Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving transductive data selection algorithms for machine translation

In this work, we study different ways of improving Machine Translation models by using the subset of training data that is the most relevant to the test set. This is achieved by using Transductive Algoritms (TA) for data selection. In particular, we explore two methods: Infrequent N-gram Recovery (INR) and Feature Decay Algorithms (FDA). Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) models do not always perform better when more data are used for training. Using these techniques to extract the training sentences leads to a better performance of the models for translating a particular test set than using the complete training dataset. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) can outperform SMT models, but they require more data to achieve the best performance. In this thesis, we explore how INR and FDA can also be beneficial to improving NMT models with just a fraction of the available data. On top of that, we propose several improvements for these data-selection methods by exploiting the information on the target side. First, we use the alignment between words in the source and target sides to modify the selection criteria of these methods. Those sentences containing n-grams that are more difficult to translate should be promoted so that more occurrences of these n-grams are selected. Another extension proposed is to select sentences based not on the test set but on an MT-generated approximated translation (so the target-side of the sentences are considered in the selection criteria). Finally, target-language sentences can be translated into the source-language so that INR and FDA have more candidates to select sentences from.
Validation of the brief pain inventory in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction: Pain is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is commonly used to evaluate pain magnitude and its interference with daily aspects of living. Although its reliability and validity have been determined in people who experience pain due to cancer or other conditions, the BPI has not been validated in people with COPD. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the internal consistency and convergent, divergent, discriminant, and construct validity of the BPI in people with COPD. Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on data (n=85) retrieved from two previous studies that had utilized the following questionnaires: BPI, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The BPI had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach9s α=0.96). The convergent validity of the BPI and MPQ was high (ρ=-0.86). Factor analysis demonstrated that the items in the BPI measured the intended construct and thus, good construct validity. Divergent validity determined by correlations of BPI and SF-36 domains showed low values (r=-0.23 to -0.33), with the exception of a moderate correlation with bodily pain (r=-0.57, p Conclusions: The BPI showed good internal consistency and different types of validity in people with COPD. Its responsiveness to examine changes after interventions is worthy of future studies.
LASER INDUCED DAMAGE THRESHOLD OF SILICON WITH NATIVE AND ARTIFICIAL SIO2 LAYER

Spot size measurements of a 260 fs, 1030 nm focused spatially Gaussian pulsed laser beam were performed on a Silicon surface with native and thermally grown SiO2 layers using a widely known method of evaluating laser beam energy dependent damage area. Single pulse laser induced damage thresholds of both samples were also measured. Modification of the thermally grown SiO2 layer was analyzed in detail using optical, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Restrictions in Gaussian beam spot size measurements on the samples with transparent coatings and several observable thresholds are discussed.
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Measures for Synthetic Microdata

Goodness-of-fit tests are widely used by geographers, but choice remains difficult. Our overview starts with a conceptual examination of the nature of fit. Three important approaches to assessing the goodness-of-fit of categorical data are reviewed and appraised: statistics tested against the h ² distribution, the normal Z score and its variants, and measures derived from information theory. The forms of the phi and psi statistics highlighted in earlier geographical work are shown to be closely approximated by a simple measure of absolute error. Empirical examples help to illustrate the relative utility of these tests for a range of purposes.
Hand gesture recognition using multimodal data fusion and multiscale parallel convolutional neural network for human–robot interaction

Hand gesture recognition plays an important role in human–robot interaction. The accuracy and reliability of hand gesture recognition are the keys to gesture‐based human–robot interaction tasks. To solve this problem, a method based on multimodal data fusion and multiscale parallel convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy and reliability of hand gesture recognition. First of all, data fusion is conducted on the sEMG signal, the RGB image, and the depth image of hand gestures. Then, the fused images are generated to two different scale images by downsampling, which are respectively input into two subnetworks of the parallel CNN to obtain two hand gesture recognition results. After that, hand gesture recognition results of the parallel CNN are combined to obtain the final hand gesture recognition result. Finally, experiments are carried out on a self‐made database containing 10 common hand gestures, which verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method for hand gesture recognition. In addition, the proposed method is applied to a seven‐degree‐of‐freedom bionic manipulator to achieve robotic manipulation with hand gestures.
Interim PET/CT in the primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma - a rare entity with very good prognosis

Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-1741 / Interim PET/CT in the primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma - a rare entity with very good prognosis" by: "A. Kocurek, A. Giza, W. Jurczak; Krakow/PL"
Exploiting Structural Information in Camera Aided Radar Parameter Estimation

The sparse nature of the ranging and spatial angle parameter space has been exploited by many radar parameter estimation algorithms in literature. We note that real world reflections are not sporadically sparse in the parameter space and typically exhibit smooth variation effects with non-zero entries occurring in clusters. In this paper, we explicitly model this additional structural information into our estimation algorithm and propose a non-convex regularization of the linear observation model corresponding to the sparse dictionary representation of the radar image. The proposed non-convex regularization encourages block-sparse solutions and incorporates side information from a secondary camera sensor. In addition, the proposed framework also allows us to use structural information learnt using observations over time. Our experiments using a 77 GHz FMCW radar only and radar-camera setup show improved performance over state of the art algorithms in terms of target detection and resolution.
Macroeconomic and distributional effects of demographic change in an open economy—the case of Belgium

Abstract We construct and parameterize an overlapping generations model for an open economy with individuals who differ in innate ability. Key endogenous variables are hours worked, investment in human and physical capital, and per capita growth. The model replicates important data in Belgium since 1960 remarkably well. Simulating it, we observe that behavioral adjustments by households and firms contribute to reverse the negative arithmetical effect of future demographic change on per capita growth. Individuals work and study more. However, with unchanged policies, there remains a net negative effect on annual per capita growth of almost 0.3%-points on average in the next 25 years. This is mainly due to adverse consequences of reduced fertility and a declining working-age population on (the return to) physical capital investment. Model projections also point to rising income inequality induced by demographic change. Differences in the capacity of individuals to respond to increasing life expectancy by investing in education, and by saving, are key.
Cost and Pricing of Differential Privacy in Demand Reporting for Smart Grids

In smart grid, the highly dynamics of electrical loads introduce uncertainty to the system, which also brings new challenges for the power grid control and optimization. Reporting demand information by customers in solving the economic dispatch control (EDC) problem in power grids is a promising approach, but it raises important privacy concerns. One solution is to add random noise to aggregate queries of demand reports can provide differential privacy (DP) for the individual customers. However, the noisy query information can adversely degrade the EDC's optimality. In this paper, we first analyze the cost in demand reporting in terms of how DP-induced noise will increase the total generation cost. We show that the noise amounts for different customers are intricately coupled with one another in determining the total cost. To deal with the coupling, we apply the principle of Shapley value to attribute fair shares of the total cost to the power grid buses and study the properties of this cost sharing approach. For efficient sharing of the privacy cost, in a manner scalable to large power systems with many buses, we propose heuristic algorithms to approximate the Shapley value. Moreover, we study important network effects of the per-customer DP cost within a privacy group attached to the same bus, in that this cost depends on how many other customers choose the same privacy group. Accordingly, we design a pricing scheme for the customers that we prove to be truthful, i.e., customers have no incentives to deviate from the group that represents their true privacy needs. We also discuss the impact of the high-demand customer on other customers’ cost and propose an approach in the pricing scheme to charge higher cost on the high-demand customer. Trace-driven simulations based on a 5-bus power system model validate our analysis and illustrate the performance of the proposed cost sharing algorithms.
The biggest or the most abundant? Predation of the Black Drum Pogonias cromis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) on benthic organisms in southern Brazil

Predators that consume larger prey acquire a greater net return of energy per individual, even though they are less abundant. The objective of this work is to analyze the feeding biology of Pogonias cromis in southern Brazil, in order to test for the occurrence of ontogenetic changes in diet as fish reach larger sizes, by consuming larger prey as they grow. Between August 2014 and May 2016, 347 specimens were collected from catches of the fishing fleet that operate in the Patos lagoon estuary and in the adjacent marine area of Cassino beach, that use artisanal fishing gillnets. The prey-specific relative importance index, food overlap, niche breadth and prey length preference were calculated for three length classes, class 1 (27.8–48.73 cm), class 2 (48.73–69.66 cm) and class 3 (69.66–90.60 cm). A total of 13 food items (6 species of crustaceans, 5 species of mollusks, fish fragments and non-animal fragments) were identified, where two species of mollusks (Heleobia australis and Erodona mactroides) represented 90.49% of the diet. The overlap index was moderate between classes 1 and 2, high between 2 and 3 and moderate between 1 and 3. There was a low niche breadth at the population level and for each length class. There were no significant differences in the length of prey consumed among classes. The data obtained here indicates that P. cromis can be classified as a predator specialized in mollusks, with low tendency to ontogenetic changes in southern Brazil. Considering information from the population of P. cromis from Argentina, it can be inferred that the species in the waters of southern South America is a benthic predator adapted to local conditions.
CO2-concentration of the surrounding air of sleeping infants inside a crib

