Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A characterization of the electrophysiological, morphological and input domains of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC)

Circuit interactions within the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) translate movement into a coherent code for spatial location. Entorhinal principal cells are subject to strong lateral inhibition, suggesting that a disinhibitory mechanism may drive their activation. Cortical Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) expressing inhibitory neurons predominantly contact interneurons, providing a local disinhibitory mechanism. Here, we investigate the electrophysiological and morphological properties of VIP cells using in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recordings and use rabies-mediated circuit tracing to discover long-range inputs that may modulate this population in mice. We report physiological and morphological properties of VIP cells that differ across lamina and along the dorsal-ventral MEC axis. Furthermore, we reveal long-range inputs to VIP neurons from regions known to encode proprioceptive and auditory information, including the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and superior para-olivary nuclei, respectively. These results characterize the properties of VIP cells and reveal sensory modalities that could drive disinhibition in the MEC.
Cancer morbidity trends and regional differences in England—A Bayesian analysis

Reliable modelling of the dynamics of cancer morbidity risk is important, not least due to its significant impact on healthcare and related policies. We identify morbidity trends and regional differences in England for all-cancer and type-specific incidence between 1981 and 2016. We use Bayesian modelling to estimate cancer morbidity incidence at various age, year, gender, and region levels. Our analysis shows increasing trends in most rates and marked regional variations that also appear to intensify through time in most cases. All-cancer rates have increased significantly, with the highest increase in East, North West and North East. The absolute difference between the rates in the highest- and lowest-incidence region, per 100,000 people, has widened from 39 (95% CI 33-45) to 86 (78-94) for females, and from 94 (85-104) to 116 (105-127) for males. Lung cancer incidence for females has shown the highest increase in Yorkshire and the Humber, while for males it has declined in all regions with the highest decrease in London. The gap between the highest- and lowest-incidence region for females has widened from 47 (42-51) to 94 (88-100). Temporal change in in bowel cancer risk is less manifested, with regional heterogeneity also declining. Prostate cancer incidence has increased with the highest increase in London, and the regional gap has expanded from 33 (30-36) to 76 (69-83). For breast cancer incidence the highest increase has occurred in North East, while the regional variation shows a less discernible increase. The analysis reveals that there are important regional differences in the incidence of all-type and type-specific cancers, and that most of these regional differences become more pronounced over time. A significant increase in regional variation has been demonstrated for most types of cancer examined here, except for bowel cancer where differences have narrowed.
Ingestion rate and gut clearance in the planktonic copepod Centropages hamatus in relation to food concentration and temperature

Abstract Ingestion rate, gut clearance rate and gut content were measured in the laboratory in adult females of the planktonic copepod Centropages hamatus fed the centric diatom Ditylum brightwelli. Ingestion rate increased with algal concentration approaching a maximum rate equal to 85 % body C · d−1 at 15 °C. Within the temperature interval studied (1–15 °C), maximum ingestion rate increased with temperature with a Q10 of 3.9. Gut clearance rate was estimated by following the exponential decrease in the gut content of plant pigments (measured fluoremetrically) with time after feeding, and showed approximately the same temperature dependence (Q10 = 3.3) as ingestion rate. The relationship between gut content and algal concentration was described by an equation similar to that relating ingestion rate to algal concentration. Gut content multiplied with gut clearance rate, which can be considered an estimate of ingestion rate, yielded values similar to ingestion rates actually measured. This implies that in.
More positive group memberships are associated with greater resilience in Royal Air Force (RAF) personnel.

In the current project, we examined how perceived group memberships (number, and characteristics, of), social and relational identification, and social identity leadership are associated with resilience in Royal Air Force (RAF) personnel. Based on social identity theorizing, we hypothesized positive associations between the number of groups, perceptions of their characteristics (e.g., positivity), and how they relate to each other (i.e., compatibility) and resilience (H1). We also hypothesized positive associations between both social identity leadership (H2) and resilience, and social and relational identification (H3) and resilience. Two hundred and forty-three personnel from 18 RAF bases completed an identity mapping exercise and measures of leadership, social and relational identification, and resilience. Our findings highlighted the importance of the association between positive group memberships and resilience, and social identification and resilience. Counter to our hypothesis, belonging to more groups was negatively associated with resilience, and there were non-significant relationships between three principles of social identity leadership and resilience, with embedding identity being significantly negatively associated with resilience. In support of social identity theorizing, the number of positive groups was positively associated with resilience, as was social identification. These findings indicate that, for RAF personnel, it is belonging to positive groups, both within and outside work, along with social identification, that is positively associated with resilience.
Aerobic Exercise Increases Tear Secretion and Decreases Inflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Subjects

