Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Deficit Schizophrenia.

Introduction Differences in parameters related to inflammatory and oxidative stress in deficit (DS) and nondeficit schizophrenia (non-DS) may support the DS/non-DS categorization of schizophrenia. For DS patients, non-DS patients, and for healthy controls, this study aims to evaluate the serum levels of: proinflammatory cytokines of interleukin (IL) 1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, Interferon (IFN) γ, IL-12, and IL-17; anti-inflammatory cytokines of IL-10, IFN-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β; and antioxidant biomarkers of paraoxonase1 (PON1) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC). Method Serum IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, IL-10, IFN-α, TGF-β, PON1 and TAOC levels were measured and performed in DS (n=26), non-DS (n=28), and healthy control (n=28) groups. Results Patients in the DS group had higher IL-17 levels than the non-DS group did. TGF-β values for both patient groups were significantly higher than those of the controls. PON1 and TAOC values for both patient groups were significantly lower than those of the controls. Conclusion Our findings may be evidence for the consideration that DS reflects a coherent entity within schizophrenia. Increased levels of IL-17 from pro-inflammatory cytokines may be related with DS.
Neuropsychological Subtypes of Violent Behaviour: Differences in Inhibition between Affective and Instrumental Violence

Background: Forensic assessment is primarily focused on psychosocial factors to understand aggressive behaviour. However, evidence suggests a relation between neurocognitive factors and violence. Inhibition is one of those factors possibly related to violent behaviour, but prior research regarding inhibition remains inconclusive. One explanation may be the existence of distinct neuropsychological profiles for subtypes of violent offenders. This study aims at differentiating groups of affective and instrumental violent defendants on their ability to inhibit behaviour. Methods: We compared a group of 26 affective defendants with a group of 37 instrumental defendants on several tasks for executive functioning. Results: Affective defendants have more trouble inhibiting an ongoing response on the Stop Signal Task. There were no further differences between affective and instrumental defendants. Conclusion: Violent defendants constitute of a heterogeneous group, as affective violent defendants possibly have more trouble inhibiting an ongoing response and may therefore be more prone to evoke impulsive violent acts than instrumental defendants.
Pitch perception is adapted to species-specific cochlear filtering

Pitch perception is critical for recognizing speech, music and animal vocalizations, but its neurobiological basis remains unsettled, in part because of divergent results from different species. We used a combination of behavioural measurements and cochlear modelling to investigate whether species-specific differences exist in the cues used to perceive pitch and whether these can be accounted for by differences in the auditory periphery. Ferrets performed a pitch discrimination task well whenever temporal envelope cues were robust, but not when resolved harmonics only were available. By contrast, human listeners exhibited the opposite pattern of results on an analogous task, consistent with previous studies. Simulated cochlear responses in the two species suggest that the relative salience of the two types of pitch cues can be attributed to differences in cochlear filter bandwidths. Cross-species variation in pitch perception may therefore reflect the constraints of estimating a sound’s fundamental frequency given species-specific cochlear tuning.
Mapping aluminum tolerance QTLs in maize.

INTRODUCTION The identification, development and use of maize and sorghum genetic resources tolerant to Al toxicity and more efficient in P acquisition and utilization will increase production sustainability across tropical areas where Al toxicity and low P availability are principal constraints. The development of more refined genetic standards to study these constraints, as recombinant inbred lines (RILs) are essential tools to generate superior genotypes for cultivation in acid soil regions. These resources allow the elucidation of the physiological mechanisms and inheritance patterns of the underlying genes controlling these traits. This research also helps developing molecular markers for marker-assisted selection in plant improvement. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers associated to Al tolerance in a maize RIL population. Once identified, these regions can be used to assist breeding programs to accelerate the efficiency of cultivar improvement. Additionally, this result will be very useful for physiological studies and to identify candidate genes.
Vocational training for demobilized ex-combatants with disabilities in Rwanda

ABSTRACT Disability-inclusive development is receiving growing attention as a pressing international development issue. Disability-inclusive development is especially urgent and complicated in post-conflict countries. This paper examines the impacts of vocational training on economic empowerment and social reintegration among demobilised ex-combatants with disabilities in Rwanda. This is the first quasi-experimental study on vocational training for disabled ex-combatants. Exploiting the variation in the timing of training uptake within the same training course, we employ a pipeline approach in the following three steps: (1) trimming to guarantee common support within courses, (2) exact matching on key covariates within courses, and (3) regression controlling for covariates within courses based on the matched sample. The results show that the training greatly increased not only employment and earnings, but also trainees’ reintegration into the family and community. The results are robust to potential omitted variable bias and attrition bias according to a coefficient stability test and bound analysis, respectively. Our findings suggest a significant potential of vocational training for disabled ex-combatants in disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration programmes. Our study exemplifies the utility of a credibly designed pipeline approach, which can be applied in a wide range of development projects in practice.
The odd one out or a hidden generalist: Hawaiian Melicope (Rutaceae) do not share traits associated with successful island colonization

