Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review and Analysis of Simulation Facilitator Essential Elements

Background: Quality healthcare simulation depends largely on skilled facilitation. Identification and development of essential facilitator competencies challenges healthcare simulation operations across the world. Many organizations and authors have articulated and developed standards or recommendations for simulation facilitator development, but none have provided a synthesized and operationalized list of simulation facilitator competencies. Method : Analysis of organizational standards and recommendations for simulation, combined with a scoping review of recent literature, provide a synthesis of essential elements required for simulation facilitators. Eight documents from six professional organizations, and 23 literature articles identified from the scoping review, were analyzed for statements related to facilitator competencies and/or essential elements, which were then coded, and themes abstracted using a computer assisted qualitative data analysis software. Elements were then expanded and operationalized. Results: From the eight documents and 23 articles, content analysis identified over 1200 facilitator competency related statements which were thematically grouped into seven categories: 1) Knowledge underpinning simulation, 2) Skills to deliver simulation, 3) Skills to support participants, 4) Skills to support debriefing and/or assessment, 5) Facilitator comportment or qualities, 6) Commitment to continuous quality and safety improvement, and 7) Committment to professional development at every level. The analysis identified 30 essential elements which were expanded and operationalized into 149 sub-elements for evidence-based facilitation. Conclusion: Simulation facilitator development should be based on expert consensus and evidence-based practice. This research expands and operationalizes essential elements of healthcare simulation facilitation and provides a focused pathway for development and professional advocacy to advance the science of simulation.
An In Silico Approach to Enzymatic Synthesis of Fucooligosaccharides Using α-l-Fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima

Fucooligosaccharides comprise the primary group of human milk oligosaccharides. Due to their beneficial properties, a series of synthetic methods have been proposed to obtain them. Enzymatic methods show great promise, and α-l-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima has emerged as a powerful catalyst for their production. Nonetheless, the enzyme’s limited substrate scope has delayed its wider application. The present work aims to compare the relative reactivity of fucose, pNP-fucose, and ethyl-fucose, while also exploring the molecular interactions of these fucosyl-donors with the enzyme through a combination DFT and docking analysis. The HOMO-LUMO band gaps range from −7.14571 to −4.24429 eV, with α/β-pNP-fucose and α-fucose being the three most reactive compounds. Moderate association energies between −6.4 to −5.5 kcal·mol−1 were found in the docking analysis, with α-pNP-fucose and both anomers of ethyl-fucose demonstrating the poorest affinity. In the case of α/β-lactose affinity to the β-fucose/enzyme complex, no significant differences were shown. We conclude that the best fucosyl-donors for transfucosylation are those that maintain an enzyme affinity and reactivity similar to pNP-fucose.
When Noise Matters – The Effects of Random Measurement Errors in Costing Systems

Although all types of accounting numbers are in theory prone to noise, the concept receives very little attention in cost accounting. Motivated by its potentially detrimental consequences for decision making, we develop a numerical experiment that investigates how random measurement errors propagate through costing systems toward product costs and the extent to which this noise disturbs managers’ belief updating. Our results show that product costs can have substantial noise, even with just a few random measurement errors in the costing system. Specifically, we identify the rule of thumb that more (or less) expensive products are more (or less) prone to noise. While increasing the sophistication of costing systems can initially reduce noise, it cannot fully eliminate noise. Given this persistence of noise, we show that noisy cost information results in an asymmetric belief updating pattern, where manager’s belief revisions take longer for positive than for negative cost variances.
Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework and modelling to aid local Covid-19 response and mitigation

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 represents a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that has the potential to play a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework that, through the geo-referencing of COVID-19 cases in a particular region, is able to provide support to operational platforms from which response and mitigation activities can be planned and executed. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.
Spacecraft terrain relative navigation with synthetic aperture radar

Situations can arise when a spacecraft cannot rely on external signals for navigation and must use onboard instruments to determine its position, velocity, and attitude in orbit. A spacecraft terrain relative navigation system is presented relying on measurements obtained from a synthetic aperture radar that are fused with inertial measurements and attitude determination system data in a multiplicative extended Kalman ﬁlter. The method of processing the SAR images to retrieve measurements for the navigation ﬁlter is shown, including autofocusing and image geolocation steps. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented in which actual ﬁlter performance is compared to predicted ﬁlter performance. Speciﬁcally, two test cases, with varied initial SAR antenna misalignment uncertainty, demonstrate that the SAR based terrain relative navigation system produces consistent state estimates and successfully bounds, or in some instances, signiﬁcantly reduces the navigation uncertainty of the space- craft throughout its trajectory by up to 98%.
Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles

Horizontally shifted and asymmetric hysteresis loops are often associated with exchange-biased samples, consisting of a ferromagnet exchange-coupled with an antiferromagnet. In purely ferromagnetic samples, such effects can occur due to undetected minor loops or thermal effects. Simulations of ferromagnetic nanostructures at zero temperature with sufficiently large saturation fields should not lead to such asymmetries. Here we report on micromagnetic simulations at zero temperature, performed on sputtered nanoparticles with different shapes. The small deviations of the systems due to random anisotropy orientations in the different grains can not only result in strong deviations of magnetization reversal processes and hysteresis loops, but also to distinctly asymmetric, horizontally shifted hysteresis loops in purely ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Early Enteral Permissive Underfeeding in Critically Ill Young Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Background and Objectives: There is no consensus on optimal initial energy requirements for critically ill patients. The present study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of early enteral permissive underfeeding (EEPU) with those of early enteral standard feeding (EESF) in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: In this single-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial, 60 young adults with TBI were randomly assigned to either EESF or EEPU groups (initiation energy goal: 100% vs. 30% of estimated energy requirements, respectively). Enteral feeding was administered during 24-48 hours of intensive care unit admission. Patients receiving EEPU were prescribed to achieve full energy requirements by day seven of the intervention. Results: The EEPU group demonstrated improved glycemic control (205.6±68 vs. 137.4±59 mg/dL, P=0.02), reduced duration of hospital stay (57.5±29 vs. 70.9±24 days, P=0.08) and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (20.2±11 vs. 26.4±9 days, P=0.04). Gastrointestinal complications were more frequent in the EESF group (3.5±2 vs. 1.4±3 days, P=0.001). There were no differences between the EESF and EEPU groups in terms of 28-day mortality rate (3.8% vs. 10.7%, RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.03, 3.42; P=0.61). Conclusion: EEPU may be associated with beneficial effects on gastrointestinal toleration and glycemic control in young TBI patients, which might contribute to improved clinical outcomes in this population; however, further investigations are required on this issue. Trial registration: This trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) as IRCT201201128709N1.
Protection Effect of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Piroxicam as Ulcerogenic Agent towards Malondialdehid Level and Protein Expression of Caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2 at Rat Gastric

The aim of this study was to determine the protection effect of SNEDDS piroxicam ulcerogenic agent against malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein expression of caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2. The research was conducted using the test animals as much as 30 male white Sprague dawley (SD) rats aged 1-2 months with a weight of 100-200 grams divided into 5 groups. Treatment was given for 28 days orally. On the 29th day blood samples were also taken for the determination of MDA (Malondialdehid) levels by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARs) method using a visible spectrophotometer. Rats were sacrificed, then gastric organs were taken for immunohistochemical testing of caspase-3 and COX-1 expression, COX-2. The statistical analysis showed that the piroxicam SNEDDS group and the piroxicam suspension group decreased expression of the caspase-3 protein, increased COX-1 expression, decreased COX-2 and significantly decreased MDA levels. The piroxicam-containing SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) form has protection against ulcogenic piroxicam.
Internal Consistency of The Educational Value Scale for Green Outdoor Settings – The Case of Edupark App

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the internal consistency of an Educational Value Scale (EVS) to be used to assess individuals’ subjective perception of an educational app ability to support relevant learning in green outdoor settings. In this work, the EVS is presented as a scale with 12 items and data is aggregated and analysed to contribute to an empirical validation of the educational value construct. In this study, the analysis focuses a scale desirable psychometric property, the reliability, which is analysed through a robust Cronbach’s α estimation. Data for analysis is collected from a total of 924 responses to a questionnaire from students (of all school levels) and their teachers, after using the EduPARK app during a one-year face-to-face survey. Results reveal that the scale has internal consistency for teachers and older students (2, 3 Cycle of Basic Education and Secondary teaching students). This study is an initial effort to validate an EVS, which can be helpful to researchers developing and accessing educational apps and to educators selecting educational apps to integrate in their teaching practices.
Exploring the Optimal Range of Central Venous Pressure in Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients: A Retrospective Study in 208 Hospitals

