Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep architecture in unrestrained rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) synchronized to 24-hour light-dark cycles.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To characterize the sleep patterns of unrestrained, diurnal nonhuman primates entrained to 24-hour light-dark cycles. DESIGN EEG, EMG, and EOG were recorded continuously via implanted telemetry from 5 unrestrained male rhesus monkeys housed individually under a 16:8 light-dark cycle (LD 16:8; L = 13 lux; D = 0 lux). RESULTS In a LD 16:8 cycle, all 5 monkeys demonstrated a long period of consolidated sleep during the 8-h dark period. On average, sleep accounted for 89.2% of the 8-h dark period and 25.2% of the 16-hour light period. REM sleep occupied 23% of total sleep time over 24 h, or 10.7% of the total time. The average length of the consolidated sleep (CS) period was 10.5 h, although the time of CS onset was variable. In contrast, the end of CS, and thus the onset of consolidated wakefulness (CW) demonstrated very little variation, typically occurring within 2 min of light onset. Ultradian NREM-REM cycles with periods of approximately 60 min were also observed. EEG delta activity during NREM sleep, thought to reflect the homeostatic sleep process, peaked at 3-4 h after CS onset. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the feasibility of long-term, unrestrained sleep monitoring in nonhuman primates using fully-implantable biotelemetry. With minor exceptions, most notably a delay in peak delta activity, sleep-wake architecture, regulation, and consolidation in rhesus monkeys strongly resembles that of humans. These results demonstrate that the unrestrained rhesus monkey is an excellent biomedical model for human sleep.
Investigation of benchmark model for estimating iron loss in rotating machine

In order to examine estimation methods of iron losses of rotating machines, a verification model of the surface permanent magnet (SPM) motor is manufactured and measured by the investigation committee of the IEE of Japan. The effect of stress due to the insertion to aluminum case on magnetic characteristics can also be investigated by using the model. In this paper, features of the benchmark model are discussed, and some results of calculation and measurement are shown. Various kinds of methods for estimating iron losses due to distorted elliptical rotating flux are discussed. It is illustrated that the difference between results estimated using those methods and measured iron loss is within 10%.
Kupffer Cell Proliferation and Glucan‐Induced Granuloma Formation in Mice Depleted of Blood Monocytes by Strontium‐89

In mice with prolonged severe monocytopenia induced by selective irradiation of the bone marrow with the bone‐seeking isotope 89Sr, the proliferative capacity of Kupffer cells was studied by immunohistochemistry with an anti‐mouse macrophage monoclonal antibody, F4/80, ultrastructural peroxidase (PO) cytochemistry, and tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) autoradiography. The number and 3HTdR uptake of Kupffer cells were significantly increased in the splenectomized mice after severe monocytopenia had continued for more than 4 wk, and almost all the Kupffer cells showed a localization pattern of PO activity similar to that of resident macrophages in the liver of normal mice. In the glucan‐induced granuloma formation in similar mortocytopenic mice, Kupffer cells proliferated. conglomerated, and transformed into epithelioid cells, which fused together to become multinuclear giant cells. These results suggest that Kupffer cells are a self‐renewing population by their own cell division and can participate actively in granulomatous inflammations in severely monocytopenic and intact mice.
Transmission line matching effects on the performance of shunt-C/series-tuned and series-L/parallel-tuned class-E amplifiers

The impact that the transmission-line load-network has on the performance of the recently introduced series-L/parallel-tuned class-E amplifier and the classic shunt-C/series-tuned configuration when compared to optimally derived lumped load networks is discussed. In addition an improved load topology which facilitates harmonic suppression of up to 5th order as required for maximum class-E efficiency as well as load resistance transformation and a design procedure involving the use of Kuroda's identity and Richard's transformation enable a distributed synthesis process which dispenses with the need for iterative tuning as previously required in order to achieve optimum class-E operation.
Indoor experiment on 5G radio access using beam tracking at 15 GHz band

