Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
V-band high-power low phase-noise monolithic oscillators and investigation of low phase-noise performance high drain bias

This paper reports on the excellent performance of V-band monolithic high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) oscillators, and discusses oscillation characteristics on drain bias. With regard to output characteristics, double-hetero (DH) HEMT (especially with a high-density Si-planar doped layer) are superior to single-hetero (SH) HEMT's. A monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) oscillator has been developed with a planar doped DH HEMT and has achieved the peak output power of 11.1 dBm at a 55.9-GHz oscillation frequency. Phase noise of -85 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset and -103 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset have been achieved at a drain voltage of 5.5 V and a gate voltage of 0 V. These characteristics have been achieved without any buffer amplifiers of dielectric resonators. This study has revealed that the phase noise decreases as drain voltage increases. This phenomenon is caused by lower pushing figure and lower noise level at a low-frequency range obtained under a high drain voltage. It is because the depletion layer in the channel is extended to the drain electrode with increase of drain voltage, resulting in the small fluctuation of the gate-to-source capacitance. We also investigate low-frequency noise spectra of AlGaAs-InGaAs-GaAs DH HEMT's with different bias conditions. The low-frequency noise decreases for more than 3 V of the drain voltage. A unique mechanism is proposed to explain this phase noise reduction at high drain voltage.
Optimization of synthesis conditions for carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste using microwave-assisted heating and its application as a food thickener

Pineapple leaf waste, with its high cellulose content, can serve as alternative starting material for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, synthesis conditions of CMC from pineapple leaves via the use of microwave heating were optimized. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to schedule the experiments and to optimize the synthesis condition, respectively. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three factors, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dose, and etherification time. The process of carboxymethylation was optimized to produce CMC with high degree of substitution (DS). Optimal condition for CMC synthesis was noted to be 50% (w/v) NaOH solution, 8 g of MCA/g cellulose, and etherification time of 16 min; such optimal condition resulted in the maximum DS of 0.78. Synthesized CMC was utilized as a thickener for liquid foods (water, orange juice, milk, and mushroom cream soup) where 2% (w/v) as-synthesized CMC increased the viscosity of the foods and changed their characteristics from thin to nectar-like liquids.
What Determines the Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation?

Rapid reductions in PaCO2 during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are associated with poor neurologic outcomes. Understanding what factors determine PaCO2 may allow a gradual reduction, potentially improving neurologic outcome. A simple and intuitive arithmetic expression was developed, to describe the interactions between the major factors determining PaCO2 during venovenous ECMO. This expression was tested using a wide range of input parameters from clinically feasible scenarios. The difference between PaCO2 predicted by the arithmetic equation and PaCO2 predicted by a more robust and complex in-silico mathematical model, was <10 mm Hg for more than 95% of the scenarios tested. With no CO2 in the sweep gas, PaCO2 is proportional to metabolic CO2 production and inversely proportional to the “total effective expired ventilation” (sum of alveolar ventilation and oxygenator ventilation). Extracorporeal blood flow has a small effect on PaCO2, which becomes more important at low blood flows and high recirculation fractions. With CO2 in the sweep gas, the increase in PaCO2 is proportional to the concentration of CO2 administered. PaCO2 also depends on the fraction of the total effective expired ventilation provided via the oxygenator. This relationship offers a simple intervention to control PaCO2 using titration of CO2 in the sweep gas.
On the detection of load active currents for active filter control

The control of current source converters used as active filters can be based on either the current active components detection or the instantaneous imaginary power detection from which all or only a part can be used. The authors study the conditions in which this second method is equivalent to the first one and propose an improvement for the cases when it is not so.
FET GRUNNMUR FOR MAGER PRODUKSJON: SUKSESSFAKTORER FOR IMPLEMENTERING AV LEAN

Formalet med denne artikkelen er a avdekke de faktorene som er aller viktigst for a lykkes med implementering av mager produksjon, eller lean som det ogsa kalles. Artikkelen bygger sine konklusjoner pa resultatene av en rangerings-basert delphi-studie. To paneler med informanter, 18 konsulenter og 16 interne lean-navigatorer, deltok i studien. Brainstormingsfasen resulterte i 59 viktige faktorer, som i rangeringsfasen ble redusert til seks kritiske suksessfaktorer. Analysen viser at eierskap hos toppledelse og mellomlederne, bred involvering av ansatte, klare malsettinger, god endringsledelse, og tett kobling til bedriftens strategi, vurderes av ekspertene som mest kritisk for vellykket implementering av lean. Artikkelen konkluderer med at faktorene som ekspertene mener er kritiske ikke er fremstar som spesielle for lean, men samsvarer i stor grad med hva som allerede er kjent fra studier pa andre IS-omrader og endringsledelsesteori generelt.
Accurate Real-time Identication of IP Prex Hijacking

