Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and development of pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine carboxamides as Mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase inhibitors

The purpose of this study was to prepare various 1-((1-(substituted)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-N,3-diphenyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxamides using click chemistry. The synthesized compounds were characterized using various analytical techniques like NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis and screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv strain and two ‘wild’ strains Spec. 210 and Spec. 192 using a classical test-tube method of successive dilution in Youmans' modification of the Proskauer and Beck liquid medium and were evaluated for a MTB pantothenate synthetase (PS) inhibition study as well. The final analogues exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 24.72 to >200 μM. Among the compounds, 1-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-N,3-diphenyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxamide (7d) was found to be the most active compound with IC50 1.01 ± 0.32 μM against MTB PS; it inhibited MTB with MIC 24.72 μM and it was non-cytotoxic at 50 μM in the RAW 267 cell line. Further, 7d was docked into the crystal structure of MTB PS to investigate its binding interaction pattern.
Psychopathic traits predict moral judgements in five moral domains: The mediating effect of unpleasantness

Purpose. The relationship between psychopathic traits and moral judgements has evoked passionate debates among researchers. Psychopathic traits have been characterized as risk factors for immoral behaviours in both non-forensic and forensic populations; however, whether individuals with elevated psychopathic traits display atypical moral judgements has been controversial. Here, we aim to examine how psychopathic traits are related to moral judgements in ﬁve moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) and further explore how unpleasantness mediates the relationship in non-forensic and forensic samples. Methods. Two hundred and twenty ﬁve college students and 219 detainees were recruited in two separate surveys. All the participants were asked to complete the moral judgement task in everyday moral scenarios, the unpleasantness ratings for the immoral behaviours and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP). Results. Psychopathic traits predicted the binary moral distinction (moral vs. immoral category) in the Care foundation in the non-forensic sample. Moreover, psychopathic traits predicted moral acceptability ratings (continuous category) in all of the moral foundations in the non-forensic sample but only for the Care and Loyalty foundations in the forensic sample. Finally, unpleasantness fully mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and moral judgements in both samples. Conclusions. Our ﬁndings provide further evidence that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits have atypical moral judgements – emphasizing the role of unpleas-antnessincontributingtothisphenomenon
Harnessing social interaction and intellectual capital in intergovernmental networks

PurposeIntellectual capital creation (ICC) in networks has been considered as central to the processes for responding to wicked problems. However, knowledge on the factors that explain ICC in networks is limited. We take a step toward filling this research gap by drawing on an extended view of social capital to identify specific network features that should explain ICC heterogeneity in engineered intergovernmental networks.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 655 local authorities participating in 8 networks was used to test the framework proposed. Data analysis followed a three-step approach. Firstly, confirmatory factor analysis was applied to assess the convergent and discriminant validity of the measures. Secondly, a non-parametric median test was conducted to determine whether the variables under study were statistically different for the eight networks. Lastly, the structural model underlying the conceptual framework was tested.FindingsThe authors found that the eight intergovernmental networks studied differed significantly in their levels of social interaction and ICC. At a structural level, three variables usually considered representative of social capital (social interaction, trust and shared vision) and two supplementary variables (shared resources and shared decisions) were proven to have significant direct and/or indirect effects on ICC.Originality/valueNo previous cross-sectional research has studied the link between the creation of social capital and intellectual capital in engineered intergovernmental networks. As this research focuses on networks and climate change, it contributes to the fourth and fifth stages of intellectual capital research.
The Power of Words in Crowdfunding

In this chapter, the authors first provide an overview of the crowdfunding phenomenon. Through the literature review of crowdfunding success factors in the four models, the authors then summarize that the current entrepreneurial research focused on success factors has failed to sufficiently examine how the power of words would affect crowdfunding. Therefore, the authors propose that non-verbal and verbal cues are crucial to entrepreneurial financing success. Based on the insufficient research related with those cues, especially the non-verbal ones, the authors open an area of study on non-verbal and verbal cues in the entrepreneurial financing process by conducting and writing this chapter.
Two-Pass Bilateral Smooth Filtering for Remote Sensing Imagery

Bilateral filtering has been adopted for edge-preserving image smoothing and achieved the state-of-the-art performance. Most of the existing bilateral filters (BFs), however, focus on accelerating brute-force implementation but not on smoothing quality. In this letter, we propose a two-pass (TP) BF, TP-based BF, and an adaptive control scheme of range kernels for noise-invariant edge-preserving image smoothing. Specifically, the TP-based BF is composed of two bilateral filtering operations, which are, respectively, in charge of coarse context extraction and fine structure refinement. The control scheme of range kernels guides the TP bilateral mechanism to eliminate first high-frequency noisy pixels and then explore contribution between pixels from clean contexts. Experimental results on four aerial-imagery benchmark data sets show that our TP-based BF outperforms the existing BFs in terms of both feature- and gradient-aware measures.
Hunting for Influential Nodes in Complex Networks Using Local Information

