Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Community-Initiated Kangaroo Mother Care on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Stress Among Mothers of Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Key Points Question Does the practice of community-initiated kangaroo mother care (ciKMC), an intervention encompassing skin-to-skin-contact and exclusive breastfeeding, during the neonatal period reduce the risk of moderate-to-severe postpartum depressive symptoms among mothers of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants? Findings In a randomized clinical trial that included 1950 mothers of stable LBW infants from low-income areas in India, the practice of ciKMC resulted in a 25% reduction in the relative risk of moderate-to-severe depression at 4 weeks after delivery. The analysis estimated that supporting 36 mothers to perform KMC at home would prevent 1 mother from experiencing moderate-to-severe postpartum depressive symptoms. Meaning These findings suggest that ciKMC can have substantial benefits for maternal mental health, beyond improving the survival of LBW infants.
Digital Inclusion of Older Adults during COVID-19: Lessons from a Case Study of Older Adults Technology Services (OATS)

ABSTRACT Older adults’ relationship to information and communications technology (ICT) is often discussed in terms of the digital divide or technology gap. Older persons, those 65 years of age and older, are seen as excluded or marginally represented in the digital sphere, even though data show their use of technology is increasing. Challenges in technology adoption and models for improving digital inclusion are both well-known, but the COVID pandemic and its general shift to digital life have created a critical need to increase digital inclusion of older persons. A case study of Older Adults Technology Services (OATS) and the organization’s migration from in-person to virtual programming is used as an example of reframing the way the relationship of older adults to technology is seen in the field and in practice. Policy and programming implications of this new view of technology are discussed in the conclusion.
Random First Order Transition from a Supercooled Liquid to an Ideal Glass (Review)

The random first order transition theory (RFOT) describing the transition from a supercooled liquid to an ideal glass has been actively developed over the last twenty years. This theory is formulated in a way that allows a description of the transition from the initial equilibrium state to the final metastable state without considering any kinetic processes. The RFOT and its applications for real molecular systems (multicomponent liquids with various intermolecular potentials, gel systems, etc.) are widely represented in English-language sources. However, these studies are practically not described in any Russian sources. This paper presents an overview of the studies carried out in this field.
Titrationsverfahren in der Abwasser- und Schlammanalytik zur Bestimmung von flüchtigen organischen Säuren

For years knowledge about volatile fatty acids s a has been successfully used for the control of mesophilic sludge digesters. Moreover, easily biodegradable substances s S (= s a + s f ) proved crucial to assess and model the performance of advanced nutrient removal from wastewater. Most of the analytical procedures for these very substances are costly and/or time-consuming. Titration, however, offers a cheap, reliable and simple way for the determination of s a . This paper 1. presents seven different titration procedures for the determination of volatile fatty acids and 2. compares three selected methods. It proves that a properly selected titration procedure is universally applicable both for wastewater and sludge analysis. Even with very low s a -concentrations results are satisfactory.
An Annotated Draft Genome for the Andean Bear, Tremarctos ornatus

Abstract The Andean bear is the only extant member of the Tremarctine subfamily and the only extant ursid species to inhabit South America. Here, we present an annotated de novo assembly of a nuclear genome from a captive-born female Andean bear, Mischief, generated using a combination of short and long DNA and RNA reads. Our final assembly has a length of 2.23 Gb, and a scaffold N50 of 21.12 Mb, contig N50 of 23.5 kb, and BUSCO score of 88%. The Andean bear genome will be a useful resource for exploring the complex phylogenetic history of extinct and extant bear species and for future population genetics studies of Andean bears.
A new version of the Chang method for the determination of the optical birefringence of nematic liquid crystals

We report a new experimental technique for the measurement of the optical birefringence An of nematic liquid crystals. This new version of chang'8. method is verified for (p-etoxy-benzylidene)-p-n-butylaniline (EBBA) The cell filled with EBBA is placed between crossed polarizers which make an angle of 45° with the optical axis. The wavelength dependence of the light Intensity transmltwd by We anelyzer has been recorded at various ternpemtures. In the Chang mewed by using the wavelengths λ 1 and λ i+1 of two consecutive minima (λ i <λ i+1 ), and by considering that Δn(λ 1 ) = Δn(λ i+1 ) the optical birefringence is calculated according to the relation An= λ i λ i+1 /d(λ i+1 -λ i ), where d Is the thickness of the cell. The accuracy of Chang's method is affected on the one hand by considering only of wavelengths corresponding to minima of the transmitted light and by the other hand by completely neglecting the dispersion of optical birefringence. The method proposed here solves both weaknesses by considering all the experimental data, contained into a large spectral range, and by using the dispersion of the optical birefringence given by the three-band model. By applying a nonlinear fitting procedure on the recorded experimental data we have obtained the parameters Involved in the expressions of the optical birefringence and we have computed the optical birefringence of EBBA at these temperatures. Our results are in a very good agreement with the corresponding ones obtained by using the Talbot-Rayletgh method. Unlike the Talbot-Raylelgh method, which mainly determines the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices, that can be further used at the computation of optical birefringence, our method allows for the direct determination of the biramngence, without other intermediate steps. optical birefringe, our method allows for the direct determination of the birefrince, without other intermediate step.
Testing for anabolic steroids in human nail clippings

