Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR DETECTION, TRANSMISSION AND HISTO- PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SEED-BORNE FUNGAL INFECTION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERILL)

Soybean crop being an oilseed crop has been receiving wider attention in India. Over hundred pathogens are known to affect soybean, of which majority are associated with soybean seeds. Seed borne infection of soybean is very important discouraging factor, which possess a serious problem in seed certification. Seed borne infection of the pathogen is generally detected by conventional methods such as blotter method and agar plate method followed by microscopy. But, these techniques are time consuming and not sensitive. The early detection of seed borne infection by novel molecular techniques like Polymeric Chain Reaction (PCR) using fungal specific primer has tested here. ITS1 and ITS4 were used for the diagnostic purpose of seed-borne fungal infection. Oligonucleotide specific primers targeting the ITS region have been demonstrated to selectively detect several agriculturally important fungi. Further the amplified product sequenced and revealed the sample genome has homology with Cercospora kikuchii and Rhizoctonia bataticola genome. The pathogenic ability of seed borne fungi was proved in transmission studies carried out by seedling symptom test and pot culture studies. Finally the histopathological studies revealed the location of seed borne fungi in the infected soybean seeds. In most of the observations the fungal pathogens were occupied in the pericarp, hilum and endosperm regions.
Action learning from human demonstrations for personal robots

Household robots need to perform tasks specific for the owner. With Learning from demonstration (LfD) a robot can learn new tasks from human demonstrations, without requiring programming skills. This thesis investigates a novel representation of actions that can be learned by using only a 3d camera and an object tracker. The action representation is objectbased so it is independent of the morphology of the robot. The actions are represented using the average and standard deviation of multiple demonstrated trajectories with six degrees of freedom. The standard deviation serves as a weight factor for the required accuracy of the recognized or synthesized trajectory. Three novel methods proposed in this thesis aim to reduce variances in the demonstration that are not specific to the action. First the demonstrations are aligned in time using a novel action signature and a novel time warp algorithm. The time warp algorithm can approximate the alignment of multiple multidimensional signals in quadratic computing time. The third novel technique is a dynamically optimized choice of reference frame so variations in start and end position have little influence on the variance in trajectory. This method has been tested on a database of five actions repeatedly demonstrated by six subjects. The results show that it is possible to have a 90 percent action recognition rate with only three demonstrations in the database. It is also shown that a robot can use this action representation to synthesize four out of five actions with varying object positions.
Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Palm Kernel Fibre Nanofluid Using De-Ionized Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixed at Ratio of 50:50 and 60:40

The high level of hazards involved in the use of metallic nanoparticle in nanofluid research is a source of worry since there are reported literatures showing damaging effects of metal oxides to human cells. In this paper, a readily available bio–based Palm kernel fibres were collected and thoroughly washed with water and caustic soda (NaOH) to remove the residual palm oil and sundried for 10 days. Palm kernel fibre nanoparticles were synthesized by subjecting the dry fibre materials to extensive ball milling for 24hours. The resulting nanoparticles were dispersed into mixture of deionized water and ethylene glycol mixed at ratios of 50:50 and 60:40 and subjected to ultrasonic agitation for one hour in a constant temperature thermal bath. Volume fractions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % of nanofluids were formed for the different base fluid mixtures. Particle characterization was done using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Miscroscopy and the result showed slight agglomeration and near spherical shaped particles with average size of about 100 nm. Temperatures was varied from 10 to 50C and thermal conductivity at the different volume fractions were determined for the different base fluids and their nanofluids. Result showed that thermal conductivity increased with increase in volume fraction and temperature and the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were higher than that of the base fluids. An enhancement in thermal conductivity of 16.1 and 18.0 % were recorded for nanofluid with 50:50 and 60:40 (de-ionized water and ethylene glycol) base fluid respectively. Maxwell, Hamilton Crosser and Wasp models defied prediction of theoretical values of thermal conductivity.
Interactive comment on “Assessment of the uncertainty of snowpack simulations based on variance decomposition” by T. Sauter and F. Obleitner

