Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active-learning settings and physics lectures: a performance analysis

We have divided a non-physics undergraduate student cohort into two parallel teaching settings. We offered a highly interactive flipped class (SCALE-UP) to one group of 52 students and a reformed LECTURE to the remaining 318 students. We compared student performance in both settings, based on a common midterm exam. The SCALE-UP students performed significantly better on conceptual problems, but for numerical problems, SCALE-UP and LECTURE students showed similar results.
Antimicrobial potential of Tylophora indica and its future considerations in health and food industry

One of the most interesting areas in scientific research has been drug discovery. The discovery of antibiotics led to the improvement of the overall health status of the general population, but in the present scenario, its misuse has caused the development of microbial drug resistance. The focus has shifted toward the use of natural drugs as a source of treatment for various ailments to improve the health of individuals. A climber, identified as Tylophora indica, has been in use for a very long time for the treatment of ailments such as asthma and diarrhea. T. indica possesses compounds such as phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids and nonalkaloid components which may be responsible for its biological activity. T. indica is an endangered species, and its genetic preservation is a matter of concern. Literature reports that the different plant parts of T. indica, especially the leaves, possess a wide range of activities against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The experimental observations suggest that the methanolic extracts are more effective as compared to the aqueous extracts. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of T. indica extracts for its antimicrobial activities on various microbial pathogens including bacterial species, protozoal parasites, and viruses. This may further open an investigation into healthy and natural food preservation techniques. The article makes an attempt to review the antimicrobial activities of T. indica, its potential in the food and health sectors, and the future scope with emphasis on overcoming the limitations such as microbial contamination of food and use of synthetic preservatives.
Controlling magnetic domain wall pinning using atomic force microscope tip-based nanomachining

In recent decades, atomic force microscope (AFM) tip-based nanomachining has gained the increased attention of researchers as a technique capable of creating nanoscale features on the surfaces of materials. In principle, it represents a potentially low-cost alternative to other more expensive methods for nanoscale fabrication, particularly at the prototyping stage of device development. However, currently the numbers of practical applications that take advantage of this technique are limited. At the same time, magnetic domains at nanoscales have also shown to be of interest in recent decades with the potential for use in various applications. An example of which includes racetrack memory, a possible future non-volatile data storage system that would have higher densities and faster read/write speeds [1]. A key issue in successfully developing these systems relates to the ability to accurately control the motion of the magnetic domain boundaries known as domain walls (DWs). In this context, this thesis presents a study attempting to combine these issues. AFM tip-based nanomachining is used to create vertical nanotrenches cut along the top surface across the width of magnetic nanowires with the intention of pinning DWs at them. A computational study was conducted focusing on the effects of the shape and geometry of vertical nanotrenches on their pinning strength. This was inspired by the fact that nanotrenches created by AFM tip-based nanomaching have a tendency to be triangular in shape due to the pyramidal tips. Simulations were carried out using the Object-Oriented MicroMagnetic Framework (OOMMF). It was found that triangular nanotrenches pin both transverse and vortex DWs more weakly than their square counterparts. The depth of both shape nanotrenches appear to have approximately linear relationships with the pinning strength. It was found that whilst square nanotrenches retain their pinning strength as their length is increased, triangular nanotrenches reduce in pinning strength beyond a significant length relative to its depth. This was shown to be related to the angle between the triangular nanotrench wall and the x-y plane. It is found that the depinning fields drastically reduce when the angle is reduced below 10 ° corresponding to relatively shallow and long nanotrenches. Experiments are carried out to test the viability of AFM tip-based nanomachining for pinning DWs. Anisotropic Magnetoresistance measurements were used to detect the IV presence of DWs and measure the resulting depinning fields. In addition to this, magnetic full-field transmission soft x-ray microscopy was utilised to directly image DWs pinned at the created sites. It was found to be a viable option as multiple ferromagnetic nanowires are machined and DWs are pinned at the resulting nanotrenches. Further work was conducted to verify the computational results regarding nanotrench depth and pinning strength. Experimental data gathered agrees with the computational simulations and show an approximately linear increase in depinning fields with an increase in nanotrench depth.
BREM-SC: a bayesian random effects mixture model for joint clustering single cell multi-omics data

