Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in gut microbiota and signaling molecules of the gut–brain axis in mice fed meat protein diets

The purpose of this study was to characterize the dynamical changes of gut microbiota and explore the influence on bidirectional communications between the gut and the brain during a relatively long-term intake of different protein diets. The C57BL/6J mice were fed casein, soy protein and four kinds of processed meat proteins at a normal dose of 20% for 8 months. Protein diets dramatically affected the microbial composition and function and also the signaling molecule levels of the gut–brain axis in a dynamic manner, which consequently affected growth performance. Alistipes, Clostridiales vadinBB60, Anaerotruncus, Blautia and Oscillibacter had a relatively fast response to the diet, while Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002 and Bilophila responded slowly. Rikenellaceae RC9 gut, Faecalibaculum and Lachnospiraceae showed a continuous change with feeding time. Bacteroidales S24-7 abundance increased from 4 months to 8 months, whereas those of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut, Akkermansia, Alistipes and Anaerotruncus remarkably decreased. Five and fifteen biological functions of microbiota were affected at 4 months and 8 months, respectively, and sixteen functions were observed to change over feeding time. Moreover, 28 and 48 specific operational taxonomy units were associated with the regulation of serotonin, peptide YY, leptin and insulin levels at two time points. Ruminococcaceae was positively associated with Lachnospiraceae and negatively associated with Bacteroidales S24-7. These results give an important insight into the effect of gut microbiota on the bidirectional communications between the gut and the brain under a certain type of diet. Importance Many gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders may have a common pathophysiologic mechanism, involving bidirectional brain–gut axis signaling through humoral and neural pathways. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the communications between the gut and the brain. Recent evidence suggests that a growing number of subjects suffer from the above disorders. The significance of this study lies in the finding that long-term intake of different proteins at a normal dose induces dynamic alterations of specific microbiota in mice, which consequently affect bidirectional communications between the gut and the brain and results in different growth performance through dynamically regulating signaling molecule levels. Furthermore, this study indicates that intake of the same diet for a long time, irrespective of the diet source, may have an adverse effect on host health by altering gut microbiota.
Latest Developments in Membrane (Bio)Reactors

The integration of membranes inside a catalytic reactor is an intensification strategy to combine separation and reaction steps in one single physical unit. In this case, a selective removal or addition of a reactant or product will occur, which can circumvent thermodynamic equilibrium and drive the system performance towards a higher product selectivity. In the case of an inorganic membrane reactor, a membrane separation is coupled with a reaction system (e.g., steam reforming, autothermal reforming, etc.), while in a membrane bioreactor a biological treatment is combined with a separation through the membranes. The objective of this article is to review the latest developments in membrane reactors in both inorganic and membrane bioreactors, followed by a report on new trends, applications, and future perspectives.
Experimental study on cutting force in ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning of 304 austenitic stainless steel

The generation mechanism of cutting force in ultrasonic vibration assisted turning (UAT), with the composition and decomposition of cutting force is discussed in this paper, and the model of cutting force in UAT is established based on the mechanism of UAT. The force measuring test system is designed on the basis of the established machining system of UAT. The contrast experiments for turning the workpiece of 304 austenitic stainless steel are conducted with and without ultrasonic vibration under different technological parameters. Furthermore, the relational model and correlation between technological parameters and cutting force is obtained by regression analysis and variance analysis. Thereby, the mutual relation among these technological parameters is effectively controlled, which contributes to achieving the high quality and high efficient processing. Simultaneously, the influences of single technological parameter with the interaction between technological parameters on cutting force are researched and analyzed. The results prove that the cutting force is reduced significantly with the aid of ultrasonic vibration in turning and the choice of the proper ultrasonic amplitude, there is an optimal range of ultrasonic amplitudes as well. Meanwhile, the cutting parameters have great influence on cutting force, among which depth of cut has the superior influence, then the cutting speed, and feed rate has the minimal influence. Moreover, cutting parameters should not be too large, UAT is mainly used for semi-finishing or finishing at medium-low speed. UAT will get more ideal machining effect if cutting parameters are chosen properly.
Prochlorococcus in the lab and in silico: The importance of representing exudation

In this study, we test the applicability of the Droop/Caperon internal stores model to describe the growth and decline of the globally abundant marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus in batch culture as a function of internal and external inorganic and organic carbon and nitrogen. A rigorous parameter fitting exercise, constrained by the measured cell density, ammonium and inorganic carbon concentrations, revealed many different combinations of parameter values that provided equally good model‐data fit. Introducing data on C : N ratio from the published literature provided additional constraints which could only be satisfied with a structural change to the model. The simplest addition that satisfied these constraints and improved quantitative overall model‐data agreement was to explicitly represent excretion, which was predicted to account for 0.03–8.5% of the daily primary productivity; somewhat lower than previous estimates based on radiotracer incorporation. We argue that this significant and biologically meaningful process should not be neglected in models of marine phytoplankton.
Vascular access cannulation and haemostasis: a national observational study of French practices

