Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissecting star formation in the “Atoms-for-Peace” galaxy

Context. The tidal tails of post-merger galaxies exhibit ongoing star formation far from their disks. The study of such systems can be useful for our understanding of gas condensation in diverse environments. Aims. The ongoing star formation in the tidal tails of post-merger galaxies can be directly studied from ultraviolet (UV) imaging observations. Methods. The post merger galaxy NGC7252 (“Atoms-for-Peace” galaxy) is observed with the Astrosat UV imaging telescope (UVIT) in broadband NUV and FUV filters to isolate the star-forming regions in the tidal tails and study the spatial variation in star formation rates. Results. Based on ultraviolet imaging observations, we discuss star-forming regions of ages <200 Myr in the tidal tails. We measure star formation rates in these regions and in the main body of the galaxy. The integrated star formation rate (SFR) of NGC7252 (i.e., that in the galaxy and tidal tails combined) without correcting for extinction is found to be 0.81 ± 0.01 M⊙ yr−1. We show that the integrated SFR can change by an order of magnitude if the extinction correction used in SFR derived from other proxies are taken into consideration. The star formation rates in the associated tidal dwarf galaxies (NGC7252E, SFR = 0.02 M⊙ yr−1 and NGC7252NW, SFR = 0.03 M⊙ yr−1) are typical of dwarf galaxies in the local Universe. The spatial resolution of the UV images reveals a gradient in star formation within the tidal dwarf galaxy. The star formation rates show a dependence on the distance from the centre of the galaxy. This can be due to the different initial conditions responsible for the triggering of star formation in the gas reservoir that was expelled during the recent merger in NGC7252.
Comparative study between the hemocytometric and spectrophotometric methods for measuring the sperm concentration of young Nelore bulls

Determination of sperm concentration using the Neubauer chamber (hemocytometric method) is a direct method for counting cells and also the most reliable. However, the process is time-consuming rendering it the least practical method when large numbers of ejaculates need to be processed. The spectrophotometer measures sperm concentrations as optical density and its main advantages are practicality and speed. This paper aimed to compare the results between evaluators using the hemocytometric method and the spectrophotometer for measuring sperm concentrations in young Nelore bulls. In total, 73 ejaculations from 20 young Nelore bulls were collected by electroejaculation. After soundness examination, 10 µL of the semen was diluted in 2 mL saline formaldehyde for measuring the sperm concentration per mL by the hemocytometric method (measured by three different evaluators) and the spectrophotometer method at 550 nm wavelength. No differences were detected in the results of sperm concentration measurements per mL among the evaluators using the hemocytometric method and the spectrophotometer (P > 0.05). The intraclass correlation was high (0.9), showing high replicability among the evaluator measurements. These results demonstrate that measurements performed using the spectrophotometer are reliable and can substitute the hemocytometric method in future for performing sperm concentration measurements in young Nelore bulls, thus improving and standardizing the techniques used in andrology laboratories.
Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamal Alcohol over Platinum/Graphene Catalysts

Catalysts made of Pt nanoparticles dispersed on graphene (X wt %Pt/G, X=2.0, 3.5, and 5.0) were prepared and characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area measurements, TEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a 3.5 wt % Pt supported on Vulcan Carbon catalyst (3.5 wt %Pt/VC) was included as a reference. Although the mean Pt nanoparticle size is approximately 4.4 nm for all X wt %Pt/G and 3.5 wt %Pt/VC catalysts, cinnamal alcohol was produced with high selectivity only with the graphene‐supported catalysts: 92 % conversion and 88 % selectivity toward cinnamal alcohol were obtained with 3.5 wt %Pt/G. This catalyst also showed good stability in recycling tests. The good selectivity observed with the graphene‐based catalysts is attributed to the higher fraction of reduced surface Pt0 atoms seen on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles (determined by XPS). This interpretation is consistent with DFT calculations. Additional π–π interactions between cinnamaldehyde and graphene may also play a role in the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.
Evaluation of Dynamic Posturography in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Patients

Evaluation of Dynamic Posturography in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Patients Background: The incidence of the anterior cruciate ligament is high in the general population. Aim: To identify quantitative postural sway assessed by unilateral stance test using computerized dynamic posturography in unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury patients and healthy individuals. Subjects and Methods: We studied 30 knees in 30 male patients suffering from chronic ACL injury and twenty five healthy individuals. There were selected from Al-Razi Orthopedics Hospital and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait. All subjects were evaluated clinically and submitted to computerized dynamic posturography for the unilateral stance test. Mean COG (centre of gravity) sway velocity which displays COG stability was computerized assessed. Results: A significantly increase of means (± SD) of COG sway velocity on left or right leg standing with eyes open and eye closed in ACL group as compared to control group. Also, there was a significantly increase of means (± SD) of the percentage difference score of COG sway velocity during standing on left and right foot with eyes open and eyes closed in ACL group as compared to control group. Conclusion: The patients with chronic ACL injury had impairment in postural control and balance which can be quantitatively evaluated by using computerized dynamic posturegraphy.
Teaching Punctuation as a Rhetorical Tool

