Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular and biochemical characterization of soil isolates of Aspergillus niger aggregate and an assessment of their antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani

Sixteen Aspergillus niger aggregate isolates collected from different crop fi elds were subjected to RAPDPCR using 20 Operon primers and 8 synthetic primers. Twenty-two primers led to the amplifi cation of 727 fragments ranging from 3500 bp (OPA 11) to 200 bp (primer 06). Two bands were monomorphic, while the rest were polymorphic. Three amplicons produced by OPA 16 were recorded as isolate-specifi c as 2300 bp by AnC2 and AnR3, and as 2800 bp by AnC2 only. The highest genetic similarity (0.79) was measured between AnC2 and AnR3, and the lowest (0.17) between AnC2 and AnR2. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarity revealed three major clusters, named group I, group II and group III. All isolates were ochratoxin A negative (<1 ng g-1). Isolates AnC2 and AnR3, which produced HCN and solubilized the greatest amount of phosphorus, belonged to group I. These isolates also signifi cantly increased eggplant yield and caused the greatest inhibition of colonization by R. solani in dual culture. They also suppressed the root rot on eggplant and the soil population of R. solani in pot soil.
The Effects of Mixing, Reaction Rates, and Stoichiometry on Yield for Mixing Sensitive Reactions—Part I: Model Development

There are two classes of mixing sensitive reactions: competitive-consecutive and competitive-parallel. The yield of desired product from these coupled reactions depends on how fast the reactants are brought together. Recent experimental results have suggested that the mixing effect may depend strongly on the stoichiometry of the reactions. To investigate this, a 1D, dimensionless, reaction-diffusion model at the micromixing scale was developed. Assuming constant mass concentration and mass diffusivities, systems of PDE's were derived on a mass fraction basis for both types of reactions. Two dimensionless reaction rate ratios and a single general Damkohler number emerged from the analysis. The resulting dimensionless equations were used to investigate the effects of mixing, reaction rate ratio, and reaction stoichiometry. As expected, decreasing either the striation thickness or the dimensionless rate ratio maximizes yield, the reaction stoichiometry has a considerable effect on yield, and all three variables interact strongly.
Seasonality and environmental control of freshwater SAR11 (LD12) in a temperate lake (Lake Erken, Sweden)

Bacteria are mediators of biogeochemical cycles and are in this way vital for maintaining life on earth. Their distribution, abundance and functioning are driven by environmental heterogeneity and dynamic change in abiotic and biotic factors. Both, freshwater lakes and oceans play central roles in the global carbon cycle and bacteria in these systems perform many services for the ecosystems, such as the transfer of organic carbon from primary producers to higher trophic levels. With estimated relative abundances up to 50% of the total bacterioplankton, the Alphaproteobacteria lineage SAR11 is the most abundant group of aquatic bacteria. It is globally distributed and can be partitioned into multiple sub-clades, one of which is exclusive to freshwaters. Until recently, the distribution, abundance and ecological role of this freshwater SAR11 named LD12 was unknown. The aim of the thesis was to study the drivers and mechanisms that influence the dynamics of aquatic bacterial communities in general and the SAR11 and LD12 groups in particular. The thesis consists of environmental surveys of a mesotrophic Lake Erken and the western Southern Ocean, an experiment and a data-mining exercise to reveal the phylogenetic structure of the SAR11 lineage on various temporal and spatial scales. The analysis of a long-term bacterioplankton community survey in lake Erken provided insights about the dynamics of the entire bacterial community and the LD12 population over an annual cycle. The results demonstrate that LD12 can be an equally abundant member of freshwater communities as marine SAR11 in oceans. LD12 featured strong seasonality and was positively coupled to environmental conditions indicative for an oligotrophic lifestyle. LD12 as well as other dominant lake bacterioplankton also maintained stable populations throughout spatial and temporal varying environments, but at high phylogenetic resolution, habitat preferences were revealed, particularly in response to oxygen concentrations. The later was not the case in LD12 as a single ribotype dominated. This is in stark contrast to the habitat partitioning with light availability, depth and water masses observed for marine SAR11 subclades in the Southern Ocean. The global data-mining corroborated that LD12 as a group was much less diverse than SAR11 furthermore, suggesting that the marine-freshwater barrier acted as a population bottleneck. My work shows that bacterial populations can respond in very different ways to environmental drivers, highlight the importance of highly resolved temporal and spatial scales as well as the need for high phylogenetic resolutions to target ecologically coherent populations.
Tracking arrow squid movements with an automated acoustic telemetry system

