Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does two-way coupling modify particle settling and the role of multiscale preferential sweeping?

Abstract For one-way coupled (1WC) flows, Tom & Bragg (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 871, 2019, pp. 244–270) advanced the analysis of Maxey (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 174, 1987, pp. 441–465), which applied to weakly inertial particles, to particles of arbitrary inertia, and the new theoretical result revealed the role that different scales play in the preferential sweeping mechanism that leads to enhanced particle settling in turbulent flows. Monchaux & Dejoan (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 2, 2017, 104302) showed using direct numerical simulations that, while for low particle loading the effect of two-way coupling (2WC) on the global flow statistics is weak, 2WC enables the particles to drag the fluid in their vicinity down with them, significantly enhancing their settling, and they argued that 2WC suppresses the preferential sweeping mechanism. We explore this further by considering the impact of 2WC on the contribution made by eddies of different sizes on the particle settling. In agreement with Monchaux & Dejoan, we show that even for low loading, 2WC strongly enhances particle settling, and we show how 2WC modifies the contribution from different flow scales. However, contrary to their study, we show that preferential sweeping remains important in 2WC flows. In particular, for both 1WC and 2WC flows, the settling enhancement due to turbulence is dominated by contributions from particles in straining regions of the flow, but for the 2WC case, the particles in these regions also drag the fluid down with them, leading to an enhancement of their settling compared with the 1WC case.
Hierarchical Design of Connected Cruise Control: Perception, Planning, and Execution

The emerging wireless Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication technologies can be exploited to monitor the motion of distant vehicles, even those beyond the line of sight. Incorporating the data provided by V2V communication into vehicle control systems has great potentials for enhancing vehicle safety, improving traffic mobility, and reducing fuel consumption. In this dissertation, Connected Cruise Control (CCC) is proposed to regulate the longitudinal motion of vehicles by incorporating motion data received from multiple vehicles ahead via V2V communication. CCC allows the incorporation of human-driven vehicles that do not broadcast information. Moreover, it needs neither a designated leader nor a prescribed connectivity topology. Such flexibility makes CCC practical for implementation in real traffic, leading to a Connected Vehicle Network (CVN) that is comprised of CCC vehicles and conventional human-driven vehicles. The design of CCC is challenging since V2V communication leads to complex connectivity topologies and may have significant information delays. Moreover, uncertainties arising from the vehicle dynamics and the varying traffic environment lead to additional complexity for CCC design. To reduce design complexity, a hierarchical framework is utilized for systematically designing CCC that remains scalable for complex vehicle networks. This framework is comprised of three levels: perception level, planning level, and execution level. At the perception level, a causality detector is proposed to determine whether the information received from V2V communication is relevant to the CCC vehicle. Then, we design a linklength estimator to identify the number of vehicles between the broadcasting vehicle and the receiving vehicle. Based on the output of the link length estimator, we also design a xii network-dynamics identifier to approximate the nonlinear time-delayed dynamics of vehicle networks, which can be used to predict the motion of the vehicle immediately ahead by using the information received from distant vehicles. At the planning level, a general controller is presented to generate the desired longitudinal dynamics by incorporating information delays and connectivity topologies. We derive conditions for choosing control gains which can ensure the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium and can also attenuate perturbations from vehicles ahead. A motif-based approach is proposed for modular design of complex vehicle networks that is scalable when the number of vehicles increases. Simulation results show the advantages of V2V communication in improving traffic dynamics by attenuating disturbances. At the execution level, we consider a physics-based vehicle model that includes uncertain vehicle parameters and external disturbances such as aerodynamic drag. An adaptive sliding-mode controller is designed to regulate the engine torque, in order to make the vehicle state track the desired longitudinal dynamics.
VNS volume 14 issue 6 Cover and Back matter

publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning the neural mechanisms of vision. Contri­ butions may deal with molecular, cellular, and systems-level processes in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Studies based exclusively on clinical, psychophysical, or behavioral data will be considered if they are related to neural mechanisms. Appropriate research areas include: photoreception and transduction, subcortical visual pathways, developmental processes, visually guided behavior, retinal structure and function, cortical mechanisms, oculomotor control, and substrates of perception. Visual features full-length research papers, short communications, and review articles that critically examine topics related to the journal's principal focus. Visual Neuroscience is in Citation MEDLINE; Resources Review; Neuro­ science Citation Index; and in the SCISEARCH and ISI/BIOMED databases.
Inside Out: Detecting Learners’ Confusion to Improve Interactive Digital Learning Environments

Confusion is an emotion that is likely to occur while learning complex information. This emotion can be beneficial to learners in that it can foster engagement, leading to deeper understanding. However, if learners fail to resolve confusion, its effect can be detrimental to learning. Such detrimental learning experiences are particularly concerning within digital learning environments, where a teacher is not physically present to monitor learner engagement and adapt the learning experience accordingly. However, with better information about a learner’s emotion and behaviour, it is possible to improve the design of interactive digital learning environments (IDLE) in promoting productive confusion but also in preventing overwhelming confusion. This article reviews different methodological approaches for detecting confusion, such as self-report, behavioural and physiological measures, and discusses their implications within the theoretical framework of a zone of optimal confusion. The specificities of several methodologies and their potential application in IDLEs are discussed.
Voltage and current spectra for matrix power converters. on Mathematics, (5).

