Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of AI and IoT on Cloud Computing: Evolution, Technology, Future Research and Challenges

Cloud computing is being widely promoted as the following paradigms and business solutions to the problems that most enterprise Information Technology (IT). Today it plays an important role in modern society and allows a wide range of applications from the infrastructure of social networks such system must cope with the increasing use of various loads and reflects the dependence of the interaction and community automated computer systems while the satisfactory quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Cloud computing is beneficial to the owner of the company, as it eliminates the need for operators to plan ahead for the provision of resources, enabling organizations to start small and increase the resource only if there is an increased demand for services. To understand the current and future challenges of a system of this type, there is a need to identify the key technology for future applications. This work aims to study the history of computing and identify how the use of Artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of things (IoT) influence cloud computing in order to solve complex problems in the next generation of computing. In addition, the influence of new paradigms and technologies on Cloud Computing were identified and discussed with future research opportunities and an open challenge stand out. Furthermore, this article also provides a conceptual model for cloud futurologist to explore the influence that paradigms and emerging technologies to the evolution of cloud computing are proposed. Keywords: Cloud Computing; Paradigm; Information Technology; Internet of Things; Artificial Intelligence; Quality of Service. DOI : 10.7176/CEIS/10-7-03 Publication date: November 30th 2019
Seasonal and Spatial Changes in FDOM Compositions in the Continental Shelf Area of the East China Sea

Abstract The components, sources, and seasonal and spatial changes of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the continental shelf area of the East China Sea (ECS), were determined by excitation and emission matrices (EEM) spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The PARAFAC model identified four FDOM components from 234 samples in June and October 2014. The four components consisted of three terrestrial humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3) and one tryptophan-like component (C4). Based on the spatial and seasonal distributions, as well as their correlations with salinity, chlorophyll a (chl a), and apparent oxygen utilization, the following assignments were made: C1, C2, and C3 originated mainly from terrestrial inputs and could also be affected by phytoplankton and microbial activity; C4 was a result of allochthonous and autochthonous sources and was a biologically labile component. In most of the study area, the fluorescence intensities of FDOM were higher in June than in October. Terrestrial inputs, anthropogenic activity, and autochthonous sources could affect the seasonal and spatial variations of FDOM. Allochthonous sources were the main factors influencing FDOM in the continental shelf area of the ECS. The higher fluorescence index and lower humification index in June demonstrated that FDOM had increased autochthonous production and a lower degree of humification. The effect of photodegradation was also stronger in June.
The Aha! Moment: The Science Behind Creative Insights

Insight, often referred to as an “aha moment,” has been defined as a sudden, conscious change in a person’s representation of a stimulus, situation, event, or problem. Recent advances in neuroimaging technology and neurophysiological techniques have allowed researchers an opportunity to hone in on the neural cir-cuitry that governs insight, a phenomenon that has been theorized about by cognitive psychologists for over a century. Studies show that insight is not a sudden flash that comes from nowhere, but in fact is the result of the unconscious mind piecing together loosely connected bits of information stemming from prior knowledge and experiences and forming novel associations among them. This conceptualiza-tion of insight naturally gives rise to comparisons between insight and creativity. Creativity, however, involves many cognitive processes, occurring in many regions of the brain and thus cannot be laterally localized as insight can. Thus, creativity is not considered synonymous with insight; however, insight can certainly result in creative solutions during creative problem solving.
eIF2B bodies and their role in the integrated stress response

