Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choice of Female Groups by Male Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)

Even though females are usually more selective in choosing their mates, males are also capable of exercising mate choice. Despite the large body of evidence on the individual features preferred in sexual selection, little attention has been devoted to the first stage of male–female interaction. As poeciliid fish are known to be social, in the wild, initially mate choice may concern a preliminary selection among shoals. Only after this primary choice, males may subsequently direct their attention to a specific mate. We observed spontaneous preference of male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) when choosing between groups differing in size and sex ratio. In partial agreement with our predictions, males preferred to join a group of females rather than an isolated one (expt 1) and the larger group when two female groups were presented (expt 2). An all-female group was preferred to a mixed-sex group (expt 3), whereas no preference was observed when the two mixed-sex groups differed in the number of males (expt 4) or in the size of the males (expt 5). These results suggest that male mosquitofish are capable of discriminating among different quantities of individuals within a group and use such information to select among groups in order to optimize the likelihood of successful matings.
Forecasting of purchasing quantity of Manalagi apple for apple juice drink production in PT XYZ Malang

Batu City is a city with abundant agricultural and fruit commodities, in particular apple. Apple juice drink is a fruit juice drink prepared from apples with the addition of sugar and citric acid. One producer of apple cider in Batu City is PT XYZ. The effectiveness of the production process in a company has strongly related to the needs of raw materials. The planning activity for raw material requirements can be applied if future sales projections have been obtained. In this case, forecasting demand needs to be done. This study aimed to forecast the quantity of purchasing Manalagi apple as the main raw material in apple juice drink production process. Historical data of Manalagi apple purchased from January 2016 to December 2018 was used. The forecasting study was carried out for the period of January to December 2019. From the time series plot, it was found that the data for purchasing raw materials for apples was seasonal. Then, the purchasing data of the Manalagi apple was transformed twice to fulfill stationary assumptions. The best Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model obtained was (1,1,0) (1,1,1)2 with the Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0106901. The model showed that the average of apple’s purchasing in 2019 was 9786.1 kg/month, with the highest and the lowest value 87950.2 kg (in June) and 249.3 kg (in January), respectively.
PfEMP1-DBL1α amino acid motifs in severe disease states of Plasmodium falciparum malaria

An infection with Plasmodium falciparum may lead to severe malaria as a result of excessive binding of infected erythrocytes in the microvasculature. Vascular adhesion is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP1), which is encoded for by highly polymorphic members of the var-gene family. Here, we profile var gene transcription in fresh P. falciparum trophozoites from Ugandan children with malaria through var-specific DBL1α-PCR amplification and sequencing. A method for subsectioning region alignments into homology areas (MOTIFF) was developed to examine collected sequences. Specific PfEMP1-DBL1α amino acid motifs correlated with rosetting and severe malaria, with motif location corresponding to distinct regions of receptor interaction. The method is potentially applicable to other families of variant proteins and may be useful in identifying sequence-phenotype relationships. The results suggest that certain PfEMP1 sequences are predisposed to inducing severe malaria.
Towards Intention Recognition for Human-Interacting Agricultural Robots

—Robots sharing a common working space with humans and interacting with them to accomplish some task should not only optimise task efﬁciency, but also consider the safety and comfort of their human collaborators. This requires the recognition of human intentions in order for the robot to anticipate behaviour and act accordingly. In this paper we propose a robot behavioural controller that incorporates both human behaviour and environment information as the basis of reasoning over the appropriate responses. Applied to Human-Robot Interaction in an agricultural context, we demonstrate in a series of simulations how this proposed method leads to the production of appropriate robot behaviour in a range of interaction scenarios. This work lays the foundation for the wider consideration of contextual intention recognition for the generation of interactive robot behaviour.
The growth bars on tail feathers in the male Styan's Grasshopper Warbler may indicate quality

We propose that growth bar size may indicate the quality of individuals in Styan's Grasshopper Warblers Locustella pleskei. Positive correlations of an individual's standardized growth bar width between years showed that some individuals of both sexes were usually in better condition than others. The survival rate of males with wider growth bars was higher than that of other males. These survivors might have survived better because of a better body condition. We also examined the relationships between growth bar width and reproductive parameters (arrival date, pairing date and reproductive success). Males with wider growth bars arrived earlier, acquired a mate earlier and achieved higher total reproductive success by breeding twice. In females, growth bar width was correlated with reproductive parameters (arrival date, pairing date and total reproductive success), but not with survival. These results suggest that males with wider growth bars were of higher quality than those with narrower bars. The contrasting results for the two sexes may be explained by differences in their breeding tactics.
‘Better off, as judged by themselves’: do people support nudges as a method to change their own behavior?

