Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Shrouded Pin-Fin Heat Sinks for Electronic Cooling

The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of a cylindrical pin-fin heat sink in laminar forced convection. The mathematical models are presented for predicting thermal and hydraulic resistances for both in-line and staggered arrangements. Analytical/empirical correlations of friction and heat transfer coefficients are used in the analysis. The analyses are performed by using parametric variation of resistances. The effects of thermal joint, spreading, and contact resistances as well as the thermal conductivity on the overall thermal performance are examined. For a given size and heat load, it is observed that the overall performance of a pin-fin heat sink depends on a number of parameters including the dimensions of the pin-fins, pin density, longitudinal and transverse spacings, interface material, location and size of heat sources, method of manufacturing, type of heat-sink material, approach velocity, and arrangement of pins. It is also observed that the thermal resistance decreases whereas pressure drop increases with an increase in approach velocity, pin diameter, and pin density. Nomenclature Ab = area of the base plate ≡ L × W ,m 2 Ac = cross-section or contact area of a single pin, m 2 Afin = surface area of a single pin, m 2 Ahs = surface area of heat sink, m 2 CV = control volume D = pin diameter, m f = friction factor H = pin height, m h = average heat transfer coefficient, W/m 2 · K he = uniform effective film coefficient, W/m 2 · K k = thermal conductivity, W/m · K ks = harmonic mean thermal conductivity for the two solids, W/m · K L = length of heat sink in flow direction, m m = fin performance parameter, m −1 N = total number of pins in heat sink ≡ NT NL NL = number of pins in the longitudinal direction NT = number of pins in the transverse direction Nu D = Nusselt number based on pin diameter ≡ Dh/k f P = contact pressure, N/m 2 Pr = Prandtl number ≡ ν/α Q = total heat transfer rate, W Rc = contact resistance between fins and the baseplate, K/W R f = total resistance of fluid side of heat sink, K/W Rfilm = thermal resistance of exposed (unfinned) surface of the baseplate, K/W Rfin = resistance of a fin, K/W R j = thermal joint resistance between the source and the baseplate, K/W Rm = material resistance of the baseplate, K/W Rs = thermal spreading resistance in the baseplate, K/W
Prevalence and Evaluation of Toxin Genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates by Duplex PCR

Article type: Original Article Background: One of the most common infections in human is urinary tract infection (UTI) and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is one of its major causative agents. UTI is extremely common among young women. Children under age 5 are also highly at risk. Considering the prevalence of this disease, it is necessary to design an appropriate diagnostic method for its effective diagnosis. The aim of present study was to identify the prevalence of two virulence genes (sat and vat) among Uropathogenic E. coli isolates. Methods: Urine samples were taken from 350 patients with urinary tract infection. The samples were cultured on EMB agar and Blood agar. The suspected E. coli colonies were isolated and confirmed by biochemical tests. The genomic DNA was extracted from 297 isolated E. coli and target genes were amplified by PCR. The amplicons were sequenced and analyzed with ClustalW software. Moreover, data analysis was performed by using SPSS software. Subsequently, Duplex PCR was optimized for simultaneous detection of two genes. Results: The prevalence of sat and vat genes were 75 (n: 225) and 36 (n: 106) percent, respectively. In addition, less than 4% (n: 11) of clinical isolates comprised two genes. Conclusion: According to the conducted research, molecular identification of Uropathogenic E . coli strains according to detection of sat gene is potentially an appropriate method and could be noted for diagnosis. Article history: Received: 01 May 2012 Revised: 28 May 2012 Accepted: 25 Aug 2012
Synthesis and optical and structural characterization of Ce ( 1 2 x ) O 2 : M x O ( M 5 Cu , Co ) pigments

The synthesis of pigments from the system Ce1-xO2–MxO (M = Cu, Co) was achieved via a polymeric precursors method, Pechini method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques were used to accurately characterize the distinct thermal events occurring during synthesis. The TG and DSC results revealed a series of decomposition temperatures due to different exothermal events, which were identified as H2O elimination, organic compounds degradation, and phase formation. X-Ray diffraction patterns show the presence of pure cubic CeO2 phase for the samples with low Cu and Co loading. A decrease of the specific surface area with increasing copper and cobalt content was observed. The UV–visible diffuse reflectance technique was employed to study the optical properties in the 200– 800 nm range. Colorimetric coordinates L*, a*, b* were calculated for the pigment powders. The powders presented a variety of colors from yellow for pure CeO2, to brown for the ones loaded with copper and gray for the ones with cobalt.
Sliding Mode Control of A Class of Nonlinear Systems

