Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of four methods of immediate corrective feedback on retention, discrimination error, and feedback study time in computer-based instruction

This study examined the effects of four methods of immediate corrective feedback delivered by a computer within a question-based, concept and rule learning setting. A second purpose of the study was to probe the complex relationship between types of corrective feedback and the types of errors made by learners. One hundred fifty-three students enrolled in a undergraduate biology class for nonmajors were randomly assigned to one of four immediate corrective feedback conditions: (1) KCR, feedback that gave knowledge of correct response only; (2) KCR + FORCED CR, feedback that informed students of the correct response and then required that they make that response; (3) KCR + AWA, feedback that gave students knowledge of the correct response combined with anticipated wrong answer feedback; (4) KCR + SECOND TRY, feedback which imparted knowledge of results along with a second try to answer the question. Dependent variables were achievement on a retention test, feedback study time, on-task achievement, feedback efficiency, and opinion about instruction. An adaptive design strategy, the Rational Set Generator, was applied in the design and development of the instruction. Results indicated that the KCR group used significantly less feedback study time and was more efficient than any other condition. As predicted, no significant differences in retention were found for any group. Contrary to prediction, The KCR + FORCED CR group used almost as much time as the KCR + SECOND TRY group. Using different methods of feedback made no difference in number of errors during instruction or the number of interrogatory examples needed to reach instructional criterion. As predicted, learners who made fewer fine discrimination errors during instruction scored better on a retention test. A significantly higher number of fine discrimination errors were made on the retention test. Surprisingly, almost twice as much feedback study time was consumed for fine discrimination errors.
“Go Back and Tell Them Who the Real Men Are!” Gendering Our Understanding of Kibera’s Post-election Violence

Using a gendered analysis, this article examines the post election violence (PEV) in Kibera, Kenya, between December 2007 and February 2008. Through indepth interviews with Kibera residents, the article interrogates how gender influenced violent mobilizations in Kenya’s most notorious slum. Most scholarly analyses have tended to understand the post-election violence as a result of politicized ethnic identities, class, and local socio-economic dynamics. Implicitly or explicitly, these frameworks assume that women are victims of violence while men are its perpetrators, and ignore the ways in which gender, which cuts across these categories, produces and shapes conflict. Kibera’s conflict is often ascribed to the mobilization of disaffected male youths by political “Big Men. ” But the research findings show how men, who would ordinarily not go to war, are obliged to fight to “save face” in their communities and how women become integral to the production of violent exclusionary mobilizations. Significantly, notions of masculinity and femininity modified the character of Kibera’s conflict. Acts of gender-based violence, gang rapes, and forced circumcisions became intensely entwined with ethno-political performances to annihilate opposing groups. The battle for political power was also a battle of masculinities.
INFLUENCE OF ABRASIVE WATERJET CUTTING CONDITIONS ON DEPTH OF CUT OF MILD STEEL

Abrasive waterjet cutting is superior to many other non-traditional machining processes in processing variety of materials, particularly difficult-to-cut materials and has found extensive applications in industry. This paper assesses the influence of process parameters on depth of cut which is an important cutting performance measure in abrasive waterjet cutting of mild steel. Experiments were conducted in varying water pressure, nozzle traverse speed, abrasive mass flow rate and standoff distance for cutting mild steel using abrasive waterjet cutting process. The effects of these parameters on depth of cut have been studied based on the experimental results. In order to correctly select the process parameters, an empirical model for the prediction of depth of cut in abrasive waterjet cutting of mild steel is developed using regression analysis. This developed model has been verified with the experimental results that reveal a high applicability of the model within the experimental range used.
Institutions of sustainability in Central and Eastern European countries

The agricultural sector in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is confronted by two huge problems simultaneously: transition processes and sustainability. Institutions are very important for both these problems. The purpose of this paper is to make clear that the institutional setting is very important, and to give insight into the initial situation of institutions for sustainability and transitions. For this purpose we carried out surveys in CEE with questions about government performance, institutional environment, government structures and social capital. There is strong relationship between the determinants of good government performance in general and those for good government for realizing sustainable agriculture. However, besides formal rules, the informal rules of the institutional environment and social capital are also very important for realizing of sustainable agriculture. Results of surveys show that these institutional elements and the level of social capital are different in the countries of CEE, and have to be developed. Knowledge of government performance, institutional environment and social capital is a necessary condition for developing more suitable governance structures for realizing sustainable agriculture.
On Symplectic Optimization

