Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum ( nomen nudum )

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. was recovered from a soil sample collected from Jijia town in the western part of Guangdong province, the Peoples Republic of China during a survey for entomopathogenic nematodes in 2001. The nematode can be separated from other described species of Steinernema, by morphological, morphometrical characteristics of different stages of the nematode, by crossbreeding tests and by characterizations and phylogeny of DNA sequences of either a partial 28S or the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA. This nematode is closest to S. longicaudum. It can be distinguished from that nematode by characteristics of different stages. For infective juveniles, although the body length is almost similar (1055 m compared to 1063 m), body diameter of the new species is larger; values of EP (length from anterior end to excretory pore), NR (length from anterior end to nerve ring) and a body length/body width ratio are smaller, and tail with dorsal constriction. For male, the new species has longer spicule, not well curved, spicule head shorter, shaft not prominent or absent and spicule tip not suddenly tapered as shown in S. longicaudum. Also, the ratios SW (spicule length/anal body width) and GS (gubernaculums/spicule) are smaller. For female, the presence of a small double flapped epiptygma, a small projection on dorsal side of the tail tips and prominent post-anal swelling is typical for the new species.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor of Pancreatic Origin in a Young Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Patient: Male, 9-year-old Final Diagnosis: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor • pancreatic cancer Symptoms: Abdominal pain Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Pathology Objective: Rare disease Background: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare lethal malignant tumor with young male predominance. The majority of cases arise in the abdominopelvic region and are hypothesized to have a mesothelial origin. However, extra-abdominal and extraperitoneal DSRCT have been reported. It is extremely uncommon for the pancreas to be a primary site for DSRCT, and only 5 cases have previously been reported in the English literature. Clinically, DSRCT has a wide range of presentations from asymptomatic to life-threatening comorbidity, and it responds poorly to treatment despite aggressive therapy. Case Report: We report a previously healthy 9-year-old boy with an incidentally discovered abdominal mass of pancreatic origin. All necessary laboratory investigations were within normal limits. Computed tomographic imaging showed a huge left-side retroperitoneal mass measuring 15 cm in the greatest dimension that was accompanied by vascular encasement. The mass was resected successfully. Histopathological examination along with ancillary tests favored a diagnosis of DSRCT over other small round blue cell tumors. Detection of translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) with EWSR1-WT1 gene fusion, based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, confirmed the diagnosis. Approximately 7 months later, the tumor recurred with mesenteric lymph nodes metastasis and the child was placed on palliative therapy. Conclusions: It is worthwhile to consider DSRCT in the differential diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors, even in unusual sites, in a pediatric age group. Due to the poor prognosis, owing to chemotherapy resistance and a high rate of recurrence with significant tumor burden, reaching a precise diagnosis of DSRCT is essential. Almost all cases harbor the hallmark molecular alteration of t(11;22)(p13;q12) with EWSR1-WT1 gene fusion. Debulking surgery paired with a chemotherapy regimen comprising vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide + etoposide has been shown to improve overall survival rate compared with other chemotherapeutic agents. However, no targeted therapeutic modality has been developed.
Molecular Biomimetics: Genetic Synthesis, Assembly, and Formation of Materials Using Peptides

In nature, the molecular-recognition ability of peptides and, consequently, their functions are evolved through successive cycles of mutation and selection. Using biology as a guide, it is now possible to select, tailor, and control peptide—solid interactions and exploit them in novel ways. Combinatorial mutagenesis provides a protocol to genetically select short peptides with specific affinity to the surfaces of a variety of materials including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. In the articles of this issue, we describe molecular characterization of inorganic-binding peptides; explain their further tailoring using post-selection genetic engineering and bioinformatics; and finally demonstrate their utility as molecular synthesizers, erectors, and assemblers. The peptides become fundamental building blocks of functional materials, each uniquely designed for an application in areas ranging from practical engineering to medicine.
FOREST FIRES IN INDIA: REGIONAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSES

SRIVASTAVA P & GARG A. 2013. Kebakaran hutan di India: analisis serantau dan waktu. Kebakaran hutan mengancam kekayaan serta biodiversiti hutan. Kajian mencadangkan bahawa 90% kebakaran hutan di India mungkin diakibatkan oleh manusia. Setiap tahun hampir 3.73 juta ha kawasan hutan terbakar melibatkan kerugian sebanyak AS$104 juta. Kajian ini menggunakan data MODIS (Spektroradiometer Pengimejan Resolusi Sederhana) daripada Web Fire Mapper untuk lokasi kebakaran aktif bagi tahun 2001–2011 bagi mengaitkan kejadian kebakaran hutan dengan faktor penyebab serta kerentanan jenis hutan di India. Terdapat empat variasi kelompok serantau berdasarkan jenis tumbuhan. Hutan daun luruh kering tropika menyumbang bilangan kebakaran yang paling tinggi dengan bilangan maksimum pada tahun 2004, 2009 dan 2010. Faktor utama yang menyebabkan api merebak ialah bahan boleh bakar iaitu jenis serta ciri-ciri tumbuhan. Kajian ini juga meneliti komponen tumbuhan menggunakan peta tumbuhan penutup bumi/penggunaan tanah yang diperoleh daripada data satelit dan faktor antropogenik yang termasuk sumber mata pencarian serta cuaca yang menggalakkan kebakaran. Kajian ini menyerlahkan keperluan pendekatan bersepadu untuk pengurusan kebakaran hutan.
Changes in Gene Expression following Neoplastia Transformation of Rat Myogenic Cells1

Two malignant sublines, M4 and RMS4, were previously de rived from the recloned L6 line of rat myogenic cells. Comparative studies in tissue culture and inoculation into suckling rats indi cated that M4 cells and RMS4 cells may be considered as lowmalignant and high-malignant cells, respectively, while L6 cells are not malignant. In the present work, we used extracts from L6 cells, M4 cells, and RMS4 cells collected during the period of exponential growth, to compare their polyadenylic acid-contain ing messenger RNA (mRNA) populations and the corresponding cell-free translation products. Analysis of the hybridization kinet ics between radioactive complementary DMA and homologous or heterologous cellular RNAs indicated that L6 cells contained about 28,000 distinct polyadenylic acid-containing mRNA se quences of 1.8 kilobases each, of which 2,000 to 2,500 and 4,000 to 5,000 were missing (or at least were very infrequent) in M4 cells and RMS4 cells, respectively. Using a minor fraction of the RMS4 cell complementary DMAs, partially purified through repeated complementary DNA-RNA hybridization cycles, it was further shown that RMS4 cells contained at least 700 to 800 distinct mRNA species, mainly belonging to the class of low abundance, which appeared to be absent in L6 cells. Most of these mRNA species were also found with a lower frequency in M4 cells. Bidimensional analysis of the cell-free translation prod ucts directed by polyadenylic acid-containing mRNA revealed some remarkable differences, in particular the synthesis in a RMS4 cell extract of at least three major polypeptides, possibly related either to the neoplastic process itself or to the stage of malignant transformation.
An irreducible component of the variety of Leibniz algebras having trivial intersection with the variety of Lie algebras

We show the rigidity of a parameterized family of solvable Leibniz non-Lie algebras in arbitrary dimension, obtaining an irreducible component in the variety that does not intersect the variety of Lie algebras non-trivially. Moreover it is shown that for any the Abelian Lie algebra appears as the algebra of derivations of a solvable Leibniz algebra.
Exploring the economic, social and cultural rights of youth leaders working in Sport for Development initiatives at grassroots level in South Africa

