Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Hybrid Methods for Graph Pattern Queries

In the subgraph querying problem, given a query graph and a dataset of graphs, we want to locate which graphs in the dataset contain the query and/or find all its occurrences. Over the years, numerous methods, fragmented in 2 categories, were proposed to tackle the problem. In the first category, methods follow the filter-then-verify (FTV) paradigm where an index is used to filter out graphs that definitely do not contain the query as an answer. On the remaining set of graphs, a subgraph isomorphism algorithm is applied to verify the graphs that contain the query graph. A second category, so called no-filter, verify (NFV), invested in optimizing the subgraph isomorphism process, by employing a lightweight index primarily to locate candidate vertices on the graphs in the dataset. The current trend is to totally dismiss the FTV methods and employ NFV methods instead. With this work we wish to point out that a hybrid solution that is, a combination of the filtering of some FTV method with the subgraph isomorphism test of top-performing NFV methods, can be highly competitive in terms of performance vis-a-vis methods from either the FTV or the NFV category. We will present some preliminary results, based on experiments, where such a combination proves to be beneficial by primarily avoiding the initiation of a large number of redundant subgraph isomorphism tests. © 2017, Copyright is with the authors.
Low-power sequential circuit using single phase Adiabatic Dynamic Logic

This paper presents implementation of Sequential logic circuits by using a novel Quasi-Static Single-phase Adiabatic Dynamic Logic (SPADL). SPADL uses only a single sinusoidal source as supply-clock which ensures lower energy dissipation and also simplifies the clocking management. Moreover SPADL logic substantially decreases transistor overheads with improved driving ability and circuit robustness. In order to demonstrate workability of the newly proposed logic, an adiabatic asynchronous sequential circuit, designed using SPADL logic has been implemented in a TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process. CADENCE simulation shows that SPADL mod-10 counter circuits consume only 25% and 14% energy of single phase Clocked Adiabatic Logic and static CMOS at 100MHz. Both simulation and measurement results verify the functionality of such logic, making it suitable for implementing energy-aware and performance-efficient sequential circuit.
A real-time heart beat detector and quantitative investigation based on FPGA

A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based system for single-lead electrocardiogram signal QRS complex detection is presented in this paper. The system consists of Quadratic Spline wavelet transform, moving average filter, signed squaring and a Modulus Maxima Pair Recognition module. The parallel and pipelined architecture of the system allows a maximum throughput equals 46MS/s. The QRS Complex detection accuracy is validated using MIT/BIH arrhythmia database, in which, sensitivity of 99.35% and predictivity of 99.70% are achieved. Less than 2000 logic elements are utilized to implement this algorithm in an Altera cycloneH FPGA. The performance and resource consumption show that the design also suits for digital ASIC, which benefits in processing high volume of ECG data.
An Experimental Study of Minimum Cost Flow Algorithms

This paper presents an experimental study of efficient algorithms for the minimum cost flow problem. It is more comprehensive than earlier surveys both in terms of the range of considered implementations and the size of the test instances. In the cost scaling algorithm, Goldberg’s partial augmentrelabel method was also applied, which is a novel result. The studied algorithms were implemented as part of the LEMON C++ optimization library (http://lemon.cs.elte.hu). They were compared to widely known efficient solvers, namely, the corresponding method of the LEDA library and three public codes: CS2, RelaxIV, and MCF. Our implementations turned out to be comparable and often superior to them.
A Theory of Friendly Boards

We analyze the consequences of the board's dual role as advisor as well as monitor of management. Given this dual role, the CEO faces a trade-off in disclosing information to the board: If he reveals his information, he receives better advice; however, an informed board will also monitor him more intensively. Since an independent board is a tougher monitor, the CEO may be reluctant to share information with it. Thus, management-friendly boards can be optimal. Using the insights from the model, we analyze the differences between sole and dual board systems. We highlight several policy implications of our analysis.
The Benchmark of Paragraph and Sentence Extraction Summaries using Outlier Document Filtering based Multi-Document Summarizer

