Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISO 19133 Tracking and Navigation Standard: 6.6 Linear Reference System Standard

Most information maintained by a department of transportation (DOT) includes a physical location to specify where the data apply. Most often, this location is described with a linear referencing method (LRM). Because no single method is best for all applications, multiple methods are often used in each DOT. Engineers use stationing to locate construction items. Transportation data administrators may use mile point to locate roadway characteristics. Safety officers often use reference markers to locate crashes. TRB has stated that location can serve as an integrating concept for assimilating data from multiple sources. Until now, there were no standards for linear referencing methods; they vary between databases and between DOTs. Consequently, it has been difficult to integrate data from numerous sources by using locations with disparate formats. A new ISO standard should help remedy this situation. The ISO 19133 tracking and navigation standard includes a package for linear reference systems. It generalizes how linear locations are specified to enable translation between locations from different methods. It is based on the generalized model for linear reference, an abstraction of the NCHRP 20-27 conceptual model. According to the standard, locations are formalized as position expressions composed of a method of measurement (LRM), a linear element along which the measure is made, and the measurement itself. Locations can be on the linear element or offset laterally to either side. This paper explains the standard, how it was derived, and its implementation at the Minnesota DOT in its location data manager project.
Design of a low torque ripple fractional-slot interior permanent magnet motor

Among the Permanent Magnet (PM) machines, the Interior PM (IPM) machine is proposed, despite of a strong non linear behaviour and a complex design, as a good candidate thanks to its interesting peculiarities, i.e., higher torque in flux-weakening operation, higher fault-tolerance, and ability to adopt low cost PMs. A second trend in designing PM machines concerns the adoption of fractional-slot (FS) non-overlapped coil windings, which reduce the end winding length and consequently the Joule losses and the cost. Therefore, the adoption of IPM machine with a FS winding aims to combine both advantages: high torque and efficiency in a wide operating region. However, the combination of an anisotropic rotor and a FS winding stator causes some problems. The interaction of the MMF harmonics due to the stator current interact with the rotor anisotropy causing a very high torque ripple. This paper illustrates a procedure to design an IPM motor with FS winding exhibiting a low torque ripple. The design strategy is based on two consecutive steps: at first, the winding is optimized by taking a multi-layer structure, then the rotor geometry is optimized by adopting a non-symmetric structure. As an example, a 12-slot 10-pole IPM machine is considered, achieving a torque ripple lower than 1.5% at full load.
18-12 Salient-Pole structure Brushless dc Motor with an assisted dc Field coil: Design Optimization and Numerical Analysis on the Magnetic Field

Abstract. This paper presents the design optimization and accurate electromagnetic field analysis of an 18-12 there phase Brushless dc motor (BLDCM) by using a three-dimensional Finite-Element analysis. Proposed motor will provide a wide range of air-gap flux control by a dc assisted field winding which is replaced with the permanent magnet in the rotor structure. In proposed BLDCM a simple dc current control is used and no brushes or slip rings are required to perform this control. To achieve the required performance within a specified space envelope, the physical dimensions of the proposed configuration were optimized; subject to maximize the average output power. Proposed 18-12 BLDCM configuration has been compared with a 9-6 BLDCM configuration. To evaluate the motor performance, the numerical techniques have been utilized. In the numerical part, 3-D Finite Element (FE) analysis has been carried out using a MagNet CAD package (Infolytica Corporation Ltd.) for two type of BLDCM to confirm the accuracy and the efficacy of the proposed design procedure. The analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed machine design methodology. Keywords: FE Analysis; Field analysis; Brushless Dc Motor ­­­
Space Portrait: Establishment of a Lifestyle-Directed Visualized Model for Interior Design

Abstract Effective interior design service relies on users′ needs and the agreements between designers and users; this requires good communication between the two parties. Therefore, establishing an interactive model to record user involvement in the design process, as well as visually analyzing the user′s lifestyle and needs, warrants exploration. This study targeted specific interior design cases and the daily lives of users. The research introduces a sphere activity change map that uses information visualization to understand users′ daily activities. This model offers a life-model-based information tree as a tool to highlight the space spheres individual family members emphasize. The tool then visualizes the distribution of the average time family members spend in each space sphere.
A reference framework for the application of MADM fuzzy techniques to selecting AMTS

