Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Variability of Soil Total Nutrients in a Tobacco Plantation Field in Central China

The spatial variability of soil total nutrient levels, which may be greatly affected by parent material, plays an important role in both agriculture and environment, especially with regard to soil fertility and soil quality. Little research has been done that addresses the spatial characteristics of total nutrients. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were taken from 111 points on an approximately 20-m grid in March 2009 using a global positioning system (GPS) to define sample locations. Sixteen soil total chemical properties were analyzed by classical statistical and geostatistical methods. Soil aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), silicon (Si), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), and vanadium (V) exhibited strong spatial dependence, with the nugget–sill ratios ranging from 3.39% (Na) to 23.53% (Si). Soil barium (Ba), iron (Fe), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) had moderate spatial dependence, with nugget–sill ratios of 3.39% to 23.53%. The spatial correlation distances varied from 15.7 m (Zn) to 286.5 m (Cr). The clearly patchy distributions indicated that significant positive correlations among Al, Ba, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Si, Ti, and V led to strong positional similarity. The interpolated maps of the nutrients showed the spatial distributions of the soil variables, which is helpful for better understanding their spatial variability and delineating the potential agricultural management zone. The soil total nutrient distribution maps could be used as the basis for site-specific fertilizer application to improve quality and increase yield of flue-cured tobacco in the study area.
Ion projection lithography: Status of the MEDEA project and United States/European cooperation

Structure and targets of the European MEDEA project on ion projection lithography as well as related U.S./European cooperation are explained. By assuming 10 μm virtual source size and 1 eV (full width half maximum) energy spread calculations for a multielectrode electrostatic ion–optical system (1.25 m between ion source and stencil mask, ≈1.8 m between mask and wafer) we realize the possibility of 100 nm resolution (line and space) over an exposure field of 22×22 mm2 even when using the MONTEC model for calculating the stochastic blur and when running 3.3 μA He+ ion beam current through the ion–optical column, thus more than twice exceeding target specifications. Thus, for 100 nm resolution and 50% pattern density the raw throughput is ≈12 cm2/s corresponding to >75 WPH (pattern within 80% of 300 mm wafer area).
Membrane Bioreactor for the treatment of natural rubber wastewater

A membrane bioreactor was set up using two pieces of Kubota flat sheet membranes, with nominal pore size of 0.4 ∝m and a total effective area of 0.2 m²atex concentrate processing factory. A steady-state MLSS concentration was attained at 8500 mg/L during biomass acclimatisation. A critical flux of 0.01224 m³/m²h was determined using the flux step method, whereas an optimum operating flux for fouling minimisation was determined from the sub-critical flux region, to be 0.009 m³/m²h at a COD loading of 3500 mg/L. The BOD3 and COD removal efficiencies were 96.78% and 96.99%, respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heavier Group 13 Element Ferrocenophanes: The First Gallium-Bridged [1]Ferrocenophane and an Unusual Indium Species

On the basis of our previous results with aluminum, we herein report the synthesis of the first gallium-bridged [1]ferrocenophane. The attempt to synthesize the respective indium compound resulted in an unusual ferrocenophane containing an In−(μ-Cl)2−In group in the bridging position. All compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structural determination.
Analysis of Various Video Forgery Detection Types and Techniques

- Now a day the automation of technology Video processing tools and techniques are available for altering the Videos for forgery. The modification or changes in current Video is vital to detect since this Video can be used in the authentication process. Therefore the credibility of video must be verified and it is done with the help of forgery detection mechanism. The various video Tampering ways are resampling, copy and move, splicing etc. In this paper techniques used to detect forgery from within the Video are analyzed. The technique analyzed in this literature includes i) inter frame forgery detection ii) intra frame forgery detection iii) object based mechanism iv) pixel based approach Examination of different techniques and expressing best possible mechanism for forgery detection is aim of this literature. Object based and pixel based approaches are of prime concern in most of research work. The object-based approaches uses applications of abstraction and provide different approach to detect maliciousness within video. The pixel-based approach can handle forgery but modification in terms of neighborhood selection must be made for better classification accuracy
Mechanical properties and creep behavior of lyocell fibers by nanoindentation and nano-tensile testing