Oceanic islands are unique in their species composition, which is defined by arrival of colonizers via long distance dispersal followed by establishment of species followed in some cases by adaptive radiation. Evolutionary biologists identified traits facilitating successful colonization of islands as including polyploidy, self‐compatibility, herbaceousness and ability for long‐distance dispersal. Successful establishment and evolutionary diversification of lineages on islands often involves shifts to woodiness and shifts in methods of outcrossing as well as changes in dispersal ability. The genus Melicope colonized numerous archipelagos throughout the Pacific including the Hawaiian Islands, where the lineage comprises currently 54 endemic species and represents the largest radiation of woody plants on the islands. The wide distributional range of the genus illustrates its high dispersibility, most likely due to adaption to bird dispersal. Here we investigate ploidy in the genus using flow cytometry and chromosome counting. We find the genus to be paleopolyploid with 2n = 4x = 36, a ploidy level characterizing the entire subfamily Amyridoideae and dating back to at least the Palaeocene. Therefore Hawaiian Melicope have not undergone recent polyploidization prior to colonization of the islands. Thus Melicope retained colonization success while exhibiting a combination of traits that typically characterize well established island specialists while lacking some traits associated to successful colonizers.
Suppression of Coherence Matrix Bias for Phase Linking and Ambiguity Detection in MTInSAR

Phase decorrelation, as one of the main error sources, limits the capability of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) for deformation mapping over areas with low coherence. Although several methods have been realized to reduce decorrelation noise, for example, by phase linking and spatial and temporal filters, their performances deteriorate when coherence estimation bias exists. We present an arc-based approach that allows reconstructing unwrapped interval phase time-series based on iterative weighted least squares (WLS) in temporal and spatial domains. The main features of the method are that phase optimization and unwrapping can be jointly conducted by spatial and temporal iterative WLS and coherence matrix bias has negligible effects on the estimation. In addition, the linear formation makes the implementation suitable with small subset of interferograms, providing an efficient solution for future big SAR data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using simulated and real data with different decorrelation mechanisms and compare our approach with the state-of-art phase reconstruction methods. Substantial improvement can be achieved in terms of reduced root-mean-square error (RMSE) in the simulation data and increased density of coherent measurements in the real data.
Amphiphilic diblock copolymer gels: the relationship between structure and rheology

Block copolymers dissolved in a selective solvent form micelles that can be regarded as model colloidal dispersions because by tailoring the copolymer composition, the relative size of core and corona can be controlled. This enables the interaction potential to be varied, such that either hard or soft sphere ordering can be observed above the liquid–solid (sol–gel) transition. Here we review recent work on the structure and rheology of micellar phases formed by block copolymers in solution. First, the structure of solid and liquid micellar phases is considered, and its relationship to flow properties of gels and sols is discussed. Then the ordering of hard versus soft spheres is considered in the context of experimental phase diagrams for poly(styrene)–poly(isoprene) in decane and poly(oxyethylene)–poly(oxybutylene) diblock copolymers in water. The use of experiments in the linear viscoelastic regime to locate the gelation (liquid–solid) transition is then reviewed, and the application of measurements in the linear viscoelastic regime to study relaxation phenomena is also outlined. The nonlinear flow behaviour of micellar block copolymer solutions is then considered. In particular the focus is on the development of a yield stress in the solid phase, creep and stress relaxation measurements which throw light on flow mechanisms, and Fourier transform rheology which provides a quantitative measure of nonlinear viscoelasticity under oscillatory shear. Finally, an overview is provided of recent small–angle scattering experiments that have probed the mechanisms of macroscopic alignment of body–centred and face–centred cubic micellar phases subjected to large–amplitude oscillatory shear or steady shear in a Couette cell.
Theoretical and Empirical Analyses of the Effectiveness of Metamorphic Relation Composition

