Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Heat-Shock Response Relevant to Molecular and Structural Changes in Wheat Yield and Quality

When wheat coleoptiles or plants are subjected to a period of heat stress (e.g, at > 35oC for 1 h or more), there is a reduction in normal protein synthesis, accompanied by de novo synthesis of the classical range of heat-shock proteins (based on radioactive tracer experiments) in virtually all parts of the plant. Study of coleoptile elongation rates indicates that this synthesis is related to a protective effect, whereby a preliminary heat shock provides a degree of protection against a later lethal shock. This thermotolerance is also associated with the appearance in coleoptiles and roots of a small peptide (detected without radioactive labelling) whose amino acid sequence (12 residues) is the same as the N-terminal sequence of the alpha- and beta-gliadin proteins of the endosperm. Heat stress during grain filling leads to important changes in the synthesis of gluten proteins with reduced synthesis of the high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin, and continuing synthesis of other gluten proteins, particularly various gliadin proteins. This latter group of polypeptides is thus presumed to be acting as heat-shock proteins, and indeed, multiple heat-shock elements are present in the published sequences of representative genes, up-stream of the coding regions. HPLC analysis (with or without radioactive labelling) shows that there is a resulting change from the normal balance of gluten polypeptides immediately after the shock as well as in the mature grain. As a result, there is a lower proportion of large-sized aggregates of glutenin and weaker dough properties. This scenario indicates that it should be possible to identify genotypes that would be tolerant to stressrelated variations in quality by analysis of gluten composition and, at the gene level, by screening for heat-stress elements in the genes encoding HMW-glutenin subunits. In addition, heat stress modifies the particle size distribution of the starch fraction of mature grain, producing an increase in the proportion of large (A-type) starch granules. No change in chemical structure was detectable as a result of heat stress.
EFECTOS CITOGENÉTICOS PRODUCIDOS POR LOS HERBICIDAS URÉICOS DIURÓN Y LINURÓN EN Vicia faba Y EN LINFOCITOS HUMANOS EN CULTIVO

In order to evaluate the cytogenetic effect of diuron and linuron, sister chromatid exchanges ( SCE ) in cells of Vicia faba root tips and in human lymphocytes in culture were used as test systems. Both herbicides did not induce SCE in these biological materials except at the lowest concentration of linuron (10 ppm) which produced a significant response only in Vicia .
Geometrische, elektronische und vibronische Eigenschaften der reinen und defektbehafteten V2O5(010)-Oberfläche und deren Wechselwirkung mit Adsorbaten: Theoretische Untersuchungen

Titelblatt, Inhaltsverzeichnis I Einleitung 7 II Theorie 11 1 Dichtefunktionaltheorie 13 2 Clustermodelle 21 3 Chemische Konzepte 23 4 Geometrieoptimierung 45 5 Vibrationsanalyse 49 III Ergebnisse 59 6 Die reine V2O5-Oberflache 61 7 Die defektbehaftete V2O5-Oberflache 93 8 Wechselwirkung mit CO 119 9 Wechselwirkung mit H und H2 163 IV Zusammenfassung / Summary 173 V Anhang 179 A Berechnung der Orbitalmatrix der chemischen Harte 181 B Gekoppelte Schwingungen 183 Literaturverzeichnis 185 Danksagungen, Lebenslauf 191
Stand age and soils as drivers of plant functional traits and aboveground biomass in secondary tropical dry forest

The distribution of tropical forest biomass across the landscape is poorly understood, particularly in increasingly common secondary tropical forests. We studied the landscape-scale distribution of edaphic properties, plant community characteristics, and aboveground biomass (AGB) in secondary tropical dry forests in northwest Costa Rica. We used structural equation modeling to examine conceptual models of relationships among these factors, with data from 84 0.1 ha plots. Stand age and soils explained 33%–60% of the variation in community-weighted mean values of foliar traits including specific leaf area, foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and δ13C. Aboveground biomass ranged from 1.7 to 409 Mg·ha−1 among plots between 5 and >100 years old. Stand age alone explained 46% of the variation in AGB among plots, while a model including age, soil pH, traits, and forest type explained 58%. Stand age was the most important variable explaining the distribution of AGB and community characteristics in secondary forests. We .
Assessing senescence patterns in populations of large mammals

