Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and selectionon drought-resistance of germplasm resources of Avena species with different types of ploidy

Drought is one of the most limiting factors in oat production worldwide.It is important to utilize the genetic resources of wild oat and its relatives for the improvement of drought resistance of cultivated oat.This study characterized and evaluated the drought-resistant traits of a selected set of germplasm accessions representing various Avena species with different types of ploidy,and selected the wild germplasm of oat species for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in oat.A pot experiment was used to subject 106 oat accessions,13 diploid species,7 tetraploid species and 5 hexaploid species of genus Avena,to water stresses to determine the drought-resistance based on relative electric conductivity,soluble carbohydrate content and malondialdehyde(MDA) content,etc.The correlation coefficients between different drought resistance characters and their contribution to drought resistance were analyzed using principal component analysis,and then comprehensive evaluation was conducted to reveal the potential and utilization value of the oat wild species for drought resistance improvement.At the first rewatering stage after 10 d drought stress,only 4 of the 106 accessions were entirely withered,and about 70% of those accessions could be recovered in various degrees after the three times of drought stress and rewatering treatments.The results indicated that there was an increase in the relative electric conductivity,MDA content and soluble carbohydrate content measured at different stages of drought stress.The survival rates and growth indicators of the accessions were significantly correlated with the extent of the increase in soluble carbohydrate content under drought stress,while MDA content and relative electric conductivity were closely related to their drought-resistant ability.Integrated evaluation of morphological and physiological characters under drought stress revealed that some accessions of diploid Avena species,A.atlantica,A.wiestii and A.strigosa,tetraploid species A.murphyi,cultivated and wild hexaploid species A.sativa and A.fatua can be excellent germplasm resources for drought resistance improvement in oat.The drought-resistance of A.wiestii,A.strigosa and A.murphyi could be utilized by distant hybridization with cultivated oat due to their close relationship,while that of A.atlantica,which had not been used as a donor of cultivated oat,could be transferred by cloning the drought-resistant gene and transferring it to cultivated oat.The drought-resistance of Avena species is not simply decided by genes or environment,since there was no relationship between drought resistance and species or the origin of the lines.Therefore,overall evaluation should be carried out to select the drought-resistant accessions,and to use these accessions in the genetic improvement of oat for drought resistance.
Preface

This book originates from the work that we have done, at different times and in different capacities, in the area of statistical modelling for health economic evaluation. In our view, this is a very interesting and exciting area for statisticians: despite the strong connotation derived by its name, health economic evaluation is just as much (if not more! ) about statistics than it is about healthcare or economics. Statistical modelling is a fundamental part of any such evaluation and as models and the data that are used to populate them become bigger, more complex and representative of a complicated underlying reality, so do the skills required by a modeller. Broadly speaking, the objective of publicly funded healthcare systems (such as the UK’s) is to maximise health gains across the general population, given finite monetary resources and a limited budget. Bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provide guidance on decision-making on the basis of health economic evaluation. This covers a suite of analytical approaches (usually termed “cost-effectiveness analysis”) for combining costs and consequences of intervention(s) compared to a control, the purpose of which is to aid decision-making associated with resource allocation. To this aim, much of the recent research has been oriented towards building the health economic evaluation on sound and advanced statistical decision-theoretic foundations. Historically, cost-effectiveness analysis has been based on modelling often performed in specialised commercial packages (such as TreeAge) or even more frequently spreadsheet calculators (almost invariably MicrosoftExcel). The “party-line” for why this is the case is that these are “easy to use, familiar, readily available and easy to share with stakeholders and clients”. Possibly, in addition to these, another crucial factor for the wide popularity of these tools is the fact that often modellers are not statisticians by training (and thus less familiar with general-purpose statistical packages such as SAS, Stata or R). Even more interestingly, it is often the case that cost-effectiveness models are based on existing templates (usually developed as Excel spreadsheets, for example for a specific country or drug) and then “adapted” to the situation at hand.
Surface-dependent Conformations of Human Fibrinogen Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy under Aqueous Conditions

Summary Conformational differences in human fibrinogen under aqueous conditions on hydrophobic, positively charged and negatively charged surfaces, were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hydrophobic and positively charged surfaces were prepared by depositing octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) respectively on cleaned glass coverslips forming self-assembled monolayers. The negatively charged surface was prepared by freshly cleaving muscovite mica. AFM operated in fluid tapping mode with an ultrasharp carbon spike probe was used to obtain the molecular scale images. Fibrinogen displayed a characteristic trinodular structure on all three surfaces, although additional U-shaped conformations were observed on mica. In its native hydrated state, fibrinogen is well represented by three connected ellipsoids in close proximity. Quantitative dimensional analysis, which yielded structural information in three dimensions, indicates that surface-dependent structural deformation or spreading of fibrinogen increases according to the order: mica < APTES < OTS. Molecular length, and D and E domain widths of fibrinogen are increased, while the corresponding heights are decreased. The results provide direct evidence that material surface properties affect the conformational state of interacting fibrinogen.
The Effect of Metaphor on Processing Style in a Persuasion Task: A Motivational Resonance Model

