Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Genetic Basis for the Large-tailed Phenotypic Trait in Han Sheep Through Integrated mRNA and miRNA Analysis of Tail Fat Tissue Samples

Background: While evolution has led certain breeds of sheep to exhibit large tails composed of fatty tissue, the genetic basis for this fatty large-tailed phenotypic trait remains to be defined in breeds of Han sheep. Here, we employed a high-throughput sequencing approach to identify mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) that were differentially expressed in tail fat tissue samples from large-tailed Han (LTH) and small-tailed Han (STH) sheep in order to identify key genetic determinants of the large-tailed phenotype.Results: In total, we identified 521 mRNAs (237 upregulated, 284 downregulated) and 14 miRNAs (6 upregulated, 8 downregulated) that were differentially expressed between these two sheep breeds. Predictive analytical database tools were subsequently utilized to identify 2,409 putative targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), including 65 which were among the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the present study. By specifically focusing on predicted DEM/DEG pairs with appropriate regulatory directionality, we identified DIRF, HSD17B12, LPL, APOBR, INSIGI, THRSP, ACSL5, FAAH, ACSS2, APOA1, ACLY, and ACSM3 through mRNA analyses and ACSL4, FTO, FGF8, IGF2, GNPDA2, LIPG, PRKAA2, ELOVL7, SOAT2, and SIRT1 through miRNA analyses as candidate genes which may regulate fat deposition and fatty acid metabolism in the adipose tissue from the tails of Han sheep. Conclusion: Together, our data provide insight into the potential genetic basis for the large-tailed phenotype of LTH sheep, suggesting that it may be attributable to specific DEMs and DEGs that regulate one another and thereby control lipid metabolism. These data provide a basis for future research regarding the role of these genes in ovine tail fat deposition, and offer preliminary perspectives on the molecular mechanisms governing the fatty large-tailed phenotype in LTH sheep.
Effect of nitric acid pretreatment on the properties of activated carbon and supported palladium catalysts

The activated carbon was pretreated with different concentrations of HNO3 (from 0.5 to 67%). The amount and type of oxygen-containing groups on the activated carbon were determined with the adsorption neutralization method and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO and CO2; furthermore, the density of total acidity (DTA) has been proposed. The Pd particle size of Pd/C catalysts was measured by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), CO chemisorption, and TEM. The experimental results indicated that the amount of oxygen-containing groups and the total acidity on the activated carbons, the Pd particle size and catalytic activity of Pd/C catalysts are highly dependent upon the HNO3 concentration used in the pretreatment. The pretreatment of activated carbon with a low concentration of HNO3 can increase the structure parameters due to removal of the impurities, will be beneficial to create an appropriate DTA environment, and will further improve the Pd dispersion and the catalytic activity of Pd/C catalysts.
A novel hybrid augmented loss discriminator for text‐to‐image synthesis

For the text‐to‐image synthesis task, most discriminators in existing generative adversarial networks based methods tend to fall into a local suboptimal state too early in the training process, resulting in the poor quality of generated images. To address the above problems, a hybrid augmented loss discriminator is designed. In this designed discriminator, to reduce the sensitivity of the discriminator classification recognition, make it pay attention to the semantic and structural changes, we add the loss value of the fake sample to the loss value of the real sample. Moreover, to indirectly guide the generator to generate samples, the loss value of the real sample is added to the fake sample. The loss value mixed with real and fake samples actually augments signal transmission. It perturbs parameter update of the discriminator during optimization and prevents the discriminator from falling into the local suboptimal state prematurely. Whereafter, we apply the proposed discriminator to two kinds of text‐to‐image synthesis tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed method can help the baseline models to improve performance.
Land‐use change in subalpine grassland soils: Effect on particulate organic carbon fractions and aggregation

