Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerosol–cloud interactions studied with the chemistry-climate model EMAC

Abstract. This study uses the EMAC atmospheric chemistry-climate model to simulate cloud properties and estimate cloud radiative effects induced by aerosols. We have tested two prognostic cloud droplet nucleation parameterizations, i.e., the standard STN (osmotic coefficient model) and hybrid (HYB, replacing the osmotic coefficient by the κ hygroscopicity parameter) schemes to calculate aerosol hygroscopicity and critical supersaturation, and consider aerosol–cloud feedbacks with a focus on warm clouds. Both prognostic schemes (STN and HYB) account for aerosol number, size and composition effects on droplet nucleation, and are tested in combination with two different cloud cover parameterizations, i.e., a relative humidity threshold and a statistical cloud cover scheme (RH-CLC and ST-CLC). The use of either STN and HYB leads to very different cloud radiative effects, particularly over the continents. The STN scheme predicts highly effective CCN activation in warm clouds and hazes/fogs near the surface. The enhanced CCN activity increases the cloud albedo effect of aerosols and cools the Earth's surface. The cooler surface enhances the hydrostatic stability of the lower continental troposphere and thereby reduces convection and convective precipitation. In contrast, the HYB simulations calculate lower, more realistic CCN activation and consequent cloud albedo effect, leading to relatively stronger convection and high cloud formation. The enhanced high clouds increase greenhouse warming and moderate the cooling effect of the low clouds. With respect to the cloud radiative effects, the statistical ST-CLC scheme shows much higher sensitivity to aerosol–cloud coupling for all continental regions than the RH-CLC threshold scheme, most pronounced for low clouds but also for high clouds. Simulations of the short wave cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere in ST-CLC are a factor of 2–8 more sensitive to aerosol coupling than the RH-CLC configurations. The long wave cloud radiative effect responds about a factor of 2 more sensitively. Our results show that the coupling with the HYB scheme (κ approach) outperforms the coupling with STN (osmotic coefficient), and also provides a more straightforward approach to account for physicochemical effects on aerosol activation into cloud droplets. Accordingly, the sensitivity of CCN activation to chemical composition is highest in HYB. Overall, the prognostic schemes of cloud cover and cloud droplet formation help improve the agreement between model results and observations, and for the ST-CLC scheme it seems to be a necessity.
How Do People Resolve Conflict Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes

How do implicit attitudes influence behavior when they are in conflict with explicit attitudes? In Study 1, smokers’ negative implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes towards smoking were activated. Then emotions were measured. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes that the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Study 2 showed that cognitive capacity allows for this conflict, as positive explicit and negative implicit attitudes may be applied simultaneously. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Smokers resolved the conflict through the inhibition of implicit attitudes (by smoking cigarettes). Without cognitive capacity, only implicit attitudes were applied, and thus no conflict was aroused. Study 3 confirmed that smoking cigarettes inhibited negative implicit attitudes.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Shape Modeling in Medical Images with Marching Methods

We present a shape recovery technique in 2D and 3D with specific applications in modeling anatomical shapes from medical images. This algorithm models ext;remely corrugated structures like the brain, is topologically adaptable, and runs in 0( N log N) time where N is the total number of points in the domain: Our technique is based on the level set shape recovery scheme introduced in [14, 15] and the fast . marching method in [22] for computing solutions to static Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
School-University Partnership: Perceptions of the Teachers.

We investigated how and to what extent a school–university partnership might influence the teachers and the teaching in one school, Parkland. We interviewed 23 novice and veteran teachers, the principals, and the university liaison. The data suggest that the university structures (i.e., the practicum, the student teaching internship, the Senior Year OnSite Program, and the Teaching Fellowship Program) combined with the setting of Parkland (the strong principal, positive climate, and teachers) to provide a framework for renewal. Two engines—mentorship and classroom research—drove the school’s renewal by extending professional relationships. Data suggest that a synergy exists between the structure of the program and the setting—a synergy created by the immediate assistance available to all participants, the exchange of curricular ideas, and the professional nudging that occurred among colleagues. We conclude that the principal and the knowledgeable mentor strengthened the school renewal, which resulted in a stronger professional learning community with inquiry at its center. 09_119 (12) Gilles.qxd 4/2/09 6:07 PM Page 100
Dual-Band Sierpinski Pre-Fractal Antenna for 2.4 GHz-WLAN and 800 MHz-LTE Wireless Devices

