Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduce Reuse and Recycle Behaviour Model for Academic Institutions Accommodation: A Proposal

Part of the growing environmental problem within academic institutions is the accumulation of solid waste in large volume and health risk it poses to humans and other living creatures. Waste generators non-challant attitude towards throw away culture is one of the major problems. An extended theory planned behaviour (TPB) research model which incorporates attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control will be used to understand the specific behaviour and identify the underlying factors which influence the behaviour of students towards reduce reuse and recycle (3Rs) program. The conceptual model will be used to develop a new system or improve existing systems of reduce reuse and recycle practice behaviour amongst the students within an academic environment, and provide a forum for discussion among researchers and practitioners worldwide.
Digital measurement of partial discharges in full-sized power capacitors

Partial discharges measurements in power capacitors have been carried out using a digital technique. The advantages of the use of this digital technique are discussed. The digital equipment design is presented. Test results on industrial all-film power capacitors with high capacitance values are presented together with measurements of the PDIV before and after the endurance tests. >
Crashes Involving Long Combination Vehicles: Data Quality Problems and Recommendations for Improvement

In 1999–2000, the Automobile Association of America Foundation for Traffic Safety conducted a research program to identify the barriers to analysis of large-truck safety experience in the United States. The primary focus was on so-called longer combination vehicles (LCVs)—the doubles and triples running on major highways throughout the country. Five states (Florida, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah) participated in a review and evaluation of their data-collection and analysis practices. Two of the states (Oregon and Utah) also participated in an audit of completed crash reports for crashes involving large trucks and specifically doubles and triples. The results show that none of the five states has a crash-reporting system that adequately supports the analysis of LCV safety. In general, there is a lack of reliable data on the exact configuration of vehicles involved in crashes and a lack of specific measures of exposure for LCVs. Without good data on configuration and good measures of exposure, the main question about LCV safety (i.e., are they more or less safe than other large commercial motor vehicles? ) cannot be answered empirically. The report concludes with a series of recommendations for improving the quality of data for crashes involving large trucks and a state’s ability to analyze LCV crashes specifically.
Impact of using different predictive equations on the prevalence of chronic byssinosis in textile workers in Pakistan

Objective Byssinosis remains a significant problem among textile workers in low/middle-income countries. Here we share our experience of using different prediction equations for assessing ‘chronic’ byssinosis according to the standard WHO classification using measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Methods We enrolled 1910 workers in a randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve the health of textile workers in Pakistan. We included in analyses the 1724 (90%) men who performed pre-bronchodilator spirometry tests of acceptable quality. We compared four different equations for deriving lung function percentage predicted values among those with symptoms-based byssinosis: the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III, with ‘North Indian and Pakistani’ conversion factor); the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI, ‘other or mixed ethnicities’); a recent equation derived from survey of a western Indian population; and one based on an older and smaller survey of Karachi residents. Results 58 men (3.4%) had symptoms-based byssinosis according to WHO criteria. Of these, the proportions with a reduced FEV1 (<80% predicted) identified using NHANES and GLI; Indian and Pakistani reference equations were 40%, 41%, 14% and 12%, respectively. Much of this variation was eliminated when we substituted FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (<lower limit of normality) as a measure of airway obstruction. Conclusion Accurate measures of occupational disease frequency and distribution require approaches that are both standardised and meaningful. We should reconsider the WHO definition of ‘chronic’ byssinosis based on changes in FEV1, and instead use the FEV1/FVC.
Innovative supply-based strategies in the construction industry

In the construction industry demand drives the design process and as a result design is structured in order to respond to this demand. However, what happens when this demand breaks down, when traditional markets are saturated, and no feasible alternative arises? Will this sector be capable of refocusing their efforts on creating new products to offer? Is it possible for industry participants to adopt a proactive strategy? These questions are investigated and it is seen that the French construction industry, and in particular major contractors, illustrate the problem perfectly. Examples are analysed of innovative offerings in this industry, two groups of which could be developed further.
Multisubstrate DNA stable isotope probing reveals guild structure of bacteria that mediate soil carbon cycling

