Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of quiet-Sun chromospheric activity related to an emerging small-scale magnetic loop

Aims. We investigate the temporal evolution of magnetic flux emergence in the quiet-Sun atmosphere close to disk center. Methods. We combined high-resolution SoHO/MDI magnetograms with TRACE observations taken in the 1216 A channel to analyze the temporal evolution of an emerging small-scale magnetic loop and its traces in the chromosphere. Results. We find signatures of flux emergence very close to the edge of a supergranular network boundary located at disk center. The new emerging flux appeared first in the MDI magnetograms in form of an asymmetric bipolar element, i.e., the patch with negative polarity is roughly twice as weak as the corresponding patch with opposite polarity. The average values of magnetic flux and magnetic flux densities reached 1.6 × 10 18 Mx, −8.5 × 10 17 Mx, and 55 Mx cm −2 , –30 Mx cm −2 , respectively. The spatial distance between the opposite polarity patches of the emerged feature increased from about 2. 5t o 5. 0 during the lifetime of the loop, which was 36 min. A more precise lifetime-estimate of the feature was not possible because of a gap in the temporal sequence of the MDI magnetograms. The chromospheric response to the emerged magnetic dipole occurred ∼9 min later than in the photospheric magnetograms. It consisted of a quasi-periodic sequence of time-localized brightenings visible in the 1216 A TRACE channel for ∼14 min that were co-spatial with the axis connecting the two patches of opposite magnetic polarity. Conclusions. We identify the observed event as a small-scale magnetic loop emerging at photospheric layers that subsequently rose to the chromosphere. We discuss the possibility that the fluctuations detected in the chromospheric emission probably reflect magneticfield oscillations which propagate to the chromosphere in the form of waves.
Fast multifrequency focal beam analysis for 3D seismic acquisition geometry

A method for the efficient computation of multifrequency focal beams for 3D seismic acquisition geometry analysis has been developed. By computing them for all the frequency components of seismic data, single-frequency focal beams can be extended to multifrequency focal beams. However, this straightforward method involves considerable computer time and memory requirements, especially in complex media settings. Therefore, we propose a rapid 3D multifrequency focal beam method in which only a few single-frequency focal beam computations are followed by a number of smart interpolations. The 3D wavefield extrapolation in the focal beam analysis is conducted by the combined applications of a 3D degenerate Fourier migrator and a 3D Born-Kirchhoff interpolation operator, a process that reduces the computational cost for complex media. The multifrequency focal beam analysis is applied to a 3D model from an oil field of China, demonstrating how spatial sampling differences affect seismic imaging.
Phylogeographic Characterization of Genetic Variation in the Biological Control Agent Milfoil Weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) throughout North America

Abstract This research addresses three primary goals: (1) to ascertain the genetic diversity of natural populations of Euhrychiopsis lecontei, a biological control agent currently used for the management of the invasive aquatic weed, Eurasian watermilfoil; (2) to determine the presence of any potential cryptic species of E. lecontei; and (3) to examine the phylogeography of E. lecontei to determine whether geographic patterns are identifiable in the genetic diversity. Sequence data from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were determined for E. lecontei from 35 populations throughout their native range in North America. A maximum likelihood tree indicates all haplotypes of E. lecontei form a monophyletic group. Based on branch lengths, the tree indicates there are two major subgroupings of haplotypes. This tree structure is further supported by the haplotype network, the SAMOVA results, and the geographic barrier to gene flow which clearly demonstrates genetic and geographic structuring within the species. Multiple lines of evidence support the hypothesis all individuals sampled from a broad geographic region throughout E. lecontei's range represent a single species. No cryptic species were discovered in this study, although distinct geographic and genetic structuring was revealed, likely due to current geographic isolation of the sampled waterbodies, as well as the locations of historical glacial refugia.
Analysis of the Economic Viability in the Implementation of the Chemical Waste Management System in Teaching and Research Laboratories