Previous research on metaphor and persuasion has suggested that metaphorical language elicits an assimilation effect wherein positive metaphors elicit positive attitudes toward the communication topic and negative metaphors elicit negative evaluations. The authors of this article propose that metaphorical content can increase or decrease motivation to systematicall y scrutinize a persuasive communication depending on the extent to which it "resonates" with the listener's preferences and interests. Consistent with this model, 2 experiments demonstrate that a sports metaphor increases message-relevant elaboration and sensitivity to argument strength among individuals who enjoy sports. Conversely, the sports metaphor reduces message-relevant elaboration and sensitivity to argument strength among individuals who dislike sports. Findings are discussed in the context of related research that suggests metaphor can serve alternative functions in a persuasive communication task.
A 3D-model inversion of methyl chloroform to constrain the atmospheric oxidative capacity

Abstract. Variations in the atmospheric oxidative capacity, largely determined by variations in the hydroxyl radical (OH), form a key uncertainty in many greenhouse and other pollutant budgets, such as that of methane (CH4). Methyl chloroform (MCF) is an often-adopted tracer to indirectly put observational constraints on variations in OH. We investigated the budget of MCF in a 4DVAR inversion using the atmospheric transport model TM5, for the period 1998–2018, with the objective to derive information on interannual variations in OH and in its spatial distribution. We derived interannual variations in the global oxidation of MCF that bring simulated mole fractions of MCF within 1–2 % of the assimilated observations from the NOAA-GMD surface network at most sites. Additionally, the posterior simulations better reproduce aircraft observations used for independent validation. The derived OH variations showed robustness with respect to the prior MCF emissions and the prior OH distribution. The interannual variations were typically small ( The inverse system found strong adjustments of the latitudinal distribution of OH, with systematic increases in tropical OH and decreases in extra-tropical OH (both up to 30 %). These spatial adjustments were driven by intrahemispheric biases in simulated MCF mole fractions, which have not been identified in previous studies. Given the unexpectedly large amplitude of these adjustments and a residual bias in intrahemispheric gradients, we suggest a reversal in the extratropical ocean sink of MCF in response to declining atmospheric MCF abundance (as hypothesized in Wennberg et al., 2004). This reversal provides a more realistic explanation for the biases, possibly complimentary to adjustments in the OH distribution. While we identified significant added value in the use of a 3D transport model over simpler box models, we also found a trade-off in computational expense and convergence problems. However, although the signals are small compared to assuming interannually repeating OH, the derived variations better match the global MCF observations and are relevant for studying the budget of e.g. CH4.
Chinese expert consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of advanced breast cancer (2018)

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women in the world. In 2005, there were approximately 272,000 new cases diagnosed and more than 70,000 deaths from breast cancer in China. Of the patients who are newly diagnosed with breast cancer each year, approximately 3% to 10% have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Of those who have early stage disease at diagnosis, from 30% to 40% will develop advanced breast cancer. The 5‐year survival rate for patients with advanced breast cancer is only 20%, and the median overall survival (OS) is 2 to 3 years. Although advanced breast cancer is still difficult to cure, physicians can relieve clinical symptoms, improve quality of life, and further prolong survival through the development of new drugs and the optimization model of treatment. Patients with advanced breast cancer have their own preferences in the choice of treatment options. Moreover, there is no standard recommendation for the treatment of refractory breast cancer after multiline therapy. To offer a reference for clinicians, a Chinese expert group has analyzed, summarized, and discussed related research data on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of inoperable, locally advanced breast cancer and recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and has developed the Chinese expert consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of advanced breast carcinoma (2018).
A SEMANTIC HEAD‐DRIVEN GENERATION SYSTEM FOR FEATURE STRUCTURE TREE‐ADJOINING GRAMMARS

This paper describes a natural language generation system developed for a spoken language translation system. Our system employs Feature‐structure‐based Tree Adjoining Grammar (FTAG) for generation knowledge representation. Each elementary tree of our grammar is paired with a semantic feature structure which is consistent with semantics defined in Head‐driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Feature structures attached to nodes of elementary trees are unrestricted. Thus our formalism allows HPSG style phrase structure description as well as TAG style description. The advantage of our generation knowledge representation is the ability of incorporating HPSG style “core” grammar and TAG style case‐based grammar.
Natural ITD statistics predict human auditory spatial perception

