Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron-beam enhancement of ion charge state fractions in the metal-vapor vacuum-arc ion source

We report demonstrations of ion charge-state enhancement for an electron-beam metal-vapor vacuum-arc (E-MEVVA) ion source. Results with a lead cathode yielded a maximum ion charge state of Pb7+, which implies an ionization potential of at least 130 eV. Electron current densities j=70 A/cm2 and ionization times τ≅100 μs produced jτ=9.2×10−3 C/cm2 (5.8×1016 electrons/cm2). Standard analysis for these conditions indicates—somewhat surprisingly—that successive single (stepwise) ionization accounts for the present observations, even though the charge states are substantially higher than most previous results with MEVVA-based ion sources.
Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Diamond Nanoparticles

After purification by Fenton treatment, commercial diamond nanoparticles (NPs) are a suitable solid support for the deposition of Cu nanoparticles. Heating at 500 °C under hydrogen proved to be a convenient annealing process for Fenton‐purified diamond NPs that decreased the population of surface carboxylic acid groups and lead to samples with average Cu particle sizes of 3–4 nm. The samples of Cu NPs supported on diamond NPs have been characterized by IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as XRD and TEM. It was concluded that the samples contained Cu0 as well as CuI and CuII species. The resulting diamond‐supported Cu NPs were highly active for the selective aerobic oxidation of aromatic thiols to the corresponding disulfides, whereas aliphatic thiols exhibited much lower reactivity because of some poisoning and catalyst deactivation produced by aliphatic thiols. The Cu catalysts used for thiophenol oxidation could be reused in four consecutive runs with 4 % of decrease in the catalytic activity. This Cu catalyst exhibited similar catalytic activity, but is considerably more affordable, as an analogous diamond‐supported Au catalyst.
Raman spectral statistical classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharyngeal normal cell lines based on support vector classification

Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been used in the discrimination of normal and tumor cells for years. It is very important to validate an existing classification model using different algorithms. In this work, two algorithms of support vector classification (SVC) are utilized to validate our previous work about a LDA classification model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines C666-1, CNE2 and nasopharyngeal normal cell line NP69. All of these two SVC algorithms use the same data set as the previous LDA model and, achieve great sensitivity and specificity. The final results show that our previous LDA classification model could be supported by different SVC algorithms and this demonstrates our classification model is reliable and may be helpful to the realization of RS to be one of diagnostic techniques of NPC.
Carbon and nitrogen in a Ferralsol under zero‐tillage rotations based on cover, cash or hay crops

To identify crop rotation systems capable of sequestering C and N to 1 metre depth in a subtropical Ferralsol of Southern Brazil managed under long‐term zero‐tillage (21 yrs), we evaluated six crop sequences: wheat (Triticum aestivum)–soybean (Glycine max) [W‐S], the baseline; oat (Avena strigosa, as cover crop)–maize (Zea mays)–wheat–soybean [O‐M‐W‐S]; vetch (Vicia villosa, as legume cover crop)–maize–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐W‐S]; vetch–maize–oat–soybean–wheat–soybean [V‐M‐O‐S‐W‐S]; ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, for hay)–maize–ryegrass–soybean [R‐M‐R‐S]; and alfalfa (Medicago sativa, for hay)–maize [A‐M]. Compared to W‐S and to 1 metre, the hay‐based system of A‐M showed the largest C and N sequestration rates (0.50 and 0.06 Mg/ha/yr, respectively). Alfalfa, being a perennial legume under cut‐regrowth cycles, possibly added more C and N through roots. The other hay system, R‐M‐R‐S, also sequestered C efficiently (0.27 Mg/ha/yr), but not N (0.01 Mg/ha/yr). The legume‐based system of V‐M‐W‐S sequestered significant amounts of both C (0.29 Mg/ha/yr) and N (0.04 Mg/ha/yr). The grass‐based system of O‐M‐W‐S showed the lowest sequestration of C (0.09 Mg/ha/yr). In all systems, a positive relationship (R2 = 0.71) occurred between estimated addition of root C and soil C stock to 1 metre. Whenever C and N sequestration occurred, more than half of that occurred below 20 cm depth. Results suggest that adoption of legume‐based systems, perennially as A‐M or annually as V‐M‐W‐S, is efficient for C and N sequestration in subtropical zero‐tillage soils and that roots possibly contribute more to that sequestration than aboveground biomass.
Study on the volumetric expansion of benzoxazine curing with different catalysts

