Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T cells targeting NY-ESO-1 demonstrate efficacy against disseminated neuroblastoma

abstract The cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 is expressed by many solid tumors and has limited expression by mature somatic tissues, making it a highly attractive target for tumor immunotherapy. Targeting NY-ESO-1 using engineered T cells has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of some adult tumors. Neuroblastoma is a significant cause of cancer mortality in children, and is a tumor type shown to be responsive to immunotherapies. We evaluated a large panel of primarily resected neuroblastoma samples and demonstrated that 23% express NY-ESO-1. After confirming antigen-specific activity of T cells genetically engineered to express an NY-ESO-1 directed high-affinity transgenic T cell receptor in vitro, we performed xenograft mouse studies assessing the efficacy of NY-ESO-1-targeted T cells in both localized and disseminated models of neuroblastoma. Disease responses were monitored by tumor volume measurement and in vivo bioluminescence. After delivery of NY-ESO-1 transgenic TCR T cells, we observed significant delay of tumor progression in mice bearing localized and disseminated neuroblastoma, as well as enhanced animal survival. These data demonstrate that NY-ESO-1 is an antigen target in neuroblastoma and that targeted T cells represent a potential therapeutic option for patients with neuroblastoma.
Updated Hodgkin's disease: B. Curability of localized disease.

The ability of irradiation to cure localized Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas is beyond debate. The problem is to determine in which patients the apparently localized disease is truly confined to the nodal sites. The current controversy in therapeutic management of localized Hodgkin's disease with radiation is whether it is preferable to treat selected sites only, or most of the lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue on both sides of the diaphragm. An elaborate diagnostic work-up that includes pedal lymphangiography, laparotomy, splenectomy, biopsies of the lymph node and liver, scanning the bone and bone marrow, and biopsy of the bone marrow may yield information pertinent to this decision. Careful documentation of patterns of recurrence after utilizing various field arrangements and effective doses of radiation therapy is also important. The primary therapeutic decision in Hodgkin's disease rests on the oncologist's estimation of the difference between the initial clinical appearance of the extent of
High Performance Op Amp Design - Review

In a never-ending effort to reduce power consumption and gate oxide thickness, the integrated circuit industry is constantly developing smaller power supplies. Furthermore, in an effort to reduce costs and integrate analog and digital circuits onto a single chip, MOS devices are used in the weak inversion region or the subthreshold inversion region to minimize dc source power. A feasible configuration for high gain, low power op amp design utilizing subthreshold operation along with active operation is proposed. This paper discusses and compares the existing compensation methods for operational amplifiers. In this paper comparison is made between different methodologies of op amp design , such as Nested Miller Compensation Method, Feedforward Compensation technique. Two stage and Three stage op amp using Nested Miller Compensation method, adaptive biasing CMOS op-amp with enhanced DC gain ,Three stage op amp using Indirect Compensation technique. The comparison table 1, shows that the nested miller compensation method provides a high gain of 114.3 dB, high uniy gain bandwidth of 103Mhz, and the low power consumption of about (< 3 mW) ,As compared to the other methods. And feedforward compensation method is also have a low power consumption of upto 18 mW, and it requires a low power suppy of 1.2V.
Pronucleotides: Toward the in vivo delivery of antiviral and anticancer nucleotides

To overcome the many hurdles preventing the use of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides as therapeutics, the development of a prodrug methodology (i.e., pronucleotide) for the in vivo delivery of nucleotides has been proposed as a solution. The ideal pronucleotide should be non‐toxic, stable in plasma and blood, capable of being i.v. and/or orally dosed, and intracellularly convertible to the corresponding nucleotide. Although this goal has yet to be achieved, many clever and imaginative pronucleotide approaches have been developed, which are likely to be important pharmacological tools. This review will discuss the major advances and future directions of the emerging field of antiviral and anticancer pronucleotide design and development. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 20, No. 6, 417–451, 2000
Mobile data offloading in FiWi enhanced LTE-A heterogeneous networks

