Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aircraft geometric height computation using secondary surveillance radar range differences

A new system for accurate geometric height measurement based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment is presented. The system includes an interrogator and receiver station, and three receiving-only stations. The aircraft responds to interrogations, and the time differences of signal arrival (TDOA) at the four receiving stations are used to estimate the vertical position of the aircraft. The use of time differences eliminates the biases caused by the systematic errors in the aircraft SSR transponder delay.
Policy Diffusion of Performance Funding Equity Metrics: Traditional Neighbor and Dyadic Survival Analyses

While previous research on higher education policy diffusion often conceptualizes diffusion as occuring across neighboring governments, we conceptualize policy diffusion as also occuring across pairs of governments (dyads) regardless of geographic proximity. We apply both conceptualizations and use survival analysis techniques to examine factors associated with state adoption of performance funding equity metrics. Results show that the proportion of neighbors with equity metrics is unrelated to the likelihood of adopting a metric for either the 2- or 4-year sector, suggesting no evidence of policy diffusion across borders. The directed dyad analysis reveals that states are less likely to adopt a 4-year metric when the other state in the pair already operates a 4-year metric, indicating that states look beyond neighbors in policy avoidance behaviors. Internal state factors such as higher levels of legislative professionalism and greater enrollment of underrepresented minority and low-income students increase the likelihood of policy adoption. A state is less likely to imitate the adoption of 2-year equity metrics in another state when the pair show greater differences in legislative professionalism, minority and low-income student enrollment, income per capita, and income inequality. Our research highlights the utility of quantitatively modeling policy diffusion across governmental units that are distantly located, especially for higher education policy components that are nationally visible.
Adaptive State Estimation for a System With Unknown Input and Measurement Bias

An adaptive state estimator for passive underwater tracking of maneuvering targets is developed. The state estimator is designed specifically for a system containing independent unknown or randomly switching input and measurement biases. In modeling the stochastic system, it is assumed that the bias sequence dynamics for both input and measurement can be modeled by a semi-Markov process. By incorporating the semi-Markovian concept into a Bayesian estimation technique, an estimator consisting of a bank of parallel adaptively weighted Kalman filters has been developed. Despite the large and randomly varying biases, the proposed estimator provides an accurate estimate of the system states.
Prototype Model of Household Activity-Travel Scheduling

The Toronto Area Scheduling Model for Household Agents (TASHA), a new prototype activity scheduling microsimulation model, generates activity schedules and travel patterns for a 24-h typical weekday for all persons in a household. The prototype model is based solely on conventional trip diary data and therefore is applicable in many urban areas where activity data may not be available. The model makes use of the concept of the project, a "container" of activities with a common goal, to organize activity episodes into the schedules of persons in a household. A heuristic, or rule-based, method is used to organize activities into projects and then to form schedules for interacting household members. The TASHA model is considered to be a successful first attempt to operationalize a generalized conceptual model of household decision making, with reasonable correspondence between model and observed trip rates and chain characteristics.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Theory and Key Technology for Power Machinery

Based on the disadvantages of the original LMD algorithm in terms of smoothing method and end effect, this paper puts forward to a method of diagnosis of rotor system faults based on the improved LMD and singular value decomposition. The PF component obtained after applying the improved LMD method is able to separate the aliasing modes while maintaining the natures and features of the original PF component. Thus, the systems real information can be grasped more effectively. According to the experimental analysis, this method can be applied to diagnosis of rotor system faults effectively.
The electrical breakdown of insulating oil

The author attempts to reconcile the various approaches to the mechanism of breakdown in insulating liquids. The author argues that a breakdown model is necessary if sensible use is to be made of the abundance of practical data which has been accumulated. Models are proposed based on the latest information and the effects of particles, water and dissolved gas discussed in the light of these models. The partial discharge initiated at an electrode is proposed as the key mechanism in the breakdown process. This initial discharge must exceed a critical value for a local discharge to become the precursor to a breakdown. Particulate contamination is clearly important in facilitating a local discharge. Electrical breakdown is a weaklink process. Only one unusually large discharge (for example from an exceptionally large particle) is necessary to cause a breakdown of the system. >
Content Matters: Perceptions of the Science-Religion Relationship

