Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Calibration of Multiple Stationary Laser Range Finders Using Trajectories

Laser based detection and tracking of persons can be used for numerous tasks, like statistical measurements for determining bottlenecks in public buildings, optimizing passenger flow, or planning camera placement. Only a network of multiple LRF is sufficient to fulfill these tasks in larger spaces. Calibrating multiple LRF into a global coordinate system is usually done by hand in a time consuming procedure. In this paper, we address the problem of automatically calibrating such a sensor network. We introduce an automatic calibration mechanism, which is able to obtain the positions and orientations of all LRF in a global coordinate system, without any prior knowledge of the scene. Our approach is based on comparing person tracks, determined by each individual LRF unit and matching them in order to obtain constraints between the LRF units. By resolving these constraints, we are able to estimate the poses of all LRF. We evaluate and compare our method to the current state of the art approach methodically and experimentally. Experiments show that our calibration approach outperforms this approach.
Electron Temperature and Arc Diameter in a Sand-Filled HBC Fuse

The electron temperature as a function of time in a model high-breaking-capacity fuse has been determined from measurement of the relative intensity of the Si II spectral lines at 505, 597, and 636 nm. The fuses used in this paper consisted of a 0.55-mm-diameter Ag wire fusible element surrounded by silica (SiO2) sand. The spectra were resolved with a grating spectrometer and recorded by a gated image intensifier coupled to a linear photodiode array for prospective currents of 1.25- and 4.5-kA amplitudes and for arc lengths of 112 and 240 mm. The electron temperatures varied during the life of the arc from no significant change (for 1.25-kA peak prospective current through the long fuse) to ~50% decrease (for 4.5-kA peak prospective current through the short fuse). Average temperatures, excluding data points at the early and late times during the arc discharge when the most extreme temperatures were measured, were as follows: 1.8 × 104 K and 1.1 × 104 K at 1.25- and 4.5-kA peak prospective currents, respectively, for the 112-mm fuse and 1.4 × 104 K and 1.5 × 104 K at 1.25- and 4.5-kA peak prospective currents, respectively, for the 240-mm fuse. The individual data points, however, exhibited a wide scatter about the line of best fit. Detailed analysis of the data indicates that it is essential to include the intensity of all of the doublets previously listed when measuring the plasma electron temperature and that self-absorption at 636 nm is, at least for the present experiment, not a source of error. The measured electron temperatures were used to calculate the Spitzer conductivity of the plasma which, together with the measured electrical characteristics of the arc, enabled the variation of the diameter of the arc over time to be estimated.
Power Optimization in 5G Networks: A Step Towards GrEEn Communication

In the present scenario, an energy efficiency has become a matter of prime importance for wireless networks. To meet the demands of an increased capacity, an improved data rate, and a better quality of the service of the next-generation networks, there is a need to adopt energy-efficient architectures. Along with these requirements, it is also our social responsibility to reduce the carbon footprint by reducing the power consumption in a wireless network. Hence, a green communication is an urgent need. In this paper, we have surveyed various techniques for the power optimization of the upcoming 5G networks. The primary focus is on the use of relays and small cells to improve the energy efficiency of the network. We have discussed the various scenarios of relaying for the next-generation networks. Along with this, the importance of simultaneous wireless power and information transfer, massive multiple input multiple output, and millimeter waves has been analyzed for 5G networks.
A CMOS Burst-Mode Transmitter With Watt-Level RF PA and Flexible Fully Digital Front-End

A fully digital burst-mode handheld transmitter with power amplifier for the 900-MHz band is presented. The transmitter front-end consists of a digital polar modulator which uses pulse width modulation (PWM) for the amplitude modulator. Phase modulation (PM) is implemented by shifting the carrier in time. Both the PWM and the PM are implemented using asynchronous delay lines which allow time resolutions down to 10 ps without the need for high-frequency clock signals. The modulated signal is amplified by a Class B amplifier which uses power combining to reach watt-level output power. The transmitter is implemented in standard CMOS technology. When transmitting a modulated signal with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 10.3 dB and 5-MHz bandwidth, the burst-mode transmitter meets the stringent error-vector-magnitude (EVM) specifications of 5.6% at 23.1-dBm average output power with 11.7% power added efficiency (PAE).
[Overweight and obesity prevalence in Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil].

