Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV prevention cascade theory and its relation to social dimensions of health: a case for Nigeria

Background Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest rates of new infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Within the last three decades, majority of HIV programs in Nigeria were treatment strategies with few prevention approaches. The persistence of HIV prevalence despite the treatment blueprint has led to a concerted call to HIV Prevention Cascade (HPC) theory which ensures continuous sophisticated interrelationship that stretches beyond the biomedical interventions of treatment. To our knowledge, there is no previous review on HPC theory in Nigerian context. Objectives The aim of this review was to explore and outline the HIV/AIDS prevention cascade theory in relation to the achievement of the global 90-90-90 target set by the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS and suggest possible avenues to maximize on strengths and weaknesses of HPC in Nigeria. Methods In this mini-review, the authors utilized standardized search measures in the review of published articles in credible domains across the HPC in PubMed, Research gate, Google Scholar, Mendeley Reference Manager and Cochrane Library from January 1980 to December 2018. Referenced sections of the articles identified were used to hand-search additional references not retrieved by the initial search engines. The authors performed an evaluation of selected studies on three cascade theories: epidemiological, behavioral and social science with an integration of the supply, demand and adherence sides. Results We included nine review articles reporting three different cascade theories. Only one included study applied the cascade theories exclusively in Nigerian context. We could only conduct narrative synthesis. Conclusion There is scarceness of currently published evidence on HPC in Nigerian context. HPC allows for a paradigm shift and sequential process of events to eliminate the epidemic of HIV using HIV prevention perspectives in Nigerian settings. Since data are sparse, more research is needed on HPC theory.
A Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Model for Green Supplier Selection under the Ordered Weighted Hesitant Fuzzy Environment

The green supplier selection (GSS) problem is one of the most pressing issues that can directly affect manufacturer performance. GSS has been studied in previous literature, which is considered to be a typical multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problemThe ordered weighted hesitant fuzzy MCGDM method can present the importance of each possible value, and the priority relationship among criteria has rarely been studied. In this study, we first extend the prioritized average (PA) operator to the ordered weighted hesitant fuzzy set (OWHFS) for solving the both problems. The generalized ordered weighted hesitant fuzzy prioritized weighted average operator (GOWHFPWA) is recommended, and some desirable properties are discussed. Based on this operator, a novel MCGDM method for GSS is developed. A numerical example of GSS is then given to prove the robustness of the proposed approach, and a sensitivity analysis is used to identify the robustness of the proposed method. Finally, a comparative analysis based on the MCGDM approach with the hesitant fuzzy prioritized weighted average (HFPWA) operator is illustrated to indicate the validity and advantages of the proposed approach.
Measurement and control of the streamer head electric field in an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier plasma jet

The propagation dynamics of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet resemble that of a cathode-directed streamer and are determined, in part, by the high localized electric field at the streamer head. This contribution employs an optical spectroscopy technique based on the polarization-dependent Stark splitting and shifting of visible helium lines to non-invasively measure the streamer head electric field. It is demonstrated that the streamer head is comprised of a high-field region with a peak magnitude of ∼24 kV cm−1, which is followed by a low-field region, ∼9 kV cm−1, identified as the streamer tail. The application of varying polarity voltage pulses to supplementary electrodes situated along the axis of streamer propagation is shown to influence the streamer head electric field and affords a level of control over the propagation dynamics of the plasma jet, a finding that has considerable application potential.
Defect trapping states and charge carrier recombination in organic–inorganic halide perovskites

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted huge research interest due to rapid improvement in device performance showing great potential to be the next generation flexible solar cells. Unique defect properties in perovskite have been considered as the possible mechanism for the superior performance, and closely relevant to the effects of hysteresis and light soaking. To date, the quantitative correlation and in-depth understanding of defects in organic–inorganic perovskite are still lacking although extensive investigation have been undertaken. Here we study defect trapping states and carrier recombination dynamics in organic–inorganic halide perovskites. At low excitation the photoluminescence (PL) intensity exhibits a super-linear increase with increasing excitation, due to the slow depopulation rate of the defect states. The steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) carried out in this work reveal that the carrier recombination dynamics is ultimately correlated with both the defect density and the relaxation rate of the carriers in defects. A model is established for the relationship between the properties of the defect trapping state and steady state PL intensity. Two key parameters, (i) the ratio of the trap-state density to the depopulation rate of trapped states and (ii) ratio of the maximum density of covalence band electrons to the trapping rate, can be extracted from the model based on the excitation dependent steady state PL. This work demonstrates that the properties of defect trapping states are closely related to the fabrication technique, and suggests that the organic–inorganic halide perovskite is partly defect-tolerant.
Determinants of Inter-Firm Trust in a Tourism Region

