Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEMONSTRATION OF INTEROPERABLE ROAD-USER END-TO-END CHARGING AND TELEMATICS SYSTEMS (DIRECTS) FOR THE UK GOVERNMENT

The Fareway Alliance, comprising KBR (Kellogg Brown & Root), Atkins Transport Systems, and Thales Telecommunications Services (TTSL) in the UK, was awarded the DIRECTS (Demonstration of Interoperable Road User Charging and Telematics Systems) contract by the Department for Transport (DfT), in March 2001. This challenging program requires Fareway to perform three principal tasks: (1) to develop, over the period of the contract, a suite of specifications for Road User Charging (RUC), providing interoperability between the various sub-system components; (2) to design, develop, test, install operate and decommission a complete end-to-end trial system for RUC at a number of urban and motorway locations in the South Eastern quadrant of the City of Leeds; and (3) to prove via the trial, the interoperability of systems provided by multiple suppliers. The program will include the recruitment of volunteers and over 500 vehicles will be fitted with On-Board Equipment (OBE). Over the course of a minimum of 12 months, the volunteers will receive monthly sample invoices and, where applicable, sample Penalty Charge Notices as part of the live demonstration of the system. The equipment suppliers to the trial include OBE, Road Side Equipment (RSE) and back-office systems suppliers from the UK, France, Austria, Germany, Sweden and Canada. In demonstrating this system on live roads, the Alliance and it's suppliers will be demonstrating it's ability to meet the Requirements specification Suite it has prepared on DfT's behalf, interoperability between systems and equipment, and sustained live operations over the trial period.
Main Hydrogen Production Processes: An Overview

Due to its characteristics, hydrogen is considered the energy carrier of the future. Its use as a fuel generates reduced pollution, as if burned it almost exclusively produces water vapor. Hydrogen can be produced from numerous sources, both of fossil and renewable origin, and with as many production processes, which can use renewable or non-renewable energy sources. To achieve carbon neutrality, the sources must necessarily be renewable, and the production processes themselves must use renewable energy sources. In this review article the main characteristics of the most used hydrogen production methods are summarized, mainly focusing on renewable feedstocks, furthermore a series of relevant articles published in the last year, are reviewed. The production methods are grouped according to the type of energy they use; and at the end of each section the strengths and limitations of the processes are highlighted. The conclusions compare the main characteristics of the production processes studied and contextualize their possible use.
Lemon Leaf Disease Detection and Classification using SVM and CNN

India is a developing country and agriculture has always played a major role in bolstering the country’s economic growth. Due to various factors like industrialization, mechanization and globalization, the green fields are facing complications. So, identifying the plant disease incorrectly will lead to a huge loss of both quantity and quality of the product and it will also incur loss in time and money. Hence, identifying the condition of the plant plays a major role for successful cultivation. Now a day’s image processing technique is being employed as a focal technique for diagnosing the various features of the crop. The image processing techniques can be used for identification of the plant disease and hence classify the plant disease. Generally, the symptoms of the disease are observed on leaves, stems, flowers etc. Here, the leaves of the affected plant are used for the identification and classification of the disease. Leaf image is captured using a smart phone as the first step and then they are processed to determine the condition of the plant. Identification of plant disease follows the steps like loading the image of the plant leaf, histogram equalization for enhancing contrast of the image, segmentation process by using Lab color space model, extracting features of the segmented image using GLCM (Grey Level Cooccurrence Matrix) and finally classification of leaf disease by using MCSVM (Multi Class Support Vector Machine). This procedure obtained an accuracy percentage of 83.6%. Also, it takes long training time for large datasets. To improve the accuracy of the detection and the classification of the plants, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used. The main advantage of CNN is that it automatically detects the main features of the input without any supervision of human. In CNN identification of disease follow the steps like loading the image as the input image, convolution of the feature map and finally max pooling the layers to calculate the features of the image in detail. The plant diseases are classified with an accuracy of 93.8 %.
A multiple perspective approach to information system quality

