Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Nonlinear Control of a Mobile Robot

A robust control intended for a nonholonomic mobile robot is considered to guarantee good tracking a desired trajectory. The main drawbacks of the mobile robot model are the existence of nonholonomic constraints, uncertain system parameters and un-modeled dynamics. in order to overcome these drawbacks, we propose a robust control based on Lyapunov theory associated with sliding-mode control, this solution shows good robustness with respect to parameter variations, measurement errors, noise and guarantees position and velocity tracking. The global asymptotic stability of the overall system is proven theoretically. The simulation results largely confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Real-Time Spiral CMR Is Superior to Conventional Segmented Cine-Imaging for Left-Ventricular Functional Assessment in Patients with Arrhythmia

(1) Background: Segmented Cartesian Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) often fails to deliver robust assessment of cardiac function in patients with arrhythmia. We aimed to assess the performance of a tiny golden-angle spiral real-time CMR sequence at 1.5 T for left-ventricular (LV) volumetry in patients with irregular heart rhythm; (2) Methods: We validated the real-time sequence against the standard breath-hold segmented Cartesian sequence in 32 patients, of whom 11 presented with arrhythmia. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) were assessed. In arrhythmic patients, real-time and standard Cartesian acquisitions were compared against a reference echocardiographic modality; (3) Results: In patients with sinus rhythm, good agreements and correlations were found between the segmented and real-time methods, with only minor, non-significant underestimation of EDV for the real-time sequence (135.95 ± 30 mL vs. 137.15 ± 31, p = 0.164). In patients with arrhythmia, spiral real-time CMR yielded superior image quality to the conventional segmented imaging, allowing for excellent agreement with the reference echocardiographic volumetry. In contrast, in this cohort, standard Cartesian CMR showed significant underestimation of LV-ESV (106.72 ± 63.51 mL vs. 125.47 ± 72.41 mL, p = 0.026) and overestimation of LVEF (42.96 ± 10.81% vs. 39.02 ± 11.72%, p = 0.039); (4) Conclusions: Real-time spiral CMR improves image quality in arrhythmic patients, allowing reliable assessment of LV volumetry.
Reparameterization Required After Model Structure Changes From Carbon Only to Carbon‐Nitrogen Coupling

Prediction of carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems under climate change depends on C‐nitrogen (N) interactions. While many newly developed C‐N coupling models predict lower C storage than their C‐only counterpart models, it has not been carefully examined whether or not such model predictions would be supported by real‐world observations. This study is to retrieve knowledge on N cycle from one field warming experiment in an alpine meadow of China so that we can better predict land C sequestration. We estimated two sets of parameters with one C‐only model and one C‐N coupling model, respectively, with the data assimilation technique. Our results showed that estimated process rates (e.g., senescence and decomposition rates) of organic C from almost all pools except standing litter and leaf are higher with the C‐N coupling model than those with the C‐only model. The allocation coefficient of C to root estimated with the C‐only model was 68.0% and 56.6% smaller than that with the C‐N coupling model under the ambient and warming treatments, respectively. Both the C‐only and C‐N coupling models simulate similar C pool sizes as observed at either the ambient or warming treatment with their respective parameter estimates. Meanwhile, the warming treatment increased the slow soil organic matter (SOM) pool due to decrease in estimated decomposition rate of the slow SOM via parameter fitting and increase in the C input from surface litter. In general, our results suggest that reparameterization is required when we add N processes to a C cycle model to realistically predict the ecosystem dynamics in response to future changes in N availability.
Fundamentals Behind the 10 Most Common Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifacts with Correction Strategies and 10 High-Yield Points

Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-1248 / Fundamentals Behind the 10 Most Common Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifacts with Correction Strategies and 10 High-Yield Points" by: "R. Javan, J. R. O'Rear, J. E. Machin; Memphis, TN/US"
Simulating the Resource Freeing Attack: Using Cloudsim Simulator