A systematic investigation on the volumetric expansion of four benzoxazine systems, which are benzoxazine, benzoxazine/tertiary amine, benzoxazine/organic acid, and benzoxazine/epoxy resin/tertiary amine, was done. By using gravitometric and dilatometric methods, etc., studies on volumetric shrinkage, isothermal cure shrinkage, and density versus cure time plots were done. The cure reactions of these benzoxazines were carried out at 140 and 160°C. The results show that all benzoxazine systems exhibit apparent volumetric expansion after polymerization, that is, the densities of monomers are larger than are those of polymers at room temperature. But, meanwhile, they exhibit volumetric shrinkage while curing isothermally. The results also show that the higher the cure temperature is, the larger the cure shrinkage of the benzoxazines will be and that the extent of the cure shrinkage of the benzoxazines with the aid of catalysts is larger than is that of thermal polymerization systems. The reason for this is that, accelerated by catalysts, the polymerization rate become faster and the extent of polymerizatiom becomes larger. It is obvious that catalysts can make a notable impact on the cure reaction of benzoxazines. Therefore, the dimension of the volumetric expansion of benzoxazine is associated with its polymerization mechanism, molecular structure, and extent of polymerization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1107–1113, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10267
Adsorption of congo red using ethylenediamine modified wheat straw

The natural wheat straw (NWS) was modified by ethylenediamine and the modified wheat straw (MWS) was used as adsorbent for removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Analysis of FTIR and nitrogen element showed that amino group was introduced to NWS. A batch system was applied to study the behavior of CR adsorption on MWS. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and dye concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson models and Koble-Corrigan. Redlich–Peterson and Koble-Corrigan models provided the best correlation. The adsorption capacities from Langmuir model were 68.6 mg g–1 at 293 K. Adsorption kinetic data were fitted using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Elovish model and intraparticle diffusion model. The results showed that the Elovish model was best to fit the kinetic process, which suggested that ion exchange was one of main mechanism. The effective diffusi.
Porous ceramic bed supports for fused silica packed capillary columns used in liquid chromatography

Porous ceramic bed supports for fused silica packed capillary columns utilized in liquid chromatography were prepared by polymerizing solutions containing potassium silicate in-situ within a column to create a mechanically stable, rugged, and easily constructed termination. The effect of the bed support length on efficiency, and comparisons to glass wool bed supports, were considered in terms of column efficiencies and hydrodynamic variables. Results obtained indicate better performance for the ceramic bed support.
Laser-induced plume expansion from a silicon wafer in a wide range of ambient gas pressure

Expansion of the laser plume into surrounding gas is considered in the range of ambient gas pressure from 0.1 bar to 1 bar using a kinetic approach. Plume is generated by a nanosecond laser pulse irradiating a silicon wafer. Absorption of laser radiation by the silicon wafer, its heating and melting are described by a two-dimensional thermal model. Axisymmetric flow in the laser plume is calculated by the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. Collisions between molecules are described by the hard spheres - Larsen-Borgnakke model. Ablation rate is found from the Hertz-Knudsen equation with taking into account of the back flux of atoms re-deposited at the surface from the plume. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of surrounding gas pressure and its chemical composition on the flow patterns and mixture process in the ablation plume and deposition of the ablated material back to the irradiated surface.
Apparatus to photograph the whole sky

