Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bauschinger effect in thin metal films : Discrete dislocation dynamics study

The effects of dislocation climb on plastic deformation during loading and unloading are studied using a two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics model. Simulations are performed for polycrystalline thin films passivated on both surfaces. Dislocation climb lowers the overall level of the stress inside thin films and reduces the work hardening rate. Climb decreases the density of dislocations in pile-ups and reduces back stresses. These factors result in a smaller Bauschinger effect on unloading compared to simulations without climb. As dislocations continue to climb at the onset of unloading and the dislocation density continues to increase, the initial unloading slope increases with decreasing unloading rate. Because climb disperses dislocations, fewer dislocations are annihilated during unloading, leading to a higher dislocation density at the end of the unloading step.
An unsupervised heterogeneous log-based framework for anomaly detection

Log analysis is a method to identify intrusions at the host or network level by scrutinizing the log events recorded by the operating systems, applications, and devices. Most work contemplates a single type of log for analysis, leading to an unclear picture of the situation and difficulty in deciding the existence of an intrusion. Moreover, most existing detection methods are knowledge-depend i.e. using either the characteristics of an anomaly or the baseline of normal traffic behavior, which limits the detection process to only anomalies based on the acquired knowledge. To discover a wide range of anomalies by scrutinizing various logs, this paper presents a new unsupervised framework, UHAD, which uses a two-step strategy to cluster the log events and then uses altering threshold to reduce the volume of events for analysis. The events from heterogeneous logs are assembled together into a common format and are analyzed based on their features to identify anomalies. Clustering accuracy of K-means, expectation-maxi and farthest �rst were compared and the impact of clustering was captured in all the subsequent phases. Even though log events pass through several phases in UHAD before being concluded as anomalous, experiments have shown that the selection of the clustering algorithm and theltering threshold signicantly inuences the decision. The framework detected the majority of anomalies by relating the events from heterogeneous logs. Specically, the usage of K-means and expectation- maximization supported the framework to detect an average of 87.26% and 85.24% anomalous events respectively with various subsets.
Contextinator - Project-based Management of Personal Information on the Web

The web browser is a central workspace for knowledge workers, where they use cloud-based applications to access their information. While this solution fits nicely within our diverse ecosystem of devices, it may reintroduce and proliferate faults of the desktop, particularly information fragmentation. Information fragmentation is an increasingly important issue on the cloud as information is typically silo-ed within different applications. This results in users replicating storage and organization due to the lack of a unifying structure. As cloud applications become more rich, the need to investigate whether these faults of the past are still problematic becomes more important. To probe this question we created Contextinator, a tool for the web browser that assists in coordinating data for projects. Contextinator enables knowledge workers to manage cloud-based information and project artifacts in a centralized place, providing a unifying structure. In this paper, we discuss the design of our system, and the results of our mixed-method evaluation. Our findings contribute insight into the need for, and appropriateness of, projects as unifying structures for the web. Our results point to two types of projects we call ‘preparatory’ and ‘opportunistic’ based on when and why users create them.
Border crossing

Contemporary social policy debates on community cohesion in the UK appear to have very prescribed identities for migrants centred around concepts of ‘Britishness’, having ‘common values’ and one national language, that is, English, for their successful integration. This paper draws on an empirical study of the integration and identity experiences of overseastrained South Asian Doctors in the UK. The study involved in-depth interviews with 27 overseas-trained South Asian doctors practising as general practitioners (GPs) in three geographical locales with varying ethnic density and urban/rural mix in the UK. The study set out to explore how this group of highly skilled migrants integrated into the UK society, perceived their identities and whether they had acquired a sense of belonging to Britain. The key concepts examined included identity, context of migration, structural and socio-cultural integration. Their narratives show that while they drew on certain sections of British society for recognition and realisation of opportunity by embedding themselves in local social contexts, they also drew strength from their own religious/cultural and linguistic resources. This included engaging with the revolutionary writings of their own poets and scholars as a way of creative thinking, innovating and dealing with adversity. In addition to the adaptation, dealing with adversity in the UK and cohesion among the South Asian professional diaspora, the evidence shows that South Asian languages have played a significant role in maintaining transnational identities.
Long-term results of uterine artery embolization for symptomatic adenomyosis.

