Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An attempt to determine the size of the Common Barn-owl’s (Tyto alba) hunting area based on its prey composition

The relative abundance of small mammal species detected from Common Barn-owl pellets reflects the landscape structure and habitat pattern of the owl’s hunting area, but it is also affected by the size of the collected pellet sample and the size of the supposed hunting area. The questions arise: how many pellets should be collected and analyzed as well as how large hunting area should be taken into consideration in order to reach the best correspondence between the owl’s prey composition and the distribution of habitats preferred by small mammals preyed in supposed hunting areas? For this study, we collected 1045 Common Barn-owl pellets in a village in southern Hungary. All detected small mammal species were classified into functional groups (guilds) preferring urban, open, forest and wetland habitats. The proportion of functional groups was compared to the proportion of these habitats around the pellet collection site within circles of one, two, and three km radius. Saturation curves showed that at least 300 pellets or ca. 600 mammalian remains are required for the detection of the 19 small mammal species. The share of small mammals detected in the prey and their functional groups according to their habitat preference showed an increasing consistency with the distribution of real habitats in the potential hunting area of a radius of 3 km around the owl’s breeding or resting place.
Artistic Collaboration in Designing VR Visualizations

This article describes one of the recent major collaborative efforts, a class on designing VR scientific visualizations that was co-taught with professors and students from Brown University's computer science department and the Rhode Island School of Design's (RISD's) illustration department. We discuss here the experiences that led us to this conclusion; along with some of the tools we have developed to facilitate working with artists. Many of the experiences and conclusions relayed here are the results of this class. We then discuss three important themes that we derived from our experiences, which are all motivated by a desire to better facilitate artistic collaborations.
Whole Exome-Sequencing of Pooled Genomic DNA Samples to Detect Quantitative Trait Loci in Esotropia and Exotropia of Strabismus in Japanese

Background: Esotropia and exotropia are two major phenotypes of comitant strabismus. It remains controversial whether esotropia and exotropia would share common genetic backgrounds. In this study, we used a quantitative trait locus (QTL)-sequencing pipeline for diploid plants to screen for susceptibility loci of strabismus in whole exome sequencing of pooled genomic DNAs of individuals. Methods: Pooled genomic DNA (2.5 ng each) of 20 individuals in three groups, Japanese patients with esotropia and exotropia, and normal members in the families, was sequenced twice after exome capture, and the first and second sets of data in each group were combined to increase the read depth. The SNP index, as the ratio of variant genotype reads to all reads, and Δ(SNP index) values, as the difference of SNP index between two groups, were calculated by sliding window analysis with a 4 Mb window size and 10 kb slide size. The rows of 200 “N”s were inserted as a putative 200-b spacer between every adjoining locus to depict Δ(SNP index) plots on each chromosome. SNP positions with depth < 20 as well as SNP positions with SNP index of <0.3 were excluded. Results: After the exclusion of SNPs, 12,242 SNPs in esotropia/normal group and 12,108 SNPs in exotropia/normal group remained. The patterns of the Δ(SNP index) plots on each chromosome appeared different between esotropia/normal group and exotropia/normal group. When the consecutive groups of SNPs on each chromosome were set at three patterns: SNPs in each cytogenetic band, 50 consecutive sliding SNPs, and SNPs in 4 Mb window size with 10 kb slide size, p values (Wilcoxon signed rank test) and Q values (false discovery rate) in a few loci as Manhattan plots showed significant differences in comparison between the Δ(SNP index) in the esotropia/normal group and exotropia/normal group. Conclusions: The pooled DNA sequencing and QTL mapping approach for plants could provide overview of genetic background on each chromosome and would suggest different genetic backgrounds for two major phenotypes of comitant strabismus, esotropia and exotropia.
Three Novel Autophagy-Related lncRNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background: In the present study, autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were screened for diagnosis and prognosis, and the molecular mechanisms of LUAD at the genetic level were investigated. Methods: From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 497 gene expression data and 436 clinical data of LUAD cases were collected for analysis. In addition, 232 autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were extracted from the Human Autophagy Database (HADb). Spearman rank correlation test and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) were performed to screen the data. After filtering, a survival model including three autophagy-related lncRNAs was generated. Based on the following formula: risk score = ΣCoef gene i×Gene i expression, the risk score of all LUAD patients could be calculated. LUAD patients were divided into two groups based on risk score for survival curve using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Both univariate and multivariate survival analyses were used to determine whether the three lncRNAs were independent prognostic factors using the survival package in R. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of clinical data were created to assess the stability of the survival model. Finally, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis statistically lower than in the low-risk group 41.6% (95% CI: 0.307 - 0.563, P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of risk score was 0.700, indicating a higher diagnostic accuracy of risk score. The results of GSEA showed enrichment in 36 pathways, including pyrimidine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, and cell cycle in the high-risk group, and FC-EPSILON-RI signal pathway, intestinal immune network produced by IgA, and ABC transporters in the low-risk group. Conclusion: The prognosis model composed of autophagy-related lncRNAs, AC011477.2, AC099850.3, and TRG-AS1, in LUAD can be used to predict the prognosis of LUAD patients and is expected to improve clinical treatment.
Concept of durability index in product assurance planning

