Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A unified model for the biogenesis of mitochondrial outer membrane multi-span proteins

The mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) harbors proteins that traverse the membrane via several helical segments, so-called multi-span proteins. Two contradicting mechanisms were suggested to describe their integration into the MOM. The first proposes that the mitochondrial import (MIM) complex facilitates this process and functions as an insertase, whereas the second suggests that such proteins can integrate into the lipid phase without the assistance of import factors in a process that is enhanced by phosphatidic acid. To resolve this discrepancy and obtain new insights on the biogenesis of these proteins, we addressed this issue using yeast mitochondria and the multi-span protein Om14. Testing different truncation variants, we show that only the full-length protein contains all the required information that assure targeting specificity. Employing a specific insertion assay and several single and double deletion strains, we show that neither the import receptor Tom70 nor any other protein with a cytosolically exposed domain have a crucial contribution to the biogenesis process. We further demonstrate that Mim1 and Porin are required for optimal membrane integration of Om14 but none of them is absolutely required. Unfolding of the newly synthesized protein, its optimal hydrophobicity, as well as higher fluidity of the membrane dramatically enhanced the import capacity of Om14. Collectively, our findings suggest that MOM multi-span proteins can follow different biogenesis pathways in which proteinaceous elements and membrane behavior contribute to a variable extent to the combined efficiency. Summary Zhou et al. provide new insights to the biogenesis of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. They demonstrate that such proteins can follow various routes where both proteinaceous elements and membrane behavior regulate the efficiency and specificity of this process.
A Design Study and Performance Prediction of an Internal Compression Supersonic Air Intake

The aim of this research is to carryout a design study on a variable geometry rectangular supersonic air-intake at different flight conditions. The design of the air-intake at supersonic Mach number according to “on -design” condition ( m H M 10000 , 0 . 2 = = ∞ ), to get a maximum total-pressure recovery, and study the performance of air -intake at supersonic Mach number according to “off -design” conditions ( 5 . 2 6 . 1 = ∞ M ). The air-intake consists of convergent-divergent nozzle. The number of oblique shock waves is induced by the sharp cowl lips at the nozzle entrance and their reflections may continue along the convergent passage depending on the free-stream Mach number and nozzle wall turning angle. The location of the normal shock wave is just downstream the throat, for an “offdesign” condition, and at nozzle throat, at its “on-design” condition [21]. The flow is assumed as one -dimensional compressible, and inviscid. The flow properties were calculated using the analytical method based on the relation of the oblique shock and normal shock waves. The divergent part was analyzed for different divergent lengths, to maintain the divergent angle less than value that causes flow separation and to get the maximum total pressure recovery. The convergent part was analyzed for different convergent lengths, to maintain the oblique shock and their reflected terminated before the throat position to get maximum total pressure recovery, [21].
TANK 26 EVAPORATOR FEED PUMP TRANSFER ANALYSIS

The transfer of liquid salt solution from Tank 26 to an evaporator is to be accomplished by activating the evaporator feed pump, located approximately 72 inches above the sludge layer, while simultaneously turning on the downcomer. Previously, activation of the evaporator feed pump was an isolated event without any other components running at the same time. An analysis of the dissolved solution transfer has been performed using computational fluid dynamics methods to determine the amount of entrained sludge solids pumped out of the tank to the evaporator with the downcomer turned on. The analysis results showed that, for the maximum and minimum supernate levels in Tank 26 (252.5 and 72 inches above the sludge layer, respectively), the evaporator feed pump will entrain between 0.05 and 0.1 wt% sludge solids weight fraction into the eductor, respectively. Lower tank liquid levels, with respect to the sludge layer, result in higher amounts of sludge entrainment due to the increased velocity of the plunging jets from the downcomer and evaporator feed pump bypass as well as decreased dissipation depth.
A NOVEL CONTROL METHOD BASED ON THE INSTANTANEOUS THYRISTOR VOLTAGE TO MITIGATE COMMUTATION FAILURE IN HVDC SYSTEMS

Commutation failure is a typical fault that occurs in the inverter valves of the HVDC transmission system. Continuous commutation failure will lead to serious results to the power system especially in multi-infeed HVDC power transmission system. In this paper, a novel control method to mitigate commutation failure in HVDC systems due to voltage dips caused by AC system faults is proposed. This detection method is based on instantaneous values of the thyristor voltage and it is realized by Thyristor Triggering and Monitoring (TTM) device and valve base electronics (VBE), which makes the control system react quickly and detect commutation failure with high-precision. After detecting the commutation failure, the firing angle at the inverter station is reduced by a certain angle to extend the commutation margin. The proposed commutation failure mitigation method is tested in various fault simulation using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. A single-infeed HVDC transmission system is created to test the method's effectiveness and a two-infeed HVDC transmission system is developed to study the method's performance in the multi-infeed HVDC transmission system. The test results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly effective in mitigating the continuous commutation failure in both the single-infeed and multiinfeed HVDC transmission system.
Potential of Flow Cytometric Approaches for Rapid Microbial Detection and Characterization in the Food Industry—A Review

