Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Input Nonlinearity in Sequential Load Modulated Balanced Amplifiers

This paper investigates the impact of input nonlinearity in the sequential load modulated balanced amplifier (SLMBA) configuration. Theoretical analysis identifies that the utilization of Class-F-1 control amplifier (CA) can provide high and flat efficiency performance in low-power region and stable balanced amplifier (BA) load modulation in high-power region under second harmonic source $(Z_{2S})$ variation. The immunity to input nonlinearity of Class-F-1 operation provides CA flexible $Z_{2S}$ design space in broadband SLMBA realization. Based on the load-pull experimental results, the optimum design space of $\angle\Gamma_{2S}$ over (-90°, 90°) is chosen as the safe design region for Class-B/J BA and Class-F-1 CA. Following the investigation results, an identical input matching network (IMN) with tuned $Z_{2S}$ terminations was designed for both CA and BA cells for an SLMBA operating from 1.8 to 2.6 GHz leaveraging high efficiency back-off performance from a Class-F-1 CA. Measured results showed high drain efficiency (DE) of 53.2% to 64.7% at 8-dB back-off and 62.7% to 67.4% at peak power as well.
A novel approach in the detection of muon neutrino to tau neutrino oscillation from extragalactic neutrinos

A novel approach is proposed for studying the > Ur oscillation and detection of extragalactic neutrinos. Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), Gamma Ray Bursters (GRB) and Topological Defects eire believed to be sources of ultrahigh energy i/^ ajid i/g. These astrophysiced sources provide a long baseline of lOOMpc, or more, for possible detection of ^ Vt oscillation with mixing parameter down to 10"^^ eV^, many orders of magnitude below the current accelerator experiments. The propagation characteristics of upward going muon and tau neutrinos is studied to show that high energy tau neutrinos cascade down in energy as they prop­ agates through the Earth, producing an enhancement of the incoming tau neutrino flux in the low energy region. This effect is illustrated by looking at the angular dependence of the upward Uf^ and flux from some typical extragalactic neutrino sources. We see that for an AGN quasar model, the flux is a factor of 2 to 2.5 larger than the incoming flux in the energy range between 10^ GeV and 10'* GeV. In the case of the GRB flux, the enhzincement is 10%-27% in the same energy range for zero nadir angle. By contrast, high energy muon neutrinos get attenuated as they traverse the Earth. It is observed that the relative steepness of the incoming neutrino flux spectrum and the nadir angle of the Earth are two important factors that influence the enhancement and cascade of flux. This effect provides a novel way to search for tau neutrino appearance by
Impact of Visceral Leishmaniasis on Local Organ Metabolism in Hamsters

Leishmania is an intracellular parasite with different species pathogenic to humans and causing the disease leishmaniasis. Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that manifests as hepatosplenomegaly, fever, pancytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia. If left without treatment, VL can cause death, especially in immunocompromised people. Current treatments have often significant adverse effects, and resistance has been reported in some countries. Determining the metabolites perturbed during VL can lead us to find new treatments targeting disease pathogenesis. We therefore compared metabolic perturbation between L. donovani-infected and uninfected hamsters across organs (spleen, liver, and gut). Metabolites were extracted, analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and processed with MZmine and molecular networking to annotate metabolites. We found few metabolites commonly impacted by infection across all three sites, including glycerophospholipids, ceramides, acylcarnitines, peptides, purines and amino acids. In accordance with VL symptoms and parasite tropism, we found a greater overlap of perturbed metabolites between spleen and liver compared to spleen and gut, or liver and gut. Targeting pathways related to these metabolite families would be the next focus that can lead us to find more effective treatments for VL.
Statistical Validation of Risk Alleles in Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test: Early Identification of Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in 74,566 Case–Control Subjects

Since 1990, when our laboratory published the association of the DRD2 Taq A1 allele and severe alcoholism in JAMA, there has been an explosion of genetic candidate association studies, including GWAS. To develop an accurate test to help identify those at risk for at least Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), Blum’s group developed the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test, consisting of ten genes and eleven associated risk alleles. In order to statistically validate the selection of these risk alleles measured by GARS, we applied strict analysis to studies that investigated the association of each polymorphism with AUD or AUD-related conditions published from 1990 until 2021. This analysis calculated the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium of each polymorphism in cases and controls. If available, the Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to comparisons of the gender, genotype, and allele distribution. The statistical analyses found the OR, 95% CI for OR, and a post-risk for 8% estimation of the population’s alcoholism prevalence revealed a significant detection. The OR results showed significance for DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, DAT1, COMT, OPRM1, and 5HTT at 5%. While most of the research related to GARS is derived from our laboratory, we are encouraging more independent research to confirm our findings.
A NURBS-Enhanced Finite Volume Method for Steady Euler Equations with Goal-Oriented $h$-Adaptivity

