Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from compost against Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium solani

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the presence of native antagonistic bacteria from compost and to evaluate their ability to suppress Pythium and Fusarium-induced damping-off of cucumber. Seven bacterial strains isolated from compost were screened for their in vitro antagonism against Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium solani. Out of these, two strains designated as ISO1 and ISO2 showed significant level of antagonism. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the mycelium of P. aphanidermatum and F. solani at the inhibition zones showed morphological changes in the hyphae including deformation, shrinkage and loss of turgidity. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, both bacterial strains (ISO1 and ISO2) were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cell-free culture filtrates of P. aeruginosa ISO1 and ISO2 significantly reduced the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum and F. solani under in vitro conditions. Compatibility analysis of the bacterial strains using cross-streak assay showed that they are compatible to each other. In addition, both strains were found effective in controlling P. aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. Soil application of P. aeruginosa ISO1 and ISO2 reduced the yellowing and stunting of cucumber seedlings caused by F. solani. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of P. aeruginosa strains ISO1 and ISO2 isolated from compost in the management of damping-off of cucumber. It also shows that compost can harbour bacterial strains with antagonistic activity against P. aphanidermatum and F. solani.
Electron Microscopy on the Heart of Kuruma Prawn Penaeus japonicus Artificially Infected with Penaeid Rod-shaped DNA Virus

Penaeid acute viremia (PAV) or white spot disease (WSD) causes mass mortality in cultured penaeid shrimp. Despite many histopathological studies, the principal lesion in the diseased shrimp remained unclear. Here we reevaluated the histopathology and ultrastructure of moribund kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus artificially infected with penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) as a pathogen of PAV. We showed that PRDV infected cardiac satellite cells, primary myocardial cells and myocardial cells of the heart, where the nuclei of these cells displayed virus propagation that resulted in severe myocardial necrosis. Myocardial necrosis was suggested to be a primary cause of the viremia of PAV.
Vegetative anatomy of Brachiaria obtussiflora (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf and Brachiaria callopus (Pilg.) Stapf (Poaceae)

The microscope anatomy of the vegetative parts of B. callopus and B. obtussiflora is described for the first time. The investigations of these data have revealed a striking identity between the anatomical features of B. obtussiflora and Echinochloa. The similarity is so strong that we would not hesitate to suggest the placement of B. obtussiflora and not B. callopus in the genus Echinochloa on the basis of anatomical evidence. Anatomical evidence of B. callopus shows that it possesses similar anatomical characters with the species of Brachiaria and therefore should not be excluded from the genus Brachiaria. Die mikroskopische Anatomie der vegetativen Teile der Arten B. callopus und B. obtussiflora wird zum erstenmal beschrieben. Die Untersuchung der beiden Taxa erbrachte eine bemerkenswerte Ubereinstimmung zwischen den anatomischen Einheiten von B. obtussiflora und Echinochloa. Die Ahnlichkeiten sind so auffallend, das wir nicht daran zweifeln, das B. obtussiflora auf Grund dieser anatomischen Daten zu Echinochloa gehort, was aber nicht zwangslaufig zum Ausschlus, von B. callopus aus der Gattung Brachiaria fuhrt. Die anatomischen Belege von B. callopus namlich besagen. das sie ahnliche anatomische Eigenschaften besitzt wie alle bislang bekannten Arten von Brachiaria, und sie kann deshalb nicht von dieser Gattung abgetrennt werden.
The Sales Impact of Using Handheld Scanners: Evidence from the Field

Anecdotal evidence is mixed regarding whether handheld scanners used in stores increase or decrease consumer sales. This article reports on three field studies, supported by eye-tracking technology and matched sales receipts, as well as two laboratory studies that show that handheld scanner use increases sales, notably through unplanned, healthier, and impulsive purchases. The findings highlight that these effects may be limited by factors such as not having a budget; for those without a budget, use of scanners can decrease sales. Building on embodied cognition and cognitive appraisal theories, the authors predict that scanners, as a bodily extension, influence sales through both cognitive (shelf attention, perceived control) and affective (number of products touched, shopping experience) mechanisms. The results offer implications for retailers considering whether to integrate scanners into their store environments.
Birds and the Dispersal of Lichen Propagules

Hawksworth, D. L. (1978) The taxonomy of lichen-forming fungi: reflections on some fundamental problems. In Essays in Plant Taxonomy (H. E. Street, ed.): 211-243. London, New York, San Francisco: Academic Press. Hawksworth, D. L. and Seaward, M. R. D. (1977) Lichenology in the British Isles 1568-1975. Richmond: Richmond Publishing. Parmasto, E. (1978) The genus Dictyonema ('Thelephorolichenes'). Nova Hedvrigia 29: 99-144. Wright, C. H. (1890) British hymenolichen. J. R. microsc. Soc. 1890: 647.
Peptidomimetics Based Inhibitor Design for HIV 1 gp120 Attachment Protein

