Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Peritumoral Tissue Using Free Water Elimination in Clinical DTI Characterizing Peritumoral Tissue Using Free Water Elimination in Clinical DTI

Finding an accurate microstructural characterization of the peritumoral region is essential to distinguish between edema and infiltration, enabling the distinction between tumor types, and to improve tractography in this region. Characterization of healthy versus pathological tissue is a key concern when modeling tissue microstructure in the peritumoral area, which is muddled by the presence of free water (e.g., edema). Although diffusion MRI (dMRI) is being used to obtain the microstructural characterization of tissue, most methods are based on advanced dMRI acquisition schemes that are infeasible in the clinical environment, which predominantly uses diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and are mostly for healthy tissue. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for microstructural characterization of peritumoral tissue, that involves multi-compartment modeling and a robust free water elimination (FWE) method to improve the estimation of free water in both healthy and pathological tissue. As FWE requires the fitting of two compartments, it is an ill-posed problem in DTI acquisitions. Solving this problem requires an optimization routine, which in turn relies on an initialization step for finding a solution, which we optimally choose to model the presence of edema and infiltration unlike existing schemes. We have validated the method extensively on simulated data, and applied it to data from brain tumor patients to demonstrate the improvement in tractography in the peritumoral region, which is important for surgical planning.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

This paper describes an empirical study of the information content of daily share prices and American put and call option mid-quotes about their generating process. Considering stock return and its volatility as the risk factors and without parameterizing their historical joint dynamics, two results are empirically obtained. First, share prices and option mid-quotes are both necessary to identify at the same time the discount for uncertain stock return and return variance in the asset price formation. Second, constraining the nonparametric estimation procedure of the historical joint dynamics of the risk factors to satisfy an arbitrage-free pricing model is useful to get more stable estimates over time. As an illustration, time series of different estimates of historical conditional correlation of the risk factors, Sharpe ratio of an investment on the stock, return skewness and kurtosis are reported.
Second order all speed method for the isentropic Euler equations

Standard hyperbolic solvers for the compressible Euler equations cause increasing approximation errors and have severe stability requirement in the low Mach number regime. It is desired to design numerical schemes that are suitable for all Mach numbers. A second order in both space and time all speed method is developed in this paper, which is an improvement of the semi-implicit framework proposed in [5]. The second order time discretization is based on second order Runge-Kutta method combined with Crank-Nicolson with some implicit terms. This semi-discrete framework is crucial to obtain second order convergence, as well as maintain the asymptotic preserving (AP) property. The AP property indicates that the right limit can be captured in the low Mach number regime. For the space discretization, the pressure term in the momentum equation is divided into two parts. Two subsystems are formed correspondingly, each using different space discretizations. One is discretized by Kurganov-Tadmor central scheme (KT), while the other one is reformulated into an elliptic equation. The proper subsystem division varies with time and the scheme becomes explicit when the time step is small enough. Compared with previous semi-implicit method, this framework is simpler and natural, with only two linear elliptic equations needed to be solved for each time step. It maintains the AP property of the first order method in [5], improves accuracy and reduces the diffusivity significantly.
Spectral action with zeta function regularization

In this paper we propose a novel definition of the bosonic spectral action using zeta function regularization, in order to address the issues of renormalizability and spectral dimensions. We compare the zeta spectral action with the usual (cutoff-based) spectral action and discuss its origin and predictive power, stressing the importance of the issue of the three dimensionful fundamental constants, namely the cosmological constant, the Higgs vacuum expectation value, and the gravitational constant. We emphasize the fundamental role of the neutrino Majorana mass term for the structure of the bosonic action.
Processing and Characterization of Alumina/ Chromium Carbide Ceramic Nanocomposite

Materials with nano-scale components as reinforcement phase are adding new dimensions to composite materials, thereby fascilating major improvement in functional and structural properties. Ceramic nanocomposites are the blends of different ceramic matrices with nanometer sized functional particles. The advantages of these nanocomposites include: improved mechanical properties, surface properties, decreased permeability to gases, water and hydrocarbons, higher thermal stability and heat distortion temperature, higher chemical resistance, smoother surface appearance and higher thermal conductivity. The incorporation of only a few percent of nano-sized particles makes great property changes and formerly unachievable property combinations possible. The ceramic nanocomposites can be devided into into three types; intragranular composite, intergranular composite and nano/nano composite (Niihara, 1991) according to their microstructures. In intra and intergranular nano-composite, the nano-sized particles are dispersed mainly within the matrix grains or at the grain boundaries of the matrix, respectively. The aim of these composites is to improve the mechanical properties such as hardness, facture strength, toughness and also high temperature mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, creep and fatigue facture resistances. On the other hand, nano/nano composites are composed of the dispersoids and matrix grains within the nanometer size. The primary purpose of this type of nano-composite is to add new functions such as machinability and super plasticity like metals to ceramics.
Territory Behavior, Copulation and Oviposition in brachythemis contaminate odonata: Libellulidae

