Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges to student transition through a United Kingdom graduate-entry medicine degree programme

Background: The transition experience of graduate-entry medicine degree programme students is less well understood as compared to those from undergraduate-entry medicine degree programmes. Aim: This thematic analysis study aimed to explore the transition experience of graduate-entry medicine degree programme students at a United Kingdom medical school. Methods: Twenty-one student volunteers from the University of Warwick 4-year graduate-entry medicine degree programme took part in this study with fourteen participants attended a further follow-up interview. Audio recordings of their semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Results revealed three key transition periods within the University of Warwick Medical School’s graduate-entry medicine degree programme. Learning, professional identity development and managing coping strategies were the three key challenging issues dominating their transition experience. Medical students encountered a range of challenging issues throughout their medical school journey that could be categorised under three conceptual themes: challenges associated with the curriculum, challenges associated with their social role and generic life challenges. Conclusions: The findings from this study could be useful to educators and medical schools in enhancing their student support services. It could also be useful to prospective and existing medical students in understanding the realities of undertaking a graduate-entry medicine degree programme.
Interaction of isolated components from mammalian sperm and egg

In order to identify those proteins from the plasma membrane of hamster spermatozoa that exhibit an affinity for components of the zona pellucida we have used the Western blot technique. Zonae pellucidae from postovulatory hamster oocytes were solubilized by exposure to an acidic pH and then radiolabeled using the Bolton-Hunter reagent. These 125I-zona pellucida proteins retain their immunoreactivity and migrate in three heterogeneous bands when submitted to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Membrane proteins from epididymal spermatozoa of mature hamsters were extracted by treatment with Nonidet P-40 and then submitted to electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The proteins in the gel were electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and then probed with the radiolabelled zone pellucida proteins. 125I-zona pellucida proteins bind preferentially to a sperm protein with a molecular weight of 26,400 ± 1,400 daltons (n = 9). Using a similar procedure it was shown that this protein also binds 125I-Concanavalin A. The interaction between the sperm protein and the 125I-zona pellucida proteins shows species specificity as demonstrated by the fact that the hamster 125I-zona pellucida proteins do not bind to proteins extracted from ram, bull, and stallion spermatozoa. Whether this sperm protein could be implicated be implicated in the process of sperm-egg interaction is under investigation.
Boşanmış ve Evli Ebeveynlere Sahip Ergenlerin Beş Boyutlu İyi Oluş Modeli ve İnternet Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci bosanmis ve evli ebeveynlere sahip ergenlerde bes boyutlu iyi olus modeli ve internet bagimlilik duzeyleri arasinda bir iliski olup olmadigini saptamaktir. Arastirmanin grubu Istanbul ilinde 2018-2019 egitim-ogretim yilinda lisede ogrenim goren 102 bosanmis ve 109 bosanmamis aileye sahip toplam 211 ogrenci olusturmaktadir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore ergenlerin iyi olus ozelliklerinin ebeveyni bosanmis ve ebeveyni evli ergenlere gore incelenmis, iyi olus duzeyi ebeveyninin bosanmis veya evli olmasina gore bir degisiklik gostermedigi sonucu elde edilmistir. Ebeveyni bosanmis ergenlerin yetismis oldugu ebeveyn egitim tutumuna bakildiginda demokratik, otoriter ve asiri koruyucu ailede yetisen ergenlerin ihmalkâr ailede yetisen ergenlerden daha yuksek oldugu sonucu elde edilmistir. Sonuc olarak ihmalkâr ailelerde yetisen ergenlerin iyi olus duzeyleri diger egitim tutumlarinda yetisenlere gore daha dusuk oldugu sonucu elde edilmistir. Internet bagimliligi puanlari incelendiginde ebeveyni bosanmis ergenlerin ebeveyni evli ergenlere gore biraz daha yuksek ortalamaya sahip oldugu ama bu farkin istatistiki olarak anlamli olmadigi gorulmektedir. Sonuc olarak internet bagimliligi duzeyi ebeveyninin bosanmis veya ebeveyni evli olmasina gore bir degisiklik gostermemektedir. Arastirma sonucuna gore her iki grup ergenlerde internet kullanma suresi 5 saat ve uzerine yaklastikca internet bagimliliginin arttigi bulgusu elde edilmistir. Bunun yaninda yuksek surelerde internet kullaniminin internet bagimliligini arttirdigi sonucu elde edilmistir.
Wheat bulb fly, Delia coarctata, larval attraction to phenolic components of host‐plant root exudates

