Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolved circumbinary disk of AC Herculis: a radiative transfer, interferometric, and mineralogical study

Context. Many post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars in binary systems have an infrared (IR) excess arising from a dusty circumbinary disk. The disk formation, current structure, and further evolution are, however, poorly understood. Aims. We aim to constrain the structure of the circumstellar material around the post-AGB binary and RV Tauri pulsator AC Her. We want to constrain the spatial distribution of the amorphous and of the crystalline dust. Methods. We present very high-quality mid-IR interferometric data that were obtained with the MIDI/VLTI instrument. We analyze the MIDI visibilities and differential phases in combination with the full spectral energy distribution, using the MCMax radiative transfer code, to find a good structure model of AC Her’s circumbinary disk. We include a grain size distribution and midplane settling of dust self-consistently in our models. The spatial distribution of crystalline forsterite in the disk is investigated with the mid-IR features, the 69 μm band and the 11.3 μm signatures in the interferometric data. Results. All the data are well fitted by our best model. The inclination and position angle of the disk are precisely determined at i = 50 ± 8° and PA = 305 ± 10°. We firmly establish that the inner disk radius is about an order of magnitude larger than the dust sublimation radius. The best-fit dust grain size distribution shows that significant grain growth has occurred, with a significant amount of mm-sized grains now being settled to the midplane of the disk. A large total dust mass ≥10-3 M⊙ is needed to fit the mm fluxes. By assuming αturb = 0.01, a good fit is obtained with a small grain size power law index of 3.25, combined with a small gas/dust ratio ≤10. The resulting gas mass is compatible with recent estimates employing direct gas diagnostics. The spatial distribution of the forsterite is different from the amorphous dust, as more warm forsterite is needed in the surface layers of the inner disk. Conclusions. The disk in the AC Her system is in a very evolved state, as shown by its small gas/dust ratio and large inner hole. Mid-IR interferometry offers unique constraints, complementary to mid-IR features, for studying the mineralogy in disks. A better uv coverage is needed to constrain in detail the distribution of the crystalline forsterite in the disk of AC Her, but we find strong similarities with the protoplanetary disk HD 100546.
A comparison of methods for estimating fish assemblages associated with estuarine artificial reefs

Monitoring strategies which adequately represent the entire community associated with artificial structures will enable more informed decisions regarding the broader effects of artificial structures and their role in the management of fisheries resources. Despite the widespread application of a range of in situ visual monitoring methodologies used in the assessment of artificial structures, the relative biases associated with each method have not been critically examined and remain poorly understood. Estimates of fish abundance on six estuarine artificial reefs carried out by divers using underwater visual census techniques (UVC) were compared with estimates of relative abundance determined by baited remote underwater video (BRUV). It was found that when combined, both methods provided a more comprehensive description of the species associated with estuarine artificial reefs. However, the difference in the number of species detected and the frequency of detection varied between methods. Results indicated that the differences in rates of detection between UVC and BRUV methodologies were primarily related to the ecological niche and behaviour of the species in question. UVC provided better estimates of the rare or cryptic reef associated species. BRUV sampled a smaller proportion of species overall but did identify key recreational species such as Acanthopagrus australis, Pagrus auratus and Rhabdosargus sarba with increased frequency. Correlation of abundance indices for species classified as "permanent" identified interspecific interactions that may act as a source of bias associated with BRUV observations.
Factors related to Self-care Behaviors among Older Adults with Heart Failure in Thai Nguyen General Hospital , Vietnam

Self-care behavior is well known to prevent frequent hospitalization and to reduce the mortality rates among older adults with heart failure. This descriptive correlational study aimed to explore the level of self-care behavior and to examine the relationships between related factors (gender, income, educational level, comorbidity, heart failure knowledge and social support) and self-care behaviors among older adults with heart failure. One hundred and twenty-six participants were conveniently sampled and participated into this study during January to March 2011. The data collection was performed at the Cardiology-Rheumatology Unit of Thai Nguyen General Hospital, Vietnam using four questionnaires: The Demographic and Clinical Data Form, The Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale (with its reliability of .72), The European Heart Failure Selfcare Behaviors Scale-9 (with its reliability of .73), and The Multidimensional Scale Perceived Social Support (with its reliability of .74). Percentage, mean, standard deviation, Spearman Correlation Coefficient and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the samples had low level of self-care behaviors of heart failure ( X =33.58, SD = 5.32). Knowledge of heart failure and social support statistically significant correlated with self-care behaviors (r =.66, and r =.53, p <.01, respectively). Nursing intervention programs in regarding of social support and knowledge of heart failure are recommended for enhancing self-care behaviors of older adults with heart failure. Keywords– Heart failure, Older adults, Self-care behaviors.
How do unanticipated discoveries of oil ﬁelds affect the oil price?

