Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the radiologist in cardiac diagnostic imaging.

1495 adiologists have always been associated with new advances in cardiac imaging and in the application of these new technologies to the clinical management of patients with heart disease. It is therefore paradoxic that they now find themselves struggling to maintain their role in this area. Radiography, echocardiography, angiocardiography, and coronary arteriography were developed by radiologists either alone or in collaboration with adult or pediatric cardiologists, physicists, and engineers. These modalities allowed diagnosis of morphologic changes amenable to traditional surgical or medical intervention, and, more recently, to percutaneous interventional techniques. The estrangement of radiologists from their cardiology colleagues occurred for two reasons: the aggressive pursuit of control of cardiac imaging by the cardiologists and the consequences of radiologists’ walking away from cardiac imaging itself. Although cardiac imaging was once a primary radiology subspecialty associated with the imaging of patients with congenital and acquired heart disease, the number of specialty-trained cardiac radiologists and radiology departments with cardiac radiology divisions has dwindled. The role of the radiologist in cardiac diagnosis has changed dramatically since the 1960s and 1970s. In that era, radiologists were trained in many centers in the performance and interpretation of coronary arteriography using Melvin Judkins’ new catheter technique [1]. As designed, the Judkins catheters lent themselves to adaptation of the Seldinger percutaneous transfemoral puncture. This avoided brachial arteriotomy, which required repair after the procedure [2]. Subsequently, cardiologists became competent in performing the Judkins technique. There were several reasons for this change, but self-referral played a significant role. An increase in the amount of cardiac surgery drove an increasing demand for coronary arteriography that radiology departments did not meet. Cardiologists recognized this demand, and after having initially been trained by radiologists, began to train other cardiologists to perform these procedures. Despite the role radiologists played in creating this technique, advancing the field, and developing new and more accurate imaging technology, radiologists were excluded from cardiac catheterization laboratories. Once radiologists were removed from the adult cardiac catheterization laboratory, the field of radiology withdrew from the investigation of the heart and the examination of patients with heart disease. Remarkable advances have been made during the past three decades in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of heart disease. Traditionally, treatment of congenital and acquired heart disorders has been based on identifying morphologic changes or on clinical presentation. Radiography and cineangiography, the core of radiologic evalR Role of the Radiologist in Cardiac Diagnostic Imaging
Improved voltage-current mode feeder automation system based on GPRS

To improve traditional voltage-time mode feeder automation system, and considering the problems of GPRS and as security vulnerability and communication interrupt and delay, an improved voltage-current mode feeder automation system based on GPRS is presented. GPRS is only for sending command of close blocking, not for telecontrolling switch to open or close. Load break switches are equipped with simplified current type FTUs. Master station performs data acquisition and fault analysis. Fault processing involves two phases: (1) Master station determines fault section and sends commands of close blocking to FTUs to complete fault isolation; (2) Feeder lines restore the healthy areas according to traditional voltage-time scheme. The shortage impact for healthy areas on restoration of traditional schemes is eliminated. Relatively high robustness for GPRS abnormal situations can be obtained to avoid incorrect switch actions. The performance can meet the practical demands, and dispatchers can monitor the situation of feeder lines. The application field of ldquolocal control typerdquo feeder automation system is expanded.
Repeatability of inverse kinematics algorithms for mobile manipulators

We introduce and examine the property of repeatability of inverse kinematics algorithms for mobile manipulators. Similarly to stationary manipulators, repeatability of mobile manipulators is defined by requiring that a closed path in the task space should be transformed by the inverse kinematics algorithm into a closed path in the configuration space. In a simply connected, singularity-free region of the task space, a necessary and sufficient condition for repeatability is derived as the integrability condition of a distribution associated with the inverse kinematics algorithm.
C++ Idioms

This paper attempts to do three things. The first is to re-cast the well-known idioms of Advanced C++ Programming Styles and Idioms [Coplien1992] in pattern form. The second is to organize these idioms, which until now have survived as independent and largely unrelated patterns, into a true pattern language. That means that the patterns form a graph and that they should be applied in an order dictated by the structure of the graph. The third goal is to show that the patterns together (as a pattern language) attack what is metaphorically, conceptually, or actually a structural problem. Structure is a central element in Alexander's theories of aesthetics, a perspective that pervades all his work but which has become more directly articulated in recent works such as Nature of Order. These patterns do piecemeal construction of the structure of an inheritance hierarchy and the structure of the classes within it. The paper tries to explore that geometric nature. Many thanks to Steve Berczuk who was the EuroPLoP '98 shepherd for this paper. This space left blank intentionally as a placeholder for words that we later find we want to define here! Overall, this pattern language deals with one aspect of C++ design: In particular, it deals with that aspect that focuses on algebraic types. C++ is rich in features that support algebraic types, including operator overloading and a good family of built-in numeric types. The idioms surrounding the algebraic view are strong enough that the tradition carries on in libraries for strings and other non-numeric types. There are many non-numeric and, properly, non-algebraic types to which many of these patterns may apply. There are also many inheritance hierarchies to which the algebraic patterns in particular are irrelevant; some times just don't have algebraic properties. The same is true even for patterns like Handle/Body (which apply largely to types that behave as built-in value types) and Counted Body (which is pertinent for Handle/Body instances with dynamically allocated resources). The Context and Forces sections of each pattern guide the reader in the appropriate application of these patterns to individual problems.
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Is Necessary for Increased NF-E2DNA Complex Formation during Erythroleukemia Cell Differentiation (*)

When murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells are induced to differentiate by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), erythroid-specific genes are transcriptionally activated; however, transcriptional activation of these genes is severely impaired in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A)-deficient MEL cells. The transcription factor NF-E2, composed of a 45-kDa (p45) and an 18-kDa (p18) subunit, is essential for enhancer activity of the globin locus control regions (LCRs). DNA binding of NF-E2 and α-globin LCR enhancer activity was significantly less in HMBA-treated protein kinase A-deficient cells compared to cells containing normal protein kinase A activity; DNA binding of several other transcription factors was the same in both cell types. In parental cells, HMBA treatment and/or prolonged activation of protein kinase A increased the amount of NF-E2DNA complexes without change in DNA binding affinity; the expression of p45 and p18 was the same under all conditions. p45 and p18 were phosphorylated by protein kinase A in vitro, but the phosphorylation did not affect NF-E2DNA complexes, suggesting that protein kinase A regulates NF-E2DNA complex formation indirectly, e.g. by altering expression of a regulatory factor(s). Thus, protein kinase A appears to be necessary for increased NF-E2DNA complex formation during differentiation of MEL cells and may influence erythroid-specific gene expression through this mechanism.
The 1st Level & 2nd Level Solder Joint Reliability Co-design for Larger Die Flip Chip Package

This work focuses on co-design of the 1st level and 2nd level solder joint reliability analysis of a flip chip package, with large die. Model with all the layered structures for the build up substrate is compared with the compact model of equivalent substrate. Two 1st level solder bumps are modeled along with the 2nd level solder balls. The fatigue life of 2nd level solder joint is estimated by the Darveaux's method. Inelastic strain energy density per cycle accumulated in the solder bumps during thermal cycling is used to predict the trend of fatigue life for the 1st level bumps. Model with and without heat spreader are considered in this study. Then a series of parametric study is performed by varying different crucial package dimensions which play an important role in solder fatigue life. Effects of die thickness, substrate thickness and heat spreader type on solder fatigue life are analyzed in this paper.
Evidence for a dual function of EphB4 as tumor promoter and suppressor regulated by the absence or presence of the ephrin‐B2 ligand

Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 is common in epithelial cancers and linked to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, increasing survival and facilitating invasion and migration. However, other studies have reported loss of EphB4 suggesting a tumor suppressor function in some cancers. These opposing roles may be regulated by (i) the presence of the primary ligand ephrin‐B2 that regulates pathways involved in tumor suppression or (ii) the absence of ephrin‐B2 that allows EphB4 signaling via ligand‐independent pathways that contribute to tumor promotion. To explore this theory, EphB4 was overexpressed in the prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1 and the mammary epithelial cell line MCF‐10A. Overexpressed EphB4 localized to lipid‐rich regions of the plasma membrane and confirmed to be ligand‐responsive as demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and internalization. EphB4 overexpressing cells demonstrated enhanced anchorage‐independent growth, migration and invasion, all characteristics associated with an aggressive phenotype, and therefore supporting the hypothesis that overexpressed EphB4 facilitates tumor promotion. Importantly, these effects were reversed in the presence of ephrin‐B2 which led to a reduction in EphB4 protein levels, demonstrating that ligand‐dependent signaling is tumor suppressive. Furthermore, extended ligand stimulation caused a significant decrease in proliferation that correlated with a rise in caspase‐3/7 and ‐8 activities. Together, these results demonstrate that overexpression of EphB4 confers a transformed phenotype in the case of MCF‐10A cells and an increased metastatic phenotype in the case of 22Rv1 cancer cells and that both phenotypes can be restrained by stimulation with ephrin‐B2, in part by reducing EphB4 levels.
Lumbar Fusion Outcomes in Washington State Workers’ Compensation

