Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Red Tide Events and Seasonal Variations in the Partial Pressure of CO2 and Related Parameters in Shellfish-Farming Bays, Southeastern Coast of Korea

Mixed results have been reported on the evaluation of the coastal carbon cycle and its contribution to the global carbon cycle, mainly due to the shortage of observational data and the considerable spatiotemporal variability arising from complex biogeochemical factors. In this study, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and related environmental factors were measured in the Jinhae–Geoje–Tongyeong bay region of the southeastern Korean Peninsula in February 2014, August 2014, April 2015, and October 2015. The mean pCO2 of surface seawater ranged from 215 to 471 μatm and exhibited a high correlation with the surface seawater temperature when data for August were excluded (R2 = 0.69), indicating that the seasonal variation in CO2 could be largely attributed to the variation in seawater temperature. However, a severe red tide event occurred in August 2014, when the lowest pCO2 value was observed despite a relatively high seawater temperature. It is considered that the active biological production of phytoplankton related to red tides counteracted the summer increase in pCO2. Based on the correlation between pCO2 and temperature, the estimated decrease in pCO2 caused by non-thermal factors was approximately 200 μatm. During the entire study period, the air–sea CO2 flux ranged from −14.2 to 3.7 mmol m–2 d–1, indicating that the study area served as an overall sink for atmospheric CO2, and only functioned as a weak source during October. The mean annual CO2 flux estimated from the correlation with temperature was −5.1 mmol m–2 d–1. However, because this estimate did not include reductions caused by sporadic events of biological production, such as red tides and phytoplankton blooms, the actual uptake flux is considered to be higher. The mean saturation state (ΩAr) value of carbonate aragonite was 2.61 for surface water and 2.04 for bottom water. However, the mean ΩAr of bottom water was <2 in August and October, and the ΩAr values measured at some of the bottom water stations in August were <1. Considering that the period from August to October corresponds to the reproduction and growth stages of shellfish, such low ΩAr values could be very damaging to shellfish production and the aquaculture industry.
Investigation of Angiogenesis and Wound Healing Potential Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanorods

The angiogenesis process is an essential issue in tissue engineering. Zinc oxide nanorods are biocompatible metals capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that respond to induced angiogenesis through various mechanisms; however, released Zn (II) ions suppress the angiogenesis process. In this study, we fabricated green ZnO nanorods using albumin eggshell as a bio-template and investigate its angiogenic potential through chorioallantoic membrane assay and excision wound healing assay. This study demonstrated that angiogenesis and wound healing processes depend on pro-angiogenic factors as VEGF expression due to ZnO nanorods' exiting. Angiogenesis induced via zinc oxide nanorods may develop sophisticated materials to apply in the wound healing field.
Leveraging Text Mining Approach to Identify What People Want to Know About Mental Disorders From Online Inquiry Platforms

Online inquiry platforms, which is where a person can anonymously ask questions, have become an important information source for those who are concerned about social stigma and discrimination that follow mental disorders. Therefore, examining what people inquire about regarding mental disorders would be useful when designing educational programs for communities. The present study aimed to examine the contents of the queries regarding mental disorders that were posted on online inquiry platforms. A total of 4,714 relevant queries from the two major online inquiry platforms were collected. We computed word frequencies, centralities, and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The words like symptom, hospital and treatment ranked as the most frequently used words, and the word my appeared to have the highest centrality. LDA identified four latent topics: (1) the understanding of general symptoms, (2) a disability grading system and welfare entitlement, (3) stressful life events, and (4) social adaptation with mental disorders. People are interested in practical information concerning mental disorders, such as social benefits, social adaptation, more general information about the symptoms and the treatments. Our findings suggest that instructions encompassing different scopes of information are needed when developing educational programs.
TWO APPROACHES TO MEASURING PERSONALITY TRAITS OF US SUPREME COURT JUSTICES

This issue of the Journal of Law and Courts features articles devoted tomeasuring the personality traits ofUS Supreme Court justices. In this brief comment, I attempt to do the following. First, I briefly summarize Hall et al. (2021) and Black et al. (2021). Here I pay special attention to some of the methodological issues that give rise to the disagreement between these authors. Second, I provide some general thoughts on the enterprise of attempting to measure personality traits of US Supreme Court justices. While I am generally skeptical of the utility of such an enterprise, I could be convinced of its value. Accordingly, I attempt to lay out what a skeptic like myself would like to see in order to be convinced of the intellectual value added of
Novel Lipidized Derivatives of the Bioflavonoid Hesperidin: Dermatological, Cosmetic and Chemopreventive Applications

