Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model constraints on the anthropogenic carbon budget of the Arctic Ocean

Abstract. The Arctic Ocean is projected to experience not only amplified climate change but also amplified ocean acidification. Modeling future acidification depends on our ability to simulate baseline conditions and changes over the industrial era. Such centennial-scale changes require a global model to account for exchange between the Arctic and surrounding regions. Yet the coarse resolution of typical global models may poorly resolve that exchange as well as critical features of Arctic Ocean circulation. Here we assess how simulations of Arctic Ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon (Cant), the main driver of open-ocean acidification, differ when moving from coarse to eddy-admitting resolution in a global ocean-circulation–biogeochemistry model (Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean, NEMO; Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies, PISCES). The Arctic's regional storage of Cant is enhanced as model resolution increases. While the coarse-resolution model configuration ORCA2 (2∘) stores 2.0 Pg C in the Arctic Ocean between 1765 and 2005, the eddy-admitting versions ORCA05 and ORCA025 (1∕2∘ and 1∕4∘) store 2.4 and 2.6 Pg C. The difference in inventory between model resolutions that is accounted for is only from their divergence after 1958, when ORCA2 and ORCA025 were initialized with output from the intermediate-resolution configuration (ORCA05). The difference would have been larger had all model resolutions been initialized in 1765 as was ORCA05. The ORCA025 Arctic Cant storage estimate of 2.6 Pg C should be considered a lower limit because that model generally underestimates observed CFC-12 concentrations. It reinforces the lower limit from a previous data-based approach (2.5 to 3.3 Pg C). Independent of model resolution, there was roughly 3 times as much Cant that entered the Arctic Ocean through lateral transport than via the flux of CO2 across the air–sea interface. Wider comparison to nine earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) reveals much larger diversity of stored Cant and lateral transport. Only the CMIP5 models with higher lateral transport obtain Cant inventories that are close to the data-based estimates. Increasing resolution also enhances acidification, e.g., with greater shoaling of the Arctic's average depth of the aragonite saturation horizon during 1960–2012, from 50 m in ORCA2 to 210 m in ORCA025. Even higher model resolution would likely further improve such estimates, but its prohibitive costs also call for other more practical avenues for improvement, e.g., through model nesting, addition of coastal processes, and refinement of subgrid-scale parameterizations.
Infrequent Large Nominal Devaluations and Their Impact on the Futures Prices for Foreign Exchange in Brazil

This paper discusses the behavior of futures prices for foreign exchange in Brazil during a period of high inflation and successive stabilization attempts (1989-92). After testing for futures prices unbiasedness and predicability by applying the Generalized Method of Moments, the paper argues that the finding of excess returns may be viewed as a rational response to the frequent and unpredictable changes in the exchange rate policy during that period. This response could reflect (i) an informational problem where the exchange rate policy is assumed to be unknown; or, (ii) a "peso" problem of rational (under) overprediction where the futures bias is the market response to the known policy of infrequent large nominal devaluations. The second line of explanation is suggested by conditioning the probability distribution of the excess return of futures contracts on the event of a major devaluation.
Towards sustainable logistics: study of alternative delivery facets

The Courier, Express and Parcel services (CEP) sector is a constant growing one. The changes concerning e-commerce have impact in the industry which is looking for solution. This research, based on a web survey with 1019 computer assisted web interviews, presents e-commerce customer expectations in alternative delivery time frames and considers the impacts in the last mile of attended home delivery, reception boxes and collection-and-delivery points. The analysed alternative delivery time frames are Express delivery within 3 hours, evening delivery, Saturday delivery, Sunday delivery and customer selected time frame. Within these the focus is on e-commerce purchase habits, frequency of purchase, products, time of purchase, interest in alternative delivery time frames, usage or preferences and finally the willingness to pay for an alternative delivery. The results show a tendency of more than two thirds towards consumer selected delivery time frame, Saturday delivery and evening delivery, which is accompanied by easy accessible Reception Boxes (RBs). The research study also performs regression analysis and finds a significant impact of Alternative Delivery Time Frame (ADTF), and Delivery Methods (DM) on customerâ€™s willingness to pay.
Limits of uncertainty about estimates of probability of ecological events

8 Probability (P ) of binomial event is a commonly estimated quantity in ecol9 ogy. Recently, interest has moved to estimation and communication of the 10 associated uncertainty about the estimates of P . Here I use the principle 11 of maximum entropy to introduce truncated exponential probability density 12 function f(P ) on a closed interval [0,1] that gives expectation of the uncer13 tainty, given that the only information we have is a single-number estimate 14 Psingle, which I assume to represent mean μ of an unknown probability density 15 distribution of P . This expectation puts an upper bound on the maximum 16 uncertainty about P . I also present the associated cumulative distribution 17 function, quantile function, and random number generator. I demonstrate 18 the MaxEnt f(P ) on a species distribution model predicting probability of a 19 species’ occurrence on a geographic map. The MaxEnt f(P ) presented here 20 ∗E-mail: pkeil@seznam.cz 1 PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi. org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 446v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | received: 21 Jul 2014, published: 21 Jul P re P rin ts can be used to make conservative probabilistic statements about probability 21 statements, and it can be used as an alternative to beta distribution, and as 22 the least informative prior distribution of P in Bayesian modelling. 23 24
Does Financial Crisis Affect the Cost of Equity Estimation? Evidence from the Tunisian Stock Exchange

