Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No . 14-083 Unemployment and Labor Reallocation in Europe

We ask whether sectoral shocks and the subsequent labor reallocation are responsible for unemployment within selected European economies. Our measure of sectoral labor reallocation is adjusted for aggregate influences and the remaining variation is linked to unemployment in country specific dynamic models. For Spain, the ADL-model estimation reveals a significant impact of sectoral reallocation on unemployment that goes beyond usual business cycle patterns. In Italy, there is weaker yet detectable evidence for this mechanism. In Ireland, Portugal and France, no significant influence of sector level shocks on unemployment is found. The results emphasize the potential structural supply side policies have for reducing unemployment in Spain. JEL-Classification: E24, J62, J64
Monitoring Golden-Cheeked Warblers on Private Lands in Texas

Abstract A majority of North American breeding habitat for neotropical migrants exists on private lands, requiring monitoring strategies focused on habitat in these private holdings. We outline study designs and protocols using repeated presence–absence surveys across a gradient of patch sizes to develop a range-wide monitoring program for the endangered golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) in Texas, USA. We surveyed 200–400 point-count locations across approximately 30 private properties annually from 2005 to 2008. We used data from our surveyed patches (n = 147) and the Ψ (occupancy), p (detection), and γ = 1 − ε parameterization to estimate patch dynamics and associated detection probabilities for golden-cheeked warblers. Patch size had a strong association with patch occupancy, and all patches >160 ha were predicted to be occupied. We found no evidence that large golden-cheeked warbler populations located on public lands in the vicinity of our study area influenced occupancy dynamics. We conducted simulations across a range of detection probabilities to evaluate potential sample sizes for both standard- and removal-based occupancy modeling. Simulations using parameter estimates from our analysis indicated that removal-based sampling is superior to standard sampling. Based on our results, surveying golden-cheeked warbler presence in oak–juniper (Quercus–Juniperus) patches under a removal modeling framework should be considered as one alternative for range-wide monitoring programs because patch-level monitoring would be necessary to estimate proportion of range occupied. Large contiguous patches are rare across the species' range; hence, conservation and management of the mosaic of smaller patches within a landscape context would be required for maintaining species viability. Thus, we recommend the identification of areas where smaller, contiguous patches represent a significant portion of the available habitat within the local landscape and targeting these areas for habitat maintenance and improvement.
Contingent Convertibles: Can the Market Handle Them?

The recent financial crisis has led to the introduction of contingent convertible instruments (CoCos) in the capital framework for banks. Although CoCos can provide benefits, such as automatic recapitalization of troubled banks, their inherent risks raise questions about whether they increase the safety of the banking system. We show that concerns about CoCos in just a single bank can result in the decline of an entire market, with investors apparently unable to distinguish safe from risky bonds. In times of market-panic, investors tend to rely on credit ratings instead of estimating the real risks of missing coupon payments. We provide several recommendations to improve the capital requirements regime for banks.
Effective action approach to the p-band Mott insulator and superfluid transition

Motivated by the recent experiment on p-orbital-band bosons in optical lattices, we study theoretically the quantum phases of Mott insulator and superfluidity in two dimensions. The system features a superfluid phase with transversely staggered orbital current at weak interaction and a Mott insulator phase with antiferro-orbital order at strong coupling and commensurate filling. We go beyond mean-field theory and derive from a microscopic model an effective action that is capable of describing both the p-band Mott insulating and superfluid phases in strong coupling. We further calculate the excitation spectra near the quantum critical point and find two gapless modes away from the tip of the Mott lobe but four gapless modes at the tip. Our effective theory reveals how the phase coherence peak builds up in the Mott regime when approaching the critical point. We also discuss the finite-temperature phase transition of p-band superfluidity.
Long-term effectiveness of Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (TVT) procedure – twelve years after surgery

Background. urinary incontinence is defined as any involuntary loss of urine. the tVt (tension-free Vaginal tape) operation is a treatment for stress urinary incontinence introduced in poland in the year 2000. there are few studies evaluating the long-term effectiveness of tVt in polish women. Objectives. to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of tVt in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Material and methods. 40 women operated on in the period 1999–2004 were recalled 12.6 ± 1.2 years after tVt for a follow-up study. 85 vs 15% of women were operated on due to primary vs recurrent stress incontinence, respectively. 20 vs 80% of the patients had mixed vs pure stress urinary incontinence, respectively. the effectiveness of tVt operations was assessed objectively on the basis of a cough test, and subjectively on improvement after treatment according to the patientsʼ answers (yes/no), pgi-i, psQ and Vas („0“ was the total absence of improvement after surgery, „100“ – total improvement). Results. the cough test was negative in 85% of cases. subjectively, 85% of women declared improvement after tVt. Based on pgi-i – 77.5% of them maintained improvement after surgery. Based on psQ – 70% of the women assessed control of urinary incontinence after surgery as better, 72.5% were satisfied with the results of the operation, and 77.5% of them would recommend tVt to other women. Based on Vas, total improvement was noted by 12.5% of women, 60% of women rated improvement “50–99”, and total lack of improvement was noted by 20% of the women. Conclusions. tVt seems to be an effective form of treatment for urinary incontinence in women 12 years after surgery.
Textile depilling: Superior finishing using cellulose-binding domains with residual enzymatic activity