ABSTRACT Science and religion are often portrayed as monolithic entities in perpetual and necessary conflict. We explore the extent to which perceptions of conflict or compatibility between science and religion are content dependent and are associated with participants’ own religious or non-religious social identities. In doing so, we develop a novel Science and Religion Conflict/Compatibility Scale. Across three studies (n = 1,506), we consistently find group differences between atheists, agnostics or other non-religious individuals, and religious individuals. Religious individuals reported the highest levels of compatibility and atheists the highest levels of conflict between science and religion. Additionally, perceptions of conflict between science and religion were divided into two distinct content areas. The first included items concerning big-picture explanations, such as understanding the origins of human life. The second content area formed around items that describe interactions between humans and the world, such as treating mental illness. We conclude that research examining perceptions of conflict between science and religion needs to adopt a more nuanced approach, that takes into account individuals’ identities and the context in which the relationship between science and religion is discussed.
Multi-Scale Image Segmentation Model for Fine-Grained Recognition of Zanthoxylum Rust

: Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, generally called prickly ash, is widely grown in China. Zanthoxylum rust is the main disease affecting the growth and quality of Zanthoxylum. Traditional method for recognizing the degree of infection of Zanthoxylum rust mainly rely on manual experience. Due to the complex colors and shapes of rust areas, the accuracy of manual recognition is low and difficult to be quantified. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in the agricultural field has gradually increased. In this paper, based on the DeepLabV2 model, we proposed a Zanthoxylum rust image segmentation model based on the FASPP module and enhanced features of rust areas. This paper constructed a fine-grained Zanthoxylum rust image dataset. In this dataset, the Zanthoxylum rust image was segmented and labeled according to leaves, spore piles, and brown lesions. The experimental results showed that the Zanthoxylum rust image segmentation method proposed in this paper was effective. The segmentation accuracy rates of leaves, spore piles and brown lesions reached 99.66%, 85.16% and 82.47% respectively. MPA reached 91.80%, and MIoU reached 84.99%. At the same time, the proposed image segmentation model also had good efficiency, which can process 22 images per minute. This article provides an intelligent method for efficiently and accurately recognizing the degree of infection of Zanthoxylum rust.
Performance of an ICU teleradiology system using computed radiography input

A Du Pont Linx computed radiography (CR) system and associated radiology image viewing station (RIVS) were evaluated with respect to CR image data transfer and image quality performance. Image transfers were compared with conventional film digitizers and CR film processing. Image quality was determined using limiting spatial resolution and low contrast detectability. Processing times differed for CR film output and softcopy display on the RIVS station, ranging between 2 and 10 minutes depending on whether single or batch processing was being used. In general, images from the CR were available on the RIVS display within 100 to 160 seconds compared with a minimum of 270 seconds for producing CR film images. Low contrast detectability performance for CR films was strongly influenced by choice of CR image processing algorithm. In general, there was very little difference between CR film and the corresponding images displayed on a RIVS. Digitization of film and subsequent review on a RIVS, however, generally showed a marked deterioration in low contrast detectability performance.
Impact of micro hydro power plants on transient stability for the micro grid 20 kV system

Transient stability analysis is conducted to determine the ability of the electric power system in maintaining the operating stability after a major disturbance. The disturbance can be trigger an impact on the stability of the rotor angle, voltage, and system frequency which can cause loss of synchronization. In this paper, the impact of the interconnection of the Tombolo-Pao mini hydro power plant (MHPP) on the stability of the system was analyzed by several scenarios to determine the behavior of system parameters in a 20 kV system interconnection network. This research is an implementation of regulatory provisions relating to the study of the connection to the PLN distribution network through by regulator. Based on the result of simulation study, transient stability of generators at TomboloPao power plant about 0.1 second, will not occur with network configuration according to modeling activation of anti-islanding protection of Tombolo Pao Power Plant which is set by 2 second. The simulation results show that the location of the disturbance in the electric power system has been influenced by the behavior of the power plant (synchronous generator) which can lead to the instability of the micro-hydro connected to the micro-grid system 20 kV.
The Principal Component Analysis about Optimal Ratio for High Performance Pavement Concrete

The high performance cement concrete mixture design for pavement was studied through a series of laboratory experiments based on an actual project program. We analyzed the data by principal component analysis and tested the concrete performance of strength, shrink and freeze-resistance. The results of a series of experiments indicated that the dry-shrink rate was reduced obviously by using expanding agent. The flexural elastic modulus increased as the flexural strength increasing. Adding air-entraining agent could improve the air content of the concrete, and as a result, the flexural elastic modulus was reduced and freeze-resistance performance was enhanced greatly.
Fully pitched-winding switched-reluctance and stepping-motor arrangements

