 14.8 (95% CI: 6.8–32.2) and 22.5 (95% CI: 10.7–47.5) for urinary NAGB. The BMDLs of cumulative cadmium intake were 1.1–1.2 g (benchmark response [BMR] = 5%) for urinary NAG, and were 0.7–0.9 g (BMR = 5%) for urinary NAGB, and were 1.3–1.4 g (BMR = 5%) for urinary β2‐microglobulin. The BMDLs of cumulative cadmium intake in a Chinese population were lower than the critical standard previously reported. Further evaluations are needed for sufficient health protection.
A Framework for Secure Cloud Computing Based on Homomorphic Encryption

: Cloud computing is a paradigm in which services (Iaas, Paas, Saas) are leased to the user as per imposition. cloud computing entire data resides over a set of networked resources, this data can be accessed through virtual machines like mobiles PC etc. Cloud computing reduces hardware , maintenance and installation cost. But security is major issue that prevents users for cloud computing. When we relocate data to cloud we use standard encryption technique to secure the data. But when we have to do computations on data hoarded on cloud then we have to decode data i.e. provide private key every time which is not a secure method. In this paper we have proposed a technique that enhance two security features of the cloud. One is authenticity and another is data security. Normally we check authenticity by user name and password, but here we have added one more parameters i.e. MAC address. IP address is used get location of users . Data security is improved by applying homomorphic operations on DES algorithm to encrypt the data at server side. This modified DES algorithm proves to give better results than DES algorithm in terms of performance.
Flexible and structured survival model for a simultaneous estimation of non-linear and non-proportional effects and complex interactions between continuous variables: Performance of this multidimensional penalized spline approach in net survival trend analysis

Cancer survival trend analyses are essential to describe accurately the way medical practices impact patients’ survival according to the year of diagnosis. To this end, survival models should be able to account simultaneously for non-linear and non-proportional effects and for complex interactions between continuous variables. However, in the statistical literature, there is no consensus yet on how to build such models that should be flexible but still provide smooth estimates of survival. In this article, we tackle this challenge by smoothing the complex hypersurface (time since diagnosis, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, and mortality hazard) using a multidimensional penalized spline built from the tensor product of the marginal bases of time, age, and year. Considering this penalized survival model as a Poisson model, we assess the performance of this approach in estimating the net survival with a comprehensive simulation study that reflects simple and complex realistic survival trends. The bias was generally small and the root mean squared error was good and often similar to that of the true model that generated the data. This parametric approach offers many advantages and interesting prospects (such as forecasting) that make it an attractive and efficient tool for survival trend analyses.
Open Repair of Mycotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With Biological Grafts: An International Multicenter Study

Background The treatment of mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm requires surgery and antimicrobial therapy. Since prosthetic reconstructions carry a considerable risk of reinfection, biological grafts are noteworthy alternatives. The current study evaluated the durability, infection resistance, and midterm outcome of biological grafts in treatment of mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods and Results All patients treated with biological graft in 6 countries between 2006 and 2016 were included. Primary outcome measures were 30‐ and 90‐day survival, treatment‐related mortality, and reinfection rate. Secondary outcome measures were overall mortality and graft patency. Fifty‐six patients (46 males) with median age of 69 years (range 35–85) were included. Sixteen patients were immunocompromised (29%), 24 (43%) had concomitant infection, and 12 (21%) presented with rupture. Bacterial culture was isolated from 43 (77%). In‐situ aortic reconstruction was performed using autologous femoral veins in 30 patients (54%), xenopericardial tube‐grafts in 12 (21%), cryopreserved arterial/venous allografts in 9 (16%), and fresh arterial allografts in 5 (9%) patients. During a median follow‐up of 26 months (range 3 weeks–172 months) there were no reinfections and only 3 patients (5%) required assistance with graft patency. Thirty‐day survival was 95% (n=53) and 90‐day survival was 91% (n=51). Treatment‐related mortality was 9% (n=5). Kaplan–Meier estimation of survival at 1 year was 83% (95% confidence interval, 73%–94%) and at 5 years was 71% (52%–89%). Conclusions Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with biological grafts is a durable option for patients fit for surgery presenting an excellent infection resistance and good overall survival.
The Twin Conjugacy Search Problem and Applications

