Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evaluation of purified lignin and hemicellulose as prebiotics candidates for Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L.

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate the potential of purified lignin and hemicellulose as prebiotics in diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , postsmolt in seawater (30 ppt) at 14.9 ± 1.2°C. Triplicate groups of fish (initial individual body mass of 101.6 ± 1.2 g) were fed either the fishmeal-dense (32% of fishmeal) control diet (A) or one of the nine diets (15% fishmeal) supplemented with lignin:hemicellulose ratios (% diet:% diet) of 0.05:0 (B), 0.25:0 (C), 0.50:0 (D), 1.00:0 (E), 0:0.05 (F), 0:0.25 (G), 0:0.50 (H), 0.05:0.25 (I), and 0.25:0.50 (J) for 12 weeks in a complete randomized experimental design. At the end of the experiment, the thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) was significantly lower in salmon fed diets with 0.50% and 1.00% purified lignin than those fed the control diet, while there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the control diet (P < 0.05). The feed efficiency (FE) was significantly lower in salmon fed diets with 0.50% and 1.00% purified lignin and 0.05% hemicellulose than those fed the control diet, while there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the control diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal villus length, and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients in diets were similar (P > 0.05) among all the diets. This study demonstrated that inclusions of up to 0.25% of dietary purified lignin alone, and 0.25%–0.50% of dietary hemicellulose alone or in combination with dietary lignin can be considered as candidate prebiotics in Atlantic salmon nutrition.
Alternative genomic diagnoses for individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Dubowitz syndrome

Dubowitz syndrome (DubS) is considered a recognizable syndrome characterized by a distinctive facial appearance and deficits in growth and development. There have been over 200 individuals reported with Dubowitz or a “Dubowitz‐like” condition, although no single gene has been implicated as responsible for its cause. We have performed exome (ES) or genome sequencing (GS) for 31 individuals clinically diagnosed with DubS. After genome‐wide sequencing, rare variant filtering and computational and Mendelian genomic analyses, a presumptive molecular diagnosis was made in 13/27 (48%) families. The molecular diagnoses included biallelic variants in SKIV2L, SLC35C1, BRCA1, NSUN2; de novo variants in ARID1B, ARID1A, CREBBP, POGZ, TAF1, HDAC8, and copy‐number variation at1p36.11(ARID1A), 8q22.2(VPS13B), Xp22, and Xq13(HDAC8). Variants of unknown significance in known disease genes, and also in genes of uncertain significance, were observed in 7/27 (26%) additional families. Only one gene, HDAC8, could explain the phenotype in more than one family (N = 2). All but two of the genomic diagnoses were for genes discovered, or for conditions recognized, since the introduction of next‐generation sequencing. Overall, the DubS‐like clinical phenotype is associated with extensive locus heterogeneity and the molecular diagnoses made are for emerging clinical conditions sharing characteristic features that overlap the DubS phenotype.
Reference values for 2‐dimensional and M‐mode echocardiography in Friesian and Warmblood horses

Abstract Background Echocardiographic reference intervals for Friesian horses are poorly described. Objectives To obtain reference intervals for echocardiographic measurements in Friesians and compare these with Warmbloods. Animals One hundred healthy adult Friesians and 100 healthy adult Warmblood horses. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Two‐dimensional and M‐mode echocardiographic images were obtained. Echocardiographic measurements, including size, area, and volumetric measurements of left atrium, left and right ventricle, aorta, and pulmonary artery, were performed. Measurements were compared between the 2 breeds using an independent samples t test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results Reference ranges for standard echocardiographic measurements in Friesians were obtained. Several left ventricular measurements were significantly smaller in Friesians compared to Warmbloods, such as the left ventricular end‐diastolic volume using the 4‐chamber modified Simpsons' method (99.85% confidence interval for the difference [CI] = −245 to −63). Also the right ventricular end‐diastolic and peak‐systolic internal diameter were smaller in Friesians (99.85% CI = −1.33 to −0.6 and 99.85% CI = −1.54 to −0.76, respectively). Fractional shortening (99.85% CI = 0.61‐6) and ejection fraction (99.85% CI = 0.21‐4.6) were significantly larger. No structural effects of systemic hypertension, such as concentric hypertrophy, were detected. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our study provides reference intervals for echocardiographic measurements in Friesians useful in a clinical setting. In general, the left ventricular dimensions in Friesians were significantly smaller compared to Warmbloods, emphasizing the need for breed‐specific reference intervals.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the intertidal crab Parasesarma Tripectinis (Arthropoda, Decapoda, Sesarmidae)