OBJECTIVE to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, adolescents, adults and elderlies from Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil. METHODS anthropometric evaluation of 17.184 people, studied in Life Pattern Research conducted by Brazilian Institute of Geographic and Statistics in 1996/97, by body mass index. Overweight and obesity definitions according to body mass index values proposed by Cole et al. which are related to adult definition. RESULTS It was studied a little more females in this study (53.1%). Average age was 29 years and five months ( +/- 20 years), median was 25 years and six months. Overweight prevalence was 10.8% in children, 9.9% in adolescents and 28.3% among adults and obesity was 7.3%, 1.8% and 9.7% respectively. It was noticed a gradual increase in overweight or obesity prevalence since infancy through adult age with decrease among the elderly. CONCLUSION Prevalence of overweight and obesity joined is higher among females. More than half of the women among 50 and 69 years old, from Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil have overweight or obesity. There are few studies of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and a lot of definition for obesity in children which makes more difficult the comparison of studies of prevalence among children.
Low-profile broadband metamaterial-based RF energy harvesting with mushroom EBG structure

A novel Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting circuit is presented. The antenna comprises a low profile, 4 × 4 array of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) unit cells that are fed through a centred slot in a ground plane. The antenna gain is over 6 dBi and its operational bandwidth covers a wide frequency band of 1.01 GHz from 5.03 GHz to 6.04 GHz. It is shown that the EBG unit cell demonstrates a band gap from 3.26 GHz to 6.45 GHz that can effectively inhibit surface wave propagation over the entire band of operation of the antenna. The antenna is integrated with a stacked Grenaicher rectifier circuit and demonstrates a simulated maximum efficiency of 50.4 percent and output voltage of 3.3 V for an input power of 3 dBm which is sufficient to power a wireless sensor node.
Temporal increase in thymocyte negative selection parallels enhanced thymic SIRPα+ DC function

Dysregulation of negative selection contributes to T‐cell‐mediated autoimmunity, such as type 1 diabetes. The events regulating thymic negative selection, however, are ill defined. Work by our group and others suggest that negative selection is inefficient early in ontogeny and increases with age. This study examines temporal changes in negative selection and the thymic DC compartment. Peptide‐induced thymocyte deletion in vivo was reduced in newborn versus 4‐week‐old NOD mice, despite a similar sensitivity of the respective thymocytes to apoptosis induction. The temporal increase in negative selection corresponded with an elevated capacity of thymic antigen‐presenting cells to stimulate T cells, along with altered subset composition and function of resident DC. The frequency of signal regulatory protein α+ (SIRPα+) and plasmacytoid DCs was increased concomitant with a decrease in CD8α+ DC in 4‐week‐old NOD thymi. Importantly, 4‐week‐old versus newborn thymic SIRPα+ DC exhibited increased antigen processing and presentation via the MHC class II but not class I pathway, coupled with an enhanced T‐cell stimulatory capacity not seen in thymic plasmacytoid DC and CD8α+ DC. These findings indicate that the efficiency of thymic DC‐mediated negative selection is limited early after birth, and increases with age paralleling expansion of functionally superior thymic SIRPα+ DC.
Advanced Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Catalysts in Electrochemical Sensors

Developing efficient catalysts is vital for the application of electrochemical sensors. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with high porosity, large specific surface area, good conductivity, and biocompatibility, have been widely used in catalysis, adsorption, separation, and energy storage applications. In this invited review, the recent advances of a novel MOF-based catalysts in electrochemical sensors are summarized. Based on the structure–activity–performance relationship of MOF-based catalysts, their mechanism as electrochemical sensor, including metal cations, synthetic ligands, and structure, are introduced. Then, the MOF-based composites are successively divided into metal-based, carbon-based, and other MOF-based composites. Furthermore, their application in environmental monitoring, food safety control, and clinical diagnosis is discussed. The perspective and challenges for advanced MOF-based composites are proposed at the end of this contribution.
Borrelidin has limited anti‐cancer effects in bcl‐2 overexpressing breast cancer and leukemia cells and reveals toxicity in non‐malignant breast epithelial cells

Clinically effective anti‐cancer drugs have to tread a narrow line between selective cytotoxicity on tumor cells and tolerable adverse effects against healthy tissues. This causes the failure of many potential cancer drugs in advanced clinical trials, hence signifying the importance of a comprehensive initial estimate of the cytotoxicity of prospective anti‐cancer drugs in preclinical studies. In this study, the cytotoxicity of borrelidin, a macrolide antibiotic with a high cytotoxic selectivity for proliferating endothelial cells and leukemia cells, was tested on malignant and non‐malignant breast cells. Highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐435) showed promising results and exhibited good sensitivity to borrelidin at low nanomolar concentrations, but borrelidin was cytotoxic to a non‐malignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A) as well. Furthermore, although a high sensitivity of endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HUVEC) and individual leukemia cell lines (Jurkat and IM9) to borrelidin was confirmed in this study, another leukemia cell line (HL60) and an immortalized endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) displayed a significantly decreased sensitivity. Reduced sensitivity to borrelidin was associated with elevated bcl‐2 expression in these cell lines. In conclusion, the results presented show that borrelidin displays high and selective cytotoxicity against subgroups of cancer cells and endothelial cells, but, owing to its non‐specific toxicity to non‐malignant cells, its clinical application might be restricted because of likely adverse effects and limited efficacy in bcl2‐overexpressing cancer cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutamine Metabolism in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