Hesperidin is one of the most important natural flavonoids, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-hypertensive properties. Despite its various biological activities, hesperidin is rarely used in the dermo-cosmetic field because of its poor solubility in both water and oil phases that makes difficult formulation, distribution and bioavailability through the skin layers. Moreover, hesperidin is still underestimated in skin care products, and literature data on its stability into a topical formulation are not yet available. In this paper we report the synthesis of five different derivatives of hesperidin and their evaluation in terms of antioxidant, antifungal, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects on human leukemic K562 cells. Preliminary antiproliferative effects were considered since hyper-proliferation is involved in several cutaneous problems particularly in the case of photo-exposition and environmental pollution. Esp4 and Esp5 were found to be more active in inhibiting K562 cell growth than parent hesperidin. Esp3 exhibited different biological properties, i.e., antioxidant activity in the absence of antiproliferative effects.
Comparative Study and First Principle Calculations of the Ternary Halide perovskite CsSnBr3 in its Three Phases

Perovskites are very interesting for applications such as optoelectronic devices emitting light, such as OLEDs and lasers. On the other hand, one can consider using these perovskites in a very special architecture: the tandem cells. The principle of these tandem cells is to put in series two types of absorbers to optimize the absorption of the solar spectrum and thus increase the efficiency of the cells: the perovskites could make it possible to increase the collection of the UV part of the solar spectrum. Many perovskite crystals (ABX3) have been discovered to present second order properties for NLO, they undergo phase transitions in which they transform into slightly disordered structures of the original crystals. Perovskite crystal CsSnBr3 undergoes three successive phase transitions at T = 19.1 and 26°C. The crystal symmetry is sequentially transformed from rhombohedral to monoclinic then to cubic with a decreasing temperature, and this phase transition influences the structural properties and consequently the electronic and optical properties of this material. The results found for the perovskite cubic structure have been compared with experimental values and other theoretical works and they are in good agreement, but concerning the monoclinic structure, our results consist of a prediction. The calculation of the electronic properties shows the semi-conductor character of this material since there is a small spacing of the valence (Br-4p5) and conduction (Sn-5p2) bands which is estimated at Eg = 0.5375 eV in the cubic structure. This gap energy plays a key role in evaluating the use and yield of this material in solar cells. Review Article Benyahia; CJAST, 32(1): 1-6, 2019; Article no.CJAST. 46444 2
Multimodal Damage Detection in Self‐Sensing Fiber Reinforced Composites

Internal delamination damage is detected in fiber reinforced polymer composite materials containing active functionality. Damage‐triggered magnetization of the delaminated zone is accomplished using a vascular system to deliver fluids that precipitate magnetic particles upon mixing. Multiple modes of detection are used to sense the presence of this magnetic material. Visual detection is accomplished by the high contrast between damaged and undamaged areas provided by the biomimetic “bruise” formed by the magnetic particles. Magnetic scanning is also used to detect the particles, even if obscured by paint or by opaque reinforcement, such as carbon fiber. Additionally, thermal detection is accomplished by inductively heating the magnetic particles and sensing the temperature differential with an infrared camera. The effectiveness of each detection mode is discussed and compared to industry standard C‐scan to assess accuracy. Using the damage area measured with C‐scan as the benchmark, visual detection measures the damage area with 76% accuracy, and magnetic detection measures the damage area with 91% accuracy. Thermal detection accuracy is time‐dependent as expected. All detection modes consistently detect the presence of damage. The multifunctionality of this material can tailor damage detection techniques for the application and provide a parallel system to augment and potentially enhance self‐healing.
Investigation of the immunological functions of condensin II and TAP2 by ENU mutagenesis

In order to discover novel genes involved in the differentiation and function of immune cells, an ethylnitrosourea (END) mutagenesis screen was developed to detect recessive mutations that would lead to abnormal peripheral lymphocytes. The work described in this thesis involves the characterisation of two mutant mouse strains generated in this ENU project, Nessy and Jasmine. Both strains were identified due to abnormalities in peripheral lymphocytes: Nessy mice exhibited an abnormal CD44 '̂ phenotype on peripheral CDS'" cells, while Jasmine mice had greatly reduced CDS'" cells in the periphery. The causative mutation in Jasmine was mapped to the transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (TAP2) gene, which encodes a protein critical for presenting peptide antigens to T cells and thus initiating immune responses. The phenotype of Nessy mice was caused by a mutation in the kleisin-p gene which encodes a subunit of the condensin II complex that has been shown to play a role in pre-mitotic chromosome condensation. The point mutation in TAP2 of Jasmine mice revealed a region of TAP2 that had not been previously implicated in its stability, with the mutation greatly reducing the level of both TAP2 and TAP1 and diminishing the levels of CDS'" lymphocytes in the thymus and the periphery. It was demonstrated that the kleisin-p transcript was spliced in a highly atypical manner, resulting in splice forms that encode proteins differing only in their Ntemini. All the splice forms were translated into protein and exhibited distinct intracellular localisations. It was also shown that kleisin-p could be transcribed with two alternative 3'UTRs and that a kleisin-|3 pseudogene was also transcribed. Bioinformatic analyses of the kleisin-p gene and its protein products revealed that its expression, and the activity of its proteins, are potentially under tight control at
Fattening steers on a basal diet of ensiled sisal pulp and molasses

