Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Vasodilator Production by Uterine and Systemic Arteries. VIII. Estrogen and Progesterone Effects on cPLA2, COX-1, and PGIS Protein Expression1

Abstract During ovine pregnancy, when both estrogen and progesterone are elevated, prostacyclin (PGI2) production by uterine arteries and the key enzymes for PGI2 production, phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), and prostacyclin synthetase (PGIS), are increased. This study was conducted to determine whether exogenous estradiol-17β (E2β) with or without progesterone (P4) treatment would increase cPLA2, COX-1, and PGIS protein expression in ovine uterine, mammary, and systemic (renal, mental, and coronary) arteries. Nonpregnant ovariectomized sheep received vehicle (n = 10), P4 (0.9-g controlled internal drug release vaginal implants; n = 13), E2β (5 μg/kg bolus followed by 6 μg kg−1 day−1; n = 10), or P4 + E2β (n = 12). Arteries were procured on Day 10, and cPLA2, COX-1, and PGIS protein were measured by Western immunoblot analysis in endothelial isolated proteins and vascular smooth muscle (VSM). The levels of cPLA2 was increased in uterine artery endothelium in ewes treated with P4 + E2β but was not altered by any steroid treatment in renal, coronary, mammary, or omental artery endothelium or in VSM of any evaluated artery. Similarly, COX-1 was increased in uterine artery endothelium with P4 + E2β but was not significantly altered by treatment in other endothelium or VSM. E2β treatment increased PGIS protein in uterine and renal artery endothelium but did not alter PGIS in other endothelial tissue. P4 increased PGIS expression in the uterine, mammary, omental, and renal artery VSM, and E2β increased PGIS expression in the uterine and omental artery VSM. Both E2β and P4 treatments differentially alter protein expression of the key enzymes involved in PGI2 production in different artery types and may play an important role in the control of blood flow redistribution during hormone replacement therapy.
A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CONCEPT OF MONOTONY IN ATC : EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC REPETITIVENESS AND TRAFFIC DENSITY

The study described in this publication investigated the occurrence of a state of monotony depending on variation in task characteristics. 24 fully qualified Air Traffic Controllers between 22 and 47 years participated in an experiment with a 2 (repetitiveness) x 2 (dynamic density) x 2 (physical activity) x 2 (run) x 3/15 (interval within run)-mixed design. They were presented with 2 traffic scenarios with repetitive or non repetitive conflict patterns under high or low dynamic density. A variety of physiological measures (ECG, EOG, EDA, EEG, respiration), subjective reports during and after runs, and performance indicators were collected throughout the experimental session. This paper reports results of physiological and subjective measures. Decreasing heart rate (HR) and increasing heart rate variability (HRV) support the aspect of deactivation as proposed by Bartenwerfer, while the pattern of subjective ratings appears more complex. Findings indicate that the nature of a state of monotony is affected by the initial state and may be reduced by increases in traffic density.
Note : Construct validity of the Pearson Test of English Academic : A multitrait-multimethod approach 1

Linguistic abilities are multifaceted and cannot easily be measured directly. Consequently, multiple diagnostic methods are employed to assess multiple traits of language skills. This indirect means of assessment raises issues of adequacy, appropriateness, and utility of the measures in testing an individual’s ability or skill. With the contribution of Campbell and Fiske (1959) to the field of language testing, a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approach has been used by many researchers not only to validate inferences made based on test scores, but also to build theories. The MTMM approach is largely used to examine how different traits (multitraits) of language abilities and methods (multimethods) of testing materials influence the student’s performance. Campbell and Fiske’s (1959) original conceptualization was characterized by hypotheses that correlations among scores measuring a unitary ability (monotrait correlations) would be higher than those among scores using a single test method (monomethod correlations), and monotrait-monomethod correlations would be higher than those among measures of different traits using different methods (heterotraitheteromethod correlations). This stipulation has received criticism. The main criticism points to the ambiguity of the magnitude of adequate correlation coefficients and the reliance on correlations that do not allow for quantification of the amount of the specific variance in the data to make inferences about underlying dimensions, such as trait and method factors (Bachman, 2004; Marsh, 1989; Widaman, 1985). Other abilities or test methods may affect the testtaker’s performance. Another criticism is related to failure to separate method variance from random error in the MTMM correlation matrix (Brown, 2006; Schmitt & Stults, 1986). Although a comparison of the magnitude or strength of the correlations across traits and methods provides valuable information, a challenge lies in the absence of criteria to determine the magnitude of correlations necessary to claim significant differences (Bachman, 2004).
SEA SURFACE CARBON DIOXIDE OFF IBERIAN PENINSULA ( EAST NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN )

The variability of the carbon dioxide in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean was investigated by studying three seasons with different hydrographical and meteorological conditions that lead to two main different situations: upwelling and downwelling. No correlation between surface pCO2 and chlorophyll was found in spring, although significant correlation was found in autumn when strong downwelling was the observed. The convergence developed over the slope produce different regimes of stability of the water column on the shelf creating areas of high and low pCO2 levels. A positive correlation (r=0.50; n=33) between surface pCO2 and chlorophyll points out during the upwelling season. High pCO2 is found when the greatest concentration of chlorophyll exists. The uptake of carbon by photosynthetic activity masks the increase of dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations in surface due to the upwelling event. Without this biological effect the increase of pCO2 during the upwelling will be even higher. Air-sea fluxes of CO2 were calculated for the three studied seasons. The average CO2 flux from the atmosphere to the ocean (0.47 mmol m.d) in the eastern margin of North Atlantic was slightly lower than those given in previous studies in the North Atlantic ocean because of the influence of upwelling.
Cloning and molecular characterization of two genes encoding adhesion proteins involved in Trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence

Cytoadherence to the vaginal epithelium is a critical step in infection by the eukaryotic flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis. Four trichomonad surface proteins (AP65, AP51, AP33 and AP23) mediate cytoadherence. The cDNA encoding the AP65 adhesin was isolated from a phagemid cDNA expression library by screening with antiserum and monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against the purified trichomonad AP65 protein. Two clones, F11.2 and F11.5, coded for immuno‐crossreactive recombinant proteins that possessed functional properties equal to the T. vaginalis AP65 adhesin. Analysis of full‐length sequences corresponding to the F11.2 and F11.5 cDNAs revealed that both contained 1701‐base open reading frames (ORFs) that encoded proteins of 63 281 daltons and 63087 daltons, respectively. Comparison of the full‐length sequences showed 87% identity at the nucleotide level and 91% identity at the protein level. Restriction‐enzyme mapping and Southern analysis reaffirmed the distinctness of the F11.2 and F11.5 cDNAs, indicating that two different AP65 genes (now called ap65−1 and ap65−2) are present in the T. vaginalis genome in at least two copies each. Northern analysis detected high levels of transcript of ∼1.8 kb for both ap65−1 and ap65‐2 genes in trichomonads grown only in high‐iron medium, confirming the transcriptional regulation of adhesin synthesis by iron. Homology searches revealed significant similarity (38% amino acid identity and 54% nucleotide identity) to malic enzymes. However, purified malic enzyme and mAb to AP65 crossreactive with malic enzyme neither inhibited cytoadherence of T. vaginalis to host cells nor prevented binding of the trichomonad AP65 to HeLa cells in a ligand assay.
Cerebrovascular Vasodilation to Extraluminal Acidosis Occurs via Combined Activation of ATP-Sensitive and Ca2+-Activated Potassium Channels

Albeit controversely discussed, it has been suggested by several authors that nitric oxide (NO) serves as a permissive factor in the cerebral blood flow response to systemic hypercapnia. Potassium channels are important regulators of cerebrovascular tone and may be modulated by a basal perivascular NO level. To elucidate the functional targets of the proposed NO modulation during hypercapnia-induced vasodilation, the authors performed experiments in isolated, cannulated, and pressurized rat middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Extracellular pH was reduced from 7.4 to 7.0 in the extraluminal bath to induce NO dependent vasdilation. Acidosis increased vessel diameter by 35 ± 10%. In separate experiments, ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) were blocked by extraluminal application of glibenclamide (Glib), Ca2+-activated potassium channels (KCa) by tetraethylammonium (TEA), voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) by 4-aminopyridine, and inward rectifier potassium channels (KIR) by BaCl2. Na+-K+-ATP-ase was inhibited by ouabain. Application of TEA slightly constricted the arteries at pH 7.4 and slightly but significantly attenuated the vasodilation to acidosis. Inhibition of the other potassium channels or Na+-K+-ATP-ase had no effect. Combined blockade of KATP and KCa channels further reduced resting diameter, and abolished acidosis induced vasodilation. The authors conclude that mainly KCa channels are active under resting conditions. KATP and KCa channels are responsible for vasodilation to acidosis. Activity of one of these potassium channel families is sufficient for vasodilation to acidosis, and only combined inhibition completely abolishes vasodilation. During NO synthase inhibition, dilation to the KATP channel opener pinacidil or the KCa channel opener NS1619 was attenuated or abolished, respectively. The authors suggest that a basal perivascular NO level is necessary for physiologic KATP and KCa channel function in rat MCA. Future studies have to elucidate whether this NO dependent effect on KATP and KCa channel function is a principle mechanism of NO induced modulation of cerebrovascular reactivity and whether the variability of findings in the literature concerning a modulatory role of NO can be explained by different levels of vascular NO/cGMP concentrations within the cerebrovascular tree.
Camera-Based Whiteboard Reading for Understanding Mind Maps

