Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in optical and chemical properties of tar ball aerosols by atmospheric photochemical aging

Abstract. Following wood pyrolysis, tar ball aerosols were laboratory generated from wood tar separated into polar and nonpolar phases. Chemical information of fresh tar balls was obtained from a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and single-particle laser desorption/resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (SP-LD-REMPI-MS). Their continuous refractive index (RI) between 365 and 425 nm was retrieved using a broadband cavity enhanced spectroscopy (BBCES). Dynamic changes in the optical and chemical properties for the nonpolar tar ball aerosols in NOx-dependent photochemical process were investigated in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). Distinct differences in the chemical composition of the fresh polar and nonpolar tar aerosols were identified. Nonpolar tar aerosols contain predominantly high-molecular weight unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while polar tar aerosols consist of a high number of oxidized aromatic substances (e.g., methoxy-phenols, benzenediol) with higher O : C ratios and carbon oxidation states. Fresh tar balls have light absorption characteristics similar to atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) aerosol with higher absorption efficiency towards the UV wavelengths. The average retrieved RI is 1.661+0.020i and 1.635+0.003i for the nonpolar and polar tar aerosols, respectively, with an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) between 5.7 and 7.8 in the detected wavelength range. The RI fits a volume mixing rule for internally mixed nonpolar/polar tar balls. The RI of the tar ball aerosols decreased with increasing wavelength under photochemical oxidation. Photolysis by UV light (254 nm), without strong oxidants in the system, slightly decreased the RI and increased the oxidation state of the tar balls. Oxidation under varying OH exposure levels and in the absence of NOx diminished the absorption (bleaching) and increased the O : C ratio of the tar balls. The photobleaching via OH radical initiated oxidation is mainly attributed to decomposition of chromophoric aromatics, nitrogen-containing organics, and high-molecular weight components in the aged particles. Photolysis of nitrous oxide (N2O) was used to simulate NOx-dependent photochemical aging of tar balls in the OFR. Under high-NOx conditions with similar OH exposure, photochemical aging led to the formation of organic nitrates, and increased both oxidation degree and light absorption for the aged tar ball aerosols. These observations suggest that secondary organic nitrate formation counteracts the bleaching by OH radical photooxidation to eventually regain some absorption of the aged tar ball aerosols. The atmospheric implication and climate effects from tar balls upon various oxidation processes are briefly discussed.
Investigation of Clostridium perfringens in small-scale commercial broiler flocks in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh

Abstract Background and Aim: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the most prevalent diseases in broiler poultry caused by Clostridium perfringens connected with significant economic losses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of C. perfringens through toxinotyping molecular assay and confirm the risk factors for NE, including antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) status of the isolates. Materials and Methods: We included 40 small-scale commercial broiler farms randomly selected from two subdistricts of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. As an individual sample, 240 cloacal swabs, and as a pooled sample, 40 drinking water, 40 workers’ hand washing, 40 litter swab, and 40 feed samples were collected and evaluated by culture, biochemical, and molecular assays. A pretested semi-structured interview questionnaire was employed to capture flock-level data on risk factors from the farm owners. The flock-level data on risk factors were assessed through univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall flock-level prevalence of C. perfringens was estimated to be 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5-13.6%). Litter swab (pooled) was found to be highly contaminated with C. perfringens (25.0%, 95% CI: 12.7-41.2%) followed by the cloacal swab (10.4%, 95% CI: 6.9-15.0%) and feed sample (5.0%, 95% CI: 0.6-16.9%). History of coccidia infection (Adjusted odds ratio =33.01, 95% CI: 2.14-507.59, p=0.01) was significantly associated with flock-level C. perfringens infection status. In this study, 78.1% isolates were found as multidrug-resistant as they demonstrated resistance to 3-5 antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Evidence-based control options need to be taken through the uses of prebiotics and probiotics, biosecurity, and hygienic measurement, including control of coccidia infection, is needed to lessen the NE infection and AMR related to this pathogen in small-scale commercial broiler poultry.
Optimizing Resource Allocation in Edge-distributed Stream Processing

