Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of removal percentage and adsorption capacity of activated red mud for removal of cyanide by artificial neural network

Abstract In this study, the activated red mud was used as a new and appropriate adsorbent for the removal of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide from aqueous solution. Predicting the removal percentage and adsorption capacity of ferro-ferricyanide by activated red mud during the adsorption process is necessary which has been done by modeling and simulation. The artificial neural network (ANN) was used to develop new models for the predictions. A back propagation algorithm model was trained to develop a predictive model. The effective variables including pH, absorbent amount, absorbent type, ionic strength, stirring rate, time, adsorbate type, and adsorbate dosage were considered as inputs of the models. The correlation coefficient value (R 2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values of the testing data for the removal percentage and adsorption capacity using ANN models were 0.8560, 12.5667, 0.9329, and 10.8117, respectively. The results showed that the proposed ANN models can be used to predict the removal percentage and adsorption capacity of activated red mud for the removal of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide with reasonable error.
Heat recovery gas absorption process

Apparatus comprising an absorber device provided with a plurality of sequentially adjacent sections for flowing a gas stream therethrough. A conduit infrastructure comprising a section configured to ingress, communicate with and egress from each section of the absorber device, and a recovery and regeneration section, is configured with a plurality of heat exchange and cooling equipment. A process wherein a liquid solvent provided with at least one chemical compound selected for reacting with the selected gaseous component, is counter-flowed against and commingled with the gas stream. The liquid solvent temperature is controllably manipulated between each section of the column to provide: (a) thermodynamic-driven mass transfer at the front end of the absorber device, and (b) kinetic-driven mass transfer at the back end of the absorber device. The heat generated during the recovery of the gaseous component from the absorption liquid solvent system is recovered for use in regenerating solvent system.
Oriented Decoration in Metal-Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Silicas and Their Catalytic Applications in the Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds

Ordered mesoporous silicas (OMSs) attract considerable attention due to their advanced structural properties. However, for the pristine silica materials, the inert property greatly inhibits their catalytic applications. Thus, to contribute to the versatile surface of OMSs, different metal active sites, including acidic/basic sites and redox sites, have been introduced into specific locations (mesoporous channels and framework) of OMSs and the metal-functionalized ordered mesoporous silicas (MOMSs) show great potential in the catalytic applications. In this review, we first present the categories of metal active sites. Then, the synthesized processes of MOMSs are thoroughly discussed, in which the metal active sites would be introduced with the assistance of organic groups into the specific locations of OMSs. In addition, the structural morphologies of OMSs are elaborated and the catalytic applications of MOMSs in the oxidation of aromatic compounds are illustrated in detail. Finally, the prospects for the future development in this field are proposed.
Elective Surgical Case Cancellation and Reasons in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Cancellation of elective surgical operation recognized as a major cause of emotional trauma to patients as well as their families. In Ethiopia, prevalence and reasons for elective surgical case cancellation are variable from time to time in different settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to find the pooled prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation. Besides, it aimed to find reasons for elective surgical case cancellation in Ethiopia.Methods: The databases for the search were Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar by the date 02/08/2020. To assess publication bias Egger's test regression analysis was applied. Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 5 studies with 5591 study participants. The pooled prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation was 21.41% (95% CI: 12.75 to 30.06%). Administration-related (34.50%) was the most common identified reason. Followed by Surgeon (25.29%), Medical (13.90%), and Patient-related reasons (13.34%). Conclusions: The national prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation was considerable. The most common reason for elective surgical case cancellation was administration-related reasons, followed by the surgeon, medical and patient-related reasons. The administrative or management-related reasons for the cancellations are potentially preventable. Thus, efforts should be made to prevent unnecessary cancellations through careful planning.
A Multi-Threaded Algorithm for Mining the Arabic Web Structure

: The world wide web has become the default destination of acquiring information in just about any knowledge domain. This range of knowledge covers a wide spectrum; from the latest technological advances in medical procedures to most effective drugs and most popular sports cars and personal accessories. The way the web is structured embodies implicit information within it that turns to be useful in information retrieval and in search engine applications. This paper presents an initial attempt at mining the structure of the Arabic portion of the web for the purpose to produce better results of search engines in the Arabic web space. We are presenting a multi-threaded algorithm that provides an initial attempt to reveal the structure of the Arabic web. The algorithm crawls the web and collects interlink information on as many as one million Arabic websites. The algorithm provides an initial analysis of the most “cited” websites and presents a list of the top 20 websites. We have used the website citation count as the measure for ranking a website. It is worth noting that the top ranked websites do not belong to specific categories such as sports, news, lifestyle, or others. Rather the websites on the top of the list represent more of directory websites. Some news websites are included in the top 20 list despite not at the very top of the list. Other categories are represented such as the technology category although represented with only one website at the bottom of the list.
Single-particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for systems-level analysis of molecular dynamics in diverse biological systems

