Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed fiber optic fuel leak detection system

With the increase worldwide demand for hydrocarbon fuels and the vast development of new fuel production and delivery infrastructure installations around the world, there is a growing need for reliable fuel leak detection technologies to provide safety and reduce environmental risks. Hydrocarbon leaks (gas or liquid) pose an extreme danger and need to be detected very quickly to avoid potential disasters. Gas leaks have the greatest potential for causing damage due to the explosion risk from the dispersion of gas clouds. This paper describes progress towards the development of a fast response, high sensitivity, distributed fiber optic fuel leak detection (HySenseTM) system based on the use of an optical fiber that uses a hydrocarbon sensitive fluorescent coating to detect the presence of fuel leaks present in close proximity along the length of the sensor fiber. The HySenseTM system operates in two modes, leak detection and leak localization, and will trigger an alarm within seconds of exposure contact. The fast and accurate response of the sensor provides reliable fluid leak detection for pipelines, tanks, airports, pumps, and valves to detect and minimize any potential catastrophic damage.
Accurate per-pixel hand detection from a single depth image

Abstract. Per-pixel hand detection plays an important role in many human–computer interaction applications while accurate and robust hand detection remains a challenging task due to the large appearance variance of hands in images. We introduce a per-pixel hand detection system using one single depth image. We propose a circle sampling depth-context feature for hand regions representation, and a multilayered hand detection model is built for hand regions detection. Finally, a postprocessing step based on spatial constraints is applied to refine the detection results and further improve the detection accuracy. We evaluate the accuracy of our method on a public dataset and investigate the effect of key parameters in our system. The results of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation reveal that the proposed method performs well on per-pixel hand detection tasks. Furthermore, an additional experiment on hand parts segmentation proves that the depth-context feature has a generalization power for more complex multiclass classification tasks.
Optimized Distributed BLAST for Cooperative Relay Networks

In this paper, we introduce optimized distributed bell laboratory layered space-time (OD-BLAST) for cooperative communication in wireless relay networks. Every potential relay node is equipped with a signal antenna, and the set of cooperating nodes is a priori unknown. In order to avoid the centralized stream and pilot allocation between cooperating nodes, a fixed signature vector (SV) is assigned for each potential relay node in the network.We analyze the constraints on the proposed schemes, and derive an optimization criterion for the SVs. A numerical method for SV design is provided and compared with randomly generated SVs. Simulation results confirm that the performance loss of OD-BLAST compared to centralized distributed BLAST is small for large number of cooperative relay nodes.
Unlabeled flow cellular deformation measurement based on digital holographic microscopy

Living cells as phase objects require not only non-invasive measurement but also quantitative phase information during dynamic biopsy. Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), measuring three-dimensional morphology without changing the active condition of cells and in situ inspection, is becoming excellent tools for biology research. We have described a DHM method for quantitative, unlabeled observation of living cell subjected to fluid shear stress (FSS) in flowing fluid. The holographic recording system combined with the fluid shear system is improved. The numerical reconstruction technique firstly employed deep learning Convolutional Neural Network model filter, which achieved automatically processing large scale the spectrum of holograms immediately. Osteocytes as the experimental samples were observed and their morphological changes under the stimulation of FSS was successfully measured.
Active vibration control using piezoelectric smart disks

In high—precision motion systems, like wafer stages and electron microscopes, mechanical vibrations are a major point of concern. Often, these vibrations have small amplitudes (micrometers) and relatively high frequency (> 50 Hz). The so-called Smart Disc (a combined piezoelectric actuator and sensor) is a device that might be used to suppress these vibrations actively. The feasibility of the Smart Disc concept is investigated, using an experimental set-up, consisting of a double mass-spring system, with two Smart Discs. This system has two badly damped resonance modes, to be damped by the Smart Disc(s) , by means of feedback of the measured local interaction forces to the actuated displacements. The corresponding control problem, is to minimize the vibrations of the two masses, as a result of a disturbing force. With the experimental set-up, some aspects have been investigated. In the modelling phase, the system revealed high-frequent (3 kHz) resonance peaks, which appeared to originate from the Smart Disc housings. These dynamics have been identified and taken into account in the control design. Because of these high-frequent dynamics near the Nyquist frequency, and the high gain at that frequency (which is inherent to the Smart Disc concept) discrete time effects have been taken into account explicitly. Besides conventional active vibration control strategies, more sophisticated (MIMO H , discrete time) control design strategies have been applied successfully.
The Large Millimeter Telescope