This paper proposes to empower capacity- and coverage-centric fiber-wireless (FiWi) enhanced 4G Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with computation- and storage-centric mobile cloud computing to cope with the unprecedented growth of mobile data traffic. Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing revenue while offloading mobile data in such highly converged and hierarchical networks is not trivial, where multiple players (i.e., cloud service providers, macrocell and small cells, users) with multiple objectives coexist. This paper proposes a mobile data offloading framework using a noncooperative multi-level game-theoretic approach from an end-to-end perspective in the envisioned network. More specifically, we design three-level Stackelberg games, in which a single-leader multi-follower game, a multi-leader multi-follower game, and a single-leader multi-follower game are modeled in the introduced network such that individual players selfishly optimize their local payoff functions and collectively solve the large complex network-wide optimization problem. Further, we develop distributed mobile data offloading algorithms to reduce the complexity of the hierarchical games and to achieve a unique Nash equilibrium condition in each subgame. Simulation results show that by reaching the Nash equilibrium condition, the proposed solution helps minimize energy consumption, interference price, and processing cost, while maximizing revenues of the players in the envisioned network. In addition, the efficiency of the equilibria in terms of price of anarchy and price of stability is quantified for the best/worst case of the Nash equilibrium.
The systematic acquisition of word forms by a child during the first-fifty-word stage

ABSTRACT This paper sets out to examine two findings reported in the literature: one, that during the one-word stage a child's word productions are highly phonetically variable, and two, that the one-word stage is qualitatively distinct from subsequent phonological development. The complete set of word forms produced by a child at the one-word stage were collected and analysed both cross-sectionally (month by month) and longitudinally (looking for changes over time). It was found that the data showed very little variability, and that phonological development during the period studied was qualitatively continuous with subsequent development. It is suggested that the phonologically principled development of this child's first words is related to his late onset of speech.
Accurate and Diverse Recommendations Based on Communities of Interest and Trustable Neighbors

Recommender systems are a critical component of e-commerce websites. Considering the users’ complete spectrum of interests, the limitation of current research on recommender systems lies in that they have only paid attention to improving the accuracy of recommendation algorithms while neglected the diversification of recommendations. In this paper, we integrated a user preference matching algorithm based on communities of interests and a diverse information recommendation algorithm based on trustable neighbors to develop a hybrid information recommendation model that allows for both accuracy and diversity. Results of experiment and evaluation indicated this model can increase the diversity of recommendations with only a minimal accuracy loss.
Efflux Pumps Involved in Toluene Tolerance in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E

ABSTRACT The basic mechanisms underlying solvent tolerance inPseudomonas putida DOT-T1E are efflux pumps that remove the solvent from bacterial cell membranes. The solvent-tolerantP. putida DOT-T1E grows in the presence of high concentrations (e.g., 1% [vol/vol]) of toluene and octanol. Growth of P. putida DOT-T1E cells in LB in the presence of toluene supplied via the gas phase has a clear effect on cell survival: the sudden addition of 0.3% (vol/vol) toluene toP. putida DOT-T1E pregrown with toluene in the gas phase resulted in survival of almost 100% of the initial cell number, whereas only 0.01% of cells pregrown in the absence of toluene tolerated exposure to this aromatic hydrocarbon. One class of toluene-sensitive octanol-tolerant mutant was isolated after Tn5-′phoA mutagenesis of wild-typeP. putida DOT-T1E cells. The mutant, calledP. putida DOT-T1E-18, was extremely sensitive to 0.3% (vol/vol) toluene added when cells were pregrown in the absence of toluene, whereas pregrowth on toluene supplied via the gas phase resulted in survival of about 0.0001% of the initial number. Solvent exclusion was tested with 1,2,4-[14C]trichlorobenzene. The levels of radiochemical accumulated in wild-type cells grown in the absence and in the presence of toluene were not significantly different. In contrast, the mutant was unable to remove 1,2,4-[14C]trichlorobenzene from the cell membranes when grown on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium but was able to remove the aromatic compound when pregrown on LB medium with toluene supplied via the gas phase. The amount of 14C-labeled substrate in whole cells increased in competition assays in which toluene and xylenes were the unlabeled competitors, whereas this was not the case when benzene was the competitor. This finding suggests that the exclusion system works specifically with certain aromatic substrates. The mutation in P. putida DOT-T1E-18 was cloned, and the knockedout gene was sequenced and found to be homologous to the drug exclusion gene mexB, which belongs to the efflux pump family of the resistant nodulator division type.
Academic medical centers and the care of underserved populations