Wheat bulb fly (WBF), Delia coarctata Fallén (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), larvae are a subterranean pest of wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] and other cereals. Larvae locate host plants through chemotaxis and chemokinesis, utilising the primary plant metabolite carbon dioxide as a ‘search trigger’ and Poaceae‐specific secondary plant metabolites exuded from the plant. The aim of this study was to use arena bioassays to identify further compounds involved in the host‐finding process. The larval behavioural response to four concentrations of syringic and vanillic acid, chemical constituents of host‐plant exudates, were tested. Analysis of the final resting position of D. coarctata larvae by the Rayleigh test of uniformity identified attraction to wheat seedling exudates and to both compounds at the lowest concentrations tested, with syringic acid concentrations being most attractive at 0.1 mg l−1 and vanillic acid being most attractive at 0.001 mg l−1. These results add more detail to the subterranean chemical ecology of this species, allowing a behavioural sequence for host‐plant orientation by WBF larvae to be proposed.
Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense surface polysaccharide mutants that are affected in flocculation

Michiels, K. , Verreth, C. & Vanderleyden, J. 1990. Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense surface polysaccharide mutants that are affected in flocculation. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 705–711. Surface polysaccharide production by Azospirillum is demonstrated by fluorescence of colonies grown on media containing the fluorescent dye Calcofluor, which binds to β-linked polysaccharides. Mutants showing decreased and increased levels of fluorescence are obtained from Azospirillum lipoferum strain Sp59b by chemical mutagenesis, and from A. brasilense strain 7030 by Tn5 mutagenesis. The A. brasilense 7030 fluorescence mutants produce wild-type levels of exo-polysaccharide in their culture supernatant fluids, but are affected in flocculation in liquid culture. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that an A. brasilense surface polysaccharide, different from the exopolysaccharide, is involved in both Calcofluor staining and flocculation. It is shown by DNA hybridization that the genetic loci affected in the A. brasilense 7030 fluorescence mutants are different from the A. brasilense exoB and exoC loci, which are involved in exopolysaccharide production.
AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE IN A DESERT PLANT COMMUNITY

(3) The results of a controlled removal experiment showed that water-related interference does occur at this site when water availability is low, and that at present, interference between species is usually more intense than that within a species. These results, together with nearest-neighbour analyses, revealed that regular distributions may not necessarily indicate present interference among individuals of the same species, but rather past interference. (4) The importance of episodic seedling establishment and longevity in horizontal pattern development are also discussed.
Validation of Rapid Assessment of Damage in Urban Mangrove Forests and Relationships With Molluscan Assemblages

Six mangrove forests in the urban region of Sydney, Australia, were examined to determine whether there were relationships between levels of human-induced damage and the structure of molluscan assemblages, the first stage in the validation of a technique for rapid assessment of the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance in urban mangroves. All six mangrove forests showed some damage but the amount varied considerably among and within each forest. Significant correlations between the levels of damage and abundance of different taxa, and changes in the structure of the molluscan assemblage along gradients of damage, suggest that indices based on measures of damage have the potential to provide a means for the rapid, wide scale evaluation of mangroves affected by impacts associated with human activities in urban areas.
Stabilization and DOB-based disturbance rejection for MBT gun-barrel elevation drive

Savas tanklarindaki son yillardaki gelismeler kullanilan kontrol sistemlerini daha onemli hale getirmistir. Bu araclarin savas alaninda hareket halinde olmasi, bir hedefe ates etme sirasinda durmak yerine hareket esnasinda ates etmelerini gerekli kilmaktadir. Bu gereklilik, tank govdesi hareketlerinin namluya olan etkisini minimize eden silah kontrol sistemi ile saglanabilir. Bu stabilizasyon islevi icin namlu uzerine monte edilen jiroskoptan alinan acisal konumun geri beslemesiyle calisan kapali-cevrim servo kontrol sistemleri kullanilir. Ikinci nesil kontrol sistemlerinde, tank govdesinin hareketi nedeniyle olusan bozucu etkilere karsi tareti daha hassas ve hizli kilan, ileri beslemeli kontrol icin ekstra bir jiroskop daha kullanilir. Bu makalede ise tankin hareketi nedeniyle olusan bozucu etkilerin olculmesi ihtiyacini ortadan tamamen kaldiran bir 'bozucu etki gozleyicisi' kullanilmaktadir. Tasarlanan gozleyici sayesinde bozucu etkinin hatasiz olarak olculmesi ve ileri besleme kontrol ile elimine edilmeye calisilmasi gerekliligi ortadan kalkmaktadir.
Positive Parenting Program to Improve Mother Efficacy in Parenting Teenagers

