Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Providing security on demand using invasive computing

Abstract The invasive computing paradigm offers applications the possibility to dynamically spread their computation in a multicore/multiprocessor system in a resource-aware way. If applications are assumed to act maliciously, many security problems arise. In this acticle, we discuss different ways to deal with security problems in a resource-aware way. We first formalize the attacker model and the different security requirements that applications may have in multi-core systems. We then survey different hardware and software security mechanisms that can be dynamically configured to guarantee security on demand for invasive applications.
Information quantities attached to M-ary antiuniform Huffman codes

In this paper M-ary antiuniform Huffman codes are considered. In this case the source probability distribution assures the minimum average codeword length, by diversifying only one node on each level in the tree graph. A matrix characterization of the M-ary antiuniform Huffman code as a source with memory is performed and the information quantities are derived.
Natural language processing future

Natural Language Processing is a technique where machine can become more human and thereby reducing the distance between human being and the machine can be reduced. Therefore in simple sense NLP makes human to communicate with the machine easily. There are many applications developed in past few decades in NLP. Most of these are very useful in everyday life for example a machine that takes instructions by voice. There are lots of research groups working on this topic to develop more practical are useful systems. Natural Language Processing holds great promise for making computer interfaces that are easier to use for people, since people will hopefully be able to talk to the computer in their own language, rather than learn a specialized language of computer commands. For programming, however, the necessity of a formal programming language for communicating with a computer has always been taken for granted. We would like to challenge this assumption. We believe that modern Natural Language Processing techniques can make possible the use of natural language to express programming ideas, thus drastically increasing the accessibility of programming to non-expert users. To demonstrate the feasibility of Natural Language Programming, this paper tackles what are perceived to be some of the hardest cases: steps and loops.
Optimal Dynamic Risk-Taking ∗

We analyze a continuous-time model of dynamic project choices by an agent that is relevant to various important issues in financial economics. An agent controls the drift and volatility of a lognormal output process by dynamically selecting one of N projects. Under broad conditions, the optimal risk-taking policy is characterized by at most K − 1 unique switching triggers, where K is the number of spanning projects. As an application, we analyze a continuous-time structural model of capital structure with asset substitution, and obtain novel implications for the effects of systematic risk on capital structure. In contrast with previous studies, there are substantial agency costs of asset substitution, which generate leverage ratios and credit spreads consistent with empirical values.
CALIBRATING BAYES FACTOR UNDER PRIOR PREDICTIVE DISTRIBUTIONS

The Bayes factor is a popular criterion in Bayesian model selection. Due to the lack of symmetry of the prior predictive distribution of Bayes factor across models, the scale of evidence in favor of one model against another constructed based solely on the observed value of the Bayes factor is thus inappropriate. To overcome this problem, a novel calibrating value of the Bayes factor based on the prior predictive distributions and the decision rule based on this calibrating value for selecting the model are proposed. We further show that the proposed decision rule based on the calibration distribution is equivalent to the surprise-based de- cision. That is, we choose the model for which the observed Bayes factor is less surprising. Moreover, we demonstrate that the decision rule based on the calibrat- ing value is closely related to the classical rejection region for a standard hypothesis testing problem. An ecien t Monte Carlo method is proposed for computing the calibrating value. In addition, we carefully examine the robustness of the decision rule based on the calibration distribution to the choice of imprecise priors under both nested and non-nested models. A data set is used to further illustrate the proposed methodology and several important extensions are also discussed. Let y denote the data and let M1 and M2 be two competing models. Then the Bayes factor, B(y), is one of the most popular criteria in selecting which of models M1 and M2 t the data better. The Bayes factor can be interpreted as the strength of the evidence favoring one of the models for the given data. In fact, the Bayes factor is strongly related to the posterior probabilities of models M1 and M2, and hence its interpretation is straightforward. Jereys (1961) and Kass and Raftery (1995) have proposed the rules to determine the strength of evidence which can be associated with the observed value of the Bayes factor. On the other hand, before the data are taken, the Bayes factor, B(Y ), is a random variable, and its distribution follows that of Y. Then the sampling properties of the Bayes factor can be examined under each of the two models
Sensitivity of inter-area modes to parameters of an oscillatory recovery load model

It is well accepted among the power system community that the load model has an important impact on the stability studies of power systems. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of the small disturbance angular stability of power systems to the behaviour of load response. A transfer function representation of loads is developed from the linearization of the composite load models and dynamics of the loads are characterized by the frequency, damping and recovery time constant of this load model. The sensitivity studies of this paper show that poorly damped oscillations of the load, with a frequency close to the oscillation frequency of the inter-area modes, could detrimentally influence the damping of the system.
Determinants and Outcomes of Asystole During Carotid Artery Stenting

