Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an Obstacle Detection and Avoidance System for ROV

Unmanned underwater vehicles, such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are commonly used for inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) missions in the oil and gas industry. This is a cost-driven industry and advances in autonomy is a key factor to reduce the mission expenses. Collision avoidance is one of the main challenges in the field of AUVs. In this thesis a system for detecting obstacles and planning a new path around the obstacles is proposed. The system is divided into three modules: an object detection module, a collision avoidance module and a guidance module. The object detection module uses a single-beam mechanically scanning sonar to populate a probabilistic occupancy grid. The sonar data is related to the probability of occupancy through a dynamic inverse-sonar model. The occupancy grid is vehicle-fixed and thus position or velocity data is needed for translating and turning the grid. The translation and rotation is archived using an image processing technique known as affine transformation. A global occupancy grid has to account for the growth of the positional uncertainty, and thus the accuracy of the map will fall over time. With a local map the obstacles will be correctly located with respect to the vehicle, which is sufficient for the purpose of collision avoidance. The obstacles are detected through a contour detection algorithm. The detected contours are then expanded to make a safety margin around the obstacles. The collision avoidance module compares the current path with the detected obstacles and initiates a path recalculation if they coincide. The path recalculation is done with a combination of Voronoi diagrams and a modified version of Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. Once a new path is calculated, it is smoothed using Fermat’s spiral and sent to the guidance system. The guidance system is a classic line of sight guidance scheme, with a velocity dependent lookahead distance. The velocity guidance uses the path curvature as an input parameter. This enables the guidance system to reduce the commanded velocity when sharp turns are detected. Several simulations were performed and the complete system was tested on a ROV stationed on the Snorre B oil field. During the field experiments, it was confirmed that a mechanically scanning single-beam sonar is sufficient as the only sensor for detecting and avoiding obstacles in an underwater environment. The technology is also applicable to AUVs as the calculated paths have a continuous curvature. Regarding further developments of this system, it is suggested to look into other guidance schemes, such as trajectory tracking. The object detection system would benefit from introducing additional sensors, such as cameras for detection of close obstacles.
ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION AND VIABILITY WITH TECHNETIUM-99m METHOXYISOBUTYL ISONITRILE*,t

tomographic imaging (SPECT) before and 6-14 days after thrombolytic therapy. Thus, these clinical studies demonstrate the feasibility of serial Tc-99m Sestamibi imaging to determine risk area during coronary occlusion and degree of myocardial salvage after thrombolysis in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction.
Partner violence, power and gender differences in South African adolescents’ HIV/STI behaviors

Objectives— Low relationship power and victimization by intimate partner violence (IPV) have been linked to HIV risks among adult females and adolescent girls. This article examines associations of IPV and relationship power with sexual-risk behaviors and whether the associations differ by gender among South African adolescents. Methods— Sexual-risk behaviors (multiple partners in past 3 months; condom use at last sex), IPV, and relationship power were collected from 786 sexually experienced adolescents (mean age = 16.9) in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa during the 54-month follow-up of a HIV/STI risk-reduction intervention trial. Logistic regression examined associations of sexual-risk behaviors with IPV and relationship power and whether the associations differed by gender. Results— Adolescent boys were less likely to report condom use at last sex (p=.001) and more likely to report multiple partners (p< .001). A Gender x IPV interaction (p=.002) revealed that as IPV victimization increased, self-reported condom use at last sex decreased among girls, but increased among boys. A Gender x Relationship Power interaction (p=.004) indicated that as relationship power increased, self-reported condom use at last sex increased among girls, but decreased among boys. A Gender x IPV interaction (p=.004) indicated that as IPV victimization increased, self-reports of having multiple partners increased among boys, but not among girls. As relationship power increased, self-reports of having multiple partners decreased irrespective of gender. Conclusions— HIV risk-reduction interventions and policies should address gender differences in sexual-risk consequences of IPV and relationship power among adolescents and promote gender equity.
MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY UNDER THE JOINT EFFECT OF MUTATION, SELECTION AND RANDOM DRIFT*

