Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of Lake Trout Stocked in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario

Abstract Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush of the 1979–1990 year-classes (Lake Superior strain) were marked and stocked as fingerlings or yearlings in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario and recaptured during annual surveys with trawls and gill nets. Catches (as proportions of fish stocked) of age-2 fish by trawls and age-3 fish by gill nets were used as indices of survival. Mean survival indices of stocked fish declined over 50% from the 1980 to the 1990 year-class for fish stocked as yearlings and declined more than 90% for those stocked as fingerlings. Survival indices for fish stocked as yearlings were negatively and significantly correlated with abundance indices of large (≥550 mm total length) lake trout caught in gill nets in the year of stocking. This relation was not significant for fish stocked as fingerlings. Mean weight at stocking more than doubled for yearlings and increased by about one-third for fingerlings during this study. The increase in size at stocking may have offset what would otherwise have.
Secure Transmission with Artificial Noise in Distributed Antenna Systems and Achievable Secrecy-Rate Power Optimization

In this paper, the physical layer security is analyzed in distributed antenna systems (DAS). Firstly, we add artificial noise (AN) to the information bearing signal in order to disturb the passive eavesdropper without degrading the intended receiver's channel. Then, a power allocation (PA) problem maximizing achievable secrecy rate (SR) is formulated and transformed as a convex problem by use of Taylor expansion and am-gm inequality. At last, numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, and provide a new insight that optimal power allocation from each AP to each user can improve SR by an order of magnitude compared with equal PA proportion to AN.
A Prediction Method of Localizability Based on Deep Learning

As a basis of many missions, the accuracy of localization is highly important for mobile robots. For the generally used map matching based localization algorithms, the accuracy of localization, which is described by localizability, is greatly impacted by the environment. Consequently, this paper proposed a novel method to predict the localizability for the map matching based localization algorithms, based on the environment map. Firstly, the uncertainty of localization in map matching and dead-reckoning is analyzed based on which entropy of localization is chosen to describe the localizability instead of the generally used covariance. Next, based upon the flow chart of the map-based localization algorithm, a localizability predictor, which is composed of three different models, is designed to predict the entropy. Here a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is designed for the first model to predict the entropy of localization that comes from map matching. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is designed for the second model to predict the entropy that comes from the dead-reckoning. Finally, a Multilayer fully connected Neural Network (MNN) is designed for the last model to predict the entropy after fusing the entropy results that come from the two models described above. Both simulation results and experimental results have proven that the proposed predictor can offer a better estimator of localizability compared to other existing approaches.
Resolving the Identity of Texas Desmognathus

Abstract Dusky salamanders in Texas have long been identified as Desmognathus auriculatus (Southern Dusky Salamander). However, recent taxonomic work has challenged this notion, restricting D. auriculatus to areas east of the Apalachicola River in Florida and Georgia, while all Texas populations are now considered D. conanti. Regrettably, Texas specimens were not included in the studies upon which these proposed taxonomic changes were based. Dusky salamanders have become increasingly difficult to find in Texas and have only been observed in the state 3 times since 1980. We surveyed 18 sites of which 6 were historical localities. We found 4 extant populations of dusky salamanders at new locations in Texas, one of which was a county record. We were unable to find dusky salamanders at some historically robust populations. We also used mtDNA sequence data to verify that Texas dusky salamanders are indeed D. conanti.
Genetic diversity of African sorghum ('Sorghum bicolor' L. Moench) accessions based on microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity plays an important role in selection of parental stocks in plant breeding. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] breeding initiatives have been constrained by lack of information on genetic diversity of cultivated accessions which would otherwise guide in the choice of heterotic parents for hybridization. This study was carried out to determine genetic diversity of sorghum accessions collected from Africa and ICRISAT using simple sequence repeats (SSR) of microsatellite marker. Thirty sorghum SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 134 sorghum accessions. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus in the 134 sorghum accessions ranged between 2 to 22, with a total of 259 different alleles having been amplified. The greatest number of alleles was found at the locus 3590e705f67911e0b58c0010185a4b14 with 22 alleles. The average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) for all the assayed sorghum accessions was 0.55. Expected heterozygosity of population ranged between 2.91 for Sudan and 1.58 for Central Africa. Pairwise population comparisons for genetic identity were derived based on Nei's. Genetic identity of the populations ranged from 0.36 for Central Africa and Northern Africa to 0.93 between Eastern Africa and Rwanda. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed that 75% of the molecular variation in sorghum accessions was due to within individual populations while 25% of the total variation was partitioned among populations. There was low population differentiation due to either continuous exchange of genes between sorghum populations largely by germplasm exchange or no intense selection processes. The diversity observed within sorghum accession from Sudan and East African region could be useful in improvement of sorghum for various traits.
Automatic Cow Location Tracking System Using Ear Tag Visual Analysis

