Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Teeth Disease Detection Using Refractive Index Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor

The paper proposes a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor utilizing MXene and a Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) material layer, placed on the Ag metal-based conventional biosensor to detect disease in human teeth. The SPR biosensor works on the principle of attenuated total reflection. The transverse matrix method was utilized for the reflectivity calculation. The thickness of the Ag layer, MXene, and MoS2 were taken as 45, 0.993, and 0.375 nm, respectively. Single-layer MoS2 and two layers of MXene were taken, and the highest sensitivity of the sensor for the enamel, dentin, and cementum was obtained at 83.219 deg/RIU, 91.460 deg/RIU, and 104.744 deg/RIU. MoS2 was used to enhance the biocompatibility of the analyte with the sensing layer. The aqueous solution had been considered as sensing medium.
Adsorption Properties of Essential Oils on Polylactic Acid Microparticles of Different Sizes

The interaction between the polymer and the materials in contact with it affects its applicability. This can be particularly important in applications such as packaging or controlled drug delivery systems. Because of these interactions, the adsorption and diffusion properties of polylactic acid (PLA) are important. The absorption capacity of different polylactic acid particles for different additives like essential oils (Thymus vulgaris, Melissa officinalis, and Foeniculum vulgare essential oils) was investigated depending on the concentration of the essential oil. The PLA microparticles were prepared by the solvent evaporation emulsification method. The prepared particles had a degree of crystallinity of 0.1% and 16.1%, respectively, according to the granules used. This affects the particles’ adsorption properties. The specific essential oil uptake of the more crystalline microparticles was on average 15% higher than that of the amorphous particles. The specific amount of essential oil adsorbed decreases with the decreasing concentration of essential oil in the solutions. We also investigated whether the amount of essential oil taken up was correlated with the solubility parameter of the essential oils. We concluded that the difference between the adsorption of the essential oils on the polymer was related to the essential oils’ Hansen solubility parameter.
Impact of Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health, Substance Use, and Homelessness: Qualitative Interviews with Behavioral Health Providers

The United States is experiencing a syndemic of homelessness, substance use disorder, and mental health conditions, which has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is expected that mitigation strategies will curb community transmission of COVID-19, the unintended consequences of social isolation on mental health and substance use are a growing public health concern. Awareness of changing mental health and substance use treatment needs due to the pandemic is critical to understanding what additional services and support are needed during and post-pandemic, particularly among people experiencing homelessness who have pre-existing serious mental illness or substance use disorder. To evaluate these effects and support our understanding of mental health and substance use outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a qualitative study where behavioral health providers serving people experiencing homelessness described the impact of COVID-19 among their clients throughout the United States. Behavioral health providers shared that experiencing social isolation worsened mental health conditions and caused some people to return to substance use and fatally overdose. However, some changes initiated during the pandemic resulted in positive outcomes, such as increased client willingness to discuss mental health topics. Our findings provide additional evidence that the social isolation experienced during the pandemic has been detrimental to mental health and substance use outcomes, especially for people experiencing homelessness.
A Cost-Effective Approach for Achieving Subwavelength THz Imaging Using Photoinduced Coded-Apertures on Mesa-Array Structures

A novel and cost-effective approach for high-resolution terahertz (THz) imaging using photoinduced (PI) coded-apertures on micromachined mesa-array structures is reported. The mesa-array structures are designed to have subwavelength electrically isolated mesas for generation of high-fidelity photopatterns for THz imaging. An Si mesa-array prototype structure was successfully fabricated and tested. Measurements show that a modulation depth of ∼22 dB was obtained in the frequency range of 740–750 GHz under a light intensity of 11.7 W/cm2, which agrees well with theoretical analysis and full-wave simulation. Initial imaging experiments were first performed using 64 pixels (over different areas) for validation and performance evaluation. More advanced imaging using quadrupled pixel number (256 pixels) was conducted in order to resolve subwavelength features. As a result, a wavelength-scale spatial resolution of 400 μm has been successfully demonstrated, and a subwavelength resolution as small as ∼250 μm (0.625λ at 740 GHz) has been shown to be potentially achievable. The proposed PI coded-aperture imaging using mesa arrays is promising for developing real-time high-resolution THz imaging with simple system and low cost.
Microstructure, Wear and Corrosion Behaviors of Electrodeposited Ni-Diamond Micro-Composite Coatings