Abstract Mechanical and time-dependent mechanical properties of lyocell fibers have been investigated as a function of depth at a nano-scale level in longitudinal and transverse directions. The nanoindentation technique was applied and extended to continuous stiffness measurement. Lyo10 and Lyo13 lyocell fibers were investigated. The individual fiber properties were measured using a nano-tensile testing system to obtain reference data for mechanical properties. The hardness and elastic modulus obtained from nanoindentation test are described using two different approaches. The first uses mean values for a depth of 150–300 nm, while the second uses unloading values at the final indentation depth. There is no significant difference between modulus values inferred from nanoindentation and those obtained from single fiber tensile testing. Hardness and elastic modulus values were higher in the longitudinal direction than those in the transverse direction and Lyo13 values were higher than those for Lyo10 in both directions. The time-dependent mechanical properties were also investigated as a function of the holding time. Increasing the holding time led to an increase in indentation displacement and a decrease in hardness. Stress exponents were calculated from the linear relationship between contact stress and contact strain using a power-law creep equation.
CONVERSION OF EPOXIDES INTO 2-HYDROXYETHYL THIOCYANATES WITH NH4SCN IN THE PRESENSE OF 2,6-BIS[2-(O -AMINO PHENOXY)METHYL]-4-BROMO-1-METHOXYBENZENE (BABMB) AS CATALYST

A convenient and efficient procedure for the ring-opening of 1,2-epoxyethanes with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of 2,6-bis[2-(o -aminophenoxy)methyl]-4-bromo-1-methoxybenzene (BABMB) is described. In this study, a reagent and conditions have been discovered with which the individual 2-hydroxyethyl thiocyanates can be synthesized in high yield and with more than 90% regioselectivity. Thus, several 2-hydroxyethyl thiocyanates, useful intermediates toward biological-active molecules, are easily obtained in very good yields.
Introduction of Modified Electronic Parameters - Searching for a Unified Ligand Properties Scale through the Electrophilicity Index Concept

In order to quantify the contribution of mainly, but not only, diimine ligands to the electronic properties of the corresponding complexes, two novel indices, namely modified electronic parameters (ModEP) and electrophilicity, ω, are introduced and discussed in this report. First, we introduce the concept of ModEP, a novel scale relating to the electronic properties of diimine ligands. Mainly on the basis of wellcharacterized M(diimine)(dithiolato) complexes (M = Pt, Pd, or Ni), we derive the contribution of the diimine ligand to the reduction potentials of the complexes, and incorporating its contribution to the main charge-transfer band of the UV/Vis spectra, we obtain our ModEP values. The applicability of the introduced scale to several other classes of diimine compounds (W, Re, and Ru) is then tested. The performance of our scale in predicting the values of the reduction potentials and the position of the charge-transfer bands is very satisfactory. With this approach, some interesting aspects of ligand
Synthesis of Ordered, Uniform, Macroporous Carbons with Mesoporous Walls Templated by Aggregates of Polystyrene Spheres and Silica Particles for Use as Catalyst Supports in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

3 G2 '' 2 2 ' 2 2 ' ' ' @ < @ * ' ; < @ ; 33' 2 " ' 3 * 2 '@ @ ; 2 9 3 2 ''@ 3 * 3' 3' 2 9 7 ' 3 ' 2 '' ' 2 @ ' 8 @ 2 ; 2 ' ' 3 ' 2 ' 9 ''@ ; ' 9 2 3 2 9 2 9 H '@ 2 7 G 7 * 2 < @ ' = 6 ' * 3 2 # * 3' 2 3 2 3 9 '' ; 9 ; 9 '' 3 3 2 < '@ ; ' * 2 9 2 ;; ' ' H < 2 2 3 @ 9 2 ' ' 9 ; 2 ' * @ ; 3' 2 ; < ' ; / ; 3 2 ''@ 3 2 < 3 ' 2 '@ 3 3 ; ' 2 '' , ' 2 2 ' ' @ 2 3 2 B&#%! D 2 '@ 3 '@ G3 * 2 ;; ; ' < 3 ; 3 2 2 3' G 2 2 ' ' ' 3 2 + ' 2 '' ' 2 ; 2 3 ; ; 3 ' ' * 3 < 3 ; 2 ; 2 2 3 ' 2 * '' 9 2 3 2 3 '' ' 3 @ 3' 2 ; ' 2 I 3 '' ' 2 @ 2 * ( ! ' 3 * 2 2 ' ; ''@ 2 2 3 @ < @ 7 @ 3' 3' 2 ; 3 I 2 3 ' 2 ' 2 ;; ' : 9 < 3 2 9 ; 8 9 9 3 ; 2 ; 9 @3 ; 3 2 ''@ ' 3 2 B16+1! D ; 9 9 ''@ 2 2 ; 2 3 @ 2 9 '' /2 9 @ 2 3 2 ; 3 3 * 2 2 ' 3 2 8 ''@ 3 2 < '< G * 3 3 '@ @ 3 9 2 '' ' 3 ; 2 '' ' 2 3 2' 2 3 < '@ 43 * ' @ * ; G 3 3 '@ @ 3 '; ' ' 2 9 '' 2 ' ' 2 3 2' ; 2 3 2 2' '@ 2 9 3 '@ @ 3 ' * ; 3 2 ' ' 2 * ' 3 '@ @ ' 2 / H < ' ; 3 '@ @ ' 2 @ 2 '2 ' < ''@ 2 2 2 3 2 ' 9 3' ** * ; '' ' 2 3 2' ; * 9 '' ; 3 2 '2 ' 3' @ ' ; 2 * ' 2 ; 9 2 @ ' * '@ * * * ' 2 3 2'
Nitriles in heterocyclic synthesis: novel synsthesis of benzo[c]-coumarin and of benzo[c]pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives

Syntheses a partir de methyl-4 oxo-2 chromenecarbonitrile-3 ou de dihydro-5,6 dimethyl-4,6 dioxo-2,5 pyranno [3,2-c] quinoleinecarbonitrile-3, et d'α-cyano ou α-ethoxycarbonyl cinnamonitriles
Laser magnetic resonance in supersonic plasmas: The rotational spectrum of SH+

The rotational spectrum of v=0 and v=1 X 3Σ− SH+ was measured by laser magnetic resonance. Rotationally cold (Tr=30 K), vibrationally excited (Tv=3000 K) ions were generated in a corona excited supersonic expansion. The use of this source to identify ion signals is described. Improved molecular parameters were obtained; term values are presented from which astrophysically important transitions may be calculated. Accurate hyperfine parameters for both vibrational levels were determined and the vibrational dependence of the Fermi contact interaction was resolved. The hyperfine parameters agree well with recent many‐body perturbation theory calculations.
Genetic assessment for seed yield, agronomic and quality characters in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

The present investigation was carried out to generate information for quantitative and quality traits in seed crop of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The experiment material consisted of 30 genotypes of okra that were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during summerrainy season, 2018. The observations were recorded on days to 50 per cent flowering, node at which the first pod set, plant height (cm), nodes per plant, internodal length (cm), days to seed maturity, seeds per pod, seed yield (q/ha), 100-seed weight (g), seed germination (%) and seed vigour. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits, indicated sufficient variation for all the traits. Among all, genotypes DPO-5, Kashi Satdhari, Palam Komal, 9801 and Punjab Suhawani were the highest seed yielder. The PCV was invariably higher than their corresponding GCV for most of the characters, indicated close association between phenotype and genotype. High to moderate PCV as well as GCV was observed for seed yield followed by node at which the first pod set, seed vigour, plant height, nodes per plant, seed germination and internodal length depicting the presence of substantial variability and would respond better to selection. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for seed vigour, node at which the first pod set and seed yield, respectively revealing the importance of additive gene action for the inheritance of these traits, and further improvement could be done through phenotypic selection.
Keramamide A, a novel peptide from the Okinawan marine sponge Theonella sp.

A novel peptide, keramamide A 1, has been isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Theonella sp. and the structure established as a unique hexapeptide containing a hitherto unknown amino acid 6-chloro-5-hydroxy-N-methyltryptophan, and possessing an unusual ureido bond. The structural assignment was made on the basis of spectroscopic results (two-dimensional NMR: 1H–1H COSY, NOESY, ROESY, COLOC, HMQC, HMBC and HOHAHA; and FAB MS/MS).
An investigation of density functionals: The first-row transition metal dimer calculations

The performance of different density functional theory (DFT) methods was investigated in the calculations of the bond length and the binding energy of the first-low transition metal dimers. The 4s–3d interconfigurational energies and 4s and 3d ionization potentials were also calculated for the first-row transition metal atoms. In general, the hybrid DFT method, B3LYP, yields the bond lengths that are too short compared to the experimental ones. In contrast, the optimized bond lengths by nonhybrid DFT methods such as BOP or PW91 are in good agreement with the experiment. It was also found that nonhybrid DFT methods overestimate the binding energies, because they have a tendency to overstabilize the electron configurations that contain the atomic and molecular orbitals in a higher angular momentum open shell. The hybrid DFT method yields more accurate binding energies, but it estimates rather poor energy gaps between states whose spin multiplicity is quite different.
Bleach correction ImageJ plugin for compensating the photobleaching of time-lapse sequences

