Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of ablated surface expansion in pulsed-power-driven experiments using an aerosol dielectric coating

The quality of warm dense matter samples created by magnetic compression can be largely affected by material ablation. When the ablated material carries currents, local instabilities can grow, which can lead to nonuniformities in the final magnetic pressure. Extending the previous work by Peterson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 135002 (2014)], Awe et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 065001 (2016)], and Hutchison et al. [Phys. Rev. E 97, 053208 (2018)], the experiments reported here demonstrate that the expansion of the ablated material can be significantly reduced by using a simple aerosol spray technique. Coating the current-carrying surfaces with a 30–60-μm layer of polyurethane reduced the expansion of the ablated material by a factor of 2 and eliminated material ejections from sharp corners. This technique, tested at the Michigan Accelerator for Inductive Z-Pinch Experiments pulsed power facility at the University of Michigan with currents up to 400 kA, could allow the production of homogeneous warm dense matter samples on pulsed-power drivers. Because of the simplicity of this method, this work brings forth an important contribution to pulsed-power-driven experiments designed to study nuclear fusion, material properties, and radiation science.The quality of warm dense matter samples created by magnetic compression can be largely affected by material ablation. When the ablated material carries currents, local instabilities can grow, which can lead to nonuniformities in the final magnetic pressure. Extending the previous work by Peterson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 135002 (2014)], Awe et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 065001 (2016)], and Hutchison et al. [Phys. Rev. E 97, 053208 (2018)], the experiments reported here demonstrate that the expansion of the ablated material can be significantly reduced by using a simple aerosol spray technique. Coating the current-carrying surfaces with a 30–60-μm layer of polyurethane reduced the expansion of the ablated material by a factor of 2 and eliminated material ejections from sharp corners. This technique, tested at the Michigan Accelerator for Inductive Z-Pinch Experiments pulsed power facility at the University of Michigan with currents up to 400 kA, could allow the production of homogeneous warm dense ma.
Static Validation of Voting Protocols

Due to the rapid growth in computer networks, most people nowadays have access to the internet. This makes electronic voting a viable alternative to the classic paper vote for governmental elections as well as small scale elections and surveys. However, the use of electronic voting systems introduces new ways to systematically disrupt the vote or falsify the result. If these systems are to replace the classical way of voting, the communities that hold the elections, should be convinced of their correctness. In present work we shall present a framework for validating the security properties of electronic voting protocols and describe how this framework has been used to validate four of the five security properties for three of the most well-known voting protocols; FOO92, Sensus and E-Vox. The work presented here was done as part of the work for achieving the master’s degree as presented in the thesis by Esben Heltoft Andersen and Christoffer Rosenkilde Nielsen [1]. Parts of work also appeared in the article Static Validation of a Voting Protocol [6] which was recently presented in Lisbon, Portugal, at The Second Workshop on Automated Reasoning for Security Protocol Analysis (ARSPA’05), one of the satellite workshops of ICALP’05.
Basic algorithms for bee hive monitoring and laser-based mite control

The work in progress described in this paper has the objective to implement a beehive monitoring system to monitor essential parameters of a bee hive (such as temperature, sound, weight) and additionally including an image recognition algorithm to observe the degree of infestation with Varroa mites. Mites should be detected at the entrance and statistics about the degree of infestation should be made available by a web interface. As ultimate approach to fight mites without chemicals the coordinates of the mites are to be detected and a laser will be used to kill them. This work describes approaches relevant to all steps of the aforementioned procedure, however it is still work in progress and the components of the approach still have to be integrated into one system that is deployable in practice.
Dynamic Evaluation Method of Lower Limb Joint Alignment with Parallel Feet (MADAAMI-P): Content validation and Reproducibility

Neutral static alignment, normal movement and a satisfactory segmental interrelationship are described as significant factors in normal asymptomatic function and, when altered, increase the risk of lesions in the lower limbs. It is important to focus on the early identification of joint misalignments. Thus, the present study aims at developing, validating the content developed and confirming the reproducibility of the Dynamic Evaluation Method of Lower Limb Joint Alignment with Parallel Feet (MADAAMI-P), a simple video-based evaluation method using surface markers and a score sheet. The study was carried out in three stages: (1) the Dynamic Evaluation Method of Lower Limb Joint Alignment for dancers (MADAAMI) was adapted; (2) the content validity of the score sheet used in MADAAMI-P was checked; and (3) the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility were evaluated. Cohen's Kappa coefficient and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used in the statistical analysis to analyze the categories of the score sheet criteria and sum of the scores (α <0.05). The results showed that MADAAMI-P presents content validity satisfactory.
Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