Study Design. Retrospective population-based cohort study. Objective. To evaluate the influence of lumbar intervertebral fusion devices on clinical and disability outcomes among Washington State compensated workers with chronic back pain. Summary of Background Data. The efficacy of lumbar fusion for chronic low back pain remains controversial. Recent randomized controlled trials have shown results of fusion to be equivalent to those of structured exercise and cognitive intervention. Lumbar fusion rates, however, continue to increase nationally, fueled, in part, by introduction of new fusion devices, including intervertebral cages in 1996. It is not known whether these newer devices have improved outcomes, and particularly in compensated workers. Methods. In this population-based retrospective cohort study, we identified Washington State injured workers who underwent lumbar fusion between 1994 and 2001 from Washington State Workers’ Compensation system administrative database. All the data for this study were obtained from either the claims or medical bill payment databases. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between the surgical technique (interbody cages and/or instrumentation) and the risk of disability, reoperation, and complications following lumbar fusion. Results. Among the 1,950 eligible subjects, fusions with cages increased from 3.6% in 1996 to 58.1% in 2001. Overall disability rate at 2 years after fusion was 63.9%, reoperation rate 22.1%, and rate for other complications 11.8%. Use of cages or instrumentation was associated with increased complication risk compared with bone-only fusions without improving disability or reoperation rates. Legal, work-related, and psychologic factors predicted worse disability. Discography and multilevel fusions predicted greater reoperation risk. Degenerative disc disease and concurrent decompression procedures predicted lower reoperation risk. Conclusions. Use of intervertebral fusion devices rose rapidly after their introduction in 1996. This increased use was associated with an increased complication risk without improving disability or reoperation rates.
Ramsay Hunt Facial Paralysis: Clinical Analyses of 185 Patients

In a prospective study of 1507 patients, evaluated consecutively for facial palsy in the Cranial Nerve Research Clinic at the Kalser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, California, between 1966 and 1976, 185 cases (12%) were diagnosed as Ramsay Hunt syndrome. In 46 cases (25%), the diagnosis of herpes zoster was confirmed by acute and convalescent serum titers for varicella-zoster virus. In 139 cases (75%), viral titers were not performed and the diagnosis was based on the characteristic clinical presentation of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis evaluating age, sex, race, signs and symptoms at onset, severity of paralysis, associated medical problems with concomitant neurologic deficits, and response to therapy. These were compared with data of 1202 patients with Bell's (herpes simplex) palsy. The facial palsy of Ramsay Hunt syndrome was found to be more severe, to cause late neural denervation, and to have a less favorable recovery profile than Bell's (herpes simplex) facial palsy. Prognostic factors and treatment recommendations are discussed.
A new look at the Barankin lower bound

This paper is primarily tutorial in nature and presents an alternative derivation of the Barankin estimator. The approach presented here places clearly in evidence the significance of the choice of parameter points that one must make in obtaining a Barankin lower bound. Specifically, for any finite set of parameter points, the corresponding Barankin bound is the variance of the locally best estimator that is constrained to be unbiased at the chosen parameter points. In addition, the derivation of the Barankin theory presented here provides a new interpretation of the Cramer-Rao and Bhattacharyya bounds.
Structural and Functional Patterns in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease

The aim of this study was to analyze the combined contribution of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. To whole—head MEG recordings were obtained from three diagnosis groups: Alzheimer disease (AD), MCI, and control. Magnetic resonance imaging volumetric data of global brain, temporal lobe, and hippocampal volumes, were also obtained. Results indicated that a reduction of volume in the hippocampal structure allowed the discrimination between AD and MCI patients as compared with controls. The percentage of correct classification was 91.3% when AD versus controls was compared, and 83.3% when we compared MCI versus control. MEG data showed that AD patients exhibit higher &thetas; and δ activity than MCI and controls. Such higher activity was significant in parietal, temporal, and occipital areas. Left parietal theta classified controls versus MCIs with 78.3% rate of correct classification. Right occipital theta and the left parietal delta allowed the discrimination of controls versus ADs, with 81.8% rate of correct classification. Left parietal theta discriminated between ADs and MCIs with 56.6% rate of correct classification. In addition, the combination of both techniques significantly improved the rate of correct classification, thus indicating that a multidisciplinary perspective of techniques may improve the diagnostic capabilities.
Characterization and estimation of two-dimensional ARMA models

A class of finite-order two-dimensional autoregressive moving average (ARMA) is introduced that can represent any process with rational spectral density. In this model the driving noise is correlated and need not be Gaussian. Currently known classes of ARMA models or AR models are shown to be subsets of the above class. The three definitions of Markov property are discussed, and the class of ARMA models are precisely stated which have the noncausal and semicausal Markov property without imposing any specific boundary conditions. Next two approaches are considered to estimate the parameters of a model to fit a given image. The first method uses only the empirical correlations and involves the solution of linear equations. The second method is the likelihood approach. Since the exact likelihood function is difficult to compute, we resort to approximations suggested by the toroidal models. Numerical experiments compare the quality of the two estimation schemes. Finally the problem of synthesizing a texture obeying an ARMA model is considered.
Advances in improving mammalian cells metabolism for recombinant protein production

