Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEW TRIGONOMETRIC BASIS POSSESSING EXPONENTIAL SHAPE PARAMETERS

Four new trigonometric Bernstein-like basis functions with two exponential shape pa- rameters are constructed, based on which a class of trigonometric Bezier-like curves, anal- ogous to the cubic Bezier curves, is proposed. The corner cutting algorithm for computing the trigonometric Bezier-like curves is given. Any arc of an ellipse or a parabola can be represented exactly by using the trigonometric Bezier-like curves. The corresponding trigonometric Bernstein-like operator is presented and the spectral analysis shows that the trigonometric Bezier-like curves are closer to the given control polygon than the cu- bic Bezier curves. Based on the new proposed trigonometric Bernstein-like basis, a new class of trigonometric B-spline-like basis functions with two local exponential shape pa- rameters is constructed. The totally positive property of the trigonometric B-spline-like basis is proved. For different values of the shape parameters, the associated trigonometric B-spline-like curves can be C 2 \ FC 3 continuous for a non-uniform knot vector, and C 3 or C 5 continuous for a uniform knot vector. A new class of trigonometric Bezier-like basis functions over triangular domain is also constructed. A de Casteljau-type algorithm for computing the associated trigonometric Bezier-like patch is developed. The conditions for G 1 continuous joining two trigonometric Bezier-like patches over triangular domain are deduced.
Perfectionism, the impostor phenomenon and psychological adjustment in medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students

Extensive attention has been paid over the past three decades to the stressors involved in training in the health professions. Although empirical studies have identified demographic subgroups of students most likely to become distressed during training, less research has been carried out to evaluate the impact of students' personality characteristics on their adjustment. Severe perfectionism is one such personality trait that has been shown to increase the risk for anxiety and depressive disorders in other populations. Another set of personality traits linked to increased psychological problems has been labelled the `impostor phenomenon', which occurs when high achieving individuals chronically question their abilities and fear that others will discover them to be intellectual frauds. Both perfectionism and the impostor phenomenon would seem to be pertinent factors in the adjustment of health professional students; however, these character traits have not been empirically examined in this population. In the present study psychological distress, perfectionism and impostor feelings were assessed in 477 medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students. Consistent with previous reports, the results showed that a higher than expected percentage of students (27·5%) were currently experiencing psychiatric levels of distress. Strong associations were found between current psychological distress, perfectionism and impostor feelings within each programme and these character traits were stronger predictors of psychological adjustment than most of the demographic variables associated previously with distress in health professional students. Implications for future research, limitations of this study and clinical recommendations are discussed.
Danshen-Honghua Ameliorates Stress-Induced Menopausal Depression in Rats

Objective Previously, we have shown that Danshen-Honghua (DSHH) for cognitive deficits after ischemia induced impairments of the hippocampus. Here, we investigate the effects of DSHH on stress-induced depression in menopausal rats. Methods A rat model with menopausal depression was established with bilateral ovariectomies in female SD rats followed by chronic mild stress treatment for 21 days. 40 rats were randomly divided into the sham surgery group (sham surgery and no stress treatment), surgery group (surgery with no stress treatment), surgery/stress group (surgery and stress treatment), fluoxetine group (2.4 mg·kg−1, with surgery and stress treatment), and DSHH group (35 g·kg−1, with surgery and stress treatment). The rats in the last two groups were treated with stresses together with intragastric drug administration for three weeks after the surgery. Then open-field locomotor scores and sucrose intake were tested for behavior changes. Also, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and cortisone were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results The results of open-field locomotor scores, sucrose intake in both the fluoxetine group and DSHH group, were significantly higher than those of the surgery/stress group (P < 0.01). Serum LH, FSH, and cortisone levels in both the DSHH group and fluoxetine group were significantly lower than those in the surgery/stress group (P < 0.01). Serum E2 levels in these groups were slightly increased in these medicine groups (P < 0.01). The monoamine levels in the DSHH group were much higher than those in the surgery/stress group (P < 0.01). Conclusion DSHH can ameliorate stress-induced depressed syndromes in the surgery/stressed rats via regulating LH and FSH levels as well as monoamine levels.
The Effects of Factorizing Root and Pattern Mapping in Bidirectional Tunisian - Standard Arabic Machine Translation

