Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Useless Actions Make a Difference: Strict Serializability of Database Updates

When several transactions read and write ~tems in a database, the question of consistency of the database arises. Consistency ~s maintained if transacUons are serial, the read and write acuons of a transacuon execute complete! y before the actions of the next transaction begin A particular history of interleaved read and write actions belonging to several transactions ~s correct if it ~s equivalent to a serial history. Since senahzablhty of hlstones is known to be NP-complete, subclasses of senahzable histories have been stu&ed. One such class consists of htstones senahzable in a strict sense, transacuons that are already m serial in a history must remain m the same relative order When there are no useless actions m a history, it is shown that strict sermlizabdity can be determined m polynomial time If useless actions are permitted, then strict serializabihty becomes NP-complete The above results apply to two-step transactions m which there ~s a read step followed by a wnte step Each step revolves some subset of the items m the database. W~th mulustep transactions stnct senahzabd~ty ~s NP-complete even ff there are no useless actions
Stability of expressed emotion in relatives of those with schizophrenia and its relationship with burden of care and perception of patients' social functioning

Background. There is evidence that high expressed emotion (EE) in relatives of patients with schizophrenia is associated with higher levels of burden of care, and with worse perception of patients' social functioning. However, it is not clear whether changes in EE levels over time are associated with changes in relatives' burden of care and their perception of patients' social functioning. Methods. Fifty patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 50 relatives were included in the study soon after patients' admission to hospital. Thirty-six relatives and 31 patients were re-assessed 9 months after patients' discharge. Both assessments included patients' symptomatology and relatives' EE levels, burden of care, and perception of patients' social functioning. Results. Twenty-three relatives (64%) had the same EE level in both assessments, nine (25%) had changed from high to low EE, and four (11%) from low to high EE. Improvement in burden and perception of patients' social role performance were significantly more accentuated among relatives who changed from high to low EE than among relatives who had a stable EE level. Variables that best predicted changes in EE levels were changes in burden scores and number of hours of contact between patients and relatives at follow-up. Conclusions. Change in EE is associated with change in circumstances and burden. Findings support the idea that EE is better understood in an integrative model.
Programming Data Structures in Logic

Current programming languages that are grounded in a formal logic--such as pure Lisp (based on the lambda calculus) and Prolog (based on Horn clause logic)--do not support the use of complex, pointer-based data structures. The lack of this important feature in logically grounded languages contrasts sharply with its strong support in the imperative programming languages that have enjoyed wide application, of which C is a prime example. Unfortunately, the formal methods for reasoning about imperative languages have not proved broadly useful for reasoning about programs that manipulate complex, pointer-based data structures. Between these two camps resides an open question: How can we verify programs involving complex, pointer-based data structures? This work gives an answer to this question. It describes a programming language in which a programmer can define logical predicates on data structures and pointers, and use these predicates to specify programs that manipulate complex, pointer-based data structures. These programs may dynamically allocate memory and destructively modify their arguments. This solution is grounded in two theoretical advances. (1) This work develops a first-order logic for data structures that formalizes the notions that are necessary for defining and reasoning about relationships between data structures, including notions such as the address of a data structure, pointer reference, reachability via pointer reference, and data structure overlap. (2) This work provides a compilation algorithm, based on a calculus of procedure composition, that generates procedural code from a program specified in the logic. Compilation is in the style of automatic programming, and relies on the programmer, using theorem proving tools, to verify assertions in the logic that are generated by the compilation algorithm.
Chemical synthesis of biologically active tat trans-activating protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Full-length (86-residue) polypeptide corresponding to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat trans-activating protein was chemically synthesized on a semiautomated apparatus, using an Fmoc amino acid continuous-flow strategy. The bulk material was relatively homogeneous, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, and it showed trans-activating activity when scrape loaded into cells containing a human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter plasmid. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography yielded a rather broad elution profile, and assays across the column for biological activity indicated a sharper peak. Thus, high-pressure liquid chromatography provided for enrichment of biological activity. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of synthetic tat identified several of the predicted tryptic peptides, consistent with accurate chemical synthesis.
Computational Algorithms Underlying the Time-Based Detection of Sudden Cardiac Arrest via Electrocardiographic Markers