Virtualization is a technique to make the cloud computations secure. This technique can reduce the costs and increase the reliability of systems by means of sharing the physical resources between several VMs (Virtual Machines). However, virtualized environments are vulnerable to some security issues such as lack of performance isolation. These days, using the virtualization as a technique is growing slowly in large organizations. Despite these advantages, virtualizations have created several security challenges. So, the main concern of virtualization service providers and their customers is how to detect and encounter these security challenges. In this research, the resource freeing attack is selected among all available virtualization attacks because of its simplicity and its drastic effects. Resource freeing attack causes an unfair resource distribution among VMs. We use Cloudsim as a powerful cloud simulation toolkit to implement resource freeing attack. After simulating the attack, the CPU's efficiency, response time diagrams, and the obtained bandwidth are measured. The simulation results show the significant changes in VM behavior after occurring the attack in the virtualized environment. These changes help cloud providers to detect resource freeing attack in the cloud.
Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Abstract. Climate models simulate lower rates of North Atlantic heat transport under greenhouse gas climates than at present due to a reduction in the strength of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Solar geoengineering whereby surface temperatures are cooled by reduction of incoming shortwave radiation may be expected to ameliorate this effect. We investigate this using six Earth System Models running scenarios from GeoMIP (Geoengineering model intercomparison project) in the cases of: i) reduction in the solar constant, mimicking dimming of the sun; ii) sulfate aerosol injection into the lower equatorial stratosphere; and iii) brightening of the ocean regions mimicking enhancing tropospheric cloud amounts. We find that despite across model differences, AMOC decreases are attributable to reduced air-ocean temperature differences, and reduced September Arctic sea ice extent, with no significant impact from changing surface winds or precipitation-evaporation. Reversing the surface freshening of the North Atlantic overturning regions caused by decreased summer sea ice sea helps to promote AMOC. Comparing the geoengineering types after normalizing them for the differences in top of atmosphere radiative forcing, we find that solar dimming is more effective than either marine cloud brightening or stratospheric aerosol injection.
Ácaros predadores associados a um sistema agroflorestal de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaeae) e cupuaçu [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng), Malvaceae] no sul do estado da Bahia

Aiming to verify the occurrence of predator mites in the Southern of Bahia State, we evaluate an agroforestry system (AFS) with açaí palm [Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae)] intercropped with cupuaçu [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum. (Malvaceae)] in the Fazenda Bom Sossego located in Porto Seguro municipality, Bahia. The samples were performed monthly at 15 plants of each species, from September 2019 to February 2020. We found a total of 458 predatory mites of 14 species and eight families, of which 295 were collected on açai and 163 on cupuaçu, with 13 species on each host, being Cheyletidae sp. unique on cupuaçu and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sp. on açaí palm. From those, four species are new records for each host. Our results highlight that joint cultivation of açaí palm and cupuaçu as AFS is suitable and useful considering biological control practices, since the hosts share more than 90% of predator species, improving the total diversity of beneficial organisms in the AFS. Açaí palm was recently reported as host for red-palm-mite (Raoiella indica Hirst, 1924, Tenuipalpidae), with records of high population density and damage, so the implementation and maintenance of an AFS in which the hosts may share predators instead of phytophagous is an advisable strategy of Integrated pest management (IPM) increasing the effects of natural biological control and decreasing the damage by pests and use of chemical control.
An Object Detection Model for Paint Surface Detection Based on Improved YOLOv3

To solve the problem of poor performance of the target detection algorithm and false detection in the detection of paint surface defects of office chairs five-star feet, we propose a defect detection method based on the improved YOLOv3 algorithm. Firstly, a new feature fusion structure is designed to reduce the missed detection rate of small targets. Then we used the CIOU loss function to improve the positioning accuracy. At the same time, a parallel version of the k-means++ initialization algorithm (K-means||) is used to optimize and determine the parameters of the a priori anchor so as to improve the matching degree between the a priori anchor and the feature layer. We constructed a dataset of paint surface defects on the five-star feet of office chairs and performed optimization training, and used multiple algorithms and different datasets to conduct comparative experiments to validate the algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv3 algorithm is effective in that the average precision on the self-made dataset reaches 88.3%, which is 5.8% higher than the original algorithm. At the same time, it has also been verified based on the Aliyun Tianchi competition aluminum dataset, and the average precision has reached 89.2%. This method realizes the real-time detection of the paint surface defects of the five-star feet of the office chair very well.
A Disaggregate Analysis of Demand for Local Bus Service in Great Britain (excluding London) using the National Travel Survey

This paper analyses disaggregate travel demand in Great Britain (ex- cluding London) using the National Travel Survey (NTS) of 2008 and a nested logit model. We �nd an aggregate national price elasticity of demand for local bus service of -0.36. This aggregate elasticity, being a weighted average of individual-level price elasticities, masks important variations at the individual level. For example, in many cases, up to 20% of individuals have price elasticities conditional on travel purpose that are larger than one in magnitude. We also �nd that car ownership, bus frequency, and walk time to the bus stop, are important determinants of bus demand.
A Comprehensive Overview of the Developments of Cdc25 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Cdc25 phosphatases have been considered promising targets for anticancer development due to the correlation of their overexpression with a wide variety of cancers. In the last two decades, the interest in this subject has considerably increased and many publications have been launched concerning this issue. An overview is constructed based on data analysis of the results of the previous publications covering the years from 1992 to 2021. Thus, the main objective of the current review is to report the chemical structures of Cdc25s inhibitors and answer the question, how to design an inhibitor with better efficacy and lower toxicity?
Does financial inclusion promote a green economic system? Evaluating the role of energy efficiency

