Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Push Drill Mechanism as a Novel Method to Create 3D Mechanical Metamaterial Structures

Two of the most prominent 2D auxetic mechanisms, namely, the rotating rigid unit and the chiral systems, work, at least partly, by converting linear to rotational motion. This property can be harnessed by introducing a system that can convert back the rotational motion to a linear displacement so as to induce an expansion or a compression in the out‐of‐plane direction. The push drill mechanism offers an effective way of providing this capability. It is, hence, possible to couple 2D rotating rigid unit or chiral structures to the push drill mechanism to create novel 3D auxetic structures. The resultant Poisson's ratio in the out‐of‐plane direction can be both negative and positive depending on the connectivity. Herein, the concept is illustrated with the use of rotating squares. An analytical model is derived to determine the parameters on which Poisson's ratio and Young's moduli depend. Subsequently, the analytical results are compared with those obtained from experimental testing of different sample structures with the two showing good agreement. Further considerations indicate that it is possible to design 2D and 3D auxetic systems with the push drill as the only deformation mechanism.
Specific detection of the Andean strain of potato virus S by monoclonal antibodies

Summary Four mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the Andean strain of potato virus S (PVSA) were produced. The MAbs reacted with four isolates of PVSAbut did not react with four isolates of ordinary strain of PVS (PVSO). The MAbs did not react with six other members of the Carlavirus group including potato virus M. A MAb-based ELISA, using MAbs (IEB-1 and IEB-4-AP), was devised and shown to specifically detect PVSA.
AGENTS USED FOR ENAMEL REMINERALISATION AND REDUCING DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Засоби ремінералізації не тільки посилюють резистентність емалі, але також можуть закупорювати дентинні канальці, знижуючи чутливість зубів. Стаття містить огляд різних доступних агентів, які використовуються для ремінералізації емалі та лікування гіперчутливості дентину. Традиційні фториди, що використовуються у вигляді розчинів, лаків, піни, гелів, зубних паст, продемонстрували низьку ремінералізуючу і десенситизуючу здатність в порівнянні з новими фторумісними продуктами. Глибоке фторування є ефективним методом зменшення гіперчутливості дентину з тривалим ефектом, його ремінералізуюча здатність використовується для лікування та профілактики початкового карієсу і герметизації фісур. Хоча сполуки фосфату кальцію продемонстрували перевагу перед традиційними фторидами в ремінералізації, їхня десенситизуюча здатність не була підтверджена достатньою кількістю досліджень. Використання біоактивного скла для ремінералізації та зменшення гіперчутливості дентину є досить перспективним, але щоб довести його ефективність необхідні подальші досліди. «Curodont» і синтетичний наногидроксиапатит із біоміметичних систем показали добрі результати, але для доведення їх клінічної ефективності потрібні додаткові спроби. Немає сумніву, що електрофорез сполук кальцію і фтору залишається найбільш ефективним методом ремінералізуючої терапії, який проводиться на стоматологічному прийомі, проте його потенційний ефект у зниженні гіперчутливості зубів повинен бути краще оцінений. Ефективність різних видів лазерів окремо або в поєднанні з ремінералізуючим агентом була підтверджена в основному дослідженнями in vitro, отже, потрібні клінічні випробування, які доведуть їх переваги. В нещодавних роботах дентинні герметики та десенситайзери, які обтурують дентинні канальці, перевершували традиційні фториди і синтетичні наногидроксиапатити. В той же час дані про ефективність сполук фосфату кальцію та глибокого фторування над дентинними герметиками та інгібіторами нервової чутливості є суперечливими і вказують на те, що необхідні додаткові досліди для поглиблення наших знань про недостатньо вивчену область зниження чутливості дентину. Незважаючи на нові досягнення, ідеального ремінералізуючого засобу не існує. Останні десятиліття стоматологія зробила значні кроки на шляху до невловимої мети ремінералізації емалі та десенсибілізації дентину, але необхідні довгострокові клінічні контрольовані дослідження для підтвердження та кількісного визначення цих висновків, а також для визначення додаткових факторів, які можуть потенціювати ці процеси. Ключові слова: ремінералізація, гіперчутливість, десенситизація, емаль, дентин.
Enterprise Social Media and Cyber-slacking: An Integrated Perspective

ABSTRACT While the sizable body of research focuses on various psychological effects of enterprise social media (ESM), research connecting the link between ESM and cyber-slacking is still very sparse. Drawing from theories of affordance and social bonding, we propose that the negative relationship between four genres of ESM (i.e., visibility, association, editability, and persistence) and cyber-slacking is mediated by social bounding at the workplace. Using a sample of 277 respondents, we found four genres of ESM technology (except for persistence affordance) relates to social bonding at the workplace, which in turn reduces the level of cyber-slacking behavior. Our findings suggest that ESM, being a potential tool for employee engagement, may offset employees’ tendency to involve in cyber-slacking.
Two New Species of Short Palped Crane Flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber

ABSTRACT The first fossil species, belonging to genus Afrolimnophila Alexander, 1956 and a new species belonging to subgenus Dactylolabis (Eolabis) Podenas, 2003 are described from Baltic amber (Eocene) preserved in the collection of the Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, Germany. Their affinities to recent as well as fossil species are discussed.
Toward Personalized Scaffolding and Fading of Motivational Support in L2 Learner–Dialogue Agent Interactions: An Exploratory Study

This article proposes a computer-based approach to effectively enhance second language learners’ willingness to communicate in the target language. To do so, we implemented a conversational agent embedding a dialogue management model based on two conversational strategies (i.e., communication strategies and affective backchannels), serving as scaffolds for enhancing learners’ willingness to communicate in the target language. Here, we report on differences observed among second language learners’ preferences for both conversational strategies according to their initial level of willingness to communicate and on variations of their willingness with respect to such differences. Although we found that most students generally preferred a combination of both strategies, learners’ preferences and the effects of the support provided by these strategies varied according to their level of willingness to communicate. Learners with lower willingness to communicate tended to prefer affective backchannels, whereas those with higher willingness to communicate seemed to favor communication strategies. These results were consistent with post-test results, which showed that learners’ expected willingness to communicate tended to be higher after interacting with systems embedding their preferred strategies. In sum, these results are preliminary evidence of the meaningfulness of accounting for such learners’ preferences in adaptively using and fading the strategies employed by conversational agents to motivate second language learners to communicate in the target language.
The safety of first and subsequent lines of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis

Background In both first or subsequent therapy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), some programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors have shown prominent efficacy and safety. However, the disease spectra of side effects in different therapy time might exist heterogeneity. In this meta-analysis, we assessed and compared the safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in first or subsequent line therapy. And the system-specific disease spectra of both treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were summarized. Methods We performed a comprehensive search of online databases. Incidence and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were chosen as the main outcome to assess safety. The incidence of trAEs/irAEs was calculated, including discontinuation and death results. Besides, the most common trAEs/irAEs and system-specific treatment-related/immune-related disease spectra in different therapy lines were also collected. Results In total, 18 studies (5,649 patients) were included. First-line therapy had a higher risk of high-grade trAEs, any-grade irAEs and high-grade irAEs comparing with subsequent therapy (19.4% vs. 13.0%, P<0.001; 30.1% vs. 16.9%, P<0.001; 9.9% vs. 2.4%, P<0.001). The rate of discontinuation in first-line therapy were also higher (9.5% vs. 5.2%, P<0.001). However, the common system-specific trAEs of first-line and subsequent therapy were semblable, including gastrointestinal disorders, general disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, investigations. As for irAEs, the frequent system-specific adverse events related to different therapy lines were also similar, including endocrine adverse events, dermatologic adverse events, pulmonary adverse events, and gastrointestinal adverse events. Especially, the incidence of pneumonitis always ranks high in most of the analyses, while for the high-grade toxicities, first-line therapy focuses more on liver-related disorders in trAEs/irAEs. Conclusions In summary, the incidence of trAEs in first-line therapy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC is similar to the one in subsequent therapy, while the rate of having any-grade irAEs and high-grade trAEs/irAEs in first-line therapy is higher than the one in subsequent therapy. Meanwhile, there is no obvious heterogeneity for disease spectra in different therapy lines.
Cultivo in vitro de Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. (Moraceae)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the organogenic potential of internodes, leaf discs and roots of Brosimum gaudichaudii using 12 different combinations of the plant growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthalene acetic acid in MS medium (half strength), solid medium (6.5 g agar) and sucrose medium (20 g.L-1). Regardless the hormonal combination tested, we observed the formation of friable calluses (2 - 20 mm wide) in 90% of the internode explants. However, the treatments were not able to induce callus or buds on roots and leaf discs. The anatomical analysis revealed meristemoid formation in the outer and inner regions of the calluses. The results may serve as the basis for further testing of callus induction in this species.
CANeleon: Protecting CAN Bus With Frame ID Chameleon

The Controller Area Network (CAN) has been widely used in the automotive and industrial automation for over two decades. However, due to the lack of security mechanisms, CAN is vulnerable to attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel protection scheme called CANeleon. It can defend CAN against a smart attacker who might inject malicious frames with legitimate frame IDs, which cannot be mitigated by existing countermeasures. Inspired by the idea of moving target defense technologies, CANeleon equips each legitimate CAN node with the ability to shift the spoofed frame ID. In this way, the IDs of malicious frames are exposed and can be further filtered by legitimate nodes. Moreover, CANeleon neither inserts new information to the frame, nor requires any modification to the CAN protocol, so it is in compliance with the existing standards. CANeleon is a decentralized mechanism guaranteeing that the protection could be done simultaneously without additional communication. Experiments on a CAN bus prototype and a real self-driving vehicle prove the effectiveness of CANeleon.
Fast System to measure the dynamic on‐resistance of on‐wafer 600 V normally off GaN HEMTs in hard‐switching application conditions