Metamorphic Relations (MRs) play a key role in determining the fault detection capability of Metamorphic Testing (MT). As human judgement is required for MR identification, systematic MR generation has long been an important research area in MT. Additionally, due to the extra program executions required for follow-up test cases, some concerns have been raised about MT cost-effectiveness. Consequently, the reduction in testing costs associated with MT has become another important issue to be addressed. MR composition can address both of these problems. This technique can automatically generate new MRs by composing existing ones, thereby reducing the number of follow-up test cases. Despite this advantage, previous studies on MR composition have empirically shown that some composite MRs have lower fault detection capability than their corresponding component MRs. To investigate this issue, we performed theoretical and empirical analyses to identify what characteristics component MRs should possess so that their corresponding composite MR has at least the same fault detection capability as the component MRs do. We have also derived a convenient, but effective guideline so that the fault detection capability of MT will most likely not be reduced after composition.
Aperiodic Sampled-Data-Based Control for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems via Refined Adaptive Event-Triggered Communication Scheme

This article is devoted to event-triggered stabilization for a class of interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems with aperiodic sampling. First, the IT2 Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model and sampled-data controllers are established subject to mismatched membership functions. Second, considering a nonuniform sampling case, a refined adaptive event-triggered communication scheme is proposed in a hierarchy form to dynamically adjust the direction and rate of the event-triggered threshold parameter by state changing trend and relative state error, respectively. Thus, a complete dual-directional regulating mechanism with sensitivity to state variation is reasonably created to give extra flexibility, which is beneficial for a preferable tradeoff between control performance and network resource. Third, considering the practical behaviors on the sampling interval, a novel integral type of time-dependent Lyapunov function is constructed. Then, the stability criterion and the controller design approach are derived. Finally, the numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methods.
C++ Programme for total dominator chromatic number of cycles using elementary transformations

A total dominator coloring of a graph G = (V,E) without isolated vertices is a proper coloring together with each vertex in G properly dominates a color class. The total dominator chromatic number of G is the minimum number of color classes with additional condition that each vertex in G properly dominates a color class and is denoted by χtd(G). In this paper, we find the total dominator chromatic number of cycles using elementary transformations through C++ programme.
Reconciling fMRI and EEG indices of attentional modulations in human visual cortex

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) are the two most popular non-invasive methods used to study the neural mechanisms underlying human cognition. These approaches are considered complementary: fMRI has higher spatial resolution but sluggish temporal resolution, whereas EEG has millisecond temporal resolution, but only at a broad spatial scale. Beyond the obvious fact that fMRI measures properties of blood and EEG measures changes in electric fields, many foundational studies assume that, aside from differences in spatial and temporal precision, these two methods index the same underlying neural modulations. We tested this assumption by using EEG and fMRI to measure attentional modulations of neural responses to stimuli of different visual contrasts. We found that equivalent experiments performed using fMRI and EEG on the same participants revealed remarkably different patterns of attentional modulations: event-related fMRI responses provided evidence for an additive increase in responses across all contrasts equally, whereas early stimulus-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) showed larger modulations with increasing stimulus contrast and only a later negative-going ERP and low-frequency oscillatory EEG signals showed effects similar to fMRI. These results demonstrate that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between the physiological mechanisms that give rise to modulations of fMRI responses and the most commonly used ERP markers, and that the typical approach of employing fMRI and EEG to gain complementary information about localization and temporal dynamics is over-simplified. Instead, fMRI and EEG index different physiological modulations and their joint application affords synergistic insights into the neural mechanisms supporting human cognition.
High-pressure phonon dispersion of copper by using the modified analytic embedded atom method

By using the Born-von Krmn theory of lattice dynamics and the modified analytic embedded atom method, we reproduce the experimental results of the phonon dispersion in fcc metal Cu at zero pressure along three high symmetry directions and four off-symmetry directions, and then simulate the phonon dispersion curves of Cu at high pressures of 50, 100, and 150 GPa. The results show that the shapes of dispersion curves at high pressures are very similar to that at zero pressure. All the vibration frequencies of Cu in all vibration branches at high pressures are larger than the results at zero pressure, and increase correspondingly as pressure reaches 50, 100, and 150 GPa sequentially. Moreover, on the basis of phonon dispersion, we calculate the values of specific heat of Cu at different pressures. The prediction of thermodynamic quantities lays a significant foundation for guiding and judging experiments of thermodynamic properties of solids under high pressures.
Implementation of the K-Means Clustering Method in Data Grouping Sales In Asia Africa Dentures Dental

