Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron-microscopical observations on the body wall of the third-stage larva of Haemonchus placei

SUMMARY The ultrastructure of the body wall of the third-stage larva of Haemonckus placei was studied. The cuticle was found to consist of eight layers: a thin outer layer, a membrane-bounded layer, an electron-dense layer, a thin irregular layer, an inner cortical layer, a matrix layer, a striated layer and a fibril layer. Interposed between the inner cortex and matrix were two transverse fibres. The region between the fibril layers and the contractile part of the muscle cells was occupied by the hypodermis, which enlarged to form the dorsal, ventral and lateral cords. Within the cords lay hypodermal cells, nerves, crystalline inclusions and an excretory canal. The sarcoplasmic part of the muscle cells was rich in glycogen and contained numerous mitochondria. Myofibrils of two types were present in the contractile part of the cell. I am grateful to Dr D. W. Brocklesby for his help and advice and to Mr E. Harness for the production and supply of third-stage larvae. I would also like to thank Dr D. L. Lee and Mr W. G. MacMillan for helpful discussions.
A Si-αTCP Scaffold for Biomedical Applications: An Experimental Study Using the Rabbit Tibia Model

We herein hypothesize that bioceramics with an appropriate architecture made of Si-αtricalcium phosphate (Si-αTCP) meet the biocompatibility and biological safety requirements for bone grafting applications. Polyurethane sponges were used as templates, soaked with ceramic slurry at different ratios and sintered at 1400 °C for 3 h at heating and cooling rates of 5 °C/min. Four critical size defects of 6 mm O were created in 15 NZ tibias. Three working times were established as 15, 30 and 60 days. A highly porous Si-αTCP scaffold with micro and macropores and pore interconnectivity was produced by the polymer replication method. Considerably more bone formation took place in the pores and the periphery of the implant for the Si-αTCP scaffolds than for the control group. The ceramic scaffold (68.32% ± 1.21) generated higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) percentage values (higher quality, closer contact) than the control group, according to the histomorphometric analysis, and defect closure was significant compared with the control group. The highest percentages of BIC and bone formation were found after 60 days of implantation. These results suggest that the Si-αTCP scaffold is advantageous for initial bone regeneration.
Neurogenesis in the lamprey central nervous system following spinal cord transection

After spinal cord transection, lampreys recover functionally and axons regenerate. It is not known whether this is accompanied by neurogenesis. Previous studies suggested a baseline level of nonneuronal cell proliferation in the spinal cord and rhombencephalon (where most supraspinal projecting neurons are located). To determine whether cell proliferation increases after injury and whether this includes neurogenesis, larval lampreys were spinally transected and injected with 5‐bromo‐2&prime‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) at 0–3 weeks posttransection. Labeled cells were counted in the lesion site, within 0.5 mm rostral and caudal to the lesion, and in the rhombencephalon. One group of animals was processed in the winter and a second group was processed in the summer. The number of labeled cells was greater in winter than in summer. The lesion site had the most BrdU labeling at all times, correlating with an increase in the number of cells. In the adjacent spinal cord, the percentage of BrdU labeling was higher in the ependymal than in nonependymal regions. This was also true in the rhombencephalon but only in summer. In winter, BrdU labeling was seen primarily in the subventricular and peripheral zones. Some BrdU‐labeled cells were also double labeled by antibodies to glial‐specific (antikeratin) as well as neuron‐specific (anti‐Hu) antigens, indicating that both gliogenesis and neurogenesis occurred after spinal cord transection. However, the new neurons were restricted to the ependymal zone, were never labeled by antineurofilament antibodies, and never migrated away from the ependyma even at 5 weeks after BrdU injection. They would appear to be cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1316–1332, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Object semantic map representation for indoor mobile robots

We propose a novel semantic map representation method of indoor environment for mobile robots. The semantics is based on objects, which can be a desk, a wall, a room, or other things. The environment model is composed of object identifiers, object properties and relationships among them. The map is represented by Web Ontology Language (OWL) to share semantic knowledge with human. In order to extract the semantic information, plane extraction, object recognition and region inference are implemented by using the stereo image data. The experiment of representing an indoor scene shows that the method is feasible and effective to describe indoor environment.
Shape evolution of star-shaped colloidal PbSe nanocrystals

