Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adintoviruses: An Animal-Tropic Family of Midsize Eukaryotic Linear dsDNA (MELD) Viruses

Polintons (also known as Mavericks) were initially identified as a widespread class of eukaryotic transposons named for their hallmark type B DNA polymerase and retrovirus-like integrase genes. It has since been recognized that many polintons encode possible capsid proteins and viral genome-packaging ATPases similar to those of a diverse range of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses. This supports the inference that at least some polintons are viruses that remain capable of cell-to-cell spread. At present, there are no polinton-associated capsid protein genes annotated in public sequence databases. To rectify this deficiency, we used a data-mining approach to investigate the distribution and gene content of polinton-like elements and related DNA viruses in animal genomic and metagenomic sequence datasets. The results define a discrete family-like clade of animal-specific viruses with two genus-level divisions. We suggest the family name Adintoviridae, connoting similarities to adenovirus virion proteins and the presence of a retrovirus-like integrase gene. Although adintovirus-class PolB sequences were detected in datasets for fungi and various unicellular eukaryotes, sequences resembling adintovirus virion proteins and accessory genes appear to be restricted to animals. Degraded adintovirus sequences are endogenized into the germlines of a wide range of animals, including humans.
The gas disengagement technique for studying gas holdup structure in bubble columns

By recording the drop in dispersion height after stopping the gas supply, the fractions of large and small bubbles, the respective swarm rise velocities, and the contributions to the overall gas flow can be determined. Some problems of the analysis are discussed in detail. The efficiency of the technique is demonstrated for the results obtained with two different gas distributors in a bubble column of 30 cm diameter. Il est possible de determiner les fractions respectives des petites et des grosses bulles, les vitesses d'ascension de leurs populations respectives ainsi que les contributions a l'ecoulement global du gaz, en mesurant la chute de la hauteur de dispersion apres l'arrět de l'alimentation du gaz. Certains problemes rencontres lors de l'analyse sont discutes en detail. L'efficacite de la technique est illustree pour les resultats obtenus avec deux distributeurs de gaz differents dans une colonne a bulles de 30 cm de diametre.
Mini-Tablets versus Nanoparticles for Controlling the Release of Amoxicillin: In vitro/In vivo Study

Introduction Controlling the drug release from the dosage form at a definite rate is the main challenge for a successful oral controlled-release drug delivery system. In this study, mini-tablets (MTs) and lipid/polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) of lipid polymer and chitosan in different ratios were designed to encapsulate and control the release time of Amoxicillin (AMX). Methods Physical characteristics and in vitro release profiles of both MT and LPN formulations were studied. Antimicrobial activity and oral pharmacokinetics of the optimum MT and LPN formulations in comparison to market tablet were studied in rats. Results All designed formulations of AMX as MTs and LPNs showed accepted characteristics. MT-6 (Compritol/Chitosan 1:1) showed the greatest retardation among all prepared minitablet preparations, releasing about 79.5% of AMX over 8 h. In contrast, LPN-11 (AMX: Cr 1:3/Chitosan 1 mg/mL) had the slowest drug release, revealing the sustained release of 80.9% within 8 h. The MIC of both optimized tablet formula (MT-6) and LPNs formula (LPN-11) was around two-fold lower than the control against H. pylori. The Cmax of MT-6 and LPN11 were non significantly different compared with the marketed AMX product. While the bioavailability experiment proved that the relative bioavailability of the AMX was 1.85 and 1.8 after the oral use of LPN11 and MT-6, respectively, compared to the market tablet. Conclusion The results verified that both controlled-release mini-tablets and lipid/polymer nanoparticles can be used for sustaining the release and hence improve the bioavailability of amoxicillin.
Causes, Nature and Toxicology of Fentanyl-Associated Deaths: A Systematic Review of Deaths Reported in Peer-Reviewed Literature

