Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Boredom Affect Risk Preferences?

Previous literature and conventional wisdom have led researchers to believe that boredom increases economic risk taking, but the evidence in support of this conclusion is limited and has important shortcomings. In four experiments (including more than 1,300 participants), we systematically studied the effects of boredom on economic risk preferences. Across different risk elicitation tasks, boredom inductions, incentive schemes, subject pools, and using both reduced form and structural analyses, we consistently failed to find an effect of boredom on risky decisions. Using Bayesian techniques, we find substantial evidence in each of our four experiments in support of a zero effect of boredom on economic risk taking. Our results question an important established belief and have substantial implications for economic experiments.
Toward a Green Secure Relay System for Mission-Critical IoT: Hybrid Duplex Relay Selection and Resource Allocation in the Finite Block Length Regime

In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of a relay system toward secure and green mission-critical Internet of Things, in the finite block length regime, which was hardly considered in the literature. Closed-form expressions for statistical secrecy throughput of full-duplex (FD) and half-duplex (HD) relay systems are respectively derived and verified by simulation results. To maximize the secrecy throughput derived, joint optimization of block length and transmit powers at source and relay is conducted, and a hybrid duplex relay selection (HyDRS) scheme is also proposed, where a relay out of multiple candidates and its duplex mode is selected. Simulation results demonstrate the following findings. a) Together with the HyD relaying scheme, the proposed joint power allocation and block length adaptation scheme achieves much higher secrecy throughput than the conventional sole FD/HD mode relay systems. b) With the proposed HyDRS scheme, a higher degree of freedom in transmission is achieved than the single relay candidate scenario, leading to higher secrecy throughput and energy efficiency. c) It is revealed that increasing block length or transmit power may not always make a positive contribution to secrecy throughput and energy efficiency.
submitter : Characterization of the n_TOF EAR-2 neutron beam

The experimental area 2 (EAR-2) at CERNs neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF), which is operational since 2014, is designed and built as a short-distance complement to the experimental area 1 (EAR-1). The Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (PPAC) monitor experiment was performed to characterize the beam pro↓le and the shape of the neutron 'ux at EAR-2. The prompt γ-flash which is used for calibrating the time-of-flight at EAR-1 is not seen by PPAC at EAR-2, shedding light on the physical origin of this γ-flash.
Health Belief Model pada Perilaku Merokok Menurut Tingkat Pendapatan

Perilaku merokok yang dilakukan dapat ditinjau dari teori Health Belief Model (HBM) . Salah satu faktor yang menimbulkan perilaku merokok adalah faktor demografis seperti kelas sosial yang salah satunya adalah tingkat pendapatan. Empat dimensi utama dalam HBM yaitu perceived severity, perceived susceptibility yang merupakan representasi individu terhadap persepsi ancaman, kemudian perceived barriers , perceived benefits yang merupakan evaluasi perilaku individu, sehingga empat dimensi tersebut dapat menjelaskan mengapa seseorang melakukan atau tidak melakukan perilaku sehat. Penelitian melibatkan 80 partisipan pendapatan rendah maupun sangat tinggi dengan menggunakan teknik survey. Analisa data dilakukan dengan uji regresi linear berganda. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah FTND untuk mengukur tingkat ketergantungan akan nikotin atau rokok dan HBM-CS untuk mengukur empat dimensi dari HBM. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa HBM berpengaruh secara simultan pada perilaku merokok perokok tingkat pendapatan sangat tinggi dan HBM tidak berpengaruh secara simultan pada perilaku merokok perokok tingkat pendapatan rendah.
Shading and Masking of PV Collectors on Horizontal and Sloped Planes Facing South and North—A Comparative Study

