Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Definitions of SIRS and sepsis in correlation with early and late onset neonatal sepsis

Abstract Objective: To examine the applicability of the 2002 International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference definitions of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis to term and preterm newborns in the diagnosis of early (EOS) and late onset sepsis (LOS). Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 1) all newborns with hospitalization within the first 72 hours of life and 2) infants with episodes of suspected LOS at a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit between 2004 and 2008, and correlating the definitions of SIRS and sepsis with culture proven and clinical EOS and LOS. Results: Association with EOS: Among term newborns SIRS and sepsis definitions applied to 62 and 39/245 newborns (25% and 16%, respectively) and to 5/13 cases of culture proven EOS (38%) and 34/66 cases of clinical EOS (52%), respectively. Among preterm newborns SIRS and sepsis definitions applied to 202 and 124/505 newborns (40% and 25%, respectively) and to 17/24 cases of culture proven EOS (71%) and 107/160 cases of clinical EOS (67%), respectively. Sensitivity of SIRS and sepsis definitions was higher in preterm compared to term newborns in case of culture proven and clinical EOS (p=.047 and p=0.03, respectively). Association with LOS: SIRS and sepsis definitions applied to 5/5 episodes of culture proven LOS (100%) and to 4/9 episodes of clinical LOS (44%) in newborns who were term at onset of sepsis (corrected gestational age) and to 14/19 episodes of culture proven LOS (74%) and 24/28 episodes of clinical LOS (86%) in preterm newborns. Conclusion: The definitions of SIRS and sepsis correlated well with LOS but poorly with EOS, where nearly two thirds of term and one quarter of preterm newborns would have been missed. Postnatal age rather than gestational age had a positive influence on the correlation.
The effect of an 8-week low carbohydrate high fat diet on maximal strength performance, body composition and diet acceptability in sub-elite Olympic weightlifters and powerlifters

35 Introduction: 36 Methods 38 Participants 38 Testing procedure 39 Diet tracking 40 Anthropometry assessment 41 Strength assessment 42 Ultrasound imaging 44 Data Analysis: 45 Results 45 Diet Analysis 45 Anthropometry: 48 Strength performance: 49 Ultrasound 50 Discussion 52 Conclusion and Practical Application 56
Inherited Thrombophilia and the Risk of Vascular Events

The definition of thrombophilia includes the impact of hereditary base in the tendency to develop thrombosis and its clinical manifestations. Prothrombotic phenotype results from the interaction of inherited disorders of coagulation and various "clinical" risk factors such as obesity, immobility, major and minor surgery, hormone therapy, malignancy, etc. According to the accepted multicausal model, inherited thrombophilia is a manifestation of mutual influence of gene-gene and gene-environmental factors. Inherited thrombophilia traits include a wide range of disorders. Deficits of some coagulation inhibitors are relatively rare, and their clinical significance is previously known. On the other hand, in genes which control the coagulation cascade, there are many variants that are widespread in the population. The practical significance of these variants, known as genetic polymorphisms, is different, and the subject of numerous epidemiological-genetic, clinical and health economic studies (Novakovic et al, 2010; Krcunovic et al., 2010; Pavlovic et al., 2011). In summary, the most common congenital disorders associated with thrombophilia are: a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C and protein S, variants of factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210, and mild hyperhomocysteinemia (Table 1). Individually or in combination, these traits are present in about 40% of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), and in approximately the same percentage of women with disorders of pregnancy and puerperium, such as fetal loss, fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia (De Stefano et al, 2002).
Large and moderate deviations for a -valued branching random walk with a random environment in time

ABSTRACT We consider a -valued discrete time branching random walk with a stationary and ergodic environment in time. Let be the counting measure of particles of generation n. With the help of the uniform convergence of martingales and multifractal analysis, we show a large deviation result associated to the measures as well as the corresponding moderate deviations.
A review of graph-based methods for image analysis in digital histopathology

Digital image analysis of histological datasets is a currently expanding field of research. With different stains, magnifications and types of tissues, histological images are inherently complex in nature and contain a wide variety of visual information. Several image analysis techniques are being explored in this direction. However, graph-based methods are gaining most popularity, as these methods can describe tissue architecture and provide adequate numeric information for subsequent computer-based analysis. Graphs have the ability to represent spatial arrangements and neighborhood relationships of different tissue components, which are essential characteristics observed visually by pathologists during investigation of specimens. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the graph-based methods explored so far in digital histopathology . We also discuss the current limitations and suggest future directions in graph-based tissue image analysis.
Gas in Protoplanetary Discs (GASPS) 1. First results