Droplet-based single cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, largely represented by the 10X Genomics Chromium system, is able to measure the gene expression from tens of thousands of single cells simultaneously. More recently, coupled with the cutting-edge Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq), the droplet-based system has allowed for immunophenotyping of single cells based on cell surface expression of specific proteins together with simultaneous transcriptome profiling in the same cell. Despite the rapid advances in technologies, novel statistical methods and computational tools for analyzing multi-modal CITE-Seq data are lacking. In this study, we developed BREM-SC, a novel Bayesian Random Effects Mixture model that jointly clusters paired single cell transcriptomic and proteomic data. Through simulation studies and analysis of public and in-house real data sets, we successfully demonstrated the validity and advantages of this method in fully utilizing both types of data to accurately identify cell clusters. In addition, as a probabilistic model-based approach, BREM-SC is able to quantify the clustering uncertainty for each single cell. This new method will greatly facilitate researchers to jointly study transcriptome and surface proteins at the single cell level to make new biological discoveries, particularly in the area of immunology.
Cross-Species Integration of Transcriptomic Effects of Tobacco and Nicotine Exposure Helps to Prioritize Genetic Effects on Human Tobacco Consumption

Computational advances have fostered the development of new methods and tools to integrate gene expression and functional evidence into human-genetic association analyses. Integrative functional genomics analysis for altered response to alcohol in mice provided the first evidence that multi-species analysis tools, such as GeneWeaver, can identify or confirm novel alcohol-related loci. The present study describes an integrative framework to investigate how highly-connected genes linked by their association to tobacco-related behaviors, contribute to individual differences in tobacco consumption. Data from individuals of European ancestry in the UKBiobank (N=139,043) were used to examine the relative contribution of orthologs of a set of genes that are transcriptionally co-regulated by tobacco or nicotine exposure in model organism experiments to human tobacco consumption. Multi-component mixed linear models using genotyped and imputed single nucleotide variants indicated that: (1) variation within human orthologs of these genes accounted for 2-5% of the observed heritability (meta h2SNP-Total=0.08 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.09]) of tobacco/nicotine consumption across three independent folds of unrelated individuals (enrichment ranging from 0.85 - 2.98), and (2) variation around (5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 Kb regions) the set of co-transcriptionally regulated genes accounted for 5-36% of the observed SNP-heritability (enrichment ranging from 1.60 – 31.45). Notably, the effects of variants in co-transcriptionally regulated genes were enriched in tobacco GWAS. These findings highlight the advantages of using multiple species evidence to isolate genetic factors to better understand the etiological complexity of tobacco and other nicotine consumption.
Improvement of Slow Wave Sleep Continuity by Mattress with Better Body Pressure Dispersal

Background and ObjectiveaaThis study evaluated the effects of a mattress with better body pressure dispersal in comparison to a control mattress on sleep quality. MethodsaaIn this randomized crossover study, 10 healthy young men slept in an experimental sleep room on either a functional mattress made from polyurethane, with a special four-layer three-dimensional structure, or a control mattress made from solid polyester wadding, which is a mattress commercially available in Japan. Polysomnography recordings were used to characterize sleep architecture, and the length of slow wave sleep (SWS) episodes and delta power density were calculated from the electroencephalography data and subjective sleep quality was evaluated by questionnaire they answered after waking. ResultsaaThere were no significant differences in sleep latency, the total duration of each sleep stages, total sleep time, or sleep efficiency. Although the difference was subtle, delta power density significantly increased with the functional mattress. There was no difference in the total duration of SWS, but there were significantly fewer SWS episodes with the functional mattress (10.3 ± 1.8) than with the control mattress (16.9 ± 1.2) and longer SWS episode duration (10.9 ± 1.7 min) with the functional mattress than with the control mattress (5.6 ± 0.5 min). ConclusionsaaIt was suggested that the functional mattress lengthened SWS episode duration, and its fragmentation was effective in evaluating the sleep quality of healthy young individuals. Sleep Med Res 2019;10(2):75-82
Slack resources and growth performance: The mediating roles of product and process innovation capabilities

ABSTRACT Slack resources are essential to organizations’ capacity to strategize and explore new opportunities. However, due to causal ambiguity and temporal separation, there is no consensus about the specific effects on long-term organizational performance, nor the processes by which the effects manifest themselves. Two forms of slack are reported as having an impact on the performance and competitiveness of firms – low-discretion slack and high-discretion slack. This study examines the varied relations between these two forms of slack and long-term performance – growth, by investigating the mediating effects of technical innovation capabilities. A survey was conducted on 217 Chinese firms, with data analysed using structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses. The empirical results show no relation of low-discretion slack, while high-discretion slack has a significant association with growth performance via both product innovation capability and process innovation capability.
The performance of structured and unstructured grids on wind simulations around a high-rise building

