Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACTING FACTORS ON INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS’ BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS COMMODITY MARKET IN INDIA

Abstract Under the concept of behavioral finance, it is presumed that information structure and characteristics of capital market participants systematically influence their own decisions as well as market outcomes. As the investor’s investment decisions in any one particular market tend to rely more on their behaviour derived from psychological principles of decision making, a better understanding of behavioural processes and outcomes is important for financial planners. Further, identifying the factors that play an important role in determining the behaviour of investors would affect the future policies and strategies of the financial planners and market brokers as well as the government. Hence, the present article is focused on exploring the factors influencing the behavior of investors towards commodity market in India. This study, based on primary data, adopted survey approach to measure the investors’ behavior. The sample respondents are individual / retail investors selected randomly in Trichy district. Questionnaire comprising a scale with 15 items for measuring the behavior were distributed and the total number of respondents was 525. Cronbach alpha method was applied to check reliability and validity of the collected data. The main components underlying the scale that have greater influence on the investors’ behavior were ascertained by multivariate analysis called Principal component method of Factor analysis with varimax rotation. The descriptive analysis was also used to explore the degree of influence of main components on the behavior of investors. The results of analysis exposed four major factors that have greater influence on the behavior of investors, viz., low risk, informational asymmetry, high return and objective knowledge.
Tackling Model Selection and Validation : an Information Theoretic Criterion

Simulated economies suffer intrinsically from validation and comparison problems. The choice of a suitable indicator quantifying the distance between the model and the data is pivotal to model selection. However, how to validate and discriminate between models are still open problems calling for further investigation, especially in light of the increasing use of simulations in social sciences. In this paper I present a new information theoretic criterion to measure how close models’ synthetic output replicates the properties of observable time series without the need to resort to any likelihood function or to impose stationarity requirements. This indicator is sufficiently general to be applied to any kind of model able to simulate or predict time series data, from simple univariate models such as Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Markov processes to more complex objects including agent-based or dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. More specifically, I use a simple function of the L-divergence computed at different block lengths in order to select the model that is better able to reproduce the distributions of time changes in the data. To evaluate the L-divergence, probabilities are estimated across frequencies including a correction for the systematic bias. Finally, using a known data generating process, I show how this indicator can be used to validate and discriminate between different univariate models providing a precise measure of the distance of each model from the data.
Lithium-ion Power Batteries SOC Estimation based on PCA

SOC is an important parameter of power batteries of electric vehicles. Its accurate estimation is vital to the correct implementation of the control strategy of the whole vehicle. It is strait to estimate SOC of the battery accurately using existing estimation methods. Aiming at the shortcomings in these methods, we proposed to establish an estimation model for battery SOC using principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm in this study. However, unable to extract non-linear factors in parameters, PCA algorithm would bring about an estimation error of battery SOC; thus, we proposed to establish an estimation model for battery SOC using kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) algorithm. The model was simulated and verified through experiments. After simulation, it shows that the improved model may adapt to a more complicated environment, meet the requirements of promptness and reliability, and has higher estimation accuracy with an average estimation error of 1.46%, which is better than that of Ah measurement method.
Do Goedel's incompleteness theorems set absolute limits on the ability of the brain to express and communicate mental concepts verifiably?

Classical interpretations of Godel’s formal reasoning, and of his conclusions, implicitly imply that mathematical languages are essentially incomplete, in the sense that the truth of some arithmetical propositions of any formal mathematical language, under any interpretation, is, both, non-algorithmic, and essentially unverifiable. However, a language of general, scientific, discourse, which intends to mathematically express, and unambiguously communicate, intuitive concepts that correspond to scientific investigations, cannot allow its mathematical propositions to be interpreted ambiguously. Such a language must, therefore, define mathematical truth verifiably. We consider a constructive interpretation of classical, Tarskian, truth, and of Godel’s reasoning, under which any formal system of Peano Arithmetic - classically accepted as the foundation of all our mathematical languages - is verifiably complete in the above sense. We show how some paradoxical concepts of Quantum mechanics can, then, be expressed, and interpreted, naturally under a constructive definition of mathematical truth.
Passive-wick water fluxmeters: theory and practice

