Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Systemic Antibiotic on Nasal Bacterial Ecology in Man

The nasal flora of coagulase-positive staphylococcus carriers and noncarriers was studied in aerobic conditions in 17 individuals. Five hundred milligrams of cephalexin was given orally four times daily for 12 days, and its effects on the nasal bacteria were determined quantitatively before, during, and after treatment. The total count obtained before the drug treatment was 5.4 × 106 in carriers and 3.9 × 106 in noncarriers. The lowest total count observed was 3 days after the cessation of the drug. The increase in gram-negative rods was seen 9 days after antibiotic therapy, not during the greatest reduction of gram-positive bacteria. Coagulase-positive cocci and diphtheroids were most sensitive to drug treatment. After 36 days, the total count was restored to pretreatment level. Diphtheroids did not return to the original number and were replaced by a corresponding increase of resistant coagulase-negative cocci. An inverse relationship between coagulase-negative cocci and lipophilic diphtheroids was seen in the anterior nares of many individuals. No gross difference in nasal ecology to differentiate carriers from noncarriers was seen.
Common Antigenic Determinant in a Rumen Organism and in Salmonellae Containing the Antigen O4

Nineteen of 28 strains of rumen organisms isolated from a cow on a high roughage diet and identified morphologically as butyrivibrios, reacted to a low agglutinin titer with salmonella antisera, forming five groups. However only one strain reacted with polyvalent O salmonella antiserum. This strain reacted with O4 factor serum and with antisera to Salmonella strains containing the antigen O4, and agglutinin absorption tests showed the presence of an antigen identical to O4. When 16 further strains of butyrivibrio-like rumen organisms isolated from three cows and one steer were examined, one possessed an antigen similar to but not identical with the antigen O9, and two strains reacted with specific O6,7 factor serum but were not examined further. These four strains were presumptively identified by physiological tests as butyrivibrios. The possible site of antigenic stimulation by such organisms is discussed.
Study of Intrinsic Stability of Mometasone Furoate in Presence of Salicylic Acid by HPTLC and Characterization, Cytotoxicity Testing of Major Degradation Product of Mometasone Furoate

A successful attempt has been done to develop and validate a simple stability indicating HPTLC method for the estimation of Mometasone furoate (MF) and its degradation product in the presence of Salicylic acid (SA). The degradation product was isolated, characterized and tested for cytotoxicity. Mometasone furoate (MF) is chemically 9,21-Dichloro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy]- 11β-hydroxy-16-α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, a high potency glucocorticoid. Salicylic acid (SA) has antiseptic, antifungal and keratolytic properties. Combination of MF and SA is available in the market as an ointment and is used for the treatment of skin inflammation, skin diseases, acne, skin redness and other conditions. Till now, there is no scientific documentation on HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of MF and SA in the topical formulation; stress testing of drugs and determination of degradation products. Combination of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (6.4:1.5:2.0:0.1) was selected as the mobile phase. Detection was done by UV absorbance mode at wavelength 250 nm. Topical formulation containing MF and SA was analyzed by the developed method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The standard drugs were subjected to stress testing like hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradation. Good separation with Rf values 0.61 ± 0.02 (MF) and 0.21 ± 0.02 (SA) was achieved by optimized chromatographic conditions. The % drug content was found to be 97.41±1.15 and 99.43 ± 0.73 for MF and SA, respectively in a topical formulation. From the results of validation parameters, the developed method was found to be specific, accurate, precise, sensitive and robust. After stress testing, SA was found to be stable under different stress conditions. Whereas, MF was found to be base sensitive and single degradation product was observed and isolated by preparative TLC. It was characterized by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies. Isolated degradation product was subjected to cytotoxicity testing on A549 and SiHa cell lines. A simple stability indicating HPTLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of MF and its degradation product in presence of SA. Probable structure of degradation product of MF and probable pathway of degradation was interpreted. Results of cytotoxicity testing showed that the degradation product was more cytotoxic as compared to MF against both the cell lines.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Minocycline and Effect of Agar Medium Utilized in Its Susceptibility Testing