Abandonment of mountain grassland often changes vegetation composition and litter quantity and quality, but related effects on labile soil organic matter (SOM) are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of grassland management and abandonment on soil carbon distribution in light ( 1 to < 1 from meadow to abandoned grassland in aggregates at both sites and thus independent of climate. This suggests that in differently managed mountain grasslands free and occluded POM are functionally different SOM fractions. In bulk soil, the oPOM-C : fPOM-C ratio is better suited as an indicator for the response of SOM to management reduction in subalpine grasslands than the total soil C, absolute or relative POM-C content.
Street Children in Nepal: Causes and Health Status

Street children refer to the children who have not reached adulthood, for whom the street has become their habitual abode and/or a source of livelihood. The reasons for their connection to the street will vary from nation to nation, city to city, and from person to person. This research envisaged to explore the causes of being street children and assess their health status of two study areas, Kathmandu and Birjung, Nepal. The research followed descriptive, exploratory and applied 'QUAN-qual', quantitative dominant mixed methods. The two: semi-structured questionnaire with 150 participants for quantitative data and Key-in-depth interviews (KIIs) with 18 participants for qualitative data were employed in this research. The research areas were purposively selected as per the researcher's pre-observation and respondents on the basis of convenience sampling. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Statical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 20.0 and qualitative data were thematically analyzed using content analysis. The findings of the study depicted that the dominant causes to be street children are family-based causes. Economic, social, and other causes are second, third, and fourth respectively in the study area. Additionally, gender and alcohol consumed behavior was found significant where education level and age had no significance to determinants of the health status of street children. The overall implication of the study signifies that the attention has been shifted from treating the biological to encouraging street children to gain positive necessary health skills that are based on self-care and self-management behaviors including knowledge, beliefs, attitude, motivation, and behaviors.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF A HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF ALKYL SUCROSE ESTER MICELLE BY X-RAY SCATTERING

The micelle structure of a homologous series of the fatty acid sucrose monoester, C n SE (n=10, 12, 14, 16), was systematically studied by X-ray scattering technique. The contrast variation method was used by changing the concentration of sucrose in solutions, and the obtained scattering data were converted into the absolute intensities. The data were corrected for the intermicellar interference effect. The morphological parameters such as micelle volume ν 1 , average electron density ρ 1 , radius of gyration of micelle shape R v , second moment of the electron density distribution a, and square average of the electron density distribution (Δρ 1 ) 2 were determined from the data in the range of 0≤s≤0.074 A −1 , where s=2 sin θ/λ, 2θ is the scattering angle, and λ is the wavelength of X-ray
Characterization of Binary Surfactant Mixtures (Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Tween 60) in an Aqueous Medium

Abstract Micellar properties of the binary surfactant mixtures of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween‐60) have been investigated in detail using tensiometric, conductometric, spectrophotometric, and fluorimetric techniques. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), counterion binding, interfacial adsorption, energetics of micellization, and micellar dielectric constant have been evaluated. The theories of Clint, Motomura, Rubingh, and Sarmoria, Puvvada and Blankschtein have been followed to understand the CMC, composition, activity coefficients, and synergism of the binary surfactant systems.
Diffusion of low molecular weight substances into a fiber with skin‐core structure—rigorous solution of the diffusion in a coaxial cylinder of multiple components

The diffusion equation of low molecular weight substances (penetrant) into a coaxial cylinder of multiple components (m) was formulated in general and solved rigorously. As the simplest but a practical case of m = 2, which corresponds to the diffusion of penetrant into fibrous material with skin and core structure, the diffusion of penetrant was analyzed in detail. That is, changes in the penetrant concentration distribution within the coaxial dual cylinder of skin and core components and the total amount of penetrant sorbed within the cylinder both with time after exposing the cylinder to atmosphere of fixed penetrant concentration of Cout were calculated with variation of the diffusion coefficient ratio (D1/D2) and the radius ratio (R2/R1), where D1 and D2 are the diffusion coefficients of penetrant in the core and the skin, and R2 and R1 are the radii of the fibrous material and the core, respectively. Keeping (R2/R1) at a constant value of 1.2 but varying (D1/D2) from 104 to 10−2, the penetrant concentration distribution was calculated and found to be much different particularly within the core between (D1/D2) > 1 and (D1/D2) < 1. The sorption curves were also found to deviate in their respective ways from that of Fickian curve of a homogeneous cylinder with (D1/D2) = 1 except at initial stage of sorption. Further, by keeping (D1/D2) constant but varying (R2/R1) from 1.1 to 1.5, the effects of relative skin thickness upon the sorption curve were studied.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of a New Lanthanum(III) Complex of 3,3′‐Benzylidenedi‐4‐hydroxycoumarin

