Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic results for sensor array processing

The emphasis of this study is on direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of narrowband emitter signals. There are two main signal models that have been used in the sensor array problem, namely, stochastic and deterministic. A discussion is presented of the models, their effect on the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRB), cases where the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator asymptotically achieves this bound, and how the bounds are related. It is shown that the asymptotic variance of the ML method based on the stochastic model is lower than that of the ML method based on the deterministic model. The stochastic ML variance and CRB are based on the assumption of Gaussian emitter signals, which can be an unrealistic assumption when narrowband signals are assumed. The authors show that the ML estimator based on the Gaussian signal model achieves the stochastic CRB asymptotically, regardless of the signal distribution. Numerical evaluations of the theoretical variances for different scenarios are presented to clarify the relationship between the methods and bounds discussed. <<ETX>>
Incidence and Severity of Postdural Puncture Headache following Subarachanoid Block using 25G Quincke and 25G Whitacre Spinal Needles: A Double-blinded, Randomised Control Study

Introduction: Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of dural puncture. Clinical studies have shown that use of small guage needles with pencil point tip is associated with lower incidence and severity of PDPH than with cutting tip needles. Aim: To compare the incidence and severity of PDPH between 25G cutting (Quincke) and 25G non cutting (Whitacre) needles. Materials and Methods: In this randomised controlled study conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical SciencesImphal, Manipur, India from September 2019 to September 2021. A total of 150 patients of both sexes, age <60 years and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II, undergoing lower abdominal or lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were enrolled for this study and divided into two groups with 75 patients in each group. Spinal anaesthesia was performed with 25G Quincke needle in one group and 25G Whitacre needle used in other group to compare the incidence and severity of PDPH (severity was determined by limitation of patient activity and treatment required). Results: Overall 14 patients (9.33%) developed PDPH – 2 in the Whitacre spinal needle (2.6%), and 12 in the Quincke spinal needle (16%), with p-value of 0.009. The incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia was significantly higher with Whitacre spinal needle 12 (16%) than with Quincke needle 4 (5.3%), with p-value of 0.03. Incidence of PDPH was more in female patients 12 (14.8%) compared with male patients 2 (2.9%),with p-value of 0.018. Severity of PDPH ranged from mild (n=10) to moderate (n=2) in Quincke needle group, whereas in Whitacre group patients had only mild form of PDPH (n=2). Conclusion: Incidence and severity of PDPH was significantly lower in 25G Whitacre spinal needle than 25G Quincke needle. Failure rate of spinal anaesthesia was more in Whitacre needle than in Quincke needle.
Comparison of deep learning and regression-based MPPT algorithms in PV systems

: Solar energy systems (SES) and photovoltaic (PV) modules should be operated at the maximum power point (MPP) to achieve the highest eﬀiciency in the energy generation processes. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) applications using conventional methods may not be able to follow the global MPP (GMPP) of the PV system under changing atmospheric conditions and they could oscillate around the local MPP. In this study, a machine learning and deep learning (DL) based long short-term memory (LSTM) model is proposed as an innovative solution for MPPT. Contrary to the traditional MPPT applications using current and voltage sensors, the output resistance of the PV module estimation was made by using environmental parameters (such as temperature and radiation) and artificial intelligence algorithms in this study.The LSTM model was compared with artificial neural networks (ANN) and regression methods regarding mean square error (MSE), root mean square error(RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) parameters. It has been determined that the LSTM model has a better performance and could more successfully follow MPP compared to the other methods. Finally, after the comparison with the ANN method, it is proved that LSTM gives 37%, 21%, and 31% more successful MSE
Structural Dynamics, Phonon Spectra and Thermal Transport in the Silicon Clathrates

The potential of thermoelectric power to reduce energy waste and mitigate climate change has led to renewed interest in “phonon-glass electron-crystal” materials, of which the inorganic clathrates are an archetypal example. In this work we present a detailed first-principles modelling study of the structural dynamics and thermal transport in bulk diamond Si and five framework structures, including the reported Si Clathrate I and II structures and the recently-synthesised oC24 phase, with a view to understanding the relationship between the structure, lattice dynamics, energetic stability and thermal transport. We predict the IR and Raman spectra, including ab initio linewidths, and identify spectral signatures that could be used to confirm the presence of the different phases in material samples. Comparison of the energetics, including the contribution of the phonons to the finite-temperature Helmholtz free energy, shows that the framework structures are metastable, with the energy differences to bulk Si dominated by differences in the lattice energy. Thermal-conductivity calculations within the single-mode relaxation-time approximation show that the framework structures have significantly lower κlatt than bulk Si, which we attribute quantitatively to differences in the phonon group velocities and lifetimes. The lifetimes vary considerably between systems, which can be largely accounted for by differences in the three-phonon interaction strengths. Notably, we predict a very low κlatt for the Clathrate-II structure, in line with previous experiments but contrary to other recent modelling studies, which motivates further exploration of this system.
Millisecond dips in the 2007-09 RXTE/PCA light curve of Sco X-1 and one possible occultation event

