Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation to Explore the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Asiatic Acid on Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Objective The mechanism of action of asiatic acid (AA) on alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) was investigated using network pharmacology and experiments. Methods Through data retrieval, network construction, and enrichment analysis, the potential mechanism of AA in the treatment of alcoholic steatohepatitis was explored. Animal and cell models were established in this study. Animal Model. The mouse model was divided into six groups: normal group; model group; low, medium, and high AA group; and silibinin-positive group. Cell Model. An in vitro inflammatory model of RAW264.7 cells was established by alcohol stimulation. Results Compared with the model group, the low, medium, and high AA group showed decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-CHO). The inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner were decreased. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that liver tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in mice were significantly reduced with increasing doses. Further, oil red staining showed that lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in the low, medium, and high AA group was significantly reduced, with increasing dose. In addition, in the cellular model, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that AA could alleviate alcohol-induced cellular inflammation, while western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that AA might alleviate alcohol-induced cellular inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Conclusion This study provides multiple lines of evidence that asiatic acid may alleviate alcoholic hepatitis in mice by modulating the NF-κB pathway.
Effect of DC power on the thickness, hardness and adhesion strength of Ti-51 at% Ni coated Ti/TiN

The coating of Ti/TiN was successfully deposited on Ti-51 at% Ni substrates by using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique and the effect of different sputtering power on the thickness, surface hardness and adhesion strength of the coatings were studied. The microstructural characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The coating thicknesses were detected and measured using SEM. The surface hardness test was performed using microhardness tester, and the adhesion strength was carried out by scratch testing. The results showed that the TiN crystallites growth orientation, thickness, surface hardness and adhesion strength are influenced by sputtering power. As power increased from 300 W to 370 W, peaks at (111), (200) and (311) increased while peaks at (200) and (222) decreased, substrate hardness increased by 53.42%, thickness increased from 2.278 μm to 2.389 μm, and adhesion strength also increased from 3000 mN to 3998 mN. Meanwhile, a decrease in thickness, hardness, adhesion strength, all the peaks and total disappearance of peak (222) were all noticed at 440 W.
Vis LED Photo-Fenton Degradation of 124-Trichlorobenzene at a Neutral pH Using Ferrioxalate as Catalyst

Chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) are among the more toxic organic compounds frequently found in soil and groundwater. Among these, toxic and low-degradable chlorobenzenes are commonly found in the environment. In this work, an innovative process using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, ferrioxalate as the catalyst and a visible light-emitting diode lamp (Vis LED) were applied to successfully oxidize 124-trichlorobenzene (124-TCB) in a saturated aqueous solution of 124-TCB (28 mg L−1) at a neutral pH. The influence of a hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration (61.5–612 mg L−1), Fe3+ (Fe) dosage (3–10 mg L−1), and irradiation level (Rad) (I = 0.12 W cm−2 and I = 0.18 W cm−2) on 124-TCB conversion and dechlorination was studied. A D–Optimal experimental design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to maximize the quality of the information obtained. The ANOVA test was used to assess the significance of the model and its coefficients. The maximum pollutant conversion at 180 min (98.50%) was obtained with Fe = 7 mg L−1, HP = 305 mg L−1, and I = 0.12 W cm−2. The effect of two inorganic anions usually presents in real groundwater (bicarbonate and chloride, 600 mg L−1 each) was investigated under those optimized operating conditions. A slight reduction in the 124-TCB conversion after 180 min of reaction was noticed in the presence of bicarbonate (8.31%) and chloride (7.85%). Toxicity was studied with Microtox® (Azur Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA) bioassay, and a remarkable toxicity decrease was found in the treated samples, with the inhibition proportional to the remaining 124-TCB concentration. That means that nontoxic byproducts are produced in agreement with the high dechlorination degrees noticed.
Self-made material in physical education: Teacher perceptions of the use of an emerging pedagogical model before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in education, which had to adapt to changing scenarios (online, face-to-face, hybrid teaching). Within physical education (PE), strategies such as ‘do not use or share equipment’ were proposed to avoid infections. These strategies fit with an emerging pedagogical model called the Self-made Material Model (SMM), which involves students creating their own PE equipment. The objectives of the present study were: (a) to analyse PE teachers’ beliefs about the use of self-made material in their classes, (b) to evaluate teachers’ perceptions of the impact of the use of self-made material in PE lessons during the pandemic and (c) to examine gender/age differences. A quantitative, snowball research design was followed. The Self-made Material Questionnaire ( Méndez-Giménez and Fernández-Río, 2011) comprising two scales (41 items) was adapted: Teachers’ beliefs about the use of self-made material scale and Teachers’ perceptions of the impact of self-made material usage during the pandemic scale. In total, 1093 in-service teachers (443 women, 40.5%; M = 41.39, SD = 9.54) from 13 Ibero-American countries participated. Descriptive statistics were calculated, Student’s T test was conducted for comparisons by gender and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was run for comparisons by age ranges. Overall, the scores were high, emphasising the potential to promote recycling and students’ creativity and respect for the material. Women scored higher in items such as promoting interdisciplinarity, equality, attention to disability and education in values. In total, 833 (76.21%) teachers used self-made material during the pandemic and reported high levels of satisfaction, expectations of use, usefulness and profitability. No gender differences were found. In the COVID-19 era, the SMM is playing a relevant role as a meaningful framework and a helpful teaching methodology in different educational scenarios.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Biscuits from Blends of Wheat, Millet and Sesame Seeds Composites: Physical and Sensory Properties

