Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Geodetic Mass Changes of Glaciers With Varying Debris Cover in the Pangong Region of Trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India Between 1990 and 2019

Glaciers across the Himalayan arc are showing varying signs of recession. Glaciers in the eastern and western parts of the Himalayan arc are retreating more rapidly as compared to other regions. This differential retreat is often attributed to climatic, topographic, and geologic influences. The glaciers in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh are believed to be relatively stable as compared to other parts of the western Himalaya. The present study ascertained the area changes and frontal retreat of 87 glaciers in the Pangong Region between 1990 and 2019 using satellite data. The geodetic mass changes were also assessed using SRTM and TanDEM-X digital elevation models of 2000 and 2012 respectively. Besides, the glacier outlines were delineated manually and compared with existing regional and global glacier inventories that are available over the region. The GlabTop model was used to simulate the glacier-bed overdeepenings of four glaciers that are associated with a proglacial lake. The study also analyzed the impact of topographic influences and varying debris cover on glacier recession. This analysis indicated deglaciation of 6.7 ± 0.1% (0.23% a−1) from 1990 to 2019 over the Pangong Region with clean-ice glaciers showing a higher retreat (8.4 ± 0.28%) compared to the debris-covered glaciers (5.7 ± 0.14%). However, the overall recession is lower compared to other parts of northwestern Himalayas. The glacier recession showed a positive correlation with mean glacier slope (r = 0.3) and debris cover (r = 0.1) with bigger size glaciers having retreated at a lesser pace compared to smaller ones. This underpins the need for in-situ data about debris thickness to precisely ascertain the role of debris on glacier recession in the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh where debris thickness data is absent. The mean glacier elevation did not indicate any influence on glacier recession. From 2000 to 12, the glaciers lost an ice mass amounting to 0.33 ± 0.05 m we. per year. The formation of four new proglacial lakes, although small (<6 ha), need to be monitored using remote sensing data while the infrastructure development activities should not be permitted given glacial lake outburst flood risk.
Big Data as a Management Decision-Making Tool in Digital Business Environments

The article examines the problem of using big data in the process of making managerial decisions. Approaches to the definition of the concept and main characteristics of big data are considered, the sources of big data, methods of big data analysis are revealed, the comparison of traditional management information analytics and big data analytics is given, the possibilities of using big data in the planning of functional strategies of the organization are shown, the prospects for the development of the big data market in the conditions of business digitalization are evaluated.
An Investigative Approach to Employ Support Vector Classifier as a Potential Detector of Brain Cancer from MRI Dataset

This paper proposes an investigative analysis to study the applicability of support vector classifier (SVC) algorithm to detect brain cancer efficiently. Brain cancer, mostly triggered by tumor cells in brain can be too lethal if malignancy is not identified at an early stage. Timely and tailored treatment plan will lead to an optimistic result which will lessen the magnitude of the disease. But it is really challenging to figure out malignancies manually from a large MRI dataset. In this context, a dataset from kaggle has been deployed to conduct multiclass classification by SVC where the information is extracted from MRI pictures. However, Linear SVC and NuSVC are also investigated apart from traditional SVC method. In order to increase the performance of the models, grid search cross validation is applied to tune the hyperparameters. All of confusion matrices for both tuning and without tuning of hyperparameters are presented in a comprehensive manner and thus, the performance parameters are tabulated and evaluated extensively. Among the three approaches, NuSVC depicts the maximum accuracy of 95.71% along with tuning the hyperparameters.
Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Intestinal Cells of Salmon: Hints From Transcriptomic and Imaging Data

The intestine has many types of cells that are present mostly in the epithelium and lamina propria. The importance of the intestinal cells for the mammalian mucosal immune system is well-established. However, there is no in-depth information about many of the intestinal cells in teleosts. In our previous study, we reported that adherent intestinal cells (AIC) predominantly express macrophage-related genes. To gather further evidence that AIC include macrophage-like cells, we compared their phagocytic activity and morphology with those of adherent head kidney cells (AKC), previously characterized as macrophage-like cells. We also compared equally abundant as well as differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs between AIC and AKC. AIC had lower phagocytic activity and were larger and more circular than macrophage-like AKC. RNA-Seq data revealed that there were 18309 mRNAs, with 59 miRNAs that were equally abundant between AIC and AKC. Integrative analysis of the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes revealed macrophage heterogeneity in both AIC and AKC. In addition, analysis of AIC and AKC transcriptomes revealed functional characteristics of mucosal and systemic macrophages. Five pairs with significant negative correlations between miRNA and mRNAs were linked to macrophages and epithelial cells and their interaction could be pointing to macrophage activation and differentiation. The potential macrophage markers suggested in this study should be investigated under different immune conditions to understand the exact macrophage phenotypes.
Neo-Fuzzy System With Special Type Membership Functions Adaptation and Fast Tuning Of Synaptic Weights In Emotion Recognition Task