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) is a G protein comprised of 3 subunits (α, β and γ) that is critical for translation. It is tightly regulated in the integrated stress response (ISR) via the phosphorylation of its α subunit following the induction of cellular stress. In its phosphorylated form eIF2α inhibits the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), resulting in the attenuation of global protein synthesis. eIF2B is a multisubunit protein comprised of regulatory and catalytic subunits. The catalytic subunits are responsible for the GEF activity whereas the regulatory subunits mediate inhibition by phosphorylated eIF2α. Through studying the localisation of eIF2B subunits, cytoplasmic eIF2B bodies were identified in mammalian cells. A relationship between body size and the eIF2B subunits localising to them exists; larger bodies contain all subunits and smaller bodies contain predominantly catalytic subunits. eIF2 localises to eIF2B bodies and moves through these bodies in a manner that correlates with eIF2B GEF activity. Upon the induction of cellular stress phosphorylated eIF2α localises predominately to larger eIF2B bodies which contain regulatory subunits and a decrease in the movement of eIF2 through these bodies is observed. Interestingly, drugs that inhibit the ISR can rescue the movement of eIF2 through these eIF2B bodies, in a manner that correlates to cellular levels of phosphorylated eIF2α. In contrast, smaller eIF2B bodies, which contain predominately catalytic subunits, show increased movement of eIF2 during cellular stress. This increase in movement is accompanied by an increase in the localisation of eIF2Bδ to these bodies, suggesting the formation of a novel eIF2B subcomplex. This response is mimicked by ISR-inhibiting drugs, providing insight into their potential mechanisms of action. This study provides the first evidence that the composition and function of mammalian eIF2B bodies is regulated by the ISR and the drugs that control it.
The Blood Vasculature of the Retina Using Routine Segmentation

ABSTRACT Biomedical imaging has helped the medical practitioners to facilitate treatments faster and more accurate than conventional methods. Automated technologies suffice the default preprocessing and identification from the images of the retina and their vessel vascular network. Human retinal diseases, leading to blindness, will be identified by the segmentation of blood vessels to enhance the statistical accuracy of intra-retinal layer thickness. This proposal overcomes the drawbacks of traditional angiogram techniques by coloring the retinal paths by fluorescent dyes. From the obtained results, automated segmentation by using the proposed technique has improved then compared methodologies. Employing Gabor filters in the preprocessing functions, elimination of false positives is greatly achieved with some modifications. The followed processes divide the retinal images into linear and curvature segments after implying Gabor constraints to obtain a predicted trajectory of vessels. Limiting the major chances of false positives and better vessel construction in this automated proposal are proved and discussed.
Design and synthesis of a novel coumarin-based framework as a potential chemomarker of a neurotoxic insecticide, azamethiphos

Selective affinity of a novel coumarin-functionalized fluorescent sensor, 8-((E)-((thiophen-2-yl)methylimino)methyl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (L), to copper(II) ions via fluorescence quenching in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4 has been demonstrated. This coordination chemistry between the coumarin-based ligand L and copper(II) ions has been subsequently exploited for the generation of a unique chemical ensemble, L·Cu2+, which qualifies the former as a sensitive and selective fluorogenic sensor for the toxic organophosphate pesticide azamethiphos in aqueous medium. The sequestering of the native fluorescence of receptor probe L upon entrapment of copper(II) within the former was altered upon sequential administration of azamethiphos into the environment of the host complex, L·Cu2+. The physico-chemical interactions between the sensor complex L·Cu2+ and azamethiphos, as corroborated by 31P NMR studies and fluorescence spectroscopy, serve as the basis for ideal chemical discrimination of azamethiphos, amongst a pool of several ecotoxic organophosphate pesticides.
The Effect of Dosage Combination and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Survival Rate of Vannamei Shrimp Juveniles in Ponds

Vannamei shrimp production in Indonesia has experienced a rapid development in the last decade. One of the main problems in the cultivation of vannamei shrimp in ponds is the high use of artificial feed. This study aimed to examine the combination of feed dose and feeding frequency on the growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp farmed in ponds. Vannamei shrimp juveniles were kept in square floating net cages (1 m x 1 m x 1.5 m) called hapa suspended in the ponds. The feed formulation used corn flour substituted with 50% sweet potato flour as a carbohydrate source. The research used a factorial Completely Randomised Design (CRD). The first factor was the feed dose (3%, 6% and 9% of shrimp bodyweight) and the second factor was the feeding frequency (3, 4 and 5 times per day). There were 3 replicates of each combination of treatments giving a total of 27 experimental units. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results showed a significant influence of treatment applied on the growth and survival of juvenile vannamei shrimp. The highest daily growth rate of shrimp was 3.98% obtained with the 3% feed dose treatment combined with the feeding frequency of 4 times per day. The highest survival rate of vannamei shrimp was 80%, obtained with a combination of 3% feed dose and feeding frequencies of 3 and 4 times per day.
Domain segregated 3D chromatin structure and segmented DNA methylation in carcinogenesis

