Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separating rapid relocking, afterslip, and viscoelastic relaxation: An application of the postseismic straightening method to the Maule 2010 cGPS

The postseismic deformation captured with continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) monitoring following many recent megathrust events has been shown to be a signal composed of two dominant processes: afterslip on the plate interface and viscoelastic relaxation of the continental and oceanic mantles in response to the coseismic stress perturbation. Following the south central Chile 2010 Maule Mw 8.8 earthquake, the time series from the regional cGPS network show a distinct curvature in the pathway of the horizontal motion that is not easily fit by a stationary decaying pattern of afterslip in combination with viscoelastic relaxation. Here we show that with realistic assumptions about the long‐term decay of the afterslip signal, the postseismic signal can be decomposed into three first‐order contributing processes: plate interface relocking, plate interface afterslip, and mantle viscoelastic relaxation. From our analyses we conclude that the plate interface recovers its interseismic locking state rapidly (model space ranges between an instant recovery and a period of 1 year), a finding that supports laboratory experimental evidence as well as some recent studies of aftershocks and postseismic surface deformation. Furthermore, relocking is the main cause of the curvature in the cGPS signal, and this study presents a plausible range of geodetic relocking rates following a megathrust earthquake.
SEED GERMINATION ENHANCEMENT OF ZINNIA (ZINNIA ELEGANS) USING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

The effect of electromagnetic field was examined on Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) seeds to enhance seed germination and early growth. The seeds were exposed to four magnetic strengths of 15, 100, 400 and 800 mT in four durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. The experiments were carried out in two forms of laboratory germination and soil emergence. Results showed that magnetic field application enhanced seed performance in both terms of laboratory germination and soil emergence. The magnetic field significantly (p £0.05) affected root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight, seedling length and weight, germination percentage, speed of germination, vigor index I and II in laboratory germination. Also, the magnetic field exposure significantly affected soil emergence factors of root length, shoot length, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, seedling length, emergence percentage and emergence speed at 0.05 level of probability. The other factors were significantly (p £0.05) different compared with unexposed control. No significantly differences were found on the interaction of time and exposure field. The best results were found to 400 mT (micro Tesla) on seed germination and seed emergence. The exposure durations of 240 and 30 min showed promising results over all magnetic fields in seed germination and emergence, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among exposure times.
Molecular Analysis, Based on 28s rDNA, of Dactylogyroides Species, Parasitizing Puntius Species

The interrelationship of the helminthes have attracted attention from both phylogeneticists restricting their attention to morphological characters and those relying solely on molecular data. The phylogenic relationships exsisting among four monogenoideans belonging to genus Dactylogyroides found on two species of freshwater cypriniformes Puntius as P.sophore and P.chola in the River Gomti, India. These relationships were investigated via the use of the partial 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). characters for the differentiation of closely related genera or species group are usually selected based on practical purposes, taking no account of the evolutionary values of the characters. It is really difficult to establish a criterion for genus erection for the diversified monogenoideans. Analyses of 28S region in this study revealed that this gene is a very good molecular marker for inferring a relationship between closely related species. The aim of this paper is to describe the phylogenetic relationships between the monogenoidean parasites (genus Dactylogyroides) infesting genus Puntius, using DNA sequence data from nuclear ribosomal clusters.
Land management decisions and agricultural productivity in the hillsides of Honduras

Increasing land degradation and concomitant low agricultural productivity are important determinants of rural poverty in the hillside areas of Honduras. Using data at the levels of the farm household, parcel and plot, we develop an econometric modeling framework to analyze land management decisions and their impact on crop productivity. Our econometric model allows for endogenous household decisions regarding livelihood strategy choice, use of labor and external inputs, and participation in organizations. We found support for the inverse farm size-land productivity relationship which suggests that improved land access could increase total crop production. Land tenure has no impact on crop productivity, but adoption of soil conservation practices is higher on owner-operated than leased plots. Ownership of machinery and equipment and livestock ownership both positively influence crop productivity. Education positively affects perennial crop productivity. The gender of the household head has no significant effect on crop productivity, but does influence some land management and input use decisions. Even though household participation in training programs and organizations has only limited effects on crop productivity, agricultural extension plays a key role in promoting adoption of soil conservation practices. Location assets have limited impacts on crop productivity but do influence land management decisions. Road density and better market access have a positive effect on perennial crop productivity. Population density has limited direct impact on crop productivity, though it may have indirect effects by affecting farm size and livelihood strategies.
STUDIES AND CONTROL OF COUPLED-BUNCH INSTABILITIES AT DELTA