In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the assessment and selection of investments in advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs). Several authors have pointed out the shortcomings of traditional financial techniques, proposing alternative approaches usually referred to as 'non-conventional' approaches. Among them, some authors have recently proposed fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (MADM) techniques, which seem to be particularly suitable for dealing with the intangible effects of AMTs. However, no attempt has so far been made to analyse and compare the various MADM techniques included in the fuzzy theory with respect to their applicability to the assessment and selection of AMTs. The objective of this article is to give a reference framework for the application of a MADM fuzzy approach to AMT selection. In particular, the paper describes three major categories of fuzzy MADM approach and compares their results using a case study.
NIR techniques and chemometrics data analysis applied to food adulteration detection

With the current growing need for low production costs and high efficiency, the food industry is faced with a number of challenges, including maintenance of high-quality standards and assurance of food safety while avoiding liability issues. Meeting these challenges has become crucial in regards to grading food products for different markets. Food companies and suppliers need efficient, low-cost, and non-invasive quality and safety inspection technologies to enable them to satisfy different markets. With recent advancements in computer technology and instrumentation engineering, there have been significant advancements in techniques for assessment of food quality and safety. Machine vision and NIR spectroscopy are two of the more extensively applied methods for food quality and safety assessment and nowadays a new technique, combination of the two previous ones called Hyperspectral imaging, has become more and more popular. The aim of this work has been to analyze the capability of different optical systems in the NIR wavelength range for its possible implementation at line in a production chain for the food quality control in terms of adulteration detection. In order to do that, three different experiments with different analytical techniques have been performed: Detection of colt meat adulteration with beef using Hyperspectral imaging, detection of alcohol beverages adulteration with methanol using conventional NIR and finally, detection of fraud in the yogurts fat content using a NIR handheld device powered by IRIS. The prediction models for detection and quantification of different types of food adulteration that have been generated presents, in all cases good regression results, with a R2 values near to 1, and little calibration (RMSEC, RMSECV), and prediction (RMSEP) errors. Hyperspectral imaging technique seems to be an attractive solution for detecting adulterations in food industry. Therefore, the laborious and time-consuming conventional analytical techniques could be replaced or complemented by spectral data to provide a rapid and non destructive testing technique in the food industry.
STATUS OF THE ALPI LOW-BETA SECTION UPGRADE

The low-beta section of the ALPI linac at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro is being upgraded in order to double its energy gain from about 10 MV to 20 MV. This upgrade, performed with a rather limited investment in the background of the standard accelerator activities, is based on the replacement of some rf system components and minor modifications to the cryostats. The cavities, working at 80 MHz, require a 3 dB rf bandwidth of 15 Hz (obtained by means of strong overcoupling) to be locked in the presence of the large Helium pressure fluctuations of ALPI. Their average gradient, although exceeding 6 MV/m at the nominal 7 W power, is presently kept around 3 MV/m during operation, limited by the maximum available rf power in the linac. The ongoing upgrade requires the modification of all low-beta cryomodules to allow new, liquid Nitrogen cooled rf couplers and new, 1 kW amplifiers. A fully equipped prototype cryostat with four, beta=0.047 QWRs has been constructed and tested on line, and operated at 6 MV/m reaching or exceeding all design goals.
Maximally flat quarter-wavelength-coupled transmission-line filters using Q distribution

This paper presents a technique for accurately designing maximally flat quarter-wavelength-coupled transmission-line filters using arbitrary resonant elements. The design procedure currently used, which is based on the lumped-element low-pass prototype, yields a response that is only approximately maximally flat, In addition, the current procedure results in an inaccurate prediction of the total Q for the filter. The technique presented in this paper, herein called the Q-distribution (QD) method, corrects these problems. With the QD method, the designer chooses the number and type of resonant elements and the total Q desired. In turn, the designer is provided with the individual resonator QD, which gives the designer flexibility in selecting the resonator that is most appropriate.
Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationship Between Mothers’ Problematic Internet Use and Child Behavioral Problems with the Mediating Role of Mother-Child Interaction

Aim: Mothers’ problematic internet use has been associated with suboptimal mother-child interactions and child behavioral problems. This study aimed to investigate the structural model of the relationship between mothers’ problematic Internet use and child behavioral problems with the mediating role of mother-child interaction. Method: The population was all mothers in Tehran in 2020. From this statistical population, a sample of 322 mothers was selected by using the purposive sampling method. The instruments used included the Problematic Internet use (Caplan, 2010), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997), and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. Results: The data analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between mothers’ problematic internet use with mother-child interaction and a positive and significant relationship with child behavioral problems. The structural equations modeling results showed that the model has a good fit and mother-child interaction played a mediating role in mothers’ problematic internet use and child behavioral problem. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is suggested that parents and psychotherapists with managing parents' use of the Internet during mother-child interactions and strengthening this interaction, improve behavioral problems in children. Thus, the foregoing variables could be attended in the familial, educational, and therapeutic domains.
Optimal Preview Control of a Two-dof Vehicle Model Using Stochastic Optimal Control Theory

