Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifetime measurements for the 4p 2Po and 5p 3Po levels and calculation of transition probabilities in Na I

Radiative lifetimes have been measured for the 4p 2Po and 5p 2Po levels of Na I by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence. The results are in excellent agreement with theoretical lifetimes derived from oscillator strengths calculated with the SUPERSTRUCTURE atomic structure program including detailed consideration of configuration interaction effects. Transition probabilities for all transitions depopulating these levels have been determined from a combination of the two sets of results.
Novel, low-supply, differential XOR/ XNOR with rail-to-rail swing, for hamming-code generation

ABSTRACT The XOR/XNOR gates are basic building blocks for various digital systems like adders, comparators, multipliers, parity-generator/checker and encryption processor. This paper proposes two realisations each using 2-pass transistors/2-transmission gates and 2-inverters. All the proposed circuits are simulated and compared with existing circuits using Cadence Spectre on both 180 and 90 nm CMOS technology with varying supply rail (from +0.8 V to +1.8 V). The simulation results confirm that the proposed circuits achieve a full rail-to-rail swing, high performance and high noise margin at low voltages. Analytical expressions in support of simulation-results wherever required are included. A typical application in Hamming-code generation is proposed.
GROSS PRODUCT GROWTH: A MULTIPLICATIVE FACTOR MODEL

The goal of this study is to propose a differential equation which relates a scalar economic indicator to the rate of change in renewable production factors. Based on this On the basis of this equation, I endeavour to build a multiplicative factor model of gross product growth and suggest an indicator that determines stagnation level and economic advance. Below the behavior of gross product change is addressed, by means of the vector analysis.Our analysis proves that the rate of gross product change equals the dynamic divergence integral of the product of an economy's peak output and the rate of change throughout all production factors' volumes. It is found that the rate of production factors volumes' change is equal to the dynamic divergence integral of the rate of factor change throughout the whole volume of factors. On the basis of the derived integral-differential equation, the sought indicator is obtained. Adequacy of the developed indicator is demonstrated through analysis of several European economies. The resulting model is a differential free-boundary problem. Its solution allows to make predictions about the gross product growth. The indicator, proposed in the study, constitutes a new tool for analysis of economic growth.
Designing LiDAR-equipped UAV Platform for Structural Inspection

Efficient inspection and maintenance of bridges are vital for improving safety and sustainability of infrastructure systems. Recently, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanners are used for detecting surface defects. The LiDAR scanner can be mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which provides easier accessibility to most parts of the structure and can fly close to the structure. There are two types of mobile LiDAR scanners: 2D and 3D. A 2D scanner is more affordable, but it can only scan points on a plane. However, a 2D scanner can be transferred into 3D scanner by rotating the scanner using a servo motor. This paper aims to design a platform for LiDAR-equipped UAV for structural inspection using an affordable 2D scanner. First, the requirements and other design considerations are introduced. Then, the design details and the hardware and software integration steps of the LiDAR-equipped UAV platform are discussed. The initial test of the platform showed that it can provide acceptable accuracy for detecting
FARADAY ROTATION MEASURE DUE TO THE INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELD. II. THE COSMOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION

We investigate the Faraday rotation measure (RM) due to the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) through the cosmic web up to cosmological distances, using a model IGMF based on turbulence dynamo in the large-scale structure of the universe. By stacking the IGMF and gas density data up to redshift z = 5 and taking account of the redshift distribution of polarized background radio sources against which the RM is measured, we simulate the sky map of the RM. The contribution from galaxy clusters is subtracted from the map, based on several different criteria of X-ray brightness and temperature. Our findings are as follows. The distribution of RM for radio sources of different redshifts shows that the rms value increases with redshift and saturates for z ≳ 1. The saturated value is RMrms ≈ several rad m−2. The probability distribution function of |RM| follows the lognormal distribution. The power spectrum has a broad plateau over the angular scale of ∼1°–0. °1 with a peak around ∼0. °15. The second-order structure function has a flat profile in the angular separation of ≳ 0. °2. Our results could provide useful insights for surveys to explore the IGMF with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and upcoming SKA pathfinders.
Pharmacological Effects of Ethanol Extract of Artemisia Herba Alba inStreptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been treated orally with herbal remedies based on folk medicine since ancient times. The current study investigates the protective effect of Artemisia herba alba (Ah) against experimentally-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Methods: Diabetes was induced in adult male Wister rats by administration of (Streptozotocin; STZ) at a dose of 52.5 mg/kg, i.p. Animals with diabetes were treated with either Ah ethanolic extract or gliclazide (10mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. Biochemical analysis was done such as glucose, insulin, homocysteine, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride), liver function tests (T.bilirubin, AST and ALT), kidney function tests (BUN, sr. creatinine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart and aorta tissues were dissected out for pathological examination. Immuno histochemical study was done on pancreatic tissues for determination of insulin and glucagon immune reactivities. Liver tissues were also separated for genetic analysis. Results: Oral administration of Ah ethanolic extract at a concentration of 400, 200and 100 mg/kg daily for 14 days results in decreased fasting blood glucose and homocysteine levels as well as enhancement of plasma insulin level as compared with STZ-treated rats. The extract improved lipid profile, liver and kidney function tests. It also increased hepatic and renal contents of GSH, diminished lipid peroxidation, and inhibited pathological alterations induced in the different organs. Treatment with Ah extract increased insulin expression while decreased glucagon immunoreactivity and DNA band polymorphism. Conclusion: Thus, our results show that Ah possesses a promising antihyperglycemic effect that is comparable with gliclazide.
Advanced Light Field Frame Prediction For Optimized Compression

