Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fortified Construction Techniques in al-Ṭagr al-Awsaṯ, 8th–13th Centuries

Spanish Islamic military architecture shows an attempt at the systematization of works, techniques, and defensive elements, commencing in the era of the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate up to the North African Empires (Almoravids and Almohads). This article presents an analysis of the constructive techniques and systems employed in the fortified architecture in al-Ṭagr al-Awsaṯ; that is, the Medium Frontier Territory of al-Andalus, called Marca Media, between the 8th and 13th centuries. The fortification of the borders was an objective of the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate, as well as of the new kingdoms of Taifas and the Almoravid and Almohad Empires. The buildings were designed not only to defend a territory but also as a way of demonstrating the political power, and thus they were used as “state propaganda”. The triumph of the Islamic State over different groups, the advance of the Christian conquest, the decline of the Caliphate, and the invasion of the Almoravids and Almohads were situations that modified the definition of borders, the strategies of defense, and the organization of cities and territories. Therefore, the construction of fortifications acted as a mirror reflecting the social, political, and economic circumstances, whose changes depended on the real possibilities, knowledge, celerity, or technological evolution of the time. As such, these constructions permit an analysis of not only the building techniques, but also the people who carried them out, showing in their remains the social implications and organization of work from the master builders down to the quarry workers. This article presents the organization and technical knowledge of construction through a selection of cases studies, including watchtowers, castles, city walls, and fortresses.
Stability and nonlinear controllability analysis of a quadrotor-like autonomous underwater vehicle considering variety of cases

A quadrotor-like autonomous underwater vehicle that is similar to, yet different from quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles, has been reported recently. This article investigates the stability and nonlinear controllability properties of the vehicle. First, the 12-degree-of-freedom model of the vehicle deploying an X shape actuation system is developed. Then, a stability property is investigated showing that the vehicle cannot be stabilized by a time invariant smooth state feedback law. After that, by adopting a nonlinear controllability analysis tool in geometric control theory, the small-time local controllability of the vehicle is analyzed for a variety of cases, including the vertical plane motion, the horizontal plane motion, and the three-dimensional space motion. Finally, different small-time local controllability conditions for different cases are developed. The result shows that the small-time local controllability holds for vertical plane motion and horizontal plane motion. However, the full degree of freedom kinodynamics model (i.e. 12 states) of the vehicle does not satisfy the small-time local controllability from zero-velocity states.
Aspects of Various Community Detection Algorithms in Social Network Analysis

One of the most important aspects of social network analysis is community detection, which is used to categorize related individuals in a social network into groups or communities. The approach is quite similar to graph partitioning, and in fact, most detection algorithms rely on concepts from graph theory and sociology. The aim of this chapter is to aid a novice in the field of community detection by providing a wider perspective on some of the different detection algorithms available, including the more recent developments in this field. Five popular algorithms have been studied and explained, and a recent novel approach that was proposed by the authors has also been included. The chapter concludes by highlighting areas suitable for further research, specifically targeting overlapping community detection algorithms.
Identifying Factors Affecting EDI Adoption in the Automotive Supply Industry: A Quantitative Study

This study examines the main determinants of electronic data interchange (EDI) adoption inside the automotive supply chain. The research model was developed based on the combination of TOE model, DOI and institutional theory. It studies the main factors that influence EDI adoption, through taking into consideration technological factors (Perceived benefits, compatibility, trialability, observability, costs and risks), organizational factors (size, top management support, IT competence and centralization), and environmental factors (coercive pressure, mimetic pressure, normative pressure, information’s intensity and external support). A survey was distributed to the automotive companies in Morocco and in total, 47 responses were collected and analyzed. The findings show that only four factors have a significant influence on EDI adoption: coercive and normative pressure, perceived benefits of EDI and the top management support.
Estimating lower probability bound of power system's capability to fully accommodate variable wind generation

