Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association between self-reported psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation and disability among adolescents in Finland and Sweden

Aim: To analyse the associations between bullying victimisation, disability, and self-reported psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, and to investigate the role of support from parents and teachers in such associations. Methods: The study was based on Finnish and Swedish data from two waves (2013/2014 and 2017/2018) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (n=16,057). Descriptive statistics were produced for four groups of adolescents: (a) bullied with disabilities; (b) not bullied with disabilities; (c) bullied without disabilities; and (d) not bullied without disabilities (reference group). Two multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were performed for the Finnish and Swedish samples separately. The first model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation, controlling for a range of confounders. The second model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and social support from parents and teachers. Results: Across both countries, bullied adolescents with disabilities were more likely to self-report psychosomatic complaints than the reference group, even after adjusting for other potential confounders. Teacher support was identified as a potential protective factor as the odds ratio for psychosomatic complaints decreased when including teacher support as a factor in the model. The association with parent support showed mixed findings in Finland and Sweden. Conclusions: Disability in combination with bullying victimisation generated the highest levels of self-reported psychosomatic complaints compared to adolescents that were not bullied nor had disabilities. High teacher support may be a protective factor against psychosomatic complaints for bullied and/or disabled adolescents.
Software reliability model of open source software based on the decreasing trend of fault introduction

Open source software (OSS) has become one of the modern software development methods. OSS is mainly developed by developers, volunteers, and users all over the world, but its reliability has been widely questioned. When OSS faults are detected, volunteers or users send them to developers by email or network. After the developer confirms the fault, it will be randomly assigned to the debugger who may be a developer, a volunteer, or a user. These open source community contributors also have the phenomenon of learning when removing faults. When the detected faults are removed, the number of introduced faults decreases gradually. Therefore, this study proposes a software reliability model with the decreasing trend of fault introduction in the process of OSS development and testing. The validity of the proposed model and the accuracy of estimating residual faults are verified by experiments. The proposed model can be used to evaluate the reliability and predict the remaining faults in the actual OSS development and testing process.
Endovascular coiling of recurrent trapped pseudoaneurysm of petrous ICA across the distal barrier: When the other way round is the only way around!

Background The pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the skull base form a unique subset of craniofacial pseudoaneurysms with varied diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Recurrence in a surgically treated pseudoaneurysm may become a nightmare due to very limited number of open and endovascular options. Report We report a rare case of recurrent pseudoaneurysm of petrous ICA, which presented with massive epistaxis following an initial successful occlusion by surgical trapping of the parent arterial segment with surgical clip. Cerebral angiography revealed filling of the pseudoaneurysm by small arterial channels from the external carotid, contralateral internal carotid and basilar arterial branches and emptying through the “slipped” distal clip. After a meticulous analysis of the cerebral angiogram, the recurrent pseudoaneurysm was eventually embolized retrogradely through the “slipped” clip after crossing the anterior communicating artery taking a contralateral internal carotid access. Conclusion Scrupulous planning and execution of ICA pseudoaneurysms is necessary to prevent recurrence. Naturally occuring collateral routes through the Circle of Willis aid in treatment of “unreachable” vascular lesions.
Fluorescent Artificial Antigens Revealed Extended Filopodia Networks Utilized by Live Dendritic Cells for Antigen Uptake.

