Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Contextual Window Sizes Based RNNs for Multimodal Emotion Detection in Interactive Conversations

Multimodal emotion detection (MED) in interactive conversations is extremely important for improving the overall human-computer interaction experience. Present research methods in this domain do not explicitly distinguish the contexts of a test utterance in a meaningful way while classifying emotions in conversations. In this paper, we propose a model, named different contextual window sizes based recurrent neural networks (DCWS-RNNs), to differentiate the contexts. The model has four recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that use different contextual window sizes. These window sizes can represent the implicit weights of different aspects of contexts. Further, four RNNs are independently to model the different aspects of contexts into memories. Such memories with the test utterance are then merged using attention-based multiple hops. Experiments show DCWS-RNNs outperforms the compared methods on both the IEMOCAP and AVEC datasets. Case studies on the IEMOCAP dataset also demonstrate that our model has excellent performance to capture the emotional dependent utterance that is most relevant to the test utterance and assigned to the highest attention score.
Effect of heterozygous PPARγ deficiency and TZD treatment on insulin resistance associated with age and high-fat feeding

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is the target receptor for thiazolidinedione (TZD) compounds, which are a class of insulin-sensitizing drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Paradoxically, however, mice deficient in PPARgamma (PPARgamma(+/-)) are more insulin sensitive than their wild-type (WT) littermates, not less, as would be predicted. To determine whether PPARgamma deficiency could prevent the development of the insulin resistance associated with increasing age or high-fat (HF) feeding, insulin sensitivity was assessed in PPARgamma(+/-) and WT mice at 2, 4, and 8 mo of age and in animals fed an HF diet. Because TZDs elicit their effect through PPARgamma receptor, we also examined the effect of troglitazone (a TZD) in these mice. Glucose metabolism was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity declined with age for both groups. However, the decline in the PPARgamma(+/-) animals was substantially less than that of the WT animals, such that, by 8 mo of age, the PPARgamma(+/-) mice were markedly more insulin sensitive than the WT mice. This greater sensitivity in PPARgamma(+/-) mice was lost with TZD treatment. HF feeding led to marked adipocyte hypertrophy and peripheral tissue and hepatic insulin resistance in WT mice but also in PPARgamma(+/-) mice. Treatment of these mice with troglitazone completely prevented the adipocyte hypertrophy and normalized insulin action. In conclusion, PPARgamma deficiency partially protects against age-related insulin resistance but does not protect against HF diet-induced insulin resistance.
Digital Beamforming for Antenna Arrays

With an increasing number of subscribers to the terrestrial cellular and/or satellite based services, and a resultant rise in the demand for the data rate, there is an urgent need of advanced signal processing schemes that improve the power and the spectral efficiencies. Digital beamforming using an array of antenna elements is one such technique. When multiple co-channel signals arrive at an antenna array, the digital beamforming techniques, based on advanced signal processing algorithms, improve the array’s Directivity in the direction of the Signal of Interest (SoI) while minimizing the array gain in the direction of the Signals Not of Interest (SNoI). The beamforming weights are estimated either using supervised (non-blind) learning methods or unsupervised (blind) methods. The main focus of this paper is on a survey of the digital techniques of beamforming and identifying/summarizing the merits and the drawbacks of each technique. The objective is to summarize the current state of the art for a judicious selection of a suitable technique for the application of interest.
Capacity Demand based Multiobjective Optimal Small Cell Placement under Realistic Deployment Scenario

To address operator's capacity challenges, efficient demand driven deployment of 4G and 5G small cells considering multiple targets of the operator is very important. To that end, multiobjective optimized small cell planning methodology has recently been proposed. Yet, the method does not provide straightforward mechanism to consider operator's spatial capacity demand that can be obtained from operator's existing network capacity and data market targets. In this work, we present a capacity demand based multiobjective optimal small cell placement method and its performance analysis for exemplary service area of Addis Ababa. To formulate spatial capacity demand, we use spatial user and traffic distribution data from network management system of existing network. As an input for Matlab based network simulation multiobjective optimization, propagation is computed using deterministic ray tracing model over 3D building and terrain map of the service area. The multiobjective optimization is performed for network capacity and cost objectives in this work using a Genetic Algorithm. Results show that the multiobjective placement method presents optimal small cell topologies that meet operator's spatial capacity demand while optimizing aggregate network capacity and cost. The optimization reduced 185-network topology to 45–130 optimal network topologies while significantly improving network capacity. The capacity improvement shows significant user throughput improvement effect. For instance, the 130-topology provides 57% gain in 90%-ile user throughput compared to the not optimized 185-topology.
Evaluation of Aerosol Jet Printing of Frequency Selective Surface on Glass for Building and RF Applications

