Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of integrative approaches in nematode taxonomy: the validity of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros as distinct genera

Abstract Despite the advances of molecular tools, new nematode species are still described mainly based on morphological characters. Parapharyngodon and Thelandros are two genera of oxyurids with unclear related taxonomic histories. Here we use morphological characters (linear measurements and categorical variables) and genetic information (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI partial gene sequences) to confirm the relationships between representatives of these two genera and to determine whether they can be discriminated morphologically. Genetic results confirm the existence of two main clades, mostly congruent with Parapharyngodon and Thelandros genera but with several discordances. Thelandros is polyphyletic, with two of the species analysed (T. filiformis and T. tinerfensis) being part of the Thelandros clade, but with a third one (T. galloti) falling within the Parapharyngodon clade. Regarding the Parapharyngodon clade, P. cubensis, P. scleratus and Parapharyngodon sp. from Mexico form congruent lineages, while most P. echinatus samples cluster in another group, with one exception. Interestingly, P. micipsae samples are scattered across the Parapharyngodon clade, suggesting that they were misidentified or rather represent alternative morphotypes of other species. Morphological analysis identified the length of the tail, number of caudal papillae, position of the nerve ring, presence of caudal alae and length of the lateral alae as reliable characters to distinguish between Parapharyngodon and Thelandros genetic clades. Our study highlights the current taxonomic inconsistency in these groups, mainly derived from the exclusive use of morphological data. As such, we advocate for the routine implementation of molecular data in nematode taxonomic studies.
The Impact of Adaptive Design on Portfolio Optimization

Background Pharmaceutical portfolios are optimized by improved allocation of a fixed budget into individual trials that leads to an improved value of a portfolio. This paper investigates how flexibility of adaptive design contributes to portfolio optimization. Methods An example portfolio was designed, and strategies that did or did not include trials with adaptive designs were specified. Operating characteristics of a traditional portfolio were compared to that of an adaptive portfolio. Adaptive portfolios offer potential advantages over traditional ones. Its flexibility largely increases the number of decision points, and as such it allows for a much more frequent reassessment of portfolios. Additionally, an adaptive portfolio can correct itself if initial decisions were made incorrectly. Results Despite all these advantages, the adaptive portfolio did not outperform the traditional portfolio. The main reason is that in this case, adaptive designs allowed for increases in sample size to the point where improvements per unit increase were minimal, instead of allocating this budget to additional trials. Conclusions It is critical to minimize missed opportunities to initiate new promising trials, and to increase sample size only in regions that promise meaningful improvements in power.
A Fast and Highly Accurate Battery Charger With Accurate Built-In Resistance Detection

This letter proposes a fast and highly accurate battery charger for mobile applications. The proposed battery charger accurately detects the built-in resistance (BIR) and determines the transition point from the constant-current (CC) to constant-voltage (CV) modes. It then maximizes and minimizes the durations of the CC and CV modes, respectively, thus reducing the battery charging time. In addition, the proposed charger accurately controls the charging current (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\text{BAT}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) by employing an adaptive <sc>off</sc>-time-controlled switching charger. The proposed battery charger was fabricated using a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. The measurement results showed that with the use of the accurate BIR detection and adaptive <sc>off</sc>-time-control methods, the proposed charger reduced the total charging time by up to 41.2% and achieved <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\text{BAT}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ripple of 52 mA<sub>p-p</sub>.
Three-dimensional tumor cell cultures employed in virotherapy research

Oncolytic virotherapy constitutes an upcoming alternative treatment option for a broad spectrum of cancer entities. However, despite great research efforts, there is still only a single US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency-approved oncolytic virus available for clinical use. One reason for that is the gap between promising preclinical data and limited clinical success. Since oncolytic viruses are biological agents, they might require more realistic in vitro tumor models than common monolayer tumor cell cultures to provide meaningful predictive preclinical evaluation results. For more realistic invitro tumor models, three-dimensional tumor cell-culture systems can be employed in preclinical virotherapy research. This review provides an overview of spheroid and hydrogel tumor cell cultures, organotypic tumor-tissue slices, organotypic raft cultures, and tumor organoids utilized in the context of oncolytic virotherapy. Furthermore, we also discuss advantages, disadvantages, techniques, and difficulties of these three-dimensional tumor cell-culture systems when applied specifically in virotherapy research.
Novel Arthroscopic Tendon Transfers for Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears: Latissimus Dorsi and Lower Trapezius Transfers

