Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and physiologic magnetic resonance imaging in distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression in patients with glioblastoma

Pseudoprogression (PsP) refers to treatment‐related clinico‐radiologic changes mimicking true progression (TP) that occurs in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), predominantly within the first 6 months after the completion of surgery and concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with temozolomide. Accurate differentiation of TP from PsP is essential for making informed decisions on appropriate therapeutic intervention as well as for prognostication of these patients. Conventional neuroimaging findings are often equivocal in distinguishing between TP and PsP and present a considerable diagnostic dilemma to oncologists and radiologists. These challenges have emphasized the need for developing alternative imaging techniques that may aid in the accurate diagnosis of TP and PsP. In this review, we encapsulate the current state of knowledge in the clinical applications of commonly used metabolic and physiologic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques such as diffusion and perfusion imaging and proton spectroscopy in distinguishing TP from PsP. We also showcase the potential of promising imaging techniques, such as amide proton transfer and amino acid‐based positron emission tomography, in providing useful information about the treatment response. Additionally, we highlight the role of “radiomics”, which is an emerging field of radiology that has the potential to change the way in which advanced MR techniques are utilized in assessing treatment response in GBM patients. Finally, we present our institutional experiences and discuss future perspectives on the role of multiparametric MR imaging in identifying PsP in GBM patients treated with “standard‐of‐care” CCRT as well as novel/targeted therapies.
Use and Discontinuation of Milrinone for Advanced Heart Failure in an Academic Palliative Care Unit: A Case Report and Discussion of Recommendations

Abstract The use of intravenous inotropic medications in advanced heart failure (HF) has been shown to improve symptoms and decrease hospitalizations, prompting support for their use as a palliative measure for symptom management. Recommendations regarding inotrope management and method of discontinuation at the end of life are not specifically detailed in the literature and current guidelines. This case report describes the use of milrinone in a patient with advanced HF during the terminal phase of illness in a non-monitored palliative care unit setting, including dose reduction and discontinuation of milrinone. Increased patient anxiety during the weaning process was managed with midazolam. The provision of individualized milrinone therapy in non-monitored palliative care settings is feasible and well-tolerated using the presented detailed recommendations for its use and administration, monitoring, dose reduction and discontinuation and proactive symptom management at the end of life. Further research is needed for the optimal management of terminally ill patients with advanced HF. Supplemental data for this article is available online at here. show
Quantifying transfer learning synergies in infinite-layer and perovskite nitrides, oxides, and fluorides

We combine density functional theory simulations and active learning (AL) of element-embedding neural networks (NNs) to explore the sample efficiency for the prediction of vacancy layer formation energies and lattice parameters in ABX n infinite-layer (n = 2) versus perovskite (n = 3) nitrides, oxides, and fluorides in the spirit of transfer learning. Following a comprehensive data analysis from different thermodynamic, structural, and statistical perspectives, we show that NNs model these observables with high precision, using merely ∼30% of the data for training and exclusively the A-, B-, and X-site element names as minimal input devoid of any physical a priori information. Element embedding autonomously arranges the chemical elements with a characteristic recurrent topology, such that their relations are consistent with human knowledge. We compare two different embedding strategies and show that these techniques render additional input such as atomic properties negligible. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that AL is largely independent of the initial training set, and exemplify its superiority over randomly composed training sets. Despite their highly distinct chemistry, the present approach successfully identifies fundamental quantum-mechanical universalities between nitrides, oxides, and fluorides that enhance the combined prediction accuracy by up to 16% with respect to three specialized NNs at equivalent numerical effort. This quantification of synergistic effects provides an impression of the transfer learning improvements one may expect for similarly complex materials. Finally, by embedding the tensor product of the B and X sites and subsequent quantitative cluster analysis, we establish from an unbiased artificial-intelligence perspective that oxides and nitrides exhibit significant parallels, whereas fluorides constitute a rather distinct materials class.
Biobased Elastomer Nanofibers Guide Light‐Controlled Human‐iPSC‐Derived Skeletal Myofibers

