Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of miconazole nitrate transfersomal gel

Miconazole nitrate (MIC) is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of superficial fungal infections. However, it has low skin permeability. Hence, the basic idea behind the development of such a system, transfersomes is to maintain a sustain release of drug from the dosage form and for target delivery. Miconazole nitrate was formulated as transfersomes, half-life can be increased and the desired effect can be obtained. MIC transfersomes were prepared using a thin lipid film hydration technique. The prepared transfersomes were evaluated with respect to entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, and quantity of in vitro drug released to obtain an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation of MIC transfersomes was incorporated into a Carbapol 934 gel base which was for drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity, in vitro permeation, and in vitro activity. The prepared MIC transfersomes had a high EE% ranging from 65.45% to 80.11%, with small particle sizes ranging from 368 nm to 931 nm. The in vitro release study suggested that there was an inverse relationship between EE% and in vitro release. In 24 hrs the drug release was observed ranging from 79.08% to 88.72%. The kinetic analysis of all release profiles was found to follow Higuchi’s diffusion model. All independent variables had a significant effect on the dependent variables (p-values < 0.05). Therefore, Miconazole nitrate in the form of transfersomes has the ability to penetrate the skin, overcoming the stratum corneum barrier. When the data subjected to zero order and first order kinetics model, a linear relationship was observed with high R2 values for zero order model as compared to first order model and suggested that the formulations followed zero order sustained release.
The Effectiveness of Different Methodologies in Gathering Information for Developing BIM Models to Support the Operation and Maintenance of Existing Buildings

Systematic, preventive and corrective maintenance is essential for existing buildings in order to retain their original functionality and appearance and satisfy the needs of the users. Essential input for maintenance is information about buildings. This paper discusses the assessment of the advantages and limitations of using photogrammetry and a low-cost 3D scanner to collect information from existing buildings and create, through integrative software, BIM models as information systems to support the operation and maintenance functions. Also, these methodologies were compared with one another as well as with a manual information survey conducted at a university campus. The main conclusion is that a combination of methods must be used to obtain geometrical information on existing buildings for their operation and maintenance functions, depending on which ones are the most suitable for the case at hand.
Short-term variations of the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria in the open Mediterranean Sea

A general study of biogeochemical processes (DYNAPROC cruise, May 1995) was conducted at a station in the open northwestern Mediterranean Sea where horizontal advection was weak. During this experiment, short-term variations of the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria were investigated and a possible link with diel vertical migration was considered. Consistently, the experimental work was conducted at a time scale of a few hours. Cyanobacteria were the most abundant population in the pico- and nanoplankton size-class. Their vertical distribution was monitored over 36 h with a frequency of 4 h. With such a time resolution, they experienced a single grazing event during daytime and, at night, they were heavily grazed when the upper layers were occupied by organisms migrating from the aphotic zone. The corresponding integrated (0-90 m) losses of cyanobacteria during the night amounted to 534 mg C m -2 . Though daytime grazing is most likely due to nanoflagellates and microzooplankton, night-time grazing could significantly involve migrant macrozooplankton organisms and sustain a periodic export of organic matter. This study stresses the importance of the potential export of organic matter as a consequence of the diel vertical migration, export that could not be accounted for by measurements at longer time scale.
Examining the relationship between the demand-control model and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in a representative sample of the employed women and men in Ontario, Canada, over a 15-year period

To examine the relationship between job strain and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in a representative population of men and women in Ontario, Canada, over a 15-year period. A total of 14,508 respondents having provided responses to either the 2000/2001, 2002, or 2003 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were aged 35 and older at the time and working. After removing respondents with pre-existing heart disease and missing data, our sample totaled 13,291 respondents. Responses were linked to administrative health care and hospitalization data to capture incident cases of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure up to March 31, 2017. Job control and psychological demands were assessed using 5 items and 2 items respectively. A series of time-to-event regression models were run, adjusting sequentially for socio-demographic variables and health, other psychosocial work exposures, and health behaviours and body mass index. Over the study period, there were 199,583 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up: 15 years, 233 days). Higher incidence rates were observed for men (6.69 per 100 persons) than for women (2.77 per 100 persons). No clear relationship was observed for demand-control exposures and incidence of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure in either men or women. After adjustment for socio-demographic factors, pre-existing health conditions, and other psychosocial exposures, the hazard ratio for high strain exposure (compared with low strain exposure) was 0.92 (0.46–1.84) for women and 0.75 (0.44–1.27) for men. In this large prospective cohort in Canada, we observed no relationship between components of the demand-control model and incident myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure over a 15-year period.
Bionomics and cecidogenesis of Contarinia petioli (Kieffer) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)

