Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Monkman–Grant strain as a key parameter in ductility exhaustion damage model to predict creep rupture of grade 92 steel

Conventional strain-based numerical prediction assumes that failure occurs when ductility is exhausted or accumulation of creep strain reaches the critical failure strain. Due to instability at the onset of rupture, the failure strain value appears to be scattered and leads to the erroneousness in prediction. In this paper, a new local constraint-based damage model incorporating the Monkman–Grant ductility, as a measure of strain during uniform creep deformation stage, was implemented into a Finite Element (FE) model to predict the creep damage and rupture of Grade 92 steel under uniaxial and multiaxial stress states. The prediction was applied on plain and notched bar specimens with various notch acuities. The uniaxial stress-dependent Monkman–Grant (MG) failure strain was adopted in the FE to simulate the influence of the constraints which were induced by the creep damage. The implication of reduced failure strain in long-term creep time on the rupture prediction is discussed. The multiaxial MG failure strain of the notched bar, which has a lower value than uniaxial failure strain due to the geometrical constraint, was estimated based on the linear inverse relationship between normalised MG failure strain and normalised triaxiality factor. It was found that the results obtained from the proposed technique were in good agreement with the experimental data within the scatter band of ± factor of 2. It was shown that MG failure strain can be used as an alternative to strain at fracture. MG strain outweighed strain at fracture because the determination of its value only required short-term testing to be performed. In most cases considered in the present investigation, the rupture-type fracture was predicted, however, there was evidence that under high constraint and low stress, stable crack propagation occurred before fracture. The location of the maximum creep damage was found to be dependent on the creep time, geometry or acuity level of the specimen. For sharp notch specimen, the failure was initiated near the notch root, however, as the notch radius increased, the initiation location moved further away towards the specimen centre.
Understanding Knife Crime and Trust in Police with Young People in East London

We explore young people’s experiences and perceptions of knife crime, and we compare these to the understanding of police experts, to explore the perceptions shaping trust in the police and policing. We carry out an experience sampling survey deployed using a mobile application reflecting on safety and knife crime, to understand young people’s daily lived experiences. We then use the mental models approach to interview young people and police experts and construct a shared mental model which identifies mismatches between the two groups and key areas of discord related to breakdown of trust and communication. We identify gaps, misconceptions and expectations for re-establishing trust and propose strategies to tackle knife crime and improve trust between young people and the police.
Is de kwaliteit van de accountantscontrole gestegen?

De kwaliteit van wettelijke accountantscontroles in Nederland is al een aantal jaren onderwerp van een verhitte discussie. Zowel het kabinet, accountantsorganisaties, de Nederlandse Beroepsorganisatie van Accountants (NBA), als de Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM) hebben vergaande verbetermaatregelen aangekondigd om te werken aan een betere controlekwaliteit. Dit roept de vraag op hoe het met de controlekwaliteit in Nederland gesteld is en hoe deze zich in de afgelopen jaren heeft ontwikkeld. Controlekwaliteit is een complex en veelzijdig begrip dat bestaat uit een input-, proces-, en uitkomstniveau. In dit onderzoek richt ik mij op het uitkomstniveau van wettelijke controles: de verslaggevingskwaliteit van de gecontroleerde jaarrekening. Ik doe dit op basis van een veelgebruikte maatstaf uit de wetenschappelijke literatuur: discretionaire accruals. Resultaten tonen aan dat de uitkomstkwaliteit van wettelijke controles van beursvennootschappen in de periode 2000–2018 significant is gestegen.
Techniques of corrosion monitoring of steel rebar in reinforced concrete structures: A review

Reinforcement corrosion is a major culprit that undermines the service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. It costs billions of dollars each year in the US alone and negatively impacts safety, reliability, resilience, and environmental performance of RC infrastructure. Corrosion monitoring of steel rebar is critical to provide early warning of deficiency, enable timely and effective maintenance strategies, and prevent catastrophes associated with premature failure of RC structures. To improve corrosion monitoring in the engineering practice, this work comprehensively reviews the state of the art of five major types of techniques, that is, electrochemical sensors, optical fiber sensors, sensors based on elastic wave methods, sensing based on electromagnetic methods, and untouched sensors. Each type of technique is systematically divided into sub-categories based on the sensing principle and key characteristics. For each sensor type, its maturity, application range, and the problems that hinder its application are discussed, aimed to provide guidance in selecting the appropriate sensors for specific engineering applications. This work concludes with an overview of opportunities and challenges, including the following six aspects for future research: spatial resolution, sensitivity, and measurement range; reliability and interpretation of the measurement; sensor selection based on three corrosion stages of steel rebar; long-term stability and service life; cost-efficiency of the sensing system; and monitoring of existing structure.
Antecedents and consequences of customer engagement: A case study of Saudi airline industry

