Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological responses of Betula protoplasts in fiber spinning

Abstract In a previous article, it was reported that, under stress conditions caused by Ca2+ ions, isolated protoplasts of Betula platyphylla leaves release a bundle of hollow fibrils as a stress-induced response. In the present article, details of this phenomenon have been investigated. As a special method, light microscopy combined with a ‘through focus variation’ technique was applied. In a regular culture medium, protoplasts could regenerate the cell walls, whereas protoplasts submitted to Ca2+ stress could not. Under stress conditions, the protoplasts inflated and formed a huge vacuole and, after 28 days, secreted the peculiar gigantic fibril with a diameter of 150 μm. The giant fibril is composed of (1→3)-β-glucan chains, i.e., the material of callose tissue.
Helical magnetic order in MnSi thin films

We present a study of the magnetic structure of crystalline MnSi(111) thin ﬁlms grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A combination of polarized neutron reﬂectometry (PNR) and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry show that the ﬁlms have helical magnetic order with a pitch vector Q along the ﬁlm normal. The helix wavelength of 2 π/Q = 13 . 9 ± 0 . 1 nm is found to be independent of thickness below 40 nm. PNR shows that the magnetic structure has both left-handed and right-handed chiralities due to the presence of inversion domains observed by transmission electron microscopy.
Thermal Management Roadmap for Energy Efficient Next Generation Telecommunications Equipment

The network traffic in telecommunication industry has grown very rapidly every year since its inception. As projected, the network traffic demand will reach tens or hundreds of Tb/s in a couple of years. With the extrapolation from current equipment, future nodes would consume and dissipate up to 100’s of kilowatts of power. In response to the projected growth, new design and architecture are needed in order to face the power-density challenges in the next generation telecommunication networks. There are two aspects of these issues. One is the network architecture and another is telecommunication equipment design. The thermal management of latter case is the focus of this paper.
Analysis of training needs for coastal communities using www.kebutuhanpelatihannelayan.info surveys

The training of information system web-based for information service provide is one of the way to training information delivered to all village government, society, village organization and communities in the coastal village to give the effort for the development of fisherman capacity. This research used descriptive qualitative. It is to describing and explaining the activities or objects study that related to detail phenomena study or distinguishes with another phenomenon. The data collected through observation toward utilization and roles of the information system on web-based, focus group discussion toward society through formal and informal activities in the village, and a deep interview was collected with ten informants who had participated in focus group discussion. The training of information system on web-based able to accommodate all information that related to fisherman training in coastal. The system involved the village operator and website managers. The results show the training of information system on web-based helped coastal village to have a website that displays information training by the fisherman. It is also shown the variety of training that had been done. The website information includes the institution, monograph information, training news information, list of training activity, training potential, and training of photo gallery as information to the public. Keywords—fisherman, coastal society, training of information system, website.
VIRTUAL REALITY IN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE CLASS: THE CASE OF A GREEK PRIMARY SCHOOL

The aim of this case study is to investigate any benefits of introducing virtual reality software in science projects that can support the actual goal of science teaching. The project takes place during science classes in a primary school in Greece. After examining whether (a) virtual reality helps achieving the teaching goals set, (b) has positive responses by the learners, (c) is supported by the school context and (d) is convenient cost-wise, it was concluded that virtual reality can have benefits when implemented. However, there are issues to be considered in what concerns responses, the school context and cost.
An Application of Artificial Neural Network to Compute the Resonant Frequency of E–Shaped Compact Microstrip Antennas

Abstract An application of artificial neural network (ANN) based on multilayer perceptrons (MLP) to compute the resonant frequency of E-shaped compact microstrip antennas (ECMAs) is presented in this paper. The resonant frequencies of 144 ECMAs with different dimensions and electrical parameters were firstly determined by using IE3D(tm) software based on the method of moments (MoM), then the ANN model for computing the resonant frequency was built by considering the simulation data. The parameters and respective resonant frequency values of 130 simulated ECMAs were employed for training and the remaining 14 ECMAs were used for testing the model. The computed resonant frequencies for training and testing by ANN were obtained with the average percentage errors (APE) of 0.257% and 0.523%, respectively. The validity and accuracy of the present approach was verified on the measurement results of an ECMA fabricated in this study. Furthermore, the effects of the slots loading method over the resonant frequency were investigated to explain the relationship between the slots and resonant frequency.
The electronic structure, density of states and optical properties of ZnO doped by Mg in substitutional and interstitial position