We propose a new computational problem over the noncommutative group, called the twin conjugacy search problem. This problem is related to the conjugacy search problem and can be used for almost all of the same cryptographic constructions that are based on the conjugacy search problem. However, our new problem is at least hard as the conjugacy search problem. Moreover, the twin conjugacy search problem have many applications. One of the most important applications, we propose a trapdoor test which can replace the function of the decision oracle. We also show other applications of the problem, including: a non-interactive key exchange protocol and a key exchange protocol, a new encryption scheme which is secure against chosen ciphertext attack, with a very simple and tight security proof and short ciphertexts, under a weak assumption, in the random oracle model.
Using Social Network Information in Bayesian Truth Discovery

We investigate the problem of truth discovery based on opinions from multiple agents who may be unreliable or biased. We consider the case where agents' reliabilities or biases are correlated if they belong to the same community, which defines a group of agents with similar opinions regarding a particular event. An agent can belong to different communities for different events, and these communities are unknown a priori. We incorporate knowledge of the agents' social network in our truth discovery framework and develop Laplace variational inference methods to estimate agents' reliabilities, communities, and the event states. We also develop a stochastic variational inference method to scale our model to large social networks. Simulations and experiments on real data suggest that when observations are sparse, our proposed methods perform better than several other inference methods, including majority voting, TruthFinder, AccuSim, the Confidence-Aware Truth Discovery method, the Bayesian Classifier Combination (BCC) method, and the Community BCC method.
Problems of data science in organizations: An explorative qualitative analysis of business professionals' concerns

In this exploratory study, we analyze 150 comments from 79 participants, the roles ranging from top management and other business professionals to software developers, to identify key problems of employing data science in organizations. The comments are retrieved from a publicly available LinkedIn discussion thread in which the participants are discussing the problems relating to data science implementation and management. We use qualitative coding to analyze the comments and find issues from several management-related categories, including (a) job descriptions and recruitment, (b) leadership, (c) economical aspects, and (d) clarity about data use and goals. The findings also highlight that ‘data scientist’ is not just a one role, but combination of many different roles, including analyst, scientist, programmer, and business person. The multiplicity of skills required hinders the recruitment of such individuals, and the existing organizational structures are not always compatible with the multidisciplinary nature of data scientists. We conclude with recommendations to address these issues.
RNA interference validation of detoxification genes involved in ivermectin tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

Previously, we observed increased transcription levels of specific cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes in human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus, following exposure to ivermectin using the non‐invasive induction assay, which resulted in tolerance. To confirm the roles of these genes in induction and tolerance, the robust genetic model insect Drosophila melanogaster was chosen. Orthologous genes corresponding to the body louse P450 (Cyp9f2, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9h1) and ABC transporter (Mrp1, GC1824 as an ABCB type and CG3327 as an ABCG type) genes were selected for in vivo bioassay. Following a brief treatment with a sublethal dose of ivermectin, the mortality response was significantly slower, indicating the presence of tolerance. Concurrently, the transcription levels of Cyp9f2 and Mrp1 at 3 h and those of Cyp6g2, Cyp9h1, Mrp1, CG1824 and CG3327 at 6 h post‐treatment were upregulated, indicating gene induction. In behavioural bioassay using GAL4/UAS–RNA interference transgenic fly lines, increased susceptibility to ivermectin was observed following heat shock in the Cyp9f2 , Cyp6g2 , Cyp9h1 , Mrp1 or CG3327‐knockdown flies. Considering that these five genes are orthologous to those which had the largest over‐expression level following ivermectin‐induced tolerance in the body louse, the current results suggest that they are also associated with ivermectin detoxification in D. melanogaster and that body lice and D. melanogaster are likely to share, in part, similar mechanisms of tolerance to ivermectin.
Early sign of microangiopathy in systemic sclerosis: The significance of cold stress test in dynamic laser Doppler flowmetry.

