Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operando Cooperated Catalytic Mechanism of Atomically Dispersed Cu-N4 and Zn-N4 for Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Dual metal single atom catalysts exhibit superior performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), however, the synergistic catalytic mechanism is not deeply understood. Herein, we report a dual metal single atom catalyst consisted of Cu-N4 and Zn-N4 on the N-doped carbon support (Cu/Zn-NC). It exhibits high-efficiency ORR activity with an E onset of 0.98 V and an E 1/2 of 0.83 V, excellent stability (no degradation after 10000 cycles), surpassing state-of-the-art Pt/C and great mass of Pt-free single atom catalysts. Operando XANES demonstrates that the Cu-N4 as active center experiences the change from atomic dispersion to cluster with the cooperation of Zn-N4 during ORR process, and then turns to single atom state again after reaction. DFT calculation further indicates that the adjustment effect of Zn on the d-orbital electron distribution of Cu could benefit to the stretch and cleavage of O-O on Cu active center, speeding up the process of rate determining step of OOH*.
Letter. Crystal chemistry of dense hydrous magnesium silicates: The structure of phase H, MgSiH2O4, synthesized at 45 GPa and 1000 °C

Abstract The crystal structure of the dense hydrous magnesium silicate phase H, MgSiH2O4, synthesized at 45 GPa and 1000 °C, was investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Although showing a deterioration process under the X-ray beam, the compound was found to be orthorhombic, space group Pnnm (CaCl2- type structure), with lattice parameters a = 4.733(2), b = 4.3250(10), c = 2.8420(10) Å, V = 58.18(3) Å3, and Z = 1. The structure was refined to R1 = 0.0387 using 53 observed reflections [2s(I) level]. Magnesium and silicon were found to be disordered at the same octahedral site (with a mean bond distance of 1.957 Å). Hydrogen was not located in the difference Fourier maps, but it is very likely disordered at a half-occupied 4g position. The centrosymmetric nature of the structure of phase H is examined in relation to that reported for pure d-AlOOH at ambient conditions (non-centrosymmetric, P21nm), and the possibility that these two compounds can form a solid solution at least at high pressure is discussed.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography of the Transverse Cervical Arterial Supply to Clavicle Flaps: An Anatomical Study

Objective To describe the anatomy of the transverse cervical artery and to prove its perfusion to the clavicle using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography as an alternative vascularized bone for head and neck reconstruction. Study Design Cadaveric dissection. Setting Anatomy lab. Methods Twenty-two necks and shoulders from 11 fresh-frozen cadavers were dissected. The transverse cervical artery diameter, length, emerging point, and the length of clavicle segment harvested were described. Photographic and near-infrared video recordings of the bone’s medial and longitudinal cut surfaces were taken prior to, during, and after indocyanine green injection. Results The transverse cervical artery originated from the thyrocervical trunk and emerged at the level of the medial one-third of the clavicle in 22 of 22 (100%) specimens. The average length of the pedicle was 3.6 cm (range, 2.2-4.4 cm), and the mean diameter was 2.5 mm (range, 1.8-3.4 mm). The harvested bone had a mean length of 5.1 cm (range, 4.3-5.8 cm). After injecting the indocyanine green, 22 of 22 (100%) specimens showed enhancement in the periosteum, bony cortex, and medulla. Conclusion The middle third of the clavicle can be reliably harvested as a vascularized bone with its perfusion solely from the transverse cervical artery pedicle, as shown by the near-infrared fluorescence imaging. The pedicle was sizable and constant in origin.
Long-term oncological outcome in patients with cervical cancer after 3 trimodality treatment (radiotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy, and robotic surgery)