The Hotelling rule argues that the price for a nonrenewable resource adjusts to the shadow value of the resource, reﬂecting the remaining availability of the resource. We empirically test the Hotelling rule on the eﬀect of unanticipated oil ﬁeld discoveries. We do not ﬁnd evidence for a signiﬁcant adjustment of the price of crude oil to news about greater resource availability and therefore conclude that the price for crude oil does not follow the theoretically optimal price path.
Study on Spatial Distribution of Tsetse Fly and Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and other Risk Factors: Case Study in Darimu District, Ilu Aba Bora Zone, Western Ethiopia

African Animal Trypanosomosis is one of the major impediments to livestock development and agricultural production in Ethiopia, which negatively affect the overall development in agriculture in general, and to food self-reliance efforts in particular. Currently, about 180,000 to 200,000km 2 of fertile arable land of west and southwest of the country is underutilized. Darimu district is one of the areas with such problems. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and determines spatial distribution and apparent density of tsetse and other biting flies in the study area. In current study, a total of 650 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals and subjected to Buffy coat parasitological laboratory technique and positive samples were subjected to thin blood smear followed by Giemsa staining. Out of the total blood sampled, 7.1% tested positive for trypanosomosis. Out of positive cases, Trypanosoma congolense (82.61%) was the dominant trypanosome species followed by mixed infection ( Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax ) (8.67%). Infection with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma brucei were equally prevalent 4.35% (2/46). Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the prevalence among the species of trypanosomes. Trypanosomosis prevalence based on body conditions were found to be: 11.43%, 5.40% and 4.16% in poor, medium and good body condition, respectively and there were statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in infection rate among animals of different body conditions. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) values of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals were 21.18 + 2.91 and 28.28 + 3.82, respectively and was statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, for entomological survey, a total of 1170 flies were caught by deploying 70 monopyramidal shaped traps. Of these flies, 962 (82.22%) were Glossina , whilst the remaining flies were either Stomoxys (12.56%) or Tabanus (5.21%). The overall apparent densities of tsetse flies, Stomoxys and Tabanus were 6.87 f/t/d, 1.05 f/t/d and 0.44f/t/d, respectively. Generally, this survey showed that despite frequent control strategy is implemented; trypanosomosis is still a core problem for livestock production in the study area. Therefore, the current control strategies implemented in the area should be assessed and integrated disease and vectors control approaches should be practiced. Keywords: Prevalence; Bovine Trypanosomosis; Buffy coat; Spatial distribution, Tsetse fly; Darimu
TYPES OF TOURISM ASSOCIATED WITH GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE ADJOINING COUNTIES OF SATU MARE AND SZABOLCS-SZATMÁR-BEREG BÂTEA ( BOTA )

– Types of tourism associated with ground-water resources in the adjoining counties of Satu Mare and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. Bearing a long and unceasing history based on harnessing the healing effects of thermal and mineral springs, curative tourism represents one of the earliest forms of travel. Due to its multiple facets of medical, social and economic nature, this form has been aligned on a global upward trend, marking thus a shift towards health tourism. At present, the spectrum of health tourism comprises both the medical and wellness dimensions reuniting several specific types (surgical, therapeutic, medical wellness, leisure and holistic), however the practice of such activities strongly depends on the destination components (natural assets, general and tourism infrastructure). In the case of Satu Mare and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties, spas and localities endowed with therapeutic factors (mineral and thermal springs completed with the bioclimatic component) tardily undertake this trend in an attempt to reorganise their touristic offer. Within this context, the present paper aims to explore the prespectives for health tourism development through ground-water resources by emphasising the touristic potential of thermal and mineral springs from the two neighbouring counties. Furthermore, the study has revealed that therapeutic and wellness tourism represent viable directions to generate revenue and revitalise the economy of the area.
ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series COM 2014-0939