This study investigated the movement, spatial usage and activity patterns of the arrow squid Nototodarus gouldi (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) using an automated acoustic telemetry system. Sixty-four automated acoustic receivers were aligned as underwater 'curtains' across the entrances to bays and inlets around Storm Bay, southeastern Tasmania. N. gouldi were tagged with small uniquely coded transmitters and released. Twelve tagged squid were detected for up to 37 d over an area of more than 300 km2. Tagged squid moved widely between Storm Bay and the Derwent River, but none were detected moving into the adjoining bays or the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Tagged squid appeared to move out of Storm Bay throughout the study period, suggesting a highly dynamic population. There was evidence of a relationship between level of activity and photoperiod, with visits to receivers being longer and more variable in duration in the night compared to the daytime. Schooling or group movement was not observed. Rates of movement between non-adjacent receivers varied widely with those over distances of 10 km or more, ranging from 0.09 to 0.52 mantle lengths per second (ML s-1), and 1 instance of an average speed of 3.6 ML s-1 over 9.3 km.
Diaporthe nobilis, a new record on Camellia sinensis in Guizhou Province, China

One Diaporthe strain was isolated from diseased leaves of Camellia sinensis in Guizhou Province. It is characterized by the production of two types conidia (, -conidia). Morphologically the species is very similar to Phomopsis laurella (syn. Diaporthe nobilis) in producing cylindrical or ellipsoidal -conidia with two oil drops. Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, β-tubulin and tef1 sequence data shows that these strains are placed in D. eres species complex. Critical examination of the phenotypic characters indicated that this strain represents Diaporthe nobilis, a new record in Camellia sinensis.
Optimal Control in Cointegrated Linear Systems ∗ (Preliminary Version)

This paper tackles the issue of how to implement linear-quadratic optimal control in linear models involving unit roots. It is common practice to assume that the system of interest has to be stabilizable and detectable in order to be controlled. As a matter of fact, these properties often fail in models containing unit roots. Therefore, we present a less restrictive result, derived from control theory, for the existence of a solution for the control problem. We show that the degree of controllability of the system depends on the rank of some given submatrices, and introduce the appropriate tests for analyzing them, along with a convenient testing strategy. The proposed approach is illustrated using EU macroeconomic time series and the short term interest rate as the policy instrument.
Title Observed and CAM 3 GCM Sea Surface Wind Speed Distributions : Characterization , Comparison , and Bias Reduction Permalink

Climatological surface wind speed probability density functions (PDFs) estimated from observations are characterized and used to evaluate, for the first time, contemporaneous wind PDFs predicted by a GCM. The observations include NASA’s global Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) dataset, the NCEP/ Department of Energy Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-2) 6-hourly reanalysis, and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) moored buoy data, all from 2000 to 2005. Wind speed mean, 90th percentile, standard deviation, and Weibull shape parameter climatologies are constructed from these data. New features that emerge from the analysis include the identification of a stationary pattern to the wind speed variance in the equatorial Pacific. Interestingly, a distinct wind speed shape anomaly migrates with the ITCZ across this stationary background. The GCM despite its coarser spatial and temporal resolution predicts wind speed PDFs in general agreement with observations. Relative to QuikSCAT, the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3) GCM has a globally averaged positive mean wind speed bias of about 0.2 m s 1 originating primarily within the trades and Southern Hemisphere storm track. Global standard deviation biases are largest in the winter hemisphere storm tracks. The largest shape biases occur along the equatorial peripheries of the Northern Hemisphere and southern Indian Ocean anticyclones. Year-round negative shape and mean wind speed biases persist along the ITCZ. The GCM’s overactive tropical convection and slight subtropical anticyclone displacement contribute to positive mean speed, standard deviation, and shape trade biases. Surface heat and energy fluxes depend nonlinearly on wind speed magnitude, are sensitive to the tails of the wind distribution, and hence vary significantly on spatiotemporal scales not resolved by GCMs. Limited computing resources force the use of coarse-resolution GCMs, which do not resolve finer-scale wind speed fluctuations. Rather, surface fluxes are determined from the mean wind speed computed by averaging spatially and temporally over subgrid-scale features. Some surface flux routines account for gustiness during low mean winds resulting from thermally driven convection. The authors hypothesize that GCMs systematically underestimate surface momentum flux nonlinearities and that this biases surface wind predictions most in regions of strong winds with high variability. To test this, climate simulations that account for surface fluxes due to subgrid-scale GCM winds are performed. This significantly improves climatological surface wind speed statistics, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere storm track, consistent with the hypothesis. These wind speed improvements can be attributed to a reduction in GCM sea level pressure biases throughout the globe.
A linear programming solution to data description and novelty classification

Many real-world problems require the detection of abnormal instances of a physical process, and methods inspired by the Support Vector Machines have been developed that model reference or normal data well. These methods serve as a fundamental step to enable the classification of new data as normal or abnormal. They imply the solution of a quadratic programming problem, which can present difficulties in finding solutions with standard methods and program solvers when the number of points becomes large. In this paper, we present an approach that was developed in a different context and that leads to a linear programming problem to attain the computational advantages of a linear environment. Normal 0 14 false false false IT X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabella normale"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
The hydrological and hydrochemical division of the surface waters in the Gulf of Gdansk

