Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Next Generation Wireless Networks

Next generation wireless networks are expected to operate in licensed, shared as well as unlicensed spectrum. To enable this, central controller or base stations need wide-band spectrum sensing (WSS) to periodically identify potential spectrum resources and allocate them to the desired users. The main challenge in WSS is the requirement of prohibitively high sampling rate analog-to-digital converters (ADC) which are area and power hungry. To overcome this bottleneck, sub-Nyquist sampling based WSS (SNS-WSS) techniques have been discussed in the literature. The SNS-WSS exploits the sparse nature of a wideband spectrum and hence, accomplish WSS using low-rate ADCs. In this paper, we review and compare the advantages and drawbacks of existing SNS-WSS. We also discuss future research directions for making SNS-WSS feasible in next generation wireless networks.
Accelerating Wait-Free Algorithms: Pragmatic Solutions on Cache-Coherent Multicore Architectures

Parallelizing performance-critical applications are of critical importance for harnessing the power of multicore processors, which are now ubiquitous. Even though wait-free algorithms offer the appeal of completing each operation of a parallelized application in a finite number of steps, high-performance wait-free algorithms at high levels of concurrency are still rare. In this paper, we demonstrate one primary reason for this inefficiency: existing wait-free algorithms are not optimized for processors’ caches and write buffers, two key components in modern hardware to accelerate memory accesses. As an example, a wait-free multi-producer-single-consumer queue algorithm, which faces common performance problems of wait-free algorithms, is studied in this paper. We accelerate the queue algorithm by (1) allowing producers to buffer enqueue requests in their local buffers and to write them into the shared queue in batch, to exhibit the spatial locality of the program, and (2) eliminating expensive atomic operations, by giving up some degree of internal consistency to avoid write buffers being drained frequently. The outcome is a write-buffer and cache-friendly queue algorithm which is wait-free and efficient on off-the-shelf multicore processors. The experiments show that the optimized queue algorithm outperforms prior queue algorithms on three different architectures (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>86, Power8, and ARMv8). On <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>86, it outperforms WFQueue, the state-of-the-art solution, by 2–3<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and outperforms CCQueue, the representative of combining solution, by 4–12<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Applying the techniques presented in this paper to other wait-free algorithms is straightforward; our queue example demonstrates that these techniques can be applied to other wait-free algorithms while maintaining the control flow of the original algorithms without dramatic changes.
Impact Analysis of Induced FM Radio Interferences on Aeronautical Radio Navigation Systems: Case Study of Kotoka International Airport, Accra-Ghana

This paper investigates the effect of interference on Aeronautical Navigation systems by Frequency Modulation (FM) broadcasting signals. Precisely, the paper evaluated the impact of 3rd order intermodulation distortion on the VHF omnidirectional range and the instrument landing system (Localizer) used at the Ghana Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA). The necessity of this study stems from the fact that, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between FM audio broadcast and aeronautical radio communication services operating in the range of 85.7-108MHz and 108-117.975 MHz respectively is essential for safe flight operation. An analytical method of estimating the 3rd order intermodulation distortion has first been presented followed by simulation approach with the intermodulation analysis software v.10 and subsequent simulation with the Matlab software to determine and display the power spectral density of the output signals. All FM station frequencies in the Greater Accra region have been considered and paired to form dual tone signals that were considered input signal before assessing the impact of the 3rd order intermodulation harmonic. It was found that multiple 3rd order intermodulation harmonics distort and perturbate the aeronautical communication system in the Greater Accra region and these lead to severe safety implications for the operation of the aeronautical navigation system. It was recommended that broadcasting stations should implement cavity filters to reduce the effect of 3rd order intermodulation harmonics; they should respect the specification prescribed to them by the NCA and operate within limits allocated to them in order not to breach the international regulation of ITU that deems it an offense to interfere with the aeronautical communication system and to further ensure safety to the aviation navigation system.
A 28 GHz 8×1 Un-Equal Power Divider for Reducing Side-Lobe Level of MM-Wave Array Antenna for 5G Mobile Handset

A 28 GHz 8×1 un-equal power divider with optimized power division ratio to suppress the side-lobes of array antennas for mm-wave 5G mobile handsets is proposed. To obtain the required un-equal power division ratio, 14 SMD-type ceramic capacitors with different values are inserted in the proposed design. The normalized power division ratio of the proposed un-equal power divider at output ports is 0.23:0.38:0.66:1:0.99:0.72:0.39:0.26. As a result, the SLL is improved by about 7 dB, when the proposed un-equal power divider is applied to the mm-wave 5G array antenna in comparison to using a conventional equal power divider in the same array antenna.
A Hybrid Approach for the Optimal Synthesis of Shaped-Beams Through Generic Arrays