Data mining can be applied to explore the added value of a set of data in the form of knowledge that had been unknown to them manually. There are several techniques used dala mining eyes, one satuteknik data mining is clustering. Clustering can be used for grouping to something. As can group sales data that is most desirable, and others. Examples of companies engaged in the sale is a dental african Asia. Asia Africa Dental is one area of business engaged in the sale of false teeth. Asia Africa Dental these every day to meet the needs of consumers. But Asia Africa Dental lacking in reviewing products sold. What products are needed consumer and data storage is less effective. Thus the need for a system that can support the company in taking decisions quickly and precisely. So in this study, the authors used the application of K-Means Clustering method. To facilitate the author in analyzing the K-Means Clustering The author using the application Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) . The result of the calculation Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) is inserted into the Visual Basic . Net.
Effect of infill pattern and density on tensile properties of 3d printed polylactic acid parts via fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Fused deposition modeling is a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that usually performed with molten thermoplastic in a heated liquefied nozzle and deposited layer by layer on the printing platform. To reduce the usage of material and printing time via fused deposition modeling technology, a user typically specifies infill pattern and density. Nevertheless, it is crucial to know how these parameters affect the mechanical properties of the printed object. This study aims to investigate the tensile properties of polylactic acid 3D-printed specimens with different infill patterns and infill densities. Three infill patterns: linear, diamond, and hexagonal, with three infill densities: 25%, 50%, and 75%, were assessed. The specified infill patterns and densities were generated using slicing software MakerBot Makerware. A series of test specimens (ASTM D638 Type-I) with different infill patterns and densities were produced using the Flashforge Creator 3D printer. Tensile testing was conducted by using the mechanical testing machine according to ASTM D638. The results showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus improve as the infill density increases for all examined infill patterns. The combination of 75% infill density and linear pattern depicts the highest tensile strength (42.67 MPa) and elastic modulus (1222.78 MPa). This combination (linear 75%) was the ideal infill pattern and density which have substantial strength, great stiffness, and less printing cost. The obtained data can be used as a reference for FDM 3D printer users in designing and manufacturing 3D printed objects. Index Term — tensile strength; infill pattern; infill density; 3D printing; fused deposition modeling
Flux-Weakening Capability Enhancement Design and Optimization of a Controllable Leakage Flux Multilayer Barrier PM Motor

In this article, a new controllable leakage flux multilayer barrier permanent magnet (PM) motor is proposed by adopting a new design concept of controllable leakage flux, where the PMs are uniquely placed in the d-axis magnetic circuit of the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). Compared to the conventional q-axis PM placement SynRM, the higher PM utilization and better flux-weakening capability can be obtained. For further comparison and verification, both of the controllable leakage flux multilayer barrier PM motor and the motor with traditional q-axis PM setting are designed. In addition, a multiobjective optimization method based on the correlation analysis method is proposed to obtain the optimized output torque and flux-weakening performances. Then, the performances of the two optimal motors are analyzed and compared in detail. Finally, two prototype motors are manufactured and tested. Both the theoretical and experimental analyses verify the effectiveness of the flux-weakening enhancement design and the proposed motor.
Effect of salvage-logging on post-fire tree establishment and ground cover vegetation in semi-natural hemiboreal forests

Fire is a common disturbance in boreal forests causing changes in biological diversity at various spatial scales. In the past 100 years, forest management has limited fire outbreaks, but in the future, the fire-affected forest area is expected to increase in many regions due to climate change. Burned forests are typically salvage-logged, but the effect of this type of management versus natural regeneration on biological diversity is not well understood, particularly the mid-term effect to tree establishment and understory vegetation composition and diversity. Various management methods were used after a large fire in 1992 in a peatland-forest complex and neighbouring managed forests, which created an experimental setup for study of the effect of management after fire in the Sliteres National park, northwestern Latvia. Understory vegetation was described in plots using a design of four forest and three management types: natural regeneration (unmanaged) and managed sites with salvage logging followed by no further human intervention and salvage logging with planting. Post-fire management had different effect in each forest type. Species richness was higher in forest types with salvage logging than in natural regenerated sites on rich wet and rich dry forest types, but not for the poor forest types. Tree regeneration was generally greater in salvage-logged stands, but differed between forest types. Species composition was related to tree regeneration and canopy openness. In contrast to other studies, salvage logging had a positive mid-term effect to ground vegetation diversity and tree establishment in the studied stands, implying potential for concomitant management and conservation of ground cover vegetation in semi-natural stands.
Regular ArticleSize and complexity among multicellular organisms

The diversity of specialized cell types (‘complexity’) is estimated for a wide range of multicellular organisms. Complexity increases with size, independently of phylogeny. This is interpreted in economic terms as the consequence of a greater degree of cooperative division of labour within larger entities. The rate of increase of complexity with size is less in the case of a cooperative division of labour (cell types within bodies) than in the analogous case of a competitive division of labour (species within communities). This is atttributed to the inutility of single specialized cells whose goods must be shared among all the many cells of a large organism. Major groups of organisms differ in complexity at given size: animals are more complex than plants, and phaeophytes are simpler than either.