Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tomographic-quality phase calibration via phase center double localization

In this paper we propose a strategy for phase calibrating repeat-pass Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for tomographic applications. The problem is tackled by observing that multi-baseline data provide equations enough to jointly estimate aircraft and target positions, up to a rototranslation of the coordinate system used for representing the imaged scene. Such a rototranslation is shown to correspond to the forward operator null space, which can be accounted for in order to project the results in the desired coordinate frame. Volumetric scatterers are treated by exploiting the Phase Linking algorithm, which allows to represent them as equivalent phase centers. Results are shown from synthetic data and real SAR data acquired over snow and ice.
UK survey confirms link between deprivation and smoking

A new analysis from the Office for National Statistics confirms the strong association between the prevalence of smoking and levels of deprivation in England. Men and women living in the most deprived areas of England were more than twice as likely to smoke as those living in the wealthiest areas, the analysis found.1 The analysis, which used data from …
Drug treatment of epilepsy in adults

Epilepsy is a serious, potentially life shortening brain disorder, the symptoms of which can be successfully treated in most patients with one or more antiepileptic drug. About two in three adults with new onset epilepsy will achieve lasting seizure remission on or off these drugs, although around half will experience mild to moderately severe adverse effects. Patients with epilepsy, especially the 20-30% whose seizures are not fully controlled with available drugs (drug resistant epilepsy), have a significantly increased risk of death, as well as psychiatric and somatic comorbidities, and adverse effects from antiepileptic drugs. Newer drugs have brought more treatment options, and some such as levetiracetam cause fewer drug interactions and less hypersensitivity than older ones. However, they do not reduce the prevalence of drug resistant epilepsy or prevent the development of epilepsy in patients at high risk, such as those with a traumatic brain injury. The development of antiepileptic drugs urgently needs to be revitalized so that we can discover more effective antiseizure drugs for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy, including catastrophic forms. Antiepileptogenic agents to prevent epilepsy before the first seizure in at risk patients and disease modifying agents to control ongoing severe epilepsy associated with progressive underlying disease are also needed.
Coherent multidimensional optical spectroscopy of excitons in molecular aggregates; quasiparticle versus supermolecule perspectives.

Molecular aggregates are abundant in nature; they form spontaneously in concentrated solutions and on surfaces and can be synthesized by supramolecular chemistry techniques.1-3 Assemblies of chromophores play important roles in many biological processes such as light-harvesting and primary * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: smukamel@uci.edu. † University of California Irvine. ‡ Universität Würzburg. § Charles University. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2350–2408 2350
Novel syntheses of azetidines and azetidinones.

2.1. 5. Electrophilic Attack on CdC 3994 2.1. 6. NH Insertions in Diazo Compounds 3994 2.1. 7. Pd Catalyzed Cyclizations 3994 2.2. Cyclizations by C-C Bond formation 3995 2.2.1. Nucleophilic Displacement of Halides 3995 2.2.2. Cyclizations Involving CdO Group 3995 2.3. Cycloadditions 3996 2.4. Ring Rearrangements 3997 2.4. 1. Rearrangements of Four-Membered Rings 3997 2.4. 2. Rearrangements of Larger Rings 3998 2.5. Reduction of Azetidin-2-ones 3998 2.6. Miscellaneous Syntheses 3999 2.7. Important Classes of Compounds 4000 2.7. 1. Natural Products 4000 2.7. 2. Azetidine Carboxylic Acids 4001 2.7. 3. Exomethylene Azetidines 4002 2.7. 4. Ligands for Metal-Catalyzed Reactions and Chiral Auxiliaries 4003
Advances in functional brain imaging technology and developmental neuro-psychology: their applications in the Jungian analytic domain.

Analytical psychology shares with many other psychotherapies the important task of repairing the consequences of developmental trauma. The majority of analytic patients come from compromised early developmental backgrounds: they may have experienced neglect, abuse, or failures of empathic resonance from their carers. Functional brain imagery techniques including Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG), and functional Magnetic Resonance Imagery (fMRI), allow us to track mental processes in ways beyond verbal reportage and introspection. This independent perspective is useful for developing new psychodynamic hypotheses, testing current ones, providing diagnostic markers, and monitoring treatment progress. Jung, with the Word Association Test, grasped these principles 100 years ago. Brain imaging techniques have contributed to powerful recent advances in our understanding of neurodevelopmental processes in the first three years of life. If adequate nurturance is compromised, a range of difficulties may emerge. This has important implications for how we understand and treat our psychotherapy clients. The paper provides an overview of functional brain imaging and advances in developmental neuropsychology, and looks at applications of some of these findings (including neurofeedback) in the Jungian psychotherapy domain.
Examination of Treatment Episodes Among Women and Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Addiction Treatment