A compact dual-band antenna for WLAN applications and Long Term Evolution (LTE) services in the 800MHz band is designed. The compactness, the robustness, and the simplicity of the proposed solution make it suitable for the integration in recent and widely difiused mobile and multi-standard devices. The multiband behavior is yielded by exploiting a Sierpinski Gasket fractal shape whose descriptors are perturbed by means of a particle swarm optimization (PSO) strategy to flt the performance requirements. The results assess the good matching between numerical simulations and experimental validations as well as the efiectiveness of the prototype in reaching a suitable impedance matching and satisfactory radiation characteristics.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey monitor telescope pipeline

The photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a multi-step process which involves data from three different telescopes: the 1.0-m telescope at the US Naval Observatory (USNO), Flagstaff Station, Arizona (which was used to establish the SDSS standard star network); the SDSS 0.5-m Photometric Telescope (PT) at the Apache Point Observatory (APO), New Mexico (which calculates nightly extinctions and calibrates secondary patch transfer fields); and the SDSS 2.5-m telescope at APO (which obtains the imaging data for the SDSS proper). In this paper, we describe the Monitor Telescope Pipeline, MTPIPE, the software pipeline used in processing the data from the single-CCD telescopes used in the photometric calibration of the SDSS (i.e., the USNO 1.0-m and the PT). We (a)
Instructional improvement cycle: A teacher's toolkit for collecting and analyzing data on instructional strategies

Summary This toolkit includes three tools to help teachers use data from their classroom assessments to evaluate promising teaching practices: 1. � A planning guide that introduces teachers to an instructional improvement cycle in which they compare the learning results from one group of students who receive a new classroom instructional strategy (experimental group) with those of another group of students who receive a traditional strategy (comparison group) using a scientific approach. 2. � A preprogrammed Excel spreadsheet that allows teachers to compare the performance of students who receive the strategy (experimental group) with that of a similar group of students who do not (comparison group).
Teaching Effectiveness during Lectures in Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Medical Sciences

Lecturers are expected to teach effectively and evaluating their teaching effectiveness are essential to ensure students get the best learning experience. A systematic evaluation of teaching behaviours with a proper feedback mechanism will help to improve their teaching effectiveness. Improvement of teaching effectiveness will result in better students’ learning experience, and thus attaining the intended educational outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate teaching effectiveness among lecturers by assessing their teaching behaviours during lectures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on lecturers in a Malaysian public medical school. Their teaching behaviours were rated by 30 trained pre-clinical medical students using Teacher Behaviour Inventory (TBI) on seven aspects – organisation, speechpacing, clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, rapport, and disclosure. A total of 55 lecturers were rated by the medical students. The organisation and speech-pacing aspects were highly rated as the mean scores were 4.02 and 4.15, respectively. The clarity, enthusiasm, interaction, and rapport aspects attained satisfactory level as the mean scores ranged from 3.10 to 3.59. The disclosure aspect was poorly rated as the mean score was 2.20. Eventhough all lecturers in this school are considered expert in their area, findings from this study suggest that some teaching behaviour need some improvement. Findings from this study also provide useful data for the medical school to chart direction of faculty development activities to improve their lecturers’ teaching effectiveness during lectures.
A Data‐Driven Accelerated Sampling Method for Searching Functional States of Proteins

Protein exhibits distinct characteristics in different functional states. The lack of structural information for proteins hinders the understanding of their function. Here, a data‐driven accelerated (DA2) sampling method is proposed, which is capable of searching new functional states of protein from a known structure with high efficiency. The key function of DA2 sampling is to drive the conformational change of protein along its intrinsic motion without introducing biased potential/force, where principle component analysis is applied on‐the‐fly to reduce the highly redundant information generated by molecular dynamics simulations. In this work, the capacity and accuracy of DA2 sampling are validated by using alanine dipeptide. This protocol is then applied to search for the closed state of N‐terminal calmodulin (nCaM) from the open one. The identified structure resembles the crystal structure of nCaM in its closed state, with a root‐mean‐square deviation between the two of only 1.8 Å. Interestingly, independent DA2 samplings disclose different open‐to‐closed transition pathways for nCaM, which is likely to have implications for its biological functions. Therefore, DA2 sampling is expected to play important roles in exploring functional states of a broad spectrum of proteins at atomic level that are not easily determined experimentally.
A young lady with inflammation of unknown origin