The development of natural language processing tools for dialects faces the severe problem of lack of resources. In cases of diglossia, as in Arabic, one variant, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), has many resources that can be used to build natural language processing tools. Whereas other variants, Arabic dialects, are resource poor. Taking advantage of the closeness of MSA and its dialects, one way to solve the problem of limited resources, consists in performing a translation of the dialect into MSA in order to use the tools developed for MSA. We describe in this paper an architecture for such a translation and we evaluate it on Tunisian Arabic verbs. Our approach relies on modeling the translation process over the deep morphological representations of roots and patterns, commonly used to model Semitic morphology. We compare different techniques for how to perform the cross-lingual mapping. Our evaluation demonstrates that the use of a decent coverage root+pattern lexicon of Tunisian and MSA with a backoff that assumes independence of mapping roots and patterns is optimal in reducing overall ambiguity and increasing recall.
Channeling Vision: CaV1.4—A Critical Link in Retinal Signal Transmission

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) are key to many biological functions. Entry of Ca2+ into cells is essential for initiating or modulating important processes such as secretion, cell motility, and gene transcription. In the retina and other neural tissues, one of the major roles of Ca2+-entry is to stimulate or regulate exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, without which synaptic transmission is impaired. This review will address the special properties of one L-type VGCC, CaV1.4, with particular emphasis on its role in transmission of visual signals from rod and cone photoreceptors (hereafter called “photoreceptors,” to the exclusion of intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells) to the second-order retinal neurons, and the pathological effects of mutations in the CACNA1F gene which codes for the pore-forming α1F subunit of CaV1.4.
Optimal Testing in the Experiment-rich Regime

Motivated by the widespread adoption of large-scale A/B testing in industry, we propose a new experimentation framework for the setting where potential experiments are abundant (i.e., many hypotheses are available to test), and observations are costly; we refer to this as the experiment-rich regime. Such scenarios require the experimenter to internalize the opportunity cost of assigning a sample to a particular experiment. We fully characterize the optimal policy and give an algorithm to compute it. Furthermore, we develop a simple heuristic that also provides intuition for the optimal policy. We use simulations based on real data to compare both the optimal algorithm and the heuristic to other natural alternative experimental design frameworks. In particular, we discuss the paradox of power: high-powered classical tests can lead to highly inefficient sampling in the experiment-rich regime.
Coastal Fishermen as Lifesavers While Sailing at High Speed: A Crossover Study

Purpose Starting basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) early improves survival. Fishermen are the first bystanders while at work. Our objective was to test in a simulated scenario the CPR quality performed by fishermen while at port and while navigating at different speeds. Methods Twenty coastal fishermen were asked to perform 2 minutes of CPR (chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth ventilations) on a manikin, in three different scenarios: (A) at port on land, (B) on the boat floor sailing at 10 knots, and (C) sailing at 20 knots. Data was recorded using quality CPR software, adjusted to current CPR international guidelines. Results The quality of CPR (QCPR) was significantly higher at port (43% ± 10) than sailing at 10 knots (30% ± 15; p = 0.01) or at 20 knots (26% ± 12; p = 0.001). The percentage of ventilation that achieved some lung insufflation was also significantly higher when CPR was done at port (77% ± 14) than while sailing at 10 knots (59% ± 18) or 20 knots (57% ± 21) (p = 0.01). Conclusion In the event of drowning or cardiac arrest on a small boat, fishermen should immediately start basic CPR and navigate at a relatively high speed to the nearest port if the sea conditions are safe.
Semantic invoice processing

This work highlights how to transform information from invoice documents to semantic models, as an implementation of ontology modeling. The migration from printed paper to digital documents in the Mexican Government Offices in the last few years has brought significant opportunities for the usage of information technologies and applications. However, when changing digital document information into knowledge, there are still many gaps to be filled. This work proposes a solution to some issues regarding ontology modeling, specifically when mapping a document that follows some XML schema to an ontology under the OWL standard. The main contribution of this work is to provide new interpretations of the XML terms in the context of OWL, so that the XML Schema Definition (XSD) structures can be mapped into more complex OWL structures. A software tool developed to test and validate the information extraction strategies proposed is presented here.
Experimenting with engagement: An intervention to promote active reflection during laboratory practicals

Laboratory experiments form an integral part of engineering education, providing a space in which students are given the opportunity to link theoretical concepts to real-world applications. However, students are often unable to engage in the experiments in a meaningful way as the underlying physical principles are not directly measurable but must be inferred through data analysis, even more so in the context of chemical engineering compared to the other engineering disciplines. In this work, Legitimation Code Theory was applied to investigate student learning in a typical chemical engineering laboratory module, both on the time-scale of individual experiments (analyzed in terms of the semantic plane) as well as over the course of the entire semester (analyzed in terms of the epistemic plane). The laboratory experiment as a translation device was considered and an intervention was proposed to enhance the efficacy thereof by providing laptops to facilitate instant data processing. The structure of the module provided a unique opportunity to effectively assess the impact of the intervention without unduly disadvantaging any participants. Quantitative empirical results confirmed that the intervention improved the learning opportunity provided by the laboratory experiment by ensuring that the underlying concepts become self-evident. Furthermore, it was established that students engaged more effectively with experiments when the underlying theory (ontic relations) are emphasized above the experimental approach (discursive relations).
Running head : SAFE SEARCH AND RISKY BANDITS 1 Generalization and search in risky environments