Peptidomimetics is a novel drug designing strategy in which an Insilico inhibitor is designed by mimicking the framework of a short peptide. Novel drug design str ate- gies shall only pave way for developing unique and safer anti-HIV drugs. In the present study, we propose a Peptidomimetics based gp120 attachment inhibitor. I n human biological system, HIV-1 interacts with CD4 r e- ceptor of the host via its surface glycoprotein gp1 20 es- tablishing initial attachment. This protein–protein inter- action interface forms the base to derive an inhibi tor mim- icking backbone of the receptor. The mimicked inhib itor derived in this study is based on the insilico interactions of soluble CD4 (SCD4) (precursor of CD4) with gp120 . The molecular interactions of SCD4 with gp120 were iden- tified by MEDock software. Furthermore, the interac ting interface was analyzed manually for topology, and t he backbone of the ligand molecule was sketched based on it with chemsketch. Moreover, the sketched ligand was op- timized and was docked with gp120 using Argus lab. Dock- ing results show six hydrogen bonds formation betwe en the ligand and binding interface of gp120. The liga nd was also found to be fit with good druggable character, as per Lipinski’s rule of five. Hence, this work addresses the drug likeness of the peptidomimetic ligand proposed.
Effect of γ-Irradiation on the Lipid Profile of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)

The effect of γ-irradiation on the lipid constituents of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) was examined at radiation doses between 2.5 and 10 kGy. The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol, the major lipid component, was found to be made up of myristic (90%), palmitic (6%), lauric (3%), petroselinic (0.13%), and stearic acids (0.5%) as determined by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. A dose-dependent decrease in the triacylglycerol content and a concomitant increase in free fatty acids characterized the lipid profile of the irradiated spice. This suggested a breakdown of acylglycerols during radiation processing, resulting in the release of free fatty acids. These changes were found to be significant at doses above 5 kGy. The impact of the above changes on the flavor of the spice is discussed. These studies suggest that radiation processing of nutmeg should be limited to a dose of 5 kGy. Keywords: Flavor; γ-irradiation; lipids; nutmeg; gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Transformative interviewing and the experiences of multilingual learners not labeled “ELL” in US schools

ABSTRACT Recent research has documented the ways that schools adapt to increasingly multilingual and multicultural student bodies. This qualitative study explores the schooling experiences of nine K-12 multilinguals not identified as English language learners in US schools. Using “deep interviewing” strategies, the authors expose the racializing function of language, but also semiotic processes such as markedness, iconicity, and erasure and sociological concepts such as habitus that are revealed through analysis of the participants’ discourse about language and schooling. Additionally, the authors illustrate how transformative interviewing practices can spur development of learners’ own agency in creating more equitable learning contexts for themselves.
Hold your horses! A typology of endurance horse-riding participants

ABSTRACT Rationale: Limited research is available on endurance horse riding participants. Purpose: This research identified different segments of these niche participants. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to participants during an international endurance ride held in South Africa. Based on convenience sampling, a total of 116 completed questionnaires were obtained. Five motives to participate in the race (race, challenge, intrinsic, equine performance and event experience achievement) and four behavioural involvement pursuits (passive equine pursuits, event loyalty pursuits, active equine pursuits, and health and fitness pursuits) were identified. Based on these factors, three distinct endurance horse riding participant segments were identified: Equine achievers, Equine pursuers, and Equine challengers. Findings: The findings confirm that endurance sport participants cannot be regarded as homogenous. Contributions: Endurance horse riding events can be seen as a means to facilitate and encourage additional behavioural involvement pursuits that help expand the endurance horse-riding industry in South Africa.
Fauna assemblages in regrowth vegetation in tropical open forests of the Northern Territory, Australia