BACKGROUND Skin physiology measurement is receiving more attention for detecting vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a widely used physiological measurement to assess cutaneous microcirculation. However, findings of LDF may be subtle during early stage of microangiopathy in SSc. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that cold stress test combined with LDF could detect early-stage microangiopathy in patients with SSc. METHODS A 67-year-old male came with multiple ulcerations on his fingers for one year. After excluding diseases such as diabetes mellitus-related peripheral arterial occlusive disease and smoking-related Buerger's disease, the diagnosis of SSc was made according to the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria. We performed LDF and angiography for a patient with SSc and compared the results. RESULTS Although occlusions of right ulnar and digital arteries were obvious in angiography, the baseline skin temperature and perfusion unit on right fingers remained within normal limits. While the microcirculatory abnormalities measured by LDF alone are subtle, LDF combined with cold stress test detected a significant slow recovery of skin blood flow 40 minutes after cold immersion. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, there may be discordance between macrovasculopathy and baseline microcirculatory blood flow in SSc. In such a case, cold immersion test is essential to measure the dynamic change and slow recovery of blood flow.
Self-Regulation , Mandatory Standards , or Caveat Emptor

Trust is particularly important in online markets to facilitate the transfer of sensitive consumer information to online retailers. In electronic markets, various proposals have been made to facilitate these information transfers. We develop analytic models of hidden information to analyze the effectiveness of these regimes to build trust and their efficiency in terms of social welfare. We find that firms’ ability to influence consumer beliefs about trust depends on whether firms can send unambiguous signals to consumers regarding their intention of protecting privacy. Ambiguous signals can lead to a breakdown of consumer trust, while the clarity and credibility of the signal under industry self-regulation can lead to enhanced trust and improved social welfare. Our results also indicate that although overarching government regulations can enhance consumer trust, regulation may not be socially optimal in all environments because of lower profit margins for firms and higher prices for consumers.
ChangeMyView Through Concessions: Do Concessions Increase Persuasion?

In Discourse Studies concessions are considered among those argumentative strategies that increase persuasion. We aim to empirically test this hypothesis by calculating the distribution of argumentative concessions in persuasive vs. non-persuasive comments from the the ChangeMyView subreddit. This constitutes a challenging task since concessions do not always bear an argumentative role and are expressed through polysemous lexical markers. Drawing from a theoretically-informed typology of concessions, we first conduct a crowdsourcing task to label a set of polysemous lexical markers as introducing an argumentative concession relation or not. Second, we present a self-training method to automatically identify argumentative concessions using linguistically motivated features. While we achieve a moderate F1 of 57.4% via the self-training method, our subsequent error analysis highlights that the self training method is able to generalize and identify other types of concessions that are argumentative, but were not considered in the annotation guidelines. Our findings from the manual labeling and the classification experiments indicate that the type of argumentative concessions we investigated is almost equally likely to be used in winning and losing arguments. While this result seems to contradict theoretical assumptions, we provide some reasons related to the ChangeMyView subreddit.
Effects of Recruitment Practices on Employee Performance in the Cooperative Sector in Kenya; Case of Kenya Union of Savings and Credit Co-Operatives

Many organizations in Kenya and around the world have been in many ways affected by recruitment practices of employees in achieving their set objectives. There has been a need for organizations to understand the role of recruitment in getting the most suitable candidates with the best qualifications and abilities to obtain high performance. The study examined the effect of recruitment practices on employee performance in the Cooperative Sector in Kenya; using Kenya Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives (KUSCCO) Limited as a case. The study was guided by three research objectives namely determining the extent recruitment sources, recruitment policies and recruitment message affect employee performance in the Cooperative Movement Sector in Kenya. The study adopted a case study research design. The study targeted 177 employees of KUSCCO, from which a sample of 89 respondents was drawn for the study. The sample was selected through stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires, whereas secondary was obtained through existing literature related to the current research topic under study. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tool namely frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistical tools such as correlation and regression were used to determine and explain variable relationship. The study established that all the three independent variables (recruitment sources, recruitment policies, recruitment message) had positive relationship with the dependent variable (employee performance) though weaker. From the regression summary, the Adjusted R is 0.662 which shows that employee performance was affected by (r) recruitment sources, recruitment policies and recruitment message. This implies that, there was a variation of 66.2% on employee performance with recruitment sources, recruitment policies and recruitment message. The 33.8% remaining implies that there are other factors not studied in this research that affected employee performance. However, taking all recruitment constructs (sources, recruitment policies and recruitment message) constant at zero, employee performance was 1.704. The findings also show that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in recruitment sources leads to a 0.911 increase in the employee performance; a unitincrease in recruitment policies leads to a 0.478 increase in the employee performance; and a unitincrease in recruitment message leads to a 0.721 increase in the employee performance. Therefore, recruitment sources contribute more to the employee performance.Following thereof, there need to recruit more female employee so as to balance gender equality, diversify their external human capital recruitment sources, use realistic job preview as part of recruitment massage during advertisement, recruit employees based on their competence to improve their work performance.
Hearst Patterns Revisited: Automatic Hypernym Detection from Large Text Corpora