punctuation-just one of the "mechanics" of writing, after all-is perhaps ot the first thing you turn to after checking the CCC table of contents, but you are here now, so let me try to keep you here by announcing, quickly, the not unimportant claims to be made. First, manuals of style and college handbooks have it all wrong when it comes to punctuation (good writers don't punctuate that way); there is, I propose, a system underlying what good writers, in fact, do; it is a surprisingly simple system; it is a system that enables writers to achieve importanteven subtle-rhetorical effects; it is, even, a system that teachers can teach far more easily than they can teach the poorly systematized rules in our handbooks and style manuals. It takes only a little study of the selections in our college readers to realize that the punctuation rules in handbooks and style manuals are not sacred texts for a great many good writers. Fragments and comma splices, violations of the coordinate clause and elliptical coordinate clause rules for commas, and inconsistencies in use of the comma with introductory word, phrase, and clause-these and other failures to follow the rules are frequent enough to raise questions about the rules themselves. Quirk et al. have examined statistical data on the use of the comma to mark coordina-
Towards a definition of a real-time forecasting network for rainfall induced shallow landslides

Abstract. PREVIEW is an European Commission FP6 Integrated Project with the aim of developing, at an European level, innovative geo-information services for atmospheric, geophysical and man-made risks. Within this framework, the Landslides Platform Service 2 (forecasting of shallow rapid slope movements) has developed an integrated procedure for the forecasting and warning of distributed shallow landsliding to be used for civil protection purposes. The Service consists of an automated end-to-end forecasting chain which uses data from a probabilistic downscaled short-term rainfall forecast, soil saturation estimates and meteorological radar outputs. The above data are entered into a hydro-geological model that makes use of an infinite slope approach to calculate the distributed Factor of Safety over the entire basin. All outputs, and much of the input data, are shown on a WebGIS system so that end-users can interactively access and download data. A distinctive feature of the service is the use of an innovative soil depth model for predicting the distributed thickness of the regolith cover within the basin, which is one of the most important parameters controlling shallow landslide triggering. The service was developed in a pilot test site in NE Italy, the Armea basin. Validation makes use of two rainfall events: one that occurred in 2000 and a smaller, more recent event (2006) that caused fewer landslides. Rainfall data have been used to compute a distributed factor-of-safety map that has been overlaid onto the landslide inventory. Instead of a traditional validation approach based on the number count of correctly identified landslides, we carried out an alternative procedure based on the landslides area that gave outcomes which, for this preliminary stage of the research, can be considered promising.
Depression Among Muslim Arab Students： The Contribution of Spiritual, Social, and Cognitive Factors

This study examines the correlation among a number of personal and environmental variables that can be related to decrease in depression. These are: religiosity, social support, and self-control. The participants in the study consisted of 280 Arab Muslims students from teacher training colleges in Israel. The findings indicate that all the resources that were examined related to decrease in depression, in other words, significant negative correlations were found between the level of religiosity, social support, and self-control on the one hand, and the level of depression on the other. These findings are consistent with those of other studies conducted elsewhere in the world on different populations (Christian and Jewish, as well as Muslim). The findings were discussed in accordance with a number of different theories.
Arab-U.S. Migration: The Effects of Exchange Rates, Politics and Oil

We hypothesize that exchange rates, commodity prices and geopolitical instability can affect international migration. If migrants send their earnings home, then appreciation of the destination country’s currency will make remittances more valuable in the home country, raising the likelihood of migration. Higher commodity prices in the home country can, on the one hand, discourage migration because of improved labor market opportunities at home, but can, on the other, encourage migration because greater prosperity makes relocation more affordable. Some parts of the World, for example the Middle East, have experienced considerable geopolitical instability, which may have induced greater levels of supply-push migration to more stable parts of the World. Our test case is the migration of persons from the Arab region to the USA during 1992-2004, a period characterized by volatility in Arab-U.S. exchange rates, oil prices and political conditions. We estimate a fixed effects model of the Arab emigration rate using a sample of 182 observations, which includes 14 countries (10 Arab and 4 others in a control group). One of our control variables is the real relative return to remittances, which is the ratio of the exchange rate-adjusted real wage in the USA to the exchange rateadjusted real wage in the UK. Our econometric results demonstrate that: (i) Arab demand for U.S. visas is positively and significantly related to the real return to remitting, although the relationship is stronger for total visa demand than for employment visa demand; (ii) A one-dollar increase in the real price of oil from its mean will increase the flow of Arab migrants to the USA by over 505 persons; (iii) For every Arab who has migrated in the past, roughly 5 persons will follow him; and (iv) While the 9/11 terrorist attacks ceteris paribus stimulated migration, the 2003 Iraq-American war dampened it.
Sundanese Language Performance of the Elementary School Teacher

