Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of upper-layer protocols on the self-similarity of network traffic

Recent research has suggested that traffic measured in LANs and WANs is self-similar. However, no one has clarified why self-similarity occurs in traffic on networks or how the self-similarity of traffic affects network performance. In addition, no research has been done on how the self-similarity of traffic affects the transfer delay or throughput for files, including retransmission processing due to upper-layer protocols, or on what kinds of effects a user experiences in terms of network performance. Therefore, in this paper the authors clarify through simulations the causes of self-similarity in the traffic flowing through a network using TCP/IP in the upper layer. In addition, the authors also evaluate how the self-similarity of traffic affects the packet transfer delay, packet loss probability, and other aspects of network performance. Furthermore, the authors consider how the self-similarity of traffic impacts on the network performance a user experiences. The results show that the self-similarity of traffic is affected by the packet loss probability in switches and that the self-similarity of traffic on a network is preserved when TCP/IP control is used in the upper layer. In addition, the authors show that although average network performance, such as the average transfer delay for files and the effective throughput are not affected much by self-similarity, the 99.9% transfer delay for files is significantly impacted by self-similarity. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(7): 19–30, 2001
Increase in Multistate Foodborne Disease Outbreaks-United States, 1973-2010.

INTRODUCTION Changes in food production and distribution have increased opportunities for foods contaminated early in the supply chain to be distributed widely, increasing the possibility of multistate outbreaks. In recent decades, surveillance systems for foodborne disease have been improved, allowing officials to more effectively identify related cases and to trace and identify an outbreak's source. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed multistate foodborne disease outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System during 1973-2010. We calculated the percentage of multistate foodborne disease outbreaks relative to all foodborne disease outbreaks and described characteristics of multistate outbreaks, including the etiologic agents and implicated foods. RESULTS Multistate outbreaks accounted for 234 (0.8%) of 27,755 foodborne disease outbreaks, 24,003 (3%) of 700,600 outbreak-associated illnesses, 2839 (10%) of 29,756 outbreak-associated hospitalizations, and 99 (16%) of 628 outbreak-associated deaths. The median annual number of multistate outbreaks increased from 2.5 during 1973-1980 to 13.5 during 2001-2010; the number of multistate outbreak-associated illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths also increased. Most multistate outbreaks were caused by Salmonella (47%) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (26%). Foods most commonly implicated were beef (22%), fruits (13%), and leafy vegetables (13%). CONCLUSIONS The number of identified and reported multistate foodborne disease outbreaks has increased. Improvements in detection, investigation, and reporting of foodborne disease outbreaks help explain the increasing number of reported multistate outbreaks and the increasing percentage of outbreaks that were multistate. Knowing the etiologic agents and foods responsible for multistate outbreaks can help to identify sources of food contamination so that the safety of the food supply can be improved.
Source localization and spatial filtering using wideband MUSIC and maximum power beamforming for multimedia applications

We propose a 2-D beamforming system that is designed for multiple source localization, signal enhancement, interference suppression, and noise reduction. The 2-D locations of the sources can be estimated by the wideband MUSIC algorithm. After estimating the locations of the sources, the maximum power beamforming algorithm is applied to enhance the desired signal and attenuate undesired spatially distributed interferences and background noises. Performance gains from simulations and experiments are shown to be promising for multimedia applications.
Synchronization problem for time-delay recurrent neural networks*

Abstract The subject of the present paper is suggested by the studies reported in the specific literature of the neuroscience domain on the rhythmic activities in the nervous system and on the synchronization of the oscillatory responses with the external time-varying inputs. Regarding synchronization, the aim of the paper is to state conditions ensuring a “good” qualitative behavior for time-delayed recurrent neural networks with time-varying (almost) periodic forcing terms that have to be “reproduced”.
Structure and topic information in expository text overview

The current wisdom on texts is that they should start by providing readers with an overview of the content (the topics discussed) and the structure (the relationship between the topics). However, in a recent paper Murray and McGlone (1997) reported that readers benefit from topic information but not from structural information provided in an overview of a very simple text. In the present experiments we ask whether these observations would be applicable to more complex texts in which structural information would be more important. Two experiments, which used a text with a complex hierarchical structure, replicated previous results on reading times. The second experiment also permitted us to rule out the effect of numerical signals in the text as the reason for the results.
A Defects Investigate of Classic Turing Machine Model and Its Extension in Virtualization Environment