We present novel and practical techniques to accurately detect IP prex hijacking attacks in real time to facilitate mitigation. Attacks may hijack victim’s address space to disrupt network services or perpetrate malicious activities such as spamming and DoS attacks without disclosing identity. We propose novel ways to signicantly improve the detection accuracy by combining analysis of passively collected BGP routing updates with data plane ngerprints of suspicious prexes. The key insight is to use data plane information in the form of edge network ngerprinting to disambiguate suspect IP hijacking incidences based on routing anomaly detection. Conicts in data plane ngerprints provide much more denitive evidence of successful IP prex hijacking. Utilizing multiple real-time BGP feeds, we demonstrate the ability of our system to distinguish between legitimate routing changes and actual attacks. Strong correlation with addresses that originate spam emails from a spam honeypot conrms the accuracy of our techniques.
Air Entrapment and Drop Formation in Piezo Inkjet Printing

Piezo drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printers are used in an increasing number of applications for their reliable deposition of droplets onto a substrate. Droplets of a few picoliters are ejected from an ink jet nozzle at a frequency of up to 50 kHz. However, entrapment of an air microbubble into the ink channel can severely impede the productivity and reliability of the printing system. The air bubble disturbs the channel acoustics resulting in disrupted drop formation and failure of the ink channel. In this research we study air entrapment in a normal inkjet printhead and a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based inkjet printhead. By using the actuating piezo transducer in receive the acoustics inside the channel could be monitored, clearly identifying the presence of an air microbubble inside the channel during a channel failure. A model was developed to calculate the two-way coupling between the channel acoustics and the disturbing bubble. The model was validated by simultaneous acoustical and infrared detection of the bubble. Using a glass inset in the normal printhead and a infrared visualization technique for the MEMS printhead allowed for an accurate depiction of the bubble size and its translational dynamics inside the print head. The model proves to be a very valuable tool in calculating the presence, the size and the position of entrapped air bubbles inside an operating ink printhead, purely from its acoustic response. We also studied the details of droplet formation with the Brandaris ultrahigh-speed imaging facility at frame rates of up to 10 million frames per second and using an even faster stroboscopic technique of order 5 nanoseconds. The highly reproducible recordings were analyzed to give the local flow rate and velocity distribution within the droplet. The results are compared to a 1-dimensional model based on the lubrication approximation. In the model the equations are solved on an Eulerian grid with a second order accurate scheme. The pinch-off singularity is prevented by regularization of the surface tension at small radius and overall we find excellent agreement with the experimental observations.
Influence of DX Centers on the Performance of Unipolar Semiconductor Lasers Based on GaAs-Al Ga As

Optical and electrical characteristics of quantum cascade lasers, made in the GaAs-Al Ga As material system, show persistent changes at low temperatures, when devices are illuminated with an external white light. The magnitude of the effect is a function of the exposure time and finally saturates. The induced variation on the threshold current density of the lasers is more than 30%. This effect is related to the presence of deep donors (DX centers) in the high aluminum content AlGaAs cladding layers, which under illumination release electrons, thus increasing waveguide losses. By analyzing the light induced vari- ations of the optical characteristics we were able to deduce the waveguide losses of our devices.
The Clinical Effectiveness of Virtual Nursing Process Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Educational Evaluation and a Quasi-experimental Longitudinal Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mode of education, causing universities to shift from face-to-face to online delivery mode for offering various courses and programs. Thus, it is essential to focus on the curriculum content to tackle the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and provide methods to effectively educate nursing students in nursing practice. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness of virtual nursing process (NP) education in undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This educational evaluation study with a quasi-experimental longitudinal design was applied in four educational steps over six months for first-year undergraduate nursing students (n = 30) using Iran's national learning virtual environment. Results: The paired t-test results showed a significant difference in the mean and overall scores of nursing diagnosis and nursing outcomes/goals before and after the virtual intervention (P < 0.001). Six months after virtual education, the students registered for the ‘clinical nursing process (CNP) unit in the third semester. In the final step of the study, the overall mean score of the students' nursing care plan was 16.59 ± 2.31, which was higher than the mean score, meaning virtual NP education was effective in a clinical setting. Conclusions: Virtual mode of teaching can be effective for theoretical and CNP education.
Software solutions to quality enhancement of moire fringes in displacement measuring

