Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photosynthesis and Growth Response of Almond to Increased Atmospheric Ozone Partial Pressures 1

Uniform nursery stock of five almond cultivars [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb syn. P. amygdalus Batsch, cv. Butte, Carmel, Mission, Nonpareil, and Sonora] propagated on peach (P. domestica L. Batsch.) rootstock were exposed to three different atmospheric ozone (O 3 ) partial pressures. The trees were planted in open-top fumigation chambers on 19 Apr. 1989 at the University of California Kearny Agricultural Center located in the San Joaquin Valley of California(.)
TIMELY APPLICATION OF HEARING AIDS HELPS PRESERVE SPEECH DISCRIMINATION ABILITY

Background: Hearing damage has been related to certain brain conditions, particularly cognitive impairment. Hearing aids are commonly prescribed to compensate for hearing loss. In the current study, the time from when a hearing aid was first used by a patient was studied in terms of their speech discrimination ability in comparison with matched individuals who used no hearing aids. Material and methods: Some 204 patients were enrolled and classified into two groups: 102 patients willing to use a hearing aid as soon as their hearing loss was diagnosed (Aided Group) and 102 patients who were also diagnosed with hearing loss but did not adopt hearing aids (Unaided group). The mean hearing threshold (HT) at octave intervals from 125 to 8000 Hz, speech reception threshold (SRT), and speech discrimination score (SDS) were compared between the two groups of patients at 18 and 36 months. Results: According to measurements 36 months after a patient’s first attendance, patients who did not use a hearing aid immediately had significantly lower SDS scores compared to patients who decided to use hearing aids early on. This clearly demonstrates that timely application of hearing aids can prevent the loss of speech perception capabilities. Conclusions: It is suggested that the golden time for hearing aid application is important. Hearing aids worn during the early stages of hearing loss can lead to improved speech discrimination ability. If there is hearing loss while discrimination is good (80% or higher), a hearing aid will be very useful. However, if discrimination is poor the results will not be as good.
Rich chemistry of copper in crystalline silicon

The interstitial copper ion (Cu{sub i}{sup +}) is a very fast-diffusing impurity in Si. While the isolated interstitial is a shallow donor, it reacts with impurities and defects and these reactions affect the electrical properties of the material. Copper passivates shallow acceptors, forms pairs with various impurities, including itself, and precipitates at defects. Some Cu precipitates are strong electron-hole recombination centers. In this paper, interstitial and substitutional copper, copper-acceptor pairs, and the precipitation of copper at a model nanodefect, the ring hexavacancy, are studied in clusters at the {ital ab initio} Hartree-Fock level. The chemistry of copper in Si is not as simple as commonly believed, even in the case of Cu{sub i}{sup +}. The interstitial ion is not in the 3d{sup 10}4sp{sup 0} configuration as often assumed, but transfers some electrons into the 4sp shell, which ultimately is responsible for the various covalent interactions between copper and its host crystal. In addition to energy-optimized configurations and binding energies, a number of details of the chemical interactions shed light on the behavior of copper in silicon. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Comparative studies on adsorptive removal of indole by granular activated carbon and bagasse fly ash

In the present article, comparative studies were performed for the adsorptive removal of indole by granular activated carbon (GAC) and bagasse fly ash (BFA) in batch system. Experiments were conducted to study and optimize various operational parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, and temperature. BFA was found to work more effectively over wide pH range for indole removal than GAC. Optimum dose and equilibrium time for GAC were found to be 20 g L−1 and 7 h, whereas, respective values for BFA were 7 g L−1 and 3 h. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by Redlich and Peterson isotherm. Kinetic data was best represented for pseudo‐second order kinetic model. Indole adsorption onto GAC and BFA was found to be endothermic in nature. Values for entropy change and heat of adsorption for GAC were found as 101.30 kJ mol−1 K−1 and 12.42 kJ mol−1 whereas for BFA respective values were 198.88 kJ mol−1 K−1 and 32.22 kJ mol−1. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 492–503, 2015
The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Metacognitive Therapy on Weight-Related Lifestyle, Hemoglobin A1C, and Leptin in Overweight Women

Author Address 1. Department of Health Psychology, Khorramshahr Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshar, Iran; 2. Associate Professor of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; 3. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran; 4. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran. *Corresponding author’s email: nmafrah@yahoo.com
Separation of Amino-Acids by Reversed Phase Chromatography: Development of a Model Mixture Dedicated to the Study of Solvent Gradient Chromatography Processes

