Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE LATERAL STRENGTH OF RAILWAY TRACK

Various deformations taking place in the track due to the lateral force of rolling-stock are theoretically and experimentally analyzed; the critical value of lateral force to destroy the track is proposed; and the results of application of research data are summarized. It is found that the rails in the track may be regarded as supported on three kinds of springs, and these springs are related to the rail pressure under wheel weight. The three springs include first, a spring due to transverse deformation in the wood sleeper near the rail base, or a transverse spring of elastic rail fastening; second, a spring due to the lateral displacement of sleepers in the ballast; and third, a spring due to reaction of a wood sleeper to the inclination of rail by twisting, or a spring of elastic rail fastening to rail inclination. Thus, the track deformations under lateral forces might be regarded as the deflection and twisting of rails supported by these springs.
Looking Back, Looking Forward

L et me start by thanking the members of the selection committee and the Section for selecting me as the recipient of the 2013 Lifetime Contribution to Management Accounting award and the AICPA for supporting this award. Theresa Libby really surprised me when she notified me of this award. This is not something that I expected, and I am deeply honored. Until the Nobel committee starts giving a Prize in the area of Management Accounting, this is about the highest award we management accountants can aspire to. The list of prior winners of this award is illustrious. I am greatly honored to be joining them. Winning this award also imparts some scary feelings because it seems to signal that my career is nearly over. I am hoping that is not the case. I am not ready to retire.
Wind-tunnel investigation of an NACA 0009 airfoil with 0.25-and 0.50-airfoil-chord plain flaps tested independently and in combination

Note presenting wind-tunnel tests to determine the aerodynamic section characteristics of an NACA 0009 airfoil with plain flaps 25 and 50 percent of the airfoil chord. The flaps were tested independently and in combination. The results indicated that the larger flap would provide greater lift increments but would lose lift effectiveness at the higher deflections and at a lower angle of attack than would the smaller flap.
WIreless DEvelopment LABoratory(WIDELAB) Equipment Base

This paper documents some of the hard- and soft-ware used by the signal- processing group at KTH, in it’s experimental work on wireless systems. We call these items collectively WIreless DEvelopment LABoratory (WIDELAB), and this paper aims to document the most important pieces and some of the knowledge needed to understand, operate and develop them further. To access the hard and software described contact perz@s3.kth. se
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: A Novel Intervention Mechanism in Cardiovascular Disease

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the member of multipotency stem cells, which possess the capacity for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and have several characteristics, including multi-lineage differentiation potential and immune regulation, which make them a promising source for cell therapy in inflammation, immune diseases, and organ transplantation. In recent years, MSCs have been described as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases because they are potent modulators of immune system with the ability to modulating immune cell subsets, coordinating local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby enabling the formation of a stable inflammatory microenvironment in damaged cardiac tissues. In this review, the immunoregulatory characteristics and potential mechanisms of MSCs are sorted out, the effect of these MSCs on immune cells is emphasized, and finally the application of this mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is described to provide help for clinical application.
Management processes and functions

The IPM examination system provides a unique route into professional personnel practice. The "Management Studies" series forms the essential reading for all IPM students. Management Studies I provides practical introductory texts ideally suited to students on the Professional Management Foundation Programme while Management Studies 2 covers the core subject areas of the IPM Stage 2 syllabus. All these texts will prove equally useful for practising managers who wish to enhance their understanding of contemporary management techniques and methods. The basic pillars of management - planning, organising, motivating and controlling - provide the framework to bring order out of chaos. In this book, Michael Armstrong shows how successful managers manage their own time and work, and use the key interpersonal skills of communicating, delegating, counselling and leadership to get the best from others. He provides students with invaluable insights into the structure of typical organisations and shows how the different functions interact to serve corporate strategies and goals.
Analysis of Centralized and Decentralized Communication and Decision Making for Cooperating Autonomous UAVs

This thesis describes the work performed at Saab Aeronautics in Linkoping during 2011. The work was to study and develop distributed and centralized methods for analysis of the decision making in a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In addition to this, some simple scenarios were studied and the work was implemented in C++ as the simulator ComDec. The literature review presented in the report provides knowledge of strategies for collaborative UAVs (communication and decision making), understanding of the problems/constraints that are relevant for data links and insight into the algorithms for decision making and autonomy. This work has resulted in a theoretical analysis of suitable design for decision making in a group of interacting autonomous UAVs. Existing methods for distributed and centralized decision making are implemented and a demonstration ofthe outcome are presented in the thesis. It is further shown how various communication problems and disturbances affect the decision making process. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the selected strategies (communication and decision making) are discussed.
Primary School Pupils’ Attitude toward Mathematics and Their Achievement in Mathematics