The use of Aerosol Jet Printing technology to fabricate frequency selective surfaces (FSS) on glass for secure WLAN building applications is presented. Aerosol Jet Printing is combined with nano particle silver inks to produce the FSS array. A square loop design in a square lattice is employed in this demonstrator. The structure operates around the 2.5 GHz frequency band commonly used in wireless communication systems and covers a wide range frequencies. A single layer array design is studied. Aerosol Jet printing is able to produce fine tracks needed for the design and provide sufficient conductivity for the filtering performance. The aim is to demonstrate a potential solution for the development of FSS for building and radio frequency (RF) shielding applications. In particular, windows can contain these printed RF structures and enhanced their RF capabilities. CST Microwave Studio was used for the simulation of the FSS. Simulations compare well with measurements.
A Novel Methodology to Design Substrate Integrated Waveguide based H-plane Horns with Improved Radiations using Air Perforations

A Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) inspired H- plane sectoral horn is presented in this work. A front dielectric load is incorporated in the design, which has been perforated by air vias, arranged in a circular fashion, for improved matching from the antenna to free space. This design operates at 21.36 GHz with a gain of 10.19 dBi bearing overall dimensions of 57 mm × 38 mm. The overall structure is etched on a single substrate and is fed coaxially with a standard SMA based connector model, making it a low cost solution for high gain antenna design.
Graphene Printed Flexible and Conformal Array Antenna on Paper Substrate for 5.8GHz Wireless Communications

In this paper, a printed graphene compact, low-cost, disposal, flexible and conformal, coplanar waveguide (cpw) fed, linear array antenna is proposed. It was designed for 5.8GHz radars, portable electronic devices, and commercial wireless LAN applications and manufactured by screen printing formulated highly conductive graphene ink on paper substrate. The array achieves 73% total radiation efficiency and a peak gain value of 4.5dBi at 5.8GHz, with its bandwidth ranges from 4.6GHz to 7.9GHz (52.8%). Over the operating frequency, the radiation of the antenna was proved as a typical radiation pattern of a patch antenna array.
Female flower and fruit anatomy of Tetroncium magellanicum: implications for gynoecium evolution in the early divergent monocot order Alismatales

Female flower and fruit anatomy, including vasculature, are studied for the first time in Tetroncium (Juncaginaceae: Alismatales). Other members of Juncaginaceae (and the relatively close Maundiaceae) possess a peculiar type of gynoecium with pronounced carpel fusion via the floral centre. Their carpels are supplied by individual vascular traces and can be interpreted either as synascidiate (if viewed as horizontally inserted) or free and plicate (if viewed as obliquely inserted on an elongated receptacle). In Tetroncium, the gynoecium is tetracarpellate and clearly has a well-developed synascidiate zone with septa formed by united flanks of adjacent carpels. The gynoecium of Tetroncium is supplied by a common ring of vascular tissue that splits into dorsal and heterocarpellary ventral (synventral) bundles, a condition that can be expected in a typical syncarpous gynoecium. The fruit is indehiscent and contains one or two seeds. The syncarpy of Tetroncium is of functional significance for fruit formation, as it allows the thin septa to be distorted, thus providing more space for the developing seed(s). The occurrence of typical syncarpy in Tetroncium provides further evidence for the highly homoplastic evolution of gynoecium characters in the early-divergent monocot order Alismatales. Either the similarity between gynoecia of Maundiaceae and Triglochin (Juncaginaceae) is due to parallel evolution or the syncarpy of Tetroncium should be viewed as secondarily derived. In the latter scenario, fusion via the floral centre is probably a synapomorphy of core Alismatales (Helobiae) and more typical syncarpy evolved independently in several lineages, such as Scheuchzeria, Tetroncium and Butomus/Hydrocharitaceae. In total, Tetroncium differs from other Juncaginaceae in 13 structural characters, including ensiform leaves that are similar to those of Tofieldiaceae. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 712–724.
Compressive Sensing on Three Dimensional SFCW Ground-Penetrating Radar

