Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV/AIDS post‐exposure prophylaxis knowledge and uptake among health professionals in Africa: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Healthcare workers in developing countries are at particularly increased risk of infections from blood‐borne pathogens because of the high prevalence of such pathogens in their communities as well as the lack of basic personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns and goggles. For those exposed healthcare workers, the immediate administration of antiretroviral drugs following exposure to potentially infected blood or other bodily fluids is essential in order to minimize the risk of acquiring HIV infection. This review is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa.
Improving the Understanding of BIM Concepts Through a Flipped Learning Lab Environment: A Work in Progress

This works-in-progress study explores the instructional design of a BIM software skills lab that uses problem solving in a flipped classroom instructional environment to enhance student learning of BIM concepts. The labs encourage student problem solving in an innovation we call vignettes: problems of limited range and scope that reduces ambiguity and reveals likely solution paths. By focusing student attention to certain aspects of the solution, the duality of abstraction and application of BIM concepts is made easier to learn. The study’s initial findings suggest that the use of vignettes shows consistently modest improvement in students’ understanding and transfer of BIM concepts. The study also shows where BIM instructional design can use the notions of clarifying BIM concepts, emphasizing formative assessment, and directed attention to provide benefits to student learning.
Iron-Induced Respiration Promotes Antibiotic Resistance in Actinomycete Bacteria

A widely investigated mode of antibiotic resistance occurs via mutations and/or by horizontal acquisition of resistance genes. In addition to this acquired resistance, most bacteria exhibit intrinsic resistance as an inducible and adaptive response to different classes of antibiotics. ABSTRACT The bacterial response to antibiotics eliciting resistance is one of the key challenges in global health. Despite many attempts to understand intrinsic antibiotic resistance, many of the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we found that iron supplementation promoted antibiotic resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor. Iron-promoted resistance occurred specifically against bactericidal antibiotics, irrespective of the primary target of antibiotics. Transcriptome profiling revealed that some genes in the central metabolism and respiration were upregulated under iron-replete conditions. Iron supported the growth of S. coelicolor even under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of potassium cyanide, which reduces aerobic respiration of cells, iron still promoted respiration and antibiotic resistance. This suggests the involvement of a KCN-insensitive type of respiration in the iron effect. This phenomenon was also observed in another actinobacterium, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Taken together, these findings provide insight into a bacterial resistance strategy that mitigates the activity of bactericidal antibiotics whose efficacy accompanies oxidative damage by switching the respiration mode. IMPORTANCE A widely investigated mode of antibiotic resistance occurs via mutations and/or by horizontal acquisition of resistance genes. In addition to this acquired resistance, most bacteria exhibit intrinsic resistance as an inducible and adaptive response to different classes of antibiotics. Increasing attention has been paid recently to intrinsic resistance mechanisms because this may provide novel therapeutic targets that help rejuvenate the efficacy of the current antibiotic regimen. In this study, we demonstrate that iron promotes the intrinsic resistance of aerobic actinomycetes Streptomyces coelicolor and Mycobacterium smegmatis against bactericidal antibiotics. A surprising role of iron to increase respiration, especially in a mode of using less oxygen, appears a fitting strategy to cope with bactericidal antibiotics known to kill bacteria through oxidative damage. This provides new insights into developing antimicrobial treatments based on the availability of iron and oxygen.
Sexual Minority Men’s Perspectives and Experiences of Adolescent Pregnancy Risk and Pregnancy Prevention Behaviors

ABSTRACT Sexual minority men (e.g., gay, bisexual, queer) are more likely than heterosexual men to be involved in an adolescent pregnancy, but little research has been done on the context surrounding this disparity. To address this gap, and as part of the larger Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Pregnancy Experiences (SLOPE) Study, semi-structured interviews and descriptive surveys were conducted with 10 cisgender sexual minority men, ages 29–49, from across the United States. Interview transcripts were analyzed using immersion/crystallization and template organizing style methods, and themes were organized into a conceptual model describing sexual minority men’s debut sexual activity and decision-making experiences during adolescence. This model depicts three themes: 1) partnership and negotiation of sexual experiences, 2) psychological processes related to development, pregnancy, and sexuality, and 3) cultural and environmental contexts. These three themes are contextualized by a throughline of transformative life events (i.e., the existence and chronology of life-impacting events). Findings indicate a complex interplay of psychological (e.g., developmental processes surrounding sexuality and sexual orientation), social (e.g., personal relationships), and policy-level factors (e.g., sex education) influence sexual minority men’s sexuality and pregnancy prevention decision-making during adolescence. Care should be taken to consider and include sexual minority men in pregnancy prevention messaging and education.
Patient Experience and Satisfaction in Online Reviews of Obstetric Care: Observational Study

