Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gallbladder cholesterolosis: An aetiological factor in acute pancreatitis of uncertain origin

To investigate the possible relationship between gallbladder cholesterolosis and acute pancreatitis, we studied 3797 cholecystectomy specimens and found 55 cases of gallbladder cholesterolosis unassociated with biliary lithiasis. From the reviewed case notes, 27 of these patients presented with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis which disappeared after cholecystectomy (follow‐up 65·1 months). A microscopic study revealed frank cholesterolosis in all cases with a pseudopolyp transformation of the mucosa, some polyps reaching a diameter of 2 mm. We postulate that the mechanism could be temporary impaction of cholesterolosis polyps at the sphincter of Oddi and suggest that patients with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis and negative aetiological investigation must be considered as at high risk of having gallbladder cholesterolosis and that they could benefit from cholecystectomy.
Therapeutic delivery using cell-penetrating peptides

Abstract Intracellular delivery of promising therapeutic agents as well as nanocarriers presents a unique challenge. However, with the discovery of the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), overcoming this obstacle seems more plausible. In many cases, CPPs conjugated with therapeutic agent or therapeutic agent loaded-nanoparticles have shown promising results via increased cellular uptake. In this review, the current status of CPPs for the intracellular delivery of not just potential therapeutic small molecules but also large molecules like peptides, nucleic acids and nanocarriers is discussed. In addition, the design of ‘smart stimuli-sensitive nanocarrier’ to overcome the non-target-specificity of CPPs is also described.
Controls of the quantum yield and saturation light of isoprene emission in different-aged aspen leaves.

Leaf age alters the balance between the use of end-product of plastidic isoprenoid synthesis pathway, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), in prenyltransferase reactions leading to synthesis of pigments of photosynthetic machinery and in isoprene synthesis, but the implications of such changes on environmental responses of isoprene emission have not been studied. Because under light-limited conditions, isoprene emission rate is controlled by DMADP pool size (SDMADP ), shifts in the share of different processes are expected to particularly strongly alter the light dependency of isoprene emission. We examined light responses of isoprene emission in young fully expanded, mature and old non-senescent leaves of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) and estimated in vivo SDMADP and isoprene synthase activity from post-illumination isoprene release. Isoprene emission capacity was 1.5-fold larger in mature than in young and old leaves. The initial quantum yield of isoprene emission (αI ) increased by 2.5-fold with increasing leaf age primarily as the result of increasing SDMADP . The saturating light intensity (QI90 ) decreased by 2.3-fold with increasing leaf age, and this mainly reflected limited light-dependent increase of SDMADP possibly due to feedback inhibition by DMADP. These major age-dependent changes in the shape of the light response need consideration in modelling canopy isoprene emission.
The impact of healthy lifestyle interventions on mental health and wellbeing: a systematic review

Purpose – There is growing evidence that health behaviour change interventions are associated with mental health and wellbeing improvements. This paper aims to examine the effect of healthy lifestyle interventions on mental wellbeing. Design/methodology/approach – Six databases (Medline, Evidence Based Medicine Cochrane Registered Controlled Trials, Evidence Based Medicine Full Text Reviews, British Nursing Index, Embase, PsycINFO) were searched from database commencement up to April 2013. A broad focus on lifestyle interventions and mental health and wellbeing outcomes was chosen. Papers were systematically extracted by title then abstract according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: any individual population (non-couple/family); any health behaviour change interventions; mental health and wellbeing outcomes; and a one-two level of evidence. Interventions aimed at workers were excluded, as were articles assessing cognitive functioning rather than mental health or wellbein.
Photosynthetic responses to chilling in a chilling-tolerant and chilling-sensitive Miscanthus hybrid.

Miscanthus is a C4 perennial grass being developed for bioenergy production in temperate regions where chilling events are common. To evaluate chilling effects on Miscanthus, we assessed the processes controlling net CO2 assimilation rate (A) in Miscanthus x giganteus (M161) and a chilling-sensitive Miscanthus hybrid (M115) before and after a chilling treatment of 12/5 °C. The temperature response of A and maximum Rubisco activity in vitro were identical below 20 °C in chilled and unchilled M161, demonstrating Rubisco capacity limits or co-limits A at cooler temperatures. By contrast, A in M115 decreased at all measurement temperatures after growth at 12/5 °C. Rubisco activity in vitro declined in proportion to the reduction in A in chilled M115 plants, indicating Rubisco capacity is responsible in part for the decline in A. Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase activities were also reduced by the chilling treatment when assayed at 28 °C, indicating this enzyme may also contribute to the reduction in A in M115. The maximum extractable activities of PEPCase and NADP-ME remained largely unchanged after chilling. The carboxylation efficiency of the C4 cycle was depressed in both genotypes to a similar extent after chilling. ΦP :ΦCO2 remained unchanged in both genotypes indicating the C3 and C4 cycles decline equivalently upon chilling.
The Vermont Oxford Network: Improving Quality and Safety Through Multidisciplinary Collaboration