Women and racial and ethnic minorities face significant challenges to successfully completing substance abuse treatment. There is limited knowledge about factors that affect women and minorities' treatment careers over several treatment episodes. Survival Cox regression was used to model time and episodes to treatment completion. Using multiyear (2006–2009) data, the sample consisted of 52,799 clients from 276 treatment programs in Los Angeles County, California. Findings supported the role of homelessness and mental health status and their association with more episodes to complete treatment. Results also showed that the rate of completion was 41% lower among African Americans and 17% lower among Latinos compared to Whites. With each additional treatment episode, the rate of treatment completion increased by 73% for all groups. Compared to minorities, Whites and men were more likely to complete treatment throughout their treatment career trajectories. Implications for social work interventions to enhance treatment adherence and reduce disparities are discussed.
Transmission of infectious diseases from internationally adopted children to their adoptive families.

Internationally adopted children may suffer from different pathologies, including infectious diseases contracted in the country of origin. We evaluated the frequency of infectious diseases that may disseminate from adoptees to adoptive families on their arrival in France. All children who attended the clinic for international adoption in Clermont-Ferrand from January 2009 through to December 2011 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Standardized medical records dedicated to international adoption were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, clinical diagnosis, and biological and radiological results. Data were completed by phone interviews with adoptive families after informed consent. One hundred and forty-two medical records were retrospectively reviewed and 86% of families agreed to be interviewed. One hundred and seventy-one potentially transmissible infections were diagnosed in 142 children, 12% (n = 20) of which were transmitted to adoptive families. Most of these infections were benign and transmission was restricted to the close family. Tinea was diagnosed in 44 adoptees and transmitted in 15 cases. Panton Valentine leukocidin producing methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was transmitted to an adoptive father who required hospitalization for bursitis. Transmission also occurred for CMV (n = 1), hepatitis A (n = 1), giardiasis (n = 1), scabies (n = 1), Moluscum (n = 2) and pediculosis (n = 2). Two cases of chronic hepatitis B and latent tuberculosis were diagnosed without subsequent transmission. In conclusion, infectious diseases are common in internationally adopted children and should be detected shortly after arrival to avoid transmission.
Design of clone-specific probes from genome sequences for rapid PCR-typing of outbreak pathogens.

The genome sequence of one OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to sequence type (ST) 405, and three belonging to ST11, were used to design and test ST-specific PCR assays for typing OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae. The approach proved to be useful for in-house development of rapid PCR typing assays for local outbreak surveillance.
Confidence intervals, P values, and statistical significance

The efficacy of nicotine patches in pregnant women who smoked was investigated using a randomised placebo controlled trial. The intervention was the administration of 16 hour nicotine patches until the time of delivery. Participants were pregnant women over 18 years who smoked at least five cigarettes a day and whose babies were between 12 and 20 weeks’ gestation. In total, 402 women were recruited from 23 maternity wards throughout France. Participants were randomised to the intervention (n=203) or placebo patches (n=199). 1 The outcome measures included achievement of complete abstinence until delivery and birth weight. Complete abstinence was achieved by 5.5% (n=11) of women in the nicotine patch group and 5.1% (n=10) in the placebo group (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 2.60). The mean birth weight was higher in the nicotine patch group (3065 (standard error 44 g) v 3015 g (44 g); difference 50 g, −71.1 to 172.3). Which of the following statements, if any, are true? Statements b and c are true, whereas a is false. The odds ratio comparing the intervention group with the placebo group in smoking abstinence until delivery was 1.08 (0.45 to 2.60), whereas mean birth …
Spectral-spatial classification based on integrated segmentation

A new spectral-spatial method for the classification of hyperspectral images is introduced. The proposed approach is based on two segmentation methods, Fractional-Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization and Mean Shift Segmentation and one clustering method, K-means. In parallel, the input data set is classified by Support Vector Machines (SVM). Furthermore, the result of the segmentation and clustering steps are combined with the result of SVM through majority voting within each object. The final classification map is made by using majority voting between three produced classification maps. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can significantly improve SVM and other studied methods in terms of accuracies.
Polarimetric scattering topic model for Pol-SAR image annotation