Abstract The coordination ability of 3,3′‐benzylidenedi‐4‐hydroxycoumarin (H2bhc) has been proved in a complexation reaction with lanthanum(III) ion. The new lanthanum(III) complex of bhc2− was studied by elemental analyses, mass spectra, 1H, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The data obtained are in agreement with the metal:ligand ratio of 1:l, and the formula La(bhc)(OH)(H2O), where bhc2− = C25H14O6 2−. The calculated condensed Fukui functions for bhc2− predicted that both hydroxyl and carbonyl oxygen atoms are probable reactive sites for coordination to the metal. The vibrational analysis of the lanthanum(III) complex, free H2bhc, bhc2−, and 4‐hydroxycoumarin showed that in the La(III) complex the ligand coordinates to the metal ion through both deprotonated hydroxyl groups. The participation of both carbonyl groups in coordination to the metal ion was confirmed by the significant shift of ν(C˭O) to lower wave number.
Augmented Lagrangian Method for Optimizing Non-Orthogonal Orbitals

We applied augmented Lagrangian method to optimize molecular wave function based on non-orthogonal orbitals (Spin coupled wave function; SCWF) for its grand-state energy. In contrast to the orthogonal-orbital-based electronic structure theory, SCWF includes spin eigenfunctions to satisfy the eigen states as the operator of the square of the spin. To obtain the ground-state energy of SCWF, therefore, it is necessary to optimize the orbital and the spin-coupling coefficients simultaneously. In this study, the spin-coupling and the orbital coefficients are optimized with the augmented Lagrangian method under the constrain of normality of the wave function.We employed this SCWF method to compute dissociative potential energy surfaces (PESs) of H2, H2-, He2+, and HLi. The obtained PESs by the SCWF method are close to these by full configuration interaction theory. These results indicate that the augmented Lagrangian method is effective to optimize SCWF.
Conformational analysis of single polymer chains in three dimensions by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

A single polymer chain was directly observed via a super-resolution optical imaging technique, photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM). A hydrophobic rhodamine spiroamide derivative enabled the PALM observation of synthetic polymers. The conformation of a single chain of poly(butyl methacrylate) was investigated with a spatial resolution of 15 nm. The distribution functions of the chain conformation were directly obtained from the high-resolution image of individual chains. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of individual chains was successfully observed with a lateral spatial resolution of 20 nm and a depth resolution of 40 nm.
Semi-supervised Corrupted Face Classification via Graph Learning

— Semi-supervised learning aims to training model with both of labeled and unlabeled data by exploring the relationships among them. Graph-based semi-supervised learning is an classical representative method that learning the class indicator matrix by propagating the similarity within the well designed graph constructed by data. However, for face data, they often happen to pixel missing or occlusion, which will degrade the graph learning performance, leading awful semi-supervised classification results. To address this problem, a novel semi-supervised corrupted face classification method via graph learning is proposed, in which the dynamic graph is learned by the completion face data recovered from the low-rank subspace. In our proposed method, the robust data representation and graph learning are implemented alternatively to obtain the overall optimal solutions. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms comparison methods on both of classification accuracy and robustness.
EFFECTS OF NITRATE SUPPLY ON PLANT GROWTH, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ACCUMULATION, AND NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN CRAMBE

