Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Practical Capacity of Escalators

Escalators are an essential mode of public transportation that enable people to travel vertically within a facility at a continuous, high flow rate. Despite the importance of the role of escalators in many facilities, little systematic analysis of the capacity of escalators has been conducted within the field of transportation engineering. A method is presented to calculate the practical capacity of escalators with a simulation based on pedestrian behavioral rules. The capacity of an escalator is defined traditionally only as a function of speed with speed–capacity curves defined by manufacturers or found in empirical studies. These methods do not consider pedestrian behavioral patterns and preferences such as following distance, passing aggressiveness, and other local factors. A rule-based model provides the flexibility to analyze conditions in various public facilities and to answer hypothetical research questions. Three major findings are reported. First, the practical capacity of escalators in commercial facilities such as shopping malls is significantly lower than the maximum capacity in a commuter facility such as a transit station, at only 20% to 40% of what is generally reported by manufacturers to provide for freedom of movement and pedestrian comfort. Second, the model shows that prohibition of walking on escalators can streamline operations in emergency scenarios because it reduces variability in the system and increases flow, particularly during peak periods. Finally, contrary to some claims in the literature, uphill flow on escalators operates at a lower capacity than does downhill flow because of the presence of a “facial ellipse,” the region directly in front of a pedestrian's face.
Modeling and Measurement of Stress and Strain Evolution in Cu Interconnects

The damascene fabrication method and the introduction of low‐K dielectrics present a host of reliability challenges to Cu interconnects and fundamentally change the mechanical stress state of Cu lines used as interconnects for integrated circuits. In order to capture the effect of individual process steps on the stress evolution in the BEoL (Back End of Line), a process‐oriented finite element modeling (FEM) approach was developed. In this model, the complete stress history at any step of BEoL can be simulated as a dual damascene Cu structure is fabricated. The model was calibrated with both wafer‐curvature blanket film measurements and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) measurement of metal line stress. The Cu line stress evolution was simulated during the process of multi‐step processing for dual damascene Cu/TEOS and Cu/low‐k structures. The in‐plane stress of Cu lines is nearly independent of subsequent processes, while the out‐of‐plane stress increases considerably with the subsequent process steps. The modelin.
The impact of MOSFET's physical parameters on its threshold voltage

The aim of this paper is to research the impact of physical parameters which characterize the MOSFET transistors structure on the threshold voltage value. It is also analysed the role of substrate (the body effect) on the threshold voltage. The MOSFET threshold voltage value will have influence in the dynamic and static work regime (mode) of device. Based on the results obtained we can further see impact of each single physical parameter on the total value of threshold voltage. Moreover we can see which of these parameters will have significant and small impact on the threshold voltage. Hence, considering we can adjust the values of MOSFET physical parameters to reach the accepted threshold voltage.
Applications and implementations of new media in corporate communications: An action research approach

Advances in new media and web technology are making it easier for organizations and their employees, suppliers, customers and stakeholders to participate in the creation and management of content. It is therefore, useful to understand how a corporate communication strategy can leverage these trends. Purpose; this paper discusses the take-up and use of new media in organizations, highlighting a current approach to implementation issues. Methodology/approach; we review and explore new media in organizations from three ecological layers: the social, discursive and technical, addressing who is communicating, the communication content and new media technology used. Findings; the paper recommends a customer-centered approach to implementing new media adoption in organisations using action research. Practical implications; new media and Web 2.0 services can be employed to work in tandem with conventional communication tools such as phone, fax and corporate intranets. Such a hybrid approach enables organizations to maintain and strengthen existing stakeholder relationships, but also reach out and build relationships with new stakeholders who were previously inaccessible or invisible. Research limitations/implications; academic literature is lagging behind the pace of technological change, and evaluation studies are limited.
Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (Zea mays L.) and C3 (Vigna radiata L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated Bacillus subtilis

Chromium stress is one of the deleterious abiotic factors that reduce crop production. Two anatomically different crops (C3 and C4) were compared for their chromium (0 and 50 ppm) tolerance and responses towards Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Strains of B. subtilis were exposed to UV (30–210 min) and gamma irradiation (1–4 KGy), and the best mutants were selected on petri plates containing selective markers. Maize and mungbean were supplied with selected strains or the parent strain in rooting medium, along with a nutrient broth. A completely randomized design (five replicates) was adopted using nutrient broth as a control. Stress negatively affected plants grown without strains. Mungbean was more sensitive towards stress and treatments, maize had better root and shoot fresh weights, root and shoot lengths, proline levels, and MDA and GR activity. All strains of B. subtilis (parent, γ-irradiated and UV-irradiated) enhanced proline, total soluble protein, chlorophyll a, a + b and a/b levels, with negligible effects upon antioxidant enzymes. Irradiated strains proved their superiority to the parent strain, with reductions in H2O2 and MDA content. With comparable benefits, γ and UV irradiation may be adopted in future based upon technical availability.
Efficacy of a Standardised Patient Simulation Programme for Chronicity and End-of-Life Care Training in Undergraduate Nursing Students

