Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Setting, Strength, and Autogenous Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Slag Pastes: Effect of Slag Content

The engineering properties of alkali activated materials (AAMs) mainly depend on the constituent materials and their mixture proportions. Despite many studies on the characterization of AAMs, guidelines for mixture design of AAMs and their applications in engineering practice are not available. Extensive experimental studies are still necessary for the investigation of the role of different constituents on the properties of AAMs. This paper focuses on the development of alkali-activated fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) paste mixtures in order to determine their suitability for making concretes. In particular, the influence of the GBFS/FA ratio and liquid-to-binder (l/b) ratio on the slump, setting, strength, and autogenous shrinkage of the alkali activated pastes is studied.It is shown that fresh properties largely depend on the type of precursor (GBFS or FA). The slump and setting time of GBFS-rich pastes was significantly reduced. These pastes also have higher compressive strength than FA-rich pastes. The study identifies important practical challenges for application of the studied mixtures, such as the behavior of their flexural strength and high amplitudes of autogenous shrinkage of GBFS-rich mixtures. Finally, the optimum GBFS/FA ratio for their future use in concretes is recommended.
Dietary Assimilation among Mexican Children in Immigrant Households: Code-switching and Healthy Eating across Social Institutions

Immigrant health assimilation is often framed as a linear, individualistic process. Yet new assimilation theory and structural theories of health behavior imply variation in health assimilation as immigrants and their families interact with different US social institutions throughout the day. We test this idea by analyzing how two indicators of dietary assimilation—food acculturation and healthy eating—vary throughout the day as Mexican children in immigrant households consume food in different institutional settings. Using individual fixed-effects models and data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we find that Mexican children in immigrant households (N = 2,337) engage in “dietary code-switching,” eating more acculturated but not necessarily less healthy food in schools and more acculturated but less healthy food in restaurants compared to homes. Findings advance theory and knowledge about how social institutions condition dietary assimilation in particular and health assimilation more broadly.
Efficacy and Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents Optimized for Biocompatibility vs Bare-Metal Stents With a Single Month of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Meta-analysis

Importance A significant number of patients receive bare-metal stents (BMSs) instead of drug-eluting stents (DESs) to shorten the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Emerging evidence suggests that new-generation DESs, particularly those optimized for biocompatibility, may be more efficacious and safer than BMSs, even with a single month of DAPT after stent implantation. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DESs compared with BMSs for coronary intervention with a single month of DAPT. Data Sources Human studies found in PubMed, the Cochrane databases through April 2018, and reference lists of selected articles. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials were included if they enrolled patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and randomly assigned each patient to treatment with either DESs or BMSs. The additional inclusion criterion was use of only 1 month of DAPT poststent implantation. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures The efficacy end points were major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality at 1 year. The safety outcomes were stent thrombosis and bleeding complications. Results Data from 3 randomized clinical trials involving 3943 patients were included (2457 men [62.3%]; mean [SD] age ranging from 75.7 [9.3] years to 81.4 [4.3] years per trial subgroup). Coronary intervention with DESs reduced the rates for major adverse cardiac events (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.57-0.82]; P < .001), target lesion revascularization (OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.22-0.67]; P = .001), target vessel revascularization (OR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.38-0.65]; P < .001), and myocardial infarction (OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.31-0.83]; P = .01) compared with BMSs at 1 year. The incidence of stent thrombosis was also lower with DESs compared with BMSs (1.8% vs 2.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant in the random-effects model. Additionally, the 2 stent types did not differ in the risks of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and bleeding. Conclusions and Relevance In the limited number of randomized clinical trials comparing DESs with BMSs with shortened DAPT durations in patients who have high bleeding risk or are uncertain candidates for prolonged DAPT, coronary intervention with specific DESs optimized for biocompatibility is not only safe but also efficacious, even with only 1 month of DAPT.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Elektrokimya Konusundaki Kavram Yanılgılarının Belirlenmesi

