Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of supports to the economic situation of farms with respect to their size

Th e article is dealing with an issue of subsidies granted to agricultural enterprises arising from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Th e aim of the paper is to quantify the eff ects of the individual subsidies that were used by agricultural enterprises according to their profi ts, losses and revenues. Th e size structure of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic is taken into account for more detailed measures of the subsidy impact. Th e article uses key data such as fi nancial statements of agricultural enterprises and subsidies that were received by companies over the years 2007–2011. Th e analysis was performed by using the fi xed eff ect model. An evaluation of current economic situation of these enterprises including the structure of drawn subsidies was carried out before the analysis. Diff erent impacts of subsidies on the company ́s management have been proved. Th e subsidies infl uence the medium and large enterprises signifi cantly and positively. A negative impact of subsidies was observed on profi ts and revenues of small businesses. Detailed results are described in the
The use of HEL9 and INRA035 microsatellites as specific markers for bali cattle

Bali cattle are one of Indonesian native cattle’s that famous for their ability to adapt to tropical harsh conditions. For the last 25 years, indiscriminate crossbreeding using artificial insemination (AI) organizing mainly by government might be has contaminated the purity of Bali cattle. In order to utilize as well as to conserve Bali cattle it is necessary to develop an accurate and simples method to detect the purity of Bali cattle. This experiment is the continuation of a long term experiments in developing methods to detect the purity of Bali cattle i.e. phenotypic variations, blood protein polymorphisms, hair structure, chromosome and DNA microsatellite variation analyses. The specificity of HEL9 and INRA035 microsetellites in Bali cattle as well as in Banteng (Bos sondaicus) as their ancestor was tested. The results show that A and B alleles at INRA035 microsatellite locus are monomorphic and can be used for a specific markers for Bali cattle. Allele A at locus HEL9 that has high frequency (92.90%) in Bali cattle and 100% in Banteng can also be used as a supporting marker.
Factors modifying regeneration in vitro of adventitious shoots in five red raspberry cultivars.

A B S T R A C T A number of experiments were undertaken, using the leaves from four-week-old donor shoots of five raspberry cultivars, in an attempt to improve the process of regeneration of adventitious shoots in vitro. The cultivars used were ‘Beskid’, ‘Canby’, ‘Malling Seedling’, ‘Norna’ and ‘Veten’. The medium for donor shoots of ‘Malling Seedling’ and ‘Canby’ should contain N 6 mineral salts (Chu et al., 1975) and for the ‘Beskid’, ‘Norna’ and ‘Veten’, Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) mineral salts, 0.6 mg l -1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg l -1 indole-3-butyric acid. Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with thidiazuron and indole-3-butyric acid (both at 0.1 mg l -1 ) and with FeEDTA replaced with FeEDDHA is recommended for regeneration. The medium pH for the regeneration of ‘Canby’ and ‘Malling Seedling’ should be lowered to 4.6. The highest regeneration potential was observed in ‘Beskid’, and the lowest in ‘Malling Seedling’.
A rarefied gas flow caused by a discontinuous wall temperature

A flow of a rarefied gas caused by a discontinuous wall temperature is investigated on the basis of kinetic theory in the following situation. The gas is confined in a two-dimensional square container, and the left and right halves of the wall of the container are kept at different uniform temperatures, so that the temperatures of the top and bottom walls are discontinuous at their respective middle points. External forces are assumed to be absent. The steady flow of the gas induced in the container by the effect of the discontinuities is analyzed numerically on the basis of the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model of the Boltzmann equation and the diffuse reflection boundary condition by means of an accurate finite-difference method. The features of the flow are clarified for a wide range of the Knudsen number. In particular, it is shown that, as the Knudsen number becomes small (i.e., as the system approaches the continuum limit), the maximum flow speed tends to approach a finite value, but the region with appre.
Stability of gold atoms and dimers adsorbed on graphene

We report density functional theory (DFT) calculations for gold atoms and dimers on the surface of graphene. The calculations were performed using the plane wave pseudopotential method. Calculations were performed for a variety of geometries, and both the graphene surface and gold atoms were allowed to fully relax. In agreement with experiment, our results show that the gold–gold interaction is considerably stronger than the gold–graphene interaction, implying that uniform coverage could not be attained. The minimum energy configuration for a single gold atom is found to be directly above a carbon atom, while for the dimer it is perpendicular to the surface and directly above a carbon–carbon bond. Our results are consistent with previous similar calculations.
Structured Cooperative Learning as a Means for Improving Average Achievers' Mathematical Learning in Fractions

In primary school, learning fractions is a central mathematical objective. However, the mastery of basic procedures involving fractions presents a difficulty for many students. The aim of the current intervention is to introduce structured cooperative learning as means to improve students’ learning, particularly for average achievers. Previous research has underscored that heterogeneous groups might be deleterious for average achievers because they are excluded by the teacher learner relationships that is likely to take place between low and high achievers students. This intervention proposes structuring interactions in order to boost the learning of average achievers in heterogeneous groups. We hypothesize that highly structured cooperative learning should improve average achievers’ understanding of the content-targeted in group work as well as progress in terms of fractions learning, when compared to low-structured cooperative learning. In this intervention, 108 fifth graders worked cooperatively in heterogeneous triads (a low, average, and high achiever). The triads had to express the length of one segment using three rulers with different sub-units and respecting three mathematical skills regarding fractions. Triads were randomly assigned to a low-structured or high-structured cooperative learning condition. In the low-structured condition, no specific structure was provided. (i.e., they organized their cooperative work as they wished). In the high-structured condition, each student became an expert for one part before working in the triad and endorsed different responsibilities. The results indicated that highly structured cooperative learning favors the understanding of the targeted task, especially for average-ability students. Moreover, students at all levels progressed from the baseline test to the post-test. Indeed, low and high achievers had the same progression in both conditions, whereas average achievers progressed more in the highly structured condition. Results are discussed in terms of new teaching methods that could efficiently increase average achievers’ performances.
Is Yield Endogenous to Price? An Empirical Evaluation of Inter- and Intra-Seasonal Corn Yield Response

An extensive empirical literature has examined the behavior of crop yields over time. Corn yields have been characterized by signficant increases reflecting an array of technological developments that have substantially boosted productivity. While much of the focus has been on modeling deterministic and possibly stochastic trends in yields over time, an equally important question involves the extent to which yield changes may occur in response to price. This paper addresses two dimensions of this issue. We first look at the extent to which realized yields (i.e., at harvest) tend to be influenced by planting{time quotes of post{harvest futures contracts. Second, we examine the potential for intra{seasonal responsiveness of yields to significant price swings. The latter response is especially important in light of recent arguments that weather offers identification through instruments that are completely exogenous to market conditions; a view often expressed in terms of a "natural experiment. " We challenge this argument by finding that the potential does exist for yields to be affected by significant price changes that occur early in the growing season.
Reduction, replacement and ethics of animal use in bio-science research and education

There is a widespread agreement to lower the quantity of animals used in the scientific research and education. Fewer animals should be used in the scientific and educational research practices. Major alternative to in-vivo trails are the encouragement in the use of in-vitro techniques. In late 1950,s it was proposed to decrease the number of animals in in-vivo studies. Efforts should be made to decrease and substitute them with non-sentimental alternatives. The public concerns about animal use, and ethical issues in scientific trails were seen due to the increased use of animal models in scientific research and education. The learning goals of these laboratory works need careful considerations which may lead to an idea of using the alternative methods in research. It will also help to standardise the use of animals in the in vivo experimentation. In this review the overall types of alternatives and standardization in the use of animals in scientific research and education are discussed.
INTEGRATED DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE ALKALINE DELIGNIFICATION PROCESS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Although in the public literature there are several studies that describe models of alkaline delignification, they were originallydeveloped for the paper industry, and do not include the effects of important operating variables such as temperature, hydroxide-ionconcentration, solid to liquid weight ratio, particle size, biomass composition (hemicellulose, lignin fraction) and mixing. This lack of detailed models of the pretreatment stages prompted the current study that describes a model which includes the variables listed above and provides an important tool for predicting the degree of lignin removal in lignocellulosic materials such as sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L). The model considers kinetic expressions available in the literature. The kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the model to experimental data obtained for that purpose in our lab. The experimental matrix considered eighteen, 24-h isothermal experiments in which bulk and residual delignification stages were observed to occur in a parallel manner. Carbohydrate removal and hydroxide consumption were related to lignin removal by effective stoichiometric coefficients that were calculated by fitting the experimental data. A mixing compartment network model that represented mixing inside the reactor was included into a temporal superstructure based on the similarity between plug flow reactors and ideal batch reactors to model a non-ideally mixed batch reactor. The kinetic model was validated with data obtained in this study.
Measurements of current-voltage characteristics of high-speed SiC and GaN power devices in nanosecond time scale

Wide gap semiconductors such as GaN and SiC have extremely large values of breakdown fields. Measurements of currentvoltage characteristics of the wide gap semiconductor devices using power electrical pulses can induce damage of the devices due to Joule heating. In our experiments the 4H-SiC sample and the GaN Gunn diode were placed in series to the transmission line, and a gauge resistor was used for the determination of incident pulse amplitude, in order to perform measurements using nanosecond pulses and, by this, to eliminate Joule heating. It is argued that the devices operating at high electric field (over 50 kV/cm) can be damaged by electrical pulses of nanosecond duration due to overheating which begins at submicron inhomogeneities during the pulse rise time. © Lithuanian Physical Society, 2009.
RSSI Algorithm Based Interference Reduction Technique for LTE Networks

Wireless communications networks require 3GPP (Long Term Evolution) technique for gaining highly efficient spectrum and data rates with flexible bandwidth and spectrum allocation. Femtocell is an approach of LTE networks for reducing indoor coverage problems. While, locating macro-cells and femto-cells may found a situation of interference. For reducing this problem, in this paper we propose a Modified Fractional Frequency Reuse (MFFR) technique with Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) algorithm. This technique would effectively mitigate the co-channel interference from both interference techniques that is of co tier and cross tier, thus get higher throughput of system. Keywords—Femtocell; Interference Mitigation; MFFR; CoChannel Interference
Course Integration as Learning Environment for Increasing Competence

Creating a realistic learning environment for Systems Analyst and Design (SAD) students is a challenge. Integrating discipline-oriented courses is one way of creating such an environment. This paper discusses a possible integration between two courses where the courses provide a basis for experiences that enrich the learning environment and give the students important competence in the IS field. The paper describes levels of integration and some consequences for students and lecturers. The discussion ends in a proposal for integration of the two courses. The integration of the courses will be on a so-called temporal coordination level where the main contributory factors are deliverables and the co-ordination of time allotted to the courses. The question of course integration is seen both from the lecturers’ perspective and the students’ perspective. The integration was tried out in the spring term 2002.
New visual coding exploration in MPEG: Super-MultiView and Free Navigation in Free viewpoint TV

ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG have recently jointly issued a new multiview video compression standard, called 3D-HEVC, which reaches unpreceded compression performances for linear,dense camera arrangements. In view of supporting future highquality,auto-stereoscopic 3D displays and Free Navigation virtual/augmented reality applications with sparse, arbitrarily arranged camera setups, innovative depth estimation and virtual view synthesis techniques with global optimizations over all camera views should be developed. Preliminary studies in response to the MPEG-FTV (Free viewpoint TV) Call for Evidence suggest these targets are within reach, with at least 6% bitrate gains over 3DHEVC technology.
2 THE CHARACTERISTIC BASED SPLIT ALGORITHM FOR SOLIDS 2 . 1 Continuous equations

The characteristic based split (CBS) stabilization procedure developed originally in fluid mechanics has been adapted successfully to solid mechanics problems. The CBS algorithm has been implemented within a finite element program using an explicit time integration scheme. Volumetric locking of linear triangular and tetrahedral elements has been successfully eliminated. The performance of the numerical algorithm is illustrated with numerical results. Comparisons with an alternative stabilization technique based on the Finite Calculus method also are given.
Portfolio Management Modified by GARCH-type Models and Moving Average Correlation In the Global Currency Market

The development of information and financial technologies offers a wide spectrum of opportunities in Internet trading and its automation in the global financial markets. An investor can use different approaches in his trading. Nowadays, there are lots of information sources about how to trade. Besides, available modern software can help in mathematical model building including econometric models providing wider their practical application. In this paper some GARCH-type models are used as a modification in risk and return evaluation in Markowitz portfolio building approach. Consequently a bibliography of research papers on GARCH-type models and other econometric ones during 30 years since they were introduced by Engle in 1982 would run to hundreds of pages, and it is hard to find the work that is most relevant to practitioners and especially in the field of speculative trading. In this paper the authors use widely known Markowitz portfolio and modify it by GARCH-type models for operating expected risks and returns in the portfolio traded in the global currency market for speculative purposes. Also moving average correlation is used in the portfolio to predict interdependences between two currency pairs. Such modifications are compared with naive portfolio diversification.
Exploring the role of self Hariz

Procrastination is widespread across the nation and setting. Its occur commonly in an academic setting which has many demands and deadline. One high association with procrastination is self self-control on student procrastination. There were 100 undergraduate students enrolled this study, from religious education faculty of a private university in Yogyakarta. Pure Procrastination Scale, Procrastination Academic Scale for Student, and Brief Self student procrastination and self negative with both of general and academic procrastination. Also, self procrastination both in an academic and general setting. As an additional, there were significantly different between the lowest and highest procrastination group based on student self big size-effect reported. For further analysis, the prevalence of six areas of academic procrastination also discuss.
AFRL-RX-WP-TP-2010-4058 PROBABILISTIC FRETTING FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF Ti-6 Al-4 V ( PREPRINT )

A probabilistic analysis of the fatigue life of specimens subject to fretting fatigue was developed. A mechanics based fretting life analysis was applied that employed the local stress gradient at the edge of contact. The random variables in the analysis included the initial crack size, coefficient of friction, crack growth rate law, and the contact pad profile. The variation in pad profiles was determined through measurement of seventy-seven machined pads. Distributions for the other random variables were obtained using previously generated test data. A probabilistic fatigue analysis was applied using Monte Carlo sampling to determine the statistics (mean and standard deviation) of the fatigue life prediction and was compared to fretting fatigue test data. Several qualitative and quantitative sensitivity methods were applied to the results including the calculation of the probabilistic sensitivities (partial derivatives of the fatigue life statistics with respect to the input probability density function parameters) via linear regression and finite difference. 1 Materials Research Engineer, 2230 Tenth St, Ste 1, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7817, USA, Phone: 937255-5438, FAX: 937-656-4840, E-mail: patrick.golden@wpafb.af. mil
Isolating Warm Glow in Charitable Auction Giving

We use a novel experimental design to isolate warm glow and measure its extent in an auction that contributes the revenues by highest bidders to a charity. A sample of consumers bid to upgrade an agricultural product from a river basin that is not in good ecological status. Charitable donations are crowed-out, one to one, by a reduction in the experimenters� contribution to the charity allowing warm glow to be isolated. Results suggest that subjects do not bid higher in the charitable auction compared to the standard auction (control) treatment therefore providing no evidence of warm glow motivations behind giving.
Engineering of New UV-Blocking Hollow Proteinoid Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution Containing All-trans Retinoic Acid for Biomedical Applications

All-trans retinoic acid (at-RA), the most active form of vitamin A, is known to be highly beneficial in dermatology. At-RA can reduce acne vulgaris symptoms and improve the skin appearance significantly. Moreover, at-RA is a useful treatment for different skin diseases and for several types of cancer. However, it is extremely sensitive when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, due to conjugated double bonds that comprise its chemical structure. In order to increase the benefits of topical use of at-RA, a new drug carrier encapsulating and protecting at-RA from light-dependent degradation, is designed and presented here. Proteinoids are biocompatible polymers made from amino acids by thermal step-growth polymerization. These polymers form hollow nanoparticles in an aqueous solution by a simple selfassembly process, during which suitable molecules may be encapsulated within the particles. Thus, newly designed UV-absorbing proteinoids were utilized to encapsulate at-RA acid. New proteinoids were synthesized by thermal stepgrowth polymerization of glutamic acid, phenyl alanine and tyrosine in absence or presence of the UV absorber paraaminobenzoic acid. The proteinoids were of relatively high molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (42-84 kDa, PDIs of 1.02-1.12). At-RA, was then successfully encapsulated (up to 20%) within the self-assembled proteinoid nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase. The proteinoid nanoparticles were able to protect the at-RA from light dependent degradation up to 94% over 24 h, while under similar conditions free at-RA degraded entirely over 3 h. The study also indicates that both the hollow and retinoic acid-filled particles are non-toxic and cellpermeable in HaCaT cells, a human epithelial cell line. The study suggests that at-RA-filled proteinoid nanoparticles protect at-RA from light-dependent degradation, offering significant advantage over free at-RA. Therefore, the optimal proteinoid particles chosen may potentially be used for acne vulgaris treatment as well as other biomedical applications requiring UV-protected retinoic acid.
Global chemical transport model study of ozone response to changes in chemical kinetics and biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to increasing temperatures: Sensitivities to isoprene nitrate chemistry and grid resolution

[1] Global modeling studies show a wide variability in the response of the O3 budget to climate change as projected by applying Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios in climate models. We employ sensitivity studies to elucidate the major uncertainties in the response of tropospheric O3 to perturbations in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emissions and reaction rate coefficients due to changes in temperature. The change in global O3 burden due to an increase in BVOC emissions associated with a +5 K depends critically on the assumed treatment for the fraction of NOx recycled (0–100%) from isoprene nitrate (+9 to +34 Tg), in contrast to the chemical reaction rate coefficients response (−8 to −9 Tg). The model O3 burden shows sensitivity (40 Tg) to the NOx recycling efficiencies (0–100%) similar to the burden's sensitivity to the grid resolution (4° × 5°–1° × 1°). The correlation of O3 with total alkyl nitrates (ΣANs) in the surface air at a California forest site shows sensitivity to the NOx recycling (40–100%) similar to the correlation's sensitivity to the horizontal resolution (4° × 5°–1° × 1°). The results of the sensitivity simulations imply that the slope of O3 to ΣANs might be used to constrain the yield of isoprene nitrate and NOx recycling fraction, but better agreement could be achieved by using a higher-resolution model with even higher NOx recycling from isoprene nitrate. Our results suggest that the reduction of NOx recycling from isoprene nitrate be set apart from that due to the effect of the grid resolution in the chemical transport model.