The paper introduces the concept of using a fully pitched winding in a switched-reluctance or stepping motor. It is demonstrated that such a winding configuration results in more efficient use of the electric circuit, with each phase contributing to torque for more than half of the cycle of rotation. As a result, for many machine configurations significantly greater torques are predicted for a given frame size. In contrast to the short-pitched windings conventionally employed in such machines, the new configuration is shown to derive virtually all its torque from the rate of change of mutual inductance between phases. A number of different idealised current-excitation patterns are investigated, using both unipolar and bipolar excitation, and the mean output torques produced by the various configurations are compared.
Research Progress on Remote Sensing Classification Methods for Farmland Vegetation

Crop planting area and spatial distribution information have important practical significance for food security, global change, and sustainable agricultural development. How to efficiently and accurately identify crops in a timely manner by remote sensing in order to determine the crop planting area and its temporal–spatial dynamic change information is a core issue of monitoring crop growth and estimating regional crop yields. Based on hundreds of relevant documents from the past 25 years, in this paper, we summarize research progress in relation to farmland vegetation identification and classification by remote sensing. The classification and identification of farmland vegetation includes classification based on vegetation index, spectral bands, multi-source data fusion, artificial intelligence learning, and drone remote sensing. Representative studies of remote sensing methods are collated, the main content of each technology is summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. Current problems related to crop remote sensing identification are then identified and future development directions are proposed.
Combined optical/electrical simulation of CCD cell structures by means of the finite-difference time-domain method

A complete optoelectronic simulation of a CCD cell structure is presented. We combined the finite-difference time-domain method for simulation of the light propagation with electric device simulation methods based on drift/diffusion charge carrier transport models. In this way, the operation of the CCD can be modeled in a rigorous manner without simplifications of the geometry or use of approximate methods. As pixel sizes are continuously reduced, such rigorous models are of crucial importance for the analysis and optimization of the device performance.
Effectiveness of Social Media-Based Interventions for the Promotion of Physical Activity: Scoping Review

A global target of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to reduce physical inactivity among all adults and adolescents by approximately fifteen percent by 2030. Social media could have an impact in this effort because of its enormous reach, potentially addressing underserved populations in need for physical activity (PA) interventions. This scoping review provides a broad overview of social media-based interventions and systematically maps the evidence regarding their effectiveness for PA promotion and other health outcomes. Scopus and Medline were searched using the terms “physical activity” and “social media” and the names of key social media platforms. Following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, abstracts and full texts were screened for eligibility. In total, 12,321 publications were identified and 53 met the inclusion criteria. The use of Facebook was most prevalent in PA interventions, followed by study-specific platforms. More than one third of the studies revealed positive effects regarding the promotion of PA. Additionally, social media-based interventions positively affected other physical dimensions of health (e.g., weight or blood pressure). Results pertaining to feasibility were heterogeneous. Social media seems to be a promising tool for increasing PA at the population level. Future studies should take the abundance of platforms into account and select social media platforms consciously.
Object Oriented Trim of Complex High-Fidelity Simulation Models

The paper describes the development and implementation of a MATLAB based object oriented computational tool that allows numerical t rimming of complex high fidelity simulation models implemented in SIMULINK. Equilibrium points for the simulation model are determined numerically by a nonlinear equation solver. The nonlinear trim equations to be solved are defined by so called trim templates, which are built around the simulation model, enforcing the desired flight condition by su perimposing numerical constraints to the model. Trim templates are implemented as objects on various levels that can be accessed by several methods. To trim complex simulation models with rigid body dynamics and a variable number of different subsystems, child trim template objects are specified that inherit from the parent trim template class. They a ddress rigid body dynamics and different subsystems and are combined in the model trim template assembling the trim condition for the complete simulation model. Objects of the class model trim template handle the correlation between the different subsystems and co ntrol possible trim procedures like integrated or nested trim. The object oriented impl ementation and the trim algorithm are applied to a complex simulation model featuring a high system order as many subsystem states (e.g. those of the propulsion system, actuat ors or sensors) augment the original rigid body states. The aircraft rigid body trim template allows to specify different flight maneuvers, e.g. steady-state straight horizontal fl ight, climbing and turning flight with the implementation of several constraints or more complex cases like steady heading sideslips as well as failure cases or quasi-steady maneuvers, e. g. the determination of the maximum achievable steady-state roll rate or acceleration.
An insect-scale robot reveals the effects of different body dynamics regimes during open-loop running in feature-laden terrain