The motivation for this research is a concern with the high rate of information system failures reported in the academic literature and in practitioner publications. It is proposed that the adoption of the customer-centred ideals and methods of quality management in information system development will increase the likelihood of the delivery of successful information systems. The approach taken in the research is to work with the ideas of multiple perspectives - organizational effectiveness, work-life quality, and technical artefact quality - and multiple stakeholders. The research approach is to use action research. The fieldwork comprises three phases. The first phase involved interviewing system developers and the second phase consisted of two case studies of implemented information systems. This preliminary analysis, together with a theoretical investigation of the foundations of quality, was used to inform the development of a quality approach to information system development. The information system development methodology (ISDM) is based upon Multiview, a multiple perspective approach to information system development, and the total quality management method used is quality function deployment. The resultant hybrid methodology is known as ISDM/Q. The ISDM/Q is tested using action research on a live system development project concerned with the development of a wind tunnel control and data collection system. Extensive organizational analysis was conducted to place this software development within a wider organizational context, involving quality requirements workshops and quality planning. The outcomes of the research are assessed in terms of the learning recorded with respect to the framework of ideas, the methodology (ISDM/Q) and the domain in which the action research took place. The field work showed that there were benefits to using a quality metaphor in information system development but that this would require a significant change in the culture and style of information system development organizations. A practical contribution of the research is the development of quality function deployment for information system development.
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We investigated the changes in Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and available lysine content, antioxidant properties, volatiles, and oxidation products of biscuits enriched with grape by-product (GP), stored for six months under a modified atmosphere of 0%/30%/70% O2/CO2/N2 and in air. Fresh GP-formulated biscuits showed lower concentrations of CML (89%), available lysine (40%), and pyrazines (75%), but higher antioxidant capacities (~ sixfold), furans (12-fold), and lipid-derived compounds (three-fold) than the control. Although ~ 15% higher losses of Maillard-type volatiles were identified in the air atmosphere during storage, lipid oxidation was ~ 30% less pronounced in the modified atmosphere. A significant correlation of 0.994 between the reduction in CML and the available lysine suggest further CML reactions with the ɛ-NH2 group of amino acids. Significant correlations (of -0.550 to -0.980) between oxidation products, antioxidant capacities, and changes in CML content during storage suggest that these parameters might be involved in the CML elimination mechanism.
Efficiently Displaying Geometric Primitives Extracted from LiDAR Data Points

The LiDAR (Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging) system is one of the most useful data capturing tools, with high-accuracy sensors. Laser lights illuminate targets, and the system measures the distance to the target objects. The LiDAR systems can be used to obtain various kinds of geological and geometric data, including terrain surfaces, outside buildings, and others. From these LiDAR-scanned data points, we need a variety of operations, including LiDAR file format supports, point cloud manipulation features, geometric primitive extractions, reconstruction of 3D objects from the point clouds, and the efficient rendering of the point clouds and the extracted geometric primitives. We have analyzed each of those technical issues and presented practical engineering solutions. We finally integrated all the features into the system to efficiently display the geometric primitives, which are numerically extracted from the original LiDAR data points.
Modeling a high output marine steam generator feedwater control system which uses parallel turbine-driven feed pumps

当轮船以高速度旅行时，平行汽轮机驱动的给水泵被需要。 为了学习海洋的蒸气生成器给水，控制使用平行的系统汽轮机驱动喂泵，海洋的蒸气生成器给水控制系统的一个数学模型被开发它包括二个蒸气生成器和平行的数学模型汽轮机驱动喂给水管子的泵以及数学模型并且喂调整阀门。 平行的操作条件点汽轮机驱动喂泵被 Chebyshev 曲线计算合适的方法。 为蒸气发电机的一个水位控制器和一个旋转速度控制器为汽轮机驱动喂泵也在模型被包括。 数学模型和他们的控制器的精确性被从一个模拟器把他们的结果与那些作比较验证。
Investigating the relationship between interventions, contact patterns, and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility

Background After a rapid upsurge of COVID-19 cases in Italy during the fall of 2020, the government introduced a three-tiered restriction system aimed at increasing physical distancing. The Ministry of Health, after periodic epidemiological risk assessments, assigned a tier to each of the 21 Italian regions and autonomous provinces. It is still unclear to what extent these different sets of measures altered the number of daily interactions and the social mixing patterns. Methods and findings We conducted a survey between July 2020 and March 2021 to monitor changes in social contact patterns among individuals in the metropolitan city of Milan, Italy, which was hardly hit by the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of daily contacts during periods characterized by different levels of restrictions was analyzed through negative binomial regression models and age-specific contact matrices were estimated under the different tiers of restrictions. By relying on the empirically estimated mixing patterns, we quantified relative changes in SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential associated with the different tiers. As tighter restrictions were implemented during the fall of 2020, a progressive reduction in the mean number of daily contacts recorded by study participants was observed: from 15.9% under mild restrictions (yellow tier), to 41.8% under strong restrictions (red tier). Higher restrictions levels were also found to increase the relative contribution of contacts occurring within the household. The SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number was estimated to decrease by 17.1% (95%CI: 1.5-30.1), 25.1% (95%CI: 13.0-36.0) and 44.7% (95%CI: 33.9-53.0) under the yellow, orange, and red tiers, respectively. Conclusions Our results give an important quantification of the expected contribution of different restriction levels in shaping social contacts and decreasing the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. These estimates can find an operational use in anticipating the effect that the implementation of these tiered restriction can have on SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number under an evolving epidemiological situation.
Reliability prediction based on complicated data and dynamic data

Lifetime data from the field can be complicated due to truncation, censoring, multiple failure modes, and the nonhomogeneity of the population. These complications lead to difficulties in reliability predictions and calibrations of the prediction intervals (PIs). Another trends in field lifetime data is the availability of the dynamic data which give information dynamically on how a product being used and under which environment being used. Incorporating this information (historically not available) into statistical analyses will provide stronger statistical methods. In this dissertation, statistical models and methods motivated by real applications were developed for reliability predictions based on complicated data and dynamic data. In Chapter 2, left truncated and right censored high-voltage power transformer lifetime data are available from an energy company. The company wants to predict the remaining life of transformers and the cumulative number of failures at a future time for their transformer fleet. The population is nonhomogeneous because transformer designs evolved over past decades. The data were stratified into relatively homogeneous groups and regression was done to incorporate the explanatory variables. The random weighted bootstrap was used to overcome the difficulties introduced by the complicated structure of the data in the calibration of the prediction intervals. In Chapter 3, the importance of stratification when the population is nonhomogeneous was analytically studied in the context of reliability predictions. There are two potential pitfalls for fitting a single distribution to nonhomogeneous data, which are misinterpretation of the failure mode and asymptotic biasness in prediction. These results were further illustrated by the high-voltage transformer life data. In Chapter 4,
Analisis Pemilihan Supplier Metallic Box Menggunakan Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp) (Studi Kasus: PT Xyz – Malang)

