Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Impacts of Freezing the Jacobian Matrix in the HKW Method for Power Flow Applied to Ill-Conditioned Systems

The study of power flow in ill-conditioned power systems is still a challenge for most robust methodologies available, since they are not computationally competitive for wide use in industrial applications. Consequently, this paper aims to contribute in this theme by evaluating two approaches to solve the power flow problem inspired by the Heun-King-Werner (HKW) method of the Newton-Continuous philosophy. The original technique is modified in the sense that we propose to avoid the computation of all Jacobian matrices required along the iterative process. The HKW original method assumes the determination and LU factorization of two Jacobian matrices per iteration to obtain the PFP solution. This burden corresponds to an additional overhead computational compared to the standard Newton Raphson’s method. Thus, in this work, two approaches based on the freezing of the Jacobian matrix for the HKW method were proposed. Experiments considering six ill-conditioned large-scale power system models, including one with more than 70,000 buses are used to validate the proposed approaches. The classical Newton-Raphson method were used with the full HKW method to evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches. In all studied cases, results obtained with the developed approaches were promising, outperforming the original methodology.
JamSense: Interference and Jamming Classification for Low-power Wireless Networks

Low-power wireless networks transmit at low output power and are hence susceptible to cross-technology interference. The latter may cause packet loss which may waste scarce energy resources by requiring the retransmission of packets. Jamming attacks are even more harmful than cross-technology interference in that they may totally prevent packet reception and hence disturb or even disrupt applications. Therefore, it is important to recognize such jamming attacks. In this paper, we present JamSense. JamSense extends SpeckSense, a system that is able to detect multiple sources of interference, with the ability to classify jamming attacks. As SpeckSense, JamSense runs on resource-constrained nodes. Our experimental evaluation on real hardware shows that JamSense is able to identify jamming attacks with high accuracy while not classifying Bluetooth or WiFi interference as jamming attacks.
Temperature rise prediction of EHV GIS bus bar by coupled magnetothermal finite element method

This paper presents a new magnetothermal finite element analysis for predicting the temperature rise of the extra-high voltage gas insulated switchgear bus bar. The power losses of a bus bar calculated by the magnetic field analysis are used as the input data to predict the temperature rise for the thermal analysis. The heat-transfer coefficients on the boundaries are analytically calculated by applying the Nusselt number considering material constant and model geometry for the natural convection. The temperature distribution in a bus bar by coupled magnetothermal finite element analysis shows good agreement with the experimental data.
TWISTED DWARF1 regulates Arabidopsis stamen development by differential activation of ABCB-mediated auxin transport

Despite clear evidence that a local accumulation of auxin is likewise critical for male fertility, much less is known about the components that regulate auxin-controlled stamen development. In this study, we analyzed physiological and morphological parameters in mutants of key players of ABCB-mediated auxin transport and spatially and temporally dissected their expression on the protein level as well as auxin fluxes in the Arabidopsis stamens. Our analyses revealed that the FKBP42, TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1), promotes stamen elongation and, to a lesser extent, anther dehiscence, as well as pollen maturation and thus is required for seed development. Most of the described developmental defects in twd1 are shared with the abcb1 abcb19 mutant, which can be attributed to the fact that TWD1 - as a described ABCB chaperon - is a positive regulator of ABCB1 and ABCB19-mediated auxin transport. However, reduced stamen number was dependent on TWD1 but not on investigated ABCBs, suggesting additional actors down-stream of TWD1. We predict an overall housekeeping function for ABCB1 during earlier stages, while ABCB19 seems to be responsible for the key event of rapid elongation at later stages of stamen development. Our data indicate that TWD1 controls stamen development by differential activation of ABCB-mediated auxin transport in the stamen. Highlight By using a mix of phenotypical and imaging analyses, we here identify and functionally characterize a new master regulator of flower development.
A druggable addiction to de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in diffuse midline glioma

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a uniformly fatal pediatric cancer driven by oncohistones that do not readily lend themselves to drug development. To identify druggable targets for DMG, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen that reveals a DMG selective dependency on the de novo pathway for pyrimidine biosynthesis. This metabolic vulnerability reflects an elevated rate of uridine/uracil degradation that depletes DMG cells of substrates for the alternate salvage pathway for pyrimidine biosynthesis. A clinical stage inhibitor of DHODH (rate limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway) diminishes UMP pools, generates DNA damage, and induces apoptosis through suppression of replication forks--an “on target” effect, as shown by uridine rescue. MALDI mass spectroscopy imaging demonstrates that this DHODH inhibitor (BAY2402234) accumulates in brain at therapeutically relevant concentrations, suppresses de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in vivo, and prolongs survival of mice bearing intracranial DMG xenografts, highlighting BAY2402234 as a promising therapy against DMGs.
Invertebrate-induced priority effects and secondary metabolites control fungal community composition in dead wood