With the increase in PV system installations, the available free land and rooftops for these systems may become scarcer, and therefore sloped fields facing the north may be utilized for that purpose. In deployments of PV collectors in multiple rows, either on horizontal or sloped planes, the second and subsequent rows are subject to two effects: shading and masking. Both effects reduce the electric energy generated by the PV systems. Multiple rows of collectors are deployed on horizontal planes and on sloped planes facing south, and literature on the topic has been published. No literature deals analytically with deployments of PV fields on north-facing slopes in the northern hemisphere, to the best of our knowledge. The present study develops explicit analytical expressions for the shadow height and length cast on a collector row by a row in front in multiple-row PV systems installed on slopes facing north. In addition, analytical expressions are developed for row spacing and sky view factors, altogether leading consequently to the determination of shading and masking losses. Having the developed expressions, a comparison was made between PV deployments on north-facing sloped planes to PV deployments on horizontal and south-facing slopes regarding shading and masking losses. The main finding is that the percentage of masking losses (diffuse radiation) may exceed the percentage of shading losses (beam radiation) in PV fields. At the local site 32∘ N, collector inclination angle β=25∘ and sloped-plane ε=10∘, for example, the percentage of masking losses for a horizontal plane is 6.90%; for a sloped plane facing south, the losses are 5.39%, and for a sloped plane facing north, the losses are 6.86%. In comparison to the masking losses, the percentage of shading losses for the horizontal plane is 0.83%; for the sloped plane facing south, the losses are 0.42%, and for the sloped plane facing north, the losses are 1.37%.
Why is the perceptual octave stretched? An account based on mismatched time constants within the auditory brainstem

This paper suggests an explanation for listeners’ greater tolerance to positive than negative mistuning of the higher tone within an octave pair. It hypothesizes a neural circuit tuned to cancel the lower tone, that also cancels the higher tone if that tone is in tune. Imperfect cancellation is the cue to mistuning of the octave. The circuit involves two neural pathways, one delayed with respect to the other, that feed a coincidence-sensitive neuron via excitatory and inhibitory synapses. A mismatch between the time constants of these two synapses results in an asymmetry in sensitivity to mismatch. Specifically, if the time constant of the delayed pathway is greater than that of the direct pathway, there is a greater tolerance to positive mistuning than to negative mistuning. The model is directly applicable to the harmonic octave (concurrent tones), but extending it to the melodic octave (successive tones) requires additional assumptions that are discussed. The paper reviews evidence from auditory psychophysics and physiology in favor – or against – this explanation.
Effect of temperature and single event transient on crosstalk in coupled single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects

Although they have better electrical and thermal properties, thermal issues have become an important challenge to design modern integrated circuits with single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects. The equivalent RLC model for SWCNT bundle interconnect is analyzed. Based on the proposed circuit for single event crosstalk (SEC), the influences of the length of line, nanotube diameter, metallic nanotube ratio, and technology node on SEC at different temperatures are studied. The potential impact mechanisms are also discussed. The simulation results show that, compared with one in copper line, peak voltage and pulse width of SEC in SWCNT interconnect are reduced by an average of 23.7% and 8.8%, respectively. The larger the diameter of SWCNT is or the more the ratio of metallic SWCNT is, the weaker the effect of SEC will be. With the increase of the length of line, the crosstalk effect will increase. The pulse width of SEC is more sensitive to the temperature when the length of line is longer. However, the peak voltage is more sensitive to the temperature when the length of line is shorter. As the technology node shrinks from 21 nm to 9.5 nm, the noise area of SEC increases from 0.55 V•ns to 1.89 V•ns, which results in that the crosstalk action time increases significantly.
Endogenous reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide have opposite roles in regulating HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic astrocytes

