Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alkali Metal Heat Pipes for Space Fission Power

Future space transportation and surface power applications will require small fission reactors for power generation. The fission reactors would generate up to 13kWt of power for the energy conversion system. The heat generated by the reactor would be collected and transferred to a series of Stirling convertors or thermoelectric converters for power generation. This heat collection and transfer can be done by high-temperature alkali-metal heat pipes. Two 1m long sodium heat pipes were designed, fabricated, and tested; a self-venting arterial heat pipe and a grooved heat pipe. Artery de-priming by trapped vapor or non-condensable gas in an artery has been a single point failure for traditional arterial heat pipes. A self-venting arterial heat pipe has a screen artery that contains small venting pores in the evaporator section that allow for any trapped vapor or non-condensable gas (NCG) to escape. ACT has demonstrated that a 1m long, 0.75in. (1.91cm) outer diameter sodium self-venting arterial heat pipe is capable of carrying 3.4kW of power at adverse elevations of 0.1in (0.25cm), 0.3in (0.76cm), 0.6in (1.52cm), 1.0in (2.54cm) and 3.0in (7.62cm) without drying out. The sodium self-venting arterial heat pipe is capable of carrying a maximum transport power of 1.4kW at an adverse elevation of 5.0in (12.7cm). Grooved heat pipes are typically used for spacecraft thermal control, since any NCG in the grooves can easily escape. ACT has also demonstrated that a 1m long, 0.75in (1.91cm) outer diameter sodium grooved heat pipe is capable of carrying 846W, 546W and 346W at adverse elevations of 0.1in (0.25cm), 0.6in (1.52cm) and 1.0in (2.54cm), respectively.
Estimation and modelling impacts of Pillar 2 measures on the agricultural sector: Workshop proceedings

This report presents a synthesis of the workshop, summarising the presentations and discussions in the different sessions. The report is organized following the structure of the workshop. The first session of the workshop sets the scene and introduces the main topic at stake. The second session aims at providing current studies estimating the impacts of Pillar 2 measures on agricultural productivity and other main factors (e.g., growth, employment). The third session provides an overview of existing modelling approaches, general and partial equilibrium, to simulate effects of shocks in Pillar 2 payments on the EU agricultural sector. Finally, the fourth session concludes and draws some key messages on how the JRC shall proceed in future efforts on the topic.
Numerical analysis of flow noises in the square cavity vortex based on computational fluid dynamics

In order to study turbulence conditions in an underwater square cavity, the large eddy simulation method was adopted to analyze flow field distributions in the cavity as well as its development and pressure pulsation characteristics at some key positions. MATLAB was also adopted to realize Fast Fourier Transform of signals in time domain and obtain pressure pulsation levels in frequency domain. Based on the analyzed results, pressure pulsation characteristics of key points in the cavity were further discussed. The results showed that pressure pulsation frequencies and characteristics were different with different positions in the square cavity and were closely related with relevant vortex motion states. It was found through comparisons with the experimental results, that pressure pulsation simulation had a good consistency with the experiment when the analyzed frequency was more than 31.5 Hz. As a result, feasibility and accuracy of numerical simulation and Fourier analysis methods were verified. Finally, a numerical model of square cavity in near sound field was built, and sound source intensity distributions at two frequency points were extracted. It could be found that the sound source intensity was large at the rear-edge step, which was consistent with the intensity distribution of vortices. Therefore, reliability of the numerical model in this paper was indirectly verified in the results.
Growth allocation in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in relation to age and wave exposure

Morphological development of Laminaria hyperborea was examined at localities with different degrees of wave exposure. Biomass data were converted to estimates of annual growth of lamina, stipe and hapteron. Allocation of annual growth to the hapteron constituted a small amount of the total production, but increased with increasing wave exposure. At the most sheltered locality, lamina growth amounted to between 80 and 95% of total growth in all age groups, and lamina to stipe ratios (fresh weight) were about 10. A higher portion of the annual growth was allocated to the stipe at the more wave-exposed localities. This resulted in lamina to stipe ratios of between 1 and 2 in old plants, but within these localities no gradual decrease in lamina to stipe ratio with increasing wave exposure was observed. At some localities a maximum of growth allocation to the stipe was found in the intermediate age groups. This was most pronounced at the locality with the highest density of canopy plants and intermediate wave exposure. Also, at this locallty the stipes were longer in relation to their weight than at the other localities. These results indicate that light environment, in additlon to wave exposure, Inay influence the stipe morphology and the relationship between stipe and lamina growth. At one station stipe growth was also calculated in individual tagged plants using the lengthweight relationship. The results agreed with those obtained by the biomass method. The highest allocation of growth to the stipes was found in 3 and 4 yr old plants. Maximum annual stipe growth (weight increase) occurred in 4 and 5 yr old plants and decreased in older plants, while maximum lamina growth was found in the oldest plants.
Regional cluster policy: The Asian model vs. the OECD approach

