Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Active Rhyolitic dike Intrusion in the Northern Main Ethiopian Rift from the 2015 Fentale Seismic Swarm

Magmatic intrusions play a vital role not only in accommodating extensional stresses in continental rifts but also in feeding volcanic systems. The location, orientation, and timescale of dike intrusions are dictated by the interaction of regional and local stresses, the effect of pre‐existing weaknesses, and the composition of magma. Observing active intrusions can provide important information regarding the interaction between magmatic processes and the tectonic stress field during continental rifting. We focus on a seismic swarm that occurred in 2015 to the northeast of Fentale volcano, in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), and use radar interferometry to study surface deformation associated with the seismic swarm. Interferograms show a pattern of dike‐induced deformation, with a model estimate of volume change of 33×106±0.6×106m3 at a depth range of 5.4 to 8 km. We use a small baseline subset algorithm to calculate line of sight time series and find that the displacements decay exponentially with a decay constant of ∼83 days. Coupled source‐sink models suggest that such slow dike intrusions require a high viscosity rhyolitic magma. The difference in behavior between Fentale and other caldera systems in the MER, which show multi‐year cycles of inflation and deflation, suggests fundamental differences in magma composition and architecture of the plumbing system. This is the first direct observation of a dike intrusion in the MER and provides new constraints on the temporal‐spatial patterns of stress and strain that occur during continental rifting. Whether this activity is transient or a long‐term feature associated with rift evolution is an open question.
Large polarization response of planarized optical waveguide functionalized with 2D material overlays

ABSTRACT We propose a planarized optical waveguide structure functionalized with 2D materials that exhibits strong polarization dependent light interaction. Numerical study on both TE – and TM-polarized lights propagation in the 2D material coated optical waveguide is carried out. The effective index, neff of optical waveguide increases with the increase of refractive index of the 2D material overlay but decreases when its extinction coefficient is increased. On the other hand, the effective extinction coefficient, keff of 2D material coated waveguide increases with the increase of both the real and imaginary parts of 2D material refractive index. It is found that TE-mode has a stronger interaction with 2D material overlay compared to TM-mode, giving rise to potential application like waveguide polarizer. By optimizing the coating thickness, TM-pass waveguide polarizer with high polarization extinction ratio of 78.5 and 97.7 dB can be produced using black phosphorus and graphene oxide, respectively, with a coating length of only 1 mm.
Sobol' indices and variance reduction diagram estimation from samples used for uncertainty propagation

In this paper we present an efficient algorithm to estimate first order and second order Sobol' indices (SI) and its relationships with the inputs parameters variation range width. In the variance-based global sensitivity measure, SI are quantities defined by normalizing parts of variance in ANOVA decomposition (Sobol’, 1993). They are estimated from the ratio between the variance of the conditional expectation of the output given the input and the unconditional variance of the output (eq .1). Many techniques have been proposed to estimate these indices. A recent review of these methods can be found in (Borgonovo & Plischke, 2015). Among others Monte-Carlo-based algorithm (Sobol’ 1993, Saltelli et al., 1999, Jansen 1999, Monod et al., 2006, etc.) require a special random sampling scheme i.e. they cannot directly use samples used for the uncertainty propagation. Building on a similar idea than Plischkle (Plischke, 2010) we propose a methodology that allows the computation of SI form a set of given data. We propose to start from the local conditional variance to derive the global sensitivity indicator by estimating the variance of the conditional expectation (Eq. 2). The local information on sensitivity is summarized under the form of a Diagram of Expected Variance Reduction (DEVR), which relates the local reduction in uncertainty with the domain of variation of the considered input parameter with reduced width.
n iterative multi-atlas patch-based approach for cortex egmentation from neonatal MRI

Brain structure analysis in the newborn is a major health issue. This is especially the case for preterm neonates, in order to obtain predictive information related to the child development. In particular, the cortex is a structure of interest, that can be observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, neonatal MRI data present specific properties that make them challenging to process. In this context, multi-atlas approaches constitute an efficient strategy, taking advantage of images processed beforehand. The method proposed in this article relies on such a multi-atlas strategy. More precisely, it uses two atch-based segmentation terative segmentation eonatal MRI ortex paradigms: first, a non-local model based on patches; second, an iterative optimization scheme. Coupling both concepts allows us to consider patches related not only to the image information, but also to the current segmentation. This strategy is compared to other multi-atlas methods proposed in the literature. Experiments on dHCP datasets show that the proposed approach provides robust cortex segmentation results. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Relationship Between Different Care Units Nurses and Fall Prevention Knowledge in Acute Care Hospitals in China Based on Lasso Regression Model

