Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope (CCAT): a 25-m aperture telescope above 5000-m altitude

Cornell, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) have joined together to study development of a 25 meter sub-millimeter telescope (CCAT) on a high peak in the Atacama region of northern Chile, where the atmosphere is so dry as to permit observation at wavelengths as short as 200 μm. The telescope is designed to deliver high efficiency images at that wavelength with a total one-half wavefront error of about 10 μm. With a 20 arc min field of view, CCAT will be able to accommodate large format bolometer arrays and will excel at carrying out surveys as well as resolving structures to the 2 arc sec resolution level. The telescope will be an ideal complement to ALMA. Initial instrumentation will include both a wide field bolometer camera and a medium resolution spectrograph. Studies of the major telescope subsystems have been performed as part of an initial Feasibility Concept Study. Novel aspects of the telescope design include kinematic mounting and active positioning of primary mirror segments, high bandwidth secondary mirror segment motion control for chopping, a Calotte style dome of 50 meter diameter, a mount capable of efficient scanning modes of operation, and some new approaches to panel manufacture. Analysis of telescope performance and of key subsystems will be presented to illustrate the technical feasibility and pragmatic cost of CCAT. Project plans include an Engineering Concept Design phase followed by detailed design and development. First Light is planned for early 2012.
Two- and three-body color flux tubes in the chromodielectric model

Using the framework of the chromodielectric model we perform an analysis of color electric flux tubes in mesonlike qq and baryonlike qqq quark configurations. We discuss the Abelian color structure of the model and point out a symmetry in color space as a remnant of the SU(3) symmetry of QCD. The generic features of the model are discussed by varying the model parameters. We fix these parameters by reproducing the string tension {tau}=980 MeV/fm and the transverse width {rho}=0.35 fm of the qq flux tube obtained in lattice calculations. We use a bag constant B{sup 1/4}=(240-260) MeV, a glueball mass m{sub g}=(1000-1700) MeV, and a strong coupling constant C{sub F}{alpha}{sub s}=0.2-0.3. We show that the asymptotic string profile of an infinitely long flux tube is already reached for qq separations R{>=}1.0 fm. A connection to the dual color superconductor is made by extracting a magnetic current from the model equations and a qualitative agreement between the two descriptions of confinement is shown. In the study of the qqq system we observe a {delta}-like geometry for the color electric fields and a Y-like geometry in the scalar fields both in the energy density distribution and in the corresponding potentials. The resultingmore » total qqq potential is described neither by the {delta}-picture nor by the Y-picture alone. « less
Dedicated to my family

The characterization of genetic mechanisms underlying normal cellular function, pathogenesis or the effect of drug treatment is one of the most challenging topics for todays lifesciences. The basis upon which the vast complexity and flexibility of life processes emerges is constituted by the interaction of various types of molecules such as proteins, mRNA, DNA or metabolites. The perhaps most important part of this complex signaling network is based on the interaction of proteins with the genome the gene regulatory network. Thus, genetic network inference forms an enormous drive towards understanding, both the principles and details of the machinery which underlies the operation of living cells and systemic disease mechanisms such as cancer or diabetes. The invention of high throughput screening techniques, such as DNA microarrays, and the resulting growth of biological data let data driven methods become very popular in the fields of genetic network inference. This thesis is concerned with elucidating gene regulatory network features by means of machine learning methods, more precisely, by means of graphical models. Most of the here presented approaches are related to Bayesian networks which fit the natural factorization of cellular processes into regular relationships between molecules and which are able to model causal relationships. One general problem, that data driven approaches are facing, is the noise and sparseness of given data sets. We therefore investigate measures which help to extract reliable features from Bayesian networks trained on microarray data with the goal to gain a more accurate interpretation of learned networks. The topology of such learned networks is the basis of a second approach, aiming to estimate genes that play a key role in controlling the state of regulatory genetic networks. By introducing new topological features we are able to estimate the effect of genes on the network stability finding those ones that represent the Achilles Heel of a molecular interaction
The relation between the level and uncertainty of inflation

This paper focus on the problems faced in the empirical investigation of the relation between the level and volatility of inflation. Monthly inflation series seem to be affected by both the presence of outliers and conditional heteroscedasticity. First, the paper illustrates the implications that the presence of outliers and conditional heteroscedasticity have on the usual residual diagnostics. Then, estimates of the level and volatility of inflation are obtained for each of the countries of the G-7 group. Empirical evidence for the majority of the inflation series for these countries indicates both the presence of outliers and conditional heteroscedasticity, and that estimates of the latter are sensitive to the presence of outliers. Finally, the temporal dependence found in the conditional variance is enduring.
CORC Report TR-2006-04 Characterizing Optimal Adword Auctions ∗