URBAN, J.: Bionomics and cecidogenesis of Contarinia petioli (Kieff er) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. , 2010, LVIII, No. 2, pp. 259–280 Recently, the abundant occurrence of galls of Contarinia petioli (Kieff er) was noted on Populus tremula in the Brno region and elsewhere in southern Moravia. The bionomics and cecidogenesis of the gall midge was studied on 5 to 15-year-old aspens in Forest District Bilovice nad Svitavou, Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest in Křtiny in 2007 and 2008. Imagoes fl y there at the end of April and at the beginning of May. Females lay eggs in several partial clutches at 1 to 6(10) pieces. About 91% newly hatched larvae settle on petioles of unfolding leaves, about 8% on the bark of terminal parts of shoots and about 1% on leaf blades. By means of sucking the larvae of the 1 st and 2 nd instars galls are crea ted in the 1 st half of May. Larvae of the 3 rd instar occur in galls from the 20 th May when galls are grown-up. Larvae abandon the galls in the 1 st decade of June through an oval hole 0.6 × 0.4 mm in diameter. Galls are on average 6 mm long, 5.4 mm wide and 5.1 mm high. If they are localized within a short distance ?
Energy and Nutrient Digestibility in Four Sources of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Produced from Corn Grown within a Narrow Geographical Area and Fed to Growing Pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine energy and nutrient digestibility in four sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from corn and fed to growing pigs. The objective was to test the hypothesis that energy and nutrient digestibility in DDGS does not vary if samples are procured from ethanol plants that use similar production technologies and use corn that is grown within a narrow geographical area. The four sources of DDGS that were used were procured from ethanol plants that were less than 10 yr old and located within 250 km of each other. In Exp. 1, five growing barrows (initial BW = 71.4 kg) that were fitted with a T-canula in the distal ileum were allotted to a 5x5 Latin square design and used to measure apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of AA in the four sources of DDGS. Results of this experiment showed that the SID of CP and all AA except Cys and Pro were greater (p<0.05) in two of the DDGS sources than in the other two sources. Exp. 2 was conducted to measure the concentration of DE and ME and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, N, P, ether extract, NDF, and ADF in corn and in the same four sources of DDGS as used in Exp. 1. Five pigs (initial BW = 29.7 kg) that were placed in metabolism cages and allotted to a 5x5 Latin square design were used. Results of Exp. 2 showed that the average DE and ME in DDGS were 4,072 and 3,750 kcal/kg DM, respectively, which was less (p<0.01) than the DE and ME in corn (4,181 and 4,103 kcal/kg DM, respectively). The average ATTD for P in DDGS was 56.1%, which was greater (p<0.01) than the ATTD for P in corn (31.9%). The ATTD for ADF in DDGS was also greater (p<0.05) than in corn, but the ATTD for ether extract and NDF were greater (p<0.05) in corn than in DDGS. It is concluded that energy and nutrient digestibility vary among sources of DDGS even when the DDGS is procured from ethanol plants that use corn grown within a narrow geographical region. Thus, factors other than corn growing region are responsible for the variability of energy and nutrient digestibility in DDGS.
A New Method of Sequential Information Analysis in Consonant Confusions