Objective: To explore the difference of fall prevention knowledge level of nurses working on special care units and general care units in acute hospitals. Methods: Nurses in special care units and general care units from two acute care hospitals were investigated about fall prevention through a cross-sectional survey. The collected data was analyzed by using Lasso Regression Model. Results: Total of 1442 valid questionnaires were conducted including 1028 questionnaires in general care units and 414 questionnaires in special care units respectively. Through analysis by Lasso Regression Model, seven of 17 fall prevention knowledge items were statistically different in nurses working on general care units and special care units, including the definition of a fall (P=0.0001), fall prevention assessment tool currently used (p=0.0053), assessment of patient's balance and activity (p=0.0020), diseases that easily cause patients to fall (p=0.0021), assessment of patient's foot problems (p=0.0068), assessments of the patient's clothing and footwear suitability (p=0.0011), reporting process of falls (p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that nurses in special care units have higher level theoretical knowledge of fall prevention than nurses in general care units, while having lower level practical knowledge of fall prevention. It suggested that Quality & Patient Safety Department in medical institution should make new plans to prevent patients from falling and ensure patient safety.
A 23 m.y. record of low atmospheric CO2

Current atmospheric CO2 concentration is known to be higher than it has been during the past ∼800 k.y. of Earth history, based on direct measurement of CO2 within ice cores. A comparison to the more ancient past is complicated by a deficit of CO2 proxies that may be applied across very long spans of geologic time. Here, we present a new CO2 record across the past 23 m.y. of Earth history based on the δ13C value of terrestrial C3 plant remains, using a method applicable to the entire ∼400 m.y. history of C3 photosynthesis on land. Across the past 23 m.y. , CO2 likely ranged between ∼230 ppmv and 350 ppmv (68% confidence interval: ∼170–540 ppm). CO2 was found to be highest during the early and middle Miocene and likely below present-day levels during the middle Pliocene (84th percentile: ∼400 ppmv). These data suggest present-day CO2 (412 ppmv) exceeds the highest levels that Earth experienced at least since the Miocene, further highlighting the present-day disruption of long-established CO2 trends within Earth’s atmosphere.
A Parameter Alternating VSG Controller of VSC-MTDC Systems for Low Frequency Oscillation Damping

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been widely applied for mimicking the dynamic performance of a synchronous generator (SG) by power-electronic interfaced power sources. When the VSG is implemented in VSC-based multi-terminal direct current (VSC-MTDC) systems, the impact of VSG on both ac- and dc-grid dynamics, i.e., the low frequency oscillatory (LFO) modes and dc voltage stability should be taken into consideration. This paper investigates the participation of the VSG controller in low frequency oscillatory (LFO) modes and the impact on dc voltage stability. The influence of VSG parameters on the system dynamics is investigated by the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis and modal analysis. A parameter alternating VSG (AVSG) controller is proposed to improve the damping performance to LFO modes and mitigating the negative impact of VSG on dc voltage stability. The effectiveness of the proposed AVSG controller is validated according to the non-linear simulations on two test systems.
DUAL BAND NOTCH MIMO ANTENNA WITH MEANDER SLOT AND DGS FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS

A two-element multiple-input multiple-output antenna is presented in this paper. A pair of rectangular patch elements with staircase truncations at the patch-feed interconnection serves as the planar monopole radiating element for this design. The defected ground structures are realized with T-shaped stub etched with L-shaped and meandered slots form the ground plane of the antenna. These DGS procedures and arc-shaped slot and a split ring slot yields the dual band notch characteristics at 4.21 GHz-5.16 GHz, 7.84 GHz-8.63 GHz in a spectrum of 2.109 GHz-11.05 GHz. The far-field distributions at various frequencies and ECC value below 0.5 across the band confirms the concept of polarization diversity.
Hypothetical bias and certainty calibration in a value of time experiment

This study is the first to analyze hypothetical bias in a willingness to pay for time context as well as the first to test certainty calibration of the value of time. Hypothetical and real actions are compared in an experimental setting where the subjects are given an offer to leave the experiment in advance by paying a given amount of cash. The results show a weak tendency of positive hypothetical bias in the willingness to pay for value of time, though this effect is not different from zero at conventional significance levels. However, certainty calibration, by using the information from a follow-up question where the subjects are self-stating their preference certainty of their hypothetical choice, provides evidence of a significant positive hypothetical bias for non-certain subjects whereas this bias is eliminated for certain subjects.
Protection status as determinant of carbon stock drivers in Cerrado sensu stricto