To acquire high precision of subdivision in optical displacement measuring, the signal quality of moire fringes must be kept reliable and constant. Several software solutions to enhance the signal quality of moire fringes are provided in this paper. The process platform is based on SHARC DSP and flash sample technique. Three methods of adaptive digital filter are used respectively to eliminate the unwanted drift of signal, improve the orthogonality of two channels of sine and cosine intensity signals of moire fringe, and keep the amplitude of the signal constant. Firstly, the operation procedure of the acquisition and process system is described, then the principle of the adaptive signal process is explained. And at the same time, the result of the experiment is also listed to show the effects of the process software in digital signal processor.
Blocking in 3-Stage "Folded" Switching Arrays

Following a brief consideration of multistage switching arrays in general, with particular emphasis on the advantages of 3-stage switching systems, this paper discusses the blocking properties of "folded" vs. "nonfolded" 3-stage switching arrays. Conditions under which a "folded" array will be nonblocking are stipulated. A comprehensive series of formulas are given for determining the internal blocking of any "folded" 3-stage array which does not satisfy the conditions for nonblocking. Included also are tables (based on certain of these formulas) for quickly finding the blocking in any "symmetrical" 3-stage "folded" array, and for determining the "dimensions" of symmetrical arrays required to carry any given density of traffic at any given maximum allowable blocking. Additional information and formulas are included, covering the use of "multiple-linkage" in special arrays intended for register access. The derivation of certain of these blocking formulas is given in the Appendix. It should be noted that the formulas given in this paper are all based on the assumption that the distribution of telephone traffic offered to the arrays will conform to the Exponential Binomial Probability Distribution (Bernoulli); this is the usual assumption made in American practice.
Pretreatment impacts on biopolymers in adjacent ultrafiltration plants

Full‐scale studies were conducted to determine the effects of the configuration or absence of pretreatment on membrane performance at two full‐scale ultrafiltration (UF) drinking water treatment plants sharing a common raw water source. One plant had no pretreatment before the membranes, and the other had ozone and biologically active carbon contactor pretreatment. At one point during this study, ozonation was out of service, and this presented an opportunity to compare ozone on/off scenarios. Ozone addition was observed to reduce biopolymer retention by UF membranes up to 23%. Although lower normalized flux (20°C) was associated with higher biopolymer retention by UF membranes, higher retention was found to not affect membrane permeability. Assimilable organic carbon was not a good surrogate for biopolymer removal by biofiltration. Variations in the raw water biopolymer fractions at both plants were associated with seasonal changes in temperature and potentially lakewide flow‐circulation patterns.
COMPACT SHORTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND OPERATION

In the present paper notch loaded shorted microstrip patch antenna has been analysed using cavity model. The proposed antenna shows dual band operation which depends on notch dimensions as well as shorting wall. The frequency ratio is found to be 1.5278 for the notch loaded rectangular patch, while in notch loaded shorted patch, the frequency ratio varies from 2.9764 to 2.725 for increasing value of notch width and it is almost invariant with notch depth. Further a slot loaded shorted patch antenna shows the dual frequency nature with the frequency ratio 1.7. The theoretical results are compared with IE3D simulation as well as reported experimental results.
A human kinase yeast array for the identification of kinases modulating phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions

Protein kinases play an important role in cellular signaling pathways and their dysregulation leads to multiple diseases, making kinases prime drug targets. While more than 500 human protein kinases are known to collectively mediate phosphorylation of over 290,000 S/T/Y sites, the activities have been characterized only for a minor, intensively studied subset. To systematically address this discrepancy, we developed a human kinase array in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a simple readout tool to systematically assess kinase activities. For this array, we expressed 266 human kinases in four different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and profiled ectopic growth as a proxy for kinase activity across 33 conditions. More than half of the kinases showed an activity-dependent phenotype across many conditions and in more than one strain. We then employed the kinase array to identify the kinase(s) that can modulate protein-protein-interactions (PPIs). Two characterized, phosphorylation-dependent PPIs with unknown kinase-substrate relationships were analyzed in a phospho-yeast two-hybrid assay. CK2α1 and SGK2 kinases can abrogate the interaction between the spliceosomal proteins AAR2 and PRPF8 and NEK6 kinase was found to mediate the estrogen receptor (ERα) interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. The human kinase yeast array can thus be used for a variety of kinase activity-dependent readouts.
Relationship among sleep quality, depressed mood, and perceived social support in older adults: A longitudinal study

