Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer System Design: System-on-Chip

The next generation of computer system designers will be less concerned about details of processors and memories, and more concerned about the elements of a system tailored to particular applications. These designers will have a fundamental knowledge of processors and other elements in the system, but the success of their design will depend on the skills in making system-level tradeoffs that optimize the cost, performance and other attributes to meet application requirements. This book provides a new treatment of computer system design, particularly for System-on-Chip (SOC), which addresses the issues mentioned above. It begins with a global introduction, from the high-level view to the lowest common denominator (the chip itself), then moves on to the three main building blocks of an SOC (processor, memory, and interconnect). Next is an overview of what makes SOC unique (its customization ability and the applications that drive it). The final chapter presents future challenges for system design and SOC possibilities.
A Computational Model of View Degeneracy and its Application to Active Focal Length Control

We quantify the observation by Kender and Freudenstein [12] that degenerate views occupy a signi cant fraction of the viewing sphere surrounding an object. This demonstrates that systems for recognition must explicitly account for the possibility of view degeneracy. We show that view degeneracy cannot be detected from a single camera viewpoint. As a result, systems designed to recognize objects from a single arbitrary viewpoint must be able to function in spite of possible undetected degeneracies, or else operate with imaging parameters that cause acceptably low probabilities of degeneracy. To address this need, we give a prescription for active control of focal length that allows a principled tradeo between the camera eld of view and probability of view degeneracy.
Pseudo Fuzzy colour calibration for sport video segmentation

Video segmentation is one of the most important parts of a vision system which allows partitioning each frame into homogeneous regions that share a common property. This work proposes a new methodology that aggregates three different techniques: background subtraction, region growing and a pseudo Fuzzy colour model to deﬁne colour subspaces that characterize each class. In addition, the pseudo Fuzzy colour model allows a given colour to belong to more than one class and enables the expansion of the classes through a dynamic model based on belonging and persistence information. In case of shared colours among classes, regional features are searched in order to determine the object’s class. Tests with test and real videos of sports footages show promising results.
Integrating Architectural Views in UML

To support the development of software products we frequently make use of general-purpose software development models (and tools) such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML). However, software development in general and software architecting in particular (which is the main focus of our work) require more than what those general-purpose models can provide. Architecting is about: 1) modeling the real problem adequately 2) solving the model problem and 3) interpreting the model solution in the real world In doing so, a major emphasis is placed on mismatch identification and reconciliation within and among architectural views (such as diagrams). We often find that this latter aspect, the analysis and interpretation of (architectural) descriptions, is under-emphasized in most general-purpose languages. We architect not only because we want to build (compose) but also because we want to understand. Thus, architecting has a lot to do with analyzing and verifying the conceptual integrity, consistency, and completeness of the product model. The emergence of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which has become a de-facto standard for OO software development, is no exception to that. This work describes causes of architectural mismatches in UML views and shows how integration techniques can be applied to identify and resolve them in a more automated fashion. In order to do so, this work introduces a view integration framework and describes its major activities – Mapping, Transformation, and Differentiation. To deal with the integration complexity and scalability of our approach, the concept of VIR (view independent representation) is introduced and described.
E_Universities Services in the New Social Eco-systems:Security Risk Analysis : Using Conversational Agents to Help Teach Information Security Risk Analysis

New social eco-systems and globalization are creating new challenges to educational institutions. Teachers need now not only to consider personal differences among their students, but also to take care of different cultural behaviors. Teacher are now expected to provide both a standardized and individual knowledge transfer to their students. This conflict may be resolved by utilizing results from artificial intelligence research, in particular chat bots. By giving the teacher a virtual assistant who can take care of the basic knowledge provisioning, the teacher has more freedom to handle the complex situations. In this paper we provide a short overview of relevant research that we used to build our own knowledge bot. The results from using the bot in teaching a undergrad class in Sweden is presented, together with an analysis and some suggestions for future work.
Reconstruction and robust reduced-order observation of flexible variables

