Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chloroquine poisoning. Rapidly fatal without treatment.

Case histories Case 1 A 45 year old Asian woman ingested at least 30 tablets of chloroquine sulphate (total dose chloroquine base at least 4-5 g) at home. She did not ingest any other drugs concurrently. Some time later she collapsed and was found to be asystolic on arrival at hospital. She was impossible to resuscitate by all conventional means. Case 2-A 23 year old Asian man ingested 13 tablets of chloroquine sulphate (total dose chloroquine base 1-95 g) together with an unknown quantity of alcohol. The chloroquine tablets had been prescribed as malaria prophylaxis for members of his family, who frequently travelled to India. On assessment 45 minutes after ingestion he showed no features of serious suicidal intent; there was no history of a previous overdose. His blood pressure was 130/80 mm Hg and his electrocardiogram was normal, with a QRS duration of 110 ms. His stomach was washed out and activated charcoal (50 g) instilled through the orogastric tube. One hour later his blood pressure had fallen to 95/70 mm Hg. He recovered spontaneously without complications. An electrocardiogram taken while he was convalescent showed a QRS duration of 71 ms. Case 3-A few days after retuming from her country of origin, a 24 year old Madagascan woman ingested 30 tablets of chloroquine sulphate (total dose chloroquine base 4-5 g). She had been prescribed these tablets as malaria prophylaxis for her visit to Madagascar, but was advised locally that they were ineffective and did not take them while abroad. On arrival in accident and emergency three hours after ingestion she was profoundly shocked with an unrecordable blood pressure. Electrocardiography showed normal sinus rhythm with a rate of 70 beats per minute but her QRS duration was at the upper limit of 120 ms (figure (top)). A high dose adrenaline infusion was started (starting dose 2-5 ptg/kg/min followed by increments of 2-5 ,ug/kg/min until an adequate blood pressure was achieved). She was given a large dose of intravenous diazepam (2 mg/ kg), which necessitated intubation and assisted ventilation, followed by an infusion of diazepam (2 mg/ kg/day). Her stomach was washed out and activated charcoal (50 g) was instilled through the orogastric tube. Her blood pressure steadily improved and her QRS duration fell to 90 ms within two hours (figure (bottom)). She was extubated after 12 hours and subsequently recovered without complications. Psychiatric assessment showed no features of serious suicidal intent.
The General Physiology of Reactions Catalyzed by Carbonic Anhydrase and Their Inhibition by Sulfonamides a

In this paper, I shall stress that the reactions catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, widespread in all species, have a simple and common chemistry. Let me share the interest that I have had for many years in trying to understand the similarities of these reactions. Indeed, seeking unifying concepts in this field has led to certain discoveries that may not have been made if we had been concerned only with individual systems. This is not the first time I have spoken about this subject. Some 12 years ago at the Alfred Benzon Symposium in Copenhagen, I spoke of unifying ideas concerning physiology of carbonic anhydrase. In that paper, as in the present one, I caught myself violating most, if not all, of the principles of good science, one of which is to stick to one line and to do it deeply and well. The carbonic anhydrase system has taken me far afield, and I was reminded then and still am of John Dryden’s couplet about an unlucky scientist-statesman of the seventeenth century, “Who in the course of one revolving moon/Was fiddler, statesman, chemist, and buffoon. ” So, if you will allow me some 20 minutes of buffoonery, I will get on with my subject.
An adaptive hierarchical clustering method for ship trajectory data based on DBSCAN algorithm

In this paper, an adaptive hierarchical clustering method based on DBSCAN algorithm is proposed to get information better from Automatic Identification System, and to be aware of traffic situation on water scientifically. In order to deal with the uneven distribution of ship trajectories, the paper proposes a method of hierarchical clustering and a statistical method to determine parameters according to the data set itself. After experiments, it is proven that the method can identify ship trajectories by their similarity as clusters, and result conforms to the actual traffic flow, thus, the method can provide assistant decision-making in the field of waterway construction, maritime control and so on.
18-Year Land-Surface Hydrology Model Simulations for a Midlatitude Grassland Catchment in Valdai, Russia

