Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full title: Elongation changes of exploratory and root hair systems induced by ACC and AVG affect nitrate uptake and the BnNrt2.1 and BnNrt1.1 transporters genes expression in Brassica napus

Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a major role in the elongation of both exploratory and root hair systems. Here, we demonstrate in Brassica napus seedlings that treatments with the ethylene precursor: aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) and the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor: aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) cause modification of the dynamic processes of primary root and root hair elongation in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, restoration of root elongation in AVG treated seedlings by 1mM L-glutamate suggested that high concentrations of AVG affect root elongation through nonoverlapping ethylene metabolic pathway involving pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes of N metabolism. In this respect, treatments with high concentrations of ACC and AVG (10 μM) over five days revealed significant differences in relationships between root growth architecture and nitrate uptake capacities. Indeed, if these treatments decreased severely elongation of exploratory root system (primary root and lateral roots) they had opposing effects on root hair system. Although ACC increased the length and number of root hairs, the rate of N uptake and the transcript level of the nitrate transporter BnNrt2.1 were markedly reduced. In contrast, the decrease in root hairs length and number in AVG treated seedlings was over-compensated by an increase of nitrate uptake and BnNrt2.1 gene expression. These root architectural changes demonstrated that BnNrt2.1 expression levels were more correlated to the changes of exploratory root system than the changes of root hair system. The difference between treatments in nitrate transporters BnNrt1.1 and BnNrt2.1 genes expression is discussed with regard to presumed transport functions of BnNrt1.1 in relation to root elongation. www.plantphysiol. org on September 3, 2017 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.
Classification of Performance Degradation Issues In Virtualized Cloud Environments

: Besides the many advantages provided by the cloud, the associated forbidden behaviour namely the performance degradation is to be dealt with properly. The performance degradation occurs due to many reasons including the virtualization. The proposed survey aims at classifying the degradation based on the available literature. This hopefully will be useful for the researchers and cloud users .
CO 2 Hydrogenation on Ni x Mg 1 − x Al 2 O 4 : A Comparative Study of MgAl 2 O 4 and NiAl 2 O 4

: Due to the increasing attention focused on global warming, many studies on reducing CO 2 emissions and developing sustainable energy strategies have recently been performed. One of the approaches is CO 2 methanation, transforming CO 2 into methane. Such transformation (CO 2 + 4H 2 → CH 4 + 2H 2 O) provides advantages of carbon liquiﬁcation, storage, etc. In this study, we investigated CO 2 methanation on nickel–magnesium–alumina catalysts both experimentally and computationally. We synthesized the catalysts using a precipitation method, and performed X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, and N 2 adsorption–desorption tests to characterize their physical and chemical properties. NiAl 2 O 4 and MgAl 2 O 4 phases were clearly observed in the catalysts. In addition, we conducted CO 2 hydrogenation experiments by varying with temperatures to understand the reaction. Our results showed that CO 2 conversion increases with Ni concentration and that MgAl 2 O 4 exhibits high selectivity for CO. Density functional theory calculations explained the origin of this selectivity. Simulations predicted that adsorbed CO on MgAl 2 O 4 (100) weakly binds to the surface and prefers to desorb from the surface than undergoing further hydrogenation. Electronic structure analysis showed that the absence of a d orbital in MgAl 2 O 4 (100) is responsible for the weak binding of CO to MgAl 2 O 4 . We believe that this ﬁnding regarding the origin of the CO selectivity of MgAl 2 O 4 provides fundamental insight for the design methanation catalysts. more favorable than on other sites, but that adsorbed CO is much less stable than adsorbed CO 2 . These results suggest that adsorbed CO generated from
Ethanol Destabilizes Liver Gal (cid:1) l, 4GlcNAc (cid:2) 2,6-Sialyltransferase, mRNA by Depleting a 3 (cid:1) -Untranslated Region-Specific Binding Protein

