Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JTIDS relative navigation and data registration

The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), an integrated communication, navigation, and identification system, provides a solution to the critical data registration problem facing the joint US military services today, namely, the establishment, in real-time, of accurately correlated positions and tracks for all friendly, unknown, and hostile targets in an operational area, thus providing the total situation awareness required for tactical and C/sup 2/ operations. The fundamental relationships of JTIDS navigation and the error analysis for target registration and target hand-off in both geodetic and relative grid coordinates are presented. Simulation results are provided for two scenarios to demonstrate the level of improvement that JTIDS navigation can have on situation awareness, target acquisition, and weapon delivery. Specifically, it is shown that accurate data registration can be achieved by as few as two JTIDS members, with or without accurate knowledge of geodetic position. <<ETX>>
Preseason changes in markers of lower body fatigue and performance in young professional rugby union players

Abstract This study investigated the changes in measures of neuromuscular fatigue and physical performance in young professional rugby union players during a preseason training period. Fourteen young (age: 19.1 ± 1.2 years) professional rugby union players participated in the study. Changes in measures of lower body neuromuscular fatigue (countermovement jump (CMJ) mean power, mean force, flight-time) and physical performance (lower body strength, 40 m sprint velocity) were assessed during an 11-week preseason period using magnitude-based inferences. CMJ mean power was likely to very likely decreased during week 2 (−8.1 ± 5.5% to −12.5 ± 6.8%), and likely to almost certainly decreased from weeks 5 to 11 (−10 ± 4.3% to −14.7 ± 6.9%), while CMJ flight-time demonstrated likely to very likely decreases during weeks 2, and weeks 4–6 (−2.41 ± 1% to −3.3 ± 1.3%), and weeks 9–10 (−1.9 ± 0.9% to −2.2 ± 1.5%). Despite this, possible improvements in lower body strength (5.8 ± 2.7%) and very likely improvements in 40 m velocity (5.5 ± 3.6%) were made. Relationships between changes in CMJ metrics and lower body strength or 40 m sprint velocity were trivial or small (<0.22). Increases in lower body strength and 40 m velocity occurred over the course of an 11-week preseason despite the presence of neuromuscular fatigue (as measured by CMJ). The findings of this study question the usefulness of CMJ for monitoring fatigue in the context of strength and sprint velocity development. Future research is needed to ascertain the consequences of negative changes in CMJ in the context of rugby-specific activities to determine the usefulness of this test as a measure of fatigue in this population.
Phylogeography of a specialist insect, Adelges cooleyi: historical and contemporary processes shape the distribution of population genetic variation

Adelges cooleyi is a host‐alternating, gall‐making insect native to the Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains in western North America. The insect's primary hosts are Picea (spruce) species, and its secondary host is Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas fir. To determine whether there are large‐scale patterns of genetic variation in this specialist insect, we created molecular phylogenies of geographically separate samples of A. cooleyi using sequence data from two mitochondrial (mtDNA) genes and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Three divergent mtDNA lineages were identified. Analysis of mtDNA and AFLP genetic variation revealed that samples from southeastern Arizona are genetically isolated from all other samples. AFLP data identified possible gene flow between individuals from divergent mtDNA lineages in an area in the central Rocky Mountains. Factors that likely affected divergence within A. cooleyi were identified by comparing our conclusions with well‐known changes in the distribution of vegetation in response to glaciations and previous phylogeographical work conducted on this specialist insect's host‐plants. In addition to documenting previously unknown patterns of genetic variation in A. cooleyi, our work provides the basis for a testable hypothesis regarding the extent to which the distribution of variation in Picea and Pseudotsuga hosts mediates the distribution of genetic variation for this specialist insect.
Outage-optimal threshold-based opportunistic cooperation in AF relaying systems with staying link information

Opportunistic cooperation (OC) dynamically switches between a cooperative mode (CM, using both direct and relay links) and a non-cooperative mode (NM, using only the direct link). OC achieves significant power gain compared with using CM only but needs full channel information. In this paper, we propose threshold-based OC (TBOC) in an amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying system where only partial channel information, so-called staying link information (SLI), is available and the switching-decision is made by comparing the SLI with a threshold to be determined. We consider three variants of TBOC and provide optimal thresholds, respectively. It is proved that the outage probabilities of the proposed TBOCs with the optimal thresholds are exactly the same to that of OC with full channel information. Numerical results are also provided to verify the analysis and to give insights on the outage performance of the TBOC.
The utility of shock index in differentiating major from minor injury

