Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROTOSTELLAR DISK EVOLUTION OVER MILLION-YEAR TIMESCALES WITH A PRESCRIPTION FOR MAGNETIZED TURBULENCE

Magnetorotational instability (MRI) is the most promising mechanism behind accretion in low-mass protostellar disks. Here we present the first analysis of the global structure and evolution of non-ideal MRI-driven T-Tauri disks on million-year timescales. We accomplish this in a 1+1D simulation by calculating magnetic diffusivities and utilizing turbulence activity criteria to determine thermal structure and accretion rate without resorting to a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulation. Our major findings are as follows. First, even for modest surface densities of just a few times the minimum-mass solar nebula, the dead zone encompasses the giant planet-forming region, preserving any compositional gradients. Second, the surface density of the active layer is nearly constant in time at roughly 10 g cm−2, which we use to derive a simple prescription for viscous heating in MRI-active disks for those who wish to avoid detailed MHD computations. Furthermore, unlike a standard disk with constant-α viscosity, the disk midplane does not cool off over time, though the surface cools as the star evolves along the Hayashi track. Instead, the MRI may pile material in the dead zone, causing it to heat up over time. The ice line is firmly in the terrestrial planet-forming region throughout disk evolution and can move either inward or outward with time, depending on whether pileups form near the star. Finally, steady-state mass transport is an extremely poor description of flow through an MRI-active disk, as we see both the turnaround in the accretion flow required by conservation of angular momentum and peaks in bracketing each side of the dead zone. We caution that MRI activity is sensitive to many parameters, including stellar X-ray flux, grain size, gas/small grain mass ratio and magnetic field strength, and we have not performed an exhaustive parameter study here. Our 1+1D model also does not include azimuthal information, which prevents us from modeling the effects of Rossby waves.
Factors Affecting the Binding of Diltiazem to Rainbow Trout Plasma: Implications for the Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Systems

The accumulation of organic toxicants in fish plasma, and how they partition between the bound and unbound fraction once absorbed, are important metrics in models that seek to predict the risk of such contaminants in aquatic settings. Rapid equilibrium dialysis of diltiazem, an ionizable weak base and important human pharmaceutical contaminant of freshwaters, was conducted with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma. The effect of fed state, fish sex, fish strain/size, and dialysis buffer pH on the binding of radiolabeled diltiazem (9 ng ml−1) was assessed. In fed fish, 24.6%–29.5% of diltiazem was free, unbound to plasma proteins. Although starvation of fish resulted in a decrease in plasma protein, the bound fraction of diltiazem remained relatively constant. Consequently, the protein‐bound concentration of diltiazem increased with length of starvation. In general, rainbow trout strain was a significant factor affecting plasma binding, although the two strains tested also differed markedly in size. Dialysis buffer pH significantly influenced plasma binding, with a higher unbound diltiazem fraction at pH 6.8 than pH 8.0. These data indicate that empirical measures of plasma binding in fish are important for accurate risk assessment and that the physiological status of a fish is likely to impact its sensitivity to toxicants such as diltiazem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3125–3133. © 2022 SETAC
1S-2S spectroscopy of trapped hydrogen : the cold collision frequency shift and studies of BEC

The cold collision frequency shift of the 1S-2S two-photon transition is studied in trapped spin-polarized atomic hydrogen at submillikelvin temperatures. This effect is the low temperature manifestation of the pressure shift and broadening familiar from spectroscopy at normal temperatures and pressures. We find the shift is given by Avs-2s= -3.8 ± 0.8 x 10-10 n Hz cm 3, where n is the sample density. Theory is developed to express the shift in terms of the mean field interaction energy due to collisions and thus relate it to the s-wave triplet scattering lengths, ais-is and aIs-2s. From this we derive aIs-2s = -1.4 ± 0.3 nm, which is in fair agreement with a recent calculation. 1S-2S spectroscopy is a valuable probe of the density, temperature, and atomatom interactions in the trapped sample, especially in the regime of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We describe properties of the condensate and how they are determined from the 1S-2S spectrum. Thesis Supervisor: Thomas J. Greytak Title: Professor of Physics Thesis Supervisor: Daniel Kleppner Title: Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics
Two New Eremophilane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia sagitta

Two new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids, sagittacins F and G (1 and 2), together with one known isomer of sagittacin F (3) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Ligularia sagitta. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were determined by X‐ray spectroscopy. Compound 1 belongs to a rare class of eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoid featuring an α‐oriented hydroxy group at C‐1. A nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory assay was applied to evaluate their anti‐inflammatory activities by using LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited modest NO production inhibitions with IC50 values of 45.15±2.72 and 49.83±2.34 μM, respectively.
Host Gene Expression to Predict Sepsis Progression*

