Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of a MultiBeam Antenna Using a Genetic Algorithm

The control of an area coverage multi-beam antenna in the presence of interference is a real-time problem which requires an quick solution, with the possibility of further refinement if time permits. The objective is to maximize some objective function related to antenna gain over as much of the service area as possible; this problem exhibits high dimensionalilty, along with a complicated functional relationship. Previously, a simulated annealing algorithm had been used to optimize the performance of one such antenna, the MILSATCOM satellite main antenna. This thesis investigates the use of a genetic algorithm as means of solving this difficult optimization problem, and examines the performance of the algorithm as a function of its control parameters. Thesis leader: Prof. Wallace E. Vander Velde Title: Professor of Aeronautics & Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology ~ I_~ I_
Relevance of financial reporting systems : single-bottom line or triple-bottom line

Traditional financial reporting systems have geared towards the single-bottom line reporting in the form of profitability. However, there are arguments that corporate reporting systems should not just dwell on a single-bottom line but should be reported upon on three elements comprising economic/financial, social and environmental elements that constitute the triple-bottom line. This study aimed at empirically researching on what current practices corporate business executives and financial managers deploy in their corporate financial reporting systems. The focus of the study was on the assessment of the relevance of either the single-bottom line or triple-bottom line reporting systems within an African framework. Data was collected using the structured questionnaire that was administered across different countries from Southern Africa. The study results reveal that a sustainability (triple-bottom line) reporting system has been embraced by many organisations in Africa. The study findings suggest that there is a need to review and redesign accounting and financial principles and policies so that they are aligned with the emerging triple-bottom line reporting system requirements. The study findings will be of much relevance to academics, researchers and industry practitioners. Key words: Africa, financial reporting, Malawi, profitability, stakeholders, sustainability, triple-bottom line.
Jet Radiation Properties of 4C +49.22: from the Core to Large-scale Knots

4C +49.22 is a γ-ray flat-spectrum radio quasar with a bright and knotty jet. We investigate the properties of the core and large-scale knots by using their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Analysis of the Fermi/LAT data from 4C +49.22 over the past eight years reveals a long-term steady γ-ray emission component besides bright outbursts. For the core region, the γ-ray emission together with the simultaneous emission in the low-energy bands at different epochs is explained with the single-zone leptonic model. The derived magnetization parameters and radiation efficiencies of the radio-core jet decrease as the γ-ray flux decays, likely indicating that a large part of the magnetic energy is converted to the kinetic energy of particles on a parsec scale. For the large-scale knots, their radio–optical–X-ray SEDs can be reproduced with the leptonic model by considering the inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons. The sum of the predicted γ-ray fluxes of these knots is comparable to that observed with LAT at ∼1024 Hz of the steady γ-ray component, indicating that the steady γ-ray emission may be partially contributed by these large-scale knots. This may conceal the flux variations of the low-level γ-ray emission from the radio core. The derived bulk Lorentz factors of the knots decrease with increasing distance from the core, illustrating the deceleration of the jet on a large scale. The powers of the core and knots are roughly of the same order, but the jet changes from highly magnetized in the core region to particle-dominated in the large-scale knots.
J an 2 01 8 DistributedEvent-TriggeredControl forAsymptotic SynchronizationofDynamicalNetworks ⋆

This paper studies synchronization of dynamical networks with event-based communication. Firstly, two estimators are introduced into each node, one to estimate its own state, and the other to estimate the average state of its neighbours. Then, with these two estimators, a distributed event-triggering rule (ETR) with a dwell time is designed such that the network achieves synchronization asymptotically with no Zeno behaviours. The designed ETR only depends on the information that each node can obtain, and thus can be implemented in a decentralized way.
Establishment of Porcine Embryonic Stem-like Cells from Parthenogenetic and in vivo Derived Embryos