Sundanese language as a local language consists of the indigenous knowledge which needs to be taught from elementary school. Many factors influence the success of the teaching of this language, one of which is the Sundanese language competence and performance of the school teachers. This research investigates the language competence of elementary Sundanese language teachers. The data is the corpus of the teachers’ written production obtained from a writing test in which the teachers were asked to write down their experiences in teaching Sundanese using Sundanese language. Data analysis involved Antconc software to observe the frequency of words that the school teachers produced. The result shows that the teachers did not use varied expressions in their texts. This finding suggests the teachers need to improve their language performance to give more benefits to the students in acquiring new words as new vocabularies. Keywords—frequency of words; language performance; school teacher; Sundanese Language
Opções de integração lavoura-pecuária e alguns de seus aspectos econômicos.

Introducao. Consorcio de culturas anuais com forrageiras pelo Sistema Barreirao. Consorcio de culturas anuais com forrageiras pelo Sistema Santa Fe. Rotacao lavoura-pecuaria. Sucessao anual cultura anual-forrageira anual. Aspectos economicos de sistemas ILP conduzidos pela Embrapa Arroz e Feijao. Integracao lavoura-pecuaria: o caso da Fazenda Dona Isabina, Santa Carmem, MT. Integracao lavoura-pecuaria: o caso da Fazenda Santa Luzia, Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA. Integracao lavoura-pecuaria: o caso da Fazenda Capivara, Santo Antonio de Goias, GO. Indicadores zootecnicos e economicos avaliados em maio 2007. Consideracoes finais.
Using of DNA fingerprinting in poultry research.

Genetic fingerprinting, DNA testing or DNA profiling is a technique to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. In modern animal breeding and production, with welfare and optimum nutrition, the major health problems arise mainly from genetic background. Obviously the selection does not affect the genome, but rather changes gene frequencies in the population and modifies the range of genetic variation of selected and correlated traits. These effects can be detected at the DNA level with the use of appropriate tools. DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool in poultry for investigating genetic diversity within stocks and establishing relationships among stocks, characterizing individuals or populations genotypically, studying the relative contribution of evolutionary forces to genetic differences between populations, for marker assisted selection, to assist in gene introgression, to predict hybrid vigor and provide useful information for the pre-selection of populations to be used in crossbreeding. This review summarizes the use of genetic fingerprinting in poultry research, especially in some genetic resources of economically important species such as chickens, quails, ducks, goose, turkey and other poultry.
Effects of Message Repetition and Negativity on Credibility Judgments and Political Attitudes

Research on the truth effect has demonstrated that statements are rated as more credible when they are repeatedly presented. However, current research indicates that there are limits to the truth effect and that too many repetitions can decrease message credibility. This study investigates whether message negativity contributes to this boomerang effect and whether the interaction of credibility and negativity influences political attitudes. These assumptions were tested in an online experiment in which the frequency of exposure to political campaign posters and message negativity were manipulated. The results show that negativity on political campaign posters functions as a crucial moderator, especially in combination with high-frequency exposure. Repeatedly presented negative posters resulted in a more negative attitude toward the presented political issue, which was mediated by a decrease in credibility judgments.
Winter prey selection of moose (Alces alces) by Scandinavian wolves (Canis lupus)

In ten wolf territories, prey selection of moose by wolves was studied in south-central Scandinavia during winters of 1997/98 to 2002/03. A total of 392 calf and adult moose were classified as either wolf killed or probably wolf killed. Carcasses were found predominantly by using VHF and GPSpositioning of wolves in combination with snow tracking. Calves were selected for in the majority of the ten territories, however, individual territories showed great variation in the proportion (39-93%) of wolf killed calves. Calf proportions in wolf kills were not correlated to the proportions in the standing moose population, indicating different hunting strategies among wolf packs. The higher average calf proportion in wolf kills of this study (72%) compared to a number of North American studies (13-56%) is argued to be related to poor anti-predation behavior by Scandinavian female moose, rendering physically subordinate calves more susceptible to wolf predation. Proportionally more calves, less 2-10 years and more ≥11 years moose were wolf killed as compared to human harvest. When separating for sex, less 2-10 year-olds and more ≥11 years female moose were wolf killed, whereas among males differences were not consistently significant, but proportionally more calves and fewer 2-10 years were wolf killed. Differences between wolf killed females and males were most probably related to wolves selecting for old females. It is suggested that senescence in old females make them more susceptible to wolf predation. Among adults (>1 years), proportionally less adult males were wolf killed (24%) compared to human harvest (59%). This may be explained by intensive harvest of adult males. When comparing wolf killed adult male proportion to estimates of the standing moose population, a difference was found to moose observations (37%), however, no significant difference was found compared to corrected moose observations (33%) and aerial counts (34%).
Supply chain management: a structured literature review and implications for future research

