Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trunk river and tributary interactions recorded in the Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphy of the Po Plain (northern Italy)

Tributary rivers can contribute significantly to alluvial‐plain construction by supplying large volumes of clastic material. Their relation to the main axial river strongly influences sediment deposition and preservation. The Po Plain is fed by the Po River and a dense network of transverse tributaries draining the nearby Alpine and Apennine chains. Stratigraphic, sedimentological, petrographic and geochemical analyses on 38 cores permitted detailed differentiation of Po and Apennine sedimentary units. Po River deposits are vertically stacked channel‐belt sand bodies with high contents of quartz–feldspar and metamorphic rock fragments, combined with high chromium levels. These sand bodies, 20 to 30 km wide, are replaced southward by finer‐grained deposits that represent the distal Apennine tributary‐rivers system. Apennine sands, confined in narrow ribbons, show lower quartz–feldspar contents, abundant sedimentary lithics and lower chromium levels. In the last 870 kyr, the boundary between the Po and the Apennine sediment delivery systems shifted along a north–south axis in response to distinct controlling factors. A 20 km northward shift of the Po channel belt, possibly related to a tectonic event, is recorded across a regional unconformity dating to the Marine Isotope Stage 12/11 transition. High sediment supply rates during glacial‐lowstand periods widened the Po channel belt southward towards the Apennine domain for a few kilometres. The Last Glacial Maximum channel‐belt sand body, 30 km wide and 40 m thick, progressively narrowed northward after the glacial culmination. During the Holocene, channel patterns became avulsive and distributive. Narrow channel belts (<3 km) formed along the Po River branches, and abundant swamp and poorly drained‐floodplain muds were preserved in interfluvial areas. Activation and deactivation of the Po branches resulted in sharp narrowing and widening of the area available for Apennine‐rivers sedimentation. This work provides insights into tributary‐trunk river relations which control grain‐size distribution and compositional characters of subsurface deposits.
Effects of varying levels of dietary palm oil in concentrate rations on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention in Red Sokoto goats

Twenty Red Sokoto bucks (average liveweight of 21.4±3.2 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of varying levels of palm oil (PO) in concentraterations on nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention. Five iso-nitrogenous concentrate supplements (CP 160 g/kg concentrate) compounded with 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 g palm oil/kg of concentrate, were used to supplement a basal diet of wooly finger grass (Digitaria smutsii, Stent) hay. The five supplements were designated as treatments 0-PO (control), 40-PO, 80-PO, 120-PO and 160- PO. The bucks were each fed 536 g/d of hay, and 343 g/d of concentrate to give a ratio of 60:40 hay to concentrate. Results showed that inclusion of PO in the concentrate rations did not affect (P>0.05) total dry matter intake of the goats but intake values declined slightly with further increase in levels of PO beyond 40 g/kg concentrate. No adverse effects on total tract digestibility of nutrients were observed. Nitrogen retention of the goats was positive and not affected (P>0.05) by dietary levels of PO. It was concluded that inclusion of palm oil in the concentrate supplement beyond 40 g/kg level for the Red Sokoto goats marginally depressed total dry matter intake, but had no adverse effects on the total tract digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen retention. Keywords : Goats, Palm oil, Nutrient digestibility, Nitrogen retention
An Investigation into Turkish EFL Learners’ Academic Writing Motivation

Article History: Purpose: The present study aims to determine which factors could influence the learners’ motivation to write in English academically and its relationship with their gender and majors. It also seeks to contribute to the instructors teaching writing lessons to determine their students’ writing motivation and possible ways to increase it. Research Methods: The Academic Writing Motivation Questionnaire (Payne, 2012) was conducted on 65 participants studying English at a state university’s preparatory classes during the 2018/2019 academic year in Turkey. The data were subjected to SPSS software. Findings: The study results revealed that EFL learners had an average level of motivation in writing. Furthermore, female learners had a higher motivational level on the scales of enjoyment, instrumentality and effort than males. Based on the participants’ majors, it was found Received: 19 Jan.2020 Received in revised form: 17 Sept. 2020 Accepted: 23 Feb 2021 DOI: 10.14689/ejer.2021. 93.8
Biological Characteristics and Genomic Analysis of Aeromonas Hydrophila Phage BUCT551 Isolated From Aquatic Sewage

