Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Security of OAuth-Based Single Sign-On Service

OAuth 2.0 is an open standard for authorization, and provides a method for third-party applications to access users’ resources on the resource servers without sharing their login credentials. It is widely used in Single Sign-On (SSO) service due to its simple implementation and compatibility with a diversity of the third-party applications. It has been proved secure in several formal methods, but some vulnerabilities are exposed in practice. In this paper, we propose a general approach to analyze the security of OAuthbased SSO service. From the perspective of the parameters and flows defined in the protocol, we conduct firstly a careful analysis of its security and design five potential attacks. Then, we examine the typical identity providers (including qq.com, weibo.com, baidu.com and renren.com) and 50 relying parties (such as dianping.com, juemei.com). The results indicate several problems existing in the implementation details, such as the access token leakage. In conclusion, we come up with six recommendations in order to improve the OAuth-based SSO Service.
Optimizing bio-methanation by differential zero valent iron (ZVI) particle size in cassava pulp feed CSTRs

The inherent limitation of biogas from Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process is high carbon dioxide (CO2) which deters and remains as a challenge for ultimate applicability of biogas as bio-energy for multi-purposes. The use of metallic powder as catalyst within AD process is promising to reduce both economic and environmental cost of post biogas upgrading technologies available nowadays. In utilizing Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) in differential particle size, M100 (nano-particle) and R12 (micro-particle), in cassava pulp and wastewater as feedstock materials for bio-methanation, this study attempted to optimize methane (CH4) concentration of biogas in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs). Synchrotron X-ray radiations and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were applied for characterizing the valency, atomic concentration, and particle size. The experiments showed under the optimum dosage values of 1 and 8 g/L for M100 and R 12, while up to 93% bio-methane enhancement was achieved with 67% addition of biogas volume than ZVI free control reactor. The presence of nano-particle M100 ZVI in AD system had instantaneous and stimulatory impact by its readily reactivity with aqueous substrate, but it leads to digestion failure even with few margins of excess. The micro-particle size R 12 amended CSTRs demonstrated ease of better digestion performance, process control and recoverable properties by its slow disintegration and bio-availability in AD system.
Repurposing strategies for Chagas disease therapy: the effect of imatinib and derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi

Abstract Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected parasitic condition endemic in the Americas caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Patients present an acute phase that may or not be symptomatic, followed by lifelong chronic stage, mostly indeterminate, or with cardiac and/or digestive progressive lesions. Benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox are the only drugs approved for treatment but not effective in the late chronic phase and many strains of the parasite are naturally resistant. New alternative therapy is required to address this serious public health issue. Repositioning and combination represent faster, and cheaper trial strategies encouraged for neglected diseases. The effect of imatinib (IMB), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed for use in neoplasias, was assessed in vitro on T. cruzi and mammalian host cells. In comparison with BZ, IMB was moderately active against different strains and forms of the parasite. The combination IMB + BZ in fixed-ratio proportions was additive. Novel 14 derivatives of IMB were screened and a 3,2-difluoro-2-phenylacetamide (3e) was as potent as BZ on T. cruzi but had low selectivity index. The results demonstrate the importance of phenotypic assays, encourage the improvement of IMB derivatives to reach selectivity and testify to the use of repurposing and combination in drug screening for CD.
Secondary Folds Contribute Significantly to the Total Surface Area in the Olfactory Organ of Chondrichthyes

The olfactory organ of Chondrichthyes is characterized by a central support with several lamellae covered by a sensory olfactory epithelium. Although secondary folds are present on the lamellae in all the chondrichthyan species analyzed to date, their shape and size have not been described. We here analyze the olfactory organ of 13 elasmobranch and 1 holocephalan species, describe the shape of the secondary folds and evaluate how they contribute to the epithelial surface area. The secondary folds vary in shape and size, and they should always be considered when comparing the epithelial surface area among species; in fact, the increase of the area, due to the presence of the secondary folds, spans from 70 to 495% in the considered species. Because of the complexity of the shapes, we approach the description of the secondary folds by analyzing histological sections of the olfactory lamellae to obtain illustrative silhouettes. We introduce two indexes in order to describe a 2D-sectioned shape of the secondary folds. Considering the different numerical parameters which describe the morphology of the olfactory organ (secondary folds included), a principal component analysis elucidates the possible ecological role and phylogenetic relationship of the chondrichthyan olfactory organ.
Quality-Gated Convolutional Lstm for Enhancing Compressed Video