Purpose To examine the predictors and outcomes of asystole in patients who undergo carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods Forty-three patients (24 men; median age 69 years) with asystole were identified after reviewing the case records of 884 patients who underwent CAS at our institution between 1997 and 2009. The control group comprised 678 patients who underwent stenting in the carotid sinus area without asystole. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to determine the predictors and outcomes of asystole. Results A right-sided procedure was more likely to result in asystole [odds ratio (OR) 11.4, 95% CI 4.0 to 32.7, p<0.0001] compared with a left-sided procedure. Patients with a contralateral carotid stenosis (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.8, p=0.04) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <40% (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.03) were also more likely to suffer asystole. Smokers appeared less likely to develop asystole (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.56, p=0.0006). Periprocedural stroke (14% vs. 1.3%, p<0.001), length of stay during index hospitalization (2.2 vs. 1.2 days, p=0.002), and 30-day mortality (11.6% vs. 4.1%, p=0.02) were significantly higher in the asystole group. Conclusion Asystole during CAS is more likely to occur in patients undergoing procedures in the right carotid sinus area, in those who have significant contralateral carotid stenosis, and in those with a reduced LVEF. More caution should be exercised during right-sided than left-sided CAS procedures.
Third-order complex amplitudes tracking loop for slow flat fading channel online estimation

This paper deals with channel estimation in tracking mode over a flat Rayleigh fading channel with Jakes' Doppler Spectrum. Many estimation algorithms exploit the time-domain correlation of the channel by employing a Kalman filter based on a first-order (or sometimes second-order) approximation model of the time-varying channel. However, the nature of the approximation model itself degrades the estimation performance for slow to moderate varying channel scenarios. Furthermore, the Kalman-based algorithms exhibit a certain complexity. Hence, a different model and approach has been investigated in this work to tackle all of these issues. A novel PLL-structured third-order tracking loop estimator with a low complexity is proposed. The connection between a steady-state Kalman filter based on a random walk approximation model and the proposed estimator is first established. Then, a sub-optimal mean-squared-error (MSE) is given in a closed-form expression as a function of the tracking loop parameters. The parameters that minimize this sub-optimal MSE are also given in a closed-form expression. The asymptotic MSE and Bit-Error-Ratio (BER) simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator outperforms the first and second order Kalman-based filters reported in literature. The robustness of the proposed estimator is also verified by a mismatch simulation.
Radiation Hardened Silicon Devices Using a Novel Thick Oxide

A radiation hardened thick oxide technology is proposed. It utilizes a double layer consisting of a thick chemically deposited SiO2 over a thin thermal SiO2. In npn transistors, a 1.5 order of magnitude improvement in radiation tolerance is observed when this technology is combined with a highly doped Si surface layer.
Inhibitory effects of Terminalia arjuna on platelet activation in vitro in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease

Terminalia arjuna (TA) is a medicinal plant used as a cardiotonic in ayurveda. Besides others, scientific evidence dictates its strong hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. However, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregatory properties of TA are not known. The present study demonstrates in vitro effects of its ethanolic bark extract (TAE) on platelet function indices. Twenty patients of angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in Group I and 20 age and sex-matched controls were included in Group II. Platelet activation was monitored by determining P-selectin (CD62P) expression, intracellular free calcium (Ca2+) release and platelet aggregation. In vitro effect of TA on platelets function indices was determined by incubating the platelets with TAE in a time and dose-dependent manner in presence/absence of ADP. TAE was able to significantly inhibit platelet aggregation both in patient and control groups. Significant attenuation in Ca2+ release and expression of CD62P was also observed with TAE. Our data clearly demonstrates that the bark extract of TA decreases platelet activation and may possess antithrombotic properties. The possible mechanism of action could be by desensitizing platelets to the agonist by competing with platelet receptor or by interfering with signal transduction. Thus, TA can be exploited for its therapeutic potential in CAD and related cardiovascular disorders.
Public Opinion Sensing and Trend Analysis on Social Media: A Study on Nuclear Power on Twitter

Due to their popularity and rapid propagation capability, social media have become important communication channel on public opinions because they work as a main virtual space to raise new public issues, discussion on these issues, and make opinion directions on them. With the recognition of the importance of social media, many enterprises and governments try to use social media as marketing tools or public opinion sensing tools. Nuclear power has become one of trending public issues in Korea after Fukushima nuclear disaster. Nuclear power is a double-edged sword because it is the most efficient way to generate electricity currently and it also has dangerous potential risk such as radiation leakage. Governments and policy makers need to monitor public opinion on nuclear power continuously because it can be changed depending on related events. In this study, we aim to propose an approach to sense public opinions on nuclear power and to analyze their trend based on opinion mining techniques. Also we propose a measure to trace the changes on directions of public opinion on nuclear power. To show the usefulness of the proposed approach, we had gathered tweets on nuclear power in Korean from 2009 to 2013. After classification of tweets from 2009 to 2011, sentimental dictionary including positive and negative terms had been constructed. The performance testing using tweets from 2012 to 2013 showed that the proposed approach can be applied in practice.
APUNet: Revitalizing GPU as Packet Processing Accelerator

