Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which Type of Investments is Preferred to Achieve A Higher Economic Growth? A Case of the Upper-Middle-Income Economies

Type of Investments Achieve A Abstract Industrial revolution 4.0 requires the upper-middle-income economies to invest in critical areas such as technological advancement, infrastructure, internet of things, research and development, and so on. However, as majority of these economies are falling into the middle-income trap, they need huge supports from domestic and foreign investors to supply capital for growth stimulation. The issue on which type of investment should the governments rely on is crucial as it might help the countries to move out from the middle-income trap position. By using system GMM on four different growth models, it was found that gross saving is the main contributor to the economic growth of the upper-middle-income economies. Rather than domestic and foreign investments, the governments should accumulate more savings for future growth and development, which can be used as a source of capital especially in the areas of human capital development, technology, research, Internet of Things, in-line with the needs of industrial revolution 4.0.
Study on LDPC Coded SFH System with Multi-Tone Interference

Low-Density Parity-Check code, for its admiring performance which is close to the Shannon limit, has attracted large attention in anti-jamming systems. In this paper, we studied the LDPC coded slow frequency-hopping (SFH) system and analyzed its performance with Multi-tone Interference (MTI). Three modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK) are adopted in the system. Especially for 8PSK, we compared the performance of two different soft-decision demodulation schemes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Also, the influences of code rate, code length, modulation scheme and jamming mode are analyzed and examined, respectively. Finally, some valuable guidelines for designing LDPC coded SFH system are proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that a desirable performance can be achieved with the appropriately designed LDPC in SFH system.
Histological and Behavioral Alterations Following hADSCs Intravenous Administration in Alzheimer’s Rat Model

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive cognitive disorder that is generally age-related. Although there has been great research focusing on this disease, there is still a lack of reliable therapeutic methods. Amyloid- β (A β ) peptide has a critical function in neuropathology of AD. Stem cell therapy provides treatment by improving the neuronal system in neurodegenerative disorders. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are the most appropriate sources of stem cells due to their safety, high pro-liferative potential, and easy isolation. Objectives: Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoevaluatethehistologicalandbehavioralalterationsafterintravenousadministration of hADSCs in the AD rat model. Methods: In this study, 32 male rats were used in four groups, as follows: control, sham, AD rat model, and hADSCs-treated group. We used Morris Water Maze (MWM) for evaluating behavioral changes and Nissl staining for determining the histological studies. Results: In this study, the AD model was conﬁrmed by behavioral and histological analysis. Behavioral results showed that the spatial memory improved after hADSCs injection in the AD rat model while the time spent in the target quadrant was signiﬁcantly higher in the hADSCs-treated group than in the AD rat model group. On the other hand, the number of dead cells signiﬁcantly decreased in the hADSCs-treated group as analyzed by Nissl staining. Conclusions: Our ﬁndings revealed that hADSCs could transfer into the brain and improve memory and neuronal damage in the AD rat model.
Nonstationary Stochastic Simulation of Strong Ground Motion Time Histories Including Natural Variability: Application to the K-Net Japanese Database

Physical models that can be used to obtain realistic accelerograms usually require a thorough knowledge of the source, path, and site effects. In addition, the computational resources needed might be expensive. Thus, empirical models still represent a good alternative for simulating strong ground motion. In this work, we modify and improve the model developed by Sabetta and Pugliese (1996). This new method models the time-domain accelerogram based on the assumption that the phase is random and that the time envelope can be represented by the so-called average instantaneous power. This is, in turn, described as a lognormal distribution for P and S waves combined with an algebro-exponential function representing the envelope of coda waves. In addition, the frequency content of the signal is nonstationary and follows a modified ω -square model. The method depends on four common indicators in earthquake engineering: peak ground acceleration, strong-motion duration, Arias intensity, and central frequency. These indicators are empirically connected to a given database by means of ground-motion prediction equations. In this study we calibrate the model using Japanese data recorded by the K-net array, which has high-quality digital accelerograms and station-site conditions characterized by geotechnical measurements. In addition, this technique permits the inclusion of the uncertainty of the model parameters to take into account the ground-motion natural variability in the stochastic generation of the time histories. The main goal of this work is to provide the earthquake engineering community with a flexible tool to generate realistic accelerograms for dynamic studies.
Evolving ITE Trip Generation Handbook