Dendritic cells (DCs) can infiltrate tight junctions of the epithelium to collect remote antigens during immune surveillance. While membrane filopodia represent a plausible structure to perform this task, their functional mechanisms remain elusive owing to the lack of high-resolution characterizations in live DCs. Here, we developed fluorescent artificial antigens (FAAs) based on quantum dots coated with polyacrylic acid. Single-particle tracking of FAAs enables us to superresolve the filopodia network responsible for the antigen uptake. Using the DC2.4 cell line as a model system, we discovered the extensive membrane network approaching 200 μm in length with tunnel-like cavities about 150 nm in width. The filopodia network also contained heterogeneous circular migrasomes. Disconnecting filopodia from the cell body decreased the intracellular FAA density. Our study enables mechanistic investigations of DC filopodia and nanocarriers that target this mechanism.
Relationship Between Maximal Left Ventricular Wall Thickness and Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In adults, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy has a nonlinear relationship with SCD, but it is not known whether the same complex relationship is seen in childhood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and SCD risk in a large international pediatric HCM cohort. Methods: The study cohort comprised 1075 children (mean age, 10.2 years [±4.4]) diagnosed with HCM (1–16 years) from the International Paediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. Anonymized, noninvasive clinical data were collected from baseline evaluation and follow-up, and 5-year estimated SCD risk was calculated (HCM Risk-Kids). Results: MLVWT Z score was <10 in 598 (58.1%), ≥10 to <20 in 334 (31.1%), and ≥20 in 143 (13.3%). Higher MLVWT Z scores were associated with heart failure symptoms, unexplained syncope, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left atrial dilatation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. One hundred twenty-two patients (71.3%) with MLVWT Z score ≥20 had coexisting risk factors for SCD. Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years (interquartile range, 2.3–9.3), 115 (10.7%) had an SCD event. Freedom from SCD event at 5 years for those with MLVWT Z scores <10, ≥10 to <20, and ≥20 was 95.6%, 87.4%, and 86.0, respectively. The estimated SCD risk at 5 years had a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship with MLVWT Z score, peaking at Z score +23. The presence of coexisting risk factors had a summative effect on risk. Conclusions: In children with HCM, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between left ventricular hypertrophy and estimated SCD risk. The presence of additional risk factors has a summative effect on risk. While MLVWT is important for risk stratification, it should not be used either as a binary variable or in isolation to guide implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation decisions in children with HCM.
Physiologically Based Modeling to Predict Monoclonal Antibody Pharmacokinetics in Humans from in vitro Physiochemical Properties

ABSTRACT A model-based framework is presented to predict monoclonal antibody (mAb) pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans based on in vitro measures of antibody physiochemical properties. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is used to explore the predictive potential of 14 in vitro assays designed to measure various antibody physiochemical properties, including nonspecific cell-surface interactions, FcRn binding, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and self-association. Based on the mean plasma PK time course data of 22 mAbs from humans reported in the literature, we found a significant positive correlation (R = 0.64, p = .0013) between the model parameter representing antibody-specific vascular to endothelial clearance and heparin relative retention time, an in vitro measure of nonspecific binding. We also found that antibody-specific differences in paracellular transport due to convection and diffusion could be partially explained by antibody heparin relative retention time (R = 0.52, p = .012). Other physiochemical properties, including antibody thermal stability, hydrophobicity, cross-interaction and self-association, in and of themselves were not predictive of model-based transport parameters. In contrast to other studies that have reported empirically derived expressions relating in vitro measures of antibody physiochemical properties directly to antibody clearance, the proposed PBPK model-based approach for predicting mAb PK incorporates fundamental mechanisms governing antibody transport and processing, informed by in vitro measures of antibody physiochemical properties, and can be expanded to include more descriptive representations of each of the antibody processing subsystems, as well as other antibody-specific information.
The promotion of functional expected teaching-related emotions through expressive writing

The aim of the present preregistered study was to examine whether expressive writing can help teacher students to develop functional expected teaching-related emotions. In a variation of James W. Pennebaker´s expressive writing paradigm, 129 teacher students were randomly assigned to write on three consecutive days either about the future teaching-related events that personally trigger the greatest fear and joy (treatment group: n = 67) or about a walk in a forest and a city park (control group: n = 62). In both groups, expected teaching-related positive emotions increased and expected teaching-related negative emotions decreased with increased writing sessions. After the writing sessions, the treatment group reported a stronger change in their view about their future professional life as a teacher, a more active personal involvement with their future professional life, and an increased motivation to use expressive writing in the future. These results demonstrate that expressive writing is a promising tool to promote teacher students’ expected teaching-related emotions.
TraIning teachers in competence based education – the TRANSIt use case in Greece

