Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homology and presentations of algebras

Introduction. Epstein [2 ] has published certain results on deficiencies of finite presentations of groups. It is desired here to record analogues of some of those results for finite presentations of linear algebras. For this purpose it is relevant to define a certain homology theory for algebras (§1); thereafter the discussion is closely analogous to that in [2]. A connection between cohomology and a particular homology group related to deficiencies is considered in §3. Finally it is mentioned that these facts have analogues within "commutator" varieties of groups.
The Motion of Individual Bubbles in a Bubble Swarm and the Structure of the Liquid Motion

This study describes experimental results on the wake structure generated by a bubble swarm using LDV. The authors have considered the individual bubble motion of a bubble swarm and the liquid-phase motion driven by the buoyancy. The bubbles were simultaneously released from 19 needles under precise control; two bubbles were released from each needle at a short interval; as a result a total of 38 bubbles composed the bubble swarm. The 38 bubbles were almost uniform and 2.6mm in equivalent diameter. The center-gravity motion of the each bubble was obtained from high-speed visualization. The liquid-phase motion induced by the dispersed bubble buoyancy was measured via LDV. The following results were obtained: in the frontal region of the bubble swarm, the liquid-phase motion induced by the individual bubbles of the swarm did not interact with each other; in the rear region of the bubble swarm, the liquid-phase motion intensively interacts with each other through the wakes; inside of the bubble swarm, the liquid-phase motion was affected by the center-gravity motion of each bubble.
Assessing the Processing Costs of Reading Textisms

This extract is likely to be a hoax, and the full essay was never identified (Crystal, 2008a). Nevertheless, it was cited numerous times in the media (Thurlow, 2006), reinforcing media portrayals of text language and fears regarding the impact of texting on literacy (Crystal, 2008a). Such notions of text language, however, as we will discuss, seem to be largely without basis (see Plester, Wood, & Bell, 2008; Plester, Wood, & Joshi, 2009; Thurlow & Brown, 2003; Thurlow & Poff, in press).
FORMULATIO A D EVALUATIO OF TASTE MASKED ORO-DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF O DASETRO HYDROCHLORIDE USI G IO EXCHA GE RESI

Ondansetron Hydrochloride is a 5-HT3 antagonist and anti-emetic agent. It blocks the depolarising action of 5-HT through 5-HT3 receptors. The objective of the proposed research work was to develop an optimized formulation of oro-dispersible tablets of Ondansetron HCL by complexation using ion exchange resin to overcome the problem of swallowing and provide a quick onset of action of drug in pediatric and geriatric populations. Weak acidic cationic exchange resins like Kyron T-134 were utilized for the sorption of drug. Drug-resinates was prepared in drug to resin ratio of 1:3. The prepared tablets were evaluated for general appearance, hardness, taste evaluation, mouth feel, wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets with both the resins have shown quick disintegrating features, i.e., within 20 second, which is very characteristic of oro-dispersible tablets. Also, the dispersion not showing any bitter taste, indicate the capability of ion exchange resins used. Almost more than 90 percent of drug was released from both the formulations within 1 h. Further formulations were subjected to stability testing for 3 months at temperatures 25±5oC/60±5%RH and 40±5oC/75±5%RH. There are no appreciable changes with respect to taste and dissolution profiles.
Inter-and Intraobserver Agreement Study Reliability and Validity of a Mobile Phone for Radiographic Assessment of Ankle Injuries : A Randomized

Background: Current mobile phone technology may allow orthopaedic surgeons to make clinical decisions using radiographs viewed on a small mobile device screen. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of interpreting ankle fracture images viewed on a mobile device and a computer monitor, with a hypothesis that the agreement in clinical decision making between the mobile device and computer monitor would be high. Methods: A randomized interobserver and intraobserver reliability study was conducted in which 16 mortise and lateral ankle images representing a severity spectrum of malleolar ankle, plafond, and extra-articular tibial fractures were shown to volunteer orthopaedic surgeons on both an Apple fourth-generation iPod Touch and a 23-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitor. Participants answered a multiple-choice questionnaire for each image regarding diagnosis, severity, need for higher level imaging, need for acute inpatient versus outpatient management, and plan of treatment. Interand intraobserver reliability was assessed by kappa (κ), multirater kappa statistics, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Ninety-three orthopaedic surgeon volunteers completed the study. Excellent intraobserver agreement (κ ≥ 0.8) was found for all variables measured, including diagnosis (median κ = 0.84), need for computed tomography scan (κ = 0.86), need for reduction (κ = 0.82), treatment setting (κ = 0.82), and treatment type (κ = 0.87). Interobserver agreement was consistent between the mobile device and computer screen. Interobserver agreement for the severity assessment had a slightly higher ICC for the mobile device compared with the computer monitor (ICC = 0.83 vs 0.79). Sixty-seven percent (62/93) said at the completion of the study they were “completely” or “very” comfortable using a mobile device as a primary viewing device for new emergency room, inpatient, or transfer request consults. Conclusions: Strong reliability for radiographic assessment of ankle injuries existed between a 23-inch computer monitor and a handheld mobile device. Further study is warranted to validate the technology to apply to other anatomic locations and imaging modalities. Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study.
Elisaf Fasting Glucose The Effect of Rosuvastatin on Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions in Patients With Impaired