Nowadays, policy makers in charge of designing innovation policies, especially at the regional level, are more and more looking at the cluster approach either with a view to accelerate the existing clusters or for providing the basis for the emergence of new ones. In fact, not only as a consequence of their appeal as an interactive and territorially embedded vision of innovation but also owing to a lot of other reasons, clusters are usually considered as key instruments for promoting competitiveness, industrial development, innovation and growth. But, although cluster policies have a potential for generating benefits, the presence of potential benefits from cluster initiatives is not per se a sufficient foundation or a validation for policymakers to get involved, since clustering is something that has been happening spontaneously during time. The key question is whether and how policymakers can add value through appropriate measures, beyond the outcomes that markets and market players produce on their own. While there is an extensive literature that focuses on the cluster analysis, the connection between clusters and policy has been mainly ignored. This paper tries to shed light on this issue, highlighting the key features of both the cluster concept and policy. It also aims at contributing to diminish the existing gap between theory and policy comparing two broad models of cluster policy: the Asian and the OECD approach.
AC impedance spectra of field-aged VRLA batteries

This paper reports on studies into the AC impedance spectra and behaviour of field-aged VRLA batteries. The AC impedance spectra of "normal" and "abnormal" field-aged batteries are presented. Preliminary results indicating how the variation of the battery impedance with frequency might be used to identify aging characteristics are also shown.
Novel Approaches for SER Spectroscopic Analysis of Protein Cofactors

Biomimetic systems employed for biotechnological applications i.e. as biosensors or bio fuel cells, require initial formation of conducting support/protein complexes with controlled properties. The specific interaction of the protein with the support determines important qualities of the device such as electrical communication, long-term stability and catalytic efficiency. In this respect the system parameters have to be chosen in a way that high protein loading on the support is achieved while protein denaturation upon adsorption is prevented. The conditions on the surface have to be adjusted in such a way that the desired surface reaction of the protein i.e. electron transfer to either the electrode or a second redox partner, is still guaranteed. Hence the choice of support, its functionlisation as well as the right adjustment of solution parameters play a crucial role in the rational design of these support/protein constructs.
Estimating Volatility Returns Using ARCH Models. An Empirical Case: The Spanish Energy Market

Este artículo analiza las regularidades más comunes en las series de tiempo del rendimiento diario de las acciones del mercado de energía de España, desde un punto de vista empírico. Al ser una herramienta poderosa para modelar su volatilidad, ajustamos una selección de procesos de heterocedasticidad condicional autorregresiva (ARCH) a las series. Se encuentra que solo dos series tienen una relación significativa, aunque diferente, entre el rendimiento condicional esperado de la acción y su varianza condicional: Enagas, cuya relación es negativa y Cepsa, cuya relación es positiva. Se encuentra, además, que el mercado eléctrico ha sido el más volátil durante el período analizado. Palabras clave: series financieras, acciones, rendimiento, riesgo, volatilidad, modelos ARCH, puntos de cambio estructural. Clasificación JEL: C22. Abstract: This paper analyzes the most common regularities of daily stock returns time series in the Spanish Energy Market from an empirical point of view. As they are a powerful tool, we fit a selection of developments of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (ARCH) processes to the series in order to model their volatility. The paper finds that just two series have a significant and different relationship between the expected conditional stock return and its own conditional variance: Enagas (negative) and Cepsa (positive). It also finds that the electric market has been the most volatile market during the period under analysis. Keywords: financial series, stock, return, risk, volatility, ARCH model, structural change points. JEL classification: C22. Résumé: Cet article analyse, du point de vue empirique, les fréquences les plus communes dans les séries de temps du rendement journalier des actions du marché espagnol de l’énergie. Etant donné qu’il s’agit d’un outil puissant pour modeler leur volatilité, nous avons ajusté les séries à travers une sélection de processus d’heterocedasticité conditionnelle autorégressive (ARCH). Nous trouvons qu’il n’y a que deux séries qu’on une relation significative mais différente entre le rendement conditionnel attendu de l’action et sa variance conditionnelle : il s´agit de Enagas dont sa relation est négative et Cepsa dont sa relation est positive. Nos trouvons également que le marché d’électricité a été parmi tous les plus volatil pendant la période d’étude. Mots clés: séries financières, actions, rendement, risque, volatilité, modèles ARCH, points de changement structurel. Classification JEL: C22.
Railway axle box bearing fault identification using LCD-MPE and ELM-AdaBoost