Serendipitous stellar occultation search is so far the only way to detect the existence of very small, very dim, remote objects in the Solar system. To date, however, there are only very few reported detections for trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in optical bands. In the X-ray band, with the RXTE/PCA data of Sco X-1 taken from 2007 June to 2009 October, we found one possible X-ray occultation event. We discuss the veracity and properties of this event, and suggest upper limits to the size distribution of TNOs at hectometre size and of main-belt asteroids at decametre size.
SUM CORDIAL LABELING FOR SOME GRAPHS

I n this paper I investigate a new labeling called the Sum Cordial labeling and some Sum Cordial graphs. A binary vertex labeling of a graph G with induced edge labeling f* : E(G) → {0,1} defined by f*(uv) = (f(u) + f(v) ) (mod2) is called a sum cordial labeling if |v f (0) -v f (1)|≤ 1 and |e f (0) -e f (1)|≤ 1.Any graph which satisfies the sum cordial labeling is called a Sum Cordial graph. Here I prove some graphs like path P n , cycle C n , star K 1,n , bistar B n,n and the graphs obtained by joining apex vertices of k copies of double stars to a new vertex are Sum cordial graphs.
Updated Meta-Analysis Assessing Effects of Baduanjin on Cardiopulmonary Functions of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Background Baduanjin is a kind of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, but its effect on the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. Furthermore, the small sample size of a single study and the inconsistent selection of evaluation indicators among different studies all promote the necessity of conducting a meta-analysis. Objective This meta-analysis aims to explore whether Baduanjin can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function in patients with CHD and to assess the extrapolation of the results. Methods Both English and Chinese databases were used for literature retrieval. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. A weighted mean difference and a 95% confidence interval were used to assess the effects of Baduanjin on cardiopulmonary function based on multiple CR indicators. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were used for the heterogeneity test. A funnel plot and an Egger test were used to evaluate publication bias. Results After literature retrieval, a total of 12 literature papers were included in this meta-analysis, but their methodological quality was unsatisfactory. By comparing differences between CHD patients with and without Baduanjin, we found that levels of 6MWT, LVEF, NT-proBNP, VO2, peak VO2, MVV, and VE, AT were significantly improved in the experimental group, but heterogeneity exists among included studies. Results of subgroup analyses were consistent with combined estimates and suggested a significant effect of Baduanjin on LVEF. The Egger test indicated no significant publication bias. Conclusion Baduanjin is beneficial to CR in CHD patients, but multiple region-based high-quality studies are necessary to verify the results.
N6-methyladenosine-related microRNAs risk model trumps the isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status as a predictive biomarker for the prognosis and immunotherapy in lower grade gliomas

Aim: Lower grade gliomas [LGGs; World Health Organization (WHO) grades 2 and 3], owing to the heterogeneity of their clinical behavior, present a therapeutic challenge to neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to explore the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification landscape in the LGGs and to develop an m6A-related microRNA (miRNA) risk model to provide new perspectives for the treatment and prognostic assessment of LGGs. Methods: Messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA expression data of LGGs were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. An m6A-related miRNA risk model was constructed via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Next, Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal-component analysis (PCA), functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltrate analysis, dynamic nomogram, and drug sensitivity prediction were used to evaluate this risk model. Results: Firstly, six m6A-related miRNAs with independent prognostic value were selected based on clinical information and used to construct a risk model. Subsequently, compared with low-risk group, LGGs in the high-risk group had a higher m6A writer and reader scores, but a lower eraser score. Moreover, LGGs in the high-risk group had a significantly worse clinical prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Simultaneously, this risk model outperformed other clinicopathological variables in the prognosis prediction of LGGs. Immune infiltrate analysis revealed that the proportion of M2 macrophages, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and the expression levels of exhausted immune response markers were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Finally, this study constructed an easy-to-use and free dynamic nomogram to help clinicians use this risk model to aid in diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Conclusions: This study developed a m6A-related risk model and uncovered two different m6A modification landscapes in LGGs. Moreover, this risk model may provide guidance and help in clinical prognosis assessment and immunotherapy response prediction for LGGs.
Doppler-free modulation transfer spectroscopy of rubidium 52S1/2–62P1/2 transitions using a frequency-doubled diode laser blue-light source

