Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Program Synthesis with a Differentiable Fixer

We present a new program synthesis approach that combines an encoder-decoder based synthesis architecture with a differentiable program fixer. Our approach is inspired from the fact that human developers seldom get their program correct on the first attempt, and perform iterative testing-based program fixing to get to the desired program functionality. Similarly, our approach first learns a distribution over programs conditioned on an encoding of a set of input-output examples, and then iteratively performs fix operations using the differentiable fixer. The fixer takes as input the original examples and the current program's outputs on example inputs, and generates a new distribution over the programs with the goal of reducing the discrepancies between the current program outputs and the desired example outputs. We train our architecture end-to-end on the RobustFill domain, and show that the addition of the fixer module leads to a significant improvement on synthesis accuracy compared to using beam search.
Canopy Ferns in Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Support a Prolific Abundance of Ants, Termites, and Other Invertebrates 1

The epiphytic Bird's Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus complex) has a large basket‐shaped rosette that accumulates leaf litter. We investigated the role of these ferns in supporting invertebrate populations in the primary lowland dipterocarp forest of Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. Ferns were divided into three size classes: large (rosette diameter >60 cm), intermediate (30–60 cm), and small (<30 cm). Seven hectares of forest were surveyed: the canopy had a mean density of 30 large ferns/ha and 20 intermediate ferns/ha. Six large and five intermediate ferns were removed from the crowns of Parashorea tomentella (Dipterocarpaceae) at heights between 39 and 52 m. The largest ferns had fresh weights of ca 200 kg. The mean animal abundance in large and intermediate ferns was 41,000 and 8000, respectively. Termites and ants represented at least 90 percent of the abundance in these ferns. Of die 11 ferns, 4 contained a nest of Hospitalitermes rufus (Nasutitermitinae), while another contained a nest of an undescribed species of Hospitalitermes. An additional 56 small ferns were removed from die low canopy (2–6 m above the forest floor), of which only 1 contained a termite nest (Nasutitermes neoparvus). These results suggest that Bird's Nest Ferns contain ca 0.5 million termites/ha and contribute almost one ton (dry mass) of suspended soil and plant material/ha. Five of the trees containing large ferns were fogged immediately before the removal of die ferns. From these samples we were able to estimate the total number of animals in each tree crown. When each estimate was added to die abundance in each fern, the results suggested that a single large fern may contain from 7 to 93 percent of die total number of invertebrates in die crown. Although these results must be treated with caution because of die small sample size, they have important implications for studies of canopy invertebrates.
Effects of low salinity on juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante 1967, Crustacea)

It is of paramount importance to study salinity tolerance of commercially important crustaceans, such as the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis to determine possible mortality causes in the wild and in aquaculture in oligohaline waters. The aim of this study was to determine the lethal salinity concentration (LC50) for juvenile pink shrimp F. paulensis and measure its oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at different salinity levels. Shrimp of two length classes (49.4 ± 4.3 and 78.5 ± 5.5 mm) were placed in 10-L containers and exposed to salinity levels of 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5. The experiments were tripled, with seven shrimp in each container. The average lethal concentration (LC50s) for an exposure of 24 h was 13.33 (11.26–15.78) and 10.26 (8.60–12.64), respectively, for the two classes of juveniles. For an exposure of 48 h, LC50s were 12.71 (10.68–15.12) for the larger animals and 9.20 (7.34–11.52) for the smaller ones. There was an inverse relationship between salinity and rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. The average reduction in specific oxygen consumption in salinities 20, 25 and 30 showed a decrease in metabolic rate of 63, 80 and 82%, respectively, in relation to salinity level 0. The same occurred for the averages of ammonia excretion at salinity levels of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35, which represented low metabolic rates of 57, 61, 70, 71 and 74% respectably in relation to salinity level 0.
Empirical Analysis on Determinants of Air Pollution in China

