Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF 0.2% CHLORHEXIDINE AND 1% CHITOSAN MOUTHWASH ON BACTERIA DURING ORTHODONTIC MINISCREW USE

Objective: Inflammation is one of the most common complications observed when using orthodontic miniscrews. Chlorhexidine mouthwash can beused to prevent and reduce the degree of inflammation, but long-term use of this solution may lead to some side effects. This study sought to evaluatethe peri-miniscrew antibacterial effect of 1% chitosan, a biomaterial with antibacterial properties, relative to 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash.Methods: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted at the Dental Teaching Hospital and Oral Biology Research Laboratory at theUniversity of Indonesia from February to June 2019. Thirty subjects (25 females and five males) were randomly assigned to rinse with 1% chitosan(n=10), 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (n=10), and Aquadest (n=10) in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedure for 4 days. Peri-miniscrewclinical inflammation signs were recorded and peri-miniscrew plaque collected before and after 4 days of rinsing. The total bacterial and red-complexbacteria count in plaque samples were evaluated by a real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Chitosan and chlorhexidine showed antibacterial activity, reducing total bacterial count around orthodontic miniscrews (p<0.05). Theantibacterial activity of chitosan on total bacteria was not significantly different from that of chlorhexidine (p≥0.05). Regarding the antibacterialactivity of chitosan on red-complex bacteria, the best result seen was a 58% bacteria count reduction in Tannerella denticola.Conclusion: Chitosan has potential antibacterial activity and could be used in mouthwash to maintain peri-miniscrew hygiene.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Tachysurus virgatus (Oshima 1926) (Siluriformes: Bagridae) and its phylogenetic status

Abstract Tachysurus virgatus (Oshima 1926) is a small and benthic Bagridae species that resides in the Southern China and Viet Nam. Currently, limited published genetic information has hindered our understanding of this species. In the current study, the complete mitochondrial genome of T. virgatus was determined using next generation sequencing, which was 16,524 base pairs (bp) in length and identical to most genomes of bony fishes. Phylogenetic analyses supported four clades (I, II, III, and IV) occurring in the family Bagridae and T. virgatus formed an independent clade that was sister to the clades I and II.
Heterogeneity in urology teaching curricula among Canadian urology residency programs.

INTRODUCTION Postgraduate education is transitioning to a competency-based curriculum in an effort to standardize the quality of graduating trainees. The learning experiences and opportunities in each institution are likely variable, as no standard exists regarding the teaching curriculum offered through residency. The objective of this study is to examine the various teaching curricula among different Canadian urology residency programs and to identify which teaching modalities are prioritized by program directors. METHODS A 10-question anonymous survey was sent electronically to program directors at all 12 urology residency programs across Canada. Questions were designed to quantify the time allotted for teaching and to assess the various teaching session types prioritized by programs to ensure the successful training of their graduates. We assessed each program's perceived value of written exams, oral exams, didactic teaching session, and simulation sessions. Responses were assessed using a Likert-scale and a ranking format. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS Overall survey response rate from residency program directors was 75% (9/12). Sixty-seven percent of programs designated one day of teaching per week, whereas 33% split resident teaching over two days. Review of chapters directly from Campbell-Walsh Urology textbook were deemed the most valuable teaching session. Practice oral exams were also prioritized, whereas most programs felt that simulation labs contributed the least to residency education. All programs included review of the core urology textbook in their weekly teaching, while only 67% of programs included faculty-led didactic sessions and case presentations. Forty-four percent of programs included resident-led didactic sessions. Practice oral exams and simulation labs were the least commonly included teaching modalities. CONCLUSIONS Although most program directors prioritize the review of chapters in the core urology textbook, we found significant heterogeneity in the teaching sessions prioritized and offered in current urology residency curricula. As we move to standardize the quality of graduating trainees, understanding the impact of variable educational opportunities on residency training may become increasingly important.
Financial Challenges and the Subjective Well‑being of First‑year Students at a Comprehensive South African University

Since 1994, there has been a doubling in the enrolment of students in South Africa’s public universities. Students, especially first-generation students, face numerous challenges that may impact their subjective perceptions of their well‑being. In a milieu of high levels of suicide and depression amongst South Africa’s student population, the understanding of the variables determining students’ subjective well‑being (SWB) should be deepened. This article investigates the levels and changes in the SWB of successive groups of first‑year students at a comprehensive university in South Africa between 2014 and 2017. It makes use of a fit-for-purpose survey instrument. The results show that the SWB of students is influenced positively by their living arrangements and variables that have a direct influence on the educational environment in which they operate, such as feeling ‘at home’ and an overall level of satisfaction of the students’ experience at the university. Negative variables that influence the SWB of students include concerns regarding finances and upcoming tests, and living on campus or within walking distance of campus.
A centrifugation-assisted peptide-mediated gene transfer method for high-throughput analyses.