Current light field compression techniques lack robustness to handle both rate-distortion optimized motion compensation as well as latency during the encoding and decoding process. This paper focuses on a contribution approach that uses advanced prediction with affine and translational motion models and optimized view prediction structures. This method allows a significant compression performance gain over the current state of art of hierarchical temporal coding by 13.9%. The proposed method introduces an optimized encoding order that takes advantage of each group of pictures structure in order to leverage the dense perspective model of light field imagery. Both a global perspective model and a local affine model can be combined to show substantial distortion reduction at low processor costs. This contribution approach leads to an efficient and robust compression scheme for light field datasets.
Reply to Comment on ‘The most energy efficient way to charge the capacitor in a RC circuit’

The recent comment on the paper (Wang 2017 Phys. Educ. 52 065019) attempts to show that the energy loss involved in charging a RC circuit is independent of the charging rate if the loss within the current source is considered. In this reply, the transistor-based control circuit is examined in more detail to reveal the mistake made in the analysis used in the comment. This reply demonstrates that there are additional energy contributions by the control, and, consequently, the total energy loss does depend on the charging rate and the waveform used.
A quadratic piezoelectric multi-layer shell element for FE analysis of smart laminated composite plates induced by MFC actuators

Macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators developed by the NASA have been increasingly used in engineering structures due to their high actuation power, compatibility, and flexibility. In this study, an efficient two dimensional quadratic multi-layer shell element by using first order shear deformation theory (FOSDT) is developed to predict the linear strain–displacement static deformation of laminated composite plates induced by MFC actuators. FOSDT is adapted from the Reissner–Mindlin plate theory. An eight-node quadratic piezoelectric multi-layer shell element with five degrees of freedom is introduced to prevent locking effect and zero energy modes observed in nine-node degenerated shell element. Two types of MFC actuators are used: (1) MFC-d31 and (2) MFC-d33, which differ in their actuation forces. For result verification, the electro-mechanically coupled quadratic finite element (FE) model is compared with the ABAQUS results in various examples. Comparison of the results showed good agreement. The proposed quadratic FE formulation is simple and accurate, which eliminates the need for costly FE commercial software packages. It was observed that earlier studies have mostly emphasized on the effect of actuation power and MFC fiber orientations on mechanical shape deformation of smart composite plates. In this study, a more comprehensive, in-depth investigation is conducted into host structure performance such as boundary conditions, laminate stacking sequence configuration, and symmetry/asymmetry layups.
Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Zinc-Blende InxGa1−xNyAs1−y by a First-Principles Study

Electronic structure and optical properties of the zinc-blende InxGa1−xNyAs1−y system are calculated from the first-principles. Some relative simulations are performed using CA-PZ form of local density approximation in the framework of density functional theory. The supercell of intrinsic GaAs is calculated and optimized by using different methods, and the LDA-CA-PZ gives the most stable structure. The band gap of InxGa1−xAs tends to decrease with the increasing In concentration. For the case of In0.0625Ga0. 9375NyAs1−y, the band gap will show slight difference when N concentration is larger than 18.75%. The optical transition of In dopant in GaAs exhibits a red shift, while it is a blue shift for the N dopant in InGaAs. Besides, dielectric function, reflectivity, refractive index and loss function in different doping model of InxGa1−xNyAs1−y are also discussed.
A Mixture Model for Longitudinal Trajectories

An alternative method of estimating parameters in a mixture model for longitudinal trajectories using the expectation - maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed. Explicit expressions for the expectation and maximization steps required in the parameter estimation of group parameters and mixing proportions are derived. Expressions for the variances of group parameters and mixing proportions for the mixture model are also derived. Simulation results suggest that results from the proposed approach are less dependent on starting values and therefore a good alternative to the current approach which is based on the Quasi-Newton method.
The Structure of Superforms