Star-shaped colloidal PbSe nanocrystals capped with oleic acid were synthesized in solution from lead oleate and trioctylphosphine selenide precursors when lead acetate trihydrate served as the lead source. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The nanocrystals have the same cubic rock salt lattice structure as the bulk PbSe. The initial injection of trioctylphosphine selenide into hot lead oleate solution immediately results in the formation of truncated octahedron-shaped nuclei, which are terminated by {100} faces and {111} faces. The growth along <100> direction is faster than that along <111> direction, resulting in the formation of star-shaped nanocrystals. It is confirmed that acetate in the reaction mixture plays an important role in controlling the growth mechanism and the resulting shape of nanocrystals. In addition, the reaction solvent also influences the shape of nanocrystals. The Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of PbSe nanocrystals exhibits dramatic blue shift from the band gap of bulk PbSe.
Third Party Tools for Titan

Over the past few years, as part of the Oak Ridge Leadership Class Facility project (OLCF-3), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been engaged with several third party tools vendors with the aim of enhancing the tool offerings for ORNLs GPU-based platform, Titan. This effort has resulted in enhancements to CAPS’ HMPP compiler, Allinea’s DDT debugger, and the Vampir suite of performance analysis tools from the Technische Universität Dresden. In this paper we will discuss the latest enhancements to these tools, and their impact on applications as ORNL readies Titan for full-scale production as a GPU based heterogeneous system. Keywords-Programming Environments; GPU compilers, Performance Tools, Debuggers, GPU programming
Do agility and skull architecture influence the geometry of the mammalian vestibulo‐ocular reflex?

The spatial arrangement of the semicircular canals and extraocular muscles of the eye has been of considerable interest, particularly to researchers working on adaptations of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex. Here we offer the first, extensive comparative analysis of the spatial relationships between each extraocular muscle and the canal providing its primary excitatory stimulus. The sample consisted of 113 specimens, representing 51 extant mammalian species. Hypotheses tested included that variations in the spatial alignments are linked with differences of skull morphology and with differences of agility during locomotion. Internal morphologies were visualized with magnetic resonance imaging and were measured with landmark‐based vectors and planes. Values for body mass and agility were taken from the existing literature. Data were investigated for trends and associations with standard bivariate and multivariate statistical methods as well as with phylogenetically adjusted bivariate methods. The findings clearly show that species differences in the alignment of each extraocular muscle relative to the canal providing its primary excitatory stimulus are closely associated with changes of orbit morphology. The results also indicate that the actions of the oblique muscles interchange with those of the superior and inferior recti muscles when comparing lateral‐eyed (rabbit) with frontal‐eyed species (cat). There was only weak evidence to support the notion that canal–muscle alignments differ significantly among species according to how agile they are. The results suggest that semicircular canal morphology is arranged primarily for detecting head movements and then secondarily, if at all, for diminishing the burden of transforming vestibulo‐ocular reflex signals in the most agile species.
Cohesion and anaphora in children's narratives: a comparison of English, French, German, and Mandarin Chinese

The aim of this study is to determine universal vs. language-specific aspects of children's ability to organize cohesive anaphoric relations in discourse. Analyses examine narratives produced on the basis of two picture sequences by subjects of four ages (preschoolers, seven-year-olds, ten-year-olds, adults) in four languages: English (n = 80), German (n = 40), French (n = 40), and Mandarin Chinese (n = 40). Particular attention is placed on the impact of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors in determining the uses of referring expressions and of word order in the maintenance of reference to the animate characters. Although subjecthood and agency determine NP position within the clause, role relations in discourse coreference account for NP form in all languages, notwithstanding some variations across languages, ages, and referents (e.g. density of coreference, null elements vs. overt pronouns, clause structures). It is concluded that the development of anaphora is determined by universal pragmatic principles and by language-specific properties characterizing how languages map discourse-internal and sentence-internal functions onto the same forms.
Breast cancer in young women: prognostic factors and clinicopathological features.