Ischemic stroke results in cerebral tissue hypoxia and increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is critically implicated in ischemic brain injury. Understanding the mechanisms of HIF-1alpha regulation in the ischemic brain has been an important research focus. The generation of both nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased under hypoxic/ischemic conditions and each of them has been independently shown to regulate HIF-1alpha expression. In this study, we investigated the cross-effects of NO and ROS on the expression of HIF-1alpha in hypoxic astrocytes. Exposure of astrocytes to 2 h-hypoxia remarkably increased HIF-1alpha protein levels, which was accompanied by increased NO and ROS production. Decreasing ROS with NAC, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI, or SOD mimetic MnTMPyP decreased hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation and increased NO level in hypoxic astrocytes. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME inhibited ROS generation, which led to a reduction in hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein expression. Although NOS inhibitor or ROS scavengers alone reduced HIF-1alpha protein levels, the reduction was reversed when NOS inhibitor and ROS scavenger present together. The NO scavenger PTIO increased hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein expression and ROS production, while HIF-1alpha protein level was decreased in the presence of NO scavenger and ROS scavenger together. These results suggest that ROS, NO, and their interaction critically contribute to the regulation of hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, our results indicate that hypoxia-induced NO generation may represent an endogenous mechanism for balancing ROS-mediated hypoxic stress, as reflected by inhibiting hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation.
A Ni(salen)‐Based Metal–Organic Framework: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Performance for CO2 Cycloaddition with Epoxides

A three-dimensional (3D) chiral metal-organic framework [Cd2(Ni(salen))(DMF)3]*4DMF*7H2O (1) based on a new enantiopure tetracarboxyl-functionalized metallosalen Ni(H4salen) [where H6salen is (R,R)-N,N′-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-(3,5-dicarboxybenzyl)salicylidene)-1,2-diphenylethylenediame], has been synthesized and characterized by Infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. In 1, the dinuclear Cd2 cluster [Cd2(COO)4(DMF)3] as node is cross-linked by four isophthalate groups on salen ligands, forming a 2D lamellar structure, which are further linked by Ni(salen) into the 3D network with 1D open channel (∼7.0 × 8.0 A2) along a axis. On account of its porosity, Lewis acid sites and moderate uptake for CO2, 1 can be used as an efficiently heterogeneous catalyst for the CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides under relatively mild conditions. Moreover, the bulky epoxide shows a decrease in the activity with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the substrate due to the confinement effect of 1, showing size-dependent selectivity.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Airbnb and Housing Market Dynamics in Warsaw

In this study, we analyse the impact of COVID-19 on house rents and prices in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Hedonic indexes indicate a slight increase in prices (ca. 1.2%) and a substantial drop in long-term rents (ca. -7.7%) between March 2020 and December 2020. The largest decline in rents occurred in centrally located neighbourhoods, which was largely due to the inflow of new housing supply from the short-term rental market (the Airbnb Warsaw market shrank by almost 30% in December 2020 y/y). Using hedonic methods, we show the effect of the shrinking Airbnb market on the drop in long-term rents. The study indicates the elasticity of rents with respect to Airbnb supply, with a 1% change in Airbnb listings leading to a 0.031% change in rents.
Asymmetrical Microchannel Emulsification Plates for Production of Small‐Sized Monodispersed Emulsion Droplets

Monodispersed emulsion droplets have promising advantages in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In this study, we fabricated the new microchannel emulsification (MCE) plate (model; WMS 8-4) with 176, 176 circular asymmetric through-holes. WMS 8-4 comprised of a series of discrete 12.6 × 1.8 µm outlets on each microchannel line with effective cross-sectional area of 1 cm2. The inner diameter of each circular microhole was 1.8 µm. The newly fabricated MCE plate has capacity to produce monodispersed emulsion droplets with Sauter mean diameter of 3.9 μm with relative span factor of 0.15.
The effect of laser (384 nm) irradiation of a Lewis lung carcinoma on the tumor volume and the formation of metastases

