Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Well-being concepts and components

: Well-being is a broad, multifaceted construct. This chapter reviews different ways of defining and measuring well-being and the implications this has for understanding the correlates and causes of well-being. Hedonic well-being (HWB), eudaimonic well-being (EWB), and other conceptions of well-being are discussed. Specific components and aspects of HWB are elaborated on. These include the distinction between affective and cognitive well-being. Major aspects of affective well-being include valence, frequency versus intensity, arousal, and interpersonal engagement. Major aspects of cognitive well-being include life satisfaction, life evaluation, and domain satisfaction. Processes underlying the structure of cognitive well-being are discussed including top-down versus bottom-up models, and the tendency to use heuristics versus stable sources of information to evaluate one’s life. Trait versus state conceptions of well-being are introduced. Different well-being assessment methods (online, recall, global) can be located on a state-trait continuum. The distinction between state and trait measures of well-being has implications for understanding the structure of affect, the relation between well-being and health, and cultural variation in well-being. Future research is needed to clarify the distinct correlates of affective versus cognitive well-being, as well as how positive and negative emotions are operationalized. In addition, a better understanding of the components of EWB and how they are related to HWB and affective dimensions beyond valence will shed light on the validity of the EWB construct. Finally, greater sensitivity to the state-trait distinction will deepen our knowledge of the processes that shape both HWB and EWB.
ICDAR 2007 - Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition

This paper describes the Arabic handwriting recognition competition held at ICDAR 2007. This second competition (the first was at ICDAR 2005) again uses the IFN/ENITdatabase with Arabic handwritten Tunisian town names. Today, more than 54 research groups from universities, research centers, and industry are working with this database worldwide. This year, 8 groups with 14 systems are participating in the competition. The systems were tested on known data and on two datasets which are unknown to the participants. The systems are compared on the most important characteristic, the recognition rate. Additionally, the relative speed of the different systems were compared. A short description of the participating groups, their systems, and the results achieved are finally presented.
Study on transaction committing protocol oriented grid environment

A transaction committing protocol oriented grid environment which is referred to as early no prepare protocol(ENP) is proposed.This protocol cancel the vote phase of 2PC so that the participant doesn't need to send committing message to coordinator and can decide to commit by itself.That is to say,participant doesn't need to wait for the COOMIT command issued by coordinator.If the participant's operation failed,it terminates by itself after sending the aborting message to coordinator and doesn't need to wait for the ABORT command issued by coordinator.The correctness and performance analysis and experimental results show that this protocol can relaxes the demand of transaction's atomicity,reduce the message complexity and the log complexity of committing protocol,guarantees the consistency of transaction's state in grid environment and meet the need of participant's autonomy and resource autonomy.
Occurrence of polyploidy in the weevil Odoiporous longicollis Olivier (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)

The chromosomes of female individuals of banana weevil, Odoiporus longicollis Olivier were investigated and polyploid chromosome counts were observed in the female specimens. Tetraploid and hexaploid parthenogenetic races (4x=52 and 6x=78) were observed for the first time in Jammu Region. The species has a diploid bisexual race as well having 2n=26 chromosomes. Since the coexistence of diploid and polyploid members within the same population is a rather rare event in the different species of curculionids, the mechanism of origin of polylpoid individuals is discussed.
Artificial intelligence approaches to predict coronary stenosis severity using non-invasive fractional flow reserve