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of tear secretion and inflammatory cytokines induced by aerobic exercise (AE) on healthy Chinese. Design: A prospective, cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 73 eyes from 43 healthy participants were included in this study, which was composed of 2 parts. Thirty individuals were included to investigate the effect of AE on tear secretion. Tear samples from extra 13 healthy subjects were collected to explore the effect of AE on tear cytokines profiles. Results: In the first section, both areas of lower tear meniscus and volume of lower tear meniscus showed significant increase at 10 minutes after AE (P < 0.01). In the second section, a total of 15 tear cytokines including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-27 were significantly lower at 20 minutes after AE than that of baseline (P < 0.01), whereas CCL/MIP-3α persisted to decrease at 60 minutes after exercise (P = 0.031). However, there was no significant difference of IL-2 concentration between baseline and any time point after exercise (P > 0.05). Conclusions: AE could promote tear secretion and decrease inflammatory cytokines in healthy subjects.
Ultrasound features predicting the 3-week outcome of Pavlik harness treatment for developmental hip dysplasia.

BACKGROUND The treatment protocol for children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is routinely adjusted by assessing the hip reduction after 3 weeks of Pavlik harness treatment. However, there is a high risk of failure and complications in the treatment adjustment. The aim of this study was to explore the value of ultrasound features in predicting the treatment outcome of Pavlik harness after 3 weeks in DDH children. METHODS A total of 215 DDH children were recruited and the demographics and the changes of ultrasound features [α and β angle and femoral head coverage (FHC)] during the Pavlik harness treatment were recorded. The children were divided into the success group and the failure group according to the reduction outcome after 3 weeks. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the independent predictors for the treatment outcome. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes of ultrasound features between the two groups during the treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the predictive accuracy of the ultrasound features. RESULTS Graf type III (P=0.036), bilateral dislocation (P=0.031), and age at diagnosis (P=0.021) were associated with an increased risk of Pavlik harness failure in the multivariate analysis. The changes in α and β angle and FHC were generally greater in the success group than in the failure group. The α angle and FHC were larger in the success group, while the β angle was larger in the failure group (P<0.05). Each ultrasound parameter (α and β angle and FHC) alone could not accurately predict the treatment outcome within 3 weeks. However, the combined ultrasonic features at the second week could accurately predict the outcome of Pavlik harness treatment after the third week. The combination of the ultrasound features at the first week and the influencing factors (Graf classification, age at diagnosis, and side of pathology) could accurately predict the outcome at the first week [area under curve (AUC) =0.931, sensitivity =82.14%, specificity =97.86%]. CONCLUSIONS The combined model of ultrasonic features at the second week could accurately predict the reduction outcome of Pavlik harness after the third week. The combined model including independent predictors and ultrasonic features could accurately predict the reduction outcome at the first week.
Number and Duration of Zoeal Stages of the Hydrothermal Vent Crab Gandalfus yunohana from Laboratory Reared Specimens

Abstract The hydrothermal vent crab Gandalfus yunohana is found along the Izu-Ogasawara Arc in the north-western Pacific at depths from 420 to 1400 m. To study the larval developmental characteristics of this vent endemic species, we collected adult crabs from a depth of 445 m in May 2005 from the Kaikata Seamount (26°42.607′N, 141°04.457′E). These individuals were maintained at atmospheric pressure and temperature (15 and 18°C) for several months, until two females spawned and released larvae. Larvae were maintained at atmospheric pressure and at five different temperatures ranging from ∼18 to 30°C and fed Artemia sp. At ∼18°C, no larvae survived until the second zoeal stage. Some larvae reached the second or third zoeal stages when reared at ∼21°C. At 24-30°C, six individuals metamorphosed into the megalopal stage following a fifth or sixth zoeal stage 34-60 d after hatching. Megalopae swam actively, but they eventually died 58-104 d after hatching and showed no signs of moulting into the juvenile crab stage. Newly hatched first stage zoeae were phototactic, and we observed relatively high temperature requirements for larval survival and development. These facts suggest that zoeae may be distributed relatively high in the water column in warmer near-surface waters during their planktotrophic development. This is the first report of successful larval rearing of any species of bythograeid crabs. Our study establishes the conditions under which the megalopae moult to the first crab stage, laying the groundwork for future experiments.
Association of endocrine active environmental compounds with body mass index and weight loss following bariatric surgery.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to study associations of a wide range of halogenated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and diphenylethers with body mass index (BMI) and evaluate changes in their concentration following bariatric surgery. METHODS Subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and liver tissue samples were collected from 106 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for weight loss or patients who were undergoing abdominal surgery for non-bariatric reasons. We measured concentrations of an extensive panel of chlorinated and brominated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans, and brominated diphenylethers in the samples. We conducted linear regression to examine associations with BMI, adjusting for age and gender. Changes in concentration for indicator chemicals were evaluated in samples collected following bariatric surgery in a small sub-population. RESULTS After adjustments for age and gender and correction for multiple testing, seven ortho-chlorinated biphenyls, one non-ortho-chlorinated biphenyl, four PCDD/F's and one ortho-brominated biphenyl were associated with BMI. The strongest associations between BMI and lipid-adjusted concentrations were seen with PCB-105 in subcutaneous fat (beta=16.838 P-val=1.45E-06) PCB-126 in visceral fat (beta=15.067 P-val=7.72E-06) and PCB-118 (beta=14.101 P-val=2.66E-05) in liver. The concentrations of sum PCBs, chlorinated toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ's) and brominated compounds increased significantly with weight loss in subcutaneous fat in a group of ten individuals resampled up to five years after bariatric surgery and substantial weight loss. CONCLUSION We show that selected polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and structurally related polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were associated with BMI. Concentrations of these lipophilic compounds in subcutaneous fat increased following bariatric surgery.
Phenology and descriptions of two sympatric native whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a high degree of niche overlap

