Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of genetic diversity in two-species oak seed stands and their progeny populations

Abstract In this article, we examined the effects of the two modes of regeneration (natural vs. artificial) on the genetic diversity of Quercus robur (L.) and Quercus petrea (Matt.) Liebl. populations. Using nuclear microsatellite markers, we investigated the genetic diversity of two-species oak seed stands (Jamy and Legnica, Poland) and their progeny – naturally regenerated stands and progeny plantations. A statistically significant excess of homozygotes was noted for all progeny plantations, but the naturally regenerated populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. On average, gene diversity in the five progeny plantations from Jamy decreased on average 3.73% and increased 1.26% in plantations from Legnica. However, almost in all plantations from both stands statistically significant excess of homozygotes was noted, and natural regenerations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Additionally, the effective population size was several fold higher for naturally regenerated stands compared with progeny plantations. Impact of regeneration mode and potential hybridisation in modelling the level of genetic diversity of progeny populations are discussed.
Resurrecting ‘Metaphor’ inside the EFL Poetry Classroom: a Nudge towards an Integrated-Model

‘Metaphor’ captures the zeitgeist of the 21st Century for reaching a climactic scene on the stage of cognitive linguistics, literary studies, and Second Language (L2) teaching. Important though, in Algerian English as Foreign Language (EFL) literature classrooms, metaphor plays a peripheral role in education, as it scarcely appears either as part and parcel device in literature analysis or as a means for strengthening the understanding of poetry. However, even in those literary spaces where it visibly manifests itself, learning the metaphoric language does not touch a chord with the learners. The persistent issue is that many Algerian instructors are still employing threadbare, transmissive modes of instruction that fail deceptively to reach satisfying scholarly ends. In this sense, the fulcrum aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of re-positing metaphor inside the poetry curriculum. Correspondingly, it proposes the integrated-model as a state-of-art teaching framework. The primary question that this study seeks to answer is whether teaching poetry via an integrated approach may act as a stimulus for enhancing students’ Metaphoric Competence (MC). The secondary subsidiary endeavour is to diagnose the different intricacies that the learners confront along that process. Guided by these incentives, the researcher has carried an empirical study (pre/posttest) with forty-first year EFL Algerian students from Tlemcen University using four poems as evaluative materials. To analyze the effectiveness of the experiment using SPSS, the inquirer has opted for the Paired-Samples t-Test to check whether the paradigm shift in the same group of participants’ grades is statistically significant or not. Substantially, this study reveals that the implementation of an integrated framework to instruct poetry provides a springboard for remarkable betterments in the area of MC. This progress is evidenced by its ability to revitalize the learners’ cognitive potentials to comprehend, interpret, and evaluate conceptual metaphors embedded in poetry. In an unfavourable note, this study has also dropped the veil on some language difficulties that the students face in the course of metaphor analysis, that stem mainly from the low exposure to the target language (TL), and the poor engagement with the different literary modes of expression. Finally, for the hope of honing (MC) inside the Algerian EFL classes, it is fervently recommended that the teachers assist their learners actively in well-defined figurative-oriented assignments that focus on raising the awareness of the L2 conceptual mapping. Technological aids are also a solicited constructive teaching material that may make poetry draw a new breath of life inside the classroom and beyond.
Corticoperipheral neuromuscular disconnection in obstructive sleep apnoea

Abstract The roles of central nervous mechanisms and cortical output in obstructive sleep apnoea remain unclear. We addressed corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units as a mechanistic pathway and as a possible surrogate marker of corticoperipheral motor control in obstructive sleep apnoea. In this exploratory cross-sectional retrospective study, we analysed EEG (C3 and C4 leads) and chin EMG from polysomnography recordings in 86 participants (22 females; age range: 26–81 years): 27 with mild (respiratory disturbance index = 5–15 events/h), 21 with moderate (15–30 events/h) and 23 with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (>30 events/h) and 15 control subjects (<5 events/h). By computing C3-/C4-EEG–chin EMG coherence of signal dynamics in time and frequency domains, we investigated corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units with increasing obstructive sleep apnoea severity during the entire sleeping time, during different sleep stages and during obstructive respiratory events, including 5 s before (stable breathing) and after events (breathing resumption). In addition, we studied a possible influence of body mass index and autonomic nervous system activation. We found that both average and respiratory event-specific corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units weakened significantly with increasing obstructive sleep apnoea severity, was strongest during N3 and weakened in N1, N2 and rapid eye movement stages (in decreasing order). Coupling increases significantly during the obstructive respiratory events compared with coupling just before and following them. Results were independent of body mass index or autonomic nervous system activation. We conclude that obstructive respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnoea are very strongly associated both quantitatively and temporally with the degree of disconnection within the cortical sensorimotor areas—lower facial motor units pathway. This quite coordinated activity pattern suggests a cortical sensorimotor area-driven obstructive respiratory event pattern generator and a central motor output disorder in obstructive sleep apnoea.
Recognition of host‐specific chemical stimulants in two sympatric host races of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Abstract. 1. In ecological speciation, adaptation to variation in the external environment provides the crucial push that starts the process of genetic divergence and eventually leads to speciation. This emphasis on the role of ecological specialisation in speciation events has brought with it a renewed interest in its proximate mechanisms in recently diverged groups such as host races. Here, the proximate mechanisms of feeding specialisation are investigated in two host races of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Suspension Cultures of Timothy ( Phleum pratense L.)

