Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generic limits of Pyrinae: Insights from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences

The subtribe Pyrinae, formerly the Maloideae, is a monophyletic group of about 1,000 species that includes well known fruit crops such as apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), quince (Cydonia), loquat (Eriobotrya), chokeberry (Aronia), and serviceberry (Amelanchier). Generic limits have been fluid in Pyrinae, especially in Malus, Sorbus and Photinia. This study evaluated the generic limits of 180 samples of multiple species or accessions from each of the traditional genera using sequences of the nrDNA ITS region. The ITS data recognized 24 genera, including Amelanchier, Aria (including Micromeles), Aronia, Chaenomeles, Chamaemespilus, Chamaemeles, Cormus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Dichotomanthes, Eriobotrya, Hesperomeles, Malacomeles, Malus (including Chloromeles, Docynia, Docyniopsis, and Eriolobus), Mespilus, Osteomeles, Peraphyllum, Pourthiaea, Pseudocydonia, Pyrus, Rhaphiolepis, Sorbus, and Torminalis. However, both Photinia and Pyracantha are polyphyletic. Photinia is separated into different clades, one of which contains species of Heteromeles and Stranvaesia. Asian species of Pyracantha do not form a clade with P. coccinea of southern Europe and Iran. Our results support the close relationship of Amelanchier, Malacomeles, and Peraphyllum, and of Crataegus and Mespilus, and for the first time recognize the sister relationship of the South American genus Hesperomeles with the Crataegus-Mespilus clade.
Dose control for fabrication of grayscale structures using a single step electron-beam lithographic process

Many optoelectronic devices include multidimensional (grayscale) semiconductor structures such as diffractive optical elements (DOE’s), blazed gratings, and photonic band gap (PBG) crystals. Their performance is known to be highly sensitive to dimensional accuracy of features in the multidimensional structure. Therefore, it is essential to have a tight control of the feature size in the fabrication process. Grayscale electron(e)-beam lithography enables a single step lithographic process for fabrication of such multidimensional structures and therefore has several advantages over using a binary lithographic process multiple times. As the feature size decreases, proximity effect in the e-beam lithographic process can make dimensions of the written features in a device substantially different from the ideal ones so that performance of the device is significantly degraded. In this paper, an efficient dose control scheme for grayscale e-beam lithography, which attempts to minimize the difference between the s.
Diving behaviour of Mediterranean monk seal pups during lactation and post weaning

Time depth recorders (TDRs) were attached to 3 Mediterranean monk seal pups during a range of periods around weaning, providing a composite picture of activity from the first weeks of life until nutritional independence. The pups entered the water during their first week of life and their diving performance increase progressively with age. All pups spent most of their time at sea (55 to 74%), and their swimming activity was greater at nighttime compared with daytime. Dive per- formance in relation to pup age was poorer compared with other phocid seal species. Dive types were classified using a combination of hierarchical and k-mean clustering. We found 3 dive types: 1 V- shaped and 2 U-shaped. The most common type was U1-dives, mainly used by older pups during 44 to 48% of their total dive time. These dives were relatively deep and long (mean depth = 11.6 ± 9.5 m, mean duration = 149.1 ± 80.6 s). They had long bottom times (100 ± 67 s), suggesting that pups were foraging. Pups appeared to start feeding at the end of lactation.
Borderline Personality Disorder with Psychopathic Traits: A Critical Review

Background: Borderline personality disorder has been related to personality traits such as antisocial traits, impulsivity or neuroticism. However, little attention has been given to psychopathic traits and the role they play on the disorder. Objective: To review the relationship between psychopathic traits and borderline personality disorder. Methods: A review of scientific literature between 1980 and 2017 was carried out. Papers were in English and had to relate psychopathic traits to borderline personality disorder. A total of 52 articles were included in the study. After full text revision, eighteen papers were selected for review. Results: This review suggests an association between borderline personality disorder and the factor 2 of the concept of “psychopathy”, but not between BPD and factor 1. Previous literature is not conclusive about the influence of gender on psychopathic features present on BPD patients. Conclusions: According to the findings recorded in this review, an epidemiological and phenomenological relationship of BPD syndrome and the psychopathic syndrome can be confirmed. However, whether this relationship reflects real comorbidity or is the result of a nosological overlapping of the impulsive/unstable diagnostic criteria of BPD and the impulsive items of factor 2 of psychopathy cannot be resolved as yet.
The Political Economy of Plunder

Maritime piracy is a growing scourge on the international community—imposing large costs on maritime states and the shipping industry, as well as potentially undermining state capacity and funding terrorism. Using original data on over 3,000 pirate attacks, the authors argue that these attacks are, in part, a response to poor labor market opportunities. To establish this, the authors take advantage of the strong effect of commodity prices on labor market opportunities in piracy-prone states. Consistent with this theory, the authors show that changes in the price of labor- and capital-intensive commodities have consistent and strong effects on the number of pirate attacks in a country’s territorial waters each month. The authors confirm these results by instrumenting for commodity prices using monthly precipitation levels.
Isolation and characterization of olfactory stem cells from canine olfactory mucosa.

