Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data-driven grading of brain gliomas: a multiparametric MR imaging study.

PURPOSE To grade brain gliomas by using a data-driven analysis of multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, taking into account the heterogeneity of the lesions at MR imaging, and to compare these results with the most widespread current radiologic reporting methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eighteen patients with histologically confirmed brain gliomas were evaluated retrospectively. Conventional and advanced MR sequences (perfusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion-tensor imaging) were performed. Three evaluations were conducted: semiquantitative (based on conventional and advanced sequences with reported cutoffs), qualitative (exclusively based on conventional MR imaging), and quantitative. For quantitative analysis, four volumes of interest were placed: regions with contrast material enhancement, regions with highest and lowest signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and regions of most restricted diffusivity. Statistical analysis included t test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, discriminant function analysis (DFA), leave-one-out cross-validation, and Kendall coefficient of concordance. RESULTS Significant differences were noted in age, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in contrast-enhanced regions (cutoff > 2.59; sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 91%; area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.937; P = .0001), areas of lowest signal intensity on T2-weighted images (>2.45, 57%, 97%, 0.852, and P = .0001, respectively), restricted diffusivity regions (>2.61, 54%, 97%, 0.808, and P = .0001, respectively), and choline/creatine ratio in regions with the lowest signal intensity on T2-weighted images (>2.07, 49%, 88%, 0.685, and P = .0007, respectively). DFA that included age; rCBV in contrast-enhanced regions, areas of lowest signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and areas of restricted diffusivity; and choline/creatine ratio in areas with lowest signal intensity on T2-weighted images was used to classify 95% of patients correctly. Quantitative analysis showed a higher concordance with histologic findings than qualitative and semiquantitative methods (P < .0001). CONCLUSION A quantitative multiparametric MR imaging evaluation that incorporated heterogeneity at MR imaging significantly improved discrimination between low- and high-grade brain gliomas with a very high AUC (ie, 0.95), thus reducing the risk of inappropriate or delayed surgery, respectively.
Measures of Poverty among Fisher-Folks and Crop-Based Farming Households in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abriem (KEEA) Municipality of the Central Region, Ghana

This study was conducted to find out the extent of poverty and the relationship between poverty line and the socio-economic determinants of poverty among fisher-folks and crop-based farmers in the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. The population for the study was 260 fisher-folk and crop-based farming households from which 200 households comprising 100 crop-based farmer households and 100 fisher-folk households formed the sample size. The simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the sample size. Data collection was done through documentary analysis, participatory rural appraisal and self-administered questionnaire with the aid of trained assistants. Descriptive statistical methods and regression analysis were used in analyzing data collected. From the results, income, education, health and the number of people in various occupations accounted for about 46.80 percent of the variances in poverty line. Also, poverty was found to be more intense among fisher-folk than among crop-based farmer households in the target communities. Based on the findings, it was recommended that m ore poverty alleviation interventions should be directed to fisher-folk than among the crop-based farmer households. Also more health facilities should be created in the fishing communities to improve the health status of the fisher-folks so as to improve their health status and thus empower them to work harder, acquire more income and eventually reduce poverty.
Dispersion of eggs, larvae and pelagic juveniles of White Hake (Urophycis tenuis, Mitchill 1815) on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in relation to subsurface currents

White hake (Urophycis tenuis, Mitchill 1815) is a temperate bottom dwelling fish with the northern extent of its distribution on the southern Grand Banks. There they are found at bottom depths from 50-800 m, associated with 48C ambient temperatures. They are restricted to a narrow band along the southwest edge and into the Laurentian and Hermitage Channels where local bottom temperatures are warmest (> 4 C). We have examined potential dispersion patterns of eggs, larvae and juveniles under climatological monthly-mean circulation fields, M2 tidal currents and associated turbulent mixing, which was computed from a three-dimensional regional ocean circulation model. Effects of spawning locations (horizontal and vertical) and timing (monthly and yearly) are investigated. The results indicate the spawning below the surface Ekman layer, on the southwest Grand Bank and in the weaker Labrador Current year have higher chances for young juveniles to settle down in the southwest Grand Bank nursery area in fall.
Design of Optimal Constellation for Massive SIMO Systems with Riemannian Distance

