Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-way Learnability: A Learning Theoretic Perspective on Three-way Decision

In this article we study the theoretical properties of Three-way Decision (TWD) based Machine Learning, from the perspective of Computational Learning Theory, as a first attempt to bridge the gap between Machine Learning theory and Uncertainty Representation theory. Drawing on the mathematical theory of orthopairs, we provide a generalization of the PAC learning framework to the TWD setting, and we use this framework to prove a generalization of the Fundamental Theorem of Statistical Learning. We then show, by means of our main result, a connection between TWD and selective prediction.
Time series prediction via new support vector machines

In this paper, we present new support vector machines - least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs). While standard SVMs solutions involve solving quadratic or linear programming problems, the least squares version of SVMs corresponds to solving a set of linear equations, due to equality instead of inequality constraints in the problem formulation. In LS-SVMs, the Mercer condition is still applicable. Hence several types of kernels such as polynomial, RBF's and MLP's can be used. Here we use LS-SVMs for time series prediction compared with radial basis function neural networks. We consider a noisy (Gaussian and uniform noise) Mackey-Glass time series. The results show that our least squares support vector machines are excellent for time series prediction even with high noise.
The Korea Cohort Consortium: The Future of Pooling Cohort Studies

Objectives We introduced the cohort studies included in the Korean Cohort Consortium (KCC), focusing on large-scale cohort studies established in Korea with a prolonged follow-up period. Moreover, we also provided projections of the follow-up and estimates of the sample size that would be necessary for big-data analyses based on pooling established cohort studies, including population-based genomic studies. Methods We mainly focused on the characteristics of individual cohort studies from the KCC. We developed “PROFAN”, a Shiny application for projecting the follow-up period to achieve a certain number of cases when pooling established cohort studies. As examples, we projected the follow-up periods for 5000 cases of gastric cancer, 2500 cases of prostate and breast cancer, and 500 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The sample sizes for sequencing-based analyses based on a 1:1 case-control study were also calculated. Results The KCC consisted of 8 individual cohort studies, of which 3 were community-based and 5 were health screening-based cohorts. The population-based cohort studies were mainly organized by Korean government agencies and research institutes. The projected follow-up period was at least 10 years to achieve 5000 cases based on a cohort of 0.5 million participants. The mean of the minimum to maximum sample sizes for performing sequencing analyses was 5917–72 102. Conclusions We propose an approach to establish a large-scale consortium based on the standardization and harmonization of existing cohort studies to obtain adequate statistical power with a sufficient sample size to analyze high-risk groups or rare cancer subtypes.
Simulation of and Experimental Research on Rivulet Model on Airfoil Surface

The occurrence of aircraft icing can significantly affect flight performance. One of the most important aspects in the study of anti-icing technology for aircraft is the distribution of overflow water. Owing to the external airflow pressure, shear stress, and surface tension, the water film breaks up to form steady rivulets. Experiments on NACA0012 airfoil surfaces were conducted based on an open straight-flow and low-speed wind tunnel. Simultaneously, an engineered three-dimensional rivulet model considering the surface roughness was established based on the energy-minimum principle. A comparison between the simulation and experimental results shows that the errors in the water film breakup location and the flow velocity of rivulets are less than 20%, and the errors in the spacing and width of rivulets are less than 40%. In addition, the effects of surface temperature and uniform roughness on water film breakup were investigated. Furthermore, the rivulet model was applied to the numerical calculation of the thermal performance of hot-air anti-icing systems. The simulations reveal that the uniform roughness of the wing surface causes the water film to break earlier. As the surface roughness increases, the thickness, spacing, and width of the rivulets increase, and the rivulet flow velocity decreases.
Renewable Energy, Urbanization, Fossil Fuel Consumption, and Economic Growth Dilemma in Romania: Examining the Short- and Long-Term Impact

The primary objective of this research was to determine the impact of renewable energy, alternative and nuclear energy, urbanization, energy use, and fossil fuel energy consumption on Romanian economic development. To investigate the relation between variables, we employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique in conjunction with FMOLS (Fully Modified Least Squares) and CCR (Canonical Cointegrating Regression). Long-run and short-run findings suggest that alternative and nuclear energy, as well as fossil fuel consumption, has a positive association with economic growth, but renewable energy, urbanization, and energy usage have an adversative relationship with economic growth. Similarly, FMOLS and CCR statistics indicate that alternative and nuclear energy and fossil fuel consumption have a favorable impact on economic development. Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, and energy use, on the other hand, revealed a negative connection with economic progress. Conservative solutions are necessary to implement appropriate policies to address energy consumption concerns in Romania in order to improve economic development.
A dynamic method for magnetic torque measurement

