Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of functional and rheological properties of the composite flour from oat, wheat and moringa tree leaves

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical, functional and rheological properties of the blended flour consisting of wheat, oat and moringa leaves to determine their potential for noodle production. The flour was mixed considering wheat as base flour (control) and taking equal proportions of moringa powder and oat flour at a ratio of 50–100 and 5–50%, respectively. The flour was analyzed for proximate composition (moisture, protein, fiber, fat and ash) functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity), pasting, farinogram and gluten content properties. The protein content was recorded as 11.02 ± 0.03 for wheat flour (C); 13.20 ± 0.02 for oat flour; and 28.75 ± 0.75 for moringa leaf powder. The final viscosity pasting property of the control flour was higher (1896 RVU) and decreased along with increased blending ratios (927RVU) in M5. The water absorption capacity of flour was increased (39.94 ± 0.07 in M1 to 41.5 ± 0.50 in M5) as the amount of blending ratio oat and moringa flour increased, while the oil absorption capacity decreased (39.85 ± 0.23 in M1, 35.50 ± 0.12 in M5). The analysis results indicated that the blended flours has shown the better potential to produce noodles of good nutritional value in compared to single wheat flour noodles. Graphical abstract
Medication Use among Immigrants from Syria Living in Western Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study sought to quantify medication use and change in use of prescription-only medications purchased in the past in Syria without medical prescription versus today in Norway in an adult population originating from Syria and living in western Norway. Data on adults born in Syria and living in Norway during December 2019–January 2020 were collected via a self-administrated questionnaire in Arabic. Participants were recruited at a community pharmacy and at a refugee center. We included 148 participants (mean age 36.4 years; 38.5% females and 60.8% males) of whom 62.6% had lived in Norway for 4–6 years. Most participants had low (45.9%) or medium (39.2%) health literacy. Painkillers and analgesics were the most widely used medications, in both Norway (69.6%) and Syria (78.4%). Use of antibiotics declined significantly in Norway (31.1%) relative to Syria (65.5%); 70.9% participants used prescription-only medications in both countries, while 6.1% and 13.5%, respectively, did so only in Norway or only in Syria. This study reports a relatively high rate of medication use, particularly painkillers and analgesics both in Syria and in Norway. Participants with low health literacy reported greater use of antibiotics than those with high level in Syria but not in Norway. Use of antibiotics decreased substantially in Norway relative to the past in Syria, reaching a comparable prevalence with that in the host community. Although uncommon, prescription-only medication use only in Norway was reported by some participants.
On the Identification of Time Varying Structures

The identifiability of reduced form econometric models with variable coefficients is investigated using the control theoretic concepts of uniform complete observability and uniform complete controllability. First, a variant of the state space representation of the traditional reduced form is introduced which transcribes the underlying non-stationary estimation problem into one particularly suited to a Kalman filtering solution. Using such a formulation, observability and controllability can be called upon to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for identification of the specific parameterization. The results so obtained are completely analogous to those already established in the econometric literature, namely, that the parameters of the reduced form are always identified subject to the absence of multicollinearity(referred to as "persistent excitation" in the control literature). How-ever, now the multicollinearity condition is seen to depend on the structure of the parameter variations as well as the statistical nature of the explanatory variables. The verification of identifiability thus reduces to a check for uniform complete observability which can always be affected in econometric applications. Some consistency results are also presented which derive from the above approach.
Atlantic multidecadal variability response to external forcing during the past two millenniums

Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is a cornerstone for decadal prediction and profoundly influences regional and global climate variability. Yet, its fundamental drivers remain a debating issue. Studies suggested external forcing may affect AMV during the Little Ice Age (1400-1860AD). However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive, and the AMV’s centennial-millennial variations over the past 2,000 years have not yet been explored. We first show that proxy-data reconstructions and paleo-data assimilations suggest a significant 60-yr AMV during 1250-1860 but not during 1-1249. We then conducted a suite of experiments with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to unravel the causes of the changing AMV property. The simulation results under all external forcing match the reconstructions reasonably well. We find that the significant 60-yr AMV during 1250-1860 arises predominantly from the volcano forcing variability. During 1-1249, the average volcanic eruption intensity is about a half of the 1250-1860 intensity, and a 20-40year internal variability dominates the AMV. The volcanic radiative forcing during 1250-1860 amplifies AMV and shifts the internal variability peak from 20-40 years to 60 years. The volcano forcing prolongs AMV periodicity by sustaining Arctic cooling, delaying subpolar sea ice melting, and atmospheric feedback to reduce surface evaporation. These slow response processes over the subpolar North Atlantic results in a persisting reduction of sea surface salinity, weakening the Atlantic overturning circulation and warm water transport from the subtropical North Atlantic. The results reveal the cause of the nonstationary AMV over the past two millenniums and shed light on the AMV’s response to external forcing.
Stellar Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics: Dynamos in planets