: A new method of information analysis which considers all entries in the confision matrix is proposed for identifying important tiiculatory features for consonant perception. For a system of N features, the important features are selected sequentially in a series of iterations. In the first iteration,tie featurewhosetransmittedinformation is maximumis selected. In the second iteration, the first feature is combined with each of the remaining N-1 features to form N-1 sets of two joint features. The second feature is selected by choosing the set of joint features which has the maximum transmitted information. The transmitted information for a set is determined by summing its unconditioned transmitted information and a correction factor to account for redundancy. The third and subsequent important features are selected in the same manner. The selection process terminates when the transmitted information for the selected set ofjoint features in the last iteration is equal to the maximum possible transmitted information for the confision matrix. The proposed method of analysis was tested with several confision matrices published in past research papers, and the results showed that it was able to select a common set of important features consistently across the published confusion matrices.
Nursing Guidelines on Cardiac Surgery and Parents’ Anxiety: Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective The preparation of parents of children who should undergo cardiac surgery requires special treatment such as the explanations about the event. This study aims to compare the effects of standardized nursing guidelines with routine institutional orientation on the anxiety of parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Randomized clinical trial. The sample consisted of parents of children who underwent cardiac surgery from December 2010 to April 2011. Twenty-two parents were randomized to the intervention group (IG) and received the standard nursing guidelines and 22 participated in the control group (CG) and received the routine guidelines from the institution. Anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) applied in the preoperative period, between 12 and 20 hours before surgery and before receiving standard or institutional guidelines and 48 hours after surgery. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was performed to evaluate the differences between the variations in STAI scores between the groups during the studied period. The level of significance was 0.05. Results There were no significant differences in baseline anxiety scores between groups with regard to trait anxiety as well as state anxiety: STAI-trait (CG 42.6±4.9 vs. IG 41.4±6.0, P=0.48); STAI-state (CG 42.3±5.7 vs. IG 45.6±8.3, P=0.18). Likewise, the variation in score after 48 hours was similar between groups (STAI-trait P=0.77; STAI-state P=0.61). Conclusion There were no significant differences in the parents’ anxiety levels when comparing the two types of guidelines: the standard nursing and the institutional orientation.
Correlation between the soil seed bank and weed populations in maize fields

Annual weed populations establish every year from persistent seed banks in the soil. This 3 year study investigated the relationship between the number of weed seeds in the soil seed bank and the resultant populations of major broadleaf and grass weeds in 30 maize fields. After planting the crop, 1 m2 areas were protected from the pre-emergence herbicide application. Soil samples were collected soon after spraying to a depth of 100 mm and the weed seeds therein were enumerated. The emerged weed seedlings in the field sampling areas were counted over the following 8 weeks. Up to 67 broadleaf species and five grass weeds were identified, although not all were found at every site and some were specific to a region or soil type. For the most abundant weeds in the field plots, on average 2.1–8.2% of the seeds of the broadleaf species and 6.2–11.9% of the seeds of the grass weeds in the soil seed bank emerged in any one year, depending on the species. Overall, the results showed a strong linear relationship between the seed numbers in the soil and the seedling numbers in the field for all the grasses and for most broadleaf weeds. For some species, like Trifolium repens, only a weak relationship was observed. In the case of Chenopodium album, which had the largest seed bank, there was evidence of asymptotic behavior, with seedling emergence leveling off at high seed numbers. An estimate of the soil seed bank combined with knowledge of the germination and behavior of specific weed species would thus have good potential for predicting future weed infestations in maize fields.
Importance of early selective thinning in the development of long‐term stand stability and improved log quality: a review

Summary There is increasing evidence that a decline in the practice of selective thinning in Britain may in part explain an observed reduction in log quality in recent years. The decline in use of selective thinning has been primarily influenced by the low value of early thinnings together with increasing pressure to make a financial surplus on harvesting operations. Since systematic or delayed thinning, used to improve the short-term economics, may result in stand instability, the no-thinning option has been widely adopted in stands at risk of damage by wind and snow or where a financial surplus on early selective thinnings is not possible. This review sets out to demonstrate that non-commercial, early selective thinnings can be seen as a long-term investment in future log quality and value without compromising stand stability. Low thinnings do not greatly destabilize stands even on exposed sites if carried out on time and will improve stability in the long term. While early low thinnings are unlikely to make a financial surplus on the operation, they significantly enhance the production of quality ‘green’ logs in comparison with a no-thinning regime. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that the wood-using industry is willing to pay a premium for this quality. The combination of these factors suggest that non-commercial, early low thinnings can be seen as a long-term investment using discounted cash flow methods. The implications of other silvicultural strategies, such as wide initial spacing, respacing, chemical thinning and self-thinning mixtures, on stand stability and wood quality are also discussed.
Status and Conservation of Interior Redband Trout in the Western United States

AbstractIn this article we describe the current status and conservation of interior (potamodromous) Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sspp. throughout its range in the western United States using extant data and expert opinion provided by fish managers. Redband Trout historically occupied 60,295 km of stream habitat and 152 natural lakes. Currently, Redband Trout occupy 25,417 km of stream habitat (42% of their historical range) and 124 lakes or reservoirs. Nonhybridized populations are assumed to occupy 11,695 km (46%) of currently occupied streams; however, fish from only 4,473 km (18%) have been genetically tested. Approximately 47% of the streams occupied by Redband Trout occur on private land, 45% on government lands, and 8% in protected areas. A total of 210 Redband Trout populations, occupying 15,252 km of stream habitat (60% of the current distribution) and 95,158 ha of lake habitat (52%), are being managed as “conservation populations. ” Most conservation populations have been designated as weakly.
Defense Proteins from Sugarcane Studied by Conventional Biochemical Techniques, Genomics and Proteomics: An Overview