As the number of Americans at risk of being underserved continues to rise, a better understanding of safety-net providers of health care is needed to help ensure continuing care for the underserved. In this article, the authors have begun the process of defining the role of academic medical centers (AMCs) as a group in the care of those persons most at risk of being underserved--the medically indigent and members of minority and poor populations--by quantifying the amount of inpatient care that AMCs provide to these individuals. The study went beyond previous work by using nationally representative sources of data (from 1989 to 1994) and by examining more than one underserved population rather than only the medically indigent. The study focused on AMCs and other hospitals in urban areas and excluded hospitals in rural areas. The detailed findings confirm previous observations that urban AMCs of all types provide a large and disproportionate share of care for the medically indigent and the underserved members of minority and poor populations and that members of these populations constituted the majority of patients cared for in many AMCs in recent years. The findings show that the proportion of patients from underserved groups admitted to all urban hospitals is rising and that this growth is faster among AMCs than other hospitals. The authors comment that AMCs, because of their prominent and historical role in caring for the underserved, have the opportunity to lead efforts to continue such service through innovative approaches to health care and the prevention of illness. Whether AMCs can seize this opportunity when confronted by price competition and government policies that reduce AMCs' capacity to care for the underserved remains to be seen.
Impact of the Back-Gate Biasing on Trigate MOSFET Electron Mobility

In this brief, the influence of the back-gate biasing, Vbg, on the electron mobility of Si trigates on ultrathin buried oxide is studied, using state of the art scattering models for 2-D confined devices. The variation of the back-gate influence with the device size is analyzed and explained addressing to the charge redistribution in the channel. The lower confinement of larger devices results in strong changes in the electron mobility as Vbg is modified, contrary to what is observed in smaller devices. The charge redistribution due to Vbg also affects the relative influence of the interface walls, which is analyzed in depth. The impact on the mobility of the main scattering mechanisms as a function of Vbg is also discussed.
Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life

Acknowledgments 1. Concerted Cultivation and the Accomplishment of Natural Growth 2. Social Structure and Daily Life PART I. THE ORGANIZATION OF DAILY LIFE 3. A Hectic Pace of Concerted Cultivation: Garrett Tallinger 4. A Child's Pace: Tyrec Taylor 5. Children's Play Is for Children: Katie Brindle PART II. LANGUAGE USE 6. Developing a Child: Alexander Williams 7. Language as a Conduit of Social Life: Harold McAllister PART III. FAMILIES AND INSTITUTIONS 8. Concerted Cultivation in Organizational Spheres: Stacey Marshall 9. Effort Creates Misery: Melanie Handlon 10. Letting Educators Lead the Way: Wendy Driver 11. Beating with a Belt, Fearing "the School": Little Billy Yanelli 12. The Power and Limits of Social Class Appendix A. Methodology: Enduring Dilemmas in Fieldwork Appendix B. Theory: Understanding the Work of Pierre Bourdieu Appendix C. Supporting Tables Notes Bibliography Index
Miniaturized SIW Multibeam Antenna Array Fed by Dual-Layer 8 × 8 Butler Matrix

This letter presents a multibeam antenna array fed by a substrate integrated waveguide 8 × 8 dual-layer Butler matrix within the band from 28 to 31 GHz. The dual-layer structure is adopted aiming to achieve miniature, so that the size of the structure is reduced by more than 50% compared with similar single-layer design. The utilization of dual-layer structure also decreases the complexity of the whole Butler matrix. A 2 × 8 slot antenna array is used as the radiating portion to obtain high gains and relatively low side lobe levels. The proposed multibeam antenna array is fabricated and tested to verify the performances.
Effects of chloralose-urethan anesthesia on temperature regulation in dogs.