We present a number of models for the adword auctions used for pricing advertising slots on search engines such as Google, Yahoo! etc. We begin with a general problem formulation which allows the privately known valuation per click to be a function of both the identity of the advertiser and the slot. We present a compact characterization of the set of all deterministic incentive compatible direct mechanisms for this model. This new characterization allows us to conclude that there are incentive compatible mechanisms for this auction with a multidimensional type-space that are not affine maximizers. Next, we discuss two interesting special cases: slot independent valuation and slot independent valuation up to a privately known slot and zero thereafter. For both of these special cases, we characterize revenue maximizing and efficiency maximizing mechanisms and show that these mechanisms can be computed with a worst case computational complexity O(n2m2) and O(n2m3) respectively, where n is number of bidders and m is number of slots. Next, we characterize optimal rank based allocation rules and propose a new mechanism that we call the customized rank based allocation. We report the results of a numerical study that compare the revenue and efficiency of the proposed mechanisms. The numerical results suggest that customized rank-based allocation rule is significantly superior to the rank-based allocation rules.
Integrated Conductivity-Modulation-Based RF Magnetic-Free Nonreciprocal Components: Recent Results and Benchmarking

Achieving nonreciprocity and building nonreciprocal components through spatiotemporal modulation of material properties has attracted a lot of attention in the recent past as an alternative to the more traditional approach of exploiting Faraday rotation in magnetic materials. In this letter, we review recent research on spatiotemporal conductivity modulation, which enables low-loss, small-footprint, wide-bandwidth, and high-power-handling nonreciprocal components operating from radio frequencies to millimeter waves and integrated in a CMOS platform. Four generations of nonreciprocal circulators and circulator-based systems will be reviewed. We will also discuss metrics of performance that are important for wireless applications and standards, and introduce a new antenna (ANT) interface efficiency figure of merit ($\eta _{\text{ANT}}$ ) to enable a fair comparison between various types of antenna interfaces.
Application of Back-propagation Neural Network to Categorization of Physical Fitness Levels of Taiwanese Females

The purpose of this study is to establish the feasibility of adopting the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to predict fitness category. In this study, 2218 healthy Taiwanese females aged 20 to 65 participated. Data collected included five parameters required for the physical fitness (PF) passport: subject's age, body mass index (BMI), performance in the sit-and-reach test, 1-min bent-leg curl-ups, and cardiorespiratory endurance. The network structure of BPNN adopted here consisted of three layers: input layer (5 neurons), hidden layer (5 neurons), and output layer (4 neurons). To prove the ability of BPNN in categorizing PF accurately and speedily, its learning effect must be confirmed. To achieve this purpose, the samples were divided randomly into two parts: training samples (n=1218) and testing samples (n=1000). Thereafter, learning algorithms of the BPNN were executed. The learning rate was assumed to be 0.75, and 1000 learning cycles were run. The results demonstrated that the root mean square (RMS) for the training samples was 0.059, while the RMS for the testing samples was 0.065. Such small RMS is evidence that the BPNN converged well and had a good learning effect. On the other hand, the mean degree of accuracy of the BPNN was 96.83% in identifying body composition, 98.41% for muscular flexibility, 94.39% for muscular strength and endurance, and 97.25% for cardiorespiratory capacity. The mean degree of accuracy for these four items was as high as 96.72%. Overall, the mean relative error for categorizing PF was 3.28%, which was within the acceptable range. Therefore, the results confirmed the reliability of the BPNN for categorizing PF. BPNN can be converted into software to assess the subject's PF in a precise and speedy manner, thus eliminating the need to refer to a chart of the modular standard to decide the fitness category.
Deposited in DRO : 21 October 2015 Version of attached le : Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached

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Observations of a phytoplankton spring bloom onset triggered by a density front in NW Mediterranean

Abstract. Phytoplankton blooms in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea are seasonal events that mainly occur in a specific area comprising the Gulf of Lion and the Provencal basin, where they are promoted by a general cyclonic circulation, strong wind-driven mixing and subsequent re-stratification of the water column. At the southern boundary of this area, a persistent density front known as the north Balearic front can be found. The front is presumed to cause an early phytoplankton bloom in its vicinity because (a) it enhances the transport of nutrients into the euphotic layer and (b) it promotes the speedy re-stratification of the water column (through frontal instabilities). In February and March 2013, a glider, equipped with a CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth device) and a fluorometer, was deployed on a mission that took it from the Balearic Islands to Sardinia and back. The frontal zone was crossed twice, once during the outbound leg and the once on the return leg. The data provided by the glider clearly showed the onset of a bloom soon after a decrease in wind-driven turbulent convection and mixing. The in situ observations were supported and confirmed by satellite imagery. It is shown that frontal dynamics play a key role in the promotion and acceleration of re-stratification, which is a necessary pre-conditioning factor for the onset of blooms much like other relevant processes such as an enhanced biological pump. Swift re-stratification stimulates new production by inhibiting mixing. Finally, viewing the blooming phenomenon from a regional perspective, it seems that Sverdrup's critical depth model applies in the northern well-mixed area whereas, in the south, front-related re-stratification seems to be the principal cause.
Syntrophic oxidation of propionate at 15 ° C and 30 ° C under 2 methanogenic condition of rice field soil

