Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes for beta diversity of bird assemblages in Yunnan, China

Evaluating the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes underlying taxonomic and functional beta diversity is crucial in community ecology, because it can reveal the dominant processes of community assembly. However, studies of bird communities remain rare and of limited spatial extents. In this study, we described the taxonomic and functional beta diversity patterns of 32 passerine bird assemblages of Yunnan Province, China. We constructed null models based on observed species beta diversity and used multiple regressions on distance matrices to evaluate the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes to passerine bird assemblage dissimilarity. Our results showed signi ﬁ cant geographic distance decay in taxonomic and functional similarity, with passerine bird assemblages located in the northwest and southwest of the province having higher functional beta diversity values than expected. Environmental distance and geographic distance explained a similar amount taxonomic beta diversity, but environmental distance explained much more functional beta diversity. Our results suggest that both deterministic and stochastic processes drive taxonomic beta diversity, but that deterministic processes, particularly environmental ﬁ ltering, play a dominant role in driving functional beta diversity of passerine bird assemblages at sub-national scale.
Thermodynamic Parameters Including Acid Dissociation Constants for Bromochlorophenols (BCPs)

This contribution reports standard gas-phase enthalpies of formation (ΔfH°298), entropies (S°298), and heat capacities (Cp°(T)) for all plausible 64 bromochlorophenols (BCPs) at the M062X meta hybrid level using a polarized basis set of 6-311+G(d,p). Isodesmic work reactions served to calculate the standard enthalpies of formation for all bromochlorophenol molecules and several bromochlorophenoxy radicals. Standard entropies and heat capacities comprise correction terms due to the treatment of O–H bonds as hindered rotors. Values of the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDHs) of O–H bonds, calculated for a selected series of bromochlorophenols, vary slightly with the change in the pattern and degree of halogenation of the phenyl ring. A thermodynamic cycle facilitated the estimation of pKa values, based on the calculated solvation and gas-phase deprotonation energies. We estimated the solvation energies of 19 out of 64 BCPs and their respective anions based on the integral equation formalism polarizable conti.
Hard Work: Unanticipated Collaboration in Co-creation Processes

In this article, we ask the question how individuals and the community share the burden of work tasks during prolonged co-creation processes. Building on theories of user community, co-creation, and work, we analyze the LEGO Ideas co-creation platform and the user interactions around co-creation projects. Our analysis contributes to the understandings of work in co-creation processes, and it expands our understanding of consumer fatigue in collaborative communities. We argue that even when the reward is individual, the community’s share in the achievement is important as more than affectual work. This is because the community performs tasks such as promoting and marketing projects and employing digital skills such as video or software renderings. Furthermore, we argue that creating a shared feeling of project value, even when a project is not approved by the company is important for maintaining participation in co-creation communities, because community empathy and care are not sufficient in such cases.
Primary and Secondary Variants of Psychopathy in Incarcerated Youth: An Investigation with a Focus on Social Anxiety

ABSTRACT Research generally supports the notion that primary and secondary psychopathy variants are relatively distinct, with primary psychopathy reflecting a congenital affective deficit, and secondary psychopathy reflecting acquired affective disorders. However, little is known about how social anxiety might play in terms of the primary vs. secondary psychopathy typology. The main aim of the present study is to investigate whether the two distinct subtypes of psychopathy emerge using a social anxiety approach. The sample was composed of youth (N = 225, M = 16.72 years, SD = 1.44) from Portuguese juvenile detention centers. Results using model-based cluster analyses suggested the presence of two distinct groups of youth characterized by psychopathic traits that differed on social anxiety. Primary psychopathic youth presented a significantly more severe antisocial/criminal behavior profile, while secondary psychopathic youth reported a less severe antisocial/criminal behavior profile and higher levels of empathy when compared to a control cluster. Findings based on a social anxiety framework suggest that the two subtypes of psychopathy are relevant in terms of assessment and that the development of future preventive/treatment interventions should take into account this typology.
Households Behaviour towards Sustainable Energy Management in Poland—The Homo Energeticus Concept as a New Behaviour Pattern in Sustainable Economics

The presented article belongs to the research school of sustainable development economics as a relatively new science discipline within the broader area of heterodox economics. This paper is based on literature studies of homo concepts in economics, sociology and psychology. It identifies a research gap in sustainable economics, especially in sustainable energy management, formulating a novel concept of an economic man involved in energy management called homo energeticus. Homo energeticus concept is verified by empirical evidence at a local level-quantitative research conducted on a sample of 500 households in Lower Silesia region in Poland. The research’s first objective is to build the original author’s methodology on which the shift patterns from homo oeconomicus (neoclassical economics) to homo sustinens (sustainable economics) may be presented and may be used by scientists worldwide. After preparing a method for identifying concept, the second goal is to identify and describe the new concept of behaviour. The main conclusions are the sustainable behavioural pattern is dominating trend observed among households’ local energy management (homo energeticus). The homo energeticus behaviour was confirmed by every third respondent (critical threshold of 70%) or less restrictive and sustainable behaviour model homo sustinens (critical threshold of 50%) by more than 91.8% of whole respondents.
Activity of grindelanes against important maize pest Spodoptera frugiperda and their selectivity of action on non‐target environmental bacteria

