Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modular buck-boost transformerless grid-tied inverter for low voltage solar panels

This paper deals with a transformerless AC module for low DC voltage output photovoltaic solar panels. The DC to AC converter was designed to be a single-phase grid-tied inverter, and is based on a buck-boost topology with currentmode control to shape the current and to adjust delivered power. The common ground node prevents voltage fluctuations and increases people s safety. Low power inverters tend to be less efficient than larger ones and are prone to higher harmonic distortion. To overcome these drawbacks, special care was taken in designing the power stage, and harmonic compensation was included in the control stage. The inverter has MPPT capability and operates with unity power factor. Inverter s operation is analysed, and some simulation results are presented. A 220Wp two-stage single-phase AC module prototype, with 240V and 50Hz sine-wave output, was build and connected to a low voltage photovoltaic solar panel. Experimental results for this plug-and-play converter are here presented.
Domain decomposition preconditioning for the high-frequency time-harmonic Maxwell equations with absorption

This paper rigorously analyses preconditioners for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with absorption, where the PDE is discretised using curl-conforming finite-element methods of fixed, arbitrary order and the preconditioner is constructed using Additive Schwarz domain decomposition methods. The theory developed here shows that if the absorption is large enough, and if the subdomain and coarse mesh diameters and overlap are chosen appropriately, then the classical two-level overlapping Additive Schwarz preconditioner (with PEC boundary conditions on the subdomains) performs optimally -- in the sense that GMRES converges in a wavenumber-independent number of iterations -- for the problem with absorption. An important feature of the theory is that it allows the coarse space to be built from low-order elements even if the PDE is discretised using high-order elements. It also shows that additive methods with minimal overlap can be robust. Numerical experiments are given that illustrate the theory and its dependence on various parameters. These experiments motivate some extensions of the preconditioners which have better robustness for problems with less absorption, including the propagative case. At the end of the paper we illustrate the performance of these on two substantial applications; the first (a problem with absorption arising from medical imaging) shows the empirical robustness of the preconditioner against heterogeneity, and the second (scattering by a COBRA cavity) shows good scalability of the preconditioner with up to 3,000 processors.
Effects of the cycloergometer exercises on power and jumping ability measured during jumps performed on a dynamometric platform

The aim of this work was the determination of the cycloergometer exercises influence on the lower limbs power changes and height of rise of the body mass centre, measured in CMJ (counter movement jump) and performed on a dynamometric platform. Forty-three students of the University of Physical Education took part in the study. They were divided into 4 groups. The cycloergometer training encompassed 5 intermittent efforts parted by 2min intervals. Students performed: group M10 – maximal efforts with the load equal 10% of body mass; group M5 – maximal efforts with the load of 5% body mass; group W80 – 3min efforts with the power of 250 W, singular effort work equal 45 kJ, pedalling rate – 80 rpm; group W45 – 3min efforts with the power of 250 W, individual effort work equal 45 kJ, pedalling rate of 45 rpm. The control measurements of lower extremities power and the height of rise of the body mass centre in CMJ jumps on the dynamometric platform, were taken every Monday: before training (0), during 4 weeks of training (1-4) and for 2 weeks after it (5-6). Four week training elicited in groups M10, M5, W45 and W45 significant increase of the maximal (except group W45 where it was unimportant) and average power and, decrease of the height of the body mass centre lift in CMJ jump: crucial in groups W45 (-4.7%) and W80 (-4.7%) and not important in M10 (-3.4%). The height of rise of the body mass centre insignificant increase in group M5 (2.1%) after 4 week training. KEY WordS: cycle ergometer training, cMJ, height of jump, power output Linossier et al. [25,26,27], Parry et al. [28], Simoneau et al. [32,33] and Stathisa et al. [35] the sprint training on the cycloergometer elicited the growth of the maximal power and the amount of performed work in the Wingate test – 10 lasting for 90 s maximal efforts and calculated from F-v and P-v characteristics. On the other hand, in work of Fidelus et al. [13] the growth of muscle torque and the power loos during maximal jump on the inclined plane was noticed after 4 week speed training. Changes of lower limb power and height of rise of the body mass centre under the influence of training performed on the cycloergometer are not widely described in references. Only in few of works it is possible to find some significant dependences between the maximal power produced on the cycloergometer and lower extremities power [8,9] and the height of rise of the body mass centre measured in CMJ [38] and SJ jumps [19]. Namely, it might be expected that if the maximal power, calculated from F-v and P-v dependences, grows after the cycloergometer training (Wingate test) than the maximal power measured on the dynamometric platform also should be growing. Original Paper Biol. Sport 2010;27:35-40
Economic valuation of coastal zone quality improvements