Methods for unsupervised hypernym detection may broadly be categorized according to two paradigms: pattern-based and distributional methods. In this paper, we study the performance of both approaches on several hypernymy tasks and find that simple pattern-based methods consistently outperform distributional methods on common benchmark datasets. Our results show that pattern-based models provide important contextual constraints which are not yet captured in distributional methods.
Photoelectric Detectors Based on Inorganic p‐Type Semiconductor Materials

Photoelectric detectors are the central part of modern photodetection systems with numerous commercial and scientific applications. p‐Type semiconductor materials play important roles in optoelectronic devices. Photodetectors based on p‐type semiconductor materials have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because of their unique properties. Here, a comprehensive summary of the recent progress mainly on photodetectors based on inorganic p‐type semiconductor materials is presented. Various structures, including photoconductors, phototransistors, homojunctions, heterojunctions, p–i–n junctions, and metal–semiconductor junctions of photodetectors based on inorganic p‐type semiconductor materials, are discussed and summarized. Perspectives and an outlook, highlighting the promising future directions of this research field, are also given.
Periodic Pólya Urns and an Application to Young Tableaux

P{o}lya urns are urns where at each unit of time a ball is drawn and is replaced with some other balls according to its colour. We introduce a more general model: The replacement rule depends on the colour of the drawn ball and the value of the time (mod p). We discuss some intriguing properties of the differential operators associated to the generating functions encoding the evolution of these urns. The initial partial differential equation indeed leads to ordinary linear differential equations and we prove that the moment generating functions are D-finite. For a subclass, we exhibit a closed form for the corresponding generating functions (giving the exact state of the urns at time n). When the time goes to infinity, we show that these periodic P{o}lya urns follow a rich variety of behaviours: their asymptotic fluctuations are described by a family of distributions, the generalized Gamma distributions, which can also be seen as powers of Gamma distributions. En passant, we establish some enumerative links with other combinatorial objects, and we give an application for a new result on the asymptotics of Young tableaux: This approach allows us to prove that the law of the lower right corner in a triangular Young tableau follows asymptotically a product of generalized Gamma distributions.
Entropy-Based Measures for Person Fit in Item Response Theory

This article introduces three new variants of entropy to detect person misfit (Ei, EMi, and EMRi), and provides preliminary evidence that these measures are worthy of further investigation. Previously, entropy has been used as a measure of approximate data–model fit to quantify how well individuals are classified into latent classes, and to quantify the quality of classification and separation between groups in logistic regression models. In the current study, entropy is explored through conceptual examples and Monte Carlo simulation comparing entropy with established measures of person fit in item response theory (IRT) such as lz, lz*, U, and W. Simulation results indicated that EMi and EMRi were successfully able to detect aberrant response patterns when comparing contaminated and uncontaminated subgroups of persons. In addition, EMi and EMRi performed similarly in showing separation between the contaminated and uncontaminated subgroups. However, EMRi may be advantageous over other measures when subtests include a small number of items. EMi and EMRi are recommended for use as approximate person-fit measures for IRT models. These measures of approximate person fit may be useful in making relative judgments about potential persons whose response patterns do not fit the theoretical model.