This paper presents indoor experimental results showing the achievement of 14.5 Gbps throughput performance based on 730.5 MHz bandwidth transmission when applying carrier aggregation (CA) with 8 component carriers (CCs) and 4-by-8 single-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing in the 15 GHz frequency band in the downlink of 5G cellular radio access. Beam tracking with massive MIMO is implemented in a 5G testbed to support user mobility with a narrow beam. Experimental results in an indoor multi-path rich environment show that the peak throughput is 14.5 Gbps in a line-of-sight (LoS) environment with high mobility-reference signal received power (MRSRP) and low antenna correlation. The results also show that 12.5 Gbps is achieved behind a wall in non-LOS conditions due to ceiling reflections.
Function of the LFA‐1 and T4 molecules in the direct activation of resting human B lymphocytes by T lymphocytes

Activated T lymphocytes can provide all of the signals necessary to induce the proliferation of resting B lymphocytes. The activation signal is presumably initiated through direct T‐B lymphocyte contact. The role of the leukocyte function antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) and T4 molecules in the activation of purified, small B lymphocytes by mitomycin C‐treated T lymphocytes was examined by using monoclonal antibodies that react with and inhibit the function of these molecules. Anti‐LFA‐1 antibody binding significantly inhibited T‐B lymphocyte interactions that result in B lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast, the presence of anti‐T4 antibodies at concentrations as high as 100 μg/ml did not inhibit this interaction. These results indicate that the B lymphocyte activation signal may not be mediated through the interaction of T4 molecules with major histocompatibility complex class II antigens of the B lymphocyte but is a cell‐cell contact‐dependent event that is facilitated by LFA‐1 molecules.
In Vivo Formation of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 DNA Repair Foci in Blood Cells After Radioiodine Therapy of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical cellular lesions that can result from ionizing radiation exposure. A marker for DSB formation is the phosphorylated form of the histone H2 variant H2AX (γ-H2AX). DSBs also attract the damage sensor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) to the DSB-containing chromatin, because 53BP1 associates with the DSB-surrounding chromatin. We studied the induction, persistence, and disappearance of radiation-induced γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci after the first 131I therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, a model for protracted, continuous, internal whole-body irradiation. Methods: Twenty-six patients (7 men, 19 women; mean age ± SD, 42 ± 13 y) underwent posttherapeutic blood dosimetry according to the standard operating procedure of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, including peripheral blood sampling and external dose rate measurements at 2–144 h after administration of 131I for thyroid remnant ablation. The mean time curves of dose accumulation and dose rate to the blood were compared with the mean γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci counts over the same period in samples of mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes. Results: The mean absorbed dose to the blood in 24 patients evaluable for physical dosimetry was 0.31 ± 0.10 Gy (minimum, 0.17 Gy; maximum, 0.57 Gy). After 24 h, the mean daily dose increment was less than 0.05 Gy. The excess focus counts per nucleus—that is, nuclear foci in excess of the low background count—peaked at 2 h after radioiodine administration (median excess foci for γ-H2AX [n = 21 patients], 0.227, and for 53BP1 [n = 19 patients], 0.235) and progressively declined thereafter. Significantly elevated numbers of excess focus counts per nucleus (median excess foci for γ-H2AX [n = 8 patients], 0.054, and for 53BP1 [n = 6 patients], 0.046) still were present at 120–144 h after therapy. Because the rate of occurrence of radiation-induced focus counts per nucleus per absorbed dose varied considerably among patients, a dose–response relationship could not be established for this series as a whole. The number of excess radiation-induced focus counts per nucleus per absorbed dose rate increased with time, potentially indicating a slower rate of DNA repair or, alternatively, a higher de novo rate of focus formation. The values over time of both radiation-induced DSB markers correlated closely (r2 = 0.973). Conclusion: Radiation-induced γ-H2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci are useful markers for detecting radiation exposure after radionuclide incorporation, even for absorbed doses to the blood below 20 mGy.
Optical Fibre Long-Period Gratings Functionalised with Nano-Assembled Thin Films: Approaches to Chemical Sensing

