Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regression Based Test Case Selection: An Empirical Study

Test case selection techniques schedule test cases for execution in an order that attempts to maximize some objective function. Regression testing is a maintenance activity that is performed to ensure the validity of modified software. The activity takes a lot of time to run the entire test suite and is very expensive. Thus it becomes a necessity to choose the minimum set of test cases with the ability to cover all the faults in minimum time. A variety of objective functions are applicable: one such function involves rate of fault detection — a measure of how quickly faults are detected within the testing process. An improved rate of fault detection during regression testing can provide faster feedback on a system under regression test and let debuggers begin their work earlier than might otherwise be possible. In this paper, we describe several techniques for prioritizing test cases and report our empirical results measuring the effectiveness of these techniques for improving rate of fault detection. The results provide insights into the tradeoffs among various techniques for test case prioritization.
Development of a Deployable Boom for Microsatellites Using Elastic Memory Composite Material

Rationale for the inclusion of deployable structures onboard small satellites is ever increasing. For example, replacing traditional mass-expulsion control thrusters with micropropulsion ion thrusters on extendible booms can significantly reduce fuel mass requirements for attitude control systems. However, current flight-heritage booms are rendered inadequate when held to the stringent mass and mechanical requirements necessary to justify such a change. To address the deficiencies of existing boom technologies, a new generation of deployable structures must be developed. Paramount in this endeavor will be the ability to incorporate new materials into the design of next-generation deployable space structures. One promising new material technology for longeron members of deployable booms is TEMBO™ Elastic Memory Composite (EMC). EMC retains the structural properties of traditional fiber reinforced composites, i.e. high stiffness-to-mass ratio, while possessing the ability to behave as a shape memory material. These characteristics enable the primary structural component of a boom to additionally function as the primary deployment mechanism. This paper will focus on the developmental efforts encountered while advancing EMC from a material concept to a viable boom technology. In particular, this paper will introduce a family of deployable EMC booms and then outline the down select process employed during the development of the baseline United States Air Force Academy FalconSat-3 microsat boom.
Three‐dimensional spheroid cell culture of human MSC‐derived neuron‐like cells: New in vitro model to assess magnetite nanoparticle‐induced neurotoxicity effects

As nanoparticles (NPs) can access the brain and impact on CNS function, novel in vitro models for the evaluation of NPs‐induced neurotoxicity are advocated. Three‐dimensional spheroids of primary neuron‐like cells (hNLCs) of human origin have been generated, from differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The study evaluated Fe3O4NP impact on the differentiation process by applying the challenge at complete 3D hNLC spheroid formation (after 4 days, T4) or at beginning of neurogenic induction/simultaneously 3D forming (T0). Different endpoints were monitored over time (up to 10 days): spheroid growth, size, morphology, ATP, cell death, neuronal markers (β‐Tub III, MAP‐2, and NSE), NP uptake. At T0 application, a marked concentration‐ and time‐dependent cell mortality occurred: effect started early (day 2) and low concentration (1 μg/ml) and exacerbated (80% mortality) after prolonged time (day 6) and increased concentrations (50 μg/ml). ATP was strikingly affected. All neuronal markers were downregulated, and spheroid morphology altered in a concentration‐dependent manner (from ≥5 μg/ml) after day 2. Fe3O4NPs applied at complete 3D formation (T4) still induced adverse effects although less severe: cell mortality (20–60%) and ATP content decrease (10–40%) were observed in a concentration‐dependent manner (from ≥ 5 μg/ml). A neuronal‐specific marker effect and spheroid size reduction from 25 μg/ml without morphology alteration were evidenced. This finding provides additional information on neurotoxic effects of Fe3O4NPs in a new 3D hNLC spheroid model derived from MSCs that could find a consistent application as in a testing strategy serving in first step hazard identification for correct risk assessment.
Income Inequality and Bullying Victimization and Perpetration: Evidence From Adolescents in the COMPASS Study

Previous research indicates that the disproportionate distribution of income within society is associated with aggression and violence. Although research has been conducted identifying the relationship between income inequality and bullying victimization and perpetration, little is known about possible mediators. We investigated the association between income inequality and bullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents participating in the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behavior (COMPASS) study. We identified whether school connectedness and psychosocial well-being mediated the relationship between income inequality and bullying behavior. This study used pooled cross-sectional data from 147,748 adolescents aged 13 to 18 from three waves (2015–2016, 2016–2017, 2017–2018) of the COMPASS study from 157 secondary schools in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec (Canada). The Gini coefficient was calculated based on the school Census Divisions (CD) using the Canada 2016 Census and linked with student data. We used multilevel modeling to investigate the relationship between income inequality and self-reported bullying victimization and perpetration, while controlling for individual-, school-, and CD-level characteristics. A standard deviation increase in Gini coefficient was associated with increased odds for bullying victimization and perpetration. Findings were observed among girls; however, inequality was only associated with perpetration among boys. We identified social cohesion and psychosocial well-being as potential mediators. To counter the adverse effects of income inequality, school-based interventions designed to increase school connectedness and student psychosocial well-being should be implemented to protect against bullying.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

