Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High resolution technology for FPD lithography tools

As the resolution of LCD panels adapted for Smartphone and Tablet PC rapidly becomes higher, the performance needed for lithography tools to produce them also becomes higher than ever. To respond to such needs, we have developed new lithography tools for mass production of high resolution LCD panels. We have executed various exposure tests to evaluate their performance. In this paper, we present the results of these tests. By employing higher NA projection optics, high resolution (2.0μm and under) has been achieved. We also present the effect of special illumination and the difference in profile between kinds of photoresist. Furthermore, we also refer what will be needed for masks and blanks in the next generation. To achieve even higher resolution, it is necessary for masks and blanks to have high flatness, low level of defects and small linewidth error.
Effects on Consumers’ Subjective Understanding and Liking of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels: A Study on Slovenian and Dutch Consumers

In the context of the ongoing debate on front-of-pack labels (FOPL), extant research highlights a lack of clear indications on which label is most effective in increasing consumers’ knowledge of food nutritional quality, and in favoring informed food choices. In this study, we have compared the effects of two different labels, one nutrient-specific label (i.e., NutrInform Battery) and one summary label (i.e., Nutri-Score), in terms of consumers’ “subjective understanding” and “liking”. Our work advances prior research on FOPL performance by focusing on two different countries—which have different socio-political contexts and which, from previous studies, present limited evidence on the topic—Slovenia, currently utilizing the Protective Food logo, and the Netherlands, who has recently adopted the Nutri-Score. The study also confirms, in line with previous research, a higher effectiveness of the nutrient-specific label, NutrInform Battery, on all analyzed dimensions in tested countries, when compared to the summary label, Nutri-Score.
Multiscale and Extended Retrieval of Associative Memory Structures in a Cortical Model of Local-Global Inhibition Balance

Abstract Inhibitory neurons take on many forms and functions. How this diversity contributes to memory function is not completely known. Previous formal studies indicate inhibition differentiated by local and global connectivity in associative memory networks functions to rescale the level of retrieval of excitatory assemblies. However, such studies lack biological details such as a distinction between types of neurons (excitatory and inhibitory), unrealistic connection schemas, and nonsparse assemblies. In this study, we present a rate-based cortical model where neurons are distinguished (as excitatory, local inhibitory, or global inhibitory), connected more realistically, and where memory items correspond to sparse excitatory assemblies. We use this model to study how local-global inhibition balance can alter memory retrieval in associative memory structures, including naturalistic and artificial structures. Experimental studies have reported inhibitory neurons and their subtypes uniquely respond to specific stimuli and can form sophisticated, joint excitatory-inhibitory assemblies. Our model suggests such joint assemblies, as well as a distribution and rebalancing of overall inhibition between two inhibitory subpopulations, one connected to excitatory assemblies locally and the other connected globally, can quadruple the range of retrieval across related memories. We identify a possible functional role for local-global inhibitory balance to, in the context of choice or preference of relationships, permit and maintain a broader range of memory items when local inhibition is dominant and conversely consolidate and strengthen a smaller range of memory items when global inhibition is dominant. This model, while still theoretical, therefore highlights a potentially biologically-plausible and behaviorally-useful function of inhibitory diversity in memory.
Advances in network topology security visualisation

The pervasive aspect of the internet increases the demand for tools that support both monitoring and auditing of security aspects in computer networks. Ideally, these tools should provide a clear and objective presentation of security data in such a way as to let network administrators detect or even predict network security breaches. However, most of these data are still presented only in raw text form or through inadequate data presentation techniques. Our work addresses this problem by designing and developing a tool that aims at integrating several information visualisation techniques in an effective and expressive visualisation. We also present a novel method that detects OpenBSD PF SYN Proxy and Honeyd. This detection of Honeyd improve the visualisation content assuring that the presented data is not fake and the OpenBSD PF SYN Proxy detection shows which nodes are safe from TCP SYN flooding attacks and improve firewall detection. We have tested our tool in the context of network security, presenting two case studies that demonstrate important features such as scalability and detection of critical network security issues.
Shielding effectiveness of a metallic enclosure with multiple apertures