Solvent gradient is currently used in analytical chromatography and presents an increasing interest in preparative chromatography. The applications relate to complex separations of mixtures where the target species has an intermediate affinity for the solid support compared to that of the other species, which is often the case during the purification of biomolecules extracted from natural raw materials or resulting from biotechnologies. In this case, separation leads to three fractions, impurities weakly retained, an intermediate fraction, and impurities strongly retained. An inexpensive and non-toxic mixture, containing five amino-acids, was identified as a good model mixture for such studies. These amino-acids were selected by taking into account their non-polar and hydrophobic nature. They were selected because of their aptitude for being easily detected in UV-visible spectroscopy without derivation. Separations were carried out by reversed phase chromatography. An experimental study first enabled determining the adsorption isotherm parameters of each amino-acid on an analytical column then on a preparative column for various organic solvent fractions. An empirical law was chosen to express the retention factor k as a function of the mobile phase composition (k=f (xM)). An approach based on the column modeling by mixed cells in series enabled to simulate the separations obtained on the two types of columns. The use of the laws giving retention factor k as a function of the organic solvent fraction xM then made it possible to carry out simulations for various solvent gradients. A simple methodology was developed to calculate the optimal solvent gradient. The gradient was optimized by minimizing the separation time and by respecting a constraint on the peaks resolution of the two species which are the most difficult to separate. A really good adequacy was observed between the experimental simulations and results for the weakly retained fraction as well as for the intermediate fraction which comprises components difficult to separate. Adequacy is not as good for strongly retained fraction but it is worth using these two species in the model mixture. This model mixture proves to be interesting to study solvent gradient preparative chromatography processes. The retention of these compounds is sensitive to the organic solvent fraction. It is easy to get these products which are inexpensive, non-toxic, and detectable without any derivation.
Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation as a Function of Temperature: A High Sensitivity Titration Calorimetry Study

Summary and Conclusions Titration calorimetry can be used as a routine method for the determination of all thermodynamic quantities for the micellization of surfactant^. '. ^^^^-'^ Particularly, the availability of power compensated microtitration calorimeters with high sensitivity has improved the speed and precision of the method.I6 The cmc and the micellization enthalpy can be determined from a single experiment. The temperature dependence of these quantities is easily accessible in the temperature range between 0 and 80 “C. From the temperature dependence of the demicellization enthalpy, udemic, the heat capacity change, ACp,demic, can be directly determined and thus information on the change in hydrophobic contacts upon demicellization can be estimated. The temperature at which the cmc minimum occurs can be determined with great precision from the temperature where AHdemic is zero. The shape of the titration curves also contains information on the aggregation number. A simulation of the titration curves for deoxycholate was attempted using a simple mass action model with a low aggregation number and the association constant and three enthalpic terms as adjustable parameters. The calculations support previous findings that cholates and deoxycholates form micelles with low aggregation numbers.
Peningkatan Network Lifetime Menggunakan Cluster Based Pada Wireless Sensor Network

This series of research activities are in the form of a routing simulation using the LEACH protocol as a cluster-based mechanism method that can improve Network Lifetime in the Wireless Sensor Network protocol, using the Network Simulator 2 application device that describes data transmission, remaining nodes, and energy used. Determination of the performance and power consumption of the wireless sensor network by testing scenario one to scenario five due to the influence of the cluster to be applied, such as scenario 1 using 1 cluster (C1) consumes an average of the energy of 0.155 joules and the data sent or obtained is 72,848 bytes. Barriers or disruptions to the clusterhead affect the performance of LEACH, so there is a need for criteria or conditions to determine which nodes should be used as clusterhead.
Image-Based Ordinal Regression of Snow Depth: A deep learning approach