As microbial contamination is persistent within the food and bioindustries and foodborne infections are still a significant cause of death, the detection, monitoring, and characterization of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms are of great importance. However, the current methods do not meet all relevant criteria. They either show (i) inadequate sensitivity, rapidity, and effectiveness; (ii) a high workload and time requirement; or (iii) difficulties in differentiating between viable and non-viable cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) represents an approach to overcome such limitations. Thus, this comprehensive literature review focuses on the potential of FCM and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for food and bioindustry applications. First, the principles of FCM and FISH and basic staining methods are discussed, and critical areas for microbial contamination, including abiotic and biotic surfaces, water, and air, are characterized. State-of-the-art non-specific FCM and specific FISH approaches are described, and their limitations are highlighted. One such limitation is the use of toxic and mutagenic fluorochromes and probes. Alternative staining and hybridization approaches are presented, along with other strategies to overcome the current challenges. Further research needs are outlined in order to make FCM and FISH even more suitable monitoring and detection tools for food quality and safety and environmental and clinical approaches.
Sex‐ and age‐specific associations between cardiometabolic risk and white matter brain age in the UK Biobank cohort

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are associated with accelerated brain aging and increased risk for sex‐dimorphic illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, it is unknown how CMRs interact with sex and apolipoprotein E‐ϵ4 (APOE4), a known genetic risk factor for AD, to influence brain age across different life stages. Using age prediction based on multi‐shell diffusion‐weighted imaging data in 21,308 UK Biobank participants, we investigated whether associations between white matter Brain Age Gap (BAG) and body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%), and APOE4 status varied (i) between males and females, (ii) according to age at menopause in females, and (iii) across different age groups in males and females. We report sex differences in associations between BAG and all three CMRs, with stronger positive associations among males compared to females. Independent of APOE4 status, higher BAG (older brain age relative to chronological age) was associated with greater BMI, WHR, and BF% in males, whereas in females, higher BAG was associated with greater WHR, but not BMI and BF%. These divergent associations were most prominent within the oldest group of females (66–81 years), where greater BF% was linked to lower BAG. Earlier menopause transition was associated with higher BAG, but no interactions were found with CMRs. In conclusion, the findings point to sex‐ and age‐specific associations between CMRs and brain age. Incorporating sex as a factor of interest in studies addressing CMR may promote sex‐specific precision medicine, consequently improving health care for both males and females.
4,6-Dichloro-5-Nitrobenzofuroxan: Different Polymorphisms and DFT Investigation of Its Reactivity with Nucleophiles

This research focuses on the X-ray structure of 4,6-dichloro-5-nitrobenzofuroxan 1 and of some of its amino derivatives (4a, 4e, 4g, and 4l) and on DFT calculations concerning the nucleophilic reactivity of 1. We have found that by changing the solvent used for crystallization, it is possible to obtain 4,6-dichloro-5-nitrobenzofuroxan (1) in different polymorphic structures. Moreover, the different torsional angles observed for the nitro group in 1 and in its amino derivatives (4a, 4e, 4g, and 4l) are strictly dependent on the steric hindrance of the substituent at C-4. DFT calculations on the course of the nucleophilic substitution confirm the role of the condensed furoxan ring in altering the aromaticity of the carbocyclic frame, while chlorine atoms strongly influence the dihedral angle and the rotational barrier of the nitro group. These results corroborate previous observations based on experimental kinetic data and give a deep picture of the reaction with amines, which proceeds via a “non-aromatic” nucleophilic substitution.
Allostatic Load, Single, and Dual Chronic Conditions: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background: Allostatic load (AL) is defined as a cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events, which involves the interaction of different physiological systems at varying degrees of activity. AL is suspected of contributing to health disparities among different populations. Suppressed or overactive physiological systems can interrupt AL affecting proper tissue and organ function leading to disease. The objective of our study was to determine the association of AL with dual chronic conditions. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). For the current analysis, we used the data cycles of 2007–2010, which is the most recent data that collected comprehensive measures of the composite AL outcome variable. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression, with stepwise forward variable selection method (P < 0.05), were conducted using STATA/IC 15.0. Results: AL levels were high among 20% of the respondents (n = 2179). Having a lower income to poverty ratio, being married, physical inactivity, experiencing sleep problems, and a history of smoking were significantly associated with high AL (P < 0.05). Non-Hispanic blacks [odds ratio (OR): 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–2.4] and Mexicans and other Hispanics (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7) had higher AL compared to Caucasians. Having cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4–2.2) and diabetes (OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 3.8–5.7) independently, as well as both CVD and diabetes (OR: 3.1; 95% CI 2.7–3.6), were associated with higher odds of AL. We conducted an age-adjusted regression model that indicated higher odds of elevated AL among females with diabetes independently (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2–1.9) and with both CVD and diabetes (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1) compared to men. Conclusions: Despite the significant impact and association of AL with overall health, there is minimal evidence of its risk factors and linkage to disease burden. Modifiable lifestyle factors were associated with a higher AL. There is a critical need to support ethnic and gender contextual interventions to reduce the burden of AL on chronic conditions.
6.2.2 Systems Engineering Model for Integrability (SEMI): A Three Step Process for the Continuous Development of Highly Integrated Enterprise Applications *