We studied outlier document filtering (ODF) for extractive sentence summarization. Our results are superior compared to the average of the participant systems’ using DUC 2006. Furthermore, we add extractive paragraph summarization to the same system. It is surprising that the results are nearly the same for ROUGE metrics. Although extractive paragraph summarization has a better performance for precision, extractive sentence summarization has a slightly better performance on the recall and F-Score which is the harmonic mean of recall and precision. The ODF is successful for both extractive sentence and paragraph summarization. The similarity metric (match percent) suggested in the article prevents the domination of longer sentences/paragraphs on shorter sentences/paragraphs in selection. As a result, the ODF provides the flexibility of paragraph extraction instead of sentence extraction for simplicity and readability and less work load.
Physician satisfaction with two order entry systems.

OBJECTIVES In the wake of the Institute of Medicine report, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (LT Kohn, JM Corrigan, MS Donaldson, eds; Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999), numerous advisory panels are advocating widespread implementation of physician order entry as a means to reduce errors and improve patient safety. Successful implementation of an order entry system requires that attention be given to the user interface. The authors assessed physician satisfaction with the user interface of two different order entry systems-a commercially available product, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS). DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT A standardized instrument for measuring user satisfaction with physician order entry systems was mailed to internal medicine and medicine-pediatrics house staff physicians. The subjects answered questions on each system using a 0 to 9 scale. RESULTS The survey response rates were 63 and 64 percent for the two order entry systems. Overall, house staff were dissatisfied with the commercial system, giving it an overall mean score of 3.67 (95 percent confidence interval [95%CI], 3.37-3.97). In contrast, the CPRS had a mean score of 7.21 (95% CI, 7.00-7.43), indicating that house staff were satisfied with the system. Overall satisfaction was most strongly correlated with the ability to perform tasks in a "straightforward" manner. CONCLUSIONS User satisfaction differed significantly between the two order entry systems, suggesting that all order entry systems are not equally usable. Given the national usage of the two order entry systems studied, further studies are needed to assess physician satisfaction with use of these same systems at other institutions.
Two-Real-Symbol-Decoding for O-STBC with Offset QAM for Four Transmit Antennas

A novel 4 x 1 scheme of transmitting two real orthogonal space-time block codes (O-STBC) on the I- and Q-channels with pulse-shaped offset QAM has recently been proposed. In order to achieve good spectral confinement, a pulse shape that introduces a small amount of controlled interference between I/Q- channels is used for the offset QAM signal. In this paper, two-real- symbol joint decoding is investigated for the scheme. This joint decoding can outperform the single-real symbol decoding proposed previously and the best-performing quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QO-STBC) by more than 1 dB at bit error probability of 10-5 when the interference introduced by the pulse shape is relatively large.
On the origins of chronic regulatory focus : The role of socioeconomic status

Higgins’ Regulatory Focus Theory hypothesizes that chronic regulatory focus develops from caretaker-child interactions. Consistent with this theory, previous studies have found that parenting style during childhood predicts whether one later develops promotion focus (eager strategies to achieve success) or prevention focus (vigilant strategies to avoid failure). The present study revises this hypothesis to assess the impact of broader environmental factors by examining the influence of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on the development of chronic regulatory focus. In a correlational study, low SES was associated with authoritarian (punitive) parenting style, which was in turn correlated with prevention focus. High SES during childhood was associated with authoritative (nurturing) parenting style, which was correlated with promotion focus. Although the study failed to find a direct effect of SES on regulatory focus in our mediation model, we suggest that the present study is limited by its design. The question of whether environmental factors beyond parenting are significant predictors of regulatory focus merits further research.
On the efficient prediction of fractal signals