To quantitate glutamine kinetics in premature infants and determine whether glutamine affects leucine metabolism, 11 very low birth weight (<1250 g) neonates received 4-h i.v. infusions of L-[2H3]leucine and L-[13C5]glutamine, along with orogastric infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine and L-[1-13C]glutamine on the 10th d of life and in the fed state. Patients were receiving parenteral nutrition and were randomized to receive either hypocaloric, enteral preterm formula alone(controls; n = 5), or glutamine (0.2 g·kg-1·d-1 on the day of the study) supplemented formula (GLN; n = 6). The rates of appearance (Ra) of leucine and glutamine, and their rates of splanchnic extraction were determined from isotopic enrichments in plasma at steady state. Leucine release from protein breakdown did not differ between groups (123 ± 51versus 162 ± 94 μmol·kg-1h-1 in the controls and GLN group, respectively). Glutamine de novo synthesis accounted for >80% of overall glutamine Ra, and was similar in both groups (626 ± 177 versus 525 ± 86μmol·kg-1·h-1; NS); 46 ± 16% and 53± 31% of the enteral glutamine underwent first-pass splanchnic extraction in the controls and GLN group, respectively. These findings indicate that the pathways of glutamine de novo synthesis and glutamine utilization in the splanchnic bed are functional in very low birth weight humans by the 10th d of life. Glutamine supplementation provided at low doses on a hypocaloric regimen results in no apparent differences in flux of glutamine or leucine.
Posterior C1 Stabilization Using Superior Lateral Mass as an Entry Point in a Case With Vertebral Artery Anomaly: Technical Case Report

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: This is the first report of using the superior lateral mass as an alternative starting point for C1 posterior screw placement, demonstrating the importance of recognizing vertebral artery (VA) anomaly in deciding the surgical strategy for C1 screw placement. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old man presented with severe neck pain after a fall. Imaging demonstrated an unstable bursting fracture at C4, C1-2 instability, and a subluxation at C2-3. Computed tomography angiography indicated that the persistent first intersegmental artery was located on the left side. The patient underwent anterior-posterior cervical fixation and fusion. Posterior C1 fixation was done with polyaxial screw rod construct using C1 superior lateral mass on the left side and C1 inferior lateral mass on the right side. The patient had no immediate postoperative deficits. At the 8-month follow-up examination, the patient was neurologically intact with a solid cervical fusion. CONCLUSION: The third segment of the VA is heterogeneous; therefore, preoperative radiologic studies should be performed to identify any anatomical variations. Using preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography, we can precisely identify an anomalous VA, thereby significantly reducing the risk of VA injury. To avoid significant morbidities associated with VA injury, a more optimal entry point for C1 fixation can be selected if a persistent first intersegmental artery or fenestrated VA is detected.
Optimal position for plate fixation of complex fractures of the proximal radius: a cadaver study.

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal postion for plate fixation in complex fractures of the proximal radius in which head and neck dissociation occurs. DESIGN Technical study. SETTING Tertiary referral center, teaching hospital, U.S. military. SUBJECTS Five preserved cadavers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Radioulnar impingement and proximity to neurovascular structures were directly measured in elbows plated in each of three positions: neutral, full pronation, and full supination. RESULTS Application of the 2.0-millimeter T-plate to the lateral aspect of the radial head and neck with the forearm in neutral position had no impingement, whereas application in full pronation resulted in loss of the last 30 degrees of supination. Plate application in full supination resulted in the loss of the last 10 degrees of pronation. In addition, there was no impingement when the 2.7-millimeter plate was applied similarily in the neutral position. None of these positions resulted in increased risk to neurovascular structures. CONCLUSIONS The optimal position for plate fixation of complex proximal radius fractures is with the forearm in neutral position, with the plate applied directly lateral. A larger implant, 2.7 millimeters, may be used if this technique is followed without further risk of impingement and loss of motion.
Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Exert Both Pro- and Anti-apoptotic Effects in Mesenchymal Cells*

