Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The proving of three dimensions in the P´olya’s random walk problem

Polya’s Random Walk Theorem is a particularly classical and interesting result and also opens the door for many other discussions of probability and statistics problem. This paper aims to present readers with simple cases of Polya’s Random Walk and provide a proof of Random Walk Theorem in d_i (i=1,2,3) based on direct counting method, getting the result of it’s recurrent in d_i (i=1,2) and transient in d_3. This paper states the background of the theorem in a very clear way, which makes the paper more scientific and reliable. The paper also contains some of the literature reviews showing the rigorous attitude of the authors towards science. The main part of this paper consists of the proving process of the three individual dimensions of the Polya’s random walk theorem, in which the authors use precises formulas and calculations to prove the recurrence of Polya’s random walk theorem. At last, the authors present Law of Large Numbers, the first concept of limit theorem, and give the proof of Markov’s Law of Large Numbers, in order to prove the availability of the proving process of the three dimensions, which makes the paper more well-founded.
Leveraging Communities of Practice and Pedagogies of Practice to Prepare Ambitious Teachers

Ambitious teachers view students as sense makers in collaborative learning of disciplinary ideas and value students’ assets as resources for learning. Preparing teachers to enact ambitious instruction requires an approach to professional learning that constructs connections between instructional practice and a vision of principled teaching. This study explored how pedagogies of practice and communities of practice support prospective teachers’ development of a mathematics teaching practice. The study findings suggest pedagogical activities situated within a community of practice may provide opportunities for prospective teachers to build an understanding of the relationship between a core teaching practice and principles of ambitious teaching.
Late Blight Resistance Conferred by Rpi-Smira2/R8 in Potato Genotypes In Vitro Depends on the Genetic Background

Potato production worldwide is threatened by late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Highly resistant potato cultivars were developed in breeding programs, using resistance gene pyramiding methods. In Sárpo Mira potatoes, five resistance genes (R3a, R3b, R4, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2/R8) are reported, with the latter gene assumed to be the major contributor. To study the level of late blight resistance conferred by the Rpi-Smira2/R8 gene, potato genotypes with only the Rpi-Smira2/R8 gene were selected from progeny population in which susceptible cultivars were crossed with Sárpo Mira. Ten R8 potato genotypes were obtained using stepwise marker-assisted selection, and agroinfiltration of the avirulence effector gene Avr4. Nine of these R8 genotypes were infected with both Slovenian P. infestans isolates and aggressive foreign isolates. All the progeny R8 genotypes are resistant to the Slovenian P. infestans isolate 02_07, and several show milder late blight symptoms than the corresponding susceptible parent after inoculation with other isolates. When inoculated with foreign P. infestans isolates, the genotype C571 shows intermediate resistance, similar to that of Sárpo Mira. These results suggest that Rpi-Smira2/R8 contributes to late blight resistance, although this resistance is not guaranteed solely by the presence of the R8 in the genome.
A School-Based Multilevel Intervention to Increase Physical Activity of Adolescents in Pakistan: From a Social-Ecological Perspective

This study aimed to develop an intervention strategy based on the social-ecological model’s individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels for increasing adolescents’ physical activity in Pakistan. Based on the social-ecological model, an 8-week intervention was conducted for 618 school students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design was adopted, administering self-report measures before and after the intervention. Intervention materials were delivered by leaflet once a week to the intervention group. Repeated measure analysis of variance was applied to verify the intervention effects at pre- and post-test conditions. The results show that a significant intervention effect was identified from the repeated measure analysis of variance for the intervention group’s physical activity participation compared to the control group from baseline (M = 12.01, SD = 0.136) to the 8-week post-test (M = 16.30, SD = 0.125). The intervention based on the social-ecological model has sufficiently and effectively improved physical activity among school adolescents in Pakistan.
Mechanical Characteristics of Monopile Foundation in Sand for Offshore Wind Turbine

The behaviour of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines deviates from classical assumptions and accumulated experience mainly due to their large diameters and reduced slenderness. The offshore environment, which is characterised by a large number of load cycles from wind and waves, poses an additional challenge because cyclic loads may change the soil properties which in turn influence the pile’s responses to the loads. Both of these issues are still not well understood and not being properly incorporated in current design guidelines. In drained sands, the accumulating displacements can lead to foundation failure. In addition, the effects of long-term cyclic loading on the foundation’s deformation and especially on its serviceability must also be studied. The purpose of this work was to provide an insight into both aspects, by developing a reasonable numerical tool for the soil-pile interaction. In order to achieve these goals, the investigations were designed to firstly carry out a comprehensive literature review on related issues such as the p-y analysis, cyclic induced soil deformation and stiffness effects, and the simulation of soil foundation interaction by means of numerical model tests in a reduced scale using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Several DEM models were developed in this research, including (1) a modified method of generating specimens for 2D DEM centrifuge model, (2) DEM analysis of rigid pile installation effects (3) a micromechanics study of rigid monopile under monotonic loading using DEM, (4) a discrete element method centrifuge model of rigid monopile under cyclic lateral loads, (5) a 2D DEM rigid monopile model under combined loading condition (appendix).
Three new brown dwarfs and a massive hot Jupiter revealed by TESS around early-type stars

