Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generating effective project scheduling heuristics by abstraction and reconstitution

A project scheduling problem consists of a finite set of jobs, each with fixed integer duration, requiring one or more resources such as personnel or equipment, and each subject to a set of precedence relations, which specify allowable job orderings, and a set of mutual exclusion relations, which specify jobs that cannot overlap. No job can be interrupted once started. The objective is to minimize project duration. This objective arises in nearly every large construction project--from software to hardware to buildings. Because such project scheduling problems are NPhard, they are typically solved by branch-and-bound algorithms. In these algorithms lower-bound duration estimates (admissible heuristics) are used to improve efficiency. One way to obtain an admissible heuristic is to remove (abstract) all resource and mutual exclusion constraints and then obtain the minimal project duration for the abstracted problem; this minimal duration is the admissible heuristic. Although such abstracted problems can be solved efficiently, they yield inaccurate admissible heuristics precisely because those constraints that are central to solving the original problem are abstracted. This paper describes a method to reconstitute the abstracted constraints back into the solution to the abstracted problem while maintaining efficiency, thereby generating better admissible heuristics. Our results suggest that reconstitution can make good admissible heuristics even better.
A PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF MEASURES OF AFFECTIVE WELL-BEING IN AN INSURANCE COMPANY

The objectives of this study were to validate two measures of affective well-being, namely the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for employees in an insurance company, to assess their construct equivalence for different language groups and to determine the relationship between burnout and work engagement. A cross-sectional survey design with an availability sample (N = 613) was used. The MBI, UWES and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Structural equation modelling confirmed a three-factor model of burnout, consisting of Exhaustion, Cynicism and Professional Efficacy and a three-factor model of work engagement consisting of Vigour, Dedication and Absorption. Acceptable construct equivalence of the three-factor model of burnout and work engagement for different language groups was confirmed. A second-order factor analysis of the scales resulted in two factors, namely burnout and work engagement.
Genetic variability for morphology, growth and forage yield among perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L)

Variabilite genetique pour la morphologie, la croissance et le rendement en matiere seche chez la luzerne perenne diploide et tetraploide (Medicago sativa L). La grande diversite du complexe Medicago sativa est bien connue, mais des donnees comparatives de differentes populations representant les sous-especes sativa et falcata manquent. Les caracteristiques morphologiques et agronomiques de 25 populations ou varietes de luzerne appartenant au complexe M sativa ont ete etudiees a Lusignan (France) en 1993 et 1994. Les populations et varietes cultivees de la sous-espece sativa se distinguent nettement des populations sauvages des 2 sous-especes sativa et falcata par leur port dresse, leur repousse rapide apres une coupe, leur hauteur elevee et leur fort rendement. Parmi les populations cultivees, celles originaires du nord de la France ont une resistance a l'hiver superieure aux mediterraneennes, ainsi qu'un meilleur rendement. Par leurs caracteres de resistance a l'hiver et leurs fleurs bigarrees, ces populations sativa francaises montrent qu'elles ont integre certains caracteres provenant de la ssp falcata. Le groupe des populations sauvages comprend a la fois des populations diploides et tetraploides, falcata ou sativa. Pour les caracteres analyses, seule la couleur des fleurs permet de distinguer les populations sauvages sativa d'Espagne (Mielga) a fleurs violettes des populations falcata a fleurs jaunes. La convergence de forme de ces 2 sous-especes pourrait representer une strategie de tolerance au pâturage.
Continuous flow nanocatalysis: reaction pathways in the conversion of levulinic acid to valuable chemicals

The selective production of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran from levulinic acid has been effectively conducted using designed Cu based catalysts and compared with a commercial Pd/C system under microwave irradiation. Optimised conditions for the most active catalysts Cu-MINT (>90% conversion, 75% selectivity to MTHF) and Pd/C (78% conversion, 92% selectivity to MTHF) were further translated into a continuous flow process using the proposed catalysts to find out the deactivation of Cu-MINT under flow conditions (79 vs. 13% conversion with a switch in selectivity to products after 30 min in flow), the high stability of Pd/C (73 vs. 70% conversion at stable selectivity under analogous conditions to those of Cu-MINT) but, most importantly, different relevant pathways to valuable products from levulinic acid depending on the type of catalyst employed.
A novel dark matter mechanism to produce X-ray lines with unique morphology and spectrum

