Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of M-Zr (M=Cr, Al, Mn) co-doped ceria: A first-principles study

Zr-doped ceria has been extensively been used in three-way catalyst industry due to the excellent physical and chemical properties. Co-doping technology is always employed to improve the stability of the materials by hindering the phase segregation into CeO2 and ZrO2 individual phases. In this paper, we have intensively studied the stability of M-Zr co-doping systems (M= Cr, Al and Mn) under different growth conditions and under the applied stress. The results show that the O-rich growth condition is very beneficial to the formation of these compounds. Compared with Cr and Mn atoms, Al atoms produce a different type of lattice distortions, which all can improve the stability of the whole system. Among these candidates, Al-Zr co-doping can be most easily formed. Furthermore, our researches demonstrate that under a small strain range, co-doping might increase the mechanical properties of the systems by the solid solution strengthening.
STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN SOLVING STORY PROBLEMS BASED ON MATHEMATICAL ABILITIES

The research aims to describe the students' mathematical communication skills in solving story problems based on mathematical abilities. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Subjects in this research involved 3 students tenth-grade science in one of the senior high schools in Sidoarjo. Based on the mathematics scores in the last report card, I obtained one student with high mathematical abilities, medium mathematical abilities, and low mathematical abilities. The research data were obtained from mathematical communication skills tests and interviews based on a communication skills test. The results showed that students' mathematical communication skills are in line with their ability to solve problems on story problems because they are influenced by the level of mathematical ability of each student who is different in written and oral communication skills.
Coulomb interaction and spin-orbit coupling calculations of thermoelectric properties of the quaternary chalcogenides Tl2PbXY4 (X = Zr, Hf and Y = S, Se)

The increase in energy demands is leading to growing interest in new thermoelectric inorganic materials, such as the chalcogenides. The recently synthesized quaternary chalcogenide, Tl2PbXY4 (X = Zr, Hf and Y = S, Se), compounds were investigated using the full potential linear augmented plane wave method based on density functional theory. We used the generalized gradient approximation plus the optimized effective Hubbard parameter U to treat the exchange correlation. The existence of heavy metals (Tl, Pb and Hf) required the application of relativistic spin–orbit coupling via a second variational procedure. Tl2PbHfS4, Tl2PbHfSe4, Tl2PbZrS4 and Tl2PbZrSe4 compounds were found to be semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 0.911, 0.659, 0.983 and 0.529 eV, respectively. The types of carriers and electrical transport properties of Tl2PbXY4 (X = Zr, Hf and Y = S, Se) are attributed to the Tl-d and S/Se-s electronic states near the Fermi level. Optical properties were investigated via the calculation of dielectric function and reflectivity. Using Boltzmann theory, we compared the thermoelectric properties and we found that Tl2PbHfS4 could be a good candidate for thermoelectric devices.
Thallium Isotopes Reveal Brine Activity During Carbonatite Magmatism

Carbonatite volcanism remains poorly understood compared to silicic volcanism due to the scarcity of carbonatite volcanoes worldwide and because volcanic H2O and CO2—major components in carbonatite volcanic systems—are not well preserved in the rock record. To further our understanding of carbonatite genesis, we utilize the non‐traditional thallium (Tl) isotope system in Khanneshin carbonatites in Afghanistan. These carbonatites contain 250–30,000 ng/g Tl and have ε205Tl values (−4.6 to +4.6) that span much of the terrestrial igneous range. We observe that δ18OVSMOW (+8.6‰ to +23.5‰) correlates positively with δ13CVPDB (−4.6‰ to +3.5‰) and ε205Tl up to δ18O = 15‰. Rayleigh fractionation of calcite from an immiscible CO2‐H2O fluid with a mantle‐like starting composition can explain the δ18O and δ13C—but not ε205Tl—trends. Biotite fractionates Tl isotopes in other magmatic settings, so we hypothesize that a Tl‐rich hydrous brine caused potassic metasomatism (i.e., biotite fenitization) of wall rock that increased the ε205Tl of the residual magma‐fluid reservoir. Our results imply that, in carbonatitic volcanic systems, simultaneous igneous differentiation and potassic metasomatism increase ε205Tl, δ18O, δ13C, and light rare earth element concentrations in residual fluids. Our fractionation models suggest that the Tl isotopic compositions of the primary magmas were among the isotopically lightest (less than or equal to ε205Tl = −4.6) material derived from the mantle for which Tl isotopic constraints exist. If so, the ultimate source of Tl in Khanneshin lavas—and perhaps carbonatites elsewhere—may be recycled ocean crust.
Climate stresses and its impact towards food sufficiency: a case in Bantul regency Yogyakarta-Indonesia

