Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of repeated releases on space-use patterns of Persian fallow deer

The space-use patterns of reintroduced animals are not well studied. We studied the space-use patterns of reintroduced Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) to assess how repeated releases from a single habituation enclosure and the presence of conspecifics influence the establishment of home range. We released 52 animals (33 were radiocollared). Movements of 27 radiocollared animals (5 M, 22 F) and 20 uncollared subadult males were studied by radiotracking and direct observation for ≤2 years from the time of reintroduction. Deer were released from the same habituation enclosure on 4 occasions over 20 months. During the first 3-6 months after release, deer usually occupied a limited range within 500 m from the enclosure. Later, animals moved to 1 of 3 areas 0.5-1.5 km from the enclosure, forming 3 subpopulations. The subpopulations consisted of animals from all releases and both sexes. Home ranges of animals from the first and second releases stabilized 8-10 months after release. Animals from the third release appeared to establish a stable home range almost immediately. Home-range size between September 1997 and April 1998 (7-8 mo) ranged from 86 to 365 ha, with home ranges of females not differing significantly from those of males. Later releases had little effect on the home-range stability of animals from previous releases. Our results suggest that over the short term, repeated releases from a single enclosure have no detrimental effects and actually may enhance the establishment of females from later releases. Movement patterns of released Persian fallow deer in this reintroduction indicate a slow, gradual movement away from the release site and establishment of a home range within a year.
How do different aspects of biodiversity change through time? A case study on an Australian bird community

The study of ecological communities through time can reveal fundamental ecological processes and is key to understanding how natural and human pressures will affect biodiversity. Most studies of ecological communities through time consider only one or a few summary measures (e.g. species richness, total abundance), which might neglect important aspects of community structure or function. We studied temporal variation in several measures of species diversity, size diversity, and species composition in an intensively sampled bird community to determine whether different biodiversity measures change synchronously. We used a novel function regression model, which supports the study of diversity measures that are distributions (e.g. species abundance distributions) alongside measures that are scalar values (e.g. species richness). Most diversity measures changed predictably within years, but inter-annual changes in size diversity and species composition were not reflected in species diversity. Within and among years, there was considerable variation in distributional measures that was not captured in scalar measures. Predictable variation within years probably was related to seasonal variation in weather patterns or food availability, but variation in size diversity among years probably resulted from stochastic changes in species composition. These results suggest that species and size diversity may be decoupled, and that inferences on scalar diversity measures might not reflect fundamental changes to community structure or function. Our method supports the inclusion of size-based measures and distributional measures in ecological analyses, and broader uptake of our approach is likely to provide new insight into the processes structuring ecological communities, and inform the links between structure and function in ecological communities.
The combined effects of miticides on the mating health of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens

The honey bee, Apis mellifera L. , plays a pivotal role in the US economy, contributing an estimated $17 billion annually, primarily through crop pollination. Despite their importance, the number of managed honey bee colonies available for pollination services has dropped dramatically during the last decade, threatening crop yields across the country. One of the main culprits of such declines is the varroa mite, Varroa destructor, a pest of honey bees that, when present in high numbers inside a hive, causes colonies to collapse and die. For almost 20 years, varroa mites have been controlled primarily with two in-hive miticides: the pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate (Apistan) and the organophosphate coumaphos (Checkmite+). Various studies have revealed that the exposure of honey bee colonies to sublethal levels of these chemicals can lead to colony-wide health problems. In this study, we looked at the combined effects of fluvalinate and coumaphos on the reproductive health of honey bee queens. We did so by raising queens in either miticide-free beeswax or beeswax containing known concentrations of both coumaphos and fluvalinate. Upon their emergence and successful mating, we took several standard measures of queen’s reproductive health. We found that queens reared in miticide-laden beeswax were not significantly smaller in size, but the spermatheca analysis showed significantly lower sperm counts and viability, and higher mating frequency, compared to queens reared in miticide-free beeswax. Our results indicate that exposure to miticides during development severely compromises queen’s reproductive health. Our findings also demonstrate the importance of the potentially detrimental combined effects of common in-hive miticides on colony health.
Knowledge of Physical Activity Guidelines and Its Association with Physical Activity and Physical Function in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Older Minnesota State Fair attendees age ≥55 years were recruited to determine if physical activity (PA) guideline knowledge was associated with self-reported PA behavior and physical function. Survey data and repeated chair stands scores were collected and analyzed using logistic regression models. Participants (n = 434) were college educated (75%), women (58%) with a mean age of 65 ± 7 years. Knowledge of PA guidelines was not related to higher PA levels or better physical function. Having adequate self-reported aerobic activity levels was associated with physical function (p = .02). Better physical function (p = .01), lower body mass index (p = .03) and good general health (p < .0001) were associated with meeting PA guidelines. Health promotion efforts should focus on providing opportunities and resources for older adults to actually engage in PA.
Partitioning of respiratory CO2 fluxes in a managed C3 turfgrass field

