Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earth-Abundant Materials for Solar Hydrogen Generation

A critical challenge for the 21st century is shifting from the predominant use of fossil fuels to renewables for energy. Among many options, sunlight is the only single renewable resource with sufficient abundance to replace most or all of our current fossil energy use. However, existing photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies cannot be scaled infinitely due to the temporal and geographic intermittency of sunlight. Therefore efficient and inexpensive methods for storage of solar energy in a dense medium are needed in order to greatly increase utilization of the sun as a primary resource. For this purpose we have proposed an artificial photosynthetic system consisting of semiconductors, electrocatalysts, and polymer membranes to carry out photoelectrochemical water splitting as a method for solar fuel generation. This dissertation describes efforts over the last five years to develop critical semiconductor and catalyst components for efficient and scalable photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution, one of the half reactions for water splitting. We identified and developed Ni–Mo alloy and Ni2P nanoparticles as promising earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. We thoroughly characterized Ni–Mo alloys alongside Ni and Pt catalysts deposited onto planar and structured Si light absorbers for solar hydrogen generation. We sought to address several key challenges that emerged in the use of non-noble catalysts for solar fuels generation, resulting in the synthesis and characterization of Ni–Mo nanopowder for use in a new photocathode device architecture. To address the mismatch in stability between non-noble metal alloys and Si absorbers, we also synthesized and characterized p-type WSe2 as a candidate light absorber alternative to Si that is stable under acidic and alkaline conditions.
REVIEW ON DYNAMIC KEY SECURITY PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING PSEUDORANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR

-In the current scenario, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is also playing an important role in research field because it provides so many surveillance applications such as in military, environmental monitoring, battleﬁeld strategy planning, industrial monitoring and many more. Wireless sensor network are self configurable wireless network that tends to major requirement of security. Data would be transferred from one sensor node to another node in open environment. Distributed nature, restricted computing power needs algorithms that require less complex algorithms. To overcome this problem light weight security protocol is used in WSN Classical Security algorithms cannot be easily applied to Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper a survey of security protocols proposed for wireless sensor is provided, the paper also provides a comparison for the same. Security plays an important part in wireless network. In the Present work, secure key management for providing security is play a vital role over wireless sensor network. In the present scenario, because of less computing power and memory space Conventional public key system is not worth full . In the research work the author has used random number to form the key which is a method to increase the security. Main advantage of the present work is that it is tuff to break a pair because a new random key generated each time.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinularia ceramensis Verseveldt, 1977 (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) using next-generation sequencing

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinularia ceramensis was completed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. The mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 18,740 bp in length. The gene arrangements including 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNAs, and 1 tRNA (tRNA-Met). The base composition is 30.26% A, 16.44% C, 16.35% G, and 33.95% T, with a G + C content of 35.76%. According to the phylogenetic analysis, Alcyonacea family are clustered in different clades.
IMPROVING THE CONSERVATION OF A CRYPTIC ENDANGERED FRESHWATER MUSSEL (PARVASPINA COLLINA) THROUGH THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DNA AND SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELING

Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques alleviate challenges associated with locating rare, cryptic, or patchily distributed organisms and have been shown to accurately estimate population abundance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of using eDNA to detect the presence and estimate the abundance of an endangered James spinymussel, Parvaspina collina, using quantitative PCR methods. Detection probabilities at the level of the sampling locale were high (66.7 – 100 %) but varied between sampling seasons. Two sources of potential false negatives were identified and traced to qPCR inhibition and local census sizes below analytical limits of detection. DNA concentrations in the samples matched predicted levels of mussel activity but did not correlate to relative abundance. The extent to which at-site stream characteristics were predictive of DNA concentration was inconsistent across the sampling seasons. Overall, this is a robust technique for identifying species presence but the transport distance of DNA should be determined and inhibitors should be identified and removed before full application of this technique. Introduction Choosing the appropriate methodology for identifying the presence and abundance of species is difficult if the taxon is rare or cryptic in appearance. For freshwater mussels, survey approaches are commonly challenged by small, isolated populations within restricted geographic ranges (e.g., Smith et al. 2001; Strayer et al. 1996). Despite these
Practical Head-Outflow Relationship Definition Methodology That Accounts for Varied Water-Supply Methods

