Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of socio-technical coordination using a socio-technical congruence model

Coordination in software development, especially in global software development, is important because a team cannot perform well unless its team members communicate and maintain awareness of each other's activities. In order to improve socio-technical coordination, which is coordination among team members who work on interdependent technical entities, it must be conceptualized and measured. One measurement of coordination is socio-technical congruence, which calculates the alignment between technical relationships and social relationships. The problem is that there are a large number of social and technical factors to consider when using socio-technical congruence to study coordination. Current limitations with socio-technical congruence include the inability to represent the size of gaps in coordination between people, the sparse understanding of the role of awareness in conjunction with other coordination mechanisms, and the lack of a technique with which to model people who are involved in certain communication patterns , but not assigned to technical tasks. To address these limitations, this dissertation describes a socio-technical congruence model to study socio-technical coordination. The model focuses on refining conceptualizations of technical and social relationships between people, on describing an improved gap technique for calculating socio-technical alignment, and on providing guidelines on how to study coordination in teams using the socio-technical congruence model. I first develop the model theoretically from related work. I then conduct two empirical investigations to address limitations of the model. The first study examines awareness, using observational studies, in a small global team. The second study examines important communicators and people who emerge in coordination despite having no technical relationships by examining email archives from the same team. I conduct a third empirical investigation of a large global team to apply the model to study the relationship between socio-technical congruence and team performance with the project's repository. Finally, I revisit the model and improve it based on the empirical findings. The model refines conceptualizations of relationships, classifies emergent people who are suddenly involved with a task or a team during the project, and represents multi-variable relationships. It includes a template and an accompanying process for applying socio-technical congruence to study socio-technical coordination. This model enables researchers to study socio-technical coordination and analyze its effect on software engineering outcomes such as performance and quality.
TDP of ZjuNlict 2006

This paper describes the improvements of ZjuNlict we have made during last year. A concave kicking and horizontal dribbling bar are designed for our mechanical system. With respect to the electronics system, the power system and motor driver are redesigned and imple- mented. The frame rate of the software system is doubled from 30HZ to 60HZ.A neural network is used for compensating robot's open loop control.
A POSTERIORI STOCHASTIC

We derive a posteriori error estimates for a fully discrete time-implicit (cid:28)nite element approximation of the stochastic total variaton (cid:29)ow (STVF) with additive space time noise. The estimates are (cid:28)rst derived for an implementable fully discrete approximation of a regularized stochastic total variation (cid:29)ow. We then show that the derived a posteriori estimates remain valid for the unregularized (cid:29)ow up to a perturbation term that can be controlled by the regularization parameter. Based on the derived a posteriori estimates we propose a pathwise algorithm for the adaptive space-time re(cid:28)nement and perform numerical simulation for the regularized STVF to demonstrate the behavior of the proposed algorithm.
Fish larvae DNA barcoding indicated the potential appearance of rare species

By introduction of DNA barcodes in Adriatic larval fish identification possible presence ofnew Gobiidae - Buenia massutii Kovačić, Ordines, and Schliewen, 2017, was noticed. Till now, occurrence of this species was restricted only to the Western Mediterranean and to the neighbouring part of the Atlantic Ocean.
Visual Exploration of Large Multidimensional Trajectory Data

Several visualisation methods have been recently proposed to aid a wide variety of users in the exploration of geographical trajectory, or trail, datasets. Such datasets consist of thousands up to millions of spatiotemporal trails that are also attributed by many additional data variables related to the identity of the tracked items, type of motion being recorded, data provenance, and more. As both data size and data dimensionality grow, ﬁnding eﬃcient and eﬀective ways to answer concrete questions, as well as discover unknown insights, from such data become increasingly important. We present an overview of recent information visualisation and visual analytics developments in this direction, with the aim of bridging the gap between technical developments in this area and actual users and use-cases that can beneﬁt from them. In this overview, we discuss strengths, limitations, assumptions, and other important characteristics of such visualisation methods, so as to help domain experts ﬁnd optimal methods for their given application contexts. We illustrate our discussion with several examples of visualisation of large-scale, real-world, trajectory datasets related to migration data and use-cases.
News from r‐Process Nucleosynthesis: Consequences from the ESS to Early Stars

