Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of discrepancy between measured and modelled oxidized mercury species

Abstract. L. Zhang et al. (2012), in a recent report, compared model estimates with new observations of oxidized and particulate mercury species (Hg2+ and Hgp) in the Great Lakes region and found that the sum of Hg2+ and Hgp varied between a factor of 2 to 10 between measurements and model. They suggested too high emission inputs as Hg2+ and too fast oxidative conversion of Hg0 to Hg2+ and Hgp as possible causes. This study quantitatively explores measurement uncertainties in detail. These include sampling efficiency, composition of sample, interfering species and calibration errors. Model (Global/Regional Atmospheric Heavy Metals Model – GRAHM) sensitivity experiments are used to examine the consistency between various Hg measurements and speciation of Hg near emission sources to better understand the discrepancies between modelled and measured concentrations of Hg2+ and Hgp. We find that the ratio of Hg0, Hg2+ and Hgp in the emission inventories, measurements of surface air concentrations of oxidized Hg and measurements of wet deposition are currently inconsistent with each other in the vicinity of emission sources. Current speciation of Hg emissions suggests higher concentrations of Hg2+ in air and in precipitation near emission sources; however, measured air concentrations of Hg2+ and measured concentrations of Hg in precipitation are not found to be significantly elevated near emission sources compared to the remote regions. The averaged unbiased root mean square error (RMSE) between simulated and observed concentrations of Hg2+ is found to be reduced by 42% and for Hgp reduced by 40% for 21 North American sites investigated, when a ratio for Hg0 : Hg2+ : Hgp in the emissions is changed from 50 : 40 : 10 (as specified in the original inventories) to 90 : 8 : 2. Unbiased RMSE reductions near emissions sources in the eastern United States and Canada are found to be reduced by up to 58% for Hg2+. Significant improvement in the model simulated spatial distribution of wet deposition of mercury in North America is noticed with the modified Hg emission speciation. Measurement-related uncertainties leading to lower estimation of Hg2+ concentrations are 86%. Uncertainties yielding either to higher or lower Hg2+ concentrations are found to be 36%. Finally, anthropogenic emission uncertainties are 106% for Hg2+. Thus it appears that the identified uncertainties for model estimates related to mercury speciation near sources, uncertainties in measurement methodology and uncertainties in emissions can close the gap between modelled and observed estimates of oxidized mercury found in L. Zhang et al. (2012). Model sensitivity simulations show that the measured concentrations of oxidized mercury, in general, are too low to be consistent with measured wet deposition fluxes in North America. Better emission inventories (with respect to speciation), better techniques for measurements of oxidized species and knowledge of mercury reduction reactions in different environments (including in-plume) in all phases are needed for improving the mercury models.
Digital resources for faculty development in e-learning: a self-paced approach for professional learning

Since a growing number of universities have adopted e-learning or blended solutions, faculty development is increasingly seen as a crucial strategy to prepare faculty members for innovative teaching practices. However, a number of barriers prevent faculty from attending training programmes, including scheduling and logistic constraints. Offering a flexible online format for training should provide opportunities to fit user needs better. In this regard, while literature exists on on-site interventions, studies on self-paced online courses are still limited. This paper presents a self-paced online programme for faculty development on e-learning, and explores its correspondence with users’ needs. The contribution starts with an examination of the literature and an explanation of the design strategies adopted for the programme. It then presents the methods used and analyses the main findings. The results show that, depending on their levels of experience and motivation, users demonstrated diverse patterns of use with regard to the contents and activities selected. From this point of view, the results confirm the importance of adopting design approaches based on self-paced principles.
Ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism and exhumation of garnet peridotite in Pohorje, Eastern Alps

