Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of pore geometry on Gassmann fluid substitution

Although there is no assumption of pore geometry in derivation of Gassmann's equation, the pore geometry is in close relation with hygroscopic water content and pore fluid communication between the micropores and the macropores. The hygroscopic water content in common reservoir rocks is small, and its effect on elastic properties is ignored in the Gassmann theory. However, the volume of hygroscopic water can be significant in shaly rocks or rocks made of fine particles; therefore, its effect on the elastic properties may be important. If the pore fluids in microspores cannot reach pressure equilibrium with the macropore system, assumption of the Gassmann theory is violated. Therefore, due to pore structure complexity, there may be a significant part of the pore fluids that do not satisfy the assumption of the Gassmann theory. We recommend that this part of pore fluids be accounted for within the solid rock frame and effective porosity be used in Gassmann's equation for fluid substitution. Integrated study of ultrasonic laboratory measurement data, petrographic data, mercury injection capillary pressure data, and nuclear magnetic resonance T2 data confirms rationality of using effective porosity for Gassmann fluid substitution. The effective porosity for Gassmann's equation should be frequency dependent. Knowing the pore geometry, if an empirical correlation between frequency and the threshold pore‐throat radius or nuclear magnetic resonance T2 could be set up, Gassmann's equation can be applicable to data measured at different frequencies. Without information of the pore geometry, the irreducible water saturation can be used to estimate the effective porosity.
Identification of a new allele of GS 3 gene in an aromaticIndica rice cultivar Badshabhog

The GS3, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for grain length and weight and a minor QTL for grain width in rice has been reported to encode a transmembrane protein that acts as a negative regulator of grain size. On the basis of different mutations, 4 different types of GS3 alleles have been documented so far. In this study, we report the evidence of a long genomic DNA deletion in the 5 exon and 3′ untranslated transcribed region (UTR)of the GS3 gene present in an aromaticIndicarice cultivar Badshabhog. The deletion results in a frameshift mutation that predicts to a truncated GS3 protein with only 2 domains in comparison to the 4 domains present in the wild type GS3 protein. The small-grain phenotype of theBadshabhog cultivar could be well-explained on the basis of the previously established inter-domain interaction of the GS3 protein. Based upon our findings, we claim the presence of a new 5 GS3 allelic version in thisIndicarice cultivar Badshabhog.
Effect of Fasting of Ramadan on Infertile Women Undergoing In-Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To determine the effects of fasting of Ramadan in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Design: A prospective cohort study conducted during Ramadan. Setting: Ain Shams University IVF centre. Population: Three hundred fasting, infertile women undergoing their first trial of IVF/ICSI and 300 non-fasting matched controls undergoing the same procedure during Ramadan. Methods: Anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, at the start of the induction protocol. All the successful pregnant women were followed up until delivery. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the live birth rate. Results: The live birth rate was higher in the fasting group than in the non-fasting group; this was not significant (43% vs. 40%, P = 0.46). The fasting group needed higher doses and durations of induction. Embryo quality did not differ between both groups. The pregnancy complication rate among successful cases was higher in the fasting group (52.9% vs. 40.4%, P = 0.03); however, the frequencies of anxiety and depression were significantly lower than those in the non-fasting group (18% vs. 38%, P < 0.00001 and 16% vs. 37%, P < 0.00001, respectively). Conclusion: Fasting during Ramadan does not seem to significantly affect the IVF/ICSI outcome; however, it significantly decreased the anxiety and depression usually associated with these procedures.
Selection of Geometric Design Variables for Fine Numerical Optimizations of Electrical Machines

This paper proposes an extended set of variables for numerical optimizations of tooth-coil permanent magnet synchronous machines (TC-PMSMs). The design variables for the extended set are chosen based on the magnetic asymmetries introduced by the saturated core under the loading conditions. The extended set allows to reach considerably higher values of torque density and significant reduction of torque ripple in comparison with a conventional set of optimization variables. The conventional and extended sets are compared on an example of an finite element method simulation of a double-layer winding surface permanent magnet-rotor TC-PMSM. A considerably better optimal machine is obtained when the extended set of variables is utilized. The paper showcases the design and the optimization of electrical machines using only free and open-source software.
Prediction of Kappa Number in Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Continuous Digester Using the Box & Jenkins Methodology

The quality of the resulting pulping continuous digesters is monitored by measuring the Kappa number, which is a reference of residual lignin. The control of the kappa number is carried out mainly in the top of the digester, therefore it is important to get some indication of this analysis beforehand. In this context, the aim of this work was to obtain a prediction model of the kappa number in advance to the laboratory results. This paper proposes a new approach using the Box & Jenkins methodology to develop a dynamic model for predicting the kappa number from a Kamyr continuous digester from an eucalyptus Kraft pulp mill in Brazil. With a database of 1500 observations over a period of 30 days of operation, some ARMA models were studied, leading to the choice of ARMA (1, 2) as the best forecasting model. After fitting the model, we performed validation with a new set of data from 30 days of operation, achieving a model of 2.7% mean absolute percent error.
Initial Clinical Experience With a New Automated Antitachycardia Pacing Algorithm: Feasibility and Safety in an Ambulatory Patient Cohort