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the topics of study of the Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaboratives. 2. List the four key habits of clinical improvement. “The nation’s health care system lacks… the capabilities to ensure that services are safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient and equitable… Between the health care we have and the care we could have, lies not just a gap but a chasm. ” IOM 2001 (1) “More people die in a given year as a result of medical errors than from motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS. ” IOM 2000 (2) In 2000 and 2001, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences issued two landmark reports that presented a clear and compelling challenge to all health care professionals. (1)(2) We must improve the quality and safety of the medical care for the patients and families that we serve. In this article, we describe the Vermont Oxford Network (VON) and the quality improvement (QI) activities it has undertaken to meet this challenge. The VON is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to improve the quality and safety of medical care for newborns and their families through a coordinated program of research, education, and quality improvement. (3)(4) VON currently has more than 440 member neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from North America and around the world. Members participate in a range of Network activities, including randomized controlled trials, outcomes research, and a variety of QI projects. The focus of this article is QI. Descriptions and references for other VON activities are available on the VON Internet site (http://www.vtoxford.org). In support of its mission, VON maintains a database that includes information about the treatment and outcomes for high-risk infants receiving neonatal intensive care. Importantly, all …
Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families

The saimie paper suggests how susceptible individuals could reduce their total intake of aluminium. In presenting the cpidemiological evidence for a link betveen aluminium and Alzheimcr's, Nart'n suggests that although definite proof is still lacking, there is more than enough positixe evidence to fuel further epidemiological investigation. It states that such investigations might specificallx address the issue of the confounding cffect of silicon and an assessment of exposure to spccific
Quantifying pearl millet response to high temperature stress: thresholds, sensitive stages, genetic variability and relative sensitivity of pollen and pistil.

The objectives were to (1) quantify high temperature (HT) stress impacts at different growth stages (season long, booting to seed-set and booting to maturity) on various yield components; (2) identify the most sensitive stage(s) to short episodes of HT stress during reproductive development; (3) understand the genetic variations for HT stress tolerance based on cardinal temperatures for pollen germination; and (4) determine relative sensitivity of pollen and pistil to HT stress and associated tolerance or susceptible mechanisms in pearl millet. High temperature stress (≥36/26°C) imposed at different stages and durations caused decrease in number of seeds, individual seed weight and seed yield. Two periods (10-12 days and 2-0 days before anthesis) were identified as most sensitive to short episodes of stress, causing maximum decreases in pollen germination percentage and seeds numbers. HT stresses of ≥36/26°C results in floret sterility. Pistils were relatively more sensitive than pollen grains, causing decreased number of seeds and seed yield. HT stress increased the reactive oxygen species contents and decreased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in both pollen and pistils. Under HT stress, pistils had relatively higher reactive oxygen species and lower antioxidant enzymes activity compared with pollen grains, which explains greater susceptibility of pistils.
The redox state of the apoplast influences the acclimation of photosynthesis and leaf metabolism to changing irradiance

Abstract The redox state of the apoplast is largely determined by ascorbate oxidase (AO) activity. The influence of AO activity on leaf acclimation to changing irradiance was explored in wild‐type (WT) and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) lines containing either high [pumpkin AO (PAO)] or low [tobacco AO (TAO)] AO activity at low [low light (LL); 250 μmol m−2 s−1] and high [high light (HL); 1600 μmol m−2 s−1] irradiance and following the transition from HL to LL. AO activities changed over the photoperiod, particularly in the PAO plants. AO activity had little effect on leaf ascorbate, which was significantly higher under HL than under LL. Apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratios and threonate levels were modified by AO activity. Despite decreased levels of transcripts encoding ascorbate synthesis enzymes, leaf ascorbate increased over the first photoperiod following the transition from HL to LL, to much higher levels than LL‐grown plants. Photosynthesis rates were significantly higher in the TAO leaves than in WT or PAO plants grown under HL but not under LL. Sub‐sets of amino acids and fatty acids were lower in TAO and WT leaves than in the PAO plants under HL, and following the transition to LL. Light acclimation processes are therefore influenced by the apoplastic as well as chloroplastic redox state.
Under-reporting of drug use among individuals with schizophrenia: prevalence and predictors

