Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence Analysis of HN and F Genes of a less Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Unvaccinated Village Chicken

The HN and F genes of the D58 isolate have coding senquence of 577 and 553 amino acids respectively. The HN gene has stalk (1-143) and globular head (123-571) regions with transmembrane domain at positions 25-45, sialic acid residue at 234-239, glycosylation sites at 119, 341, 433, 481 and 538 and cysteine residues at 172, 186, 196, 238, 247, 251, 344, 455, 461, 465, 531 and 542. The glycosylation site at 508 specific for virulent strains and cysteine residue at 123 were absent in D58 isolate. The F gene has transmembrane domains at positions 15-25 and 501-523 and glycosylation sites at 85, 191, 366, 447, 471 and 541. The fusion protein cleavage site has amino acids GRQGRL and fusion peptide starts with leucine. The HN and F genes have 26 and 23 B cell epitopes respectively. The D58 isolate was grouped with less virulent strains in phylogenetic analysis.
SELF-CONCEPT AS THE DETERMINANT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PREADOLESCENTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

The aim of this research was twofold: a) the examination of the relations between the construct of self-concept (sport competence and physical self) and the criterion (volume of physical activity and intensity of physical activity) in physical education classes for preadolescents and b) the examination of the contribution of the variables of self-concept to the predictions of the variance criterion, thus the partial influence of predictor variables in the prediction of physical activities of students in late childhood. The following instruments were used on the relevant sample of participants from Valjevo (N=212) whose average age was 12.5 years: self-perception of the self-concept questionnaire (SPPC), pedometer (CoachGear) and heart rate monitor (Suunto memory belt) for measuring the volume and intensity of the physical activity. The internal consistency coefficient of the SPPC questionnaire was (α=.82) for sport competence and (α=.85) for the physical self, which indicated the satisfactory reliability and its applicability of the Serbian preadolescent population. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, with a probability of 99%, the low statistically relevant positive linear correlation between the examined variables was determined. Using the model of multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that the construct of self-concept explains 19% of the perceived volume of physical activity variance and 20% of the intensity of the physical activity variability for the relevance threshold (p≤.01). The results of the regression equation indicated that the independent variable Sport Competence explained the variance in the Volume of physical activity and the Intensity of physical activity variables with preadolescents (β=.32, β=.30) in a statistically significant manner, while the variable Physical self was not a statistically significant partial predictor of any of the criteria. The obtained empirical findings are in accordance with the results of the previous studies, and there was a discussion about the theoretical and practical implications of the obtained findings.
Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Identification in Construction Firms in Port Harcourt

This study examines the relationship between fair treatment and organizational identification in some selected construction firms in Port Harcourt. Two null hypotheses were drawn from the measures of organizational identification. A sample size of 186 was drawn using the Krejcie and Morgan 1970 table, while the population allocation was done using the Bowley’s population allocation formula. Spearman’s rank correction coefficient was used for analyzing the null hypotheses, while the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used as the statistical tool at 5% level of significance. All the null hypotheses were rejected; hence there is a significant relationship between fair treatment and organizational identification. It was therefore recommended that management of the construction firm should formulate and implement policies that will encourage fair treatment for all workers and ensure that benefits are distributed fairly so as to enhance employees’ sense of belongingness and commitment, and employees’ option should be heard and their well being should be considered by the firm in decision making. Keywords: Fair treatment, Organizational identification, Cognitive identification, Affective identification
Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from rice seeds through bio-PCR technique in paddy fields of Guilan province in northern Iran.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in the rice has been occurring as an increasing and important problem in Iran in recent years. Despite the fact that it is one of the main pathogens of rice in northern Iran, the biology of this bacterium in the Caspian Sea agro-ecosystem region is poorly understood. In this study, samples of infected plants were collected from different areas of Guilan province during the spring and summer of 2005–2006. In order to isolate bacteria, infected tissues of leaves, stems and roots were crushed in peptone water and 100 μl of this juice was cultured on NA and YDC media containing cycloheximide (50 μg/ml). After 48 to 72 hours bacterial colonies were selected and purifi ed. Their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were tested. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed to detect the presence of X. o. pv. oryzae in rice seeds as well as to study the transmission of this bacterium from seed to plant. Primers TXT and TXT4R from an insertion sequence (IS1113) of the pathogen were used to amplify a 964-bp DNA fragment. X. o. pv. oryzae was detected from the seed washes and DNA extracted from the seed washes of naturally infected seeds of cv. Hashemie. When the naturally infected seeds were stored at ambient temperature, the pathogen was recovered from them up to 10 months later. The BLB bacterium was also detected in seedlings, mature plants and harvested seeds of plants raised from naturally infected seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst record of seed-borne feasibility of bacterial leaf blight agent in Iran.
Bankers on the Board and CEO Incentives

