Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Episodic, Semantic, Pavlovian, and Procedural Cognitive Maps

Current theories of planning associate the hippocampus with a cognitive map, a theoretical construct used to predict the consequences of actions. This formulation is problematic for two reasons: First, cognitive maps are traditionally conceptualized to generalize over individual episodes, which conflicts with evidence associating the hippocampus with episodic memory, and second, it fails to explain seemingly non-hippocampal forms of planning. Here we propose a novel theoretical framework that resolves these issues: each long-term memory system is a cognitive map, predicting consequences of actions based on its unique computational properties. It follows that hippocampal maps are episode-based and that semantic, procedural, and Pavlovian memories each implement a specialized map. We present evidence for each type of map from neuropsychology, neuroimaging and animal electrophysiology studies.
Antibiogrammes et profils plasmidiques d'isolats de Pasteurella multocida de bovins dans le centre nord du Nigeria

Eighteen strains of P asteurella multocida isolated from zebu cattle at the Veterinary Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, in 2012, were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of plas- mids. Among the 18 isolates studied, 13 (72%) were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 8 (44%) to gentamicin, 8 to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, 7 (39%) to ciprofloxacin, 7 to chloramphenicol, 5 (28%) to ampicillin, 1 (5.6%) to oxacillin, and 1 to vancomycin. All the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. They all harbored a 5 kb plasmid. Three isolates of serotype E had an additional 3 kb plasmid and one had an additional 6 kb plasmid, but none carried all three plasmids.
Z2-indices and Hedetniemi's conjecture

The $\mathbb{Z}_2$-index ${\rm ind}(X)$ of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-CW-complex $X$ is the smallest number $n$ such that there is a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-map from $X$ to $S^n$. Here we consider $S^n$ as a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-space by the antipodal map. Hedetniemi's conjecture is a long standing conjecture in graph theory concerning the graph coloring problem of tensor products of finite graphs. We show that if Hedetniemi's conjecture is true, then ${\rm ind}(X \times Y) = \min \{ {\rm ind}(X) , {\rm ind}(Y)\}$ for every pair $X$ and $Y$ of finite $\mathbb{Z}_2$-complexes.
Clique pooling for graph classification

We propose a novel graph pooling operation using cliques as the unit pool. As this approach is purely topological, rather than featural, it is more readily interpretable, a better analogue to image coarsening than filtering or pruning techniques, and entirely nonparametric. The operation is implemented within graph convolution network (GCN) and GraphSAGE architectures and tested against standard graph classification benchmarks. In addition, we explore the backwards compatibility of the pooling to regular graphs, demonstrating competitive performance when replacing two-by-two pooling in standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with our mechanism.
The Effect of the Detergent Micelles Type on the Tetrapeptide NAc-SFVG-OMe Conformational Structure: NMR Studies in Solution.

Process determination of short peptides binding on the cell surface has major implications in better understanding the molecular recognition of cell surfaces. As such methods as on-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are very difficult, a large number of membrane mimetic systems such as bilayers, bicelles and detergent micelles use. Micelles are the most frequently used membrane mimetics for the structure determination of peptides and proteins by solution NMR Anionic detergents such as SDS can be more denaturating than the other types, non-ionic micelles being the mildest. Zwitterionic detergent micelles such as DPC are used to mimic eukaryote membranes while the negatively charged SDS micelles would resemble bacterial membranes. Unfortunately, no rules apply when searching for the right detergent. In present paper we studied the effect of the detergent micelles (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC)) on the tetrapeptide SFVG conformational structure. Was shown that the peptide backbone structure is the same in both types of micelles but the sidechain orientation of nonpolar aromatic (Phenylalanine), aliphatic (Glycine) and polar uncharged (Serine) groups are different
Selective media for detection and quantification of Brazilian Ralstonia solanacearum isolates in soil

