Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Work Hours on Physical and Mental Health of Late Prime Age Men and Women

Our results show that negative returns to health outcomes set in at around 50 work hours per week, and that the negative effects of working long hours manifest earlier for women than men. Increased work hours are associated with higher incomes and better access to medical care. However, increased work hours also generate greater physical and mental stress, which may cause health problems. We examine these questions empirically with data from the 2006 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), using two-stage least squares to account for endogeneity of work hours and income in the health outcomes model. JEL Classifications: I10, J22, C36
Mixed Logit Model Based on Improved Nonlinear Utility Functions: A Market Shares Solution Method of Different Railway Traffic Modes

In recent years, with the development of high-speed railway in China, the railway operating mileages and passenger transport capacity have increased rapidly. Due to the high density of trains and the limited capacity of railways, it is necessary to solve market shares of different railway traffic modes in order to adjust the operation plans appropriately and run railway passenger transport products in line with passenger demand. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to calculate market shares by formulating a mixed logit model based on improved nonlinear utility functions taking different factors into consideration, such as seat grades, fares, running time, passenger income levels and so on. Firstly according to maximum likelihood estimation, the likelihood function of this mixed logit model is proposed to maximize utility of all passenger groups. After that, we propose two improved algorithms based on the simulated annealing algorithm (ISAA-CC and ISAA-SS) to estimate the unknown parameters and solve the optimal solution of this model in order to enhance the computational efficiency. Finally, a real-world instance with related data of Beijing–Tianjin corridor, is implemented to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. In addition, by performing this numerical experiment and comparing these two improved algorithms with the traditional Newton method, the ant colony algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm, we prove that the improved algorithms we developed are superior to others in the optimal solution.
Cooperation under the shadow of inequality

Cooperation often entails an unequal distribution of benefits. We study how inequality concerns affect the willingness to cooperate with others in an indefinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma. The experimental treatments vary the equality of payoffs resulting from mutual cooperation, the expected duration of an interaction, and whether the inequality remains constant throughout an interaction. At the aggregate level, we find that cooperation rates across treatments are accurately predicted by a model that assumes players solely care about their pecuniary payoffs. At the individual level, we find evidence that individuals care about treating others fairly, but not about inequality per se.
Chemical characteristics of cloud water and the impacts on aerosol properties at a subtropical mountain site in Hong Kong SAR

Abstract. To investigate the cloud water chemistry and the effects of cloud processing on aerosol properties, comprehensive field observations of cloud water, aerosols, and gas-phase species were conducted at a mountaintop site in Hong Kong SAR in October and November 2016. The chemical composition of cloud water including water-soluble ions, dissolved organic matter (DOM), carbonyl compounds (refer to aldehydes and acetone), carboxylic acids, and trace metals was quantified. The measured cloud water was very acidic with a mean pH of 3.63, as the ammonium (174 µ eq L −1 ) was insufficient for neutralizing the dominant sulfate (231 µ eq L −1 ) and nitrate (160 µ eq L −1 ). Substantial DOM (9.3 mgC L −1 ) was found in cloud water, with carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids accounting for 18 % and 6 % in carbon molar concentrations, respectively. Different from previous observations, concentrations of methylglyoxal (19.1 µ M; µ M is equal to µ mol L −1 ) and glyoxal (6.72 µ M) were higher than that of formaldehyde (1.59 µ M). The partitioning of carbonyls between cloud water and the gas phase was also investigated. The measured aqueous fractions of dicarbonyls were comparable to the theoretical estimations, while significant aqueous-phase supersaturation was found for less soluble monocarbonyls. Both organics and sulfate were significantly produced in cloud water, and the aqueous formation of organics was more enhanced by photochemistry and under less acidic conditions. Moreover, elevated sulfate and organics were measured in the cloud-processed aerosols, and they were expected to contribute largely to the increase in droplet-mode aerosol mass fraction. This study demonstrates the significant role of clouds in altering the chemical compositions and physical properties of aerosols via scavenging and aqueous chemical processing, providing valuable information about gas–cloud–aerosol interactions in subtropical and coastal regions.
Tissue mimetic hyaluronan bio-ink containing oriented collagen fibers to modulate hMSC spreading and differentiation

