Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Translation Policies: From Fixed to Adaptive

Adaptive policies are better than fixed policies for simultaneous translation, since they can flexibly balance the tradeoff between translation quality and latency based on the current context information. But previous methods on obtaining adaptive policies either rely on complicated training process, or underperform simple fixed policies. We design an algorithm to achieve adaptive policies via a simple heuristic composition of a set of fixed policies. Experiments on Chinese -> English and German -> English show that our adaptive policies can outperform fixed ones by up to 4 BLEU points for the same latency, and more surprisingly, it even surpasses the BLEU score of full-sentence translation in the greedy mode (and very close to beam mode), but with much lower latency.
Estimating Full Lipschitz Constants of Deep Neural Networks

We estimate the Lipschitz constants of the gradient of a deep neural network and the network itself with respect to the full set of parameters. We first develop estimates for a deep feed-forward densely connected network and then, in a more general framework, for all neural networks that can be represented as solutions of controlled ordinary differential equations, where time appears as continuous depth. These estimates can be used to set the step size of stochastic gradient descent methods, which is illustrated for one example method.
Communication Complexity of the Secret Key Agreement in Algorithmic Information Theory

It is known that the mutual information, in the sense of Kolmogorov complexity, of any pair of strings x and y is equal to the length of the longest shared secret key that two parties can establish via a probabilistic protocol with interaction on a public channel, assuming that the parties hold as their inputs x and y respectively. We determine the worst-case communication complexity of this problem for the setting where the parties can use private sources of random bits. We show that for some x, y the communication complexity of the secret key agreement does not decrease even if the parties have to agree on a secret key whose size is much smaller than the mutual information between x and y. On the other hand, we discuss examples of x, y such that the communication complexity of the protocol declines gradually with the size of the derived secret key. The proof of the main result uses spectral properties of appropriate graphs and the expander mixing lemma, as well as information theoretic techniques.
Communication-Efficient Edge AI Inference Over Wireless Networks

Given the fast growth of intelligent devices, it is expected that a large number of high-stake artificial intelligence (AI) applications, e.g., drones, autonomous cars, tactile robots, will be deployed at the edge of wireless networks in the near future. As such, the intelligent communication networks will be designed to leverage advanced wireless techniques and edge computing technologies to support AI-enabled applications at various end devices with limited communication, computation, hardware and energy resources. In this article, we shall present the principles of efficient deployment of model inference at network edge to provide low-latency and energy-efficient AI services. This includes the wireless distributed computing framework for low-latency device distributed model inference as well as the wireless cooperative transmission strategy for energy-efficient edge cooperative model inference. The communication efficiency of edge inference systems is further improved by building up a smart radio propagation environment via intelligent reflecting surface.
Evaluating the Rainbow DQN Agent in Hanabi with Unseen Partners

Hanabi is a cooperative game that challenges exist-ing AI techniques due to its focus on modeling the mental states ofother players to interpret and predict their behavior. While thereare agents that can achieve near-perfect scores in the game byagreeing on some shared strategy, comparatively little progresshas been made in ad-hoc cooperation settings, where partnersand strategies are not known in advance. In this paper, we showthat agents trained through self-play using the popular RainbowDQN architecture fail to cooperate well with simple rule-basedagents that were not seen during training and, conversely, whenthese agents are trained to play with any individual rule-basedagent, or even a mix of these agents, they fail to achieve goodself-play scores.
Finding Macro-Actions with Disentangled Effects for Efficient Planning with the Goal-Count Heuristic

The difficulty of classical planning increases exponentially with search-tree depth. Heuristic search can make planning more efficient, but good heuristics often require domain-specific assumptions and may not generalize to new problems. Rather than treating the planning problem as fixed and carefully designing a heuristic to match it, we instead construct macro-actions that support efficient planning with the simple and general-purpose "goal-count" heuristic. Our approach searches for macro-actions that modify only a small number of state variables (we call this measure "entanglement"). We show experimentally that reducing entanglement exponentially decreases planning time with the goal-count heuristic. Our method discovers macro-actions with disentangled effects that dramatically improve planning efficiency for 15-puzzle and Rubik's cube, reliably solving each domain without prior knowledge, and solving Rubik's cube with orders of magnitude less data than competing approaches.
Wave-particle-duality relations based on entropic bounds for which-way information

We present wave-particle-duality relations involving the relative entropy coherence measure, which plays a prominent role in the resource theory of coherence. The main input in these relations is an entropic bound for the which-way information, which we derive in this paper. We show that this latter crucially depends on the choice of the measurement strategy to obtain the path information. In particular, we present results for two strategies: zero-error identification of the path-detector states, which never produces an error but sometimes fails to return a conclusive answer, and a mixed strategy, where both errors and failure are allowed.
The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample: I. Definition and the catalogue

