Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking of current generation overlay systems at the 130-nm technology node

The Overlay Metrology Advisory Group (OMAG) is a group comprised of technical experts in the field of optical metrology from International SEMATECH Member Companies and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This council created a specification for overlay metrology benchmarking which indicates the critical parameters to be addressed in order to comply with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for the 130-nm technology node. A benchmarking study was completed that compares several of the currently available overlay metrology tools. This paper contains the methodologies for benchmarking overlay metrology tools, a comparison of repeatability, reproducibility, throughput, tool-induced shift (TIS) variability, accuracy, and TIS through focus measurements between the participating tools. The tools were identified to the International SEMATECH Member Companies and the appropriate tool suppliers. The identity of the tools will remain only with these select groups. This paper intends to serve as a reference to the current tools' ability to meet the ITRS Roadmap specifications for the 130-nm technology node.
The algal PETC-Pro171-Leu suppresses electron transfer in the cytochrome b6f complex under acidic lumenal condition

Linear photosynthetic electron flow (LEF) produces NADPH and generates a proton electrochemical potential gradient across the thylakoid membrane used to synthesize ATP, both of which are required for CO2 fixation. As cellular demand for ATP and NADPH are variable, cyclic electron flow (CEF) between PSI and cytochrome b6f complex (b6f) produces extra ATP. The b6f regulates LEF and CEF via photosynthetic control, which is a pH-dependent b6f slowdown of plastoquinol oxidation at the lumenal site. This protection mechanism is triggered at more alkaline lumen pH in the pgr1 mutant of the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, carrying Pro194Leu in the b6f Rieske Iron-sulfur protein. In this work, we introduced pgr1 mutation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (PETC-P171L). Consistent with pgr1 phenotype, PETC-P171L displayed an impaired NPQ induction along with slower photoautotrophic growth under high light conditions. Our data provides evidence that the ΔpH component in PETC-P171L is dependent on oxygen availability. Only under low oxygen conditions the ΔpH component was sufficient to trigger a phenotype in algal PETC-P171L where the mutant b6f was more restricted to oxidize the PQ pool and showed a diminished electron flow through the b6f complex. One sentence summary Change of PETC to P171L via site directed mutagenesis alters the pH dependency of the photosynthetic control mechanism
Model of generator saturation for use in power-system studies

The representation of magnetic saturation of generators in power system studies is re-examined in the light of new test data obtained on 500 MW and 660 MW units. A new saturation model, of adequate simplicity for use in multi-machine studies, is formulated and checked for accuracy. The parameters for use in the model are obtained firstly from no-load measurements but later in the paper it is shown that the parameters can be obtained from on-load measurements. The primary incentive for the work was to devise a method for the accurate calculation of generator rotor angle when operating at leading power factors. In the event, the model is shown to produce accurate calculation of both rotor angle and excitation requirements over the whole of the normal operating range.
Remote monitoring and control of autonomous underwater vehicles

Oceanographic data gathering techniques are moving away from simple sensors completely under the control of the user, towards smart systems such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that are capable of operating without user intervention. However, artiicial intelligence cannot yet match human intelligence, and the ability to remotely monitor and control these otherwise autonomous systems throughout the data collection process is highly desirable. Communications links to these underwater systems via acoustic modems and the Internet are becoming increasingly viable. This thesis investigates the problems arising from combining these developing technologies for oceanographic data-gathering purposes. Towards the goal of remotely monitoring and controlling an AUV during a mission, this thesis explores various methods of vehicle control, mission reconnguration, data transmission , data robustness, interconnectivity with the Internet, and communication with and between multiple AUVs. We have run tests using laboratory simulation and over 25 eld experiments in the Charles River and Buzzard's Bay with MIT Sea Grant's Odyssey II AUV, using a pair of radio modems to simulate the acoustic link. Our primary research accomplishment has been to demonstrate control of the Odyssey II during a Charles River mission from a workstation located on the Internet back at the MIT Sea Grant computer laboratory. Acknowledgments The author would like to thank the following people without whom this thesis would not have been possible. Mom and Dad for supporting my decision to go into engineering, even though they wanted me to go into medicine. Chrys Chryssostomidis for heading and directing the MIT Sea Grant Laboratory where this research took place. James Bellingham, for founding the MIT Sea Grant AUV Lab, and spearheading the development of the Odyssey II class AUV. Seamus Tuohy for his assistance with multicasting protocols on the Internet. Thomas Consi for introducing me to MIT Sea Grant. Bradley Moran for his programming assistance with the software produced in this research. James Bales and Cliiord Goudey for a thorough introduction to the Odyssey II AUV, and assistance with hardware used in this research. Robert Grieve and Joe Ziehler for their invaluable help producing, xing, and operating the equipment used in this research. for their assistance during eld operations and presence as friends. Zengotita for keeping the organization running. And John Leonard for all the reasons outlined above, but most importantly for his guidance and steadfast support throughout the course of my research and writing.
A Pandemic’s Punitive Pedagogy: Education and the Organic Crisis of the Global Neoliberal Order