Abstract Sport has not only been forwarded as a basic human right but it is a powerful tool in the advocacy of human rights. Social inclusion and gender equality through sport interventions are prevalent in the developing world. Change agents working in the field of Sport for Development applaud the success of interventions in marginalised and impoverished communities as sport is viewed as an effective tool that contributes to the social inclusion and the betterment of the poor. In a developing country, such as South Africa, unemployed youth are recruited as youth leaders in an attempt to improve their economic, social and cultural standing through their involvement in sport for development interventions. This Research Note highlights the tension between Sport for Development initiatives in South Africa that carry messages of human rights and the failure of the current system to fulfil the economic, social and cultural rights of youth leaders. This study explores the experiences of youth leaders in South Africa through the lens of ‘The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ (ICESCR). A qualitative, ethnographic approach was used to address the question: How can the socio-economic rights of youth leaders working on grassroots level in Sport for Development initiatives be recognised? The qualitative research findings indicated youth leaders perceive their work as important, but do not believe that the remuneration they receive allow for a decent living; and, that they do not believe that they have an equal opportunity for career progression within the Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) that they work for. Recommendations on how to address the rights of youth leaders are provided.
How Does the Inclusion of Fossil Data Change Our Conclusions about the Phylogenetic History of Euphyllophytes?

Recent phylogenetic analyses have yielded conflicting results regarding relationships among ferns and other major groups of vascular plants and have prompted some authors to propose novel patterns of tracheophyte phylogeny based on analyses that include only living taxa. The results of one such study resolve seed plants as the sister group to all nonlycophyte pteridophytes and place equisetophytes and psilotophytes within a clade that also includes all of the living ferns. That hypothesis of phylogeny differs markedly from the results of a recent analysis that utilizes morphological data from both living and extinct taxa, which resolves ferns as a polyphyletic assemblage. To evaluate these competing hypotheses and to increase our understanding of the differing results, several tests were performed. Tests identify a high level of character conflict among the various gene sequence data matrices used in the analysis of living taxa. Contrary to the expectations of some, inclusion of extinct taxa in analyses of morphological characters produces striking changes in the topology of the resulting vascular plant tree when compared with the analysis of living taxa only. Together, these tests reveal that relationships among major groups of vascular plants are far less completely understood than claimed by some and that ferns s.l. are probably a polyphyletic assemblage. They also suggest that the impressive successes of gene sequence data in resolving relationships within smaller clades may not be easily duplicated when addressing deep internal nodes of the polysporangiophyte tree. Additional refinement of morphological characters for a combination of living and well‐reconstructed extinct taxa, improved character/taxon ratios, fuller sampling of extinct clades, and tests that utilize rare genetic markers and developmental pathways may hold the greatest promise for ultimately resolving the overall pattern of vascular plant phylogeny.
Diversity and temporal fluctuations of epiphytes and sessile invertebrates on the rhizomes Posidonia oceanica in a seagrass meadow off Tunisia

The aim of this work is to study the temporal dynamics of rhizome epiphytes and sessile animals living on the rhizomes of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in the east of Tunisia. Surveys were conducted in October 2009, and in January, April and August 2010 on a fringing reef located in Chebba. Rhizomes were sampled by SCUBA diving at three stations. Samples were examined with a microscope to estimate the cover of macroinvertebrate and macroalgal organisms on the top 10 cm of each rhizome. Results revealed a high diversity of epiphytes on P. oceanica rhizomes with a dominance of red and brown algae, ascidians, and bryozoans. Distinct temporal changes were observed in Oued Lafrann, with a high January cover (winter period) for all groups. These winter increases can be attributed to: (i) the low phenological parameters of P. oceanica in winter that reduce the effects of shading, (ii) life cycles of the epiphytes and invertebrates, (iii) water motion and (iv) grazing.
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity on human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells of lipoamino acid conjugates of gemcitabine