SUMMARY An optimal preview control algorithm is applied to a two degree of freedom(dof) vehicle model travelling with constant velocity on a randomly profiled road. The road roughness is modelled as a homogeneous random process being the output of a linear first order filter to white noise. The input from the road irregularity is assumed to be measured at some distance in front of the vehicle and this measured infonnation is utilized by the active controller to prepare the system for the ensuing input. The preview control algorithm is obtained by minimizing a quadratic performance index and by describing the average behaviour of the system by the covariance matrix of the vehicle response state vector. Results are presented for full state feedback and significant improvements in sprung mass acceleration, suspension working space and road holding are observed.
A deterministic multifunctional architecture for highly adaptive small satellites

A deterministic multifunctional architecture design approach for a highly adaptive small satellite system is proposed in this paper. It enables five levels of design customisation of all categories of highly adaptive small satellites; adaptive functional modules implement higher-level customised and reconfigurable mission functions. Each adaptive multifunctional structural unit (AMSU) supports the subsystem functions as a ‘structural and functional block’ and comes either as a baseline or hybrid. Associated functional sub subsystem components are contained in each AMSU. This removes the conventional structural and functional subsystem boundaries. A meteorology spacecraft mission using a highly adaptive nanosatellite reveals, besides more advanced mission capabilities, 0.6 kg and 1 W mass- and power-savings respectively over a conventional nanosatellite system implementation. This novelty results in adaptive, reconfigurable and multifunctional architectures with economies of scale, timely launch, system-level reliability, flexible integration and test options, cost-effective mass production, post-mission reapplication and optimal performance at the desired mission objectives.
Test Methods for Silicon Die Strength

Recently, the 3D or stacked-die packages become increasingly popular for packaging ICs into a system or subsystem to satisfy the needs of low cost, small form factor, and high performance. For the applications of these packages, IC silicon wafers have to be ground to be relatively thin through the wafer-thinning processes (such as grinding, polishing, and plasma etching). The strength of dies has to be determined for the design requirement and reliability assurance of the packages. From the published data, there still exist some issues, including a large scatter existed in die strength data and difficulties in differentiating the causes of the low strength between from the wafer grinding and from wafer sawing by either the three-point bending or four-point bending test. The purposes of this study are to develop new, reliable, and simple test methods for determination of die strength, in order to improve the data scatter, and to provide a solution for differentiating the factors that affect the variability of die strength for finding out the causes of the weakness of the die strength. In this study, two new test methods, point-loaded circular plate with simple supports test (PLT-I) and point-loaded plate on elastic foundation test (PLT-II), are proposed and then evaluated by testing two groups of silicon dies with different surface conditions. The surface conditions (roughness) of the specimens are determined by atomic force microscopy and correlated to failure strength. The failure forces from both tests have to be modified by using maximum stress obtained from theories or finite element analyses to obtain the failure strength. The test results are compared to each other and further with a widely used four-point bending test. The results suggest that, unlike the four-point bending test suffering the chipping effect, both methods provide very consistent data with a small scatter for each group of specimens and can be used for identifying the effect of surface grinding (roughness) on the die strength. It is also shown that the die strength is highly dependent on the surface roughness. Accordingly, these two methods can provide not only a (biaxial) stress field similar to temperature-loaded die in the packages, but also simple, feasible, reliable, and chipping-free tests for silicon dies of dummy or real IC chips, without strict geometrical limitation, such as beam-type geometry for the three-point or four-point bending test.
PLANNED ISLANDING AS A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATION TOOL FOR RELIABILITY ENHANCEMENT

Recently, planned islanding—operating the distribution system in isolation from the main grid—has been recognized as a distribution planning tool that can be used to improve the reliability of the system. This paper considers the process of planned islanding and the necessary steps that need to be taken in order to make it a successful project. We draw on experience from Canadian utilities in this area and detail the studies that were carried out in order to plan for the operation of a planned island by the country’s largest utility, Hydro-Quebec (HQ). This project needed close collaboration between the Distribution and Transmission engineers to attain the reliability improvement for the distribution customers when a planned outage is needed on the transmission line. The outcomes of the studies are analyzed and the current status of the project is discussed.
LSI with Support Vector Machine for Text Categorization – a practical example with Python

