Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Kinase Inhibition and Suppression of RNA Silencing by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins

ABSTRACT Most plant viruses are initiators and targets of RNA silencing and encode proteins that suppress this adaptive host defense. The DNA-containing geminiviruses are no exception, and the AL2 protein (also known as AC2, C2, and transcriptional activator protein) encoded by members of the genus Begomovirus has been shown to act as a silencing suppressor. Here, a three-component, Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay is used to further examine the silencing suppression activity of AL2 from Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV, a begomovirus) and to determine if the related L2 protein of Beet curly top virus (BCTV, genus Curtovirus) also has suppression activity. We show that TGMV AL2, AL21-100 (lacking the transcriptional activation domain), and BCTV L2 can all suppress RNA silencing directed against a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene when silencing is induced by a construct expressing an inverted repeat GFP RNA (dsGFP). We previously found that these viral proteins interact with and inactivate adenosine kinase (ADK), a cellular enzyme important for adenosine salvage and methyl cycle maintenance. Using the GFP-dsGFP system, we demonstrate here that codelivery of a construct expressing an inverted repeat ADK RNA (dsADK), or addition of an ADK inhibitor (the adenosine analogue A-134974), suppresses GFP-directed silencing in a manner similar to the geminivirus proteins. In addition, AL2/L2 suppression phenotypes and nucleic acid binding properties are shown to be different from those of the RNA virus suppressors HC-Pro and p19. These findings provide strong evidence that ADK activity is required to support RNA silencing, and indicate that the geminivirus proteins suppress silencing by a novel mechanism that involves ADK inhibition. Further, since AL21-100 is as effective a suppressor as the full-length AL2 protein, activation and silencing suppression appear to be independent activities.
Origin and development of the method of moments for field computation

A short history is given of the development of mathematical methods related to the method of moments and used for electromagnetic field computations. A brief description of the general theory is given, emphasizing various viewpoints which lead to different names given to the method. Its relationships to the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method and to the perturbation method are shown and discussed. <<ETX>>
Radiation Loss at Transitions in Dielectric Waveguides

The radiation loss of a grating-outcoupled surface-emitting laser at transitions is analyzed. We simulate the forward and backward radiated power at interfaces of a ridge, a transition and a grating region. A total of 11.32% (0.52 dB) of the power is radiated at transitions.
Offset Cross-Slot-Coupled Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Circular Polarization

A cross-slot-coupled cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is studied theoretically and experimentally. In previous papers, a cross-slot of unequal slot lengths was centered under the dielectric resonator (DR), resulting in circular polarized operation of the antenna. In the present study, the design is enhanced by setting the centers of the two slots at different positions and taking into consideration the partial independence of the slot modes from the DRA mode. Thus, circular polarization (CP) bandwidth of up to 4.7% is attained experimentally in the broadside direction. It is also shown that a largely asymmetrical structure results in a very high bandwidth, but with the tradeoff of distorted CP operation off-broadside
Research on High School Students’ English Learning Anxiety

In order to explore high school students’ English learning anxiety in Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classrooms, this study surveyed and analyzed 105 students from a high school in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China. The results indicated that students indeed had comparatively high anxiety in English learning. Males have higher anxiety of English classes than females. And it was also found that high anxiety plays a somewhat debilitative role in high school students’ language learning, some suggestions for reducing students’ anxiety in classrooms were proposed for teachers.
Long‐term Significance (15 years) of Pathological Complete Response after Dose‐dense Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