Abstract Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK) is a systemic vasculitis mainly affecting the aorta and its first branches. The initial presentation can be very non-specific while its sequelae can be debilitating and fatal. Apart from clinical and biochemical tests, imaging studies remain pivotal for the diagnosis of this rare disease. Delay in treatment may result in vascular stenosis, leading to morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a young woman who presented with anemia with no obvious causes. Subsequently she developed ischemic symptoms and the diagnosis of TAK was established with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Our case illustrates the importance of recognition of the possibility of TAK in young women who presented with non-specific systemic upset and anemia of chronic inflammation. A high index of suspicion is needed and imaging studies should be considered early. The treatment of TAK will also be briefly reviewed.
Group  $L_{1/2}$  Regularization for Pruning Hidden Layer Nodes of Feedforward Neural Networks

A group <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regularization term is defined and introduced into the conventional error function for pruning the hidden layer nodes of feedforward neural networks. This group <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regularization method (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GL_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) can prune not only the redundant hidden nodes but also the redundant weights of the surviving hidden nodes of the neural networks. As a comparison, the popular group lasso regularization (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GL_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) can prune the redundant hidden nodes, but cannot prune any redundant weights of the surviving hidden nodes, of the neural networks. A disadvantage of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GL_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is that it involves a non-smooth absolute value function, which causes oscillation in the numerical computation and difficulty in the convergence analysis. As a remedy, the absolute value function is approximated by a smooth function, resulting in a smooth group <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regularization method (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SGL_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Numerical simulations on a few benchmark data sets show that, compared with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GL_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SGL_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can achieve better accuracy and remove more redundant nodes and weights of the surviving hidden nodes. A convergence theorem is also proved for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SGL_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Seasonal dynamics of picoplankton in shelf waters of the southern Bay of Biscay

Seasonal variations in autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton community structure were studied by flow cytometry at 3 shelf stations in the central Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay), from April 2002 to April 2003. A marked seasonality was found for autotrophs, with cyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus) being more important in nutrient-depleted waters (June to October, 75 ± 3% of picophytoplanktonic cells) whereas picoeukaryotes clearly dom- inated in terms of biomass during the rest of the year (82 ± 2%). The absence of Prochlorococcus in spring and summer seems to be related to hydrology rather than to nutrient conditions. Under strati- fication the maximum abundance of cyanobacteria was found above the nutricline, in contrast to picoeukaryotes. Autotrophic groups cell size was strongly influenced by nutrient conditions while chlorophyll a fluorescence varied in parallel to irradiance. Heterotrophic bacteria were less variable than picophytoplankton and high nucleic acid content (HNA) cells dominated the community in win- ter and spring (64 ± 1%) but only at depth during the rest of the year. A similar response of low nucleic acid content (LNA) bacteria to environmental conditions suggests they are, at least partially, metabolically active, in contrast to the commonly held view that they are a homogeneous group of dead or dormant cells. A larger mean size of LNA compared with HNA bacteria was consistently observed in winter and spring. Regardless of variations in abundance and group composition, the great constancy of the picoplanktonic contribution to integrated algal biomass (17 ± 2%) over the seasonal cycle outlines the importance of picophytoplankton also in coastal zones.
Lupsix: A Cascade Framework for Lung Parenchyma Segmentation in Axial CT Images

Lung imaging and computer aided diagnosis (CAD) play a critical role in detection of lung diseases. The most significant part of a lung based CAD is to fulfil the parenchyma segmentation, since disease information is kept in the parenchyma texture. For this purpose, parenchyma segmentation should be accurately performed to find the necessary diagnosis to be used in the treatment. Besides, lung parenchyma segmentation remains as a challenging task in computed tomography (CT) owing to the handicaps oriented with the imaging and nature of parenchyma. In this paper, a cascade framework involving histogram analysis, morphological operations, mean shift segmentation (MSS) and region growing (RG) is proposed to perform an accurate segmentation in thorax CT images. In training data, 20 axial CT images are utilized to define the optimum parameter values, and 150 images are considered as test data to objectively evaluate the performance of system. Five statistical metrics are handled to carry out the performance assessment, and a literature comparison is realized with the state-of-the-art techniques. As a result, parenchyma tissues are segmented with success rates as 98.07% (sensitivity), 99.72% (specificity), 99.3% (accuracy), 98.59% (Dice similarity coefficient) and 97.23% (Jaccard) on test dataset.
Correlation of dental caries and dermatoglyphics in pediatric cases

