Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Validation of CO2-Based Occupancy Detection for Demand-Controlled Ventilation

On-line ventilation control based on carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement and the dynamic CO 2 balance in indoor spaces has been validated using a dynamic algo rithm for two existing buildings. Occupancy profiles esti mated using the dynamic algorithm were compared with the true occupancy profiles and the occupancy profiles estimated using a steady-state algorithm based on the steady-state CO2 balance. The dynamic algorithm esti mates the changes of occupancy without significant de lay. The steady-state algorithm is comparable only at a high air change rate and shows a considerable delay when the number of air changes per hour in a space is small. This phenomenon was investigated using com puter simulation.
Characteristics of Energy Storage Devices in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems

Using piezoelectric elements to harvest energy from ambient vibration has been of great interest recently. As the power harvested from the piezoelectric element is relatively low, energy storage devices are needed to accumulate the energy for intermittent use. In this study, the energy storage devices considered include rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. The traditional electrolytic capacitors are not considered due to their low energy density. The charge/discharge efficiencies of the energy storage devices are of major concern. The equivalent circuit model of the energy storage devices is investigated. It is found that the leakage resistances of the energy storage devices are the dominant factor that influences the charge/discharge efficiency in the piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. A quick test method is proposed to experimentally study the charge/discharge efficiencies of the energy storage devices. The experimental results verify our findings. Adaptability, lifetime, and charging protection circuit of the energy storage devices are also discussed. It can be concluded that supercapacitors are suitable and more desirable than the rechargeable batteries to store the energy in the piezoelectric energy harvesting systems.
Comparison of popliteal anesthesia and spinal anesthesia in patients with the diabetic foot: Our clinical series

Aim: Surgery is of great importance in the treatment of diabetic foot. We aimed to compare unilateral spinal anesthesia and ultrasound-guided popliteal block procedures in patients diagnosed with a diabetic foot ulcer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we included 54 patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers in our hospital between September 2010 and December 2012. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 27 patients each: Group I (Spinal group) and Group II (Popliteal group). Spinal anesthesia was performed in Group I, whereas ultrasound-guided popliteal block was performed in Group II. During and after the anesthesia, the total isotonic fluid given, average patient and surgeon satisfaction score, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Results: In Group I, the average length of hospital stay was 6.07 ± 1.2 days, the total isotonic fluid given was 1832.2 ± 280.7 ml, and the average patient and surgeon satisfaction score was 2.44 ± 0.5. In Group II, the average length of hospital stay was 6.5 ± 1.04 days, the total isotonic fluid given was 731.11 ± 130.2 ml, and the average patient and surgeon satisfaction score were 3. In addition, in Group I, 9 patients had bradycardia and 12 patients had hypotension and nausea. The findings of the study indicate a statistically significant difference in terms of the total isotonic fluid given and average patient and surgeon satisfaction scores (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in terms of hospital stay (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that ultrasound-guided popliteal block provides more reliable and efficient analgesia than spinal anesthesia in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Optimal feedback control of a manufacturing system with setup changes

In this paper, we study the scheduling of a deterministic one-machine two-part-type setup system under steady and transient conditions. The optimal solution, expressed as an optimal feedback control, provides the optimal production rates and setup switching epochs as a function of the state of the system. For the steady state, the optimal cyclic schedule is determined. For the transient case, the state space is partitioned into mutually exclusive regions, each characterized by an optimal control policy. A novel algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal state trajectory for this case. <<ETX>>
V.Y. Valyaev, O.A. Sapozhnikov RADIATION OF WIDEBAND PULSES BY THICK LITHIUM NIOBATE TRANSDUCER: NUMERICAL SIMULATION

Based of the finite differences method, numerical algorithm was developed and program was written to describe elastic and electrical processes in cylindrical lithium niobate transducer in the presence of metal back load, liquid frontal load and fixing along the edges. Parameters of signal radiated to liquid were analyzed depending on parameters of case and exciting electrical signal. The possibility of construction of etalon broadband transducer to calibrate hydrophones on basis of thick lithium niobate piezocrystal was investigated.
Ensuring GPS navigation integrity using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

The many advantages of Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigation have created a tremendous amount of interest in using GPS as the primary navigation aid onboard commercial and civil aircraft. Even in the presence of Selective Availability, the accuracy of GPS is sufficient to guide aircraft point-to-point between airports without requiring other navigation aids such as VOR or DME. Unfortunately, there is a finite probability that a GPS satellite will fail, causing the transmission of potentially misleading navigation information. Thus, before GPS can be widely adopted as a navigation aid, techniques must be devised to detect any possible failures and notify the user prior to the degradation of navigation accuracy. This paper discusses the problem of detecting possible GPS satellite failures using a technique called Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). >
Office chairs are often not adjusted by end-users