A novel prediction scheme for self-affine fractal signals is presented. The signal is modeled by self-affine linear mappings, whose contraction factors are assumed to follow an auto-regressive (AR) process. In this way, the highly nonlinear time evolution of the fractal signal is captured by the linear AR process of the contraction factors, thereby exploiting the simplicity and ease of computation inherent in the AR model. An adaptive version of the proposed scheme is applied in simulations using the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot cosine fractal, as well as, in practice, using real radar sea clutter data.
Design of Wideband/Dual-Band E-Shaped Patch Antennas With the Transmission Line Mode Theory

This paper proposes a new circuit model for E-shaped patch antennas (ESPA) using the multiconductor transmission line mode theory (the modal theory). First, radiation and transmission line modes generated on the ESPA are described, and an equivalent circuit is derived from the modal theory. The equivalent circuit is analyzed in detail to obtain wideband and multiband characteristics. For wideband ESPAs, the theoretical maximum bandwidth is derived under VSWR criterion. Dual-band ESPA is also discussed theoretically. Finally, impedance characteristics obtained by the circuit model are compared with full-wave electromagnetic simulations and measurements.
Tight integration of cache, path and task-interference modeling for the analysis of hard real time systems

Traditional timing analysis for hard real-time systems is a two-step approach consisting of isolated per-task timing analysis and subsequent scheduling analysis which is conceptually entirely separated and is based only on execution time bounds of whole tasks. Today this model is outdated as it relies on technical assumptions that are not feasible on modern processor architectures any longer. The key limiting factor in this traditional model is the interfacing from micro-architectural analysis of individual tasks to scheduling analysis — in particular path analysis as the binding step between the two is a major obstacle. In this thesis, we contribute to traditional techniques that overcome this problem by means of bypassing path analysis entirely, and propose a general path analysis and several derivatives to support improved interfacing. Specifically, we discuss, on the basis of a precise cache analysis, how existing metrics to bound cache-related preemption delay (CRPD) can be derived from cache representation without separate analyses, and suggest optimizations to further reduce analysis complexity and to increase accuracy. In addition, we propose two new estimation methods for CRPD based on the explicit elimination of infeasible task interference scenarios. The first one is conventional in that path analysis is ignored, the second one specifically relies on it. We formally define a general path analysis framework in accordance to the principles of program analysis — as opposed to most existing approaches that differ conceptually and therefore either increase complexity or entail inherent loss of information — and propose solutions for several problems specific to timing analysis in this context. First, we suggest new and efficient methods for loop identification. Based on this, we show how path analysis itself is applied to the traditional problem of per-task worst-case execution time bounds, define its generalization to sub-tasks, discuss several optimizations and present an efficient reference algorithm. We further propose analyses to solve related problems in this domain, such as the estimation of bounds on best-case execution times, latest execution times, maximum blocking times and execution frequencies. Finally, we then demonstrate the utility of this additional information in scheduling analysis by proposing a new CRPD bound.
Investigation of the abundance and subunit composition of GABAA receptor subtypes in the cerebellum of α1‐subunit‐deficient mice

In cerebellum, 75% of all GABAA receptors contain α1 subunits. Here, we investigated compensatory changes in GABAA receptor subunit expression and composition in α1 subunit‐knockout mice. In these mice the total number of cerebellar GABAA receptors was reduced by 46%. Whereas the number of receptors containing α6 subunits was unchanged, the total amount of α6 subunits was significantly elevated. RT‐PCR showed no increase of α6 mRNA levels, arguing against increased biosynthesis of these subunits. Elevated levels of α6 subunits in α1 ‐/‐ mice might thus have been caused by an increased incorporation of unassembled α6 subunits, replacing α1 subunits in α1α6βγ2 or α1α6βδ receptors, thus rescuing α6 subunits from degradation. Elevated levels of α3 and α4 subunits in the cerebellum of α1 ‐/‐ mice possibly can be explained similarly. Finally, a small amount of receptors containing no γ or δ subunits was identified in these mice. Results suggest a total loss of GABAA receptors in cell types where α1 was the only α subunit expressed and a partial compensation for receptor loss in cell types containing other α subunits. Our results do not support a significant compensatory synthesis of other GABAA receptor subunits in the cerebellum of α1 ‐/‐ mice.
C-kit receptor expression in Ewing's sarcoma: lack of prognostic value but therapeutic targeting opportunities in appropriate conditions.

