Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Youth Cannabis Use: Alterations in Executive Control, Social Cognition/Emotion Processing, and Reward Processing in Cannabis Using Youth

Background: Adolescent cannabis use (CU) is associated with adverse health outcomes and may be increasing in response to changing cannabis laws. Recent imaging studies have identified differences in brain activity between adult CU and controls that are more prominent in early onset users. Whether these differences are present in adolescent CU and relate to age/developmental stage, sex, or cannabis exposure is unknown. Methods: A systematic review and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analysis were conducted to examine differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during fMRI studies between CU and non-using typically developing (TD) youth. Supplemental analyses investigated differences in BOLD signal in CU and TD youth as a function of sex, psychiatric comorbidity, and the dose and severity of cannabis exposure. Results: From 1371 citations, 45 fMRI studies were identified for inclusion in the SDM meta-analysis. These studies compared BOLD response contrasts in 1216 CU and 1486 non-using TD participants. In primary meta-analyses stratified by cognitive paradigms, CU (compared to TD) youth showed greater activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and decreased activation in the dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during executive control and social cognition/emotion processing, respectively. In meta-regression analyses and subgroup meta-analyses, sex, cannabis use disorder (CUD) severity, and psychiatric comorbidity were correlated with brain activation differences between CU and TD youth in mPFC and insular cortical regions. Activation differences in the caudate, thalamus, insula, dmPFC/dACC, and precentral and postcentral gyri varied as a function of the length of abstinence. Conclusions: Using an SDM meta-analytic approach, this report identified differences in neuronal response between CU and TD youth during executive control, emotion processing, and reward processing in cortical and subcortical brain regions that varied as a function of sex, CUD severity, psychiatric comorbidity, and length of abstinence. Whether aberrant brain function in CU youth is attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrants further investigation.
Additions to the Knowledge of the Genus Pezicula (Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycota) in China

Simple Summary Species of the genus Pezicula are endophytes, phytopathogens, or saprobes, and some of them have biocontrol potential, promoting plant growth and resistance to environmental stress. The species diversity of Pezicula in China was reviewed. Two new species (P. ellipsoids and P. fusispora) and two new Chinese records (P. acericola and P. carpinea) were discovered using morphological and molecular approaches. Descriptions and illustrations of macroscopic and microscopic features were provided for the new and newly found taxa. Pezicula aurantiaca was excluded from the fungal catalogue of China. Together with the previously reported taxa (P. cinnamomea, P. ericae, P. heterochroma, P. magnispora, P. melanigena, P. neosporulosa, P. ocellata, P. rhizophila, P. cf. rubi, and P. subcarnea), 14 Pezicula species are currently known from China. The results provide updated information and improve our understanding of the genus. Abstract We describe two new species of Pezicula (Dermateaceae, Ascomycota), P. ellipsoides and P. fusispora, which are discovered in China. Pezicula ellipsoides sp. nov. is distinct in producing 2–3 stipitate apothecia on a basal stroma with a light yellow hymenium, broadly ellipsoid 0–1(–2)-septate ascospores, and divergent DNA sequence data. Pezicula fusispora sp. nov. is characterized by sessile apothecia, 0.3–0.8 mm in diam, a yellowish hymenium, J+ asci 135–170 × 15–21 μm, multiseptate ascospores, 33–48 × 7–10.3 μm, and growing on rotten bamboo. In addition, Pezicula acericola and P. carpinea are reported for the first time from China, and 11 Pezicula species previously reported from China are reviewed and briefly noted, of which one was a misidentified species. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS nrDNA sequences confirm the placement of P. ellipsoides and P. cinnamomea in the genus Pezicula.
DNA Barcoding of Chironomid Larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Large Rivers in South Korea to Facilitate Freshwater Biomonitoring and Public Health Surveillance

Chironomid larvae are among the dominant benthic macroinvertebrates in all types of water systems in South Korea. They may pass through pipes in rivers (raw water) and occur in drinking water, thus creating public health issues. However, little is known about the larval stages of chironomids in large South Korean rivers. Therefore, we examined larval–adult associations in chironomids inhabiting major rivers used as water sources. The larvae were collected in 2015 and 2016 from nine locations along the four largest rivers in South Korea using a Ponar grab. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were generated from the larval specimens, and the species were identified by comparing these sequences to those in a newly constructed DNA barcode library of Chironomidae in South Korea. The samples from the four rivers yielded 61 mitochondrial COI sequences belonging to 18 species, including Hydrobaenus kondoi Saether, 1989, which was reported for the first time in the Korean Peninsula. Further, morphological identification of the larvae was conducted, and a pictorial taxonomic key to Chironomidae species in large rivers in South Korea was developed to facilitate freshwater biomonitoring research. Finally, an action flow chart was created for the rapid identification of chironomid larvae in infested drinking water or water purification facilities.
“They Don’t Care About You”: Exploring Socioemotional Barriers in School Settings for Black, Trauma-Exposed Boys

