Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes Reveal Population Structure and Type 1 Association with Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma

Improved viral enrichment methods conclusively demonstrate EBV type 1 to be more prevalent in eBL patients than in geographically matched healthy controls, which previously underrepresented the prevalence of EBV type 2. Genome-wide association analysis between cases and controls identifies six eBL-associated nonsynonymous variants in EBNA1, EBNA2, BcLF1, and BARF1 genes. Analysis of population structure reveals that EBV type 2 exists as two genomic subgroups and was more commonly found in female than in male eBL patients. ABSTRACT Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), the most prevalent pediatric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, is distinguished by its inclusion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In order to better understand the impact of EBV variation in eBL tumorigenesis, we improved viral DNA enrichment methods and generated a total of 98 new EBV genomes from both eBL cases (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 40) residing in the same geographic region in Kenya. Using our unbiased methods, we found that EBV type 1 was significantly more prevalent in eBL patients (74.5%) than in healthy children (47.5%) (odds ratio = 3.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.36 to 7.71, P = 0.007), as opposed to similar proportions in both groups. Controlling for EBV type, we also performed a genome-wide association study identifying six nonsynonymous variants in the genes EBNA1, EBNA2, BcLF1, and BARF1 that were enriched in eBL patients. In addition, viruses isolated from plasma of eBL patients were identical to their tumor counterparts consistent with circulating viral DNA originating from the tumor. We also detected three intertypic recombinants carrying type 1 EBNA2 and type 2 EBNA3 regions, as well as one novel genome with a 20-kb deletion, resulting in the loss of multiple lytic and virion genes. Comparing EBV types, viral genes displayed differential variation rates as type 1 appeared to be more divergent, while type 2 demonstrated novel substructures. Overall, our findings highlight the complexities of the EBV population structure and provide new insight into viral variation, potentially deepening our understanding of eBL oncogenesis. IMPORTANCE Improved viral enrichment methods conclusively demonstrate EBV type 1 to be more prevalent in eBL patients than in geographically matched healthy controls, which previously underrepresented the prevalence of EBV type 2. Genome-wide association analysis between cases and controls identifies six eBL-associated nonsynonymous variants in EBNA1, EBNA2, BcLF1, and BARF1 genes. Analysis of population structure reveals that EBV type 2 exists as two genomic subgroups and was more commonly found in female than in male eBL patients.
Systèmes Lorentziens Lyman-alpha à grand décalage spectral: Etude de l'hydrogène moléculaire

Les systemes Lorentziens Lyman-alpha a grand decalage spectral, observes en absorption sur la ligne de visee de quasars, sont les signatures spectrales du milieu interstellaire dans l'Univers lointain. Peu d'outils sont cependant a notre disposition pour comprendre les proprietes physiques des objets associes. Une technique qui se base sur de la physique bien comprise et qui a ete largement appliquee au milieu interstellaire local est l'etude de l'hydrogene moleculaire. Les proprietes radiatives et collisionnelles specifiques de cette molecule en font une sonde tres sensible aux conditions physiques du gaz. Dans cette these, j'etudie la presence d'hydrogene moleculaire dans le milieu interstellaire a grand decalage spectral en m'appuyant sur un echantillon unique de systemes Lorentziens Lyman-alpha observes a grand rapport signal-a-bruit et haute resolution spectrale. Je presente des travaux dont l'objectif est de comprendre les proprietes et les conditions physiques du gaz neutre associe a ces systemes (temperature, densite, composition chimique, fraction moleculaire, contenu en poussieres, intensite du champ de radiation incident). J'effectue en parallele une recherche systematique et une etude statistique des systemes Lorentziens afin de mesurer le contenu en gaz neutre de l'Univers, caracteriser sa distribution et son evolution au cours du temps et contraindre ainsi la formation des galaxies. Je montre enfin la possibilite de detecter et d'etudier d'autres molecules telles que l'hydrogene moleculaire deutere et le monoxyde de carbone dans le milieu interstellaire a grand decalage spectral. Les outils d'analyse automatique de spectres developpes dans cette these ont conduit a la premiere detection de CO dans un tel milieu, ouvrant la voie a l'astrochimie du milieu interstellaire dans l'Univers lointain.
A New Full-diversity Space-time Block Code