The main aim of this study is to examine the antecedents and consequences of consumer engagement in the Saudi airline industry. In total, 403 usable responses were collected using an electronic survey. The study respondents include airline travelers who are living in Saudi Arabia. The survey data were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) to verify the theoretical model. The major study findings suggest that a positive correlation is found between online brand experience, brand love, and customer engagement. Moreover, customer engagement is positively associated with repatronage intention. In addition, the moderating results show that service quality has a moderating influence on the relationship between customer engagement and repatronage intention. As a consequence, the findings indicate the existence of service quality and its role in determining customer behavior intentions. This study also offers a great understanding of the interaction between the important factors. Thus, they may be utilized as a guideline for managing air traveling and improving airline sales in the country.
Validation of a method for ethanol analysis in biological and non-biological samples and its toxicological application

A simple, cost-effective and fast headspace gas chromatography method coupled with flame ionization detection (HS-GC/FID) for determination of ethanol was developed and validated for clinical and forensic toxicology purposes. HS-GC/FID is often used for alcohol determination in different biological and non-biological samples. The calibration dependence of the method was linear in the range from 0.15 to 4.00 g dm-3 (r2=0.999) with adequate accuracy (99? 106 %) and precision. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.006 g dm-3. The method was quantitative (LOQ) above 0.020 g dm-3. The new method was successfully used for determination of ethanol in biological samples of intoxicated patients, car accidents participants, participants in criminal acts, and postmortem samples, non-biological samples such as alcoholic beverages, alcohol-based herbal preparations, cosmetic preparations, etc. This method is easy to perform, making it suitable not only for the routine applications in clinical biochemistry and forensic laboratories, but also in different fields of industry (e.g. for pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, dietary supplements, etc.). Some of the applications for ethanol determination in different samples related to various clinical-forensic cases are presented.
Using NLP for Fact Checking: A Survey

In recent years, disinformation and “fake news” have been spreading throughout the internet at rates never seen before. This has created the need for fact-checking organizations, groups that seek out claims and comment on their veracity, to spawn worldwide to stem the tide of misinformation. However, even with the many human-powered fact-checking organizations that are currently in operation, disinformation continues to run rampant throughout the Web, and the existing organizations are unable to keep up. This paper discusses in detail recent advances in computer science to use natural language processing to automate fact checking. It follows the entire process of automated fact checking using natural language processing, from detecting claims to fact checking to outputting results. In summary, automated fact checking works well in some cases, though generalized fact checking still needs improvement prior to widespread use.
Correlation of the conformational structure and catalytic activity of the highly thermostable xylanase of Thermomyces lanuginosus PC7S1T

Abstract Thermomyces lanuginosus PC7S1T xylanase was purified after four chromatographic steps involving columns of ion exchange and molecular filtration. The purified xylanase revealed the molecular mass to be 21.3 kDa, high specificity for beechwood xylan and its main hydrolysis products were xylobiose and xylotriose. Xylanase exhibited increased activity at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 75 °C and was stable-over a wide range of pHs (100 hours) and temperatures (3 hours at 75 °C). Circular dichroism spectrum deconvolution showed a β-structure-rich secondary structure with a melting temperature of 73 °C. In addition, its secondary structure was preserved, even at extreme pHs and temperatures up to 70 °C in the presence of MnCl2 (1 mM), DTT (5 mM) and high concentrations of guanidine (6 M). On the other hand, changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme, which was monitored using intrinsic and/or extrinsic fluorescence (ANS probe), in the presence of MnCl2, DTT and extreme values of pH may be related to variations in enzyme activity. Therefore, T. lanuginosus PC7S1T xylanase exhibited resistance to high temperatures, observed through its ability to remain active and demonstrate a high-degree of rigidity and resistance to denaturation; very extreme conditions were necessary in order to change the enzymes’ secondary and/or tertiary structures. Graphical Abstract
Current and emerging therapies for first line treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