Natural vegetation plays an important role in global carbon cycling and storage. Thus, the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) is considered a carbon sink because of its intrinsic characteristics. Our aim was to evaluate how the aboveground biomass and biodiversity relationship change between three Cerrado remnants with different protection status: a ‘control area’ (Legal Reserve area), a protected area (PA) and a non-protected area (Non-PA). All three studied fragments are situated in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We estimated the aboveground carbon stocks based on the forest inventory. We also measured three dimensions of biodiversity metrics for each plot: functional trait dominance, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity. The following functional traits were evaluated for the species: wood density, maximum diameter and seed size. We carried out generalized linear models seeking to evaluate how carbon stocks, community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values, species richness and diversity, and functional diversity indices differ among the remnants. The Cerrado areas without protection status had lower carbon stocks, species richness, species diversity, functional richness and functional dispersion, whereas both PA and Non-PA had lower CWM maximum diameter and seed size compared with the Legal Reserve control area. Generalized linear models showed that carbon stocks, species and functional richness metrics were correlated within and across sites, and thus, species richness could serve as a good proxy for functional richness and carbon stocks. The carbon stocks were positively driven by species richness and CWM maximum diameter, while they were negatively driven by functional dispersion. Functional richness, species diversity and CWM seed size appeared in the set of best models, but with no significant direct effect on carbon stocks. Thus, we concluded that absence of protection in the Cerrado areas decreases both species richness and carbon stocks.
Magnetic fields of HgMn stars

Context. The frequent presence of weak magnetic fields on the surface of spotted late-B stars with HgMn peculiarity in binary systems has been controversial during the two last decades. Recent studies of magnetic fields in these stars using the least-squares deconvolution (LSD) technique have failed to detect magnetic fields, indicating an upper limit on the longitudinal field between 8 and 15 G. In these LSD studies, assumptions were made that all spectral lines are identical in shape and can be described by a scaled mean profile. Aims. We re-analyse the available spectropolarimetric material by applying the moment technique on spectral lines of inhomogeneously distributed elements separately. Furthermore, we present new determinations of the mean longitudinal magnetic field for the HgMn star HD 65949 and the hotter analog of HgMn stars, the PGa star HD 19400, using FORS 2 installed at the VLT. We also give new measurements of the eclipsing system AR Aur with a primary star of HgMn peculiarity, which were obtained with the SOFIN spectropolarimeter installed at the Nordic Optical Telescope. Methods. We downloaded from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) archive the publically available HARPS spectra for eight HgMn stars and one normal and one superficially normal B-type star obtained in 2010. Out of this sample, three HgMn stars belong to spectroscopic double-lined systems. The application of the moment technique to the HARPS and SOFIN spectra allowed us to study the presence of the longitudinal magnetic field, the crossover effect, and quadratic magnetic fields. Results for the HgMn star HD 65949 and the PGa star HD 19400 are based on a linear regression analysis of low-resolution spectra obtained with FORS 2 in spectropolarimetric mode. Results. Our measurements of the magnetic field with the moment technique using spectral lines of several elements separately reveal the presence of a weak longitudinal magnetic field, a quadratic magnetic field, and the crossover effect on the surface of several HgMn stars as well as normal and superficially normal B-type stars. Furthermore, our analysis suggests the existence of intriguing correlations between the strength of the magnetic field, abundance anomalies, and binary properties. The results are discussed in the context of possible mechanisms responsible for the development of the element patches and complex magnetic fields on the surface of late B-type stars.
Physical performance of particleboards using Castor oil-based adhesive

ABSTRACT Reconstituted wood panels are widely used in various branches of the wood industry, such as in the furniture sectors and various segments of urban and rural construction. In Brazil, agricultural and forestry residues are abundantly generated, making feasible the study, development and application of alternative and sustainable materials, produced from the use of these wastes. The aim of this study was to produce high-density homogenous panels with wood residues of Pinus elliottii and oat hulls (Avena sativa), pressed with two types of adhesive, castor oil-based polyurethane and melamine formaldehyde, and to evaluate the physical performance of these panels. The physical performance of the panels was evaluated based on the ABNT NBR 14810: 2006, ANSI A208.1: 1999 and BS EN 312: 2003 standards. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the influence of the factors percentage of oat hull, percentage of adhesive and type of adhesive, and the interactions between these factors on the physical properties of the panels. The results indicated physical properties, in some treatments superior to the requirements stipulated by the consulted standards. It was concluded that the panels produced with the castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive showed better physical performance when compared with the panels produced with the melamine formaldehyde adhesive.
Appendix : Numerical Methods for “ Income and Wealth Distribution in Macroeconomics : A Continuous-Time Approach ” 1

where z1 < z2 and sj(a) = zj + ra − cj(a) and cj(a) = (u)(vj(a)) are optimal savings and consumption. Finally, there is a state constraint a ≥ a. The first order condition u(cj(a)) = v′ j(a) still holds at the borrowing constraint. However, in order to respect the constraint we need sj(a) = zj + ra− cj(a) ≥ 0. Combining this with the FOC, the state constraint motivates a boundary condition v′ j(a) ≥ u(zj + ra), j = 1, 2 (7) We thank SeHyoun Ahn for fantastic research assistance. Matthieu Gomez provided extremely useful comments and in particular showed us how to clearly think about non-uniform grids in Section 7.
Complex Paths Around The Sign Problem.

