Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition and volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from oxidation of real tree emissions compared to simplified volatile organic compound (VOC) systems

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important constituent of the atmosphere where SOA particles are formed chiefly by the condensation or reactive uptake of oxidation products of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The mass yield in SOA particle formation, as well as the chemical composition and volatility of the particles, is determined by the identity of the VOC precursor(s) and the oxidation conditions they experience. In this study, we used an oxidation flow reactor to generate biogenic SOA from the oxidation of Scots pine emissions. Mass yields, chemical composition and volatility of the SOA particles were characterized and compared with SOA particles formed from oxidation of α -pinene and from a mixture of acyclic–monocyclic sesquiterpenes (farnesenes and bisabolenes), which are significant components of the Scots pine emissions. SOA mass yields for Scots pine emissions dominated by farnesenes were lower than for α -pinene but higher than for the artificial mixture of farnesenes and bisabolenes. The reduction in the SOA yield in the farnesene- and bisabolene-dominated mixtures is due to exocyclic C = C bond scission in these acyclic–monocyclic sesquiterpenes during ozonolysis leading to smaller and generally more volatile products. SOA particles from the oxidation of Scots pine emissions had similar or lower volatility than SOA particles formed from either a single precursor or a simple mixture of VOCs. Applying physical stress to the Scots pine plants increased their monoterpene, especially monocyclic β -phellandrene, emissions, which further decreased SOA particle volatility and increased SOA mass yield. Our results highlight the need to account for the chemical complexity and structure of real-world biogenic VOC emissions and stress-induced changes to plant emissions when modelling SOA production and properties in the atmosphere. These results emphasize that a simple increase or decrease in relative monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions should not be used as an indicator of SOA particle volatility.
Resin adsorption application for product separation and catalyst recycling in coupled enzymatic catalysis to produce 1,3‐propanediol and dihydroxyacetone for repeated batch

Glycerol can be converted to 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) simultaneously by coupled enzymatic catalysis reaction with in situ cofactor regeneration. However, traditional separation methods for product extraction and catalyst (enzyme and cofactor) recycling had some drawbacks for the repeated‐batch enzymatic catalysis reaction. In this work, a new separation method based on resin adsorption was investigated and applied in the repeated‐batch enzymatic catalysis reaction for the simultaneous production of 1,3‐PD and DHA from glycerol. A type of resin, DA201, which adsorbed much more products (adsorption amount > 260 mg/g resin) than enzymes and cofactor (adsorption amount < 16 mg/g resin), was screened out and applied as an adsorbent of products. The coupled enzymatic system was actually sustained for 10 h before and after resin adsorption. The total turnover number for cofactor was 121 and the total productivity of 1,3‐PD and DHA was 0.24 g/L/h. A new method of product separation and catalyst recycling based on resin adsorption was successfully developed and could be applied in the coupled enzymatic catalysis for the production of valuable chemicals in industry.
Total antioxidant capacity: A tool for evaluating the nutritional status of dairy heifers and cows

The nutritional status of dairy heifers and cows in Nova Scotia and Ontario was evaluated by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma antioxidants. Lactating cows had higher TAC levels compared to dry cows (P < 0.005). The TAC levels in cows were higher in Ontario compared to Nova Scotia (P < 0.001), and varied with changes in seasons, being highest in winter and summer in Nova Scotia and highest in the fall and spring in Ontario (P < 0.001). Key words: Antioxidant, dairy heifer
A Highly Reliable Propulsion System with Onboard Uninterruptible Power Supply for Train Application: Topology and Control