Abstract Cervical cancer represents a general health issue spread all over the globe, which prompts the surge of scientific survey toward the rise of survival and condition of life of these patients. American and European guidelines suggest the open surgery, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery are the main therapeutic approaches for radical hysterectomy for patients with cervical cancer. This is the first survey to analyze the long-term oncological outcome of an extensive series of subjects cared for with multimodality treatment, here comprising robotic surgery. This study intents to evaluate the long-term oncological result in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy (±chemotherapy) and robotic surgery compared with open surgery. Medical files of 56 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who underwent a robotic hysterectomy and radiotherapy ± chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 50.5 (range: 23–70). Eleven patients (19.6%) presented in an early stage (IB–IIA) and 80.4% advanced stage (IIB–IVA). Overall response rate after radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy was 96.2%. Pathologic complete response was obtained in 64% of patients. After a median follow-up of 60 months (range: 6–105 months), 8 patients (14.2%) presented local recurrence or distant metastases. Disease-free survival (DFS) was 92% at 2 years and 84% at 3 and 5 years. Overall survival (OS) rates at 2, 3, and 5 years for patients with robotic surgery were 91%, 78%, and 73%, median OS not reached. OS was lower in the arm of open surgery (2, 3, and 5 years 87%, 71%, and 61%, respectively; median OS was 72 months P = .054). The multivariate analysis regarding the outcome of patients revealed an advantage for complete versus partial response (P < .002), for early versus advanced stages (P = .014) and a 10% gained in DFS at 3 years for patients in whom chemoradiotherapy was administered (DFS at 3 years 75% vs 85%) in patients with advanced stages. Robotic surgery has a favorable oncological outcome when associated with multimodal therapy.
Associations of unprocessed and processed meat intake with mortality and cardiovascular disease in 21 countries [Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study]: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Dietary guidelines recommend limiting red meat intake because it is a major source of medium- and long-chain SFAs and is presumed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evidence of an association between unprocessed red meat intake and CVD is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the association of unprocessed red meat, poultry, and processed meat intake with mortality and major CVD. METHODS The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study is a cohort of 134,297 individuals enrolled from 21 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Food intake was recorded using country-specific validated FFQs. The primary outcomes were total mortality and major CVD. HRs were estimated using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts. RESULTS In the PURE study, during 9.5 y of follow-up, we recorded 7789 deaths and 6976 CVD events. Higher unprocessed red meat intake (≥250 g/wk vs. <50 g/wk) was not significantly associated with total mortality (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.02; P-trend = 0.14) or major CVD (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.11; P-trend = 0.72). Similarly, no association was observed between poultry intake and health outcomes. Higher intake of processed meat (≥150 g/wk vs. 0 g/wk) was associated with higher risk of total mortality (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.10; P-trend = 0.009) and major CVD (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.98; P-trend = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In a large multinational prospective study, we did not find significant associations between unprocessed red meat and poultry intake and mortality or major CVD. Conversely, a higher intake of processed meat was associated with a higher risk of mortality and major CVD.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Intermetallic PtPb Nanodendrites

We report on a facile and environment-friendly route to synthesize intermetallic PtPb nanodendrites with controllable compositions. This involves a hydrothermal-assisted coreduction of Pt and Pb inorganic precursors by formic acid in aqueous solutions without the use of any surfactant or polymer. Our systematic structural characterization and in situ electrochemical infrared spectroscopic studies of the formed PtPb nanodendrites reveal that the underlying morphogenesis, resulting from the intermetallic phase evolution from a Pt-based face-centered cubic to a PtPb hexagonal type, is responsible for the significant improvement of electrocatalytic activities toward the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid. A foreign-particles-induced growth mechanism is proposed to account for the underlying dendritic growth process. The facile approach described in this study is further demonstrated to be universal for growing a variety of intermetallic nanodendrites, thus opening a door to develop and study novel nanod.
Propensity Score–Matched Analysis of Posttransplant Outcomes in Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Older Adult Recipients