In this paper, we employ the hybrid finite difference–moment method to predict the shielding effectiveness (SE) of a metallic enclosure with multiple apertures. The numerical results for various aperture configurations using the hybrid technique are presented and validated. It is found that a good practice to improve the shielding effectiveness of metallic enclosures is to divide a large aperture into several smaller ones. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 447–450, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20498
Multi-Sensor Interactive Multi-Model PHD Filter for Maneuvering Multi-Target Tracking

In maneuvering multiple targets tracking problem, Probability Hypothesis Density(PHD) filter can be used to estimate the multi-target state and the number at each time step, but single model method may not provide accurate estimates. In this paper, an interactive multiple model PHD filter is proposed, and then multiple sensor interactive multiple model PHD filter is proposed to improve the tracking of multiple maneuvering targets. PHD particle filter implementation is used to perform the proposed method consisting of multiple maneuvering targets.
Back analysis of cave propagation and subsidence at Cadia East Mine

Cadia East panel cave mine is one of the three mines comprising the Cadia Valley Operations, one of Australia’s largest gold mining operations, located in New South Wales. Production at Cadia East commenced in 2013 from Panel Cave 1 (PC1) with its extraction level set at a depth of 1,200 m below the surface. Currently, ore is extracted from PC1 and its neighboring panel (PC2) with an extraction level at 1,400 m depth. A critical component of effective production for Cadia East is successful cave propagation to the surface considering significant cave heights. To ensure cave performance, the rock mass immediately above the footprint of PC1 and PC2 was pre-conditioned by means of hydraulic fracturing (combined with blasting for PC1). Furthermore, a surface hydraulic fracturing program had to be instigated in the hard and competent near surface rock mass above PC1 to assist cave propagation through the final 450 m and its breakthrough to the surface. This paper discusses the significance of using a strain-softening model with the ability to capture the correct mechanics of rock mass frictional strength mobilization for a precise back-analysis of cave performance. IMASS (Itasca Model for Advanced Strain Softening) was used for this study in FLAC3D. IMASS uses two-mode softening yield surfaces. The first residual envelope represents the post-peak strength, and the second residual envelope represents the ultimate rock mass residual strength. The two-mode softening allows for mobilization of high apparent friction angles at low confinement when the blocks are formed in the rock mass. This, in combination with implementation of pre- and post-conditioning of the rock mass (hydraulic fracturing program) in the simulation, were critical in the successful calibration of the model.
Theoretical study of SEUs in 0.25-/spl mu/m fully-depleted CMOS/SOI technology

We present a theoretical study of the behavior of basic CMOS/SOI inverter and static memory cell struck by an energetic ion. This work is based on 3D Monte Carlo device simulation. CMOS cells are made up of ultra-thin SOI film 0.25 /spl mu/m MOSFETs without body ties operating in fully-depleted mode. The ion track is simulated by electron-hole pairs generation with an energy of 1 eV for each carrier. We took a particular care to quantify the radiation effect as a function of linear energy transfer (LET) of the ion. After irradiation of the off-state N-MOS of the inverter, electrons in excess are drained-off by source and drain contacts. Due to the lack of hole contact, excess holes tend to remain accumulated in the channel initiating a parasitic bipolar transistor mechanism. The electron current, flowing from source to drain, discharges the output capacitor, which result in a transient upset. The recovery time is then controlled by recombination of excess holes. For memory cell, even after recombination of excess holes stored in the channel, the return to initial logic state could not be achieved, which constitutes a definitive single event upset (SEU). As this would occur for LET as low as 3 MeV.Cm/sup 2/. Mg/sup -1/, hardening techniques for 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS/SOI devices are finally discussed. >
Modelling a push-pull parallel resonant convertor using generalised state-space averaging

