Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of dihydromyricetin on the proliferation of JAR cells and its mechanism of action

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a novel natural drug with antitumor activity against some cancer cells without obvious toxicity. Previously, its apoptotic effect on human choriocarcinoma was detected. The present study further investigated the therapeutic potential of DMY as a new drug for the treatment of choriocarcinoma, as well as its anti-proliferative effect and mechanism of action. The short-term proliferation of JAR cells was determined by MTT assay, whereas the effect of DMY on long-term cell proliferation was determined by colony forming assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the cell cycle. Furthermore, western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation-associated proteins such as cyclin A1, cyclin D1, SMAD3 and SMAD4. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify mRNA expression levels. The results indicated that DMY inhibited short and long-term proliferation of JAR cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry demonstrated S/G2/M cell cycle arrest, and western blotting revealed the downregulation of SMAD3, SMAD4, cyclin A1 and cyclin D1 expression levels. The results of RT-qPCR and western blotting were consistent. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that DMY inhibits the proliferation of human choriocarcinoma JAR cells, potentially through cell cycle arrest via the downregulation of cyclin A1, cyclin D1, SMAD3 and SMAD4 expression levels.
Experimental Study of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Optical Switching Effect in Liquid Nitrogen Environment

In this study, the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) optical switching effect in liquid nitrogen (LN2) environment is demonstrated and experimentally investigated. Turning off the light transmission is realized by the liquefaction of air present in the airholes of the HC-PCF when the fiber is immersed in LN2, and turning on the light transmission is realized by the evaporation of air when the fiber is taken out of LN2. The extinction ratio of the optical switching effect is found to be ∼50 dB; furthermore, the turn-on and turn-off time of the optical switching effect can reach ∼8 s and ∼3 s, respectively. Thus, optical switching effect in a HC-PCF in LN2 environment can be easily realized, which is beneficial in building all-fiber in-line low-frequency optical-switching systems that can be potentially applied in areas such as fiber sensors.
Simulation studies of a vision intruder detection system

The purpose of this paper is to describe simulation research carried out for the needs of multi-sensor anti-collision system for light aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles. ,This paper presents an analysis related to the practical possibilities of detecting intruders in the air space with the use of optoelectronic sensors. The theoretical part determines the influence of the angle of view, distance from the intruder and the resolution of the camera on the ability to detect objects with different linear dimensions. It has been assumed that the detection will be effective for objects represented by at least four pixels (arranged in a line) on the sensor matrix. In the main part devoted to simulation studies, the theoretical data was compared to the obtained intruders’ images. The verified simulation environment was then applied to the image processing algorithms developed for the anti-collision system. ,A simulation environment was obtained enabling reliable tests of the anti-collision system using optoelectronic sensors. ,The integration of unmanned aircraft operations in civil airspace is a serious problem on a global scale. Equipping aircraft with autonomous anti-collision systems can help solve key problems. The use of simulation techniques in the process of testing anti-collision systems allows the implementation of test scenarios that may be burdened with too much risk in real flights. ,This paper aims for possible improvement of safety in light-sport aviation. ,This paper conducts verification of classic flight simulator software suitability for carrying out anti-collision systems tests and development of a flight simulator platform dedicated to such tests.
NOAA gulf of Mexico status and trends program: Trace organic contaminant distribution in sediments and oysters

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chlorinated pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations were determined in sediment and oysters to provide information on the current status of the concentration of these contaminants in Gulf of Mexico coastal areas removed from point sources of input. Coprostanol analyses of sediments showed that anthropogenic materials are associated with the sediments at all 153 stations sampled. The levels of contaminants encountered are low compared with areas of known contamination. Average PAH concentrations are nearly the same in oysters and sediments, although the molecular weight distribution is different. Average DDT and PCB concentrations are higher by a factor of 10 to 130 in oysters as compared to sediments. Continued sampling and analyses will allow for long-term trends in the concentrations of these contaminants to be determined.
In Vitro Fermentation of Various Food Fiber Fractions

Dietary fiber fractions (DFF) were fermented in vitro with human fecal inocula to study fiber fermentability and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Amylolytic and proteolytic enzyme treatment using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists enzymatic-gravimetric procedure reduced processed food fiber products to DFF by removing gastric enzyme-digestible (nonresistant) components. Total 24-h SCFA production from DFF decreased in the following order: fig > oat = soy > pea > apple > corn = wheat > pear. SCFA production was proportional to the fermentability of these fibers. Fermentation of DFF from fruits such as pear, apple, and fig produced low amounts of butyrate. In contrast, less acetate and more propionate and butyrate were produced by fermentation of oat and soy DFF. Major fiber constituents, resistant starch (RS), β-glucan, and pectin were also fermented. RS, isolated from starch, produced acetate more slowly than the starch. β-Glucan produced propionate and butyrate in higher amount.
Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism

Abstract Intra‐cohort cannibalism is an example of a size‐mediated priority effect. If early life stages cannibalize slightly smaller individuals, then parents face a trade‐off between breeding at the best time for larval growth or development and predation risk from offspring born earlier. This game‐theoretic situation among parents may drive adaptive reproductive phenology toward earlier breeding. However, it is not straightforward to quantify how cannibalism affects seasonal egg fitness or to distinguish emergent breeding phenology from alternative adaptive drivers. Here, we devise an age‐structured game‐theoretic mathematical model to find evolutionary stable breeding phenologies. We predict how size‐dependent cannibalism acting on eggs, larvae, or both changes emergent breeding phenology and find that breeding under inter‐cohort cannibalism occurs earlier than the optimal match to environmental conditions. We show that emergent breeding phenology patterns at the level of the population are sensitive to the ontogeny of cannibalism, that is, which life stage is subject to cannibalism. This suggests that the nature of cannibalism among early life stages is a potential driver of the diversity of reproductive phenologies seen across taxa and may be a contributing factor in situations where breeding occurs earlier than expected from environmental conditions.
A robust two quadrant sparse classifier for partially occluded face image recognition

Abstract In the last decade, Sparse representation method of classification has proved its efficiency for face recognition applications. The major challenge for face recognition algorithms is partial occlusion and expression changes in face images. In case of upper or lower face occlusion, a large portion of discriminative information gets missing which results into lower classification accuracy. In this paper a novel two quadrant sparse classifier is proposed which implements sparse representation in two different quadrants. Proposed classifier uses visual face information present in upper and lower quadrants independently to classify the test face image which provides correct classification even if one quadrant is occluded. The enhanced accuracy of proposed technique is proved using extensive simulations carried out on two standard databases (ORL and YALE). The experimental results for all number of training images and training sets are compared with simple sparse method in terms of mean classification accuracy. The performance of proposed technique is analysed with a maximum improvement of 3.51 % in terms of classification accuracy.
Reliability of the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique for methane emission measurement from individual animals: an overview

Measurements of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from individual animals have traditionally been made with indirect calorimetry techniques, which are both accurate and reliable. However, the expense and need for animal training and the extent to which calorimetric results can be extrapolated to free-ranging animals have been questioned and stimulated the development of the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. The tracer technique is now widely used in New Zealand and many other countries for CH4 emission measurements on grazing and pen-fed cattle, sheep, deer and alpacas. Few studies with cattle and sheep have examined the validity of the SF6 tracer technique. Most of these studies have concluded that estimations of CH4 emission by this technique do not differ from those of calorimetric techniques, though some exceptions have been reported. There is general agreement that the tracer technique is associated with large between-animal variability in the CH4 emission estimates from animals on the same diet, but it remains unknown whether this is due to the environment, housing conditions or the technique itself. High within-animal variability has also been reported from tracer CH4 measurements. There is growing evidence that CH4 emission estimates by the tracer technique are positively influenced by the permeation rate (PR) of the SF6 gas from permeation tubes and it has been suggested that fate of the tracer in the rumen rather than unrepresentative breath sample collection is the likely reason for the latter. It is concluded that although some issues related to the tracer technique need to be clarified, using a narrow range in PR and balancing of PR between treatments should be practised in order to overcome the relationship between PR and CH4 emission estimates.
Spatial information-enhanced hyperspectral imagery classification based on joint spatial-aware collaborative representation

Abstract. To address the insufficiency of texture information-based classification features to classify samples, we proposed two methods for spatial information-enhanced hyperspectral imagery classification based on joint spatial-aware collaborative representation (JSaCR). First, we introduce a texture regularized-based joint spatial-aware collaborative representation (TRJSaCR) method, in which prior texture is regarded as a regularization term to constrain the coefficient of the objection function of JSaCR and the closed-form solution is obtained to reconstruct the test sample. Second is a spatial information-assisted discrimination rules (SIDR) method coupled with TRJSaCR (TRJSaCR-SIDR) for classification. More precisely, the label information of the test samples and their corresponding neighborhoods are specified by TRJSaCR-SIDR, and the final labels are determined by considering their neighborhood label distribution. Our work aims to broaden the knowledge of the utilization of spatial information in hyperspectral classification. Experimental results on two benchmark hyperspectral datasets, Indian Pines and Pavia University, indicate that the proposed algorithms are superior to other state-of-the-art classifiers.
Effects of extraction processes on the antioxidant activity of apple polyphenols