Fluorescence microscopy has proven to be immensely powerful for the study of biological systems at both the cellular and systems biological levels. The ability to specifically label a single molecular species fluorescently has enabled the study of complex cellular structures through the visualization of their constituent components both individually as well as in context of the overall structure. Since the advent of engineered fluorescent proteins (such as GFP) and other proteins capable of being genetically encoded as fusion constructs, the utility of fluorescence microscopy has increased exponentially in terms of the ability to efficiently, specifically label desired molecules while limiting perturbations to the biology under study. With this enhanced ability of visualization came a hand-in-hand evolution of computational techniques to extract quantitative information from microscopy images. In this thesis, I focus on the application of fluorescence imaging at the biophysical level in living cells: analyzing the motion/dynamics of single molecules and complexes, which are small relative to the structures of the cell, in order to elucidate their molecular function and mechanism. The motion of these "particles" within living cells is necessarily related to their functions as well as their interacting partners, which can vary dynamically during their lifetimes. Observation and analysis of this motion using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and robust quantitative analysis allows one to infer these characteristics. Here, I study three diverse biological systems in the context of live-cell fluorescence microscopy and biophysical analysis: 1) the transport of 0-actin mRNA particles in primary mouse neurons, 2) kinetochore motion during cell division, specifically focusing on anaphase dynamics, and 3) the motion of cell-growth-implicated membrane proteins in Bacillus subtilis. Thesis Supervisor: Mark Bathe Title: Associate Professor of Biological Engineering, MIT
NASA's Space Launch System: Payload Opportunities for Lunar Exploration, Science Missions

Nearing its first launch, the Space Launch System (SLS), NASA’s new super heavy-lift launch vehicle, offers highly energetic launches that deliver more mass and provide more volume in 8.4 m-diameter and potentially larger fairings to make a new generation of deep space missions possible. An evolvable launcher available in crew, crew with a co-manifested payload (CPL) and cargo-only configurations, SLS is a crucial capability to enable astronauts to return to the Moon, but it also offers key benefits for science missions. NASA’s 21-century return to the Moon recently received a formal name: the Artemis program. In addition to the core enabling capabilities of SLS and the Orion crew spacecraft, NASA will also enlist international and commercial partnerships for Artemis. The Agency intends to build a scientific outpost in lunar orbit, the Gateway, from which human and robotic missions to and from the surface can rendezvous. SLS will launch Orion on a series of missions leading to landing the first woman and the next man on the Moon as part of Artemis. SLS uses proven propulsion systems: two solid rocket boosters and four RS-25s engines that have been upgraded to provide more thrust and operate in the SLS environment. SLS Block 1 uses a modified Delta IV Heavy upper stage, called the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) and lifts at least 26 metric tons (t) to trans-lunar injection (TLI). The Block 1 vehicle can also be outfitted with a 5 m-diameter fairing. Block 1B, the next major variant, also uses solid rocket boosters and RS-25 engines to achieve Earth escape velocity, but replaces the single-engine liquid hydrogen (LH2)/liquid oxygen (LOX) ICPS with a four-engine LH2/LOX Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) to increase mass to TLI to 34-37 t, depending on crew or cargo configuration. In the Block 1B crew configuration, a 10 m-tall Universal Stage Adapter (USA) connects the vehicle to Orion and can carry a CPL up to 10 t. The USA provides 286 m of unpressurized volume for payloads. For large payloads, 8.4 mand 10 m-diameter cargo fairings in 19.1 m and 27.4 m lengths are possible. The ultimate SLS vehicle, Block 2, incorporates evolved boosters to reach a lift capacity of more than 45 t to TLI. The capabilities of SLS not only make new missions to the Moon possible, but also game-changing science missions, such as deployment of large-aperture space telescopes, spacecraft to the ice giants or even probes to the interstellar medium. This paper will discuss the capabilities of SLS, the vehicle’s planned evolution, missions that can effectively utilize the vehicle and manufacturing status of the vehicle.
Outcomes of a medical second opinion programme before knee arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study