Nowadays, for numerous reasons, smart farming systems focus on the use of image processing technologies and 5G communications. In this paper, we propose a tracking system for individual cows using an ear tag visual analysis. By using ear tags, the farmers can track specific data for individual cows such as body condition score, genetic abnormalities, etc. Specifically, a four-digit identification number is used, so that a farm can accommodate up to 9999 cows. In our proposed system, we develop an individual cow tracker to provide effective management with real-time upgrading enforcement. For this purpose, head detection is first carried out to determine the cow’s position in its related camera view. The head detection process incorporates an object detector called You Only Look Once (YOLO) and is then followed by ear tag detection. The steps involved in ear tag recognition are (1) finding the four-digit area, (2) digit segmentation using an image processing technique, and (3) ear tag recognition using a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier. Finally, a location searching system for an individual cow is established by entering the ID numbers through the application’s user interface. The proposed searching system was confirmed by performing real-time experiments at a feeding station on a farm at Hokkaido prefecture, Japan. In combination with our decision-making process, the proposed system achieved an accuracy of 100% for head detection, and 92.5% for ear tag digit recognition. The results of using our system are very promising in terms of effectiveness.
Is the cross-finger flap a good option at the extensor zone defect?

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the surgical and clinical outcomes of reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flaps applied to patients with dorsal digital defects. Patients and methods Between January 2015 and September 2018, 25 (22 males, 3 females; mean age 35.6±11.6 years; range, 19 to 65 years) out of 27 patients under prospective follow-up with finger dorsal digital defect were retrospectively screened and included in the study. The data, obtained by the same two surgeons at six months postoperatively in patients who had undergone reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flaps surgery, concerned cold intolerance, a static two-point separation test, and functional results using range of motion (ROM) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scoring. Results The majority of the patients presented with occupational injury (64%), most commonly to the dominant hand (76%) and the fourth finger (36%) most frequently. Seven patients with extensor tendon defects underwent reconstruction with a palmaris longus autograft. At the six-week postoperative follow-up, all flaps were live, the donor site had no morbidity, and no additional intervention was performed. There was no statistically significant difference in finger joint ROM (p>0.05). Cold intolerance was observed in 14 patients (56%). The mean dynamic two-point distinction was 6.0±0.7 mm and the QuickDASH score was 22.3±5.0. Conclusion Due to reasons such as minimal donor site morbidity, satisfactory functional finger outcomes, and easy applicability, reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flap is a good option for reconstruction of defects in the dorsal aspect of the finger with or without extensor mechanism defects.
Selecting Outcomes to Ensure Pragmatic Trials Are Relevant to People Living with Dementia

Outcome measures for embedded pragmatic clinical trials (ePCTs) should reflect the lived experience of people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers, yet patient‐ and caregiver‐reported outcomes (PCROs) are rarely available in large clinical and administrative data sources. Although pragmatic methods may lead to use of existing administrative data rather than new data collected directly from PLWD, interventions are truly impactful only when they change outcomes prioritized by PLWD and their caregivers. The Patient‐ and Caregiver‐Reported Outcomes Core (PCRO Core) of the IMbedded Pragmatic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and AD‐Related Dementias Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory aims to promote optimal use of outcomes relevant to PLWD and their caregivers in pragmatic trials. The PCRO Core will address key scientific challenges limiting outcome measurement, such as gaps in existing measures, methodologic constraints, and burdensome data capture. PCRO Core investigators will create a searchable library of AD/AD‐related dementias (ADRD) clinical outcome measures, including measures in existing data sources with potential for AD/ADRD ePCTs, and will support best practices in measure development, including pragmatic adaptation of PCROs. Working together with other Cores and Teams within the IMPACT Collaboratory, the PCRO Core will support investigators to select from existing outcome measures, and to innovate in methods for measurement and data capture. In the future, the work of the IMPACT Collaboratory may galvanize broader embedded use of outcomes that matter to PLWD and their care partners in large health systems. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:S55–S61, 2020.
Persistence with Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation: Report from the GLORIA-AF Phase III 1-Year Follow-up

Background: We aimed to assess the extent to which drug persistence is better with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and to estimate the difference in therapy persistence depending on NOAC dosing regimen (once daily (QD) vs. twice daily (BID)). Methods: Consecutive patients were followed for 1 year in phase III of the GLORIA-AF registry. Drug persistence was defined as the use of OAC without any discontinuation in >30 days or switching to alternative therapy. Results: Among 21,109 eligible patients in phase III, 17,266 patients who were prescribed OAC at baseline and those who took ≥1 OAC dose were included. The 1-year proportion of patients receiving NOAC and VKA who persisted on treatment was 80% and 75%, respectively. The 1-year persistence with NOACs BID and NOACs QD was 81% and 80%, respectively. Female gender, hypertension, older age, alcohol use, permanent, asymptomatic, and minimally symptomatic AF were associated with better OAC persistence. Region, medication usage predisposing to bleeding, being a current smoker, treatment reimbursement, and proton pump inhibitors were associated with lower OAC persistence. Conclusions: Drug persistence was higher with NOACs (1-year persistence was 80%) than with VKAs (75%). There was little difference in 1-year persistence between NOAC dosing regimens.
Discretized Channel Access Mechanism Based on CSMA Contention and TDMA Reservation

With the rapid growth of multimedia services in ad-hoc networks, how to transmit a mass of data efficiently becomes an important problem. Aiming to achieve more efficient channel utilization in ad-hoc networks, this paper presents a channel resource allocation scheme by combining CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) with TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). In the proposed scheme, nodes are allowed to randomly access the channel and reserve timeslots for multiple times, and the access process only starts at the beginning of a timeslot. Moreover, the reservation length of each node can be adjusted adaptively according to the network load and requirements of the node. Simulation results show that the proposed approach has better performance in terms of the collision probability and throughput in distributed networks, especially in the scenarios with a heavy load and a large number of nodes.
Unsupervised Fault Diagnosis Platform Implementation for Self-Healing in Cellular Networks

Fault diagnosis is an indispensable part of self-organizing networks (SONs), which facilitates a self-healing capability. However, most of the studies concentrate more on algorithm design and numerical simulation without verification on practical platforms. In this paper, a hardware platform based on OpenAirInterface is designed and implemented to address this issue, where an enhanced unsupervised method composed of self-organizing map and hierarchical clustering is deployed for fault diagnosis. Particularly, the platform is capable of delivering performance similar to a real Long-Term Evolution network, making the algorithm verification more convincing. Our results show that the adopted algorithm can diagnose different faults in a near real-time way and results in accuracy of 97.4%.
A Control Strategy for the Prevention of Cyber-Physical Switching Attacks on Smart Grids

This paper proposes a novel switched system based control strategy to neutralize cyber enabled switching attacks on smart grids. The focus of this work revolves around demonstrating the immunity of the smart grid against attacks involving the intruder trying to switch the load that is connected to one or more generators on the grid. The work utilizes the concept of Common Lyapunov function (CLF) to maintain the transient stability under any arbitrary switching attack. The stability of the switched system is assessed using Lyapunov’s stability theory and the condition for system stability is obtained in terms of sum of square (SOS) constraints. The CLF and control gain are simultaneously estimated in the proposed approach. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is evaluated using numerical simulations, against coordinated switching attacks. It can be observed that the proposed scheme is able to maintain stable grid operation even in the presence of a cyber intrusion.
Accounting for linguistic acculturation, coping, antisociality and depressive affect in the gender role-alcohol use relationship in Mexican American adolescents: a moderated mediation model for boys and girls

Abstract Background Prior studies have established that gender roles are predictive of substance use for Mexican and Mexican American adolescents, both living in the U.S. and in Mexico. Objectives: The moderating effects of gender and acculturation and the mediating effects of antisociality, depressive affect, and adaptive and avoidant coping on the gender role-alcohol use relationship were examined in a sample of Mexican American adolescents. Methods Secondary data analyses were conducted on a sample of 955 (450 boys, 505 girls) Mexican American 7th and 8th grade adolescents participating in a school-based substance use intervention. Results For boys, path analyses yielded significant direct paths from aggressive masculinity to alcohol use. Bootstrapped mediation tests also yielded significant indirect paths through antisociality from assertive masculinity, affective femininity, aggressive masculinity, and the interaction of linguistic acculturation by affective femininity to alcohol use. For girls, the relationship between aggressive masculinity with alcohol use and the negative relationship of affective femininity with alcohol use were also mediated by adaptive coping, which is predictive of decreased substance use. Conclusion/Importance The present analyses confirm the importance of gender roles, functional mediators, and their interaction with acculturation in predicting substance use in Mexican American adolescents, with implications for the design of interventions to reduce substance use within the Mexican American community.
A Comprehensive Scheme for Fast Simulation of Burgers’ Equation