Bu calismada, ogretmen adaylarinin elektrokimya konusundaki kavram yanilgilarinin tespit edilmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirma da nitel ve nicel teknikler bir arada kullanilmistir. Calismada, elektrokimya konusu ile ilgili olarak gelistirilen 20 sorudan olusan coktan secmeli elektrokimya kavram testi, mulakat ve odak grup gorusmesi veri toplama araclari olarak kullanilmistir. Veriler, Genel Kimya dersi kapsaminda elektrokimya konusu islendikten sonra toplanmistir. Calismanin orneklemini, 2011-2012 egitim ogretim yilinda Kazim Karabekir Egitim Fakultesi Fen Bilgisi Ogretmenligi Programi 1.sinifinda ogrenim goren toplam 95 ogretmen adayi olusturmaktadir. Elektrokimya Kavram Testi (EKT), calisma kapsamindaki ogretmen adaylarinin tamamina uygulanmistir. EKT sonucuna gore secilen bazi ogretmen adaylariyla yari yapilandirilmis mulakat ve odak grup gorusmesi yapilmistir. Arastirmanin bulgulari, ogretmen adaylarinin elektrokimya konusundaki kavramsal anlayislarinin arzu edilen duzeyde olmadigini ve cok sayida kavram yanilgilarina sahip olduklarini ortaya koymaktadir. Konuyla ilgili olarak daha once yapilmis olan arastirmalarda tespit edilen yanilgilardan farkli olarak bircok yeni kavram yanilgisi belirlenmistir.
Yi-nao-jie-yu Prescription Exerts a Positive Effect on Neurogenesis by Regulating Notch Signals in the Hippocampus of Post-stroke Depression Rats

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most frequent complications of stroke. The Yi-nao-jie-yu prescription (YNJYP) is an herbal prescription widely used as a therapeutic agent against PSD in traditional Chinese medicine. Disruption of adult neurogenesis has attracted attention as a potential cause of cognitive pathophysiology in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in neurogenesis. This study investigated the effects of YNJYP on adult neurogenesis and explored its underlying molecular mechanism in a rat model of PSD that is established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and accompanied by chronic immobilization stress for 1 week. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, depression-like behavior was evaluated by a forced swim test (FST) and sucrose consumption test (SCT). Neurogenesis was observed by double immunofluorescence staining. Notch signals were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results show that, at 4 weeks, the immobility time in the FST for rats in the PSD group increased and the sucrose preference in the SCT decreased compared with that in the stroke group. Therefore, YNJYP decreased the immobility time and increased the sucrose preference of the PSD rats. Further, PSD interfered with neurogenesis and decreased the differentiation toward neurons of newly born cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and increased the differentiation toward astrocytes, effects that were reversed by YNJYP, particularly at 4 weeks. At 2 weeks, compared with the stroke group, expression of target gene Hes5 mRNA transcripts in the PSD group decreased, but increased after treatment with YNJYP. At 4 weeks, compared with the stroke group, the expression of Notch receptor Notch1 mRNA transcripts in the PSD group decreased, but also increased after treatment with YNJYP. Overall, this study indicated that disturbed nerve regeneration, including the increased numbers of astrocytes and decrease numbers of neurons, is a mechanism of PSD, and Notch signaling genes dynamically regulate neurogenesis. Moreover, YNJYP can relieve depressive behavior in PSD rats, and exerts a positive effect on neurogenesis by dynamically regulating the expression of Notch signaling genes.
Association of Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene Polymorphisms With Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder that increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. High plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) plays an important role in Hcy homeostasis catalyzing the irreversible degradation of Hcy to cystathionine, protecting the endothelium from injury caused by hypoxia. Several mutations and polymorphisms may alter the expression of the CBS gene, resulting in variable levels of Hcy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CBS gene polymorphisms with PE in Mexican women. A case–control study consisting of 129 pregnant women with PE (37 severe and 92 mild) and 173 women with uncomplicated pregnancies was performed. Polymorphisms, such as G797A, C785T, T833C, G919A, T959C, C1105T, and 844ins68 base pair, in the CBS gene were genotyped. The polymorphism G797A was monomorphic in cases with the presence of only G797A-G allele. Allele C785T-T and genotype C785T-C/T were associated with susceptibility in severe and mild PE. Alleles G797A-G and T959C-T were associated with susceptibility only in severe PE. Haplotype TGTWGTC was of susceptibility for severe PE and of protection for mild PE. Haplotypes CGTWGCC and CATWGTC seem to be protective for severe PE, but the latter is related to susceptibility in mild PE. The results suggest that C785T, G797A, and T959C mutations are contributing in different ways in severe and mild PE in our population and could be count as another related factor for this disease.
Male avoidance of parasitized females explained by direct benefits in a pipefish