Early detection of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is critical to prevent serious repercussion such as irreversible neurological damage and death. Currently, the most effective method involves analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) features obtained during ventricular fibrillation. In this study, data from 10 normal patients and 10 SCA patients obtained from Physiobank were used to statistically compare features, such as heart rate, R-R interval duration, and heart rate variability (HRV) features from which the HRV features were then selected for classification via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and linear and fine Gaussian support vector machines (SVM) in order to determine the ideal time-frame in which SCA can be accurately detected. The best accuracy was obtained at 2 and 8 min prior to SCA onset across all three classifiers. However, accuracy rates of 75–80% were also obtained at time-frames as early as 50 and 40 min prior to SCA onset. These results are clinically important in the field of SCA, as early detection improves overall patient survival.
Outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the testis by era of treatment: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the testis, and to assess the impact of changes in the therapeutic approach that have occurred over the years. We reviewed the medical records of 75 patients between 1964 and 2008. Factors analyzed included: age, clinical stage, B-symptoms, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β2-microglobulin, treatment received, and outcome. Immunophenotypic data were available for 43 cases, all of which showed B-cell lineage. On univariate analysis, stages III and IV (p = 0.042), elevated serum LDH (p = 0.014), B-symptoms (p = 0.003), and high-intermediate or high International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (p = 0.010) were associated with a significantly decreased overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The 5-year OS and PFS for patients after 2000, treated predominantly with R-CHOP, intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC), and scrotal radiotherapy (RT), were 86.6% and 59.3%, respectively. This is compared to 56.3% and 51.7%, respectively, for patients treated between 1977 and 1999 with doxorubicin based chemotherapy without rituximab, who were not uniformly treated with ITC. Patients treated prior to 1977 had an OS and PFS of 15.4% and 15.4%, respectively, and were not treated with doxorubicin based chemotherapy or ITC (p = 0.019 for OS and p = 0.138 for PFS). Advanced stage, elevated serum LDH, B-symptoms, and high IPI are poor prognostic markers. R-CHOP based chemotherapy with intrathecal chemotherapy and scrotal RT is associated with an improved OS.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Atypical Language Organization in Children Following Perinatal Left Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke1

We used verb generation and story listening tasks during fMRI to study language organization in children (7, 9 and 12 years old) with perinatal left MCA infarctions. Healthy, age-matched comparison children (n = 39) showed activation in left Broca's area during the verb generation task; in contrast, stroke subjects showed activation either bilaterally or in the right hemisphere homologue during both tasks. In Wernicke's area, comparison subjects showed left lateralization (verb generation) and bilateral activation (L > R) (story listening). Stroke subjects instead showed bilateral or right lateralization (verb generation) and bilateral activation (R > L) (story listening). Language is distributed atypically in children with perinatal left hemisphere stroke.
A wideband GaN Doherty amplifier with 35 % fractional bandwidth

A wideband Doherty amplifier designed and implemented in GaN HEMT technology using simple circuitry is reported. The usefulness of the conventional quarter-wave impedance transformer at the output of the main amplifier for achieving wideband Doherty performance up to 35 % fractional bandwidth is experimentally verified. This simplifies the bandwidth limitation problem of the Doherty amplifier into the wideband design of the main amplifier, peaking amplifier and the input power divider. Based on this, a wideband Doherty amplifier was designed to cover a bandwidth of 640 MHz, ranging from 1.5 GHz to 2.14 GHz. For instance, the designed Doherty amplifier achieved a 1 dB compression output power of P1dB = 43.8 dBm (24.1 W), with a maximum power-added efficiency of PAE = 69 % (drain efficiency of η = 76 %) at 1.9 GHz. At 6 dB output back-off from P1dB, a PAE of 45 % (η = 47 %) was measured. The designed Doherty amplifier also showed acceptable linearity when characterized with two-tone and single-carrier wideband code-division multiple access (W-CDMA) stimuli. To the best of authors' knowledge, this work introduces the most wideband Doherty amplifier published so far.
[Study on the molecular characteristic of natural infection of rodents with Hantaviruses in Shenzhen city].

