Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Hydrolysis Reaction of Sunflower Oil in Aqueous Emulsion

Microwave irradiation (MW) has been widely applied as heating in chemical processing. It offers a clean, convenient and inexpensive method of heating which often results in higher yields and shorter reaction times. Here, we study the microwave heating influence on the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (sunflower oil) in aqueous emulsion catalyzed by using 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). The progress of the hydrolysis reaction was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of temperature, reaction time and the catalyst nature and concentration on the hydrolysis reaction were investigated. The hydrolysis was carried out at temperatures ranging between 90°C and 150°C. The polarity of the reaction medium accelerated this reaction.
Indeterminacy in a dynamic small open economy with international migration

This paper presents a dynamic small open economy version of the standard neoclassical exogenous growth model with international migration. It considers both the case of perfect world capital markets and the case of imperfect capital markets and shows that local indeterminacy always arises independently of the capital market regime. To study the dynamic implications of migration on domestic consumption, current account and capital accumulation, we simulate the model numerically by distinguishing three different scenarios depending on whether the initial immigration ratio is larger, equal or smaller than its steady-state value. In the case of perfect world capital markets, we find that migration has only a temporary impact on capital accumulation, but a permanent impact on domestic consumption and foreign debt. Instead, in the case of imperfect world capital markets, we find that migration has only temporary impacts on all the main macroeconomic variables.
Molecular phylogeny of African hinged and helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelusios and Pelomedusa)

Fritz, U. , Branch, W. R. , Hofmeyr, M. D. , Maran, J., Prokop, H. , Schleicher, A. , Široký, P., Stuckas, H. , Vargas‐Ramírez, M. , Vences, M. & Hundsdörfer, A. K. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of African hinged and helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelusios and Pelomedusa). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 115–125.
Systematic testing and results of x-ray CCDs developed for eROSITA and other applications

An advanced pnCCD type has been developed, based on the concept of the XMM-Newton detector, which has been performing spectroscopy and imaging since 2000. This new detector is designed according to the requirements of eROSITA, a new X-ray astronomy mission, to be launched in 2010. The focal plane for each of the seven individual Wolter telescopes will be equipped with one of these new-type X-ray pnCCDs. In addition to the eROSITA chips, we have developed CCDs for other applications, e.g. for projects which require smaller pixel sizes. The devices that have been produced in the semiconductor laboratory (MPI Halbleiterlabor) of the Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik are currently subject of systematic quality checks and spectroscopic tests. These tests are performed under standardized conditions on a representative subset of the many devices we have produced. The aim of these tests is to extract the key performance parameters of the individual CCDs like readout noise, energy resolution and the occurrence of bad pixels. The analysis includes the CAMEX analog signal processor, which has been developed for the readout of the CCD signals. After an introduction, we present the motivation for the detector development and give an overview about our CCD design and production, as well as about the CAMEX ASIC. Then device tests, test setups and data analysis are described. We report in detail about the performance of the tested devices. Failures that occurred during device tests are subsequently discussed. Finally, we give a review of the results.
Novel Innovation Model of E-Commerce Consumption Based on Big Data Processing and Analysis Technology

Big data is a large volume, data category is particularly large data sets, and such data sets can not use traditional database tools to capture, manage and deal with its content. Big data value chain can be divided into 4 stages: data generation, data acquisition, and data storage and data analysis. Data analysis aims at extracting useful values, providing judgments, suggestions, or supporting decisions. By analyzing data sets from different fields, different levels of potential values can be generated. The paper presents novel innovation model of e-commerce consumption based on big data processing and analysis technology.
Investigating and Comparing Some Consumption-based Asset Pricing Models: The Case of Iran

Studies of last two decades refer to limits on the classical models of asset pricing such capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and consumption-based CAPM (CCAPM). In this article we make adjustments in CCAPM model and have been estimated modified models for the economy of Iran from 1988 to 2011. These models are housing CCAPM (HCCAPM) and SCCAPM that in them investigated the implications of novel classes of preferences for the behavior of asset prices. In SCCAPM model utility function is a function of consumption and savings. In HCCAPM model utility function is a function of nonhousing and housing consumption. In this article estimated Euler equations for these preferences with generalized method of moments. We employ comparison criteria Hansen and Jagannathan (1991) HJ-distance for compare these models. Our empirical results indicated that economic factors are patient and very risk averse. Elasticity of substitution between housing service consumption and nonhousing service consumption is positive. However the HCAPM and SCCAPM have the explanatory power stock returns but compared to CCAPM have less performance or introducing housing and saving into the consumption-based models does not always improve the models’ performance. Results of SCCAPM suggested that the preference for saving in Iran is economically significant
Resilience in the face of changing living conditions in Guangzhou, China – insights and perspectives from psychology