Stepped-frequency continuous-wave ground-penetrating radars (SFCW GPRs) are characterized by relatively low data acquisition speed caused by stepwise slow scanning of the frequency spectrum. The improvement of the imaging speed in SFCW GPR mostly relies on reducing the data acquisition time. In this paper, a paradigm of compressive sensing (CS) is explored in order to minimize the acquisition time in three dimensional SFCW GPRs by reducing the amount of real-time acquired data below the Nyquist rate by the use of the likely spatial sparsity of the underground. The signal reconstruction is performed by using the greedy algorithm Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). Data set with synthetic underground mines is accurately reconstructed for compression ratios up to 85%; causing that the data acquisition time is reduced 6.67 times. In addition, the results show that for the data set of synthetic mines degraded by uniform noise, the proposed CS approach can be used for effective noise-removal filtering.
Wideband Vertically Polarized Dual-Beam Antenna Using Modulated Metasurfaces

In this paper, a dual beam vertically polarized metasurface antenna with broad bandwidth and high polarization purity is designed. Its aim is to improve the antenna polarization all over the visible region. Furthermore, by implementing a surface-wave reflector and removing the destructive effects of backward modes, the operational bandwidth of antenna is significantly improved. The scanning bandwidth of antenna is achieved for the frequency band of 16-19.5 GHz with suitable levels of cross polarization. Also, the gain of two distinct beams are approximately equal all over the operational bandwidth. The Fourier technique is used in the aperture of antenna to synthesize the dual-beam pattern. Moreover, there is a good agreement between this method and the full-wave simulations.
Cognitive Radio Machine Type Communication with Spectrum Aggregation in Cellular Networks

The next generation cellular networks are expected to provide massive connectivity with support for high data-rate applications. Machine type communication (MTC) is one of the emerging technologies envisaged to facilitate large-scale provisioning of diverse services with varying quality of service (QoS) requirements. Spectrum aggregation (SA) is one of the promising techniques to increase capacity for high data rate applications and services. In this paper, cognitive radio (CR) MTC (CR-MTC) framework with spectrum aggregation (SA) in cellular networks is considered. The CR-MTC comprises MTC gateway (MTCG) through which data from MTC devices (MTCDs) is relayed to the base-station (BS). In order to support high data-rates, the MTCG employs SA for concurrent transmissions through multiple channels. Performance of SA over fading wireless channels is therefore presented, based on the developed analytical models for ergodic capacity and outage probability. The presented simulation and analytical results reveal that performance of SA in wireless channels is subject to fading, wherefore it can be deduced that SA is mainly beneficial in high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio regime.
Heat blockage of air gap for inner overheating of high-voltage power cable and delay of early detection

Early detection for inner overheating of high-voltage cable is important for safe power supply. A new radial heat transfer model is developed for a typical 110 kV cable with an air gap layer. Numerical analyses are conducted for dynamic temperature field in cable induced by hot copper core with different thicknesses of air gap. The results show that the air gap has an important heat blockage for the outward heat transfer in cable. The air gap causes the temperature inside the overheated cable to rise faster and the temperature outside slower. The air gap not only reduces the response sensitivity of the surface temperature on inner overheating but also induces the inner layers to heat up and even break down. Finally, the non-dimensional temperatures on cable surface indicate that the detection of inner overheating cable would be delayed if the air gap is not considered in calculation models.
Comparative Assessment of Machine Learning Methods for Urban Vegetation Mapping Using Multitemporal Sentinel-1 Imagery

Mapping of green vegetation in urban areas using remote sensing techniques can be used as a tool for integrated spatial planning to deal with urban challenges. In this context, multitemporal (MT) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have not been equally investigated, as compared to optical satellite data. This research compared various machine learning methods using single-date and MT Sentinel-1 (S1) imagery. The research was focused on vegetation mapping in urban areas across Europe. Urban vegetation was classified using six classifiers—random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), AdaBoost.M1 (AB), and extreme learning machine (ELM). Whereas, SVM showed the best performance in the single-date image analysis, the MLP classifier yielded the highest overall accuracy in the MT classification scenario. Mean overall accuracy (OA) values for all machine learning methods increased from 57% to 77% with speckle filtering. Using MT SAR data, i.e., three and five S1 imagery, an additional increase in the OA of 8.59% and 13.66% occurred, respectively. Additionally, using three and five S1 imagery for classification, the F1 measure for forest and low vegetation land-cover class exceeded 90%. This research allowed us to confirm the possibility of MT C-band SAR imagery for urban vegetation mapping.
A Multiobjective Optimisation Approach for Sustainable Resource Consumption and Production in Food-Energy-Water Nexus