The Covid-19 pandemic entailed a cruel pedagogy with regard to neoliberalism. Neoliberalism embodies a multifaceted process whereby the post-1945 Fordist compromise was gradually transformed, after the mid-1970s, into a world order privileging business competition, both as a daily practice and a philosophy of rule. This order has been enmeshed in an “organic crisis” since 2007-08, which has progressively revealed neoliberalism’s problematic status in relation not only to the practice of democracy, but to the survival of the species. This article focuses specifically on the ways in which the pandemic has not only illuminated neoliberalism’s core contradictions, but portends their intensification and widening impact.
Paleomagnetic Results from Western Anatolia: Evidence of Microblock Rotations after Emplacement of the Lower Miocene Yuntdağ Volcanic Rocks

The eastern Aegean region has undergone north dipping subduction in the Oligocene, continental collision and then Miocene-Pliocene extension, which is associated with widespread Miocene volcanism. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of block rotations due to stress variations in the Dikili (İzmir) province, Western Anatolia, based on paleomagnetic data obtained from 35 independent sites in addition to results from 19 sites in earlier studies. The lower Miocene Yuntdağ volcanic rocks were emplaced in three different structural blocks, the Dikili, Zeytindağ and Bergama blocks. Clockwise rotation is found in the Dikili and Zeytindağ blocks that varies from R (± DR) = 12.5° (± 7.4°) in the west to R (± DR) = 35.6°± (13.2°) in the east, respectively. In contrast, a counterclockwise rotation of R (± DR) =-38.1° (± 6.4°) resulted in the Bergama block, in the north of the Dikili and Zeytindağ blocks. A scissor-like basin evolution is suggested during the opening of the Bakırçay graben which led to counterclockwise rotation of the Bergama block and clockwise rotation of the Dikili and Zeytindağ blocks after lower Miocene to present. The rotation pattern derived from results of this study demonstrates that localized small scale deformation due to basin evolution besides regional affects must be considered as part of the deformation matrix in this area.
Mining Indirect Temporal Sequential Patterns in Large Transaction Databases

Sequential pattern is an important research topic in data mining and knowledge discovery. Traditional algorithms for mining sequential patterns focus on the frequent sequences, which do not consider the infrequent sequences and lifespan of each sequence. On the one hand, some infrequent patterns can provide very useful insight view into the data set, on the other hand, without taking lifespan of each sequence into account, not only some discovered patterns may be invalid, but also some useful patterns may not be discovered. So, we extend the sequential patterns to the indirect temporal sequential patterns, and put forward an algorithm to discover indirect temporal sequential patterns in this paper.
A comprehensive phylogeography of the widespread pond snail genus Radix revealed restricted colonization due to niche conservatism

Abstract To clarify the effect of niche conservatism on evolutionary history, we focused on freshwater snails, which have different ecological and phylogenetic properties from previously tested taxa. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using 750 lymnaeid individuals from 357 sites of eleven Radix species. Then, we estimated the ancestral distribution using the geographic coordinates and colonization routes. In addition, a statistical test of the colonization distances in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions was performed. We also conducted ecological niche modeling for two widely distributed species using climatic data. Ancestral geographic reconstruction estimated the origin of the genus to be around the Indian subcontinental region and showed that latitudinal immigration distances were shorter than longitudinal immigration distances in the diversification process. Ecological niche models suggested that the current distribution was restricted by climate, with annual mean temperature and precipitation of the driest month as particularly strong factors. Niche conservatism to the climate can affect the diversification of freshwater snails.
New silicon epitaxial avalanche diode for single-photon timing at room temperature

A new silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with epitaxial structure is presented. The carrier diffusion effect, which has plagued the time response of previous SPADs, is strongly reduced. The resolution obtained, less than 30ps full width at half-maximum, is the highest so far reported in single-photon timing.
A CMOS UWB Pulse Generator for 6–10 GHz Applications