Biofabrication is providing scientists and clinicians the ability to produce engineered tissues with desired shapes, chemical and biological gradients. Typical resolutions achieved with extrusion-based bioprinting are at the macroscopic level. However, for capturing the fibrillar nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it is necessary to arrange ECM components at smaller scales, down to the sub-micron and the molecular level. In this study, we introduce a (bio)ink containing hyaluronan (HA) as tyramine derivative (THA) and collagen (Col). Similarly to other connective tissues, in this (bio)ink Col is present in fibrillar form and HA as viscoelastic space filler. THA was enzymatically crosslinked under mild conditions allowing simultaneous Col fibrillogenesis, thus achieving a homogeneous distribution of Col fibrils within the viscoelastic HA-based matrix. THA-Col composite displayed synergistic properties in terms of storage modulus and shear-thinning, translating into good printability. Shear-induced alignment of the Col fibrils along the printing direction was achieved and quantified via immunofluorescence and second harmonic generation. Cell-free and cell-laden constructs were printed and characterized, analyzing the influence of the controlled microscopic anisotropy on cell behavior and chondrogenic differentiation. THA-Col showed cell instructive properties modulating hMSC adhesion, morphology and sprouting from spheroids stimulated by the presence and the orientation of Col fibers. Actin filament staining showed that hMSCs embedded into aligned constructs displayed increased cytoskeleton alignment along the fibril direction. Based on gene expression of cartilage/bone markers and matrix production, hMSCs embedded into the bioink displayed chondrogenic differentiation comparable or superior to standard pellet culture by means of proteoglycan production (Safranin O staining and proteoglycan quantification) as well as increase in cartilage related genes. The possibility of printing matrix components with control over microscopic alignment brings biofabrication one step closer to capturing the complexity of native tissues.
Mining Minimal Failure-Causing Schema for Software Complex Configuration Space

Minimal failure-causing schema ( MFS ) may be affected by masking effects in software complex configuration space. A method for mining MFS based on combination testing and its testing results is proposed. The method firstly constructs a combination-fault tree ( CFF-tree ) based on the combined test suite and its results, extracts the frequent parameter-value-combinations from the tree as suspicious MFS and calculates their suspiciousness scores, and finally sorts them according to their suspicious scores. Though an iterative framework, MFS is repeatedly mined and checked by programmers until a certain stopping criterion is satisfied. Simulation experiments are used to validate the effectiveness of our method with and without masking effects . The experimental results show that the proposed method can mine MFS in the two scenarios and effectively reduce the number of additional test cases
Raising cervical cancer awareness: Analysing the incremental efficacy of Short Message Service

Objective: To evaluate the incremental efficacy of a Short Message Service (SMS) combined with a brief video intervention in increasing the effects of a health education intervention for cervical cancer prevention, over and beyond a video-alone intervention, with respect to key determinants of health behaviour change – knowledge, motivation and intention. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study design, comparing three conditions – control group, video intervention group and SMS + video intervention group. Participants were 144 Portuguese female college students allocated into one of the three experimental conditions. The effects of the health education interventions were assessed using a theoretically based multidimensional cancer prevention questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline and post-test. Results: Interventions significantly increased the key predictors of adhesion to cancer preventive behaviours. SMS contributed to increases in the expected directions. Evidence of the superiority in efficacy of the combined intervention (SMS + video) over the video-alone intervention was found for cervical cancer screening. Interventions were not as effective in improving intentions and more complex preventive practices such as sexual behaviour as they were in improving knowledge. Conclusion: Results are encouraging in that cervical cancer prevention knowledge and motivation appear modifiable via a one-session video preventive intervention. If, however, the development of intentions is an important predictor of effective behaviour change, study findings point to the added importance of an SMS-based strategy for improving specific cancer preventive behaviours. Findings reinforce the need for specific and tailored health education interventions according to the various determinants of behaviour change, as well as to the particular target behaviour with respect to cervical cancer prevention.
Technological Improvements in Cardiac Thrombus Diagnosis

Visualization of anatomic and pathological conditions within the heart, using noninvasive means, is fundamental for understanding, diagnosing, and treating cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular system imaging is technically challenging; it is not surprising that cardiovascular applications have often been a driving force in the ongoing evolution of imaging technologies. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major independent risk factor for stroke, and the risk increases in patients with AF and other concomitant potential cardiac sources of embolism [1-4]. Thus, accurate detection and diagnosis of high-risk embolic sources, such as cardiac thrombi, is important, as they provide a substrate for embolic events and a rationale for anticoagulation therapy. For almost 2 decades, the gold standard for assessing flow stasis and thrombi in the heart has undoubtedly been echocardiography, predominantly transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) [5-7]. Intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) and TEE evolved from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as an approach that uses high-frequency transducers with improved spatial resolution. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) have also been proposed and tested as alternative imaging modalities for cardiac thrombus detection [8-13]. More recently, new imaging techniques, such as dual-energy CT (DECT), have been developed and tested to assess flow stasis and cardiac thrombi [14]. In this article, we describe the pathophysiology of thrombus formation. We introduce recent technical advances in cardiovascular imaging in the fields of echocardiography, CT, and MRI as approaches to evaluate flow stasis and cardiac thrombus. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of the available imaging modalities for cardiac thrombus assessment.
The complete mitochondrial genome of an enigmatic predaceous springtail Metisotoma macnamarai from northeast China