Background: Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears in both the primary and the revision setting are challenging problems. There remains controversy over the ideal treatment methods for these patients. In the case of an irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear, tendon transfers1-12 have emerged as a reliable option, with a durable outcome. The most commonly used tendon transfer options are the latissimus dorsi (LD)1-6and the lower trapezius (LT)12. Description: The LD transfer is performed by first harvesting the LT tendon from the humeral shaft. It is critical to release the many adhesions to the muscle belly as well as to separate it from the teres major muscle. The tendon is then transferred intra-articularly, in an interval between the deltoid and the teres minor. The tendon is anchored arthroscopically after preparation of the anterolateral aspect of the tuberosity. The LT transfer is performed by harvesting the LT muscle and tendon off its insertion on the medial aspect of the scapular spine. It should be mobilized to maximize excursion by releasing adhesions. An Achilles tendon allograft is anchored into the anterior aspect of the greater tuberosity arthroscopically. The Achilles tendon is then secured to the LT tendon. Alternatives: In addition to tendon transfer, options include:Partial or complete attempted repair13-17.Augmentation or bridging with allografts18-23.Superior capsular reconstruction24.Subacromial balloon25. Rationale: There remains a paucity of literature comparing tendon transfers with alternatives. However, when considering a tendon transfer, certain principles are critical in order to achieve an optimal outcome:The recipient and transferred tendons must have similar musculotendinous excursion.The recipient and transferred tendons should have similar lines of pull.One tendon (the transferred) should be designed to replace 1 function (of the recipient). The function of the transferred tendon and muscle should be expendable without substantial donor site morbidity.The strength of the transferred muscle must be at least grade 4. When deciding between the LT and LD transfer, certain considerations should be taken into account. The LD transfer has a proven history of successfully treating massive irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears in studies with long-term follow-up1-6. Alternatively, although the LT transfer has only recently gained popularity, it has the advantage of “in-phase” muscle function, since the trapezius naturally contracts during shoulder external rotation. Furthermore, its line of pull almost completely mimics the infraspinatus.
Data Quality Aware Task Allocation With Budget Constraint in Mobile Crowdsensing

With the pervasiveness of mobile devices, satisfying spatial-temporal coverage requirements in interested regions while considering the quality of the sensing data and the budget constraint is a major research challenge in mobile crowdsensing (MCS). In this paper, we define a novel coverage metric, quality coverage, which considers both the fraction of subareas covered by sensor readings and the quality of sensing data in each covered subarea, for diversified location-based MCS tasks. In our system, as participants with high reliability level can contribute a lot to sensing tasks, we design an incentive model that provides higher bonus to more reliable participants. After knowing the reward for the per amount of sensing data, each worker can submit an interested task set that contains several unit tasks. The platform assigns MCS tasks to these mobile workers by solving the task allocation optimization problems, which select the optimal mobile worker set under the budget of data requesters to maximize diverse and spatial coverage level in the whole sensing area. As the task allocation problems are proven to be NP-hard, we propose a heuristic and a polynomial-time greedy approximation algorithm to solve optimization problems in two different application scenarios. Simulations using both real and synthetic data sets show that our algorithms outperform existing approaches.
Fallopian Tube Lesions in Women at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer: A Multicenter Study

The prognosis of women diagnosed with invasive high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is poor. More information about serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) and serous tubal intraepithelial lesions (STIL), putative precursor lesions of HGSC, could inform prevention efforts. We conducted a multicenter study to identify risk/protective factors associated with STIC/STILs and characterize p53 signatures in the fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes and ovaries of 479 high-risk women ≥30 years of age who underwent bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy were reviewed for invasive cancer/STICs/STILs. Epidemiologic data was available for 400 of these women. In 105 women, extensive sampling of the tubes for STICs/STILs/p53 signatures were undertaken. Descriptive statistics were used to compare groups with and without lesions. The combined prevalence of unique tubal lesions [invasive serous cancer (n = 6) /STICs (n = 14)/STILs (n = 5)] was 6.3% and this was split equally among BRCA1 (3.0%) and BRCA2 mutation carriers (3.3%). A diagnosis of invasive cancer was associated with older age but no risk/protective factor was significantly associated with STICs/STILs. Extensive sampling identified double the number of STICs/STILs (11.9%), many p53 signatures (27.0%), and multiple lesions in 50% of the cases. Women with p53 signatures in the fimbria were older than women with signatures in the remaining tube (P = 0.03). STICs/STILs may not share the protective factors that are associated with HGSC. It is plausible that these factors are only associated with STICs that progress to HGSC. Having multiple lesions in the fimbria may be an important predictor of disease progression. Cancer Prev Res; 11(11); 697–706. ©2018 AACR.
A Study on Development of Autonomous Vehicle for Urban Road Navigation

