Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation of FSK laser spectra and of FSK-to-ASK conversion

The performance of binary frequency shift keyed (FSK) modulated two-segment semiconductor injection lasers is simulated by generating a 64-b pseudorandom step-function bit pattern. This signal, superimposed on a DC bias, is used to drive a two-segment distributed feedback (DFB) laser. To obtain the optical laser spectrum, the input signal is passed through the laser's small-signal transfer function. The resulting spectrum is passed through a Fabry-Perot filter that rejects one of the two principal peaks of the wide-deviation optical spectrum and converts the FSK modulation to amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation. This simulation determines how different system parameters influence the performance of a laser system used for signal transmission by means of FSK-to-ASK conversion. >
Simulation of Enriched Air-Steam Biomass Gasification in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier

A model was developed for the enriched air-steam biomass gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier using Aspen Plus. Restricted equilibrium method was used to eliminate the deviation caused by the diffusion effect of gas-particle. The model has been divided into three stages (drying and pyrolysis, partial combustion and gasification) for predicting the gasifier performance. Simulation results for gas composition, carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency versus oxygen percentage and steam to biomass ratio (S/B) were compared with the experimental results. Higher oxygen percentage improves the gasification process, increases the production of H2 and CO and results in better gasification efficiency. With increasing oxygen percentage, the production of CO2 and CH4 show decreasing trends. Steam injection enhances the H2 and CO2 production but decreases CO and CH4 production. Carbon conversion presents a slight decrease trend over the S/B range, while cold gas efficiency is first constant and then decreased.
Drawing the line: Computer-Aided Design and the organisation of the drawing office

Draughtsmen could until recently legitimately be seen as a ‘white-collar craft’ group. This article examines the degree to which Computer-Aided Design is fragmenting the cohesiveness of the drawing office, and thus threatening to undermine the craft control which has been the basis of the strength of the union, AUEW/TASS.
Airfield pavement deterioration assessment using stress-dependent neural network models

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach was employed to backcalculate the asphalt concrete and non-linear stress-dependent subgrade moduli from non-destructive test (NDT) data acquired at the Federal Aviation Administration's National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) during full-scale traffic testing. The ANN models were trained with results from an axisymmetric finite element pavement structural model. Using the ANN-predicted moduli based on the NDT test results, the relative severity effects of simulated Boeing 777 (B777) and Boeing 747 (B747) aircraft gear trafficking on the structural deterioration of NAPTF flexible pavement test sections were characterized. The results indicate the potential of using lower force amplitude NDT test data for routine airport pavement structural evaluation, as long as they generate sufficient deflections for reliable data acquisition. Therefore, NDT tests that employ force amplitudes at prototypical aircraft loading may not be necessary to evaluate airport pavements.
Sterilization of Escherichia coli Based on Nd: YAG Resonator with a Pulsed Xenon Flashlamp

Sterilization of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is examined using a unique pulsed ultra-violet (UV) elliptical reactor based on Nd:YAG laser resonator, UV radiation from a pulsed xenon flashlamp. The light from the discharge has a broadband emission spectrum extending from the UV to the infrared region with a rich UV contained. Sterilization method by using the UV light is fast, environmentfriendly and it does not cause secondary pollution. A Nd:YAG laser resonator having elliptical shape has advantage of concentrating the radiation of the UV light at two foci as the quart sleeve filled with E. coli. The primary objective of this research is to determine the important parameters such as pulse per second (pps), the applied voltage for sterilizing E. coli by using an UV elliptical reactor. From the experiment result, the sterilization effect of UV elliptical reactor is better than that of UV cylindrical reactor, and it can be 99.9% of sterilization at 800V regardless of the pps within 10 minutes.
Application of the defected microstrip structure as a tuning technique for rectangular printed antennas

The present work establishes the use of the defected microstrip structure (DMS) as a novel method of tuning the central frequency of rectangular printed antennas. The error obtained from the predicted operating frequency and the measured one is less than 4%, without degrading the VSWR, radiation pattern, and antenna gain. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 370–373, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21352
Parametric Study and Thickness Evaluation of Photoresist Development for the Formation of Microgap Electrodes Using Surface Nanoprofiler

A compact nanolaboratory on single chip is one of the challenging tasks for future reproductively of sensitive and selective lab-on-chip. This paper reports a simple and controllable technique for patterning microgap structures on (PR-1 2000A) positive photoresist. For the pattern transformation conventional lithography technique was used integrated with precise resolution mask namely chrome mask. This technique provides an especially simple method for the formation of micro features sizes of gaps onto the photoresist. The thickness of developed microgap structures on photoresist directly relates with the coating speed of spin coater.
Analysis and optimization of a uniform long wire and driver