Background: Standardised patient simulations seem to be useful for improving the communication skills of health sciences students. However, it is important to define the effectiveness of these types of interventions in complex scenarios linked to disease chronicity and end-of-life contexts. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention measures was carried out in a single group. A total of 161 nursing students completed different assessment instruments to measure their attitudes towards communication (Attitude Toward Communication Scale), self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy of Communication Skills, SE-12), and communication skills (Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale, EHC-PS) before and after simulation training with standardised patients. The objective of the program was to train students in non-technical skills for complex situations involving chronicity and end-of-life care. It comprised eight sessions lasting 2.5 h each. Results: The results showed notable baseline gender differences in attitudes towards communication and in the informative communication dimension, with women obtaining higher scores. The participants’ self-efficacy and communication skills significantly improved after completing the intervention, with no significant differences being found for the attitudes towards communication variable. Conclusion: The standardised patient simulation programme for complex scenarios related to chronicity and end-of-life contexts improved communication self-efficacy and communication skills in these nursing students. In future work it will be important to analyse the influence of gender and attitudes towards communication as variables in the learning of communication skills in nursing students.
A Review of Modern DNA-based Steganography Approaches

In the last two decades, the field of DNA-based steganography has emerged as a promising domain to provide security for sensitive information transmitted over an untrusted channel. DNA is strongly nominated by researchers in this field to exceed other data covering mediums like video, image, and text due to its structural characteristics. Features like enormous hiding capacity, high computational power, and the randomness of its building contents, all sustained to prove DNA supremacy. There are mainly three types of DNA-based algorithms. These are insertion, substitution, and complementary rule-based algorithms. In the last few years, a new generation of DNA-based steganography approaches has been proposed by researchers. These modern algorithms overpass the performance of the old ones either by exploiting a biological factor that exists in the DNA itself or by using a suitable technique available in another field of computer science like artificial intelligence, data structure, networking, etc. The main goal of this paper is to thoroughly analyze these modern DNA-based steganography approaches. This will be achieved by explaining their working mechanisms, stating their pros and cons, and proposing suggestions to improve these methods. Additionally, a biological background about DNA structure, the main security parameters, and classical concealing approaches will be illustrated to give a comprehensive picture of the field. Keywords—Information security in bioinformatics; deoxyribonucleic acid-based steganography; modern hiding
Worst-Case Stealthy Innovation-Based Linear Attacks on Remote State Estimation Under Kullback–Leibler Divergence

With the wide application of cyber-physical systems, stealthy attacks on remote state estimation have attracted increasing research attention. Recently, various stealthy innovation-based linear attack models were proposed, in which the relaxed stealthiness constraint was based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence. This article studies existing innovation-based linear attack strategies with relaxed stealthiness and concludes that all of them provided merely suboptimal solutions. The main reason is some oversight in solving the involved optimization problems: some covariance constraints were not perfectly handled. This article provides the corresponding optimal solutions for those stealthy attacks. Both one-step and holistic optimizations of stealthy attacks are studied, and the worst-case attacks with and without zero-mean constraints are derived analytically, without the necessity to numerically solve semidefinite programming problems.
The effect of meditation on depression, anxiety, and stress in university students

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of meditation on depression, anxiety, and stress levels of university students. Design and Methods: In the study, the data were collected using personal information form and Depression, anxiety, and stress scale. The meditation group performed a 20-minute attention and awareness meditation once a week for 8 weeks. Findings: As a result of the statistical analysis, it was observed that there was no significant difference in the comparison of the anxiety, stress, and depression levels between two groups at the end of 8 weeks. Practice Implications: Consequently, it was determined that meditation was an ineffective approach for reducing the anxiety, stress, and depression levels.
Development of a TM:HO:YLF-Laser-Pumped Orientation-Patterned Galium Arsenide Optical Parametric Oscillator