Background: Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) decreases patient shock burden but has recognized limitations. A new automated ATP (AATP) based on electrophysiological first principles was designed. The study objective was to assess the feasibility and safety of AATP in ambulatory ICD patients. Methods and Results: Enrolled patients had dual chamber or cardiac resynchronization therapy ICDs, history of ≥1 ICD-treated ventricular tachycardias (VT)/ventricular fibrillation episode, or a recorded, sustained monomorphic VT. Detection was set to ventricular fibrillation number of intervals to detect=24/32, VT number of intervals to detect≥16, and a fast VT zone of 240 to 320 ms. AATP prescribed the components and delivery of successive ATP sequences in real time, using the same settings for all patients. ICD datalogs were uploaded every ≈3 months, at unscheduled visits, exit, and death. Episodes and adverse events were adjudicated by separate committees. Results were adjusted (generalized estimating equations) for multiple episodes. AATP was downloaded into the ICDs of 144 patients (121 men), aged 67.4±11.9 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 33.1±13.6% (n=137), and treated 1626 episodes in 49 patients during 14.5±5.1 months of follow-up. Datalogs permitted adjudication of 702 episodes, including 669 sustained monomorphic VT, 20 polymorphic VT, 10 supraventricular tachycardia, and 3 malsensing episodes. AATP terminated 39 of 69 (59% adjusted) sustained monomorphic VT in the fast VT zone, 509 of 590 (85% adjusted) in the VT zone, and 6 of 10 in the ventricular fibrillation zone. No supraventricular tachycardias converted to VT or ventricular fibrillation. No anomalous AATP behavior was observed. Conclusions: The new AATP algorithm safely generated ATP sequences and controlled therapy progression in all zones without need for individualized programing.
A conversão do conhecimento em uma universidade federal com base em Nonaka e Takeuchi

Este estudo tem como foco o estudo sobre a conversão do conhecimento na área administrativa de uma universidade federal, com base no modelo SECI de Nonaka e Takeuchi. O objetivo principal é analisar como o conhecimento, no âmbito da gestão administrativa, é criado e difundido, na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, sob o ponto de vista de seus dirigentes, na perspectiva do modelo SECI de Nonaka e Takeuchi. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa e com procedimentos metodológicos bibliográficos e pesquisa de campo. Foi aplicado questionário estruturado fechado e não disfarçado, aos gestores que compunham a amostra, escolhida intencionalmente de forma não aleatória. Constatou-se que, na Universidade em questão, na visão de seus dirigentes, o conhecimento tende a ser criado e difundido seguindo os quatro modos de conversão: socialização, externalização, combinação, internalização. Conclui-se que os modos de conversão – socialização e externalização – parecem mais consolidados enquanto que – combinação e internalização – parecem necessitar de amadurecimento.
Robust Optimization

Course aims What this course is This is a PhD course on robust optimization. The decision-making problem requires the parameters of underlying models. While applying data to estimate parameters, the uncertainty is unavoidable. Robust optimization is an emerging area to incorporate uncertainty into mathematical programming models. This course will cover various aspects of robust optimization and satisficing frameworks, including nonstochastic and stochastic models.
Restriction–modification system differences in Helicobacter pylori are a barrier to interstrain plasmid transfer