Context. World-wide, primary forest is in decline. This places increasing importance on understanding the use by biodiversity of regrowth (secondary) forest, and on the management of such regrowth. Aims. This study aimed to compare the terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in tropical eucalypt forests, regrowth in these forests (following clearing for pastoral intensification) and cleared land without regrowth, to provide evidence for developing management guidelines for regrowth vegetation in a region (the Daly catchment of the Northern Territory) subject to increasing demands for land-use intensification. Methods.Theterrestrialvertebratefaunawassurveyedconsistentlyat43quadratssamplingforest,38samplingregrowth and 19 sampling cleared land (formerly forest), and the faunal composition was compared with ordination and analysis of variance. Further analysis used generalised linear modelling to include consideration of the relative importance of disturbance (condition) of quadrats. Key results. Faunal assemblages in regrowth vegetation were found to be intermediate between cleared land and intact forest, and converged towards the faunal assemblage typical of intact forest with increase in the canopy height of the regrowth. However, even the tallest regrowth quadrats that were sampled supported relatively few hollow-associated species. The management of fire, weeds and grazing pressure substantially affected the faunal assemblages of the set of regrowthandintactforestquadrats,inmanycasesbeingamoreimportantdeterminantoffaunalattributesthanwaswhether or not the quadrat had been cleared. Conclusions.Inthisregion,regrowthvegetationhasvalueashabitatforfauna,withthisvalueincreasingastheregrowth structure increases. The convergence of the faunal composition of regrowth vegetation to that of intact forest may be substantially affected by post-clearing management factors (including fire regime and level of grazing pressure and weed infestation). Implications. Regrowth vegetation should be afforded appropriate regulatory protection, with the level of protection increasing as the regrowth increases in stature.
The effects of reciprocal teaching on reading comprehension, retention on learning and self-efficacy perception

This study was carried out to test the effects of reciprocal teaching on reading comprehension skills, learning retention and self-efficacy perception of reading comprehension. Research was conducted in 4th grade Turkish lessons of a primary school located in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey with experimental and control groups of 25 randomly assigned students. Experimental method was used in the research and findings were supported with qualitative data. Data were collected through the Reading Comprehension Skills Achievement Test, Self-efficacy Perception Scale for Reading Comprehension and Student Interview Form, each developed by the researchers. According to the findings of the research, there was a significant difference between students in the experimental group where the reciprocal teaching technique was implemented and students in the control group where the traditional teaching process was continued in terms of the achievement level and retention scores of the reading comprehension in favor of the experimental group. However, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of self-efficacy levels. The students in the experimental group expressed that they were pleased to have the opportunity to lead their friends, to have a say in guiding the lesson, this technique facilitated their understanding of the texts they read and it provided them with a group work environment.
Pathogenicity Confirmation of Ganoderma Disease of Coconut Using Early Diagnosis Technique

The pathogenicity and diagnostic methods were standardized for Ganoderma disease of coconut. The pathogenicity of Ganoderma lucidum isolated from coconut was tested using six types of inoculation techniques. Two diagnostic methods, viz. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were applied for the confirmation of pathogenicity in coconut seedlings. Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) were raised against mycelial, basidiocarp and specific proteins of Ganoderma and used for detection of Ganoderma in inoculated seedlings through indirect ELISA technique. All the three PAbs could detect Ganoderma in diseased coconut root tissues in early stage of the disease before symptom expression by indirect – ELISA at the antiserum dilution of 1 : 1000 for mycelial protein, 1 : 700 for Ganoderma specific protein and 1 : 3000 for basidiocarp protein. Low cross-reactions were observed with saprophytic fungi occurring in coconut roots and also with other basidiomycetous fungi. In PCR, primers Gan1 and Gan2 generated from internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA were used the detection that produced a product of 167-bp size in Ganoderma infected plants. In the present investigation, spawn inoculum responded earlier within 8 weeks compared with other methods of inoculation as expressed by OD value in ELISA test. This was also confirmed by PCR technique. The combination of these two diagnostic methods for detection of Ganoderma infection was highly reliable, rapid and sensitive.
Revisiting Eigenberg's prison rape model with criminal justice majors

ABSTRACT Prison rape can result in profound physical and psychological damage to inmates. Despite the 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act, prison rape incidents in the US have increased over 15 years. Previous research results have demonstrated that correctional officers who endorsed rape myths failed to enforce regulations, and they were apt to engage in sexual misconduct or sexual harassment directed toward inmates. It has been almost two decades since Eigenberg ([2000a]. Correctional officers’ definitions of rape in male prisons. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 435–449) presented the mechanism explaining prison rape myths (PRM) among correctional officers. The present study revisits Eigenberg's (2000a) prison rape model using the survey data from 446 criminal justice (CJ) majors, 119 of whom expressed their interest in corrections as a desired career. For the most part, the findings in this study confirm that Eigenberg's (2000a) model is applicable to the PRM of CJ majors. However, no education effect in relation to PRM was found. Implications for recruitment, training, and education, as well as avenues for future research, are then discussed.
Allelopathic activity of buckwheat: isolation and characterization of phenolics

