Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Various Spacing Policies for Longitudinal Control of Automated Vehicles

An automated vehicle controls its throttle and brake systems on the basis of the spacing policy, which is used to control the distance between vehicles. The spacing policy is required for maintaining a desirable state of vehicle movement in consideration of the movement of preceding vehicles. Because a spacing policy significantly influences the performance of automated vehicles, various spacing policies have been proposed. Previous studies have mostly focused on string stability, safety of the subject vehicle, and traffic capacity rather than on similarity to human driving behavior. However, developing automated vehicles with movements similar to vehicles driven by humans is important for automated vehicles that travel with manual vehicles driven by human drivers. In this study, the authors propose a risk-based spacing policy based on the microscopic analysis of the relationship between collision risk and driving behavior. The proposed spacing policy was simulated with real trajectory data and compared with the four existing spacing policies in vehicle operation characteristics, shock wave attenuation, and safety. To consider the effect of the market penetration rate of automated vehicles, the spacing policies were compared under the condition of an increased number of automated vehicles. The results show that the proposed spacing policy can significantly suppress shock waves. With the shock wave suppression, the newly proposed spacing policy can improve road safety, and its positive effect will grow as the market penetration rate of automated vehicles increases.
Compact circularly polarized ZOR and for antenna employing crlh transmission lines

A metamaterial‐inspired dual‐band antenna with circular polarization is presented in this article. To achieve composite right/left‐hand (CRLH) resonance and circularly polarized (CP) properties, three meander lines act as the shunt inductance, and two slots act as series capacitance. The asymmetric CRLH antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) realizes zeroth‐order resonance and first‐order resonance. The dual‐band and CP antenna can work in a 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth as much as 8.5% (2.26–2.46 GHz), and 3.0% (3.90–4.02 GHz). Compared with the recently reported metamaterial antennas, the proposed antenna achieves a smaller size, wider CP bandwidth, and higher gain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:964–969, 2016
Single-look light-burden superresolution differential SAR tomography

Research and application is spreading of techniques of coherent combination of complex-valued synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to extract rich information even on complex observed scenes, fully exploiting existing SAR data archives, and new satellites. Among such techniques, SAR tomography stems from multibaseline interferometry to achieve full-3D imaging through elevation beamforming (spatial spectral estimation). The Tomo concept has been integrated with the mature differential interferometry, producing the new differential tomography (Diff-Tomo) processing mode, that allows ‘opening’ the SAR cells in complex non-stationary scenes, resolving multiple heights and slow deformation velocities of layover scatterers. Consequently, the operational capability limit of differential interferometry to the single scatterer case is overcome. Diff-Tomo processing is cast in a 2D baseline-time spectral analysis framework, with sparse sampling. The use of adaptive 2D spectral estimation has demonstrated to allow joint baseline-time processing with reduced sidelobes and enhanced height–velocity resolution at low computational burden. However, this method requires coherent multilooking processing, thus does not produce full range-azimuth resolution products, as it would be desirable for urban applications. A new single-look adaptive Diff-Tomo processor is presented and tested with satellite data, allowing full range-azimuth resolution together with height–velocity sidelobe reduction and superresolution capabilities and the low computational burden.
Forensic investigation of OneDrive, Box, GoogleDrive and Dropbox applications on Android and iOS devices

In today’s Internet-connected world, mobile devices are increasingly used to access cloud storage services, which allow users to access data anywhere, anytime. Mobile devices have, however, been known to be used and/or targeted by cyber criminals to conduct malicious activities, such as data exfiltration, malware, identity theft, piracy, illegal trading, sexual harassment, cyber stalking and cyber terrorism. Consequently, mobile devices are an increasing important source of evidence in digital investigations. In this paper, we examine four popular cloud client apps, namely OneDrive, Box, GoogleDrive, and Dropbox, on both Android and iOS platforms (two of the most popular mobile operating systems). We identify artefacts of forensic interest, such as information generated during login, uploading, downloading, deletion, and the sharing of files. These findings may assist forensic examiners and practitioners in real-world examination of cloud client applications on Android and iOS platforms.
A longitudinal CA2/3 to CA1 circuit for initiating context-dependent associative learning

Associating environmental context with emotional experience is a vital brain function that requires the activity in both dorsal and ventral hippocampus. While only ventral hippocampus connects with the amygdala, a hub for fear learning, it remains unclear how the two hippocampal areas interact during contextual fear conditioning (CFC). We found that projections from dorsal CA2/CA3 (dCA2/3) to the dorsal part of ventral CA1 (vCA1d) contributed significantly to CFC. Deep-brain Ca2+ imaging revealed a CFC-enhanced difference in neuronal activities evoked by conditioned vs. neutral environmental context in both dCA2/3 and vCA1d areas. Notably, contextual fear retrieval correlated with changes in conditioned context-evoked activity in vCA1d, but not in dCA2/3. Furthermore, slice recordings showed that CFC potentiated dCA2/3-to-vCA1d projection strength, in line with coordinated elevation of monosynaptic excitation and reduction of disynaptic inhibition mediated by somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Thus, vCA1d represents a critical site for initiating emotional association with contextual information from dCA2/3.
Spectral-Spatial Residual Network for Fusing Hyperspectral and Panchromatic Remote Sensing Images

