Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using real-time data to improve reliability on high-frequency transit services

In recent years, automatically-collected data from many transit agencies have been made available to the public in real time. This has dramatically improved the experience of riding transit, by allowing passengers to use detailed information on the current state of service to make more informed travel decisions. The "open data" movement has allowed independent mobile-phone app developers to create a variety of useful tools to improve the passenger experience. However, agencies' use of real-time data for operational purposes has lagged behind customer-facing app development. This research examines the use of real-time data for the application of operational control strategies on transit services. Two high-frequency bus routes of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority are used as a case study. It begins with the development of an application to download, interpret, and present data on bus service and recommended control actions in a graphical user interface. This application is then used to conduct an experiment with a terminal-based holding strategy on MBTA Route 1. The results of this experiment drive further investigation into the causes of deviations from scheduled or assigned departure times at terminals. To supplement the experimental data, a simulation model of MBTA Routes 1 and 28 is developed. This simulation is used to test additional control strategies, as well as the effect of reducing unexplained operator deviations from assigned departure times. The research finds that real-time data can be used to create significant operational improvements. In particular, holding strategies at terminals, along with reducing unexplained operator deviations from assigned terminal departure times, have a strong effect. Several specific recommendations are made for a number of strategies that the MBTA can use to improve the precision of terminal departure times on bus services. This research also finds that holding at midpoints and short-turning can provide some additional benefit, but the costs and benefits to passengers of these strategies are more complicated and should be investigated with further research and implemented using optimization schemes rather than the heuristic rules used here.
Simulating Inconsistencies in Task-oriented Dialog

Most existing dialog models are trained on 001 static dialog datasets or in an interactive way 002 with user simulators, and evaluated in the same 003 way. Such methods mostly make an ideal hy-004 pothesis that the user behaves consistently to 005 the goal. Nevertheless, inconsistent behaviors 006 are often observed from real users due to un-007 predictable mind changes or language under-008 standing errors. In this paper, we give a sys-009 tematic investigation of the inconsistent prob-010 lem in real-world dialog systems and introduce 011 three kinds of inconsistencies, namely Goal 012 Change , Action Disloyalty and Understanding 013 Deviation . We propose a user model to simu-014 late those three kinds of inconsistencies, which 015 can be used to examine the model robustness. 016 The simulation model is further utilized to sup-017 port Reinforcement Learning and inconsistent 018 data augmentation, which boosts the perfor-019 mance of pipeline and end-to-end dialog mod-020 els under inconsistent situation. 021
Adaptive Channel Coding for Flat Fading Channel

This paper examines an adaptive coding scheme for flat fading channels to maximize the average code rate of a coded system. The proposed adaptation technique is employed by using the required free distance of a rate compatible code depending on the channel realization. First, the system will calculate the required free distance based on the instantaneous channel gain. Based on this channel gain we will select a set of convolution code to optimize the code rate with a certain performance requirement. Simulation results show that our proposal can achieve a higher code rate.
Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize

Abstract Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
UHRF1 is indispensable for meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and interacts with the DNA damage response pathway in mice

Abstract During male meiosis, the constitutively unsynapsed XY chromosomes undergo meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), and the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is critical for MSCI establishment. Our previous study showed that UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, with PHD and ring finger domains 1) deletion led to meiotic arrest and male infertility; however, the underlying mechanisms of UHRF1 in the regulation of meiosis remain unclear. Here, we report that UHRF1 is required for MSCI and cooperates with the DDR pathway in male meiosis. UHRF1-deficient spermatocytes display aberrant pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes during the pachytene stage. In addition, UHRF1 deficiency leads to aberrant recruitment of ATR and FANCD2 on the sex chromosomes and disrupts the diffusion of ATR to the XY chromatin. Furthermore, we show that UHRF1 acts as a cofactor of BRCA1 to facilitate the recruitment of DDR factors onto sex chromosomes for MSCI establishment. Accordingly, deletion of UHRF1 leads to the failure of meiotic silencing on sex chromosomes, resulting in meiotic arrest. In addition to our previous findings, the present study reveals that UHRF1 participates in MSCI, ensuring the progression of male meiosis. This suggests a multifunctional role of UHRF1 in the male germline. Summary Sentence UHRF1 is directly interacts with BRCA1 and has critical role in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Graphical Abstract
Large Eddy Simulation of a Low Speed Subsonic Jet: A Validation Study