OBJECTIVE A young age at diagnosis of breast cancer as a negative prognostic factor is a controversial issue. Some reports indicate that breast cancer in young women has different clinicopathological characteristics than in the elderly, while others found no correlation between prognosis and age. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of breast cancer in young women compared with elderly patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven operable breast cancer patients below 40 years of age, treated with mastectomy or breast conserving treatment and radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen, were assessed clinically and pathologically. Tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, mitotic index, presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erbB2 expression, p53 and the MIB-1 proliferation index were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Prognostic factors were compared to those for breast cancer patients age 60 years and older, with special attention to recurrence, distant metastasis and five-year survival between two groups. RESULTS Breast cancer in young women showed a more aggressive phenotype than in elderly patients, with a larger tumor size, more lymph node involvement, and higher c-erbB2 and p53 expression, although the latter were usually limited to more advanced stages. A higher MIB-1 proliferation index than in the elderly group was also noted, despite higher positivity and ER and PR. While adjuvant chemotherapy, including tamoxifen treatment, was more common, recurrence, metastasis and death were still higher than in elderly patients. CONCLUSION Thus a young age is associated with a poor prognosis in Indonesia.
Nitric oxide and reactive species are modulated in the polyphenol‐induced ductus arteriosus constriction in pregnant sheep

Because we have previously demonstrated the relation between polyphenol‐rich foods (PRF) consumption and ductus arteriosus constriction, in this work, pregnant sheep were submitted to oral PRF intake for 14 days to understand how this process occurs. Fetal Doppler echocardiography, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers and total polyphenol excretion were evaluated.
Effect of R-plasmid RP1 and nutrient depletion on the gross cellular composition of Escherichia coli and its resistance to some uncoupling phenols

The resistance of Escherichia coli batch cultures depleted of carbon (C-dep), magnesium (Mg-dep), or phosphate (P-dep) against low concentrations of 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, or 2-phenoxyethanol varied. C-dep cultures were always significantly more sensitive than Mg-dep or P-dep cultures. The presence of R-plasmid RP1 increased the sensitivity of C-dep cultures to 3- and 4-chlorophenol, yet had little effect on those cultured depleted in magnesium or phosphate ions. Cultures with R-plasmid RP1 had increased levels of beta-polyhydroxybutyrate irrespective of the nature of the depleting nutrient. P-dep bacteria had less than one-third of the phospholipid of other cell types, this deficiency being compensated for by increases in fatty acid and neutral lipid content. The reduction in phospholipid content of P-dep cultures was entirely accounted for by decreased diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine levels in these cells.
Result of chronic levodopa therapy and its modification by bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease

ABSTRACT – 15 years' experience with Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa was compared to the 15 years before the advent of levodopa. Progression to severe disability and death was prolonged, at each stage of severity, by 3 to 5 years. At each duration of illness, the percentage of patients with severe disability was reduced significantly. There was some indication that independence was prolonged by early treatment. Life expectancy was increased to approximately that of the unaffected population. However, especially with patients with onset of disease before the age of 50, fluctuations of therapeutic response and severe abnormal involuntary movements interfered with satisfactory therapeutic results. Supplemental bromocriptine produced a smoother therapeutic response and decreased “off” period dystonia and leg pains in over 70% of patients. At dosages below 20 mg daily, it was not particularly effective in severely affected disabled patients. Adverse reactions prevented the use of bromocriptine in less than 20% of patients.
Wireless backhaul resource allocation and user-centric clustering in ultra-dense wireless networks

Wireless backhaul is a promising technology to lower the cost for connecting a large number of densely deployed access points in the emerging fifth generation wireless system. In this study, the authors consider the joint optimisation of resource allocation in wireless backhaul links and user-centric clustering in the access links. The objective is to maximise the weighted sum rate of all users under the backhaul resource constraints. To solve this intractable problem, they first adopt the l 1 -norm approximation approach to convert the non-convex backhaul constraints into the solvable forms. They then reformulate the objective function as a set of second-order cone constraints based on the sequential parametric convex approximation method. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the transformed problem based on its special property. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing schemes under different network settings.
Adaptive depth control algorithms for an autonomous underwater vehicle