The detection and characterization of exoplanets and brown dwarfs (BDs) around massive AF-type stars is essential to investigate and constrain the impact of stellar mass on planet properties. However, such targets are still poorly explored in radial velocity (RV) surveys because they only feature a small number of stellar lines and those are usually broadened and blended by stellar rotation as well as stellar jitter. As a result, the available information about the formation and evolution of planets and BDs around hot stars is limited. We aim to increase the sample and precisely measure the masses and eccentricities of giant planets and BDs transiting AF-type stars detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We followed bright (V<12 mag) stars with $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$>6200 K that host giant companions (R>7 $\mathrm{R_{\rm \oplus}}$) using ground-based photometric observations as well as high precision RV measurements from the CORALIE, CHIRON, TRES, FEROS, and MINERVA-Australis spectrographs. In the context, we present the discovery of three BD companions, TOI-629b, TOI-1982b, and TOI-2543b, and one massive planet, TOI-1107b. From the joint analysis we find the BDs have masses between 66 and 68 $\mathrm{M_{\rm Jup}}$, periods between 7.54 and 17.17 days, and radii between 0.95 and 1.11 $\mathrm{R_{\rm Jup}}$. The hot Jupiter TOI-1107b has an orbital period of 4.08 days, a radius of 1.30 $\mathrm{R_{\rm Jup}}$, and a mass of 3.35 $\mathrm{M_{\rm Jup}}$. As a by-product of this program, we identified four low-mass eclipsing components (TOI-288b, TOI-446b, TOI-478b, and TOI-764b). Both TOI-1107b and TOI-1982b present an anomalously inflated radius with respect to the age of these systems. TOI-629 is among the hottest stars with a known transiting brown dwarf. TOI-629b and TOI-1982b are among the most eccentric brown dwarfs.
PEMBANGUNAN APLIKASI PENYEWAAN APARTEMEN BERBASIS N-TIER DENGAN MOBILE DEVICE

Abstrak Perkembangan mobile device yang telah menaklukan kehidupan sosial manusia membuat aktivitas kerja seakan tiada terbatas oleh jarak maupun waktu. Dengan teknologi mobile tersebut, setiap orang dapat bekerja secara dinamis tanpa harus diam dan tertunduk kaku di depan monitor. Begitu juga pembangunan sistem penyewaan Apartemen yang sejak dulu sampai sekarang ini perkembangan sistemnya semakin pesat. Mulai dari penggunaan sistem secara konvensional yang masih manual, bertransformasi menggunakan web, sampai sekarang ini berbasis Android. Bisnis penyewaan aprtemen kedepannya sangat menjanjikan dikarenakan harga property yang setiap tahunnya melonjak, membuat para inverstor tertarik membeli dan menyewakan Apartemenya untuk orang lain, disamping itu juga letak Apartemen yang strategis yang letaknya berada di pusat bisnis, atau ibu kota membuat setiap orang akan tertarik memiliki atau menyewa Apartemen untuk beberapa malam saja atau perbulan bahkan pertahun. Dengan demikian aplikasi yang dibangun ini sangat membantu baik pihak manajemen Apartemen atau client dalam hal mempromosikan Apartemen mereka yang ingin disewakan dari si pemilik Apartemen tersebut sehingga client tidak perlu repot-repot mencari ke tiap-tiap Apartemen untuk mencari tau apakah masih ada yang di sewakan atau tidak. Kata kunci : mobile device, android, apartemen
Effects of Central and Peripheral Fatigue on Impact Characteristics during Running