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of the recent financial crisis on equity cost estimation. We use a data of a 22 firms listed in the Tunisian stock market during the period from July 2006 to June 2011. The choice of this period is motivated by the occurrence of the financial crisis of October 2008, which divides the period into two equal sub-periods. In the first stage, we make abstraction to the crisis impact and we run the three specifications of the cost of equity: the CAPM, the Fama -French three factor model and The Carhart four-factor model. Empirical results confirm the explanatory power of the three specifications in the context of the Tunisian market. We also confirm the existence of a size effect, a book to market effect and a momentum effect. In the second stage, we show that the presence of financial crisis does not affect the cost of equity. However, we note a decrease in the coefficients of the explanatory variable after introducing the dummy crisis variable.
Nutritive value of jumbo grass (Sorghum bicolour Sorghum sudanefe) silage in lactating nili-ravi buffaloes

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of Jambo grass (Sorghum bicolour Sorghum sudanefe) silage as a replacement of conventional fodder (Jambo grass; JG) in the diet of lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Jumbo grass was ensiled with molasses (at 2% of fodder DM) on large scale in bunker silos for 30 days. Two experimental iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets were formulated with 75:25% of forage to concentrate ratio on DM basis that contained 75% of JG fodder or silage and 25% concentrate. Twenty early lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes were divided into two equal groups and fed experimental diets for 60 days at ad libitum. First 10 days were given for adaptation to new diets and the rest 50 days for sample collection. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded for each animal. Milk samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), fat, solids not fat, total solids and non-protein nitrogen. During last week of the study, a digestibility trial was conducted. The acid insoluble ash was used as digestibility marker. Intakes of dry matter (DMI), CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were higher in animals fed control diet than those fed Jambo grass silage (JGS) diet. A significant difference among experimental diets for DMI may be due to the presence of fermentation products in ensiled material that might have depressed the intake in silage based diets. The apparent DM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities were non-significantly different between both experimental diets, showing a trivial loss of nutrients during silage making. Milk yield (4% FCM) and its composition did not show any treatment effect. The present results indicated that JG ensiled with 2% molasses for 30 days could safely replace the conventional fresh Jumbo grass fodder in the diet of lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes without affecting their milk yield.
Garnet-biotite geothermometry revised: New Margules parameters and a natural specimen data set from Maine

The gamet-biotite geothermometer lias been recalibrated using recently obtained Mar- gules parameters for iron-magnesium-calcium garnet. Mn interactions in garnet, and Al interactions in biotite. as well as the Fe oxidation state of both minerals. Fe-Mg and ΔWAl Margules parameters for biotite have been retrieved by combining experimental results on [6]Al-free and [6]Ahbearing biotite using statistical methods. Margules parameters, per mole of biotite are WBt MgFe= 40 719 - 30T J/mole, ΔWBtAl = WBtFeAl - WBtMgAl = 210190 - 245.40 T J/mole, ΔWBtTi = WBtFeTi - WBtMgTi = 310990 - 370.397 T/mole. Based on this model, the exchange reaction ΔH is 41952 J/mol and ΔS is 10.35 J/(K mol). Estimated uncertainty for this geothermometer is 25 °C. This geothermometer was tested on two data sets. The first consisted of 98 specimens containing garnet and biotite from west-central Maine, which formed under reducing fO₂, with graphite, a limited range of P (∼3 to 4.5 kbar). and a moderate range in T (∼550-650 °C). and which were all analyzed on a single microprobe using the same standards. Results indicate that the Maine staurolite zone averages 574 °C compared with 530 °C previously calculated and that the muscovite-breakdown T is consistent with experimental data. The second set consisted of cordierite-garnet granulites without hyperstliene from Ontario. Results here suggest an average T of 662 °C. compared with significantly lower or higher Ts calculated from other geothermometers. This model reproduces the Perchuk and Lavrent‘eva (1983) experimental Ts with a standard deviation of 12 °C and discriminates the assemblages in the Maine data set better than other models.
Blind Signal Processing in Telecommunication Systems Based on Polynomial Statistics

