Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Reading Performance Comparison and its Variation with Print, Mobile and Social Media Tools

A plethora of previous literature generated the mixture of results by comparing the reading outcome between digital and printed contexts. Further, the cross-sectional study above failed to yield the findings about the multi-session per-formance over a prolonged period of time as the reading activities proceeded. To address the gap, this study further explored the reading performance over a period of 12 weeks by designing the four-session frames for three different reading contexts of print, mobile and social media. Reading performance scores were gathered from186 postgraduate students from a research university in P.R. China. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the reading outcome among three reading contexts within each temporal session. The integrated statistical results showed that reading in social media produced the highest performance and reading in mobile the lowest performance across all the four temporal ses-sions. Longitudinal study revealed the consistency of reading performance in social media and in mobile with respectively high and low caliber over the four the reading sessions. Reading in print generated the performance in be-tween except in the second temporal session. Future efforts could direct to the comparison of text length between short and long with different textual genres.
Assessment of Streamflow from EURO-CORDEX Regional Climate Simulations in Semi-Arid Catchments Using the SWAT Model

This research studies the effect of climate change on the hydrological behavior of two semi-arid basins. For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used with the simulation of two future climate change scenarios, one Representative Concentration Pathway moderate (RCP 4.5) and the other extreme (RCP 8.5). Three future periods were considered: close (2019–2040), medium (2041–2070), and distant (2071–2100). In addition, several climatic projections of the EURO-CORDEX model were selected, to which different bias correction methods were applied before incorporation into the SWAT model. The statistical indices for the monthly flow simulations showed a very good fit in the calibration and validation phases in the Upper Mula stream (NS = 0.79–0.87; PBIAS = −4.00–0.70%; RSR = 0.44–0.46) and the ephemeral Algeciras stream (NS = 0.78–0.82; PBIAS = −8.10–−8.20%; RSR = 0.4–0.42). Subsequently, the impact of climate change in both basins was evaluated by comparing future flows with those of the historical period. In the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, by the end of the 2071–2100 period, the flows of the Upper Mula stream and the ephemeral Algeciras stream will have decreased by between 46.3% and 52.4% and between 46.6% and 55.8%, respectively.
An Empirical Model for Bulk Chlorine Decay in Drinking Waters

The current chlorine decay models involve complex calculations, and they are impractical for rapid chlorine dose/decay product calculations. This problem limits their applicability to treatment systems. Previously, less attention was paid to developing empirically based bulk chlorine decay models for predicting chlorine decay pathways. In order to bridge this gap, we developed a chlorine decay model based on kinetic data. The model was calibrated using well-characterized humic substances to simulate the natural organic matter content in water. Subsequently, the decay model was utilized to make chlorine decay predictions in the water of the Greater Kandy Water Treatment Facility, Sri Lanka. The chlorine decay predictions are in accordance with model calculations on a short-time scale (less than 5 h). Accordingly, it was noted that the chlorine dose of 1.6 mg/L was found to be inadequate for maintaining the mandatory residual chlorine balance at 0.2 mg/L at distribution. Furthermore, the reported average total of trihalomethanes (TTHMs) below 20 μg/L leaves room to increase the initial chlorine dose.
Haptic control of steer-by-wire systems using parameter estimation of rack system lateral load model

This paper describes a haptic control of steer-by-wire systems for rendering the conventional steering system under various road conditions using parameter estimation of rack system lateral load model. To design the conventional steering system model, the dynamic model of a rack system has been developed as a mass-spring-damper system with a friction model. An online parameter estimation of the rack system was designed to consider the various road conditions in the haptic rendering. In a steering wheel system, which is a haptic device, a limit cycle, and instable behavior can occur due to the sampling rate and quantization. To prevent the limit cycle and instable behavior, a passivity analysis was conducted and constraint conditions of the rendering coefficient was derived. The haptic control algorithm is designed to render the conventional steering system without limit cycles using passivity conditions. The performance of the proposed controller was evaluated via both computer simulations and vehicle tests under various steering conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm ensures haptic rendering performance on dry and wet asphalt conditions.
Thermal monitoring to infer possible interactions between shallow hydrothermal system and slope-scale gravitational deformation of Mt Epomeo (Ischia Island, Italy)

Geothermal and volcanic systems are prone to gravity-induced slope instability at different scales. Endogenous magmatic, hydrothermal and seismic forcings can significantly modify rock mass rheology and perturb the local stress field and gravitational equilibrium, inducing shallow or slope-scale processes. The island of Ischia, which is part of the Phlegrean Volcanic District (Italy), is a remarkable example of this kind of complex interacting system. This study focuses on monitoring the hydrothermal system located beneath the ongoing slope-scale deformation, which involves Mt Nuovo (the western part of Mt Epomeo) and is a complementary effect of the resurgence of an ancient caldera. Debris and rock avalanches have affected the slopes of this volcanic island, in response to the renewal of volcanic activity and caldera resurgence. Large parts of the corresponding mass-wasting deposits overlay the most active areas of the Ischia hydrothermal system, where ongoing slope-scale gravity-driven deformation owing to a mass rock creep (MRC) process is still evolving. To investigate possible relations between the perturbing shallow hydrothermal system and the MRC process, thermal monitoring of selected groups of fumarolic emissions located in several portions of the deforming sector has been carried out since 2008 on a monthly basis by means of direct (thermal probes) and remote sensing (IR-thermography) techniques. Thermal monitoring of specific fumaroles reveals a peculiar seasonal trend characterized by a delayed inverse correlation with rainy periods and a short-term pulsating response to dry stages. The fumaroles also appear spatially correlated to the presence of MRC-related structures involving volcanic slopes. According to the measured thermal data, a conceptual model of the thermal interactions within the Mt Nuovo slope is provided, framing the potential role of thermal actions in accelerating the deformation process. In this view, possible chain effects, owing to magmatic or hydrothermal renovation, are depicted, delineating the most severe multihazard scenario consisting of an accelerating evolution of the MRC process towards paroxysmal collapse.
Anti-nociceptive Potential of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill&Perr (Combretaceae) Stem Bark in Mice

Background: Terminalia macroptera Guill. &Perr. (Combretaceae) is a flowering plant with several ethno-medicinal claims. However, the dearth of information on its analgesic property has necessitated this study.Objectives: to evaluate the anti-nociceptive potential of ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark (TMSB) in mice.Materials and Methods: Male and female mice of weight range 22 – 25g were randomly allotted into seven groups (n= 5) and treated as follows: Group I received 0.5 mL distilled water orally (negative control), Groups II-V were orally administered ethanol extract of T. macroptera stem bark (TMSB) at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively while groups VI-VII received piroxicam 10 mg/kg and pentazocine 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally respectively as standards. The same treatment pattern was adopted for both pain models: tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing assays. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons tests with p < 0.05 taken as significance.Results: The ethanolic extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark showed significant dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activity at 100 and 400 mg/kg (2.95±0.41 and 2.9±0.31 respectively) 60 min post-treatment compared to the negative control group in the tail immersion test. Significant inhibition of nociception (0.20±0.20) was obtained at 400 mg/kg compared to the negative control group in the acetic acid-induced writhing test.Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera stem bark exhibited dose-dependent anti-nociceptive potential in both tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing assays in mice.
A Time-Series Data Generation Method to Predict Remaining Useful Life

Accurate predictions of remaining useful life (RUL) of equipment using machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) models that collect data until the equipment fails are crucial for maintenance scheduling. Because the data are unavailable until the equipment fails, collecting sufficient data to train a model without overfitting can be challenging. Here, we propose a method of generating time-series data for RUL models to resolve the problems posed by insufficient data. The proposed method converts every training time series into a sequence of alphabetical strings by symbolic aggregate approximation and identifies occurrence patterns in the converted sequences. The method then generates a new sequence and inversely transforms it to a new time series. Experiments with various RUL prediction datasets and ML/DL models verified that the proposed data-generation model can help avoid overfitting in RUL prediction model.
Channel deformation of bilayer material using tool rollers: Part I-Springback

ABSTRACT In this two-part paper, the bilayer material is created by sandwiching the aluminium alloy and carbon fibre composite and then deforming through the conventional channel forming. In both aluminium alloy and polymer, the common problem is the springback due to their lower modulus of elasticity. To reduce the springback mechanically, the patented process is used in this work. In this novel manufacturing process, the die and punch radii are converted in rollers. These rollers can be fixed or rotated depending on the necessity. The first part of this paper involves investigating the bilayer material deformation and springback through the novel manufacturing process. For this the bilayer material was created with equal thickness of aluminium alloy and composite. In one sample the aluminium alloy was the top layer and, in another sample, the aluminium alloy material was bottom layer. From the results it was found that the top layer aluminium alloy composite material with punch roller rotating in counterclockwise and die roller rotating in clockwise direction shows lowest springback. The residual stress graph shows that the rollers rotation changes the stress patterns in the material which results in lower springback.
The Effect Of Optimization Of The Utilization Of Mother And Child's Health Book On The Attitudes Of Midwives In The Completeness Of Filling In Kia Books