We report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3–7 keV, 7–30 keV, and 30–80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2–0.4 TeV, 0.4–0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux–flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer.
Causal Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series with Information Entropy and Random Walk

Significant causality change in multivariate time series is considered one of the primary anomalies in time series dynamics. However, observing causality changes with insufficient and irreproducible data, such as stock price and climate, is challenging. Therefore, we propose a method to detect substantial causal anomalies by generating causality and influence networks from multivariate time series. To form a causality network, each vertex represents a univariate time series. Each edge indicates the strength of the causality between each pair of time series using transfer entropy. With the causality network, we exploit the random walk approach to calculate the influence score between two vertices and create an influence network which reflects both direct and indirect causal influences. In the experiment, we show the validity of the proposed method by using a simple-structured synthetic time series network and analyzing information propagation. Also, we demonstrate how well the proposed networks reflect the status of multivariate time series by detecting anomalies in a real data set such as world stock indices and key performance indicators of an in-memory database system. keywords: multivariate time series, anomaly detection, transfer entropy, random walk student number: 2015-20976
Why curved wind turbine rows are better than straight ones

Wind turbine wake effects in wind farms not only reduce the wind farm power production but also influence the wind farm power dependency on wind direction. In this paper, the wake effects in wind farm layouts consisting of curved and straight wind turbine rows are studied using engineering wake models and a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model. These models predict a similar annual energy production for both wind farm layouts, but show stronger wake losses in the aligned wind directions for a rectangular wind farm layout, while the wake losses for a curved wind farm layout are more spread out over a larger wind direction sector. An energy system level simulation predicts that the enhanced spreading of wake losses over wind directions results in less hourly variability in energy generation on a Danish energy system level. Thus, our results show that a curved wind farm layout is more favorable compared to a wind farm layout with straight rows.
Dielectric-Slab-Loaded Hollow Substrate-Integrated Waveguide $H$-Plane Horn Antenna Array at $Ka$-Band

A dielectric-slab-loaded hollow substrate-integrated waveguide (HSIW) <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>-plane horn antenna with improved impedance matching is proposed based on printed circuit board material FR-4. HSIW is utilized to avoid high dielectric loss. Apart from that, a dielectric slab is added by directly extending the substrates for gain improvement. Moreover, two coupling lines are added above and below the horn aperture for better impedance matching. The proposed HSIW <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>-plane horn antenna shows a maximum realized gain of 11.2 dBi with 77.6% radiation efficiency and 32.9% bandwidth (27.7–38.6 GHz). Based on the antenna element, a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 4$</tex-math></inline-formula> HSIW <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$</tex-math></inline-formula>-plane horn antenna array is proposed. The array shows a maximum realized gain of 17.2 dBi with 66.5% radiation efficiency and 31.9% bandwidth (27.6–38.1 GHz). Good agreements of the measured and simulated results are achieved for both designs. The proposed antenna and array can be good candidates for low-cost millimeter-wave wireless communication systems.
HgCdTe APDs detector developments at CEA/Leti for atmospheric lidar and free space optical communications

HgCdTe APD detector modules telecommunication are developed at CEA/Leti for atmospheric LIDAR and free space optical (FSO). The development is driven by the design and manufacture of generic sub-assemblies that can be adapted in each detector module to meet the specific detector requirements of each application. The optimization of such subassemblies is detailed in perspective of the challenges that are set by the specifications for detector modules currently developed for atmospheric LIDAR, in the scope of an R&T CNES project for Airbus and an H2020 project HOLDON, and FSO, in the scope of an ESA project and in collaboration with Mynaric Lasercom GmbH. Two detector modules have recently been delivered to Airbus DS for extensive LIDAR simulation tests. Initial characterization of these modules shows that the input noise, NEP=10-15fW/√Hz (5 photons rms) have been reduced by a factor three compared to previously developed large area detectors although the bandwidth have been increased to 180 MHz in order to respond to the requirements of high spatial depth resolution. The temporal remanence was 10-4 at 200 ns after the detection of short light impulse, which is compatible with demanding LIDAR applications such as bathymetric profiling.
Visual simulation of refractive errors on monochromatic images and the evaluation of the absolute threshold for vision