DELTA is a 1.5-GeV synchrotron radiation source at the TU Dortmund with 2 ns bunch spacing. At nominal op- erating currents, the beam exhibits significant longitudinal centroid motion due to coupled-bunch instabilities. Two techniques were successfully used at DELTA to damp such instabilities: rf phase modulation, which also improves the beam lifetime, and bunch-by-bunch feedback. Using di- agnostic data from the bunch-by-bunch feedback system, modal spectra and growth rates of the longitudinal insta- bilities were determined. We also present a preliminary characterization of transverse coupled-bunch oscillations.
An Account of Intercultural Contact in Nyakyusa Personal Names

The impact of intercultural contact in African societies may be well articulated by examining personal names bestowed to children. The contact between different cultures yields different naming systems, apparent in the trends in personal names of children in the Nyakyusa community in Tanzania. Qualitative analysis of a sample of 220 personal names collected by the author yielded three layers: a layer of names with words and clauses with meaning in Nyakyusa language, another layer of names starting with mwawhich indicates the descent of the family, and yet another layer of nativized English, Swahili and/or Christian names. The findings were consistent with another sample of 786 names of primary school pupils in rural areas, foreign names accounted for about 60 percent of all names outnumbering, by far, the indigene names. It may follow that most parents in the Nyakyusa community opt for foreign names rather than native ones. This paper is a testimony that traditions in the Nyakyusa naming system are diminishing.
Simulating Heavy Precipitation with HARMONIE, HIRLAM and WRF-ARW: A Flash Flood Case Study in İstanbul, Turkey

Turkiye'nin kuzeybatisinda farkli yerlere birkac saat icinde buyuk miktarda yagis meydana gelmistir. Sinoptik duruma bakildiginda Akdeniz uzerinde bir kac gunluk tipik bir sonbahar konvektif durum gorulmektedir. Bu calismada, 8–9 Eylul 2009 tarihlerinde meydana gelen asiri yagisin uc farkli sayisal hava modeli (HARMONIE, Yuksek Cozunurluk Sinirli Alan Modeli (HIRLAM) ve WRF) kullanarak tahmin yeteneklerini degerllendirmektedir. Her bir model yagis tahminleri bolgedeki 28 yagis gozlemleriyle karsilastirilmistir. Sel felaketine sebep olan bu tehlikeli durumu farkli sayisal hava tahmin modelleri ile derinlemesine incelemek onemlidir. Hidrometeorolojik olay olan asiri yagis ve ani selin tahmini ozellikle cok kalabalik bolgelerde cok zordur. Ani seller yagis sure ve miktari, topografya yer yuruzu kullanimi gibi cesitli faktorlere baglidir. Tum modeller Istanbul batisi baz alinarak calistirilmistir. Her uc modelde bolgede yogun yagis tahmin etmektedir, ancak, en yogun yagis alanlarinin yerleri onlarca kilometer uzakliktadir. Modeller, asiri yagislarin sinyallerini iyi tahmin etmektedir, ancak maksimumlarin konumlari, gozlenen yerlere gore farklidir.
Person Tagging in Still Images by Fusing Face and Full-bodyDetections

We address the problem of organizing personal photo albums by assigning tags/names to people present in photographs. Our proposed framework improves similar systems such as Google+ Photos (Picasa) by incorporating not only a face detector but also a full-body detector. Both these modalities are combined together to provide the user with tags of people whose face has not been detected or is not even present in the photograph. An implementation of the proposed framework is evaluated on a sample of real life photographs.
Rice mutants and their responses to suboptimal temperatures in the early stages of development

The aim of this study was to verify differences in the tolerance to suboptimal temperatures of eight rice mutant genotypes in relation to their cultivars of origin in the initial stages of development. During the germination period, the germination percentage and the germination rate index were evaluated at temperatures of 25 and 13°C. For the vegetative stage enzymatic indicators, photosynthetic pigment concentration and electrolyte leakage were verified. The relative decrease in the germination percentage of mutants QUE 47, QUE 30 and QUE 33 was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.01) than that of cv. BRS Querencia. The principal component analysis using the values of the relative decreases of the germination percentage and of the germination rate index confirmed this distinction and the mentioned genotypes were classified into the group with a higher cold tolerance than BRS Querencia. The BRS Fronteira genotype did not differ from its mutants for the variables analyzed during germination. In the vegetative stage there were no differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the mutant genotypes and BRS Querencia for the analyzed variables. The induced mutation increased the tolerance to suboptimal temperature in the germination period in the genotypes QUE 47, QUE 30 and QUE 33, but not for the vegetative stage. Key words: Oryza sativa, mutation, abiotic stress, low temperature.
Measuring customer satisfaction in food industry

