Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The metal enrichment of passive galaxies in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation.

Massive early-type galaxies have higher metallicities and higher ratios of α elements to iron than their less massive counterparts. Reproducing these correlations has long been a problem for hierarchical galaxy formation theory, both in semi-analytic models and cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We show that a simulation in which gas cooling in massive dark haloes is quenched by radio-mode active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback naturally reproduces the observed trend between α/Fe and the velocity dispersion of galaxies, σ. The quenching occurs earlier for more massive galaxies. Consequently, these galaxies complete their star formation before α/Fe is diluted by the contribution from Type Ia supernovae. For galaxies more massive than ∼1011 M⊙, whose α/Fe correlates positively with stellar mass, we find an inversely correlated mass–metallicity relation. This is a common problem in simulations in which star formation in massive galaxies is quenched either by quasar- or radio-mode AGN feedback. The early suppression of gas cooling in progenitors of massive galaxies prevents them from recapturing enriched gas ejected as winds. Simultaneously reproducing the [α/Fe]–σ relation and the mass–metallicity relation is, thus, difficult in the current framework of galaxy formation.
A methodology for outsourcing resources in reverse logistics using fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy linear programming

Article history: Received January 12, 2013 Received in revised format 10 April 2013 Accepted May 21 2013 Available online May 27 2013 One of the primary concerns on supply chain management is to select appropriate suppliers based on different criteria, which are often in serious conflict. In this paper, we present a fuzzy TOPSIS technique to prioritize suppliers on reverse logistic network based on different criteria and then the proposed model of this paper applies fuzzy linear programming technique to determine optimum order quantity associated with each supplier. There are three criteria associated with each supplier including technical skills, equipment and ability to analyze. The implementation of the proposed method has been demonstrated in case study. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sleep quality effects on glycemic control among Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes -A case-control study

Objectives: To study the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relation to glycated hemoglobin among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods; A case-control study was conducted at a diabetic center in Omdurman- Sudan from December 2014 to March 2015. A total of 223 consecutive subjects (102 diabetics, and 121 healthy controls) signed a written informed consent then responded to a structured questionnaire including demographic data and the seven components of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); a blood sample was taken for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The local ethical committee approved the research, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Results: They were 102 diabetic patients and 121 control subjects, their ages were 52.5±10.5, and 52.6±10 respectively. Poor sleep quality was reported in 97.1% of diabetic patients as compared to controls 33.3% (score11.75±4.32 and4.56±2.67 respectively) with high significant statistical difference P<001. No differences were evident regarding Age, bedtime, and wake up time. No correlation was found between sleep quality score and the glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion; Poor sleep quality was more prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients in Sudan compared to healthy control subjects. No correlation was found between sleep quality and the glycated hemoglobin.
Genetic Diversity of Isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina Associated with Cowpea from Brazil Semi-Arid Region

Cowpea crops have the highest social and economic relevance to Brazil, being the food base of families mainly in the semi-arid areas of the country. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an economically important disease of cowpea that can cause significant reductions in bean yield. This study aimed to access the genetic diversity of M. phaseolina isolates obtained from cowpea grown in the Pernambuco semi-arid region, by molecular analysis. Fifty-one isolates, collected from municipality of Belem do Sao Francisco from cowpea plants and displaying typical symptoms and signs of charcoal rot, were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates clearly differentiate into two groups. The group 1 comprises the majority of isolates and the group 2 contains two isolates, isol46 and isol47. The highest similarity index (0.9) was observed between the isolates isol22 and isol35 and the lowest similarity index (0.2) was observed between isol37 and isol46 isolates. Our results revealed that the ISSR-PCR fingerprinting patterns were useful for differentiating M. phaseolina isolates from V. unguiculata plants sampled. Therefore, genetic characterization of this fungus is of importance for the effective disease management.
Effective surface treatments for selective epitaxial SiGe growth in locally strained pMOSFETs

Several dry and wet surface treatment methods are explored for a selective SiGe epitaxial film used to fabricate embedded SiGe pMOSFETs. Pre-clean conditions for the device wafers used in this study were limited by a realistic CMOS process window with tight thermal and chemical budgets due to dopant diffusion and hardmask erosion concerns. The effectiveness of these pre-clean methods is evaluated by SiGe epitaxial film quality and SIMS profiles of key residual contaminants such as C and O at the SiGe–Si substrate interface. As an effective low-temperature dry surface treatment, chemical bake in HCl/H2 at temperature below 800 °C is found to reduce interface C and O peak concentrations by an order of magnitude. Wet clean in multiple cycles of DIW-O3 (ozonated water), SC1 and diluted HF (DHF) is also presented to prepare epitaxial growth surfaces with accumulated damage and chemical residues from previous process steps. SiGe epitaxial film morphology is also observed to improve by increasing DHF clean time. For further improvement of film quality on the most difficult surfaces, Si seed layer was employed to initiate SiGe film nucleation and yield smooth film growth.
Adjusting Band-Regression Estimators for Prediction: Shrinkage and Downweighting

This paper proposes further developments of band-regression models for forecasting purposes, namely a simple method for shrinking the parameter estimates as well as a method for the automatic selection of the underlying frequency band. In combination with a method for downweighting older data, the improved band-regression model is used to forecast real GDP growth across nine industrialized economies. The results of this empirical study show that this forecasting approach outperforms conventional forecasting methods. As a secondary finding, the empirical results also raise doubts whether the yield-curve spread is really a valuable leading indicator of GDP growth.
The incremental information content of earnings, working capital from operations, and cash flows

Article history: Received March 25, 2015 Received in revised format June 1 2015 Accepted June 12 2015 Available online June 14 2015 This paper presents an empirical study to determine the effects of different factors including present profit, depreciation, working capital, operating cash flow and other accruals on future earnings stability. The study selects the information of 124 selected firms from Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2006-2012. Using two regression analysis, the study has determined that as the fluctuation of profit increases, the profitability increases too. In addition, the study has concluded that firms with minimum fluctuations preserve more stable profitability. Moreover, firms with higher fluctuation in profitability maintain more volatile profitability for the next consecutive period. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Bayes Factors for Comparing Two Restricted Means: An Example Involving Hypertense Individuals

We are interesed in comparing the mean the diastolic blood pressure of individuals submitted to a stress stimulus to that of individuals under normal conditions with the prior knowledge that the subjects in both groups are hypertense. Essentially, this may be formulated as a two sample problem for Gaussian populations with bounded means. For such purposes, we consider two different approaches to obtain Bayes factors. The first is based on predictive distributions and the second is based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The sensitivityof the Bayes factors with respect to choice of prior distributions is also investigated.
Regulation of atmospheric CO2 by deep‐sea sediments in an Earth system model

We have extended the GENIE‐1 Earth system model to include a representation of sedimentary stratigraphy and the preservation of biogenic carbonates delivered to the ocean floor. This has enabled us to take a novel approach in diagnosing modern marine carbon cycling: assimilating observation of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of deep‐sea sediments with an ensemble Kalman filter. The resulting calibrated model predicts a mean surface sediment content (32.5 wt%) close to the observed value (34.8 wt%), and a global burial rate of CaCO3 in deep sea sediments of 0.121 PgC yr−1, in line with recent budget estimates of 0.10−0.14 PgC yr−1. We employ the GENIE‐1 model in quantifying the multimillennial‐scale fate of fossil fuel CO2 emitted to the atmosphere. In the absence of any interaction between ocean and sediments, an equilibrium partitioning of CO2 is reached within ∼1000 years of emissions ceasing, with 34% (645 ppm) remaining in the atmosphere out of a total fossil fuel burn of 4173 PgC. An additional 12% of CO2 emissions (223 ppm) are sequestered as bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) by reaction with deep‐sea carbonates (“seafloor CaCO3 neutralization”) on a timescale of ∼1.7 ka. Excess of carbonate weathering on land over deep‐sea burial results in a further net transformation of 14% of CO2 emissions (261 ppm) into HCO3− (“terrestrial CaCO3 neutralization”) on a timescale of ∼8.3 ka. We have also assessed the importance of a changing climate in modulating the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 through ocean‐sediment interaction. Increased ocean stratification suppresses particulate organic carbon export, which in turn enhances seafloor CaCO3 preservation. The resulting reduction in the sequestration of fossil fuel CO2 represents a new positive feedback on millennial‐scale climate change.
UDK 619:637.055 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL FLORA FROM FARMHOUSE FERMENTED MILK PRODUCTS OF SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

The natural community of lactic acid bacteria isolated from farmhouse fermented milk products has been investigated. In such products, where no starters are added, fermentation occurs as a result of natural flora present in the surrounding environment. A total of 200 isolated strains were examined for their acidification activity and EPS formation. Out of the 200 isolated strains, 27 strains were selected for further investigation. They were further identified by 16S rRNA sequencing in order to obtain the identification at species level, which showed that 14 strains belong to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 10 of them to Lactobacillus sp and 3 strains belongs to Leuconostoc sp. To differentiate between strains the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, of 15 isolated lactococcal strains, was generated using SmaI or AscI. Unrelated strains yielded different patterns of digestion products. The plasmid isolation of these strains has also been conducted in order to compare these results to patterns of PFGE. Phage typing of the Lactococcus sp. strains has been conducted. All lactococcal strains were resistant against 41 phages (Chr. Hansen phage collection) representing the major phage groups known for Lactococcus. These results indicate that the strains represent a possible tool for cultures that have not been exposed to any industrial selection.
Directional constructions in Mandarin Chinese 2 . 1 Types of directional constructions

This paper is concerned with a specific kind of resultative verb complement construction in Mandarin Chinese, the directional complement construction. Instead of using texts or controlled laboratory data, we utilized a corpus of Taiwan Mandarin natural speech annotated with three types of directional constructions and investigated their usage in conversation. Some of the structures of directional complement constructions predicted by theories or observations were empirically confirmed in our frequency analysis, but some were not. In particular, we conducted statistical screening tests to explore relevant acoustic-prosodic features which may reflect the acoustic representation of directional components. The analysis was carried out by using residuals calculated by fitting a linear model of effects of speakers and syllables on the measurements of duration and intensity. The results suggest that duration is the most reliable acoustic-prosodic feature signifying phonetic reduction. Specifically speaking, the metaphorical use of directional constructions is prosodically less prominent than their original counterparts. Potentiality terms are more reduced than the neighbouring directional components. Phonetic reduction associated with syntactic prominence and semantic loss is also found in the use of directional components in contrast with the use of other grammatical categories such as verbs and prepositions. This paper not only gives a comprehensive overview of the authentic use of directional constructions in natural speech. It also provides a new piece of acoustic-prosodic evidence suggesting that the more grammaticalized the lexical items are, the more reduced they would appear in speech production.
Mixture methods of priori distribution choice in a binary response case

The prior choice methods are strongly explored in Bayesian analysis because of its important applications. The use of any method to the prior selection does not guarantee the choice of the exactly one proper distribution. That is why the mixture of ones is proposed here. In the paper the mixtures of ML-II, conjugate and Jeffrey’s priors are considered. The whole Bayesian analysis is executed to the binary response case. 1. Mixture of ML-II and conjugate prior The application of any prior choice method is not enough to the unique prior identification. That is why the mixture of some prior choice methods is used. The most known is the mixture of ML-II method and the method which chooses the prior from the ε-contaminated distributions [1]. In the paper the prior for the variable with binary responses is proposed. There are described two mixtures of the ML-II method and the Jeffrey’s method with the conjugate one. The class of Beta distributions is the conjugate family to a binomial distribution. There is no formula to choose any Beta distribution from the whole class of Beta distributions [2]. We apply other method of prior selection to unique identification of prior distribution. Jointly, the conjugate and ML-II methods are considered to the prior selection. ML-II method is strictly connected with Bayes Factor which tests any Bayesian models quality [1]. It gives us the prior under the knowledge of the observed vector. That is why it is an Empirical Bayes prior [2]. If some additional prior information is given then it is an informative prior otherwise it is called the noninformative prior. In short, this method let us to choose the prior such that the marginal distribution of the observed vector in the observed point achieves its maximum. Let f(y|θ) be the likelihood of the observable random variable Y with the response y ∈ R n under the conditional parameter θ. Let π(θ) be the prior of the parameter θ ∈ R p . In the analysis we limit the all coordinates of the vector y = (y1,.,yn) to the zero-one distribution. This is the most interesting distribution from the binomial class from the practical point of view, especially in the cases where the probability of the given event is searched for. Then the appearance of Please cite this article as: Paweł Kopciuszewski, Mixture methods of priori distribution choice in a binary response case, Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, 2005, Volume 4, Issue 1, pages 66-70. The website: http://www.amcm. pcz.pl/
Retrenchment in British Universities: Lessons Learned

The 43 British universities conducted a mandated budget and enrollment retrenchment over the 1981-84 period. This exercise required that the universities achieve budget restrictions ranging as high as 40 percent. No major North American research university has in recent history been forced to undergo such a severe retrenchment. This presentation is a report of a four-month field study conducted by visiting 14 British universities, selected in part, by the size of their mandated reduction. The emphasis of this report is on successful policies, procedures, philosophies, and techniques that may be applicable to other institutions of higher education, irrespective of nationality.
At 10–12 months, pointing gesture handedness predicts the size of receptive vocabularies