We propose an innovative approach to the mask-constrained power synthesis of shaped beams through fixed-geometry array antennas having whatever kind of structure/layout and being composed by whatever radiating elements. The approach takes advantage from the convexity of the problem with respect to excitations and exploits a global optimization procedure on the field’s phase shifts over a (small) number of control points.
Differentially-Fed Dual-Polarized and Shaped Beam Antennas for Satellite Communications

Satellite communication and navigation have greatly changed the world. In recent decade, small satellite has become an important trend for satellite technology, and the space on small satellites is even more precious. Therefore, highly integrated payloads, such as miniaturized antennas, are in great demand for small satellites. Besides, for some special applications, satellite is also required to provide service for a certain area on the earth, which necessitates the beamwidth under a specified gain or even the earth-coverage-beam antenna. The conventional reflector and phased array designs are bulky and costly, making them unsuitable for small satellites. Therefore, in this paper, four spaceborne antennas aims to realize specific beamwidth and miniaturization are presented. The designs including the differentially-fed dual-polarized magnetic dipole antenna and the circularly polarized (CP) earth-coverage-beam antenna. The compact structure and good performance make the antennas appropriate for satellite communications.
Scattering and Propagation Analysis for the Multilayered Structures Based on Field Matching Technique

A semi-analytical method is employed to the analysis of scattering and guiding problems in multilayer dielectric structures. The approach allows to investigate objects with arbitrary convex cross section and is based on the direct field matching technique involving the usage of the field projection at the boundary on a fixed set of orthogonal basis functions. For the scattering problems the scattered field in the far zone is calculated and for the guiding problems a complex root finding algorithm is utilized to determine the propagation coefficients. The results are compared with the alternative solutions in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Using Machine Learning algorithms for breast cancer risk prediction and diagnosis

Machine learning is frequently used in medical applications such as detection of the type of cancerous cells. Breast cancer represents one of the diseases that causes a high number of deaths every year. It is the most common type of cancer and the main cause of women’s deaths worldwide. The cancerous cells are classified as Benign (B) or Malignant (M). There are many algorithms for classification and prediction of breast cancer: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (CART), Naive Bayes (NB) and k Nearest Neighbours (kNN). In this project, Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset is used. The dataset is also trained with the other algorithms: KNN, Naives Bayes and CART and the accuracy of prediction for each algorithm is compared.
Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training

Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training is a systematically corrected, enhanced and updated avatar of a book (1995) which is widely used in T&I training programmes worldwide and widely quoted in the international Translation Studies community. It provides readers with the conceptual bases required to understand both the principles and recurrent issues and difficulties in professional translation and interpreting, guiding them along from an introduction to fundamental communication issues in translation to a discussion of the usefulness of research about Translation, through discussions of loyalty and fidelity issues, translation and interpreting strategies and tactics and underlying norms, ad hoc knowledge acquisition, sources of errors in translation, T&I cognition and language availability. It takes on board recent developments as reflected in the literature and spells out and discusses links between practices and concepts in T&I and concepts and theories from cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics.
Dual Ka-Band Multiple Beam Reflector Antenna for Western European Coverage

This paper presents a dual-band multiple beam reflector antenna for a Western European coverage. The dual configuration comprises a wire grid sub-reflector and a polarising main reflector that converts the linearly polarised incidence into circular polarisation with orthogonality between bands. The good performance of the wire grid and the polarising main reflector ensure far-field axial ratio values at the −3 dB region below 1 dB on average without any previous optimisation.
A Two-Level MPC for Energy Management Including Velocity Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Todays cruise control systems try to keep a constant speed given by the driver without regarding the energy consumption. There is, however, possibilities to save energy by choosing the optimal velocity is neglected. Solving the underlying control problem for long distances with an algorithm that runs on a vehicle control unit is not straightforward, especially when it comes to hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). In order to overcome the computational burden, this paper presents a two-level model predictive control approach. It uses a sequential quadratic program (SQP) that comprises the total travel distance computing a target set for a lower layer that uses discrete state-space dynamic programming and Pontryagin's maximum principle to compute the optimal control for a short horizon. The computational efficiency is shown by a case study for an HEV passenger car with parallel powertrain, which reveals a cost advantage of up to 39% compared to a benchmark solution that exactly follows the velocity of the SQP while both approaches yield the same travel time.
Effective Abnormal Behavior identification in a Crowd

Effective analysis of crowd behavior is very challenging issue in video surveillance system. Most of the conventional approach is not up to the mark for real time behavior analysis. In this work, we have proposed an optical flow method along with KNCN classification approach to recognize abnormality in a video scene. Optical flow is a global motion information method which works efficiently. Optical flow vector provides direction and displacement of a point between two consecutive frames. This feature vector acts as input for KNN classifier. A surrounding neighbor (SN) concept is used for finding k-Nearest Centroid Neighbors(k-NCN) for each frame. We assign the class level based on the votes of k-NCN. The obtained result is promising and seems very efficient in terms of accuracy. We analyzed result and shown frame level comparison with ground truth. ROC analysis provides area under curve (AUC) for different data sequences and is compared with other state of the art techniques. Our proposed KNCN-OF method outperforms all other state of the art techniques with an accuracy of 99%.
Analysis on Heterogeneous SSD Configuration with Quadruple-Level Cell (QLC) NAND Flash Memory