Asialoconjugates are viable biomarkers for alcohol abuse. We previously showed that chronic ethanol feeding down-regu-lated liver Gal (cid:1) l, 4GlcNAc (cid:2) 2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal l) mRNA by destabilizing it. Since RNA-binding proteins are known to stabilize many eukaryotic mRNAs by interacting with the 3 (cid:1) -untranslated region (UTR), we have delineated the possible mechanism by which ethanol destabilizes ST6Gal l mRNA. Using 32 P-labeled RNA probes generated from a 2.7-kb 3 (cid:1) -UTR of ST6Gal l mRNA, we identified a liver cytosolic 41-kDa spe- cific binding protein that interacts with its 3 (cid:1) -UTR domain and protects it from degradation in normal rat liver but disappears after chronic ethanol treatment. Mapping of the binding region revealed that four RNA probes of 80-base pair (bp) length spanning the 304 bp of the 3 (cid:1) -UTR of ST6Gal l mRNA showed equal binding intensity. The corresponding cDNA sequences for the four 80-bp RNA probes share the 13-bp consensus sequence. Mutagenesis analysis identified that four nucleotides, AG and TC, among the consensus sequences were crit- ical for the RNA-protein interaction. Therefore, 5 (cid:1) -CAGCCTC-CTCCCT-3 (cid:1) serves as a cis-element
AFLUID July 46/1

Welch, William J., Akihiro Tojo, Jong-Un Lee, Dae Gil Kang, Christine G. Schnackenberg, and Christopher S. Wilcox. Nitric oxide synthase in the JGA of the SHR: expression and role in tubuloglomerular feedback. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Renal Physiol. 46): F130–F138, 1999. —The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has an enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and a diminished buffering by juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)-derived NO. We examined the hypothesis that these effects are due to decreases in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression or limited availability of L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). SHR had significantly (P , 0.05) greater mRNA abundance (by RT-PCR) or protein (by Western analysis) for neuronal NOS (nNOS, or type I) and endothelial cell NOS (ecNOS, or type III) in renal cortex or isolated glomeruli, respectively. There was prominent expression of ecNOS in glomerular endothelium and nNOS in macula densa. Maximal TGF responses, assessed from changes in proximal stop-flow pressure during orthograde loop of Henle (LH) perfusion, were greater in SHR [Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), 8.1 6 0.3 (n 5 46) vs. SHR, 10.3 6 0.3 mmHg (n 5 57); P , 0.001]. Unlike WKY, TGF responses of SHR were unresponsive to microperfusion of the nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 1024 M) [WKY, 9.5 6 0.5 to 13.2 6 0.7 (n 5 13, P , 0.001) vs. SHR, 11.8 6 0.7 to 12.5 6 0.6 mmHg (n 5 19, not significant)], or to L-arginine (1023 M) [WKY, 7.7 6 0.8 to 6.3 6 0.4 (n 5 10, P , 0.05) vs. SHR, 10.4 6 0.7 to 10.6 6 0.7 mmHg (n 5 10, not significant)]. Neither BH4 (1024 M) nor sepiapterin (1024 M), its stable precursor, modified TGF responses in WKY or in SHR, nor did they restore a response to microperfusion of 7-NI in SHR. In conclusion, there is a diminished role for NO from nNOS in blunting of TGF in SHR which cannot be ascribed to limited NOS expression or availability of substrate or BH4.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE HAEMATOPOIETIC POTENTIALS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TALINUM TRIANGULARE, TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS AND AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS ON 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZINE (DNPH) INDUCED ANAEMIC WISTAR RATS

