Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of subchronic exposure to fluoride and role of Moringa stenopetala on hematologic parameters in mice

Any toxicant gaining acess to the body and is not eliminated by liver and kidney, where these organs themselves affected by fluoride accumulation, tend to accumulate and affect the circulatory system. Fluoride accumulated in the blood circulatory system could induce abnormalities generally affecting hematologic parameters. Studies implicated that among the mechanisms by which fluorosis cause damage to tissues is through oxidative stress. Moringa (Moringa stenopetala, Bac.) an endogenous tree to Ethiopia is rich in antioxidants, and has potent antiodxidative effect. to investigate effects of fluorosis on hematologic parameteres, and the role of Moringa stenopetala leaf extract, randomized control study was conducted using 2 months old 24 (12 male and 12 female) Swiss Albino Mice, average weight 33.8±5.5g, randomly allocated in to 5 experimental groups and one control group with free access of pelleted food. The mice took different doses of fluoride, and both fluoride and Moringa stenopetala together for 90 days. On day 91, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and complete blood count was measured. There was no significant difference in hematological indices between control mice and those mice treated with fluoride and, fluoride and crude extract of Moringa stenopetala crude extract together (p>0.05). Exposure of this concentration for years or higher concentration for months may increase the probability of fluoride toxicity on hematological parameters.
Basics in clinical neurophysiology: Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography in nerve entrapment syndromes

The following chapter provides an overview about the principles of nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. Emphasis is given to its application in the diagnostic evaluation of entrapment syndromes of the upper extremity. Typical findings in frequent entrapment syndromes are described as well as grading systems. Relevant indications and limitations are discussed.
Object Detection with Automotive Radar Sensors using CFAR Algorithms

One of the most important tasks in radar signal processing is to reliably detect objects in the surrounding of the radar sensor. This can be done by comparing the frequency spectrum of the measured signal to a specific detection threshold. Using a constant threshold value may cause a large number of wrong object detections. Thus, so-called constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithms are used, which are able to calculate an adaptive threshold value due to the estimated noise floor. Two methods widely used in frequency modulated continuous wave radar (FMCW) systems will be presented, which differ in how the noise estimation is achieved. In the first part of this thesis the principles of both methods are explained and compared in the means of Matlab simulations. Therefore, the signal of interest is directly calculated in the intermediate frequency (IF)-Domain and distorted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Since the CFAR algorithms are adapted to a specific noise model, the detection performance should become independent of the Gaussian background noise power. In the second part the presented CFAR algorithms are tested based on measured FMCW radar signals, with the aim to detect non-moving objects.
Building gender-aware ecosystems for learning, leadership, and growth

The purpose of the paper is to examine processes of entrepreneurial learning and leadership development (ELLD) for women involved in growth-oriented businesses. It considers how ELLD can be supported by building gender-aware ecosystems for growth. ,Data are from a small-scale study of a growth accelerator program in Canada run by Alberta Women Entrepreneurs. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, drawing on interview, document, and observational data. ,The study finds that three key activities – formal learning, informal learning and peer / community support – are central to women entrepreneurs’ learning and leadership development. In line with emerging scholarship, entrepreneurial learning is found to be strongly relational, with social capital playing a central role in the formation of human capital. ,This study contributes to the understanding of the micro-foundations of growth, the processes involved in ELLD and the importance of developing gender-aware ecosystems.
Miniaturization of two high throughput metabolic stability assays in early drug discovery

When it was recognized that evaluation of pharmacokinetic (PK) properties during drug discovery strongly inﬂuenced the success rate during clinical development, ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) properties gained more and more attention in the pharmaceutical industry. One of the important PK properties to investigate is metabolic clearance since it directly relates to drug elimination and bioavailability. This master’s thesis project was performed at AstraZeneca whereinvitrometabolicstabilityisscreenedinearlydrugdevelopmentusinghuman liver microsomes and cryopreserved rat hepatocytes. The assays are run in 96-well format and the aim of this project was to miniaturize the two assays to 384-well format. Diﬀerent equipment was tested when performing the experiments and the incubation volumes were optimized. The developed assay using human liver microsomes was validated in two steps. First, intra-assay and inter-assay variability was determinedandtheassaywascomparedwiththeexisting96-wellformatassay. The resulting data showed that AFE was 1.30 and AAFE 1.33. Then, the data was used to investigate the in vivo prediction and the results showed that the data align well with in vivo clearance data. The CLint values obtained from the developed assay using hepatocytes were on average lower than the CLint values obtained from the existing assay. Adding shaking decreased AFE from 2.19 to 1.29 and AAFE from 2.52 to 1.62 but seven of the 19 tested compounds did still have an average fold change ≥ 2. Lack of suﬃcient mixing during incubation was probably the main reason.
Evaluation of Humeral Immunity against Three Hydatid Cyst Antigens of Camels Using Secondary Cyst Development in Rabbit Model

