Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto de extractos botánicos sobre el picudo del chile (Anthonomus eugenii Cano) resultados preliminares en El Salvador

This research effort was developed at the campus of the School of Agronomical Science, from May, 1995 to February 1996, with the objective of finding alternative solutions for desirable ecological control of the A. eugenii. The experiment consisted on the evaluation of 35 plant species, in in vitro laboratory conditions , and from which aqueous extracts were prepared with a ratio of 2.5 g of plant matter and 20 mL of water (To of 80 0 C) and applied to leaf discs of the sweet pepper plant (leaf discs had a diameter of 1.7 cm). The discs were used to feed the pepper weevil, in order to compare the effects on their behavior (consumption of the leaf discs and mortality rates). The treatments were distributed using a Complety Random Design with five replications. From the whole set of plant extracts, five promissory species were identifield : “mamey” seed, paradise plant, “madrecacao”, Balsamic Bark, and the leaves of “palo hediondo”. The effects of those species were notorious, since the consumption levels of the leaves varied between 0 and 40 mm 2 , with mortality rates from 20 to 70%. The control with plain water and other plant species showed from 60 to 135 mm 2 of leaf consumption and a mortality rate from 0 to 30%.
Implementation of Ithbait in Maqasid Al-Syari'ah as an Islamic-Based Research Method

Issues of Islamic-based research methodology have initiated discussions in global research recently. The problem that arises is the lack of social research methods in the study of Islamic science and Muslims, which include analytical and epistemological tools in social research methods. Epistemologies and analysis tools that do not meet Islamic law cannot be used to study Islam and Muslims. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a framework model using the ithbat method in the knowledge of Maqasid Al-Syari'ah to be applied as an Islamic-based research method. The first objective of this study is to identify the method of ithbat in Maqasid Al-Syari'ah in determining Islamic law. Second, to analyze the method of ithbat in Maqasid AlSyari'ah as a method of Islamic research. The research design for this study is exploratory. The data collection method used is through documentation. The data analysis methods used are content analysis and method of difference.The first analysis of the study is taqyim which has been adapted to the technique of the research objective. The second is the istiqra 'process adapted to the inductive data analysis method. The results of this study conclude that the ithbat method of istiqra 'and taqyim in Maqasid Al-Syari'ah can be applied as a method of Islamic-based research. It is hoped that the implications of this study will help the public to better understand the true concept of Maqasid Al-Syari'ah and to realize the development of the Islamic-based research methods model in the future.
Climate change and the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): the need for better conservation strategies

The baobab tree, with more than 300 uses and commercial value in EU and United States, has been identified as one of the most important trees to be conserved and domesticated in Africa. A decline in baobab populations because of changes in climate could have a negative effect on African livelihoods. Therefore, it is important to study the potential future distribution of this species and determine strategies for conservation. We used Maxent, 480 geo-referenced records, present and future climatic and soil layers. Different general circulation models and scenarios were selected. Models were simulated for (i) All records, (ii) East Africa and (iii) West Africa species records. For each combination, the proportion of the present habitat that might remain suitable in the future was determined. These habitat proportions were compared with the Protected Areas in Africa. Although potential future distributions were different depending on model, scenario and records used, in all cases only a percentage of the present distribution was predicted to remain suitable in the future. Some countries were found to have no suitable habitat in the future. Recommendations for different conservation strategies include in situ conservation in Protected Areas; ex situ conservation in seed banks; and conservation through ‘sustainable utilization’
Epitope specific T cells in type 1 diabetes: From detection to immunotherapy