The Sarbanesâ€ Oxley Act demanded the presence of more financial experts on corporate boards to improve governance. Directors from lending banks require particular attention because of the conflicts of interest between shareholders and debtholders despite their financial expertise. In this paper, we examine whether commercial banker directors work in the best interests of shareholders in providing incentives to the CEO. We find that the CEO's compensation VEGA is lower if an affiliated banker director is on the board. Further, we find that commercial banker directors increase debtâ€ like compensation (Sundaram and Yermack, 2007) and make it less sensitive to risk.
Estimating the Metallicity of Old Star Clusters in M33

Based on the method proposed by Kong et al. and on the multi-color spectrophotometry by Ma et al., we estimate the metallicities of 16 old star clusters in the nearby spiral galaxy M33, ten of which are halo globular clusters. These old clusters are all metal poor, the range of metallicity ((Fe/H)) is from 0.14 to 2.12. In general, our results are consistent with those derived by other methods, such as integrated spectra and photometry, and our study confirms the reliability of the method of Kong et al. Globular clusters are thought to be among the oldest radiant objects in the Universe. The studies of these systems have played a key role in the development of our understanding of the Universe, including the fundamental question of the age of the Universe. The globular clusters of Milky Way can be used to probe the way in which our Galaxy formed. Studies of similar clusters in other galaxies can also provide us the properties of those galaxies in the early period
Simulation of single transparent molecule interaction with an optical microcavity

Finite-element simulations of nanoscale molecule interaction with the evanescent radiation field of an optical resonant microcavity are conducted to characterize the detection of single transparent molecules using the microcavity as an extremely sensitive micro/nano-sensor. The model sensor is an integrated device consisting of a dielectric microdisk and a waveguide that can be nanofabricated on Si-based dielectric thin film. When the microdisk is operated at a whispering-gallery mode, a strong evanescent field arises, surrounding the periphery of the cavity. Foreign target molecules such as proteins present in the near-field will interact with the electromagnetic resonant field and induce changes to the resonance. Such induced changes are investigated in this report and their significance in the detection of single molecules for nanotechnology development is discussed.
Mode identification from monochromatic amplitude and phase variations for the rapidly pulsating subdwarf B star EC 20338−1925

We obtain time-series spectrophotometry observations at the VLT with the aim of partially identifying the dominant oscillation modes in the rapidly pulsating subdwarf B star EC 20338−1925 on the basis of monochromatic amplitude and phase variations. From the data gathered, we detect four previously known pulsations with periods near 147, 168, 126 and 140 s and amplitudes between 0.2 and 2.3 % of the star’s mean brightness. We also determine the atmospheric parameters of EC 20338−1925 by fitting our non-LTE model atmospheres to an averaged combined spectrum. The inferred parameters are Teff = 34 153 ± 94 K, log g = 5.966 ± 0.017 and logN(He)/N(H) = −1.642 ± 0.022, where the uncertainty estimates quoted refer to the formal fitting errors. Finally, we calculate the observed monochromatic amplitudes and phases for the periodicities extracted using least-squares fitting to the light curves obtained for each wavelength bin. These observed quantities are then compared to the corresponding theoretical values computed on the basis of dedicated model atmosphere codes and also taking into account non-adiabatic effects. We find that the quality of the data is sufficient to identify the dominant pulsation at 146.9 s as a radial mode, while two of the lower amplitude periodicities must be low-degree modes with � = 0−2. This is the first time that monochromatic amplitudes and phases have been used for mode identification in a subdwarf B star, and the results are highly encouraging.
Genetic diversity and population structure of core watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) genotypes using DArTseq-based SNPs

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] is an economically important vegetable belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Genotypes that exhibit agronomically important traits are selected for the development of elite cultivars. Understanding the genetic diversity and the genotype population structure based on molecular markers at the genome level can speed up the utilization of diverse genetic resources for varietal improvement. In the present study, we carried out an analysis of genetic diversity based on 3882 SNP markers across 37 core watermelon genotypes, including the most widely used watermelon varieties and wild watermelon. Based on the SNP genotyping data of the 37 watermelon genotypes screened, gene diversity and polymorphism information content values across chromosomes varied between 0.03–0.5 and 0.02–0.38, with averages of 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. The two wild watermelon genotypes were distinct from cultivated varieties and the remaining 35 cultivated genotypes were differentiated into three major clusters: 20 genotypes were grouped in cluster I; 11 genotypes were grouped in cluster II; three advanced breeding lines of yellow fruit flesh and genotype SW043 were grouped in cluster III. The results from neighbour-joining dendrogram, principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE analysis approaches were consistent, and the grouping of genotypes was generally in agreement with their origins. Here we reveal the genetic relationships among the core watermelon genotypes maintained at the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. The molecular and phenotypic characterization of the existing core watermelon genotypes, together with specific agronomic characteristics, can be utilized by researchers and breeders for future watermelon improvement.
FEM enhanced signal processing approach for pattern recognition in the SQUID based NDE system