The present investigation explains the reproductive behavior i.e. territory, copulation and oviposition for Brachythemis contaminata which was carried out for a year between June 2013 to April 2014. The male plays significant role in mating as competing for fertilization by attracting females, but in odonates female also actively involving as taking mating decision, male selection and activities during tandem formation. Territory of mating male is well marked of about 2 to 3 meter in diameter and is at the same place of oviposition. Male prefer territory attachment as strategies of mutual avoidance which reduces energy spent in inter-male fight. Male-females are generally in group with high male ratio till evening and male become more careful and aggressive in evening for his territory. When receptive female visits to mate in male’s territory she chooses the fittest male for mating. Male shows aggressiveness, wing vibration, abdominal display, chasing to competitor are the main events use for mating strategies. Copulation takes place in air for only few seconds and mating success for territorial male is high.
More knowledge with the same amount of data: advantage of accounting for parameter correlations in hierarchical meta-analyses

In fisheries stock assessment, the amount of information available from a specific stock is often limited, and the resources to gather new data can be insufficient. This is especially the case when management advice is required for by-catch species which are not always well monitored. However, information is often available from other stocks of the same or closely related species. Also, potential correlations between the life history parameters may contain information which is not usually taken into account in stock assessments. Utilizing all available information can be a cost-efficient way to diminish the amount of uncertainty about key parameters for a case with limited data or when constructing an informative prior for a new case study. In hierarchical modeling, different hierarchical levels can be used to connect closely related and more distant stocks. For example, a lower level of hierarchy can link the stocks within the same species, and a higher level, stocks of related species. We use length-weight and length-fecundity datasets from the FishBase database. Using these datasets, we demonstrate how Bayesian hierarchical correla- tion analysis can improve understanding of fecundity and formalize available knowledge about length-weight and length-fecundity relationships in terms of informative priors for future analysis.
An objective quality metric for panoramic videos

The creation of high quality panoramic videos for immersive VR content is commonly done using a rig with multiple cameras covering the required scene. Unfortunately, this setup introduces both spatial and temporal artifacts due to the difference in optical centers as well as the imperfect synchronization between them. Therefore, designing quality metrics to assess those videos is becoming increasingly important. Using traditional image quality metrics is not directly applicable due to the lack of a reference image. In addition, such metrics do not capture the geometric nature of such deformations. In this paper, we present a quality metric for panoramic video frames which works by computing pair-wise quality maps prior to blending and fusing them to obtain a global map of potential errors. Our metric is based on an existing one designed for novel view synthesized image, which is a similar problem to image stitching. Results show that applying this quality metric offers a practical way to assess panoramic video frames which do not have a reference. It also consolidates the similarity of the artifacts produced from novel view synthesis algorithms and those produced in the process of image and video stitching.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BULGARIAN PEPPERMINT OILS

Chemical composition of historical peppermint oil sample (more than 50 years old) and four fresh oils obtained from three confirmed Bulgarian cultivars “Kliment – 63”, “Sofia 35-A” and “Zefir” and newly selected variety from local population was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Chemical composition of Bulgarian peppermint oils corresponded to all criteria stated in ISO 856:2006 and the main components were menthol (35.2 – 46.2%) and menthone (8.7 – 25.9%). Antimicrobial activity of the studied peppermint oil samples was evaluated against pathogenic and provisionally pathogenic bacteria. All of the tested peppermint oils demonstrated higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weaker against Gram-negative bacteria. Historical peppermint oil sample was absolutely comparable and even exceeded the studied fresh peppermint oil samples according to its chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and odor characteristics.
Using color shading for pineapple ripeness classification