Abstract The influence of the parasitic trematode,Cryptocotylesp. , on male mate choice in a species of pipefish,Syngnathus typhle, was studied. This parasite induces visible black spots in the skin of pipefish, but cannot be transmitted directly from one pipefish to another. In a mate-choice experiment the males spent more time with females with few or no black spots than with females with many black spots. This result was obtained in experiments with natural variation in parasite load, and also in experiments in which black spots were manipulated using tattoo ink. This suggests that males discriminate against parasitized females by using visual cues. In another choice experiment, males did not show any preference between males with or without black spots, suggesting that the discrimination occurs only in a sexual context. There was a negative correlation between parasite load and female fecundity. As a result, males mating with unparasitized females may benefit directly by fertilizing more eggs.
CRESCIMENTO RELATIVO E ABSOLUTO DE COUVE-FOLHA HIDROPÔNICA PRODUZIDA COM ÁGUAS SALOBRAS

The objective of this work is to study the effects of water salinity on absolute and relative growth of cabbage plants produced with brackish water in hydroponics. The experiment was conducted in the period from May to September 2016, in hydroponic system NFT (Technique of Laminar Flow of Nutrients). The evaluated treatments consisted of six Acadêmico em Agronomia, UFRB, Caixa Postal 118, CEP 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA. Fone (31) 9799-2004. Email: afonsohenriqueferreira@hotmail.com; 2 Doutoranda, NEAS/CCAAB/UFRB. Cruz das Almas-Bahia. Email: paulinhatmgm@hotmail.com; 3 Acadêmica em Agronomia, UFRB-Cruz das Almas-Bahia. Email: manoelagfpaz@gmail.com; 4 Acadêmica em Licenciatura em Biologia, UFRB-Cruz das Almas-Bahia. Email: danubialaves19@outlook.com; 5 Prof. Doutor, NEAS/CCAAB/UFRB, Cruz das Almas-Bahia. Email:talesmiler@gmail.com; 6 Acadêmico em Agronomia, UFRB-Cruz das Almas-Bahia. Email: mateugerardi@gmail.com. A. H. P. Ferreira et al. levels of electrical conductivity of water (CEa), which are: 0.3; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m1, obtained by the addition of NaCl to the local freshwater, the level of 0.3 dS m-1 was the control treatment, with a randomized block design with seven replications, totaling 42 plots . The relative and absolute growth rate was calculated for the variables plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves in the periods from 15 to 45 and from 45 to 105 days after transplanting (DAT). There was no significant effect of water salinity on the growth of plants from 15 to 45 DAT, on the other hand, the growth rate for leaf number and plant height was reduced with the increase of water salinity in the period corresponding to the end Of the 45 to 105 DAT cycle, such results can be attributed to an adaptive trait of plants to survive saline stress.
Queens, not workers, produce the males in the stingless bee Schwarziana quadripunctata quadripunctata