The effects of microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and water bath extraction on the antioxidant activity of apple polyphenols are reported in this short communication. This study evaluated these methods based on their effect on the antioxidant activity of apple polyphenols whereas previous studies focused only on the yield rate of the extraction methods. The oxidation induction periods of apple polyphenols were 6.11, 3.26 and 1.13 h for microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and water bath extraction, respectively. This result indicates that from the perspective of antioxidant activity protection microwave-assisted extraction is much better than the other two methods. Hopefully, this study could attract researchers’ attention to the property of apple polyphenols in extraction and promote the development of natural polyphenols extraction methods.
Combined climate change and nutrient load impacts on future habitats and eutrophication indicators in a eutrophic coastal sea

Eutrophication and climate change will affect habitats of species and more generally, the structure and functioning of ecosystems. We used a three‐dimensional, coupled hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model to investigate potential future changes in size and location of potential habitats of marine species during the 21st century in a large, eutrophicated brackish sea (the Baltic Sea, northern Europe). We conducted scenario projections under the combined impact of nutrient load and climate change. Possible future changes of the eutrophication state of this sea were also assessed through two policy‐relevant indicators. The results imply a physiologically more stressful environment for marine species by the end of the 21st century: volumes of higher salinity water become more hypoxic/anoxic and the volumes of low salinity, oxic water increase. For example, these results impact and reduce cod reproductive habitats. The decrease is mainly climate change induced in the Baltic basins less directly influenced by inflows of saline, oxic water to the Baltic Sea (E Gotland and Gdansk Basins). In basins more directly influenced by such inflows (Arkona and Bornholm Basins), the combined effect from climate change and nutrient loads is of importance. The results for the eutrophication state indicators clearly indicate a more eutrophic sea than at present without a rigorous nutrient reduction policy, that is, the necessity to implement the Baltic Sea Action Plan. The multidisciplinary, multiscenario assessment strategy presented here provides a useful concept for the evaluation of impacts from cumulative stresses of changing climate and socioeconomic pressures on future eutrophication indicators and habitats of marine species.
Fungal succession in sapwood of Norway spruce infested by the bark beetle Ips typographus

Fungal invasion of Norway spruce sapwood was investigated during a period of 130 weeks fol-lowing attack by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Heavy beetle attack tended to overwhelm the trees quickly and no secondary resinosis was produced. Nonetheless, fungal penetration in the sapwood was initiated only slowly, although it accelerated during the fourth week after attack. Typically the leading edge of fungal penetration was a few millimeters in advance of the visible blue-stain during the sapwood colonization. Fungi invaded the sapwood in a successional pattern with the most pathogenic species Ophiostoma polonicum first, followed by other beetle-transmitted Ophiostoma and Graphium species. The later succession was probably influenced by sapwood moisture. Strong decaying white-rotters invaded near the base of the trees, where sapwood moisture remained favourable, while cf. Trichoderma viride dominated in the drier parts or the trees.
Variation in sperm size within and between ejaculates in a cockroach

Summary 1 Interspecific diversity in the morphology of animal sperm suggests adaptive evolutionary changes in size and structure. Little attention has been directed at patterns of intraspecific phenotypic variation in sperm morphology, although such variation is a prerequisite for the extreme diversity seen among male gametes. Despite well-developed sperm competition theory providing a basis for exploring how variation in sperm morphology may affect male fitness, the patterns of variation in sperm morphology remain unclear for most species. 2 We report systematic size variation in sperm length among different males and between successive ejaculates within the same male in the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. Both flagellum length and mid-piece length decreased between the first and second ejaculate. However, within the same ejaculate the sperm head (acrosome and nucleus), midpiece (centriole adjunct region) and tail length exhibited less variation than that present between males for both first and second ejaculates. 3 Our findings, combined with previous studies, suggest a focus on episodes of selection and lifetime selection on ejaculates may be instructive in understanding the selective forces influencing sperm evolution in a predictive framework.
Okullarda Örgütsel Sinizmin Yordayıcısı Olarak Lider-Üye Etkileşimi

