Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
9-Oxo-4,5-diazo­niafluorene sulfate

The diimine ligand 4,5-diaza­fluoren-9-one crystallized from an acid solution as the diprotonated sulfate salt, C11H8N2O2+·SO42−. Both H atoms reside on the N atoms of the diaza­fluorenone ring and the sulfate anion hydrogen bonds to them. Both ions lie on a mirror plane.
Effect of the rhg1 gene on penetration, development and reproduction of Heterodera glycines race 3

Penetration, development, and reproduction of Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode, SCN) were compared in the roots of near-isogenic lines (NIL) differing at the rhg1 locus. Soybean seedlings were inoculated with newly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2) of an SCN race 3 inbred population. At an inoculum level of 2500 J2 per plant, similar numbers of J2 were detected in both NIL sampled daily up to 4 days after inoculation (DAI), although juvenile numbers in roots varied among experiments and over the sampling points. Samples were collected at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 21 DAI to observe nematode development. All life stages of the nematode were detected in both NIL. No significant differences were observed between the NIL in the number of nematodes at juvenile stages or the adult male stage in the roots. By contrast, significant differences were detected in the number of mature females. Adult females were first seen at 12 DAI. A significantly lower number of females was consistently detected on the NIL-R line than on the NIL-S line at both 16 and 21 DAI. The number of females per plant on the NIL-R line was about 31 and 23% of those on the NIL-S line at 16 and 21 DAI, respectively. On average, the number of females at 21 DAI represented 7% of the number of J2 at 1 DAI on the NIL-R line, compared to 28% on the NIL-S line. Significantly fewer eggs were produced per female from the NIL-R line than from the NIL-S line at 21 DAI. At 28 DAI, the females on the NIL-R line were also significantly smaller than those from the NIL-S line. This study demonstrated that the presence of the rhg1 gene did not stop the nematode from penetrating. Instead, the effect of the rhg1 gene was to slowly suppress SCN growth, development and fecundity of females.
Proteomics of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is characterized by specific cytogenetic aberrations that are strong determinants of prognostic outcome and therapeutic response. Because the pathological outcome of AML patients with cytogentic abnormalities differs considerably we hypothesized that their proteome may also differ specifically in their expression pattern, protein interaction pathways and posttranslational modifications. We performed this study using 42 AML patients diagnosed for various cytogenetic abnormalities based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF Tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis. We could identify significant differences in the proteome and posttranslational modifications of peptides, later confirmed by other methods, between cytogenetic groups. The interactome analysis based on computational bioinformatics reveals a major regulating networks, MAPK8 and MYC for complex aberrant karyotype, TP53 for t(8;21), TP53- MYC- PRKAC for 11q23, JUN and MYC for Inv(16). We could show in our validation and characterisation experiments that survivin is a novel target of t(8;21) leukemia and AML1-ETO directly regulates its expression to induce the differentiation block that could be overcome by silencing its expression. Further, we analysed 42 MS spectra representative of hnRNPH1, Calreticulin and hnRNPA2/B1 in a peak explorer which reveals a cytogenetic specific posttranslational modification of β-O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) of hnRNPH1 in AML patients with 11q23 translocation, an acetylation of calreticulin in t(8;21) translocation and methylation of hnRNPA2/B1 in patients with translocations of t(8;21) and inv(16). This report may lead to a new thinking about the AML pathogenesis as differences at PTM level could be used to distinguish different subtypes of AML besides for testing the therapeutic significance. Further, we characterised the biological role of survivin identified specifically from t(8;21) patients. We could show that AML1-ETO induces the expression of survivin both in a cell line model and in primary human hematopoietic precursors. AML1-ETO activates the basal transcription of the survivin promoter and binds to the only AML1 core enhancer binding sequence, TGTGGT, in survivin promotor. Repression of AML1-ETO mediated induction of survivin expression by a specific short hairpin RNA restores C/EBPα protein and its basal transcriptional activity on its own promotor. This restoration differentiates AML1-ETO positive leukemic cells to terminal granulocytic differentiation and growth arrest. These observations indicate that the antiapoptotic survivin protein, which holds a great therapeutic promise, is a critical mediator of AML1-ETO induced defective granulopoiesis. Thus, proving that AML1-ETO induces inhibition of granulocytic differentiation by activating survivin expression
Sensory Comparison of Fermented Soybeans (Cheongkookjang) Inoculated with Various Bacillus species by Principal Component Analysis