Background: The appropriate range of central venous pressure (CVP) in sepsis patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal CVP range in sepsis and septic shock patients admitted to intensive care unit.Methods: We performed a retrospective study with adult sepsis patients with CVP records based on the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Cases were divided into three groups according to mean CVP level during ICU stay: low (< 8 mmHg), normal (8–12 mmHg), and high (> 12 mmHg). Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of three groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between different CVP levels (by equal interval of 4 mmHg) and in-hospital death risk. Results: 5302 sepsis patients were included in this study. Lactate level, serum creatinine, proportion of mechanical ventilation and dialysis were significantly higher in high CVP group compared to normal CVP group (2.6 [1.6,3.4] vs 2.2 [1.4,2.9] mmol/L; 1.5 [1,2.4] vs 1.2 [0.8,2] mg/dL; 52.2% vs 48.2%; 14.6% vs 9.7%; p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, high CVP group tended to have higher ICU mortality (24.8% vs 15.9%, p < 0.05) and hospital mortality (32.2% vs 22.4%, p < 0.05). The logistic regression analyses revealed that, in sepsis patients, CVP range of 12-16 mmHg, 16-20 mmHg and > 20 mmHg was related to increased in-hospital death risk compared to 8-12 mmHg level (OR: 1.349, 2.287, 3.210, respectively; 95% CI: 1.161–1.568, 1.897–2.757, 2.403–4.290, respectively); there were no significant differences between 0-4 mmHg, 4-8 mmHg and 8-12 mmHg levels regarding in-hospital death risk. Whereas in septic shock patients, CVP level of 0-4 mmHg, 12-16 mmHg, 16-20 mmHg and > 20 mmHg all contributed to increased in-hospital death risk (OR: 1.914, 1.652, 3.305, 3.554, respectively; 95% CI: 1.165–3.146, 1.299–2.101, 2.444–4.47, 2.233–5.654, respectively). Conclusions: High CVP level (> 12 mmHg) was related to worse clinical outcomes in both sepsis and septic shock patients; while very low CVP level (< 4 mmHg) in septic shock patients was also harmful. More strict fluid administration was essential in septic shock population.
Comparative study of selective zinc leaching from EAFD using carboxylic agents

Recycling of industrial waste has become a process of highly positive impact on the environment, industry and human health. The management of the electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a necessary and interesting task due to the possible recovery of its elevated metallic content (Zn, Pb, Cu, etc.). This reduces the environmental pollution generated by the leachability of its heavy metals and produces new revenues for the steel industries. In this work, a hydrometallurgical route was studied to extract the zinc present in EAFD. The research carried out using two carboxylic acids: sodium citrate and oxalic acid at moderate concentrations (≤ 0.5 M). The effect of pH, molar concentration and stirring speed was analyzed. Under pressure and ambient temperature, after 3 h of leaching, the results showed that both agents can leach zinc from waste, reaching metal extractions of approximately 50%. The more stable franklinite (ZnFe2O4) and hematite (Fe2O3) phases were not decomposed under these mild conditions. Citrate was especially promising due to its selectivity for zinc.
Age Estimation from Second & Third Molar by Modifi ed Gleiser and Hunt Method : A Retrospective Study

The aim of the present investigation, which is a modification of previous study done by Gleiser andHunt(1955). The study was conducted to determine juvenile and adolescent ages of age group 10 to 19.9yrs,in South Indian Population. The evaluated materials consisted of 200 OPG’S. In this Mandibular Left 37 &38 is the most variable tooth in the permanent dentition, which was the only data used for age estimation.The Standard deviation for Male 37 staging is ± 2.15years and for 38 staging is ± 1.29 years. And, theStandard deviation for Female 37 staging is ± 2.58 years and in 38 staging is ±2.24 years. The combinationof Male tooth number 37 & 38 staging is revealing the good results with the standard deviation of ± 1.23years and the combination of Female tooth number 37 & 38 revealing the average results of ±2.18 years.While comparing to both Male and Female tooth number staging Male is showing more accurate thanfemales in root maturation.
Hold-up Problem with the Government: Evidence from China

This paper studies the hold-up problem with the government, namely that the government may be provided an opportunity to expropriate firm investment in an incomplete contract. We employ the enactment of the 2007 Property Law in China as a natural experiment to empirically test the effect of the hold-up problem. We document that firm investments increase 12% on average after the Law enactment, and this effect tends to be stronger for private enterprises. We then provide evidence from four perspectives suggesting that mitigating the risks of being held up by the government may encourage firm investment. We show that in the post-enactment period firms become less likely to withhold their investments during local government official rotations. We also find a larger post-enactment increase in investments for firms headquartered in regions with more local government fiscal pressure, more corruption, and worse government-business relations which may indicate a higher prevalence of the hold-up problem. Our findings hold for a group of robustness checks and are valid after taking account of alternative explanations.
Bitcoins in the Black Market: Criminal Currency in the Twenty-First Century