In this thesis we examine a set of foundational questions concerning closed forms in superspace. By reformulating a number of definitions through the use of a new ring of (anti-)commuting variables and the concept of an exact Bianchi form, we demonstrate a significantly streamlined method for analyzing superforms. We also study the dimensional reduction of superforms and how the relative cohomology of the superspaces involved allows for the construction of additional closed forms not in the main complex. In particular, the entire de Rham complex of closed superforms in five-dimensional superspace with eight supercharges $(N = 1)$ is derived from the complex in the corresponding six-dimensional superspace. As a concluding effort, we work out the component formulation for the matter multiplets defined by five-dimensional $p$-form field-strengths for $p = 2, 3, 4$. The first and last of these come directly from the de Rham complex and coincide with multiplets that are already well-known, while the 3-form field-strength multiplet happens to require additional effort to find. This leads to the conclusion that, in general, the super-de Rham complex is not the result of supersymmetrizing the bosonic de Rham complex.
A Novel Compact Self-Packaged SPDT Switchable BPFs Based on SISL Platform

This paper presents a novel compact low loss switchable bandpass filter (BPF) with self-packaging by using substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) technology. The proposed self-packaged switchable BPFs are designed by using two kinds of suspended controllable resonators, which are smaller than a quarter-wavelength resonator and the commercial p-i-n diodes are used as the control elements. The designed method of suspended controllable resonator is investigated by using an equivalent circuit model. The center frequency of the proposed low loss SISL switchable BPF is designed at 1 GHz with 56% fractional bandwidth. The measurement results show that insertion loss is 0.9 dB of the turn on state. Furthermore, a high isolation SISL self-packaged switchable BPF with more compact size is proposed for comparison. Measurement results show that the isolation is higher than 40 dB and insertion loss is 1.57 dB at 1 GHz, and its core circuit size is only ${\text{0.09}}\,\lambda _{g}\times {\text{0.04}}\,\lambda _{g}$.
Simulation of Power Flows in Croatian Power System

This paper describes the basic function of power system simulation software package PowerWorld Simulator 11.0. It was used to obtain power flows in Croatian electric power system. Time step simulation options in PowerWorld were used to simulate power flows during every hour in 2005. Completely Croatian electric power system is plotted in the PowerWorld oneline diagram. Then it is entered loads for every hour during 2005. (8760 time points). All input data for transmission lines, transformers, generators and loads are obtained from the HEP group. Oneline diagram is divided into five control areas: control area 1 (Croatia), control area 2 (Hungary), control area 3 (Slovenia), control area 4 (BiH) and control area 5 (Serbia). It was accomplished two cases of power flows. First single solutions of power flows were simulated when system is at its peak load. Second case was time step simulation of power flows for every hour in 2005. Results of simulation are saved as table in *. tsb file and in the paper they are presented as charts for relevant elements of the Croatian electric power system. Consumed electric energy, peak load, losses in the simulation are comparable with those on the official web page of Croatian electric company HEP. PowerWorld oneline diagram created in this paper can be used for further research as fault analysis in Croatian power system, energy interchange etc.
Overview of the FTU results

Spontaneous increases in plasma density, up to ∼1.6 times the Greenwald value, are observed in FTU with lithized walls. These plasmas are characterized by profile peaking up to the highest obtained densities. The transport analysis of these discharges shows a 20% enhancement of the energy confinement time, with respect to the ITER97 L-mode scaling, correlated with a threshold in the peaking factor. It has been found that 0.4 MW of ECRH power, coupled at q = 2 surface, are sufficient to avoid disruptions in 0.5 MA discharges. Direct heating of magnetic islands produced by MHD modes determines current quench delay or avoidance. Supra-thermal electrons generated by 0.5 MW of lower hybrid power are sufficient to trigger precursors of the electron-fishbone instability. Evidence of spatial redistribution of fast electrons, on the ∼100 µs typical mode timescale, is shown by the fast electrons bremsstrahlung diagnostic. From the presence of new magnetic island induced accumulation points in the continuous spectrum of the shear Alfvén wave spectrum, the existence of new magnetic island induced Alfvén eigenmodes (MiAE) is suggested. Due to the frequency dependence on the magnetic island size, the feasibility of utilizing MiAE continuum effects as a novel magnetic island diagnostic is also discussed. Langmuir probes have been used on FTU to identify hypervelocity (10 km s−1), micrometre size, dust grains. The Thomson scattering diagnostic was also used to characterize the dust grains, present in the FTU vacuum chamber, following a disruption. Analysis of the broad emitted light spectrum was carried out and a model taking into account the particle vaporization is compared with the data. A new oblique ECE diagnostic has been installed and the first results, both in the presence of lower hybrid or electron cyclotron waves, are being compared with code predictions. A time-of-flight refractometer at 60 GHz, which could be a good candidate for the ITER density feedback control system, has also been tested.
An improved model function method for choosing regularization parameters in linear inverse problems