International data from TIMSS 2015 show a signiﬁ cant negative correlation between the country mean attitude toward mathematics and the mean achievement in mathematics of fourth grade pupils. Th e aim of the paper is to decide whether it is a statistical artifact or an indication of a real factor operating at the country level. Th e multilevel regression analysis of the data attests the latter. Th e factor is hypothetically identiﬁ ed with country typical pressure for knowledge acquisition. Strong pressure is conducive to high achievement but it puts pupils under stress, which lowers the attitude. Th e reverse holds for weak pressure. Within country, the variability of pressure for knowledge acquisition is restricted, hence pupils may maintain psychological coherence between achievement and attitude.
Evaluating of the Axivity accelerometers algorithm in measurement of physical activity intensity in boys and girls

Background: Accelerometers are new but popular tools in measurement of physical activity level but most of them use the algorithms which are more suitable for adults rather than adolescents. Also accelerometers accuracy in assessing physical activity intensity in boys and girls is widely unknown. Therefore, purpose the current study was to evaluate the validity of the Axivity accelerometers in relation to establish algorithm in the measurement of physical activity intensity in boys and girls. Methods: A total of 143 participants recruited from a local school in Oxfordshire and 119 of them (84 boys and 35 girls, age (12.71 ± 0.46)) completed the shuttle run test while wearing an AX3 accelerometer. Signal Vector Magnitude (gravity-subtracted) (SVMgs) and Metabolic equivalent (MET) values were calculated for both of boys and girls. Results: The study result showed that girls had significantly higher SVMgs value (P< 0.05) while according to the standard equations, girls have lower VO2max and MET in each shuttle run lap. Conclusion: This study result suggest that different algorithms might be necessary to measure physical activity in different genders.
Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in natural kaolinite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity

Abstract We investigated the structural, vibrational, and electrical transport properties of natural kaolinite and its high-pressure polymorphs by Raman scattering and electrical conductivity measurements at 293–673 K and up to 10.0 GPa using diamond-anvil cell. Upon compression, kaolinite underwent two structural transitions from kaolinite I to kaolinite II to kaolinite III phases at pressures of 2.9 and 6.5 GPa, respectively, which was disclosed by the inflection point in the pressure-dependent Raman shifts and electrical conductivity. Upon decompression, kaolinite III directly transformed to kaolinite I at 0.8 GPa without the appearance of kaolinite II. Additionally, the influence of temperature on the structural transformation of natural kaolinite was explored by high-temperature and high-pressure electrical conductivity measurements and negative temperature-dependent transition pressure correlations were obtained. A phase diagram of natural kaolinite was established for the first time and the kaolinite I-kaolinite II and kaolinite II-kaolinite III phase transition boundaries were determined: P (GPa) = 4.298–0.00462 T (K) and P (GPa) = 8.895–0.00799 T (K), respectively. Furthermore, our acquired phase diagram can be applied to understand the stability field of high-pressure polymorphs of kaolinite in the Earth’s interior and may provide a phase transition model for other kaolin-group minerals.
DIMENSIONING OF TUNNEL LININGS

The tunnel lining represents a type of foreign body in the rock. As a result of the interactions which take place the problem of dimensioning the tunnel lining is a statically indeterminate one. The determination of the deformability and rigidity characteristics of the tunnel lining represents a static problem into which we will not go further here. This paper is intended to clarify the static conditions with regard to constructional process and to make a contribution to the solution of the problem of the designing and dimensioning of the lining. As will be seen, this involves an approximation method which nevertheless should suffice for the practical solution of most problems.
Traffic Monitoring Using Video-Based Vehicle Tracking

Traffic management measures aim for improvement of passive and active safety and reduction of congestion and emissions. Therefore knowledge on road vehicle behavior and traffic flows is required. In this paper we present a system that monitors road traffic using cameras alongside the road. The system is able to classify and track vehicles over 100 meters using a single camera with high accuracy on different types of roads in different types of weather. By combining multiple cameras individual vehicles are tracked over more than one kilometer. From the trajectories information about individual vehicles, vehicle interactions and traffic flow is extracted. This data can then be used for traffic management research questions. The ambition for the future is to optimize the system for real-time usage in cooperative driving application, incident detection, real-time traffic information, active safety applications and infra-to-vehicle communication.
DEVELOPMENT: DEEP GROOVING--A METHOD FOR IMPREGNATING CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS (ABRIDGMENT)