The in vitro activity of minocycline against 1,028 bacterial strains was determined in parallel in Mueller Hinton Agar and Trypticase Soy Agar. The broad antibacterial effect of minocycline against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli is confirmed. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for gram-positive bacteria in Mueller Hinton Agar were at least twofold less than in Trypticase Soy Agar. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for gram-negative bacilli in Mueller Hinton Agar were usually fourfold less than in Trypticase Soy Agar.
Selection of Media for the Isolation of Common Bacterial L-Phase Organisms from a Clinical Specimen

The L-phase of 13 bacteria commonly associated with disease were induced by penicillin and inoculated into various solid and broth media; their growth was recorded for a period of 14 days. Plates containing highly purified agar and sucrose as the stabilizing agent and those incubated under aerobic conditions gave the best results. Magnesium seems to be necessary for growth in broth media on primary isolation, although it may not be necessary on multiple transfers after a more stable state has been reached. Growth in broth media is much more difficult to achieve. Reversion is aided by using a higher concentration of agar in plates, by decreasing the sucrose concentration, and by omitting the antibiotics and horse serum. A procedure has been outlined for the routine culture and identification of L-phase organisms from a clinical specimen.
Control Mechanisms Operative in a Natural Microbial Population Selected for its Ability to Degrade L-Lysine. I. Effect of Glucose in Batch Systems

A natural microbial population was selected in a medium containing L-lysine as the sole carbon source and ammonia as a nitrogen source. Cells were harvested from a batch-operated fermentor containing lysine and were grown through one transfer on lysine, glucose, or a mixture of lysine and glucose. By comparing the substrate removal rates and enzymatic capabilities of the cells, it was determined that the inducible enzyme system responsible for lysine degradation was subject to catabolic repression. Inhibition of the activity of preformed enzyme(s) played only a minor role. Preinduction by lysine offered only a small degree of protection against repression. The removal of ammonia nitrogen from the system did not overcome the effect of glucose.
Synthesis and biological assays of a peptide from a tuberculin-active protein

The heptapeptide Asn-Gly-Ser-Gln-Met-Arg-Leu, part of a tuberculin-active intracellular mycobacterial protein and described in the literature as having residual tuberculin activity, has been synthesized. Biological assays of the synthetic peptide showed it to be recognized as an antigen of mycobacterial origin by its ability to elicit an early allergic reaction in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice. The synthetic peptide was shown to be devoid of any tuberculin activity in BCG-infected mice and in skin tests on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-sensitized guinea pigs. Purified protein derivative, complex mixture of proteins of unknown composition which is excreted into the culture medium by M. tuberculosis and is in wide use as a tuberculin-active preparation, was shown to weakly cross-react in radioimmunoassays with the synthetic heptapeptide when 125I-labeled heptapeptide and an anti-heptapeptide antiserum were used.
Dual functional hetero-anthracene based single component organic ionic conductors as redox mediator cum light harvester for solid state photoelectrochemical cells

We have synthesized a novel solid organic ionic conductor (SOIC) that acts as a redox mediator and a light absorbing material at the same time. Such dual function of SOICs has not been reported before. It was achieved by substituting N,N′-dimethyl benzimidazolium iodide (BIMI) with hetero-anthracene (phenoxazine (POZ)/phenothiazine (PTZ)) which are labeled as SOIC-1 and SOIC-2, respectively. These substitutions caused the absorption spectrum of BIMI to be extended over 100 nm into the red spectrum and at the same time exhibit excellent redox capability and ionic conductivity. In addition, these synthesized SOICs also enhance the total electron injection into the TiO2 matrix with the metal-free SK3 dye sensitizer. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to optimize the structure and geometrical arrangement of the SOICs. To evaluate the role of PTZ/POZ substitution on BIMI and how pore filling can affect the device performance, solid-state DSSC (ss-DSSC) devices were prepared with two different thickness of TiO2 (8 μm and 12 μm) photoanode. The 8 μm thick TiO2 photoanode with SOIC-1 has an overall PCE of 7.9% which is about 72% higher than the unmodified BIMI (PCE of 4.4%) under AM1.5 illumination. Last but not least, the synthesized SOICs have high thermal stability up to 120 °C which is way beyond the operating temperatures of solar cells which make them ideal for real-world applications.
Herbicide Transformation

