Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Compounds in Three Edible Lentinus Mushrooms

The generation of free radicals is a major issue in the development of carcinogenesis-induced mutations and tumor promotion. Bioactive compounds which are able to scavenge free radicals and provide protections against cancers caused by them are called antioxidants. We aimed to show that bioactive compounds from mushrooms will be valuable for health promotion. Catechin is a major group of phenolic compounds found in 3 species of mushroom, Lentinus squarrosulus , Lentinus polychrous and Lentinus edodes , especially in L. squarrosulus by LC-MS. The percentage of inhibition of free radical scavenging activity by DPPH assay was higher than 70 % in ethanolic extract of L. squarrosulus and L. polychrous , while in L. edodes it was lower as 30 %. Using FRAP to investigate the micromolar trolox equivalent of L. squarrosulus also showed it to be higher than the other 2 species. The highest amount of total phenolic compound was displayed in L. squarrosulus extract , which corresponds with the DPPH and FRAP assays. An anticancer protein, polysaccharide peptide (PSP), was also detected at a level of approximately 70 kDa via western immunoblotting. The amounts of PSP from protein extracts of L. squarrosulus , L. polychrous and L. edodes were 9.87 ± 0.03, 0.41 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.04 mg/g protein, respectively, by using ELISA method. The cell viability of human colorectal adenocarcinoma, HT-29, diminished significantly in the treatment group with protein extract from L. squarrosulus. This L. squarrosulus extract may be an effective natural product for clinical trials in patients, because these edible mushrooms are nontoxic and are also a consumable food for human health. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2015. 80
First report of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on wheat in Quebec, Canada

Stripe rust, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the world’s most important diseases of wheat. In Canada, stripe rust is found mainly in the western provinces (British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan) and, more recently, in the provinces of Manitoba and Ontario. Here, we report the first detection of stripe rust on wheat in the province of Quebec, Canada. Leaves showing yellowish sporulation arranged in narrow stripes were found in wheat performance trials at the research station of Universite Laval, in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. Morphological identification was confirmed by several PCR assays targeting specific genomic sequences and a rDNA gene segment (ITS2/28S).
The Development of Differentiating Method between Fresh and Frozen Beef by Using the Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

The object of this study is to develop the method for differentiating fresh meat from frozen meat by using the measurement of the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in the Korean native cattle. The principle of this experiment is based on the fact that the enzyme proteins associated with mitochondrial membrane could be released by freezing. The methods of differentiating fresh meat from thawed, frozen meat were studied by measurements of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity of meat press juice. Fresh and frozen beef were stored at 4, -4, -18 and -77 for 15-day storage period. A meat press machine using air pressure was manufactured especially for these experiments, and sufficient amount of drip (about 0.15 mL/g) from 1.5 g of beef sample was efficiently obtained under a pressure of 8 kg/ generated by the meat pressing machine. The mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activities of frozen meat drip i년ices stored at -18 and -77 were significantly higher than those of fresh and frozen meat samples at -4 (p ) disappeared after 5 minutes of the reaction, which was not observed from the fresh and -4 frozen meats. The enzyme activity maintained until 12 minutes for the fresh and -4 frozen meats. From these results, the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase could be considered as an indicator to differentiate fresh beef from frozen one.
A Web Application for Audience Participation in Live Music Performance: The Open Symphony Use Case

This paper presents a web-based application enabling audiences to collaboratively contribute to the creative process during live music performances. The system aims at enhancing audience engagement and creating new forms of live music experiences. Interaction between audience and performers is made possible through a client/server architecture enabling bidirectional communication of creative data. Audience members can vote for pre-determined musical attributes using a smartphone-friendly and crossplatform web application. The system gathers audience members’ votes and provide feedback through visualisations that can be tailored for specific needs. In order to support multiple performers and large audiences, automatic audience-to-performer groupings are handled by the application. The framework was applied to support live interactive musical improvisations where creative roles are shared amongst audience and performers (Open Symphony). Qualitative analyses of user surveys highlighted very positive feedback related to themes such as engagement and creativity and also identified further design challenges around audience sense of control and latency.
Adaptive Structuration Theory and The Role of Social Computing Sites in the Biafran Struggle.