Context - Circumstellar discs are ubiquitous around young stars, but rapidly dissipate their gas and dust on timescales of a few Myr. The Herschel space observatory allows for the study of the warm disc atmosphere, using far-infrared spectroscopy to measure gas content and excitation conditions, and far-IR photometry to constrain the dust distribution. Aims - We aim to detect and characterize the gas content of circumstellar discs in four targets as part of the Herschel science demonstration phase. Methods - We carried out sensitive medium resolution spectroscopy and high sensitivity photometry at lambda ~60-190 micron using the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer instrument on the Herschel space observatory. Results - We detect [OI] 63 micron emission from the young stars HD 169142, TW Hydrae, and RECX 15, but not HD 181327. No other lines, including [CII] 158 and [OI] 145, are significantly detected. All four stars are detected in photometry at 70 and 160 micron. Extensive models are presented in associated papers.
Witness emittance growth caused by driver density fluctuations in plasma wakefield accelerators

We discovered a novel effect that can cause witness emittance growth in plasma wakefield accelerators. The effect appears in linear or moderately nonlinear plasma waves. The witness experiences a time-varying focusing force and loses quality during the time required for the drive beam to reach transverse equilibrium with the plasma wave. The higher the witness charge, the lower the emittance growth rate because of additional focusing of the witness by its own wakefield. However, the witness head always degrades, and the boundary between degraded and intact parts gradually propagates backward along the witness bunch.
A Novel Rate and Channel Control Scheme Based on Data Extraction Rate for LoRa Networks

Long Range (LoRa) has become one of the most popular Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technologies, which provides a desirable trade-off among communication range, battery life, and deployment cost. In LoRa networks, several transmission parameters can be allocated to ensure efficient and reliable communication. For example, the configuration of the spreading factor allows tuning the data rate and the transmission distance. However, how to dynamically adjust the setting that minimizes the collision probability while meeting the required communication performance is an open challenge. This paper proposes a novel Data Rate and Channel Control (DRCC) scheme for LoRa networks so as to improve wireless resource utilization and support a massive number of LoRa nodes. The scheme estimates channel conditions based on the short-term Data Extraction Rate (DER), and opportunistically adjusts the spreading factor to adapt the variation of channel conditions. Furthermore, the channel control is carried out to balance the link load of all available channels with the global information of the channel usage, which is able to lower the access collisions under dense deployments. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed DRCC performs well on improving the reliability and capacity compared with other spreading factor allocation schemes in dense deployment scenarios.
Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N

We characterize the planetary system Kepler-101 by performing a combined differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of Kepler data and forty radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph. This system was previously validated and is composed of a hot super-Neptune, Kepler-101b, and an Earth-sized planet, Kepler-101c. These two planets orbit the slightly evolved and metal-rich G-type star in 3.49 and 6.03 days, respectively. With mass Mp = 51.1-4.7+ 5.1 M⊕, radius Rp = 5.77-0.79+ 0.85 R⊕, and density ρp = 1.45-0.48+ 0.83 g cm-3, Kepler-101b is the first fully characterized super-Neptune, and its density suggests that heavy elements make up a significant fraction of its interior; more than 60% of its total mass. Kepler-101c has a radius of 1.25-0.17+ 0.19 R⊕, which implies the absence of any H/He envelope, but its mass could not be determined because of the relative faintness of the parent star for highly precise radial-velocity measurements (Kp = 13.8) and the limited number of radial velocities. The 1σ upper limit, Mp< 3.8 M⊕, excludes a pure iron composition with a probability of 68.3%. The architecture of the planetary system Kepler-101 − containing a close-in giant planet and an outer Earth-sized planet with a period ratio slightly larger than the 3:2 resonance − is certainly of interest for scenarios of planet formation and evolution. This system does not follow thepreviously reported trend that the larger planet has the longer period in the majority of Kepler systems of planet pairs with at least one Neptune-sized or larger planet.
Minimax quantum tomography : the ultimate bounds on accuracy

A minimax estimator has the minimum possible error (“risk”) in the worst case. We construct the first minimax estimators for quantum state tomography with relative entropy risk. The minimax risk of non-adaptive tomography scales as O(1/ √ N), in contrast to that of classical probability estimation which is O(1/N). We trace this deficiency to sampling mismatch: future observations that determine risk may come from a different sample space than the past data that determine the estimate. This makes minimax estimators very biased, and we propose a computationally tractable alternative with similar behavior in the worst case, but superior accuracy on most states.
A Lower Bound on Arbitrary $f$--Divergences in Terms of the Total Variation

An important tool to quantify the likeness of two probability measures are f-divergences, which have seen widespread application in statistics and information theory. An example is the total variation, which plays an exceptional role among the f-divergences. It is shown that every f-divergence is bounded from below by a monotonous function of the total variation. Under appropriate regularity conditions, this function is shown to be monotonous. Remark: The proof of the main proposition is relatively easy, whence it is highly likely that the result is known. The author would be very grateful for any information regarding references or related work.
American Options Pricing under Stochastic Volatility: Approximation of the Early Exercise Surface and Monte Carlo Simulations