For selecting less malodorous and stickier fermented soybean products, twenty microbes were isolated from 10 different samples of Cheongkookjang. The sensory characteristics of the 20 fermented soybean products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis, and followed principal component analysis. Five of the microbes had offered sticky and soft sensory characteristics.
Fatty Acids in the Meat of Buffaloes Supplemented with Fish Oil

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the influence of both a supplementary fish oil diet on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and n6 and n3 fatty acids on intramuscular fat in Mediterranean buffalo meat. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups and fed with Brachiaria brizantha, 3Kg rice bran, 500 g corn and 500 g sunflower pellets for 60 days. Group I received this diet only while in group II each animal received additional 100 ml fish oil daily. Results indicated a significant decrease of palmitic fatty acid in group II (232.67 mg/g fat) in relation to group I (254.73 mg/g fat). Among unsaturated acids (AGI), the 9c 11t CLA value of group II (21.23 mg/g fat) showed an increase in relation to group I (15.80 mg/g fat), while the linoleic acid content of group II (28,85 mg/g fat) decreased significantly in relation to group I (47,00 mg/g fat). However, the alpha linolenic acid showed no significant difference between the supplemented diet group and the control group (10.31 and 10.70 mg/g fat, respectively). Group II n6/n3 ratio was narrower (2.69:1) than that of group I (4.55:1). Summing up, group II diet, which included fish oil, increased the CLA content in intramuscular fat and decreased the n6 fatty acids, improving the n6/n3 ratio.
Participação do nitrogênio na indução de injúrias foliares e na eficácia do herbicida glyphosate

Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes aspectos da participacao do nitrogenio na inducao de injurias foliares e na eficacia do herbicida glyphosate, foram desenvolvidos tres experimentos, sendo dois em casa de vegetacao, com as especies Avena strigosa e Ipomoea triloba + Sorghum halepense, e um em campo, com Brachiaria decumbens. Avaliou-se a aplicacao de glyphosate combinado com ureia (U), com sulfato de amonio (SA) e com U+AS, alem de fertilizacao previa do solo com nitrogenio e pulverizacao de caldas concentradas com ate 20% de N. A pulverizacao de caldas concentradas com ate 20% de N nao dessecou adequadamente as especies A. strigosa e B. decumbens, provocando danos maximos de cerca de 30%. A utilizacao de solucao de SA ou de U+SA como veiculo de pulverizacao do glyphosate elevou o controle de I. triloba. As solucoes nitrogenadas aceleraram a atividade do glyphosate para dessecacao de S. halepense, porem, sem diferencas visiveis aos 28 dias apos aplicacao. A escolha da dose adequada de glyphosate (1.800 g ha-1) para dessecacao de B. decumbens foi fundamental para obtencao de elevado controle, sendo que a unica alternativa que elevou a eficacia da menor dose do produto foi a fertilizacao previa do solo com 150 kg ha-1 de SA.
Host status of some plants for Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micol.) and their susceptibility to viruses transmitted by this species

SUMMARY Forty plant species were grown in pots containing viruliferous Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micol.) for 15 wk to assess the host range of the nematode in relation to infection with arabis mosaic (AMV) and strawberry latent ring-spot (SLRV) viruses. Host status for the nematode was determined mainly from changes in total populations, but the presence of eggs in the uteri of females and changes in the numbers of adults provided additional criteria. The nematode multiplied on relatively more woody perennials than on herbaceous crop plants or weeds. Chrysanthemum coronarium was the only plant on which numbers declined significantly below those on the controls. Most plant species became infected with either AMV or SLRV. Neither virus was detected in eight out of thirteen species of trees and shrubs although four were good hosts for the nematode. Galling or distortion of the terminal region of fine feeder roots, associated with X. diversicaudatum feeding, was seen on many of the experimental plants.
Effects of Wheat Protein Fractions on Flour Tortilla Quality