In [ A NURBS-enhanced ﬁnite volume solver for steady Euler equations, X. C. Meng, G. H. Hu, J. Comput. Phys., Vol. 359, pp. 77–92 ], a NURBS-enhanced ﬁnite volume method was developed to solve the steady Euler equations, in which the desired high order numerical accuracy was obtained for the equations imposed in the domain with a curved boundary. In this paper, the method is signiﬁcantly improved in the following ways: (i) a simple and efﬁcient point inversion technique is designed to compute the parameter values of points lying on a NURBS curve, (ii) with this new point inversion technique, the h -adaptive NURBS-enhanced ﬁnite volume method is introduced for the steady Euler equations in a complex domain, and (iii) a goal-oriented a posteriori error indicator is designed to further improve the efﬁciency of the algorithm towards accurately calculating a given quantity of interest. Numerical results obtained from a variety of numerical experiments with different ﬂow conﬁgurations successfully show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Interventions and Impact of Pharmacist-Delivered Services for People Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Pharmacists are essential members of the healthcare team. The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led pharmacists to undertake additional clinical roles. We aim to conduct a systematic review on the interventions and impact of pharmacist-delivered services in managing COVID-19 patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL plus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science from 1 December 2019 (the first case of COVID-19 emerged) to 13 January 2022 to retrieve the articles. Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines were followed respectively to perform and report the review. The pharmacist-led interventions were reported following the Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool (DEPICT) version 2. The protocol of systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021277128). Studies quality was assessed with the modified NOS scale. In total, 7 observational studies were identified from 10,838 studies. Identification of dosage errors (n = 6 studies), regimen modifications (n = 5), removal of obsolete/duplicate medications (n = 5), identification and management of adverse drug reactions (n = 4), drug interactions prevention (n = 2), and physicians acceptance rate (n = 3) of therapy-related services delivered in-person or via tele-pharmacy were among the pharmacist-delivered services. Common interventions delivered by pharmacists also included optimizing the use of antibacterial, antivirals, and anticoagulants in COVID-19 infected patients. The acceptance of pharmacist-delivered services by physicians was high (88.5–95.5%). Included studies have described pharmacists’ beneficial role in managing patients with COVID-19 including detection, resolution, and prevention of medication-related problems, with physicians demonstrating high trust in pharmacists’ advice. Future research should assess the feasibility and scalability of such roles in real-world settings.
Beamforming and Band Allocation for Satellite and High-Altitude Platforms Cognitive Systems

In this letter, we consider a cognitive radio network consisting of broadcast satellite service (BSS), high-density fixed-satellite service (HDFSS), and high-altitude platforms (HAPs) systems. The spectrum utilization within a satellite beam coverage is increased by deploying extra HAPs in the pre-determined hot-spot regions to existing cognitive systems in which the BSS and HDFSS share frequency bands. Since the multiple network nodes simultaneously employ the same frequency band, there exists a challenge to efficiently mitigate the interference between them. Therefore, we propose an iterative precoding and band allocation algorithm for multi-antenna HAPs to maximize the network data rate. In addition, we present other low-complexity techniques and compare them through simulation results.
Mental model interface design: putting users in control of home heating

ABSTRACT Occupant behaviour is a key variable affecting the amount of energy used in homes. The understanding, interface and interaction with heating controls hold the potential to influence how heating is operated and, in turn, how much energy is consumed. A study is presented to test a series of hypotheses that the design of the home-heating interface can positively influence the achievement of home-heating goals, if it is specifically designed to communicate a user mental model (UMM) of how the system functions. This would encourage appropriate inhabitant behaviour. The experiment involved 20 pairs of participants matched by age, gender and home-heating experience. The participants were asked to attain a series of home-heating goals using an accelerated home-heating simulator. The impact of specific design features of a novel interface design was compared with an interface offering a traditional home-heating system experience. The evidence confirms that design features contributed to differences in UMMs, intentional behaviour and goal achievement. A mental model approach to design can be used as a means of putting users ‘in control’ of their heating system to enable them to fulfil their home-heating goals better.
Hot, wet and rare: modelling the occupancy dynamics of the narrowly distributed Dixie Valley toad