: Emerging Web applications based on distributed IoT sensor systems and machine intelligence, such as in smart city scenarios, have posed many challenges to network and processing infrastructures. For example, environment monitoring cameras generate massive data streams to event-based applications that require fast processing for immediate actions. Finding a missing person in public spaces is an example of these applications, since his/her location is a piece of perishable information. Recently, the integration of edge computing with machine intelligence has been explored as a promising strategy to interpret such massive data near the sensor and reduce the end-to-end latency of processing events. However, due to the limited capacity and heterogeneity of edge resources, the placement of task processing is not trivial, especially when applications have different quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to solve the optimization problem of allocating a set of nodes with sufﬁcient processing capacity to execute a pipeline of tasks while minimizing the operational cost related to latency and energy and maximizing availability. We compare our algorithm with the resource allocation algorithms (ﬁrst-ﬁt, best-ﬁt, and worst-ﬁt), achieving a lower cost in scenarios with different nodes’ heterogeneity. We also demonstrate that distributing processing across multiple edge nodes reduces latency and energy consumption and still improves availability compared to processing only in the cloud.
QTL analysis for bacterial wilt resistance in Japanese pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

QTL analysis for bacterial wilt resistance in Japanese pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Masato Tsuro, Yasuhiro Minamiyama and Masashi Hirai 1) Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan 2) Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 74, Oji, Kitainayazuma, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0244, Japan 3) Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, 74, Oji, Kitainayazuma, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0244, Japan
Patents on Psychedelics: The Next Legal Battlefront of Drug Development

In the past two decades, pioneering research has rekindled interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelic substances such as psilocybin, ibogaine, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Indigenous communities have used them for centuries, and researchers studied them in the 1950s and ‘60s. However, most psychedelics were banned in the ‘70s, when President Nixon launched the U.S. war on drugs. Fifty years later, rising rates of mental illness, substance use, and suicide are prompting researchers to revisit psychedelics, and some have gained permission to study them in limited quantities. Clinical trials are producing promising results, creating enthusiasm for commercializing and patenting psychedelics.
A 71-to-86-GHz 16-Element by 16-Beam Multi-User Beamforming Integrated Receiver Sub-Array for Massive MIMO

This article presents a 71–86 GHz 16-element array receiver application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) for Massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) wireless uplink, featuring a multiple-output analog beamformer (BF) supporting up to 16 spatially multiplexed users at the same time. The ASIC includes 16 direct-conversion mixer-first RX front-ends, local oscillator (LO) generation and distribution, and a $16\times 16$ fully connected baseband analog beamformer, which derives each user stream as a linear combination of all the 16 antennas. The 16 mm2 28 nm CMOS ASIC is packaged on an organic interposer including a linear patch antenna array. Over-the-air measurements demonstrate up to 2 Gb/s single-user data-rate, and four simultaneous links at 500 Mb/s each, with number of users and data rate only limited by setup constraints. Circuits are optimized for low power consumption in order to enable scaling to massive arrays, and consumes 1.7 W total power, for a power figure of 7 mW/antenna/user.
Downside risk optimization with random targets and portfolio amplitude

In this paper, we discuss downside risk optimization in the context of portfolio selection. We derive explicit solutions to the optimal portfolios that minimize the downside risk with respect to constant targets and random targets. In doing so, we propose using portfolio amplitude, a new measure in the literature, to characterize the portfolio selection under the downside risk optimization. Particularly, we demonstrate a mechanism by which the random target inputs its impact into the system and alters the optimal solution. Our results underpin why investors prefer holding some specific assets in following random targets and provide explanations for some special investment strategies, such as constructing a stock portfolio following a bond index. We present numerical examples of stock portfolio management to support our theoretical results.
Design of an IOTA Tangle-Based Intelligent Food Safety Service Platform for Bubble Tea

Many food safety incidents have occurred in the world in the past 20 years, causing major threats and harm to human life and health. Each country or region has established different food safety management systems (FSMSs) in response, to increase food safety and to reduce food safety risks. Hence, it is important to develop an FSMS service platform with convenience, consistency, effectiveness, scalability, and lightweight computing. The aim of this study is to design and propose an IOTA Tangle-based intelligent food safety service platform for bubble tea—called IF4BT—which modularizes and integrates hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles to increase data transparency. The deep learning inference engine is based on long short-term memory and Siamese networks to check and extract significant rare data of high-risk factors, exception factors, and noises, depending on daily check and audit. IF4BT can ensure the correctness of the information of food manufacturers, so as to increase food safety and to reduce food safety issues such as allergen cross-contamination, food expiration, food defense, and food fraud.
Accurate 6D Object Pose Estimation and Refinement in Cluttered Scenes