Accelerated gradient methods have had significant impact in machine learning -- in particular the theoretical side of machine learning -- due to their ability to achieve oracle lower bounds. But their heuristic construction has hindered their full integration into the practical machine-learning algorithmic toolbox, and has limited their scope. In this paper we build on recent work which casts acceleration as a phenomenon best explained in continuous time, and we augment that picture by providing a systematic methodology for converting continuous-time dynamics into discrete-time algorithms while retaining oracle rates. Our framework is based on ideas from Hamiltonian dynamical systems and symplectic integration. These ideas have had major impact in many areas in applied mathematics, but have not yet been seen to have a relationship with optimization.
A Reconfigurable Square Slot Antenna with Switchable Single Band, UWB and UWB with Band Notch Function Performances

In this paper a novel method for designing a square slot antenna with switchable single band, multi-resonance (Ultra-Wideband (UWB)) and UWB with band-notch function performances has been presented. By inserting a pair of symmetrical notches on the feed-line and a pair of gamma-shaped slots on the radiating stub, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth is produced; especially at the higher band. In order to generate a reconfigurable band-notch function, a PIN diode is utilized across the microstrip stub between the two gamma-shaped slots. Also, through implementation of two H-shaped slots on the ground plane, not only the coupling at lower and middle frequencies is adjusted, but also by embedding a PIN diode between these two H- shaped slots, an additional reconfigurable functionality is added to the antenna performances; which can switch between a single band and multi-resonance (UWB) characteristics. The designed antenna has a small size of 20×20 mm 2 while simulated and experimental results
Patterns of Chatter: An Empirical Case Study of Participation in an Online Health Community

This research-in-progress is an in-depth case study of the patterns of interactions between participants in a virtual community. The study will examine the stability of the community membership, posting behavior of the members over time, the existence of clusters or groups of users, especially a core group, and the possible classification of members based upon participation. Social network analysis diagrams showing who is talking to whom will be produced, revealing the social structure of the community. All 16,112 messages posted by 1,670 users of a medical virtual community were gathered over the course of one year. Preliminary results are given and future analysis of the data is proposed.
THE 3.3 MICRON PAH EMISSION OF THE MID-INFRARED EXCESS GALAXIES DISCOVERED BY THE AKARI MID-INFRARED ALL-SKY SURVEY

We investigate the relation between star formation activity and PAH 3.3 „m emission. Our targets are mid-infrared-excess galaxies selected from the AKARI all-sky survey point source catalog. We performed AKARI near-infrared spectroscopy for them. As a result, we obtained 2.5-5 „m spectra of 79 galaxies, and selected 35 star-forming galaxies out of them. Comparing the PAH 3.3 „m luminosities with the infrared luminosities, we find a linear correlation between them. However, by adding the results from literatures for luminous infrared galaxies and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies that are more luminous than our sample, the ratio of the PAH to the infrared luminosity is found to decrease towards the luminous end.
Study on the efficacy of Centella asiatica Linn. on borderline intelligence of 5th standard students of a rural area in Southern India

Borderline intellectual functioning is a cognitive impairment that applies to people who have lower than average intelligence but do not have intellectual developmental disorder or mental retardation. Borderline intellectual functioning is diagnosed by IQ test scores that are between 63 to74. This classification describes a group comprising about 7% of the general population that falls into an area of delayed intellectual, emotional, and/or adaptive functioning that teeters on the edge of intellectual disability but does not actually qualify for that specific diagnosis using DSM-IV-TR strict IQ criteria. Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica Linn.) is one among the four medhya (nootropic) drugs as per Ayurvedic literature. These drugs are collectively called as ‘Medhya Dravyas’. Hence the present study entitled “study on the efficacy of Centella asiatica Linn. on borderline intelligence of 5th standard students of a rural area in Southern India” was carried-out by a thorough review of the psychological tests and interviewing methods.
Classification by Artificial Neural Network according to the values affecting Electricity Generation

Predicting the amount of electricity produced in a power plant is very important for today’s economy. Oven Power (MW), Boiler Input Gas Temperature, Superheated Steam Amount, ID-Fan Speed, Feeding Water Tank data affect the electricity production. In this article, Etikrom A. Ş. The electricity production amount to be produced in Elazığ Etikrom A. Ş. was estimated by using the data of Oven Power (MW), Water Inlet Gas Temperature, Steam Vapor Volume, ID-Fan Speed, Feeding Water Tank data. Electricity generation amount is used as verification data. That is, by the k-means clustering method, the electricity generation amount is divided into 3 classes (low, medium, and high). 3621 data including Oven Power (MW), Boiler Input Gas Temperature, Superheated Steam Amount, ID-Fan Speed, and Feeding Water Tank data were used after class 3 separation. With the K-means clustering method, 2742 of these data were clustered as low electricity, 296 as medium electricity and 583 as high electricity. This clustered data was given to the Artifical Neural Network classifier. The success rate obtained as a result of this classification is 85.81%. Classified data were analyzed by ROC curve.
Monetary Policy in a Low Inflation Environment