Achieving reliable pressure-driven analysis (PDA) results that account for anomalies within water-pipe networks requires a head-outflow relationship (HOR) model that can calculate supply flow rate according to the supply pressure at each node. Many studies have suggested HOR models, but a methodology to define HORs that considers the actual residential environment of users and differing water-supply methods for residential buildings has not yet been proposed. This study considered water-use data from buildings and actual differences in residential environments in a surveyed area (including building heights, topography, and water systems within buildings) and water-supply methods (indirect/direct water supply, existence of a pump within buildings) to develop a methodology and derive a representative HOR for the target area for PDA. Further, a representative HOR was determined for each block by applying the developed methodology for two blocks with similar residential environments but different water-use patterns. It confirmed that the HOR induced through this process could provide high water-supply performance despite a low supply head and needed to reflect the diversity of the water-supply method. The proposed HOR-definition methodology can be easily applied in water-pipe network design and operation processes and ensure objectivity and rationality of HOR selection to yield reliable PDA results.
Isolation, molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility ofAeromonasspp. obtained from Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) fish in Sabah, Malaysia

Aeromonads are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and have been implicated in fish and human infections. In this study, we isolated, studied antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and screened the existence of 15 virulence genes in aeromonads from two famously consumed fish species—seven marine Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and eight freshwater Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) from the aquaculture hatchery in Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 30 aeromonads (17 A. caviae, 9 A. rivuli, 4 A. dhakensis) were identified using PCR targeting GCAT gene, rpoD‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis. All 30 strains were resistant to amoxicillin and cephalothin and five strains were multidrug‐resistant. Nine virulence genes (lip, ela, eno, fla, aerA, hylA, dam, alt and ser) present in A. dhakensis, suggesting the virulence potential of this species as a fish pathogen. This study offers as a baseline for future studies in monitoring and managing these two fish in aquaculture industry.
Long-term effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity

Supervisory Committee Dr. Brian R. Christie (Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Biology) Supervisor Dr. Craig E. Brown (Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Biology) Departmental Member Dr. Raad Nashmi (Department of Biology) Departmental Member Dr. Caroline E. Cameron (Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology) Outside Member Developmental ethanol exposure causes both structural and functional changes in the brain that can result in cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. The hippocampal formation, an area of the brain strongly linked with learning and memory, is particularly vulnerable to the teratogenic effects of ethanol. Research in this thesis focused on uncovering the effects of developmental ethanol exposure on hippocampal function in adulthood, particularly synaptic plasticity (a putative neurobiological mechanism of learning and memory). The first experiment sought to determine the temporal vulnerability of hippocampal synaptic plasticity as a function of exposure to ethanol during a single trimester. Ethanol exposure during the 1 st or 3 rd trimester equivalent resulted in minor changes in synaptic plasticity in adult offspring. In contrast, ethanol exposure during the 2 nd trimester equivalent resulted in a pronounced decrease in longterm potentiation (LTP), indicating that the timing of exposure determines the severity of the deficit. The second experiment was aimed at determining the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure (1 st and 2 nd trimester equivalent combined) on bidirectional synaptic plasticity. Prenatal ethanol exposure resulted in a profound reduction in LTP but did not affect long-term depression. These findings show that prenatal ethanol exposure creates an imbalance in bidirectional synaptic plasticity. The third experiment sought to determine if prenatal ethanol exposure alters the affect of acute ethanol exposure in adulthood on synaptic plasticity. Acute exposure to ethanol in adulthood attenuated LTP in control offspring. Conversely, the magnitude of LTP was not affected by acute ethanol application in prenatal ethanol offspring. These results suggest that prenatal ethanol iv exposure alters the physiological response to ethanol in adulthood. Together, the results from the experiments undertaken in this thesis demonstrate long-lasting alterations in synaptic plasticity as the result of developmental ethanol exposure. Furthermore, these results allude to a malfunction of neural circuits within the hippocampal formation, perhaps relating to the learning and memory deficits observed in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
A taxonomic revision of Solenostomataceae (Marchantiophyta) in Korea

Solenostomataceae are revised for the Korean Peninsula. In total, 27 species in four genera (Metasolenostoma, Plectocolea, Protosolenostoma, Solenostoma) are recorded, the occurrence of 24 of which is confirmed. Each confirmed species is provided with an ecological overview, and a list of specimens examined and illustrations based on materials from Korea. Solenostoma jirisanense sp. nov. is described.
Acacia longifolia: A Host of Many Guests Even after Fire