Many scholars hold that trust is one of the key in searching for inter-firm cooperation. But there are few studies to investigate the antecedent of inter-firm trust. The aim of the research is to identify the main determinants of inter-firm trust in tourism region. With an empirical study of 262 enterprises in a tourism region in Vietnam, the study finds that characteristics of firms and its executives do significantly positively affect inter-firm trust. The result also reveals that communication and sharing information, using social network in inter-firm relationship will facilitate trust between partners. The result support the general thesis that executive can build and develop inter-firm trust based on its main determinants. The study provides both theoretical and practical implications.
0 A Daisy-Chaining Visual Servoing Approach with Applications in Tracking , Localization , and Mapping

Recent advances in image processing, computational technology and control theory are enabling vision-based control, localization and mapping to become more prevalent in autonomous vehicle applications. Instead of relying solely on a global positioning system (GPS) or inertial measurement units (IMU) for navigation, image-based methods are a promising approach to provide autonomous vehicles with position and orientation (i.e., pose) information. Specifically, rather than obtain an inertial measurement of an autonomous vehicle, vision systems can be used to recast the navigation, localization, control and mapping problems in terms of the image space. Applications involving localization and mapping using camera as a sensor are often described as Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) (Davison et al., 2007; Eustice et al., 2005; Goncalves et al., 2005; Jensfelt et al., 2006; Jung & Lacroix, 2003; Kim & Sukkarieh, 2003; Se et al., 2002), wherein the camera is the main sensor used to estimate the location of a robot in the world, as well as estimate and maintain estimates of surrounding terrain or features. There are many overlapping ways to categorize VSLAM approaches. Some authors (e.g., (Eustice et al., 2005; Jensfelt et al., 2006; Se et al., 2002)) make a distinction between “local VSLAM” and “global VSLAM”. Many VSLAM approaches use probabilistic filters (e.g., extended Kalman filter or particle filter) (Davison et al., 2007; Eustice et al., 2005; Jensfelt et al., 2006; Jung & Lacroix, 2003; Kim & Sukkarieh, 2003), typically estimating a state vector composed of the camera/robot position, orientation and velocity, and the 3D coordinates of visual features in the world frame. An option to a filtered based approach is the use of epipolar geometry (Goncalves et al., 2005; Se et al., 2002). A final possible category are methods that 2
Multi-Stage Hybrid Rocket Conceptual Design for Micro-Satellites Launch using Genetic Algorithm

The multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is applied to the multi-disciplinary conceptual design problem for a three-stage launch vehicle (LV) with a hybrid rocket engine (HRE). MOGA is an optimization tool used for multiobjective problems. The parallel coordinate plot (PCP), which is a data mining method, is employed in the post-process in MOGA for design knowledge discovery. A rocket that can deliver observing micro-satellites to the sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) is designed. It consists of an oxidizer tank containing liquid oxidizer, a combustion chamber containing solid fuel, a pressurizing tank and a nozzle. The objective functions considered in this study are to minimize the total mass of the rocket and to maximize the ratio of the payload mass to the total mass. To calculate the thrust and the engine size, the regression rate is estimated based on an empirical model for a paraffin (FT-0070) propellant. Several non-dominated solutions are obtained using MOGA, and design knowledge is discovered for the present hybrid rocket design problem using a PCP analysis. As a result, substantial knowledge on the design of an LV with an HRE is obtained for use in space transportation.
Entropy Generation of Carbon Nanotubes Flow in a Rotating Channel with Hall and Ion-Slip Effect Using Effective Thermal Conductivity Model

This article examines the entropy analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow of single and multiwall carbon nanotubes between two rotating parallel plates. The nanofluid flow is taken under the existence of Hall current and ion-slip effect. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly proficient heat transmission agents with bordering entropy generation and, thus, are considered to be a capable cooling medium. Entropy generation and Hall effect are mainly focused upon in this work. Using the appropriate similarity transformation, the central partial differential equations are changed to a system of ordinary differential equations, and an optimal approach is used for solution purposes. The resultant non-dimensional physical parameter appear in the velocity and temperature fields discussed using graphs. Also, the effect of skin fraction coefficient and Nusselt number of enclosed physical parameters are discussed using tables. It is observed that increased values of magnetic and ion-slip parameters reduce the velocity of the nanofluids and increase entropy generation. The results reveal that considering higher magnetic forces results in greater conduction mechanism.
S ep 2 01 8 From few-to many-body quantum systems