Lipophilic derivatives of the antitumor drug gemcitabine (GEM) with the potential for improving drug loading in lipid‐based colloidal carriers, like liposomes or lipid nanoparticles, are described. GEM free base was conjugated to lipoamino acids bearing an alkyl side chain of different length, by either a carbodiimide‐assisted or an ethylchloroformiate‐assisted coupling reaction, to obtain N4‐acyl GEM derivatives. These compounds retained the same in vitro cell growth inhibitory activity of the parent drug against two lines of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Stability studies suggested that the observed activity was due mainly to intact derivatives and not to released GEM. Accordingly, these amphiphilic derivatives can be proposed in a further step for the encapsulation in liposomes or lipid nanocarriers, to achieve as a final goal an improvement of the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic activity of GEM. Drug Dev Res 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Analysis of the Putative cis-Elements Involved in Activation by Elicitor or UV and Deactivation by Suppressor in the Promoter of a Pea Gene for Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase (PSPAL1)

The promoter of a pea gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PSPAL 1) contains Boxes II and IV that have synergistic effects on activation by fungal elicitor or UV light. Fungal suppressor suppressed the activation that was mediated not only by elicitor but also by UV in pea but activated the promoter in cowpea.
INHIBITION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN PRODUCTION BY PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI IN TEMPERATURE ABUSED REFRIGERATED FOODS

The “Wisconsin process'’(a combination of lactic acid starter culture and sucrose) has previously been shown to be effective in preventing botulinum toxigenesis in reduced nitrite bacon. This technology has been applied to other low-acid refrigerated foods which receive less than a 12D thermal process. A combination of Pediococcus acidilactici and dextrose was effective in preventing botulinum toxigenesis in chicken salad. When the chicken salad was temperature abused, the P. acidilactici catabolized available dextrose to lactic acid. Extracellular accumulation of the lactic acid caused a decrease in the pH of the product. Pathogen challenge tests verified that the rate and extent of lactic acid accumulation in the chicken salad during temperature abuse was sufficient to preclude botulinum toxigenesis. This technology has the potential to be of use in a variety of low-acid refrigerated foods.
EVALUATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN IN MICE TREATED WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE USING GENOTOXIC ASSAYS AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS.

The protective effect of Chitosan in mice treated with Cyclophosphamide has been evaluated in this study using cytogenetic analysis, DNA fragmentation, biochemical markers and molecular genetic assay. The experimental animals divided into two groups as male and female, each group divided into four subgroups. Two subgroups received saline of 0.5ml/ animal as control. Two subgroups received a single i. p. injection of 50 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide in saline for 24 hours as positive control. Two subgroups received Chitosan low dose (15 mg/ kg) for 3 weeks followed by a single i. p. injection of 50 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide in saline for 24 hours. Two subgroups received Chitosan high dose (30 mg/ kg) for 3 weeks followed by a single i. p. injection of 50 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide in saline for 24 hours. The results of different parameters used confirmed that the treated subgroups (G♂ 2 and G♀ 2 ) with Cyclophosphamide induced significant different in the chromosomal aberration of bone marrow, the frequency of micronucleus, DNA damage% and all tested biochemical markers compared to the control and the other treated subgroups. The changes in RAPD markers between the control subgroups and treated Cyclophosphamide subgroups were obvious, including the changes in the polymorphic pattern and molecular size. The results of chromosomal aberration, the frequency of micronucleus, DNA fragmentation, biochemical markers analysis, and polymorphic pattern of RAPD markers in the treated male and female subgroups with Cyclophosphamide and Chitosan (low and high doses) showed a significant improvement compared to the treated Cyclophosphamide subgroups. The improvement increased toward the levels of the control subgroups in pretreated Chitosan at high dose. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the pretreatment with Chitosan at dose 30
Determination of Starch Changes During Growth and Development of Three Plum Varieties

The aim of this study is the evaluation of changes which occurred in starch content during the growth and the development of three varieties of plums Stanley, VA¢nAƒt de Italia, Tuleu Gras. Depending on variety, the maximum amount of starch was reached in phases 3 and 4; the values have declined as the fruit was approaching the maturity stage. The amount of starch during plum fruit growth and development is influenced by the harvesting phase, variety and the interaction between variety and harvest stage. Â
Physiological and molecular response of rice genotypes for different types of flooding