Olfactory stem cells have great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and they are good candidates for cell therapy due to the easy accessibility of olfactory mucosa. The main objectives of this study were isolation, proliferation and characterization of olfactory mucosa stem cells that were further differentiated into olfactory neurospheres derived cells. When grown on poly-Dlysine with a serum-free culture medium supplemented with EGF (50 ng/ml) and FGF2 (50 ng/ml), olfactory stem cells gave rise to neurospheres. When grown in serum-containing culture medium newly plated spheres gave rise to olfactory neurosphere derived cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that, OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, Nestin, β-tubulin and NCAM were expressed in olfactory stem cells. While the mRNA expressions of Nanog, Nestin, Oct4, βIII-tubulin and NCAM were downregulated in neurospheres, the mRNA expression of SOX2 upregulated in neurospheres. According to the gene levels of neurospheres generated from olfactory stem cells, beta tubulin and NCAM gene expressions were upregulated, whereas OCT4, Nanog, Sox2 and Nestin mRNA expressions were downregulated in Olfactory neurospheres derived cells. Olfactory mucosa of canine is a suitable alternative source of stem cells and can be applied to cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent experiments on the hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas and Smoothing of laser energy deposition conducted at the PALS

We present a series of experimental results, and their interpretation, connected to various aspects of the hydrodynamics of laser produced plasmas. Experiments were performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44 μm wavelength and irradiances up to a few 10 W/cm. By adopting large focal spots and smoothed laser beams, the lateral energy transport and lateral expansion have been avoided. Therefore we could reach a quasi 1-D regime for which experimental results can be more easily and properly compared to available analytical models. Introduction The hydrodynamics of laser produced plasmas is a field which is of interest both in itself (for the study of fluid dynamics of plasmas) and for its various applications, starting with Inertial Confinement Fusion of thermonuclear targets, and continuing with the physics of shock waves, the realization of huge pressures and of extreme states of matter, the study of hydrodynamics instabilities (Rayleigh-Taylor to start with), the study of laser-matter interaction including the problems of energy transport and smoothing of energy deposition. All of these topics have been the subject of intense research starting from the ‘70s in the context of laser-matter interaction. Despite this, there are still some very good and important reasons to continue and update such research. Indeed, progress in laser technology have allowed new regimes to be obtained (especially the fact that much higher
Bayesian variable selection for multi-dimensional semiparametric regression models

Humans are routinely exposed to mixtures of chemical and other environmental factors, making the quantification of health effects associated with environmental mixtures a critical goal for establishing environmental policy sufficiently protective of human health. The quantification of the effects of exposure to an environmental mixture poses several statistical challenges. It is often the case that exposure to multiple pollutants interact with each other to affect an outcome. Further, the exposure-response relationship between an outcome and some exposures, such as some metals, can exhibit complex, nonlinear forms, since some exposures can be beneficial and detrimental at different ranges of exposure. To estimate the health effects of complex mixtures we propose sparse tensor regression, which uses tensor products of marginal basis functions to approximate complex functions. We induce sparsity using multivariate spike and slab priors on the number of exposures that make up the tensor factorization. We allow the number of components required to estimate the health effects of multiple pollutants to be unknown and estimate it from the data. The proposed approach is interpretable, as we can use the posterior probabilities of inclusion to identify pollutants that interact with each other. We illustrate our approach's ability to estimate complex functions using simulated data, and apply our method to a study of the association between exposure to metal mixtures and neurodevelopment.
REDSYNC : REDUCING SYNCHRONIZATION TRAFFIC

Data parallelism has become a dominant method to scale Deep Neural Network (DNN) training across multiple nodes. Since the synchronization of the local models or gradients can be a bottleneck for large-scale distributed training, compressing communication traffic has gained widespread attention recently. Among several recent proposed compression algorithms, Residual Gradient Compression (RGC) is one of the most successful approaches—it can significantly compress the transmitting message size (0.1% of the gradient size) of each node and still preserve accuracy. However, the literature on compressing deep networks focuses almost exclusively on achieving good compression rate, while the efficiency of RGC in real implementation has been less investigated. In this paper, we develop an RGC method that achieves significant training time improvement in real-world multi-GPU systems. Our proposed RGC system design called RedSync, introduces a set of optimizations to reduce communication bandwidth while introducing limited overhead. We examine the performance of RedSync on two different multiple GPU platforms, including a supercomputer and a multi-card server. Our test cases include image classification on Cifar10 and ImageNet, and language modeling tasks on Penn Treebank and Wiki2 datasets. For DNNs featured with high communication to computation ratio, which has long been considered with poor scalability, RedSync shows significant performance improvement.
An Overview of Classical Management Theories : A Review Article