Significance Soil organic matter contains a large fraction of global C whose fate is largely governed by soil microbial communities. Global C-cycle models can be improved using information about microbial processes in soil, but the inner workings of soil communities remain largely hidden from view. We used stable isotopes to characterize the guild structure of soil bacteria based on how they assimilated C from different sources. Guild structure corresponded with growth dynamics and rrn copy number. We also show that this guild structure explains microbial biogeographical patterns at continental and global scales. These results suggest that microbial contributions to soil C cycling are largely governed by an anabolic process that governs energy allocation to growth, competition, and survival. Soil microorganisms determine the fate of soil organic matter (SOM), and their activities compose a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle. We employed a multisubstrate, DNA-stable isotope probing experiment to track bacterial assimilation of C derived from distinct sources that varied in bioavailability. This approach allowed us to measure microbial contributions to SOM processing by measuring the C assimilation dynamics of diverse microorganisms as they interacted within soil. We identified and tracked 1,286 bacterial taxa that assimilated 13C in an agricultural soil over a period of 48 d. Overall 13C-assimilation dynamics of bacterial taxa, defined by the source and timing of the 13C they assimilated, exhibited low phylogenetic conservation. We identified bacterial guilds composed of taxa that had similar 13C assimilation dynamics. We show that C-source bioavailability explained significant variation in both C mineralization dynamics and guild structure, and that the growth dynamics of bacterial guilds differed significantly in response to C addition. We also demonstrate that the guild structure explains significant variation in the biogeographical distribution of bacteria at continental and global scales. These results suggest that an understanding of in situ growth dynamics is essential for understanding microbial contributions to soil C cycling. We interpret these findings in the context of bacterial life history strategies and their relationship to terrestrial C cycling.
Frailty in people living with HIV: an update

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Purpose of review The HIV population is ageing with rising rates of frailty though strategies of how best to manage it remain ill-defined. It also remains unclear what the prevalence of frailty is within this cohort, how best to diagnose it and what factors are associated. Recent findings The prevalence of frailty remains unclear because of heterogenous results. Routine screening in those 50+ is recommended and whilst the Fried Frailty Phenotype is currently preferred the Clinical Frailty Scale could be considered. No biomarkers are currently recommended. Looking at associated factors, HIV neurocognitive impairment and long-term alcohol usage has been shown to be associated with developing frailty whilst those who are frail have been shown to be less active and more likely to fall. NAFLD with fibrosis has been shown to be an indicator of metabolic age and the Pooled Cohort Equations has been shown to be more effective in diagnosing cardiovascular risk in frail people living with HIV. Summary Whilst the prevalence of frailty differs between countries, with the addition of prefrailty, this represents a large proportion of people living with HIV. Services must ensure strategies are in place to support those living with HIV and frailty. Further longitudinal studies are required.
The development of “automated visual evaluation” for cervical cancer screening: The promise and challenges in adapting deep‐learning for clinical testing

There is limited access to effective cervical cancer screening programs in many resource‐limited settings, resulting in continued high cervical cancer burden. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is increasingly recognized to be the preferable primary screening approach if affordable due to superior long‐term reassurance when negative and adaptability to self‐sampling. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is an inexpensive but subjective and inaccurate method widely used in resource‐limited settings, either for primary screening or for triage of HPV‐positive individuals. A deep learning (DL)‐based automated visual evaluation (AVE) of cervical images has been developed to help improve the accuracy and reproducibility of VIA as assistive technology. However, like any new clinical technology, rigorous evaluation and proof of clinical effectiveness are required before AVE is implemented widely. In the current article, we outline essential clinical and technical considerations involved in building a validated DL‐based AVE tool for broad use as a clinical test.
ENERGY-FREQUENCY-TIME ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS USING HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM

Advanced signal processing is crucial to structural health monitoring for damage detection and localization. In this research, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is investigated for identification and localization of structural damage. The finite element analysis of a thin plate with and without damage is performed to generate vibration signals. Both energy- frequency-time analysis and marginal spectrum analysis based on HHT approach are utilized for damage assessment. Similar analyses with short time Fourier transform (STFT) are presented for comparison. The results indicate the superiority of HHT for structural health monitoring.
Automatic Centerline Extraction and Error Analysis Based on Machine Vision for Bending Pipe Image

