Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Psychological Capital on Teaching Effectiveness in the Bafut Sub-Division

The study adopted the survey design and used 78 teachers selected using the demographic cluster and incidental sampling techniques from a cross section of 324 secondary school teachers in Bafut Sub-Division in the North West Region of Cameroon to examine the impact of psychological capital on teaching effectiveness. The over emphasis on academic qualification and negligence of developing teachers psychological capital compromise their effectiveness and therefore problematic. Data for this study was collected using a modified version of the recently constructed psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans,F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B.J, 2007) (made up of 48 items for both teachers and administrators), 43 questionnaire items for conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, person-job fit and person-organization fit and 31 items for teaching effectiveness constructed by the researcher. The overall instrument was made up of 122 items. The STATA statistical package was used to run Regressions and establish Correlations used to establish relationships and in verifying the Research hypotheses. Psychological capital was found to be a significant predictor of teaching effectiveness after controlling for Emotional stability, extraversion, conscientiousness, person-job fit and person-organization fit. Also Self-Efficacy, Hope and Optimism were shown to have significant impact on teachers’ Enthusiasm, Expectations and Task Orientation respectively. The study also found that the relationship between resilience and commitment was not statistically significant as the null hypothesis was retained. The study concludes with a call for the inclusion of psychological capital training programs to develop teachers’ psychological capital as an alternative to mitigate the ongoing challenges of ineffectiveness in the secondary school. realignment, a longer on fixing the mental
Sensory cortical interactions in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease

Progressive declines in memory function accompany normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuropathological studies suggest that damage to neurons providing connections between cortical areas may contribute to memory impairments in AD. Because AD develops slowly, similar neuropathological changes, to a lesser degree, may be present in MCI and some asymptomatic elderly subjects. In this study we tested the hypothesis that corticocortical interactions between sensory regions are impaired in aging, MCI, and AD, as compared with young subjects. When sensory cortical evoked potentials are elicited by pairs of stimuli the amplitudes of potentials to the second stimulus are attenuated. Corticocortical interactions were assessed by presenting stimulus pairs in different modalities (auditory/visual). There were signiﬁcant group differences in the degree that a visual stimulus attenuated subsequent auditory potentials (young (cid:1) healthy elderly (cid:1) MCI (cid:1) AD). Control experiments indicated equivalent amplitude reductions for all groups to the second stimulus for stimulus pairs having the same modality. These ﬁndings are compatible with progressive declines in corticocortical processing in aging, MCI, and AD. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Inferring Interfaces of Encapsulated Libraries for Symbolic Execution The

Symbolic execution is an eﬀective technique for identifying faults in real-world software and generating tricky test cases. Unfortunately, it does not scale well enough to handle programs that use large, complicated, libraries. As a result, symbolic execution of such programs either utilizes manually crafted models of the libraries or forgo symbolic information and executes library code concretely. We propose a partial remedy to this problem in the form of a novel approach for automatic inference of precise-enough symbolically-executable speciﬁcations of encapsulated low-level libraries, i.e., pointer-manipulating libraries that maintain a strict separation between their own memory and that of their clients, e.g., the Linux kernel. Technically, we combine pointer analysis with numerical analysis to compute conservative input/output summaries of the way a library accesses the memory of its clients. The summaries are translated into speciﬁcations that are used by the symbolic execution engine to eﬃciently explore user applications and to identify potential faults. Our key insight is that the ﬁercely maintained encapsulation boundaries between the library memory state and the client memory state, e.g., the separation between kernel-space memory and user-space memory, makes it possible to automatically infer a precise-enough speciﬁcation of the system calls interface. Our work is novel in that it leverages the design of the library memory protection mechanism, e.g., the restricted way the kernel manipulates user-space memory, to make the library analysis both practical, precise, and, assuming that the library code is correct, also sound. We implemented our approach and evaluated it using a variety of applications interacting with the Linux kernel as our main case study. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that our method is eﬀective in terms of the small number of false positives, identifying new faults, and improving test coverage. We also demonstrate that our approach can be used to enable symbolic execution of applications using the BIO interface of the openssl library and of applications which interact with libraries running inside secure enclaves.
Using Natural Language Processing to Detect Fake News

