Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early detection of ESSENCE in Japanese 0-4-year-olds. Studies of neurodevelopmental problems in the community and in clinics

Background: Early identification of children with neurodevelopmental problems/ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations) is a critical issue both in the community and in clinical settings. Aims: Approach early identification of ESSENCE from three different angles; training for health professionals, early concern regarding motor development, and the development and preliminary validation of a new one-page screening questionnaire, the ESSENCE-Q. Methods: (Study I) Evaluate the effect of seminars and materials developed for the training of health professionals engaging in child 18month check-ups, using a before-and-after questionnaire. (Study II) Explore whether concern about early motor development may be an indication of ESSENCE, using a prospective clinical cohort of children under age two years. (Study III) Develop and examine the ESSENCE-Q as a parent screening questionnaire in a clinical setting, in the context of an explorative study of the ESSENCE-Q used for one year in a neurodevelopmental clinic. (Study IV) Validate the ESSENCE-Q in a community setting targeting mothers, public health nurses, and psychologists in routine childhealth check-ups. Results: (Study I) Overall subjective evaluation was positive, and self-confidence of public health nurses improved after the seminar. (Study II) The majority of children with concern about early motor delay had ESSENCE. (Study III) The ESSENCE-Q appeared to have good psychometric properties as a parent questionnaire in a clinical setting. (Study IV) The ESSENCE-Q when used by public health nurses and psychologists appeared to have good psychometric properties in a public health setting. Conclusion: Neurodevelopmental disorders/problems can often be identified in very early childhood. Careful observation of motor development would seem to be crucial, and the ESSENCE-Q would be a useful tool in screening for ESSENCE both in clinics and in the general preschool population of children. Public health nurses may be the most appropriate professionals in the screening process, and providing training for them in the field of ESSENCE is critical.
A Novel HRM Strategy for Detection of BRCA Mutations on Mexican

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy in women in both developed and less-developed countries [1-9]. In 2012, 1.67 million new cases were diagnosed worldwide, representing 25% of all cancers [10]. BC is the major cause of mortality in both developed (198,000 deaths, 15.4% of total; ranking second after lung cancer) and less-developed (324,000 deaths, 14.3% of total; ranking fırst) countries. About one in 12 women in the West develop BC at some point in their life [11].
Contraction-Excitation Feedback in Myocardium Physiological Basis and Clinical Relevance

EXCITATION-CONTRACTION coupling in ventricular myocardium has received exhaustive investigation. Feedback processes in the reverse direction between contraction and excitation are less conspicuous and, not surprisingly, have attracted little notice despite their potential physiological and clinical importance. For the present, contraction-excitation feedback is inferred when changes in mechanical stress or strain cause or precede changes in membrane potential. For example, reduced force development or increased shortening can induce greater depolarization. Contraction-excitation feedback, according to the type and timing of the mechanical change producing it, can appear either as a prolongation of an action potential, or as a transient depolarization. This review will describe the circumstances under which contraction-excitation feedback occurs, discuss possible explanations for the phenomenon, and speculate on its potential importance in selected clinical situations. The durations of the action potential and of contraction in the heart are of the same order of magnitude. This relationship allows mechanical activation to influence the initiating, concurrent action potential. However, the term "feedback" may be a misnomer, as the process may comprise initiating factors that cause both electrical and mechanical changes. These factors may also be common to excitation-contraction coupling. Accordingly, a precis of the relevant aspects of excitation-contraction coupling is given in Figure 1. There are comprehensive reviews elsewhere (Huxley, 1974; Noble, 1975; Fozzard, 1977; Tsien, 1977; Coraboeuf, 1978; Carmeliet, 1978; Nayler and Williams, 1978; Vassalle, 1979; Reuter, 1979; Chapman, 1979; Fabiato and Fabiato, 1979; Katz, 1979). The action potential normally causes a rise in sarcoplasmic calcium concentration, [Ca]8 via the mechanisms outlined in Figure 1. This instigates and mainly controls actin and myosin interaction. Relaxation is induced by processes that lower [Ca]s. Active tension is also modulated by cyclic AMP and changes in binding constants of Ca for troponin. The configuration of the action potential can be modified by three basic mechanisms: the degree of inactivation or recovery of ionic currents, accumulations, involving, for example, internal Ca and external K, and ionic exchange such as Na/K and Na/Ca.
TV-Acetylcysteine Potentiates Platelet Inhibition by Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor

