Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kuranishi homology and Kuranishi cohomology

A Kuranishi space is a topological space with a Kuranishi structure, defined by Fukaya and Ono. Kuranishi structures occur naturally on moduli spaces of J-holomorphic curves in symplectic geometry. Let Y be an orbifold and R a commutative ring or Q-algebra. We define two kinds of Kuranishi homology KH_*(Y;R). The chain complex KC_*(Y;R) defining KH_*(Y;R) is spanned over R by [X,f,G], for X a compact oriented Kuranishi space with corners, f : X --> Y smooth, and G "gauge-fixing data" which makes Aut(X,f,G) finite. Our main result is that these are isomorphic to singular homology. We define Poincare dual Kuranishi cohomology, isomorphic to compactly-supported cohomology. We define five kinds of Kuranishi (co)bordism spanned by isomorphism classes[X,f] for X a compact oriented Kuranishi space without boundary and f : X --> Y smooth. They are new topological invariants, and we show they are very large. These theories are powerful new tools in symplectic geometry. Defining virtual cycles and chains for moduli spaces of J-holomorphic curves is trivial in Kuranishi (co)homology. There is no need to perturb moduli spaces, and no problems with transversality. This gives major simplifications in Lagrangian Floer cohomology. We define new Gromov-Witten type invariants in Kuranishi bordism, over Z not Q. We sketch how these may be used to prove the integrality conjecture for Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. This paper is surveyed in arXiv:0710.5634.
PURIFICATION AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTR.Y OF A DITHIZONE-SENSITIVE 40 KDa ZINC-BINDING PROTEIN IN RAT SMALL INTESTINE

Paneth cells are morphologically well characterized cells localized in intestinal crypts in many species (9, 11, 15). Their physiological function has remained obscure. The cytoplasmic granules of Paneth cells contain plenty of zinc. Stample et al. (16) demonstrated that an intravenous injection of a zinc-chelating agent dithizone into rats caused rapid formation of insoluble zinc-dithizonate complexes and deposition of amorphous purple red granules selectively in Paneth cells. Many other studies also indicate high content of zinc in Paneth cell granules (1-3, 7, 8). In the previous paper (14), we reported that a single injection of dithizone to rats induces a sequence of events; degeneration of Paneth cells within minutes, their disappearance after 6 hr and subsequent regeneration after 72 hr. Furthermore, several ZBP of intestinal mucosa are lost in dithizone-treated rats, when compared with those of control rats, of which, deletion of 90 and 40 KDa proteins are most notable (13). The former, 90 KDa ZBP (ZBPP-1) is isolated from rat intestinal mucosal homogenates. The polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to ZBPP-1 stain cytoplasmic granules of Paneth cell in immunohistochemistry (12, 13). These antibodies also stain mononuclear cells in lamina propria. In this work, we purified a Paneth cell specific 40 KDa ZBP (ZBPP-2) and produced 4 mAbs to ZBPP-2. These mAbs stained Paneth cells but not mononuclear cells in lamina propria. No immunological cross reaction was observed between ZBPP-1 and ZBPP-2. These observations indicate that both anti-ZBPP-1 and ZBPP-2 mAbs are useful markers for rat Paneth cells.
Anisotropic Diffusion of Subdivision Surfaces and Functions on Surfaces

In this paper we treat discrete data (2-manifold) in IR 3 and function data defined on the surface. A surface and a k-3 dimensional function vector data on the surface can be considered as a discretization of a 2-manifold embedded in IRk. We establish a unified anisotropic diffusion model for such manifolds aiming at smoothing (fairing) out noise both in the 2-manifold in IR3 and the 2-manifold in IRk, while enhancing curve features on both 2-manifolds. We combine the C1 limit function representation of Loop''s subdivision for triangular surface meshes and vector functions on the surface mesh with anisotropic diffusion in a parameterized time setting, to arrive at a sparse linear system of equations. Iteratively, solving the sparse linear system, yields a sequence of faired (smoothed) meshes as well as faired function with specified feature curves, enhanced.
Numerical comparisons between Gauss-Legendre methods and Hamiltonian BVMs defined over Gauss points

Hamiltonian Boundary Value Methods are a new class of energy preserving one step methods for the solution of polynomial Hamiltonian dynamical systems. They can be thought of as a generalization of collocation methods in that they may be defined by imposing a suitable set of extended collocation conditions. In particular, in the way they are described in this note, they are related to Gauss collocation methods with the difference that they are able to precisely conserve the Hamiltonian function in the case where this is a polynomial of any high degree in the momenta and in the generalized coordinates. A description of these new formulas is followed by a few test problems showing how, in many relevant situations, the precise conservation of the Hamiltonian is crucial to simulate on a computer the correct behavior of the theoretical solutions.
Reproductive traits in different Nile tilapia genetic groups