Centerline reflects the shape characteristics of pipes, and centerline extraction is widely used in automation equipment field and Medical field. This paper proposes a method to automatically extract bending pipe's centerline with technology of image filtering and de-noising and edge detection. By finding the outer edge of the pipe, the paper creates a distance model, and the centerline of the pipe is a series of points with shortest distance between two outside edges. In error analysis, the paper analyzes the radial distortion and tangential distortion caused by a camera and also analyzes the perspective error which is very important to centerline extraction problem. By simultaneously analyzing the error of these three areas this paper presents a more accurate calculation method of the centerline. Finally, the paper verifies the correctness of the methods through experiments.
Inhibition of ERK5 Elicits Cellular Senescence in Melanoma via the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21

This study shows that targeting ERK5 induces p21-mediated cellular senescence in melanoma, identifying a prosenescence effect of ERK5 inhibitors that may be exploited for melanoma treatment. Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer with a very poor prognosis in advanced stages. Although targeted and immune therapies have improved survival, not all patients benefit from these treatments. The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK5 supports the growth of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, ERK5 inhibition results in cell-cycle arrest rather than appreciable apoptosis. To clarify the role of ERK5 in melanoma growth, we performed transcriptomic analyses following ERK5 knockdown in melanoma cells expressing BRAFV600E and found that cellular senescence was among the most affected processes. In melanoma cells expressing either wild-type or mutant (V600E) BRAF, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ERK5 elicited cellular senescence, as observed by a marked increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21 expression. In addition, depletion of ERK5 from melanoma cells resulted in increased levels of CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL20, proteins typically involved in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Knockdown of p21 suppressed the induction of cellular senescence by ERK5 blockade, pointing to p21 as a key mediator of this process. In vivo, ERK5 knockdown or inhibition with XMD8–92 in melanoma xenografts promoted cellular senescence. Based on these results, small-molecule compounds targeting ERK5 constitute a rational series of prosenescence drugs that may be exploited for melanoma treatment. Significance: This study shows that targeting ERK5 induces p21-mediated cellular senescence in melanoma, identifying a prosenescence effect of ERK5 inhibitors that may be exploited for melanoma treatment. Graphical Abstract
Picturing Sustainable Water Resources Management: Photo-Conversations with Irrigators and Policymakers

The concept of sustainable development has emerged over the last 30 years and its development and articulation has a number of antecedents and it can be interpreted in many ways. But the idea of sustainability, as we now understand it, was articulated in the 1987 Brundtland Report as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. However, in today’s world the concept is more complex and it includes economic achievements, social institutions of our society and the ecological considerations. In Australia, sustainability is interpreted as Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD), which is the formally established policy goal at local, state and national levels. This study is based on the findings of a research study conducted in rural Australia to understand how irrigators who are at the sharp end of Australian water policy visualize ESD. It used a novel method called ‘photostory’ to encourage a dialogue between the irrigators and policy makers who strive to communicate effectively and tried to picture sustainable water management. The photostories represent their experiences in working on the sustainability elements of water policies; they suggest that sustainability to the participants includes sustainability of the social, economic and environmental aspects.
A simplified nonlinear power source for simulating PV panels

Power electronic converters play a major role in the efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The development of power conditioning equipment for operation at the maximum power point and for utility interfacing usually requires solar array simulators (SAS) that are relatively expensive. This paper presents a simple nonlinear power source based on a PWM switched resistor that can be used for preliminary evaluations of power conditioning equipment for PV systems. It presents V/spl times/I characteristics similar to those of PV panels and also allows the variation of the solar irradiation level. The operating principles are discussed, design equations are derived and experimental results are presented for a 75 Wp PV panel simulator.
Molecular insights into psychedelic drug action

A confluence of factors has renewed interest in the scientific understanding and translational potential of psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin: the desire for additional approaches to mental health care, incremental progress in basic and clinical research, and the reconsideration and relaxation of existing drug policies. With the United States Food and Drug Administration's designation of psilocybin as a “Breakthrough Therapy” for treatment‐resistant depression, a new path has been forged for the conveyance of psychedelics to the clinic. Essential to the further development of such applications, however, is a clearer understanding of how these drugs exert their effects at the molecular level. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the molecular details of psychedelic drug actions and suggest that these discoveries can facilitate new insights into their hallucinogenic and therapeutic mechanisms.
Differential Uptake of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Mouse Hepatocytes and Macrophages Revealed by Simultaneous Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence and Coherent Raman Imaging