A peptide-mediated DNA delivery system for several plant species has been recently developed. This system uses ionic complexes of DNA and fusion peptides containing several domains, such as DNA-binding and cell-penetrating peptides. Although the peptide-DNA complexes are capable of penetrating into plant cells through the cell wall by mechanical pressure using a syringe, sample throughput is limited. Here, we describe a Centrifugation-Assisted Peptide-mediated gene Transfer (CAPT) method for improving sample throughput with reproducible gene transfer efficiency. We optimized the parameters of CAPT for transient gene transfer efficiency by using Nicotiana tabacum cotyledons as a model plant material. The optimal parameters for centrifugation were 10,000×g for 60 s. Furthermore, we successfully transferred the peptide-DNA complex into rice cotyledons using the optimized CAPT method. Thus, the CAPT method is superior to the previous syringe-mediated infiltration method in terms of sample throughput in multiple plant species.
Drought Assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

A drought is an event caused due to the prolonged shortages in the water supply. It mostly occurs when an area or region experiences below-normal precipitation. The lack of adequate precipitation, either rain or snow, can cause reduced soil moisture or groundwater, diminished stream flow, crop damage, and a general water shortage. Conditions of drought appear primarily, though not solely; on account of substantial rainfall deviation from the normal and the skewed nature of the spatial or temporal distribution to a degree that inflicts an adverse impact on crops over an agricultural season or successive seasons. As an unpleasant climatic phenomenon the drought directly affects societies through the limiting access to water resources; drought is also followed by some International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 7 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Overcoming polarization with chatbot news? Investigating the impact of news content containing opposing views on agreement and credibility

Chatbots are a burgeoning opportunity for news media outlets to disseminate their content in a conversational way, and create an engaging experience around it. Since chatbots are social and interactive technologies, they might be effective tools to lower the threshold of engaging with news content containing opposing views. In an experiment, we test this idea by investigating whether people are more likely to accept a news article containing conflicting views when it is delivered by a chatbot, as compared with the same article on a news website. The results indicated that people agreed more to a counter-attitudinal news article when it was delivered by a news chatbot (compared with the website article). In addition, users also perceived this chatbot article as more credible. The underlying process for this effect was that people attributed human-like characteristics to the chatbot on an implicit level (i.e., perceived mindless anthropomorphism). These results are discussed in the light of their potential contribution to an informed public discourse and a decrease in polarization in our society.
Alkalinity, and Not the Oxidation State of the Organic Substrate, Is the Key Factor in Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Mixed Cultures of Purple Phototrophic Bacteria

Domestic wastewater treatment by purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) is based on the assimilative uptake of organics and nutrients into the bacterial biomass. Thereby, it strongly depends on the carbon/nutrients ratio of the wastewater. The physiological COD/N/P ratio for PPB growth in domestic wastewater makes the addition of an external organic carbon source necessary in order to allow for an efficient process. However, PPB need a source of alkalinity (as CO2) to grow on reduced organics that serves as an electron acceptor since biohydrogen production (an alternative electron sink) is inhibited by ammonium. A preliminary experiment showed that high nutrients-loading wastewater was limited by CO2 imbalance, leading to poor removal efficiencies. Subsequently, the effect of the oxidation state of the organics added as external organic carbon sources to PPB reactors treating low nutrients-loading domestic wastewater has been analyzed. Three organics were used as additives to PPB development in four consecutive batches: acetate (more oxidized), ethanol and butyrate (more reduced). The PPB population was settled and the general performance under the three situations, in terms of organics, N and P assimilation, and growth kinetics was not significantly different irrespective of the external organic carbon source. The reactors were dominated by PPB, though reduced organics allowed for dominance of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, whereas oxidized organics caused co-dominance of R. palustris and Rhodobacter capsulatus. Thereby, alkalinity (as bicarbonate), and not the oxidation state of the organics, is the key parameter for the efficient treatment of domestic wastewater by PPB.
Evaluating Radiometric Responsivity Degradations of TANSO-FTS/GOSAT Using Principal Component Analysis