The aim of this thesis is to propose a novel class of dark matter candidates. We introduce a dark sector comprised of two states: one lighter stable particle that accounts for the observed abundance of dark matter and one heavier unstable partner with a small relative mass splitting. Inelastic processes with the interstellar plasma (e.g. electrons or protons) happening today can up-scatter the stable dark matter state into the heavier partner, which suddenly decays back to the lighter state by emitting a quasi-monochromatic photon. In order to have an appreciable rate, the splitting between the two states should be of the order of the energy of the free electrons in the plasma, so the emitted photon should have an energy near the keV, that is in the X-ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Photon lines produced through this mechanism have many peculiar features: the lines can only be produced from regions where the plasma is present and rates can be signi cant only in environments hot enough to be able to excite the lighter state. Interestingly, these are precisely the features of the tentative 3.5 keV line from galaxy clusters detected in 2014. Another peculiar feature is that the width of the line, caused by the Doppler e ect, should contain information about not only the velocities of the dark matter particles but also of the ones in the plasma. Thus a measurement of the width would provide a way to discriminate spectral lines of such model from others with di erent origins. Experimental tests scheduled in the near future will probe this scenario.
Asset Pricing without Garbage

This paper provides an explanation why garbage as a measure of consumption implies a several times lower coefficient of relative risk aversion in the consumption-based asset pricing model than consumption based on the official National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA): Unlike garbage, NIPA consumption is filtered to mitigate measurement error. I apply a structural model of the filtering process, which allows to revoke the filter inherent in NIPA consumption. Unfiltered NIPA consumption performs as well as garbage in explaining the equity premium and risk-free rate puzzle. Furthermore, I find that two other popular NIPA-based measures, three-year and fourth-quarter NIPA consumption, are related to unfiltered NIPA consumption. Both can be viewed as ad hoc unfilter rules.
Evaluation of Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption A Schemes

Homomorphic encryption allows one to outsource expensive computation to an untrusted party while keeping data in an encrypted form. While there has been a growing research focus in fully homomorphic encryption schemes, many real-world applications require a scheme to be only "somewhat" homomorphic. Somewhat homomorphic encryption (SWHE) schemes, which support a limited number of homomorphic operations before encountering a decryption failure, are much more efficient than their fully homomorphic counterparts. In this thesis, I present the empirical evaluation of two SWHE scheme prototypes built for IARPA's Security and Privacy Assurance Research (SPAR) program. The evaluation captures the exact performance costs of key generation, encryption, homomorphic evaluation, and decryption of each system using boolean circuits and inputs. In addition, I present the performance overhead of each system compared to a representative baseline, which evaluates the same set of circuits using unencrypted inputs. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Mayank Varia Title: Technical Staff, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Ronald L. Rivest Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT
An Introduction to Semidefinite Programming and its Applications to Approximation Algorithms

Known examples for problems which can be treated in this way include the Knapsack problem. Given n objects with size cj and value tj , we want to ll a knapsack such that its value is maximized. This is an NP-hard problem, but if we are allowed to take fractional parts of the objects, then we can solve the problem in polynomial time, using a greedy algorithm. The greedy solution provides us with an upper bound for the original Knapsack problem.
A Thermophoretic Precipitator for the Representative Collection of Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles for Microscopic Analysis

In this article, the potential of a thermophoretic sampling device to derive quantitative particle size distributions and number concentrations of aerosols based on microscopic single particle analysis is explored. For that purpose a plate-to-plate thermophoretic precipitator to collect ultrafine atmospheric particles for TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis has been calibrated and characterized. The representativeness of the samples has been verified in a series of experiments. Results show that, for particles with diameters of 15 nm to 300 nm, the precipitator's collection efficiency is independent of size, shape, and composition of the particles. Hence, its samples accurately represent the original aerosol. A numerical model of thermophoretic deposition within the device has been developed and tailored to the specifications of the precipitator. The model has been used to derive the particle number density and size distribution of several calibration aerosols using the TEM analysis of the samples taken with the thermophoretic precipitator as input parameters. The results agree very well with the on-line measurements of the calibration aerosols. This work demonstrates that our thermophoretic sampling device can be used to derive quantitative particle size distributions and number concentrations of ultrafine particles based on microscopic single particle analysis.
Dust properties of the cometary globule Barnard 207 (LDN 1489)