© 2013 Lee et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Optical Fibre Long-Period Gratings Functionalised with Nano-Assembled Thin Films: Approaches to Chemical Sensing
Structural Insights into Activation of the Retinal L-type Ca2+ Channel (Cav1.4) by Ca2+-binding Protein 4 (CaBP4)*

Background: Cav1.4 is regulated by CaBP4, which is required for continuous release of neurotransmitter in retinal photoreceptor cells. Results: CaBP4 contains two separate EF-hand lobes that bind Ca2+ and form a collapsed structure around the IQ motif in Cav1.4. Conclusion: CaBP4 is suggested to activate Cav1.4 by disrupting an interaction between IQ and ICDI. Significance: CaBP4 mutations associated with congenital stationary night blindness impair its binding to IQ. CaBP4 modulates Ca2+-dependent activity of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav1.4) in retinal photoreceptor cells. Mg2+ binds to the first and third EF-hands (EF1 and EF3), and Ca2+ binds to EF1, EF3, and EF4 of CaBP4. Here we present NMR structures of CaBP4 in both Mg2+-bound and Ca2+-bound states and model the CaBP4 structural interaction with Cav1.4. CaBP4 contains an unstructured N-terminal region (residues 1–99) and four EF-hands in two separate lobes. The N-lobe consists of EF1 and EF2 in a closed conformation with either Mg2+ or Ca2+ bound at EF1. The C-lobe binds Ca2+ at EF3 and EF4 and exhibits a Ca2+-induced closed-to-open transition like that of calmodulin. Exposed residues in Ca2+-bound CaBP4 (Phe137, Glu168, Leu207, Phe214, Met251, Phe264, and Leu268) make contacts with the IQ motif in Cav1.4, and the Cav1.4 mutant Y1595E strongly impairs binding to CaBP4. We conclude that CaBP4 forms a collapsed structure around the IQ motif in Cav1.4 that we suggest may promote channel activation by disrupting an interaction between IQ and the inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent inactivation domain.
A Novel Method for Fast and Accurate Similarity Measure in Time Series Field

Similarity measure is a central problem in time series data mining. Although most approaches to this problem have been developed, with the rapid growth of the amount of data, we believe there is a challenging demand for supporting similarity measure in a fast and accurate way. In this paper, we propose a new time series representation model and a corresponding similarity measure, which is able to capture the main trends of time series and fulfill fast similarity detection. We compare the new method with state-of-the-art time series similarity methods and dimension-reduction techniques to indicate its superiority. Experiment results demonstrate the new method is able to support both fast and accurate similarity measure.
Modular multilevel converter with full-bridge submodules and improved low-frequency ripple suppression for medium-voltage drives

Due to the low-frequency voltage fluctuation problem, application of modular multilevel converters (MMC) in wide-speed-range medium-voltage (MV) drives is still difficult. This paper proposes a new approach to this problem. Firstly, full-bridge submodules (FB-SM) are used in place of the traditional half-bridge submodules (HB-SM). The former can significantly reduce the low-frequency pulsating power in the SM capacitors. Secondly, an improved “square wave plus third-order harmonic injection” with quasi-resonant (QR) control scheme is proposed to transfer the low-frequency ripple power into high-frequency ones. Simulation and experimental results prove the validity of proposed method. A comparison between the FB-SM based and HB-SM based MMCs showed good potential of the former in MV drive applications.
L, U, T and F-shaped slots in patch antenna

In this work, different shaped slots such as L, U, T and F-shaped were used to design a microstrip patch antenna. The radiating elements of the proposed antenna was designed to be a symmetrical rectangular shape with respect to horizontal axis which have geometrical slots inside of it. Feed type of the designed antenna is circular shape via with 0.55mm. radius. The antenna was fed from center for the purpose to keep the symmetric form of the antenna. This patch antenna have all kind of slots combined thereby achieving more design degrees of freedom comparing similar antennas found in literature.
Understanding Adolescent Peer Sexual Harassment and Abuse: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

