Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A structure for representing problem formulation in design

Much study has been done on the process of design and problem formulation is believed to play a major role in a creative design of high quality. Yet, it has gained less attention. We propose a taxonomy for representing the design problem space in order to show how a problem is formulated. We call this static representation the problem map which can provide a basis for comparing how different designers perceive a problem. It can also help demonstrate the co-evolution of problem and solution. Our study is based on the design of a model aircraft by an expert and a group of novice designers. The proposed structure shows a richer map of attended attributes and relations for the expert and more attributes left in vacuum for the novices.
A OVEL METHOD OF HA DLI G TOLERA CES FOR A ALOG CIRCUIT FAULT DIAG OSIS BASED O ORMAL QUOTIE T DISTRIBUTIO

While the Slope Fault Model method can solve the soft-fault diagnosis problem in linear analog circuit effectively, the challenging tolerance problem is still unsolved. In this paper, a proposed Normal Quotient Distribution approach was combined with the Slope Fault Model to handle the tolerances problem in soft-fault diagnosis for analog circuit. Firstly, the principle of the Slope Fault Model is presented, and the huge computation of traditional Slope Fault Characteristic set was reduced greatly by the elimination of superfluous features. Several typical tolerance handling methods on the ground of the Slope Fault Model were compared. Then, the approximating distribution function of the Slope Fault Characteristic was deduced and sufficient conditions were given to improve the approximation accuracy. The monotonous and continuous mapping between Normal Quotient Distribution and standard normal distribution was proved. Thus the estimation formulas about the ranges of the Slope Fault Characteristic were deduced. After that, a new test-nodes selection algorithm based on the reduced Slope Fault Characteristic ranges set was designed. Finally, two numerical experiments were done to illustrate the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.
A DYNAMIC APPROACH FOR RATE ADAPTATION IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes with no fixed infrastructure. The abse nce of central authorization facility in dynamic and di stributed environment affects the optimal utilizati on of resources like, throughput, power and bandwidth. Rate adaptation is the key technique to optimize the resource throughput. Some recently proposed rate adaptations use Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) to suppress the collision effect by differentiating co llisions from channel errors. This study presents a methodology to detect the misbehavior of nodes in MANET and proposed the new dynamic algorithm for rate adaptation which in turn can improve the throu ghput. The proposed approach is implemented in the distributed stipulating architecture with core and access routers. This method does not require additi onal probing overhead incurred by RTS/CTS exchanges and may be practically deployed without change in firmware. The collision and channel error occurrenc e will be detected by core router and intimated to the access router to choose alternate route and retain the current rate for transmission. The extensive si mulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed m ethod by comparing with existing approaches.
Spatio-temporal Drought Characterization for the Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Drought occurrence in the upper Tana River basin in Kenya has impacted negatively on water resources, hydro-power generation and agricultural production within the basin. Although this is an important river basin in Kenya, there is limited research work that has been done to assess and characterize drought to provide feasible mitigation measures and /or coping mechanics for water resources management. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to assess the spatio-temporal drought characteristics within the upper Tana River basin based on precipitation data for 41 years for eight gauging stations within the basin. The Kriging interpolation technique was applied to estimate spatially drought occurrence within the basin while the non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test was used for trend detection. Results show that the south-eastern parts of the basin exhibit the highest drought severities while the north-western parts have the lowest drought values with averages of 2.140 and 4.065, and 2.542 and 4.812 in 1970 and 2010 respectively. The areal-extend of drought severities in both the south-eastern and north-western areas increased from 4868.7 km2 to 6880 km2, and 6163.9 km2 to 6985.5 km2 from 1970 to 2010 respectively. The drought trend increased in the south-eastern parts of the basin at 90% and 95% significant levels while no significant trend was detected in the north-western areas. The results presented in this paper are useful in formulating a drought early warning system that can be used to assist water resources managers in developing timely mitigation measures in planning and managing water resources within the basin.
A Comparative Study on Adolescent-Parent Relationship among Boys and Girls in a Rural Setting

Abstract The present study was aimed to study the relationship of adolescent boys and girls from district Anantnag of Kashmir valley with their mothers and fathers. To gather information on a sample of 40 male and 40 female respondents, Parent-Child relationship Scale developed by Nalini Rao (1989) was used. The results reveal that a highly significant difference was observed between the use of symbolic punishment, rejecting, loving dimension and gender of the child while no significant difference was found when protecting dimension was compared to the gender of the adolescent.
Limits on the morphogenetic role of rain splash transport in hillslope evolution