Monitoring autoreactive T cells, directed towards immunodominant epitopes is useful in assessment of disease progression and distinguishing different forms of autoimmune diabetes. In a recent work, the authors reported that individuals with slower progression of autoimmune diabetes, i.e. latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) harbour lower frequency of preproinsulin (PPI) specific CD8+ T cells compared to those with typical type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, the PPI specific CD8+ T cells of T1D subjects showed higher proliferation potential and greater proportion of cells with effector phenotype. Besides highlighting the differences in the repertoire of PPI specific peripheral CD8+ T cells between T1D and LADA subjects, this study also demonstrates that autoreactive CD8+ T cells directed towards immunodominant epitopes persist over a period of time in these subjects and hence present as attractive targets for immunotherapy. Generating epitope specific CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) directed towards the same antigen can counter regulate effector CD4+ T cells and further limit the frequency and actions of such autoreactive CD8+ T cells.Recent animal studies have indeed shown that islet antigen specific Tregs can in fact reverse autoimmune diabetes by targeting T cells that infiltrate pancreas. Therefore, combining the approaches of identification of epitope specific T cells using MHC multimers and Treg specific markers, can facilitate the scope of epitope specific immunotherapy in human T1D.
Cranial size and shape variation in mainland and island populations of the quokka

The disjunct distribution of the quokka enabled this study to investigate cranial morphological variation in relation to insularity and latitude. Crania from mainland locations in south-western Australia and from two islands were examined. Thirty-eight three-dimensional homologous landmarks were digitized on 110 quokka crania. The landmark data were first subjected to generalized Procrustes Analysis, followed by principal components analysis. General linear regression was used to test whether quokka cranial size obeys the Island rule and Bergmann’s rule. Crania from the islands were found to be smaller than crania from the adjacent mainland. Crania of quokkas from cooler climates (higher latitudes) were larger than those from warmer climates (lower latitudes), and this trend was observed in both mainland and island samples. Multivariate regression of the combined principal components on the independent variable, latitude, showed shape of the snout of quokkas from cooler southern climates tended to be relatively longer and narrower than those from further north. General linear regressions was also used to ensure that latitude was significantly influencing shape (principal components) independent of age, sex and whether the crania were from the mainland or island populations. Results showed that 40.2% of cranial shape variation was significantly related to latitude, irrespective of age, sex and population type. The variation in size and shape of the quokka crania appears to reflect the eco-geographic variation within the distribution of the species.
Effects of ocean acidification on growth and physiology of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in a rockpool‐scenario

Rising atmospheric CO2‐concentrations will have severe consequences for a variety of biological processes. We investigated the responses of the green alga Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus) to rising CO2‐concentrations in a rockpool scenario. U. lactuca was cultured under aeration with air containing either preindustrial pCO2 (280 μatm) or the pCO2 predicted by the end of the 21st century (700 μatm) for 31 days. We addressed the following question: Will elevated CO2‐concentrations affect photosynthesis (net photosynthesis, maximum relative electron transport rate (rETR(max)), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), pigment composition) and growth of U. lactuca in rockpools with limited water exchange? Two phases of the experiment were distinguished: In the initial phase (day 1–4) the Seawater Carbonate System (SWCS) of the culture medium could be adjusted to the selected atmospheric pCO2 condition by continuous aeration with target pCO2 values. In the second phase (day 4–31) the SWCS was largely determined by the metabolism of the growing U. lactuca biomass. In the initial phase, Fv/Fm and rETR(max) were only slightly elevated at high CO2‐concentrations, whereas growth was significantly enhanced. After 31 days the Chl a content of the thalli was significantly lower under future conditions and the photosynthesis of thalli grown under preindustrial conditions was not dependent on external carbonic anhydrase. Biomass increased significantly at high CO2‐concentrations. At low CO2‐concentrations most adult thalli disintegrated between day 14 and 21, whereas at high CO2‐concentrations most thalli remained integer until day 31. Thallus disintegration at low CO2‐concentrations was mirrored by a drastic decline in seawater dissolved inorganic carbon and HCO3−. Accordingly, the SWCS differed significantly between the treatments. Our results indicated a slight enhancement of photosynthetic performance and significantly elevated growth of U. lactuca at future CO2‐concentrations. The accelerated thallus disintegration at high CO2‐concentrations under conditions of limited water exchange indicates additional CO2 effects on the life cycle of U. lactuca when living in rockpools.
Protocol of a Seamless Recombination with Specific Selection Cassette in PCR-Based Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Summary of the galK -based mutagenesis in E. coli SW102. 1a. Prepare electrocompetent (E.C.) SW102 E. coli. 1b. Electroporate WT virus BAC into electrocompetent SW102. 2a. Prepare galK cassette by PCR with a set of primers conferring sequence homology to the viral BAC sequences flanking geneX . 2b. Prepare electrocompetent SW102 E. coli harboring WT viral BAC and activate defective λ phage recombination system by shaking in a 42oC water bath for 15 minutes. 3. Electroporate the galK -expressing cassette into recombination-activated electrocompetent SW102 strain harboring WT BAC. 4. Upon homologous recombination, geneX is replaced by galK . 5. Confirm presence of galK by growing bacteria on M63 plates with galactose as the sole source of carbon and antibiotic, selecting colonies to screen on MacConkey agar with galactose as the sole source of carbon. The galK- containing recombinant clones will produce red colonies on MacConkey agar with galactose. 6. Select red colony from screening process to verify by PCR and continue.
The Effect of Mental Rotation Training on the Balance and Falling of the Elderly Women with Physical Training Method