Some form of preliminary reduction of the angle of view is required before taking a photograph which includes a field of 180°. A highly divergent meniscus lens, designed by Mr Robin Hill, is used for this purpose. The different forms of distortion, one of which is necessary to project an angle of view of 180° upon a flat surface, are discussed and previous attempts to reproduce the field of view as seen by a fish are outlined. The method of reproducing normal photographs from small portions of the complete photographs is described.
Citrus residues: A potential source of phenolics with high antioxidant values

This work explores underutilized Lemon (Citrus limon) and Galgal (Citrus pseudolimon) residues for their phenolic contents and in-vitro antioxidant activities. Methanolic extracts from different parts of these two Citrus species were tested for total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, % inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and reducing power by using respective in-vitro antioxidant model assays. The percentage yield of extracts, total phenolic and flavonoid contents among parts tested varied from 6.13 – 24.20 g/100g, 98.20 – 199.18 (mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract) and 19.95 – 39.60 (mg catechin equivalent/g of extract), respectively. Percent inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH radical scavenging capacity for the tested extracts ranged between 3160 and 40-62%, respectively. The overall order of antioxidant potential among parts of Citrus species was established to be: C. pseudolimon leave > C. limon leave > C. pseudolimon peel > C. limon peel > C. pseudolimon seed ≈ C. limon seed. It could be concluded that extracts of Citrus fruit residues, especially, leaves can be explored as an economically viable source of natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals.
Labeling of Antibodies with Cy3‐, Cy3.5‐, Cy5‐, and Cy5.5‐monofunctional Dyes at Defined Dye/Protein Ratios

In a recent study [Gruber et al. (2000) Bioconjugate Chem. 11, 696 – 704] the fluorescence signal per labeled antibody has been related to the number of bound Cy dye per protein molecule. Unexpectedly, a strong anomalous fluorescence enhancement was observed when Cy3 or Cy3.5 were covalently bound to protein, whereas fluorescence loss occurred when Cy5 or Cy5.5 were attached to protein. Moreover, up to eight Cy3 or Cy3.5 molecules could be bound per antibody molecule before the cumulative fluorescence output reached a maximum, while labeling of antibodies with more than three Cy5 molecules was counterproductive. These findings are of particular relevance to the use of Cy dye-labeled proteins in single molecule fluorescence microscopy. The manuscript for the already published article originally contained detailed information on how to adjust the average numbers of dyes per antibody. These protocols, however, became obsolete when the commercial supplier changed the quantity and quality (much higher succinimdyl ester content) of the Cy dye portions “to label 1 mg protein”. The present study describes the adjustment of the desired Cy dye/IgG ratios by variation of protein concentration, dye concentration, and pH in the labeling reaction, based upon the new, purer Cy dye reagents. In combination with the already published study, these data allow to aim at optimal fluorescence of labeled antibody by chosing proper labeling conditions. The complete poster can be viewed at: http://www.bphys. uni-linz.ac. at/bioph/download/label.pdf.
Does Fiber Glass Pose a Respiratory System Cancer Risk in Humans? Latest Findings from the US Cohort and Nested Case-control Studies

We report findings to date from our 1992 follow-up of the US fiber glass (FG) worker cohort, which includes 32110 workers from 10 study plants. Key findings include: (i) in all but one study plant, a higher prevalence of ‘ever’ cigarette smoking among male FG workers compared to the US and respective state populations; (ii) cigarette smoking strongly predicts respiratory system cancer (RSC) risk, strongly confounds the comparison of RSC risk between FG workers and the general population, and weakly confounds the exposure–response relationship between respirable fiber (RFib) and RSC; (iii) an overall 7% local county rate-based mortality excess for RSC among male workers appears to be entirely explained by positive confounding by smoking; (iv) the overall risk of mesothelioma does not appear to be elevated; (v) RSC risk does not increase with increasing levels of the categorical (weighted or unweighted) or quantitative (unweighted) RFib exposure measures considered; and (vi) with the possible exception of formaldehyde and silica, no positive associations were identified between RSC risk and any of the other co-exposures considered. Our findings to date from external comparisons in the cohort study and internal comparisons in the case-control study suggest that exposure to RFib at the levels encountered in the study plants is not associated with an increased risk of RSC or mesothelioma. These findings are generally similar to our previous 1985 follow-up of the original FG cohort, and to those other cohort studies of FG production workers conducted in the US, Canada and Europe. Ongoing or planned analyses include plant-specific analyses and will consider small diameter, special-application glass fibers and possibly more sensitive measures of fiber exposure that account for such features as biopersistence and solubility.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of synthesize NiO nanoparticle and nanocomposite; Application of them for electrochemical drug analysis