The road traffic is highly sensitive to weather conditions. Accumulation of snow on the road can cause important safety problems. But road conditions monitoring is as hard as critical: in mid-latitude countries, on the one hand, the spatial variability of snowfall is high and on the other hand, accurate characterization of snow accumulation mainly relies on costly sensors. In recent decades, webcams have become ubiquitous along the road network. The quality of these webcams is variable but even low-resolution images capture information about the extent and the thickness of the snow layer. Their images are also currently used by forecasters to refine their analysis. The automatic extraction of relevant meteorological information is hence very useful. Recently, generic and efficient computer vision methods have emerged. Their application to image-based weather estimation has become an attractive field of research. However, the scope of existing work is generally limited to high-resolution images from one or a few cameras. In this study, we show that for a moderate effort of labelling, recent Machine Learning approaches allow us to predict quantitative indices of the snow depth for a large variety of webcam settings and illumination. Our approach is based on two datasets. The smallest one contains about 2.000 images coming from ten webcams that were set up near sensors devoted to snow depth measurements. The largest one contains 20,000 images coming from 200 cameras of the AMOS dataset. Meteorological standard rules of human observation and the specifics of the webcams have been taken into account to manually label each image. These labels are not only about the thickness and the extent of the snow layer but also describe the precipitation (rain or snow, presence of streaks), the optical range and the foreground noise. Both datasets contain night images (45%) and at least 15% of images corrupted by foreground noise (filth, droplets, and snowflakes on the lens). The labels of the AMOS subset allowed us to train ranking models for snow depth and visibility using a multi-task setting. The models are then calibrated on the smallest dataset. We tested several versions, built from pre-trained CNNs (ResNet152, DenseNet161, and VGG16). Results are promising with up to 85% accuracy for comparison tasks, but a 10% decrease can be observed when the test webcams have not been used during the training phase. A case study based on a widespread snow event over the French territory will be presented. We will show the potential of our method through a comparison with operational model forecasts.
Design and Construction Criteria of Twin Tunnel: Taking an Adverse Wind Condition Effects on Air Pollution Short Circuit at Tunnel Portals as a case

This paper aims to study the influence of the tunnel portal designs, wind conditions and ventilation rate on the amount of air pollution short circuit from one tunnel tube to the other. These effects are investigated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code used a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method to control air quality inside the tunnel and reduced as far as possible a short circuited (flow Recirculation) flow level. A validation of CFD code to experimental data in 1:100 scale model of the road traffic tunnel tested in wind-tunnel showed that the CFD gave satisfactory prediction of the air pollution short circuit in the vicinity of tunnel portal. The predicted concentration of the gas tracer (CO2) used as the safety criterion provide the useful information about a short circuit amount resulted for each structural variant of tunnel portals, such as a central dividing wall built as extensions from the end of road tunnel and offset tunnel portal entrance exit tested under different speed ratio of wind and ventilation. A detailed look at results is beyond the scope of analysis to determine optimal air pollution short circuit percentages. Finally, the perfect tunnel portals geometry can be suggested.
Optical microscopy with nanometer resolution for single molecule detection

Fluorescence microscopies with nanometer-distance resolution to locate the position and track individual single molecules were developed and applied. We focused on quantitatively study of the motion of lipid-anchor green fluorescent proteins with an oblique illumination mode of the microscope. A protein dynamics was analyzed using a photon statistics. In addition, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy and surface enhance Ranman spectroscopy (SERS) studies etc. were also introduced in this report .
Frequency response calibration technology of optical eye diagram analyzer based on femtosecond laser

This paper introduces the influence of the frequency response of the optical eye diagram analyzer on the test results, and the common methods of the frequency response calibration of the optical eye diagram analyzer. The principle of using femtosecond laser to calibrate the filter frequency response of the optical eye diagram analyzer is analyzed. The femtosecond laser is approximated to the impact function, and the impulse response of the filter can be obtained. The frequency response of the filter is calculated by Fourier transform. A scheme of calibrating filter frequency response of optical eye diagram analyzer with femtosecond laser is proposed. The pulse width and repetition frequency of femtosecond laser are tested. The influence of the stability of femtosecond laser repetition frequency on the test results is analyzed. At the same time, this paper introduces the test results of the frequency response of calibrating the optical eye diagram analyzer by the optical heterodyne method, and comparatively analyzes the optical heterodyne method and the femtosecond laser method. The experimental results show that it is feasible to calibrate the frequency response of the photoelectric module of Oscilloscope by femtosecond laser, and the repeatability of 3dB bandwidth is less than 6%.
The effect of CO2 on the solubility of H2O-Cl fluids in andesitic melt