This paper concerns the sliding mode control problems for a class of nonlinear systems, named repeated scalar nonlinear systems, with a pre-scribed performance. Firstly, observer based on event-triggered scheme is constructed to well estimate the system states. Corresponding sliding mode dynamics is obtained. Then, sliding mode controller is designed to keep that the closed-loop system trajectories to reach the pre-specified sliding region in finite time. Finally, sufficient conditions of sliding mode dynamics and error dynamics to be stochastic stable with a pre-scribed performance are provided.
Multi-Label Classification with Feature-Aware Cost-Sensitive Label Embedding

Multi-label classification (MLC) is an important learning problem where each instance is annotated with multiple labels. Label embedding (LE) is an important family of methods for MLC that extracts and utilizes the latent structure of labels towards better performance. Within the family, feature-aware LE methods, which jointly consider the feature and label information during extraction, have been shown to reach better performance than feature-unaware ones. Nevertheless, current feature-aware LE methods are not designed to flexibly adapt to different evaluation criteria. In this work, we propose a novel feature-aware LE method that takes the desired evaluation criterion (cost) into account during training. The method, named Feature-aware Cost-sensitive Label Embedding (FaCLE), encodes the criterion into the distance between embedded vectors with a deep Siamese network. The feature-aware characteristic of FaCLE is achieved with a loss function that jointly considers the embedding error and the feature-to-embedding error. Moreover, FaCLE is coupled with an additional-bit trick to deal with the possibly asymmetric criteria. Experiment results across different data sets and evaluation criteria demonstrate that FaCLE is superior to other state-of-the-art feature-aware LE methods and competitive to cost-sensitive LE methods.
Innate Immunity Plays a Key Role in Leishmania Infection: Implications for Vaccine Design

, produce cytokines and interact with different immune cells to shape the adaptive response. Leishmania as an obligatory intracellular parasite has evolved to benefit this early innate response to find its way into macrophages, the final host cells. Therefore it is important to reconsider the role of neutrophils for further improvement of the current vaccine status. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis, 2016, 4 (3-4): 39-44.
Evolutionary Transitions in Mode of Development

Edited by Tyler J. Carrier, Adam M. Reitzel, and Andreas Heyland: Oxford University Press (2018). © Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003. 0004 that act on that variation among individuals, populations, or closely related congeners—are more appropriate to answer questions about mechanisms underlying the loss and regain of major complex characters such as feeding larvae. Many groups of marine invertebrates include both species with planktotrophic larvae and species that lack a feeding larval stage, and a few groups also include unusual intermediates like facultative feeding larvae and polymorphic development (Allen and Pernet, 2007; Collin, 2012; Table 4.1). Nonplanktotrophic development has been variously subdivided in the literature, depending on whether larvae are pelagic or spend part or all of development in capsules, gel masses, or brooded; however, a commonly listed dichotomy is between planktotrophic and lecithotrophic (yolk-feeding) development, where lecithotrophy encompasses all nonplanktotrophic modes as well as nonfeeding planktonic larvae. Planktonic larvae are free-living animals with complex morphologies that are generally characteristic of a phylum, class, or family. Feeding larvae may live for days, weeks, months, or even years in the water column, whereas pelagic lecithotrophic larvae generally spend hours to days in the plankton (Olson, 1985; Strathmann and Strathmann, 2007; Neilson, this volume; Marshall et al., this volume). While the evolutionary loss of feeding is often the main focus of comparative studies (Strathmann, 1978; 1985; Wray, 1995; 1996; Rouse, 2000; Collin, 2004), the evolutionary loss of planktotrophic larvae entails not just the loss of feeding per se, but also loss or modification of other characteristics that are associated with planktotrophy such as 4.
An Optimum Approach for Preprocessing of Web User Query

The emergence of the Web technology generated a massive amount of raw data by enabling Internet users to post their opinions, comments, and reviews on the web. To extract useful information from this raw data can be a very challenging task. Search engines play a critical role in these circumstances. User queries are becoming main issues for the search engines. Therefore a preprocessing operation is essential. In this paper, we present a framework for natural language preprocessing for efficient data retrieval and some of the required processing for effective retrieval such as elongated word handling, stop word removal, stemming, etc. This manuscript starts by building a manually annotated dataset and then takes the reader through the detailed steps of process. Experiments are conducted for special stages of this process to examine the accuracy of the system.
An Improved Finite-Set Model Predictive Control Based on Discrete Space Vector Modulation Methods for Grid-Connected Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter

This paper proposes an improved finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) to reduce current ripples and balance the neutral-point voltage for grid-connected three-level voltage source inverter. The proposed FS model predictive current control is based on the discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) to synthesize various voltage vectors. The proposed DSVM method enables to calculate all of the virtual voltage vector values immediately without the lookup table. To overcome the excessive computation burden problem, the optimal region determination strategy is presented in order to use only minimum number of voltage vectors for the cost function calculation. To balance the neutral-point voltage, the proposed offset voltage injection (OVI) method based on the FS-MPC is introduced in this paper. Various offset voltage values are obtained and an optimal offset voltage value is determined using the MPC algorithm. Since the proposed control method is based on space vector diagram without being restricted by the switching states, it can be easily applied to a multilevel system or other applications. The simulation and experiment results are presented to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method using the grid-connected three-level T-type voltage source inverter.
Comparison of ozone profiles between Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder and worldwide ozonesonde measurements