Anaemia is global public health problem with prevalence higher among low-income countries. The prohibitive cost of treatment has continued to fuel interest in the screening of medicinal plants for their anti-anemic potentials. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacies of Talinum triangulare, Telfairia occidentalis and Amaranthus hybridus on 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) induced anaemic Wistar rats. The study was conducted using 45 male adult Wistar rats. Anaemia was induced using a 10 days oral administration of DNPH. The animals were treated using 30 and 60mg/kg ethanolic leaf extracts and a standard anti-anaemic drug. Haematological parameters were analyzed using standard automated methods. Results from this study indicate that treatment with ethanolic leaf extracts of T. Triangulare , T. Occidentalis and A. Hybridus all caused significant increase in the mean values of PCV, HGB, RBC, MCH, MCHC and MCV compared with the untreated anaemic rats(P<0.05). A. Hybridus caused the highest percentage increase in PCV(59.7%), HGB(48.4%), MCH(18.7%), MCV(32.6%), followed by T. Occidentalis and T. Triangulare in a decreasing order. Also, T. Triangulare and A. Hybridus caused a significant reduction in the values of WBC compared to the untreated animals (p<0.05) while the ethanolic extract of T. Occidentalis caused a significant increase in WBC compared to the untreated animals (p<0.05). Only etA. Hybridus significantly raised platelet count compared with the untreated anaemic animals (p<0.05). The present study has further validated the anti-anaemic potentials of the individual extracts of T. Triangulare , T. Occidentalis and A. Hybridus while showing their various degrees of efficacy.
Methodological Options for the Evaluation of Drug Safety: From Spontaneous Reports to Pharmacoepidemiology

Context: There is concern that a new transdermal contraceptive patch containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and the progestin norelgestromin increases the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to previously marketed oral contraceptives (OCs). Objective: Quantitative information was obtained on the risk of nonfatal VTE in women using the contraceptive patch in comparison to women using OCs, norgestimate (either monophasic or triphasic) and 35 Ag EE (norgestimate-35), an OC that has been marketed for over a decade. Design, Setting and Participants: Nested case-control design based on information from PharMetrics, a US-based company that collects and organizes information on claims paid by managed care plans. The study was nested among all women aged 15 to 44, who started either the contraceptive patch or norgestimate-35 after April 1, 2002. Cases were women with current use of one of these two study drugs and a documented diagnosis of VTE in the absence of identifiable clinical risk factors (idiopathic VTE). Up to four controls were matched to each case by age and calendar time. Main Outcome Measures: Odds ratios (ORs) comparing the risk of nonfatal VTE in new users of the two contraceptives and incidence rates of nonfatal VTE for new users of each of the study contraceptives. Results: We identified 68 newly diagnosed, idiopathic cases of VTE in the study population. In the case-control analysis, the OR comparing the contraceptive patch to norgestimate-35 was 0.9 (95% CI 0.5–1.6). The overall incidence rate for VTE was 52.8 per 100,000 women-years (95% CI 35.8–74.9) among users of the contraceptive patch and 41.8 per 100,000 women-years among users of norgestimate-35 (95% CI 29.4–57.6), and the age-adjusted VTE incidence rate ratio (IRR) for current use of the contraceptive patch vs. norgestimate-35 was 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.8). Conclusions: The risk of nonfatal VTE for the contraceptive patch is similar to the risk for OCs containing 35 Ag ethinylestradiol and norgestimate. D 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Inﬂuence of the Scanning Temperature on the Classiﬁcation of Whisky Samples Analysed by UV-VIS Spectroscopy

: The deﬁnition of the optimal temperature and its e ﬀ ects (either increasing or variations) during analysis of alcoholic beverages are of importance to develop protocols based in spectroscopy. Although several reports have been published on the use of spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to classify and authenticate alcoholic beverages (e.g., wine, tequila, whisky), few reports deal with issues related with the spectra collection (e.g., temperature, path length) and its e ﬀ ect on the classiﬁcation performances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the e ﬀ ect of increasing temperature on both the UV-VIS spectra of whisky and on the classiﬁcation results of the samples according to country of origin. Whisky samples from di ﬀ erent commercial labels were analysed at di ﬀ erent temperatures (25, 35, 45, 55 ◦ C) using a UV-VIS instrument (Agilent, Cary 3500). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models based in cross validation were used to classify whisky samples according to scanning temperature and origin. The results of this study indicated that temperature did not a ﬀ ect the classiﬁcation of whisky samples according to country of origin. Overall, well deﬁned protocols need to be deﬁned for routine use of these methods in research and by the industry.
The Massive Star Content of Circumnuclear Star Clusters in M83

