Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
programmed cell death , tissue necrosis and severe oxidative stress progression , though ambient and low UV-B levels regulate metabolic pathways and gene expression during plant morphogenesis

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011. 01530.x Influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) as an abiotic stress factor on plant microtubules (MTs) and involvement of nitric oxide (NO) as a secondary messenger mediating plant cell response to environmental stimuli were investigated in this study. Taking into account that endogenous NO content in plant cells has been shown to be increased under a broad range of abiotic stress factors, the effects of UV-B irradiation and also the combined action of UV-B and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) on the MTs organization in different root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana were tested. Subsequently, realization of the MT-mediated processes such as root growth and development was studied under these conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing the chimeric gene gfp-map4 were exposed to the enhanced UV-B with or without SNP or c-PTIO pretreatment. The UV-B irradiation alone led to a dose-dependent root growth inhibition and to morphological alterations of the primary root manifested in their swelling and excessive root hair formation. Moreover, dose-dependent randomization and depolymerization of MTs in both epidermal and cortical cells under the enhanced UV-B were found. However, SNP pretreatment of the UV-B irradiated A. thaliana seedlings recovered the UV-B inhibited root growth as compared to c-PTIO pretreatment. It has been shown that in 24 h after UV-B irradiation the organization of MTs in root epidermal cells of SNP-pretreated A. thaliana seedlings was partially recovered, whereas in c-PTIO-pretreated ones the organization of MTs has not been distinctly improved. Therefore, we suppose that the enhanced NO levels in plant cells can protect MTs organization as well as MT-related processes of root growth and development against disrupting effects of UV-B.
Influence of the method of conservation of lucerne on ruminal degradability. I. Dry matter

SUMMARY - The aim of this experiment was the evaluation of the rumen degradation of the dry matter of lucerne kept as hay or dehydrated. Samples from three alternate cuts and two phenological stages per cut were collected at a cultivated lucerne plot at Bujaraloz (Zaragoza) in 1998. Samples were submitted to a haymaking or dehydration process. The kinetics of degradation of dry matter was determined by the technique of nylon bags using three rams provided with a rumen cannula. The results obtained were adjusted to the curve y = A + B (1 - e -Ct ). The effective degradability (ED) was calculated for a passage rate (k) of 3.7%/h with the equation ED = A + (B × C)/ (C + k). Significant differences were obtained between cuts and phenological stages for the ED. However, no significant differences were obtained between both conservation methods for any parameter of the degradation kinetics and ED of dry matter.
Sea lamprey carcasses exert local and variable food web effects in a nutrient-limited Atlantic coastal stream

Resource flows from adjacent ecosystems are critical in maintaining structure and function of freshwater food webs. Migrating sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) deliver a pulsed marine-derived nutrient subsidy to rivers in spring when the metabolic demand of producers and consumers are increasing. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these nutrient subsidies are not well characterized. We used sea lamprey carcass additions in a small stream to examine changes in nutrients, primary productivity, and nutrient assimilation among consumers. Algal biomass increased 57%–71% immediately adjacent to carcasses; however, broader spatial changes from multiple-site carcass addition may have been influenced by canopy cover. We detected assimilation of nutrients (via δ13C and δ15N) among several macroinvertebrate families including Heptageniidae, Hydropsychidae, and Perlidae. Our research suggests that subsidies may evoke localized patch-scale effects on food webs, and the pathways of assimilation in streams are.
Bipolar Disord 2011 : 13 : 208 – 216 . a 2011 The

The reporting of executive functioning deficits in bipolar disorder (BP) patients and their unaffected relatives compared to controls adds to the accumulating evidence that such deficits are promising candidate endophenotypic markers for bipolar I Schulze KK, Walshe M, Stahl D, Hall MH, Kravariti E, Morris R, Marshall N, McDonald C, Murray RM, Bramon E. Executive functioning in familial bipolar I disorder patients and their unaffected relatives. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 208–216. a 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation a 2011 John Wiley & Sons A ⁄S.
Thermal management of downhole measuring tools using thermoelectric cooling : a numerical and experimental investigation

Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is a common geophysical technology used in oil and gas investigation in deep wells. VSP provides high resolution and dependable results but is subjected to high temperatures and harsh well environments. As these wells become deeper and hotter, the need for effective thermal management in the instrumentation becomes paramount in keeping the electronics of the measuring tool within allowable working temperatures. A highly effective and a novel technique used to cool the circuitry inside equipment is thermoelectric (Peltier) cooling. A Peltier device in a deep well measuring tool works as a heat pump. As the well is a closed environment, the understanding of the thermal behaviour inside is important in designing the tools. Thermal modelling is used for this study, but accurate modelling of the Peltier device is crucial in predicting the thermal behaviour and subsequent thermal management of the tool. Present paper is based on numerical simulations using computation fluid dynamics and experimental analysis of the thermal behaviour inside an industry standard deep well measuring tool. Present modelling results are based on two mathematical models to predict the thermal behaviour of the Peltier device. An advanced second order approximation that has been based on experimental data used to model the Peltier device is capable of producing accurate thermal predictions. Experimental validation of the model is based on measurements and is presented here. Predictions agree closely with the measurements and the model can be used as a computational tool reducing cost and time in measurements.
A Review of Stata 9.0

Stata is one of the world’s most widely used statistical software packages. It has grown from a small statistical and data management package, first appearing in 1984, to a massive statistical and data management environment well known for its speed of calculation and comprehensiveness of capabilities. It finds particularly strong support among biostatisticians, epidemiologists, health outcomes analysts, econometricians, and social scientists. It is also popular among researchers in the physical sciences and is finding growing support in the business community. The international fisheries industry has been using it on a regular basis for at least the last decade. I purchased my first version of Stata, at a special academic price, in 1988. At that time the software required approximately 1 MB of hard disk space, and came with one reference manual. The complete version 9.0, released in February 2005, comes with 15 manuals totaling 6,413 pages. The manuals not only give the user guidelines on how to use the various procedures, functions, and a host of other capabilities, but also provide useful tutorial information about the subject matter. For example, the insert for the logistic and logit commands provide 48 pages of command description including details and examples of all the various options, a basic introduction to the theory of logistic regression, the formulas used in computation, and a list of references. One hundred thirty-eight pages are provided for cluster analysis and its options. I classify Stata as a computing environment because a license to use the software includes much more than software and manuals. It also involves free technical support from Stata staff. Users may access technical support by calling an 800 line, or they may e-mail or fax their questions. Moreover, Stata users initiated a Stata Listserver, called StataList, some ten years ago. About 2,200 users are currently connected to StataList from around the world. Stata users have been extremely willing to help one another over the years. Support staff monitors the StataList and, if necessary, intervene with answers. Users have the option of receiving each post to the list, or of receiving a one-file summary, or Digest, at the end of the day; either way the information is delivered via e-mail. The Digest contains all of the daily posts, which currently range between 20 and 50 postings per day.
The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessing Structural Damage in Randomized Controlled Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis American College of Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials Task Force Imaging Group and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Inflammator

Rheumatologists now have a broad armamentarium of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapies to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In patients receiving DMARDs, there has been demonstrated inhibition of progression of structural damage and improvement in patients’ symptoms, physical function, and health-related quality of life. Treatment expectations, primarily achievement of clinical remission or low disease activity, are no longer considered unrealistic (1). The success of modern therapies has led to changes in clinical trial design, and consequently, the rates of radiographic progression have been reduced. Thus, there is an immediate need for novel methods to differentiate structural progression between treatment arms. In August 2011, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial Investigators Ad Hoc Task Force presented a commen-
Transport properties and functional devices on CVD grown Silicon nanowires

My thesis is devoted to the study of transport properties of Silicon Nanowires obtained by a bottom-up approach. The choice for the material system has been limited to undoped SiNWs because they are considered as the ultimate choice for ultrascaled electronic devices. For these systems, the problem of an effective carrier injection in the semiconductor is particularly important. The mechanism of carrier injection in Gate-All-Around Schottky barrier transistors was studied by temperature dependent measurements. Multiple gates are used to discriminate between different device switching mechanisms occurring either at the source and drain contacts, or at the level of the silicon channel. The gating scheme has proved be effective in suppressing the Schottky barrier enabling carrier injection at low temperature. Moreover, different electronic functionalities like p-n junctions and logic gates can be successfully implemented in such devices without the need of doping. I will describe a novel technique for the fabrication of metal silicide contacts to individual silicon nanowires based on an electrically-controlled Joule annealing process. This has enabled the realization of silicide-silicon-silicide tunnel junctions with silicon channel lengths down to 8nm. The silicidation of silicon nanowires by Nickel and Platinum could be observed in-situ and in real time by performing the experiments of Joule assisted silicidation in the chamber of a Scanning Electron Microscope. Lastly, signatures of resonant tunneling through an isolated Platinum Silicide cluster were detected in a Silicon tunnel junction. Tunneling spectroscopy in a magnetic field revealed the Zeeman splitting of the ground and the excited states.
Services commitments in preferential trade agreements: surveying the empirical landscape