Abstract Background We report the results of an observational study of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation and haemostasis practices in France. Methods The study (sponsored by Brothier Pharmaceutical Inc.) was conducted in 150 dialysis units. Data obtained from 150 supervisory nurses, 1538 nurses and 3588 patients with an AVF were analysed. Results The nurses reported using rope-ladder, area or buttonhole cannulation techniques in 68, 26 and 6% of cases, respectively. Metal needles were used most frequently (64%), with mainly a diameter of 15 G or 16 G. The needle was introduced with the bevel up in 56% of cases. Compression applied using dressings (in particular, pure calcium alginate dressings) was the method of choice for haemostasis of the puncture sites and was assessed as being strong by most of the nurses and very strong in cases of prolonged bleeding. Most (82%) of the patients reported the use of local anaesthetic before cannulation and 23% reported an allergic skin reaction to the anaesthetic. Bleeding of the puncture sites lasted for >10 min for 48% of the patients and it reappeared between two sessions for 29% of the patients. Whereas the nurses appeared to have a good understanding of AVF, more than half of the patients did not know how to care for it, with 55% requiring more information. Conclusions This study underlines the lack of national consensus concerning AVF cannulation practices. It suggests that haemostasis methods of the puncture sites can be improved and it highlights the need to improve patient knowledge.
Positional, isotopic mass and force constant disorder in molybdate glasses and their parent metal oxides as observed by neutron diffraction and Compton scattering

Neutron Compton scattering and neutron diffraction, augmented by ab initio modelling, have been applied for the characterisation of disorder in molybdate glasses, 20MoO3 + 30Nd2O3 + 50B2O3, 40MoO3 + 30Nd2O3 + 30B2O3, and 50MoO3 + 25Nd2O3 + 25B2O3, along with their parent metal oxides, B2O3, MoO3 and Nd2O3. Softening of the atom-projected vibrational densities of states (apVDOSes) was observed for all constituent nuclei in the metal oxide systems, with respect to the ab initio harmonic lattice dynamics predictions. For the oxygen, the mode softening was attributed to force-constant disorder, and for the boron to the isotopic mass disorder. A universal scale of disorder in oxide glasses has been proposed. The scale relies on the assumption that the amount of disorder-induced phonon softening can be bracketed by two extreme situations: (i) a completely disordered system with no confining potential whose momentum distribution is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann momentum, and (ii) the compositional average of harmonic lattice dynamics predictions for individual metal oxide systems. The highest degree of disorder on this scale was observed for the boron in the molybdate glasses with the highest amount of B2O3. The distributions of total (summed over all nuclei) effective force constants were found to be at least an order of magnitude wider than their counterparts calculated for the parent metal oxide systems, indicating a much greater degree of positional disorder-induced force constant disorder in the molybdate glasses. The sum of all mean effective forces acting on all constituent nuclei in the molybdates was found to be decreasing with the increasing amount of the glass-former B2O3, clearly showing a systematic softening of the structure of the glasses. The biggest contributions to the total average effective mean force in all three molybdates were found for the molybdenum and neodymium.
Non-Random Exposure to Exogenous Shocks: Theory and Applications

We develop new tools for causal inference in settings where exogenous shocks affect the treatment status of multiple observations jointly, to different extents. In these settings researchers may construct treatments or instruments that combine the shocks with predetermined measures of shock exposure. Examples include measures of spillovers in social and transportation networks, simulated eligibility instruments, and shift-share instruments. We show that leveraging the exogeneity of shocks for identification generally requires a simple but non-standard recentering, derived from the specification of counterfactual shocks that might as well have been realized. We further show how specification of counterfactual shocks can be used for finite-sample inference and specification tests, and we characterize the recentered instruments that are asymptotically efficient. We use this framework to estimate the employment effects of Chinese market access growth due to high-speed rail construction and the insurance coverage effects of expanded Medicaid eligibility.
Classification and prediction of social attributes By K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with Socially-aware wireless networking-A study

