Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density Functional Theory Calculations and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Forsterite Mg2SiO4(010) Surface

The stability of possible termination structures for the (010) surface of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, is studied using a density functional theory (DFT)-based thermodynamic approach. The DFT calculations are used to estimate the surface Gibbs free energy of various surface structures and compare their stability as a function of the chemical environment. Among nine possible terminations, the SiO-II, M2, and O-II terminations are found to be most stable as conditions range from Mg-poor to Mg-rich. This relative stability order remains the same at elevated temperatures. The surface phase diagram obtained provides ground for further theoretical studies of chemical processes on forsterite surfaces in terrestrial planets.
Oxime Type Photoacid Generators Having Adamantyl and Superstrong Acid Precursor Group

Oxime derivatives, having a N-O bond in the molecule structure, are excellent photo reactive compounds. Oxime type photoacid generaters with adamantyl and perfluoroalkylsulfonyloxy groups and without aromatic groups were prepared, and their absorption spectra and thermal properties were measured. The compounds designed with photoacid generator in deep ultraviolet (DUV) region have good transparency in the region. The thermal stability of these PAGs depended on the chain length of acid precursor groups. The quantum yields of acid generation were substantially high. These aliphatic oxime sulfonates can be expected to be PAGs in DUV.
Fast 3D microwave imaging inside cavity with minimum number of antennas and modified inverse algorithm

This article proposes an optimized method for 3D microwave imaging of various unknown objects inside a perfect electric conductor cavity. The total field scattered field technique uses the finite difference time domain method to obtain scattered fields inside a cavity in the forward scattering problem. However, the conjugate gradient method is optimized and used alongside a combined regularization term in the inverse scattering problem, which is essential for the reconstruction process. A dipole antenna is located as an incident wave from the transmitting antenna. Besides, one antenna acts as the receiver. Identifying the unknown objects with different shapes, sizes, materials, and locations using the minimum number of transmitting and receiving antennas, and the newly developed algorithm with less computation time, are the main advantages of this article. Also, the implemented method can be used in the 3D microwave imaging of multi‐scattering problems.
Optimizing a three-dimensional spheroid clearing method for the imaging-based evaluation of cardiotoxicity

Toxicity evaluation based on two-dimensional cell culture shows differences from clinical results and has the disadvantage of not accurately reflecting cell-to-cell cross-signaling. Since almost all cells in the human body are arranged in a three-dimensional structure and constitute a tissue, the in vitro reproduction of three-dimensional tissues composed of human cells can be used as effective models for drug development and toxicity evaluation. The clearing technique improves image resolution and can be used to generate three-dimensional bio-images throughout the organized structure, improving the efficiency of toxicity evaluation for disease models using spheroids. Herein, we report the first optical spheroid clearing protocol for an image-based toxicity prediction model. In our results, spheroid clearing significantly increased fluorescence intensity and enabled image-based toxicity prediction. We propose that this spheroid clearing method can be utilized for image-based cardiotoxicity evaluation. Furthermore, we also present the possibility that our protocol can be utilized for patient-tailored toxicity prediction.
Development of Functional Thyroid C Cell-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Cells in 2D and in 3D Scaffolds

Medullary thyroid carcinoma contributes to about 3–4% of thyroid cancers and affects C cells rather than follicular cells. Thyroid C cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells has not been reported. We report the stepwise differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thyroid C cell-like cells through definitive endoderm and anterior foregut endoderm and ultimobranchial body-like intermediates in monolayer and 3D Matrigel culture conditions. The protocol involved sequential treatment with interferon/transferrin/selenium/pyruvate, foetal bovine serum, and activin A, then IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1), on the basis of embryonic thyroid developmental sequence. As well as expressing C cell lineage relative to follicular-lineage markers by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and immunolabelling, these cells by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) exhibited functional properties in vitro of calcitonin storage and release of calcitonin on calcium challenge. This method will contribute to developmental studies of the human thyroid gland and facilitate in vitro modelling of medullary thyroid carcinoma and provide a valuable platform for drug screening.
Overall dynamic body acceleration measures activity differently on large versus small aquatic animals