The rapid economic growth has brought tremendous pressure on the environment and caused severe air pollution in China. This study empirically examines causes of air pollution in China. Panel-corrected standard errors procedure (PCSE) was used to analyze major determinants of increasing or reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) in 30 Chinese provinces. The estimation results show that SO2 emission is mitigated as per capita regional GDP increases, but the relation between emission of NOX and per capita regional GDP is found to have an inverse N-shaped curve, which implies that emission of NOX is ultimately expected to decline with economic growth. As for increasing factors of air pollutants, electricity consumption is a significant common source of SO2 and NOX emissions. Moreover, the results show that increment of coal consumption significantly affects emission of SO2 while increase of natural gas consumption reduce emission of SO2. On the other side, investment in energy industry, and investment on treatment of waste gases are determinants of mitigating emissions of SO2, but have no impact on NOX. Consumption of diesel, truck ratio and number of vehicles increase emission of NOX. Meanwhile, higher precipitation rate is a common determinant of mitigating emissions of SO2 and NOX. Policy implications are suggested in the conclusion.
Model-Based Globally-Consistent Risk Assessment

This paper outlines an approach to assess uncertainty around a forecast baseline as well as the impact of alternative policy rules on macro variability. The approach allows for non-Gaussian shock distributions and non-linear underlying macroeconomic models. Consequently, the resulting distributions for macroeconomic variables can exhibit skewness and fat tails. Several applications are presented that illustrate the practical implementation of the technique including confidence bands around a baseline forecast, the probabilities of global growth falling below a specified threshold, and the impact of alternative fiscal policy reactions functions on macro variability.
MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOME SUBANTARCTIC SOILS

Summary A study has been made of the rhizosphere effect of four subantarctic plant associations at Macquarie Island. A stimulation occurred in each case in the rhizosphere, even in the more primitive Azorella selago and Dicranoweisia antarctica associations. No qualitative differences were found between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere isolates. The temperature range of most isolates was 10° to 25°C. with a high proportion giving maximum growth at 25° C. Respiration measurements were made on I I soils using the Warburg respirometer and a marked correlation was found between total carbon content of the soil and respiration. The variations in respiratory quotient which occurred were not related to carbon content and were probably due to differences in chemical constitution of the organic-matter fractions and soil aeration.
Globin Synthesis in Bone Marrow Cells of Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia and βO-Thalassemia: Contamination of the β-Chain with Non-Globin Proteins

Chromatographic separation of labeled globin chains was performed in stroma-free hemolysates prepared from peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of 11 patients with βO -thalassemia and 2 patients with sickle cell anemia. A small radioactivity peak, slightly precedinq the β-chain and more prominent in bone marrow cells, was often observed. This peak, which represents synthesis of non-globin proteins, did not exceed 5% of the radioactivity incorporated in the α-chain. It is concluded that contamination of the β-chain with non-globin proteins undoubtedly occurs, but its extent is insufficient to explain the different synthetic ratios which have been repeatedly observed in peripheral blood and in bone marrow cells of patients with heterozygous β-thalassemia.
COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DOXORUBICIN DIALDEHYDE STARCH (DOX-DAS) AND DOXORUBICIN-DIALDEHYDE STARCH NANOPARTICLES (DOX-DASNP) Research Article

Doxorubicin (or Adriamycin) is well known anti-cancer agent. It is an anthracycline antibiotic. The use of doxorubicin against neoplasms is limited due to its severe cardiotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin can be minimized by linking it to an affinity tag. In this report, the molecular structure, Binding Energy(BE), Dipole Moment (DM), Gibbs free energy of solvation (ΔG (solvation)) and some physicochemical properties of Doxorubicin Dialdehyde starch (DOX-DAS) and Doxorubicin-Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DOX-DASNP) conjugated complexes were investigated using Density functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Our results indicate that this complex mentioned above can be used to improve anti cancer activity and water-solubility of doxorubicin.
Interactive effects of nitrogen deposition, tropospheric ozone, elevated CO2 and land use history on the carbon dynamics of northern hardwood forests