Assessing senescence patterns in populations of large mammals. — Theoretical models such as those of Gompertz and Weibull are commonly used to study senescence in survival for humans and laboratory or captive animals. For wild populations of vertebrates, senescence in survival has more commonly been assessed by fitting simple linear or quadratic relationships between survival and age. By using appropriate constraints on survival parameters in Capture–Mark–Recapture (CMR) models, we propose a first analysis of the suitability of the Gompertz and the two-parameter Weibull models for describing aging–related mortality in free–ranging populations of ungulates. We first show how to handle the Gompertz and the two–parameter Weibull models in the context of CMR analyses. Then we perform a comparative analysis of senescence patterns in both sexes of two ungulate species highly contrasted according to the intensity of sexual selection. Our analyses provide support to the Gompertz model for describing senescence patterns in ungulates. Evolutionary implications of our results are discussed.
Cognitive assessment in the elderly. Normative data of a Spanish population sample older than 70 years

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To define the parameters of normal cognitive performance in an easy to administer neuropsychological battery of a Spanish population sample of elderly over 70 years. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We examined 527 home dwelling elderly from the longitudinal study Envejecer en Leganes, 71 to 99 years old (mean age [SD] 79 [6.2] years, 51.8% women, 38.7% without formal education), with an extensive clinical survey, a neurological exam and the following neuropsychological battery: Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Mini Mental State Examination, Benton Orientation Test, Bell Test, Verbal Fluency, Clock Drawing Test, Trail Making Test, Free and Cued Figures Recall, Logic Memory, Naming, incidental Recall, Delayed Recall, Similarities, IQCODE Questionnaire Of Jorm and Depression Questionnaire CES-D. 111 cases who rejected the assessment or had sensomotor limitations were excluded. 368 non demented subjects (according to DSM-IV criteria; 88.5% of the de 416 remaining cases) were selected to establish the normative data of every test. RESULTS: The analyzed subsample was representative of the total sample. The normative data for every neuropsychological test were obtained in the total group of non demented subjects and in the subgroups stratified by four age levels and two cultural levels. The mean values, standard deviations, range and percentiles for every test and subgroup are presented. CONCLUSIONS: The normative data obtained in this population sample for a neuropsychological battery easy to administer to poorly educated elderly can be useful to rigourously apply the criteria of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in future clinical and population studies.
Choosing environmental policy : comparing instruments and outcomes in the United States and Europe

Preface Overview: Comparing Instrument Choices Winston Harrington, Richard D. Morgenstern and Thomas Sterner 1. SO2 Emissions in Germany: Regulations to Fight Waldsterben Frank W tzold 2. SO2 Cap-and-Trade Program in the United States: A 'Living Legend' of Market Effectiveness Dallas Burtraw and Karen Palmer 3. Industrial Water Pollution in the United States: Direct Regulation or Market Incentive? Winston Harrington 4. Industrial Water Pollution in the Netherlands: A Fee-based Approach Hans Th.A. Bressers and Kris R.D. Lulofs 5. NOx Emissions in France and Sweden: Advanced Fee Schemes versus Regulation Katrin Millock and Thomas Sterner 6. NOx Emissions in the United States:A Potpourri of Policies Dallas Burtraw and David A. Evans 7. CFCs:A Look Across Two Continents James K. Hammitt 8. Leaded Gasoline in the United States: The Breakthrough of Permit Trading Richard G. Newell and Kristian Rogers 9. Leaded Gasoline in Europe: Differences in Timing and Taxes Henrik Hammar and sa L fgren 10. Trichloroethylene in Europe: Ban versus Tax Thomas Sterner 11. Trichloroethylene in the United States:Embracing Market-Based Approaches? Miranda Loh and Richard D. Morgenstern Lessons from the Case Studies Winston Harrington, Richard D. Morgenstern,Thomas Sterner, and J. Clarence (Terry) Davies Index
Responses of Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) abundance 1 year after application of wood ash in a northern hardwood forest