As the sensors and actuators for building an autonomous vehicle are getting increasingly affordable, both industry and research can now leverage on autonomous vehicle platform for various purposes. This paper presents a study of realizing a class of autonomous vehicle called Autonomous Service Vehicle (ASV) in the context of urban road navigation. The goal is to apply autonomous vehicle technology for human service oriented tasks. The ASV design is made for general service vehicles and it is intended to be reusable in term of hardware and software infrastructure. Components of the ASV are presented and experimentation was conducted to validate and evaluate the ASV. Further directions and necessary customization are explained in order to adapt the ASV design for various projects. q1
SIR Rumor spreading model with trust rate distribution

In this paper, we study a rumor spreading model in which several types of ignorants exist with trust rate distributions \begin{document}$λ_i $\end{document} , \begin{document}$≤ i≤ N$\end{document} . We rigorously show the existence of a threshold on a momentum type initial quantity related to rumor outbreak occurrence regardless of the total initial population. We employ a steady state analysis to obtain the final size of the rumor. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate the analytical result in which the threshold phenomenon exists for rumor size and discuss interaction between the ignorants of several types of trust rates.
RF Source Localization using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Particle Filter

In this paper, we propose a solution for the localization problem of a radio frequency (RF) emitting source over a large scale environment with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Target localization using received signal strength indicator(RSSI) is one of the most challenging problem because of noise characteristics. To evaluate the noise effect on RSSI, we perform a RSSI measurement test. This adds value for proper model and helps to implement a more realistic simulation system. For the localization process, the particle filter is utilized in this paper instead of tools such as Extended Kalman Filter with multi UAVs. Simulation environment and software-in-the-loop system are prepared to exhibit the conceptual proof with realistic models and autopilot system. Simulation results show that, mean search time for localization is 84.06 seconds and mean distance error is 13.96 meters.
Articulatory-Acoustic Analyses of Mandarin Words in Emotional Context Speech for Smart Campus

Recent years, along with the promotion of smart campus, social networks developed rapidly which demands high accuracy of man-man & man-machine interaction technologies. Thus, physiological information in speech interactive processing has become an important complement or even replaced acoustic-based features. With the aim of assessing the influence of emotions on articulatory-acoustic features in speech production, the current study explored the articulatory mechanism that underlying emotional speech production of Mandarin words. We first used the AG501 EMA device to collect articulatory and acoustic data synchronously as subjects were speaking specific words in Mandarin with different emotions, e.g., anger, sadness, happiness, and neutral; articulatory and acoustic features then were extracted from the collected data and analyzed in a one-way ANOVA to discover the significance of emotions on articulatory and acoustic features. The results illustrated that the motion of articulators (tongue and lip) were influenced by emotions significantly; in detail, the motion range of tongue and lip with anger were larger than other emotions, meanwhile, tongue speed and lip speed with anger and happiness were more sensitive than with sadness and neutral in emotional words. Results had been discussed to discover the relationship between acoustic and articulatory features of emotional speech, and then the conclusion can be acquired that articulatory motion feature (tongue and lip) may be the major feature of emotional speech recognition, so that which can be applied to the man-machine interaction of smart campus research in the future.
Non-Isolated Interleaved Flyback Converter

There is an ever-increasing demand for viable, clean, energy sources. The main obstacle in using solar energy sources is that the output voltage obtained is too low for practical use. The obtained output voltage should be stepped up considerably in connection with the utility mains. DC-DC converters also find a place in smart grid systems with Distributed Generation (DG) units. The objective of this paper is to design an efficient, non isolated DC-DC converter. The proposed design consists of a two- phase interleaved boost converter with a flyback stage coupled to one of its phases. The primary features of the topology are continuous input current, moderate duty ration operation, and relatively reduced device stresses. Results of SPICE simulations prove the validity of the converter. Experimental verification of the proposed converter is to be taken up as future work.
Exploring Significant Heart Disease Factors based on Semi Supervised Learning Algorithms

