Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ID-P 8 Simplified Fixed Pattern Noise Correction for Logarithmic Sensors

The quality of images from high dynamic range logarithmic sensors is severely degraded by Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN), caused by a nonuniformity in the responses of individual pixels. The source of this fixed pattern noise has been explained by Joseph and Collins [1] using a model which represents the response of each pixel in terms of three parameters an offset voltage, a gain and a leakage current in each pixel. Previously, the proposed model has been used to explain the response of pixels and the origins of fixed pattern noise. However, it has not been used to create a practical fixed pattern noise correction procedure. In this paper a simple and practical procedure to correct for fixed pattern noise in logarithmic sensors for high dynamic range scenes is developed. The results are images with contrast sensitivities comparable to that of the human visual system in high illumination.
Wideband millimeter-wave fragmented aperture antenna

A millimeter-wave fragmented aperture antenna is investigated in this work. The antenna operates across Ka-and V-bands, from 30 to 60 GHz. The development process of the antenna is provided, including initial considerations based on prior work, modeling and simulation, fabrication, and measured data. Comparison of modeled and measured data is shown, along with a discussion of these results.
Push or pull: an experimental study on imitation in marmosets

A laboratory experiment was conducted in order to explore the possibility of imitation, that is, response learning by observation, in marmosets, Callithrix jacchusInexperienced individuals were allowed to observe a skilful model that demonstrated one of two possible techniques (pushing or pulling a pendulum-door) to get food from inside a wooden box. Their initial manipulative actions, performed when exposed to the box in a subsequent test, were compared with those of naive control subjects (non-observers). The observers showed less exploratory behaviour than the non-observers and, more importantly, some showed a strong tendency to use the demonstrated opening technique in the initial test phase. This initial preference disappeared in the course of five test sessions and the observers converged towards the simpler, alternative solution that was generally preferred by the non-observers. Despite fundamental individual differences in the observer group and the failure to find a significant group effect, the results indicate that marmosets are capable of learning simple motor skills through conspecific observation.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Surgical Treatment of Adjacent Instability After Lumbar Spine Fusion

Study Design. This study is a retrospective review of 39 patients with previous instrumented lumbar fusion who underwent secondary spine surgery for lumbar adjacent instability. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest study of surgical treatment of lumbar adjacent instability in the literature to date. Object. This study evaluated the feasibility of adjacent instability treated with medial facetectomy, fusion with autologous bone grafting, and pedicle screw instrumentation. Summary of Background Data. The surgical treatment of adjacent instability has seldom been discussed. Revision spine fusions are challenged by high pseudarthrosis rates. Methods. Thirty-nine patients with previous lumbar fusion underwent second lumbar spine surgery for adjacent instability. All were treated with autogenous posterolateral arthrodesis and transpedicle screw fixation in addition to decompressive laminectomy. Medical records, radiographs, and pain scores were obtained. Results. The clinical results were excellent or good in 76.9% of patients, and the radiographic fusion was successful in 37 (94.9%) of patients. Flat back was noted in 8 (20.5%) of patients. In 5 patients (12.8%), neighboring segment breakdown again developed, and 2 of those patients underwent a third lumbar fusion. Dural tear during operation occurred in 2 patients. One patient experienced cauda equina syndrome but recovered bladder function 1 month later. Conclusion. Autogenous posterolateral arthrodesis combined with pedicle screw fixation led to successful radiologic and clinical outcome in patients with lumbar adjacent instability. Adequate decompression of the adjacent stenosis requires medial facetectomy, thus preventing aggressive nerve root manipulation and reducing the incidence of dural tear.
Successful management of depression with reboxetine in a patient who developed parkinsonism related to paroxetine use

M Kuloglu Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. A Caykoylu Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. O Ekinci Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. D Bayindirli Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. G Vural Department of Neurology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. O Deniz Department of Neurology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Computational grid dependency in CFD simulation for heat transfer

For the numerical simulation of the hypersonic vehicle aerothermal heating, the grid-dependency of the aerothermal computation under the hypersonic flow was studied by the means of computational fluid dynamic. By employed two-dimensional cylinder model, researched the influence of the grid-reynolds number Recell to heat transfer simulation, and established the connection between grid refinement in the position of shock wave and the heat transfer computational accuracy. The result indicates that the grid-reynolds number less than 8 can gain a convergent result of heat transfer and the grid refinement in the position of shock wave is beneficial for the heat transfer simulation. Besides, the applicability of the gird criterion to the computation of three-dimensional model was verified by the aerothermal simulation of the X-33 hypersonic vehicle. The research has some guiding significance for engineering application.
Inhibition by Carotid Baroreflex of Exercise‐Induced Increases in Arterial Pressure

Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured during continuous graded exercise (5.5 km/hr; 0, 7, 14, and 21% grades) in conscious dogs, under each of the following four conditions: (1) baroreceptors intact, (2) chronic aortic arch denervation, (3) chronic aortic arch denervation and surgical preparation of the carotid sinuses for later reversible vascular isolation, and (4) chronic aortic arch denervation and carotid sinuses vascularly isolated at a fixed pressure. Arterial blood pressure increased with increasing work load to a maximum of 12 ± 3, 18 ± 5, and 14 ± 5 mm Hg above control in conditions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In condition 4, the maximum increase in pressure during graded exercise was 51 ± 7 mm Hg above control. Upon cessation of graded exercise, the increase in arterial pressure persisted through the 5-minute recovery period. Heart rate and cardiac output increased similarly in proportion to work load under all four conditions. In contrast to dogs in condition 4, three dogs with chronic sinoaortic denervation showed no work load-related increase in arterial pressure during exercise. Thus, during exercise, the carotid baroreflex acts to balance finely the opposing effects of sympathetic vasoconstriction and metabolic vasodilation.
A Sequential Convex Program Approach to an Inverse Linear Semidefinite Programming Problem

This paper is devoted to the study of solving method for a type of inverse linear semidefinite programming problem in which both the objective parameter and the right-hand side parameter of the linear semidefinite programs are required to adjust. Since such kind of inverse problem is equivalent to a mathematical program with semidefinite cone complementarity constraints which is a rather difficult problem, we reformulate it as a nonconvex semi-definte programming problem by introducing a nonsmooth partial penalty function to penalize the complementarity constraint. The penalized problem is actually a nonsmooth DC programming problem which can be solved by a sequential convex program approach. Convergence analysis of the penalty models and the sequential convex program approach are shown. Numerical results are reported to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
Performance evaluation of the LMS adaptive beamforming algorithm used in smart antenna systems

Adaptive beamforming is a key feature of smart antennas that leads to interference mitigation and capacity increase of wireless networks. This paper presents a performance evaluation of the LMS algorithm that is used as an adaptive beamforming technique in smart antennas. This performance evaluation is carried out with respect to the antenna array size in terms of the number of elements forming this array as well as their physical spacing. Also the signal environment parameters are analyzed in terms of the number of signals incident on the antenna array and their angular separation.
Human Papillomavirus-specific Genotypes in Cervical Lesions of Women Referred for Smears With Atypical Glandular Cells or Adenocarcinoma In Situ

This study was designed to analyze whether specific human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes may predict histologic outcomes in women with glandular abnormalities in their cervical smears. Of the 160 women included, 111 were diagnosed with atypical glandular cells, 35 had both atypical glandular cells and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, whereas 14 women had AIS, in 1 case associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. All women underwent colposcopic examinations and biopsy was performed in 129/160 (80.6%). Thirty-one women (19.3%) were considered negative for neoplasia and scheduled for follow-up. All specimens were tested for 27 HPV genotypes by Roche's polymerase chain reaction-reverse line blot assay. Histologic diagnoses were either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive carcinoma in 75 (58%) women, and negative for neoplasia in 54 (42%). The overall prevalence of HPV was 43%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type followed by HPV 18. HPV 16 was significantly associated with squamous and glandular neoplasia and HPV 18 with glandular neoplasia. In women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or 3, 11 different HPV genotypes were found, whereas in those who had invasive glandular or invasive carcinoma HPV 16 and HPV 18 were found predominantly. The detection of HPV 16 in women with glandular abnormalities in cervical smears did not help differentiating squamous from glandular lesions. However, the detection of HPV 53 in abnormal smears can predict squamous neoplasia, whereas HPV 18 can predict glandular neoplasia as histologic diagnoses.
Reduced‐bias Moment Approximations in Original Units When Using Multivariate Box–Cox Transformations

Motivated by A‐10 single engine aircraft climb experiments, we demonstrate use of the multivariate Box–Cox power transformations in fitting normal‐theory linear models to a q‐variate response vector Y. As predictions in the original units of the response are often desired, a retransformation of the fitted model back to the original units can be performed. Unfortunately, Jensen's inequality suggests that for a nonlinear transformation, such an approach can induce significant bias into the retransformed values. Further, although the retransformation offers a direct estimate of E(Y), it offers no direct estimates for the variances and covariances of Y. An estimate for the variance–covariance matrix can be useful when constructing approximate joint prediction regions on Y. To address these concerns, we consider the class of multivariate Box–Cox transformations and derive a closed‐form approximation to EYikiYjkj (ki,kj∈[0,1,.]; i,j = 1,…,q), which can then be used to provide reduced‐bias estimates of elements of the mean vector and covariance matrix of the original response Y, given parameter estimates obtained from fitting the model in the transformed domain. Using our approximation, we then construct an approximate 100(1 − α)% joint prediction ellipsoid on Y. Unlike the prediction ellipsoid offered by ordinary least squares analysis, the proposed prediction ellipsoid can change in both size and orientation, depending on the levels of the experimental factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food plating preferences – reply to reply regarding Zampollo et al