We describe a practical approach for modelling and simulating the visual perception of monochromatic images observed by an optical systems with low-order aberrations (i.e., myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism). It is based on Fourier optics and uses a DSLR camera together with additional lenses to validate results of how such aberrations affect vision. We demonstrate its effectiveness by comparing the simulation outcomes against optical ground truth with three objective metrics. In addition to simulation, we present an apparatus to estimate the absolute threshold for vision, and a psychophysical experiment relating the absolute threshold for vision with the eye’s spherical equivalent refraction. Preliminary evaluation has shown that our technique produces convincing results.
Compact ultra-wideband bandpass filter based on composite right/left-handed transmission line with improved out-of-band performance

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel compact ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF). It consists of two composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) unit cells and an anti-coupled line structure. The CRLH-TL unit exhibits good passband performance with a compact size. By cascading the anti-coupled line structure, a wide upper stopband is obtained. The measured fractional bandwidth and insertion loss are 113.9% and 0.52 dB, respectively. Moreover, a broad stopband from 14 to 30 GHz with a high rejection level of 20 dB is obtained. The whole size is 14.4 mm × 10.2 mm. The simulated and measured results agree well.
Trilinear self‐modeling curve resolution using Borgen‐Rajkó plot

Modern analytical instruments provide measurement data arrays with full of hidden and redundant information. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) techniques decompose data set to physic‐chemically meaningful abstract profiles. On the other hand, for such data matrices, Borgen‐Rajkó self‐modeling curve resolution (SMCR) techniques reveal all possible solutions analytically under the minimal assumption. Although Lawton‐Sylvestre (LS) and Borgen methods have been proposed for the non‐negative curve resolution of two‐component and three‐component systems, there is still a great deal of interest to include further restrictions on the Borgen‐Rajkó SMCR. As modern hyphenated analytical instruments produce multiway (eg, three‐way) arrays, multiway analysis (eg, trilinear decomposition) was received much more popularity by chemists.
Compact Macrospin-Based Model of Three-Terminal Spin-Hall Nano Oscillators

Emerging spin-torque nano oscillators (STNOs) and spin-Hall nano oscillators (SHNOs) are potential candidates for microwave applications. Recent advances in three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based SHNOs opened the possibility to develop more reliable and well-controlled oscillators, thanks to individual spin Hall-driven precession excitation and read-out paths. To develop hybrid systems by integrating three-terminal SHNOs and CMOS circuits, an electrical model able to capture the analog characteristics of three-terminal SHNOs is needed. This model needs to be compatible with current electric design automation (EDA) tools. This work presents a comprehensive macrospin-based model of three-terminal SHNOs able to describe the dc operating point, frequency modulation, phase noise, and output power. Moreover, the effect of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) is included. The model shows good agreement with experimental measurements and could be used in developing hybrid three-terminal SHNO/CMOS systems.
Low temperature electroplating for highly conformal x-ray phase contrast gratings

Die Rontgen-Phasenkontrastbildgebung gilt als vielversprechender Zweig der medizinischen Bildgebung, der hohe Auflosung mit hervorragendem Weichgewebekontrast kombiniert. Die dafur notwendigen Rontgengitter gehen an die Grenze dessen, was derzeit als Aspektverhaltnis und lateraler Auflosung durch das LIGA Verfahren hergestellt werden kann. Diese fragilen Resiststrukturen stellen aber neue Anforderungen an die Galvanik. Das thermische Budget der noch nicht metallisierten Strukturen ist sehr gering, so dass ein neues Gold Galvanikbad fur eine noch prazisere Fertigung notwendig wird. Dazu wird ein neues Sulfit- basiertes Gold-Galvanikbad entwickelt, das bei einer Temperatur von 30 C betrieben wird. Zugprufungen und thermische Analysen des Resists nach den Fertigungsprozessen zeigen, dass dieser eine hohenabhangige Vernetzung aufweist, die unterschiedliches mechanischen Verhalten von nominell gleich prozessierten Resiststrukturen hervorbringt. Der Vernetzungsgradient baut zudem mechanische Spannungen zwischen Gitter und Substrat ab. Zum ersten Mal kann gezeigt werden, dass bei 50 C ein Ubergang zu plastischem Bruchverhalten eintritt, was die Verformung im Standard Galvanikbad, das bei 55 C betrieben wird, erklaren kann. Dieses Wissen und das neue Galvanikbad wurden schlieslich genutzt, um bisher unerreichte nahezu perfekte Gitterstrukturen ohne jede Verstrebung herzustellen, die bei Testuntersuchungen die hochsten bekannten Signal-zu- Rausch Werte liefern konnten.
Deep learning-based initialization for object packing

