Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) when administered in early and advanced stages of retinoblastoma and correlation between treatment response, number of IAC sessions and association of other chemotherapeutic agents to melphalan. Methods: Comprehensive literature search of Pubmed and Cochrane Databases published between 2009 and 2019. Selection and analysis of studies were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The main outcome was defined as the number of enucleations in early and advanced stages of retinoblastoma, according to the ICIR Classification system. Other outcomes included the number of enucleations in eyes treated with melphalan and with association of other agents, association with the number of IAC sessions performed and reported main adverse events related to the chemotherapy. Results: From a total of 292 records obtained from the research algorithm, 41 retrospective case series were included. A statistically significant increase in the risk of enucleation was found in eyes with advanced stages of retinoblastoma (OR = 3.971; p < 0.001). The number of enucleation events was also independent from the number of IAC sessions performed, and the number of neutropenia events recorded during the IAC sessions. We did not find a statistically significant effect in the increased chance of enucleation of patients treated with an association of different agents (OR = 1.593; p = 0.408). Conclusion: Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of IAC. Advanced retinoblastomas appear to be safely and effectively managed increasing the number of IAC sessions and adding more than one agent to the IAC sessions.
Frequency distribution of lepidopteran-specific secretory genes in indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates recovered from diverse soil habitats of India

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an ubiquitous entomopathogenic bacterium present in almost all environments and predominantly in soils. It produces secretory toxins during its vegetative growth phase, in addition to other virulent factors. Among these secretory proteins, the Vip3 proteins have been reported to be effective against major lepidopteran pests of several agricultural crops, thus spurring identification of Bt isolates which produce Vip proteins in different laboratories world over. Therefore, screening of Bt isolates recovered from various soil habitats in India was carried out in this study to analyze the effect of type of soil on the distribution of vip3 genes. We have observed heterogeneous distribution (20%-100%) of vip3-type genes in Bt isolates, which may be due to ecological, topographical and nutritional conditions of soil. The overall frequency of occurrence of vip3-type genes was not significantly different in Bt isolates recovered from soil samples of cropped and non-cropped areas. However, isolates recovered from forest soil were the least abundant in vip3-type genes. We have found that our collection from various soil habitats is a rich source of vip3-type genes, which can be further explored for isolation of full length unique vip3-type genes having toxicity against agriculturally important lepidopteran insects for deployment in insect pest control.
The advantage of galectin-3 as a biomarker for ischemic heart disease in Iraqi obese patients

Obesity has an essential role in atherosclerosis due to its main causein the development of ischemic heart disease. Galectin-3 is serving as biomarker for ischemic heart disease which has arisen as an innovative biomarker of cardiovascular fibrosis and disease.The purpose of our study is to reveal the advantage of using Galectin-3 as a biomarker for the ischemic heart disease in Iraqi obese patients. This study consisted of seventy five individual, who were equally divided into three groups; healthy control (C) group, obese without IHD (P1) group, and obese with IHD (P2) group. Around 4 ml of venous blood was withdrawn from each participant for the purpose of measuring Galectin-3, hsCRP and several other biochemical parameters.Serum Galectin-3 showed a high significant increase in obese patients with IHD as well as those without IHD in comparison with healthy individuals. Moreover significant positive correlations were observed between Galectin-3 and BMI, FSI, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, and AIP in both patients groups. From the obvious correlation of Galectin-3 with BMI, lipid profile and AIP; Galectin-3 can be used as a biomarker for evaluation ischemic heart diseases in obese individuals, moreover it may consider as a predictor for the risk of heart failure among obese patients.
WORKING PAPER Sources of the Volatility Puzzle in the Crude Oil Market

A remarkable but unnoticed feature of the crude oil market is that the dramatic rise in oil price volatility over time has been accompanied by a substantial fall in oil production volatility. We investigate the reasons for this opposite evolution of both oil market variables. Our main finding is that the observed volatility puzzle can be rationalized by the fact that the price elasticities of both oil supply and oil demand have decreased considerably over time. This implies that small disturbances on either side of the oil market currently generate large price reactions but only modest quantity adjustments. We further document that the variance of innovations which shift oil demand and supply has even become smaller in the more recent past thereby mitigating oil price fluctuations. JEL classification: E31, E32, Q43
Constraint Acquisition Via Classiﬁcation

In constraint-based reasoning, the effort to bridge the gap between the current state-of-the-art and human-level Artificial Intelligence has been embodied in a long-standing challenge to address the “Holy Grail” of computer science: the user simply states a problem and the computer proceeds to solve it, without further programming. This in turn presents the challenge of automating the acquisition of a model of the problem in a form suitable for solving. Constraint acquisition methods can be used to acquire a model from examples of solutions and failures. However, in general they do not handle mixed data types, or very large, small or imbalanced datasets; they are susceptible to overfitting; and they are not designed to generate compact models. A two-step process — training a classifier to discriminate between solutions and failures, then transforming the trained classifier to a constraint model — can tackle these issues and opens up new application areas.
Real-Time Computer Vision-based System for Monitoring & Detecting Driver's Drowsiness & Fatigue