The Monte Carlo evaluation of path integrals is one of a few general purpose methods to approach strongly coupled systems. It is used in all branches of Physics, from QCD/nuclear physics to the correlated electron systems. However, many systems of great importance (dense matter inside neutron stars, the repulsive Hubbard model away from half-filling, dynamical and non-equilibrium observables) are not amenable to the Monte Carlo method as it currently stands due to the so-called "sign-problem". We review a new set of ideas recently developed to tackle the sign problem based on the complexification of field space and the Picard-Lefshetz theory accompanying it. The mathematical ideas underpinning this approach, as well as the algorithms so far developed, are described together with non-trivial examples where the method has already been proved successful. Directions of future work, including the burgeoning use of machine learning techniques, are delineated.
TGF-β 4 and HSP 70 responses in breeder hens treated with thyroxine

A hypothesis was tested that long-term administration of thyroxine (T4) in broiler breeder hens would affect fertility, sperm penetration rate, and the duration of fertility. Relative abundance of oviductal TGF-β4 and HSP70 mRNA was determined to ascertain whether T4 treatment affected these genes, and modulated the sustained storage of spermatozoa within the uterovaginal sperm storage tubules of hens. A total of 70, 47-week-old Cobb 500 breeder hens was randomly allotted to two treatment groups (T4 treatment (ET) and control). The T4 was orally administered to the ET group (0.3 mg T4/bird/day) for 100 consecutive days; whereas the control group was not administered T4 during the experimental period. Breeder hens were artificially inseminated to evaluate specific reproductive variables. On the last day of the treatment period two hens /replicate were randomly killed to estimate oviductal gene expression. The T4 treatment resulted in an increase in plasma concentration of T4; however, the T3 concentration was not affected. The long term administration of T4 had no effect on fertility; however, it resulted in a decreased sperm penetration rate and decreased the duration of fertility compared with the control group. The relative abundance of TGF-β4 and HSP70 mRNA in the SST was not influenced by T4 supplementation. The correlation coefficients between fertility and sperm penetration rate with relative abundance of TGF-β4 and HSP70 were not significant. Overall, among the diverse reproductive variable assessed in the current study, the sperm penetration rate and the duration of fertility were most responsive to long-term treatment with T4.
Title Recovering light directions and camera poses from a singlesphere

This paper introduces a novel method for recovering both the light directions and camera poses from a single sphere. Traditional methods for estimating light directions using spheres either assume both the radius and center of the sphere being known precisely, or they depend on multiple calibrated views to recover these parameters. It will be shown in this paper that the light directions can be uniquely determined from the specular highlights observed in a single view of a sphere without knowing or recovering the exact radius and center of the sphere. Besides, if the sphere is being observed by multiple cameras, its images will uniquely define the translation vector of each camera from a common world origin centered at the sphere center. It will be shown that the relative rotations between the cameras can be recovered using two or more light directions estimated from each view. Closed form solutions for recovering the light directions and camera poses are presented, and experimental results on both synthetic and real data show the practicality of the proposed method.
Browser Security: Attacks and Detection Techniques

Nowadays, the growth of the technology reaches its height and everything goes online. At the same time Cyber attacks are increasing to breach the information system of another individual or organization. Phishing is a malicious and deliberate attempt of sending counterfeit messages that appear to come from a reputable source or mimicking a webpage which looks like an original website. The goal is to steal sensitive credentials like login information and credit card details or to install malware on the victim’s machine. Browser-based cyber threats have become one of the biggest concerns in networked architectures. The most prolific form of browser attack is tabnabbing. This paper presents an overview of tabnabbing detection techniques and proves the efficiency of agent based tabnabbing detection by comparing with the state of the art techniques.
Cumulative Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia

Conditional cash transfers provide income and promote human capital investments. Yet evaluating their longitudinal impacts is hard, as most experimental evaluations treat control locations after a few years. We examine such impacts in Indonesia after six years, where the program rollout left the experiment largely intact. We find static effects on many targeted indicators: childbirth using trained professionals increased dramatically, and under-15 children not in school fell by half. We observe impacts requiring cumulative investments: stunting fell by 23 percent. While human capital accumulation increased, the transfers did not lead to transformative economic change for recipient households. (JEL I21, I38, J13, J24, O15)
A novel charged-particle diagnostic for compression in inertial confinement fusion targets

A new technique for diagnosing compression in multiple regions of inertial confinement fusion targets is discussed. This diagnostic uses knock-on deuterons and protons that have been elastically scattered by 14.1 MeV deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion neutrons. The target is composed of three different materials: DT gas contained in a plastic shell overcoated by deuterated plastic. The effect on the knock-on deuteron spectrum of mixing of these layers from hydrodynamic instabilities is also discussed.