A CMOS ultra wideband (UWB) pulse generator with low energy dissipation and high peak amplitude is presented for 6-10 GHz applications. The pulse generator complies with the FCC spectral mask for indoor UWB systems. It consists of a glitch generator, a pulsed oscillator, and a pulse shaping filter. The pulsed oscillator is switched on by the glitch signal only for a short duration, so as to make a UWB pulse. For sub-nanosecond pulse generation, a pulsed oscillator with fast transient response is proposed. A pulse shaping filter makes the oscillator output fall into the FCC spectral mask. The pulse generator is fabricated using a 0.18 mum CMOS process. The core chip has a size of 0.11 mm2. It shows pulse duration of about 500 ps with -10 dB bandwidth of 4.5 GHz from 5.9 to 10.4 GHz. The energy consumption is 27.6 pJ per pulse with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 673 mV on a 50 Omega output load. The generated pulses are very coherent with 1.8 ps RMS jitter.
Slot aerials and their relation to complementary wire aerials (Babinet's principle)

A half-wave slot in a metal sheet may be used as a resonant aerial in a manner similar to a half-wave dipole. The polar diagrams are the same, but the directions of vibration of the electric and magnetic fields are interchanged. If the slot is driven by means of a transmission line connected between opposite edges at the centre, the input impedance at resonance is about 485 ohms. The relation between resonant dipoles and resonant slots is an example of what in optics is known as Babinet's principle. This principle is established in the form required for electromagnetism and quantitative relations are deduced from it. Arrays of slots may be fed by transmission lines or wave guides to form linear or broadside aerials. Resonant gratings of slots may be used to polarize incident waves or act as band-pass filters. Single resonant slots may be used in wave guides in the same way as paralleltuned circuits are shunted across transmission lines. All devices adopted in connection with wire aerials have complements for slot aerials. Slots and dipoles may be combined to produce aerials with special polarization properties. Slots (with dielectric plugs) may be used in the skin of aircraft to provide dragless aerials. In addition, Babinet's principle may be used to reduce new problems to old ones whose solution is already known. These include problems connected with discontinuities in transmission lines, wave guides with corrugated sides, magnetron cavities, and the leakage of electromagnetic radiation through holes in metal walls. There is a wide variety of problems, both practical and theoretical for which it is always wise to consider the possibility of applying Bubinet's principle.
Genotyping by sequencing suggests overwintering of Peronospora destructor in southwestern Québec, Canada

Abstract Several Peronospora species are carried by wind over short and long distances, from warmer climates where they survive on living plants to cooler climates. In eastern Canada, this annual flow of sporangia was thought to be the main source of Peronospora destructor responsible for onion downy mildew. However, the results of a recent study showed that the increasing frequency of onion downy mildew epidemics in eastern Canada is associated with warmer autumns, milder winters, and previous year disease severity, suggesting overwintering of the inoculum in an area where the pathogen is not known to be endogenous. In this study, genotyping by sequencing was used to investigate the population structure of P. destructor at the landscape scale. The study focused on a particular region of southwestern Québec—Les Jardins de Napierville—to determine if the populations were clonal and regionally differentiated. The data were characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium, characteristic of clonal organisms. Consequently, the null hypothesis of random mating was rejected when tested on predefined or nonpredefined populations, indicating that linkage disequilibrium was not a function of population structure and suggesting a mixed reproduction mode. Discriminant analysis of principal components performed with predefined population assignment allowed grouping P. destructor isolates by geographical regions, while analysis of molecular variance confirmed that this genetic differentiation was significant at the regional level. Without using a priori population assignment, isolates were clustered into four genetic clusters. These results represent a baseline estimate of the genetic diversity and population structure of P. destructor.
Caveolae mediated endocytosis of VLDL particles in macrophages requires NPC1 and STARD3 for further lysosomal processing

Macrophages accumulate triglycerides under certain pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream as part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons. How macrophages take up and process VLDL-lipids is not very well known. Here, using VLDL-sized triglyceride-rich emulsion particles, we aimed to study the mechanism by which VLDL-triglycerides are taken up, processed, and stored in macrophages. Our results show that macrophage uptake of emulsion particles mimicking VLDL (VLDLm) is dependent on lipoproteins lipase (LPL) and requires the lipoprotein-binding C-terminal domain of LPL but not the catalytic N-terminal domain. Subsequent internalization of VLDLm-triglycerides by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by triglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lysosomal acid lipase. Transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for subsequent storage as triglycerides is mediated by Stard3, whereas NPC1 was found to promote the extracellular efflux of fatty acids from lysosomes. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL-derived triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete part of the internalized triglycerides as fatty acids. Summary Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants contribute to atherosclerosis, possibly by carrying remnant cholesterol and/or by exerting a pro-inflammatory effect on macrophage. Nevertheless, little is known about how macrophages process triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. We show that uptake by macrophages of VLDL-like particles is dependent on the enzyme lipoproteins lipase via its C-terminal domain. Subsequent internalization of VLDL-triglycerides by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by hydrolysis by lysosomal acid lipase. Transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for lipid storage is mediated by Stard3, while NPC1 promotes the extracellular efflux of fatty acids. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL-derived triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete internalized triglycerides as fatty acids.
An Assessment of Singapore Airlines Environmentally Sustainable Energy Management