To the Editor: Chollet et al. have demonstrated that in using the dose-dense neoadjuvant regimen TNCF (THP-doxorubicin, vinorelbine, cyclophamide, and fluorouracile), pCR (pathological complete response) rate could up to 30% (1). PCR definition varied in the literature, and this variation makes the comparison between literatures very difficult. In general, pCR rate varies between 9% and 26% (2). This figure has never been widely surpassed with general treatments. Only nowadays, they are surpassed in some defined subsets (Her2, Triple Negative [TN] tumors) (3). Due to this high pCR rate, we think that it would be interesting to study the late survival outcome with a follow-up of 15 years and to discuss the validation of pCR as a surrogate end point for patient’s survival. Sixty-one breast cancer patients (Centre Jean Perrin, France) have been analyzed. Patient and tumor characteristics were shown in Table 1. The survival rate at 5 years is usually reported in the literature with neoadjuvant treatments. However, it is known with breast cancer that 5 years results are not sufficient to establish long-term survival due to late relapses, mainly in hormonal dependant tumors. In our current study, the first interest point was a long follow-up time for patient’s survival. The median was 14 years. Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) rates at 10 years were 54% and 71%; at 15 years, were 46% and 69%, respectively. The main interest is the fact that pCR at surgery was still found to be an individual prognostic factor with long-term implication. Univariate and multivariate (COX model (4)) analysis (Table 2) shows that pCR in breast and the number of nodes involved can significantly predict DFS with a follow-up of 15 years. Moreover, these two factors were significantly related. We observed that patients who achieved pCR in breast have the best survival, and if pCR was failed, the number of involved nodes could predict DFS and OS (Fig. 1a, 1b). Rastogi et al. demonstrated that pCR in breast improved DFS and OS (5). On the contrary, some authors reported that pCR in nodes was a stronger prognostic predictor than pCR in breast (6,7). In addition, several investigators demonstrated that pCR both in breast and nodes can predict patient’s survival (8–10). According to these results, there are discrepancies about the role of pCR in nodes.
Nickel oxide nanowires: vapor liquid solid synthesis and integration into a gas sensing device

In the field of advanced sensor technology, metal oxide nanostructures are promising materials due to their high charge carrier mobility, easy fabrication and excellent stability. Among all the metal oxide semiconductors, nickel oxide (NiO) is a p-type semiconductor with a wide band gap and excellent optical, electrical and magnetic properties, which has not been much investigated. Herein, we report the growth of NiO nanowires by using the vapor liquid solid (VLS) technique for gas sensing applications. Platinum, palladium and gold have been used as a catalyst for the growth of NiO nanowires. The surface morphology of the nanowires was investigated through scanning electron microscopy to find out which catalyst and growth conditions are best for the growth of nanowires. GI-XRD and Raman spectroscopies were used to confirm the crystalline structure of the material. Different batches of sensors have been prepared, and their sensing performances towards different gas species such as carbon monoxide, ethanol, acetone and hydrogen have been explored. NiO nanowire sensors show interesting and promising performances towards hydrogen.
Empathy, but not Mimicry Restriction, Influences the Recognition of Change in Emotional Facial Expressions

The current study addressed the hypothesis that empathy and the restriction of facial muscles of observers can influence recognition of emotional facial expressions. A sample of 74 participants recognized the subjective onset of emotional facial expressions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and neutral) in a series of morphed face photographs showing a gradual change (frame by frame) from one expression to another. The high-empathy (as measured by the Empathy Quotient) participants recognized emotional facial expressions at earlier photographs from the series than did low-empathy ones, but there was no difference in the exploration time. Restriction of facial muscles of observers (with plasters and a stick in mouth) did not influence the responses. We discuss these findings in the context of the embodied simulation theory and previous data on empathy.
Old and simple tools may do better--sometimes.

