Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug monitoring and individual dose optimization of antimicrobial drugs: oxazolidinones

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oxazolidinones are synthetic antibiotics with bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive pathogens. Linezolid, the first marketed oxazolidinone, has shown also activity against Mycobaterium tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains. Recently, a second agent of this class (tedizolid) has been approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, and other oxazolidinones are under active investigation in clinical trials. Areas covered: In the present review, we consider factors that affect oxazolidinones pharmacokinetics and their role in reducing the effectiveness of these drugs and increasing the risk of drug-related adverse events. Furthermore, we review the potential role of strategies aimed at individualizing drug doses. A MEDLINE PubMed search for articles published from January 1990 to November 2015 was completed matching the terms oxazolidinones, linezolid, or tedizolid with pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacology or clinical trials. Moreover, additional studies were identified from the reference list of retrieved papers. Expert opinion: Consistent evidence is now available showing that therapeutic drug monitoring and guided individual dose optimization of linezolid is justified and feasible in clinical practice to improve tolerability and possibly response to therapy. The role of individualized drug dosing regimens for other oxazolidinones remains to be proven.
Interprétation géologique de données sismiques par une méthode supervisée basée sur la vision cognitive

L'objectif de ce travail est de realiser une nouvelle plateforme d'interpretation sismique 3D semi-automatique basee sur la connaissance geologique employee aujourd'hui par les experts du domaine. A l'heure actuelle, la majeure partie des solutions sont basees sur les traitements d'image et l'utilisation de quantites d'attributs sismiques. Elles fournissent un resultat interpretable par un expert qui realise alors une correspondance informelle entre la nouvelle image obtenue et des objets geologiques. Nous desirons explorer une nouvelle methodologie mettant en avant la formalisation de la connaissance utilisee dans l'interpretation sismique comme la vision cognitive le permet et le conseille. Ainsi, nous caracterisons le resultat des traitements d'images operes sur le bloc sismique grâce a des concepts et a relations visuelles provenant d'une ontologie dediee. Ces caracteristiques nous permettent alors de formaliser l'interpretation d'objets geologiques a partir de ces instances et ainsi de proposer de maniere automatique des solutions d'interpretation d'un bloc sismique, que l'expert pourra choisir de valider. Dans ce travail, nous avons a coeur de nous concentrer sur l'identification de deux premiers objets geologiques a identifier dans une image sismique : les horizons et les failles. Une ontologie de ce domaine d'etude est proposee afin de servir de base pour la creation de la plateforme.
Large‐Area Freestanding Graphene Paper for Superior Thermal Management

Large-area freestanding graphene papers (GPs) are fabricated by electrospray deposition integrated with a continuous roll-to-roll process. Upon mechanical compaction and thermal annealing, GPs can achieve a thermal conductivity of as high as 1238.3-1434 W m(-1) K(-1) . The super-thermally conductive GPs display an outstanding heat-spread ability and are more efficient in removing hot spots than Cu and Al foils.
Distributed Video Coding for Illumination Compensation of Multi-view Video

In this paper, we propose an improved distributed multi-view video coding method that is robust to illumination changes among different views. The use of view dependency is not effective for multi-view video because each view has different intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. In this paper, a modified distributed multi-view coding method is presented that applies illumination compensation when generating side information. The proposed encoder codes DC values of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients separately by entropy coding. The proposed decoder can generate more accurate side information by using the transmitted DC coefficients to compensate for illumination changes. Furthermore, AC coefficients are coded with conventional entropy or channel coders depending on the frequency band. We found that the proposed algorithm is about 0.1~0.5 ㏈ better than conventional algorithms.
Channel hot-electron degradation on 60-nm HfO/sub 2/-gated nMOSFET DC and RF performances

Channel hot-carrier-induced dc and RF performance degradations in 60-nm high-k nMOSFETs are examined experimentally. RF performances such as the cutoff frequency, noise figure, linearity, and flicker noise of high-k MOSFETs show significant vulnerability to the hot-electron effect. Analytical equations for normalized RF degradations relating to the device dc and ac parameters are derived. Good agreement between the analytical predictions and experimental data is obtained. The accuracy of the model equations suggests fast and effective evaluation of noise figure and linearity degradations using simple dc and ac parameters directly.
A new prediction method for edge detection based on human visual feature

The edge detection rate of the traditional edge detection operators is relatively high, so that some edge points with special characteristics can't be separated from the normal state edge points. With the specific machine vision applications, a new prediction method for edge detection based on human visual feature is proposed in this paper, and the normal state edge points can be removed by changing the method's parameter. After the experimental verification, the laceration edge points of the sausage can be extracted precisely.
A comparison of 20 heterogeneity variance estimators in statistical synthesis of results from studies: a simulation study