Thirty two crossbred (Holstein and Brown Swiss with Zebu) steers of 205 kg initial liveweight were used in an experiment with a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and with two replications to evaluate four levels of sunflower meal (400, 1000,' 1600 and 2200 g/d) and the absence or presence of fresh leucaena forage (22 of liveweight, fresh basis) using a basal diet of ensiled sisal pulp and molasses/urea. The urea concentration in the molasses was 10% (w/w). The mixture was given on a free choice basis as was the sisal pulp, but in separate troughs. The trial lasted 126 days. Voluntary intake of molasses increased to a maximum of 3.5 kg/d between 30 ant 40 d after the start of the trial, then decreased steadily to 1-5 kg during the last 20 d. Average intake was 2.1 kg/d and was not affected by any of the experimental treatments. Addition of Leucaena forage causes increases in the voluntary consumption index (tally DM intake/liveweight). This was reflected in faster liveweight gain, but feet conversion rate was not changed. The sunflower meal increased both liveweight gain and feed conversion efficiency, but not the voluntary consumption index. It is concluded that the effect of the leucaena forage was probably to stimulate more efficient rumen function, giving rise to higher voluntary intake and faster growth; and that the sunflower meal acted primarily at the post-ruminal level, in providing both protein and energy for direct-gastric digestion in the small intestine.
Effect of Dynamic High-Pressure Microfluidization Processing on the Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Jujube Juice

In this study, the effect of Dynamic High-Pressure Microfluidization (DHPM) on the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of Chinese jujube juice. The effect of DHPM pressure and pass number were also assessed. Juice was passed through DHPM at 40-200 MPa for one or three passes. Total phenolic, Vitamin C, soluble protein, polysaccharide, titratable acide content and antioxidant activity of the samples were evaluated through DHPM treatment. Results indicated that DHPM treatment exerted insignificant effect on all nutritional parameters of juice expect for polysaccharide and titratable acide, which demonstrated adverse change. In comparison of raw and DHPM treatment, these two showed no significant difference on total phenolic content and vitamin C content overall. Regarding to soluble protein, it was increased with pressure and pass number of DHPM, and remarkable enhancement was observed in DHPM. In case of polysaccharide, results of DHPM at 40-200 MPa were noticeably lower than control, except 80 MPa for three passes. Besides, DHPM showed remarkable reduction in titratable acid as compared to control. In addition, the·OH radical scavenging capacity could be maintained by DHPM, and the ABTS+ assay was enhanced obviously at 40-120 MPa. While, according to the DPPH assay, the juice antioxidant capacity has not noticeably altered by DHPM processing. In conclusion, DHPM treatment was beneficial to preserve the quality of Chinese jujube juice, suggesting DHPM technology is a potential alternative to conventional for application in Chinese jujube juice. 
Comparative evaluation of phasic and chemical antinociceptive action of a conventional and a novel anticonvulsants in experimental models of tail flick and formalin test

Background: Some antiepileptic drugs have been shown to be clinically efficacious in treatment of neuropathic pain and are being used by clinician.Methods: This study determined the analgesic effect of gabapentin (a conventional anticonvulsant) and levitiracetam (a novel anticonvulsant) in rats in different types of acute and chronic nociceptive test like tail flick and formalin test and compared its potency with a conventional non opioid analgesic diclofenac.Results: Per oral administration of gabapentin produced no any marked effect on early phase response of formalin test but significantly suppressed the late phase response while levitiracetam produced no any type of significant effect in both phases. In tail flick test gabapentin as well as levitiracetam produced no any significant analgesic effect while diclofenac produced significant reduction of pain in tail flick test as well as in both phases of formalin test.Conclusions: Thus, we have observed that gabapentin produced antinociception in chronic pain as second phase of formalin test reflects chronic inflammatory pain while levitiracetam did not produce any type of antinociceptive effect as it could not suppress the pain significantly in both tail flick and formalin test.
Who's got your mail?: characterizing mail service provider usage

E-mail has long been a critical component of daily communication and the core medium for modern business correspondence. While traditionally e-mail service was provisioned and implemented independently by each Internet-connected organization, increasingly this function has been outsourced to third-party services. As with many pieces of key communications infrastructure, such centralization can bring both economies of scale and shared failure risk. In this paper, we investigate this issue empirically --- providing a large-scale measurement and analysis of modern Internet e-mail service provisioning. We develop a reliable methodology to better map domains to mail service providers. We then use this approach to document the dominant and increasing role played by a handful of mail service providers and hosting companies over the past four years. Finally, we briefly explore the extent to which nationality (and hence legal jurisdiction) plays a role in such mail provisioning decisions.
Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto viscose-based activated carbon fiber felts: Kinetics and equilibrium studies