Matrix power converters are used for transforming one alternating-current power supply to another, with diﬀerent peak voltage and frequency. There are three input lines, with sinusoidally varying voltages which are 120 ◦ out of phase one from another, and the output is to be delivered as a similar three-phase supply. The matrix converter switches rapidly, to connect each output line in sequence to each of the input lines in an attempt to synthesize the prescribed output voltages. The switching is carried out at high frequency and it is of practical importance to know the frequency spectra of the output voltages and of the input and output currents. We determine in this paper these spectra using a new method, which has signiﬁcant advantages over the prior default method (a multiple Fourier series technique), leading to a considerably more direct calculation. In particular, the determination of the input current spectrum is feasible here, whereas it would be a signiﬁcantly more daunting procedure using the prior method instead.
Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media

Random Processes and Random Fields Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere Free-Space Propagation of Gaussian-Beam Waves Classical Theory of Optical Wave Propagation Line-of-Sight Propagation - Weak Fluctuation Theory, Part 1 Line-of-Sight Propagation - Weak Fluctuation Theory, Part 2 Propagation Through Random Phase Screens Laser Satellite Communication Systems Propagation Through Complex Paraxial ABCD Optical Systems Doublepassage Problems - Laser Radar Systems Line-of-Sight Propagation - Strong Fluctuation Theory Appendices - Special Functions Integral Table Tables of Beam Statistics Mathematica Programmes.
GAUGE INVARIANCE IN A Z2 HAMILTONIAN LATTICE GUAGE THEORY.

We propose an efficient variational method for Z{sub 2} lattice gauge theory based on the matrix product ansatz. The method is applied to ladder and square lattices. The Gauss law needs to be imposed on quantum states to guarantee gauge invariance when one studies gauge theory in hamiltonian formalism. On the ladder lattice, we identify gauge invariant low-lying states by evaluating expectation values of the Gauss law operator after numerical diagonalization of the gauge hamiltonian. On the square lattice, the second order phase transition is well reproduced.
Initial Conditions in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation

Many different models of inflation give rise to the same effective field theory of the inflaton. While effective field theories in flat space provide little information about UV physics, we propose that in inflationary backgrounds a large amount of information can be encoded by the initial conditions of the effective theory. We identify conditions under which this information remains available at late times, e.g. through observation of non-Gaussianities, and introduce a simple model of initial conditions where these conditions are satisfied.
Template-assisted selective epitaxy of III–V nanoscale devices for co-planar heterogeneous integration with Si

III–V nanoscale devices were monolithically integrated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates by template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE) using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Single crystal III–V (InAs, InGaAs, GaAs) nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanostructures containing constrictions, and cross junctions, as well as 3D stacked nanowires were directly obtained by epitaxial filling of lithographically defined oxide templates. The benefit of TASE is exemplified by the straightforward fabrication of nanoscale Hall structures as well as multiple gate field effect transistors (MuG-FETs) grown co-planar to the SOI layer. Hall measurements on InAs nanowire cross junctions revealed an electron mobility of 5400 cm2/V s, while the alongside fabricated InAs MuG-FETs with ten 55 nm wide, 23 nm thick, and 390 nm long channels exhibit an on current of 660 μA/μm and a peak transconductance of 1.0 mS/μm at VDS = 0.5 V. These results demonstrate TASE as a promising fabrication approach for heterogeneou.
Examining the effects of ontogenic microplastic transference on Culex mosquito mortality and adult weight the effects of ontogenic microplastic transference