Background: Prediabetes substantially increases cardiovascular risk. We examined the effect of rosuvastatin on the quantity and quality of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with dyslipidemia having impaired fasting glucose (IFG) compared to normoglycemic patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: This was a prospective observational study including patients with dyslipidemia and IFG (IFG group, n 1⁄4 49) matched with normoglycemic patients with dyslipidemia (control group, n 1⁄4 64). Study participants, following dietary intervention, were prescribed rosuvastatin 10 or 20 mg/d to achieve LDL-C goals. Baseline as well as 24 weeks posttreatment changes in the serum lipid profile were evaluated. Moreover, analysis of the LDL subfraction profile was conducted using a polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis method. Results: Similar effects were observed in lipid profile in both treatment groups. Patients with IFG experienced a greater decrease in the cholesterol concentration of small dense LDL particles ( 65.7%, P < .001 vs baseline) compared to controls ( 38.5%, P < .001 vs baseline; P1⁄4 .018 vs patients with IFG). There was no significant difference in the changes of cholesterol concentration of large and buoyant LDL particles in the IFG group when compared to the control group. A greater increase in the mean LDL particle size (þ1.5%, P < .001 vs baseline) was noted in the IFG group compared to the control group at 24 weeks (þ0.4%, P 1⁄4 .028 vs baseline; P 1⁄4 .008 vs IFG group). Conclusion: Targeting dyslipidemia with rosuvastatin was associated with more favorable changes in the LDL subfraction profile in patients with IFG compared to normoglycemic ones.
Traditional music as co-construct of intercultural music education

From a didactic, sociocultural, social, and communication angle, the primary school is an important link between the diversity of traditional music and different folk cultures. This work wishes to corroborate knowledge of the need for strengthening the sensibility of music education pupils towards their own musical and cultural identity as a source and stimulus for developing feelings for traditional musical and cultural pluralism in an urban environment as a co-construct of the multicultural society and intercultural dialogue. The paper presents the results of an examination of the relationships and attitudes of pupils toward traditional music after they have completed compulsory basic education. The results of the examination of a Croatian sample showed that, in the multicultural reality of contemporary society, traditional music has strong potential to serve as the foundation of intercultural music education in primary school; however, the music education curricula should be more open to multiculturalism in primary school education. An intercultural approach to primary school music education, based on traditional regional music in the role of co-constructor and to general intercultural education in the multicultural society, is necessary. This need is driven by the manifold meaning of traditional music for the development of the individual and society, and the appearance of traditional music beyond the source of its creation in various musical forms and genres, regardless of place and historical moment.
Title Use more realistic data models to evaluate sensor network data processing algorithms

Sensor network research is still in its infancy. Few real sys tem are deployed and little experimental data from sensor netwo rks is available to test proposed protocol designs. Due to lack of e xperimental data and sophisticated models derived from such data , most data processing algorithms from the sensor network literat ure are evaluated with data generated from simple parametric model s. We identify a few widely-studied classes of problems that ar e potentially sensitive to data input: Statistics estimatio n of the field data; Data compression; and Field estimation. We use them as examples to investigate the dependency of algorithm perfor mance on data. For each class of problem, given the selected problem and algorithm instance, we systematically study how the algorith m performance varies across a range of data input. We also demonstrate how different data input can change the algorithm per formance dramatically, the performance comparison between tw o algorithms may even change depending on the different data inp uts. In the end, we propose our synthetic data generation framewo rk and recommend evaluating algorithms across a wide range of d ata input.
The Limitations of Industry Concentration Measures Constructed with Compustat Data: Implications for Finance Research

Industry concentration measures calculated with Compustat data, which cover only the public firms in an industry, are poor proxies for actual industry concentration. These measures have correlations of only 13% with the corresponding U.S. Census measures, which are based on all public and private firms in an industry. Also, only when U.S. Census measures are used is there evidence consistent with theoretical predictions that more-concentrated industries, which should be more oligopolistic, are populated by larger and fewer firms with higher price-cost margins. Further, the significant relations of Compustat-based industry concentration measures with the dependent variables of several important prior studies are not obtained when U.S. Census measures are used. One of the reasons for this occurrence is that Compustat-based measures proxy for industry decline. Overall, our results indicate that product markets research that uses Compustat-based industry concentration measures may lead to incorrect conclusions. The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON WORK OUTCOMES Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah keadilan organisasi berpengaruh terhadap beberapa hasil kerja. Disini hasil kerja diukur