The basic structure of the interior of the Earth has been worked out by seismologists. The iron core is divided at ricb = 1220 km, the inner core boundary (ICB), into the solid, mainly iron, inner core below and the fluid outer core above. The exact composition of the outer core is not known, but the most plausible models suggest it is a mixture of liquid iron and various impurities, probably sulphur and oxygen (Alfe et al. 2000). The whole core is electrically conducting. Above the core-mantle boundary (CMB), at rcmb = 3485 km, lies the rocky mantle. The electrical conductivity of the mantle is very small, except possibly very close to the CMB itself, where iron may have leaked into the mantle. The basic structure of the other terrestrial planets, in which we include the larger satellites, is believed to be similar to that of the Earth, but the size of the iron core varies considerably, and the division between the fluid outer core and the solid inner core, if it exists, has to be computed from theoretical models. The moon’s core is probably only 5% of its mass, whereas Mercury’s core accounts for nearly 70% of its mass. Except in the case of the Earth, where seismological information is available, the size of a planet’s core is inferred from measurements of its density distribution, which in turn is derived from its gravitational field. This can be mapped accurately by space probes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

Lymphoid neoplasia derived from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT; also abbreviated as MALToma) is most commonly seen in the stomach. Radiotherapy (RT) is indicated in early-stage disease as a standard of care. With the advent of RT techniques, large field irradiation was replaced by involved site and involved field approaches. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided online adaptive RT (MRgRT) has the advantage of better soft tissue visualization, adaptive planning before each fraction, and online tumor tracking during treatment; hence, it could be a safe and effective choice for gastric MALToma patients. Herein, we investigated the interfractional changes in target and the impact of MRgRT on daily dosimetry in a gastric MALToma case. A patient diagnosed with MALToma who failed to respond to antibacterial treatment was referred to our clinic for RT. He was found to be suitable for MRgRT. We treated the patient with MRgRT in 20 fractions to a total dose of 30 Gy. Reoptimized adaptive plans were generated before each fraction since the coverages of the original plan were inadequate in each fraction. The patient showed good compliance and tolerated the treatment well. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a gastric MALToma treated with MRgRT. MRgRT is safe and feasible for this patient group with improved target coverage using small planning target volume margins. Without online adaptive planning, the target coverages would be inadequate and we would risk surrounding tissues to get higher doses.
Single nucleotide polymorphism in cytochrome B oxidase gene among indigenous cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu

The present study was carried out to validate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in mitochondrial gene- cytochrome b oxidase at 14,716 bp (C to T transition) position obtained from whole genome sequence data of indigenous cattle breeds at Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu. A total of 288 animals, viz. Alambadi (16), Bargur (99), Kangayam (54), Pulikulam (58) and Umblachery (61) were genotyped. The wild type allele C was observed to be fixed in all the breeds except Kangayam cattle. The gene frequency of C and T alleles and genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT were estimated in Kangayam breed of cattle and chi-square test revealed the population in Hardy- Weinberg disequilibrium at CYTB locus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the indigenous cattle breeds were present under the same genetic ancestry of Bos indicus reference genome, while the Bos taurus reference genome diverged separately. From this study, the possibilities of selective sweep or population expansion after a recent bottleneck among the indigenous cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu could be concluded.
Mathematical Modelling of Structure Formation of Discrete Materials