Undoubtedly, management is an important issue in any organization where predetermined objective cannot be accomplished without proper management. Management is the art of undertaking different tasks with the help of other people. There is a jungle of management theories divided into classical, behavioral and situational theories. The most famous three classical management theories (scientific, administrative and bureaucratic) are discussed in this article. The science of management theory (in addition to other factors) is a basic requirement for managers of any organization, so that they can deal with different challenges in order to present the science, positive and negative aspects of management theories for managers and management scientists. Common features of classical management theory are chain of commands, authoritarian management style and behavior prediction. Although these theories are obsolete, different forms of these theories are implemented in most parts of the world.
Water Management in Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production- a Case Study and Comparative Analysis from a Swedish Perspective

The project presented here has focused on studying the water balance in a wheat straw-based conceptual High Gravity (i.e. suspended solids in the bioreactors at above 20 %) lignocellulosic ethanol process using xylose-fermenting yeast, cultivated on the hydrolysate from the process. Based on an initial review of inhibitory substances in lignocellulosic ethanol production, different relevant inhibitors were selected to be included in the analysis of water flows in the process. Experimental analyses of compounds at different positions in the ethanol process were conducted, based on material extracted from the Biorefinery Demo Plant, in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden. The results from analyses were used in flowsheeting model development, which in turn was used in order to analyse the impact of recycling process streams in the conceptual ethanol process. The main result is a comparative analysis on energy efficiency and process economics between different recycling options for three different concepts (two High Gravity alternatives and one Low Gravity alternative with 10 % suspended solids). The results indicate the levels of inhibitory substances at different positions in the ethanol process, and connect this information with the opportunities for recycling and reducing water flow. It is shown that water is an important factor for the economic performance of the process, and that a higher solids content in the process gives better results due to lower investment costs. It is also shown that recycling process streams can have a strong effect on both energy performance (flash steam recycle) and economics (hydrolysate recycle).
Issues of construction health and safety in developing countries: a case of Jordan

The construction industry is widely regarded as one of the most significant interms of its impact on health and safety (H&S). Recent findings suggestthat in developing countries H&S awareness and performance is low. In this paper,the current state of H&S on construction sites in Jordan was explored usinga two-part investigation. The first part introduces the area of research in aliterature based study of on-site safety. The second part is a case study onthe Jordanian construction industry and its current H&S practices. Primary datawas collected from field visits, expert interviews and semi-structuredquestionnaires. Supporting secondary data was collected from archival studiesand related research literature. The research findings highlight a lack of governmentcommitment exemplified by regulations, policies and legal constraints thatlimit the operational efficiency of those government departments responsiblefor H&S management, and hindering the development of good H&S practice.Research results also highlight the key constraints of good H&S practice fromthe perspective of construction contractors.The study concludes with discussion ofpotential solutions toimprove H&S performance on construction sites in Jordan.
Spatial Domain Steganography Using Bit-4 of DCT Coefficients

Steganography is the art and science of concealing secret information in such a way that no one apart from the sender and intended recipient even realize that there is hidden information. In this paper, we describe a new method of steganography based on embedding message bits in the 4th bit of the coefficients of a transform domain, such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Wavelet, of an image. The proposed technique utilizes the idea of SSB-4 technique in modifying the other bits (i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd and/or 5th), to obtain the minimum variation between the original and the modified coefficient. Since this approach uses significant bit, the hidden message resides in more robust areas, spread across the entire stego image, and provides better resistance against compression and steganalysis processes. The obtained experimental results also indicate that; the proposed method is an efficient and acceptable steganogaphy scheme.
Unconditional bases in tensor products of Hilbert spaces

We prove that a tensor norm $\alpha$ (defined on tensor products of Hilbert spaces) is the Hilbert-Schmidt norm if and only if $\ell_2\otimes\cdots\otimes \ell_2$, endowed with the norm $\alpha$, has an unconditional basis. This extends a classical result of Kwapien and Pelczynski. The symmetric version of that statement follows, and this extends a recent result of Defant, Diaz, Garcia and Maestre.
Tracing carbon flow from microphytobenthos to major bacterial groups in an intertidal marine sediment by using an in situ 13C pulse‐chase method