The study explores how a sample of trauma-exposed, Black boys experience their school environment and socioemotionally navigate barriers in their school setting. A content analysis was completed on focus group data collected from ten Black boys at a high school in an urban setting. Content was reviewed under the constructivist-interpretivist epistemology, using an empowerment theoretical framework. Findings included the following themes: (1) Teachers Change Your Moods—conflictual relationships with teachers negatively impacted their mood; (2) They’ll Switch Up on You in a Half Second—interactions with classmates (e.g., social posturing or physical touch) could also be a barrier to their success; (3) When I’m Having a Bad Moment—descriptions of how they cope with challenging experiences in school; and (4) Tell Me Why This is Useful—instructional and relational suggestions for school staff to improve their learning environment. Implications for school policy and practice are discussed.
WATER FRACTIONS IN EXTRASOLAR PLANETESIMALS

With the goal of using externally polluted white dwarfs to investigate the water fractions of extrasolar planetesimals, we assemble from the literature a sample that we estimate to be more than 60% complete of DB white dwarfs warmer than 13,000 K, more luminous than 3 × 10−3 L☉, and within 80 pc of the Sun. When considering all the stars together, we find that the summed mass accretion rate of heavy atoms exceeds that of hydrogen by over a factor of 1000. If so, this sub-population of extrasolar asteroids treated as an ensemble has little water and is at least a factor of 20 drier than CI chondrites, the most primitive meteorites. Furthermore, while an apparent “excess” of oxygen in a single DB can be interpreted as evidence that the accreted material originated in a water-rich parent body, we show that at least in some cases, there can be sufficient uncertainties in the time history of the accretion rate that such an argument may be ambiguous. Regardless of the difficulty associated with interpreting the results from an individual object, our analysis of the population of polluted DBs provides indirect observational support for the theoretical view that a snow line is important in disks where rocky planetesimals form.
Make Life Simple: Unleash the Full Power of the Parallel Tempering Algorithm

We introduce a new update scheme to systematically improve the efficiency of parallel tempering simulations. We show that, by adapting the number of sweeps between replica exchanges to the canonical autocorrelation time, the average round-trip time of a replica in temperature space can be significantly decreased. The temperatures are not dynamically adjusted as in previous attempts but chosen to yield a 50% exchange rate of adjacent replicas. We illustrate the new algorithm with results for the Ising model in two and the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass in three dimensions.
The abundance of iron in the Sun derived from photospheric Fe II lines

Les abondances solaires en fer sont determinees a partir des mesures de raies Fe II photospheriques, realisees lors d'une experience de cathode creuse, avec un modele d'atmosphere standard. Le rapport d'abondance Fe/Si est en accord avec la valeur meteoritique trouvee dans les chondrites C1. Les differences entre les abondances en Fe I et Fe II solaires sont analysees.
Criticality of a 237Np Sphere

Abstract A series of critical-mass experiments using a 6-kg neptunium sphere was performed on the Planet vertical-assembly machine at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The purpose of the experiments was to obtain a better estimate of the critical mass of 237Np. The configurations that were studied included surrounding the neptunium sphere with highly enriched uranium (HEU) shells as well as reflecting it with iron and polyethylene. An additional experiment using a 4.5-kg α-phase plutonium sphere surrounded with HEU was performed to demonstrate how well the computer transport code and the existing cross-section data for uranium and plutonium could reproduce the experiment. For some of the configurations, the prompt-neutron decay constants at delayed critical were measured. These experiments provided an integral measurement of the cross sections for 237Np in the fast-energy and possibly in the intermediate-energy regions. The measured keff from these experiments was compared with the calculated keff from the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code using ENDF/B-V and ENDF/B-VI and cross-section data evaluated by the Nuclear Theory and Applications group (T-16) at LANL. In all the neptunium experiments, the calculated keff values based on ENDF/B-VI data were ~1% lower than the experimental keff. After adjusting the cross sections for neptunium and 235U to match the bare neptunium/HEU experiment as well as Godiva keff criticality and spectra indexes, the MCNP code yielded a value of 57 ± 4 kg for the bare critical mass of 237Np.
Occurrence and potential mechanism of holin-mediated non-lytic protein translocation in bacteria