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on services have proliferated since 2000. This chapter briefly presents the expansion of the dataset initially developed in Marchetti and Roy (2008). The data permits to assess the extent to which market access commitments undertaken by WTO Members in PTAs go beyond GATS commitments and offers made in the context of the Doha Development Agenda.
The NRF 2 pathway as potential biomarker for dimethyl fumarate treatment in multiple sclerosis

The NRF2 pathway as potential biomarker for dimethyl fumarate treatment in multiple sclerosis Anna Hammer , Anne Waschbisch, Kristina Kuhbandner, Antonios Bayas, De-Hyung Lee, Alexander Duscha, Aiden Haghikia, Ralf Gold & Ralf A. Linker Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N€ urnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany Department of Neurology, Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg 86156, Germany Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany
Large deviation principle for the empirical degree measure of preferential attachment random graphs

We consider preferential attachment random graphs which may be obtained as follows: It starts with a single node. If a new node appears, it is linked by an edge to one or more existing node(s) with a probability proportional to function of their degree. For a class of linear preferential attachment random graphs we find a large deviation principle (LDP) forthe empirical degree measure. In the course of the prove this LDP we establish an LDP for the empirical degree and pair distribution see Theorem 2.3, of the fitness preferential attachment model of random graphs.
Tourism Intensity in the NUTS III Regions of Slovakia

Although Slovakia is not yet well known on the international tourism market, regional specificity and variability predetermine the Slovak area for the development of tourism, which has become increasingly popular in recent years. The aim of this paper is to assess and visualize the tourism intensity in the NUTS III regions of Slovakia. Therefore, we calculate indicators such as Defert index, tourism intensity rate, Charvat index, index of territorial density of tourism, tourist density rate, and index of land use. Results show that Bratislava Region had the biggest volume of tourism intensity; the second position occupied the Zilina Region; and the Presov Region ranked third. We found out that there has been a positive change in the development of almost all tourism intensity indicators during the period from 2001 to 2016. Based on the values of the calculated indicators, it seems that Slovakia still has the opportunity to develop tourism sector in all regions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OFBUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS ELECTRONIC COMMERCEMARKETPLACES

Business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (EC) marketplaces offer an array of benefits including: cost savings, increased operational efficiency, and improved information. However, achieving these benefits requires a critical mass of buyers and sellers use the marketplace. This dissertation investigates what facilitates B2B EC marketplaces in achieving critical mass and being used. First, we use ethnography and a literature review to develop a two-stage model of factors facilitating: (1) a marketplace achieving critical mass, (2) a marketplace being used, and (3) organizations using the marketplace. We then use ethnography, unstructured interviews, and structured interviews to refine our model. Our investigation includes four B2B EC marketplaces, four organizations participating in each B2B EC marketplace, and one organization that chose not to participate in each marketplace.
The effect of chronic tBHQ treatment on high salt-induced hypertension is reported • Chronic tBHQ supplementation attenuates hypertension and sympathoexcitation • Chronic tBHQ supplementation attenuates PVN oxidative stress and inflammation

Excessive oxidative stress and inflammation in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. It is reported that tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)–inducer, has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effect. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tBHQ in high salt induced hypertension and to identify whether the beneficial effects were induced by inhibiting PVN oxidative stress and inflammation. Male
Methylphenidate modifies the motion of the circadian clock Lamotrigine in mood disorders and cocaine dependence Cortical glutamate in postpartum depression Sex Differences in Midbrain Dopamine D 2-Type Receptor Availability and Association with Nicotine Dependence

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In Vivo Intervention Strategies : What Can They Tell Us ?