A frequency-doubled diode laser spectrometer in the blue-wavelength region with a continuous-frequency tuning range of up to ∼7 GHz has been developed, comprising a powerful fundamental light source based on a master/slave laser combination coupled with a KNbO3 crystal for second-harmonic generation in a power-enhancement cavity. It has been employed for the observation of saturated absorption spectra in 52S1/2–62P1/2 hyperfine transitions of atomic rubidium with the aid of a modulation transfer spectroscopic technique, and also the frequency stabilization to one of them has been demonstrated, suggesting the possibility of the establishment of a precision optical frequency marker in the blue range. A relative stability of better than 2.8×10−10 is estimated based on the locked error signal in the preliminary stabilization. With a further study of the frequency instability and uncertainty, in addition to supplementary improvements of apparatus, one may expect a realization of a stabilized laser in the blue-.
Preliminary Report on the Evaluation of an Electron-Positron Collider as a source of Monoenergetic Photons

Abstract Active interrogation methods are being investigated to detect shielded special nuclear material (SNM). These approaches utilize either neutron or photon beams to excite the SNM in concert with either neutron or gamma ray detectors to observe the stimulated emissions. The two primary methodologies with photon beams are photofission and nuclear resonance florescence (NRF). Photofission requires photons energies of 7-10 MeV while NRF requires photon energies around 2 MeV. For both techniques, photons that are not in the appropriate energy band, e.g. the low energy tail of a Bremsstrahlung photon beam, contribute unwanted additional radiation dose to cargo. Typically less than 10% of the photons are in the usable energy band. The additional photon production generates a commensurate amount of additional radiation dose in the source and target areas, impacting shielding requirements and/or dose to operators and equipment and at the expense of a similar increase in power consumption. Hence it is highly desirable to produce narrow energy (“monoenergetic”) photon beams with tunable energy in the range of ~2-20 MeV.
Epistemic Foundations of Game Theory

Foundational work in game theory aims at making explicit the assumptions that underlie the basic concepts of the discipline. Non-cooperative game theory is the study of individual, rational decision making in situations of strategic interaction. This entry presents the epistemic foundations of non-cooperative game theory (this area of research is called epistemic game theory). Epistemic game theory views rational decision making in games as something not essentially different from rational decision making under uncertainty. As in Decision Theory (Peterson, 2009), to choose rationally in a game is to select the “best” action in light of one’s beliefs or information. In a decision problem, the decision maker’s beliefs are about a passive state of nature, the state of which determines the consequences of her actions. In a game, the consequences of one’s decision depend on the choices of the other agents involved in the situation (and possibly the state of nature). Recognizing this—i.e., that one is interacting with other agents who try to choose the best course of action in the light of their own beliefs—brings higher-order information into the picture. The players’ beliefs are no longer about a passive or external environment. They concern the choices and the information of the other players. What one expects of one’s opponents depends on what one thinks the others expect from her, and what the others expect from a given player depends on what they think her expectations about them are. This entry provides an overview of the issues that arise when one takes this broadly decision-theoretic view on rational decision making in games. After some general comments about information in games, we present the formal tools developed in epistemic game theory and epistemic logic that have been used to understand the role of higher-order information in interactive decision making. We then show how these tools can be used to characterize known “solutions” of games in terms of rational decision making in specific informational contexts. Along the way, we highlight a number of philosophical issues that arise in this area.
Fourth and sixth order compact finite difference schemes for partial integro-differential equations

In the present paper a numerical method based on fourth and sixth order finite difference with collocation method is presented for the numerical solution of partial integro-differential equation (PIDE). A composite weighted trapezoidal rule is manipulated to handle the numerical integrations which results in a closed-form difference scheme. The efficiency and accuracy of the scheme is validated by its application to one test problem which have exact solutions. Numerical results show that theses fourth and sixth-order schemes have the expected accuracy. The most advantages of compact finite difference method for PIDE are that it obtains high order of accuracy, while the time complexity to solve the matrix equations after we use compact finite difference method on PIDE is O( N ), and it can solve very general case of PIDE.
A new methodology to assess the remaining service life of motorway pavements at the network level from traffic speed deflectometer measurements