Background The quality of care in labor and delivery is traditionally measured through the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems but less is known about the experiences of care reported by patients and caregivers on online sites that are more easily accessed by the public. Objective The aim of this study was to generate insight into the labor and delivery experience using hospital reviews on Yelp. Methods We identified all Yelp reviews of US hospitals posted online from May 2005 to March 2017. We used a machine learning tool, latent Dirichlet allocation, to identify 100 topics or themes within these reviews and used Pearson r to identify statistically significant correlations between topics and high (5-star) and low (1-star) ratings. Results A total of 1569 hospitals listed in the American Hospital Association directory had at least one Yelp posting, contributing a total of 41,095 Yelp reviews. Among those hospitals, 919 (59%) had at least one Yelp rating for labor and delivery services (median of 9 reviews), contributing a total of 6523 labor and delivery reviews. Reviews concentrated among 5-star (n=2643, 41%) and 1-star reviews (n=1934, 30%). Themes strongly associated with favorable ratings included the following: top-notch care (r=0.45, P<.001), describing staff as comforting (r=0.52, P<.001), the delivery experience (r=0.46, P<.001), modern and clean facilities (r=0.44, P<.001), and hospital food (r=0.38, P<.001). Themes strongly correlated with 1-star labor and delivery reviews included complaints to management (r=0.30, P<.001), a lack of agency among patients (r=0.47, P<.001), and issues with discharging from the hospital (r=0.32, P<.001). Conclusions Online review content about labor and delivery can provide meaningful information about patient satisfaction and experiences. Narratives from these reviews that are not otherwise captured in traditional surveys can direct efforts to improve the experience of obstetrical care.
The Space Between Research and Practice: A Critical Evaluation of Computer-Based Lighting Metrics

The Space Between Research and Practice: A Critical Evaluation of Computer-Based Lighting Metrics Nicole L. Peterson Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Mehlika Inanici, Associate Professor Department of Architecture This thesis identifies and explores computer-based lighting metrics, assessing their effectiveness in evaluating the quality and quantity of daylight to bridge the space between research and practice. Ultimately, this thesis will demonstrate why using singular metrics is not as effective as using several, complementary metrics in expressing the luminous environment. There are many challenges in practice and researchrespectively, time or capabilities of a design team and lack of transparency or unrealistic metric criteria. Moreover, each metricilluminance and luminance, point-in-time and annualaddresses different luminous qualities. It is critical to understand the nuances, as the results and corresponding design recommendations are highly dependent on the metrics used, and each metric carries technical inadequacies and limitations. Aiming to study these challenges and critique the current landscape of computational lighting design, the objectives of this thesis are to: 1) Evaluate computational lighting metrics for their ability to provide an understanding of the luminous environment, and 2) Investigate the capabilities, assumptions, and methods used in computational lighting metrics as they are developed in the research community and used in practice. These objectives are examined with exploratory vignettes. The vignettes elucidate each metric’s strengths, limitations, and assumptions in a clearer, holistic way so that consultants within the field will be more knowledgeable. The outcome is a compendium of information and guidelines to help designers make informed decisions as they relate to selecting appropriate daylight metrics.
Measuring Satisfaction with Transit and Car Trips with Use of One Logistic Regression Model

The aim of this research was to identify and quantify the elements that influenced the trip satisfaction of people traveling by public transport, private car, or both. The data used in this research came from a revealed preference survey designed for global use and conducted in 2014, with most responses coming from Lisbon, Portugal, and Thessaloniki, Greece. These data include sociodemographic characteristics, public transport preferences, and trip characteristics obtained from trip diaries. A generalized logistic regression model was developed to assess the average trip satisfaction for all transit alternatives and the private car. In this model, satisfaction was expressed as a probability of satisfaction in 100 Bernoulli trials, and a final satisfaction rating was created. The results indicate that individual trip-specific attributes, such as crowdedness and traffic, are more important than network characteristics and performance. Attributes fixed for a specific trip, such as access time and parking costs, or having small variability, such as waiting time for the subway, are found to be completely insignificant with relation to satisfaction. The results also suggest that attributes affecting service reliability and comfort are the ones users value higher with respect to satisfaction. A conclusion one might draw from the results is that the characteristics of a transit system or road network do not affect trip satisfaction. These elements could play a more important role in the mode choice process, but the attributes that may vary from trip to trip are the ones that seem to affect trip satisfaction.
Attention‐control training as an early intervention for veterans leaving the military: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Abstract Transitioning out of the military can be a time of change and challenge. Research indicates that altered threat monitoring in military populations may contribute to the development of psychopathology in veterans, and interventions that adjust threat monitoring in personnel leaving the military may be beneficial. Australian Defence Force personnel (N = 59) transitioning from the military were randomized to receive four weekly sessions of either attention‐control training or a placebo attention training. The primary outcome was symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) at posttreatment. Following training, participants who received attention‐control training reported significantly lower levels of PTSD symptoms, Hedges’ g = 0.86, 95% CI [0.37, 1.36], p = . 004, and significantly improved work and social functioning, Hedges’ g = 0.93, 95% CI [0.46, 1.39], p = . 001, relative to those in the placebo condition. Moreover, no participants who received attention‐control training worsened with regard to PTSD symptoms, whereas 23.8% of those who received the placebo attention training experienced an increase in PTSD symptoms. The preliminary findings from this pilot study add to a small body of evidence supporting attention‐control training as a viable indicated early intervention approach for PTSD that is worthy of further research.
Aligning technologies and interorganizational networks in implementations: The case of a new health screening program