The formation energy, electronic structure, density of states and optical properties of ZnO doped by Mg in substitutional and interstitial positions are studied. It is found that the band gap of ZnO is enlarged by doping Mg in the substitutional position, and the ZnO doped by interstitial Mg becomes n-type semiconductor. The optical properties of pure ZnO and ZnO doped by Mg in substitutiona l position differ little. However, the difference between the optical properties of pure ZnO and ZnO doped by Mg in interstitial position is obvious. Doping ZnO with Mg in interstitial position, the absorption edge shows blue shift, the refractive index decreases, and the light permeability in the energy range from visible to near ultraviolet (0-4.2eV) gets better. Our research may provide helpful reference to the developments of ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.
Health and Physical Activity Content Knowledge of Pima Children

This study grounded in constructivist theory and the public health literature investigated Native American children’s knowledge related to physical activity and healthy behavior concepts. Learning tends to be more meaningful and relevant when teachers take into consideration the students’ knowledge and experiences. Therefore it is important to know more about students’ context-specific knowledge in order to build upon their understanding in culturally appropriate ways at school to help them develop the skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors needed to live healthy and active lives. Elementary school students (N = 262) from two different Native American communities in the Southwestern United States shared their understanding of physical activity and healthy behavior. Students completed three to six health-related physical activity and healthy behavior portfolio tasks. Student knowledge varied significantly across portfolios, running the gamut from 53% of the students having a perfect score on drawing their favorite activity that helps them become fit to only 2% of students scoring full points on explaining aerobic fitness. MANOVA results suggested that there were some grade level differences by portfolio tasks. In general, students performed better as they got older. Students had minimal success and demonstrated little understanding of physical activity and healthy behaviors concepts as well as expressed some misconceptions. Native American children participating in this study had similar levels of understanding of basic concepts as previously studied children with diverse ethnic backgrounds.
Impact of invasive quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, Bivalva: Dreissenidae) on the macroinvertebrate community structure of a UK river

The arrival of invasive quagga mussel ( Dreissena rostriformis bugensis ) to the UK necessitates rapid study to evaluate its impact on benthic community structure where colonisation has occurred. In the Wraysbury River (west London), impact on benthic invertebrate community structure by invasion of quagga mussel was measured by comparing a series of invaded and uninvaded study sites over an annual period of monthly sampling. It was apparent that despite quagga mussel consistently forming a large proportion of stream biomass in invaded sites, community taxon richness and composition did not vary significantly in comparison to uninvaded sites. Similarly, total community biomass and density when excluding quagga mussel was mostly homogeneous across the study reach, with the exception of one site with the highest quagga mussel biomass and density. If quagga mussel biomass and density increased over time to levels found at this site, more significant changes to native community structure might be expected. This study represents a first benchmark for understanding the progression and impacts of quagga mussel invasion in UK rivers and these results will be essential for comparison in evaluating future change and impacts.
THE EFFECT OF THE EXTENT OF CORAL REEF AREA ON UNIFORM BOTTOM REFLECTANCE DETERMINATION FOR WATER COLUMN CORRECTION USING LANDSAT ETM

In one pixel of 30 meter spatial resolution of Landsat ETM multispectral sensor might consist of mixed bottom substrate types. The influence of a mixture of bottom substrate on the Landsat data can be a source of errors and together with the extent of coral reef area might contribute to affect the determination of uniform bottom reflectance. This study aimed to assess the effect of the extent of coral reef area on uniform bottom reflectance determination for water column correction. Lyzenga method was used for water column correction. This study carried out in two case studies using two sites with different size of coral reef ecosystems area i.e., Tidung island, in the Province of Jakarta and Maratua island, in the Province of East Kalimantan. Tidung island was selected to represent small area of coral reef ecosystem, while Maratua island was selected to represent relatively larger area of coral reef ecosystem. The results showed that the extent of coral reef influenced the determination of training sample areas for uniform bottom reflectance using Landsat ETM. The combination of moderate spatial resolution and the small area of coral reef ecosystem lead to the difficulties for uniform bottom substrate type determination at different depths.
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Vinu J. Pattery for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering presented on May 1. 2003. Title: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Multithreading for Interrupts on Communication

