Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pigliacelli, Claudia; Belton, Peter; Wilde, Peter; Qi, Sheng Probing the molecular interactions between pharmaceutical polymeric carriers and bile salts in simulated gastrointestinal fluids using NMR spectroscopy

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Pigliacelli, Claudia; Belton, Peter; Wilde, Peter; Qi, Sheng
Utilization of Invertebrate Drift by Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Small Streams in Idaho

Abstract In four northern Idaho streams I assessed availability of invertebrate drift in summer 1969. Brook and cutthroat trout inhabited two streams sympatrically and two allopatrically. I compared drift and diet components to assess proportion of drift cropped by trout and extent to which trout segregated into dietary niches. Members of five insect orders (Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera) comprised 97% of the number of drift organisms and an average of 92% of the number of organisms eaten by both brook and cutthroat trout. The terrestrial component of both drift and diet was insignificant, and predation on fish and/or cannibalism was rare. Most Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Coleoptera drifted between dusk and dawn when they may not have been available to trout. Trout selected certain food items. Underyearling brook and cutthroat trout differed little in their food preferences or habits, whether they lived sympatrically or allopatrically, and consumed smaller organisms (mai.
Toxic effects of lead exposure on the brain of rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation, acetylcholinesterase, and the beneficial role of flaxseed extract

The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of low level lead (Pb) exposure on brain tissue antioxidant enzymes activities and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammatory markers (nitrites (NO) and TNF-α), and lipid profile. Furthermore, the possible effects of flaxseed extract to reverse PB-induced toxicity were examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to Pb (200 mg L−1 in drinking water) for three weeks followed by 21 days of orally administrated flaxseed extract (300 mg kg−1). AChE activity increased by 64% and a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidants capacity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities after Pb exposure. Moreover, NO and α-TNF were increased by 166.5% and 400%, respectively. Finally, Pb exposure increased the brain cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Chronic treatment with flaxseed significantly attenuated cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain after a three week treatment period. Data showed the involvement of factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and high expression of AChE activity in Pb-induced neurotoxicity, and showed that flaxseed prevented these adverse effects.
Does Stock Liquidity Enhance Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Innovation?--Evidence from the China’s Neeq Market

For small and medium-sized enterprises with relatively low liquidity, does the improvement of stock liquidity affect enterprise innovation? This paper uses the data of China's NEEQ companies from 2013 to 2017 as samples, introduce the market maker system at the end of 2014 as exogenous variables to construct a quasi-natural experiment, combining propensity score matching and difference-in-difference method to verify. The empirical results show that the increase in stock liquidity is conducive to enhancing the innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the improvement of liquidity of small and medium-sized enterprises with higher stock liquidity is more likely to bring innovation driving force. Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should establish a perfect market transaction system to improve the stock liquidity of small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to further release the innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Genetic diversity in chestnuts of Kashmir valley The phenolics and antioxidant abilities of pomegranate juices (aril juice (AJ) and aril-mesocarp-epicarp mixture juice

The phenolics and antioxidant abilities of pomegranate juices (aril juice (AJ) and aril-mesocarp-epicarp mixture juice (AMEJ), by-product extracts (extract of aril-mesocarp-epicarp (EAME) and rind extract (ER) were determined and compared. The results showed no significant difference in phenolic compositions however ratio of phenolic constituent were found different. The total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannins contents followed the order of ER>EAME>AMEJ>AJ, and total anthocyanins followed the trend EAME>AMEJ>AJ>ER. The total antioxidant, total reduction, ABTS •+ radical scavenging and DPPH • radical scavenging capacities followed the sequence ER>AJ>EAME>AMEJ, AMEJ>ER>EAME>AJ, ER>AMEJ>EAME>AJ and AMEJ>ER>AJ>EAME respectively. With the exception of ABTS •+ scavenging capacities, strongest antioxidant activity found in juices compared to their corresponding purified products. These data suggest that phenolics play a vital role in the composition and antioxidant activity of pomegranate products.
RhoA inhibits the hypoxia-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts

Bone regeneration and fracture healing is dependent on local and systemic factors, including oxygen tension. Disrupted blood supply by fracture always results in reduced oxygen tension (pO2) and hypoxia in bone tissues and inhibits fracture healing. RhoA small GTPase triggers signaling cascades in a variety of cellular responses, including apoptosis suppression via regulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. In the present study, we examined the apoptosis promotion by hypoxia in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by flow-cytometry, caspase 3 activity assay and western blot analysis of apoptosis-associated markers. And then we investigated the regulatory role of RhoA in the hypoxia-promoted apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells with gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies to manipulate the RhoA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Results demonstrated that apoptosis was significantly promoted by hypoxia in the osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. There were higher levels of apoptotic cells, caspase 3 activity and apoptosis-associated markers such as released cytochrome c, cleaved caspase 3 and lyzed PARP in the hypoxiatreated MC3T3-E1 cells. And such apoptosis was markedly inhibited by the RhoA overexpression with lentivirus vector, whereas was aggravated by the RhoA knockout via the transfection with RhoA-specific siRNA. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the protective role of RhoA in the hypoxia-induced apoptosis in osteoblast cells, implying the RhoA promotion might be a valuable strategy for the therapeutic intervention to the hypoxic-ischemic damage to osteoblasts.
Image Recommendation for Wikipedia Articles

Multimodal learning, which is simultaneous learning from different data sources such as audio, text, images, is a rapidly emerging field of Machine Learning. It is also considered as machine learning at the next upper level of abstraction. This allows tackle more complicated problems such as creating car-toons from a plot or speech recognition based on lips movement. In this paper, we propose to research whether state-of-the-art techniques of multimodal learning, will solve the problem of recommending the most relevant images for a Wikipedia article. In other words, we need to create a shared text-image representation of an abstract notion which paper describes, so that having only a text description machine would ”understand” which images would visualize the same notion accurately.
Argentine validation of the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC-14)

Consideration of future consequences is the extent to which people anticipate and are influenced by the potential future consequences of their current behavior. A well-established tool to measure this behavior is the 14-item Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC-14). The CFC-14 has shown appropriate psychometric properties in several languages. This scale comprises two factors: the CFC-Immediate (CFC-I, 7 items) and the CFC-Future (CFC-F, 7 items). The main goal of this study was to assess the psychometric properties and internal consistency of the CFC-14 Scale in Spanish, using an Argentine sample. A second goal was to determine its convergent validity with impulsivity, and determine differences and invariance across gender and age groups. Using a web-based survey, data were collected from 512 participants (75.2% women) aged 13-74 years (M = 30.8). CFA showed a two-factor model as the best solution for the 13-items version (CFI .961, TLI .952, RMSEA .064 90%IC .054/.074, WRMR 0.979). Standardized regression weights (p≤ .05) ranged from . 50 to . 66 for CFC-F and between . 43 and . 83 for CFC-I. Composite reliability was also adequate: CFC-F achieved ρ = . 80 and CFC-I ρ = . 82. There were no differences across gender and age, but there was a progressive invariance between these groups. The CFC-F and UPPS-P subscales correlations were negative and significant, highlighting the negative and moderate correlation between CFC-F and the lack of premeditation (r=-.41). Thus, CFC-14 has adequate psychometric properties in an Argentine population, although more studies are necessary to determine the robustness of these findings.
Isoflavone content in commercial soybean foods