Over the last few years, the world has seen what feels like an explosion of fake news due to social media and technological advancements. Even though fake news is not a new phenomenon, it is one of the biggest challenges in our digitally connected world as it spreads like wildfire impacting a significant number of individuals daily. Social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Twitter, and Facebook allow for the distribution of fake news which can potentially impact the social, political, and economic aspects of the world as it becomes more prevalent presenting dire consequences. This research benchmarks multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) classifiers against a common dataset to determine to what extent the classifiers can detect fake news. The research also introduces natural language features that can be used to better classify fake news. The dataset includes 12 836 short statements labelled for truthfulness, subject, context/venue, speaker, state, party and prior history. The sources used to collect the dataset include political debate, TV adverts, Facebook, Twitter, interviews, news release et cetera. The results show that the accuracy of a piece of an article being classified as fake news is based on the analysis of previously seen truthful and fake news. On this basis, an increase in more samples may help improve the re-sults and should be considered when building a fake news classifier. The results also showed an improvement in classifying fake news when bespoke features are added to the classification of articles.
Oscillations and leptogenesis: what can we learn about right-handed neutrinos?

Inverting the type-I seesaw formula, we reconstruct the mass matrix of the heavy right-handed neutrinos $N_i$. We analyze how the data on neutrino oscillations affect the structure of this matrix. Under the assumption of hierarchical Dirac-type neutrino masses $m_{Di}$, we compute the mixing angles among $N_i$, their masses $M_i$ and the lepton asymmetries $\epsilon_i$ generated in their decays. Unless special cancellations take place, one finds $M_i\propto m_{Di}^2$ and the generated baryon-to-photon ratio $\eta_B$ is much smaller than the observed value. We show that successful baryogenesis via leptogenesis occurs in a unique special case, which corresponds to mass degeneracy and maximal mixing of $N_1$ and $N_2$.
A Gene at 333 (cid:56) on the Bacillus subtilis Chromosome Encodes the Newly Identiﬁed (cid:115) B -Dependent General Stress Protein GspA

In Bacillus subtilis , general stress proteins (Gsps) are induced in response to different stresses (heat, salt, or ethanol) or after nutrient starvation. The majority of the genes for the Gsps are organized in a very large stationary-phase or stress regulon which is controlled by alternative sigma factor (cid:115) B . The most striking spots on Coomassie-stained two-dimensional gels belong to GsiB and GspA, which are synthesized at extremely high levels in response to different stresses. Therefore, we determined the N-terminal protein sequence of GspA, which exhibited total identity to a hypothetical 33.5-kDa protein of B. subtilis encoded by open reading frame 2 ( ipa-12d ) in the sacY-tyrS1 intergenic region. The GspA-encoding gene gspA and the upstream and downstream regions were cloned with the aid of the PCR technique. By primer extension experiments, one (cid:115) B dependent promoter immediately upstream of the coding region was identiﬁed. A putative factor-independent terminator closely followed the coding region. By Northern (RNA) blot analysis, a 0.95-kb transcript was detected which indicates a monocistronic transcriptional unit. The gspA mRNA was strongly induced by different stimuli like heat or salt stress terminus-encoding gspA (cid:103) 32 P]ATP. primer extension Dideoxynucleotide sequencing allow determination end primer extension
Pattern Classiﬁcation and Gear Design of Spatial Noncircular Gear Continuously Variable Transmission

: Noncircular gear and curve face gear are collectively referred to as spatial noncircular gear. Combined with the transmission characteristics of spatial noncircular gear, a new classiﬁcation design method of spatial noncircular gear continuously variable transmission (CVT) pattern was proposed, including two categories named addition type and multiplication type, with a total of ﬁve subcategories. Through the combination of the transmission ratio changing mechanism and transmission selection mechanism, it can realize the CVT. The overall transmission ratio depends on the phase angle between the spatial noncircular gear pairs and is independent of the input rotation angle. Firstly, the CVT principle and transmission ratio characteristics of each pattern were analyzed. Then the tooth proﬁle classiﬁcation design of spatial noncircular gear was carried out, and the general parametric design equations of the tooth surface with different tooth proﬁles were obtained. Finally, through simulation, the overall transmission ratio of each pattern was compared between theory and simulation, which veriﬁed the correctness of the CVT classiﬁcation design method. The advantages and disadvantages of the two categories were analyzed. Moreover, through the transmission experiments of curve face gear pairs with different tooth proﬁles, the transmission ratios were compared between theory and experiment. Considering the inﬂuencing factors such as machining error, assembly error and measurement error, the experimental error is within a reasonable error range, which veriﬁed the correctness of the tooth proﬁle classiﬁcation design method. This study provides a new idea for the further research and application of spatial noncircular gear CVT.
A New Way To Define Faces Depends On Multi-Metric Graphs

: Facial detection plays an important role in many applications, such as video surveillance, sex classification, facial recognition. In this paper, we present a new way of determining the face based on a multi-faceted graph. The proposed method uses a multi-level graph to represent the face, so as to improve computational efficiency, making the procedure suitable for large data multimedia databases. While most of the current methods focus on indexing high-dimensional visual features and also focus on scalability limits, using this system to the peer system, image-based retrieval of content in the pouch system to a partner is feasible. Word templates should update the notebook periodically during such an atmosphere, rather than installing storage. Within this paper, we introduce the universal coded system as a single dynamic generation approach, which considers the balance between both discrimination and workload. In addition, dynamic peer-to-peer networks often evolve, and become less stable to retrieve a fixed codebook. In order to improve recovery performance and lower network costs, the printing technology index has been developed. Unlike central environments, the main challenge is that you will be able to get an efficient global codec, such as images distributed over peer-to-peer networks.
Feasibility of hearing aid gain self-adjustment using speech recognition

Personal hearing devices, such as hearing aids, may be fine-tuned by allowing the users to conduct self-adjustment. Two self-adjustment procedures were developed to collect the listener preferred gains in six octave-frequency bands from 0.25 kHz to 8 kHz. These procedures were designed to allow rapid exploration of a multi-dimensional parameter space using a simple, one-dimensional user control interface (i.e., a programmable knob). The two procedures differ in whether the user interface controls the gains in all frequency bands simultaneously (Procedure A) or only the gain in one frequency band (Procedure B) on a given trial. Monte-Carlo simulations suggested that for both procedures the gain preference identified by simulated listeners rapidly converged to the ground-truth preferred gain profile over the first 20 trials. Initial behavioral evaluations of the self-adjustment procedures, in terms of test-retest reliability, were conducted using 20 young, normal-hearing listeners. Each estimate of the preferred gain profile took less than 20 minutes. The deviation between two separate estimates of the preferred gain profile, conducted at least a week apart, was about 10 dB ~ 15 dB.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Zanamivir Treatment in Hospitalized Adults With In ﬂ uenza: An Open-label, Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase II Study

Clinical Background . Intravenous zanamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor suitable for treatment of hospitalized patients with severe in ﬂ uenza. Methods . Patients were treated with intravenous zanamivir 600 mg twice daily, adjusted for renal impairment, for up to 10 days. Primary outcomes included adverse events (AEs), and clinical/laboratory parameters. Pharmacokinetics, viral load, and disease course were also assessed. Results . One hundred thirty patients received intravenous zanamivir (median, 5 days; range, 1 – 11) a median of 4.5 days (range, 1 – 7) after onset of in ﬂ uenza; 83% required intensive care. The most common in ﬂ uenza type/ subtype was A/H1N1pdm09 (71%). AEs and serious AEs were reported in 85% and 34% of patients, respectively; serious AEs included bacterial pulmonary infections (8%), respiratory failure (7%), sepsis or septic shock (5%), and cardiogenic shock (5%). No drug-related trends in safety parameters were identi ﬁ ed. Protocol-de ﬁ ned liver events were observed in 13% of patients. The 14- and 28-day all-cause mortality rates were 13% and 17%. No fatalities were considered zanamivir related. Pharmacokinetic data showed dose adjustments for renal impairment yielded similar zanamivir exposures. Ninety-three patients, positive at baseline for in ﬂ uenza by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, showed a median decrease in viral load of 1.42 log 10 copies/mL after 2 days of treatment. Conclusions . Safety, pharmacokinetic and clinical outcome data support further investigation of intravenous zanamivir.
Women's Changing Opportunities and Aspirations Amid Male Outmigration: Insights from County, Kenya Male

In Makueni County, Kenya, an area experiencing intensifying migration flows, we investigate the aspired futures of rural men and women using a novel methodology combining a narrative-based survey tool, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Our findings indicate that, in the absence of men and presence of norms restricting women’s movement out of rural life, women are becoming increasingly engaged in farm management. Women’s aspirational narratives focused on commercialising farm activities, likely reflecting their changing agricultural opportunity space and new realities as farm managers. We highlight that only considering aspirations at the household level overlooks differing individual contributions, agency over various household income streams and individuals’ changing roles throughout life. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for further aspirations research including explicit consideration of intrahousehold heterogeneity and how individual strategies and aspirations interrelate and are negotiated at the household level to build an overall livelihood strategy.
Clinical performance of the Luminex NxTAG CoV Extended Panel for SARS-CoV-2 1 detection in nasopharyngeal specimens of COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong a commercial detection