Interrelationships among customer expectations, engineering requirements, and current definitions of durability in the automobile industry are examined. A durability index (DI) is developed to complement inefficient existing definitions. Inherent deficiencies of current reliability development programs (CRDPs) are discussed, and a new methodology of robust reliability/durability development methodology (RR/DDM) is proposed which blends G. Taguchi's (1988) robust design methodology into the CRDP. Under this philosophy, reliability (life) testing serves only as a final validation tool, not a debugging device for design weaknesses. <<ETX>>
The Impact of China Carbon Emission Trading System on Land Use Transition: A Macroscopic Economic Perspective

The carbon emission trading system (CETS) is a milestone policy in the history of China’s emission trading system, which is of great significance to China’s realization of “carbon peak and carbon neutralization”. As an important component of sustainable development, LUT should be related to the CETS. However, in the literature on the CETS, little material deals with its impact on land use transition (LUT). This paper will enrich this literature. Based on 30 provincial regions in China from 2011 to 2017, using the DID and entropy methods, this study investigated the impact of CETS on the trend of LUT from three perspectives: economic effects, environmental effects and Porter effects. The conclusions are that (1) the implementation of the CETS hindered economic development, but optimized energy-use efficiency; (2) the implementation of the CETS reduced the emissions of CO2 and SO2; (3) the implementation of the CETS did not produce a Porter effect; and (4) the influence of the CETS had the characteristics of a spatial cluster. These findings offer some guidance for improving CETS policies and formulating similar environmental regulation policies.
Multifunctionality of agricultural water: looking beyond food production and ecosystem services

The concept of multifunctional agriculture recognizes important potential benefits of agriculture in addition to the production of food: environmental services (wildlife habitat, pleasing landscape), food security, rural livelihoods and regional economic vitality, stable households and communities, cultural heritage and identity, and religious, spiritual, and aesthetic values. Agricultural water can also be considered through a multifunctional lens using the same logic, but also adding functions that are specific to water. Through this analysis, water becomes much more valuable than if it is considered as merely an input to agricultural production. Because paddy‐based agriculture is based on water, an understanding of paddy's multifunctional nature helps to highlight the multifunctional nature of agricultural water. Four categories of functions are discussed: (1) economic and productive, (2) environmental, (3) sociocultural, and (4) rural development. Policy strategies for supporting these multiple functions are considered based on examples from Europe and Asia. The paper concludes with a discussion of water management and how the multiple functions of water can be incorporated into practical policies. Making wise decisions about water allocations to agriculture depends upon a sound understanding of the multiple benefits that agricultural water provides beyond the agriculture sector. While more research is needed, there is already a great deal of valuable research that has been carried out in the name of agriculture, and which can be applied to the challenges of understanding and managing agricultural water. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The acute effect of different massage durations on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance in muay thai athletes