An analytical delay model of a uniform wire and driver, based on a combination of a switch-level model and Elmore delay is developed for the on-chip interconnections. The model is utilized for the optimization of delay, power, area, or combinations thereof, subject to different constraints. A linear relation between wire width and transistor widths is proposed, which leads to closed-form solutions to the optimization problems. These solutions are valid also for a multistage uniform wire and driver and are easily used in practical design. The solutions are compared to SPICE simulated results, using practical process parameters. Results show that the root of mean square (rms) errors of delay and power between SPICE simulation and the proposed method are around 3%.
Wide dynamic range linear-logarithmic CMOS image sensor using photogate and cascode MOSFET

A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor is proposed, exhibiting a linear response at a low illumination level and a logarithmic response at a high illumination level. To maintain high sensitivity and to improve the dynamic range of the proposed pixel, a cascode MOSFET is integrated into the structure of the proposed pixel, along with a photogate. The applied photogate voltage reduces the sensitivity of the proposed pixel under the linear response regime, at a moderate illumination level. Under high illumination levels, the biased cascode MOSFET serves as a voltage-light-dependent active load and is responsible for logarithmic operation. The dynamic range of the proposed pixel can be improved by adjusting the sensitivity and the basis of the logarithmic response.
Influence of Obesity on Heart Rate Variability in Nurses with Age and Shift Type as Moderators

Obesity is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease-related mortality and may be associated with changes in the autonomic nerve activity. Nurses working shifts and caring for patients are under great mental and physical pressure, and research has proven that these can negatively affect the body. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of obesity in nurses on their heart rate variability (HRV) and determine whether age or shift type moderates this influence. A questionnaire survey and HRV measurements were conducted on nurses at a hospital in Taiwan during a routine employee health checkup. HRV analysis was conducted using a noninvasive HRV monitor for five minutes. A total of 242 nurses with a mean age of 28.98 ± 6.56 years were enrolled in this study. An overly large waist circumference (WC) had a negative impact on high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and standard deviation of normal-to-normal interval (SDNN), while an overly high body mass index (BMI) had a negative impact on very low frequency (VLF) and SDNN. The interaction term “overly large WC × age” had a negative impact on HF (β = −0.21, p = 0.010) and LF (β = −0.18, p = 0.030), whereas the interaction term “overly high BMI×age” had a negative impact on HF (β = −0.27, p = 0.001), LF (β = −0.19, p = 0.023), and VLF (β = −0.17, p = 0.045). The interaction terms “overly large WC × shift type” and “overly high BMI × shift type” did not influence any HRV parameters. As age increased, so did the degree to which the HF and LF of nurses with an overly large WC were lower than normal, and so did the degree to which the HF, LF, and VLF of nurses with an overly high BMI were lower than normal.
Evaluation of engineering properties and economic advantages of WMA using local materials

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a technology applied to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures thereby reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas production in asphalt industries. In this study, the effects of different Sasobit® contents on WMA is investigated using local materials and asphalt mix specifications in Malaysia. The volumetric analysis and mix design results show that Sasobit® contents has no significant effects on the optimum binder content. Statistical analysis showed that the resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength are highly correlated between Sasobit® contents, aging states, test and mixing temperatures. The samples were mixed and compacted at 150 and 145°C incorporating 1.5 and 3% Sasobit® content, respectively, exhibit higher ITS and resilient modulus compared to control samples. In other words, these mixing and compacting temperatures can contribute to energy savings by as much as 8.2 and 12.0%, respectively. © 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Solving Stance Detection on Tweets as Multi-domain and Multi-task Text Classification

Stance detection on tweets aims at classifying the attitude of tweets towards given targets. Existing work leverage attention-based models to learn target-aware stance representations. While those methods achieve substantial success, most of them usually train a model for each target separately despite the scarcity of annotated data for each target. To alleviate limitation of annotated data, some methods turn to external linguistic resources, additional sentiment annotations or target-aware data augmentation techniques for better detection results. We argue that the sharedness of stance-related features across targets in the existing stance detection dataset is not fully exploited. However, directly training on mixed examples of all targets may confuse the model in learning best features for each target. To this end, we borrow the idea from transfer learning and multi-task learning, and formulate stance detection on tweets as a multi-domain multi-task classification problem. We apply the target adversarial learning to capture stance-related features shared by all targets and target descriptors for learning stance-informative features correlating to specific targets. Experimental results on the benchmark SemEval 2016 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, which outperforms BERT model by over 2% on macro average F1 and achieves superior performance than many recent methods utilizing external resources. We further provide detailed analyses to illustrate the superiority of fully utilizing features shared by different targets.
SIGMORPHON 2021 Shared Task on Morphological Reinflection: Generalization Across Languages