The Abstract is too vague and does not allow the reader to extract the method followed by the authors and the main findings of this study. For example, it should clearly mention where the study has been carried out (the current version only mentions “in a high Arctic environment”) and which factors affect the results. It would also be useful to state the name of the snowpack model in the abstract P2813, l 5, the sentence “measured input except of outgoing infrared” is not clear. Indeed, when using a detailed snowpack model such as Crocus, incoming shortwave and longwave radiations are provided as atmospheric forcing. They can be measured values such as in this study. However outgoing shortwave radiation is not a measured value suggested by this sentence. P2813, l 12, the terms P and M of Eq. 3 should be defined. In Armstrong and Brun (2008), the term E of Eq 3 has a different definition than the one used in this study. In Armstrong and Brun (2008), E is defined as the sublimation and evaporation rate at the surface. P 2814, l 12-13, the term “roughness length for fresh snow” is not precise enough. Please specify which roughness length (see general comment 2). P 2815, l 20, adaptations of Crocus’s parameterisation for fresh snow density have been already proposed in polar environment (Dang et al, 1997, Libois et al, 2014) and could be compared to the modification proposed by the authors. P 2820, l 16-29, precise the time period considered as the “ablation season” and the “accumulation season”. P 2821, l 1-2, Karner et al. (2013) give the 10-year average surplus as KNG6. It would be interesting to give the inter-annual range of surplus so that the reader can better realize the differences between KNG6 and KNG8. P2821 l 25, P 2822, l 19-20, it would be useful if the authors could precise how the ensemble members are generated. For a given member, are the perturbations of the
An investigation of groove type casing treatment on aerodynamic performance of a linear turbine cascade

Highly three-dimensional and complex flow structure in the tip gap between a blade tip and the casing leads to significant inefficiency in the aerodynamic performance of a turbine. The interaction between the tip leakage vortex and the main passage flow is a substantial source of aerodynamic loss. The present research deals with the effect of groove type casing treatment on the aerodynamic performance of a linear turbine cascade. Grooved casings are widely used in compressors in order to improve the stall margin whereas limited studies are available on turbines. In this study, various circumferential grooves are investigated using the computational approach for a single stage axial turbine blade. The specific HP turbine airfoil under numerical investigation is identical to the rotor tip profile of the Axial Flow Turbine Research Facility (AFTRF) of the Pennsylvania State University. The carefully measured aerodynamic flow quantities in the AFTRF are used for initial computational quality assessment purposes. Numerical calculations are obtained by solving the three-dimensional, incompressible, steady and turbulent form of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. A two-equation turbulence model, Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω is used in the present set of calculations. Current results indicate that groove casing treatment can be used effectively in axial turbines in order to improve the aerodynamic performance. Detailed flow visualizations within the passage and numerical calculations reveal that a measurable improvement in the aerodynamic performance is possible using the specific circumferential grooves presented in this paper.
Increasing Research Requirements for Tenure at Teaching Universities: Mission Creep or Mission Critical?

What social forces are driving the increase in research requirements for tenure at teaching universities? Engaging Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, this case study examines a state comprehensive university, at multiple levels of analysis, and via multiple methods. Field theory is a viable alternative to neoinstitutional theory for higher education scholars. The methods used are quantitative content analysis, qualitative discursive analysis and interviews. The study provides a detailed account of whether economic or cultural forces are the stronger influence on the trend to increase research requirements. Economic factors, such as national enrollment trends, do not necessarily have a strong effect on individual institutions, Also, the drive to increase research is not always initiated by administrators, as suggested by the academic-economy argument. Instead, faculty preferences, at the department level, tend to favor of the teacher-scholar model. This varies by academic discipline. The trend to increase research requirements is moving from the ground up, as faculty preferences become part of university manuals and eventually university missions. It is is suggested that it is mission critical for teaching universities to recognize the worth of integrating teaching and research. Teaching and research are theorized as two sides of a coin. The production and dissemination of knowledge is a key source of legitimacy for professors. This core cultural value may be more important than short-term regard for economic gains.
Change Points in Term-Structure Models: Pricing, Estimation and Forecasting

In this paper we theoretically and empirically examine structural changes in a dynamic term-structure model of zero-coupon bond yields. To do this, we develop a new arbitrage-free one latent and two macro-economics factor ane model to price default-free bonds when the parameters in the dynamics of the factor evolution, in the model of the market price of factor risks, and in the process of the stochastic discount factor, are all subject to change at unknown time points. The bonds in our set-up can be priced straightforwardly once the change-point model is re-formulated in the manner of Chib (1998) as a specic unidirectional Markov process with restricted transition probabilities. We consider four versions of our general model - with 0, 1, 2 and 3 change-points - to a collection of 16 yields measured quarterly over the period 1972:I to 2007:IV. Our empirical approach to inference is fully Bayesian with priors set up to reect the assumption of a positive term-premium. The use of Bayesian techniques is particularly relevant because the models are high-dimensional (containing 168 parameters in the situation with 3 change-points) and non-linear, and because it is more straightforward to compare our dierent change-point models from the Bayesian perspective. Our estimation results indicate that the model with 3 change-points is most supported by the data (in comparison with models with 0, 1 and 2 change-points) and that the breaks occurred in 1980:II, 1986:I and 1995:II. These dates correspond (in turn) to the time of a change in monetary policy, the onset of what is termed the great moderation, and the start of technology driven period of economic growth. We also utilize the Bayesian framework to derive the out-of-sample predictive densities of the term-structure. We nd that the forecasting performance of our proposed
High‐resolution digital elevation model from tri‐stereo Pleiades‐1 satellite imagery for lava flow volume estimates at Fogo Volcano