The impact of increasing recipient age on morbidity and mortality following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remains controversial. The study aims to analyze the impact of recipient age on outcomes following LDLT. Data on adult LDLTs performed between November 2009 and February 2020 were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on recipient age: 18 to 65 years (younger adults) and >65 years (older adults). Propensity score matching (PSM) using nearest‐neighbor matching was used to match each older recipient with up to 2 younger adult recipients using multiple preoperative parameters. Outcomes evaluated were duration of ventilation, need for reintubation, tracheostomy, intensive care unit (ICU) readmission, length of ICU and hospital stays, postoperative complications, reoperation within 90 days, and patient survival. A total of 801 adult LDLT recipients were included in the study; 751 (93.7%) were younger adults, and 50 (6.3%) were older adults. Older recipients were more likely to be diabetic (60.0% versus 39.7%) and hypertensive (44.0% versus 20.4%) with preexisting cardiac disease (28.0% versus 11.2%). However, their pretransplant Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score was significantly lower (14.5 versus 17.7), and they were more likely to receive a transplant because of hepatocellular carcinoma (38.0% versus 17.7%). Older recipients had longer durations of ventilation after LT both before (3.7 versus 1.9 days) and after PSM (4.0 versus 1.5 days). After PSM, the 30‐day (13.0% versus 2.4%), 90‐day (15.2% and 2.4%), and overall mortality rates (21.7% versus 7.1%) were significantly higher for older recipients when compared with younger recipients. There was no difference between the younger and older recipients with respect to other postoperative outcomes. This propensity score–matched study shows that the older LDLT recipients have higher 30‐day, 90‐day, 1‐year, and 5‐year mortality rates when compared with matched younger counterparts.
Layer-by-Layer assembled nano-drug delivery systems for cancer treatment

Abstract Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) are functional drug-loaded nanocarriers widely applied in cancer therapy. Recently, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled NDDS have been demonstrated as one of the most promising platforms in delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Here, a brief review of the LbL assembled NDDS for cancer treatment is presented. The fundamentals of the LbL assembled NDDS are first interpreted with an emphasis on the formation mechanisms. Afterwards, the tailored encapsulation of anticancer therapeutics in LbL assembled NDDS are summarized. The state-of-art targeted delivery of LbL assembled NDDS, with special attention to the elaborately control over the passive and active targeting delivery, are represented. Then the controlled release of LbL assembled NDDS with various stimulus responsiveness are systematically reviewed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on further advancing the LbL assembled NDDS toward more powerful and versatile platforms for cancer therapy are discussed.
Validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Iranian adults.

AIM To validate a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) and assess the dietary intake of Iranian adults. METHODS This study was conducted among 113 healthy adults in Iran. We administered twelve 24-hour dietary recalls (24DRs) during a year as a reference method. The 165-item SFFQ was administered twice, along with the first and last 24DRs. To examine validity and reproducibility of SFFQ, the correlation coefficients (r) and de-attenuated correlation coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between 24DRs and SFFQ were calculated. The Bland-Altman method was used to assess agreement between the two methods. RESULTS De-attenuated correlations varied from 0.42 (polyunsaturated fatty acids) to 0.62 (energy) (all P < .001) for nutrients and from 0.48 (oils and fats) to 0.65 (sweets) for food groups (all P < .05). We found reasonable reproducibility of SFFQ for both nutrients and food groups. ICC (95%CI) varied from 0.47 (0.15-0.74) for saturated fatty acids to 0.64 (0.47-0.76) for energy and from 0.43 (0.15-0.62) for oils and fats to 0.58 for grains (0.31-0.69). According to the Bland-Altman plots, we observed an acceptable level of agreement between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS We found reasonable relative validity and acceptable reproducibility of SFFQ. This SFFQ can be used to classify individuals based on their dietary intake in our population.
Effect of exhalation flow rates and level of nitric oxide output on accuracy of linear approximation of pulmonary nitric oxide dynamics

