Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separate Effects of Foliar Applied Selenate and Zinc Oxide on the Accumulation of Macrominerals, Macronutrients and Bioactive Compounds in Two Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seed Varieties

Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are important cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. Foliar Se/Zn application is a highly efficient strategy of plant biofortification. However, its effects on the accumulation of macrominerals, macronutrients and bioactive compounds in the pea plant (Pisum sativum L.) have been poorly investigated. A two-year pot experiment was performed to study responses of two pea varieties (Ambassador, Premium) to foliar-applied sodium selenate (0/50/100 g Se/ha) and zinc oxide (0/375/750 g Zn/ha) at the flowering stage. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, soluble solids (SSC), protein, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and total condensed tannins (TCT) were determined in seeds. Mg concentration in Ambassador and chlorophyll a concentration in Premium were positively affected, in part, by selenate and zinc oxide, respectively. Selenate and zinc oxide increased, in part, protein concentration in Premium. Highest protein concentration was found in Premium treated with 375 g Zn/ha (27.6% DW) vs. the control (26.6% DW). Significant (all p < 0.001) positive correlations were found, among others, between concentrations of Zn and Mg (r2 = 0.735) and between Zn and protein (r2 = 0.437) for Ambassador, and between Mg and protein (r2 = 0.682), between Zn and Mg (r2 = 0.807), as well as between Zn and protein (r2 = 0.884) for Premium. TCT significantly (all p < 0.05) and positively correlated with SSC (r2 = 0.131), chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.128) and total chlorophyll (r2 = 0.109) for Ambassador. This study provides new nutritional data on Se/Zn biofortified peas, important for improving agronomic biofortification of pea plants.
Aberrant Expression of COX-2 and FOXG1 in Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Derived ASCs from Pre-Diabetic Donors

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease resulting in limited mobility and severe disability. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a weight-independent risk factor for OA, but a link between the two diseases has not been elucidated. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) isolated from the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) may be a viable regenerative cell for OA treatment. This study analyzed the expression profiles of inflammatory and adipokine-related genes in IPFP-ASCs of non-diabetic (Non-T2D), pre-diabetic (Pre-T2D), and T2D donors. Pre-T2D ASCs exhibited a substantial decrease in levels of mesenchymal markers CD90 and CD105 with no change in adipogenic differentiation compared to Non-T2D and T2D IPFP-ASCs. In addition, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion were significantly increased in Pre-T2D IPFP-ASCs upon stimulation by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Interestingly, M1 macrophages exhibited a significant reduction in expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNFα and IL-6 when co-cultured with Pre-T2D IPFP-ASCs. These data suggest that the heightened systemic inflammation associated with untreated T2D may prime the IPFP-ASCs to exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory characteristics via suppressing the IL-6/COX-2 signaling pathway. In addition, the elevated production of PGE2 by the Pre-T2D IPFP-ASCs may also suggest the contribution of pre-diabetic conditions to the onset and progression of OA.
How Much Storage Do We Need for High Performance Server

Processor, memory, and storage are the three most critical components of a High Performance Server(HPS). For a long time, given the processor and memory, how much storage capacity do we need? has been a problem that has deeply troubled the academic and enterprise communities. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence(AI), AI-based data-intensive tasks such as Deep Learning(DL), Re-inforcement Learning(RL), and High Performance Data Analy-sis(HPDA) have taken up the vast majority of processors, mem-ory, and storage overhead. The ability to support AI applications has become a key evaluation metric for the performance of HPS. Therefore, we propose an HPS storage design solution for typical AI applications. Furthermore, as AI models continue to grow more giant and the GPU Memory Wall problem becomes increasingly significant, using storage for offloading models and intermediate variables becomes the mainstream approach for training and inferring Extreme-Scale AI Models in the future. We need to consider the static overhead of models and datasets and the dynamic offloading requirements that may arise when AI tasks are run. We propose the Server Storage Computing Ratio (SSCR) model. The model uses DL training capabilities to characterize processor and memory performance. When config-ured for AI tasks, it can get the maximum server performance and the least amount of storage space. In other words, in the HPS mainly oriented to AI tasks, our model answers the question What is the minimum amount of Storage space that needs to be configured to maximize server performance for a given processor and memory?
A Delphi Study on the Management of Neuropathic Cancer Pain in Spain: The DOLNEO Study

