Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hard mask etch process development for patterning 60nm magnetic tunnel junction

Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is one of the most promising solution for the non-volatile memory in the post-Moore era. Its core feature is the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which determines the performance of the device. The main constituency materials of the MTJ are metallic elements such as Ta, Fe, Co, Mg, etc. They generally form a multilayer stack which contains many single-layer material in nanometer scale. The challenges for the plasma etching, which is typically done in an ICP etcher in one pass, mainly include accurate transfer of the etching topography and control of non-volatile metal etching by-products. This paper proposes following solutions to address above challenges: 1. Introduce HBr curing to harden the incoming photoresist surface to reduce the mask shape deformation; 2. Use CF4 gas in the plasma strip step to clean the metal oxide polymer.
A Study on Sentiment Analysis for Smart Tourism

Sentiment analysis plays an indispensable role to help understand people’s opinions automatically based on their reviews. Existing research on sentiment analysis mainly focuses on film reviews, e-commerce reviews and other fields. These work cannot be applied to analyze the sentiment of travel reviews directly because the mainstream commodity review dataset is richer and more regular than that of travel review dataset. More specifically, the special characteristic of travel reviews makes existing solutions fail to achieve satisfactory results. To address this issue, we first construct a travel review data set for sentiment analysis. Then, we conduct a systematic study to investigate and compare the factors that may affect the accuracy of sentiment analysis for travel reviews. Based on the study findings, we design a lightweight Glove-BiLSTM-CNN model and BERT-BiLSTM-CNN to analyze the sentiment for travel reviews. Experimental results show that our proposed models outperform the baseline solutions.
SAPPARCHI: an Osmotic Platform to Execute Scalable Applications on Smart City Environments

In the Smart Cities context, a plethora of Middle-ware Platforms had been proposed to support applications execution and data processing. Despite all the progress already made, the vast majority of solutions have not met the requirements of Applications’ Runtime, Development, and Deployment when related to Scalability. Some studies point out that just 1 of 97 (1%) reported platforms reach this all this set of requirements at same time. This small number of platforms may be explained by some reasons: i) Big Data: The huge amount of processed and stored data with various data sources and data types, ii) Multi-domains: many domains involved (Economy, Traffic, Health, Security, Agronomy, etc.), iii) Multiple processing methods like Data Flow, Batch Processing, Services, and Microservices, and 4) High Distributed Degree: The use of multiple IoT and BigData tools combined with execution at various computational levels (Edge, Fog, Cloud) leads applications to present a high level of distribution. Aware of those great challenges, we propose Sapparchi, an integrated architectural model for Smart Cities applications that defines multi-processing levels (Edge, Fog, and Cloud). Also, it presents the Sapparchi middleware platform for developing, deploying, and running applications in the smart city environment with an osmotic multi-processing approach that scales applications from Cloud to Edge. Finally, an experimental evaluation exposes the main advantages of adopting Sapparchi.
A Novel Anti-Ferroelectric Negative Capacitance Tunneling Fet with Mitigated Subthreshold Swing Degradation Issue

In this work, a novel anti-ferroelectric (AFE) negative capacitance tunneling FET (ANC-TFET) is proposed and simulated based on our developed device model. In ANC-TFET, the amplification coefficient (AV) of AFE layer is designed to be increasing when the underlying TFET in series operates in subthreshold region, and thus the subthreshold swing (SS) degradation issue in TFETs can be mitigated. Comparing with conventional TFET, the ANC-TFET shows not only steeper SS due to AV>1 but also larger current range of sub-60mv/dec SS for more than one decade at 0.4V operation voltage, showing its great potential for low power application.
ICroplandNet: An Open Distributed Training Dataset for Irrigated Cropland Detection

Irrigated cropland takes only 16 percent of the world's arable land but contributes to more than 36 percent of the global harvest. Accurate detections of irrigated cropland are important for crop growers and decision makers in precision irrigation farming. ICroplandNet is an irrigated cropland training dataset built up using the Cropland Data Layer data between 1997 and 2021 for the Contiguous United States. To assure the accuracy of irrigated land, we only consider the cropland intersected with those pivotal irrigated areas detected by machine learning algorithms. Geometrical shapes and temporal extent (crop planting and harvest time) are recorded to support the retrieval scene or time series of remotely sensed data or its products. Standard geospatial Web services are used in serving the training dataset as well as retrieving training features in public cloud.
Extremely metal-poor Lyman limit system at $\mathsf{{\vec z}_{abs} = 2.917}$ toward the quasar HE 0940–1050