Improvements in vadose-zone water-flux measurements are needed for a variety of reasons, including better water-use management for agriculture, for turf-grass (e.g., golf course) operations, and for monitoring the ground disposal of wastes from mining and other industries. For such purposes, we have developed and tested passive-wick water fluxmeters under a wide range of conditions, from nonvegetated desert settings in the USA to irrigated tea plantations in Sri Lanka and rain-fed squash plantations in the South Pacific. In desert settings, the drainage was found to depend upon the precipitation distribution, the surface soil and the type and amount of vegetation. In Washington State, USA, bare sands and gravels drained up to 60% of the annual precipitation while fine soils did not drain. In wetter environments, drainage was found to be closely linked to the rate and duration of precipitation events. Design calculations with a 2-D model show how divergence can be minimized for a wide range of soil conditions under expected transient fluxes. Model results show that for sands, the operational range of the water fluxmeter is from a few mm/yr to well above 10,000 mm/yr, for both steady state and transient conditions, while for silts and clays, the range is more limited and best operates in the range above a few hundred mm/yr. Passive-wick water fluxmeters provide a reliable, robust, and relatively inexpensive method to assess the quantity and quality of drainage waters over a wide range of conditions.
A novel process for the aqueous extraction of oil from Camellia oleifera seed and its antioxidant activity

Aqueous extraction is a promising green alternative to hexane extraction. This study used a salt effect-aided aqueous extraction process (AEP-SE) for extracting Camellia oleifera seed oil (COSO) to improve oil extractability and avoid emulsification in the aqueous system. The highest oil extractability rate of 88.8% was obtained under 1.48 mol L –1 sodium carbonate, a solution-to-flour ratio of 3.85, and 3.23h of extraction time with the quality of the aqueous system-extracted oil being similar to those of a commercial sample of COSO and hexane-extracted oil in terms of color, iodine value and saponifcation value, although its moisture content was higher. Furthermore, the free fatty acid content of the aqueous system-extracted oil was lower than that of the solvent-extracted oil. The values of the inibihitory concentration at 50% of oil obtained by AEP-SE and organic solvent extraction as measured by DPPH scavenging activity essay, were 2.27 mg/mL and 3.31 mg/mL. AEP-SE is therefore a promising environmentally friendly method for the large-scale preparation of COSO.
The Study on the Construction of the Computing Platform Based on OpenStack

When the information network of an enterprise grows to a certain size, higher requirements will be set to the security and the use of network resources maximum effectiveness. In the current internal network of an enterprise, various needs of IT applications of the enterprise can be met by commonly using VLAN in conjunction with other techniques. After OpenStack nova-network is deployed into VLAN mode, it can be well mixed with the enterprise network, providing the security of the entire cloud system and the efficiency of resources.
Morse Theory for Cell Complexes

In this paper we will present a very simple discrete Morse theory for CW complexes. In addition to proving analogues of the main theorems of Morse theory, we also present discrete analogues of such (seemingly) intrinsically smooth notions as the gradient vector field and the gradient flow associated to a Morse function. Using this, we define a Morse complex, a differential complex built out of the critical points of our discrete Morse function which has the same homology as the underlying manifold. This Morse theory takes on particular significance in the context of PL manifolds. To clarify this statement, we take a small historical digression. In 1961, Smale proved the h-cobordism theorem for smooth manifolds (and hence its corollary, the Poincare conjecture in dimension 5) using a combination of handlebody theory and Morse theory [Sm2]. In [Mi2], Milnor presented a completely Morse theoretic proof of the h-cobordism theorem. In ([Ma], [Ba], [St]) Mazur, Barden and Stallings generalized Smale's theorem by replacing Smale's hypothesis that the cobordism be simply-connected by a weaker simple-homotopy condition. Along the way, this more general theorem (the s-cobordism theorem) was extended to other categories of manifolds. In particular, a PL s-cobordism theorem was established. In this case, it was necessary to work completely within the context of handlebody theory. The Morse theory presented in this paper can be used to give a Morse theoretic proof of the PL s-cobordism theorem, along the lines of the proof in [Mi2]. In the remainder of this introduction, we present an informal exposition of the contents of the paper. To avoid minor complications we will restrict attention, in this introduction, to simplicial complexes. Let M be any finite simplicial complex, K the set of simplices of M, and Kp the simplices of dimension p. A discrete Morse function on M will actually be a function on K. That is, we assign a single real number to each Article No. AI971650
INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC STUDIES WORKING PAPER SERIES W 07 : 02 May 2007 Talking Trade or Talking Aid ? Does Investment Substitute for Aid in the Developing Countries ?

This paper looks at the correlation between aid inflow and foreign direct investment inflow to the heavily indebted poor countries Malawi, Mozambique and Ghana. I analyze data running from 1970 through 2004, using a simultaneous equation system to determine the interrelation. Due to the occasional small scale of flow, the inverse hyperbolic sine function is used, rather than a logarithmic function. Results indicate that when the sample countries experience a higher income per capita, complementary effects diminish at the cost of supplementary effects.
Toward a large lightweight mirror for AO: development of a 1m Ni coated CFRP mirror