Abstract Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of buckwheat. In the field, buckwheat demonstrated strong inhibitory activity by suppressing weeds. In laboratory studies, aqueous and organic solvent extracts of the aerial parts of common buckwheat inhibited the root and shoot growth of lettuce seedlings. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed maximum activity, and plants grown in the presence of the ethyl acetate extract showed severe root browning. The allelopathic constituents of the ethyl acetate phase were isolated and identified as gallic acid and (+)-catechin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Gallic acid and (+)-catechin were present in the upper part of buckwheat at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.01%, of fresh weight, respectively. Gallic acid was found to be selectively and strongly inhibitory to root and shoot growth of tested plants at 100 and 10 μg ml−1. (+)-Catechin, however, inhibited plant growth to a lesser extent. These results suggest that buckwheat may have allelopathic potential and that when used as a ground cover crop or green manure may produce inhibitors, which could suppress weeds. Nomenclature: Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.
Formation of Lipid-Laden Cells from Cultured Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Macrophages by Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxide and Low Density Lipoprotein

When cultured aortic smooth muscle cells were incubated with linoleic acid hydroperoxide and then with low density lipoprotein, marked deposition of lipids in the cells, viz., formation of lipid-laden cells, occurred; while incubation with either linoleic acid hydroperoxide alone or low density lipoprotein alone scarcely provoked the deposition of lipids in the cells. In the case of macrophages derived from monocytes, their incubation with low density lipoprotein preincubated with linoleic acid hydroperoxide resulted in formation of typical lipid-laden cells, even though incubation of the cells with either linoleic acid hydroperoxide alone or intact low density lipoprotein alone scarcely produced lipid-laden cells.
Statistical Characteristics and Synoptic Situations of Long‐Duration Heavy Rainfall Events Over North China

The spatiotemporal characteristics of long‐duration heavy rainfall (LDHR) events are statistically analyzed using hourly surface observations over central‐southern North China during the warm seasons of 2011–2018, revealing pronounced variabilities in the frequency and amount of LDHR. Two accumulated rainfall peaks are found in the western (WHRR) and eastern (EHRR) regions of central‐southern North China. The LDHR occurrence frequency decreases westward, and the peaks of the LDHR amount, frequency and intensity in the WHRR and EHRR are observed at nighttime (2100–0200 Beijing Standard Time) or in the early morning (0300–0700 Beijing Standard Time). The rainfall amount exhibits a bimodal diurnal variation in the WHRR (determined mainly by the rainfall intensity), whereas a single rainfall frequency‐related peak is found in the EHRR. Four types of LDHR events corresponding to different flow patterns, synoptic systems, and moisture transport mechanisms are classified according to their locations. The first is heavy rainfall in the WHRR with an upper‐level jet favorable for an ascending motion near Taihang Mountain; topographic blocking of southerly flow is crucial for heavy rainfall formation. The second describes heavy rainfall in the EHRR attributable to the favorable configurations of upper‐ and lower‐level systems. Heavy rainfall occurs over both the WHRR and the EHRR in the third type, including topographic blocking and convergence associated with low‐pressure systems or shear lines and a mesoscale low vortex or shear line related to topographic effects and positive vorticity advection in front of a westerly trough. The fourth shows a scattered distribution of LDHR stations and is generally not comparable to the first three types.
Dual Rotating Microsphere Using Robotic Feedforward Compensation Control of Cooperative Flexible Micropipettes

High flexible and high precise manipulation is one of the most critical technique for complex microsystem’s measurement, manufacture, and assembly. Although recent advances in microrobotics have successfully realized the automatic manipulation and positioning of tiny objects, their flexible manipulation in 3-D free space remains a challenge, such as the wide-angle rotation manipulation of microsize sphere, due to the complicate surface forces. Herein, this article proposed a feedforward model and realized the precise rotation for microsized sphere by two cooperative flexible micropipettes. Firstly, a microrobotic manipulation system with six degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) was developed and integrated with the microscope. Then, a feedforward compensation control strategy involving dual rotation was proposed for the precise manipulation of microsized sphere ( ${\sim }90~\mu \text {m}$ ) based on the analysis of contact forces. As a result, the rotation of the microsized sphere in two different planes was realized and the microsized sphere release procedure was also accomplished after rotation. Compared with existing techniques only allowing limited amplitudes rotation, this article realizes wide-angle rotation manipulation of microsized sphere in 3-D free space. This research opens new prospects for the microsized object accurate manipulation, which is expected to give a long-term impact for complex microsystem’s manufacture and assembly. Note to Practitioners—This article is motivated by the problem of the flexible manipulation of tiny object in 3-D space. The proposed nanorobotic manipulation system, two micropipettes and feedforward compensation model control strategy could realize the precise translational and rotational manipulation of microbeads in 3-D space, which offers obvious advantages of existing techniques. The proposed system and method could be a general solution for precise and flexible micromanipulation. Thus, it could find wide applications ranging from fundamental research to industrial applications, such as biological cell positioning, characterization of a particular micro/nanoregion, microassembly, and manufacturing.