Biomass production is influenced by climate, soil, and water. The most uncontrolled factor is climate. Climate change increases the hazard of hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and drought which influences harvest area an agricultural commodity. This study was purposed to identify and analyze the impact of climate stress on food sufficiency in Bantul Regency, at Special Region of Yogyakarta. Later, it was applied to recommend a strategy in achieving food sufficiency in Bantul. Here, dynamic modeling was applied to simulate the supply and demand for food. Rice is staple food in Indonesia, so it was selected in the simulation of food sufficiency in this study. The modeling used rice production, population, urbanization, and rice field area data released by the Statistic Agency of Bantul. The range of data was 10 (ten) years i.e 2010 to 2019. MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) was used to validate the model. The MAPE of rice production was 8.36%, so the modelling of climate stresses and its impact towards food sufficiency was accepted. This study identified that food sufficiency in Bantul would finish in 2026. The increasing crop index from 2.34 to 3.00 could extend the period of food sufficiency up to 10 years.
Structural Modeling of Peptide Toxin - Ion Channel Interactions using RosettaDock

SUMMARY Voltage-gated ion channels play essential physiological roles in action potential generation and propagation. Peptidic toxins from animal venoms target ion channels and provide useful scaffolds for the rational design of novel channel modulators with enhanced potency and subtype selectivity. Despite recent progress in obtaining experimental structures of peptide toxin – ion channel complexes, structural determination of peptide toxins bound to ion channels in physiologically important states remains challenging. Here we describe an application of RosettaDock approach to structural modeling of peptide toxins interactions with ion channels. We tested this approach on 10 structures of peptide toxinion channel complexes and demonstrated that it can sample near-native structures in all tested cases. Our approach will be useful for improving understanding of the molecular mechanism of natural peptide toxin modulation of ion channel gating and for the structural modeling of novel peptide-based ion channel modulators.
PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI DALAM SINTESIS BESI BERVALENSI NOL (ZVI) DARI FeSO4 DENGAN EKSTRAK POLIFENOL KULIT PISANG KEPOK

Besi bervalensi nol (ZVI) telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan ekstrak kulit pisang kepok sebagai reduktor alami. Analisis terhadap karakteristik ZVI hasil sintesis berupa ukuran, kristalinitas dan morfologi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray difractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dan fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR). Pengukuran konsentrasi Fe2+ yang bereaksi dengan ekstrak yang digunakan divariasikan terhadap waktu, yaitu: 0 jam, 3 jam, 24 jam, 48 jam dan 144 jam. Konsentrasi Fe2+ yang bereaksi dengan polifenol terbesar terjadi ketika waktu reaksi 3 jam, yaitu 110.465,22 ppm. Waktu reaksi 1 jam menghasilkan distribusi ukuran partikel yang paling rendah, yaitu Dv 10 = 383,93 nm; Dv 50 = 537,17 nm; dan Dv 90 = 851,36 nm dengan polydispersity Index (PDI) sebesar 0,1240. Difrasi sinar-X menunjukkan ZVI hasil sintesis merupakan amorf yang terdiri dari fasa iron dan magnetite dengan presentase masing-masing berturut-turut 17,5 % dan 82,5%. Kata Kunci: Besi Bervalensi Nol (ZVI), Reduksi Garam Besi, Polifenol, Waktu Reaksi, Dv, PDI, Aglomerasi. Zero valent iron (ZVI) has been synthesized using banana peel extracts. Characterization of the obtained ZVI was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray difractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR). Measurement of the concentration of Fe2+ reacted with the used extracts varied with respect to time, namely 0 hours, 3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 144 hours. The concentration of Fe2+ which reacts with the largest polyphenols occur when reaction time of 3 hours, ie 110,465.22 ppm. Reaction time of 1 hour to produce a particle size distribution of the lowest, ie Dv 10 = 383.93 nm; Dv 50 = 537.17 nm; and Dv 90 = 851.36 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.1240. X-ray diffraction showed that synthesized ZVI is an amorphous phase consisting of iron and magnetite with the percentage of each respectively 17.5% and 82.5%. Keywords: Zero Valent Iron (ZVI), Reduction of Iron Salt, Polyphenols, Time Reaction, Dv, PDI, Agglomeration
Human Face Identification using Moments and Transformations