Generating skeletal muscle tissue that mimics the cellular alignment, maturation, and function of native skeletal muscle is an ongoing challenge in disease modeling and regenerative therapies. Skeletal muscle cultures require extracellular guidance and mechanical support to stabilize contractile myofibers. Existing microfabrication‐based solutions are limited by complex fabrication steps, low throughput, and challenges in measuring dynamic contractile function. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a new biobased nanohybrid elastomer, which is electrospun into aligned nanofiber sheets to mimic the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix, is presented. The polymer exhibits remarkable hyperelasticity well‐matched to that of native skeletal muscle (≈11–50 kPa), with ultimate strain ≈1000%, and elastic modulus ≈25 kPa. Uniaxially aligned nanofibers guide myoblast alignment, enhance sarcomere formation, and promote a ≈32% increase in myotube fusion and ≈50% increase in myofiber maturation. The elastomer nanofibers stabilize optogenetically controlled human induced pluripotent stem cell derived skeletal myofibers. When activated by blue light, the myofiber–nanofiber hybrid constructs maintain a significantly higher (>200%) contraction velocity and specific force (>280%) compared to conventional culture methods. The engineered myofibers exhibit a power density of ≈35 W m−3. This system is a promising new skeletal muscle tissue model for applications in muscular disease modeling, drug discovery, and muscle regeneration.
Unraveling the Gonyaulax baltica Species Complex: Cyst–theca Relationship of Impagidinium variaseptum, Spiniferites pseudodelicatus sp. nov. and S. ristingensis (Gonyaulacaceae, Dinophyceae), With Descriptions of Gonyaulax bohaiensis sp. nov, G. amoyensis sp. nov. and G. portimonensis sp. nov.

The taxonomy of the extant dinoflagellate genus Gonyaulax is challenging since its thecate morphology is rather conservative. In contrast, cysts of Gonyaulax are varied in morphology and have been related with the fossil‐based genera Spiniferites and Impagidinium. To better understand the systematics of Gonyaulax species, we performed germination experiments on cysts that can be identified as S. ristingensis, an unidentified Spiniferites with petaloid processes here described as Spiniferites pseudodelicatus sp. nov. and Impagidinium variaseptum from Chinese and Portuguese waters. Despite marked differences in cyst morphology, motile cells of S. pseudodelicatus and I. variaseptum are indistinguishable from Gonyaulax baltica. Motile cells hatched from S. ristingensis are morphologically similar to G. baltica as well but differ in the presence of one pronounced antapical spine. Three new species, Gonyaulax amoyensis (cyst equivalent S. pseudodelicatus), Gonyaulax bohaiensis (cyst equivalent I. variaseptum), and Gonyaulax portimonensis (cyst equivalent S. ristingensis), were erected. In addition, a new ribotype (B) of G. baltica was reported from South Korea and a bloom of G. baltica ribotype B is reported from New Zealand. Molecular phylogeny based on LSU and SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that Gonyaulax species with minute or short antapical spines formed a well‐resolved clade, whereas species with two pronounced antapical spines or lack of antapical spines formed the sister clade. Six strains of four above species were examined for yessotoxin production by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and very low concentrations of yessotoxin were detected for one G. bohaiensis strain.
Study on the standardization of islet isolation method in rats

Objective To establish a relatively stable method for islet isolation from rats by using similar isolation method for human adult islet. Methods Islets were digested according to traditional method and standard method respectively in 12 rats. The yield of purified islets and their function which was evaluated by insulin releasing tests were compared between the two groups. Results The yields of islet after digestion and purification in standard group were 891 ± 53 islets per pancreas and 590 ± 88 islets per pancreas respectively, which were higher than the traditional group (888±115 and 562 ± 105, respectively). No significant difference was observed(t = 0.082,0.708;P = 0.935,0.486). The islet function shown in insulin releasing tests was similar between the two groups (2.57 ± 0.17 vs 2.50 ± 0.52 respectively). Conclusions The standard islet isolation method greatly reduces the experimental error and can be learned more quickly. The standard islet isolation method could improve the transplantation efficiency.
Corilagin exhibits differential anticancer effects through the modulation of STAT3/5 and MAPKs in human gastric cancer cells

Corilagin (CLG) is a hydrolyzable tannin and possesses various pharmacological activities. Here, we investigated the impact of CLG as an anti‐tumor agent against human gastric tumor cells. We observed that CLG could cause negative regulation of JAKs‐Src‐STAT3/5 signaling axis in SNU‐1 cells, but did not affect these pathways in SNU‐16 cells. Interestingly, CLG promoted the induction of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in only SNU‐16 cells, but not in the SNU‐1 cells. CLG exhibited apoptotic effects that caused an increased accumulation of the cells in sub‐G1 phase and caspase‐3 activation in both SNU‐1 and SNU‐16 cell lines. We also noticed that CLG and docetaxel co‐treatment could exhibit significantly enhanced apoptotic effects against SNU‐1 cells. Moreover, the combinations treatment of CLG and docetaxel markedly inhibited cell growth, phosphorylation of JAK‐Src‐STAT3 and induced substantial apoptosis. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of JNK, p38, and ERK substantially blocked CLG‐induced activation of MAPKs, cell viability, and apoptosis, thereby implicating the pivotal role of MAPKs in the observed anti‐cancer effects of CLG. Taken together, our data suggest that CLG could effectively block constitutive STAT3/5 activation in SNU‐1 cells but induce sustained MAPKs activation in SNU‐16 cells.
Anaerobic single-cell dispensing facilitates the cultivation of human gut bacteria.