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis causes significant mortality. However, most patients who die of sepsis do not present with severe infection, hampering efforts to deliver early, aggressive therapy. It is also known that the host gene expression response to infection precedes clinical illness. This study seeks to develop transcriptomic models to predict progression to sepsis or shock within 72 hours of hospitalization and to validate previously identified transcriptomic signatures in the prediction of 28-day mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective differential gene expression analysis and predictive modeling using RNA sequencing data. PATIENTS: Two hundred seventy-seven patients enrolled at four large academic medical centers; all with clinically adjudicated infection were considered for inclusion in this study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sepsis progression was defined as an increase in Sepsis 3 category within 72 hours. Transcriptomic data were generated using RNAseq of whole blood. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator modeling was used to identify predictive signatures for various measures of disease progression. Four previously identified gene signatures were tested for their ability to predict 28-day mortality. There were no significant differentially expressed genes in 136 subjects with worsened Sepsis 3 category compared with 141 nonprogressor controls. There were 1,178 differentially expressed genes identified when sepsis progression was defined as ICU admission or 28-day mortality. A model based on these genes predicted progression with an area under the curve of 0.71. Validation of previously identified gene signatures to predict sepsis mortality revealed area under the receiver operating characteristic values of 0.70–0.75 and no significant difference between signatures. CONCLUSIONS: Host gene expression was unable to predict sepsis progression when defined by an increase in Sepsis-3 category, suggesting this definition is not a useful framework for transcriptomic prediction methods. However, there was a differential response when progression was defined as ICU admission or death. Validation of previously described signatures predicted 28-day mortality with insufficient accuracy to offer meaningful clinical utility.
Magnetic Doppler imaging considering atmospheric structure modifications due to local abundances: a luxury or a necessity?

Magnetic Doppler imaging is currently the most powerful method of interpreting highresolution spectropolarimetric observations of stars. Th is technique has provided the very first maps of stellar magnetic field topologies reconstructe d from timeseries of full Stokes vector spectra, revealing the presence of small-scale magnetic fields on the surfaces of Ap stars. These studies were recently criticisied by Stift et a l. , who claimed that magnetic inversions are not robust and are seriously undermined by neglecting a feedback on the Stokes line profiles from the local atmospheric structure in the regions of enhanced metal abundance. We show that Stift et al. misinterpreted published magnetic Doppler imaging results and consistently neglected some of the most fundamental principles behind magnetic mapping. Using state-of-the-art opacity sampling model atmosphere and polarised radiative transfer codes, we demonstrate that the variation of atmospheric structure across the surface of a star with chemical spots affects the local continuum intensity but is negli gible for the normalised local Stokes profiles except for the rare situation of a very strong line in an extremely Fe-rich atmosphere. For the disk-integrated spectra of an Ap star with extreme abundance variations, we find that the assumption of a mean model atmosphere leads to moderate errors in Stokes I but is negligible for the circular and linear polarisation spectra. E mploying a new magnetic inversion code, which incorporates the horizontal variation of atmospheric structure induced by chemical spots, we reconstructed new maps of magnetic field and Fe abundance for the bright Ap star � 2 CVn. The resulting distribution of chemical spots changes insignificantly compared to the previous modelling based on a single model atmosphere, while the magnetic field geometry does not change at all. This shows that the assertions by Stift et al. are exaggerated as a consequence of unreasonable assumptions and extrapolations, as well as methodological flaws and inconsistencies of their analysis. Our discuss ion proves that published magnetic inversions based on a mean stellar atmosphere are highly robust and reliable, and that the presence of small-scale magnetic field structures on the sur faces of Ap stars is indeed real. Incorporating horizontal variations of atmospheric structu re in Doppler imaging can marginally improve reconstruction of abundance distributions for stars showing very large iron overabundances. But this costly technique is unnecessary for magnetic mapping with high-resolution polarisation spectra.
Solution blowing spinning of polylactate/polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO nanocomposite toward green and sustainable preparation of wound dressing nanofibrous films