V RESUMO . VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IX CONTENTS . XI LIST OF TABLES . XV LIST OF FIGURES . XVII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS . XIX 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 MOTIVATION AND OVERVIEW . 1 1.2 BACKGROUND AND KEY CONCEPTS . 4 Implementations of technologies . 4 1.2.1 Implementations as sequences of alignments . 11 1.2.2 Implementations and networks . 13 1.2.3 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY . 15 1.4 THESIS OUTLINE . 18 2 ALIGNING TECHNOLOGIES AND NETWORKS IN IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW . 21 ABSTRACT . 21 2.1 INTRODUCTION . 22 2.2 METHOD . 24 Review protocol . 25 2.2.1 Search strategy . 25 2.2.2 Selection of papers for review . 26 2.2.3 Data analysis . 27 2.2.4 Synthesis of findings . 28 2.2. 5 2.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REVIEWED STUDIES . 28 2.4 FINDINGS . 33 Alignment process at the adoption decision stage . 35 2.4. 1 Alignment process at the implementation stage . 36 2.4. 2 Impact on performance and outcome of the process . 44 2.4. 3
Adapting a conceptual framework to engage diverse stakeholders in genomic/precision medicine research

Genomic/precision medicine offers a remarkable opportunity to improve health and address health disparities. Genomic medicine is the study of genes and their interaction with health. Precision medicine is an approach to disease prevention and treatment that considers individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle. Conclusions from studies lacking diversity may hinder generalizability as genomic variation occurs within and between populations. Historical factors, such as medical mistrust, ethical issues related to decision making, and data sharing pose complex challenges that may further widen inequities in genomic/precision medicine if not appropriately addressed. Although few biomedical studies integrate priorities of community partners into their conceptual framework, effective implementation of genomic/precision medicine research calls for the involvement of diverse stakeholders to expand traditional unidirectional models of engagement in clinical research towards authentic bidirectional collaboration.
Transdermal estrogen therapy in menopausal women at increased risk for thrombotic events: a scoping review

Abstract Importance and Objective: It is estimated that over 45% of women in the United States are menopausal. Many of these women suffer from vasomotor symptoms of menopause, for which the gold standard treatment is menopause hormone therapy (MHT). However, MHT use has been controversial since the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study in 2001. Transdermal MHT has been shown to be effective for treatment of vasomotor symptoms and does not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) when used in healthy postmenopausal women. However, there is little data on its safety in women at increased risk for VTE such as women with prior VTE, increased body mass index, thrombophilia, tobacco use, autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory disorders, recent surgery, trauma, or immobilization. This scoping review of the literature provides clinicians with an overview of the evidence on the risk profile of transdermal MHT use in these postmenopausal women at increased risk of VTE. Methods: We searched all published studies from 2000 to 2020 and included 13 primary articles on transdermal MHT use in postmenopausal women at increased risk of VTE. Discussion and Conclusion: In women with prior VTE, two studies found a decrease in coagulability and no increased risk of recurrent VTE with transdermal MHT use. In women with increased body mass index, three studies found no increased VTE risk in transdermal MHT users. In women with prothrombotic genetic polymorphisms, three studies found minimal to no increased VTE risk in transdermal MHT users. In women with various proinflammatory comorbidities, five studies found an improved thrombotic profile and no increased VTE risk with transdermal MHT use. This scoping review provides data regarding the safety of transdermal MHT use in postmenopausal women with risk factors for VTE, and clinicians should have risk versus benefit discussions with each patient regarding its use.
Multiple Profile Models Extract Features from Protein Sequence Data and Resolve Functional Diversity of Very Different Protein Families