To find out how many office workers adjust their chairs, 350 office workers in Spain and the Netherlands are observed and questioned on whether they adjust their chairs. It appears that 24% of 236 Spanish office workers and 61% of 100 Dutch subjects never adjust their chair. If the chair is adjusted, it concerns mostly the seat height. Except for the seat height, other adjustment possibilities are not used by the majority of the study population. Reasons for not adapting could be awareness, complexity of the control system and expected effects.
Quantum2FA: Efficient Quantum-Resistant Two-Factor Authentication Scheme for Mobile Devices

Smart-card based password authentication has been the most widely used two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism for security-critical applications (e.g., e-Health, smart grid and e-Commerce) in the past decades, and it is likely to hold its status in the foreseeable future. Hundreds of this type of 2FA schemes have been proposed, yet to our knowledge, most of them are built on the intractability of conventional hard problems (e.g., discrete logarithm problems and integer factoring problems) which are no longer hard in the quantum era. With the recent advancements in quantum computing, the design of secure and efficient smart-card based password authentication schemes against quantum attacks is becoming increasingly urgent. However, it is not as simple as it seems, how to design such a quantum-resistant 2FA scheme is challenging due to the demanding security requirements and the resource-constrained nature of mobile devices. In this work, we take the first step towards this issue by proposing Quantum2FA, a practical quantum-resistant smart-card-based password authentication scheme that employs Alkim et al.’s lattice-based key exchange and Wang-Wang’s “fuzzy-verifier + honeywords” technique (IEEE TDSC’18). Particularly, Quantum2FA can thwart the newly revealed key-reuse attack (ACISP’18, CT-RSA’19) against lattice-based key exchange schemes in two aspects: signal leakage attacks and key mismatch attacks. Specifically, it restricts the necessary conditions (i.e., the attacker must be the initiator of the key exchange) for an adversary to analyze the signal; It introduces honeywords to detect the key mismatches between the smart card and the server, and thus smart card loss attack can be thwarted. We formally prove the security of Quantum2FA under the random oracle model and demonstrate its efficiency through experiments on a 32 MHz 8-bit AVR Embedded Processor. Comparison results show that Quantum2FA is not only more secure but also offers better computation efficiency than the state-of-the-art conventional 2FA schemes.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Greatly Affect Physicochemical Properties of Model Lipid Membranes

Although phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are widely used and well-studied drugs, the potential benefits of their application in the treatment of various diseases and new drug delivery systems, including liposome forms, are still being discussed. In this regard, the role of the lipid matrix of cell membranes in the pharmacological action of the inhibitors is of special interest. It was shown that sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil caused a significant decrease in the boundary potential of model membranes composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine or its mixture with cholesterol, by 70–80 mV. The reduction in the membrane dipole potential induced by inhibitors led to a 20–25% increase in the conductance of cation-selective pores formed by the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin A. The addition of sildenafil or vardenafil also led to a significant decrease in the temperature of the main phase transition of dipalmytoylphosphatidylcholine, by about 1.5 °C, while tadalafil did not change the melting temperature. Sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil enhanced the pore-forming activity of the antifungal polyene antibiotic nystatin by 11, 13, and 2 times, respectively. This fact might indicate the induction of membrane curvature stress by the inhibitors. The data obtained might be of special interest for the development of lipid-mediated forms of drugs.
A framework for assessing the use of lean production practices in manufacturing cells

This study introduces a framework for assessing the use of lean production (LP) practices in manufacturing cells (MCs). The development of the framework included four stages: (a) defining LP practices applicable to MC, based on criteria such as the inclusion of practices that workers could observe, interact with and use on a daily basis; (b) defining attributes for each practice, emphasising the dimensions which were typical of their implementation in LP environments; (c) defining a set of evidence and sources of evidence for assessing the existence of each attribute–the sources of evidence included direct observations, analysis of documents, interviews and a feedback meeting to validate the assessment results with company representatives; (d) drawing up a model of the relationships among the LP practices, based on a survey with LP experts. This model supports the identification of improvement opportunities in MC performance based on the analysis of their interfaces. A case study of an MC from an automobile parts supplier is presented to illustrate the application of the framework.
Balancing the length of the distal tip by septins is key for stability and signalling function of primary cilia