Purpose Fentanyl poisoning has been widely reported, yet there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the nature and toxicology of associated deaths in the published literature. This article aims to systematically review the nature, causes, routes of administration and toxicology of fentanyl-associated deaths using case studies and case series in peer-reviewed published literature. Methods Four electronic databases including Embase, Medline (via Ovid), Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from inception until October 2019 to identify the studies reporting fentanyl related deaths. Two independent reviewers screened and selected the titles and then evaluated the full texts. Only case studies and case series were included. A structured data extraction tool was used to extract data on the number of deaths, routes of administration, concomitant drug use and toxicological data. The Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Data were synthesized narratively. Results Of 1251 articles identified during initial search, 8 case reports and 9 case series met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1969 deaths were reported in the included studies. Deaths were concentrated in the north American region (n = 1946) and the Nordic region (n = 22). Reported causes of death included fentanyl overdose (n = 321, 56.4%), mixed drug toxicity (n = 196, 34.5%), natural (n = 28, 4.9%), other drug toxicity (n = 10, 1.8%), fentanyl and ethanol intoxication (n = 8, 1.4%), incidental (n = 5, <1%) and aspiration (n = 1). Most common routes of use were intravenous (70.5%) and transdermal routes (23.0%). Deaths came swiftly via the intravenous route. Mean level of blood fentanyl amongst all reported deaths was 0.024 µg/mL. Conclusion Literature related to fentanyl-associated deaths predominantly come from North America. Deaths are comparatively lower or not reported in peer-reviewed publications from the rest of the world. Abuse through intravenous administration, mixed drug toxicities and self-treatment of breakthrough pain are mainly responsible for majority of the reported deaths.
Reducing sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity in the workplace: protocol for a review of systematic reviews

Background and objective Increasing rates of urbanisation have been accompanied by higher levels of sedentary behaviour (SB) and reduced physical activity (PA) worldwide. While physical inactivity has long been identified as a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality, increased concerns about the detrimental associations between SB and health has led to the development of many interventions aimed at reducing SB and/or promoting PA. Due to the prominence of sedentary time spent at work, the workplace has been identified as a key setting to implement such interventions. Building an evidence base of effective strategies to reduce SB and/or promote PA at work is needed to help reduce the health risks faced by many employees. Methods and analysis We aim to conduct a review of reviews (RoR) to identify, evaluate and synthesise all systematic reviews (SRs) of workplace interventions aimed at reducing SB and/or promoting PA among adults. Systematic searches for relevant SRs will be conducted in six databases: Cochrane Systematic Review Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature through EBSCOhost, EMBASE, PubMed including MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Selection for final inclusion and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. SRs will be included if they assessed interventions aimed at reducing SB or promoting PA in the workplace, and if they report on changes in the respective behavioural outcomes in the occupational domain. Discussion This RoR will be valuable to policy-makers and employers who are looking for strategies to promote health at work. This will also allow potential research gaps to be identified, so that the design of future studies can be better informed. Trial registeration This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42020171774).
Raspberry‐like Gold Microspheres: Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization

A straightforward method to synthesize quasi‐monodisperse gold microspheres from a commercial gold plating solution is reported. The size and the surface roughness of the obtained particles can easily be tuned. In particular, raspberry‐like particles with a high active surface area are obtained. The microspheres are assembled on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes using the layer‐by‐layer technique and the overall electroactive surface area is increased, as characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The as‐prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry, and light microscopy.
Novel Deep Learning Technique Used in Management and Discharge of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in China

Purpose The low sensitivity and false-negative results of nucleic acid testing greatly affect its performance in diagnosing and discharging patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Chest computed tomography (CT)-based evaluation of pneumonia may indicate a need for isolation. Therefore, this radiologic modality plays an important role in managing patients with suspected COVID-19. Meanwhile, deep learning (DL) technology has been successful in detecting various imaging features of chest CT. This study applied a novel DL technique to standardize the discharge criteria of COVID-19 patients with consecutive negative respiratory pathogen nucleic acid test results at a “square cabin” hospital. Patients and Methods DL was used to evaluate the chest CT scans of 270 hospitalized COVID-19 patients who had two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests (sampling interval >1 day). The CT scans evaluated were obtained after the patients’ second negative test result. The standard criterion determined by DL for patient discharge was a total volume ratio of lesion to lung <50%. Results The mean number of days between hospitalization and DL was 14.3 (± 2.4). The average intersection over union was 0.7894. Two hundred and thirteen (78.9%) patients exhibited pneumonia, of whom 54.0% (115/213) had mild interstitial fibrosis. Twenty-one, 33, and 4 cases exhibited vascular enlargement, pleural thickening, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, respectively. Of the latter, 18.8% (40/213) had a total volume ratio of lesions to lung ≥50% according to our severity scale and were monitored continuously in the hospital. Three cases had a positive follow-up nucleic acid test during hospitalization. None of the 230 discharged cases later tested positive or exhibited pneumonia progression. Conclusion The novel DL enables the accurate management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and can help avoid cluster transmission or exacerbation in patients with false-negative acid test.
Menu Choice: Satisfaction or Overload?