Fusing hyperspectral and panchromatic remote sensing images can obtain the images with high resolution in both spectral and spatial domains. In addition, it can complement the deficiency of high-resolution hyperspectral and panchromatic remote sensing images. In this paper, a spectral–spatial residual network (SSRN) model is established for the intelligent fusion of hyperspectral and panchromatic remote sensing images. Firstly, the spectral–spatial deep feature branches are built to extract the representative spectral and spatial deep features, respectively. Secondly, an enhanced multi-scale residual network is established for the spatial deep feature branch. In addition, an enhanced residual network is established for the spectral deep feature branch This operation is adopted to enhance the spectral and spatial deep features. Finally, this method establishes the spectral–spatial deep feature simultaneity to circumvent the independence of spectral and spatial deep features. The proposed model was evaluated on three groups of real-world hyperspectral and panchromatic image datasets which are collected with a ZY-1E sensor and are located at Baiyangdian, Chaohu and Dianchi, respectively. The experimental results and quality evaluation values, including RMSE, SAM, SCC, spectral curve comparison, PSNR, SSIM ERGAS and Q metric, confirm the superior performance of the proposed model compared with the state-of-the-art methods, including AWLP, CNMF, GIHS, MTF_GLP, HPF and SFIM methods.
Responsive strategies of three sympatric small rodents to the altitudinal effects on microhabitats

This study evaluated the effects of altitudinal gradients on small-rodent populations and microhabitat conditions. We selected three altitudinal bands: lowland, mid-land, and highland. We captured three small-rodent species, the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), the Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae), and the red-backed vole (Myodes regulus). A. agrarius preferred microhabitats with dense ground vegetation and sparse mid-story vegetation, basal area, downed trees, and stone coverage. A. peninsulae utilized ground vegetation, overstory vegetation, and downed trees. M. regulus occupied microhabitats with abundant stone coverage and little ground vegetation coverage. Ground vegetation coverage was higher in the mid-land. The lowland was characterized by high understory vegetation, bulky downed trees, and high stone coverage. A. agrarius mostly occupied the mid-land, whereas A. peninsulae and M. regulus mainly inhabited the lowland. Our results show that each small-rodent species had its own strategy for utilizing the key habitat factors in altitudinally affected microhabitats and for reducing competition among the populations. This finding contributes to improving knowledge of the ecological altitudinal features of microhabitat conditions, as well as the altitudinal distributions and abundances of three small-rodent species.
Application of Knowledge Distillation Based on Transfer Learning of ERNIE Model in Intelligent Dialogue Intention Recognition

The ‘intention’ classification of a user question is an important element of a task-engine driven chatbot. The essence of a user question’s intention understanding is the text classification. The transfer learning, such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and ERNIE (Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration), has put the text classification task into a new level, but the BERT and ERNIE model are difficult to support high QPS (queries per second) intelligent dialogue systems due to computational performance issues. In reality, the simple classification model usually shows a high computational performance, but they are limited by low accuracy. In this paper, we use knowledge of the ERNIE model to distill the FastText model; the ERNIE model works as a teacher model to predict the massive online unlabeled data for data enhancement, and then guides the training of the student model of FastText with better computational efficiency. The FastText model is distilled by the ERNIE model in chatbot intention classification. This not only guarantees the superiority of its original computational performance, but also the intention classification accuracy has been significantly improved.
Diversity Monitoring of Coexisting Birds in Urban Forests by Integrating Spectrograms and Object-Based Image Analysis

In the context of rapid urbanization, urban foresters are actively seeking management monitoring programs that address the challenges of urban biodiversity loss. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has attracted attention because it allows for the collection of data passively, objectively, and continuously across large areas and for extended periods. However, it continues to be a difficult subject due to the massive amount of information that audio recordings contain. Most existing automated analysis methods have limitations in their application in urban areas, with unclear ecological relevance and efficacy. To better support urban forest biodiversity monitoring, we present a novel methodology for automatically extracting bird vocalizations from spectrograms of field audio recordings, integrating object-based classification. We applied this approach to acoustic data from an urban forest in Beijing and achieved an accuracy of 93.55% (±4.78%) in vocalization recognition while requiring less than ⅛ of the time needed for traditional inspection. The difference in efficiency would become more significant as the data size increases because object-based classification allows for batch processing of spectrograms. Using the extracted vocalizations, a series of acoustic and morphological features of bird-vocalization syllables (syllable feature metrics, SFMs) could be calculated to better quantify acoustic events and describe the soundscape. A significant correlation between the SFMs and biodiversity indices was found, with 57% of the variance in species richness, 41% in Shannon’s diversity index and 38% in Simpson’s diversity index being explained by SFMs. Therefore, our proposed method provides an effective complementary tool to existing automated methods for long-term urban forest biodiversity monitoring and conservation.
STANDARDIZING SOURCE CODE SECURITY AUDITS