Background: One of the efforts that have been carried out by the Ministry of Health in supporting the acceleration of MMR reduction is optimizing PONED. Apart from being poned, the use of the MCH Handbook is one way of maintaining health and obtaining quality maternal and child health services. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of training on the optimization of the use of the MCH book on the attitudes of the PONED midwives in completing the MCH booklet filling by village midwives in the working area of ​​the Paser District Health Center. Methods: A Quantitative research method uses Quasy Experiment nonequivalent control group design. By involving 1 control group and 1 treatment group with a total sample size of 43 midwives in each group, using simple random sampling. Data analysis using Wilcoxon. Instrument that use can measure attitudes of midwives with good validity and reliability. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in attitudes before and after treatment with a p-value of 0,000, but the mean value of attitudes before and after showed that training could not change the attitudes of midwives. The training held is not sufficient to change the attitude of midwives in compliance with the filling of the MCH handbook. Conclusion: It needs further and intense training for all PONED and non-PONED midwives and further identification is needed about things that can motivate the attitudes of midwives to improve poned midwives towards the implementation of optimization MCH books.
Design of circular inductive pad couple with magnetic flux density analysis for wireless power transfer in EV

As the population grows, people will consume more natural resources. This issue will lead to a low petrol supply for all land transportation, especially supplies for car consumption. Therefore, the electric vehicle (EV) has been introduced to overcome this issue. Currently, wired charging of EVs has been implemented in most of the developed country, including Malaysia. However, some drawbacks have been found from this technology. Therefore, wireless charging comes into the picture to solve this issue. Charging pad on the road and at the car are required for both wired and wireless charging. Various designs of charging pad are available. However, this paper will only focus on the circular design. There is many software that can be used to design the coil pad. Each software has a different procedure and steps to design the coil pad. In this paper, JMAG Designer software will be used to design the circular coil pad. Then, three coil pair were simulated using JMAG Designer to investigate the magnetic flux density between primary and secondary coil when varying the misalignment of 0 cm, 4 cm and 8 cm. From the simulation, there is no specific trend in the relationship between magnetic flux density and misalignment.
Reelin cells and sex‐dependent synaptopathology in autism following postnatal immune activation

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with considerably increased risk in male infants born preterm and with neonatal infection. Here, we investigated the role of postnatal immune activation on hippocampal synaptopathology by targeting Reelin+ cells in mice with ASD‐like behaviours.
Neogene Kinematics of the Potwar Plateau and the Salt Range, NW Himalayan Front: A Paleostress Inversion and AMS study

ABSTRACT We provide new kinematic data from the Potwar Plateau (Pakistan) to evaluate the tectonic evolution of the region during the Neogene. The plateau is bound by two major strike-slip faults in the west and the east, accommodating its southwards translation. We have recognized two Neogene deformation phases in the plateau, based on paleostress inversion and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) tensors. The first phase lasted until the early Pliocene and was characterized by vertical minor stress and N-S compression, implying thrust tectonics. The second deformation phase is characterized by a near-vertical intermediate principal stress and near-horizontal major and minor stresses, interpreted to be associated with strike-slip tectonics since the late Pliocene. Kint vectors from 21 sites are relatively compatible with the major principal stress orientations (σ1) and indicate two distinct domains. This is possibly because Kmin orientations are related to compaction, whereas Kint orientations were always parallel to tectonic shortening and hence compression direction during both strike-slip (post-late Pliocene) and thrusting (pre-late Pliocene) phases. These phases are characterized by swapping of (σ2) and (σ3) orientations while (σ1) maintained its orientation. The most prominent change occurs at the western part of the Potwar Plateau, where major principal stress directions (σ1) and Kint axes fan out south-westwards. The eastern domain is dominated by NE-SW trending folds and thrust faults, which are absent in the western domain. These structural features are interpreted to be the result of the distribution of deposits of the Neoproterozoic Salt Range Formation as a substratum below the Potwar Plateau. The Salt Range Formation is very thick and widespread in the west area and almost absent in the east. This factor led to unconstrained southwards gliding of the Potwar Plateau over the salt deposits in the west as opposed to frictional sliding and substantial internal deformation in the east.
Comparison of the Processability and Influence on the Microstructure of Different Starting Powder Blends for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Fe3.5Si1.5C Alloy

