Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Studies on the Alimentary Tract of the Egyptian Typhlopid Snake Rhamphotyphlops Braminus

The alimentary tract of the typhlopid snake, Ramphotyphlops braminus was anatomically, histologically and scanning electron microscopically investigated. The gut is differentiated anatomically into the basic ophidian pattern. The absence of constrictions between the oesophagus and stomach, as well as duodenum and ileum was noticed. The large intestine lacks caecum. The mucosal surface of the oesophagus is thrown into numerous prominent longitudinal folds leaving long furrows in between. These folds showed irregular patterns. The gastric mucosa forms large number of primary longitudinal folds. Small furrows were detected in between. The luminal surface of the columnar cells appeared pentagonal. Simple tubular gastric glands open into the gastric pits. The luminal surface of the small intestine appeared as irregular wavy mucosal folds in the fashion of Zig-Zag pattern. The mucosal folds of the small intestine contained short and blunt projections representing the villi. Pentagonal absorptive columnar cells and goblet cells were detected in between these columnar epithelial cells. The internal surface of the large intestine is provided with many irregular wavy folds which anastomose with each other to form complex reticulated pattern leaving shallow cup-shaped depressions. The mucosal surface of the large intestine consisted of simple columnar cells which have pentagonal shape. Many goblet cells were detected between these columnar cells. The wall of the oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine is built up of serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa. The oesophageal mucosa is consisted of simple columnar epithelium. The oesophageal glands were compeletely absent. The gastric mucosa is consisted of simple columnar epithelial cells. The mucosa of small intestine is composed of two types of cells including absorptive and goblet cells. The mucosal epithelium of the large intestine is represented by simple columnar epithelial cells and scattered goblet cells. Mucosa of both small and large intestine lacks intestinal glands as well as crypts of lieberkhün. The PAS-Positive materials, mucopolysaccharides (acid and neutral), and total proteins were histochemically investigated in the different regions of the alimentary tract. PAS-Positive materials are evident in the mucosa of oesophagus, gastric glands of stomach and goblet cells of small and large intestine. High content of both acidic and neutral mucins is displayed in the mucosal epithelium of oesophagus and stomach, gastric glands and goblet cells of small and large intestine. High protein content was detected in the muscularis and mucosa of oesophagus , stomach , small and large intestine. [Ahmed M. Abdeen, Nadia A. Mostafa, Rasha E. Abo-Eleneen and Dena A. Elsadany. Anatomical Studies on the Alimentary Tract of the Egyptian Typhlopid Snake Rhamphotyphlops braminus. J Am Sci 2013;9(5): 504-517]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
The Effect of Common Local and Systemic Conditions on Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Review of Literature

Context: Although dental implant (DI) is an increasingly prevalent therapeutic approach in partial or complete edentulous patients, understanding the bone healing mechanisms and effective factors on it, is still necessary for us. The initial requirement in DI success rate is to achieve a proper wound healing, DI stability and desirable osseointegration, Thereby, assessment of all probable risk factors of DI treatment should be considered prior to a treatment plan. Evidence Acquisition: Literature searching was performed through electronic search in three data bases of MEDLINE, Google scholar and SCOPUS, and also manual search on available performed studies up to June 2013. Results: Though, there are multiple technique-related or patient-related local and systemic factors, which may interfere with proper osseointegration or compromise the long-term implant prognosis. There are just few absolute contraindications for DI therapy such as IV bisphosphonate therapy and severe renal failure. Conclusions: There are few absolute contraindications for DI treatment. As a whole, correct patient selection, and applying standard rules of surgical procedure and DI loading would lead to a successful DI treatment.
The Application of New Chiral Ferrocene Ligands in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones

Four easily available ferrocenyl chiral ligands have been screened firstly for ruthenium (II)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone with HCOOH/Et3N azeotrope as the hydrogen source. A moderate chemical yield of 1-phenylethanol with 83% ee was obtained when (RC, SFc)-1-(Diphe-nylphosphino)-2-[1-N-(3-methylpyridin-2-ylmethyl) ethyl] ferrocene (L1) was used. Particularly, both ruthenium and iridium could coordinate with L1 to accomplish the asymmetric reduction of series of aromatic ketones separately. The desired products were achieved with up to 86% ee. <
Revision of the genus Promicrogaster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, with a key to all species previously described from Mesoamerica

The genus Promicrogaster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica, is revised. A key is provided to all new species as well as those previously described from Mesoamerica. A total of 21 species, all authored by Fernandez-Triana & Boudreault, are described as species nova: alexmartinezi, andreyvallejosi, brandondinartei, daniellopezi, daretrizoi, eddycastroi, eimyobandoae, fabiancastroi, fabriciocambroneroi, hillaryvillafuerteae, kevinmartinezi, kiralycastilloae, leilycastilloae, liagrantae, luismendezi, monteverdensis, naomiduarteae, pablouzagai, ronycastilloi, sebastiancambroneroi, tracyvindasae. A species previously described from India is considered as incertae sedis. Promicrogaster is considered to be restricted to the New World, with the vast majority of the species found in the Neotropics and a few extending north to the Nearctic. Almost 60% of the known species in ACG are found in cloud forests at over 1,000 m altitude. All of the verified and authenticated host records for Promicrogaster are from caterpillars living more deeply inside plant tissue than simply in rolled leaf structures – although no host data from ACG is available. JHR 50: 25–79 (2016) doi: 10.3897/JHR.50. 8220 http://jhr.pensoft. net Copyright Jose Fernández-Triana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Jose Fernández-Triana et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 50: 25–79 (2016) 26
Assay for high-throughput screening of inhibitors of the ASC-PYD inflammasome core filament

The protein ASC is a central component of most inflammasome complexes, forming functional oligomeric filaments that activate large amounts of pro-caspase-1 for further IL-1β processing and the induction of Gasdermin D-dependent cell death. The central role of inflammasomes in the innate immune response pose them as new molecular targets for therapy of diverse acute, chronic and inherited autoinflammatory pathologies. In recent years, an increasing number of molecules were proposed to modulate inflammasome signalling by interacting with different components of inflammasome complexes. However, the difficult in vitro reconstitution of the inflammasome has limited the development of specific on-target biochemical assays for compound activity confirmation and for drug discovery in high throughput screening setups. Here we describe a homogeneous, pH-based ASC oligomerization assay that employs fluorescence anisotropy (FA) to monitor the in vitro filament formation of the PYD domain of human ASC. The absence of additional solubility tags as well as of proteolytic enzymes to initiate the filament reaction makes this assay suitable for testing the direct effect of small molecules on filament formation in high throughput format. The ability of the assay to detect modulators of filament formation was confirmed by using a non-filament forming PYD mutant. The high and reproducible Z’-factor of 0.7 allowed to screen 10,100 compounds by high-throughput screening (HTS) aiming to identify inhibitors of ASC filament. While none of these molecules was able to inhibit ASC filament formation in vitro, the assay is directly amenable to screen other compound classes or validate candidate molecules from other screens.
Advances in optoplasmonic sensors – combining optical nano/microcavities and photonic crystals with plasmonic nanostructures and nanoparticles