Complex networks in the real world are often with heterogeneous degree distributions. The structure and function of nodes can vary significantly, with influential nodes playing a crucial role in information spread and other spreading phenomena. Identifying high-degree nodes enables change to the network’s structure and function. Previous work either redefines metrics used to measure the nodes’ importance or focus on developing algorithms to efficiently find influential nodes. These approaches typically rely on global knowledge of the network and assume that the structure of the network does not change over time, both of which are difficult to achieve in the real world. In this paper, we propose a decentralized strategy that can find influential nodes without global knowledge of the network. Our Joint Nomination (JN) strategy selects a random set of nodes along with a set of nodes connected to those nodes, and together they nominate the influential node set. Experiments are conducted on 12 network datasets, including both synthetic and real-world networks, both undirected and directed networks. Results show that average degree of the identified node set is about 3–8 times higher than that of the full node set, and the degree distribution skews toward higher-degree nodes. Removal of influential nodes increase the average shortest path length by 20–70% over the original network, or about 8–15% longer than the other decentralized strategies. Immunization based on JN is more efficient than other strategies, consuming around 12–40% less immunization resources to raise the epidemic threshold to 𝜏 ~ 0:1. Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) simulations on networks with 30% influential nodes removed using JN delays the arrival time of infection peak significantly and reduce the total infection scale to 15%.
Distribution of Polychaete Communities along the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago

The species composition and quantitative characteristics of polychaete communities have been analyzed along the western coast of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago based on the materials collected in the expeditions of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute (MMBI) in 2006, 2007, and 2019. Three faunistic complexes have been identified in the study area in accordance to the changing environmental conditions northwards along the western coast of the Novaya Zemlya. The species composition and structure of polychaete communities depended on the structure of bottom sediments, depth, and the hydrodynamics of the near-bottom water layer. The polychaete fauna of the studied area has been compared with the literature data; particularly, we have observed as well the dominance of the detritus feeder Spiochaetopterus typicus, which role increased in the deep water areas on silty sands and silty clays rich in detritus. In the area of the Novaya Zemlya shallow waters, unfavorable habitat conditions for the detritus-feeders existed on rough sands with active hydrodynamics, which led to a decrease in the biomass of polychaetes and to a change in the dominant species
Discrepancy between Reviewing Clinicians and Radiologists in Reporting of Chest Radiograph Signs of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Introduction: Chest radiographs form an important aid to COVID-19 diagnosis, however their utility is limited by the reviewers ability to accurately assess for its radiological features, This study seeks to assess for any difference in reporting between radiologists and clinicians. Methods: 135 admission chest radiographs of patients without a known COVID-19 diagnosis were gathered opportunistically. Radiologist reports, reviewing clinicians and clinicians with no knowledge of the patient categorised radiographs as having either “no covid signs” (category 0), “indeterminate covid signs” (cat. 1) or “classic/probable covid signs” (cat. 2). Cohen’s Kappa was used to evaluate the inter-reporter reliability between these groups. Results: Radiologists identified 69% as cat. 0, 29% as cat. 1, 5% as cat. 2. Reviewing clinicians agreed with 73% of these reports achieving a Kappa of 0.43 (95% CI 0.32 - 0.54). Consultants performed best with a kappa of 0.77 (0.56-0.98). Clinicians without knowledge of the patient agreed with 54% of reports, Kappa 0.17 (-0.16 -0.50). Conclusion: There is a significant discrepancy between radiologist and non-radiologist reporting of chest radiographs in COVID-19 supporting the use of rapid radiologist reporting of chest radiographs to aid with diagnosis. Advances in Knowledge: This is the first paper to our knowledge to assess the difference in reporting of COVID-19 between radiologists and reviewing clinicians, indicating that radiologist reporting of chest x-rays has a measurable advantage in detecting COVID-19 signs, compared to clinician reports alone.
Effects of Copper on Accumulation, Antioxidant Activity and MDA Content in Lemna minor, Lemna gibba and Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.)