DOI: 10.2174/1570162X20666220127105655 Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is classically described as a hormonal system in which angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the main active peptides. The action of circulating Ang II on its cognate Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) in circumventricular organs has important roles in regulating the autonomic nervous system, blood pressure (BP) and body fluid homeostasis, and has more recently been implicated in cardiovascular metabolism. The presence of a local or tissue RAS in various tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), is well established. However, because the level of renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the systemic RAS, is very low in the brain, how endogenous angiotensin peptides are generated in the CNS—the focus of this review—has been the subject of considerable debate. Notable in this context is the identification of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) as a key component of the brain RAS in the production of Ang II in the CNS. In this review, we highlight cellular and anatomical locations of the PRR in the CNS. We also summarize studies using gainand loss-of function approaches to elucidate the functional importance of brain PRR-mediated Ang II formation and brain RAS activation, as well as PRR-mediated Ang II-independent signaling pathways, in regulating BP. We further discuss recent developments in PRR involvement in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and present perspectives for future directions.
Best Practices and Lessons Learned for Action Research in eHealth Design and Implementation: Literature Review

Background Action research (AR) is an established research framework to introduce change in a community following a cyclical approach and involving stakeholders as coresearchers in the process. In recent years, it has also been used for eHealth development. However, little is known about the best practices and lessons learned from using AR for eHealth development. Objective This literature review aims to provide more knowledge on the best practices and lessons learned from eHealth AR studies. Additionally, an overview of the context in which AR eHealth studies take place is given. Methods A semisystematic review of 44 papers reporting on 40 different AR projects was conducted to identify the best practices and lessons learned in the research studies while accounting for the particular contextual setting and used AR approach. Results Recommendations include paying attention to the training of stakeholders’ academic skills, as well as the various roles and tasks of action researchers. The studies also highlight the need for constant reflection and accessible dissemination suiting the target group. Conclusions This literature review identified room for improvements regarding communicating and specifying the particular AR definition and applied approach.
Bioprinting: A Strategy to Build Informative Models of Exposure and Disease

Novel additive manufacturing techniques are revolutionizing fields of industry providing more dimensions to control and the versatility of fabricating multi-material products. Medical applications hold great promise to manufacture constructs of mixed biologically compatible materials together with functional cells and tissues. We reviewed technologies and promising developments nurturing innovation of physiologically relevant models to study safety of chemicals that are hard to reproduce in current models, or diseases for which there are no models available. Extrusion-, inkjet- and laser-assisted bioprinting are the most used techniques. Hydrogels as constituents of bioinks and biomaterial inks are the most versatile materials to recreate physiological and pathophysiological microenvironments. The highlighted bioprinted models were chosen because they guarantee post-printing cellular viability while maintaining desirable mechanical properties of their constitutive bioinks or biomaterial inks to ensure their printability. Bioprinting is being readily adopted to overcome ethical concerns of in vivo models and improve the automation, reproducibility, geometry stability of traditional in vitro models. The challenges for advancing the technological level readiness of bioprinting require overcoming heterogeneity, microstructural complexity, dynamism and integration with other models, to generate multi-organ platforms that can inform about biological responses to chemical exposure, disease development and efficacy of novel therapies.
Feature Extraction Method Based on Filter Banks and Riemannian Tangent Space in Motor-Imagery BCI

Optimal feature extraction for multi-category motor imagery brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs) is a research hotspot. The common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm is one of the most widely used methods in MI-BCIs. However, its performance is adversely affected by variance in the operational frequency band and noise interference. Furthermore, the performance of CSP is not satisfactory when addressing multi-category classification problems. In this work, we propose a fusion method combining Filter Banks and Riemannian Tangent Space (FBRTS) in multiple time windows. FBRTS uses multiple filter banks to overcome the problem of variance in the operational frequency band. It also applies the Riemannian method to the covariance matrix extracted by the spatial filter to obtain more robust features in order to overcome the problem of noise interference. In addition, we use a One-Versus-Rest support vector machine (OVR-SVM) model to classify multi-category features. We evaluate our FBRTS method using BCI competition IV dataset 2a and 2b. The experimental results show that the average classification accuracy of our FBRTS method is 77.7% and 86.9% in datasets 2a and 2b respectively. By analyzing the influence of the different numbers of filter banks and time windows on the performance of our FBRTS method, we can identify the optimal number of filter banks and time windows. Additionally, our FBRTS method can obtain more distinctive features than the filter banks common spatial pattern (FBCSP) method in two-dimensional embedding space. These results show that our proposed method can improve the performance of MI-BCIs.
Anterior and posterior ocular measurements in healthy South Indian eyes