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of variation in nitrate (NO3 −-N) supply on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) values and several aspects of N metabolism in crambe (Crambe abyssinica). Crambe plants were submitted to crescent NO3 −-N doses (1.0; 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 mM) under hydroponic culture in greenhouse and, at the end of vegetative stage (68 days after germination) harvest was performed. Increase in NO3 −-N supply caused a significant growth of it levels in stem, suggesting that this organ acts as a preferential storage site of this anion in crambe. Low P and high K values were observed in plants under 1.0 mM NO3 −-N. Whereas, with 7.5 mM was verified a decrease in NO3 −-N reductase activity and low N levels. At this dose, plants also exhibit other evidences of suppression in NO3 −-N reduction such as high amino-N levels.
Deep plug-and-play priors for spectral snapshot compressive imaging

We propose a plug-and-play (PnP) method that uses deep-learning-based denoisers as regularization priors for spectral snapshot compressive imaging (SCI). Our method is efficient in terms of reconstruction quality and speed trade-off, and flexible enough to be ready to use for different compressive coding mechanisms. We demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility in both simulations and five different spectral SCI systems and show that the proposed deep PnP prior could achieve state-of-the-art results with a simple plug-in based on the optimization framework. This paves the way for capturing and recovering multi-or hyperspectral information in one snapshot, which might inspire intriguing applications in remote sensing, biomedical science, and material science. Our code is available at: https://github.com/zsm1211/PnP-CASSI.
Measurement report: Balloon-borne in-situ profiling of Saharan
dust over Cyprus with the UCASS optical particle counter

This paper presents measurements of mineral dust concentration in the diameter range from 0.4 to 14.0 μm with a novel balloon-borne optical particle counter, the Universal Cloud and Aerosol Sounding System (UCASS). The balloon launches were coordinated with ground-based active and passive remote-sensing observations and airborne in situ measurements with a research aircraft during a Saharan dust outbreak over Cyprus from 20 to 23 April 2017. The aerosol optical depth at 500 nm reached values up to 0.5 during that event over Cyprus, and particle number concentrations were as high as 50 cm−3 for the diameter range between 0.8 and 13.9 μm. Comparisons of the total particle number concentration and the particle size distribution from two cases of balloon-borne measurements with aircraft observations show reasonable agreement in magnitude and shape despite slight mismatches in time and space. While column-integrated size distributions from balloon-borne measurements and groundbased remote sensing show similar coarse-mode peak concentrations and diameters, they illustrate the ambiguity related to the missing vertical information in passive sun photometer observations. Extinction coefficient inferred from the balloon-borne measurements agrees with those derived from coinciding Raman lidar observations at height levels with particle number concentrations smaller than 10 cm−3 for the diameter range from 0.8 to 13.9 μm. An overestimation of the UCASS-derived extinction coefficient of a factor of 2 compared to the lidar measurement was found for layers with particle number concentrations that exceed 25 cm−3, i.e. in the centre of the dust plume where particle concentrations were highest. This is likely the result of a variation in the refractive index and the shape and size dependency of the extinction efficiency of dust particles along the UCASS measurements. In the future, profile measurements of the particle number concentration and particle size distribution with the UCASS could provide a valuable addition to the measurement capabilities generally used in field experiments that are focussed on the observation of coarse aerosols and clouds. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 6782 M. Kezoudi et al.: Balloon-borne in situ dust profiling
Classification of k-Sets in PG(1,25), for k=4,…,13

A -set in the projective line is a set of projectively distinct points. From the fundamental theorem over the projective line, all -sets are projectively equivalent. In this research, the inequivalent -sets in have been computed and each -set classified to its -sets where Also, the has been splitting into two distinct -sets, equivalent and inequivalent.
Yagi-Uda nanoantenna enhanced metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector

An array of 400 nanolithographic Yagi-Uda antennas on a metal-semiconductor-metal rectifier photodetector demonstrates control of wavelength selectivity and directivity. The nanoantenna array response is obtained using a direct electrical measurement approach. Resonances in rectified photocurrent are detected at the incident electromagnetic radiation of free-space wavelengths 1110 nm and 1690 nm, corresponding to scaled effective wavelengths of 388 nm and 776 nm, respectively. The scaling is consistent with a theory based on plasmonic effects in nanoscale devices at optical frequencies, and the two resonant wavelength modes are found to match at, respectively, full-wavelength and half-wavelength operation of the detector dipole element. Quantum efficiencies are estimated as 5.1% and 3.1% at 1110 nm and 1690 nm wavelengths, respectively, representing a fourfold increase over a device lacking the antenna array.An array of 400 nanolithographic Yagi-Uda antennas on a metal-semiconductor-metal rectifier photodetector demonstrates control of wavelength selectivity and directivity. The nanoantenna array response is obtained using a direct electrical measurement approach. Resonances in rectified photocurrent are detected at the incident electromagnetic radiation of free-space wavelengths 1110 nm and 1690 nm, corresponding to scaled effective wavelengths of 388 nm and 776 nm, respectively. The scaling is consistent with a theory based on plasmonic effects in nanoscale devices at optical frequencies, and the two resonant wavelength modes are found to match at, respectively, full-wavelength and half-wavelength operation of the detector dipole element. Quantum efficiencies are estimated as 5.1% and 3.1% at 1110 nm and 1690 nm wavelengths, respectively, representing a fourfold increase over a device lacking the antenna array.
Prediction of technological process parameters in aluminum production based on artificial neural networks

The paper presents the theoretical aspects to construct a decision support system for assessing the technical condition and efficiency of the technological process in aluminum production. The key parameters that characterize the technological state of the electrolysis cells include the cell voltage, amperage of anodes and “noise”. This study is aimed at methods of machine learning as it relates to forecasting these parameters. Forecasting relies on recurrent neural networks. The method of maximum accuracy was used to elicit the neural network architecture. The results obtained in the tests run on the suggested model of forecasting are deemed acceptable in terms of predicting the technological process indicators. The introduction of the decision support system into the production management process will allow us to timely detect the technological disruptions and take measures to prevent their occurrence, which in turn will increase the efficiency of aluminum production.
CSELM‐QE: A Composite Semi‐supervised Extreme Learning Machine with Unlabeled RSS Quality Estimation for Radio Map Construction

Wireless local area network (WLAN) fingerprint-based localization has become the most attractive and popular approach for indoor localization. However, the primary concern for its practical implementation is the laborious manual effort of calibrating sufficient location-labeled fingerprints. The Semi-supervised extreme learning machine (SELM) performs well in reducing calibration effort. Traditional SELM methods only use Received signal strength (RSS) information to construct the neighbor graph and ignores location information, which helps recognizing prior information for manifold alignments. We propose Composite SELM (CSELM) method by using both RSS signals and location information to construct composite graph. Besides, the issue of unlabeled RSS data quality has not been solved. We propose a novel approach called Composite semisupervised extreme learning machine with unlabeled RSS Quality estimation (CSELM-QE) that takes into account the quality of unlabeled RSS data and combines the composite neighbor graph, which considers location information in the semi-supervised extreme learning machine. Experimental results show that the CSELM-QE could construct a precise localization model, reduce the calibration effort for radio map construction and improve localization accuracy. Our quality estimation method can be applied to other methods that need to retain high quality unlabeled Received signal strength data to improve model accuracy.
Formalization of the task of monitoring the technological safety of industrial facilities in conditions of indistinctness of the initial information

The article deals with the issues of fuzzy modeling and situational analysis of the technological safety of petrochemical complexes and decision-making on their management in conditions of uncertainty and fuzzy initial information based on the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. A formal model for describing fuzzy situations in the form of a fuzzy set and making rational decisions in various emergency situations based on the criterion of the degree of fuzzy inclusion and the degree of fuzzy equality with the involvement of the method of situational inference is proposed.