The mathematical modelling of different processes and events may be reduced, in most cases, to formulation of boundary-value problems for defined systems of differential equations. Series of statements and approximate methods for solving of such equations were developed by many authors. The most development have obtained variation methods, direct methods of mathematical physics and integral equation methods. These methods have specific capabilities and peculiarities, expanded class of observed problems, but were not completely eliminated most of principal contradictions. Nowadays, the most challenging method is finite element method (FEM). It has reached so high stage of development and popularity that can be no doubts of existence another approach competitive in capabilities and simplicity of realization (Segal et al., 1981; Wagoner & Chenot, 2001). The advantages of finite element method are free selection of nodal points, arbitrary shape of region and boundary conditions, simplicity of generalization for different models of bodies and problems of any dimensionality, natural accounting the non-uniformity of properties and other local effects, using of standard programs for a whole class of problems. A finite element method is well grounded, the equivalence of its different forms to differential and variation formulations and, also, to special cases of Ritz method, BubnovGalerkin method and least-squares method established (Zienkiewicz & Taylor, 2000). The first step of numerical solution is discretization of medium that allows reducing the problems with infinite number of degrees of freedom typical to continuous approach, to problems with finite number of unknown variables. Usually, discretization is including selection of certain number of nodal points with following implementation of two types of variables – nodal variables and special functions that are approximating the distributions of target parameters inside elements. In such case, the independent parameters are the nodal variables and distributions of target parameters that are determined by them (Zienkiewicz & Taylor, 2000). During finite element approximation the integration procedure is replaced by more simple algebraic operators expressed through nodal variables by summation on elements. Partial differential equations are replaced by system of algebraic equations written for sequence of nodes and special functions by functions for finite number of nodal variables. The subsequent calculation of target values and determination of parameters of state may be executed by standard methods of numerical analysis. The general requirements for selection of finite elements and approximating functions are determined by convergence criterions of FEM (Zienkiewicz & Taylor, 2000).
A numerical implementation study of the stresses and noise generated by the gear engagement in the gearbox

With the development of automotive technology and the increase in the performance of the moving parts in the car, the most important of which is the engine and gearbox. Where companies are working to increase the sound insulation of the movement of these parts outside and reduce the noise and stress generated because of movement, to study these noises and stresses, and to know the vibrations that give a high sound rate and wave pressure. Where it worked on a standard gearbox and simulated the movement of gears. To find out the stresses that are calculated because of this movement, the external stress caused by this movement of the gears, as well as the speed of the gears in the case of rotation, is also known. The results proved the contact areas of the main lip on the outer cover are greatly affected during the gearbox rotation process and also at high vibrations. The effect of vibrations and the Hertzian rate is significantly affected by it. At frequencies that reached 1500 Hz the value of stresses and deformation was relatively large. The acceleration and due to the different gear teeth, the acceleration value in this case was 3000 m/s2. The maximum value of shear stresses reached 9.5×104 Pa at the frequency between 1500 and 2000 Hz. The value of the vibration 1500 Hz is the highest value that achieved high noise as it was 112 dB, which is a 112 dB higher than the rest of the vibrations. The achievement of the condition of the presence of large noise when vibration 1500 Hz is reached is achieved by analyzing the noise produced by a car’s gearbox at that level. The amount of noise pressure and its wave through the outside air of the gearbox, where the amount of wave pressure of the noise reached a maximum value of 400 Pa and the lowest value ‑ 500 Pa.
Distribution and conservation status of threatened endemic amphibians within the Aspromonte mountain region, a hotspot of Mediterranean biodiversity

Amphibian biodiversity loss in recent years has exceeded that of all other groups of vertebrates. In this context, biodiversity hotspots represent priority targets for conservation in amphibian populations. However, little information is available on the distribution and conservation status of amphibian species within most biodiversity hotspots. Here, we characterized the distribution and conservation status of four threatened endemic amphibians ( Bombina pachypus , Salamandra salamandra gigliolii , Salamandrina terdigitata , and Rana italica ) in the Aspromonte Mountain region, a biodiversity hotspot in southern Italy where the conservation status of amphibians is almost unexplored. We conducted an intensive field survey of 507 potential breeding sites spanning over 2,326 km 2 . We found that all four species were widespread in the study area. We observed 337 species occurrences: 63 for S. s. gigliolii , 29 for S. terdigitata , 84 for B. pachypus , and 161 for R. italica . Species distribution analysis revealed that S. s. gigliolii and R. italica populations had an extended and homogenous distribution. Conversely, S. terdigitata showed a dispersed pattern, with long distances among breeding sites, and B. pachypus an aggregated pattern, associated with the availability of suitable artificial habitats. On the other hand, we reported a decrease in B. pachypus occurrence in its natural habitats, which reflects a negative trend of its populations. Overall, our results provide an encouraging framework for the conservation of amphibian populations in this area, but highlight the low coverage of threatened amphibian populations in protected areas, highlighting the need for a reassessment of conservation policies and spatial conservation planning for the Aspromonte region.
A Large N Type IIB Duality via a Spin(7) Geometric Transition as an F-theory Flop