Replacement cultures liberated 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) from 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (propanil). The kinetics of the conversion suggest a requirement for de novo enzyme synthesis, but the system was not influenced by chloramphenicol or puromycin. Enzyme activity was detected when acetanilide (Km = 0.195 mm) was used to replace propanil as substrate. Fungal acylamidase (E.C. 3.5.1., an aryl acylamine amidohydrolase) was concentrated by salt precipitation and characterized. The Fusarium solani acylamidase exhibited an optimum at pH 7.5 to 9.0 and was inactivated in 10 min at 50 C. The enzyme was not sensitive to methyl-carbamate or organophosphate insecticides, but the herbicide, Ramrod (N-isopropyl-2-chloroacetanilide), acted as a competitive inhibitor of acetanilide hydrolysis (Ki = 0.167 mm). Hydrolysis rates were decreased by various para substitutions of acetanilide. Chloro substitution in the acyl moiety of acetanilide also reduced the rate of hydrolysis. 3,4-Dichloroacetanilide was less susceptible to enzyme action than acetanilide, but 3,4-dichloropropionanilide was hydrolyzed much more rapidly than propionanilide. The fungal acylamidase was highly specific for N-acetylarylamines. It did not catalyze hydrolysis of formanilide, butyranilide, dicryl, Karsil, fenuron, monuron, or isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate. It appears to differ from acylamidases that have been isolated from rice, rat liver, chick kidney, and Neurospora.
Slicer for use in agar gel electrophoretic analysis of enzymes

Many enzymes can be identified and their electrophoretic mobilities determined in agar gel on the basis of specific chromogenic or other visible reactions, which are elicited by direct application of substrates to the supporting medium (2). In an attempt to analyze neuraminidase in this manner, the method of Warren (5) was employed to measure N-acetyIneuraminic acid (NANA) released from mucoid substrates into the agar at sites of enzymic activity.
High-Yield Method for Dispersing Simian Kidneys for Cell Cultures

A technique for dispersion of animal tissue cells is described. The proposed technique is based on the concomitant use of trypsin and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA). The use of the two dispersing agents (trypsin and disodium EDTA) markedly enhances cell yield as compared with the standard cell dispersion methods. Moreover, significant reduction in the amount of time required for complete tissue dispersal, presence of a very low number of nonviable cells, less cell clumping, and more uniform monolayer formation upon cultivation compare favorably with the results usually obtained with the standard trypsinization technique.
Rapid plate method for screening hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase-producing microorganisms

Microbial hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase have been studied because of the possible associations between these enzymes and microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity. One of the most sensitive biological assays for mucopolysaccharide-degrading enzymes is the turbidity reducing unit (TRU) method (3). In most assays for these two enzymes, measurement of activity involves the conjugation of bovine serum fractions with nondepolymerized substrate in acetic acid. The turbidity produced by the conjugate or the lack of it can be directly related to the amount of substrate depolymerized in solution. Recently, a direct localization and visualization technique to study hyaluronate lyase by agar-gel electrophoresis was reported (1). This technique was modified as a cultivable screening plate method for bacteria. The basic medium consisted of Brain Heart Infusion broth (BBL) prepared to make 100 ml, to which was added 1 g of Noble agar (Difco). The medium was autoclaved at 121 C for 15 min and cooled to 46 C. Aqueous solutions of 2 mg of umbilical sodium hyaluronidate (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.) per ml, 4 mg of bovine nasal chondroitin sulfate (Pentex, Inc., Kankakee, Ill.) per ml, and 5% bovine albumin fraction V (Signa) were sterilized by filtration with 0.20-,um Nalgene filter units (Nalge Co., Inc., Rochester, N.Y.). Each substrate was added to the cooled media to give final concentrations of 400 ,Ag/ml. The bovine albumin fraction-V was then added with constant stirring to give a final concentration of 1%. The agar was poured to a depth of 3 to 4 mm. The finalpH of each medium was 6.8 0.1. After solidification, plates were tempered at 4 C to provide a firm surface for streaking or swabbing. Pure or mixed cultures
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: a Possible Epidemiological Aid