The past decade has witnessed great success in applying deep learning to enhance the quality of compressed video. However, the existing approaches aim at quality enhancement on a single frame, or only using fixed neighboring frames. Thus they fail to take full advantage of the inter-frame correlation in the video. This paper proposes the Quality-Gated Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (QG-ConvLSTM) network with bi-directional recurrent structure to fully exploit the advantageous information in a large range of frames. More importantly, due to the obvious quality fluctuation among compressed frames, higher quality frames can provide more useful information for other frames to enhance quality. Therefore, we propose learning the "forget" and "'input" gates in the ConvLSTM cell from quality-related features. As such, the frames with various quality contribute to the memory in ConvLSTM with different importance, making the information of each frame reasonably and adequately used. Finally, the experiments validate the effectiveness of our QG-ConvLSTM approach in advancing the state-of-the-art quality enhancement of compressed video, and the ablation study shows that our QG-ConvLSTM approach is learnt to make a trade-off between quality and correlation when leveraging multi-frame information. The project page: https://github.com/ryangchn/QG-ConvLSTM.git
Investigation of Micro-volume Viscosity with Janus Microbeads Based on Rotational Brownian Motion

Viscosity is an important property of liquids. A viscosity change of aqueous substances that deviates from their normal levels usually implies a compromise in quality due to degradation or microorganism proliferation. Monitoring of macro-scale viscosity can be simply realized by various conventional tools, such as rotational viscometers, capillary tubes, falling bodies, and so forth. Nevertheless, today, micro-volume viscosity measurement remains a challenging endeavor, resulting in rare, expensive, or difficult-to-obtain samples not very well studied. For this reason, a novel technique for micro-viscosity based on rotational Brownian motion is presented in this paper. Janus microbeads were made by coating fluorescent polystyrene beads with gold film. Taking advantage of the bead configuration of half gold/half fluorescence, the rotational Brownian signal was expressed in terms of blinking fluorescent intensity. The characteristic correlation time was derived from the blinking intensity of trace amounts of a selected medium over a certain time period, and results were correlated with viscosity. Given a volume of only 2 μL for each measurement, calibration of a series of glycerol–water mixtures (100%–1% (v/v) water content) yielded good agreement with the expected viscosity predictions over the range of 0.8–574.8 cP. Five common oil products, including lubricant oil, baby oil, food oil, olive oil, and motor oil, were further investigated to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed technique. Data measured by the rotational Brownian motion-based diffusometer were comparable with those measured by a commercial rotational viscometer. The method also explicitly showed viscosity degradation after the oils were heated at a high temperature of over 100 °C for 10 min. Evaluation proved the proposed Janus microbead-enabled rotational diffusometric technique to be a promising approach for rapid and micro-scale viscosity measurement.
Intensified Primary Health Care for Cancer Patients

Johansson, B. 2000. Intensified Primary Health Care for Cancer Patients. Utilisation of Medical Services. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 94. 67 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-4820-8. The aim of the present thesis is to evaluate the effects of an Intensified Primary Health Care (IPHC) intervention on GPs’ and home care nurses’ possibilities to monitor and support cancer patients, and on cancer patients utilisation of medical services. A further aim is to identify determinants of cancer patients’ utilisation of such services. A total of 485 patients newly diagnosed with breast, colorectal, gastric or prostate cancer were randomised to the intervention or to a control group. The follow-up period was 24 months for all patients. Patients randomised to the IPHC were referred to the home care nurse. The home care nurse and the GP received copies of the medical record each time the patient was discharged from hospital after a period of in-patient care, or had visited a specialist out-patient clinic. In addition to this, recurrent education and supervision in cancer care were arranged. The IPHC resulted in a marked increase of home care nurse follow-up contacts. The majority of control patients (74%) reported no such contacts, while 89% of IPHC patients reported this. High age (≥80 yr) was the strongest predictor within the IPHC group for reporting a continuing home care nurse contact. Furthermore, the IPHC increased GPs’ knowledge about patients’ disease and treatments, and appeared to facilitate their possibilities to support the patients. The IPHC reduced the utilisation of specialist care among elderly cancer patients. The number of days of hospitalisation for older patients (≥70 yr) randomised to the IPHC were 393 less than for older control patients during the 3 first months after inclusion. Regression analyses defined diagnosis, extensive treatment, comorbidity, low functional status, pain and socio-economic factors as predictors of a high utilisation of medical services. Key word: Cancer, home care services, general practitioner, utilisation of medical services, prediction. Birgitta Johansson, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences: Section for Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden © Birgitta Johansson 2000 ISSN 0282-7492 ISBN 91-554-4820-8 Printed in Sweden by University Printers, Uppsala 2000 “This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning. ”
Delta-Sigma Modulated Visible Light Communication Illumination System Using a Projector with the Digital Micro-Mirror Device †