Foi avaliada a eficacia de cinco meios seletivos descritos na literatura para a deteccao de Ralstonia solanacearum no solo, utilizando-se isolados provenientes de diferentes regioes do Brasil. Os meios seletivos foram avaliados quanto a sensibilidade, indice de repressao ao patogeno alvo, capacidade de supressao de microrganismos contaminantes e taxa de recuperacao da bacteria no solo. Nao foi possivel observar crescimento bacteriano nas concentracoes avaliadas para os meios FSM e SM-1. Alguns isolados cresceram no meio PCCG com adicao dos agentes microbianos, mas apenas na concentracao de 106 ufc/mL. Para os meios SM e SMSA-E, observou-se sensibilidade adequada para deteccao de R. solanacearum no solo, possibilitando detectar a bacteria em concentracoes proximas de 103 ufc/grama de solo. O meio SMSA-E (Selective Medium South Africa - Elphinstone) foi o mais eficaz em suprimir o desenvolvimento de microrganismos contaminantes, apresentando o menor indice de repressao a R. solanacearum e a maior taxa de recuperacao da bacteria no solo.
Associations between plant density and yield components using different sowing times in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The yield potential of wheat depends not only on genetic × environmental interactions, but also on various agronomic factors such as sowing date or the seed rate used for sowing. The main aim of this work was to determine possible correlations between the effects of different sowing dates and plant densities on the yield components of a collection of 48 wheat genotypes. Two-way analysis of variance on the data revealed that both sowing date and plant density, as main components, only had a minor effect on the yield component patterns. Correlation analysis, however, indicated that the sowing date had a greater effect on the yield components, while plant density was in closer correlation with the heading time (r = 0.90). The patterns determined for individual yield components at two different sowing dates and plant densities showed significant differences for spike length, spike fertility, grain number in the main spike, number of productive tillers, grain number on side tillers, mean grain number and grain weight. Genotypes that carry the winter (recessive) alleles of genes regulating vernalisation processes (VRN-A1, VRN-B1, VRN-D1) and the sensitive (recessive) alleles of the two genes responsible for photoperiod sensitivity (PPD-B1, PPD-D1) may have better tillering and consequently higher grain yield, though this may depend greatly on the year.
European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014 , EGU 2014 Methodological issues of elaborating and implementing remote environmental monitoring of oil and gas exploration applying satellite images : the Priobskoye oil field ( Yugra , Russia )

At the moment the Earth monitoring from the space is one of the most effective leverage for ecological control of oil and gas exploration in Russia. However there are no common methodological approaches to monitor the Earth using high and very high resolution satellite imagery. The article highlights methodological aspects applying high resolution satellite data for environmental monitoring of oil fields within the Priobskoye oil field. The article also identifies basic approaches to image selection and processing. You will find the results of experimental observations during 2009-2010 monitoring period and some recommendations for practical application of the developed universal technique. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Harnessing Protease Activity to Improve Cancer Care

Proteolysis plays critical roles in normal and pathologic physiology; these enzymes are intricately involved in cancer progression and spread. Our understanding of protease function has advanced from nonspecific degrading enzymes to a modern appreciation of their diverse roles in posttranslational modification and signaling in a complex microenvironment. This new understanding has led to next-generation diagnostics and therapeutics that exploit protease activity in cancer. For diagnostics, protease activity may be measured as a biomarker of cancer, with wide-ranging utility from early detection to monitoring therapeutic response. Therapeutically, while broad inhibition of protease activity proved disappointing, new approaches that more specifically modulate proteases in concert with secondary targets might enable potent combination therapies. In addition, clinical evaluation is underway for tools that leverage protease activity to activate therapeutics, ranging from imaging agents that monitor surgical ma.
Cholelithiasis May Also Be a Consequence of Metabolic Syndrome