A source code security audit is a powerful methodology for locating and removing security vulnerabilities. An audit can be used to (1) pass potentially prioritized list of vulnerabilities to developers (2) exploit vulnerabilities or (3) provide proof-of-concepts for potential vulnerabilities. The security audit research currently remains disjoint with minor discussion of methodologies utilized in the field. This paper assembles a broad array of literature to promote standardizing source code security audits techniques. It, then, explores a case study using the aforementioned techniques. The case study analyzes the security for a stable version of the Apache Traffic Server (ATS). The study takes a white to gray hat point of view as it reports vulnerabilities located by two popular proprietary tools, examines and connects potential vulnerabilities with a standard community-driven taxonomy, and describes consequences for exploiting the vulnerabilities. A review of other security-driven case studies concludes this research.
Human Factors and Trainability of Piloting a Simulated Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In 2004, the U.S. Army Research Institute's (ARI) Simulator Systems Research Unit began studies involving the training requirements for operators of a micro-unmanned aerial vehicle (MAV). Our research involved the use of a touch-screen operator control interface developed for the DARPA MAV Advanced Technology Demonstration. This control system allowed operators to plan and run autonomous flight missions or to tele-operate a simulated MAV around a static synthetic environment. An initial study focused primarily on the usability of the system. Extensive heuristic evaluations were conducted by seven volunteers with backgrounds in human factors and military training systems. Each evaluator completed a self-paced training session including exercises that tested their ability to perform various control functions. Lack of immediate feedback from touch-screen inputs and missing or obscure status information formed the basis of several of the usability issues. Manually piloting the MAV presented the most difficulty to operators. As such, a second study was conducted that focused specifically on manual control tasks. In this study, participants were trained on manual control of the MAV, and then completed four increasingly difficult missions, requiring them to pilot the vehicle through the synthetic environment. This experiment was designed to compare the effect of supplemental sensor imagery on mission performance. During Study 1, operators could choose to view a sensor image taken from a fixed camera pointed 15 degrees below horizontal or straight down (90 degrees), but only one view was available at a time. During Study 2, operators were provided with three sensor views simultaneously. The 15-degree view was presented in a primary sensor window, and two additional views were displayed in smaller windows below it. The camera angle of one of these supplemental views was the manipulated independent variable — 30, 60, or 90 degrees from horizontal. The remaining window always contained an overhead satellite view (downward view from 5000 feet above the MAV). Data were collected on time to complete each mission, the number of physical interactions each user made with the interface, SME ratings, workload, and usability. Results indicated that mission requirements had a greater effect on performance and workload ratings than the camera angle of the supplemental view, though the camera angle of the supplemental view did affect mission time required to capture images of designated target buildings. Session averages of workload, usability, mission completion time, and SME rating were significantly inter-correlated. Higher SME ratings were associated with lower participant ratings of workload, shorter mission completion times, and higher usability ratings.
Some Considerations on Water Impact Pressure

Water impact of wedges and cones is a very essential phenomenon to wave impact loads on ships. For many years, invesigations on water impact pressure on wedges and other models such as ships have been carried out extensively, and today some methods are proposed to predict wave impact loads on ships, whose application might be limited.But, we still have problems about water impact pressure, one of which is scaling law of water impact pressure. It has been pointed out that there might be discrepancy between test data and the scaling law.The author carried out water impact test of a wedge to study scaling law of water impact pressure. The test result implies (1) Water impact pressure may obey Wagner's water impact theory of wedges, (2) The test data might be modulated by pressure gages.Accoding to the assumption that impact pressure obeys Wagner's theory, response of pressure gage was analyzed. The response of pressure gage showed very good agreement with the test data. This means the assumption is true, but to assure it, it must be recognized for, other test data.The purpose of this paper is to show that the same assumption can be applied successfully to other test results.S. L. Chuang performed investigations on water impact of wedges and cones. He compared the test data with theories on the basis of the velocity at the moment when the model touched the water surface.In order to compare the test data with theories rigorously, the velocity at the moment when the pressure gage comes across the water surface must be used.Therfore, in this paper, equation of motion of falling body must be solved with reaction forces given by the impact theory to get actual impact velocity which is the velocity at the moment when the pressure gage comes across the water surface.Water impact theories are given by H. Wagner for wedges, and also given by S. L. Chuang for cones.Characteristics of pressure gages are very simple in this case. The natural frequency is more than 200 kHz, and the diaphragm is thought rigid. The output of the gage can be assumed to be proportional to the forces acting on the diaphragm.At first, impact peak pressures are given by the theory using actual impact velocity, then they are modified by characteristics of the pressure gage. The results correspond to the measured data in water impact tests.The comparison between the test data and the calculated data under the assumption showed very good agreement for all impact angles and impact velocities but very small impact angles.Now, we may be able to conclude that the water impact pressure on wedges and cones obeys the theory by Wagner or Chuang.
The use of analytical hierarchy process in priority rating of pavement maintenance