4 Introduction. 4 Theoretical & Practical Implications . 7 Chapter Layout . 8 Methodology/ Design/Approach . 9 Findings . 10 Conceptual Clarification . 10 Social Computing Sites (SCSs) . 10 Self-determination Politics in Nigeria; the Biafra Struggle. 14 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework . 17 Social Computing sites and their Causal mechanisms . 18 Social computing sites and Socio-linguistic mechanisms . 20 Social Computing Sites and the Adaptive Structuration Theory . 26 Process of Adaptation . 28 Inputs (P1, P2 & P6) . 28 Factors influencing Social Interactions in Information Technologies (P5 & P3) . 29 Output: Outcomes and Emergent Structures (P4 & P7). 31 Self-determination Politics in the Adaptive Structuration Process . 32 Episodes of Usage . 38 NodeXL; . 38 Computational Approach . 39
Using Deep Learning Neural Networks To Find Best Performing Audience Segments

Finding the appropriate mobile audience for mobile advertising is always challenging since there are many data points that need to be considered and assimilated before a target segment can be created and used in ad serving by any ad server. Deep learning neural networks have been used in machine learning to use multiple processing layers to interpret large datasets with multiple dimensions to come up with a high-level characterization of the data. During a request for an advertisement and subsequently serving of the advertisement on the mobile device there are many trackers that are fired collecting a lot of data points. If the user likes the advertisement and clicks on it, another set of trackers give additional information resulting from the click. This information is aggregated by the ad server and shown in its reporting console. The same information can form the basis of machine learning by feeding this information to a deep learning neural network to come up with audiences that can be targeted based on the product that is advertised.
Risk Assessment of Viruses in Food: Opportunities and Challenges

Microbiological risk analysis originated in the 1980s, with the publication of a seminal paper on dose-response assessment by Haas (23). Building on this, the first studies concerned the safety of drinking water. Viruses were important target organisms in these first studies. Most early risk assessments focused on enteroviruses and rotaviruses, for which culture methods and dose-response information were available (19, 20, 24, 37). These studies demonstrated that risks of viral contamination can be analyzed by the risk assessment paradigm. Risk assessments in the domain of food safety have focused primarily on bacterial pathogens, for which routine culture methods are generally available; quantitative information on the occurrence of bacteria along the food chain has been produced at an increasing pace. Methods to quantify infectious viruses (and protozoa) in foods are generally more complex or not available at all. This implies that quantitative risk assessment for these organisms is hampered by limited data availability even more than are risk assessments of bacterial pathogens.
Study on parasitic helminths infecting three fish species from Koka reservoir, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three species of fish from Koka reservoir from November 2008 - April 2009 to determine the prevalence of helminth parasites and identify the most common genera infecting fish. A total of 315 fish comprising of 97 (30.8%) Barbus intermedius , 145 (46.0%) African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ), and 73 (23.2%) Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) were caught by gill nets of variable sizes and long line hook. All the sampled fish were examined externally and internally for the presence of helminth parasites. Of all fish examined, 209 (66.3%) were found to harbour either single or multiple species of helminth parasites. A significantly higher (P 0.05) between B. intermedius and O. niloticus. There was no significant (P>0.05) relationship between infections and size (body length) categories. The study demonstrated that Contracecum species from mesentery and pericardial cavity was most prevalent nematode (24.8%) in C. gariepinus followed by 16.5% in B. intermedius and 5.4% in O. niloticus . Gyrodactylus species was the only monogenean detected from the fins of B. intermedius . Clinostomum species from branchial and pericardial cavities was the dominant digenean with high prevalence in O. niloticus (27.4%). The highest prevalence (77.9%) of Diplostomum species was recorded in C. gariepinus from cranial cavity followed by unidentified cestodes (35.9%) detected from the mesentery and body cavity. Proteocephalus species was detected in 11.34% of B. intermedius from intestine and body cavity. This work revealed that helminth parasites are widespread in fish from Koka reservoir and C. gariepinus was particularly the most highly infected fish than B. intermedius and O. niloticus . The study cautions the development efforts when stocking of community aquaculture facilities and artificial reservoirs as part of the food security programme.
FcαRI (CD89) Alleles Determine the Proinflammatory Potential of Serum IgA1

The human IgA FcR (FcαRI; CD89) mediates a variety of immune system functions including degranulation, endocytosis, phagocytosis, cytokine synthesis, and cytokine release. We have identified a common, nonsynonymous, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of CD89 (844A→G) (rs16986050), which changes codon 248 from AGC (Ser248) to GGC (Gly248) in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor. The two different alleles demonstrate significantly different FcαRI-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization and degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells and cytokine production (IL-6 and TNF-α) in murine macrophage P388D1 cells. In the absence of FcR γ-chain association in P388D1 cells, the Ser248-FcαRI allele does not mediate cytokine production, but the Gly248-FcαRI allele retains the capacity to mediate a robust production of proinflammatory cytokine. This allele-dependent difference is also seen with FcαRI-mediated IL-6 cytokine release by human neutrophils ex vivo. These findings and the enrichment of the proinflammatory Gly248-FcαRI allele in systemic lupus erythematosus populations in two ethnic groups compared with their respective non-systemic lupus erythematosus controls suggest that FcαRI (CD89) α-chain alleles may affect receptor-mediated signaling and play an important role in the modulation of immune responses in inflammatory diseases.
The role of the innate immune system in the clearance of apoptotic cells