Formulae are developed for the distribution of allele frequencies (the frequency spectrum), the mean number of alleles in a sample, and the mean and variance of heterozygosity under mutation pressure and under either genic or recessive selection. Numerical computations are carried out by using these formulae and WATTERSON’S (1977) formula for the distribution of allele frequencies under overdominant selection. The following properties are observed: (1) The effect of selection on the distribution of allele frequencies is slight when 4Ns 2 4, but becomes strong when 4Ns becomes larger than IO, where N denotes the effective size and s the selective difference between alleles. Genic selection and recessive selection tend to force the distribution to be U-shaped, whereas overdominant selection has the opposite tendency. (2) The mean total number of alleles in a sample is much more strongly affected by selection than the mean number of rare alleles in a sample. (3) Even slight heterozygote advantage, as small as 10-5, increases considerably the mean heterozygosity of a population, as compared to the case of neutral mutations. On the other hand, even slight genic or recessive selection causes a great reduction in heterozygosity when population size is large. (4) As a test statistic, the variance of heterozygosity can be used to detect the presence of selection, though it is not efficient when the selection intensity is very weak, say when 4Ns is around 4 or less. A model, which is somewhat similar to OHTA’S (1976) model of slightly deleterious mutations, has been proposed to explain the following general patterns of genic variation: (i) There seems to be an upper limit for the observed average heterozygosities. (ii) The distribution of allele frequencies is U-shaped for every species surveyed. (iii) Most of the species surveyed tend to have an excess of rare alleles as compared
Quantification, Localization, and Tissue Specificities of Mouse Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Mitochondria play a critical role in many different pathologic conditions. Increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may provide an etiologic link between mitochondria and pathologics. The widespread use of laboratory mice as models for a host of human diseases makes the quantification and localization of ROS production from mice an important endeavor. This chapter presents approaches to the quantification and localization of ROS from mouse brain, liver, and beta cell mitochondria. Techniques for the isolation of mitochondria and mitochondrial fractions and the subsequent quantification of ROS with Amplex Red or a FACS-based method on intact cells are described. were then placed into sterile 12 × 75-mm polystyrene tubes (BD Falcon). Cells were stained with annexin V (5 μ l) and either Sytox Green (1 μ l) or 7-AAD (5 μ l) for the detection of dead and apoptotic cells. Results were collected with a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences). With MitoSOX Red we collected events with FL-2 and -3 to collect MitoSOX Red, FL-1 for Sytox Green, and FL-4 for annexin V. With H 2 DCFDA we collected events with FL-1 for H 2 DCFDA, FL-3 for 7-AAD, and FL-4 for annexin V. Note: We have not observed an increase in beta cell ROS production with antimycin A.
A Survey on Cloud Computing Applications in Smart Distribution Systems

Abstract The distribution systems, considering the Smart Grid concept, shall undergo a profound transformation in the next years to enable a more robust, reliable, sustainable, efficient, and economical system. This modernization can only be achieved with the pervasive use of Information and Communications Technologies in order to integrate and manage this whole system. In this way, cloud computing has been envisioned as a technology capable of making possible this integration, providing distributed data storage and parallel processing. In this paper, the potential applications of cloud computing in smart distribution systems are highlighted, presenting an overview of the main related researches in the topic. It is also described the main technologies and innovations that will support the smart distribution systems, as well as the foundations of cloud computing.
Epigenetic regulation of the Ink4a-Arf ( Cdkn2a ) tumor suppressor locus in the initiation and progression of Notch1 driven T-ALL

Activating mutations of NOTCH1 and deletion of the INK4A-ARF ( CDKN2A ) tumor suppressor locus are two of the most frequent genetic alterations in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In a murine model of T-ALL induced by the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the genetic interaction between ICN1 signaling and Arf inactivation is developmentally stage-specific, with a more pronounced requirement for Arf deletion in thymocytes than in bone marrow precursors targeted for transformation. In the thymus, the target cell for transformation is a CD4 and CD8 double-negative progenitor that undergoes T cell receptor beta chain rearrangement, a cell type in which polycomb silencing of Ink4a-Arf is normally requisite. Epigenetic remodeling during tumor progression licenses Arf as a tumor suppressor and in turn provides the selective pressure for Ink4a-Arf deletion in clonal T-ALLs that emerge.
AVARAC: An Availability-Based Resource Allocation Scheme for Vehicular Cloud

Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are comprised of multiple technologies that are applied to improve the quality of transport, offering services and applications that will monitor, manage the transportation systems, and increase the level of comfort and safety for passengers and drivers. ITSs services are available for vehicular users through the infrastructure, based on the vehicular network. Furthermore, they can use a vehicular cloud to take advantage of all the resources that a cloud can provide. To achieve this, the ITSs require a mechanism that will aggregate and manage all the available resources provided by the vehicles. Moreover, the aggregation and allocation resource schemes must address the characteristics of the vehicular network to attempt all the quality of service requirements. Therefore, one of the greatest challenges lies in managing the allocation and aggregation of vehicle resources when there is no external infrastructure that will support the system. Hence, we propose an aggregate and allocate resource approach to maximize the availability of service. For this, we formulate the problem through the semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) that will provide an optimal solution for the aggregation and allocation problem. Moreover, we use an average reward function and iterative algorithm to solve the SMDP. The results show that the proposed approach showed stable behavior regardless of the frequency of receiving requests for service. Furthermore, the proposed solution has high average reward when compared to other work in the paper.
Rapid Publication Interleukin 1 Gene Expression in Adult T Cell Leukemia

Yuji Wano,* Toshio Hattori,* Masao Matsuoka,t Kiyoshi Takatsuki,t Anne 0. Chua,l Ueli Gubler,§ and Warner C. Greene* *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department ofMedicine, Duke University School ofMedicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; *Second Department ofMedicine, Kumamoto University Medical School, Kumamoto 860, Japan; and Department ofMolecular Genetics, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110
Effects of normalization errors on size distributions obtained from dynamic light scattering data

This paper presents a study of the influence of normalization errors on size distributions obtained from the analysis of intensity fluctuations by photon correlation spectroscopy. The effects of these errors are demonstrated by means of computer-gener-ated autocorrelation functions simulating light scattered from a monomodal Schulz distribution of small, spherical, unilamellar lipid vesicles. The calculations show that even small errors in the baseline, modifying the data upon normalization systematically, will cause serious errors in the estimated size distribution. As it turns out this is due to the peculiar characteristics of normalization errors in data of the first order autocorrelation function. The errors introduced there are described in parts by functions of the delay time having positive exponents. Such components are not considered in the integral equations commonly used to analyze the measured data. The error's property to be a function of delay time in turn enables us to obtain the relative baseline error from the inversion of the data. The new method for its determination is described in some detail. Here, it has been realized with a modified version of the size distribution algorithm CONTIN.
ANALYZING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AND IDENTIFYING CORE TOPICS FOR THE “INTERNET OF THINGS” BASED ON NETWORK ANALYSIS AND TOPIC MODELING

The study of the “Internet of Things (IoT)” has been consistently evolving and rapidly expanding in the last decade. This research aims to examine the international collaboration among countries, identify major research areas and core topics in IoT-related studies, and exploit their relationships and dynamic changes over time. International collaboration is analyzed based on the collaboration ratio and centrality measures obtained from the collaboration network. To identify major research areas and core topics, we employ a two-layer approach: main research areas are determined by word co-occurrence analysis based on titles and author-provided keywords; core topics are found using a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), which is a well-known topic model that automatically discovers latent topics pervading a large collection of documents. We identify eight main research areas and 20 core topics from 8,582 research papers published from 2003 to 2015. Topic trends are also analyzed by modeling the topic proportions over time as a simple linear regression to determine hot and cold topics. A topic network integrating the discovered main research areas and core topics is also constructed to identify meaningful relationships among them. The findings of this study are expected to provide a summarized picture with helpful implications at a glance for academic researchers, industrial stakeholders, and governmental policy makers.
Product improvement based on online reviews from product designer’s perspective

With the popularity of online shopping, the number of online reviews has greatly increased. Online reviews have become a major factor influencing consumer shopping behaviour and have become one of the references for product designers to improve their products. It is difficult for product designers to obtain useful information for improving products from mass reviews. From the perspective of product design, the article establishes a product improvement model. First, in order to filter noise effectively, this paper uses word2vec and cosine distance to convert words into emotional word vectors innovatively. Then the emotional vector is used as the input of the GRU(Gated recurrent units) neural network for emotional classification. Finally, we propose a product improvement strategy from a product designer’s perspective combined with a joint analysis model. In addition, we conducted case studies using new methods in Disneyland’s online reviews. Case studies show the effectiveness of the method.
Real estate advertising campaigns in the context of natural hazards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how advertising is used by real estate companies as an instrument for managing the adverse effects of a catastrophe. Design/methodology/approach Through a theoretical analysis, types of post-disaster advertising messages were identified. On the basis of the likely variations in post-disaster advertising, a content analysis was conducted of a sample of 4,150 property print advertisements to identify advertising messages related to the earthquake. Finally, the message changes in these earthquake-related advertisements were evaluated and compared with the dimension of time to explore the development of advertising strategies. Findings The authors found that 12 types of advertising messages were used by developers in response to the Wenchuan earthquake. The initial advertising strategy was mainly to manage public relations, then the strategy was to reduce or compensate for the increased earthquake risk perceptions of buyers. Practical implications The findings provide valuable references for helping enterprises adopt effective advertising messages and strategies to reduce the negative effects of disasters. Originality/value There are only a few studies on advertising campaigns, especially in the real estate industry, that have been conducted in the wake of catastrophes. This study sought to expand upon the scarce findings in this particular field.
reality tals in the regions of Lisboa and Vale do Tejo : the Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental and the Centro Hospitalar Médio Tejo