Fractional flow reserve is the current reference standard in the assessment of the functional impact of a stenosis in coronary heart disease. In this study, three models of artificial intelligence of varying degrees of complexity were compared to fractional flow reserve measurements. The three models are the multivariate polynomial regression, which is a statistical method used primarily for correlation; the feed-forward neural network; and the long short-term memory, which is a type of recurrent neural network that is suited to modelling sequences. The models were initially trained using a virtual patient database that was generated from a validated one-dimensional physics-based model. The feed-forward neural network performed the best for all test cases considered, which were a single vessel case from a virtual patient database, a multi-vessel network from a virtual patient database, and 25 clinically invasive fractional flow reserve measurements from real patients. The feed-forward neural network model achieved around 99% diagnostic accuracy in both tests involving virtual patients, and a respectable 72% diagnostic accuracy when compared to the invasive fractional flow reserve measurements. The multivariate polynomial regression model performed well in the single vessel case, but struggled on network cases as the variation of input features was much larger. The long short-term memory performed well for the single vessel cases, but tended to have a bias towards a positive fractional flow reserve prediction for the virtual multi-vessel case, and for the patient cases. Overall, the feed-forward neural network shows promise in successfully predicting fractional flow reserve in real patients, and could be a viable option if trained using a large enough data set of real patients.
Characterization of inflammatory profile by breath analysis in chronic coronary syndromes.

AIMS Exhaled breath contains thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during various metabolic processes both in health and disease.Analysis of breath with electronic nose BIONOTE-V allows modifications of exhaled VOCs to be studied, which are clinically recognized to be a marker for several disorders, including heart failure. New noninvasive tests based on VOCs analysis might be a useful tool for early detection of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). METHODS Exhaled air was collected and measured in individuals with an indication to perform invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All patients' samples were obtained before ICA. RESULTS Analysis with BIONOTE-V was performed in a total cohort of 42 patients consecutively enrolled, of whom 19 did not require myocardial revascularization and 23 with indication for myocardial revascularization. BIONOTE-V was able to correctly identify 18 out of 23 patients affected by severe coronary artery disease (sensitivity = 78.3% and specificity = 68.4%). Our predicted model had a tight correlation with SYNTAX score (error of the BIONOTE-V = 15). CONCLUSION CCS patients have a distinctive fingerprint of exhaled breath, and analysis by BIONOTE-V has the potential for identifying these patients. Moreover, it seems that this technique can correctly identify patients according to anatomical disease severity at ICA. If the preliminary data of this proof of concept study will be confirmed, this rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tool able to identify CCS might have an impact in routine clinical practice.
Induction of spermiation in common carp after enhanced intestinal uptake of sGnRH-A and Pimozide.

The inherent ability of the carp Cyprinus carpio gut to absorb intact salmon gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRH-a)+Pimozide (Pim), without loss of their bioactivity is very limited. Artificial intestinal absorption enhancement boosted sGnRH-a and Pim induced GtH II release and milt production significantly. The intraperitoneal route of administration was more effective than the oral one. A potential application of the oral route for peptidergic drug delivery and the possibility of developing a dietary delivery system is discussed.
Magnetic nanoadsorbents with amino-functionalized polymers for magnetic separation removal of copper ion

ABSTRACT The adsorption of copper ions on magnetic adsorbents with amino-functionalized polymers (DETA/SiO2/Fe3O4) has been investigated. In addition, the structure and characterization of magnetic nano-adsorbents were confirmed using FTIR, TGA, TEM, VSM, and BET. The results showed that DETA/SiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited a paramagnetic behaviour and could be easily recovered and quickly separated from a suspension solution. The optimum pH level for adsorption of copper ions was proposed to be in the range of pH level from 5 to 6, and the maximum adsorption capacity (qm ) and activated energy (Ea ) at 298 K was 13.459 mg g−1 and 22.421 kJ mol−1, respectively. The copper ions adsorption behaviour by DETA/SiO2/Fe3O4 was in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm rather than Freundlich equation. A pseudo-second-order model could best describe the adsorption kinetics, and the optimal condition of copper ions desorption (99%) from DETA/SiO2/Fe3O4 was provided by 1.0 M HNO3. The novel magnetic nano-adsorbents could not only be regenerated by HNO3 solutions but also reused by the recovery of magnetic force without requiring further downstream treatment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Homocysteic Acid in Blood Can Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Preliminary Study