Holins are generally believed to generate large membrane lesions that permit the passage of endolysins across the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes, ultimately resulting in cell wall degradation and cell lysis. However, there are more and more examples known for non-lytic holin-dependent secretion of proteins by bacteria, indicating that holins somehow can transport proteins without causing large membrane lesions. Phage-derived holins can be used for a non-lytic endolysin translocation to permeabilize the cell wall for the passage of secreted proteins. In addition, clostridia, which do not possess the Tat pathway for transport of folded proteins, most likely employ non-lytic holin-mediated transport also for secretion of toxins and bacteriocins that are incompatible with the general Sec pathway. The mechanism for non-lytic holin-mediated transport is unknown, but the recent finding that the small holin TpeE mediates a non-lytic toxin secretion in Clostridium perfringens opened new perspectives. TpeE contains only one short transmembrane helix that is followed by an amphipathic helix, which is reminiscent of TatA, the membrane-permeabilizing component of the Tat translocon for folded proteins. Here we review the known cases of non-lytic holin-mediated transport and then focus on the structural and functional comparison of TatA and TpeE, resulting in a mechanistic model for holin-mediated transport. This model is strongly supported by a so far not recognized naturally occurring holin-endolysin fusion protein.
Improving Street View Image Classification Using Pre-trained CNN Model Extracted Features

This paper presents a new approach for the challenging problem of image geo-localization using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This latter has become the state-of-the-art technique in computer vision and machine learning, particularly in location recognition of images taken in urban environments where the recognition accuracy is very impressive. We cast this task as a classification problem. First, we extract features from images by using pre-trained CNN model AlexNet as a feature extraction tool; where the output of the fully connected layer is considered as the feature representation. Then, the features extracted from the fully connected layer can be used for the classification process by feeding them into the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. We evaluated the proposed approach on a data set of Google Street View images (GSV); the experimental results show that our approach can improve the classification by achieving a good accuracy rate which is 94.19%.
Band structure of tetragonal and orthorhombic fluorine-arsenide SrFeAsF as a parent phases for a new group of oxygen-free FeAs superconductors

The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method with the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange and correlation potential (LAPW-GGA) is used to understand the electronic band structure of fluorine-arsenide SrFeAsF as a possible parent material for a new group of oxygen-free FeAs superconductors. The electronic bands, density of states, Fermi surface and atomic charges have been evaluated and discussed for high-temperature tetragonal and low-temperature orthorhombic SrFeAsF phases.
The Other Dimension—Tuning Hole Extraction via Nanorod Width

Solar-to-hydrogen generation is a promising approach to generate clean and renewable fuel. Nanohybrid structures such as CdSe@CdS-Pt nanorods were found favorable for this task (attaining 100% photon-to-hydrogen production efficiency); yet the rods cannot support overall water splitting. The key limitation seems to be the rate of hole extraction from the semiconductor, jeopardizing both activity and stability. It is suggested that hole extraction might be improved via tuning the rod’s dimensions, specifically the width of the CdS shell around the CdSe seed in which the holes reside. In this contribution, we successfully attain atomic-scale control over the width of CdSe@CdS nanorods, which enables us to verify this hypothesis and explore the intricate influence of shell diameter over hole quenching and photocatalytic activity towards H2 production. A non-monotonic effect of the rod’s diameter is revealed, and the underlying mechanism for this observation is discussed, alongside implications towards the future design of nanoscale photocatalysts.
A development and preliminary validation of the brief version of the Japanese Academic and Athletic Identity Scale

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a brief version of the Japanese Academic and Athletic Identity Scale (AAIS-JB), which would enable the survey to be easily conducted online nationwide in Japan. In addition, this study determined the centrality of academic and athletic identities in the elite student-athletes with scholarships and the sub-elite student-athletes with no scholarships. Participants (n = 1009) consisted of student-athletes from 20 universities (5 districts) in Japan, of which 560 were elite athletes (i.e. receiving scholarships) and 449 were sub-elite athletes (i.e. not receiving scholarships). Results showed content validity, factorial validity, and reliability of the brief version of the AAIS-JB. Both athletic and academic identities were significantly higher for the elite student-athletes than for the sub-elite student-athletes. Differences between the elite and sub-elite student-athletes provide important insights into the further development of intercollegiate sports in Japan. Sports administrators and the coaching staffs engaged with student-athletes can support student-athletes by understanding more about the dominant dimensions of their identity to maximize its positive impact on student-athletes.
Insulation Resistance Measurement of Airport Navigational Lighting System Based on Deep Learning and Transfer Learning

The insulation resistance value is one of the important indexes for the safe operation of airport navigational lighting system. In this paper, a method based on deep learning and transfer learning is proposed to measure the insulation resistance value. To reduce the influence of high voltage environment and signal injection on the measurement accuracy, a multilayer LSTM model is established, in which the network convergence rate is accelerated by introducing a normalized layer in front of the first LSTM layer. Based on the constructed deep network, transfer learning is employed by sharing the weight parameters of the pretraining model to solve the problem of small data sample. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the insulation resistance value.
Untying cable by combining 3D deep neural network with deep reinforcement learning

