Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW OF ANIMAL DETECTION AND ANIMAL WARNING SYSTEMS IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE

The purpose of animal detection and animal warning systems is to prevent or reduce the number of animal-vehicle collisions. These systems are specifi cally aimed at large animals (e.g., ungulates) that can cause human death, injury and property damage. Animal detection systems detect large animals before they enter the road and then warn drivers that a large animal is on or near the road at that time. Animal warning systems detect vehicles and then warn the animals through a variety of audio and visual signals. This paper lists all animal detection and animal warning systems known to the authors in September 2003. We identifi ed 27 locations where systems are or have been in place in North America and Europe. In addition, we identifi ed 20 sites for which an animal detection or animal warning systems are planned. We described the main characteristics of the systems and reviewed them with respect to operation and maintenance. We conclude that animal detection and animal warning systems have the potential to be an effective mitigation tool. However, further research and development is needed before they can be applied on a wide scale.
Rotational speed measurement using induction coil sensor inserted in the magnetic field of the rotational permanent magnet

In this paper the application of induction coil sensor, inserted into a mechanical rotational magnetic field of the rotational permanent magnet for the rotational speed measurements has been proposed and described. The sensor is simple, low-cost, and applicable for machine shafts speed measurements (spatially available and unavailable). On the shaft, whose rotational speed is measured, the rotational permanent magnet is fixed. From measured frequency value of induced voltage in the coil sensor the rotational speed value is given using PC with adequate software, interface for the analogue signal conditioning and AD converter. The rotational speed dependence on the induction coil sensor distance from the rotational permanent magnet has been given. The induced voltage dependence on the coil distance from the magnet has been obtained as well. The maximum distance for precise measurements of rotational speed has been determined from those relations.
THEMIS satellite observations of hot flow anomalies at Earth's bow shock

Abstract. Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) at Earth's bow shock were identified in Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) satellite data from 2007 to 2009. The events were classified as young or mature and also as regular or spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs). The dataset has 17 young SHFAs, 49 mature SHFAs, 15 young HFAs, and 55 mature HFAs. They span a wide range of magnetic local times (MLTs) from approximately 7 to 16.5 MLT. The largest ratio of solar wind to HFA core density occurred near dusk and at larger distances from the bow shock. In this study, HFAs and SHFAs were observed up to 6.3 RE and 6.1 RE (Earth radii), respectively, upstream from the model bow shock. HFA–SHFA occurrence decreases with distance upstream from the bow shock. HFAs of the highest event core ion temperatures were not seen at the flanks. The ratio of HFA ion temperature increase to HFA electron temperature increase is highest around 12 MLT and slightly duskward. For SHFAs, (Tihfa∕Tisw)/(Tehfa∕Tesw) generally increased with distance from the bow shock. Both mature and young HFAs are more prevalent when there is an approximately radial interplanetary magnetic field. HFAs occur most preferentially for solar wind speeds from 550 to 600 km s−1. The correlation coefficient between the HFA increase in thermal energy density from solar wind values and the decrease in kinetic energy density from solar wind values is 0.62. SHFAs and HFAs do not show major differences in this study.
Progressive imaging: S-transform order

The paper focuses on progressive transmission of CT or MR images, and introduces two general schemes that are built around information embedded in transforms of images. A direct, a priori ordering of 93, parallel, CT slices of a head is obtained by successively finer sweepings of their natural subscript ordering to give a benchmark illustration. By comparison, an ordering of these CT slices simply by their energies is seen to not provide a viable progressive imaging scheme, at least when an overall, 3D skin level rendering is the gauge employed. To investigate progressive imaging that does not obscure internal detail, two techniques based on transform space information are introduced here, and illustrated in detail with a 128? 128 MR slice of a head I(x, y). The first uses decreasing size of the moduli of the elements of the Fourier transform F(k x , k y ) of I(x, y). The second, a one parameter generalization, exploits the localization feature of the recent S-transform and also provides a capability for an observer to outline a region of interest within the progressive transmission process. Both transform based methods are effective for the specific illustrations included, and the latter opens important research questions for application in analysis, handling or interpretation of the massive data sets arising in magnetic resonance imaging.
Gradient estimates for Gaussian distribution functions: Application to probabilistically constrained optimization problems

We provide lower estimates for the norm of gradients of Gaussian distribution functions and apply the results obtained to a special class of probabilistically constrained optimization problems. In particular, it is shown how the precision of computing gradients in such problems can be controlled by the precision of function values for Gaussian distribution functions. Moreover, a sensitivity result for optimal values with respect to perturbations of the underlying random vector is derived. It is shown that the so-called maximal increasing slope of the optimal value with respect to the Kolmogorov distance between original and perturbed distribution can be estimated explicitly from the input data of the problem.
EXERCISE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TRAINEE TEACHERS IN SINGAPORE AND THE VALIDITY OF FIELD AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE TESTS