In this study, computational fluid dynamics has been applied to analyze the performance of both structured and unstructured meshes when used in steady-state simulations of wind in an urban area. This case specifically examines the wind environment around a single high-rise building with the geometry of 1: 1: 2 (length, width, height) within the atmospheric boundary layer.The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations were conducted using OpenFOAM, with grids generated with blockMesh, snappyHexMesh, and Pointwise. A set of coarse meshes and a set of fine meshes were used for comparison.Minor differences in the flow pattern were observed depending on the mesh type used, including the reattachment lengths, the drag coefficients, the velocity profiles, and the positioning of the vortex leeward of the high-rise building. However, the main flow features were the same, indicating that for simulations where overall flow features are of importance there is high flexibility in choice of meshing technique.
The Relation Between Documentation and Internal Quality of Software

Regardless of the software development process used, there are many factors that take place during such process. Those factors may affect positively or negative the internal quality of the resulting software product. In the context of open source software, the success of a project depends on having a community in which people can contribute to expand and improve the project. How modular and easy-to-modify a system is, is one of many factors that developers take into consideration before contributing to a project. Therefore, creators of open source projects need to ensure that their system has certain level of internal quality and modularity in order to make it easier for contributors around the world to modify and extends the system. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect the quality of software product is the first step towards developing software of higher internal quality. This study investigates the effect that factors such as documentation quality, size of a system, and documentation size have on a specific internal quality metric: Coupling Between Objects or CBO. Open Source Software projects were selected for this study. Their internal quality over time was studied as well as the quality and content of their documentation. Finally, a Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed the correlation between documentation quality, size of a system, and documentation size with the metric CBO. Our results suggest a strong positive correlation between the CBO metric and factors such as lines of code, number of modules, and documentation size. Such results indicate that as the size of the system increases (size expressed as lines of code or number of modules), the CBO of the system increases as well. The same is true for amount of documentation files. As it increases, so does the CBO of the system. This study further explains such results and discusses the possible causes of the correlations.
Community Detection based on Autoencoder Reconstruction Similarity Matrix

Community detection plays an important role in various fields. In the existing community detection algorithms, adjacency matrix is widely used in the process of community detection. However, the adjacency matrix cannot show the tightness between nodes and cannot show the characteristics of nodes. To solve this problem, we propose the concept of similarity matrix. We calculate the similarity of any two connected nodes and get the similarity matrix. Then, we use autoencoder to reconstruct the similarity matrix. The reconstructed similarity matrix can better reflect the node features. Based on the reconstructed similarity matrix, we propose a feature distance optimization formula. According to the feature distance optimization formula, we continue to optimize and reconstruct the community until we get the optimal community. Experiments on multiple real data sets show that compared with other classical efficient community detection algorithms, our proposed algorithm is more accurate in community detection.
The influence of Lake Erie on changes in temperature and frost dates

Anthropogenic climate change is affecting virtually all ecosystems across the globe. Some of the noticeable effects of the changing climate are the shifting of frost dates in the fall and spring, and how warm temperatures are distributed throughout the year. The degree to which an ecosystem is affected by these changes depends upon many factors, including where the ecosystem is located and what regional variabilities in climate surround that ecosystem. One ecosystem that experiences a unique microclimate is the region surrounding Lake Erie, the southernmost Laurentian Great Lake. Using historic climate data dating from 1948 to 2017, we set out to determine how changes in temperature and frost dates differ between the coastal and inland regions of the southern coast of Lake Erie, and to hypothesize as to why these effects may be occurring differently between these regions. We found that, for both coastal and inland regions, the first frost in the fall has begun later, while the last frost in the spring has begun earlier, leading to both regions experiencing longer frost‐free seasons. However, although both regions have experienced these shifts, the rate at which these shifts occurred differed between the coastal and inland regions. The average date that the frost events occurred also differs between the two regions. It was also found that average temperatures have been increasing for each region, primarily in coastal regions, due to increased minimum temperatures over time. The results from this study highlight the importance of regional climate variability in large‐scale climatic studies.
Tlr2, Tjp1 genes expression during wound healing dynamics – with melanin treatment

Abstract Wound healing is the complex and dynamic process of replacing devitalized and missing cellular structures and tissue layers. We have previously shown that melanin, herein, produced by the Antarctic black yeast fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunea (Nadsoniella nigra sp. X-1), has expressed a cyto-protective effect, promoted rapid wound healing of various ethiology and can be offered as a new dermatropic drug. The current study was conducted on a rat model of purulent necrotic wound. In each model, one group was a control, while in the others, wound healing occurred without drug application or with administration of 0,5% carbopol or with both 0,5% carbopol and 0,1% melanin. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in skin gomogenate in dynamics on 3, 6, 9, 14 and day of full epithelization was estimated using the spectrophotometric biochemical method. Moreover, so as to understand the role played by the Tlr2 and Tjp1 in the process of wound healing and scar formation, Tlr2, Tjp1gene expression and genetic mRNA was determined with quantitative RT-PCR. The application of our pharmacological composition stimulated the decrease of Tlr2 and Tjp1 gene expression against the background of suppression of free radical processes (reduction of superoxide anion radical content) with epithelization and without scarring. The results of this study have shown the positive effects of melanin on wound healing. The obtained results indicate the advisability of applying melanin for the treatment of inflammatory processes.
The 3rd wave AI requirements