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), a novel paradigm in modern therapeutics, modulate cellular gene expression by binding to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. While advances in ASO medicinal chemistry have greatly improved the efficiency of cellular uptake, selective uptake by specific cell types has been difficult to achieve. For more efficient and selective uptake, ASOs are often conjugated with molecules with high binding affinity for transmembrane receptors. Triantennary N-acetyl-galactosamine conjugated phosphorothioate ASOs (GalNAc-PS-ASOs) were developed to enhance targeted ASO delivery into liver through the hepatocyte-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR). We assessed the kinetics of uptake and subsequent intracellular distribution of AlexaFluor 488 (AF488)-labeled PS-ASOs and GalNAc-PS-ASOs in J774A.1 mouse macrophages and primary mouse or rat hepatocytes using simultaneous coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon fluorescence (2PF) imaging. The CARS modality captured the dynamic lipid distributions and overall morphology of the cells; two-photon fluorescence (2PF) measured the time- and dose-dependent localization of ASOs delivered by a modified treatment of suspension cells. Our results show that in macrophages, the uptake rate of PS-ASOs did not significantly differ from that of GalNAc-PS-ASOs. However, in hepatocytes, GalNAc-PS-ASOs exhibited a peripheral uptake distribution compared to a polar uptake distribution observed in macrophages. The peripheral distribution correlated with a significantly larger amount of internalized GalNAc-PS-ASOs compared to the PS-ASOs. This work demonstrates the relevance of multimodal imaging for elucidating the uptake mechanism, accumulation, and fate of different ASOs in liver cells that can be used further in complex in vitro models and liver tissues to evaluate ASO distribution and activity.
An Interprofessional Group Intervention to Promote Faculty Well-Being: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Introduction: To evaluate the effect on engagement, relational connection, and burnout of an intervention involving clinical faculty meeting in interprofessional self-facilitated groups and to determine whether a written discussion guide is necessary to achieve benefit. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial, conducted at a large US academic medical center from May to August 2018. Subjects included 25 clinical physicians, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives. The intervention involved three monthly self-facilitated groups for faculty. Groups were randomized to have no discussion guide, or to receive a one-page guide. Outcomes of burnout, engagement, and empowerment in work, and stress from uncertainty were assessed using validated metrics. Results: Rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization decreased significantly over the course of the 3-month study (56%–36%; P < .001; and 20%–15%; P = .006) and overall burnout decreased from 56% to 41% of faculty (P = .002). The percentage of faculty who felt engaged in their work increased from 80% to 96% (P = .03). No statistically significant differences in empowerment at work or in reaction to uncertainty were seen. The groups without a discussion guide had equivalent outcomes and benefits. Cost per participant was under $100. Discussion: A three-month, low-cost, self-facilitated series of dinner meetings for interprofessional clinical faculty decreased burnout and improved engagement, sense of connection to colleagues, and sense of departmental commitment to well-being. Structured discussion guides were not necessary to achieve benefit. This study broadens the possibilities for cost-effective opportunities to transform institutional culture and effectively enhance faculty well-being.
Genome-wide association identifies candidate genes for drought tolerance in coast redwood and giant sequoia

Drought is a major limitation for survival and growth in plants. With more frequent and severe drought episodes occurring due to climate change, it is imperative to understand the genomic and physiological basis of drought tolerance to be able to predict how species will respond in the future. In this study, univariate and multitrait multivariate GWAS methods were used to identify candidate genes in two iconic and ecosystem-dominating species of the western US – coast redwood and giant sequoia – using ten drought-related physiological and anatomical traits and genome-wide sequence-capture SNPs. Population level phenotypic variation was found in carbon isotope discrimination, osmotic pressure at full turgor, xylem hydraulic diameter and total area of transporting fibers in both species. Our study identified new 78 new marker × trait associations in coast redwood and six in giant sequoia, with genes involved in a range of metabolic, stress and signaling pathways, among other functions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the genomic basis of drought tolerance in long-generation conifers and helps guide current and future conservation efforts in the species. Significance Statement Climate change brings more frequent and severe drought events that challenge the survival of natural populations of plants. While most of our knowledge about drought tolerance comes from annual and domesticated plants, the genomic basis of drought tolerance in long-generation trees is poorly understood. Here, we aim to fill this gap by identifying candidate genes in two conifer species, coast redwood and giant sequoia.