Stovepipe analytic applications are the norm for the complex organizations involved in product design, law enforcement, and government. However, to be effective, these analytic applications must now rely on services provided by other organizations, exchange data with those organizations, and standardize on components defined by multiple integration architectures. Stovepipes are no longer adequate.
Clustering multi-hop information dissemination method in vehicular ad hoc networks

As a special case of mobile ad hoc networks, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted great interest in the research community. With the help of wireless communication, many of the safety related and non-safety related applications can be realised in VANETs. In the multi-hop and dynamic topology networks, building and maintaining a route is very challenging. To disseminate information among the vehicles and the infrastructures efficiently, a position-based clustering multi-hop routing method is proposed. The method hierarchically organises VANETs based on the competitive learning Hebb neural network, which partitions the vehicles into clusters, and these clusters are represented by virtual cluster-heads. The method is evaluated using NS2 and compared with typical ad hoc routing protocol Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility. The simulation results prove that the method is efficient.
Robust control of HVAC plant II: controller design

A linear time-invariant model has been fitted to simulated results from the nonlinear air heating plant described in Part I. The model describes the plant well subject to uncertainty in two of its parameters. These uncertainties have been used to derive an uncertainty weight that, together with a performance weight, have led to an augmented plant description. The resulting augmented plant model was used to develop a robust controller that minimises the H- -notm of the closed-loop plant based upon the solution of two algebraic Riccati equations. The resulting controller is of the same order as the augmented (fifth-order) plant. Simulation results of the robust controller compare very favourably with a locally-optimised PID controller developed in Part I. The main advantage of the robust controller is that it merely requires a knowledge of the uncertainty limits of a simple linear model of the plant, whereas a PID controller of comparable performance would need extensive parameter tuning in practice.
Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Simulation of Fracture Process of Polymer Composite Material with Short Carbon Fibers

This work is devoted to the research of mechanical and strength properties of polymer composite material with short carbon fibers produced by injection molding technology. The material is PEEK90HMF20 with 20 % of carbon fibers mass fraction and based on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer matrix. Mechanical and strength properties were researched on samples that had been cut from molded plates. A set of tension tests was performed and stress-strain diagrams of samples with different orientation in relation to the global direction of injection were obtained. Two-step homogenization procedure and pseudo-grains failure model were used to describe composite material behavior. The material model parameters were calibrated with experimental data by means of reverse-engineering procedure. Finite element simulation of tension tests was performed to check the quality of built model from the point of view of its ability to predict failure.
Characterization of high-index contrast silica guided-wave devices

Modal properties of silica waveguides are presented along with their results on single mode operation, spot-size variations, confinement factor and, modal field profiles for different index contrast value between the core and the claddings. Both dominat and non-dominat field profiles and their transverse variations are also shown. Numerically simulated results also suggests that by using the MM-based design a very compact optical power splitter, of the order of 500 μm in length, can be designed, which is much shorter than conventional directional coupler or Y-junction-based designs.
Evaluating the efficacy of GIS maps as boundary objects: unpacking the limits and opportunities of Indigenous knowledge in forest and natural resource management

ABSTRACT The meaningful inclusion of diverse forms of knowledge, such as Indigenous knowledge (IK), remain unrealized in many natural resource management decision-making processes. Innovative boundary objects could be used to facilitate the effective inclusion of IK in natural resource management decision-making processes. In this study, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps were used as boundary objects due to their ability to visually display IK across knowledge boundaries. Using a conceptual framework that combines the Six Faces of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) outlined by Houde (2007). “The Six Faces of Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Challenges and Opportunities for Canadian Co-Management Arrangements. ” Ecology and Society 12 (2): 34–50. http://www.ecologyandsociety. org/vol12/iss2/art34/) and boundary object criteria derived from the boundary science literature, our study investigated whether and how GIS maps could be used to increase the influence of IK on forest management. The four boundary object criteria (interpretive flexibility, accommodating concreteness, facilitating joint process, and satisfying information need) generated insight into specific ways to reduce the current barriers that may restrict greater use of IK within GIS and allow them to function more effectively as boundary objects.
Pseudo noise sequences tor engineers