OBJECTIVE In order to investigate Hantavirus (HV) infection of captured rodents and to understand the genotypes and the molecular characteristic of Hantaviruses in Shenzhen. METHODS The captured rodents were classified and the density of distribution was calculated. A total of 472 animals were captured, among which Rattus norvegicus was the dominant group. The total viral RNA was extracted from the lung tissues positive with HV antigens by immunofluorescent assay and gene sequence of M fragment was amplified with RT-nested-PCR by using the Hantavirus genotype specific primers. The amplified genes were then sequenced, and subjected to genotyping and homology analysis. RESULTS The results of genotype analysis showed that the Hantaviruses taken from twenty-one lung specimens in Rattus norvegicus in Shenzhen city belonged to the Hantavirus type II (SEOV). Results in homology analysis suggested that the homology among twenty-one samples should be rather high with 95.4% of nucleotide sequence identity and they belonged to the same subtype. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they were branched into at least six different lineages, and were highly homologized with SZ2083. We also found that these virus strains had not shown more highly homology of nucleotide sequence in nearest district, whereas revealed consistency in farther district. CONCLUSION The major hosts of Hantaviruses in Shenzhen city were Rattus norvegicus and the epidemic strains were genotyped as SEO-type. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence from different rodents were highly homologous, while nucleotide mutation had also been observed. Further studies are required to explore the possible viruses' sequence mutation.
Deuterium post metal annealing of MOSFETs for improved hot carrier reliability

Summary form only given. Low temperature post-metallization anneals in hydrogen ambients are critical to CMOS fabrication technologies in reducing Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface trap charge densities by hydrogen passivation. While this process improves device function by passivating the otherwise electrically active interface traps, it sets the stage for subsequent hot electron degradation. We have recently demonstrated an alternative process where the anneal ambient is deuterium. It was shown that the hot carrier reliability (lifetime) of NMOS transistors annealed in a deuterium ambient increases by an order of magnitude compared with those devices annealed in hydrogen. The idea of using deuterium instead of hydrogen was in part inspired by experiments in which a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to stimulate the desorption of hydrogen or deuterium from Si
Throughput-Delay Performance of Interconnected CSMA Local Area Networks

The interconnection of two local area networks, each of which connects a large population of users via a carrier-sense multipleaccess (CSMA) channel is considered. In each network, a bridge node receives internetwork packets from the local users and forwards them to the bridge node of the other network via a point-to-point link; the bridge node of the destination network queues these internetwork packets for subsequent broadcasting to the local users. For the multiplexing of the user transmissions and the bridge node transmissions on the available broadcast channel in each network, frequency division, and contention are considered. The throughput-delay characteristics of the interconnected system operating under the above multiplexing techniques are found and comparisons are made. It is shown that contention multiplexing can yield system performance comparable to that of frequency division multiplexing, while requiring no hardware or software modification of either network in the interconnected system.
Design and Analysis of an External-Rotor Internal-Stator Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Small Wind Turbine Application by Fem

In this paper, a time stepping 2D and 3D FEM is performed for modeling and analysis external rotor DFIG . The finite element method currently represents the state-of-the-art in the numerical magnetic field computation relating to electrical machines. FEM is a numerical method to solve the partial differential equations (PDE) that expresses the physical quantities of interest, in this case Maxwell’s equations. This will result in a more accurate result compared to analytical modeling, which can be regarded as a simplification of the PDE. FEM analysis is used for transient mode, magnetic field calculation, the magnetic flux density and vector potential of machine is obtained. In this model we including, non linear material characteristics, eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics, ambient temperature effect and magnetic analysis are investigated using MAXWELL program. With this program, the components of the DFIG can be calculated with high accuracy.
Predicting Short Term Company Performance by Applying Sentiment Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms on Social Media