approved: Il-Beom Lee High bandwidth of networks demands high performance communication processors that integrate application processing, network processing, and system support functions into a single, low cost System-On-Chip (SOC) solution. However, conventional processors, when used in network related applications, are beset by the overhead of save/restore of register context, cache misses due to fetching interrupt handler from memory, and the possibility of NIC buffer overflow. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of multithreading to service interrupts on an embedded processor from the perspective of a Network processor and a Communication processor. A Simulation environment enhanced with a multithreaded hardware execution model is used and our results reveal that multithreading for interrupts from a single NIC brings a fair improvement in performance of Network processors and little or no effect on Communication processors. However, our analysis also show that multithreading for interrupts has a lot of potential when applied to communication processors with multiple interrupt sources, such as Ethernet, ATM, USB, and HDLC.
A multiple-reach model describing the migratory behavior of Snake River yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

A multiple-reach model was developed to describe the downstream migration of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River system. Migration rate for cohorts of fish was allowed to vary by reach and time step. A nested sequence of linear and nonlinear models related the variation in migration rates to river flow, date in season, and experience in the river. By comparing predicted with observed travel times at multiple observation sites along the migration route, the relative performance of the migration rate models was assessed. The analysis was applied to cohorts of yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) captured at the Snake River Trap near Lewiston, Idaho, and fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags over the 8-year period 1989n1996. The fish were observed at Lower Granite and Little Goose dams on the Snake River and McNary Dam on the Columbia River covering a migration distance of 277 km. The data supported a model containing two behavioral components: a flow term related to season where fish spend more time in regions of higher river velocity later in the season and a flow-independent experience effect where the fish migrate faster the longer they have been in the river.
Harnessing big data to rethink land heterogeneity in Earth system models

Abstract. The continual growth in the availability, detail, and wealth of environmental data provides an invaluable asset to improve the characterization of land heterogeneity in Earth system models – a persistent challenge in macroscale models. However, due to the nature of these data (volume and complexity) and computational constraints, these data are underused for global applications. As a proof of concept, this study explores how to effectively and efficiently harness these data in Earth system models over a 1/4∘ (∼ 25 km) grid cell in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada in central California. First, a novel hierarchical multivariate clustering approach (HMC) is introduced that summarizes the high-dimensional environmental data space into hydrologically interconnected representative clusters (i.e., tiles). These tiles and their associated properties are then used to parameterize the sub-grid heterogeneity of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) LM4-HB land model. To assess how this clustering approach impacts the simulated water, energy, and carbon cycles, model experiments are run using a series of different tile configurations assembled using HMC. The results over the test domain show that (1) the observed similarity over the landscape makes it possible to converge on the macroscale response of the fully distributed model with around 300 sub-grid land model tiles; (2) assembling the sub-grid tile configuration from available environmental data can have a large impact on the macroscale states and fluxes of the water, energy, and carbon cycles; for example, the defined subsurface connections between the tiles lead to a dampening of macroscale extremes; (3) connecting the fine-scale grid to the model tiles via HMC enables circumvention of the classic scale discrepancies between the macroscale and field-scale estimates; this has potentially significant implications for the evaluation and application of Earth system models.
Simulation of rock salt dissolution and its impact on land subsidence

Extensive land subsidence can occur due to subsurface dissolution of evaporites such as halite and gypsum. This paper explores techniques to simulate the salt dissolution forming an intrastratal karst, which is embedded in a sequence of carbonates, marls, anhydrite and gypsum. A numerical model is developed to simulate laminar flow in a subhorizontal void, which corresponds to an opening intrastratal karst. The numerical model is based on the laminar steady-state Stokes flow equation, and the advection dispersion transport equation coupled with the dissolution equation. The flow equation is solved using the nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart (CR) finite element approximation for the Stokes equation. For the transport equation, a combination between discontinuous Galerkin method and multipoint flux approximation method is proposed. The numerical effect of the dissolution is considered by using a dynamic mesh variation that increases the size of the mesh based on the amount of dissolved salt. The numerical method is applied to a 2-D geological cross section representing a Horst and Graben structure in the Tabular Jura of northwestern Switzerland. The model simulates salt dissolution within the geological section and predicts the amount of vertical dissolution as an indicator of potential subsidence that could occur. Simulation results showed that the highest dissolution amount is observed near the normal fault zones, and, therefore, the highest subsidence rates are expected above normal fault zones.
Impacts of heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide and chlorine activation on ozone and reactive nitrogen partitioning: improvement and application of the WRF-Chem model in southern China