Abstract Parasesarma tripectinis is known as an intertidal crab and inhabits Asian region. This crab has larval release at semilunar rhythm. Here, we report the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), which is composed of 15,612 base pair (bp) encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and an A + T rich region. The nucleotide composition of P. tripectinis was G + C: 25.8%, A + T: 74.2%, with a strong AT bias. Phylogenetic analysis using whole mitogenome figured out that P. tripectinis was closely related to Sesarma neglectum which belongs to the same family Sesarmidae.
A Review on Lasers in Remineralization of Carious Lesions

Introduction: Dental caries are still public health problems, and untreated caries lesions are the most prevalent chronic oral problems. Laser therapy is the minimally invasive treatment approach for remineralization of demineralized tooth structure. Aim: The aim of the study is to emphasize the various effects of lasers on the remineralization of enamel. Materials and methods: The use of lasers in preventive dentistry and its effecton remineralizing the tooth structure. Discussion: the use of lasers in remineralization of carious lesions, its effects on tooth structure, and hazardous effects have been reported. Conclusion: To have a precise diagnosis and to select a proper and successful laser-assisted treatment modality for remineralization, the clinician should have a comprehensive understanding of the principles and fundamentals of laser and its helpful abilities.
Schottky Junctions with Silver Based on Zinc Oxide Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

This work reports on the Schottky junctions based on zinc oxide layers (grown by Atomic Layer Deposition from dimethylzinc (Zn(CH3)2) or diethylzinc (Zn(C2H5)2) and water precursors). If the strict electrical requirements (electron concentration not higher than 10 cm and mobility above 10 cmVs) for ZnO are fulfilled, the rectification ratio of ZnO/Ag Schottky junction as high as 10 for low forward bias (2 – 3 V) can be achieved. The ideality factor of about η ≈ 2.65 was calculated basing on the pure thermionic emission theory.
Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning through Scene Decomposition for Autonomous Urban Driving

Reinforcement learning combined with utility decomposition techniques have recently demonstrated the ability to scale existing decision strategies to autonomous driving environments with multiple trafﬁc participants. Although these techniques are promising, it is not clear how their performance would generalize past the demonstrations on a limited set of scenarios. In this study, we investigated the possibility of fusing existing micro-policies to solve complex tasks. Specifically, we applied this method to autonomous urban driving by developing a high-level policy composed of low-level policies trained on urban micro-scenarios using hierarchical deep reinforcement learning. To demonstrate this, we solved for low-level micro-policies on a simple two-lane left-lane change scenario and a simple single-lane right-turn merging scenario using Deep Q-Learning. We used utility decomposition methods to solve for a policy on a higher level composite scenario given as a two-lane right turn merging scenario. We achieved promising results using utility decomposition compared to the baseline policy of training directly on the complex scene. In the future, we plan on developing a city-level policy composed from multiple micro-policies by continuing to develop an algorithm that efﬁciently and accurately decomposes scenes.
A kinetic evaluation on NO2 formation in the post-flame region of pressurized oxy-combustion process