PURPOSE Autocrine/paracrine stimulation of c-kit has been recently observed in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell lines. In this study, we tested the prognostic and therapeutic role of the receptor in this tumor. METHODS One hundred one ES tumor biopsies were evaluated for the expression of c-kit by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase procedure. Effectiveness of STI-571 (Gleevec; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), a selective inhibitor of specific tyrosine kinases, was analyzed with respect to in vitro growth and migration inhibition, as single agent or in combination with doxorubicin. RESULTS Approximately 30% of patients expressed c-kit in their primary tumors. No significant association between the expression of the receptor and the clinical outcome was observed. In vitro growth of ES cell lines showing high levels of c-kit demonstrated limited inhibition by exposure to STI-571 (10 micromol/L is required to obtain 40% to 50% of growth inhibition). A decrease of stem-cell factor-mediated ES cell migration was also found. The drug acted additively with doxorubicin in inhibiting ES cell growth. CONCLUSION The negative prognostic findings and the limited in vitro therapeutic activity of STI-571 indicate that the putative aberrant signaling provided by c-kit overexpression may be dispensable for ES development and unlikely to constitute a critical therapeutic target. Accordingly, the dose of STI-571 required to give a significant ES growth inhibition is much higher than for those tumors in which mutations of c-kit constitute a relevant pathogenetic event. Nevertheless, in the subset of ES patients showing a high level of c-kit expression, the activity of the drug may be exploited in combination with standard therapy.
Molecular Basis for Recognition of the Cancer Glycobiomarker, LacdiNAc (GalNAc[β1→4]GlcNAc), by Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin*

Aberrant glycosylation and the overexpression of specific carbohydrate epitopes is a hallmark of many cancers, and tumor-associated oligosaccharides are actively investigated as targets for immunotherapy and diagnostics. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) is a legume lectin that recognizes terminal N-acetylgalactosaminides with high affinity. WFA preferentially binds the disaccharide LacdiNAc (β-d-GalNAc-[1→4]-d-GlcNAc), which is associated with tumor malignancy in leukemia, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, and liver cancers and has shown promise in cancer glycobiomarker detection. The mechanism of specificity for WFA recognition of LacdiNAc is not fully understood. To address this problem, we have determined affinities and structure of WFA in complex with GalNAc and LacdiNAc. Affinities toward Gal, GalNAc, and LacdiNAc were measured via surface plasmon resonance, yielding KD values of 4.67 × 10−4 m, 9.24 × 10−5 m, and 5.45 × 10−6 m, respectively. Structures of WFA in complex with LacdiNAc and GalNAc have been determined to 1.80–2.32 Å resolution. These high resolution structures revealed a hydrophobic groove complementary to the GalNAc and, to a minor extent, to the back-face of the GlcNAc sugar ring. Remarkably, the contribution of this small hydrophobic surface significantly increases the observed affinity for LacdiNAc over GalNAc. Tandem MS sequencing confirmed the presence of two isolectin forms in commercially available WFA differing only in the identities of two amino acids. Finally, the WFA carbohydrate binding site is similar to a homologous lectin isolated from Vatairea macrocarpa in complex with GalNAc, which, unlike WFA, binds not only αGalNAc but also terminal Ser/Thr O-linked αGalNAc (Tn antigen).
Relationship Between Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Scores and Clinic Attendance Among Cocaine Abusing, Buprenorphine Maintained Outpatients