Acceleration‐based proxies for activity and energy expenditure are widely used in bio‐logging studies of animal movement and locomotion to explore biomechanical strategies, energetic costs of behaviour, habitat use and the impact of anthropogenic disturbance. The foremost such proxy is overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) along with variants VeDBA and PDBA. This technique, which involves summing the magnitude of high‐pass‐filtered acceleration signals (the so‐called dynamic acceleration) over a reference interval, has been applied to animals as diverse as shags, lobsters, humans and whales. The relationship between ODBA and energy use has been tested empirically on animals small enough to house in laboratory facilities and arguments have been offered for why the method should be generally applicable; however, validations on larger animals are scant. Here, we examine how body size impacts ODBA and its variants under steady locomotion in large aquatic animals, using cetaceans as model species. To do this, we first develop a simplified mathematical model for the acceleration signals that would be measured by a tag on a swimming animal. We then test this model with empirical data gathered using bio‐logging tags on whale species spanning 1.3 m harbour porpoises to 12‐m sperm whales. We show that the motions measured by ODBA can be fundamentally different in small versus large aquatic animals. Whereas dynamic acceleration in small animals is predominantly due to specific acceleration (i.e. actual accelerative motions generated by muscle action), in larger aquatic animals, body rotations (i.e. cyclical angular displacements associated with swimming) can dominate the measured acceleration. As body rotations do not necessarily increase in magnitude as swimming speed increases, ODBA may underestimate the relative cost of behaviours or responses to disturbance in large aquatic animals. This does not lessen the value of ODBA for small animals, but it raises a caution against uncritical use on larger animals. For large aquatic animals, activity proxies that specifically remove body rotations using gyroscopes or magnetometers may provide more consistent estimates of energy use although these methods are yet to be validated.
Specific heat and thermal history of the Sariçiçek howardite

Meteorites are excavated fragments from asteroid surfaces and planets, and determining their thermophysical properties is important since they contain valuable information about internal structures of their parent bodies. We investigated thermophysical properties of the Sariçiçek meteorite by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), measuring phase transition temperatures, enthalpy changes and specific heat capacities of samples and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), investigating weight change in a sample as a function of temperature or time. DSC results indicate that troilite α/β and β/γ phase transition temperatures of the interior part of the meteorite were at 421.98 ± 0.02 and 581.74 ± 1.71 K, and troilite content of interior and crust parts of the meteorite were 0.28 and 0.02 wt%, respectively. Relict temperatures were calculated as 453 ± 10, 465 ± 17, and 588 ± 55 K; specific heat capacities were measured as 779, 745, and 663 J kg–1 K–1 at 300 K; and predicted as 568, 537, and 480 J kg–1 K–1 at 200 K, for interior, edge, and crust, respectively. TGA results revealed that Sariçiçek's weight loss was 0.98% at 1170 °C, and water content and hydrogen abundance at 200–800 °C were 0.34% and 0.04%, respectively. Obtained results shed light on a thermal history of Sariçiçek’s parent body and provide further knowledge on thermal alteration of 4 Vesta.
Nondestructive Quality Control of HER2 Control Cell Line Sections: The use of Interferometry for Measuring Section Thickness and Implications for HER2 Interpretation on Breast Tissue

The field of companion diagnostics is an expanding area in which industry can make significant contributions to the quality and reliability of prognostic and predictive assays. HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, by virtue of its semi-quantitative nature demands the highest level of reagent quality and consistency. We describe a unique manufacturing practice that is used to guarantee the quality of control cell line slides provided for controlling the staining procedure and ensuring the validity of the reagent performance. An IHC control that could reflect variations in fixation, processing, section thickness, section storage and staining protocols would provide a useful tool for improved standardization. One way to ensure such accuracy and reproducibility of HER2 testing is by using robust internal controls. We intend to present for the first time, details of a unique manufacturing process, that of interferometry, the technique of using the pattern of interference created by the superposition of 2 or more waves to diagnose the properties of the aforementioned waves, that is, “section thickness,” to guarantee the quality and consistency of internal cell line controls that can be used in a HER2 testing assay.
Reliable Control Applications with Wireless Communication Technologies: Application to Robotic Systems

The nature of wireless propagation may reduce the QoS of the applications, such that some packages can be delayed or lost. For this reason, the design of wireless control applications must be faced in a holistic way to avoid degrading the performance of the control algorithms. This paper is aimed at improving the reliability of wireless control applications in the event of communication degradation or temporary loss at the wireless links. Two controller levels are used: sophisticated algorithms providing better performance are executed in a central node, whereas local independent controllers, implemented as back-up controllers, are executed next to the process in case of QoS degradation. This work presents a reliable strategy for switching between central and local controllers avoiding that plants may become uncontrolled. For validation purposes, the presented approach was used to control a planar robot. A Fuzzy Logic control algorithm was implemented as a main controller at a high performance computing platform. A back-up controller was implemented on an edge device. This approach avoids the robot becoming uncontrolled in case of communication failure. Although a planar robot was chosen in this work, the presented approach may be extended to other processes. XBee 900 MHz communication technology was selected for control tasks, leaving the 2.4 GHz band for integration with cloud services. Several experiments are presented to analyze the behavior of the control application under different circumstances. The results proved that our approach allows the use of wireless communications, even in critical control applications.
Hybrid Adaptive Output Feedback Tracking for Stable Systems With Unknown Input Constraints