Many research works have recently experimented with GPU to accelerate packet processing in network applications. Most works have shown that GPU brings a significant performance boost when it is compared to the CPUonly approach, thanks to its highly-parallel computation capacity and large memory bandwidth. However, a recent work argues that for many applications, the key enabler for high performance is the inherent feature of GPU that automatically hides memory access latency rather than its parallel computation power. It also claims that CPU can outperform or achieve a similar performance as GPU if its code is re-arranged to run concurrently with memory access, employing optimization techniques such as group prefetching and software pipelining. In this paper, we revisit the claim of the work and see if it can be generalized to a large class of network applications. Our findings with eight popular algorithms widely used in network applications show that (a) there are many compute-bound algorithms that do benefit from the parallel computation capacity of GPU while CPU-based optimizations fail to help, and (b) the relative performance advantage of CPU over GPU in most applications is due to data transfer bottleneck in PCIe communication of discrete GPU rather than lack of capacity of GPU itself. To avoid the PCIe bottleneck, we suggest employing integrated GPU in recent APU platforms as a cost-effective packet processing accelerator. We address a number of practical issues in fully exploiting the capacity of APU and show that network applications based on APU achieve multi-10 Gbps performance for many compute/memory-intensive algorithms.
The retinal vasculature and function of the neural retina in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE In a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the retinal vasculature and function of the neural retina were studied longitudinally. Vascular and neural parameters were evaluated for significant relationships. METHODS Retinopathy was induced by exposing newborn rats to alternating 50% and 10% oxygen until age 14 days. To evaluate the function of the neural retina, electroretinographic (ERG) responses to full-field stimuli were recorded from dark-adapted rats at ages 18 and 31 days. Sensitivity and saturated amplitude of photoreceptor and postreceptor activity were derived from ERG a- and b- waves. To evaluate the retinal vasculature, digital fundus photographs were obtained at the same ages, and the tortuosity indices of the arterioles (TIA) and venules (TIV) were calculated. ROP rats and room-air-raised control animals were compared. Vascular and response parameters were evaluated for significant relationships. RESULTS In ROP rats, TIA was high at 18 days and decreased in every rat to nearly normal levels by 31 days. TIV was less affected by ROP or age. Deficits in all receptor and post-receptor response parameters were present in 18-day-old ROP rats. Post-receptor sensitivity recovered completely by 31 days. Deficits in other response parameters persisted. No significant correlations between vascular and ERG parameters were found in 18-day-old ROP rats. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive, longitudinal measures in this model of ROP showed significant abnormalities in both the retinal vasculature and function of the neural retina that were most marked at age 18 days. However, vascular and neural abnormalities did not correlate.
Crystal structures of two substituted thiazolidine derivatives

In both compounds, namely 2′-ferrocenyl-6′-methyl-6a’-nitro-6′,6a’,6b’,7′,9′,11a’-hexahydro-2H-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,11′-chromeno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazol]-2-one, (I), and 6′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6a’-nitro-6′,6a’,6b’,7′,9′,11a’-hexahydro-2H-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,11′-chromeno[3′,4′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazol]-2-one, (II), an intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(7) ring motif. In (I), molecules are linked via two different C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001] and [100]. In (II), they are linked through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with an (10) ring motif while C—H⋯π interactions link the molecules in a head-to-tail fashion, forming chains along the a-axis direction.
Induction of Female-to-Male Sex Reversal by High Temperature Treatment in Medaka, Oryzias latipes

Abstract Medaka, Oryzias latipes, has a firm XX-XY sex-determining system with the sex-determining gene, DMY, on the Y chromosome. However, previous studies have suggested that high water temperature might affect sex determination in Medaka. In the present study, the influence of high water temperature on sex reversal was examined. Fertilized eggs of two inbred strains of Medaka were developed at high water temperature (32°C) until hatching. The hatched fry were kept at normal water temperatures (27°C) until adulthood, and the phenotypic and genotypic sex was examined. As a result, 24% (N=105) and 50% (N=36) of XX fish developed a male phenotype in the Hd-rR and HNI inbred strains, respectively. These XX sex-reversed males had a normal testis and were fully fertile. On the other hand, all XY fish were male in the both strains. These results demonstrate that high water temperatures can induce XX sex reversal and that elevated water temperatures during the embryonic stage is a simple and useful method for getting XX males in Medaka.
Analysis of the DNA Sequence of a 34 038 bp Region on the Left Arm of Yeast Chromosome XV