Barnard 207 (B207, LDN 1489, LBN 777), also known as the Vulture Head nebula, is a cometary globule in the Taurus-Auriga-Perseus molecular cloud region. B207 is known to host a Class I protostar, IRAS 04016+2610, located at a projected distance of ~8,400 au from the dense core centre. Using imaging and photometry over a wide wavelength range, from UV to sub-mm, we study the physical properties of B207 and the dust grains contained within. The core density, temperature, and mass are typical of other globules found in the Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). The increase in the dust albedo with increasing optical wavelengths, along with the detection of coreshine in the near infrared, indicates the presence of larger dust grains in B207. The measured optical, near-, mid- and far-infrared intensities are in agreement with the CMM+AMM and CMM+AMMI dust grain type of The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids (THEMIS), suggesting mantle formation on the dust grains throughout the globule. We investigate the possibility of turbulence being responsible for diffusing dust grains from the central core to external outer layers of B207. However, in situ formation of large dust grains cannot be excluded.
Sensory processing disorders – diagnostic and therapeutic controversies

This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding the controversial issue of sensory integration dysfunc-tion/sensory processing disorder. Symptoms are defined as impairments in the accurate reception and registering of stimuli, differentiation of stimulus intensity, and adequate reactivity to stimulation. They can be of specific character and occur in isolation and can also be a nonspecific element of a clinical picture of another disease entity. Psychophysiological and neuroimaging studies confirm the existence of both a distinct group of children with symptoms of sensory processing disorder diagnosed based on descriptions of behaviours listed in questionnaires and of a specific neurobi-ological basis of this disorder. In clinical practice, it is of key importance to determine whether behavioural problems observed in children are caused by disorders other than sensory processing disorders. Results of meta-analyses regarding sensory integration therapy are inconclusive and do not allow this form of treatment to be considered fact-based. Future studies with high methodological standards are necessary in order to verify the effectiveness of different forms of sensory integration therapy. Parents should be informed about the existing limitations.
Tax Evasion and Avoidance

Criminal Law and Economics applies economic theory to explain crime, law enforcement, criminal law and criminal procedure. This pathbreaking book draws together sixteen chapters by leading scholars in the field, summarizing theoretical and empirical work researched to date on criminal law and economics. The topics range from private and public enforcement of the law, criminal procedure and regulation to terrorism, cyber crime and tax evasion. The expert contributors also cover the political economy of criminal law as well as behavioral criminal law and economics.
On the stability of the cosmological solutions in f(R, G) gravity

Modified gravity is one of the most promising candidates for explaining the current accelerating expansion of the Universe, and even its unification with the inflationary epoch. Nevertheless, the wide range of models capable of explaining the phenomena of dark energy imposes that current research focuses on a more precise study of the possible effects of modified gravity on both cosmological and local levels. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of a type of modified gravity, the so-called f(R, G) gravity, and we perform a deep analysis on the stability of important cosmological solutions. This not only can help to constrain the form of the gravitational action, but also facilitate a better understanding of the behavior of the perturbations in this class of higher order theories of gravity, which will lead to a more precise analysis of the full spectrum of cosmological perturbations in future.
A simple lication ' to 20 Biomarkers as Endpoints in InterYention Studies

The methods of molecular epidemiology can be applied in proving the efficacy of preventing hazard exposure, or intervening in the development or progression of a disease. A public health intervention would involve reducing exposure to a potentially hazardous material, often through identifying points of unintentional exposure through occupational monitoring of the environment or personnel. Where such exposures have occurred, chemoprevention approaches may provide an intervention with chemical agents, including minor dietary constituents and/or pharmaceuticals, to halt or slow the disease process. It is essential to prove the efficacy of either type of intervention. The most desirable intervention study design is a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical rial that directly measures protection against the disease of interest. The definitive proof that any dietary or pharmaceutical intervention prevents disease and/or enhances some physiological process is provided by feeding or administering the test substance at a given level for sufficient time to enable the disease process to occur in the absence ofthe substance. In practice, however, such a model is almost impossible to attain in most intervention studies, in part because of the length of time that most diseases take to develop. For example, cancer is known to show a 2O-30 year lag betrveen disease initiation and development, and the possibility of attaining compliance in a dietary or pharmaceutical nial over such a long period is completely unrealistic. Phase Itr trials, with cancer reduction as the endpoint, require tens of thousands of subjects, followed-up for times of 5 years or more (Kelloff et al. 1992). For this reason, the Chemoprevention Branch of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have focused a significant part of their efforts on finding surrogate endpoints (biomarkers) with high reliability and predictive value for cancer. TheNCI and otherUS agencies convened aworkshop on 'Biomarkers as indicators of cancer risk reduction following dietary manipulation' (Kavanaugh et al. 2006; Prentice 2006; Schatzkin 2006; Ferguson et al. 2006) that summarizes current views on many of the issues associated with using biomarkers as endpoints of intervention studies. A biomarker has been defined as 'a measurable, biological parameter that predicts the risk of human disease, disorders or conditions, but is not a measure of the disease, disorder or condition itself' (Rothman et al. 1995), i.e. biomarkers serve as early indicators of disease in asymptomatic people. They have been used to assess exposure to potential environmental hazards, to gain insight into disease mechanisms and to understand acquired or inherited susceptibility. Thus, biomarkers cover the whole spectrum from hazard exposure to disease pathogenesis. Their successful application to intervention studies requires an understanding of disease natural
Home 2019 Team Description Paper