This paper proposes a pineapple ripeness classification in the manufacturing process based on color shading. The pineapple image that is captured in RGB format then converts to HSI format and it is manually segmented. The segmented image is passed to the feature extraction in order to classify the color shade of the pineapple. Mean intensity saturation component of the pineapple color, which is a part of HSI system, is considered as a classifier the pineapple ripeness level. The proposed method then performed testing on the pineapple samples and it can separate the ripeness into 3 levels. Finally, performing the test with pineapple slices and it is found that proposed method can separate the ripeness level of pineapple as same as human does in some degree. INTRODUCTION Currently, the use of machine vision system has increasingly used in the agriculture industry particularly in food processing [1] in order to increase the quality of their products while reducing waste and manual labor costs. Color is a significant quality that applies as a criterion in several applications such as fruit [1] and beef [2] grading. Also in the canned pineapple process, the color is used as a key to classify the sliced pineapples before filling into cans in which the slices need to have similar shade of the yellow color. Manual labors are employed to do this repetitive task which involves dozens of people. Color shade of the pineapple is used for classifying by human color perception. Consequently, the automated system which involves identifying a specific shade of a color in an image is required for this task. Digital camera is employed as a sensor of the machine vision system. There are two main sensor technologies: charge coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) [3] are used in the digital cameras. Both of them, however, capture red, green, and blue (RGB) values of an image. As the colors processing in RGB space, only the differences between colors can be determined but it is not easy to separated shades of the same color [4]. Due to the pineapple have the same color but difference shades therefore the RGB space is unable to do this task. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of digital image processing to measure the color shades of the pineapple slices in order to separate the ripeness level of pineapple. COLOR MODELS AND CONVERSION In this section, two color models: RGB and HIS (hue, saturate, intensity) models are explained and discussed. Gonzalez et al. [5] described that “RGB color model is based on a Cartesian coordinate system in which each color appears in its primary spectral components of red, green and blue. The color subspace of interest is in the cube shown in Figure 1 (a). The RGB values are at the three corners; cyan, magenta and yellow are at three other corners. Black is at the original and white is at O B 14
The Anatomy of Dryptosaurus aquilunguis (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and a Review of Its Tyrannosauroid Affinities

ABSTRACT Although among the first theropod dinosaurs known to science, and an iconic taxon in the history of dinosaur paleontology, the large carnivore Dryptosaurus aquilunguis from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey remains poorly understood. Its anatomy has been described only in brief and its phylogenetic relationships have long been the subject of debate, although recent work proposes Dryptosaurus as a member of the tyrannosauroid clade. Here we present a thorough osteological description of the holotype of Dryptosaurus aquilunguis, supplemented with photographs of all the material, and provide extensive comparisons with other theropods, especially tyrannosauroids. In concert with recent phylogenetic analyses, our description confirms the tyrannosauroid affinities of Dryptosaurus and supports its placement as an “intermediate” taxon bracketed between small, basal forms (e.g., Guanlong, Dilong) and the derived, Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids (e.g., Albertosaurus, Tyrannosaurus). We identify several autapomorphies of Dryptosaurus, including the combination of a reduced humerus and an enlarged hand. These forelimb proportions, which differ from the uniformly large arms of basal tyrannosauroids and uniformly atrophied arms of tyrannosaurids, suggest that forelimb reduction in tyrannosauroids may not have proceeded in a uniform fashion. Functionally, Dryptosaurus may have used both its skull and arms as weapons for prey acquisition and processing.
Transillumination imaging through biological tissue by single-pixel detection

One challenge that has long held the attention of scientists is that of clearly seeing objects hidden by turbid media, as smoke, fog or biological tissue, which has major implications in fields such as remote sensing or early diagnosis of diseases. Here, we combine structured incoherent illumination and bucket detection for imaging an absorbing object completely embedded in a scattering medium. A sequence of low-intensity microstructured light patterns is launched onto the object, whose image is accurately reconstructed through the light fluctuations measured by a single-pixel detector. Our technique is noninvasive, does not require coherent sources, raster scanning nor time-gated detection and benefits from the compressive sensing strategy. As a proof of concept, we experimentally retrieve the image of a transilluminated target both sandwiched between two holographic diffusers and embedded in a 6mm-thick sample of chicken breast.
Solute transport in low‐heterogeneity sandboxes: The role of correlation length and permeability variance

