Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Author ' s personal copy eT 2 FIS : An Evolving Type-2 Neural Fuzzy Inference System

There are two main approaches to design a neural fuzzy system; namely, through expert knowledge, and through numerical data. While the computational structure of a system is manually crafted by human experts in the former case, self-organizing neural fuzzy systems that are able to automatically extract generalized knowledge from batches of numerical training data are proposed for the latter. Nevertheless, both of these approaches are static where only parameters of a system are updated during training. On the other hand, the demands and complexities of real-life applications often require a neural fuzzy system to adapt both its parameters and structure to model the changing dynamics of the environment. To counter these modeling bottlenecks, intense research efforts are subsequently channeled into the studies of evolving/online neural fuzzy systems. There are generally two classes of evolving neural fuzzy systems: the Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) systems and the Mamdani systems. While most existing literature consists of evolving Type-1 TSK-typed and Type-1 Mamdani-typed models, they may not perform well in noisy environment. To improve the robustness of these neural fuzzy systems, recent efforts have been directed to extend evolving Type-1 TSK-typed neural fuzzy systems to Type-2 models because of their better known noise resistance abilities. In contrast, minimum similar effort has been made for evolving Mamdani-typed models. In this paper, we present a novel evolving Type-2 Mamdani-typed neural fuzzy system to bridge this gap. The proposed system is named evolving Type-2 neural fuzzy inference system (eT2FIS), and it employs a datadriven incremental learning scheme. Issues involving the online sequential learning of the eT2FIS model are carefully examined. A new rule is created when a newly arrived data is novel to the present knowledge encrypted; and an obsolete rule is deleted when it is no longer relevant to the current environment. Highly over-lapping fuzzy labels in the input–output spaces are merged to reduce the computational complexity and improve the overall interpretability of the system. By combining these three operations, eT2FIS is ensured a compact and up-to-date fuzzy rule base that is able to model the current underlying dynamics of the environment. Subsequently, the proposed eT2FIS model is employed in a series of benchmark and real-world applications to demonstrate its efficiency as an evolving neural fuzzy system, and encouraging performances have been achieved. 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. 0020-0255/$ see front matter 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ins. 2012.02. 031 1 Formerly Intelligent Systems Laboratory. ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel. : +65 6790 4926; fax: +65 6792 6559. E-mail addresses: swtung@pmail.ntu.edu.sg (S.W. Tung), ashcquek@ntu.edu.sg (C. Quek), ctguan@i2r.a-star.edu.sg (C. Guan). Information Sciences 220 (2013) 124–148
Participatory Media Culture and Digital Online Distribution—Reconfiguring the Value Chain in the Computer Game Industry

Abstract Contrary to experiences from other media industries, participatory approaches and prosumerism have been integrated into gaming culture and the computer game industry's value generation process for a relatively long time. This is emphasized by the industry's development away from strictly retail-based business toward digital online distribution. This article presents an integrated model of the value chain deduced from an analysis of existing online-based providers. It gives implications for the management of online distribution platforms and the role of prosumerism within the business.
ontrol of nano and microchemical systems

Many advances in the development of nano and microchemical systems have occurred in the last decade. These systems have significant associated identification and control challenges, including high state dimensionality, limitations in real-time measurements and manipulated variables, and significant uncertainties described by non-Gaussian distributions. Some strategies for addressing these challenges are summarized, which include exploiting structure within the stochastic Master equations that describe molecular interactions, manipulating molecular bonds at system boundaries, and manipulating molecules and nanoscale objects through magnetic and electric fields. The strategies are illustrated in a icrochemical systems olecular nanotechnology variety of applications that include the estimation of nucleation kinetics of protein and pharmaceutical crystals within fluidic devices, the estimation of concentration fields using DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotube-based sensor arrays, the simultaneous control of nanoscale geometry and electrical activation during thermal annealing in a semiconductor material, and the control of nanostructure formation on surfaces. Promising directions for research and technology development are identified for the
Transcription factor Efg 1 contributes to the tolerance of Candida albicans biofilms against antifungal agents in vitro and in vivo

Received 23 November 2011 Accepted 9 March 2012 Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Universiteit Gent, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium VIB Department of Molecular Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
What Can You Expect? The Influence of Gender Diversity in Dyads on Work Goal Expectancies and Subsequent Work Commitment