Abstract There are very few studies on the role of financial inclusion and energy efficiency in promoting a sustainable environment in the existing literature. These studies do not address or link financial inclusion to CO2 emissions in any way. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the role of financial inclusion and energy efficiency on carbon emissions, as well as exports, imports, and gross domestic product (G.D.P.) in the BRICS economies from 1990 to 2020. The study additionally considers the panel data's integration, cointegration, cross-country interdependence, and heterogeneity features, resulting in reliable findings and well-founded policy recommendations. The panel Westerlund cointegration tests confirm the long-run relationships among CO2 emissions, financial inclusion, energy efficiency, exports, imports, and G.D. P. Furthermore, the long and short-run outcomes of CS-ARDL revealed that financial inclusion, imports size, and G.D. P. raise CO2 emissions, while energy efficiency and exports size reduce CO2 emissions. The study proposes increasing financial inclusion for controlling pollution and achieving sustainable environmental goals in light of these findings. Public-sector efforts are needed to integrate financial inclusion goals with continued improvements in energy efficiency and environmental policies.
The Role of Plant Functional Diversity in Regulating Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Different Grazing Intensities in Temperate Grassland, China

Grazing is very common in the grassland ecosystem, and it has a significant impact on the C stocks and cycle. One of the most important drivers of soil C stocks is functional diversity. However, limited studies have attempted to explore the effects of functional diversity on soil C stocks associated with grazing disturbance. This study was carried out in Hulunbeier grassland, Inner Mongolia, and four grazing intensities (no grazing (NG), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG)) were identified. The plant functional traits and important soil properties under different grazing intensities were measured. Functional identity and diversity were calculated based on the measured functional traits. The impacts of functional identity and diversity on soil organic carbon stocks (SOCstocks) were analyzed using a multi-model inference (MMI) approach. Our study showed that the functional diversity effect on soil C stocks varies depending on grazing intensity. We identified that functional richness has a significant impact on SOCstocks in NG. The community weighted mean of leaf area became the best predictor of SOCstocks in LG. As grazing intensified, functional divergence best explained SOCstocks in moderate and heavy grazing sites, and their relationship was positive. The major outcomes of this research could shed light on the mechanics of soil carbon storage.
Proceeding Series of the Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics Stoppers Energy Harvesting Efficiency Enhancement via Optimal Linear Controller

A stoppers solution to enhance energy harvesting imposes a nonlinear behavior to the system and also a chaotic behavior that increase the mechanical energy transferring from excitation source to electric output power. To increase even more energy conversion it was project an Optimal Linear Control to drive the system to a optimize interaction from vibration source to structural system. A piezoelectric film is attached to a cantilever beam and an electric output load is assembled to extract electric energy from vibration sourced. The stoppers are arranged to improve the system efficiency. Using the indirect piezoelectric effect a controller will insert velocity and acceleration to the system and as main result the system increased efficiency 1.18 times considering output voltage rate. Key-words. Energy harvesting, Efficiency, Optimal Linear Control, Stoppers, Impulse 1 dcferreira@ufmt.br 2 fabioch@mat.feis. unesp.br 3 jeanmarc@utfpr.edu. br 4 novak@utfpr.edu. br 5 samupagotto@gmail.com 6 vinicius_favreto@hotmail.com Proceeding Series of the Brazilian Society of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Vol. 4, N. 1, 2016. Trabalho apresentado no DINCON, Natal RN, 2015. DOI: 10.5540/03.2016. 004.01. 0025 010025-1 © 2016 SBMAC
The Social Meanings of the Third Sector: How Action and Purpose Shape Everyday Understandings of “Nonprofit”

How do nonspecialists of nonprofit practice, law, and scholarship conceptualize the third sector? This article explores the everyday meanings of nonprofit organization and action empirically by reporting on a survey-based exercise in which research participants coded statements describing qualitatively different interactions between various types of entities. The survey, drawing on Crawford and Ostrom’s grammar of institutions, allows for an examination of how lay observers make sense of the sectoral boundaries that occupy specialists’ attention. We find that research participants are less prone to code interactions consistently with the nominal sectors of the organizations presented to them and more inclined to code the interactions based on the types of actions organizations take and their rationale for those actions. We argue that understanding the everyday meaning of nonprofit has important implications for theory and practice.
Stable isotopes of surface water and groundwater in a typical subtropical basin in south‐central China: Insights into the young water fraction and its seasonal origin