Face recognition one of the most promising techniques such that the importance of biometric user identification is increasing every day, several methods have been suggested to perform it such as classification, deep learning, statistical, moments, etc., this work describes different approaches to develop biometric technique, based on the moments and transformation. The proposed method for face recognition is based on Legendre moments and singular value decomposition for feature extraction. Local approaches by dividing images into several blocks (overlapped blocks and non-overlapped) have been adopted to gain the best recognition rate, as well as normalization using the Z-score method, which has been used. The outcomes experimental showed that the suggested system is effective, it has been tested using ORL face image databases with 10 cases and achieved a recognition rate from 85.27-100%, also, applied on FEI Brazil face database with 10 cases and achieved a recognition rate from to 79.77-100%.
Exploring the Performance of Different Texture Information and Polarization Features from PolSAR Images in Urban Land Cover Classification

With the improvement of spatial resolution of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR ) images, there was more research on texture features extracted from PolSAR images; however, the performance of texture features derived from different descriptors in PolSAR images was not fully explored. In this study, the performance of combining polarization features with texture features extracted by four descriptors, respectively, in land cover classification was explored. The experimental results indicated that: (1) different texture features have different abilities to distinguish ground objects; (2) with the improvement of spatial resolution of PolSAR images, texture features should not be ignored; (3) polarization features are very important for land cover classification, texture features can be used as auxiliary features to further improve the classification accuracy. This study could serve as a meaningful reference for information extraction from PolSAR images.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Stability Analysis of a Three-Cell Flying Capacitor DC-DC Converter

This paper presents a study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior a flying capacitor four-level three-cell DC-DC buck converter. Its stability analysis is performed and its stability boundaries is determined in the multi-dimensional paramertic space. First, the switched model of the converter is presented. Then, a discrete-time controller for the converter is proposed. The controller is is responsible for both balancing the flying capacitor voltages from one hand and for output current regulation. Simulation results from the switched model of the converter under the proposed controller are presented. The results show that the system may undergo bifurcation phenomena and period doubling route to chaos when some system parameters are varied. One-dimensional bifurcation diagrams are computed and used to explore the possible dynamical behavior of the system. By using Floquet theory and Filippov method to derive the monodromy matrix, the bifurcation behavior observed in the converter is accurately predicted. Based on justified and realistic approximations of the system state variables waveforms, simple and accurate expressions for these steady-state values and the monodromy matrix are derived and validated. The simple expression of the steady-state operation and the monodromy matrix allow to analytically predict the onset of instability in the system and the stability region in the parametric space is determined. Numerical simulations from the exact switched model validate the theoretical predictions.
Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Modified Gold–Nickel Alloy Nanoparticles Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)

Abstract Au2Ni1 alloy nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a reverse microemulsion procedure and the structure, morphology, and composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the synthesized NPs were random alloys with a Au/Ni atom ratio of 2:1 with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and average diameters of 8 ± 2 nm. A novel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was constructed using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) modified by the Au2Ni1 alloy NPs. The sensor properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry in H2O2 solution. The results demonstrate that the sensor exhibited good performance for H2O2 in phosphate buffer saline at pH 7.2. The detection limit was 2.12 × 10−8 mol/L with a linear correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.99647 with good stability and reproducibility.
The Effects of Monetary Policy on Consumption: Workers vs. Retirees

English Abstract: This paper explores the heterogeneous effects of monetary policy on consumption between workers and retirees. Using household-level data from the U.S., Italy, Japan and Korea, we first show that the consumption of retirees responds less sensitively to monetary policy shocks than that of workers, and that the different weight of interest income in the total income caused by the difference in financial asset holdings between these two groups is one of the main sources of this heterogeneity. We then extend a life-cycle model a la Gertler (1999) by adding sticky prices and monetary policy in order to study the mechanism of the differential effects on consumption of workers and retirees of monetary policy shocks. Consistent with the empirical evidence, the simulation results of the model show that the consumption of retirees is less sensitive to monetary policy shocks than that of workers, and that the larger weight of interest income for retirees compared to that of workers plays a key role in generating these results. The results of this paper imply that population aging can weaken the effectiveness of monetary policy.
Phenology and ovarian development of the introduced weevil Mecinus pascuorum, a passenger pest of kiwifruit in New Zealand

ABSTRACT The plantain weevil, Mecinus pascuorum (Gyllenhal), an introduced species associated with narrow leaf plantain, has become a regular and common post-harvest contaminant of kiwifruit in South Auckland. Here we describe its life history in New Zealand for the first time, based on surveys of narrow leaf plantain, shelter trees and kiwifruit vines, light trapping and ovarian dissections. Adult plantain weevils were captured in light traps from October to mid-November, and appeared on narrow leaf plantain in early October with numbers peaking in early November before declining in December. Ovarian and oocyte development occurred approximately 3 weeks after adults first appeared on narrow leaf plantain, and eggs were probably laid throughout November. Newly emerged adults were found from late December, and the majority emerged from narrow leaf plantain seed heads in January before dispersing by flight. Adults were subsequently found in crevices in tree and vine bark, coarse shelterbelt litter and foliage from January until mid-September. Adults were also found in the distal end of kiwifruit from late January until at least March. We conclude there is one generation per year with a relatively brief immature stage of 2 months and a long-lived adult stage of about 11 months.
The influence of foil-shaped center bulb geometry into catamaran fishing vessels resistance