Rev Esc Enferm USP 2014; 48(4):691-8 www.ee. usp.br/reeusp/ Ferreira MRSCF, Martins JJPA Study of adaptation and validation of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index for the Portuguese reality RESUmEn Objetivo: Validar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en portugués de la escala Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Método: Estudio descriptivo, analítico, transversal de la adaptación cultural y validación de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala. Participaron 236 enfermeros de dos centros hospitalarios de la regiones de Lisboa y Vale do Tejo. Resultados: Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.92 para la confiabilidad general, y la sustentación de una estructura en cinco dimensiones. Conclusión: La excelente calidad del ajuste del análisis corrobora la validez de la versión adaptada a los contextos de atención hospitalarios, aunque no existe una coincidencia plena de los ítems en las cinco dimensiones.
A Review of Optical Routers in Photonic Networks-on-Chip: A Literature Survey

Due to the increasing growth of processing cores in complex computational systems, all the connection converted bottleneck for all systems. With the protection of progressing and constructing complex photonic connection on chip, optical data transmission is the best choice for replacing with electrical interconnection for the reason of gathering connection with a high bandwidth and insertion loss on chip was mentioned. Optical routers play an important role in the Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC), which are responsible for selecting the path between optical signal source and the destination. In recent years, silicon optical routers based on Micro-Ring Resonators (MRRs) and Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) have been proposed. The design of optical switches is desirable by using of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. This is while that Micro Ring Resonator Switches have low bandwidth, whereas Mach-Zehnder Interferometer switches have wide bandwidth inherently. Mach-Zehnder Interferometer switches are able to routing with high speed for data transmission with Nano second switching time. This is while, that MRR switches in compare to MZIs has the less power consumption and area consumption. On the other hand we can divide optical routers into parts, A. general router and B. specific- router, so that in specific routers, some of I/O paths for the reason of avoiding deadlock had be omitted. In continue, several kinds of optical router based on MZI and MRR along with researching a series of parameters was mentioned.
Effect of Insulin and Metformin Combination on Hepatic Steatosis in Type 2 Diabetes: Treatment of hepatic steatosis in diabetes

Objective— Hepatic steatosis occurs in up to 78% of patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies evaluating the effect of metformin on hepatic steatosis are conflicting. Insulin is believed to be detrimental due to its lipogenic effect. Since insulin and metformin combination is commonly used for the treatment diabetes, it is important to assess the effect of this combined therapy on hepatic steatosis. We evaluated the change in hepatic steatosis following initiation of insulin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods— Newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes had their hepatic triglyceride (TG) content measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and after 3 months of treatment with BiAsp 30 insulin in combination with metformin. Insulin was administered twice daily and titrated to achieve normal capillary blood glucose levels. Metformin was titrated during the first month from 500 mg daily to 1000 mg twice-daily. Results— The average hepatic TG content in the 19 subjects enrolled was 11.83%±7.61% (range 0.93% to 23.16%)] and correlated with BMI (r=0.567). Three months of treatment reduced hepatic steatosis by 45%, with 75% of the study subjects achieving a normal level. The change in hepatic TG content was partially explained by the change in HbA1c (p=0.006) and change in cholesterol level (p=0.003). Conclusions— The combined treatment with insulin and metformin reduced significantly hepatic steatosis in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
CRBs for direction‐of‐departure and direction‐of‐arrival estimation in collocated MIMO radar in the presence of unknown spatially coloured noise

This study gives explicit closed-form expressions of the stochastic Cramer–Rao bounds (STO-CRBs) on direction-of-departure and direction-of-arrival estimation accuracies for collocated multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar with unknown spatially coloured noise. In some special cases, i.e. the CRB of direction estimation accuracy for monostatic MIMO radar, the white noise scenario is discussed. Theoretical comparisons between the STO-CRBs and the deterministic ones are presented. Finally, these bounds are numerically compared.