Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das Farbkleid von Rhinoderma darwini D. & B., seine Zeichnungsmuster und Variabilität

Resumen Se describen a base de 198 ejemplares de Rhinoderma darwini los patrones de colores de tres variedades: unicolor (47%), angulata (49%) y lateralis (4%). Los sapitos son colectados entre Concepcion y Aysen, de los cuales la mayoria pertenece a diferentes habitates en la provincia de Valdivia. Los colores congenitos de la especie son: negro, bianco, cafe y verde. La tonalidad de los colores de la piel, cafe y verde, en las partes dorsales y laterales se adaptan de acuerdo al ambiente del animal. Esta adaptacion es solamente posible entre un oscurecimiento y aclaramiento del color basico. Es dudoso, si esta adaptacion significa una proteccion efectiva y si Rhinoderma busca un biotopo que corresponda a su patron. Se discute la posibilidad, que Rhinoderma no este some‐tido a una gran presion selectiva.
Use of DNA strand damage (Comet assay) and embryo hatching effects to assess contaminant exposure in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) embryos

After fertilization, blue crab eggs are embedded in a sponge which is attached to the female abdomen during embryo development. Embryos after 9 stages in the egg sac hatch into a swimming zoea stage (stage 10). The authors have developed a bioassay where embryo development is monitored in culture plates with and without toxicants in the water. Toxicant effects are based on determining the percentage of embryos which hatch to zoea. Hatching EC{sub 50} (toxicant concentration at which 50% of the embryos fail to hatch) for a number of pesticides, organometallics and metals were determined. The test takes from 2 to 6 days depending on the embryo stage selected for the study. In addition to embryo development effects the prevalence of DNA single-strand breaks in individual embryo cells were determined using the single cell gel electrophoresis method (Comet assay). A good correlation between DNA strand breakage and embryo defects was found after exposure to genotoxic contaminants. Thus, the bioassay linking DNA damage to embryo hatching effects is rapid, sensitive and mechanistically relevant.
An Improved and Simplified Terminology for Reproductive Classification in Fishes

Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564; Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL 33701;Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA 92037; Instiuto de Investigaciones Marinas, c/Educado Cabello, Vigo, Spain; Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Charlottenlund, Denmark; Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, SC 29422; *Order of authorship is alphabetical
Terrestrial bird community patterns on the coralline islands of the Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea, Eritrea

Aim This study aims to explain the patterns of species richness and nestedness of a terrestrial bird community in a poorly studied region. Location Twenty-six islands in the Dahlak Archipelago, Southern Red Sea, Eritrea. Methods The islands and five mainland areas were censused in summer 1999 and winter 2001. To study the importance of island size, isolation from the mainland and inter-island distance, I used constrained null models for the nestedness temperature calculator and a cluster analysis. Results Species richness depended on island area and isolation from the mainland. Nestedness was detected, even when passive sampling was accounted for. The nested rank of islands was correlated with area and species richness, but not with isolation. Idiosyncrasies appeared among species-poor and species-rich islands, and among common and rare species. Cluster analysis showed differences among species-rich islands, close similarity among species-poor and idiosyncratic islands, and that the compositional similarity among islands decreased with increasing inter-island distance. Thus, faunas of species-poor, smaller islands were more likely to be subsets of faunas of species-rich, larger islands if the distance between the islands was short. Main conclusions Species richness and nestedness were related to island area, and nestedness also to inter-island distances but not to isolation from the mainland. Thus, nestedness and species richness are not affected in the same way by area and distance. Moreover, idiosyncrasies may have been the outcome of species distributions among islands being influenced also by non-nested distributions of habitats, inter–specific interactions, and differences in species distributions across the mainland. Idiosyncrasies in nested patterns may be as important as the nested pattern itself for conservation – and conservation strategies based on nestedness and strong area effects (e.g. protection of only larger islands) may fail to preserve idiosyncratic species/habitats.
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Seedhead Suppression Following Consecutive Yearly Applications of Plant Growth Retardants