Millet and sesame were processed into flours and mixed with wheat flour at different proportion (100:0:0, 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:15:5 and 75:20:5) to produce biscuits. Biscuits produced were analysed for physical properties, and sensory attributes. Sensory evaluation of the biscuits samples was carried out with a team of thirty (30) panellists. The hedonic scale of nine was used, and the panellists were instructed to evaluate the coded samples for appearance, taste, aroma, texture, and Overall acceptability with a reference sample A. Biscuit samples were evaluated for weight (g), diameter (cm), thickness (cm) and spread ratio. Six biscuits edge-to-edge were used for the evaluation and the average was noted. The weight was measured using an electronic scale; diameter and thickness were measured using a Vernier Caliper. The Spread ratio was calculated by dividing diameter by thickness. There was a significant difference in weight, diameter, and spread ratio. Furthermore, there was a general decrease in the weight of the biscuits, with values ranging from 10.950g to 9.600 g with increase in the proportion of millet flour. However, there was an increase in diameter and spread factor as well as a decrease in thickness with increase in millet flour, with values ranging from 4.312 to 4.733 cm, 4.288 to 4.729 and 1.006 to 1.001 cm respectively. The sensory evaluation of the biscuits revealed that there were no significant differences in aroma and taste between the treatments whereas there was a significant difference in appearance, texture and general acceptability. Sensory results showed that all biscuits samples were accepted by panelists.
THE LIGHT CURVE OF THE MACRONOVA ASSOCIATED WITH THE LONG–SHORT BURST GRB 060614

The Swift-detected GRB 060614 was a unique burst that straddles an imaginary divide between long- and short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and its physical origin has been heavily debated over the years. Recently, a distinct, very soft F814W-band excess at t ∼ 13.6 ? > days after the burst was identified in a joint-analysis of VLT and Hubble Space Telescope optical afterglow data of GRB 060614, which has been interpreted as evidence for an accompanying macronova (also called a kilonova). Under the assumption that the afterglow data in the time interval of 1.7–3.0 days after the burst are due to external FS emission, when this assumption is extrapolated to later times it is found that there is an excess of flux in several multi-band photometric observations. This component emerges at ∼4 days after the burst, and it may represent the first time that a multi-epoch/band light curve of a macronova has been obtained. The macronova associated with GRB 060614 peaked at t ≲ 4 ? > days after the burst, which is significantly earlier than that observed for a supernova associated with a long-duration GRB. Due to the limited data, no strong evidence for a temperature evolution is found. We derive a conservative estimate of the macronova rate of ∼ 16.3 − 8.2 + 16.3 Gpc − 3 yr − 1 , ? > implying a promising prospect for detecting the gravitational wave radiation from compact-object mergers by upcoming Advanced LIGO/VIRGO/KAGRA detectors (i.e., the rate is  GW ∼ 0.5 − 0.25 + 0.5 ( D / 200 Mpc ) 3 yr − 1 ? > ).
Factors Affecting the Learning Attitude of Natural and Social Subjects of Primary School Students in Vietnam

Nature and Society are compulsory subjects in the primary education curriculum in Vietnam. However, this subject has not really attracted the attention and investment of the lecturers and the learners are not really interested in it. This study explores the factors affecting the learning attitude towards the subject of Nature and Society of primary school students in Vietnam. An exploratory factor analysis method was used, with 19 questions designed and sent to primary school students through social channels and with the help of parents. Based on survey results from 101 students and data analyzed through SPSS software, the results of exploratory factor analysis identified four main factors affecting learning attitudes towards the subject of Nature and Society of Vietnamese Primary School Students: Factor 1 - Teacher's pedagogical skills (50.056%); factor 2 - Parental influence (8.799%), factor 3 - the influence of classmates (6,724%) and factor 4 - the belief and interest of learners (5,329%). The results of this study can become a source of reference for other researchers, and also suggest educators in proposing pedagogical measures in teaching subjects with high efficiency.
Environment Monitoring of Shanghai Nanhui Intertidal Zone With Dual-Polarimetric SAR Data Based on Deep Learning

Satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide low-cost, frequent environment monitoring for dynamic intertidal zones. The critical problem is to realize pixel-level classification of SAR images of the intertidal zones with excellent and robust performance. Recently, deep learning, in particular deep convolutional neural networks, has provided us with promising solutions to this problem. Based on a sophisticated deep learning-based pixel-level classification model <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{U}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Net, we propose an MB-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{U}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ACNet model suitable for intertidal zone land cover classification using dual-polarimetric SAR data integrated with environmental information, such as wind speed and tide level information. The MB-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{U}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ACNet model has a multibranch nested U-shaped encoding–decoding structure. We extract and fuse features from multiple data sources, including satellite remote sensing and environmental information, by establishing the multibranch structure. Furthermore, we propose an asymmetric convolution residual U-block for each encoding–decoding stage to improve the model’s feature extraction ability. Moreover, the model with attention mechanisms better distinguishes the importance of features from the channel’s perspectives and spatial dimensions. We construct a dataset with 106 Sentinel-1 SAR images from 2016 to 2020 for environmental monitoring in the intertidal zone of Shanghai Nanhui. On the dataset, the proposed model reaches the overall classification accuracy of 96.40% and the mean intersection over union score of 0.8307. The experiments show the advantages of the proposed model compared with the benchmarking models due to better feature extraction and multisource information fusion. In addition, the contributions of every added substructure are analyzed systematically.
Comparing and Contrasting the Properties of the Inner Heliosphere for the Three Most Recent Solar Minima

The previous three solar cycles have ended in progressively more quiescent conditions, suggesting a continual slide into an ever deeper minimum state. Although the Sun's magnetic field is undoubtedly responsible for this quiescence, it is not clear how changes in its structure and strength modulate the properties of the solar wind. In this study, we compare the statistical properties of the solar wind during the three most recent minima (08/1996, 12/2008, and 12/2019) and develop global MHD model solutions to help interpret these observations. We find that, counter‐intuitively, the statistical properties of the solar wind for the most recent minimum lie midway between the 08/1996 and 12/2008 minima. For example, while the minimum speed dropped by 40 km s−1 between 08/1996 and 12/2008, they rose by 20 km s−1 around the 12/2019 minimum. From the model results, we infer that the 12/2008 and 12/2019 minima were structurally similar to one another, with the presence of corotating interaction regions driven by equatorial coronal holes, while the 08/1996 minimum represented a more “standard” tilted dipole configuration associated with those of earlier space age minima. Comparison of the statistical properties derived from the model results with data suggest several opportunities to improve model parameters, as well as to apply more sophisticated modeling approaches. Overall, however, the model results capture the essential features of the observations and, thus, allow us to infer the global structure of the inner heliosphere, of which the in‐situ measurements provide only a glimpse.
Impact of Marketing Strategies on Organizational Growth: A Study of Selected Industries in Lagos State Nigeria

: This study examined the challenges most organizations face concerning marketing strategies and investigated the nature and effects on organizational growth in some notable industries in Lagos State. The exploration strategy took on for this review was study and narrative investigation. The survey research included assortment of information from existing records and discoveries of the assessment regarding the matter using well structured questionnaire. Stratified sampling technique was utilized to choose the respondents for the study. The population for the study comprised selected company trainers, practitioners, marketing managers and sales supervisors from various organizations in Lagos State. A total of 420 trainers, managers and supervisors were randomly selected for the study. Out of this number, 359 responded to the questionnaire. The Cronbach Alpha was utilized in determining the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Information acquired were dissected utilizing mean, frequency count, percentages and analysis of variance. The study revealed that there was a relationship between Marketing Strategies and performance of organizations. The study also revealed that there exist significance of Marketing – mix Strategies on organizational growth particularly in a competitive environment. It is therefore recommended that organizations should use a set of effective Marketing mix Strategies such as product, price, place and promotion for increased sales volume and the realization of strategic objectives.
Burn-Induced Acute Kidney Injury–Two-Lane Road: From Molecular to Clinical Aspects