In an experimental study (N = 60) we showed that gender differences play an important role in the extent to which people expect work goal differences between themselves and their collaborating partner. Participants who interact with a same-sex partner expect this person to pursue the same work goal as the self, whereas those who interact with an opposite-sex partner expect this person to have a different work goal to the self. When these expectancies were confirmed, participants felt relatively little disappointment, developed a clear image of their partner, and felt committed toward future collaboration. However, an expectancy violation caused participants to respond relatively negatively on these measures. These effects are discussed in relation to expectancy violation and congruence theory.
Supplementary Material for Metric Learning for Novelty and Anomaly Detection

In out-of-distribution detection, comparing different detector approaches cannot be done by measuring only accuracy. The question we want to answer is if a given test sample is from a different distribution than that of the training data. The detector will be using some information from the classifier or embedding space, but the prediction is whether that processed sample is part of the in-distribution or the out-distribution. To measure that, we adopt the metrics proposed in [4]:
Structure and variability of a microbial community at a transect crossing a double gyre structure in the northeastern Adriatic Sea

The effect of environmental conditions on bacterial community structures, production and enzymatic activities was studied in north-eastern Adriatic in the late spring of 2009 in waters belonging to the two gyres, the cyclonic (CG) and the anticyclonic (AG) one, and in waters non-affected by presence of the two gyres. The AG and CG were formed in a same pool of warm, low salinity, nutrient rich waters characterized with increased autotrophic production and abundances. Differences in bacterial community structures and in intensities of cell-specific prokaryotic production and enzymatic activities indicated that CG and AG were isolated cells in which water resided for different time period. Bulk prokaryotic production and enzymatic activities were significantly lower in region outside the influence of the gyres. Bacterial communities of these waters, particularly in deeper layers, were likely introduced by high salinity oligotrophic waters from central Adriatic.
Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Humans hunt or raise a wide variety of animals for meat, which vary from free-range to intensively reared. These animals form a valuable part of human nutrition. Their tissues, including the fat, contain vitamin and other essential nutrients necessary for health. However, animal fat from ruminants and other land mammals is usually regarded as saturated. The purpose of this review is partly to examine the basis for the saturated fat hypothesis of cardiovascular disease given more recent research, to examine the human health effects of animal fats, and partly to draw into one place the diverse knowledge about animal fat and the effects of fat on metabolism. Mechanistic understanding of the initiation of the fatty streak and atherosclerosis calls into question the avoidance of ruminant or porcine fat. Due to high levels of oleic acid, a low n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio in some groups, and the presence of specific micronutrients including vitamins and essential fatty acids, animal fats are of benefit in human nutrition. Animal fats can be obtained in minimally processed form making them a convenient source of energy and micronutrients.
An analysis of radioactivity distribution in soil particles using an autoradiogram method

Abstract More than 22,000,000 m3 of soil was contaminated with cesium (Cs) radioisotopes following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. For site remediation, it is necessary to reduce this huge volume of contaminated soil. To achieve this, we investigated the distribution of contamination within soil particles. We measured the radioactivity distribution in soil particles using an autoradiogram (ARG) method, with a resolution of 50 × 50 μm, and also determined the elemental distributions with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ARG showed that almost all particles were uniformly contaminated with Cs radioisotopes, while the elemental distributions indicated that the particles were clay aggregates. These results suggest that, by impacting contaminated particles with each other and classifying them, we can reduce the volume of contaminated soil.
PERFORMANCE OF A PASSIVE FEEDLOT RUNOFF CONTROL AND TREATMENT SYSTEM

The recent signing of the NPDES permit regulations and effluent limitations guidelines for CAFO has generated much interest from smaller beef cattle feeding operations for a more cost-effective solution for managing feedlot runoff. A passive runoff control and treatment system was constructed to reduce long-term liquid storage, provide solids separation, and evenly distribute the liquid discharge for grass hay production. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this passive system for reducing contaminant discharge. The system effectively reduced the cumulative mass of total and volatile suspended solids and reduced chemical oxygen demand by 80%, 67%, and 59%, respectively. Significant reductions of these constituents in the runoff water as it passed through the system were measured for most precipitation events. No water was measured exiting the vegetative filter strip during the three-year period of this study. Therefore, the discharge water was effectively contained and used for hay crop production. Estimated total nitrogen (TN) load in the discharge water entering the vegetative filter strip was equivalent to or less than the TN removed by the crop. System robustness was demonstrated during feedlot pen renovation when significant reductions in contaminant concentrations were measured for most all precipitation events during that period.
4677 International Student Migration : A Partial Identification Analysis