Pressurized oxy-combustion is a promising technology that can significantly re-duce the energy penalty associated with first generation oxy-combustion for CO2 capture in coal-fired power plants. However, higher pressure enhances the production of strong acid gases, including NO2 and SO3, aggravating the corrosion threat during flue gas re-circulation. In the flame region, high temperature NOx exists mainly as NO, while conversion from NO to NO2 happened in post-flame region. In this study, the conversion of NO ? NO2 has been kinetically evaluated under representative post-flame conditions of pressurized oxy-combustion after validating the mechanism (80 species and 464 reactions), which includes nitrogen and sulfur chemistry based on GRI-MECH 3.0. The effects of residence time, temperature, pressure, major species (O2/H2O), and minor or trace species (CO/SOx) on NO2 formation are studied. The calculation results show that when pressure is increased from 1 to 15 bar, NO2 is increased from 1 to 60 ppm, and the acid dew point increases by over 80? C. Higher pressure and temperature greatly reduce the time required to reach equilibrium. With increasing pressure and decreasing temperature, O plays a much more important role than HO2 in the oxidation of NO. A higher water vapor content accelerates NO2 formation in all cases by providing more O and HO2 radicals. The addition of CO or SO2 also promotes the formation of NO2. The NO2 formation in a pressurized oxy-combustion furnace can be over 10 times that of an atmospheric air-combustion furnace.
Algorithms for Data Science: Lecture on Dynamic Programming

Dynamic programming is a powerful algorithmic design technique which most of you have already learned in your undergraduate algorithms class. For a large class of seemingly exponential problems, one can design polynomial time solution often only via dynamic programming. There does not seem to be any other systematic technique with similar universal applicability. History. Richard E. Bellman (1920-1984, IEEE Medal of Honor 1979) “Bellman . explained that he invented the name ‘dynamic programming’ to hide the fact that he was doing mathematical research at RAND under a Secretary of Defense who had a ‘pathological fear and hatred of the term, research. ’ He settled on the term ‘dynamic programming’ because it would be difficult to give a ‘pejorative meaning’ and because ‘It was something not even a Congressman could object to’. ” [John Rust, 2006] [Taken from Eric Demaine’s lecture note at MIT] The main bottom-line technique for dynamic programming is to remember (memoize) and reuse solution of subproblems. Let us consider as an example, computing edit distance of two strings of length n.
Emergence of Theory of Mind Collaboration in Multiagent Systems

Currently, in the study of multiagent systems, the intentions of agents are usually ignored. Nonetheless, as pointed out by Theory of Mind (ToM), people regularly reason about other's mental states, including beliefs, goals, and intentions, to obtain performance advantage in competition, cooperation or coalition. However, due to its intrinsic recursion and intractable modeling of distribution over belief, integrating ToM in multiagent planning and decision making is still a challenge. In this paper, we incorporate ToM in multiagent partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and propose an adaptive training algorithm to develop effective collaboration between agents with ToM. We evaluate our algorithms with two games, where our algorithm surpasses all previous decentralized execution algorithms without modeling ToM.
Effect of Stress Conditions on Body Composition Parameters of Farmed Rohu ( Labeo rohita )

Various stressors affect the body composition of fish. The current study was undertaken to investigate the effect of stress conditions on the body composition of farmed Labeo rohita. Sixty fingerlings were subjected to experimentation in aquaria after being acclimatized. The specimens were divided into control, starvation stress and double stress (pH 8 and starvation) groups with 20 individuals in each group. Fish samples for the estimation of body composition were taken after 12 days, 24 days, 36 days and 48 days. Standard procedures and protocols were used for analysis. There was a trend of gradual increase in ash contents (% dry body weight) in starvation and double stress group with increase in number of days. However, fat contents (% dry body weight) considerably decreased and protein contents remained unchanged. The inter-comparison of three groups showed that there was significant effect of starvation and double stress on water contents (%) after 36 days; on ash contents (% dry body weight) after 12 days, 24 days, 36 days and 48 days; on fat content (% dry body weight) after 12 days and 24 days; and on protein contents (% dry body weight) after 24 days. The lipids were the major constituents of Labeo rohita that responded to starvation being main energy source for fish.
Use of l 1 minimization to detect localized damage in structures using incomplete modal information