This year’s iteration of the SIGMORPHON Shared Task on morphological reinﬂection focuses on typological diversity and cross-lingual variation of morphosyntactic features. In terms of the task, we enrich UniMorph with new data for 32 languages from 13 language families, with most of them being under-resourced: Kunwinjku, Classical Syriac, Arabic (Modern Standard, Egyptian, Gulf), Hebrew, Amharic, Aymara, Magahi, Braj, Kurdish (Central, Northern, Southern), Polish, Karelian, Livvi, Ludic, Veps, Võro, Evenki, Xibe, Tuvan, Sakha, Turkish, Indonesian, Kodi, Seneca, Asháninka, Yanesha, Chukchi, Itelmen, Eibela. We evaluate six
A de-embedding algorithm for electromagnetics

A “double delay” de-embedding algorithm appropriate for electromagnetic analyses is described. This algorithm uses only two standards, a through and a double length through. By evaluating these standards, a special class of port discontinuities may be characterized and removed from the data calculated for a complete structure. Unlike related physical de-embedding algorithms, both the characteristic impedance and the velocity of propagation of the through lines are determined. The technique described here is difficult to implement in a physical de-embedding. The de-embedding theory also provides a new definition of characteristic impedance, “equivalent TEM impedance,” for inhomogeneous media, such as microstrip. This new impedance exhibits a nonmonotonic dispersion which has been measured experimentally but is not seen using previous impedance definitions.
Simple nonlinear magnetic analysis for permanent magnet motors

This paper presents a simple nonlinear magnetic analysis for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) as an assistant design tool of FEA. The equivalent magnetic circuit of the motor used in the proposed analysis is composed of the saturable permenance tips in the stator teeth for considering the local magnetic saturation. As a result, the proposed analysis is capable of calculating the flux distribution and the torque characteristics in the presence of magnetic saturation. The effectiveness of the proposed analysis is verified by comparing with 3D-FEA in terms of the analytical accuracy. The computation time is greatly reduced as short as 8 seconds while the 3D-FEA requires as much as 32 minutes for the same evaluation.
The Joy of Polar Zonohedra

Polar zonohedra are a special class of polyhedra that have inspired sculpture and constructions in many media. The shape is akin to a faceted version of a U.S. football, with two pointed poles. They can vary in complexity and can range in elongation from a pancake shape to a cigar. Several constructions are presented here, including a little library and a dome large enough to hold several people. Some mathematical basics, historical remarks, applications, fabrication techniques, and variations on the ideas are presented. Introduction and Structural Properties Figure 1 shows a “little free library” I built based on a 10-fold polar zonohedron (PZ). A little free library is a weather-tight container, typically installed in one’s front yard, where anyone can freely take books or leave books for others. This one is constructed of wooden rhombi of various shapes, arranged with 10fold symmetry about a vertical axis. In order to construct such forms, one must know the angles for cutting the rhombic pieces and the proper dihedral angles for joining them along their edges. (See Appendix.) The principles apply on scales from small models to architectural structures. Figure 2 shows a variety of n-fold PZ and illustrates the two parameters one can vary when choosing a form from this family: the order, n, of rotational symmetry and the pitch angle of the edges, θ. With only two degrees of freedom, the range of forms is highly constrained, so PZ have great internal coherence, contributing to their aesthetic appeal. Each consists entirely of planar rhombi. All edges are the same length. There are two special n-fold vertices, called “poles,” where n rhombi meet. The entire polyhedron has central symmetry, e.g., every face has an equal opposite parallel face. The line connecting the poles is an axis of n-fold rotational symmetry. The vertices are all of degree 3, 4, or n, with the two poles of degree n, the 2n vertices adjacent to the poles of degree 3, and all remaining vertices of degree 4. Figure 1: Little Zonohedral Library Figure 2: A Variety of Polar Zonohedra Bridges 2021 Conference Proceedings
Effect of RNA preservation methods on RNA quantity and quality of field-collected avian whole blood