The neo-fuzzy system for image recognition (by the example of emotion recognition) is proposed. It is designed to solve the task under consideration in conditions of a short dataset and overlapping classes. The distinctive feature of the system is its hybrid learning, which includes controlled learning with a teacher, lazy learning on the principle of "neurons at data points" and self-learning according to T. Kohonen. Also, the ability to tune both synaptic weights and membership functions of special form and provide improved approximation abilities. The system under consideration has a high learning speed and provides good recognition quality that is proved by the results of the computational experiment.
Comparison of Robust Input Shapers for Elimination of Residual Vibrations

Input shaping is a feedforward control technique for improving the settling time and positioning accuracy, while minimizing residual vibrations. Shaped command profiles are generated by convolving a sequence of impulses. To design an input shaping controller, estimates of the system natural frequency and damping ratio are required. However, real systems cannot be modeled exactly, making the robustness to modeling errors an important consideration. Many robust input shapers have been developed, but robust shapers typically have longer durations that slow the system response. This creates a compromise between shaper robustness and rise time. This paper analyses the compromise between shaper duration and robustness for several robust input shapers
Exploring the Effects of Greek Yogurt Supplementation and Exercise Training on Serum Lithium and Its Relationship With Musculoskeletal Outcomes in Men

Dairy products can act as a dietary source of lithium (Li), and a recent study in university-aged males demonstrated that Greek yogurt (GY) supplementation augmented gains in fat free mass, strength and bone formation after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training compared to carbohydrate (CHO) pudding supplementation. Here, we performed secondary analyses to explore whether GY would alter serum Li levels and whether changes in serum Li would associate with changes in body composition, strength, and bone turnover markers. Results show that the GY group maintained serum Li levels after exercise training, whereas the CHO group did not. Maintaining/elevating serum Li levels was also associated with greater gains in strength and reductions in bone resorption. However, controlling for other dietary factors in GY such as protein and calcium weakened these associations. Thus, future studies should assess the causative role, if any, of dietary Li alone on strength and bone resorption in humans.
Evolution des extrêmes hydrométriques en France à partir de données observées

De nombreuses interrogations subsistent aujourd'hui sur l'evolution des extremes hydrologiques en France, suite aux effets attendus d'un changement climatique. Nous presentons les resultats d'une analyse menee dans le cadre d'un projet PNRH sur la detection de tendances ou de ruptures dans le regime des crues et des etiages en France. Un jeu de 192 longues series hydrometriques a ete etabli, en retenant les stations avec au moins 40 annees de mesure et des courbes de tarage reputees bonnes. Un ensemble de tests statistiques a ete applique sur differentes variables hydrologiques en crue (debit maximum annuel et valeurs superieures a un seuil, frequence des evenements) et en etiage (debit minimum annuel, duree et volume d'etiage). Les resultats obtenus pour le regime des crues ne montrent pas de tendance generalisee, ni a la hausse ni a la baisse. L'augmentation significative des dommages dus aux inondations provient en fait d'une augmentation de la vulnerabilite aux inondations, suite a une urbanisation mal maitrisee. Les changements detectes sur les etiages semblent plus importants et des investigations sont en cours pour apprecier ce qui releve d'influences anthropiques, de problemes metrologiques et d'influences climatiques.Par ailleurs, un nouveau cadre d'analyse probabiliste Bayesienne a ete mis au point pour integrer la non stationnarite comme une incertitude supplementaire dans la predetermination des valeurs extremes de reference. / Impact of climate change on hydrological extremes in France is still an open question. Results of a PNRH project about detecting trends or step-changes in the extreme hydrological regimes in France are here presented. A set of 192 hydrological series has been used, with at least 40 years of data and good quality rating curves. Statistical tests were applied on hydrological variables describing high flows (annual maxima, peak-over-threshold discharges and events frequency) and low flows (annual minima, duration and volume of droughts). Concerning high flows, no evidence of a consistent change has been found. The significant increase in the damages induced by floods thus arises from an increase in the vulnerability, caused by an unreasonable urbanization. Trends in annual minima may be stronger, but additional studies are needed in order to differentiate anthropogenic, metrological and climatic factors. Moreover, a Bayesian framework has been constructed in order to incorporate the hypothesis of stationarity as a new uncertainty in floods or droughts frequency analysis.
The Origins of Passive, Active, and Sleep-Related Fatigue