This paper studies the decision made by a family to invest in student migration. We propose an empirical structural decision model which reflects the importance of both the return to the investment and the budgetary constraint in the choice of the family. We circumvent the problem of endogeneity of the educational attainment by deriving sharp bounds and conduct inference for the parameters of interest. The data are collected on students from Cameroon, using a new snowball sampling procedure, which allow the inclusion of both migrants and non-migrants in the sample. We propose bias corrected estimators for this procedure. We study the characteristics of potential candidates to migration that increase or decrease their probability to migrate, accounting for a potential helper in the diaspora. Among the interesting results we find that a choice to complete a Master’s degree doubles the odds of migration, there is little evidence of gender preference, students migrants are positively selected on their previous academic results. JEL-Code: C130, C250, D850, I250, J610.
Structurally Homologous Domains Export Is Assembled via Conserved Protein Complex for Lipopolysaccharide The Escherichia coli Lpt Transenvelope

Published Ahead of Print 4 January 2013. 2013, 195(5):1100. DOI: 10.1128/JB.02057-12. J. Bacteriol. Polissi Dehò, Martino Bolognesi, Daniel Kahne and Alessandra Louise J. Gourlay, Marco Nardini, Paola Sperandeo, Gianni Riccardo Villa, Alessandra M. Martorana, Suguru Okuda, Structurally Homologous Domains Export Is Assembled via Conserved Protein Complex for Lipopolysaccharide The Escherichia coli Lpt Transenvelope
Nutrient digestibility of wheat wet and dried distillers' grain in growing pigs

The research was conducted to evaluate ileal and total tract digestibility of crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM) and energy in growing pigs supplied with dietary inclusion of commercially available wheat wet distillers grain with solubles (WWDGS) and wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (WDDGS). Seven castrated male pigs with post valve t-caecum (PVTC) cannulas with an average initial body weight of 79 kg were fed two experimental diets (W and D) in a change-over design. Diet W was composed of 50% WWDGS and 50% basal diet, and diet D was composed of 50% WDDGS and 50% basal diet. The basal diet was composed of corn starch, sugar, premix and titanium dioxide. A casein-based diet was fed prior to and after the study to estimate the basal endogenous nitrogen and amino acid (AA) losses. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) for CP in diet W was higher (p 0.05) between the diets. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was recorded higher (p 0.05) in energy digestibility. Endogenous losses for each pig was evaluated separately and used for calculation of standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA. The average endogenous losses of CP were from the pre- and post period was 8.53±0.95 g/kg DM of digesta. The SID value for CP, methionine and lysine in diet W was higher (p<0.05) than for diet D. There was significant increased variation in lysine digestibility in WWDGS than in WDDGS. Differences between the production plants and in chemical composition between grain sources were the main reasons for different nutritional values between the distillers grain products. Despite excellent nutritional properties, the low dry matter content, decreased P digestibility and high transportation cost, limits the use of WWDGS to a local area within reasonable distance from the factory.
Geographic variation in seaweed induced responses to herbivory

Recent work on European (Swedish and English) populations of Ascophyllum nodosum has detected inducible defenses in response to snail grazing that include a decrease in algal palat- ability and an increase in phlorotannin concentration, a class of potential chemical defenses. How- ever, tests of induced responses in other A. nodosum populations are lacking and we thus have a lim- ited understanding of how widespread such responses are in fucoid algae. We exposed a North American (Massachusetts) A. nodosum population to Littorina obtusata, the same snail species used in previous studies, and tested for the presence of inducible responses during 2 experiments. In con- trast to European populations, the North American population of A. nodosum did not develop any such responses. Exposure to either direct grazing or just waterborne cues associated with grazing for 26 d failed to suppress the palatability of artificial foods made from seaweed tissues exposed to these treatments. In addition, exposure to grazer cues did not increase seaweed phlorotannin levels com- pared to controls. The lack of induced responses in the North American population cannot be attrib- uted to tissue type or potential seasonal variation in inducibility because each of our 2 independent experiments tested for responses in 2 tissue types (apical tips and basal shoots) in both the winter and spring. Furthermore, consistent with European work, the North American population lacked obvious grazing damage at the time of collection, suggesting that the differences we observed were unrelated to recent history with grazers. Thus, our work and that of others indicates that A. nodosum displays considerable inter-population variability in its response to a single herbivore species.
Phonetic Transcription by Untrained Annotators