Fatigue and impact can represent an injury risk factor during running. The objective of this study was to compare the impact transmission along the locomotor system between the central and peripheral fatigued states during running. Tibial and head acceleration as well as shock attenuation in the time- and frequency-domain were analyzed during 2-min of treadmill running in the pre- and post-fatigue state in eighteen male popular runners (N = 18). The impact transmission was measured before and after a 30-min central fatigue protocol on the treadmill or a peripheral fatigue protocol in the quadricep and hamstring muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer. The time-domain acceleration variables were not modified either by peripheral or central fatigue (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, central fatigue increased the maximum (p = 0.006) and total (p = 0.007) signal power magnitude in the high-frequency range in the tibia, and the attenuation variable in the low- (p = 0.048) and high-frequency area (p = 0.000), while peripheral fatigue did not cause any modifications in the frequency-domain variables (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the attenuation in the low (p = 0.000)- and high-frequency area was higher with central fatigue than peripheral fatigue (p = 0.003). The results demonstrate that central fatigue increases the severity of impact during running as well as the attenuation of low and high components.
Evaluation of Off-The-Shelf CNNs for the Representation of Natural Scenes with Large Seasonal Variations

This paper focuses on the evaluation of deep convolutional neural networks for the analysis of images of natural scenes subjected to large seasonal variation as well as significant changes of lighting conditions. The context is the development of tools for long-term natural environment monitoring with an autonomous mobile robot. We report various experiments conducted on a large dataset consisting of a weekly survey of the shore of a small lake over two years using an autonomous surface vessel. This dataset is used first in a place recognition task framed as a classification problem, then in a pose regression task and finally the internal features learned by the network are evaluated for their representation power. All our results are based on the Caffe library and default network structures where possible.
Efficient Smart Grid Load Balancing via Fog and Cloud Computing

As the cloud data centers size increases, the number of virtual machines (VMs) grows speedily. Application requests are served by VMs be located in the physical machine (PM). The rapid growth of Internet services has created an imbalance of network resources. Some hosts have high bandwidth usage and can cause network congestion. Network congestion affects overall network performance. Cloud computing load balancing is an important feature that needs to be optimized. Therefore, this research proposes a 3-tier architecture, which consists of Cloud layer, Fog layer, and Consumer layer. The Cloud serves the world, and Fog analyzes the services at the local edge of network. Fog stores data temporarily, and the data is transmitted to the cloud. The world is classified into 6 regions on the basis of 6 continents in consumer layer. Consider Area 0 as North America, for which two fogs and two cluster buildings are considered. Microgrids (MG) are used to supply energy to consumers. In this research, a real-time VM migration algorithm for balancing fog load has been proposed. Load balancing algorithms focus on effective resource utilization, maximum throughput, and optimal response time. Compared to the closest data center (CDC), the real-time VM migration algorithm achieves 18% better cost results and optimized response time (ORT). Realtime VM migration and ORT increase response time by 11% compared to dynamic reconFigure with load (DRL) with load. Realtime VM migration always seeks the best solution to minimize cost and increase processing time.
Influence of Economics Teachers Attitude on Attitude and Academic Performance Senior Secondary School Students in Bauchi Zone, Bauchi State

The study is carried out to investigate the impact of economics teachers’ attitude on student’s attitude and academic performance in Bauchi Educational zone, the population of 29,199 senior secondary school two (SSII) students of government owned senior secondary schools their Two hundred and Forty-Five, (245) economics teachers was used. From the population of the study, the sample sizes of 420 students and 21 economics teachers were drawn. The drawing of the sample size was guided by Kreycie and Morgan (1970) table of sampling, the sample was drawn using stratified or multi stage sampling procedure. Three research questions and two null hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The data obtained was analyzed using the appropriate tools and procedure in SPSS version 26. The result revealed a positive relationship between teacher attitude and students’ attitude towards learning Economics. The result also revealed that students’ attitude towards learning of Economic has a significant impact on their academic performance. Among many suggestions and recommendations raised, teachers were advised to build excellent rapport with students and create an attractive and enjoyable environment to ensure students are dynamically involving in the classroom activities so that to arouse their attitudes towards Economics.
Fabrication of Polymer Microfluidics: An Overview

Microfluidic platform technology has presented a new strategy to detect and analyze analytes and biological entities thanks to its reduced dimensions, which results in lower reagent consumption, fast reaction, multiplex, simplified procedure, and high portability. In addition, various forces, such as hydrodynamic force, electrokinetic force, and acoustic force, become available to manipulate particles to be focused and aligned, sorted, trapped, patterned, etc. To fabricate microfluidic chips, silicon was the first to be used as a substrate material because its processing is highly correlated to semiconductor fabrication techniques. Nevertheless, other materials, such as glass, polymers, ceramics, and metals, were also adopted during the emergence of microfluidics. Among numerous applications of microfluidics, where repeated short-time monitoring and one-time usage at an affordable price is required, polymer microfluidics has stood out to fulfill demand by making good use of its variety in material properties and processing techniques. In this paper, the primary fabrication techniques for polymer microfluidics were reviewed and classified into two categories, e.g., mold-based and non-mold-based approaches. For the mold-based approaches, micro-embossing, micro-injection molding, and casting were discussed. As for the non-mold-based approaches, CNC micromachining, laser micromachining, and 3D printing were discussed. This review provides researchers and the general audience with an overview of the fabrication techniques of polymer microfluidic devices, which could serve as a reference when one embarks on studies in this field and deals with polymer microfluidics.
A Power Converter based on the combination of Cuk and Positive Output Super Lift Lou Converters : Circuit Analysis, Simulation and Experimental Validation