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational justice on work outcomes. The work outcomes can be viewed from organizational commitment, job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intention in Islamic microfinance institutions in Central Java, Indonesia. This study used three dimensions of organizational justice namely distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Using self-administrated questionnaire 370 employees from 60 Islamic microfinance institutions were surveyed in order to test nine hypothesis of this study. SEM analysis of data indicates that distributive, procedural and interactional justice have positively significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. All three dimensions of justice Volume 1, No.1, Juni 2013 33 Wahibur Rokhman Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Kudus, Indonesia e-mail: wahibur@gmail.com
Evaluation of an automatic algorithm for fitting the particle number size distributions

The multi log-normal distribution function is widely in use to parameterize the aerosol particle size distributions. The main purpose of such a parameterization is to quantitatively describe size distributions and to allow straightforward comparisons between different aerosol particle data sets. In this study, we developed and evaluated an algorithm to parameterize aerosol particle number size distributions with the multi log-normal distribution function. The current algorithm is automatic and does not need a user decision for the initial input parameters; it requires only the maximum number of possible modes and then it reduces this number, if possible, without affecting the fitting quality. The reduction of the number of modes is based on an overlapping test between adjacent modes. The algorithm was evaluated against a previous algorithm that can be considered as a standard procedure. It was also evaluated against a long-term data set and different types of measured aerosol particle size distributions in the ambient atmosphere. The evaluation of the current algorithm showed the following advantages: (I) it is suitable for different types of aerosol particles observed in different environments and conditions, (2) it showed agreement with the previous standard algorithm in about 90% of long-term data set, (3) it is not time-consuming, particularly when long-term data sets are analyzed, and (4) it is a useful tool in the studies of atmospheric aerosol particle formation and transformation.
It's Not Personal: Can Logbooks provide insights into engineering projects?

It's Not Personal: Can Logbooks provide insights into engineering projects? In C. Weber, S. Husung, M. Cantamessa, G. Cascini, D. Marjanovic, & S. Venkataraman (Eds.), DS 80-10 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 15) Vol 10: Design Information and Knowledge Management Milan, Italy, 27-30.07. 15 (Vol. 10, pp. 219230). (IECD). The Design Society. https://www.designsociety. org/publication/37992/its_not_personal_can_logb ooks_provide_insights_into_engineering_projects
Shiro Tanaka whole-cohort auxiliary information Analysis of case-cohort designs with binary outcomes : Improving efficiency using

The case-cohort design has been widely adopted for reducing the cost of covariate measurements in large prospective cohort studies. Under the case-cohort design, complete covariate data are collected only on randomly sampled cases and a subcohort randomly selected from the whole cohort. For the analysis of case-cohort studies with binary outcomes, logistic regression analysis has been routinely used. However, in many applications, certain covariates are readily measured on all samples from the whole cohort, and the case-cohort design may be regarded as a two-phase sampling design. Using this auxiliary covariate information, estimators for the regression parameters can be substantially improved. In this article, we discuss the theoretical basis of the case-cohort design derived from the formulation of the two-phase design and the improved estimators using whole-cohort auxiliary variable information. In particular, we show that the sampling scheme of the case-cohort design is substantially equivalent to that of conventional two-phase case-control studies (also known as two-stage case-control studies for epidemiologists), i.e., the methodologies of two-phase case-control studies can be directly applied to case-cohort data. Under this framework, we review and apply the following improved estimators to the case-cohort design with binary outcomes: (i) weighted estimators, (ii) a semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator, and (iii) a multiple imputation estimator. In addition, based on the framework of the two-phase design, we can obtain risk ratio and risk difference estimators without the rare-disease assumption. We illustrate these methodologies via simulations and the National Wilms Tumor Study data.
Compressible flow at high pressure with linear equation of state

Compressible flow varies from ideal-gas behaviour at high pressures where molecular interactions become important. It is widely accepted that density is well described through a cubic equation of state while enthalpy and sound speed are functions of both temperature and pressure, based on two parameters, $A$ and $B$ , related to intermolecular attraction and repulsion, respectively. Assuming small variations from ideal-gas behaviour, a closed-form approximate solution is obtained that is valid over a wide range of conditions. An expansion in these molecular interaction parameters simplifies relations for flow variables, elucidating the role of molecular repulsion and attraction in variations from ideal-gas behaviour. Real-gas modifications in density, enthalpy and sound speed for a given pressure and temperature lead to variations in many basic compressible-flow configurations. Sometimes, the variations can be substantial in quantitative or qualitative terms. The new approach is applied to choked-nozzle flow, isentropic flow, nonlinear wave propagation and flow across a shock wave, all for a real gas. Modifications are obtained for allowable mass flow through a choked nozzle, nozzle thrust, sonic wave speed, Riemann invariants, Prandtl’s shock relation and the Rankine–Hugoniot relations. Forced acoustic oscillations can show substantial augmentation of pressure amplitudes when real-gas effects are taken into account. Shocks at higher temperatures and pressures can have larger pressure jumps with real-gas effects. Weak shocks decay to zero strength at sonic speed. The proposed framework can rely on any cubic equation of state and can be applied to multicomponent flows or to more complex flow configurations.
QUANTIFICATION OF ARYLTETRALIN LIGNANS IN LINUM ALBUM ORGANS AND IN VITRO CULTURES