Textile fabric depilling is an important industrial application of cellulases. The depilling effect and achievement of desirable touch properties are among the applications sought by users. This process, although effective, is associated with significant tensile strength loss. The depilling mechanism is still a subject of controversy. In this work, we introduce a new perspective in understanding of the depilling mechanism, specifically we consider the contribution of interfacial properties. Cellulose Binding Domains (CBDs) obtained by ultrafiltration after digestion with a protease, were used in depilling experiments. Compared with cellulose, the performance of CBDs was very positive. In fact, when using CBD with residual hydrolytic activity, it was possible to achieve superior depilling treatments.
The Antitumoral and Biochemical Effects of Gossypol on Human Cervix Cancer Cell Line ME-180

Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound extracted from cotton plants, has been found to be an anticancerogenic agent. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gossypol induced cell death on ME-180 cervix cancer cells, and whether it was a potent inhibitor of some antioxidant enzymes, like catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. The cells were incubated with four different doses (5,10,15 and 20 μM ) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After gossypol treatment, the cytotoxic effects were measured with MTT tests. Using DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, cellular internucleosomal DNA fragmentation of the cells treated with gossypol and untreated were examined. Consequently, gossypol caused different fragmentation on tumour cells due to apoptosis. Gossypol was found to be a potent inhibitor of catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase.
Progressively excluding mammals of different body size affects community and trait structure of ground beetles

tall-grass vegetation. All these responses were related to aboveground plant biomass, but not to plant Shannon diversity or vegetation structural heterogeneity. Our results indicate that changes in aboveground plant biomass are key drivers of mammalian grazers’ influence on carabids, suggesting that bottom–up forces are important in subalpine grassland systems. The exclusion of ungulates provoked the strongest carabid response. Our results, however, also highlight the ecological significance of smaller herbivorous mammals. Our study furthermore shows that mammalian grazing not only altered carabid community composition, but also caused community-wide functional trait shifts, which could potentially have a wider impact on species interactions and ecosystem functioning.
ORDOÑEZITE FROM THE THEODOSO SOTO MINE, SAPIORIS, DURANGO, MEXICO: NEW DATA AND STRUCTURE REFINEMENT

A new occurrence of the rare mineral species ordonezite has been found at the Theodoso Soto tin mine, near Sapioris, Durango, Mexico. The average composition of the samples is (Zn 0.98 Fe 0.02 ) ∑1.00 Sb 2.00 O 6 ; the core of the crystals is slightly richer in Fe than the rim. The mineral is uniaxial (+), with all n greater than 2.30 ( n calc is 2.38 at 589 nm); D obs 6.66 g/cm 3 , D calc 6.67 g/cm 3 . It is isostructural with ferrotapiolite, with a 4.668(2), c 9.269(6) A (from powder-diffraction data), space group P 4 2 / mnm , and is twinned on {103}. Its crystal structure, refined to R = 4.1, wR = 4.3% using 163 observed reflections, is fully cation-ordered.
Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts

Morgan [1,2] suggested that continental flood basalts appear as the first volcanic expression of new mantle plumes. Experimental studies in viscous liquids have shown that new, or "start ing", plumes should consist of a large bulbous head followed by a narrow feeder conduit. Analysis of the plume flow [3] indicates that, if the p lume ascent is driven by thermal buoyancy, the head will entrain the surrounding mantle as it rises. The head cools and enlarges, and develops a compositional zonation of source and entrained mantle. Uncontaminated, relatively hot material from the plume source continues to flow up the trailing conduit making the temperature of the plume axis greater than that of the remainder of the head. We explore the implications of this plume structure by comparing the physical and chemical characteristics of two flood basalt provinces (the Deccan and Karoo) with predictions of the dynamical model. The chronology, tectonics and geochemistry of the two provinces all fit well with the starting plume hypothesis. We attribute the sudden onset and short duration of continental flood volcanism, over an equant area 2000-2500 km across, to melting the plume head and its subsequent decline to a narrow chain of volcanic activity, 200 km wide, to melting in the plume tail. A surface uplift of 500-1000 m is predicted but this gives way to subsidence due to lateral spreading of the plume head before the onset of the main period of volcanism. A period of enhanced subsidence is then predicted to occur as magma escapes from the mantle and loads the earth's surface, followed by slow subsidence over 109 years as the plume's thermal anomaly gradually decays. The t iming and duration of volcanism has not been predicted with certainty, but activity is expected to begin as a burst and to die away rapidly over a total time of order 20 Ma, in agreement with dating which indicates that the bulk of the magmas in each province were ejected within 2 -3 Ma and followed by smaller volumes over a further 5 -10 Ma. The model predicts that the high-temperature picritic melts associated with continental flood basalts are derived from hot, relatively uncontaminated plume-source mantle at the plume axis and that the more voluminous tholeiitic basalts are produced by melting of cooler hybrid mantle in the plume head. This explains for why the picrites of the Karoo and Deccan are strongly enriched in highly incompatible elements, consistent with melting of an OIB-type source, whereas the associated basalts are weakly enriched in incompatible elements, consistent with derivation from a mixed OIB-lower-mant le
Biochemical and Morphological Characteristics in Maturing Achenes from Purple-Hulled and Oilseed Sunflower Cultivars

The blackbird feeding preference for sunflower oilseed variety Jacques Discovery (JD) over purple-hulled Neagra de Cluj (NdC) has been attributed to anthocyanin. To test this hypothesis, we compared biochemical and morphological properties in the achene over the maturation period. Comparisons included total phenols, anthocyanin, tannin, fat/oil, protein, nonstructural sugars, and phytomelanin contents, as well as mass properties and moisture content
The thermal dust emission in N158–N159–N160 (LMC) star-forming complex mapped by Spitzer, Herschel and LABOCA

We present a study of the infrared/submm emission of the LMC star forming complex N158-N159-N160. Combining observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope (3.6-70um), the Herschel Space Observatory (100-500um) and LABOCA (870um) allows us to work at the best angular resolution available now for an extragalactic source. We observe a remarkably good correlation between SPIRE and LABOCA emission and resolve the low surface brightnesses emission. We use the Spitzer and Herschel data to perform a resolved Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) modelling of the complex. Using MBB, we derive a global emissivity index beta_c of 1.47. If beta cold is fixed to 1.5, we find an average temperature of 27K. We also apply the Galliano et al. (2011) modelling technique (and amorphous carbon to model carbon dust) to derive maps of the star formation rate, the mean starlight intensity, the fraction of PAHs or the dust mass surface density of the region. We observe that the PAH fraction strongly decreases in the HII regions. This decrease coincides with peaks in the mean radiation field intensity map. The dust surface densities follow the FIR distribution, with a total dust mass of 2.1x10^4 Msolar (2.8 times less than when using graphite grains) in the resolved elements we model. We find a non-negligible amount of dust in the molecular cloud N159 South (showing no massive SF). We also investigate the drivers of the Herschel/PACS and SPIRE submm colours as well as the variations in the gas-to-dust mass ratio (G/D) and the XCO conversion factor in the region N159. We finally model individual regions to analyse variations in the SED shape across the complex and the 870um emission in more details. No measurable submm excess emission at 870um seems to be detected in these regions.
Refit to numerically problematic UMIST reaction rate coefficients

Aims. Chemical databases such as the UMIST Database for Astrochemistry (UDFA) are indispensable in the numerical modeling of astrochemical networks. Several of the listed reactions in the UDFA have properties that are problematic in numerical computations: some are parametrized in a way that leads to extremely divergent behavior for low kinetic temperatures. Other reactions possess multiple entries that are each valid in a different temperature regime, but have no smooth transition when switching from one to another. Numerically, this introduces many difficulties. We present corrected parametrizations for these sets of reactions in the UDFA06 database. Methods. From the tabulated parametrization in UDFA, we created artificial data points and used a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to find a set of improved fit parameters without divergent behavior for low temperatures. For reactions with multiple entries in the database that each possess a different temperature regime, we present one joint parametrization that is designed to be valid over the whole cumulative temperature range of all individual reactions. Results. We show that it is possible to parametrize numerically problematic reactions from UDFA in a form that avoids low temperature divergence. Additionally, we demonstrate that it is possible to give a collective parametrization for reaction rate coefficients of reactions with multiple entries in UDFA. We present these new fitted values in tabulated form.
Effects of ethical context and Machiavellianism on attitudes toward earnings management in China

