Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SC-FDMA for Mobile Communications

SC-FDMA for Mobile Communications examines Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). Explaining this rapidly evolving system for mobile communications, it describes its advantages and limitations and outlines possible solutions for addressing its current limitations.The book explores the emerging trend of cooperative communication with SC-FDMA and how it can improve the physical layer security. It considers the design of distributed coding schemes and protocols for wireless relay networks where users cooperate to send their data to the destination.Supplying you with the required foundation in cooperative communication and cooperative diversity, it presents an improved Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)-based SC-FDMA system. It introduces a distributed spacetime coding scheme and evaluates its performance and studies distributed SFC for broadband relay channels. Presents relay selection schemes for improving the physical layer Introduces a new transceiver scheme for the SC-FDMA system Describes spacetime/frequency coding schemes for SC-FDMA Includes MATLAB codes for all simulation experiments The book investigates Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFO) for the Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) SC-FDMA system, and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) SC-FDMA system simulation software. Covering the design of cooperative diversity schemes for the SC-FDMA system in the uplink direction, it also introduces and studies a new transceiver scheme for the SC-FDMA system.
Infrared Thermography-Based Inspection Technique for Void Detection in Bridge Stay-Cables

Cable-stayed bridges are being constructed more frequently due to their architectural appeal, ease of construction, and lower cost and environmental footprint in comparison to other bridge types. On some more recent bridges of that type built in the past 10-20 years, the stay-cables are comprised of greased-and-sheathed, stranded steel wires enclosed in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes with the interstices filled with a cementatious grout. This design is susceptible to voids in the grout, which can possibly promote cracking in the HDPE piping and reduce the ability of the corrosion protection to safeguard the wires. Several non-destructive techniques have been used to detect defects (voids) in stay cables. In this work, voids in stay cables are studied using passive infrared thermography during solar irradiation over days from sunrise to sunset. Effects of stay cable material properties, time of day, solar orientation and void sizes on the capacity of passive infrared thermography to detect defects were studied using a mockup cable constructed with known void sizes and locations. Field testing of the thermographic method was also performed on the US 231 William Natcher Bridge in western Kentucky to validate the mockup results. Grout voids in the bridge stay cables were successfully detected, the detectability of which was found to be dependent on the cable orientation relative to the solar irradiation and the angle of the cable relative to the ground. The thermographic void findings correlated well with other nondestructive methods (ground penetrating radar and sounding).
The Role of Time Perspectives and Impulsivity Dimensions in Coping Styles

Both time perspectives and impulsivity dimensions are groups of traits that are connected to self-control abilities and might be important for coping styles. However, to date, no study has systematically investigated their utility in predicting coping styles with regard to their multidimensional nature. The current study was correlational and exploratory, aiming to discover what amount of variance in each of the three coping styles, problem-oriented, active emotion-oriented, and avoidant, is accounted for by two groups of predictors: time perspectives and impulsivity dimensions. N = 397 young adults aged 18–35 from the general population took part in the study. Results of a multiple linear regression testing both groups of predictors separately and of hierarchical regression analysis introducing the two predictor groups in subsequent steps suggested that time perspectives accounted for more variance in adaptive coping styles: problem-oriented and active emotion-oriented coping. For avoidant coping, both time perspectives and impulsivity dimensions accounted for a similar amount of variance. The results provide evidence that time perspectives should be investigated in domains related to coping (e.g., mental health issues, substance abuse, and risk-taking behaviors), for which impulsivity has been considered an important predictor. Moreover, impulsivity ought to be tested with regard to its multidimensionality.
Fusion of fNIRS and EEG Signals: Mental Stress Study

Fusion of Functional Near infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a novel approach. This study aims in improving the detection rate of mental stress using the complementary nature of fNIRS and EEG neuroimaging modality. Simultaneous measurements of fNIRS and EEG signals were conducted on 12 subjects while solving arithmetic problems under two different conditions (control and stress). The stress in this work was based on arithmetic task difficulty, time pressure and negative feedback of individual performance. The study demonstrated significant reduction in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (p=0.0032) and alpha rhythm power (p=0.0213) on the PFC under stress condition. Specifically, the right PFC and dorsolateral PFC were highly sensitive to mental stress. Using support vector machine (SVM), the mean detection rate of mental stress was calculated as 91%, 95% and 98% using fNIRS, EEG and fusion of fNIRS and EEG signals respectively.
Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Nitraria tangutorum

