Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Un cadre général pour l'analyse de conflits

Résumé Cet article présente plusieurs contributions au " Conﬂict Driven Clauses Learning " (CDCL), qui est une des composantes clés des solveurs SAT mo-dernes. Tout d’abord, nous montrons que, à partir du graphe d’implication, les clauses assertives obtenues en utilisant le principe du premier point d’implication unique (" First Unique Implication Point " (FUIP)) sont optimales en terme de saut arrière. Puis nous proposons une extension du graphe d’implication contenant de nouveaux arcs appelés arcs arrières. Ces arcs sont obtenus en tenant compte des clauses satisfaites qui sont habituellement ignorées par l’analyse du conﬂit. Cette extension capture plus ﬁdèlement l’ensemble du processus de propagation et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour les approches fondées sur CDCL. Entre autres avantages, notre extension du graphe d’impli-cation conduit à un nouveau schéma d’analyse des conﬂits qui exploite les arcs ajoutés et permet des retours arrières plus haut dans l’arbre de recherche. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que l’intégration de notre système d’analyse des conﬂits généralisés au sein de solveurs dernier-cri améliore sensiblement leurs performances.
The Choice of Mean Reversion Stochastic Process for Real Option Valuation

A main issue in financial derivatives and real opti ns valuation is the choice of an adequate stochast i model to describe the price dynamics of the underly ing asset. Particularly, in investment projects where there is significant managerial flexibility, he choice of stochastic process can have significa t impacts on the project value and, therefore, the in v stment rule. This paper discusses several criteri a for stochastic processes selection between Brownian Motion and Mean Reversion and the related theoretical, as well as practical, issues concernin g the application of these to real options valuatio n. Empirical examples are used to illustrate the metho ds described along with guidelines for their implementation.
Title: Getting back on the beat: links between auditory-motor integration and precise auditory processing at fast time scales Running title: Neural foundations of auditory-motor adaptation

The auditory system is unique in its ability to precisely detect the timing of perceptual events and use this information to update motor plans, a skill crucial for language. The characteristics of the auditory system which enable this temporal precision, however, are only beginning to be understood. Previous work has shown that participants who can tap consistently to a metronome have neural responses to sound with greater phase coherence from trial to trial. We hypothesized that this relationship is driven by a link between the updating of motor output by auditory feedback and neural precision. Moreover, we hypothesized that neural phase coherence at both fast time scales (reflecting subcortical processing) and slow time scales (reflecting cortical processing) would be linked to auditorymotor timing integration. To test these hypotheses we asked participants to synchronize to a pacing stimulus and then changed either the tempo or the timing of the stimulus to assess whether they could rapidly adapt. Participants who could rapidly and accurately resume synchronization had neural responses to sound with greater phase coherence. However, this precise timing was limited to the time scale of 10 ms (100 Hz) or faster; neural phase coherence at slower time scales was unrelated to performance on this task. Auditory-motor adaptation, therefore, specifically depends upon consistent auditory processing at fast, but not slow, time scales.
Novel Strategies for Discovery, Validation and FDA Approval of Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Brain Injury

