Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equal Protection Under the Algorithm : A Legal-Inspired Framework for Identifying Discrimination in Machine Learning

Within the field of ethical machine learning, an area of special concern is the possibility of machine learning algorithms discriminating against groups of people in unethical ways, such as targeting advertisements based on race. In this paper, we propose a framework based on long-standing U.S. legal principles to determine whether the targeting of a group should be viewed with suspicion. Unlike existing work, we are focused on the case when the group is not correlated with known ‘protected features’, or such data is unavailable.
Workshop on Models and Images for Porous Media

The aim of the workshop is to bring together researchers concerned with the studying, modelling, and imaging of porous media and their applications. Experts from different areas, from mathematics to physics and medicine, are invited. The topics will cover various aspects of porous media from mathematical models (random fields, morphology, fractals, etc) to practical applications (osteoporosis, mammograms, cements, etc). There will be tutorial lectures in the morning, invited sessions in the afternoon and a poster session will be organized. The workshop is organized as part of the project ANR-05-BLAN-0017 “mipomodim”.
Comparison of process-based models to quantify nutrient flows and 1 greenhouse gas emissions of milk production 2

18 Assessing and improving the sustainability of dairy production systems is essential to secure future food pro19 duction. This requires a holistic approach that reveals trade-offs between emissions of the different green20 house gases (GHG) and nutrient-based pollutants and ensures that interactions between farm components are 21 taken into account. Process-based models are essential to support whole-farm mass balance accounting, how22 ever, variation between process-based model results may be large and there is a need to compare and better 23 2 understand the strengths and limitations of various models. Here, we use a whole-farm mass-balance approach 24 to compare five process-based models in terms of major nutrient (N, P) flows and greenhouse gas (GHG) emis25 sions associated with milk production at the animal, farm and field-scale. Results show that predicted whole26 farm, global warming impacts were very similar for the two whole farm models with a predicted global warm27 ing impact of approximately 1.1·10 kg CO2eq. /year for both models and a dominant contribution of enteric CH4 28 emissions. Model predictions were also highly comparable, i.e. within a factor of 1.5, for most nutrient flows 29 related to the animal, barn and manure management system, including enteric CH4 emissions, and NH3 emis30 sions from the barn. In contrast, predicted field emissions of N2O and NH3 to air, and N and P losses to the hy31 drosphere, were very variable across models. This indicates that there is a need to further our understanding of 32 soil and crop nutrient flows and that measurement data on nutrient emissions are particularly needed for the 33 field. In addition, there is a need to further understand how the anaerobic digester influences the manure 34 composition and subsequent emissions of N2O and NH3 after application of the digestate to the field. Empirical 35 data on manure composition before and after anaerobic digestion are essential for model evaluation. The 36 whole-farm mass-balance approach is advocated as an essential tool to assess and improve the sustainability of 37 dairy production systems. Our comparison of five process-based models provides insight into the range of ex38 pected emissions associated with milk production. 39 40
Texture and Color Distribution-based Classification for Live Coral Detection

The endangered Acropora cervicornis coral has been considered a bellwether for coral reef habitat change. Given the recent discovery of a concentrated region of growth off Belize, our group is studying automatic abundance estimation of live A. cervicornis with the goal of future rapid assessment monitoring. In this paper we present a novel technique for the automatic segmentation of coral image sets. While others have had limited success applying machine learning techniques on color or texture-based features, our project presents several confounding factors in acquisition and in image content for which we must compensate. Our technique uses color features called quantile functions and SIFT texture features, and classifies local image regions as either live A. cervicornis or other image content using linear Support Vector Machines. We present promising results on a series of images for which we have manual segmentations to train with or test against. We also compare our results to those achieved using established raw color features. Our approach may not only greatly reduce the time cost of future abundance estimates of A. cervicornis, but also may be generalized to other coral vision problems.
Auditory P 300 in Typical Individuals : Age and Gender Effect

The present study aimed at investigating cognitive abilities of typical adults and older adults with normal hearing using P300 event related potential. The P300 measures (both latency and amplitude) did not differ significantly across gender. The P300 latency was found to increase with age, whereas the P300 amplitude reduced significantly with age except in the case of 60-70 years age group. Overall, the P300 measures reflected the ageing effect. Further, the choice of P300 which uses evoked potential (objectively extracted) and language insensitive stimuli can be made to evaluate cognitive linguistic functions in individuals with impaired communication abilities from different linguistic
A speech improver for hearing-impaired children using the DP matching and the SOM

This paper presents a new system, the speech improver, for hearing-impaired children. They may wish to speak as well as hearing-well people does, although it is possible to communicate with finger language or letters. This system has realized such hope by the DP (dynamic programming) matching and a neural network. The SOM (self-organizing map). The former replaces a child's voice with a reference voice, and the latter deals with many kinds of pronunciations as simple compressed data. We use the pitch of the child's voice for synthesis. Namely, this system has been used to correct wrong pronunciations of the child voice into proper pronunciations of the reference voice, with the remaining the characteristics of the child's voice.
Comparison of on-resistance of a power MOSFET by varying temperature

The development of the power MOSFET allows an electronic circuit designer greater flexibility in high power switching applications. This experiment demonstrates that the on-resistance of a power MOSFET decreases significantly when the operating temperature decreases. A comparison of on-resistance is then generated at 77 K, 173 K, 243 K and 295 K to show the effect of cryogenic cooling.
PROPRIETĂȚILE LOR LIANTE PREPARATION OF BIOLOGICAL MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATES NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR BINDING PROPERTIES

XIAONIU YU1,2,3, CHUNXIANG QIAN4, LINZHU SUN1,2,3, ZHIHAI HE5, WEI LI1,2,3, LINGJIE WU1,2,3* College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China 2 Key Laboratory of Engineering and Technology for Soft Soil Foundation and Tideland Reclamation, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, 325035, China 3 Innovation Center of Tideland Reclamation and Ecological Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China 4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
Migration and competition for schools: evidence from primary education in England*

The paper investigates the impact of immigration on the school system in England. We exploit the increase in competition for schools due to the massive inflow of migrants from A8 countries after 2004, and investigate the impact on natives’ allocation in primary schools. In particular, because of their faith, the rapid increase in Polish-born resident in England has boosted the competition for Catholic schools, on average better performing and already oversubscribed. This quasi-experimental setting enables us to estimate the impact of a positive demand shock on natives’ enrollment and its consequences on their final allocation. We deal with the endogenous sorting of Polish migrants by adopting a novel instrumental variable based on the dispersal policy implemented in the UK after WWII. Our results Results suggest that a higher presence of non-natives lowers the probability of natives of attending Catholic schools. We observe that areas characterized by increase in competition for schools due to Polish settlements experience a shift of natives from Catholic to non-faith schools. However, we do not find evidence of detrimental effects on natives associated to changes in allocation. Finally, we show that the results are not driven by the ’London effect’. JEL Classification: F22, I20, I28, R23.
Detecting Unenrolled Subjects in Face Galleries

Face recognition plays an important role in biometric and surveillance systems. In many real situations, it is required that the face recognition system first detect whether or not the test face image has a correspondent subject in the gallery. It is the case, for instance, when detecting a set of wanted subjects in the crowd: if the system misses a detection, it may incorrectly identify a subject as wanted. Another case is when we track subjects in images of surveillance cameras: if an individual appears in one image, we must determine if he/she has not appeared in other images before enrolling him/her as a new subject in the face gallery. Results show that enrolling a subject in a face gallery that already contain him/her can decrease the overall accuracy of a face identification system. Motivated by those issues, we propose and evaluate five approaches to detect unenrolled subjects in the face gallery based on face identification. The proposed approaches are evaluated in the FRGC dataset, which is a standard and challenging dataset for face recognition. Keywords-watch-list; face recognition; open set recognition
Imagerie des tumeurs cérébrales de l’enfant Imaging of brain tumors in children

MOTS CLÉS Cerveau ; Tumeurs ; IRM ; Diffusion ; Perfusion ; Spectroscopie ; Enfant Résumé Peu de séries existent dans la littérature sur les techniques IRM avancées dans les tumeurs cérébrales pédiatriques. Le but de cette revue est d’identifier un essai de caractérisation tissulaire des principales tumeurs cérébrales de l’enfant, en particulier à partir des données existantes sur l’imagerie de diffusion, de perfusion et de spectrométrie de protons par résonance magnétique (SRM), sachant que les tumeurs hémisphériques cérébrales supratentorielles sont peu fréquentes comparées à la population adulte. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
View-dependent pixel coloring: a physically-based approach for two-dimensional view synthesis

The basic goal of traditional computer graphics is to generate 2D images of a synthetic scene represented by a 3D analytical model. When it comes to real scenes however, one usually does not have a 3D model. If however one has access to 2D images of the scene gathered from a few cameras, one can use view synthesis techniques to generate 2D images from various viewing angles between and around the cameras. In this dissertation I introduce a fully automatic, physically-based framework for view synthesis that I call View-dependent Pixel Coloring (VDPC). VDPC uses a hybrid approach that estimates the most likely color for every picture element of an image from the desired view, while simultaneously estimating a view-dependent 3D model of the scene. By taking into account a variety of factors including object occlusions, surface geometry and materials, and lighting, VDPC has produced superior results under some very challenging conditions—in particular—in the presence of textureless regions and specular highlights, conditions that cause conventional approaches to fail. In addition, VDPC can be implemented on commodity graphics hardware under certain simplifying assumptions. The basic idea is to use texture-mapping functions to warp the input images to the desired view point, and use programmable pixel rendering functions to decide the most consistent color for each pixel in the output image. By exploiting the fast speed and tremendous amount of parallelism inherent in today's graphics board, one can achieve real-time, on-line view synthesis of a dynamic scene.
P o S ( E F T 0 9 ) 0 6 5 Effective Field Theories for the X ( 3872 )

I summarize the properties of the X(3872) and explain why they lead inevitably to the conclusion that it is a weakly-bound charm meson molecule. The tiny binding energy of the X(3872) makes this system an ideal application of effective field theory. A good first approximation is provided by a field theory in which the charm mesons have contact interactions only. An effective field theory called X-EFT that includes explicit pions can be used to systematically improve the accuracy of the description of this remarkable resonance.
Design of a dual-computer cluster system and availability evaluation

Considering high-availability of the storage system has become a highly desirable property for network attached storage systems, we develop a special software application supporting the dual-computer fault-tolerant scheme. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a dual-computer fault-tolerant system. It includes two fundamental techniques: data mirroring and failover. The data mirroring technique is based on logging and tracking scheme. The failover is realized by heartbeat detection and automatically take over functions. According as availability definition, the theoretical analysis for the dual-computer system has been presented. The finds show that the integration of data mirroring and failover techniques can provide higher availability for the network based storage systems. Network managers can turn to this dual-computer scheme as the solution to resolve the increased demand on the file system availability at file server level.
The lessons we learnt: the nature of early professional learning for beginning teachers in Victorian secondary schools through induction and mentoring relationships

This phenomenological oriented case study examined the nature of the professional learning that resulted from the interactions that beginning teachers had with both their formal and informal mentors. Qualitative data were analysed using the works of Bourdieu and Wenger as theoretical frameworks to understand the nature of learning as a result of the reported formal and informal mentor relationships.
SuDoku: Tolerating High-Rate of Transient Failures for Enabling Scalable STTRAM

Conventionally, systems have relied on technology scaling to provide smaller cells, which helps in increasing the capacity of on-chip and off-chip structures. Unfortunately, scaling technology to smaller nodes causes increased susceptibility to faults. We study the problem of efficiently tolerating transient failures using scalable Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) as an example. At smaller feature sizes, the energy required to flip a STTRAM cell reduces, which makes these cells more susceptible to random failures caused by thermal noise. Such failures can be tolerated by periodic scrubbing and provisioning each line with Error Correction Code (ECC). However, to tolerate the desired bit-error-rate, the cache needs ECC-6 (six bit error correction) per line, incurring impractical storage overheads. Ideally, we want to tolerate these faults without relying on multi-bit ECC. We propose SuDoku, a design that provisions each line with ECC-1 and a strong error detection code, and relies on a region-based RAID-4 to perform correction of multi-bit errors. Unfortunately, simply having such a RAID-4 based architecture is ineffective at tolerating a high-rate of transient faults and provides an MTTF in the order of only a few seconds. We describe a novel data resurrection scheme that can repair multiple faulty lines in a RAID-4 region to increase the MTTF to several hours. We propose an extension of SuDoku, which hashes a given line into two regions of RAID-4 to significantly enhance reliability and increase the MTTF to trillions of hours. Our evaluations show that SuDoku provides 874x higher reliability than ECC-6, incurs 30% less storage than ECC-6, and performs within 0.1% of an ideal fault-free baseline.
Enhancing Transmission Capacity of Weighted Networks