OBJECTIVE Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the management of symptomatic adenomyosis. The aim our study was to determine the long-term clinical efficacy of UAE in the management of symptomatic adenomyosis without fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cases of all patients who underwent UAE for adenomyosis without fibroids between 1998 and 2000 were analyzed. This study was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Of the 66 patients, 54 patients with a follow-up period of 3 years or longer were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. The patients' ages ranged from 29 to 49 years (mean, 40.2 years). The mean follow-up period was 4.9 years (range, 3.5-5.8 years). The primary embolic agent was polyvinyl alcohol particles (250-710 microm). All patients underwent MRI before UAE. Long-term follow-up MRI was performed on 29 patients; 22 of these patients had undergone short-term (3.5 months) follow-up MRI. Uterine volume was calculated with MR images. Symptom status in terms of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea was scored on a scale of 0-10, 0 being no symptoms and 10 being the baseline, or initial symptoms. RESULTS Thirty-one (57.4%) of the 54 women who underwent follow-up had long-term success. Four had immediate treatment failure, and 19 had relapses. Changes in mean menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea scores at long-term follow-up were -5.3 and -5.1, respectively (p < 0.001), representing significant relief of symptoms. The time between UAE and recurrence of symptoms ranged from 4 to 48 months (mean, 17.3 months). Five patients underwent hysterectomy because of symptom recurrence. Mean reduction in volume of the uterus was 26.3% at short-term follow-up and 27.4% at long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION We found that UAE is effective in the management of symptomatic adenomyosis and has an acceptable long-term success rate. UAE should be considered a primary treatment method for patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. However, all patients should be given an explanation of the possibility of treatment failure, recurrence, and the need for hysterectomy.
CIND and MCI in the Italian elderly

Objective: To estimate prevalence and progression to dementia of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and relative subtypes, evaluating the relationships with daily functioning, cardiovascular diseases and vascular risk factors. Methods: We evaluated CIND and MCI in the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. The neuropsychological battery assessed global cognitive function, memory and attention. Two thousand eight hundred thirty participants were examined at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.9 ± 0.7 years. Results: The prevalence was 9.5% for CIND and 16.1% for MCI. Prevalence rates for CIND subtypes were 1.8% for amnestic, 2.3% for single nonmemory, 1.5% for multidomain, and 3.9% for CIND defined only on global cognitive function. The prevalence was 7.0% for amnestic, 7.8% for single nonmemory, and 1.3% for multidomain MCI. Incidence of dementia (per 1,000 person-years) was 7.63 in the total sample, 21.37 in CIND, and 13.59 in MCI. In MCI, rates ranged from 8.74 in amnestic to 40.60 in multidomain subtype. The highest incidence of 56.02 per 1,000 person-years was found in multidomain CIND. Both CIND and MCI increased by almost three times the risk of dementia at follow-up. Among baseline variables, only previous stroke and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living significantly increased the risk of dementia at follow-up. Conclusions: Both cognitive impairment, no dementia and mild cognitive impairment are frequent in the Italian elderly (2,955,000 prevalent cases expected) and significantly predict progression to dementia. Individuation of subgroups with different risk factors and transition rates to dementia is required to plan early and cost-effective interventions.
Platelet mean volume, distribution width, and count in type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and metabolic syndrome: a meta‐analysis

Platelet activation contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre‐diabetic conditions. Mean platelet volume is an easy‐to‐measure platelet parameter that has been associated with CVD. We sought to assess mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet count in T2DM, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and metabolic syndrome.
Role of HPC 2 / ELAC 2 in Hereditary Prostate Cancer 1

The HPC2/ELAC2 gene on chromosome 17p was recently identified as a candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). To confirm these findings, we screened 300 prostate cancer patients (2 affected members/ family) from 150 families with HPC for potential germ-line mutations using conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis, followed by direct sequence analysis. The minimum criteria for our families with HPC was the presence of 3 affected men with prostate cancer. A total of 23 variants were identified, including 13 intronic and 10 exonic changes. Of the 10 exonic changes, 1 truncating mutation was identified, a Glu216Stop nonsense mutation. This nonsense variant was found in 2 of 3 affected men in a single family. The remaining nine alterations included five missense, three silent, and one variant in the 3 untranslated region. To additionally test for potential associations of polymorphic variants and increased risk for disease, we genotyped two common polymorphisms, Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr, in 446 prostate cancer patients from 164 families with HPC and 502 population-based controls. The frequency of the Leu217 variant was similar for patients (32.3%) and controls (31.8%), as was the frequency of the Thr541 variant (5.4% among patients versus 5.2% among controls). In contrast to previous reports, we found no association of the joint effects of Leu271 and Thr541 (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.89). Overall, our results did not reveal any association between these two common polymorphisms and the risk for HPC. The finding of a nonsense mutation in the HPC2/ELAC2 gene confirms its potential role in genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. However, our data also suggest that germ-line mutations of the HPC2/ELAC2 are rare in HPC and that the variants Leu217 and Thr541 do not appear to influence the risk for HPC. Cumulatively, these results suggest that alterations within the HPC2/ELAC2 gene play a limited role in genetic susceptibility to HPC.
Racial differences in the relation between blood pressure and insulin resistance.