- Usually, Driver's eye vision during driving plays a vital role in order to avoid any kind of road accidents, which is a huge number these days in the society we all live in [25]. NCBI claims that the total number of road accidents was 464,910 in India, and it causes 405 deaths and 1,290 injuries daily from 1,274 accidents in our country. So, this is the main reason that the alertness of the drivers during driving is the primary matter of concern to our society. The drivers' attentiveness is affected due to many reasons, like getting a fatigue attack during driving or Alcohol consumption, etc. If such cases exist, there is a likely chance of the vehicle to meet with an accident. So, In, order to avoid such kinds of accidents on the road, there should be some internal safety devices inbuilt in the vehicles initially. These devices should be capable of alerting and protecting the vehicle from the accident by warning about the danger of the particular vehicle to a responsible person. So, the system is developed to determine the alertness of the Driver via an eye region of the specific person using CNN Machine learning algorithm and OpenCV models and deploying the Machine Learning model in a mobile application.
Towards Multi-Modal Entity Resolution for Product Matching

Entity Resolution has been applied successfully to match product oﬀers from diﬀerent web shops. Unfortunately, in certain domains the (textual or numerical) attributes of a product are not suﬃcient for a reliable match decision. To overcome this problem we extend an attribute-based matching system to incorporate image data, which are available in almost every web shop. To evaluate the system we enhance the WDC product matching dataset with images crawled from the web. First evaluations show that the use of images is beneﬁcial to increase recall and overall match quality.
Ecological Belief in a Just World: A Cross- Validation Study in a Turkish Sample

Examples of environmental injustice are widespread, and perceived injustice is an important predictor of environmental behaviour. However, the extent to which inequalities are perceived as just or unjust, as well as reactions towards the perception of injustice, vary among individuals. According to Lerner, individuals are motivated to believe in a just world in which people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Ecological belief in a just world (EBJW) was developed as a construct that is in line with this general belief in a just world (BJW). This belief indicates that the world is basically an ecologically just place in which people get what they deserve as far as ecological resources and demands are concerned. The aim of the present study is to cross-validate EBJW in a Turkish sample. Another aim is to test the predictive power of EBJW on environmentally relevant commitments along with established other constructs. The sample consists of 245 participants (Nfemale= 160, Nmale= 83, Nmissing= 2) aged from 15 to 69 years (M = 34.23; SD = 10.28). Overall, the variable pattern and the complex motivation structure involved in pro-environmental as well as environmentally risky commitment can be confirmed in the Turkish sample. The results reveal that EBJW qualifies as a predictor of pro-environmental as well as environmentally risky behavioural commitment. This successful cross-validation underpins the need to further investigate EBJW as a powerful and important construct within the field of environmental psychology. In line with the cross-validation of BJW, further validation studies of EBJW should be conducted in other countries. Moreover, as EBJW is a rather new construct, the mediating and moderating variables in its relations with environmental behaviour are waiting to be explored. Finally, its relations with other prominent constructs in environmental psychology such as social dominance orientation, value orientations, personality traits, and authoritarianism should be examined.
Enhanced Spam filtering Technique with Automatic Answering Kit for Filtering the Spam Mails

--Unsolicited commercial email or “spam” flood mailboxes, causing frustration, wasting bandwidth, and exposing minors to unsuitable content. This paper uses intelligent gatekeepers to interact with spam messages and system referenced in spam. The goal of this paper is to consume spam senders’ resources by engaging the spammer in appropriate gatekeepers. There are four gatekeepers have been implemented: Phishing gatekeeper, medicine gatekeeper, bank scam gatekeeper, and web form gatekeeper. This technique provides better results and it cannot deal with the image spam.
Synthesis and characterization of some new ruthenium (II) complexes as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells

New ruthenium (II) complexes, [Ru(DHZ) 2 (bpy)], [Ru(SCN) 2 (bpy)(DMSO) 2 ], [Ru(SCN) 2 (dmbpy)(DMSO) 2 ] and H 2 [RuCl 2 (salen)], where bpy = 2,2'- bipyridine, DHZ = 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone, dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2' bipyridine and salen = 2,2'- ethylenebis(nitrilomethylidene)diphenol were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermal analysis. From data of these investigations the structural formula and the mode of bonding were obtained. These complexes were successfully applied to sensitization of nano-crystalline TiO 2 based solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic efficiencies of the studied DSSCs increase in the following order [Ru(DHZ) 2 (bpy)]< [Ru(SCN) 2 (bpy)(DMSO) 2 ]< [Ru(SCN) 2 (dmbpy)(DMSO) 2 ]< H 2 [RuCl 2 (salen)]. This increase is in agreement with the light harvesting of these complexes as indicated from their absorption spectra. Ferrioxalate complex enhanced the performance of some investigated cells. Therefore, a mechanism of this improvement has been postulated. Polyaniline, as well as iodine doped polyaniline modified FTO electrode has been tested as promising counter electrodes. The efficiencies of the cells using iodine doped polyaniline is higher than that of polyaniline, which is assignable to the high conductivity of iodine. New ruthenium (II) complexes, [Ru(DHZ) 2 (bpy)], [Ru(SCN) 2 (bpy)(DMSO) 2 ], [Ru(SCN) 2 (dmbpy)(DMSO) 2 ] and H 2 [RuCl 2 (salen)], where bpy = 2,2'- bipyridine, DHZ = 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone, dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2' bipyridine and salen = 2,2'- ethylenebis(nitrilomethylidene)diphenol were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermal analysis. From data of these investigations the structural formula and the mode of bonding were obtained. These complexes were successfully applied to sensitization of nano-crystalline TiO 2 based solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic efficiencies of the studied DSSCs increase in the following order [Ru(DHZ) 2 (bpy)]< [Ru(SCN) 2 (bpy)(DMSO) 2 ]< [Ru(SCN) 2 (dmbpy)(DMSO) 2 ]< H 2 [RuCl 2 (salen)]. This increase is in agreement with the light harvesting of these complexes as indicated from their absorption spectra. Ferrioxalate complex enhanced the performance of some investigated cells. Therefore, a mechanism of this improvement has been postulated. Polyaniline as well as iodine doped polyaniline modified FTO electrode has been tested as promising counter electrodes. The efficiencies of the cells using iodine doped polyaniline is higher than that of polyaniline, which is assignable to the high conductivity of iodine.
University of Groningen Teachers' perceptions of behavioral problems in Dutch primary education pupils Wienen,

A growing number of studies suggest that relatively young behavior of pupils gives them a much greater likelihood of being diagnosed with a disorder such as ADHD. This ‘relative age effect’ has also been demonstrated for special educational needs, learning difficulties, being bullied, and so on. The current study investigated the relationship between relative age of pupils in primary education and teachers’ perception of their behavior. The study sample included 1973 pupils, aged between 6 and 12. Six linear mixed models were carried out with birth day in a year as predictor variable and ‘total problem score’, ‘problems with hyperactivity’, ‘behavioral problems’, ‘emotional problems’, ‘problems with peers’ and ‘pro-social behavior’ as dependent variables. Random intercepts were added for school and teacher level. Cluster-mean centering disaggregated between-school effects and within-school effects. We found no associations between relative age of pupils and teacher perceptions of their behavior. Several explanations are postulated to account for these findings which contradict prior studies on relative age effects.
Optimized One Dimensional-Ternary Pattern (1D-TP) for SMS Spam Feature Extraction

: Short Message Service (SMS) has become an important form of the mobile communication channel; their popularity is attributed to several conditions including low-cost sending, simple delivery mode and convenient usage. Feature extraction phase has been identified by researchers to be one of the major steps in the Spam SMS detection system. The extraction of features in SMS involves a process of reduction of an initial set of raw features into more manageable forms for processing. This paper employed a new One Dimensional Ternary Pattern (1D-TP) for SMS feature extraction while the simulated annealing was applied to optimize the extracted features. Experimental results showed a better objective function
Trade Credit and Profitability in Production Networks

Abstract We construct a sample of over 200,000 supply chains between 2003 and 2018 to conduct a chain-based analysis of trade credit. Our study uncovers novel stylized facts about trade credit both within and across supply chains. More upstream firms borrow more from suppliers, lend more to customers, and hold more net trade credit. This upstreamness effect in trade credit is weaker for more profitable firms and for longer chains. Firms in more central or more profitable chains provide more net trade credit. Our results are generally consistent with the recursive moral hazard theory of trade credit. Evidence for the financing advantage theory is mixed.
Impact of organic or conventional cultivation and drying method on phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamin C contents in tomato