Cultivation via classical agar plate (CAP) approaches is widely used to study microbial communities, but they are time-consuming. An alternative approach is the application of single-cell dispensing (SCD), which allows high-throughput, label-free sorting of microscopic particles. We aimed to develop a new anaerobic SCD workflow to cultivate human gut bacteria and compared it with CAP using faecal communities on three rich culture media. We found that the SCD approach significantly decreased the experimental time to obtain pure cultures from 17 ± 4 to 5 ± 0 days, while the isolate diversity and relative abundance coverage were comparable for both approaches. We further tested the total captured fraction by sequencing the sorted bacteria directly after growth as bulk biomass from 2400 dispensed single cells without downstream identification of individual strains. In this approach, the cultured fraction increased from 35.2% to 52.2% for SCD, highlighting the potential for deeper cultivation projects from single samples. SCD-based cultivation also captured species not detected by sequencing (16 ± 5 per sample, including seven novel taxa). From this work, 82 human gut bacterial species across five phyla (Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and 24 families were obtained, including the first cultured member of 11 novel genera and 10 novel species that were fully characterized taxonomically.
Diesel Engine Valve Fault Diagnosis Based on LMD Marginal Spectrum

For diagnosis of diesel engine valve clearance fault,several valve clearance faults were simulated in model WP7 diesel engine,and cylinder head vibration signals were measured in normal and fault conditions.In view of non-stationary characteristics of diesel engine cylinder head vibration signals,a fault diagnosis method based on local mean decomposition(LMD)marginal spectrum and Mahalanobis distance was proposed.In the method frequency center was defined based on the LMD marginal spectrum,using Mahalanobis distance method as fault features for judging diesel engine valve operation condition.Experimental results show that the method can effectively extract diesel engine valve clearance fault features and use them in fault identification.
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: Early complications and long-term outcomes - a single-centre experience.

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of complications after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) and to evaluate its influence on both grafts' long-term results. METHODS This was an observational, retrospective study including 39 consecutive SPKT cases from 2000-2018. Complications were classified into kidney-related and pancreas-related. The severity of complications was assessed using the modified Clavien-Dindo scale. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and log-rank tests were used. Cox regression was performed for the multivariate analysis. RESULTS All 39 recipients had long-term type I diabetes. Twenty-one (53.8%) patients suffered a Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa complication. Most complications were pancreas-related, with 17 (43.6%) patients suffering from one. Kidney-related major complications were seen in 11 (28.2%) patients. Patient survival at one, five, and 15 years was 89.7%, 87.1%, and 83.9%, respectively; kidney survival was 87.1%, 81.4%, and 73.6%, respectively; and pancreas survival was 76.9%, 71.3%, and 72%, respectively. Pancreas graft survival was influenced by the presence of major postoperative complications; patients and kidney graft survival were not. CONCLUSIONS Complications after SPKT influence pancreas graft survival. Despite the high rate of complications, our results suggest that patients' and kidney graft survival may not be affected by complications.
Development of a Quasi–Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Model for Prediction of the Immobilization Response of Daphnia magna Exposed to Metal‐Based Nanomaterials