In this paper,the inferential reasoning process of the space-time code design criteria is introduced in the frequency non-selective slow fading channels.Some performance analysis and comparison of several existing space-time codes are also done.Through reconstructing the DBOAST space-time block code,a new performance optimal space-time code called ABCD is proposed,in this case that there are 4 transmit antennas,which can achieve a rate of 2 symbols pcu and get full diversity.The new code combines the structure characteristics of Alamouti and Threaded Algebraic Space-Time(TAST) Block Codes.The simulation results show that the ABCD code provides larger second-order mutual information and thus is of a superior performance.
Sintesa Poliol dari Minyak Sawit dengan Reaksi Epoksidasi dan Hidroksilasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari proses pembuatan poliol dari minyak sawit dan mempelajari pengaruh perbandingan mol oksidator (CH 3 COOH : H 2 O 2 ), serta pengaruh konsentrasi katalis asam pada proses pembuatan poliol. Penelitian diawali dengan tahap epoksidasi, yaitu mereaksikan minyak dengan asam peroksida (campuran H 2 O 2 dan CH 3 COOH) menggunakan katalis H 2 SO 4 pada suhu 60 o C selama 4 jam. Selanjutnya, mereaksikan minyak terepoksidasi dengan campuran alkohol dengan katalis asam sulfat pada suhu 50 o C.selama 2 jam. Kemudian menganalisis bilangan hidroksil produk. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa pada rasio mol CH 3 COOH : H 2 O 2 sama dengan 2 menghasilkan bilangan hidroksil terbesar yaitu 161,18 mg KOH/gram contoh. Variabel penambahan konsentrasi katalis 1% - 2% menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan, sedang konsentrasi 2%-4% tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang berarti. Produk yang diperoleh adalah larutan berwarna kuning berupa cairan agak kental. Bilangan hidroksil yang diperoleh pada poliol minyak sawit antara 68,49 sampai 171,11 mg KOH/gram contoh. Kata kunci: Minyak sawit, Poliol, Epoksidasi, Hidroksilasi ABSTRACT This research aims to study the sinthesys process of polyols from palm oil and studying the effect of mole ratio of oxidant (CH 3 COOH: H 2 O 2 ), and the influence of the concentration of acid catalyst. The first stage is epoxidation, the reaction of oil with an acid peroxide (H 2 O 2 mixture and CH 3 COOH) using H 2 SO 4 catalyst at a temperature of 60°C for 4 hours. Furthermore, the reaction of epoxidized oil with a mixture of alcohol with sulfuric acid catalyst at a temperature 50 o C to 2 hours, then analyzed the number of hydroxyl products. The results obtained that the ratio of moles of CH 3 COOH: H 2 O 2 is the same as the second largest producing hydroxyl number is 161.18 mg KOH/g sample. Addition of variable concentrations of the catalyst 1%-2% showed significant improvement, while the concentration of 2%-4% showed no significant change. The product obtained is a yellow colored solution in the form of slightly viscous liquid. Hydroxyl numbers obtained in the palm oil polyol between 68.49 to 171.11 mg KOH/g sample. Keywords: palm oil, polyol, epoxidation, hydroxylation
Integration and goal-guided scheduling of bottom-up and top-down computing processes in hierarchical models