The prudent management of hazardous materials, from their procurement to their proper disposal, is a critical element of a departmental laboratory safety program. However, it is known that the management of chemical residues involves a high cost and few studies are carried out aiming at assisting in the implementation of this system of management mainly about educational and research institutions. This work therefore presents the economic feasibility analysis in the implementation of the chemical waste management system in laboratories of a Brazilian University. The data were obtained through a questionnaire applied to the technicians of the laboratories generating chemical residues, these being, teaching, research and clinics of the university. The economic-financial analysis has shown that the internal treatment of waste with the construction of a laboratory in the university is an unfeasible project. However, the project is feasible using the already existing structure, such as the chemistry laboratory in the idle periods. In this way, waste treatment on the university campus is feasible, in relation to the costs involved with outsourcing. However, it is necessary to ensure that the chemical standards for sewage disposal, as stipulated by the responsible bodies, are achieved.
Human capital and new product development performance efficiency - the mediating role of organisational learning capability

Intellectual framework of today's organisations is full of pointing out of the information and participation of expert and innovative workforce instead of operational workforce. In this space, improving performance and sustaining competitive advantage are fundamental concerns for managers. Innovation and organisational learning are the best important bases for improving performance and obtaining competitive advantage. Therefore, this research wants to investigate and model the relationship between human capital (HC) and new product development performance (NPDP) efficiency with regard to the mediating role of organisational learning capability (OLC). The automobile industry in Iran is elected as a statistical society. In this study, results are obtained by structural equations and path model. Also for better description of results, we use other deducible statistic such as binomial test and one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results of this study bode that human capital can improve NPDP efficiency by organisational learning capability. Also the provided model in this research is supported by data.
Quantum witness of a damped qubit with generalized measurements

We evaluate the quantum witness based on the no-signaling-in-time condition of a damped two-level system for nonselective generalized measurements of varying strength. We explicitly compute its dependence on the measurement strength for a generic example. We find a vanishing derivative for weak measurements and an infinite derivative in the limit of projective measurements. The quantum witness is hence mostly insensitive to the strength of the measurement in the weak measurement regime and displays a singular, extremely sensitive dependence for strong measurements. We finally relate this behavior to that of the measurement disturbance defined in terms of the fidelity between pre-measurement and post-measurement states.
Overcooled haloes at z ≥ 10: a route to form low-mass first stars

It has been shown by Shchekinov & Vasiliev2006 (SV06) that HD molecules can be an important cooling agent in high redshift z >10 haloes if they undergo mergers under specific conditions so suitable shocks are created. Here we build upon Prieto et al. (2012) who studied in detail the merger-generated shocks, and show that the conditions for HD cooling can be studied by combining these results with a suite of dark-matter only simulations. We have performed a number of dark matter only simulations from cosmological initial conditions inside boxes with sizes from 1 to 4 Mpc. We look for haloes with at least two progenitors of which at least one has mass M > M_cr (z), where M_cr (z) is the SV06 critical mass for HD over-cooling. We find that the fraction of over-cooled haloes with mass between M_cr (z) and 10^{0.2} M_cr (z), roughly below the atomic cooling limit, can be as high as ~ 0.6 at z ~ 10 depending on the merger mass ratio. This fraction decreases at higher redshift reaching a value ~0.2 at z ~ 15. For higher masses, i.e. above 10^{0.2} M_cr (z) up to 10^{0.6} M_cr (z), above the atomic cooling limit, this fraction rises to values ~ 0.8 until z ~ 12.5. As a consequence, a non negligible fraction of high redshift z > 10 mini-haloes can drop their gas temperature to the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature limit allowing the formation of low mass stars in primordial environments.
The XMM-Newton view of stellar coronae: X-ray spectroscopy of the corona of AB Doradus

M. A. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 2100-049343 and 2000-058827), from the Swiss Academy of Sciences, and from the Swiss Commission for Space Research. H. M. , K. B, and J. P. acknowledge financial support from PPARC. A. M. and R. P. acknowledge support from the Italian Space Agency. SRON is supported financially by NWO.
Molecular Consequences of Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer

10 INTRODUCTION 12 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 13 1. Breast cancer 13 2. Basic aspects of cancer genetics 14 2.1 Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes 14 2.2 Gene amplification in cancer 15 2.3 Epigenetic changes in cancer 16 3. ERBB2 oncogene in breast cancer 16 3.1 ERBB family of receptors 16 3.2 Clinical relevance of the ERBB2 oncogene in breast cancer 19 3.2.1 ERBB2 as a prognostic and predictive factor 19 3.2.2 ERBB2 as a target for therapy 20 4. Principles of DNA microarray technology 21 4.1 Expression analysis 22 4.2 Copy number analysis 23 5. Microarray applications in cancer research 25 5.1 Expression profiling 25 5.2 High resolution copy number analysis 28 AIMS OF THE STUDY 30 MATERIALS AND METHODS 31 1. Cell lines (I, III, IV) 31 2. Clinical tumor samples (II, IV) 31 3. Growth inhibition assay (III) 32 4. cDNA microarrays (I, II, IV) 32 4.1 Composition of cDNA microarrays 32 4.2 Gene copy number and expression analyses 33 4.3 Data analysis 35
Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in contrasting agroecosystems using long-term field experiments

Morel, C. , Ziadi, N. , Messiga, A. , Bélanger, G. , Denoroy, P., Jeangros, B. , Jouany, C. , Fardeau, J. C. , Mollier, A. , Parent, L. E. , Proix, N. , Rabeharisoa, L. and Sinaj, S. 2014. Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in contrasting agroecosystems using long-term field experiments. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 377-387. Long-term field experiments on phosphorus (P) fertilization were originally designed to study crop needs in different soil types by analyzing the effects of several rates of P fertilization on yields, their P concentrations and dynamics of plant-available soil P. The objective of this study was to test a computer-based model to simulate the P dynamics at the field scale using plant database and analyzing for plant-available P by a hierarchical process-based approach. It predicts both the concentration (CP) of phosphate ions (Pi) in soil solution and the associated Pi amounts that in time equilibrate with Pi in solution. Five experiments, representative of contrasting soil types, land-use, and climates were selected. Our model equilibrates the change in plant-available P in the upper soil layer to the P budget between annual P inputs and outputs. Rates of P fertilization affected simulations following the same expected pattern across sites. Field-observed and simulated values are in good agreements in all sites. The field-observed variations of CP per unit of P budget ranged from 0.007 to 2.49 (µg P L-1) (kg P ha-1)-1. The predictions are of the same order of magnitude. Predictions were compared with empirical long-term data and mismatches were discussed. This investigation highlights the scientific interest of long-term field P experiments to test and validate models describing P dynamics at the scale of the agricultural fields under different agricultural management practices.
Compact UWB microstrip antenna with quadruple band-notched characteristics for short distance wireless tele-communication applications

In this paper, the design and simulation of a compact ultra-wide band (UWB) microstrip antenna with quadruple band-notched characteristics for short-distance wireless telecommunication applications were explored. The design process of the antenna is carried on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, thickness of 0. 8mm and the size of the proposed antenna are 30×20 mm. The rectangular monopole antenna endures a rectangular radiating patch with chamfered bevel slots on the top side, and a defective ground planed on the bottom side of the substrate. To realize single, dual, triple and quadruple band notch characteristics, slot-1 is created on the patch to achieve first notch at 3.5 GHz, which eliminates WIMAX signal, slot-2 is created on the patch to achieve second notch at 4.6 GHz, which eliminates INSAT signal, slot-3 is created on the patch to achieve third notch at 5.5 GHz, which eliminates WLAN signal and also fourth notch is created at 9.5GHz which eliminates X-band frequency with slot-1 outer length. The proposed antenna is well miniaturized and can be easily integrated with any compact devices. The simulated result shows that proposed antenna gain a good range of UWB from (2.6 GHz to 13.4 GHz).
STUDY OF COMPOST QUALITY FROM RURAL SOLID WASTES (BABOL, IRAN)