Field trials evaluated sequential applications of plant growth retardants (PGRs) to bahiagrass for a 3-yr period at two Florida locations: Newberry (north Florida) and Okeechobee (south Florida). Seven PGRs from various chemical families were used: glyphosate, fluazifop, sethoxydim, maleic hydrazide, trinexapac-ethyl, imazapic, and imazaquin. In 1991 and 1992, PGRs reduced turf color for 2 to 4 wk after treatment (WAT) at the Newberry location but remained above acceptable levels (> 5.0) and recovered by 6 WAT. In 1993, glyphosate, fluazifop, and maleic hydrazide reduced turf color below acceptable levels (< 5.0) 4 WAT, but turf color was acceptable by 6 WAT. Turf color was slightly reduced following single and sequential imazapic applications in Okeechobee; however, turf recovered by 8 WAT. Cumulative seedhead suppression at both locations increased during the 3 yr resulting in at least a 60% reduction in seedhead numbers. Seedhead production each year was 10 to 50% less at 12 WAT in treated plots than in the previous year. Single applications of imazapic and imazapic + imazaquin provided 85 to 100% seedhead suppression for 12 WAT and 100% suppression for up to 16 wk following sequential applications made 8 wk after the initial application (WAI). Single applications of glyphosate, fluazifop, and maleic hydrazide provided ≥ 70% seedhead suppression for 4 to 8 WAT. Sequential applications of fluazifop made 8 WAI provided > 70% control of seedheads through 8 to 16 WAI for 3 yr.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATIONAL FAIRNESS, PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS, AND DISTIBUTIVE FAIRNESS TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FOR THE INTERNET BANKING SERVICE OF BANK MANDIRI WITH SYSTEMIC FAIRNESS AS THE MEDIATING VARIABLE

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of informational fairness, procedural fairness, distributive fairness, and customer satisfaction with internet banking of Mandiri Bank. A total of 107 questionnaires were distributed and 103 questionnaires that can be collected. Hierarchical Linear Modelling was used to test the hypothesis. The results are as follows: Informational fairness has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Procedural fairness has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Systemic fairness has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Informational fairness has significant effect on systemic fairness. Procedural fairness has significant effect on systemic fairness. Procedural fairness has significant effect on customer satisfaction through the mediation of systemic fairness. Distributive fairness has significant effect on customer satisfaction through the mediation of systemic fairness. But like Effect of distributive fairness on customer satisfaction and Influences of distributive fairness effect on systemic fairness does not have significant influence, and Fairness does not mediate the effect of systemic fairness information to customer satisfaction of internet banking of Mandiri Bank.
Primary processes of photosynthesis : principles and apparatus

Chapter 1: Overview of primary processes of photosynthesis Chapter 2: Absorption of light, excitation energy transfer and electron transfer reactions Chapter 3: Chlorophylls Chapter 4: Photophysical properties and light-harvesting and photoprotective functions of carotenoids in bacterial photosynthesis: structural selections Chapter 5: The light-harvesting system of purple anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria Chapter 6: Oxygen evolving cyanobacteria Chapter 7: Antenna system of higher plants' Photosystem I and its interactions with the core complex Chapter 8: Structure and function of Photosystem II light-harvesting proteins (lhcb) of higher plants Chapter 9: Regulatory control of antenna function in plants Chapter 10: Photoinhibition of photosynthetic electron transport Chapter 11: Structure of reaction centers in anoxygenic bacteria Chapter 12: Functional pattern of reaction centers in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria Chapter 13: Structure and function of Photosystem I Chapter 14: Functional pattern of Photosystem I in oxygen evolving organisms Chapter 15: From cell growth to the 3.0 + resolution crystal structure of cyanobacterial Photosystem II Chapter 16: Functional pattern of Photosystem II in oxygen evolving organisms Chapter 17: Photosynthetic water splitting Chapter 18: Anoxygenic bacteria Chapter 19: Electron transport chains in oxygenic cyanobacteria Chapter 20: Structure-function of the cytochrome b6f complex: a design that has worked for three billion years Chapter 21: Photophosphorylation Chapter 22: The evolution of photosynthesis
Adaptive Heartbeat Modeling for Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Ballistocardiograms

We present a method for measuring beat-to-beat heart rate from ballistocardiograms acquired with force sensors. First, a model for the heartbeat shape is adaptively inferred from the signal using hierarchical clustering. Then, beat-to-beat intervals are detected by finding positions where the heartbeat shape best fits the signal. The method was validated with overnight recordings from 46 subjects in varying setups (sleep clinic, home, single bed, double bed, two sensor types). The mean beat-to-beat interval error was 13 ms and on an average 54% of the beat-to-beat intervals were detected. The method is part of a home-use e-health system for an unobtrusive sleep measurement.
Characterization and Identification of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Introduced Parasitoid of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink through DNA Barcode

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, is a serious invasive pest in India and causes severe yield loss. Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Encyrtidae) is one of the efficient parasitoids for the suppression of papaya mealybug in its native range. This parasitoid was introduced from Puerto Rico in 2010 through USDA-APHIS for use against the papaya mealybug. Subsequently, natural occurrence of the parasitoid was observed in mealybug infested papaya fields at Pune and the parasitoid was identified as A. papayae based on morphology based taxonomy at NBAII. The study was undertaken for the DNA barcoding of A. papayae , using CO1 region in order to supplement and confirm that the introduced and Pune populations belonged to the same species and the study revealed that the A. papayae populations from Pune and USA are one and the same having fragment size of ~673bp.
Overview of the Bacterial Pathogens