As the penetration of wind generation increases, the uncertainty it brings has imposed great challenges to power system operation. To cope with the challenges, tremendous research work has been conducted, among which two aspects are of most importance, i.e. making immune operation strategies and accessing the power system's capability to accommodate the variable energy. Driven and inspired by the latter problem, this paper will discuss the power system's capability to accommodate variable wind generation in a probability sense. Wind generation, along with its uncertainty is illustrated by a polyhedron, which contains prediction, risk and uncertainty information. Then, a three-level optimization problem is presented to estimate the lower probability bound of power system's capability to fully accommodate wind generation. After reformulating the inner \emph{max-min} problem, or feasibility check problem, into its equivalent mixed-integer linear program (MILP) form, the bisection algorithm is presented to solve this challenging problem. Modified IEEE systems are adopted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Influence of Group Size On Predator Scanning and Foraging Behaviour of Wedgecapped Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Olivaceus)

The behaviour of two groups of wedgecapped capuchin monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, a small one (n = 8) and a large one (n = 25) was recorded. Time budgets and other aspects of behaviour depended on group size. The differences can be explained as: adjustment to predation risk and intra-group food competition. In order to evade predation, members of the small groups scan more and stay at greater heights than those of the large group. Higher food competition within the large group was reflected in the composition of its diet, in longer travel distances, and higher levels of social behaviour. In particular during the dry season, the large group exploited unattractive and risky food sources. These results support ALEXANDER'S hypothesis on the causes of group formation.
Accessible Ubiquitous Services for Supporting Daily Activities: A Case Study with Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

ABSTRACT Ubiquitous environments have considerable potential to provide services supporting daily activities (using public transportation to and from workplace, using ATM machines, selecting and purchasing goods in ticketing or vending machines, etc.) in order to assist people with disabilities. Nevertheless, the ubiquitous service providers generally supply generic user interfaces which are not usually accessible for all potential end users. In this article, a case study to verify the adequacy of the user interfaces automatically generated by the Egoki system for two supporting ubiquitous services adapted to young adults with moderate intellectual disabilities was presented. The task completion times and the level of assistance required by participants when using the interfaces were analyzed. Participants were able to access services through a tablet and successfully complete the tasks, regardless of their level of expertise and familiarity with the service. Moreover, results indicate that their performance and confidence improved with practice, as they required fewer direct verbal and pointer cues to accomplish tasks. By applying observational methods during the experimental sessions, several potential improvements for the automated interface generation process were also detected.
Tropical cyclones objection detection based on faster R-CNN and infrared satellite cloud images

Since the labels of training samples are related to bags not instances, the multiple instance learning (MIL) is a special ambiguous learning paradigm. In this paper, we propose a novel bag space (BS) construction and extreme learning machine (ELM) combination method named BS_ELM for MIL, which can capture the bag structure and use the efficiency of ELM. Firstly, sparse subspace clustering is performed to obtain the cluster centers and a new bag space is constructed. Then ELM is used to classify bags in the new space. Experiments on data sets demonstrate the utility and efficiency of the proposed approach as compared to the other state-of-the-art MIL algorithms.
Assessing the Diversity of the E-collection of the William H. Hannon Library; a Phased Project

The American Library Association’s 1982 statement on Diversity in Collection Development reminds librarians of our professional responsibility “to select and support the access to materials on all subjects that meet, as closely as possible, the needs, interests, and abilities of all persons in the community the library serves. This includes materials that reflect political, economic, religious, social, minority, and sexual issues. ” The William H. Hannon (WHH) Library’s vision statementaffirms that the library views itself as Bridge, Gateway, Agora, and Enterprise. To ensure that our materials collection aligns with our institutional vision and meets the research needs of our diverse campus population, the project team proposed an assessment of our electronic collection through the lens of diversity. The assessment was to determine if the library’s online databases (most often the first point of research consultation for our students and faculty) are adequately “bridging disciplines” (Bridge) and “representing diverse topics and perspectives” (Gateway). What the team learns will inform the library collection strategy, to ensure that it builds collections that deliberately and positively contribute to an inclusive campus climate. [1] http://library.lmu. edu/aboutthelibrary/libraryvisionmission/
Trophic spectrum of the juvenile roosterfish, Nematistius pectoralis Gill, 1862 (Perciformes: Nematistiidae), in Almejas Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Este trabajo es la primera contribucion al conocimiento de la dieta del Pejegallo Nematistius pectoralis, capturado en Bahia Almejas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Se describe cualitativa y cuantitativamente el espectro trofico de 59 ejemplares de N. pectoralis, usando los metodos tradicionales de frecuencia de aparicion, numerico y peso, asi como el indice de importancia relativa. En Total se identificaron 10 especies presa de las cuales 9 fueron peces y un cefalopodo. Se determino que el pejegallo, es un depredador ictiofago activo el cual incide principalmente sobre especies de peces que forman cardumenes como los son Eucinostomus dowii, E. gacilis, Anchoa ischana y Anchoa spp.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Pseudouroleptus jejuensis nov. spec., a new soil ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea

A new soil ciliate, Pseudouroleptus jejuensis, was discovered from Jeju Island, South Korea and described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, and SSU rRNA gene sequence analyses. Pseudouroleptus jejuensis differs from other congeneric species mainly by number of dorsal kineties (5 vs. 4). Based on our observation of late dividers, we confirm that the dorsal kinety anlage 3 forms 3 kineties (i.e., dorsal kineties 3–5), and the dorsal kinety anlagen 1–3 form 3–5/1–2/0 caudal cirri, respectively. Our gene trees support the assignment of this new species in Pseudouroleptus to full supporting values.
Edit Distance Based Grammatical Rule Generation Using an Improved Cost Function

Natural language processing is a very popular research area that poses many challenges especially for highly agglutinative languages. Although there are some existing solutions that use different methods and models, applying the concept of Levenshtein distance is very rare among them. In this paper a novel Levenshtein distance based grammatical rule generation method is proposed that uses a uniquely improved cost function for finding the optimal rule for each word pair in the training data set. The base of the method is to extend every character in the words with their phonetical attributes to reduce the number of candidate rules, thus helping to choose one of them. A simple test experiment proves that the novel cost function can indeed improve the quality of the generated rules.
Watermarking-based copyright protection of sequential functions

Watermarking is proposed as a means to protect intellectual property contents of electronic systems from copyright infringement. The technique consists of implanting indelible stamps in the circuit's inner structure, while not disrupting its functionality or degrading its performance. In this paper a novel method is proposed for the creation of watermarks in regular sequential functions operating on finite input/output sets. This is an important class of circuits, as it is the basis of most digital controllers. Algorithms are proposed for implanting and detecting watermarks so as to minimize implementation overhead for a specified level of robustness.
Revisiting a Brazilian WordNet

Brazilian Portuguese needs a WordNet that is open access, downloadable and changeable, so that it can be improved by researchers, such as the community interested in automated deduction. This would be very valuable to linguists and computer scientist interested in representing knowledge obtained from texts. We discuss briefly why we want a Brazilian Portuguese WordNet and how we are going about getting one. These are only first steps, though, as our project is just starting.
Cascaded Deep Networks With Multiple Receptive Fields for Infrared Image Super-Resolution

Infrared images have a wide range of military and civilian applications, including night vision, surveillance, and robotics. However, high-resolution infrared detectors are difficult to fabricate and their manufacturing cost is expensive. In this paper, we present a cascaded architecture of deep neural networks with multiple receptive fields to increase the spatial resolution of infrared images by a large scale factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Instead of reconstructing a high-resolution image from its low-resolution version using a single complex deep network, the key idea of our approach is to set up a mid-point (scale <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) between scale <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> such that lost information can be divided into two components. Lost information within each component contains similar patterns thus can be more accurately recovered even using a simpler deep network. In our proposed cascaded architecture, two consecutive deep networks with different receptive fields are jointly trained through a multi-scale loss function. The first network with a large receptive field is applied to recover large-scale structure information, while the second one uses a relatively smaller receptive field to reconstruct small-scale image details. Our proposed method is systematically evaluated using realistic infrared images. Compared with state-of-the-art super-resolution methods, our proposed cascaded approach achieves improved reconstruction accuracy using significantly fewer parameters.
Measure of environmental accessibility (MEA): development and inter-rater reliability