There is a unique transmission method of visible light communication (VLC) that can transmit multiple data in multiple directions simultaneously by using a projector with the digital micro-mirror device (DMD). Previously, we proposed a method of transmitting data from the projector that transmits digitally modulated VLC signal from each pixel, and in this paper, we propose an extension of the method to transmit audio signal by using a special type of modulation called delta-sigma-modulation (DSM). The DSM-VLC system employs a simple receiver that comprises simple analog electric circuits, which contribute to low power consumption. We made a DSM-VLC prototype and verified that the prototype was able to send four different waves to different directions. Additionally, the experiments’ results agree very well with the simulation results. Furthermore, we designed two types of DSM: pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse density modulation (PDM), and we verified that the PDM-VLC is better than the PWM-VLC regarding the DMD switching frequency’s efficiency. Our proposed DSM-VLC can be used for such applications as voice information guidance systems with direction-selective messages.
Tensor Grid Decomposition with Application to Tensor Completion

The recently prevalent tensor train (TT) and tensor ring (TR) decompositions can be graphically interpreted as (locally) linear interconnected latent factors and possess exponential decay of correlation. The projected entangled pair state (PEPS, also called two-dimensional TT) extends the spatial dimension of TT and its polycyclic structure can be considered as a square grid. Compared with TT, its algebraic decay of correlation means the enhancement of interaction between tensor modes. In this paper we adopt the PEPS and develop a tensor grid (TG) decomposition with its efficient realization termed splitting singular value decomposition (SSVD). By utilizing the alternating least squares (ALS) a method called TG-ALS is used to interpolate the missing entries of a tensor from its partial observations. Different kinds of data are used in the experiments, including synthetic data, color images and real-world videos. Experimental results demonstrate that the TG has much power of representation than TT and TR.
GREP: genome for REPositioning drugs

Abstract Summary Making use of accumulated genetic knowledge for clinical practice is our next goal in human genetics. Here we introduce GREP (Genome for REPositioning drugs), a standalone python software to quantify an enrichment of the user-defined set of genes in the target of clinical indication categories and to capture potentially repositionable drugs targeting the gene set. We show that genes identified by the large-scale genome-wide association studies were robustly enriched in the approved drugs to treat the trait of interest. This enrichment analysis was also highly applicable to other sets of biological genes such as those identified by gene expression studies and genes somatically mutated in cancers. This software should accelerate investigators to reposition drugs to other indications with the guidance of known genomics. Availability and implementation GREP is available at https://github.com/saorisakaue/GREP as a python source code. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analyzing the Spatiotemporal Patterns in Green Spaces for Urban Studies Using Location-Based Social Media Data

Green parks are vital public spaces and play a major role in urban living and well-being. Research on the attractiveness of green parks often relies on traditional techniques, such as questionnaires and in-situ surveys, but these methods are typically insignificant in scale, time-consuming, and expensive, with less transferable results and only site-specific outcomes. This article presents an investigative study that uses location-based social network (LBSN) data to collect spatial and temporal patterns of park visits in Shanghai metropolitan city. During the period from July 2016 to June 2017 in Shanghai, China, we analyzed the spatiotemporal behavior of park visitors for 157 green parks and conducted empirical research on the impacts of green spaces on the public’s behavior in Shanghai. Our main findings show (i) the check-in distribution of users in different green spaces; (ii) the seasonal effects on the public’s behavior toward green spaces; (iii) changes in the number of users based on the hour of the day, the intervals of the day (morning, afternoon, evening), and the day of the week; (iv) interesting user behavior variations that depend on temperature effects; and (v) gender-based differences in the number of green park visitors. These results can be used for the purpose of urban city planning for green spaces by accounting for the preferences of visitors.
Molecular Evolution of Tryptophan Hydroxylases in Vertebrates: A Comparative Genomic Survey

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Serotonin is also a precursor for melatonin biosynthesis, which mainly occurs in the pineal gland of vertebrates. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis and is the initial enzyme involved in the synthesis of melatonin. Recently, two enzymes—TPH1 and TPH2—were reported to form the TPH family in vertebrates and to play divergent roles in serotonergic systems. Here, we examined the evolution of the TPH family from 70 vertebrate genomes. Based on the sequence similarity, we extracted 184 predicted tph homologs in the examined vertebrates. A phylogenetic tree, constructed on the basis of these protein sequences, indicated that tph genes could be divided into two main clades (tph1 and tph2), and that the two clades were further split into two subgroups of tetrapods and Actinopterygii. In tetrapods, and some basal non-teleost ray-finned fishes, only two tph isotypes exist. Notably, tph1 in most teleosts that had undergone the teleost-specific genome duplication could be further divided into tph1a and tph1b. Moreover, protein sequence comparisons indicated that TPH protein changes among vertebrates were concentrated at the NH2-terminal. The tertiary structures of TPH1 and TPH2 revealed obvious differences in the structural elements. Five positively selected sites were characterized in TPH2 compared with TPH1; these sites may reflect the functional divergence in enzyme activity and substrate specificity. In summary, our current work provides novel insights into the evolution of tph genes in vertebrates from a comprehensive genomic perspective.
Study on a Fault Identification Method of the Hydraulic Pump Based on a Combination of Voiceprint Characteristics and Extreme Learning Machine