During decomposition of organic matter, microbial communities may follow different successional trajectories depending on the initial environment and colonizers. The timing and order of the assembly history can lead to divergent communities through priority effects. We explored how assembly history and resource quality affected fungal dead wood communities and decomposition, 1.5 and 4.5 years after tree felling. Additionally, we investigated the effect of invertebrate exclusion during the first two summers. For aspen (Populus tremula) logs, we measured initial resource quality of bark and wood, and surveyed the fungal communities by DNA metabarcoding at different time points during succession. We found that a gradient in fungal community composition was related to resource quality and discuss how this may reflect tolerance-dominance trade-offs in fungal life history strategies. As with previous studies, the initial amount of bark tannins was negatively correlated with wood decomposition rate over 4.5 years. The initial fungal community explained variation in community composition after 1.5, but not 4.5 years, of succession. Although the assembly history of initial colonizers may cause alternate trajectories in successional communities, our results indicate that the communities may easily converge with the arrival of secondary colonizers. We also identified a strong invertebrate-induced priority effect of fungal communities, even after 4.5 years of succession, thereby adding crucial knowledge to the importance of invertebrates in affecting fungal community development. By measuring and manipulating aspects of assembly history and resource quality that have rarely been studied, we expand our understanding of the complexity of fungal community dynamics.
A 3D impedance calculation for an induction heating system for materials with poor conductivity

A study of three-dimensional magneto-thermal finite element phenomena is presented for an induction heating system. The (A,V-A) formulation using the impedance boundary condition is applied to multiply connected regions. From the exterior inductor voltage and the current density distribution, the impedance and the total power of the induction heating devices are calculated.
Never cared for what they do. High structural stability of Guanine-quadruplexes in presence of strand-break damages

DNA integrity is an important factor to assure genome stability and, more generally, cells and organisms’ viability. In presence of DNA damage, the normal cell cycle is perturbed while cells activate their repair processes. Although efficient, the repair system is not always able to ensure the complete restoration of gene integrity. In these cases, not only mutations may occur, but the accumulation of lesions can either lead to carcinogenesis or reach a threshold which induces apoptosis and the programmed cell death. Among the different types of DNA lesions, strand breaks produced by ionizing radiations are the most toxic, due to their inherently difficult repair, which may lead to genomic instability. In this article we show, by using classical molecular simulations techniques, that differently from the canonical double-helical B-DNA, guanine-quadruplex (G4) arrangements show a remarkable structural stability, even in presence of two strand breaks. Since G4-DNA are recognized for their regulatory roles in cell senescence and gene expression, also involving oncogene, their stability can be related to an evolutionary cellular response aimed at minimizing the effects of ionizing radiation.
DarkVec: automatic analysis of darknet traffic with word embeddings

Darknets are passive probes listening to traffic reaching IP addresses that host no services. Traffic reaching them is unsolicited by nature and often induced by scanners, malicious senders and misconfigured hosts. Its peculiar nature makes it a valuable source of information to learn about malicious activities. However, the massive amount of packets and sources that reach darknets makes it hard to extract meaningful insights. In particular, multiple senders contact the darknet while performing similar and coordinated tasks, which are often commanded by common controllers (botnets, crawlers, etc.). How to automatically identify and group those senders that share similar behaviors remains an open problem. We here introduce DarkVec, a methodology to identify clusters of senders (i.e., IP addresses) engaged in similar activities on darknets. DarkVec leverages word embedding techniques (e.g., Word2Vec) to capture the co-occurrence patterns of sources hitting the darknets. We extensively test DarkVec and explore its design space in a case study using one month of darknet data. We show that with a proper definition of service, the generated embeddings can be easily used to (i) associate unknown senders' IP addresses to the correct known labels (more than 96% accuracy), and (ii) identify new attack and scan groups of previously unknown senders. We contribute DarkVec source code and datasets to the community also to stimulate the use of word embeddings to automatically learn patterns on generic traffic traces.
Input-specific control of interneuron numbers in nascent striatal networks

The assembly of functional neuronal circuits requires appropriate numbers of distinct classes of neurons, but the mechanisms through which their relative proportions are established remain poorly defined. Investigating the mouse striatum, here we found that the two most prominent subtypes of striatal interneurons, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) GABAergic and cholinergic (ChAT+) interneurons, undergo extensive programmed cell death between the first and second postnatal weeks. Remarkably, the survival of PV+ and ChAT+ interneurons is regulated by distinct mechanisms mediated by their specific afferent connectivity. While long-range cortical inputs control PV+ interneuron survival, ChAT+ interneuron survival is regulated by local input from the medium spiny neurons. Our results identify input-specific circuit mechanisms that operate during the period of programmed cell death to establish the final number of interneurons in nascent striatal networks.
Measurement And Assessment Techniques For Diagnosis And Control Of Vibrations In Structures

This paper describes the mobility approach to vibration isolation calculations and gives some simple formulae for predicting the point mobilities of structural elements for use in isolation calculations. The power flow approach to machinery installation analysis is outlined, the objective being to use the method to facilitate good installation design. It is inevitable that some vibration is transmitted into supporting structures, particularly at high frequencies, and vibration power transmission may be studied in order to identify transmission mechanisms with the objective of vibration control. Recent developments in structural intensity measurement techniques are therefore also reviewed.
Chitin-induced systemic disease resistance in rice requires both OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP and is mediated via perturbation of cell-wall biogenesis in leaves

Chitin is a well-known elicitor of disease resistance whose recognition by plants is crucial to perceive fungal infections. Chitin can induce both a local immune response and a systemic disease resistance when provided as a supplement in soils. Unlike local immune responses, how chitin-induced systemic disease resistance is deployed has not been studied in detail. In this study, we evaluated systemic disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Bipolaris oryzae by performing a transcriptome analysis and monitoring cell-wall composition in rice plants grown in chitin-supplemented soils. We also examined the local immune response to chitin by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species in leaves. Chitins induced both local immune response and systemic disease resistance with differing requirements for the receptors OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a perturbation in cell-wall biogenesis is involved in the induction of systemic disease resistance, an idea which was supported by the induction of disease resistance by treatment with a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor and alterations of cell-wall composition. These findings suggest that chitin-induced systemic disease resistance in rice is caused by a perturbation of cell-wall biogenesis in leaves through long-distance signalling after recognition of chitins by OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP.
Vibration Analysis for Pigging of Suspension Pipe Bridge

Suspension pipe bridge is the key part of oil and gas pipeline system. Liquid loading during the pigging process will cause strong dynamic load of impact, thus the stability of structure will be destroyed. Paper establishes the pipeline pigging model suffered by the stress, analyzes the stress and vibration equation of the pigging pipeline. With the dynamic finite element simulation by the method of variable load, paper analyzes the vibration numeric of the pigging pipeline when the pig goes through the pipeline. The analysis of this paper provides the technical support and theoretical basis for pigging work.
Mixing Study of Strut Injectors in Supersonic Flows

Mixing characteristics of various strut injectors in supersonic flows were examined using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence technique. CFD studies were used to further the understanding of the aerodynamics and mixing characteristics of the strut injectors. Effects of wedge angle, strut root length, and shape of strut base on fuel distributions were evaluated. Struts with a shorter root length create a stronger flow expansion at the base that enhances the fuel penetration in the transverse direction because of the strong upward transport behind the strut. However, the strong flow expansion in the strut base could also creates the strong flowfield that causes the fuel to be distributed closer to the symmetric plane and potentially reduces the mixing performance.
Steady-State Security Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network

A new approach based on artificial neural network (ANN) is presented for single line contingency evaluation. The proposed method is able to yield system states consequent upon a contingency. Given the bus voltage magnitudes and angles, system conditions can be completely determined. Two suitable radial basis function (RBF) neural network architectures are proposed, one each for voltage magnitude and angle prediction following a contingency. These two networks are trained using the results obtained from off-line load flow calculations. Further, a line flow calculation interface is proposed to calculate active and reactive power flows. The proposed RBF network based approach is most suitable for studying all foreseeable contingencies at planning stage. The proposed scheme has been successfully implemented over sample 6-bus, IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems. The accuracy of the proposed networks is compared with a standard AC load flow algorithm. To demonstrate capability of the proposed RBF neural networks, the results are compared with feed forward error back propagation (FFBP) neural networks.
How Facebook Facilitated the Jasmine Revolution. Conceptualizing the Functions of Online Social Network Communication