The concentration and distribution of isoflavones in 29 commercial soybean foods, categorized into soy ingredients, traditional and second-generation, were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection. Twelve isomers were quantified, three aglycons (daidzein, genistein, glycitein) and nine glucosides (daidzin, genistin, glycitin; 6"-O-acetyldaidzin, -genistin, -glycitin; 6"-O-malonyldaidzin, -genistin, -glycitin). Compared with unprocessed soybeans, high-protein soy ingredients contained similar concentrations, except alcohol-leached soy concentrate. Traditional soybean foods showed differences between nonfermented and fermented foods. Nonfermented foods had greater levels of glucosides, while in contrast, greater levels of aglycons were found in fermented foods. Second-generation soy foods contained only 6-20% of the isoflavones of whole soybeans. The variety of soybean, method of processing, and addition of other components affect the retention and distribution of isoflavone isomers in soy foods.
Tintininos (Ciliophora, Tintinnina) de águas subtropicais na região Sueste-Sul do Brasil: II. Famílias Dictyocystidae, Rhabdonellidae, Tintinnidae e Xystonellidae

This study follows a previous work on the taxonomic survey on tintinnids (Suborder Tintinnina) collected in subtropical waters of the Southern Brazil (22°S-34°S). Samples were based in different oceanographic cruises covering shelf and oceanic waters. Here, the species belonging to Families Dictyocystidae, Rhabdonellidae, Tintinnidae and Xystonellidae were described, and a general discussion regarding the tintinnid biogeography and the vertical distribution observed in some of the oceanographic cruises were carried out. For all of species the descriptions, measurements and drawings, as well comments on the taxonomy and results on horizontal and vertical distributions on the water column were furnished. The species richness was high (87 infrageneric taxa), and some species like Climacocylis scalaria, Eutintinnus spp. , Salpingacantha spp. , Salpingella spp. and Steenstrupiella gracilis were not previously recorded in the region. Nineteen species are new records for the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
A Privileged Working Memory State and Potential Top-Down Modulation for Faces, Not Scenes

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Lin, Hai; Li, Wei Ping; Carlson, Synnöve
Patterns in abundance, population structure and biology of knife prawn Haliporoides triarthrus on deep-water trawl grounds off eastern South Africa

The deep-water trawl fishery along the KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa targets several crustacean species, with the knife (or pink) prawn Haliporoides triarthrus contributing most of the catch. Logbook data of fishing effort and catch between 1988 and 2010 were used to assess the distribution and abundance of H. triarthrus on fishing grounds. Generalised linear models were used to quantify the effects of year, month and depth on catch rates. Standardised trends indicated a general decline in abundance between 1990 and 1998, followed by an increase between 2001 and 2008. Catch rates peaked in March, and they were highest between 200 and 499 m depth. Biological samples collected during commercial fishing were used to assess size and sex composition, growth rates and reproductive activity of H. triarthrus. Females became larger than males and mean carapace length (CL) varied by month. The youngest female cohort appeared in November (modal CL of 25 mm), and dissipated after two years (39 mm). Sex ratios were equal for all data combined, but fluctuated by month and CL. Few reproductively active females were recorded. Length-based methods and the standard von Bertalanffy growth function were used to estimate growth parameters (L∞ and K) of females (40.6 mm CL and 1.06 y–1) and males (35.2 mm and 1.27 y–1) respectively. Our findings were compared with information on H. triarthrus from Mozambican waters.
Poster: A moving target defense scheme with overhead control

—We present a scheme for harnessing advantages of moving target defense while controlling overhead. We leverage a partially observable Markov decision process with an absorbing state to incorporate attacker dynamics, overhead and effectiveness of defenses, and limitations of intrusion detection in a single model that can be solved to produce a policy graph. We demonstrate the utility of the policy graph as the backbone of a cyber defense system that thwarts the threat just enough, just in time, defending against attacks while also preserving the defender’s own system availability.
Poster: Privacy Risks of Explaining Machine Learning Models