Abstract : Coherent optical sources in the mid-infrared region (mid-IR) are important fundamental tools for infrared countermeasures and battlefield remote sensing. Nonlinear optical effects can be applied to convert existing near-IR laser sources to radiate in the mid-IR. This research focused on achieving such a conversion with a quasi-phase matched optical parametric oscillators using orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OPGaAs), a material that can be quasi-phased matched by periodically reversing the crystal structure during the epitaxial growth process. Although non-linear optical conversion was not ultimately achieved during this research, many valuable lessons were learned from working with this material. This thesis reviews the theory of nonlinear optics and explores the importance of accurate refractive index measurements to proper structure design. The details of four nonlinear optical experiments are presented recommendations are offered for the design of future OPGaAs crystals. Recommendations are also made for improved experimental techniques.
Residual thermal stress prediction for continuous tool-paths in wire-arc additive manufacturing: a three-level data-driven method

ABSTRACT Continuous tool-path is often chose to improve the deposition efficiency and surface accuracy of metal additive manufacturing, while it also causes large residual thermal stress, which will result in part deformation and performance degradation. This paper focused on wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with arbitrary part geometries and continuous tool-paths, and proposed a three-level data-driven method to predict the residual thermal stress filed accurately and rapidly. The first two-level of the proposed method predict the thermal field history of the whole WAAM process. The third level of the proposed method realises the residual thermal stress field prediction of WAAM based on above prediction results. Each level is based on a machine learning method, and their data were obtained based on the finite element method. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method exceeded 92%, and the time cost of one prediction process was only at the second level.
Do innovative inputs lead to different innovative outputs in mature and young firms

This paper investigates the determinants of the choice of different types of innovative input (R&D and technological acquisitions) and their relationship with different innovative outputs (product and process innovation), distinguishing between firms of different ages (mature vs young). In order to do so we apply a nonlinear structural model estimated on the third and fourth waves of the Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We find that firm and market characteristics play a distinct role in boosting different types of innovation activities for firms of different ages. In particular, while methods of appropriability and international market exposure are relevant for both forms of innovative input, cooperation in innovation activities appears to be important for increasing the level of investment in R&D but not for technological acquisition. Moreover, young firms show a higher level of sensitivity than their mature counterparts to sources of information regarding innovation when we consider the magnitude of their innovative effort. On the contrary, factors such as methods of appropriability and support for innovation appear to be more important for enhancing the level of investment in both R&D and technological acquisitions for the mature firms only. Finally, the two innovative inputs appear to be equally important in determining both forms of innovative output for the two sub-samples of firms.
Molecular docking study on phytochemicals of Azadirachta indica and their derivatives as inhibitors of type 1 3- dehydroquinate dehydratase of Salmonella typhi

Typhoid fever is more prevalent in developing countries due to poor sanitation and inappropriate use of antibiotics leading to the development of drug resistance in the bacteria. S. typhi has Type I 3 dehydroquinate dehydratase, an enzyme involved in the Shikimate pathway, which converts 3dehydroquinate to 3-dehydroshikimate. The inhibition of this enzyme will not allow the bacteria to grow. Hence in the present study an attempt has been done to determine the inhibitor activity of certain phytochemicals and their derivatives from Azadirachta indica docking studies. The 3D structure of the enzyme was downloaded from the RCSB database. The structures of hydroxy pivalic acid [pubchem id 78548], (acetyloxy) acetic acid [pubchem id 83766], germanicol [pubchem id 122857], and phytol [pubchem id 5280435] of Azadirachta indica were obtained from pubchem database. Their derivatives in 2D format were generated with the help of software ACD chemsketch. The docking of ligands was performed using AutoDock vina software using PyRx GUI. The present study concludes that the derivatives of the various phytochemicals of Azadirachta indica can be exploited to identify a potential drug candidate in the treatment of enteric fever.
A Case Study on Social Media Analytics for Malaysia Budget

Malaysia citizen always looks forward to the budget announcement, which is presented by the government each year. Due to the direct effect on the economy, the citizens' opinions are crucial in understanding what they want and whether the budget satisfies them or not. Social media analytics can gather netizens’ opinions on Twitter and conduct sentiment analysis. Most of the corpora in previous sentiment analysis research use English-based corpus. However, the current scenario of tweets in Malaysia uses a combination of EnglishMalay words. Therefore, this study uses a hybrid of the corpusbased and support vector machine approach. Semantic corpusbased combines the Malay and English words. Then, the domainspecific corpus on Malaysia Budget is constructed, which is budget corpus. Two separate analyses include category classification and sentiment analysis. Overall, most netizens have a positive sentiment about Malaysia's Budget with 56.28% of the tweets being positive sentiments. The majority of the netizens focus on social welfare and education that have the highest tweets. The discussion highlights the suggestion to improve the accuracy of this study. Keywords—Malaysia budget; twitter; social media analytics; sentiment analysis; category classification; budget corpus
Perencanaan Kapasitas Waktu Produksi Yang Optimal Dengan Menggunakan Metode Capacity Requirement Planning Di PT. Spi Surabaya