Currently, a positive family history is the clinicians guide to the genetic background of most pertinent cardiovascular diseases. With the human genome project being in good progress it is foreseeable that more precise instruments will assist individual risk prediction in the near future. Indeed, knowledge of the human master code will sharpen the view on genes enormously and, thus, facilitate identification of variants that are responsible for inherited disorders. Unfortunately, with respect to the cardiologist’s needs, the diseases to be unravelled are complex in many ways. First, common cases of diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension or left ventricular hypertrophy are unlikely to be the product of single gene mutations. Rather, the interactions of multiple genes, environmental factors, and the play of chance (the interactome, Fig. 1) determine the individual risk profile. With respect to end-organ damage, further unknown variables enter the equation. Cracking this equation is a deep problem for geneticists or biostaticians alike. Being a clinician, one might say that careful exploration of family history is fine for the moment to estimate the genetic risk component. Indeed, the predictive value of a positive family history for myocardial infarction or stroke is better than that of any specific genetic variant, even now in the early post human genome era. Nevertheless,
Effect of ageing on the electrical and mechanical properties of human soleus motor units activated by the H reflex and M wave

This study was designed to investigate the effect of ageing on the mechanical and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of the soleus motor units (MUs) activated by the maximal Hoffmann reflex (Hmax) and by the direct muscle compound action potential (Mmax). Eleven young (mean age 25 ± 4 years) and ten elderly (mean age 73 ± 5 years) males took part in this investigation. The senior group presented lower amplitudes of Mmax (−57 %, P < 0.001) and Hmax (−68 %, P < 0.001) waves compared to the younger population. These were associated with a depression of relative twitch torque of the plantar flexors. The average values of the Hmax/Mmax ratio did not statistically differ between the two populations, despite a tendency for lower values (∼23 %) in the senior group. However, the older adults showed a greater relative amplitude of the sub‐maximal M wave evoked at Hmax (MatHmax) than did the younger males (young 5 % vs. elderly 29 % of the Mmax, P < 0.01). This finding suggests an increased homogeneity between the excitability threshold of sensory and motor axons. The twitch torque at Hmax (PtH–M) was subsequently calculated by subtraction from the total twitch torque of the mechanical contamination associated with MatHmax. The resulting PtH–M was significantly lower in the elderly (−59 %, P < 0.001). Despite a discrepancy of 20 % between the two groups, the mechanical ratio (PtH–M/PtM; PtM, twitch tension related to the Mmax compound action potential), like the EMG ratio, did not statistically differ between the young and older individuals. Nevertheless, the senior subjects exhibited a higher twitch/EMG ratio for the reflexively activated MUs (PtH–M/Hmax) than the younger individuals (+40 %, P < 0.05). This finding suggests an on‐going neuromuscular remodelling, resulting in an increased innervation ratio. The neural rearrangement may be viewed as a compensatory adaptation of the motor system to preserve the mechanical efficiency of the surviving MUs, despite the age‐related impairment of the segmental reflex system. This phenomenon is confirmed by the maintenance, with senescence, of the approximately constant values of the twitch/EMG ratio for the entire motor pool (PtM/Mmax).
IN SARCOMA S 100 A 6 Expression and Function in Human Osteosarcoma

There is a critical need to identify markers that can accurately identify existing or predict future metastatic disease in patients with osteosarcoma since the majority of patients present with undetectable micrometastatic disease. We previously reported S100A6 is overexpressed in human osteosarcoma and increased expression of S100A6 by immunohistochemistry correlated with decreased clinical metastasis. We have established 11 primary cultures from biopsies of patients with osteosarcoma and ten of the 11 primary cultures have increased expression of S100A6 relative to normal human osteoblasts. To further explore possible mechanisms for metastasis suppression previously reported, we used in this report siRNA-mediated knockdown of S100A6 in four commonly used human osteosarcoma lines, then examined their cell adhesion, migration, and invasion properties. Knockdown of S100A6 expression inhibited cell adhesion and promoted cell migration and invasion in these lines. Conversely, S100A6 overexpression enhanced cell adhesion and inhibited cell invasion. Our data demonstrate S100A6 is commonly overexpressed in human osteosarcoma. S100A6 may inhibit osteosarcoma metastasis by promoting cell adhesion and inhibiting cell motility and invasion. Thus, S100A6 may be considered a potential marker for human osteosarcoma with prognostic value for identifying patients without metastases.
Community Based Survey on Psychiatric Morbidity in Eastern Nepal.