An experimentally parameterized equation for rain splash transport was generalized in order to compute annual sediment transport rates for a range of climates. The resulting equation was then used to examine the conditions under which rain splash transport can play a significant morphogenetic role in water‐eroded landscapes. Rain splash can generate convex hillslopes on short, steep hillslopes such as the margins of gullies in unconsolidated sediments. However, comparison of predicted profiles with long, convex hillslopes in postorogenic landscapes indicates that rain splash cannot transport sufficient quantities of sediment to produce the observed convex hillslope profiles. Rates of biogenic transport estimated from the literature also appear to be insufficient. Sheetwash transport appears to be the only process capable of molding these extensive convex hillslope profiles despite the common assumption that it generates exclusively concave forms.
Flare occurrence and the spatial distribution of the magnetic helicity flux

Context. The accumulation of magnetic helicity via emergence of new magnetic flux and/or shearing photospheric motions is considered an important tool for understanding the processes that lead to eruptive phenomena. Aims. We highlight a specific aspect of the magnetic helicity accumulation, providing new observational evidence of the role played by the interaction of magnetic field systems that are characterized by opposite signs of the magnetic helicity flux in triggering solar eruptions. Methods. The amount of magnetic helicity injected into the corona through the photosphere in a sample of active regions (ARs) during their passage across the solar disk was measured by inferring the apparent motion of photospheric footpoints of magnetic field lines from a time series of MDI full-disk line-of-sight magnetograms. The temporal variation of the maps of magnetic helicity flux was analysed by measuring the fragmentation of the patches that are characterized by the flux of magnetic helicity. The temporal correlation between the number of these patches and the flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) occurrence has also been studied. Results. The fragmentation of the patches singled out in the maps of the magnetic helicity flux provides a useful indication of the evolution of the AR complexity. The more fragmented the maps of the magnetic helicity flux are, the higher is the flare and CME frequency. Moreover, most of the events occur for low values (~3 ÷ 17) of the difference of the number of patches with opposite signs of magnetic helicity flux. Conclusions. These results indicate that not only the accumulation of magnetic helicity in the corona, but also its positive and negative fragmentation and distribution should be taken into account to provide a more confident indication of AR complexity and flare/CME productivity. In particular, the interaction of magnetic systems characterized by opposite sign of magnetic helicity flux may be responsible for many observed eruptions.
Measuring size evolution of distant, faint galaxies in the radio regime

We measure the evolution of sizes for star-forming galaxies as seen in 1.4 GHz continuum radio for z = 0-3. The measurements are based on combined VLA+MERLIN data of the Hubble Deep Field, and using a uv-stacking algorithm combined with model fitting to estimate the average sizes of galaxies. A sample of similar to 1000 star-forming galaxies is selected from optical and near-infrared catalogues, with stellar masses Me-circle dot approximate to 10(10)-10(11) M-circle dot and photometric redshifts 0-3. The median sizes are parametrized for stellar mass M-* = 5 x 10(10) M-circle dot as R-e = A x (H(z)/H(1.5))(alpha z). We find that the median radio sizes evolve towards larger sizes at later times with alpha(z) = 1.1 +/- 0.6, and A (the median size at z approximate to 1.5) is found to be 0 ''. 26 +/- 0 ''. 07 or 2.3 +/- 0.6 kpc. The measured radio sizes are typically a factor of 2 smaller than those measure in the optical, and are also smaller than the typical H alpha sizes in the literature. This indicates that star formation, as traced by the radio continuum, is typically concentrated towards the centre of galaxies, for the sampled redshift range. Furthermore, the discrepancy of measured sizes from different tracers of star formation, indicates the need for models of size evolution to adopt a multiwavelength approach in the measurement of the sizes star-forming regions.
Feeding ecology of silver hake larvae on the Western Bank, Scotian shelf, and comparison with Atlantic cod