We report on detailed Monte Carlo inversion analysis of the Lyman limit system observed at z a b s = 2.917 in the VLT/UVES spectrum of the quasar HE 0940-1050. Metal absorption lines of carbon and silicon in three ionization stages and numerous atomic hydrogen lines have been analyzed simultaneously. It is found that in order to match the observations, the shape of the ultraviolet background ionizing spectrum of Haardt & Madau (1996) should be modified: a spectrum with a higher intensity of the emission feature at 3 Ryd is required. It is also found that synthetic galactic spectra (or different mixtures of them with power law spectra) cannot reproduce the observations, indicating that the stellar contribution to the ionizing background is negligible at z ∼ 3. For the first time a very low carbon abundance of [C/H] = -2.93 ′ 0.13 and the abundance ratio [Si/C] = 0.35 ′ 0.15 are directly measured in the Lyman limit system with N(HI) = 3.2 x 10 1 7 cm - 2 . If the absorber at z a b s = 2.917 provides an example of a pristine gas enriched by the nucleosynthetic products of early generations of stars, then the measured value of [Si/C] seems to indicate that the initial mass functions for these stellar populations are constrained to intermediate masses, M u p ≤ 25 M O .
E ﬀ ect of Weld and Surface Defects on the Corrosion Behavior of Nickel Aluminum Bronze in 3.5% NaCl Solution

: To study the e ﬀ ect of weld and defects on the corrosion behavior of nickel aluminum bronze (UNS C95810) in 3.5% NaCl solution, the weight loss, X-ray di ﬀ raction, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical test of the specimen with weld and defects were investigated. The results show that the presence of weld and defects increases the corrosion rate of bronze. Weld does not change the structure of the corrosion product ﬁlm, but defects induce a lack of the protective outermost corrosion product in bronze. Weld makes the corrosion product ﬁlm in the early stage more porous. Defects always produce an increase in the dissolution rate of the bronze.
Mammalian CD1 and MR1 genes The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

All higher vertebrates share the fundamental com-ponents of the adaptive immune system: the B cell receptor, the T cell receptor, and classical MHC proteins. At a more detailed level, their immune systems vary considerably, especially with respect to the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like proteins. In mammals, the CD1 family of lipid-presenting proteins is encoded by clusters of genes of widely divergent sizes and compositions. Another MHC class I-like protein, MR1, is typically encoded by a single gene that is highly conserved among species. Based on mammalian genomes and the available data on cellular expression profiles and protein structure, we review MR1 genes and families of CD1 genes in modern mammals from a genetic and functional per-spective. Understanding the CD1 and MR1 systems across animal species provides insights into the specialized functions of the five types of CD1 proteins and facilitates careful con-sideration of animal models for human diseases in which immune responses to lipids and bacterial metabolites play a role.
Body mass index and height over three generations: evidence from the Lifeways cross-generational

Background: Obesity and its measure of body mass index are strongly determined by parental body size. Debate continues as to whether both parents contribute equally to offspring body mass which is key to understanding the aetiology of the disease. The aim of this study was to use cohort data from three generations of one family to examine the relative maternal and paternal associations with offspring body mass index and how these associations compare with family height to demonstrate evidence of genetic or environmental cross-generational transmission. Methods: 669 of 1082 families were followed up in 2007/8 as part of the Lifeways study, a prospective observational cross-generation linkage cohort. Height and weight were measured in 529 Irish children aged 5 to 7 years and were self-reported by parents and grandparents. All adults provided information on self-rated health, education status, and indicators of income, diet and physical activity. Associations between the weight, height, and body mass index of family members were examined with mixed models and heritability estimates computed using linear regression analysis. Results: Self-rated health was associated with lower BMI for all family members, as was age for children. When these effects were accounted for evidence of familial associations of BMI from one generation to the next was more apparent in the maternal line. Heritability estimates were higher (h 2 = 0.40) for mother-offspring pairs compared to father-offspring pairs (h 2 = 0.22). In the previous generation, estimates were higher between mothers-parents (h 2 = 0.54-0.60) but not between fathers-parents (h 2 = -0.04-0.17). Correlations between mother and offspring across two generations remained significant when modelled with fixed variables of socioeconomic status, health, and lifestyle. A similar analysis of height showed strong familial associations from maternal and paternal lines across each generation. Conclusions: This is the family cohort study to report an enduring association between and offspring BMI over three generations. of three the
Determinants of UITM Johor students’ behavioral intention to use e-learning system