The study provides exercise data on the aerobic (shuttle-run test) and anaerobic (stair-run test) field performances of physical education trainee teachers in Singapore and validity data on the field performance tests. Fifty subjects (22 female and 28 male) participated in the study. Male subjects were significantly (P 0.05). This study ameliorates the paucity of exercise data on PE trainee teachers in Singapore, and confirms the validity of field performance tests in assessing the exercise performance in this cohort of subjects. (Biol.Sport 20:43-52, 2003)
The Relationship between the Quality of the Idea and the Strategic Potential of a New Venture: A Longitudinal Study of Five Irish Campus Companies

This paper explores the relationship between the quality of the idea and the strategic potential of five high potential UCD campus companies over a seven-year period. Based on previous research, a framework and model was created and employed as a base for company analysis and comparisons. The findings of this longitudinal study support the existence of a dynamic relationship between the quality of idea and the strategic potential, of new ventures. Over time, constant changing and exploitation of the quality of the idea by the entrepreneur to create systematic differentiation resulted in dramatic changes to the strategic potential of the business.
Studying the impact of biomass burning aerosol radiative and climate effects on the Amazon rainforest productivity with an Earth system model

Abstract. Diffuse light conditions can increase the efficiency of photosynthesis and carbon uptake by vegetation canopies. The diffuse fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) can be affected by either a change in the atmospheric aerosol burden and/or a change in cloudiness. During the dry season, a hotspot of biomass burning on the edges of the Amazon rainforest emits a complex mixture of aerosols and their precursors and climate-active trace gases (e.g. CO2, CH4, NOx). This creates potential for significant interactions between chemistry, aerosol, cloud, radiation and the biosphere across the Amazon region. The combined effects of biomass burning on the terrestrial carbon cycle for the present day are potentially large, yet poorly quantified. Here, we quantify such effects using the Met Office Hadley Centre Earth system model HadGEM2-ES, which provides a fully coupled framework with interactive aerosol, radiative transfer, dynamic vegetation, atmospheric chemistry and biogenic volatile organic compound emission components. Results show that for present day, defined as year 2000 climate, the overall net impact of biomass burning aerosols is to increase net primary productivity (NPP) by +80 to +105 TgC yr−1, or 1.9 % to 2.7 %, over the central Amazon Basin on annual mean. For the first time we show that this enhancement is the net result of multiple competing effects: an increase in diffuse light which stimulates photosynthetic activity in the shaded part of the canopy (+65 to +110 TgC yr−1), a reduction in the total amount of radiation (−52 to −105 TgC yr−1) which reduces photosynthesis and feedback from climate adjustments in response to the aerosol forcing which increases the efficiency of biochemical processes (+67 to +100 TgC yr−1). These results illustrate that despite a modest direct aerosol effect (the sum of the first two counteracting mechanisms), the overall net impact of biomass burning aerosols on vegetation is sizeable when indirect climate feedbacks are considered. We demonstrate that capturing the net impact of aerosols on vegetation should be assessed considering the system-wide behaviour.
Participation of Greek Married Women in Full-Time Paid Employment

In this paper we analyze the static labor supply behavior of married women in Greece using micro data from the National Household Budget Survey of 1998/99. To that end, a conventional Probit model is employed for the estimation of the participation decision; a typical OLS regression corrected for selectivity bias is used for the estimation of the wage equation; and, a Tobit procedure is utilized for the estimation of the labor supply function. The econometric results confirm the presence of a sample selection criterion that separates working from non-working married women. The labor force participation decision is affected by the presence of children, human capital characteristics, region of residence, husbands' earnings and non-work income. The same factors appear to influence, in a plausible manner, the hours of work decision. Moreover, the labor supply elasticity with respect to the hourly wage is about 0.84 (calculated at the sample means). Finally, human capital variables such as education and age appear to explain adequately the observed wage structure of Greek married women.
In Silico Gene Expression Based Analysis on Claudin Family Members Association with Human Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is one of the major types of cancers worldwide. A large amount of effort has been put in order to find the genetic basis of this cancer. Many genes have been reported before out of which claudin family is one of the example. The claudin protein family consists of more than 20 members which are made up of key structural rudiments inside the tight junction. The association of claudin-1 with the thyroid cancer has already been predicted experimentally. In order to investigate the genetic reason of human thyroid cancer computationally, the systematic analysis of claudin gene family has been carried out. To fulfill this task the bioinformatics methodologies are combined for the assessment of claudin gene family expressions. Results obtained showed and verified the association of CLDN1 member with the thyroid cancer.
Bias reduction for correlated linkage error