In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the 25 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the 26 Hubei Province of China and later spread all over the world. There was an urgent need of a 27 high-throughput molecular testing for screening the COVID-19 patients in the community. The 28 Luminex NxTAG CoV Extended Panel is a high-throughput FDA emergency use authorized 29 molecular diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This system targets three genes 30 (ORF1ab, N and E gene) of SARS-CoV-2, ORF1ab region of SARS-CoV and ORF5 region of 31 MERS-CoV. 32 In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of this system with 33 nasopharyngeal swab specimens of 214 suspected COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong. The 34 results were compared with our routine COVID-19 RT-PCR protocol with LightMix SarbecoV 35 E-gene kit and an in-house RdRp/Hel RT-PCR assay. The NxTAG CoV Extended panel 36 demonstrated a 97.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity to SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal 37 specimens. On low viral load specimens, the sensitivity of the NxTAG panel could still 38 maintain at 85.71%. High agreement was observed between the NxTAG panel and the routine 39 COVID-19 RT-PCR protocol (kappa value = 0.98). Overall the E gene target of the NxTAG 40 panel demonstrated the highest sensitivity among the three SARS-CoV-2 targets while the N 41 gene targets demonstrated the least. 42 In conclusion, the NxTAG CoV Extended Panel is simple to use and it has high 43 diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal specimens. we 44 recommend this diagnostic system for high-throughput COVID-19 screening in the community. In this study, we evaluated the clinical performance of the NxTAG CoV Extended Panel, which is a new high-throughput FDA EUA diagnostic assay detecting not only SARS-CoV-2, but also MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Our results demonstrated that the assay could differentiate SARS-CoV-2 well from the other two lethal coronaviruses simultaneously in the same reaction. However, due to the limited availability of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV clinical specimens in Hong Kong, full evaluation on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV detection of the NxTAG assay will need further analysis. The NxTAG assay included a single tube nested RT- PCR amplification could provide ultrasensitive target detection and sealed tube amplification and detection minimized the risk of cross contamination. From our study, we found that the 219 three targets of the NxTAG panel were highly specific through testing. This NxTAG panel 220 could differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from the closely related SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and other 221 human coronaviruses. The QCMD EQAP results also demonstrated that the NxTAG panel could detect SARS-CoV-2 positive specimens with viral load reaching 2.30 log10 copies/ml 223 (200 copies/ml).
Nonlinear ampliﬁcation in hydrodynamic turbulence

Using direct numerical simulations performed on periodic cubes of various sizes, the largest being 8192 3 , we examine the nonlinear advection term in the Navier–Stokes equations generating fully developed turbulence. We ﬁnd signiﬁcant dissipation even in ﬂow regions where nonlinearity is locally absent. With increasing Reynolds number, the Navier–Stokes dynamics ampliﬁes the nonlinearity in a global sense. This nonlinear ampliﬁcation with increasing Reynolds number renders the vortex stretching mechanism more intermittent, with the global suppression of nonlinearity, reported previously, restricted to low Reynolds numbers. In regions where vortex stretching is absent, the angle and the ratio between the convective vorticity and solenoidal advection in three-dimensional isotropic turbulence are statistically similar to those in the two-dimensional case, despite the fundamental differences between them.
Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms for Echo Cancellation An Overview and Open Issues

—The recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm is very popular in many applications of adaptive ﬁltering, especially due to its fast convergence rate. However, the computational complexity of this algorithm represents a major limitation in some applications that involve high length adaptive ﬁlters, like echo cancellation. Moreover, the speciﬁc features of this application require good tracking capabilities and double-talk robustness for the adaptive algorithm, which further implies an optimization process on its parameters. In case of most RLS-based algorithms, the performance can be controlled in terms of two main parameters, i.e., the forgetting factor and the regularization term. The goal of this paper is to outline the inﬂuence of these parameters on the overall performance of the RLS algorithms and to present several solutions to control their behavior, taking into account the speciﬁc requirements of echo cancellation application.
Hybrid Search for Optimization of High-Dimensional k-d Trees

While k-d trees have been widely studied and used, their theoretical advantages are often not realized due to ineffective search strategies and generally poor performance in high dimensional spaces. In this paper we outline an effective search algorithm for k-d trees that combines an optimal depth-first branch and bound (DFBB) strategy with a unique method for path ordering and pruning. Our initial method was developed for improving nearest neighbor (NN) search, but has also proven effective for k-NN search and approximate k-NN classification.