Recent evidence suggests that endothelium-derived relaxing factor exhibits properties of nitric oxide. Like nitric oxide, it inhibits platelet function and mediates its effects by elevating intracellular cyclic GMP. In this study we have investigated the role of reduced thiol in the mechanism of action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor on platelets. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were grown on microcarrier beads and pretreated with aspirin before use. Endothelial cells stimulated with bradykinin or exposed to stirred medium expressed a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation that was potentiated by the reduced thiol, /V-acetykysteine. Endothelial cell-mediated platelet inhibition was attenuated by methylene blue. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by endothelial cells was associated with a rise in platelet intracellular cyclic GMP, an effect that was enhanced by JV-acetylcysteine. These data show that 1) the reduced thiol N-acetylcysteine potentiates platelet inhibition by endothelium-derived relaxing factor and 2) this effect is associated with increasing intracellular platelet cyclic GMP levels.
BRIEF REVIEWS Fatty Acids as Substrates for Heart and Skeletal Muscle

QUANTITATIVE study of organ and tissue metabolism in situ Chauveau in 1887. ' is no more important question in general physiology than the study of the relationship between chemical and mechanical work of muscle," Chauveau's first paper began. "Here is the problem I sought to resolve," he continued. "To determine, for a given weight of muscular tissue . first, the quantity of blood traversing it, in a unit of time, to supply its nutrients; second, the weight of oxygen which the tissue absorbs and of carbon dioxide it excretes in the same unit of time; third, some of those substances which furnish the carbon contained in the latter gas. "
The role of MondoA in childhood leukemia

This dissertation evaluates the role of the proglycolytic transcription factor MondoA in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using microarray-profiling, gene-set enrichment analysis, RNA interference and functional assays, it is shown that MondoA overexpression increases glucose catabolism and maintains a more immature phenotype, which is associated with enhanced survival and clonogenicity of leukemia cells. These data point to an important contribution of MondoA to leukemia aggressiveness and make MondoA a potential candidate for targeted treatment of ALL.
Addressing Caregiver Outcomes through Family Guided Routines Based Intervention

Children with special needs can present challenges to caregivers and families. Challenges may occur with daily routines such as mealtime routines, dressing routines, and play routines. These challenges may affect families in many ways and add increased stress to the child’s caregivers. Early Intervention (EI) service providers across the state of Iowa are changing their model of service delivery to address the daily challenges in families with special needs children and to comply with Part C regulations of IDEA. This model is known as Family Guided Routines Based Intervention (FGRBI). This project had two purposes, to examine whether FGRBI helped to increase caregiver satisfaction with caregiver-child routines and whether it helped to reduce caregiver stress. A case-study design was used with three caregivers over a 9-week period. Each caregiver identified three family-specific routines to target along with two routines that were the same for all families in the study. Each caregiver-rated their overall satisfaction with the five routines pre-and post-intervention on the Family Routines Rating Scale. Each caregiver also completed the PSI-4SF pre-and post to examine caregiver stress. In addition to addressing caregiver outcomes, practitioner efficacy in learning and implementing a new model of practice, FGRBI was examined. This study had positive effects on caregiver satisfaction with targeted routines. This study also indicates that caregiver stress is an important aspect to consider in EI services. Key insights into strengths and challenges of utilizing and implementing FGRBI from the OT lens were also determined. Thus, EI occupational therapists can address caregiver stress as part of their services to meet the needs of children and families enrolled in Part C services. ADDRESSING CAREGIVER OUTCOMES iv Table of
Endothelial Mechanism

