Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Butterfly species diversity and their floral preferences in the Rupa Wetland of Nepal

Abstract Floral attributes often influence the foraging choices of nectar‐feeding butterflies, given the close association between plants and these butterfly pollinators. The diversity of butterflies is known to a large extent in Nepal, but little information is available on the feeding habits of butterflies. This study was conducted along the periphery of Rupa Wetland from January to December 2019 to assess butterfly species diversity and to identify the factors influencing their foraging choices. In total, we recorded 1535 individuals of 138 species representing all six families. For our examination of butterfly–nectar plant interactions, we recorded a total of 298 individuals belonging to 31 species of butterfly visiting a total of 28 nectar plant species. Overall, total butterfly visitation was found to be significantly influenced by plant category (herbaceous preferred over woody), floral color (yellow white and purple preferred over pink), and corolla type (tubular preferred over nontubular). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the proboscis length of butterflies and the corolla tube length of flowers. Examining each butterfly family separately revealed that, for four of the families (Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae), none of the tested factors (flower color, plant category, and corolla type) were shown to significantly influence butterfly abundance at flowers. However, Hesperidae abundance was found to be significantly influenced by both flower color (with more butterflies observed at yellow flowers than purple) and flower type (with more butterflies observed at tubular flowers than nontubular flowers). Our results reveal that Rupa Lake is a suitable habitat for butterflies, providing valuable floral resources. Hence, further detailed studies encompassing all seasons, a greater variety of plants, and other influential factors in different ecological regions are fundamental for creating favorable environments to sustain important butterfly pollinators and help create balanced wetland ecosystems.
The reliability of a linear position transducer and commercially available accelerometer to measure punching velocity in junior boxing athletes

Limited evidence exists demonstrating reliability of using direct measures to quantify punching velocity. The aim of this study was to establish the intra- and inter-day reliability of a linear positional transducer (GymAware) and accelerometer (PUSH Band 2.0) for the quantification of peak punching velocity in trained junior boxing athletes. Eighteen males aged 16.7 years (±1.2) with at least two years of boxing experience participated in the study. On two separate days, participants performed five dominant-hand crosses with maximal effort. Ordinary least-products regression analysis was used to compare mean and maximum peak velocity scores between devices within each day of testing. Two-way mixed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) and Pearson’s r with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also used to compare mean and maximum peak velocity within devices across days. Maximum peak (∼7.5 ms vs. ∼6.2 ms) and mean peak (∼7.0 ms vs. 5.4 ms) velocity was higher when measured via GymAware compared to PUSH Band 2.0 on both days (all P ≤ 0.012). The within-device mean (ICC3,1 = 0.871, 95%CI = 0.689, 0.950) and maximum (ICC3,1 = 0.853 95%CI = 0.650, 0.942) peak velocity scores for the GymAware across Days 1 and 2 demonstrated very high reliabilities. Mean (ICC3,1 = 0.309, 95%CI = –0.170, 0.670) and maximum (ICC3,1 = 0.227, 95%CI = –0.173, 0.637) peak velocity for PUSH Band 2.0 demonstrated weak reliabilities. Proportional bias was found for Day 2 mean and maximum peak velocity and when both days were pooled. Fixed bias was observed for mean (Day 1) and maximum peak velocity when both days were pooled. These results may provide useful information for professionals working with boxing or combat-sport athletes.
Normal table of Xenopus laevis.

(DAUDIN). Edited by P. D. Nieuwkoop and J. Faber. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam. 1956: 243 pp., 10 pls. $6.00. -This is an excellent short but remarkably complete summary of the embryology of this African frog that has become a laboratory animal. Though initiated and edited at the Hubrecht Laboratory of Utrecht, Holland, it has involved the collaboration of 20 distinguished scientists on three continents. A short chapter by H. W. Parker recounts the taxonomic history and current classification of the genus. Another chapter is a brief discussion of the ecology of X. laevis, normal and induced spawning and the rearing of tadpoles. The remaining chapters concisely describe first early embryology, then organogenesis and finally list and characterize the stages of normal development. Each stage or organ system is treated by an expert. There is a very useful 44 page bibliography of Anuran development arranged by special topics. REVIEWS AND COMMENTS 65
Late canopy closure delays senescence and promotes growth of the spring ephemeral wild leek (Allium tricoccum)