Two series of menus were prepared in the styles of quick service and fine dining restaurants, respectively. The menus in each series differed only in the number of choices offered under each menu category. Members of the public attending two university open days rated the menus using a 9-point scale, from 1 = far too little choice, 5 = about right, to 9 = far too much choice. A total of 202 and 241 respondents completed the fine dining and quick service questionnaires, respectively. Results showed significant differences in perception between number of choices, an ideal rating of 6 choices for the quick service items and of 7–10 for fine dining items. This corresponds well with what has previously been found for retail food products but opens further questions about customers' expectations and the nature of choice.
Book-to-Market, Mispricing, and the Cross-Section of Corporate Bond Returns

We study the role played by “bond book-to-market” ratios in U.S. corporate bond pricing. Controlling for numerous risk factors tied to default and priced asset risk, including yield-to-maturity, we find that the ratio of a corporate bond’s book value to its market price strongly predicts the bond’s future return. The quintile of bonds with the highest book-to-market ratios outperforms the quintile with the lowest ratios by more than 3% per year, other things equal. Additional evidence on signal delay, scope of signal efficacy, and factor risk rejects the thesis that the corporate bond market is perfectly informationally efficient, although significant positive alpha spreads are erased by transaction costs.
Recent Developments in the NIST Atomic Databases

New versions of the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD, v. 4.0) and three bibliographic databases (Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra, v. 2.0, Atomic Transition Probabilities, v. 9.0, and Atomic Line Broadening and Shapes, v. 3.0) have recently been released. In this contribution I will describe the main changes in the way users get the data through the Web. The contents of ASD have been significantly extended. In particular, the data on highly ionized tungsten (W III–LXXIV) have been added from a recently published NIST compilation. The tables for Fe I and Fe II have been replaced with newer, much more extensive lists (10000 lines for Fe I). The other updated or new spectra include H, D, T, He I–II, Li I–III, Be I–IV, B I–V, C I–II, N I–II, O I–II, Na I–X, K I–XIX, and Hg I. The new version of ASD now incorporates data on isotopes of several elements. I will describe some of the issues the NIST ASD Team faces when updating the data.
Monitoring of the cluster growth in the colloidal suspension using a diffusive-wave spectroscopic technique

The dynamic light scattering has been a powerful tool in measuring the size of a cluster produced by particle aggregation. This technique can be applied to only tenuous or diluted media since it has been developed on the basis of the single scattering theory. In the recent years, in situ monitoring of the aggregation process in dense scattering media has been needed in the biological diagnostics and chemical industry. We investigate a temporal autocorrelation function of light scattered multiply from aggregated particles in dense colloidal suspensions. In the experiments, the particle distribution was controlled by adding the NaCl solution to the colloidal suspension of polystyrene latex beads at 10% volume fraction. It is shown that the temporal autocorrelation function is composed from the contributions of single and multiple scatterings of light. The relaxation time of the temporal autocorrelation function increases as the aggregation of particles progresses and, therefore, its variation is related with the growth of clusters. Moreover, we estimate the number of particles included inside one cluster using the decreasing rate of the temporal autocorrelation function of the single or the multiply scattered light. As a result, the components of single and multiple scatterings of light are available for the measurements of the clusters composed from a few particles and of many particles, respectively.
Adsorption of Toxic Metal Ions onto Silica with Covalently Bound 8-Hydroxyquinoline

8-Hydroxyquinoline covalently bound to silica via a one-stage Mannich reaction was used as an adsorbent for the pre-concentration of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Mo(VI) ions from aqueous solutions in the dynamic mode following determination of their concentrations by X-ray fluorescence methods. The adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Mo(VI) ions was studied from individual and complex multi-component solutions of both natural and technogenic origins. Peculiarities associated with the simultaneous X-ray fluorescence determination of mixtures of toxic metal ions in a solid matrix are discussed.
Neohesperidin Ameliorates Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Inhibiting the Histone Modification of lncRNA HOTAIR

Background Neohesperidin (NH) and lncRNA HOTAIR (HOTAIR) could regulate osteoclastic and osteogenic differentiation. This study aimed to explore whether HOTAIR-mediated osteogenic differentiation was regulated by NH. Methods Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) mice model was established. Histopathological changes in mouse osteonecrosis tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated from healthy mice bone marrow samples by Ficoll density gradient and identified by flow cytometry. After treating the BMSCs with NH and dexamethasone or transfecting with HOTAIR overexpression plasmids and siHOTAIR, histone modification of HOTAIR, the cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and adipogenic differentiation were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation, MTT, Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining, respectively. The expressions of HOTAIR and differentiation-related factors in the BMSCs were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results HOTAIR was highly expressed in SONFH model mice. NH ameliorated histopathological changes in the model mice, but the effect was reversed by overexpressed HOTAIR. NH increased viability of BMSCs and the H3K27me3 occupancy of HOTAIR, but decreased the expression and the H3K4me3 occupancy of HOTAIR. HOTAIR expression was down-regulated in BMSCs after osteogenic differentiation but was up-regulated after adipogenic differentiation. HOTAIR overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation and the expressions of RUNX2, OCN, and ALP, but increased adipogenic differentiation and the expressions of LPL and PPARr in BMSCs; moreover, the opposite results were observed in siHOTAIR. Conclusion NH ameliorated SONFH by inhibiting the histone modifications of HOTAIR.
Anodic Growth of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays to 134 μm in Length

