Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD MUSHROOMS IN KHARTOUM NORTH, SUDAN

In a study of the diversity of wild mushrooms in Sudan, fifty-six samples were collected from various locations in Sharq Elneel and Shambat areas of Khartoum North. Based on ten morphological characteristics, the samples were assigned to fifteen groups, each representing a distinct species. Eleven groups were identified to species level, while the remaining four could not, and it is suggested that they are Agaricales sensu Lato. The most predominant species was Chlorophylum molybdites (15 samples). The identified species belonged to three orders: Agaricales, Phallales and Polyporales. Agaricales was represented by four families (Psathyrellaceae, Lepiotaceae, Podaxaceae and Amanitaceae), but Phallales and Polyporales were represented by only one family each (Phallaceae and Hymenochaetaceae, respectively), each of which included a single species. The genetic diversity of the samples was studied by the RAPD-PCR technique, using six random 10-nucleotide primers. Three of the primers (OPL3, OPL8 and OPQ1) worked on fifty-two of the fifty-six samples and gave a total of 140 bands. The three primers showed 100% polymorphism among samples, regardless of their groups, while the groups showed polymorphisms ranging from 0% to 100% among their samples with the three primers. A dendrogram was constructed using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The genetic similarities between samples ranged from 10% to 100%. Cluster analysis of the samples revealed distinct groupings. Both morphological characteristics and RAPD were useful in studying mushroom diversity, with some agreement between them. Accordingly, we believe that a hybrid system embodying both approaches can yield a more satisfactory identification of mushroom samples.
The application of facies classification in evaluating the Merensky Reef at Bafokeng Rasimone platinum mine, South Africa

The Bafokeng Rasimone Platinum Mine (BRPM) is part of the BRPM Joint Venture (JV) with the Royal Bafokeng Resources (Pty) Ltd (Bafokeng), on whose land the mine is located. The existance of the Merensky Reef was identified on the Boschkoppie property from as early as 1920 (Wagner3). Several exploration programmes have been run over the years. Due to the geological complexity, on the area covered by the lease, limited mining took place until the late 1990s. In the 1950s Rand Mines undertook limited excavations. Later exploration by Anglo Platinum defined a mineable reserve for the Merensky Reef on the property. Anglo Platinum initiated mining development on 1st January 1998, and BRPM reached full production in July 2003. The initial studies found that the Merensky Reef on Boschkoppie was variable in its nature. It is hence not surprising that the evaluation model developed for BRPM should take cognizance of the geological variability. The BRPM evaluation model has been developed over the last four years, and is a classic example of how important it is to understand the geology of any deposit and the importance of applying that knowledge in the evaluation model. Locality
Effect of Selected Motivational Factors on the Job Satisfaction of Civil Servants within Government Devolved Functions in Nakuru County

Employees' job satisfaction is an old concept in industrial relations and is influenced by a number of factors. Since the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, some of the government functions which used to be under the central government have since been devolved to the county governments. These functions include the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Public works and roads among others. Employees working in these ministries, among others, had their functions devolved to the county governments. The deployment to the counties had adverse effects among employees as exemplified by strikes of the employees of the Ministry of Health. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of selected job motivational factors on civil servants' job satisfaction within government devolved functions in Nakuru County. The target population was 1912 employees working in the devolved functions. The sample size of the study was 320 systematically picked across the devolved functions. The study used a close ended questionnaire as the main data collection tool. Both Pearson's correlation and regression analyses were used to establish whether the selected motivational factors were related to the exiting level of employees' job satisfaction. The study established that procedural justice and interactional justice contributed significantly to employees job satisfaction compared to communication and supervision.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GROUNDWATER AND ITS QUALITY IN CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK, NIGERIA

The chemical composition of groundwater depends greatly upon rocks in contact with groundwater. The percolation of groundwater through subsurface rocks provides close contact with the lithologic environment, and this result in the dissolution of soluble minerals as it transports till it reaches an equilibrium point between dissolved and undissolved minerals. The principal water quality problem result from high salinity,enhanced iron, elevated SO4 2-, high nitrate concentration, excessive Ca2+ and Mg2+ which renders the ground water unsafe for various purposes. This study assesses both chemical and physical constituents of shallow wells in Iresa-Apa with a view to determining its quality and suitability for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Twenty four shallow well (water) samples were analyzed for different parameters based on standard laboratory procedures. The parameters include; temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), power of Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), turbidity, alkalinity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Solids (TS), Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+, Fe2+, Cl-, NO3-, SO4 2- and PO4 3-. The results showed that the abundance of the cation and anion in the area occurred in the order Ca2+> Mg2+> Na+>K+>Fe2+ and Cl->NO3->SO4 2->F->PO43- respectively. The mean values of some parameters exceed the permissible level of World Health Organization standard while some are close to the threshold line. It is affirmed that the shallow water in Iresa-Apa is satisfactory for irrigation use, but unfit for domestic, industrial, and livestock management without treatment.
Information Diffusion in Social Networks