Abstract : Oxygen consumption, rectal, hypothalamic, ear pinna and back skin temperatures were measured during 10 to 20 minute periods of heating and cooling the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic tissue in three resting dogs while unanesthetized or while anesthetized with a chloralose-urethan mixture. Cooling the environmental temperature to 15C and again heating the hypothalamic temperature to 42C or cooling to 32C had no effect on the metabolic rate and very little effect on the vasomotor tone of ear pinna vessels in the dog anesthetized by an initial dose of chloralose-urethan anesthesia and by supplemental doses at 30 minute intervals. (Modified author abstract)
The Catalytic Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Signal Peptidase Appears to Be Distinct from Most Eubacterial Signal Peptidases*

Many type I signal peptidases from eubacterial cells appear to contain a serine/lysine catalytic dyad. In contrast, our data show that the signal peptidase complex from the endoplasmic reticulum lacks an apparent catalytic lysine. Instead, a serine, histidine, and two aspartic acids are important for signal peptidase activity by the Sec11p subunit of the yeast signal peptidase complex. Amino acids critical to the eubacterial signal peptidases and Sec11p are, however, positioned similarly along their primary sequences, suggesting the presence of a common structural element(s) near the catalytic sites of these enzymes.
Genetic structure and isolation by distance in a landrace of Thai rice

Rice is among the 3 most important crops worldwide. While much of the world's rice harvest is based on modern high-yield varieties, traditional varieties of rice grown by indigenous groups have great importance as a resource for future crop improvement. These local landraces represent an intermediate stage of domestication between a wild ancestor and modern varieties and they serve as reservoirs of genetic variation. Such genetic variation is influenced both by natural processes such as selection and drift, and by the agriculture practices of local farmers. How these processes interact to shape and change the population genetics of landrace rice is unknown. Here, we determine the population genetic structure of a single variety of landrace rice, Bue Chomee, cultivated by Karen people of Thailand. Microsatellite markers reveal high level of genetic variation despite predominant inbreeding in the crop. Bue Chomee rice shows slight but significant genetic differentiation among Karen villages. Moreover, genetically determined traits such as flowering time can vary significantly among villages. An unanticipated result was the overall pattern of genetic differentiation across villages which conforms to an isolation by distance model of differentiation. Isolation by distance is observed in natural plant species where the likelihood of gene flow is inversely related to distance. In Karen rice, gene flow is the result of farmers' seed sharing networks. Taken together, these data suggest that landrace rice is a dynamic genetic system that responds to evolutionary forces, both natural and those imposed by humans.
Seizure Activity in Pyridoxine‐Deficient Adult Rats

Summary: This investigation tested the hypothesis that the degree of pyridoxine depletion rather than the status of neuronal maturity determines seizure proneness in the pyridoxine‐deficient rat. Dietary pyridoxine deficiency was induced in neuronally mature rats. Seizure activity was monitored using computerized EEG analysis. Dietary pyridoxine deficiency of 10 weeks’duration induced in neuronally mature rats led to spontaneous convulsive seizure activity. Even moderately pyridoxine‐deficient adult rats (on the deficient diet for <8 weeks) exhibited seizure‐like diffuse spike and wave activity and electrocortical inhibition. Picrotoxin‐, pentylenetetrazol‐, or domoic acid‐induced seizure thresholds were significantly reduced in pyridoxine‐deficient rats when compared with normal controls. Pyridoxine‐deficient rats exhibited increased dominance of delta and theta activities and increased hemispherical asymmetries in response to convulsant treatment.
Evidence That X‐Irradiation and 4‐Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide Affects Different Lymphocytes That Respond to Specific Antigen In Vitro