Bu calismada, okullarda lider-uye etkilesimi ve orgutsel sinizm arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Calisma iliskisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmistir. Arastirmanin orneklemini; 2018-2019 egitim-ogretim yilinda Gaziantep’in Şahinbey ilcesinde gorev yapan 363 ortaokul ogretmeni olusturmaktadir. Veriler, “Lider-Uye Etkilesimi Olcegi” ve “Orgutsel Sinizm Olcegi” araciligi ile toplanmistir. Verilerin analizinde, SPSS ve AMOS programlarindan yararlanilmistir. Analizlerden elde edilen bulgulara gore; lider-uye etkilesimi ve orgutsel sinizm arasinda negatif yonde bir iliski bulunmaktadir. Regresyon analizi sonucunda, lider-uye etkilesiminin hem genel hem de duygu, mesleki saygi ve katki alt boyutlarinin orgutsel sinizmi negatif yonde yordadigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Okullarda ogretmenlerin okul yoneticileri ile iletisim halinde olmasi, orgutsel sinizm davranislarinin daha az gosterilmesini saglayacaktir. Bu nedenle, ogretmen ve yoneticilerin guvene dayali iliskiler kurmalari onemlidir. Ayrica bu surecte ogretmenlerin de mesleki rollerinin gereklerini yerine getirmeleri, egitim ogretimi gelistirmeye yonelik faaliyetlere katilim saglamalari hem yoneticilerle hem de diger meslektaslariyla guven, saygi ve sadakat temeline dayali iliskiler kurmalari onemlidir.
Rational Inattention, Competitive Supply, and Psychometrics*

We introduce a simple method of recovering attention costs from choice data. Our method rests on a precise analogy with production theory. Costs of attention determine consumer demand and consumer welfare, just as a competitive firm’s technology determines its supply curve and profits. We implement our recovery method experimentally, outline applications, and link our work to the broader literature on inattention and mistaken decisions.
A brief evidence-based intervention to enhance Workplace Well-being and Flourishing in health care professionals: Feasibility and pilot outcomes

The deleterious direct and indirect effects of burnout among physicians and other health care professionals and learners have been well documented [1-3]. Levels of burnout are quite variable in different settings and among different specialties and professions [4] but reach levels to be regarded as constituting a public health crisis. Certainly, it is clear that “. demands on all physicians [and health care providers] have never been higher and . There’s the personal pressure of appearing infallible to patients, and the stigma attached to asking for help” [4]. The factors that contribute to burnout may be conceptualized as falling into three categories: 1) System level (including job-specific resources and demands) 2) Team level (including interaction among team members/colleagues) and 3) Individual resources. It has been asserted that burnout is not an “individual problem triggered by personal limitations” and that efforts spent on mitigation of burnout effects would best be placed on system level factors [3]. Slavin et al [5] suggest that systems and programs that primarily focus on “treating distressed individuals and fail to look at the workplace environment” fall short of addressing the full extent and complexity of the problem. We suggest that the answer lies in multifaceted, inclusive and proactive approaches across all levels of the system, team and individual resources to address this complex problem. In light of all that has been gleaned regarding how burnout might best be addressed, there have been calls to shift the focus from distress and burnout to enhancing well-being of health care providers and learners. It has been further underscored that health care professional wellness should not be defined solely by the absence of or decrease in levels of burnout [6]. Rather Eckleberry-Hunt and colleagues [6] suggest a paradigm shift toward primary and secondary prevention to enhance levels of overall wellness, a focus on strength building (as opposed to weaknesses or pathology) and, ultimately, actively promote impactful culture change. Some programs and interventions developed to address this need have focused on fostering increased levels of resilience – developing the ability to bounce back after adversity. We, however, consider a shift beyond the lowest rebound criterion of resilience toward Flourishing [7] to be the optimal target in assisting individuals in a process of growth, flexibility and overall well-being. To this end, we developed a brief well-being focused intervention entitled “CU Flourish” embedded in the five domains defined by Seligman’s [7] PERMA theory: positive emotion (P), engagement (E), relationships (R), A Brief Evidence-based Intervention to Enhance Workplace Well-being and Flourishing in Health Care Professionals: Feasibility and Pilot Outcomes
Measuring the Relationship of Bivariate Data Using Hodges-Lehman Estimator

The relationship of bivariate data ordinarily measured using correlation coefficient. The most commonly used correlation coefficient is the Pearson correlation coefficient. This coefficient is well-known as the best coefficient for interval or ratio bivariate data with a linear relationship. Even though this coefficient is good under the mentioned condition, it also becomes very sensitive to a small departure from linearity. Usually, this is because of the existence of an outlier. For that reason, this paper provides new robust correlation coefficients which combine the elements of nonparametric technique from the Hodges Lehmann estimator and the parametric technique based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. This paper also introduces different scale estimators such as median and median absolute deviation (MADn) and denoted by rHL(med) and rHL(MADn) respectively. The performance of the proposed correlation coefficients is measured by the coefficient values and these values are also being compared to the Pearson correlation coefficient and several existing robust correlation coefficients. The results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) with no doubt is very good under perfect data condition, but with only 10% outliers, it not only give poor correlation value but turns the direction of the relationship to negative. While the rHL(med) and rHL(MADn) offer the highest coefficient values and these values are robust to the existence of outliers by up to 30%. With very good performance under all data conditions yet simple in the calculation, the rHL(med) and rHL(MADn) is considered a good alternative to the r when need to deal with outliers.