Purpose – The field of supply chain management (SCM) has historically been informed by knowledge from narrow functional areas. While some effort towards producing a broader organizational perspective has been made, nonetheless, SCM continues to be largely eclectic with little consensus on its conceptualization and research methodological bases. This paper seeks to clarify aspects of this emerging perspective.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 100 randomly selected refereed journal articles were systematically analyzed.Findings – A number of key findings emerged: the field is a relatively “new” one; several disciplines claim ownership of the field; consensus is lacking on the definition of the term; contextual focus is mostly on the manufacturing industry; predominantly “process” conceptual framing prevails; research methods employed are mostly analytical conceptual, empirical surveys or case studies; the positivist research paradigmatic stance is prevalent; and theories related to transaction cost e.
The Influence of Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α on Prostaglandin Secretion from Porcine Myometrium during the First Third of Pregnancy

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on prostaglandin (PG)F 2α and PGE 2 secretion as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in myometrium collected on days 25, 30 and 40 of pregnancy in pigs. Myometrial slices were incubated for 16 h with IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (1 or 10 ng/ml of medium) or two combinations of the three cytokines (1 or 10 ng/ml of each cytokine per combination). We demonstrated the stimulatory effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on PGF2α and PGE2 secretion from myometrium collected on all examined days of pregnancy, excepting of influence of IL-6 on release of PGF 2α by tissue from day 30. In turn, TNF-α was able to stimulate only PGE2 secretion by myometrium of 40-day-pregnant gilts. The three cytokines applied in combination augmented release of PGE 2 from myometrium collected on days 30 and 40 of pregnancy. Stimulation of PGE2 secretion by cytokines used individually was more frequent than that of PGF 2α . Moreover, an enhancement in PGF 2α and/or PGE 2 release was accompanied by an increase of COX-2 protein expression. Our study shows the ability of cytokines to stimulate PGF 2α and PGE 2 release by porcine myometrium from the first third of pregnancy. Obtained data suggest that locally PGs produced in myometrium influencing the uterine contraction activity may be important for the maintenance of myometrial quiescence during pregnancy and confirm also that the complex cytokine network is an important regulatory mechanism of PGs production during pregnancy.
Performance and methane emissions of Nellore steers grazing tropical pasture supplemented with lipid sources

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid sources on voluntary intake, digestibility, performance, and CH4 emission of Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes forage in the dry season. Forty-five Nellore steers with average weight of 442±34 kg were alloted into one of the five treatments: without additional fat; with palm oil; with linseed oil; with protected fat; and with whole soybeans. The supplements were provided daily and quantities were adjusted to 1% of body weight and diets were formulated in accordance with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and two replications. There were no effects on dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber intake with the inclusion of lipids in the diet. The neutral detergent fiber showed decreased digestibility in animals receiving linseed oil and palm oil treatments compared with animals receiving the diet without additional fat. The linseed oil treatment reduced CH4 emissions by 38% when expressed in mg/d/kg BW and tended to reduce the emission in g/d/kg BW0.75. Lipid sources did not affect the weight gain of the animals. The intake and performance of grazing Nellore steers supplemented at 1% body weight with lipid sources were not modified. However, fiber digestibility was reduced with palm or linseed oil addition. Linseed oil reduced enteric CH4 emissions. Linseed oil has the potential to reduce enteric CH4 emissions in continuous tropical grazing systems based on B. brizantha grass.
An Economic Evaluation of Beneficial Management Practices for Crop Nutrients in Canadian Agriculture

Environmental risk management is the process of measuring and/or assessing environmental risk and developing strategies to manage it. One strategy used in Canadian agriculture to manage environmental risk is the implementation of beneficial management practices (BMPs). This paper provides a summary of a larger research project which explored farm profitability before and after participation in beneficial management practices, specifically those related to crop nutrients. Based on producer perceptions and the assumptions used in this analysis, the results of this study indicate that the majority of the selected BMPs, including soil testing, minimum tillage, no-till and nutrient management planning, improved profitability for the representative farms. The profitability of farms using variable rate fertilization depended on the crop grown and the province in which the BMP was practiced. In all cases, the models suggested that buffer strips reduced expected net revenue. To maximize profitability, a producer needs to consider all aspects of their farm. Prosperity will depend not only on applying best practices to their operation, but to the environment as well.