: This study presents a novel system to investigate the on-wafer level dynamic properties of GaN-based power transistors in hard-switching application conditions. The system is able to analyse devices with an on-resistance ( R DSON ) in the range from few ohms to hundreds of ohms, and can be effectively used to improve the development process of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) power devices at the wafer level. Contrary to the conventional double-pulse setup, where a resistive load is usually used in combination with a very low duty cycle, the dynamic R DSON is acquired during realistic operating conditions, in a boost converter circuit. Consequently, the authors’ system is able to study not only the field-activated trapping processes, but also those induced by hard-switching conditions, i.e. promoted by hot electrons and self-heating. The maximum working voltage (600 V) and the minimum R DSON measurement time after turn-on (2 µs) allow evaluating the operation limit of the devices in a voltage/frequency range close to real switching conditions. Working on the wafer level allows a more realistic assessment of the dynamic R DSON behaviour before the packaging phase, which is very important to improve the production and development process of GaN-HEMT devices.
Quantification and Qualification Analysis of the Heat Waves Using Heat Wave Norm in the Region of Bechar (Algeria) during the Period 1951-2010

This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest of the Algerian Sahara over the period 1951-2010. The index, based on the analysis of daily maximum and minimum temperatures by adding them, integrated two dimensions at the same time: the duration and the excess heat. The results show an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. More specifically, from the 1980s, it is possible to observe the propagation of extreme and very extreme and super extreme heat waves in recent decades with maximum presence during the period 1990-2010. In general, it can be said that the trend of excessive warming is clearly displayed in the Algerian Sahara, generally classified as a hot region.
The Impact of Pressures to Produce on Knowledge Production and Evaluation in the Modern Academy

Combining work from the related but distinct fields of sociology of knowledge and sociology of education, we explore the effects of the changing landscape of higher education on the academic knowledge production system. Drawing on 100 interviews with faculty members from 34 disciplines at an elite private research university, we show that faculty members perceive exponentially increasing pressures to produce, and identify the ways that those pressures can negatively impact the knowledge creation process. We then examine the ways those pressures to produce influence how faculty evaluate their colleagues’ work, leading faculty to extend the benefit of the doubt, rely on reputation, and emphasize the peer review process, even as they simultaneously critique its weaknesses. Finally, we show that faculty members ultimately reconcile their perceptions of weaknesses in the current knowledge production system with their belief in that system by emphasizing their own and their colleagues’ commitment to resisting structural pressures to produce. While much of the existing body of scholarship on the changing higher education landscape has focused on teaching and learning outcomes, this study contributes to our understanding of how those changes impact the research process, underscoring the relationship between institutional structures and evaluative processes.
Origin and dispersal of Potamophylax cingulatus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Iceland

Summary The earliest record of Potamophylax cingulatus in Iceland is from east Iceland in 1959. In the 1970s, the distribution of the species in Iceland was restricted to the east and north-east. In a survey conducted from 2004 to 2008, P. cingulatus was found all over Iceland, except in the central highlands. The speed of dispersal has thus been around 7.3 km per year. To study the origin of the population in Iceland, we assessed variation of the COI gene of the mtDNA of P. cingulatus in Iceland and from the neighbouring countries. Almost no variation was detected in the Icelandic population, and the flies were closely related to flies from the Faroe Islands, reflecting its most likely route of colonisation. A wider survey of the variation within Europe showed a clear structure of three major lineages: an Atlantic or western lineage from Spain to Norway, a central or eastern lineage (Czech Republic and Austria) and a southern group from south-east France. The phylogeographical patterns within Europe point to at least three refugia during the glacial periods of the Pleistocene.
A 170-GHz 23.7% Tuning-Range CMOS Injection-Locked LO Generator With Third-Harmonic Enhancement