The study was conducted to examine the effect of different parthenogenetic activation (PA) protocols on developmental competence and quality of embryos, and to establish the parthenogenetic embryonic stem (ptES)-like cells in pigs. Compacted cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from porcine ovaries and then cultured in M199-medium. After 44 hrs of culture, matured MII-oocytes were selected and divided into three groups. Oocytes in each group were stimulated with three different activation protocols as protocol I: 1.36 kV/cm, 30 μsec, 2 pulses; protocol II: 1.50 kV/cm, 60 μsec, 2 pulses and protocol III: 1.0 kV/cm, 80 μsec, 3 pulses, and followed by exposure to 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) for 4 hrs. The development to blastocyst stage at day 7 was significantly greater in protocol III-activated oocytes (31.88%) than in protocol I- and II-activated oocytes (2.83% and 25.88%, respectively; p<0.05), however, no significant difference in the mean number of blastocyst cells among the groups. Subsequently, whole ZP-free blastocysts produced from protocol III were cultured on STO feeder layers to evaluate the establishment of ES cells by comparing them with those produced in vivo. No forming of primary ES-like colonies was found in PA group comparing with in vivo group (0% and 25%, respectively; p<0.05). The primary colonies derived from in vivo blastocysts showed typical morphology of ES cells, meanwhile revealed positive AP activity. In conclusion, our study indicates that pig ES-like cells can be established from in vivo produced blastocysts and their blastocysts formation was optimal when three 80-msec consecutive pulses of 1.0 kV/cm was used, however, the high quality of blastocysts in term of the number of ICMs is a crucial criterion to lead the success of ptES-like cells establishments.
Dimensions in acculturation : One, two, or many?

Psychological acculturation refers to the changes and stabilities in psychological functioning after migration. An overview is presented of models that have been proposed in the literature about the structure of acculturation. Historically, the shift has been from one- to two- to multidimensional models. The models are described and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. It is argued that the shift to two- and more recently multidimensional models is partly based on scientific data suggesting that simpler models do not reflect the complex reality of psychological acculturation and partly based on the changing nature of migration in the last 100 years. The old idea of migration where migrants settle in a new part of the world and never return to where they came from is now complemented by new types of often temporary migration such as found among expatriates, international seasonal laborers, and exchange students. The most recent models accommodate this changed reality.
Characterisation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-hosphate 5-kinase , Fab 1 , Drosophila melanogaster

Phosphoinositides play important roles in downregulation of growth factor receptors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), through regulation of membrane transport and multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) is required for the formation of intraluminal vesicles in MVBs and sorting of EGFR into these vesicles by recruiting PI(3)P binding effector proteins, such as Hrs. Another candidate effector of PI(3)P is the PI(3)P binding PI(3)P 5-kinase, FAB1, that synthesises one of the least studied phosphoinositides, PI(3,5)P2, from PI(3)P. In yeast both Vps27 (Hrs) and Fab1 are necessary for correct membrane trafficking, and display morphological defects, such as enlarged vacuoles when mutated. We describe the isolation and characterisation of the Drosophila melanogaster FAB1
Health and Wages: Panel Data Estimates Considering Selection and Endogeneity

This paper complements previous studies on the effects of health on wages by addressing the problems of unobserved heterogeneity, sample selection, and endogeneity in one comprehensive framework. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we find the health variable to suffer from measurement error and a number of tests provide evidence that selection corrections are necessary. Good health leads to higher wages for men, while there appears to be no significant effect for women. Contingent on the method of estimation, healthy males earn between 1.3 percent and 7.8 percent more than those in poor health.
Ecological Citizenship Scale Development Study

Ecologigal citizenship is a type of citizenship that encourages individuals, communities and organizations as citizens of the world to consider environmental rights and responsibilities. When the literature is examined, it is seen that there are four most emphasized dimensions of ecological citizenship. These are responsibility, sustainability, rights and justice and participation. It is only possible to raise people as ecological citizen by educational activities. For this reason, measuring of the level of teachers’ ecological citizenship is crucial. It is also found that there is no scale aiming to assess the level of teachers’ ecological citizenship, so the goal of this study is determined to develop a scale measuring the ecological citizenship of teacher candidates. After analyzing the related studies and literature in this field, a trial form of the scale was developed with 53 items which are graded as 5 point Likert Scale. After the development of the scale, it was presented to the experts’ opinions to analyze the content and face validity of the scale, and according to the experts’ ideas, nine items were discarded from the scale. In order to gather evidence for the validity and reliability of the scale, the scale form of 44 items was applied to a total of 532 teacher candidates who were studying in different branches in the 2016-2017 Education Year Spring Semester. As for item analyis, the item total correlations were calculated and item analysis based on the lower and upper 27 % group was performed. In order to investigate the structural validity of the scale, Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed. As a result of these analyzes, a final scale with a 4- factor structure consisting of 24 items and accounting for 49.811% of the total variance has been reached. These factors have been named as Participation, Sustainability, Responsibility, Right and Justice. In the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Ecological Citizenship Scale, it has been found that the proposed model has been verified and the model-data fit is perfect level. For the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach- Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient was calculated fot the whole acle and acoording to the factors. According to this, the Cronbach-Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient for the whole scale was found as 0.901. The coefficients as for factors were estimated like that: 0.865 for Participation, 0.762 for Sustainability, 0.745 for Responsibility and 0.636 for Rights and Justice. All these findings have showed that the Ecological Citizenship Scale is a valid and reliable scale for the teacher candidates.
Turkey's tourism policies in the period of planned development