: Estimating the 6D pose of objects is an essential part of a robot’s ability to perceive their environment. This paper proposes a method for detecting a known object and estimating its 6D pose from a single RGB image. Unlike most of the state-of-the-art methods that deploy PnP algorithms for estimating 6D pose, the method here can output the 6D pose in one step. In order to obtain estimation accuracy that is comparable to RGB-D based methods, an efﬁcient reﬁnement algorithm, called contour alignment (CA), is presented; this can increase the predicted 6D pose accuracy signiﬁcantly. We evaluate the new method in two widely used benchmarks, LINEMOD for single object pose estimation and Occlusion-LINEMOD for multiple objects pose estimation. The experiments show that the proposed method surpasses other state-of-the-art prediction approaches.
Malaysian household income distribution: A fractal point of view

Malaysian Household Income Survey data provided by the Malaysian Department of Statistics is used to provide evidence that the upper tails of the household income distribution follows a fractal based distribution known as power-law. Inequality measures are then applied to ascertain the levels of inequality based on this distribution. In addition to that, we analyzed the data in terms of different classes of occupation, obtained power-law exponents for each class and then highlighted the inequality between these classes.
Sistem Pintu Air Otomatis Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy

Abstract -- Currently the water gate arrangement is still done by the officer concerned. Manual door management system is still a lot of weaknesses, including the overflow of river water to the residential population that resulted in floods andnegative impacts on the surrounding population. Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation for the purpose of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools. Raspberry Pi ismanufactured through a manufacturing license relating to 14 / Premier Farnell element and RS Components. From the above problems, the authors have an idea to create a water gate system that can cope with the possibility if the gate is still manual, with the title "Automatic Water Door System Using Fuzzy Logic" the author hopes that this system can be useful and help the officers and also reduce the possibility of flood .
Effect of Two Cleansing Agents on Water Sorption and Solubility of Two Thermoplastic Denture Base Materials

Aim: Some patients experience adverse reactions to poly (methyl methacrylate)-based (PMMA) dentures. Polyamide (PA) as an alternative to PMMA has, however, not been well documented regarding water sorption and water solubility. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two different cleansing agents on water sorption and solubility of two different thermoplastic denture base materials. Materials and methods: A total of 60 samples were fabricated from two different thermoplastic denture base materials (i.e. vertex thermosens and breflex). The samples were divided into 3 groups. Each group was including 20 samples, 10 samples from each denture base material. Samples of Group I were subjected to the distilled water as a control group. While samples of Group II were subjected to the Corega as a cleansing agent and samples of Group III were subjected to Fitty dent as the other cleansing agent. Effect of the two cleansing agents on the two-different thermoplastic denture base materials were evaluated and compared with regards water sorption and solubility. Results: Non-significant results were found regarding water sorption and solubility. The fittydent cleansing agent had a slight more non-significant effect on color stability of vertex thermosens and breflex denture base materials than corega cleansing agent and water. The corega and fittydent cleansing agents had a nonsignificant effect on water sorption and solubility of vertex thermosens and breflex denture base materials. Conclusion: Corega and fittydent cleansing agents could be used safely for disinfecting denture base materials (vertex thermosens and breflex) as they had non-significant effect on color stability, water sorbtion and solubility.
CSMD1 Mutations Are Associated with Increased Mutational Burden, Favorable Prognosis, and Anti-Tumor Immunity in Gastric Cancer

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is considered a potential biomarker for predicting the response and effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To find specific gene mutations related to TMB and the prognosis of patients, the frequently mutated genes in gastric cancer patients from TCGA and ICGC were obtained and the correlation between gene mutation, TMB, and prognosis was analyzed. Furthermore, to clarify whether specific gene mutations can be used as predictive biomarkers of ICIs, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for immune pathways and an immune infiltration analysis were conducted. The results showed that CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) mutation (CSMD1-mut) were associated with higher TMB and better prognosis in patients. The genetic map showed that, compared with wild-type samples, the loss of chromosomes 4q, 5q, 8p, and 9p decreased and the status of microsatellite instability increased in the CSMD1-mut samples. The GSEA analysis showed that immune-related pathways were enriched in the CSMD1-mut samples. The immune infiltration analysis showed that the anti-tumor immune cells were upregulated and that the tumor-promoting immune cells were downregulated in the CSMD1-mut samples. The gene co-expression analysis showed that PD-L1 expression was higher in the CSMD1-mut samples. In summary, CSMD1-mut in gastric cancer was associated with increased TMB and favorable survival and may have potential significance in predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-L1.
MailTrout: A Machine Learning Browser Extension for Detecting Phishing Emails