INTRODUCTION Mental health problem is common and ubiquitous. Mental illness cuts across all sections of society, irrespective of socio-economic status. Recent international survey showed a varying prevalence rates ranged (4.7%- 12.0%). The Community study in Nepal yielded prevalence rate of mental illness at 14.0%. METHODS This is a descriptive, epidemiologic study with systematic randomization sampling. RESULTS Of 911 respondents majority was married (76.1%), of age group 20-59 yrs. Overall, 113 (12.4%) respondents had at least one psychiatric disorder and the commonest were: Depression, Anxiety disorders, Alcohol use disorders with 1.9% had seizure/epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Community prevalence rate of some common psychiatric disorders is high which calls for special attention to address depressive and alcohol related disorder from all quarters of society particularly from government.
Laccase component of the Ceriporiopsis subvermispora lignin-degrading system

Laccase activity in the lignin-degrading fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora was associated with several proteins in the broth of cultures grown in a defined medium. Activity was not increased significantly by adding 2,5-xylidine or supplemental copper to the medium. Higher activity, associated with two major isoenzymes, developed in cultures grown on a wheat bran medium. These two isoenzymes were purified to homogeneity. L1 and L2 had isoelectric points of 3.4 and 4.8, molecular masses of 71 and 68 kDa, and approximate carbohydrate contents of 15 and 10%, respectively. Data indicated 4 copper atoms per mol. L1 and L2 had overlapping pH optima in the range of 3 to 5, depending on the substrate, and exhibited half-lives of 120 and 50 min at 60 degrees C. They were strongly inhibited by sodium azide and thioglycolic acid but not by hydroxylamine or EDTA. The isoenzymes oxidized 1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene but not other methoxybenzene congeners. A variety of usual laccase substrates, including lignin-related phenols and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], were also oxidized. Kinetic parameters were similar to those of the laccases of Coriolus versicolor. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (20 residues for L1) showed significant homology to those of laccases of other white rot basidiomycetes but not to those of the laccases of Agaricus bisporus or Neurospora crassa.
Intensive postremission chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

BACKGROUND About 65 percent of previously untreated adults with primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) enter complete remission when treated with cytarabine and an anthracycline. However, such responses are rarely durable when conventional postremission therapy is administered. Uncontrolled trials have suggested that intensive postremission therapy may prolong these complete remissions. METHODS We treated 1088 adults with newly diagnosed AML with three days of daunorubicin and seven days of cytarabine and randomly assigned patients who had a complete remission to receive four courses of cytarabine at one of three doses: 100 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day for five days by continuous infusion, 400 mg per square meter per day for five days by continuous infusion, or 3 g per square meter in a 3-hour infusion every 12 hours (twice daily) on days 1, 3, and 5. All patients then received four courses of monthly maintenance treatment. RESULTS Of the 693 patients who had a complete remission, 596 were randomly assigned to receive postremission cytarabine. After a median follow-up of 52 months, the disease-free survival rates in the three treatment groups were significantly different (P = 0.003). Relative to the 100-mg group, the hazard ratios were 0.67 for the 3-g group (95 percent confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.86) and 0.75 for the 400-mg group (95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.94). The probability of remaining in continuous complete remission after four years for patients 60 years of age or younger was 24 percent in the 100-mg group, 29 percent in the 400-mg group, and 44 percent in the 3-g group (P = 0.002). In contrast, for patients older than 60, the probability of remaining disease-free after four years was 16 percent or less in each of the three postremission cytarabine groups. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept of a dose-response effect for cytarabine in patients with AML who are 60 years of age or younger. The results with the high-dose schedule in this age group are comparable to those reported in similar patients who have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation during a first remission.
Seeded FEL Experiments at the SDUV-FEL Test Facility