We report the DNA sequence of a 34 038 bp segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV. Subsequent analysis revealed 20 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp and two tRNA genes. Five ORFs correspond to genes previously identified in S. cerevisiae, including RPLA2, PRE6, MSE1, IFM1 and SCM2 (TAT2, TAP2, LTG3). Two putative proteins share considerable homology with other proteins in the current data libraries. ORF O2145 shows 41·2% identity with the glycophospholipid‐anchored surface glycoprotein Gas1p of S. cerevisiae and ORF O2197 has 53·2% identity to chromosome segregation protein Dis3p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Accession Numbers for these sequences are provided in Table 1. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short and Tall Stature

Short or tall stature is primarily a normal variation of height. It is part of the continuum of the normal Gaussian distribution curve which defines the lower and upper limit of normal as the 3rd and 97th percentile. Within this context it is very important to differentiate normal variations in height and growth from pathological conditions. Normal variations in height are familial and idiopathic short or tall stature. Normal variations in growth are diagnosed as constitutional acceleration or constitutional delay of growth and puberty and are observed on all percentiles. Patients with pathological conditions of height usually have a syndromal, skeletal or chromosomal disorders such as Russell-Silver or Marfan syndrome, achondroplasia, Ullrich-Turner or Klinefelter syndrome. Many of the disorders with short stature have intrauterine growth retardation. The (mean) final height does not necessarily follow the target height range, but reaches a height below or above the population 3rd or 97th percentile. Patients with pathological conditions of growth can have short, normal or tall stature. They have a reduced or increased growth rate caused by a wide variety of chronic organic or psychosomatic diseases. At present, treatment with growth hormone (GH) is available for patients with GH deficiency, Ullrich-Turner syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency, small for gestational age and Prader-Willi syndrome. The indication for GH treatment of idiopathic short stature is so far only approved in the USA. Adult height data indicate that patients with documented GH deficiency reach an adult height within their target height range. For all other indications a statistically significant improvement in adult height has been documented. In the long-term follow-up of these patients not only a statistically significant but also a clinically relevant improvement in adult height should be demonstrated. Depending on the results, some of the indications for GH therapy might have to be reconsidered.
KETAMINE FOR DEPRESSION: AN OLD DRUG WITH A NEW INDICATION

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe and chronic condition affecting 350 million subjects worldwide with 1 million subjects committing suicide every year (World Health Organization 2008). MDD is prevailing in wealthy countries including Italy, where lifetime prevalence was estimated at 9.9% (Bromet et al. 2011). Diagnosis is defined by fulfilling at least five of the nine criteria described in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DMS-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013). Symptoms should be present for at least 2 consecutive weeks and should “represent a change from previous functioning”. Moreover, the presence of “depressed mood” or “loss of interest or pleasure“ (criteria 1 and 2, respectively) is mandatory for the diagnosis of MDD (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013). A wide array of treatment options are currently available for MDD, spanning from pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy to their combination, as well as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Despite all these therapeutic options, only a fraction of patients achieves remission (a period of at least 2 months without significant signs or symptoms of the disease) and chronicity of symptoms predisposes to treatment resistance. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as the failure of at least two antidepressant treatments from two different classes, is a major concern for public health (Souery et al 2006). A great deal of research has been addressed to develop new therapeutic strategies based on innovative psychopharmacological approaches. In this frame, glutamatergic system represents a promising target for an effective intervention as long as NMDA receptor antagonism has been found to produce fast acting antidepressant effects. Ketamine has been instrumental in developing this new concept. This drug is a non-selective NMDA antagonist with anaesthetic (Marland et al. 2013), analgesic (Persson 2013) and anticonvulsivant properties (Dorandeu 2013). Despite its promising clinical application, ketamine use in limited by potentially harmful psychotomimetic effects (Krystal et al. 1994, Lahti et al. 1995, Moore et al. 2011) which are responsible for its recreational use and abuse (Morgan et al. 2004, Muetzelfeldt et al. 2008). More recently, the potential clinical use of ketamine for the treatment of MDD and bipolar depression (BD) has been evaluated (Aan Het Rot et al. 2010, Messer et al. 2010, Blier et al. 2012, Cusin et al. 2012, Krystal et al. 2013, Murrough et al. 2013 a,c, Niciu et al. 2013). Hereafter we summarize the most recent findings on the antidepressant activity of ketamine, together with a brief update on the potential mechanism of action.