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to an increase in cyberattacks and cybercrime, particularly with respect to phishing attempts. Cybercrime associated with phishing emails can significantly impact victims, who may be subjected to monetary loss and identity theft. Existing anti-phishing tools do not always catch all phishing emails, leaving the user to decide the legitimacy of an email. The ability of machine learning technology to identify reoccurring patterns yet cope with overall changes complements the nature of anti-phishing techniques, as phishing attacks may vary in wording but often follow similar patterns. This paper presents a browser extension called MailTrout, which incorporates machine learning within a usable security tool to assist users in detecting phishing emails. MailTrout demonstrated high levels of accuracy when detecting phishing emails and high levels of usability for end-users. © Boyle et al. Published by BCS Learning and Development Ltd.
Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer and Therapeutic Strategies

Simple Summary Early-stage and castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa) growth is solely mediated by androgen signaling pathways. AR signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have significantly improved clinical outcomes among men with PCa. In the metastatic castration-resistant PCa, there is presence of both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent cells driving the tumor growth. Despite the use of ARSIs, disease progression ultimately occurs in all patients with PCa and is due to genetic alterations in ARs, resulting in the outgrowth of androgen-independent cells. The possible mechanisms include development of AR splice variants of which AR-V7 is more common, AR point mutations, and AR overexpression. In addition, restoration of downstream signaling through alternate pathways can also lead to androgen-independent growth of PCa. Therapeutic strategies to overcome these resistance mechanisms and establish predictive biomarkers are still in clinical trials. This review article details the current evidence on clinically relevant driver mechanisms, relevant biomarkers, and treatment modalities to overcome resistance. Abstract Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer has led to development of therapeutic strategies targeting androgen receptor (AR). These androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) include androgen synthesis inhibitor-abiraterone and androgen receptor antagonists-enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide. Although these medications provide significant improvement in survival among men with prostate cancer, drug resistance develops in nearly all patients with time. This could be through androgen-dependent or androgen-independent mechanisms. Even weaker signals and non-canonical steroid ligands can activate AR in the presence of truncated AR-splice variants, AR overexpression, or activating mutations in AR. AR splice variant, AR-V7 is the most studied among these and is not targeted by available ARSIs. Non-androgen receptor dependent resistance mechanisms are mediated by activation of an alternative signaling pathway when AR is inhibited. DNA repair pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, BRAF-MAPK and Wnt signaling pathway and activation by glucocorticoid receptors can restore downstream signaling in prostate cancer by alternative proteins. Multiple clinical trials are underway exploring therapeutic strategies to overcome these resistance mechanisms.
State of art of different kinds of fluid flow interactions with piezo for energy harvesting considering experimental, simulations and mathematical modeling

In this work, the different kinds of fluid flow interactions with piezo smart materials have been discussed for energy harvesting. The present work has been classified into the following categories: (i) experimental investigations (ii) simulation and (iii) mathematical modelling. In section (i) different experimental set-ups such as harvesting of energy with the help of vortex flow, turbulent flow, cross flow, flow in an open channel and closed channel and flow through nozzles have been examined. In section (ii) simulations studies performed with different tools/software like ANSYS/fluent, COSMOL etc. have been detailed. Lastly, in section (iii) different mathematical equations such as Navier-Stokes equation of motion, Continuity equation, finite element method, numerical methods, transport equations, Bernoulli equation, equation of linear elasticity, fluid structural equations, piezoelectric equations and coupled-wave equations are described for generation of energy with fluid’s interaction. The present work has to fulfil two aims: (i) active engineers can choose the best appropriate methodology for their work in the same field (ii) researchers can know about how the area of energy harvesting has been grown in various decades, what are the practical application of this field with real life and the literature gaps of the field.
Transformative Leadership

The ideas behind the conceptual framework and eighteen capabilities of Núr University’s Transformative Leadership Program were developed in the 1990s as a Bahá’í-inspired approach to leadership that could be used in academic settings or in projects of social action involving the general public. Since then, this program has been used in approximately sixty projects or workshops in forty countries in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, generating a significant impact regardless of culture. Both the conceptual framework, which consists of six elements, and the capabilities are closely related to a method of transformative learning, which enhances the power of its focus.