Recently, there are many universities in Malaysia including local and private implemented and developed an e-learning system for various purpose. Along with the era of using technology, many universities take this opportunity to further develop the e-learning system for using by students as well as an educator. Hence, this research aims to investigate the relationship between Perceived ease of use, perceived Usefulness, Attitude, E-learning self-efficacy and behavioral intention to use e-learning . The structural model was developed based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). 223 respondents comprising of UiTM Johor students as a user of e-learning system participated in this survey. Simple random sampling technique was used to measure the Perceived ease of use, perceived Usefulness, Attitude, E-learning self-efficacy and behavioral intention to use e-learning. Pearson correlation was used to measure the relationship between the variables. The results indicate significant relationship between all the independent variable (Perceived ease of use, perceived Usefulness, Attitude, E-learning self-efficacy) with the dependent variable (behavioral intention to use e-learning). Findings from the study would be beneficial to university especially for UiTM and relevant department to keep maintain the system as well as to ensure the system is fully utilized by student and educator as an educational platform
Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement for Numerical Observability Using A Two-Phase Branch-and-Bound Algorithm

Abstract Given an undirected graph representing the network, the optimization problem of finding the minimum number of phasor measurement units to place on the edges such that the graph is fully observed, is studied. The proposal addresses the issue of the optimization using a two-phase branch-and-bound algorithm based on combining both Depth-First Search and Breadth-First Search algorithms to attempt to find guaranteed global solutions for OPP. The problem in question is stated, outlining the underlying mathematical model in use formulated in terms of (pure) mixed-integer-linear-programming (MILP) and the branch-and-bound algorithm adopted to obtain efficient solutions in practice. A topology based on transformations considering pre-existing conventional and zero injection measurements in a power network is implemented. The (zero-one) (MILP) model is applied to IEEE systems. The numerical results indicate that the branch-and-bound ensures solution points at the optimal objective function value from a global-optimization point of view. The synchronized and conventional measurements are included in a (DC) linearized State Estimator (SE). The topological observability analysis is verified numerically based on observability criteria for achieving solvability of state estimation. Large-scale systems is also analyzed to exhibit the applicability of the proposed algorithm to practical power system cases.
Opportunistic Object Binding and Proximity Detection for Multi-modal Localization

—In this paper, opportunistic object binding is proposed to improve multi-modal localization. Object binding and proximity detection will be realized using Bluetooth and Wireless Sensor Networks. Multi-modal localization is created using an opportunistic seamless localization system, fusing Wi-Fi, Blue-tooth, Wireless Sensor Networks, GSM, GPS, RFID and inertial sensors. In this paper object binding is used to locate devices which can not be located without the help of bound objects.
ANALYISIS OF MULTIPLE COMPARISON ERRORS USING GROUND REACTION FORCE DATA

This technical note examined the effect of uncorrected multiple statistical comparisons that are often inappropriately reported in the applied biomechanics literature. Bilateral ground reaction forces (1000 Hz) were collected for a single subject performing twenty vertical jumps to create multiple comparisons of discrete kinetic variables. Nine of twenty comparisons were statistically significant using multiple t tests, while only seven were truly statistically significant when controlling for inflation of type I error. Most of the differences observed were not of practical significance to performance. The data confirmed the danger of inflation of type I errors in biomechanics and not interpreting the results based on meaningful effects or previous literature.
Leadership at Different Levels

The business climate of today demands high flexibility and quick responsiveness from suppliers. It has become essential for organizations to have effective leaders in all hierarchal levels, which understand and are able to work under these conditions. As the market requirements have changed, a new paradigm of leadership has evolved (Bryman, 1992). This paradigm puts more focus on charisma and how to motivate followers, which is the essential part of transformational leadership. According to Burns (1978), transformational leadership is a process between leader and follower rather than exchanges. This leads to the question of what effective leadership is and if it can be measured in some way. One method is the use of the Multifactor leadership questionnaire, the MLQ-test, developed by Bass 1985 from the full range model. The conducted research for this thesis is done at PaperPak Sweden AB, a manufacturer of disposable incontinence products located in Aneby, Småland. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate if any differences and/or similarities in leadership can be found between or within the hierarchical levels. The intent with the report is also to investigate those variances and if they are positive or negative for an organization. A theoretical framework focusing on leadership has been collected, to enable the fulfillment of the thesis purpose. This framework will act as support for the analysis of the quantitative investigation, based on the MLQ-test. From this analysis, the authors have made conclusions and recommendations. The degree of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership has been measured for the three leadership levels top, middle and low management. It could be argued that the top management should show the highest degree of transformational leadership, and low management the least, due to their positions and work tasks. The result of the analysis supported that theory to a large extent. However, lower management showed a significantly higher degree of transformational leadership than middle management. One explanation could be that middle management lives in a more stressful situation, working between top and low management, compared to the other two, which is supported by Grout (1994). Since the theoretical findings mean that leadership can be learnt and developed, the authors suggest that organizations always have to follow up and try to develop their leaders and managers towards higher degrees of transformational leadership. Finally the authors suggest that further studies of the MLQ-test should investigate the possibilities to include measurements of the technical side of leadership, since the test currently does not take those factors into consideration.
The Pennsylvania State University