To respond to increasing intercity competition and to improve its leading role as the regional centre in southern China, the Guangzhou government has been constructing the "South Railway Station" in Shibi Village, the largest passenger railway station in Asia. This paper explores and reflects upon how the inhabitants of this village appraise and deal with the project's impacts on their living conditions. In this regard, the question is particularly considered as to why some individuals show adaptive functioning in. the face of significant risk or adversity while others do not. Which risk and protective fac tors play a role in modifying the quality of stress experience and interface with the phenomenon of individual resilience? The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it aims to enrich the geographical discourse on vulnerability and resilience by taking a psychological perspective and presenting and applying aspects of the transactional stress model of LAZARUS and of current psychological research on individual resilience. Secondly, it seeks to analyze the effect of risk and protective factors especially in relation to complex person-environment relationships that seem neither amenable to modification nor controllable by "visible" action. Problem-based interviews (including narrative sequences) with Shibi's inhabitants and auto photography reveal that, in particular, intrapsychological problemand emotion-focussed coping modes and person-related dispositions such as an internal locus of control or optimism contribute to features of individual resilience.
Hope without salvation: anti-religious optimism among dutch young adults

From the perspective of Christian belief and its long history of reflection, the concept of salvation hints at the possibility of a state of wellbeing and wholeness that is sustained by God‟s aim to bring the good to people (Jonker 1994). Traditionally, the idea of a being part of a message of salvation in the midst of a world dominated by evil used to be an inspiring and guiding concept for an array of tasks within Christian ministry. Church services were meant to be sacred moments in time for anticipating and celebrating the salvation expected and already given. Sermons and education aimed to help parishioners understand the character of salvation and to help them to bring their life styles more in concordance with this sacred state. Although, under the influence of our highly secularised Dutch society, many churches have modernized their message, their Sunday morning services, and their style of education, we can still, theologically speaking, consider salvation (or Shalom) and the counter concepts doom and evil to be key concepts of Christian doctrine, central to Christian celebrations.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of pink guava leaves and seeds

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves and seeds of pink guava (Psidium guajava L.) were investigated. They were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, and oxidative stability of fats using Rancimat test. The antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion method against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Results showed that pink guava leaves possessed a higher TPC (368.61 ± 25.85 mg/100 g GAE) compared to the seeds (79.03 ± 3.48 mg/100 g GAE). The total flavonoid content showed the same trend where the leaves showed higher value than the seeds extract. The leaves exhibited high scavenging effect (90%) as determined by DPPH while the seeds had 36% scavenging effect. The FRAP values of guava leaves were also higher than guava seeds extract. Using the Rancimat test, all natural and synthetic antioxidants significantly delayed the development of oxidative destruction in margarine. Guava leaves extract also exhibited antimicrobial effect by inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Pink guava leaf extract has the potential to be used as a functional food ingredient or as a bioactive ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: Psidium guajava L. ; phenolic content; flavonoid, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH); ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
From underwater photogrammetry to a web integrated documentation system: The case of the ‘grand ribaud f' estruscan wreck

The interdisciplinary work we present here is aimed principally at administering diverse types of information collected during an archaeological excavation using a single data management system. The approach is global, from the consultation of three- dimensional data to simple textual data to the addition of data captured by a digital photogrammetry system called l'Arpenteur [Surveyor], which is fully integrated to the data management system. We are using an object formalisation of the manipulated archaeological data using JAVA 1.3, the language chosen for all developments, from the digital photogrammetry tool to the three-dimensional model generator (VRML or JAVA 3D) used as a navigation interface in the database. Following a brief introduction to the archaeological context, and the special aspects of the excavation due to the great depth of the shipwreck, we will then present the existing system and explain the problems encountered. Not all of them have yet been resolved, such as the translation of objects to and from the relational DBMS, the revision of data coming from different sources, and the automatic generation of three-dimensional models as a navigation interface.
Evaluation of marginal gap at the composite/enamel interface in Class II composite resin restoration by SEM after thermal and mechanical load cycling (An in vitro comparative study)