Spring ephemerals take advantage of the high light conditions in spring to accumulate carbon reserves through photosynthesis before tree leaves unfold. Recent work has reported delayed leaf senescence under constant light availability in some spring ephemerals, such as wild leek (Allium tricoccum). This paper aims to establish whether tree canopy composition and phenology can influence the growth of spring ephemerals through changes in their phenology. Wild leek bulbs were planted in 31 plots in southern Quebec, Canada, under canopies varying in composition and densities. Light availability and tree phenology were measured, along with other environmental conditions, and their effect on the growth of wild leeks was assessed with a redundancy analysis. Higher light availability resulted in better growth of wild leeks. The plants postponed their senescence under trees with late bud-burst, and thus better bulb growth and seed production were achieved. The tree litter and temperature and moisture levels of the.
The characteristics of combustion reactions involving thermite under different shell materials

To study the influence of tubular shell materials on the combustion of thermite, numerical simulations and experimental comparisons of the combustion efficiencies of thermite with PVC and stainless-steel shell materials were carried out. The thermal conductivity coefficient and heat radiation correlation coefficient of a shell material directly affect heat transfer during a heat-transfer process, that is, the lower the thermal conductivity and the higher the heat radiation reflectance coefficient, the lower the heat flux through the material and the less heat is lost. The experimental results show that compared with the stainless-steel tube material, the temperature distribution of thermite is more concentrated and the effect of melting through a steel target plate is more apparent when PVC is used as the shell material. The simulation results show that thermite in the PVC shell can produce a higher temperature, reaching 2200 °C at the loading port and 1700 °C on the steel target plate, which is maintained for 0.9 s. However, the corresponding maximum temperatures for the stainless-steel shell are only 2000 °C and 1500 °C, not yet reaching the melting point of the steel plate. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental phenomena. This work is of great significance for improving the design of thermite shells, enhancing performance, and guiding future combustion process research.
Étude de l’interaction physique entre le champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor S238N et la bactérie auxiliaire de la mycorhization Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6

Dans les sols, les champignons ectomycorhiziens (ECM) forment une symbiose tres repandue avec les racines des arbres et contribuent ainsi a leur croissance et a leur sante. Des etudes anterieures ont montre que certaines bacteries pouvaient influencer positivement la symbiose entre les ECM et les arbres, appelees BAM pour Bacteries Auxiliaires de la Mycorhization. Les mecanismes de l’effet auxiliaire des BAM sont encore peu connus. En amont de cette these, il avait ete montre in vitro que la BAM Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6 formait des structures similaires a des biofilms sur les hyphes de l'ECM Laccaria bicolor. Dans ce contexte, afin d'enrichir les connaissances concernant les interactions entre les ECM et les BAM, cette these a porte sur l'interaction physique entre ces deux organismes. L'etude a en partie ete realisee via une methode d'analyse par microscopie confocale, developpee durant cette these. Les resultats obtenus ont montre que cette bacterie formait des biofilms localises preferentiellement sur la region apicale des colonies de l'ECM ce qui pourrait indiquer une interaction trophique. L'existence d'une telle interaction a d'ailleurs par la suite ete confirmee. Les resultats ont egalement montre que l'interaction physique entre Laccaria bicolor et BBc6 n'est pas specifique puisque l'ensemble des treize autres souches bacteriennes testees a forme des biofilms sur les hyphes de Laccaria bicolor. En revanche, BBc6 s'est montree incapable de former des biofilms sur certains champignons appartenant aux Ascomycetes, suggerant des mecanismes d'inhibition. De plus, l'etude de la matrice des biofilms formes par BBc6 a revele la presence de reseaux de filaments constitues d'ADN qui semblent structurer ces biofilms et qui ont aussi ete observes chez l'ensemble des souches bacteriennes testees. Ces resultats revelent un role structural de la molecule d'ADN qui, bien qu'il semble repandu, n'a que peu ete reporte jusqu'a present. Enfin, il a ete montre que des mutants de BBc6 qui ont perdu leur effet auxiliaire forment des biofilms differents de la souche sauvage sur une surface abiotique suggerant un lien potentiel entre l'effet auxiliaire et la formation de biofilms
Applicants’ pre-test reactions towards video interviews: the role of expected chances to demonstrate potential and to use nonverbal cues

ABSTRACT Technological innovations, among which the use of video interviews in personnel selection, are welcomed by organizations for reasons such as reductions in cost and time and the ability to reach a more global labour market. The literature to date suggests that applicants do not share this enthusiasm and feel less attracted towards organizations that use video interviews versus face-to-face interviews. In this study, we extended the literature by studying pre- instead of post-test reactions and testing two explanatory mechanisms, namely expected chances to demonstrate potential and to use nonverbal cues. In a first within-subjects experiment among 38 students, the results of two t-tests showed that participants preferred the face-to-face interview above the video interview and that they expected lower chances to demonstrate potential and to use nonverbal cues in the video interview. In a second between-subjects experiment among 121 potential job seekers, these results were partially replicated. The results of a t-test and a mediation bootstrap analysis with PROCESS showed a significant indirect effect of interview medium on organizational attraction via expected chances to demonstrate potential but not via expected opportunities to use nonverbal communication. This study has important practical implications for organizations in the current context of talent shortages.
Semantic Change in Portuguese: Considering Cerrado and Vereda