In this preliminary study, the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as an aid in the characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae was evaluated and a standardized method was developed. The electrophoretic patterns of 17 gravis, 14 mitis, and 2 intermedius types of C. diphtheriae were compared with the electrophoretic patterns of 5 Robinson and Peeney stock gravis serotype strains. Each of the 5 stock serotype strains had different electrophoretic patterns, although some common bands were present. The 17 gravis strains isolated in the United States showed patterns identical to those of the stock gravis serotype II strain. The 14 mitis strains examined produced 6 different electrophoretic patterns, irrespective of geographical location. One mitis pattern corresponded with the pattern of gravis serological type II. The two intermedius strains examined had identical electrophoretic patterns that resembled the pattern of gravis serotype IV. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of C. diphtheriae strains may prove to be a useful epidemiologic tool in establishing the distribution and occurrence of various C. diphtheriae types.
Comment on acp-2021-438

difficult time understanding what the results were from this study. While I understand that overall the liquid water path increased and ice water path decreased over the Southern Ocean region in the modified model compared to the control simulation, the overall bias was not assessed. I also do not understand the additional simulations used to assess changes in cloud cover and the convective scheme. There is an overall lack of explanation regarding why specific things were tested and what these could tell us. Additionally, there are many details missing that would limit the study from being reproducible, including how cloud level types are defined, what parameters in the convective scheme are changed and to what values.
Use of Erythrocytes Sensitized with Purified Pneumococcal Polysaccharides for the Assay of Antibody and Antibody-producing Cells

A method was described for the sensitization of erythrocytes with purified type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens using chromium chloride as a coupling agent. Erythrocytes so sensitized can be used in routine passive hemagglutination and hemolysis tests as well as in the technique of localized hemolysis-in-gel for the detection of specific antibody and specific antibody-producing cells, respectively.
Sensitive In Vivo Assay for Detection of Murine Leukemia Viruses

A test is reported for the in vivo detection of the replicative ability of murine leukemia viruses (MLV) in the BALB/c mouse strain. Growth in the spleen was assayed by the complement-fixation assay for MLV group-specific antigen after injection of newborn mice. Low doses of laboratory-derived and wild-type MLV from cell-culture and animal-grown sources were detected as early as 7 to 14 days postinoculation. The sensitivity of this in vivo test compared favorably with in vitro assays for MLV. In vivo detection of MLV replication was correlated with long-term oncogenicity.
Milk-Clotting Enzymes From Microorganisms

A total of 230 cultures of fungi and 43 cultures of bacteria, isolated from such sources as soil, butter, and milk, were screened for their milk-clotting activity. The fungi were cultivated on semisolid media, and the bacteria were grown in milk media in shake culture. Phytic acid, added as calcium phytate, was found to stimulate production of the enzyme in most of the bacterial isolates. Proteolytic activity was invariably found to be associated with the milk-clotting enzyme in bacterial isolates. There was considerable variation in the ratio of the two enzymes from strain to strain.
Sodium Chloride Tolerance of Terrestrial Fungi

A survey was made of the NaCl tolerance of 975 species of terrestrial fungi selected from the major taxonomic classes. The penicillia and aspergilli were notably the most resistant with the majority of their species able to grow in the presence of 20% or more of NaCl. The Basidiomycetes, as a class, were decidedly the least tolerant with over half the species unable to withstand more than 2% NaCl. Uniformity of tolerance by multiple strains of various species suggests that this may provide a useful taxonomic criterion.
Selective Medium for Moraxella nonliquefaciens

A medium is described which selectively inhibits most bacteria from the normal flora of the conjunctiva, the lid-margin, and the upper respiratory tract but permits growth of Moraxella nonliquefaciens, M. liquefaciens, and the less fastidious strains of M. lacunata. The selective conditions are obtained with thiostrepton, tyrothricin, and sodium nalidixinate as inhibitors. Incubation under increased CO2 pressure increased the number of primary isolations. M. nonliquefaciens was isolated on the selective medium twice as many times as on other media.
LF-NMR online detection of water dynamics in apple cubes during microwave vacuum drying

