Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimum selection of mechanism type for heavy manipulators based on particle swarm optimization method

The mechanism type plays a decisive role in the mechanical performance of robotic manipulators. Feasible mechanism types can be obtained by applying appropriate type synthesis theory, but there is still a lack of effective and efficient methods for the optimum selection among different types of mechanism candidates. This paper presents a new strategy for the purpose of optimum mechanism type selection based on the modified particle swarm optimization method. The concept of sub-swarm is introduced to represent the different mechanisms generated by the type synthesis, and a competitive mechanism is employed between the sub-swarms to reassign their population size according to the relative performances of the mechanism candidates to implement the optimization. Combining with a modular modeling approach for fast calculation of the performance index of the potential candidates, the proposed method is applied to determine the optimum mechanism type among the potential candidates for the desired manipulator. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study on the optimum selection of mechanism type of a heavy manipulator where six feasible candidates are considered with force capability as the specific performance index. The optimization result shows that the fitness of the optimum mechanism type for the considered heavy manipulator can be up to 0.578 5. This research provides the instruction in optimum selection of mechanism types for robotic manipulators.
‘Democracy and Active Citizenship Are Not Just About the Elections’: Youth Civic and Political Participation During and Beyond Singapore’s Nine-day Pandemic Election (GE2020)

Youths have responded to the unprecedented socio-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic through civic and political participation. However, knowledge gaps exist with documenting specific motivations and forms involved in participation, as well as the implications for subsequent engagement. Using public podcast episodes produced by the author during Singapore’s nine-day election campaign held under lockdown, youth perspectives were analysed thematically to understand youth motivations, participation forms and how participation shapes future sociopolitical engagement. Findings suggest that Singaporean youth were motivated to build awareness and activism and take action between elections and during GE2020. Youth participation was a mix of conventional and non-conventional activities with seamless digital transitions. That any form of participation during the election resulted in youth resolve to continue or expand their engagement beyond GE2020, with awareness and activism and action perceived as mutually reinforcing motivations, has implications for future political behaviours and activities and issues in which youth are engaged.
Impact of tunnel currents and channel resistance on the characterization of channel inversion layer charge and polysilicon-gate depletion of sub-20-/spl Aring/ gate oxide MOSFETs

This paper discusses the limitations on MOSFET test structures used in extracting the polysilicon gate doping from capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis in strong inversion, especially for ultrathin gate oxides. It is shown that for sub-20-/spl Aring/ oxide MOS devices, transistors with channel lengths less than about 10 /spl mu/m will be needed to avoid an extrinsic capacitance roll-off in strong inversion. The upper limit of the channel length has been estimated using a new simple transmission-line-model of the terminal capacitance, which accounts for the nonnegligible gate tunneling current and finite channel resistance.
Analytical study of special girder moment frames using a mixed shear–flexural link element

The present paper introduces a mixed shear–flexural (VM) link element that is capable of modelling shear yielding, flexural yielding, and their interaction under monotonic and cyclic loadings. The inelastic deformations are modelled using the multisurfaces approach with dissimilar yield surfaces and a stiffness matrix with nonzero off-diagonal components in shear–flexural space. A new kinematic hardening and new non-associated flow rules are employed. A special girder, which has an open web in the middle, is introduced and modelled using the developed VM link element. It is shown that the results of analyses using the VM link element are in good agreement with those from a finite element analysis. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on a benchmark ordinary moment frame (OMF) and its improved versions with special girders. The special girder moment frame (SGMF), which consists of special girders at the lower storeys and ordinary girders at the roof level, has better seismic performance.Key words: mixe.
A SPICE compatible model of tapped-inductor PWM converters

An average model of tapped inductor (TI) PWM topology was developed and verified experimentally. The proposed generic and topology independent model is compatible with SPICE and can be run on any electronic circuit simulator for DC (static transfer function), AC (small signal) and TRAN (large signal, time domain) analyses. The model can also be applied to derive analytical expressions of static and dynamic transfer functions. It is shown that the classical PWM topologies are private cases of the TI topologies and can be analyzed and simulated by the TI model developed in this study. The proposed simulation methodology was applied to study the advantages and weaknesses of TI PWM topologies. <<ETX>>
Re: Proposal for Amending the ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Integral LED Lamps