Abstract Nanophotonic device building blocks, such as optical nano/microcavities and plasmonic nanostructures, lie at the forefront of sensing and spectrometry of trace biological and chemical substances. A new class of nanophotonic architecture has emerged by combining optically resonant dielectric nano/microcavities with plasmonically resonant metal nanostructures to enable detection at the nanoscale with extraordinary sensitivity. Initial demonstrations include single-molecule detection and even single-ion sensing. The coupled photonic-plasmonic resonator system promises a leap forward in the nanoscale analysis of physical, chemical, and biological entities. These optoplasmonic sensor structures could be the centrepiece of miniaturised analytical laboratories, on a chip, with detection capabilities that are beyond the current state of the art. In this paper, we review this burgeoning field of optoplasmonic biosensors. We first focus on the state of the art in nanoplasmonic sensor structures, high quality factor optical microcavities, and photonic crystals separately before proceeding to an outline of the most recent advances in hybrid sensor systems. We discuss the physics of this modality in brief and each of its underlying parts, then the prospects as well as challenges when integrating dielectric nano/microcavities with metal nanostructures. In Section 5, we hint to possible future applications of optoplasmonic sensing platforms which offer many degrees of freedom towards biomedical diagnostics at the level of single molecules.
Screening of Coulomb interactions in liquid dielectrics

The interaction of charges in dielectric materials is screened by the dielectric constant of the bulk dielectric. In dielectric theories, screening is assigned to surface charges appearing from preferential orientations of dipoles along the local field in the interface. For liquid dielectrics, such interfacial orientations are affected by the interfacial structure characterized by a separate interfacial dipolar susceptibility. We argue that dielectric properties of polar liquids should be characterized by two distinct susceptibilities responsible for local response (solvation) and long-range response (dielectric screening). A microscopic model for dipolar screening in polar liquids is developed here. It shows that the standard bulk dielectric constant is responsible for screening at large distances. The potential of mean force between ions in polar liquids becomes oscillatory at short distances. Oscillations arise from the coupling of collective longitudinal excitations (dipolarons) of the polar liquid with its interfacial density profile. Interfacial electrostatics demonstrates a crossover beyond the solute radius of ∼1 nm from the scaling laws roughly consistent with continuum expectations for small solutes to new scaling trends characterizing the much softer nano-scale solute–solvent interface. This crossover also marks the transition to a continuum-type electrostatic screening between ions, when short-distance oscillation of the potential of mean force become strongly damped. Screening oscillations are enhanced for more structured interfaces.
Comparative Assessment of Lupeol in Wild plant and In Vitro Callus Culture of Hemidesmus indicus by HPLC Technique

Medicinal plants are used as traditional medicines throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide new remedies to mankind. Plants are one of the richest sources of secondary metabolites. The roots of Hemidesmus indicus served as the remedy for leprosy, syphilis, leucoderma, asthma, dysentery, fever and blood, kidney and urinary diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the quantity of lupeol present in callus and wild plant extract of Hemidesmus indicus. The root callus was initiated on MS medium fortified with varied concentrations and combination of different auxins like, 2-4 Dichloro acetic acids (2-4D), napthalene acetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin like, kinetin (Kn) in 250 ml culture flasks. The content of lupeol in callus and root extracts was analyzed by HPLC technique. The highest percentage of callus induction (88.00 %) was observed in MS medium (C7) containing 1.0 mg/l NAA with highest callus growth in terms of fresh weight (946.48±6.6) which resulted in soft friable callus. The callus produced by C7 was used selected for further study. The HPLC study revealed that the quantity of lupeol present in callus extract was more compared to the wild plant extract of Hemidesmus indicus.
A defiance attitude towards experts? On the influence of emphasising researcher’s expertise on participants’ causal attribution ratings in a closed-response format

Objectives. Formal features of a questionnaire influence self-reports on central psychological constructs such as causal attributions: Using open-response formats Norenzayan and Schwarz (1999) demonstrated that respondents provided causal explanations for a given event corresponding with the researcher’s communicated research field. Extending this, our research investigates the influence of emphasising the researcher’s expertise on causal attributions using closed-response formats. Methods. In a 3 (field of research: personality, social, criminology) × 2 (emphasis of expertise: yes, no) between-subjects design, students (N = 144) rated the importance of specified personality-based causal explanations for a crime. Results. ANCOVA analysis (covariates: age, gender, personality dimensions) yielded a significant disordinal medium-sized interaction: When expertise was emphasised for the personality researcher, importance ratings of personality reasons decreased, whereas these ratings increased when expertise was emphasised for the social researcher. Conclusion. Respondents oppose authority and emphasise causal attributions contrary to the researcher’s epistemic interest when expertise is emphasised.
SUMOYLATION OF LYS590 OF THE f-LOOP OF NCX3 BY SUMO1 PARTICIPATES IN BRAIN NEUROPROTECTION INDUCED BY ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING

Lucio Annunziato, Federico II University of Naples Ornella Cuomo, Federico II University of Naples Giuseppe Pignataro, Federico II University of Naples Rossana Sirabella, Fondazione IRCCS SDN Pasquale Molinaro, Federico II University of Naples Serenella Anzilotti, SDN IRCCS Via Gianturco Antonella Scorziello, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Maria Josè Sisalli, Federico II University of Naples Claudia Savoia, Federico II University of Naples Gian Franco Di Renzo,
AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION OF SMALL UAVS BASED ON VEHICLE DYNAMIC MODEL

This paper presents a novel approach to autonomous navigation for small UAVs, in which the vehicle dynamic model (VDM) serves as the main process model within the navigation filter. The proposed method significantly increases the accuracy and reliability of autonomous navigation, especially for small UAVs with low-cost IMUs on-board. This is achieved with no extra sensor added to the conventional INS/GNSS setup. This improvement is of special interest in case of GNSS outages, where inertial coasting drifts very quickly. In the proposed architecture, the solution to VDM equations provides the estimate of position, velocity, and attitude, which is updated within the navigation filter based on available observations, such as IMU data or GNSS measurements. The VDM is also fed with the control input to the UAV, which is available within the control/autopilot system. The filter is capable of estimating wind velocity and dynamic model parameters, in addition to navigation states and IMU sensor errors. Monte Carlo simulations reveal major improvements in navigation accuracy compared to conventional INS/GNSS navigation system during the autonomous phase, when satellite signals are not available due to physical obstruction or electromagnetic interference for example. In case of GNSS outages of a few minutes, position and attitude accuracy experiences improvements of orders of magnitude compared to inertial coasting. It means that during such scenario, the position-velocity-attitude (PVA) determination is sufficiently accurate to navigate the UAV to a home position without any signal that depends on vehicle environment.
CsCl structure at high pressure [6]. Further the smaller value of bulk modulus in CeBi and in CeTe as compared to other Cerium chalcogenides and pnictide

Abstract— In the present paper, we have investigated the high-pressure structural phase transition of cerium monopnictide. The three-body potential model has been used to study the structural properties of this compound. Phase transition pressures are associated with a sudden collapse in volume. The phase transition pressures and associated volume collapses obtained from present potential model show a generally good agreement with available experimental data than others.
Phylogenetic studies uncover a predominantly African lineage in a widely distributed lichen-forming fungal species

A number of lichen-forming fungal species are widely distributed. Here, we investigate biogeographic patterns in a widely distributed isidiate taxon – Parmelinella wallichiana – using molecular sequence data. Our results revealed that Parmelinella wallichina, as currently circumscribed, is not monophyletic but falls into four clades, two of them represented by a sample only. A third clade, occurring in Africa and southern India is described as a new species, Parmelinella schimperiana Kirika & Divakar, sp. nov. Our study adds a further example of previously overlooked, geographically distinct, lineages that were discovered using
Multiple Banking Relationships and Over-Leverage in Italian Manufacturing Firms

The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the determinants of the number of bank lending relationships. In particular we look at the link between over-leverage and the number of banking relationships for a sample of Italian manufacturing firms, distinguishing between firms with a main bank and firms without a main bank. The main result of the paper is that the number of banking relationships increases with over-leverage only for firms without a main bank. We argue that this result is consistent with the view that, when banks perform transaction lending, firms can increase their debt capacity by increasing the number of creditors, promising ex ante up to the full amount of available assets to each one of the creditors.
Molecular characterization of two suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 genes ( SOCS 1 a and SOCS 1 b ) in chickens