Off-line simulations of improved bucket hydrology and Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) models are performed for a grassland vegetation catchment region, located at the Valdai water-balance research station in Russia, forced by observed meteorological and simulated actinometric data for 1966‐83. Evaluation of the model simulations is performed using observations of total soil moisture in the top 1 m, runoff, evaporation, snow depth, and water-table depth made within the catchment. The Valdai study demonstrates that using only routine meteorological measurements, long-term simulations of land-surface schemes suitable for model evaluation can be made. The Valdai dataset is available for use in the evaluation of other land-surface schemes. Both the SSiB and the bucket models reproduce the observed hydrology averaged over the simulation period (1967‐83) and its interannual variability reasonably well. However, the models’ soil moisture interannual variability is too low during the fall and winter when compared to observations. In addition, some discrepancies in the models’ seasonal behavior with respect to observations are seen. The models are able to reproduce extreme hydrological events to some degree, but some inconsistencies in the model mechanisms are seen. The bucket model’s soil-moisture variability is limited by its inability to rise above its prescribed field capacity for the case where the observed water table rises into the top 1-m layer of soil, which can lead to erroneous simulations of evaporation and runoff. SSiB’s snow depth simulations are generally too low due to high evaporation from the snow surface. SSiB typically produces drainage out of its bottom layer during the summer, which appears inconsistent to the runoff observations of the catchment.
Diagonal ladders: A class of models for strongly coupled electron systems

G.S. and M.A.M.D. acknowledge support from the DGES under Contract No. PB96-0906, S.R. W. acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant No. DMR-9509945, D.J.S. acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant No. DMR-9527304, and J.D. acknowledges support from the DIGICYT under Contract No. PB95/0123.
Genome Sequence of Chthoniobacter flavus Ellin428, an Aerobic Heterotrophic Soil Bacterium

ABSTRACT Chthoniobacter flavus Ellin428 is the first isolate from the class Spartobacteria of the bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia. C. flavus Ellin428 can metabolize many of the saccharide components of plant biomass but is incapable of growth on amino acids or organic acids other than pyruvate.
Psychological Functioning of Children and Adolescents With Eosinophil-Associated Gastrointestinal Disorders

This study examined health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and adjustment among children with eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders (EGID) compared with an age-matched sample without acute or chronic illness. Participants were youths aged 2 to 18 years. Children and caregivers completed measures of psychological symptoms and HRQOL. Significant group differences were found for child report of depressive, as well as anxiety, symptoms. Significant group differences were also found for caregiver report of psychological symptoms and social skills. Finally, based on parent and youth report, HRQOL and greater school absenteeism were associated with EGID diagnosis.
Theory of spatial structure of non-linear lasing modes

We show in this contribution that even in conventional lasers it is incorrect to regard the lasing modes as corresponding to a single resonance of the passive cavity and that multiple spatial frequencies occur even when there is a single lasing frequency close to the frequency of a single passive cavity resonance. These multiple spatial frequencies arise because several CF states contribute to a single lasing mode.
Comparative dynamics of magnetically, acoustically, and Brownian motion driven microcantilevers in liquids

Magnetic, acoustic, and thermal (Brownian motion induced) excitations are commonly used for dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquids, yet the fundamental differences in microcantilever vibration response for these different excitations remain poorly understood. In this work we discuss theoretically and experimentally several major differences between the amplitude and phase response of magnetically, acoustically, and thermally excited cantilevers in liquids and propose a way to estimate quantitatively the unsteady structure-borne and fluid-borne excitation forces acting on the acoustically excited AFM cantilever. The results have significant implications both for amplitude and frequency modulated AFM operation in liquids.
Immunodeficiency, Primary: Affecting the Adaptive Immune System

Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is an intrinsic defect of the immune system. Patients with PID have increased susceptibility to recurrent and persistent infections, and they may also have autoimmune and cancer-related symptoms. PIDs are mainly rare hereditary disorders of the immune system which often have serious consequences. Infections are the hallmarks of PIDs. Clinical descriptions have already been made for about 250 PIDs, for which approximately 200 genetic aetiologies have been described. There are several different mechanisms behind PIDs. Some PIDs affect T- or B-cell functions, and when both cell types are affected, it leads to severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs). Other PIDs affect major histocompatibility complex, antibody production, lymphocyte apoptosis, phagocytosis, complement cascade or the innate immune system. PIDs are a constantly growing group of mainly rare diseases that help to understand how the complex immune system is composed, acting and regulated. Key Concepts Adaptive immunity is a specific and long-lasting response of lymphocytes to antigens. Combined immunodeficiency affects both B and T cells. Lymphocytes are white blood cells including B and T cells. Signal transduction is a process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. In a signalling cascade, an extracellular signal interacts with a cell surface receptor, which leads to a change in the level of a second messenger and ultimately a change in the cells functioning. Keywords: adaptive immunity; immunodeficiency; immune system; B cell; T cell; signal transduction; immunoglobulin
DNA sequence and expression analysis of algP and algQ, components of the multigene system transcriptionally regulating mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: algP contains multiple direct repeats

The complete nucleotide sequence of a 3.2-kilobase-pair chromosomal region containing the algP and algQ genes was determined. The algQ gene encodes an acidic 18-kilodalton polypeptide required for transcriptional activation of the algD gene. The algD gene product catalyzes a critical step in alginate biosynthesis, and its overproduction is necessary for the emergence of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic infections in cystic fibrosis. A novel genetic element, algP, was identified immediately downstream of algQ. This gene appears to act synergistically with algQ. Unlike a biosynthetic gene, algD, and another regulatory gene, algR, which undergo transcriptional activation in mucoid cells, both algP and algQ are equally transcribed in mucoid and nonmucoid isogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. The promoter regions of algP and algQ were mapped by using S1 nuclease protection analysis. The algQ promoter was also analyzed and showed activity in an in vitro transcriptional runoff assay with major RNA polymerase species from P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The putative algQ and algP promoter sequences, unlike algD and algR, resemble sigma 70-utilized promoters from E. coli and appeared constitutively transcribed at a low level in P. aeruginosa. The algP gene has an unusual DNA sequence, with multiple direct repeats organized in six highly conserved, tandemly arranged, 75-base-pair (bp) units. At a lower level, this sequence had 45 degenerate repeats of 12 bp overlapping with the 75-bp repeats and extending beyond the region of 75-bp repeats. The algP repeats appeared important for the function of the algQ-algP regulatory region in maintaining mucoidy.
Ethyl 3-ferrocenyl-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C17H16N3O2)], crystallizes with an essentially eclipsed conformation of the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. The unsubstituted ring is disordered over two positions with the major component being present 90 (1)% of the time. The substituted Cp ring, the pyrazole ring and three atoms of the ethoxycarbonyl group form a conjugated π-system. These 13 atoms are coplanar within 0.09 Å.
IMPACT OF JPEG COMPRESSION ON TRUSTWORTHINESS OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES USED FOR IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL BOUNDARIES *

This research has had a goal of testing the influence of lossy compression on effectiveness of detection of agricultural boundaries when using multispectral aerial and satellite images The research used two scenes of QuickBird satellite encompassing agricultural areas in central and southern Poland and multi-spectral aerial photograph of scale 1:8000 performed with MSK 4 camera. The research conducted has shown that degrading character of compression is related to the compression level, but the phenomenon is just a tendency that features some random deviations. The results has shown, that low and medium level of compression has only small impact on the effectiveness of boundary detection in multispectral images. Only the high level of compression has significant impact on the degradation of quality for detected boundaries.
Properties of intraglobular contacts in proteins: an approach to prediction of tertiary structure