Background and purpose: In spite of many studies on composting from municipal solid wastes, rural solid wastes have not been studied. A high percentages of rural solid wastes containing domestic, animal and agricultural solid waste is biodegradable. The objective of this research was to study the chemical and microbial quality of compost produced by mixed rural solid wastes and other composts. Materials and methods: In this study, food wastes mixed with animal and agricultural wastes with a weight ratio of 2, 5 and 2 (with a final mixed weighting 150 kg) were studied. For investigation of chemical quality of these materials, some indexes such as carbon/ nitrogen ratio, percentage of carbon, phosphorus, potassium, lead, cadmium and zinc were measured. Microbial quality of these compost materials were defined by assessing the amounts of coliforms and parasite ova. Results: The average amounts of some indices in mixed, household and animal composts were: C/N (14 ± 1.5; 20 ± 1.7; 17 ± 1.8), percentages of organic material (73 ± 3.9; 64 ± 3.8; 76 ± 2.5), carbon (32 ± 2.2; 40 ± 2.4; 37 ± 4.5), nitrogen (2.5 ± 0.5; 1.5 ± 0.6; 1.9 ± 0.3) and lead in mg/Kg (3.5 ± 0.7; 16 ± 2.9; 11 ± 1.9), cadmium (0.3 ± 0.05; 3 ± 0.9; 1.5 ± 0.4), respectively. The number of total fecal coliforms in compost produced by mixed solid materials was 643 ± 176; 131 ± 52 respectively in 10 g of solid materials and the number of parasite ova was less than 2 in 4 g solid materials. The compost quality of mixed materials was in agreement with class A of USEPA guidelines hence, usable for flower and plant culturing. Conclusion: Composting may be considered a method to manage the rural solid waste problem.
Continued-1 206 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BANK PROFITABILITY : EVIDENCE FROM THE U .

This paper examines the effect of corporate governance on bank profitability using a panel of U.S. banks over the period 1990-2009. We measure corporate governance usingthe G-index developed by Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003), and the E-index developed by Bebchuk, Cohen, and Ferrell (2009). We specify a dynamic model that allows for persistence in bank profitability, and estimate the model using the system GMM estimator. Overall, we find no evidence that corporate governance is related to bank profitability.In contrast, we find strong evidence that operation efficiency and credit risk affectbank profitability.
An examination of urban heat island characteristics in a global climate model

A parameterization for urban surfaces has been incorporated into the Community Land Model as part of the Community Climate System Model. The parameterization allows global simulation of the urban environment, in particular the temperature of cities and thus the urban heat island. Here, the results from climate simulations for the AR4 A2 emissions scenario are presented. Present‐day annual mean urban air temperatures are up to 4 °C warmer than surrounding rural areas. Averaged over all urban areas resolved in the model, the heat island is 1.1 °C, which is 46% of the simulated mid‐century warming over global land due to greenhouse gases. Heat islands are generally largest at night as evidenced by a larger urban warming in minimum than maximum temperature, resulting in a smaller diurnal temperature range compared to rural areas. Spatial and seasonal variability in the heat island is caused by urban to rural contrasts in energy balance and the different responses of these surfaces to the seasonal cycle of climate. Under simulation constraints of no urban growth and identical urban/rural atmospheric forcing, the urban to rural contrast decreases slightly by the end of the century. This is primarily a different response of rural and urban areas to increased long‐wave radiation from a warmer atmosphere. The larger storage capacity of urban areas buffers the increase in long‐wave radiation such that urban night‐time temperatures warm less than rural. Space heating and air conditioning processes add about 0.01 W m−2 of heat distributed globally, which results in a small increase in the heat island. The significant differences between urban and rural surfaces demonstrated here imply that climate models need to account for urban surfaces to more realistically evaluate the impact of climate change on people in the environment where they live. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Delay-Dependent Stability Analysis for Uncertain Switched Time-Delay Systems Using Average Dwell Time