Nowadays, organic foods are recognized for having a better nutritional quality than those from conventional agriculture, which explains the growing demand for organic vegetables. For the present research, three tomato cultivars, Mongal F1, Roma VF and F1 Cobra 26 were grown using conventional and organic methods, to assess the impact of cultivation practices and drying method on the micronutrient content of these cultivars. Samples were compared for micronutrient content of lycopene, β-carotene, flavonoids, vitamin C and total content of phenolic compounds using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results show a high antioxidant activity (5901.338 mmol TE/100g and 6020.545 mmol TE/100g) and a high content of total polyphenols (1595.046 mg EAG/100g DM) for organic growing. The average contents of flavonoids (121.572 mg/100g DM and 129.053 mg/100g DM), β-carotene (39.618 mg/100g DM and 39.751 mg/100g DM), lycopene (169.739 mg/100g DM and 168.894 mg/100g DM) and vitamin C (301.995 mg/100g and 268.252 mg/100g DM) in tomatoes from organic and conventional cultivation show no statistically significant difference. After drying, results report an increase of 188.88% of Flavonoids content (from 62.413 ± 47.285 for mashed tomato to 180.304 ± 72.152 for dried Tomato); a decrease of 34.60%, 27.18% and 47.95% respectively for β-carotene content (from 47.388 ± 1.615 mg /100g DM for mashed tomato to 30.988 ± 0.767 mg /100g DM for dried tomato), lycopene content (from 188.085 ± 7.100 mg/100g DM for mashed tomato to 136.955 ± 2.810mg/100g DM for tomato dried) and vitamin C content (from 385.686 ± 37.825 mg/100g for mashed tomato to 200.743 ± 14.181mg/100g DM for dried tomato). There is variability in the micronutrient content depending on the variety of tomato, the cultivation practice and the processing technique used. Organic cultivation practice improves the micronutrient content. Using gas dryers for drying has the most detrimental effects on the micronutrient content.
THE SAME BUT DIFFERENT-NOVICE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SOLVE A TEXTBOOK EXERCISE

The aim of this paper is to illustrate some aspects of he transition between secondary and tertiary studies in mathematics, based on an an alysis of a critical case of two students trying to solve a system of linear equatio ns with help from their teacher. In their conversation, different aspects of the transi tion appear, which both can be assigned to changes in the mathematical content and differences in the way mathematics should be regarded and communicated. St udents draw on a school mathematical discourse, while the teacher answers t hem within a scientific mathematical discourse. From a student perspective, mathematics studies at university compared to upper secondary school is ne ither more of the same, nor something brand new.
The loss of farmland trees and shrubs in western Poland in the 21st century assessed with the use of Google Maps

With the loss of natural and semi-natural habitats, the diversity and the amount of ecosystem services that can be provided in the agricultural landscape are diminishing, and self-regulatory abilities decrease. The aim of the research (72 sample plots, 1 × 1 km squares, mean time span equal to 8 years) was to recognise the changes in the number and length of woody (tree or shrub) linear landscape elements, and the number of solitary trees in Wielkopolska region to verify how rapid development of agriculture in Poland at the beginning of the 21st century affects the landscape structure. The analyses show a decline by 9.3% (from 2.17 to 1.97 km/km2) in length of woody linear elements, 7.4% (from 16.5 to 15.0 per km2) in number of woody linear elements, and 14.6% (from 28.8 to 24.4 per km2) in solitary trees. The loss was significantly faster in the period (2017–2018) of liberalisation of the regulations on tree and shrub removal, mainly due to a high rate of removal in plots located in residential areas. The decrease in length of woody linear elements occurred in all the categories of their location distinguished in the study (by 9–41% in a category). The highest loss occurred in the woody linear elements located along melioration ditches and water courses, along roads, and in the outskirt of towns. These changes are like those occurred in the 20th century in Western Europe. The decrease in the number of woody linear landscape elements and solitary trees can be considered an indicator of the unsustainable agriculture management.
The Effectiveness of Urban Forest in Absorbing CO2 Emission at Rajekwesi Type A Terminal

The terminal in Bojonegoro District is Rajekwesi Type A Terminal. It is located close to the CBD that has resulted in a decrease in environmental quality, due to gas emissions released by motor vehicles. The decrease in environmental quality can be overcome with an ecological approach, for example by creating or expanding green open spaces (urban forest). This study aimed to provide information about the capability of urban forest of the terminal to absorb CO2 emissions. This study began with a survey counting the number of motor vehicles at the gateway of the terminal on Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday for 24 hours. Then, the measurement of tree biomass was carried out using the nondestructive method. After the data was collected, the amount of CO2 emissions from motor vehicles was calculated by adding up CO2 emissionsin a stationary (idle) position when it was moving. The total CO2 emissions of motor vehicles at Rajekwesi Type A Terminal was 292.058,087 kgCO2/year. The amount of carbon sink (Wtc) of a tree was calculated by multiplying the total biomass (Wt) by the carbon concentration. The amount of Wtc at the urban forest of Rajekwesi Type A Terminal was 4.366,059 kg/year. After the amount of Wtc was found out, the amount of CO2 absorbed by the tree could be found out by multiplying Wtc by the conversion constant of the carbon (C) element to CO2 (3,67). The amount of CO2 absorbed by the trees at the urban forest of Rajekwesi Type A Terminal was 16.023,44 kgCO2/year. If they were compared, the absorption of CO2 was still much smaller than the emission rate. Thus, the function of the urban forest of terminal as an absorber of CO2 emissions was still not optimal.