Heart Disease is one of the leading diseases that causes enormous loss of lives all over the world. There are happened many works to diagnosis heart disease. In this paper, we are considered some unusual approaches to find out significant factors of heart diseases. There are considered two heart disease data (Cleveland & Hungarian) and both of them are divided into 33%, 65% and 100% data. Values of different range of individual attributes in these data are determined to find out relevant factors of this disease. Then, different semi supervised learning algorithms such as Collective Wrapper, Filtered Collective and Yet Another Semi Supervised Idea are used to analyze heart disease data. There are considered some metrics of these classifiers like accuracy, f-measure and area under ROC to justify individual classifiers and specify the best semi supervised learning algorithm. This algorithm is explored significant and irrelevant factors of heart disease by removing attributes one after another sequentially and observing the outcomes of classification. Experiment results on two real data demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our analysis.
Caregivers' Perceptions of Their Child's Language Disorder: Alignment between Caregivers and Speech–Language Pathologists

Abstract Caregivers' perceptions regarding their child's language disorder may influence caregivers' involvement in therapy as well as daily home interactions, thus impacting developmental outcomes. However, little is known about the alignment between caregivers' perceptions of their child's language disorder and those of speech–language pathologists (SLPs), nor of factors that might relate to alignment between caregivers and SLPs. This study addressed three aims: (1) to characterize caregivers' perceptions regarding children's quality of communicative interactions, competence in communicative abilities, and outcomes of communicative improvement; (2) to measure alignment between caregivers' and SLPs' perceptions; and (3) to explore caregiver- and child-level factors that might relate to alignment. Caregivers and SLPs of 3- to 4-year-old children currently receiving treatment for language disorders completed questionnaires to assess perceptions along with two caregiver factors (maternal education and self-efficacy) and child language disorder severity. Caregivers' perceptions were more positive and more variable than those of SLPs. However, caregivers and SLPs agreed in rating perceptions of present and future outcomes higher than either quality or competence. Maternal education, caregiver's self-efficacy, and children's language disorder severity were not related to alignment between caregivers and SLPs. Given the variability in caregivers' perceptions, future research should explore the role of perceptions in children's language intervention outcomes.
Arabic Vocabulary Mobile Apps: Combining Dictionary Use and Contextual Guessing Strategies

This study aims to develop a mobile Game-based Learning (mGBL) application to help student learn Arabic vocabulary using dictionary use and contextual guessing strategies. Although dictionary usage is more common among students, most language experts encourage the use of contextual guessing strategy. Both strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages, thus complementing each other when combined together. The developed application, dubbed ‘Qolam’, was built using the mGBL model. Several digital game-based learning features such as goal or objective, challenges, narrative, fantasy, hints, rewards, and feedback were applied in this mobile game application. A formative evaluation was done to test the prototype of the developed mobile application using a structured interview. Participants were Form 1 students from a secondary school in Malaysia taking the Arabic language subject. The students agreed that this mGBL application, which employed both dictionary use and contextual guessing strategies, was helpful in learning Arabic vocabulary.
Beamforming Design for Multi-Hop Amplify-and-Forward MIMO Relay

This paper considers a multi-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay network. In the multi-hop AF MIMO relay network, the performance deteriorates as the number of hops increases because the effect of noise is enhanced. To suppress the effect of noise, this paper proposes the two beamforming schemes using channel state information (CSI) for the transmit beamforming at the source, relay beamforming at the relay, and receive beamforming at the destination. The forward-and-backward-CSI based beamforming and all-CSI based beamforming schemes are designed at each node based on the minimum mean square error criterion under the source and relay transmit power constraint. The forward-and-backward-CSI based beamforming scheme is designed by using the two matrices, forward channel, and backward channel. The two matrices are designed by using the beamforming matrices and channels from the previous nodes. Unlike the forward-and-backward-CSI based beamforming scheme, the all-CSI based beamforming scheme is designed by using all channels and an iterative algorithm. In terms of the complexity, the forward-and-backward-CSI based beamforming scheme is superior to the all-CSI based beamforming scheme. However, the all-CSI based beamforming scheme has advantage over the forward-and-backward-CSI based beamforming scheme in terms of the performance.
Development of an Automatic Answering System to Arithmetic Questions

Nowadays, there has been a huge interest in answering the arithmetic questions expressed in Natural Language. Although there are some useful researches in solving word problems, there are still some limitations since the answers of the Math Word Problems (MWP) cannot be easily obtained with the approach of keyword and/or pattern matching. According to this motivation, an approach to generate an equation from the problem and form a solution is proposed. The aim of this proposed work is to implement an Automatic Question Answering System that can operate operations between numbers for the elementary word problems. The system is implemented with the unit solving graph and the arithmetic solver. As the system is resulted the equation along with the solution, an elementary student can gain many benefits from this. And the system is tested and evaluated the benchmark dataset from ARIS system (Hosseini et. al., 2014). The system is able to solve 83.55% of the benchmark dataset and outperforms the ARIS system by over the accuracy of 7%.