This paper outlines a new perspective on data collection to inform site-level trip generation studies with amendments to ITE's Trip Generation Handbook in mind. The data collection proposed here is informed by the authors’ experiences in a study that aimed to adjust trip generation rates for an urban context. In this study, a consistent, reliable method for adjusting ITE's trip generation rates to account for increased non-automobile travel in different urban contexts was developed. On the basis of these experiences, the design presented here proposes more emphasis on collecting information on person counts and on how those person trips are distributed across various modes, including walking, cycling, and transit. This paper advocates a move from the vehicle-based counts used historically in these studies to a focus on how new development affects all users of transportation systems.
Low-voltage balanced transconductor with high input common-mode rejection

A balanced transconductor architecture with a high input common-mode (CM) rejection and capable of operating with low supply voltage is proposed. The novel structure is based on a feedforward cancellation of the input CM signal, implemented with an additional transconductor sensitive only to CM signals. A BiCMOS circuit implementation of the structure is presented. Comparative simulations show that the proposed technique is competitive with the classical fully-differential architecture particularly at high frequency when the CMRR degrades.
Micro/Nanotransport Phenomena in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

This article introduces a series of papers presented in a special issue entitled: “Micro/Nanotransport Phenomena in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. ” The papers in this issue address some of the basic aspects of renewable energy harvest/conversion, emission control, and optimization of energy. The first article describes a new method based on Femtosecond laser that can be used to fabricate high-quality metallic light absorbers. These artificially made surfaces can be used to improve the energy conversion efficiency such as thermophotovoltaics and solar energy absorbers. Articles on fuel cells cover the experimental and numerical study of cold startup of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, development of a continuum model for water transport in the Ionomer-phase of catalyst-coated membranes for PEM, and mesoscopic modeling based on the lattice Boltzmann method for water management in fuel cells. In the area of emission control, the next article discuss the use of nanosized cerium oxide particles as additives on biodiesel, reporting that these additives can appreciably reduce the emission levels of hydrocarbon and NOx through enhancing hydrocarbon oxidation and promoting complete combustion. Another article found that mesoscopic modeling of multiphysicochemical transport phenomena in porous media based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is especially effective to model the dissolving process of supercritical CO2 into geologic formations such as limestone rock. This may provide a comprehensive numerical tool to simulate the long-term fate of CO2 after injection into the geologic formations. Additional articles discuss thermal management and its role in solar technology, the use of flat-plate oscillating heat pipes for cooling photovoltaic cells with high concentration ratios, the use of nanoparticles to improve the convective heat transfer at high Reynolds number, the optimization of energy in the end use, and the “field synergy principle” as an effective tool to optimize the energy and mass flow in energy systems.
"Plasma Quest" Code for Pulse Scenario Synthesis and Transient Electromagnetic Studies in Tokamaks

A "Plasma Quest" code has been developed in a frame of the ITER activity. This is a new interactive numeric tool with user-friendly graphic interface, aimed at pulse scenario synthesis, plasma vertical displacement episodes (VDE) and disruption simulation in tokamak devices. In the synthesis mode, it creates design-constrained pulse operating scenarios with coil currents, voltages, fields and forces fitted into the given limits. At any time the code can be switched from the synthesis mode to the analysis one, to evaluate the vertical instability increment, simulate VDE and plasma disruption. Automatic data transfer to 3-D analysis tools makes a step toward the codes integration. Testing results for the ITER operating scenario are reported.
Positioning Lean within an exploration of engineering construction

Engineering construction has specific characteristics that separate it from other types of construction such as technical complexity, onerous safety, health and environmental regulations, duality of new build combined with maintenance and repair, largely owner/user commissioning clients, value propositions revolving around a production Process, etc. The recent Gibson report (Gibson, 2009) highlighted several significant problems associated with engineering construction in the UK arising, in many cases, from skill shortages and poor client–contractor relationships. Informal observation and a literature review enable 12 factors to be proposed that differentiate engineering construction from other forms of construction. A new paradigm for the construction sector is Lean construction. This is an adaptation of Lean production and is based on a philosophy that focuses on delivering improved value through the assembly of problem-solving networks of knowledgeable and skilled people. Accepting that Lean construction exists in theory as a method for improving a raft of construction production issues, the question is asked here as to whether it is also relevant to the set of additional factors identified as applying specifically to production in an engineering construction context. The discussion concludes that Lean construction principles can be applied in engineering construction and that an improvement in value could be achieved. Note: throughout this paper the word ‘process’ is used in two contexts—the design and construction process and the end Process that is the function of the client business, e.g. water treatment Process, food manufacturing Process. The context is distinguished by the capitalization of the first letter.
Method of arresting crack growth for application at a narrow working space