Wood ash may be an effective soil amendment in North America to restore acidified and low-nutrient forest soils, but little research exists beyond its effects on soil and plants. Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus (Green, 1818)) abundance was assessed in a northern hardwood forest 1 year following an ash-addition field trial. Plots were established with fly ash and bottom ash treatments of 0, 1, 4, and 8 Mg·ha−1 (n = 4), and cover boards were positioned both with and without ash beneath. One year following ash additions, salamander abundance had increased under boards with fly ash beneath, and bottom ash had no effect. Soil pH and electrical conductivity increased under cover boards with ash beneath them and for uncovered soil, and the effects were strongest under cover boards with ash beneath. The effects of ash were generally stronger at higher dosages, and fly ash was stronger than bottom ash. The moisture holding capacity of fly ash was 60% higher than the soil and was 63% lower than th.
FORMULATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH DESIGN FORMULA FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS CONSIDERING SIZE EFFECT

In the present study, three RIC beam specimens with the depth of 600, 900 and 1200mm were tested to clarify the size effect in large scale RIC beams. Furthermore, shear strength design equation is formulated on the basis of the multi-fractal scaling law modified with the fracture mechanics parameter and the current design formula. Finally, validity of the proposed formula is verified in comparison with the existing test data.
Disruption of Mating in the Navel Orangeworm with (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal

( Z , Z )-11,13-hexadecadienal was tested in almond orchards for disruption of mating in the navel orangeworm moth, Amyelois transitella (Walker). Best results were obtained in air permeation trials with this pheromone formulated in laminate dispensers at 8.9 g/ha. Orientation of males to caged females positioned near the bottom of the orchard canopy (2 m) was disrupted 99% for the 39-day period after treatment. Disruption was less effective at 5 m. Disruption of male catches in female-baited traps was accompanied by reductions in the mating success of dealated females placed in test plots.
Enhanced Control Scheme for a Three-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter under Unbalanced Fault Conditions

This paper presents an improved control strategy to cancel the double grid frequency oscillations in the active power, reactive power, and DC-link voltage of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under unbalanced grid condition. To achieve these goals, an enhanced positive–negative-sequence control (PNSC) to remove oscillations of active power and an instantaneous active–reactive control (IARC) to mitigate the fluctuations of active and reactive power, simultaneously, are suggested. These methods are also effective to reduce the oscillations of the DC-link voltage. To track the desired unbalanced or harmonic reference currents, improved proportional resonant (PR) current controllers have been designed using the Bode frequency analysis. Simulation studies are carried out via Matlab/Simulink® software to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control strategies.
RELATIVE NON- TOXICITY OF THREE LOCAL PLANT APHRODISIACS IN NIGERIA’S NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA

This study on three medicinal plants namely; Nauclea latifolia S.M. , Amblygonocarpus andongensis, and Bridelia africana (collected from Tafashiya and Fakuwa villages, Kankia Local Government Area, Katsina state) was carried out to determine their toxicity, using 30 albino rats in groups of 5 (2 males & 3 females) plus a control group making a total of six (6) groups. Fairly uniform conditions of age, weight, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, rat feed and water were maintained before administering the extracts in doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, according to the procedure of Lorke. The extracts were found to be practically non-toxic (LD50 = 0 mg/kg) via qualitative analysis of the powdered samples, aqueous and ethanolic extracts based on standard procedures of Sofowora, Harborne, Trease and Evans as adopted by Edeoga et al (2005) and Ganesan and Bhatt (2008). The active ingredients were saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac and steroid glycosides. However, flavonoids were not detected in B. africana. Nevertheless the detected ingredients all constitute a synergistic aggregate that is most likely responsible for the observed non-toxicity characteristic.
Freelancing as a Tool of Increasing Women’s Activity Rate in Kosovo

2 Acknowledgements . 3 List of Figures . 6 List of Tables . 6 List of Abbreviations . 7 Statement of Problem . 8 Literature Review . 8 Overview of Women Activity Rate in Kosovo . 8 Reasons for Inactivity . 9 Family Responsibilities . 9 Lack of Job Opportunities . 10 Lack of Affordable and Available Childcare Services . 11 Education and Training . 12 Introducing Freelancing . 13 Opportunities of Freelance Work . 15 Challenges of Freelance Work . 16 Freelancing and Women Activity Rate: The Case of Bangladesh . 17 Methodology . 19 Secondary Data . 19 Primary Data . 20 Survey . 20 Focus Group Discussion . 20 Personal Interview . 21 Limitations . 21 Results from Secondary Data Research . 21 Women in Online Work WoW . 24 Primary Research Results . 28 Barriers in the Labor Market . 29 Perception of Freelancing in Kosovo . 31 Freelance activity . 32 Women and Freelancing . 35
ETHICS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