The key competence acquisition (KCA) by every young person is one of the long term objectives of the updated strategic framework for European cooperation. Most of the EU Member States are formulating and at least beginning to implement policies that move their school systems from being predominantly input led and subject-oriented towards curricula which include competences, cross-curricular activities, active and individual learning, as well as a focus on learning outcomes. Yet, these developments do not necessarily result in significant, widespread changes in practice – that is, in how schools actually organise and provide learning experiences for pupils. The difficulty is in all cases translating these policies into practice. TRANSIt is a European project that aims to contribute to the enhancement of transversal key competences of students through building teachers capacity for competence oriented education. This paper presents the outcomes from the needs analysis survey on key competence acquisition (KCA) in Greece, which took place during the period June – July 2013 in which 648 responses were collected.
Selective bromodomain and extra-terminal bromodomain inhibitor inactivates macrophages and hepatic stellate cells to inhibit liver inflammation and fibrosis

ABSTRACT Liver fibrosis occurs following inflammation triggered by the integrated actions of activated liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the multiplicity of these mechanisms complicates drug therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the selective bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor compound38 can block both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in macrophages, which decreased their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The inactivation of macrophages attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced injurious inflammation concurrent with a reduction in F4/80+ cells, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, compound 38 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signaling pathways to abolish the activation of HSCs. In vivo, compound 38 significantly decreased the collagen deposition and fibrotic area of a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, and restored the deficiency of activated HSCs and the upregulation of liver inflammation. These results highlight the potential role of compound 38 in treating liver fibrosis considering its simultaneous inhibitory effects on liver inflammation and related fibrosis. Graphical abstract
Don’t judge a book by its cover: Exploring low self-reported distress and repressive coping in a pediatric chronic pain population

Repression has been linked to greater illness, somatic symptoms, and poorer physical health, both in adult and pediatric populations. The current study examined psychological and pain profiles of children with chronic pain who may under-report levels of psychological distress at a first interdisciplinary chronic pain assessment. Children and their caregiver completed measures of psychopathology and pain intensity, while clinicians rated their levels of disability. Based on self-report measures, children were classified as “repressors” (low anxiety/high social desirability) or as “true low anxious” (low anxiety/low social desirability). Groups were then compared on psychological and pain characteristics. Compared to children with true low anxiety, repressors reported lower levels of depressive and somatic symptoms but provided higher ratings on pain intensity, pain–unpleasantness, and self-oriented perfectionism. Caregivers of repressors rated their children as having higher levels of adaptability compared to caregivers of children in the true low anxious group. Groups did not differ on clinician-rated level of disability. Children classified as repressors exhibited different profiles than children classified as having true low anxiety on both psychological outcomes and pain characteristics. Repression may be an important factor to consider for those assessing and treating children with chronic pain.
Issues behind the Utilization of Community Mental Health Services by Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This study collected data on the utilization rates of community mental health services among ethnic minorities and explained the results from the frontline social workers’ perspective. Information about users’ ethnicity was collected from 11 community mental health service providers from 2015 to 2018. This was followed by two sessions of focus groups conducted with 10 frontline social workers from six community mental health centers in Hong Kong. A hybrid analysis model was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The average utilization rates of community mental health services by ethnic minorities were 0.49%, 0.58%, and 0.68% in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively, showing that ethnic minorities who comprised 8% of the population were significantly underrepresented. It is worth noting that supply-side and demand-side factors are interrelated, suggesting the low utilization rate may be overcome by implementing a proactive social work service strategy.
Challenges in obtaining accurate anthropometric measures for adults with severe obesity: A community-based study

Aims The number of people with severe obesity (BMI ⩾40 kg/m2) is increasing rapidly, but is poorly documented, partly as a result of inappropriate standard anthropometric measurement methods for community-based people. Methods As part of a broader study, people receiving care services and with severe obesity were visited at home. The people were assessed for measurements using different weighing scales and a standard portable stadiometer. If the stadiometer could not be used, their half arm span and knee height were measured to estimate their height using standard predictive equations. Results Measurements were taken for 15 women and 10 men (n = 25) aged 40–87 years (mean 62 years). Weights ranged from 98.4 to 211.8 kg (mean 150 kg), with 16 participants requiring bariatric scales. For the six people who were unable to stand, we used wheelchair scales (n = 1), bed weighing scales (n = 2), routine weights from care home records (n = 2) or weight data from hospital records (n = 1). The standard portable stadiometer could only be used for one person; the others required alternative measures from which to estimate height. Large body habitus obscured bony landmarks, meaning alternative measures gave diverse heights. Fourteen participants had a ⩾8 cm difference in height between estimates from half arm span and knee height measurements. Conclusions Standard practice commonly does not provide reliable measurements for people with severe obesity, particularly those with mobility difficulties. An inability to measure weight and height accurately can exclude people from appropriate care, obscuring the true numbers affected and the effectiveness of future service planning. Safe community care requires the availability of specialist scales and standardised methods for height estimation appropriate for older and disabled people with severe obesity.
The incidence of pain and its association with quality of life in patients with peritoneal dialysis