The circumnuclear starburst of M83 (NGC 5236), the nearest such example (4.6 Mpc), constitutes an ideal site for studying the massive star IMF at high metallicity (12+log[O/H]=9.1$\pm$0.2, Bresolin & Kennicutt 2002). We analyzed archival HST/STIS FUV imaging and spectroscopy of 13 circumnuclear star clusters in M83. We compared the observed spectra with two types of single stellar population (SSP) models, semi-empirical models, which are based on an empirical library of Galactic O and B stars observed with IUE (Robert et al. 1993), and theoretical models, which are based on a new theoretical UV library of hot massive stars described in Leitherer et al. (2010) and computed with WM-Basic (Pauldrach et al. 2001). The models were generated with Starburst99 (Leitherer & Chen 2009). We derived the reddenings, the ages, and the masses of the clusters from model fits to the FUV spectroscopy, as well as from optical HST/WFC3 photometry.
Place attachment and ﬂood preparedness

Does place attachment and the consequent emotional connections and ties that people have with environments affect their preparedness for natural disasters, such as ﬂoods? This study took up this research question for the understudied geographical region of Orissa, India. In particular, investigation focused on three kinds of place attachment, viz. economic, genealogical, and religious. Contextualized scales for place attachment and ﬂood preparedness were developed for a survey. Data were collected from 300 residents in ﬂood prone areas. Validity and reliability of the scales were established. Overall, place attachment was found to signiﬁcantly inﬂuence ﬂood preparedness. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine whether the three factors of place attachment inﬂuence ﬂood preparedness. Controlling for confounding effects of age and family type, regression analysis revealed that people having genealogical and economic place attachment prepared for ﬂoods, but those with religious place attachment did not prepare for ﬂoods. The implications of these ﬁndings for future studies are described.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Sea Level Variations in the Tropical Paciﬁc Ocean and the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Satellite observations of sea level and surface wind from the tropical Paciﬁc Ocean, and their relationship to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), are analyzed using a combination of statistical techniques and a simple, physically based model. Wavenumber–frequency analysis reveals that sea level variations at the equator contain prominent eastward-propagating signals as the intraseasonal Kelvin waves. The component of sea level variation that is coherent with the MJO ( h MJO ) is concentratedin a narrowstrip along the equator between 150 8 E and 110 8 W. To explain the physical forcing of h MJO , the component of zonal wind stress that is coherent with the MJO ( t x MJO ) is also calculated. It is shown that t x MJO is strongest in the western Paciﬁc, but the MJO accounts for a higher percentage of the wind variance in the central equatorial Paciﬁc. A simple linear model of the Kelvin waves, based on a ﬁrst-order wave equation forced by t x MJO and with a linear damping term included, successfully reproduces h MJO . It is also shown that zonal wind variations to the east of the date line act to increase the apparent propagation speeds of the Kelvin waves.
Cell MyD88-Dependent T - Despite a Strong TLR2 in Systemic Infection Staphylococcus aureus T and B Cells Are Not Required for Clearing