Individuals’ decision to use a particular coastal beach is influenced by their preferences and perceptions as well as beach’s characteristics. This study examines visitors’ attributes and desired site specific characteristics in order to determine the factors affecting willingness to pay for an improvement quality (environment, water as well as recreation activities) program. A contingent valuation survey is carried out in order to evaluate the economic benefits of improving coastal quality of beaches in a coastal line of an area in Central Greece (Volos) where persistent failures to meet the standards of the Blue Flag program are observed. Our empirical findings suggest that the major variables affecting respondents’ willingness to pay were related to income, age, gender, coastal recreational activities and environmental quality of the site as well as to previous environmental behavior and mainly if they had paid for environmental protection in the past.
Silicon uptake and distribution in agropyron smithii as related to grazing history and defoliation.

A controlled environment experiment was performed on plants from 2 Agropyron sndthii Rydb. (western wheatgass) populations to determine how defollltion at iweek intervals and graxing bistory affected total silicon accumulation in shoots, and how Si was distributed within the plant. Plants were collected from a heavily grazed, IO-year-old prairie dog colony and an ungazed, 40-yearold exciosure at Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. After 18 weeks, the total amount of Si accumuhtted in shoots was similar in plants from both populations, regardless of whether or not the plants were clipped. However, the Si concentration in shoots was greater in nondefoliated than defoliated phmts of both populations because of Si dilution resulting from greater shoot production in defoliated pIants. In both populations, roots and leaf blades had the highest Si concentrations, rhizomes had the lowest concentrations, and sheaths, crowns, and belowground stems had intermediate concentrations.
Highlights of the AAPS Workshop on Dissolution Testing for the 21st Century

From May 1–3,2006,the AAPS In Vitro Release and Dissolution Testing Focus Group sponsored an interesting and exciting workshop on Dissolution Testing for the 21st Century,Linking Critical Quality Attributes and Critical Process Parameters to Clinically Relevant Dissolution Method/ Specification.Approximately 232 people from diverse disciplines attended the meeting,held in Arlington,Virginia. The attendees included engineers,pharmacists,chemists,regulators,and researchers. There were also many vendors present to exhibit their equipment and answer questions. The presentations provided a wide variety of opinions on dissolution testing,and there was a panel discussion after each session to provide participant insights and questions. Tahseen Mirza,Ph.D.,Chair of the In Vitro Release and Dissolution Testing Focus Group,opened the meeting and outlined the first day’s session that was on dissolution as it relates to the quality by design (QBD) /process analytical technology (PAT) initiatives by FDA. The presentations on day two focused on new dosage forms,the method development challenges associated with new products,and the expectations for clinically relevant specifications. The last day of the workshop was highlighted by presentations that discussed the merits of calibrator tablets and mechanical calibration, including a USP initiative on new acceptance criteria for both products and calibration.
Testing Refinement Criteria in Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Simulations of Dry Atmospheric Convection