Driving is a safety-critical task that requires an alert and vigilant driver. Most research on the topic of vigilance has focused on its proximate causes, namely low arousal and resource expenditure. The present article aims to build upon previous work by discussing the ultimate causes, or the processes that tend to precede low arousal and resource expenditure. The authors review different aspects of fatigue that contribute to a loss of vigilance and how they tend to occur; specifically, the neurochemistry of passive fatigue, the electrophysiology of active fatigue, and the chronobiology of sleep-related fatigue.
Revisiting Subject–Object Asymmetry in the Production of Cantonese Relative Clauses: Evidence From Elicited Production in 3-Year-Olds

Emergentist approaches to language acquisition identify a core role for language-specific experience and give primacy to other factors like function and domain-general learning mechanisms in syntactic development. This directly contrasts with a nativist structurally oriented approach, which predicts that grammatical development is guided by Universal Grammar and that structural factors constrain acquisition. Cantonese relative clauses (RCs) offer a good opportunity to test these perspectives because its typologically rare properties decouple the roles of frequency and complexity in subject- and object-RCs in a way not possible in European languages. Specifically, Cantonese object RCs of the classifier type are frequently attested in children’s linguistic experience and are isomorphic to frequent and early-acquired simple SVO transitive clauses, but according to formal grammatical analyses Cantonese subject RCs are computationally less demanding to process. Thus, the two opposing theories make different predictions: the emergentist approach predicts a specific preference for object RCs of the classifier type, whereas the structurally oriented approach predicts a subject advantage. In the current study we revisited this issue. Eighty-seven monolingual Cantonese children aged between 3;2 and 3;11 (Mage: 3;6) participated in an elicited production task designed to elicit production of subject- and object- RCs. The children were very young and most of them produced only noun phrases when RCs were elicited. Those (nine children) who did produce RCs produced overwhelmingly more object RCs than subject RCs, even when animacy cues were controlled. The majority of object RCs produced were the frequent classifier-type RCs. The findings concur with our hypothesis from the emergentist perspectives that input frequency and formal and functional similarity to known structures guide acquisition.
Multimodal Affect Models: An Investigation of Relative Salience of Audio and Visual Cues for Emotion Prediction

People perceive emotions via multiple cues, predominantly speech and visual cues, and a number of emotion recognition systems utilize both audio and visual cues. Moreover, the perception of static aspects of emotion (speaker's arousal level is high/low) and the dynamic aspects of emotion (speaker is becoming more aroused) might be perceived via different expressive cues and these two aspects are integrated to provide a unified sense of emotion state. However, existing multimodal systems only focus on single aspect of emotion perception and the contributions of different modalities toward modeling static and dynamic emotion aspects are not well explored. In this paper, we investigate the relative salience of audio and video modalities to emotion state prediction and emotion change prediction using a Multimodal Markovian affect model. Experiments conducted in the RECOLA database showed that audio modality is better at modeling the emotion state of arousal and video for emotion state of valence, whereas audio shows superior advantages over video in modeling emotion changes for both arousal and valence.
An active piezoelectric energy extraction method for pressure energy harvesting

This paper presents an energy harvesting technique to power autonomous systems and more particularly active implantable medical devices. We employ a piezoelectric diaphragm placed in a fluidic environment such as blood subjected to very low frequency (2 Hz) pressure variations that is deflected in a quasi-static manner and transduces mechanical energy into electrical energy. In order to maximize energy generation and to get the most out of a given piezoelectric device, we propose to apply an optimized method to extract the piezoelectrically generated charge through the application of a controlled voltage. We believe that this method could be one of the improvement levers to achieve self-powered miniaturized implants. An analytical model is presented and shows that within its validity domain, the extracted energy is proportional to the desired applied voltage. Taking power electronics losses into account can yield a theoretical increase in the extracted energy of several thousand per cent. Experimental measurements in a pressure chamber have been carried out whose results corroborate the proposed model. For the tested setup, the application of a 10 V peak amplitude square-wave voltage increased the extracted energy by a factor of nine compared to a classical rectifier-based energy harvesting method.
Listening in the Mix: Lead Vocals Robustly Attract Auditory Attention in Popular Music