Two viscose-based activated carbon fiber felts (VACFF-1300 and VACFF-1600) with different specific surface areas and pore structures were prepared via two-step carbonization and steam activation and characterized by SEM observation, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. They were used as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution, and the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics were studied via batch adsorption experiments and the adsorption mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that the equilibrium data for methylene blue adsorption onto VACFF-1300 and VACFF-1600 fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 256.1 mg/g and 325.8 mg/g, respectively. Besides, the adsorption kinetics study showed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the two VACFF samples could be best described by the pseudo second-order model. Moreover, the intraparticle diffusion modelling showed that intraparticle diffusion is rate-controlling for both VACFF-1300 and VACFF-1600, and external diffusion is also a rate-controlling step for the latter.
Study on purification technology of polyacrylamide wastewater by non-thermal plasma

In this work, non-thermal plasma has been applied to treat polyacrylamide (PAM) wastewater. We have investigated the influence of the rule of PAM wastewater initial pH, solution concentration and discharge time, discharge voltage on chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation rate. At the same time, the effect of pH and discharge time on the viscosity removal rate of PAM solution was also studied. Then, the effect of pH on the viscosity removal rate of 1.0 g l−1 PAM solution was studied separately. Through orthogonal test, the factors affecting the COD degradation rate of PAM wastewater were determined as follows: discharge time > discharge voltage > solution concentration > wastewater initial pH. The COD highest removal rate of PAM wastewater reached 85.74%, when the optimal conditions are as follows: discharge voltage 40 kV, discharge time 5 h, solution concentration 1.0 g l−1, pH 1.5. This research provides some basic data and new theoretical basis for PAM wastewater purification.
A Call for Hypothesis-Driven, Multi-Level Analysis in Research on Emotional Word Painting in Music: Commentary on Sun & Cuthbert (2018)

This commentary discusses Sun and Cuthbert's (2018) exploratory analysis of emotional word painting in a corpus of English-language popular and folk songs. The authors are complimented for their application of computational tools to an impressively large sample of a somewhat understudied musical genre, and for their detailed level of analysis mapping musical features to the semantic content of individual words. This work, however, suffers from a lack of a priori predictions which causes multiple comparison issues leading to a dramatic reduction in statistical power. The selection of musical features and analytical strategies also seems arbitrary at times due to the absence of motivating hypotheses. It is argued that the ethological literature on affective vocal communication in animals might offer an avenue for future hypothesis-driven research on this topic.
Distinct recruitment of feedforward and recurrent pathways across higher-order areas of mouse visual cortex

Cortical visual processing transforms features of the external world into increasingly complex and specialized neuronal representations. These transformations arise in part through target-specific routing of information; however, within-area computations may also contribute to area-specific function. Here, we sought to determine whether higher-order visual cortical areas LM, AL, PM, and AM have specialized anatomical and physiological properties by using a combination of whole-cell recordings and optogenetic stimulation of V1 axons in vitro. We discovered area-specific differences in the strength of recruitment of interneurons through feed-forward and recurrent pathways, as well as differences in cell-intrinsic properties and interneuron densities. These differences were most striking when comparing across medial and lateral areas, suggesting that these areas have distinct profiles for net excitability and integration of V1 inputs. Thus, cortical areas are not defined simply by the information they receive, but also by area-specific circuit properties that enable specialized filtering of these inputs.
1,2-Dihydrochromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-3-one Derivatives: Synthesis and HPLC-ECD Analysis

Abstract Ethyl-3-formyl-6-methoxy-(2H)-chromene-2-carboxylate was transformed to N-substituted 1,2-dihydrochromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-3-ones in a domino reductive amination–lactamization reaction. Isomerization of the double bond and the inherently labile stereogenic center was studied, and HPLC-ECD analysis of a chiral 1,2-dihydrochromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-3(3aH)-one derivative aided by TDDFT-ECD calculation allowed configurational assignment of the separated enantiomers. Antiproliferative activity of the products was demonstrated on the CaCo-2 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line.
Inelastic Interaction of Double-Valley Dark Solitons for the Hirota Equation

For a scalar integrable model, it is generally believed that the solitons interact with each other elastically, for instance, multi-bright solitons from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the Korteweg-de Vries equation, etc. We obtain double-valley dark solitons from the defocusing Hirota equation by the Darboux transformation. Particularly, we report a remarkable phenomenon for the inelastic interaction of the double-valley dark solitons, in contrast to the solitons interacting with each other elastically for a scalar integrable model in previous works. Furthermore, we give the explicit conditions for the elastic collision based on the asymptotic analysis results. It is shown that the double-valley dark solitons could also admit elastic interaction under the special parameters settings.