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Chinese industry accountants' perceptions of the ethical context in their organization and Machiavellianism on attitudes toward earnings management. Design/methodology/approach - The research is based on a survey of professional accountants employed by companies in Mainland China. Findings - The results indicate that perceptions of a strong organizational emphasis on serving the public interest (benevolent/cosmopolitan climate) significantly reduced professional accountants' willingness to condone accounting earnings management. Professionally certified accountants also judged accounting earnings management more harshly. Consistent with our expectations, high Machiavellians judged earnings management more leniently, although this effect was only marginally significant in the case of accounting earnings management. In contrast to prior studies of earnings management in the USA, the participants judged accounting earnings management more leniently, but judged operating earnings management more harshly. Originality/value - This is the first study to document that an organizational emphasis on serving the public interest can restrain aggressive behavior among industry accountants. Claims of serving the public interest in accounting have traditionally focused on the role of the independent auditor in protecting the public from misleading financial reporting. The results indicate that appeals to public interest obligations also have resonance for professional accountants in industry. The fact that certified accountants were less tolerant of accounting earnings management also has important implications, demonstrating the practical value of professional certification programs and their associated training and socialization processes. The contrast observed between the ethical judgments of our Chinese participants and US accountants surveyed in previous studies raises important questions for further research.
New Therapies for Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is the second most common inflammatory arthritis and is one of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Although cohorts of PsA patients show less radiographic damage than rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with comparable disease durations, PsA has a similar impact on quality of life for these patients. Observational studies in PsA have shown that peripheral joint disease activity is a key predictor of future joint damage, and this has led to an increasing emphasis on treatment of PsA. Traditionally, treatment has relied on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine, despite the lack of good-quality evidence of their efficacy. More recently, the treatment of resistant peripheral PsA has been revolutionised by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking therapies. TNF is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, and research in PsA has confirmed high levels of TNF in both psoriatic plaques in the skin and synovial fluid taken from active arthritic joints. This early research provided a rationale for its use in the treatment of PsA, and clinical trials with this class of drugs have shown excellent clinical benefit. Currently, there are three TNF blockers available in routine clinical practice (etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab), and the evidence from trials of these drugs as well as registry data of their clinical use is discussed in this article. New agents targeting TNF and other key inflammatory mediators are being trialled in psoriasis and PsA, and are also summarised.
A Review of Requirement Prioritization Techniques in Agile Software Development

Prioritization is a crucial process in Requirement Change Management (RCM), as erroneous requirements prioritisation may increase the cost of development and lead to project failures. In Agile Software Development (ASD), requirement prioritization (RP) is difficult to maintain and requires more formal process.Changes in the priority list leads towards rework. Moreover, requirement prioritization in Agile is a difficult task due to its volatile nature. Ignorance of critical requirements during prioritization will result in numerous problems like poor quality of product and unsatisfied client. This paper presents a comprehensive review of RP by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of existing RP techniques.This paper also provides information related to the current state-of-the-art on techniques and practices of RP and the research gaps in related works. These findings will contribute as inputs to construct a framework for selecting suitable RP techniques in ASD which can help software practitioners in choosing suitable prioritization techniques for handling continuous requirement change in ASD.
A Marked Point Process Approach to Censored Failure Data with Complicated Covariates

Complicated failure time data which can involve, e.g., random covariates, censored observations and multiple failures, is here considered as a sample path of a marked point process (MPP). Our main task is to derive likelihood expressions for parametric statistical models under such general circumstances. To do this, and motivated by concrete examples, we split each marked point into two characteristic parts, called innovation and non-innovation, and then characterize this representation in terms of the statistical model. Technically the paper is based on the martingale approach to point processes.
Has the World Trade Organization Promoted Successful Regional Trade Agreements

This study uses econometric gravity equations to test whether the WTO has promoted successful regional trade agreements (RTA). Two important findings emerge. First, we find that two countries that are members of the GATT/WTO and enter into a regional trade agreement stimulate trade. However, the effect on trade is not nearly as large as that between two RTA members that belong to the GATT/WTO. Contrary to the findings in Rose (2004), this result tends to support the fact that the GATT/WTO has liberalized multilateral trade, outside of RTAs. In other words, the effect of an RTA on countries’ trade who are not party to the GATT/WTO should generate a large RTA trade response due to relatively large pre-existing trade distortions. Second, we show that the GATT/WTO has not promoted successful RTAs using explicit RTA variables that controls for the notification status (to the GATT/WTO) of an RTA. Interestingly, non-notified RTAs trade significantly more than their notified counterparts.