The current Energy Star requirement sets the minimum operating frequency for LED replacement lamps at 150 Hz. The proposed amendment would change this requirement to 120 Hz. The operating frequency results in a flicker of the light emitted by LEDs. LSG believes that the current 150 Hz requirement for LED replacement bulbs is a reasonably safe standard. The lower frequency ranges have not been sufficiently investigated with regard to adverse biologic response and thus the change could adversely affect human health and safety.
IoT Based Solar Panel Tracking System with Weather Monitoring System

Solar power is the burgeoning method of continual energy. The assignment is designed and carried out the use of dual axis sun tracker system. In order to maximise power era from solar, it’s important to introduce sun ray monitoring systems into solar electricity production. A dual-axis tracker can boom power through monitoring solar rays from switching photovoltaic cells in various directions. These photovoltaic cells can rotate in all directions. The LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) have been used to feel the depth of mild at 30 degree every or at 180 degree general and ship the information to microcontroller. This assignment also can be used to experience rain drop, temperature and humidity using sensor and they may be displayed on LCD. We can save the Solar energy in battery.
Numerical lifting line theory applied to drooped leading-edge wings below and above stall

A numerical iterative solution to the classical Prandtl lifting-line theory, suitably modified for poststall behavior, is used to study the aerodynamic characteristics of straight rectangular finite wings with and without leading-edge droop. This study is prompted by the use of such leading-edge modifications to inhibit stall/spins in light general aviation aircraft. The results indicate that lifting-line solutions at high angle of attack can be obtained that agree with experimental data to within 20%, and much closer for many cases. Therefore, such solutions give reasonable preliminary engineering results for both drooped and undrooped wings in the poststall region. However, as predicted by von Karman, the lifting-line solutions are not unique when sectional negative lift slopes are encountered. In addition, the present numerical results always yield symmetrical lift distributions along the span, in contrast to the asymmetrical solutions observed by Schairer in the late 1930's. Finally, a series of parametric tests at low angle of attack indicate that the effect of drooped leading edges on aircraft cruise performance is minimal.
The Control System of Automated Stereoscopic Warehouse with Application of Web Information Technology

The entire structure of automated warehouse control system is determined. The industrial control computer, the graphical user interface, PLC and other devices are connected by the CAN bus. The radio frequency identification system is used to the identification of the goods in warehouse. Its composition and the working principle are discussed, and the recognition system workflow is designed. The paper discussed the implementation of system control bus and the workflow of control software. The warehouse management system is designed to work well reflected in the network information technology. The connected automated warehouse with the warehouse management system is a better solution to the entire supply chain problems in companies
A DQN-Based Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain in IoT Networks

The integration of the blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) systems can effectively guarantee data security in IoT applications. To facilitate the use of blockchain on resource-constrained IoT end devices, we propose RAFT+ with a new leader selection scheme in this article, which is based on the distributed consensus algorithm RAFT. The design of RAFT+ aims at mitigating the imparities between different types of IoT end devices and enabling these devices to allow different types of IoT end devices to participate in block consensus, thus maintaining strong consistency of the blockchain network. The leader selection scheme is generated by a deep ${Q}$ -Network (DQN), which can make the optimal selection of the leader under various conditions by leveraging the limited system resources as well as balancing the load of the consensus mechanism on multiple IoT end devices. Simulation results show that RAFT+ can enhance the system performance while maintaining the security of the system under high load conditions.
Coupled line Gysel power divider for dual-band operation

A new dual-band operation scheme is proposed for the Gysel power divider based on coupled lines. The use of a coupled line results in a simplified structure, a wider operation range and more design freedom for the dual-band Gysel divider. The dual-band design method is presented with exact formulas derived from the analysis of the proposed structure.
Integration Evaluation Framework for Integrated Design Teams of Green Buildings: Development and Validation

AbstractIntegrated design (ID) process encourages integration of team members in the design phase of green building projects through intense collaborative processes and free exchange of information. Although integration in general and ID in particular have been well theorized by construction management research community, there exists no systematic mechanism in the field to help owners, architects, and managers of green project teams assess the level of integration in their projects’ ID team environment in a practical manner. The key objective of the present article is therefore to use a qualitative-quantitative methodology to propose and validate an integration evaluation framework for green project teams and to statistically test the association between integration level and project success. The framework can be used by green project teams for comparison, benchmarking, or educational purposes and for integration evaluation and improvement in ID team environments. This research also provides empirical ev.
Part-Load Operation of a Piloted FLOX® Combustion System