Abstract The complete mitogenome of Metisotoma macnamarai (Folsom 1918) (Collembola, Isotomidae), a member of obligatory predaceous genus Metisotoma Maynard, 1951, was sequenced. It has a length of 15,177 bp, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. The mitogenome has the following base composition: A = 37.1%, T = 33.3%, G = 11.8%, and C = 17.4%. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood (ML) indicates that M. macnamarai clusters as sister taxon to the genus Isotomurus, with high statistical support.
Exploring the Impact of Street Arts Variables in Preserving the Malaysian Culture

Street art has been becoming one of the popular artwork in contemporary art scene. It has become a tool to help in sending out messages to everyone very easily on a constant basis, just like official advertising and other communication tools. Regardless of cultural or racial differences, street art, in such a creative communication method has the ability to link with people. In fact, some cities in Malaysia have gained popularity since the creation of street arts. With the rise of street arts in Malaysia, some renowned street artists are being commissioned to produce the artworks. Despite the fact that the installation of street art has been established for quite some time, yet it is only now that people are more aware of its importance in improving the city’s image, further to preserve our culture. There is still limited knowledge about the guideline to support the street art activities in preserving our culture. Therefore, this study aims to establish Factor Analysis in Exploring the Impact of Street Arts Variables in Preserving the Malaysian Culture. This paper addresses three variables which is independent variables, moderator and dependent variables. Factor analysis was conducted and eventually a whole new framework for the guideline in supporting the street art activities is proposed in developing tourism sector meanwhile preserving Malaysia culture
Attentive Experience Replay

Experience replay (ER) has become an important component of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. ER enables RL algorithms to reuse past experiences for the update of current policy. By reusing a previous state for training, the RL agent would learn more accurate value estimation and better decision on that state. However, as the policy is continually updated, some states in past experiences become rarely visited, and optimization over these states might not improve the overall performance of current policy. To tackle this issue, we propose a new replay strategy to prioritize the transitions that contain states frequently visited by current policy. We introduce Attentive Experience Replay (AER), a novel experience replay algorithm that samples transitions according to the similarities between their states and the agent's state. We couple AER with different off-policy algorithms and demonstrate that AER makes consistent improvements on the suite of OpenAI gym tasks.
STUDENTS’ INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH WRITING AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL A Case of the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA N 1 Kaliwiro Wonosobo in the Academic Year of 2018/2019

This study is about students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in learning English writing at Senior High School a case of the eleventh grade students of SMA N 1 Kaliwiro Wonosobo in the academic year of 2018/2019. There are three problem statements discussed in this study: (1) to examine levels of students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in learning English writing at SMA N 1 Kaliwiro Wonosobo; (2) to describe intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing students in learning English writing at SMA N 1 Kaliwiro Wonosobo; and (3) to describe strategies the teacher used to motivate the students’ motivation in learning English writing at SMA N 1 Kalwiro Wonosobo. In this study, the researcher applied a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by giving questionnaires to the students and interviewing the English teacher and students. Based on the findings, level of students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was in moderate rating of motivational level where total mean for intrinsic motivation was 3.33 and extrinsic motivation was 3.66. Meanwhile intrinsic factors that influenced students in learning English were: (1) high level of interest; (2) goal orientation; and (3) curiosity. On the other hand, the extrinsic motivation were: (1) teacher; (2) parents; (3) reward; and (4) method. Then, the teacher applied six ways strategy to improve students’ motivation in learning English writing, they were: (1) Showing English writing work to the students; (2) Approaching personally to the students; (3) Using appropriate teaching method; (4) Using interesting and fun learning media; (5) Joining teacher training; and (6) Communicating with parents. In short, the researcher concluded that students have intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in learning English writing since there are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influenced the students’ motivation. Furthermore, the teacher tried to improve students’ motivation in learning English writing by applying many strategies in teaching and learning process.
512 bit-SHA3 design approach and implementation on field programmable gate arrays