This paper discusses reconstruction and estimation of flexible variables from multiple strain measurements for use in state feedback control of flexible manipulators. Reconstruction is proposed for obtaining flexible mode amplitudes from the measurements, and estimation for the modal velocities. Design of the observer for estimation of the velocities is discussed with regard to robust implementation. The performance of the observer is examined experimentally for several specifications of the error dynamics.
Analogue-digital ASICs : circuit techniques, design tools and applications

* Chapter 1: Introduction * Chapter 2: Technology and modeling aspects of an advanced BiCMOS ASIC process * Chapter 3: High performance operational amplifiers and comparators * Chapter 4: Switched capacitor filters * Chapter 5: Switched-current techniques for analogue sampled data signal processing * Chapter 6: Data converters * Chapter 7: Oversampling converters * Chapter 8: Self-calibrating and algorithmic converters * Chapter 9: A high flexibility BiCMOS standard cell library for mixed analogue-digital ASICs * Chapter 10: Practical aspects of mixed analogue-digital design * Chapter 11: Some applications of mixed signal ASICs * Chapter 12: A video communication application of an analogue-digital ASIC * Chapter 13: High level simulation and hardware description languages * Chapter 14: Circuit level/gate level mixed-mode simulation * Chapter 15: Testing mixed analogue-digital circuits * Chapter 16: Towards high level synthesis of mixed signal ASICs * Chapter 17: Automated high level synthesis of data conversation systems * Chapter 18: Automated analogue design
TAPENADE 2.1 user's guide

This is the user's manual for the version 2.1 of the Automatic Differentiation tool TAPENADE. Given a source computer program that computes a differentiable mathematical function $F$, TAPENADE builds a new source program that computes some of the derivatives of $F$, specifically directional derivatives ("tangent mode") and gradients ("reverse mode"). This report summarizes the mathematical justifications of Automatic Differentiation, then describes in full detail the differentiation model that TAPENADE implements. Our goal is to give the users of TAPENADE a precise understanding of the actions and choices made while differentiating programs, so as to improve their confidence in the produced source programs. This report documents all the available options and parameterizations that the users can give to TAPENADE, and conversely all the diagnosis and requirements that TAPENADE may issue towards the users. After a brief description of TAPENADE's architecture and performances, this report describes more fully the validation and improvement techniques for differentiated codes.
Real-time full-body motion capture in virtual worlds

This report details the integration of real-time motion-capture into VR physics-enabled environments. This report also treats of the basics of real-time rigid body dynamics, how these dynamics are used to integrate the motion capture into VR, and how to increase the stability of the physics simulation. The report describes some points of the research and implementation that went into creating Lumo Scenario, a networked VR environment, developed at re-lion, that is used as a frame to run the motion capture simulation in. The motion capture integration techniques are applied in particular to the kinematics generated by motion-capturing a full human body using inertial sensors. A high-level overview is given of a demonstration application that shows off these technologies.
Toward EMG-controlled force field generation for training and rehabilitation: From movement data to muscle geometry

EMG signals are often used to control prostheses or assistive devices, but have been rarely used in rehabilitation. We propose a novel approach to personalised rehabilitation, based on EMG-driven force field adaptation. As a step toward this direction, here we show how EMG activity and movement data during a robot-assisted motor task can be used to estimate muscle geometry. We compare three different models of muscle geometry, characterised by (i) constant moment arms (CM); (ii) a normative model, based on polynomial functions of joint angles with fixed coefficients (normative polynomial, NP); and (iii) a person-adaptive model, in which the same polynomial model is fitted to individual subjects data (fitted polynomial, FP). We found that the FP model has the best performance, specially for subjects whose size is farther from ‘average’. The fitting results also emphasise the adverse effect of muscles co-contraction.
Fuzzy Rule Based Computer Design