The young water fraction (Fyw) can be reliably determined in heterogeneous river basins, and the seasonal origin index (SOI) can be used to determine the relative contributions of winter versus summer precipitation to runoff. Fywand SOI are also important descriptors of how a basin controls runoff generation and the transport of contaminants and nutrients. In this study, high‐frequency sampling of precipitation, river water, creek water, and shallow groundwater was conducted in the Xiangjiang River basin, in south‐central China, from January 2010 to December 2012. The samples were subjected to stable isotope measurements to determine the SOI and Fywof surface water and shallow groundwater. The principal findings are: (1) The δ2H variations of the river water, creek water, and shallow groundwater were driven by the input of precipitation but were attenuated during runoff confluence processes. Also, the low lc‐excess values of the river water indicated a strong evaporative effect. (2) 21.4% and 19.7% of the river water and shallow groundwater were younger than 1.5 and 1.7 months, respectively, indicating a quicker renewal cycle than for the creek water, which had a fraction of 8.0% younger than 2.6 months, which originated from the adjacent mountains. (3) Winter precipitation was more prevalent in the river water and creek water, indicating the substantial inter‐seasonal carryover of precipitation that supplied the runoff. The average SOI value of the shallow groundwater was near zero, indicating the mixing of the precipitation in different seasons that supplies the shallow groundwater. Our findings emphasize the importance of vegetation and soil conservation in maintaining the inter‐seasonal carryover of water storage held by soil, plants, and rock fractures, and the necessity to assess the risks of streamflow contamination because of the rapid renewal cycle of river water in this flat and intensively cultivated landscape.
Dual-Polarized, Low-Profile Dipole-Patch Array for Wide Bandwidth Applications

This paper proposes a low-profile dual-polarized 4 × 4 antenna array for fifth-generation (5G) applications. It originates from our previous linear-polarized design, but with 2 splitdipoles. For each polarization, the current on the split-dipoles will cancel each other out in one direction. In contrast, in the orthogonal direction, the current can be regarded as a driven dipole to couple energy to four parasitic patches. The proposed element has a profile of only 0. 073λ0 (where λ0 is one free-space wavelength at 27.85 GHz) with simulated SWR < 2 from 22.11 to 33.6 GHz (BW ≈ 41.25%). The average gain is 8 dBi and the peak gain reaches 10 dBi at approximately 31.5 GHz. Besides, the two polarizations possess almost the same performance due to the symmetry of the antenna. A 4 × 4 antenna array is designed, simulated, and experimentally demonstrated based on a subarray that can support two orthogonally mode excitation. The measured results present an overlapped bandwidth of 28.4% and more than 25 dB isolation. In addition, the maximum gains are up to 19 and 18.9 dBi for Ports 1 and 2 excitations, respectively. Our proposed design has great application potential in vehiclemounted millimeter-wave radar and 5G communications systems.
Soil Microbial Activity in Different Cropping Systems under Long-Term Crop Rotation

: Soil microbes play a key role in the nutrient cycling by decomposing the organic material into plant-available elements and also by maintaining the soil health. The study of soil microbial hydrolytic activity (SMA) was carried out in a long-term crop rotation (barley undersown (us) with red clover, red clover, winter wheat, pea and potato) experiment in ﬁve different farming systems during 2014–2018. There were two conventional systems, with chemical plant protection and mineral fertilizers, and three organic systems, which included winter cover crops and composted manure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the (i) cropping system and (ii) precrops in rotation on the soil SMA. The soil microbial hydrolytic activity was signiﬁcantly affected by yearly weather conditions, farming system, and crops. In all farming systems, the SMA was the lowest after dry and cold conditions during early spring in 2018. In unfertilized conventional systems, the considerably lower SMA is explained by the side effects of pesticides and low organic residuals, and we can conclude that the conventional system with no added fertilizer or organic matter is not sustainable, considering soil health. In each year, the SMA of organic systems with cover crops and composted manure was 7.3–14.0% higher compared to all farming systems. On average, for both farming systems, the SMA of all the rotation crops was positively correlated with the SMA values of precrops. However, in conventional farming systems, the effect of undersowing on the SMA of the precrop was smaller compared to organic systems.
Research on Load Balancing and Caching Strategy for Central Network

The central network architecture takes the information content as the processing object and can better meet the user access needs. However, the traditional network node load balancing and caching strategy has been difficult to adapt to the development of the central network architecture. Therefore, this article proposed a load balancing and cache management strategy based on the central network in order to provide a reference for the architecture and application of the central network. Based on the analysis of the existing network architecture, this article expounded the networking form and characteristics of the central network system. By analyzing the load scheduling requirements of network nodes, combined with the transmission characteristics of resource requests in the central network, a cache node load balancing method suitable for the requirements of the central network was proposed based on the existing load balancing algorithms. In addition, by analyzing the cache management strategy and its impact on the performance of the network system, a cache node information forwarding model with resource requests as the object in the central network environment was given. Finally, through experimental test and comparative analysis, the results showed that the method proposed in this article had certain feasibility and effectiveness. Compared with other typical strategies, the load balancing and caching strategy proposed in this article can better meet the user needs of the central network.