The present study examined the effect of pulse treatment with the in vitro active synthetic derivative of cyclophosphamide (CY),4‐hydroperoxycyclophos‐ phamide (4‐HPCY), and exposure to X‐irradiation on the in vitro Concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antigen‐specific blastogenic responses of in vivo‐primed lymph node cells. Primed lymph node cells from CY‐ pretreated, aggregated (A) human IgG‐complete Freund's adjuvant (AHGG‐ CFA)‐immunized mice were untreated, exposed to various doses of irradiation, or pulse treated with different concentrations of 4‐HPCY before being cultured in medium alone or in medium containing HGG, ConA, or LPS. The results show that HGG‐responding and LPS‐responding cells exhibited similar dose‐ inactivation profiles following exposure to irradiation or pulse treatment with 4‐ HPCY. More than 75% of reactivity was eliminated by exposure to 100 rads or pulse treatment with 20 4‐HPCY. In contrast to preculture pulse treatment with 4‐HPCY, however, when primed lymph node cells were cultured in medium containing 4‐HPCY (culture treatment) LPS‐responding cells were shown to be more sensitive to inactivation than HGG‐responding cells. The data further show that the effect of low‐dose irradiation and of culture treatment with 4‐HPCY on the HGG‐specific response of primed lymph node cells was additive, suggesting that these agents inactivate different cell subtypes that contribute to the HGG‐specific response in vitro.
DNS Blacklists and Whitelists

The rise of spam and other anti-social behavior on the Internet has led to the creation of shared blacklists and whitelists of IP addresses or domains. The DNS has become a de-facto standard method of distributing these blacklists and whitelists. This memo documents the structure and usage of DNS based blacklists and whitelists, and the protocol used to query them.
Reciprocal inhibitory connections and network synchrony in the mammalian thalamus.

Neuronal rhythmic activities within thalamocortical circuits range from partially synchronous oscillations during normal sleep to hypersynchrony associated with absence epilepsy. It has been proposed that recurrent inhibition within the thalamic reticular nucleus serves to reduce synchrony and thus prevents seizures. Inhibition and synchrony in slices from mice devoid of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor beta3 subunit were examined, because in rodent thalamus, beta3 is largely restricted to reticular nucleus. In beta3 knockout mice, GABAA-mediated inhibition was nearly abolished in reticular nucleus, but was unaffected in relay cells. In addition, oscillatory synchrony was dramatically intensified. Thus, recurrent inhibitory connections within reticular nucleus act as "desynchronizers. "
Involvement of programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in the development of experimental allergic conjunctivitis in mice

Background/aim: Involvement of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands has been demonstrated in experimental allergic airway disease. Here, the authors aimed to examine whether PD-1 and its ligands are involved in the development of experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EC) in mice. Methods: EC was induced in Balb/c mice by active immunisation with short ragweed pollen (RW) in alum. 10 days later (day 10), the mice were challenged with eye drops containing RW. 24 hours after the challenge, conjunctivas, spleens, and sera were harvested for histological analysis, cytokine assays, and measurement of RW specific Ig levels. The actively immunised mice were treated with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2 antibodies (Abs), or normal rat immunoglobulin G (nrIgG) during either the induction (day 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) or the effector (2 hours before RW challenge on day 10) phase. Results: Ab treatment during the induction phase did not affect eosinophil infiltration although immune responses were modulated. In contrast, treatment with anti-PD-L2 Ab, but not anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 Ab, during the effector phase significantly increased eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva without affecting systemic immune responses. Conclusions: Similar to allergic airway inflammation, PD-L2 is involved in the development of EC during the effector phase but not the induction phase.
Breaking Bad News: Impact of a Continuing Medical Education Workshop

Objective To evaluate the impact of an interactive continuing medical education workshop designed to help physicians in breaking bad news to their patients. Methodology Analysis of post-workshop questionnaires from 539 physicians assessing the retention of the key concepts and the perception of the potential impact of the workshop on their practice immediately after the workshop and six months later. Results The most significant concepts retained by the respondents are: the need to take into consideration the whole patient (42.7% post-workshop and 45.6% of follow-up responses), the need to be prepared for the consultation (11.6% and 15%), the importance of better guiding the interview (18.8% and 13.6%), and the value of taking more time during the consultation (5.8% and 8.3%). Analysis of paired responses on the post-workshop and the follow-up questionnaires shows that 35% of the concepts retained are identical. Conclusion The majority of physicians retained the key concepts, both immediately following the workshop and in the longer term.