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive traits of the non-inbred and inbred AquaAmérica, GIFT and AquaAmérica × GIFTgenetic groups. Six fish from each genetic group were used (2 females:1 male). Females were examined for the presence of eggs in their mouth at every four days, for 12 weeks. Reproduction occurred in all genetic groups (GIFT: 100%; non-inbred AquaAmérica and AquaAmérica ×GIFT: 75%; inbred AquaAmérica: 50%). Female weight, female standard length, total spawning weight, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, spawn index and hatching rate did not differ significantly between the genetic groups. However, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety showed lower values (P<0.05) for egg diameter (2.4mm) and egg weight (4.2mg) and higher values (P<0.05) for relative number of eggs (247.6 eggs/g of egg) than GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.7mg; relative number of eggs: 175.4 eggs/g of egg) and AquaAmérica ×GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.9mg; relative number of eggs: 168.8 eggs/g of egg). In conclusion, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety produces smaller, lighter eggs but a higher relative number of eggs than the GIFT variety and the AquaAmérica ×GIFT cross; and inbreeding negatively affects spawning rate.
From the mass gap at large N to the non-Borel-summability in O(3) and O(4) sigma models

We give an analytical derivation of the mass gap of the vector O(N) sigma model in two dimensions and investigate a large-order behavior of the weak-coupling asymptotic expansion for the energy. For sufficiently large N the series is sign-oscillating, which is expected from the large N solution of the sigma model. However, for N = 3 and N = 4 the series have positive coefficients.
Introduction to Representation Theory

Very roughly speaking, representation theory studies symmetry in linear spaces. It is a beautiful mathematical subject which has many applications, ranging from number theory and combinatorics to geometry, probability theory, quantum mechanics, and quantum field theory. The goal of this book is to give a "holistic" introduction to representation theory, presenting it as a unified subject which studies representations of associative algebras and treating the representation theories of groups, Lie algebras, and quivers as special cases. Using this approach, the book covers a number of standard topics in the representation theories of these structures. Theoretical material in the book is supplemented by many problems and exercises which touch upon a lot of additional topics; the more difficult exercises are provided with hints. The book is designed as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. It should be accessible to students with a strong background in linear algebra and a basic knowledge of abstract algebra.
Challenges in interacting with people with dementia

Adequate and mutual interaction is a key factor for a good and stable relationship between people with dementia and their carers and a prerequisite for living well with dementia. The dominant features of dementia include cognitive impairment and behavioral changes in people with dementia, often referred to as “challenging”. Whether communication is successful or not depends, on the one hand, on the type and degree of cognitive impairment and the skills and resources available to people with dementia and, on the other hand, on the ability of the environment to interpret and understand the utterances and the meaning of the behavior. In the first part of this essay we begin with a description of the different concepts of challenging behavior and their theoretical assumptions and backgrounds. We then describe the particularities of the nursing perspective and show the state of the art in caring for people with dementia with challenging behavior. We will also consider current evidence on the different views on the phenomenon facing the perspective of professionals, family carers and people with dementia themselves. In the second part, we alternately describe and reflect on a very short sequence of a micro interaction of a couple at home during a meal. With regard to current theoretical discussions, the example gives a first impression of the tiny, situational and complex interactional attunements and underlines the need for sensitive communication skills of people caring for people with dementia.
Performance of Ensemble Methods with 2D Pre-trained Deep Learning Networks for 3D MRI Brain Segmentation

—Ensemble method has been shown a great success for 2D image segmentation, while 3D brain segmentation has received less attention using 2D pre-trained model. In this work, we present various 2D ensemble methods to utilize the 2D pre-trained models for the brain MRI segmentation task using given small medical 3D data. We perform a series of experiments by comparing several 2D single pre-trained models to build and analyze the various 2D ensemble methods. We evaluate the ensemble methods against 3D single scratch model in terms of accuracy, time, and crop size. In addition, we investigate the relationship between different compositions of train data and performance for semantic segmentation using MRBrainS18 train dataset. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement of the proposed ensemble method in comparison with existing methods using 3D CNN models for brain MRI segmentation.
AUC Geo 2016 Ptáček_ZLOM.indd