This paper investigates optimal heterogeneously-integrated SSD configuration [1] with various non-volatile memories including quadruple-level cell (QLC) NAND flash [2] considering SSD performance, energy consumption and SSD endurance lifetime. Based on the design methodology of heterogeneous SSD composed of storage class memory (SCM), multi-level cell (MLC) and triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash [1], this paper newly adds QLC and single-level cell (SLC) NAND flash as memory components and re-optimizes the memory configurations for various workloads. Four types of SSD are compared; 1) SLC/QLC NAND flash, 2) SCM/QLC NAND flash, 3) SCM/TLC/QLC NAND flash and 4) SCM/TLC NAND flash. As a result, performance of SCM/QLC NAND flash is about one-fourth of that of SCM/TLC NAND flash for all workloads because QLC NAND flash has 5.7 times longer write latency than TLC NAND flash. For cold workloads or high total SSD cost assumption, SCM/TLC NAND flash is recommended. For hot workloads with low total SSD cost assumption, however, SLC/QLC NAND flash is optimal with emphasis on better SSD endurance lifetime. Finally, SCM/TLC/QLC NAND flash is the best when considering performance and energy consumption. In particular, for write-hot application, prxy_0, SCM/TLC/QLC NAND flash achieves 67% higher IOPS/cost [1] than SCM/TLC NAND flash.
A Tri-State Weight Convolutional Neural Network for an FPGA: Applied to YOLOv2 Object Detector

A frame object detection, such as the YOLO (You only look once), is used in embedded vision systems, such as a robot, an automobile, a security camera, and a drone. However, it requires highly performance-per-power detection by an inexpensive device. In the paper, we propose a tri-state weight CNN, which is a generalization of a low-precision and sparse (pruning) for CNN weight. In the former part, we set a weight {-1,0,+1} as a ternary CNN, while in the latter part, we set a {-w,0,+w} as a sparse weight CNN. The proposed tri-state CNN is a kind of a mixed-precision one, which is suitable for an object detector consisting of a bounding box prediction (regression) and a class estimation (classification). We apply an indirect memory access architecture to skip zero part and propose the weight parallel 2D convolutional circuit. It can efficiently be applied to the AlexNet based CNN, which has different size kernels. We design the AlexNet based YOLOv2 to reduce the number of layers toward low-latency computation. In the experiment, the proposed tri-state scheme CNN reduces the memory size for weight by 92%. We implement the proposed tri-state weight YOLOv2 on the AvNet Inc. UltraZed-EG starter kit, which has the Xilinx Inc. Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC ZU3EG. It archived 61.70 frames per second (FPS), which exceeds the standard video frame rate (29.97 FPS). Compared with the ARM Cortex-A57, it was 268.2 times faster, and its performance per power efficiency was 313.51 times better. Also, compared with the NVidia Pascal embedded GPU, it was 4.0 times faster, and its power performance efficiency was 11.35 times better.
Empirical indoor propagation models for LoRa radio link in an office environment

LoRa (Long Range) is one of the most promising candidate technology for Internet of Things (IoT). It supports a high number of communication devices spread across large areas. In this paper, we present some indoor measurements performed in a standard office environment using LoRa links. The aims of the work is to assess the indoor propagation performance of LoRa technology and to indicate the best model to be used for a preliminary design of a LoRa based radio link in an office environment. The measured data highlights that LoRa technology can be used in office environment to realize a wireless sensor network. Five commonly used propagation models were also analyzed and their results compared with the measurements. This analysis highlighted that the Motley-Keenan’s is the best model to describe indoor propagation.
A Measurement-Based Wide-Frequency Model for Aircraft Wound-Rotor Synchronous Machine

For the safety of the wound-rotor synchronous machine (WRSM) in aircraft applications, the overvoltage at the motor terminals, electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance, and bearing currents as well as the loss analysis are the core areas to be addressed. The high-frequency (HF) modeling method of the WRSM, which has a strong relationship with all these core areas, is a very critical theme. In this paper, a measurement-based wide-frequency (WF) modeling method to characterize the impedance of the WRSM is proposed to build a straightforward correlation between fundamental models and HF parasitic circuit elements. In this paper, the voltage-behind-reactance method is applied to demonstrate the rotor-angle-dependent characters in the low-frequency domain, while the vector fitting method is used to parameterize the HF branch for high-accuracy consideration. By doing this, a WF electrical model with multistage RLC units is formed, which comprehensively considers both the saliency character of the machine and frequency range. The WF model is also compatible with the circuit-based simulation. Finally, the EMI prediction orientated simulation and experimental results are implemented on a 10 kVA WRSM prototype to verify the correctness and advantages of the proposed modeling method.
Indoor 1-40 GHz Channel Measurements