Background Illicit drug use is common in individuals with schizophrenia, and it has been suspected that many individuals under-report their use of substances, leading to significant barriers to treatment. This study sought to examine the degree to which individuals with schizophrenia disclose their use of drugs on self-rated assessments, compared to laboratory assays, and to determine the contributors of under-reported drug use in this population. Method A total of 1042 individuals with schizophrenia who participated in screening/baseline procedures for the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) completed self-rated assessments of substance use and laboratory drug testing. Laboratory tests assayed cannabis, cocaine and methamphetamine use; the procedures included radioimmunoassay (RIA) and urine drug screens. Results A significant proportion of participants tested positive for drug use on laboratory measures (n = 397; 38%), and more than half (n = 229; 58%) did not report using these drugs. Logistic regression models confirmed that patients who were most likely to conceal their use tended to be older, and presented with greater neurocognitive deficits. Patients who accurately reported drug use tended to have greater involvement with the criminal justice system. Illness severity and psychopathology were not associated with whether patients disclosed drug use. Conclusions Rates of under-reported drug use are considerable among individuals with schizophrenia when compared to laboratory assays, and the exclusive reliance on self-rated assessments should be used with caution. Patients who under-report their drug use are more likely to manifest neurocognitive deficits, which could be improved by interventions attempting to optimize treatment.
A Text and Atlas of Integrated Colposcopy

Histology: A Text and Atlas 7th Edition PDF Free Download . Text and Atlas of Wound Diagnosis and Treatment, Second Edition delivers outstanding visual guidance and clear, step-bystep instruction on caring for patients with wounds. Utilizing more than 700 full-color illustrations and clear, concise text, this unique learning tool provides thorough easy-to-understand coverage of evidence-based concepts of would treatment.
Offspring psychopathology following preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal bereavement stress

Background Preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal stress is associated with increased offspring psychopathology, but findings are inconsistent and need replication. We estimated associations between maternal bereavement stress and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt and completed suicide. Method Using Swedish registers, we conducted the largest population-based study to date examining associations between stress exposure in 738 144 offspring born 1992–2000 for childhood outcomes and 2 155 221 offspring born 1973–1997 for adult outcomes with follow-up to 2009. Maternal stress was defined as death of a first-degree relative during (a) the 6 months before conception, (b) pregnancy or (c) the first two postnatal years. Cox proportional survival analyses were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Results Marginal increased risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia following preconception bereavement stress was not significant. Third-trimester prenatal stress increased the risk of ASD [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.17] and ADHD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.66). First postnatal year stress increased the risk of offspring suicide attempt (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25) and completed suicide (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.11). Bereavement stress during the second postnatal year increased the risk of ASD (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.55). Conclusions Further research is needed regarding associations between preconception stress and psychopathological outcomes. Prenatal bereavement stress increases the risk of offspring ASD and ADHD. Postnatal bereavement stress moderately increases the risk of offspring suicide attempt, completed suicide and ASD. Smaller previous studies may have overestimated associations between early stress and psychopathological outcomes.
Seasonal variability of the parameters of the Ball-Berry model of stomatal conductance in maize (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

The Ball-Berry (BB) model of stomatal conductance (gs ) is frequently coupled with a model of assimilation to estimate water and carbon exchanges in plant canopies. The empirical slope (m) and 'residual' gs (g0 ) parameters of the BB model influence transpiration estimates, but the time-intensive nature of measurement limits species-specific data on seasonal and stress responses. We measured m and g0 seasonally and under different water availability for maize and sunflower. The statistical method used to estimate parameters impacted values nominally when inter-plant variability was low, but had substantial impact with larger inter-plant variability. Values for maize (m = 4.53 ± 0.65; g0 = 0.017 ± 0.016 mol m-2 s-1 ) were 40% higher than other published values. In maize, we found no seasonal changes in m or g0 , supporting the use of constant seasonal values, but water stress reduced both parameters. In sunflower, inter-plant variability of m and g0 was large (m = 8.84 ± 3.77; g0 = 0.354 ± 0.226 mol m-2 s-1 ), presenting a challenge to clear interpretation of seasonal and water stress responses - m values were stable seasonally, even as g0 values trended downward, and m values trended downward with water stress while g0 values declined substantially.
Surgical decompression for notalgia paresthetica: A case report