Lemna minor , Lemna gibba and Spirodela polyrrhiza L. , bitkilerinde dort gun boyunca uygulanan farkli konsantrasyonlardaki Lemna minor , Lemna gibba and Spirodela polyrrhiza L. , bakirin bitkilerdeki klorofil, karotenoid, MDA, katalaz ve superoksit peroksidazdaki etkileri belirlenmistir. Sonuclara gore bitkilerdeki bakir icerigi bakir uygulamasindaki artisla birlikte katlanmistir. Bununla birlikte, MDA orani artan Cu konsantrasyonu ile artmaktadir. Fakat fotosentetik pigmentlerin seviyesi Cu konsantrasyonunun artmasiyla azalmaktadir. Bu sonuclar, stresin hafiflemesinin sebebinin muhtemelen Cu seviyesinin artirilmasi ile dogrusal olarak artan katalaz (CAT) ve superoksit dismutaz (SOD) gibi antioksidanlarin sonucu olabilecegini ongormustur. Bunun yanisira L. minor, L. gibba ve S. polyrrhiza cogalan bakir miktari ile prolin seviyeleri de yukselmektedir. Bu sonuclar L. minor, L. gibba ve S. polyrrhiza ’nin bakir kaynakli oksidatif strese karsi etkili bir antioksidan mekanizmasi gelistirildigini gostermektedir.
Causal Features Extraction for Workpiece

In order to reduce the cost, computer vision technology is introduced into the measurement of workpiece size and shape on the factory production line. At present, the most widely used solution is the neural network model based on big data. However, the lack of data and the high cost of data processing also greatly limit the practical application of this aspect. The method of feature extraction brings challenges to the real-time, rotation invariance, and anti-noise of online detection. In this paper, firstly, Harris operator is used to extract feature points quickly. Then a two-layer scale space based on causality is constructed to filter the noise and project downward to obtain the robust feature position, which provides a basis for subsequent processing.
Effects of creatine hydrochloride supplementation on physical performance and hormonal changes in soldiers

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 2 weeks of creatine hydrochloride (CrHCl) supplementation on physical performance and hormonal changes in army soldiers. Materials: Eighteen male army soldiers were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either a CrHCl (n=9) or placebo (Pl) (n=9) groups. CrHCl group costumed 3g of creatine per day, whereas Pl group was given dextrose. Before and after supplementation period, the subjects performed a battery of performance tests including one repletion maximum (1RM) of bench press and back squat, vertical jump (VJ) and Wingate anaerobic test. In addition, blood samples were obtained to determine changes in testosterone and cortisol concentrations per and post supplementation. Results: There were significant increases in VJ, peak and mean power, and 1RM back squat test following the 2 weeks of CrHCl supplementation (p < 0.05) without any significant change for the Pl group. In addition significant changes were observed in testosterone and cortisol concentrations from before to after supplementation in CrHCl group (p < 0.05) and compared with Pl group (p=0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study indicates that CrHCl supplementation can improve VJ, power performance, 1RM back squat and hormonal changes in army soldiers.
Assessment of the Safety of ‘Suya’ Condiment Vended in Three Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aims: The essence of this research was to assess the microbiological quality of suya condiments/spices sold at different points in Obio/Akpor (Choba and Rumuepirikom) and Ikwerre (Aluu) Local Government Areas, Rivers State and reduction of microbial load using home microwave oven. Study Design: Completely randomized design with two replications and average values calculated. Place and Duration of Study: Food and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port and Emadavistic Medical and Research Laboratory, Osaks House, East-West road Port Harcourt for three months. Methodology: Twelve (12) samples of already formulated suya condiments/spices were sampled from twelve different suya vendors at Choba, Rumuepirikom, and Aluu. Standard methods were used for the microbiological analyses and microbial inactivation using home microwave oven. Results: The total plate counts (log10 CFU/g) for the samples ranged from 5.35 to 6.29, 5.67 to 6.09, and 5.88 to 6.36 for samples collected from Choba, Rumuepirikom and Aluu respectively. The isolated bacteria on the basis of cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics were identified as: Staphylococcus spp. (44.4%), Salmonella spp. (11.1%), Bacillus spp. (35.2%), Shigella sp. (1.9%), Enterobacter sp. (3.7%) and Streptococcus sp. (3.7%) from all three locations. A decrease in the microbial load was noted as exposure time increased from 0 to 60 s. (exposure to what) Conclusion: In all, suya condiments collected for this study were contaminated with bacteria of public health significance which suggest the need for microbial inactivation and an improvement in hygiene practice during processing and storage.
Flux-Modulated Permanent Magnet Machines: Challenges and Opportunities

High torque density is a desirable feature of electrical machines used in traction applications, such as electric vehicle (EV)/hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) propulsion, wind turbines, more electric aircrafts, etc. The flux-modulated permanent magnet (FMPM) machine is considered as one of the most promising candidates to achieve high torque density. The incorporated gearing effect is ideal in reducing the rotating speed and amplifying the output torque of the FMPM machines. This paper aims at a comprehensive review of the topology evolution of the FMPM machines. Based on different structures, the FMPM machines are grouped into four categories: surface-type FMPM machines, spoke-type FMPM machines, partitioned stator FMPM machines, and bidirectional FMPM machines. The operating principles, advantages, drawbacks, and major applications of the FMPM machines are discussed in detail. In the end, the current state of the art, opportunities, challenges, and future trends of the FMPM machines are discussed. Therefore, this paper offers a systematic guidance on the selection and design of the FMPM machines.
Perceived stress levels in patients in novel corona virus infection pandemic: Prospective single-center study