The tendencies of the contemporary communication systems development are characterized by the increasingly stringent requirements for maximum channel utilization. Considering discrete communication systems in channels with intersymbol interference identification with the use of training signal is the key technology to create various types of equalizers. However, the time (from 20% to 50%) spent on training signal is increasingly attractive resource for upgrading standards TDMA, especially in mobile systems. An alternative method to training signal is blind signal processing.
Structure and tectonics of the central Chilean margin (31°–33°S): implications for subduction erosion and shallow crustal seismicity

The pre- and current collision of the Juan Fernandez Ridge with the central Chilean margin at 31°–33°S is characterized by large-scale crustal thinning and long-term subsidence of the submarine forearc caused by subduction erosion processes. Here, we study the structure of the central Chilean margin in the ridge–trench collision zone by using wide-angle and multichannel seismic data. The transition from the upper to middle continental slope is defined by a trenchward dipping normal scarp with variable offsets of 500–2000 m height. Beneath the scarp, the 2-D velocity–depth models show a prominent lateral velocity contrast of >1 s−1 that propagates deep into the continental crust defining a major lateral seismic discontinuity. The discontinuity is interpreted as the lithological contact between the subsided/collapsed outermost forearc (composed of eroded and highly fractured volcanic rocks) and the seaward part of the uplifted Coastal Cordillera (made of less fractured metamorphic/igneous rocks). Extensional faults are abundant in the collapsed outermost forearc, however, landward of the continental slope scarp, both extensional and compressional structures are observed along the uplifted continental shelf that forms part of the Coastal Cordillera. Particularly, at the landward flank of the Valparaiso Forearc Basin (32°–33.5°S), shallow crustal seismicity has been recorded in 2008–2009 forming a dense cluster of thrust events of Mw 4–5. The estimated hypocentres spatially correlate with the location of the fault scarp, and they highlight the upper part of the seismic crustal discontinuity.
A new species of Casmaria H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (Gastropoda, Cassidae) from the Philippines identified by molecular data

The genus Casmaria H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (family Cassidae) is widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific and has been documented from some Atlantic localities as well. Two Casmaria species, C. erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791), are common in Indo-Pacific shallow-water sandy bottom communities and are characterized by high morphological variability; both species encompass multiple, often sympatric forms of uncertain status. In the present study we carry out a phylogenetic analysis of some Philippine Casmaria morphs and demonstrate that one of the distinctive morphs earlier assigned to Casmaria ponderosa is in fact a different species, which we describe as Casmaria boblehmani sp. nov. The smooth form of Casmaria ponderosa , C. ponderosa ponderosa , and the solid nodulose form, widely called “form nodulosa ” despite being strikingly different in shell morphology, are shown to be conspecific. Studied specimens of these two morphs even from different localities share the same haplotype of the CO1 gene. In light of these new data on the morphological variability of Casmaria species, we discuss criteria of species delimitation in the genus Casmaria and possible affinities of Casmaria boblehmani sp. nov. within the genus.
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF ARTEMETHER AND LUMEFANTRINE BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD USING HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS

Objective: To prepare a chemically stable solid dispersion to increase the drug solubility and to improve its dissolution rate by using hydrophilic polymers. Methods: Solid dispersion of Artemether and Lumefantrine are prepared by using hydrophilic polymers (PVP K-30, PEG 6000 and POLOXAMER) in single and in combinations ratios by solvent evaporation method. Results: The prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for their compatibility study by FTIR studies, crystalline nature by PXRD, solubility studies and in vitro dissolution studies. FTIR results indicated that there was no incompatibility between the drug and the polymers; PXRD results indicate there is decreased in crystalline nature of the drugs. In vitro dissolution study reveals that solubility of the drug is increased in all solid dispersion formulations compare to pure drugs, In vitro dissolution study of optimized formulation of Artemether (SDA5) showed increased drug release was found to be 97.80±1.58% at the end of 60mins in 900 ml of PH 7.2 Phosphate buffer and 0.5%SLS at 37±0.5 °C. In case of Lumefantrine the optimized formulation SDRF5 released 96.67± 1.26% in 900ml of PH 1.2, 0.1 N HCl and 0.5%Tween 80. Conclusion: From the above studies it can be concluded that solid dispersion prepared by using 3:2 ratio of PVP K-30 and PEG 6000 showed better dissolution than other formulations, hence this solid dispersion prepared by combination of polymers can be used to enhance the bioavailability of Artemether and Lumefantrine.
Striatal volume decrease after pregnancy and changes in navigation strategy