Abstract The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) has observed the entire southern sky (Declination, $\delta< 30^{\circ}$ ) at low radio frequencies, over the range 72–231MHz. These observations constitute the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey, and we use the extragalactic catalogue (EGC) (Galactic latitude, $|b| >10^{\circ}$ ) to define the GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample. This is a complete sample of the ‘brightest’ radio sources ( $S_{\textrm{151\,MHz}}>4\,\text{Jy}$ ), the majority of which are active galactic nuclei with powerful radio jets. Crucially, low-frequency observations allow the selection of such sources in an orientation-independent way (i.e. minimising the bias caused by Doppler boosting, inherent in high-frequency surveys). We then use higher-resolution radio images, and information at other wavelengths, to morphologically classify the brightest components in GLEAM. We also conduct cross-checks against the literature and perform internal matching, in order to improve sample completeness (which is estimated to be $>95.5$ %). This results in a catalogue of 1863 sources, making the G4Jy Sample over 10 times larger than that of the revised Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3CRR; $S_{\textrm{178\,MHz}}>10.9\,\text{Jy}$ ). Of these G4Jy sources, 78 are resolved by the MWA (Phase-I) synthesised beam ( $\sim2$ arcmin at 200MHz), and we label 67% of the sample as ‘single’, 26% as ‘double’, 4% as ‘triple’, and 3% as having ‘complex’ morphology at $\sim1\,\text{GHz}$ (45 arcsec resolution). We characterise the spectral behaviour of these objects in the radio and find that the median spectral index is $\alpha=-0.740 \pm 0.012$ between 151 and 843MHz, and $\alpha=-0.786 \pm 0.006$ between 151MHz and 1400MHz (assuming a power-law description, $S_{\nu} \propto \nu^{\alpha}$ ), compared to $\alpha=-0.829 \pm 0.006$ within the GLEAM band. Alongside this, our value-added catalogue provides mid-infrared source associations (subject to 6” resolution at 3.4 $\mu$ m) for the radio emission, as identified through visual inspection and thorough checks against the literature. As such, the G4Jy Sample can be used as a reliable training set for cross-identification via machine-learning algorithms. We also estimate the angular size of the sources, based on their associated components at $\sim1\,\text{GHz}$ , and perform a flux density comparison for 67 G4Jy sources that overlap with 3CRR. Analysis of multi-wavelength data, and spectral curvature between 72MHz and 20GHz, will be presented in subsequent papers, and details for accessing all G4Jy overlays are provided at https://github.com/svw26/G4Jy.
Cosmological gravity on all scales: Simple equations, required conditions, and a framework for modified gravity

This paper studies model independent modified gravity in cosmological settings. Using higher order equations from the post Friedmann approach to derive a single set of ``simple 1PF'' (first post Friedmann) equations, the author looks at both traditional limits of cosmological gravity, the large scales where relativistic perturbation theory works and at smaller nonlinear scales that are the domain of Newtonian gravity. Criteria are provided for deciding which modified gravity theories are amenable to the proposed approach and a rigorous underpinning to phenomenological N-body simulations is provided, with a view to utilizing all data gleaned from future surveys.
Testing Modified Gravity theory (MOG) with Type Ia Supernovae, Cosmic Chronometers and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

We analyse the MOdified Gravity (MOG) theory, proposed by Moffat, in a cosmological context. We use data from Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Cosmic Chronometers (CC) to test MOG predictions. For this, we perform χ2 tests considering fixed values of H0 and VG, the self-interaction potential of one of the scalar fields in the theory. Our results show that the MOG theory is in agreement with all data sets for some particular values of H0 and VG, being the BAO data set the most powerful tool to test MOG predictions, due to its constraining power.
Molecular genetics of yeast :a practical approach

1: Procedures for isolating yeast DNA for different purposes. 2: Construction of cloning and expression vectors. 3: Cosmid cloning of yeast DNA. 4: The construction and use of cDNA libraries for genetic selections. 5: Pulsed field gel electrophoresis. 6: Plasmid shuffling and mutant isolation. 7: Ty insertional mutagenesis. 8: High efficiency transformation with lithium acetate. 9: Measurement of transcription. 10: Measurement of mRNA stability. 11: Production of foreign proteins at high level. 12: Cell-free translation of natural and synthetic mRNAs. 13: Virus-like particles: Ty retrotransposons. 14: The K1 killer toxin: molecular and genetic applications to secretion and cell surface assembly. 15: Immuno-electron microscopy. 16: Industrial Saccharomyces yeasts
Investigating helix-helix interactions in the transmembrane domains of membrane proteins