9 Co-first authors who contributed equally to this work. 10 11 *Corresponding author: 12 Yahai Lu 13 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, 14 China Agricultural University 15 Beijing 100193, China 16 Phone: +86-10-62733617; Fax: +86-10-62733617 17 Email: yhlu@cau.edu. cn 18 19 Running title: Syntrophic propionate oxidation in rice field soil 20
Application of genomic information in a dairy cattle breeding scheme.

Marker assisted selection has been applied in dairy cattle breeding schemes with minor to moderate improvements in genetic gain. The cost effectiveness of it has been neutral at best in most cases. The completion of the sequencing of the bovine genome in 2006 has generated a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms to become commercially available. In addition, the cost of genotyping SNPS is markedly reduced compared to microsatellite genotyping. This technology shift will enable the ability to use genomic information in breeding schemes in a far more efficient manner through genomic selection.
Varieties of risk elicitation

We explore a variety of risk preference elicitation procedures that involve direct choice from a set of lotteries, including budget lines (BL) and binary choice lists (HL). We find statistically significant violations of the expected utility hypothesis (EUH) consistent with disappointment aversion, and also find violations of first order stochastic dominance, but both sorts of violations are mostly small and only slightly impair the predictive power of a parametric implementation of EUH. The estimated coefficient of relative risk aversion, gamma, varies widely across individual subjects (consistent with EUH) and also across elicitation tasks (inconsistent with direct implementation of EUH). An alternative nonparametric measure of risk preferences displays similar patterns. The two risk preference measures are highly correlated with each other for each elicitation task. Each separate measure varies widely across individual subjects and across elicitation tasks, with low to nil correlation between BL tasks and HL tasks. Some of the variation across tasks can be explained by attributes such as graphical vs text representation that have no role in decision theory.
THE ORIGIN OF [O ii] EMISSION IN RECENTLY QUENCHED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS HOSTS

We have employed emission-line diagnostics derived from DEIMOS and NIRSPEC spectroscopy to determine the origin of the [O ii] emission line observed in six active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts at z ∼ 0.9. These galaxies are a subsample of AGN hosts detected in the Cl1604 supercluster that exhibit strong Balmer absorption lines in their spectra and appear to be in a post-starburst or post-quenched phase, if not for their [O ii] emission. Examining the flux ratio of the [N ii] to Hα lines, we find that in five of the six hosts the dominant source of ionizing flux is AGN continuum emission. Furthermore, we find that four of the six galaxies have over twice the [O ii] line luminosity that could be generated by star formation alone given their Hα line luminosities. This strongly suggests that AGN-excited narrow-line emission is contaminating the [O ii] line flux. A comparison of star formation rates calculated from extinction-corrected [O ii] and Hα line luminosities indicates that the former yields a five-fold overestimate of the current activity in these galaxies. Our findings reveal the [O ii] line to be a poor indicator of star formation activity in a majority of these moderate-luminosity Seyferts. This result bolsters our previous findings that an increased fraction of AGN at high redshifts is hosted by galaxies in a post-starburst phase. The relatively high fraction of AGN hosts in the Cl1604 supercluster that show signs of recently truncated star formation activity may suggest that AGN feedback plays an increasingly important role in suppressing ongoing activity in large-scale structures at high redshift.
Diffusion modeling for Dip-pen Nanolithography

The diffusion model for the dip pen nanolithography is similar to spreading an ink drop on a paper. Nanolithography uses Atomic Probe Microscope like probes to deliver the ink drop on to the substrate. The model considers the ink to be molecular. Some models have been developed considering fluid ink, some with thiol inks, particulate inks and polymer inks. The models consider the fluid ink with the added factors such as flow rate, detachment rate, effect due to relative humidity, multilayer flow, the ink drop, with meniscus etc., which makes the model complicated. The aim of this paper is to create a generalized diffusion model
Cervical Motor and Nociceptive Dysfunction After an Acute Whiplash Injury and the Association With Long-Term Non-Recovery: Revisiting a One-Year Prospective Cohort With Ankle Injured Controls