How to control the traffic congestion and improve the transmission capacity of weighted network is of great importance in real world networks. In some weighted networks, the weight is the geographic distance between nodes. The transmission capacity of weighted network is investigated according to different node delivery capability schemes. In the schemes that delivery capability of each node is proportional to its degree and proportional to its strength, the transmission capacity can be enhanced greatly after deleting some edges while the network integrity is still maintained. Simulations show that deleting edges according to their original weight is proved to be more effective. It is of great practical importance in designing the network topological structure.
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 99 , 144423 ( 2019 ) Possible Mott transition in layered Sr 2 Mn 3 As 2 O 2 single crystals

Single crystals of Sr2Mn3As2O2 have been grown for the first time, for which we show a possible layerselective Mott insulator behavior. This compound stands out as a hybrid structure of MnO2 and MnAs layers, analogously to the active CuO2 and FeAs layers, respectively, in the cuprate and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Electrical transport, neutron diffraction measurements, together with density functional theory calculations on Sr2Mn3As2O2 single crystals converge toward a picture of independent magnetic order at T1 ∼ 79 K and T2 ∼ 360 K for the two Mn sublattices, with insulating behavior at odds with the metallic behavior predicted by calculations. Furthermore, our inelastic neutron-scattering studies of spin-wave dispersions for the Mn(1) sublattice reveal an effective magnetic exchange coupling of SJ ∼ 3.7 meV. This is much smaller than those for the Mn(2) sublattice.
Knowledge-based Decision Support In Anesthesia: A Case Study

The management of narcosis open-heart surgery imposes strict requirements on the quality of the anesthesiologist's attentiveness and decisions during his task of patient monitoring and controlling the patient's vital parameterss. It is assumed that knowledge-based decision support can assist the anesthesiologist, provided that the human-computer-interaction is carefully designed and the knowledge base provides adequate concepts for modelnq the main structures of medical reasoning. An approach to design such a knowledge-based decision support system for a specific field of anesthesia, AES-2 (Anesthesia Decision Support System), is presented. This system generates both "intelligent alarms and appropriate therapy recommendations.
Correction Factor Optimization in User Profile Similarities

The focus of this paper is aimed towards the field of the recommender systems. It will strive to propose a combination of some of the methods used to calculate the similarity among users adding some variations and tendency analysis. The final aim is to obtain more efficient similarity calculations and thus more accurate recommendations provided to the user. We have tested these methods in a personal recommender system of sport trips that we have developed. This system recommends the best matching offers to the user based on his characteristics and search preferences.
Making Content Instruction Accessible for English Language Learners

The everyday demands of classroom instruction increase in complexity from year to year—with respect to curricular demands, accountability, and the diversity of the student population. New state frameworks and instructional trends require grade-level curricular standards to continually change. The demands of accountability vis-a-vis state standards and student performance on standardized tests influence district policies regarding instructional practices and how to best address the needs of the burgeoning numbers of English language learners. In addition, the linguistic diversity of English language learners has important implications for the design of programs intended to address the range of levels of English language learners’ oral fluency, literacy skills, and cognitive growth. A variety of materials can be used to engage learners in English language content instruction; however, if these students are to attain grade-level standards in English language subject matter instruction, they must master communicative and cognitive skills as well as master strategies for reading and learning from expository text, the staple of content instruction and the dominant type of text included in materials employed to teach content. This formidable mix of demands requires an answer to these two questions: (1) How can teachers effectively manage the complexity of skill, content, and English language development instruction and also make this instruction accessible to English language learners? (2) What are the implications for determining appropriate instructional materials? This chapter will present ideas and strategies to help teachers optimize the education of English language learners in subject matter instruction. The
User Experience Evaluation in BCI: Bridge the Gap

While there is a gap between user-centered human-computer interaction (HCI) research and the more technology driven brain-computer interface (BCI) research, there are numerous possibilities and advantages for the two fields to help each other. Methods to evaluate the user experience of BCI systems include: 1) involvement of users in the design process, 2) administration of standardized questionnaires, 3) assessment of cognitive and physiological state.
Polycentrism and the Terminology of Polity in Early Israel

The southern Levant has a history of persistent polycentrism, the existence of multiple and dispersed centers of autonomous social and political power. This was no less the case in Israel during the pre-monarchic and early-monarchic periods. The structure of society and polity in early Israel matched this polycentric context, and this is reflected in the particular terminology of polity that appears in the biblical books that narrate this period. The present essay seeks to review and discuss this terminology and to show how reflective it is of polycentric environment.