This paper, presented on behalf of the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) project team, describes the status and near-term plans for the telescope and its initial instrumentation. The LMT is a bi-national collaboration between Mexico and the USA, led by the Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE) and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, to construct, commission and operate a 50m-diameter millimeter-wave radio telescope. Construction activities are nearly complete at the 4600m LMT site on the summit of Sierra Negra, an extinct volcano in the Mexican state of Puebla. Full movement of the telescope, under computer control in both azimuth and elevation, has been achieved. First-light at centimeter wavelengths on astronomical sources was obtained in November 2006. Installation of precision surface segments for millimeter-wave operation is underway, with the inner 32m-diameter of the surface now complete and ready to be used to obtain first light at millimeter wavelengths in 2008. Installation of the remainder of the reflector will continue during the next year and be completed in 2009 for final commissioning of the antenna. The full LMT antenna, outfitted with its initial complement of scientific instruments, will be a world-leading scientific research facility for millimeter-wave astronomy.
Modeling satellite-Earth quantum channel downlinks with adaptive-optics coupling to single-mode fibers

Abstract. The efficient coupling of photons from a free-space quantum channel into a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) has important implications for quantum network concepts involving SMF interfaces to quantum detectors, atomic systems, integrated photonics, and direct coupling to a fiber network. Propagation through atmospheric turbulence, however, leads to wavefront errors that degrade mode matching with SMFs. In a free-space quantum channel, this leads to photon losses in proportion to the severity of the aberration. This is particularly problematic for satellite-Earth quantum channels, where atmospheric turbulence can lead to significant wavefront errors. This report considers propagation from low-Earth orbit to a terrestrial ground station and evaluates the efficiency with which photons couple either through a circular field stop or into an SMF situated in the focal plane of the optical receiver. The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the quantum channel are calculated numerically and quantified through the quantum bit error rate and secure key generation rates in a decoy-state BB84 protocol. Numerical simulations include the statistical nature of Kolmogorov turbulence, sky radiance, and an adaptive-optics system under closed-loop control.
Document image binarization using ”multi-scale” predefined filters

Reading text or searching for key words within a historical document is a very challenging task. one of the first steps of the complete task is binarization, where we separate foreground such as text, figures and drawings from the background. Successful results of this important step in many cases can determine next steps to success or failure, therefore it is very vital to the success of the complete task of reading and analyzing the content of a document image. Generally, historical documents images are of poor quality due to their storage condition and degradation over time, which mostly cause to varying contrasts, stains, dirt and seeping ink from reverse side. In this paper, we use banks of anisotropic predefined filters in different scales and orientations to develop a binarization method for degraded documents and manuscripts. Using the fact, that handwritten strokes may follow different scales and orientations, we use predefined sets of filter banks having various scales, weights, and orientations to seek a compact set of filters and weights in order to generate different layers of foregrounds and background. Results of convolving these filters on the gray level image locally, weighted and accumulated to enhance the original image. Based on the different layers, seeds of components in the gray level image and a learning process, we present an improved binarization algorithm to separate the background from layers of foreground. Different layers of foreground which may be caused by seeping ink, degradation or other factors are also separated from the real foreground in a second phase. Promising experimental results were obtained on the DIBCO2011 , DIBCO2013 and H-DIBCO2016 data sets and a collection of images taken from real historical documents.
Range image registration based on hash map and moth-flame optimization

Abstract. Over the past decade, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been introduced to solve range image registration problems because of their robustness and high precision. However, EA-based range image registration algorithms are time-consuming. To reduce the computational time, an EA-based range image registration algorithm using hash map and moth-flame optimization is proposed. In this registration algorithm, a hash map is used to avoid over-exploitation in registration process. Additionally, we present a search equation that is better at exploration and a restart mechanism to avoid being trapped in local minima. We compare the proposed registration algorithm with the registration algorithms using moth-flame optimization and several state-of-the-art EA-based registration algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a lower computational cost than other algorithms and achieves similar registration precision.
Quantum algorithm for preparing thermal Gibbs states - detailed analysis