A generalised state-space averaging technique particularly suited to resonant convertor analysis is applied to a parallel resonant convertor topology which produces high frequency power from a DC source. The convertor uses two power transistors configured in a low-cost push-pull arrangement that features low RFI emission and high efficiency owing to the zero voltage switching and absence of circulating current in the devices. Linear state-space models for the convertor describing its harmonic and transient characteristics are derived and compared with those obtained analytically and by experiment. Good agreement is observed in both cases thus validating the models.
A protein-based biorefinery for bulk chemicals production

1 RIASSUNTO. 6 INTRODUCTION . 11 WHY BUTANOL ANS ISOBUTANOL? 15 WHY SUCCINIC ACID? 17 WHY Saccharomyces cerevisiae? 18 CHAPTER 1 . 23 BUTANOL AND ISOBUTANOL PRODUCTION IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE THROUGH THE GLYCINE DEGRADATION PATHWAY.23 INTRODUCTION . 25 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 29 STRAINS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS.30 CELL GROWTH AND BIOCONVERSION MEDIA COMPOSITION FOR BUTANOL AND ISOBUTANOL PRODUCTION.31 GENE AMPLIFICATION AND PLASMIDS CONSTRUCTION.32 CELL GROWTH AND METABOLITES DETERMINATION.33 DETERMINATION OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES . 33 RESULTS.37 FINDING THE NATURAL WAY THAT YEASTS USE TO PRODUCE BUTANOL AND ISOBUTANOL FROM GLYCINE . 38 THE FIRST REACTION OF THE PATHWAY: FROM GLYCINE TO GLYOXYLATE . 42 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYOXYLATE β-ETHYLMALATE STEP.44 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF β-ETHYLMALATE – α-KETOVALERATE STEP . 48 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF LAST STEP: α-KETOACIDS CONVERSION INTO BUTANOL AND ISOBUTANOL.51 THE GLYOXYLATE CONVERSION INTO BUTANOL AND ISOBUTANOL REQUIRES Mls1p, Leu2 and Pdc(s) ACTIVITIES . 54 CONCLUSIONS . 57 APPENDIX 1.60 REFERENCES . 61 CHAPTER 2 . 65 DIFFERENT WAYS OF APPROACHING STRESSES RELATED TO BUTANOL PRODUCTION IN THE YEAST Saccharomyces cerevisiae . 65 INTRODUCTION . 67 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 75 STRAINS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS.76 SPOT TEST ASSAY . 76 DETERMINATION OF LIPIDS PEROXIDATION WITH TBARS ASSAY.77 RESULTS.79 THE GLYCINE EFFECT ON ALCOHOLS TOLERANCE . 80 BUTANOL CAUSES OXIDATIVE STRESS AT MEMBRANE LEVEL . 81 THE BUTANOL AND ISOBUTANOL TOLERANCE REQUIRES MULTIPLE PARTNERS: THE METALLOTHIONEINS INVOLVEMENT.83 CONCLUSIONS . 85 REFERENCES . 89 CHAPTER 3 . 95 UP REGULATION OF THE GABA PATHWAY AS A POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL WAY FOR SUCCINIC ACID PRODUCTION IN Saccharomyces cerevisiae . 95 INTRODUCTION . 97 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 105 STRAINS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS.106 GENES AMPLIFICATION AND PLASMIDS CONSTRUCTION.106 CELL GROWTH AND METABOLITES DETERMINATION.108 RNA EXTRACTION AND cDNA PRODUCTION.109 GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS.109 DETERMINATION OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES . 111 RESULTS.113 GROWTH CURVES AND SUCCINIC ACID ACCUMULATION PROFILE OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae STRAINS OVEREXPRESSING GAD1, UGA1 AND UGA2 . 114 ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF GAD1, UGA1 AND UGA2 GENES IN WILD TYPE AND ENGINEERED YEASTS . 116 ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN GAD/GABA PATHWAY.119 CONCLUSIONS . 123 REFERENCES . 127 CHAPTER 4 . 131 THE EFFECT OF GLT1 DELETION ON THE SUCCINIC ACID PRODUCTION IN THE YEAST Saccharomyces cerevisiae . 13
Hospitality Industry Employees’ Intention to Stay in Their Job after the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on the tourism and hospitality industries in Taiwan, causing some small companies to cease trading and large companies to place their employees on unpaid leave. Placing employees on unpaid leave may have negatively affected the intention of hospitality employees to remain in their jobs. This study examined whether employees’ job insecurity and organizational identification affected their intention to stay in their job during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously developed scales were adopted to develop items measuring job insecurity, organizational identification, and intention to stay in a job. Responses to 515 returned questionnaires were examined. The results revealed that job insecurity significantly affects organizational identification. Both job insecurity and organizational identification significantly affected intention to stay. Few studies have used path analyses to investigate the relationships among intention to stay, job insecurity, and organizational identification. The indirect effect of organizational identification was analyzed, and evidence supporting a total effect and total indirect effect was obtained. This implies that hospitality companies seeking to retain staff during crises should promote organizational identification among staff.
Generative Chemical Transformer: Neural Machine Learning of Molecular Geometric Structures from Chemical Language via Attention