A neural code adapted to the statistical structure of sensory cues may optimize perception. We investigated whether interaural time difference (ITD) statistics inherent in natural acoustic scenes are parameters determining spatial discriminability. The natural ITD rate of change across azimuth (ITDrc) and ITD variability over time (ITDv) were combined in a Fisher information statistic for assessing the amount of azimuthal information conveyed by this sensory cue. We hypothesized that natural ITD statistics drive the neural code for ITD and thus influence spatial perception. Human spatial discriminability and spatial novelty detection of sounds with invariant statistics correlated with natural ITD statistics. The lack of natural statistics in the stimuli suggests that this correlation results from natural statistics driving the neural code. Additionally, the density distribution of ITD tuning matching natural statistics is consistent with classic models of ITD coding and can explain the ITD tuning distribution observed in the mammalian brainstem. Impact statement Human brain has incorporated natural statistics of spatial cues to the neural code supporting perception of sound location. Major subject area Neuroscience; Research organism Human;
Vertical stratification of xylobiontic beetles in floodplain forests of the Donau-Auen National Park and potential effects of box elder control measures

Xylobiontic beetles represent a substantial fraction of the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and are useful bioindicators for evaluating effects of forest management measures. This study conducted in the Donau-Auen National Park (Lower Austria) sampled xylobiontic beetles in one of the largest remaining floodplain forests in Central Europe. Besides using a standardized method of inventorying the fauna of xylobiontic beetles in two forest strata (understory and canopy layer), we studied how the community of dead wood feeding beetles responds to an abrupt increase of dead wood volume due to measures to control the neophytic Box Elder Acer negundo. Therefore, flight interception traps were installed at twelve sites where measures to control the neophytic box elder had previously been taken, as well as at twelve reference sites without removal of box elder trees. At each site one trap was placed in the understorey and one in the canopy. So far, approximately 1/3 of the sampled beetle are sorted and identified to species level. In total 242 species of xylobiontic beetles (of 42 families) were recorded. Species composition of xylobiontic beetles differed significantly between vegetation strata. However, our data does not indicate any effect of box elder control measures on species richness and species composition. Three different factors may account for this observation. (1) The time lag was too short for xylobiontic beetles, even for species feeding on fresh dead wood, to respond to the increased availability of dead wood. (2) Dead wood of the neophytic Box Elder represents a resource of low quality for a large fraction of the native xylobiontic beetles. (3) The sample size was too small to detect effects of box elder removal.
Systematic study on dimensionality reduction in the gesture phase segmentation problem

In this paper, we present the results obtained in a systematic study related to dimensionality reduction on gesture windowed data. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects that such reduction causes on the performance of classification models used to implement the gesture phase segmentation task. Piecewise Aggregate Approximation was used to implement the dimensionality reduction and k-Nearest Neighbors was used to implement the classification models. The results showed that the dimensionality reduction can improve the classification models’ performance both by decreasing the complexity of their decision space and by improving the quality of the data.
Synthesis of Near-Regular Vector Texture Patterns

요약 컴퓨터에서 사용되는 2D 이미지는 크게 비트맵과 벡터의 두 가지 표현 방식이 존재한다. 일반적으로 사용되는 이미지와 텍스처는 대부분 비트맵을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 이에 따라 많은 텍스처 합성에 관한 연구 또한 비트맵 기반으로만 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 일부 분야들에서는 몇 가지 단점에도 불구하고 벡터 형식의 이미지를 선호하고 있으며, 비트맵이 가지지 못한 장점들과 현재의 충분한 컴퓨터 연산 능력을 고려해 볼 때 벡터 이미지의 필요성과 활용분야는 앞으로도 늘어날 것이라 생각된다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 벡터 형식으로 주어진 텍스처 패턴을 분석, 합성하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 입력 받는 벡터 이미지는 몇 가지의 속성을 지닌 스트로크(Stroke)들의 집합으로서, 각각의 스트로크는 비트맵에서의 픽셀과 같이 기본적인 분석과 합성의 단위가 된다.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM System Using Clipping and Filtering Methods Based on CCDF

—Wireless communication systems are becoming so promising day-by-day due to the mobility and the dynamicity of communication pattern. But, to fulfill the wide range of user’s demand it has become much important to use some techniques which would be most efficient in terms of bandwidth and speed. The multicarrier strategy, called as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has outstanding features to fulfill these demands. Multipath fading, delay spread, frequency selective fading and inter channel interference all of these limitations of wireless communication compound it with the scarcity of bandwidth gave rise to OFDM. However, the high peak-to-average power ratio is a great problem or a barrier in OFDM which causes the signal being distorted with the insufficient power at the receiver. There are some specified techniques to minimize it. In this paper, we have used clipping and filtering methods to minimize the effect of peak-to-average power ratio.
Deep Learning Based Classification of 2D and 3D Images For Facial Expression Recognition: Comparison Study