For the micro-milling of hard and brittle materials, to avoid crack formation, a tool with ductile milling mode is required. Composite electrodeposition technology was used to prepare a Ni–diamond coating on the surface of brass. The surface microstructure, composition and surface roughness of the coating were studied with a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and roughness tester. The adhesion strength was studied by scratch test, the wear resistance was analyzed by wear test, and the corrosion resistance was investigated by Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). It was found that the distribution of diamond particles of the Ni–diamond coating was relatively uniform, and the content was relatively high. The internal stress of the coating prepared by the composite electrodeposition technology was very low. With the incorporation of the diamond particles, the surface roughness of the coating tended to decrease. The wear experiment showed that the wear scar diameter of the corresponding glass ball for the Ni coating was 1.775 mm and the roughness was 13.88 ± 2.811 µm, while that for the Ni–diamond coating was 2.680 mm and 8.35 ± 0.743 µm, respectively, indicating that the tool coating with uniform diamond particles had a strong ability to process workpieces with significantly improved surface quality. The particle press-in mechanism not only improved the wear resistance of the coating, but helped to prolong the service life of the tool. The results of the EIS test and Tafel curves showed that the Ni–diamond coating had a lower corrosion current, and the corrosion resistance of the coating surface was improved. The experimental results showed that the micro-diamond coating prepared by the composite electrodeposition technology had good bonding strength, low internal stress, and significantly improved wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD

We present a homogeneous analysis of the oxygen abundance in five H ii regions and eight planetary nebulae (PNe) located at distances lower than 2 kpc and with available spectra of high quality. We find that both the collisionally excited lines (CELs) and recombination lines imply that the PNe are overabundant in oxygen by about 0.2 dex. An explanation that reconciles the oxygen abundances derived with CELs for H ii regions and PNe with the values found for B stars, the Sun, and the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) requires the presence in H ii regions of an organic refractory dust component that is not present in PNe. This dust component has already been invoked to explain the depletion of oxygen in molecular clouds and in the diffuse ISM.
YOUNG SUPERNOVAE AS EXPERIMENTAL SITES FOR STUDYING THE ELECTRON ACCELERATION MECHANISM

Radio emissions from young supernovae (≲1 year after the explosion) show a peculiar feature in the relativistic electron population at a shock wave, where their energy distribution is steeper than typically found in supernova remnants and than that predicted from the standard diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. This has been especially established for the case for a class of stripped envelope supernovae (SNe IIb/Ib/Ic), where a combination of high shock velocity and low circumstellar material density makes it easier to derive the intrinsic energy distribution than in other classes of SNe. We suggest that this apparent discrepancy reflects a situation where the low energy electrons, before being accelerated by the DSA-like mechanism, are responsible for the radio synchrotron emission from young SNe, and that studying young SNe sheds light on the still-unresolved electron injection problem in the acceleration theory of cosmic rays. We suggest that the electron's energy distribution could be flattened toward high energy, most likely around 100 MeV, which marks a transition from inefficient to efficient acceleration. Identifying this feature will be a major advance in understanding the electron acceleration mechanism. We suggest two further probes: (1) millimeter/submillimeter observations in the first year after the explosion and (2) X-ray observations at about one year and thereafter. We show that these are reachable by ALMA and Chandra for nearby SNe.
Presentism and Eternalism in Perspective

The distinction between presentism and eternalism is usually sought in some formula like ‘Only presently existing things exist’ or ‘Past, present, and future events are equally real’. I argue that ambiguities in the copula prevent these slogans from distinguishing significant opposed positions. I suggest in addition that one can find a series of significant distinctions if one takes spacetime structure into account. These presentisms and eternalisms are not contradictory. They are complementary elements of a complete naturalistic philosophy of time.
Design and optimisation of quantum logic circuits for a three-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm implemented with optically-controlled, solid-state quantum logic gates

We analyse the design and optimisation of quantum logic circuits suitable for the experimental demonstration of a three-qubit quantum computation prototype based on optically-controlled, solid-state quantum logic gates. In these gates, the interaction between two qubits carried by the electron-spin of donors is mediated by the optical excitation of a control particle placed in their proximity. First, we use a geometrical approach for analysing the entangling characteristics of these quantum gates. Then, using a genetic programming algorithm, we develop circuits for the refined Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm investigating different strategies for obtaining short total computational times. We test two separate approaches based on using different sets of entangling gates with the shortest possible gate computation time which, however, does not introduce leakage of quantum information to the control particles. The first set exploits fast approximations of controlled-phase gates as entangling gates, while the other one arbitrary entangling gates with a shorter gate computation time compared to the first set. We have identified circuits with consistently shorter total computation times when using controlled-phase gates.
Microwave Polarization Sensing for Dielectric Materials Based on a Twisted Dual-Layer Meta-Surface