Background: The production of recombinant proteins for therapeutic use represents a great impact on the biotechnology industry. In this context, established mammalian cell lines, especially CHO cells, have become a standard system for the production of such proteins. Their ability to properly configure and excrete proteins in functional form is an enormous advantage which should be contrasted with their inherent technological limitations. These cell systems exhibit a metabolic behaviour associated with elevated cell proliferation which involves a high consumption of glucose and glutamine, resulting in the rapid depletion of these nutrients in the medium and the accumulation of ammonium and lactate. Both phenomena contribute to the limitation of cell growth, the triggering of apoptotic processes and the loss of quality of the recombinant protein. Results: In this review, the use of alternative substrates and genetic modifications (host cell engineering) are analyzed as tools to overcome those limitations. In general, the results obtained are promising. However, metabolic and physiological phenomena involved in CHO cells are still barely understood. Thus, most of publications are focused on specific modifications rather than giving a systemic perspective. Conclusions: A deeper insight in the integrated understanding of metabolism and cell mechanisms is required in order to define complementary strategies at these two levels, so providing effective means to control nutrients consumption, reduce by-products and increase process productivity.
Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance‐Based Feature Tracking in the Assessment of Myocardial Mechanics in Tetralogy of Fallot: An Intermodality Comparison

We investigated intermodality agreements of strains from two‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking (FT) in the assessment of right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) mechanics in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Patients were prospectively studied with 2DE and CMR performed contiguously. LV and RV strains were computed separately using 2DE and CMR‐FT. Segmental and global longitudinal strains (GLS) for the LV and RV were measured from four‐chamber views; LV radial (global radial strain [GRS]) and circumferential strains (GCS) measured from short‐axis views. Intermodality and interobserver agreements were examined. In 40 patients (20 TOF, mean age 23 years and 20 adult controls), LV, GCS showed narrowest intermodality limits of agreement (mean percentage error 9.5%), followed by GLS (16.4%). RV GLS had mean intermodality difference of 25.7%. GLS and GCS had acceptable interobserver agreement for the LV and RV with both 2DE and CMR‐FT, whereas GRS had high interobserver and intermodality variability. In conclusion, myocardial strains for the RV and LV derived using currently available 2DE and CMR‐FT software are subject to considerable intermodality variability. For both modalities, LV GCS, LV GLS, and RV GLS are reproducible enough to warrant further investigation of incremental clinical merit.
Solving Fuzzy Nonlinear Systems -- A Class of Defuzzification in the Fuzzy Control

In order to achieve defuzzification, converts fuzzy quantity to accurate quantity in fuzzy control, researching about solving fuzzy nonlinear systems. Parameters transform method combines with homotopy method are introduced in this paper. The parameters transform method transforms a class of general fuzzy nonlinear systems and full fuzzy nonlinear systems into numerical nonlinear systems. Then, one can get solutions of the numerical nonlinear systems based on the homotopy method. It is feasible to choose any appropriate initial value when using homotopy method, avoiding the hard work of selecting appropriate initial values. The numerical experiments approve this method is a useful defuzzification at last. It is easier to accomplish defuzzification by solving the two fuzzy nonlinear systems. In this way, a class of fuzzy control can be established based on the defuzzification.
A novel framework to alleviate the sparsity problem in context-aware recommender systems

ABSTRACT Recommender systems have become indispensable for services in the era of big data. To improve accuracy and satisfaction, context-aware recommender systems (CARSs) attempt to incorporate contextual information into recommendations. Typically, valid and influential contexts are determined in advance by domain experts or feature selection approaches. Most studies have focused on utilizing the unitary context due to the differences between various contexts. Meanwhile, multi-dimensional contexts will aggravate the sparsity problem, which means that the user preference matrix would become extremely sparse. Consequently, there are not enough or even no preferences in most multi-dimensional conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to alleviate the sparsity issue for CARSs, especially when multi-dimensional contextual variables are adopted. Motivated by the intuition that the overall preferences tend to show similarities among specific groups of users and conditions, we first explore to construct one contextual profile for each contextual condition. In order to further identify those user and context subgroups automatically and simultaneously, we apply a co-clustering algorithm. Furthermore, we expand user preferences in a given contextual condition with the identified user and context clusters. Finally, we perform recommendations based on expanded preferences. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.