Abstract The indoor air quality is important for the well-being of humans, especially in the case of young babies. This research focuses on the air qualityinside a crib with sleeping infants. The effects of different sleeping positions of the baby on the air quality within the crib were studied by measurements on modelled setup. The breathing of an infant was simulated by means of a baby doll which had a breathing device: a intermitted supply of air mixed with CO2 through a tube in the lips of the baby doll. For different sleeping positions, the effects on the CO2 concentration inside the baby bed were measured and compared with the background CO2-level in the sleeping quarter. The results showed an increased CO2 concentration (up to 4 times) depending on the sleeping position of the infant.
Quranic app practices among multilingual Muslim youth in Denmark

This article sheds light on a set of religious literacy practices which have so far received very little scientific attention, namely ‘quranic app practices’. Quranic app practices are conceptualized as ways of engaging with the Quran through religious apps on smartphones or tablets. The article is based primarily on an explorative group interview with four young people from a Year 8 class in a multilingual lower secondary school in Denmark. The youth have Somali and Afghan background, consider themselves practicing Muslims and can be described as ‘religious heritage learners of Arabic’ (Temples 2013). The article explores the quranic app practices of the young people as reported in the interview and shows how the young people use the quranic apps to engage with the sacred text of the Quran in different ways, with different objectives and drawing on different languages. Building on Rosowsky’s (2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015) research on faith literacies, the analysis reveals that the young people have radically different understandings of that it entails to ‘read the Quran’ and that their quranic app practices vary greatly, but also that their choice of app is consistent with their stated objectives, priorities, preferences and practices. The different quranic app practices thus all appear meaningful, consistent and legitimate. Based on the analysis, the article calls for further investigation of young people’s quranic app practices.
Cycle cost considerations in a continuous review inventory control model

Abstract In this study, the continuous review order-quantity–re-order point (Q, R) model is analysed with cycle cost considerations. First, we formulate the maximum cycle cost of a given (Q, R) policy using a distribution-free approach. Then, two approaches are introduced to minimize the maximum cycle cost: (i) adjusting R of a given (Q, R) policy and (ii) designing a new (Q, R) policy. Optimum inventory control decisions are characterized for each approach. A set of numerical studies is presented to compare the outcomes of both approaches to three long-term cost minimization approaches, namely the cost minimizing (Q, R) policy, the distribution-free minmax (Q, R) policy, and the distribution-free (Q, R) policy based on the maximum entropy principle. Our numerical results demonstrate the viability of the two approaches introduced and discuss implications of penalty costs and lead time demand’s coefficient of variation. Later, we formulate a bi-objective model with the objectives of expected cost and maximum cycle cost minimizations and propose a bi-directional method to approximate the set of Pareto efficient solutions. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the algorithm and demonstrate the Pareto front.
Forgotten Summers The Story Of The Citizens Military Training Camps 1921 1940

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Analisis pengelolaan dana desa studi kasus di Kecamatan Tatapaan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

Dana desa adalah dana yang bersumber dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara yang diperuntukan bagi desa yang ditransfer melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah Kabupaten/Kota dan digunakan untuk membiayai penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, pelaksanaan pembangunan, pembinaan kemasyarakatan, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Menurut Permendagri No. 113 Tahun 2014 menjelaskan bahwa pengelolaan keuangan desa adalah keseluruhan kegiatan yang meliputi Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Penatausahaan, Pelaporan dan Pertanggungjawaban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengelolaan dana desa di Kecamatan Tatapaan di Desa Sulu, Desa Paslaten, Desa Paslaten Satu, Desa Popareng, Desa Pungkol, Desa Sondaken, Desa Arakan dan Desa Rap-Rap apakah sesuai dengan Permendagri No. 113 Tahun 2014 atau tidak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tahap Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, dan Penatausahaan sudah sesuai dengan Permendagri No. 113 Tahun 2014 namun untuk Pelaporan dan Pertanggungjawaban terjadi hambatan sehingga tidak sesuai dengan Permendagri No. 113 Tahun 2014.
A Priliminary Study on In-hospital Outcome of Stroke in a Tertiary Centre of South Bengal, India