The classical Turing machine model has defects in centralized control, sequential and determinate execution. So it is difficult to describe the computing in parallel environments and interactive systems. In this paper, we introduce several ideas for the extension of the classical Turing machine model, including three aspects: the input and output, process of state transformation and transformation rules. Focused on two aspects of scheduling method and the interaction model, we compare the differences in state control rules between the classical Turing machine model and the Internet model, then trying to extend the classical Turing machine model with the help of the network model. Finally, we introduce the role of virtualization in the implementation of the network Turing machine model. Keywords-classical Turing machine model; unified scheduling; state transformation; network Turing machine model; virtualization
Maximum Web Object Size Satisfying M/G/1 Queueing Delay Constraint in Multiple User Access Environment

This paper introduces the maximum web object size satisfying the constraint such that queueing delay in a steady state is less than the threshold users require as Quality of Service (QoS). By using the inference that mean waiting time for web server scheduling and mean queueing delay in the system become the same in the steady state, we develop the maximum web object size model. Since the packet-to-web-server arrival process exhibits an exponential distribution and web service time can be described by Hyper-exponential or Weibull distribution, the maximum object size model is formulated by using M/H2/1and M/G(Weibll)/1. Performance evaluation shows that the maximum object size for M/H2/1 is larger than that for M/G(Weibull)/1 on the average, however, it becomes nearly the same as the number of embedded objects in home page in M/H2/1 and the shape parameter in M/G(Weibull)/1 increase. These results can be applied to the determination of web object size satisfying the end-user"s mean queueing delay requirement.
Design of Embedded Streaming Media Server Based on Python

This paper presents the design of a Python-based embedded streaming media server. The server uses the streaming media protocol which is written by Python, implementing video capturing using c language, not only highly efficient and stable, and more scalable, its very convenient for routine maintenance. The design is simple to implement two streaming media protocols, RTMP and RTSP; the client can play the video smoothly, using VLC or Pot player.
An Efficient Multiblock Method for Aerodynamic Analysis and Design on Distributed Memory Systems

The work presented in this paper describes the application of a multiblock gridding strategy to the solution of aerodynamic design optimization problems involving complex configurations. The design process is parallelized using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) Standard such that it can be efficiently run on a variety of distributed memory systems ranging from traditional parallel computers to networks of workstations. Substantial improvements to the parallel performance of the baseline method are presented, with particular attention to their impact on the scalability of the program as a function of the mesh size. Drag minimization calculations at a fixed coefficient of lift are presented for a business jet configuration that includes the wing, body, pylon, aft-mounted nacelle, and vertical and horizontal tails. An aerodynamic design optimization is performed with both the Euler and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations governing the flow solution and the results are compared. These sample calculations establish the feasibility of efficient aerodynamic optimization of complete aircraft configurations using the RANS equations as the flow model. There still exists, however, the need for detailed studies of the importance of a true viscous adjoint method which holds the promise of tackling the minimization of not only the wave and induced components of drag, but also the viscous drag.
Bi-objective optimisation for scheduling the identical parallel batch-processing machines with arbitrary job sizes, unequal job release times and capacity limits

This paper deals the scheduling identical parallel batch-processing machines (BPMs) that each machine can be process a group of jobs as a batch simultaneously. The paper presents a new bi-objective-mixed integer linear programming model for BPM in which arbitrary job size, unequal release time and capacity limits are considered as realistic assumptions occur in the manufacturing environments. The objectives are to minimise the makespan and the total weighted earliness and tardiness of jobs (just in time). After developing a new bi-objective model, an ɛ-constraint method is proposed to solve the problem. This problem has been known as Np-hard. Therefore, two multi-objective optimisation methods, namely, fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm (MOICA) are employed to find the pareto-optimal front for large-sized problems. The parameters of the proposed algorithms are calibrated using Response surface methodology (RSM) and the performances of the proposed algorithms on the problems of various sizes are analysed and the computational results clarify that MOICA outperform than NSGA-II in quality of solutions and computational time.
Precise orbit determination of GPS satellite using regional tracking network

Firstly, the PANDA (Position And Navigation Data Analysis) software, developed by Wuhan University, is introduced in this paper. And then we present a new method for the precise orbit determination (POD) and near real-time orbit prediction using the regional tracking network by the PANDA software. The orbit determination results are compared with final precise orbit provided by IGS and the accuracies are given detailedly. The results should encourage the realization of regional high precision orbit determination services.
Intelligent dynamic scheduling system: the application of genetic algorithms