Abstract Low-speed subsonic jets are commonly encountered in many flow systems such as in chimney exhausts, impinging jets, inlets in combustors of diesel engines and gas turbines. Large-eddy simulation of a Mach 0.1, three-dimensional plane (square) turbulent air jet was performed. The Reynolds number of the jet based on the jet width was 3 × 104. The width of the jet was 0.013 m. The aim of the present work was to develop a three-dimensional compressible parallel LES finite-volume code and validate it against an experimental free jet test case. A robust novel numerical scheme based on the blending of Riemann invariants and the exact Godunov solver, capable of handling low Mach number flows without preconditioning, was used. The Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model was used to model the unresolved stresses. An investigation was carried out into the self similarity behavior of the jet and the two-point correlations and the dissipation was computed. It is observed that istropicity of turbulence only exists in the v and w components and self-similar behavior was observed approximately beyond 90 jet widths downstream.
Computational vaccinology guided design of multi-epitope subunit vaccine against a neglected arbovirus of the Americas

Abstract Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus found in the Americas that can cause debilitating arthritogenic disease. Although it is an emerging virus, the only current approach is vector control, as there are no approved vaccines to prevent MAYV infection nor therapeutics to treat it. In search of an effective vaccine candidate against MAYV, we used immunoinformatics and molecular modeling to attempt to identify promiscuous T-cell epitopes of the nonstructural polyproteins (nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4) from 127 MAYV genomes sequenced in the Americas (08 Bolivia, 72 Brazil, 04 French Guiana, 05 Haiti, 20 Peru, 04 Trinidad and Tobago, and 14 Venezuela). For this purpose, consensus sequences of 360 proteins were used to identify short protein sequences that can bind to MHC I class (MHC II). Our analysis revealed 56 potential MHC-I/TCD8+ (29 MHC-II/TCD4+) epitopes, but only 6 (16) TCD8+ (TCD4+) epitopes showed high antigenicity and conservation, non-allergenicity, non-toxicity, and excellent population coverage. Finally, classical and quantum mechanical calculations (QM:MM) were used to improve the quality of the docking calculations, with the QM part of the simulations performed using the density functional theory formalism (DFT). These results provide insights for the advancement of diagnostic platforms, vaccine development, and immunotherapeutic interventions. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Ergonomic evaluation of exposure to musculoskeletal disorders risk factors by Quick Exposure Check (QEC) technique in a metal structure manufacturing factory

Musculoskeletal disorders have devoted a high percentage of occupational injuries and is one of the leading causes of occupational injuries and disabilities in industrialized and developing countries. The aims of this study were to evaluate exposure of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors by quick exposure check (QEC) technique and to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their risk factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 male workers from a metal structure manufacturing factory that was selected by census method. Data were collected using demographic and Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (NMQ) and QEC (Quick Exposure Check) form. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 16. The level of significance was set at P < 0/05. The means of age and job tenure in subjects were 32.17±5.81 and 9.02±5.88 years, respectively. Prevalence of WMSDs in the last 12 months was 53/5%. The results indicated that WMSDs risk level among studied workers was high. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association between age, BMI and QEC risk level of musculoskeletal disorders occurrence. based on the findings of the present study, risk level and prevalence of WMSDs were high among the workers which had significant correlation. According to the results of this study and regression modeling, it is essential to identify WMSDs contributory factors and implement ergonomic solutions to reduce or eliminate risk of disorders.
Elucidation of the changes occurring at the proteome level in ovaries of high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats

High‐fat diet‐induced obesity adversely affects the female reproductive system. The metabolic changes that the high‐fat diet causes on the ovaries have not been elucidated. Herein, to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of long‐term high‐fat diet‐fed, the changes in the global proteomic profile of the rat ovaries were investigated. The female rats were randomly divided into two groups based on their diets: the ones that were fed with the high‐fat diet and the other ones that were fed with the control diet for 18 weeks. To identify differentially expressed proteins, the changes in ovary proteomes were investigated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight and label‐free quantification with nano‐high performance liquid chromatography to tandem mass spectrometry (nHPLC‐MS/MS). A total of 80 proteins were differentially regulated. The upregulated proteins were involved in responses to chemical and organic substances, cytokines, external stimuli, and lipids. These proteins were particularly associated with vesicles, microbodies, and cell surface proteins. The downregulated proteins were involved in biological processes associated with cellular respiration. Those proteins created a network consisting of proteins involved in aerobic respiration and energy generation. Our results demonstrated that the mechanisms related to energy production in the ovary tissue were particularly affected by the high‐fat diet.
Android Design Patterns: Interaction Design Solutions for Developers

Master the challenges of Android user interface development with these sample patternsWith Android 4, Google brings the full power of its Android OS to both smartphone and tablet computing. Designing effective user interfaces that work on multiple Android devices is extremely challenging. This book provides more than 75 patterns that you can use to create versatile user interfaces for both smartphones and tablets, saving countless hours of development time. Patterns cover the most common and yet difficult types of user interactions, and each is supported with richly illustrated, step-by-step instructions.Includes sample patterns for welcome and home screens, searches, sorting and filtering, data entry, navigation, images and thumbnails, interacting with the environment and networks, and more Features tablet-specific patterns and patterns for avoiding results you don't want Illustrated, step-by-step instructions describe what the pattern is, how it works, when and why to use it, and related patterns and anti-patterns A companion website offers additional content and a forum for interactionAndroid Design Patterns: Interaction Design Solutions for Developers provides extremely useful tools for developers who want to take advantage of the booming Android app development market.
Oral immunotherapy for food allergy in children: is it worth it?

ABSTRACT Introduction Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective at inducing desensitization in food-allergic individuals, and is a valid therapeutic option for those allergic to peanut, cow’s milk and egg. However, there is a high rate of dose-related adverse events, and at least one fatality to OIT has been reported. Areas covered We provide an update on the broader framework of issues which will impact on the availability and uptake of OIT. Expert opinion The need for standardized products remains controversial. A licensed product exists for peanut-OIT, but OIT can also be safely achieved using peanut-containing foods at much lower cost. For other allergens, OIT can only be done with non-pharma products – something which has been done safely for over 2 decades. There is a need to develop personalized protocols for OIT, particularly for the 20% of patients unable to tolerate standard OIT. Cost-effectiveness is dependent on improved quality of life, but evidence for this is currently lacking, and is a key evidence gap. OIT is likely to be cost-effective, particularly if noncommercial products are used. There may be a trade-off: in patients with lower reaction thresholds, a commercial product may be needed for initial updosing, until a level of desensitization is achieved when they can be switched to natural food products.
Persistent left superior vena cava—An alternative feasible technique during Senning procedure

Although rarely performed today in most centers, Senning procedure continues to be a good option for patients with transposition of great arteries presenting late with either regressed left ventricle or pulmonary hypertension. There are many subsets of patients including those having deficient atrial septal tissue, situs inversus, dextrocardia, and atrial isomerism which require complex modifications of technique. One such subset is patients having bilateral superior vena cavae (SVC), which requires coronary sinus cutback and creating a wide flap for the posterior venous baffle which unduly increases the complexity of the surgery. We describe an alternative way of rerouting a persistent left SVC by reimplanting onto the left atrial appendage which forms the part of the systemic atrium after the atrial switch surgery.
Aberrant Cellular Glycosylation May Increase the Ability of Influenza Viruses to Escape Host Immune Responses through Modification of the Viral Glycome