To evaluate the respiration and temperature dependence of each component of a managed C3 coolseason turfgrass (Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis) field and to elucidate the characteristics of the carbon budget, respiratory CO2 fluxes from leaves, non-assimilatory organs, and decomposition (soil heterotrophic respiration) were measured using a closed dynamic chamber method. Analysis of temperature dependence using the Arrhenius function was performed for partitioning of the components of ecosystem respiration. The activation energy for respiration was 40,200 J mol-1 for non-assimilatory organs, 41,600 J mol-1 for leaves, and 69,800 J mol-1 for heterotrophic respiration. Total ecosystem respiration at 25°C was 9.0 μmol m-2 s-1 in June 2006 and 8.2 μmol m-2 s-1 in August 2007. Leaf, non-assimilatory organ, and heterotrophic respiration at 25°C was 1.7 (19%), 4.8 (53%), and 2.5 (28%) μmol m-2 s-1, respectively, in June 2006, and 1.8 (22%), 4.1 (50%), and 2.3 (28%) μmol m-2 s-1, respectively, in August 2007. A large proportion of non-assimilatory organ respiration coincided with the non-assimilatory organ biomass. At the study site, soil respiration as the sum of non-assimilatory organ and heterotrophic respiration formed 78-81% of the total ecosystem respiration, and the proportion of autotrophic respiration (non-assimilatory organ respiration) to total soil respiration was 64-66%. The total ecosystem respiration and soil respiration were very large in comparison with the values reported for other ecosystems.
Habitat suitability and requirements for a threatened New Zealand amphibian

Habitat modification is one of the largest threats to global terrestrial biodiversity, yet management tools such as translocations often fail because of insufficient knowledge about species' habitat suitability and requirements in release areas. Resource selection is a useful technique that can address this issue. In 2014, we investigated resource selection of Hochstetter's frogs (Leiopelma hochstetteri) in mature (>30 year) exotic pine (Pinus radiata) plantations and regenerating native broadleaf forests in Torere Forest (Bay of Plenty, North Island), New Zealand, where harvesting of pines threatens this population. We then determined whether key habitats were present at the proposed target translocation site, Orokonui Ecosanctuary (Dunedin, South Island), New Zealand. In Torere Forest, we conducted daytime searches for frogs along streams and recorded microhabitats (e.g., cobbles) in used and random available plots. In Orokonui, we recorded microhabitats in randomly distributed plots because Hochstetters's frogs are presently absent. We used averaged mixed (binomial) models to identify important resources in pine plantations and native forests and to compare resource use between habitats. Finally, we predicted habitat use in Orokonui and Torere Forest to gain an indication of habitat suitability. Frogs predominantly selected cobble microhabitats in pine plantations and native forests but also partially decayed logs ≥15 cm in diameter within pine plantations. In contrast, high gravel cover and sand-silt were avoided by frogs. In response to limited cobble cover in pine plantations, frogs were more generalized in selecting resources (primarily logs) than in native forests. Habitat suitability was slightly lower in pine plantations compared to native forests, but mature pine plantations do provide suitable habitat for Hochstetter's frogs, at least in the short term prior to pine harvesting. Our study suggests that Orokonui provides suitable habitat for the proposed translocation of Hochstetter's frogs. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Do occupational stress and cigarette smoking abet each other: survey of a steel industry in Iran