The exact conditions for the supemova high‐entropy wind (HEW) as one of the favored sites for the rapid neutron‐capture (r‐) process still cannot be reproduced self‐consistently in present hydrodynamic astrophysical models. Therefore, we have performed large‐scale dynamical network calculations within a parameterized HEW model to constrain the necessary conditions for a full r‐process and to compare our results with recent observations. A model‐inherently weighted superposition of entropy trajectories results in an excellent reproduction of the overall Solar‐System isotopic abundances (Nr,⊙) of the “main” r‐process elements beyond Sn. For the lighter r‐elements in the range 26⩽Z⩽42, our HEW model supports earlier qualitative ideas about a multiplicity of nucleosynthetic processes leading to the total Nr,⊙ distribution. In the HEW scenario, these suggestions are quantified, and the origin of the missing primary process is confirmed to be a rapid charged‐particle process, thus excluding a “weak” neutron‐capture component. This explains the recent halo‐star observations of a Z‐dependent non‐correlation, respectively partial correlation of the lighter r‐elements with metallicity and/or enrichment of “main” r‐process elements.The exact conditions for the supemova high‐entropy wind (HEW) as one of the favored sites for the rapid neutron‐capture (r‐) process still cannot be reproduced self‐consistently in present hydrodynamic astrophysical models. Therefore, we have performed large‐scale dynamical network calculations within a parameterized HEW model to constrain the necessary conditions for a full r‐process and to compare our results with recent observations. A model‐inherently weighted superposition of entropy trajectories results in an excellent reproduction of the overall Solar‐System isotopic abundances (Nr,⊙) of the “main” r‐process elements beyond Sn. For the lighter r‐elements in the range 26⩽Z⩽42, our HEW model supports earlier qualitative ideas about a multiplicity of nucleosynthetic processes leading to the total Nr,⊙ distribution. In the HEW scenario, these suggestions are quantified, and the origin of the missing primary process is confirmed to be a rapid charged‐particle process, thus excluding a “weak” neutron‐cap.
International Journal of Instruction

In this research we aim to reproduce and extend the positive results about the effect of humor in solving mathematical word problems. We examined whether solving humorous word problems has some effect on either word problems demanding realistic consideration or word problems of the well-known routine type. Fifthand sixth-grade students (N=1,153) solved different types of tasks including humorous, routine and “problematic” word problems, answered further questions concerning their attitude towards mathematics. Our results suggest that while sixth-graders outperformed their fifth-grade peers, the positive effect of humorous word problems proved to be even more relevant than the school grade. However, there has been some possible negative effect of humor when solving routine word problems. Furthermore, students expressed a positive attitude toward humorous word problems by selecting these as their favorite tasks compared to other types of word problems. The results obtained provide further evidence on the desirability and feasibility of introducing (more) humor in mathematics education.
Functional Facets of Intergenic Hairpin Structures in Genus Caulobacter

ii List of Tables . v List of Figures . vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Characterizations of long intergenic sequences and hairpin structures in Caulobacter crescentus . 6 Chapter 3: Identification and distribution of long intergenic sequences with hairpin elements in genus Caulobacter.16 Chapter 4: Hierarchical clustering of long DNA repeats to extract meaningful sequence patterns.20 Chapter 5: Conclusions.34 References: . 36
Global Sourcing and Multinational Activity: A Unified Approach

