Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da qualidade da água do Rio Tibagi antes da formação do reservatório da UHE Mauá, por meio de análise fatorial

Ecossistemas afetados pela formacao de reservatorios passam por monitoramentos compulsorios antes, durante e apos a construcao do empreendimento. Esses programas de monitoramento geram extensas matrizes de dados, que visam atender as condicionantes de licenciamento ambiental, bem como a gestao do recurso hidrico. No intuito de gerar informacoes que propiciem o gerenciamento de recursos hidricos, o presente trabalho visou avaliar a qualidade de agua do rio Tibagi, localizado no Estado do Parana, antes da construcao da usina hidreletrica de Maua. Foram utilizados dados de quatro das oito estacoes do Programa de Monitoramento das Condicoes Limnologicas do rio Tibagi, descrito no Plano Basico Ambiental da referida usina. Os dados selecionados compreenderam o periodo entre dezembro/2009 e abril/2012. Apos o tratamento dos dados por meio de Analise Fatorial foram avaliados os fatores descritores da qualidade de agua, visando a caracterizacao das aguas na regiao do empreendimento. Em todas as estacoes monitoradas, exceto em MA_04 (jusante), o fator 1 foi composto pelas variaveis: transparencia da agua, fosforo total, solidos totais, turbidez e coliformes termotolerantes, sendo entao denominado fator antropogenico. A presenca da variavel coliformes termotolerantes na composicao do fator e um indicativo comum de poluicao a partir de esgotos domesticos nao tratados. O mesmo nao ocorreu para a estacao MA_04, onde a variavel coliformes termotolerantes nao esteve presente, indicando assim, que nesta estacao de monitoramento, a agua passa a apresentar uma condicao de melhor qualidade. O fator 2 foi caracterizado pela produtividade primaria.
物流管理─以捷盟行銷3PL(Third Party Logistics)服務為例

Third-Party Logistics (commonly referred to as 3PL) refers to outsourcing operational logistics of transportation, warehousing and distribution to an external company. Once an organisation outsources its logistics operations, the 3PL partner manages the entire inventory management, warehousing, and order fulfilment processes. In doing so, third-party logistics companies use their expertise, experience, and automated technologies to maximise speed and drive business efficiencies for their customers. 3PL companies offer customers a flexible and scalable solution based on their requirements. Doing so allows customers to focus on their core area of work. What do 3PL companies offer customers?
QUANTIFICATION OF ATROPINE IN LEAVES OF ATROPA BELLADONNA: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHOD BY HIGH-PERFOMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)

The leaves of Atropa belladonna (L) are characterized by the presence of the alkaloid atropine, known for the antimuscarinic activity. The leaves are used in therapy, mainly in homeopathic preparations. An HPLC method was developed and validated to quantify atropine in belladonna leaves. The samples were extracted with methanol, followed by acid-base extraction with 5% HCl and dichloromethane. Analysis by HPLC was performed on C18 column, in a linear gradient system using a system with two mobile phases (water and acetonitrile), both acidified with trifluoroacetic acid. The determinations were performed using a reference standard and a diode array detector at 210 nm. The method was validated and proved to be specific / selective, comparing the UV profiles and the purity of the atropine peaks in reference and sample solutions and analyzing sample solutions with and without addition of standard, which produced an increase only of the area of peak of the sample, without changing the area of the adjacent peaks. The linearity (50 - 200 μg/mL) was provided by analysis of the analytical curves of atropine, with r2 = 0.9996. LOD and LOQ were 3.75 and 11.4 µg/ml, respectively. The method was precise, reproducible and accurate, and presented recovery equal to 103.0%. The method was considered robust for the analyzed parameters. Four commercial samples were analyzed and the mean levels of atropine found ranged from 0.16 - 0.27 %. Thus, the developed method is effective for quantification of atropine in beladona leaves and meets the validation requirements of current legislation and ensuring the quality control of the plant material.
SCREENING OF VINEYARDS ROOTSTOCK AND CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita)