21 Microplastics (MPs) continue to proliferate and pollute aquatic and terrestrial environments 22 globally. The impacts of MP pollution on ecosystems and their functioning remain poorly 23 quantified, with most research hitherto focusing on marine ecosystems. There is a paucity of 24 information on the impacts of MPs in freshwater ecosystems, despite the broad range of 25 pathways through which MPs can proliferate and the extensive range of species which actively 26 ingest MPs in these systems. Of particular interest are organisms that bridge aquatic and 27 terrestrial habitats. The present study thus examines the uptake, ontogenic transference and 28 effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 MPs mL -1 ) and sizes (2 and 15 µm) of 29 polystyrene MPs between aquatic and terrestrial life stages of Culex pipiens complex 30 mosquitoes. Both 2 and 15 µm MPs transferred from the aquatic larval to terrestrial adult stage 31 of Culex mosquitoes, and uptake correlated tightly with initial exposure concentration. 32 However, neither concentration nor size of MPs significantly influenced mortality rates 33 between the aquatic larval and terrestrial adult stage. There was also no impact of MPs on the 34 weight of emerging mosquito adults. We thus demonstrate that MPs can be transferred 35 ontogenically through organisms with complex life histories, presenting a potential pathway 36 for dispersal of MPs into terrestrial environments. We also show that MPs exposure does not 37 affect mortality rates between life stages of freshwater Culex populations. This suggests that 38 MPs do not impact nutritional uptakes, with unhampered development to adulthood facilitating 39 subsequent dispersal of MPs aerially and between freshwater and terrestrial habitats. 41 43
Preferential Deadenylation of Hsp7O mRNA Plays a Key Role in Regulating Hsp7O Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Following a standard heat shock, -40%o of Hsp7O transcripts in Drosophila melanogaster lack a poly(A) tail. Since heat shock disrupts other aspects of RNA processing, this observation suggested that heat might disrupt polyadenylation as well. We find, however, that as the temperature is increased a larger fraction of Hsp7O RNA is polyadenylated. Poly(A)-deficient Hsp7O RNAs arise not from a failure in polyadenylation but from the rapid and selective removal of poly(A) from previously adenylated transcripts. Poly(A) removal is highly regulated: poly(A) is (i) removed much more rapidly from Hsp7O RNAs than from Hsp23 RNAs, (ii) removed more rapidly after mild heat shocks than after severe heat shocks, and (iii) removed more rapidly after a severe heat shock ifcells have first been conditioned by a mild heat treatment. Poly(A) seems to be removed by simple deadenylation rather than by endonucleolytic cleavage 5' of the adenylation site. During recovery from heat shock, deadenylation is rapidly followed by degradation. In cells maintained at high temperatures, however, the two processes are uncoupled and Hsp7O RNAs are deadenylated without being degraded. These deadenylated mRNAs are translated with low efficiency. Deadenylation therefore allows Hsp7O synthesis to be repressed even when degradation of the mRNA is blocked. Poly(A) tail shortening appears to play a key role in regulating Hsp7O expression. The on 10% polyacrylamide-SDS gels (41) and stained with Coomassie blue to ensure equal loading. Labeled proteins were visualized by fluorography (43). Accumulation of Hsp7O protein was examined by Western immunoblotting. Electrophoretically separated proteins were transferred to Immobilon membranes (Amersham) and incubated with rat monoclonal antibody 7FB, specific for Drosophila Hsp7O (ascitic fluid diluted 1:500) (82). Immune were detected goat to and enhanced chemiluminescence reagents
A Study of Response of the Equatorial Paciﬁc SST to Doubled-CO 2 Forcing in the Coupled CAM–1.5-Layer Reduced-Gravity Ocean Model

The response of the equatorial Paciﬁc SST under CO 2 doubling is investigated using Community Atmo- sphere Model, version 3.1 (CAM3.1)–1.5-layer reduced-gravity ocean (RGO) coupled model. A robust El Ni ~ no–like warming pattern is found in the equatorial Paciﬁc. The surface heat budget analyses suggest the El Ni ~ no–like pattern results from a weakening of the Walker circulation. In the western equatorial Paciﬁc, all the heat ﬂux components are important to warm the ocean, with the vast majority canceled by entraiment cooling related to increased stratiﬁcation. Inthe central-eastern Paciﬁc, the oceanic horizontal advectionsalong with longwave radiation and latent heat ﬂux act to warm the ocean, with entrainment, shortwave radiation, and horizontal diffusion acting as damping terms. An enhanced annual cycle of SST in the equatorial Paciﬁc is also found, which is driven by the ocean dynamical adjustments to changing winds in the eastern ocean. Althoughthe ocean model used here is a simple reduced-gravity model, the El Ni ~ no–like response supports the results of some full ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs) performed for the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase-5, indicating that the CAM3.1–RGO model can be taken as a useful and efﬁcient tool to study equatorial Paciﬁc response under changing climate. stronger warming in the western equatorial Paciﬁc). The strong upwelling in the eastern equatorial
Title : Types and correlates of school non-attendance in students with autism spectrum disorders