The issue of information diffusion in small-world social networks was first systematically brought to light by Mark Granovetter in his seminal paper “The Strength of Weak Ties” in 1973 and has been an area of active academic studies in the past three decades. This chapter discusses information proliferation mechanisms in massive online social networks (MOSN). In particular, the following aspects of information diffusion processes are addressed: the role and the strategic position of influential spreaders of information; the pathways in the social networks that serve as conduits for communication and information flow; mathematical models describing proliferation processes; short-term and long-term dynamics of information diffusion, and secrecy of information diffusion. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-444-4.ch008
Active and passive remote sensing for monitoring the planetary boundary layer height

La capa limite planetaria (PBL) es la parte de la atmosfera que esta directamente influenciada por la presencia de la superficie de la Tierra, y responde a forzamientos superficiales en una escala de horas o incluso menos. La monitorizacion continua de la altura de la capa limite es de gran importancia para las ciencias atmosfericas y ambientales. Este trabajo presenta monitorizaciones continuas de la altura de PBL usando instrumentos de medida de teledeteccion tanto activa (lidar y ceilometro) como pasiva (radiometro de microondas). Ambas metodologias son validas para la monitorizacion continua de la PBL durante el dia, bajo la mayoria de condiciones meteorologicas. En cambio durante la noche las tecnologias tipo lidar estan limitadas por el solapamiento del instrumento, mientras que la tecnicas utilizadas con radiometro de microondas no siempre son aplicables debido a la falta de condiciones convectivas. El metodo wavelet covariance transform es aplicado a los datos obtenidos mediante lidar y ceilometro, optimizando en cada caso la deteccion de la PBL durante el dia. Por otro lado estos datos se han comparado con estimaciones de la altura de la PBL obtenidas mediante el metodo de la parcela a partir de los perfiles de temperatura obtenidos por un radiometro de microondas pasivo. La validacion de ambos metodos, activos y pasivos, se realiza mediante radiosondeos, siempre que estan disponibles.
Probing mechanical quantum coherence with an ultracold-atom meter

We propose a scheme to probe quantum coherence in the state of a nanocantilever based on its magnetic coupling (mediated by a magnetic tip) with a spinor Bose Einstein condensate (BEC). By mapping the BEC into a rotor, its coupling with the cantilever results in a gyroscopic motion whose properties depend on the state of the cantilever: the dynamics of one of the components of the rotor angular momentum turns out to be strictly related to the presence of quantum coherence in the state of the cantilever. We also suggest a detection scheme relying on Faraday rotation, which produces only a very small back-action on the BEC and is thus suitable for a continuous detection of the cantilever's dynamics.
Evaluation of the recombinant cell-based bioassay as a screening method for PCDD/Fs monitoring in fish tissue

Among 210 congeners only 17 highly toxic, 2,3,7,8-chlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are of toxicological concern. They exhibit high binding affinity to an intracellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), causing harmful effects at exposure levels of thousands of times lower than most environmental toxicants. The Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression bioassay (CALUX) utilizes recombinant cells that were transfected with a luciferase reporter gene, which responds to dioxin-like compounds with the induction of luciferase in a time-, dose-, AhR-dependent and chemical-specific manner. The bioassay evaluation concerning the European Community (EC) requirements for the PCDD/Fs determination for the official control of foodstuffs was performed on salmon tissue. In order to evaluate the bioassay performance characteristics, recovery range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and precision were determined. The results revealed that combining a dichloromethane: hexane extraction, an acid silica plus activated carbon clean-up provides reliable, reproducible (CV = 9-20%) measurements with acceptable recovery (78%) and sensitivity at the required ppt range. Due to the low cost and high throughput characteristics of the CALUX assay, food monitoring for PCDD/Fs may benefit from use of this bioassay as aprescreeningtooltoselectandprioritizesamplesforsubsequent analysisbyhighresolutiongaschromatography/high-resolution
In-Vitro Evaluation of Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary.) in Solanum Accessions Native to Chile, by Inoculation of Detached Leaflets