Linked data sets are often multi-linked, i.e. they are created by matching records from three or more data sources. In such cases, probability-based methods for record linkage may lead to correlated linkage errors. Furthermore, it is often the case that not all records can be linked, due to the linking procedure not being able to find suitable matches in at least one of the data sources. This can be simply because the data source is a sample, and so does not contain the requisite matching records. More generally, however, the probability algorithm used to create the matches may not be able to find another record that meets the minimum criterion for matching. In this paper we develop methods for carrying out regression analysis using multilinked data that allow for both correlated linkage error as well as unlinked records. We also investigate the role of auxiliary information in this process, focussing on the situation where marginal distribution information from the data sets being linked is available. Our simulation results show that recently published bias reduction methods based on an assumption of independent linkage errors can lead to insufficient bias correction in the correlated case, and that a modified approach which allows for correlated linkage errors is superior. We also show that auxiliary marginal information about the data sets being linked can help further reduce the bias due to both non-linkage and linkage errors. key words: probabilistic record linkage; auxiliary population information; multi-linked data; linear regression; estimating equations.
Natural fibres actuators for smart bio-inspired hygromorph biocomposites

Hygromorph biocomposite (HBC) actuators make use of the transport properties of plant fibres to generate an out-of-plane displacement when a moisture gradient is present. HBC actuators possess a design based on the bilayer configuration of natural hygromorph actuators (like pine cone, wheat awn, Selaginella lepidophyll). In this work we present a series of design guidelines for HBCs with improved performance, low environmental footprints and high durability in severe environments. We develop a theoretical actuating response (curvature) formulation of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP)/plant fibres based on bimetallic actuators theory. The actuation response is evaluated as a function of the fibre type (flax, jute, kenaf and coir). We demonstrate that the actuation is directly related to the fibre microstructure and its biochemical composition. The jute and flax fibres appear to be the best candidates for use in HBCs. Flax/MAPP and jute/MAPP HBCs exhibit similar actuating behaviours during the sorption phase (amplitude and speed), but different desorption characteristics due to the combined effect of the lumen size, fibre division and biochemical composition on the desorption mechanism. During hygromechanical fatigue tests the jute/MAPP HBCs exhibit a drastic improvement in durability compared to their flax counterparts. We also provide a demonstration on how HBCs can be used to trigger deployment of more complex structures based on Origami and Kirigami designs.
Geometry and symmetry on Sasakian manifolds

In [26] the second author has given a brief survey about the local generalization to arbitrary Riemannian manifolds of the notion of a reflection with respect to a point, a line or a linear subspace in a Euclidean space. Local symmetries with respect to a point (local geodesic symmetries) are well-known and these local diffeomorphisms are already used at many occasions to study and even to classify some particular classes of Riemannian manifolds (see for example [25]). Local symmetries with respect to a curve, in particular with respect to a geodesic, led to less well-known characterizations of locally symmetric manifolds and spaces of constant curvature [27]. Finally, local symmetries with respect to submanifolds are studied in [21] and they give some nice geometrical resultsin the theory of embedded minimal and totally geodesic submanifolds. Local symmetries with respect to a curve may also be used to study contact geometry, in particular on Sasakian manifolds. On these manifolds, the integral curves of the characteristic vector field are geodesies and the study of the local symmetries with respect to these curves led in a natural way to a very geometrical treatment of the so-called ^-symmetric spaces introduced in [18], These spaces are natural analogues of locally symmetric spaces. (See [4], [5], [6], [18].) In this paper we continue our study of Sasakian geometry but now we focus on local symmetries with respect to geodesies which cut the integral curves of the characteristicvector fieldorthogonally. Such geodesies are usually called ^-geodesies. The main purpose is to use these local symmetries to give new characterizations of ^-symmetric spaces, Sasakian space forms and locally symmetric Sasakian manifolds. In sections 2, 3 and 4 we treat some general preliminaries about Sasakian manifolds and symmetries with respect to a curve thereby focussing on the central role of normal coordinates, Fermi coordinates and Jacobi vector fields. (For more details about contact geometry we refer to [1], [29].) In sections 5, 6 and 7 we prove our main results about symmetry.
Health Related Quality of Life and Weight Self-Efficacy of Life Style among Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese Iranian Adolescents: A Case Control Study