Providing uninterrupted electricity service aboard the urban trains is of vital importance not only for reliable signaling and accurate traffic management but also for ensuring the safety of passengers and supplying emergency equipment such as lighting and signage systems. Hence, to alleviate power shortages caused by power transmission failures while the uninterruptible power supplies installed in the railway stations are not available, this paper suggests an innovative traction drive topology which is equipped by an onboard hybrid energy storage system for railway vehicles. Besides, to limit currents magnitudes and voltages variations of the feeder during train acceleration and to recuperate braking energy during train deceleration, an energy management strategy is presented. Moreover, a new optimal model predictive method is developed to control the currents of converters and storages as well as the speeds of the two open-end-windings permanent-magnet-synchronous-machines in the intended modular drive, under their constraints. Although to improve control dynamic performance, the control laws are designed as a set of piecewise affine functions from the control signals based on an offline procedure, the controller can still withstand real-time non-measurable disturbances. The effectiveness of proposed multifunctional propulsion topology and the feasibility of the designed controller are demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.
Identification of Aircraft Wake Vortex Based on SVM

The aircraft wake vortex has important influence on the operation of the airspace utilization ratio. Particularly, the identification of aircraft wake vortex using the pulsed Doppler lidar characteristics provides a new knowledge of wake turbulence separation standards. This paper develops an efficient pattern recognition-based method for identifying the aircraft wake vortex measured with the pulsed Doppler lidar. The proposed method is outlined in two stages. (i) First, a classification model based on support vector machine (SVM) is introduced to extract the radial velocity features in the wind fields by combining the environmental parameters. (ii) Then, grid search and cross-validation based on soft margin SVM with kernel tricks are employed to identify the aircraft wake vortex, using the test dataset. The dataset includes wake vortices of various aircrafts collected at the Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport from Aug 16, 2018, to Oct 10, 2018. The experimental results on dataset show that the proposed method can identify the aircraft wake vortex with only a small loss, which ensures the satisfactory robustness in detection performance.
Field emission and electron energy distributions from point-type triangular-shaped emitters made of thin graphene films

We report on fabrication and detailed characterization of point-type graphene emitters, which can be further used as electron sources in modern vacuum devices. Two-dimensional free-standing and triangular-shaped field emitters with the tip angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° and a height of ∼1 mm were made of thin graphene films of varying thicknesses (2.5-μm and 8-μm). The field emission properties of these emitters were systematically investigated by different measurement techniques. Wider and thicker graphene film emitters exhibited better stability and provided higher emission currents (up to ∼100–420 μA). The short-term current fluctuations stayed within 8%–14%. The graphene film emitter with a tip angle of 90° and 8-μm thick yielded a high field emission current of up to 2.2 mA at 9 V/μm. All emitters reproducible showed a non-linear Fowler–Nordheim behavior, which was correlated with the electron energy spectroscopy results. High-resolved energy spectra showed that up to three discrete peaks can be observed from the graphene edges at currents of <1 μA. The integral energy distributions of electrons at higher currents showed single broad emission spectra with a width of up to 1–2 eV. Additionally, graphene point emitters were characterized in various vacuum environments (Xe, Ar, N2, H2, O2, and air), different pressure levels (2 × 10−4 Pa, 2 × 10−3 Pa, and 2 × 10−2 Pa), and at various distances between the anode and the graphene emitter tip. The results showed that graphene emitters can operate in non-ultrahigh vacuum conditions, and further optimization of the vacuum gap could result in a lower turn-on voltage.
Desempenho de cultivares de couve-flor em diferentes manejos fitossanitários em cultivos de verão/outono, sob plantio direto, em Santa Catarina

João Vieira Neto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-0038 Doutor em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Pesquisador na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural (EPAGRI) de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga/SC – Brasil. E-mail: joaoneto@epagri.sc. gov.br. Paulo Antônio de Souza Gonçalves https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-9499 Doutor em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais pela Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Pesquisador na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural (EPAGRI) de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga/SC – Brasil. E-mail: pasg@epagri.sc. gov.br. Francisco Olmar Gervini de Menezes Júnior https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-4060 Doutorado em Produção Vegetal pela Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM)/Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Pesquisador em Olericultura na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural (EPAGRI) de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga/SC – Brasil. E-mail: franciscomenezes@epagri.sc. gov.br. Edivânio Rodrigues de Araújo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-613X Doutorado em Fitopatologia na Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Pesquisador na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural (EPAGRI) de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga/SC – Brasil. E-mail: edivanioaraujo@epagri.sc. gov.br. Claudinei Kurtz http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-6139 Doutor em Ciência do Solo pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Pesquisador na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural (EPAGRI) de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga/SC – Brasil. E-mail: kurtz@epagri.sc. gov.br.
Policy attachment in the arts: the underlying agendas of arts’ social role