Sleep quality and perceived social support (PSS) are acknowledged to play indispensable roles in enhancing the adaptation of later life and improving the health condition and well-being of older adults. Both have received widespread attention from researchers. Some researchers have begun focusing on physical factors or health-related behaviors, such as sleep, that have significant effects on PSS. Good sleep quality has been widely established to be significantly associated with a high level of PSS. However, research on the temporal effects of sleep quality on PSS is limited, and the potential health mechanisms of the relationship between sleep quality and PSS in older adults are mixed. This study aims to investigate the temporal relationship between sleep quality and PSS, including the mediating role of depressed mood in the relationship between sleep quality and PSS in older adults. A total of 281 older adults completed the self-reported questionnaires assessing sleep quality, PSS, and depressed mood at three time-points: at intake, a 6-month follow-up, and a 12-month follow-up. Cross-lagged panel analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that sleep quality at Times 1 and 2 positively predicated PSS at Times 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, the longitudinal mediation analysis showed that depressed mood mediated the effect of sleep quality on PSS. The study found that sleep quality influences PSS through depressed mood in older adults, which enriched the theoretical basis of the field. Findings also offer some practical implications. Particularly for community practitioners, the current findings suggest that improving sleep quality can be a strategy for improving psychological health and social functioning (e.g., PSS) in older adults.
Minimization of trailing edge noise by parametric airfoil shape modications

reduce turbulent boundary layer trailing-edge (TBL-TE) noise compared with a reference NACA-0012 airfoil. The semi-empirical model used in the investigation is a combination of XFOIL aerodynamic prediction and the BPM TBL-TE noise model. An airfoil shape parameter investigation is conducted to identify links between airfoil shape and TBL-TE noise reduction. Transition behaviour, in particular control over the laminar separation bubble is shown to be critical to the downstream development of displacement thickness and hence predicted TBL-TE noise levels. Shape optimization results are shown for a modied NACA-0012 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 1:5 10 6 and zero angle of attack. It is found that the 12% thickness NACA-0012 airfoil can be modied such that predicted TBL-TE OASPL noise is reduced by approximately 2:9 dB while concurrently reducing drag by 21:5%.
Design of a 50-MHz annular array using fine-grain lead titanate

A 50 MHz annular array with six equal-area elements was designed. A novel fine-grain, 1-2 micron particle size, lead titanate was used as the piezoelectric material. The full set of electromechanical properties was calculated using resonance techniques. The low permittivity ((epsilon) s33/(epsilon) 0 equals 180) of the lead titanate allowed a larger overall diameter when matching to 50 ohm electronics, which kept the aspect ratio (width/height) of all the elements above 3. Laser micromachining was used to fully separate the array elements, and a double matching layer scheme was used to acoustically match the device. The array was modeled using both one-dimensional (KLM) and finite element modeling (PZFlex), and good agreement between the two was obtained. Using a broadband excitation, a center frequency of 49 MHz was obtained on the echo reflected from a flat reflector, with an inerstion loss of 20 dB and a bandwidth of 50%. Maximum calculated cross-talk values were below -30 dB between elements.
Supplementary material to "The impacts of marine-emitted halogens on OH radical in East Asia during summer"

Abstract. Relationships between oceanic emissions and air chemistry are intricate and still not fully understood. For regional air chemistry, a better understanding of marine halogen emission on hydroxyl (OH) radical is crucial. OH radical is a key species in atmospheric chemistry because it can oxidize almost all trace species in the atmosphere. In the marine atmosphere, OH level could be significantly affected by the halogen species emitted from the ocean. However, due to the complicated interactions of halogens with OH through different pathways, it is not well understood how halogens influence OH and even great uncertain in the signs of net effect. Therefore, in this study, we aim to quantify the impact of marine-emitted halogens (including Cl, Br, and I) through different pathways on OH in the high OH season by using WRF-CMAQ model with process analysis and state-of-the-art halogen chemistry in the East Asia Seas. Results show a very complicated response of OH production rate (POH) to marine halogen emissions. The monthly POH is generally decreased over the ocean with maxima of about 10–15 % in the Philippine Sea, but is increased in many nearshore areas with maxima of about 7–9 % in the Bohai Sea. In the coastal areas of southern China, the monthly POH could also decrease 3–5 % in the Greater Bay Area, but with a daytime hourly maximum decrease over 30 %. Analysis to the individual reactions using integrated reaction rate (IRR) show that the net change of POH is controlled by the competitions of three main pathways through different halogen species. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) and inorganic iodine gases are the main species to influence the strengths of these three pathways and therefore have the most significant impacts on POH. Both of these two types of species decrease POH through physical processes, while generally increase POH through chemical processes. In the ocean atmosphere, the controlling species are inorganic iodine gases and the complicated iodine chemistry determines the basic pattern of ΔPOH, while over the continent, SSA is the controlling species and the SSA extinction effect leads to the negative ΔPOH in the southern China. Our results indicate that marine-emitted halogen species have notable impacts over the ocean and have potential impact on the coastal atmospheric oxidation. The identified main (previously known or unknown) pathways and their controlling factors from different halogen species to OH radical explains the halogen-induced change of POH East Asia and also can be applied in other circumstances (e.g., different domains, regions, and emission rates).