In a recent work [10], Poulin and one of us presented a quantum algorithm for preparing thermal Gibbs states of interacting quantum systems. This algorithm is based on Grovers's technique for quantum state engineering, and its running time is dominated by the factor D/Z(\beta), where D and Z(\beta) denote the dimension of the quantum system and its partition function at inverse temperature \beta, respectively. We present here a modified algorithm and a more detailed analysis of the errors that arise due to imperfect simulation of Hamiltonian time evolutions and limited performance of phase estimation (finite accuracy and nonzero probability of failure). This modfication together with the tighter analysis allows us to prove a better running time by the effect of these sources of error on the overall complexity. We think that the ideas underlying of our new analysis could also be used to prove a better performance of quantum Metropolis sampling by Temme et al. [12].
Quantum imaging for underwater arctic navigation

The precise navigation of underwater vehicles is a difficult task due to the challenges imposed by the variable oceanic environment. It is particularly difficult if the underwater vehicle is trying to navigate under the Arctic ice shelf. Indeed, in this scenario traditional navigation devices such as GPS, compasses and gyrocompasses are unavailable or unreliable. In addition, the shape and thickness of the ice shelf is variable throughout the year. Current Arctic underwater navigation systems include sonar arrays to detect the proximity to the ice. However, these systems are undesirable in a wartime environment, as the sound gives away the position of the underwater vehicle. In this paper we briefly describe the theoretical design of a quantum imaging system that could allow the safe and stealthy navigation of underwater Arctic vehicles.
Statistical shape (ASM) and appearance (AAM) models for the segmentation of the cerebellum in fetal ultrasound

The cerebellum is an important structure to determine the gestational age of the fetus, moreover most of the abnormalities it presents are related to growth disorders. In this work, we present the results of the segmentation of the fetal cerebellum applying statistical shape and appearance models. Both models were tested on ultrasound images of the fetal brain taken from 23 pregnant women, between 18 and 24 gestational weeks. The accuracy results obtained on 11 ultrasound images show a mean Hausdorff distance of 6.08 mm between the manual segmentation and the segmentation using active shape model, and a mean Hausdorff distance of 7.54 mm between the manual segmentation and the segmentation using active appearance model. The reported results demonstrate that the active shape model is more robust in the segmentation of the fetal cerebellum in ultrasound images.
Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims on foods related to the gastrointestinal tract proposed under regulation (EC) 1924/2006

Abstract Most of the requests of authorisation to the use of health claims pursuant to Regulation EC 1924/2006 related to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have received a negative opinion by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), mainly because of an insufficient substantiation of the claimed effect (CE). The present manuscript refers to the collection, collation and critical analysis of outcome variables (OVs) and methods of measurement (MMs) related to the GI tract compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. The critical evaluation of OVs and MMs was based on the literature review, with the final aim of defining their appropriateness in the context of a specific CE. The results obtained are relevant for the choice of the best OVs and MMs to be used in randomised controlled trials aimed to substantiate the claims on the GI tract. Moreover, the results can be used by EFSA for updating the guidance for the scientific requirements of such health claims. Graphical Abstract
Automated detection of fundic gland polyps from endoscopic images using SSD

In stomach lesion screening, endoscopic images provide the most effective diagnostic information. However, in the most of lesions at the initial stage, the sign of existence is hard to appear on endoscopic images, and also there is the difference in operations of endoscopes and observation of images in real time among individual medical doctors. Therefore, development of a computer aided diagnostic system (CAD system) for endoscopic images is required. In this study, we propose a method for automated detection of fundic gland polyps from endoscopic images using an object detection algorithm named SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) which is one of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). SSD used here has 20 of convolution layers and 6 of pooling layers, and the input image size is 300x300. In the experiment, 73 practical fundic gland polyp images were used. To compensate for lack of training images, augmentation was performed using image rotation and edge enhancement. We trained 8751 training images and 2188 verification images. Also, as a preprocessing, highlight areas were removed automatically from all images including both training and test samples. As a result, 94.7% of TP (true positive) rate for 73 fundic gland polyp images was obtained by using our learned SSD.
Digital scratch art painting interface

Scratch art is an artwork created by scratching on the black paint. After scratching, a part of the colorful background is emerging appear from the scratched region. Existing digital painting software enables to make some artworks including the scratch art. However, novice users are too hard to use the software. If users can color the scratch art easily, they may find their own artistic expressions and facilitate to participate in some art activities. This study presents a digital scratch art painting interface using a blob-based method proposed by Shugrina et al. The interface allows users to color by their sketches and then the gradient colors are generated automatically. Furthermore, users are possible to edit each color blob, in fact, every blob is movable and changeable its sizes. We also adopt a kubelka-munk model to mix colors based on real pigments. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed interface, we conducted the experimental evaluation. The experimental results confirmed that the usability of the proposed interface is superior to the existing painting software. This paper describes the details of the proposed interface and the experimental results.
How to make key 5G wireless technologies environmental friendly: A review