Background: German social legislation gives patients the right to obtain a second opinion before elective surgery and defines quality criteria for reimbursement by statutory health insurance. However, the effects of second opinions before elective surgery are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a second opinion programme in patients recommended for knee arthroplasty.Methods: The largest statutory health insurance funds in Bavaria offered patients to whom knee arthroplasty was recommended participation in a second opinion programme with personal presentation to an experienced knee surgeon. In this cohort study, consecutive patients from this second opinion programme who signed informed consent were included from 07/10/2016 to 14/02/2020. Data were collected before and after the second opinion visit.Results: A total of 141 (66%) of 215 second opinion patients participated in the evaluation study. The second opinion physician recommended knee arthroplasty to 40% of the patients, later knee arthroplasty if the conditions worsened to 40%, and no knee arthroplasty to 20%. The frequency of undecided patients decreased from 41% to 12%. After the second opinion, the patients were more confident in their decision according to the decision confidence scale (before: 5.4 ± 3.0; after: 7.8 ± 2.5; p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that higher radiological severity of osteoarthritis on the Kellgren/Lawrence scale (p = 0.001) and lower knee-joint-specific quality of life on the KOOS questionnaire (p = 0.041) were associated with the recommendation for knee arthroplasty by the second opinion physician. The patients rated their satisfaction with the second opinion programme with a mean grade of 1.35 (± 0.60) on a scale from 1 to 5.Conclusion: The second opinion of an experienced knee surgeon frequently deviates from the initial recommendation for knee arthroplasty. The results of this study suggest that a second opinion may improve adherence to guidelines for indications of knee arthroplasty. From the patient perspective, the second opinion reduces uncertainties in their treatment decision.
Well Endowed? The Actual, Estimated and Ideal Inequality of University Endowments

Whether and which university to attend are among the most financially consequential choices most people make, influencing their debt and future income. Universities with relatively larger endowments can offer better education experiences (e.g., scholarships, facilities, jobs), which can drive inequality in students’ subsequent outcomes, including income and wealth inequality. We explore three interrelated questions: first, we document the current level of educational inequality across universities; second, we assess people’s awareness of inequality; third, we assess people’s desired inequality. Educational inequality is large: the top 20% of universities has 80% of the total university endowment wealth while the bottom 20% has less than 1%. Three studies (n = 1,424) demonstrate people’s tendency to both underestimate university endowment inequality and to desire more equal distributions. These estimates and ideals are not well explained by participants’ background characteristics (including income and political affiliation), and are mostly unaffected by contextual factors (e.g., salience of the impact of endowments on educational experiences). A fourth study (n = 658) reveals that learning about the current level endowment inequality increases the perceived unfairness of the distribution of university wealth. We discuss the implications of increasing public awareness of educational inequality for both citizen’s behaviors (e.g., donations to universities) and educational policies (e.g., taxation, redistribution).
Reinforcing Security of DNS Using AWS Cloud

Domain Name System is a huge database that resides on various computers in the Internet infrastructure and is shortly referred to as DNS. DNS offers the service of mapping domain name with its corresponding IP address and vice versa over the internet. DNS, being open-source, is less secure and it has no uncommon method for deciding if data has been intercepted while transmission or information of a domain name originates from an approved domain owner or not. Hence, the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) was introduced by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to make the existing DNS more robust. Through starting point validation, information trustworthiness and confirmed disavowal of quality to DNS data gave by a name server, DNSSEC makes the DNS protocol secured. But still, the proposed DNSSEC was no longer featured with complete compliance to provide whole security in this system. To overcome this, Cloud computing with its comprehensive functions that have availability and reliability marked to emerge as DNS solutions infrastructures are incomparable. In this manner permitting to offer DNS as a service. This paper is planned at divulging the broad effect of the solutions furnished by means of the cloud for the DNS and its Security. It additionally talks about a few points of interest of cloud that settles on it the most ideal decision for DNS and the present arrangements being offered with DNS as a service.
Awareness among general public of India towards COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study

Background: Control of a pandemic is influenced considerably by practices followed by the general public which in turn is supposed to be influenced by the knowledge and its attitude. The study intended to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among the general public of India towards transmission of COVID-19.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was prepared from the awareness material available on the WHO and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India websites. The questionnaire contained 35 items (scored and un-scored both) in total (‘9’ from each viz KAP and ‘8’ to collect demographic details) and was sent to 600 people through e-mail for convenience sampling. The scores for KAP for an individual could range from 0-9, -5 to 5 and 0-8 respectively. Demographic variables were compared for scores attained and an association among KAP was measured.Results: A total of 229 volunteers representing different states/union territories were included in the analysis. The mean+SD scores attained for KAP were 3.9+1.9, 2.6+2.1, and 5.9+1.9 respectively. Around 39.7% of the individuals had adequate knowledge (score >50% of the maximum), 82.1% showed positive attitude (score >0) and 82.9% revealed appropriate practices (score >50% of the maximum). The scores attained by different age groups and genders were comparable. A fair correlation between KA, KP, and a good correlation between AP was found. The associations of KAP with each other were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: A positive attitude and appropriate practices were seen in the majority whereas adequate knowledge was there in a fair number of participants. Overall awareness among the general public of India was satisfactory.
Compositions and methods for treating myelofibrosis