Learning machine scheduling strategies are addressed while concentrating on the dynamic nature of real systems. A framework is proposed consisting of two modules: intelligent simulation (IS) and incremental learning. A simulation technique is basically exploited to mirror the manufacturing system. The knowledge base incorporated within the simulation environment enables the IS to behave intelligently as well as to evaluate the knowledge base (KB). A genetic algorithm drives the learning module. Its ingredients are tailored to tackle such a problem with a huge search space. A set of decision rules is identified as a chromosome. The rule set’s fitness is related to the scheduling performance measure and is scaled. A crossover and three kinds of mutations together with a steady‐state replacement technique are designed to discover the (near) best rule set. The whole framework is designed to work in an automated way. A series of test results on a basic model show that the proposed system learns, adapts itself to the dominating dynamic patterns, and converges to the optimum solution.
All-cause mortality and fatal alcohol poisoning in Belarus, 1970-2005.

Introduction and Aims. Although alcohol appears to be an important contributor to the burden of disease in the countries of eastern Europe, little systematic research has been undertaken on its impact on mortality in the former Soviet republic of Belarus. There may be a number of factors underlying the particularly negative effect of alcohol on mortality in Belarus, including the pattern of drinking and use of surrogates. A solid body of research and empirical evidence suggests that hazardous patterns of alcohol consumption (binge drinking) lead to quicker and deeper intoxication, increasing the propensity for alcohol-related mortality. Design and Method. To estimate the aggregate level effect of binge drinking on the all-cause mortality rate, trends in the all-cause mortality and fatal alcohol poisoning rates (as a proxy for binge drinking) in Belarus from 1970 to 2005 were analysed employing AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time–series analysis in order to assess a bivariate relationship.
Removal of ECG artifacts from EEG using ICA

The independent component analysis (ICA) in blind source separation (BSS) is introduced. A fast ICA algorithm is proposed. In contrast to most blind source separation algorithms, the method does not need to calculate higher order statistics. A pre-whitening procedure is performed to de-correlate the sensor signals before extracting vectors. The proposed method is used to remove the ECG artifacts from clinical ECG signals successfully.
Quantitative Approaches in Business Studies

This study provides an introduction to the effective use of mathematical and statistical techniques in business operations. It works from first principles and builds towards a complete understanding of quantative methods as required on first level undergraduate, graduate and professional courses. The third edition of this quantative methods text emphasizes the increasing role of information technology in quantative techniques and includes an additional chapter on computational aids. An optional diskette is now available, as is a Lecturer's Guide which can be obtained from the publisher by lecturers recommending this text. Reference is made to MINITAB and LOTUS 1-2-3 throughout the main text. It is designed for 1st and 2nd year undergraduates in business studies/finance degrees, as well as DMS and MBA students.
An adventure in literacy

The Journal has come of age. Long live the Journal! It has been a flagship for international research, scholarly papers and the dissemination of knowledge and ideas since the establishment of the Association for Sexual and Marital Therapy (ASMT) as it was known in 1985. Its founding Joint Editors, Paul Brown and Alan Riley and publisher, Henry Duckett at Carfax, Abingdon, took two years of planning to launch it and much apprehension was openly expressed about the longterm viability of such a journal – especially about the sufficient supply of high quality manuscripts. Those fears proved unfounded and, a quarter of a century on, I look at my Journal bookcase filled with papers from every corner of the globe, covering human sexuality in its many contexts and meanings. I remain grateful for the vision and perseverance of those founders, in particular, and the confidence placed in them by BASRT members who were then small in number and influence. But its impact on my own career and relationship with the wider world is worth recording. The development of the Journal has also been a story about the development of its editors. There was no course or qualification then to train for this work – rather it was an apprenticeship that spanned many years, learning on the job with peers who always seemed to have just a little more experience than oneself. In the Journal’s first year, I was working as a clinical psychologist in East London with Bangladeshi men who suffered infertility as a result of premature ejaculation and who needed an adapted treatment based on Masters and Johnson’s therapy that was, nevertheless, sensitive to their cultural and religious requirements. I submitted a descriptive study, which was published in the second volume of that year (d’Ardenne, 1985) and joined BASRT. That first publication, together with the comments of peer reviewers, galvanised me to evaluate and think much more critically about my clinical work. The impact of this publication alone ensured local recognition as a specialist in my own Hospital Trust. It also helped me to begin a career more readily focused on the mental health needs of minorities – a passion that has stayed with me to this day – and led to many other publications in the field (d’Ardenne, 1994; d’Ardenne & Mahtani, 1999; d’Ardenne & Whiteley, 1999). My colleagues and I began to have the confidence to seek opportunities to share ideas about good practice, even if we were not undertaking large randomised control trials for the new therapies that were emerging. It was an exciting time; the Journal and the Association played an inestimable role in encouraging the idea that working with couples outside one’s own culture was not just desirable but, rather, represented a model for how all psychological therapy could and should be. This model was based on therapists’ awareness of their own ethnocentricity and the cultural relativity of sexual and relationship therapy (d’Ardenne, 1988, 1990). Sexual and Relationship Therapy Vol. 25, No. 2, May 2010, 128–131
Error measurement and analysis for a 3D face surface matching system