How many particles are necessary to make a quantum system many-body? To answer this question, we take as reference for the many-body limit a quantum system at half-filling and compare its properties with those of a system with N particles, gradually increasing N from 1. We show that convergence for the static properties of the system with few particles to the many-body limit is fast. For N >∼ 4, the density of states is already very close to Gaussian and signatures of many-body quantum chaos, such as level repulsion and fully extended eigenstates, become evident. The dynamics, on the other hand, depend on the initial state and time scale. In dilute systems, as the particles move away from each other, the entropy growth changes in time from linear, as typical for many-body systems, to logarithmic.
Data Analysis for a Clinical Trial of the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Residential Long-Term Care Facilities

The main object of the research is to analyze the effect of the clinical intervention algorithms proposed for reducing antibiotic use for older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) by managing urinary tract infections (UTis). 20 paired nursing homes were enrolled in the 12-month study. Within each pair, one was randomized to use of the intervention algorithms and the other to use of regular management. Cluster-level paired t-tests (unweighted and weighted) and regression analyses (un­ weighted and weighted) were used in the analysis of the data. Paired t-tests show that the algorithms did not significantly reduce the antibiotic use, the number of urine cultures or the antibiotic use for urinary infections in most months. However, they did reduce the proportion of antibiotic use for urinary infections significantly in most months. Regression analysis indicates that the difference between the control group and intervention group has no significant increasing or decreasing trend with time (month). And the algorithms significantly reduced the antibiotic use for urinary infections, number of cultures and the proportions through the 12-month study. The analyses reached a similar conclusion using nonparametric methods and weighted analysis.
The Impact of Journal Weighting Scheme Characteristics on Research Output Measurement in Economics: The New Zealand Case

In this study we test for the ‘power’ or aggressiveness of various journal weighting schemes, especially those based on the recursive adjustment methodology first developed by Liebowitz and Palmer. Using data generated by New Zealand’s academic economists, we provide quantitative measures of the differences between recursive adjustment-based schemes and selected alternatives. We then compare the performance of economics departments under each of our journal weighting schemes and, for comparison purposes, one based on direct citation counts. We find departmental rankings based on selected recursive adjustment schemes to be relatively stable, but these rankings differed substantially from those generated by our alternative schemes. This suggests that departmental hiring practices and research strategies must be sensitive to the type of funding scheme employed. In particular, research on domestic and regional issues is likely to be unattractive to researchers if a high-powered journal weighting scheme is adopted as the “official” standard since regional journals, the natural outlet for such work, are frequently zero-weighted by such schemes.
Prosodic Boundary Effects on the V-to-V Lingual Movement in Korean

The present study investigated how the kinematics of the /a/-to-/i/ tongue movement in Korean would be influenced by prosodic boundary. The /a/-to-/i/ sequence was used as ‘transboundary' test materials which occurred across a prosodic boundary as in /ilnj? nt? a/ # /minsakwae/ (‘일년차#민사과에’ ‘the first year worker’ # ‘dept. of civil affairs'). It also tested whether the V-to-V tongue movement would be further influenced by its syllable structure with /m/ which was placed either in the coda condition (/am#i/) or in the onset condition (/a#mi). Results of an EMA (Electromagnetic Articulagraphy) study showed that kinematical parameters such as the movement distance (displacement), the movement duration, and the movement velocity (speed) all varied as a function of the boundary strength, showing an articulatory strengthening pattern of a “larger, longer and faster” movement. Interestingly, however, the larger, longer and faster pattern associated with boundary marking in Korean has often been observed with stress (prominence) marking in English. It was proposed that language-specific prosodic systems induce different ways in which phonetics and prosody interact: Korean, as a language without lexical stress and pitch accent, has more degree of freedom to express prosodic strengthening, while languages such as English have constraints, so that some strengthening patterns are reserved for lexical stress. The V-to-V tongue movement was also found to be influenced by the intervening consonant /m/’s syllable affiliation, showing a more preboundary lengthening of the tongue movement when /m/ was part of the preboundary syllable (/am#i/). The results, together, show that the fine-grained phonetic details do not simply arise as low-level physical phenomena, but reflect higher-level linguistic structures, such as syllable and prosodic structures. It was also discussed how the boundary-induced kinematic patterns could be accounted for in terms of the task dynamic model and the theory of the prosodic gesture (π-gesture).
Auditory information loss in real-world listening environments

Whether animal or speech communication, environmental sounds, or music -- all sounds carry some information. Sound sources are embedded in acoustic environments that contain any number of additional sources that emit sounds that reach the listener's ears concurrently. It is up to the listener to decode the acoustic informational mix, determine which sources are of interest, decide whether extra resources should be allocated to extracting more information from them, or act upon them. While decision making is a high-level process that is accomplished by the listener's cognition, selection and elimination of acoustic information is manifest along the entire auditory system, from periphery to cortex. This review examines latent informational paradigms in hearing research and demonstrates how several hearing mechanisms conspire to gradually eliminate information from the auditory sensory channel. It is motivated through the computational need of the brain to decomplexify unpredictable real-world signals in real time. Decomplexification through information loss is suggested to constitute a unifying principle of the mammalian hearing system, which is specifically demonstrated in human hearing. This perspective can be readily generalised to other sensory modalities.
Spanish high level handicapped sportsmen and eating disorders: are they at risk?.

