Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion recognition using speckle pattern analysis and k-nearest neighbors classification

Emotion recognition is a basic communication tool in our daily interaction, and the recognition of emotions without contact and with high sensitivity may be very useful for various purposes. This paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation in which emotions of healthy subjects were recognized while they performed facial gestures related to those different emotions. Their faces were illuminated with a few laser spots and the formed back-scattered speckle patterns were analyzed with a camera having proper optics. By analyzing the temporal variation in the spatial distribution of those speckle patterns we estimated the muscles’ contraction–release motion in specific locations. The used data amount for the estimation procedure was less than 1% of the face frame so as to maintain the subjects’ privacy. Moreover, the presented optic method enables the detection of minor movements that cannot be recognized by the naked eye or conventional visual processing. After applying the machine learning k-nearest neighbors algorithm, we succeeded in reaching 89% accuracy in the recognition of emotions for the combination of two classification steps: subject recognition among the participants, and then emotion recognition among three optional emotions: happiness, sadness and neutral expression.
On the Thermodynamics of Non‐Electrolyte Solutions and Its Technical Applications III. Systems with Associated Components

The influence of continuous association of one component on the free energy of a non‐electrolyte solution is derived from a few assumptions. The result is in accord with available data for hydrocarbon‐alcohol solutions. Systems of two associating components and the general interpretation of the free energy of non‐electrolyte solutions are briefly discussed.
Eddy‐Induced Transport and Kinetic Energy Budget in the Arabian Sea

This study investigates the vertical eddy structure, eddy‐induced transport, and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget in the Arabian Sea (AS) using an eddy‐resolving reanalysis product. The EKE intensifies during summer in the western AS. Anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs) present warm‐fresh and cold‐salty cores, respectively, with interleaved salinity structures. The eddy‐induced swirl transport is larger in the western AS and tends to compensate for heat transport by the mean flow. Zonal drift transport by AEs and CEs offset each other, and meridional transport is generally weaker. Eddies also produce notable upward heat flux during summer in the western AS, where ageostrophic circulations are induced to maintain a turbulent thermal wind balance. Plausible mechanisms for EKE production are governed by baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, which are enhanced in summer in the western basin, where signals are quantitatively one order larger than the turbulent wind inputs.
Handbook of Combinatorial Chemistry - Drugs, Catalysts and Materials

The use of insoluble supports to assist organic synthesis dates back more than 60 years to the days when chemists first used ion exchange resins as, what would currently be called, polymer-supported (PS) acids or bases and PS scavengers. The field developed steadily until 1963 when it received an enormous boost with the publication of Merrifield’s method of ‘solid phase’ peptide synthesis (SPPS). In the following two decades it was not only SPPS that was pursued enthusiastically. The same general ideas were applied in studies of other organic reactions. These involved PS substrates, PS reagents or PS catalysts. Many PS chiral catalysts were used for asymmetric synthesis. It gradually became clear how PS reactions differ from the corresponding reactions in solution. The difficulties of carrying out reactions using PS substrates were well recognised at that time and the benefits of having the target molecules in solution appreciated. Indeed, many of the general ideas discovered then are still exploited today. The amount of published work up to 1985 amounted to well over 1000 references, many of them in ‘polymer journals’. Interest in the field then slowly wained until, in 1988–1991, it received a further major boost with the publication of the ‘split and mix’ approach to peptide synthesis. This provided a means to prepare from hundreds to millions of peptides rapidly. By appropriate manipulation, products with all the possible combinations of the chosen building blocks could be prepared with each polymer bead carrying just one combination. When, in the late 1980s and early 1990s advances in biological screening created a need for the more rapid synthesis of organic compounds for biological testing, many synthetic organic chemists began to take a keen interest in PS reactions. The publication explosion since then has been enormous. Now PS reactions are a standard part of the synthetic organic chemists’ tool kit.
Ester hydrolysis rate constant prediction from quantum topological molecular similarity descriptors

A previously established method [J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 2001, 41, 764], called quantum topological molecular similarity, is applied to obtain an excellent and statistically validated quantitative structure−activity relationship (QSAR) of base-promoted hydrolysis rate constants for a set of 40 esters. This work is relevant for environmental exposure and risk analysis and proposes a reliable and cheaper alternative to measuring infrared group frequencies for that purpose. Our method draws descriptors from modern ab initio wave functions, which have become affordable by the current abundance of inexpensive computing power. We acquire a 3D geometry-optimized picture of each molecule and characterize its bonds further with four quantities defined by the theory of quantum chemical topology. Without molecular superposition we then construct a variety of models, which all point toward the molecular fragment (OC)CO being most significant to explain the range of hydrolysis rate constants. This highlighted zone .
Towards the statistical construction of hybrid development methods