Listeners can attend to and track instruments or singing voices in complex musical mixtures, even though the acoustical energy of sounds from individual instruments may overlap in time and frequency. In popular music, lead vocals are often accompanied by sound mixtures from a variety of instruments, such as drums, bass, keyboards, and guitars. However, little is known about how the perceptual organization of such musical scenes is affected by selective attention, and which acoustic features play the most important role. To investigate these questions, we explored the role of auditory attention in a realistic musical scenario. We conducted three online experiments in which participants detected single cued instruments or voices in multi-track musical mixtures. Stimuli consisted of 2-s multi-track excerpts of popular music. In one condition, the target cue preceded the mixture, allowing listeners to selectively attend to the target. In another condition, the target was presented after the mixture, requiring a more “global” mode of listening. Performance differences between these two conditions were interpreted as effects of selective attention. In Experiment 1, results showed that detection performance was generally dependent on the target’s instrument category, but listeners were more accurate when the target was presented prior to the mixture rather than the opposite. Lead vocals appeared to be nearly unaffected by this change in presentation order and achieved the highest accuracy compared with the other instruments, which suggested a particular salience of vocal signals in musical mixtures. In Experiment 2, filtering was used to avoid potential spectral masking of target sounds. Although detection accuracy increased for all instruments, a similar pattern of results was observed regarding the instrument-specific differences between presentation orders. In Experiment 3, adjusting the sound level differences between the targets reduced the effect of presentation order, but did not affect the differences between instruments. While both acoustic manipulations facilitated the detection of targets, vocal signals remained particularly salient, which suggest that the manipulated features did not contribute to vocal salience. These findings demonstrate that lead vocals serve as robust attractor points of auditory attention regardless of the manipulation of low-level acoustical cues.
Dynamic and Assembly of Benthic Bacterial Community in an Industrial-Scale In-Pond Raceway Recirculating Culture System

To reduce water utilization, limit environmental pollution, and guarantee aquatic production and quality, the in-pond raceway recirculating culture system (IPRS) has been developed and is widely used. The effectiveness and sustainability of IPRSs rely on a good understanding of the ecological processes related to bacterial communities in the purification area. In this study, we investigated the dynamics and assembly mechanisms of benthic bacterial communities in the purification area of an industrial-scale IRPS. We found significant temporal and spatial variations in the sediment characteristics and benthic bacterial communities of the IPRS, although correlation analyses revealed a very limited relationship between them. Among the different culture stages, we identified numerous benthic bacteria with different abundances. Abundances of the phyla Bacteroidota and Desulfobacterota decreased whereas those of Myxococcota and Gemmatimonadota increased as the culture cycle progressed. Co-occurrence networks revealed that the bacterial community was less complex but more stable in the IPRS at the final stage compared with the initial stage. The neutral community model (NCM) showed that stochastic processes were the dominant ecological processes shaping the assembly of the benthic bacterial community. The null model suggested that homogenizing dispersal was more powerful than dispersal limitation and drift in regulating the assembly of the community. These findings indicate that the benthic microbial communities in purification areas of the IPRS may not be affected by the deposited wastes, and a more stable benthic microbial communities were formed and mainly driven by stochastic processes. However, the benthic microbial communities in the purification area at the end of the culturing stage was characterized by potentially inhibited organic matter degradation and carbon and sulfur cycling abilities, which was not corresponding to the purification area’s function. From this point on, the IPRS, especially the purification area was needed to be further optimized and improved.
Relationships Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Profile and Work Ability in Patients With Pure Autonomic Failure

Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare disorder belonging to the group of synucleinopathies, characterized by autonomic nervous system degeneration. Severe orthostatic intolerance with recurrent syncope while standing are the two most disabling manifestations. Symptoms may start at middle age, thus affecting people at their working age. The aims of this study were to evaluate the autonomic and work ability impairment of a group of PAF patients and assess the relationships between cardiovascular autonomic control and work ability in these patients. Eleven PAF patients (age 57.3 ± 6.7 years), engaged in work activity, participated in the study. They completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31, range 0 no symptom-100 maximum symptom intensity) and Work Ability questionnaires (Work Ability Index, WAI, range 7–49; higher values indicate better work ability and lower values indicating unsatisfactory or jeopardized work ability). Electrocardiogram, blood pressure and respiratory activity were continuously recorded for 10 min while supine and during 75° head-up tilt (HUT). Autoregressive spectral analysis of cardiac cycle length approximated as the time distance between two consecutive R-wave peaks (RR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variabilities provided the power in the high frequency (HF, 0.15–0.40 Hz) and low frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) bands of RR and SAP variabilities. Cardiac sympatho-vagal interaction was assessed by LF to HF ratio (LF/HF), while the LF power of SAP (LFSAP) quantified the vascular sympathetic modulation. Changes in cardiovascular autonomic indexes induced by HUT were calculated as the delta (Δ) between HUT and supine resting positions. Spearman correlation analysis was applied. PAF patients were characterized by a moderate autonomic dysfunction (COMPASS-31 total score 47.08 ± 20.2) and by a reduction of work ability (WAI 26.88 ± 10.72). Direct significant correlations were found between WAI and ΔLFRR (r = 0.66, p = 0.03) and ΔLF/HFRR (r = 0.70, p = 0.02). Results indicate that patients who were better able to modulate heart rate, as revealed by a greater cardiac sympathetic increase and/or vagal withdrawal during the orthostatic stimulus, were those who reported higher values of WAI. This finding could be relevant to propose new strategies in the occupational environment to prevent early retirement or to extend the working life of these patients.