New evidence for ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism (UHPM) in the Eastern Alps is reported from garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks from the Pohorje Mountains in Slovenia. The garnet peridotites are closely associated with UHP kyanite eclogites. These rocks belong to the Lower Central Austroalpine basement unit of the Eastern Alps, exposed in the proximity of the Periadriatic fault. Ultramafic rocks have experienced a complex metamorphic history. On the basis of petrochemical data, garnet peridotites could have been derived from depleted mantle rocks that were subsequently metasomatized by melts and/or fluids either in the plagioclase‐peridotite or the spinel‐peridotite field. At least four stages of recrystallization have been identified in the garnet peridotites based on an analysis of reaction textures and mineral compositions. Stage I was most probably a spinel peridotite stage, as inferred from the presence of chromian spinel and aluminous pyroxenes. Stage II is a UHPM stage defined by the assemblage garnet + olivine + low‐Al orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + Cr‐spinel. Garnet formed as exsolutions from clinopyroxene, coronas around Cr‐spinel, and porphyroblasts. Stage III is a decompression stage, manifested by the formation of kelyphitic rims of high‐Al orthopyroxene, aluminous spinel, diopside and pargasitic hornblende replacing garnet. Stage IV is represented by the formation of tremolitic amphibole, chlorite, serpentine and talc. Geothermobarometric calculations using (i) garnet‐olivine and garnet‐orthopyroxene Fe‐Mg exchange thermometers and (ii) the Al‐in‐orthopyroxene barometer indicate that the peak of metamorphism (stage II) occurred at conditions of around 900 °C and 4 GPa. These results suggest that garnet peridotites in the Pohorje Mountains experienced UHPM during the Cretaceous orogeny. We propose that UHPM resulted from deep subduction of continental crust, which incorporated mantle peridotites from the upper plate, in an intracontinental subduction zone. Sinking of the overlying mantle and lower crustal wedge into the asthenosphere (slab extraction) caused the main stage of unroofing of the UHP rocks during the Upper Cretaceous. Final exhumation was achieved by Miocene extensional core complex formation.
An Evaluation of Prospect Book (Prospect 1)

ELT materials (textbooks) always play a very important role in language classrooms. In recent years, there has been an increasing debate throughout the ELT profession on the actual role of materials in teaching English as a second/foreign language. In the field of English teaching should both the potentials and the limitations of materials for helping the English learners through the learning process and curriculum as well as the teachers' needs is often recommended. In this study, the researchers tried to evaluate English school textbook namely Prospect 1 (2013). This research showed that the Prospect 1 has not completely met its objectives. The content of this book is beyond the students’ English language knowledge. This problem affects negatively both the understandability of the tasks and the students’ participation in the activities. There are other concerns regarding this book such as: separation of English culture from English language; the contents of the lessons are not interesting enough for students and illustrations do not relate to the subject of the tasks. On the other hand, the prospect 1 is designed based on the communicative approach, and it focuses mainly on meaning and learning English language through the learners’ participation in pair/group activities.
THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE ACTIVITIES TOCOMMUNITY DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOTHAILAND 4.0 FOR THE ELDERLY PEOPLE OFPATHUMTHANIPROVENCE

Thailand Development 4.0 Policy and Strategy brought the technology and innovation for living which affected to the elder due to the lack and inaccuracy of knowledge in using technology, then the integration project on research and academic services for community to promote using the technology and digital services would create a learning for 244 representatives of elder club in Pathumthani province. The project was aimed to assess the elder’s knowledge and competency in using digital technology, and the readiness of valueadded product and services included the effective distribution. The findings revealed that the elder were interested in this project especially whom with the knowledge of community product and services to learn the new technology and marketing for the real distribution. There were 2 phases of learning result; Phase 1: Creating the knowledge and understanding of Thailand 4.0 economic concept which emphasized on applying the technology for online product and services included assessment of 244 elders in using digital technology where indicated that the average of knowledge and understanding was 3.77 and standard deviation was 0.845, and Phase 2: In-depth training for creating the prototype and passing on the knowledge included creating the value-added community product and services of 38 elders through the online distribution where indicated that the average of knowledge and understanding was 3.82 and standard deviation was 0.865.
In Vitro Morphogenesis Responses of Various Explant in Physalis angulata L.

The objective of this research was to identify morphogenesis responses of in vivo and in vitro-derived explant of Physalis angulata L. Explants were cultured on MS medium containing 3% sucrose solidified with 1.3% agar supplemented with combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole acetic acids (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). All explant types have morphogenesis ability. Capability for shoot regeneration was observed in high number of shoot tip (96.1%) and nodes explants (75.2%). Callus formation was dominantly produced by in vitro leaf explants. In vivo leaf had low responses for shoot/root regeneration and callus formation. These results provided an alternative choice of the explant suitable for either plant regeneration or callus formation. Keywords: callus, cotyledonary nodes, explant types, shoot regeneration.
Dietary And Socio-Economic Factors Associated With Obesity In North Indian Population