Free-electron laser (FEL) experiments, especially the seeded FEL related experiments at the Shanghai deep-ultraviolet FEL (SDUV-FEL) test facility during the past few years, are summarized. The main goals of these experimental studies are to gain first-hand experience on emerging novel FEL concepts, and to tackle the technical challenges related to X-ray FELs, which are of crucial importance to the future X-ray FEL user facilities in China.
Modified CRLB on the modulation parameters of OQPSK signal and MSK signal

When the characteristics of a digitally modulated signal are unknown, the estimation of its modulation parameters is indispensable for many digital communication applications. It is therefore very useful to establish a lower bound on the parameter estimation accuracy of a modulated signal. This paper presents the modified Cramer-Rao lower bound (MCRLB) for the modulation parameters of an offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) signal and that of a minimum shift keying (MSK) signal embedded in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The modulation parameters considered are the carrier frequency f/sub c/, the carrier phase /spl theta//sub c/, the signal amplitude A and the symbol time T/sub s/. The MCRLB is dependent on the observation time, the modulation parameters and the pulse shaping function. The MCRLB is evaluated with the raised cosine and lowpass pulse shaping functions. When the roll-off factor of the raised cosine filter increases, the MCRLBs of the four parameters increase, regardless of whatever the modulation type is. In addition, the MCRLB on the T/sub s/ of a MSK signal is 3 dB lower than that of an OQPSK signal. When the bandwidth of the lowpass filter increases, the MCRLBs on f/sub c/, /spl theta//sub c/ and A of an OQPSK signal increases, but the MCRLB on the T/sub s/ of an OQPSK signal decreases. On the other hand, the MCRLBs on the modulation parameters of the a MSK signal all increase.
An empirical study of the impacts of supplier responsiveness on project performance

With the increasing amounts of research and practices of use innovation and quick responses to environmental changes, great attention has been paid to organizational customer innovation and organizational responsiveness as well. Based on supplier responsiveness to the organizational user innovation, this paper firstly explores not only the direct influence of supplier responsiveness on project performance, but also the indirect influence mediated by customer knowledge sharing, and then makes an empirical study in the context of China's telecommunication service industry. Finally, conclusions, implications, and limitations of the research are presented.
Design and implementation of an array language for computational science on a heterogeneous multicore architecture

The packing of multiple processor cores onto a single chip has become a mainstream solution to fundamental physical issues relating to the microscopic scales employed in the manufacture of semiconductor components. Multicore architectures provide lower clock speeds per core, while aggregate floating-point capability continues to increase. Heterogeneous multicore chips, such as the Cell Broadband Engine (CBE) and modern graphics chips, also address the related issue of an increasing mismatch between high processor speeds, and huge latency to main memory. Such chips tackle this memory wall by the provision of addressable caches; increased bandwidth to main memory; and fast thread context switching. An associated cost is often reduced functionality of the individual accelerator cores; and the increased complexity involved in their programming. This dissertation investigates the application of a programming language supporting the first-class use of arrays; and capable of automatically parallelising array expressions; to the heterogeneous multicore domain of the CBE, as found in the Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3). The language is a pre-existing and well-documented proper subset of Fortran, known as the ‘F’ programming language. A bespoke compiler, referred to as E , is developed to support this aim, and written in the Haskell programming language. The output of the compiler is in an extended C++ dialect known as Offload C++, which targets the PS3. A significant feature of this language is its use of multiple, statically typed, address spaces. By focusing on generic, polymorphic interfaces for both the generated and hand constructed code, a number of interesting design patterns relating to the memory locality are introduced. A suite of medium-sized (100-700 lines), real-world benchmark programs are used to evaluate the performance, correctness, and scalability of the compiler technology. Absolute speedup values, well in excess of one, are observed for all of the programs. The work ultimately demonstrates that an array language can significantly reduce the effort expended to utilise a parallel heterogeneous multicore architecture, while retaining high performance. A substantial, related advantage in using standard ‘F’ is that any Fortran compiler can create debuggable, and competitively performing serial programs.