Background and Study Aim. Muay thai is a combat sport in which the competitors kick, punch, knee, elbow and growl with their opponents. The strength of the leg muscles can increase the intensity of the kick and its flexibility is a well-known issue for this sport. Determining the most appropriate method for these issues provides important gains to the athletes. One of the methods applied to achieve these gains is acute massage applications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effect of different massage times on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance. Materials and Methods. Twelve healthy male muay thai athletes (age, 19.83± 1.46 years; height, 175.33± 7.91 cm; body mass, 65.16 ±13.36 kg) participated in the study, who exercised three times a week. The study consists of a single group. The study consists of 4 different massage duration protocols. These protocols consist of no massage (NM), five minutes massage (5MMSG), ten minutes massage (10MMSG) and fifteen minutes massage (15MMSG). Counter movement jump, squat jump, sitting and lying flexibility were measured after each massage period, respectively. All protocols were continued on consecutive days. Results. There was a significant main effect for flexibility (F = 10,872 ; p = 0.00), countermovement jump (F = 4.719 p=.008) and squat jump (F = 6.262 p=.002) performance. The best flexibility, countermovement jump and squat jump performance detected immediately after 5MMSG was respectively 35,16 ± 6,33; 37,17 ± 4,18 and next, 36,05 ± 4,68. Conclusion. As a result, it is recommended that different massage durations are effective in improving physical performance, and 5MMSG before competition is recommended for athletes and coaches to get more performance.
Usability of text input interfaces in smartphones

This paper reviews a number of different text input methods on smartphones and proposes how smartphone typing methods may inhibit user interaction rather than enhance it. It explores design and ergonomic considerations underpinning the use of six commonly used smartphone text input methods in order to determine and compare their usability. Furthermore, it discusses the results from testing smartphone users to assess which method is considered most efficient. It concludes that alternative input methods such as Swype and SwiftKey offer substantial benefits to users and are comparable with common typing speeds found on computer keyboards.
Critical Misbehaviour Prevention for a Secure Mobile Agent System

A software agent is an intelligent program that acts as a user's personal assistant. Software agents endowed with the property of mobility are called mobile agents. Mobile agents perform a user's task by migrating and executing on several hosts connected to the network. The main drawback of mobile agents is the security risk involved in using mobile agents. Security risks in a mobile computing environment are two-fold. Firstly a malicious mobile agent can damage a host. On the other hand a malicious host can tamper with the functioning of the mobile agent. Any behaviour exhibited by a machine that is not taken into account at the time of programming, regardless of its favourable or unfa- vourable outcome, is considered to be misbehaviour. The surveys conducted on mobile agent security gives idea about different techniques that can be used for ensuring security of mobile agents. In this section we uses digital signature and RSA encryption algorithm for providing mobile agent security. In this work, we use JADE for the development of mobile agents. JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework) is a soft- ware Framework fully implemented in Java language. JADE is free software and is distributed by Telecom Italia. In this work, JADE is en- hanced to confirm major security goals-confidentiality, integrity and availability.
Future geoengineering scenarios: balancing policy relevance and scientific significance

The Eleventh Meeting of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) What: The eleventh GeoMIP meeting aimed to discuss future scenarios to be used in climate models to better understand the societal and physical impacts of geoengineering, and new results from the latest simulations. When: 8 July–9 July 2021 Where: Online Submitted to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society as a meeting report The 11th annual Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) workshop was held on July 8 and 9, 2021. Like last year, it was held online due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While this obviously represented a challenge, it also offered the opportunity for a wide audience to join from six continents in the two days when it was held. Participants interested in presenting their work uploaded their presentations (or video recordings or posters) online in the weeks before the meeting, where they were available for all participants to peruse beforehand, allowing for a lively discussion during the 6 hours of the meeting itself. Overall, more than 70 Manuscript (non-LaTeX)
The MELD Score Is Superior to the Maddrey Discriminant Function Score to Predict Short-Term Mortality in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Global Study