The proposed chapter outlines novel approaches that provide an infrastructure for discovery and validation of new biomarkers of acute brain injury. Approaches to validation can be also applied to existing biomarkers of brain injury in order to provide more rigorous assessment of their clinical utility. Importantly, there are currently no biomarkers of brain injury approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The chapter reviews approaches critical for securing FDA approval of biomarkers of brain injury and disease, focusing on traumatic brain injury (TBI). The chapter reviews proteomics techniques applied for the first time to discovery of biomarkers of central nervous system (CNS). These techniques include refined mass spectrometry technology and high throughput immunoblot techniques. Output from these approaches can identify potential candidate biomarkers employing systems biology and data mining methods that will also be described. Once potential biomarkers have been identified, it is important to provide information on their clinical utility for diagnosis, management and prognosis of patients exposed to brain injuries. This section of the chapter will review both preclinical and clinical methods for biomarker validation. Preclinical models discussed include rodent models of closed head injury such as the controlled cortical impact (CCI) device. Consideration will also be given to the design and results from human clinical trials validating biomarkers of mild, moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Human studies will include detailed analyses of the biokinetics of different biomarkers in order to understand their utility in acute, subacute and chronic phases of TBI. Consideration will also be given to relationships between levels of biomarkers and magnitude of acute injury, CT imaging profiles, occurrence of secondary insults and long term outcome. To achieve practical clinical utility, it is important to develop highly sensitive and specific assays for individual biomarkers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the current choice for clinical use, since this assay technology provides reliable, quantitative and accurate data. ELISA technologies relevant to biomarker measurement will be discussed. Once ELISA assays for individual biomarkers have been developed, these assays need to be transferred to devices that are appropriate for the clinical application and medical
Morpho-Physiological Traits Linked to High Temperature Stress Tolerance in Tomato (S. lycopersicum L.)

The identification of heat tolerance traits that express across environments is key to the successful development of high temperature tolerant tomatoes. A replicated experiment of 145 tomato genotypes was established at two temperature regimes in two planting seasons using hydroponics in a poly greenhouse to assess high temperature tolerance. Electrolyte leakage, number of inflorescences, number of flowers and fruits, fresh fruit weight and fresh and dry plant weight were measured and genotype and temperature treatment differences were observed for all traits. Planting season impacted all traits except electrolyte leakage and number of flowers. High temperature reduced number of fruits by 88.8%, flower fruit set ratio by 77.2% and fresh fruit weight by 79.3%. In contrast, traits little impacted by temperature included number of flowers per inflorescence (1.3%) and plant dry weight (11.1%). The correlation between plant dry weight under both high and optimal temperature was significant (R2 = 0.82). To assess the effectiveness of plant dry weight and flower-fruit set ratio for selection under heat stress two subsets of genotypes (A and B) comprising ten and six genotypes respectively, were subsequently selected on the basis of their dry weight loss and flower-fruit set ratio under high temperature. Organic metabolite analyses of set A and B respectively, showed a significant change (%) in citric acid (77.4 and 15.4), L-proline (117.8 and 40.2), aminobutyric acid (68.6 and 11.8), fructose (24.9 and 21.3), malic acid (50.3 and 42.7), myo-inositol (55.1 and 6.1), pentaerythitol (54.1 and 39.0) and sucrose (34.7 and 25.8). The change (%) in all metabolites was greater in heat tolerant genotypes with the exception of fructose and sucrose where sensitive genotypes produced a higher variation. The change in sucrose in tolerant genotypes was variable in subset A and more uniform in subset B. Flower-fruit set ratio was found as a reliable trait for discriminating between heat tolerant and sensitive genotypes and the sucrose levels in plant tissues provided confirmation of the heat stress response.
An Arranged Marriage: Integrating DKPro Core in the Language Analysis Portal

In this paper we describe an ongoing effort to create an inter-operation framework that makes accessible the DKPro Core repository of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools with the CLARINO Language Analysis Portal (LAP). The effort includes creating a mapping between the LAP Exchange Format and DKPro Core and integration of DKPro components in LAP.
3 D Ultrasonic Stick for Blind Osama

Today technology is improving daily in different aspects in order to provide flexible and safe movement for the people. In this technology driven world, where people strive to live independently, this paperpropose a low cost 3D ultrasonic stick for blind people to gain personal independence, so that they can move from one place to another easily and safety. A portable stick is design and developed that detects the obstacles in the path of the blind using ultrasonic sensors. It consists of these sensors to scan three different directions, a microcontroller, buzzer and DC vibration motor. The buzzer and vibration motor is activated when any obstacle is detected. In addition, the stick is equipped with GPS and SMS message system. GPS system provide the information regarding the location of the blind person using the stick to his family members. SMS system is used by the blind to send SMS message to the saved numbers in the microcontroller in case of emergency. The programming of GPS modem, GSM modem, buzzer and vibration motor has been successfully done for this system. Computer simulation is done to essence the performance of the system using Proteous software and Easy pic kit.
Visual Analysis of Geolocated Echo Chambers in Social Media