Article history: Received October 28, 2014 Received in revised format 15 January 2015 Accepted 28 January 2015 Available online January 31 2015 Customers are financial and intellectual capital of the firm and its survival and success depend on the attitude and firm performance to its customers. The goal of this article is to study customer satisfaction in Bonny Chow National Distribution Company and offering a model to evaluate customer satisfaction and also to study strength and weakness to improve and facilitate the defects. This study is descriptive, because it collects data and analyzes hypothesis based on expert survey. The questionnaire used in this paper has 10 questions on measure customer satisfaction. The results show that responders were satisfied with the visitors and delivery personnel and they were dissatisfied with the firm. In other words hypothesis 1 and 2 were accepted and hypothesis 3 was rejected. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201
Studying influence of the wicking process on the heat transfer in a homogeneous inclined porous medium

In this research, we study the spontaneous wicking process of a fluid in a homogeneous porous medium taking into account that the medium is subject to the presence of a temperature gradient, including the gravity effects. We assume that the porous medium is initially at temperature $T_0$ and pressure $P_0$ ; then the lower part of the porous medium faces a liquid reservoir with temperature $T_1$ and pressure $P_0$ and begins the spontaneous wicking process into the porous medium. The physical influence of two nondimensional parameters like the ratio of the characteristic thermal time to the characteristic wicking time, $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are defined as the ratio of the hydrostatic head of the imbibed fluid to the characteristic pressure difference between the wicking front and the dry zone of the porous medium, serves us to evaluate the velocity of the wicking front as well as the temperature profiles and the corresponding Nusselt numbers in the wetting zone. Influence of the heat dissipation and slope of porous medium on temperature and velocity profile is studied. In particular, for small values of time the well-known Washburn law is recovered. The numerical predictions show that the the velocity and temperature profiles depend on the above nondimensional parameters, revealing a clear deviation of the simple Washburn law.
Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Japan – A Study on Business Life Cycle Stages of Small and Medium Enterprises

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between immigrant women and businesses. With time, it has come to knowledge that immigrant entrepreneurship is largely dependent on the opportunities and resources offered by the host country and this will determine the growth in small and medium enterprises, new ventures and overall entrepreneurial activity. Japan has traditionally been slow in entrepreneurship even as recent data shows a poor TEA score for the country. Women also have a limited participation and they are expected to be more involved in domestic activities. Although much is now changing in the face of an aging population, changing social structure and the need to boost economic activity, its impact on immigrant entrepreneurship, especially by owned by women, is yet to be understood. This paper looks at the issue by exploring such businesses across stages in a business life cycle. It identifies key motivators, challenges and barriers that most immigrant females face in business creation and development in Japan. Finally it proposes instrumental changes in the system to build a more positive environment and strengthen the prospects for immigrant entrepreneurship in Japan.
Application of Endogenous Growth Model to the Economy of Pakistan: A Cointegration Approach

During the last few decades, governments of developing countries have increasingly viewed foreign direct investment (FDIs) as a catalyst for economic growth. This study investigates the impact of FDI on economic growth of Pakistan by using Endogenous Growth Model. Out of a number of variables affecting economic growth, few have been taken into our model e.g. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Domestic Savings, Employed Labour Force, Capital Formation, Human Capital Index and Balance of Trade. The study examines the causality among economic Growth and all variables mentioned above over the period 1972-2005 using Johansen‟s maximum likelihood co-integration test and multivariate Granger causality test developed by Yamamoto and Toda (1995). The results of Granger causality indicated that in the short run, economic growth is caused by FDIs, domestic savings, human capital index, employed labour force and balance of trade.
Entry for Encyclopedia of Financial Globalization: Foreign Direct Investment and International Technology Transfer

1This chapter focuses on micro-level evidence. For a review of the macro literature on FDI and growth see the chapter by Kalemli-Ozcan and Villegas-Sanchez in this volume. For a review of both the macro and the micro literature with an emphasis on the role of complementary local conditions see the chapter by Alfaro and Johnson in this volume.
Accumulation and distribution of some selected heavy metals in both water and some vital tissues of two fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) from Lake Chamo Ethiopia

The present study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals in different tissue organs of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) and Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish). The analysis of results after digestion of sample with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) showed that the concentration of measured metals in different tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus existed in the order of liver > gill > muscle for Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb in Oreochromis niloticus fish. In Clarias gariepinus, gill > liver > muscle for Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn whereas for Pb muscle > liver > gill and for Ni liver = muscle > gill. In general the metal contents determined in the two fish species were in the order of Clarias gariepinus > Oreochromis niloticus for Cu, Mn and Ni in all tissues, and Zn, Cd, Co and Mn were higher in Oreochromis niloticus than Clarias gariepinus in the gill and liver, whereas the concentration of Zn, Co, Fe and Pb were higher in the muscle of Clarias gariepinus than Oreochromis niloticus. Liver of Oreochromis niloticus accumulated the highest concentration of heavy metals while the muscles of both fishes had the lowest concentrations.
Simulated evolution of the dark matter large-scale structure