Most stingless bee colonies have one singly mated queen, resulting in a potential conflict between workers and queen over male production, because workers are more closely related to the sons of other workers than they are to the queen’s sons. Furthermore, workers in the majority of stingless bee species have ovarian development, can produce haploid eggs, and show apparently agonistic behaviour towards their queen, suggesting a real conflict. We investigated whether genetic conflict over male production resulted in reproductive and behavioural conflict in Schwarziana q. quadripunctata. DNA microsatellite loci showed that, even though workers are more related to other workers’ sons than to queen’s sons, it is the queen who produces the males. Behavioural interactions between workers and their queen were not uniformly more aggressive during male production than at times with only worker production, although some differences might have been obscured by the fact that food supply was greater during male production. The potential conflict over male production in S. q. quadripunctata seems not to lead to an observable conflict between the workers and their queen. Workers might refrain from reproduction because of the costs involved for the colony or because of queen control.  2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Indirect selection and individual selection in sociobiology: my personal views on theories of social behaviour

This is the story of my involvement in sociobiological studies. I first discuss group selection models, which were common in the 1950s. I then move on to kin selection and reciprocity models, which were developed to replace group selection models and are still being used by many sociobiologists, even though I argue that they contain the same weaknesses that led group selection to be rejected. As an alternative, I present the handicap principle, an essential component in all signalling. The handicap principle is useful in understanding many components of social systems, not the least of which is why individuals invest in the benefit of other members of a social system (altruism). Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Understanding Health Promotion Policy Processes: A Study of the Government Adoption of the Achievement Program in Victoria, Australia

Despite the growing health and economic burden associated with overweight and obesity, preventive policy progress has been deficient globally. This study investigated the policy process involved in the adoption of the Achievement Program, a settings-based health promotion intervention that was a key pillar of the Healthy Together Victoria obesity prevention initiative. The qualitative study utilised multiple theories of the policy process, as well as Causal Loop Diagramming (CLD) methods, to understand the policy systems underlying the decision to adopt the Achievement Program. Factors that impacted this obesity prevention policy adoption included problem prioritisation at Federal and state government levels; political risks regarding policy action and inaction, and framing used by policy advocates to reduce risks and highlight the opportunities related to the Achievement Program policy implementation. The use of CLD methods was advantageous to further conceptualise potential leverage points and effective ways to influence obesity prevention policy in future. As such, the findings contribute to the obesity prevention policy evidence base and toward developing a number of recommended actions for policy actors seeking to increase future policy action.
Multimodal Deep Gaussian Processes

We propose a novel Bayesian approach to modelling multimodal data generated by multiple independent processes, simultaneously solving the data association and induced supervised learning problems. Underpinning our approach is the use of Gaussian process priors which encode structure both on the functions and the associations themselves. The association of samples and functions are determined by taking both inputs and outputs into account while also obtaining a posterior belief about the relevance of the global components throughout the input space. We present an efficient learning scheme based on doubly stochastic variational inference and discuss how it can be applied to deep Gaussian process priors. We show results for an artificial data set, a noise separation problem, and a multimodal regression problem based on the cart-pole benchmark.
Development and Validation of Behaviors toward Gays and Lesbians on Campus Scale

In the literature, there have been many studies measuring homophobic attitudes of heterosexual people. However, there is limited research on behavioral aspects of homophobia. We attempted to develop a new scale measuring homophobic behaviors of heterosexual students toward gay and lesbian individuals on campus life. We developed BGLC (Behaviors toward Gays and Lesbians on Campus) Scale and validated the scale by comparing it with Age Universal I-E Scale, Homophobic Behaviors of Students Scale (HBSS) and Future Engagement in Activities Concerning Homosexual People (FEACHP) in order to study discriminant, convergent and criterion validity, respectively.
The repeatability of a sexual conflict over mating