Aeromonas hydrophila is a common opportunistic pathogen in aquaculture and is ubiquitous in aquatic environment. Whereby its accessibility, variety and host specificity, phage is increasingly considered as a promising complementary medicine for antibiotics. However, a small amount of A. hydrophila phages have been characterized, which suggests the significance to isolate and characterize novel A. hydrophila phages. In this study, we isolated a novel Aeromonas hydrophila phage using A. hydrophila strain A18 as an indicator and designated it as BUCT551, and it was identified as Myoviridae phage by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The whole genome sequencing of the phage BUCT551 revealed that it has a linear DNA genome of 613,82 bp. BLASTn analysis showed that phage BUCT551 shared 86.75% homology with A. hydrophila phage LAh_7 (Genebank ID: MK838113.1). The one-step growth curve demonstrated that phage BUCT551 had a latent period of 20 min and the burst size of 32 pfu/cell at its optimal MOI of 0.1. The phage BUCT551 had a survival pH range from 5 to 10 and tolerant temperature from 0℃ to 40℃. Host range analysis shown that the phage was able to lyse not only A. hydrophila, but also A. veronii.
Recent Advancement of Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fibers for Sensing Applications

Specialty fibers have enabled a wide range of sensing applications. Particularly, with the recent advancement of anti-resonant effects, specialty fibers with hollow structures offer a unique sensing platform to achieve highly accurate and ultra-compact fiber optic sensors with large measurement ranges. This review presents an overview of recent progress in anti-resonant hollow-core fibers for sensing applications. Both regular and irregular-shaped fibers and their performance in various sensing scenarios are summarized. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions are briefly presented with some perspectives toward the future development of anti-resonant hollow-core fibers for advanced sensing.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteriocin-Producing Bacillus spp from Rastrineobola argentea (Omena) with Activity against Bovine Mastitis Bacterial Pathogens

Rampant use of antibiotics has increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria in both animals and humans. This has triggered the investigation of novel antimicrobial agents produced by a bacterial strain of low virulence with antimicrobial activity with a wide range of clinical significance. This study sought to extract bacteriocins from Bacillus spp that were isolated and identified from Omena (Rastrineobola argentea) and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial effect of the obtained bacteriocin against bovine mastitis pathogens. Samples were collected from Lake Victoria using a completely randomized design method followed by isolation of the bacteriocin producing Bacillus spp. Characterization and identification of isolates was done by Gram staining, morphology and Biochemical tests which included catalase, nitrate reduction, methyl Red,-Voges-Proskauer, indole, motility and hydrogen sulphide, growth on Simmons citrate agar, triple sugar iron agar and starch hydrolysis. Antimicrobial activity was done using disc diffusion methods on the nutrient agar and zone of the inhibition measured after 24hours. An analytical profile index system (API 50CH BE, Biomerieux, Inc, France), was also used for identification. Molecular characterization was done by extracting genomic DNA using Qiagen DNA isolation Kit (Qiagen Germany) using the manufacturer's instructions. The gene encoding the 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR using universal bacterial primers pair combination of forwarding primer 27F forward (5′-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3′) and 1492R reverse, (5′-GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T-3′) about Escherichia coli gene sequence. A total of 60 pure isolates were obtained from Omena samples from Lake. Victoria. Morphological characteristics showed varied colour, form, shape and elevation of the pure colonies. About 54 isolates (90%) were gram-positive with spores, while 6 (10%) were gram-negative. Biochemical tests showed varied results among the bacterial isolates. 28 isolates showed antimicrobial activity on E. coli and S. aureus with inhibition measuring between 17-30mm. Analytical profile index system also showed that 20 isolates (71%) were identified as Bacillus subtilis, three isolates (11%) identified as Bacillus pumilus and five isolates (18%) Bacillus mycoides. The Blast analysis of the partial sequences showed100% of the strains of genus Bacillus within the Firmicutes in the domain bacteria. Twenty (20) isolates belong to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides represent 18% (5 isolates) while Bacillus pumilus constituted 11% (3 isolates). This study contributes to understanding the use of bacteriocin in the control of diseases in dairy animal farming in Kenya.
AI-Improved Resolution Projections of Population Characteristics and Imperviousness Can Improve Resolution and Accuracy of Urban Flood Predictions

Interactions between urban populations and the water cycle occur across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Cities are heavy water users and, in aggregate, have a dramatic influence on basinscale water systems by moving large volumes of water. However, urban influences on the water cycle are much more distributed than the settlements themselves. Hydraulic infrastructure, combined with agriculture functioning as a buffer, enables cities to maintain highly stable and robust water deliveries, even in the face of extreme inter-annual variation in natural water flows. This infrastructure enables localized shortages to be transferred across regions, and even to different hydraulic basins. Urban heat island effects may influence regional-scale precipitation extremes (Singh et al. 2020). These feedbacks influence local and basin-scale extreme events, which may in turn influence future settlement patterns.
Traditional algarvian distillats and liqueurs historic scientific aspects