Hardly any software development process is used as prescribed by authors or standards. Regardless of company size or industry sector, a majority of project teams and companies use hybrid development methods (short: hybrid methods) that combine different development methods and practices. Even though such hybrid methods are highly individualized, a common understanding of how to systematically construct synergetic practices is missing. In this article, we make a first step towards a statistical construction procedure for hybrid methods. Grounded in 1467 data points from a large‐scale practitioner survey, we study the question: What are hybrid methods made of and how can they be systematically constructed? Our findings show that only eight methods and few practices build the core of modern software development. Using an 85% agreement level in the participants' selections, we provide examples illustrating how hybrid methods can be characterized by the practices they are made of. Furthermore, using this characterization, we develop an initial construction procedure, which allows for defining a method frame and enriching it incrementally to devise a hybrid method using ranked sets of practice.
Experimental Study of Microscopic Displacement Efficiency of Polymer Microspheres Using Low-Field NMR

For reservoirs in high water cut exploitation period, profile control and water plugging is one of the important ways to improve oil recovery. Cores with different permeability were flooded to analyze the displacement results and displacement mechanisms for different grain size of polymer microspheres. Fluid distribution in cores was measured by NMR spectroscopy after water flooding, polymer microspheres flooding, and subsequent water flooding. The range of pore sizes from which oil was swept out was also calculated. The results showed that microspheres can effectively sweep remaining oil in different pore size of the cores. The suitability of different grain size of polymer microspheres with cores is different, microspheres with micron size are suitable for high-permeability cores, and microspheres with nanometer size are suitable for low-permeability cores.
Protection of Individuals in the light of EU Regulation 2016/679 on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of such Data

The process of establishing normative acts in the European Union does not occur out of nowhere, but in the context of specific social needs. That was the case of the genesis of establishing legal regulations regarding the protection of personal data in the European Union. Socio-economic integration, which resulted from the functioning of internal market in the European Union, has led to a significant increase in cross-border transfers of personal data. It led to situation in which various economic operators or state institutions of the Member States have increasingly processed the personal data of the EU citizens. Within time, these data have become an equally valuable commodity - not to say even more valuable – compared to goods and services (Costa-Cabral, and Lynskey Orla, 2017, p. 11). Making use of personal data on a large scale especially by public and private entities, associations and companies over time has posed a threat to the security of personal data. This has made it necessary to introduce legal protection measures for personal data in the European Union that would eliminate the negative effects of any form of personal data processing. The purpose of this article is to evaluate legal regulations regarding legislative protection of personal data in the European Union against the background of EU Regulation 2016/679 of the European Parliament and the Council with respect to the protection of individuals due to processing personal data, its free movement and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (hereinafter referred to as Regulation 2016/679). Due to initially adopted purpose of the considerations there arose a problem which was formulated in the form of a question: Do the legal measures introduced by the Regulation constitute an effective tool for the protection of personal data in the event of a violation of the law by personal data administrators and entities while processing such data? The presented purpose of the considerations and the research problem determined the order of the analysis.
In Vitro Induction of Pluripotency from Equine Fibroblasts in 20% or 5% Oxygen

The cellular reprogramming into pluripotency is influenced by external and internal cellular factors, such as in vitro culture conditions (e.g., environmental oxygen concentration), and the aging process. Herein, we aimed to generate and maintain equine iPSCs (eiPSCs) derived from fibroblasts of a horse older than 20 years and to evaluate the effect of different levels of oxygen tension (atmospheric 20% O2, 5% O2, or 20% to 5% O2) on these cells. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed, and putative eiPSCs were positive for positive alkaline phosphatase detection; they were positive for pluripotency-related genes OCT4, REX1, and NANOG; immunofluorescence-positive staining was presented for OCT4 and NANOG (all groups), SOX2 (groups 5% O2 and 20% to 5% O2), and TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, and SSEA-1 (only in 20% O2); they formed embryoid bodies; and there is spontaneous differentiation in mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm embryonic germ layers. In addition to the differences in immunofluorescence analysis results, the eiPSC colonies generated at 20% O2 presented a more compact morphology with a well-defined border than cells cultured in 5% O2 and 20% to 5% O2. Significant differences were also observed in the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, mitochondrial fission, and hypoxia (GAPDH, GLUT3, MFN1, HIF1α, and HIF2α), after reprogramming. Our results show that the derivation of eiPSCs was not impaired by aging. Additionally, this study is the first to compare high and low oxygen cultures of eiPSCs, showing the generation of pluripotent cells with different profiles. Under the tested conditions, the lower oxygen tension did not favor the pluripotency of eiPSCs. This study shows that the impact of oxygen atmosphere has to be considered when culturing eiPSCs, as this condition influences the pluripotency characteristics.
Numerical subspace algorithms for solving the tensor equations involving Einstein product

