Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt

The quality and suitability of boreholes water quality in the Rivers State University of Science and Technology were assessed for potability and irrigation purposes by analyzing the water for physico-chemical parameters, microbial contents and irrigation indices using standard methods. The results obtained were compared with permissible limits for drinking water provided by World Health Organization and Standard Organization of Nigeria The results showed pH ranged from 4.09 - 6.77 at 26.4 - 30.3°C, Turbidity <0.01 NTU in all the samples, Electrical Conductivity 20 - 407 mS/cm, Salinity <0.01 - 0.20‰,TDS 12 - 274 mg/l, Chloride <1.0 - 12.3 mg/l, Sulphate <1.0 - 15.5 mg/l, Phosphate <0.05 - 1.9 mg/l, Nitrate 0.30 - 6.20 mg/l, Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 2 - 8 mg/l, Total Hardness <0.1-34.6 mg/l, Calcium <0.08 - 9.2 mg/l, Magnesium <0.05 - 2.8 mg/l, Sodium <0.01 - 44.62 mg/l and Potassium <0.01 - 11.88 mg/l. The results of microbial analyses showed Total Heterotrophic Bacteria population ranged from Nil - 3000 cfu/ml, Total Coliform Bacteria 0 - 210 MPN/100ml while Faecal Coliform Bacteria were not present in all the samples. The Groundwater within the University is fresh, soft and has low pH. The water in some parts had high microbial count and therefore not suitable for drinking. The ground water in the area should be regularly monitored and treated to avoid serious pollution problems. The irrigation indices showed the water is suitable for irrigation and other purposes.
Subaperture autofocus for synthetic aperture radar

A subaperture autofocus algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) partitions range-compressed phase-history data collected over a full aperture into equal-width subapertures. Application of a one-dimensional Fourier transform to each range bin converts each subaperture data set into a full-scene image (map). Any linear phase difference, or phase ramp, between a pair of subapertures expresses itself as cross-range drift in their maps. A traditional autofocus algorithm fits a polynomial to inferred equal-width phase ramps. If the true phase error function contains significant high-order components, then polynomial regression generates a poor estimate of the phase error function. Instead of filling a polynomial, we fit a sinusoidal function through the inferred phase ramps. An example with a degraded SAR image shows how a sinusoidal correction improves image quality. We compare lower bounds on mean squared error (MSE) for polynomial and sinusoidal parameterizations. Sinusoidal parameterization reduces MSE significantly for model orders greater than five. >
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Influenced the Age Onset of Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND Earlier studies reported alterations of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD). The first rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan dioxygenase were observed upregulated, resulting elevated KYN/TRP ratios in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with PD. More and more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in a population of PD. However, little is known about the impact of genetic variations of the IDO on the pathogenesis of PD. METHODS SNP analysis of IDO1 was performed by allelic discrimination assay with fluorescently labelled TaqMan probes and a subgroup analysis was conducted according to the age of PD onset. The frame shifts variant rs34155785, intronic variant rs7820268, and promotor region variant rs9657182 SNPs of 105 PD patients without comorbidity were analyzed and compared to 129 healthy controls. RESULTS No significant correlation was found in three SNPs between PD patients and healthy controls. However, the subgroup analysis revealed that A alleles of rs7820268 SNP or rs9657182 SNP carriers contribute to later onset of PD than non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that SNPs of IDO1 influenced the age onset of PD and genotyping of SNPs in certain alleles potentially serves as a risk biomarker of PD.
Deciphering the metabolism/vascularization regional interlinks in primary NSCLC First-in human simultaneous full kinetic 18F-FDG PET-MRI voxel-wise analysis