We present our recent developments towards the construction of a large, thin, single-piece mirror for adaptive optics (AO). Our current research program aims to have completed fabrication and testing of a 1m diameter, nickel coated carbon-fibre reinforced cyanate ester resin mirror by the last quarter of 2009. This composite mirror material is being developed to provide a lightweight and robust alternative to thin glass shell mirrors, with the challenge of future large deformable mirrors such as the 2.5m M4 on the E-ELT in mind. A detailed analysis of the material properties of test mirror samples is being performed at the University of Birmingham (UK), the first results of which are discussed and presented here. We discuss the project progress achieved so far, including fabrication of the 1m flat moulds for the replication process, manufacturing and testing methods for 20 cm diameter sample mirrors and system simulations.
The Empowerment of Social Media for Da’wah in Medan City

Islam as a responsive religion to all changes and circumstances, it is proper to evaluate its traditional da’wah. Traditional da’wah is a preaching with the use of oral media (dakwah bil lisan). But it should be able to develop the means of da’wah in the wide area (not just sermons or lectures) but must be able to penetrate the cyber world in order to sow the seeds of Islam. Da’wah using internet is often called the eda’wah or electronic da’wah, where through electronic media in this case internet, da’wah is hoped to be more developed and more distinctive color, especially for the internet users. preachers should be able to choose another strategy that is by preaching through social media which is much in demand by today's youth. That is why da’wah through oral is still being done added with da’wah through social media. A preacher should be able to empower themselves to develop da’wah through social media. Da'wah which is through social media has certainly many advantages for especially the preachers. Besides for the preachers, the advantages also can be for the users of social media. Social media users can access freely without any limit of time and place.
THE RE VISION OF WESTERN RATIONALITY ANI) AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

Underlying much of the debate in philosophical discourse at the end of the twentieth century is an emphasis on a re-vision of philosophical discourse, namely, that from the modem to the postmodern. This debate has spumed little consensus and a great deal of confusion and animosity. The themes are, by now, well known: master narratives and traditions of knowledge grounded in first principles are spumed; philosophical principles of canonicity and the notion of the sacred have become suspect; epistemic certainty and the fixed boundaries of academic knowledge have been challenged by a 'war on totality' and a disavowal of all-encompassing, single world views; the rigid distinctions between high and low culture have been rejected by the insistence that the products of the so-called mass culture, popular, and folk art forms are proper objects of study; the Enlightenment correspondence between history and progress and the modernist faith in rationality, science, and freedom have incurred a deeprooted scepticism, the fixed and unified identity of the humanist subject has been replaced by a call for narrative space that is pluralised and fluid; and, finally, though far from complete, history is spumed as a unilinear process that moves the West progressively toward a final realisation of freedom
Title Application of electrochemical impedance for characterising arrays of Bi 2 S 3 nanowires

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to characterise the electrical properties of bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanowires (NWs) templated within anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes. A specially engineered cell, with a nominal electrolyte volume of 0.1 – 0.2 ml, was used to hold and measure the electrochemical impedance of the fragile NW/AAO samples. An equivalent circuit model was developed to determine the filling density of nanowires within the porous templates. The EIS method can be utilised to probe the nanowire filling density in porous membranes over large sample areas, which is often unobtainable using electron microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy techniques.
DATA REPORT : PALEOMAGNETISM OF CARBONATE SEDIMENTS FROM HOLE 1006 A , BAHAMAS TRANSECT , LEG 1661

Paleomagnetic analyses from discrete samples of carbonate sediment from Hole 1006A were completed to assess the nature of magnetic remanence and to evaluate the use of directional data for a magnetic reversal stratigraphy. Magnetic remanence in these carbonates was moderate to weak but was stable enough to reliably identify polarity in 26.7% of the samples. The remaining 73.3% samples were judged either too weak or unstable, or else they exhibited a very steep inclination interpreted to be the result of some type of drilling overprint. Thus, magnetic polarity data from Hole 1006A should be used with caution. The nature of magnetic remanence and some reconnaissance acquisition tests suggest that single-domain magnetite (with some possible alteration to maghemite) is the dominant source of the remanent magnetization.
Evolving Bayesian Emulators for Structured Chaotic Time Series, with Application to Large Climate Models

We develop Bayesian dynamic linear model Gaussian processes for emulation of time series output for computer models that may exhibit chaotic behavior, but where this behavior retains some underlying structure. The statistical technology is particularly suited to emulating the time series output of large climate models that exhibit this feature and where we want samples from the posterior of the emulator to evolve in the same way as dynamic processes in the computer model do. The methodology combines key features of good uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods such as using complex mean functions to capture large-scale signals within parameter space, with dynamic linear models in a way that allows UQ to borrow strength from the Bayesian time series literature. We present an MCMC algorithm for sampling from the posterior of the emulator parameters when the roughness lengths of the Gaussian process are unknown. We discuss an interpretation of the results of this algorithm that allows us to use MCMC to fix th.
How Does Aid Matter? The Effect of Financial Aid on University Enrolment Decisions