ABSTRACT In this study, changes in various states of water in apple cubes were assessed using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) during microwave vacuum drying. Apple cubes were dried at different microwave power levels (100, 150, and 200 W). Indicators including moisture content and water activity were measured. The Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) sequence was used to measure transverse relaxation times (T2). The results showed that three water fractions with different T2 relaxation times (around 11, 126, and 1335 ms) were detected in fresh apples, which corresponded to different cell compartments. The transverse relaxation time of bulk water (T23) and the signal per mass of the bulk water (A23/g) decreased significantly with increasing drying time at different microwave power levels. The signal per mass of the total water (ATotal/g) had significant correlation with the total moisture content (R2 = 0.9919). Furthermore, good correlation (R2 = 0.9799) between water activity and NMR parameters based on partial least square regression model were observed. This research revealed that LF-NMR spectroscopy, a nondestructive technique, can detect the changes of water in different populations in the matrix.
Dextransucrase Secretion in Leuconostoc mesenteroides Depends on the Presence of a Transmembrane Proton Gradient

The relationship between proton motive force and the secretion of dextransucrase in Leuconostoc mesente- roides was investigated. L. mesenteroides was able to maintain a constant proton motive force of -130 mV when grown in batch fermentors at pH values 5.8 to 7.0. The contribution of the membrane potential and the transmembrane pH gradient varied depending on the pH of the growth medium. The differential rate of dextransucrase secretion was relatively constant at 1,040 AmU/Amg (dry weight) when cells were grown at pH 6.0 to 6.7. Over this pH range, the internal pH was alkaline with respect to the external pH. When cells were grown at alkaline pH values, dextransucrase secretion was severely inhibited. This inhibition was accompanied by an inversion of the pH gradient as the internal pH became more acidic than the external pH. Addition of nigericin to cells at alkaline pH partially dissipated the inverted pH gradient and produced a fourfold stimulation of dextransucrase secretion. Treatment of cells with the lipophilic cation methyltriphenylphospho-nium had no effect on the rate of dextransucrase secretion at pH 5.5 but inhibited secretion by 95% at pH 7.0. The reduced rate of secretion correlated with the dissipation of the proton motive force by this compound. Values of proton motive force greater than -90 mV were required for maximal rates of dextransucrase secretion. The results of this study indicate that dextransucrase secretion in L. mesenteroides
Low temperature selective catalytic reduction using molding catalysts Mn-Ce/FA and Mn-Ce/FA-30%TiO2

Mn-Ce/FA (M) and Mn-Ce/FA-TiO2 (M), using fly ash (FA) with and without TiO2 as the carriers, were prepared by an integral molding technique. With the increase of TiO2 content, the rates of NO conversion and denitration of Mn-Ce/FA-TiO2 (M) increased, and the NO2 and N2O formation rates decreased. It is found that TiO2 could effectively inhibit the excessive oxidation of NO and the generation of N2O. The effects of space velocity, oxygen concentration and ammonia nitrogen ratio on three types of nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O) and denitration rates of the Mn-Ce/FA (M) and Mn-Ce/FA-30%TiO2 (M) were further investigated. In addition, it is demonstrated that Mn-Ce/FA (M) and Mn-Ce/FA-30%TiO2 (M) were more suitable to be used in the environment of low sulfur and less water.
Plating Efficiency for Primary Hamster Embryo Cells as an Index of Efficacy of Fetal Bovine Serum for Cell Culture

Attachment and growth of mammalian cells plated at low cell density require optimum conditions for the cells to form colonies. Reliability, reproducibility, and validity of the plating efficiency test for evaluating cell culture sera were determined by measuring the plating efficiency of 37 lots of fetal bovine serum obtained from 8 suppliers (5 lots from each of 7, 2 lots from 1 supplier), by using hamster embryo fibroblasts plated at low cell density. The test revealed considerable variation between lots of serum and between suppliers. The five lots from some suppliers had consistently high plating efficiencies, whereas one or more lots from other suppliers had quite low efficiencies. The results were reproducible in repeated tests, and control experiments indicated that the test measured the efficiency of the test serum independently of the efficiency of the serum used for the primary outgrowth of the hamster embryo cells.