Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Trigger Detection for Hardware Trojans

Due to the globalization trend of IC industry, more and more chips are designed and/or fabricated by foreign companies and foundries. Among all the consequences of this globalization trend, the possible existence of stealthy-inserted hardware Trojans (HTs) has raised a great security concern. Without the awareness of the end users or the original designers of host circuits, HTs are usually inserted stealthily at one of the outsourced design or fabrication stages, remain (almost) harmless to the host on dormant mode, and upon triggered will disturb the functions and/or leak the secrets carried by the host. It could become a serious security leak of the systems built on top of infected chips. Identifying whether a circuit carries an HT is thus of the utmost importance to mission-critical applications. Speaking from the point of HT designers, nets with extreme state probabilities could be used to create rare state combination for the purpose of HT triggering. Besides, HT designers seek nets with low switching probabilities to insert their HTs in order not to increase power leakage. We denote the nets with extreme state probability as extreme nets and the nets with low switching probability as inactive nets. It is commonly believed that in order to minimize the chance of accidental triggering or power analysis, they would be better to choose, among all the nets of the host, the nets that with extreme state probabilities (extreme nets) or the nets that barely switch (inactive nets) to construct the trigger parts of their HTs, respectively. However, a net of a circuit experiences very different state probabilities and switching probabilities on test mode and function mode, and existing works have only considered the former. The nets with low activeness on both test mode and function mode hence will be the “best candidates. ” In this paper we will first build the ground on finding the nets with low activeness on function mode, and then propose a fast heuristic method approach. The method runs in minimal complexity, has high accuracy, and is tested on popular benchmarks and large-sized circuits.
Adoption of the Internet in Rural NGOs in Indonesia - A Study on Internet Appropriation for Rural Sector Reform

Today rural sector reform is a paramount issue in Indonesian development. Yet, different social actors have different perspectives and stances towards it. Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) in Indonesia have established themselves in pivotal positions in the social, economic and political landscape across the country, and a large number of their works has often been connected with development in rural sector. But, little has been studied to understand how NGOs in Indonesia, particularly rural NGOs, engage with the issue of rural development itself. With the rural development being one of the oldest issues widely discussed among activists since the early days of the Indonesian NGOs, it is interesting to see how they understand the rural sector reform issue today. An empirical study was conducted recently to see how some Indonesian NGOs, in their endeavour to respond and broaden the discourse, utilise Internet technology. The study employs combination of quantitative and qualitative approach to build a detailed story about how different organisations working in the rural sector reform issue deploy strategies to deal with the issue. By so doing, it aspires to contribute to the advancement of theory relating to the efficacy of Internet as a tool for social reform and development. Two related issues are at stakes. First, amidst everything else, for most NGOs working in rural sector reform, technology is not seen as a compelling issue. Second, the study finds that there is a real need for a further thinking and reflection focusing on what can actually be done with the strategic implementation of the Internet within organisations working in rural issues generally.
Identification of potential target genes of USP22 via ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in HeLa cells

Abstract The ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) is an oncogene and its expression is upregulated in many types of cancer. In the nucleus, USP22 functions as one subunit of the SAGA to regulate gene transcription. However, the genome-wide USP22 binding sites and its direct target genes are yet clear. In this study, we characterized the potential genomic binding sites of UPS22 and GCN5 by ChIP-seq using specific antibodies in HeLa cells. There were 408 overlapping putative target genes bound by both USP22 and GCN5. Motif analysis showed that the sequences bound by USP22 and GCN5 shared two common motifs. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis indicated that the genes targeted by USP22 and GCN5 were involved in different physiological processes and pathways. Further RNA-seq, GO and pathway analyses revealed that knockdown of UPS22 induced differential expression of many genes that participated in diverse physiological processes, such as metabolic process. Integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that UPS22 bound to the promoters of 56 genes. These findings may provide new insights into the regulation of USP22 on gene expression during the development of cervical cancer.
Impact of recommender systems on unplanned purchase behaviours in e-commerce

The emergence of the Chinese online marketplace has stimulated the increasing popularity of recommender systems among websites as a tool that assists consumers to reduce information overload. This study proposes a framework that employs a user-cantered approach to evaluate the impact of recommender systems on unplanned purchase behaviours of Chinese consumers in e-commerce. Multi-item scales are adopted from the literature and used to measure five constructs, namely, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, shopping enjoyment, consumer satisfaction, and unplanned purchase behaviour. The final samples comprised 281 usable Chinese respondents in both gender groups via online survey. Structural equation modelling technique is employed to test all hypotheses. Results show that perceived usefulness plays a leading role in influencing impulse buying. Apart from having a direct and positive effect on unplanned purchase behaviours, perceived usefulness indirectly contributes to impulse buying by affecting consumer satisfaction, which is also essential to promoting unplanned purchases.
Powassan virus, a scoping review of the global evidence