Abstract : Adaptive mesh refinement generally serves to increase computational efficiency without compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution. However it is an open question in which regions the spatial resolution can actually be coarsened without affecting the accuracy of the result. This question is investigated for a specific meteorological problem, namely the simulation of atmospheric convection. For this purpose a novel numerical model is developed that is tailored towards this specific meteorological problem. The compressible Euler equations are solved with a Discontinuous Galerkin method. Time integration is done with a semiimplicit approach and the dynamic grid adaptivity uses space filling curves via the AMATOS function library. So far the model is able to simulate dry flow in two-dimensional geometry without subgrid-scale modeling. The model is validated with three standard test cases. A method is introduced which allows one to compare the accuracy between different choices of refinement regions even in a case when the exact solution is not known. Essentially this is done by comparing features of the solution that are strongly sensitive to spatial resolution. For a rising warm air bubble the average number of elements required for the adaptive simulation is about a factor three times smaller than the number required for the simulation with the uniform fine-resolution grid. Correspondingly the adaptive simulation is almost three times faster than the uniform simulation, and the advantage of adaptive mesh refinement becomes even more pronounced for larger domains. This result suggests that adaptive mesh refinement should have significant potential for future simulations of atmospheric moist convection when the refinement criterion is chosen carefully.
Insects reared from logging residue on clear-cuts

Coniferous and deciduous logging residue (“slash”) was collected from six 1year old and six 4-year old clear-cuts in South-West Sweden during the spring of 2002. In the laboratory, insects were emerged under standardised conditions. Insects emerged in 41% of the rearing-tubes with 1-year old slash. In 4-year old slash, 54% of the tubes contained insects. The most successfully emerged order was Coleoptera, represented by 10 families, 22 species and 425 individuals. The second most abundant order was Hymenoptera. The most abundant Coleoptera family was Curculionidae that comprised 48% of all the beetles. Four distinct species groups among Coleoptera were found, each group being separated by slash age and tree category (deciduous/coniferous). Significantly more species were found in the 4-year old deciduous slash, compared to the 1-year old. In coniferous slash, there was a tendency for more species in the 1-year old slash than in the 4-year old. The results suggest that slash is valuable as breeding substrate and/or food supply to the beetle fauna on clear-cuts.
Recurrent variation in the active NOR sites in the monkey frogs of the genus Pithecopus Cope, 1866 (Phyllomedusidae, Anura)

Abstract Treefrogs of the genus Pithecopus Cope, 1866 exhibit expressive chromosomal homogeneity which contrasts with a high variation frequency of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) related to the group. Currently, the genus contains eleven species and no chromosomal data are available on P. palliatus Peters, 1873, P. ayeaye Lutz, 1966 and P. megacephalus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926. Here, we describe the karyotypes of these three species based on Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver impregnation and in situ hybridization (FISH). We were also analyze the evolutionary dynamic of the NOR-bearing chromosome in species of genus under a phylogenetic view. The results indicate that P. palliatus, P. ayeaye, and P. megacephalus have similar karyotypes, which are typical of the genus Pithecopus. In P. palliatus the NOR was detected in the pericentromeric region of pair 9p whereas in P. ayeaye and P. megacephalus we report cases of the multiple NOR sites in karyotypes. In P. ayeaye the NOR was detected in the pericentromeric region of pair 9p in both homologues and additional sites was detected in pairs 3q, 4p, and 8q, all confirmed by FISH experiments. Already in P. megacephalus the NOR sites were detected in pericentromeric region homologues of pair 8q and additionally in one chromosome of pair 13q. A comparative overview of all the Pithecopus karyotypes analyzed up to now indicates the recurrence of the NOR-bearing chromosome pairs and the position of the NORs sites on these chromosomes. We hypothesized that this feature is a result of a polymorphic condition present in the common ancestor of Pithecopus. In such case, the lineages derived from polymorphic ancestor have reached fixation independently after divergence of lineages, resulting in a high level of homoplasy observed in this marker. Our findings help to fill the gaps in the understanding of the karyotype of the genus Pithecopus and reinforce the role of the evolutionary dynamics of the rDNA genes in karyotype diversification in this group.
Potential of civic crowdfunding to the intelligence of cities and social innovation: an exploratory study