Discovering new materials better suited to specific purposes is an important issue in improving the quality of human life. Here, a neural network that creates molecules that meet some desired multiple target conditions based on a deep understanding of chemical language is proposed (generative chemical Transformer, GCT). The attention mechanism in GCT allows a deeper understanding of molecular structures beyond the limitations of chemical language itself which cause semantic discontinuity by paying attention to characters sparsely. The significance of language models for inverse molecular design problems is investigated by quantitatively evaluating the quality of the generated molecules. GCT generates highly realistic chemical strings that satisfy both chemical and linguistic grammar rules. Molecules parsed from the generated strings simultaneously satisfy the multiple target properties and vary for a single condition set. These advances will contribute to improving the quality of human life by accelerating the process of desired material discovery.
South African Indian female principals in the Gauteng province

ABSTRACT Gender equity among South African principals remains a compelling issue for research. While post-apartheid governmental policies address gender equality, women continue to experience discrimination in the field. A theory of intersectionality was used to examine three Indian South African women’s leadership experiences. The focus was to investigate how the women negotiated obstacles in their work. The project involved semi-structured interviews, and the results yielded a contribution to the small body of literature employing intersectionality theory as well as the research around female principals experiences in South Africa. The findings revealed the impact intersections of gender, class and race had on the women within environments of domination and discrimination among family and their colleagues at work. Themes of family values, class, and Indian culture illustrated how powerful cultural and societal practices continue to promote patriarchal perceptions. Women as leaders were questioned, as the women experienced discrimination, stereotyping, and emotional abuse within family and work environments. In their efforts to overcome barriers to the principalship, the women relied on their leadership styles to promote relational ‘power with’ models of leadership.
East Algorithm For A-MAC Wireless Body Area Networks

Major challenge in design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes to prolong lifetime of finite capacity batteries. In this paper, we propose energy-efficient adaptive scheme for transmission (EAST) in WSNs. To achieve low power operation, several MAC protocols already proposed for WSN. In this scheme, temperature-aware link quality estimation and compensation, helps to divide the network into three logical regions to minimize overhead of control packets. Threshold on transmitter power loss and current number of nodes in the room region helps to adapt transmit power level according to temperature variation. Evaluation of the proposed scheme is done by considering body sensor nodes and reference node both static and mobile. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively adapts transmission Power level to changing link quality with less control packets overhead and energy consumption as compared to classical approach with single region in which maximum transmitter Power level assigned to compensate temperature variation.
The Impact of Professional and Non-professional Teachers' ICT Competencies in Secondary Schools in Nigeria

This research paper sets out to identify and evaluate the relevant strategies professional and non-professional ICT instructional material utilization competencies play in stimulating students’ academic achievement during and after instruction. To achieve the purpose of this study, several statistical procedures were employed and the used tool was simple to meet the need of the categories of respondents used. The results of the findings points out that variety of techniques are needed for teachers to effectively utilize ICT instructional materials in the teaching and learning processes. The findings also revealed that there are significant differences in the effectiveness between professionally trained teachers and untrained teachers in their ICT instructional material utilization competencies.
Estimation of Forces and Moments of Lower Limb Joints from Kinematics Data and Inertial Properties of the Body by Using Inverse Dynamics Technique