Background: Eating disorders have an important effect on health and sport performance. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether the sport practice acts as a risk factor or a protective factor for eating disorders. Aim: To examine the risk of eating disorders in Spanish disabled high level sportsmen and sportswomen. Methods: The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) was performed in 60 physical or visual disabled subjects who belonged to Paralympics or Promising youngster teams. Results: Low rates for eating disorders risk were found. Only one subject was considered at risk. Multiple regressions analisis performed with the complete sample revealed no associations between gender, type of handicap, and sport category and EAT-26. Conclusion: Controlling gender effect, visual impairment was related to EAT-26 score in women.
Best Proximity Point Results for Generalized Θ-Contractions and Application to Matrix Equations

In this paper, we introduce the notion of C ´ iri c ´ type α - ψ - Θ -contraction and prove best proximity point results in the context of complete metric spaces. Moreover, we prove some best proximity point results in partially ordered complete metric spaces through our main results. As a consequence, we obtain some fixed point results for such contraction in complete metric and partially ordered complete metric spaces. Examples are given to illustrate the results obtained. Moreover, we present the existence of a positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X = Q + ∑ i = 1 m A i * γ ( X ) A i and give a numerical example.
Effect of smoking on serum lipid profile amongst stroke patients: A descriptive study from Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background Stroke causes death and disability, has an emotional and economic impact on patients, families, and society. The present study was undertaken to compare the serum lipids levels in adult male smokers and non-smoker stroke patients.Material and methods The participants were selected from indoor medicine units of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 105 stroke patients age >20 years were selected, of whom, 30 were non-smokers and 75 were smokers.Results TC, TG, LDL-C is significantly higher in the smoker stroke patients comparing non-smokers. Serum HDL is significantly higher in non-smokers.Conclusion Serum lipid profile is altered in smokers, which increases the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular disorders, so intense awareness program about adverse health events of smoking should be considered by all means including the social media campaign and implementation of its importance to the curriculum.Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2017;4(2):11-15
Kumamoto University Repository System Title A Web Browsing Behavior Recording System

In this paper, we introduce a Web browsing behavior recording system for research. Web browsing behavior data can help us to provide sophisticated services for human activities, because the data must indicate characteristics of Web users. We discuss the necessity of the data with potential benefits, and develop a system for collecting the data as an add-on for Firefox. We also report some results of preliminary experiments to test its usefulness in analyses on human activities in this paper.
Clinical Study Are Verbal Fluency and Nonliteral Language Comprehension Deficits Related to Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson ’ s Disease ?

Depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequently associated with executive deficits, which can influence nonliteral comprehension and lexical access. This study explores whether depressive symptoms in PD modulate verbal fluency and nonliteral language comprehension. Twelve individuals with PD without depressive symptoms, 13 with PD and depressive symptoms (PDDSs), and 13 healthy controls completed a semantic and phonemic verbal fluency task and an indirect speech acts comprehension task. All groups had the same performance in the phonemic fluency task while the PDDS group was impaired in the semantic task. For the indirect speech act comprehension task, no difference was observed between the groups. However, the PDDS group had difficulty answering direct speech act questions. As some language impairments in PD become apparent when depressive symptoms are associated with the disease, it would appear to be important to take the presence of depressive symptoms into account when evaluating language abilities in PD.
Sensitivity of Streamflow Simulations to Temporal Variability and Estimation of Z–R Relationships

This study focuses on the sensitivity of streamflow simulations to temporal variations in radar reflectivity–rainfall (i.e., Z–R ) relationships. The physically based continuous-mode distributed hydrologic model—gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis—is used to predict runoff during three major rainfall-runoff periods observed in a 35 km2 experimental watershed in southern Louisiana. Z–R relationships are derived at a series of temporal scales ranging from a climatological scale, where interstorm Z–R variations are ignored, down to a subevent scale, where variations in rainfall type (convective versus stratiform) are taken into account. The analysis is first performed using Z and R data pairs derived directly from disdrometer drop size distribution measurements, and then repeated using WSR-88D radar reflectivity data. The degree of sensitivity in runoff simulations to temporal variations in Z–R relationships depends largely on the method used to derive the parameters of these relationships. Using .