Energy efficiency in cellular networks has increasingly become important to the cellular network operators due to its significant economic and ecological influence in the forthcoming generation of wireless networks, ie, the fifth‐generation (5G) network. To pursue a vision of green communication, this study presents a comprehensive overview and discusses how the key physical layer techniques that will be adopted in the 5G technology can improve energy efficiency to achieve a sustainable wireless network. Among the key 5G technologies discussed are massive multiple‐input multiple‐output, green heterogeneous networks, green millimeter wave, green 5G device‐to‐device communication, green machine‐to‐machine communication, and energy‐efficient 5G architecture. The review concludes that the 5G technology will soon fulfill the critical requirements of low‐energy network while maintaining services with high performance. Potential research opportunities related to green 5G are also highlighted at the end of the article.
Overview and status of the Giant Magellan Telescope Project

The Giant Magellan Telescope Project is in the construction phase. Production of the primary mirror segments is underway with four of the seven required 8.4m mirrors at various stages of completion and materials purchased for segments five and six. Development of the infrastructure at the GMT site at Las Campanas is nearing completion. Power, water, and data connections sufficient to support the construction of the telescope and enclosure are in place and roads to the summit have been widened and graded to support transportation of large and heavy loads. Construction pads for the support buildings have been graded and the construction residence is being installed. A small number of issues need to be resolved before the final design of the telescope structure and enclosure can proceed and the GMT team is collecting the required inputs to the decision making process. Prototyping activities targeted at the active and adaptive optics systems are allowing us to finalize designs before large scale production of components begins. Our technically driven schedule calls for the telescope to be assembled on site in 2022 and to be ready to receive a subset of the primary and secondary mirror optics late in the year. The end date for the project is coupled to the delivery of the final primary mirror segments and the adaptive secondary mirrors that support adaptive optics operations.
Diffuse tomography

We propose a new method for reconstructing parameters of physiological interest within tissue. The novel aspect of this work is that we set out to determine not only the attenuation distribution but also the scattering characteristics of the unknown object. The model we propose contains, as a limiting case, the standard problem of X-ray tomography. In that case scattering (or diffusion) is usually ignored, and one only deals with straight paths between sources and detectors. The considerable increase in mathematical difficulty brought about by considering an unknown scattering distribution as part of the inversion problem is amply justified by the fact that at low energies - like those of an infrared laser - diffusion cannot be ignored. Numerical simulations based on a discretization of the appropriate equation describing the transport of photons through the medium are very encouraging.
Highest precision centering error measurement

The optical imaging quality of objectives is mainly influenced by the errors of the mechanical alignment of the single elements. TRIOPTICS has developed a new technology called MultiLens® in order to measure the centering error of single lenses as well as complete objectives. It is possible to measure the tilt of each single optical surface inside of a mounted objective with highest precision. We achieve accuracies in the range of an arc second. During the measurement the deviation of each centre of curvature with respect to a reference axis is measured. These data are further processed in order to provide the shift and tilt of an individual lens or group of lenses with respect to a given reference axis. The knowledge of the centering error can be used to align actively single optical elements. Applications mainly include the measurement of cell phone and digital camera lenses. However, any type of objective lens from endoscope up to very complex objective lenses used in microlithography can be measured with highest accuracy.
Cover song identification by sequence alignment algorithms

Content-based music analysis has drawn much attention due to the rapidly growing digital music market. This paper describes a method that can be used to effectively identify cover songs. A cover song is a song that preserves only the crucial melody of its reference song but different in some other acoustic properties. Hence, the beat/chroma-synchronous chromagram, which is insensitive to the variation of the timber or rhythm of songs but sensitive to the melody, is chosen. The key transposition is achieved by cyclically shifting the chromatic domain of the chromagram. By using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to obtain the time sequences of songs, the system is made even more robust. Similar structure or length between the cover songs and its reference are not necessary by the Smith-Waterman Alignment Algorithm.
On the Ramsey multiplicities of graphs - problems and recent results

Ramsey's theorem guarantees that if G is a graph, then any 2-coloring of the edges of a large enough complete graph yields a monochromatic copy of G. Interesting problems arise when one asks how many such G must occur. A survey of this and related problems is given, along with a number of new results.