The aim of this study was to develop methods for evaluating the American-style option prices when the volatility of the underlying asset is described by a stochastic process. As part of this problem were developed techniques for modeling the early exercise surface of the American option. These methods of present work are compared to the complexity of modeling and computation speed. The paper presents the semi-analytic expression for the price of American options with stochastic volatility. The results of numerical computations and their calibration are also presented. The obtained results were compared with results excluding the effect of volatility smile.
Bayesian Semi-parametric Realized-CARE Models for Tail Risk Forecasting Incorporating Realized Measures

A new model framework called Realized Conditional Autoregressive Expectile (Realized-CARE) is proposed, through incorporating a measurement equation into the conventional CARE model, in a manner analogous to the Realized-GARCH model. Competing realized measures (e.g. Realized Variance and Realized Range) are employed as the dependent variable in the measurement equation and to drive expectile dynamics. The measurement equation here models the contemporaneous dependence between the realized measure and the latent conditional expectile. We also propose employing the quantile loss function as the target criterion, instead of the conventional violation rate, during the expectile level grid search. For the proposed model, the usual search procedure and asymmetric least squares (ALS) optimization to estimate the expectile level and CARE parameters proves challenging and often fails to convergence. We incorporate a fast random walk Metropolis stochastic search method, combined with a more targeted grid search procedure, to allow reasonably fast and improved accuracy in estimation of this level and the associated model parameters. Given the convergence issue, Bayesian adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are proposed for estimation, whilst their properties are assessed and compared with ALS via a simulation study. In a real forecasting study applied to 7 market indices and 2 individual asset returns, compared to the original CARE, the parametric GARCH and Realized-GARCH models, one-day-ahead Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall forecasting results favor the proposed Realized-CARE model, especially when incorporating the Realized Range and the sub-sampled Realized Range as the realized measure in the model.
C*-equivalences of graphs

Several relations on graphs, including primitive equivalence, explosion equivalence and strong shift equivalence, are examined and shown to preserve either the graph groupoid, a construction of Kumjian, Pask, Raeburn, and Renault, or the groupoid of a pointed version of the graph. Thus these relations preserve either the isomorphism class or the Morita equivalence class of the graph C ∗ -algebra, as deﬁned by Kumjian, Pask, and Raeburn.
On Orthogonalities in Matrices

Abstract: In this paper we have discussed different possible orthogonalities in matrices, namely orthogonal, quasi-orthogonal, semi-orthogonal and non-orthogonal matrices including completely positive matrices, while giving some of their constructions besides studying some of their properties. 1. Introduction There are various types of matrices in the literature having distinct properties useful for numerous applications, both practical and theoretical. The well-known matrix with orthogonal property is Hadamard Matrix, which was defined by Sylvester in 1867 [15] and was studied further by Hadamard in 1893 [7]. The Hadamard matrix H is the given square matrix satisfying HH′ = nI n , which has all the entries in the first row and the first column +1’s and the rest of the elements are either +1’s or -1’s. The inner product of any two rows (columns) is 0. This is called as the orthogonal property. Hadmard conjectured that the Hadamard matrix exists if and only if n 0(mod4). Despite the efforts of several mathematicians, this conjecture remains unproved even though it is widely believed that it is true. This condition is necessary and the sufficiency part is still an open problem. These Hadamard matrices were systematically studied by Paley in 1933 [13]. There are some other orthogonal matrices like Slant, and Haar matrices, Discrete Fourier Transform, (DFT), Discrete Cosine transform (DCT), Jacket matrix and so on and for details refer to Moon Ho Lee and Hou Jia [12]. Then if the inner product is not zero then what are the other possibilities is a question for further exploration. Primarily there are four types of matrices namely i) orthogonal matrix, ii) quasi-orthogonal matrix, (two types), iii) semi-orthogonal matrix (two types), and iv) non-orthogonal matrix. In this paper we give some of the methods of constructions and study some of the properties of these four types of matrices. ≡ The first type is the orthogonal matrix, which has the well-known example the Hadamard matrix. But in a given Hadamard matrix, if the elements of the principal diagonal are made zero then it ceases to be orthogonal i.e., some columns have orthogonal property and some other columns are not. Besides that it transcends into a trinary instead of a binary matrix. And these types of conference matrices are first studied by Belevitch [2], which are being used in conference telephony systems. He studied both the conference systems in relation with Hadamard system of matrices. These Hadamard matrices have received much attention in the recent past, owing to their well known and promising applications. ------------------------------------
Developing and delivering local level partnership schemes with the alcohol trade