Multinational firms (MNEs) accounted for 42 percent of US manufacturing employment, 87 percent of US imports, and 84 of US exports in 2007. Despite their disproportionate share of global trade, MNEs’ input sourcing and final-good production decisions are often studied separately. Using newly merged data on firms’ trade and FDI activity by country, we show that US MNEs are more likely to import not only from the countries in which they have affiliates, but also from other countries within their affiliates’ region. We rationalize these patterns in a unified framework in which firms jointly determine the countries in which to produce final goods, and the countries from which to source inputs. The model generates a new source of scale economies that arises because a firm incurs a country-specific fixed cost that allows all its assembly plants to source inputs from that country. This shared fixed cost across plants creates interdependencies between firms’ assembly and sourcing locations, and leads to non-monotonic responses in third markets to bilateral trade cost changes. ∗Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the US Census Bureau or the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The Census Bureau’s Disclosure Review Board and Disclosure Avoidance Officers have reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and have approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release (CBDRB-FY21-CED006-0004). BEA has also reviewed this paper for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release. We thank Fabian Eckert and Natalia Ramondo for very constructive conference discussions, Andrés Rodríguez-Clare and Peter Schott for helpful input, and multiple seminar and conference audiences for useful questions and suggestions. We are also grateful to Emek Basker, Fariha Kamal, Shawn Klimek, and Jim Fetzer for valuable input on the data construction and disclosure process, Michael Freiman and Abdul Munasib for support with the disclosure process, and Jack Liang and Hannah Rubinton for excellent research assistance.
Evaluation of sinus/edge corrected ZTE-based attenuation correction in brain PET/MRI

Purpose : In brain positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), the major challenge of zero-echo-time (ZTE)-based attenuation correction (ZTAC) is the misclassification of air/tissue/bone mixtures or their boundaries. Our study aimed to evaluate a sinus/edge corrected (SEC) ZTAC (ZTAC SEC ), relative to an “uncorrected (UC)” ZTAC (ZTAC UC ) and a computed tomography (CT) atlas-based attenuation correction (ATAC). Materials and Methods : Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI scans were performed for twelve patients, following PET/CT scans. Only data acquired at a bed station that includes the head were employed for this study. Using PET data from PET/MRI, ZTAC UC , ZTAC SEC , ATAC and reference CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) were applied to PET attenuation correction. For ZTAC UC , the bias-corrected and normalized ZTE was converted to pseudoCT with air (-1000 HU for ZTE < 0.2), soft-tissue (42 HU for ZTE > 0.75), and bone (-2000*(ZTE-1) + 42 HU for 0.2 ≤ ZTE ≤ 0.75). Afterwards, in the pseudoCT, sinus/edges were automatically estimated as a binary mask through morphological processing and edge detection. In the binary mask, the overestimated values were rescaled below 42 HU for ZTAC SEC . For ATAC, the atlas deformed to MR in-phase was segmented to air, inner-air, soft-tissue, and continuous bone. For the quantitative evaluation, PET mean uptake values were measured in twenty 1 ml volumes-of-interest distributed throughout brain tissues. The PET uptakes were compared using a paired t -test. An error histogram was employed to show the distribution of voxel-based PET uptake differences. Results : Compared to CTAC, ZTAC SEC achieved the overall PET quantification accuracy (0.2±2.4%, p = 0.23) similar to CTAC, in comparison with ZTAC UC (5.6±3.5%,
MAGNETO-OPTICAL RESONANCE IN FERROMAGNETICS

Dynamic properties of ferromsrnetics in electromagnetic fields were studied at various frequencies from hertz fractions (magnetic viscosity) to millimeter waves (ferromagnetic resonance), followed by studies in the optical (magneto-optical effects) and soft x-ray ranges (structure region below and above Curie point). Results developed for the visible and close infra-red regious are reported. (R.V.J.)
NOTICE CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS

The Cerro Prieto geothermal field, located in the Mexicali Valley, B.C., Mexico, has been exploited for energy production since 1973. Geodetic and geotechnical measurements have revealed subsidence likely due to a combination of fluid extraction and tectonic movement in this active tectonic area. This paper reports preliminary results of an ongoing project in which satellite radar (ERS 1/2 and ENVISAT Cband) data is used to map the deformation in this region via interferometric processing. The project objective is to use Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) together with geodetic (leveling surveys) and geotechnical (tiltmeters and extensometers) techniques to monitor the spatio-temporal evolution of the surface deformation in the study area and to distinguish among several possible causes (tectonics and fluid extraction) and mechanisms (aseismic and seismic slip).
Gender Discrimination in Online Markets

We study whether a seller’s gender impacts the bargained-for price in a product market, specifically baseball cards. We isolate the seller’s gender using an online transaction exposing the buyer to the seller’s gender via the seller’s hand and name. In both a field experiment, in which we actually sell cards on eBay, and a laboratory experiment, in which we conduct surveys via Amazon Mechanical Turk, we find, contrary to current literature, that women sell baseball cards for a higher price and greater profit compared to men. The observed discrimination appears to be both statistical and taste based. These findings contribute to the law and economics literature on discrimination and have ramifications for the economic opportunities of women in the retail marketplace and for the law of gender discrimination. (JEL J16, C91, C93, K31, K38)
A combined Optical and X-ray Spectra Study for Type 1 AGN. III. Broadband SED Properties

In this third paper in a series of three, we present a detailed study of the AGN broadband SED based on a nearby unobscured Type 1 AGN sample. We perform a systematic cross-correlation study of the following key parameters: $\Gamma_{2-10keV}$, $L_{2-10keV}$, $L_{bol}$, $L_{bol}/L_{Edd}$, $\kappa_{2-10keV}$, $\kappa_{5100A}$, FWHM$_{H\beta}$, M$_{BH}$, $\alpha_{ox}$, $\alpha_{X}$ and $\alpha_{UV}$, and identify various strong correlations among these parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) is performed on the correlation matrix of the above parameters, which shows that the three physical parameters, i.e. black hole mass, mass accretion rate and Eddington ratio, drive the majority of the correlations. This is consistent with PCA results found from previous optical spectral studies. We produce various mean SEDs classified by each of the key parameters. Most parameters, except L$_{bol}$, show similar systematic changes in the mean SEDs such that the temperature at which the disc peaks is correlated with the ratio of power in the disc versus the Comptonised components and the hard X-ray spectral index. This underlying change in SED shape shows that AGN do exhibit intrinsically different spectral states. This is superficially similar to the SED differences in BHB seen as $\lambda_{Edd}$ increases, but the analogy does not hold in detail. Only objects with the highest $\lambda_{Edd}$ appear to correspond to a BHB spectral state (the disc dominated high/soft state). The AGN with typical mass accretion rates have spectra which do not match well with any state observed in BHB. We speculate that this could be due to the presence of a powerful UV line driven disc wind, which complicates simple mass scaling between stellar and supermassive black holes.
HollywooDDoS: Detecting Volumetric Attacks in Moving Images of Network Traffic

Fast detection of Distributed Denial of Service attacks is key for establishing appropriate countermeasures in order to protect potential targets. HollywooDDoS applies well-known techniques from movie classification to the challenge of DDoS detection. The proposed approach utilizes a traffic aggregation scheme representing traffic volumes between IP subnets as two-dimensional images, while preserving detection relevant traffic characteristics. These images serve as input for a convolutional neural network, learning IP address space distributions of both background and attack traffic intensities. It is shown that a real-world DDoS attack can be precisely detected on the time scale of milliseconds. We evaluate classification of images without temporal information about attack traffic development to outline the impact of image resolution and aggregation time frames. We then show that attack detection further improves by 17% when utilizing a consecutive series of images capturing traffic dynamics.
Spectrally Efficient Uplink Cooperative NOMA With Joint Decoding for Relay-Assisted IoT Networks