Background: In the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is thought to be most effective to intervene at the earliest and mildest stages. For diagnosis at the earliest and mildest stages, it is desirable to use a biomarker that can be detected by a minimally invasive, cost-effective technique. Recent research indicates the potential clinical usefulness of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) biomarkers in predicting brain Aβ burden at an individual level. However, it is as yet unproven that accumulation of Aβ necessarily leads to the development of AD. Objective: Homocysteic acid (HCA) is useful as an early diagnostic marker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a pre-stage of AD. Methods: We measured the concentration of HCA, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cortisol, tau, and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in patients’ plasma of 22 AD, 23 MCI, and 9 negative control (NC) cases. Results: Plasma HCA was shown to be very high in areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), distinguished between MCI and NC; when 0. 116μM was chosen as the analyte concentration cut-off, the sensitivity was 95.7% and the specificity was 70%. Conclusion: Our results suggest that plasma HCA may be a useful indicator as an early diagnostic marker for MCI. HCA seems to be upstream from neurodegeneration in the AD pathology because it is known that an overactive NMDA receptor promotes amyloid polymerization and tau phosphorylation in AD.
Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton

This paper considers the structure of freshwater phytoplankton assemblages and promotes a scheme of vegetation recognition', based upon the functional associations of species represented in the plankton. These groups are often polyphyletic, recognizing commonly shared adaptive features, rather than common phylogeny, to be the key ecological driver. Thirty-one such associations are outlined and the basic pattern of their distinctive ecologies is outlined. An invitation to other plankton scientists to assist in the development of this scheme is issued.
Tell me your age and I tell you what you trust: the moderating effect of generations

Purpose The proliferation of social commerce websites has allowed consumers to share and exchange information, experiences, advice and opinions. Recently, information provided by users has been considered more trustworthy than the information shared by companies. However, the way in which users interact with technology can vary with age, and generational cohorts show different shopping behaviors, interests and attitudes. Hence, the way users process information (user-generated vs company-generated) can affect trust differently. Drawing on the trust transfer theory and the generational cohort theory, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects on user- and company-generated information in boosting trust of three different cohorts (Generation X, Y and Z). Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through an online survey. The sample comprised 715 users of social commerce websites, aged between 16 and 55 years old. The study was analyzed using partial least squares with the statistical software Smart PLS 3. Findings The empirical results show that generational cohorts show different patterns. Generation X transfers trust to social commerce websites mainly from trust in information generated by companies, while Generation Z transfers trust mainly from information generated by users. Finally, Generation Y, in contrast to previous findings about millennials, develops trust based on company-generated information to an even greater extent than does Generation X. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in its analysis of generational differences when it comes to trusting one type of information over another. This study contributes to the idea that users cannot be considered as a whole but must be segmented into generational cohorts.
Representative?

a report is ordered? Do they deny the parents the opportunity to resolve their difficulties? Possibly it is the case that many Civil Work groups only undertake conciliation within the Court setting. In Birmingham, approximately one third of our work is ’further conciliation’ which the Court has put back, so that there can be more time and opportunity for discussions to take place. Most of our work is undertaken with the help of a colleague either co-working or acting as a consultant; therefore to change officers every time a Report is ordered would create practical difficulties, due to the way the work is shared with the group. The Booth Committee is suggesting that a different officer prepares the report when needed to protect the supposedly important principle of privilege. However, when one examines the Booth Report there are contradictions; for example, it is suggested (para 5.8) that ’because of the work already done (in conciliation) the issues will have been clarified and the task of reporting will, _ therefore, be accomplished more quickly’. This implies that the ‘elarified task information’ has
BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS ON THE PIGMENT IN EGGS AND COMPOUND EYES IN THE SILKWORM