How do people pursue rewards in risky environments, where some outcomes should be avoided at all costs? We investigate participants’ search for spatially correlated rewards in scenarios where one must avoid sampling rewards below a given threshold. This requires participants to not only balance exploration and exploitation, but also to reason about how to avoid potentially risky areas of the search space. Within risky versions of the spatially correlated multi-armed bandit task, we show that participants’ behavior is aligned well with a Gaussian process function learning algorithm, which chooses points based on a safe optimization routine. Moreover, using leave-one-block-out cross-validation, we find that participants adapt their sampling behavior to the riskiness of the task, although the underlying function learning mechanism remains relatively unchanged. These results show that participants can adapt their search behavior to the adversity of the environment and enrich our understanding of adaptive behavior in the face of risk and uncertainty.
Inducing a Lexicon of Abusive Words – a Feature-Based Approach

We address the detection of abusive words. The task is to identify such words among a set of negative polar expressions. We propose novel features employing information from both corpora and lexical resources. These features are calibrated on a small manually annotated base lexicon which we use to produce a large lexicon. We show that the word-level information we learn cannot be equally derived from a large dataset of annotated microposts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our (domain-independent) lexicon in the cross-domain detection of abusive microposts.
Do pain-associated contexts increase pain sensitivity? An investigation using virtual reality

Abstract Background and aims Pain is not a linear result of nociception, but is dependent on multisensory inputs, psychological factors, and prior experience. Since nociceptive models appear insufficient to explain chronic pain, understanding non-nociceptive contributors is imperative. Several recent models propose that cues associatively linked to painful events might acquire the capacity to augment, or even cause, pain. This experiment aimed to determine whether contexts associated with pain, could modulate mechanical pain thresholds and pain intensity. Methods Forty-eight healthy participants underwent a contextual conditioning procedure, where three neutral virtual reality contexts were paired with either unpredictable noxious stimulation, unpredictable vibrotactile stimulation, or no stimulation. Following the conditioning procedure, mechanical pain thresholds and pain evoked by a test stimulus were examined in each context. In the test phase, the effect of expectancy was equalised across conditions by informing participants when thresholds and painful stimuli would be presented. Results Contrary to our hypothesis, scenes that were associated with noxious stimulation did not increase mechanical sensitivity (p=0.08), or increase pain intensity (p=0.46). However, an interaction with sex highlighted the possibility that pain-associated contexts may alter pain sensitivity in females but not males (p=0.03). Conclusions Overall, our data does not support the idea that pain-associated contexts can alter pain sensitivity in healthy asymptomatic individuals. That an effect was shown in females highlights the possibility that some subgroups may be susceptible to such an effect, although the magnitude of the effect may lack real-world significance. If pain-associated cues prove to have a relevant pain augmenting effect, in some subgroups, procedures aimed at extinguishing pain-related associations may have therapeutic potential.
[Analysis of cervical sagittal parameters on MRI in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy].

Objective To analyse the correlation between cervical sagittal parameters of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in different sagittal curvature so as to find out representative cervical sagittal alignment parameters by measuring on MRI. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 88 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy between July 2015 and January 2016. The C 2-C 7 Cobb angle, T 1 slope (T 1S), and C 2-C 7 sagittal vertical axis (C 2-C 7 SVA) were measured on T2-weight MRI. According to C 2-C 7 Cobb angle, the patients were divided into lordosis group (≥10° Cobb angle, 48 cases) and straightened group (0-10° Cobb angle, 40 cases). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for the reliability of measured data, Pearson correlation analysis for correlation between cervical sagittal parameters. Results ICC was 0.858-0.946, indicating good consistency of measurement parameters. The C 2-C 7 Cobb angle, T 1S, and C 2-C 7 SVA were (5.6±2.4)°, (22.2±6.7)°, and (10.2±5.4) mm in straightened group, and were (20.1±8.2)°, (23.4±8.9)°, and (8.2±4.6) mm in lordosis group respectively. There was no correlation between the 3 parameters in straighten group ( r=0.100, P=0.510 for T 1S and C 2-C 7 Cobb angle; r=-0.100, P=0.500 for T 1S and C 2-C 7 SVA; r=0.080, P=0.610 for C 2-C 7 Cobb angle and C 2-C 7 SVA). There was positive correlation between T 1S and C 2-C 7 Cobb angle ( r=0.540, P=0.000), negative correlation between T 1S and C 2-C 7 SVA ( r=-0.450, P=0.001), and no correlation between C 2-C 7 Cobb angle and C 2-C 7 SVA ( r=-0.003, P=0.980). Conclusion For cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with cervical lordosis, only T 1S measurement on MRI can be used as the main parameter to judge the sagittal curvature, but in patients with straightened cervical Cobb angle, measurements of T 1S, C 2-C 7 Cobb angle, and C 2-C 7 SVA should be taken for the comprehensive evaluation of cervical sagittal curvature.
Predicting Trouble Ticket Resolution