This paper considers a flat fading noncoherent wireless communication system with a single transmitter antenna and massive multiple receiver antennas, in which the channel coefficients change every two time slots. For such a system, we first parameterize all the high rate constellations which enable each transmitted symbol and the channel coefficients to be uniquely identified in a noise-free case when the number of the receiver antennas goes to infinity. Then, for a noisy channel with the limited number of the receiver antennas, we propose the design of an optimal constellation that maximizes the minimum distance between any two distinct constellation points using the first kind of a Riemannian distance (RD) measure subject to constraints on an average power and total transmission bits. A closed-form optimal solution is attained by first characterizing the optimal structure for any fixed bits on each parameter space and then, finding an optimal bit assignment that further maximizes the achieved minimum distance. One of the significant advantages of such optimal design is that it enables us to develop a fast closedform RD detector. Finally, computer simulations demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms the methods in literature for the same system.
Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using deep belief network based on greedy approach

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder creates conditions for the child as s/he cannot sit calm and still, control his/her behavior and focus his/her attention on a particular issue. Five out of every hundred children are affected by the disease. Boys are three times more than girls at risk for this complication. The disorder often begins before age seven, and parents may not realize their children problem until they get older. Children with hyperactivity and attention deficit are at high risk of conduct disorder, antisocial personality, and drug abuse. Most children suffering from the disease will develop a feeling of depression, anxiety and lack of self-confidence. Given the importance of diagnosis the disease, Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) were used as a deep learning model to predict the disease. In this system, in addition to FMRI images features, sophisticated features such as age and IQ as well as functional characteristics, etc. were used. The proposed method was evaluated by two standard data sets of ADHD-200 Global Competitions, including NeuroImage and NYU data sets, and compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. The results showed the superiority of the proposed method rather than other systems. The prediction accuracy has improved respectively as +12.04 and +27.81 over NeuroImage and NYU datasets compared to the best proposed method in the ADHD-200 Global competition.
Retroviral transduction and expansion of peripheral blood lymphocytes for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type II, Hunter's syndrome

BACKGROUND: Gene therapy using autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) has been used to produce adenosine deaminase with which to treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) lack iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (IDS), and serial PBL gene therapy may benefit these patients.
EXPORTS, DOMESTIC DEMAND AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF THE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES

This study examines the nexus of exports, domestic demand and economic growth in the Middle East countries, namel y Bahrain, Iran, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Jordan. The re sults of the Granger causality test and Geweke (1982) decomposition of c ausality show that exports, consumption and investment are important t o economic growth and also economic growth is important to exports, c onsumption and investment. Nonetheless, the findings vary across c ountries in the region. There is a tendency that exports have a str onger impact on economic growth when a country has a higher ratio o f openness to international trade. Nonetheless, there is no stron g evidence that consumption or investment has a stronger impact on economic growth when a country has a higher ratio of consumption to gross domestic product (GDP) or investment to GDP. Consumption is found to be more important than investment in contributing to econom ic growth. A sustained economic growth requires growth in both e xports and domestic demand. Moreover, economic growth will inc rease exports and domestic demand.
Time-Delay Controller Design for Position Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Under Disturbances

This paper presents an enhanced time-delay controller (TDC) for the position control of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) under disturbances. A conventional TDC performs well when the involved data acquisition rate is fast. However, in AUV control applications that use a Doppler velocity log (DVL) navigation system, we cannot keep the data acquisition rate sufficiently fast because a DVL sensor generally supplies data at a slow acquisition rate, which degrades the performance of the TDC. To overcome this problem, we propose an integral sliding-mode controller to be supplemented to the conventional TDC to improve the control precision even if the DVL navigation system is in operation. The proposed controller is computationally simple and robust to unmodeled dynamics and disturbances. We performed computer simulations and experiments with the Cyclops AUV to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller.
Exploring Lactobacillus plantarum Genome Diversity by Using Microarrays

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus plantarum is a versatile and flexible species that is encountered in a variety of niches and can utilize a broad range of fermentable carbon sources. To assess if this versatility is linked to a variable gene pool, microarrays containing a subset of small genomic fragments of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 were used to perform stringent genotyping of 20 strains of L. plantarum from various sources. The gene categories with the most genes conserved in all strains were those involved in biosynthesis or degradation of structural compounds like proteins, lipids, and DNA. Conversely, genes involved in sugar transport and catabolism were highly variable between strains. Moreover, besides the obvious regions of variance, like prophages, other regions varied between the strains, including regions encoding plantaricin biosynthesis, nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In many cases, these variable regions colocalized with regions of unusual base composition. Two large regions of flexibility were identified between 2.70 and 2.85 and 3.10 and 3.29 Mb of the WCFS1 chromosome, the latter being close to the origin of replication. The majority of genes encoded in these variable regions are involved in sugar metabolism. This functional overrepresentation and the unusual base composition of these regions led to the hypothesis that they represented lifestyle adaptation regions in L. plantarum. The present study consolidates this hypothesis by showing that there is a high degree of gene content variation among L. plantarum strains in genes located in these regions of the WCFS1 genome. Interestingly, based on our genotyping data L. plantarum strains clustered into two clearly distinguishable groups, which coincided with an earlier proposed subdivision of this species based on conventional methods.
Do Local Environmental Factors and Lunar Cycle Influence Timing and Synchrony of Oviposition of a Turtle with Strict Nocturnal Nesting?