Background: Identifying and investigating the factors influencing self-efficacy and eventually health related quality of life (HRQoL) can be an important step toward the prevention and treatment of the obesity. The aim of the study was to compare weight self-efficacy and HRQoL among normal-weight, overweight and obese Iranian adolescents. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, 118 obese and overweight adolescents (case group) and 118 adolescents with normal weight (control group) were recruited. Adolescent's anthropometric characteristics were measured. The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL), pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQLTM 4.0) and self-reported physical activity were completed by the adolescents. Results: Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for various confounders indicated that overweight and obese adolescents were less likely to be physically active (adjusted odds ratio, AOR= 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 0.911), had lower ability to cope with social pressure (AOR= 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.93), involved in less positive activities (AOR= 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.75), and felt more negative emotions (AOR= 0.23; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.36) than their normal-weight counterparts. Moreover, obese and overweight adolescents were more likely to report deteriorated quality of life in all PedsQL subscales than those with normal weight P<0.05). The results of the mediation analysis indicated that negative emotions mediated the relationship between adolescents’ weight status and HRQoL (Z =-5.79, P<0.001). Conclusion: Weight management programs should focus on increasing adolescent’s control on situations related to negative emotions to improve their HRQoL.
Design and synthesis of probes for detection of protein-protein interaction and RNA localization

The use of the ketone biotin benzophenone-biotin hydrazide system for detecting the formation of cyan fluorescent protein and NF-kappaB p50 dimers was assessed. A series of benzophenone-based probes were synthesized and tested for photocrosslinking activity to investigate the efficiency of photocrosslinking in these systems. Three series of small molecule probes were synthesized for the selection of ribozymes from a random sequence pool. Solid-phase immobilized fluorescein and fluorescein phosphates were synthesized for the indirect selection of a fluorescein phosphatase ribozyme. A corresponding thiophosphate analog was created for the in-gel selection of a thiophosphatase ribozyme via APM-PAGE. Finally, a series of fluorescein-nucleoside phosphate conjugates was designed and synthesized for use in the solution phase preparation of a fluorogenic ribozyme substrate, and later immobilization of this substrate on a silyl resin for direct ribozyme selection. Thesis Supervisor: Alice Ting Title: Associate Professor of Chemistry
A Framework for the evolutionary clustering of dynamic heterogeneous information network based on Hadoop MapReduce

- Evolutionary clustering is a way of dynamic clustering which takes the time period into account which is the most suitable one for clustering the dynamic social networks and information networks. Comparing with the traditional static clustering, evolutionary clustering will provide the information instantly considering the time stamps, which will be helpful to diagnose the entire dynamic network and to retrieve the data as per the user need. The dynamic networks are huge in size which makes it difficult and time consuming to cluster the data whether it may be supervised or unsupervised clustering. In this paper, we have proposed a framework to overcome this difficulty by using hadoop map reduce. This framework combines the evolutionary algorithm and the mapreduce frame work. The map reduce module process the input and splits the data into fragments, and reduces the data size. The evolutionary algorithm, groups the data, satisfying the given criteria in parallel. The map reduce model benefits the clustering technique not only in reducing the size of data and storage but also in processing the data simultaneously among the cluster of computers which facilitates in producing the output even faster.
FDI Trade and Its Effects on Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Evidence From Time Series Analysis Patterns in Neighboring Areas

Agricultural sector is seen as an engine that contributes to the growth of the overall economy of Nigeria, despite several government efforts the sector is still characterized with low yields and limited areas under cultivation due to government dependence on mono-agricultural economy based on oil. This study attempts to evaluate the impacts of FDI, trade and its effects on agricultural sector development in Nigeria between the periods of 1980-2009, in analyzing the variables (VAR) model was used employing a three-step procedure. The Unit root test was conducted using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Parron (PP). Johansen and Juselius multivariate Cointregration test indicate that there is a present of cointregration. Granger causality test result shows that the variables employed have a bidirectional relationship, unidirectional relationship and no casual relationship. It is recommended that in order to boost agricultural output and develop the sector as a whole, more FDI should not only be sourced, there is a need for the government to provide legal and administrative quality framework and encourage more exportation of agricultural output that will enhance foreign exchange earnings and improve the competitiveness of Nigeria agricultural produce in the international market
Introduction to the ATLAS detector at the LHC

ATLAS(A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) is one particle detector at the large hadron collide (LHC), which is the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator at the EUropean Organization For Nuclear Research(CERN) in Switzerland. ATLAS is intended to be a general-purpose detector, rather than focusing on a particular physical process. The most famous result on ATLAS is that it (together with CMS, another detector at LHC) reported the evidence for the existence of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson. The paper is a survey of the component and mechanism of the ATLAS detector. The ATLAS detector consists of three major parts: the Inner Detector, the Calorimeter, the Muon Spectrometer. The Inner Detector consists of the pixel detector, the semi-conductor tracker (SCT) and the transition radiation tracker(TRT). The calorimeter consists of electromagnetic calorimeter and the hadron calorimeter. The muon spectrometer is an extremely large tracking system which consists of two major parts: 1) precision-tracking chambers, 2) triggering-tracking chambers.