We propose a spectrally efficient uplink cooperative relaying protocol with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> multiple half-duplex relay stations (RNs) for wireless Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where two IoT devices (IDs) and an access point (AP) cannot directly communicate with each other. The two IDs simultaneously transmit signals over the same spectrum resource using the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique. In the proposed technique, at a certain time slot, a single RN is selected to send the received packets from two IDs in the previous time slot, while the remaining <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K-1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RNs receive new packets from two IDs. Thus, the proposed relaying protocol can send <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> packets from an ID to the AP during <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N+1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> time slots without a duty-cycle loss in conventional half-duplex relaying schemes. We call the proposed protocol a spectrally efficient cooperative NOMA. The main highlight of our results is that we mathematically derive a closed-form outage probability of the proposed protocol by considering inter-relay interference, assuming an optimal joint decoding technique instead of successive interference cancelation (SIC) decoding at each RN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first theoretical result in the literature. Extensive computer simulations are used to validate the mathematical results. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed protocol significantly outperforms the existing two-hop half-duplex cooperative NOMA technique and the SIC decoding scheme in terms of outage probability.
Characterizing the Mechanisms of Metalaxyl, Bronopol and Copper Sulfate against Saprolegnia parasitica Using Modern Transcriptomics

Saprolegniasis, which is caused by Saprolegnia parasitica, leads to considerable economic losses. Recently, we showed that metalaxyl, bronopol and copper sulfate are good antimicrobial agents for aquaculture. In the current study, the efficacies of metalaxyl, bronopol and copper sulfate are evaluated by in vitro antimicrobial experiments, and the mechanism of action of these three antimicrobials on S. parasitica is explored using transcriptome technology. Finally, the potential target genes of antimicrobials on S. parasitica are identified by protein–protein interaction network analysis. Copper sulfate had the best inhibitory effect on S. parasitica, followed by bronopol. A total of 1771, 723 and 2118 DEGs upregulated and 1416, 319 and 2161 DEGs downregulated S. parasitica after three drug treatments (metalaxyl, bronopol and copper sulfate), separately. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis also determined that there were 17, 19 and 13 significantly enriched metabolic pathways. PPI network analysis screened out three important proteins, and their corresponding genes were SPRG_08456, SPRG_03679 and SPRG_10775. Our results indicate that three antimicrobials inhibit S. parasitica growth by affecting multiple biological functions, including protein synthesis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. Additionally, the screened key genes can be used as potential target genes of chemical antimicrobial drugs for S. parasitica.
Androgen Plays a Potential Novel Hormonal Therapeutic Role in Th17 Cells Predominant Neutrophilic Severe Asthma by Attenuating BECs Regulated Th17 Cells Differentiation via MBD2 Expression

T helper 17 (Th17) cells subtype of non-T2 asthma is less responsive (resistant) to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), so also called severe asthma. Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) regulates the differentiation of the Th17 cells, showing the possibility of a therapeutic target in severe asthma. Androgen tends to show beneficial therapeutic effects and is a “hot research topic,” but its role in the differentiation and expression of Th17 cells via MBD2 is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate how sex hormone interacts with MBD2 and affects the differentiation and expression of Th17 cells in severe asthma. Here, first, we measured the concentration of androgen, estrogen, and androgen estrogen ratio from subjects and correlated it with severe asthma status. Then, we established an animal model and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) model of severe asthma to evaluate the role of MBD2 in the differentiation and expression of Th17 cells (IL-17), the therapeutic potential of sex hormones in severe asthma, and the effect of sex hormones in BECs regulated Th17 cells differentiation via MBD2 at the cellular level. Increased MBD2 expression and Th17 cells differentiation were noted in the animal and the BECs severe asthma models. Th17 cell differentiation and expression were MBD2 dependent. Androgen attenuated the differentiation of BECs regulated Th17 cells via MBD2 showing BECs as a therapeutic target of androgen, and these findings postulate the novel role of androgen in Th17 cells predominant neutrophilic severe asthma therapy through targeting MBD2.