ABSTRACT Context. Small population sizes and no possibility of metapopulation rescue put narrowly distributed endemic species under elevated risk of extinction from anthropogenic change. Desert spring wetlands host many endemic species that require aquatic habitat and are isolated by the surrounding xeric terrestrial habitat. Aims. We sought to model the occupancy dynamics of the Dixie Valley toad (Anaxyrus williamsi), a recently described species endemic to a small desert spring wetland complex in Nevada, USA. Methods. We divided the species’ range into 20 m × 20 m cells and surveyed for Dixie Valley toads at 60 cells during six primary periods from 2018 to 2021, following an occupancy study design. We analysed our survey data by using a multi-state dynamic occupancy model to estimate the probability of adult occurrence, colonisation, site survival, and larval occurrence and the relationship of each to environmental covariates. Key results. The detection probabilities of adult and larval toads were affected by survey length and time of day. Adult Dixie Valley toads were widely distributed, with detections in 75% of surveyed cells at some point during the 3-year study, whereas larvae were observed only in 20% of cells during the study. Dixie Valley toad larvae were more likely to occur in cells far from spring heads with a high coverage of surface water, low emergent vegetation cover, and water temperatures between 20°C and 28°C. Adult toads were more likely to occur in cells with a greater coverage of surface water and water depth >10 cm. Cells with more emergent vegetation cover and surface water were more likely to be colonised by adult toads. Conclusions. Our results showed that Dixie Valley toads are highly dependent on surface water in both spring and autumn. Adults and larvae require different environmental conditions, with larvae occurring farther from spring heads and in fewer cells. Implications. Disturbances to the hydrology of the desert spring wetlands in Dixie Valley could threaten the persistence of this narrowly distributed toad.
Structure of an Intranucleosomal DNA Loop That Senses DNA Damage during Transcription

Transcription through chromatin by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is accompanied by the formation of small intranucleosomal DNA loops containing the enzyme (i-loops) that are involved in survival of core histones on the DNA and arrest of Pol II during the transcription of damaged DNA. However, the structures of i-loops have not been determined. Here, the structures of the intermediates formed during transcription through a nucleosome containing intact or damaged DNA were studied using biochemical approaches and electron microscopy. After RNA polymerase reaches position +24 from the nucleosomal boundary, the enzyme can backtrack to position +20, where DNA behind the enzyme recoils on the surface of the histone octamer, forming an i-loop that locks Pol II in the arrested state. Since the i-loop is formed more efficiently in the presence of SSBs positioned behind the transcribing enzyme, the loop could play a role in the transcription-coupled repair of DNA damage hidden in the chromatin structure.
Structural and Functional Characterization at the Molecular Level of the MATE Gene Family in Wheat in Silico

A series of multidrug extransporters known as the multidrug and potentially toxic extrusion (MATE) genes are found in all living things and are crucial for the removal of heavy metal ions, metalloids, exogenous xenobiotics, endogenous secondary metabolites, and other toxic substances from the cells. However, there has only been a small amount of them in silico analysis of the MATE family of genes in plant species. In the current study, the MATE gene family was characterized in silico where two families and seven subfamilies based on their evolutionary relationships were proposed. Plant breeders may use TraesCS1D02G030400, TraesCS4B02G244400, and TraesCS1A02G029900 genes for marker-assisted or transgenic breeding to develop novel cultivars since these genes have been hypothesized from protein-protein interaction study to play a critical role in the transport of toxic chemicals across cells. The exon number varies from 01 to 14. One exon has TraesCS1A02G188100, TraesCS5B02G562500, TraesCS6A02G256400, and TraesCS6D02G384300 genes, while 14 exons have only two genes that are TraesCS6A02G418800 and TraesCS6D02G407900. Biological stress (infestations of disease) affects the expression of most of the MATE genes, with the gene TraesCS5D02G355500 having the highest expression level in the wheat expression browser tool. Using the Grain interpretation search engine tool, it is found that the vast bulk of MATE genes are voiced throughout biotic environmental stresses caused by disease pests, with the genotype TraesCS5B02G326600.1 from family 1 exhibiting the greatest level of expression throughout Fusarium head blight infection by Fusarium graminearum after 4 days of infection. The researchers constructed 39 ternary plots, each with a distinct degree of expression under biotic and abiotic stress settings, and observed that 44% of the triplets have imbalanced outputs (extreme values) due to their higher tissue specificity and increased intensity.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Pathological Worry and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation in Students With Depression Symptoms

Background: High school students may experience stress, worry, anxiety, educational problems, and psychological damage because of high workload, expansive cognitive assignments, and being in a competitive space regarding their assignments and the university entrance exam. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on pathological worry and difficulty in emotion regulation in students with depression symptoms in Dehloran City, Iran. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all 12-grade female students studying for the university entrance exam in the academic year of 2020-2021 in Dehloran City, Iran. A total of 45 students were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into MBSR, DBT, and control groups. The research instruments included the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, Penn State worry questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory-II. The data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The Mean±SD of the pathological worry for MBSR, DBT, and control groups in the posttest phase were 33.67±3.69, 31.00±3.87, and 37.78±3.96, respectively. Moreover, the Mean±SD of the difficulty in emotion regulation in the posttest phase for MBSR, DBT, and control groups were 62.00±6.18, 61.60±6.95, and 72.20±6.84, respectively. The results indicated that the differences between MBSR and DBT groups with the control group were significant in terms of the scores for pathological worry and difficulty in emotion regulation of the university entrance exam applicants with depression symptoms in the posttest stage (P<0.001). Conclusion: MBSR and DBT can be recommended to school counselors as effective interventions to improve emotion regulation and pathological worry in university entrance exam applicants with depression symptoms.
Preceding crops changed greenhouse gases emission and carbon neutrality under maize-rice and double rice cropping systems