In this study, we investigated how people evaluate behavioral interventions (BIs) that are targeted at themselves, aiming to promote their own health and wellbeing. We compared the impact on people's assessments of the acceptability of using BIs to change their own behavior of: the transparency of the BI (transparent or opaque); the designer of the BI (researchers, government policy-makers, advertisers); and three types of arguments regarding their efficacy (positive, positive + negative, negative). Our target BIs were actual interventions that have been used in a range of policy domains (diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, personal finances). We found that transparent BIs were considered more acceptable than opaque BIs. On average, all BIs were considered acceptable for changing participants’ own behavior, except for the opaque BI in the finance context; there was differential acceptability of BIs across contexts, with finance clearly least acceptable. However, the perceived effectiveness of the BIs was at least as influential a predictor of acceptability ratings as the ease of identification of the behavior change mechanism across the five contexts. Furthermore, effectiveness was partially mediated by desire to change, suggesting that people do think BIs make them better off, ‘as judged by themselves’.
Analysis of scientific production on organizational innovation

Abstract Studies in organizational innovation have shown rapid growth in the last two decades, so it is necessary to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of scientific production to know its current status and development in business activity. In this research, bibliometric analysis and mapping were performed on the publications indexed in the Scopus database between 1996 and 2015, obtaining relevant information on scientific production, contributions by region/country, institutions involved, topics and influential authors. A map of terms was generated that establishes research areas related to organizational systems, firm relations and organizational change, as well as a map of citations showing the disciplines of administration, dynamic capacities and organizational learning related to the subject of study and its main exponents. The findings of the study allow identifying areas of current interest and research potential in Organizational Innovation.
Proposal of the VIA Model for PBL activation with recognizing “Snapshot-like” intuitive sense of values

Entrepreneurship Education is getting popular at the universities in Japan. The university students learn various kind of business skills through lectures and PBL (Project Based Learning) on the entrepreneurship program. However, the business skills are not sufficient to complete the project work. Self-awareness is another important factor for PBL activation. In this paper, we propose “The VIA model” as self-awareness method by using personal values card sort. This method is based on The Priming Effect of cognitive psychology so that “Generation Z” students can recognize sense of values instantly and have strong intention to complete PBL.
Characterization of cultivable methanotrophs from paddy soils and rice roots

Abstract Characterization of methanotrophs isolated from paddy soils and rice (Oryza sativa) roots was investigated in the present study. The number of methanotrophs in root homogenates of the rice cultivar Mutsuhomare was 4.9 × 107 most-probable-number (MPN) g−1 dry roots, in Yumeakari it was 2.0 × 108 MPN g−1 dry roots and in Kirara it was 4.6 × 107 MPN g−1 dry roots. Although bacterial cells were observed infrequently on the surface and in the interiors of roots before incubation, a large number of colonies, measuring 0.5–5 mm in diameter, were observed on the sterilized roots after incubation on nitrate mineral agar plates under methane in air. In particular, a large number of colonies were observed at the emergence sites of lateral roots and root hairs. Strains MD5-1 and M1 were isolated from the roots of Mutsuhomare and strain R62 was isolated from the root homogenate of Yumeakari. All isolates were catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, Gram-negative, straight-rod-shaped and curved-rod-shaped bacteria, and formed exospores. The isolates were able to fix nitrogen and grew in the absence of copper. In addition, all were found to be positive for naphthalene-oxidizing activities (corresponding to soluble methane mono-oxygenase activities). Strains MD5-1, M1 and R62 were closely related to Methylosinus sporium. Methanotrophic strains W3-6, SD3-5 and 2-19, isolated previously from paddy field soils, were classified into Methylosinus (W3-6) and Methylocystis (SD3-5 and 2-19) type II methanotrophs. Isolates from the rice roots (MD5-1, R62 and M1) grew logarithmically when casamino acid was used as the nitrogen source; however, the growth of these strains was reduced on the nitrate medium. These strains preferred amino acids over inorganic nitrogen as a nitrogen source for growth.
Auxetic, Partially Auxetic, and Nonauxetic Behaviour in 2D Crystals of Hard Cyclic Tetramers