Aims To explore the development of cervical motor and nociceptive dysfunction in patients with whiplash (WPs) and non-recovery based on injury-related work disability 1-year after injury when compared with ankle-injured controls (ACs). Methods A 1-year observational prospective study examining consecutive WPs and age- and sex-matched ACs at 1 week,3 months, 6 months, and 1 year post-injury using semi-structured interviews; global pain rating (VAS0-10) and the pain rating index (PRI-T) and number-of-words-chosen (NWC) from the McGill Pain Questionnaire; examining nociceptive functioning using the cold pressor test (CPT), pressure algometry, and methodic palpation, and central pain processing using counter-stimulation; and examining motor functioning by active cervical range-of-motion (CROM), and neck strength [maximal voluntary contraction flexion/extension (MVC)]. One-year work disability/non-recovery was determined using a semi-structured interview. Results A total of 141 WPs and 40 ACs were included. Total pain rating index (PRI-T) NWC were higher in ACs after 1 week but higher in WPs after 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Ongoing global pain was higher in WPs after 1 week and after 3 and 6 months but not after 1 year. Pressure pain thresholds were reduced, and palpation was higher in the neck and jaw in WPs after 1 week but was not consistently different afterward from ACs. Cervical mobility was reduced in WPs after 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months but not after 1 year, and MVC was significantly reduced in WPs when compared with ACs after 1 week and 1 year but not after 3 and 6 months. One-year non-recovery was only encountered in 11 WPs and not in the AC group. Non-recovered WPs (N-WPs) had consistently significantly higher VAS0−10, PRI-T, NWC, reduced pressure pain thresholds, raised muscle-tenderness, reduced active cervical range-of-motion, reduced active-neck-flexion/extension, and reported higher neck disability scores than recovered WPs. Of special interest, there was increasing tenderness in trigeminal-derived muscles based on palpation scores, and marked reduction of PPDT was most pronounced in N-WPs when compared with recovered WPs and ACs. Conclusion Cervical motor dysfunction and segmental nociceptive sensitization were present from early after injury in WPs and prolonged in N-WPs. Differences in trigeminal and cervical motor and sensory function in N-WPs could be of interest for future treatment studies.
Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Farming systems act as ecological filters impacting cropland associated biodiversity; however, the extent of these effects is largely unknown in the drylands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), a key conventional and organic crop production region. In this 3-year (2013–2015) on-farm study, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of conventional and organic farming systems on weed and ground beetle (carabidae) communities. We observed 25 weed species in conventional and 44 in organic fields. Weed species richness and weed species evenness were 237% and 137% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. We collected a total of 1520 beetle specimens, representing 28 species in conventional and 37 in organic fields. Beetle activity-density and species richness were 220% and 156% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. Both weed and ground beetle communities differed between conventional and organic fields, indicating that farming systems act as distinct ecological filters. We conclude that, in the drylands of the NGP, adoption of organic farming enhances weed abundance which could have potential management challenges, but provide floral resources to the pollinators and parasitoids. Similarly, greater diversity of ground beetles could enhance conservation biological control of crop pests, ultimately supporting for sustainable agriculture.
Bio-Inspired Vision and Gesture-Based Robot-Robot Interaction for Human-Cooperative Package Delivery

This research presents a novel bio-inspired framework for two robots interacting together for a cooperative package delivery task with a human-in the-loop. It contributes to eliminating the need for network-based robot-robot interaction in constrained environments. An individual robot is instructed to move in specific shapes with a particular orientation at a certain speed for the other robot to infer using object detection (custom YOLOv4) and depth perception. The shape is identified by calculating the area occupied by the detected polygonal route. A metric for the area’s extent is calculated and empirically used to assign regions for specific shapes and gives an overall accuracy of 93.3% in simulations and 90% in a physical setup. Additionally, gestures are analyzed for their accuracy of intended direction, distance, and the target coordinates in the map. The system gives an average positional RMSE of 0.349 in simulation and 0.461 in a physical experiment. A video demonstration of the problem statement along with the simulations and experiments for real world applications has been given here and in Supplementary Material.
Offset and Noise Estimation of Automotive-Grade Sensors Using Adaptive Particle Filtering

We present a sensor-fusion approach to real-time estimation of the offsets and noise characteristics found in low-cost automotive-grade sensors. Based on recent developments in adaptive particle filtering, we develop a method for online learning of the, possibly time-varying, noise statistics in the inertial and steering-wheel sensors, where we model the offsets as Gaussian random variables. The paper contains verification against several simulation and experimental data sets compared to ground truth, which shows that our method is capable of bias-free estimation of the sensor characteristics. Furthermore, the experiments indicate that the estimation results are consistent over different data sets.