The problem of global output tracking is addressed for stable minimum phase systems, with constant uncertain parameters and constant disturbances belonging to a known compact set, in the presence of input constraints such as amplitude saturation. The relative degree, the system order, and the sign of the high frequency gain are assumed to be known. A hybrid adaptive output feedback control is designed to achieve global asymptotic output tracking, provided that there exists an input within the input constraints capable of tracking exactly the output reference signal. By virtue of the hybrid control approach, the closed-loop system is linear within each time interval between parameter updating. Moreover, no information on input saturation is required by the controller. In addition to the standard assumptions in adaptive control design when inputs are unconstrained, further requirements on the reference signals, on system stability and on parameter bounds, are needed when inputs are constrained.
TherMa-MiCs: Thermal-Aware Scheduling for Fault-Tolerant Mixed-Criticality Systems

Multicore platforms are becoming the dominant trend in designing Mixed-Criticality Systems, which integrate applications of different levels of criticality into the same platform. The availability of multiple cores on a single chip provides opportunities to employ fault-tolerant techniques, to ensure the reliability of MCSs. However, applying fault-tolerant techniques increases the power consumption on the chip, and thereby, on-chip temperatures might increase beyond safe limits. To prevent thermal emergencies, urgent countermeasures, like DVFS or DPM will be triggered to cool down the chip. Such countermeasures, however, might not only lead to suspending low-criticality tasks, but also might lead to violating timing constraints of high-criticality tasks. Therefore, it is indispensable to consider a temperature constraint within the scheduling process of fault-tolerant MCSs. Therefore, this paper presents, for the first time, a thermal-aware scheduling scheme for fault-tolerant MCSs, named TherMa-MiCs, which satisfies the temperature constraint jointly with the timing constraints of the high-criticality tasks, while attempting to maximize the QoS of low-criticality tasks under the predefined constraints. At the same time, a reliability target is satisfied by employing the well-known N-Modular Redundancy fault-tolerant technique. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme meets the temperature and timing constraints, while at the same time, improving the QoS of low-criticality tasks, with an average of 44%.
Estimating abundance, temporary emigration and the pattern of density dependence in a cyclic snowshoe hare population in Yukon, Canada

Estimates of demographic parameters based on capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods may be biased when some individuals in the population are temporarily unavailable for capture (temporary emigration). We estimated snowshoe hare abundance, apparent survival, and probability of temporary emigration in a population of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben 1777) in the Yukon using Pollock’s robust design CMR model, and population density using spatially-explicit CMR models. Survival rates strongly varied among cyclic phases, seasons, and across five population cycles. We found strong evidence that temporary emigration was Markovian (i.e., non-random), suggesting that it varied among individuals that were temporary emigrant in the previous sampling period and those that were present in the sampled area. The probability of temporary emigration for individuals that were in the study area during the previous sampling occasion (γ´´) varied among cycles. Probability that individuals that were temporarily absent from the sampled area would remain temporary emigrants (γ´) showed strongly seasonal pattern, low in winter and high during summers. Snowshoe hare population density ranged from 0.017 (0.015–0.05) hares/ha to 4.43 (3.90–5.00) hares/ha and large-scale cyclical fluctuation. Autocorrelation functions and autoregressive analyses revealed that our study population exhibited statistically significant cyclic fluctuations, with a periodicity of 9-10 years.
Investigation of timing characteristics of the imbibition height of remolded coal without gas

ABSTRACT Coal seam infusion is an imbibition process of adding water to the coal. Capillary water absorption by coal can promote gas desorption and reduce the gas content in the coal seam. A reasonable infusion time and arrangement distance of the drill hole can reduce the gas content in the coal seam. Therefore, research on the timing characteristics of the imbibition height of remolded coal containing gas is crucial. However, it is necessary to first study the timing characteristics of the imbibition height of remolded coal without gas. With increasing pressing load, the imbibition height exhibits an increasing trend. The distribution of axial water content of remolded coal with height can be described with a Boltzmann function having a shape similar to an inverted S-curve. The fitting degree with considering the effect of gravity factor is better than that without considering the effect of gravity factor. This study presents a theoretical foundation for future investigation of imbibition characteristics of remolded coal containing gas in the laboratory.
Foam Rolling on Uric Acid Levels Profile in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) post 10 Km Long-Distance Running in Healthy Trained Young Men