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and the concomitant compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, reports on the relation between insulin and blood pressure are inconsistent. This study was designed to investigate the possibility of racial differences in this relation. METHODS We studied 116 Pima Indians, 53 whites, and 42 blacks who were normotensive and did not have diabetes; the groups were comparable with respect to mean age (29, 30, and 31 years, respectively) and blood pressure (113/70, 111/68, and 113/68 mm Hg, respectively). Insulin resistance was determined by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique during low-dose (40 mU per square meter of body-surface area per minute) and high-dose (400 mU per square meter per minute) insulin infusions. RESULTS The Pima Indians had higher fasting plasma insulin concentrations than the whites or blacks (176, 138, and 122 pmol per liter, respectively; P = 0.002) and lower rates of whole-body glucose disposal during both the low-dose (12.7, 17.1, and 19.5 mmol per minute; P less than 0.001) and the high-dose (38.0, 43.1, and 45.7 mmol per minute; P less than 0.001) insulin infusions. After adjustment for age, sex, body weight, and percentage of body fat, mean blood pressure (calculated as 1/3 systolic pressure + 2/3 diastolic pressure) was significantly correlated with the fasting plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.42) and the rate of glucose disposal during the low-dose (r = -0.41) and high-dose (r = -0.49) insulin infusions (P less than 0.01 for each) in whites, but not in Pima Indians (r = -0.06, -0.02, and -0.04, respectively) or blacks (r = -0.10, -0.04, and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The relations between insulinemia, insulin resistance, and blood pressure differ among racial groups and may be mediated by mechanisms active in whites, but not in Pima Indians or blacks.
COMPARISON OF SERUM AND LUNG EXTRACTS FOR SURVEYS OF WILD ANIMALS FOR ANTIBODIES TO FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS BIOVAR PALAEARCTICA

A comparative study of the antibody titer against Francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica in serum and lung extract was made using different immunoassays. Samples were taken from experimentally-infected goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and European beavers (Castor fiber), and in a held survey of wild beavers. Good accordance between the antibody titer in serum and in lung extract was found in the experimental studies. However, the antibody titer was generally one- to three-fold lower in lung extract than was the titer of serum. Results in the field survey were less reliable. Estimating antibody titer in lung extract is a practical method for surveys for antibody levels, and an alternative to serological surveys, despite lower sensitivity as compared to serum.
In vivo vascularization of cell sheets provided better long‐term tissue survival than injection of cell suspension

Cell sheets have shown a remarkable ability for repairing damaged myocardium in clinical and preclinical studies. Although they demonstrate a high degree of viability as engrafted cells in vivo, the reason behind their survivability is unclear. In this study, the survival and vascularization of rat cardiac cell sheets transplanted in the subcutaneous tissue of athymic rats were investigated temporally. The cell sheets showed significantly higher survival than cell suspensions for up to 12 months, using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system to detect luciferase‐positive transplanted cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) assay also showed a smaller number of apoptotic cells in the cell sheets than in the cell suspensions at 1 day. Rapid vascular formation and maturation were observed inside the cell sheets using an in vivo imaging system. Leaky vessels appeared at 6 h, red blood cells flowing through functional vessels appeared at 12 h, and morphologically matured vessels appeared at 7 days. In addition, immunostaining of cell sheets with nerve/glial antigen‐2 (NG2) showed that vessel maturity increased over time. Interestingly, these results correlated with the dynamics of cell sheet mRNA expression. Genes related to endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation, migration and vessel sprouting were highly expressed within 1 day, and genes related to pericyte recruitment and vessel maturation were highly expressed at 3 days or later. This suggested that the cell sheets could secrete appropriate angiogenic factors in a timely way after transplantation, and this ability might be a key reason for their high survival. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiratory responses of piglets to hypercapnia during postnatal development: Effects of opioids

Resting respiratory and cardiovascular functions and the response to CO2 rebreathing were compared between 2.5 ± 0.7 (mean ± SE) and 34.1 ± 1.9 day old piglets, before and after the opioid antagonist naltrexone (1 mg/kg IV). At rest, tidal volume, both absolute and per m2, inspiratory and expiratory time, absolute minute ventilation, and mean arterial pressure increased with age, and breathing frequency, minute ventilation per m2, and heart rate decreased, all of these with as well as without naltrexone. During hypercapnia, the pattern, but not the quantitative aspects of breathing changed with age.
Belief Contagion : Susceptibility to Others ’ Beliefs in Canis familiaris By