Hard-won credibility is crucial to the Fed's two-pronged strategy of combining the maintenance of price stability with active short-term countercyclical interest rate policy. In recent years, credibility has enabled the Fed to preempt inflation without precipitating recession and to counter the destabilizing effects of real shocks without arousing inflationary expectations. Always fragile, credibility is best ensured if written into law and rendered immune to the vagaries of changing leadership. A congressional mandate transforming implicit inflation targeting into explicit, quantitative targeting would preserve the Fed's credibility so that it may effectively forestall departures, both inflationary and deflationary, from price stability.
Effect of Boiling, Simmering and Blanching on the Antinutritional Content of Moringa oleifera Leaves

The effect of some food processing methods; boiling , simmering and blanching on some antinutritional contents of Moringa oleifera leaves was investigated. The results showed that boiling significantly (P < 0.05) reduce d the cyanide content by 88.1% when compared with simmering 80.95% and blanching 61.9%. Similarly boiling significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the amount of oxalate, phytate and trypsin inhibitor by 85.3%, 85.44% and 78.8% respectively when compared with simmering which had 66.3%, 57.3% and 63.6% for oxalate, phytate and trypsin inhibitor respecti vely. However, blanching reduced the level of oxalate, phytate and trypsin inhibitor by 20.7%, 39.8% and 60.6% respectively. Thus among the three methods of processing investigated, boiling was found to decreased the levels of antinutritional factors significantly (P < 0.05) than both simmering and blanching. Therefore the result obtained shows that processing of Moringa oleifera leaves reduced the amount of these antinutrient with boili ng being the most effective method.
Assimilation of near-surface cosmic-ray neutrons improves summertime soil moisture profile estimates at three distinct biomes in the USA

Assimilation of near-surface cosmic-ray neutrons improves summertime soil moisture profile estimates at three distinct biomes in the USA R. Rosolem, T. Hoar, A. Arellano, J. L. Anderson, W. J. Shuttleworth, X. Zeng, and T. E. Franz Queens School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK NCAR Data Assimilation Research Section, Boulder, USA Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
Optimal Control of the Process Systems Using Graphic Processing Unit

Abstract In this paper the Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) is applied in order to improve the computational performance of process systems optimal control calculations. To apply GPU massive parallel architecture, a simplified version of interior point optimisation algorithm was selected and modified to fulfil special hardware requirements of GPU architecture. In this algorithm, a damped nonlinear Newton with preconditioned iterative linear solver was used to solve Dual-Primal equations. The comparison of results between this implementation and standard CPU-based implementation shows considerable improvement in computational performance.
A study on mutation testing of object oriented programs

Mutation testing is a modern approach which gives more appropriate results. In comparison to traditional approaches, it gives high quality output. Previously it is not used mostly because of its high cost factor. This is because mutation testing deals with white box testing. White Box testing checks every module of the software in detail. If we use this it takes a lot of time and money. Recent approaches which came in mutation testing made it easy to implement for any software. Mutation take a look ating could be a fault based mostly testing technique within which mutants area unit generated within the program and apply totally different test cases on the mutants. Some mutants are killed and some are alive. On the bottom of killed and alive mutants, mutant score is calculated. Based on the mutants which are alive the test cases can be improvised there by the quality of the source code is increased. we propose a tool which gives more effective output of testing. We propose a tool which takes the outputs of various static tools available and combines it with the outputs of dynamic tools available. Our proposed tool includes outputs of available tools like Jester, Mujava, PMD to effectively detect the vulnerabilities and produce high quality software as output.
The Cost of Coexistence between Bt Maize and Open-Pollinated Maize Varieties in Lowland Coastal Kenya

Kenya is currently in the process of introducing genetically modified maize (Bt maize). A major concern is that the Bt gene might cross into local varieties through cross pollination. Current regulatory strategies to ensure coexistence of the two cropping systems at the farm level rely on spatial isolation measures-separation distances and/or buffer zones. However, the interaction of practical measures and costs of spatial isolation with the farmer’s economic incentive to plant a Bt maize crop have not been studied in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of the implementation of spatial coexistence measures. Using spatial geo-referenced data from the actual agricultural landscape in lowland coastal Kenya, the study finds that flexible separation distances hold the possibility of ensuring coexistence in the region, but will be difficult to implement. Rigid buffer strips on the other hand are not consistent with the producers’ economic incentive to plant a Bt maize crop.
Comparison of the performance of MR-deDuster with other conventional cyclones