Facial expressions are an important communication channel among human beings. The Classification of facial expressions is a research area which has been proposed in several fields in recent years, it provides insight into how human can express their emotions which can be used to inform and identify a person's emotional state. In this paper, we provide the basic outlines of both two dimensional and three-dimensional facial expression classification with a number of concepts in detail and the extent of their influence on the classification process. We also compare the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) proposed models to analyse the 2D and 3D classification using comprehensive algorithms based on convolution neural network, the model was trained using a commonly used dataset named Bosphorus. Using the same experimental setup, we discussed the results obtained in terms of accuracy and set a new challenge in the classification of facial expression.
The distribution of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in Qingdao Han population

Objective To investigate the distribution of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR) genes in Qingdao Han population and its difference from other populations.Methods The KIR genotypes of 81 cascs were examined by PCR-SSP,and the gene frequencies were calculated and compared to those of other populations.Result Fourteen KIR genes and 2 pseudo genes were found and all had different gene frequencies.Conclusion All inhibit-gene frequencies are higher than their active-gene frequencies.KIR gene frequencies are different between the southern and northern Chinese Han people.Many of them increase gradually from the south to the north.The KIR gene distributions of Korean and Japanese populations are close to the Northern Chinese Han population.
UNIFYING OLD AND NEW WAYS TO INCREASE ORDER OF CONVERGENCE OF FIXED POINT AND NEWTON’S METHODS

Halley, Euler, Chebyshev are examples of mathematicians that have presented procedures for increasing the order of convergence of Newton’s method. Through Taylor’s expansions and a thorough analysis of the necessary and sufficient conditions that will entail for fixed point and Newton’s iterative methods to be of higher order convergence, we are able to present a unified way which include old and new processes to make these methods faster.
Studying Diel Light Effects on the Air–Sea Interface - The MILAN Campaign

<p>The sea-surface microlayer (SML) is located at the air-sea interface and experiences instantaneous meteorological forcing by e.g. solar radiation, wind, and precipitation. Although solar radiation and wind-driven turbulence are known drivers of SML biogeochemical and physical properties, surprisingly little is known about the SML response to solar radiation. The latter is, however, important given that the SML is involved in all air&#8211;sea exchanges of mass and energy, especially in relation to how it regulates the air&#8211;sea exchange of climate-relevant gases and aerosols. </p><p>The international and multidisciplinary campaign MILAN (Sea Surface Microlayer at Night) was designed to characterize the SML during full diel cycles. MILAN addressed the scientific fields of marine (micro)biology, biogeochemistry, marine chemistry, atmospheric chemistry and physics, and physical oceanography using diverse approaches in the field and in the laboratory to study the diel properties of the SML and their effects on the air&#8211;sea exchange of climate-relevant gases and aerosols. </p><p>In spring 2017, the radio-controlled catamaran Sea Surface Scanner (S<sup>3</sup>) and research vessels followed a passively drifting CO2 buoy during diel cycles in the coastal North Sea. Meteorological conditions and water currents were recorded continuously, supported by observations from land-based weather stations. Water column physical properties were profiled every hour. S<sup>3</sup> continuously measured physicochemical properties of the SML and from 1 m water depth, and collected large-volume water samples for subsequent analyses in the laboratory, for laboratory experiments using a gas-exchange tank, a solar simulator, and a sea spray simulation chamber, and for microsensor experiments. A land-based aerosol sampler collected aerosol samples continuously throughout the campaign. </p><p>This presentation will highlight initial results of the MILAN campaign, which point to a radiation dependence of several SML processes, such as increasing lipid degradation in the SML during the night, or the dose-dependent enrichment of specific phytoplankton groups in the SML. Other, seemingly contradictors results will be discussed, such as the finding of highest surfactant concentrations in the field during night, while experiments with the solar simulator clearly implied daytime surfactant production. The diel dynamics of SML organisms and organic material will be put into the context of air&#8211;sea exchange processes, as one important finding shows different day and night CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes under low wind speed conditions (<2.5 m s<sup>&#8211;1</sup>). Taken together, MILAN underlines the value and the need of multidisciplinary campaigns for integrating SML complexity into the context of air&#8211;sea processes that have important implications for biogeochemical cycles and climate regulation. </p>
COEXISTENCE SIMULATION OF DVB-T/T2 AND LTE800 IN SEAMCAT

The development of modern, effective and intelligent wireless communication systems, which enable to provide multimedia services in high quality takes place more faster than in years before. The small frequency bandwidth gap of the 4G systems represented by Long Term Evolution (LTE) and digital broadcast system Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial and the second generation denoted as T2 (DVB-T/T2) is responsible for the presence of different interference scenarios. This paper highlights the analytical background of both systems and the issue of coexistence. Moreover, computer simulations are used to evaluate the deployment of ﬁlters on the digital television receiver side as well as spectral emission mask on LTE base station in order to mitigate interference.