Psychiatric disorders are widely prevalent worldwide. Surveys conducted in developed as well as developing countries have shown that, during their entire lifetime, more than 25% of individuals develop one or more mental or behavioural disorders (WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium, 2004). About 450 million people are estimated to be suffering from neuropsychiatric conditions (WHO World Mental Health Report, 2001). These conditions included unipolar depressive disorders, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcohol and selected drug use disorders, Alzheimer's and other dementias, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive and compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and primary insomnia. The most common diagnoses in primary care settings are depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. These disorders are present either alone or in addition to one or more physical disorders.
The coordinated spread of coronavirus disinformation

Analysis of over 25.5 million tweets over 10 days identifies 5,752 accounts that coordinated 6,559 times to spread misand disinformation regarding the coronavirus for either commercial or political purposes. Almost all politically motivated activity promoted right wing governments or parties. Coordinated spreading of the China bioweapon conspiracy theory is estimated to have made over 5 million impressions on Twitter users, spread by mainly pro-Trump, partisan conservative and/or QAnon accounts.
INCORPORATING INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND MULTI-TEMPORAL SAR TECHNIQUES TO RETRIEVE RAPID POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION

Abstract. This study investigates the ongoing postseismic deformation induced by two moderate mainshocks of Mw 6.1 and Mw 6.0, 2017 Hojedk earthquake in Southern Iran. Available Sentinel-1 TOPS C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images over about one year after the earthquakes are used to analyze the postseismic activities. An adaptive method incorporating Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and multi-temporal Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) Interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques is proposed and implemented to recover the rapid deformation. This method is applied to the series of interferograms generated in a fully constructed SBAS network to retrieve the postseismic deformation signal. ICA algorithm uses a linear transformation to decompose the input mixed signal to its source components, which are non-Gaussian and mutually independent. This analysis allows extracting the low rate postseismic deformation signal from a mixture of interferometric phase components. The independent sources recovered from the multi-temporal InSAR dataset are then analyzed using a group clustering test aiming to identify and enhance the undescribed deformation signal. Analysis of the processed interferograms indicates a promising performance of the proposed method in determining tectonic deformation. The proposed method works well, mainly when the tectonic signal is dominated by the undesired signals, including atmosphere or orbital/unwrapping noise that counts as temporally uncorrelated components.In contrast to the standard SBAS time series method, the ICA-based time series analysis estimates the cumulative deformation with no prior assumption about elevation dependence of the interferometric phase or temporal nature of the tectonic signal. Application of the method to 433 Sentinel-1 pairs within the dataset reports two distinct deformation patches corresponding to the postseismic deformation. Besides the performance of the ICA-based analysis, the proposed method automatically detects rapid or low rate tectonic processes in unfavorable conditions.
An Efficient Method of Extracting DNA from Bone Remains from the Spanish Civil War—A Comparative Study of Two Methods: PrepFiler BTATM and DNAzol®

Introduction In recent years Spain has begun the process of recovering the bodies of people who went missing during the Spanish Civil War. This project has been named “Recovery of Historical Memory. ” The first 24 bodies which were lying in the “Pozo de las Brujas” (Arucas-Gran Canaria) were recovered in December 2008. These remains had been thrown inside a well on March 19, 1937. This well was approximately 50 metres deep and had never produced water (Figure 1).
Stand Structure of A Seasonal Dry Evergreen Forest at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Thailand