A procedure was developed for rapid in vitro germination of Linum album seeds by scarification and exposing to gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (Kn). Concentrations of podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and related aryltetralin lignans α-peltatin, β-peltatin, 5’-demethoxy-6-methoxypodophyllotoxin and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (MPTOX) in L. album fresh plant organs were determined by HPLC. A degree of variation was observed in lignan content in different plant parts and growth stages. It was found that PTOX is predominant in productive organs and leaves. The highest amount of PTOX (0.651 mg/100g dry wt.) and MPTOX (0.670 mg/100g dry wt.) and the total quantified lignans were found in the capsules. In vitro cultures were studied for lignans followed by high productive cell line selection. Calli cultures were more productive for MPTOX than PTOX, while suspension cells accumulate comparable amounts of PTOX and MPTOX. The highest amount of PTOX (0.301% mg/g dry wt.) was found in suspension originated immobilized cultures.
11 Monoclonal Antibodies to Intermediate Filament Proteins USE IN DIAGNOSTIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY

Surgical pathologists base diagnoses upon characteristic features of neoplasms such as gland formation, papillary structures, and the spindle shape of tumor cells. Tumors without obvious differentiated features pose diagnostic problems because they lack the features that allow an accurate identification of tumor type. In such situations, one depends upon ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy or relatively nonspecific histochemical stains to gain a clue as to the identity of the neoplasm. Clearly, what has been lacking in diagnostic pathology is a set of well-characterized tissue-specific reagents capable of distinguishing among different cells. Recently, anti-intermediate filament protein antibodies have been employed to distinguish cell type in poorly differentiated neoplasms. Intermediate filaments are unique components of the cytoskeleton, differing from the other cytoskeleton arrays, microfilaments, and microtubules, by filament diameter and protein composition. The actin-containing microfilaments and tubulin-containing microtubules are composed of similar proteins in different cell types, but the intermediate filaments of different cells are composed of a family of immunochemically distinct proteins. Thus, the different intermediate filament proteins can serve as tissue-specific markers. Five such classes of intermediate filament proteins have been described
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus : Insight the Filoviridae family q

Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus: Insight the Filoviridae family q Paolo Ascenzi , Alessio Bocedi , Julia Heptostall , Maria Rosaria Capobianchi , Antonino Di Caro , Eloise Mastrangelo , Martino Bolognesi , Giuseppe Ippolito a,* a National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R. C.C. S. ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, Via Portuense 292, I-00149 Roma, Italy b C.N. R. -I.N. F.M. and Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20131 Milano, Italy
Biological and physical forcing of carbonate chemistry in an upwelling filament off northwest Africa: Results from a Lagrangian study

The Mauritanian upwelling system is one of the most biologically productive regions of the world's oceans. Coastal upwelling transfers nutrients to the sun‐lit surface ocean, thereby stimulating phytoplankton growth. Upwelling of deep waters also supplies dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), high levels of which lead to low calcium carbonate saturation states in surface waters, with potentially adverse effects on marine calcifiers. In this study an upwelled filament off the coast of northwest Africa was followed using drifting buoys and sulphur hexafluoride to determine how the carbonate chemistry changed over time as a result of biological, physical and chemical processes. The initial pHtot in the mixed layer of the upwelled plume was 7.94 and the saturation states of calcite and aragonite were 3.4 and 2.2, respectively. As the plume moved offshore over a period of 9 days, biological uptake of DIC (37 μmol kg−1) reduced pCO2 concentrations from 540 to 410 μatm, thereby increasing pHtot to 8.05 and calcite and aragonite saturation states to 4.0 and 2.7 respectively. The increase (25 μmol kg−1) in total alkalinity over the 9 day study period can be accounted for solely by the combined effects of nitrate uptake and processes that alter salinity (i.e., evaporation and mixing with other water masses). We found no evidence of significant alkalinity accumulation as a result of exudation of organic bases by primary producers. The ongoing expansion of oxygen minimum zones through global warming will likely further reduce the CaCO3 saturation of upwelled waters, amplifying any adverse consequences of ocean acidification on the ecosystem of the Mauritanian upwelling system.