This chapter summarizes the most important findings on bacterial virulence factors and mechanisms of infection. Gastric infection by the gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is associated with a number of clinical outcomes including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A number of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved specialized systems for the delivery of virulence factors directly into the host cytosol. One such system is the type III secretion system, in which bacterial proteins lacking a typical signal sequence are secreted directly from the bacteria into the cytosol of infected cells. Recent studies of the role of the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded secreted proteins in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) pathogenesis have demonstrated the potential involvement of EspA, EspB, and EspD as structural components of the secretion apparatus. The invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa proteins) orchestrate the cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for bacterial entry. These proteins also direct many of the other virulence properties of Shigella flexneri, including escape from the phagocytic vacuole and induction of apoptosis of macrophages and resulting inflammation. Apoptosis is normally viewed as an immunologically silent cell death process unaccompanied by inflammation. However, this is clearly not the case for the caspase-1-dependent apoptosis induced by S. flexneri. Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens like Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Coxiella species are less well characterized than facultative intracellular pathogens. Finally, the chapter discusses recent progress in understanding the cell biology of Chlamydia infections.
The Impact of Debt-Equity Reporting Classifications on the Firm's Decision to Issue Hybrid Securities

Abstract We test the influence of classification of securities into liabilities and equity on firms' financing choices, using as our setting the change in reporting classification of hybrid securities following SFAS 150. We find that this change affected the decision of firms to issue mandatorily redeemable preferred shares (MRPS). Following the requirement that firms classify the debt-like hybrid security MRPS as a liability, the share of MRPS issuances in firms' new financing declined. Characteristics of firms issuing MRPS also changed. While prior to SFAS 150 firms with higher levels of debt and lower coverage ratios chose to issue MRPS and not debt, after its adoption, the decision to issue MRPS is no longer related to firms' pre-existing debt and coverage levels. Furthermore, our results indicate that before SFAS 150 managers were willing to bear the higher issuance fees of MRPS and chose to issue these debt-like hybrid securities over cheaper debt. The requirement to classify debt-like hybrids as a liability took away the reporting incentives for issuance and made these securities a less popular financing vehicle.
Personality type, social relationships, and problem behaviour in adolescence

In a number of recent studies on personality in childhood and adolescence, comparable personality types have been distinguished. The three types that are repeatedly found can be labelled as: resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. Using data from a short-term longitudinal study of 569 adolescents, we investigated the transactions between type membership and perceived family and peer support and coercion in predicting problem behaviour, and the concomitants of stability and change in type membership. Resilients report the most perceived support from family members and from friends and the lowest parental coercion. Overcontrollers and undercontrollers report similarly low levels of support and undercontrollers report the highest amount of parental coercion. The types also differ in their psychosocial functioning, with overcontrollers and undercontrollers showing more internalizing and social problems and undercontrollers additionally showing more externalizing problems. Interactions between type and support in predicting the level of problem behaviour were found; support seemed more relevant for overcontrollers, and coercion more for resilients and undercontrollers. Type membership was moderately stable over a period of three years, a stability that in several instances seems to be related to perceived relational support and to problem behaviour.
Les gènes TWIST : cibles transcriptionnelles des gènes MYC dans le neuroblastome