623 EVALUATION OF HUMERAL IMMUNITY AGAINST THREE HYDATID CYST ANTIGENS OF CAMELS USING SECONDARY CYST DEVELOPMENT IN RABBIT MODEL By WALEED M. MOUSA, OLFAT A. MAHDY, AZZA M. ABDEL-WAHAB AND SOHAILA M. EL-GAMEEL Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, P.O. Box 12211, Egypt (*Correspondence: dr.olfat.mahdy@gmail.com) Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the commonest zoonotic parasitosis of worldwide distrib-ution. This study induced a protective immunity against secondary hydatidosis by using conven-tional vaccination approaches and evaluated the accompanied humeral immune response. For antigen preparation Hydatid cysts (HC) were collected from camels slaughtered at Cairo abattoir, during 2015.Three groups of male rabbits were immunized subcutaneously with crude Hydatid cyst fluid (CHCF), partially purified Hydatid cyst fluid (ppHCF) and protoscolices (PSC) antigens. After two boosters, rabbits were challenged intra peritoneally with 2000 viable protoscolices, and the humeral immune response was analyzed using ELISA. Percent of protection against HC was 93.0 %, 88.4 % and 86.0 % in immunized rabbits with ppHCF, PSC and CHCF antigens respectively. Antibody level in immunized group with ppHCF antigen on day 28 was higher than before immunization and was higher than that in CHCF and PSC antigen groups. The results of this article indicate that ppHCF antigen can be used as a candidate for vaccine production.
GENETIC EFFECTS AFTER HEAVY ION IRRADIATION OF HAPLOID AND DIPLOID YEAST CELLS

We have investigated the biological effects induced by different accelerated ions ( 4 He, 11 B, 12 C, 15 N, and 20 Ne) with different energies and linear energy transfers (LETs) and determined their relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for lethal damage and gene mutations. In particular, base pair substitution induction by ionizing radiation in haploid and diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. We have detected the GC-AT transition in the haploid strain and the AT-TA transversion in the diploid strain. The RBE dependence on LET for lethal mutations is described by a curve with a local maximum at LET of about 100 keV/μm. It is shown that the mutation frequency increases with increasing the dose up to 1000 Gy for diploid cells irradiated by different ions. A decrease in RBE with increasing LET has been observed for diploid cells. However, for haploid cells irradiated at doses of up to 100 Gy, the curves seem to have a plateau. The RBE dependence on LET for haploid cells is different and also has a plateau. But for substitution induction in haploid cells, an ion beam with a high LET (177 keV/μm) is less mutagenic than the one with a low LET (44–127 keV/μm). Therefore, we have obtained different biological effects of accelerated ions for haploid and diploid cells.
Apply Model-Free Adaptive Control Approach for Mobile Robot Path Following

With the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence technology, mobile service robots have begun to be used in our lives. Based on the design of the automatic navigation function, the mobile service robot is allowed to move autonomously and perform daily human services, such as automatic cleaning and automatic delivery. Based on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) [1], the autonomous navigation of mobile robot will become a reality. If exclude the SLAM, the remaining works of autonomous navigation are including path planning and path following.
Burner control using flame signals

In a series of fundamental test various flame signals were examined for their suitability in burner control. The tests showed that the radiation emitted by the flame is the most suitable characteristic for controlling a fuel-lean premixed flame (over a wide excess air range). A fully functional control system on a laboratory scale featuring fiber-optic instrumentation was set up for the low-NO x premixed SINOX burner(1) developed by Ruhrgas. This sytem ensures reliable burner control at defined distance from the flame stability limit irrespective of gas type, air preheating and any disturbances. Thanks to the exceptional capabilities of this control system, a gas types change from the first family of gases to the third family of gases and vice versa is possible without disruption to burner operation. Any disturbances are identified and quickly compensated. First tests with near-stoichiometric mixtures on for nozzle-mixing burners representing the full range of industrial gas burner types have so far shown that optical flame signal control is only feasible for burners woth good mixing characteristics. On others burners, the use of flame signals for burner control is still subject to numerous restrictions
Impossible Theorem and Possibilities of Development Studies