Part I: Introduction to Design Methods Concepts, Status, and Goals Key Concepts and Definitions Status of System OOD Presentation Overview Process Management MIL-STD-499B CMM Concurrent Engineering TQM Process Impacts on Design Design Methods General Concepts Structured Analysis and Design Object Oriented Design Objects Classes Operations and Polymorphism Inheritance Abstraction Encapsulation Summary and Significance Graphical Methods Diagram Types and Rules State Transition and Timing Diagrams Class, Object, Data Flow Diagrams DFD and Process Diagrams Module Diagrams Vendor Tool Taxonomy and Examples Requirements Traceability Document and Code Generators Simulation Significance of the Methods in VP VP Metaphors Microcircuit Design Software Design Hardware Hotbench Flight Simulation and the Avionics Hotbench Summary Technology and Overview of VP Technology Elements Virtual Reality Synthetic Vision Natural Language Knowledge Based Systems Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks Fuzzy and Conventional Methods VP Concepts Part II: System Design and Synthesis Requirements Operational Requirements System Decomposition and Top Level Requirements Lower Tier Requirements Sample Requirements Traceability Automated Requirements Formulation and Documentation Simulation and Technology Capability Model Types Higher Order Languages and Object Oriented Design Object Oriented C++ Object Oriented Ada Elements of VHDL Instruction Set Simulation Significance of the Simulation Tools Design Capture Expert System For Design User Inputs Analysis Configuration Outputs Fuzzy Rule Based Design New Design Case Study Architecture Reengineering Case Study Status of Automated Design Prototype Evaluation The VP Simulation Engine Scheduled Processes Example Statistical Processes The VP Engine Virtual Trade Studies Product Synthesis Status of Automated Prototyping Part III: Synergism of OOD and VP Design Trends and Issues Systems Engineering Standards Expert Systems Revisited The Significance of OOD Trends in Enabling Technologies Project Approaches and Solutions Index
A Study on Versatile Recognition using Haar-like Features

In wireless sensor network and wearable computing applications, multiple sensors are integrated into the autonomous sensor nodes to detect and recognize automatically what the user is doing and what is happening around the subject. Because the computation platform is highly limited with the resource, the sensor nodes are required to treat various types of signals such as image, sound, and acceleration signals simultaneously at extremely low power. The pattern recognition for each sensor type has been developed based on different concepts in conventional studies. Consequently, the naïve integration of these conceptually and structurally different methods may result in higher calculation cost, larger chip area, and more complex system architecture. In this study, a world first versatile recognition algorithm has been proposed to process image, sound, and 3-D acceleration signals with a common framework at low computational cost. Chapter 1 discusses several potential target applications of versatile recognition, and explains the significance of context recognition. Then, we discuss on the characteristic constraints of a system comprising the wireless sensing devices. Based on the discussions and a literature survey, our work is outlined. In Chapter 2, the methods of extending the use of Haar-like filters to sound signals are discussed. By representing the localized sine wave by scaling and repeating Haar-like feature patterns, information on the shape of spectrum can be extracted. The use of decimation technique and integral signal representations are introduced to reduce the computational cost of Haar-like feature extraction. In Chapter 3, the basic statistical features conventionally used in human activity recognition are integrated in Haar-like feature extraction framework. Firstly, Mean-Embedded Haar-like feature is proposed to extract a standard deviation-like feature which can be used to capture the range of possible acceleration values differ among different activities. Secondly, Biaxial Haar-like feature is proposed to extract correlation-like feature which can be useful to recognize the human activities which involve a translation in just one dimension. In Chapter 4, multiple techniques to construct an efficient classifier are discussed. In our work, the cascade classifier is employed as a basic structure. We proposed Positive Estimation method to utilize how well the detection is made by the previous stages to reduce the computational cost. We also introduce Redundant Feature Selection to re-use the previously selected feature. In addition, Dynamic Look-up Table is proposed to reduce the data size of cascaded classifier. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on various sound recognition problems such as speech/nonspeech classification, gender recognition, speaker recognition, emotion recognition, and environmental sound recognition, and human activity recognition. Chapter 5 discusses on the limitations of our versatile recognition approach. Finally, we conclude our work with a list of achievements and propositions for future work.
Powerful Learning: What We Know About Teaching for Understanding