Polymer impregnation of concrete can be used for the long-term protection of salt-contaminated concrete bridge decks. However, the current impregnation process requires long impregnation times and the development of new equipment. In addition, most monomers are a potential fire hazard. A laboratory investigation was performed to develop a simplified system that will reduce the impregnation time, simplify the equipment needs, and mitigate the potential fire hazards by deep grooving the concrete. The monomer used was an MMA-TMPTMA-AZO system. The laboratory results indicate that the impregnation time can be significantly reduced by optimizing the groove width, depth, and spacing. Optimum drying (by using infrared heaters) and polymerization conditions for the grooving conditions are also presented. The results of the laboratory study demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the need for a full-scale field trial to demonstrate its applicability to field conditions.
Early Project Appraisal: Making the Initial Choices

PART I: FRONT END MANAGEMENT OF PROJECTS Attributes of a Project Successful Projects Three Perspectives on a Project Three Main Phases in a Project Uncertainty, Risk and Opportunities Possibilities of Foreseeing Strategic Guidance and Tactical Flexibility The Problem of Cost The Problem of Utility What is a Concept? Project Alignment: Needs, Objectives and Effects Objectives and their Formulation Methods and Analyses in the Front End Phase Quality of Information Front-end Assessment and the Decision to Finance a Project Three Steps in Front End Assessment: Definition, Development and Appraisal of Concept PART II: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Systems Analysis SWOT Analysis Strategy Analysis - Logical Framework Rough Analysis of Uncertainty Strategic Frames for Implementation Top-down Probability-based Cost Estimation Assessing Profitability Expressions of Costs and Benefits Probability-based Progress Analysis Evaluating Projects Boondoggles and White Elephants
Letter of Authorization

I, ____________________________________ authorize ______________________________ Print Property Owner / HOA Rep: Person obtaining permit to obtain a building permit from HC Code Enforcement for __________________________ type of work on behalf of myself or agency for property located at: _____________________________________________________________________________. _____________________________________________ will be responsible for the work listed. (Print – Property Owner or Licensed Contractor Name)
Coastal Community Perspective, Waste Density, and Spatial Area toward Sustainable Waste Management (Case Study: Ambon Bay, Indonesia)

The coastal area has experienced significant changes of waste problems over the past few years. To resolve the waste problems in coastal areas, an understanding of community perception is needed to support government efforts. Therefore, this study aims to review people’s perspectives on the dynamics of waste in the coastal areas. Community perception data were compiled through semi-structured interviews with the surrounding communities in coastal areas. ArcGIS and load count analysis were used to analyze the waste density. Waste was collected from the coastal area in Ambon Bay and analyzed using waste density calculation and spatial analysis. The results show that the total waste density obtained at the coastal area of Ambon Bay is 0.249 kg/m2, of which 0.078 kg/m2 is the density of plastic waste, and 0.171 kg/m2 is the density of non-plastic waste. Communities in coastal areas have made efforts to deal with waste problems, but the efforts made are still ineffective in overcoming these problems. That problem happens because there is a lack of knowledge of the community and lack of infrastructure in coastal areas. The research results have the potential for replication in other coastal areas and are used as the basis of decision making for waste management improvement.
Secure & Energy Efficient Routing for Hierarchical WSNs Mr

Volume 1, Issue 3 September-October 2012 Page 51 Abstract: In this paper security is implemented in WSNs protocol LEACH-C. In WSNs though, energy efficiency is an important performance metric, directly influencing the network lifetime. The other important factor for WSNs is security, as sensor nodes communicate sensitive data, so it is necessary to ensure that any intruder or other neighboring network could not get confidential information intercepting the transmissions.
To embed or not to embed – that is the question

Hill & Mullen discussed a ‘distributed’ Learning Development model that operates within Huddersfield. Here the Academic Skills tutors (AST) are not centrally funded & provided but are attached to and funded by specific Departments. The proposition is that when an AST ‘belongs’ to a Department not only is there a more intimate awareness of the forms & practices of that discipline and the preferred modes of accessing Learning Development (LD) by those students, but also LD itself is ‘owned’ more positively by the whole Dept. Synergy in Learning Development across the university is provided amongst ASTs in their Support Group. The AST aim is engagement, motivation and to raise a perception of value in staff and students alike and to create ‘ a whole institution approach to student writing’ [to] result in ‘an open, informed and vibrant culture of writing across the university’ Lisa Ganobcsik Williams via one-to-one tutorials; one off workshops; team teaching; peer tutoring; writing programmes and computerised support.
EVALUATION OF ADVANCE COORDINATION FEATURES IN TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLLERS

This report describes the research conducted to have a better understanding of the coordination features in the Eagle and Naztec traffic signal controllers. The features evaluated included force-off modes, transition modes, and coordination modes. The project illustrated many similarities in the functionality of these features in both the Eagle and Naztec controllers. The project found that using fixed force-off has the potential to significantly reduce delay to the cross street phase which is the last phase in the phasing sequence. The project evaluated the correction modes and recommended the Shortway mode of correction. Other modes can be used based on local preferences. The investigation of coordination modes revealed that no single coordination mode can be stated as the recommended mode. The research team found that it is better to determine the desired mode of operation and select the appropriate coordination mode. This approach can then be consistent methodology to select the coordination mode in both the Eagle and Naztec controllers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCE

The ADVANCE (Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept) Project is an ATIS demonstration project located in northeastern Illinois. The initial project focus was to provide real-time information to vehicles for use in route guidance. Over a seven month period, 75 vehicles were used in a 300 square mile area testing a dynamic route guidance system. The vehicles utilized differential GPS navigation as well as dead reckoning and map matching to navigate their way through the study area. The vehicles themselves acted as probes, sending real-time travel information to a Traffic Information Center that in turn transmitted the information to other vehicles to aid in dynamic route planning. This paper focuses on the current status of the system. Integration was completed on the four subsystems and system evaluation commenced in June 1995. Extensive testing was performed on the dynamic capabilities of the subsystems with the result some algorithms have required retuning. Public drivers participated in general data collection, yoked driver tests and familiar driver tests through the end of 1995. The in-vehicle portion of ADVANCE has now been completed and the transformation is well underway of the Traffic Information Center to a regional center distributing travel time information for the Gary-Chicago-Milwaukee Corridor.
Wireless Multi-Antenna Channels: Modeling and Simulation

This book offers a practical guide on how to use and apply channel models for system evaluationIn this book, the authors focus on modeling and simulation of multiple antennas channels, including multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication channels, and the impact of such models on channel estimation and system performance. Both narrowband and wideband models are addressed. Furthermore, the book covers topics related to modeling of MIMO channel, their numerical simulation, estimation and prediction, as well as applications to receive diversity, capacity and space-time coding techniques.Key Features:Contains significant background material, as well as novel research coverage, which make the book suitable for both graduate students and researchersAddresses issues such as key-hole, correlated and non i.i. d. channels in the frame of the Generalized Gaussian approachProvides a unique treatment of generalized Gaussian channels and orthogonal channel representationReviews different interpretations of scattering environment, including geometrical modelsFocuses on the analytical techniques which give a good insight into the design of systems on higher levelsDescribes a number of numerical simulators demonstrating the practical use of this material.Includes an accompanying website containing additional materials and practical examples for self-studyThis book will be of interest to researchers, engineers, lecturers, and graduate students.
Reducing Energy Consumption through Adaptive Shutdown Scheduling on a Chip-Multiprocessor

There is seemingly a never-ending consumer demand for mobileterminals such as cellular phones and personal digitalassistants (PDAs). Each new generation of terminals comes withmore elaborate functions than in the previous generation. Thistrend results in a higher performance demand on the computerarchitecture that performs the required computations within theterminal. To satisfy the projected requirements on cominggenerations of mobile terminals, we propose an architecturethat when intelligently managed can provide the necessaryperformance at low power and energy consumption. Thisarchitecture, a chip-multiprocessor (CMP), thus amulti-processor implemented on a single chip, has incombination with adaptive scheduling strategies the potentialto efficiently fullfill future requirements. This licentiate thesis spans over several studies done onthe effectiveness of the adaptive CMP. In our studies, we haveshown that an adaptive CMP can satisfy the same performancerequirements as a comparable uni-processor, still consumingless power and energy. Furthermore, we have made an effort toaccurately model the workload behaviour of mobile terminals,which is of paramount importance when comparing candidatearchitectures. In the future, apart from proposing moreadaptive scheduling techniques, we expect to do more thoroughstudies on workload modeling as well as on the operating systeminfluence on the overall performance and power consumption.
The Cost of Misaligned Tax Incentives: Evidence from Tax-Motivated Special Dividends

Prior research finds that firms pay special dividends before dividend tax increases. We examine the real effects of this decision, finding that firms incur costs to pay these tax-motivated special dividends. Specifically, firms reduce investment and repurchases to pay tax-motivated special dividends. Further, the source of funding varies with the tax-incentives of shareholders. When the dividend is likely influenced by (tax-insensitive) institutional investors for the benefit of shareholders other than insiders, firms reduce repurchases and capital expenditures. Conversely, misaligned tax incentives between insiders and outside shareholders are associated with a reduction in R&D, consistent with managerial myopia which erodes shareholder value. Tests using total factor productivity support these conclusions. These findings add to our understanding of tax-based agency issues influencing real corporate decisions. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3541067