This paper examines different blends of starting materials for alloy development in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. By using blends of individual elemental, ferroalloy and carbide powders instead of a pre-alloyed gas-atomized starting powder, elaborate gas-atomization processes for the production of individual starting powders with varying alloy compositions can be omitted. In this work the model alloy Fe3.5Si1. 5C is produced by LPBF from different blends of pure elemental, binary and ternary powders. Three powder blends were processed. The base material for all powder blends is a commercial gas-atomized Fe powder. In the first blend this Fe powder is admixed with SiC, in the second with the ternary raw alloy FeSiC and in the third with FeSi and FeC. After characterizing the powder properties and performing LPBF parameter studies for each powder blend, the microstructures and the mechanical properties of the LPBF-manufactured samples were analyzed. Therefore, investigations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy, wave length dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and micro hardness testing. It was shown that the admixed SiC dissolves completely during LPBF. But the obtained microstructure consisting of bainite, martensite, ferrite and retained austenite is inhomogeneous. The use of the lower melting ferroalloys FeSi and FeC as well as the ternary ferroalloy FeSiC leads to an increased chemical homogeneity after LPBF-processing. However, the particle size of the used components plays a decisive role for the dissolution behavior in LPBF.
Liquidity-adjusted value-at-risk: a comprehensive extension with microstructural liquidity components

This study constructs an extended value-at-risk model that incorporates all microstructural liquidity components using a high-quality tick-by-tick index options market dataset. Out-of-sample backtesting and mean-difference analyses suggest that the traditional value-at-risk measure significantly underestimates investors’ potential losses relative to our new liquidity-adjusted measure. Logistic regressions reveal that ex-ante market illiquidity increases violations of liquidity-adjusted value-at-risk and that these violations are often driven by foreign institutional investors.
Assessing the thermal regime of poorly monitored reservoirs with a combined satellite and three-dimensional modeling approach

ABSTRACT The thermal regime of lakes and reservoirs is a major driver of their functioning, yet water temperature measurements are scarce and time-series are frequently interrupted by missing data in many lakes and reservoirs. Our aim was to assess whether satellite imagery combined with 3-dimensional (3D) modeling can overcome this limitation. We assessed the performance of a 3D model (Delft3D-Flow) and compared simulated temperature to satellite data on Karaoun Reservoir in a semiarid region of Lebanon. Surface water temperatures were retrieved from Landsat 8, atmospherically corrected using a single channel algorithm and adjusted with in situ measurements as a proxy of bulk temperatures. With limited calibration, the model reproduced water level fluctuations, water temperature, stratification, and mixing, with low discrepancies from measurements. Satellite temperatures agreed well with observations and simulations. Satellite temperature distribution across the reservoir exhibited low spatial heterogeneity. The 3D model partly reproduced this spatial distribution of surface temperature and generally was able to simulate the thermal regime of the reservoir with limited datasets for initial conditions and for hydrological and meteorological forcing, and with limited calibration. For validating 3D hydrodynamic models, satellite temperatures constitute a valuable source of data complementary to point measurements. Coupling satellite imagery and modeling can improve operational surveys of poorly monitored lakes and reservoirs and enhance knowledge of their thermal functioning.
Functional Communication Training and Most-To-Least Prompting as Treatments for Problem Behavior

Functional communication training (FCT) is a treatment for problem behavior in which the learner is taught a communicative behavior that fulfills the same function as the problem behavior. Although effective, when FCT is used to request breaks from work, limitations include increased time spent in breaks and reduced task-related responding. An alternative treatment is most-to-least prompting (MTL) of a task in which a therapist provides the most helpful prompts for task-related responding (e.g., physical guidance) and gradually reduces the amount of help (e.g., visual prompt and then verbal) until the learner responds independently. We evaluated FCT and MTL in a multiple treatments design with an 11-year-old girl with severe developmental disabilities. Both treatments reduced problem behavior from baseline levels, and academic responding was greater during MTL than during FCT. MTL is an errorless teaching approach conceptualized as an abolishing operation that reduces the aversiveness of a task and makes escape less valuable.
Surviving amidst barriers: Community based organizations and rural farmers’ access to informal credit in Southeast Nigeria

ABSTRACT In most developing countries, access to and use of financial services is low especially among rural farmers. These farmers face numerous difficulties in accessing formal credits. Due to limited access to formal credit, rural farmers are increasingly resorting to sourcing informal credits from community-based organizations (CBOs). Using qualitative data drawn from 24 in-depth interviews with officials of CBOs and nine focus group discussion sessions with experienced rural farmers, we examined how CBOs operate as savings and credit organizations, the impacts of the informal credits provided by the CBOs on rural farmers and the challenges of CBOs. The study revealed that CBOs are increasingly becoming a major provider of credit facilities to rural farmers in Southeast Nigeria. Through investments, savings and credit activities, the CBOs increase their capitals and make them available for loan. Our findings are useful for evidence-informed policy decisions.