Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor EB-mediated autophagy promotes dermal fibroblast differentiation and collagen production by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy-dependent secretion

Autophagy is reported to be involved in the formation of skin hypertrophic scar (HTS). However, the role of autophagy in the process of fibrosis remains unclear, therefore an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with autophagy may accelerate the development of effective therapeutic strategies against HTS. The present study evaluated the roles of autophagy mediated by transcription factor EB (TFEB), a pivotal regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy, in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblast differentiation and collagen production. Fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or TGF-β1 + TFEB-small interfering RNA (siRNA). TGF-β1 induced phenotypic transformation of fibro-blasts, as well as collagen synthesis and secretion in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and immuno-fluorescence analyses demonstrated that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, whereas TUDCA reversed TGF-β1-induced changes. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and RFP-GFP-LC3 double fluorescence analyses demonstrated that knockdown of TFEB by TFEB-siRNA decreased autophagic flux, upregulated the expression of proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway, such as phosphorylated-α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, C/EBP homologous protein and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, and also downregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I (COL I) in fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence confocal analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that TGF-β1 increased the colocalization of COL I with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and Ras-related protein Rab-8A, a marker of secretory vesicles, in fibroblasts, as well as the secretion of pro-COL Iα1 in culture supernatants. Meanwhile, these effects were abolished by TFEB knockdown. The present results suggested that autophagy reduced ER stress, decreased cell apoptosis and maintained fibroblast activation not only through degradation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, but also through promotion of COL I release from the autolysosome to the extracellular environment.
Tree water deficit and dynamic source water partitioning

The stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δ2H and δ18O, respectively) have been widely used to investigate tree water source partitioning. These tracers have shed new light on patterns of tree water use in time and space. However, there are several limiting factors to this methodology (e.g., the difficult assessment of isotope fractionation in trees, and the labor‐intensity associated with the collection of significant sample sizes) and the use of isotopes alone has not been enough to provide a mechanistic understanding of source water partitioning. Here, we combine isotope data in xylem and soil water with measurements of tree's physiological information including tree water deficit (TWD), fine root distribution, and soil matric potential, to investigate the mechanism driving tree water source partitioning. We used a 2 m3 lysimeter with willow trees (Salix viminalis) planted within, to conduct a high spatial–temporal resolution experiment. TWD provided an integrated response of plant water status to water supply and demand. The combined isotopic and TWD measurement showed that short‐term variation (within days) in source water partitioning is determined mainly by plant hydraulic response to changes in soil matric potential. We observed changes in the relationship between soil matric potential and TWD that are matched by shifts in source water partitioning. Our results show that tree water use is a dynamic process on the time scale of days. These findings demonstrate tree's plasticity to water supply over days can be identified with high‐resolution measurements of plant water status. Our results further support that root distribution alone is not an indicator of water uptake dynamics. Overall, we show that combining physiological measurements with traditional isotope tracing can reveal mechanistic insights into plant responses to changing environmental conditions.
Measuring the shock Hugoniot data of liquid nitrogen using a cryogenic system for shock compression

The study of homonuclear diatomic molecules under high pressure and high temperature is a fundamental problem of condensed matter physics. In this research work, a cryogenic target (CT) was built to liquefy the gas and execute shock compression. The characteristics of the CT and the diagnostic system are explained in detail. We performed a shock compression of liquid nitrogen by using a two-stage light-gas gun at pressures up to 93 GPa (0.93 Mbar). Impactor velocities were measured with the magnetic velocimetry system, with a precision of 0.2%. The optical waveforms were recorded with the Doppler pin system, then further fast Fourier transform obtained velocity profiles in the sample. The measured velocity profiles were used to identify optical reflectance and obtain first-shock velocities, independent of the sample thickness above dissociative pressure (>30 GPa). The measured shock velocities had an uncertainty of less than 1%. First particle velocities were calculated by impedance matching, and the second velocities were directly calculated from the velocity profiles in an LiF anvil. The experimental shock Hugoniot results were observed to be consistent with those of the previous work. However, the principal Hugoniot softened above 27 GPa, and the uncertainties in the first and second-shock volumes were less than 0.7% and 3%, respectively.
Effectiveness of Intensive Alternative Family Treatment on Reducing Re-Admissions to Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facilities