Temperate forests are affected by a wide variety of environmental factors that stem from human industrial and agricultural activities. In the north‐eastern US, important change agents include tropospheric ozone, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, elevated CO2, and historical human land use. Although each of these has received attention for its effects on forest carbon dynamics, integrated analyses that examine their combined effects are rare. To examine the relative importance of all of these factors on current forest growth and carbon balances, we included them individually and in combination in a forest ecosystem model that was applied over the period of 1700–2000 under different scenarios of air pollution and land use history.
Improvements on a Sensorless Scheme for a Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Very Low Voltage Injection

Sensorless control of electrical drives is still a difficult task, especially in the lower speed region. Moreover, when the machine has a low saliency such as in the case of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM), high frequency injection techniques are even more challenging. In this paper, an enhanced demodulation algorithm for the sensorless control of a SMPMSM is proposed. The new scheme uses the high frequency injection in the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) and employs also the negative sequence content of the measured current for improved accuracy. This allows an improved performance with a lower amplitude of the injected signal, thus reducing the noise and additional losses in the motor. It is found that, by using both components with the algorithm developed the estimation ripple can be greatly reduced and the system can operate properly with a voltage injection of only 2.17% of the rated motor voltage, which is lower than most found in the literature, specially for low saliency machines. Simulations tests are carried out for the validation of the proposed method and experimental results in a 6.7 kW SMPMSM confirm its usefulness and correct operation with a reduced voltage injection, both in no-load and load conditions, for different low speeds, including start-up.
Secondary English Language Teacher Educators: Voices from Bangladesh

Given the heightened attention regarding the professional development of teachers, teacher education is regarded as a critical field to be investigated and evaluated more profoundly. While trainee teachers have been the primary foci of teacher education scholarship, the perspectives and experiences of teacher educators (in this study context, teacher trainers also), have not been explored to the same extent, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. This study, using a qualitative case study research paradigm, attempts to fill the gap. As a part of a doctoral project, seven English language teacher educators and ten trained English language teachers working in the secondary English language education context in Bangladesh were interviewed. The findings revealed that the teacher educators were not fully prepared for their task, expressed critical concerns regarding their professional development as well as the bureaucratic milieu within which they work, and were uncertain about career prospects. The paper, thus, reflecting on the voices of teacher trainers, concludes with a set of recommendations for improving and sustaining the quality of teacher educators/ trainers in Bangladesh.
Designing for Collective Intelligence and Community Resilience on Social Networks

The popularity and ubiquity of social networks has enabled a new form of decentralised online collaboration: groups of users gathering around a central theme and working together to solve problems, complete tasks and develop social connections. Groups that display such `organic collaboration' have been shown to solve tasks quicker and more accurately than other methods of crowdsourcing. They can also enable community action and resilience in response to different events, from casual requests to emergency response and crisis management. However, engaging such groups through formal agencies risks disconnect and disengagement by destabilising motivational structures. This paper explores case studies of this phenomenon, reviews models of motivation that can help design systems to harness these groups and proposes a framework for lightweight engagement using existing platforms and social networks.
Fertility of Libyan Barbary Sheep Treated with Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in Different Seasons