In a magnetic suspension system, accurate force measurement will result in better control performance in the test section, especially when a wider range of operation is required. Although many useful methods were developed to obtain the desired model, however, significant error is inevitable since the magnetic field distribution of the large-gap magnetic suspension system is extremely nonlinear. This paper proposed an easy approach to measure the magnetic torque of a magnetic suspension system using an angular photo encoder. Through the measurement of the velocity change data, the magnetic torque is converted. The proposed idea is described and implemented to obtain the desired data. It is useful to the calculation of a magnetic force in the magnetic suspension system.
Particle-In-Cell Modeling of Plasma-Based Accelerators in Two and Three Dimensions

In this dissertation, a fully object-oriented, fully relativistic, multi-dimensional Particle-In-Cell code was developed and applied to answer key questions in plasma-based accelerator research. The simulations increase the understanding of the processes in laser plasma and beam-plasma interaction, allow for comparison with experiments, and motivate the development of theoretical models. The simulations support the idea that the injection of electrons in a plasma wave by using a transversely propagating laser pulse is possible. The beam parameters of the injected electrons found in the simulations compare reasonably with beams produced by conventional methods and therefore laser injection is an interesting concept for future plasma-based accelerators. Simulations of the optical guiding of a laser wakefield driver in a parabolic plasma channel support the idea that electrons can be accelerated over distances much longer than the Rayleigh length in a channel. Simulations of plasma wakefield acceleration in the nonlinear blowout regime give a detailed picture of of the highly nonlinear processes involved. Using OSIRIS, we have also been able to perform full scale simulations of the E-157 experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. These simulations have aided the experimentalists and they have assisted in the development of a theoretical model that is able to reproduce some important aspects of the full PIC simulations. Update (2015): This dissertation was originally written in 2000. I am making it now available on arXiv with the hope that some its content might proof useful to the users of the OSIRIS code which has continued to be utilized by a number of research groups since it was originally written as part of the research presented in this dissertation.
Theory of angular Goos-H\"{a}nchen shift near Brewster incidence

We present here a compactly formulated application of the previously posted general formalism of the reflection of Gaussian beams at a dielectric interface ({arXiv:0710.1643v2 [physics.optics]}). Specifically, we calculate the Goos-H\"{a}nchen shift near Brewster incidence, for an air-glass plane interface.
Modelling an IT solution to anonymise selected data processed in digital documents

Allowing access to real legal documents is an important element both for the development of science and the judiciary. On the other hand, protecting information about citizens or organizations, that appear in these documents, is crucial and required by law. Therefore, before the documents are distributed, the data anonymisation process should be carried out. Unfortunately, there is no perfect tool that can automatically anonymise documents in such a way, that the main concept of the document is preserved; especially in the case of documents written in inflectional language. The aim of this article is to show how important (and at the same time how difficult) is the task to identify personal or corporate data of a client, as well as other related personal data in documents that are subject to legal protection. We conducted research aimed at assessing the usefulness of IT techniques as well as decision rules and patterns in the anonymisation of legal documents. A set of real legal documents written in Polish was used for the research in which we identified selected types of data that need to be anonymised. Eventually, the obtained results were assessed by field experts. Additionally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution, we conducted research on a set of 50,000 false identities with names, company names, addresses and other confidential information. The collection was created using Fake Name Generator1. The obtained results from both experiments confirmed that the solutions we proposed is accurate even in the case of real legal documents.
Efficient Distributed Multi-Task Schemes for mmWave MIMO Channel Estimation

In this study, the problem of sparse channel estimation is investigated with the employment of a fully distributed approach. We exploit the spatially joint sparsity structure of the involved channels to formulate the channel estimation problem in the angular domain. The devices collaboratively estimate their channel sparsity support sets before the local estimation of the channel values, assuming the existence of global and common support subsets. The combination of the proposed distributed scheme with the classical Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (SOMP) algorithm is called Weighted Distributed Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (WDiSOMP). The performance of WDiSOMP is assessed under a multi-task scheme considering a new weighted voting method. The new mechanism is applied at each support set index and enhances its estimation accuracy and, thus, the eventual estimation of the overall channel. The mean squared error (MSE) is utilized to derive the performance bounds and assess the efficacy of the WDiSOMP estimator. Finally, the performance and the theoretical findings are evaluated via the comparison of WDiSOMP with Distributed Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (DiSOMP), local SOMP, and a centralized approach based on Structured SOMP (SSOMP) in terms of the MSE.
High-temperature expansion of the one-loop free energy of a scalar field on a curved background