This study compared in vitro the marginal adaptation of three different, low shrink, direct posterior composites Filtek™ P60 (packable composite), Filtek™ P90 (Silorane-based composite) and Sonic fill™ (nanohybrid composite) at three different composite/enamel interface regions (occlusal, proximal and gingival regions) of a standardized Class II MO cavity after thermal changes and mechanical load cycling by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and methods:Thirty six sound human maxillary first premolars of approximately comparable sizes were divided into three main groups of (12 teeth) in each according to the type of restorative material that was used: group (A) the teeth were restored with Filtek™ P60 and single bond™ Universal adhesive using horizontal incremental technique, group (B)the teeth were restored with Filtek™ P90 and P90 system adhesive using horizontal incremental technique and group (C) the teeth were restored with Sonic fill™ composite and single bond™ Universal adhesive using bulk technique.After specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days, all specimens were subjected to thermocycling at (5° to 55 °C), then submitted to mechanical load cycling (intermittent axial force of 49N and a total of 50.000 cycles). The specimens were observed under scanning electron microscope at (2000 X) to measure marginal gap width (the distance between the dental wall and the restoration) at occlusal, proximal and gingival regions in micrometer using Tescan software, version 3.5. Data were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA test and least significant difference tests. Results:The results showed that the silorane-based posterior composite (Filtek™ P90) showed significantly the least marginal gap width at the occlusal, proximal and gingival regions after the application of thermal changes and mechanical load cycling in comparison to the two methacrylate-based posterior composite Filtek™ P60 (packable) and the Sonic fill™ (nano-hybrid). Sonic fill™ bulk fill composite that relied on the vibration concept to lower the viscosity of high filler loaded composite material showed significantly lesser marginal gaps width at occlusal, proximal and gingival composite/enamel interface regions in comparison with Filtek™ P60 (packable composite) using horizontal incremental technique. The silorane-based composite (Filtek™ P90) showed non-significant difference in marginal gaps width at the three different regions. While, both methacrylate based Filtek™ P60 and Sonic fill™ composite showed significantly lesser marginal gap width at the occlusal region in comparison with gingival regions. Conclusion: None of the low-shrinkage composite restorative materials tested in this study totally prevented micro-
Human capital and innovation: evidence from panel cointegration tests

Panel cointegration techniques applied to pooled data for 27 countries for the period 1960 to 2000 indicate that (1) government spending in education and innovation indicators is cointegrated; (2) education hierarchy is relevant when explaining innovation; and (3) relationship between education and innovation can be obtained after an accommodation of a level structural break.
System Average Rates and Management Efficiency: A Statistical Benchmark Study of U.S. Investor-Owned Electric Utilities

Proposals to restructure electric utilities have heightened interest in understanding what factors contribute to the variation in system average rates (SARs) across utilities. Direct comparisons of utilities' average rates have been used to assess management performance and the possibility of using mandatory restructuring to reduce rates. However, direct rate comparisons can lead to highly unreliable conclusions because they ignore the wide variety of regional, economic, and regulatory factors that affect rates across utilities. This paper presents a statistical benchmark study of SARs using 1984-93 data on 99 U.S. investor-owned utilities. The model is applied to evaluate the electric rates of three California investor-owned utilities. We find electric rates are affected to a large extent by factors outside the direct and immediate control of management. Controlling for these effects, there is no evidence that these California utilities, which have relatively high system average rates, suffer from poor management performance.
Poultry Farm Cooling System Based Hybrid DC Microgrid

Since the fossil fuel exhausting and causes environmental problems, renewable energy is developing rapidly. More and more importance has been given in power generation through Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) worldwide to reduce the global warming. Many research works on DC microgrid have been conducted to facilitate the integration of various Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Energy Storage System (ESS). In recent years, the research attention on DC grids has been resurging due to technological advancements in power electronics and energy storage devices, and increase in the variety of dc loads and the penetration of DERs such as wind, solar, fuel cells and bio-gas etc., Many research activities are being done to harness more generation from DERs and flexible control of the above generation. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based Energy Management System (EMS) is proposed to control inverters in Grid connected hybrid DC microgrid system. The hybrid system consists of Wind Turbines (WTs) and Solar Photovoltaic (PV) as a primary energy sources. The Grid connected DC microgrid system is designed to satisfy the load requirement efficiently and in case if the demand is low it will return the excess power to the AC Grid also. The operational capability of proposed Hybrid DC microgrid design concept is verified through various test conditions and the results obtained are discussed.
Research on the Choice of Chinese Forest Products Channel Model: Commitment Perspectives