The conventional Hill equation model is suitable to fit dose–response data obtained from performing (eco)toxicity assays. Models based on quasi–quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) to estimate the Hill coefficient ( nH) ${n}_{{\rm{H}}})$ were developed with the aim of predicting the response of the invertebrate species Daphnia magna to exposure to metal‐based nanomaterials. Descriptors representing the pristine properties of nanoparticles and media conditions were coded to a quasi–simplified molecular input line entry system and correlated to experimentally derived values of nH ${n}_{{\rm{H}}}$ . Monte Carlo optimization was used to model the set of nH ${n}_{{\rm{H}}}$ values, and the model was trained on the basis of reported dose–response relationships of 60 data sets (n = 367 individual response observations) of 11 metal‐based nanomaterials as obtained from 20 literature reports. The model simulates the training data well, with only 2.3% deviation between experimental and modeled response data. The technique was employed to predict the dose–response relationships of 15 additional data sets (n = 72 individual observations) not included in model development of seven metal‐based nanomaterials from 10 literature reports, with an average error of 3.5%. Combining the model output with either the median effective concentration value or any other known effect level as obtained from experimental data allows the prediction of full dose–response curves of D. magna immobilization. This model is an accurate screening tool that allows the determination of the shape and slope of dose–response curves, thereby greatly reducing experimental effort in case of novel advanced metal‐based nanomaterials or the prediction of responses in altered exposure media. This screening model is compliant with the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) principle, which is embraced by the scientific and regulatory communities dealing with nano‐safety. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1439–1450. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Efficacy and safety of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background Racemic ketamine and esketamine have demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects. We aimed to review the efficacy and safety of racemic and esketamine for depression. Research design and methods We conducted a PRISMA-guided review for relevant randomized controlled trials of racemic or esketamine for unipolar or bipolar major depression from database inception through 2021. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses using pooled rate ratios (RRs) and Cohen’s standardized mean differences (d) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We found 36 studies (2903 participants, 57% female, 45.1 +/- 7.0 years). Nine trials used esketamine, while the rest used racemic ketamine. The overall study quality was high. Treatment with any form of ketamine was associated with improved response (RR=2.14; 95% CI, 1.72-2.66; I2=65%), remission (RR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.33-2.02; I2=39%), and depression severity (d=-0.63; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.45; I2=78%) against placebo. Overall, there was no association between treatment with any form of ketamine and retention in treatment (RR=1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01; I2<1%), dropouts due to adverse events (RR=1.56; 95% CI, 1.00-2.45; I2<1%), or the overall number of adverse events reported per participant (OR=2.14; 95% CI, 0.82-5.60; I2=62%) against placebo. Conclusions Ketamine and esketamine are effective, safe, and acceptable treatments for individuals living with depression.
On the pitfalls of conceptualizing excessive physical exercise as an addictive disorder: Commentary on Dinardi et al. (2021)

Abstract This commentary challenges some of the proposals made in the opinion paper entitled “The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction” by Dinardi, Egorov, and Szabo (2021). We first question the usefulness of the (expanded) interactional model of exercise addiction to determine the psychological processes underlying distress and functional impairment in excessive physical exercise. We then consider the authors’ use of the Self-Determination Theory to model exercise addiction, which risks the misclassification of strenuous, but adaptive, patterns of physical exercise as exercise addiction. We finally address broader concerns regarding the idea that maladaptive exercising could be conceptualized as an addictive disorder.
Adaptive Learning Neural Network Method for Solving Time–Fractional Diffusion Equations

Abstract A neural network method for solving fractional diffusion equations is presented in this letter. An adaptive gradient descent method is proposed to minimize energy functions. Due to the memory effects of the fractional calculus, the gradient of energy function becomes much more complicated, and we suggest a simplified method. Numerical examples with one-layer and two-layer neurons show the effectiveness of the method.
Finite Method Analysis of Stress of Flexural Hinges

In finite and tiny displacement machine,flexural hinges are a new structure machine to implement tiny displacement.The inner stress of flexural hinges should be confined from the allowable stress,which is the assurance of natural work of flexural hinges.Finite method was used to analyse the inner stress of flexural hinges in different factor,and consult of the application of flexural hinges was offered.
The dysfunctional right ventricle: the importance of multi-modality imaging

Abstract Assessment of right ventricular (RV) function is crucial for the evaluation of the dyspnoeic patient and/or with systemic venous congestion and provides powerful prognostic insights. It can be performed using different imaging modalities including standard and advanced echocardiographic techniques, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and radionuclide techniques, which should be used in a complementary fashion. Each modality has strengths and weaknesses based on which the choice of their use and in which combination may vary according to the different clinical scenarios as will be detailed in this review. The conclusions from multiple studies using different imaging techniques are concordant: RV function can be reliably assessed and is a critical predictor of clinical outcomes.
Ambulance attendance for substance and/or alcohol use in a pandemic: Interrupted time series analysis of incidents

Abstract Introduction The ambulance attendance for substance and/or alcohol use in a pandemic (ASAP) study explores incidents during the COVID‐19 lockdown in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom (23 March–4 July 2020). Method Retrospective cross‐sectional count per day of ambulance attendances from the East Midlands Ambulance Service Trust. Ambulance attendances relating to alcohol or other drug use in the year prior, during lockdown and weeks following, were examined using interrupted time series analysis by patient demographics and geographical location. Results A total of 36 104 records were identified (53.7% male, 84.5% ethnicity classified as White, mean age 38.4 years). A significant drop in the number of attendances per day at the start of lockdown (−25.24, confidence interval − 38.16, −12.32) was observed, followed by a gradual increase during the ongoing lockdown period (0.36, confidence interval 0.23, 0.46). Similar patterns were found across genders, age groups 16–64 and urban/rural locations. Discussion and Conclusion The pattern of ambulance attendances for alcohol or other drug use changed during the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Lockdown significantly affected the use of ambulances for incidents involving alcohol or other drug use, impacting on health‐care services. Further research into hazardous use of alcohol or other drugs during the lockdown periods is needed to inform policy, planning and public health initiatives.