The rising price of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin has resulted in a surge in curiosity to understand the drivers of Bitcoin price. While Bitcoin prices are correlated with many measures, such as gold price and total number of Bitcoins in circulation, Bitcoin still remains a partially speculative asset. Cybercriminals favor cryptocurrencies as a form of payment. Research has shown relationships between criminal activity and Bitcoin interest, and separately Bitcoin interest and Bitcoin price. However, no previous work has shown the direct relationship between criminal activity and Bitcoin price. This research examines the relationship between Bitcoin price and criminal activity and whether the inclusion of criminal activity creates a more predictive model of Bitcoin price.
Synthesis and thermal stability of europium(II) fluoride

The reduction of EuF 3 by elemental silicon, germanium, and boron was studied. The composition of the products is described as EuF 2 + x , where x = 0.09-0.44, depending on the nature of the reducing agent and synthesis conditions. A correlation between the variation of x and the intensity of the absorption peaks typical of Eu(III) in the near-IR spectral range was established. Europium(II) fluoride is stable on heating in air up to 200°C and high-temperature heat treatment induces its oxidation into the Eu(O,F) 2 . 3 5 oxyfluoride whose luminescence spectrum exhibits a clear Eu(II) line at 440 nm. The heat treatment in high vacuum results in partial disproportionation of EuF 2 .
Analysis of color feature extraction techniques for Fish Species Identification

Color recognition is an important step for computer vision to be able to recognize objects in the most different environmental conditions. Classifying objects by color using computer vision is a good alternative for different color conditions such as the aquarium. In which it is possible to use resources of a smartphone with real-time image classification applications. This paper presents some experimental results regarding the use of five different feature extraction techniques to the problem of fish species identification. The feature extractors tested are the Bag of Visual Words (BoVW), the Bag of Colors (BoC), the Bag of Features and Colors (BoFC), the Bag of Colored Words (BoCW), and the histograms HSV and RGB color spaces. The experiments were performed using a dataset, which is also a contribution of this work, containing 1120 images from fishes of 28 different species. The feature extractors were tested under three different supervised learning setups based on Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Machine. From the attribute extraction techniques described, the best performance was BoC using the Support Vector Machines as a classifier with an FMeasure of 0.90 and AUC of 0.983348 with a dictionary size of 2048.
Simple Height and Volume Equations for on-the-Fly Estimation of Productivity in Hybrid Poplar (Populus × euroamericana) Plantations in the Duero Basin (Northwestern Spain)

Hybrid poplar plantations are becoming increasingly important as a source of income for farmers in the Duero Basin (northwestern Spain), as rural depopulations and aging prevent farmers from planting other labor-intensive crops. However, forest owners, usually elderly and without formal forestry backgrounds, lack simple tools to estimate the size and volume of their plantations by themselves. Therefore, farmers are usually forced to rely on the estimates made by the timber companies that are buying their trees. With the objective of providing a simple but empowering tool for these forest owners, simple equations based only on the diameter to estimate individual tree height and volume were developed for the region. To do so, growth in height, diameter, and volume were measured for 10 years (2009–2019) in 404 trees planted in three poplar plantations in Leon province (northern Spain). An average growth per tree of 1.66 cm year−1 in diameter, 1.52 m year−1 in height, and 0.03 m3 year−1 in volume was estimated, which translated into annual volume growth of 13.02 m3 ha−1 year−1. However, annual volume growth was different among plots due to their fertility, with two plots reaching maximum growth around 13 years of tree age and another at 15 years, encompassing the typical productivity range in plantations in this region. Such data allowed developing simple lineal, polynomic, and power equations to estimate height and volume explaining 76% to 97% of the observed variability. Such equations can be easily implemented in any cellphone with a calculator, allowing forest owners to accurately estimate their timber existences by using only a regular measuring tape to measure tree diameter.
Artificial Intelligence and Learning Activities: A Match Made in Heaven?

Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) may be described as the next big disruptor in higher education, however, AIED still only remains “evidence of a potential” Balslev (2020). Practical experience with AI in higher education is very limited and potential pedagogical applications of AI has so far not been given much attention. The objective of this paper is to analyse and discuss concrete applications of AI to support different learning activities in higher education using the ABC Learning Design approach Young and Perovic (2016). The purpose of the paper is to contribute to research in the practical use of AI in higher education by presenting the AI Pedagogy Planner and to start the important theoretical discussion of AI applications from a pedagogical point of view. The paper is based on empirical data from nine selected cases of AI use in higher education in Portugal, the United Kingdom and Denmark, respectively. The analysis demonstrated that there is a need for new views on the pedagogical use of AI in higher education. However, the paper goes further and outlines an AI Pedagogy Planner combining six overall learning activities with eight types of AI applications.