This paper investigates the role that the social network platform Facebook played during the so-called Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia at the end of 2010, leading to the toppling of the Tunisian dictator Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali one month later. While in the past, the control of traditional mass media was a major factor for corrupt regimes to maintain their power, the Tunisian case is the first example in the Middle East of a successful revolution brought about by circumventing traditional mass media, transforming an online social media platform originally designed for private communication into a political communication tool. While the Tunisian mass media as well as most Internet sites were tightly controlled and censored by the Ben Ali regime, control over the social network site Facebook proved to be futile. The paper analyzes the case of the Jasmine revolution in order to explain the specific role that social network communication played in the sequence of political events. For this case study, a five-dimensional typology was developed to analyze the various functions the social network platform performed. A further aim of the study is to provide a first typological model of social media functions to be tested in future comparative studies of political and media systems in transition.
Technical validation of real-world monitoring of gait: a multicentric observational study

Introduction Existing mobility endpoints based on functional performance, physical assessments and patient self-reporting are often affected by lack of sensitivity, limiting their utility in clinical practice. Wearable devices including inertial measurement units (IMUs) can overcome these limitations by quantifying digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) both during supervised structured assessments and in real-world conditions. The validity of IMU-based methods in the real-world, however, is still limited in patient populations. Rigorous validation procedures should cover the device metrological verification, the validation of the algorithms for the DMOs computation specifically for the population of interest and in daily life situations, and the users’ perspective on the device. Methods and analysis This protocol was designed to establish the technical validity and patient acceptability of the approach used to quantify digital mobility in the real world by Mobilise-D, a consortium funded by the European Union (EU) as part of the Innovative Medicine Initiative, aiming at fostering regulatory approval and clinical adoption of DMOs. After defining the procedures for the metrological verification of an IMU-based device, the experimental procedures for the validation of algorithms used to calculate the DMOs are presented. These include laboratory and real-world assessment in 120 participants from five groups: healthy older adults; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, proximal femoral fracture and congestive heart failure. DMOs extracted from the monitoring device will be compared with those from different reference systems, chosen according to the contexts of observation. Questionnaires and interviews will evaluate the users’ perspective on the deployed technology and relevance of the mobility assessment. Ethics and dissemination The study has been granted ethics approval by the centre’s committees (London—Bloomsbury Research Ethics committee; Helsinki Committee, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre; Medical Faculties of The University of Tübingen and of the University of Kiel). Data and algorithms will be made publicly available. Trial registration number ISRCTN (12246987).
An integrated maritime surveillance system based on high-frequency surface-wave radars. 1. Theoretical background and numerical simulations

An integrated maritime surveillance (IMS) system, based on high-frequency surface-wave radars (HFSWR), is described. IMS provides low-cost, 24-hour, real-time, over-the-horizon surveillance of large ocean areas, out to the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The system can be used to coordinate search and rescue operations, and to combat smuggling, drug trafficking, illegal dumping of pollutants, and other undesirable activities. The major challenges in using HFSWR are (i) operating within the crowded HF spectrum; and (ii) maintaining effective operation in high environmental noise, ocean clutter, ionospheric clutter and other undesirable sources of interferences. The system is outlined and these problems are addressed. Numerical simulation, as well as stochastic modeling, are presented to demonstrate the physics behind the system.
Alternative to third-party cookies: investigating persistent PII leakage-based web tracking

Many popular websites give users the ability to sign up for their services, which requires personally identifiable information (PII). However, these websites embed third-party tracking and advertising resources, and as a consequence, the authentication flow can intentionally or unintentionally leak PII to these services. Since a user can be identified with PII, trackers can use it for tracking purposes, leading to further privacy leaks when cross-site, cross-browser, and cross-device tracking occur. In this paper, we document a persistent web tracking mechanism that relies on manipulating PII leakage after a user completes the sign-up and sign-in flow (authentication flows) on first-party sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis of leaked PII in the authentication flows. By investigating the authentication flows for 307 popular shopping sites from the Tranco top 10,000 sites, we first discover that 42.3% of sites leak the PII to third-party services. Then, we present a previously unknown persistent web tracking technique based on PII leakage that enables tracking providers to generate and store a unique persistent identifier for a user with his/her browsing history on their tracking servers. By analyzing 130 first-party senders along with 100 third-party receiver domains, we show that PII leakage is a potentially important vector for online tracking for at least 20 providers. In addition, we check the privacy policy of the 130 first-party senders and observe that they are not clear about PII exchange with third parties. Finally, to provide a wider picture of current in-browser privacy protection techniques, we evaluate the effect of browsers and well-known blocklists against PII leakage. We point out that browsers are unable to deal with PII leakage except for Brave with its privacy-improving features, whereas blocklists reduce the number of leaked PII resources but do not fix this problem in general.