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level max-margin discriminative analysis (M3DA) framework, where the maximum entropy discrimination latent Dirichlet Allocation (MedLDA) model is introduced, for semantic annotation task of high-resolution polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image. In our framework, low-level intrinsic feature description is represented from polarimetric scattering signature by spherical local embedding (SLE); Based on polarimetric bag of words representation (PBOW), word-level and topic-level max-margin discrimination are achieved by SVM and MedLDA respectively. Moreover, the large margin nearest neighbor (LMNN) classifier takes another important part in the M3DA, since it can optimize a joint soft label posterior composed of word-level and topic-level discriminative probability. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed polarimetric topic model in multilevel semantics scheme can capture a suitable mid-level representation for complex target polarimetric scattering and improve the annotation performance.
Compressive sensing of multispectral image based on PCA and Bregman split

We reconstruct the multispectral image based on compressive sensing theory. Both spatial domain regularization and transform domain regularization are employed in the proposed objective function. Bregman split method is used to optimize the proposed objective function. In order to making use of the correlation features between different channels of multispectral image, principal component analysis (PCA) is introduced into the shrinkage step of the spatial domain regularization. For further enhance the performance of CS reconstruction, the similarity of wavelet coefficients between different channels are also explored in the shrinkage step of transform domain. We compare the proposed method with some other methods. Experiments validate the better performances of the proposed method, and it is attributed to combine two regularizations and employ the spectral correlation between channels.
Compressed texton based sorted visual words co-occurrence matrix for high resolution remote sensing imagery classifcation

A novel, simple, yet effective texture extraction method for high resolution remote sensing imagery classification based on visual words co-occurrence matrix is proposed in this paper. First, Local texture is represented by compressed texton learned from raw image patch with a sorting scheme and random projection. Then the sorted visual words co-occurrence matrix obtained with dictionary learning and nearest neighbor encoding is used for representing global texture. Finally, the support vector machine is applied for classification. Two imagery from Pavia city of Italy with public ground truth dataset are used in our experiments. The results show that the proposed method is effective and outperforms other existing methods.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF STREPTOCOCCUS

Rabbits immunized with filtrates of cultures of hemolytic streptococcus from erysipelas show cutaneous allergy. Two periods of allergy have been observed, an early and a late phase. The earliest reactions occurring in the first period of allergy can be neutralized with erysipelas immune sera. The rash of scarlet fever and the Dick reaction are apparently allergic reactions to products of Streptococcus scarlatinæ.
What is publication bias in a meta-analysis?

Researchers undertook a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, including eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem. Randomised controlled trials were included if they were double blind, placebo controlled, and had parallel treatment groups. Participants were adults with primary insomnia (transient or chronic). The main outcomes were polysomnographic and subjective measurements of sleep latency.1 Thirteen trials were eligible for inclusion. When the results of the trials were combined, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics showed a significant improvement (reduction) in the main outcome of polysomnographic sleep latency compared with placebo (weighted mean raw difference −22.0 minutes, 95% confidence interval −33.0 to −11.0). Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics showed a small improvement in subjective sleep latency although the change was not significant (−6.9 minutes, −26.0 to 12.4). Improvements in sleep latency did not vary between individual hypnotics. The researchers also reported that Egger’s test showed no evidence that the results were significantly affected by publication bias. Which of the following, if any, would have resulted in publication bias?
Phocomelia: The Clinical Manifestation, Classification and Surgical Treatment of Korean Patients with Phocomelia

Purpose: Phocomelia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the upper extremity. There have been no clinical reports about phocomlia in Korea except for five birth reports. We present here the clinical features, classifications and surgical treatments of our phocomelia cases. Materials and Methods: From January 1993 to August 2007, seven patients were diagnosed as having phocomelia in 9 upper extremities at our clinic. Surgical treatments were performed for five patients on their hand anomalies. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiographs of our cases, and we tried to classify them by the previously suggested systems. We evaluated the functional improvement and measured the VAS scale for parental satisfaction with the operative outcomes. Results: We could not find any problems during the fetal periods or any hereditary features. The bilaterally-affected patients also had deformities of the lower extremity, while the unilaterally-affected patients did not. We couldn't classify our cases according to the Frantz and O'Rahilly system. We found that the classifications suggested by Tytherleigh-Strong and Hooper (2003) and Goldfarb et al. (2005) could be promising alternatives for classification. One upper extremity was classified as type A, one as type B, and 7 as type C by Tytherleigh-Strong and Hooper’s system. Using the Goldfarb’s system, two upper extremities were classified as proximal radial longitudinal dysplasia, and seven were classified as proximal ulnar longitudinal dysplasia. Three patients who underwent pollicization showed opposition and tip pinch. Two patients who underwent syndactyly division could do lateral pinch. The VAS scale for parental satisfaction with the functional improvement averaged 8.2 postoperatively. Conclusion: The bilateral cases had different clinical features from unilateral ones. Phocomelia could not simply be classified by the Frantz and O'Rahilly system, and it may not be a true transverse intercalary deficiency. We could gain functional improvement after operations on the hand anomalies.
Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease

Publications involving the clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease were plentiful in 1993. Greater understanding was made in the diagnosis, etiology, and natural history of disease. Specifically, a newer diagnostic technique of technetium-labeled leukocyte scanning appeared to be as accurate with lower radiation exposure than other nuclear medicine alternatives. Etiologically, work continued on two fronts. Genetic studies demonstrated homogenous groups within these heterogenous diseases, groups that may share etiologic, prognostic, and therapeutic advantages. Also, promising work continued the search for the infectious agents responsible for inflammatory bowel disease. Prognosis in patients with ulcerative colitis appears to be directly related to extent of disease at diagnosis. Inroads were made in finding some of the genetic mutations responsible for neoplastic transformation and cancer-related motility reduction through either risk factor intervention or surveillance of high-risk patients remained an area of considerable interest. Despite these insights, this year's literature seemed to uncover more questions than were answered.
Prolonged Survival of Porcine Hepatocytes in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Background & Aims: Management of patients with liver failure can be a significant medical challenge, and transplantation of the liver is the only definitive therapy. Whole liver allotransplantation is limited by a shortage of human donors and the risks of the surgery in those most ill. Transplants consisting of xenogeneic hepatocytes might overcome these problems, and work in rodents indicates that such transplants can correct some metabolic deficiencies and can prevent the complications and mortality associated with hepatic failure. As a prelude to clinical application, we tested the feasibility of hepatocyte xenotransplantation in nonhuman primates. Methods: One to 2 billion hepatocytes from outbred swine were transplanted into the spleens of cynomolgus monkeys using conventional immunosuppression to control rejection. Duration of graft function was determined based on assay for porcine albumin. Results: Following a single infusion, xenogeneic hepatocytes functioned for more than 80 days and, following re-transplantation, for more than 253 days. Engraftment in the spleen was confirmed 40 days after transplantation by asialoglycoprotein receptor-directed nuclear scanning. The humoral immune response to the transplanted porcine cells had no discernible impact on the survival of the grafts. Conclusions: Xenotransplantation of hepatocytes should be explored as a readily available, minimally invasive form of therapy for hepatic failure.
The Relationship between Frailty and Health-Related Quality of Life among Korean Elderly

Background: Verifying the effect of frailty on health-related quality of life may help us better understand the impact of frailty. The present study explored the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life in community-dwelling Korean elderly. Methods: Older adults aged 65 years or older recruited by judgment sampling of the population of Seocho-gu in Seoul were surveyed in 2011. The Korean frailty index measure developed by the Korean Geriatric Society was used as the outcome variable. Proportional odds model was used to evaluate the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and frailty. Results: We found that, after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, being prefrail or frail significantly increased the proportional odds for lowering health-related quality of life than being nonfrail. In addition, of the five components of healthrelated quality of life, the magnitude of the adverse effects of frailty on HRQoL was largest for pain/discomfort, with anxiety/depression being the second largest. Conclusion: Compared to persons who are not frail, older Korean individuals identified as frail and prefrail exhibit significantly lower HRQoL scores. This association between Korean frailty measures and the generic measure of the HRQoL may offer new information to better understand frailty within its broader context.
Analysis of a Rigid Frame Model of Porous Media for the Acoustic Properties of Dense Snow

Abstract Acoustic impedances of dense snow samples have been measured with the two-microphone impedance measurement tube method developed by Chung and Blaser [1]. The parameters ( h , k , R ) of the rigid frame model proposed by Zwikker and Kosten [2] were used successfully by Buser [3] for rather snow ( p ≤ 400 kg/m 3 ). However, for dense snow, the measurements indicate a great deviation from theory, especially for high frequencies. This difference is not reduced by using the new parameter λ app (apparent thermal conductivity) introduced by Zwikker and Kosten for a granular medium (see reference [2], pp. 25–48).
Urban area object-based classification by fusion of hyperspectral and LiDAR data

This research presents a novel strategy for hyperspectral and LiDAR data fusion to generate accurate LC/LU maps with object based classification method. Unlike conventional object-based strategies (hierarchical and multilevel models), in the proposed method, classification has been performed in an iterative Segmentation-Classification-Merging (SCM) process. In each iteration, image objects are extracted by using their spectral, height, geometric and class-related characteristics based on data availability, class importance and higher extraction capability. Results indicate great overall accuracy of 97.33% and a kappa coefficient of 0.9710.