© V.A. Kanevskyi, S.P. Osinskyi , V.M. Pushkarev, 2017 Lasers are widely used in medicine, including the treatment of cancer. The important direction is the applying of low-intensity (low-level) laser technologies [1—3]. It is known that laser light with low power density affects the proliferation of stem cells, remodeling cardiomyocytes and endotelial cells [3, 4], is able to enhance the synthesis of collagen, and stimulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in irradiated cells [5, 6]. The aim of this work was to study the effect of low-intensity femtosecond laser radiation in the near ultraviolet spectral band on the rate of tumor growth in mice with transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma, the number of metastases, and the level of collagenases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumors, which play a key role in the metastasis formation. Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out with female mice C57BL/6 bred in the vivarium of R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine (40 animals weighing 17—18 g). Inoculation of Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) — 500 thousand cells/mouse by intramuscular injection in the right thigh — was carried doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2017.11. 090 UDC 616.438 : 615.849. 19 : 612.017. 1 V.A. Kanevskyi 1, S.P. Osinskyi 2, V.M. Pushkarev 3 1 High Technologies Institute, Ltd., Kiev 2 R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kiev 3 V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kiev E-mail: pushkarev.vm@gmail.com
Types of open models for high-tech innovation creation and intellectual property protection

The research aims to confirm the working hypothesis, identify the features of high-tech products of civilian use and analyze real “acting” projects implemented within the OI strategy. The analysis was carried out based on the information and systematic understanding of ideas presented in scientific articles, book chapters, etc., using induction and deduction (as a case study of Xerox, Fuji Xerox, Cisco, and Siemens companies), methods of formal and dialectical logic to understand the benefits from network cooperation and OI strategy. Thus, for example, it is shown that the OI concept in company strategies takes on the character of either institutional cooperation in the form of technological convergence or networking with the involvement of a wide range of participants in the latter: from students and university professors to companies and their employees, including foreign centers established by the interested parties, etc.
Learning analytics and collaborative groups of learners in distance education: a systematic mapping study

Advances in information and communication technologies have contributed to the increasing use of virtual learning environments as support tools in teaching and learning processes. Virtual platforms generate a large volume of educational data, and the analysis of this data allows useful information discoveries to improve learning and assist institutions in reducing disqualifications and dropouts in distance education courses. This article presents the results of a systematic mapping study aiming to identify how educational data mining, learning analytics, and collaborative groups have been applied in distance education environments. Articles were searched from 2010 to June 2020, initially resulting in 55,832 works. The selection of 51 articles for complete reading in order to answer the research questions considered a group of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Main results indicated that 53% of articles (27/51) offered intelligent services in the field of distance education, 47% (24/51) applied methods and analysis techniques in distance education environments, 21% (11/51) applied methods and analysis techniques focused on virtual learning environments logs and 5% (3/51) presented intelligent collaborative services for identification and creation of groups. This article also identified research interest clusters with highlights for the terms recommendation systems, data analysis, e-learning, educational data mining, e-learning platform and learning management system.
Recent Advances in Direct C–H Functionalization of Pyrimidines

Abstract Data spanning the period 2000–2017 on the direct C–H functionalization of pyrimidines are collected and discussed in this review. This demonstrates the surge of interest and creativity that this field of chemistry has experienced during the last two decades. Plausible applications of highly functionalized pyrimidines are also discussed. 1 Introduction 2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Pyrimidine Derivatives 3 Transition-Metal-Free Direct C–H Functionalization of Pyrimidine Derivatives 4 Deprotonative Metalation of Pyrimidine Derivatives 5 Conclusions
Innovation and Change in Public Administration

This article defines and examines the concept of innovation, as a radical change in Public Administration that can be defined as translating into new processes, new technologies, creation of new products and introduction of new values in Public Administration. New public management models mean forms of innovation, new paradigms and new forms of management. This discussion examines the characteristics of each model through history, specifically underlining the break introduced by the New Public Management Model which meant a complete change in the public management philosophy. In analyzing the change process and strategy, whose impetus falls to the political power, we will take into account social or economic ruptures and the pressure of citizens. Finally, some instruments and incentives for change are made explicit and we show that change is the responsibility of management; and, once introduced, such change must be “frozen” through legislative instruments.
Rethinking crisis dynamics from the perspective of online publics: A case study of Dolce & Gabbana’s China crisis