This study examines intentions to take protective action against peer sexual harassment and abuse (PSHA). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposes that attitudes about protective action, perceptions of what others would think about doing this (subjective norms), and behavioral control would be important predictors. A total of 1,531 Chinese secondary school students (769 boys and 762 girls) from Hong Kong were surveyed to test this model. Results showed that the TPB model was predictive for girls, but only subjective norms and behavioral control significantly predicted boys’ intentions to protect themselves. Results supported the influence of subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on youths’ intentions to reject PSHA. These factors may be useful in guiding the development of an educational program for prevention of PSHA.
Leptin Impairs Metabolic Actions of Insulin in Isolated Rat Adipocytes*

Leptin is an adipocyte hormone involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Generally accepted biological effects of leptin are inhibition of food intake and stimulation of metabolic rate in ob/ob mice that are defective in the leptin gene. In contrast to these centrally mediated effects of leptin, we are reporting here on leptin effects on isolated rat adipocytes. Leptin impairs several metabolic actions of insulin, i.e.stimulation of glucose transport, glycogen synthase, lipogenesis, inhibition of isoproterenol-induced lipolysis, and protein kinase A activation, as well as stimulation of protein synthesis. Insulin effects were reduced by leptin (2 nm) with a half-life of about 8 h. At low leptin concentrations (<1 nm), the insulin sensitivity was reduced leading to a shift to the right in the dose-response curve. At higher concentrations the responsiveness was diminished, resulting in nearly complete inhibition of insulin effects at >30 nm leptin. The IC50 value of leptin was 3.1 ± 1 nm after 15 h of preincubation of adipocytes in primary culture. The natural splice variant des-Gln49-leptin exhibited a significantly lower potency. Adipocytes regained full insulin sensitivity within a few hours after leptin removal. The stimulation of glucose transport by vanadate was not affected by leptin. These data show specific and potent impairment of insulin action by leptin in the physiological concentration range of both leptin and insulin, which may be related to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in both non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism

The association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism was investigated. Observational studies were conducted on referred and first-opinion cases of hormonal urinary incontinence and on referred, confirmed cases of incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Large and giant breeds were at high risk, whereas small breeds were at low risk. Specific breeds at high risk were the old english sheep-dog, rottweiler, dobermann pinscher, weimaraner and Irish setter. The labrador retriever had a relatively low risk. There was also a positive association between docking and neutering, and the two conditions.
Genotoxic Stress Prevents Ndd1-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of G2/M-Specific Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Downregulation of specific transcripts is one of the mechanisms utilized by eukaryotic checkpoint systems to prevent cell cycle progression. Here we identified and explored such a mechanism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It involves the Mec1-Rad53 kinase cascade, which attenuates G2/M-specific gene transcription upon genotoxic stress. This inhibition is achieved via multiple Rad53-dependent inhibitory phosphorylations on the transcriptional activator Ndd1 that prevent its chromatin recruitment via interactions with the forkhead factor Fkh2. Relevant modification sites on Ndd1 were identified by mass spectrometry, and corresponding alanine substitutions were able to suppress a methyl methanesulfonate-induced block in Ndd1 chromatin recruitment. Whereas effective suppression by these Ndd1 mutants is achieved for DNA damage, this is not the case under replication stress conditions, suggesting that additional mechanisms must operate under such conditions. We propose that budding yeast cells prevent the normal transcription of G2/M-specific genes upon genotoxic stress to precisely coordinate the timing of mitotic and postmitotic events with respect to S phase.
A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid stimulating hormone.