Aim: In the progression of the diseases, the psychological and stress levels of the patients affect the course of the disease This situation is also important and should be analyzed in the follow-up of COVID-19 patients In this study, it was aimed to investigate the stress levels of COVID-19 patients in our hospital isolation services Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study is conducted in our isolation services where possible/definite COVID-19 patients older than 18 years old are followed According to the patients' swap test results, patients are divided into two groups;group 1: COVID-19 possible, and the group 2: COVID-19 definitive groups The demographic properties of the patients investigated, and the "Perceived Stress Scale", was applied to all groups the day after the swap test results were completed, and the outputs were analyzed
Discrimination of responses of corn genotypes to drought through physiological, growth, and yield traits

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate different traits of four corn (Zea mays) genotypes with contrasting responses to drought and to determine the main traits associated to such responses. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The plants were grown in pots subjected to full irrigation. Drought was imposed to plants at 54 days after sowing and kept constant for 12 consecutive days; however, a group of plants remained under full irrigation. Traits related to leaf gas exchange, photochemical apparatus, growth, and yield were assessed, and data were subjected to hierarchical agglomerative clustering and principal component analysis. DKB 390 distinguishes from the other genotypes for growth and yield traits, while 2B-707 and DKB 390 discriminate from 'BRS 1030' and 'BRS 1010' for physiological traits. Ear length, kernel number per ear, above-ground dry matter, shoot dry matter, and plant height are the most important growth and yield traits to discriminate genotype-dependent drought tolerance. Among the physiological traits, the most important are: chlorophyll content, absorptivity, leaf temperature, maximum fluorescence in the dark-adapted state, minimum fluorescence in the dark-adapted state, water-use efficiency, and intercellular CO2 concentration.
A 21.5 ~ 25 GHz 7‐bit phase shifter with passive vector‐sum topology

A 7‐bit passive phase shifter with low‐phase error is presented in 65 nm CMOS technology. The vector‐sum topology is implemented to enable passive phase shifter the ability of flexible phase calibration. Therefore, the passive phase shifter with high resolution and low‐phase error is achieved. In order to achieve high linearity, attenuator based on resistor is implemented to scale the I/Q signals, and a vector synthesizer based on balun is utilized to sum the quadrature vectors. Measurement results show that the phase shifter achieves 7‐bit resolution. The measured root mean square (RMS) phase error is <2.1°, and the RMS gain error is <1.2 dB over 21.5 ~ 25 GHz. The measured input‐referred P1dB is >10 dBm. The measured peak gain is about −14.3 dB, and the return loss is >8 dB. The chip has no DC power consumption and occupies an area of 880 × 500 um. The measurement results demonstrate the proposed phase shifter is very suitable for high linearity and high‐angular resolution phased arrays in K‐band.
Effect of rubber polarity on selective wetting of carbon nanotubes in ternary blends

Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the rubber-filler gel (wetting concept) the kinetics of selective wetting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in ternary styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/natural rubber (NR) blends was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized. Almost all CNTs are found to be wetted by the non-polar NR but not by the other non-polar rubber like BR or weakly polar SBR. It was proposed that phospholipids, which are linked to the "-terminal of NR can interact with the CNT surface through cation-# interactions forming strong bonding between NR and CNTs. Using the corrected surface tension value of NR, which involves the effect of phospholipids found in our previous work the selective wetting of CNTs in ternary rubber blends can be well predicted using the Z-model for a thermodynamic equilibrium state. By replacing the non-polar BR by a polar rub- ber like nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) as a blend component CNTs are wetted by NBR slightly more than by NR thanks to the strong interaction between CNTs and nitrile groups of NBR. SBR remains unbound to CNTs in both blends.
Pneumonia Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network Feature Map Fusion

Pneumonia recognition has important research significance in computer-aided diagnosis, and there is a problem of low accuracy for pneumonia recognition. In this paper, an improved network is based on the convolutional neural network AlexNet, the AlexNet_Branch network. The AlexNet_Branch network adds a parallel branch convolutional neural network to AlexNet, and it connects AlexNet and the branch convolutional neural network at the fully connected layer. During training, the same image is simultaneously obtained by AlexNet and the branch convolutional neural network to obtain different feature maps, and then the feature maps are merged together at the fully connected layer to improve the accuracy of recognition. Through design experiments, different AlexNet_Branch networks composed of different layers of branch convolutional neural networks were built, and the network was trained and tested on the chest X-ray image set respectively. The results show that the addition of a branch convolutional neural network greatly improves the accuracy of pneumonia recognition, and the AlexNet_Branch network test accuracy consisting of a 16-layer branch convolutional neural network is 98.01%.