2325 ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to provide a new theoretical basis to localize damage in structures using highly incomplete modal information, such as a small subset of the spectrum. The paper employs well-established ideas from sensitivity-based model updating and offers a new perspective on the problem by using the l1 norm to solve the inverse problem. It is shown that in contrast with the more traditional l2 (Euclidean) norm minimization, the proposed l1 norm minimization approach enables accurate examination of a set of potentially damaged locations much larger than the subset of the spectrum used in the formulation of the sensitivity matrix. The main prerequisite is that the damage must be sparse, i.e. occur in a small number of (unknown) locations with respect to the size of the domain, no other information regarding the damage is required. The computational effort necessary to solve the l1 optimization is larger than in traditional Euclidean norm minimization and requires the use of convex optimization methods. However, given the results that can be obtained, the computational effort is justified.
Latency and Power Aware Reliable Intrusion Detection System for Ensuring Network Security in Military Applications

Intrusion detection system is a most concerned research area which needs to be detected earlier to avoid the unwanted network errors and problems. The accurate and reliable intrusion detection is a most focused research problem in various domains which is found to be more difficult issue. This is focused and resolved in the previous research work namely Prioritization Based Delay Avoided Secured and Reliable Data Transmission Method (PBDASRDT). However, this research method doesn’t focus on the energy conservation parameters. And also previous work doesn’t discuss about the security provisioning methods. This is focused and resolved in this research method by introducing the method namely Latency and Power aware Reliable Intrusion Detection System (LP-RIDS). In this research method latency and power consumption of servers in which intrusion detection is performed is reduced considerably by introducing the secondary cluster head selection process. This secondary cluster head can perform the energy management of IDS servers optimally between the nodes and gateway. And then security of the intrusion detection system is enhanced by introducing the dynamic key based encryption technique. Here the dynamic key generation process is done in the secondary cluster head and the encryption is done by using AES technique. This methodology can improve the network performance considerably by detecting the attacks more accurately with reduced latency and delay. The overall evaluation of the research method is done in the NS2 simulation environment from which it is proved that the proposed research method leads to ensure the enhanced outcome than the existing research methods. This method proved to provide the protection from the denial of service attacks in the efficient way, thus ensuring security with reduced computational cost
EFFECTS OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON MICRO-HARDNESS DISTRIBUTION IN PULSE ARC 304L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WELDED PLATES

An experimental investigation to study the influence of welding current, arc voltage and shielding gas flow rate on micro-hardness distribution of Grade 304L steel using pulse gas metal arc welding (pulse-GMAW) was accomplished. In this research, three factors, five levels full factorial central composite rotatable design has been practised to craft mathematical model and to associate microhardness distribution of 304L weld with pulse gas metal arc welding process variables. Efforts have also been made to correlate the influence of the cooling rate and alloying elements on micro-hardness of Grade 304L welded steel plates. The results indicate process parameters have profound effects in alteration of the micro-hardness distribution of weld. It was observed that at low cooling rates, micro-hardness of the weld was least and increases as the cooling rate was increased. Investigations have also reported that cooling rate and alloying elements significantly vary micro-hardness, Chromium equivalent to Nickel equivalent (Creq/Nieq ratio), and ferrite content for Grade 304L steels weld samples. Weld-solidification results in Ferritic-Austenitic (FA) mode that was found extremely receptive to both process parameters and weld-composition.
T Theta-Gamma Cross-Frequency Analyses ( Hippocampus )

Brain oscillations of different frequencies can coexist and influence each other. A crossfrequency interaction occurs when a feature from one oscillation (i.e., instantaneous amplitude, phase, or frequency) depends on a feature from another oscillation at a distinct frequency. These phenomena have been collectively called crossfrequency coupling (CFC). There are multiple types of CFC, such as phase-amplitude coupling, amplitude-amplitude coupling, and n:m phaselocking. Several metrics have been devised to quantify CFC. Detailed Description
Chosen aspects of thermo-mechanical phenomena in resin bonded sands by use of Hot Distortion tests