All the evidence indicates that distillation and liqueurs preparation began in Monchique mountain because this place was pointed as a possible capital of the oldest population of Algarve and an important Arabic village (Barreto, 1972: 19). It was possible to find lots of vestiges like the alembic produced by Arabic population near the X century (Telo, 1988: 77). Traditionally the Algarvian people produce the Arbutus unedo L. , fig, carob, grape distillates. At the same time they produce liqueur-using maceration of parts of plants or fruits in some kinds of distillates. Most of the work about Algarvian distillates started by studying the basic compounds of Arbutus unedo spirits by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) as well as other physical-chemical properties. In a second phase aged distillates were studied by their phenolic compounds evolution using high resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC). Volatile compounds of traditional liqueurs were identified by head space micro extraction solid phase (HE-SPME) and also analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and when possible confirmed with standards. Total phenols were determined by Folin-Ciocalteur method. Flavenoids were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sensorial analysis was also done in every drink studies. The results showed that the arbutus distillate doesn’t present a high level of methanol according to the current legislation. The excesses of acidity or ethyl acetate present normal values when the fermentation is well done (Galego, et al. 1995: 341; Galego, et al. 1995: 685). During the aging process, the colour of spirits tend to become darker, the colour changes occurred more rapidly in the arbutus spirits located in cellars with higher temperatures (Galego, et al. 2001: 432). In the sensory evaluation of samples aged during 12 months into 50 L medium toasting level oak wood barrels, panellists considered that samples of arbutus spirit had too much wood flavour and they were not able to detect the characteristic aroma of arbutus fruit (Galego, et al., 2001: 183). Differences in liqueurs were observed using HS-SPME-GC, HS-SPME-GC-MS or HPLC analysis and this observation was confirmed by a sensorial panel (Galego, et al. 2003: 60).
Biologically Derived Gels for the Cleaning of Historical and Artistic Metal Heritage

In the general global rise of attention and research to seek greener attitudes, the field of cultural heritage (CH) makes no exception. In the last decades, an increasing number of sustainable and biologically based solutions have been proposed for the protection and care of artworks. Additionally, the safety of the target artwork and the operator must be kept as core goals. Within this scenario, new products and treatments should be explored and implemented in the common conservation praxes. Therefore, this review addressing metal heritage is aimed to report biologically derived gel formulations already proposed for this specific area as reliable tools for cleaning. Promising bio-gel-based protocols, still to be implemented in metal conservation, are also presented to promote their investigation by stakeholders in metal conservation. After an opening overview on the common practices for cleaning metallic surfaces in CH, the focus will be moved onto the potentialities of gel-alternatives and in particular of ones with a biological origin. In more detail, we displayed water-gels (i.e., hydrogels) and solvent-gels (i.e., organogels) together with particular attention to bio-solvents. The discussion is closed in light of the state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
Spatial Variability of Finer Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Mass Concentrations over the Jammu Urban Area

Atmospheric fine aerosols (PM 2.5 ) have become a major concern in the context of rapidly deteriorating urban air quality by significantly affecting air quality, visibility, human health, and the earth’s climate. In this work, PM 2.5 aerosol samples were collected during the summer (May-June) season at three different sites of Jammu urban area, Jammu and Kashmir. Significant site-specific spatial variation in PM 2.5 mass concentrations was observed. The highest mass concentration of PM 2.5 was observed at Site-2, a commercial hub with an average concentration 89.8 μg/m 3 ± 34.7, and at Site-3, an Institutional area having an average PM 2.5 concentration 67.9 μg/m 3 ± 28.7 while the lowest concentrations were reported at Site-1, a residential area having an average concentration of 49.4 μg/m 3 ± 22.7. Besides, 22.2%, 77.8%, and 44.4% of the samples at Site-1, Site-2, and Site-3, respectively exceeded National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 60 μg/m 3 prescribed by CPCB. The high PM 2.5 in the commercial area can be attributed to higher vehicular movement and commercial activities. Site-3, University of Jammu, is an Institutional area where high concentrations of PM 2.5 are possibly due to high vehicular movement in the campus and the use of generators for power backup.
Analysis of a glide path creation necessity at the initial stages of endodontic treatment

Aim. Article is to detail the positive and negative aspects associated with the creation of a glide path with various types of endodontic instruments.Materials and methods. During a systematic review of the literature, Russian – and English-language publications were studied in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar. Articles, the content of which concerns the methods of creating a glide path, as well as possible complications were included in analysis.Results. 60 articles were reviewed during the review. After analyzing the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 32.Conclusions. According to the studied literature, it can be said that the glide path provides a predictable behavior of rotary tools and it is a recommended condition for achieving the success of endodontic treatment at the stage of canal mechanical treatment and preventing iatrogenic complications.
Timing-specific effects of single-session M1 anodal tDCS on motor sequence retention in healthy older adults