FOREWORD. ABOUT THE AUTHORS. INTRODUCTION: TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR UNDERSTANDING. (Linda Darling-Hammond) Chapter 1: HOW CAN WE TEACH FOR MEANINGFUL LEARNING? (Brigid Barron and Linda Darling-Hammond) Chapter 2: READING FOR UNDERSTANDING. (P. David Pearson, Gina N. Cervetti, and Jennifer L. Tilson) Chapter 3: MATHEMATICS FOR UNDERSTANDING. (Alan H. Schoenfeld) Chapter 4: TEACHING SCIENCE FOR UNDERSTANDING. (Timothy D. Zimmerman and Elizabeth K. Stage) Chapter 5: CONCLUSION: CREATING SCHOOLS THAT DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING. (Linda Darling-Hammond) APPENDIX. BIBLIOGRAPHY. SUBJECT INDEX. NAME INDEX.
Modélisation, simulation, métrologie et optimisation en génie des procédés -- Quatre piliers pour une science

Ce document presente les recherches menees par l'auteur de 1996 a 2010. Elles concernent en particulier les ecoulements et transferts de matiere et de chaleur en milieu poreux, vus a la fois a l'echelle du procede et a l'echelle des phenomenes. Pour chacune de ces echelles, des systemes de mesure ainsi que des modeles et simulations numeriques ont ete developpes conjointement. A l'echelle globale, on a en particulier pu etudier la distribution de la phase liquide dans les trickle-beds. On a egalement propose et valide un modele de transfert de matiere et de chaleur dans des tissus. A l'echelle locale, les simulations de l'ecoulement liquide dans un milieu poreux parfaitement defini ont ete confrontees avec succes a des mesures de gradients de vitesse et de direction de l'ecoulement au niveau du garnissage obtenues grâce a un systeme de microelectrodes. Des etudes plus prospectives concernant le developpement de methodologies d'estimation parametriques et l'optimisation dynamique et globale des procedes sont presentees dans une seconde partie. L'objectif est de pouvoir dimensionner et maitriser le fonctionnement de procedes grâce a une methode d'etude detaillee de procedes, depuis la construction de modeles, leur validation, l'obtention de resultats numeriques et leur optimisation.
The Role of Tasks in the Internet Health Information Searching of Chinese Graduate Students

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between types of health information tasks and the Internet information search processes of Chinese graduate students at the University of North Texas. the participants' Internet information search processes were examined by looking at the source used to start the search, language selection, use of online translation tools, and time spent. in a computer classroom, 45 Chinese graduate students searched the Internet and completed three health information search tasks: factual task, interpretative task, and exploratory task. Data of the Chinese graduate students’ health information search processes were gathered from Web browser history files, answer sheets, and questionnaires. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were conducted to test the relationships between the types of tasks and variables identified in the search process. Results showed that task types only had a statistically significant impact on the time spent. for the three tasks, the majority of Chinese graduate students used search engines as major sources for the search starting point, utilized English as the primary language, and did not use online translation tools. the participants also reported difficulties in locating relevant answers and recommended ways to be assisted in the future when searching the Internet for health information. the study provided an understanding of Chinese graduate students' health information seeking behavior with an aim to enrich health information user studies. the results of this study contribute to the areas of academic library services, multilingual health information system design, and task-based health information searching.
A Model for Examining the Criteria Used by Pre-Service Elementary Teachers in Their Evaluation of Technology for Mathematics Teaching

Multiple existing frameworks address aspects of teachers’ knowledge for teaching mathematics with technology. This study proposes the integration of several frameworks, including TPACK (Mishra & Koehler, 2006), MKT (Ball, Thames, & Phelps, 2008), and technology evaluation criteria (Battey, Kafai, & Franke, 2005) into a new comprehensive model for interpreting teachers’ knowledge of the use of technology for teaching mathematics: the T-MATH (Teachers’ Mathematics and Technology Holistic) Framework The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods to examine 144 pre-service elementary teachers’ evaluations of technology for future mathematics teaching. The proposed model and its application to this group of pre-service teachers suggest that there are multiple dimensions to understanding teachers’ knowledge of uses of technology for mathematics teaching, and that teachers’ self-identified evaluation criteria reveal the dimension in which their knowledge resides. Understanding teachers’ progressions through these dimensions may provide insights into the types of experiences that support teacher development of the knowledge necessary to teach mathematics using appropriate technologies. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-750-0.ch009
Understanding Web Services: XML, WSDL, SOAP, and UDDI