Poisson's ratios of 2D crystals of hard, cyclic tetramers, further referred to as tetramers, are investigated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The tetramers, very simple model molecules, which are composed of four identical hard disks of diameter σ with centers forming a square of side d, are studied in the isobaric–isothermal ensemble. It is found that, at the same thermodynamical parameters, but depending on the anisotropy parameter α=d/σ , the tetramers spontaneously form crystalline phases, representing each of the five Bravais lattices (BLs) which are possible in the 2D space. The following BLs are observed: 1) the oblique (monoclinic) one, 2) the rectangular (orthorhombic) one, 3) the centered rectangular (orthorhombic) one, 4) the hexagonal one, and 5) the square (tetragonal) one. Among them, structures showing auxetic, partially auxetic, and nonauxetic behaviour are found. This fact makes the tetramer an interesting example of a prototype “molecule,” which, depending on its shape, assembles materials of all possible behaviors regarding Poisson's ratio. It is worth noting that tetramers with α=1.7 form a strongly auxetic phase that, at the considered thermodynamic conditions, reaches Poisson's ratios varying in the range between −0.589(3) and −0.162(4).
The feeding habits of wolves in relation to large prey availability in northern Italy

We investigated wolf feeding habits in relation to the abundance of wild and domestic ungulates to test the hypothesis that large prey are preferred and that their abundance affects the use of other food categories and diet breadth. We determined diet composition by scat analysis from December 1987 to December 1992. The research was carried out in three study areas located in northern Italy and characterised by marked differences in wild and domestic ungulate abundance. In study area A (low wild and domestic ungulate availability) fruits, livestock, other vertebrates and wild ungulates made up the bulk of the diet (71% in volume). In area B (high availability of livestock) wolf diet was mainly based on sheep and wild boars (80% in volume). In study area C (high availability of wild ungulates) wild ungulates were the main food of wolves (90% in volume). Significant differences were found among study areas in the mean percentage volume of all food categories and in particular for wild ungulates, livestock, other vertebrates and fruits (p < 0.0001 in all cases). Diet breadth decreased in areas with high availability of large wild and domestic herbivores. The use of livestock species was lower where there was high abundance, richness and diversity of the wild ungulate guild. Selection for wild ungulate species was partially alfected by their abundance; however other factors as prey social behaviour, adaptability to the habitat (for introduced species), and body size could have an important role in species selection by wolves. In particular in area C wild boars were selected for, roc and red deers avoided. and fallow deers and mouflons used as available. Livestock species were used in relation to their abundance and accessibility, in particular sheep were selected for and cattle avoided: but if calves born in the pastures were considered as the only available cattle, they were selected for and sheep were used as available. Large and in particular wild herbivores were found to be of great importance for the wolf population maintenance in northern Italy, one of the most important recovery areas of Mediterranean wolves.
Identifying hotspots cities vulnerable to climate change in Pakistan under CMIP5 climate projections

In this study, an ensemble of statistically downscaled 14 multi‐global climate models for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios was employed to implement a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts over Pakistan in order to identify the future hotspots cities in terms of changes in temperature and precipitation. The analyses focused on the minimum, maximum and average temperature and precipitation in three time‐slices: 2006–2035, 2041–2070, and 2071–2,100. Average temperature is projected to increase by 2.6°C under RCP4.5 while 5.1°C under RCP8.5 by the end of this century with the north side of Pakistan (mainly over North Pakistan—NP, Monsoon Region—MR and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa—KP) presenting the highest changes in the temperatures. Wetter conditions are expected in the future over Pakistan, mainly over the MR. In general, air temperature and precipitation showed linear positive correlation over Pakistan in both RCP scenarios. Hotspot cities where extreme climate, that is, the hottest, dryer and wetter, exists were also identified. Hyderabad will likely become the hottest city of Pakistan by end century with the highest average temperature reaching 29.9°C under RCP4.5 and 32.0°C under RCP8.5 followed by Jacobabad, Bahawalnagar, and Bahawalpur. Most of the hottest cities are detected in areas on the southern side of Pakistan. On the other hand, the wettest cities, Murree, Balakot and Muzaffarabad, are located in the MR. Dry conditions are likely to be prevalent in Dalbandin followed by Khanpur and Jacobabad under both RCPs. The uncertainties of the projections were also evaluated. For precipitation, for example, there are a large number of outliers indicating the high variability/uncertainties of the projections. These uncertainties are clearer when the probability density functions are analysed for individual sub‐domains in Pakistan.
Quantification of Macrophage Viability and Inflammatory Response to Dental Bonding Resins

This study presented a well-characterized biocompatibility profile of dental bonding agents in a mouse macrophage in vitro model. The cellular response to four different formulations of dental bonding resins and the cell viability was determined. Materials were prepared by photopolymerization and the unreacted monomers were extracted in a buffered medium. Murine macrophages were incubated in the extract medium for 24 h. Cellular viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and Wst-1 assay, while flow cytometry was used to quantify the apoptotic response. As an indicator of inflammatory responses, real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to quantify elevated cytokine production. These responses were monitored by quantifying the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) produced by the cells. Murine macrophage cells exposed to the unfilled resin systems containing glycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Bis-GMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) had the most adverse response and cells exposed to the filled Bis-GMA and HEMA resin system were the most viable at photopolymerization times. Other resin systems displayed intermediate levels of viability when compared with the untreated control. The levels of IL-1β were significantly elevated in all samples.
Estimated Use of Intensive Care Beds Due to COVID-19 in Germany Over Time.