Background â�� Occupational stress antagonizes human health directly as well as by instigating behavioral adversities like smoking; though it's relation with latter is yet unveiled. This study aimed at ascertaining the relation between occupational stresses and smoking status among workers of a steel industry in Iran. Material and Methods â�� This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 105 workers of steel industry in Iran. Standardized Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool (HSE-MS IT) along with subjects' demographic features were used to assess occupational stress; while smoking status was measured by standardized methods of Otten et al (1999). Results â�� Response rate was 86.7 as 91 completed questionnaires were received back. Mean age of smoking and non-smoking workers 39. 5Â±10.2 & 38. 4Â±5.5 respectively (data presented as mean with standard deviation - MÂ±SD), work experience of smokers and non-smokers 13Â±6.1 & 12. 9Â±5.9 years respectively, while 90.4 were married. Total occupational stress scored 2. 96Â±0.35; 13.5 staff were at high stress risk. Outcome scores were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers in stress dimensions including role, relationships, managers' support and peer support. Conclusion â�� Although smoking workers revealed better situation in role dimension, yet smoking employees depicted higher stress in relationships, managers' support and peer support dimensions. Inferences qualify for imperative measures to implicate smoking cessation programs, as well as regime to attenuate occupational stress at workplaces. Â© 2018, Fasih-Ramandi F. , Nadri F. , Atif K. , Boghsani G.T. , Nadri H. Â© 2018, Russian Open Medical Journal Â© 2019, LLC Science and Innovations, Saratov, Russia
Enchoteuthis melanae and Kansasteuthis lindneri, New Genera and Species of Teuthids, and a Sepiid from the Niobrara Formation of Kansas

Fossil coleoids from the Niobrara Formation of Kansas are rare, although several well preserved specimens have been found. Logan (1898) described a member of the Palaeololiginidae Tusoteuthis longa, and Miller (1957) described a Kaelenid, Niobrarateuthis bonneri. In the fall of 1967 Melanie Bonner, daughter of M. C. Bonner of Leoti, Kansas, discovered a new Palaeololiginid that is herein described as Enchoteuthis melanae. Johnson and Howell (1948) described Platylithophycus cretaceum as an alga, however Miller (1968) demonstrated the supposed alga to be a coleoid. In this paper additional evidence is presented to indicate that Platylithophycus is a Sepiid. A third specimen of a palaeololiginid has been discovered in the basal Smoky Hill Member and is described herein as Kansasteuthis lindneri.
Pharmacological targeting of the b-amyloid precursor protein intracellular

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain (AICD) is a product of APP processing withtranscriptionalmodulationactivity,whoseoverexpressioncausesvariousAlzheimer’sdisease(AD)-relateddysfunctions. Here we report that 1-(39,49-dichloro-2-fluoro[1,19-biphenyl]-4-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylicacid) (CHF5074), a compound that favorably affects neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and memorydeficit in transgenic mouse models of AD, interacts with the AICD and impairs its nuclear activity. Inneuroglioma-APPswecells,CHF5074shiftedAPPcleavagefromAb
Influence of Temperature Variations on Rate of Development in Insects: Analysis of Case Studies from Entomological Literature