In this work, the authors consider the newly selected Hash Secure (SHA-3) algorithm on FPGA Gateway. The design is logically optimized for zone efficiency by combining the Rho steps and the one-pass algorithm. Logically recording these three steps registers leads to usage 16% of the logical resources for all implementations. This in turn reduces the latency and increases the maximum operating frequency of the project. It uses only 240 sections and has a frequency of 301.02 MHz compared to the design results with the previous FPGA implementation described in SHA3-512, the design shows the Throughput-Per-Slice (TPS) ratio of 30, 1.
A Fast Estimation of Initial Rotor Position for Low-Speed Free-Running IPMSM

Fast and reliable initial rotor position detection is essential for restarting sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in free-running condition. In this article, a fast initial rotor position estimation method for low-speed free-running motor is proposed, which utilizes a combined sinusoidal current and square-wave voltage injection method. The sinusoidal current is imposed into the estimated d-axis to magnify the magnetic saturation effect. The amplitudes of the d-axis current caused by injected square-wave voltage are then accumulated. The large difference of the two integrated signals for positive and negative d-axis currents can be reliably used to identify the rotor polarity. Meanwhile, in low-speed free-running stage, the change of saturation degrees introduced by the injected sinusoidal signal does not affect the position estimation accuracy. Moreover, even if the sinusoidal current signal is injected in the incorrect d-axis, the resultant torque is small and unexpected rotation of the rotor is prevented. Its influence on the free-running motor is negligible, due to the combined injection with continuously online updated estimated rotor position by high-frequency square-wave voltage injection during the polarity identification process. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated on a 1.5 kW interior PMSM test platform.
Implementing voter ID: lessons from Missouri, USA

ABSTRACT Many states have adopted laws requiring voters to present photo identification on Election Day. How are these laws implemented in a highly decentralized system of election administration? We report on a study of photo ID implementation in Missouri, focusing on the number of voters who check in at a polling place without photo identification during local and special elections held under the new law. These elections serve as early tests of the photo ID law and offer support for some hypotheses derived from implementation theory. We find evidence of uneven implementation of the photo ID requirement in Missouri. Local jurisdictions using electronic poll books checked in a much larger volume of voters without photo ID than jurisdictions using traditional paper poll books. Interviews with local officials suggest that voter and poll worker behaviour contribute to this pattern. Furthermore, other features, particularly jurisdiction size and the administrative and partisan structure of local officials, are associated with the number of voters who check in without photo identification. Therefore, the use of electronic poll books might overstate the number of voters lacking photo identification. In a decentralized system of election administration, it can be challenging to uniformly implement new voting requirements.
Primary Gastric Lymphoma: utility of 18 F-FDG PET-CT for detecting relapse after treatment

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of 18F-Fluorode-oxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for detecting relapse in post treatment patients of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). Data of 39 previously treated PGL patients (Age: 50.3±13.8 years; Male: 24) who underwent 71 18 F-FDG PET-CT for suspected relapse (n=53) or routine follow up (n=18) was retrospectively evaluated. PET-CT images were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively [standardized uptake value (SUVmax)]. Combination of clinical / imaging follow up, endoscopy and/or histopathology was taken as reference standard. Per patient based sensitivity of PET-CT was 96%, speciﬁ city 91% and accuracy 93%. Lymph node was the commonest site of relapse on PET-CT. Mean lesion SUVmax was 5.9±3.1 (2.3-13.6). Accuracy was similar in suspected relapse and routine follow-up groups (90.5% vs. 100%; P =0.409). Based on the data 18 F-FDG PET-CT appears to be highly accurate for detection of relapse
Machine-Learning Approach for User Association and Content Placement in Fog Radio Access Networks

The joint user association and cache placement problem is challenging in fog radio access networks (F-RANs) due to its difficulty to present the optimal solution with low complexity. Motivated by the recent development of artificial intelligence, we divide the original optimization problem into two subproblems. In particular, the user association problem is solved by a reinforcement-learning-based algorithm in which the enhanced fog access point content placement profiles and the fronthaul constraint are considered. On the other hand, since the popularity profile of the contents is hard to acquire in practice, a stacked autoencoder-based scheme is presented to predict the content popularity, which considers both the local and global user request status within a specified time interval. Based on the popularity prediction, the edge content placement problem is solved by a deep-reinforcement-learning-based algorithm, aiming at maximizing the F-RAN network payoff. Moreover, the complicated interactions and the cyclic dependency among the short time-scale user association and the long time-scale content popularity prediction and placement problems are studied by applying the Stackelberg game theory. The simulation validates the accuracy of the analytical results and proves that the proposal can further improve the performance of F-RANs.