People with disorders such as cancer, autoimmune disease, diabetes, or obesity often have metabolic dysregulation of cellular glycosylation and also have more severe influenza disease, a reduced immune response to the virus, and reduced vaccine efficacy. Since influenza viruses that infect such people do not show consistent genomic variations, it is generally assumed that the altered biology is mainly related to host factors. ABSTRACT Individuals with metabolic dysregulation of cellular glycosylation often experience severe influenza disease, with a poor immune response to the virus and low vaccine efficacy. Here, we investigate the consequences of aberrant cellular glycosylation for the glycome and the biology of influenza virus. We transiently induced aberrant N-linked glycosylation in cultured cells with an oligosaccharyltransferase inhibitor, NGI-1. Cells treated with NGI-1 produced morphologically unaltered viable influenza virus with sequence-neutral glycosylation changes (primarily reduced site occupancy) in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Hemagglutinin with reduced glycan occupancy required a higher concentration of surfactant protein D (an important innate immunity respiratory tract collectin) for inhibition compared to that with normal glycan occupancy. Immunization of mice with NGI-1-treated virus significantly reduced antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase titers of total serum antibody and reduced hemagglutinin protective antibody responses. Our data suggest that aberrant cellular glycosylation may increase the risk of severe influenza as a result of the increased ability of glycome-modified influenza viruses to evade the immune response. IMPORTANCE People with disorders such as cancer, autoimmune disease, diabetes, or obesity often have metabolic dysregulation of cellular glycosylation and also have more severe influenza disease, a reduced immune response to the virus, and reduced vaccine efficacy. Since influenza viruses that infect such people do not show consistent genomic variations, it is generally assumed that the altered biology is mainly related to host factors. However, since host cells are responsible for glycosylation of influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, and glycosylation is important for interactions of these proteins with the immune system, the viruses may have functional differences that are not reflected by their genomic sequence. Here, we show that imbalanced cellular glycosylation can modify the viral glycome without genomic changes, leading to reduced innate and adaptive host immune responses to infection. Our findings link metabolic dysregulation of host glycosylation to increased risk of severe influenza and reduced influenza virus vaccine efficacy.
The importance of training transfer of non-technical skills safety training of construction workers

Safety training of migrant workers in construction has focused on technical skills with limited attention to non-technical skills, which support safety training transfer to the worksite, both immediately after training and in the long term. Using realist evaluation as our theoretical framework, this study explores the transfer of two key non-technical skills to construction sites: communication and decision-making. Trained workers completed questionnaires post-training and after six months. A moderated mediation model found an indirect link through training transfer between communication and decision-making skills immediately post-training and six months later. The results also revealed that high levels of safety self-efficacy moderated the relationship between communication, but not decision-making, safety skills post-training and the extent to which trained workers reported transferring these skills. The study has important practical implications, showing the significance of training transfer of non-technical skills, such as communication and decision-making, to the worksite.
Early impact of X‐ and Y‐chromosome variations (XXX, XXY, XYY) on social communication and social emotional development in 1–2‐year‐old children

Sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) are characterized by an extra X‐ or Y‐chromosome (XXX, XXY, XYY). The present study aims to investigate early signs of social communication and social emotional development in very young children with SCT. Thirty‐four children with SCT (aged 12–24 months) were included in this study, as well as 31 age‐matched controls. Social communication was measured with structured behavior observations according to the Early Social Communication Scales, and social emotional developmental level with the Bayley Social Emotional parental questionnaire. Recruitment and assessment took place in the Netherlands and in the United States. On average, 12–24‐month old children with SCT showed difficulties with early social communication, more so in responding to others as compared to initiating social communications. During social interactions, children with SCT made less frequent eye contact, compared to controls. Also, difficulties in acquiring social emotional milestones were found in 1‐year old children with SCT, with 44% of the children having social emotional vulnerabilities in the borderline or extremely low range, compared to typically developing children. In this cohort, no significant predictive effects of karyotype‐subtype (XXX, XXY, XYY) were found. Already from a very early age, SCT can be associated with increased risk for vulnerabilities in adaptive social functioning. These findings suggest that SCT impact the maturation of the social brain already from an early age, and stress the importance of early monitoring and (preventive) support early social development in young children with SCT.