The feeding ecology of the larvae of silver hake Merluccius bilinearis was examined during two time periods (October 1998 and December 1992) on the Western Bank, Scotian Shelf, north-west Atlantic, and compared with the feeding ecology of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae collected in the same samples in December 1992. During both time periods silver hake exhibited strong selection for late stage copepodids and adult copepods at a small size (>3·5 mm total length, LT). The niche width measured as the diet breadth index (IDB) of silver hake declined rapidly as they increased in size and remained relatively constant from 3 to 11 mm LT, during each time period. Atlantic cod larvae exhibited a broader niche width that was curvilinear over the same LT. Atlantic cod were also less selective than silver hake, incorporating both naupliar and early stage copepodids in their diets throughout the length classes examined. Simple isometric relationships did not explain the differences in diet, as Atlantic cod larvae continued to feed on early stages of copepods at large size, while silver hake larvae quickly switched to large prey items. The strong selection and narrow IDB observed for silver hake probably reflects adaptation to spawning during the periods between major secondary production peaks in temperate waters.
Item response theory: A basic concept

With the development in computing technology, item response theory (IRT) develops rapidly, and has become a user friendly application in psychometrics world. Limitation in classical theory is one aspect that encourages the use of IRT. In this study, the basic concept of IRT will be discussed. In addition, it will briefly review the ability parameter estimation, particularly maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and expected a posteriori (EAP). This review aims to describe the fundamental understanding of IRT, MLE and EAP which likely facilitates evaluators in the psychometrics to recognize the characteristics of test participants. Key words: Expected A Posteriori, Item Response Theory, Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Shortcomings of the isolated abyssal reservoir model for deglacial radiocarbon changes in the mid‐depth Indo‐Pacific Ocean

Severely negative Δ14C anomalies from the mid‐depth Pacific and the Arabian Sea have been taken as support for the hypothesized deglacial release of a previously isolated, extremely 14C‐deplete deep ocean carbon reservoir. We report box model simulations that cast doubt on both the existence of the hypothesized deep reservoir and its ability to explain the mid‐depth Δ14C anomalies. First, the degree of ice age isolation needed to substantially reduce the deep Δ14C of the deep reservoir causes anoxia and the trapping of alkalinity from CaCO3 dissolution, the latter increasing atmospheric CO2. Second, even with a completely 14C‐free deep reservoir, achieving the mid‐depth Δ14C anomalies of observed duration requires ad hoc stifling of aspects of deep circulation to prevent rapid dissipation of the anomalous 14C‐free carbon to the rest of the ocean and the atmosphere. We suggest that the mid‐depth anomalies do not record basin‐scale Δ14C changes but are instead local phenomena.
The Export Performance of Multi-product Firms facing Asian Competition in Foreign Markets

This paper assesses the impact of Asian competition on the export performance of multi-product firms. Using a unique data set that includes for all Belgian manufacturing firms the bilateral export flows of all products to all export destinations for the 1998-2006 period, we estimate the impact of Asian competition on the export intensity and export variety of Belgian firms. In addition we study the impact of several destination market and firm-level characteristics. Similarly, strategies of Belgian exporting companies to cope with Asian companies are analyzed. Our findings indicate that the impact of Asian competition on Belgian multi-product exporters is substantial. The effects differ, however, across manufacturing sectors and destination markets. Moreover it appears that various Asian countries affect Belgium’s international competitiveness differently. Finally, firm-level variety expansion and quality upgrading may be appropriate strategies to cope with Asian competition in foreign markets.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Postural Assessment among “Canting” Batik Workers

This paper presents a study in batik industry with the objective of determining any musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among canting batik workers in Kuala Terengganu. The MSDs symptoms were identified through questionnaires modified from a Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) and from observational techniques by using a postural analysis tool, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The results of questionnaires revealed that MSDs occurred at a high rate which the highest rates of MSDs prevalence were reported in shoulders (64.5%). By assessing postural using the REBA software, the score 4 placed it in medium risk level. However, there are other factors contribute to the existence of MSD such as prolong standing, repetitive movement and poor workstation design. These parameters are not taken into account in the RULA and REBA analysis. Thus, designing an ergonomic workstation may prevent awkward postures to provide a maximum comfort to the batik workers and consequently enhance the productivity. Keywords : batik, posture, musculoskeletal disorders, RULA,REBA
What makes you "super-rich"? New evidence from an analysis of football players' earnings