Primary cilia are antenna‐like organelles required for signalling transduction. How cilia structure is mechanistically maintained at steady‐state to promote signalling is largely unknown. Here, we define that mammalian primary cilia axonemes are formed by proximal segment (PS) and distal segment (DS) delineated by tubulin polyglutamylation‐rich and ‐poor regions, respectively. The analysis of proximal/distal segmentation indicated that perturbations leading to cilia over‐elongation influenced PS or DS length with a different impact on cilia behaviour. We identified septins as novel repressors of DS growth. We show that septins control the localisation of MKS3 and CEP290 required for a functional transition zone (TZ), and the cilia tip accumulation of the microtubule‐capping kinesin KIF7, a cilia‐growth inhibitor. Live‐cell imaging and analysis of sonic‐hedgehog (SHH) signalling activation established that DS over‐extension increased cilia ectocytosis events and decreased SHH activation. Our data underlines the importance of understanding cilia segmentation for length control and cilia‐dependent signalling.
Conditional Effects Received Parental Support on Emerging Adults’ Relational Satisfaction

Abstract Grounded in sensitive interaction systems theory, this study examined whether communication competence, emerging adults’ gender, conversation initiation, and stressor appraisal moderated the association between received parental support and emerging adults’ relational satisfaction with parents when discussing a stressor. A cross-sectional, online survey (n = 338, Mage = 20.82, female: n = 190, 56.2%, males: n = 148, 45.8%) was conducted. Results indicated communication competence, more so than parental support, affected relational satisfaction but only under particular conditions. The first condition was when emerging adults initiated the stressor conversation and had lower communication competence. The second condition was when they had similar levels of communication competence as their parent and appraised the stressor as an individual stressor.
TEM horn optimized for transient radiation

Theory and measurements are presented to show that careful shaping of antenna metalization can be used to design TEM horn antennas for ultra‐wideband applications involving high‐fidelity impulsive electromagnetic fields. The effect on the radiated pulse, spectral bandwidth, and transfer function is discussed. A numerical time‐domain formulation is described to compute the impulsive radiated far‐field waveform, and some experimental results are included to indicate the usefulness of the technique. The ringing action of the antenna is recognized as the crucial parameter constraining the usefulness of the design. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 161–164, 2001.
Associations of Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Depression with Cognitive and Executive Functions among Community-Dwelling Women Aged ≥ 65 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression with cognitive performance, executive functions, and verbal fluency among women aged ≥ 65 years; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 241 women (72.52 ± 3.93 years). Cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Examination) and impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), verbal fluency (Isaacs test) and executive function (Trail Making Test), Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were determined; (3) Results: The linear regression analysis indicated that anxiety, depression and age, were related to lower Mini-Mental State Examination score (adjusted R2 = 0.306), and age, anxiety and daytime dysfunction were linked to reduced Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (adjusted R2 = 0.248). Age and daytime dysfunction were associated with worse verbal fluency (adjusted R2 = 0.094). Finally, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, the Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index total score were associated with longer times in TMT-A (adjusted R2 = 0.758) and TMT-B (adjusted R2 = 0.508); (4) Conclusions: Sleep quality was associated with cognitive performance, verbal fluency and executive functions. Besides, both anxiety and depression were related with cognitive performance, while only anxiety was linked to executive functions. As for confounders, age was associated with cognitive performance and verbal fluency.
Adequacy assessment of distributed generation systems using Monte Carlo Simulation

This paper presents a Monte Carlo-based method for the adequacy assessment of distributed generation systems. The state duration sampling approach is employed in this paper to model the operating histories of the installed distributed generators. A general procedure to assess the ability of the system power capacity to meet the total demand is presented and implemented in a typical case study where several distributed generation units are running in parallel within a sample distribution system and the system margins and the average amount of unsupplied loads are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained are presented and a new perspective to the power management of distribution systems is discussed.
Downtime analysis of drilling machines and suggestions for improvements

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the downtime of four drilling machines used in two underground mines in Sweden. The downtime of these machines was compared to show what problems affect downtime and which strategies should be applied to reduce it. Design/methodology/approach – The study collects failure data from a two-year period for four drilling machines and performs reliability analysis. It also performs downtime analysis utilising a log-log diagram with a confidence interval. Findings – There are notable differences in the downtime of most of the studied components for all machines. The hoses and feeder have relatively high downtime. Depending on their downtime, the significant components can be ranked in three groups. The downtime of the studied components is due to reliability problems. The study suggests the need to improve the reliability of critical components to reduce the downtime of drilling machines. Originality/value – The method of analysing the downtime, ident.
Dynamic compensation of AC transmission lines by solid-state synchronous voltage sources