The close association between language and gesture has been widely studied (McNeill, Psychological Review, 92, 1985, 350). It remains unclear, however, when and how this relationship originates ontogenetically. This study investigated the relationship between vocabulary development and pointing handedness in 10- to 12-month-old infants. The study used cross-sectional data from 16 infants. Infants took part in a pointing elicitation task and a grasping task to assess their pointing and grasping handedness. Further, parents filled out the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory (Hamilton, Plunkett, & Schafer, Journal of Child Language, 27, 2000, 689) to assess infants’ receptive and productive vocabularies. The result showed a positive, significant correlation between receptive vocabulary development and right-handed pointing. This relationship was not due to age or to vocalizations, which have not been ruled out by previous studies. Possible mechanisms behind this codevelopment are discussed.
Antimicrobial activity of Agaricus brasiliensis on Plasmopara viticola and its effect on the induction of resistance to the control of downy mildew on ‘Isabel Precoce’

ABSTRACT: Agaricus brasiliensis include bioactive compounds that can act as antibiotics, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and nematostatic substances. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single application of aqueous mycelial suspension (AMS) of A. brasiliensis in control of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and resistance induction in ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapevines under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of three doses of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% AMS A. brasiliensis, as well as treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The variables analyzed were: sporangiospore germination, disease severity, represented by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), catalase enzyme activity, peroxidase and polyphenol. The 10%, 15% and 20% doses of AMS caused approximately 80% reduction in germination of P. viticola sporangiospores. The treatments did not show significant effects in reducing both the AUDPC of mildew and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. The A. brasiliensis aqueous mycelial suspension showed a fungitoxic effect on the germination of sporangiopores; however, it was not enough to reduce the severity of mildew in the ‘Isabel Precoce’ grapevines, even when acting on the catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Thus, experiments should be performed to verify the viability of the reproductive structures of the pathogen externalized in the vines when treated with A. brasiliensis AMS.
Correlation Analyses of Herbage Yield and Quality Components in Certain Sorghum × Sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L.×Sorghumsudanense Staph.) Hybrid Cultivars

The purpose of this research study was to evaluate phenotypic correlation between yield, quality and certain yield components, and to determine the direct and indirect effects of 13 different components on yield and quality in sorghum×sudangrass hybrids. The research was conducted in the trial area of the Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences in Bilecik, Turkey, in the 2015 crop year. The randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. In the study, Aneto and Teide sorghum×sudangrass hybrid varieties belonging to Fito Seed Company and Gozde 80, Leoti, Nes, Rox and Early Sumac sorghum×sudangrass hybrid varieties belonging to Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute were used as the materials. Relationships between ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) and NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) ratios, RFV (Relative Feed Value) and ME (Metabolic Energy) values and characters were investigated in the study, in addition to plant height, panicle height, leaf ratio, stem ratio, panicle ratio, green grass yield, hay yield and crude protein yields of sorghum×sudangrass hybrid varieties. Results show that the Teide variety showed the highest performance in terms of herbage yield, crude protein ratio, ADF, NDF, RFV and ME, while the lowest yields were obtained from Rox and Early Sumac. Crude protein ratio was found to significantly correlate with leaf ratio, ADF, NDF, RFV and ME similarly, leaf ratio correlated with ADF and NDF; ADF with NDF; RFV with leaf ratio, ADF and NDF; and ME with leaf ratio, ADF, NDF and RFV.
Caffeine vs. carbamazepine as indicators of wastewater pollution in a karst aquifer

Abstract. This paper presents the analysis of caffeine and carbamazepine transport in the subsurface as a result of wastewater release in the Sorek creek over the outcrops of the carbonate, Yarkon-Taninim, aquifer in Israel. Both caffeine and carbamazepine were used as indicators of sewage contamination in the subsurface. While carbamazepine is considered conservative, caffeine is subject to sorption and degradation. The objective of the study was to quantify differences in their transport under similar conditions in the karst aquifer. Water flow and pollutant transport in a “vadose zone–aquifer” system were simulated by a quasi-3-D dual permeability numerical model. The results of this study show that each of these two pollutants can be considered effective tracers for characterization and assessment of aquifer contamination. Carbamazepine was found to be more suitable for assessing the contamination boundaries, while caffeine can be used as a contaminant tracer only briefly after contamination occurs. In instances where there are low concentrations of carbamazepine which appear as background contamination in an aquifer, caffeine might serve as a better marker for detecting new contamination events, given its temporal nature. The estimated caffeine degradation rate and the distribution coefficient of a linear sorption isotherm were 0.091 d−1 and 0.1 L kg−1, respectively, which imply a high attenuation capacity. The results of the simulation indicate that by the end of the year most of the carbamazepine mass (approximately 95 %) remained in the matrix of the vadose zone, while all of the caffeine was completely degraded a few months after the sewage was discharged.