Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Missile Pitch Controller by using Parseval ’ s Theorem

This paper is focused on the optimal missile pitch control problem. Firstly, the analysis of the system by using Root Locus and Routh’s stability criterion is performed. Then, Second Ziegler-Nichols and Systematic tuning methods are implemented. Different types of controllers: P, PI and PID are analyzed. PID controller has been selected as the best choice. Integral Square Error (ISE) criteria is chosen for the optimal system. Optimal controller parameters are found applying Parseval’s theorem, based on the coefficients of the steady-state error in the frequency domain. Results are confirmed by using Matlab and Simulink. Response of the system to the unit-step function, shows a good dynamical performance. In addition, a steady-state error has been eliminated. “Derivative kick” is not significant and no needs to apply a nonlinear saturation block (limiter) to the system. A disturbance is also added to check its influence on the system dynamics. Only a slight increase of the ISE was recorded. Keywords—Parseval’s Theorem, Missile, Optimal Pitch Control, ISE Criteria, PID Controller.
Testing of Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Ledok Added with Seaweed in Vivo

Ledok is a traditional food in Nusa Penida, in form of porridge made from corn, cassava, beans, green leaves vegetables and seasoning without rice. Ledok has the potentials to be developed as a functional food, because it contents sufficient nutrients and bioactive component which is dietary fiber. The obyectives of this research is to discover the hypocholesterolemic effect of ledok added with seaweed in vivo . The experiment is conducted by Completely Randomize Design. The are four treatments which are : PO (rat group without hypercholesterol + standard feed = negative control), P1 (rat group with hypercholesterol + standard feed = positive control), P2 (rat group with hypercholesterol + standard feed + ledok 15 %) and P3 (rat group with hypercholesterol + standard feed+ ledok 30 %). Every group consists of six rats. Analysis are taken before (pretest) and after (posttest) feed treatment on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride of rat blood. The feed treatment is given for 28 days. The research shows that there is a lowering of cholesterol total level, triglyceride and cholesterol LDL of rats blood. In the other hand there is raise in rats blood cholesterol HDL level take place by giving mix of standard feed and ledok added with seaweed. Treatment of ledok by 30 % can lower total cholesterol level, triglyceride and LDL in the following order : 43.09 %, 42.30 % and 37.80 % from pretest level. Meanwhile HDL level of rat blood has a raise of 172,31 % from pretest level. Keywords: ledok , hypocholesterolemic, cholesterol, triglyceride DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/90-05 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
Unpaired Data based Cross-domain Synthesis and Segmentation Using Attention Neural Network

Medical images from different modalities (e.g. MRI, CT) or contrasts (e.g. T1, T2) are usually used to extract abundant information for medical image analysis. Some modalities or contrasts may be degraded or missing, caused by artifacts or strict timing during acquisition. Thus synthesizing realistic medical images in the required domain is meaningful and helpful for clinical application. Meanwhile, due to the time-consuming of manual annotation, automatic medical image segmentation has attracted much attention. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end cross-domain synthesis and segmentation framework SSA-Net. It is based on cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) for unpaired data. We introduce a gradient consistent term to refine the boundaries in synthesized images. Besides, we design a special shape consistent term to constrain the anatomical structure in synthesized images and to guide segmentation without target domian labels. In order to make the synthesis subnet focusing on some hard-to-learn regions automatically, we also introduce the attention block into the generator. On two challenging validation datasets (CHAOS and iSeg-2017), the proposed method achieves superior synthesis performance and comparable segmentation performance.
Available sulphur status in cultivated soils of Aravalli district of North Gujarat

In order to assess the available sulphur content in soils of Aravalli district of North Gujarat, two hundred and sixty five surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were randomly collected from 6 talukas of Aravalli district of North Gujarat. All the collected soil samples were analyzed for available sulphur as per standard procedure. Results revealed that the available S content in soils of Aravalli district varied from 3.64 to 86.91 mg kg with a mean value of 24.21 mg kg. Out of 265 soil samples of the district, 20.38, 31.70 and 47.92 per cent were found under low, medium and high category for available sulphur, respectively. According to the nutrient index value (NIV), soils of Aravalli district were adequate in available sulphur (2.28). Significant positive correlation was found to exist between organic carbon and available S status of soil under study.
Math in Minecraft: Changes in Students’ Mathematical Identities When Overcoming In-Game Challenges