The short-wavelength infrared bands of the Thermal and Near-Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)–Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) instrument on board theGreenhouse Gas Observing Satellite(GOSAT) have degraded, which affects the retrieval of data for CO2and CH4. Herein, a new algorithm that uses principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate these degradations from on-orbit solar calibration spectra has been developed. The datasets of the spectra were decomposed using PCA, and the temporal variations of their components were fitted using the appropriate functions. Our results show that PCA is effective to construct a suitable degradation model for TANSO-FTS. Comparisons of CO2data retrieved using the new degradation model with that using the ground-based FTS indicate that the new model improves the measurement biases.
Drought and households’ adaptive capacity to water scarcity in Kasali, Uganda

The world is experiencing variability in precipitation, increased temperature, drought frequencies and intensities. Globally, approximately four billion individuals experience water scarcity due to drought. In Uganda about 10% of the population in the southern and northern parts of the country experience drought related water scarcity annually. This study aimed at assessing drought and households’ adaptive capacity (AC) to water scarcity during drought in Kasali. This was done through determining drought trends from 1987 to 2017, assessing the impact of drought on water availability and the AC of households to manage water scarcity. Droughts were assessed based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). The results show a decrease in the average annual rainfall, and the seasons of March-April-May (MAM), January-February (JF) while the seasons of September-October-November-December (SOND) and June-July-August (JJA) show an increase in rainfall trend. The average maximum and minimum annual and seasonal temperature increased significantly by between 0.56 and 1.51 °C. The minimum temperature increased more than the maximum temperature. Kasali experienced one extreme dry year and four moderate ones between 1987 and 2017. Above 70% of the households spend longer hours collecting water during dry years than wet years. The AC of households to water scarcity was low and drought negatively impacted water availability.
An Inverse Matrix-Free Proximal Point Algorithm for Compressive Sensing

In recent years, the compressive sensing (CS) has received considerable attention in signal processing and statistical inference. The classical proximal point algorithm (PPA) for some reformulations of CS often involves an inverse matrix at each iteration, which usually requires expensive computation if high dimensional variables are considered. Our contribution in this paper is to propose a novelly inverse matrix-free PPA to solve CS for the first time. More specifically, we first establish some equivalent reformulations of CS, which are smooth and convex. Based on these equivalent reformations, a new proximal point algorithm is proposed to solve CS, whose inverse matrix can be removed by choosing some special parameter. Thus we get an inverse matrix-free PPA, which is implementable for large scale CS. Global convergence of the new PPA and its inverse matrix-free version is established. Comparative numerical results are presented, which substantiate the efficacy and validity of the inverse matrix-free PPA for solving some sparse signal recovery problems.
AI feel you: customer experience assessment via chatbot interviews

While customer experience (CE) is recognized as a critical determinant of business success, both academics and managers are yet to find a means to gain a comprehensive understanding of CE cost-effectively. The authors argue that the application of relevant AI technology could help address this challenge. Employing interactively prompted narrative storytelling, and the authors investigate the effectiveness of sentiment analysis (SA) on extracting valuable CE insights from primary qualitative data generated via chatbot interviews. ,Drawing on a granular and semantically clear framework for studying CE feelings, an artificial intelligence (AI) augmented chatbot was designed. The chatbot interviewed a crowdsourced sample of consumers about their recalled service experience feelings. By combining free-text and closed-ended questions, the authors were able to compare extracted sentiment polarities against established measurement scales and empirically validate our novel approach. ,The authors demonstrate that SA can effectively extract CE feelings from primary chatbot data. This findings also suggest that further enhancement in accuracy can be achieved via improvements in the interplay between the chatbot interviewer and SA extraction algorithms. ,The proposed customer-centric approach can help service companies to study and better understand CE feelings in a cost-effective and scalable manner. The AI-augmented chatbots can also help companies to foster immersive and engaging relationships with customers. This study focuses on feelings, warranting further research on AI's value in studying other CE elements. ,The unique inquisitive role of AI-infused chatbots in conducting interviews and analyzing data in realtime, offers considerable potential for studying CE and other subjective constructs.
Gender composition and agency decision-making: female officers' effect on body-worn camera acquisition