A new type of cyclone design configuration called MR-deDuster, which contains multi cyclone, has been developed. A theoretical study had been carried out to evaluate and predict the performance of a MR-deDuster. In this paper, a comparative study was done to investigate the performance of MR-deDuster with other conventional cyclones in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. The performance of MR-deDuster was measured by its collection efficiency based on the particle size distribution of activated carbon. It was found that MR-deDuster is able to collect as high as 94% of PM10 which is high comparing with many other conventional cyclones. In addition, the pressure drop of the unit is relatively low compared to the other cyclones which highlight the ability of the unit to capture the fine particle at low pressure drop.
Remote Sensing of Selected Winter and Spring Host Plants of Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) and Herbicide Use Strategies as a Management Tactic

Remote sensing was used in a series of experiments over a three-year period to obtain spectral reflectance data for studying differences in vegetation indices between grasses, broadleaf plants, and grass/broadleaf plant mixtures. Selected non-crop winter and spring host plants of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, were planted in field-plot experiments. Multispectral reflectance data were aerially acquired with both a Real-Time Digital Airborne Camera System (RDACS) sensor and Geospatial Systems (Duncan Tech) MS-2100 multispectral camera. The following six vegetation indices of spectral reflectance were evaluated in this study: normalized difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, green normalized difference vegetation index, green vegetation index, green ratio vegetation index, and Ashburn vegetation index. Vegetation indices calculated with imagery data for the grasses and broadleaves differed significantly; there appeared to be more discriminating differences between vegetation indices for grasses and broadleaf plants when the indices were based on a combination of green and near infrared or green and red spectral bands than when the indices were based on red and near infrared spectral bands. Insect data from these studies confirm that tarnished plant bug prefers broadleaf host plants, but can use Italian ryegrass for food and reproduction. The narrow temporal window of host suitability for Italian ryegrass may limit its significance. Herbicide destruction of broadleaf host plants in early spring prevented the tarnished plant bug population increases that occurred in untreated plots. Findings of this study would be useful in site-specific vegetation management decisions in programs such as the prototypical area-wide tarnished plant bug management experiment conducted in the Delta region of Mississippi.
Exploring marketing effectiveness via market orientation, resource possession and marketing capability

This paper focuses specifically on marketing resource possession, and marketing capability deployment within the broader theoretical domain of resource based theory. We argue that “possession of valuable resources” (resource-possession) does not fully explain economic rent differentials between firms. Instead, the effect that resource-possession has on economic rent depends on “what firms do with their resources” (capability-deployment). This contention is tested by examining the relationship between market orientation (MO), marketing resource possession, marketing resource deployment, and marketing effectiveness.
School Choice Policy: Seeking to Balance Educational Efficiency and Equity. A Comparative Analysis of 20 European Countries

In recent years, the degree of choice in education systems has increased in most countries. Still, the variation of choice policies across countries is substantial. The authors ask under what combinations of conditions (i.e. institutional features of education systems) choice policy succeeds in balancing educational efficiency and equity. Using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, they investigate the impact of seven institutional conditions in 20 European countries. Those seven conditions are identified in school choice literature as relevant in explaining variations in educational efficiency and equity. The analysis shows that there are multiple causal paths to good policy outcome. The main contribution of this article is to show that ‘choice’ is an INUS condition (i.e. an insufficient but necessary part of an unnecessary but sufficient combination of conditions) and that ‘no tracking’ is a necessary condition for educational efficiency and equity. In addition, the authors show that ‘good management’ and ‘competition’ of schools contribute to good educational outcomes only in choice-tolerant countries.
An Investigation of Service Quality in China Low Cost Carrier Market

This study aims to empirically investigate customer satisfaction in China low cost carrier (LCC) market. Three importance-performance analysis (IPA) methods – traditional IPA and two revised IPA (partial correlation model, PCM and dummy regression model, DRM) are adopted and compared. The results show that the top-priority attributes to be improved recognized by the traditional IPA are Flight on-time and Complaint response, which are different to those suggested by PCM-Complaint response and Meal service. In addition, according to the evaluation results of DRM on the passengers with various journey purposes, Attributes importance viewed by passengers with various journey purposes significantly differs. Corresponding improvement strategies are then proposed based on three methods.
Analysis and Evaluation of Quality Metrics in Software Engineering

2 Abstract: In this research paper the study of various software metrics are performed which are classified into three categories: primitive, abstract and structured. The study is performed to provide software developers, users and management with a correct and consistent evaluation of a representative sample of the software metrics available. The analysis and evaluation of metrics was performed in an attempt to: assist the software developers, users and management in selecting suitable quality metric(s) for their specific software quality requirements and to examine various definitions used to calculate these metrics.