We review 3 rd Waves of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The 1st Wave is 5 decades ago MIT Marvin Minsky with Seymour Papert proposed rule based “Perception”: “If so so, Then so so” system against the brain base “Perception” by Cornell Frank Rosenblat (1928-1971). The 2nd Wave is circa March 15 2016 “learn-able Rule Based system” with supervised learning with labeled data “from A to B” that Alpha-Go Brain had beat human (Korean genius Lee Sedol) in Go Chess Games (democratic black-white territorial game) 4 to 1. The revolution is due to (1) Massive Parallel Distributed (MPD) Compute (e.g. miniaturized GPU, as PC backplane), (2) matching MPD software (without the need of slow-down inner do-loop, Python: Tensor Flow, e.g. Stanford Course RA, MIT AGI), and (3) immense amount training data (e.g. in the Cloud, or Tesla Model 3-new Electrek collecting real world driving data from owners paid inexpensively at $35K). The paper describes 3rd Wave of AI that has human Fuzzy
TGFβ superfamily signaling regulates the state of human stem cell pluripotency and competency to create telencephalic organoids

Telencephalic organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are emerging as an effective system to study the distinct features of the developing human brain and the underlying causes of many neurological disorders. While progress in organoid technology has been steadily advancing, many challenges remain including rampant batch-to-batch and cell line-to-cell line variability and irreproducibility. Here, we demonstrate that a major contributor to successful cortical organoid production is the manner in which hPSCs are maintained prior to differentiation. Optimal results were achieved using fibroblast-feeder-supported hPSCs compared to feeder-independent cells, related to differences in their transcriptomic states. Feeder-supported hPSCs display elevated activation of diverse TGFβ superfamily signaling pathways and increased expression of genes associated with naïve pluripotency. We further identify combinations of TGFβ-related growth factors that are necessary and together sufficient to impart broad telencephalic organoid competency to feeder-free hPSCs and enable reproducible formation of brain structures suitable for disease modeling. HIGHLIGHTS hPSC maintenance conditions influence outcomes in cortical organoid formation Identification of an intermediate pluripotency state optimal for cortical organoids Feeder support involves activation of diverse TGFβ signaling pathways The organoid-promoting effects of feeders can be mimicked by a TGFβ factor mixture
Provision of trauma care in Ministry of Public Health Hospitals Regional Health 3 Thailand

Road accident tends to rise, resulting in enormous loss of lives and assets. According to statistics of deaths from road accident from The World Health Organization found that Thailand mortality rate was 38.1 deaths per 100,000 populations and 3rd in the world ranking. The purpose of this report was to study the situation of trauma care process in Ministry of Public Health hospitals in regional health 3 through mixed methodology research. 390 traumatic patients were randomized from Emergency Department and 59 of administrators and staffs were interviewed and group discussed. The result found that most traumatic patients were urgent. The average time of care in Emergency Department was 86.4 minutes. Most were highly satisfied to the services. Most traumatic patients entered to hospital privately. Patients who came with ambulance would communicate directly through emergency call of 1669 in trust of the safety system. The problems of Emergency Room management were insufficient of medical personnel especially emergency physicians and inadequate of referral system, budgets, equipment and information system including lacking of coordinated work and integrations with Fast Responder unit of other local government and foundations. The policy recommendations from this study were Ministry of Public Health and Emergency Medical Institute should long-term plan to support emergency physicians and other medical personnel for hospitals in any level in 5-10 years. Including encouragement of local government to participate in developing of emergency system. Keywords— Medical emergency, Trauma care, Ministry of Public Health Hospitals, Accident, Emergency Department.
Control and Modulation of the Hybrid Cascaded Converter Based on Distributed Architecture

This article investigates the grid-connected hybrid cascaded converter which is based on distributed architecture. Different from conventional centralized architecture, this article decentralizes not only the control but also the modulation to simplify the implementation of the entire system. Despite the simplification, the proposed scheme can achieve wide operating range and good output quality. Several laboratory test results are provided to verify the feasibility of the discussed system.