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks physical and mental rotation training on the balance and falling of elderly women. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and two-way ANOVA, which is also t-test designed. Tools included: mental rotation questionnaire and functional reach test. The participants included: 36 patients (12 subjects in three groups of physical training, mental rotation and control group) have been randomly selected among the elderly women of an elderly Centre in Tabriz. The training program was administered in two groups of physical training and mental rotation for eight weeks, at three sessions in a week and a group of control with no intervention. For data analysis, the SPSS software, version 21 was used. Results: One-way ANOVA showed, the mean balance among the elderly women was significantly different from the physical training group. The relationship between post-test mental rotation and pre-test physical training was significant at the 0.01 level. Also, the relationship between the post-test mental rotation group and the pre-test mental rotation group was significant at the level of 0.05 and the relationship between mental rotation and balance among elderly women is significant at the 0.01 level, at the end the relationship between mental rotations and falling in the elderly was significant at 0.05 level. Conclusions: The results of this research indicates that the physical training and mental rotation training had a positive effect on the balance of the elderly women and it also showed that the elderly women of the physical training group had more improvement on balance than mental rotation groups. So, this research indicates that, cognitive abilities and movements could be facilitating and effective in this way.
Comprehension of Turkish Relative Clauses: Evidence from Eye-tracking and Corpus Analysis

Purpose: Previous studies in English revealed that it is easier to comprehend subject relative clauses (SRCs) compared to object relative clauses (ORCs). However, subsequent research into processing of relative clauses in typologically different languages produced conflicting results. The present study aimed to investigate relative clause processing in Turkish and to test the predictions of the accounts of relative clause processing. Method: Thirty-six Turkish adult monolinguals took part in an eye-tracking experiment. Eye movements of the participants were recorded while they read Turkish sentences with subject and object relative clauses. Results: Analyses of both comprehension scores and eye-movement measures indicated a disadvantage in processing Turkish ORCs as revealed by more comprehension errors and elevated total reading times as well as more regressions. Furthermore, a corpus analysis conducted using a balanced corpus of Turkish revealed that SRCs are more frequent than ORCs in Turkish. Conclusion: The results are discussed with respect to the predictions of the relative clause processing accounts. It is suggested that a combination of factors including syntactic structure, structural frequency and morphological information shapes and constrains processing patterns of relative clauses.
Synthèse et évaluation biologique des activités anti-biofilm d'analogues d'hémibastadine à noyau 1,2,3-triazole