In the search for new plant‐derived products with antifeedant and insecticidal potential against economically important insects, 11 grindelanes (two as natural acids and nine as methylated derivatives) purified from the foliar tissue of Grindelia chiloensis (Cornel.) Cabrera (Asteraceae) were evaluated against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Larvae of this moth are considered to be the main pest of maize that causes severe losses on local agricultural production. Remarkable alterations in feeding behavior, larval weight, larval and pupal stage lengths, and adult fertility, as well as malformations and mortality in specimens during their life cycle were noticed in the feeding preference tests and no‐choice diet assays. Antifeedant indexes (AI%) calculated in food preference bioassays reached up to 79% for the lipophilic grindelane 3b, the most potent antifeedant agent. Grindelane 7b showed a better insecticidal activity (median lethal dose, LD50 = 26.49 µg g−1) and 8b was potentially neurotoxic due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Ultrastructure of the middle portion of the digestive tract of larvae fed with small amounts of natural grindelane 9a supplemented to the diet revealed cell damage, and thickening of the peritrophic membrane and a striking number of mitochondria, as evident signs of defense against toxic substances ingested by the larvae. Besides, this study demonstrated that these effective insecticides did not have inhibitory effects on beneficial plant and soil bacteria which would allow ecological pest management.
A neuropsychological perspective on the development of and the interrelation between numerical and language processing

Impairments in number processing (e.g., dyscalculia, acalculia) are often associated with impairments in language processing (e.g., dyslexia, aphasia) in both developmental disorders and adult neurological syndromes (e.g., Geary, 1993; Willmes, 2008). However, number processing deficits in aphasics are not necessarily reducible to the language impairment (Basso et al., 2005). Recent studies in mathematical experts even suggest the existence of two distinct, non-overlapping networks for mathematics and language (Amalric & Dehaene, 2018). This underscores the importance to understand the neuropsychological foundations of mathematics and language processing. The main aim of this chapter is to present the current neuropsychological literature of numerical cognition so that in a second step similarities and intersections with language processing can be briefly outlined.
Life satisfaction and the conventionality of political participation: The moderation effect of post-materialist value orientation

Does life satisfaction (LS) predict people’s likelihood of participating in politics? Although the relationship between LS and political participation (PP) has been widely debated, its correlation and causality remain inconclusive. We contribute to the literature by exploring the moderation effect of post-materialist value orientation. By conceptualizing the conventionality of PP as a continuous spectrum, we suggest a new typology beyond the dichotomous understanding. Seventh-wave data from the World Values Survey in Hong Kong indicate that individuals who are more dissatisfied with their lives are more likely to engage in radicalized actions such as strikes and boycotts. This negative relationship is particularly strong among people with a post-materialist orientation, yet LS is not related to electoral participation and normalized actions, including peaceful demonstrations commonly regarded as ‘unconventional’ in previous studies. Furthermore, the results of propensity score matching reinforce the causal claim that LS predicts radicalized action negatively.
The Use of Cryotherapy in the Gout Pain Control: A Systematic
 Review

Gouty arthritis is an acute inflammatory disease that affects intra and peri-articular tissues with single joint first, evolving into polyarticular with monoarticular onset, evolving to polyarticular resulting from hyperuricemia and deposition of crystals in the joint. It has a high prevalence in the male population, mainly from the age of 40 with the drop in hormonal rates. Uric acid, resulting from the purine metabolism, does not undergo oxidative degradation due to a deficiency of the liver enzyme uricase, thus it is the final product to be excreted, however, as it is less soluble, its serum level is close to its solubility, about 6.8 mg/dL, factors that contribute to elevated serum levels include a diet rich in purines, hypoexcretion, age, sex, metabolic and renal diseases. Pathological levels of uric acid, triggers its crystallization and accumulation in the joints. These crystals are adjuvant in the beginning of the inflammatory process, stimulating the release of inflammatory mediators such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α). Clinical signs of gouty arthritis occur as a result of this inflammatory response to crystals, with clinical picture showing local symptoms of acute arthritis, such as pain, The Use of Cryotherapy in the Gout Pain Control: A Systematic Review
Visualization of Flow Patterns in Shaking Vessels with Various Geometry.