—Can an adversary exploit model explanations to infer sensitive information about the models’ training set? To investigate this question, we ﬁrst focus on membership inference attacks : given a data point and a model explanation, the attacker’s goal is to decide whether or not the point belongs to the training data. We study this problem for three popular types of transparency methods: gradient-based attribution methods, perturbation-based attribution methods, and example-based in-ﬂuence measures. We develop membership inference attacks based on these model explanations and extensively test them on a variety of datasets. In settings where existing attacks based on the loss are infeasible, we show that gradient-based explanations can leak a signiﬁcant amount of information about the individual data points in the training set. We also show that record-based measures can be effectively exploited for membership inference attacks. More importantly, we design reconstruction attacks against this class of model explanations. We demonstrate that they can be exploited to recover signiﬁcant parts of the training set. Finally, we discuss the resistance of perturbation-based attribution methods to existing attacks and link it to a shortcoming of this type of explanation.
Estimating the sex ratio of loggerhead turtle hatchlings at Mon Repos rookery (Australia) from nest temperatures

Sand temperatures and loggerhead turtle nest temperatures (Caretta caretta) at Mon Repos rookery (Australia) were monitored over the 2005–06 and 2006–07 nesting seasons and hatchling sex ratios of clutches were estimated using the Constant Temperature Equivalent method. Nest temperatures were positively correlated with the sand temperature and air temperature in both seasons. Both seasons produced a female-biased sex ratio, especially the 2005–06 season, when almost all hatchlings were predicted to be female. Hatch success rate was not affected by nest temperature and averaged 85%, but hot nests from 2005–06 had a reduced emergence success compared with other nests. Daily cyclic temperature fluctuations of 0.5–1.5°C were a feature of nests, with a tendency for greater daily amplitude in the 2005–06 season when the average daily temperature was hotter. These daily temperature fluctuations increased the constant temperature equivalent temperature by 0.1–0.5°C above mean nest temperature during the sex-determining period and resulted in an increased female bias in the estimated hatchling sex ratio.
Suggested Educational Principles for Integrating Humor inside Classes of English at Birzeit University Based on the Relief Theory

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد(1) كيف ينظر الطلاب والمعلمون إلى الفكاهة في داخل الفصول الدراسية للغة الإنجليزية من حيث تقليل التوتر والقلق، و(2) كيف ينظر الطلاب إلى مدرسيهم الذين يتمتعون بروح الدعابة، و(3) كيف تؤثر الفكاهة على الجو داخل الفصول الدراسية، و(4) تسعى إلى اقتراح بعض المبادئ التعليمية التربوية لاستخدام الفكاهة داخل فصول اللغة الإنجليزية في جامعة بيرزيت، وانتهجت الدراسة منهج البحث نوعي ذو تصميم وصفي تطويري، واشتمل المشاركون في الدراسة على 200 طالب/ة، تم تصنيفهم إلى مساقات الUnlock الاستدراكية للغة الإنجليزية، واشتمل المشاركون في الدراسة على خمسة مدرسين في قسم اللغات والترجمة، وجمعت البيانات عن طريق استبانة تشتمل على المسح النوعي ومقابلات، وبناء على نتائج تحليل البيانات، أشار الطلاب والمدرسون إلى أن الفكاهة تقلل من التوتر داخل فصول اللغة الإنجليزية وتخلق جوا من الاهتمام، وينظر الطلاب إلى المدرسين ذوي روح الدعابة على أنهم إنسانيون وقريبون من طلابهم، علاوة على ذلك، تم تطوير بعض المبادئ التعليمية التربوية لاستخدام الفكاهة داخل فصول اللغة الإنجليزية بناء على البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها بعد تأكيدها ومراجعتها من قبل 10 مختصين. وفق اللنتائج تم اقتراح بعض التوصيات.
Anti-language, Slang and Cyber Scam Subculture among Urban Youth in Southwestern Nigeria