Background: Suitable reference genes can be used to calibrate the error in quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments and make the results more credible. However, reference genes suitable for different species and different experimental conditions do not exist. Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. is a typical plant in desert areas and desert plains, which is drought-resistant, saline-alkali resistant, barren-resistant, and has extremely strong adaptability. Due to insufficient understanding of the importance of this germplasm in the past, it is still unclear which genes can be used as reference genes to calibrate qRT-PCR data of N. tangutorum . Results: In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of 10 candidate reference genes (ACT, GAPDH, TUA, TUB, CYP, UBC, His, PP2A, HSP, and EF1-α) in three tissues (root, stem and leaf) and under five abiotic stresses (salt, drought, heat, cold, and ABA) of N. tangutorum seedlings by qRT-PCR. Three analysis software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate expression stability of ten genes. Comprehensive analysis showed that EF1-α and His had the best expression stability, whereas HSP was the least suitable as a reference gene. The expression profile of NtCER7, a gene related to the regulation of the waxy synthesis of N. tangutorum, verified the accuracy of the experimental results.Conclusion: Based on this study, we recommend EF1-α and His as suitable reference genes for N. tangutorum. This study provides the first data on stable reference genes in N. tangutorum, which will be beneficial to study of the gene expression of N. tangutorum and other Nitraria species in the future.
Research on Aircraft Surface Taxi Path Planning and Conflict Detection and Resolution

Aircraft surface taxiing conflict avoidance is mostly adopted by waiting and rerouting methods, but this method does not consider the difference in total taxiing time that may be caused by different strategies. In this study, the airport taxiing path optimization model and taxiing area division model are constructed first. Then, the taxiway use is controlled by subregion based on the analysis of the surface activity area connection relationship. Based on the results of aircraft surface taxiway preselection, the time window of the taxiing area is solved and conflict detection is performed. For aircraft with taxiing conflicts, waiting or changing paths is selected to deconflict taxiing by comparing priorities. An improved A∗ algorithm solution is applied to generate conflict-free glide paths and new glide trajectory occupancy time windows, while the glide paths of aircraft without glide conflicts are not affected. The results of the study show that the use of time windows for conflict detection and deconfliction can further reduce the total taxiing time of aircraft operating on the surface, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of aircraft conflicts, and thus, airport operational safety is ensured. This study has a high practical value and is expected to be applied in the real-time control decision of aircraft taxiing in the future.
Application of Frequency Domain Substructure Synthesis Technique for Plates Loaded with Complex Attachments

Frequency domain substructure synthesis is a modeling technique that enables the prediction of a combined response of individual structures using experimentally measured or numerically predicted frequency response functions (FRFs). The traditional synthesis algorithm [1,2] operates on component impedances and thus generally requires several matrix inversions. An improved algorithm, developed by Jetmundsen et al. [3], requires a single matrix inversion with a completely arbitrary interface definition that can easily incorporate connection impedances. The main limitations of the method are the large data requirements and sensitivity to data truncation. The utility of this technique is demonstrated through a comparison of synthesized and measured admittances of an edge-stiffened plate with attached equipment. The plate mobilities are obtained from a numerical analysis because of the ability to accurately model this structure using a finite element representation. The attachments are characterized experimentally because of their complexity. The sections describe the synthesis technique and show numerical and experimental results for the plate and equipment.
Littoral Combat Ships: Relating Performance to Mission Package Inventories, Homeports, and Installation Sites

Abstract : In June 2005, workers at the Marinette Marine shipyard in Marinette, Wisconsin, laid the keel for the USS Freedom, the Navy's first Littoral Combat Ship. The LCS constitutes a new class of fast, agile, and networked warships designed to overcome threats in shallow waters posed by mines, diesel-electric submarines, fast-attack craft, and fast inshore attack craft. LCSs will be key components in a proposed family of next generation surface combatants that also includes the much larger DDG-1000 destroyer and a future CG(X) cruiser. LCSs will be able to deploy independently to overseas littoral regions; remain on station for extended periods of time, either with a carrier strike group or an expeditionary strike group or through a forward-basing arrangement; operate independently and/or with other LCS units; and be replenished while under way.
A Multiagent Approach Towards Solving Complex Problems of Sociotechnical Systems

For all these reasons, humans need technical help to tackle complex problems. Since humans participated in the problems usually own part of the information about the problems, and no one may see the whole picture of the problems, it is natural to use distributed systems to simulate and analyze the problems. In a distributed system, humans represented by agents know only partial information interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal while maximizing their own interests. The formed distributed system is called a multiagent system because multiple agents are involved in the systems.
SMART 3D SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANT CHARACTERIZATION AT THE BGRR DECOMMISSIONING PROJECT. ACCELERATED SITE TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT COST AND PERFORMANCE REPORT.