Helix-helix interactions between membrane-spanning transmembrane (TM) domains have been shown to drive the assembly of α-helical membrane proteins within biological membranes. However, the rules that determine these interactions are not yet fully understood, despite such interactions being found in an increasing number of proteins. Recent work has implicated TM domain interactions in the formation of the protein complex Ii-MHC, formed from the association of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC) and the MHC-associated-Invariant Chain (Ii) proteins. Following biosynthesis, three MHC α/βheterodimers bind to the Ii homotrimer to form a nonameric Ii-MHC complex within the endoplasmic reticulum. This is a critical step in the export of MHC molecules to the antigen presentation system and hence the activation of an immune response to a pathogen. In this study we have explored the TM domain interactions within the Ii-MHC complex. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed the TM domains of the α- and β-chains of MHC have a propensity to self-associate into homo-dimers and to associate with one another to form hetero-dimers. Highly conserved GxxxG motifs (known to drive dimerization) were implicated in these interactions. The TM domain of Ii was confirmed to self-associate to form trimers by in vivo and in vitro methods, but surprisingly also displayed additional oligomeric states suggesting the interaction is not as specific as was previously thought. Furthermore, we show that in vivo, the TM domain of Ii can associate with those of the α- and β-chains of MHC, whilst in vitro methods suggested Ii preferentially binds to α-chains. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that the TM domains of Ii and MHC have a role to play in the assembly of the Ii-MHC complex, and hence the very important process of antigen presentation. Additionally, in this study we have undertaken development of NMR spectroscopy methods that have the potential to increase our understanding of not only the Ii-MHC complex, but protein-protein interactions in general.
Developing A Competency System for Counseling Children: A Delphi Study

ABSTRACT This mixed method study addresses the dearth of competencies required for child counseling. A framework is introduced from which to base a child counseling competency system. A mixed methods classical Delphi study was employed to engage a panel of 37 child counseling experts about child counseling competencies. Initial items for a comprehensive child counseling competency system were highlighted. The study resulted in 57 items that encompass child counseling competencies in the core domains of child counseling attitudes, knowledge, skills, and actions. Participants ranked items for a final list of most important competencies in child counseling including the following: (attitudes) meet children where they are; viewing the child holistically with congruence, empathy and nonjudgment; passion for children; child counseling is a separate and distinct process from that applied to counseling adults; (knowledge) laws and ethical standards pertaining to children; multicultural and social justice concepts relating to children; (skills) evidence-based treatments; developing comprehensive treatment plans; (actions) self-reflection; and advocating for children’s rights and health. These competencies are arranged in a figure that shows both the final list of competencies and those deemed most important. Discussion includes how competencies can inform future counselor training and licensure.
Negative strand viruses and the host cell.

Aug ust/September 1978, xxiv + 848pp. , £22.50/$46.50 0.12. 465350.2 Based on a meeting held at Cambridge in August 1977, this book provides a comprehensive account by contributors from all over the world of the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular biology of negative strand viruses. In the three years since the publication of Negative Strand Viruses (Academic Press, 1975) the understanding of the biology of this type of virus has increased enormously. In particular, the close relationships between negative strand virus replication and normal cell processes have become more apparent, and have increased our understanding of several aspects of cell function.
Replication data for: Dishonesty and Selection into Public Service: Evidence from India

Students who cheat on a simple laboratory task are more likely to prefer public sector jobs in India. We show that cheating on this task predicts corrupt behavior by bureaucrats, implying that it is a meaningful predictor of future corruption. Students who demonstrate pro-social preferences are less likely to prefer government jobs, while outcomes on an explicit game and attitudinal measures to measure corruption do not systematically predict job preferences. A screening process that chooses high ability applicants would not alter the average propensity for corruption. Our findings imply that differential selection into government may contribute, in part, to corruption. for their excellent coordination of the field activities, and extend a special thank you to Manaswini Rao, who provided invaluable insights into the field logistics. We thank Jonathan Holmes for superb research assistance. This paper has benefited from comments from or conversations with Santosh Anagol,
BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn GENOTYPES

The present investigation reports the details biochemical characterization of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) genotypes. The grain samples of selected thirteen tartary buckwheat varieties/genotypes were evaluated using standard biochemical methods. Values for moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrates, total soluble protein, methionine, tryptophan and in vitro protein digestibility evaluated in the grains of tartary buckwheat genotypes showed the range of variation from 10.3-11.5%, 1.9-2.5%, 1.8-2.3%, 7.1-7.9%, 63.867. 4%, 9.8-11.3 %, 76.0-93.5 mg/g N, 68.2-78.0 mg/g N and 70.7-74.7 %, respectively. Overall superior multipurpose genotypes were identified as Sangla-B-106 followed by Shimla-B-1, Sangla-B-118 and Sangla-B-1 in tartary buckwheat grains based on desirable quality attributes in descending order.
In Vitro Screening of Fungicidal Chemicals for Antifungal Activity against Saprolegnia