In first section, we study synthesis of nanoparticle and nanocomposite NiO based compound at a carbon nanotubes as a substrate. Synthesis nanoparticle and nanocomposite were characterized using different methods such as XRD, TEM, SEM and EDAX. Results shows good synthesize of nanoparticle and nanocomposite in low size. Finally we used the NiO/CNTs nanocomposite at a carbon paste electrode in the presence of ionic liquids as a sensor for determination of Morphine, Diclofenac and NADH. Result shows that in the presence of nanostructure current density can be improved for drug analysis. Different thermodynamic and kinetic parameter was determined for drug at a surface of modified electrode. In secondary section, we report our findings on relative energies, geometric properties and the intramolecular hydrogen bond strength of 48 possible conformers of Droxidopa (DD) by means of the quantum chemistry method (DFT). These were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G ** level of theory in all conformers of Droxidopa. Harmonic vibrational frequencies were estimated at the same level to account the zero point vibrational energy (ZPVE) correction. Hydrogen bond energies for all conformers of Droxidopa were obtained from the Espinosa method. Solvent effects are estimated by the polarizable continuum model (PCM) at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. The „„atoms in molecules‟‟ theory of Bader was used to analyze critical points and to study the nature of hydrogen bond in these molecules. Also Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was also performed for better understanding the nature of intramolecular interactions. Natural Bond Orbital analysis data, the electron density and laplacian properties as well as ν (O.H) and ɣ (O.H) have been used to evaluate the hydrogen bonding interactions. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) with frontier orbital gap are presented. In Continue were examined to the adsorption of nickel oxide on functionalized carbon nanotubes (5,5).
Determination of hippuric acid in biological fluids using single drop liquid–liquid-liquid microextraction

A simple, sensitive, and inexpensive single drop liquid–liquid-liquid microextraction (LLLME) followed by isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and UV detection was developed for determination of hippuric acid in human urine and serum samples. The analyte was extracted from an acidic aqueous sample solution (pH 3) through a thin layer of organic solvent membrane and back-extracted to a basic acceptor drop (pH 11) suspended on the tip of a 10-μL HPLC syringe in the organic layer. The influence of several important parameters on extraction efficiency of hippuric acid was evaluated. Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 1–400 μg L−1 with coefficient of determination 0.998. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3 and 1.0 μg L−1, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision were in the range of 1.1–2.7% and 1.1–3.1%, respectively. This procedure was successfully applied to the determination of hippuric acid in spiked urine and serum samples with satisfactory results. The relative recoveries of urine and serum samples ranged from 91.4 to 99.3%, with relative standard deviations varying from 1.6 to 4.2%.
Novel relationships between some coordinate systems and their effects on mechanics of an intrinsically curved filament

The fixed frame, Frenet-Serret frame and generalized Frenet-Serret frame are commonly used coordinate systems in the study of a filament or a moving rigid body. In terms of Eulerian angles, we derive some relations in these frames and apply these relations to find some significant results. Especially, we find the angle between the normal of centerline of a filament and the line of nodes which is the crossover between the horizontal plane of fixed frame and normal plane of centerline. We prove that the general solution of a set of nonlinear differential equations represents a circular helix or the corresponding filament has a unique helical ground-state configuration. We show that the effective description of a planar filament depends on the value of its torsional modulus. Finally, we find the expression of energy for a three-dimensional intrinsically curved filament when its cross-section area vanishes, and show that under an applied force the finite intrinsic curvature alone can induce a discontinuous transition in extension.
Ibuprofen Tablets Compression - coated with Grewia mollis Gum for Colonic Delivery