Case studies on development-time data collected at constant and varying temperatures in a number of insects have been analyzed in a comparative manner to investigate the effects of temperature variations on rate of development. Sources of experimental errors are many and are not always adequately controlled. For statistical analysis, the more common problems include the assumption of a linear relationship between temperature and development rate over the whole temperature range and extrapolation or subjective vertical cutoff of the rate function in rate summation for varying temperatures. Development-time data of 26 species were selected for the analysis. For each species, the expected development time under each varying temperature regime was estimated by integrating constant temperature development rates over the 24-h varying temperature cycle. These estimates were then compared with the development times observed under the corresponding varying temperature regimes, and the significance of the differences was evaluated. The results as a whole suggest that the differences in development times between constant and varying temperatures could usually be accounted for by the effect of rate summation based on the curvilinear relationship between temperature and rate of development. The possible physiological mechanisms that act in addition to the rate-summation effect are briefly discussed. Finally, the need for more extensive and detailed investigations in this area of study is indicated.
Winter browsing by moose on two birch species: impact on food resources

The effect of simulated winter-browsing by moose on the birches Betula pendula and B. pubescens was studied during three years of repeated clipping. For the first species no effect of clipping was seen on shoot biomass produced, while the same treatment decreased shoot production of the latter. Shoot size increased as a response to clipping in both species. In general, the current annual long-shoots of clipped trees contained less minerals and ether-extractable compounds, but more fibre than unclipped ones. These responses were not solely due to the increased shoot size as we found similar changes in shoot parts of the same diameter. The effect of these changed attributes for palatability and food quality to moose is difficult to evaluate, but our earlier studies have shown that birches affected by moose browsing (natural or simulated) are more browsed than control birches.
Thidiazuron- and Zeatin-induced High-frequency Shoot Regeneration from Leaf and Shoot-tip Explants of Strawberry

Strawberry (Fragaria ·ananassa cv. Camarosa) was evaluated to determine a high-frequency shoot regeneration response for leaf and shoot-tip explants. For direct organogenesis from strawberry leaves, combinations of moderate concentrations of thidiazuron [TDZ (0, 2, and 4 mM)] and 6-benzylaminopurine [BAP (0, 4, and 9 mM)] added into medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts were compared. The most shoots regenerated per leaf explant were observed with 4-mM TDZ. Regeneration from shoot tips was evaluated with 0-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-mM zeatin, kinetin, or 6-a,a-dimethylallylamino purine (2ip) tested individually. Optimum shoot proliferation was achieved from shoot-tip explants on medium containing 4-mM zeatin. Rooting was best without cytokinins in the medium; however, adequate rooting was obtained on the 4-mM zeatin treatment as well.
Ocurrence and caracterization of bovine abortion caused by Brucella abortus infection in southern Brazil

La brucelosis causada por Brucella abortus es una enfermedad zoonotica contagiosa que causa abortos en las vacas, asi como alteraciones articulares y reproductivos en los toros. En 469 fetos bovinos abortados analizados en un periodo de nueve anos, nueve (1,92%) se debieron a B. abortus infeccion. El diagnostico se baso en los estudios de lesiones macroscopicas, histologicas, microbiologicas, serologicas, inmunohistoquimicas y hallazgos moleculares. La edad gestacional de los fetos oscilo de 6 a 9 meses. Los principales hallazgos macroscopicos se caracterizaron por una descarga de pus en la cavidad nasal, traquea y bronquios, y depositos de fibrina pleural y pericardico, ademas de los pulmones se han observado manchas blancas en el parenquima y las zonas rojas en los lobulos apicales. En la region intercotiledonaria de tres placentas examinadas, hubo areas enrojecidas intercaladas con zonas redondas de color amarillo-blanco bien definidos, con paredes engrosadas en la superficie de los cotiledones. Microscopicamente se observo bronconeumonia necrosupurativa, neumonia intersticial y placentitis necrosupurativa con areas de vasculitis, la mineralizacion, y la trombosis. Brucella abortus fue aislado de los tejidos fetales de siete de los nueve casos investigados. La prueba de inmunohistoquimica fue positiva en cuatro casos, y la PCR amplifica el material genetico de las bacterias en tres. La infeccion con B. abortus tiene que ser considerado como una posible causa de aborto en el ganado en el sur de Brasil
Exploring the relationship between trait evolution and the generation of species diversity