Children and youth with high behavioral health needs can receive care in a psychiatric residential treatment facility (PRTF). Overutilization of PRTFs is concerning because they are highly restrictive and costly residential care settings. Intensive Alternative Family Treatment (IAFT®) is an intensive therapeutic foster care program combined with service implementation strategies that is designed to reduce risk for entry to PRTF among youth with high behavioral health needs. This article presents findings from a quasi-experimental study examining the effectiveness of IAFT services in such a population of youth. In this study, we balanced treatment and comparison groups by first sampling youth with intensive care needs as indicated by having a prior PRTF spell. We then used propensity score weighting and covariate adjustment to estimate the effectiveness of IAFT in preventing PRTF re-entry. We found that receipt of IAFT was associated with a 24% lower risk of PRTF re-entry compared with youth who exited from a PRTF in the same state but did not receive IAFT. Sensitivity tests yielded mixed results regarding the effect of IAFT. Overall, results suggest that IAFT is an effective treatment approach for reducing risk for PRTF entry among youth with high behavioral health needs.
Fates of Paleo‐Antarctic Bottom Water During the Early Eocene: Based on a Lagrangian Analysis of IPSL‐CM5A2 Climate Model Simulations

Both deepwater formation and the obduction processes converting dense deep water to lighter surface water are the engine for the global meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Their spatio‐temporal variations effectively modify the ocean circulation and related carbon cycle, which affects climate evolution throughout geological time. Using early‐Eocene bathymetry and enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration, the IPSL‐CM5A2 climate model has simulated a well‐ventilated Southern Ocean associated with a strong anticlockwise MOC. To trace the fates of these paleo‐Antarctic Bottom Water (paleo‐AABW), we conducted Lagrangian analyses using these IPSL‐CM5A2 model results and tracking virtual particles released at the lower limb of the MOC, defined as an initial section at 60°S below 1,900 m depth. Diagnostic analysis of these particles trajectories reveals that most paleo‐AABW circulates back to the Southern Ocean through either the initial section (43%) or the section above (31%), the remaining (>25%) crossing the base of the mixed layer mostly in tropical regions (up to half). The majority of water parcels ending in the mixed layer experience negative density transformations, intensified in the upper 500 m and mostly occurring in tropical upwelling regions, with a spatial pattern consistent with the wind‐driven Ekman pumping, largely determined by the Eocene wind stress and continental geometry. In the same way as present‐day North Atlantic Deep Water upwells in the Southern Ocean, our results suggest that the strong tropical and equatorial upwelling during the Eocene provides an efficient pathway from the abyss to the surface, but at much higher temperature, with potential implications for the oceanic carbon cycle.
Pharmacotherapy Follow up in Mental Health: Which Outcomes Change in a Short Period?

Objectives: Investigate the outcome changes in patients with depression and anxiety during a pharmacotherapy follow up service, in a short period. Materials and Methods: A randomized and controlled trial of 70 adults was developed in Psychosocial Care Centers in Brazil. Patients in the intervention group received pharmacotherapy follow up service according over a 4-month period. The control group received traditional service. After the 4-month period, patients of the control group were invited to participate for another four months receiving pharmacotherapy follow up service (control group post-intervention). The primary outcomes (medication adherence, anxiety and depression rates, quality of life) and the variations between groups were compared. Results: The evaluation of the control group data showed no statistically significant difference for parameters. However, in relation to adherence to pharmacotherapy, there was a statistically significant difference in the intervention group, between consultations 1 and 3 and consultations 1 and 4. For the clinical parameters (depression and anxiety) and humanistic (quality of life), there was no difference between the intervention group consultations. For the patients in the control group post-intervention (consultations 1 to 4), when compared to moment 4 of the control group, the levels of depression decreased between the moment 4 control group and the moments of the pharmaceutical appointment 2, 3 and 4. Conclusion: This study points out that these patients should take much more time being followed up, in order to improve the clinical and humanistic outcomes. Also, standardized documentation and records have to be provided in this pharmaceutical service.
The use of soil data in natural heritage planning and management

Abstract. Native woodland restoration is a conservation priority within the UK and there is an increasing awareness that a long‐term strategy is required to guide this process. A GIS‐based modelling approach has been developed, which links site conditions as expressed in an integrated soil and land cover dataset with the site requirements for different woodland types. There are three important aspects to the model – the parameter weightings, the added value of the integrated dataset, and the woodland categories which are described and predicted. The initial quantitative and qualitative validation has been encouraging although more is required and planned. The results indicate that for broad strategic planning purposes, predictions of woodland potential are not improved significantly when climatic factors are incorporated. The concept that soil acts as an integrator of other environmental variables is discussed alongside the practical application of the model by a range of users.
Increasing silicone mold longevity: a review of surface modification techniques for PDMS-PDMS double casting

ABSTRACT Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used extensively for microfluidic devices due to its chemical properties allowing for rapid molding and versatile biological application. Soft lithography-based PDMS fabrication primarily comprises casting from patterned photoresist on a silicon wafer. The patterned photoresist is often replaced with the cast PDMS as a more durable template mold for final PDMS fabrication that is less fragile and expensive. PDMS-PDMS double-casting prolongs the longevity of soft lithography molds and reduces overall costs to microfluidic applications. A common end to the lifetime of PDMS negative masters is the risk of bonding between the replicate and mold and distorted topographical features. This review examines common chemical and physical debonding approaches between PDMS-PDMS castings to extend the lifetime of PDMS masters.
Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia

Bottom-dwelling elasmobranchs, such as guitarfishes, skates and stingrays are highly susceptible species to bycatch due to the overlap between their distribution and area of fishing operations. Catch data for this group is also often merged in generic categories preventing species-specific assessments. Along the east coast of Australia, the Eastern Fiddler Ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata (Muller & Henle, 1841), and the Sydney Skate, Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884), are common components of bycatch yet there is little information about their age, growth and reproductive timing, making impact assessment difficult. In this study the age and growth (from vertebral bands) as well as reproductive parameters of these two species are estimated and reported based on 171 specimens of Eastern Fiddler Rays (100 females and 71 males) and 81 Sydney Skates (47 females and 34 males). Based on von Bertalanffy growth curve fits, Eastern Fiddler Rays grew to larger sizes than Sydney Skate but did so more slowly (ray: L∞ = 109.61, t0 = 0.26 and K = 0.20; skate: L∞ = 51.95, t0 = -0.99 and K = 0.34 [both sexes combined]). Both species had higher liver weight ratios (HSI) during austral summer. Gonadal weight ratios (GSI) were higher in the austral winter for Eastern Fiddler and in the austral spring for Sydney Skates.
Lowering the Detection Limit of Solvent Polymeric Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes. An Experimental Study with Calcium-Selective Micropipette Electrodes

Abstract Ion-selective microelectrodes (ISMEs) in the range of 2–90 µm were investigated using different composition of inner reference electrolytes (IRE). The electrodes prepared were PVC-free solvent polymeric based calcium-selective (Ca-ISMEs) micropipette ones. Efforts were done to find an optimal composition of the membrane, IRE, and pipette size in order to reduce the apparent super-Nerstian part of the calibration curves for Ca2+-measurements in the submicromolar range. As a result, we could find an optimal composition, which was linear down to about 10−8 M.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Interpersonal Exposure of Sneezing in a Full-Scale Chamber

It is well known that person-to-person spreading of infectious pathogens occurs mostly because of sneezing or coughing in indoor environments. This study analyzes the spatial droplet concentration generated by human sneezing and its potential impact on the adjacent person, experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out in a controlled chamber with dimensions of 2.3 × 2.3 × 2.3 m3 with two manikins (source and susceptible) standing opposite to each other at a fixed distance. Two kinds of ventilation schemes were employed in this study: well-mixed ventilation (WMV) and displacement ventilation (DV). For each ventilation scheme, the manikins were placed at two different locations: one at the center and the other near the wall on the right side of the room. Numerical simulations of sneezing droplets distribution in the room were conducted with a drift-flux model to account for the influence of the thermal plume around the human body. The results show good agreement between experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions for vertical temperature profiles in the room and reasonably good agreement between normalized peak aerosol concentrations and the time at which peak concentrations occur. Results for measured points indicated that droplet concentrations around the susceptible manikin were higher when the manikins were placed near the wall, rather than at the center. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
A Treasured Persona: Re-Interpreting the Eketorp Precious Metal Deposition

Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University nanouschka.burstrom@ark.su. se The theory and practice of the object-biographical approach is the backdrop for this reinterpretation of the celebrated precious metal deposition from Eketorp in central Sweden. This example serves to demonstrate the potential of the approach for assemblages as well as single objects. The Eketorp hoard is one of a category of thematically composed VikingAge precious metal depositions and contains an exceptional number of miniatures and pendants, jewellery, and some unusual coins. This paper presents new findings from excavations in 2017 and 2019, contextualises the hoard, reinterprets a number of the artefacts and points towards possibilities for further interpretation.
Object scale selection of hierarchical image segmentation with deep seeds

Hierarchical image segmentation is a prevalent technique in the literature for improving segmentation quality, where the segmentation result needs to be searched at different scales of the hierarchy to identify objects represented from various scales. In this paper, a novel framework for improving the quality of object segmentation is presented. To this end, the authors ﬁrst select the optimal segments among several hierarchical scales of the input image using simple mid-level features and dynamic programming. Simultaneously, deep seeds are localised on the input image for the foreground and background classes using a deep classiﬁcation network and a saliency network, respectively. Then, a graphical model is constructed as a set of nodes that jointly propagate information from deep seeds to unmarked regions to obtain the ﬁnal object segmentation. Comprehensive experiments are performed on different datasets for popular hierarchical image segmentation algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can signiﬁcantly improve the quality of object segmentation at low computational costs and without training any segmentation network.
Penerapan Metode Perbandingan Dempster-Shafer dengan Certainty Factor pada Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Deteksi Dini Penyakit Alzheimer pada Lansia Berbasis Web

Alzheimer's is a dementia disease associated with changes in protein in the brain. According to WHO, in 2010 there were 35.6 million people suffering from dementia. People with dementia are usually the elderly. Due to the lack of awareness, information, and knowledge about Alzheimer's disease, an expert system was created using the Dempster-Shafer comparison method with Certainty Factors to assist in early detection of the disease. The results of this study are, there is a final value of the diagnostic results using the Certainty Factor method of 56% while using the Dempster-Shafer method of 54.5%. Keywords: Alzheimer, Expert system, Dempster-Shafer, Certainty Factor, Web-Based.
Effect of rotating control cylinder location on vortex shedding behind a main cylinder

The dynamic behavior of flow over a circular main cylinder (MC) in presence of single small rotating control cylinder (CC) has been studied numerically at Reynolds number, Re = 100 and 200. The CC location (r cc = 0.6D–1D), rotational direction (clockwise and counterclockwise) and rotational rate (α = 0–2) of CC are taken as the study parameters. The flow field variables are computed using Ansys Fluent 15.0, the vortex shedding characteristics such as Strouhal number (St), drag (C D ) and lift (C L ) coefficients are analyzed. It is identified that the fluid shearing between MC and CC significantly controls the vortex formation behind the MC and subsequent vortex shedding. Unlike existing study, which reports the vortex shedding suppression only for the very closer location of CC, the present work identified new locations of CC for vortex shedding suppression. At Re = 100, suppression is identified at three different locations of CC (r cc = 0.7D, 0.9D and 1D) with lower α (α = 0.5, 1) due to a favorable pressure gradient (FPG) over MC. But with increasing Re, CC at higher r cc and lower α does not generate FPG. At Re = 200, shedding suppression is observed only at higher α (α = 2) and closer location of CC ( θ=75∘,rcc=0.7D ), which is identified as an optimum location based on vortex shedding suppression on the MC with reduced drag (65.45%, 75.8%) respectively for Re = 100 and 200.
Discrete Time Control Method for SVM Direct Active Power and Stator Flux Control of PMSG-Based Wind Turbine

This paper proposes a new method for direct control of active power and stator flux of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) used in the wind power generation system. Active power and stator flux are controlled by the proposed discrete time algorithm. Despite the commonly used vector control methods, there is no need for inner current control loops. To decrease the errors between reference and measured values of active power and stator flux, the space vector modulation (SVM) is used, which results in a constant switching frequency. Compared to vector control, the proposed direct control method has advantages such as higher dynamic response due to elimination of inner current control loops and no need to coordinate system transformation blocks as well as the PI controllers and their adjustment. Moreover, permanent magnet flux vector and several machine parameters such as stator inductances are not required which can improve the robustness of the control system. The proposed method can be used in both types of surface-mounted and interior PMSGs. The effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison to the vector control method with optimized PI coefficients by the particle swarm algorithm is evaluated. Simulation results performed in MATLAB/Simulink software show that higher dynamic response with lower active power and the stator flux ripple are achieved with the proposed method.
New bounded real lemma for singular Markovian jump systems: Application to H∞ control

This article proposes a new strictly bounded real lemma (BRL) for continuous‐time singular Markovian jump systems (SMJSs) in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). While the previous studies have been done for SMJSs that do not have a path from disturbances to desired output, the proposed BRL covers SMJSs with disturbance‐contaminated output by introducing additional free matrix variables. Based on the proposed BRL, the sufficient condition for state‐feedback stabilization is successfully obtained in terms of strict LMIs. The result leads to find the minimal ℋ∞ performance by solving the optimization problem subject to the suggested LMIs. Two examples show the less conservatism of proposed method compared with the previous work.