Objectives: To decipher the metabolism/vascularization regional interlinks in NSCLC, by using full dynamic simultaneous 18F-FDG PET-MRI voxel-wise analysis. Material and methods: Fourteen treatment-naïve patients with biopsy proven NSCLC prospectively underwent a one-hour dynamic 18F-FDG thoracic PET-MRI including DCE. The PET and DCE data were normalized to a reference space, and masked semi-automatically. Full kinetic voxelwise parametric maps were computed by fitting the PET and DCE tumor data to state-of-the-art Sokoloff and Extended Tofts models respectively, by using in-house procedures. Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) between all the tumors kinetic parameters were estimated on a voxelwise basis, both at the whole dataset and tumor levels.Results: At the whole dataset level, the estimated K1, k2, k3, MRGlu and vb median values (IQR) were 0.25ml. min-1.ml-1 (0.17-0.33), 0.68 min-1 (0.48-1.02), 0.11 min-1 (0.07-0.2), 0.20 μmol. ml-1.min-1 (0.13-0.29) and 0.08 a.u (0.05-0.10). The estimated Ktrans, ve, Kep and vp median values (IQR) were 0.44 min-1 (0.14-0.92), 0.64 a.u (0.24-1.0), 0.79 min-1 (0.44-1.3), and 0.04 a.u (0.0007-0.19). At the whole dataset level, all the PET/DCE regional interlinks were weak (|rs| <0.4). At the tumor level, high heterogeneity was observed: 8 tumors showed weak (|rs| <0.4) to moderate (0.4≤ |rs| <0.7) PET/DCE regional interlinks, 5 tumors showed weak to strong interlinks, and 1 tumor showed moderate to strong interlinks. Conclusion: Metabolism/vascularization regional interlinks assessed with dynamic 18F-FDG PET-MRI are spatially and individually heterogeneous in NSCLC. In the era of precision medicine, PET-MRI has unique capability to go further insight the individual regional tumor being in NSCLC.
Application of STATCOMs to wind farms

Effective reactive power control in distribution networks can have an important influence on the level of embedded generation that is acceptable and on the costs of its connection. A comprehensive study was undertaken to investigate how STATCOMs could be used with fixed-speed wind turbines, which use induction generators, to improve both the steady-state and dynamic impact of a wind farm on the network. An optimal power flow model based on loss minimisation was developed and used to show that operation of a wind farm at unity power factor is unlikely to allow maximum penetration of wind energy into a weak distribution circuit. The results of the electromagnetic simulations showed that the use of a STATCOM improves the steady-state stability limits of the network. They also showed that the use of a STATCOM with an appropriately designed control strategy can prevent damaging overvoltages that may occur under islanding conditions. The results also demonstrated that a STATCOM can be used to mitigate voltage fluctuations at blade passing frequency, which may occur if the rotors of a number of wind turbines fall into synchronism.
Prioritising Socio-Economic Rights in Sovereign Debt Governance: The Obligations of Private Creditors

SUMMARY Over the past few decades, sovereign debt crises have become recurring phenomena across the world. Studies have shown the devastating impacts of these crises on the realisation of socio- economic rights. Sovereign debtors constantly face an “obligatory dilemma” of simultaneously satisfying multiple contractual and treaty obligations owed to different constituencies, including to their citizens and private creditors. Unfortunately, there is currently no binding legal framework to deal with sovereign debt crises and, consequently, creditors are unwilling to compromise. Therefore, using Waldron’s theory of socio-economic rights, this article argues for the prioritisation of socio-economic rights considerations during debt crises. It observes a convergence between the areas of business and human rights and sovereign debt restructuring regimes and suggests the employment of the former to achieve this prioritisation. This can be done by taking advantage of the efforts to develop a binding instrument on business and human rights.
Characterizations of Fully Constrained Poses of Parallel Cable-Driven Robots: A Review