Somatic embryogenesis and green plant regeneration of timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) were successfully established using immature inflorescences and seedling stems. The capacity for somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescences was higher than that from seedling stems. Immature inflorescences of 0.5-1.5 cm in size cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2 mg l -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) gave the best performance in callus induction. Suspension cultures were initiated from friable nodule-forming callus in MS basal medium supplemented with 5.0 mg l -1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l -1 abscisic acid. Fast-growing and finely dispersed suspension cultures were established. Kinetin at 1.0 mg l- 1 and 2,4-D at 0.1 mg l -1 was the best plant growth regulator combination in green plant regeneration from direct callus differentiation and suspension cultures. The highest green plant regeneration was achieved 5-7 weeks after initiation in suspension culture. More than 100 regenerated plants were obtained.
Analysis of Community Institution Empowerment as a Village Government Partner in the Participative Development Process

This research focuses on analyzing the empowerment of social institutions as village government partners in the participatory development process. The location is in Percut Village, Percutseituan District, Deliserdang Regency. The background that is used as a reference for this research begins with the understanding that the urgency of villages in development in Indonesia is so urgent. The village is given authoritative to grow and develop in line with the development of its own community. Furthermore, the village holds millions of pieces of knowledge of the virtues of life and harmony of local wisdom that should be maintained, can be recognized from the mantra of three orders, namely; ordinances, manners, and manners (Zamroni, 2017). This kind of thinking construction is important to restate in order to examine the current relationship between the village government and the community (social institutions). Social institutions as partners of the Village Government have a very strategic role; start to formulate participatory development plans, implement, control, utilize, maintain and develop participatory development, mobilize and develop participation, mutual cooperation and community self-help, and foster dynamic development of the community in the context of community empowerment. Seeing the huge role that village community institutions have, it is important and interesting that this research is carried out to see the existence of community institutions as village government partners in the participatory development process. With this research, it will provide reference data for stakeholders related to community institution empowerment. In addition, it is an academic study in public policy and provides input to the village government regarding the reference to the model of community institution empowerment as a partner of the village government in order to work together to manage development in a participatory village. As for answering the problem of this study using qualitative methods and types of research with a descriptive approach. The targeted research output is a journal article and as a follow up will create a model in the institutionalization of village community organizations.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Associated Rhizobacteria and Biocontrol of Soilborne Phytopathogens

The mutualistic symbiosis of most land plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has been shown to favor mineral and water nutrition and to increase resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The main mechanisms involved in the control of the disease symptoms and intraradical proliferation of soilborne phytopathogens are due to root colonization with AM fungi. The role of the rhizobacteria is shown to be specifically associated with extraradical network of the AM and mycorrhizosphere. The mycorrhizosphere can form a favorable environment for microorganisms which have potentiality to act antagonistic to pathogen abundance. It makes an additional advantage in identifying rhizobacteria from AM fungi structures or mycorrhizosphere, which often lead to the isolation of organisms having strong properties of antagonism on various soilborne pathogens. The ability of AM fungi to control soilborne diseases is mainly related to their capacity to stimulate the establishment of rhizobacteria against the favorable environment of pathogen within the mycorrhizosphere prior to the root infection. Recent advancement in sci-entific research has provided more clear picture in understanding the mechanisms involved in AM fungi/rhizobacteria interactions. Herein, this chapter includes the mechanisms of the AM fungi-mediated biocontrol, interactions between AM-associated bacteria and AM fungus extraradical network, AM-associated bacteria and biocontrol activities and unfavorable zone to pathogen development: the mycorrhizosphere.
World food security and the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae): Genetic resources of cultivated, wild, and weedy taxa for crop improvement