Research on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) has been increasing in the recent years. These robotics have the ability to revolutionize access to the oceans to address critical problems facing the marine community such as underwater search and mapping, water column observations climate change assessment, marine habitat monitoring, and underwater mine detection. In this thesis an adaptive nonlinear controller for steering the dynamic model of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) onto a predefined path at a constant forward speed along a desired path is being presented. In this we have used two different controllers for dive plane control of an AUV. In one case, the diving dynamics of an AUV is derived under the assumptions that the pitch angle of AUV is small in the diving plane motion of the vehicle. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles’ dynamics are highly nonlinear and the hydrodynamic coefficients of the vehicles are difficult to determine due to the variations of the hydrodynamic coefficients with different operating conditions of the environment. These kinds of difficulties cause modeling inaccuracies of AUV’s dynamics. So in order to achieve robustness against parameter uncertainty, system identification technique based on Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) using MIT rule and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is employed for modeling the AUV dynamics. In this thesis MRAC technique is being proposed for the dynamics control and for the kinematics control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle we have used the FLC . Simulation results are being shown which shows effective dive-plane control in spite of the dynamic uncertainties. However in the second case we have proposed a dive plane controller based on Lyapunov theory and Backstepping techniques, where the dynamics of the AUV is being considered without keeping any restricting assumptions on AUV’s pitch angle.
Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy

Because each nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging modality is sensitive to specific molecules or structures, multimodal NLO imaging capitalizes the potential of NLO microscopy for studies of complex biological tissues. The coupling of multiphoton fluorescence, second‐harmonic generation, and coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) has allowed investigation of a broad range of biological questions concerning lipid metabolism, cancer development, cardiovascular disease, and skin biology. Moreover, recent research shows the great potential of using a CARS microscope as a platform to develop more advanced NLO modalities such as electronic‐resonance‐enhanced four‐wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, and pump‐probe microscopy. This article reviews the various approaches developed for realization of multimodal NLO imaging as well as developments of new NLO modalities on a CARS microscope. Applications to various aspects of biological and biomedical research are discussed.
Factors associated with adherence to nutritional recommendations before and during pregnancy

ABSTRACT Several epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the value of balanced nutrition during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the degree of adherence to nutritional recommendations among 1,175 pregnant Spanish women and the factors associated with such adherence to pre-pregnancy and during the first half of pregnancy. Data were collected during June 2004–March 2007 and included socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using logistic regression models to identify factors associated with adherence to dietary recommendations. Before pregnancy, slightly less than one quarter of the pregnant women (21 percent) did not meet the recommended intake of both vegetables and cereals, and 50 percent did not meet the recommended intake of fruits. Yet most of the participants exceeded the recommended values for proteins. During pregnancy, the adherence for all food types decreased. Factors associated with adherence to the nutritional recommendations were similar before and during pregnancy. Adherence to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition dietary recommendations was lower among pregnant women who were younger, from a low social class, smokers, and had a low level of physical activity. These findings suggest that nutritional education should become an essential part of antenatal care.
Inactivation of poly-DL-alanyl bacteriophage T4 with antisera specific toward poly-DL-alanine.

Bacteriophage T4B was reacted with N-carbody DL-alanine anhydride, leading to the covalent attachment of alanine residues to the phage, concomitant with extensive loss of viability. The alanylated survivors could be inactivated with anti-phage serum, but were also inactivated specifically with an antiserum possessing antipolyalanine specificity. By using the alanylated phage and the “decision” technique of Jerne and Avegno (14), concentrations of 10-8 to 10-9 g/ml of anti-polyalanine antibody could be detected.
Use of Applied Biosystems 7900HT Sequence Detection System and Taqman Assay for Detection of Quinolone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae

ABSTRACT Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) have been associated with quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG). Since diagnostic nucleic acid amplification tests for gonococci are now in frequent use, molecular detection of QRNG could facilitate surveillance in the absence of culture. Here we describe a real-time molecular assay for detecting QRDR mutations in gonococci.
Development and validation of a stability indicating isocratic HPLC method for gemcitabine with application to drug release from poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid nanoparticles and enzymatic degradation studies

Previously reported HPLC methods for gemcitabine determination are time‐consuming with complicated mobile phases and gradient elution. Thus, a sensitive and stability‐indicating isocratic HPLC method, which provides simple, fast and precise measurements, was developed. This method was applied to study the digestive enzymatic degradation of gemcitabine, for the first time, and the protection afforded following incorporation into poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles.
Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option

This memo describes a TCP extension to enhance security for BGP. It defines a new TCP option for carrying an MD5 [RFC1321] digest in a TCP segment. This digest acts like a signature for that segment, incorporating information known only to the connection end points. Since BGP uses TCP as its transport, using this option in the way described in this paper significantly reduces the danger from certain security attacks on BGP.