A microwave sensor is proposed based on a chiral twisted dual-layer meta-surface. Elliptical angle and polarization rotation angle are used to characterize the different dielectric constants of materials. The dielectric films consisting of polydimethylsiloxane and barium titanate with volume fractions 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% are prepared and tested for a proof of concept. The measured results show that the Q factors of polarization rotation angle and elliptical angle peak are 11.85 when the volume fraction of barium titanate is 20%, which is 75.5% higher than 6.75 of the transmission resonance peak, and the figures of merit of the polarization rotation angle and elliptical angle peak are 0.99 and 0.86, which are 73.7% and 50.9% higher than the 0.57 of transmission resonance, respectively. Compared to the resonance sensing method, polarization sensing not only has a better Q factor and figure of merit while maintaining similar sensitivity, but also obtains more characterization information due to the double-parameter sensing, which provide a new idea for the development of high-sensitivity microwave sensors.
Traitement et analyse quantitative d’hologrammes numériques

Une image-hologramme de micro-objets contient l'information de taille, forme et localisation tridimensionnelle des objets. Cette information est codee par la modulation de frequence et d'amplitude des franges d'interference de l'hologramme. L'extraction de cette information est classiquement realisee par analyse du volume 3D restitue par transformee de Fresnel, transformee de Fourier fractionnaire ou transformee en ondelettes. Plusieurs types d'artefacts apparaissent cependant dans les images restituees: deformation pres des bords du support de l'hologramme, focalisation multiple, apparition d'images jumelles. L'analyse de la problematique de traitement des hologrammes numeriques sous des angles de traitement du signal et de deconvolution nous permettent de presenter les apports varies de la litterature sous un cadre unifie. Nous suggerons d'utiliser une formulation de type ``probleme inverse'' basee sur le modele physique de formation de l'hologramme pour resoudre les difficultes posees par les artefacts des images restituees. L'algorithme propose permet de realiser la detection de micro-particules dans un volume d'etude 4 fois superieur et avec une precision amelioree d'un facteur 5 par rapport a la technique classique. L'enjeu du traitement rapide d'hologrammes nous a pousses a developper une approche de stereologie en projection donnant acces a une estimation de la taille moyenne ou de la distribution d'orientations d'une population de micro-objets.
Simulations of coalescing black holes

We describe the methods and results of numerical simulations of coalescing black holes. The simulation in dynamical spacetime covers the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases. We analyze the emission of gravitational waves and properties of a black hole being the merger product. We discuss the results in the context of astrophysical environment of black holes that exist in the Universe.
Fast and sensitive THz detector based on optomechanical resonator

We demonstrate an optomechanical THz meta-atom device consisting of a THz resonator and an oscillating mechanical nanobeam. This device efficiently interacts with THz radiation and shows mechanical responses in oscillation amplitudes with a responsivity of 4 nm/$\mu$W, and thus can be employed as sensitive THz detectors operating at room temperature. We further implement phase lock loop (PLL) measurements and show that the device can respond at high speeds, with a harmonic bandwidth on the order of 1 MHz. Moreover, in this optomechanical system, Duffing nonlinearities can be easily observed.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of National Chinese College Students’ Mental Status during COVID-19 Pandemic: Using a Compiled Stress Response Questionnaire

As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread, local governments in China adopted severe lockdown measures to control the pandemic. People were restricted from traveling for leisure, business, education, and medical treatment. Changes were observed in people’s psychological states as a result of COVID-19. This study aimed to construct a Stress Response Questionnaire based on the stress response theory for use with college students, to access their authentic mental health conditions and provide psychological intervention suggestions and countermeasures for the emergency plan formulated by the education department. The questionnaire was used to collect responses from a sample of 16,353 college students from 34 provinces in China. The results showed that anxiety levels varied by sex, current location, and pandemic region, each of which predicted different levels of emotional disturbance. Thus, we highly recommend that the Chinese college administration implement appropriate intervention programs and procedures to help college students maintain their mental health.
Unified Spatial-Temporal Neighbor Attention Network for Dynamic Traffic Prediction