The therapeutic landscape for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is rapidly evolving with improved knowledge of the biology of disease leading to the incorporation of a variety of antiangiogenic agents and immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss historical, current, and emerging first line treatment options for patients with advanced ccRCC. These include data with single agent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): sunitinib, pazopanib and cabozantinib as well as the recently reported results for the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus (mTOR inhibitor). We also discuss results of the nivolumab anti-programmed cell death (PD-1)/ipilimumab (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) combination as well as emerging front-line data with nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy. Finally, we review data supporting recent approvals of TKI and anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) combinations (e.g., axitinib/pembrolizumab, axitinib/avelumab and cabozantinib/nivolumab) and initial outcomes of lenvatinib (multi-kinase inhibitor) and pembrolizumab. With many individual and combination treatment options and the lack of head-to-head comparisons, treatment selection will depend on the goals of therapy (endpoints) and the identification and validation of clinical and tumor-based predictive biomarkers that are linked to the desired treatment endpoints.
Implementation of a personalized food recommendation system based on collaborative filtering and knapsack method

Food recommendation system is one of the most interesting recommendation problems since it provides data for decision-making to users on selection of foods that meets individual preference of each user. Personalized recommender system has been used to recommend foods or menus to respond to requirements and restrictions of each user in a better way. This research study aimed to develop a personalized healthy food recommendation system based on collaborative filtering and knapsack method. Assessment results found that users were satisfied with the personalized healthy food recommendation system based on collaborative filtering and knapsack problem algorithm which included ability of operating system, screen design, and efficiency of operating system. The average satisfaction score overall was 4.20 implying that users had an excellent level of satisfaction.
Assessing the Roles of Entrepreneur's Psychology and Competencies: The Critical Analysis Factors of Emergence E-Commerce New Ventures in Malaysia

The leading agent of entrepreneurship is an entrepreneur who is accountable for the creation of a new venture. A plethora of research is conducted on entrepreneurial cognitive, personality traits, and motivation that creates new ventures creation, but the previous researcher ignores e-commerce. The previous researchers paid the least concern for entrepreneurial skills that contribute to new venture developments in e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to see the role of entrepreneurs' psychology and competencies towards the emergence of e-commerce ventures in Malaysia. Twelve entrepreneurs were interviewed by using the case study method from May 2013 to December 2014. The study resulted that personal background, work, and business skills are essential in establishing new e-commerce ventures in Malaysia. Seven factors of personalities such as creativity, risk-taking, inspiration, need for autonomy and freedom, tolerance of ambiguity, hardworking and persistence, and optimism are vital aspects of developing an e-commerce new venture in Malaysia. The motivation of the study has two types of internal and external motivation. Internal motivation includes (a) the need for achievement, (b) interest. In contrast, external motivation resulting from interactions with conducive environments such as consumers, members of the family, and industries increased the entrepreneurs' motivation impacting business success.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN MUTU DENGAN STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL (SQC) PRODUK KERUPUK GONG-GONG PADA CV. KRIYA MANDIRI TANJUNGPINANG

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengendalian kualitas dengan alat bantu Satistical Quality Control (SQC) pada CV. Kriya Mandiri Tanjungpinang. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mewawancarai kepada pihak yang terkait erat dengan perusahaan seperti karyawan pada perusahaan CV. Kriya Mandiri. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian terapan. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa wawancara dan data sekunder berupa dokumentasi dari pihak CV. Kriya Mandiri. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Alat pengendalian mutu yang digunakan dalam memproses data adalah bagan kendali-p. Pada penelitian ini CV. Kriya Mandiri perlu meningkatkan secara cepat pengendalian kualitas pada jenis cacat hambar. Karena dilihat pada diagram peta kendali hambar sudah memasuki ambang yang tidak wajar walaupun masih dapat ditoleransi.
Effect of PWHT on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded DP780 Steel