Purpose The objectives of this project were to assess the current situation and management of cancer-related neuropathic pain (CRNP) in Spain and to provide specific recommendations for the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of CRNP using a Delphi methodology. Methods This was a qualitative study that followed a Delphi methodology using a questionnaire with 56 statements that were grouped into 5 areas related to CRNP: prevalence and impact, pathophysiology, assessment and diagnosis, specific syndromes, treatment, and multidisciplinary approach. Based on the responses, the scientific committee prepared an algorithm and a recommended pathway for the management of CRNP. Results Seventy-nine physicians attended the meeting and completed the questionnaire. Consensus was reached for all statements relating to the prevalence and impact of CRNP. However, the perceptions of specialists from palliative care of the frequency and impact of CRNP differed from those of other specialists. A high degree of consensus was reached for all statements concerning the assessment and diagnosis of CRNP. Regarding specific syndromes, the only statement with a lack of consensus was that on the frequency of NP in patients undergoing radiotherapy. There were some disagreements regarding the multidisciplinary approach and referral criteria for the management of NP. Conclusion Our results show a large degree of agreement on the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related neuropathic pain among the specialists involved in its management. There were, however, some disagreements regarding the multidisciplinary approach and referral criteria for the management of neuropathic pain.
Aortic valve replacement reduces mortality in moderate aortic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND With the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and an evolving understanding of the natural progression and history of aortic stenosis, the potential for earlier intervention in appropriate patients is promising; however, the benefit of aortic valve replacement in moderate aortic stenosis remains unclear. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up until 30th of December 2021 using keywords including moderate aortic stenosis and aortic valve replacement. Studies reporting all-cause mortality and outcomes in early aortic valve replacement (AVR) compared to conservative management in patients with moderate aortic stenosis were included. Hazard ratios were generated using random-effects meta-analysis to determine effect estimates. RESULTS 3470 publications were screened with title and abstract review, which left 169 articles for full-text review. Of these studies, 7 met inclusion criteria and were included, totalling 4,827 patients. All studies treated AVR as a time-dependent co-variable in cox-regression multivariate analysis of all-cause mortality. Intervention with surgical or transcatheter AVR was associated with a 45% decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.55 [0.42-0.68], I 2 = 51.5%, P < 0.001). All studies were representative of the overall cohort with appropriate sample sizes, with no evidence of publication, detection, or information biases in any of the studies. CONCLUSION In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we report a 45% reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with moderate aortic stenosis who were treated with early aortic valve replacement compared to a strategy of conservative management. Randomised control trials are awaited to determine the utility of AVR in moderate aortic stenosis.
Patterns of Brain Sparing in a Fetal Growth Restriction Cohort

Objective: Our objective was to compare differences in Doppler blood flow in four fetal intracranial blood vessels in fetuses with late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) vs. those with small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Fetuses with estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10th percentile were divided into SGA (n = 30) and FGR (n = 51) via Delphi criteria and had Doppler waveforms obtained from the middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and vertebral artery (VA). A pulsatility index (PI) <5th centile was considered “abnormal”. Outcomes included birth metrics and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Results: There were more abnormal cerebral vessel PIs in the FGR group versus the SGA group (36 vs. 4; p = 0.055). In FGR, ACA + MCA vessel abnormalities outnumbered PCA + VA abnormalities. All 8 fetuses with abnormal VA PIs had at least one other abnormal vessel. Fetuses with abnormal VA PIs had lower BW (1712 vs. 2500 g; p < 0.0001), delivered earlier (35.22 vs. 37.89 wks; p = 0.0052), and had more admissions to the NICU (71.43% vs. 24.44%; p = 0.023). Conclusions: There were more anterior vessels showing vasodilation than posterior vessels, but when the VA was abnormal, the fetuses were more severely affected clinically than those showing normal VA PIs.
Processing of hybrid shape memory alloy coupled with P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer composite for energy harvesting application

Small-scale energy harvesting to power self-powered electronic devices is tremendously increasing. In this context, the ability to combine thermal and mechanical energy harvesting using smart materials deserves more attention for further study. We have presented the feasibility of using P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer coupled with NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to harvest both mechanical and thermal energy in simple scalable devices. A novel hybrid composite consisting of SMA, and P(VDF-TrFE) has been developed without any complex composites or patterned structures, which couples the piezoelectric effect of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) and the shape memory effects of NiTi SMA. We have also fabricated a multi-layer SMA/PEN/P(VDF-TrFE) device using epoxy as an interface and bonding layer. During bending, the P(VDF-TrFE) device with an active area of 3.68 cm2 generated an output voltage of 8 V and an output power of 6.25 µW. When coupled with NiTi SMA to create a hybrid composite thermoelectric material, the device can convert the phase change associated with SMA, and thus thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy and finally into electrical energy. The SMA/P(VDF-TrFE) hybrid composite produced an output voltage of ∼2 V for one cyclic heating and cooling of the device. This is a promising approach for the further development of coupled hybrid energy harvester devices for the powering of small-scale electronic devices such as sensors, MEMS, or biomedical devices.
Silver nanoparticles synthesis using chitosan extract by a simple chemical method and application in antibacterial activity

Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared via simple chemical method at 200 oC for 2 hours using chitosan extract and sliver (iii) nitrate (Ag2NO3) salt. The chitosan extract acts as a reducing, stabling and anti-caking agent to transfer Ag2NO3 salt to Ag NPs in short period of time. Some physical properties of prepared Ag NPs are investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), optical absorption which used to characterize the structural, morphology, and optical properties of prepared samples. The crystallite size of Ag NPs that prepared using chitosan extract was ranged from (20.8 to 64.4 ) nm with a cube shape . UV-Vis absorption spectrum of prepared Ag NPs showed that the energy gap is 3.6 eV. FESEM images confirmed that particles size of prepared Ag NPs wan ranged from 52 nm to 91 nm with spherecal shape. Antibacterial activity of prepared Ag NPs was test against two type of bacteria, Gram-positive (Staphylococcus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coils).
BLACK HOLE MASS, JET POWER, AND ACCRETION IN AGNs

We study the relation between accretion, black hole mass, and jet power in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using a large group of blazars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and radio galaxies. Our main results are as follows. (1) The jet power of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and the FRII high-excitation galaxy (HEG) depends on the black hole mass, which suggests that the FSRQs and FRII HEG are in the radiation-pressure-dominated regime. The jet power of BL Lacs and the FRI low-excitation galaxy (LEG) depends on the accretion, which suggests that the BL Lacs and FRI LEG are in the gas-pressure-dominated regime. (2) We find that most of FSRQs and BL Lacs have P jet > L BZ max ? > , which suggests that the Blandford–Znajek mechanism is insufficient to explain the jet power of these objects. (3) The FSRQs are roughly separated from BL Lacs by Ledlow–Owenʼs dividing line in the log P jet − log M ? > plane, which supports the unified scheme of AGNs. (4) The FSRQs and BL Lacs have a clear division at L bol / L Edd ∼ 0.01 ? > , and the distribution of Eddington ratios of BL Lacs and FSRQs exhibits a bimodal nature, which implies that the accretion mode of FSRQs may be different from that of BL Lacs. (5) We find a significant correlation between broad-line luminosity and jet power, which supports a direct tight connection between jet power and accretion.
Temperate Regenerative Agriculture practices increase soil carbon but not crop yield—a meta-analysis

Regenerative Agriculture (RA) claims to build soil organic carbon (SOC) and increase crop yields through simultaneous adoption of a suite of management practices which restore soil health. However, this claim is largely unevidenced as few studies of fully integrated regenerative systems are currently available. As a first step to addressing this knowledge gap, we here examine three practices now being promoted as part of RA: reducing tillage intensity, cover cropping and including a grass-based phase in arable rotations (ley-arable rotations). Our Bayesian meta-analysis of 195 paired SOC and crop yield observations from a systematic review of published studies finds statistically significant increases in SOC concentration for reduced tillage intensity (0.06 g C · 100 g−1) and ley-arable rotations (0.05 g C · 100−1 g yr−1 of ley) compared to conventional practice over an average study duration of 15 years, but no effect of cover crops. None of these practices reduce yield during cropping years, although we find no evidence of a win–win between increasing SOC and enhanced agricultural productivity following adoption. Future work should also evaluate the net greenhouse gas emission implications of each practice and potential for synergistic effects if RA practices are adopted in combination. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the RA practices investigated here can be promoted by land managers and policy makers without crop yield losses.
A deep learning-based potential developed for calcium silicate hydrates with both high accuracy and efficiency

Machine learning potential is an emerging and powerful approach with which to address the challenges of achieving both accuracy and efficiency in molecular dynamics simulations. However, the development of machine learning potentials necessitates intricate construction of descriptors, particularly for complex material systems. Therefore, the Deep Potential method, which utilizes artificial neural networks to autonomously construct descriptors, are employed to develop a deep learning-based potential for calcium silicate hydrates (the basic building block of cement-based materials) in this study. The accuracy of this potential is validated through calculations of energetics, structural, and elastic properties, demonstrating alignment with first principle calculations and an efficiency 2–3 orders of magnitude higher. Additionally, the deep potential successfully reproduces precise predictions in C-S-H models with different calcium-to-silicon ratios, thereby confirming its remarkable transferability. This potential is expected to fulfill cross-scale computations and bottom-up design of cement-based materials with both high accuracy and efficiency.
Tempering Expectations on the Medical Artificial Intelligence Revolution: The Medical Trainee Viewpoint