Dans les neuroblastomes, le gene N-MYC est amplifie dans 20-25 % des cas,associe a un mauvais pronostic. Au laboratoire, nous avions prealablement montre que la deregulation de l’expression du gene TWIST1 etait correlee a celle de N-MYC dans les neuroblastomes agressifs de stade IV avec une amplification de N-MYC (Valsesia-Wittmann et al., 2004). Au cours de ma these, j’ai pu mettre en evidence que les genes TWIST1 et TWIST2 etaient regules positivement ou negativement de facon dose dependante par les oncoproteines Myc. De facon interessante, le maintien de l’expression de TWIST1 est dependant de l’expression des proteines Myc. Ces resultats suggerent que la deregulation et l’amplification des oncoproteines Myc dans les neuroblastomes N-MYC Amplifies pourraient permettre l’induction selective et le maintien de l’expression de l’oncogene TWIST, agissant comme facteur de survie.
Influence of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Time of Emergence and Density on White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Common ragweed is a major problem in white bean production systems in Ontario. The influence of time of emergence and density of common ragweed on white bean growth and seed yield was examined in Ontario at Elora in 1990, and at Woodstock and Staffa in 1991 and 1992. Ragweed emerged with white bean seedlings (VE) and at the second trifoliate stage of white bean (V3). Time of ragweed emergence and weed density affected white bean yield at all locations. When 1.5 ragweed seedlings m−1 of row emerged at the VE stage of crop growth 10 to 22% seed yield loss occurred. Yield losses of 4 to 9% occurred when 1.5 ragweed seedlings m−1 of row emerged at the V3 crop stage. Yield loss parameter estimates, i.e., the predicted weed-free crop yield (YWF) and the maximum yield loss (A), varied among locations and with time of ragweed emergence, whereas the parameter for yield loss at low weed density (I) was more consistent across all locations and times of weed emergence. Although I values were relatively consistent across locations and times of ragweed emergence, the standard errors associated with each estimate were large. White bean leaf area index, above-ground biomass and pod number m−2 were affected most by ragweed interference. White bean density, number of seeds per pod, and seed weight per plant were not affected by ragweed interference. Ragweed emerging at VE and V3 produced a maximum of 6000 and 1000 seeds m−2, respectively. Time of ragweed emergence may be more important than weed density when evaluating weed control options.
The evolution of sauropod feeding mechanisms

Introduction Sauropods were gigantic, long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs, which dominated many Jurassic and Cretaceous terrestrial faunas. First appearing in the fossil record during the Early Jurassic, they rapidly achieved a nearly global distribution, with apparent peaks in diversity and abundance in the Kimmeridgian, Hauterivian–Barremian, and Campanian–Maastrichtian (McIntosh 1990; Weishampel 1990; Hunt et al. 1994; Barrett 1998). Early discoveries of poorly preserved sauropod material were interpreted as the remains of marine crocodiles (Owen 1841, 1842). Better preserved specimens ( Cetiosaurus ) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, however, allowed Phillips (1871:294) to recognize that these animals were terrestrial dinosaurs which probably ate plants. This discovery was soon overshadowed by spectacular material from the western United States (Cope 1877a, b; Marsh 1877a, b, 1878, 1879), prompting Marsh (1878) to create the new dinosaurian subgroup Sauropoda. The retracted nostrils in the skull of Diplodocus (Marsh 1884), and the gigantic size of these animals, led many workers to conclude that sauropods must have been aquatic (Cope 1878; Marsh 1883; Hatcher 1901; Hay 1908). This ‘aquatic’ hypothesis had an important effect on interpretations of sauropod feeding habits and mechanisms. If such gigantic animals were restricted to food available in or near bodies of water, they probably ate soft aquatic vegetation or invertebrates (Hay 1908; Holland 1924; Haas 1963). This view was seemingly supported by the ‘weak and inefficient’ masticatory apparatus of most sauropods, especially the ‘tooth-comb’ of Diplodocus , which could have been used for straining items from the water.
Herbicide Cross-Resistance in Slender Foxtail (Alopecurus myosuroides)

The resistance of four populations of slender foxtail from England to chlorotoluron, pendimethalin, and the methyl ester of diclofop was studied in whole-plant spray assays. Two populations showed cross-resistance to all three herbicides while a third showed resistance to chlorotoluron only. Resistance, although not absolute, was sufficient to cause substantial reductions in herbicide performance at recommended field doses. Resistant (Peldon) and susceptible (Rothamsted) populations also were assessed for resistance to six dinitroaniline herbicides in a petri dish test in which the effects on shoot development were measured. The degree of resistance of the Peldon population varied considerably among herbicides, with greatest resistance to pendimethalin, whereas sensitivity to ethalfluralin, isopropalin, and trifluralin was similar to that of the Rothamsted standard. Differential response to butralin and oryzalin was smaller than to pendimethalin. The large difference between populations in their response to pendimethalin and trifluralin was confirmed in a pot experiment.
Comparative pharmacognostical and histochemical studies on Benincasa Hispida (Thunb.) CogN.– Fruit and Seed

According to Ayurvedicclassicsfruits of different stages of growth have different properties which possess different effects on consumption; therefore choosing a right stage of fruit for consumption or formulation preparations is very important. This study aims to establish the pharmacognostic standards and evaluate the difference between 3 growing stages of fruit and its seeds along with histochemical analysis on an impor¬tant medicinal & dietetic fruit Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Known as kushmanda in Sanskrit. The present study revealed important characters like presence of discontinuous patches of stone cells in tender stage, powder study revealed more parenchyma cells in tender stage and more xylem vessels and starch grains in mature stage. Difference in percentage of histochemicals in fruit and seed showed more of phytochemical in mature stage.