The pose of the mobile platform of a parallel cable-driven robot is said to be fully constrained if any wrench can be created at the platform by pulling on it with the cables. A fully constrained pose is also known as a force-closure pose. In this paper, a review of three useful characterizations of a force-closure pose is proposed. These characterizations are stated in the form of theorems for which proofs are presented. Tools from linear algebra allow to derive some of these proofs while the others are more difficult and can hardly be obtained in this manner. Therefore, polyhedral cones, which are special cases of convex cones, are introduced along with some of their well-known fundamental properties. Then, it is shown how the aforementioned difficult proofs can be obtained as direct consequences of these properties.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Statistical Theory of Machine Tool Stability

Machine tool chatter is essentially a statistical phenomenon. The dynamic characteristics of the machine tool structure as well as the dynamic coefficients of the cutting process are statistical quantities that show scatter when determined in repeated tests. In this paper a generalized statistical theory of chatter has been developed. This takes into consideration the scatter of the dynamic data of the machine structure and/or that of the dynamic cutting coefficients. The dynamics of the cutting process has been presented by a mathematical model, based on deriving the cutting coefficients from steady state cutting data. The dynamics of the machine tool structure and the cutting process, being input to the theory, were determined experimentally. At the thresholds of stability, the statistical variations due to the dynamic cutting coefficients amount to ±17 per cent at the 99 per cent confidence level, while the statistical variations due to the structure dynamics amount to ±5.2 per cent only, at the same confidence levels. Therefore the predicted thresholds of stability can be specified only in terms of mean values with confidence limits.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Joint Spacing on Fragmentation Modes and Penetration Rate under TBM Disc Cutters

Joint spacing is one of the significant factors affecting the rock fragmentation by TBM cutters. Based on laboratory test, the effect of joint spacing on the fragmentation modes and penetration under TBM disc cutters is studied. In the test, two kinds of concrete with different strengths are adopted to simulate rock sample. The joint spacing varies from 50mm, 80mm, 200mm and the intact samples are also tested for comparison. Firstly, four kinds of fragmentation modes for single-set jointed rock are found: (1) the crack initiates from the joint plane and propagates to free surface, to form fragmentation chipping. (2) The side crack and median crack initiate beneath the crushed zone and propagate to joint plane to produce chipping. (3) In the rock block indirectly indented by cutter, the crack initiates from the joint plane and propagates to adjacent joint plane to produce chipping. (4) Normal fragmentation mode. Basically, the first two kinds are generally for jointed rock, while the other two kinds are respectively for the jointed rock with small and large joint spacing. Secondly, from the viewpoint of the fragmentation modes, the effect of joint spacing on tunnel face stability is investigated and then compared with field data of Jinping II Hydropower Station. Finally, it is shown that highest penetration rate can be achieved with the joint spacing of 50-80mm, and moreover, joint spacing gives more notable effect on fragmentation of the rock with higher strength.
Development of Lavatory Emergency Detection System using Sensors in Train

In this paper, studied was the application of IT and sensor technology to trains in order to provide safety and convenience for passengers. One of applications is Lavatory Emergency Detection System in a train. Since a lavatory in a train is securely separated space, it is hard to notice an emergency inside of it unless a user sends a request for help. A system that can detect an emergency by using sensors was presented. System requirements were analyzed to design and implement a system. Prototype of the system was made. Then, tests in a laboratory were carried out based on a set of test plan to verify the system functions. Performance was turned out to be very successful. The system developed may have a chance to be installed according to the requirements of specifications of the train to be ordered.
Multisensor Data Fusion and Integration for Mobile Robots: A Review

One of the most important and useful feature of autonomous mobile robots is their ability to adopt themselves to operate in unstructured environment. Today robots are performing autonomously in industrial floor, office environments, as well as in crowded public places where the robots need to maintain their localization and mapping parameters.The basic requirement of an intelligent mobile robot is to develop and maintain localization and mapping parameters to complete the complex missions. In such situations, several difficulties arise in due to the inaccuracies and uncertainties in sensor measurements. Various techniques are there to handle such noises where the multisensor data fusion is not the exceptional one.From the last two decades, multisensor data fusions in mobile robots become a dominant paradigm due to its potential advantages like reduction in uncertainty, increase in accuracy and reliability and reduction of cost.This paper presents the reviews of autonomous mobile robots and role of multisenosr data fusion.
A CFD model for the oil discharge ratio in rotary compressors