Matrices of intraglobular contacts and vectors of coordination numbers derived from the amino acid sequence form the basis for computer procedures for the analysis and prediction of the tertiary structure of proteins. Three main modules perform: 1) prediction of the plot of residue-coordination numbers (number of contacts) on the basis of amino-acid sequence; 2) calculation of the matrix of intraglobular contacts on the basis of coordination-numbers plot and amino-acid sequence; and 3) reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure starting with the contact matrix. This approach provides insight into important regularities governing globule formation, for example, problems of interior/exterior residue distribution and apparent residue-residue affinities. The current state of development is illustrated by calculation of the three-dimensional structure of sea snake neurotoxin. <<ETX>>
Combined Super-STEM imaging, EEL and PL spectroscopy of un-doped and Er doped SRSO on Si

We present a combined analysis of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELs) of silicon-rich-silicon-oxide (SRSO) thin film on silicon, grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). For un-doped samples, strong room temperature luminescence at ~1.6 eV (780 nm) is observed, which we ascribe, by way of plasmon intensity mapping and dasiachemical fingerprintingpsila to phase segregated, highly crystalline, silicon-rich nano-clusters embedded in an amorphous-silicon dioxide (a-SiO2) matrix. For samples doped with increasing concentrations of Er, a quenching of the 1.6 eV line, concurrent with the emergence of a second emission with increasing intensity at ~0.8 eV (1535 nm) is observed. This is attributed to a rapid and efficient, indirect nano-crystal mediated excitation of the Er.
Interest based Recommender System for Social Media

In great popularity of Social Media, flourishing massive world of online social communities entrust users to formulate themselves over set of the interests. Users love to know about the people they like and the different things they are interested into. Thus, they require most appropriate source of information sharing and alert gathering. Recommender system is a solution for it. Every site does have a recommender system but these recommender systems are mostly based on the subscription choices of user’s friends. When a user searches for a particular interest over these sites, the first few results that come up to the screen are the broader interest groups which become over crowded over the time and the user remains with the choice to join an interest group which is of lesser interest than the appropriate one. Hence, this paper proposes a interest based Recommender System named as ‘MAAC’ Recommender System, which recommends the users to follow the more specific interest feeds, solely based on the current subscribed interests of a user instead of demographic knowledge or Friends knowledge. Also, it recommends the interests which are closely related to the interests already linked with the user’s profile. The proposed recommender system proves to be highly effective
The formation of nitric oxide donors from peroxynitrite

1 Administration of peroxynitrite (ONOO−, 30–300 μM) caused relaxation of rabbit aortic strips superfused in series in a cascade. The compound responsible for this effect had a half‐life greater than 20 s and could not therefore be either nitric oxide (NO) or ONOO− which have half‐lives in the order of 1–2 s under these conditions. However the relaxation was inhibited by oxyhemoglobin, suggesting that the compound could be converted to NO in the vascular tissues or in the superfusate. 2 The products of the reaction between ONOO− and Krebs buffer containing 11 mM glucose, but not glucose‐free Krebs buffer, caused relaxation of the bioassay tissues. These data suggest that stable NO donor(s) were formed from the reaction of ONOO− with glucose. We therefore prepared these NO donor(s) by the reaction of glucose solutions with ONOO− in order to characterize their pharmacological actions both in the cascade bioassay and on platelets and to study their ability to release NO. 3 These reaction product(s) caused relaxation in the cascade and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Both effects were dependent on the concentration of D‐glucose, were equally effective if L‐glucose was used as a reactant and were reversed by oxyhaemoglobin. 4 The products of the reaction between ONOO− and glucose or other biological molecules containing an alcohol functional group, such as fructose, glycerol, or glyceraldehyde, released NO in the presence of Cu2+ and L‐cysteine. 5 These results indicate that ONOO− reacts with sugars or other compounds containing an alcohol functional group(s) to form NO donor(s) with the characteristics of organic nitrate/nitrites. This may represent a further detoxification pathway for ONOO− in vivo.
Nontechnical Deterrence Effects of Mild and Severe Internet Use Policy Reminders in Reducing Employee Internet Abuse