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the resistance of 10 accessions to P. infestans, by in-vitro inoculation of detached leaflets with a complex isolation of the fungus. Late blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary, is one of the most important diseases of the potato crop, and can destroy complete plantations in a short space of time. Chile is considered as a sub-centre of the origin of cultivated potatoes with many native potato varieties in the country. The different resistance components demonstrated that within the material of Chilean native Solanum, there was a wide range of variation to late blight. The resistant control (R-8906384) and the accessions UCT-34-Cor presented the lowest infection efficiency, small sizes of the lesions and low levels of sporulation classifying them as the most resistant. This suggests low efficiency of the infection and high resistance to penetration in these materials. The more susceptible accessions often presented a good level of resistance for one or few components. It would be of great interest to go into the genetic control of the different resistance components to know if the same level of resistance expressed for a component by different accessions is under the same genetic control or not.
Motivational factors in the food buying behaviour of parents of pre-school age children: a projective technique study

There is growing concern over childhood obesity levels around the world with many overweight children developing into obese adults. Research shows that the food choices of young children are determined largely by parents and that many parents are aware of what constitutes ‘healthy’ food yet continue to purchase ‘unhealthy’ food for their children’s consumption. This study explores this apparent paradox by identifying the motivations of parents of pre-school children in the purchase of both ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food in the context of a supermarket shopping experience. Data was collected from 116 respondents using projective story and photograph techniques and then coded and analysed using the constant comparative method. What this study labels as ‘good parenting’ emerged as the main motivational force leading to the purchase of healthy food. In contrast, this study suggests the purchase of unhealthy “treats” or “bribes” is explained through the concept of ‘expediency’. Both good parenting and expediency have a number of dimensions that are capable of explaining variations in the food decisions of individual respondents in this study. Implications of the study’s findings are discussed in the context of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and an identification of the salient beliefs that may underlie the attitudes and behaviour of some parents. The paper concludes by suggesting that social marketing campaigns targeted at the belief structures of parents may have a far greater impact on the current childhood obesity problem than just nutritional education programs.
Automatic Categorization of Patent Documents for R&D Knowledge Self-organization

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) reports that ninety to ninety-five percent of all R&D refers to existing patent documents. A company can reduce costs and shorten development time by effectively utilizing existing knowledge, as disclosed in the global patent corpus and in the intellectual property news media. As a consequence, patent information plays an important role in the era of knowledge-based economies. However, owing to the dramatic increase in the number of patent documents people have difficulty reading, organizing, and fully utilizing them. There are also unique technical and legal vocabularies in the context of patent documents that prevent adequate understanding of patent claims. The consistent and effective organization of important ontological content from documents, such as patents and intellectual property information, is therefore a significant issue in R&D technical knowledge management. This paper introduces an intelligent ontology-based knowledge categorization approach to overcome labor-intensive methods when the number of documents that require analysis exceeds manual processing capacity. The ontology-based document categorization approach requires the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) and pre-constructed ontology schemas for given domains. The system extracts the features of a document by using a morphological analysis and sentence analysis. These features are subsequently matched with classes and relationships of the domain ontology and are transferred as input into the ANN model. The ANN model is trained and tested for the given documents and the assigned categories that are based on the content ontological analysis. Two cases that cover chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) patent documents and IP news clippings are provided to demonstrate the categorization approach for R&D knowledge self-organization.
Source-usage within doctrinal legal inquiry : Choices, problems, and challenges

This article provides an inventory of the concrete moments of choice, problems and challenges that scholars are confronted with when using legislation, case law and literature commentaries within doctrinal legal inquiry. The inventory is achieved by conducting a systematic literature review and an explorative empirical investigation among legal scholars employed at the Tilburg Law School. This study shows that doctrinal legal inquiry is subjected to more and other moments of choice, problems and challenges surrounding the source-usage process than one might expect. The inventory offers (especially young) legal scholars an understanding of the complexity of doctrinal legal research and a checklist for identifying (possibly) problematic aspects of their own source-usage process.
Increased microsaccade rate in individuals with ADHD traits