Resolving changes in topography through time using accurate high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) is key to understanding active volcanic processes. For the first time in a volcanic environment, we utilize very high‐resolution tri‐stereo optical imagery acquired by the Pleiades‐1 satellite constellation and generate a 1 m resolution DEM of Fogo Volcano, Cape Verde—the most active volcano in the Eastern Atlantic region. Point cloud density is increased by a factor of 6.5 compared to conventional stereo imagery, and the number of 1 m2 pixels with no height measurements is reduced by 43%. We use the DEM to quantify topographic changes associated with the 2014–2015 eruption at Fogo. Height differences between the posteruptive Pleiades‐1 DEM and the preeruptive topography from TanDEM‐X give a lava flow volume of 45.83 ± 0.02 × 106 m3, emplaced over an area of 4.8 km2 at a mean rate of 6.8 m3 s−1.
Educational Ethical Challenges in the Viewpoint of Students in Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study with Content Analysis Approach

Background: Ethical behaviors of students can result from moral decisions based on moral knowledge and dispositions of them. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the students’ perception of educational ethical challenges. Methods: This qualitative study used a content analysis approach. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants. In order to collect data, in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Each interview lasted approximately 60 to 100 minutes. The analysis of data was performed simultaneously with data collection using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Datasaturationreachedafterinterviewingwith40students. Thestudentswerestudyingintheﬁeldsof medicine,nursing, midwifery,paramedicine,alliedhealth,dentistry,andpharmacy. Therewere45% weremenand55% werewomeninthesample. The averageageof menandwomenwas22 ± 1and22 ± 1.04years,respectively. Aftertheanalysisof interviews,threethemesincluding scientiﬁc challenges, communication challenges, and professional challenges and eight categories were achieved. Conclusions: The study indicate that students are facing scientiﬁc, communication, and professional challenges in education. Therefore, the factors inﬂuencing ethics in education must identify to increase the eﬀectiveness of education and strength moral values in medical education.
Predicting transition ranges to turbulent viscous boundary layers in low Prandtl number convection flows

We discuss two aspects of turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection (RBC) on the basis of high-resolution direct numerical simulations in a unique setting; a closed cylindrical cell of aspect ratio of one. First, we present a comprehensive comparison of statistical quantities such as energy dissipation rates and boundary layer thickness scales. Data are used from three simulation run series at Prandtl numbers $Pr$ that cover two orders of magnitude. In contrast to most previous studies in RBC the focus of the present work is on convective turbulence at very low Prandtl numbers including $Pr=0.021$ for liquid mercury or gallium and $Pr=0.005$ for liquid sodium. In this parameter range of RBC, inertial effects cause a dominating turbulent momentum transport that is in line with highly intermittent fluid turbulence both in the bulk and in the boundary layers and thus should be able to trigger a transition to the fully turbulent boundary layers of the ultimate regime of convection for higher Rayleigh number. Secondly, we predict the ranges of Rayleigh numbers for which the viscous boundary layer will transition to turbulence and the flow as a whole will cross over into the ultimate regime. These transition ranges are obtained by extrapolation from our simulation data. The extrapolation methods are based on the large-scale properties of the velocity profile. Two of the three methods predict similar ranges for the transition to ultimate convection when their uncertainties are taken into account. All three extrapolation methods indicate that the range of critical Rayleigh numbers $Ra_c$ is shifted to smaller magnitudes as the Prandtl number becomes smaller.
An Analysis of the Water Cycle in the Sahel through a Lagrangian Perspective