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan kapasitas waktu produksi yang optimal dengan menggunakan metode Capacity Requirement Planning pada PT. Steel Pipe Industry Of Indonesia. Variabel penelitrian ini adalah Schedule Of Planned Factor Order Release. Work Order Status, Routing Data, danWork Center. Pengumpulan diperoleh dari data dukumen di PT. SPI Surabaya, meliputi data di bagian produksi, bagian PPIC dan bagian penjualan dengan pengukuran kebutuhan kapasitas produksi. Analisis Data dilakukan dengan perhitungan perencanaan kebutuhan kapasitas atau Capacity Requirement Planning (CRP). Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada bulan juli sampai dengan bulan juni 2008 kapasitas yang tersedia sebesar 266.872 menit per tahun, sedangkan kebutuhan aktualnya 269.681 menit per tahun, dan kapasitas mesin mempunyai kekurangan kapasitas per tahunya yaitu sebesar 28.087 menit. Kata kunci : Perencanaan Kebutuhan kapasitas, Capacity Requirement Planning (CRP)
MINIMUM RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAFFIC SIGNS: SUMMARY REPORT

Currently, national guidelines regarding the nighttime visibility of signs are limited to the stipulation in the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD)" that all warning and regulatory signs be illuminated or reflectorized to show the same color and shape by day or night. There are no objective measures that can be used to determine when a sign has reached the end of its service life and needs to be replaced. This study seeks to fill that need by establishing minimum retroreflectivity requirements for traffic signs. Given the wide range of visual, cognitive, and psychomotor capabilities of the driving population and the complexity of the relationships between the driver, the vehicle, the sign, and the roadway, a mathematical modeling approach was selected. The model determines the distance at which a driver needs to see a sign, uses this distance to determine the luminance required, and then calculates the coefficient of retroreflection at standard measurement angles. This model is called Computer Analysis of Retroreflectance of Traffic Signs (CARTS). The CARTS model was executed for each sign in the MUTCD at various vehicle speeds, sign sizes, and sign placements. The results are summarized and presented in a format that can be implemented by practitioners. Retroreflectivity values are given for both yellow and orange warning signs, white on red regulatory signs, white regulatory signs, and white on green guide signs.
Noise Generation by Porous Airfoils

The noise generated by the flow around airfoils continues to be one of the important aeroacoustic noise sources. Innovative techniques for airfoil noise reduction are, therefore, of great importance. The present experimental study deals with the use of porous material for the construction of airfoils and the subsequent noise reduction. The use of such material controls the flow around the airfoil and has an influence on the sound generation. The analysis focuses on the characterization of the influence of the porous material parameters, especially the flow resistivity and the porosity, on the noise generation. Results of aeroacoustic wind tunnel tests on several porous and non-porous SD 7003 model scale airfoils are compared. Using microphone array measurements, it was found that not only the overall sound pressure level, but also the spectral characteristics depend on the parameters of the porous material. While the overall sound pressure level decreases in the order of a few decibel, at lower frequencies the reduction is considerable larger and extends 10 dB in some cases. Additionally, the influence of the material parameters on drag and lift is discussed. The aerodynamic performance of the porous airfoils is in general inferior to that of non-porous airfoils. However, there appear to be sets of material parameters that provide a considerable decrease in sound generation and only a minor degradation of aerodynamic eciency.
International Trade and Economic Misery in African Countries with Low Human Development

Puzzled by the demeaning level of poverty most African countries continue to grapple with despite their extensive participation in international trade, the study attempts to examine the encumbrances that tend to impede African countries from optimally reaping the developmental gains inherent in partaking in international trade, which seems to also worsen the economic misery the inhabitants endlessly contend with. The System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimation technique was used in the study which involves 17 African countries and spans from 1995 - 2018. While misery index is used to measure economic misery, the impact of international trade on economic misery is captured by means of its effect via economic misery, economic growth rate, balance of payment, total export, manufacture export and exchange rate. The results of the study reveal that balance of payments, total export, manufacture export, per capita GDP growth rate, exchange rate and lagged form of economic misery all have positive effect on economic misery. While the effects of total export, manufacture export, per capita GDP growth rate, and exchange rate on economic misery are significant, those of balance of payments and lagged form of economic misery are insignificant. While the study recommends that international trade be engaged strategically such that it results in favourable balance of payments, it also encourages the discarding of obsolete trade policies such as outright bans on importation of certain commodities. Bilateral trade agreements are recommended over multilateral trade agreements, since they are more mutually beneficial and binding on the parties involved