Parenting efficacy is essential in parenting quality. This study aimed to devise and determine the Positive Parenting Program effect in improving the parenting efficacy of mothers with teenage children. The study tested two hypotheses. First, the Positive Parenting Program had good content validity. Secondly, the Positive Parenting Program could improve the parenting efficacy of mothers. The study involved 27 mothers subjects (13 subjects of the experimental group and 14 subjects of the control group). The experiment was carried out using the method of ‘Untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples’ involving three measurements at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The results proved that the Positive Parenting Program Module had good content validity. The module has a high content validity with Aiken's V coefficients in each session ranging from 0.89 to 0.95 with an average of 0.92. The second hypothesis test was performed by Mann Whitney U Test analysis. The results of the study also showed that the Positive Parenting Program significantly improved the parenting efficacy of mothers (Z posttest-pretest = -4,321, p = 0.001 (p <0.05), Z follow-pretest = -4,423, p = 0.001 (p <0,05)).
Spatial arrangement using deep reinforcement learning to minimise rearrangement in ship block stockyards

As the shipbuilding industry is an engineering-to-order industry, different types of products are manufactured according to customer requests, and each product goes through different processes and workshops. During the shipbuilding process, if the product is not able to go directly to the subsequent process due to physical constraints of workshop, it temporarily waits in a stockyard. Since the waiting process involves unpredictable circumstances, plans regarding time and space cannot be established in advance. Therefore, unnecessary movement often occurs when ship blocks enter or depart from the stockyard. In this study, a reinforcement learning approach was proposed to minimise rearrangement in such circumstances. For this purpose, an environment in which blocks are arranged and rearranged was defined. Rewards based on the simplified rules were logically defined, and simulation was performed for quantitative evaluation using the proposed reinforcement learning algorithm. This algorithm was verified using an example model derived from actual data from a shipyard. The method proposed in this study can be used not only to the arrangement problem of ship block stockyards but also to the various arrangement and allocation problems or logistics problems in the manufacturing industry.
The Development and Promotion of Sweet Potato Yoghurt in Ghana: Implications for Sustainable Production and Consumption Policies

This paper analyzes how a newly developed food product (potagurt) with nutritional and health benefits can be promoted in Ghana. We employ the hedonic modeling and contingent valuation methods to estimate monetary values attached to the product’s attributes using 400 consumers in the Ashanti, Eastern, and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. The findings reveal that consumers have positive perceptions on the health and nutritional benefits of the product. Buyers place a higher value on potagurt relative to normal yogurt. The high value attached to potagurt is mainly linked to the health, nutritional, food safety, and quality attributes of the product, as well as perception. Consumers’ socioeconomic factors such as income, educational, and awareness levels also play a significant role in explaining their choice of the product. The practical implication is that the development and promotion of potagurt could stimulate sustainable economic development through better consumer health and improvement in the livelihoods of many players in the sweet potato value chain, especially the producers of potagurt and sweet potato farmers. We conclude that the promotion of the innovative food product could contribute to sustainable production and consumption of sweet potatoes.
The Effect of Magnolol on a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model with Insulin Resistance

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent reproductive and metabolic disorder. Insulin resistance (IR) is highly associated with and aggravates the symptoms of PCOS. The Insulin sensitizing agents, Thiazolidinediones, are PPARγ agonists that improve many of the symptoms of PCOS. Magnolol is a natural PPARγ agonist that improves insulin sensitivity in experimental models. Using a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)‐induced rat model of PCOS and IR, we aim to explore both the potential beneficial effect and the molecular mechanisms of action of Magnolol. Post‐pubertal female Sprague Dawley rats, injected subcutaneously with DHEA (6mg/100g body weight) for 28 days, exhibited a significant increase in body weight (242.5 ± 5.4 grams) as compared to age‐ and weight‐matched controls (226.8 ± 4.7 grams). The DHEA‐injected rats developed an increased number of cystically dilated follicles with thicker granulosa as compared to control. PCOS rats showed statistically significant elevated serum levels of Luteinizing hormone (LH) (10.0 ± 2.7 ng/ml) and fasting insulin (2.18 ± 0.9 ng/ml); with an increased Homeostatic Model Assessment Index of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (9.98 ± 4.9) as compared to controls (6.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml; 0.6 ± 0.3 ng/ml; 2.7 ± 3.9 respectively). Compared to control, PCOS rats had a significant lower ovarian protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), and protein kinase B (Akt) by Western Blot. Conversely, the PCOS group showed an increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activity as evident by an increase protein expression of phosphorylated mTOR as compared to control. When treated for 28 days with oral Magnolol (500mg/kg), the DHEA‐induced PCOS rats showed a statistically significant decrease in body weight (231.6 ± 13 grams) and serum LH levels (3.9 ± 1.8 ng/ml) as compared to the non‐treated PCOS rats (250.3 ± 9.7 grams; 9.5 ± 5.7 ng/ml respectively). The number of cystically dilated follicles in the Magnolol‐treated PCOS rats was significantly reduced compared to the non‐treated PCOS rats. In the Magnolol‐treated PCOS rats the ovarian protein expression of PPARγ, IRS1 and Akt was significantly increased, while the mTOR expression was decreased compared to the non‐treated PCOS group. In conclusion, Magnolol ameliorates the DHEA‐induced PCOS phenotype histologically, hormonally and metabolically. Fundamentally, this work explores the elusive pathophysiologic association between IR and PCOS, by targeting pathways common to both disorders.
I Can't Practice What I Preach – The Case of English Language Teachers