This paper proposes a new model function iterative method, that improves our earlier work (Kunisch K and Zou J 1998 Inverse Problems 14 1247–64), on finding some reasonable regularization parameters in the widely used output least squares formulations of linear inverse problems, based on the Morozov and damped Morozov principles. The new algorithm updates the model parameters in a computationally more stable manner. In addition, the method can be rigorously shown to have global convergence, in particular, its convergence is carried on strictly monotone decreasingly. This property seems especially useful and important in real applications as it enables us to start with some larger regularization parameters, and thus with more stable least squares problems. Numerical experiments for one-and two-dimensional elliptic inverse problems and an inverse integral problem are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
The modelling and design of smart structures using functionally graded materials and piezoelectrical sensor/actuator patches

Finite element formulations are derived for static and dynamic analysis and the control of functionally graded material (FGM) plates under environments subjected to a temperature gradient, using linear piezoelectricity theory and first-order shear deformation theory. The multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) system with four collocated sensors and actuators is applied to provide active feedback control of the integrated FGM plate in a closed loop system. The distributed piezoelectrical sensors monitor the structural deformation due to the direct piezoelectrical effect and the distributed actuators control the deformation via the converse piezoelectrical effect. Numerical results for the static and dynamic control have been presented for the FGM plate, which consists of zirconia and aluminum. The purpose of the examples, which consist of a FGM plate with four collocated sensors and actuators used as MIMO system, is to determine the optimum configurations of the sensor/actuator pairs under various thermal and mechanical load fields.
The geometry of hypersurfaces of quasi-Kählerian manifolds

One of the most important peculiarities of the geometry of hypersurfaces of almost Hermit- ian manifolds is the presence of an intrinsically denned almost contact metric structure on such hypersurfaces. This structure has been studied mainly in the case of hypersurfaces of Kahlerian manifolds ([1], [2]). Relatively little is known about the geometry of hypersurfaces in the case of more general almost Hermitian structures of the ambient manifold. In this paper we present some results obtained in this direction by using the structural equations of a hypersurface, written on the space of the associated G-structure. Let {M, J, g = ( , )} be a 2n-dimensional almost Hermitian manifold, where J is the operator of the almost complex structure, g is a Riemannian metric on M, J 2 = — id, and (JX, JY) = {X, Y) for Χ, Υ 6 X(M), where X(M) is the module of smooth vector fields on M. We denote by V the Riemannian connection of the metric g, by R its Riemann-Christoffel tensor, and by d the exterior differentiation operator. All the manifolds, tensor fields, and similar objects are assumed to be smooth of class C°°. We recall [3] that an almost Hermitian structure {J, g} on Μ is called a Kahlerian (3C-) structure if VJ = 0, a near Kahlerian (N0C-) structure if Vx{J)(X) = 0, an almost Kahlerian (AX-) structure if its fundamental form F(X, Y) = (X, JY) is closed, and a quasi-Kahlerian (QX-) structure if V X (J)Y + V JX (J)(JY) = 0 for Χ, Υ 6 X{M). We recall [4] that an almost contact metric (AC-) structure on a manifold TV is defined to be a system {<£,£, 77,9} of tensor fields on this manifold, where ξ is a vector field,
Characterization the influences of diodes to piezoelectric energy harvester

ABSTRACT This study discloses the diode’s influences on the piezoelectric energy harvesting performance. The piezoelectric-based energy harvesting system plays an important role in scavenging environment vibration energy into electrical energy, which can be utilized by low-power electronic devices. With respect to the interface circuit, a full-wave bridge circuit is usually needed to rectify the alternating current (AC) signal into a direct current (DC) signal. The full-wave bridge is composed of four diodes, whose characteristics may influence the harvested power significantly. Therefore, in this paper, the diodes’ properties and influences on the energy harvesting performance are analyzed and presented via simulation and experimental studies. It is found the harvested energy has close relationship with the diode characteristics. For the high source impedance case, diode with low reverse leakage current is favorable. For the low source impedance case, diode with low forward voltage drop is favorable. The corresponding experimental study is carried out via a piezoelectric beam, which shows that the measured harvested power differences can almost be up to 800% for the same test structure.