In prcscnted article the problems on thermo-mechanical phenomena. which occur in mould submitted 20 zhcrmal choc. arc discussed. The author t r i d to answer rhe question concerning thc uscfulncss o f Hot Distorzion tests (HD) for estimation of parametcrs necessary in data basc oTsimulation codes. which permit forecasting both strcss ficlds and location olzones mcnaccd by tcars in castings. The total Iack oh these paramcrcrs which shouId bc acccssiblc as rcmpcra! ure F~rnct ion, csp~cially in high tcrnpcm! i~rc rangc 41T rnoi~ld hcating was should, Usability of typical mcthods serving to mctal alloys (clast icily modulus, yicld. Poisson coelficicnt, dilatation cocfficicnt) is limired. Bcsides sinplc cxccptions, thc rncchanical characteristics 01" mould sands (R compression, R tcnsion. R hcnding) docsn? obhrain the elaborated mc! hndology and cotrespanding apparatus. Thc mc~hndotocy and cquipment. being propscd in thc '70s hv RCIRA, allowed to study rnnuld sand feature callcd Hot Distortion. In this p a v r the I ID methodological basis of BClRA mcthod arc showcd. Thc modern apparatus DMA bascd on BCIRA mczhod was claboratcd and manulacturcd n fcw ycars ago in Poland. The author of this pawr makes rcccntIy a modification of DMA. Two thcrmic sources (clcctric and gascous) to sarnplc hcating was testcd and analyscd. I t was intmduced the cxtended measurement and recording of choscn parameters. i.e, variability of tcmpraturc field in hcated sample. by trsc of pyromctcr and thermal camera. The analysis or rcsulrs according lo the interpretation or bchavior of quartz sands bonded by fzlranio rcsin was donc.
ACCURACY OF DIGITAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL ROOT POSITION PREDICTION VIA DIGITIZED MODELS

A well-executed orthodontic treatment has accurate root positioning as an integral pillar for its success. Unfortunately, contemporary methods used to visualize root positions are flawed in accuracy, resolution or excessive amount of radiation. This study was carried out to visualize the root position with a less radiation dose. At “Timepoint 0” a Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was taken for the patient before the start of the treatment. At “Timepoint 1” a CBCT was taken as a Reference Standard along with a digital extra-oral scan. A Predicted Root Position (PRP) assembly was made and compared to the Reference Standard to detect discrepancies between both. Mesiodistal tip analysis after indirect superimposition found displacement differences of 1.85 ± 1.09mm for the maxillary roots and 1.79 mm ± 1.16 mm for the mandibular roots. For buccolingual torque, displacement differences of 2.13 ± 1.52mm for the maxillary roots and 2.29 mm ± 1.59 mm for the mandibular roots. For root tip displacement, displacement differences of 1.57 ± 0.86mm for the maxillary roots and 1.44 mm ± 0.82 mm for the mandibular roots.
Issues in Information Systems

More than 100 million Americans have diabetes or prediabetes (29 and 84 million, respectively). Factors such as overweight, sedentary behavior, and history of diabetes in the family have been commonly associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. Extant literature now points to the effect of socio-economic factors such as education, income, ethnicity, and physical location on the prevalence of the disease. This research aims to investigate the impact of social determinants on diabetes with a particular emphasis on the digital divide. We used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for diagnosed diabetes prevalence, obesity prevalence, and leisure time physical inactivity data for the year 2013 by county. We contrasted the diabetes prevalence data against social factors such as race, educational attainment, income, poverty, unemployment, and digital divide obtained from the US Census Bureau data. Used bivariate, multivariate and regression analysis reveals a statistically significant relation between the prevalence of diabetes and digital divide, race, education, income and unemployment rate, obesity prevalence, and leisure time physical inactivity (P<0.000). Overall, the results demonstrate the significant role of the digital divide in influencing chronic conditions such as diabetes.