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has resulted in an increased number of applications deployed in clinical trials. AI tools have been developed with goals of improving diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency through automation, and discovery of novel features in clinical data. There is subsequent concern on the role of AI in replacing existing tasks traditionally entrusted to physicians. This has implications for medical trainees who may make decisions based on the perception of how disruptive AI may be to their future career. This commentary discusses current barriers to AI adoption to moderate concerns of the role of AI in the clinical setting, particularly as a standalone tool that replaces physicians. Technical limitations of AI include generalizability of performance and deficits in existing infrastructure to accommodate data, both of which are less obvious in pilot studies, where high performance is achieved in a controlled data processing environment. Economic limitations include rigorous regulatory requirements to deploy medical devices safely, particularly if AI is to replace human decision-making. Ethical guidelines are also required in the event of dysfunction to identify responsibility of the developer of the tool, health care authority, and patient. The consequences are apparent when identifying the scope of existing AI tools, most of which aim to be physician assisting rather than a physician replacement. The combination of the limitations will delay the onset of ubiquitous AI tools that perform standalone clinical tasks. The role of the physician likely remains paramount to clinical decision-making in the near future.
Effect of surfactant and sonication time on improving the bio-accessibility of lycopene synthesized in poly-lactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles

release kinetics was determined by spectrophotometric, and bioaccessibility by dialysis method. The results have shown that sonication time had significant (p < 0.05) influenced on encapsulation efficiency, hydrodynamic diameter, and stability of nanoparticles. However, the sonication time strongly controls the stability (zeta potential value) and encapsulation efficiency (63.8% and 85.7%, respectively) of the lycopene nanoparticles where surfactant (-20.3%) and polymer (49.9%) concentration strongly (P<0.05) control the hydrodynamic diameter and conductivity of the nanoparticles. Sonication time of 5 minutes, surfactant concentration of 300 mg and polymer concentration of 300 mg observed to be the optimum condition for physicochemical properties suitable for better bioaccessibility of nanoparticles. During the 12 days, optimized nanoparticles released 53.89 ± 6.65 % of the total content which was fairly constant rate of 4.49 percent/day into the invitro phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH =7.4) system at 37 o C. Burst release was observed on the 13th day, where 41.7 ± 3.75 % of the total content was released within a single day. Optimized nanoparticles had a bioaccessibility of 90.87±3.99% which is 3-9 times greater compared to non-encapsulated lycopene ingested through the oral route. Furthermore, both control release kinetics (R=96%) and absorption (R=97.46%) profiles of the lycopene nanoparticles followed non-Fickian types of diffusion. This study will have significant impact on the manufacturing
Economic Analysis of the Controlled Drainage System: A Case Study of a Vegetable Farm in Ontario, Canada

Water availability for crop production in many parts of the world, including Eastern Canada, is important, including availability to the root zone of the crops. Water table management is suggested to overcome these issues, if adopted by producers. But such adoption decisions often depend on the financial returns to producers. In this study, financial returns of a controlled drainage system were estimated over a subsurface drainage system using a private accounting stance. The BMP provided an additional return to producer of CAD $10,287 per ha over the life of the project, associated with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.6, making it financially desirable on economic grounds.
Perspectives of 4-H Professionals: Practices to Engage Immigrant Youth in 4-H Teens as Teachers Programs

Immigrant youth in the United States face historical and systemic challenges in American schools. Out-of-school mentoring programs, such as the 4-H Teenagers as Teachers model, have a positive impact on diverse youth outcomes. This qualitative study presents practices associated with engaging immigrant youth as teachers in urban 4-H youth development programs. Purposeful sampling identified 11 4-H professionals from three regions: West, Midwest, and Northeast. Five professionals are immigrants, and six are of White European descent. Building on the essential elements of teenagers as teachers programs and immigrant mentoring research, 4-H professionals indicated that cultural competence, including empathy and commitment to immigrant teens, is essential. They regard English language acquisition, acculturation, and support of youth and family well-being as critical components of culturally relevant mentoring. Study findings translate into recommendations for positive immigrant youth-adult mentorships practices that youth development program educators are encouraged to operationalize based on local interests, needs, and resources.