The BGRR was the world's first nuclear reactor dedicated to the peaceful exploration of atomic energy. The reactor pile consisted of a 700-ton, 25-foot cube of graphite fueled by uranium. A total of 1,369 fuel channels were available with roughly half in use at any given time. Insertion and removal of boron steel control rods controlled reactor power levels. One or more of five fans powered air-cooling. Air was brought in through two filtered plenums, flowed through and around the reactor core, through an exhaust duct containing filters, and finally out through the 320-foot high exhaust stack. Spent fuel was temporarily stored in the spent-fuel canal, and then sent to the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS). Access to the canal for removing spent fuel was through the Canal House (Building 709). The BGRR ceased operation in 1968 and was placed in a shutdown mode in which all fuel was removed and sent to SRS. Penetrations in the biological shield around the graphite cube and fuel channels were sealed. The final decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) process was initiated in 1999 and is scheduled for completion in 2005. An accelerated schedule was developed that combines characterization with removal actions for the various systems and structures. Before D and D work on a section of the BGRR facility begins, contaminant characterization is conducted to determine the types and amounts of contaminants present. The data are then used for project planning, including decisions affecting the extent of removal, waste designation, and health and safety plans.
Design of a Modified Ultra-Wide Band Low-Noise Amplifier (UWB.LNA) Topology with Good Linearity in CMOS 65 nm Technology

The Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) is the first and the important building block in a radiofrequency (RF) receiver since it must lead the signal from a receiving antenna at a level that can be properly addressed by the down-conversion architecture without adding noise. This paper describes a modified LNA architecture fo r Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) applications using a cascade inductive source degeneration topol ogy. The proposed architecture was designed using CMOS 65 nm technology to operate in a broad frequency band from 0.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz which includes a large number of standards and RF applications. The designed UWB LNA shows a 14.35 dB power gain with a noise figure of 1.4 dB f or power consumption of 29 mW, a 1-dB compression point ranging from -5 to 3 dBm, a IP3 r anging from 5 to 14 dBm, and an input return loss below -10 dBm.
"Sorry mate, I didn't see you". A plausible scientific explanation

The excuse Sorry, mate, I didn't see you is so familiar to motorcyclists and cyclists that its acronym SMIDSY is entering common usage. As well as failing to notice cyclists and motorcyclists, drivers can fail to notice almost any other relevant component of the road scene, such as traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, cars and even parked semi-trailers. At the broadest level, there are two types of cause for a failure to notice something: internal visual/psychological causes and external environmental causes (such as poor road lighting). Both types of cause will normally be involved in any instance of a failure to notice something. This selective review of the literature will focus on one type of internal cause: the looked-but-failed-to-see error. It is difficult to believe that a responsible driver can look-but-fail-to-see a motorcyclist or cyclist before it is too late to avoid a collision. This paper proposes a plausible scientific explanation for that failure. In the first section, it is noted that crash investigators are beginning to accept the reality of the looked-but-failed-to-see error. In the second section, the findings of recent vision research on inattentional blindness and change blindness are summarised. In the third section, it is proposed that genuine looked-but-failed-to-see errors could be instances of inattentional/change blindness. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E215375.
Mechanical characterisation of lacustrine clay by interpreting spatial variability in CPTU measurements

Transportation infrastructure is common in highly populated areas near the major lakes in the Swiss 'Mittelland', where extensive deposits of normally consolidated post glacial clays have formed. Construction on, or in, such soils requires careful consideration during the design process due to their compressibility, low permeability and sensitivity. Achieving a satisfactory engineering characterisation requires a range of field and laboratory tests, which may be evaluated using statistical tools. The Intraclass ratio RI and the modified Bartlett method have been employed for interpreting the variability of the undrained shear strength su from continuous CPTU measurements at the Wauwil site. Finally, comparison between measurements from two cone dimensions, of cross sectional areas of 10 cm2 and 5 cm2, has been undertaken with respect to their capacity of profile detailing based on the normalised cone penetration resistance
Mutations in CD14 gene causes mastitis in different breeds of buffalo as confirmed by in silico studies and experimental validation

Background CD 14 is an important pattern recognition receptor having innate immune function and has antibacterial activity. It binds with LPS of gram-negative bacteria, arachidonic acid, and lipoteichoic acid. Being a receptor, it binds with the pathogen with the help of other cytokines. Mutations in CD14 affect the binding ability which in turn affects the biological potentiality. Method The present study was conducted on 228 nos. of buffaloes pertaining to four different breeds as Murrah, Mehsana, Surti and Bhadawari. CD14 gene was characterized and polymorphism was detected through Single nucleotide conformation polymorphism. Association study was conducted for different variants of CD14 with mastitis in buffalo, detected through somatic cell count, california mastitis test. Result Eight variants of CD14 were detected and mutational hotspots were detected in bubaline CD14 with 58 number of non-synonymous SNP, out of which 18 were observed to be deleterious and 34 as thermodynamically unstable. In the present study, we had detected the mutations in CD14 gene and its association with the somatic cell score and other indicators for mastitis. In-silico studies were conducted to understand the molecular mechanism how the mutations affect the biological potentiality by analyzing different domains and structural analysis along with various post-translational modification sites. Conclusion Deleterious mutations were observed in CD14 gene which have significant effect on mastitis of buffalo. It may be employed for marker assisted selection, therapeutic application of recombinant CD14, gene therapy, transgenic animal production with wild type CD14 resistant to mastitis as future strategy.
Energy savings through thermostat setback