Timing of nesting affects fitness of oviparous animals living in seasonal environments, and females may cue on environmental factors for their nesting behavior, but these relationships are understudied in tropical turtles. Here, the timing and synchrony of egg-laying relative to environmental factors were examined in the South American freshwater turtle Podocnemis unifilis on 11 nesting beaches during three nesting seasons. Daily measurements included number of nests laid, rainfall, river level, air temperature, and the phase of the lunar cycle (full moon, last quarter, new moon and first quarter). Results confirmed that P. unifilis nested at night and revealed that females in our population nest in groups from 2 to 17 females at a time. Nesting was not correlated with rainfall, but a significant relationship was found with river level, such that nesting started at the onset of the dry season when river levels dropped and nesting grounds emerged. Importantly, we found that (1) nesting events concentrated on days with intermediate daily maximum air temperature (although maxima changed annually), and that (2) larger groups of females nested around full moon, suggesting the reliance on visual cues to initiate nesting activities (consistent with social facilitation behavior). Altogether, the timing of nesting in P. unifilis may be shaped by a combination of environmental factors, moon phase and social facilitation, where visual cues play an important role.
EVALUATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON THE BASIS OF STATISTICAL t-TEST AND RELATED PARAMETERS USING COMPUTER VISION SYSTEM

In almost all manufacturing processes, surface finish / roughness plays an important role for the quality of the product and hence, its evaluation is very essential. The roughness of a surface affects so many of its physical properties. There are many possible ways of measuring it, and most of these possibilities have been explored at one time or other. However, it is observed that each of these methods has some limitations of measurements. With the available surface roughness evaluation instruments and methods, there had been a tendency to specify roughness parameters based on what such instruments could measure rather than what should be measured ideally. However, there has been a constant effort by the researchers to keep pace with the demands of the industry. It was observed from the literature survey and review that there is a scope for development of a surface evaluation method which would be low cost, fast, probably contactless and can be adopted easily for 100% inspection of the surface of a component even on shop-floor. Also, the method should give an estimate on an overall (or mean) surface finish rather than that along a straight line and the evaluation should preferably be in three-dimensional manner. In this context, the present research was focussed on the development of a stateof-the-art method, which fulfils the above-mentioned requirements.
BIogEogRaPHy oF TRaNSIENT REEF- FISH SPawNINg aggREgaTIoNS IN THE CaRIBBEaN: a SyNTHESIS FoR FuTuRE RESEaRCH aND maNagEmENT

1Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3146, USA Email: shinichi@tamu.edu (corresponding author) 2Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3147, USA 3Biogeography Branch, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA 4Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewer’s Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, USA 5The Marine Institute, Marine Building, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
of a 6-Week Training Program on Muscle Recruitment and Functional Outcome Scapular Muscle Rehabilitation Exercises in Overhead Athletes With Impingement Symptoms : Effect

http://ajs.sagepub. com/content/40/8/1906 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546512453297 2012 40: 1906 originally published online July 11, 2012 Am J Sports Med Kristof De Mey, Lieven Danneels, Barbara Cagnie and Ann M. Cools of a 6-Week Training Program on Muscle Recruitment and Functional Outcome Scapular Muscle Rehabilitation Exercises in Overhead Athletes With Impingement Symptoms : Effect
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of N- and C-Terminally Modified Secretin Analogs for the Human Secretin Receptor

The pleiotropic role of human secretin (hSCT) validates its potential use as a therapeutic agent. Nevertheless, the structure of secretin in complex with its receptor is necessary to develop a suitable therapeutic agent. Therefore, in an effort to design a three-dimensional virtual homology model and identify a peptide agonist and/or antagonist for the human secretin receptor (hSR), the significance of the primary sequence of secretin peptides in allosteric binding and activation was elucidated using virtual docking, FRET competitive binding and assessment of the cAMP response. Secretin analogs containing various N- or C-terminal modifications were prepared based on previous findings of the role of these domains in receptor binding and activation. These analogs exhibited very low or no binding affinity in a virtual model, and were found to neither exhibit in vitro binding nor agonistic or antagonistic properties. A parallel analysis of the analogs in the virtual model and in vitro studies revealed instability of these peptide analogs to bind and activate the receptor.
Upstream Regulation of AKT PI 3 K-Dependent AKT Activation