Macroevolutionary questions, such as “why do some lineages diversify faster than others? ”, are often studied by investigating key traits related to species ecology and lifehistory. Many traits have been hypothesized to affect rates of diversification and often it is these traits that are used to address another macroevolutionary question: “do traits evolve gradually over time or in punctuated bursts during speciation? ” Using phylogenetic data and species present-day trait information, I present a novel approach to assess the mode of character change while accounting for state-dependent speciation and extinction. The model, Binary-State Speciation and Extinction node enhanced state shift (BiSSE-ness), estimates both the rate of change occurring along lineages and the probability of change occurring during speciation, while simultaneously estimating the speciation and extinction rates for each character state. Using simulations, I found BiSSE-ness is able to distinguish along-lineage and speciational change and precisely estimate the parameters associated with character change and diversification rates. I applied BiSSE-ness to an empirical primate data set examining five traits related to ecology, behaviour, and reproduction. I provide evidence that changes in primate habitat type may be associated with speciation, whereas changes in social behaviour and mating system occur mainly along lineages. The BiSSE-ness model is flexible in that it may be used to address questions regarding species diversification, regardless of whether the trait changes in a manner that is proportional to time or to the number of speciation events. However, in cases where the trait is linked to the speciation process itself, such as niche-related traits, BiSSE-ness provides a suitable framework in which to simultaneously address questions regarding species diversification and character change.
Utilization of the multidimensional well-being assessment to understand well-being in individuals with chronic medical conditions/illnesses

This study examined multiple dimensions of well-being among adults with chronic medical conditions/illnesses utilizing the Multidimensional Well-Being Assessment (MWA). Specifically, the dimensions of well-being that were assessed included physical, emotional, and relational, as well as dimensions of well-being that have not previously been studied in individuals with chronic medical conditions/illnesses, such as collective and transformational well-being. A non-random sample of 268 participants with chronic medical conditions/illnesses completed multiple measures of well-being as part of a larger psychometric investigation of the MWA. Significant positive correlations were found between physical well-being and measures of subjective well-being assessing satisfaction with life, flourishing, and positive emotion. Significant negative correlations were found between the MWA dimensions and measures of distress and negative emotion. Furthermore, results of a series of MANOVAs found that multiple dimensions of well-being yielded statistically significant differences between groups on various demographic and background variables (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, relationship status, parental status, income, socioeconomic status, stress level, illness interference). This study’s findings also indicated that there are differences between adults with chronic medical conditions who rated religion as important and those who rated religion as not important on several dimensions of well-being. This study has implications for future research related to understanding well-being in individuals with chronic medical conditions/illnesses.
Effect of cysteamine on the modulation of sIgA cells and intraepithelium lymphocytes in chicken intestine

Broilers were immunized with Newcastle disease virus(NDV)attenuated vaccine by oral rout after feed by two doses of cysteamine 20 mg·kg -1 (CY? Ⅰ)and 80 mg·kg -1 (CY? Ⅱ),respectively.Then the immunoglobulin A secretory(sIgA)cells and intraepithelium lymphocytes(iIEL)in the intestine of animal and change of the number of sIgA cells and iIEL were detected.The results showed that the number of sIgA in duodenum increased significantly( P 0 01)at 4 weeks used cysteamine 20 mg·kg -1 after immunization.The number of iIEL in duodenum increased significantly( P 0 05)at 4 weeks used cysteamine both 20 mg·kg -1 and 80 mg·kg -1 . The number of iIEL in duodenum increased signiicantly( P 0 05)at 5 weeks used cysteamine 20 mg·kg -1 . However there was no significant change in the number of iIEL cells and sIgA in the caecum tonsil.The result suggested that SS could effect the differentiation and proliferation of sIgA cells and iIEL in the intestine mucosa.It demonstrated that cysteamine may serve as a potentiator to enhance chicken mucosal immunity.