Objective The importance of early recognition of hemorrhagic shock and its effects on outcome have long been recognized. Traditional vital signs are relatively insensitive as early diagnostic markers of hemorrhage. The shock index (SI); heart rate (HR) divided by systolic blood pressure (SBP), has been suggested as such a marker. We tested the diagnostic utility of the SI in differentiating major from minor injury in trauma patients. Methods Retrospective study of a prospectively collected observational cohort at a level I trauma center. Demographics, injury mechanism, HR, SBP, base deficit and lactate were recorded and Injury Severity Score were calculated. Major injury was defined as either a change in hematocrit greater than 10 or blood transfusion requirement during initial 24 h, or Injury Severity Score greater than15. Results One thousand four hundred and thirty-five trauma patients were enrolled, average age 35.2±16.9 years. Two hundred and forty-two were classified as major injury. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for SI [0.63 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–0.67] was significantly less than that for base deficit (0.72, 95% CI: 0.69–0.76) or lactate (0.69, 95% CI: 0.65–0.73). The diagnostic performance of SI was slightly better than HR (0.58) but not SBP (0.61). To reach sensitivity of 90%, the SI must be 0.5, well in the range of a normal SBP and HR. Conclusion The SI can be a valuable tool, raising suspicion when it is abnormal even when other parameters are not, but is far too insensitive for use as a screening device to rule out disease. A normal SI should not lower the suspicion of major injury.
Lifetime of holes determination in 4H-SiC using two-photon optical beam induced current method

Wide bandgap semiconductors such as silicon carbide, gallium nitride and diamond have been recently investigated in order to replace silicon in the power electronic domain. In this paper, silicon carbide devices are studied using an optical method. It consists on illuminating a reverse biased junction with a laser beam with an appropriate wavelength, and then measuring the induced current due to the photon absorption. According to the wavelength, one- or two-photon absorption is triggered when photon energy is respectively higher or lower than the semiconductor bandgap. In the latter case, the probability of electron hole pair (EHP) generation is very small, which leads to use a powerful incident beam. In this paper, two-photon generation is used in order to determine the lifetime of minority charge carriers in N doped 4H-SiC. The incident beam is a pulsed green source with a wavelength of 532 nm and a high power density that can reach up to 6 GW.cm-2. Test devices are PN diodes protected by a junction termination extension (JTE). Results show a hole's lifetime of 730 ns.
Editorial Comments—Psychological Effects of Patient Surge in Large-Scale Emergencies: A Quality Improvement Tool for Hospital and Clinic Capacity Planning and Response

1. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California USA 2. Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California USA 3. Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Emergency Medical Services Agency, Los Angeles, California USA 4. Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA 5. Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, Los Angeles, California USA
Effect of Adenosine Derivatives and Antihistaminics on Platelet Aggregation

Summary The inhibitory activity of ade-nosine derivatives on ADP induced platelet aggregation appears to be quite specific. Only one derivative, 5′-adamantoyl adenosine, retained the potency of adenosine. Isoadenosine was 1/100 as active as adenosine. Isoadenosine diphosphate did not induce platelet aggregation at a dose as high as 2.6 × 10- 4 M as compared to ADP which produces extensive aggregation at 4.2 × 10-7 M. All of the 6 antihistaminics tested inhibited ADP induced aggregation, but there was no correlation between antihistaminic and aggregation inhibitory potency. Both classes of compounds also inhibited collagen induced aggregation.
Cohesive adequacy in the narrative samples of school-age children who use African American English.

PURPOSE This study explored the type and adequacy of cohesive devices that are produced by school-age children who use African American English (AAE). METHOD The language samples of 33 African American children, ages 7, 9, and 11 years, were transcribed, analyzed, and coded for AAE use and cohesive adequacy (e.g., personal reference, demonstrative reference, lexical, and conjunctive markers). RESULTS There were 2 AAE features that child speakers used for cohesive purposes. Adequacy rates for personal reference cohesive devices were higher than for the other 3 categories. Age was a significant factor in the use and adequacy of cohesive devices. CONCLUSION Typically developing African American children use the same category types of cohesive devices that have been reported for their peers who speak Standard American English. Further examination of cohesive adequacy to identify language impairment in school-age AAE speakers is warranted.
Multistep bioassay to predict recolonization potential of emerging parasitoids after a pesticide treatment