Sir, The increase in childhood obesity is a major health issue in the United States and all over the world (1), and many possible approaches are proposed to overturn the trend (2). The study conducted by Zampollo et al. (3) provides one such approach because it shows that children prefer food presentations differently from adult preferences. For instance, while adults prefer three components and three colours, children prefer seven components and six colours on their plates. This suggests that, to encourage children to eat healthier foods, it may be a good idea to present more food items, especially more colourful vegetables. More recently, Smits (4) has criticized Zampollo et al.’s analyses as inadequate for concluding that the differences in plate preferences among children versus adults are significant. Namely, Smits highlighted that Zampollo et al. merely showed that particular most preferred options were chosen more often than could be expected under random distribution and did not identify the significance of these preferences in relation to the other choice options. In addition, Smits highlights that the analyses did not test the difference between preferences of different samples (i.e. children versus adults). We appreciated this criticism, and we conducted follow-up analyses directly comparing the preferences of children with the preferences of adults – as Smits suggested (4). Namely, we conducted one-way chi-square tests to compare the preferences of children with those of adults for each of the seven categories of presentations. For instance, we conducted a chi-square test (df = 5) for comparing the preferences of children with those of adults for the number of colours on a plate. As evident in Table 1, the results were highly significant across all categories except for the preferences of the empty and disorganized plates for both children and adults. These results are consistent with Zampollo et al.’s original conclusion, namely childrens food presentation preferences appear to be very different from those of adults. On a much finer detail, we can correct a difference in our original paper that was mistakenly identified as significant. Specifically, although we stated that both children and adults significantly preferred food presentations that are relatively disorganized, the effect was not significant for children, x(1) = 0.94, p > 0.05. While the results in our original paper were significant for adults with respect to relatively disorganized food presentations, the direct comparison between children and adults that we report in this letter and illustrate through Table 1 was not significant. Given the importance of plating on liking for food (5), we believe that this ambiguous finding, along with all of our more definitive findings, is worthy of further investigation.
Expression and Regulation of Multiple Murine ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G1 mRNAs/Isoforms That Stimulate Cellular Cholesterol Efflux to High Density Lipoprotein*

The murine Abcg1 gene is reported to consist of 15 exons that encode a single mRNA (herein referred to as Abcg1-a) and protein. We now demonstrate that (i) the murine gene contains two additional coding exons downstream of exon 1, (ii) transcription involves the use of multiple promoters, and (iii) the RNA undergoes alternative splicing reactions. As a result, three mRNAs are expressed that encode three putative protein isoforms that differ at their amino terminus. ABCG1 transcripts are induced in vivo in multiple tissues in response to the liver X receptor ligand T0901317. Identification and characterization of four liver X receptor response elements in the intron downstream of exon 2 provides a mechanism by which this induction occurs. Importantly, cholesterol efflux to high density lipoprotein was stimulated following transfection of Hek293 cells with plasmids encoding individual ABCG1 isoforms. In situ hybridization studies in embryonic day 11.5–15.5 mouse embryos revealed strong expression of ABCG1 transcripts in the olfactory epithelium, hind brain, eye, and dorsal root ganglia. The relatively high levels of expression in neuronal tissues and the eye suggest that ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux may be critical for normal neuronal function in addition to its role in macrophages.
Morphology, innervation, and peripheral sensory cells of the siphon of aplysia californica

The siphon of Aplysia californica has several functions, including involvement in respiration, excretion, and defensive inking. It also provides sensory input for defensive withdrawals that have been studied extensively to examine mechanisms that underlie learning. To better understand the neuronal bases of these functions, we used immunohistochemistry to catalogue peripheral cell types and innervation of the siphon in stage 12 juveniles (chosen to allow observation of tissues in whole‐mounts). We found that the siphon nerve splits into three major branches, leading ultimately to a two‐part FMRFamide‐immunoreactive plexus and an apparently separate tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive plexus. Putative sensory neurons included four distinct types of tubulin‐immunoreactive bipolar cells (one likely also tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive) that bore ciliated dendrites penetrating the epithelium. A fifth bipolar neuron type (tubulin‐ and FMRFamide‐immunoreactive) occurred deeper in the tissue, associated with part of the FMRFamide‐immunoreactive plexus. Our observations emphasize the structural complexity of the peripheral nervous system of the siphon, and the importance of direct tests of the various components to better understand the functioning of the entire organ, including its role in defensive withdrawal responses. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2409–2425, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ecological Knowledge in Community Theater