In the present study, the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSW) DP780 steel sheets was investigated. FSW was carried out at a constant tool rotation speed of 400 rpm and different welding speeds (200 mm/min and 400 min/min). A defect free weld was witnessed for both of the welding conditions. The mutual effect of severe plastic deformation and frictional heat generation by pin rotation during the FSW process resulted in grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization in the stir zone (SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Lower tensile elongation and higher yield and ultimate tensile strengths were recorded for welded-samples as compared to the base material (BM) DP780 steel. The joints were subsequently annealed at various temperatures at 450–650 °C for 1 h. At higher annealing temperature, the work hardening rate of joints gradually decreased and subsequently failed in the softened heat-affected zone (HAZ) during the uniaxial tensile test. Reduction in yield strength and tensile strength was found in all PWHT conditions, though improvement in elongation was achieved by annealing at 550 °C. The digital image correlation analysis showed that an inhomogeneous strain distribution occurred in the FSWed samples, and the strain was particularly highly localized in the advancing side of interface zone. The nanoindentation measurements covering the FSWed joint were consistent with an increase of the annealing temperature. The various grains size in the BM, TMAZ, and SZ is the main factor monitoring the hardness distribution in these zones and the observed discrepancies in mechanical properties.
Apparent diffusion coefficient of water in evaluation of treatment response in animal body tumors

The review summarizes the author’s results and literature data on the evaluation of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) as a cancer biomarkers that reflects structural, cellular, apoptotic, and necrotic changes in tumor tissue. Diffusion measurements reflect the effective displacement of water molecules allowed to migrate for a given time. It was demonstrated that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water estimated from 1H DWI is important tool for the detection and characterization of neoplastic transformation as well as monitoring response to therapy. The possible mechanisms of preand post-therapy changes in water ADC in animal body tumors are discussed.
Cyberbullying detection from tweets using deep learning

PurposeWith the rise of social media platforms, an increasing number of cases of cyberbullying has reemerged. Every day, large number of people, especially teenagers, become the victim of cyber abuse. A cyberbullied person can have a long-lasting impact on his mind. Due to it, the victim may develop social anxiety, engage in self-harm, go into depression or in the extreme cases, it may lead to suicide. This paper aims to evaluate various techniques to automatically detect cyberbullying from tweets by using machine learning and deep learning approaches.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied machine learning algorithms approach and after analyzing the experimental results, the authors postulated that deep learning algorithms perform better for the task. Word-embedding techniques were used for word representation for our model training. Pre-trained embedding GloVe was used to generate word embedding. Different versions of GloVe were used and their performance was compared. Bi-directional long short-term memory (BLSTM) was used for classification.FindingsThe dataset contains 35,787 labeled tweets. The GloVe840 word embedding technique along with BLSTM provided the best results on the dataset with an accuracy, precision and F1 measure of 92.60%, 96.60% and 94.20%, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsIf a word is not present in pre-trained embedding (GloVe), it may be given a random vector representation that may not correspond to the actual meaning of the word. It means that if a word is out of vocabulary (OOV) then it may not be represented suitably which can affect the detection of cyberbullying tweets. The problem may be rectified through the use of character level embedding of words.Practical implicationsThe findings of the work may inspire entrepreneurs to leverage the proposed approach to build deployable systems to detect cyberbullying in different contexts such as workplace, school, etc and may also draw the attention of lawmakers and policymakers to create systemic tools to tackle the ills of cyberbullying.Social implicationsCyberbullying, if effectively detected may save the victims from various psychological problems which, in turn, may lead society to a healthier and more productive life.Originality/valueThe proposed method produced results that outperform the state-of-the-art approaches in detecting cyberbullying from tweets. It uses a large dataset, created by intelligently merging two publicly available datasets. Further, a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed methodology has been presented.
Moving from Niche to Norm: Lessons from Food Waste Initiatives

For a transition to a circular economy to take place, behavioural change from people who are part of the transition is a key requirement. However, this change often does not occur by itself. For systemic behavioural change, policy instruments that incentivise behaviour supporting circular food systems play a key role. These instruments need to be aligned with the environment in which the behaviour takes place. In this study, we scrutinise a case study with five initiatives on the reduction of food loss and waste (FLW) contributing to a circular food system, to understand how specific, well-targeted combinations of instruments as well as other contextual and personal factors can fuel the transition to a circular economy and the reduction of FLW. All the initiatives are taking place under the umbrella of the Dutch initiative “United against food waste” (STV). We use a behavioural change perspective to assess how initiatives that support circular food systems arise and how they can be further supported. Based on the case-study analysis, we arrive at five common success traits and barriers, and five key needs for upscaling. We conclude that motivated, inspiring frontrunners are of key importance in the initial phase of a transition process. However, once a niche initiative is ready to be scaled up, the enabling environment becomes increasingly important.