World food security and the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae): Genetic resources of cultivated, wild, and weedy taxa for crop improvement Bao‐Rong LU Norman ELLSTRAND (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China) (Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Conservation Biology and Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521‐0124, USA)
A Field technique for infesting rice with Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and evaluating insecticide treatments

Uma tecnica para produzir lagartas Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), no laboratorio, infestar plantas em campo e avaliar tratamentos foi descrita e testada em arroz. A acao de inseticidas para tratamento de sementes no controle da lagarta elasmo, utilizando infestacao artificial e natural, tambem foi avaliada em experimentos de tres datas de plantios. O delineamento experimental foi quadrado latino 6x6. A unidade experimental era formada de sete fileiras de arroz de 4 m de comprimento, espacadas de 0,4 m. Os tratamentos consistiram dos seguintes inseticidas e doses: tiametoxam (52,5; 70 e 105 g i.a./100 kg sementes), furatiocarbe (320 g i.a./100kg sementes), carbofuram (525 g i.a./100 kg sementes) e testemunha nao tratada. Infestacoes artificiais foram realizadas em dois grupos de tres colmos, selecionados nas fileiras bordadura das parcelas e confinados em cilindros de PVC, em tres datas de cada plantio. Colmos de cada cilindro foram infestados com tres lagartas de E. lignosellus com sete dias de idade. Imediatamente apos as infestacoes, os cilindros contendo tres colmos de arroz foram protegidos do efeito das chuvas sobre as lagartas. Os danos foram avaliados 20 dias apos as infestacoes. Infestacoes artificiais usadas neste estudo aumentaram o dano em 32 vezes, em relacao a infestacao natural das testemunhas. Inseticidas reduziram significativamente a sobrevivencia de larvas ate 60 dias apos o plantio, comparados com a testemunha.
CASH: correlation-aware scheduling to mitigate soft error impact on heterogeneous multicores

With the exponential increase in the number of transistors under fast-paced technology progress, the soft error induced reliability issue is becoming even more challenging in heterogeneous multicore processor design. As there are significant opportunities to mitigate the soft error impacts through heterogeneous multicore scheduling, we show in this paper that the correlation among multiple applications exhibits important reliability characteristics, by defining a new metric to measure the system-level vulnerability factor of multiple applications and an approximate estimator to evaluate the metric fast and accurately for effective scheduling decisions. To approach these issues, we propose CASH, a Correlation-Aware Scheduling strategy to optimise heterogeneous multicore system reliability. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is promising, achieving up to 21.4% reliability improvement with only 3.6% performance degradation when compared with performance-oriented scheduling policy.
Gross primary production is stimulated for three Populus species grown under free‐air CO2 enrichment from planting through canopy closure

How forests will respond to rising [CO2] in the long term is uncertain, most studies having involved juvenile trees in chambers prior to canopy closure. Poplar free‐air CO2 enrichment (Viterbo, Italy) is one of the first experiments to grow a forest from planting through canopy closure to coppice, entirely under open‐air conditions using free‐air CO2 enrichment technology. Three Populus species: P. alba, P. nigra and P. x euramericana, were grown in three blocks, each containing one control and one treatment plot in which CO2 was elevated to the expected 2050 concentration of 550 ppm. The objective of this study was to estimate gross primary production (GPP) from recorded leaf photosynthetic properties, leaf area index (LAI) and meteorological conditions over the complete 3‐year rotation cycle. From the meteorological conditions recorded at 30 min intervals and biweekly measurements of LAI, the microclimate of leaves within the plots was estimated with a radiation transfer and energy balance model. This information was in turn used as input into a canopy microclimate model to determine light and temperature of different leaf classes at 30 min intervals which in turn was used with the steady‐state biochemical model of leaf photosynthesis to compute CO2 uptake by the different leaf classes. The parameters of these models were derived from measurements made at regular intervals throughout the coppice cycle. The photosynthetic rates for different leaf classes were summed to obtain canopy photosynthesis, i.e. GPP. The model was run for each species in each plot, so that differences in GPP between species and treatments could be tested statistically. Significant stimulation of GPP driven by elevated [CO2] occurred in all 3 years, and was greatest in the first year (223–251%), but markedly lower in the second (19–24%) and third years (5–19%). Increase in GPP in elevated relative to control plots was highest for P. nigra in 1999 and for P. x euramericana in 2000 and 2001, although in 1999 P. alba had a higher GPP than P. x euramericana. Our analysis attributed the decline in stimulation to canopy closure and not photosynthetic acclimation. Over the 3‐year rotation cycle from planting to harvest, the cumulative GPP was 4500, 4960 and 4010 g C m−2 for P. alba, P. nigra and P. x euramericana, respectively, in current [CO2] and 5260, 5800 and 5000 g C m−2 in the elevated [CO2] treatments. The relative changes were consistent with independent measurements of net primary production, determined independently from biomass increments and turnover.
Simulating Reservoir Induced Lhasa Streamflow Variability Using ArcSWAT