Bearing in mind the objectives of this study to investigate the Barbary sheep fertility under our climatic conditions and to evaluate the efficiency of the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injection in induction of fertile estrus in different seasons. For these objectives some experiments were performed during the period from July 2008 to March 2009. A total number of 300 Libyan Barbary ewes (3 – 6 years old weight 40 – 60 Kg) was used in this experiment. Ewes were kept in privet farms fed and managed similarly. Ewes were divided to four season groups (summer, autumn, winter and spring groups) each season group was divided into treated and control. Animals in the treated groups were injected with double injection of 125μg of prostaglandin F2α intramuscularly (IM) 11days apart. While those in the control groups were injected with two injections of 1.0 ml of 0.9%NaCl saline solution simultaneously with the treated ewes. At the same day (day 11) rams wearing painted sponges on their briskets regions were introduced for natural mating. Treated groups showed shorter estrus response time than control groups in all seasons (P<0.05). Estrus duration was longer in winter and spring than in summer and autumn (P<0.001) but no difference was found between treated and control groups inside seasons. Treated group showed higher pregnancy rate (P<0.001) in winter season than control group. Percentage of ewes lambed in winter was significantly high (P<0.001) among treated ewes than control (80% Vs 38%). Lambing rate differed significantly (P<0.001) among treated groups in all seasons. Data were collected and calculated statistically using SPSS system for percentages, means, standard deviation (mean ±SD) analyses of variance (ANOVA), Chi squire and Duncan's test were used accordingly. Other values were measured, calculated and analyzed similarly.
Fast Nonuniform Metasurface Analysis in FDTD Using Surface Susceptibility Model

Analysis of nonuniform metasurfaces requires enormous computational resources and even cannot be achieved in some cases, due to their multiscale property. To address this, we propose a fast analysis method in finite difference time domain (FDTD) scheme in this article. Two steps are required: first, nonuniform metasurfaces are modeled as a distribution of surface susceptibilities. Secondly, the surface susceptibility model (SSM) is inserted into FDTD equations in a form of surface polarization currents based on generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs). A detailed comparison is made between brute force simulation and our proposed method. Compared with the hours consumed for physical model simulation, surface susceptibility model simulation’s time consumption is in seconds while simultaneously maintaining similar field responses independent of the incident wave’s angle and polarization.
VALIDATING OF A NEW PROCEDURE FOR DAMAGE LOCALIZATION USING SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON A 1:15 SCALED STRUCTURE

In Earthquake Engineering field, due to the complexity of the phenomena that characterize the behaviour of structures and their interaction with the foundation soil, the recourse to experimental research is necessary to better understand the mechanical behaviour of the various structural and nonstructural components, to validate new techniques for Structural Health Monitoring and for damage detection and localization. Aim of this paper is to present the preliminary results retrieved from an experimental campaign performed on a five-floor 1:15 scaled structure excited using several shakingtable tests in order to validate an innovative methodology for damage localization.
A Finite-Time Sliding Mode Controller Design for Flexible Joint Manipulator Systems Based on Disturbance Observer

Flexible joint single-link manipulator is a nonlinear system with many applications in industry such as car assembly plant, beer factory. However, this manipulator has many disadvantages including unknown parameters, external disturbances as well as holonomic constraint force. In order to overcome these challenges, many researchers employ the disturbance attenuation control scheme. It was hard to obtain the asymptotic stability in closed system due to the influence of disturbances. Moreover, the attraction region was also estimated exactly because of no knowledge of disturbance influence. This paper presents an external disturbance observer (DO) for flexible joint single-link manipulator. Moreover, the arbitrary small attraction region is obtained by using the suitable parameters. The main result of this paper is proposed based on theoretical analysis of differential equations without any traditional Lyapunov stability analysis. Furthermore, several explorations that depend on parameters are given out. Offline simulation results pointed out the high effectiveness of the proposed methods. 
A Q-learning Based Approach to Spectral Efficiency Maximization in Multiservice Wireless Systems

—In this article, we study Radio Resource Allocation (RRA) as a non-convex optimization problem, aiming at maximizing the spectral efﬁciency subject to satisfaction guarantees in multiservice wireless systems. This problem has already been previously investigated and efﬁcient heuristics have been proposed. However, in order to assess the performance of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms when solving optimization problems in the context of RRA, we revisit that problem and propose a solution based on a Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework. Speciﬁcally, our proposal is based on the Q -learning technique, where an agent gradually learns a policy by interacting with its local environment, until reaching convergence. Thus, in this article, the task of searching for an optimal solution in a combinatorial optimization problem is transformed into ﬁnding an optimal policy in Q -learning. Lastly, through computational simulations we compare the state-of-art proposals of the literature with our approach and we show a near optimal performance of the latter for a well-trained agent.
A Controlled-Interval Light Trap for Microlepidoptera

