Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the willingness of mental health staff to get vaccinated against COVID‐19

Abstract Rationale and Objective At the beginning of vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), information about the effects of the vaccine was not known and hesitancy was observed among the population. The mental health staff members in our center in Israel had to decide whether to get vaccinated or not. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in demographic characteristics of vaccinated and nonvaccinated mental health care workers (HCWs), and to identify their reasons for or against vaccination. Method Data on characteristics of 357 staff members at a mental health center (MHCS) in Israel and their attitudes regarding COVID‐19 vaccination, those who were nonvaccinated, were collected via anonymous questionnaires, from 1 January to 10 January 2021. The groups were then compared using χ 2, Fisher's exact tests, t test or Mann–Whitney nonparametric test as appropriate. A logistic regression was then performed using the significant variables and odd ratios presented. Results Eighty‐one per cent of the sample received at least the first dose of the vaccine. Results indicated differences in seniority (p < 0.001), profession (p < 0.001), department (p < 0.001), risk groups (p < 0.05), religion (p < 0.001), religiosity (p < 0.001), previous care for COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.05) and level of interaction with patients (p < 0.01), between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated staff. The factor that was found to be most influential regarding vaccination and which convinced those originally against the vaccine to become vaccinated was the level of scientific knowledge about the vaccine. Conclusion Efforts and resources should focus on the dissemination of reliable scientific data about the vaccine, to increase vaccination rates among mental HCWs.
Potential mechanisms of Pyrrosiae Folium in treating prostate cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Abstract Objective The network pharmacology approach and molecular docking were employed to explore the mechanism of Pyrrosiae Folium (PF) against prostate cancer (PCa). Methods The active compounds and their corresponding putative targets of PF were identified by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), the gene names of the targets were obtained from the UniProt database. The collection of genes associated with PCa was obtained from GeneCards and DisGeNET database. We merged the drug targets and disease targets by online software, Draw Venn Diagram. The resulting gene list was imported into R software (v3.6.3) for GO and KEGG function enrichment analysis. The STRING database was utilized for protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape was used to identify core genes. Further, molecular docking analysis of the hub targets was carried out using AutoDock Vina software (v1.5.6). Results A total of six active components were screened by PF, with 167 corresponding putative targets, 1395 related targets for PCa, and 113 targets for drugs and diseases. The ‘drug-component-disease-target’ network was constructed by Cytoscape software and the target genes mainly involved in the complex treating effects associated with response to oxidative stress, cytokine activity, pathways in cancer, PCa pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Core genes in the PPI network were TNF, JUN, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, RELA, CCL2, TP53, IL10, and FOS. The molecular docking results reveal the better binding affinity of six active components to the core targets. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that PF may be have a certain anti-PCa effect by regulating related target genes, affecting pathways in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, and hepatitis B signaling pathway.
Identifying common and distinct subcortical volumetric abnormalities in 3 major psychiatric disorders: a single-site analysis of 640 participants

Background Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been consistently found on a single-diagnosis basis in previous studies. However, whether such volumetric abnormalities are specific to a particular disorder or shared by other disorders remains unclear. Methods We analyzed the structural MRIs of 160 patients with schizophrenia, 160 patients with bipolar disorder, 160 patients with MDD and 160 healthy controls. We calculated the volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, putamen, caudate, pallidum and lateral ventricles using FreeSurfer 7.0 and compared them among the groups using general linear models. Results We found a significant group effect on the volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, accumbens and pallidum. Further post hoc analysis revealed that thalamic volumes in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and MDD were significantly reduced compared to those in healthy controls, but did not differ from one another. Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder also shared a significant reduction in hippocampal volumes. Among the 3 clinical groups, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower hippocampal volumes and higher pallidal volumes than patients with bipolar disorder and MDD. Limitations Differences in psychotropic use and duration of illness among the patient groups may limit the interpretation of our findings. Conclusion Our findings indicate that decreased thalamic volume is a common feature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and MDD. Smaller hippocampal and larger pallidal volumes differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar disorder and MDD and may provide clues to the biological basis for the Kraepelinian distinction between these illnesses.
Efeito de reparametrizacao em inferencia Bayesiana para um modelo de regressao exponencial

In practical work we often find heterogeneous populations where is important to consider a relationship between survival times and other factors, called covariates. This situation can be treated using regression models, where the dependency of survival mean time with the covariate is explicitily identified. In this article we consider the exponential regression model for life time data with one covariate x, as proposed by Feigl & Zelen (1965). The Guerreiro & Johnson (1982) reparametrization is used in order to improve the normal approximation to the posterior marginal density for the survival function in a give time 0 t , considering informative and noninformative prior densities. The posterior marginal densities are determined via Laplace approximation (Tierney & Kadane, 1986).
Hypoxia and local tumour control in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus – a hypothesis-generating study