Notalgia paresthetica is a rare nerve compression. From the Greek word noton, meaning “back,” and algia, meaning “pain,” “notalgia paresthetica” implies that symptoms of burning pain, itching, and/or numbness in the localized region between the spinous processes of T2 through T6 and the medial border of the scapula constitute a nerve compression syndrome. The compressed nerve is the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve. It is compressed by the paraspinous muscles and fascia against the transverse process of these spinal segments. This is the first report of symptomatic relief by decompression of this nerve. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Prevention of lymphatic injuries in surgery

The problem of prevention of lymphatic injuries in surgery is extremely important if we think about the frequency of both early complications such as lymphorrhea, lymphocele, wound dehiscence, and infections and late complications such as lymphangites and lymphedema. Nowadays, it is possible to identify risk patients and prevent these lesions or treat them at an early stage. This article helps to demonstrate how it is important to integrate diagnostic and clinical findings to better understand how to properly identify risk patients for lymphatic injuries and, therefore, when it is useful and proper to do prevention.
Prenatal maternal immune disruption and sex-dependent risk for psychoses

Background. Previous studies suggest that abnormalities in maternal immune activity during pregnancy alter the offspring's brain development and are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) dependent on sex. Method. Using a nested case–control design and prospectively collected prenatal maternal sera from which interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 were assayed, we investigated sex-dependent associations between these cytokines and 88 psychotic cases [SCZ = 44; affective psychoses (AP) = 44] and 100 healthy controls from a pregnancy cohort followed for > 40 years. Analyses included sex-stratified non-parametric tests adjusted for multiple comparisons to screen cytokines associated with SCZ risk, followed by deviant subgroup analyses using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. Results. There were higher prenatal IL-6 levels among male SCZ than male controls, and lower TNF-α levels among female SCZ than female controls. The results were supported by deviant subgroup analyses with significantly more SCZ males with high IL-6 levels (>highest quartile) compared with controls [odd ratio (OR)75 = 3.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–9.82], and greater prevalence of low TNF-α levels (<lowest quartile) among SCZ females compared with their controls (OR25 = 6.30, 95% CI 1.20–33.04) and SCZ males. Higher levels of IL-6 were only found among SCZ compared with AP cases. Lower TNF-α levels (non-significant) also characterized female AP cases versus controls, although the prevalence of the lowest levels was higher in SCZ than AP females (70% v. 40%), with no effect in SCZ or AP males. Conclusions. The results underscore the importance of immunologic processes affecting fetal brain development and differential risk for psychoses depending on psychosis subtype and offspring sex.
Successful liver transplantation from donor with Plesiomonas shigelloides sepsis after freshwater drowning: case report and review of literature on gram-negative bacterial aspiration during drowning and utilization of organs from bacteremic donors.

BACKGROUND Plesiomonas shigelloides is a freshwater, non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus associated with diarrheal disease. Rare cases of invasive infection in human beings usually involve immunosuppressed individuals. METHODS We report a patient who underwent successful liver transplantation (LT) using a graft from a 14-year-old boy who had drowned in a freshwater lake. PUBMED was searched for both reported drowning victims with sepsis and outcomes of LT using organs from infected donors. RESULTS Our patient received prophylactic piperacillin-tazobactam, which was switched to cefepime one day after transplantation when gram-negative bacteria grew in blood cultures of the donor. The next day, the organism was identified as P. shigelloides resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins; ciprofloxacin was given for seven days, and surveillance cultures remained negative. After an uneventful course the patient was discharged on day 10 after LT without signs of infection and is alive with a well-functioning graft. Literature review revealed one case of P. shigelloides in a potential allograft, in which the organism was isolated from heart valves of a drowning victim; the organs were discarded. Reports of freshwater drowning show that bacteremia is universally found post-mortem. Isolated pathogens correspond to specimens from the drowning site, with Aeromonas spp. being the most common and many other microorganisms described anecdotally. Livers from infected donors have been used, in most cases with good results if the recipient and, when possible, donor were treated appropriately; however, cases of fatal pathogen transmission have been reported. CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of a LT using a graft from a donor with P. shigelloides sepsis. Drowning victims should be considered potentially infected with rare pathogens and therefore represent extended-criteria donors.