Mechanisms underlying production of vascular free radicals are unclear. We hypothesized that changes in blood flow might serve as a physiological stimulus for endothelial free radical release. Intact isolated aortas from 45 rabbits were perfused with the spin trap a-phenyl-N-tertbutylnitrone (PBN, 20 mmol/L) and formed radical adducts detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Sequential perfusion at 2, 7.5, and 12 mL/min changed cumulative vascular PBN radical adduct yields, respectively, from 3.2+0.9 to 4.1±0.7 (P<.05) and 7.0±1.5 (P<.005) pmol/mg with endothelium and from 3.6±1.6 to 3.8±1.4 and 2.2±0.8 pmol/mg without endothelium (P=NS). In endothelialized aortas, superoxide dismutase (SOD) completely blocked flow-induced free radical production, whereas inactivated SOD, indomethacin, and the nitric oxide synthetase antagonist nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) had no effect; relaxations to acetylcholine remained unchanged with higher flows. To assess the role of flow on in vivo radical production, femoral arterial plasma levels of the ascorbyl radical, a stable ascorbate oxidation product, were measured by direct EPR in 56 other rabbits. Ascorbyl levels were assessed at baseline (30.2±0.7 nmol/L) and at peak-induced iliac flow changes. Flow increases from 25% to 100% due to saline injections through an extracorporeal aortic loop induced significant dose-dependent increases in ascorbyl levels (n=5). In addition, after papaverine bolus injections, flow increased by 114±8% versus baseline, and ascorbyl levels increased by 5.4±0.7 nmol/L (n=31, P<.001); similar results occurred with adenosine, isoproterenol, or hyperemia after 30-second occlusions (P<.05, n=4 or 5 in each group). Active SOD completely blocked papaverine-induced ascorbyl radical increase, despite preserved flow response (Aascorbyl=0.02±1.6 nmol/L, P=NS); inactivated SOD, catalase, indomethacin, and L-NAME had no effect. Blood flow decreases of 65% to 100% due to phenylephrine or 60-second balloon occlusions were accompanied by an average decrease of 4.4 nmol/L (P<.05) in ascorbyl levels. No change in ascorbyl signal was observed when rabbit blood alone was submitted to in vitro flow increases through a tubing circuit. Thus, increases in blood flow trigger vascular free radical generation; such a response seems to involve endothelium-derived superoxide radicals unrelated to cyclooxygenase or nitric oxide synthetase activities. This mechanism may contribute to explain vascular free radical generation in physiological or pathological circumstances. (Circ Res. 1994;74:700-709.)
Speaking Back to a World of Checkpoints: Oral History as a Decolonizing Tool in the Study of Palestinian Refugees from Syria in Lebanon

This article questions the validity of conventional notions of borders as fixed territorial areas. Through oral history as a method and critique, I examine the narratives of eight persons who are Palestinian stateless refugees from Syrian who have escaped to neighboring Lebanon since 2011. Oral history has a methodological strength that allows access to narratives of past and present events, some of which link the mass eviction of people from Palestine in 1948 – known as Al-Nakba (the Catastrophe), to the currentday Syrian crisis, which is perceived by Palestinians from Syria as a new and ongoing Nakba (al Nakba al mustamirrah in Arabic). The narrators of this often experience border crossing as a pervasive part of their reality one that can be described as “social death,” a result of the limitations imposed by borders on the lives of stateless people. I argue that the accounts presented speak back to a world of borders whilst challenging the nation-state driven order of borders as fixed spaces. Through strategies of self-reflexivity, shared authority and maintaining relations, I open a discussion of how to use privilege, for example the privilege of possessing a European passport, and having the recourses to document experiences across geographical areas, as a way of speaking back to a world of checkpoints whilst advocating a process of research decolonization.
The plausibility of spiritual intelligence: spiritual experience, problem solving and neural sites