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, and their abuse can have numerous health consequences. Identification of this group of drugs has found applications in forensic toxicology, clinical situations, psychiatric disorders, and of course, anti‐doping violations. Although anabolic steroids are generally tested in urine and very occasionally in head hair, collectors can face the lack of standard specimens, and therefore, nail clippings can be the unique alternative choice. Although there is no possibility to perform segmental analyses using nail clippings, the window of drug detection is generally much longer in nail when compared to head hair (particularly in male subjects), that is, 3–8 months and 4–12 months for finger and toenail clippings, respectively. A new method was developed, including nail pulverization in a ball mill, sonication for 90 min in methanol, and a combination of liquid–liquid and solid‐phase extractions, followed by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. To document the application of steroid testing in nail clippings, the authors present 6 authentic cases of abuse, involving stanozolol (7 and 24 pg/mg), nandrolone (6 pg/mg), trenbolone (26, 67, 81, and 89 pg/mg), drostanolone (8 and 11 pg/mg), and testosterone enanthate (14 pg/mg). Given concentrations were always in the low pg/mg range, the use of tandem mass spectrometry appears as a prerequisite.
Investigating the Scientific ‘Infodemic’ Phenomenon Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Summary Objectives: The study aims at understanding the structural characteristics and content features of COVID-19 literature and public health data from the perspective of the ‘Language and Meaning in Biomedicine’ Working Group (LaMB WG) of IMIA. The LaMB WG has interest in conceptual characteristics, transparency, comparability, and reusability of medical information, both in science and practice. Methods: A set of methods were used (i) investigating the overall speed and dynamics of COVID-19 publications; (ii) characterizing the concepts of COVID-19 (text mining, visualizing a semantic map of related concepts); (iii) assessing (re)usability and combinability of data sets and paper collections (as textual data sets), and checking if information is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). A further method tested practical usability of FAIR requirements by setting up a common data space of epidemiological, virus genetics and governmental public health measures’ stringency data of various origin, where complex data points were visualized as scatter plots. Results: Never before were that many papers and data sources dedicated to one pandemic. Worldwide research shows a plateau at ∼ 2,200 papers per week – the dynamics of areas of studies being slightly different. Ratio of epidemic modelling is rather low (∼1%). A few ‘language and meaning’ methods, such as using integrated terminologies, applying data and metadata standards for processing epidemiological and case-related clinical information and in general, principles of FAIR data handling could contribute to better results, such as improved interoperability and meaningful knowledge sharing in a virtuous cycle of continuous improvements.
Leukemia Cells Resistant to Glutamine Deprivation Express Glutamine Synthetase Protein

Objective: Low glutamine levels have been shown in tumor environments for several cancer subtypes. Therefore, it has been suggested that cancer cells rewire their metabolism to adopt low nutrient levels for survival and proliferation. Although glutamine is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized de novo, many cancer cells including malignant hematopoietic cells have been indicated to be addicted to glutamine. This study aimed to investigate the proliferation of leukemia cell lines in glutamine-deprived conditions. Materials and Methods: Cell proliferation of K562, NB-4, and HL-60 cells was determined by calculating cell numbers in normal vs. low glutamine media. Changes in mRNA expressions were investigated using qRT-PCR. The glutamine synthetase (GS)-encoding GLUL gene was knocked out (KO) in HL-60 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method and protein expression was evaluated with immunoblotting. Results: The proliferation of all cell lines was decreased in glutamine-deprived medium. GS protein expression was increased in glutamine-limited medium although the mRNA level did not change. Increased protein expression was confirmed with inhibition of new protein synthesis by treating cells with cycloheximide. To further investigate the role of GS protein, the GS-encoding GLUL gene was KO in HL-60 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method. GS KO cells proliferated less compared to control cells in glutamine-limited medium. Conclusion: Our results indicate that upregulated GS protein expression is responsible for glutamine addiction of leukemia cell lines. Exploiting the genetic and metabolic mechanisms responsible for GS protein expression could lead to the identification of new anti-cancer drug targets.
Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome independent of insulin resistance and obesity in young adults ‐ The Berlin Aging Study II