Abstract Functional classification of proteins from sequences alone has become a critical bottleneck in understanding the myriad of protein sequences that accumulate in our databases. The great diversity of homologous sequences hides, in many cases, a variety of functional activities that cannot be anticipated. Their identification appears critical for a fundamental understanding of the evolution of living organisms and for biotechnological applications. ProfileView is a sequence-based computational method, designed to functionally classify sets of homologous sequences. It relies on two main ideas: the use of multiple profile models whose construction explores evolutionary information in available databases, and a novel definition of a representation space in which to analyze sequences with multiple profile models combined together. ProfileView classifies protein families by enriching known functional groups with new sequences and discovering new groups and subgroups. We validate ProfileView on seven classes of widespread proteins involved in the interaction with nucleic acids, amino acids and small molecules, and in a large variety of functions and enzymatic reactions. ProfileView agrees with the large set of functional data collected for these proteins from the literature regarding the organization into functional subgroups and residues that characterize the functions. In addition, ProfileView resolves undefined functional classifications and extracts the molecular determinants underlying protein functional diversity, showing its potential to select sequences towards accurate experimental design and discovery of novel biological functions. On protein families with complex domain architecture, ProfileView functional classification reconciles domain combinations, unlike phylogenetic reconstruction. ProfileView proves to outperform the functional classification approach PANTHER, the two k-mer-based methods CUPP and eCAMI and a neural network approach based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines. It overcomes time complexity limitations of the latter.
Blood-retina barrier dysfunction in experimental autoimmune uveitis: the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), an animal model of human uveitis, is characterized by infiltration of autoimmune T cells in the uvea as well as in the retina of susceptible animals. EAU is induced by the immunization of uveitogenic antigens, including either retinal soluble-antigen or interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding proteins, in Lewis rats. The pathogenesis of EAU in rats involves the proliferation of autoimmune T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, primarily in the uvea and retina, finally inducing visual dysfunction. In this review, we describe recent EAU studies to facilitate the design of a therapeutic strategy through the interruption of uveitogenic factors during the course of EAU, which will be helpful for controlling human uveitis.
PEMANFAATAN WEB USAGE MINING PADA E-COMMERCE UNTUK PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN PADA RETAILER ONLINE

Seiring dengan makin cepatnya akses menggunakan internet, baik menggunakan komputer atau perangkat smartphone, berdampak pada pertumbuhan perdagangan online yang meningkat secara drastis. Banyak situs ecommerce yang bermunculan sehingga menimbulkan kompetisi yang dinamis diantara mereka untuk dapat menarik konsumen sebanyak-banyaknya. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan penggunaan web usage mining untuk membantu perusahaan dalam meningkatkan penjualan. Metode Web Usage Mining yang akan diimpementasi ke dalam sistem ecommerce dapat memberikan sebuah solusi baru untuk menganalisa suatu transaksi yang terjadi dalam toko online maupun pangsa pasar suatu produk berdasarkan pembelian konsumen, kunjungan pada web, yang disimpulkan menjadi data yang dapat digali untuk menunjang penganaliasaan penjualan agar bisa menjadi alat bantu para owner/pemilik perusahaan sebagai fitur analisa perkembangan alur distribusi perdagangan pada perusahaannya. Dalam hasil uji coba metode ini, secara garis besar dapat dijadikan sebagai estimasi dalam penyetokan barang, estimasi waktu kunjungan, barang yang popular dilihat, barang yang laris di pasaran, barang terlaris per area, hasil optimasi keyword dari masing-masing barang sehingga dapat membantu teknik SEO (Search Engine Optimition) untuk pencarian tertinggi di search engine, semua melewati proses web usage mining sehingga dapat membantu melihat pangsa pasar barang ataupun tren barang yang terjadi pada sistem penjualan online. Kata Kunci : Web Usage Mining, Penjualan Online, E-commerce
Object recognition in X-ray testing using an efficient search algorithm in multiple views

—In order to reduce the security risk of a commercial aircraft, passengers are not allowed to take certain items in their carry-on baggage. For this reason, human operators are trained to detect prohibited items using a manually controlled baggage screening process. In this paper, we propose the use of an automated method based on multiple X-ray views to recognize certain regular objects with highly deﬁned shapes and sizes. The method consists of two steps: ‘monocular analysis’, to obtain possible detections in each view of a sequence, and ‘multiple view analysis’, to recognize the objects of interest using matchings in all views. The search for matching candidates is efﬁciently performed using a lookup table that is computed off-line. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental results on recognizing regular objects –clips, springs and razor blades– in pen cases are shown achieving high precision and recall ( Pr = 95.7% , Re = 92.5%) for 120 objects. We believe that it would be possible to design an automated aid in a target detection task using the proposed algorithm.