The present study was elucidated to investigate the association of socio-economic and dietary factors with obesity. For the purpose, total one hundred eighty subjects of both genders, between the ages 40~50 years were recruited randomly. Anthropometrical measurement like height, weight and waist to hip ratio was measured by standard techniques. To determine whether an adults weight is appropriate for his height, Body Mass Index (B.M.I.) was computed. For socio-economic characters, a number The respective information was collected through questionnaire cum interview method. The dietary intakes were taken for all selected subjects by 24 hr recall method for three consecutive days. All data so obtained was coded, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The obesity was found more prevalent in women than men and urban compared to rural dwellers. Urbanization, gender, loneliness and divorced or widowed status were the strong predictors of obesity. The present dietary data indicated that obese peoples were consuming highly imbalanced diets containing more protein, fat and calcium and less amounts of fiber, iron than the Recommended Dietary Allowances. A community based approach using multiple strategies including appropriate education will be required to address the problem.
Running head: PARENT-ADOLESCENT CONFLICT AS SEQUENCES OF NEGATIVE EMOTION

Although conflict is a normative part of parent-adolescent relationships, conflicts that are long or highly negative are likely to be detrimental to these relationships and to youths’ development. In the present article, sequential analyses of data from 138 parent-adolescent dyads (adolescents’ mean age was 13.44, SD = 1.16; 52% girls, 79% nonHispanic White) were used to define conflicts as reciprocal exchanges of negative emotion observed while parents and adolescents were discussing “hot,” conflictual issues. Dynamic components of these exchanges, including who started the conflicts, who ended them, and how long they lasted, were identified. Mediation analyses revealed that a high proportion of conflicts ended by adolescents were associated with longer conflicts, which in turn predicted perceptions of the “hot” issue as unresolved and adolescent behavior problems. The findings illustrate advantages of using sequential analysis to identify patterns of interactions and, with some certainty, obtain an estimate of the contingent relationship between a pattern of behavior and child and parental outcomes. These interaction patterns are discussed in terms of the roles that parents and children play when in conflict with each other, and the processes through which these roles affect conflict resolution and adolescents’ behavior problems.
A Study of Sexual Harassment in Three Selected Private Faith-Based Universities, Ogun-State, South-West Nigeria

- Prior articles indicate the existence of sexual harassment in the public Universities in Nigeria, but knowledge about its prevalence in the private Faith-Based Universities is relatively lacking. Thus, this study is set to address this gap in knowledge, using three selected private Faith-Based Universities in Ogun-State, South-West Nigeria. Relying on primary and secondary sources of data collection, the study tries to find out if female students experience sexual harassment in these institutions. Moreover, it intends to discover if these students report cases of sexual harassment to the school management. Through 5 years data retrieved, the study equally intends to find out the number of staff caught for sexual harassment in each of these institutions and disciplinary actions taken against them. Employing opinions of female students and members of staff through questionnaire and in-depth interview, the study revealed that majority of female students experienced sexual harassment on campus, but most of them disinclined to report their cases to the school management. Drawing on the recorded data between 2008 and 2012, the study reported that 14 members of staff were caught for sexual harassment. The highest figure (50%) was recorded in the University B, following by University C with 28.6% while University A recorded the least figure with 21.4%. Finally, the study reported that 85% of members of staff caught for sexual harassment were relieved from work while the remaining 14.3% were suspended. Keywords - Sexual Harassment
An Improved Multi-Temporal Insar Method for Increasing Spatial Resolution of Surface Deformation Measurements

The multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology has proven very useful in extracting surface deformation with time series of SAR images over a study area. To increase spatial resolution of deformation information, this paper presents an improved multi-temporal InSAR (MTI) method by tracking both the point-like targets (PTs) and the distributed targets (DTs) with temporal steadiness of radar backscattering. The valid pixels corresponding to PTs and DTs are identified mainly by thresholding of the amplitude dispersion index (ADI) and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). To efficiently reduce error propagation, a hierarchical analysis strategy is applied to extract deformation rates at the valid pixels. For the pixels with lower ADI values, the deformation rates are estimated on an optimized network by a least squared estimator and a region growing method. For the pixels with higher ADI values, they are classified into several groups by the ADI intervals, and the deformation rates are estimated through the multi-levels of processing. The nonlinear deformation values at all the valid pixels are estimated by spatiotemporally filtering and spatially integrating. The proposed MTI algorithm has been tested for subsidence detection over Tianjin in China using the 40 high resolution TerraSAR-X images acquired between 2009 and 2010, and validated by using the ground-based leveling measurements. The testing results indicate that the spatial resolution and coverage of subsidence data can be increased dramatically by the hierarchical analysis, and the accuracy in subsidence values derived from the MTI solution can reach up to a millimeter level.
ANALYSIS OF URANIUM LEACHING PROCESS AND EFFECT OF CAKE WASHING ON URANIUM RECOVERY