This paper provides an overview of the CATIE Robotics Team’s activities for participating at the RoboCup@Home 2019 in Syndey. During the first year, the main objective is to build a solid base for years to come of service robotics developments. TIAGo, an off-theshelf robotic platform was acquired. Safe and autonomous navigation is achieved by integrating ROS compatible components. Snips, an offline, free tool is used for both speech recognition and Natural Language Understanding. Siamese neural networks are used for face recognition and person tracking. Promising results are obtained. Our robot is able to navigate safely and avoid common obstacles. It is also able to answer limited questions. Offline we have reproduced state of the art performance for face detection and recognition. We also tested state of the art libraries for body pose estimation and object segmentation. Integration of these technologies is an ongoing task on TIAGo. An approach towards object manipulation is discussed.
Predicting Management Effects on Ammonia Emissions from Dairy and Beef Farms

Relationships were developed to predict ammonia (NH3) nitrogen losses from cattle manure in animal housing, during manure storage, following field application, and during grazing. Ammonia loss in each phase was predicted using a mechanistic model for NH3 volatilized from the surface of an aqueous solution of ammonium where the NH3 is transported to the free atmosphere through a pathway with finite resistance. Ammonia emission rate was a function of the ammoniacal N content in the manure, ambient temperature, manure pH, manure moisture content, and the exposed manure surface area. Model relationships were calibrated by selecting values for the resistance to NH3 transport for the various loss pathways, which predicted daily and annual emissions similar to those reported in published studies. In further evaluation, these calibrated relationships predicted average annual losses similar to those documented in previous work over a range in climate locations. These relationships were integrated into a whole-farm simulation model to provide a tool for evaluating and comparing long-term nitrogen losses along with other performance, environmental, and economic aspects of farm production. Whole-farm simulations illustrated that the use of a free stall barn, bottom-loaded slurry storage, and direct injection of manure into the soil reduced NH3 emissions by 33% to 50% compared to other commonly used dairy housing and manure handling systems in the northeastern U.S. The improvement in nitrogen utilization more than offset the increased cost in manure handling, providing a small increase in farm profit. The farm model provides a research and teaching tool for evaluating and comparing the economic and environmental sustainability of dairy and beef production systems.
Targeting Cell Metabolism in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (cll); Aviable Therapeutic Approach?

Targeting cell metabolism is a therapeutic approach which has been used for the treatment of cancers with high levels of proliferation. Inhibition of metabolic processes in cancer cells has shown synergy with current therapeutic options to reduce refractory disease and relapse. In contrast, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a disease where expansion of the malignant clone results from a combination of enhanced cell survival coupled with low level proliferation. The purpose of this article is to highlight how further research is needed to determine whether targeting cell metabolism may be a viable therapeutic strategy in this disease. We discuss how lymphocyte doubling time (LDT) remains a robust prognostic indicator used in the current clinical management of CLL, and how recognition of CLL as a proliferative disease has led to a greater understanding of the importance of energy-generating processes in its pathobiology. We summarize what is currently known about normal B cell metabolism and consider whether there is evidence of the Warburg effect in CLL cells. Finally, we speculate on how CLL cells may exploit protective mechanisms such as autophagy during times of metabolic stress and how they might influence or be influenced by metabolic characteristics of the microenvironment. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-13-346 Corresponding author: Chloe E. Clapham Haematology; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; 2nd Floor Duncan Building; Daulby Street; Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 3GA; Email: chloe.clapham@liverpool.ac. uk Phone: 0151 706 4150; Fax: 0151 706 4311 Running title: TARGETING METABOLISM IN CLL