The objective of this work was to dene regions in the surfacelayer of the Gulf of Gda«sk that are characterised by dierent natural (t emperature, salinity, total water depth) and anthropogenic (concentrations of major nutrients) factors. Additionally, approximate boundaries between the regions distinguished were delineated.Tondregionsofdierenthydrologicalandhydrochemicalproperties, Ward's method, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster technique, was applied to a data set containing measurements of temperature, salinity, total depths and nutrientconcentrations. Cluster analysis divided the surface waters of the Gulf of Gda«sk into seven regions.ThesurfacewatersintheshallowwaterpartoftheGulfofGda«sk,where six out of the seven regions were located, displayed a distinct diversity which was probably associated with the morphometry of the Gulf, nutrient sources and freshwater input. The last region encompassed the deep-water part of the Gulf of Gda«sk andPuckBay.
Principals Level of Computer Use and SomeContributingFactors.

This study identified the extent to which Iranian secondary school principals use computers and explored the relationship between three variables related to ICT use. These factors included high level of computer access, positive attitudes towards ICT, and positive cultural perceptions of ICT, all contributed significantly to the computer use by principals. Findings from this study indicated that principals spent a few times a week working on their computers. It seems that knowledge of the role of ICT in the work life of the school principals and the acquisition of appropriate skills to use this knowledge needs to be understood by the principals. Hence, considerable ongoing professional development opportunities should be provided for principals to fulfill their role as technology leaders. Keywords— ICT, Computer use, Secondary school principals
Source Rupture Process of the 2004 Chuetsu, Mid-Niigata Prefecture, Japan, Earthquake Inferred from Waveform Inversion with Dense Strong-Motion Data

Abstract The kinematic source rupture process of the 2004 Chuetsu, mid-Niigata prefecture, Japan, earthquake, is estimated from strong-motion data by the linear waveform inversion method. In order to develop appropriate Green’s functions, one-dimensional velocity structure models for each station are constructed by modeling the aftershock waveforms. The estimated top of the bedrock is deeper at the western side of the fault and relatively shallow at the eastern side. This tendency coincides with other investigations of seismic tomography and microtremor array observations. The obtained source model shows large slips in the vicinity of the hypocenter. The reverse slipping rupture originated from the deeper part of the fault and propagated toward the up-dip and southwest directions. The near-surface slip is small. Two tests are demonstrated to check the stability of the obtained source model. The first test examines the effects of the number of available stations on the solution, and the second test examines how the difference in the target waveform type affects the solution. The number of stations affects the variation of slip amount, and more than 12 stations appear to be sufficient to obtain a stable solution in this case. The difference in the target wave type in the data set does not significantly affect the solution if the number of stations is sufficient and the Green’s functions are well calibrated. The model obtained using calibrated velocity structure models shows clear image of high-slip area compared to the model obtained using a single velocity structure model.
The phylogenetic position of Anomochilidae ( Reptilia : Serpentes ) : first evidence from DNA sequences

Previously, anilioids (Aniliidae, Anomochilidae, Cylindrophiidae and Uropeltidae) were considered the only extant, non-macrostomatan alethinophidian snakes. Although their monophyly and intrarelationships remained poorly established, their fossoriality, small gape, and inferred phylogenetic position have been important evidence in orthodox scenarios about early snake evolution. Recent molecular studies including aniliids, cylindrophiids and uropeltids indicate anilioid polyphyly, with the latter two families comprising a clade nested within Macrostomata. We carried out the first molecular phylogenetic analysis to include the very poorly known and seemingly rare Anomochilidae. Only partial sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes could be amplified from tissue collected from a single dead specimen of Anomochilus leonardi. Amplification failed for nuclear and other mitochondrial genes, and for all the investigated genes for the holotype and paratype of A. leonardi. Analyses recovered a paraor polyphyletic Anilioidea. Anomochilus is recovered as most closely related to Cylindrophis maculatus (rendering Cylindrophiidae possibly paraphyletic). The relatively small amount of available data produces only moderate levels of support, but the stability of taxa and agreement across different analytical methods and with larger analyses of snake phylogeny support the abandonment of Anilioidea as a natural taxon, and the recognition of a higher category for a clade comprising Asian anilioids (Anomochilidae, Cylindrophiidae and Uropeltidae).
LIFE HISTORY RESPONSES OF DAPHNIA SIMILOIDES SIMULTANEOUSLY EXPOSED TO MICROCYSTIN-LR AND AMMONIA AND THEIR POST-EXPOSURE RECOVERY Running title : Responses of Daphnia exposed to ammonia and microcystin