Pseudo noise (PN) sequences are widely used in digital communications and the theory involved has been treated extensively in the literature. However, a practising engineer is interested in the fundamentals and the applications of Phl sequences, and the methods of generating them with hardware. This paper presents, without the mathematical rigours, some of the interesting characteristics and the use of these characteristics in the generation and acquisition of PN sequences. The aeries-parallel method of generating PN sequences a t high speeds with low-speed devices, which is of interest to hardware designers, is discussed. Some applications of PN sequences in communications and instrumentation are discussed.
Electro-mechanical suspension system considering energy consumption and vehicle manoeuvre

In this paper, the performance of the electro-mechanical suspension is discussed on the energy consumption, vibration isolation, and vehicle manoeuvrability. On the basis of the formulation of electro-mechanical suspension, the energy consumption and vibration isolation are discussed through the contour maps with the sprung and unsprung mass velocity feedback gain axes. From the numerical simulation and experimental results, the contour maps for the evaluation of the performance with feedback gain axes are proposed, and on these maps, the abilities of vibration isolation and manoeuvrability are evaluated. On the energy consumption, the regeneration region exists, and the velocity feedback gain of unsprung mass should be considered for regeneration and energy saving. Moreover, Gain settings for improving each vehicle performance are proposed and verified by shaker tests. From simulation and experimental results, it is demonstrated that the proposed active suspension system is able to solve the compatibility between vibration isolation and energy saving.
Compliance Auditing in Future Web-based Infrastructures.

Businesses today are required to comply with a litany of legislation, regulations and standards. However, with an in- creasing utilisation of the internet for delivering products as services, challenges arise in assessing and maintaining com- pliance. We propose to discuss an architecture that attempts to leverage the dynamism of service-based infrastructures in order to process the real-time compliance state of a system.
Supplementary material to "Functionality-Based Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol from m-Xylene Photooxidation"

Abstract. Photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produces condensable oxidized organics (COOs) to yield secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the fundamental chemical mechanism for gas-to-particle conversion remains uncertain. Here we elucidate the production of COOs and their roles in SOA and brown carbon (BrC) formation from m-xylene oxidation by simultaneous monitoring the evolutions of gas-phase products and aerosol properties in an environmental chamber. Four COO types with the distinct functionalities of dicarbonyls, carboxylic acids, polyhydroxy aromatics/quinones, and nitrophenols are identified from early-generation oxidation, with the yields of 25 %, 37 %, 5 %, and 3 %, respectively. SOA formation occurs via several heterogeneous processes, including interfacial interaction, ionic dissociation/acid-base reaction, and oligomerization, with the yields of (20 ± 4) % and (32 ± 7) % at 10 % and 70 % relative humidity (RH), respectively. Chemical speciation shows the dominant presence of oligomers, nitrogen-containing organics, and carboxylates at RH and carboxylates at low RH. The identified BrC includes N-heterocycles/N-heterochains and nitrophenols, as evident from reduced single scattering albedo. The measured uptake coefficient (γ) for COOs is dependent on the functionality, ranging from 3.7 × 10−4 to 1.3 × 10−2. A kinetic framework is developed to predict SOA production from the concentrations and uptake coefficients for COOs. This functionality-based approach well reproduces SOA formation from m-xylene oxidation and is broadly applicable to VOC oxidation for other species. Our results reveal that photochemical oxidation of m-xylene represents a major source for SOA and BrC formation under urban environments, because of its large abundance, high reactivity with OH, and high yields for COOs.
Expert system for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: A survey

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most dangerous diseases which lead to sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis of CAD is very expensive and time consuming which made computer scientists to use artificial techniques such as expert system to diagnose CAD’ patients. This study presents a state-of-the-art of the methods and techniques used for the development of expert system to diagnose CAD by scholars. The study found fuzzy logic as the most frequently used and successful technique for the development of the expert system to diagnose CAD. While data mining techniques found to be the second and neural network as third most frequently used and successful technique for the development of the expert system to diagnose CAD. The study further found that, 40% of the studies reviewed to use hybrid approach where fuzzy logic and data mining techniques were used in the development of the expert system for diagnosis of CAD. Keywords: expert system; artificial intelligence; fuzzy logic; data mining; coronary artery disease.