We compared ozone profiles measured by the Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) with those taken at worldwide ozonesonde stations. To assess the quality of the SMILES version 2.3 ozone data for 16–30 km, 601 ozonesonde profiles were compared with the coincident SMILES ozone profiles. The agreement between SMILES and ozonesonde measurements was generally good within 5%–7% for 18–30 km at middle and high latitudes but degraded below 18 km. At low latitudes, however, the SMILES ozone data showed larger values (~6%–15% for 20–26 km) than those at middle and high latitudes. To explain this bias, we explored some possible issues in the ozonesonde measurement system. One possibility is due to a pressure bias in radiosonde measurements with a pressure sensor, but it would be within a few percent. We also examined an issue of the ozonesonde's response time. The response time was estimated from ozonesonde measurements with ascending and descending profiles showing clear difference, by using the time lag correction method to minimize the difference between them. Our estimation shows 28 s on average which is a similar value derived by prelaunch preparation. By applying this correction to the original profiles, we found a negative bias of the ascending ozonesonde measurement more than 7% at 20 km in the equatorial latitude where the vertical gradient of ozone is steep. The corrected ozonesonde profiles showed better agreement with the SMILES data. We suggest that the response time of ozonesondes could create a negative bias, particularly in the lower stratosphere at equatorial latitudes.
Generative Systems and the Cinematic Spaces of Film and Installation Art

ABSTRACT The author's informal research in the 1970s explored iterative and generative systems using motion-picture film. His approach was practice-based and occurred in the context of artists studying the structure and materiality of the film experience. Based on historical and contemporary notes he accumulated about his film Red+Green+Blue, the author evaluates the generative art that emerged using this analogue-based medium in the light of recent discussion of digital and binary-based interactive installations.
Informal mealtime pedagogies: exploring the influence of family structure on young people's healthy eating dispositions

Families are increasingly recognised as informal sites of learning, especially with regard to healthy eating. Through the use of Bourdieu's conceptual tools, this paper explores the role of family meals within different family structures and the informal pedagogic encounters that take place. How they help to construct young people's healthy eating beliefs, values and dispositions, together with what influences their ability to conduct healthy lifestyle practices within different social and material conditions, is also considered. This study draws from semi-structured interviews with students (n =62) from three inner city comprehensive schools in the Midlands, UK, who were invited to interview with a friend from the same family structure. The interview protocol sought to uncover how often young people ate with their family and elicit their subjective views of family meals as a social context (pedagogical field) in which health messages were conveyed. Corresponding interview data were analysed using thematic analysis which revealed two main themes: (1) the importance of family meals as a pedagogic context for the (re)production of health-related beliefs, values and dispositions and (2) the influence of family structure on individual agency. The narratives illustrate the varying role of family meals for young people in different fields and suggest that family (as a primary field) with its particular practices can act as a site of informal pedagogy, but crucially, only for those whose social and material conditions allow. We should therefore not assume that family meals are ‘normative’ for all families and may serve different functions for different families. Hence, in a period of economic depression and prolonged austerity, encouraging family units of any structure to invest in family meals from an early age will help to enhance young people's healthy dispositions.
Bounded linear operators that preserve the weak supermajorization on $\ell^1(I)^+$

Linear preservers of weak supermajorization which is defined on positive functions contained in the discrete Lebesgue space $\ell^1(I)$ are characterized. Two different classes of operators that preserve the weak supermajorization are formed. It is shown that every linear preserver may be decomposed as sum of two operators from the above classes, and conversely, the sum of two operators which satisfy an additional condition is a linear preserver. Necessary and sufficient conditions under which a bounded linear operator is a linear preserver of the weak supermajorization are given. It is concluded that positive linear preservers of the weak supermajorization coincide with preservers of weak majorization and standard majorization on $\ell^1(I)$.
High-accuracy reconstruction of titanium x-ray emission spectra, including relative intensities, asymmetry and satellites, and ab initio determination of shake magnitudes for transition metals

High resolution x-ray spectroscopy has revealed a complex structure in the spectrum of core-ionized elements. To date, theoretical reproductions must be fitted to experimental results using fitting parameters to account for transition widths, energy corrections, spectator intensities and spectator broadening—up to 12 or more parameters depending on complexity. We provide here the first accurate reconstruction of the Kα spectra in titanium using only instrumental broadening widths as free parameters. We also determine structural systematics in observed shake processes in transition metals for the first time.
Challenges of Malware Analysis : Obfuscation Techniques