Although many traps have been designed to study the responses of Lepidoptera to light sources of various intensities and qualities (Gui et al., 1942; Taylor and Deay, 1950; Glick and Hollingsworth, 1954; Merkl and Pfrimmer, 1955; Frost, 1957), few have been designed for studies of flight periodicity. The first one designed for the latter purpose was described by Seamans and Gray (1934). It consisted of seven individual collecting units built into one structure, each unit being operated for one hour of the night. Interval light traps subsequently designed by Hutchins (1940), Nagel and Granovsky (1947), and Coon (Frost, 1952) are of the Minnesota type (Frost, 1952), having a lamp bulb, hood, baffle and funnel. Beneath the funnel is a turntable, which brings a series of collecting jars under the spout of the funnel at regulated intervals. The Rothamstead trap (Williams, 1935, 1948) is also based on a bottle-changing mechanism.
Adaptation and strategy for fertilization in the sperm of teleost fish

Summary Discovery of the environmental triggers for the initiation of sperm motility (Movisawa and Suzuki, 1980) was one of the starting points for understanding the mechanisms regulating sperm behaviour, activation and chemotaxis, which occur as a prologue to fertilization. Further discoveries on egg-derived factors triggering the activation of sperm motility in Pacific herring (Movisawa et al., 1992; Yanagimachi et al., 1992) also demonstrated the cooperation of two different proteins playing an important role for the successful encounter of sperm and egg at fertilization. The purpose of this paper was to review the details of the cell-signaling factors for the initiation and activation of sperm motility in teleosts. An additional aim was to introduce the conceptual idea of regulatory mechanisms for sperm motility reflecting evolutionary processes as well as strategies for establishing successful fertilization mechanisms in teleosts.
Trichome morphology in Teucrium L. (Labiatae). A taxonomic review

The micromorphology of trichomes of 56 Teucrium L. species belonging to the 9 sections of the genus in the Mediterranean area was surveyed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of leaves, calyx, corolla and nutlets. 25 trichome types are described, 12 of them are new. Thin walled hairs are the exclusive type found in the corolla and are the most widespread type on the abaxial side of the leaves. Subsessile glandular hairs, 2-4-celled, are found on the nutlet and leaves of the semi-shrubby and paleoendemic species. The presence of short or elongated, generally adpressed simple thick-walled slighuy conical hairs provides an additional character to clarify the boundaries between sect. Chamedrys (Mill.) Schreb, and sect. Polium (Mill.) Schreb. Branched non-glandular hairs are confined to sect. Polium subsect Polium , except for the rare branched hair conical and thick-walled type found in Teucrium barbarum Jahand. & Maire (sect. Chamaedrys ) and T. heterophyllum L`Her. from sect. Teucrium . This last section is well defined by the absence of simple slighuy conical thick-walled hairs and the glandular hairs in the corolla. Sect. Teucriopsis Benth, is of particular interest for the exclusive presence of branched and peltate glandular hairs on the nutlets surface. Sect. Chamedrys is a homogeneous group, distinguished from the other sections by an indumentum formed only by trichomes types evolved from the simple slighuy conical thick-walled hairs. This section overlaps, in the presence of glandular sub-sessile hair on the nutlets surface, with sects. Isotriodon Boiss, and sect. Polium subsect. Rotundifolia Cohen ex Valdes Berm. & Sanchez Crespo. The trichomes type of the calyx teeth, abaxial side of the leaf and latero-posterior corolla lobes can be used as a distinctive taxonomic character at specific and infra-specific level. This study supports Bentham's delimitauon of sections with the addiuons subequently made by Boissier.