This paper discusses the use of foil-shaped center bulb in catamaran fishing vessels, where the length, width, and height of the center bulb were configured into six variations. This study aims to get the best configuration that can most reduce the total resistance of catamaran fishing vessels. Ship resistance was tested at Fr 0.15 to Fr 0.35 using the CFD method. The results showed that the best model was found in Model 6, where the length of the center bulb was 15% greater while the width and height were smaller by 10% from the original one. Model 6 can reduce resistance by 10.68%.
Human Capital and International Capital Flows: Evidence from China

The pattern of international capital flows has changed dramatically in the process of globalization. In this study, we argue that human capital (HC) facilitates a region’s reversal from being a net recipient of external resources to being an active contributor in the global market. Using a panel vector autoregressive regression method, we examine the relationships among regional HC, foreign direct investment (FDI), and outward FDI during 2004–2015 in China. Our results show that HC plays a key role in both attracting FDI and generating outward FDI. The findings contribute to research on the dynamic capacity building of regions participating in the global economy, especially strengthening HC for local economies participating in the global economy as either investment recipients or contributors.
Controls on variation of soil organic carbon concentration in the shrublands of the north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau

Assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in high‐altitude shrublands is essential for understanding C dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Hence, we investigated the SOC concentration and its influencing factors using 198 soil profiles (0–100 cm) from 66 sites between 2011 and 2013 in the north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau shrublands. SOC concentration was different under different shrubland types, with SOC concentration significantly greater in the alpine shrublands relative to the desert shrublands, whereas SOC concentration showed limited increases with altitude. Both mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) have positive relationships with SOC concentration, and their relationships are moderate. Compared with MAT, a correlation between MAP and variation in SOC concentration was larger. Meanwhile, with increasing soil depth, a correlation between variation in SOC concentration and climatic factors was smaller. Soil pH seems to be a robust factor that not only had a significant negative correlation with SOC, but also played an important role in regulating a correlation between climatic condition and variation in SOC concentration. Controls on variation of SOC concentration on the Tibetan Plateau help to understand soil C dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems.
Evolution of liquid and gas phases in multi‐plume spray injection

In this study, the unsteady development of multi‐plume sprays has been investigated by large eddy simulations with Eulerian–Lagrangian multiphase approach for both global spray characteristics and local flow features. Multi‐plume sprays are injected at the injection pressures of 10 MPa and 15 MPa, and the temperature of Ts = 297.65 K into the ambient air at the atmospheric pressure and temperature of Ta = 293.15 K. Experimentally obtained global multi‐plume spray characteristics in terms of spray shape and penetration are used to validate the present numerical simulations. The present numerical predictions for Sauter mean diameter and its temporal variation agree well with the empirical correlations. The predicted droplet size distribution evolves temporally and spatially, and exhibits bimodal distribution, until eventually the mode for small droplet sizes dominates. The spray plumes are found to have limited interaction due to the relatively large orientation angles between the plumes. Because of the momentum transfer from the liquid to gas phase, spray‐induced air jets appear in the multi‐plume sprays. Using vorticity, pressure, and λ2 − criterion fields, it is shown that the spray‐induced air jets form similar vortical structures as single phase jets. Similarities between the spray‐induced air jets and single phase jets in terms of the shear layer vortical structures such as hairpin‐like vortices improves our understanding of the entrainment and mixing processes in multi‐plume sprays. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A climate investment trap in developing economies

Finance is vital for the green energy transition, but the access to low cost finance is uneven as the cost of capital differs substantially between regions. This study shows how modelled decarbonisation pathways of developing economies are disproportionately impacted by assumptions around their cost of capital (WACC). For example, representing regionally specific WACC values indicates 35% lower green electricity production in Africa for a cost-optimal 2°C pathway. Moreover, results show that early convergence of WACC values for green and brown technologies in 2050 would allow Africa to reach net-zero emissions approximately 10 years earlier than when convergence is not considered. A “climate investment trap” arises for developing economies when climate-related investments remain chronically insufficient. Elements of sustainable finance frameworks currently present barriers to these finance flows and radical changes are needed so that capital is better allocated to the regions that most need it.