This paper presents empirical findings from a qualitative study that uses Minecraft as a mathematical tool and learning environment. Even though Minecraft has been used for several years in classrooms all over the world, there is a lack of detailed empirical studies of what subject-related content students can learn by working with the game. The study is based on a teaching unit for 5th grade, which focused on using the coordinate system already embedded in Minecraft as a means of navigating and exploring the game in order to solve mathematical problems. Based on a design experiment with the teaching unit, we explore the following research question: How do 5th grade students experience a change in their mathematical identities when they participate in an inquiry-based teaching unit with Minecraft? A thematic analysis explore data from six group interviews. The theoretical perspectives used in the coding of data were based on domain theory and an interpretive framework for understanding students’ mathematical identity. The key analytical findings regard the students’ experience of the coordinate system as part of both the academic domain of mathematics and as a part of their everyday domain playing Minecraft, how students actively use the coordinate system to improve play in Minecraft, and how students experience new ways of participating in mathematics.
Resting state functional connectivity analysis based on mutual information graphs For MS patients

Ehsan Eqlimi *,1,2, Nader Riyahi-Alam1, Mohammad Ali Sahraian2,Sadjad Riyahi-Alam2 ,Tina Roostaei2, Arash Nazeri2, Aida Aghsaei2, Amir Reza Azimi2, Ali Shakourirad2, Hossein Ghanaati3, Kavous Firouznia3, Manijeh Pakravan3,Arman Eshaghi2 1 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Sina MS Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Contact: Ehsan Eqlimi ( E-mail: Eghlimi@razi.tums.ac.ir , Ehsun.Eghlimi@gmail.com )
Prevalence, physical activity and work in patients with spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of interrelated inflammatory rheumatic diseases with the sub-diagnoses ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), arthritis-associated inflammatory bowel disease (Aa-IBD), undifferentiated SpA (USpA), where stiffness and pain are key symptoms. Insidious onset back pain, morning stiffness, waking up at night, and improvement from exercise are common characteristics. The disease is life-long, often with early onset, and can cause limitations in physical function, affecting the ability to work, and has a negative effect on health-related quality of life. The overall aim of the present work was to describe the prevalence of SpA and to study the consequences for the individual and society regarding physical activity and work in a population-based cohort of patients seeking health care. The studies are based on a cohort of patients with SpA, identified through the Skane Health Care Register by searching for 12 ICD-10 codes for SpA that had led to a doctor’s consultation 2003–2007. Two questionnaire surveys in 2009 and 2011 were sent to all the patients in the cohort >18 years and data from these formed the basis of the studies II, III, and IV. Study I: The estimation of SpA prevalence based on almost 4,000 patients was 0.45% in adults (≥ 15 years), and equally common in women and men. The prevalence in different subgroups was 0.12% in AS, 0.25% in PsA, 0.0015% in Aa-IBD, and 0.10% in USpA. Study II dealt with the proportion of patients who met the WHO recommendations for physical activity. Seven out of ten patients with SpA met the recommendations, more frequently in women than in men, and with a somewhat higher proportion in the SpAScania cohort than in the general Swedish population. Studies III and IV examined the patterns of reduced productivity at work both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Just under half of the patients with SpA reported reduced productivity at work, and more reduction was reported in women than in men. Reduced productivity at work was associated with, and could be predicted from several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), higher disease activity, lower physical function, lower self-efficacy, worse mental health and low education level. To conclude, 45 individuals out of 10,000 have a diagnosis of SpA, and affected individuals report significant consequences of the disease. The findings presented in this thesis could help clinicians to identify patients at an early stage at risk of a worse prognosis using simple clinical questions in routine practice, and tailor the activities, treatment, and care for patients with SpA. (Less)
Readers want transparency in link between doctors and drug firms

Senior doctors hit a blank last week when they were asked to define their profession and left a sense of dissatisfaction among colleagues at a meeting entitled “Do we still need doctors? ” Professor Graeme Catto, president of the General Medical Council, said that because of the erosion of boundaries between different healthcare professionals, it was “important that we define more clearly than …
The effects of ovarian cancer cell-derived exosomes on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells

Ovarian carcinoma is considered as a major clinical challenge worldwide. Exosomes, nano-sized intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies, are secreted by most types of cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. Cancer cell-derived exosomes can develop cancer progression and metastasis by manipulating the local and distant biological environments. Angiogenesis is an important contributor to tumor progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent pro-angiogenic protein and induces proliferation, sprouting, and vessel formation by endothelial cells. In this study, exosomes derived from ovarian epithelial cancer cells OVACAR-3 (exo-OVCAR-3) were successfully isolated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy in terms of size and morphology. Cellular internalization of exosomes labeled with PKH fluorescent dye was monitored by a fluorescence microscope. Our results elucidated that exosomes treatment (100 µg/ml) had a promoting effect on VEGF expression and secretion in endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exo-OVCAR-3 caused an increase in the proliferation and migration rate of endothelial cells. It seems that inducing VEGF by exo-OVCAR-3 can influence the vascular behavior of endothelial cells in vitro.
Allosteric pathway selection in templated assembly

Allostery plays a critical role in selecting high-fidelity assembly pathways. Assembling large numbers of molecular building blocks into functional nanostructures is no trivial task. It relies on guiding building blocks through complex energy landscapes shaped by synergistic and antagonistic supramolecular interactions. In nature, the use of molecular templates is a potent strategy to navigate the process to the desired structure with high fidelity. Yet, nature’s templating strategy remains to be fully exploited in man-made nanomaterials. Designing effective template-guided self-assembling systems can only be realized through precise insight into how the chemical design of building blocks and the resulting balance of repulsive and attractive forces give rise to pathway selection and suppression of trapped states. We develop a minimal model to unravel the kinetic pathways and pathway selection of the templated assembly of molecular building blocks on a template. We show how allosteric activation of the associative interactions can suppress undesired solution-aggregation pathways and gives rise to a true template-assembly path.
Proline metabolism regulates replicative lifespan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In many plants and microorganisms, intracellular proline has a protective role against various stresses, including heat-shock, oxidation and osmolarity. Environmental stresses induce cellular senescence in a variety of eukaryotes. Here we showed that intracellular proline regulates the replicative lifespan in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of the proline oxidase gene PUT1 and expression of the γ-glutamate kinase mutant gene PRO1-I150T that is less sensitive to feedback inhibition accumulated proline and extended the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. Inversely, disruption of the proline biosynthetic genes PRO1, PRO2, and CAR2 decreased stationary proline level and shortened the lifespan of yeast cells. Quadruple disruption of the proline transporter genes unexpectedly did not change intracellular proline levels and replicative lifespan. Overexpression of the stress-responsive transcription activator gene MSN2 reduced intracellular proline levels by inducing the expression of PUT1, resulting in a short lifespan. Thus, the intracellular proline levels at stationary phase was positively correlated with the replicative lifespan. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of amino acids in yeast mutants deficient in proline metabolism showed characteristic metabolic profiles coincident with longevity: acidic and basic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids positively contributed to the replicative lifespan. These results allude to proline metabolism having a physiological role in maintaining the lifespan of yeast cells.
Microscopic origin of the chiroptical response of optical media

A generalized model framework is developed to describe the physical origin of the chiroptical response in optical media. The potential for enhancing the optical activity of natural chiral media using engineered nanophotonic components has been central in the quest toward developing next-generation circular-dichroism spectroscopic techniques. Through confinement and manipulation of optical fields at the nanoscale, ultrathin optical elements have enabled a path toward achieving order-of-magnitude enhancements in the chiroptical response. Here, we develop a model framework to describe the underlying physics governing the origin of the chiroptical response in optical media. The model identifies optical activity to originate from electromagnetic coupling to the hybridized eigenstates of a coupled electron-oscillator system, whereas differential absorption of opposite handedness light, though resulting in a far-field chiroptical response, is shown to have incorrectly been identified as optical activity. We validate the model predictions using experimental measurements and show them to also be consistent with observations in the literature. The work provides a generalized framework for the design and study of chiroptical systems.
REM34 and REM35 Control Female and Male Gametophyte Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