The research on oil discharge ratio (ODR) of rotary compressors used for room air conditioners is very important to improve the performance and reliability of the compressors and their systems. This paper presents a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model for the refrigerant gas flow and oil droplet flow within the shell of the compressor, which is used for investigating ODR of the compressor subjected to design changes or under different operating speeds. The geometry of the rotary compressor and its oil separating burden was presented. The CFD simulation is based on the discrete phase model (DPM). The oil droplet size distribution was defined by the Rosin–Rammler diameter distribution method. The boundary conditions of the refrigerant gas and oil droplets were established. Validation of the CFD model has been made by measuring ODR of a rotary compressor used in the high efficiency air room conditioner for different design configurations and an inverter rotary compressor with R410A. The simulation ODRs of the compressor agree within 11% of the experimental-measured ODRs. The ODR of compressor could be reduced effectively by some technique.
Deposition of light-absorbing particles in glacier snow of the Sunderdhunga Valley, the 
southern forefront of Central Himalaya

Abstract. Anthropogenic activities on the Indo-Gangetic Plain emit vast amounts of light-absorbing particles (LAP) into the atmosphere, modifying the atmospheric radiation scheme. With transport to the nearby Himalayan mountains and deposition to its surfaces the particles contribute to glacier and snowmelt via darkening of the highly reflective snow. The Central Himalayas have been identified as a region where LAP are especially pronounced in glacier snow, but still remain a region where measurements of LAP in the snow are scarce. Here we study the deposition of LAP in five snow pits sampled in 2016 (and one from 2015) from two glaciers in the Sunderdhunga valley, state of Uttarakhand, India, Central Himalaya. The snow pits display a distinct melt layer interleaved by younger snow above, and older snow below. The LAP exhibit a large vertical distribution in these different snow layers. For the analyzed elemental carbon (EC), the younger snow layers in the different pits show similarities, and can be characterized by a deposition constant of about 50 µg m−2 mm−1 while the old snow layers also indicate similar values, and can be described with deposition constant of roughly 150 µg m−2 mm−1. The melt layer, contrarily, display no similar trends between the pits. Instead, it is characterized by very high amounts of LAP, and differ in orders of magnitude for concentration between the pits. The melt layer is likely a result of strong melting that took place during the summers of 2015 and 2016. The mineral dust fractional absorption is slightly below 50 % for the young and old snow layer, whereas in the melt layer is the dominating light absorbing constituent, thus, highlighting the importance of dust in the region. Our results indicate the problems with complex topography in the Himalaya, but nonetheless, can be useful in large-scale assessments of LAP in Himalayan snow.
Road Safety as a Shared Responsibility and a Public Problem in Swedish Road Safety Policy

Sweden’s road safety policy, Vision Zero, seeks to eliminate deaths and serious injuries from traffic crashes, and it recognizes that the bottleneck in improving road safety is displacing mobility as the main priority of the road transportation system. This analysis considers the theory and practice of Vision Zero, first interpreting its proposed changes to responsibility for road safety, and then examining how it has been implemented. The research methods include document analyses, field observations, and interviews with Swedish safety practitioners. This study found that Vision Zero’s main innovation is its explicit call for experts to have causal responsibility for injuries. Moreover, Vision Zero expands the responsibility attributed to road users, who are called on to voice demand for safety improvements to civil servants and elected officials. However, Vision Zero also needed to create institutions through which experts could be accountable for their new causal responsibility, and it needed to support popular organizing around traffic injury prevention. I suggest that a major limitation to increasing the status of road safety as a public problem is that it is generally understood as a private problem and changing this perception through policy requires a more deeply engaged public process.
An Extended Cox Prognostic Model of ER/PR+ and HER2− Breast Cancer Patients