In news media, echo chambers refer to situations in which information is ampliﬁed or reinforced by communication and repetition. The characteristic of an echo chamber is, therefore, the absence of controversial discussions and a narrow set of opinions about a topic. We propose the use of Visual Analytics to describe spatiotemporal distributions of echo chambers using Twitter data, for speciﬁc geolocated events, such as concerts, strikes, demonstrations, etc. We analyze the echo chambers for Boston Marathon Bombing that took place on April 15, 2013. The social groups are displayed by a matrix view containing all connected components of the tweet mention graphs. To identify similar opinions, as well as, the diversity of topics in a discussion, we apply text classiﬁcation and sentiment analysis. Lastly, we present initial ﬁndings based on real-world data.
Back Pain in Adolescent Athletes: Results of a Biomechanical Screening

Abstract The aim was to use a short biomechanical test battery to screen adolescent athletes with and without back pain to reveal relevant and possibly preventable deficits. 1 559 adolescent athletes (m/f 945/614; 13.2±1.6y) were included. Back pain was assessed (1–5: 1=no pain; 5=maximum pain) for dichotomous categorization into back pain (BP: pain>2, n=113), healthy (NBPAll: pain=1, n=1 213) and matched healthy (NBPmatched: pain=1, n=113) athletes. Athletes performed stability, performance (jumps) and trunk strength testing. The center of pressure displacement [mm], jump height [cm], peak force [N], contact time [ms] and peak torque of the trunk [Nm] were analyzed. Analysis showed a statistically significant influence of trunk strength on back pain (BP/NBPALL). Nevertheless, after including co-variables (anthropometrics, gender and training volume), there were no significant variables detectable any longer. ANOVA identified no group differences (BP/NBPmatched) in the outcome measurement for the biomechanical tests (p>0.05). This short biomechanical screening shows no sufficient differentiation in adolescent athletes for back pain. Therefore, age, training load and gender has greater relevance than strength deficits or postural control. This is challenging for further understanding of the complex conditions in young athletes with back pain.
Structure of mesothelin and therapeutic antibody complex

Background: Mesothelin is a tumor differentiation antigen; its binding to tumor-antigen CA-125 can lead to tumor metastasis. Results: Structures of the Fab from a therapeutic antibody MORAb-009 and its complex with an epitope-containing fragment of mesothelin are obtained. Conclusion: Overlapping binding sites for both CA-125 and MORAb-009 provides a basis for the antibody’s therapeutic effect. Significance: This work represents the first structure for mesothelin.
VB-HMM Speaker Diarization with Enhanced and Refined Segment Representation

Variational Bayes hidden Markov model (VB-HMM) is a soft speaker diarization system. It is often combined with ﬁxed length segmentation (FLS) instead of speaker change detection (SCD) to avoid SCD error propagation. However, as each segment is too short to provide enough speaker information, the emission probability (given a speaker, a segment occurs) will be noisy and inaccuracy. Therefore, we propose a VB-HMM speaker diarization system with enhanced and reﬁned segment representation. First, it enhances the segment representation with stream neighbors to extract more information of the same speaker to improve the accuracy of emission probability, and then it further reﬁnes the segment representation with speaker change points in the iteration to dislodge the information of other different speakers. The experiment results on RT09 demonstrate that, VB-HMM with enhanced and reﬁned segment representation has a relative improvement of 22.9 % compared with VB-HMM with only FLS.
An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, altered in the γ-subunit of ATP synthase, has a different pattern of intensity-dependent changes in non-photochemical quenching and kinetics of the P-to-S fluorescence decay.