When we synthesize research findings via meta‐analysis, it is common to assume that the true underlying effect differs across studies. Total variability consists of the within‐study and between‐study variances (heterogeneity). There have been established measures, such as I2, to quantify the proportion of the total variation attributed to heterogeneity. There is a plethora of estimation methods available for estimating heterogeneity. The widely used DerSimonian and Laird estimation method has been challenged, but knowledge of the overall performance of heterogeneity estimators is incomplete. We identified 20 heterogeneity estimators in the literature and evaluated their performance in terms of mean absolute estimation error, coverage probability, and length of the confidence interval for the summary effect via a simulation study. Although previous simulation studies have suggested the Paule‐Mandel estimator, it has not been compared with all the available estimators. For dichotomous outcomes, estimating heterogeneity through Markov chain Monte Carlo is a good choice if an informative prior distribution for heterogeneity is employed (eg, by published Cochrane reviews). Nonparametric bootstrap and positive DerSimonian and Laird perform well for all assessment criteria for both dichotomous and continuous outcomes. Hartung‐Makambi estimator can be the best choice when the heterogeneity values are close to 0.07 for dichotomous outcomes and medium heterogeneity values (0.01 , 0.05) for continuous outcomes. Hence, there are heterogeneity estimators (nonparametric bootstrap DerSimonian and Laird and positive DerSimonian and Laird) that perform better than the suggested Paule‐Mandel. Maximum likelihood provides the best performance for both types of outcome in the absence of heterogeneity.
Repensar y ampliar la democracia: El caso del Municipio Autónomo de Cherán K’eri

Este articulo plantea que la relacion entre practicas legales e ilegales es un rasgo constitutivo de la fase actual del capitalismo, util para el proceso, concentracion y acumulacion de capital. Las actividades criminales penetran la economia, la politica y fracciones del Estado, que terminan encubriendo o asociandose con las redes mafiosas. Todo ello propicia distintas violencias publico-privadas que sirven para implantar el modelo pero tambien para diseminar el miedo e impedir las resistencias. Sin embargo, lo comunitario, como una de las practicas locales mas exitosas, es un ejemplo de resistencia a tales practicas, ensayando nuevas formas de la politica. El articulo estudia el caso del Municipio Autonomo de Cheran K’eri como ejemplo de reinvencion y ampliacion de las practicas de seguridad, juridicas y de participacion democratica
Study on Prediction Model for Buffer Memory Based on SVM

The key to high performance network design is the ability to build model and make prediction for performance parameters. Configuration of buffer memory directly influences the delay and loss rate of network. Good match between buffer memory of network and network capacity will improve performance of network. Therefore, in this paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to predict the business flow data of network, and sample is trained for distribution rules of data beyond sample. Then, prediction model for queue buffer memory of network is designed. It is suggested by experimental data that the model is of high training efficiency and prediction accuracy.
Reference Values of Lipid Profile for Population of Haryana Region

According to IFCC, it is necessary for every laboratory to have its own set of reference limits. Several factors are known to influence the clinical laboratory parameters. Relationship of lipids and other risk factors with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events has been clearly established. The objective of this study was to analyze the baseline levels of blood lipids in apparently healthy population in the locality of a premier tertiary hospital in Haryana in an attempt to set up reference values for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLcholesterol, LDL and VLDL in the population and to compare these with the internationally recommended ranges. A reference interval for each parameter was calculated from the 95% reference intervals ranging from 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles and, arithmetic mean + 2 SD were also calculated. The 95% reference range for triglyceride was 61-156 mg/dl, for serum cholesterol was 85211mg/dl, for HDL was 20-63mg/dl, for LDL was 50-147mg/dl and for VLDL was 12-31 mg/dl for Haryana population. Clinicians of Haryana should take into consideration reference lipid values of this study for clinical evaluation.
Efavirenz is associated with severe vitamin D deficiency and increased alkaline phosphatase

Objective(s):To identify factors (including exposure to specific antiretroviral drugs) associated with severe vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in HIV-infected individuals and to explore the effects of severe VDD and antiretroviral drug exposure on serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as surrogate marker of bone turnover. Design:Cross-sectional survey of vitamin D status among HIV-infected patients attending for routine clinical care at a large London HIV clinic. Methods:Severe VDD was defined as 25(OH)D levels of less than 10 μg/l (<25 nmol/l). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with severe VDD and upper quartile ALP levels. Results:Vitamin D levels were measured in 1077 patients and found to be suboptimal in 91%. One-third of patients had severe VDD. Black ethnicity, sampling in winter, nadir CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/μl, and exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy were associated with severe VDD. In analyses restricted to patients on combination antiretroviral therapy, current efavirenz use was significantly associated with severe VDD [adjusted odds ratio 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.5–2.7)]. Current tenofovir [adjusted odds ratio 3.5 (95% confidence interval 2.3–5.2)] and efavirenz use [adjusted odds ratio 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.02–2.4)], but not severe VDD [odds ratio 1.1 (0.8–1.5)], were associated with increased bone turnover (upper quartile ALP). Conclusion:Efavirenz was associated with severe VDD, a condition associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, and efavirenz and tenofovir with increased ALP. The clinical significance of these findings requires further investigation, given the widespread use of efavirenz and tenofovir in first-line combination antiretroviral therapy.
Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-humanized mouse