Dear Editor Normative data is data that characterizes what is usual in a defined population at a specific point or period and can be of enormous importance to physicians in all spheres of medical sciences. Such data seek to describe rather than explain phenomena. There is a paucity of normative data related to ocular parameters originating from different regions of India. In any case, most of the studies describing normative data that are available in the literature are either in the Caucasian population[1‐4] or describe exclusively either anterior segment[5] or posterior segment findings. [6‐8] Yet others have reported biometry in conditions such as cataract[9] and keratoconus[10] within the remit of their study design, comparing one or several parameters in diseased conditions. We collected decade‐wise normative data prospectively from 156 eyes of healthy subjects of South‐Indian origin between the age group of 10–60 years, encompassing both anterior and posterior segments, using the latest available technology. The central corneal thickness (CCT) and anterior and posterior corneal curvatures (ACC and PCC) were measured using WaveLight Oculyzer II (Alcon, Tx, USA), axial length (AL). Lens thickness (LT) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using Lenstar LS 900 (Haag Streit, Bern, Switzerland), and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), macular thickness (MT), and peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) were measured using swept‐source OCT (SS‐OCT) by using Triton Dri OCT Plus (Topcon Inc, NJ, USA). The mean ACC and PCC were 7.66 ± 0.26 mm and 6.37 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. CCT, ACD, LT, and AL were 536.05 ± 29.95 μm, 3.37 ± 0.38 mm, 3.81 ± 0.38 mm, and 23.16 ± 0.90 mm, respectively. LT correlated positively with age (P < 0.001); ACD and AL correlated negatively with age (P < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively) [Fig. 1‐top and center]. We obtained an annual increase in LT by 0.023 mm and ACD decreased by 0.014 mm. An age‐related increase in LT further shallows the AC, which decreases with age. Recognizing a shallow AC is important as such individuals are not only at risk of developing angle‐closure glaucoma but may also present challenges during cataract surgery,[11-13] particularly in pseudoexfoliation eyes. [11]
Changes in criminal thinking from midadolescence to early adulthood: Does trajectory direction matter?

OBJECTIVE Although there is evidence of a strong age-crime relationship, there is little consensus as to why crime peaks in midadolescence and drops off in late adolescence or early adulthood, and there is virtually no information on how age interacts with other crime-related variables such as criminal thinking. The purpose of this study was to document changes in the age-criminal thinking relationship from midadolescence to early adulthood and determine whether these changes were capable of predicting future offending behavior. HYPOTHESES It was hypothesized that (a) criminal thinking, measured with a moral disengagement scale, would gradually decelerate as offending youth progressed from midadolescence to early adulthood; (b) downward-sloping trajectories obtained from a growth mixture modeling (GMM) analysis would predominate over upward-sloping and stable trajectories, and (c) the direction of a trajectory (upward or downward sloping) would have as much impact on future offending as the overall magnitude of moral disengagement. METHOD These three hypotheses were tested in a group of 1,273 (1,093 male, 180 female) serious juvenile offenders from the Pathways to Desistance study who completed a moral disengagement scale annually between the ages of 16 and 22. The data were then subjected to trend analysis, GMM, and an analysis of covariance whereby trajectory class membership served to predict future offending. RESULTS Scores on the moral disengagement scale dropped gradually from age 16 to 22, GMM identified four latent classes, 93.6% of the sample fell into one of two decelerating trajectory patterns, and trajectory direction was at least as important as trajectory magnitude in predicting future offending. CONCLUSIONS Trajectory direction appears to be as important as magnitude in evaluating the clinical significance of changes in criminal thinking during mid to late adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Impact of moderate and severe primary open-angle glaucoma on quality of life due to activity limitation