In this paper, we analyze the data which was collected from SIGCOMM 2009, where 76 users were taken part in and traces of Bluetooth encounters, opportunistic messaging, and social profiles of them were collected. The experiment started by conducting a the data sorting and data cleaning. In data processing, mainly three main types of characteristic data in the dataset: message, proximity and participant were chosen. After that, Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied on the processed data, which can score the selected segments by similarity measurement, and then form and visually describe the hierarchical structure of these selected clusters. T can either be manually set or a machine language algorithm can be used and here the manually number of categories are set to be 3 after applying the fviz_nbclust function for optimal clustering analysis. As this was a study article five different calculation methods were analyzed to accomplish hierarchical clustering: single linkage, complete linkage, median distance method, UPGMA and Centroid Clustering. The comparison is deployed iwith a simulation tool and the results are plotted. After the clustering algorithms, the participants are divided into three categories, and for each clustering algorithm the divisions are different. In this regard, k-nearest neighbor classification algorithm is used to calculate the error rate of comparison between the original data and the predicted data. To conclude, Our method results in specific label classification and then analyze the strength of nodes and the tightness between nodes via the KNN algorithm.
PySight: plug and play photon counting for fast intravital microscopy

Imaging increasingly large neuronal populations at high rates pushed multi-photon microscopy into the photon-deprived regime. We present PySight, an add-on hardware and software solution tailored for photon-deprived imaging conditions. PySight more than triples the median amplitude of neuronal calcium transients in awake mice, and facilitates single-trial intravital voltage imaging in fruit flies. Its unique data streaming architecture allowed us to image a fruit fly’s olfactory response over 234 ×; 600 ×; 330µm3 at 73 volumes per second, outperforming top-tier imaging setups while retaining over 200 times lower data rates. PySight requires no electronics expertise nor custom synchronization boards, and its open-source software is extensible to any imaging method based on single-pixel (bucket) detectors. PySight offers an optimal data acquisition scheme for ever increasing imaging volumes of turbid living tissue.
Competitiveness and Market Concentration of Islamic Banking Industry: A Comparison Study between Indonesia and Malaysia

Financial integration in the ASEAN Economic community (AEC) by 2020 forces Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia to be more competitive and have market power domestically and internationally to ensure business sustainability and increase assets rapidly in order to boost market share of Islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia. Islamic bank market competitiveness and power will determine the returns, investment, asset and trust of Islamic banks. The study uses data from 10 Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. The result confirmed that Islamic banking in Indonesia are characterized by the monopolize industry and Islamic bank in Malaysia are characterized by oligopoly Industry.
Predictable and Unpredictable Climate Variability Impacts on Optimal Renewable Energy Mixes: The Example of Spain

We analyzed the role of predictable and unpredictable variability in the identification of optimal renewable energy mixes in an electricity system. Renewable energy sources are the fastest growing energy generation technology, but the variable nature of production linked to climate variability raises structural, technological and economical issues. This work proposes the differentiation of the treatment applied to predictable and unpredictable variability in the context of Markowitz portfolio theory for optimal renewable deployment. The e4clim model was used as a tool to analyze the impact of predictable sources of generation variability on the optimal renewable energy mixes. Significant differences appeared, depending on the consideration of risk, all of them showing room for improvement with respect to the current situation. The application of the methods developed in this study is encouraged in mean-variance analyses, since its contribution favors scenarios where unpredictable variability in the climate-powered renewable energy sources are considered for their risk introduction.
Preferencia de ovinos y bovinos por frutos de seis especies arbóreas

Se determino la preferencia de ovinos y bovinos hacia frutos de Acacia cochliacantha Humb. & Bonpl. Willd. , Caesalpinia cacalaco Bonpl. , Vachellia pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Benth. , Chloroleucon mangense (Jacq.) Britton & Rose, Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby y Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. En la primera prueba se determino la preferencia de becerros criollo lechero Tropical-Tarantes y en la segunda y tercera, la preferencia de ovinos pelibuey. En cada prueba se ofrecieron simultaneamente frutos molidos en periodos de 15 minutos, durante siete dias consecutivos, utilizando un arreglo de cafeteria. Los frutos utilizados registraron mas de 8% de proteina cruda (PC) destacando C. mangense (20.7%), mientras que la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) mas alta fue para C. cacalaco (69.9%); se registro presencia de taninos, terpenos, saponinas y flavonoides en los frutos, sobresaliendo A. cochliacantha con mayor contenido. Los bovinos prefirieron (P0.001) V. pennatula (25273) y G. ulmifolia (24754 g animal1 ) sobre otros frutos. Los ovinos sin ayuno mostraron mayor preferencia por C. mangense (7935 g animal1 dia1 ) mientras que los ovinos con ayuno prefirieron (P0.001) C. mangense, A. pennatula y A. cochliacantha (7628, 739 y 6012 g animal1 dia1 , respectivamente). Tanto los bovinos y ovinos mostraron preferencia por algun fruto, sin embargo de mayor preferencia fueron C. mangense para ovinos, A. pennatula, y G. ulmifolia para bovinos, y los frutos de C. cacalaco fueron los menos aceptados
Calibration of Multiple Depth Sensor Network Using Reflective Pattern on Spheres: Theory and Experiments