Severe burn injuries lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) development, increasing the mortality risk up to 28–100%. In addition, there is an increase in hospitalization days and complications appearance. Various factors are responsible for acute or late AKI debut, like hypovolemia, important inflammatory response, excessive load of denatured proteins, sepsis, and severe organic dysfunction. The main measure to improve the prognosis of these patients is rapidly recognizing this condition and reversing the underlying events. For this reason, different renal biomarkers have been studied over the years for early identification of burn-induced AKI, like neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7). The fundamental purpose of these studies is to find a way to recognize and prevent acute renal injury progression early in order to decrease the risk of mortality and chronic kidney disease (CKD) onset.
Influence of salt on tie-line behavior for ternary (water + phenol + 2-butanol) system: experimental data and correlation

Tie-line data for the systems containing phenol, 2-butanol, water and inorganic salts, were deter- mined experimentally at temperature 298.15 K under 101.1 kPa. The addition of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and lithium chloride (LiCl) to the aqueous phase was tested. The selected salt amounts in initial aqueous solutions were 5% and 10%. Meanwhile, the well-known NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models were employed to reproduce the measured liquid–liquid equilibrium data and obtaining the binary interaction parameters. The outcomes demonstrate that the salting-out impact of the salts was huge, with the goal that an improvement in the phenol distribution coefficient. In this way, the salting-out impact showed up in the request LiCl > NaCl > KCl under similar conditions, in agreement with the Hofmeister series. Results were interpreted in terms of the salt hydration shells and the ability of the phenol compounds to form hydrogen-bond with water. The Bachman and Hand equations confirmed the consistency of the measured tie-line data.
(R)-13aα-Densiindolizidine, A New Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloid From Cryptocarya densiflora Blume (Lauraceae) and Molecular Docking Against SARS-CoV-2

Cryptocarya densiflora Blume (Lauraceae) is an evergreen tree widely distributed throughout the hills and mountain forests up to 1500 m in Malaysia and Indonesia. The plant has been reported to contain phenanthroindolizidine-type of alkaloids. In the present work, a new phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid named (R)-13aα-densiindolizidine, was isolated from the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the leaves. The structure of the alkaloid was established based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of flight (LCMS-IT-TOF) analysis. (R)-13aα-densiindolizidine displayed binding interactions with crucial amino acid residues in the active sites of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Mpro (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) and RNA-dependent protease (RdRp) in silico, whilst fulfilling the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) criteria and Lipinsky's rule, thus revealing its potential as a lead compound.
Genome Size Estimation of Potato Aphid Macrosiphum Euphorbiae using Flow Cytometry

Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is colonizing species and vector for many economically important potato viruses. There is dearth of genomic information about this economically important aphid species. Hence, to get insight into the genomic architecture, genome size was determined using flow cytometry. The estimated size of M. euphorbiae was 0.53 pg or 519.4 Mbp. The genome size of M. euphorbiae is approximately 2.9, 2.2 and 1.9x larger than that of Drosophila melanogaster, honey bee (Apis mellifera) and mosquito Anopheles gambiae, respectively. The generated genome size information will provide the foundation for futuristic genomic research on M. euphorbiae.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Practices and Outreach Services in Settlements for Rohingya Population in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, 2018–2021

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the existing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) policy and practice of the study population and strengthen the evidence base by documenting changes in the WASH policy and practice over 3 years of the Rohingya refugee humanitarian crisis, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional surveillance design was followed; the sampling of the study population included the Rohingya refugee population and neighborhood host nationals who required hospitalization soon after seeking care and enrolled into the diarrheal disease surveillance in diarrhea-treatment centers. Throughout the study period of 3 years, a total of 4550 hospitalized individuals constituted the study participants. (3) Results: Among the hospitalized Rohingya refugee population; the use of public tap water increased significantly from 38.5% in year 1 to 91% in year 3. The use of deep tube well water significantly changed from 31.3% to 8.2%, and the use of shallow tube well water reduced significantly from 25.8% to 0.4%. Households using water seal latrine were 13.3% in year 1 and increased significantly to 31.7% in year 3. ORS consumption at home changed significantly from 61.5% in the first year to 82.1% in third year. Multivariable analysis demonstrated patients’ age groups at 5 to 14 years, and 15 years and more, drinking non-tube well water, soap use after using toilet, use of non-sanitary toilet facility, father’s and mother’s lack of schooling, and some and severe dehydration were significantly associated with the Rohingya refugee population enrolled into the diarrheal disease surveillance. (4) Conclusion: The findings indicate significant advances in WASH service delivery as well as outreach activities by aid agencies for the Rohingya refugee population living in settlements.