This article evaluates the ‘impossibility theorem’ of ‘development studies’. It is imperative to reject the ‘impossibility theorem’ based on essentialist perspectives and performative indicators of economic growth and development. It is necessary to revive the radical promise of ‘development studies’ as a discipline to address the issues and predicaments of people and their societies around the world. A simple rejection of the ‘impossibility theorem’ is not possible unless ‘development studies’ reasserts itself as a critical discipline to analyse, understand and guide social, economic and cultural transformations based on historical experiences. The article argues that ‘development studies’ have to be free from the influences of economics and its model-driven logic and revive its emancipatory language of transformation in our society.
Efficiency of mobile eye camps for providing combined eye and vision care in underserved areas in Uttarakhand

To report eye examinations findings and cost-efficiency of mobile eye and vision care screening in underserved areas in north India. The Aloka Vision Program combines optometrical and ophthalmological screening as mobile eye camps with organized referrals to local eye hospitals. 402 people from urban (N = 191) and rural (N = 211) areas in the district of Uttarakhand, India, were screened for refractive error (RE), visual acuity (VA) and eye health. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA model and odd ratios. Costs were estimated based on the expenses of the camps. 44% of the participants were male and 56% were female and the age ranged from 7 to 72 years (urban) and 7 to 80 years (rural). Lack of accessibility of eye care was mentioned by 10% of the urban and 47% of the rural participants, why not attending regular vision test. Mild and severe visual impairment VA < 0.5 logMAR affected every fifth person, independent from the living environment. RE showed a myopic trend for the urban environment (#916; M = 0.67D, p = 0.11). The risk for blindness was three times higher in rural compared to the urban area, mainly caused by cataract. The major costs are given by the treatments (5%), followed by mobilization and organization (~30%), whereas personal costs are low (~11%). Combined eye and vision care models reduce costs for separated screenings organization and thus can increase the effectiveness of eye screening programs significantly.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Bistable Figure-Ground Perception

The appearance of visual objects varies substantially across the visual field. Could such spatial heterogeneity be due to undersampling of the visual field by neurons selective for stimulus categories? Here, we show that which parts of a bistable vase-face image observers perceive as figure and ground depends on the retinal location where the image appears. The spatial patterns of these perceptual biases were similar regardless of whether the images were upright or inverted. Undersampling by neurons tuned to an object class (e.g., faces) or variability in general local versus global processing cannot readily explain this spatial heterogeneity. Rather, these biases could result from idiosyncrasies in low-level sensitivity across the visual field.
Separable roles of the DNA damage response kinase Mec1ATR and its activator Rad24RAD17 within the regulation of meiotic recombination

During meiosis, programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed by the topoisomerase-like enzyme, Spo11, activating the DNA damage response (DDR) kinase Mec1ATR via the checkpoint clamp loader, Rad24RAD17. At single loci, loss of Mec1 and Rad24 activity alters Spo11-dependent DSB formation and recombination outcome, but their genome-wide roles have not been examined in detail. Here we utilise two distinct methods to characterise the roles Mec1 and Rad24 play in meiotic recombination—deletion of the mismatch repair protein, Msh2, and control of meiotic prophase length via regulation of the Ndt80 transcription factor—to enable genome-wide mapping of meiotic progeny. In line with previous studies, we observe a reduction in the frequency of recombination upon deletion of RAD24—driven by a shortened prophase. By contrast, loss of Mec1 function increases recombination frequency, consistent with its role in DSB trans-interference. Despite this difference in recombination rate, complex, multi-chromatid events initiated by closely spaced DSBs—a rare event in wild type cells—occur more frequently in the absence of either Rad24 or Mec1, suggesting a loss of spatial regulation at the level of DSB formation. We further demonstrate that Mec1 and Rad24 also have important, yet distinct, roles in the spatial regulation of crossovers (COs). Specifically, excess DSBs forming in the absence of Mec1 are disproportionately channelled into the non-crossover (NCO) and non-interfering CO pathways, reducing the global strength of interference without an explicit change in the frequency of interfering COs. In direct contrast, loss of Rad24 weakens interference via a reduction in the apparent number of interfering COs—similar, but less extreme, to the phenotype of ‘ZMM’ mutants such as zip3Δ. Collectively, our results highlight novel and unique roles for Rad24 within meiotic recombination—beyond those mediated by activation of Mec1—and describe new roles for the DDR in several important aspects of meiosis.
Rapid Temporal Recalibration to Audiovisual Asynchrony Occurs Across the Difference in Neural Processing Speed Based on Spatial Frequency