Rapid clearance of dying cells is a vital feature of apoptosis throughout development, tissue homeostasis and resolution of inflammation. The phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells is mediated by both professional and amateur phagocytes, armed with a series of pattern recognition receptors that participate in host defence and apoptotic cell clearance. CD14 is one such molecule. It is involved in apoptotic cell clearance (known to be immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory) and binding of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern, lipopolysaccharides (a pro-inflammatory event). Thus CD14 is involved in the assembly of two distinct ligand-dependent macrophage responses. This project sought to characterise the involvement of the innate immune system, particularly CD14, in the removal of apoptotic cells. The role of non-myeloid CD14 was also considered and the data suggests that the expression of CD14 by phagocytes may define their professional status as phagocytes. To assess if differential CD14 ligation causes the ligand-dependent divergence in macrophage responses, a series of CD14 point mutants were used to map the binding of apoptotic cells and lipopolysaccharides. Monoclonal antibodies, 61D3 and MEM18, known to interfere with ligand-binding and responses, were also mapped. Data suggests that residue 11 of CD14, is key for the binding of 61D3 (but not MEM18), LPS and apoptotic cells, indicating lipopolysaccharides and apoptotic cells bind to similar residues. Furthermore using an NF-kB reporter, results show lipopolysaccharides but not apoptotic cells stimulate NF-kB. Taken together these data suggests ligand-dependent CD14 responses occur via a mechanism that occurs downstream of CD14 ligation but upstream of NF-? B activation. Alternatively apoptotic cell ligation of CD14 may not result in any signalling event, possibly by exclusion of TLR-4, suggesting that engulfment receptors, (e.g. TIM-4, BAI1 and Stablin-2) are required to mediate the uptake of apoptotic cells and the associated anti-inflammatory response.
Female relationships and food availability in a forest community of chimpanzees

This thesis investigates the behavioural ecology of the Sonso community of chimpanzees, Budongo Forest, Uganda; with particular reference to the social relationships of females. Within both the genus Pan and different communities of P. troglodytes there is considerable variability in female social relationships. This study quantified both forest food availability and the behavioural patterns of chimpanzees over a 16 month period. Quantitative measures of food availability were made using a phenology trail including 26 species of known chimpanzee foods. The availability of fruit, leaves, buds and flowers was monitored. Food production was closely linked to rainfall and irradiance levels, revealing 4 distinct seasons. All phenological states were synchronised. The time of highest food production was in Marchi April, coinciding with the onset of the first annual wet season. The chimpanzees were observed to alter their behavioural patterns in response to changes in food availability. Party size, in particular the size of all-male and sexual parties, was positively correlated with measures of food availability, but the size of all-female parties did not increase during periods of high food availability. However, the number of females in mixed parties did increase, suggesting a preference for females to associate with males. In addition, the number of oestrous females in the community was positively correlated with measures of food availability. General Linear Models were used to show that food availability was the best predictor of both party size and the number of oestrous females. The chimpanzees' response to changes in food availability was evident also in their feeding behaviour and activity budgets. During times of resource scarcity the chimpanzees showed a flexible response: either they decreased time spent feeding and fed on lower quality food items, or they increased time spent moving to incorporate seeds and fruit in their diet. Several keystone foods were identified both from phenological data collection and feeding observations. Fruit was the major component of the diet but in contrast to other study communities. young leaves were
Effective pathfinding for four-wheeled robot based on combining Theta* and hybrid A* algorithms

Запропоновано алгоритм ефективної побудови шляху для чотириколісних роботів на основі поєднання алгоритмів Theta* і гібридного A*. Наведено і пояснено псевдокод для алгоритму . Реалізовано запропонований алгоритм і симулятор чотириколісного робота на мові програмування Java. Протестовано роботу алгоритму для U-подібних перешкод, складних карт і для вирішення задачі паркування
Species diversity and population dynamics of rodents in a farm‐fallow field mosaic system in Central Tanzania