Saprolegnia is an important fish fungal pathogen that often results in significant economic losses to freshwater aquaculture. To find effective drugs to control saprolegniasis, 30 fungicidal chemicals used in agriculture were screened, in which kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.0 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, showed good in vitro antifungal activities against Saprolegnia. Azoxystrobin has the most promising anti-Saprolegnia activity with 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.212 mg/L against mycelial growth and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 0.13 mg/L against spores, while EC50 and MFC values to kresoxim-methyl are 0.240 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Through the acute toxicity assay using goldfish, Carassius auratus, azoxystrobin exhibited wider margin of safety with a safe concentration (SC) value of 0.553 mg/L than kresoxim-methyl with an SC value of 0.131 mg/L. These findings demonstrated that azoxystrobin has the potential for the development of therapy for the control of Saprolegnia in aquaculture. Both kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin were tested with a post-antifungal effects (PAFE) assay and the results revealed that the two chemicals had no significant effect on fungal growth inhibition after a 1-hour exposure, indicating that the treatment needs to be carried out over an extended period.
Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series N°20-10

We develop a new method that detects jumps nonparametrically in ﬁnancial time series and signiﬁcantly outperforms the current benchmark on simulated data. We use a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network that is trained on labelled data generated by a process that experiences both jumps and volatility bursts. As a result, the network learns how to disentangle the two. Then it is applied to out-of-sample simulated data and delivers results that considerably differ from the benchmark: we obtain fewer spurious detection and identify a larger number of true jumps. When applied to real data, our approach for jump screening allows to extract a more precise signal about future volatility.
Gender differences in CEOs performance, CEOs appointment, and CEOs risk-taking behaviors

This paper aims to estimate gender differences in 1) Firm performance, according to the influences of gender changes (F2M & M2F) within CEOs’ succession situations (Routine and Non-routine succession). In non-routine succession situations, this paper finds a significant positive influence of M2F (female replaces male CEO) succession on firm performance, especially on ROA, compared to a negative influence of F2M succession. Besides, the insignificant result of gender differences in non-routine successions indicates that the worse performance might be due to the former CEOs’ sudden departures instead of female CEOs’ low-capability. 2) CEOs’ appointment decisions based on gender diversity of the boards, and it exhibits that a higher proportion of female directors will increase the likelihood of female CEOs; especially when more females are nominating members on the boards. 3) Risk-taking behaviors, according to CEOs’ reactions to equity-based (restricted stocks & options) compensation, and It is reasonable to believe that female CEOs are prone to take M&A activities to pursue short-term benefits, and male CEOs have a higher risk-bearing in chasing long-term benefits.
Pengaruh Persepsi Kegunaan dan Kemudahan Penggunaan Pada Minat Penggunaan Quick Response Code dalam Transaksi Keuangan

This research was conducted on students of the Accounting Department of FEB, Udayana University, 2015 -2018 who are still active. A sample of 294 students. The sampling technique is incidental sampling. The aim is to determine the effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on the interest of FEB Accounting Students at Udayana University in using the QR Code in financial transactions. The results of the study can be seen that there is a direct influence between the perceived ease of use on the perception of usability and also there is a direct influence between the perceived ease of use in interest in use. In this study also obtained results that there is no direct influence between perceived usefulness in interest in use and there is no influence between perceptions of ease of use in interest in use through the perception of usability as a mediator. Keywords : Perception of usability, Perception of ease of use, interest in use, QR Code.
Celebrity Endorser and Consumer Buying Intention in Kelantan

This study was carried out in order to investigate the factors associated to celebrity endorser that influence consumers buying intention in Kelantan. The study measures three attributes as an independent variable consisting of trustworthiness, attractiveness and expertise. The objectives of this study is to determine the relationships between all these independent variables and consumers buying intention based on past literature reviews. For this purpose of the study, sets of questionnaire were distributed through online surveys. Consumers in Kelantan was selected to be the population for this study. This research used a nonprobability and convenience sampling technique. Hypothesis were tested using regression analysis by using SPSS version 22. Based on the result from hypothesis ran by SPSS 22, only one independent variable was found to be significant which is attractiveness and the other two were found to be not significant. The possible reason why there is only one independent variable that is significant and accepted due to lack of literature review about the small scope and public expectation. The researcher should carry out more literature review as there may be other significant influenced through celebrity endorser in consumer buying intentions.
The Occurrence of Legionella Bacteria in Cooling Towers in South Africa

A total of 510 service water samples from cooling towers throughout South Africa were analysed for the presence of Legionella bacteria. Legionella was detected using an immuno-labelling technique based on the most probable number principle. Only cultural (viable) bacteria were counted. Legionellae were found in most of the samples tested. However, in only 4% of the samples a high level of legionellae was recorded. No correlation was found between the numbers of legionellae and those of standard plate counts. Biocide treatment was shown to be effective in the removal of the bacteria from cooling towers after a 3-month treatment period.