The transcriptome comprises all RNA molecules in a sample, tissue, or organism. A limitation of comparative transcriptomic studies which compare gene expression between individuals often under some differing exposure or treatment, of wild avian populations continues to be sample preservation of high-quality RNA (i.e., ribonucleic acids that transfer, translate, and regulate the genetic code from DNA into proteins). Field sampling of wild bird blood provides challenges as RNA degradation progresses quickly, due in large part to the high nuclease content of avian blood and because cryopreservation is often not feasible at remote locations. The introduction of commercial buffers for preservation of RNA enables field-collected studies as these buffers deactivate nucleases which degrade target nucleic acids. We seek to compare the effectiveness of widely available RNA stabilizing buffers, RNAlater (Ambion) and DNA/RNA Shield (Zymo) at varying concentrations along with a dry ice-based flash freezing method to determine optimal preservation methods for field-collected avian blood samples. To determine optimal preservation methods, we assessed RNA quantity and quality metrics: RNA integrity numbers (RINe), rRNA ratios, and total RNA concentration. Nucleated red blood cells, a characteristic common across non-mammalian vertebrates, provide sufficient transcriptionally active material enabling the identification of potentially active gene regions from small and non-lethal samples (∼ 20 μl). A protocol was also optimized for total RNA extraction from avian blood samples with small starting volumes enabling sampling of birds with a minimum threshold of 5 g body mass. We found that RNA preservation buffers, RNAlater and DNA/RNA Shield at all concentrations provide sample protection from RNA degradation. We recommend that caution be exercised when using dry ice-based flash-freezing alone for sample preservation as these samples resulted in lower quality measures then samples in preservation buffer. Total RNA concentration was generally not affected by preservation treatment and may vary due to differences in initial sample volumes.
Sleep Disruption and Depression, Stress and Anxiety Levels in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) During the Lockdown Measures for COVID-19 in the UK

Background: Lockdown measures have been enforced globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the comorbidity burden in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), these lockdown measures may have a particularly negative impact on sleep health, quality of life (QoL), and depression/stress levels in this population. The aim of this study was to explore whether such potential problems were present in women with PCOS during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Methods: UK women with PCOS were recruited through social media into a cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 lockdown. The study survey was delivered online, and included demographic and COVID-19 relevant questions, as well as validated questionnaires/scales, namely the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and PCOSQOL questionnaire. Results: Three hundred and thirty-three women with PCOS [median age: 30.0 (9.0) years] were recruited. Participants were dichotomized based on responses regarding the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on their sleep [negative (N = 242) vs. no/positive (N = 91) impact]. No differences were noted between groups regarding age, time since PCOS diagnosis, body mass index, or number of comorbidities. Based on the ISI, 44.2% of participants reporting a negative impact on sleep exhibited at least moderately severe clinical insomnia. Compared to those who reported no/positive effect on sleep, the participants reporting a negative impact on sleep also reported poorer QoL, based on the total PCOSQOL score, with a greater impact of PCOS and poorer mood in the corresponding PCOSQOL domains. Based on the DASS-21, the latter also had statistically higher depression and stress levels compared to the former. Finally, for this cohort significant inverse correlations were noted between the ISI and PCOSQOL scores (total and domain scores), whilst the DASS-21 and ISI scores were positively correlated (all p-values <0.001). Conclusion: The majority of recruited UK women with PCOS reported that the COVID-19 lockdown had a negative impact on their sleep, which was also associated with impaired QoL and higher depression/stress levels. Whilst further research is required, women with PCOS should be considered a vulnerable population that may experience an adverse impact on sleep, QoL and mental health well-being due to lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Formal Verification of Process Communications in Operational Flight Program for a Small-Scale Unmanned Helicopter

Formal verification plays an important role in demonstrating safety and correctness of safety-critical systems such as airplanes and helicopters. Small-scale unmanned helicopters have been increasingly developed and deployed for various scientific, commercial and defense applications. The HELISCOPE project is aiming to develop an unmanned helicopter and its on-flight embedded computing system for navigation and real-time transmission of the motion video using wireless communication schemes. This paper introduces our experience on the formal verification of OFP (Operational Flight Program) in the HELISCOPE project. The OFP provides real-time controls with various sensors and actuators, and should be sufficiently verified through formal verification techniques. We focused on the formal verification of process communications between four sensing processes and one controller to access a critical section of shared memory area mutually exclusively.
METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND THE NUMBER OF HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN BELÉM/PA

The objective of this study was to verify whether the meteorological variables significantly influence the causes of morbidity due to acute myocardial infarction in Belém do Pará. For this purpose, maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and velocity data were used. of the wind, made available by the Meteorological Database for Study and Research of the National Institute of Meteorology and hospitalization data for AMI obtained through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, both in the period from 2008 to 2018, totaling 10 years of data, 4242 admissions were recorded during this period. Descriptive statistics and modeling using Generalized Estimation Equations were used to verify association, using the free software R 3.4. 1. Finally, the results indicate a significant association between maximum air temperature, wind speed and the number of hospitalizations. The synergy between the increase in maximum temperature and decrease in wind speed favored the increase in the number of hospitalizations in Belém, it is believed that the results observed may be a good contributor to public health policies.