In his article "Ecological Knowledge in Community T tioner's perspective on plays which complex environmental problems. Community plays can highlight environmental injustices and assist communities to find a voice. The center-stage in community plays, and the role of community arts, alongside scientific research, in developing and communicating shared understanding of environmental problems and their solutions. In his study Brown compares knowledge explores the values expressed in eco ecological knowledge through community > ISSN 1481-4374 <http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb Purdue University Press , the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access learned journal in the "comparative cultural studies. " ticles of scholarly books and publishes research material in its in the Annual Bibliography of English Language and The journal is affiliated with the Purdue University Press monog clcweb@purdue.edu> Issue 4 (December 2014) Article 8 Paul Brown, Knowledge in Community Theater" b.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol16/iss4/8> 16.4 (2014) . Ed. Simon C. Estok and Murali Sivaramakrishnan > heater" Paul Brown presents celebrate and enhance community resilience while article explores these functions by examining how nature moves -making processes for science and community theater -theater and the processes of producing and recording valuable -based creative arts. > ©Purdue University
Paleomagnetic, structural, and stratigraphic constraints on transverse fault kinematics during basin inversion: The Pamplona Fault (Pyrenees, north Spain)

The Pamplona Fault in the Pyrenees is a major transverse structure that has been classically interpreted as a strike‐slip fault. However, lack of consensus concerning the sense of movement casts doubt on its actual kinematics and, as a consequence, its role in the Cenozoic evolution of the Pyrenees remains controversial. In order to assess its kinematics, we have conducted a paleomagnetic, structural, and stratigraphic study focused on the Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks that outcrop around the southern segment of the fault. Restoration of balanced cross sections allows us to examine the present‐day spatial relationship of the sedimentary sequences on both sides of the fault and to reconstruct the geometry of the extensional basins formed during Mesozoic rifting episodes in the Bay of Biscay and Pyrenean domains. Paleomagnetic results indicate that no significant tectonic rotations occurred around the fault during Tertiary inversion of the Pyrenees. The lack of tectonic rotations and revaluation of previous hypotheses argues against a strike‐slip movement of the fault. We propose a new model in which the Pamplona Fault is treated as a large‐scale “hanging wall drop” fault whose kinematics was determined by variations in the geometry and thickness of Mesozoic sequences on both sides of the fault. These variations influenced the geometry of the thrust sheet developed during Tertiary compression. We are unaware of any other transverse fault that has been interpreted in this fashion; thus the Pamplona Fault serves as a case study for the evolution of transverse faults involved in basin inversion processes.
Ultra-High Density Content Addressable Memory Based on Current Induced Domain Wall Motion in Magnetic Track

A new path to frame low power, high-density and fast integrated circuits has been rolled out by the observation of current-induced domain wall (DW) motion in magnetic track. As an advanced extension of this mechanism, high performance racetrack memory can be built up combining with magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) read and write heads. The rapid progress of CoFeB/MgO perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) shows that the PMA MTJ can be scaled down to 20 nm while keeping fast data access. These recent discoveries allow us to design an ultra-high density content addressable memory (CAM), one of the most important applications of MRAM. The mainstream CAMs suffer from high power and large area as its conventional structure is composed of numerous large-capacity SRAM blocks in order to provide fast data access. MRAM based non-volatile CAMs have been proposed to relive the power consumption, however the density issue cannot be surmounted due to the large switching currents. In this paper, we present a design of NOR-type CAM based on DW motion in PMA magnetic tracks. The CMOS switching and sensing circuits are globally shared to optimize the cell area down to 6 F2/bit; the complementary dual track allows the local sensing and faster data search speed while keeping low power. By using an accuracy spice model of PMA racetrack memory and CMOS 65 nm design-kit, mixed simulations have been performed to demonstrate its functionality and evaluate its high performance.
Alternating Projection-Proximal Methods for Convex Programming and Variational Inequalities

We consider a mixed problem composed in part of finding a zero of a maximal monotone operator and in part of solving a monotone variational inequality problem. We propose a solution method for this problem that alternates between a proximal step (for the maximal monotone operator part) and a projection-type step (for the monotone variational inequality part) and analyze its convergence and rate of convergence. This method extends a decomposition method of Chen and Teboulle [Math. Programming, 64 (1994), pp. 81--101] for convex programming and yields, as a by-product, new decomposition methods.