Powassan virus (POWV), a flavivirus discovered in 1958, causes sporadic but severe cases of encephalitis in humans. Since 2007, the number of human Powassan cases diagnosed each year in the USA has steadily increased. This is in agreement with predictions that Powassan cases may increase in North America as a result of increased exposure to infected ticks. However, the increase may also reflect improved diagnostics and reporting among other factors.
Modeling and simulation of effect of double layer capacitance on PEM fuel cell performance

Fuel cell technology is one of the most promising, emissions free, environment friendly energy conversion technology popularly used for various commercial applications like electrical vehicles, building cogeneration and standby power supply. Power density and efficiency of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is depends on its terminal voltage and terminal voltage in term is a function of activation polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. At light loads, the heavy terminal voltage drop is due to activation polarization and the activation polarization is depends on the double layer capacitance formed between electrodes and electrolyte. In this paper MATLAB simulink model of PEM fuel cell is presented to investigate effect of double layer capacitance on performance of PEM fuel cell. Performance of the developed model is validated with the data obtained from single 25 cm2 active area PEM fuel cell.
Regulation and Function of TMEM16F in Renal Podocytes

The Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase and ion channel TMEM16F is expressed in podocytes of renal glomeruli. Podocytes are specialized cells that form interdigitating foot processes as an essential component of the glomerular filter. These cells, which participate in generation of the primary urine, are often affected during primary glomerular diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and secondary hypertensive or diabetic nephropathy, which always leads to proteinuria. Because the function of podocytes is known to be controlled by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, it is important to know about the role of Ca2+-activated TMEM16F in these cells. To that end, we generated an inducible TMEM16F knockdown in the podocyte cell line AB8, and produced a conditional mouse model with knockout of TMEM16F in podocytes and renal epithelial cells of the nephron. We found that knockdown of TMEM16F did not produce proteinuria or any obvious phenotypic changes. Knockdown of TMEM16F affected cell death of tubular epithelial cells but not of glomerular podocytes when analyzed in TUNEL assays. Surprisingly, and in contrast to other cell types, TMEM16F did not control intracellular Ca2+ signaling and was not responsible for Ca2+-activated whole cell currents in podocytes. TMEM16F levels in podocytes were enhanced after inhibition of the endolysosomal pathway and after treatment with angiotensin II. Renal knockout of TMEM16F did not compromise renal morphology and serum electrolytes. Taken together, in contrast to other cell types, such as platelets, bone cells, and immune cells, TMEM16F shows little effect on basal properties of podocytes and does not appear to be essential for renal function.
BACE 1 SUMOylation increases its stability and escalates the protease activity in Alzheimer ' s disease

Jian Bao, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Min Qin, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Bin Zhang, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Fang Huang, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Kuan Zeng, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Yiyuan Xia, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Dan Ke, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Qun Wang, Huazhong University of Science & Technology ROng Liu, Huazhong University of Science & Technology
GPU NTC Process Variation Compensation With Voltage Stacking

Near-threshold computing (NTC) has the potential to significantly improve efficiency in high throughput architectures, such as general-purpose computing on graphic processing unit (GPGPU). Nevertheless, NTC is more sensitive to process variation (PV) as it complicates power delivery. We propose GPU stacking, a novel method based on voltage stacking, to manage the effects of PV and improve the power delivery simultaneously. To evaluate our methodology, we first explore the design space of GPGPUs in the NTC to find a suitable baseline configuration and then apply GPU stacking to mitigate the effects of PV. When comparing with an equivalent NTC GPGPU without PV management, we achieve 37% more performance on average. When considering high production volume, our approach shifts all the chips closer to the nominal non-PV case, delivering on average (across chips) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\approx} 80$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% of the performance of nominal NTC GPGPU, whereas when not using our technique, chips would have <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\approx} 50$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% of the nominal performance. We also show that our approach can be applied on top of multifrequency domain designs, improving the overall performance.
Racial differences in in vivo adipose lipid kinetics in humans