In this study, a new method for bearing fault diagnosis using local characteristic-scale decomposition multi-scale permutation entropy (LCD-MPE) and extreme learning machine AdaBoost (ELM-AdaBoost) algorithms is proposed. Vibration signals of railway axle box rolling bearings under 4 conditions (normal, outer race fault, inner race fault, and rolling element fault) were used as our research objects. The signals were de-noised using wavelet de-noising (WD) as a pre-filter, then the LCD was used to decompose the signal into a number of intrinsic scale components (ISCs). Then, the multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) was extracted as the feature parameters. Finally, the extracted features were used as ELM-AdaBoost to achieve the automated fault diagnosis. Our results prove that our method is effective for an accurate diagnosis of railway axle box bearing faults. Furthermore, our fault diagnosis method is highly applicable in practical engineering.
Protocol-based classification for intrusion detection

A lightweight network intrusion detection system is more efficient and effective for real world requirements. Higher performance may result if insignificant and/or useless features are eliminated. Logistic Regression is one feature selection method. In this study, protocol type and Logistic Regression were used to pick up the feature sets which can get nearly the same performance as the full feature using a Support Vector Machine. Evaluation was done over a benchmark dataset used KDD CUP'99. In terms of time efficiency, the proposed method performs more than seven times better than other feature selection methods.
The relationship between ecrm implementation and eloyalty at different adoption stages of transaction cycle: A conceptual framework and hypothesis

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for the relationship between eCRM and E-loyalty by conceptualizing that e-loyalty is influenced by e-satisfaction, e-trust, and multi-dimensional aspects of eCRM. In order to capture the full picture for this relationship, we attempt to cover the complete purchase experience by focusing on transaction cycle (Pre-Purchase, A-Purchase, and PostPurchase). different Components of eCRM have differing effects on e-loyalty. This study strengthens the literature by adding different components of eCRM as a possible critical antecedent in the model of e-loyalty development and attempts to build a stronger holistic model by including eCRM features.
Investigations on the Possibilities of Monitoring Coastal Changes Including Shallow Under Water Areas with Uas Photo Bathmetry

Abstract. UAS become a very valuable tool for coastal morphology. Not only for mapping but also for change detection and a better understanding of processes along and across the shore. This contribution investigates the possibilities of UAS to determine the water depth in clear shallow waters by means of the so called "photo bathymetry". From the results of several test flights it became clear that three factors influence the ability and the accuracy of bathymetric sea floor measurements. Firstly, weather conditions. Sunny weather is not always good. Due to the high image resolution the sunlight gets focussed even in very small waves causing moving patterns on shallow grounds with high reflection properties, such as sand. This effect invisible under overcast weather conditions. Waves, may also introduce problems and mismatches. Secondly the quality and the accuracy of the georeferencing with SFM algorithms. As multi image key point matching will not work over water, the proposed approach will only work for projects closely to the coastline with enough control on the land. Thirdly the software used and the intensity of post processing and filtering. Refraction correction and the final interpolation of the point cloud into a DTM are the last steps. If everything is done appropriately, accuracies in the bathymetry in the range of 10 – 50 cm, depending on the water depth are possible.
Rebuilding and restructuring the world following rapid comprehensive assessment and treatment for an acute stroke

Management of acute stroke has changed through implementation of rapid comprehensive assessment and treatment. Stroke as a medical emergency and expectancy of recovery has implications on how patients cognitively process the impact of their stroke. Current literature focuses on long term recovery and little is known about patients’ experiences and cognitive processing during the acute phase. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 6 patients on a stroke unit, London, UK, between October and December 2012. The interview schedule was based on interviews with a clinical nurse specialist, stroke patient and previous literature. Interviews took place during hospital admission following transfer from a hyper acute stroke unit. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Participants ages ranged from 68 to 94 years, the emergent super-ordinate themes from this sample receiving a diagnosis of an acute stroke included: (1) disassociation from bodies, self and abilities; (2) search for understanding; (3) striving for independence and acceptance of support; and (4) hope and uncertainty. Although there were variations in participants’ experiences these themes capture the experience of the participants collectively. All participants applied cognitive processes to commence the rebuilding and restructuring of their world. Participants began this process in the acute stage of their stroke.
South-South Migration and Remittances

South-South Migration and Remittances reports on preliminary results from an ongoing effort to improve data on bilateral migration stocks. It sets out some working hypotheses on the determinants and socioeconomic implications of South-South migration. Contrary to popular perception that migration is mostly a South-North phenomenon, South-South migration is large. Available data from national censuses suggest that nearly half of the migrants from developing countries reside in other developing countries. Almost 80 percent of South-South migration takes place between countries with contiguous borders. Estimates of South-South remittances range from 9 to 30 percent of developing countries' remittance receipts in 2005. Although the impact of South-South migration on the income of migrants and natives is smaller than for South-North migration, small increases in income can have substantial welfare implications for the poor. The costs of South-South remittances are even higher than those of North-South remittances. These findings suggest that policymakers should pay attention to the complex challenges that developing countries face not only as countries of origin, but also as countries of destination.
Electrocoagulative and Biological Treatment of Laundry Wastewater