Age‐related changes affect vitamin D absorption and metabolism. Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations have been reported as risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, recent evaluations suggest this association might be explained by obesity or insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with MetS. Our aim was to analyze associations between vitamin D insufficiency and MetS in a young cohort without diabetes and two senior cohorts with and without diabetes.
Multiagent Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Multipath Routing Optimization

In this article, we investigate the routing problem of packet networks through multiagent reinforcement learning (RL), which is a very challenging topic in distributed and autonomous networked systems. In specific, the routing problem is modeled as a networked multiagent partially observable Markov decision process (MDP). Since the MDP of a network node is not only affected by its neighboring nodes’ policies but also the network traffic demand, it becomes a multitask learning problem. Inspired by recent success of RL and metalearning, we propose two novel model-free multiagent RL algorithms, named multiagent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) and multiagent metaproximal policy optimization (meta-MAPPO), to optimize the network performances under fixed and time-varying traffic demand, respectively. A practicable distributed implementation framework is designed based on the separability of exploration and exploitation in training MAPPO. Compared with the existing routing optimization policies, our simulation results demonstrate the excellent performances of the proposed algorithms.
Predictors of prolonged hospital stay in HIV-positive patients presenting to the emergency department

Background Prolonged hospitalization places a significant burden on healthcare resources. Compared to the general population, hospital length of stay (LOS) is generally longer in HIV-positive patients. We identified predictors of prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) in HIV-positive patients presenting to an emergency department (ED). Methods In this cross-sectional study, HIV-positive patients presenting to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital adult ED were prospectively enrolled between 07 July 2017 and 18 October 2018. Data was subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine parameters associated with a higher likelihood of prolonged hospital LOS, defined as ≥7 days. Results Among the 1224 participants that were enrolled, the median (IQR) LOS was 4.6 (2.6–8.2) days, while the mean (SD) LOS was 6.9 (8.2) days. On multivariate analysis of the data, hemoglobin <11 g/dL (OR 1.37, p = 0.032), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) <15 (OR 1.80, p = 0.001), creatinine >120 μmol/L (OR 1.85, p = 0.000), cryptococcal meningitis (OR 2.45, p = 0.015) and bacterial meningitis (OR 4.83, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of LOS ≥7 days, while bacterial pneumonia (OR 0.35, p = 0.000) and acute gastroenteritis (OR 0.40, p = 0.025) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of LOS ≥7 days. Conclusion Various clinical and laboratory parameters are useful in predicting prolonged hospitalization among HIV-positive patients presenting to the ED. These parameters may be useful in guiding clinical decision making and directing the allocation of resources.
Application of the Spanish-Language Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure to Assess Patient-Centered Care Among Latino Populations

Introduction: Reliable and valid measures are needed to assess the patient-centeredness of clinical care among Latino populations. Methods: We translated the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure from English to Spanish and assessed its psychometric properties using data from 349 Latino parents/guardians visiting a pediatric clinic. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish CARE measure. Results: Internal reliability of the Spanish CARE measure was high (Omega coefficient = 0.95). Similar to the English-language CARE measure, factor analysis of the Spanish CARE measure yielded a single domain of patient-centeredness with high item loadings (factor loadings range from 0.79 to 0.96). Conclusion: This preliminary analysis supports the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the CARE measure among Latinos in pediatric care settings. With further testing, the Spanish CARE measure may be a useful tool for tracking and improving the health care delivered to Latino populations.
Relationship, Choice, Health, and Typologies of Unpaid Care Labor for Older Adults

Providing unpaid care labor to older adult friends and relatives is associated with deleterious health outcomes, especially among persons who feel they have no choice when taking on care responsibilities. We used hierarchical cluster analysis and structural equation modeling of data from the National Alliance for Caregiving’s Caregiving in the U.S. 2015 Survey to explore choice—outcome relationships. We identified three distinct care typologies, hands-on, household, and managerial care. Perceived lack of choice predicted emotional stress directly and indirectly through household and managerial care; predicted physical strain directly and indirectly through all care typologies; but only predicted negative health impact indirectly through mediation. Lack of choice had greater direct effects on emotional stress and negative health impact for adult–descendants compared to participants with other relationships with recipients, for whom the effects of lack of choice on outcomes were mediated through household and managerial care.
Role Stress and Sense of Control Predict Using Food to Cope With Stress in Midlife Women