The complete form of the high-temperature expansion of the one-loop contribution to the free energy of a scalar field on a stationary gravitational background is derived. The explicit expressions for the divergent and finite parts of the high-temperature expansion in a three-dimensional space without boundaries are obtained. These formulas generalize the known one for the stationary spacetime. In particular, we confirm that for a massless conformal scalar field the leading correction to the Planck law proportional to the temperature squared turns out to be nonzero due to the nonstatic nature of the metric. The explicit expression for the so-called energy-time anomaly is found. The interrelation between this anomaly and the conformal (trace) anomaly is established. The natural simplest Lagrangian for the ``Killing vector field'' is given.
Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Multirelaying Energy Harvesting Scheme in Presence of Multiuser Cognitive Radio Network

This paper investigates the outage performance of secondary receiver with an energy harvesting cognitive radio network employing multiple full-duplex (FD) relaying protocol in presence of multi-user spectrum sharing environment. Under this energy harvesting aided FD relaying network scenario, adaptive transmit power policies for the secondary user (SU) source, secondary FD relays and exact outage probability of the secondary user are derived analytically in presence of multiple primary users and multiple secondary destinations. Impact of self interference at the receive antenna of each FD relay in addition to all the transmitting interference at all receive nodes is being addressed. A comparative study considering all the interference together in an FD relaying protocol with that of conventional half-duplex (HD) relaying protocol is carried out. With the same diversity order, a trade-off between FD multi-relay and multi-destination is shown. Closed form expressions of secondary outage probability for FD energy harvested relay equipped CR network has also been evaluated. Maintaining quality of service (QoS) of multiple primary users (PUs), power allocation strategies at each secondary transmitting node is taken care of. Finally, all the analytical closed form expressions have been validated through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Sex Estimation by Metric Analysis of the Angle of Mandible and the Mandibular Ramus: A Systematic Review

Sex estimation by metric analysis of the angle of mandible and the mandibular ramus: A systematic review. Int. J. Morphol. , :883-894, 2022. SUMMARY: Sex estimation is the first step in human identification. The mandibular ramus and the condyle have been widely used as indicators for sexual diagnosis because they are regions that undergo important morphological changes which increase sexual dimorphism. The object of the present study was to carry out a systematic review to determine the metric parameters of the mandibular ramus that present the greatest sexual dimorphism, and to sex estimation from the angle of mandible (MA). We included documents in English, Spanish and Portuguese which analysed sex estimation or sex diagnosis by metric analysis of the mandibular ramus in humans. The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, up to December 2020. The risks of bias were analysed using the AQUA tool. The search identified 538 studies. After exclusion of duplicates and irrelevant articles, 39 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Of these, 18 studies were carried out on dry mandibles and 21 by imaging techniques, totalling 7270 participants of 14 different nationalities. We found 14 sex-estimation parameters in the mandibular ramus, plus the MA. Sex estimation by the MA is variable; it is a good predictor only for some populations. The height of the mandibular ramus, the angle of mandible, the bicondylar angle and the height of the coronoid process were the estimation parameters cited in the greatest number of studies. The mandibular ramus presents great sexual dimorphism and can be used as a sex predictor in different populations. Although some parameters of the mandibular ramus can present accuracy of almost 80 % when analysed in isolation, more accurate sex estimation is achieved when the parameters are analysed in conjunction.
Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Heart Rate Variability and Cardio-Respiratory Synchronization: A Prospective Cohort Study

The objective was to assess the effects of prenatal yoga on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardio-respiratory synchronization, used as proxies of autonomic nervous system activity. Sixty-nine healthy pregnant women were included; 33 in a yoga group attending at least one 90-min yoga class weekly throughout pregnancy, and 36 controls not involved in formal pregnancy exercise programs. Measurements of the time domain (SDNN, standard deviation of regular R-R intervals, and RMSSD, square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals) and frequency domain (ln(LF/HF), natural logarithm of low-frequency to high-frequency power) HRV indices, as well as cardio-respiratory synchronization indexes were performed once per trimester before and after yoga or 30-min moderate-intensity walk. A statistical comparison was performed using a three-way analysis of the variance (p < 0.05 significant). Both the time domain and frequency domain HRV indices showed significant shifts towards parasympathetic dominance following yoga when compared to the controls throughout pregnancy (p = 0.002 for SDNN, p < 0.001 for RMSSD, and p = 0.006 for ln(LF/HF), respectively). There was a statistically non-significant trend towards higher synchronization between respiratory frequency and heart rate following yoga vs. controls (p = 0.057). Regular prenatal yoga was associated with enhanced parasympathetic activation persisting throughout pregnancy.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-MODULE SOFTWARE AND BIM-BASED BUILDING INTERIOR DESIGN