Staphylococcus aureus infection elicits through its mature lipoproteins an innate immune response by TLR2–MyD88 signaling, which improves bacterial clearing and disease outcome. The role of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells in this immune activation and the function of T and B cells in defense against S. aureus infection remain unclear. Therefore, we ﬁrst evaluated DC and T cell activation after infection with S. aureus wild type (WT) and its isogenic mutant, which is deﬁcient in lipoprotein maturation, in vitro. Lipoproteins in viable S. aureus contributed via TLR2–MyD88 to activation of DCs, which promoted the release of IFN- g and IL-17 in CD4 + T cells. This strong effect was independent of superantigens and MHC class II. We next evaluated the function of T cells and their cytokines IFN- g and IL-17 in infection in vivo. Six days after systemic murine infection IFN- g , IL-17, and IL-10 production in total spleen cells were MyD88-dependent and their levels increased until day 21. The comparison of CD3 2 / 2 , Rag2 2 / 2 , and C57BL/6 mice after infection revealed that IFN- g and IL-17 originated from T cells and IL-10 originated from innate immune cells. Furthermore, vaccination of mice to activate T and B cells did not improve eradication of S. aureus from organs. In conclusion, S. aureus enhances DC activation via TLR2–MyD88 and thereby promotes T H 1 and T H 17 cell differentiation. However, neither T cells and their MyD88-regulated products, IFN- g and IL-17, nor B cells affected bacterial clearing from organs and disease outcome. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 000–000.
Application of Bayesian Multivariate Method to Time Dependent Data

Abbstract– Time dependent data have widespread scientiﬁc applications. A very interesting area of its applications is growth curve models. Researchers have considered these models under di ﬀ erent real-world scenarios, including complicated variance-covariance structures with autocorrelations. In this paper, the goal is to incorporate these types of structures into the models for multivariate random variables under Bayesian formality. Due to the complexity of the models many other models in literature have to make compromising assumptions. However, this paper will make Bayesian estimates of parameters for these highly complicated models with greater similarity to real world situations. Through judicial choices of priors, we obtain highly informative posteriors in the estimation procedures. The models presented in this paper are useful and competitive alternatives to frequentist’s approach.
Characterization of the internalization pathways for the cystic ﬁbrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Characterization of the internalization pathways for the cystic ﬁbrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Am. J. Physiol. 276 ( Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L659–L668, 1999. —Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic ﬁbrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel give rise to the most common lethal genetic disease of Caucasian populations, CF. Although the function of CFTR is primarily related to the regulation of apical membrane chloride permeability, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and functional studies indicate that CFTR is also present in endosomal and trans Golgi compartments. The molecular pathways by which CFTR is internalized into intracellular compartments are not fully understood. To deﬁne the pathways for CFTR internalization, we investi- gated the association of CFTR with two specialized domains of the plasma membrane, clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. Internalization of CFTR was monitored after cell surface biotinylation and quantitation of cell surface CFTR levels after elution of cell lysates from a monomeric avidin column. Cell surface levels of CFTR were determined after disruption of caveolae or clathrin-coated vesicle formation. Biochemical assays revealed that disrupting the formation of clathrin- coated vesicles inhibited the internalization of CFTR from the plasma membrane, resulting in a threefold increase in the steady-state levels of cell surface CFTR. In contrast, the levels of cell surface CFTR after disruption of caveolae were not different from those in control cells. In addition, although our studies show the presence of caveolin at the apical membrane domain of human airway epithelial cells, we were unable to detect CFTR in puriﬁed caveolae. These results suggest that CFTR is constitutively internalized from the apical plasma membrane via clathrin-coated pits and that CFTR is excluded from caveolae. I-transferrin, uptake, the cells to 37°C to 2°C after 10 min. The cells were washed at 2°C twice with medium-1% BSA, three times with PBS-1% BSA, and then four times with PBS. The cells were released from the ﬁlters by incubation for , 30 min in PBS containing 0.5% trypsin at 2°C, transferred to a microcentrifuge tube, and rotated in the same medium for , 45 min to ensure complete release of 125 I from the cell surface. Serum (10%) was added to quench the trypsin, and the cells were centrifuged (10,000 g for 5 min) and washed by resuspension in PBS. The superna-tant contained surface-bound 125 I-transferrin, and the cell pellet, which contained internalized 125 I-transferrin, was analyzed for radioactivity. When the effect of hypertonic exposure or K 1 depletion was examined, transferrin uptake was measured in hypertonic DMEM-Ham’s F-12 medium or K 1 -free medium.