ABSTRACT Commercial wheat protein fractions (10) were evaluated during processing for quality of tortillas prepared using pastry, tortilla, and bread flours. Protein fractions that separately modify dough resistance and extensibility were evaluated in tortillas to determine whether the proteins could increase diameter, opacity, and shelf stability. Tortillas were prepared using laboratory-scale, commercial equipment with fixed processing parameters. Dough and tortilla properties were evaluated using analytical methods, a texture analyzer, and subjective methods. Tortillas were stored in plastic bags at 22°C for up to 20 days. Adjustments in water absorption and level of reducing agent were made to normalize differences in functionality of 3% added proteins on dough properties. Tortilla weight, moisture, pH, opacity, and specific volume were not affected by added proteins, except for glutenin and vital wheat gluten treatments, which had decreased opacity in tortillas prepared from pastry flour. Increased i.
Orchids keep the ascomycetes outside: a highly diverse group of ascomycetes colonizing the velamen of epiphytic orchids from a tropical mountain rainforest in Southern Ecuador

Orchid mycorrhizal detection, based only on fungal isolation from roots, is biased due to difficulties in isolating the respective fungi. Previous investigations have shown that mostly ascomycetes, housed in the sheltered compartment of the velamen covering the roots of epiphytic orchids, are isolated on agar plates. Roots of 83 individual epiphytic orchid of Stelis hallii, S. superbiens, S. concinna, Stelis sp. and Pleurothallis lilijae were sampled in the Reserva Biológica San Francisco, Southern Ecuador. The velamen was partly removed and root tissue macerated and transferred to Petri dishes containing corn meal agar, malt extract agar and Melin Norkrans modified medium. DNA was extracted from the cultures and the 5.8S-ITS region and partial nrLSU sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed members of 12 orders of ascomycetes associated with the roots of these orchids, a much higher diversity than previously known. Twelve isolates were related to the Helotiales. Our results have uncovered some of the fungal diversity within the velamen of epiphytic orchids; fungi invading, most likely, from tree bark or humus accumulation close to the roots.
Application of Richards's growth model to Brown-headed Parrot Poicephalus cryptoxanthus nestlings

We generated a generalised growth curve for the Brown-headed Parrot Poicephalus cryptoxanthus. The growth model correlated well with the data from captive-bred chicks and should be used by ecologists and aviculturists to monitor the health of chicks, parental performance or disease and parasitism.
Seasonal Distribution of Phytoplankton in Riwada Reservoir, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

The present study deals with seasonal variations, correlation coefficient and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton during April 2011 to March 2012 in the Riwada reservoir, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sampling was performed at five stations during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon. There were a total of 57 genera belonging to four major groups i.e., Chlorophyceae (27 genera), Bacillariophyceae (14 genera), Cyanophyceae (13 genera) and Euglenophyceae (three genera). Maximum and minimum total phytoplankton population and percentages were recorded at station three in pre monsoon and at station two during monsoon. The maximum and minimum species richness (Menhinick index R2) were found to be 1.29 at station one and 1.10 at station three respectively. Maximum and minimum species diversity (H1) were found at station four (3.98) and station two (3.71). Maximum species evenness was recorded at stations one, being four and five; minimum species evenness was recorded at station two. Correlation coefficient matrix indicated significant positive relationship with water temperature, pH, transparency, biological oxygen demand and chlorides, negative relationship with electric conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, sulphates and phosphates of water. The diversity indices showed that the reservoir have a well balanced phytoplankton community.
Uso da água ozonizada na sanitização dos tetos de bovinos e sua influência na qualidade do leite