The REproductive Meristem (REM) gene family encodes for transcription factors belonging to the B3 DNA binding domain superfamily. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the REM gene family is composed of 45 members, preferentially expressed during flower, ovule, and seed developments. Only a few members of this family have been functionally characterized: VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) and, most recently, TARGET OF FLC AND SVP1 (TFS1) regulate flowering time and VERDANDI (VDD), together with VALKYRIE (VAL) that control the death of the receptive synergid cell in the female gametophyte. We investigated the role of REM34, REM35, and REM36, three closely related and linked genes similarly expressed in both female and male gametophytes. Simultaneous silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) caused about 50% of the ovules to remain unfertilized. Careful evaluation of both ovule and pollen developments showed that this partial sterility of the transgenic RNAi lines was due to a postmeiotic block in both female and male gametophytes. Furthermore, protein interaction assays revealed that REM34 and REM35 interact, which suggests that they work together during the first stages of gametogenesis.
The Differences in the Safety and Tolerability of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Treatment for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Melanoma: Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have evolved for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition to the efficacy of ICIs for cancer, the adverse events (AEs) of ICIs are also noteworthy for gradually more extensive clinical use. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the treatment-related AEs that occurred in clinical trials using different kinds of ICIs, to explore the differences in AEs among ICIs for treating non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma, and to compare select immune-related AEs. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and other available sources were systematically searched for published reports up to January 1, 2019. Two reviewers independently selected reports about phase II/III randomized controlled trials to compare among ICIs and between ICIs and chemotherapy. After the bias assessment of all included trials, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. The primary outcomes were any-grade and high-grade treatment-related AEs from all ICIs. The secondary outcomes were AEs in patients with NSCLC and melanoma and the presence of the select AEs pneumonitis/pneumonia and colitis. Results: Eighteen randomized controlled trials containing 11,223 patients with NSCLC or melanoma were included. A total network meta-analysis was conducted. The meta-analysis showed that atezolizumab 1,200 mg and pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks were generally more tolerable than other ICIs. ICI combined with chemotherapy might suggest a higher risk of treatment-related AEs than monotherapy with a single ICI, except durvalumab and ipilimumab. In the NSCLC subgroup, pembrolizumab was associated with a higher risk of high-grade AEs than nivolumab. In addition, ICIs (nivolumab, atezolizumab, and avelumab) led to a lower risk of any/high-grade treatment-related AEs than traditional chemotherapy and ICI combination chemotherapy. However, ICIs did not present preferable safety and tolerability compared to chemotherapy in treating melanoma. Compared with chemotherapy, nivolumab, durvalumab, two ICIs, and ICI combined chemotherapy led to more pneumonitis/pneumonia. However, when treating NSCLC, different types of ICIs did not differ significantly regarding the incidence of pneumonitis/pneumonia. A combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab had the highest risk for colitis, while pembrolizumab and atezolizumab had a lower possibility than the other ICIs. Conclusion: Atezolizumab 1,200 mg and pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks were ordinarily safer than other ICIs. When treating NSCLC, nivolumab had the lowest risk; when treating melanoma, pembrolizumab had the lowest toxicity.
PLANNING FOR ESTABLISHING STEM EDUCATION DEPARTMENT WITHIN FACULTY OF EDUCATION - AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY AN INTERDISCIPLINARY MODEL

The goal of the Egyptian Ministry of Education is to establish twenty-seven STEM schools over the course of five years . Teachers lack adequate support, including appropriate professional development as well as interesting and intriguing curricula. There is a real problem faces the Ministry of Education, that is the qualified STEM education teachers, in the main time there is no an academic department of [STEM] Education in the Egyptian universities preparing STEM education teachers , provide appropriate professional development and expand and enhance STEM Education in Egypt in significant ways. The objective of this Study is to propose a plan to Establish a Department [STEM] Education within the Faculty of Education - Ain Shams University.
No correlation among expressed emotion, anxiety, stress and weight loss in patients with overweight and obesity

Background The onset of some types of obesity may correlate with specific familial relational patterns, and expressed emotion (EE), the family life’s ‘emotional temperature’, may play a role in obesity treatment compliance and outcome. Objective The aim of this study is to address the current gap in the literature about EE and obesity, assessing EE in a sample of patients with overweight or obesity and their relatives. A further objective is to assess patients’ weight loss, patients’ and relatives’ anxiety, perceived stress and their possible correlation with EE and diet compliance. Design A total of 220 patients with overweight or obesity and 126 relatives were recruited; their socio-demographic and clinical features were collected; and Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1 and 2 (STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2) and Paykel Scale of Stressful Life Events were administered. Results Patients’ baseline body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with educational level, but we failed to find any correlation between BMI and the other variables assessed. We found a positive correlation between EE median and stressful life events, as well as between median EE and state and trait anxiety. Conclusions Our results seem to suggest that other factors than the psychological ones we investigated may play a role in treatment adherence and outcome in patients with overweight and obesity.