In this study, we propose a framework to solve the cable traction problem where many cables are needed, such as in factories, schools, etc. Our framework is divided into three stages: First, we use SegNet to recognize the cable in the image, build a 3D voxel model by 3D-VAE-GAN, and transform the voxel model to a 3D particle model in Unity3D by the Position-Based Dynamics method. Second, features learned by a 3D deep neural network (PointNet++) from the 3D model are fed into a deep reinforcement learning (RL) network (DQN) to get a series of actions to untie the 3D cable model in Unity3D. Finally, we input the action sequence to the robot arm to untie the cable in the real world. Experimental results show that compared with traditional methods, our method has successfully applied artificial intelligence algorithms to help the computer learn how to untie knotted cables by itself in the virtual world. The untying operations learned in the virtual world can be also used to untie the cable in the real world. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Tracing Translational Footprint by Ribo-Seq: Principle, Workflow, and Applications to Understand the Mechanism of Human Diseases

RNA-seq has been widely used as a high-throughput method to characterize transcript dynamic changes in a broad context, such as development and diseases. However, whether RNA-seq-estimated transcriptional dynamics can be translated into protein level changes is largely unknown. Ribo-seq (Ribosome profiling) is an emerging technology that allows for the investigation of the translational footprint via profiling ribosome-bounded mRNA fragments. Ribo-seq coupled with RNA-seq will allow us to understand the transcriptional and translational control of the fundamental biological process and human diseases. This review focuses on discussing the principle, workflow, and applications of Ribo-seq to study human diseases.
An electromagnetic wave-transparent model based on plain fabric structural features

Plain fabric structure was analyzed and a predictive model of electromagnetic wave transmission was firstly constructed based on the weighted average method and equations of yarn curved surface, which can be used to predict the wave-transparency of plain fabrics. This model explains that the pitch, porosity, yarn cross-section and thickness of plain fabrics have a mathematical relationship with electromagnetic wave transmission. Five different parameters of S-2 glass fiber plain fabrics were tested in the range of 1∼18 GHz. Wave transmissions were positively correlated with the pitch, porosity and yarn cross-section. Wave transmissions were negatively correlated with thickness. The transmission trends of simulation and measurement were consistent with theoretical results, which proved the correctness of the proposed model.
Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things: Revolutionizing the implementation of Customer Relationship Management

Customer centricity is a buzzword today, and organizations use the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system to practice the same. Using technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) with CRM systems has enabled organizations to be in continuous touch with customers, track their movements, collect data to analyze their buying patterns, product usage patterns, and most importantly analyzing why customers shift loyalty. Implementation of AI and IoT has changed the whole concept of CRM, making it a real-time data analytics tool. With the increased usage of internet services and intense competition among organizations, the key to success would be the ability to predict customers' moves before they even make the same. This qualitative study's objective is to find how AI. Machine Language (ML) as a subset of AI, and IoT has changed the way industry uses CRM systems with the help of a live industry case. Based on the study, the authors have proposed a model also which can be empirically tested.
Incentives for Combining Structure and Process Quality to Improve Outcome in Rheumatic Treatment

The study investigates the effects of multidisciplinary treatment for rheumatic treatment regarding (a) financial feasibility based on costs/remuneration in comparison to conventional treatment and (b) Patient reported outcome measures (Proms) to check for effectiveness. For (a), cost data and remuneration with and without multimodal rheumatologic complex treatment (MRCT) is analysed, including cost types. The database encompasses 18,794 treatment cases. For (b), a case study with retrospective patient data analysis (N = 375, all treated in a specialized German hospital) regarding self-reported quality of life and physical functions is carried out for subjects receiving MRCT. While conventional treatment is fully covered, MRCT is only incentivized for cases with long in-patient treatment, so financial feasibility for hospitals is limited. Patients with MRCT reported significant improvements in quality of life (p < .001; Nottingham Health Profile) as well as in physical functions (Functional Questionnaire Hannover [FFbH], p < .001) at discharge compared to admission. As short-term MRCT is not fully remunerated, less severe cases may not receive adequate care. Financial incentives should at least cover the costs incentivize the offer and thus ensure patient access to MRCT. Measuring the outcomes of the treatment process by means of Proms can contribute to the internal quality management. It also offers an inter-institutional benchmark to service providers, which can be used as a basis for performing comparative quality measurements and researching effectiveness.
Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Longwave Infrared Ge Microresonator at 8 μm

Achieving low-loss optical microresonators at longwave infrared (LWIR) frequencies could portend new developments in integrated nonlinear optics and sensing on a chip. We report on the realization of a germanium (Ge) whispering gallery mode microresonator from a non-epitaxial fabrication process using high-quality Ge material. By coupling the output of a QCL at 7.8 um into a partially suspended Ge-on-glass waveguide, an intrinsic quality factor (Q) of 2.5 ×105 is reported. [1] Compared with previous studies, our work shows the importance and great promise of maintaining high-quality materials for integrated photonics at LWIR.