Described is the fabrication of self-aligned highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays by potentiostatic anodization of Ti foil having lengths up to 134 μm, representing well over an order of magnitude increase in length thus far reported. We have achieved the very long nanotube arrays in fluoride ion containing baths in combination with a variety of nonaqueous organic polar electrolytes including dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, and N-methylformamide. Depending on the anodization voltage, pore diameters of the resulting nanotube arrays range from 20 to 150 nm. Our longest nanotube arrays yield a roughness factor of 4750 and length-to-width (outer diameter) aspect ratio of ≈835. The as-prepared nanotubes are amorphous but crystallize with annealing at elevated temperatures. In initial measurements, 45 μm long nanotube-array samples, 550 °C annealed, under UV illumination show a remarkable water photoelectrolysis photoconversion efficiency of 16.25%.
An unusual cause of acute abdomen in children: Mesenteric pseudocyst in the ileum

Karin ici kistler ve psodokistler nadir lezyonlardir. Pediatrik yas grubundaki mezenterik kistler erkeklerde [%62,5] daha sik gorulur ve cogu vaka 10 yasindan kucuktur. Mezenterik kistler siklikla asemptomatiktir. Cikarildiktan sonra mezenterik kistler nadiren tekrarlar ve hastalar iyi bir prognoza sahiptir. Tedavide en sik uygulanan cerrahi islem laparotomi sirasinda eksizyondur. 11 yasindaki erkek cocugunda akut karin klinik tablosunu olusturan nadir gorulen ileum mezenter kist olgusuna uyguladigimiz cerrahi yontemi literatur esliginde sunuyoruz.
Absence of Integrase Inhibitor-Associated Resistance Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Adults in Guangdong Province, China, in 2018

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) plus two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors has been recommended as a first-line regimen for ART-naïve HIV-1-infected patients in the latest Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Objective To determine the prevalence of INSTI-related mutations among ART-naïve HIV-1-infected adults in Guangdong, China, in 2018. Methods The entire integrase gene was amplified from blood plasma. Demographic and epidemiological information was collected. INSTI mutations and antiretroviral susceptibility were interpreted using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database HIVdb program. Results Of 927 samples, 827 integrase sequences were successfully obtained. Among them, no major resistance mutations to INSTIs were identified, and four accessory mutations, including T97A (0.12%, 1/827), A128T (0.24%, 2/827), E157Q (0.85%, 7/827), and G163R (0.24%, 2/827), were found in twelve individuals. Two patient samples contained the G163R mutation conferring low-level resistance to elvitegravir and raltegravir. Conclusion The overall prevalence of INSTI mutations remains low. Drug resistance mutation testing for the detection of INSTI drug resistance mutations in HIV treatment-naïve patients should be considered due to the circulation of polymorphisms contributing to INSTI resistance and the expected increasing use of this class of drugs.
Plasma enhanced selective area microcrystalline silicon deposition on hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Surface modification for controlled nucleation

Selective deposition of μc-Si on hydrogenated amorphous silicon is demonstrated using time-modulated silane reactant flow in a low temperature plasma enhanced process. Alternating cycles of thin silicon layer deposition and atomic hydrogen exposure result in silicon layers on receptive surfaces, with no net deposition on nonreceptive areas of the substrate. Selective deposition could be useful to form self-aligned contacts in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H transistor applications. However, a problem commonly observed in low temperature selective deposition is that the selective process tends to etch amorphous silicon, harming the devices. We describe a technique involving Mo metallization that stabilizes the a-Si:H surface with respect to hydrogen plasma exposure and allows selective μc-Si deposition on a-Si:H in device structures, while avoiding deposition on the top SiNx insulator material. Surfaces and subsequent selective nucleation and growth were characterized using atomic force microscopy, .
An improved modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation in electric-double-layer theory

A more accurate fluctuation potential problem is considered in the modified Poisson–Boltzmann theory. Numerical solutions of the resulting new equation are compared with those of the previous theory and 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 2 : 2 Monte Carlo calculations. The new modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation is found to be much more successful in predicting the Monte Carlo results, especially for the higher-valency electrolytes.