The concepts of smart city and social innovation in combination with the increasing use of ICT by citizens and public authorities could enhance the involvement of people on the decisions that directly affect their daily life. A case study approach was adopted to illustrate the potential of civic crowdfunding for increasing the participation and collaboration between citizens, firms and government. The analysis of two exemplary cases shows that civic crowdfunding platforms could be used by public administration to engage communities in the search of solutions to local problems. Likewise, it could be used to reinforce the community ties and to leverage the bonds among the stakeholders and the partners of the community ecosystem.
Stability Derivatives at Supersonic Speeds of Thin Rectangular Wings with Diagonals Ahead of Tip Mach Lines

The investigation includes steady and accelerated vertical and longitudinal motions and steady rolling, yawing, sideslipping, and pitching for Mach numbers and aspect ratios greater than those for which the Mach line from the leading edge of the tip section intersects the trailing edge of the opposite tip section. The stability derivatives are derived with respect to principal body axes and then transformed to a system of stability axes. Theoretical results are obtained, by means of the linearized theory, for the surface-velocity-potential functions, surface-pressure distributions, and stability derivatives for various motions at supersonic speeds of thin flat rectangular wings without dihedral. In the case of yawing, a treatment for the infinitely long wing which takes account of the spanwise variation in the stream Mach number is extended to the finite wing, and a plausible, although not rigorous, solution is obtained for the wing tip effects.
BRK phosphorylates SMAD4 for proteasomal degradation and inhibits tumor suppressor FRK to control SNAIL, SLUG, and metastatic potential

BRK phosphorylates and targets SMAD4 for proteasomal degradation to regulate aspects of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The tumor-suppressing function of SMAD4 is frequently subverted during mammary tumorigenesis, leading to cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. A long-standing concept is that SMAD4 is not regulated by phosphorylation but ubiquitination. Our search for signaling pathways regulated by breast tumor kinase (BRK), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is up-regulated in ~80% of invasive ductal breast tumors, led us to find that BRK competitively binds and phosphorylates SMAD4 and regulates transforming growth factor–β/SMAD4 signaling pathway. A constitutively active BRK (BRK-Y447F) phosphorylates SMAD4, resulting in its recognition by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which accelerates SMAD4 degradation. Activated BRK–mediated degradation of SMAD4 is associated with the repression of tumor suppressor gene FRK and increased expression of mesenchymal markers, SNAIL, and SLUG. Thus, our data suggest that combination therapies targeting activated BRK signaling may have synergized the benefits in the treatment of SMAD4 repressed cancers.
The Stratospheric Pathway of La Niña

AbstractA Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar stratospheric pathway for La Nina events is established during wintertime based on reanalysis data for the 1958–2012 period. A robust polar stratospheric response is observed in the NH during strong La Nina events, characterized by a significantly stronger and cooler polar vortex. Significant wind anomalies reach the surface, and a robust impact on the North Atlantic–European (NAE) region is observed. A dynamical analysis reveals that the stronger polar stratospheric winds during La Nina winters are due to reduced upward planetary wave activity into the stratosphere. This finding is the result of destructive interference between the climatological and the anomalous La Nina tropospheric stationary eddies over the Pacific–North American region.In addition, the lack of a robust stratospheric signature during La Nina winters reported in previous studies is investigated. It is found that this is related to the lower threshold used to detect the events, which signature i.
Ontological-Phase Topological Field Theory