The solubility of C-O-H-Cl-bearing fluids in andesitic melt was investigated experimentally at temperatures of 1050 and 1200 °C and pressure of 200 MPa. The CO 2 -free andesitic melts produced experimentally contained up to 5.5–6 wt. % H 2 O and up to 2.5 wt. % Cl at the investigated conditions. The complex non-linear relationship between the concentrations of H 2 O and Cl in the melt indicates a strong non-ideality of the H 2 O-salt-bearing fluid phase(s), presumably resulting in the formation of two immiscible fluids. The addition of CO 2 to the system (80–800 ppm dissolved CO 2 in the melt) has two effects: a simple dilution of the fluid at low bulk Cl concentration and a significant influence on the mixing properties of the H 2 O- and Cl-bearing fluids related to the enlargement of the immiscibility gap in the fluid at higher bulk Cl content. The first effect results in lower H 2 O (by ∼ 1 wt.%) and almost constant Cl concentrations in the melt, while the second effect causes an increase in activity coefficients of both H2O and Cl. This effect of CO 2 is expected to be most pronounced at low pressures and high CO 2 concentrations in Cl-bearing mafic melts due to an enlargement of the immiscibility gap in fluids with decreasing pressure and an increase in proportions of divalent cations.
Small Winegrowers’ Views on their Relationship with Local Communities

This study examines the views of small winery operators in the Canary Islands, Spain and Western Australia regarding their relationship with their local community in such dimensions as event participation, employment and education. Winery operators indicated being actively involved in their local community in different ways. However, some of these interactions can be the source of misunderstandings centring on the informal economies characteristic of rural communities. One key difference between the two regions is that while some Western Australian respondents perceived weak local support in purchasing their wines, Canary Islands respondents indicated selling most of their wines locally. The development and strengthening of relationships between wineries and their community has very important implications, including supporting initiatives to nurture and maintain the community's fabric, encourage further development in local areas, or use wine tourism as a tool to tap into commercial opportunities.
ArPanEmo: An Open-Source Dataset for Fine-Grained Emotion Recognition in Arabic Online Content during COVID-19 Pandemic

Emotion recognition is a crucial task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that enables machines to comprehend the feelings conveyed in the text. The applications of emotion recognition are diverse, including mental health diagnosis, student support, and the detection of online suspicious behavior. Despite the substantial amount of literature available on emotion recognition in various languages, Arabic emotion recognition has received relatively little attention, leading to a scarcity of emotion-annotated corpora. This paper presents the ArPanEmo dataset, a novel dataset for fine-grained emotion recognition of online posts in Arabic. The dataset comprises 11,128 online posts manually labeled for ten emotion categories or neutral, with Fleiss' kappa of 0.71. It targets a specific Arabic dialect and addresses topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first and largest of its kind. Python's packages were utilized to collect online posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic from three sources: Twitter, YouTube, and online newspaper comments between March 2020 and March 2022. Upon collection of the online posts, each one underwent a semi-automatic classification process using a lexicon of emotion-related terms to determine whether it belonged to the neutral or emotional category. Subsequently, manual labeling was conducted to further categorize the emotional data into fine-grained emotion categories.
Ensemble of illumination estimation methods using support vector regression

Illumination estimation is a fundamental prerequisite for many computer vision applications. In this paper, we combine some previous methods for more effective estimation. SVR was used for the ensemble of previous methods. Instead of using the standard RGB image dataset, we have used hyperspectral images as the dataset, because we can freely set varieties of illuminant colors with them and can get accurate ground truth values. To render the hyperspectral image, we prepare spectral distribution with 21 different color temperatures and generate illuminant spectrums using Planck blackbody radiation equation with color temperature ranging from 2,000 [K] to 12,000 [K] at 500 [K] intervals. The number of hyperspectral images used for the training is 16. Each hyperspectral image contains 33 reflection data per each pixel. Illumination estimation methods combined in this paper are 6 methods in total, five traditional illuminant estimation methods, and one deep learning-based approach. We have compared the conventional illumination estimation methods with the proposed methods, and have concluded that the proposed method can achieve higher prediction accuracy.
Performance improvement of flexible bulk heterojunction solar cells using PTB7:PC71BM by optimizing spin coating and drying processes

Bulk-heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using a dichlorobenzene solution of poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) on a flexible indium–tin-oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate substrate. It was found that the performance of the solar cells could be markedly improved by minimizing the spin coating time of a blend of PTB7 and PC71BM to 10 s and maximizing the successive drying and solidification time up to 30 min in a confined Petri dish. As a result, a short-circuit current density of 14.5 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.62 V, and a power conversion efficiency of 3.67% were obtained. These improvements are attributed to the growth of favorable nanostructures during the slow drying process that increased the photocarrier collection efficiency while simultaneously increasing the performance fluctuations of each device.