The Sahelian region is located southern the Sahara Desert and the wet tropical belt of central Africa, and it is affected by a monsoonal regime. It is well known that the Sahel is one of the most vulnerable areas due its annual strong climatic variations. In essence, to bring precipitation over a region, the atmosphere needs moisture to condense. So, it is necessary to know where the supply of moisture that precipitates over the Sahel come from to understand the rainfall variability. In a previous paper by Nieto et al. [1] they defined, using a lagrangian method of diagnosis, the sources of moisture that reach the Sahel (10°–20° N; 20° E–18° W) calculating changes in the specific humidity along trajectories of a lot of atmospheric-particles. The analysis was done using the observational data from the ECMWF for a 5-year period (2000–2004), but the shorter time period used impeded the study of interannual variability or possible relationships with modes of climate variability as ENSO or NAO. Based in those lacks in this following paper we provide an extensively revisited analysis to determine and analyze in an improved way the sources of moisture for the Sahel. In order to carry out this aim, we have used here: (a) a longer climatological period of time from 1980 to 2012 (three decades) to redefine the sources of moisture; (b) the nowadays best-considered database to reproduce the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle: the ERA-Interim Reanalysis data to track atmospheric moisture changes along trajectories; (c) a definition of the sources using a moving threshold in the field of E-P for annual, seasonal and monthly scales. This new extended and improved data allowed us to redo, among others, the time series of E-P day by day calculated backward for the moisture over the Sahel area and integrated over the moisture sources determined in the previous steps. But now the most important is the possibility to analyze the relationship with between the amount of the moisture over the sources and the field of real precipitation over the Sahel, and to have concrete outcomes about the modulation by the main patterns of climate variability on the sources as ENSO, NAO and the local West African Monsoon (WAM).
From market orientation to brand orientation in the public sector

Abstract This conceptual article examines brand orientation as an alternative to market orientation in the public sector. The problem with market orientation is that the focus on customers is too great; it is myopic, and lacks true interaction; it is mechanistic, and the emphasis on economic values is too strong. In this light, brand orientation becomes an interesting alternative. Brand orientation is more powerful, since it provides a holistic and balanced perspective on an organisation, diminishing the risk of too much focus on customers, which leads to myopia. Brand orientation is more robust because it emphasises continuity coupled with dynamics and interaction, diminishing the risk of short-sightedness and reactivity. Brand orientation also facilitates prioritisation of democratic values, diminishing the risk of too much focus on economic values.
Efficacy and Safety of Chagas Disease Drug Therapy and Treatment Perspectives

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The disease affects about 6 – 7 million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. Although Chagas disease was discovered more than 100 years ago, and the first treatments over 40, only 2 drugs were used to treat this pathology, it is still considered one of the neglected diseases. In this chapter, the subjects related to conventional etiological therapies, benznidazole and nifurtimox, such as the drug, the mechanism of action, the therapy schedule for treatment, efficacy and safety and their adverse effects will be discussed. Additionally, it will address alternative therapies of comorbidities related to the progression of Chagas ’ disease in patients with chronic disease, such as heart disease and dysfunction of the digestive system. Finally, novel phar- macological strategies and their related compounds will be reviewed accounting for their progression in pharmacological studies and their success rate.
Trends in U.S. Tropical Cyclone Mortality During the Past Century

Hazard mitigation specialists in the United States, and particularly in Florida, are deeply concerned with hurricanes. Storm surge, heavy rainfall, and high winds combine to make them perilous events. Despite technological advances in monitoring and prediction, hurricanes retain their potential to cause severe damage and numerous deaths. Hurricane Mitch, which devastated Honduras and Guatemala in ]998 is a reminder that hurricanes can quickly kill thousands of people. Population and demographic shifts toward the coasts will make the problem worse.
Pigs and People: Sociological Perspectives on the Discipline of Nonhuman Animals in Intensive Confinement

Highly concentrated intensive confinement systems have become the norm in agriculture concerning nonhuman animals. These systems have provoked a lively debate from an animal welfare perspective. Sociologists can contribute to this debate by drawing parallels between the institutional regulation of human beings and of animals under confinement. Results of research on the transformation of Canadian hog production from the 1950s to the present—based on the evolution of plans for sow housing produced by the Canada Plan Service—showed a much tighter compression of hog bodies and reproduction in space and time. The prevalence of behavioral stereotypes, however, indicates imperfect animal socialization and reconfiguration. The concept of discipline is a useful perspective that could bridge the gap between the regulations of humans in industrial societies and of pigs in intensive confinement. This concept derived from elements of labor process and Foucauldian and post-humanist theories.
‘Verb floating’ and VP-ellipsis: Towards a movement account of ellipsis licensing

In this paper I propose that ellipsis is licensed by overt movement. Examining variation in VP-ellipsis across English dialects, I show that movement is crucially implicated in whether or not a given element can license ellipsis. I discuss well-known restrictions on VP-ellipsis and present new data that shows that a movement-based account of these restrictions is superior to previous ones. I show that the proposed account can be extended to other cases involving A′ movement with empirical benefits, and I conclude by sketching the technical implementation of the theory, arguing that ellipsis is a ‘repair’ operation that prevents a linearization failure following non-deletion of a lower copy. I suggest that types of movement that are unable to spell out lower copies (i.e. A-movement) do not license ellipsis, thus explaining ellipsis licensing in terms of general conditions on copy deletion. Keywords: ellipsis licensing; VP-ellipsis; sluicing; Copy Theory of Movement; A/A′-distinction