Studies have shown that user interactions with search results can provide relevance information on the documents displayed in the results. Therefore this study was undertaken with the aim to improve search results, particularly the document relevancy by using two implicit feedback techniques, namely text highlight and the number of times a page is reviewed. Laboratory experiments were conducted and results showed improved relevancy when both these techniques were integrated. To be specific, the mean average precision (MAP) was found to be approximately 74.2%, and the average precision at level 100 (11-standard levels) was 56.8%, compared to baseline (55% and 44%, respectively). Additionally, the normalized discounted cumulative gain also exhibits improved relevancy for the combined techniques (81%) than the baseline (69%). Overall results also indicate that more relevant documents were returned when both implicit feedback techniques were integrated compared to single technique.
The Role of Environmental Justice in Biodiversity Conservation: Investigating experiences of communities near Kruger National Park, South Africa

This paper uses an environmental justice framework to examine the experiences of marginalized communities near Kruger National Park. While biodiversity conservation has been predominantly understood as a neutral and ahistorical objective, a critical perspective reveals that a range of power relations inform its definitions and processes. Further, the spaces in which conservation efforts are undertaken are vulnerable to reproducing inequalities of the larger society in which they are situated. I establish biodiversity conservation in Kruger as an environmental justice issue and frame the discussion regarding communities near the Park within the categories of (a) land ownership and resource use, (b) community participation in park management and decision-making, and (c) justly shared economic and socio-cultural benefits. While improvements have occurred, the maintenance of Kruger requires integrating an environmental justice perspective to its programs and a more meaningful partnership with surrounding marginalized communities to ensure equitable use and benefits of the Park.
Investment Crowding-Out: Firm-Level Evidence from Germany

The main objective of the present paper is to estimate the extent to which firm investment is substituted (crowded-out) by investment support policies granted under the EU Rural Development Programme (RDP). In the empirical analyses we employ the difference-in-difference propensity score matching approach, which allows us to address several important sources of bias, such as selection bias, the simultaneity bias, and functional form misspecification, from which many previous studies suffer. Using panel data of 1,333 firms from the Schleswig-Holstein region in Germany, we find that the crowding-out effect of the RDP is close to 100%, implying that firms use public support to substitute for private investments. Furthermore, no evidence was found that, due to RDP programme support, firms would have brought forward their investments planned originally in a later period, rejecting the f inter-temporal substitution of investments.
Carbon biomass, and gross growth rates as estimated from 14C pigment labelling, during photoacclimation in Prochlorococcus CCMP 1378

The 14C labelling of chlorophylls and carotenoids is Increasingly used to evaluate phytoplanktomc biomass and growth rates in oceanlc systems. Hlgorous testing of the technique in the laboratory, however, is necessary prior to its application in the field. A Mediterranean clone of Prochlorococcus, a photosynthetic prokaryote whlch is an important component of the aulotrophic b~omass in o l~go t roph~c environments, was subjected to shifts in light intensity. Particulate organlc carbon (POC) was monitored by CHN analysis, pigments by HPLC and frochlorococcus and heterotrophlc bacteria concentrations by flow cytometry. Using a combination of HPLC and on-line rad~oact~vlty detection, I4C labelling kinetics of divinyl-chlorophyll a (DV-chl a) and zeaxanthin were follo\. ved Prochlorococcus changed ~ t s DV-chl a content markedly in response to change in light ~ntenslty, but not its zeaxanthin content, which remained nearly constant around 1.07 fg cell-' regdrdless of the ~rradiance. P~gment synthes~s rates were correctly est~rnated from their '"C incorporation rates whatever the light level. From POC measurcmcnts and cell concentrations, the Prochlorococcus carbon content was estimated to be 49 fg C cell-l. bioreover, under both constant and shifted (high to low and vlce versa) light conditlons, Prochlorococcus growth rate (as computed from variations in cell dens~ty) was much better estimated from zeaxanthin than fl-orn DV-chl a labelling rates.
The social structural foundations of adaptation and transformation in social-ecological systems

Social networks are frequently cited as vital for facilitating successful adaptation and transformation in linked social-ecological systems to overcome pressing resource management challenges. Yet confusion remains over the precise nature of adaptation vs. transformation and the specific social network structures that facilitate these processes. Here, we adopt a network perspective to theorize a continuum of structural capacities in social-ecological systems that set the stage for effective adaptation and transformation. We begin by drawing on the resilience literature and the multilayered action situation to link processes of change in social-ecological systems to decision making across multiple layers of rules underpinning societal organization. We then present a framework that hypothesizes seven specific social-ecological network configurations that lay the structural foundation necessary for facilitating adaptation and transformation, given the type and magnitude of human action required. A key contribution of the framework is explicit consideration of how social networks relate to ecological structures and the particular environmental problem at hand. Of the seven configurations identified, three are linked to capacities conducive to adaptation and three to transformation, and one is hypothesized to be important for facilitating both processes. We discuss how our theoretical framework can be applied in practice by highlighting existing empirical examples from related environmental governance contexts. Further extension of our hypotheses, particularly as more data become available, can ultimately help guide the design of institutional arrangements to be more effective at dealing with change.
Repositioning for Changing Preferences: The Case of Beef versus Poultry