The transition from the lab to natural environments is an archetypal challenge in robotics. While larger robots can manage complex limb–ground interactions using sensing and control, such strategies are difficult to implement on small platforms where space and power are limited. The Harvard Ambulatory Microrobot (HAMR) is an insect-scale quadruped capable of effective open-loop running on featureless, hard substrates. Inspired by the predominantly feedforward strategy of rapidly-running cockroaches on uneven terrain (Sponberg, 2007), we used HAMR to explore open-loop running on two 3D printed heterogeneous terrains generated using fractional Brownian motion. The ‘pocked’ terrain had foot-scale features throughout while the ‘jagged’ terrain features increased in height in the direction of travel. We measured the performance of trot and pronk gaits while varying limb amplitude and stride frequency. The frequencies tested encompassed different dynamics regimes: body resonance (10–25 Hz) and kinematic running (30–40 Hz), with dynamics typical of biological running and walking, respectively, and limb-transmission resonance (45–60 Hz). On the featureless and pocked terrains, low mechanical cost-of-transport (mCoT) kinematic running combinations performed best without systematic differences between trot and pronk; indicating that if terrain features are not too tall, a robot can transition from homo-to heterogeneous environments in open-loop. Pronk bypassed taller features than trot on the jagged terrain, and higher mCoT, lower frequency running was more often effective. While increasing input power to the robot improved performance in general, lower frequency pronking on jagged terrain allowed the robot to bypass taller features compared with the same input power at higher frequencies. This was correlated with the increased variation in center-of-mass orientation occurring at frequencies near body resonance. This study established that appropriate choice of robot dynamics, as mediated by gait, frequency, and limb amplitude, can expand the terrains accessible to microrobots without the addition of sensing or closed-loop control.
Nonlinear photodetection scheme and its system applications to fiber-optic millimeter-wave wireless down-links

We report on our study on the nonlinear photodetection (NL-PD) scheme, which we have proposed and demonstrated as an extremely simple configuration for the optoelectronic millimeter-wave (MM-wave) mixing. The topics described in this paper are as follows: (1) advantageous optical MM-wave link architectures employing the NL-PD techniques; (2) operation principle of NL-PD; (3) detailed characterization of optoelectronic MM-wave mixer properties of a waveguide p-i-n photodiode; (4) experimental demonstration of NL-PD performance in analog and digital fiber-optic MM-wave transmission over a 30 km single-mode fiber; and (5) proposal of its possible applications to fiber-optic MM-wave wireless down-links, such as passive antenna base stations and coax-wireless-hybrid fiber-optic CATV systems.
Validation of the Updated Korean Calcium Assessment Tool

Background We previously developed the Korean Calcium Assessment Tool (KCAT) for assessing the intake of calcium and vitamin D in Korean women. However, based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI and VII (2013–2018), major food sources for calcium and vitamin D have changed, and the National Standard Food Composition database was updated. Therefore, the present study aimed to update the KCAT and validate the Updated KCAT. Methods A total of 285 women aged >19 years were asked to complete questionnaires of the KCAT and the Updated KCAT. Results Calcium intake did not differ significantly between the KCAT (566±245 mg/day) and the Updated KCAT (569±248 mg/day; P=0.343). A correlation coefficient of 0.99 indicated a positive correlation on calcium intake between the KCAT and the Updated KCAT, with an almost perfect agreement by Cohen’s κ coefficients (0.95). Vitamin D intake assessed by the Updated KCAT was significantly higher than that assessed by the KCAT, which was positively correlated with a moderate agreement measured by Cohen’s κ coefficients (0.41). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that the Updated KCAT was a valid tool for the rapid evaluation of calcium and vitamin D intake for Korean women.
Neural network for zero-crossing detection of distorted line voltages in weak AC-systems

In thyristor power converters, zero-crossings of the line voltage signal are used for the synchronization of thyristor gating pulses. In weak ac-systems, however, the line voltage can be distorted, and faulty zero-crossings can occur. Besides, in isolated power transmission networks, the line frequency can alter. For the detection of the true zero-crossings in such cases, we describe a neural network which is capable of tracking the true zero-crossing instants by utilizing the measurements of the three line voltage components in a three-phase power delivery system. The line voltages are measured with comparators, thus enabling low cost implementation. The network structure is extended by using a logic circuit which produces the time elapsed from the previous detected zero-crossing instant as a feedback signal for the network. The logic circuit is thus placed inside the network structure. Therefore, we can utilize the knowledge that the true zero-crossings occur at regular intervals in practical power delivery systems. The simulation results show that the proposed neural network provides competitive performance.