筆者らはこれまで水平円運動をする円筒槽の揺動攪拌操作について基本的な特性について検討してきた (Katoet al., 1994, 1995) が, 揺動攪拌槽は円筒槽に限る必要はなく, また, 翼を取り付ける必要もないので, 種々の形状を持った槽でも攪拌できる可能性を持っている. 実験室レベルの操作ではビーカーのような円筒槽よりも三角フラスコの方が広く用いられているようである. 従って, これまでに円筒槽で得た知見を三角フラスコを含め種々の幾何形状を持った槽への適用を検討した.
Wrong, but not failed? A study of unexpected events and project performance in 21 engineering projects

PurposeMost complex engineering projects encounter unexpected events through their life cycle. These are traditionally attributed to inaccurate foresight and poor planning. Outlining a nonanticipatory alternate, the authors seek to explain the ability to rebound from unexpected events, without foresight, using resilient systems theory. This paper seeks to outline the theoretical underpinnings of project resilience and to identify criteria for planning and selecting projects for greater resilience.Design/methodology/approachInvestigating project resilience, this paper studies the relationship between unexpected events and project performance in 21 projects. The authors perform a systematic review of project ex post evaluations 3–12 years after project completion.FindingsFirst, the authors find that all projects encountered unexpected events, even when discounting planning error. Second, the authors show that, as a consequence, projects underperformed, not necessarily relative to formal criteria, but in terms of subjective opportunity cost, that is, relative to competing alternates – known or imagined – foregone by their implementation. Finally, the authors identify four types of resilient projects – superior, equivalent, compensatory and convertible projects – as opportunities for building project resilience.Practical implicationsThe properties of resilient projects provide opportunities for building resilience in complex projects.Originality/valueDeparting from traditional efforts to “de risk” plans and “de-bias” planners, this paper focuses on the properties of projects themselves, as an alternate to improved foresight and up-front planning.
Recognition of Benign and Malignant Breast Ultrasound Images Based on Deep Transfer Learning

Manual recognition of breast ultrasound images is a heavy workload for radiologists and misdiagnosis. Traditional machine learning methods and deep learning methods require huge data sets and a lot of time for training. To solve the above problems, this paper had proposed a deep transfer learning method. the transfer learning models ResNet18 and ResNet50 after pre-training on the ImageNet dataset, and the ResNet18 and ResNet50 models without pre-training. The dataset consists of 131 breast ultrasound images (109 benign and 22 malignant), all of which had been collected, labeled and provided by UDIAT Diagnostic Center. The experimental results had shown that the pre-trained ResNet18 model has the best classification performance on breast ultrasound images. It had achieved an accuracy of 93.9%, an F1score of 0.94, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.944. Compared with ordinary deep learning models, its classification performance had been greatly improved, which had proved the significant advantages of deep transfer learning in the classification of small samples of medical images.
Efficient Dimensionality Reduction Methods in Reservoir History Matching

Production forecasting is the basis for decision making in the oil and gas industry, and can be quite challenging, especially in terms of complex geological modeling of the subsurface. To help solve this problem, assisted history matching built on ensemble-based analysis such as the ensemble smoother and ensemble Kalman filter is useful in estimating models that preserve geological realism and have predictive capabilities. These methods tend, however, to be computationally demanding, as they require a large ensemble size for stable convergence. In this paper, we propose a novel method of uncertainty quantification and reservoir model calibration with much-reduced computation time. This approach is based on a sequential combination of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques: t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding or the Gaussian process latent variable model and clustering K-means, along with the data assimilation method ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation. The cluster analysis with t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and Gaussian process latent variable model is used to reduce the number of initial geostatistical realizations and select a set of optimal reservoir models that have similar production performance to the reference model. We then apply ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation for providing reliable assimilation results. Experimental results based on the Brugge field case data verify the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Optimal spatial management in a multiuse marine habitat: Balancing fisheries and tourism

Marine fisheries are an important source of food supply and play an important economic role in many regions worldwide. However, due to aggressive fishing practices they are increasingly overexploited. Marine reserves have the potential to alleviate this problem and moreover, they also provide a physical area where an alternative economic activity can exist without being in conflict with fishing gear. Here we explore the idea of combining multiple economic activities in a marine ecosystem, namely: fishing and tourism. We use a model in which the fish population evolves according to a reaction‐diffusion partial differential equation, and we consider the interactions between fishing and tourism. We use optimal control theory to find, depending on the model parameters, the optimal management strategy. The results show that, subject to certain conditions, it is possible to have two different revenue streams in the same habitat in contrast with the classical view of competing uses. We also corroborate that marine reserves emerge as the optimal strategy and that the presence of visitors in these areas generates larger profits than if only fishing was considered.
The Relationship Between the Financial Performance of Banks and the Quality of Credit Scoring Models