This study evaluated the efficiency of ozonated water compared with chlorhexidine to disinfect teats of cattle and their influence on milk quality. 48 cows were separated in 2 groups of sanitation: (I) using ozonated water at 2 mg.L -1 for 30s and (II) using 2%(v/v) chlorhexidine for 30s (standard methodology of disinfection). Before and after sanitation, swabs of teat were collected for carry out microbiological analysis. Additionally, after teats sanitation, the milking was performed and the obtained milk were evaluated by microbiological and physico-chemical parameters. The number of decimal reductions (NDR) reached after ozone sanitation was 2.52, 2.09 and 1.50 for aerobic mesophilic, Staphylococcus sp. and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. The use of chlorhexidine promoted NRD of 2.38 (aerobic mesophilic), 2.04 ( Staphylococcus sp.) and 1.16 (Enterobacteriaceae). Therefore, no significant differences were found between NRD caused by chlorhexidine and ozonated water. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the psychrotrophic and aerobic mesophilic counts of the milk obtained after teats sanitation with ozonated water and chlorhexidine. Furthermore, it was observed that only samples obtained from cows treated with chlorhexidine showed the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. There were no changes in the physico-chemical parameters of milk obtained after both treatments. Thus, the ozonated water is a potential substitute of chlorhexidine for cows teats sanitation, resulting in similar microbiological reductions without risks of bacterial resistance development and waste generation.
Seasonal variation in δ13C and δ18O of cellulose from growth rings of Pinus radiata

Seasonal variation in δ 13 C and δ 18 O of cellulose (δ 13 C c and δ 18 O c ) was measured within two annual rings of Pinus radiata growing at three sites in New Zealand. In general, both δ 13 C c and δ 18 O C increased to a peak over summer. The three sites differed markedly in annual water balance, and these differences were reflected in δ 13 C c and δ 18 O c . Average δ 13 C c and δ 18 O c from each site were positively related, so that the driest site had the most enriched cellulose. δ 13 C c and δ 18 O c were also related within each site, although both the slope and the closeness of fit of the relationship varied between sites. Supporting the theory, the site with the lowest average relative humidity also had the greatest change in δ 18 O c per %o change in δ 13 C c . Specific climatic events, such as drought or high rainfall, were recorded as a peak or a trough in enrichment, respectively. These results suggest that seasonal and between-site variation in δ 13 C c and δ 18 O c are driven by the interaction between variation in climatic conditions and soil water availability, and plant response to this variation.
Which chromosomes are subtelocentric or acrocentric? A new karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index

Karyotype asymmetry is well known in karyological studies of plants; however, there is no calculation of karyotype symmetry/asymmetry in other organisms. This study introduces a new formula (S/AI) for the measurement of the karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index. The main questions investigated are as follows. (i) Why is the new karyotype symmetry/asymmetry formula necessary? (ii) Which chromosomes are subtelocentric or acrocentric? (iii) What are the limits of symmetry/asymmetry according to the new formula? (iv) Is the human karyotype symmetrical or asymmetrical? In addition, the symmetry/asymmetry index is applied to the species and families of Cetacea as an example.
In vitro oocyte maturation in the sea bass: effects of hCG, pituitary extract and steroids

Exposure of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax oocytes to 25, 50, 100, and 300 IU ml−1 of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) resulted in a dose-dependent increase (ED50=60 IU ml−1) in the maximal maturation and volume response rate over a 120-h incubation period. Oocytes responded in a similar dose-dependent manner to graded doses of homologous sea bass pituitary extract (ED50=3·3#10−2 PE ml−1). The response latency of sea bass oocytes to endogenous and exogenous gonadotropins was similar (t1/2≃45 and 48 h, respectively). Both 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) and 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20βS) stimulated maturation in a dose- and time-dependent manner with t1/2 values less than those of hCG (15 h and 7·5 h at 100 ng ml−1, respectively); 17α,20α-dehydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20αP) was ineffective. 17,20βP was more potent at all doses tested. The stimulatory actions of gonadotropin and maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) involved both transcription and translation since maturation was significantly inhibited in the presence of actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Moreover, pituitary extract and hCG stimulated release of higher levels of 17,20βP in a dose- and time-dependent manner in follicle incubations as compared to 20βS suggesting that this steroid may in fact be the MIS in this species.
How many branchiopod crustacean species are there? Quantifying the components of underestimation