Abstrak Pemilihan supplier adalah permasalahan multi kriteria dimana setiap kriteria yang digunakan mempunyai kepentingan yang berbeda dan informasi mengenai hal tersebut tidak diketahui secara tepat. Dalam hal ini pemilihan supplier berdasarkan penawaran harga yang rendah sudah tidak efisien lagi. Untuk mendapatkan kinerja SCM yang maksimal harus menggabungkan kriteria lain yang relevan dengan tujuan perusahaan. PT XYZ menghadapi permasalahan terkait performansi supplier yang belum stabil. Ketidakstabilan dikarenakan adanya keterlambatan pengiriman dan harga yang melebihi HPS. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap supplier . AHP merupakan metode yang digunakan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan suatu masalah kompleks. Penggunaan Fuzzy adalah untuk mengakomodir sifat samar ( uncertainty ) yang terjadi ketika mengambil keputusan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang sudah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode fuzzy AHP dan penilaian menggunakan rating scale didapatkan bahwa PT CMP Indonesia memperoleh nilai sebesar 0,4673 dengan masing-masing nilai untuk kriteria kualitas sebesar 0,2803, kriteria pengiriman sebesar 0,1178, kriteria harga sebesar 0,2748, kriteria pelayanan sebesar 0,2085, dan kriteria performansi sebesar 0,1186. Dari hasil nilai tersebut PT CMP Indonesia merupakan supplier terbaik untuk bahan baku metallic box . Kata kunci :Pemilihan supplier , Analytic Hierarchy Process, Fuzzy, Supply Chain Management
The Turmell-Meter: In Vivo Ankle Kinematics by Using Draw-Wire and Inertial Sensors

Objective: To implement a prototype specific for human ankle kinematics studies in limited spaces, immobile, or lying down patients. Based on anatomy and anthropometry, using a screw theory model, draw-wire and inertial sensors were employed Methods: We included ankle injury studies to highlight the importance of measuring the in vivo range of motion; we studied the ankle anatomy, biomechanics, and anthropometry to estimate the size and movements of the device. We simulated the biaxial representation of ankle motion through the product of exponential mapping. Finally, we designed a structure based on trilateration by projecting tetrahedrons, an acquisition circuit with firmware and calibration software. Results: The prototype has two main parts: support and adjustable platform. We proposed a method to find the position by projecting three apexes on the base using draw-wire sensors, an acquisition board, a single-board computer, a display, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and two inertial measurement units. The power source had battery backup with boost and buck converters. Conclusion: We proposed an ankle model in the screw theory framework, a method for localization, and a novel device for in vivo measurements specific for lying patients on a bed, the ground, outdoors, or remote locations without complex setups. The double-battery management is robust and long lasting. Significance: The device is an alternative for measuring the range of motion in laying down patients. We will use it in modeling, diagnosis, and rehabilitation.
Visual Role Mining Using Adviser and Extraction Algorithm in Business Environment

This paper offers a new visualization approach to Role based Access Control mentioned to as Visual Role Mining. The main idea is to reduce the query generation time in the databases. So that it will provide a text file retrieval model instead of query in databases. First it formally converts the data in the databases to some text files. By the help of ADVISER algorithm and BicOverlapper tool, the data will be converted to some picture formats. Later on the entire data will be extracted by the help of an Extraction algorithm. The algorithm also helps to convert the data into appropriate visual representations which supports role engineering process. Keywords—Role Based Access Control, Visual Role Mining, Visual Representation.
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF PAVEMENT DAMAGE DUE TO HEAVIER LOADS ON LOUISIANA HIGHWAYS

The current study makes a preliminary assessment of the impact of increasing the gross vehicle weight (GVW) from current legal limits to 100,000 lb (45,360 kg) on vehicles hauling sugarcane, rice, timber, and cotton. Sample sections of road in each area of the state where the commodities are hauled were identified, the amount of each commodity hauled on the road estimated, and the effect of increasing the GVW evaluated for each section of road using pavement design models. Design data were secured from the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development computer database and project files to determine the pavement design parameters and traffic estimates for each road. The number of vehicles hauling the 1998 harvest payload was estimated, the projected increase in the production of each commodity was based on government statistics, and rehabilitations were designed using the 1986 AASHTO Design Guide for a 20 year analysis period. Net present worth (NPW) was calculated for each GVW scenario for each roadway. Comparisons of NPW between the weight scenarios showed that increases in GVW have more effect on Louisiana state and US highways than on interstate highways. Any elevation in GVW over current limits increases the cost of overlays and decreases the length of the time before an overlay is required. The cost increase due to raising the GVW is substantial. Fee structures need to be modified by the legislature to pay for these costs through the current registration and overweight permit fee structure or some new tax such as a ton-mile tax.
Occurrence and diversity of CRISPRs in Laribacter hongkongensis isolates from animals, environment and diarrhea patients in southern China