Traffic prediction plays an essential role in many real-world applications ranging from route planning to vehicular communications. The goal of making accurate prediction is challenging due to the dynamic and various spatial-temporal correlations in traffic network. Numerous methods have been proposed to capture the spatial-temporal correlations, however, there are two major challenges: i) The task of synchronously capturing dynamic and various spatial-temporal correlations has not been fully explored yet. ii) Lack of an adaptive mechanism to model different influences caused by different external factors. To overcome these challenges, we propose a unified spatial-temporal attention network entitled USTAN. First, it constructs the spatial neighbor graph and the temporal neighbor array to describe the spatial and temporal correlations respectively. By expanding the spatial neighbors in temporal perspective according to the temporal neighbor array, all the spatial-temporal neighbors can be gathered together. Second, a single unified attention component is performed on all the spatial-temporal neighbors for capturing the spatial-temporal correlations all at once. In addition, a gated fusion module is designed to fuse the external factors adaptively to reduce predicting error. Extensive experiments on real-world traffic prediction tasks demonstrate the superiority of our proposed framework.
Alginate-Based Micro- and Nanosystems for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Alginates have been widely explored due to their salient advantages of hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, mucoadhesive features, bioavailability, environmentally-benign properties, and cost-effectiveness. They are applied for designing micro- and nanosystems for controlled and targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy as alginate biopolymers find usage in encapsulating anticancer drugs to improve their bioavailability, sustained release, pharmacokinetics, and bio-clearance. Notably, these nanomaterials can be applied for photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapy of cancers/tumors. Future explorations ought to be conducted to find novel alginate-based (nano)systems for targeted cancer therapy using advanced drug delivery techniques with benefits of non-invasiveness, patient compliance, and convenience of drug administration. Thus, some critical parameters such as mucosal permeability, stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment, and drug solubility ought to be considered. In addition, the comprehensive clinical translational studies along with the optimization of synthesis techniques still need to be addressed. Herein, we present an overview of the current state of knowledge and recent developments pertaining to the applications of alginate-based micro- and nanosystems for targeted cancer therapy based on controlled drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and chemodynamic/photodynamic therapy approaches, focusing on important challenges and future directions.
Competence Needs Satisfaction in elite junior tennis: Gender differences

Empirical studies on Basic Psychological Needs Theory in sports have increased exponentially since the turn of the millennium. Within this context, we studied the contribution of competence needs as a predictor of Reduced Sense of Accomplishment (RSA) and Balance between Challenge and Skills (BCS) in elite junior tennis players and its gender differences. A sample of 114 (62 girls and 52 boys) junior elite players (15.62 ± 1.36 years) from 24 countries competing in the International Tennis Federation world junior tournaments participated in this study. Three different questionnaires were used, Competence Needs Satisfaction (CNS) with Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale, RSA with Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and BCS with Dispositional Flow State 2. Results showed that these scales were reliable (>.70). Independent sample t-test analysis revealed no significant gender differences in any of them (p > .05). Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that CNS was negatively associated with RSA (r = −.46; p < .001) and positively associated with BCS (r = .81; p < .001). It can be concluded that coaches, parents, and team members should understand the relevance of adopting behaviors and programs that satisfy the competence needs of elite junior tennis players. By doing so, elite tennis players would be protected against a RSA and facilitate more confidence in aiming them to face the competitive challenges of the sport.
A Neural Network-Based Hybrid Physical Model for GaN HEMTs

A neural network (NN)-based hybrid physical model for gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) is proposed. In this model, the artificial NN (ANN) is used to construct the terminal charge densities, which is linked with device model’s RF and dc performance using the MIT Virtual Source (MVS) theory. A detailed parameter extraction and optimization method for this hybrid model is proposed as well. The parameter extraction starts from S-parameters with the consideration of access region resistances. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize extraction results. After that, a two-hidden-layer ANN is constructed to model the obtained source-end terminal charge density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q_{\mathrm {is}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and drain-end terminal charge density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q_{\mathrm {id}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Then, the ANN-based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q_{\mathrm {is}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q_{\mathrm {id}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are used to construct the hybrid model under the framework of the MVS theory. The trapping effects and self-heating effects are also considered in this hybrid model. This hybrid model is built and verified in the Advanced Design System (ADS). The proposed hybrid model has better scalability than the traditional ANN-based models. It is also more accurate than the traditional MVS-based physical model. This hybrid model presents satisfactory agreement between measured and simulated current–voltage (IV), S-parameters, load—pulls, and power sweeps.