Using a counterfactual approach, this paper empirically investigates the impact of an educational programme recently introduced in the Province of Trento (North-East of Italy). The aim of the policy is to foster university enrolment of students from low-income families and to reduce inequalities in access to higher education. The programme, known as Grant 5B, consists in generous incentives: it targets the university students from low-income families and is awarded upon both merit and demonstrated financial need. We exploit data from an ad hoc survey conducted on a sample of upper secondary graduates and employ a regression discontinuity design to estimate the impact of the intervention on the university enrolment decisions. We find that the programme has no significant effect on enrolment rates, but it exerts a positive effect on redirecting students already bound for university to enrol outside the place of residence. Relying on the relative risk aversion theory, we explain why a relaxation of the eligibility rules based on merit might be more effective in reducing social inequalities in access to university.
Loan words as markers of differentiation

A lot of variation shows up in the pronunciation of standard Dutch, e.g., the long mid vowels show different degrees of diphthongization, voiced fricatives can be (partially) devoiced, numerous /r/-sounds show up and /l/ may vary between light or dark. However, in most cases this is segmental variation that does not change the underlying phonemic representation. Van Bezooijen and Gerritsen (1994:145) r1"
Genetic determination of selected reproduction traits in raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

The study aimed at analysing the reproduction merit, including its genetic variation, in raccoon dog. Input data covered records on 837 brood females maintained on a single farm over the years 1997-1999. Animals were divided into three groups according to whether they delivered and raised a litter (group 1), delivered and destroyed a litter (group 2) or failed to deliver a litter (group 3). Variance components for the probabilities of assigning an animal to particular group were estimated with the REML/animal model approach. The statistical model accounted for fixed effects of years of birth and delivery of the female, her litter-of-origin size, parity, regression on age at delivery within parity, and random effects of female’s permanent environment and additive genetics. Over the years 1997-1999 as much as 72.8% of the females were assigned to group 1, 16.0% to group 2, and 11.2% to group 3. Heritability coefficients of particular probabilities were 0.37, 0.32, 0.08 and repeatabilities 0.54, 0.45, 0.13 for delivering, destroying, and failing to have a litter, respectively. Moderate heritabilities and repeatabilities of the traits studied indicate that effective improvement of the reproduction merit in the analysed raccoon dog population is feasible.
HIERARCHICALLY POROUS GRAPHENE IN NATURAL GRAPHITIC GLOBULES FROM SILICATE MAGMATIC ROCKS

Naturally-occurring nanostructured graphites from silicate magmatic rocks, which are rare, were characterized using electron microscope and X-ray spectroscopy. This graphite consists of porous carbon, nanographite layers, micro- and nanotubes. The porous carbon is classified as macroporous matter with a small amount of mezopores. Evidence for the unusual properties of porous carbon are given: nanographite layers are created at the exposed surface of sample and the nanotubes occurs in the bulk of porous carbon.
Somatic Embryo Formation in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. in vitro

--In vitro cultures of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. were initiated from leaf, petiole, stem and root explants. White friable callus was formed after 4 weeks at an average of 70% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). White-cream friable embryogenic callus of Gerbera jamesonii was formed after 4 weeks when leaf and petiole explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l-2.0 mg/l 2, 4-D, 3.0% sucrose and solidified with 0.8% agar. The embryogenic callus was transferred into MS suspension culture medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and was subcultured at 10 days interval for 1 month. Subsequent withdrawal of 2, 4-D from induction medium resulted in the induction and growth of somatic cells. Somatic embryos formed at globular phase were then sieved and transferred into maturation medium. Heart, torpedo and cotyledon phases of somatic embryo were identified. Keywords---Gerbera jamesonii bolus ex. Hook f. ; embryogenic callus; nonembryogenic callus; somatic embryo; 2, 4D – 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; NAA – αNaphthalene acetic acid; MS – Murashige and Skoog
Modeling the Effects of Wind Redistribution on the Snow Mass Budget of Polar Sea Ice

Abstract A two-dimensional numerical model of blowing snow specifically designed for sea ice environments is presented. This new model is used to quantify the snow mass lost because of blowing snow into leads, blowing snow sublimation, and the effects of snow redistribution in the presence of surface irregularities (e.g., pressure ridges and snowdrifts) and on the conductive heat flux through the ice. Results show that the percentage of blowing snow lost into open waters (i.e., the lead trap efficiency) ranges between 60% and 100%. The lead trap efficiency increases with fetch over open waters, decreases as the upwind fetch over sea ice expands, and diminishes as wind speeds and friction velocities are enhanced. Its dependence on air temperature and relative humidity, however, is relatively small. Results from the time evolution of a snowdrift show that considerable snow cover heterogeneity arises because of interactions between winds and the surface; however, the corresponding increase in the conductive .