Lhasa River Basin being the socio-economic hotspot of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is experiencing an increased hydropower capacity in the form of damming and reservoir construction. The Pangduo hydropower station, commenced in 2013, is one of these developments. Lhasa River discharge is analyzed for spatial variability under the reservoir operation at Pondo and Lhasa gauging station. The Mann–Kendall Trend analysis reveals an increased precipitation and a decreased Lhasa River discharge trend upstream and downstream the reservoir. However, the discharge received at Lhasa gauging station is experiencing a greater decline revealed by Sen’s slope estimator. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modelling of the Lhasa River discharge for both the hydrometric stations from 2008–2016 reveals better simulation results for Pondo hydrometric station in terms of R2, NSE and PBIAS values. The modelling results for Pondo station correspond comparatively well to the reservoir operation procedures including water level and inflow despite of data availability constraint. However, the importance of non-simulated processes (e.g., groundwater abstractions) to the accurate prediction of the Lhasa flow regime particularly at the downstream flow gauge is recommended. The study can prove beneficial for local water distribution measures in Lhasa River Basin.
Effect of Ni doping on martensitic transformation and magnetic properties for Co50V25Ga25∼26 Heusler alloy

ABSTRACT In this work, we have investigated the crystalline structure, martensitic transformation (MT) and magnetic properties of Co50V25-xNixGa25 (x = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12.5) together with Co50V17Ni7Ga26 Heusler alloys. It was found that the MT behavior can occur in the Ni-doped Co50V25Ga25 Heusler alloys, and the MT temperature increases with the increase of Ni doping, which can reach about room temperature as the Ni doping increases up to x = 12.5. In the temperature interval of MT, with the decrease of temperature, the metamagnetic behavior appears from the ferromagnetic austenitic phase to the paramagnetic martensitic phase in the Co50V17Ni7Ga26 Heusler alloy. As a result, the magnetocaloric effect was observed, and the calculated magnetic entropy change can achieve about 11.5 J/kg K around 94 K for the magnetic field changes of 7 T.
Late 20th century landscape-wide expansion of Allosyncarpia ternata (Myrtaceae) forests in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia

Allosyncarpia ternata S.T. Blake is a large tree endemic to the rugged western edge of the Arnhem Land Plateau, northern Australia, with most of the species conserved in Kakadu National Park (KNP). A. ternata stems suffer substantial mortality following wildfire but the species resprouts prolifically from root stocks. Nonetheless, there is concern about the persistence of A. ternata rainforest patches following breakdown of traditional Aboriginal landscape burning that generated a mosaic of burnt and unburnt areas. Generalised linear modelling was used to identify the landscape features associated with the fragmentary distribution of A. ternata rainforest. We randomly sampled 12 areas that together made up 12.6% of the total coverage of A. ternata in KNP (12 191 ha) that spanned the geographic range of this vegetation type within the Park. The modelling of these data showed that A. ternata forests were most likely to occur at sites with fire protection, as inferred from the small number of fire scars apparent on sequences of satellite imagery, steep slope angles and proximity to drainage lines. Analysis of historical aerial photography revealed that, despite considerable negative and positive variation, there has been a 21% expansion of A. ternata forests over the last 50 years. Expansion occurred by incremental growth from existing forest boundaries and not by nucleation, reflecting the poor seed dispersal of the tree. The forest expansion was negatively correlated with fire activity. A regionally wetter climate since the mid-20th century may be an important cause of the expansion despite currently unfavourable fire regimes.
Forecasting of Campus Placement for Students Using Ensemble Voting Classifier

Campus placement is a measure of students’ performance in a course. A forecasting method is proposed in this paper to predict possible campus placement of any institution. Data mining and knowledge discovery processes on academic career of students are applied. Supervised machine learning technique based classifiers are used for achieving this process. It uses an ensemble approach based voting classifier for choosing best classifier models to achieve better result over other classifiers. Experimental results have indicated 86.05% accuracy of ensemble based approach which is significantly better over other classifiers.