Aiming at addressing the problem that the faults in axial piston pumps are complex and difficult to effectively diagnose, an axial piston pump fault diagnosis method that is based on the combination of Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) and the extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. Firstly, a sound sensor is used to realize contactless sound signal acquisition of the axial piston pump. The wavelet packet default threshold denoises the original acquired sound signals. Afterwards, windowing and framing are added to the de-noised sound signals. The MFCC voiceprint characteristics of the processed sound signals are extracted. The voiceprint characteristics are divided into a training sample set and test sample set. ELM models with different numbers of neurons in the hidden layers are established for training and testing. The relationship between the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the recognition accuracy rate is obtained. The ELM model with the optimal number of hidden layer neurons is established and trained with the training sample set. The trained ELM model is applied to the test sample set for fault diagnosis. The fault diagnosis results are obtained. The fault diagnosis results of the ELM model are compared with those of the back propagation (BP) neural network and the support vector machine. The results show that the fault diagnosis method that is proposed in this paper has a higher recognition accuracy rate, shorter training and diagnosis times, and better application prospect.
Interactive effects of soil-dwelling ants, ant mounds and simulated grazing on local plant community composition

Interactions between aboveground vertebrate herbivores and subterranean yellow meadow ants (Lasius flavus) can drive plant community patterns in grassland ecosystems. Here, we study the relative importance of the presence of ants (L. flavus) and ant mounds under different simulated grazing regimes for biomass production and species composition in plant communities. We set up a greenhouse experiment using intact soil cores with their associated vegetation. We found that plant biomass production in the short term was affected by an interaction between simulated grazing (clipping) and ant mound presence. Clipping homogenized production on and off mounds, while in unclipped situations production was higher off than on mounds. During the experiment, these differences in unclipped situations disappeared, because production on unclipped mounds increased. Plant species richness was on average higher in clipped treatments and patterns did not change significantly over the experimental period. Plant community composition was mainly affected by clipping, which increased the cover of grazing-tolerant plant species. The actual presence of yellow meadow ants did not affect plant community composition and production. We conclude that the interaction between ant mounds and clipping determined plant community composition and biomass production, while the actual presence of ants themselves was not important. Moreover, clipping can overrule effects of ant mounds on biomass production. Only shortly after the cessation of clipping biomass production was affected by ant mound presence, suggesting that only under low intensity clipping ant mounds may become important determining plant production. Therefore, under low intensity grazing ant mounds may drive the formation of small-scale plant patches.
Willingness-to-pay and benefit–cost analysis of chemical peels for acne treatment in China

Background There have been few studies on economic evaluation of acne treatments. Chemical peel (CP), a treatment approach primarily aimed at removing acne hyperpigmentation and scarring, is gradually accepted in the Chinese market. Objectives This study aimed to detect willingness-to-pay (WTP) and to conduct a benefit–cost analysis for CP treatment among Chinese acne patients. Materials and methods The costs were obtained from the patient’s perspective and compared with benefits. The net benefits were approximated by WTP, using the contingent valuation method. A glycolic acid peel served as the demonstrated example. WTP and related information were inquired via an online questionnaire among the Chinese population. Factors for WTP were identified using generalized linear models. The benefit–cost ratio (BCR) was calculated. Discounting was not considered for both WTP and costs. Results The response rate of the survey was 95.4% among the 476 anonymous participants. The average cost for three-time CP treatment was USD 383.4. Statistically significant differences in WTP among the cases were identified. The mean WTP for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 was USD 234.6, 222.0, and 401.7, respectively. A statistically significant association between WTP and self-reported acne severity was observed for all cases after adjustments for demographic characteristics (P<0.01). The Cardiff Acne Disability Index was positively associated with WTP. The BCRs were 0.61, 0.58, and 1.4 for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. Conclusion Patients with acne in China are willing to pay for acne treatment. Although the benefits of CP treatment have not generally outweighed their aggregated costs, WTP for CP treatment was positively associated with self-reported acne severity and desirable efficacy of treatment. Individualized acne treatments are recommended to target a specific population in the Chinese market.