A hybrid computer model of a gas-fired forced air furnace with a standing pilot light was used to determine the energy savings effects of day, night, and day-and-night thermostat setback. The major results were: night setback with gas-fired, forced air heating systems will always result in energy savings; setting the thermostat down only during the day saves energy, but at a lower percentage than with night setback; setting the thermostat down at night and also down during the day (dual setback) can save an appreciable amount of energy, i.e., approximately twice the savings as for night setback alone; the greater the duration of thermostat setback and the greater the amount of thermostat setback, the greater the energy savings; and the capacity of the gas-fired, forced air heating system must be properly sized to achieve space temperature pickup in a reasonable amount of time. Comparable energy savings for oil-fired and electrically heated hot air systems and for hot water heating systems are predicted. (LCL)
Developing Alumni Relationship Management using the Speech Recognition on Mobile Application

Alumni are one of the most significant assets for the success of universities. After graduation, they enter a new society, have work and family responsibilities which change over time according to their age and economic status. It becomes more difficult to communicate between friends and university. This situation is challenging to collect up-to-date information about alumni from a university database as well as sharing it with all alumni. This article demonstrates the alumni relationship management (ARM) using speech recognition for the mobile application on smartphones. It has been designed and developed for Thai speech recognition to facilitate alumni especially the elderly who may have vision problems or typing by applied the ionic framework to support both iOS and Android. The contents were evaluated by five experts to identify each feature of the developed mobile application. Afterward, the application was evaluated by one hundred twenty alumni. The learning post-test results scored higher than the pre-test results. The effectiveness evaluation results in terms of the accessibility barriers at the high-level while being used has high consensus.
An active reference spring array for in-situ calibration of the normal spring constant of AFM cantilevers

In this paper the concept of an "active reference spring array (ARSA)" for the AFM cantilever normal spring constant calibration is proposed. The ARSA with nominal stiffness varying from 0.4 N/m to 150 N/m will be available on these arrays with the aim to calibrate the normal stiffness of cantilevers ranging from 0.04 N/m to 1500 N/m. The fabrication process of the MEMS ARSA on basis of the Bonding Deep RIE technology developed at Chemnitz University of Technology is reported. A first characterization of the MEMS and the traceable determination of the stiffness of the MEMS suspending system have been realized. First experimental results compare very well with the Finite Element (FE) simulation of the numerical design, and prove the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Analisis ke atas prestasi kamera digital kompak untuk aplikasi fotogrametri jarak dekat

Close range photogrammetry has evolved rapidly and today it is known as Digital Close Range Photogrammetry (DCRP). In DCRP, the most important equipment is the digital sensor which comprise of the digital camera, CCD (Charge Couple Device) camera, video came ra and others. Today there are various digital sensor types and models that are available in the market including digital camera. The digital camera could be of various forms, costs, resolutions and formats. Therefore the user of digital camera should select the appropriate digital camera and it must be calibrated so as to produce quality results. In DCRP, many studies have been carried out using digital camera which utilized â€˜Single Lens Reflexâ€™ (SLR) for various applications inclu ding studies to assess the aspects of precision and accuracy. However, not many studies have been carried out using compact digital camera to assess the aspect of precision and accuracy. In this study, several Kodak compact digital cameras ranging from low to high resolution and one SLR digital camera were used to assess the ir performance against precision and accuracy. In this study, the compact digital camera and the SLR digital camera were assessed using point datasets in the form of retro-reflective target or other form (i.e natural or artificial point). To execute this study, several experiments have been conducted to achieve the aim of the study. From the analysis of the results of this study, it was found that as the resolution of the digital camera increases the precision increases too, however, this phenomenon does not applied to accuracy. The result of this study shows that there is no correlation between the resolution of digital camera and the precision and accuracy. However, this study also shows that the compact digital camera has the potential to be employed in application which does not require high precision and accuracy. Finally, the study shows that accuracy and precision attainable with compact digital cameras are in the order of two-third (2/3) of that achievable with SLR digital camera