Abstract Measuring individual variation in mating behaviour is an integral part of studies of sexual selection and of considerable theoretical importance. Few studies, however, have examined individual variation in mating behaviour in a sexual conflict system and considered how individual variation influences the strength and consistency of the resulting sexual selection. We examined variation in mating behaviour of male and female pairs in the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida . Sexual selection in seaweed flies occurs as a result of a sexual conflict over mating, with larger males generally able to overcome female rejection responses. We explored male and female mating conflicts and examined the variation in conflict outcomes within and between pairs. First, female willingness to mate was unaffected by short-term mating experience, allowing us to examine repeated interactions between a male and a female. Second, the outcomes of the sexual conflict over mating (copulation or rejection), and components of the mating interaction (number of copulations and time the male is mounted), were strongly repeatable. Third, the patterns of sexual selection on male size were consistent across mounts. Individual pairs consistently gave the same outcome to the mating conflict and yielded consistent sexual selection. Sexual conflict systems can thus be studied in the same way as those with more traditional forms of sexual selection and yield important insights into the links between variation in mating behaviour and sexual success.
A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of nurse-delivered Teach-Back in a consumer telehealth service

Objective To evaluate the impact of Teach-Back on communication quality in a national telephone-based telehealth service, for callers varying in health literacy. Design Cross-sectional stepped wedge cluster randomised trial with continuous recruitment, short (fixed) exposure and blinded outcome assessors. Nurses were stratified by hours worked and randomised into training groups using a computer generated sequence. Setting An Australian national pregnancy and parenting telephone helpline. Intervention Complex intervention involving a single 2-hour group Teach-Back training session, combined with ongoing nurse self-reflection on their communication following each call and each shift. Participants Participants were 637 callers to the telephone helpline aged 18–75 (87% female), of whom 127 (13%) had inadequate health literacy (measured with the Single Item Literacy Screener); and 15 maternal and child health nurses with 15 years’ experience on average. Measures Primary outcome was a modified subscale of the Health Literacy Questionnaire, ‘having sufficient information to manage health’. Secondary caller outcomes included caller confidence, perceived actionability of information and nurse effort to listen and understand. Nurse outcomes were perceptions of their communication effectiveness. Results Over a 7 week period, 376 surveyed callers received usual care and 261 Teach-Back. Ratings on the primary outcome increased over time (OR 1.17, CI 1.01 to 1.32, p = 0.03) but no independent Teach-Back effect was observed. A consistent pattern suggests that, compared with usual care, Teach-Back helps callers with inadequate health literacy feel listened to (OR 2.3, CI 0.98 to 5.42, p = 0.06), confident to act (OR 2.44, CI 1.00 to 5.98, p = 0.06), and know what steps to take (OR 2.68, CI 1.00 to 7.17, p = 0.06). Nurse perceptions of both their own communication effectiveness (OR = 2.31; CI 1.38 to 3.86, p<0.0001), and caller understanding (OR = 2.56; CI 1.52 to 4.30, p<0.001) both increased with Teach-Back. No harms were reported. Conclusions Teach-Back appears to benefit telephone health service users with inadequate health literacy, but the extent of this is unclear due to smaller numbers of lower literacy participants. Improving caller ratings over time are likely due to increasing nurse communication competence.
Real-time SPR imaging based on a large area beam from a wavelength-swept laser.

We demonstrate a real-time surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) system based on a wavelength-swept laser. Compared to conventional spectral-modulation SPRi using white light source and spectral filtering, the proposed system has a higher scan rate to detect rapid changes in refractive index and a higher output power for large-area illumination. This SPRi system achieves scan rates faster than 12 Hz, simultaneously obtaining SPR dip positions over full illumination fields of 12×12 mm. Using the wavelength-swept laser, two-dimensional biomolecular array imaging can be acquired with a high dynamic detection range (7.67×10-3 refractive index unit (RIU)) as well as high sensitivity (6501 nm/RIU) and resolution (1.89×10-6 RIU).
Příklady špatné praxe v oblasti otevřených dat

Přiklady spatne praxe v oblasti otevřených dat V prostředi otevřených dat se casto opakuji problemove situace. Na teto strance naleznete seznam nejcastějsich z nich, vcetně navrhovaných řeseni. Jednotlive přiklady zde budou postupně přibývat.