Many organizations with an in-house information technology department rely on a trouble ticket system to track network issues. The goal of an effective trouble ticket system is to prioritize limited support personnel, responsively address each issue, and maintain user satisfaction. This paper presents a machine learning system that predicts ticket resolution time to provide users with an expected resolution time for their issue upon ticket submission. Classification and regression models were developed using boosted regression trees and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Evaluating on 12,303 trouble tickets, the classification model accuracy from the boosted regression tree was 74.5%. As a regression problem, the ANN model achieved the best result, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 24.8 hours.
Practice of Epidemiology Associations of Duration , Intensity , and Quantity of Smoking with Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for esophageal cancer; however, there is evidence that magnitudes and patterns of association differ by histologic type. The authors aimed to measure and compare the independent effects of various dimensions of smoking (duration, intensity, total dose, and time since quitting) on risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJAC), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). They used data from a population-based Australian case-control study (2002–2005) comprising 367 EAC cases, 426 GEJAC cases, and 309 ESCC cases and 1,580 controls. Multivariate logistic and generalized additive logistic regression (for nonlinear dose effects) were used. Ever smokers had significantly higher risks of EAC (odds ratio (OR) 1⁄4 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.3), GEJAC (OR 1⁄4 2.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.2), and ESCC (OR 1⁄4 2.8, 95% CI: 2.0, 4.0) than did never smokers; however, there were significant differences in magnitude and patterns of association between subtypes. When multiple dimensions of smoking were assessed concurrently, duration was significantly associated with all three subtypes but intensity was associated only with GEJAC and ESCC, and the associations were nonlinear. For all types of esophageal cancer, time since quitting was independently associated with approximately 15–19% risk reductions per decade.
Effects of juvenile and adult diet on ageing and reproductive effort of male and female black field crickets, Teleogryllus commodus

Summary 1. How and when resources are allocated to reproduction is expected to differ between the sexes, potentially generating differences in how males and females age. For this reason, acquisition of resources should be an important determinant of both age-dependent reproductive effort and of deteriorative ageing (i.e. senescence). 2. We used black field crickets, Teleogryllus commodus , to test whether differences in diet quality of juveniles and adults determine sex-specific resource allocation to reproduction and whether there are any subsequent effects on ageing. 3. We show that ageing does not depend on nymph diet. There was, however, a significant difference in the rates of actuarial ageing for males and females. Females showed reproductive ageing, whereas male reproductive effort plateaus or continues to increase with age. 4. These results highlight the link between diet, reproduction and ageing and show that differences in resource utilization between the sexes can lead to different patterns of ageing. This is likely to have profound effects on how life-histories evolve in the sexes.
Stand-Alone Wearable System for Ubiquitous Real-Time Monitoring of Muscle Activation Potentials

Wearable technology is attracting most attention in healthcare for the acquisition of physiological signals. We propose a stand-alone wearable surface ElectroMyoGraphy (sEMG) system for monitoring the muscle activity in real time. With respect to other wearable sEMG devices, the proposed system includes circuits for detecting the muscle activation potentials and it embeds the complete real-time data processing, without using any external device. The system is optimized with respect to power consumption, with a measured battery life that allows for monitoring the activity during the day. Thanks to its compactness and energy autonomy, it can be used outdoor and it provides a pathway to valuable diagnostic data sets for patients during their own day-life. Our system has performances that are comparable to state-of-art wired equipment in the detection of muscle contractions with the advantage of being wearable, compact, and ubiquitous.
A low voltage capacitor based current controlled sense amplifier for input offset compensation

With CMOS technology scaling, there is a significant increase in transistor threshold voltage mismatch and variations, which result in offset voltage in SRAM designs. A large offset voltage will enlarge SRAM bitline swing and negatively affect dynamic power consumption during a read operation, sensing decision correct rate and operation speed. This paper presents a low voltage capacitor based current controlled sense amplifier design for input offset compensation. The simulation results carried out in 90nm CMOS technology prove that the proposed offset compensation scheme can reduce the standard deviation of offset voltage by 4x compared to the conventional sense amplifier design with about 0.4%, 2.9% overheads in area and power respectively at 0.5 V.