The many fracture accidents in engineering applications are related to fatigue crack initiation and growth. Therefore, the inspection of fatigue crack initiation and the arrest of crack growth are very important for the safe operation of a machine and the maintenance of a structure. Non destructive inspection has been developed in order to prevent a fracture accident resulting from the cracks or defects. When a crack initiates in machine equipment, continuous observation of the crack is carried out and the crack growth is arrested by some method. To arrest the crack growth, stop-holes are drilled at the crack tips in a case of initiation of a small number of cracks. Drilling the stop-hole is an effective method to prevent crack growth because it reduces stress concentration at the crack tip. Application of residual stress around the stop-holes and making a plastic hardening zone around the crack tips are effective to arrest crack growth. Applying a patch for repairing cracked parts is more effective than drilling stop-holes. In practical cases, patches are applied to repair cracked parts in airplane bodies, bridges, etc. However those methods cannot be used in some cases, because of the conditions of working space, for example. In this paper, an example of the application of a crack arrester at a car facility is introduced. Then, the effectiveness of the crack arrester is discussed. When many cracks are initiated and working space is very small, the crack arrester is a good tool for repairing the cracked parts. It is necessary to develop a method for stopping crack growth in order to replace cracked equipment, because new equipment should be designed carefully for preventing crack initiation again.
Investigation of a New Transition Curve

This paper describes derivation of the curvature change for the transition curve in a 2nd degree increasing concave formulation. The investigation of the usability of the developed transition curve in new designs and rehabilitation of existing roads are also included in this study. New transition curves are compared with the most used transition curves (clothoid, sinusoidal and bloss) in highways, and it has been targeted to indicate whether it is the most economic and comfortable one or not.
Ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar for mine field detection

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) constitutes one of the oldest technologies for subsurface sensing. Most of such systems are placed in direct or near-direct contact with the earth surface. A significant drawback of this approach is the lack of "standoff", a particular problem for the detection of buried ordnance (e.g., mines). Moreover, it is time consuming to use such hand-held systems for large-area interrogation over variable terrain and foliage. The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has therefore undertaken the development of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, with which significant standoff can be achieved. This system provides surveillance of large areas, the results from which can dictate the smaller regions over which conventional hand-held systems (e.g., electromagnetic induction, conventional GPR, and magnetometers) should be deployed. Therefore, while ideally we would like to use the SAR system to detect and distinguish each mine, we are particularly interested in mine field detection, over very large areas. Consequently, we need not detect each mine, but rather mine clusters. This simplified problem statement still constitutes a significant technological challenge, particularly in highly cluttered (natural and anthropic) environments.
A new technique for measuring the inductance of pin grid array packages

A technique for measuring the inductance of pin-grid-array packages is described. It includes the design of a board that allows the measurements of inductance to values less than 10 pH. The board is unique in that it allows measurement of the inductance and resistance of 132-lead packages in less than an hour. The board was designed to allow testing of the package inductance with current sourced through multiple power pins and sunk through multiple ground pins. This measurement technique gives a true measure of the inductance with respect to the package ground loop, making possible the determination of the variation of the power and ground loop inductance from package to package. The authors discuss the design of the test board and how the board was modeled to remove the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of the board itself. The method is compared with the conventional technique for measuring inductance, and sample data for both methods are presented and compared. Results obtained by measuring the resonant frequency of the test boards show that the new method is more accurate than the old one. <<ETX>>
Value Chains

This chapter studies the third pillar of sustainable intensification by focusing on the development of sustainable socioeconomic intensification. This encompasses the intensification of the relationships between farmers, which results in the development of innovative and sustainable institutions on the farm, in the community, and across regions and nations as a whole. Part of the response of rural people to the isolation they experience is to create associations, such as savings and loans associations and formal cooperatives. The critical question is how these institutions can be taken to scale. This chapter argues that the successful transformation of African agriculture lies in the effective integration of smallholder farmers into modernizing value chains. A food value chain describes the complicated process of transformation involving a sequence of events from the molecular product of one or more genes in crops or livestock, through intermediate stages of husbandry, harvesting, processing, marketing, and consumption, to the final molecular changes in the human who consumes the food product. Each component of the value chain, each structure or process has its distinctive characteristics, especially its own capacity to generate value.
Cooperative vehicle-actuator system: a sequence-based framework of cooperative intersections management