Compositions and methods for treating myelofibrosis in a subject is provided herein. This method is an effective amount, N-tert-Butyl-3 - [(5-methyl-2 - [[4- (2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy) phenyl] amino] pyrimidin-4-yl) amino] benzene comprising administering a sulfonamide or a compound which is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a hydrate thereof to a subject.
Assessing Integrative Complexity as a predictor of morphological learning using neural networks and artificial language learning

Morphological paradigms differ widely across languages: some feature relatively few contrasts, and others, dozens. Under the view that languages are under pressure to be learnable and that the distribution of languages in the world reflects biases in language learning, this diversity is surprising – how could paradigms which apparently differ so markedly be similarly learnable? Recent work on morphological complexity has argued that even very large paradigms are designed such that they are easy to learn and use. Specifically, Ackerman & Malouf, 2013 propose an information-theoretic measure, i-complexity, which captures the extent to which forms in one part of a paradigm predict forms elsewhere in the paradigm, and contrast this measure with e-complexity, which captures the number of distinctions made by the language and the different ways to mark each grammatical function. They show that languages which differ widely in e-complexity exhibit similar i-complexity; in other words, morphological paradigms with many contrasts reduce the learnability challenge for learners by having predictive relationships between forms. Here, we test whether i-complexity predicts the learnability of inflectional paradigms using both recurrent neural networks and human participants trained on an artificial language. Furthermore, we compare the effect of i-complexity on learning with that of e-complexity. We find that in RNNs both i- and e-complexity have an effect on learning: paradigms with lower i- and e-complexity are easier to learn, although the effect of e-complexity is larger. However, for human learners, we find only weak evidence (if any) that low i-complexity paradigms are easier to learn; in contrast, low e-complexity is clearly beneficial for learning. This suggests that i-complexity might have relatively little influence on the learnability of inflectional paradigms, with other factors, such as the e-complexity having a greater effect. These results suggest that appealing to i-complexity does not fully resolve the paradox of cross-linguistic variation in morphological systems.
Synthesis, structurale elucidation and antioxidant study of Ortho-substituted N,N’-bis(benzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine derivatives

Some bis(thiourea) compounds have been reported to posses excellent performance in pharmaceutical and environmental fields because of their ability to form chelating complexes with various anions and metal ions. Structurally for carbonyl thiourea derivatives, to become a chelating agent, it must adopt cis-configuration. In the present study, four new bis(thiourea) derivatives namely N,N’-bis(o-fluorobenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (1), N,N’- bis(o-chloro-benzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (2), N,N’-bis(o-nitrobenzamidothiocarbonyl)-hydrazine (3), and N,N’-bis(o-methylbenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (4) were successfully synthesized and characterized by CHNS microelemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. However chemical crystallography study showed that both thiourea moieties in compound (2) and (3) adopt trans geometry. Therefore they are potential monodentate ligand with two active moieties. DPPH radical scavenging experiment showed that compound (1), (2), and (4) exhibited higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).
The Effects of Sex and Seasonality on the Metal Levels of Warty Crab (Eriphia verrucosa) in the Black Sea

ABSTRACT The present paper examines the impacts of gender and season variables on the nutritional composition and metal levels of warty crab caught in the central Black Sea region (Ordu). Crab samples were caught over four seasons, using gillnets, trammel net, and SCUBA diving. Results of chemical analysis showed that protein, lipid, moisture, and total mineral substance level ranges of male crabs were 20.45–22.64%, 0.95–1.27%, 75.44–77.09%, and 1.63–2.08%, while these ranges in female individuals were determined as 19.45–21.46%, 0.63–0.92%, 75.44–77.44%, and 2.08–3.28%, respectively. Macro and trace element levels in crab muscle tissue were determined as K > P > Na > Ca > Mg and Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Se > Ni > Mo > Co, respectively. Cd and Pb levels in crab muscle tissue were determined to be lower than the limit values given in codices independent of the seasonal variables. However, as the levels were found to be above the limit values, metal concentrations in crabs were also evaluated based on provisional tolerable daily intake and provisional tolerable weekly intake limits.