ABSTRACT Debates on arts’ social role have been prominent in cultural policy and research for the past decades. Claims for what the arts “do” to people and the ways in which they can bring about both individual and societal transformation are plentiful, not seldom in association with a wider debate about the rationales for public support of the arts. Consequently, the reflection on participation in the arts, and its implications for cultural policies, has gained in relevance. In Flanders, the recognition of participatory arts practices within the framework of the Arts Decree is illustrative in that vein. In this article, we argue, however, that the ongoing debate fails to be explicit about the underlying agendas to which this social role intentionally and/or unintentionally accommodates. We aim to enrich this debate by reporting on the findings of semi-structured interviews with art intermediaries working within different art organisations in Flanders and Brussels.
Impact of Environmental Diversity in Egypt on Catharanthus roseus Cultivars Genome and Assessment that by Different DNA Markers

The genetic diversity relationship was studied among ten cultivars of Catharanthus roseus depending on geographic locations in Egypt (five governorates: Marsa Matruh, Kafr ash-Shaykh, Port Said, Cairo, and Bur-Safajah) and two colors of flowers (white and pink) by using RAPD and ISSR assay. In the RAPD assay, four primers amplified gave low polymorphism (30%) and (18%) in ISSR markers. The highest value of similarity was 1, while the lowest value of similarity indexed was 0.539. In ISSR analysis, 17.6% polymorphism was observed, the highest value of similarity was 1 and the lowest value of similarity index recorded was 0.106. The combined RAPD and ISSR analysis data revealed the highest similarity was observed (0.984) but, the least similarity was (0.448). The primer OP-L13 only was given two specific markers in RAPD assay. The present study revealed RAPD would be a useful assay compared to the ISSR phylogenetic assay for studies to identify the genetic diversity of the genome. The Principle component analysis (PCA) of RAPD and ISSR assays by using 4 primers (both of them) was studied among ten genotypes cultivars of Catharanthus roseus plant. The results showed that the RAPD assay was given three clusters with 72.66 and 25.35% of the variance, the ISSR assay given two clusters with 75.55 and 24.26% of the variance. On the other hand the combined RAPD and ISSR assays were given the three clusters with 67.01 and 20.74% of the variance.
The conditional nature of publication bias: a meta-regression analysis

Abstract Publication bias is pervasive in social and behavioral sciences because journals and scholars tend to reward and be rewarded for statistically significant findings. However, the determinants of the severity of publication bias are less well understood. We argue that publication bias depends on whether an independent variable is a key variable or statistical control in traditional regression modeling. The bias should be severe only for the key variable that relates to a central question and hypothesis in a study. We offer an empirical strategy to detect the conditional nature of publication bias. As an illustration, we perform a meta-regression of 229 model estimates from 36 articles in the democracy-foreign direct investment literature. We find that publication bias is most severe when democracy is a key variable, but appears weak when democracy is a control. Our research demonstrates that empirical estimates for key and control variables follow different data generation processes and makes a novel contribution to the study of publication bias that affects many research areas.
Crossbreeding in farm animals. V. Analysis of crossbreeding plans with secondary crossbred generations