This paper describes a novel approach in which solid-state synchronous voltage sources are employed for the dynamic compensation and real time control of power flow in transmission systems. The synchronous voltage source is implemented by a multi-pulse inverter using gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors. It is capable of generating internally the reactive power necessary for network compensation, and is also able to interface with an appropriate energy storage device to negotiate real power exchange with the AC system. The paper develops a comprehensive treatment of power flow control using solid-state synchronous voltage sources for shunt compensation, series and phase angle control. It also describes the unique unified power flow controller that is able to control concurrently or selectively all three network parameters (voltage, impedance, transmission angle) determining power transmission. Comparison of the synchronous voltage source approach with the more conventional compensation method of employing thyristor-switched capacitors and reactors shows its superior performance (including the unmatched capability of using both reactive and real power compensation to counteract dynamic disturbances), uniform applicability, smaller physical size, and potentially lower overall cost. >
Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics

Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Acknowledgements List of main symbols 1. Introduction: a history of helicopter flight 2. Fundamentals of rotor aerodynamics 3. Blade element analysis 4. Rotating blade motion 5. Helicopter performance 6. Aerodynamics design of helicopters 7. Aerodynamics of rotor airfoils 8. Unsteady airfoil behavior 9. Dynamic stall 10. Rotor wakes and blade tip vortices 11. Rotor-airframe interaction aerodynamics 12. Autogiros and gyroplanes 13. Aerodynamics of wind turbines 14. Computational methods for helicopter aerodynamics Appendix Index.
A new family of zero-current-switching PWM converters and a novel HPF-ZCS-PWM boost rectifier

This work presents a new family of DC to DC converters based on a new zero-current-switching (ZCS) pulse-width-modulated (PWM) soft-commutation cell. Two transistors (main and auxiliary switches), two diodes, two small resonant inductors and one resonant capacitor compose this commutation cell, appropriated to operate with insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as the power switches. This new ZCS-PWM cell provides a zero-voltage (ZV) turn-on to the diodes, a zero-current (ZC) turn-on and a zero-current-zero-voltage (ZCZV) turn-off to the transistors. The new family of converters, originated from the proposed ZCS-PWM cell, offers conditions to obtain isolated converters, as example: derived buck-boost, Sepic and Zeta converters. An application of the new commutation cell in a new ZCS-PWM boost rectifier is developed, obtaining a structure with power factor near unity, high efficiency at wide load range and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the input current. The principle of operation, the theoretical analysis and the design procedure are presented. A design example is developed and experimental results to the new high-power-factor (HPF) ZCS-PWM boost rectifier are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
A New Modeling Approach to Predict ‘Peukert Effect’ for Lead Acid Batteries

Abstract This paper presents a new modeling structure to capture the ‘Peukert effect’ in lead-acid (PbA) batteries. Despite the fact that new battery chemistries are available nowadays for use in electric and hybrid vehicles, PbA batteries still play an important role in automotive and stationary applications. In particular, this papers focuses on PbA batteries used in deep cycle applications such as military ground vehicles, all-electric vehicles and power backup systems for which a novel battery model is proposed in order to capture, and therefore predict, the apparent capacity reduction phenomenon (‘Peukert effect') as a consequence of the current at which the battery is discharged. The novel battery model structure, based on an equivalent electrical circuit representation of the battery, is shown to reproduce this phenomenon under different operating conditions. The model is verified in simulations. An experimental test plan is then designed to calibrate and validate the model against real data.
Double upsets from glancing collisions: a simple model verified with flight data (SRAM)

A simple model for the geometry for lateral strikes by heavy ions has been developed. Rates for double upsets in a 93L422 RAM (random access memory) have been calculated with the geometry model and with an integral approach for calculating the upset rates when there is a distribution of charge deposition for upset. The method of calculating upset rates has been verified with flight data on single events from two geostationary satellites, and the geometry model has been verified with double upset events observed on one of them. The single rates agree with observations to within a factor of two, and the fraction of double rates is in close agreement with the flight data. Events were observed when there was a minimum of solar activity so that the contribution from proton upsets was negligible. >
Scattering matrix analysis of 3*3 fiber couplers

A general scattering matrix (S-matrix) theory lossy reciprocal 3*3 couplers is developed. It predicts the possible values of the phases of the complex S-matrix coefficient if the magnitude of these coefficients is known. Depending on symmetry, and in particular the loss of the coupler, allowed ranges of the phase angles are given. As an example, an optimized coupler for a coherent homodyne transmission system with optoelectric 90 degrees hybrid is investigated. The results show a strong tradeoff between the desired ideal behavior and the fabrication tolerances. >