The Measure of accessibility to urban infrastructures for adults with physical disabilities was first published in 2012 and proved to have good inter-rater reliability. Yet, the format (more user-friendly) and content (updated references and labels) of this instrument needed to be improved. Therefore, a new version, now entitled Measure of Environmental Accessibility (MEA), was developed to provide professionals and individuals defending the rights of persons with disabilities with a more user-friendly, objective measure of accessibility of exterior and interior urban infrastructures for adults with mobility, visual and hearing impairments. The aim of this paper is to present the improvements made in this new version and evaluate its inter-rater reliability. This cross-sectional study for inter-rater reliability was conducted by a student in occupational therapy and a student in architecture who performed 30 MEA evaluations of public infrastructures. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using Gwet’s AC1 statistic. Most items (71%, 626/882) had AC1 values ranging from good to excellent. Some items had lower inter-rater reliability coefficients (12%, 108/882, p-value <0.05) and a few had non-significant coefficients (6%, 52/882, p-value ≥0.05). These items are distributed unevenly in the MEA. Thus, it is impossible to predict which items are less appropriate. Another 96 items (11%) did not have a Gwet’s AC1 value since both raters did not observe the evaluated element. The MEA is a reliable accessibility measure for urban built environments. Its new content and format make it a useful tool for individuals involved in the design or renovation of the built environment to improve accessibility and, therefore, inclusion of individuals with disabilities.
INTERFERON-ALPHA SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THE SENSORY AUDITORY NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS

The current study investigated the effect of interferon-a (IFN-a) on the cochlear cell line to shed light on the mechanisms by which interferon alpha may affect hearing. HEI-OC1 cell line and real time-PCR were used to determine the expression of those genes that might be involved in these mechanisms. Dose- (20, 40, & 80 U/ml) and time-dependent experiment-1 did not show significant alteration in gene expression associated with the stimulations of the IFN-a receptors. Therefore, a second experiment was planned. A 3 X 4 factorial design, consisting of three treatment conditions (0, 200 & 2000U/ml) and four time-points (6, 12, 24 & 48 Hrs), was employed. The results of experiment-2 revealed that significant differential expression of inflammatory genes, immune response genes and apoptotic genes is found in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This outcome indicates that IFN-a treatment led to initiation of an inflammatory response, an immune response and apoptosis of the cochlear cells, which was confirmed by a reduction in cell viability. The immune response was the most pronounced response; whereas inflammatory the apoptotic responses were transient. Therefore, the current in-vitro study indicates that the inflammatory response, the immune response and apoptosis might be the underlying mechanisms involved in the hearing impairment previously reported in patients under IFN-a therapy. These results imply that pre-treatment hearing evaluation as well as close monitoring of hearing function in patients undergoing long-term high-dose of IFN-a therapy are necessary to avoid or to minimize its adverse effect on hearing. The results also indicate that there is a need for further investigation of other markers that might be involved in signaling pathways of IFN-a, including markers for intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and antiapoptotic markers as well as markers for necrosis. This information might open an avenue for therapeutic intervention that can protect the inner ear from the ototoxic effect of some medications in general and IFN-a in particular and treat some immune-mediated inner ear disorders. In addition, this information might help in identifying novel diagnostic markers for vulnerability, severity, and outcomes of any cochlear pathology.
Von der Form zur Bedeutung: Texte automatisch verarbeiten/From Form to Meaning: Processing Texts Automatically

The book contains the papers presented at the 2009 bi-annual conference of the German Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology (GSCL), as well as those of the associated 2nd UIMA@GSCL workshop. The main theme of the conference was computational approaches to text processing, and in conjunction with the UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) workshop, this volume offers an overview of current work on both theoretical and practical aspects of text document processing.
Computational and Visualization Techniques for Structural Bioinformatics Using Chimera

Power of the Mind 1: The Science of Visua.Complex & Intelligent Systems | HomeDimensionality Reduction for Data . Home Data 100Computational Genomics with R G.Computational Biology | Departmen.Creative visualization WikipediaComputational Sciences (M.Sc.) | Pr.Computational and Inferential Thinking.Data ScienceCHEMISTRY University of Washi.Computational Linguistics (Stanfor.4 Geography's Techniques | Redisc.Computer Science (COM S) | Iowa State . MIT Senseable City LabComputational Physics with PythonCurriculum Master of Science in Computat.Geospatial Analysis 6th Edition, 2021 update . Ansys Ensight | Simulation Data Visu.Pathway enrichment analysis and visualiz. (PDF) DATA VISUALIZATION R.Visualization NCSADiagnostics | Free Full-Text | Visualization o.Google for Education: Computational Thin.International Journal of Computational Intelli.Quantitative and Computational Biol.Statistics (STAT) & Penn StateVisualization (graphics) WikipediaHome Vivante HealthLaboratory for Computational Scie.Molecular Engineering < Unive.Computational Fluid Dynamics an overv.
Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC, CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.