Abstract This analysis of local partnership projects involving the alcohol trade draws on the work of Michel Foucault to consider the extent to which these projects “responsibilise” the alcohol trade and contribute to a reduction of problems in the night time economy. The key aims of the research were: (1) to identify the multiple realities of the research subjects from their own perspectives, about what works in local alcohol-related partnership schemes, and (2) to identify the key drivers of change and understand the forces that influenced views of success or failure of local public sector/alcohol trade partnership schemes. Interviews (n = 28) were carried out in London boroughs (n = 8), over a two-year period between 2009 and 2011. Partners included police, licensing teams, local authority staff, pub, club and bar managers and a central government official. Post hoc “theories of change” diagrams illustrate the way interviewees thought their projects worked and made links between activities, assumptions and outcomes. In schemes thought of as successful there was a clear understanding of what interviewees thought made them work. The essential common factor was “engagement”. Partnership activities provided a vehicle through which partners could build trusting relationships. Efforts to promote engagement incorporated enforcement actions, positive publicity and generating a sense of competition. The priority of the trade to maximise profits was found to over-ride the impact of some projects.
Graph-Based Contextual Representation Learning Module Word Representation Graph Convolutional Network Input Representation Node Representation Graph Attention Output Evidence < sep > Graph-Based Inference Module

Commonsense question answering aims to answer questions which require background knowledge that is not explicitly expressed in the question. The key challenge is how to obtain evidence from external knowledge and make predictions based on the evidence. Recent works either learn to generate evidence from human-annotated evidence which is expensive to collect, or extract evidence from either structured or unstructured knowledge bases which fails to take advantages of both sources. In this work, we propose to automatically extract evidence from heterogeneous knowledge sources, and answer questions based on the extracted evidence. Specifically, we extract evidence from both structured knowledge base (i.e. ConceptNet) and Wikipedia plain texts. We construct graphs for both sources to obtain the relational structures of evidence. Based on these graphs, we propose a graphbased approach consisting of a graph-based contextual word representation learning module and a graph-based inference module. The first module utilizes graph structural information to re-define the distance between words for learning better contextual word representations. The second module adopts graph convolutional network to encode neighbor information into the representations of nodes, and aggregates evidence with graph attention mechanism for predicting the final answer. Experimental results on CommonsenseQA dataset illustrate that our graph-based approach over both knowledge sources brings improvement over strong baselines. Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy (75.3%) on the CommonsenseQA leaderboard.
The effect of fixed-time artificial insemination protocol initiated at different stages of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts

Hormonal products have been developed for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) to improve the efficiency of swine production. Here, we evaluated the effect of an FTAI protocol initiated during different phases of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts. A total of 36 gilts were equally divided into three groups designated as the luteal (L), follicular (F), and post-ovulation (O) groups and fed with 20 mg of altrenogest for 18 days, followed by intramuscular injection of 1000 IU PMSG at 42 h after withdrawal of altrenogest, and 100 μg of GnRH after an 80-h interval. The L group had the highest number of follicles 4–6 mm in diameter, as well as corpora hemorrhagica. The mRNA expression of caspase-9 in the L group were significantly lower than those in the O and F groups (P < 0.05), while CYP11A1 and VEGF mRNA expression levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Moreover, FSHR mRNA levels were significantly higher in the O group than in the L, F, and control groups (P < 0.05). LHCGR and CYP19A1 mRNA levels were the highest in the F group (P < 0.05). Thus, the changes in the expression of genes associated with follicular development, maturation, and ovulation identified in this study indicated that initiation of the FTAI protocol during the luteal phase induced a better environment for follicle development and ovulation in gilts.
Low Pulvinar Intensity in Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging May Suggest Cognitive Worsening After Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Purpose: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, deteriorating cognitive function after DBS is a considerable problem for affected patients. This study was undertaken to assess whether pulvinar findings in susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) can suggest cognitive worsening. Methods: We examined 21 patients with PD who underwent DBS along with SWI and neuromelanin-sensitive MR imaging (NMI). We further assessed pulvinar hypointensity based on the SWI findings and also the area of the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta in NMI. We then examined associations among cognitive changes, pulvinar hypointensity, and SN area. The cognitive function of the patient immediately before surgery was compared with function at 1 year postoperatively. Results: Pulvinar hypointensity in SWI was found in 11 of 21 patients with PD at baseline. One year postoperatively, six of the 21 patients demonstrated a Mini-Mental State Examination score that was ≥3 points lower than the baseline score. We observed pulvinar hypointensity in SWI before DBS surgery in five of these six patients (p = 0.072). During the first postoperative year, six of 21 patients reported both transient or permanent hallucinations; we observed pulvinar hypointensity in these six patients, while 10 patients without pulvinar hypointensity had no hallucinations. Conclusion: Pulvinar hypointensity in SWI in patients with PD may provide information that is useful for suggesting cognitive deterioration after DBS treatment.