Mind maps, i.e. the spatial organization of ideas and concepts around a central topic and the visualization of their relations, represent a very powerful and thus popular means to support creative thinking and problem solving processes. Typically created on traditional whiteboards, they represent an important technique for collaborative brainstorming sessions. We describe a camera-based system to analyze hand-drawn mind maps written on a whiteboard. The goal of the presented system is to produce digital representations of such mind maps, which would enable digital asset management, i.e. storage and retrieval of manually created documents. Our system is based on image acquisition by means of a camera, followed by the segmentation of the particular whiteboard image focusing on the extraction of written context, i.e. the ideas captured by the mind map. The spatial arrangement of these ideas is recovered using layout analysis based on unsupervised clustering, which results in graph representations of mind maps. Finally, handwriting recognition derives textual transcripts of the ideas captured by the mind map. We demonstrate the capabilities of our mind map reading system by means of an experimental evaluation, where we analyze images of mind maps that have been drawn on whiteboards, without any further constraints other than the underlying topic. In addition to the promising recognition results, we also discuss training strategies, which effectively allow for system bootstrapping using out-of-domain sample data. The latter is important when addressing creative thinking processes where domain-related training data are difficult to obtain as they focus on novelty by definition.
Fish consumption and risk of non – gallstone-related acute pancreatitis : a prospective cohort study 1 – 3

Background: Epidemiologic data on the role of diet in acute pancreatitis are sparse. Objective: We examined the association of total fish consumption, as well as of consumption of fatty fish and lean fish separately, with risk of non–gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Design: We used data from 2 prospective cohorts, the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort, that included 39,267 men and 32,191 women who were aged 45–84 y at the start of a 13-y follow-up period (1998–2010). Fish consumption was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, and cases of incident non–gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified by linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register. HRs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: During a total follow-up of 860,176 person-years, 320 cases (209 cases in men and 111 cases in women) of incident non–gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified. We observed that total fish consumption #2.0–3.0 servings/wk was associated with a significantly decreased risk of the disease (P-nonlinearity = 0.017). Compared with 0.9 servings/wk, multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.96), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.96), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.10) for 1.4, 2.4, and 3.5 servings/wk, respectively. In the analysis of fatty fish and lean fish, we observed that the consumption of each subtype had a similarly shaped association with risk of non–gallstone-related acute pancreatitis as that observed for total fish consumption, although neither was significant. Multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.83 for fatty fish (95% CI: 0.65, 1.04) and 0.87 for lean fish (95% CI: 0.69, 1.11) when 0.6–2.0 were compared with #0.5 servings/wk. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the consumption of total fish (fatty fish and lean fish combined) may be associated with decreased risk of non–gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. The Swedish Mammography Cohort was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127698. The Cohort of Swedish Men was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127711. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.
Risk of Active Tuberculosis in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

Background Cancer is a known risk factor for developing active tuberculosis (TB). We determined the incidence and relative risk of active TB in cancer patients compared to the general population. Methods Electronic databases were searched up to December 2015: Medline, Medline InProcess, EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cancerlit, and Web of Science. Studies of pathologically confirmed cancer patients were included if active TB was identified concurrently or after the diagnosis. Cumulative incidence rate/100,000 population (CIR) of new cases of TB occurring in cancer patients and comparative incidence rate ratios (IRR) to the general population from the same country of origin were estimated. A random effect meta-analysis was conducted on the CIR and IRR. Results A total of 23 studies reporting 593 TB cases occurring in 324,041 cancer patients between 1950 and 2011 were identified. In a meta-analysis of 6 studies conducted in the US in 317,243 cancer patients (98% of all patients) the CIR of active TB decreased by 3 fold and 6.5 fold in hematologic and solid cancers respectively before and after 1980. After 1980 the CIR of active TB was highest in hematologic (219/100,000 population, IRR=26), head and neck (143; 16), lung cancers (83; 9) and was lowest in breast and other solid cancers (38; 4). Conclusions Individuals living in the US with hematologic, head and neck, and lung cancers had a 9-fold higher rate of developing active TB compared to those without cancer and would benefit from targeted latent TB screening and therapy.
Nomen est omen: analyzing the language of function identifiers

The identifiers chosen by programmers as function names contain valuable information. They are often the starting point for program understanding activities, especially when high-level views, like the call graph, are available. In this paper, the lexical, syntactic and semantic structure of function identifiers is analyzed by means of a segmentation technique, a regular language and a conceptual classification. The application of these analyses to a database of procedural programs suggests some potential uses of the results, ranging from support for program understanding to the evolution towards standard and more maintainable forms of programs.
Serial MSK spread-spectrum multiple-access communications