Purpose: To study the impact of moderate and severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) on the quality of life (QoL) due to activity limitation using glaucoma-specific questionnaires. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 122 participants, 50% (n = 61) being controls and 50% were diagnosed cases of moderate/severe POAG. Three orally administered glaucoma-specific QoL instruments were used: Glaucoma Activity Limitation (GAL-9), Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQL-15), and Viswanathan questionnaires. The questions related to activity limitation were identified and analyzed for each questionnaire separately. Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.04 ± 9.88 years and a majority were males (64.8%, n = 79). The mean scores in controls, moderate glaucoma, and severe POAG patients for GAL-9 questionnaire were 9.77 ± 1.36 (P = 0.44), 13.75 ± 4.76 (P < 0.001), and 23.45 ± 5.62 (P < 0.001), for GQL-15, these were 16.39 ± 2.18 (P = 0.5), 22.75 ± 7.89 (P < 0.001), and 39.34 ± 9.42 (P < 0.001), respectively, while for the Viswanathan questionnaire, they were 9.49 ± 0.94 (P = 0.38), 7.91 ± 1.59 (P < 0.001), and 4.41 ± 2.20 (P < 0.001), respectively. The GQL-15 and GAL-9 questionnaires concluded that activity limitation pertaining to dark adaptation-related tasks affected the QoL the most in moderate as well as severe POAG (P < 0.001). Using the Viswanathan questionnaire, it was observed that the peripheral vision-related activity limitation was most significant for the decrease in QoL in moderate POAG while near vision-related activity limitation affected the QoL the most in severe POAG (P < 0.001). Conclusion: All three questionnaires concluded that the activity limitation due to moderate and severe glaucoma has a negative impact on the QoL. The limitation of the tasks involving dark adaptation/glare and peripheral vision has the most significant impact on the QoL in moderate glaucoma. As the disease progresses to a severe category, the limitation of activities requiring central and near vision causes the most significant worsening in QoL.
Development of a standard operating procedure for the DCFH2-DA acellular assessment of reactive oxygen species produced by nanomaterials

Abstract Improved strategies are required for testing nanomaterials (NMs) to make hazard and risk assessment more efficient and sustainable. Including reduced reliance on animal models, without decreasing the level of human health protection. Acellular detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be useful as a screening assay to prioritize NMs of high concern. To improve reliability and reproducibility, and minimize uncertainty, a standard operating procedure (SOP) has been developed for the detection of ROS using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA) assay. The SOP has undergone an inter- and intra-laboratory comparison, to evaluate robustness, reliability, and reproducibility, using representative materials (ZnO, CuO, Mn2O3, and BaSO4 NMs), and a number of calibration tools to normalize data. The SOP includes an NM positive control (nanoparticle carbon black (NPCB)), a chemical positive control (SIN-1), and a standard curve of fluorescein fluorescence. The interlaboratory comparison demonstrated that arbitrary fluorescence units show high levels of partner variability; however, data normalization improved variability. With statistical analysis, it was shown that the SIN-1 positive control provided an extremely high level of reliability and reproducibility as a positive control and as a normalization tool. The NPCB positive control can be used with a relatively high level of reproducibility, and in terms of the representative materials, the reproducibility CuO induced-effects was better than for Mn2O3. Using this DCFH2-DA acellular assay SOP resulted in a robust intra-laboratory reproduction of ROS measurements from all NMs tested, while effective reproduction across different laboratories was also demonstrated; the effectiveness of attaining reproducibility within the interlaboratory assessment was particle-type-specific.
Investigating Simultaneity for Deep Learning–Enhanced Actual Ultra-Low-Dose Amyloid PET/MR Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diagnostic-quality amyloid PET images can be created with deep learning using actual ultra-low-dose PET images and simultaneous structural MR imaging. Here, we investigated whether simultaneity is required; if not, MR imaging–assisted ultra-low-dose PET imaging could be performed with separate PET/CT and MR imaging acquisitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 48 participants: Thirty-two (20 women; mean, 67.7 [SD, 7.9] years) were used for pretraining; 328 (SD, 32) MBq of [18F] florbetaben was injected. Sixteen participants (6 women; mean, 71.4 [SD. 8.7] years of age) were scanned in 2 sessions, with 6.5 (SD, 3.8) and 300 (SD, 14) MBq of [18F] florbetaben injected, respectively. Structural MR imaging was acquired simultaneously with PET (90–110 minutes postinjection) on integrated PET/MR imaging in 2 sessions. Multiple U-Net–based deep networks were trained to create diagnostic PET images. For each method, training was done with the ultra-low-dose PET as input combined with MR imaging from either the ultra-low-dose session (simultaneous) or from the standard-dose PET session (nonsimultaneous). Image quality of the enhanced and ultra-low-dose PET images was evaluated using quantitative signal-processing methods, standardized uptake value ratio correlation, and clinical reads. RESULTS: Qualitatively, the enhanced images resembled the standard-dose image for both simultaneous and nonsimultaneous conditions. Three quantitative metrics showed significant improvement for all networks and no differences due to simultaneity. Standardized uptake value ratio correlation was high across different image types and network training methods, and 31/32 enhanced image pairs were read similarly. CONCLUSIONS: This work suggests that accurate amyloid PET images can be generated using enhanced ultra-low-dose PET and either nonsimultaneous or simultaneous MR imaging, broadening the utility of ultra-low-dose amyloid PET imaging.