The storage of lipids in the form of triglycerides (TGs) and the de novo synthesis (lipogenesis) of fatty acids from nonlipid precursors [de novo lipogenesis (DNL)] are important functions of adipose tissue (AT) that influence whole-body metabolism. Yet, few studies have reported in vivo estimates of adipose lipid kinetics in humans. Fifty-two women with obesity (27 African-American and 25 Caucasian; 29.7 ± 5.5 years; BMI 32.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2; 44.3 ± 4.0% body fat) were enrolled in the study. In vivo synthesis (or replacement) of TGs (fTG) as well as the synthesis of the fatty acid, palmitate [a measure of adipose DNL (fDNL)], were assessed using an 8 week incorporation of deuterium into lipids (glycerol and palmitate moieties of TGs) in subcutaneous abdominal (scABD) and subcutaneous femoral (scFEM) AT. We report, for the first time, significant race differences in both TG synthesis and absolute DNL, with Caucasians having higher fTG and fDNL as compared with African-Americans. The DNL contribution to newly synthesized TG (corrected fDNL) was not different between races. Interestingly, our findings also show that the scFEM adipose depot had higher TG replacement rates relative to the scABD. Finally, the replacement rate of TG (fTG) was negatively correlated with changes in body weight over the 8 week labeling period. Our results provide the first evidence that in vivo TG replacement (synthesis and breakdown) rates differ by ethnicity. In addition, TG turnover varies by depot location in humans, implying an increased capacity for TG storage and higher lipolytic activity in the scFEM AT.
Synthesis of halogenated azo-aspirin analogues from natural product derivatives as the potential antibacterial agents

Abstract Chemical modification of medicines from natural product-based molecules has become of interest in recent years. In this study, a series of halogenated azo derivatives 1a-d were synthesised via coupling reaction, followed by Steglich esterification with aspirin (a natural product derivative) to form azo derivatives 2a-d. While, halogenated azo-aspirin 3a-d were synthesised via direct coupling reaction of aspirin and diazonium salt. Bacteriostatic activity was demonstrated against E. coli and S. aureus via turbidimetric kinetic method. Compound 3a-d showed excellent antibacterial activities against E. coli (MIC 75–94 ppm) and S. aureus (MIC 64–89 ppm) compared to ampicillin (MIC 93 and 124 ppm respectively), followed by 1a-d and 2a-d. The presence of reactive groups of –OH, N=N, C=O and halogens significantly contribute excellent interaction towards E. coli and S. aureus. Molecular dockings analysis of 3a against MIaC protein showed binding free energy of −7.2 kcal/mol (E. coli) and −6.6 kcal/mol (S. aureus).
TM02 Quarter-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Resonator for Dual Detection of Chemicals

The detection of multiple fluids using a single chip has been attracting attention recently. A TM02 quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide resonator designed at 5.81 GHz on RT/duroid 6010LM with a return loss of 13 dB and an unloaded quality factor of Q ≈ 13 generates two distinct strong electric fields that can be manipulated to simultaneously detect two chemicals. Two asymmetric channels engraved in a polydimethylsiloxane sheet are loaded with analyte to produce a unique resonance frequency in each case, regardless of the dielectric constants of the liquids. Keeping in view the nature of lossy liquids such as ethanol, the initial structure and channels are optimized to ensure a reasonable return loss even in the case of loading lossy liquids. After loading the empty channels, Q is evaluated as 43. Ethanol (E) and deionized water (DI) are simultaneously loaded to demonstrate the detection of all possible combinations: [Air, Air], [E, DI], [DI, E], [E, E], and [DI, DI]. The proposed structure is miniaturized while exhibiting a performance comparable to that of existing multichannel microwave chemical sensors.
Wireless Charging Techniques for UAVs: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension

An important application in the growing field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is in monitoring and inspection of high voltage power lines and electrical networks. The UAV-based monitoring method will save energy, simplify access to impassable or remote areas, reduce inspection cost, and automate the inspection process. However, the battery capacity of a medium scale drone limits their travel distance and mission duration. It is crucial to improve the energy feeding system of drones and overcome the battery capacity problem to foster the use of drones for routine monitoring operations. In this study, we focus on presenting wireless techniques available for drone mission duration improvement as well as discuss and practically examine the most feasible and reliable technique to charge UAV using power lines.
Analysis of a PV system under partially shaded condition using enhanced PV model