In researching channel relation it can be found that different negotiating abilities (channel power) decide commitment levels and different commitment levels decide the choice of channel model if we research the channel model choice of forest products in the perspective of channel members’ commitments. So leading enterprises, forest growers and distributors need to decide their commitment level according to their own negotiating ability in the channel system, and then choose right channel model.
Prospective memory in 22q11.2 DS 1 Time-based prospective memory in children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

. Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, University of Grenoble, France . Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology lab, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Lydia.dubourg@unige.chu; Maude.Schneider@unige.ch; stephan.eliez@etat.ge. ch . Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Nicola.Ballhausen@unige.ch; Matthias.Kliegel@unige.ch . Centre de Génétique & FHU-TRANSLAD, Hospital and University of Dijon, France, charline.cerf@gmail.com; laurence.faivre@chu-dijon.fr 5.School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, UK, katharina.schnitzspahn@abdn.ac. uk
Influences of habitat type and environmental variables on littoral macroinvertebrate communities in a large lake system

The community structure of littoral macroinvertebrates was explored by multivariate analyses in three basins of the large Lake Saimaa system (eastern Finland). The basins differed in trophic status and degree of human influence. It was hypothesized that the structure of littoral invertebrate communities is influenced by lake trophic status, as is the case in profundal communities. Three littoral habitat types with different substrate (stony, sandy and vegetated shores) were sampled from the shoreline to a depth of 1.5-3 meters. The habitat type was found to be largely determined by the slope of the shore and the wind exposure. Each habitat type supported fairly characteristic fauna, and detrended correspondence analysis grouped the invertebrate assemblages by habitat type rather than by basin. Within each habitat type, canonical correspondence analysis indicated that species composition changed along the trophic gradient. In the vegetated littoral zone, the greatest change in community structure occurred within the macrophyte beds, varying from the outer edge of macrophytes to the shoreline. Two alternative or complementary explanations are given for this horizontal gradient. First, a horizontal gradient of abiotic characteristics results in a change of community composition. Second, the macrophyte beds may form a horizontal transition zone in predation, from invertebrate predation inshore to fish predators offshore. On the stony and sandy shores, the magnitude of wave action was also important in structuring the communities. As each habitat type harbors characteristic fauna, a variety of habitats needs to be protected in order to conserve littoral macroinvertebrate diversity in large lakes. To make among-lake comparisons of littoral macroinvertebrate assemblages stratification by habitat type is obviously necessary. The effects of eutrophication on invertebrate assemblages were most pronounced in stony habitats.
The Relationship between Composite Measures of Glycemic Control and Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Since the more widely use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), researchers and clinicians became aware of insufficiencies in the use of HbA1c as the sole measure of the quality of glycemic control in diabetes. Percentile scores for hypoand hyperglycemia or composite markers gained increasing attention in the management of the large amounts of data provided by CGM [1-3]. Proposed composite markers are, for example, ADRR [4], GRADE [5], the “glucose pentagon” [6], the hypoglycemia-A1c score [7] or the Q-score [8], combining information from the overall glycemic control, hypoand hyperglycemia, and several types of glycemic variability. The recently introduced personal glycemic state (PGS) is a composite metric [9] similar to our Q-score.
Phytochemical And Antimicrobial Investigations Of Extractive From Phyllantus Amarus

Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigation of Phyllantus amarus was carried out. Phyllantus amarus (eyin-olobe) family Euphorbiaceae were extracted with hexane and methanol using sohxlet extractor also water extract was carried out. The extracts were screened for the classes of organic compounds present and antimicrobial activity was carried out using five bacteria including Klebsiella, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas auruginosa, Escherichia coli and Shigella. Phytochemical tests showed that aqueous and methanolic extracts of Phyllantus amarus contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and cardiac glycosides, while hexane extract does not contain any of these compounds. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were found to be effective against the tested organisms while the hexane extract was observed to show negative.