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning communities and applications have come a long way from being result focused to being more human intuitive, due to the myriad of fields that they are being deployed into and the far fetching consequences that they have. In this thesis, the concept of interpretability in machine learning models is studied. The concepts of local and global interpretability are explored by using the curated IBM HR employee attrition dataset. Classification algorithms Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Tree based classifiers XGBoost and LightGBM have been trained and tested on the data set. Among all the models, XGBoost and Random Forest with cross validation (k=30) yielded the best accuracy of 86% followed by LightGBM with an accuracy of 85.7%. Attribute importance for each of the models XGBoost, LightGBM and Random Forests have been explained using the features of force plot, decision plot and summary plot from the newly developed python library SHAP. It had been found that while the overall trend (either positively or negatively) of the attributes contributing to attrition relatively remained same, the order of importance and their magnitude varied across both different models and different plots. Quantification of the effects of each variable was possible due to our explainable approach, which in turn can lead to result driven actions. Based on specific instance considered, Overtime was found to be a major contributor to attrition. In future, this study can be furthered by taking aggregate data effects into consideration and understanding how the individual effects sum up to give rise to aggregate conclusions.
TREATMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER WITH MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGERY TECHNIQUE

: The purpose of this review is to sum up current information relating the types and use this minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer. This narrative review was performed using electronic medical databases; PubMed, Embase, and Google scholar, searched was targeting relevant studies concerned with Treatment of colorectal cancer with minimal invasive surgery published up to the end of 2018. The main goal of minimally invasive surgery is to lower intraoperative injury. Mini-invasive surgical procedure has actually been shown to be secure and feasible for colon cancer and also caused boosted short-term end results as well as equal oncologic end results when compared to open surgical procedure. Mini-invasive surgery for rectal cancer cells has actually not been definitively identified, however the results of recurring, multicenter, randomized, controlled tests will offer us conclusive responses.
E¡ects of pre-protein overexpression on SecB synthesis in Escherichia coli

Protein translocation through the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli involves cytosolic chaperones. The export-dedicated chaperone SecB mediates targeting of a subset of pre-proteins. In this report, synthesis of SecB in response to plasmid-mediated overexpression of pre-proteins was studied. Overexpression of SecB-dependent pre-proteins stimulated synthesis of SecB under conditions where the cellular export capacity was saturated or uncomplexed SecB was trapped. On the contrary, overexpression of SecB-independent pre- L -lactamase reduced the promoter activity of secB. The results suggest that uncomplexed SecB can be sequestered by synthesis of SecB-dependent pre-proteins. Furthermore, these data demonstrate the distinct action of the SecB- and signal recognition particle-dependent protein targeting pathways. (cid:223) 1999 Federation of
Visualization of the fiber Unigenes among At subgenome, Dt subgenome, and diploid D genomes

Cotton fibers represent the largest single cell in plants and they serve as models to study cell 3 development. This study investigated the distribution and evolution of fiber Unigenes anchored to 4 recombination hotspots between tetraploid cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) At and Dt subgenomes, and 5 within a parental diploid cotton ( G. raimondii ) D genome. Comparative analysis of At vs D and Dt vs 6 D showed that 1) the D genome provides many fiber genes after its merger with another parental 7 diploid cotton ( G. arboreum ) A genome although the D genome itself does not produce any spinnable 8 fiber; 2) similarity of fiber genes is higher between At vs D than between Dt vs D genomic hotspots. 9 This is the first report that fiber genes have higher similarity between At and D than between Dt and D. 10 The finding provides new insights into cotton genomic regions that would facilitate genetic 11 improvement of natural fiber properties.