Microsaccades are involuntary, small, jerk-like eye-movements with high-velocity that are observed during fixation. Abnormal microsaccade rates and characteristics have been observed in a number of psychiatric and developmental disorders. In this study, we examine microsaccade differences in 43 non-clinical participants with high and low levels of ADHDlike traits, assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale [28]. A simple sustained attention paradigm, which has been previously shown to elicit microsaccades, was employed. A positive correlation was found between ADHD-like traits and microsaccade rates. No other differences in microsaccade properties were observed. The relationship between ADHD traits and microsaccades suggests that oculomotor behaviour could potentially lead to the development of a biomarker for the ADHD.
Coordinating Robotic Tasks and Systems with rFSM Statecharts

Coordination is a system-level concern defining execution and interaction semantics of functional computations. Separating coordination from functional computations is a key principle for building complex, robust and reusable robotic systems. This work introduces a minimal variant of Harel statecharts called rFSM designed to model coordination of robotic tasks and systems with a minimal number of semantic primitives. Firstly, the semantics of the rFSM language are derived by analyzing state-of-the-art discrete event models and implementations and extracting a motivated and semantically well-defined subset that is considered best practice for the domain of robotic coordination. Secondly, a real-time capable reference implementation of rFSM is presented, which has been loosely integrated into the OROCOS/RTT framework. The application of rFSM is illustrated using a detailed description of a dual robot coordination problem. Lastly, several best practices and patterns are presented with the goal of i) supporting development of robust Coordination models, ii) illustrating how limitations of the statechart model can be overcome by extending the execution semantics, and iii) offering guidance in designing pure coordination components that optimize reusability.
Amines in Boreal Forest Air at SMEAR II Station in Finland

Abstract. We measured amines in boreal forest air in Finland both in gas and particle phases with 1 h time resolution using an online ion chromatograph (instrument for Measuring AeRosols and Gases in Ambient Air – MARGA) connected to an electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). The developed MARGA-MS method was able to separate and detect seven different amines: monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA), propylamine (PA), and butylamine (BA). The detection limits of the method for amines were low (0.2–3.1 ng m −3) , the accuracy of IC-MS analysis was 11–37 %, and the precision 10–15 %. The proper measurements in the boreal forest covered about 8 weeks between March and December 2015. The amines were found to be an inhomogeneous group of compounds, showing different seasonal and diurnal variability. Total MMA (MMA(tot)) peaked together with the sum of ammonia and ammonium ions already in March. In March, monthly means for MMA were 2.4 and 6.8 ± 9.1 ng m −3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, and for NH 3 and NH 4 + these were 52 ± 16 and 425 ± 371 ng m −3 , respectively. Monthly medians in March for MMA(tot), NH 3 , and NH 4 + were 2.4, 19 and 90 ng m −3 , respectively. DMA(tot) and TMA(tot) had summer maxima indicating biogenic sources. We observed diurnal variation for DMA(tot) but not for TMA(tot). The highest concentrations of these compounds were measured in July. Then, monthly means for DMA were 3.1 and 8.4 ± 3.1 ng m −3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, and for TMA these were 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 0.5 ng m −3 . Monthly medians in July for DMA were below the detection limit (DL) and 4.9 ng m −3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, and for TMA these were 0.4 and 1.4 ng m −3 . When relative humidity of air was > 90 %, gas-phase DMA correlated well with 1.1–2 nm particle number concentration ( R2=0 .63) suggesting that it participates in atmospheric clustering. EA concentrations were low all the time. Its July means were 0.36 and 0.4 ± 0.4 ng m −3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, but individual concentration data correlated well with monoterpene concentrations in July. Monthly means of PA and BA were below detection limits at all times.
Helminthostachys Zeylanica in Barringtonia Swamp Forest: A Phytoassociation Analysis

For a long period, populations of Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. have mostly been restricted in few geographic ranges due to alternation of their actual / potential habitat conditions. To find out the potential habitat of Helminthostachys zeylanica it is significant to identify their phytoassociates as well as the nature of association. Apart from the habitat and community analysis, present study also highlighted a strong positive correlation in association of Helminthostachys zeylanica with other co-existed plants of the forest. Present study depict some strong possibilities of true positive association between Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash , Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn . and Antidesma acidum Retz. , and also a strong negative correlation in association with Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Pearson correlation coefficient for interspecific covariance support there was a strong positive correlation in the density value for Helminthostachys zeylanica and Barringtonia acutangula . These findings depict the importance of presence of Vetiveria zizanioides, Barringtonia acutangula in the present habitat for establishment and increase of population size of Helminthostachys zeylanica.