One of the most important optimization tasks in the industry at the current time is the object packing problem. Although several methods have been developed for the purpose of solving it, they are usually only able to optimize placement locally and as such are heavily dependent on the choice of the initial setting – hence the need for trying out multiple possible starting points, which impacts algorithm running time. In this paper we present a neural network-based model which provides sensible starting points in a linear time.
Long-Lead Statistical Forecasts of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Based on Causal Precursors

Skillful forecasts of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) at long lead times (4–5 months in advance) pose great challenges due to strong internal variability of the monsoon system and nonstationarity of climatic drivers. Here, we use an advanced causal discovery algorithm coupled with a response-guided detection step to detect low-frequency, remote processes that provide sources of predictability for the ISMR. The algorithm identifies causal precursors without any a priori assumptions, apart from the selected variables and lead times. Using these causal precursors, a statistical hindcast model is formulated to predict seasonal ISMR that yields valuable skill with correlation coefficient (CC) ~0.8 at a 4-month lead time. The causal precursors identified are generally in agreement with statistical predictors conventionally used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); however, our methodology provides precursors that are automatically updated, providing emerging new patterns. Analyzing ENSO-positive and ENSO-negative years separately helps to identify the different mechanisms at play during different years and may help to understand the strong nonstationarity of ISMR precursors over time. We construct operational forecasts for both shorter (2-month) and longer (4-month) lead times and show significant skill over the 1981–2004 period (CC ~0.4) for both lead times, comparable with that of IMD predictions (CC ~0.3). Our method is objective and automatized and can be trained for specific regions and time scales that are of interest to stakeholders, providing the potential to improve seasonal ISMR forecasts.
Numerical Methods for Many-Body Quantum Dynamics

This thesis describes two studies of the dynamics of many-body quantum systems with extensive numerical support. In Part I we first give a new algorithm for simulating the dynamics of one-dimensional systems that thermalize (that is, come to local thermal equilibrium). The core of this algorithm is a new truncation for matrix product operators, which reproduces local properties faithfully without reproducing non-local properties (e.g. the information required for OTOCs). To the extent that the dynamics depends only on local operators, timesteps interleaved with this truncation will reproduce that dynamics. We then apply this to algorithm to Floquet systems: first to clean, non-integrable systems with a high-frequency drive, where we find that the system is well-described by a natural diffusive phenomenology; and then to disordered systems with low-frequency drive, which display diffusion — not subdiffusion — at appreciable disorder strengths. In Part II, we study the utility of many-body localization as a medium for a thermodynamic engine. We first construct a small ("mesoscale") engine that gives work at high efficiency in the adiabatic limit, and show that thanks to the slow spread of information in many body localized systems, these mesoscale engines can be chained together without specially engineered insulation. Our construction takes advantage of precisely the fact that MBL systems do not thermalize. We then show that these engines still have high efficiency when run at finite speed, and we compare to competitor engines.
Quadrature Rules for C^0 and C^1 Splines, a Recipe

Closed formulae for Gaussian or optimal, 1-parameter quadrature rules in a compact interval [a, b] with non uniform, asymmetric subintervals, arbitrary number of nodes per subinterval for the spline classes S2N, 0 and S2N+1, 1, i.e. even and odd degree are presented. Also rules for the 2 missing spline classes S2N-1, 0 and S2N, 1 (the so called “1/2-rules”), i.e. odd and even degree are presented. These quadrature rules are explicit in the sense, that they compute the nodes and their weights in the first/last boundary subinterval and, via a recursion the other nodes/weights, parsing from the first/last subinterval to the “middle” of the interval. These closed formulae are based on the semi-classical Jacobi type orthogonal polynomials.