This work examines how heterogeneity structure, in particular correlation length, controls flow and solute transport. We used two‐dimensional (2D) sandboxes (21.9 cm × 20.6 cm) and four modeling approaches, including 2D Advection‐Dispersion Equation (ADE) with explicit heterogeneity structure, 1D ADE with average properties, and nonlocal Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) and fractional ADE (fADE). The goal is to answer two questions: (1) how and to what extent does correlation length control effective permeability and breakthrough curves (BTC)? (2) Which model can best reproduce data under what conditions? Sandboxes were packed with the same 20% (v/v) fine and 80% (v/v) coarse sands in three patterns that differ in correlation length. The Mixed cases contain uniformly distributed fine and coarse grains. The Four‐zone and One‐zone cases have four and one square fine zones, respectively. A total of seven experiments were carried out with permeability variance of 0.10 (LC), 0.22 (MC), and 0.43 (HC). Experimental data show that the BTC curves depend strongly on correlation length, especially in the HC cases. The HC One‐zone (HCO) case shows distinct breakthrough steps arising from fast advection in the coarse zone, slow advection in the fine zone, and slow diffusion, while the LCO and MCO BTCs do not exhibit such behavior. With explicit representation of heterogeneity structure, 2D ADE reproduces BTCs well in all cases. CTRW reproduces temporal moments with smaller deviation from data than fADE in all cases except HCO, where fADE has the lowest deviation.
Comparison of three quick methods to estimate crab size in the land crabs Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825 and Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae and Ucididae)

Quick, reliable and non destructive methods are necessary to estimate size structure on commercial land crabs, in order to acquire relevant information concerning the health of their populations. Cardisoma guan- humi and Ucides cordatus are two land crabs that are exploited at a high scale and also in an artisan way in the Caribbean area and in the coasts of Brazil, which populations are endangered due to uncontrolled exploitation. The purpose of this work is to provide various methods to estimate indirectly crab body size. Sampling was carried out in Carenero (C. guanhumi) and Cumana (U. cordatus) (Venezuela). For each species, three methods were used to measure burrow diameter (Vernier, internal spring caliper and photograph), and these were corre- lated with real body size of the crabs. Model II linear regression analyzes, i.e. Ordinary Least Squares and Mayor Axis, were used to build and test the performance of forecasting models. Cardisoma guanhumi showed a high bivariate data dispersion using Vernier and photo measuring methods, increasing these towards larger animals. Less dispersion was achieved with the spring caliper method; this resulted in the most accurate measurements of indirectly estimated body size in C. guanhumi (r2= 0.61), whereas Vernier measurements were the least pre- cise. On the other hand, all three methods gave reliable estimates for U. cordatus, being the Vernier method the most accurate (r2= 0.71). However, in both species, all forecasting equations overestimated the size of smaller crabs (those below the mean) but underestimated the size of larger crabs. Nevertheless, all three methods were statistically significant for each of the species, and looking at the above mentioned under- and overestimations, they can serve as reliable and fast non-destructive tools to be used by resource managers and field biologists to acquire size structure information concerning these two species. Vernier and internal spring caliper methods are recommended for relative small sampling areas, while photo method is suggested to be used in very extensive sampling regions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 1): 139-149. Epub 2012 March 01.
Use of multiagents system for simulation in systems biology

Since emergence of molecular biology, one has improved knowledge about intracellular network controlling living cell. In parallel, advances in mathematic and computer science allow to simulate such complex phenomena. Moreover, most methods need a global resolution of the system which makes it difficult to be created and modified. We propose, in this study, a distributed approach by multiagent system, to simulate MAPK pathway. Moreover, we are able to integrate this model in an agent-cell to implement his behavior. We believe that multiagents systems are good candidates for systems biology simulation. We give in this study an example of” in virtuo” simulation, i.e. model perturbation during its execution.
Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 1991-1992

Chemical ozone loss in winter 1991–1992 is recalculated based on observations of the HALOE satellite instrument, Version 19, ER-2 aircraft measurements and balloon data. HALOE satellite observations are shown to be reliable in the lower stratosphere below 400 K, at altitudes where the measurements are most likely disturbed by the enhanced sulfate aerosol loading, as a result of the Mt.~Pinatubo eruption in June 1991. Significant chemical ozone loss (13–17 DU) is observed below 380 K from Kiruna balloon observations and HALOE satellite data between December 1991 and March 1992. For the two winters after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, HALOE satellite observations show a stronger extent of chemical ozone loss towards lower altitudes compared to other Arctic winters between 1991 and 2003. In spite of already occurring deactivation of chlorine in March 1992, MIPAS-B and LPMA balloon observations indicate that chlorine was still activated at lower altitudes, consistent with observed chemical ozone loss occurring between February and March and April. Large chemical ozone loss of more than 70 DU in the Arctic winter 1991–1992 as calculated in earlier studies is corroborated here.
The occurrence and effectiveness of deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill in the pre-antipsychotic era

iv Introduction 1 The history of family care 1 The history of outpatient clinic care 5 The introduction of antipsychotics 11 The nature of pre-antipsychotic deinstitutionalization 13 Statement of Problem and Hypotheses 17 Method 20 Results 25 Discussion 33 Conclusion 43 References 44 Vita 49