Australian teachers in Church related schools have begun to use the term ‘spiritual intelligence’ in their educational discourse. Is it accurate to describe spirituality as a form of intelligence? This paper explores whether the notion of spiritual intelligence is plausible. It addresses this firstly by discussing the notion of spiritual experience as a mechanism for problem solving—one of the central themes that underlies the concept of intelligence. Secondly, it examines some of the neural sites of the human brain that have been found to be active in those who apperceive spiritual experience. In light of this discussion, this paper argues that although some concerns prevail in considering spirituality as a form of intelligence, the concept of spiritual intelligence may nonetheless be rendered as plausible.
View on Bay of Bengal upwelling area on the basis of 19-years of satellite sea surface temperature

Abstract The seasonal and interannual variation of upwelling along the east coast of India between 6°N and 22°N was studied for the period 1985–2003 using NOAA–AVHRR sea surface temperature data. The seasonal migration of pronounced upwelling, which follows the seasonal shift of the winds in transition period and northeast monsoon, was confined. The temporal mean sea surface temperature images clearly show the upwelling season, as does the seasonal sea surface temperature anomaly. These dominant features of the upwelling system are also the most variable, with most of the variance being explained by the seasonal cycle. Quasi-cyclic behaviour of sea surface temperature on interannual scales has also been observed.
An “Attachment Kinetics-based” Level-set Method for Macromolecular Crystallization under Buoyancy-driven Convective Effects

A level-set method, specifically conceived for the case of organic crystal growth from supersaturated solutions, is introduced and described in detail. The model can simulate the growth due to the slow addition of solute molecules to the surface of a lattice and can handle the shape of macromolecular growing crystals under the influence of natural convection. It is carefully developed according to the complex properties and mechanisms of protein crystal growth taking into account the possibility of anisotropic growth due to either “faceted” surface-orientation-dependent behaviors or the influence of external convection occurring in the protein reactor. The analogies and differences between this technique and a previous volume of fraction method are discussed in terms of theoretical aspects and fundamental equations. The advantages and limitations of both formulations are pointed out.
Icons in exile: the representation of mentally ill patients in British newspapers

This study examined the discourse on mental illness in the British printed press and made a cross cultural comparison with the Dutch media approach towards mental illness. It was hypothesized that stigmatizing of mentally ill patients had a social function, because the ‘madness’ ‘badness’ segregation made the public feel as if they remained healthy. A literature review was done, mainly based upon articles published by peer reviewed journals. The author argues that if stigmatizing is an unavoidable social mechanism, identifiying the appropriate category to attribute blame is essential. Individual irresponsible behaviour represents a bigger absolute risk than mental illness. Therefore a mentality shift from the containment of ill behaviour towards the condemnation of irresponsible behaviour, such as drunken driving, can improve public safety.
Frequency of dental caries in children in the Early Iron Age and the Medieval populations from Ukraine

Abstract In this paper we determine the caries frequency in children of the Early Iron Age (EIA) (the 9th - the 3d centuries BC) and the Medieval populations (the 8th - the beginning of the 15th century AD) from the Ukraine area, and compare the results with the data from several European populations who lived at the same time. The EIA is presented by 41 children skeletons, three of which were Cimmerian (the 9th - the 7th centuries BC) from the territory of contemporary Poltava region; 38 skulls from the territory of contemporary Poltava region and Crimea represented Scythian period (the 7th - the 3d centuries BC). Remains of 24 children from the Medieval populations were also examined, three of which were the ancient Hungarians from the Poltava region (the 8th - the 9th centuries AD), 6 Khazars from the Kharkiv region (the 8th - the 9th centuries), 1 child related the Old Rus culture from the Kyiv region (the 9th century), and 14 representatives of the nomadic populations in the Golden Horde period (the 13th - the beginning of the 15th century) from the Poltava and Zaporizhzhya regions. Taking in consideration the letter archaeobotanical studies we suggest that there were no major changes in the plants exploited during all the studied periods. The frequency of carious lesions in children from the Medieval populations (8.3% in individuals, 0.5% in deciduous teeth, and 0.4% in permanent teeth) is only slightly higher than those from the EIA period (2.4% in individuals and 0.2% in deciduous teeth). These indexes were not larger those of majority of European populations dated to the same historic period. Further isotopic, chemical and palaeobotanical studies of the additional sites, with sufficient sample sizes, allow us to learn so much more of the cariogenic factors in children of the past populations from the Ukraine area.
The impact of ‘racism’ on the dissociative experiences scale