In this paper, the forces and its moments acting on hip, knee & ankle joints of the body have been estimated with the help of kinetic models for better biomechanics understanding of human gait. This helps in accurate measurement of segmental masses, acceleration, joint centers and moment of inertia acting at various joints. Free Body Diagram (FBD) and Link Segment Model (LSM) are used for computing forces & moments using Inverse Dynamics (ID) technique. Available lower limb walking model is limited in terms of number of joint forces and moments are analyzed; so, the improved biomechanical model for kinetic analysis of human walk involving lower limb joints & muscles is proposed which estimate the forces acting on the hip joint, knee joint & ankle joints. This was also performed to understand the cause of deviation in any movement by estimating the patterns of forces acting on lower limb joints. Result analysis provides input parameter for the development of prosthetic foot design. by informing the force and moment values of lower limb joints. This analysis will also help for quantification of lower limb prosthetics.
A Research Framework for Work Sampling and its Application in Developing Comparative Direct and Support Activity Proportions for Different Trades

Work sampling has been used to indirectly measure crew productivity. Although favoured for being less costly, easy to adopt, and able to provide quick information, previous work sampling studies have not gone beyond identifying the direct, support, and delay proportions of activities to provide a reasonable estimation of productivity. Research into identifying a relationship between work sampling results and productivity has been limited, and an approach to identify the most productive proportion of direct and support activities for different trades has not been developed. This paper proposes a research framework for crew-based work sampling, supplemented by foreman delay surveys and craftsman questionnaires, to establish a relationship between work sampling and productivity, and to identify the effective proportions of direct and support activities for different trades. The paper describes the development of this framework and illustrates the analysis involved by using case study data. Ultimately, this framework will be used to develop a crew-level productivity analysis model, based on subjective and objective factor modeling, supplemented by work study methods, including work sampling.
Neoplastic synovial lining cells that coexpress podoplanin and CD90 overproduce CSF‐1, driving tenosynovial giant cell tumor

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TCGT) is a rare neoplasm affecting the synovium of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. The overproduction of colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1) by a minority of the tumor population works in a paracrine fashion to drive tumor growth. Pathology of the reactive, monocytic component has been well elucidated, whereas the populations of neoplastic cells and all the sources of CSF‐1 overproduction are incompletely characterized. Podoplanin (PDPN), or gp38, is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on fibroblast‐like synovial cells and upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and many cancers; it governs cell mobility, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and other functions and is associated with lymphangiogenesis and poor prognosis in many solid tumors, which underscores its local and possible systemic effects. We found higher PDPN expression in TGCT than in internal controls of patients' healthy synovium. Flow cytometry partitioned PDPNhigh cells into PDPNhighCD90+ and PDPNhighCD14+ populations. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the PDPNhighCD90+ cells revealed that CSF‐1 expression was 10‐fold higher than in PDPNhighCD14+ cells. Therefore, we conclude that the lining fibroblast‐like synovial cells, which express PDPNhighCD90+, are responsible for the overproduction of CSF‐1 and for driving tumor growth.
ESTIMATED MUSCLE FORCES ANALYZES DURING CONCENTRIC-ECCENTRIC SHOULDER EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ROTATION

The purpose of this study was to analyze the muscle force production during eccentric/concentric shoulder internal and external rotation with 90° of abduction. Six male subjects performed five repetitions of maximal concentric and eccentric contractions rotation without interval, with a mean angular speed of 60°/sec. A biomechanical model was implemented to estimate muscle force and moment. Infraspinatus, supraspinatus and teres minor presented the larger peak moment values during external rotation (concentric and eccentric). Subscapularis, pectoralis major and teres minor presented the larger peak moment values during internal rotation (concentric and eccentric). The eccentric contraction allowed larger peak muscle forces and moments and the correspondent angles were altered, if compared to concentric conditions. The results presented are useful as guidelines for shoulder rehabilitation programs.