During the capturing of the time-lapse sequence of fluorescently labeled samples, fluorescence intensity exhibits decays. This phenomenon is known as 'photobleaching' and is a widely known problem in imaging in life sciences. The photobleaching can be attenuated by tuning the imaging set-up, but when such adjustments only partially work, the image sequence can be corrected for the loss of intensity in order to precisely segment the target structure or to quantify true intensity dynamics. We implemented an ImageJ plugin that allows the user to compensate for the photobleaching to estimate the non-bleaching condition with choice of three different algorithms: simple ratio, exponential fitting, and histogram matching methods. The histogram matching method is a novel algorithm for photobleaching correction. This article presents details and characteristics of each algorithm based on application to actual image sequences.
Ozonation of swine manure wastes to control odors and reduce the concentrations of pathogens and toxic fermentation metabolites

Abstract The use of ozone for the remediation of nuisance odorous chemicals in liquid swine manure slurry was investigated. Gaseous ozone was bubbled directly into stored swine manure slurry in a continuously stirred batch reactor. One‐liter samples of swine slurry were ozonated to achieve ozone dosages of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g ozone/liter of waste. Olfactometric determinations demonstrated a significant reduction in odors in ozonated samples as compared to raw and oxygenated samples. Volatile fatty acids, nitrate, phosphate and ammonia concentrations were unchanged by ozonation. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were essentially unaffected by ozonation. The concentrations of odorous phenolic microbial metabolites (e.g., phenol, p‐cresol and p‐ethylphenol) and odorous indolic microbial metabolites (e.g., 3‐methylindole and indole) were reduced to non‐detectable levels by ozonation. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were reduced slightly by the process, with a concurrent i.
Design and Analysis of Indoor Multiband Antenna in Signal Boosting of Mobile Communication Systems

— Different shapes of the antennas are used in mobile communication system. But we are interested in design and analysis of multiband antenna for Mobile wireless communication system in two bands. These kind of antennas can be largely applied or signal boosters in order to boost the mobile signal at low network places . This antenna is fed by micro strip line and consist of two conductors and radiating element which resonate in two frequencies and covers (1Ghz-3Ghz) frequency Bands . In this paper we have designed and simulated multiband antennas using Advanced Design System software(ADS) which is used to compute the gain return loss, radiation pattern and of the proposed antenna.
Vibrational spectroscopy of fast-quenched ZrSiO4 melts produced by laser treatments: local structures and decomposed phases

Rapidly quenched ZrSiO4 melts produced by CO2 and pulsed YAG lasers have been analysed using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The quenched melts exhibit decomposition into binary oxides (ZrO2 and SiO2), while other phases or complex SiO4 tetrahedron networks are also observed. The local structures and the phases of the quenched melts depend strongly on the quenching rate and melting conditions. Monoclinic ZrO2 are found to be the main ZrO2 phase in the samples treated by CO2 laser, although tetragonal ZrO2 was found near boundaries between the untreated and melted regions. High concentrations of tetragonal ZrO2 were detected in the samples treated by pulsed YAG lasers. Our observations indicate that the formation of tetragonal ZrO2 is related to relatively high quench rates. Micro-IR and Raman data from areas near the boundaries between the quenched melts and untreated zircon show systematic variations of local structures and compositions. We observe a small region with relatively low density between the untreated and melted boundaries, which consists of tetragonal ZrO2 or glassy ZrO2, and SiO2. Broad vibrational bands occur in the wavenumber region where the characteristic frequencies of zircon are located. This observation could indicate the possible existence of small amounts of glassy ZrSiO4 in the melt state of zircon, although zircon tends to decompose above the melting point. These observations are in sharp contrast with the behaviour of radiation-damaged zircon, the so-called metamict zircon, where no phase separation occurs in samples which have not been subsequently annealed.
The Py scale of solvent polarities