A large operational envelope is a key requirement for modern gas turbines. Fuel staging is used here to improve the part load performance of an enhanced FLOX® type combustor. A swirl-stabilized pilot stage is integrated in the FLOX® burner and the results of high pressure lab-scale experiments at system relevant conditions are presented. The operational envelope of the piloted system could be extended by approximately 10%. Pressure scaling and variations of air preheat temperature and jet velocity describe fundamental characteristics of the piloted system. OH* chemiluminescence imaging is used to investigate flame shapes and the effect of the interacting flames. Emissions and pressure pulsations define limits, and optimum operation conditions of the combustor and show the influence of part load relevant parameters.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Smart3-ATAC: a highly sensitive method for joint accessibility and full-length transcriptome analysis in single cells

Joint single-cell measurements of gene expression and DNA regulatory element activity holds great promise as a tool to understand transcriptional regulation. Towards this goal we have developed Smart3-ATAC, a highly sensitive method which allows joint mRNA and chromatin accessibility analysis genome wide in single cells. With Smart3-ATAC, we are able to obtain the highest possible quality measurements per cell. The method combines transcriptomic profiling based on the highly sensitive Smart-seq3 protocol on cytosolic mRNA, with a novel low-loss single-cell ATAC (scATAC) protocol to measure chromatin accessibility. Compared to current droplet multiome methods, the yield of both the scATAC protocol and mRNA-seq protocol is markedly higher.
Methods of detecting and locating tubing and packer leaks in the western operating area of the Prudhoe Bay field

Production in the Prudhoe Bay Unit Western Operating Area (WOA) began in June 1977. In the early years of field life few workovers were required. Most of these were to replace defective packers and thermocase tubing. An increasing number of mechanical failures of tubular components as well as worsening corrosivity of produced fluids has significantly increased the occurrences of tubing-annulus communication and corresponding workover requirements. In 1988--1989, 50 cases of tubing-annulus communication were found in the WOA. Of these, 5 were permanently repaired with wireline techniques and 3 were temporarily repaired until a workover could be implemented. The remaining 42 wells were shut in and worked over without attempting remedial measures. This paper discusses methods used at Prudhoe Bay for identifying problem wells and determining the exact location of the leak in naturally flowing, gas lifted, and injection wells.
Cognitive RF–FSO Fronthaul Assignment in Cell-Free and User-Centric mMIMO Networks

Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) network and its user-centric (UC) version are considered as promising techniques for the next generations of wireless networks. However, fronthaul and backhaul assignments are challenging issues in these networks. In this paper, energy efficiencies of uplink transmission for the CF- and UC-mMIMO networks are studied, wherein access points (APs) are connected to aggregation nodes (ANs) through radio frequency (RF) and/or free-space optic (FSO) fronthauls, and the ANs are connected to a central processing unit via fiber backhauls. The achievable data rates are derived by taking into account the effects of hardware non-ideality at the APs and ANs, FSO alignment and weather conditions. To have a robust and energy-efficient network, especially in the presence of FSO misalignment and adverse weather conditions, first, a cognitive RF–FSO fronthaul assignment algorithm is proposed at the cost of sharing the available RF bandwidth between the access and fronthaul links. Then, optimal power allocations at the users and APs are investigated, and two analytical approaches are proposed to solve the non-convex optimization problem. Through numerical results, we have discussed how utilizing the cognitive RF–FSO fronthaul assignment achieves higher energy efficiency compared to that of FSO-only, RF-only, or simultaneously using RF and FSO fronthaul links, e.g., achieving up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$198\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>198</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="emadi-ieq1-3132575.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> higher energy efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, the effects of FSO misalignment, weather conditions, and power allocations on the networks’ performances are discussed.
Analysis of myoelectric signals recorded during dynamic contractions

This article presents the theoretical considerations that justify the choice of specific time-frequency transforms for processing nonstationary myoelectric signals as a method of studying fatigue prior to the failure point. It shows some preliminary results obtained by applying these techniques to computer-synthesized realizations of stochastic processes, as well as to real signals detected during different types of dynamic contractions of healthy human volunteers. Five different time-frequency transforms were applied in this study (the Wigner-Ville, the smoothed Wigner-Ville, the Cone kernel, the reduced interference, and the Choi-Williams), but for the sake of brevity, this article reports only the results obtained by applying the Choi-Williams transform, because the authors found it to be the most suitable for processing these specific signals.
Development of Defence Capability from an Innovation Perspective: The Case of Turkey