Background Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins are functional elements of archaea and bacteria, and they form the genetic barrier that reduces the transformation of horizontal genes by an unknown mechanism. Results we searched for CRISPRs in 118 Laribacter hongkongensis strains isolated from patients, animals, and water reservoirs. Two CRISPR loci, designated CRISPR4.1 and CRISPR4.2, were identified in L. hongkongensis strains. A CRISPR4.1/cas system was detected in 91.5% (108/118) of the isolates and belonged to the I-F/Ypest subtype of CRISPR/cas systems, while the remaining ten strains only possessed cas genes without the CRISPR4.1 array. The CRISPR4.2 locus was an orphan locus and existed in 72.0% (85/118) L. hongkongensis strains. Meanwhile, a total of 2562 spacers and 980 unique spacers, arranged in 77 alleles, were found, including 1613 (579 unique, 40 alleles) for CRISPR4.1 and 949 (401 unique, 37 alleles) for CRISPR4.2. The results showed that limited spacers had matches in the plasmid (34), phage (19) and bacteria chromosomal sequences (4) from GenBank databases. Consequently, we found the diversity and activity of CRISPRs from human and frog isolates were closer and higher, respectively, than those of the fish isolates. Conclusions CRISPR4.1 and CRISPR4.2 exist extensively in L. hongkongensis and belong to the I-F/Ypest subtype. Our results indicate that the CRISPR4.1/cas system is a functional unit, and CRISPR4.2 is perhaps a degenerated and nonfunctional locus. Considering that the CRISPR4.1 locus is relatively active, diverse, and conserved at different levels, the biological functions, types, and epidemiological characteristics of CRISPR loci may be worth studying.
Extensive air showers

A computerised 8-channel data acquisition unit constructed by the Durham University Microprocessor Unit is described and the calibration of this unit is given in chapter 2. A test for the data acquisition unit using a Geiger-Mul1er cosmic ray telescope is described in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4 the main experiment is described. Two plastic scintillation counters each of 0.4 area and 5cm thick in coincidence were used in this experiment to measure the density spectrum of electrons at sea level in the range 20 - 600 electrons per m(^2). The microcomputer data acquisition system is employed to record the scintillator pulse heights. The measured integral density spectrum has been used to calculate the integral size spectrum at sea level. A brief description of the theory of electron-photon cascades and the formation of extensive are showers is give in Chapter 5.A FORTRAN program which uses Monte Carlo method to simulate extensive air showers generated by high energy protons with a given energy is described in Chapter 6. Using the relation between primary energy and average number of electrons arriving at sea level found by Monte Carlo calculation in Chapter 6 an estimate has been made of the integral primary energy spectrum in the range lO(^14)-lQ(^16)eV, and the result is given in Chapter 7.
Field guide to visual and ophthalmic optics

Visual optics requires an understanding of both biology and optical engineering. This Field Guide assembles the anatomy, physiology, and functioning of the eye, as well as the engineering and design of a wide assortment of tools for measuring, photographing, and characterizing properties of the surfaces and structures of the eye. Also covered are the diagnostic techniques, lenses, and surgical techniques used to correct and improve human vision.
MOTIVATEME!: AN ALEXA SKILL TO SUPPORT HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS WITH AUTISM

The rate of successful completion of studies for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Higher Education (HE) is only 40%, which is lower than that for many other students with disabilities. This is caused by a series of challenges encountered by this population in HE. This paper reports on research studies which identified the top challenges faced by HE students with ASD and explored how a Skill (a custom application) for Amazon Alexa Echo Show (AAES) can be designed to support them in overcoming these challenges. A Skill named MotivateMe! was implemented in two iterations for the AAES. During the evaluation study of MotivateMe! , the Skill was perceived by students and experts as being appropriate for students with ASD to deal with distractions and to motivate them to study (which were identified as being the top challenges).