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tourism policies of Turkey in the period of planned development which started in 1963. It is a descriptive study in terms of purpose and a qualitative study in terms of data. The data were obtained from secondary sources and analyzed using descriptive analysis technique. According to the five-year development plans and the Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023 document, Turkey's tourism policies have been created economically. In particular, the first four plans have often emphasized the economic orientation of tourism and mass tourism. The fifth plan highlighted the diversification of tourism, while the sixth plan highlighted the participation of the local community in tourism. The seventh plan aims to meet the expectations of local people and tourists with a competitive and productive tourism economy. The eighth, ninth and tenth plans have emphasized that the investments paying attention to physical and cultural environment should be supported for spread of tourism all over the country and year. Moreover, in the last three development plans and Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023 document, the participation of different stakeholders in decision mechanisms and focusing on the tourism types generating more tourism revenue policies have been adopted.
Tightening Credit Standards: Fact or Fiction?

Over the latest twenty years, the average credit rating of U.S. corporations has trended down. This observation has been interpreted as evidence that rating agencies have been tightening credit standards. More formally, Blume et al. (1998) model the credit rating process by an ordered probit regression and indeed find that the annual intercept, reflecting the average credit rating, has been drifting down, holding the effect of other variables constant. We extend the analysis in several ways. First, we find that this trend does not apply to speculative-grade issuers. Second, we account for structural shifts in investment-grade issuers that could rationally explain this decrease in ratings. Explanations include a shift away from utilities, which are generally less risky than other industries, increasing volatility of market values, and increased manipulation of accounting data. We find that the informativeness of accounting data decreased and that earnings management increased for investment-grade firms, but not for speculativegrade firms. After accounting for all of these effects, we find that the intercept remains stable for both samples, thus providing no support for the view that rating agencies have tightened their credit standards. JEL Classifications: G14-Information and Market Efficiency, G32-Financing Policy
Chapter 2 Measurement of Loudness , Part I : Methods , Problems , and Pitfalls

It is a matter of everyday experience that sounds vary in their perceived strength, from the barely perceptible whisper coming from across the room to the overwhelming roar of a jet engine coming from the end of an airport runway. Loudness is a salient feature of auditory experience, closely associated with measures of acoustical level (energy, power, or pressure) but not identical to any of them. It is a relatively straightforward matter for a person to note whether one sound is louder or softer than another, or to rank order a set of sounds with regard to their loudness. To measure loudness, however, in the typical sense of “measuring,” requires more than just ranking the experiences from softest to loudest. It entails quantifying how much louder (e.g., determining whether the ratio or difference in the loudness of sounds A and B is greater or smaller than the ratio or difference in loudness of sounds C and D). The quantitative measurement of loudness in this sense is important both to basic research and to its applications – important to scientists seeking to understand neural mechanisms and behavioral processes involved in hearing and to scientists, engineers, and architects concerned with the perception of noise in factories and other industrial settings, in the streets of urban centers, and in residences located along flight paths and near airports. As Laird et al. (1932) wrote more than three-quarters of a century ago, in an article describing one of the earliest attempts to quantify the perception of loudness,
The Mittag-Leffler Phillips Curve

In this paper, a mathematical model containing two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function in its definition is proposed to be used for the first time to fit the relation between unemployment rate and inflation rate, also known as the Phillips curve. The Phillips curve is in the literature often represented by an exponential-like shape. On the other hand, Phillips in his fundamental paper used a power function in the model definition. Considering that the ordinary as well as generalised Mittag-Leffler function behave between a purely exponential function and a power function it is natural to implement it in the definition of the model used to fit the data representing the Phillips curve. The data of two strong European economies, France and Germany, are used for the modelling purposes.
Muntingia calabura botanical formulation for enhanced disease resistance in tomato plants against Alternaria solani