Artificial intelligence is becoming a powerful tool of modernity science, there is even a science consensus about how our society is turning to a data-driven society. Machine learning is a branch of Artificial intelligence that has the ability to learn from data and understand its behavers. Python programming language aiming the challenges of this new era is becoming one of the most popular languages for general programming and scientific computing. Keeping all this new era circumstances in mind, this article has as a goal to show one example of how to use one supervised machine learning method, Support Vector Machine, and to predict movie’s genre according to its description using the programming language of the moment, python. Firstly, Omdb official API was used to gather data about movies, then tuned Support Vector Machine model for Latent semantic indexing capable of predicting movies genres according to its plot was coded. The performance of the model occurred to be satisfactory considering the small dataset used and the occurrence of movies with hybrid genres. Testing the model with larger dataset and using multi-label classification models were purposed to improve the model.
Pediatric powered mobility training: powered wheelchair versus simulator-based practice

ABSTRACT Many children with physical disabilities lack independent mobility. Powered mobility can be a viable option, but to become proficient drivers, children need opportunities to practice. As is often the case, practice powered wheelchairs are scarce and direct therapy hours dedicated to powered mobility are often limited. Hence, alternative options are needed to enable safe, unsupervised practice. Simulator-based learning has been shown to be an effective training method for powered mobility and other skill-based tasks for adults. The goal of this study was to compare two training methods of powered mobility, powered wheelchair (control group) versus simulator-based (experimental group) practice to determine whether simulation is a feasible and effective method for youth. Method Participants included 30 children and adolescents (23 males, 13 females) with cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular diseases, aged 6–18. Data were collected and compared at baseline and after 12 weeks of home-based practice via a powered wheelchair or a simulator. Powered mobility ability was determined by the Powered Mobility Program (PMP), the Israel Ministry of Health’s Powered Mobility Proficiency Test (PM-PT) and the Assessment of Learning Powered Mobility (ALP). Results All participants practiced for the required amount of time and both groups reported a similar user experience. Both groups achieved significant improvement following the practice period as assessed by the PMP and PM-PT assessments, with no significant differences between them. A significant improvement was found in the ALP assessment outcomes for the powered wheelchair group only. Conclusions This is the first study, to our knowledge, that compares two different wheelchair training methods. Simulator-based practice is an effective training option for powered mobility for children with physical disabilities aged 6–18 years old, demonstrating that it is possible to provide driving skill practice opportunities safe, controlled environments.
Sensorless Plunger Position Control for a Switching Solenoid

In this study, the sensorless control algorithm is applied to improve the position control accuracy of the output plunger of a switching solenoid. The main purpose of this study is the attempt to develop a fluid-technical proportional valve with simplest construction and lowest cost. Since the switching solenoid is not equipped with a position sensor and consequently no closed-loop control theory can be applied, the accuracy of the position control of the output plunger becomes a most critical question. Therefore, a modified open-loop controller using the sensorless control algorithm is proposed. The basic idea is the utilization of the sensorless control algorithm to estimate the steady-state position of the plunger. Then, this estimated position is fedback to the controller and the input current during the steady-state response is real-time adjusted according to the error signal. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out and the results show that the proposed modified open-loop controller improves significantly the steady-state accuracy of the plunger position and provides an alternative approach to design unconventional proportional valves.
The chloroplast genome of Fallopia aubertii (Polygonaceae) from Xining, China

Abstract Fallopia aubertii (L.Henry) Holub (Polygonaceae), a woody plant with a voluble stem, is used as a folk herbal medicines for the treatment of gout, fever and pneumonia. To better understand the molecular genetics of F. aubertii, its complete chloroplast genome was sequenced and annotated. The assembled chloroplast genome is a circular 160,951 bp sequence consisting of large single copy (87,279 bp) and small single copy (13,394 bp) regions, separated by two inverted repeat regions (30,860 bp each). The genome contains 131 genes including 86 protein-coding, 37 tRNA and 8 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete chloroplast genome showed that F. aubertii is more closely related to M. australis than to F. sachalinensis, which exhibited a polyphyletic relationship with respect to F. aubertii. These results require further analyses. This study provides additional data for reconstructing species relationships in Fallopia.