Gender representation in policing is an important but understudied topic. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between female representation in police departments and the acquisition of body-worn cameras (BWCs). Further, it examined how female representation influenced the reasons for acquiring BWCs. ,Data were gathered from the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey and the 2016 Body-Worn Camera Supplement to the LEMAS. ,Controlling for relevant organizational characteristics, findings highlight the importance of female representation in terms of the acquisition of BWCs. In addition, findings point to the effect that increased female representation has on the reasons for acquiring BWCs. Namely, agencies with a greater percentage of female patrol officers were more likely to acquire body cameras for reasons related to improving community relations, professionalism, training, reducing use of force and strengthening leadership. ,This paper provides evidence of the positive influence of female representation in policing. ,This paper fulfills the identified need to examine the influence of gender representation in police organizations. In addition, it advances the direction of recent research to merge large data sets in order to provide a unique look at the research questions.
Optimum size and density of surface grid arrays for retrieving accurate shear‐tensile fracturing of microearthquakes

Surface arrays became an important tool for monitoring the induced seismicity in hydraulic fracturing experiments and for assessing the impact of fluid injection on the fracturing process of microearthquakes. The layout of sensors plays a key role in this task because it controls the accuracy of event locations and retrieved seismic moment tensors. We simulate various configurations of grid sensor arrays characterized by a different number of sensors, array span, sensor spacing, depth of sources and various shear/tensile source mechanisms of events. The moment tensor inversion is carried out using synthetically calculated P‐wave amplitudes with added random noise. A bias in the solutions is evaluated by errors in the double‐couple percentage of inverted moment tensors because the double‐couple errors inform us about the sensitivity of the network to detect the shear/tensile fracturing mode of induced microearthquakes. The results show that the accuracy of the double‐couple percentage is mostly controlled by the offset‐to‐depth ratio R defined as the ratio of half of the network size to the event depth. The optimum value of R is in the range of 0.75–1.5 irrespective of the type of the focal mechanism. If 121 (11 × 11) sensors are distributed in a regular grid and recorded data are characterized by a 10% random noise, the double‐couple error is less than 6%. This error increases, if R is not optimum or if the number of sensors is reduced. However, even sparse arrays with 49 (7 × 7) or 16 (4 × 4) sensors can yield a reasonable accuracy, provided the surface grid arrays are designed to have an optimum size.
The complete genome sequence of Stevia rebaudiana, the Sweetleaf

The Sweetleaf ( Stevia rebaudiana: Asteraceae) is widely grown for use as a sweetener. We present the whole genome sequence and annotation of this species. A total of 146,838,888 paired-end reads consisting of 22.2G bases were obtained by sequencing one leaf from a commercially grown seedling. The reads were assembled by a de-novo method followed by alignment to related species. Annotation was performed via GenMark-ES. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive ( SRR6792730) and Assembly ( GCA_009936405).
A three‐phase inverter circuit using half‐bridge cells and T‐NPC for medium‐voltage applications

Three‐phase single DC‐source based multilevel inverter topologies play a pivotal role in industrial applications due to the reduced number of components and higher efficiency. This paper emphasizes the inverter for medium‐voltage applications that employ a conventional three‐phase T‐type structure (T‐NPC). The primary circuit of the proposed configuration consists of a T‐NPC structure connected to the half‐bridge cells at the top and the bottom sides of each phase. The secondary circuit consists of DC‐link capacitors whose voltage balancing is attained through a separate voltage balancing circuit (VBC). Using the proposed configuration, the number of components and independent DC supplies are reduced compared with the conventional topologies such as a neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter, a flying capacitor (FC) inverter, and a cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter for the same number of output voltage levels. Hence, the proposed topology results in the reduction of weight, volume, and power losses of the inverter. A sine‐triangle comparison method is employed in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform to generate the firing pulses of the circuit switches. The effectiveness of the proposed topology is verified with simulation studies and is experimentally validated with a scaled‐down prototype.