This article investigates the influence of performance, popularity and power on "superearnings" using a unique panel dataset of Italian football players built on various sources of data. Using OLS, Panel and Unconditional Quantile regression techniques, we find that detailed measures of these factors are all significantly associated with higher wages. Popularity dominates all the other factors at the right tail of earnings distribution and the agent's power contributes mostly to allocate players in richer teams. These new findings challenge the interpretations of super-earnings based only on very talented workers who "win and take all".
Protocol Patterns and Predictors of Adherence to Statin Therapy Among Older Patients : Protocol for a Systematic Review

Background: The benefits of statin therapy are significantly compromised by noncompliance. Although elderly patients may have particular challenges with medication adherence and persistence, previous reviews on statin adherence have not focused on this population. Additionally, comparisons of adherence and persistence specific to statin indication (primary or secondary prevention) have not been thoroughly explored. Objective: We aim to assess the extent of, and factors associated with, adherence and persistence to statin therapy among older populations (aged ≥65 years). Methods: A systematic review will be undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Searches will be performed using multiple electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database) to identify relevant randomized trials and observational studies that evaluated statin adherence and/or persistence as an outcome. Eligible studies will include those involving community-living or outpatient elderly individuals. The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be assessed via the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklist for RCTs, and the quality assessment of observational studies will be undertaken using a set of questions formulated with resort to the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. When possible, meta-analyses will be conducted using random-effect modeling and generic inverse variance analyses for adjusted-effect estimates. Heterogeneity across studies will be quantified using the I2 statistic. The presence of publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis will also be conducted to assess the impact of individual study results on pooled estimates. To explore possible sources of heterogeneity across studies, subgroup analyses will be performed based on covariates such as study design, statin indication, country of study, and length of patient follow-up. Results: The electronic database searches were completed in December 2016. Retrieved articles are currently being screened and the entire study is expected to be completed by June 2017. Conclusions: This systematic review will provide further understanding of the patterns of, and barriers to, statin adherence and persistence among older patients. The findings will inform clinical practice and the design of appropriate interventions. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016053191 JMIR Res Protoc 2017 | vol. 6 | iss. 3 | e39 | p.1 http://www.researchprotocols. org/2017/3/e39/ (page number not for citation purposes) Ofori-Asenso et al JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
Estimation of insulin sensitivity from continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump data in type 1 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia either due to a lack of secretion of the hormone insulin (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, T1DM) or due to impaired action of this hormone (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T2DM). Due to its shortand long-term complications, it is currently one of the major health problems of the economically developed countries and at the same time, one of the first items of healthcare spending. Diabetic patients therefore need regular blood glucose monitoring associated with adequate insulin therapy whose goal is to keep glucose concentration within the normal safe range (70  180 mg/dl), trying to limit excursions in hypoglycemic (20  70 mg/dl), due to shortterm complications, and hyperglycemic range (180  600 mg/dl), due to long-term complications. In order to optimize insulin therapy, and then assess the correct amount of insulin to be administered to the patient, it is necessary to know its insulin sensitivity (SI), i.e. the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization and inhibit its production, specific for each individual and changing during the day. The aim of this thesis is to estimate an index of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1diabetes by using a recently proposed technique which exploits minimally invasive technologies used by diabetic patients for control therapy. This parameter will be estimated in correspondence of meals over the whole day and, in order to be able to estimate the index of insulin sensitivity even in the presence of meals close, a tool for the estimation of carbohydrates absorbed during the meal (Carbohydrates On Board, COB) will be proposed. In Chapter 1 the glucose-insulin regulatory system, diabetes and its complications, conventional therapy for its control and indices of insulin sensitivity in literature are introduced. In Chapter 2 the experimental protocols applied to the patients and the data available data are presented. In Chapter 3 the recently proposed method for the estimation of SI using minimally invasive technologies and the COB function for the estimation of carbohydrates absorbed during the meal are presented.
Topic Modeling And Recommendation Generation Using Bag Of Discriminative Words (BoDW)

In the topic analysis Bag of word is important technique. The important words present in a document, either represents a fact or sentiment related to the topic. The fact represents the objective labels and sentiment represents the subjective labels. The meaning of word varies with respect to the topic. Every word in a document does not have equal degree to represent a topic. The subjective and/or objective degree of a discriminative word varies with respect to the topic. The system extracts bag of discriminative words from a document based on objective and subjective selection of variables. The LDA and regression techniques are used to filter the discriminative words in a document. Based on objective and subjective analysis recommendations are generated by analyzing subjective score with respect to the user query.