INTRODUCTION: Several scoring systems predict mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), including the Maddrey discriminant function (mDF) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score developed in the United States, Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score in the United Kingdom, and age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine score in Spain. To date, no global studies have examined the utility of these scores, nor has the MELD-sodium been evaluated for outcome prediction in AH. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of different scores to predict short-term mortality in AH and investigated additional factors to improve mortality prediction. METHODS: Patients admitted to hospital with a definite or probable AH were recruited by 85 tertiary centers in 11 countries and across 3 continents. Baseline demographic and laboratory variables were obtained. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 28 and 90 days. RESULTS: In total, 3,101 patients were eligible for inclusion. After exclusions (n = 520), 2,581 patients were enrolled (74.4% male, median age 48 years, interquartile range 40.9–55.0 years). The median MELD score was 23.5 (interquartile range 20.5–27.8). Mortality at 28 and 90 days was 20% and 30.9%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 28-day mortality ranged from 0.776 for MELD-sodium to 0.701 for mDF, and for 90-day mortality, it ranged from 0.773 for MELD to 0.709 for mDF. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for mDF to predict death was significantly lower than all other scores. Age added to MELD obtained only a small improvement of AUC. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that the mDF score should no longer be used to assess AH's prognosis. The MELD score has the best performance in predicting short-term mortality.
Sensitivity of SWAT simulated reservoir inflow to climate change in a semi arid basin

Periyar reservoir is the major reservoir located in upstream of the main stream of river Vaippar having adequate flow during northeast monsoon. In this paper, the impact of climate change on inflow into that reservoir has been analysed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. In the model, a combination of change of precipitation (10%, 20%, -10%, and -20%), temperature (increase of 2°C, 4°C, and 6°C) and regional climate change scenario (A2 and B2) is given as input and the changes in river discharge and reservoir inflow are studied. It is found that the reservoir inflow are very much sensitive to decrease in precipitation (-29.1%, -28.9% for a decrease of -10%, -20%) compared to increase in precipitation (21.4%, 22.4% for an increase of 10%, 20%). Also, it is determined in this study that the changes in precipitation, rather than temperature, would have a significant effect on reservoir inflow since precipitation is the main driving force to stream flows.
SENSITIVITY OF LONG-TERM INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITION TO INITIAL QUALITY

Infrastructure condition throughout the lifetime of a facility is in part influenced by factors that are decided upon during initial design and construction. This paper presents a framework for exploring the sensitivity of the long-term infrastructure condition to changes in initial quality variables. Such variables, in addition to influencing design and construction costs, are expected to affect deterioration. Deterioration increases maintenance requirements and, consequently, the corresponding cost incurred in operating the system. Hence, there are two dimensions to the problem of interest. On the one hand, the economic perspective is concerned with the relationships among the costs associated with the various provision decisions and activities over the lifetime of a facility. On the other hand, the deterioration perspective is explicitly concerned with the actual initial quality and the physical degradation process. Two approaches aimed at exploring both dimensions are presented, and two corresponding example cases relating to light rail transit infrastructures and highway bridge decks are used for illustrative purposes. The value and limitations of both approaches along with their relationship are also discussed.
Push-Kanban – a kanban-based production control concept for job shops

Job-shop production in an individual and small-batch manufacturing environment demands producing simultaneously different products in many customised versions and in small numbers. The associated variability of the time-phased work content leads to a high degree of complexity and turbulence in the manufacturing process of such a production type. Therefore, production control becomes significantly more complicated, and many theories on how to cope fail in the real world. Despite the many technological and conceptual advances in the field of job-shop control over the past few decades, there is still a remarkable lack of practical control approaches for job-shop production. For this reason the Push-Kanban production control concept will be introduced in this article. It combines robust push scheduling along with a kanban-driven, decentralised inventory control mechanism to create a holistic control approach, integrating all production control tasks. Thus, it offers a feasible option for controlling job-shop production in industrial practice. This article examines the effectiveness of the concept by means of a simulation study based on real data.
Innovation potential of megaprojects: a systematic literature review

Abstract The interest in megaproject management and the role of innovation is increasing. However, the literature on this subject is fragmented, with studies focussing on ‘standard’ projects, failing to recognize the different nature of megaprojects, or discussing innovation dimensions as distinct components. The main aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of innovation in megaprojects. By means of a systematic literature review this paper synthesizes and analyzes the current academic literature on innovation in megaprojects and identifies potential research gaps. The paper presents the results of the descriptive and content analysis of the identified body of knowledge. We contribute to the literature by developing a theoretical integrated model of innovation in megaprojects, identifying dimensions of innovation, and deriving some propositions on these dimensions as well as the interactions between them. Key findings of the paper for the successful implementation of innovation in megaprojects include the planning for dynamic capability bundles and an innovation process that fits with the innovation package and its actualizing and complementary innovation interactions.