Accuracy performance and computational efficiency are two of the most important issues of object detection and parsing in computer vision, and the trade-off between them is usually guided by vision goals. In the literature, to improve accuracy performance, hierarchical models have been widely and successfully used, but often at the expense of increasing the computational burden largely. The explosion of computing costs would practically prevent a computer vision system from scaling to hierarchical models which consist of a large number of nodes. Meanwhile, hierarchical models are studied with zero-one loss used for nodes (i.e., loss cost-insensitive). The goal of this thesis is to present a framework of integrating and scheduling bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) computing processes in a recursively defined hierarchical And-Or graph (AoG) to address, with a numerical study, the vision-goal-guided trade-off between accuracy performance and computational efficiency in both loss cost-insensitive and cost-sensitive situations. The BU/TD computing processes consist of three types of processes identified for each node A in an AoG: (i) The α(A) process detects node A directly based on image features: (ii) The β(A) process computes node A by binding its child node(s) bottom-up: and (iii) The γ(A) process predicts node A top-down from its parent node(s). To evaluate their individual information contributions, the three processes are isolated and then trained separately. The learning of the three processes are formulated under the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) framework. A numerical study of the information contribution is presented with both computer and human experiments. The experimental results show that the three processes contribute to computing node A from images in complementary ways in terms of scale and occlusion conditions. To improve the accuracy performance, the α-β-γ computing processes are integrated by breadth-first search (BFS) in object parsing with AoG formulated under the Bayesian framework. The three processes are explicitly connected to the Bayesian inference and the dynamic programming (DP) implementation. With experiments on human face parsing and hierarchical image structure parsing, the results show performance improvement in the same manner consistent with their evaluated information contributions. Next, to advance computational efficiency of learnt computing processes given allowable bounds on accuracy performance in cost-sensitive object detection, near-optimal decision policies are learnt for computing processes of terminal nodes and And-nodes by minimizing the corresponding risk function which explicitly takes into account the computational cost, the false negative (FN) and false positive (FP) loss costs. Finally, a theoretical study is proposed to schedule all the α-β-γ computing processes in an AoG under the best, firstheuristic search framework to adapt computing orders of nodes in an AoG to different vision tasks and image datasets.
Caractérisation de la propagation d'une flamme dans un milieu diphasique (brouillards) en microgravité

Spray combustion accounts for 25% of the world’s energy use. Liquid fuels are used through aerosol (spray) in order to benefit to their high exothermicity, released by the combustion of the gaseous phase. Two-phase combustion is of practical importance in a wide range of technological applications that include automotive engines, gas turbines and power generation. However, realistic spray combustion lies in complex interactions with: atomization, vaporization, turbulent flows, chemical kinetic. An entire description of spray combustion is only possible by a numerical way with a theoretical approach. In another hand, experimental investigations are necessary to provide quantitative data with idealized spray configuration. A simplified spray was reproduced with a monodisperse aerosol and a laminar flame in order to highlight the predominant phenomena in spray/combustion interaction. Experiments were conducted under reduced gravity conditions to 10-2 g obtained by parabolic flights with the Airbus ZEROG from the CNES. Microgravity offers a good parametric study with a quiescent aerosol and homogeneously distributed (without settling effect on droplets). A strong and exhaustive database has been built to validate or establish a comprehensive two-phase model of combustion, on the spray itself (droplet formation, size and droplet concentration, vaporization rate) and on the reactive mixture (flame velocity, stability regime, presence of liquid droplets in the burned gases).
Voice activity detection under the highly fluctuant recording conditions of call centres

One of the practical issues of the voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms, that are commonly installed in today's call centres, lies in the tremendous variability of call recording conditions. Particularly, the intermittent occurence of noise-only or silent speech recordings among normal volume recordings of standard talks is very displeasing and often significantly decreases the overal true detection rates. We describe an enhancement of statistical VAD algorithm, which makes it more robust to most of such deviations, while not exalting its overal complexity.
Metric and non-metric guides for the determination between fore- and hindlimb phalanges of Rangifer tarandus

Phalanges are a great untapped resource in the zooarchaeology of Rangifer tarandus. The utilization of this resource, however, is constrained by a current inability to consistently differentiate fore- from hindlimb phalanges in a mixed assemblage. The ability to separate and identify forelimb and hindlimb phalanx 1 (PI) and phalanx 2 (PII), as well as to recognize and identify other small bones of the hoof, leads to great opportunities for archaeologists. In large scale-analysis, this capacity allows a greater ability to determine minimum number of individuals and assess butchery and transport practices. In the examination of individual life histories of Rangifer tarandus, these designations allow a more precise study of pathology and entheseal change, which can shed light on adaptation, foraging strategy, and human-animal interactions. This study presents qualitative and quantitative methods for the differentiation of PI and PII of the fore- and hindlimbs and describes other bones of the hoof. Metric techniques were developed to differentiate fore- from hindlimb phalanges using non-invasive, non-destructive, and simple methods. The efficacy and accuracy of these methods were assessed using blind testing by students and staff. The average success rates of metric analysis yielded 87% accuracy for determinations of fore- versus hindlimb PI and 92% accuracy for determination of fore- versus hindlimb PII. These results show that this method could benefit researchers working with Rangifer tarandus remains.
Supercritical water assisted preparation of recyclable gold nanoparticles and their catalytic utility in cross-coupling reactions under sustainable conditions

Preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in environmentally friendly water without using any reducing agents under supercritical conditions is demonstrated. PXRD, XPS, FE-SEM and HR-TEM analysis confirmed the formation of phase-pure and crystalline AuNPs of the size of ∼10–30 nm. The catalytic potential of AuNPs was manifested through a generalized green procedure that could accommodate both Sonogashira as well as Suzuki coupling under aqueous conditions at low catalytic loading (0.1 mol%). The AuNP catalyst was found to be recuperated after the reaction and reused for up to six catalytic cycles with no leaching out of gold species as confirmed through ICP-OES analysis. With no confinement of AuNP catalysis to cross-coupling reaction, synthetic extension to one-flask preparation of π-conjugated semiconductors (4 examples) and their optoelectronic properties were also investigated. Other significant features of the present work include short reaction time, site-selectivity, wide substrate scope, high conversion, good chemical yields and applicability in gram-scale synthesis. Overall, the results of this paper signify an operationally sustainable supercritical fluid processing method for the synthesis of AuNPs and their catalytic application towards cross-coupling reactions in green media.
Effects of experimental warming on wild and transgenic oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

Climate change may influence the application efficiency of transgenic marking, such as in mark–release–recapture (MRR) experiments or sterile insect technique (SIT). Wild and transgenic fruit flies of Bactrocera dorsalis were subjected to oscillating regimes that represent current temperature conditions (mean: 28.6°C) and various future possible scenarios (means: 30.0, 32.5 and 35.0°C). As the temperature was increased to 30.0°C, the negative effects on adult fecundity and demographic parameters (net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase) of only the transgenic cohorts increased. With a moderate warming (32.5°C), negative effects were observed on the net reproductive rate for both fly strains, and these effects on the life‐history traits (adult fecundity and longevity) and intrinsic rate of increase were stronger in the transgenic than in the wild cohorts, with reference to the trait values at 30.0°C. A severe warming (35.0°C) resulted in the failure of all individuals of both fly strains to reach adulthood. We suggest parametrical adjustments or decreased differences in fitness with refined transgenesis under current and future climate conditions, which can reduce the marking limitations of pest management and eradication programmes.
Understanding Language Evolution in Overlapping Generations of Reinforcement Learning Agents

Understanding how the dynamics of language learning and language change are influenced by the population structure of language users is crucial to understanding how lexical items and grammatical rules become established within the context of the cultural evolution of human language. This paper extends the recent body of work on the development of term-based languages through signalling games by exploring signalling game dynamics in a social population with overlapping generations. Specifically, we present a model with a dynamic population of agents, consisting of both mature and immature language users, where the latter learn from the formers interactions with one another before reaching maturity. It is shown that populations in which mature individuals converse with many partners are more able to solve more complex signalling games. While interacting with a higher number of individuals initially makes it more difficult for language users to establish a conventionalised language, doing so leads to increased diversity within the input for language learners, and that this prevents them from developing the more idiosyncratic language that emerge when agents only interact with a small number of individuals. This, in turn, prevents the signalling conventions having to be renegotiated with each new generation of language users, resulting in the emerging language being more stable over subsequent generations of language users. Furthermore, it is shown that allowing the children of language users to interact with one another is beneficial to the communicative success of the population when the number of partners that mature agents interact with is low.
The Effect of Various Nanofluids on Absorption Intensification of CO2/SO2 in a Single-Bubble Column

Application of nanoparticles in aqueous base-fluids for intensification of absorption rate is an efficient method for absorption progress within the system incorporating bubble-liquid process. In this research, SO2 and CO2 were separately injected as single raising bubbles containing nanofluids to study the impact of nanoparticle effects on acidic gases absorption. In order to do this, comprehensive experimental studies were done. These works also tried to investigate the effect of different nanofluids such as water/Al2O3 or water/Fe2O3 or water/SiO2 on the absorption rate. The results showed that the absorption of CO2 and SO2 in nanofluids significantly increases up to 77 percent in comparison with base fluid. It was also observed that the type of gas molecules and nanoparticles determine the mechanism of mass transfer enhancement by nanofluids. Additionally, our findings indicated that the values of mass transfer coefficient of SO2 in water/Al2O3, water/Fe2O3 and water/SiO2 nanofluids are, respectively, 50%, 42% and 71% more than those of SO2 in pure water (kLSO2-water=1.45×10-4 m/s). Moreover, the values for CO2 in above nanofluids were, respectively, 117%, 103% and 88% more than those of CO2 in water alone (kLCO2-water=1.03×10-4 m/s). Finally, this study tries to offer a new comprehensive correlation for mass transfer coefficient and absorption rate prediction.
Transgenesis and genomics in molecular breeding of forage plants.

Forage plant breeding has been largely based on phenotypic selection following sexual recombination of natural genetic variation found between and within ecotypes. Advances in plant genetic manipulation over the last 15 years have provided convincing evidence that these powerful technologies can complement and enhance plant breeding programs. Significant progress in the establishment of the methodologies required for the molecular breeding of forage plants has been made. Examples of current products and approaches for the application of these methodologies to forage grass and legume improvement are outlined. Large-scale genomic analysis of many organisms is under way with human, arabidopsis and rice genome sequences almost completed. Forage plant breeding is just now entering the genome era. The plethora of new technologies and tools now available for high-throughput gene discovery and genome-wide gene expression analysis have opened up opportunities for innovative applications in the identification, functional characterisation and use of genes of value in forage production systems and beyond. Examples of these opportunities, such as ‘molecular phenotyping’, ‘symbio-genomics’ and ‘xeno-genomics’ are introduced.
Opinion Topic Mining and Orientation Identification

The paper mainly focused attention on how to mine opinion topic from online subjective text set,and identified the orientation of these opinion topics.It combined the heuristic rule and co-occurrence probability to identify area noun phrase,and adopted Latent Dirichlet Allocationn(LDA)to obtain local opinion topic.Then,it computed the sentence orientation with a method of multiple features fusion,and obtained the opinion topic orientation by adding up the number of each orientation of the sentences belonging to the specified topic.Experimental results show that the method can identify the topic and their orientation effectively.
Radiative Electron Attachment and Photodetachment Rate Constants for Linear Carbon Chains

Since their recent detection in interstellar clouds and circumstellar envelopes, polyyne and cyanopolyyne anions have raised the question of their possible mechanisms of formation, destruction, and excitation. These anions are observed in the same regions as the corresponding neutral species, with anion-to-neutral abundance ratios of a few percent. It is believed that the abundance ratios are controlled mainly by the radiative attachment processes. We present a quantum study of the radiative electron attachment and photodetachment rate constants for selected linear carbon-chain anions, namely the already detected interstellar anions as well as other potential candidates. The rate constants are calculated within the rigid molecule approximation, with the attached or ejected electron described by a plane wave. A qualitative agreement is obtained with the previous accurate quantum results. For the radiative electron attachment process, the discrepancies between the quantum rate constants calculated here and .