This paper reports about research into the use of sentiment analysis on social media in order to predict a company’s short term performance. As a measure for the short term performance, the stock price of a company is used. The sentiment is extracted from a large corpus of tweets mentioning twenty large companies and a few techniques of extracting sentiment are reviewed. We find that for sentiment analysis a Naive Bayes classifier trained with data very similar to the corpus performs best. We use the Naive Bayes classifier to extract the sentiment from tweets. Together with the stock prices of twenty companies, we train various supervised machine learning models. We find that there is a combination of data where the accuracy of a classifier is 65,5%, but most other cases appear to be as bad as an algorithm that classifies randomly.
Association of Intraocular Pressure Changes With Right Ventricular Diameter and Brain Natriuretic Peptide in a Case of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Purpose:To report a case of secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the relationship of intraocular pressure (IOP) change with right ventricular diameter (RVD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Methods:Case report. Patient:A 22-year-old woman with dilated and congested conjunctival and episcleral veins was diagnosed with high IOP. She was previously diagnosed with Sjögren syndrome and suffered from secondary PAH. Results:The RVD and BNP level improved and the IOP decreased with routine treatment for PAH. During self-cessation of treatment for PAH, the RVD, BNP level, and IOP deteriorated. However, they improved after treatment was reinitiated. Conclusion:There was a synchronizing change in the parameters representing high pulmonary arterial pressure and IOP during treatment of PAH.
Experimental Evidence of Sidewall Enhanced Transport Properties of Mesa-Isolated (001) Germanium-On-Insulator pMOSFETs

In this brief, the hole transport properties of narrow-width germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) pMOSFETs are investigated. We report, for the first time, +65% low-field hole mobility enhancement in narrow-width (0.29-mum effective width<i>W</i> <sub>eff</sub>) versus large-width (10- mum <i>W</i> <sub>eff</sub>) GeOI mesa-isolated devices. The observed enhancement, which is independent of the device length down to 90 nm, is attributed to improved sidewall transport properties resulting in higher hole mobility on the sides than on the top of the devices. At high inversion charge density <i>N</i> <sub>inv</sub>~ 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>, + 55% hole effective mobility improvement is preserved. The top and side low-field mobilities ( mu<sub>top</sub> and mu<sub>side</sub>, respectively) were extracted, showing + 90% mobility improvement at the sides (mu<sub>top</sub> = 125 cm<sup>2</sup>/V middots<sup>-1</sup> and mu<sub>side</sub>= 240 cm<sup>2</sup>/V middots<sup>-1</sup>).
A sequential AC/DC power flow algorithm for networks containing Multi-terminal VSC HVDC systems

In this paper, a sequential AC/DC power flow algorithm is proposed to solve networks containing Multi-terminal Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC MTDC) systems. In VSC HVDC technology, the converter losses add up to a significant fraction of the overall system losses. However, they are often neglected or not taken into account in a proper manner in VSC HVDC power flows. The algorithm put forward in this paper takes the converter losses into account using a generalized converter loss model. The converter steady state equations are derived in their most general format, with the AC network power injections as controlled quantities. It is shown that correctly defining the power setpoints with respect to the system bus instead of the converter bus, as is often done to simplify calculations, requires additional iterative calculations. The DC system modelling method proposed in this paper does not impose any restriction on the HVDC grid topology. A VSC MTDC power flow solver is incorporated into MATPOWER to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Metanil yellow impairs the estrous cycle physiology and ovarian folliculogenesis in female rats

Metanil yellow (MY) is a most frequently used food color in West Bengal, India. The toxic effects of MY on the male reproductive system have been reported discriminately in animal models. The probable toxic effects of MY on female reproductive functions have not been reported till date. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of MY on estrous cycle rhythmicity and ovarian folliculogenesis in female rats. Rats have been exposed to MY at three doses of 250, 500, 750 mg kgBW−1 day−1 for two exposure durations, 20 and 30 days. We observed significant changes in the number and duration of estrous cycle along with prominent cytoarchitectural changes in the cellular characteristics of vaginal smear of component phases of estrous cycle in a dose and duration‐dependent manner in MY‐treated rats compared to control rats. We also observed a significant decrease in serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol levels in MY‐treated rats. Further, the activities of some antioxidants enzymes in brain tissues of MY‐treated rats were significantly decreased and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in brain tissues of MY‐treated rats was also significantly increased. The ovarian folliculogenesis in this study was also significantly impaired in MY‐treated rats. In conclusion, MY impairs the estrous cycle and ovarian folliculogenesis in female rats by inhibiting the secretion of FSH and estradiol from the ovary, and inducing the oxidative stress in hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2057–2067, 2016.