Aleuroplatus coronata (Quaintance 1900) and A. gelatinosus (Cockerell 1898) are native, sympatric whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) that develop on live oaks, Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) in California. This study provides characters to separate them in all postembryonic stages. The phenology of these whiteflies was studied in Riverside County, California on one tree each of Quercus agrifolia Née and Q. engelmannii Greene. Their phenology was almost identical. Both species are univoltine. Adult emergence and oviposition are synchronized with the flush of new foliage in late March and April; however, egg hatch does not occur until late May or early June, and nymphal development occurs primarily after leaf maturation and hardening. Both species attain the final (fourth) nymphal instar by late summer and remain in this stage until adult emergence the following Spring. Both species were abundant on Q. agrifolia, but on the adjacent Q. engelmannii tree, only A. coronata was abundant. On Q. agrifolia, eggs of both species were laid on both the new flush and on the previous year's foliage, whereas on Q. engelmannii, oviposition was almost exclusively on the new flush. This corresponds to the longevity of the foliage; leaves of Q. agrifolia apparently survive two years, allowing development of a second generation of whiteflies, whereas leaves of Q. engelmannii last little over one year, and thus would be unsuitable for a second generation. The sympatric distribution, shared hosts and almost identical phenology give these whitefly species a very high degree of niche overlap. A. coronata usually dominates numerically over A. gelatinosus, but this varies among trees and among seasons.
Mindfulness moments for clinicians in the midst of a pandemic

Abstract Clinicians are routinely subjected to intense and stressful working environments, and the current COVID-19 crisis increases their risk of psychological distress. Mindfulness has been shown to improve life satisfaction, resilience to stress, self-compassion, compassion and general well-being in healthcare workers. Based on their clinical experience, the authors present mindfulness moments for clinicians (MMFC), a selection of short, simple and accessible mindfulness practices to promote resilience and compassion among clinicians working in this pandemic. The practices can be used on the job and are accessible to both novice and experienced meditators. Most of these practices are extracted from evidence-based mindfulness programmes. Further research is indicated to assess the effectiveness of using MMFC to support clinicians in their work and to promote resilience.
Structure prediction of surface reconstructions by deep reinforcement learning

We demonstrate how image recognition and reinforcement learning combined may be used to determine the atomistic structure of reconstructed crystalline surfaces. A deep neural network represents a reinforcement learning agent that obtains training rewards by interacting with an environment. The environment contains a quantum mechanical potential energy evaluator in the form of a density functional theory program. The agent handles the 3D atomistic structure as a series of stacked 2D images and outputs the next atom type to place and the atomic site to occupy. Agents are seen to require 1000–10 000 single point density functional theory evaluations, to learn by themselves how to build the optimal surface reconstructions of anatase TiO2(001)-(1 × 4) and rutile SnO2(110)-(4 × 1).
Buddleja caryopteridifolia (Scrophulariaceae), a species to be recognized based on morphology, floral scent and AFLP data