In this study, the case of Turkey from a defence capability perspective has been assessed with respect to the European Union Countries by using innovation indicators. Fourteen innovation indicators from year 2008 of the European Innovation Scorecard 2008 Report constituted a base for the current study. Based on these data, the situation of Turkey regarding the innovation indicators was posited by employing multi-dimensional scaling analysis (MDSA) and K-means cluster analysis. Based on the k-means cluster analysis, Turkey is in the same cluster as in Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. The MDSA showed that the innovation performance of Turkey is in the category of “Catching-up Countries”. Several policy recommendations have been given at the end of the study to increase the defence capability of Turkey from innovation indicators perspective.
Sensing technique of dynamic marine mammal's attitude by use of low-cost inertial and magnetic sensors

Abstract This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a theoretical sensing technique of dynamic marine mammal's attitude. A single sensor pack composed by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), provides all the data required to feed the nonlinear estimator. The proposed algorithm uses complementary data from a 3-axis accelerometer, a 3axis magnetometer and a 3-axis gyroscope. These sensors are mounted in a single tag and appropriately located on the animal. The approach developed here is applied in Bio-logging, an interdisciplinary research area at the intersection of animal behavior and bioengineering. By considering the rigid-body dynamics expressed in quaternion representation, a Complementary Sliding Mode Observer (CSMO) is derived taking advantages from strapdown inertial measurement from gyroscope and vector observations from accelerometer and magnetometer to provide accurate attitude estimates in quaternion representations. The proposed algorithm is based on a multiplicative quaternion correction technique and allows the estimation of large attitude maneuvers of the marine animal. The efficiency of the algorithm herein designed is illustrated through simulations using a theoretical example of animal motion.
Wide-band S-parameter extraction from FD-TD simulations for propagating and evanescent modes in inhomogeneous guides

This paper proposes a new method of S-parameter extraction from finite-difference time-domain simulations. Unlike the previously published methods, the present method extracts the frequency-dependent mode impedance and propagation constant directly from the three-dimensional simulations. This makes it accurate and computationally effective in wide-band analysis. This paper provides examples of calculations including difficult cases of inhomogeneous or lossy structures, with the frequency band spanning below and above the cutoff frequency. Special attention is given to the S-parameter extraction for evanescent modes. It is shown that the available literature provides insufficient and sometimes confusing background in this regard. Thus, a new consistent theoretical background is presented.
Heart Sound Recognition - A Prospective Candidate for Biometric Identification

Based on principles of human heart auscultation and the associated signal processing technology, we designed and manufactured "a double-header two-way voice auscultation detection device". The paper introduced a special human feature extraction method which is based on improved circle convolution (ICC) slicing algorithm combined with independent sub-band function (ISF). Follow we adopt a fire-new classification technology namely s1 and s2 model which is through two recognition steps to get different human’s heart sound features to assure validity, and then use similarity distance to carry out human heart sound pattern matching. The method was verified using 10 recorded heart sounds. The results show that identification accuracy is 85.7% in the two-step mode, and the error acceptance rate is less than 7%，and refusing error rate is less than 10% for normal people.
Characterizing Dispersion Effectiveness at Varying Salinities

Chemical dispersant formulations typically provide maximum oil dispersion in waters between 30–40 ppt (parts per thousand) salt content, which encompasses typical ocean salinity (~34 ppt). As a result, most laboratory studies of oil dispersion effectiveness (DE) are conducted at low to average ocean salinity. Ocean salinity can vary locally from below 20 ppt during ice and snow melt, to extremely high (over 100 ppt) during freeze up periods or within natural brine pools in deeper waters. In this study, the influence of salinity on DE was evaluated using the baffled flask test (BFT) at a dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR) of 1:25. Benchtop experiments were conducted with Alaskan North Slope (ANS) crude oil in the presence or absence of chemical dispersant at 5 and 25°C and varying salinities (0.2 to 125 ppt). In addition to DE as determined by BFT, oil droplet size distribution (DSD) and fluorescence intensity was measured via a LISST-100X particle size analyzer (Sequoia Scientific, Inc., Bellevue, WA) and ECO fluorometer (Sea Bird - WET Labs, Inc.; Philomath, OR), respectively. Results indicate that in the presence of dispersant, maximum DE occurred at 25ppt, and decreases above and below this salinity. Concentration of small droplets (<10 μm) was twice as high at 35ppt than at the other salinities in the presence of dispersant at 25°C. Treatments without dispersant did not vary significantly as a function of salinity. Flume tank experiments over a range of salinities support the lab scale results of DSD. These results provide a more comprehensive picture pertaining to the influence of salinity on dispersant usage at high salinities.