The geometric features and toric descriptions of two different 8-dimensional $Spin(7)$ manifolds constructed via distinct resolutions of the cone over an $SU(3)/U(1)$ base, reveals that the geometry of the $Spin(7)$ conifold transition considered by Gukov et al. in \cite{gst}, is effected by a transition in its 6-dimensional submanifold which is isomorphic to a resolved or deformed Calabi-Yau 3-fold. This allows for a natural extension of the Gopakumar-Vafa large $N$ superstring duality of \cite{gv, v}; IIB superstring theory compactified on the $Spin(7)$ manifold with $N$ space-filling D5-branes wrapping an even-dimensional supersymmetric cycle, can be argued to undergo a large $N$ geometric transition at low energy to a $\it dual$ geometry with no branes but with certain units of 3-form fluxes through appropriate 3-cycles. For small $\it{or}$ large string coupling in a non-trivial axion field background, this large $N$ type IIB duality can be lifted to a purely geometric $\mathbb {RP}^5$ flop without D5-branes and 3-form fluxes via an F-theoretic description. The orientable, 10-dimensional, non-compact, Ricci-flat, $spin^c$ manifold undergoing the $\it{smooth}$ $\mathbb {RP}^5$ flop possesses an extended $SU(5) \odot {\mathbb Z_2}$ holonomy group, thus preserving 1/32 of the maximal supersymmetry, consistent with the resulting $\mathcal N =(1,0)$ supersymmetric pure SU(N) theory in 1+1 dimensions.
Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization: Fundamentals and Applications

Introduction 1. Convex Analysis 2. Fundamentals of Nonlinear Operations 3. Duality Theory 4. Mixed-Integer Linear Optimization 5. Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Optimization 6. Process Synthesis 7. Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis 8. Distillation-Based Separation Systems Synthesis 9. Synthesis of Reactor Networks and Reactor-Separator-Recycle Systems
What do I want to be? Predictors of communal occupational aspirations in early to middle childhood

Research investigating occupational aspirations in childhood is scarce. In addition, most research on occupational aspirations has focused on increasing the number of women in agentic jobs. In the present work, we investigate factors associated with communal occupational aspirations in two studies with young children (Study 1: 159 children [84 boys, 75 girls], Mage = 5.51 years, SD = 0.37; Study 2: 96 children [48 boys, 48 girls]; Mage = 9.44 years, SD = 1.91). We found gender differences in communal aspirations only among the older children. In both samples, as well as when combining the two samples, the stronger the communal occupational gender stereotypes children reported, the less boys (and the more girls) aspired toward communal occupations. In the combined sample, communal self-perceptions mediated the relationship between child gender and occupational aspirations. Finally, the perceived status of the occupations was positively associated with communal aspirations among older children.
PET/CT for Predicting Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

A portion of gastric cancer patients with negative lymph node metastasis at an early stage eventually die from tumor recurrence or advanced metastasis. Occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM] is a potential risk factor for the recurrence and metastasis in these patients, and it is highly important for clinical prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is used to assess lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer due to its advantages in anatomical and functional imaging and non-invasive nature. Among the major metabolic parameters of PET, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is commonly used for examining lymph node status. However, SUVmax is susceptible to interference by a variety of factors. In recent years, the exploration of new PET metabolic parameters, new PET imaging agents and radiomics, has become an active research topic. This paper aims to explore the feasibility and predict the effectiveness of using PET/CT to detect OLNM. The current landscape and future trends of primary metabolic parameters and new imaging agents of PET are reviewed. For gastric cancer patients, the possibility to detect OLNM non-invasively will help guide surgeons to choose the appropriate lymph node dissection area, thereby reducing unnecessary dissections and providing more reasonable, personalized and comprehensive treatments.
A Self-Fusion Network Based on Contrastive Learning for Group Emotion Recognition

Group emotion recognition (GER) from image has attracted much attention in recent years. Networks using attention mechanism for GER have shown great potential. However, the performance of the current attention-based GER networks suffers from the indistinctive features of individuals in the group, poor feature fusion weights, and the lack of semantic information of the objects in the image. We present a new framework that is composed of three networks, FacesNet, SceneNet, and ObjectsNet, to address these shortcomings. This new framework is designed to recognize group emotion by exploiting the information from the faces, scene, and objects in image. In FacesNet, we use contrastive learning to help the network extract distinctive emotion features and a new attention mechanism named self-fusion module to generate precise fusion weights for aggregation of individual facial features. We design SceneNet to capture the multiscale scene features to exploit the emotion cues from the scene. We construct a fully connected network named ObjectsNet to classify the semantic features of the objects. Finally, we linearly integrate the outputs of these three networks as the final output of this unique framework for GER. Experiment results on three datasets for GER show that our proposed framework achieved better performance in terms of recognition accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art methods.