ABSTRACT This two-stage longitudinal study examines how employee Internet abuse may be reduced by nontechnical deterrence methods, specifically via organizational acceptable use policies (AUPs). This study used actual employee usage and audit logs (not self-reporting survey measures) to monitor the web activity of employees. In stage 1, a mild AUP reminder sent to company employees resulted in a 12% decrease in employee Internet abuse. In stage 2, a more severe AUP reminder resulted in a 33% decrease in employee Internet abuse. For both stages, the AUP warning (regardless of severity level) resulted in an immediate and significant decrease in employee nonwork Internet use. Results indicate that the severe AUP treatment was more effective in reducing and maintaining lower levels of employee nonwork Internet use than the mild AUP treatment. Under the mild AUP treatment, employee nonwork Internet use levels returned to their pretreatment levels after only one week. However, under the severe AUP treatment, employee nonwork Internet use levels were lower than the mild AUP treatment and remained consistently lower than their pretreatment levels even after three weeks. These results suggest that nontechnical deterrence methods in the form of organizational IT use policies may constitute an effective approach to reducing employee Internet abuse, particularly if AUP policies are clear with regard to related sanctions and penalties for employee noncompliance.
BRAFV600E mutation analysis by immunohistochemistry in patients with thoracic metastases from colorectal cancer

Summary The BRAFV600E mutation confers worse prognosis to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. In addition, this mutation has a negative predictive value for response to treatment with monoclonal antibodies against EGFR in patients with KRAS wild-type (wt) mCRC. The utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative approach for detection of BRAFV600E in the thoracic metastases of sporadic mCRC patients has not been evaluated until now. The purpose of this study was to compare BRAFV600E IHC staining with molecular biology methods and to define the diagnostic value of the VE1 antibody for the detection of BRAFV600E in this population. BRAF mutations were analysed by two DNA sequencing methods (pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing) in a Caucasian population of 310 sporadic mCRC with thoracic metastases patients expressing KRAS wt. Detection of the BRAFV600E mutation was performed in the corresponding tumours by IHC using the VE1 antibody and compared to results of the DNA-based assays. Thirty-nine out of 310 (13%) of tumours harboured a BRAF mutation, which corresponded to either a BRAFV600E in 34 of 310 (11%) cases or a non-BRAFV600E mutation in 5 of 310 (2%) cases. IHC with VE1 was strongly positive in 32 of 34 (88%) BRAFV600E mutated tumours and negative in non-BRAFV600E mutated tumours. IHC using the VE1 clone is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of BRAFV600E and may be either a complementary or an alternative method to molecular testing in mCRC patients.
The high‐resolution crystal structure of porcine pepsinogen

The structure of porcine pepsinogen at pH 6.1 has been refined to an R‐factor of 0.173 for data extending to 1.65 Å. The final model contains 180 solvent molecules and lacks density for residues 157–161. The structure of this aspartic proteinase zymogen possesses many of the characteristics of pepsin, the mature enzyme. The secondary structure of the zymogen consists predominantly of β‐sheet, with an approximate 2‐fold axis of symmetry. The activation peptide packs into the active site cleft, and the N‐terminus (IP–9P) occupies the position of the mature N‐terminus (1–9). Thus changes upon activation include excision of the activation peptide and proper relocation of the mature N‐terminus. The activation peptide or residues of the displaced mature N‐terminus make specific interactions with the substrate binding subsites. The active site of pepsinogen is intact; thus the lack of activity of pepsinogen is not due to a deformation of the active site. Nine ion pairs in pepsinogen may be important in the advent of activation and involve the activation peptide or regions of the mature N‐terminus which are relocated in the mature enzyme. The activation peptide–pepsin junction, 44P‐1, is characterized by high thermal parameters and weak density, indicating a flexible structure which would be accessible to cleavage. Pepsinogen is an appropriate model for the structures of other zymogens in the aspartic proteinase family. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.