Model risk in credit scoring can be understood as the bank’s losses associated with a model quality deterioration. Deterioration in model quality entails an incorrect assessment of the creditworthiness of borrowers and leads to an increase in potentially defaulting applications in the loan portfolio, as the bank relies on the model performance when making lending decisions. The relationship between model quality and financial performance is embedded in the confusion matrix, where the value of a type I error indicates the bank’s lost profit, and the value of a type II error is equivalent to losses in the event of a default. We propose estimating model risk based on the scenario forecast of model quality or the ranking ability of the Gini model over a given time interval. The result of the analysis is the assessment of the bank’s net present value for the current and modified models, depending on the approval level. The proposed approach allows us to solve the problem of the optimal choice of a Gini model and answer the question of how model quality affects financial performance.
Urban expansion and enhanced flood risk in Africa: The example of Lagos

ABSTRACT The world is increasingly characterised by uncertainty, complexity and rapid change while vulnerability to potential disasters is equally increasing. The situation is more dire in countries where governments are unable to manage land use and development in rapidly growing towns and cities. Lagos, a major city in Nigeria, is notorious for flooding, owing to its being lowland, and this is compounded by inadequate planning and uncoordinated physical development. A systematic study of urban expansion in Lagos was done using Landsat ETM, OLI and Google Earth imageries for 2000, 2013 and 2019 to analyse land use and land cover change, and pattern of encroachment of physical development into vegetation cover and flood plains in Lagos. The comparison of the three Land Use Land Cover Change (LU/LC) schemes, indicates that built-up areas accounted for about 50.0% of land use in Lagos in 2019. The increase is almost thrice the extent recorded in the year 2000. As the pace of growth quickens, new structures deplete vegetation and fuels lateral expansion into marginal land. Adherence to land use planning regulation, vertical expansion and flood-plain-buy-back were recommended as strategies to mitigate flood risk.
Biochemical basis of resistance to pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Australian wild relatives of pigeonpea

The domestication of pigeonpea has severely impacted the intrinsic host‐plant resistance (HPR) to pest and diseases, particularly pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera hubner). This study with 41 Australian wild Cajanus genotypes and interspecific hybrids demonstrated a high level of resistance to H. armigera in the accessions of Cajanus acutifolius, C. latisepalus, C. lanceolatus, C. pubescens, and C. reticulatus var. reticulatus. Significant variation in herbivory development and mortality (P < 0.001) was observed in the wild accessions and their hybrids in response to feeding on leaves. A strong positive relationship (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001) between total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the HPR was observed. Australian wild genotypes demonstrated the role of TPC and the absence of certain flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin in resistant genotypes. The detached leaf bioassay technique separated the wild and domesticated accessions into wild resistant, with herbivory weight difference (HWD) (Day 7–Day 1) ranging between −27 ‐ 104 mg, wild susceptible, with HWD ranging between 124 ‐ 207 mg and domesticated susceptible, with HWD ranging from 208 ‐ 300 mg. Similarly, based on TPC, accessions were also categorised into wild high TPC, with TPC ranging between 32.3 ‐ 42.5 GAE mg/g DW, and wild low TPC had only 17.2–24.8 GAE mg/g DW. Low TPC concentrations were found in domesticated pigeonpea, with 10.7–17.6 GAE mg/g DW. The presence of very high concentrations of the flavone isoorientin, an important antioxidant implicated in the intracellular defence mechanism of cancer therapy, was identified for the first time in wild species of pigeonpea.
External validation of the giant cell arteritis probability score in the Netherlands.

OBJECTIVES To prevent complications of giant cell arteritis (GCA), early and accurate diagnosis is essential. Recently, Laskou et al. (2019) developed the giant cell arteritis probability score (GCAPS) which allows physicians to assess the likelihood of GCA at an early stage. The aim of this study was to validate the GCAPS in a Dutch hospital. METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients with suspected GCA between January 1st, 2017 and October 1st, 2019 was used. As the variable extracranial artery abnormality was not measured, a modified GCAPS was used (m-GCAPS). Clinical diagnosis of the rheumatologist after six months follow-up was used as reference. The m-GCAPS was assessed for discrimination and calibration. We applied risk stratification according to Sebastian et al. (2020) (low, intermediate and high-risk groups based on the median and 75th percentile). RESULTS Our study included 209 suspected GCA patients. 135 patients had complete records. Of these patients, 40 had GCA. The m-GCAPS had an area under the curve of 0.83, a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 75.8% at the optimal cut-off value >10.5. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was non-significant. Using risk stratification, GCA prevalence was 12.5% in the low (score<9), 23.3% in the intermediate (9-12) and 78.6% in the high-risk group (>12). CONCLUSIONS The m-GCAPS showed good discrimination and calibration in a Dutch retrospective cohort and can aid early recognition of GCA. Stratification into low, intermediate and high-risk is promising, but might need optimisation.