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein can inhibit the signal transduction triggered by some cytokines or hormones and thus are important in many physiological/pathological processes, including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, and development in mammals. However, there is sparse information about their structure, tissue expression, in birds, where their biological functions remain unknown. In this study, we cloned and characterized two SOCS1 genes (named cSOCS1a and cSOCS1b) from chickens. SOCS1a is predicted to encode a 207-amino acid protein, which shares high amino acid sequence identity (64%–67%) with human and mouse SOCS1. Besides SOCS1a, a novel SOCS1b gene was also identified in chickens and other non-mammalian vertebrates including Xenopus tropicalis. Chicken SOCS1b is predicted to encode a 212-amino acid protein, which shares only 30%–32% amino acid sequence identity with human SOCS1 and cSOCS1a. RT-PCR assay revealed that both cSOCS1a and cSOCS1b are widely expressed in all chicken tissues. Using a luciferase reporter assay system, we further demonstrated that transient expression of cSOCS1a and cSOCS1b can significantly inhibit chicken growth hormone (GH)or prolactin (PRL)induced luciferase activities of Hep G2 cells expressing cGH receptor (or cPRL receptor), indicating that SOCS1a and SOCS1b proteins can negatively regulate GH/PRL signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that both cSOCS1a and cSOCS1b may function as negative regulators of cytokine/hormone actions, such as modulation of GH/PRL actions in chickens.
Hysteresis and non-uniqueness in the speed of the onset of instability in curtain coating

The maximum speed of stable coating is determined experimentally by the onset of air entrainment in curtain coating onto a pre-wetted surface over a broad range of dimensionless parameters (Reynolds number: $0.14\,{<}\,\hbox{\it Re}\,{<}\,33.02$; capillary number: $0.19\,{<}\,\hbox{\it Ca}\,{<}\,25.07$). We show not only that the substrate speed at the onset of instability is flow-rate dependent for a pre-wetted surface, but that the speed at which instability occurs is not always unique for a given flow rate.
Situated agency: the normative medium of human action

In this paper the notion of individual agency is critically examined in light of the enactive approach to understanding the mind. It is argued that following the work of Hanne De Jaegher, Ezequiel Di Paolo, Tom Froese and others, agency must be considered in terms that are situational rather than bounded by biological individuals. Such a revised notion of agency presents substantive challenges to our current theory and research practices in this area. Drawing on the work of Harry Heft, Roger Barker and others some theoretical and methodological resources are advanced that may help to address these challenges. It is argued that the notion of ‘behaviour settings’ developed by Barker and his colleagues, and refined somewhat more recently by Heft, offers a coherent way of thinking in terms that address the systemic and holistic nature of situated agency.
Genetic Divergence of Bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp . ) Population Using ISSR Markers

Bermudagrass is a widely distributed turf grasses use in Malaysia. Nevertheless, the genetic variation on molecular level of bermudagrass was insufficient. In this study, a sum of 15 cultivars were collected from different accessions in Malaysia and being analyzed using Inter-simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR). A total of 172 fragments were generated from 15 selected ISSR primers. There are 164 polymorphic bands with 95.3% of polymorphism. Fragment size ranged from 120 to 1867bp. The cultivars were clustered into 5 major groups at coefficient level of 0.5 through arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The genetic similarity coefficient was range from 0.25 to 0.61 with an average of 0.43. Satiri and Melaka cultivars were clustered separately from their own hybrid and common clusters, respectively. These findings indicated that ISSR marker is an effective molecular method use to study genetic variation of bermudagrass and could be used for varietal development program. [Shyan YS, Shukor AS, Rafii MY, Shabanimofrad M, Alam MA, Uddin MK, Hakim MA. Genetic Divergence of Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Population Using ISSR Markers. Life Sci J 2014;11(6):425-430]. (ISSN:10978135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 60