The three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure, together with DNA methylation and other epigenetic marks, profoundly affects gene expression and displays abnormal behaviors in cancer cells. We elucidated the chromatin architecture remodeling in carcinogenesis from the perspective of spatial interactions between CGI forest and prairie domains, which are two types of megabase-sized domains defined by different sequence features but show distinct epigenetic and transcriptional patterns. DNA sequence strongly affects chromosome spatial interaction, DNA methylation and gene expression. Globally, forests and prairies show enhanced spatial segregation in cancer cells and such structural changes are accordant with the alteration of CGI interactions and domain boundary insulation, which could affect vital cancer-related properties. As the cancer progresses, a gradual increase of the DNA methylation difference between the two types of DNA domains is also observed for many different types of cancers. These observations are consistent with the change of transcriptional level differences of genes in these two domains, suggesting a highly-connected global structural, epigenetic and transcriptional activity changes in carcinogenesis.
Intrusion Detection System for the MIL-STD-1553 Communication Bus

MIL-STD-1553 is a military standard that defines the specification of a serial communication bus that has been implemented in military and aerospace avionic platforms for over 40 years. MIL-STD-1553 was designed for a high level of fault tolerance while less attention was paid to cyber security issues. Thus, as indicated in recent studies, it is exposed to various threats. In this article, we suggest enhancing the security of MIL-STD-1553 communication buses by integrating a machine learning-based intrusion detection system (IDS); such an IDS will be capable of detecting cyber attacks in real time. The IDS consists of two modules: 1) a remote terminal (RT) authentication module that detects illegitimately connected components and data transfers and 2) a sequence-based anomaly detection module that detects anomalies in the operation of the system. The IDS showed high detection rates for both normal and abnormal behavior when evaluated in a testbed using real 1553 hardware, as well as a very fast and accurate training process using logs from a real system. The RT authentication module managed to authenticate RTs with +0.99 precision and +0.98 recall; and detect illegitimate component (or a legitimate component that impersonates other components) with +0.98 precision and +0.99 recall. The sequence-based anomaly detection module managed to perfectly detect both normal and abnormal behavior. Moreover, the sequence-based anomaly detection module managed to accurately (i.e., zero false positives) model the normal behavior of a real system in a short period of time ($\sim$22 s).
From Scan Strategy to Melt Pool Prediction: A Neighboring-Effect Modeling Method

The quality of additive manufacturing (AM) built parts is highly correlated to the melt pool characteristics. Hence, melt pool monitoring and control can potentially improve the AM part quality. This paper presents a neighboring-effect modeling method (NBEM) that uses a scan strategy to predict melt pool size. The prediction model can further assist in scan strategy optimization and real-time process control. The structure of the proposed model is formulated based on the physical principles of melt pool formation, while experimental data are used to identify the optimal coefficients. Compared to the traditional power-velocity prediction models, the NBEM model introduces the cumulative neighboring-effect factors as additional input variables. These factors represent the neighborhood impact of scan path on the focal point melt pool formation from time and distance perspective. Two experiments use different scan strategies to collect in situ measurements of the melt pool size for model construction and validation. By introducing the neighboring-effect factors, the global normalized root-mean-square Error (NRMSE) is improved from around 0.10 to 0.08. More importantly, the local NRMSE of irregular melt pool area prediction is improved to around 0.15 for more than 50% improvement. The case studies verify that the proposed method can predict the melt pool variations by seamlessly integrating scan strategy considerations.
Extraction of texture features from medical images: osteoarthritis cases review

Texture features of osteoarthritis quantitatively represent patterns of interest in image analysis and interpretation in medicine. Texture features can widely vary so that the analysis can lead to interpretation errors and undesirable consequences. In such cases, finding of informative features becomes problematic. In medical imaging, the texture features of bones were useful for representing variations in patterns of pixel intensity, which were correlated with pathological chan-ges. In this paper, we review existing approaches to extracting the texture features and conclude on usability, including machine learning.
Measurement of Mental Workload Changes during Laparoscopy with a Visual-Spatial Task