Sulphuric acid is the most preferred leachant for the recovery of uranium from ores because it is cheap, less corrosive, and produces anionic uranyl complex, which makes the separation of uranium from other cationic gangue mineral easy using an anionic exchanger subsequently. Sulphuric acid leaching of Narwapahar (INDIA) uranium ore assisted with acoustic cavitation and without cavitation has been studied. The primary uranium minerals of Narwapahar ore are uraninite and pitchblende with minor presence of brannerite, allanite, xenotime, and davidite. In this paper, we have discussed selective leaching of uranium using sulphuric acid from Narwapahar uranium ore relative to other leachable compounds and material balance has been carried out around each of the leaching experiments. Material balance of uranium ore and also that of uranium leaching for with and without cavitation could be established within ±10%.
Establishment of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. infections in young Norway spruce dominated stands

One of the worst pathogens on Norway spruce, Heterobasidion annosum s.l. , can establish in previously healthy trees by spores landing on freshly made stumps from where mycelia can grow via root grafts and contacts to the adjacent tree. The risk of spore infection as well as disease transfer has been considered to be negligible in young stands due to the small target size of stumps and their small root systems. Consequently, small stumps created during precommercial thinning and late precommercial thinning are usually not treated with protective agents against spore infections as is commonly done during commercial thinnings. The objective of this thesis was to increase the knowledge regarding establishment of H. annosum s.l. infections in young Norway spruce dominated stands, in order to provide a renewed knowledge-base for forest management decisions. The results from field studies showed that although the risk of spore infections increased with increasing stump size more than half of small Norway spruce stumps created during precommercial thinning and late precommercial thinning were infected with H. annosum s.l. (Paper I, II). Of the two Heterobasidion species present in Sweden H. parviporum had a competitive advantage over H. annosum s.s. during colonization of Norway spruce wood (III). Norway spruce stumps as small as 2.5 cm in diameter could transfer infection to trees and the risk of transfer increased with increasing stump size (IV). Stump treatment with the biocontrol agent Phlebiopsis gigantea decreased the amount of spore infections on small stumps (I). The reduction was within the lower range reported from commercial thinning stumps. Simulations of decay development after late precommercial thinning indicated that a substantial amount of the decay at final felling could be attributed to late precommercial thinning. Further, the simulations indicated that stump treatment could reduce the decay at final felling if removal intensities were high. However, the economic outcome of stump treatment varied (II). In conclusion, there is a risk of new H. annosum s.l. infections establishing during silvicultural operations in young Norway spruce dominated stands. Precautionary measures to reduce the risk such as early precommercial thinnings or, where applicable, winter fellings or stump treatment could be considered.
A Temporary Eclipse of Bureaucracy. The Circulation of School Autonomy in Italy

The article addresses the circulation of school autonomy in Italy, that is the translation of the 'winds' of decentralization in education fields aimed at the construction of school organizations (the managerialist rethoric). It is suggested that this passage has occured because of a temporary eclipse of statist legacy which has opened a process of pluralization of the modes of governance of the educational field. The essay analyses how that translation has happened in practice as well as the dilemmas and the paradoxes accompanying this change.
Anatomical classifications of accessory symphyseal foramina in infants, juveniles and adults raccoon ( Procyonoides nyctereutes ) mandibles

The aim of this investigation was to assess the pattern of occurrence of accessory foramina in infants, juveniles and adult raccoons ( Procyonoides nyctereutes ). The study utilized a total of forty (40) mandibles including thirteen (13) infantile (pups), twelve (12) juveniles and fifteen (15) adult mandibles , studied grossly for frequency, position and diameter of the foramina. In 80% of the evaluated adult mandibles, at least one accessory foramen was found and superolaterally located. In all juveniles (100%) at least one accessory foramen was present, and located mostly near the midline about half - way of the symphyseal length while in pups (94%) at least a foramen was present, and in all cases located at or near the sympyseal line (rostral third or caudal third) to the dorsal ridge but never central. Five distinct co-existence types were used in their classification into foramina as categories I a-d, II a-c, III, IV and V. The frequency, size and location varied between the age groups; category 1 types occurred in 33%, 33% and 30% of adults, juveniles and pups respectively, category II in 33%, 42% and 54%; category III, 3.8%, 2.2% and 5.8%; category IV,1.9%, 4.4% and 11.7%; category V, 3.8%, 2.2% and 0%; respectively. Accessory symphyseal foramina are structural occurrences in raccoon mandible with size, frequency and position variations depending on classification type. There were no significant variations in the accessory symphyseal foramina assessed within pups. This work gives base line information on the phenotypes of accessory mental foramen in post natal development in the raccoons. Keywords: Raccoons, Mandibles, Accessory foramina, Symphyseal ridge