Les biofilms microbiens peuvent avoir des consequences nefastes dans des domaines aussi divers que les activites marines ou le domaine biomedical. Ce travail a ete entrepris afin d'approfondir les resultats obtenus avec des analogues d'hemibastadines a noyau 1,2,3-triazole. Il a porte sur des composes de cette famille resultant de variations de structures approfondies. Les essais menes ont permis de confirmer que ces composes sont bien actifs comme inhibiteurs de formation de biofilms sans activite antibacterienne, meme lorsqu'il s'agit de biofilms multi-souches. Cependant, les tests ont montre leur toxicite vis-a-vis du phyto et du zooplancton. Les etudes de relation structures­ activite ont permis de determiner les elements favorables l'activite anti-biofilm : necessite de la presence d'au moins un hydroxyle phenolique sur l'un des noyaux aromatiques, interet des atomes de brome, perte d'activite lorsqu'il y a presence de chaines alkylamines. En plus des bacteries marines, des essais ont egalement ete menes sur des biofilms formes par une souche clinique de Candida albicans. Ils ont montre que ces composes sont egalement actifs comme inhibiteurs de formation de biofilms de cette levure, toujours sans activite antifongique.
Opaque selling of multiple substitutable products with finite inventories

Opaque selling, in which a seller offers opaque goods (OGs), in addition to physical goods, has been shown to be an effective strategy to segment a market and improve the seller's profit. This article studies opaque selling with stochastic demand and fixed initial inventories of multiple products, where the seller dynamically controls the product offers and determines the product assignment to fulfill the demand for OGs over time. The problem is formulated as a stochastic dynamic program. Due to the curse of dimensionality, we study the fluid control problem that gives a time‐based fluid policy and a stationary probabilistic fulfillment strategy. We show that the fluid policy is asymptotically optimal when the arrival rates and initial inventory level are scaled up linearly. Furthermore, we propose a decomposition heuristic based on the corresponding fluid solution. The decomposition heuristic is shown to provide a tighter upper bound than the fluid control problem. Numerical study on a set of test instances illustrates the performance and efficacy of opaque selling.
Conversion of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse Residue to Glucose by Dilute Acid Hydrolysis

In the present work, hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse residue using dilute acid was investigated. The sweet sorghum bagasse residue was from pretreatment. Process parameters investigated include reactor temperature, reaction time, and acid concentration in order to find suitable conditions for hydrolysis of the cellulose fraction. The effects of dilute acid hydrolysis were assessed by glucose yield and decomposition products concentration. The highest yield of glucose, 70.10%, was found at the temperature of 170°C, acid concentration of 1.0% (w/w), and a reaction time of 10 min. Meanwhile, 0.99 g/L of acetic acid, 0.22 g/L of furfural, 0.73 g/L of hydro-xymethyl furfural, and 1.60 g/L of levulinic acid were obtained under these conditions, which concluded that the decomposition of glucose was slight and confirmed the selectivity of this dilute acid hydrolysis of the sweet sorghum bagasse residue. The present work aims to take full advantage of the sweet sorghum bagasse residue and obtain glucose solutions with a low concentration of growth inhibitors.
Manipulation of Muscle Glycogen Concentrations Using High and Low Carbohydrate Diets and Exercise

Abstract : The Influence of Muscle Glycogen Levels on Shivering and Temperature Regulation During Cold Water Immersion study was designed to investigate the effect of muscle glycogen levels on body temperature homeostasis in man acutely exposed to cold, with alterations in muscle glycogen levels experimentally induced by exercise and dietary manipulation. The results of muscle biopsies taken from each test subject after each phase indicated that the exercise and dietary manipulation were effective in depleting muscle glycogen concentrations as well as repleting levels above what would be expected as normal concentrations in untrained subjects. The results of the dietary efforts supported the findings of other investigators that muscle glycogen levels can be increased by consumption of a high carbohydrate diet (in conjunction with a reduction of physical exercise), without necessarily having to stimulate the muscle for supercompensation via a depletion phase immediately preceding the loading phase as has been recommended for glycogen loading in the past. A series of practical high and low carbohydrate diets were developed using foods that can be easily obtained from commercial supermarket sources. These diets require minimal preparation and can be effectively utilized in metabolic ward studies or by athletes preparing for endurance events requiring replete muscle glycogen levels prior to completion.
Improving the efficiency of haploid wheat production mediated by wide crossing