Pregnancy is accompanied by prolonged exposure to high estrogen levels. Animal studies have shown that estrogen influences navigation strategies and, hence, affect navigation performance. Navigation has been conceptualized as either relying on a hippocampus-based allocentric strategy or a striatum-based egocentric strategy. High estrogen levels have been related to increased use of allocentric strategies and decreased egocentric navigation performance. In humans, associations between hormonal shifts and navigation strategies are less clear. This study compared 30 peripartal women to an age-matched control group on whole-brain gray matter volume and allocentric versus egocentric navigation performance. Navigation performance was assessed during the last month of pregnancy, whereas structural brain parameters were assessed shortly after delivery. Relative to controls, pregnant women performed less well in the egocentric condition of the navigation task, but not the allocentric condition. A whole-brain group comparison revealed smaller left striatal volume (putamen) in the peripartal women. Across the two groups, left striatal volume was associated with superior egocentric over allocentric performance. Overall, these findings suggest that human pregnancy is accompanied by structural brain changes in navigation-related neural systems and concomitant changes in navigation strategy.
Determinants of the Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market

This thesis investigates the determinants of sovereign CDS market activity for a sample of 59 sovereigns during the period of 2008 to 2012. The results indicate that CDS market activity is linked to global and country-specific factors, namely investors' global risk perceptions, the global business climate, the global financial sector health, the volatility of the local business climate and the ability to pay back USD denominated debt. The impact of credit rating migrations is negligible. Furthermore, we find that global factors drive net demand for CDS protection while country-specific factors cause a reallocation of net demand for CDS protection.
Learning as Apprentices in the Contemporary UK Workplace: creating and managing expansive and restrictive participation

Situated learning theory provides a rich conceptual framework for analysing the processes by which apprentices become (full) participants in a community of practice. This article uses case study evidence from the UK's Modern Apprenticeship programme to show how this framework can be developed by identifying features of expansive and restrictive participation which help distinguish between different approaches to apprenticeship. We suggest that three inter-related themes (participation, personal development and institutional arrangements) underpin an expansive/restrictive continuum. The analysis is used to categorise company approaches to apprenticeship according to their expansive and restrictive characteristics, and to illustrate the variable learning opportunities that are being created for apprentices under the Modern Apprenticeship.
Sales Prediction with Parametrized Time Series Analysis

When forecasting sales figures, not only the sales history but also the future price of a product will influence the sales quantity. At first sight, multivariate time series seem to be the appropriate model for this task. Nontheless, in real life history is not always repeatable, i.e. in the case of sales history there is only one price for a product at a given time. This complicates the design of a multivariate time series. However, for some seasonal or perishable products the price is rather a function of the expiration date than of the sales history. This additional information can help to design a more accurate and causal time series model. The proposed solution uses an univariate time series model but takes the price of a product as a parameter that influences systematically the prediction. The price influence is computed based on historical sales data using correlation analysis and adjustable price ranges to identify products with comparable history. Compared to other techniques this novel approach is easy to compute and allows to preset the price parameter for predictions and simulations. Tests with data from the Data Mining Cup 2012 demonstrate better results than established sophisticated time series methods. Keywords-sales prediction, multivariate time series, pricesales correlation, parametrized predictor.
ESO Imaging survey: Optical Deep Public Survey

This paper presents new five passbands (UBVRI) optical wide-field imaging data accumulated as part of the DEEP Public Survey (DPS) carried out as a public survey by the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) project. Out of the 3 square degrees originally proposed, the survey covers 2.75 square degrees, in at least one band (normally R), and 1.00 square degrees in five passbands. The median seeing, as measured in the final stacked images, is 0.97", ranging from 0.75" to 2.0". The median limiting magnitudes (AB system, 2" aperture, 5 sigma detection limit) are U_(AB)=25.65, B_(AB)=25.54, V_(AB)=25.18, R_(AB) = 24.8 and I_(AB)=24.12 mag, consistent with those proposed in the original survey design. The paper describes the observations and data reduction using the EIS Data Reduction System and its associated EIS/MVM library. The quality of the individual images were inspected, bad images discarded and the remaining used to produce final image stacks in each passband, from which sources have been extracted. Finally, the scientific quality of these final images and associated catalogs was assessed qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively by comparison of statistical measures derived from these data with those of other authors as well as model predictions, and from direct comparison with the results obtained from the reduction of the same dataset using an independent (hands-on) software system. Finally to illustrate one application of this survey, the results of a preliminary effort to identify sub-mJy radio sources are reported. To the limiting magnitude reached in the R and I passbands the success rate ranges from 66 to 81% (depending on the fields). These data are publicly available at CDS.
Does Supplementing Outcome Feedback with Performance Feedback Improve Probability Judgments

This study examines the effect of feedback on calibration of auditorsi¯ probability judgment. Results from our experiment indicate that auditorsi¯ probability judgments are indeed poorly calibrated and auditors are in general overconfident. In addition, we investigate whether we can use feedback as a means to improve judgment quality. Our evidence indicates that outcome feedback, in spite of its simplicity, is effective in reducing overconfidence. Moreover, we find supplementing outcome feedback with performance feedback does not have any added benefits. Sometimes, it actually decreases judgment performance.