The outstanding biodegradability, biocompatibility, affordability, and renewability of polylactic acid have made it a prominent biomaterial. Herein, an innovative, easy, and eco‐friendly technique is used to prepare sodium polylactate (SP)‐based nanofibers. Solution blowing spinning (SBS) was used to create fibrous mats of SP and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). SBS's SP nanfibers were crosslinked using an aqueous solution of calcium chloride to produce moisture‐resistant calcium polylactate nanofibrous spun mats. Both of UV–visible absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to study the produced zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) to indicate a diameter of around 15–23 nm with a high intensity absorption intensity at 370 nm. New polylactate copolymer was synthesized and characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopic techniques. In order to prepare SP/PVA/ZnO nanocomposite nanofibers, various ZnO ratios were used. The morphologies of the composite nanofibers were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity tests of the prepared mat were studied by conducting experiments with L‐929 cells at various time intervals. The prepared composite SP/PVA/ZnO nanofibers were subjected to cytotoxicity tests to determine their cytocompatibility. Results showed that those with ZnO concentrations between 0.5% and 2% were found to be less harmful than those with higher concentrations. A variety of bacterial species, including Bacillus pumilus and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Klebseilla pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were used to test the antibacterial properties of SP/PVA/ZnO spun mats. The ZnO NPs integrated in the SP/PVA fibrous mats were responsible for their antibacterial properties. After finding the appropriate concentration of ZnO that is least harmful while yet giving a satisfactory antibacterial activity, this biomaterial might be perfect for wound dressing applications.
The elderly prognostic index predicts early mortality in older patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. An ad hoc analysis of the elderly project by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi

The Elderly Prognostic Index (EPI) is based on the integration of a simplified geriatric assessment, hemoglobin levels and International Prognostic Index and has been validated to predict overall survival in older patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this study, we evaluated the ability of EPI to predict the risk of early mortality. This study included all patients registered in the Elderly Project for whom treatment details and a minimum follow‐up of 3 months were available. Three main treatment groups were identified based on the anthracycline amount administered: cases receiving >70% of the theoretical anthracyclines dose (Full Dose [FD] group), ≤70% (Reduced Dose [RD]) and palliative therapy (PT; no anthracyclines). The primary endpoint was early mortality rate, defined as death for any cause occurring within 90 days from diagnosis. We identified 1150 patients with a median age of 76 years (range 65–94). Overall, 69 early deaths were observed, accounting for 19% of all reported deaths. The cumulative rate of early mortality at 90 days was 6.0%. Comparing early with delayed deaths, we observed a lower frequency of deaths due to lymphoma progression (42% vs. 75%; p < 0.001) and a higher frequency due to toxicity and infections (22% vs. 4%, p < 0.001, and 22% vs. 3%, p < 0.001, respectively) for early events. A multivariable logistic analysis on 931 patients (excluding PT) confirmed an independent association of high‐risk EPI (odds ratio [OR] 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–11.2) and bulky disease (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.09–3.97) with the risk of early mortality. The cumulative incidence of early mortality for older patients with DLBCL is not negligible and is mainly associated with non‐lymphoma related events. For patients receiving anthracyclines, high‐risk EPI and bulky disease are associated with a higher probability of early mortality.
NO EVIDENCE FOR A DEPENDENCE OF THE MASS–SIZE RELATION OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES ON ENVIRONMENT IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

The early-type galaxy (ETG) mass–size relation has largely been studied to understand how these galaxies assembled their mass. One key observational result of the last years is that massive galaxies increased their size by a factor of a few at fixed stellar mass from z ∼ 2. Hierarchical models favor minor mergers as a plausible driver of this size growth. Some of these models predict a significant environmental dependence in the sense that galaxies residing in more massive halos tend to be larger than galaxies in lower mass halos, at fixed stellar mass and redshift. At present, observational results of this environmental dependence are contradictory. In this paper we revisit this issue in the local universe, by investigating how the sizes of massive ETGs depend on a large-scale environment using an updated and accurate sample of ETGs in different environments—field, group, and clusters—from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7. Our analysis does not show any significant environmental dependence of the sizes of central and satellite ETGs at fixed stellar mass at z ∼ 0. The size–mass relation of early-type galaxies at z ∼ 0 seems to be universal, i.e., independent of the mass of the host halo and of the position of the galaxy in that halo (central or satellite). The result is robust to different galaxy selections based on star formation, morphology, or central density. Considering our observational errors and the size of the sample, any size ratio larger than 30%–40% between massive galaxies (log(M*/M☉) > 11) living in clusters and in the field can be ruled out at 3σ level.
Auer rods and faggot cells: A review of the history, significance and mimics of two morphological curiosities of enduring relevance

Myeloid differentiation in blasts is distinguished by the presence of one or more needle‐shaped crystalline structures called Auer rods. Auer rods manifest either alone or as faggot cells (containing bundles of Auer rods) in various types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). Their presence largely portends a better prognosis in AML (as markers of maturation/differentiation) and upstages cases of MDS and MDS/MPN. Observation of these rods in residual blasts in treated cases of AML indicates an absence of remission. This article traces their historical discovery and examines their pathogenetic intricacies, as well as our current understanding of their relevance in myeloid neoplasms. Studies evaluating their prognostic impact in AML and MDS are catalogued. We also discuss a variety of other hematological and non‐hematological neoplasms where structures potentially mistakable for Auer rods have been described. Even as the diagnostic approach to hematological malignancies has evolved from a morphology + cytochemistry + immunophenotyping‐dependent one in the last century to a predominantly molecular genetics‐based classification currently, and even as high‐throughput sequencing and structural variation detection techniques surpass morphology in detecting clinically‐relevant sub‐categories of similar‐appearing tumours, we review these curious microscopic structures that have withstood the test of time with respect to their diagnostic relevance.
Mean-field cosmological dynamo curvature vs turbulence spectrum in Riemannian space