— This study has examined how Singapore Airlines, a major global airline, manages its energy in an environmentally sustainable manner. The research used an in-depth qualitative longitudinal research design. The study period was from 2010/2011 to 2020/2021. Singapore Airlines four key energy sources are aircraft jet fuel, electricity, diesel, and petrol. The airline ’ s passenger aircraft jet fuel consumption grew in line with its expansion of services and aircraft flee t. The airline’s freighter aircraft fleet consumption exhibited a general downward trend. The annual electricity consumption displayed a general downward trend and benefited from the energy saving measures introduced by the airline over the study period. Diesel consumption grew in line with ground service equipment (GSE) energy requirements. The airline’s annual petrol consumption fluctuated over the study period reflecting differing fuel requirements. Throughout the study period, Singapore Airlines implemented many energy efficiency measures. These measures include an aircraft weight reduction program, the installation of extensive light emitting diode (LED) lighting, the installation of more energy efficient plant and equipment, the installation of more energy efficient heat exchange system at its Silver Kris Lounge at Changi Airport, the upgrading of lifts with a more efficient model that had a Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) motor, the installation of a large scale photovoltaic (PV) system, a computer system that optimizes the maximum zero fuel weight (MZFW) of its aircraft fleet, the use of lightweight catering items, the use of light weight aircraft containers, the use of sustainable aviation fuel, and the use of fixed electrical ground power and preconditioned air units at airports where its aircraft have night layovers or long transits.
Shoulder joint mechanics during concentric and eccentric rehabilitative exercise

Previously, kinetic and kinematic data were collected during a shoulder exercise using an impulse-momentum exercise system. This device utilizes inertial loads created by a weighted shuttle (22.2 N) traveling on a rail system and assimilates repetitive concentric-acceleration and eccentric-deceleration throughout the exercise. In the current study, the objective was to quantify the shoulder joint mechanics resulting from this instrumented exercise system when used as a rehabilitative tool. Inverse dynamic relationships were used to quantify the forces and moments acting on the shoulder joint throughout the exercise. Work and power were also compared between shoulder function and shuttle motion.
Genome Assemblies of the Warthog and Kenyan Domestic Pig Provide Insights into Suidae Evolution and Candidate Genes for African Swine Fever Tolerance

As warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) has innate immunity against African swine fever (ASF), it is critical to understand the evolutionary novelty of warthog to explain its specific ASF resistance. Here, we present two completed new genomes of one warthog and one Kenyan domestic pig, as the fundamental genomic references to decode the genetic mechanism on ASF tolerance. Our results indicated, multiple genomic variations, including gene losses, independent contraction and expansion of specific gene families, likely moulded warthog’s genome to adapt the environment. Importantly, the analysis of the presence and absence of genomic sequences revealed that, the warthog genome had a DNA sequence absence of the lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) gene on chromosome 2 compared to the reference genome. The overexpression and siRNA of LDHB indicated that its inhibition on the replication of ASFV. Combining with large-scale sequencing data of 123 pigs from all over the world, contraction and expansion of TRIM genes families revealed that TRIM family genes in the warthog genome were potentially responsible for its tolerance to ASF. Our results will help further improve the understanding of genetic resistance ASF in pigs.
Validation of a Dry Electrode System for EEG

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used for over 80 years to monitor brain activity. The basic technology of using electrodes placed on the scalp with conductive gel or paste (“wet electrodes”) has not fundamentally changed in that time. An electrode system that does not require conductive gel and skin preparation represents a major advancement in this technology and could significantly increase the utility of such a system for many human factors applications. QUASAR, Inc. (San Diego, CA) has developed a prototype dry electrode system for EEG that may well deliver on the promises of dry electrode technology; before any such system could gain widespread acceptance, it is essential to directly compare their system with conventional wet electrodes. An independent validation of dry vs. wet electrodes was conducted; in general, the results confirm that the data collected by the new system is comparable to conventional wet technology.