Purpose – To report on the evaluation of error of a face matching system consisting of a 3D sensor for obtaining the surface of the face, and a two‐stage matching algorithm that matches the sensed surface to a model surface.Design/methodology/approach – Rigid mannikin face that was, otherwise, fairly realistic was obtained, and several sensing and matching experiments were performed. Pose position, lighting and face color were controlled.Findings – The combined sensor‐matching system typically reported correct face surface matches with trimmed RMS error of 0.5 mm or less for a generous volume of parameters, including roll, pitch, yaw, position, lighting, and facecolor. Error accelerated beyond this “approximately frontal” set of parameters. Mannikin results are compared to results with thousands of cases of real faces. The sensor accuracy is not a limiting component of the system, but supports the application well.Practical implications – The sensor supports the application well (except for the current co.
Development and present configuration of the NASA GSFC/WFF helicopter-based remote sensing system

There is a need for calibrated remote sensing data from airborne platforms emphasizing the spatial, spectral, temporal, bidirectional and polarization information domains. A system developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Wallops Flight Facility utilizing a helicopter as the platform has proven to be a versatile means of acquiring such data. As the system evolved, it was used for the acquisition of data supporting field measurement campaigns such as an acid deposition effects study, the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE), the Forest Ecosystems Dynamics Project (FED), and the BOReal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) among others. The data collected with the helicopter system have been used to develop relationships between vegetative parameters and remotely sensed measurements, validate atmosphere and vegetation models, address scaling issues, and provide low altitude data for instrument calibration studies. Off-the-shelf field and experimental instrumentation have been flown as part of the system. Most recently, gyro-stabilized, pointable mounts and an automatic sun-tracking sun photometer were specifically designed and fabricated for the system. The stages of development of the helicopter system over a twelve year period are described and illustrate the advantages and limitations afforded to investigators using helicopter-based systems.
Problems in evaluating image display systems

The results of an evaluation of a commercial teleradiology system are presented. The efficacy of interpretation of skeletal radiographs from a digital image display on a CRT screen and from a plain film and light box station is compared. 122 single musculoskeletal radiographs were interpreted by four radiologists in the digital and analog format. Normal, subtle, and nonsubtle skeletal abnormalities were used. The digital image was interpreted on a CRT screen with a resolution of 1024*840*12 bits. Interpretation sessions simulated the actual clinical environment. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to compare sensitivity and specificity over the full range of true positive and false positive values. The areas under the ROC curves have been shown to be a valid method of comparison between systems. After the study was performed and the results analyzed, the study was reviewed for potential problems with this type of evaluation. Some of these problems are discussed. <<ETX>>
A high performance cell scheduling algorithm in broadband multicast switching systems

A multicast cell scheduling algorithm with input queue is proposed in ATM multicast switching systems. Therefore, HOL blocking may occur due to the FIFO input queueing discipline. To avoid HOL blocking, our algorithm relaxes the strict FIFO queueing discipline for the input queue to increase its throughput, but the cell sequence order is still preserved. In our cell scheduling algorithm, every multicast cell is only watched once, but in the window policy every cell will be watched more than two times in average. The simulated result shows that our proposed scheme has a high performance with respect to the cell loss probability, required buffer size, and the waiting delay. Moreover, our proposed algorithm can obtain a maximum throughput of almost 0.997 and is independent of the switch size and input load. The time complexity of our proposed scheme is also analyzed. Hence, our cell scheduling algorithm is an efficient scheme for an ATM switching system.