BACKGROUND There is concern in Germany that the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) beds may not be sufficient for the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to determine the maximum daily number of COVID-19 cases requiring intensive care from 11 April through 30 June 2020. METHODS We assumed three non-exponential scenarios for the development of the cumulative case numbers up to 30 June 2020 (linear, slow quadratic, and fast quadratic). We assumed that 3-10% of of patients would require intensive care, that 8 days would elapse from a positive test to the need for intensive care, and that intensive care would be necessary for 14 or 20 days. RESULTS Extrapolation of the maximum registered daily COVID-19 cases reveals a range of 4133 to 12 233 cases. Assuming that 3-10% of newly detected COVID-19 cases become intensive care patients and the average length of ICU stay is between 14 and 20 days, we arrive at a maximum daily number of ICU cases between 1989 (linear extrapolation, 3% ICU, 14 days in ICU) and 20 966 (fast quadratic extrapolation, 10% ICU, 20 days in ICU). CONCLUSION Our results give no rise for concern that triage of COVID-19 patients may become necessary in Germany. However, the occupancy of ICU beds should be managed centrally to ensure optimal use of bed capacity. If, contrary to expectations, an exponential increase in case numbers should occur after all, our results will become invalid.
Advertisement calls of Neotropical poison frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) of the genera Colostethus, Dendrobates and Epipedobates, with notes on dendrobatid call classification

The advertisement calls of the following Neotropical poison frog species (Dendrobatidae) are described: Colostethus brunneus, Dendrobates imitator yurimaguensis, D. leucomelas and two populations referable to Epipedobates boulengeri. Oscillograms, audiospectrograms and measurements of vocalizations are provided. Advertisement calls of C. brunneus are similar to possible related species, while D. leucomelas vocalizations deviate from suggested phylogenetic relatives. Advertisement calls of D. imitator yurimaguensis do not differ from those of D. i. imitator ; the validity of the former is doubted. Bioacoustics provide evidence that E. boulengeri could probably comprise a complex of at least two species. Five formerly suggested call types are re-defined using measurable characters. As far as possible, the 71 dendrobatid frog species for which advertisement calls have been described are allocated.
Protoperidinium Bergh (Dinoflagellata) in the southeastern Mexican Pacific Ocean: part I

Abstract Thecal morphology was studied, with an emphasis on sulcal plates, in 17 mainly tropical-boreal and tropical Protoperidinium species from the southeastern Mexican Pacific Ocean: P. brochii, P. claudicans, P. conicum, P. crassipes, P. depressum, P. divergens, P. elegans, P. excentricum, P. grande, P. latispinum, P. minutum, P. obtusum, P. oviforme, P. pentagonum, P. punctulatum, P. venustum and P. vulgare. These data were compared with those in published literature on the morphology of sulcal plates. Records of the species in the study region were compiled, and maps of global distribution for 11 are presented. The range of intraspecific variability in the morphology of sulcal plates still remains largely unknown, and accumulated relevant data need to be evaluated properly.
Times of power, knowledge and critique in the work of Foucault

While Michel Foucault is commonly considered as a thinker with a primary interest in space and spatiality, his use of temporal categories, tropes and metaphors has until recently been only partially reconstructed. Working through different phases of his writings and lectures, this paper argues that Foucault opened a complex and interesting – yet to be acknowledged – analytical perspective on historically dominant, but fundamentally contested forms of social time-regimes, which accounts especially for contingent ruptures, silent continuities and the power-structured contexts of their emergence. Elucidating conceptual tools designed towards the analysis of rationalities and practises of temporal government and approaching social time regimes along the axes of power, knowledge and subjectivity, the aim of this paper is twofold: on the one side, it tries to further contribute to a ‘temporal turn’ in Foucault studies; on the other, it attempts to develop a Foucauldian vocabulary of temporal analysis as an alternative or supplement to established approaches in the field of critical social time studies.