Under Partial Shaded Conditions (PSC), the Photovoltaic(PV) system suffers from large computational time, as the PV arrays are subjected to different irradiances due to obstacles like passing clouds, high towers in neighborhood, etc. This higher computational time becomes more critical in large PV systems and results in slow tracking speed, unreliable and inaccurate tracking and lower power efficiency. Tracking of MPP is always a difficult task in these varying metrological conditions as PV characteristics exhibits multiple power peaks having local and global maximum. This paper tries to solve the issue of large computational time by using the enhanced PV model with the reduced computational time without affecting its accuracy. This enhanced model provides comparable accuracy with practical model with lesser computational time by substituting its series resistance by a polynomial voltage dependent voltage source. A MATLAB-based modeling and simulation suitable for analyzing the I-V and P-V characteristics is developed under PSC and also used for studying the MPPT tracking algorithms in such conditions. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based MPPT algorithm is used for reliable and accurate tracking of the global power peak point under partially shaded conditions, which eliminates the limitations of the conventional MPPT techniques and provides efficient solution. The simulation results emphasize that PV model and MPPT techniques used can effectively enhance the tracking speed, tracking accuracy of the PV system under PSC.
SAMHD1 modulates in vitro proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia-derived THP-1 cells through the PI3K-Akt-p27 axis

ABSTRACT Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a mammalian dNTP hydrolase that acts as a negative regulator in the efficacy of cytarabine treatment against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the role of SAMHD1 in AML development and progression remains unknown. We have reported that SAMHD1 knockout (KO) in the AML-derived THP-1 cells results in enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that SAMHD1 KO in THP-1 cells increased PI3K activity and reduced expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K activity reduced cell proliferation specifically in SAMHD1 KO cells, suggesting that SAMHD1 KO-induced cell proliferation is mediated via enhanced PI3K signaling. However, PI3K inhibition did not significantly affect SAMHD1 KO-reduced apoptosis, implicating the involvement of additional mechanisms. SAMHD1 KO also led to enhanced phosphorylation of p27 at residue T157 and its mis-localization to the cytoplasm. Inhibition of PI3K activity reversed these effects, indicating that SAMHD1 KO-induced changes in p27 phosphorylation and localization is mediated via PI3K-Akt signaling. While SAMHD1 KO significantly enhanced THP-1 cell migration in vitro, SAMHD1 KO attenuated the ability of THP-1 cells to form subcutaneous tumors in xenografted immunodeficient mice. This effect correlated with significantly increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in tumors, which may suggest that TNF-α-mediated inflammation could account for the decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. Our findings implicate that SAMHD1 can regulate AML cell proliferation via modulation of the PI3K-Akt-p27 signaling axis, and that SAMHD1 may affect tumorigenicity by downregulating inflammation.
Impact of Sliding Window Length in Indoor Human Motion Modes and Pose Pattern Recognition Based on Smartphone Sensors

Human activity recognition (HAR) is essential for understanding people’s habits and behaviors, providing an important data source for precise marketing and research in psychology and sociology. Different approaches have been proposed and applied to HAR. Data segmentation using a sliding window is a basic step during the HAR procedure, wherein the window length directly affects recognition performance. However, the window length is generally randomly selected without systematic study. In this study, we examined the impact of window length on smartphone sensor-based human motion and pose pattern recognition. With data collected from smartphone sensors, we tested a range of window lengths on five popular machine-learning methods: decision tree, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, Gaussian naïve Bayesian, and adaptive boosting. From the results, we provide recommendations for choosing the appropriate window length. Results corroborate that the influence of window length on the recognition of motion modes is significant but largely limited to pose pattern recognition. For motion mode recognition, a window length between 2.5–3.5 s can provide an optimal tradeoff between recognition performance and speed. Adaptive boosting outperformed the other methods. For pose pattern recognition, 0.5 s was enough to obtain a satisfactory result. In addition, all of the tested methods performed well.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of an optimized TetO repeat for live cell imaging of endogenous loci

Nuclear organization has an important role in determining genome function; however, it is not clear how spatiotemporal organization of the genome relates to functionality. To elucidate this relationship, a high-throughput method for tracking any locus of interest is desirable. Here, we report an efficient and scalable method named SHACKTeR (Short Homology and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knock-in of a TetO Repeat) for live cell imaging of specific chromosomal regions. Compared to alternatives, our method does not require a nearby repetitive sequence and it requires only two modifications to the genome: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of an optimized TetO repeat and its visualization by TetR-EGFP expression. Our simplified knock-in protocol, utilizing short homology arms integrated by PCR, was successful at labeling 9 different loci in HCT116 cells with up to 20% efficiency. These loci included both nuclear speckle-associated, euchromatin regions and nuclear lamina-associated, heterochromatin regions. We anticipate the general applicability and scalability of our method will enhance causative analyses between gene function and compartmentalization in a high-throughput manner.