This paper presents a comprehensive scheme to improve the offline as well as online computational time to simulate Burgers’ Equation. A reduced order approximation of the Full Order Model (FOM) is obtained using Non-Linear Moment Matching (NLMM) scheme. The expensive simulation of the underlying nonlinear Sylvester Partial Differential Equation (PDE) is reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations by proper step-by-step simplifications. This reduces the offline computational cost of generating the orthonormal basis vectors substantially. Discrete Empirical Interpolation (DEIM) is used to further reduce the complexity of the underlying nonlinearity which improves the online computation time in solving the reduced system. Reduced Order Model (ROM) thus derived is compared with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) for different test inputs.
An Apparent Lack of Response By Metazoan Meiofauna to Phytodetritus Deposition in the Bathyal North-Eastern Atlantic

Metazoan meiofauna were studied in replicated multiple-corer samples obtained at a bathyal site (1320–1360 m depth) in the Porcupine Seabight (51°36′N 13°00′W) before (April) and after (July) the delivery to the seafloor of a phytodetrital pulse originating from the 1982 spring bloom. In all samples the metazoan meiofauna was dominated by nematodes; harpacticoid copepods and their nauplii were the second most abundant taxon. Population densities and biomass were very similar in both sample sets, the only significant differences being in the numbers of ostracods (higher in April) and nauplii (higher in July). Furthermore, vertical distribution patterns in the top 5 cm of sediment indicate that the meiofauna did not migrate towards the sediment surface following the phytodetrital pulse. The lack of a metazoan meiofaunal response contrasts with published evidence, based on the same samples, for a substantial increase in the foraminiferal abundance following the sedimentation event. Thus our results suggest that metazoans (as a whole) fail to exploit and utilize phytodetritus as rapidly as foraminifera. This probably reflects the energetic expense of egg production coupled with frequently slower rates of somatic growth among metazoans. In addition, foraminifera may outcompete metazoans for detrital food because they possess extremely efficient food-gathering organelles (granuloreticulate pseudopodia) and are able to raise their levels of metabolic activity very rapidly. However, metazoan responses at the species level, or over longer time periods (>3 months), would not have been detected and so remain a possibility.
A High Power Factor Battery Charger for Electric Vehicle using Canonical Switching Cell Converter

In today's scenario, the transportation sector has gained new advancements in research and development activities, which has emphasized the development of clean and green transportation systems. To meet this target, conventional vehicles are being replaced by fuel cell vehicles, EVs (Electric Vehicles) and HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles) [1]. In this context, EV technology has emerged as the most cost effective and emission free way to meet the customer demands, since it uses emission-free battery power i.e. the clean energy to produce the propelling power for the vehicle [2]. However, to meet the goals of clean and efficient transportation, the charging of the battery packs should also be efficient enough to avoid any wastage of energy in terms of power quality such as increased input rms current and hence increased charger losses. According to EV standard SAE J1772 [3], typical characteristics of the off-board and onboard battery chargers should include high energy density and light weight. Moreover, it must be proficient to deliver the generated power efficiently to maximize the energy utilization and distance covered per charging. Recently, most of the research work, has been dedicated to develop the diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed single stage battery chargers for EVs. Fig.l shows the typical arrangement of the classical DBR fed E-rickshaw battery chargers with unidirectional configuration. Moreover, Table-I gives the specification of the E-rickshaw, which battery is under test to demonstrate the performance of the conventional EV charger with front-end diode bridge.
Metabolism of Soy Isoflavones by Intestinal Bacteria: Genome Analysis of an Adlercreutzia equolifaciens Strain That Does Not Produce Equol

Isoflavones are transformed in the gut into more estrogen-like compounds or into inactive molecules. However, neither the intestinal microbes nor the pathways leading to the synthesis of isoflavone-derived metabolites are fully known. In the present work, 73 fecal isolates from three women with an equol-producing phenotype were considered to harbor equol-related genes by qPCR. After typing, 57 different strains of different taxa were tested for their ability to act on the isoflavones daidzein and genistein. Strains producing small to moderate amounts of dihydrodaidzein and/or O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) from daidzein and dihydrogenistein from genistein were recorded. However, either alone or in several strain combinations, equol producers were not found, even though one of the strains, W18.34a (also known as IPLA37004), was identified as Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, a well-described equol-producing species. Analysis and comparison of A. equolifaciens W18.34a and A. equolifaciens DSM19450T (an equol producer bacterium) genome sequences suggested a deletion in the former involving a large part of the equol operon. Furthermore, genome comparison of A. equolifaciens and Asaccharobacter celatus (other equol-producing species) strains from databases indicated many of these also showed deletions within the equol operon. The present results contribute to our knowledge to the activity of gut bacteria on soy isoflavones.