An efficient Non-Destructive Evaluation algorithm has been developed in order to extract the required information for pattern recognition of defects in the conductive samples. Using high-Tc gradiometer RF-SQUIDs in unshielded environments and incorporating an automated two dimensional non-magnetic scanning robot, samples with different intentional defects have been tested. We have used a developed noise cancellation approach for the improvement of the effectiveness of the used inverse-problem technique. In this approach we have used a well examined Finite Element Method (FEM) to apply a noise reduction filtering on the obtained raw magnetic image data before incorporating the signal processing analysis. By applying this noise cancellation filter and incorporating three different signal processing algorithms and comparing the results of the predicted images by the pattern of the intentionally made defects, we have investigated the ability of these methods for pattern recognition of unknown defects.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSS IN RURAL DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS- A CASE STUDY

This paper presents the analysis of electrical energy loss in rural distribution feeders. Eastern Power Distribution Corporation Limited, APEPDCL of Andhra Pradesh State in India has been implementing some methods to reduce technical losses on rural distribution feeders. Statistical Data of two years on 80 rural distribution feeders of Visakhapatnam district has been analyzed and the results were presented. Field survey has been conducted to assess the exact conditions of feeder loading and distribution system configurations. The rural distribution feeders considered predominantly supply the agricultural loads. Month wise cumulative percentage energy loss, power factor, length of line and line capacity were taken into consideration for analysis. Data of some sample feeders was presented. Critical observations were summarized. Suggestions were given for further improvement of efficiency of the system and reduction of losses based on simulation studies carried out.
Heterogeneity in patterns of survival of the invasive species Ipomoea carnea in urban habitats along the Egyptian Nile Delta

Plant traits are critical for understanding invasion success of introduced species, yet attempts to identify universal traits that explain invasion success and impact have been unsuccessful because environmenttrait-fitness relationships are complex, potentially context dependent, and variation in traits is often unaccounted for. As introduced species encounter novel environments, their traits and trait variability can determine their ability to grow and reproduce, yet invasion biologists do not often have an understanding of how novel environments might shape traits. To uncover which combination of traits are most effective for predicting invasion success, we studied three different urban habitat types along the Nile Delta in Egypt invaded by the Pink Morning Glory, Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (Family: Convolvulaceae). Over two years, we measured ten plant traits at monthly intervals along an invasion gradient in each habitat. No single trait sufficiently explained survival probability and that traits linked to invasion success were better predicted by the characteristics of the invaded habitat. While the measured traits did influence survival of I. carnea, the importance of specific traits was contingent on the local environment, meaning that local trait-environment interactions need to be understood in order to predict invasion.
The Roles of Forgiveness towards Repurchase Intentions from a Cross Cultural Perspective

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between forgiveness towards repurchasing intentions from a cross cultural perspective. The study was conducted in the airline industry where customers believed the airline service was not up to expectations. The survey used questionnaires to collect data from Thai and European passengers who had perceived failure of service experienced in the international airline. The result of this study found that Thai and European customers have a different degree of collectivism and forgiveness. Collectivism culture has a positive effect to forgiveness and repurchase intention. Furthermore, customer forgiveness has a positive relationship with the customerâ€™s intention to repurchase. More specifically, the study incorporates customer forgiveness as a mediator, thus forgiveness can be influenced by cultural values and can perform the role as a coping strategy by the customer to release negative emotional responses from a service failure and open a gate of opportunity for a customer repurchase intention.
Earthquake Hazard of the Aegean Extension Region (West Turkey)

West Turkey, one of the most seismically active regions of Turkey, has been analysed to reveal seismic hazard by using fractal behaviour, seismic quiescence z- and Gutenberg-Richter b-parameters. Starting from raw earthquake catalogue, we performed completeness analysis on recorded events, and a final catalogue, could be accepted as homogeneous, was obtained. According to the results obtained from the Frequency-Magnitude Distribution (FMD), seismic activity rates (b- and z-values) and fractal correlation dimension, we detected three anomalous zones throughout the Aegean Extension Region (AER). These are: (1) Candarli Bay and Bergama-Zeytindag Fault Zone, (2) Izmir fault and Orhanli Fault Zone, and (3) Buldan and surrounding areas. The relatively infrequent occurrence of the great earthquakes in the AER and present hazard parameters obtained by this study suggest that magnitude of a destructive earthquake may reach up to Ms= 6.5. Hence, it is also possible to say that large earthquakes are generally not expected in those related zones because of seismic moment release from small-moderate sized earthquakes.
Molecular Evolutionary Analyses of the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Region in Norovirus Genogroup II

Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans across the world. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a critical role in the replication of the viral genome. Although there have been some reports on a limited number of genotypes with respect to the norovirus evolution of the RdRp region, no comprehensive molecular evolution examination of the norovirus GII genotype has yet been undertaken. Therefore, we conducted an evolutionary analysis of the 25 genotypes of the norovirus GII RdRp region (full-length), collected globally using different bioinformatics technologies. The time-scaled phylogenetic tree, generated using the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, indicated that the common ancestor of GII diverged from GIV around 1443 CE [95% highest posterior density (HPD), 1336–1542]. The GII RdRp region emerged around 1731 CE (95% HPD, 1703–1757), forming three lineages. The evolutionary rate of the RdRp region of the norovirus GII strains was estimated at over 10−3 substitutions/site/year. The evolutionary rates were significantly distinct in each genotype. The composition of the phylogenetic distances differed among the strains for each genotype. Furthermore, we mapped the negative selection sites on the RdRp protein and many of these were predicted in the GII.P4 RdRp proteins. The phylodynamics of GII.P4, GII.P12, GII.P16, and GII.Pe showed that their effective population sizes increased during the period from 2003 to 2014. Our results cumulatively suggest that the RdRp region of the norovirus GII rapidly and uniquely evolved with a high divergence similar to that of the norovirus VP1 gene.
Interactive comment on “On the benefit of high-resolution climate simulations in impact studies of hydrological extremes” by R. Dankers

The reviewer claims that our methodology is questionable, but does not explain why. Is the LISFLOOD model not a widely used and well-documented hydrological model (see e.g. De Roo et al., 2000; Feyen et al.,2007; Feyen et al., 2008; Van der Knijff et al., 2008 and references therein)? Is HIRHAM not a state-of-the-art regional climate model that has been tested in many different regions and studies (see e.g. Beniston et al., 2007; Christensen et al., 2008; Fowler et al., 2007; Frei et al., 2006; Jacob et al., 2007; May, 2007)? Is the statistical analysis not sound (see Criss and Winston, 2008; Coles, 2001; Katz et al., 2002)? Unless the reviewer is able to prove otherwise, we think our methodology is sound and well-founded in mainstream hydrological and climatological research.
Financial Reforms and Industrial Productivity Growth in Nigeria

The effective performance of industrial sector of every economy depends largely on the level of development in the financial system of the country and also on the intermediation between the surplus and the deficit units of the economy. Based on these assertions, the study empirically investigated the impact of financial reforms on industrial productivity growth in Nigeria. A vector auto-regression analysis with impulse-response and variance decomposition was employed, using a time series data between the period of 1986 and 2013. The study however found out that the various financial services reforms put in place since the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Nigeria have not significantly brought about the needed improvement in the level of industrial productivity growth in the country. It is imperative for the financial reform operations to specifically target the industrial sector of the economy through a growth engendering reform policy capable of ensuring a sizeable and economically viable lending interest rates regimes. The provision of expansionary grants for the real sector of the economy would also serve as opportunity to increase the percentage contribution of industrial sector to the country’s gross domestic product. Keywords: Industry, GDP, VAR Model, Financial Reforms and Nigeria.
Laboratory evaluation of three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for controlling Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Haemaphysalis punctata

Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Haemaphysalis punctata larval ticks were shown to be susceptible to different strains of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae under laboratory conditions. To determine the susceptibility of H. anatolicum anatolicum and H. punctata to M. anisopliae, two suspensions of conidia were used (103 and 104 spores/ml). The treatments were conducted by immersing larval stage (at least 20 larvae/Petri dish) of H.anatolicum anatolicum and H.punctata in the spore suspension for 30 sec, followed by transferring to Petri dish containing moist filter paper. Control larval ticks were only immersed in 0.05% aqueous Tween 80. All treated and untreated ticks were observed by day interval up to day 18 to detect dead ticks and signs of mycosis. Comparative results of bioassays using three different fungal strains showed that all strains of M. anisopliae were highly pathogenic against two tick species used. The higher mortality rate was seen with strain of 689 when used in H. punctata and 685 in H. anatolicum anatolicum in comparison with the other strains(p