The method of Tsoukias and George (T and G) is a commonly used linear approximation of pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) dynamics that can be used to calculate bronchial NO output (JawNO) and alveolar NO concentration (CANO). We aimed to investigate how flow rate range in exhaled NO measurements and levels of pulmonary NO parameters affect the accuracy of the T and G method. This study has three parts. (a) A theoretical part demonstrating how different exhalation flow rates and NO parameter levels affect the accuracy of the T and G method, (b) testing how exhalation flow rate range affects the method in a sample of asthmatic and healthy subjects, and (c) a meta-analysis of published literature to test whether minimum flow rate has an association with the NO parameter values. We found that both the chosen exhalation flow rates and magnitude of the pulmonary NO parameters affect the accuracy of the T and G method. Underestimation of J awNO increased with lower flow rates and higher bronchial diffusion factor of NO (DawNO), while overestimation of CANO increased with higher DawNO and bronchial wall NO concentration (CawNO) and lower CANO. Of the NO parameters, CANO was the most prone to bias and high DawNO was the most significant factor causing the bias. Furthermore, we found that using 40 ml s−1 as the lowest flow rate in our sample and 50 ml s−1 in the meta-analysis compared to 100 ml s−1 resulted in higher CANO, but JawNO was not statistically significantly affected. We have provided objective evidence that not only the flow rates used but also the magnitude of NO output in the test subjects affect the accuracy of the T and G method. We suggest that flow rates below 100 ml s−1 should not be used with the T and G method to maintain accuracy.
Dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intakes and NAFLD: A cross-sectional study in the United States.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES PUFAs play critical roles in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the associations between dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake and NAFLD risk in a US population. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 was used in this cross-sectional study. Data on dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were extracted through two 24-h dietary recall interviews, and the dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were adjusted by weight. NAFLD was defined based on the US fatty liver index (FLI) value ≥30. Multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to investigate the associations between dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes and NAFLD risk. RESULTS Dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were inversely associated with NAFLD risk. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of NAFLD for the highest versus lowest quartile of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes was 0.24 (0.17-0.35) and 0.18 (0.13-0.26), respectively. In stratified analyses by sex and age, the negative associations between dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes and NAFLD risk were significant in men, women, and individuals younger and older than 45 years. Dose-response analyses indicated that NAFLD risk was associated with dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes in a nonlinear manner. CONCLUSIONS Dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were inversely associated with NAFLD risk in US adults.
Moderate Susceptibility to Subcutaneous Plague (Yersinia pestis) Challenge in Vaccine-Treated and Untreated Sonoran Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and Northern Grasshopper Mice (Onychomys leucogaster)

Abstract: The variable response of wild mice to Yersinia pestis infection, the causative agent of plague, has generated much speculation concerning their role in the ecology of this potentially lethal disease. Researchers have questioned the means by which Y. pestis is maintained in nature and also sought methods for managing the disease. Here we assessed the efficacy of a new tool, the sylvatic plague vaccine (SPV), in wild-caught northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and commercially acquired Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis). More than 40% of the animals survived a subcutaneous Y. pestis challenge of 175,000 colony forming units (over 30,000 times the white mouse 50% lethal dose) in both vaccine-treated and control groups. Our results indicate that SPV distribution is unlikely to protect adult mice from plague infection in field settings and corroborate the heterogeneous response to Y. pestis infection in mice reported by others.
Near-Infrared Mitochondria-Targetable Fluorescent Probe for High-Contrast Bioimaging of H2S.

To elucidate the complex role of biological H2S and study the mitochondrial damage and some related diseases, effective methods for visualization of H2S in mitochondria and in vivo are urgently needed. In this contribution, a novel near-infrared mitochondria-targetable fluorescence probe MI-H2S for H2S detection was developed. MI-H2S shows rapid detection ability for H2S in pure aqueous solution and outputs a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence-on signal at 663 nm with a large Stokes shift of 141 nm. Bioimaging experiments revealed that the probe has good mitochondrial-targeting ability and high-contrast imaging ability for detecting H2S in living systems. The probe also showed great potential in the detection of H2S during inflammation. All of the results demonstrate that MI-H2S can be applied as an effective probe for the visualization and study of H2S in mitochondria and in vivo.
Thymosin β4 protects against aortic aneurysm via endocytic regulation of growth factor signaling