Objective: The current study examined the association between role stress and using food to cope with stress in midlife women and examined sense of control as a potential underlying mechanism. Methods: An archival analysis was performed using data from 638 midlife women from the Midlife in the United States II study. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that work stress (β = .180, p < .001) and family stress (β = .138, p < .05) significantly predicted using food to cope with stress. Sense of control was a significant mediator between work stress and using food to cope with stress (b = 0.02, 95% CI [.0014, .0314]). Discussion: Midlife women with higher role stress related to work and family are more likely to use food to cope with stress, and sense of control seems to be the link between work stress and using food to cope.
Numerical simulation and performance measure of highly efficient GaP/InP/Si multi‐junction solar cell

A novel multi‐junction GaP/InP/Si solar cells with improved p++AlGaAs/n++ AlGaAs tunnel junction model is designed using the Synopsys/RSoft/Solar cell utility software. The optical and electrical simulations of this cell are performed using the 2D full‐wave and solar cell utility, resulting in an open circuit voltage of 3.02 V, short circuit current density of 15.942 mA/cm2, fill factor of 82.7%, and power conversion efficiency of 44.23%. Then, an optimization study of a function of variation in thickness of different layers is performed. Simulation results of the optimized structure under AM 1.5G condition showed a small improvement in the short circuit current density by 0.38%, efficiency by 0.375%, whereas the fill factor and open circuit voltage are maintained the same. The proposed multi‐junction solar cell has reported the highest power conversion efficiency of 44.397% among the III–V triple junction solar cells designed already. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐nociceptive effects of oxytocin receptor modulation in healthy volunteers–A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study

There is increasing evidence for oxytocin as a neurotransmitter in spinal nociceptive processes. Hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons project to the spinal dorsal horn, where they activate GABA‐ergic inhibitory interneurons. The present study tested whether the long‐acting oxytocin‐analogue carbetocin has anti‐nociceptive effects in multi‐modal experimental pain in humans.
What proportion of people have a follow-up biopsy in randomized trials of treatments for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aim Trials of treatments for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis require endpoint assessment with liver biopsies. Previous large-scale trials have calculated their sample size expecting high retention but on average did not achieve this. We aimed to quantify the proportion of participants with a valid follow-up biopsy. Methods We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase until May 2020 and included randomized clinical trials of any intervention in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with at least 1-year follow-up. We were guided by Cochrane methods to run a meta-analysis with generalized linear mixed models with random effects. Results Forty-one trials (n = 6,695) were included. The proportion of participants with a valid follow-up biopsy was 82% (95%CI: 78%-86%, I2 = 92%). There was no evidence of a difference by location, trial length, or by allocated treatment group. Reasons for missing follow-up biopsies were, in ranked order, related to participants (95 per 1,000 participants (95%CI: 69–129, I2 = 92%), medical factors, protocol, trial conduct, and other/unclear. Biopsy-related serious adverse events occurred in 16 per 1,000 participants (95% CI: 8–33, I2 = 54%). No biopsy-related deaths were reported. Conclusions The proportion of participants with a valid follow-up biopsy in therapeutic trials in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is on average 82%, with around 1 in 10 participants declining a follow-up biopsy. These findings can inform adequately-powered trials.
Microwave-assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Sedum aizoon Leaves

Sedum aizoon is an edible medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities distributed widely in China. The flavonoids of S. aizoon have been shown to possess a variety of important biological activities. In this work, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was employed for the efficient extraction of flavonoids from S. aizoon leaves. The influences of MAE conditions including temperature, extraction time, solvent to solid ratio, and ethanol concentration on the yield of flavonoids were systematically investigated by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design. Under the optimal MAE conditions of extraction time 20 min, extraction temperature 57°C, solvent to solid ratio 20 mL/g, and ethanol concentration 80.6%, the flavonoids yield reached 24.87 ± 0.26 mg/g and was much higher than that of conventional Soxhlet extraction (CSE) method (18.67 ± 0.35 mg/g). The obtained flavonoids exhibited strong antioxidant activities with IC50 value of 0.315 mg/mL in the DPPH radical-scavenging experients. The results indicated that MAE was a simple and efficient technology for the extraction of flavonoids from S. aizoon leaves and the flavonoids may serve as new potential natural antioxidant for functional food ingredients and additives.