This article proposes a harmonic-extraction technique to enhance the amplitude and the phase noise of LC oscillators at the third-harmonic frequency. By leveraging this technique, a cascaded subterahertz (sub-THz) injection-locked local oscillator (LO) generator is proposed, which consists of a fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM). Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the VCO prototype concurrently generates two output signals: the first output at the fundamental frequency from 17.1 to 21.7 GHz with a 10-MHz-offset phase noise from −120.6 to −126 dBc/Hz, the second output at the third-harmonic frequency from 51.3 to 65.1 GHz with a 10-MHz-offset phase noise of −116.3 dBc/Hz, and the third-harmonic output power of −19.1 dBm. The VCO prototype consumes 1.4 mW from a 0.3-V supply, resulting in an FoM from −186 to −189.6 dBc/Hz at the fundamental frequency. The sub-THz injection-locked LO generator achieves a frequency tuning range of 23.7% from 153.9 to 195.3 GHz with a 10-MHz-offset phase noise of −106.8 dBc/Hz and the output power of −14.6 dBm, and consumes 8.4 mW, which corresponds to an FoM of −181.2 dBc/Hz and an ${\mathrm {FoM}}_{T}$ of −188.7 dBc/Hz at 153.9 GHz.
Spatio-temporal changes of Munida Rutllanti Zariquiey-Alvarez, 1952 (Decapoda: Galatheidae) in the North-Western Ionian Sea (Central Mediterranean)

The spatio-temporal pattern of Munida rutllanti distribution in the north-western Ionian Sea has been studied. Data were collected during 14 experimental trawl surveys conducted from 1997 to 2010 as part of the international MEDITS project. The hauls were carried out during day-light hours between depths of 10 and 800 m in the spring season. A progressive increase in the abundance index (N/km 2 ) of M. rutllanti was observed from 2000 to 2008, then a sharp decrease was shown in the last two years. The greatest and lowest abundance indices were observed in the Apulian and central Calabrian sub-areas, respectively. The species was collected between 107 and 795 m in depth, with a significant increase and decrease over time in the maximum and minimum depth of finding, respectively. A highly significant increase over time in the mean carapace length was also observed in the whole study area. The widespread occurrence and increasing abundance of this species in the Ionian Sea could be related to the increase in temperature and the variation in hydrographic conditions which occurred in the Ionian basin during the EMT-BiOS phenomenon.
Global Warming - Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies in Agriculture

Global warming a new global challenge in front of agricultural scientists, affecting almost all the climatic parameters involving air temperature and rainfall intensity and distributions. Elevated levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) viz. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. are only because of faulty agricultural practices viz. intensive tilling, burning of crop residues, which further adversely affecting both land and water productivity. As per one projection that global surface air temperatures may increase by 4.0–5.8°C in upcoming few decades which offset the likely benefits of increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on crop plants. Over space and time, new environmental conditions created which might be responsible for frequent droughts, higher temperatures, flooding, salinity, increased carbon dioxide levels, rise in sea-level, irregular rainfall patterns and shifting of pest dynamics etc. Therefore, global warming cycle needs to break down through forestation, using crop residues on soil as mulch or in soils as biochar instead of burning, and adopting certain agricultural practices or developing new plant cultivars which response to CO2 under higher temperature conditions etc which helps to reduces rather mitigate the adverse effects of the global warming. Further, changes in diets, minimum tillage operations and reductions in food Review Article Saini and Bhatt; CJAST, 39(7): 93-107, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 56415 94 wastage will also serve the purpose. The present review highlighted the crucial reasons for global warming, its impacts on agriculture and finally on mitigation strategies, which helps to improve the agricultural productivity and finally livelihoods of the farmers.
Rice Cultivar Response to Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl When Applied with Imazethapyr and a Cytochrome P450 Inhibitor

Understanding cultivar responses to a new herbicide is crucial to determining appropriate herbicide use and management practices. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new rice herbicide developed to control troublesome weeds in rice production. Little research has been conducted to characterize rice cultivar responses to florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and thus, a field experiment was conducted at the Pine Tree Research Station (PTRS) in 2017 and 2018 and at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) in 2018 to determine rice cultivar tolerance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl as influenced by herbicide rate, the addition of imazethapyr, and rice growth stage. Another experiment was conducted in 2018 at PTRS and RREC to assess crop response when florpyrauxifen-benzyl at different rates is applied with and without malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor. Three cultivars were evaluated in both experiments: a long-grain variety “CL111,” a medium-grain variety “CL272,” and a long-grain hybrid “CLXL745. ” Injury in the first experiment was higher when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 60 g ae ha−1 than at the labeled rate of 30 g ha−1, with the most injury being 10% when averaged over growth stage at the time of application. Generally, applications made at the 3-leaf growth stage resulted in the most injury; however, this injury was at most 14%. Additionally, there was no reduction in grain yield for any cultivar, indicating florpyrauxifen-benzyl can be used safely in conjunction with imazethapyr in imidazolinone-resistant rice. In the second experiment, there was no more than 10% injury and no reduction in grain yield, with the addition of malathion not causing an increase in rice injury. Results from these experiments indicate florpyrauxifen-benzyl can be mixed with imazethapyr and the addition of malathion will not lead to increased risk for injury to rice.