Summary Starting with the consideration of a two-locus system of a diploid organism, a general model for crossbreeding parameters, including additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance effects, is derived. A general procedure for the calculation of the coefficients of the crossbreeding parameters is described. As the number of parameters in the general model is high, reparametrization conditions must be introduced to reduce this number. The derivation of 13 models for two source populations known from the literature is demonstrated. Four new models for a detailed analysis of epistatic effects in crossbreeding plans with more than two source populations are presented. An example from cattle breeding is given. Problems connected with the reparametrization and the estimation of effects are discussed. Zusammenfassung Kreuzungszucht bei Nutztieren. V. Analyse von Kreuzungsplanen mit sekundaren Kreuzungsgenerationen Ausgehend von der Betrachtung eines Zweilokus-Systems eines diploiden Organismus wird ein allgemeines Modell fur Kreuzungsparameter abgeleitet, das additive, dominante, additiv × additive, additiv × dominante und dominant × dominante Effekte enthalt. Eine allgemeine Methode zur Berechnung der Koeffizienten der Kreuzungsparameter wird beschrieben. Da die Anzahl der Parameter im allgemeinen Modell hoch ist, mussen Reparametrisierungsbedingungen eingefuhrt werden, um diese Anzahl zu senken. Die Ableitung von 13 Modellen fur zwei Ausgangspopulationen, die aus der Literatur bekannt sind, wird demonstriert. Vier neue Modelle fur eine detaillierte Analyse von epistatischen Effekten in Kreuzungsplanen mit mehr als zwei Ausgangspopulationen werden vorgestellt. Ein Beispiel aus der Rinderzuchtung wird angefuhrt. Probleme, die mit der Reparametrisierung und der Schatzung der Effekte zusammenhangen, werden diskutiert.
Ferruginous hawk nesting ecology and raptor populations in northern South Dakota

Studies of raptors have increased recently because some species have shown serious population declines (Ratcliffe 1967, Hickey 1969). Information on population dynamics and breeding biology of raptors in southwestern United States has been reported by Weston (1968), Platt (1971), and Smith and Murphy (1973), but except for the study of Olendorff (1973) little data have been published on raptor populations in the northern Great Plains since the early 1900's. This paper presents data on the ecology of the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) with notes on other raptors in McPherson County, in northcentral South Dakota during 1973 and 1974.
A Differential Cross-Coupling Common Gate Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for MedRadio Band Application

In this paper, we present an ultra-low-power Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for MedRadio band application. The LNA in this paper is known as differential cross-coupling common gate amplifier. The main structure of the design is the common gate configuration amplifier. A new technique such as cross-coupling technique is integrated to improve the gain and noise figure of the amplifier. The differential topology is finally implemented to improve the overall performance of the LNA. The final LNA is implemented in CMOS by using Silterra’s CMOS 180 nm technology. The LNA is designed with voltage supply equal to 1 V. The current consumption is equal to 0.2 mA. Therefore, the overall power consumption of the LNA is equal to 0.2 mW. Apart from this, the final simulated power gain for complete differential cross-coupling common gate amplifier is equal to 17.2 dB, and the simulated noise figure is equal to 5.4 dB. The designed LNA can operate from 80 MHz to 800 MHz. In addition, MOSCAPs are used to replace all the conventional passive capacitors in order to reduce the overall area of the LNA. 
Theoretical Aspects of Selection for Yield in Stress and Non-Stress Environment 1

Tolerance to stress is defined as the difference in yield between stress and nonstress environments, while mean productivity is the average yield in stress and nonstress environments. Equations are developed for the genetic correlations of tolerance and mean productivity with one another and with yields in stress and nonstress environments in terms of the ratio of genetic variances and the genetic correlations between yield in stress and nonstress environments. The equations show that selection for tolerance to stress will generally result in a reduced mean yield in nonstress environments and a decrease in mean productivity. Selection for mean productivity will generally increase mean yields in both stress and nonstress environments. Tolerance and mean productivity show negative genetic correlations when the genetic variance in stress environments is less than the genetic variance in nonstress environments.
Meta-cognition and resistance to political persuasion: evidence from a three-wave panel study