Abstract. The uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) on aerosol surfaces and the subsequent production of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) can have a significant impact on the oxidising capability and thus on secondary pollutants such as ozone. The range of such an impact, however, has not been well quantified in different geographical regions. In this study, we applied the Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model to investigate the impact of the N2O5 uptake processes in the Hong Kong–Pearl River Delta (HK–PRD) region, where the highest ever reported N2O5 and ClNO2 concentrations were observed in our recent field study. We first incorporated into the WRF-Chem an aerosol thermodynamics model (ISORROPIA II), recent parameterisations for N2O5 heterogeneous uptake and ClNO2 production and gas-phase chlorine chemistry. The revised model was then used to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of N2O5 and ClNO2 over the HK–PRD region and the impact of N2O5 uptake and Cl activation on ozone and reactive nitrogen in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The updated model can generally capture the temporal variation of N2O5 and ClNO2 observed at a mountaintop site in Hong Kong, but it overestimates N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 production. The model results suggest that under average conditions, elevated levels of ClNO2 (> 0.25 ppb within the PBL) are present in the south-western PRD, with the highest values (> 1.00 ppb) predicted near the ground surface (0–200 m above ground level; a.g.l.). In contrast, during the night when very high levels of ClNO2 and N2O5 were measured in well-processed plumes from the PRD, ClNO2 is mostly concentrated within the residual layer ( ∼ 300 m a.g.l.). The addition of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake and Cl activation reduces the NO and NO2 levels by as much as 1.93 ppb ( ∼ 7.4 %) and 4.73 ppb ( ∼ 16.2 %), respectively, and it increases the total nitrate and ozone concentrations by up to 13.45 µg m−3 ( ∼ 57.4 %) and 7.23 ppb ( ∼ 16.3 %), respectively, in the PBL. Sensitivity tests show that the simulated chloride and ClNO2 concentrations are highly sensitive to chlorine emission. Our study suggests the need to measure the vertical profiles of N2O5 ∕ ClNO2 under various meteorological conditions, to consider the chemistry of N2O5 ∕ ClNO2 in the chemical transport model and to develop an updated chlorine emission inventory over China.
Bed Ribbing Instability Explanation: Testing a numerical model of ribbed moraine formation arising from coupled flow of ice and subglacial sediment

[1] Ribbed moraines are large (up to 16 km long) ridges of sediment produced transverse to ice flow direction that formed widely beneath palaeo-ice sheets. Since ice sheet stability is sensitive to conditions operating at the bed, an understanding of ribbed moraine genesis will provide critical information on ice sheet dynamics. Currently, there is no consensus on ribbed moraine formation and various competing hypotheses have been presented to account for their genesis. Only one of these theories has been developed into a physically based numerical model that quantitatively describes ribbed moraine formation. This theory, known as the Bed Ribbing Instability Explanation (BRIE), argues that ribbed moraines are produced by a naturally arising instability in the coupled flow of ice and till. BRIE demonstrates that transverse subglacial ridges (i.e., ribbed moraine) spontaneously grow under certain parameter combinations, and it predicts their wavelength (spacing between ridges). The model represents a significant advance because it is the first time a theory of subglacial bedform generation has been developed to make quantitative predictions which can be formally tested. This paper discusses the types of tests that are currently possible and reports the results from the first testing of BRIE. This analysis centers on the ability of BRIE to predict the primary characteristics of ribbed moraine, which are patterning and wavelength. Results show that BRIE successfully predicts the correct ribbed moraine pattern and appropriate wavelengths. The tests fail to falsify the model, and it is concluded that BRIE remains a viable explanation of ribbed moraine formation.
When Two Become One

We examine the psychosocial impact of marital status change, and the spontaneously emerging theme of identity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 82 cohabiting, married, widowed, and divorced British adults, focusing on changes in daily routine, social relationships, and social support. We draw attention to findings of interviews with men and women who entered a married (n = 30) or cohabiting (n = 8) relationship for the first time. The interviews provide an insight into the complex process of identity change in marriage and cohabitation. Participants described an identity shift from “I” to “we” which was associated with social and personal changes in how they understood themselves. Marriage and cohabitation were viewed as positive transitions facilitating personal growth. However, importantly, marriage, in particular, was also associated with a process of depersonalization which posed a challenge to private identity. We conclude with a discussion of the ways in which participants managed this identity conflict.