During bone formation, multipotential mesenchymal cells proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts, and subsequently many die because of apoptosis. Evidence suggests that the receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), the PTH-1 receptor (PTH-1R), plays an important role in this process. Multipotential mesenchymal cells (C3H10T1/2) transfected with normal or mutant PTH-1Rs and MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were used to explore the roles of PTH, PTHrP, and the PTH-1R in cell viability relative to osteoblastic differentiation. Overexpression of wild-type PTH-1R increased cell numbers and promoted osteocalcin gene expression versus inactivated mutant receptors. Furthermore, the effects of PTH and PTHrP on apoptosis were dramatically dependent on cell status. In preconfluent C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 cells, PTH and PTHrP protected against dexamethasone-induced reduction in cell viability, which was dependent on cAMP activation. Conversely, PTH and PTHrP resulted in reduced cell viability in postconfluent cells, which was also dependent on cAMP activation. Further, the proapoptotic-like effects were associated with an inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. These data suggest that parathyroid hormones accelerate turnover of osteoblasts by promoting cell viability early and promoting cell departure from the differentiation program later in their developmental scheme. Both of these actions occur at least in part via the protein kinase A pathway.
Semantic Enrichment for Building Information Modeling

Significant difficulties remain in exchanging information between building information modeling (BIM) tools. The industry foundation classes (IFC) exchange schema is too generic to capture the full semantic meaning needed for direct use by different construction project stakeholders’ BIM tools. Although BIM standards that prescribe model view definitions (MVD) for domain‐specific exchanges are under development, insufficient semantic definition of exchanges prevents achievement of the full potential of BIM through seamless interoperability. We propose an innovative approach for supplementing an IFC exchange file with semantically useful concepts inferred from the explicit and implicit information contained in the building model. A prototype software was implemented to test the applicability of the approach. It consists of a rule‐processing engine and allows composition of inference rule‐sets that can be tailored for different domains. The tests demonstrate semantic enrichment with precast concrete building models, adding inferred joint, slab aggregation and connection concepts.
Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B: a journey into unexplored territory

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive‐strand RNA virus that replicates its genome in a membrane‐associated replication complex. Nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) induces the specific membrane alteration, designated as membranous web (MW), that harbours this complex. HCV NS4B is an integral membrane protein predicted to comprise four transmembrane segments in its central part. The N‐terminal part comprises two amphipathic α‐helices of which the second has the potential to traverse the membrane bilayer, likely upon oligomerisation. The C‐terminal part comprises a predicted highly conserved α‐helix, a membrane‐associated amphipathic α‐helix and two reported palmitoylation sites. NS4B interacts with other viral nonstructural proteins and has been reported to bind viral RNA. In addition, it was found to harbour an NTPase activity. Finally, NS4B has recently been found to have a role in viral assembly. Much work needs to be done with respect to further dissecting these multiple functions as well as providing a refined membrane topology and complete structure of NS4B. Progress in this direction should yield important insights into the functional architecture of the HCV replication complex and may reveal new opportunities for antiviral intervention against a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No Doubt About It: When Doubtful Role Models Undermine Men's and Women's Math Performance Under Threat

ABSTRACT Past work has shown that female role models are effective buffers against stereotype threat. The present research examines the boundary conditions of this role model effect. Specifically, we argue that female role models should avoid expressing doubt about their math abilities; otherwise they may cease to buffer women from stereotype threat. For men, a non-doubtful male role model should be seen as threatening, thus harming performance. A doubtful male role model, however, should be seen as non-threatening, thus allowing men to perform up to their ability in math. To test this reasoning, men and women were exposed to either an outgroup or ingroup role model who either expressed doubt or did not. Participants then took a math exam under stereotype threat conditions. As expected, doubtful ingroup role models hurt women, but helped men's performance. Outgroup role models' expressed doubt had no differential effect on performance. We also show that expressions of doubt take on a different meaning when expressed by a female rather than a male role model.
Effect of high-voltage electrode geometry on energy deposition into exploding wire in vacuum

Based on electrical and optical diagnostics and electrostatic calculations, the relationship between distribution of radial electric field and energy deposition of electrically exploded wires in vacuum was investigated. Copper plates with different diameters were used to modify the distribution of radial electric field along wire surface in the experiments. The calculated radial electric field showed good consistency with the wire core outline in optical images, and there is a saturated positive correlation between maximum specific energy (Esm) and averaged radial field strength over the wire length. It can be concluded that the direction and amplitude of radial electric field significantly affects Esm and dominates the structure of energy deposition.
Quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from gated 99mTc‐MIBI SPECT: MRI validation of the exini heart software package

The aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of the exini heart software (exini) package in assessing left ventricular end‐diastolic/systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) from gated 99mTc‐MIBI single‐photon emission tomography (SPECT). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was used as reference. Furthermore, effects of perfusion defects and image quality in SPECT on correlation between gated SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated.