Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size Constrained Distance Clustering: Separation Properties and Some Complexity Results

In this paper we study the complexity of some size constrained clustering problems with norm Lp. We obtain the following results: (i) A separation property for the constrained 2-clustering problem. This implies that the optimal solutions in the 1-dimensional case verify the so-called “String Property”; (ii) The NP-hardness of the constrained 2-clustering problem for every norm Lp (p > 1); (iii) A polynomial time algorithm for the constrained 2-clustering problem in dimension 1 for every norm Lp with integer p. We also give evidence that this result cannot be extended to norm Lp with rational non-integer p; (iv) The NP-hardness of the constrained clustering problem in dimension 1 for every norm Lp (p ≥ 1).
Inhibitory Effect of the HPV-16mE6Delta/mE7/TBhsp70Delta Vaccine on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aim:To evaluate the inhibitory effect of a recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV) fusion protein vaccine on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods:An animal model of OSCC was established using human peripheral blood lymphocyte reconstituted nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. HPV vaccine was subcutaneously injected into mice after tumor establishment. Tumors and spleens were measured, weighed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Lymphocyte subpopulations and cytotoxicity were analyzed with flow cytometric and cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay. Results:The average weight and volume of tumors were significantly lower in the vaccine group than in the control group from day 27. Mice in both groups had high percentages of human CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes. An elevated percentage of human CD3−CD16+56+ natural killer cells was found in the vaccine group. Moreover, vaccine increased the infiltration of human CD3+ and UCHL-1+ cells in tumor tissues and enhanced cytotoxicity. Conclusions:The HPV fusion protein vaccine induces tumor cell death, lymphocyte infiltration and therefore suppresses tumor growth and protects against OSCC.
Specificity of HercepTest in determining HER-2/neu status of breast cancers using the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved scoring system.

PURPOSE To evaluate the specificity of the HercepTest for Immunoenzymatic Staining (Dako Corp, Carpinteria, CA) for determining HER-2/neu protein expression in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight invasive breast cancers previously found to be HER-2/neu-negative by two different immunohistochemical (IHC) assays and not amplified for the HER-2/neu gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization were studied using the HercepTest kit. HercepTest was performed according to the manufacturer's guidelines, and the results were scored on a 0 to 3+ scale using the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved grading system. In this system, cases scored as 2+ or 3+ are considered HER-2/neu-positive. RESULTS Among these 48 cases, the IHC score using the FDA-approved scoring system was 0 in four cases (8.3%), 1+ in 16 (33.3%), 2+ in 21 (43.8%), and 3+ in seven (14.6%). Therefore, 58.4% of these cases were categorized as HER-2/neu-positive, and the specificity of the HercepTest kit for HER-2/neu expression was 41.6%. However, with the use of a modified scoring system that took into account the level of staining of nonneoplastic epithelium, the specificity increased to 93.2%. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the HercepTest kit, when used in accordance with the manufacturer's guidelines and the FDA-approved scoring system, results in a large proportion of breast cancers being categorized as positive for HER-2/neu protein expression and that many of these seem to be false-positives. Consideration of the level of staining of nonneoplastic epithelium resulted in improved specificity. The current FDA-approved scoring system for HercepTest results should be reevaluated before its widespread use in clinical practice.
Collocation methods for boundary value problems on “long” intervals

This paper deals with the numerical solution of boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations posed on infinite intervals. We cut the infinite interval at a finite, large enough point and insert additional, so-called asymptotic boundary conditions at the far (right) end and then solve the resulting two-point boundary value problem by an A-stable symmetric collocation method. Problems arise, because standard theory predicts the use of many grid points as the length of the interval increases. Using the exponential decay of the 'infinite' solution, an 'asymptotic' a priori mesh-size sequence which increases exponentially, and which therefore only employs a reasonable number of meshpoints, is developed and stability, as the length of the interval tends to infinity, is shown. We also show that the condition number of the collocation equations is asymptotically proportional to the number of meshpoints employed when using this exponentially graded mesh. Using k-stage collocation at Gaussian points and requiring an accuracy 0(E-) at the knots implies that the number of meshpoints is Q(g-i/2k) as E O 0.
A 2.4 GHz High Performance CMOS Sub-Harmonic Mixer

In this paper a low power CMOS sub-harmonic mixer based on the Gilbert cell for 2.4 GHz ISM band application is presented, in which the position of the switching and transconductance stages of mixer has been exchanged. A tuning out inductor has been used between the RF and LO switching stages to improve the linearity and noise figure, and also to enhance the conversion gain of the Mixer. The utilized tuning out inductor results to higher LO voltage swing at the source terminal of RF transconductance stage transistors which provides higher conversion gain and also improves the linearity and noise performance of the mixer by tuning out the parasitic capacitances of the RF and LO stages. Simulation results performed by Advanced Design System (ADS) in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process at 1.8 V supply voltage show that the proposed mixer has exhibited high performance after a FOM-based comparison, without increasing the power consumption of 5 mw.
THE SUICIDAL PERSON

When clinicians are called to see a patient who has attempted suicide, they usually try to assess the risk of further suicidal behaviour by interviewing the patient in their search for clinical risk factors, particularly for signs of a psychiatric disorder, such as depression, substance abuse, severe personality disorder or schizophrenia. Clinical research has established that approximately 90% of suicides as well as suicide attempters are associated with psychiatric disorder (Isometsä et al, 1995, Haw et al. 2001).
Interactions of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Family with Cytosolic Adaptor and Scaffold Proteins Suggest Diverse Biological Functions in Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction*

The members of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family bind a broad spectrum of extracellular ligands. Traditionally, they had been regarded as mere cargo receptors that promote the endocytosis and lysosomal delivery of these ligands. However, recent genetic experiments in mice have revealed critical functions for two LDL receptor family members, the very low density lipoprotein receptor and the apoE receptor-2, in the transmission of extracellular signals and the activation of intracellular tyrosine kinases. This process regulates neuronal migration and is crucial for brain development. Signaling through these receptors requires the interaction of their cytoplasmic tails with the intracellular adaptor protein Disabled-1 (DAB1). Here, we identify an extended set of cytoplasmic proteins that might also participate in signal transmission by the LDL receptor gene family. Most of these novel proteins are adaptor or scaffold proteins that contain PID or PDZ domains and function in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, cell adhesion, vesicle trafficking, or neurotransmission. We show that binding of DAB1 interferes with receptor internalization suggesting a mechanism by which signaling through this class of receptors might be regulated. Taken together, these findings imply much broader physiological functions for the LDL receptor family than had previously been appreciated. They form the basis for the elucidation of the molecular pathways by which cells respond to the diversity of ligands that bind to these multifunctional receptors on the cell surface.
Feature Selection Algorithm for enhancing Modeling Efficiency

This paper presents High Probability Minimum Redundancy, HPMR, as a new algorithm for employing the most predictive features to contribute dimensionality reduction. The proposed algorithm is useful for finding new, optimal, and more informative features maintaining acceptable classification accuracy. A problem encountered in many large-scale information applications relevant to expert and intelligent systems such as pattern recognition, bioinformatics, social media content classification where data sets containing massive numbers of features. Implementing categorization on these huge, uneven, useless datasets with the overwhelming number of features is just a waste of time degrading the efficiency of classification algorithms and hence the results are not much accurate. HPMR controls the tradeoff between relevance and redundancy by selecting new feature subset that retains sufficient information to discriminate well among classes. To emphasize the significance of HPMR, it has been relied upon to develop an intelligent system for Arabic sentiment analysis on social media. Additionally, the performance of such
Deficiency of Na+/K(+)-ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in skeletal muscle and cultured muscle cells of myotonic dystrophy patients.

Since defective regulation of ion transport could initiate or contribute to the abnormal cellular function in myotonic dystrophy (MyD), Na+/K(+)-ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase were examined in skeletal muscle and cultured skeletal muscle cells of controls and MyD patients. Na+/K(+)-ATPase was investigated by measuring ouabain binding and the activities of Na+/K(+)-ATPase and K(+)-dependent 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate (3-O-MFPase). SR Ca(2+)-ATPase was analysed by e.l. i.s. a. , Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation and its activities with ATP and 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase (3-O-MFP). In MyD muscle the K(+)-dependent 3-O-MFPase activity and the activity and concentration of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase were decreased by 40%. In cultured muscle cells from MyD patients the activities as well as the concentration of both Na+/K(+)-ATPase and SR Ca(2+)-ATPase were reduced by about 30-40%. The ouabain-binding constant and the molecular activities, i.e. catalytic-centre activities with ATP or 3-O-MFP, of Na+/K(+)-ATPase and SR Ca(2+)-ATPase were similar in muscle as well as in cultured cells from both controls and MyD patients. Thus the decreased activity of both ATPases in MyD muscle is caused by a reduction in the number of their molecules. To check whether the deficiency of ATP-dependent ion pumps is a general feature of the pathology of MyD, we examined erythrocytes from the same patients. In these cells the Ca2+ uptake rate and the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity were lower than in controls, but the Ca(2+)-ATPase concentration was normal. Thus the reduced Ca(2+)-ATPase activity is caused by a decrease in the molecular activity of the ion pump. The Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity is also lower in erythrocytes of MyD patients. It is concluded that the observed alterations in ion pumps may contribute to the pathological phenomena in the muscle and other tissues in patients with MyD.
Regression test selection based on version changes of components

In component-based systems, regression test selection is a challenge since vendors of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components do not release source code. We model the regression test selection of component based software systems using UML and Object-Constraint Language. Our model selects test cases based on version information that can be made available with components without the need for accessing source code.
Cloning and Expression of Human Deoxyhypusine Synthase cDNA

Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the first step in the post-translational formation of hypusine (N-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine). cDNA clones encoding deoxyhypusine synthase were isolated from a human HeLa cell library. Full-length cDNA clones encoding a 369-amino acid protein (calculated molecular mass of 40,970 Da) and a shorter cDNA clone that would potentially encode a protein with an internal deletion of 56 amino acids (Asp-Ser) were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human enzyme shows a high degree of identity to that of yeast deoxyhypusine synthase and to the known sequences of tryptic peptides from the rat and Neurospora crassa enzymes. The recombinant enzyme formed upon expression in Escherichia coli effectively catalyzed deoxyhypusine synthesis. Variant human recombinant proteins with (i) a truncation of 48 or 97 NH-terminal amino acids, (ii) a truncation of 39 COOH-terminal amino acids, or (iii) an internal deletion (Asp-Ser) were inactive. A chimeric protein consisting of the complete human sequence and 16 amino acids of the yeast sequence (Gln-Asn, not present in the human enzyme) inserted between Glu and Gln exhibited moderate activity.
Experimental validation of a reflectarray antenna in Ka-band

A reflectarray antenna that provides a focused beam in Ka band has been designed, manufactured and tested. The antenna demonstrator has been made up using two layers of patches printed on Kapton, which are bonded to low-loss prepreg quartz materials. The effect of the manufacturing tolerance errors in the dimensions and dielectric properties of the materials have been evaluated. A good concordance is achieved between simulations and measurements after taking into account the deviation in dimensions and dielectric constant. The measured 18-cm antenna provides a gain better than 33 dB in a frequency band from 31 GHz to 34 GHz.
Molecular subtyping of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from five patients with solitary lymphocytoma.

Solitary lymphocytoma is a rare cutaneous manifestation of Lyme borreliosis that has been reported almost exclusively from Europe. This suggests that its etiologic agent may be absent or extremely rare on the North American continent. All three species of B. burgdorferi sensu lato known to be associated with human Lyme borreliosis (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii have been isolated in Europe, whereas only B. burgdorferi sensu stricto has been found in North America. This suggests that either B. garinii or B. afzelii might be the etiologic agent of borrelial lymphocytoma. To investigate this hypothesis we characterized five strains of B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from lymphocytoma lesions of patients residing in Slovenia. The methods used included: large restriction fragment pattern analysis of restriction enzyme MluI-digested genomic DNA, plasmid profiling, protein profiling, ribotyping using 5S, 16S, and 23S rDNA probes, and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer region. Molecular subtyping showed that four of the five isolates belonged to the species B. afzelii; however, this species is the predominant patient isolate in Slovenia and, therefore, may not represent a preferential association with lymphocytoma. The fifth isolate appeared to be most closely related to the DN127 genomic group of organisms. Further characterization of the isolate revealed that it possessed a unique molecular "fingerprint. " The results not only show that borrelial lymphocytoma can be caused by B. afzelii but also demonstrate an association with another genomic group of B. burgdorferi sensu lato that is present in North America as well.
The Manipulation of Temperature Coefficient Resistance of TaN Thin-Film Resistor by Supercritical CO2 Fluid

The manipulation of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) in TaN thin-film resistor (TFR) was demonstrated by electrical measurement and analysis through supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) fluid treatment for the first time. The negative TCR value of TaN TFR changes to positive TCR value through annealing process due to the growth and merge of TaNx grain. After SCCO2 treatment, the positive TCR value was changed back to negative TCR value in TaN TFR. The TaN grain boundary isolated by dehydroxyl effect of SCCO2 fluid treatment causes the current conduction mechanism changed to hopping conduction from ohmic conduction.
Towards the Application of Security Metrics at Different Stages of Information Systems

A formal approach to the measurement of security in Information Systems is essential. However little thought has been given to this aspect of Information system life cycle. The attention towards the security aspect of the system has got least attention during the development process and much focus has been given to the functionality provided by the system. As the threats in the operational environment increased the attention towards incorporating security got the attention. With such incorporation of security mechanisms, the question now is how much we secure we are and what is the level of security in the system. The answer to this question can be possible by the application of security metrics and to analyse the results. Security metrics play a vital role at every stage of Information Systems development and in operational environment. This paper focus on the applicability of security metrics at the different stages of Information Systems life cycle and identifying some metrics framework present for each level of the system.
Cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid but not its precursor trans-vaccenic acid attenuate inflammatory markers in the human colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2

Trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) is a natural trans fatty acid found in ruminant food produce. It is converted to the cis-9, trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) by the action of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in tissue. c9, t11-CLA has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects and also affects lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine if TVA is bioconverted to c9, t11-CLA in intestinal epithelial cells and to ascertain whether TVA has effects similar to c9, t11-CLA on markers of inflammation relevant to inflammatory bowel disease. The present study demonstrated that TVA treatment led to significant bioconversion into c9, t11-CLA in Caco-2 cells. Treatment with both TVA and c9, t11-CLA resulted in alteration of cellular fatty acid profile and SCD activity in the Caco-2 cell line. However, CLA, but not TVA, significantly modulated transcription of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6 and production of IL-12 by these cells. Thus the present study established that TVA treatment can alter SCD desaturation indices and induce compositional changes in the fatty acid profile of the Caco-2 cell model of the human intestinal epithelium but this is not associated with functional effects on markers of the inflammatory response.
Enhanced Survivability of Cloned Calves Derived from Roscovitine-Treated Adult Somatic Cells

Abstract Nuclear transfer to produce cattle is inefficient because 1) donor cells are not easily synchronized in the proper phase of the cell cycle, 2) the nucleus of these cells is not effectively reprogrammed, 3) the rate of attrition of late-term pregnancies is high, and 4) the health of early postnatal calves is compromised. The cyclin dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, roscovitine, was used to maximize cell cycle synchrony and to produce cells that responded more reliably to nuclear reprogramming. Roscovitine-treated adult bovine granulosa cells (82.4%) were more efficiently synchronized (P < 0.05) in the quiescent G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle than were serum-starved cells (76.7%). Although blastocyst development following nuclear transfer was elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum-starved group (21.1%) relative to the roscovitine-treated cells (11.8%), the number of cells in the blastocysts derived from roscovitine-treated cells was higher (P < 0.05) than those derived from the serum-starved group (roscovitine-treated group: 142.8 ± 6.0 cells; serum-starved group: 86.8 ± 14.5 cells). The resulting fetal and calf survival after embryo transfer was enhanced in the roscovitine-treated group (seven surviving calves from six pregnancies) compared with serum-starved controls (two calves born, one surviving beyond 60 days, from five pregnancies). Roscovitine culture can predictably synchronize the donor cell cycle and increase the nuclear reprogramming capacity of the cells, resulting in enhanced fetal and calf survival and increased cloning efficiency.
Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine is in Your Hands

search Institute, Director of Scripps Translational Science Institute, and a cardiologist. He is considered a pioneer in the area of cardiovascular medicine and a futurist. In 2013, he wrote the book The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Revolution Will Create Better Health Care, which touched on genomics and digital technology for future medicine. In this book he continued to discuss the future of medicine, focusing on how a new innovative technology can be adopted in the medical field. This book consists of three sections, readiness for a revolution, new data and information, and the impact. The first section emphasizes the influence of smartphones and the growth of genomics in medicine. The second section describes the importance of the personal geographic information system (GIS), called my GIS, individual big data including multiple layers of demographic, physiologic, anatomic, biologic, and environmental data. It touches on smartphone usage in lab tests and scanning as well as by doctors. The last section discusses the impact of new medicine, genomic medicine, and digital medicine, focusing on issues related to privacy and security due to the openness of medicine, the prediction and prevention of disease with medical informatics tools, and the transformation of the consumer’s role into the ‘doctorless’ patient. The book title The Patient Will See You Now seems to be a play on the expression “the doctor will see you now”. In this book, Topol argues that power will shift from doctors to patients, and he emphasizes the age of patient-centered medicine, in which patients generate medical data using their own digital devices and communicating via their smartphones. The author insists that the smartphones might be one of the Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine is in Your Hands
Principal Mismatch Patterns Across a Simplified Highly Renewable European Electricity Network

Due to its spatio-temporal variability, the mismatch between the weather and demand patterns challenges the design of highly renewable energy systems. A principal component analysis is applied to a simplified networked European electricity system with a high share of wind and solar power generation. It reveals a small number of important mismatch patterns, which explain most of the system’s required backup and transmission infrastructure. Whereas the first principal component is already able to reproduce most of the temporal mismatch variability for a solar dominated system, a few more principal components are needed for a wind dominated system. Due to its monopole structure the first principal component causes most of the system’s backup infrastructure. The next few principal components have a dipole structure and dominate the transmission infrastructure of the renewable electricity network.