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may assist in counteracting age-related decline in cognitive and motor functions. The current study investigated the potential impact of anodal tDCS, and the timing of its application, in mitigating age-related deficits in motor sequence learning.Forty-eight healthy older adults received, over the primary motor cortex (M1), tDCS – anodal and sham at least 1 week apart – before, during or after an explicit sequence-learning task with electrophysiological measures of corticospinal excitability (CSE) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) also obtained.Bayesian analyses revealed no generalised benefit of anodal tDCS to motor acquisition and immediate retention. Furthermore, there was not enough evidence to support timing-specific stimulation differences on performance during acquisition and immediate retention. However, performance at delayed retention – measured 24 h after acquisition – was worse in the anodal (13.1%) than sham (17.6%) tDCS session for the group receiving tDCS during sequence acquisition, but not before (anodal: 18.4%; sham: 16.7%) or after (anodal: 18.5%; sham: 16.3%) it. No corresponding task-specific stimulation-based changes in CSE and SICI were observed.Thus, single-session M1 anodal tDCS in healthy older adults not only proved ineffective in facilitating sequence acquisition and immediate retention but also, when administered during sequence learning, proved detrimental to delayed retention. Overall, these null and negative results may have implications for the use of tDCS in clinical and rehabilitative settings, especially in the elderly.
Effective Factors on Equilibrium Relative Humidity of Agricultural Products

The ERH step-by-step determinating technique was performed to measure the desorption and adsorption properties of seven agricultural products dried with different temperatures to compare the factors affecting ERH/EMC properties. The results indicated that the effect of drying temperature on ERH/EMC properties was significant for rough rice, corn kernels, and corn cobs, however, the effect of these properties is not obvious for soybeans and red beans. The hysteresis of corn kernels was reduced by the drying temperatures, however, those of rough rice was not affected by drying treatments. Little moisture hysteresis was appeared in soybeans and red beans. Comparing of this present study with previously published data for agricultural products, there was a good agreement among ERH/EMC data from different sources for the products of rough rice, brown rice, corn cobs and red beans. The inconsistent results were found for soybeans. The serious diversity of the scattering data indicated those properties of corn kernels and sorghum kernels were affected by different factors.
Splay Tree Hybridized Multicriteria ant Colony and Bregman Divergencive Firefly Optimized Vlsi Floorplanning

Floorplanning is a basic designing step in VLSI circuit to estimate chip area before the optimized placement of digital blocks and their connections. The process of Floorplanning involves identifying the locations, shape, and size of components in a chip. The floorplanning is a hard problem since the consumption of energy and heat generation was high for the placement of modules. In order to improve the optimized floor planning, a novel Splay tree Hybridized Multicriteria Ant Colony and Bregman Divergencive Firefly Optimized Floor Planning (STHMAC-BDFOFP) technique is proposed. Main objective of STHMAC-BDFOFP technique is to efficient floor planning with minimum time. Initially, a number of modules are given with their connections obtained from benchmark dataset. In STHMAC-BDFOFP, a Splay tree-based non-slicing floor planning model constructing trees via modeling geometric relationship among modules. A splay tree is build after performing different operations namely splaying, join, split, insertion, and deletion on modules for floor planning. The constructed floorplan design is optimized by Hybridized Multicriteria Ant Colony and Bregman Divergencive Firefly algorithm. At first, the ant colony optimization is applied for finding the local optimum solution from the population of modules in the Splay tree with Multicriteria functions namely energy consumption, heat generation, space occupied, and wire length. Depends on fitness measure, the local optimum solution is determined. Then the global solution is attained by applying the Bregman Divergencive Firefly ranked algorithm. In this way, optimum modules in the splay tree are identified and obtain efficient floorplanning in VLSI design. Discussed results indicate that STHMAC-BDFOFP technique improves the performance of energy and heat aware floor planning as compared to conventional works.
Soft Robotic Manipulation System Capable of Stiffness Variation and Dexterous Operation for Safe Human–Machine Interactions

Soft robots have attracted great attention in the past decades owing to their unique flexibility and adaptability for accomplishing tasks via simple control strategies, as well as their inherent safety for interactions with humans and environments. Here, a soft robotic manipulation system capable of stiffness variation and dexterous operations through a remotely controlled manner is reported. The smart manipulation system consists of a soft omnidirectional arm, a dexterous multimaterial gripper, and a self‐powered human–machine interface (HMI) for teleoperation. The cable‐driven soft arm is made of soft elastomers and embedded with low melting point alloy as a stiffness‐tuning mechanism. The self‐powered HMI patches are designed based on the triboelectric nanogenerator that utilizes a sliding mode of tribo‐layers made of copper and polytetrafluoroethylene. The novel soft manipulation system has great potential for soft and remote manipulation and human machine interactions in a variety of applications from elderly care to surgical operation to agriculture harvesting.