ABSTRACT Conversion from double rice cropping (RR) to maize-rice cropping (MR) have been occurring in recent years in Asia. However, effects on the environment by introducing maize into paddy still need more examination. The objective of this study was to assess differences in greenhouse gases emissions, carbon footprint and carbon neutrality between MR and RR cropping systems from 2016 to 2018. Results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) under MR cropping was 13.0 t CO2 eq ha−1, which was 20.0% higher than that of RR (10.8 t CO2 eq ha−1) due to its higher N2O emission. Although the GWP of MR increased, it significantly decreased carbon footprint by 17.3% in comparison with RR due to its higher gain yield. Simultaneously, MR had a substantial increase in net ecosystem economic efficiency by 62.5%. Nevertheless, carbon uptake was significantly higher in MR system, its carbon neutrality was lower than that of RR by 69.3% average. In conclusion, MR could be an effective sustainable cropping system with high yield and low carbon footprint in the subtropical regions. Considering the higher GWP of MR, further research is needed on appropriate agronomic practice to reduce carbon loss to realize higher carbon neutral potential.
INTERIM ANALYSIS FOR NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED OBSERVABLES

We address the problem of whether an experiment should be continued or aborted when N observations are in hand and a total of K > N have been scheduled for a decision. A Bayesian predictive approach is used to determine the probability that if one continued the trial with a further sample of size M where N + M > if one would come to a particular decision regarding some set of parameters. In particular, sampling from a multivariate normal distribution will be discussed.
Anxiety Screening among the General Population of Latvia and Associated Factors

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the point prevalence of at least mild anxiety symptoms and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the Latvian general population, and to analyze the associated factors. Materials and Methods: A computer-assisted face-to-face survey was conducted in 2019–2020 with a multistage stratified probability sample of the Latvian general adult population (n = 2687). Anxiety was assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale; a score of ≥5 was defined as indicating the presence of mild symptoms of anxiety, and a score of ≥10 as the cutoff for identifying cases of generalized anxiety disorder. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) modules were used for assessing comorbid conditions. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted. Results: The point prevalence of mild anxiety symptoms was 10.9%. The point prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms was 3.9%. Higher odds of mild anxiety symptoms were detected in respondents of a young age (vs. 65 y.o. and older, aOR 3.1, p < 0.001), unmarried respondents (vs. married/cohabiting, aOR 1.5, p = 0.02), those living in the capital city (aOR 1.6, p = 0.008) or rural areas (aOR 1.5, p = 0.03) (vs. other towns), respondents with poor self-rated health (vs. good, aOR 2.6, p < 0.001), and diagnosed alcohol use disorder (aOR 1.9, p < 0.001), suicidal behavior (aOR 2.4, p < 0.001), and symptoms of depression (aOR 6.4, p < 0.001) (vs. no such conditions). As for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, female sex (vs. males, aOR 2.5, p = 0.003), age below 44 years (vs. 65+, aOR 6.2, p = 0.002), average self-rated health (vs. good, aOR 2.6, p = 0.005), and poor self-rated health (vs. good, aOR 5.3, p < 0.001), together with comorbid suicidal behavior (aOR 6.1, p < 0.001) and symptoms of depression (aOR 43.4, p < 0.001) (vs. no such conditions), increased the odds. Conclusions: Young age, poor self-rated health, and comorbid symptoms of depression and suicidal behavior were significant factors associated with symptoms of both mild anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder. Being unmarried, living in the capital city or rural areas, and alcohol use disorder were associated with mild anxiety symptoms alone. Female sex was associated with generalized anxiety disorder symptoms alone.
Study on the Support System Mechanism of Entry Roof with Roof Cutting Pressure Releasing Gob-Side Entry Retaining Technology

To improve the technical system of the roof cutting pressure releasing gob-side entry retaining technology (RCPRGERT) and provide reference for the adaptive promotion and optimization of the new technology, the entry support system mechanism with RCPRGERT is studied in this paper. Firstly, the stress structure of the roof cutting short beam is analyzed by the mechanical theory analysis method. Then, taking 8304 working face of Tashan Coal Mine as an example, the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock in different entry retaining stages are simulated by numerical simulation, which provides an important reference for the field support design and puts forward an idea of hierarchical support. Finally, an engineering test is carried out in the experimental working face to verify the design of the retaining entry support, which obtains a well entry retaining effect. The research results in this study provide powerful theoretical and practical references for the promotion of RCPRGERT under similar geological conditions.