This work presents a multidimensional measurement campaign from 1 GHz to 40 GHz in an indoor environment. MIMO channel transfer functions were obtained using a Vector Network Analyzer and Optical-Radio transceivers. The Path Loss, RMS delay spread and K factor were computed from measured data. One of the main novelties in this contribution is the channel sounder, where 39 GHz are measured simultaneously, without distance limitation due to use of fiber optics
L-band Plasma Turnstile Antenna for GPS applications

This work presents the preliminary results of a crossed dipole antenna that works in the L-band and that exploits plasma technology to generate and receive a circularly polarized electromagnetic field. The study considered in a first stage a simplified plasma crossed dipole and successively it included a more realistic design that comprises the plasma generation equipment, more realistic glass vessels and the electrodes used to generate the plasma. The simplified design can achieve good results in terms of axial ratio (i.e., circular polarization), directivity, and input impedance if compared to its metallic counterpart. However, when the more realistic antenna is considered, a down-shift in the operation frequency can be observed. Furthermore, the influence of the plasma parameters on the antenna parameters has been analyzed. All the results have been obtained through full-wave numerical simulations in CST Microwave Studio.
Tatum: Parallel Timing Analysis for Faster Design Cycles and Improved Optimization

Static Timing Analysis (STA) is used to evaluate the correctness and performance of a digital circuit implementation. In addition to final sign-off checks, STA is called numerous times during placement and routing to guide optimization. As a result, STA consumes a significant fraction of the time required for design implementation; to make progress reducing FPGA compile times we need faster STA. We evaluate the suitability of both GPU and multi-core CPU platforms for accelerating STA. On core STA algorithms our GPU kernel achieves a 6.2 times kernel speed-up but data transfer overhead reduces this to 0.9 times. Our best CPU implementation achieves a 9.2 times parallel speed-up on 32 cores, yielding a 15.2 times overall speed-up compared to the VPR analyzer, and a 6.9 times larger parallel speed-up than a recent parallel ASIC timing analyzer. We then show how reducing the run-time cost of STA can be leveraged to improve optimization quality, reducing critical path delay by 4%.
Cross-Platform Comparison of Standard Power System Components used in Real Time Simulation

Real-time simulators are an essential tool for the development of new cyber physical power system applications, specially in development and testing of smart grid functionalities. Like in many other fields of research, one of the major challenges when using simulation is that of reproducibility results. This problem becomes even more complex for the case of real time simulation when different simulation targets (i.e. hardware platforms) are considered. In this paper, comparisons between two simulators with different hardware architectures are presented. The targets compared are Opal-RT real time simulators with Intel Xeon quad-core processors and Kintex 7 FPGAs, and the Typhoon HIL 603 simulator with a combination of ARM R-class processors and Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGAs. For this comparison, standard power system components were implemented in these two environments, and simulation results from test models were compared. The current study reports the discrepancies and similarities between from the results obtained using the two platforms, and proposes a practical approach to reduce the differences found between results from both platforms. The work herein provides evidence on the need for the use of open standards for model exchange suitable for real time simulation.
Additive Manufacturing of RF Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitors on Flexible Substrate

This study aims to demonstrate the fabrication of radio-frequency (RF) metal-insulator-metal (MIM) polyimide capacitors on a flexible Kapton ™ (polyimide film) substrate using a purely additive manufacturing technology. The aerosol jet printing technology can effectively replace the use of bulky lumped components in the RF circuits such as filters, matching networks, oscillators, resonators, and mixers. Two capacitor geometries with areas of 0.25, and 0.5625 mm2have been printed. Optical profilometry of the printed metal capacitor plates and the polyimide (insulation) film show that they have average thicknesses of $\pmb{2.34 \pm 0.22\mu} \mathbf{m}$ and $\pmb{4.05 \pm 0.44\mu} \mathbf{m}$, respectively. The measured capacitance for the set of capacitors are $\pmb{1.746\pm 0.231}\ \mathbf{pF}$ and $\pmb{2.513\pm 0.133}\mathbf{pF}$, which is equivalent to a capacitance tolerance of 10% and 5%, respectively. The S-parameters were measured using the vector network analyzer up to frequency of 50 GHz and a lumped circuit model is extracted and presented through the Smith Chart using Advanced Design System TM. Moreover, the results of normalized measured capacitance and conductance as a function of temperature, adhesion, temperature (100°C/ice bath) cycling, and the maximum operating voltage of the capacitor are presented.