Vascular stability and tone are maintained by contractile smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, injury-induced growth factors stimulate a contractile-synthetic phenotypic modulation which increases susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). As a regulator of embryonic VSMC differentiation, we hypothesized that Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) may function to maintain healthy vasculature throughout postnatal life. This was supported by the identification of an interaction with low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), an endocytic regulator of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) signaling and VSMC proliferation. LRP1 variants have been implicated by genome-wide association studies with risk of AAA and other arterial diseases. Tβ4-null mice displayed aortic VSMC and elastin defects that phenocopy those of LRP1 mutants, and their compromised vascular integrity predisposed them to Angiotensin II–induced aneurysm formation. Aneurysmal vessels were characterized by enhanced VSMC phenotypic modulation and augmented PDGFR-β signaling. In vitro, enhanced sensitivity to PDGF-BB upon loss of Tβ4 was associated with dysregulated endocytosis, with increased recycling and reduced lysosomal targeting of LRP1–PDGFR-β. Accordingly, the exacerbated aneurysmal phenotype in Tβ4-null mice was rescued upon treatment with the PDGFR-β antagonist Imatinib. Our study identifies Tβ4 as a key regulator of LRP1 for maintaining vascular health, and provides insights into the mechanisms of growth factor–controlled VSMC phenotypic modulation underlying aortic disease progression.
Synthesis of bulky bis(ether anhydride)s and poly(etherimide)swith bulky main-chain units

A series of bis(ether anhydride)s has been synthesized from very bulky bisphenols. Poly(ether imide)s have been synthesized from these bis(ether anhydride)s and two diamines in order to provide a series of poly(ether imide)s with bulky main-chain units. The polymers have been characterized in terms of molecular weight, solubility, glass-transition temperature and thermal stability in order to identify a series of high-performance polymers which are processable and potentially useful for applications which require soluble poly(ether imide)s for fabrication into, for example, gas separation membranes.
Ultrastable and Efficient Visible-light-driven CO2 Reduction Triggered by Regenerative Oxygen-vacancies in Bi2O2CO3 Nanosheets.

Surface vacancies can exert positive impact on CO2 photoreduction activity, yet difficultly maintaining long-term stability. Herein, we first design a fast low-pressure ultraviolet light irradiation strategy for easily regenerating the nearly equivalent surface vacancies, thus concurrently optimizing CO2 photoreduction activity and stability. Taking the defective Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets as an example, nearly equal amount of oxygen vacancies can be regenerated under UV light irradiation. Synchrotron-radiation quasi in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectra disclose the Bi sites in the O-defective Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets can act as the highly active sites, which not only help to activate CO2 molecules, but also contribute to stabilizing the rate-limiting COOH* intermediate. Also, in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in-situ mass spectrometry unravel the UV light irradiation contributes to accelerating CO desorption process. As a result, the O-defective Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets achieve a stability up to 2640 h over 110 cycling tests and a high evolution rate of 275 μmol g-1 h-1 for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to CO. This study offers a new way for developing sustainable CO2 reduction photocatalysts.
The development of isomer-specific analysis of branched 4-nonylphenol in food for dietary exposure - a critical review of analytical methods and occurrence in foodstuffs

ABSTRACT 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a para-substituted phenolic compound comprising a straight or branched carbon chain group while branched 4-NP consists of 211 possible structural isomers. NP is recognised as an environmental pollutant and exists ubiquitously in both the environment and in food. 4-NP, especially branched 4-NP, has been shown to have the potential role of endocrine disruptor and xeno-oestrogen. Moreover, different NP isomers also exhibit different oestrogen-like activities. Recently, it was reported that the isomer-specific profile of 4-NP in foodstuffs varies greatly between and within food groups. Hence, risk assessment based on total branched 4-NP cannot reflect dietary risk. This study reviews the analytical methods applicable to conduct an isomer-specific analysis of 4-NP and its occurrence in foodstuffs. Lastly, research gaps are identified for future research.