This contribution presents the results of correcting the systematic errors that accompanied precipitation measurements at the Svratouch and Hradec Králové meteorological stations from 1961 to 1990. The selected stations are located in eastern Bohemia: the Svratouch station is situated 735 metres above sea level, the Hradec station at 270 metres above sea level. A slightly modified correction procedure constructed by R. Tihlárik was used in this study. After correction, the yearly precipitation totals recorded at the Svratouch and Hradec stations were greater by 32% and 17% of the original values, respectively. Undervaluation in Central European conditions is more significant in winter – between November and March, the average monthly undervaluation at Svratouch and Hradec reached 58–69% and 31–33%, respectively. From May to September, the average monthly undervaluation reached 7–17% at both stations. April and October were transitional months. Corrections in winter are generally indicative; corrections in the summer months are more reliable. According to the results and to literature, we can conclude that there is an undervaluation of at least 5% from May to September and an undervaluation of at least 25% from November to March at most stations in the Czech Republic. The year-to-year variability in annual and monthly corrected precipitation totals was also studied. The purpose of correcting such data is to provide more accurate precipitation totals, which subsequently provides a more accurate picture of trends in precipitation and of rainfall-runoff relationships.
Factorization of homotopies of nanophrases

Abstract Homotopy on nanophrases is an equivalence relation defined using some data called a homotopy data triple. We define a product on homotopy data triples. We show that any homotopy data triple can be factorized into a product of prime homotopy data triples and this factorization is unique up to isomorphism and order. For any homotopy given by a composite homotopy data triple we define a complete invariant of nanophrases. This invariant is used to show that equivalence of nanophrases under such a homotopy can be calculated just by using the homotopies given by its prime factors.
ELKO SPINOR FIELDS: LAGRANGIANS FOR GRAVITY DERIVED FROM SUPERGRAVITY

Dual-helicity eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator (ELKO spinor fields) belong — together with Majorana spinor fields — to a wider class of spinor fields, the so-called flagpole spinor fields, corresponding to the class-(5), according to Lounesto spinor field classification based on the relations and values taken by their associated bilinear covariants. There exists only six such disjoint classes: the first three corresponding to Dirac spinor fields, and the other three respectively corresponding to flagpole, flag-dipole and Weyl spinor fields. Using the mapping from ELKO spinor fields to the three classes Dirac spinor fields, it is shown that the Einstein–Hilbert, the Einstein–Palatini, and the Holst actions can be derived from the Quadratic Spinor Lagrangian (QSL), as the prime Lagrangian for supergravity. The Holst action is related to the Ashtekar's quantum gravity formulation. To each one of these classes, there corresponds a unique kind of action for a covariant gravity theory. Furthermore we consider the necessary and sufficient conditions to map Dirac spinor fields (DSFs) to ELKO, in order to naturally extend the Standard Model to spinor fields possessing mass dimension one. As ELKO is a prime candidate to describe dark matter and can be obtained from the DSFs, via a mapping explicitly constructed that does not preserve spinor field classes, we prove that — in particular — the Einstein–Hilbert, Einstein–Palatini, and Holst actions can be derived from the QSL, as a fundamental Lagrangian for supergravity, via ELKO spinor fields. The geometric meaning of the mass dimension-transmuting operator — leading ELKO Lagrangian into the Dirac Lagrangian — is also pointed out, together with its relationship to the instanton Hopf fibration.
The inverse electromagnetic scattering problem in a piecewise homogeneous medium

This paper is concerned with the problem of scattering of time-harmonic electromagnetic waves from an impenetrable obstacle in a piecewise homogeneous medium. The well-posedness of the direct problem is established, employing the integral equation method. In Liu and Zhang (2009 Appl. Anal. 88 1339–55) it was proved, under the condition that the wave numbers in the innermost and outermost homogeneous layers coincide and S0 is known in advance, that the obstacle with its physical property can be uniquely determined from knowledge of the electric far-field pattern for incident plane waves. In this paper, we will remove this restriction by establishing a new mixed reciprocity relation. Furthermore, inspired by Hähner's idea in Hähner (1993 Inverse Problems 9 667–78), we prove that the penetrable interface between layers can also be uniquely determined.
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 21--39, 2005

Radar data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) are employed as a preliminary analysis. This is a first research work to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall over the country for 135 consecutive days, from 16 April to 30 August 2000. Radar data are sampled in 10 km grid boxes to obtain daily rainfall over the country. Rain gauge data at 33 locations are utilized to check the radar results. The distributions of rainfall obtained by both the radar and the rain gauges are similar in pattern, but the time of the maximum rainfall determined by the radar is a few hours earlier than that determined by the rain gauges. The distribution of rainfall over the whole radar domain suggests that 21 to 09 local standard time (LST) is the most likely time for rainfall to occur in Bangladesh, while 06 LST is the most likely time for maximum rainfall to occur over the entire country. It is mentioned that no data are available between 03-06 LST. The occurrence of 21 to 09 LST rainfall is possibly linked to the local effects such as complex terrain and sea and land breeze circulations. The morning maximum rainfall at 06 LST in Bangladesh is different from that of the Indian subcontinent or of the mountain area where, generally, maximum rainfall occurs in the afternoon. The northern border of Bangladesh, close to the Shillong hill of India, is the region with the highest rainfall, while the second highest volume Corresponding author: Md. Nazrul Islam, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. E-mail: mnislam@phy.buet. ac.bd ( 2005, Meteorological Society of Japan of rainfall occurs on the eastern border. In order to observe the characteristics of large-scale cloud activity, analyses of the Japanese GMS-5 hourly infrared data, within a larger domain of 80–100 E and 10– 30 N were conducted. The cloud activities in and around Bangladesh were obtained in 1 by 1 grid boxes. The northwestern part of Bangladesh was largely affected by pre-monsoon clouds, while the whole country was affected by the peak monsoon activities.
Straight Lines with a Change‐Point: A Bayesian Analysis of Some Renal Transplant Data