A visual-spatial secondary task was used as a measure of mental workload during the performance of a simulated laparoscopic surgical task. Task demands were manipulated by an increase in the degree of camera angle. NASA-TLX scores were used to corroborate changes in task demands. Results indicated that performance on the visual-spatial secondary task decreased with the increase in task demands associated with the increase in camera angle. NASA-TLX scores were consistent with the performance measures revealing that participants felt the laparoscopic task was more demanding when camera angle increased. The use of similar workload assessment methods may allow for more accurate estimates of the mental demands imposed by laparoscopy. These results show that the spatial secondary task used in this study can provide an objective index of mental workload that can complement traditional measures.
Bronchoalveolar Wash: Proposal of a Cutting Point for Lactate Dehydrogenase in the Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Diseases

Background: The analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is of great clinical utility in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases (PDs). The cytological study (total and differential cell count) performed routinely in these samples, has a high orientative power and is diagnostic in some cases. The study of soluble substances has provided little information. This study aimed to determine the cut-off point of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the diagnosis of different lung diseases. Methods: Two hundred forty-three BALs were selected from a total of 306 patients with a single respiratory disease: acute pneumonia due to common germs (NCG, n = 126), tuberculosis (TB, n = 20), mycotic pneumonia (MN, n = 12, N = 37) and interstitial diseases (IDs, n = 48). Cytological study and measurement of LDH activity were performed. The mean, standard deviation, sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp) and Youden index (YI) of this enzyme were determined. Student’s parametric and non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests were done (P < 0.05: significant). Results: Comparing the means and standard deviations of LDH in the different PDs, a significant increase of this parameter was observed in the NCG compared to the other PDs: NCG vs. TB (P = 0.003); MN, MD and ID (P < 0.0001). Based on these significant differences observed, the cut-off point for LDH in NCG was evaluated. Different values were analyzed: LDH: ≥ 150 IU/L with S: 70%, Sp: 85% and YI: 0.55; ≥ 130 IU/L with S: 77%, Sp: 80% and YI: 0.57; ≥ 120 IU/L with S: 80%, Sp: 77% and YI: 0.57 and ≥ 100 IU/L with S: 86%, Sp: 74% and YI: 0.60. Conclusions: It is proposed to perform the measurement of LDH activity for the differential diagnosis of NCG in the PD, since its mean value was significantly higher than the rest of the PD, using a cut-off point of LDH ≥ 100 IU/L; it showed a higher S and YI for the diagnosis of NCG screening. Increased LDH activity in NCG could be associated with the high number of leukocytes present in this pathology, superior to the rest of the PD. Measurement of LDH activity along with cell count would contribute to the diagnosis of PD. Clin Infect Immun. 2017;2(1):1-4 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cii60e
Revisiting obligatory relatives in German

Abstract In the literature on relative clauses (e. g. Alexiadou et al. 2000: 4), it is occasionally observed that the German complex definite determiner d-jenige (roughly ‘the one’) must share company with a restrictive relative clause, in contrast to bare determiners der/die/das (Roehrs 2006: 213–215; Gunkel 2006; Gunkel 2007). Previous works such as Sternefeld (2008: 378–379) and Blümel (2011) treat the relative clause as a complement of D to account for its mandatory occurrence. While such syntactic analyses have intuitive appeal, they pose problems for a compositional semantic analysis. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we report on two rating studies providing empirical evidence for the obligatoriness of relative clauses in German DPs introduced by the complex determiner d-jenige. Secondly, following Simonenko (2014, 2015), we provide an analysis of the phenomenon at the syntax-semantics interface that captures familiar (Blümel 2011) as well as novel related observations. Particularly, the analysis accounts for the facts that postnominal modifiers can figure in d-jenige-DPs and that the element can have anaphoric demonstrative pronominal uses.
Intelligent method of customs inspection platform based on machine vision

In the existing customs inspection, the inspection of outbound goods includes recording the arrival time of containers, opening and closing of containers, and the departure time of containers. This method takes a lot of time to manually record the relevant information of each container and manually input it to the server. This paper presents an intelligent method of customs inspection platform based on machine vision, through the analysis of collected video information processing, the inspection of each node in the process of time, behavior, such as digital processing, database, automatically record each inspection position of the box, opening time, sorting, inspection, packing, closing time, leaving time, behavior, compliance and other information. It greatly improves the efficiency and safety of container inspection and avoids the random and uncertain behavior of manual record. This system can automatically record the dynamic changes of containers in the storage yard in real time without anyone participating, improve the digitization and accuracy of the information of container state changes, reduce the working intensity of customs personnel, and reduce the working risks of personnel in the storage yard.