People need food, energy and water for survival and prosperity. However, it is a challenge to meet the demand for these necessities because urbanization and climate change impacts are destroying food, energy and water systems. Resource optimization in one sector can undermine security in another due to competition for the same resources. Therefore, multiobjective optimization approaches have been used to understand the complexity associated with the Food, Energy Water Nexus. However most of these approaches focus on either maximizing resource production or minimizing resource consumption in the FEW Nexus. Maximizing production and minimizing consumption of resources simultaneously are two conflicting objectives that have not been well addressed by existing multiobjective optimization approaches. Therefore, it is difficult for these approaches to recognize feedback and cascading effects occurring in the FEW Nexus due to the interdependencies of the food, energy and water. For Sustainability of the FEW Nexus to be achieved, sustainable consumption and production of the resources within it need to be emphasized. Therefore, a novel multiobjective optimization approach that can explore alternative ways of both maximizing production and minimizing consumption simultaneously is proposed. This approach can be implemented using an Agent Based Evolutionary Algorithm as future work.
A Review of Terrestrial Carbon Assessment Methods Using Geo-Spatial Technologies with Emphasis on Arid Lands

Geo-spatial technologies (i.e., remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)) offer the means to enable a rapid assessment of terrestrial carbon stock (CS) over large areas. The utilization of an integrated RS-GIS approach for above ground biomass (AGB) estimation and precision carbon management is a timely and cost-effective solution for implementing appropriate management strategies at a localized and regional scale. The current study reviews various RS-related techniques used in the CS assessment, with emphasis on arid lands, and provides insight into the associated challenges, opportunities and future trends. The study examines the traditional methods and highlights their limitations. It explores recent and developing techniques, and identifies the most significant RS variables in depicting biophysical predictors. It further demonstrates the usefulness of geo-spatial technologies for assessing terrestrial CS, especially in arid lands. RS of vegetation in these ecosystems is constrained by unique challenges specific to their environmental conditions, leading to high inaccuracies when applying biomass estimation techniques developed for other ecosystems. This study reviews and highlights advantages and limitations of the various techniques and sensors, including optical, RADAR and LiDAR, that have been extensively used to estimate AGB and assess CS with RS data. Other new methods are introduced and discussed as well. Finally, the study highpoints the need for further work to fill the gaps and overcome limitations in using these emerging techniques for precision carbon management. Geo-spatial technologies are shown to be a valuable tool for estimating carbon sequestered especially in difficult and remote areas such as arid land.
Methodical recommendations for the description of soft bottom communities in the littoral zone

Abstract During the study of benthic communities, the choice of a sampling programme is often not given enough attention. Common practice consists of estimating the number of replicates through standard error or coefficient of variation of individual species abundance, but when the object of the study is the whole community, this method is not relevant. We considered the effect of a different number of replicates on the result of community differentiation using different approaches, in particular cluster analysis. Previous studies have shown that five samples did not guarantee a reliable assessment of heterogeneity of benthic biocenosis for long-term monitoring at three control sites in the waters of the Keret archipelago (the White Sea). In 2008 the number of replicates per station was increased to 10. It was shown that the communities that were studied should be identified as the typical biocenosis in the White Sea littoral zone. We estimated the number of replicates that are sufficient to achieve biocenosis differentiation. We therefore carried out repeated macrobenthos comparisons based on a different numbers of samples (10 to 1). It followed that there are differences in the number of replicates required for different approaches for the description of a macrobenthic biocenosis: when community descriptions are based only on dominant taxa, three replicates are sufficient; classification of the data on species composition required five or more samples; for species biomass, four or more samples; and for species abundance, six or more samples.
Temperature and Emissivity Separation 'Draping' Algorithm Applied to Hyperspectral Infrared Data

In the presented work, the spectral emissivity of basaltic melts at magmatic temperatures was retrieved in a laboratory-controlled experiment by measuring their spectral radiance. Granulated bombs of Etnean basalts were melted and the radiant energy from the melting surface was recorded by a portable spectroradiometer in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral range between 1500 and 2500 nm. The Draping algorithm, an improved algorithm for temperature and emissivity separation, was applied for the first time to SWIR hyperspectral data in order to take into account the non-uniform temperature distribution of the melt surface and, at the same time, solving the two temperatures and the spectral emissivity. The results have been validated by comparing our results with the emissivity measured at a "lava simulator". Basalt spectral emissivity does not vary significantly at magmatic temperature, but shows an absorption feature in the range 2180–2290 nm, an atmospheric window pivotal for the IR remote sensing of active volcanoes.