This paper highlights the process by which meaning instantiates itself in word formation and discusses how semantic change installs subsequently in them, in this case, the Portuguese words cerrado and vereda . These two words have long individual histories that can be tracked back to their Latin or Celtic etymons, cerrado rooted in the origin of the Latin verb serāre , which gave origin to the Portuguese verb cerrar (to close, to seal) and vereda (narrow path) derived from the Latin word veredus (horse), which has its root in the Celtic word voredos . Yet, in the modern Brazilian context, Cerrado designates a particular ecosystem, the second largest biome in the country, that of short, closely-packed trees and foliage, and Vereda , a verdant subsystem of the same ecosystem. The discussion tracks the linguistic movement to arrive at these current meanings, showing how understanding the “history” of a word helps to understand both the uniqueness of its morpho-phonological and semantic constitution, as well as that of its relationship with the object it designates in the empirical world.
A gold nanostar-based SERS platform for point-of-care diagnostics of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriacae

The ever-increasing spread and emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to global public health. With the existence of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) produced by the Klebsiella Pneumoniae bacteria, it renders the use of carbapenems, the last-resort class of β-lactam antibiotics, useless against combating against bacterial infections. Such infections reduce the ability to treat complex infections due to the lack of antibiotic options for treatment, leading to CRE-associated mortalities. Current methods of detection, like CarbaNP test and Modified Hodge’s Test, have significant limitations in that the time taken for detection of carbapenemase activity ranges between hours to days, and are non-specific in detecting the specific phenotype, making it challenging to isolate patients rapidly and to devise appropriate treatment for infected patients. We propose a methodology by utilising Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to study bacterial β-lactamase activity. This is done via the use of gold nanostars (AuNS), which have reported excellent SERS properties, conjugated with a β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxole, as a proof-of-concept study to analyse the changes in the SERS spectra associated with cleavage of the β-lactam ring upon interaction with the New Delhi Metalloproteinase (NDM)- producing Escherichia coli (Class B β-lactamase). We are able to obtain detection of carbapenemase activity within 25 minutes, with the associated changes in SERS spectra being diminishing of SERS peaks at 1358cm-1 and 1495cm-1. This project can be further extended to study the activity of other classes of β-lactamases and other β-lactam antibiotics to improve this state of technology for potential adoption by healthcare institutions.
The AKAP220 signaling complex regulates renal aquaporin-2 localization

The AKAP220 signaling complex regulates renal aquaporin-2 localization Jennifer Lee Whiting Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor John D. Scott Department of Pharmacology A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) localize signaling molecules such as kinases and phosphatases in close proximity to their substrates to control the scope and duration of second messenger responses. AKAP220 is a ubiquitously expressed, 220-kilodalton protein that anchors protein kinase A (PKA), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Although AKAP220 has been implicated in promoting cortical actin polymerization, little is currently known about the biological function of this signaling complex. To gain insight toward this question, we used biochemical and cell based assays to explore the kinase anchoring dynamics of AKAP220. We discovered that AKAP220 preferentially anchors catalytically active GSK3β within a 17-amino acid linear region containing a required GSK3β phosphosite. We also identified a novel PKA anchoring helix in the amino terminus of AKAP220 and characterize the isoform-binding properties of both PKA sites. Within the complex, activation of anchored PKA inhibits GSK3β activity and opposes its binding to AKAP220. Using Cre-lox technology, we produced a global AKAP220 knockout mouse model to study the functional role of AKAP220 in vivo. We find that loss of AKAP220 causes a urine-diluting deficit in response to acute water loading. Based on immunostaining experiments, we propose that this phenotype is caused by the abnormal accumulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) at the apical plasma membrane of renal principal cells. This mislocalization is consistent with our pulldown assays detecting a decrease in GTPbound (active) RhoA in AKAP220 knockout kidneys.
An overview of Betanodavirus and perspective of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) disease in Iranian southern waters