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a potent and highly effective chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent that has been marketed for about 50 years. Reports of its teratogenicity emerged just after the Teratology Society was established, and from that time forth CPA has been inextricably linked to the Society’s goal of understanding and preventing birth defects. CPA teratogenesis was previously reviewed (Mirkes, 1985), and since that time the pathways leading to teratogenesis have become more complicated, with many contradictions. By causing DNA strand breaks, crosslinks, and adducts, CPA is highly effective at disrupting the integrity of the genome. This was the focus of CPA teratogenesis research for many years. However, it is now clear that CPA disrupts the embryonic epigenome and the functionality of the proteome, and that these perturbations are related to teratogenesis. CPA also induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in the embryo but there is conflicting data as to whether these changes are embryoprotective or teratogenic. In addition, CPA has made a number of diverse contributions to the field of developmental toxicology. For example, the concept of male-mediated teratogenesis, in the absence of compromised fertility parameters, was established using CPA. Antivivisectionist sentiment has produced a resurgent interest in in vitro developmental toxicity screens, and with it the need to identify proteratogens that typically are false negatives in such systems due to the relative dearth of P-450 activity in early embryonic tissues. The requirement of P-450 for CPA-mediated embryotoxicity has made CPA an excellent tool with which to probe the metabolic competence of adjunct P-450 supplements in these in vitro systems. Recently, it was noted that in utero exposure to CPA disrupts the immunofunction markers at parturition, suggesting CPA may be a future model for developmental immunotoxicology. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:289–299, 2010. r 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Monte Carlo Estimation of Project Volatility for Real Options Analysis

Volatility is a fundamental parameter for option valuation. In particular, real options models require project volatility, which is very hard to estimate accurately because there is usually no historical data for the underlying asset. Several authors have used a method based on Monte Carlo simulation for estimating project volatility. In this paper we analyse the existing procedures for applying the method, concluding that they will lead to an upward bias in the volatility estimate. We propose different procedures that will provide better results, and we also discuss the business consequences of using upwardly biased volatility estimates in real options analysis. * Email: pgodinho@fe.uc. pt. I am grateful to José Soares da Fonseca and João Paulo Costa for helpful comments. A revised version of this paper will appear in the “Journal of Applied Finance”.
ESTIMATION OF FAO PENMAN C FACTOR BY RBF NETWORKS UDC 626 . 85 ( 045 )

An accurate estimation of the c factor is necessary in order to improve the validity of evapotranspiration estimation by the FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) Penman method. The calculation of the c factor using the table interpolation or regression expressions can lead to a considerable error that is directly transferred to the estimated evapotranspiration. This paper reviews the application of RBF (Radial Basis Function) networks to estimate the FAO Penman c factor. The values of the c factors obtained by RBF networks were compared to the appropriate c values produced using regression expressions. It was shown that the RBF networks ensure a better agreement with table c values, thus improving the accuracy of the estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration. At the end of the paper, an example that demonstrates the simplicity of the use of RBF networks and the accuracy of the c factor estimation is presented.
Guidance on dermal absorption

Abstract This guidance on the assessment of dermal absorption has been developed to assist notifiers, users of test facilities and Member State authorities on critical aspects related to the setting of dermal absorption values to be used in risk assessments of active substances in Plant Protection Products (PPPs). It is based on the ‘scientific opinion on the science behind the revision of the guidance document on dermal absorption’ issued in 2011 by the EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR). The guidance refers to the EFSA PPR opinion in many instances. In addition, the first version of this guidance, issued in 2012 by the EFSA PPR Panel, has been revised in 2017 on the basis of new available data on human in vitro dermal absorption for PPPs and wherever clarifications were needed. Basic details of experimental design, available in the respective test guidelines and accompanying guidance for the conduct of studies, have not been addressed but recommendations specific to performing and interpreting dermal absorption studies with PPPs are given. Issues discussed include a brief description of the skin and its properties affecting dermal absorption. To facilitate use of the guidance, flow charts are included. Guidance is also provided, for example, when there are no data on dermal absorption for the product under evaluation. Elements for a tiered approach are presented including use of default values, data on closely related products, in vitro studies with human skin (regarded to provide the best estimate), data from experimental animals (rats) in vitro and in vivo, and the so called ‘triple pack’ approach. Various elements of study design and reporting that reduce experimental variation and aid consistent interpretation are presented. A proposal for reporting data for assessment reports is also provided. The issue of nanoparticles in PPPs is not addressed. Data from volunteer studies have not been discussed since their use is not allowed in EU for risk assessment of PPPs.