We are concerned with the stability problem for linear discrete-time switched systems with time delays. The problem is solved by using multiple Lyapunov functions to develop constructive tools for the exponential stability analysis of the switched time-delay system. Furthermore, the uncertainties of the switched systems are also taken into consideration. Sufficient delay-dependent conditions are derived in terms of the average dwell time for the exponential stability based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Unbiased Estimation of the Average Treatment Effect in Cluster-Randomized Experiments

Abstract Many estimators of the average treatment effect, including the difference-in-means, may be biased when clusters of units are allocated to treatment. This bias remains even when the number of units within each cluster grows asymptotically large. In this paper, we propose simple, unbiased, location-invariant, and covariate-adjusted estimators of the average treatment effect in experiments with random allocation of clusters, along with associated variance estimators. We then analyze a cluster-randomized field experiment on voter mobilization in the US, demonstrating that the proposed estimators have precision that is comparable, if not superior, to that of existing, biased estimators of the average treatment effect.
Dark Trading and Price Discovery

Regulators globally are concerned that dark trading harms price discovery. We show that dark trades are less informed than lit trades. High levels of dark trading increase adverse selection risk on the lit exchange by increasing the concentration of informed traders. Using both high- and low-frequency measures of informational efficiency we find that low levels of non-block dark trading are benign or even beneficial for informational efficiency, but high levels are harmful. In contrast, we find no evidence that block trades in the dark impede price discovery.
Credit Risk Analysis Using Machine and Deep Learning Models

Due to the hyper technology associated to Big Data, data availability and computing power, most banks or lending financial institutions are renewing their business models. Credit risk predictions, monitoring, model reliability and effective loan processing are key to decision making and transparency. In this work, we build binary classifiers based on machine and deep learning models on real data in predicting loan default probability. The top 10 important features from these models are selected and then used in the modelling process to test the stability of binary classifiers by comparing performance on separate data. We observe that tree-based models are more stable than models based on multilayer artificial neural networks. This opens several questions relative to the intensive used of deep learning systems in the enterprises.
Applying formal methods to an embedded real-time avionics system

The authors present an application of formal development methodology to an actual real-time embedded system. The formal methods used are based on Modechart a graphical state specification language for real-time systems, whose formal semantic definition provides the basis for analysis. The specifications may be automatically simulated, or verified with respect to user-provided safety, liveness, and timing assertions. The application is of non-toy size and functionality, and features many state-of-the-practice design properties, such as parallel priority-based synchronizing processes with preemption. <<ETX>>
polyphenolics and of polyphenol-protein complexes in the same system will allow development of structure-activity relationships for radical scavenging and cytokine stimulating activities noted for polymeric polyphenols. Identifying polymeric polyphenols that effectively scavenge radicals without sti

POLYMERIC POLYPHENOLS AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS By Akeysha A. Perkins Polyphenols are natural antioxidants found in foods such as berries, tea, and wine. Although polyphenols have been studied extensively in chemical systems, less is known about their activity in biological systems. I am especially interested in polymeric polyphenols, which have a high capacity for radical scavenging and may thus be good inhibitors of the inflammatory cascade. To test the hypothesis, a rabbit monocyte cell system was used. A superoxide burst was monitored using cytochrome c reduction or chemiluminescence. TNF-alpha production was assessed with an ELISA. It was found that a typical polymeric polyphenol, pentagalloyl glucose, was both a superoxide scavenger and a stimulator of TNF-alpha production. Studies of other polyphenolics and of polyphenol-protein complexes in the same system will allow development of structure-activity relationships for radical scavenging and cytokine stimulating activities noted for polymeric polyphenols. Identifying polymeric polyphenols that effectively scavenge radicals without stimulating cytokine production is essential to using polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents. POLYMERIC POLYPHENOLS AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry By Akeysha A. Perkins Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2007 Advisor _______________________ Dr. Ann Hagerman Reader ________________________ Dr. John Hawes Reader _________________________ Dr. Michael Crowder Reader _________________________ Dr. Richard Taylor