With the recent approval of buprenorphine for the treatment of opiate dependence in the United States it has become important to develop an understanding of the factors that influence the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes when using buprenorphine. This study examined, in a convenience sample, the relationship between novelty-seeking behaviors, as determined by Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and attendance variables during participation in a buprenorphine-based treatment program for 21 heroin-dependent cocaine users that took place in the late 1990s. Approximately two-thirds of the participants were male and primarily African-American. About half of them were employed and had at least a high school education. Approximately one-third of them were married or cohabitating and they all resided in the greater Detroit, Michigan area of the United States. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was administered to the participants prior to entering the treatment program. Demographic variables, psychiatric distress, and substance use severity were also evaluated. Variables with significant bivariate relationships with poor attendance measures were entered into a regression analysis predicting attendance measures. Participants who scored high on the TPQ Novelty Seeking Scale attended significantly fewer regularly scheduled visits, had a greater overall number of missed visits, and shorter treatment retention times. Demographics, substance use severity, and psychiatric distress did not have significant relationships with these attendance measures.
A buck-type power-factor-correction circuit

A buck-type power-factor-correction (PFC) circuit is proposed for low dc voltage applications. To achieve a high power factor, a conventional buck converter is cascaded by an auxiliary flyback conversion circuit to continue drawing current from the ac line source at the vicinity of zero crossing. The PFC circuit consists of only an active power switch, and thus has a high efficiency and can easily be accomplished by a simple control circuit with pulse width modulation. A laboratory circuit designed for a 48 V, 30 W dc load is built and tested to verify the theoretical analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that a power factor of 0.99 and a circuit efficiency of 92.5% can be achieved.
Do surveys with paper and electronic devices differ in quality and cost? Experience from the Rufiji Health and demographic surveillance system in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Background: Data entry at the point of collection using mobile electronic devices may make data-handling processes more efficient and cost-effective, but there is little literature to document and quantify gains, especially for longitudinal surveillance systems. Objective: To examine the potential of mobile electronic devices compared with paper-based tools in health data collection. Methods: Using data from 961 households from the Rufiji Household and Demographic Survey in Tanzania, the quality and costs of data collected on paper forms and electronic devices were compared. We also documented, using qualitative approaches, field workers, whom we called ‘enumerators’, and households’ members on the use of both methods. Existing administrative records were combined with logistics expenditure measured directly from comparison households to approximate annual costs per 1,000 households surveyed. Results: Errors were detected in 17% (166) of households for the paper records and 2% (15) for the electronic records (p < 0.001). There were differences in the types of errors (p = 0.03). Of the errors occurring, a higher proportion were due to accuracy in paper surveys (79%, 95% CI: 72%, 86%) compared with electronic surveys (58%, 95% CI: 29%, 87%). Errors in electronic surveys were more likely to be related to completeness (32%, 95% CI 12%, 56%) than in paper surveys (11%, 95% CI: 7%, 17%). The median duration of the interviews (‘enumeration’), per household was 9.4 minutes (90% central range 6.4, 12.2) for paper and 8.3 (6.1, 12.0) for electronic surveys (p = 0.001). Surveys using electronic tools, compared with paper-based tools, were less costly by 28% for recurrent and 19% for total costs. Although there were technical problems with electronic devices, there was good acceptance of both methods by enumerators and members of the community. Conclusions: Our findings support the use of mobile electronic devices for large-scale longitudinal surveys in resource-limited settings.
Novel Attributes of a Dual Material Gate Nanoscale Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor

In this paper, we propose the application of a dual material gate (DMG) in a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) to simultaneously optimize the on-current, the off-current, and the threshold voltage and also improve the average subthreshold slope, the nature of the output characteristics, and immunity against the drain-induced barrier lowering effects. We demonstrate that, if appropriate work functions are chosen for the gate materials on the source side and the drain side, the TFET shows a significantly improved performance. We apply the technique of DMG in a strained double-gate TFET with a high-k gate dielectric to show an overall improvement in the characteristics of the device, along with achieving a good on-current and an excellent average subthreshold slope. The results show that the DMG technique can be applied to TFETs with different channel materials, channel lengths, gate-oxide materials, gate-oxide thicknesses, and power supply levels to achieve significant gains in the overall device characteristics.