Previous attempts for building a cosmic dynamo including preheating in inflationary universes [Bassett et al Phys Rev (2001)] has not included mean field dynamos. Here, a mean field dynamo in cosmic scales on a Riemannian spatial cosmological section background, is set up. When magnetic fields and flow velocities are parallel propagated along the Riemannian space dynamo action is obtained. Turbulent diffusivity ${\beta}$ is coupled with the Ricci magnetic curvature, as in Marklund and Clarkson [MNRAS (2005)], GR-MHD dynamo equation. Mean electric field possesses an extra term due to Ricci tensor coupling with magnetic vector potential in Ohm's law. Goedel universe induces a mean field dynamo growth rate ${\gamma}=2{\omega}^{2}{\beta}$. In this frame kinetic helicity vanishes. By considering a universe vorticity, ${\omega}\approx{10^{-16}s^{-1}}$ for galactic dynamos, thus ${\gamma}=2.10^{-32}{\beta}$, and since ${\beta}\approx{10^{26}cm^{2}s^{-1}}$, the growth rate ${\gamma}\approx{10^{-6}s^{-1}}$. In non-comoving the magnetic field is expressed as $B\approx{\sqrt{\frac{2{\beta}}{\gamma}}{\times}10^{-6}G}\approx{10^{10}G}$ a magnetic field found in the nucleosynthesis era. The Ricci scalar turbulence spectrum of the cosmic dynamos is computed from the GR-MHD dynamo equation. By analyzing the Fourier modes of the Ricci scalar, one shows that the energy spectrum of the curvature turbulent dynamo is similar to the Kolmogorov spectrum. Similar enhancements of turbulence in Friedmann cosmology have been obtained by Brandenburg et al [Phys Rev D (1997)].
Comparing seroma formation rate after harvest of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap and the superficial abdominal perforator flaps in autologous breast reconstruction: A propensity‐matched analysis

Donor site seroma formation and prolonged drainage duration are commonly seen after harvest of perforator‐based abdominal flaps. The lymphatic network including the lymphatic vessels and the lymph nodes can be traumatized during harvest of a perforator‐based abdominal flap, eventually causing seroma formation. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative seroma occurrence rates between the deep system group including the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap and the superficial system group comprised of the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap, the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap, and the SIEA‐SCIP combined flap.
Epigenetic master regulators HDAC1 and HDAC5 control pathobiont Enterobacteria colonization in ileal mucosa of Crohn’s disease patients

ABSTRACT Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which abnormally colonize the ileal mucosa of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, are known to contribute to the etiopathogenesis of CD. Molecular mechanisms favoring AIEC ileal colonization have not been completely characterized yet. The aim of this study was to investigate whether epigenetic regulators histone deacetylases (HDAC) expression in intestinal epithelial cells of CD patients regulate Enterobacteria and AIEC encroachment to intestinal mucosa. HDAC were inhibited in vitro and in CEABAC10 mice to decipher their involvement in the entry of AIEC within host cells. CD ileal samples from the REMIND cohort were used to study the relationship between HDAC expression level and Enterobacteria/AIEC colonization in patients. Mice were fed a westernized diet and orally challenged with AIEC to determine the impact of diet on HDAC expression. Global level of acetylated histone H3 is higher in patients colonized by AIEC bacteria compared to patients non-colonized by Enterobacteria and HDAC inhibition-mediated H3 hyperacetylation promotes the entry of AIEC bacteria within intestinal epithelial cells. HDAC1 and HDAC5 are central and antagonistic in the regulation of AIEC entry within host cells in vitro, in mouse models and in ileal mucosa of CD patients. In mice fed a western-type diet, AIEC infection decreases HDAC1 expression, inducing H3 hyperacetylation to favor their own colonization. CD patients under a western diet are more prone to be colonized by AIEC bacteria as such a diet affects intestinal homeostasis, enables AIEC access to intestinal mucosa where they then manipulate host-epigenome to their advantage. Abbreviations AIEC Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli; BSA Bovine serum albumin; CD Crohn’s disease; CEABAC10 Carcinoembryonic antigen bacterial artificial chromosome 10; CEACAM Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule; FBS Fetal bovine serum; IBD Inflammatory Bowel Disease; HAT Histone acetyltransferase; HDAC Histone deacetylase; kDa KiloDalton; SAHA Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid; Scr Scramble