Aims For the crustacean class Branchiopoda, we estimated global species richness, assessed the reliability of relative diversity estimates among higher taxa and made predictions about the kinds of species remaining to be described. Location Global. Methods We calculated correction factors to account for three different sources of diversity underestimation, analysed taxonomic patterns of species descriptions over time and tested possible correlates of description date. Results Our work suggests that there are c. 2.1 times more branchiopod species in nature than the c. 1180 currently described. The largest correction factor was at the scale of single biogeographical regions, mainly attributed to poor knowledge of species diversity within described morphospecies. Relative diversity estimates among major taxonomic groups are apparently quite reliable, with diversity differences greater than 1.5-fold robust to the heterogeneity of the taxonomic process. Current knowledge of branchiopod diversity is biased towards species with large geographical ranges, whereas body size and higher taxonomic group were only weak predictors of description date. Main conclusions A proper understanding of species boundaries in nature, which is greatly aided by molecular studies, is key in accurately estimating species richness for invertebrate groups. However, we suggest that while many species remain to be described, numbers of presently described species are still useful for macroevolutionary studies of diversification when interpreted with caution.
Xylose fermentation to ethanol. A review

The past several years have seen tremendous progress in the understanding of xylose metabolism and in the identification, characterization, and development of strains with improved xylose fermentation characteristics. A survey of the numerous microorganisms capable of directly fermenting xylose to ethanol indicates that wild-type yeast and recombinant bacteria offer the best overall performance in terms of high yield, final ethanol concentration, and volumetric productivity. The best performing bacteria, yeast, and fungi can achieve yields greater than 0.4 g/g and final ethanol concentrations approaching 5%. Productivities remain low for most yeast and particularly for fungi, but volumetric productivities exceeding 1.0 g/L-h have been reported for xylose-fermenting bacteria. In terms of wild-type microorganisms, strains of the yeast Pichia stipitis show the most promise in the short term for direct high-yield fermentation of xylose without byproduct formation. Of the recombinant xylose-fermenting microorganisms developed, recombinant E. coli ATTC 11303 (pLOI297) exhibits the most favorable performance characteristics reported to date.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Mammalian P-Glycoprotein Sequences

Maria Rochelle A. Diswe1 Pocholo Joseph R. Capule1 Karlo Marco C. Cleto1 rdiswe@edsamail.com. ph karlotheman@hotmail.com Francisco S. Chung, Jr.1 Rhea Vallente Samonte2 franciscochung@hotmail.com rvs@nsri01.cs. upd.edu. ph 1 Philippine Science High School, Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 2 Biological Research and Services Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
The genus Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae, Polypodiopsida) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil - II - subgenera Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm., Cyclosorus (Link) C.V. Morton and Steiropteris (C. Chr.) K. Iwats

The family Thelypteridaceae presents considerable species richness throughout the hillside forests and coastal plains of Brazil, as well as in the forests of its southern plateau. This study was based on material collected in 24 trips to various regions within the state of Mato Grosso, as well as material deposited in the principal Brazilian herbaria and in other herbaria. The genus Thelypteris, represented in this study by the subgenera Amauropelta (Kunze) A.R. Sm. , Cyclosorus (Link) Morton and Steiropteris (C. Chr.) K. Iwats. , comprises 11 species in Mato Grosso and surrounding regions. Keys for identification, descriptions and references to illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented.
Parentage assignment in Haliotis midae L.: a precursor to future genetic enhancement programmes for South African abalone

The establishment and evaluation of family lines using pedigree information provides an advanced understanding of the variability that exists for complex, economically valuable traits and is a necessary step in the execution of an effective breeding programme. The aim of this study was to assign parentage to mass-spawned Haliotis midae juveniles using species-specific microsatellite markers. Screening of wild abalone individuals revealed that the nine loci selected complied with the minimum requirements for parentage analyses: a null allele frequency <5% as well as a high number and frequency of alleles per locus. A total of 598 individuals were genotyped (198 breeding individuals and 400 F1 progeny) from two farms, with parentage results yielding 91% and 90% successful assignment for Farms A and B respectively. This study, therefore, provided the necessary pedigree information required for controlled breeding of individual adult abalone and indicated the usefulness of the panel of microsatellite markers selected for parentage assignment.