Abstract Background The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence of pain in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to analyze the correlation between pain and quality of life. Methods PD patients who followed up in our PD center from March 2016 to December 2017 were included. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to assess pain status. Depression status, sleep quality, quality of life and clinical data were also collected. Results A total of 463 PD patients were included, of whom 153 patients (33.1%) with pain. The main cause of pain was calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder (51.6%). About 101 patients (66.0%) had multiple sites of pain, and 28 patients (18.3%) with pain were treated with analgesic drugs. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.026; p = 0.032) and higher intact parathyroid hormone level (OR = 1.043; p = 0.040) were independent risk factors for pain in PD patients. Multivariate analysis showed that score of pain rating index was an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms (OR = 1.100; p = 0.015), the score of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (B = 0.005; p = 0.044) and the score of physical component scale (B= −0.727; p = 0.016) in PD patients. Conclusions The incidence of pain in PD patients was 33.1%. Older age and higher intact parathyroid hormone level were independent risk factors for pain. Pain was independently associated with depressive symptoms, sleep quality and quality of life in PD patients.
Tubular cells produce FGF2 via autophagy after acute kidney injury leading to fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis

ABSTRACT Following acute kidney injury (AKI), renal tubular cells may stimulate fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion leading to interstitial fibrosis, but the paracrine factors and their regulation under this condition remain elusive. Here we identify a macroautophagy/autophagy-dependent FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) production in tubular cells. Upon induction, FGF2 acts as a key paracrine factor to activate fibroblasts for renal fibrosis. After ischemic AKI in mice, autophagy activation persisted for weeks in renal tubular cells. In inducible, renal tubule-specific atg7 (autophagy related 7) knockout (iRT-atg7-KO) mice, autophagy deficiency induced after AKI suppressed the pro-fibrotic phenotype in tubular cells and reduced fibrosis. Among the major cytokines, tubular autophagy deficiency in iRT-atg7-KO mice specifically diminished FGF2. Autophagy inhibition also attenuated FGF2 expression in TGFB1/TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1)-treated renal tubular cells. Consistent with a paracrine action, the culture medium of TGFB1-treated tubular cells stimulated renal fibroblasts, and this effect was suppressed by FGF2 neutralizing antibody and also by fgf2- or atg7-deletion in tubular cells. In human, compared with non-AKI, the renal biopsies from post-AKI patients had higher levels of autophagy and FGF2 in tubular cells, which showed significant correlations with renal fibrosis. These results indicate that persistent autophagy after AKI induces pro-fibrotic phenotype transformation in tubular cells leading to the expression and secretion of FGF2, which activates fibroblasts for renal fibrosis during maladaptive kidney repair. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladnine; ACTA2/α-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB/β-actin: actin, beta; AKI: acute kidney injury; ATG/Atg: autophagy related; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CCN2/CTGF: cellular communication network factor 2; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CM: conditioned medium; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; COL4A1: collagen, type IV, alpha 1; CQ: chloroquine; ECM: extracellular matrix; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2; FN1: fibronectin 1; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HAVCR1/KIM-1: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; ISH: in situ hybridization; LTL: lotus tetragonolobus lectin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PDGFB: platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide; PPIB/cyclophilin B: peptidylprolyl isomerase B; RT-qPCR: real time-quantitative PCR; SA-GLB1/β-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase, beta 1; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; sCr: serum creatinine; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TASCC: TOR-autophagy spatial coupling compartment; TGFB1/TGF-β1: transforming growth factor, beta 1; VIM: vimentin