Aquatic organisms often suffer episodic stress from cyanobacterial bloom-derived concomitant and sometimes interactive stressors, and may recover when stressors terminate. To assess whether exposed Daphnia can quickly recover from combined toxicity of bloom-derived stressors, we exposed Daphnia similoides to mixtures of ammonia (0, 0.37, and 0.58 mg L) and dissolved microcystin-LR (0, 10, 30, and 100 μg L) in a full factorial design for fourteen days and subsequently allowed them to recover for seven days. During the exposure, we observed that the mixtures of ammonia and microcystin-LR showed different effects on the selected variables. Ammonia delayed the time to maturation, but microcystin-LR was not negative to the development of the tested daphnids. Furthermore, microcystin-LR reduced the prolonged developmental time to first eggs and first clutch caused by high ammonia. The total reproduction of D. similoides was dramatically reduced by 64%~79% by both toxicants and their combinations, but there were no interactive effects. After the recovery period, most treatments did not recover completely from the combined stress but showed positive signs of recovery, based on the size of the last clutch and the mean number of clutches during recovery, thus the affected D. similoides has the potential to quickly recover from the combined toxic stressors.
UPPER ORDOVICIAN LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE FAUQUEZ AREA (BRABANT MASSIF, BELGIUM)

The Fauquez area along the Sennette Valley in the Brabant Massif is known for its Upper Ordovician graptolite and shelly macrofossil bearing sediments. Renewed fi eldwork and a detailed overview of the geological studies in the area allowed the proposition of a new lithostratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician rocks with a detailed description of four formations (Bornival, Huet, Fauquez and Madot), the construction of a detailed lithostratigraphical column, a geological section and a geological map. On the basis of a detailed structural analysis, we interpret the Fauquez area as a large-scale, non-cylindrical antiform, being cogenetic with cleavage development, which is cut by relatively important post-cleavage normal faults. The antiform and cleavage development are attributed to the Brabantian deformation phase. The non-cylindrical shape of the large- scale antiform, as well as the non-cylindrical nature of many of the smaller, parasitic folds, is compatible with a local, syn- cleavage and syn-folding dextral shear. Possibly, this local dextral shear is a result of the unequal distribution of the more competent volcanic bodies of the Madot Formation, being signifi cantly thicker in the western part of the area. In contrast to previous views, there is no evidence for important reverse faulting.
SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVI. Tomographic measurement of the low obliquity of KOI-12b, a warm Jupiter transiting a fast rotator

We present the detection and characterization of the transiting warm Jupiter KOI-12b, first identified with Kepler with an orbital period of 17.86 days. We combine the analysis of Kepler photometry with Doppler spectroscopy and line-profile tomography of time-series spectra obtained with the SOPHIE spectrograph to establish its planetary nature and derive its properties. To derive reliable estimates for the uncertainties on the tomographic model parameters, we devised an empirical method to calculate statistically independent error bars on the time-series spectra. KOI-12b has a radius of 1.43$\pm$0.13$ R_\mathrm{Jup}$ and a 3$\sigma$ upper mass limit of 10$M_\mathrm{Jup}$. It orbits a fast-rotating star ($v$sin$i_{\star}$ = 60.0$\pm$0.9 km s$^{-1}$) with mass and radius of 1.45$\pm$0.09 $M_\mathrm{Sun}$ and 1.63$\pm$0.15 $R_\mathrm{Sun}$, located at 426$\pm$40 pc from the Earth. Doppler tomography allowed a higher precision on the obliquity to be reached by comparison with the analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin radial velocity anomaly, and we found that KOI-12b lies on a prograde, slightly misaligned orbit with a low sky-projected obliquity $\lambda$ = 12.6$\stackrel{+3.0}{_{-2.9}}^\circ$. The properties of this planetary system, with a 11.4 magnitude host-star, make of KOI-12b a precious target for future atmospheric characterization.
Discovery of mutations with TILLING and ECOTILLING in plant genomes

TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) and ECOTILLING are methods used in detecting induced or naturally occurring mutations in many species. High-throughput TILLING allows the rapid, easy and cost-effective discovery of induced point mutations in populations of chemically mutagenized individuals. The use of the TILLING technique to survey natural variation in genes is called ECOTILLING. TILLING and ECOTILLING have recently been used for the detection of both induced mutation and natural DNA polymorphism. In this review,we illustrate how TILLING and ECOTILLING methods can be employed for discovering mutations. Key words: TILLING, ECOTILLING, mutation, natural.
Natural Product Research : Formerly Natural Product Letters

A new cytotoxic iridoid from Callicarpa nudiflora Wen-Li Mei a , Zhuang Han a , Hai-Bin Cui a , You-Xing Zhao b , Yuan-Yuan Deng a & Hao-Fu Dai a a Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 , Hainan, P.R. , China b State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming , Yunnan, P.R. China Published online: 14 Sep 2009.