School non-attendance in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has received very little attention to date. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of school non-attendance in students with ASD. Through an online survey, parents of 486 children (mean age 11 years) reported on school attendance over one month, and reasons for instances of non-attendance. On average, students missed five days of school of a possible 23 days. Persistent non-attendance (absent on 10%+ of available sessions) occurred among 43% of students. School non-attendance was associated with child older age, not living in a two-parent household, parental unemployment and, especially, attending a mainstream school. School refusal accounted for 43% of non-attendance. School exclusion and school withdrawal each accounted for 9% of absences. Truancy was almost non-existent. Non-problematic absenteeism (mostly related to medical appointments and illness) accounted for 32% of absences. Non-problematic absenteeism was more likely among those with intellectual disability, school refusal was more likely among older students, and school exclusion was more likely among students from single-parent, unemployed, and well educated households. Findings suggest school non-attendance in ASD is a significant issue, and that it is important to capture detail about attendance patterns and reasons for school non-attendance. abstract Our study aimed to describe school non-attendance in students with autism. We conducted an online survey. Parents of 486 students (mean age 11 years) indicated which days their child had missed school (over a period of one month). If the child had missed a day, the parent was asked to select a reason from a list of 15 possible reasons (this is a measure of types of school non-attendance called SNACK [Heyne et al., 2019]). On average, students missed five days of school of a possible 23 days. Missing over 10% of school is known as persistent absence, and in our study 43% of students experienced persistent absence. Older students, who attended mainstream schools, who did not live in a two-parent household, and whose caregiver was unemployed were more likely to miss school. Looking at the reasons for absence, school refusal was the most frequent reason, accounting for 43% of absences. Nine percent of absences were due to school exclusion. Nine percent of absence was due to school withdrawal. Truancy was almost non-existent. A final reason describes non-problematic absence that is mostly due to medical appointments and illness. This type of absence accounted for 32% of absences in our study, and it was more likely in student with intellectual disability. School refusal was more likely among older students. School exclusion was more likely among students from single-parent, unemployed, and well educated households. Findings from this study help us to understand better the difficulties students with autism experience attending school.
VivoHuman Breast Tissue and Breast Cancer In Estradiol Increases IL-8 Secretion of Normal

IL-8 or CXCL8 has been associated with tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Estrogen is crucial in breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Whether sex steroids affect IL-8 secretion of normal breast tissue or breast cancer is not known. Several cell types in a tissue secrete IL-8. Hence, regulatory mechanisms of IL-8 need to be investigated in whole tissue. We used microdialysis to sample IL-8 in normal human breast tissue in situ in pre- and postmenopausal women, preop-eratively in breast cancers of women, and in experimental breast cancer in mice. We found a signiﬁcant positive correlation between IL-8 and estradiol in normal breast tissue and hormone-dependent breast cancer in vivo. Ex vivo, estradiol exposure increased the IL-8 secretion of normal whole breast tissue in culture. In experimental breast cancer, estradiol increased IL-8 whereas the anti-estrogen tamoxifen inhibited the secretion of IL-8 both in vitro and extracellularly in vivo in tumors of nude mice. An anti-IL-8 Ab inhibited endothelial cell proliferation induced by cancer cell produced IL-8 and tumors with low IL-8 levels exhibited decreased angiogenesis. Our results strongly suggest that estradiol has a critical role in the regulation of IL-8 in normal human breast tissue and human breast cancer. IL-8 may present a novel therapeutic target for estrogen driven breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 371–378. cell analyzed for estradiol, using commercial quantitative immunoassay Fluorokine MAP cytokine multiplex kits (R&D systems), Luminex 100 IL-8 and variation 13 variation estradiol treatment to normal human whole breast biopsies in culture IL-8 secretion signiﬁcantly compared with biopsies cultured without added hormones. Progesterone neither a counteracting nor additive effect on IL-8 secretion. In breast cancer tumors of women, extracellular IL-8 and local estradiol correlated signiﬁcantly in tumors that were positive for both ER and PgR. was further investigated in ER (cid:4) /PgR (cid:4) MCF-7 breast cancer cells in culture, which increased their secretion of IL-8 after estradiol exposure. An Ab against IL-8, ABX-IL-8, inhibited cell proliferation of HUVEC exposed to media collected from MCF-7 cell culture. Moreover, the anti-estrogen tamoxifen inhibited the estradiol-induced IL-8 secretion. In solid MCF-7 tumors grown in nude mice, extracellular IL-8 in vivo was decreased after tamoxifen therapy compared with estrogen treatment only and these tumors also exhibited a decreased anti-IL-8 staining and decreased vessel density. Our results suggest that estradiol has a direct regulatory effect on IL-8 secretion in normal human breast tissue and in ER (cid:4) /PgR (cid:4) breast cancer.
A Q-Learning Approach to Decision Problems in Image Processing

—Decision making in a sequential and uncertain manner is still one of the major problems that all computer science research fields relate to, either by trying to find the optimal solution for it or needing such a solution to obtain optimal results for some other stated problem. This paper's objective is to address the possibility of using reinforcement learning for decision problems in data processing environments. A short review of current uses for reinforcement learning solutions into different fields is depicted as well as a particular case in image processing methods. A solution is proposed for a specific decision problem in the field of image processing. Our implementation shows the results of a reinforced parameterization method for edge detection using Q-Learning.