On November 18, 2018, the Italian fashion house Dolce & Gabbana (D&G) released a controversial video on all their social media channels. The video triggered an instant outcry from the general Chinese public, who called the video a racist caricature of Chinese culture. D&G responded to the crisis with several image repair strategies. This study examines D&G’s crisis communication efforts in the wake of this incident. Departing from corporate-oriented perspectives prevalent in the field of public relations, this study employs a dynamic, public-oriented view of crisis communication, which focuses on the dynamic, interactive process of crisis development from the standpoint of the publics. By analyzing communicative behavior on Twitter (an increasingly influential alternative public sphere in China) and in particular, comments and responses toward the crisis communication strategies employed by D&G, we have identified four prominent themes, or ways that publics framed their key messages against the corporation: “Apology not enough”; “Apology done badly”; “Call to unite against D&G”; and “Sarcasm, mockery, and abuse. ” And they can be interpreted as a number of crisis communication strategies of the global, online publics. Based on our analysis of the D&G case, we discuss the theoretical implications of a dynamic, public-oriented perspective (DPOP) on crisis communication, highlighting its key areas of difference from the corporate-oriented perspective (COP).
Phylogenetic relationships of Argentinean Creole with other Latin American Creole Cattle as revealed by a medium density Single Nucleotide polymorphism microarray

The demographic history of Creole cattle in Argentina and in Latin America dates back to the time of the Spanishcolonization. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of a medium­density SNP array to describe cattlefromthe most representative andoldest herds of the Argentine Creole cattle breedregisteredat the time of theconstitution of the Argentinean Creole Cattle Breeders Association and to explore the phylogenetic relationship withCreole cattle fromother LatinAmericancountries. Toachieve this goal, genotypes from51 animals on34,008autosomal SNP were used to generate genetic distance matrices based on the proportion of shared identical­by­statealleles among individual animals and animals clustered according to their origin, analyzed by the PLINKprogram.Aneighbor­joining phylogenetic tree based on pairwise genetic distance was constructed using PHYLIP and wasprepared for visualization using FigTree. Amultidimensional scaling analysis was performed to evaluate the levelof relationship in terms of genetic distance among the different animal clusters. Genetic distances between animalsvaried from0.186 to 0.357 when considering all pairs of animals, and from0.186 to 0.338 when considering Creolepairs. The dendrogramobtained showed three major clusters. Cluster 1 included Latin American Creole cattle fromColombia, Guadalupe, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and the reference groups of Holstein and Jersey cattle. Cluster 2contained exclusively Patagonian Creole cattle, while the third cluster included the remaining Argentinean Creoles.The genetic relationship patterns obtainedvia multidimensional scaling showeda close relationship among fourgroups of Creole animals fromArgentina. The closeness between clusters can be explained in part on the basis ofearly migration of animals that gave rise to founders herds at some Argentinean locations. The outcomes of thisstudycontribute toabetter understandingof the compositionof the earlyfounder herds of Creole cattle inArgentina and the relationship with other Latin America Creole cattle populations.
Communication Experiences and Needs among the Critically Ill with an Artificial Airway: An Integrative Review

투고일 : 2021. 1. 20 1차 수정일 : 2021. 3. 7 게재확정일 : 2021. 3. 30 주요어 : 의사소통, 환자 중심 간호, 중환자, 인공기도, 문헌고찰 Address reprint requests to : Choi, JiYeon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-7952 College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03711, Korea Tel : +82-2-2228-3301, Fax : +82-2-2227-8803, E-mail : jychoi610@yuhs.ac 중환자간호학회지 2021년 6월 제14권 제2호 plSSN 2005-212X / elSSN 2671-8634 Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing Vol.14, No.2, 24-41, June, 2021 https://doi.org/10.34250/jkccn.2021. 14.2. 24