Helicobacter pylori cells are naturally competent for the uptake of both plasmid and chromosomal DNA. However, we demonstrate that there are strong barriers to transformation of H. pylori strains by plasmids derived from unrelated strains. We sought to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these barriers. Transformation efficiency was assessed using pHP1, an Escherichia coli–H. pylori shuttle vector conferring kanamycin resistance. Transformation of 33 H. pylori strains was attempted with pHP1 purified from either E. coli or H. pylori, and was successfully introduced into only 11 strains. Digestion of H. pylori chromosomes with different restriction endonucleases (REs) showed that DNA methylation patterns vary substantially among strains. The strain most easily transformed, JP26, was found to have extremely low endogenous RE activity and to lack a restriction–modification (R–M) system, homologous to MboI, which is highly conserved among H. pylori strains. When we introduced this system to JP26, pHP1 from MboI.M+ JP26, but not from wild‐type JP26, transformed MboI R−M+ JP26 and heterologous MboI R−M+ wild‐type H. pylori strains. Parallel studies with pHP1 from dam+ and dam−E. coli strains confirmed these findings. These data indicate that the endogenous REs of H. pylori strains represent a critical barrier to interstrain plasmid transfer among H. pylori.
Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome Type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECT Chronic complex regional pain syndrome-Type I (CRPS-I) is a painful, disabling disorder for which no treatment with proven effect is available. In the present randomized controlled trial, the authors assessed the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in reducing pain due to CRPS-I at the 5-year follow-up. METHODS The authors performed a randomized trial in a 2:1 ratio in which 36 patients with CRPS-I were allocated to receive SCS and physical therapy (PT) and 18 patients to receive PT alone. Twenty-four patients who received SCS+PT also underwent placement of a permanent spinal cord stimulator after successful test stimulation; the remaining 12 patients did not receive a permanent stimulator. The authors assessed pain intensity, global perceived effect, treatment satisfaction, and health-related quality of life. Patients were examined before randomization, before implantation, and every year until 5 years thereafter. Ten patients were excluded from the final analysis. RESULTS At 5 years posttreatment, SCS+PT produced results similar to those following PT for pain relief and all other measured variables. In a subgroup analysis, the results with regard to global perceived effect (p=0.02) and pain relief (p=0.06) in 20 patients with an implant exceeded those in 13 patients who received PT. CONCLUSIONS Despite the diminishing effectiveness of SCS over time, 95% of patients with an implant would repeat the treatment for the same result.
Expression of antimicrobial peptides and interleukin-8 during early stages of inflammation: An experimental gingivitis study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the oral cavity, the epithelial surface is constantly exposed to a number of different microorganisms that are organized in a well-structured biofilm. The aim of this study was to monitor gingival expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in an early gingivitis model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental gingivitis was allowed to develop in healthy volunteers (n = 17). Bleeding on probing (BOP%) and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) were assessed at baseline and day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14. Expression of AMPs (human beta-defensin-2, hBD-2; CC-chemokine ligand 20, CCL20; psoriasin, pso/S100A7) and IL-8 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in gingival biopsies. In addition, hBD-2 and IL-8 protein expression was monitored in GCF using the ELISA technology. RESULTS Experimental gingivitis gradually developed with an increase in BOP scores and GCF volume over time. In GCF, elevated concentrations of hBD-2 and IL-8 were monitored at day 1, 5 and 7 (p ≤ 0.0002). Immunohistochemical analysis of gingival sections demonstrated increased staining for hBD-2 at day 3, whereas the CCL20, pso/S100A7, and IL-8 expression was increased at later time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION For the first time, this study showed the time-dependent regulation of AMPs, following clinical signs of experimentally induced gingival inflammation. Differential temporal expression for AMPs may ensure a constant antimicrobial activity against changes in the bacterial composition of the growing dental biofilm.
Dynamic Frontier Based Exploration with a Mobile Indoor Robot

Any indoor service robot needs a kind of map as knowledge of its working space in order to perform navigation tasks efficiently. Ideally the robot should be able to generate this map autonomously when it is placed in a priori unknown environment. Thus it has to explore its surroundings completely in a reasonable amount of time and produce a map as accurate and complete as possible. This paper presents an integrated dynamic exploration approach that combines existing solutions of mapping, localization, obstacle avoidance and navigation to realize an efficient exploration strategy.
Role of leptin in the regulation of growth and carbohydrate metabolism in the ovine fetus during late gestation

Leptin is an important regulator of appetite and energy expenditure in adulthood, although its role as a nutritional signal in the control of growth and metabolism before birth is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of leptin on growth, carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signalling in fetal sheep. Crown–rump length‐measuring devices and vascular catheters were implanted in 12 sheep fetuses at 105–110 days of gestation (term 145 ± 2 days). The fetuses were infused i.v. either with saline (0.9% NaCl; n= 6) or recombinant ovine leptin (0.5–1.0 mg kg−1 day−1; n= 6) for 5 days from 125 to 130 days when they were humanely killed and tissues collected. Leptin receptor mRNA and protein were expressed in fetal liver, skeletal muscle and perirenal adipose tissue. Throughout infusion, plasma leptin in the leptin‐infused fetuses was 3‐ to 5‐fold higher than in the saline‐infused fetuses, although plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, lactate, cortisol, catecholamines and thyroid hormones did not differ between the groups. Leptin infusion did not affect linear skeletal growth or body, placental and organ weights in utero. Hepatic glycogen content and activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose‐6‐phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the leptin‐infused fetuses were lower than in the saline‐infused fetuses by 44, 48 and 36%, respectively; however, there were no differences in hepatic glycogen synthase activity or insulin signalling protein levels. Therefore, before birth, leptin may inhibit endogenous glucose production by the fetal liver when adipose energy stores and transplacental nutrient delivery are sufficient for the metabolic needs of the fetus. These actions of leptin in utero may contribute to the development of neonatal hypoglycaemia in macrosomic babies of diabetic mothers.
Regulation of Cellular Communication by Signaling Microdomains in the Blood Vessel Wall