Cyber scam, an on-trend subculture among Nigerian urban youth, has posed a major security and economic threat to the global community. As part of the strategies developed to ‘institutionalise’ their illicit business and evade the punitive hand(s) of the Nigerian and international law enforcement agencies, cyber scammers in Nigeria have devised various strategies, including the deployment of anti-language and slangy expressions in their transactional and social interaction. Extant studies on cybercrime in the Nigerian context have largely addressed the phenomenon from the sociological, economical and information technological perspectives with little attention paid to it from a linguistic perspective. Therefore, this study, gathering data with the deployment of ethnographic techniques, and drawing from Halliday’s (1976) concept of anti-language, investigates the linguistic strategies employed by cyber scammers in Southwestern Nigeria in their social and transactional interaction. Findings reveal slangy coinages and overlexicalisation, and relexicalisation (semantic extension) are anti-language phenomena characterising cyber scammers’ language in region. These are achieved through the deployment of linguistic sub-strategies such as reduplication, clipping, blending and acronym (initialism). ________________________________________________________________________
Human Nutrition and Metabolism Dietary Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols Suppress Accumulation of Body Fat in a Double-Blind, Controlled Trial in Healthy Men and Women

We investigated the effect of long-term ingestion of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) on body weight and fat in humans. Using a double-blind, controlled protocol, we assessed the potential health benefits of MCT compared with long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) in 78 healthy men and women [body mass index (BMI) $ 23 kg/m: n 5 26 (MCT), n 5 30 (LCT); BMI , 23 kg/m: n 5 15 (MCT), n 5 7 (LCT)]. Changes in anthropometric variables, body weight and body fat during the 12-wk MCT treatment period were compared with those in subjects consuming the LCT diet. The subjects were asked to consume 9218 kJ/d and 60 g/d of total fat. The energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate intakes did not differ significantly between the groups. Body weight and body fat in both groups had decreased by wk 4, 8 and 12 of the study. However, in the subjects with BMI $ 23 kg/m, the extent of the decrease in body weight was significantly greater in the MCT group than in the LCT group. In subjects with BMI $ 23 kg/m, the loss of body fat in the MCT group (23.86 6 0.3 kg) was significantly greater than that in the LCT group (22.75 6 0.2 kg) at 8 wk. In addition, in subjects with BMI $ 23 kg/m, the decrease in the area of subcutaneous fat in the MCT group was significantly greater than that in the LCT group at wk 4, 8 and 12. These results suggest that the MCT diet may reduce body weight and fat in individuals (BMI $ 23 kg/m) more than the LCT diet. J. Nutr. 131: 2853–2859, 2001.
Research on Intelligent Guidance Optimal Path of Shared Car Charging in the IOT Environment

In recent years, with the improvement of Internet of Things (IOT) technology, a “shared” service concept has appeared in people’s life. In the limited available resources, it is of great value to study the optimal path of charging pile selection for shared cars. With the help of Internet of Things technology and through analyzing the collected data, this paper introduces three path optimization methods, the Dijkstra algorithm, heuristic algorithm , and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm; establishes relevant convergence conditions; and takes the actual path cost as the criterion to judge the optimal path. In addition, this paper studies the optimal path from the shared car to the charging pile. Through the simulation experiment, the results show that compared with the traditional optimal path algorithm, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm has strong parallelism and better search effect for optimal path selection in the case of large number of traffic path nodes and complex paths, which fully reflects the performance advantage of the algorithm.
Biosynthetic studies on the fusarins, metabolites of fusarium moniliforme

The incorporation of (2S)-[methyl-–13C]methionine and [1,2-13C2]acetate into fusarin A, a metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, points to a biosynthetic pathway involving the condensation of a C14-polyketide and a C4 intermediate, e.g. oxaloacetate, of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Reproduction of Two Closely Related Skinks, Egernia modesta and E. whitii (Lacertilia : Scincidae) in South-East Queensland

The reproductive cycles of two closely related skinks, Egernia modesta and E, whitii, in southern Queensland are described and compared in sympatric populations. They are very similar, both species produce 1-5 live young about 40 mm long in January-early February. Lizards mature at the end of their second year and litter size is positively related to female body length. Adults grow to 110 mm and appear to live at least 4 years. Two non-hybridising colour morphs of E. whitii were present in the study area and did not associate at random. Possible mechanisms explaining the evolution of these three closely related forms, which can coexist in similar habitats, are discussed.