The authors demonstrate that a superior, high-share product (beef) could lose its relative position and sales as a result of a change in consumer preference for an attribute (convenience) on which the competition (poultry) was actually weaker. They use multiple data sources to show this has happened for beef and poultry, rather than the alternative explanation of increased health awareness. These sources include United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) consumption data, a time series of new product introductions, and a sample of convenience beef and poultry products. The data support the hypothesis that increased demand for convenience contributed to poultry's success rather than the explanation that increased health awareness is solely responsible. Copyright 1991 by the University of Chicago.
LOFAR-Boötes: properties of high- and low-excitation radio galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.0

© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Migration , Education and Work Opportunities PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

Most developing countries feature large differences between urban centers and rural regions in terms of economic opportunities, schooling facilities and infrastructure. These considerable disparities and varying local returns to education create differential incentives for education and migration decisions. This paper studies migration, education and work choices in Burkina Faso in a dynamic life cycle model. It is estimated exploiting long panel data of migrants and non-migrants combined with cross-section data on permanent emigrants. We find that the seemingly large returns to migration from rural regions to urban centers or abroad dwindle away once the risk of unemployment, risk aversion, living cost differentials and migration costs are factored in. Similarly, we can also show that returns to education are not as large as measures on wage earners would suggest. While education substantially increases the probability of finding a well-paid job in a medium-high-skilled occupation rather than in a low-skilled occupation, we also find that the risk of unemployment for labour market entrants is inverse U-shaped in education, peaking at secondary schooling. Finally, we also shed light on the self-selection pattern of migrants. Both educated and unschooled individuals migrate; educated individuals migrate to urban centers where they can reap returns to education (positive selection) while unschooled migrants choose to go to Côte d’Ivoire where they are likely to find work in a low-skilled occupation (negative selection). JEL: J61, O15, R58
A UK Financial Conditions Index Using Targeted Data Reduction: Forecasting and Structural Identification

A financial conditions index(FCI)is designed to summarise the state of financial markets. We construct two with UK data. The first is the first principal component(PC)of a set of financial indicators. The second comes from a new approach taking information from a large set of macroeconomic variables weighted by the joint covariance with a subset of the financial indicators (a set of spreads), using multivariate partial least squares, again using the first factor. The resulting FCIs are broadly similar. They both have some forecasting power for monthly GDP in a quasi-real-time recursive evaluation from 2011-2014 and outperform an FCI produced by Goldman Sachs. A second factor, that may be interpreted as a monetary conditions index, adds further forecast power, while third factors have a mixed effect on performance. The FCIs are used to improve identification of credit supply shocks in an SVAR. The main effects relative to an SVAR excluding an FCI of the (adverse) credit shock IRFs are to make the positive impact on inflation more precise and to reveal an increased positive impact on spreads.
Analogical cognition and understanding a word

Gentner describes a notion of ‘analogical cognition’ that could play a significant role in elucidating what is involved in understanding a word. Gentner’s work has not, though, had much or any impact in linguistics or the philosophy of language. I explain key features of Gentner’s notion, and I argue that it explains how word understanding can be stable, specific, and shared, and how words can contribute to cognition as opposed to just being a means of conveying thoughts.
Assessing the fit of site-occupancy models

Few species are likely to be so evident that they will always be detected at a site when present. Recently a model has been developed that enables estimation of the proportion of area occupied, when the target species is not detected with certainty. Here we apply this modeling approach to data collected on terrestrial salamanders in the Plethodon glutinosus complex in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, and wish to address the question “how accurately does the fitted model represent the data? ” The goodness-of-fit of the model needs to be assessed in order to make accurate inferences. This article presents a method where a simple Pearson chi-square statistic is calculated and a parametric bootstrap procedure is used to determine whether the observed statistic is unusually large. We found evidence that the most global model considered provides a poor fit to the data, hence estimated an overdispersion factor to adjust model selection procedures and inflate standard errors. Two hypothetical datasets with known assumption violations are also analyzed, illustrating that the method may be used to guide researchers to making appropriate inferences. The results of a simulation study are presented to provide a broader view of the methods properties.