The Ser/Thr kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), was discovered 25 years ago and has been the focus of tens of thousands of studies in diverse fields of biology and medicine. There have been many advances in our knowledge of the upstream regulatory inputs into AKT, key multifunctional downstream signaling nodes (GSK3, FoxO, mTORC1), which greatly expand the functional repertoire of Akt, and the complex circuitry of this dynamically branching and looping signaling network that is ubiquitous to nearly every cell in our body. Mouse and human genetic studies have also revealed physiological roles for the AKT network in nearly every organ system. Our comprehension of AKT regulation and functions is particularly important given the consequences of AKT dysfunction in diverse pathological settings, including developmental and overgrowth syndromes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. There has also been much progress in developing AKT-selective small molecule inhibitors. Improved understanding of the molecular wiring of the AKT signaling network continues to make an impact that cuts across most disciplines of the biomedical sciences. 25 Years of AKT Signaling Thirty years ago, Stephen Staal identified and cloned the v-Akt oncogene from the AKT8 transforming retrovirus (Staal, 1987). Four years later, three laboratories independently cloned and characterized the cellular homolog of v-AKT, a 57 Kd Ser/Thr protein kinase. Bellacosa and Tsichlis used cDNA hybridization with v-AKT to clone the protein kinase and termed it c-AKT (Bellacosa et al., 1991). The Hemmings group used degenerate PCR for sequences encoding protein kinase catalytic domains to identify the kinase, which they named Related to Aand C-kinase (RAC) (Jones et al., 1991). Woodgett and Coffer used library screening and identified a protein kinase they named protein kinase B (PKB), due to the similarity with PKA and PKC (Coffer and Woodgett, 1991). We now know there are Correspondence to: bmanning@hsph.harvard. edu and atoker@bidmc.harvard. edu. Author Contributions B.D. M. and A.T. conceptualized, researched, and wrote this review. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Cell. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 April 20. Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2017 April 20; 169(3): 381–405. doi:10.1016/j.cell. 2017.04. 001. A uhor M anscript
N Nanofiltration for Reuse of Sharpless Catalytic Systems

Nanofiltration for reuse of Sharpless catalytic systems combines reaction and separation in a single vessel, allowing successive reaction and filtration steps, to recycle the catalytic system in successive batches with isolation of the chiral product on the permeated solution. The Sharpless catalysis is a robust strategy for production of chiral 1,2-diols from olefins at high yields and enantiomer excesses, using a catalytic system based on OsO4 or K2OsO2(OH)4 salt and a chiral dimeric ligand (Bolm et al. 2000; Kolb et al. 1994). Chiral ligands used are based on a cinchona alkaloid (dihydroquinidine or dihydroquinine) with phathalazina, pyrimidine, or indoline groups. The reaction requires a co-oxidant, which can be organic or inorganic, such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) or K3Fe(CN)6, respectively. The reaction media is conventionally an aqueous/organic (50 v/v% solvent) mixture with tert-butanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, or acetone. The feasibility of Sharpless reaction was also attained for a range of seven different olefins on the absence of organic solvent, using an aqueous system that includes a surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium cholate, or an ionic liquid such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Branco and Afonso 2002; Branco et al. 2008). Moreover, the use of aqueous/surfactant or ionic liquid systems avoids the continuous gradual slow addition, required to obtain high enantiomer excesses in the aqueous/organic system. Widespread industrial application of the Sharpless system has been restricted by the high cost of the catalyst and toxicity of the osmium species. Aqueous and ▶ organic solvent nanofiltration had been assayed to isolate chiral product and recycle the osmium salt and chiral ligand hydroquinidine 1,4-phthalazinediyl diether (molecular weights, MW, of 368 Da and 779 Da, respectively) (Branco et al. 2008; Ferreira et al. 2007) into successive reactions. NMO with a molecular weight of 135 Da was used as co-oxidant for both aqueous/organic and aqueous/surfactant systems. Starmem120, a polyimide membrane with nominal ▶molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 200 Da, was used for the aqueous/organic system, composed of a water/acetone (25 v% acetone) mixture, with a lower water content than in the conventional Sharpless system, to improve solvent mixture flux through the membrane (Ferreira et al. 2007). On the other hand, a ▶ polyamide membrane, Desal DK, with a MWCO of about 250 Da, was used in the aqueous/surfactant system to retain both catalytic system and sodium