Acacia longifolia is a worldwide invader that cause damage in ecosystems, expanding largely after wildfires, which promote germination of a massive seed bank. As a legume, symbiosis is determinant for adaptation. Our study aims to isolate a wider consortium of bacteria harboured in nodules, including both nitrogen and non-nitrogen fixers. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate the effects of fire in nodulation and bacterial diversity on young acacias growing in unburnt and burnt zones, one year after the fire. For this, we used molecular approaches, M13 fingerprinting and 16S rRNA partial sequencing, to identify species/genera involved and δ15N isotopic composition in leaves and plant nodules. Nitrogen isotopic analyses in leaves suggest that in unburnt zones, nitrogen fixation contributes more to plant nitrogen content. Overall, A. longifolia seems to be promiscuous and despite Bradyrhizobium spp. dominance, Paraburkholderia spp. followed by Pseudomonas spp. was also found. Several species not previously reported as nitrogen-fixers were identified, proposing other functions besides ammonia acquisition. Our study shows that bacterial communities are different in nodules after fire. Fire seems to potentiate nodulation and drives symbiosis towards nitrogen-fixers. Taken together, a multifunctional community inside nodules is pointed out which potentiate A. longifolia invasiveness and adaptation.
Biotransformation of Phytosterols to Androst-1,4-Diene-3,17-Dione by Mycobacterium sp. ZFZ Expressing 3-Ketosteroid-Δ1-Dehydrogenase

As an important hormone drug intermediate, androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione can be bio-converted from phytosterols. However, separation and purification in the downstream process are very difficult due to the similarity in structure and physiological characteristics between ADD and androstenedione (AD). This phenomenon was correlated to the insufficient enzyme activity of 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase (KSDD), which specifically catalyzes the C1,2 dehydrogenation of AD. In order to obtain a highly purified ADD from phytosterols, the dehydrogenation effect of different kinds of KSDDs and the transcription effect of four promoter sequences on ksdd were analyzed in Mycobacterium sp. ZFZ (ZFZ), the cell host that transform phytosterols to AD in the oil-aqueous system. A tandem KSDD expression cassette containing strain ZFZ-2111 yielded 2.06 ± 0.09 g L−1 ADD, with a molar ratio of ADD/AD at 41.47:1.00 in 120 h. In waste cooking oil-aqueous media, the proportion of ADD in the fermentation by ZFZ-2111 was 92%. The present study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the step-by-step transformation of phytosterols to ADD.
Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Bay of Bengal by the Central Indian Ocean Mode

Tropical cyclones (TCs) can be modified by various processes in the multiscale weather and climate system. In this study, the TC genesis locations are found to shift northward in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) due to the intraseasonal central Indian Ocean (CIO) mode. During the positive phase of the CIO mode, convection center moves from the equator to the BoB. Correspondingly, over the BoB, the updraft transports moisture to the mid‐troposphere, and the associated convergence and cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere are favorable for TC genesis. The diagnoses on eddy kinetic energy budget indicate that the barotropic energy gain from intraseasonal variabilities nourishes TC genesis over the BoB, which is mainly attributable to the horizontal gradient of zonal winds associated with the enhanced low‐level convergence and vorticity during the positive CIO mode. During the negative CIO mode, convection is around the equator. The TC genesis locations shift southward, but the modifications are not significant. The impacts of the CIO mode on TC genesis over the BoB are different from the influences of Madden‐Julian Oscillation. Hence, the results are expected to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the relations between TCs and intraseasonal variabilities over the Indian Ocean.
Implementation in Residential Youth Care: Providers Perspectives on Effective Leadership Behavior

ABSTRACT Considering the high prevalence of mental health challenges among the residential youth care (RYC) population, it is imperative that research-informed interventions are implemented in this setting. However, little research is available regarding RYC implementation practices. Leadership is a vital influencer of implementation success. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further the knowledge base concerning effective implementation in RYC by investigating implementation leadership behavior. Utilizing qualitative methods, RYC providers were asked about effective implementation leadership behaviors, with an emphasis on similarities and variations in behavior enacted by different leadership levels within the organization. The results indicate that relations-oriented and task-oriented leadership behavior are more important than change-oriented implementation leadership behavior among the providers interviewed. The reported behaviors differed in terms of leadership level. The top executive leadership was more involved in task-oriented leadership behavior (i.e., monitoring activities, resource procurement), while the facility management was more involved with relations-oriented behaviors (i.e., providing support, facilitating cooperation). Finally, the results are discussed in light of RYC characteristics and implementation stages.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF TOURIST-VILLAGE PROMOTION THROUGH THE OPTIMALIZATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL-YOUTH