This paper has proposed a novel transformerless high gain DC-DC converter. The combination of the Cuk and positive output super lift Luo converter (POSLL converter) has formed the topology of the recommended topology. The continuous input current, the low normalized value of the current/voltage stresses of the semiconductors, the low dimension of the topology due to less stored energy, the common ground point of the input/output terminals, and the high efficiency besides the high voltage gain are the bold features of the proposed topology that makes it suitable for applying in renewable applications and High-intensity discharge lamps (HID). Such a topology has been designed for a continuous conduction mode. However, the function of the converter has been explained in both continuous/discontinuous conduction modes (CCM/DCM). The governing equations of both ideal/non-ideal states have been reported. Moreover, the recommended topology with the recently suggested high gain topologies has been compared in both the ideal/non-ideal modes. The simulation and experimental outcomes have been reported at the end of this study. The simulation in PLECS and experiments on a 120 W prototype have led to substantial results that confirm the validity and applicability of the theoretical analysis on the proposed converter.
Direct laser writing of graphene oxide for ultra-low power consumption memristors in reservoir computing for digital recognition

: A memristor is a promising candidate of new electronic synaptic devices for neuromorphic computing. However, conventional memristors often exhibit complex device structures, cumbersome manufacturing processes, and high energy consumption. Graphene-based materials show great potential as the building materials of memristors. With direct laser writing technology, this paper proposes a lateral memristor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Pt as electrodes and graphene oxide (GO) as function material. This Pt/GO/rGO memristor with a facile lateral structure can be easily fabricated and demonstrates an ultra-low energy consumption of 200 nW. Typical synaptic behaviors are successfully emulated. Meanwhile, the Pt/GO/rGO memristor array is applied in the reservoir computing network, performing the digital recognition with a high accuracy of 95.74%. This work provides a simple and low-cost preparation method for the massive production of artificial synapses with low energy consumption, which will greatly facilitate the development of neural network computing hardware platforms.
Gaussian process regression for ultrasound scanline interpolation

Abstract. Purpose: In ultrasound imaging, interpolation is a key step in converting scanline data to brightness-mode (B-mode) images. Conventional methods, such as bilinear interpolation, do not fully capture the spatial dependence between data points, which leads to deviations from the underlying probability distribution at the interpolation points. Approach: We propose Gaussian process (GP) regression as an improved method for ultrasound scanline interpolation. Using ultrasound scanlines acquired from two different ultrasound scanners during in vivo trials, we compare the scanline conversion accuracy of three standard interpolation methods with that of GP regression, measuring the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean absolute error (MAE) for each method. Results: The PSNR and MAE scores show that GP regression leads to more accurate scanline conversion compared to the nearest neighbor, bilinear, and cubic spline interpolation methods, for both datasets. Furthermore, limiting the interpolation window size of GP regression to 15 reduces computation time with minimal to no reduction in PSNR. Conclusions: GP regression quantitatively leads to more accurate scanline conversion and provides uncertainty estimates at each of the interpolation points. Our windowing method reduces the computational cost of using GP regression for scanline conversion.
Design of Double PSDs mounting plate on the tracing measurement system

On the tracing measurement system, which based on the double position sensitive detectors (PSDs), the position of the same moving point can be detected synchronously through two PSD sensors that have a certain distance. The point will be imaged on both PSDs, and two groups of plane coordinates will be obtained, then the spatial coordinates of the moving point will be obtained through coordinate transformation. To different measuring range, the double PSDs mounting plate on the tracing measurement system can adjust the space relative position of the PSDs, including relative swing angle, pitch angle and light heart relative distance, besides, it can hold its relative position, thus the mounting plate has five degrees of freedoms (DOFs) that can be adjusted. The design of many DOFs adjustable mounting plate is the key technology of the tracing measurement system which based on the double PSDs. The design of double PSDs mounting plate on the tracing measurement system (mainly includes four DOFs platform support and the support to adjust the positions of the PSD and the lens) was completed in this paper, and the designed plate met the design requirements.