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore a new ER/PR+ and HER2− breast cancer prognostic model called the extended Cox prognostic model by us for determining the cut-off values for multiple continuous prognostic factors and their interaction via the new modeling idea and variable selection method. Methods: A total of 335 patients with ER/PR+, HER2- breast cancer were enrolled for the final analysis. The primary endpoint was breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM). The prognostic factors (histological grade, histological type, stage, T, N, lymphovascular invasion, P53, Ki67, ER, PR, age) were included in this study. The four continuous valuables (Ki67, ER, PR, age) were partitioned into a series of binary variables which all were fitted in the multivariate Cox analysis. A smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) variable selection method was used. Model performance was expressed in discrimination and calibration. Results: We developed an extended Cox model with a time threshold at 164 weeks (more than 3 years) post-operation. We found that the cut-off values for PR, Ki67 and age were 20%, 60% and 41-55 years respectively. There was interaction between age and PR for the patients with age≥41years and PR≥20% after 164 weeks post-operation. The patients with age≥41years and PR≥20% after 164 weeks post-operation had relatively higher mortality than before 164 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: Our study would offer the guidance in the prognosis for the patients with ER/PR+ and HER2− breast cancer in China. The new idea would be one of ideas for modeling and determining the cut-off values of prognostic factors in future.
Modeling, simulation and analysis of controllers for brushless direct current motor drives

Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are widely used in industrial, aerospace, medical, machine tools, aerospace and control applications. Nowadays they are becoming popular due to their advantages such as reduced maintenance, better speed-torque characteristics, good dynamic performance, noiseless operation, wide speed range, compact size, high torque to volume ratio, low moment of inertia and high efficiency. However, very few control techniques are available for controlling the BLDC drive systems. This paper presents a MATLAB simulation of practically realizable control techniques such as a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, a fuzzy controller, an adaptive artificial neural network proportional-integral-derivative (ANN-PID) controller and a pulse width modulation technique based PID controller for achieving better performance during the operating conditions. The simulation results are presented to highlight the effectiveness of these controllers such as speed of response, overshoot and steady-state error etc.
Development of an Autonomous Mobile Robot with Several Sensors using Neuro‐Fuzzy Control Based on Server/Client Model

The purpose of this paper is to detail the development of an autonomous mobile robot and a control support system. The robot has five infrared sensors and three ultrasonic sensors to enable it to follow a ‘ guide person’ with an infrared ray transmitter. The robot will follow the infrared rays emitted by a transmitter with the guide person, and move to the destination. The control system has been developed by the network technology based on server/client model. The advanced control strategy for the autonomous mobile robot is carried out with a high‐speed host server computer connected through the TCP/IP network. Therefore, it is enough for the CPU of the robot to be of low speed. In this paper, the autonomous mobile robot system and the control system using the server/client model are described. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Construction of generalized neural network system for recognizing several non-linear behaviors

Generally, in formulating a spring-mass model for hysteric behavior of materials and members with inelastic characteristic, a mathematical model based on load-deformation experimental results is considered. The model must approximate the inelastic hysteresis of the material. However, assumption of material’s behavior using mathematical models is crucial, since it may cause serious errors if inappropriate model is applied for a particular situation. This paper describes multiple layered neural network to simulate the non-linear hysteretic behavior like Ramberg-Osgood model, modified bilinear model and Takeda model. In this study, based on the pattern recognition ability of neural network, non-linear hysteretic behavior was modeled by the network directly without replacing it with a mathematical model. The effectiveness and applicability of the network in numerical analysis were evaluated. Generalized multiple layered neural network to evaluate non-linear hysteretic curve was constructed. The network can recognize well the three types of hysteretic curve. The network is available as a subroutine of non-linear spring in dynamic response analysis.Copyright © 2003 by ASME