Bogor Regency is one of the Jakarta’s buffer cities that able to provide alternative tourism locations for the citizen of the capital and surrounding areas. Ciasmara Village is one of the tourism villages located in Bogor Regency. The main problem encountered by tourism in Ciasmara Village is the lack of promotion and limited infrastructure. These two problems are the biggest factors that hinder the tourism potential of Ciasmara village from being optimally managed. The purpose of this community service activity is to optimize tourism potential through the information and communication technology. Furthermore, the other purpose is to support the behavior shifting of the youth organization in terms of utilizing information and communication technology for the benefit of Ciasmara Tourism village promotion. The method used in this community service activity was discussion and direct training to Ciasmara Village's youth organization. The objective of this community service is Ciasmara Village's youth organization. In the beginning, the target amount of the training participants was at least 20 young people, because there were only 20 active members of the youth organization. In its implementation, this activity was attended by 31-35 participants, indicating that this community service was enticing for Ciasmara village's youths. Through interviews with the head of the youth organizations and the participants, they acknowledged that they were interested in participating in this activity because they felt they had a responsibility to develop village promotions, some of the youth said that they had social media and could promote their area for free. From interviews with several participants and village officials, it was found that this community service activity was able to motivate them to study photography more seriously and utilize social media for the promotion of rural tourism. This can be recognized from the development of official Instagram social media account owned by Ciasmara Village which is indeed focused on promoting tourism and governance in Ciasmara village.
Effect of Binder Adding to The Physical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Pellets

Utilization of MSW as solid fuel has been developed through the process of gasification and pyrolysis. To improve energy efficiency during combustion, it needs uniformity of form and compaction, therefore MSW is formed in the form of pellets. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical characteristics of MSW pellets with the addition of binder and pellet drying process. Pellets consist of organic material, plastic, paper and leaves which are dried and crushed to reduce size. The material is mixed with the tapioca flour binder content of 0%, 3% and 6% and then compacted in the form of pellets. After the milling process, the pellets are dried with a treatment of 0, 6 and 12 hours to measure physical characteristics, moisture content and caloric value. Physical measurements consist of tests of density, durability and hardness. The developed pellet had a size length of 23.6 – 24 mm and diameter of 7.8-8.2 mm and 1.16-1.36 grams of weight the individual pellet. From the results of measurements and observations, pellets with 0% binder adding and 12-hours of drying can produce better quality, in the absence of fungal contamination and have a higher caloric value. MSW pellets from that process have achieved European pellet standards for physical properties, moisture content and caloric value.
A domain knowledge graph construction method based on Wikipedia

In order to achieve real-time updating of the domain knowledge graph and improve the relationship extraction ability in the construction process, a domain knowledge graph construction method is proposed. Based on the structured knowledge in Wikipedia’s classification system, we acquire concepts and instances contained in subject areas. A relationship extraction algorithm based on co-word analysis is intended to extract the classification relationships in semi-structured open labels. A Bi-GRU remote supervised relationship extraction model based on a multiple-scale attention mechanism and an improved cross-entropy loss function is proposed to obtain the non-classification relationships of concepts in unstructured texts. Experiments show that the proposed model performs better than the existing methods. Based on the obtained concepts, instances and relationships, a domain knowledge graph is constructed and the domain-independent nodes and relationships contained in them are removed through a vector variance algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by constructing a food domain knowledge graph based on Wikipedia.
Analysing the determinants, constraints and opportunities of smallholder farmers access to input markets: evidence from northern Ghana

Smallholder farmers face multiple constraints in accessing input markets. This study seeks to understand the dynamics that influence input markets in northern Ghana and the opportunities that exist for smallholder farmers to increase their productivity and welfare. Using a random sample of 448 households, the study applied the probit and non-parametric methods in identifying the factors that influence farmers’ access to input markets and the key constraints faced by them. The results show that access to extension services, access to finance, distance to the nearest input market, and input source are significant factors that would be likely to influence farmers’ access to input markets. Lack of finance, poor road network, and low prices of output are the main critically ranked constraints limiting farmers’ access to input markets. Policy initiatives should be geared toward strengthening extension service delivery, farmer education on inputs, improving feeder roads, and encouraging private sector participation in input markets. Available opportunities to leverage on and improve farmers’ access to input markets include the governments’ input subsidy programmes, existing large-scale agricultural projects, private agricultural companies with contract farming models, and extensive network of input dealers and aggregators in the communities. These findings are relevant for farmers, input dealers and policy makers working to improve farmers’ access to input markets.