Rice crop is frequently prone to flooding in coastal areas due to recent trend of climate change. Three different types of floods viz., submergence during germination (anaerobic germination), flash floods (complete submergence up to 2 weeks) and stagnant flooding (3050cm water depth) are mostly prevailing types of floods in coastal Andhra Pradesh. Sixty four rice genotypes were screened for flash floods at 15 days after transplanting for 10 days followed by stagnant flooding till harvesting stage during 2009 and 2010 and 48 genotypes for anaerobic germination during 2012 at Maruteru, A. P. to identify genotypes tolerant to more than one type of flood. Three genotypes viz., MTU 1140, MTU 1117, MTU 1158 showed consistency in plant survival (>75%) with moderate shoot elongation under submergence under flash floods cum stagnant flooding situation where as sub 1 introgressed Swarnasub1 showed 29% plant survival. No co segregation with sub 1A allele was observed in these genotypes using sub 1A linked RM 464, RM 219 markers, which indicated that genes other than sub 1A might be responsible for submergence tolerance. Nine genotypes were found to be resistant (75-95%) for 14 days of anaerobic germination. Among them, three genotypes Isukaravalu, IR 85956/23-1-2, MTU 1140 co segregated with markers RM 341 to qAG2 on chromosome 2, RM 206 to qAG11 on chromosome 11 indicating presence of genes pertaining to anaerobic germination. Non lodging flood tolerant variety MTU 1140 having 2 weeks of seed dormancy withstanding 3 types of floods was identified by physiological and molecular screening of the genotypes.
Larval Development of the Grooved Shrimp (Penaeus kerathurus Forskal, 1775) Under Laboratory Conditions

The larval stages of the grooved shrimp Penaeus kerathurus (Forskal, 1775) were described and photos were taken based on the materials hatched and reared in the laboratory. The larval development of P. kerathurus consists of 6 naupliar, 3 protozoeal, and 3 mysis stages before the first postlarva. Differences in the number of setae on 2 nd antenna exopod and spine formation on caudal furca were described for naupliar (N1-N6) stages of P. kerathurus and the chronological pattern was compared with previous and relevant studies on other Penaeus species.
Intelligent Technique Based Reactive Power Compensation of Isolated Hybrid Power System

This paper presents the effective utilization analysis of STATCOM for the reactive power compensation during any sudden load disturbances in an Isolated Hybrid Power System (IHPS) integrating Induction Generator (IG) coupled Dish Stirling Solar Thermal System (DSTS) -micro hydro power system and a synchronous generator coupled diesel generation system. Considering the volatile nature of the solar radiation and the random variation in reactive power absorbance by IG and reactive load, STATCOM is employed with Proportional Integral (PI) controller to maintain the system voltage regulation. Gains of PI controller are optimized with the help of modern meta-heuristic Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) and its performance is compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(PSO). Implication of the simulation results discloses that the FPA based PI tuned controller helps in improving the voltage stability of the IHES under uncertain load disturbances.
Structural and ultrastructural characterization of the floral lip in Gongora bufonia (Orchidaceae): understanding the slip-and-fall pollination mechanism

In this study, we investigated the pollination ecology and floral lip morphology of Gongora bufonia Lindl. , an epiphytic orchid from tropical forest, to better understand the peculiarities of its unusual pollination mechanism. Field observations on pollination were performed and floral lip samples were prepared for anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses. Male Eufriesea violacea (Blanchard) bees use the second and third pairs of legs to hold on the epichile and collect the fragrance in the hypochile region. During this process, the bee slips and falls on the column and receives the pollinarium, which is attached to the rear edge of the bee’s scutellum. A subsequent visit (usually to another flower) and fall through the flower may result in insertion of a pollinium into the stigmatic slit at the apex of the column. The fragrance production occurs in the hypochile region, specifically in the papillose epidermal cells and in the subepidermal parenchyma layers. The wax production occurs in the.