The relative intensities I1/I3 of the vibronic bands of pyrene fluorescence in 94 solvents and the vapor phase are reported. These values, ranging from 0.47 (vapor) to 1.95 (dimethyl sulfoxide) form the Py scale of solvent polarities. This scale is compared to other scales of solvent polarity, particularly the π* scale of Kamlet and Taft in order to assess the contributions of various factors (dipolarity/polarizability, hydrogen bonding, etc.) to the solute–solvent interaction.
SENSORY INTENSITY VERSUS HEDONIC FUNCTIONS: CLASSICAL PSYCHOPHYSICAL APPROACHES

Studies of sensory intensity and hedonics (pleasantness and unpleasantness) of simple and complex stimuli show two quite different appearing functions. Type I functions show parallel increases of unpleasantness (or rarely pleasantness) with sensory intensity. Continua exhibiting Type I functions are often aversive such as sourness, noise annoyance, etc. Type II functions show maximum pleasantness value (optimum points) at an intermediate sensory level. Continua exhibiting Type II functions include acceptability of sugar and salt.
Doubly excited autoionizing states of H2 above the second ionization threshold: the Q2 resonance series

We report extensive calculations of energy positions, autoionization widths and branching ratios for the Q2 doubly excited states of H2 lying above the second ionization threshold 2Σu+. We present results for 60 doubly excited states of the 1,3Σg,u+, 1,3Πg,u, and 1,3Δg,u symmetries in the range of internuclear distances 0⩽R⩽6 a.u. The resonance parameters have been obtained using the Feshbach theory and an L2 representation of the nonresonant continuum with B-spline functions. Our results are compared with previous theoretical data. We have found significant discrepancies for states of the 1Σg+ and 1Σu+ symmetries.
Characterization of a polycapillary lens for use in micro‐XANES experiments

Polycapillary lenses permit X-rays to be focused down to relatively small (<50 μm) beam diameters. A polycapillary device, suitable for focusing of synchrotron radiation, was characterized at beam line L of HASYLAB (Hamburg, Germany). Beam parameters such as beam size, transmission efficiency and gain in flux density were determined as a function of the energy of the primary monochromatic beam entering the polycapillary. At a distance of 4 mm between the lens tip and the sample, the smallest beam diameters were recorded: 30 μm at 7 keV, decreasing to 8 μm at 21 keV. In the energy range from 7 to 15 keV, the transmission efficiency varied between 30 and 45%, while the maximum gain in flux density was calculated to be around 3500. When the energy was changed from 7 to 30 keV, a vertical translation of only 7-8 μm was observed, indicating that this optic is highly suitable for use in μ-XANES investigations. To illustrate this point, the investigation of paper corrosion due to iron gall inks and the speciation of Ni in environmental particles is described.
Optical detection and probing of single dopant molecules of pentacene in a p-terphenyl host crystal by means of absorption spectroscopy

With the use of a combination of laser frequency-modulation absorption spectroscopy and either Stark, longitudinal ultrasonic, or transverse ultrasonic internal modulation, the optical absorption spectrum of a single impurity molecule of pentacene in a p-terphenyl crystal may be measured at liquid helium temperatures. The general properties of this detection method are illustrated by first applying the technique to the detection of persistent spectral holes in the pentacene/p-terphenyl system. Selection of a single absorber for measurement is accomplished by tuning the probing laser far out into the wings of the inhomogeneously broadened O-O absorption lines for either the O{sub 1} or O{sub 2} sites. The single-molecule line shape is similar to that predicted by a simple model of the double-modulation process. The approximate amplitude of the single-molecule signals suggests that triplet bottleneck power broadening is suppressed far out in the wings of the inhomogeneous line. This work probes the ultimate N = 1 limit of the statistical fine structure present in all inhomogeneous absorption lines.
Partitioning of Macromolecules between Two Interconnected Spherical Cavities

Simulations of excluded volume macromolecular chain encased in two interconnected cavities reveal for weak confinement a strong preference for a conformation of macromolecule in one of the two cavities. For a symmetric twin-cavity system, a conformational transition from the single cavity occupation to the conformation bridging the two cavities is observed on increasing confinement of encased chain. For asymmetric system of cavities with weak confinement the partitioning of chain segments between the two cavities is governed by classical partitioning law in which partitioning free energy increases linearly with chain length. On increasing chain length (or stronger confinement), a maximum in this dependence is observed followed by a decrease. This behavior is explained by correlation between increasing confinement and increasing concentration of encased chain. The position of the maximum reflects an increasing hinderance of the macromolecule in the larger of the two cavities and the start of the population.