Background: We tried to understand whether or not there is a significant relationship between cholelithiasis and parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: The study was performed in Internal Medicine Polyclinics on routine check up patients. All cases with cholelithiasis or already performed cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were put into the first group and age and sex-matched control cases were put into the second group. Results: One hundred and fourty-four cases either with cholelithiasis or already performed cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were detected among 3.437 cases, totally (4.1%). One hundred and sixteen (80.1%) of them were female with a mean age of 53.6 years. Obesity was significantly higher (54.8% versus 43.7%, p<0.01) and normal weight was significantly lower (7.6% versus 18.0%, p<0.01) in the cholelithiasis group, and the mean body mass indexes (BMI) were 31.0 versus 28.9 kg/m2 in them, respectively (p<0.01). Probably parallel to the higher mean BMI, prevalences of hypertension (26.3% versus 13.1%, p<0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (25.0% versus 18.0%, p<0.05) were also higher in the cholelithiasis group, significantly. On the other hand, hyperbetalipoproteinemia was significantly lower in the cholelithiasis group with unknown reasons (9.7% versus 18.0%, p<0.05). Conclusions: Cholelithiasis is a common pathology in society and nearly four-fold more frequent in women, particularly in their fifties. There are significant relationships between cholelithiasis and parameters of the metabolic syndrome including female predominance, elder age, BMI, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. On the other hand, the significantly lower prevalence of hyperbetalipoproteinemia in the cholelithiasis patients should be researched with further studies.
Parâmetros ruminais e balanço de nitrogênio em bovinos alimentados com silagem da raiz de mandioca

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusao da silagem da raiz de mandioca sobre os parâmetros ruminais e o balanco de compostos nitrogenados em bovinos de origem leiteira. Utilizou-se cinco animais, canulados no rumen, nao lactantes e com peso corporal medio de 389 kg. Os animais foram distribuidos em um quadrado latino cinco x cinco, sendo cinco dietas com niveis de inclusao (0,00; 3,62; 7,23; 10,84; e 14,54% da materia seca da dieta) da silagem da raiz de mandioca e cinco periodos. Cada periodo constituiu-se em 10 dias de adaptacao e cinco dias para a coleta dos dados. As excrecoes de nitrogenio na urina e nas fezes nao foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pela inclusao da silagem da raiz de mandioca nas dietas. O consumo de nitrogenio total (CNT) e o balanco de nitrogenio (BN) apresentaram comportamento quadratico e linear crescente, respectivamente. Obteve-se o menor CNT (142,14 g/dia) no nivel de inclusao de 5,82% de silagem da raiz de mandioca. As concentracoes de ureia (U) e de nitrogenio ureico (NU) na urina e no plasma nao modificaram (P>0,05). Observou-se comportamento quadratico (P 0,05) entre os niveis da silagem da raiz de mandioca e o tempo de coleta do conteudo ruminal para os acidos graxos de cadeia curta, o pH e o nitrogenio amoniacal (N-NH3). Apenas o teor de N-NH3 apresentou comportamento quadratico, em funcao dos niveis de inclusao, obtendo-se o ponto minimo (12,62 mg/100 mL de conteudo ruminal) no nivel de 5,98%. O nivel de 7,23% de silagem da raiz de mandioca na dieta foi mais eficiente na utilizacao dos compostos nitrogenados. As dietas contribuem de forma semelhante para a producao dos acidos graxos de cadeia curta, sem interferir no pH ruminal.
Incidence and distribution of leek yellow stripe virus in allium crops in Serbia

SUMMARY Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) is one of the most frequent and important viruses in leek and garlic crops worldwide. In Serbia this virus is found both in leek and garlic, and often at high percentages. During two consecutive years, 2012 and 2013, a total 92 samples were collected from 11 inspected leek-, garlic- and onion-growing locations and they were analyzed for the presence of LYSV using DAS-ELISA. LYSV was detected in 31.5% of the tested samples. In 2012, the presence of LYSV was only detected in leek plants, and in 55.6% of the tested samples. During 2013, LYSV was detected in 85% of leek and 58.3% of garlic samples. In total, LYSV was detected in 56.4% of leek samples and 17.1% garlic samples. LYSV incidence was confirmed using RT-PCR with LYSV specific primers amplifying 1020 bp fragment representing coat protein and part of nuclear inclusion B genes. Molecular identification was confirmed by sequencing of two selected isolates, 181-13 (MG242625) from garlic and 298-13 (MG242624) from leek, and comparing them to the GenBank sequences of LYSV. Phylogenetic analysis of 55 sequences of LYSV from all over the world showed some correlation between host plant and geographical origin of the isolates, forming five separate clades. Two Serbian LYSV isolates fell into distant clades. The Serbian leek isolate 298-13 of LYSV belongs to clade B, while isolate 181-13 originating from garlic belongs in clade E.
Streptocarpus redefined to include all Afro‐Malagasy Gesneriaceae: Molecular phylogenies prove congruent with geographical distribution and basic chromosome numbers and uncover remarkable morphological homoplasies