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, and its etiology has been advocated to various environmental and genetic factors. Dermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridges on the palmar and plantar surfaces of hands and feet. It is genetic in nature and is unique to each individual. Enamel as well as finger buds are ectodermal in origin and develop during the same time of intrauterine life; therefore, factors affecting dental caries may cause peculiarities in dermal ridge patterns. Aim: To find a correlation between dermatoglyphic pattern and dental caries in pediatric cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 200 children (100 caries-active and 100 caries-free) between the age range of 6–13 years. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was recorded for caries-active children having a score range of 3–6 and under each score there were 25 cases. Midlo and Cummins method (1943) of recording palm prints was used using Indiana Ink (stamp pad), roller and printing papers. The prints were inspected with the help of magnifying lens and whorls and loops in each hand were recorded. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software 14.00, and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of collected data. Results: The number of whorls was found to be more in caries-active children with increased number of whorls in children with a higher DMFT whereas the number of loops was more in caries-free children. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). The number of whorls and loops was found to be more on the right hand as compared to the left hand. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there is a definite correlation between the number of whorls and loops and the presence of dental caries in children. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening method to provide adequate preventive treatment to children showing a higher caries risk as detected by the hand ridge patterns.
OQMw: An OO Quality Model for Web Applications

This paper describes an approach to analyze a Web application through an Object-Oriented model and to study application testability using a quality model focused on the use of Object-Oriented metrics and software analogies analysis. In particular, the paper focuses on the model interpretation and use. The proposed approach uses traditional Web and Object-Oriented metrics to describe structural properties of Web applications and to analyze them. These metrics are useful to measure some important software attributes, such as complexity, coupling, size, cohesion, reliability, and defects density. Furthermore, the analyzed quality model uses these Object-Oriented metrics to describe applications in order to predict some software quality factors (such as test effort, reliability, error proneness) through an instance-based classification system. The approach uses a classification system to study software analogies and to define a set of information then used as the basis for applications quality factors prediction and evaluation.
BradICS: Bradford Infant Care Study: A qualitative study of infant care practices and unexpected infant death in an urban multi-cultural UK population

This study is conducted in collaboration with the Born in Bradford study and is a qualitative follow-up investigation to the BradICS quantitative study. The BradICS study explored the variability between white British and South Asian families (the vast majority were of Pakistani origin) in Bradford, West Yorkshire in the UK focusing on well-known Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) related infant care behaviours. Utilising an evolutionary perspective this research qualitatively explores the infant care practices in relation to SIDS between white British and Pakistani mothers in Bradford. It is considered important to recognise the social and cultural environment where infant care is performed together with people’s perceptions of motherhood and infancy to fully understand infant care practices adopted in the family micro-environment. Methods This study employed the method of focused narrative interviews with 25 white British and 21 Pakistani mothers (n=46). In addition all quantitative socio-demographic information regarding the participants was obtained direct from the mothers and from the main Born in Bradford database. Results Several differences were noted between the white British and Pakistani families regarding parental smoking, alcohol consumption and the overall family network and environment. Variations were noted between the two groups for infant night and day time sleep locations, sleep positions and the overall sleep environment as well as infant care practices of sofa sharing, bathing and pacifier use. Differences were also noted between the white British and Pakistani families for parental concerns regarding infant temperature together with the use of infant temperature monitors and baby intercom monitors. Additionally, perceptions of motherhood and infancy showed variation between the white British and Pakistani mothers which influenced certain aspects of infant care. Conclusions The social and cultural ecology together with a mother’s perceptions of motherhood and infancy influence how mothers negotiate the SIDS prevention guidelines; either adopting, dismissing or adapting the health care advice regarding infant care in relation to SIDS.
Reorder Point and Replenishment Point of Dynamic Inventory Model under Shortages

In this study, single item dynamic inventory control model is analyzed. In this model the decision maker counts the inventory periodically, calculates the reorder point and the replenishment point, and decides to replenish the stock according to the inventory position. This calculation is difficult and requires complex mathematical transactions when the demand and lead time are stochastic. For this reason, in this study, the simulation method and genetic algorithms method are used to calculate the reorder point and replenishment point by using total cost function per period. In this function, the ordering cost, the holding cost and the penalty cost are taken into account. The results of these two methods are compared with classic method based on real data where the demand distribution is normal, and the lead time distribution is uniform. Thereafter, three cost calculations and their effects on reorder point and replenishment point are analyzed at two different levels.