This research aims to develop e-module for Software and Building Interior Design subjects based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) using the ArchiCAD software. The method used was the research and development method (R&D) from Thiagarajan which has 4 stages, namely define, design, develop, and dissemination. The data analysis technique uses instruments for expert appraisal. The developmental testing of e-module is used to determine the effectiveness of using e-modules software and BIM-based building interior design by users. This test was carried out by two selected schools, which consisted of 52 students. The results shows percentage of material expert validation obtained was 89% and the percentage of media expert validation was 84.58% and the effectiveness of the e-module reaches 0,84 in the n-gain score and 90.4%, which means the e-module are very feasible and can be used in the learning process of Software and Building Interior Design subjects.
The cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback to z = 1

This paper presents the first measurement of the radio luminosity function of 'jet-mode' (radiatively-inefficient) radio-AGN out to z=1, in order to investigate the cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback. Eight radio source samples are combined to produce a catalogue of 211 radio-loud AGN with 0.5<z<1.0, which are spectroscopically classified into jet-mode and radiative-mode (radiatively-efficient) AGN classes. Comparing with large samples of local radio-AGN from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the cosmic evolution of the radio luminosity function of each radio-AGN class is independently derived. Radiative-mode radio-AGN show an order of magnitude increase in space density out to z~1 at all luminosities, consistent with these AGN being fuelled by cold gas. In contrast, the space density of jet-mode radio-AGN decreases with increasing redshift at low radio luminosities (L_1.4 < 1e24 W/Hz) but increases at higher radio luminosities. Simple models are developed to explain the observed evolution. In the best-fitting models, the characteristic space density of jet-mode AGN declines with redshift in accordance with the declining space density of massive quiescent galaxies, which fuel them via cooling of gas in their hot haloes. A time delay of 1.5-2 Gyr may be present between the quenching of star formation and the onset of jet-mode radio-AGN activity. The behaviour at higher radio luminosities can be explained either by an increasing characteristic luminosity of jet-mode radio-AGN activity with redshift (roughly as (1+z) cubed) or if the jet-mode radio-AGN population also includes some contribution of cold-gas-fuelled sources seen at a time when their accretion rate was low. Higher redshifts measurements would distinguish between these possibilities.
Designing decisive detections

We present a general Bayesian formalism for the definition of figures of merit (FoMs) quantifying the scientific return of a future experiment. We introduce two new FoMs for future experiments based on their model selection capabilities, called the decisiveness of the experiment and the expected strength of evidence. We illustrate these by considering dark energy probes and compare the relative merits of stages II, III and IV dark energy probes. We find that probes based on supernovae and on weak lensing perform rather better on model selection tasks than is indicated by their Fisher matrix FoM as defined by the Dark Energy Task Force. We argue that our ability to optimize future experiments for dark energy model selection goals is limited by our current uncertainty over the models and their parameters, which is ignored in the usual Fisher matrix forecasts. Our approach gives a more realistic assessment of the capabilities of future probes and can be applied in a variety of situations.
On the white dwarf cooling sequence with extremely large telescopes

We present new diagnostics of white dwarf (WD) cooling sequences and luminosity functions (LFs) in the near-infrared (NIR) bands that will exploit the sensitivity and resolution of future e xtremely large telescopes. The collision-induced absorption (CIA) of molecular hydrogen causes a clearly defined blue turn-o ff along the WD (WDBTO) cooling sequences and a bright secondary maximum in the WD LFs. These features are independent of age over a broad age range and are minimally affected by metal abundance. This means that the NIR magnitudes of the WDBTO are very promising distance indicators. The interplay between the cooling time of progressively more massive WDs and the onset of CIA causes a red turn-off along the WD (WDRTO) cooling sequences and a well defined faint peak in the WD LFs. These features are very sensi tive to the cluster age, and indeed the K-band magnitude of the faint peak increases by 0.2‐0.25 mag/Gyr for ages between 10 and 14 Gyr. On the other hand, the faint peak in the optical WD LF increases in the same age range by 0.17 (V band) and 0.15 (I band) mag/Gyr. Moreover, we also suggest to use the difference in magnitude between the main sequence turn-off and either the WDBTO (optical) or the WDRTO (NIR). This age diagnostic is also independent of distance and reddening. Once again the sensitivity in the K band (0.15-0.20 mag/Gyr) is on average a factor of two higher than in the optical bands (0.10 [V band], 0.07 [I band] mag/Gyr). Finally, we also outline the use of the new diagnostics to constrain the CO phase separation upon crystallization.