Radiotherapy (RT), often combined with chemotherapy (CRT), is the primary treatment strategy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) [1]. The treatment has been optimised through a series of phase II and III studies [2–10] and is an effective and organ-preserving treatment strategy with around 80% of patients obtaining long-term tumour control [11,12]. The molecular biological features causing some SCCA tumours to be resistant to CRT are unknown. This is a central area for an investigation to ensure the best outcome for all SCCA patients. Hypoxia is a well-described biological feature that can influence radiosensitivity [13]. Only limited attention has been paid to hypoxia in SCCA [14], and no studies have yet investigated hypoxia in relation to treatment outcomes in SCCA. A 15-gene hypoxia classifier has been developed for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) [15]. The classifier categorises the tumours into a group of less hypoxic tumours and a group of more hypoxic tumours. The classifier was tested for its predictive value to identify patients who could benefit from treatment with the hypoxic radiosensitiser Nimorazole to increase loco-regional tumour control [16]. Later, the classifier has been proved to have a prognostic value for the risk of loco-regional recurrence in both HNSCC [15], uterine cervical SCC [17] and SCC of the oesophagus [18]. In a hypothesis-generating study, we investigated the expression of the 15 genes in the hypoxia classifier to examine if the gene expression was similar in SCCA as in the previously investigated SCC tumours. Furthermore, we compared the hypoxia classification to local tumour control in the SCCA cohort.
Traumatic disclosures in the life stories of older Vietnam era veterans

Eliciting life stories is an important component of person‐centered care that may aid in understanding how an individual's unique background and narrative impacts their health. Such life stories, especially when gathered from older military Veterans, may include traumatic events, raising the urgency that clinicians be prepared to provide care that is trauma‐informed and ensure Veteran's experiences are acknowledged and treated effectively.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic delay in pulmonary embolism

Abstract Background Diagnostic delay in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is typical, yet the proportion of patients with PE that experienced delay and for how many days is less well described, nor are determinants for such delay. Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence and extent of delay in diagnosing PE. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles reporting delays in diagnosing PE. The primary outcome was mean delay (in days) or a percentage of patients with diagnostic delay (defined as PE diagnosis more than seven days after symptom onset). The secondary outcome was determinants of delay. Random-effect meta-analyses were applied to calculate a pooled estimate for mean delay and to explore heterogeneity in subgroups. Results The literature search yielded 10,933 studies, of which 24 were included in the final analysis. The pooled estimate of the mean diagnostic delay based on 12 studies was 6.3 days (95% prediction interval 2.5 to 15.8). The percentage of patients having more than seven days of delay varied between 18% and 38%. All studies assessing the determinants of coughing (n = 3), chronic lung disease (n = 6) and heart failure (n = 8) found a positive association with diagnostic delay. Similarly, all studies assessing recent surgery (n = 7) and hypotension (n = 6), as well as most studies assessing chest pain (n = 8), found a negative association with diagnostic delay of PE. Conclusion Patients may have symptoms for almost one week before PE is diagnosed and in about a quarter of patients, the diagnostic delay is even longer.
A Simulation of a Large Positive CO 2 Anomaly over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

A 3-dimensional dynamical regional atmospheric model was used to investigate the quantitative relationship between the physical processes of long range CO 2 transport from the emission region in Eurasia, and the magnitude and duration of a CO 2 anomaly measurement over the Canadian Arctic. We chose to simulate a positive CO 2 anomaly episode of about 5 ppm observed at Alert, located at the northern tip of Ellesmere Island, during early December of 1990. The simulation allowed us to examine the evolution of the spatial distribution of the CO 2 anomaly field as it was being transported from the emission region in northern Europe to Siberia, and then across the Arctic Ocean to the Canadian Arctic. The anthropogenic CO 2 took more than a week to reach eastern Siberia, and stayed there until a synoptic situation evolved to finally advect it across the pole to the Canadian side. With the industrial emission from the northern Eurasia as the only CO 2 source, the model was able to simulate an intrusion of CO 2 anomaly field into the Canadian Arctic of little less than 2 ppm. With the inclusion of land biospheric CO2 sources, the model was able to account for much of the remaining 3 ppm. The positive CO 2 anomaly observed at Alert on December 1 represents a classical case of a low-level transport of CO 2 from Eurasia, via northern Siberia, to the Canadian Arctic during a winter season characterized by a very strong inversion in the lower troposphere.
SOCS5 contributes to temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by regulating Bcl-2-mediated autophagy