There are large inter- and intraspecies differences in susceptibility to dioxin-induced toxicities. A critical question in risk assessment of dioxin and related compounds is whether humans are sensitive or resistant to their toxicities. The diverse responses of mammals to dioxin are strongly influenced by functional polymorphisms of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR). To characterize responses mediated by the human AHR (hAHR), we generated a mouse possessing hAHR instead of mouse AHR. Responses of these mice to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3-methylcholanthrene were compared with the responses of naturally sensitive (C57BL/6J) and resistant (DBA/2) mice. Mice homozygous for hAHR exhibited weaker induction of AHR target genes such as cyp1a1 and cyp1a2 than did C57BL/6J (Ahrb-1/b-1) mice. DBA/2 (Ahrd/d) mice were less responsive to induction of cyp genes than C57BL/6J mice. hAHR and DBA/2 AHR exhibit similar ligand-binding affinities and homozygous hAHR and Ahrd/d mice displayed comparable induction of AHR target genes by 3-methylcholanthrene. However, when TCDD was administered, a greatly diminished response was observed in homozygous hAHR mice compared with Ahrd/d mice, indicating that hAHR expressed in mice is functionally less responsive to TCDD than DBA/2 AHR. After maternal exposure to TCDD, homozygous hAHR fetuses developed embryonic hydronephrosis, but not cleft palate, whereas fetuses possessing Ahrb-1 or Ahrd developed both anomalies. These results suggest that hAHR may define the specificity of the responses to various AHR ligands. Thus, the hAHR knock-in mouse is a humanized model mouse that may better predict the biological effects of bioaccumulative environmental toxicants like TCDD in humans.
Acoustic emission source localization and velocity determination of the fundamental mode A0 using wavelet analysis and a Newton-based optimization technique

This paper investigates the development of an in situ impact detection monitoring system able to identify in real-time the acoustic emission location. The proposed algorithm is based on the differences of stress waves measured by surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers. A joint time–frequency analysis based on the magnitude of the continuous wavelet transform was used to determine the time of arrival of the wavepackets. A combination of unconstrained optimization technique associated with a local Newton’s iterative method was employed to solve a set of nonlinear equations in order to assess the impact location coordinates and the wave speed. With the proposed approach, the drawbacks of a triangulation method in terms of estimating a priori the group velocity and the need to find the best time–frequency technique for the time-of-arrival determination were overcome. Moreover, this algorithm proved to be very robust since it was able to converge from almost any guess point and required little computational time. A comparison between the theoretical and experimental results carried out with piezoelectric film (PVDF) and acoustic emission transducers showed that the impact source location and the wave velocity were predicted with reasonable accuracy. In particular, the maximum error in estimation of the impact location was less than 2% and about 1% for the flexural wave velocity.
Fast regularized kernel function approximation

We propose a simple formulation for regularized kernel function approximation. The regression function is obtained by minimizing an unconstrained quadratic function. Further reduced kernel technique is also employed in its formulation which enables it to handle large database. The solution of this objective function is obtained by solving a system of linear equations and thus no need for any quadratic programming problem solver. Its simple MATLAB implementation is also very fast. Computational results on artificial and real world data sets and comparisons are given to demonstrate the fast training time and low prediction error of the proposed formulation.
Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 2004 Current Population Survey

This paper examines the status of health insurance coverage in the United States. The data are based primarily on the March 2004 Current Population Survey (CPS), with some analysis based on other CPS surveys. The report focuses on the nonelderly population (under age 65) because this group can receive health insurance coverage from a number of different sources. By contrast, Medicare covers nearly all of the elderly population. Health insurance coverage generally has not sustained unbroken trends since 1994. There were crosscurrents: Employment-based coverage expanded significantly in the 1994-2000 period to overwhelm growth in public programs. Subsequently, the dynamic reversed, as public programs expanded while employment-based coverage declined.
The Spatiotemporal Structure of Population Coding in Monkey Parietal Cortex

Conventionally, we think of a population code as a pattern of neural activity that represents information in the brain ([DeCharms and Zador, 2000][1]; [Pouget et al., 2000][2]). These patterns can be decoded upstream by detector units or an experimenter with an appropriate recording device. However
Cerebral state index vs. bispectral index during sevoflurane–nitrous oxide anaesthesia