A serial minimum-shift-keyed (MSK) direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) communication system is described and analyzed to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio. The single-channel system generates the same transmitted signals as a corresponding parallel MSK/DS/SSMA system. Hence, the transmitted signals have a constant envelope and desirable spectral properties. Hardware is required for only one channel, and the multiple-access capability of the system compares favorably with a standard binary DS/SSMA system. <<ETX>>
Protein bg Subunits from Effector Channels to Induce Desensitization

Rostislav Turecek,1,2 Jochen Schwenk,3,4 Thorsten Fritzius,1 Klara Ivankova,1 Gerd Zolles,3 Lisa Adelfinger,1 Valerie Jacquier,1 Valerie Besseyrias,1 Martin Gassmann,1 Uwe Schulte,3,4 Bernd Fakler,3,4,* and Bernhard Bettler1,* 1Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 2Institute of Experimental Medicine, ASCR, Vı́de nská 1083, 14220 Prague 4-Kr c, Czech Republic 3Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herderstrasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 4Center for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albertstrasse 10, 79108 Freiburg, Germany *Correspondence: bernd.fakler@physiologie.uni-freiburg.de (B.F.), bernhard.bettler@unibas.ch (B.B.) http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuron. 2014.04. 015
MR findings in a rare case of sclerosing mesenteritis of the mesocolon

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare, usually benign disorder of the mesentery. Depending on the predominant tissue component (inflammation, fat, or fibrosis), it is known as mesenteric panniculitis or retractile mesenteritis. We present a rare case of retractile mesenteritis of the mesocolon as a cause of severe abdominal pain. US, CT, and MRI were the imaging modalities used. We emphasize the MR finding of a fibrous capsula in retractile mesenteritis, as this is to our knowledge the first study to describe this entity. This finding may be valuable for establishing a diagnosis of sclerosing mesenteritis, as well as for differentiating this disease from other mesenteric diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:632–636. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Violent behavior and mental illness: perspectives on papers in this issue.

Editor's note: The articles in this special issue are wide-ranging in their examination of the relationship between violent behavior and mental illness and are sometimes overlapping or contradictory in their findings and conclusions. To help synthesize the information they present, we asked Carl C. Bell, M.D., a member of H&CP's editorial board who has done extensive research on various aspects of violent behavior, to review the articles as a group and to share his perspectives with H&CP readers.
The Gospel Oak Study stage III: the incidence of dementia

Synopsis Of an original sample of 705 elderly (aged over 65) community residents 71% were rescreened after two years and four months using Short CARE. Thirty-one (6·7%) subjects were identified as possible new cases of dementia, implying a mean annual inception rate among the survivors of 26 per 1000. These were subjected to full clinical assessment, which yielded 10 cases of Alzheimer's disease (8 per 1000) and 5 multi-infarct dementia (4 per 1000). The remainder of the cases consisted of 6 with a dementia secondary to other causes, 1 case of mixed dementia and there was insufficient information to classify the remaining 3. Six were found not to be suffering from dementia. This yields an overall annual incidence rate for dementia among the survivors of 20 per 1000.
Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered pethidine in dogs and the influence of anaesthesia and surgery

The plasma concentration of pethidine was measured after it had been administered intramuscularly to fully conscious dogs, and to dogs in the postoperative period and during general anaesthesia. The absorption of the drug was erratic except in the anaesthetised animals and the plasma concentrations of the drug were also higher in this group. Correlation of plasma concentrations of the drug with its analgesic activity revealed a 'critical' concentration of pethidine of 0.4 micrograms/ml for complete analgesia; useful though not complete analgesia was achieved with concentrations above 0.2 micrograms/ml. These concentrations were maintained for 90 minutes after the administration of the drug at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg and for 120 minutes after a dose of 3.5 mg/kg.
The Channel-Forming Sym1 Protein Is Transported by the TIM23 Complex in a Presequence-Independent Manner

ABSTRACT The majority of multispanning inner mitochondrial membrane proteins utilize internal targeting signals, which direct them to the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex), for their import. MPV17 and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologue Sym1 are multispanning inner membrane proteins of unknown function with an amino-terminal presequence that suggests they may be targeted to the mitochondria. Mutations affecting MPV17 are associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS). Reconstitution of purified Sym1 into planar lipid bilayers and electrophysiological measurements have demonstrated that Sym1 forms a membrane pore. To address the biogenesis of Sym1, which oligomerizes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, we studied its import and assembly pathway. Sym1 forms a transport intermediate at the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. Surprisingly, Sym1 was not transported into mitochondria by an amino-terminal signal, and in contrast to what has been observed in carrier proteins, Sym1 transport and assembly into the inner membrane were independent of small translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM) and TIM22 complexes. Instead, Sym1 required the presequence of translocase for its biogenesis. Our analyses have revealed a novel transport mechanism for a polytopic membrane protein in which internal signals direct the precursor into the inner membrane via the TIM23 complex, indicating a presequence-independent function of this translocase.