Young infants’ successful performance on false belief tasks has led researchers to argue there may be a core knowledge system for representing the beliefs of other agents. One way to investigate this purported core belief representation system is to examine whether other species share such a system. Belief representation and theory of mind has traditionally been investigated in nonhuman primates, particularly chimpanzees and rhesus macaques. However, non-primate species, such as domesticated dogs, are also viable candidates for such a cognitive capacity, as dogs share humans’ social environment and have developed special cognitive abilities due to their co-evolution with humans via domestication. Prior research in canine theory of mind is limited, with inconclusive and contradictory results. Little work has explored how canines perform on more automatic measures of belief representation and processing. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate theory of mind in dogs using a searching time paradigm as part of a novel false belief task. Kovacs et al.’s (2010) test of automatic belief representation was modified to examine whether domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris) automatically represent and are influenced by agents’, specifically their owners’, beliefs when tracking an object’s location. Dogs and their owners observed a sequences of events in which treats were place in or removed from a bucket filled with shredded paper. By blocking visual access to the treat’s movement for either the dog, the owner or both, the dogs’ belief (true or false) and owners’ belief (true or false) about the final number of treats in the bucket were manipulated. No statistically significant main effect of dog belief, no main effect of owner belief and no interaction between dog and owner belief were found. These findings suggest automatic belief representation and contagion may be an aspect of core knowledge unique to humans.
Comparison of Eyemetrics and Orbscan automated method to determine horizontal corneal diameter

Purpose: To compare horizontal corneal diameter measurements using the Orbscan Eyemetrics function and Orbscan corneal topographer. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three eyes of 37 patients were included in the study. In all cases, the automated white-to-white (WTW) measurements were obtained using Orbscan by two observers. Using the Eyemetrics function, the WTW was measured manually by the same observers from limbus to limbus using the digital caliper passing through the five point corneal reflections on the Orbscan real image. The data was analyzed using SPSS software for correlation, reliability and inter-rater repeatability. Results: The mean horizontal corneal diameter was 11.74 ± 0.32mm (SD) with the Orbscan and 11.92 ± 0.33mm (SD) with Eyemetrics Software-based measurement. A good positive correlation (Spearman r = 0.720, P = 0.026) was found between these two measurements. The coefficient of inter-rater repeatability was 0.89 for the Orbscan and 0.94 for the Eyemetrics software measurements on the anterior segment images. The Bland and Altman analysis showed large limits of agreement between Orbscan WTW and Eyemetrics WTW measurements. The intra-session repeatability scores for repeat measurements for the Orbscan WTW and Eyemetrics measurements were good. Conclusion: Eyemetrics can be used to measure WTW and the Eyemetrics measured WTW was longer than the WTW measured by Orbscan.
The Pruned State-Space System for Non-Linear DSGE Models: Theory and Empirical Applications

This paper studies the pruned state-space system for higher-order approximations to the solutions of DSGE models. For second- and third-order approximations, we derive the statistical properties of this system and provide closed-form expressions for first and second unconditional moments and impulse response functions. Thus, our analysis introduces GMM estimation for DSGE models approximated up to third-order and provides the foundation for indirect inference and SMM when simulation is required. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach by estimating a New Keynesian model with habits and Epstein-Zin preferences by GMM when using first and second unconditional moments of macroeconomic and financial data and by SMM when using additional third and fourth unconditional moments and non-Gaussian innovations.
CoNLL-2012 Shared Task: Modeling Multilingual Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes

The CoNLL-2012 shared task involved predicting coreference in three languages -- English, Chinese and Arabic -- using OntoNotes data. It was a follow-on to the English-only task organized in 2011. Until the creation of the OntoNotes corpus, resources in this subfield of language processing have tended to be limited to noun phrase coreference, often on a restricted set of entities, such as ACE entities. OntoNotes provides a large-scale corpus of general anaphoric coreference not restricted to noun phrases or to a specified set of entity types and covering multiple languages. OntoNotes also provides additional layers of integrated annotation, capturing additional shallow semantic structure. This paper briefly describes the OntoNotes annotation (coreference and other layers) and then describes the parameters of the shared task including the format, pre-processing information, evaluation criteria, and presents and discusses the results achieved by the participating systems. Being a task that has a complex evaluation history, and multiple evalation conditions, it has, in the past, been difficult to judge the improvement in new algorithms over previously reported results. Having a standard test set and evaluation parameters, all based on a resource that provides multiple integrated annotation layers (parses, semantic roles, word senses, named entities and coreference) that could support joint models, should help to energize ongoing research in the task of entity and event coreference.