In this article, we propose some subspace methods such as the conjugate residual, generalized conjugate residual, biconjugate gradient, conjugate gradient squared and biconjugate gradient stabilized methods based on the tensor forms for solving the tensor equation involving the Einstein product. These proposed algorithms keep the tensor structure. The convergence analysis shows that the proposed methods converge to the solution of the tensor equation for any initial value. Some numerical results confirm the feasibility and applicability of the proposed algorithms in practice.
Exploring the phenomenon of open awareness and its effects on stress and burnout

This article introduces research in open awareness (OA). The qualitative research method of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilised to investigate the characteristic phenomena that are associated with the state and perspective of OA, including its effects in terms of stress resilience, burnout prevention and psychological well-being. The research project involved exploring the experiences of people with high stress and burnout levels who practiced the OA technique for 24 days. The overall outcome of this research suggests that the OA technique may promote resilience to stress, while helping to improve well-being and performance, which in turn may support the prevention and treatment of burnout. This conclusion is supported by current literature, covering how distress and the onset of burnout may be associated with chronic tunnel awareness, which the OA technique was found to counteract. Two distinct areas of future research are proposed involving OA with implications for social renewal.
Temporally Consistent 3D Human Pose Estimation Using Dual 360° Cameras

This paper presents a 3D human pose estimation system that uses a stereo pair of 360° sensors to capture the complete scene from a single location. The approach combines the advantages of omnidirectional capture, the accuracy of multiple view 3D pose estimation and the portability of monocular acquisition. Joint monocular belief maps for joint locations are estimated from 360° images and are used to fit a 3D skeleton to each frame. Temporal data association and smoothing is performed to produce accurate 3D pose estimates throughout the sequence. We evaluate our system on the Panoptic Studio dataset, as well as real 360° video for tracking multiple people, demonstrating an average Mean Per Joint Position Error of 12.47cm with 30cm baseline cameras. We also demonstrate improved capabilities over perspective and 360° multi-view systems when presented with limited camera views of the subject.
Improved Accuracy of Sentiment Analysis Movie Review Using Support Vector Machine Based Information Gain

The quality of a movie can be known from the opinions or reviews of previous audiences. This classification of reviews is grouped into positive opinions and negative opinions. One of the data mining algorithms that are most frequently used in research is the Support Vector Machine because it works well as a method of classifying text but has a very sensitive deficiency in the selection of features. The Information Gain method as feature selection can solve problems faster and more stable convergence levels. After testing on two movie review datasets are Cornell and Stanford datasets. The results obtained on the Cornell dataset is the Support Vector Machine algorithm to produce an accuracy of 83.05%, while for the Support Vector Machine based on Information Gain, the accuracy value is 85.65%. Increased accuracy reached 2.6%. Then, the results obtained on the Stanford dataset is the Support Vector Machine algorithm yields a value of 86.46%, while for the Support Vector Machine based on Information Gain, the accuracy value is 86.62%. Increased accuracy reached 0.166%. Support Vector Machine based Information Gain on the problem of movie review sentiment analysis proved to provide more accurate value.
Network Security Situation Prediction Based on CPSO-WaveNet

A cross-particle swarm optimization approach is suggested that improves the WaveNet network security situation prediction model (CPSO-WaveNet) in order to increase the model's prediction accuracy and speed. Using WaveNet's advantageous nature of easy extraction of time series data, the features among network security situation data are learned, and accurate prediction is performed. Meanwhile, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is improved by introducing a vertical crossover operation to enhance population diversity. The model's hyperparameters are optimized using crossover particle swarm optimization (CPSO). In the experiments, on the one hand, the effectiveness of the crossover particle swarm algorithm is verified by two standard test functions. On the other hand, the simulation experiments and the established prediction model are compared with the traditional prediction method, and the proposed prediction method can achieve a fit of 0.9908. Comparing the convergence speed to the comparison algorithm, it is noticeably faster.
Solid‐Solid Phase and Solvent‐Free Oxidative Removal of N‐(4‐Alkoxyphenyl) Groups of Monocyclic β‐Lactams with Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as a Cheap, Simple, and Efficient Method

Abstract Five N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐ and five N‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐β‐lactams were prepared by ketene‐imine [2+2] cycloaddition (Staudinger reaction). Then these 2‐azetidinones were N‐dearylated by grinding together with ceric ammonium nitrate without hazardous solvents in good to excellent yields. The solid‐solid phase N‐dearylation is easier, simpler, and more efficient than the general method in solution. The pure N‐unsubstituted β‐lactams obtained by a nontedious workup and without further purification.
Principal Component Analysis of Hop-Derived Odorants Identified by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Method

Abstract Beers hopped with 79 varieties were brewed in small-scale fermenters, and 127 hop-derived compounds were picked up by comparing with the chromatogram of unhopped beer, after the analysis of the stir bar sorptive extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The 127 hop-related flavor compounds were used to examine the interrelationship with the hop varieties by principal component analysis (PCA). Different varieties and amounts of hop pellets based on equal amounts of alpha-acids were added to the cooled wort. Addition of higher amounts of hops resulted in lower concentrations of apparent extracts of beer, suggesting the presence of dextrin-hydrolyzing enzymes in the hops. PCA largely established five directions. Direction I including Cascade, Amarillo, Citra, Simcoe, Mosaic, Wai-iti, and Hallertau Blanc varieties was linked to geraniol and citronellol, both known to contribute to citrus characteristics. Direction II including Bobek, Styrian Gold, and Moutueka varieties was associated with linalool and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Direction III including Hersbrucker and Saphir was linked to sesquiterpene alcohols. Direction IV was associated with hydrophobic monoterpenes, and direction V was linked to hydrophobic sesquiterpenes. Further study of these hop varieties and constituents can help advance our knowledge in using different hop varieties to achieve defined aroma and taste of beer.
Solvent control on the electron transfer reaction between CoIII(en)2Br(L)2+–Fe(CN) 64− (L = aryl amines) by regression relationships: the PXRD and electrochemical investigations

Solvent shell coupled electron transfer (ET) reaction, principally between CoIII(en)2Br(L)2+ and Fe(CN) complexes (L = RC6H4NH2; R = m-OCH3,p-F, H, m-CH3, p-CH3,p-OC2H5, and p-OCH3) in H2O/EtOH binary mixed solvents has been investigated. The cobalt(III)-aryl amine complexes have been structurally refined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data as monoclinic unit cell with a distorted geometry. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes exhibit CoIII/CoII and CoII/CoI reduction peaks with an indication of participation of electron accepting/donating abilities of RC6H4NH2 in the reduction. The ΔEp (50–580 mV) and Ic/ν½ (0.12–2.83) values differ for the complexes. ET between CoIII(en)2Br(L)2+ and Fe(CN) is due to ion pair, {CoIII(en)2Br(L)2+; Fe(CN)}, formation leading to product via (i) solvent caged ({CoIII…FeII}, restricted mobility due to RC6H4NH2) and (ii) solvent controlled (electron accepting/donating substituent in aryl ligand concertedly alters the equilibrium: reactants ion pair) mechanisms. Reduction was followed in 0–30% v/v (x2: xEtOH = 0, 0.0159–0.1162) aqueous ethanol solutions at 286, 293, and 300 K. Reaction follows second-order condition and there is a gradation in rate when x2 = 0–0.1162 representing co-solvent influence. This tendency is understood in the attainment of equilibrium and the formed compact ion pair. In order to estimate the solvent influence, the rate data were subjected to linear and multiple regression analyses using Ys = Y0 + a1X1 + a2X2 + a3X3…anXn correlation relationship. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NPDD model: a tool for photopolymer enhancement

The use of theoretical models to represent the photochemical effects present during the formation of spatially and temporally varying index structures in photopolymers, is critical in order to maximise a material's potential. One such model is the Non-local Photo-Polymerization Driven Diffusion (NPDD) model. Upon application of appropriate physical constraints for a given photopolymer material, this model can accurately quantify all major photochemical processes. These include i) non-steady state kinetics, (ii) non-linearity iii) spatially non-local polymer chain growth, iv) time varying primary radical production, v) diffusion controlled effects, vi) multiple termination mechanisms, vii) inhibition, (viii) polymer diffusion and ix) post-exposure effects. In this paper, we examine a number of predictions made by the NPDD model. The model is then applied to an acrylamide/polyvinylalcohol based photopolymer under various recording conditions. The experimentally obtained results are then fit using the NPDD model and key material parameters describing the material's performance are estimated. The ability to obtain such parameters facilitates material optimisation for a given application.