Buddleja caryopteridifolia was treated as a synonym of B. crispa in Flora of China . However, it was found that the two entities had different phenologies as well as morphology in the sympatric habitat investigated. Bud dleja crispa flowers from mid-March to mid-May while B. caryopteridifolia blooms from early June to mid-September. In this study, the comprehensive comparative analyses of morphological traits, floral scent composition and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data were utilized to determine whether B. caryopteridifolia should be recognized as a separate species. Among 13 morphological characters, all but calyx length were significantly different (all p<0.05, t-test) between the two species. Both cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of AFLP markers produced two distinct clusters for B. crispa and B. caryopteridifolia . The results of floral scent indicated several differences between B. crispa and B. caryopteridifolia . The main volatile compound of B. crispa was Benzaldehyde, while that of B. caryopteridifolia mostly consisted of trans-β-Ocimene. Therefore, all analyses supported the rehabilitation of B. caryopteridifolia as an independent species.
Diaphragm Atrophy During Pediatric Acute Respiratory Failure Is Associated With Prolonged Noninvasive Ventilation Requirement Following Extubation

Objectives: Diaphragm atrophy is evident during invasive ventilation for pediatric acute respiratory failure, but with unknown significance. We hypothesized that diaphragm atrophy in pediatric acute respiratory failure is associated with prolonged noninvasive positive pressure ventilation following extubation. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Single-center academic PICU. Patients: Invasively ventilated children with acute respiratory failure. Interventions: Diaphragm ultrasound was performed within 36 hours after intubation and repeated within 48 hours preceding extubation. Rapid shallow breathing index at 15 and 30 minutes of a spontaneous breathing trial and negative inspiratory force were collected in a subset of patients concurrently with the ultrasound measurements. Measurements and Main Results: Diaphragm thickness at end-expiration was measured to assess for diaphragm atrophy during mechanical ventilation. Percentage change in diaphragm thickness at end-expiration was defined as baseline diaphragm thickness at end-expiration minus final, preextubation diaphragm thickness at end-expiration divided by baseline diaphragm thickness at end-expiration. The primary outcome measure was duration of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation following extubation with prolonged use defined as noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use for greater than 24 hours postextubation. Among 56 children, 47 (median age, 15.5 mo; interquartile range, 6–53 mo) had diaphragm thickness at end-expiration measured within 48 hours prior to extubation. Fourteen (30%) had prolonged noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use with median duration 110 hours (interquartile range, 52–130 hr). The median percentage change of diaphragm thickness at end-expiration from baseline among those with and without prolonged noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use was –20% (interquartile range, –32% to –10%) versus –7% (interquartile range, –21% to 0%) (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Diaphragm atrophy is associated with prolonged postextubation noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure. Serial bedside diaphragm ultrasound may identify children at risk for prolonged noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use after extubation.
Intraspecific interactions of Holoplatys sp. indet., a New Zealand jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae)

Abstract The display repertoire of Holoplatys sp. indet. is unusually large and complex for a salticid spider. Approximately 27 major displays occur, a number comparable to the maximum repertoire sizes recorded for vertebrates and social insects. Males have 3 different mating tactics, the one used depending on the female’s maturity and location. With adult females outside nests, males use ‘type 1’ courtship; this is shown experimentally to be a form of visual communication, and includes specialised movements of the legs and palps. With adult females inside nests, males use ‘type 2’ courtship; this does not depend on vision, and includes elements such as probing and palpating on the silk while outside, and tapping and brushing the female after entering the nest. With subadult females, males first use type 2 courtship and then spin an adjacent silken chamber and cohabit. After the female moults and matures, mating occurs inside her nest. Post-mount courtship is a non-visual phase that precedes copulation an.
Isolation and Identification of Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides from Emmentaler Cheese

Four peptides, derived from the N-terminal fragment of α s1 -casein [CN (1-9), CN (1-12), CN (1-13) and CN (1-14)] were isolated from a low-molecular-weight extract of a commercial Emmentaler cheese (age: approx. 5.5 mo) by gel filtration and RP-FPLC. Capillary zone electrophoresis was used to check the purity of the peptides. Using automatic Edman degradation and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, amino acid sequence and molecular mass of the peptides were determined to identify them. The peptide α s1 -CN (1-13) was identified for the first time in Emmentaler cheese. The peptide fraction was shown not to contribute to the characteristic flavor of Emmentaler cheese. La proteolyse est une reaction importante pendant la maturation du fromage. L'objectif de cette etude est d'approfondir les connaissances sur les peptides presents dans le fromage suisse de type emmental. L'ubiquite de ces peptides dans differents types de fromages, les agents responsables de leur formation, et l'impact de ces peptides sur le gout du fromage sont discutes. Cette etude se focalise sur l'isolement et l'identification de peptides de faible masse moleculaire.