Neurotoxic pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for crop protection, and lethal and sublethal perturbations can be expected in beneficial insects. Under laboratory conditions, the lethal and sublethal effects of deltamethrin on the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were studied at the mummy stage and in emerging adults. Following a multistep bioassay, analyses were aimed at evaluating the effects of deltamethrin at various crucial steps in the recolonization process following a deltamethrin treatment: Parasitoid pupal development (emergence from the mummies), adult survival, and hostsearching capacity. A four‐armed olfactometer was used to investigate the effect of deltamethrin on host‐searching behavior (a range of concentrations causing 0.4–79.4% mortality was tested), and a Potter tower was used to test the deltamethrin effect with a realistic application method (four concentrations were tested: 0.5, 5.0, 6.25, and 50 g active ingredient [a.i.]/ha). Deltamethrin reduced the percentage of emergence from mummies, but only when exposed to the 50 g a.i./ha concentration. However, for all concentrations tested, the insecticide induced a decrease in longevity after emergence from sprayed mummies and significant adult mortality when parasitoids walked on fresh residues on leaves. Indices were defined and predicted a high mortality and, thus, reduction of recolonization capacities. However, deltamethrin had no effect on orientation behavior toward aphid‐infested plants for adults that survived a residual exposure to the insecticide. The impact of deltamethrin on recolonization via pupal emergence and interest in the methodology used are discussed.
Visualizing Narratives

A narrative is an ordered sequence of connected events, usually involving multiple participants. Most existing visualization techniques represent narratives as a node-link graph where a sequence of links shows the evolution of causal and temporal relationships between characters in the narrative. These techniques make a number of simplifying assumptions about the narrative structure, however. They assume that all narratives progress linearly in time, with a well defined beginning, middle, and end. They assume that all events occur in the narrative’s timeline, and that at least two participants interact at every event. Finally they assume that every narrative is complete at the time it is visualized. Thus, while existing techniques are suitable for visualizing linear narratives, they are not well suited for visualizing evolving narratives, nor for narratives with multiple timelines. In this paper we present an extension of StoryFlow, an optimization strategy for fast generation of narrative visualizations. Our technique can visualize narratives where only one participant exists within an event. We can filter events from the narrative using constraints based on characters and/or location. We present our approach using a novel visualization technique, Yarn, that represents narratives with multiple timelines. We propose ways to extend Yarn to create visualizations for both completed and evolving narratives, and to encode character properties like beliefs, sentiments, and goals to create a more informative visualization that describes a richer set of user experiences.
Amlodipine and valsartan: calcium channel blockers/angiotensin II receptor blockers combination for hypertension

Despite the availability of numerous antihypertensive agents, many patients with hypertension fail to achieve the blood pressure goals set out in current guidelines. These patients remain at a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and require effective treatment options to reduce that risk. Current guidelines recognize that many patients require multiple antihypertensive agents to achieve blood pressure goals. Numerous combination therapies are available, although there is currently no available fixed-dose alternative that combines the benefits of angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers. This article explores the rationale for using multiple-mechanism therapy with the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine and discusses the clinical data supporting this novel approach to the treatment of hypertension.
Physiological properties of neurons in the mouse superior olive: membrane characteristics and postsynaptic responses studied in vitro.

1. The physiological properties of cells in the superior olivary complex (SOC) were studied in 400-microns brain slices taken through the mouse auditory brain stem. Coronal sections were prepared from fresh brain tissue and were placed fully submerged in an oxygenated saline solution. The boundaries of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), the lateral superior olive (LSO), and the fibers of the trapezoid body were visualized through a dissecting microscope, and micropipettes filled with 4 M potassium acetate were inserted into the LSO or MNTB. 2. Bipolar stimulating electrodes were placed along the trapezoid body usually at the midline decussation and at a location just lateral to the LSO. This arrangement allowed for stimulation of the trapezoid body both contralateral and ipsilateral to the SOC. Synaptic potentials were elicited by delivering brief (0.1 ms) current pulses to the fibers of the trapezoid body. In some cases the integrity of the fibers was confirmed by transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after extracellular microinjections at various locations along the pathway. The HRP reaction product revealed active transport within the trapezoid body and characteristic synaptic and terminal morphology in the MNTB and LSO. The MNTB contained primarily large-diameter fibers terminating in specialized endings (the calyces of Held), whereas the LSO contained mainly small-diameter fibers and punctate terminal boutons. 3. Membrane characteristics of cells in MNTB and LSO were determined by injecting current into the cell and measuring the corresponding voltage change. Neurons in LSO exhibited a roughly linear relation between voltage and intracellularly injected current. Negative current resulted in a graded hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, and positive current resulted in a graded depolarization that led to the production of action potentials. The number of action potentials was directly related to the strength of the current injected. In contrast, the neurons in MNTB had current-voltage relations that were strongly nonlinear around resting potential. The injection of negative current led to graded hyperpolarization, but injection of positive current produced a limited depolarization that resulted in either a single large action potential or an action potential followed by several spikes with greatly reduced amplitude. 4. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) could be elicited in LSO by ipsilateral stimulation of the trapezoid body and in MNTB by contralateral stimulation. In response to repeated stimulation, some cells in LSO exhibited temporal summation, that is, a series of slightly subthreshold current pulses produced postsynaptic potentials that combined to elicit action potentials. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Vasomotor menopausal symptoms are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease

Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that women with vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMS) may have an adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile. We investigated whether VMS are related to an increased risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD) and whether possible associations can be explained by CVD risk factors. Methods: Data used were from a Dutch and Swedish population-based sample of 10,787 women enrolled between 1995 and 2000, aged 46 to 64 years, and free of CVD at baseline. Data on VMS were collected by questionnaires. Body mass index and blood pressure were measured in all women, and total cholesterol levels were measured in a subgroup of the population. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: After a mean ± SD follow-up period of 10.3 ± 2.1 years, 303 women were diagnosed with CHD. Symptoms of flushing were not associated with risk of CHD. However, the presence of night sweats was associated with a significantly modest increased risk of CHD, with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05-1.69). This association was attenuated but not eliminated after correction for body mass index, blood pressure, and total cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.99-1.58). Conclusions: Women with menopausal symptoms of night sweats have a significantly moderately increased risk of CHD, which cannot be totally explained by the levels of CVD risk factors.
Final Report for AOARD Grant FA 2386-11-1-4114 “ Growth of GaN Nanorods and Their Coalescence Overgrowth ”

With the nano-imprint lithography and the pulsed growth mode of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, a regularly-patterned, c-axis nitride nanorod (NR) array of quite uniform geometry with simultaneous depositions of top-face, c-plane disc-like and sidewall, m-plane core-shell InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures is formed. The differences of geometry and composition between these two groups of QW are studied with scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, the strain state analysis results in TEM observations provide us with the information about the QW width and composition. It is found that the QW widths are narrower and the indium contents are higher in the sidewall m-plane QWs, when compared with the top-face c-plane QWs. Also, in the sidewall m-plane QWs, the QW width (indium content) decreases (increases) with the height on the sidewall. The observed results can be interpreted with the migration behaviors of the constituent atoms along the NR sidewall from the bottom. Besides, we demonstrate the growth of a conducting nitride layer of low vertical resistance (64 Ω) on 6H n-type SiC substrate. The nitride layer consists of a 150-nm n-AlGaN layer with the Al composition being linearly decreased from 20 to 0 % and a 1-μm n-GaN layer. Both layers are Si doped with a level around 10/cm. The growth condition of the n-AlGaN layer must be further improved to obtain a crack-free and smooth surface.
Software pipelining for graphic processing unit acceleration: Partition, scheduling and granularity

The graphic processing unit (GPU) is becoming increasingly popular as a performance accelerator in various applications requiring high-performance parallel computing capability. In a central processing unit (CPU) or GPU hybrid system, software pipelining is a major task in order to deliver accelerated performance, where hiding CPU–GPU communication overheads by splitting a large task into small units is the key challenge. In this paper, we carry out a systematic investigation into task partitioning in order to achieve maximum performance gain. We first validate the advantage of even partition strategy, and then propose the optimal scheduling, with detailed study into how to achieve optimal unit size (data granularity) in an analytical framework. Experiments on AMD and NVIDIA GPU platforms demonstrate that our approaches achieve around 31 – 59% performance improvement using software pipelining.
Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1 Gene, a Switch from Latency to Lytic Infection, Is Expressed as an Immediate-Early Gene after Primary Infection of B Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT We demonstrate here that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 gene, a switch from latent infection to lytic infection, is expressed as early as 1.5 h after EBV infection in Burkitt's lymphoma-derived, EBV-negative Akata and Daudi cells and primary B lymphocytes. Since BZLF1 mRNA is expressed even when the cells are infected with EBV in the presence of anisomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, its expression does not require prerequisite protein synthesis, indicating that BZLF1 is expressed as an immediate-early gene following primary EBV infection of B lymphocytes.
Design and Experimental Verification of an 18-Slot/14-pole Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding Interior Permanent Magnet Machine

This paper presents the design and the experimental verification of an 18-slot/14-pole fractional-slot concentrated winding interior permanent magnet machine. The prototype machine was optimized for wide constant power speed range (7:1) and very low cogging torque, two of the most important requirements for traction machines. Measured performance of the constructed prototype machine has confirmed the finite-element modeling results. Experience gained from this study has led to develop a set of design rules for the concentrated winding (CW)- interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine. Scaling up of the prototype design based on these rules is also discussed in this paper.