The Persian Gulf and its shores are important and strategic areas with a large variety of fish species. Betanodavirus infection is known to be a serious threat to susceptible fish and causing economic damages to the fisheries and fishing industry. Concerning to isolation and confirmation of VNN virus in the Mullet fish (Chelon aurata and C. saliens) in the Caspian Sea and its damages on Mullet stock, probably transmission of VNN could be hazardous in marine fish industry such as cage culture. So, the aim of this article was to characterize the distribution of the Betanodavirus in Iranian southern waters and its transmission. Finally, the issues of the transmission of Betanodavirus infection between the wild and farmed fish of different regions of the Persian Gulf is discussed. The probability of the emergence of viral epidemics and even new and virus-resistant hosts has been investigated whereby the monitoring and surveillance program for tracing the disease and the detection of the Betanodavirus presence is required before clinical signs occur in the near future. Meanwhile, screening of various species of susceptible fish and the identification of the viral carriers as a strategic approach is recommended. In fact, Eco- epidemiological studies are needed and all efforts should be focused on control and prevention of probably virus contamination in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea waters as one of the strategic points in the world.
Electronic anti‐injection effect for carbonyl in anchor group based on diphenylacetylene D2‐π‐A sensitizer in dye‐sensitized solar cells

Up to now, in developing organic molecules for dye‐sensitized solar cells, the determining role of acceptors has not yet received enough attention. Herein, three novel sensitizers were prepared with D2‐π‐A structure, following cyanoacetic acid, acetic acid, and rhodanine‐3‐acetic acid as the acceptors, respectively. It was found that the thiocarbonyl and carbonyl groups, which are separated by two atoms with carboxyl group, effectively promoted molecular light harvesting, intramolecular charge transfer, and improved energy level matching, but a significant electron‐blocking effect occurred, which limited the enhancement of photoelectric conversion performance with rhodanine‐3‐acetic acid. From PT‐1 to PT‐3, the power conversion efficiency decreased sharply from 5.27% to 2.70%. As a result, an electronic anti‐injection effect of electron‐drawing unit in the anchor group compared with cyanoacetic acid was found for the development of organic sensitizer design.
An Improved Computerized Ionospheric Tomography Model Fusing 3-D Multisource Ionospheric Data Enabled Quantifying the Evolution of Magnetic Storm

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric tomography is a typical ill-posed problem. Joint inversion with external observation data is one of the effective ways to mitigate the problem. In this article, by fusing 3-D multisource ionospheric data, and improving the stochastic model, an improved GNSS tomographic algorithm MFCIT [computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) using mapping function] is presented. The accuracy of the algorithm is validated by selected data under different geomagnetic and solar conditions acquired in Europe. The results show that the estimated, statistically significant uncertainty for each of the layers is about 0.50–3.0TECU, with the largest absolute error within 6.0TECU. The advantage of the MFCIT is that it is based on the Kalman filter, which enables efficient near real-time 3-D monitoring of ionosphere. The temporal resolution can reach ~1 min level. Here, we apply the ionospheric tomography inversion to the magnetic storm on January 7, 2015, in the European region, and quantified the evolution of the storm. The results show that the difference of the core region between the MFCIT and CODE GIM is less than 1TECU. More importantly, during the initial phase of the storm, when the ionospheric disturbance is not evident in the single layer CODE GIM model, the MFCIT shows obvious positive disturbances in the upper ionosphere, although there is no disturbance in the F2 layer. The MFCIT further tracks the evolution of the magnetic storm that the ionospheric disturbance expands from the upper to the lower ionosphere layers, and at UT12:00, the disturbance continues to spread to the F2 layer.
Proliferation of HIV-infected renal epithelial cells following virus acquisition from infected macrophages.

OBJECTIVES HIV-1 can infect and persist in different organs and tissues, resulting in the generation of multiple viral compartments and reservoirs. Increasing evidence supports the kidney as such a reservoir. Previous work demonstrated that HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells transfer virus to renal tubule epithelial (RTE) cells through cell-to-cell contact. In addition to CD4+ T-cells, macrophages represent the other major target of HIV-1. Renal macrophages induce and regulate inflammatory responses and are critical to homeostatic regulation of the kidney environment. Combined with their ability to harbor virus, macrophages may also play an important role in the spread of HIV-1 infection in the kidney. DESIGN AND METHODS Multiparametric histochemistry analysis was performed on kidney biopsies from individuals with HIV-1 associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Primary monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with a (GFP)-expressing replication competent HIV-1. HIV-1 transfer from macrophages to RTE cells was carried out in a co-culture system and evaluated by fluorescence-microscopy and flow-cytometry. Live imaging was performed to assess the fate of HIV-1 infected RTE cells over time. RESULTS We show that macrophages are abundantly present in the renal inflammatory infiltrate of individuals with HIVAN. We observed contact-dependent HIV-1 transfer from infected macrophages to both primary and immortalized renal cells. Live imaging of HIV-1 infected RTE cells revealed four different fates: proliferation, hypertrophy, latency and cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that macrophages may play a role in the dissemination of HIV-1 in the kidney and that proliferation of infected renal cells may contribute to HIV-1 persistence in this compartment.