Despite the difficulty differentiating between the symptomology of dissociative disorders and schizophrenia, Black people of African and Caribbean descent in the UK continue to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and over-represented within the mental health care system. The reasons why remain illusive; however, some researchers have begun asking whether racism plays an integral part. Given that Black people often given racism as a contributing factor to their mental state, and the difficulty differentiating between the symptomology of dissociative disorders and schizophrenia, this study examined the relation between mental representations that might be indicative of the subjective experience of racism and dissociative experiences as evidence of a trauma-related response. A web-based questionnaire was responded to by 255 self-defined Black subscribers to an Ethnic Minority Research Panel. Results showed that youth, low academic achievement, mental representations of self in relation to people who made derogatory race-related comments about others and low self-esteem contributed significantly to the variation in reported dissociative experiences, overall. Therefore, processing of race-related information impacted on the Dissociative Experiences Scale and, therefore, might also explain the over representation of Black people within the mental health system in the UK.
Avaliação da potência de vacinas contra Clostridium tetani comercializadas no Brasil

Tetanus is an infectious neurological syndrome caused by the action of the tetanus toxin, produced by Clostridium tetani, which acts in the central nervous system, characterizing itself by a spastic paralysis scenario. The antibody response to the C. tetani component of eight commercial vaccines was evaluated by the mice serum neutralization test with rabbit and guinea pigs sera. T2, T4, T5 and T8 induced titles of C. tetani antitoxin superior to the recommended minimum title of 2.5 IU/ml. The vaccines T1, T3, T6 and T7 did not induce protection titles. A total of 50% of the C. tetani vaccines commercialized in Brazil were unable to induce the minimum antibody response recommended for the approval of the product.
Current and advanced knowledge on adma and the glutamine-citrulline-arginine-pathway in surgery and critical illness

The patients’ condition prior to surgery is of major importance for clinical outcome. It is believed nowadays that artificial nutrition in the form of a preoperative drink may improve postoperative outcome. Until now, a clear overview concerning the effects of preoperative supplementation on patients’ well-being has been lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of randomized clinical trials investigating the effects of different preoperative supplements such as carbohydrate (CHO)-rich beverages, oral nutritional supplements (ONSs), immunonutrition and lemonades on clinical, metabolic and immunological parameters. We reviewed the relevant articles published between 1995 and 2012. Preoperative CHO-rich drinks appear to be safe, do not affect gastric emptying time and switch the fasted state to a fed state. Moreover, a significant reduction of postoperative insulin resistance, an improved well-being of the patient and prevention of surgery-induced immunodepression was found. For ONSs, beneficial effects were found according to muscle metabolism and strength, glucose storage and cost-effectiveness. Preoperative supplementation of immunonutrition resulted in improved immune function, restricted inflammatory response after surgery, prevention of organ damage and may improve nutritional status with subsequently decreased postoperative complication rates and reduced length of hospital stay. Preoperative oral supplements have beneficial effects on many aspects of patient’s well-being and recovery. Different supplements, preferably in combination with each other, can help to reduce postoperative complications after surgery and length of hospital stay. Nutritional support must not be overlooked when considering optimal surgical care.