The greater demand for potable water, both locally and worldwide, has directed a huge interest amongst researchers to investigate the possibility of recycling and reusing wastewater from laundry run-offs. The advantage of using recycling wastewater from such sources is mainly due to the fact that these bulk volumes of wastewater are considered to be less chemically polluted in comparison to those discarded from industrial effluents and wastewater sources. Almost all laundry detergents contain surfactants, whose main func-tion serves to remove dirt/soil from contaminated items. Thus, an analysis of the surfactant levels before and after a treatment process is important to confirm that the surfactant has in fact carried out its intended purpose. Electrocoagulative treatment of wastewater, a well-researched and well-documented clean-up process that involves the production of aluminium hydroxy species by oxidation of aluminium metal upon the application of a controlled voltage which adsorbs fine particulate matter and pollutants from the wastewater has been investigated as a clean-up application to the treatment of laundry waste- water. The use of a biological treatment process which entails treating the wastewater with aerobic bacterial specie specifically designed to degrade fats, lipids, protein, detergents and hydrocarbons has also been investigated.
Single‐Pass Electrofishing Predicts Trout Abundance in Mountain Streams with Sparse Habitat

Abstract Fish abundances in mountain streams are typically estimated over a reach with multiple-pass-removal electrofishing techniques, but such estimates are time consuming and they potentially harm fish. Recent research has indicated that a single electrofishing pass can provide an index of trout abundance in some streams, but applicable circumstances were not clarified. We sampled 30 stream reaches in northwestern Wyoming to determine if the number of trout captured with a single electrofishing pass could be used to predict trout abundance as estimated by a multiple-pass-removal maximum-likelihood model. Stream width, depth, channel slope, instream cover, and substrate were also assessed to determine their possible influences on the relationship between the number of fish captured with a single pass and multiple-pass estimates. We found that trout samples from a single electrofishing pass accurately indexed the abundance of trout in small mountain streams with little instream cover and low fish densiti.
Book Reviews (Spring 2012)

This note is made of a review of the R book by Matloff (2011) and of three Bayesian book reviews of Bolstad (2009), Christensen et al. (2010), and Nzoufras (2009) respectively. They are scheduled to appear in the next issue of CHANCE.
By-Plant Prediction of Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain Yield using Height and Stalk Diameter

Methods for determining midseason nitrogen (N) rates in corn have used the parameter normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and, in some cases, plant height. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of stalk diameter along with predictors of yield, including NDVI and plant height with grain yield. Five site-years of data were analyzed, where several rows of corn plants were selected, and yield from plants within the row was recorded individually. Measurements of stalk diameter, plant height, and NDVI were taken from growth stages V8–VT. Using a value of stalk diameter × plant height gave the best correlation with grain yield (r2 = 0.34, 0.55, 0.67; V8, V10, V12, growth stages respectively). This work showed that stalk diameter × plant height was positively correlated with by-plant corn grain yields, and this parameter could be used for refining midseason fertilizer N rates for growth stages V8–V12.
PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS AT DIFFERENT SCALES IN NATIVE AND EXOTIC GRASSLANDS IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA

Abstract Species richness in Madrean mixed-grass prairies dominated by native or exotic species in southeastern Arizona was characterized at the community and point scales using ten 1-m2 quadrats nested within each of eight 1000-m2 plots. In the 1000-m2 plots average richness was significantly higher in oak savanna (OS, 121.0 species) than in exotic grassland on mesa tops (EMT, 52.0 species), whereas native grassland on mesa slopes (NMS, 92.5 species) and native grassland on mesa tops (NMT, 77.0 species) did not differ significantly in richness from OS or EMT. When richness was partitioned by life form, EMT was notably poorer than other community types in species of perennial grasses, perennial herbs, and summer annuals. In the 1-m2 quadrats, OS (21.2 species), NMS (20.9 species), and NMT (20.7 species) were significantly richer than EMT (5.9 species). Cover in 1-m2 plots was significantly higher in EMT than in NMT, NMS, or OS. Species richness at the point scale showed a unimodal relation to canopy cover, with cover accounting for 30% of the variation in number of species in 1-m2 quadrats. Competitive exclusion and allelopathy have perhaps limited species richness at the point scale in exotic grassland. There was no evidence of a species-pool effect between point and community scales, but such an effect between community and landscape scales was supported. Madrean mixed-grass prairies are landscapes with high species richness in comparison to other grassland types in North America, providing a large pool of potential colonizing species at the community scale. Beta-diversity (between communities) within the landscape of the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch was consequently high despite a relative lack of habitat diversity.