With the emergence of cooperative driving, an innovative traffic control concept, Cooperative Intersection Management (CIM), has emerged. In the framework of CIM, vehicles can wirelessly communicate with the intersection controller for negotiating the right-of-way. Each vehicle is dealt with individually by the controller. Thus, the right-of-way can be customised on measurement of vehicles’ state. CIM has a great potential to increase the capacity of intersections. However, this new concept deserves a profound research such as finding an efficient control mechanism that can balance between safety and efficiency issues. This study proposes a sequence-based system, which is referred to as cooperative vehicle-actuator system, to achieve this purpose. The control in this system turns to determine the vehicle passing sequence under safety constraints. Two control strategies under this system are introduced to find the vehicles passing sequence in real time. Microscopic simulations are implemented to verify the performance of the proposed system. Besides, a real intersection test is carried out to prove the feasibility of the system in real world applications.
A Retrospective Study: Twin Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Centre, Maternal and Perinatal Outcome

- Background: The objective of present study was to study the maternal and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy in a tertiary care canter. Methods: Retrospective analytical review of all twin deliveries at J.K Lon hospital, Govt. medical college Kota, over a period of 1 year between January 2020 and December 2020.There were 60 twin deliveries. Maternal details, antenatal complications and fetal outcome were analysed. Results: The incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.4 % with maximum incidence in age group of 20 -29 years and in multigravida. Vertex - vertex fetal presentation was most common presentation. Most frequent mode of delivery was caesarean section (76.6%). Preterm labour was most common maternal complication (75%), followed by anaemia (60%). Complications in perinatal period were birth hypoxia (35%), intrauterine growth restriction (13.3%), hyperbilirubinaemia (10%) and neonatal sepsis (3.3 %). 85% of the new-borns were LBW. Perinatal mortality in our study was 15%. Abstract-Background:The objective of present study was to study the maternal and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy in a tertiary care canter. Methods:Retrospective analytical review of all twin deliveries at J.K Lon hospital, Govt. medical college Kota, over a period of 1 year between January 2020 and December 2020.There were 60 twin deliveries. Maternal details, antenatal complications and fetal outcome were analysed. Re sults: Th e incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.4 % with maximum incidence in age group of 20 -29 years and in multigravida. Vertex - vertex fetal presentation was most common presentation. Most frequent mode of delivery was caesarean section (76.6%). Preterm labour was most common maternal complication (75%), followed by anaemia (60%). Complications in perinatal period were birth hypoxia (35%), intrauterine growth restriction (13.3%), hyperbilirubinaemia (10%) and neonatal sepsis (3.3 %). 85% of the new-borns were LBW. Perinatal mortality in our study was 15%. Conclusions:Twin pregnancies were seen to be more in the younger age group. Preterm labour, anaemia, hypertension and malpresentation were the main complications while caesarean section was the most common mode of delivery. Diachronicity led to less fetal complications and low perinatal mortality. Early active intervention in twin gestation can reduce the maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.
Orion GN and C Overview and Architecture

The Crew Exploration Vehicle, named Orion, is a critical element in the Constellation Program to develop the transportation system needed to send humans back to the moon and then beyond. Lockheed Martin is the prime contractor for the Orion spacecraft, which is managed by the Johnson Space Center. The Orion GN&C sub-system is being jointly developed by NASA and Lockheed Martin through a mode team approach. The GN&C is a critical element of the Orion mission to carry astronauts to low earth orbit to service the International Space Station and then on later flights to transfer and return a crew of four to the moon. The Orion GN&C system must perform monitoring and abort functions during ascent, rendezvous and docking in both low earth and lunar orbits, perform uncrewed lunar loiter operations, perform trans earth injection and atmospheric entry and landing. The Orion also must be integrated with the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle, the Earth Departure Stage of the Ares V and the Lunar Surface Access Module. This paper provides an overview of the Orion GN&C system. The functional capabilities of the Orion GN&C will be provided in the context of Constellation architecture, the key GN&C requirements will be summarized, the GN&C architecture will be presented, the development schedule and plans will summarized and finally conclusions will be presented.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Multi-Mixed-Model Assembly Lines Sequencing Problem

Multi-mixed model assembly lines (MMMALs) sequencing cooperative optimization is a typical problem that a variety of products models are assembled in multiple assembly lines. It extends the traditional products sequencing from MMAL to MMMALs. In this paper, we pose products assembly sequencing in multi-mixed model assembly lines (MMMALs) as a multiple-objective optimization problem with the objectives to minimize consumption waviness of each material in the lines, total setup cost and finished product inventory cost. The multi-objective optimization algorithm based on NSGAII is designed. Computational experiment has been demonstrated to the applicability of using NSGAII to solve the problem and effectiveness of the proposed approach. By means of this research, the valid solutions for products assembly sequence can be offered to the decision makers effectively.