家蚕の数種の卵色, 眼色突然変異並びに数種の野蚕, Drosophila などを試供して, これらの複眼及び卵の色素を抽出し蟻酸を溶媒として paper chromatography によつて識別し, 次の結果を得た. 1. 家蚕正常型の卵, 複眼並びに野蚕の複眼には, 何れもRf値0. 82, 0.76, 0. 50にそれぞれ orange, red, purple の3色素が認められた. これらを再抽出して吸収曲線を比較し, 更に化学的性質を調べた結果から考えて, これらの卵の3色素はみな複眼中の3色素と同じものであることが判明し, これらの色素を仮に +chrome I, II及びIIIと命名した. 2. 家蚕の各種眼色突然変異間のこれら3色素の異同についてみると, w1, w2は3色素を全く缺き, w3は+と異ならず, reは +chrome Iのみ+より多量に存在するがII, IIIを缺き, od, w3olでは3色素共に+より少い. 野蚕では天蚕, 柞蚕, ヒマ蚕, 〓蚕及び樟蚕等の何れに於ても3色素が認められた. 3. 家蚕卵の漿液膜に於ては, w1は3色素を缺き, reは複眼と同様にIを有するのみでII, IIIが存在せず, od, スペイン (褐卵) は3色素共に少く, w2, w3, カンボージユ及び不越年卵の人工着色卵では +chrome Iに似た orange の色素を微量有する. 4. これらの3色素の複眼, 卵の着色に件う形成順序は, +chrome Iが最初に形成され, 次第にII, IIIが後から形成されるが, その状態は卵, 複眼共に同じである. 5. +chrome Iは450mμに吸収極大があり, Hydrosulfite で還元すると赤色の沈澱を生じ, H2O2で酸化すると黄色となり Drosophila のbrown pigment, Goodwin の所謂 insectrubin の酸化型と極めて類似する. +chrome IIは300～540mμの間で吸収極大が認められず, IIIは520mμに極大値があり, 何れも Hydrosulfite によつて不変でH2O2で酸化すると無色となる. 6. 組織学的観察では, reの複眼の色素粒分布は+の化蛾数日前のそれに近似する. また正常型の卵漿液膜には紫褐色色素粒が密に分布するのに反して, reには赤色色素粒が密に分布する. 7. 以上の事実から, これらの色素は 3-hydroxykynurenine から +chrome I, II及びIIIが形成れ, reはII或はIIIまたはその両者に至る酵素或は酵素類似物を缺除するのか, 或はその他の条件によつて, II, IIIの色素が形成されない突然変異であろうと考えられる.
The Correlation between Depression and Folate Deficiency

Background: Folate is a naturally occurring B vitamin, is needed in the brain for the synthesis of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Thus, previous researches suggested that folate levels play an important role in the etiology and course of depression. However, the literature has been inconsistent regarding differences in folate level between individuals with and without depression. The present meta-analysis synthesized the results of previous studies to examine whether individuals with depression had lower levels of folate than individuals without depression. Aim of the Study: to assess the relationship between Depression and Folate deficiency. Methods: A review of the scientific literature (PubMed Search 1994 to 2017) Pubmed, Embase and CENTRAL were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated The Correlation between Depression and Folate Deficiency as the primary outcome. Identification of papers and data extraction was performed by two independent researchers. We searched for relevant trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), the Transfusion Evidence Library (from 1980), and ongoing trial databases; all searches current to October 2017. Results: 8 studies were included enrolling 173000 participants; 1813 patients with depression and 15487 control subjects. Pooling of all estimates showed a significant correlation between folate status and depression (OR pooled unadjusted = 1.41; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.82), (OR pooled adjusted = 1.39; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76). Conclusion: Low folate and B12 serum levels seem to be associated with depression Folate has been linked to depression and there is a strong body of evidence suggesting the introduction of folate supplement in the prevention and treatment of depression at the population and individual levels.
Use of artificial intelligence and machine learning for estimating malignancy risk of thyroid nodules