The present study successfully demonstrate the inhibitory activity of the medicinal plant, Muntingia calabura against Alternaria solani which causes early blight of tomato and proposes the development of a new botanical formulation (Muntingin 5EC) and its use in plant disease management after package and practice. This ecofriendly botanical formulation was developed from the purified antimicrobial metabolite (Stigmasterol) isolated from the methanol extract of M. calabura root. Different concentrations of Muntingin 5EC were examined on seed infection, germination and seedling vigour of tomato and it was found that two percent Muntingin 5EC increased the germination and vigour and reduced the seed infection in tomato to a significant extent. The formulation was found to possess good emulsion stability and also retain its antimicrobial activity (shelf life) for 120 days. Application of Muntingin 5EC increased the activity of enzyme such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and phenol content of tomato. Muntingin 5EC (2%) was found to be the optimum concentration for control of early blight of tomato under pot culture conditions. The root of M. calabura was found to possess good antioxidant activity. Application of this botanical formulation in plant disease management assumes special significance by being an ecofriendly and cost effective strategy, which can be used in integration with other strategies for a greater level of protection with sustained crop yields after sufficient evaluation. Key words: Alternaria solani, botanical formulation, Muntingin 5EC, plant diseases control.
A New Concept of Evaluation of the Production Assets

Abstract Production assets management in a company is a traditional function, which in the period of transition of the Polish economy gradually lost the role of co-relation with the production function to the function of marketing and sales, finance or even logistics. An efficiency was selected as the main operating criterion at the company level i.e. the ability to reach a set goal of the final activities. Technological efficiency at the level of the production station is expressed by the ratio of technological efficiency, at the level of production cell the efficiency of technology influence on efficiency of production cell. The inspiration for this paper were the new approach to company value on the market, including the value of assets, and advancement in the production technology and an appearance of modern tools.
INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS LEVELS OF SOCCER PLAYERS ACCORDING TO POSITION AND AGE VARIABLES

One hundred fifty-two soccer players participated in this study playing in A, A2 and youth teams between the ages of 14-20 (mean age 17.48 ±2.89 yrs). Measured variables of height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, flexibility, speed, agility, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, aerobic capacity were compared among the groups of playing positions which is defined as goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders and strikers and among age groups separated as ≤ 16 and ≥17 ages. The differences among positions analyzed with the One Way ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons between groups using the Bonferroni test. Age groups were compared with the independent samples t-test. Goalkeepers’ weight and height were higher than strikers and body fat percentages were higher than all other positions. In ≥17, goalkeepers 30m sprint time is slower than all other groups. The maximal oxygen uptakes of midfielders were higher than strikers. Flexibility, agility, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, recovery values were not significantly different among positions. For all these variables ≥17 had higher and better performance values than ≤16. There are no determinant performance differences among the positions except for goalkeepers. It may be profitable to evaluate goalkeepers independently from other positions. It can be said that motor and physical differences are considered to be more evaluable in more distinct periods starting with age 17 and onwards. It may be an accurate approach for deciding the players’ positions and guiding them accordingly after that age level.
Rhythm makes the world go round :

While some aspects of social processing are shared between humans and other species, some aspects are not. The former seems to apply to merely tracking another’s visual perspective in the world (i.e., what a conspecific can or cannot perceive), while the latter applies to perspective taking in form of mentally “embodying” another’s viewpoint. Our previous behavioural research had indicated that only perspective taking, but not tracking, relies on simulating a body schema rotation into another’s viewpoint. In the current study we employed Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and revealed that this mechanism of mental body schema rotation is primarily linked to theta oscillations in a wider brain network of bodyschema, somatosensory and motor-related areas, with the right posterior temporo-parietal junction (pTPJ) at its core. The latter was reflected by a convergence of theta oscillatory power in right pTPJ obtained by overlapping the separately localised effects of rotation demands (angular disparity effect), cognitive embodiment (posture congruence effect), and basic body schema involvement (posture relevance effect) during perspective taking in contrast to perspective tracking. In a subsequent experiment we interfered with right pTPJ processing using dual pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dpTMS) and observed a significant reduction of embodied processing. We conclude that right TPJ is the crucial network hub for transforming the embodied self into another’s viewpoint, body and/or mind, thus, substantiating how conflicting representations between self and other may be resolved and potentially highlighting the embodied origins of high-level social cognition in general.
Biophysical energy analyses of non-market values of the Ebro Delta

Non-market values were estimated with energy analysis under four land cover scenarios in the Ebro Delta, Spain. The market value of agriculture, the primary use value, is compared. Conversion of the natural landscape to agricultural fields has resulted in a drop in total annual non-market value from $721 million in the pristine scenario to $11 million in the present scenario. The market value of the agricultural crops has risen over time, from $10 million to almost $52 million, contributing the major portion of the total value of the Delta. However, the rate of return has decreased from the pristine to the present delta, indicating that more energy is required to produce a smaller output. Energy analyses reveal that one form of value—non-market value—is being traded for another—market value.