Aim: This research was aimed at evaluating the use of Grewia mollis Juss. (Tiliaceae) stem bark gum as a compression coating-agent in a formulation intended to deliver ibuprofen to the colon. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (both in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Kaduna Laboratory between October 2012 and March 2014. Methods: Ibuprofen core tablets were prepared by the direct compression method and four different compression-coated formulations were produced using powdered and granulated Grewia gum (GG) or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The compression-coated tablets were also evaluated for tablet parameters; the in vitro drug release studies were carried out in different simulated gastro-intestinal fluids. An in vivo study was conducted in New Zealand rabbits using the optimized compression-coated tablet and compared with a conventional ibuprofen tablets. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from concentration of ibuprofen in the rabbit plasma using the high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Original Research Article Olayemi et al.; BJPR, 6(2): 107-120, 2015; Article no.BJPR. 2015.054 108 Results: The tablets that were compression-coated with powdered GG showed better ability to offer barrier to drug release and to deliver the drug to the colon than those coated with granulated polymers. The tablets coated with powdered GG coated exhibited greater propensity to deliver ibuprofen to the colon than the other coated tablets. A lower Cmax, longer t1/2 of 8.66 h, longer MRT (7.43 h) and shorter ke (0.08 h ) revealed that ibuprofen remained in the system for a longer period after oral administration of F2 than when MKT was administered. A high correlation coefficient (0.926) was obtained from the in vitro drug release studies and in vivo studies from F2 indicating that a good relationship was established between both studies. Conclusion: The results of this study have been able to establish that Grewia mollis stem bark gum can be used to effectively deliver ibuprofen to the colon.
Smooth perovskite thin films and efficient perovskite solar cells prepared by the hybrid deposition method

We provide details on the development of instrumentation and methodology to overcome the common difficulties that the vacuum-related techniques face for fabrication of perovskite thin films and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Our methodology relies on precisely controlling the flow of methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I, MAI), which has a high-vapor pressure nature, and the deposition rate of metal halides (PbCl2 or PbI2). This hybrid deposition method allows the growth of perovskite films with smooth surface, good crystallinity, high surface coverage, uniform chemical composition and semi-transparency. We also systematically investigated the effects of the evaporation source materials (PbCl2 : MAI versus PbI2 : MAI), substrate temperatures, and post-annealing on the properties of perovskite films, as well as device performances based on this method. By employing a thin perovskite film (<200 nm), the power conversion efficiency of PSC can be as high as 11.5%.
Breakdown Conditioning Chacteristics of Precision-Surface-Treatment-Electrode in Vacuum

Kastumi Kato Member (Nagoya University, kato@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Yuji Fukuoka Member (Nagoya University, fukuoka@okubo.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Yukihiko Inagawa Non-member (Nagoya University, y-inagaw@okubo.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Hitoshi Saitoh Member (Japan AE Power Systems Corporation, saito-hitoshi@mb.jaeps.com) Masayuki Sakaki Member (Japan AE Power Systems Corporation, sakaki-masayuki@mb.jaeps.com ) Hitoshi Okubo Member (Nagoya University, okubo@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp)
Cluster optimization simplified by interaction modification

Even when interactions are known exactly, it is generally very difficult to determine the lowest‐energy configuration (a global potential energy minimum) for clusters with more than very few atoms or molecules. In mathematical parlance this is an NP‐complete problem. A nonlinear optimization strategy, the ‘‘ant–lion method,’’ has been proposed to accelerate the search for global minima, and works by adroitly deforming the potential surface to produce overwhelming dominance by global minimum potential energy basins. This strategy is illustrated by application to clusters of 13 noble gas atoms. Monte Carlo results demonstrate that reduction of p in the pair potential 4(r−2p−r−p) below the ‘‘physical’’ value 6 produces a dramatic rise to essentially unity in probability of random encounter with the global minimum basins (icosahedral clusters).