[Summary]: This study examined several possible means of improving the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) x maize (Zea mays L.) method for haploid production in Australian hard white spring wheat genotypes. Two wheat varieties were pollinated by each of five maize lines, giving an average of 22 embryos per 100 florets. One maize inbred gave a significantly lower haploid embryo yield. Embryos rescued 12 or 15 days post pollination had a significantly higher germination percentage (51 to 80%) than embryos rescued 9, 17, 19 or 21 days after pollination (6.4 to 31%). Embryos 12 to 15 days old were found to be large and easily rescued. Haploid wheat embryos germinated at equal frequencies on four commercial tissue culture media and germination frequency was not affected by differing levels of 6-benzylarninopurine (BAP). However, the rate at which haploid embryos germinated was found to be significantly affected by both the type of medium and the Cytokinin level. Haploid embryos germinated fastest on an MS based medium with 0.05 mg/L BAP.
Near‐Field Optical Tweezers for Chemistry and Biology

Near‐field optical tweezer techniques have been essential for the development for manipulation and identification of micro‐ and nanoparticles (NPs) in lab‐on‐a‐chip systems. Optical waveguide, which has been exploited as a fascinating manipulation approach, provides valuable insights into the biology of the specific type of cells and potential for enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Specific waveguides and its own structures in near‐field optical techniques can be used to trap, transport, sort, levitate, and deform a micro‐ or NP in colloid chemistry and pharmaceutical biology. Given the precise manipulation and trapping stiffness with low light power, a diverse range of micro/nanostructured optical fiber, silicon‐on‐insulator resonator, photonic crystal cavity, and plasmonic waveguide have been proposed in many theoretical models and experimental observations, including polystyrene bead, silica bead, metal particle, erythrocyte, virus, and DNA. Considering the optical pressure fundamental, fabrication process, and structure categorization, this review describes recent mainstream developments and future perspectives of near‐field optical tweezers for chemical and biological applications.
Molecular Simulation of bioalcohol purification in ZIF-1, -3, -7 and -9 frameworks

Using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method, the adsorption properties of ethanol and water on the four ZIFs (ZIF-1, -3, -7 and -9) have been investigated with different conditions. Their storage capacities of pure ethanol and water at different temperatures and pressures have been compared. And the mixture adsorption of ethanol and water and the adsorption selectivity of ethanol over water in these ZIFs have also been investigated. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the order of the adsorbed amounts of ethanol is ZIF-9>-7>-3>-1 at the same condition. And there are the same trend for water adsorption. (2) ZIF-1 and -3 have preferable selectivity of ethanol over water than ZIF-7 and ZIF-9 owing to the hydrophobic structure of the former.
Error Reports in the Light of Error Management Climate, Task Complexity and Personnel Composition

Purpose: This study examines the impact of error management climate, task complexity and personnel composition on the willingness to report errors in audit firms. A high willingness to report errors enables the proper conduction of an audit and is associated with higher organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: We use a mixed-subject case-based experiment to gain data for the examination. A total of 53 certified Austrian and German auditors participated in the experiment. For the data analysis, we use descriptive statistics and nonparametric test procedures to investigate significant differences. Findings: The results indicate that a proper error management climate is the most important factor for the willingness to report errors, which increases under an “error-tolerant” error management climate. The impact of the error management climate is independent of the task complexity and the personnel composition in which the error occurred. Research limitations/implications: The use of other methods and approaches to manipulate and operationalize the variables may lead to different results. Originality/value: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on error management climate. The analysis of the influence of task complexity and personnel composition on the willingness to report errors offers new insights into the impact and significance of error management climate in audit firms.