Three hosts of grape ( Vitis vinifera L), Flame seedless, Thompson seedless, Superior” and two resistant rootstocks “Harmony and Freedom” were inoculated with 3000 second stage juveniles per plant. After two months from inoculation for evaluation of nematode reproduction, Flame seedless was highly susceptible to M. incognita , while Thompson seedless and Superior were moderate susceptible. The difference in protein banding patterns among healthy and infected samples proved they were differences in buffer soluble protein extracted from the leaves of five tested cultivars as the response to infection of M. incognita . ISJ-PCR was used to measure the degree of similarity among grape varieties and rootstock and to calculate the genetic distance between these varieties. Polymorphic fragment reveled the difference and establish systemic relationships among the tested varieties may be referred the resistance in the rootstocks.
Antioxidant activity of an anatolian herbal tea—Origanum minutiflorum: isolation and characterization of its secondary metabolites

ABSTRACT Origanum species are significant aromatic and medicinal plants used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Isolation of bioactive compounds was executed on n-butanol extract to yield the compounds responsible for the activities. Tricosan-1-ol (1), (8E,16E)-tetracosa-8,16-diene-1,24-diol (2), azepan-2-one (3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4), apigenin (5), eriodictyol (6), globoidnan-A (7), luteolin (8), rosmarinic acid (9), apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (10), and vicenin-2 (11) were isolated by chromatographic methods (column chromatography and semi-preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Liquid chromatography/Time-of-flight/Mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). The isolated compounds and extracts were applied for antioxidant assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) scavenging, reducing power, and cuprac techniques. 3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (4), eriodictyol (6), luteolin (8), and rosmarinic acid (9) revealed the considerable antioxidant activities.
Synthesis of Secondary Amines from One-Pot Reductive Amination with Formic Acid as the Hydrogen Donor over an Acid-Resistant Cobalt Catalyst

Developing new heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts to replace noble-metal catalysts in organic transformations is of high importance in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, nitrogen-doped carbon embedded Co catalysts (abbreviated as Co@CN-T-AT, in which T represents the pyrolysis temperature, AT represents the acid-leaching process) were prepared through the simple pyrolysis of graphene oxide-supported cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate-frameworks, followed by the acid-leaching process. The Co@CN-600-AT catalyst demonstrated the highest catalytic activity among the synthesized Co catalyst toward the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitro compounds by transfer hydrogenation with formic acid as the hydrogen donor, which integrated three consecutive steps into a one-pot reaction. By applying this catalyst, structurally diverse secondary amines were produced in good to excellent yields without the reduction of other functional groups. The transfer hydrogenation of the imines (C═N bonds) was th.
Formation of 1-aza-2-silacyclopentanes and unexpected products from the insertion of phenylisocyanate into 2,2-dimethyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-aza-2-silacyclopentane

Abstract Substances like 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane are often used as adhesive promoters in various formulations for coatings or to adjust the properties of siloxanes and other polymers. Cyclisation of similar substances is also interesting because of the formation of the Si-N bond. 1-Aza-2-silacyclopentanes were synthesised from 3-aminopropylalkoxysilanes by intramolecular condensation reactions and substitution reactions at the silicon atom. The products tend to undergo ring-opening polymerisation. In contrast to literature reports, they can only be isolated as N-substituted derivatives. Phenylisocyanate inserts into the Si-N bonds of cyclic aminosilanes to form seven-membered heterocycles. Furthermore, phenylisocyanate reacts with N-H bonds in the same molecule. Two insertion products were isolated, and their crystal structures were determined.
Field cycling relaxometry of hen egg albumen

The mechanism by which albumen undergoes thinning is even today not completely understood. It is agreed that the high molecular weight glycoprotein ovomucin is responsible for the semi-solid appearance of the thick white through chain entaglement and/or electrostatic interactions with lysozyme and metal cations (Robinson, 1987). One of the suggested explanations of albumen thinning implies an ehancement of the complexation between ovomucin and lysozyme as pH increases during ageing. The complex would then precipitate causing ovomucin depletion (Robinson and Monsey, 1972b; Miller at al., 1982). Fresh egg Aged egg More aged egg
Bioelectricity generation using sulphate-reducing bacteria as anodic and microalgae as cathodic biocatalysts

ABSTRACT Because microalgal species carry out oxygenic photosynthesis, they can be employed in the cathode chamber of microbial fuel cells, thus negating the need for mechanical aeration for oxygen reduction reactions. A conventional H-shaped configuration is used for comparative analysis of bioelectricity generation using pure and mixed microalgal cultures. Three reactors are simultaneously inoculated with sulphate-reducing bacteria as anodic and mixed culture of microalgae (MA#1) and two pure species in the cathodic chamber in separate reactors (MA#2; MA#3). Maximum open circuit potentials of 670, 476 and 529 mV are achieved with MA#3, MA#2 and MA#1, respectively. Power densities on the order of 442.5, 69 and 135 mW/m3 are obtained for microalgal cultures MA#3, MA#2 and MA#1, respectively. The highest power and current density values are obtained with MA#3 inoculated with pure algal species. The algal species are also examined for their lipid content with the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nile red spectroscopy and lipid content analysis. A good amount of lipid content is shown in spectroscopy images. Biomass content is highest for the algal consortium (MA#1) whereas lipid content is best in the case of pure algal species (MA#2).
NMR Approaches to Determine Protein Structure

NMR spectroscopy developed very rapidly during the past decades. Modern NMR spectroscopy is widely used in the structural biology. As one of the major methods for macromolecule structure determination at the atomic level, NMR is unique in its ability of determining the macromolecule structure in aqueous solution close to the physiological condition. The ability of detecting molecular motions of macromolecules on a large range of time scales makes NMR spectroscopy an ideal tool suitable not only for structure determination but also for molecular dynamics studies. This short entry aims to briefly introduce the general process of solving a protein structure using NMR spectroscopy. Instead of emphasizing on the theory, the effort was put into an introduction of practical aspects of solving the solution structure by NMR spectroscopy step by step.
Effect of the degree of hydrolysis and polymerisation on the melting process of thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol)

In this work, the thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) (TPVA) blend films were efficiently prepared using pure poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and caprolactam–MgCl2 ·6H2O via the aqueous method on the condition of achieving the melting process of PVA. The effect of the degree of polymerisation (DP) and hydrolysis (DH) of PVA on plasticisation was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The plasticising effect increases initially and then decreases with the increase of DP owing to the destruction of hydrogen bonding and the decrease in regularity in PVA. The plasticising effect increases with the increase in DH, because the plasticiser weakens the hydrogen bonding of intro-intra molecular in PVA, which is confirmed by the shift of the –OH characteristic peak of FT-IR spectra. The thermal processing windows increase owing to the coordination effect between hydrogen bonding and crystallinity. TPVA-1799 had the largest thermal processing window (120°C) and the molten filament was extruded, which were both significant for melt spinning. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Implementation of ground penetrating radar for network-lever pavement evaluation in Florida

In 1991, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) initiated a study aimed at systematically implementing ground penetrating radar (GPR) for developing a statewide database of pavement layer thicknesses and base material type. Phase I of the study involved a demonstration of current GPR technology. This was achieved by conducting radar surveys on short pavement sections (0.1 to 1.5 miles long) established by FDOT and comparing the radar predictions with coring information. The results of these comparisons established the feasibility of using current radar technology for the purposes defined by FDOT.
Sequence-Controlled Methacrylic Multiblock Copolymers: Expanding the Scope of Sulfur-Free RAFT

Sulfur-free reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization (SF-RAFT) in emulsion allows access to the synthesis of sequence-controlled methacrylic multiblock copolymers. Herein, we expand the scope of SF-RAFT emulsion polymerization by utilizing four different macrochain transfer agents (mCTA) to mediate the synthesis of diblocks and sequence-controlled methacrylic multiblock copolymers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (pMMA), poly(butyl methacrylate) (pBMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (pEMA), and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (pBzMA) of a similar Mn (∼4300 g mol–1) were successfully synthesized via catalytic chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) in emulsion. The capability of these mCTAs to act as macroinitiators was investigated through the synthesis of “in situ” diblock copolymers and was then expanded to the synthesis of deca- and hexablock multiblock copolymers with varying degrees of polymerization (DPn = 10–50 per block, Mn,total = 7000–55 000 g mol–1), yielding well-defined copolymers with controlle.
Tapering of windowed time series

As described in Chapter 14, a largely used method of seismic data analysis, which is often applied to study geophysical processes, consists in the spectral analysis of seismic signals after having carried out a Fourier transform of the time series. However, for the analysis of noise data the recordings of some tens of minutes are usually subdivided into much shorter time windows (usually 30 s or 60 s). For earthquake recordings the spectral estimation of specific phases within a seismogram, particular those recorded at local and regional distances, can be difficult due to the difficulties in isolating a particular phase. On the contrary, mathematical principles require infinite long time series for performing a Fourier transform and, hence, such windowing will cause the Fourier transform to develop non-zero values predominantly at lower frequencies (commonly called spectral leakage, i.e. some frequencies tend to leak to other frequencies). Therefore, it is standard practice to multiply the data windows by a taper before performing a Fourier transform. The taper consist in a function smoothly decaying to zero near the ends of each window, aimed at minimizing the effect of the discontinuity between the beginning and end of the time series. Although spectral leakage cannot be prevented it can be significantly reduced by changing the shape of the taper function in a way to minimize strong discontinuities close to the window edges. Different types of tapers are shown in Figure 1. In seismic data analysis cosine tapers are often used, being both effective and easy to calculate, though bell-shaped and triangle functions are sometimes applied, too. In a mathematical form, the cosine taper can be written as with time t and taper ratio a. The cosine window represents an attempt to smoothly set the data to zero at the boundaries while not significantly reducing the level of the windowed transform. Such tapering will lead to the following effects: It reduces the leakage of spectral power from a spectral peak to frequencies far away and it coarsens the spectral resolution by a factor 1 / (1 – a) for the above cosine tapers.
Implementation of anti-corrosion nano-containers in the processes of surface treatment

The use of hexavalent Chromium as a corrosion inhibitor in protective coat-ings of metal parts will soon be prohibited because this element is consideredcarcinogenic and mutagenic. One of the strategies suggested to overcomethis problem is the incorporation of nano-containers containing corrosion in-hibitors, other than Chromium, inside a coating matrix. The nano-containersapproach used in this work is based on the physisorption of the corrosioninhibitor on charged nano-particles. It is an electrochemical approach wherea salt, the corrosion inhibitor, is adsorbed on the surface of the charged nano-particles. After the incorporation of the charged nano-containers in the coat-ing matrix and the deposition of the film on the substrate, the final morphol-ogy and therefore the homogeneity of the film will depend on several pa-rameters such as the evaporation rate and the interactions between particles.Consequently, one has to insure that the nano-containers are homogeneouslydispersed inside the coating matrix after the deposition, or be able to predictwhere inhomogeneities will develop. Hence, the first aim of this work is todevelop a modeling strategy to study the flow of suspensions containing in-teracting nano-particles in electrolyte solutions. The interactions taken intoaccount here are of hydrodynamic, thermal, and electrostatic origin and itis argued that in the application of film drying of nano-particles the interac-tions relevant are those of thermal and electrostatic origin only. Based onthis idea, the simulation of the drying of a suspension with nano-particles ofdifferent charges has been realized in a micro-evaporator. Considering thatparticle interactions are influenced by the charge and the electrolyte con-centration of the suspension, there is a clear motivation to study these in-teractions in a synthesized system of nano-particles, candidate in the designof nano-containers. Therefore, the second aim of this work is to synthe-size boehmite nano-containers, study their stability in a range of corrosioninhibitor concentration, and finally qualify them as candidates for the appli-cation of anti-corrosion coatings.
Effect of Processing on Total Iron and Zinc, Ionizable Iron, Extractable Zinc, Phytate and Phytate: Mineral Ratios in Pearl Millet

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br] is a good source of essential minerals but their availability is constrained by high amounts of phytate. Hence, this study examined the effect of soaking, germination and malting on phytate content, phytate: mineral molar ratios, ionizability of iron and extractability of zinc in five varieties of pearl millet namely MAHYCO 204, ICTP 8203, H6M33, Mahalakshmi 504, 8203 Nirmal – Mahabeej. Grain samples were soaked for 12 hrs and 24 hrs in grain: water ratios 1:2 and 1:5 and germinated for 48 hrs after soaking for 12 hrs in grain: water ratios 1:2 and 1:5 and germinated grains were roasted for 6 min for malting. All three processing techniques significantly reduced phytate content compared to the raw. Phytate content was significantly and negatively correlated with ionizable iron (r = 0.545), percent ionizable iron (r = 0.653), extractable zinc (r = 0.214), percent extractable zinc (r = 0.749), phytate: iron (r = 0.614) and phytate: zinc (r = 0.631) molar ratios. Mean phytate: iron molar ratio reduced from 15.2 in the raw to 7.6-10.9 on germination and 8.2-8.7 on malting and mean phytate: zinc molar ratio from 19.4 in the raw to 9.4-14.9 on germination and 11.3-11.8 on malting.
Investigation of HRT effects on membrane fouling in sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with respect to batch filtration mode

Membrane fouling in sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) was studied with respect to batch filtration mode at the two hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 16 h (SBMBR1) and 48 h (SBMBR2). Investigating the characteristics of batch filtration phases illustrated different TMP (Transmembrane Pressure) changing trends at the two HRTs. In SBMBR1, TMP rising rates per cycle were remarkably high and represented an increasing trend versus the filtration number, while in SBMBR2, TMP rising rates per cycle were comparatively low and did not change much with increase of the number of filtration. Larger particle sizes of the bulk sludge resulted in formation of a reversible cake layer on the membrane surface in SBMBR1. In the contrary, smaller particle sizes of the bulk sludge in SBMBR2 induced an internal pore blocking of the membrane, which was less reversible. In addition to cake layer formation, higher SMP content of the bulk sludge along with the accelerating effect of the higher filtration frequency resulted in the higher values of TMP rising rate per cycle in SBMBR1. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1785–1793, 2017
Phase-Field Modelling in Extractive Metallurgy

ABSTRACT The phase-field method has already proven its usefulness to simulate microstructural evolution for several applications, e.g., during solidification, solid-state phase transformations, fracture, etc. This wide variety of applications follows from its diffuse-interface approach. Moreover, it is straightforward to take different driving forces into account. The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to the phase-field modelling technique with particular attention for models describing phenomena important in extractive metallurgy. The concept of diffuse interfaces, the phase-field variables, the thermodynamic driving force for microstructure evolution and the phase-field equations are discussed. Some of the possibilities to solve the equations describing microstructural evolution are also described, followed by possibilities to make the phase-field models quantitative and the phase-field modelling of the microstructural phenomena important in extractive metallurgy, i.e., multiphase field models. Finally, this paper illustrates how the phase-field method can be applied to simulate several processes taking place in extractive metallurgy and how the models can contribute to the further development or improvement of these processes.
Microspacing In-Air Sublimation Growth of Organic Crystals

Organic single crystals manifest the intrinsic physical properties of materials. However, traditional growth of organic single crystals is limited by low solubility from solutions or complexity from physical vapor deposition. Here we report a new method to grow organic single crystals by microspacing in-air sublimation, which avoids costly vacuum system and time-consuming procedures and is practical for a wide range of organic crystals. In situ crystal growth observation revealed an unprecedented vapor-to-melt-to-crystal mechanism, resulting from the micrometer scale spacing distance between the source and the growth position. FET devices based on the rubrene crystals directly grown on Si/SiO2 substrate exhibited higher mobility than the best record using SiO2 as the gate dielectric. This effective organic crystal growth technique can be affordable and handled for almost every lab, which may be beneficial for future research and application of organic crystals.