ABSTRACT We investigate the temporal course of meta-cognition and resistance processes following exposure to counter-attitudinal information in the 2012 Presidential election. Using a unique 3-wave survey panel design, we tracked eligible voters during the last months of the 2012 campaign and experimentally manipulated exposure to negative political messages targeting Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on an online platform. As predicted, we found that politically unengaged (vs. engaged) individuals were less likely to counter-argue a message attacking their favored candidate. Resistance, in turn, led to increased attitudinal certainty, polarization, and correspondence with actual voting behavior over the course of the campaign. These findings provide the first analysis of the longitudinal effects of meta-cognitive processes underlying persuasion for real-world attitude change and behavior.
Phytosanitary Quality of Genotypes of Wheat Seeds Used Northern Paraná State

Wheat seeds can be infested and/or infected by microorganisms that might cause deterioration of this propagation structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health quality of sixteen wheat genotypes grown in northern Parana. Therefore, seeds of each genotype were submitted to the blotter test with 16 repetitions, 400 seeds per sample, for phytosanitary quality evaluation. The identification of the fungi was performed based on their morphological characteristics and quantified data. The results revealed variations in incidence, with 20 fungi genera in the analyzed samples. The fungi Rhizopus sp. , Aspergillus sp. , Penicillium sp. and Bipolaris sp. were found in 100% of the analyzed samples, while Mucor sp. and Alternaria sp. were in 89% and 78% of the samples, respectively. The main pathogens that cause diseases in the aerial part of wheat were not found, or were low incidence in all materials analyzed. The pathogens with the highest incidence associated with wheat seeds were groups of storage fungi and known to produce mycotoxins.
Electrochemical properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using Hagenia abyssinica (Brace) JF. Gmel. medicinal plant leaf extract

The biogenic/green silver nanoparticles (g-Ag NPs) were synthesised by using the extract of indigenous medicinal plant of Ethiopia, Hagenia abyssinica (Brace) JF. Gmel. leaf extract for the first time, to investigate the synergistic effect of biomolecules towards the enhancement of electrochemical properties of NPs. The synthesized g-Ag NPs were characterized by UV-visible, UV-DRS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDXA, TEM, HRTEM and SAED techniques. The maximum absorbance, λmax was found to be 461 nm for g-Ag NPs due to surface plasmon resonance. The energy gap, Eg of NPs, was found to be 2.31 eV. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds responsible for possible capping and stabilisation of g-Ag NPs. The XRD analysis revealed that the g-Ag NPs are highly crystalline exhibiting sharp peaks for (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes in the diffraction pattern. SEM and TEM micrographs showed differently shaped Ag particles in addition to spherical shape. The average particle size of NPs was found to be 24.08 nm using imageJ analysis. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Ag in the g-Ag NPs. In addition, the SAED pattern of g-Ag NPs presented concentric patterns for 4 major planes of crystalline silver. The d-spacing values of 0.2428 nm, 0.2126 nm, 0.1483 nm and 0.1263 nm corresponds to d111Ag, d200Ag, d220Ag and d311Ag lattice fringes respectively. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results suggest that g-Ag NPs possess better electrochemical properties due to its lower charge transfer resistance value of 17 Ω. EIS studies too revealed better stability of g-Ag NPs as electrode materials.
Effect of NAA on the development, apoplastic peroxidase activities, and peroxidase isoenzymes in chicory root explants

Summary NAA significantly modified the growth of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Bea) root explants cultured for 12 d in either light or darkness. It also reduced the chlorophyll and the lignin content, peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activities such as guaiacol peroxidase, auxin oxidase, and syringaldazine peroxidase in light as well as in darkness. There was a positive relationship between specific syringaldazine peroxidase activity and the lignin content, as well as between anionic peroxidases and lignification. Conversely, specific IAA oxidase activity and fresh weight were negatively correlated. NAA enhanced the expression of cationic peroxidase isoenzymes, particularly a peroxidase isoform pI 8.9 (Cicpx), in darkness and in light. This Cicpx was not involved in the lignification process. NAA is suggested as exerting an inhibitory effect on the biosynthetic pathways of tetrapyrrole-containing compounds.