1 Soler NG, Bennett MA, FitzGerald MG, Malins JM. Intensive care in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Latncet 1973;i:951-4. 2 Sheppard MC, Wright AD. The effect on mortality of low-dose insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care 1982;5:111-3. 3 Marr TJ, Traisman HS, Traisman ES, Typlin B, Ban S. Juvenile ketoacidosis: the use of sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of diabetic children. J Kans Med Soc 1981;892:282-4. 4 Soler NG, Bennett MA, Dixon K, FitzGerald MG, Malins JM. Potassium balance during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Lancet 1972;ii:665-7. 5 Lever E, Jaspan JB. Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Am J Med 1983;75: 263-8.
A Clinically-Translatable Machine Learning Algorithm for the Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Conversion in Individuals with Mild and Premild Cognitive Impairment.

BACKGROUND Available therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) can only alleviate and delay the advance of symptoms, with the greatest impact eventually achieved when provided at an early stage. Thus, early identification of which subjects at high risk, e.g., with MCI, will later develop AD is of key importance. Currently available machine learning algorithms achieve only limited predictive accuracy or they are based on expensive and hard-to-collect information. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to develop an algorithm for a 3-year prediction of conversion to AD in MCI and PreMCI subjects based only on non-invasively and effectively collectable predictors. METHODS A dataset of 123 MCI/PreMCI subjects was used to train different machine learning techniques. Baseline information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and neuropsychological test scores, cardiovascular risk indexes, and a visual rating scale for brain atrophy was used to extract 36 predictors. Leave-pair-out-cross-validation was employed as validation strategy and a recursive feature elimination procedure was applied to identify a relevant subset of predictors. RESULTS 16 predictors were selected from all domains excluding sociodemographic information. The best model resulted a support vector machine with radial-basis function kernel (whole sample: AUC = 0.962, best balanced accuracy = 0.913; MCI sub-group alone: AUC = 0.914, best balanced accuracy = 0.874). CONCLUSIONS Our algorithm shows very high cross-validated performances that outperform the vast majority of the currently available algorithms, and all those which use only non-invasive and effectively assessable predictors. Further testing and optimization in independent samples will warrant its application in both clinical practice and clinical trials.
Power Differentials in Bullying

Central to the definition of bullying is the abuse of power. Power relationships are inherent in social groups, by virtue of differing size, strength, age, socioeconomic status (SES), or social connectedness of individuals. Beyond the influence of these individual characteristics, environmental factors have the potential to affect the power dynamic in bullying and victimization, but are a relatively unexplored research area. In particular, we know little about how the community-level factors relate to bullying in the adolescent population. The present study is guided by a social ecological perspective to gain a deeper understanding of the individual and built community characteristics (e.g., parks, recreational spaces, buildings that facilitate social interaction and community connectedness) that contribute to the power dynamics related to victimization or bullying in traditional and electronic contexts. Data were collected from 17,777 students in Grades 6 to 10 as part of the 2009/2010 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) Survey, from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data, and from 2006 Canadian Census data. Two nested models were run using HLM with age, gender, ethnicity, SES, social inclusion factors (e.g., collective efficacy), and community resource factors (e.g., access to recreation) as predictors. Characteristics of individuals that placed them at a power disadvantage (being younger, female, and having low SES) were linked to higher rates of victimization. Lower individual collective efficacy was also associated with higher rates of traditional and electronic victimization. Community recreational opportunities were associated with decreased victimization in both contexts. The relative importance of individual and built environmental factors and conceptualization of bullying interactions within a social ecology model are discussed.
Estrous Cycle Variations in Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone, Substance P and Beta‐Endorphin Contents in the Median Eminence, the Arcuate Nucleus and the Medial Preoptic Nucleus in the Rat: A Detailed Analysis of Proestrus Changes

The concentrations of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, substance P and β‐endorphin were measured in the median eminence, the arcuate nucleus and the medial preoptic nucleus of 4‐day cycling female rats. Very well marked estrous cycle‐related fluctuations were registered for these neuropeptides in these areas. The largest variations in concentrations of peptide levels were observed in the median eminence. Substance P concentration was highest throughout the day of proestrus as compared to the three others days of the cycle. At the time of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge, on the afternoon of proestrus, there was a marked increase in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone concentration and a marked decrease in β‐endorphin concentration.