ABSTRACT Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary chemotherapeutic drug for treating glioblastoma (GBM); however, the final clinical outcome is considerably limited by the poor response and resistance to TMZ. Although autophagy is thought to be associated with chemotherapy resistance and cancer cell survival, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family is widely distributed in vivo and exerts a range of effects on tumors; however, the expression pattern and role of SOCS in GBM remains unknown. In this study, we determined that high SOCS5 expression level was associated with poor prognosis and TMZ resistance in GBM. TMZ induced an increase in SOCS5 expression level and upregulated autophagy during the acquisition of drug resistance. The observed increase in the extent of autophagy was mediated by SOCS5. Mechanistically, SOCS5 enhances the transcription of Bcl-2. Knockdown of SOCS5 inhibited TMZ chemoresistance in GBM cells through the inhibition of Bcl-2 recruited autophagy; upregulation of Bcl-2 blocked this effect. In summary, our findings revealed the involvement and underlying mechanism of SOCS5 in TMZ resistance. SOCS5 plays a critical role in GBM chemoresistance and may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for chemotherapeutically treating drug-resistant GBM. Graphical abstract
A single amino acid residue in bank vole prion protein drives permissiveness to Nor98/atypical scrapie and the emergence of multiple strain variants

Prions are infectious agents that replicate through the autocatalytic misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into infectious aggregates (PrPSc) causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. Prions exist as strains, which are encoded by conformational variants of PrPSc. The transmissibility of prions depends on the PrPC sequence of the recipient host and on the incoming prion strain, so that some animal prion strains are more contagious than others or are transmissible to new species, including humans. Nor98/atypical scrapie (AS) is a prion disease of sheep and goats reported in several countries worldwide. At variance with classical scrapie (CS), AS is considered poorly contagious and is supposed to be spontaneous in origin. The zoonotic potential of AS, its strain variability and the relationships with the more contagious CS strains remain largely unknown. We characterized AS isolates from sheep and goats by transmission in ovinised transgenic mice (tg338) and in two genetic lines of bank voles, carrying either methionine (BvM) or isoleucine (BvI) at PrP residue 109. All AS isolates induced the same pathological phenotype in tg338 mice, thus proving that they encoded the same strain, irrespective of their geographical origin or source species. In bank voles, we found that the M109I polymorphism dictates the susceptibility to AS. BvI were susceptible and faithfully reproduced the AS strain, while the transmission in BvM was highly inefficient and was characterized by a conformational change towards a CS-like prion strain. Sub-passaging experiments revealed that the main strain component of AS is accompanied by minor CS-like strain components, which can be positively selected during replication in both AS-resistant or AS-susceptible animals. These findings add new clues for a better comprehension of strain selection dynamics in prion infections and have wider implications for understanding the origin of contagious prion strains, such as CS.
Using deep-learning in fetal ultrasound analysis for diagnosis of cystic hygroma in the first trimester

Objective To develop and internally validate a deep-learning algorithm from fetal ultrasound images for the diagnosis of cystic hygromas in the first trimester. Methods All first trimester ultrasound scans with a diagnosis of a cystic hygroma between 11 and 14 weeks gestation at our tertiary care centre in Ontario, Canada were studied. Ultrasound scans with normal nuchal translucency were used as controls. The dataset was partitioned with 75% of images used for model training and 25% used for model validation. Images were analyzed using a DenseNet model and the accuracy of the trained model to correctly identify cases of cystic hygroma was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Gradient class activation heat maps (Grad-CAM) were generated to assess model interpretability. Results The dataset included 289 sagittal fetal ultrasound images;129 cystic hygroma cases and 160 normal NT controls. Overall model accuracy was 93% (95% CI: 88–98%), sensitivity 92% (95% CI: 79–100%), specificity 94% (95% CI: 91–96%), and the area under the ROC curve 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89–1.0). Grad-CAM heat maps demonstrated that the model predictions were driven primarily by the fetal posterior cervical area. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that deep-learning algorithms can achieve high accuracy in diagnostic interpretation of cystic hygroma in the first trimester, validated against expert clinical assessment.
Intensive care unit dignified care: Development and validation of a questionnaire