Y1=(X2+f2xi+ei, i=zT+l,., (1) where the ei are independently, normally distributed, N(O, a2), 1 < T < T (al f,) $ (a2, ,B2) and all the parameters a,, f1 a25 ,B25 a2, T are unknown. The two straight lines in (1) intersect at a point with x coordinate v = (a1 a2)/(12 fl1). If we further assume that X1 < X2 <. < XT (in many applications, x will denote time), it is useful to distinguish two versions of (1) according to whether v satisfies x, < v < x+ 1 or not. When this constraint is assumed, we shall refer to the constrained case of switching straight lines. It has been found see, for example, Knapp et al. (1977)-that the constrained version provides a satisfactory statistical model for monitoring the function of renal transplants. Following a transplant, daily measurements are made of serum-creatinine, a substance which indicates the level of functioning of the patient's kidney and a plot of the reciprocal of bodyweight corrected serum-creatinine (y) is then made against time (x). Fig. 1 shows part of two typical plots obtained from patients undergoing treatment at the City Hospital, Nottingham. An increasing straight line indicates successful functioning of the transplanted kidney. A sudden switch to a decreasing straight line indicates that rejection has occurred. It might be argued that rejection is not an instantaneous process, so that the sharp intersection of the two lines is a fiction, and an approach assuming a less sharp transition, such as that of Bacon and Watts (1971), might be more reasonable. On present evidence, however, any transition period would appear to be usually very short compared with the interval between measurements, and so the switching straight line model provides a reasonable approximation. With this assumption, in the renal transplant application the intersection point, y, corresponds to the time at which a rejection occurs. This parameter is of very great interest, both in the treatment of individual patients and because inferences about v for each of a number of patients permit inferences about daily and hourly variations in the rates of rejection. This, in turn, has implications for treatment and monitoring procedures in the hospital (see Knapp et al., 1979).
Endogenous IGF-I and v 3 integrin ligands regulate increased smooth muscle growth in TNBS-induced colitis

Hazelgrove KB, Flynn RS, Qiao LY, Grider JR, Kuemmerle JF. Endogenous IGF-I and v 3 integrin ligands regulate increased smooth muscle growth in TNBS-induced colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G1230–G1237, 2009. First published April 9, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90508. 2008. — Endogenous insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulates intestinal smooth muscle growth by concomitantly stimulating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. IGFI-stimulated growth is augmented by the v 3 integrin ligands vitronectin and fibronectin. IGF-I expression in smooth muscle is increased in both TNBS-induced colitis and Crohn’s disease. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation increased vitronectin and fibronectin expression by smooth muscle and, along with IGF-I upregulation, increased intestinal muscle growth. Intestinal smooth muscle cells were examined 7 days following the induction of TNBS-induced colitis. Although v 3 integrin expression was not altered by TNBSinduced colitis, vitronectin and fibronectin levels were increased by 80 10% and 90 15%, above control levels, respectively. Basal IGF-I receptor phosphorylation in inflamed muscle from TNBStreated rats was increased by 86 8% over vehicle-treated controls. Basal ERK1/2, p70S6 kinase, and GSK-3 phosphorylation in muscle cells of TNBS-treated rats were also increased by 140–180%. TNBS treatment increased basal muscle cell proliferation by 130 15% and decreased apoptosis by 20 2% compared with that in vehicletreated controls. The changes in proliferation and apoptosis were reversed by an IGF-I receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor or an v 3 integrin antagonist. The results suggest that smooth muscle hyperplasia in TNBS-induced colitis partly results from the upregulation of endogenous IGF-I and ligands of v 3 integrin that mediate increased smooth muscle cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. This paper has identified one mechanism regulating smooth muscle hyperplasia, a feature of stricture formation that occurs in the chronically inflamed intestine of TNBS-induced colitis and potentially Crohn’s disease.