Background and objective The cerebral state index (CSI) is a low-cost and compact electroencephalographic monitor alternative to the bispectral index (BIS). Although both indices are shown as the number between 0 and 100, owing to the different calculation algorithms, both indices might be different during anaesthesia. The present study was performed to compare the BIS and CSI during sevoflurane–nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Patients and methods Forty patients scheduled for abdominal surgery aged 30–70 years were enrolled. The electrodes of both the cerebral state monitor and BIS were attached simultaneously. Anaesthesia was induced with midazolam and fentanyl, and was maintained with sevoflurane with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and intermittent epidural mepivacaine. During surgery, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was kept at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for more than 10 min to measure CSI and BIS. Results The duration of signal disturbance by electric cautery was 12.6 ± 4.2 min in the BIS and 3.9 ± 1.8 min in the cerebral state monitor (P < 0.05) for 9.5 ± 4.3 min duration of electric cautery. The recovery time from disturbance by electric cautery was 37 ± 12 s in the BIS and 4 ± 2 s in the cerebral state monitor (P < 0.05). The absolute values of the BIS and CSI were not significantly different. Both BIS and CSI decreased significantly when end-tidal sevoflurane concentration increased from 0.5 to 1.0%, but did not significantly change when end-tidal sevoflurane concentration increased from 1.0 to 1.5%. The BIS and CSI correlated well. The Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement between the BIS and CSI. Conclusion During sevoflurane–nitrous oxide anaesthesia, the CSI was not significantly different from the BIS in the awake state and with sevoflurane concentration 0.5–1.5%.
Controlling the decoherence of a ''meter'' via stroboscopic feedback

We propose a simple modification of the experimental scheme employed by Brune rt ni. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4887 (1996)] for the generation and detection of a Schrodinger cat state, in which the decoherence of the cat state can be significantly slowed down using an appropriate feedback.
Modeling the Dynamic Framing of Controversial Topics in Online Communities

Understanding how online communities frame controversial topics can have significant impacts in public perception, policy action, and social change. I present two neural-network based approaches for automatically detecting how a community frames a topic and how this framing changes over time. The diachronic word embedding model, trained on individual months of data from the online community Reddit, associates controversial topics with different words in different time periods. The Relationship Modeling Network (RMN) is an unsupervised neural model that learns linguistic descriptors for the community’s relationship with these topics and builds a trajectory over these descriptors to characterize a topic’s framing over time. While the diachronic word embeddings results are more clearly related to the entities and are more sensitive to framing shifts over time, the RMN is able to learn abstract descriptors that are more suitable for describing these relationships. It is furthermore able to detect the importance of persuasive words that are subtly used to construct arguments. This work provides promising foundations for applying neural networks to the problem of understanding framing.
Evaluation of Magnetic Forces in Permanent Magnets

The numerical evaluation of magnetic forces exerted by permanent magnets is usually performed by two methods, the integration of the Maxwell stress tensor or by means of virtual displacements and energy balance. In this paper, we will review previous works on this subject, where controversy exists due to the sign of the magnetic energy stored in the magnet itself. We will check the theoretical work in the matter with numerical results from a number of FEM codes, as Ansys, Opera and Quickfield. Several examples of application will be provided. One of those will be the particular case of a phase shifter under development for the XFEL (European X-Ray Free Electron Laser) project. Its purpose is to adjust the phase between two consecutive undulator segments. The magnetic field is obtained in this device through a Halbach hybrid configuration with Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets and Fe-Co poles.
Energy-efficient non-cooperative resource allocation in multi-cell OFDMA systems with multiple base station antennas

The problem of non-cooperative resource allocation in multi-cell uplink OFDMA systems with multiple base station antennas is considered in this paper. Non-cooperative games for subcarrier allocation and transmit power control are considered, aiming at maximizing the users' energy efficiency, measured in bit/Joule and representing the number of error-free delivered bits for each Joule of energy used for transmission. First a non-cooperative energy-efficient power control game is devised, and then the theory of potential games is employed to come up with a non-cooperative game for joint subcarrier and power allocation. Numerical results confirm that the proposed resource allocation schemes are effective in increasing the network energy efficiency, thus optimizing the use of the energy stored in the battery.
Piezoresistance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We report on nano electromechanical transducers based on single-walled -carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in order to investigate the piezoresistance of individual SWNTs, which are at present one of the most studied nano structures, showing promising physical properties. We show a theoretical and experimental analysis of electromechanical properties of SWNTs, highlighting their extraordinary potential and diversity. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that ballistically conducting SWNTs show nonlinear piezoresistive gauge factors of up to e.g. ap 1500 (applied strain epsivmax ap 1%), which clearly exceeds state-of-the-art silicon based strain gauges (values of ap 200).