The paper presents an application for lay, untrained users to generate high-quality, aligned phonetic transcription of speech. The application has been in use for several years and has served to transcribe over 600 thousand word forms over two versions of a web interface. We present measures for compensating the lack of expert training.
First molecular characterization of Galba neotropica in Uruguay

1 Laboratorio de Vectores y enfermedades transmitidas, Facultad de Veterinaria, CENUR Litoral Norte Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay 2 Departamento de Parasitología Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay 3 Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina 4 Facultad de Veterinaria, CENUR Litoral Norte Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
Siberian punk shall emerge here: Egor Letov and Grazhdanskaia Oborona

Abstract Any study of punk rock in Russia will in some way come into contact with the massive influence of Egor Letov, his band Grazhdanskaia Oborona, and their extensive output during the late 1980s. Academia has thus far been reluctant to study the band because of its leader's involvement with dubious right-wing movements and his many tasteless and provocative media stunts during the 1990s. By taking its point of departure in Letov's songs from four stages of his band's development, this article seeks to shed light on Grazhdanskaia Oborona's contribution to the development of punk in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. When it comes to Letov's extremist views in the latter half of his career it attempts to venture beyond reductionist notions of fascism, into the complex landscape of the paradoxical and often confusing mixture of extreme ideologies that sprang out of the Soviet collapse. It will argue that Letov's work – his songs – come over as a lot less contradictory and ideologically extreme than their author's political stunts would suggest. Their aesthetics and ideology are first and foremost punk.
Analysis of precipitation extremes with the assessment of regional climate models over the Willamette River Basin, USA

An appropriate, rapid and effective response to extreme precipitation and any potential flood disaster is essential. Providing an accurate estimate of future changes to such extreme events due to climate change are crucial for responsible decision making in flood risk management given the predictive uncertainties. The objective of this article is to provide a comparison of dynamically downscaled climate models simulations from multiple model including 12 different combinations of General Circulation Model (GCM)–regional climate model (RCM), which offers an abundance of additional data sets. The three major aspects of this study include the bias correction of RCM scenarios, the application of a newly developed performance metric and the extreme value analysis of future precipitation. The dynamically downscaled data sets reveal a positive overall bias that is removed through quantile mapping bias correction method. The added value index was calculated to evaluate the models' simulations. Results from this metric reveal that not all of the RCMs outperform their host GCMs in terms of correlation skill. Extreme value theory was applied to both historic, 1980–1998, and future, 2038–2069, daily data sets to provide estimates of changes to 2‐ and 25‐year return level precipitation events. The generalized Pareto distribution was used for this purpose. The Willamette River basin was selected as the study region for analysis because of its topographical variability and tendency for significant precipitation. The extreme value analysis results showed significant differences between model runs for both historical and future periods with considerable spatial variability in precipitation extremes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the PLA 2-Activated Neutrophilic Oxidative Stress in Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Background: The underlying pathogenesis of fat embolism-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has not been elucidated. In the present study, the pathogenesis of fat embolism-induced ALI was probed in association with neutrophilic oxidative stress in oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI of S-D rats. Methods: OA was injected intravenously to provoke ALI in experimental rats. Five hours later, indices of ALI were measured to confirm the role of the neutrophilic respiratory burst. The effect of an inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was also evaluated. Results: The accumulation of neutrophils in the lung due to OA caused increased neutrophilic oxidative stress in lung, which was ameliorated by mepacrine. What were the results from inhibition of PLA2. Conclusion: Excess neutrophilic oxidative stress contributes to OA-induced ALI, which is lessened by the inhibition of PLA2.
Light-harvesting capabilities of dielectric sphere multilayers

Self-assembled synthetic opals are suitable for integration into solution-processed thin film solar cells. In this work, finite-difference time-domain simulations are carried out to tailor optical properties of monolayer and multilayers of semiconductor spheres to trap light when these structures are incorporated into thin film solar cells. In particular, architectures in which spheres are filled with a photoactive material and embedded in a lower refractive index medium are examined. Based on spectra and field intensity maps, this study demonstrates that opal-like photonic crystals obtained from colloidal templates and filled with light-absorbing material can significantly harvest light by exploiting photonic band resonances.