Decision makers often perform pavements repairs without considering the maintenance priority and without utilizing a systematic procedure. These kinds of arbitrary decisions do not usually guarantee the effectiveness of budget allocation.Rating approach in Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the most effective techniques in decision making process which was used to facilitate the prioritization of alternatives on the basis of important parameters like pavement condition index, traffic volume and road type. In this study, relative weights of criteria, sub-criteria and inconsistency rate in each pairwise comparison matrix were calculated with the help of MATLAB software, coded M-Files as well as Expert Choice software. Finally, with Ideal-Mode synthesizing in Expert Choice software, final weights for all criteria and sub-criteria were obtained. As a case study, a number of streets in district number 6 of Tehran municipality (Iran) were selected and the final rating model was run to determine the maintenance priority index for 131 sections. It was concluded that based on the existing conditions, the rating approach in AHP method prioritized the impaired sections for maintenance easily and effectively.
Optimality account of the decomposition of fricatives

This paper analyzes various cases of consonantal decomposition in interlanguage mapping within the framework of Optimality Theory. During the analyses, we argue that the preservation of the (major) place property takes the most crucial role in the segmental decomposition in interlanguage mapping. As for the Japanese adaptation of /f/ which is adapted as (orthographically at least) lacking labiality, we posit this Japanese fricative as /ɸ/ [1] preserving the labiality and show the inviolability of the constraint Max-Place. Then we compare the indirect adaptation of the English /f/, i.e., via Anglo-Japanese /ɸ/, with the direct loan adaptation in Korean. In the indirect (old) adaptation, the labial fricative /ɸ/ is decomposed as the fricative /h/ and the labial vowel /u/ (or /w/) (e.g., /ɸɯri:/フリ → /huri/ ‘free’ 후리), while the direct (new) loan pattern shows the /f/ → /ph/ mapping (e.g., /phɨri/ ‘free’ 프리). Here we observe not only the inviolability of Max-Place but also the demotion of Ident[cont] at the level of direct loan adaptation. We thus claim that our current analysis supports the Stratal OT [2], regarding the levels of adaptation. As for the inviolability of Max-Place, we also discuss how the Russian /f/ is decomposed in the loan adaptation in Yakut (e.g., Fjodor → /syøder/ ‘male name’)
MENAKAR PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BISNIS FINTECH SYARIAH MELALUI LAPS

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguraikan peluang dan tantangan penyelesaain sengketa bisnis fintech melalui Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (LAPS) di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini pendekatan legal research dan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu dengan mengkaji sumber data primer dan sekunder terkait peraturan-peraturan tentang penyelesaian sengketa bisnis di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan fintech berperan dalam mendorong perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat khususnya sebagai alternatif pembiayaan. LAPS berperan sebagai solusi penyelesaian sengketa para pelaku bisnis di Indonesia lembaga ini dipilih karena lebih efektif dan efisien, putusan bersifat final dan binding yang bertolak belakang dengan jalur litigasi yang terkesan memakan waktu dan biaya yang mahal. Peluang LAPS sangat besar mengungat maraknya bisnis dan pembayaran berbasis digital yang masih menyisakan banyak masalah hukum sementara LAPS khsusus fintech belum tersedia dimana LAPS menyediakan layanan yang sejalan dengan bisnis digital; penyelesaiannya yang bersifat win-win solution, yang sesuai dengan karakter dunia usaha, yang wajib mengelola resiko, termasuk resiko reputasi, resiko operasional dan resiko hukum. Sedangkan tantangan yang dihadapi LAPS pada fintech antara lain : Dualisme alternatif penyelesaian sengketa fintech bisa melalui LAPS dan bisa juga melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK); Terbatasnya infrastruktur hukum jumlah transaksi fintech yang terus meningkat sejalan dengan potensi sengketa yangakan terjadi; Ketersediaan mediator dan arbiter LAPS sektor jasa keuangan.