ABSTRACT Road agencies are looking for efficient pavement management tools to maintain adequate service levels and preserve the asset value. The traffic speed deflectometer (TSD) allows to continuously assess the structural condition of the pavement while moving at traffic speeds, thus overcoming the typical drawbacks of traditional non-destructive testing equipment. However, managing the huge amount of data deriving from TSD surveys is challenging, and there is no established method to use those data for identifying the remaining service life (RSL) of the pavement network. This study aimed at developing a new practical and reliable methodology to assess the RSL of motorway pavements at the network level from TSD measurements. The methodology is based on the use of the surface curvature index SCI300 and includes the temperature adjustment, the definition of a representative SCI300 value for each pavement section and the estimation of the residual fatigue resistance (considering bottom-up cracking as the critical distress). The methodology was implemented using the deflection data deriving from a TSD survey carried out on about 400 km of motorway pavement. The obtained RSL predictions can be used to identify the structural ranking of different pavement sections and guide budget forecasting, according to the actual maintenance and rehabilitation priorities.
High Speed Approximate Carry Speculative Adder in Error Tolerance Applications

Approximate adders were proposed as feasible solution in error-tolerant applications to provide a proper trade-off with accuracy over other circuit-based metrics like energy, area, and delay. State of art of approximate adders are shown in this work to improve the operational features significantly. To acquire a most benefits of approximation, in this paper approximation at lower echelons is presented. Two speculative adders are proposed, one with approximate adder cell and other with Parallel prefix Adder cell. Gate level implementation of proposed model are designed and implemented. The cost functions are compared against various FPGA standard architectures. Results of proposed approach indicate an average of 46% improvement in Area Delay Product (ADP) and compared with existing approximate adders.
A Splicing Technique and Structure for Long-Range Absolute-Type Capacitive Displacement Sensors

This study presents a novel capacitive sensor and a new technique for splicing multiple sensor segments to extend measurement ranges. Single segments adopting a Vernier structure were used for absolute measurements with a range of 600 mm. Two independent groups of induction electrodes, with fixed distances between two groups, were included to smooth the transition of signals near the joint and eliminate splicing errors introduced by installation and manufacturing flaws. The passive design of the mover simultaneously reduced limitations caused by increased cable length, achieved using several groups of emission electrodes (EEs) and reception electrodes (REs). The corresponding induction signal provided both displacement measurements and position determinations. A single-segment prototype of the proposed sensor was manufactured using a PCB process, in which each segment achieved an absolute-type measurement accuracy of ±<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A series of experiments were used to validate the proposed technique, applied to two-segment rulers. Results revealed that the measurement precision, peak value of repeatability, and 3-sigma value were ±<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, less than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.6 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.62 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, over a measurement range expanded to 1140 mm after splicing. Thus, absolute-type displacement measurements are viable over the entire range.
Characterization of Crack Tip Mechanical Field of Inhomogeneous Materials in Welded Joints by USDFLD Subroutine

The unevenly distributed mechanical properties of welded joints are one of the important factors, which affect welded joints’ safety seriously. The user-defined field (USDFLD) subroutine in ABAQUS finite element software can introduce variable-dependent material properties. This method can define inhomogeneous materials whose mechanical parameters depend on spatial coordinates and can be used to characterize the uneven mechanical properties of heat-affected zone and fusion zone. By establishing the static crack finite element model of welded joint with continuous change in yield strength, the sudden change in mechanical field in the numerical simulation process of sandwich structure model is eliminated. Compared with the existing numerical simulation methods of local mechanical heterogeneity of welded joints, this method provides a method to realize the structural integrity evaluation of welded joints.
Low-Cost Real-Time PPP GNSS Aided INS for CAV Applications

Many connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) applications benefit from navigation technologies that reliably achieve lane-level accuracy. Global organizations have recently begun to provide real-time common-mode error corrections for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) that enable this level of positioning accuracy using Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Incorporating an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with a GNSS receiver can achieve this positioning performance reliably on moving platforms while providing a full state estimate, with high bandwidth at a high sampling rate. For commercial automotive applications cost is critical; therefore, this article focuses on commercial grade IMU’s and single-frequency GNSS code and Doppler measurements. This article presents and demonstrates a tightly-coupled PPP GNSS aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) using only publicly available real-time data sources. The article discusses the role of the INS in automotive applications and how the quality of the IMU affects the ability to achieve that role. The experimental results demonstrate positioning accuracy that surpasses the Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J2945 specification (horizontal error ≤1.5 m and vertical error ≤ 3 m 68%).