Carbon flow from benthic diatoms to heterotrophic bacterial was traced in an intertidal sediment for 5 consecutive days. 13C‐labeled bicarbonate was sprayed onto the sediment surface during low tide and 13C‐label incorporation in major carbon pools, intermediate metabolites, and biomarkers were monitored. Phospholipid‐derived fatty acid (PLFA) and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) were used to identify the responsible members of the microbial community at class and family phylogenetic resolution. Diatoms were the predominant primary producers, and Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Deltaproteobacteria (21%, 8%, and 7% of 16S rRNA‐derived clone library) were major heterotrophic bacterial groups. Both 13C‐PLFA and 13C‐rRNA data suggest a fast transfer of label from diatoms (60 nmol 13C g−1 dry weight [dry wt]) to bacteria (7 nmol 13C g−1 dry wt) during the first 24 h, which was probably due to the exudation of low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds by diatoms that could be directly utilized by bacteria. After this initial fast transfer, labeling of bacteria proceeded at a slower rate to 13 nmol 13C g−1 dry wt on the third day of the experiment, which coincided with the degradation of carbohydrates in water‐extractable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) initially produced by the diatoms. Water‐extractable EPS (primarily as glucose) was a major intermediate and its turnover explained 75% of the total carbohydrate processing in the sediment. Labeling in bacteria tracked labeling in the diatoms, suggesting a closely coupled system. The heterotrophic bacterial groups benefited equally from the organic matter released by the diatoms, suggesting limited specialization in this microbial food web.
Enhancing the resilience of children and young people in public care by mentoring their talents and interests

It is argued that the progress and resilience of young people in public care can be greatly enhanced by attention to the value of cultural, sporting and other activities in their lives. Sensitive mentoring of the young person in these activities by concerned adults – members of the child’s social network or volunteers – can foster the potential of the young person, build self-esteem, strengthen mental health and open new social relationships beyond the care system. A series of case illustrations are used to demonstrate how such involvement in activities can greatly improve the prospects for a more successful transition out of care. It is suggested that the potential of this neglected dimension of care can only be fully realized through alert professional practice, imaginative engagement with potential ‘natural’ mentors, supportive agency policy, effective care planning systems, and relevant training and professional supervision for social workers.
Mantle weakening and strain localization: Implications for the long-term strength of the continental lithosphere

Mechanics of the continental lithosphere require the presence of a high-strength uppermost mantle that defines the “jelly sandwich” model for lithosphere strength layering. However, in deforming regions, growing numbers of geological and geophysical data predict a sub-Moho mantle strength lower than the crustal strength, or a “creme brulee” model. To reconcile these two opposite views of lithosphere strength layering, we account for a new olivine rheology, which could promote some weakening during dynamic grain size reduction that enhances grain boundary sliding. We performed a one-dimensional numerical model of a deforming rock in order to quantify strain localization due to this weakening rheology. Strain localization occurs at temperatures lower than 800 °C and reaches a maximum at 610 °C, increasing the strain rate from 10 −15 to >10 −13 s −1 . These results imply the existence of a sub-Moho ductile localizing mantle on a lithosphere scale, which occurs at Moho temperatures lower than 800 °C. Also, the localizing degree of this ductile mantle increases with decreasing Moho temperatures down to 550 °C. Such a ductile localizing mantle could therefore promote large strain localization during lithosphere deformation, like the brittle mantle that is commonly assumed in the “jelly sandwich” model. Furthermore, the long-term deformation (≥10 6 yr) of the ductile localizing mantle could change the lithosphere strength layering from “jelly sandwich” to “creme brulee” in response to the grain boundary sliding–induced weakening in mantle shear zones.
Water Mass Formation in an Isopycnal Model of the North Pacific

Abstract An isopycnal model coupled with a mixed layer model is used to study transformation and formation rates in the North Pacific. When annual formation rates are averaged over the entire North Pacific, a large peak in water mass formation is found at a density of approximately σθ = 26 kg m−3. This peak in formation rate corresponds to the formation of North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) in the model. No corresponding peaks in formation rate are found at the densities of Subtropical Mode Water (STMW; σθ ∼25.4 kg m−3) or Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESMW; σθ ∼24–25.4 kg m−3) when averaged over the entire model basin. However, when calculated locally, enhanced formation rates are found at the densities of these mode water masses. The formation of each of the three types of North Pacific mode water in the model occurs because of different circumstances. As expected, STMW formation is dependent on the strong cooling and resultant deep mixed layers over the Kuroshio Current region. However, formation.