In 2013, Malaysia ranked first in the English Proficiency Index (EPI)[6]. However, a shocking discovery revealed that only 27.8% teachers met the minimum standards of the Cambridge Placement Test (CPT) [7],[8]. This was reflected on the students’ performance revealing a distinct failure in English language subjects in every major examination in Malaysia (UPSR= 25%, PMR= 23%, and SPM= 22%). 50% failed English 1119 and the performance of MUET revealed that 52% candidates getting only band 1 and band 2[7]. Language attrition is a phenomenon where one’s proficiency in a language deteriorates due to several factors. One of the most prominent factors is the disuse of the language itself. The phenomenon can be seen as a threat to teachers or instructors of a language as the quality of their instructions can be deemed questionable should they experience the phenomenon. The research aims to investigate factors that hinder teachers’ use of English in their workplace and daily lives. The study employing the qualitative method took place in the municipal of Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The decision to conduct the study in the municipal of Machang, Kelantan, was due to the uniqueness of the state itself for its prevalent EV[121],[13],[14]. The principal results revealed that the factors hindering the use of English language among informants were vastly related but not limited to EVT[25]. There were also factors related to policy. The study tapped into a new dimension linking language attrition, language maintenance, teaching and learning, sociolinguistics, and policy, where the results were inter-related to one another.
Systematics and Distributions of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in North America

Dolly Varden char in North America separate into two species: Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum)) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley)). Principal component analyses reveal two distinct morphotypes, and a linear discriminant function is derived (based on three field measureable variables) for their consistent classification. No single character can always distinguish both species, although branchiostegal ray number often will. The morphology of the two species remains relatively constant across their large ranges. The two species occur in strict sympatry in several areas with no evidence of interbreeding. The two species also exist parapatrically or syntopically and appear to exhibit broad scale competitive exclusion in these situations. Dolly Varden are distributed largely along the coast and range further north, while bull trout are mostly interior and range further south. Laboratory crosses demonstrate that the morphology of both species remain distinctive when they are reared under s.
Primary Homology Assessment, Characters and Character States

We discuss contrasting approaches to cladistic character definition and thus to cladistic data matrix compilation. The conventional approach considers character states as alternate forms of the “same thing” (the character). A review of the challenges to this convention is presented, and their implications evaluated. We argue that the recognition of structures which are alternate forms is a vital stage of primary homology assessment and is equivalent to the conceptualization of a transformational homology. Such a view complies with the demand that characters are independent and that character states are hierarchically related. We identify one justifiable solution to the inapplicable data coding problem (coding for organisms which have red tails, blue tails or no tails), and show that alternative approaches to character definition support spurious solutions which deny the relation of structures which are “the same but different”. We propose that the term character can be defined, in a cladistic context, as the descriptive label referring to a transformational homology evidenced by the similarity criterion.
Seasonal changes in tissue elasticity in chaparral shrubs

An important physiological feature of chaparral shrubs is the development of low water potentials during periods of drought characteristic of southern Californian summers. Changes in tissue elasticity may be an important characteristic allowing these low water potentials to be reached and maintained without the development of detrimental water deficits. To examine this possibility, seasonal changes in tissue elasticity were measured in 3 species of chaparral shrubs, Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. , Quercus dumosa Nutt. and Ceanothus greggii Gray. , by the pressure-volume method. Tissue elasticity was characterized using graphs of the modulus of elasticity plotted as a function of turgor pressure, and maximum values of the elastic modulus. The moduli of elasticity of the shrubs increased following leaf emergence in the spring, were highest during periods of low soil water potential, and tended to decrease following the summer-fall drought period. Increases in tissue elasticity facilitate water uptake from drying soils, but result in greater turgor loss during tissue dehydration.
The Influence of Negative Workplace Gossip on Knowledge Sharing: Insight from the Cognitive Dissonance Perspective

Increasing attention is drawn to the effect of workplace gossip on the organization. Negative workplace gossip is a negative evaluation of others behind their back in the workplace. Based on the cognitive dissonance theory, the study explored the relationship between negative workplace gossip and knowledge sharing, through the mediation of organizational trust and the moderation of self-efficacy. The regression results of a two-stage questionnaire survey on 173 Chinese employees suggested that negative workplace gossip negatively influenced employees’ knowledge sharing through organizational trust. Additionally, findings also showed that self-efficacy moderated the mediation of organizational trust in the relationship between negative workplace gossip and knowledge sharing. This research provided a new theoretical perspective on the impact of workplace gossip, which has management implications for informal communication and team-building.