We analyze evolution of the basic properties of simulated large scale structure elements formed by dark matter (DM LSS) and confront it with the observed evolution of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. In three high resolution simulations we selected samples of compact DM clouds of moderate overdensity. Clouds are selected at redshifts $0\leq z\leq 3$ with the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) technique. The main properties of so selected clouds are analyzed in 3D space and with the core sampling approach, what allows us to compare estimates of the DM LSS evolution obtained with two different techniques and to clarify some important aspects of the LSS evolution. In both cases we find that regular redshift variations of the mean characteristics of the DM LSS are accompanied only by small variations of their PDFs, what indicates the self similar character of the DM LSS evolution. The high degree of relaxation of DM particles compressed within the LSS is found along the shortest principal axis of clouds. We see that the internal structure of selected clouds depends upon the mass resolution and scale of perturbations achieved in simulations. It is found that the low mass tail of the PDFs of the LSS characteristics depends upon the procedure of clouds selection.
16 Tense , Connectives and Discourse Structure

Preceding chapters have shown that tense, grammatical and predicational aspect are very important clues in the process of temporal interpretation of sentences (chapter 14) and discourse (chapter 15). The present chapter investigates the interaction of tense with other temporal markers in the discourse, in particular temporal adverbials, and more specifically connectives, the linguistic elements that are used for connecting discourse segments.
New Methods for Determining the Thermophysical and Hydraulical Properties of Unsaturated and Unconsolidated Rocks

The heat conductivity and diffusivity as well as the hydraulic properties of unconsolidated rocks are important parameters to quantify the conductive and convective heat transfer in the subsurface. Depending on the type and way of installation of an underground heat exchanger system the involved soil undergoes compaction, change in saturation e.g. The most soil properties will be changed somehow, just the grain size distribution remains constant. In the operation phase the temperature and saturation are variable in time and space. The change in the ratios of the gas phase and water phase in the subsoil affects the themo-physical performance. The hydraulic conductivity of soils is a non-linear function on the water content. The heat capacity of unconsolidated rocks can be calculated from the heat capacities of the individual components and their volume fractions. In contrast, there is no linear dependence of the thermal conductivity and the water content. Established computational models provide approximations for the thermal conductivity as a function of water content and other constraints such as temperature. However, for the additional determination of convective transport behavior, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention function, largely dependent on the tortuosity of the pore space, have to be determined simultaneously. Here, for the integrated study of soil mechanics, hydraulic and geothermal properties of unconsolidated rocks, a heat and temperature conductivity meter has been developed and patented. The device allows measurements of samples either under constant pressure of up to 7.6 Mpa which means soil compaction can be varied stepwise or it can be driven at a constant sample volume. The treatment temperatures of the soil samples can be varied from -10 to +80 ° C. Additionally to the parameters such as temperature, pressure, volume and water content, the capillary tension is recorded during the measurement. For the simultaneous study of water transport characteristics and the unsaturated conductivity of undisturbed unconsolidated rock samples, an evaporation test has been developed. It is equipped with a full-space line source to determine the thermal conductivity. This allows the simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity, water retention characteristics and hydraulic conductivity of a soil sample up to the air entry point of the ceramic tensiometer cap (approx. -780 hPa). The functionality of the equipment and methods has been validated and the devices were used for soil investigation in numerous projects. Determination of the design parameters of shallow geothermal systems and of the heat transfer of burried cables is thepurpose of the methods presented in this study. The data compile mathematical models for the thermo-physical parameters of soils. A mathematical function for calculating the thermal conductivity in dependence of the capillary tension is introduced here and the test results of geotechnical and geothermal soil parameters of sand, clay and silt are presented.
Intraspecific variability of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as biological control agent of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae [L.], Coleoptera, Curculionidae) adults

The efficacy of three strains (B30, B49 in 3162) of Steinernema feltiae to control adults of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) was tested in a laboratory experiment in 2009. The activity of entomopathogenic nematodes was assessed at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 infective juveniles/individual) and four different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 ? C). Results demonstrated that all strains acted most effective at 25 ? C and at highest concentration of nematode suspension, meanwhile the lowest mortality of rice weevil adults was attained at 30 ? C. The results of our research showed that at high concentrations entomopathogenic nematodes are an effective biological agent for controling the studied primary stored products pest.