Background Patient dignity is sometimes neglected in intensive care unit (ICU) settings, which may potentially cause psychological harm to critically ill patients. However, no instrument has been specifically developed to evaluate the behaviors of dignified care among critical care nurses. Aim This study aimed to develop and evaluate ICU Dignified Care Questionnaire (IDCQ) for measurement of self-assessed dignity-conserving behaviors of critical care nurses during care. Methods The instrument was developed in 3 phases. Phase 1: item generation; phase 2: a two-round Delphi survey and a readability pilot study; phase 3: cross-sectional survey with model estimation. The questionnaire was evaluated by item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, assessment of internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. The investigation was conducted using a convenience sample of 392 critical care nurses from 6 cities in Zhejiang Province, China, of which 30 participated in the test-retest reliability survey 2 weeks later. Ethical considerations The study was approved by ethics committee. All participants provided written informed consent before the survey. The questionnaire survey was anonymous. Results The results showed acceptable reliability and validity of the IDCQ. The 17-item final version questionnaire was divided into 2 dimensions: absolute dignity and relative dignity. These two factors accounted for 62.804% of the total variance, and model fitting results were acceptable. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94, and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.88 after 2 weeks. Conclusions This study developed a brief and reliable instrument (IDCQ) to assess dignified care in ICU nursing. It can help critical care nurses identify their behaviors in maintaining patient dignity and discover their deficiencies. It may also serve as a clinical nursing management tool to help reduce patient disrespect experience in ICU.
Nanoarchitectonics of graphene based sensors for food safety monitoring

Abstract Since the desire for the real-time food quality monitoring, plenty of research effort has been made to develop novel tools and to offer extremely efficient detection of food contaminants. Unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties make graphene an important material in the field of sensor research. The material can be manufactured into flakes, sheets, films and with its oxidized derivatives could be almost used for a limitless set of application. Herein, current graphene-based sensors for food quality monitoring, novel designs, sensing mechanisms and elements of sensor systems and potential challenges will be outlined and discussed.
Mental disorders into adulthood among adolescents placed in residential care: A prospective 10-year follow-up study

Abstract Background Child welfare and juvenile justice placed youths show high levels of psychosocial burden and high rates of mental disorders. It remains unclear how mental disorders develop into adulthood in these populations. The aim was to present the rates of mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood in child welfare and juvenile justice samples and to examine their mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood. Methods Seventy adolescents in shared residential care, placed by child welfare (n = 52, mean age = 15 years) or juvenile justice (n = 18, mean age = 17 years) authorities, were followed up into adulthood (child welfare: mean age = 25 years; juvenile justice: mean age = 27 years). Mental disorders were assessed based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses at baseline and at follow-up. Epidemiological information on mental disorders was presented for each group. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling for the relationship of mental disorders were performed. Results In the total sample, prevalence rates of 73% and 86% for any mental disorder were found in adolescence (child welfare: 70%; juvenile justice: 83%) and adulthood (child welfare: 83%; juvenile justice: 94%) respectively. General psychopathology was found to be stable from adolescence into adulthood in both samples. Conclusions Our findings showed high prevalence rates and a high stability of general psychopathology into adulthood among child welfare and juvenile justice adolescents in Swiss residential care. Therefore, continuity of mental health care and well-prepared transitions into adulthood for such individuals is highly warranted.
Neutralizing Antibodies against Lassa Virus Lineage I

No vaccine or therapeutics are approved to prevent LASV infection or treat LF. All vaccine platforms currently under development present only the LIV GP sequence. ABSTRACT Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of the deadly Lassa fever (LF). Seven distinct LASV lineages circulate through western Africa, among which lineage I (LI), the first to be identified, is particularly resistant to antibody neutralization. Lineage I LASV evades neutralization by half of known antibodies in the GPC-A antibody competition group and all but one of the antibodies in the GPC-B competition group. Here, we solve two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of LI GP in complex with a GPC-A and a GPC-B antibody. We used complementary structural and biochemical techniques to identify single-amino-acid substitutions in LI that are responsible for immune evasion by each antibody group. Further, we show that LI infection is more dependent on the endosomal receptor lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) for viral entry relative to LIV. In the absence of LAMP1, LI requires a more acidic fusion pH to initiate membrane fusion with the host cell relative to LIV. IMPORTANCE No vaccine or therapeutics are approved to prevent LASV infection or treat LF. All vaccine platforms currently under development present only the LIV GP sequence. However, our data suggest that the high genetic diversity of LASV may be problematic for designing both a broadly reactive immunogen and therapeutic. Here, we examine antibodies that are highly potent against LIV yet are ineffective against LI. By pinpointing LI mutations responsible for this decrease in antibody efficacy, we suggest that future vaccine platforms may need to incorporate specific LI-like mutations in order to generate a broadly neutralizing antibody response against all LASV lineages.