A major photoprotective mechanism that plants employ against excess light involves interplay between the xanthophyll cycle and the accumulation of protons. Using mutants in the xanthophyll cycle, the roles of violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin have already been well established. In this paper, we present data on intact leaves of a mutant [coupling factor quick recovery mutant (cfq); atpC1:E244K] of Arabidopsis thaliana that we expected, based on 515-nm absorbance changes (Gabrys et al. 1994, Plant Physiology 104, 769-776), to have differences in light-induced ΔpH. The significance of this paper is: (i) it is the first study of the photoprotective energy dissipation involving a mutant of the pH gradient; it establishes that protons play an important role in the pattern of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence; and (ii) differences between the cfq and the wild type (wt) are observed only under subsaturating light intensities, and are strongest in the initial few minutes of the induction period. Our results on light-intensity dependent Chl* a fluorescence transients (the Kautsky effect), and on NPQ of Chl a fluorescence, at 50-250 μmol photons m-2 s-1 demonstrate: (i) the 'P-to-S' (or 'T') decay, known to be related to [H+] (Briantais et al. 1979, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 548, 128-138), is slowed in the mutant; and (ii) the pattern of NPQ kinetics is different in the initial 100 s - in the wt leaves, there is a marked rise and decline, and in the cfq mutant, there is a slowed rise. These differences are absent at 750 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Pre-illumination and nigericin (an uncoupler that dissipates the proton gradient) treatment of the cfq mutant, which has lower ΔpH relative to wild type, confirm the conclusion that protons play an important role in the quenching of Chl a fluorescence.
Analysis of organic compounds in aerosols. A review

In the review the organic aerosol analysis has been presented. The interest has been focused on the procedures and methods used for identification and quantification of organic compounds in the particulate matter. The common procedure for organic aerosol analysis includes several steps: sample collection on the fiber filters, extraction oforganics, sample pretreatment (e.g. pre-separation, derivatisation, pre-concentration), analysis by gas chromatography. There are also alternative instrumental techniques, which allow one to overcome the limitations of the conventional capillary gas chromatography and to avoid complicated and time-consuming sample handling. They have been also discussed in this paper.
Heterogeneous Spatial Quality for Omnidirectional Video

A video with heterogeneous spatial quality is a video where some regions of the frame have a different quality than other regions (for instance, a better quality could mean more pixels and less encoding distortion). Such a quality-variable encoding is a key enabler of Virtual Reality application, with 360-degree videos. So far, the main technique that has been proposed to prepare spatially heterogeneous quality is based on the concept of tiling. More recently, Facebook has implemented another approach: the offset projection where more emphasis is put on a specific direction of the frame. In this paper, we study quality-variable 360-degree videos with two main contributions. First, we provide the theoretical analysis of the offset projection and show the impact of the parameter settings on the video quality. Second, we propose another approach which consists in preparing the 360-degree video from a Gaussian pyramid of downscaled and blurred versions of the video. We perform an evaluation of tiling, offset and Gaussian-based approaches in representative scenarios of heterogeneous spatial quality in 360-degree videos and highlight the main trade-off to consider when implementing these approaches.
ACID- ALKALI DEGRADATION STUDY ON OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL AND DEVELOPMENT OF VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS

A reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometry methods as a stability indicating assays of olmesartan medoxomil in presence of its acid or alkaline induced degradation products were developed. Olmesartan medoxomil and its degradation products were analyzed by HPLC equipped with UV-Variable wave length detector at 257 nm where quantitation was achieved by isocratic elution on Agilent, Exclipse XDB- C 18 column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: methanol: water: glacial acetic acid (40:35:25:0.1 v/v/v/v) at flow rate 1ml min.-1. HPTLC was performed on aluminum packed Nano silica gel 60 F 254 TLC plates as stationary phase with significant difference in Rƒ values between olmesartan medoxomil and its degradates using chloroform: methanol: formic acid (8:1.5:0.5 v/v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric evaluation of intact drug was carried out at 260 nm. The calibration curve of olmesartan medoxomil in bulk form was linear from 0.5- 10 µg ml-1 and 0.05- 1 mg ml-1 with mean percentage accuracy 99.97 ± 1.085 % and 100.35 ± 1.060 % for HPLC and HPTLC methods, respectively. The two proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of olmesartan medoxomil in drug substance and in drug product. Methods validation was tested for linearity; accuracy; precision; selectivity and robustness, according to USP guidelines.
Sound Logos’ Brand Impact 1 THE IMPACT OF SOUND LOGOS ON CONSUMER BRAND EVALUATION

Acoustic elements have recently gained in importance in the context of changing conditions for brand communication. In this context, short identifying acoustic elements, known as sound logos, are becoming an integral part of consistent acoustic brand management. We model the impact of perceived fit of a sound logo with a brand (perceived fit) and of consumer attitudes towards a sound logo (consumer attitudes) on consumer brand evaluation. To validate the model, we apply structural equation modeling to 340 responses from an online experiment. In doing so, we differentiate between sound logos and continuous background music in three industries. To obtain a realistic evaluation, the study took a new approach and used genuine sound logos (recently introduced or from foreign brands) in association with genuine ads and footage. We found support for the relationship between consumer attitudes and brand evaluation. However, the impact of perceived fit on brand evaluation was only supported for the background music condition. For sound logos, the impact of perceived fit on brand evaluation was fully mediated by consumer attitudes in all three industries. Thus, consumers respond to sound logos with a high degree of fit because the fit stimulates positive attitudes towards the sound logo. These results support the general assumption that sound logos may contribute to an integrated brand identity. For companies, the results indicate the wisdom of always considering perceived fit of a sound logo along with consumer attitudes.
Design and Implementation of Compact Hybrid Four-Mode Bandpass Filter with Multi-Transmission Zeros

This paper presents a novel compact microstrip hybrid four-mode bandpass fllter (BPF) with good selectivity and multi- transmission zeros. By adding an external resonator to a triple- mode stub-loaded resonator, four modes are generated in the desired passband and a hybrid four-mode BPF is implemented. Odd- and even-mode theory is introduced to investigate the mode characteristics of triple-mode resonator in detail. Circuit model and coupling matrix are built to further explain the proposed methodology. A microstrip BPF with central frequency of 3.4GHz for wireless communication was designed and fabricated. Three transmission zeros are obtained at 3.2GHz, 3.55GHz and 3.73GHz, which improve selectivity and out- of-band rejection of the fllter. The measured results of the fabricated fllter represent good in-band and sharp sideband characteristic, which match well with simulated results.
INTEGRATING SPATIAL FUZZY CLUSTERING WITH LEVEL SET METHODS FOR LIVER SEGMENTATION FROM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS

This article presents a fully automatic segmentation method of liver CT scans using fuzzy cmean clustering and level set. First, the difference of unique image is improved to make boundaries clearer; second, a spatial fuzzy c-mean clustering combining with anatomical previous information is engaged to extract liver area automatically Thirdly, a distance regularized level set is used for modification; finally, morphological operations are used as postprocessing. The experiment result shows that the method can achieve high accuracy (0.9986) and specificity (0.9989). Comparing with standard level set method, our method is more successful in dealing with over-segmentation difficulty.
Predicting Haskell Type Signatures From Names

Neural Program Synthesis has been a fast-growing field with many exciting advances such as translating natural language into code. However, those applications often suffer from the lack of high-quality data, as it is fairly difficult to obtain code annotated with natural language that transcribes its functionality precisely. Therefore, we want to understand what information we can automatically extract from source code to facilitate program synthesis, without explicit supervision. Specifically, we study the problem of predicting type signatures given identifier names. We focus on Haskell, a strongly typed functional language, and collect data from Haskell repositories on GitHub. We propose a structured prediction model that not only explicitly leverages the tree structure of Haskell types, but also takes advantage of context information. Our model achieves 27.28% signature accuracy and 61.65% structural accuracy on the test set.