The taxonomy of the African, Madagascan and Comoro Island (Afro-Malagasy) Gesneriaceae attracts a large amount of interest given the horticultural importance of Cape Primroses (Streptocarpus) and African Violets (Saintpaulia). Earlier studies indicated that the Afro-Malagasy genera form a strongly supported clade, and recent classifications have included some of the genera within an expanded Streptocarpus. Given the global importance of this group, we carried out a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of all Afro-Malagasy genera in subfamily Didymocarpoideae, tribe Trichosporeae, subtribe Streptocarpinae, to investigate species relationships in these genera as the basis for a new classification. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS, 5S NTS) and chloroplast intron and spacer regions (rpl20-rps12 spacer, trnL intron, trnLF spacer) of 226 samples were performed, including all Streptocarpinae genera, except the monotypic Nodonema. The molecular phylogenies demonstrate that the genera with non-twisted fruits are nested within Streptocarpus which has twisted fruits. Two main clades were found, one comprising herbaceous caulescent Streptocarpus that also included Saintpaulia, the caulescents Hovanella and Schizoboea, and the unifoliates Acanthonema and Trachystigma. The second clade comprises the woody caulescents and acaulescent Streptocarpus, Colpogyne and Linnaeopsis. Altogether, twelve well-supported subclades can be recognized, each with a combination of distinct morphological characteristics. A new classification of tribe Streptocarpinae, de facto Streptocarpus, is presented, retaining the two subgenera, Streptocarpus and Streptocarpella, and dividing them into five and seven sections respectively. Nodonema is attributed to subg. Streptocarpus for morphological reasons. The former genus Saintpaulia is classified as Streptocarpus subg. Streptocarpella sect. Saintpaulia with ten species recognized.
Quantification of Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Neuronal Oscillations: Comparison of Phase-Locking Value, Mean Vector Length, and Modulation Index

Phase-amplitude coupling is a promising construct to study cognitive processes in electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetencephalography (MEG). Due to the novelty of the concept, various measures are used in the literature to calculate phase-amplitude coupling. Here, performance of the three most widely used phase-amplitude coupling measures – phase-locking value (PLV), mean vector length (MVL), and modulation index (MI) – is thoroughly compared with the help of simulated data. We combine advantages of previous reviews and use a realistic data simulation, examine moderators and provide inferential statistics for the comparison of all three indices of phase-amplitude coupling. Our analyses show that all three indices successfully differentiate coupling strength and coupling width when monophasic coupling is present. While the mean vector length was most sensitive to modulations in coupling strengths and width, biphasic coupling can solely be detected by the modulation index. Coupling values of all three indices were influenced by moderators including data length, signal-to-noise-ratio, and sampling rate when approaching Nyquist frequencies. The modulation index was most robust against confounding influences of these moderators. Based on our analyses, we recommend the modulation index for noisy and short data epochs with unknown forms of coupling. For high quality and long data epochs with monophasic coupling and a high signal-to-noise ratio, the use of the mean vector length is recommended. Ideally, both indices are reported simultaneously for one data set. Highlights mean vector length is most sensitive for differentiating coupling strength modulation index is most robust to differences in data length, sampling rate and SNR phase-locking value and mean vector length cannot detect biphasic phase-amplitude coupling
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Rice Genotypes for Submergence Tolerance in Rainfed Lowlands