It is a big concern to provide the security to computer system against the malware. Every day a millions of new malware are developed and the worse thing is that new malware are highly sophisticated which are very difficult to detect. Because the malware developers use the various obfuscation techniques to hide the actual code or the behaviour of malware. Thereby, it becomes very hard to analyze the malware for getting the useful information in order to design the malware detection system because of anti-static and anti-dynamic analysis technique (obfuscation techniques). In this paper, various malware obfuscation techniques are discussed in detail.
Missing Values Imputation using Similarity Matching Method for Brainprint Authentication

This paper proposes a similarity matching imputation method to deal with the missing values in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals with rather high amplitude can be considered as noise, normally they will be removed. The occurrence of missing values after this artefact rejection process increases the complexity of computational modelling due to incomplete data input for model training. The fundamental concept of the proposed similarity matching imputation method is founded on the assumption that similar stimulation on a particular subject will acquire comparable EEG signals response over the related EEG channels. Hence, we replaced the missing values using the highest similarity amplitude measure across different trials in this study. Next, wavelet phase stability (WPS) was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method since WPS portrays better signals information as compared to amplitude measure in this situation. The statistical paired sample t-test was used to validate the performance of the proposed similarity matching imputation method and the preceding mean substitute imputation method. The lower the value of mean difference indicates the better approximation of imputation data towards its original form. The proposed method is able to treat 9.75% more missing value trials, with significantly better imputation value, than the mean substitution method. Continuity of the current study will be focusing on evaluating the robustness of the proposed method in dealing with different rate of missing data.
Serum progesterone concentration and conception rate of beef cows supplemented with ground corn after a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol

The effects of different levels of finely ground corn (FC) supplementation to grazing beef cows after fixed-time AI (TAI) on serum progesterone (P4) concentrations on day 7 and conception rates on day 28 after TAI were investigated. Three hundred and sixty-four lactating multiparous Brangus cows had follicular and luteal activity synchronized by treatment with estradiol benzoate (Estrogin; 2.0mg IM) and insertion of intra-vaginal P4 releasing device (CIDR) on day -11, followed by treatment with PGF2α (Lutalyse; 25mg IM) on day -4, CIDR and calf removal on day -2, and treatment with GnRH (Fertagyl; 100μg IM) TAI and calf return on day 0. On day 0, cows were randomly allotted in one of the following FC supplement treatments: G1 2kg/day from day 0 to 21; G2 2kg/day from day 0 to 7, and 6kg/day from day 8 to 21; G3 6kg/day from day 0 to 7, and 2kg/day from day 8 to 21; and G4 6kg/day from day 0 to 21. Blood samples were collected on day 7, and pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography indicating the presence of a fetus on day 28. Cows supplemented with 2kg/d of FC had higher serum concentration of P4 on day 7 than cows supplemented with 6kg/d (1.58 vs. 1.28ng/mL; P<0.01; SEM = 0.08). Cows from G4 had higher conception rates compared to G1 cows (58.4 vs. 41.9%, respectively; P<0.05). The level of supplemental energy intake after TAI is negatively associated with following serum P4 concentrations, but positively associated with conception rates of grazing beef cows.
Shape coexistence and phase transitions in the platinum isotopes

The matrix coherent-state approach of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing is used to study the geometry of the platinum isotopes. With a parameter set determined in previous studies, it is found that the absolute minimum of the potential for the Pt isotopes evolves from spherical to oblate and finally to prolate shapes when the neutron number decreases from N = 126 (semi-magic) to N = 104 (mid-shell). Shape coexistence is found in the isotopes 182,184,186,188 Pt. A phase diagram is constructed that shows the coexistence region as a function of the number of bosons and the strength of the mixing parameter.
The kinematic preshaping of triggered self-adaptive linkage-driven robotic fingers

Abstract. In this paper, the issue of the kinematic – as opposed to dynamic – preshaping of self-adaptive robotic fingers driven by linkages is discussed. A method to obtain designs of these fingers capable of various behaviours during their closing motions is presented. The method is based on using triggered passive elements in carefully selected joints of the finger and the selection or optimization of geometric parameters to obtain particular kinematic relationships between the motions of the phalanges. This method is very general and can be applied to any self-adaptive robotic finger in order to obtain many different types of closing motions. Examples given in this paper are focusing on two different preshaping motions, the first one aims at allowing pinch grasps while the second mimics a human finger. The fundamental aim of this paper is to show that various preshapings of self-adaptive fingers are possible, not just one, and to give two step-by-step examples. This paper was presented at the IFToMM/ASME International Workshop on Underactuated Grasping (UG2010), 19 August 2010, Montreal, Canada.