Long distance running (LDR) is an exercise that has a relatively heavy load which can cause Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels. Xanthine, one derivate of ROS will increase 10 times during aerobic activity which is metabolized to Uric Acid (mg/dL) (UA). Foam rolling (FR) is used for the recovery process. This study aims to determine the effect of long distance running on changes in UA levels and the effect of FR as an active recovery against changes in UA levels. This was a quasi-experiment study using a purposive sampling design, one-group repeated measure design of a sample population of young healthy males (17-25 years). The sample consisted of 10 trained young males in Semarang. The average value of UA before intervention was 4.43 mg/dL Â± 0.51. In 90 minutes, it was 5.90 mg/dL Â± 0.52, in 120 minutes was 5.71 mg/dL Â± 0.72 and at 24 hours after intervention was 6.1 mg/dL Â± 0.57. LDR has been shown to increase UA levels. FR which is done only once has not been able to reduce UA levels. The percentage of occurrence of post-LDR DOMS occurred at 24 hours.
Study on Chlorination of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene

The non-polarity of polypropylene has restricted its use; therefore it needs to be modified. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene(PP-g-MAH) is such a kind of modified polypropylene; however its polarity is still low. In order to improve its polarity, chlorinated maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (Cl-PP-g-MAH) prepared by free radical polymerization was carried out using PP-g-MAH as reaction material, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as solvent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). The effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, flow rate of chlorine and concentrations of PP-g-MAH and BPO initiator on the degree of chlorination were studied. The optimum technological conditions were obtained, and the surface tension, light transmission, particle size and tensile strength of chlorinated maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene were better than those of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. After modification by maleic anhydride and chlorine, PP could meet commercial needs in the fibre composites, adhesives, printing inks, coatings and plastics industries.
Soil enzymes are preferentially associated with larger particles in highly organic Arctic tundra soils

Microbial processes, including extracellular enzyme (exoenzyme) production, are a major driver of decomposition and a current topic of interest in Arctic soils due to the effects of climate warming. While enzyme activity levels are often assessed, we lack information on the specific location of these exoenzymes within the soil matrix. Identifying the locations of different soil enzymes is needed to improve our understanding of microbial and overall ecosystem function. Using soil obtained from Utqiaġvik, Alaska, our objectives in the study are (1) to measure the activity of enzymes in soil pore water, (2) to examine the distribution of activity among soil particle size fractions using filtration, and (3) to cross these particle size fraction analyses with disruption techniques (blending to shred and sonication to further separate clumped/aggregated soil materials) to assess how tightly bound the enzymes are to the particles. The results of the soil pore water assays showed little to no enzyme activity (<0.05 nmol g soil–1 h–1), suggesting that enzymes are not abundant in soil pore water. In the soil cores, we detected activity for most of the hydrolytic enzymes, and there were clear differences among the particle size and disruption treatments. Higher activities in unfiltered and 50-µm filters relative to much finer 2-µm filters suggested that the enzymes were preferentially associated with larger particles in the soil, likely the organic material that makes up the bulk of these Arctic soils. Furthermore, in the sonication + blending treatment with no filter, 5 of 6 hydrolytic enzymes showed higher activity compared to blending only (and much higher than sonication only), further indicating that enzyme–substrate complexes throughout the organic matter component of the soil matrix are the sites of hydrolytic enzyme activity. These results suggest that the enzymes are likely bound to either the producing microbes, which are bound to the substrates, or directly to the larger organic substrates they are decomposing. This close-proximity binding may potentially minimize the transport of decomposition products away from the microbes that produce them.
StackDA: A Stacked Dual Attention Neural Network for Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting

Multivariate time-series forecasting derives key seasonality from past patterns to predict future time-series. Multi-step forecasting is crucial in the industrial sector because a continuous perspective leads to more effective decisions. However, because it depends on previous prediction values, multi-step forecasting is highly unstable. To mitigate this problem, we introduce a novel model, named stacked dual attention neural network (StackDA), based on an encoder-decoder. In dual attention, the initial attention is for the time dependency between the encoder and decoder, and the second attention is for the time dependency in the decoder time steps. We stack dual attention to stabilize the long-term dependency and multi-step forecasting problem. We add an autoregression component to resolve the lack of linear properties because our method is based on a nonlinear neural network model. Unlike the conventional autoregressive model, we propose skip autoregressive to deal with multiple seasonalities. Furthermore, we propose a denoising training method to take advantage of both the teacher forcing and without teacher forcing methods. We adopt multi-head fully connected layers for the variable-specific modeling owing to our multivariate time-series data. We add positional encoding to provide the model with time information to recognize seasonality more accurately. We compare our model performance with that of machine learning and deep learning models to verify our approach. Finally, we conduct various experiments, including an ablation study, a seasonality determination test, and a stack attention test, to demonstrate the performance of StackDA.