It has become increasingly clear that the accumulation of proteins in specific regions of the plasma membrane can facilitate cellular communication. These regions, termed signaling microdomains, are found throughout the blood vessel wall where cellular communication, both within and between cell types, must be tightly regulated to maintain proper vascular function. We will define a cellular signaling microdomain and apply this definition to the plethora of means by which cellular communication has been hypothesized to occur in the blood vessel wall. To that end, we make a case for three broad areas of cellular communication where signaling microdomains could play an important role: 1) paracrine release of free radicals and gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; 2) role of ion channels including gap junctions and potassium channels, especially those associated with the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization mediated signaling, and lastly, 3) mechanism of exocytosis that has considerable oversight by signaling microdomains, especially those associated with the release of von Willebrand factor. When summed, we believe that it is clear that the organization and regulation of signaling microdomains is an essential component to vessel wall function.
Hydrogels for central nervous system therapeutic strategies

The central nervous system shows a limited regenerative capacity, and injuries or diseases, such as those in the spinal, brain and retina, are a great problem since current therapies seem to be unable to achieve good results in terms of significant functional recovery. Different promising therapies have been suggested, the aim being to restore at least some of the lost functions. The current review deals with the use of hydrogels in developing advanced devices for central nervous system therapeutic strategies. Several approaches, involving cell-based therapy, delivery of bioactive molecules and nanoparticle-based drug delivery, will be first reviewed. Finally, some examples of injectable hydrogels for the delivery of bioactive molecules in central nervous system will be reported, and the key features as well as the basic principles in designing multifunctional devices will be described.
AMPA receptor activation and phosphatase inhibition affect neonatal rat respiratory rhythm generation

1 We investigated the role of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA) receptors and their regulation in affecting respiratory‐related neurones in a neonatal rat medullary slice that spontaneously generates respiratory‐related rhythm and motor output in the hypoglossal (XII) nerve. 2 Bath application of the AMPA receptor antagonist 1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐4‐methyl‐7,8‐methylenedioxy‐5H‐2,3‐benzodiazepine (GYKI) completely blocked XII nerve activity, as well as respiratory‐related synaptic drives in neurones within the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), site of rhythm generation in the slice. 3 Local application of GYKI to the preBötC blocked respiratory rhythm. Local application of AMPA to the preBötC increased rhythm frequency and depolarized respiratory‐related neurones. 4 In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), GYKI completely blocked the inward current induced by local application of AMPA, but not that induced by kainate. 5 Local application of okadaic acid, a membrane‐permeable inhibitor of phosphatase 1 and 2A, to the preBötC increased the frequency of respiratory motor discharge. 6 Intracellular application of microcystin, a membrane‐impermeable inhibitor of phosphatase 1 and 2A, enhanced endogenous inspiratory drive and exogenous AMPA‐induced current (in the presence of TTX) in preBötC inspiratory neurones. Both the enhanced inspiratory drive and the increased AMPA‐induced current were completely blocked by GYKI. 7 We suggest that AMPA receptor activation and AMPA receptor modulation by phosphorylation are crucial for the rhythm generation within the preBötC.
Review of Effects of Textual Glosses on Incidental Vocabulary Learning

Abstract Learning vocabulary is an essential part of language learning. A number of studies showed that L2 reading can promote second language vocabulary acquisition. Sometimes, many unfamiliar words are presented in reading texts and L2 learners fail to notice the presence of unknown words. Even when L2 readers have access dictionary, they do not look all unfamiliar words, particularly when they read long texts. A number of studies confirmed that the provision of textual glosses can enhance incidental vocabulary learning. The present study reviews results of the studies on incidental vocabulary learning chronologically. The results were divided into two groups as follows: the first group of studies reported that there was difference between the effects of textual glosses on vocabulary learning and the second group of studies confirmed that there was no difference between the effects of different glosses on vocabulary learning. This study reviewed previous studies from a new perspective that can be used as a fundamental review research for future studies on the effects of glossing on incidental vocabulary learning. Key Words: Review, Textual Glosses, Incidental Vocabulary Learning
Preferential interaction paths for localized wave functions in disordered media

GaN-based alloys are characterized by important spatial composition inhomogeneities resulting from the random distribution of Indium atoms. These variations can induce carrier localization and strongly influence the performance of the devices. We present here a work based on the recent theory of the localization landscape, whose main result is the derivation of an effective potential W. The basins of this effective potential define the localization subregions of carriers. The exponential decay of the wave functions outside these regions is controlled by the Agmons distance, which is calculated on 2D landscape map. Interactions between bound states are shown to happen along very well defined preferential paths within the system.