Audiovisual integration relies on temporal synchrony between visual and auditory stimuli. The brain rapidly adapts to audiovisual asynchronous events by shifting the timing of subjective synchrony in the direction of the leading modality of the most recent event, a process called rapid temporal recalibration. This phenomenon is the flexible function of audiovisual synchrony perception. Previous studies found that neural processing speed based on spatial frequency (SF) affects the timing of subjective synchrony. This study examined the effects of SF on the rapid temporal recalibration process by discriminating whether the presentation of the visual and auditory stimuli was simultaneous. I compared the magnitudes of the recalibration effect between low and high SF visual stimuli using two techniques. First, I randomly presented each SF accompanied by a tone during one session, then in a second experiment, only a single SF was paired with the tone throughout the one session. The results indicated that rapid recalibration occurred regardless of difference in presented SF between preceding and test trials. The recalibration magnitude did not significantly differ between the SF conditions. These findings confirm that intersensory temporal process is important to produce rapid recalibration and suggest that rapid recalibration can be induced by the simultaneity judgment criterion changes attributed to the low-level temporal information of audiovisual events.
Goldilocks: a tool for identifying genomic regions that are ‘just right’

Summary: We present Goldilocks: a Python package providing functionality for collecting summary statistics, identifying shifts in variation, discovering outlier regions and locating and extracting interesting regions from one or more arbitrary genomes for further analysis, for a user-provided definition of interesting. Availability and implementation: Goldilocks is freely available open-source software distributed under the MIT licence. Source code is hosted publicly at https://github.com/SamStudio8/goldilocks and the package may also be installed using pip install goldilocks. Documentation can be found at https://goldilocks.readthedocs. org. Contact: msn@aber.ac. uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Taxonomic studies and optimization of Lentinus tuberregium (HM060586) Tamil Nadu, India

The genus Lentinus is a white rot fungus, with many taxonomic controversies and it has attracted the attention of many mycologists for many years. Basidiospore shape, size and structure and pileal surface have been used as primary taxonomic character in the identification of Lentinus spp. However, high levels of phenotypic plasticity and descriptive key led many taxonomists to explore chemical and molecular methods to distinguish the species of Lentinus. Phylogenetic studies were initiated in Lentinus during 1990’s based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 26SrDNA. Their studies implied the significance of ITS gene in systematic. Growth requirements of Lentinus tuberregium (Fr.), was optimized using different carbon, nitrogen, vitamins and amino acids followed by different ratio of C:N showed significant increment on biomass of mycelium with the amendment of dextrose, yeast extract, thiamine and glycine. Different rational supplement of dextrose and yeast extract confirmed the effective mycelia formation with 1:3 and 1:5 ratio.
Introduced garden plants are strong competitors of native and alien residents under simulated climate change

Most invasive plants have been originally introduced for horticultural purposes. Still, most alien garden plants have not naturalized yet, probably due in part to inadequate climatic conditions. Climate change may alter this, but few experimental studies have addressed this for non‐naturalized alien garden plants, and those that have, addressed only singular aspects of climate change. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the performance of nine non‐naturalized alien herbaceous garden plants of varying climatic origins in response to simulated climate warming and reduced water availability, in a factorial design, as projected for southern Germany. To assess their invasion potential, we grew the species in competition with resident native and already‐naturalized alien species. Reduced watering negatively affected non‐naturalized garden plants, as well as the native and naturalized competitors, particularly at higher temperatures. However, non‐naturalized aliens performed better relative to competitors when temperatures increased. Naturalized and native resident competitor responses to climate change were both negative, but across climate treatments, non‐naturalized aliens, irrespective of their climatic origins, performed better against native than against naturalized competitors. Synthesis. We conclude that relative performance compared to resident species may increase for non‐naturalized alien garden plants under climate change, as resident species become less competitive. Ongoing climate change is therefore likely to promote naturalization of commonly planted alien herbaceous species.
Seven Survival Senses: Evolutionary Training Makes Discerning Differences More Natural Than Spotting Similarities

Abstract This article discusses preliminary results from two experiments and puts forth the notion that the development of sensory systems might be more geared toward discerning differences rather than for spotting similarities. The article presents the possibility that the necessity to spot differences might have evolved to ensure the survival of the organism, which suggests numerous other experiments to assess the response of participants to various stimuli. The article considers our present state of affairs, wherein the need is to thrive and not merely survive, which requires us to spot similarities around us. Some suggestions are provided on how this attribute can be developed, which includes mathematical education. This article concludes with an alternate measure for intelligence, termed the Involvement Quotient (also, IQ), which gauges the level of involvement of the sense organs to whatever is happening around the individual.