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary.) Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1. Introducing Web Services. The Basics of Web Services. A Simple Example: Searching for Information. The Next Generation of the Web. Interacting with Web Services. RPC-Oriented Interactions. Document-Oriented Interactions. The Technology of Web Services. Usage Example. XML: The Foundation. WSDL: Describing Web Services. SOAP: Accessing Web Services. UDDI: Publishing and Discovering Web Services. XML for Business Collaboration: ebXML. Web Services versus Other Technologies. Additional Technologies. Vendor Approaches to Web Services. 2. Describing Information: XML. A Simple Example. Instance and Schema. Data Type and Programming Language. More on XML Schemas and DTDs. Processing XML Documents. Namespaces. Transformation. XSLT. XPath. Document Structure. Mapping Tools. A Simple Example (Revisited). XML Specifications and Information. XML Specifications Related to Web Services. General Information. 3. Describing Web Services: WSDL. WSDL Basics. WSDL Elements. The Extensible WSDL Framework. Defining Message Data Types. Defining Operations on Messages. Mapping Messages to Protocols. Putting It All Together. Importing WSDL Elements. WSDL-Related Namespaces. Extensions for Binding to SOAP. 4. Accessing Web Services: SOAP. A Simple Example. The SOAP Specification. SOAP Envelope. SOAP Header. SOAP Body. SOAP Faults. RPC Convention. Data Type Mapping. HTTP Binding. Version Control. SOAP Message Processing. SOAP Use of Namespaces. Changes in the v1.2 Draft. SOAP Multipart MIME Attachments. SOAP in the Context of Existing Systems. SOAP's Future Directions. 5. Finding Web Services: UDDI Registry. The UDDI Organization. The Concepts Underlying UDDI. How UDDI Works. UDDI Data Model. Generic Data. The Business Entity. The Binding Template. The tModel. UDDI SOAP APIs. Inquiry APIs. Publisher APIs. Usage Scenario. Updating the Registry. Retrieving Information. Using WSDL with UDDI. UDDI for Private Use. UDDI Support for SOAP, Complex Business Relationships, and Unicode. SOAP. Unicode. 6. An Alternative Approach: ebXML. Overview of ebXML. A Simple Example. Deploying ebXML. The ebXML Specifications. Architectural Overview. 7. Web Services Architecture: Additional Technologies. Security. WS-License and WS-Security. Process Flow. XLANG. Transaction Coordination. BTP. Extended Transactions. Messaging. WS-Inspection. WS-Referral. WS-Routing. BEEP. Reliable HTTP. Web Services Foundations. RosettaNet. XML-RPC. 8. Implementing Web Services. Implementation Architectures. The Major Implementation Streams. Microsoft's . NET. J2EE and Application Servers. Application Server Vendor View. Java APIs for Web Services. J2EE Initiatives for Additional Technologies. Understanding . NET versus J2EE. Vendor Views on Adoption of Web Services Technologies. The Questionnaire. BEA Systems. Cape Clear. Hewlett-Packard. IBM. IONA. Microsoft. Oracle. Sun Microsystems. Systinet. Others. Implementations of ebXML. Index. 0201750813T05082002
Digital Simulation of Dynamic Systems: A Control Theory Approach

This tutorial provides a variety of simulation algorithms for the design and control of dynamic systems. It explains the accuracy and stability of automatic control theory, emphasizing those systems described by stiff non-linear differential equations. The text features stability region plots; considers problems of real-time simulation; and present algorithms written in C with an emphasis on the simualtion aspects of numerical integration.