We describe the structure of a stand of seasonal dry evergreen forest located in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (HKK), Uthai Thani Province based on a census of all trees ≥1 cm dbh in a 50 ha plot. Mean densities were 1613 trees ha (≥1 cm dbh), 439 trees ha (≥10 cm), and 3.74 trees ha (≥100 cm). Mean basal area was 30.45 m ha (≥1 cm dbh), 28.69 m ha (≥10 cm dbh), 5.57 m ha (≥100 cm dbh). The stand structure (density and basal area) of the seasonal dry evergreen forest at HKK is comparable to published reports of stand structure for other seasonal evergreen forests in Thailand and would appear to be generally representative of the forest type. The HKK plot was much less dense (1613 trees ha ≥1 cm dbh) than similar plots in Malaysia (6769 trees ha ≥1 cm dbh) and Panama (4882 trees ha ≥1 cm dbh), although had similar values for total basal area. The major difference between the forest types was in the density of the saplings. For trees ≥ 10 cm dbh the seasonal dry evergreen forest plot was as dense or denser than the lowland tropical forest plots. Individual tree species’ diameter distributions exhibited a variety of forms, from negative exponential to unimodal to irregular; however, among the 20 most common species unimodal and irregular diameter distributions were twice as frequent as negative exponential distributions. The diameter distribution of Hopea odorata Roxb. , the species with the greatest basal area on the plot, was unimodal and approximately normal. These results suggest that the area in and around the HKK plot may have been subject to a large-scale catastrophic disturbance.
Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study between Employees of Local and Foreign Bank in the Northern Region of Malaysia

DOI: 10.21276/sjbms.2018. 3.4. 10 Abstract: This study intends to examine the relationship and impact between servant leadership and organizational commitment in the context of bank employees. Moreover, it intends to discover the differences between bank employees who are working in the local and foreign banks in the Northern Region of Malaysia. Questionnaires had been distributed among bankers in local and foreign banks in the states of the Northern States of Malaysia, namely Penang, Perak, and Kedah. Almost 300 questionnaires were distributed. This paper adapted servant leadership instrument from Van Dierendonck and Nuijten. Furthermore, the organizational commitment had been adopted from Meyer and Allen. The study provide a better understanding of the right leadership in fostering employees commitment, improve the leader-follower relationship and allow more leaders to realize the benefits of using servant leadership in increasing their relationship with their subordinates, influencing the subordinates’ positive job behavior as well as increasing their subordinates’ satisfaction and commitment with their job, department, and organization. Furthermore, this study urges the human resource department to conduct proper leadership training to their employees to promote new ideas toward servant leadership to improve the leadership skills among bank employees that may lead to rising up their organizational commitment.
Equality of Opportunity and Human Capital Accumulation: Motivational Effect of a Nationwide Scholarship in Colombia

We study the ex-ante motivational effect of a nationwide merit and need-based scholarship in Colombia. Ser Pilo Paga (SPP) is a program that grants full scholarships at top-quality universities for 10,000 low-income students per cohort. After its introduction in 2014, SPP completely closed the socioeconomic enrollment gap for highperforming students in top universities. Using administrative data on the universe of high-school seniors, we explore whether this unprecedented change in opportunities generated an ex-ante motivational effect on eligible students’ performance in the 2015 national high school exit exam. Our results from a Difference in Difference model and a Regression Discontinuity Design indicate that the need-based eligibility to the scholarship had a substantial effect on test scores at the top of the distribution, starting around the 70 percentile. For example, at the 90 percentile of the test score distribution, eligibility to the scholarship reduced the socioeconomic achievement gap by 17 percent. We also find that the motivational effect is concentrated in schools where at least one student received the scholarship in 2014, and that university enrollment rates even increased for eligible students who obtained a test score just below the requirement to obtain the scholarship. Our results highlight the way in which the lack of opportunities for social mobility discourages human capital accumulation by low income students, thus contributing to the persistence of poverty and inequality. JEL codes: H52, I24, I25, O15
Hybridization between Two Cyprinids, Chrosomus eos and Chrosomus neogaeus

gaeus, henceforth to be referred to in this paper as eos and neogaeus, has been mentioned in the papers of Bailey and Oliver (1939), Green (1935), Greeley (1934), Greeley and Bishop (1933), Greeley and Greene (1931), Hubbs (1955), and Hubbs and Brown (1929). The latter observed that eos and neogaeus frequently hybridize and commented on the intermediacy of several characteristics. However, there has towards eos. Various aspects of the problem are discussed. The conclusion, tentatively reached, is that introgression is occurring.