SUMMARY The usage of depth data from time-of-flight or any equivalent devices overcomes visual challenges presented under low illumination. For integrating such data from multiple sources, the paper proposes a novel tool for the calibration of sensors. The proposed tool consists of retro-reflective stripped spheres. To correctly estimate these spheres, the paper investigates the performance of spherical estimations from either infrared or depth data. The relationship between sensors is determined by calculating the poses between the calibration tool and each sensor. The paper evaluates and compares the proposed approach against other state-of-the-art approaches in terms of shape reconstruction and spatial consistency.
Habits are negatively regulated by HDAC3 in the dorsal striatum

Optimal behavior results from a balance of control between two strategies, one cognitive/goal-directed and one habitual, which rely on the anatomically distinct dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum, respectively. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms required to learn and transition between these strategies are unknown. Here we identified a critical negative regulator of habit learning. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition following instrumental conditioning accelerated habitual control of behavior. HDAC3, a transcriptional repressor, was removed from the promoters of learning-related genes in the dorsal striatum as habits formed with overtraining and with post-training HDAC inhibition. Decreasing HDAC3 function in the DLS accelerated habit formation, while DLS HDAC3 overexpression prevented habit. HDAC3 activity in the DMS was also found to constrain habit formation. These results challenge the strict dissociation between DMS and DLS function in goal-directed v. habitual behavioral control and identify dorsal striatal HDAC3 as a critical molecular substrate of the transition to habit.
Genetic structuring across alternative life‐history tactics and small spatial scales in brown trout (
 Salmo trutta
 )

Facultative migration occurs when, in response to prevailing conditions, individuals in a population may (or may not) undertake a migration. The brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) is a species that exhibits facultative migration, where some individuals within popula tions may move to mainstem rivers (fluvial–adfluvial migration), lakes (lacustrine–ad fluvial migration), estuaries (partial anadromy) or sea (anadromy) to feed, while others remain resident. This study attempts to separate two alternative hypotheses for the population structuring that underpins the expression of facultative migration in this species: (a) that anadromous and nonanadromous fish comprise two gene pools; (b) that individual genetic variation or individual variation in gene–environment inter actions is responsible for the expression of different life-history tactics within the same gene pool. The study design involved sampling and analyses of anadromous and nonanadromous brown trout from three independent tributary rivers known to produce (sea-run) trout within the same catchment. Results indicate that, in all cases, population genetic divergence was linked to geographical location and not to life-history tactics. Two genetically distinct coexisting population pairs were identified in two separate tributaries. Despite similar environmental conditions in both tributar -ies, the frequency of each life-history tactic (anadromy vs. nonanadromous) within these population pairs differed significantly. The results of this study support the hypothesis that facultative migration in brown trout is likely to be driven by a quanti tative threshold trait, where the threshold value varies both among populations and among individuals within populations.
Chemosensory Basis of Feeding Behavior in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is important as the principal species in the worldwide aquaculture of shrimp. It has also become a model in the study of crustacean biology, especially because it is one of the first decapod crustaceans to have its genome sequenced. This study examined an aspect of the sensory biology of this shrimp that is important in its aquaculture, by describing its peripheral chemical sensors and how they are used in acquiring and consuming food pellets. We used scanning electron microscopy to describe the diversity of sensilla on the shrimp’s major chemosensory organs: antennules, antennae, mouthparts, and legs. Using behavioral studies on animals with selective sensory ablations, we then explored the roles that these chemosensory organs play in the shrimp’s search for, and acquisition and ingestion of, food pellets. We found that the antennules mediate odor-activated searching for pellets, with both the lateral and medial antennular flagella contributing to this behavior and thus demonstrating that both aesthetasc (olfactory) and distributed chemosensors on the antennules can mediate this behavior. Once the shrimp finds and grasps the food pellet, the antennular chemoreceptors no longer play a role, and then the chemoreceptors on the mouthparts and legs control ingestion of the pellets. This sequence of chemosensory control of feeding in L. vannamei, a dendrobranchiate crustacean with small antennules and an ability to live and feed in both benthic and pelagic environments, is generally similar to that of the better-studied, large-antennuled, benthic reptantian crustaceans, including spiny lobsters (Achelata), clawed lobsters and crayfish (Astacidea), and crabs (Meirua).