A Capture-Mark-Recapture study was undertaken in Central Tanzania to compare variations in community structure and population dynamics of rodents in two types of habitats. The study was conducted in fallow field mosaic habitat dominated by perennial and annual grasses (grid BEA) and a more heterogeneous habitat (grid BEB) which was previously woodland cleared of most trees with vegetation dominated by shrubs, bushes, scattered trees and perennial grass. The relative abundance of rodents in BEA was: Mastomys natalensis (73.5%) > Aethomys chrysophilus (8.9%) > Gerbilliscus vicina (7.3%) > Arvicanthis neumanni (6.1%) > Acomys spinosissimus (4.1%) and for grid BEB: M. natalensis (67.6%) > G. vicina (11.2%) > A. neumanni (10.3%) > A. chrysophilus (7.6%) > A. spinosissimus (2.9%). Graphiurus sp. , Mus minutoides, Saccostomus mearnsi, Lemniscomys striatus and L. griselda were rare and only occasionally trapped in BEB. Spatial variations in population density were non-significant except for A. chrysophilus. Significant temporal variations within grids were observed, with synchrony of population peaks for some species. The rare species boosted species richness of grid BEB rather artificially, without significantly contributing to higher species diversity. Temporal variations in Simpson’s Diversity indices between grids were non-significant except for three out of twenty-one trapping sessions. Resume Une etude par capture – marquage – recapture fut entreprise dans le centre de la Tanzanie pour comparer les variations de la structure des communautes et de la dynamiques des populations de rongeurs dans deux types d’habitats. L’etude fut menee dans un habitat compose d’une mosaique de prairies en jacheres domine par des herbes perennes et annuelles (grille BEA) et dans un habitat plus heterogene (grille BEB) qui etait auparavant une foret, defrichee de la plupart de ses arbres et dominee par des buissons, des arbustes, des arbres epars et des herbes perennes. L’abondance relative des rongeurs dans BEA etait la suivante : Mastomys natalensis (73,5%) > Aethomys chrysophilus (8,9%) > Gerbilliscus vicina (7,3%) > Arvicanthis neumanni (6,1%) > Acomys spinosissimus (4,1%), et pour la grille BEB: M natalensis (67,6%) > G. vicina (11,2%) > A. neumanni (10,3%) > A. chrysophilus (7,6%) > A. spinosissimus (2,9%). Graphiurus sp. Mus minutoides, Saccostomus mearnsi, Lemniscomys striatus et L. griseldaetaient rares et n’etaient que rarement captures dans BEB. Les variations spatiales de la densite de population n’etaient pas significatives sauf pour A. chrysophilus. Des variations temporelles significatives furent observees a l’interieur des grilles, ainsi qu’une synchronisation des pics de population pour certaines especes. Les especes rares renforcaient de facon plutot artificielle la richesse en especes de la grille BEB, sans contribuer significativement a une plus grande diversite des especes. Des variations temporelles des indices de diversite de Simpson entre les grilles n’etaient pas significatives sauf pour trois des 21 sessions de captures.
Determinants of Cultural Diversity Training Effectiveness

This bachelor thesis is a literature review that aims to identify the factors that determine the effectiveness of cultural diversity training. The first chapter of this literature review is an introduction to diversity training and the importance of implementing it effectively in multicultural organizations. Moreover, the purpose and the general structure of this thesis are also explained in this chapter. The second chapter represents the theoretical framework on which the entire thesis is based on. In this section the relevant terminology for the understanding of the concept of cultural diversity training and its effectiveness is defined. The third chapter is a synthesis of the main empirical and non empirical researches regarding diversity training conducted in the past that represents the current state of the investigation from which is necessary to start for research progress. In the forth chapter the methodology used for the process of writing this literature review and the approach adopted are described. The fifth chapter shows the results of the studies considered for this review and outlines the findings that are particularly relevant for answering the research question of this literature review. The findings of this review, and therefore the factors that determine the effectiveness of cultural diversity training, are discussed in the sixth chapter of this thesis. Moreover, this section delineates the strengths and weaknesses of this review and gives other researchers recommendations for future investigation to promote a deeper understanding of the topic. Furthermore, the theoretical and practical implications of this research are also presented in this chapter. The seven and last chapter represents a conclusion of this literature review.
Changing phosphorus concentration and subsequent prophage induction alter composition of a freshwater viral assemblage

Summary 1. The effects of nutrients on the temporal variation in viral assemblage composition, and in particular the occurrence of temperate phages, were assessed in mesotrophic Lake Erken over 5 months of the ice-free period. The percentage of the bacterial community that contained inducible prophages (lysogenic bacteria, LB) changed over the season, being lowest in late spring and highest in early autumn. The most important variables for predicting LB were concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and temperature. 2. The viral assemblage composition, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), also changed over the season. Prophages were induced by incubations with mitomycin C and we show, for the first time for natural communities, that the resulting temperate phages could be detected using PFGE. 3. A substantial fraction (19%) of the number of detected operational taxonomic units (OTUs: defined as unique genome sizes) appeared unique to temperate phages and 41% of OTUs increased in relative abundance after treatment with mitomycin C. 4. Different viral OTUs were induced at different times during the season. The most important environmental factor covarying with viral assemblage composition over the period of study, as determined by multivariate analysis, was concentration of TP. In re-growth cultures with natural bacteria and lowered viral abundance (VA) (decreased virus to bacteria ratio), addition of PO4-P induced prophages and resulted in subsequent production of temperate phages, as indicated by a decreased percentage of LB and increased VA. Incubations of natural bacterial communities with mitomycin C (field data) or PO4-P (experiment) changed the viral assemblage composition at a similar rate as the observed monthly changes in the lake.