This single centre descriptive observational design study was undertaken in a tertiary referral centre of South Bengal, India in an attempt to assess the outcome of stroke according to various risk factors and Glasgow coma scale at the time of admission. A better outcome was considered as Glasgow outcome scale score of 4 and 5 while poor outcome was considered as Glasgow outcome scale score of 3 or less.
PAX8 expressing epithelial cells are a cancer-prone source of clonal cyclical regeneration of endometrial epithelium

bioRxiv has withdrawn this manuscript after a formal investigation by Cornell University that concluded that it was submitted and made public without listing all contributing authors. The list of authors in this preprint should have been: Dah-Jiun Fu, Andrea J. De Micheli, Blaine A. Harlan, Mallikarjun Bidarimath, Minseok Kim, Lora H. Ellenson, Benjamin D. Cosgrove, Andrea Flesken-Nikitin and Alexander Yu. Nikitin, with DJF, AJDM and BAH indicated as equal contributors. Therefore, this work should not be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding authors.
Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to low back pain, which is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of IDD, fundamental and long‐lasting treatments for IDD are still lacking. With increased understanding of the complex pathomechanism of IDD, alternative strategies for treating IDD can be discovered. A brief overview of the prevalence and epidemiologic risk factors of IDD is provided in this review, followed by the descriptions of anatomic, cellular, and molecular structure of the intervertebral disc as well as the molecular pathophysiology of IDD. Finally, the recent findings of intervertebral disc progenitors are reviewed and the future perspectives are discussed.
Vietnamese Women Entrepreneurs’ Motivations, Challenges, and Success Factors

The Problem According to the Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs, 31.3% of businesses in Vietnam are owned by women, placing Vietnam at the sixth out of the 53 surveyed economies. Despite the prevalence of female entrepreneurship in Vietnam, little is known about the motivations, challenges, and success factors of those occupying this vibrant sector of the Vietnamese economy. Greater knowledge of how women entrepreneurs perceive themselves and the Vietnamese business environment could stimulate greater support for their personal and career development. The Solution This study aims to explore Vietnamese women entrepreneurs’ motivations, challenges, and success factors. This qualitative research study provides (a) a brief introduction to the business context and the role of women entrepreneurs in Vietnam; (b) findings on Vietnamese women motivation for to starting and running business, as well as the challenges they face, and factors contributing to their success; and (c) recommendations for government policies, business communities, and the development of female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. As few research studies on women business owners in Vietnam are available, this empirical study can contribute to more effective practice and further research on this cohort in Vietnam. The Stakeholders Recommendations provided in this study will help governmental policymakers, business communities, and female entrepreneurs in Vietnam.
Comparison of rates of perceived exertion between active video games and traditional exercise : original research

Background: Research regarding the Nintendo WiiTM has focused on rehabilitation and balance benefits as well as energy expenditure for games such as boxing and tennis. There is a gap, however, in the literature regarding perceived exertion of the WiiTM compared to other modes of exercise. Research question:The purpose of this laboratory-based study was to compare perceived exertion on the Nintendo WiiTM and two traditional modes of exercise : the treadmill and cycle ergometer. It was expected that the WiiTM would show lower ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values. Type of study: A repeated measures design was used. Methods: Five healthy males (average age = 21.4 years) and seven females (average age = 22.1 years) completed three 20 minute exercise sessions in random order, one each using the cycle ergometer, the treadmill and the Nintendo Wii Fit PlusTM. Exercise intensity was fixed at 65% (± 5 bpm) of each participant's age predicted maximum heart rate. Ratings of perceived exertion and HR were measured every minute. Additionally overall RPE was collected at the end of each trial. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance confirmed that although exercise intensity was consistent across the three exercise methods, overall RPE was lowest for the Nintendo WiiTM (9.50) followed by the treadmill (9.92) and finally the cycle ergometer (11.08), F(1,11) = 10.17, p<0.01. Conclusions: When compared to certain traditional exercise modalities the Nintendo Wii Fit PlusTM was perceived to require less effort. Therefore, using the Nintendo Wii Fit PlusTM is likely to result in higher exercise adherence rates.