Rice is regarded as the life for most of the people residing in Asia as more than 90 per cent of the rice is being produced and consumed in Asia. The alarming threat for rice production in the recent years is ever increasing population and the climatic changes caused by global warming which has led to drastic raise in temperature, melting of polar ice caps, floods, drought and salinity intrusion. The rainfed lowland rice ecosystem is one such largest rice producing environment in Asia which is unfavorably affected by flooding due to complete submergence every year. Rice production in these areas is primarily dependent on rainfall and runoff which usually experience erratic floods caused by heavy rainfall and overflow of nearby rivers and canals. Over 13 million hectares of rice area in India, 3 million hectares in Bangladesh, 5 million hectares in Indonesia and 1 million hectare in Thailand are affected annually by monsoon floods causing substantial crop losses and submergence is identified as the third most important of 42 biotic and abiotic stresses (Vergara et al., 2014). The future food supply International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 2149-2154 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Stomach-brain synchrony binds neural representations of the body in a novel, delayed-connectivity resting-state network

Resting-state networks offer a unique window into the brain’s functional architecture, but their characterization remains limited to instantaneous connectivity thus far. Here, we describe a novel resting-state network based on the delayed connectivity between the brain and the slow electrical rhythm (0.05 Hz) generated in the stomach. The gastric network cuts across classical resting-state networks with little overlap with autonomic regulation areas. This network is composed of regions with convergent functional properties involved in mapping bodily space through touch, action or vision, as well as mapping external space in bodily coordinates. The network is characterized by a precise temporal sequence of activations within a gastric cycle, beginning with somato-motor cortices and ending with the extrastriate body area and dorsal precuneus. Our results demonstrate that canonical resting-state networks based on instantaneous connectivity represent only one of the possible partitions of the brain into coherent networks based on temporal dynamics.
Chemical Composition and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Different Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Lines Straw

This study aimed to identfy chemical composition, ruminal degradation characeristics and metabolizable energy (ME) content of five different chickpea line and a check cultivar’s straw using nylon bag technique. Feed samples were incubated as three replicates of each fistulated Holstein heifer for 0, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. Degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in rumen were determined by using this mathematical expression D=a+b(1-e-ct). Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash contents of straw were ranged from 5.61 to 7.42%, 51.33 to 56.0%, 63.67 to 67.0%, and 8.0 to 9.0% respectively. Besides Rapidly soluble fraction (a), potantial degradability (a+b) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM ) were ranged from 17.86 to 21.41, 54.40 to 59.43, 49.65 to 54.91% respectively. Estimated ME of chickpea entries straw were ranged from 5.96 to 7.37 MJ/kg. Metabolizable energy content of control chickpea cultivar was significantly higher than the other chickpea straw of lines. The research values of ME revealed that significant differences were determined among the lines in terms of energy content. In addition to, a strong relationship between straw NDF level and ME content were determined.
Plantas medicinales con propiedades frías y calientes en la cultura Zoque de Ayapa, Tabasco, México

El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar un registro de plantas medicinales presentes en los solares-huertos familiares de la localidad zoque de Ayapa, Tabasco, Mexico, considerando las cualidades frias y calientes asignadas a las plantas por los habitantes de la comunidad y utilizadas en el tratamiento de enfermedades. A partir de las investigaciones etnobotanicas realizadas mediante 24 entrevistas e informacion de 5 informantes clave se identificaron 140 especies de uso medicinal correspondientes a 65 familias botanicas diferentes, de las cuales 25 especies medicinales son consideradas de caracter caliente, 98 de caracter frio y 17 especies presentan caracteristicas tanto frias como calientes. Las plantas medicinales presentes en la zona son utilizadas en el tratamiento de 70 padecimientos. 103 plantas son especies de origen americano y 37 introducidas. Este trabajo representa una primera aproximacion al uso de la flora medicinal zoque de Tabasco siendo el primer reporte sobre plantas medicinales en la localidad, lo cual contribuira a preservar su uso en la region