Purpose of review Current methods for thyroid nodule risk stratification are subjective, and artificial intelligence algorithms have been used to overcome this shortcoming. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the application of artificial intelligence algorithms for estimating the risks of malignancy in a thyroid nodule. Recent findings Artificial intelligence have been used to predict malignancy in thyroid nodules using ultrasound images, cytopathology images, and molecular markers. Recent clinical trials have shown that artificial intelligence model's performance matched that of experienced radiologists and pathologists. Explainable artificial intelligence models are being developed to avoid the black box problem. Risk stratification algorithms using artificial intelligence for thyroid nodules are now commercially available in many countries. Summary Artificial intelligence models could become a useful tool in a thyroidolgist's armamentarium as a decision support tool. Increased adoption of this emerging technology will depend upon increased awareness of the potential benefits and pitfalls in using artificial intelligence.
Photocontrol of plastid gene expression

Abstract. Recent strategies in the analysis of plastid gene expression at both the RNA and protein level are presented and current knowledge in this rapidly expanding research area is summarized. The role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in the expression of nuclear and organelle genes for plastid constituents is discussed, with emphasis on the control of these mechanisms by light. Available evidence points to species-specific, tissue-specific, and developmental stage-specific differences in the extent to which photoregulation is involved at each level of plastid gene expression.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Young Adults About Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the United States

Background The causal link between cigarettes and cardiovascular disease is well known. The long-term effects of e-cigarettes are yet unknown, although early studies show biomarkers indicating inflammation and damage to endothelial cells associated with later development of cardiovascular disease. With the rapid rise in e-cigarette use, especially in young adults, it is imperative that health professionals understand the knowledge, perceptions, and motivations for use among young adults. Objectives The purpose of this integrative review is to explore existing literature on young adults' knowledge, attitudes, values, and perceptions about e-cigarettes, as well as the social norms they experience. Methods The Whittemore and Knafl model for integrative review guided the methodology. Three databases were searched from January 2010 through December 2018. The study selection process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Studies were evaluated for quality and strength. Key themes were extracted, coded, and synthesized. Results Seventy-one full-text studies were assessed for inclusion criteria; 15 articles were included, coded, and analyzed for quality and thematic content. Current e-cigarette users represented just 3% to 35% of study participants. Three themes arose from a synthesis of the literature: “Is it bad for me? ,” “I just like it,” and “Is it cool or not? ” Conclusions Young adults are not armed with the accurate knowledge to make informed choices about using e-cigarettes. E-cigarette users are understudied and tend to value appearance and physical sensation over health. Social norms related to e-cigarette use are linked to perception of identity and the current technology-focused culture.
Regulation of glycine metabolism by the glycine cleavage system and conjugation pathway in mouse models of non‐ketotic hyperglycinemia

Glycine abundance is modulated in a tissue‐specific manner by use in biosynthetic reactions, catabolism by the glycine cleavage system (GCS), and excretion via glycine conjugation. Dysregulation of glycine metabolism is associated with multiple disorders including epilepsy, developmental delay, and birth defects. Mutation of the GCS component glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) in non‐ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) causes accumulation of glycine in body fluids, but there is a gap in our knowledge regarding the effects on glycine metabolism in tissues. Here, we analysed mice carrying mutations in Gldc that result in severe or mild elevations of plasma glycine and model NKH. Liver of Gldc‐deficient mice accumulated glycine and numerous glycine derivatives, including multiple acylglycines, indicating increased flux through reactions mediated by enzymes including glycine‐N‐acyltransferase and arginine: glycine amidinotransferase. Levels of dysregulated metabolites increased with age and were normalised by liver‐specific rescue of Gldc expression. Brain tissue exhibited increased abundance of glycine, as well as derivatives including guanidinoacetate, which may itself be epileptogenic. Elevation of brain tissue glycine occurred even in the presence of only mildly elevated plasma glycine in mice carrying a missense allele of Gldc. Treatment with benzoate enhanced hepatic glycine conjugation thereby lowering plasma and tissue glycine. Moreover, administration of a glycine conjugation pathway intermediate, cinnamate, similarly achieved normalisation of liver glycine derivatives and circulating glycine. Although exogenous benzoate and cinnamate impact glycine levels via activity of glycine‐N‐acyltransferase, that is not expressed in brain, they are sufficient to lower levels of glycine and derivatives in brain tissue of treated Gldc‐deficient mice.