We thank Newton for inspiring strict adherence to hypotheses non-fingo, and claim reasonable a posteriori surety in positing the need for an Ontological-Phase Topological Field Theory (OPTFT) as the final step in describing the remaining requirements for bulk UQC. Let’s surmise with little doubt that a radical new theory needs to be correlated with the looming 3rd regime of Unified Field Mechanics (UFM). If the author knows one thing for sure, it is that gravity is not quantized! The physics community is so invested in quantizing the gravitational force that it could still be years away from this inevitable conclusion. There is still a serious conundrum to be dealt with however; discovery of the complex Manifold of Uncertainty (MOU), the associated ‘semi-quantum limit’ and the fact of a duality between Newton’s and Einstein’s gravity, may allow some sort of wave-particle-like duality with a quantal-like virtual graviton in the semi-quantum limit. Why mention the gravitational field? Relativistic information processing (RIP) introduces gravitational effects in the ‘parallel transport’ aspects of topological switching in branes. There are A and B type topological string theories, and a related Topological M-Theory with mirror symmetry, that are somewhat interesting especially since they allow sufficient dimensionality with Calabi-Yau mirror symmetric dual 3-tori perceived as essential elements for developing a UFM. But a distinction between these theories and the ontology of an energyless topological switching of information (Shannon related) through topological charge in brane dynamics, perhaps defined in a manner making correspondence to a higher dimensional (HD) de-Broglie-Bohm super-quantum potential synonymous with a 'Force of coherence' of the unified field is of interest. Thus the term 'OPTFT’ has been chosen to address this issue as best as the Zeitgeist is able to conceive at the time of writing…
Evolution of the brightest cluster galaxies: the influence of morphology, stellar mass and environment

Using a sample of 425 nearby brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) from von der Linden et al., we study the relationship between their internal properties (stellar masses, structural parameters and morphologies) and their environment. More massive BCGs tend to inhabit denser regions and more massive clusters than lower mass BCGs. Furthermore, cDs, which are BCGs with particularly extended envelopes, seem to prefer marginally denser regions and tend to be hosted by more massive haloes than elliptical BCGs. cD and elliptical BCGs show parallel positive correlations between their stellar masses and environmental densities. However, at a fixed environmental density, cDs are, on average,∼ 40 per cent more massive. Our results, together with the findings of previous studies, suggest an evolutionary link between elliptical and cD BCGs. We suggest that most present-day cDs started their life as ellipticals, which subsequently grew in stellar mass and size due to mergers. In this process, the cD envelope developed. The large scatter in the stellar masses and sizes of the cDs reflects their different merger histories. The growth of the BCGs in mass and size seems to be linked to the hierarchical growth of the structures they inhabit: as the groups and clusters became denser and more massive, the BCGs at their centres also grew. This process is nearing completion since the majority (∼60 per cent)of the BCGs in the local Universe have cD morphology. However, the presence of galaxies with intermediate morphological classes (between ellipticals and cDs) suggests that the growth and morphological transformation of some BCGs is still ongoing.
Trace Element Concentrations in Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus) Near Red Dog Mine Compared to Other Locations in Alaska

To determine if bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) harvested near a zinc and lead mine (Red Dog, Alaska , USA) by subsistence hunters from Kivalina, Alaska, were as safe to eat as bearded seals from other locations in Alaska, we compared 19 trace element concentrations in liver tissue. Liver concentrations from nine bearded seals harvested near the Red Dog Mine (RDM) port site were compared with 15 bearded seals from two reference sites (Hooper Bay and Little Diomede, Alaska, USA). Concentrations did not differ by gender, but we found statistically significant trends in concentrations of cadmium, mercury, manganese, selenium, and vanadium with age. Arsenic and copper were the only elements found to be more concentrated in the liver of bearded seals harvested near RDM than in the other locations. The predominant form of arsenic in marine mammals is known to be a nontoxic organic form, not the toxic inorganic form, and copper is an essential element. Although elevated near RDM, neither element was found at concentrations that presented health risks. We found no evidence that bearded seals harvested near RDM were less safe to eat or that trace element concentrations were greater than those found in bearded seals harvested elsewhere in Alaska or Canada.