Sugarcane is a C4 plant from the NADP-ME family, which performs a double photosynthetic carboxylation. It is a plant specialized in accumulating and storing large amounts of sucrose in the parenchymatous cells of its stalks. Perhaps because of these characteristics, this species shows to be extremely sensitive to a large number of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, phytoplasmas, fungi, insects and nematodes, as well as to various abiotic stresses. A large number of varieties and cultivars resistant to many of these diseases have been achieved through conventional plant breeding techniques and also through biotechnological applications. In addition to this, the ability of the plant itself to produce pathogen resistance factors has been a field of research that has provided excellent weapons to combat crop-destroying pests This review describes those proteins that are synthesized by the plant as resistance factors against different diseases from the point of view of conventional biochemistry and also with the tools that modern genomics and proteomics provide. Special emphasis has been placed on the study of those proteins aimed at increasing the physical resistance of the plant that hinders the entry of the pathogen as well as those proteins related to the synthesis of bioactive phenols, polysaccharide hydrolysis enzymes, bacteriocins, oxygenases, oxidases and oxido-reductases.
Substitution and production responses when lactating dairy cows graze a white clover pasture supplemented with maize silage

Friesian cows (16) in late lactation grazed pure white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) swards for 32 days in autumn and were supplemented with maize (Zea mays) silage. Four groups of 4 cows were offered either 19 or 39 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day of white clover with either 0 or 4.4 kg DM/cow.day of maize silage. All cows were individually fed maize silage and grazed the pasture as individual groups according to treatment. When maize silage was fed, total intake increased, this occurring to a greater degree at the low pasture allowance. The level of substitution of silage for pasture was 0.14 and 0.40 kg DM reduction in pasture intake per kg DM of maize silage eaten at the low and high allowances, respectively. At the low pasture allowance, milk yields were 10.1 and 13.7 kg/cow. day when 0 and 4.4 kg DM/cow.day of maize silage were fed, respectively, and were 15.5 and 15.9 kg/cow.day at the high pasture allowance. Liveweight and body condition increased as plane of nutrition increased but there were no effects of feeding on milk fat or protein contents. Feeding maize silage had little effect on any rumen or faecal variable although there was generally less ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid when cows were supplemented with maize silage.
Sneak Pique: Exploring Autocompletion as a Data Discovery Scaffold for Supporting Visual Analysis

Natural language interaction has evolved as a useful modality to help users explore and interact with their data during visual analysis. Little work has been done to explore how autocompletion can help with data discovery while helping users formulate analytical questions. We developed a system called \system as a design probe to better understand the usefulness of autocompletion for visual analysis. We ran three Mechanical Turk studies to evaluate user preferences for various text- and visualization widget-based autocompletion design variants for helping with partial search queries. Our findings indicate that users found data previews to be useful in the suggestions. Widgets were preferred for previewing temporal, geospatial, and numerical data while text autocompletion was preferred for categorical and hierarchical data. We conducted an exploratory analysis of our system implementing this specific subset of preferred autocompletion variants. Our insights regarding the efficacy of these autocompletion suggestions can inform the future design of natural language interfaces supporting visual analysis.
Estimating small-area population density in Sri Lanka using surveys and Geo-spatial data

Country-level census data are typically collected once every 10 years. However, conflicts, migration, urbanization, and natural disasters can rapidly shift local population patterns. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a “bottom-up”-method to estimate local population density in the between-census years by combining household surveys with contemporaneous geo-spatial data, including village-area and satellite imagery-based indicators. We apply this technique to the case of Sri Lanka using Poisson regression models based on variables selected using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). The model is estimated in villages sampled in the 2012/13 Household Income and Expenditure Survey, and is employed to obtain out-of-sample density estimates in the non-surveyed villages. These estimates approximate the census density accurately and are more precise than other bottom-up studies using similar geo-spatial data. While most open-source population products redistribute census population “top-down” from higher to lower spatial units using areal interpolation and dasymetric mapping techniques, these products become less accurate as the census itself ages. Our method circumvents the problem of the aging census by relying instead on more up-to-date household surveys. The collective evidence suggests that our method is cost effective in tracking local population density with greater frequency in the between-census years.