Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scientific Research Applied to the Telephone Transmitter and Receiver

Improvements in the transmitter and receiver, instruments basic to the telephone art, continually have led to a higher grade of service and further economies. Research work has made possible predetermination of performance by calculation; the effect of studies of speech sounds, hearing, materials, and testing methods on the development of instruments giving high quality for conversation is shown by this article, which is based on one of three Iwadare lectures* delivered in 1937.
Homozygosity for FARSB mutation leads to Phe‐tRNA synthetase‐related disease of growth restriction, brain calcification, and interstitial lung disease

Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (ARSs) canonical function is to conjugate specific amino acids to cognate tRNA that are required for the first step of protein synthesis. Genetic mutations that cause dysfunction or absence of ARSs result in various neurodevelopmental disorders. The human phenylalanine‐tRNA synthetase (PheRS) is a tetrameric protein made of two subunits coded by FARSA gene and two subunits coded by FARSB gene. We describe eight affected individuals from an extended family with a multisystemic recessive disease manifest as a significant growth restriction, brain calcifications, and interstitial lung disease. Genome‐wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing identified homozygosity for a FARSB mutation (NM_005687.4:c.853G > A:p.Glu285Lys) that co‐segregate with the disease and likely cause loss‐of‐function. This study further implicates FARSB mutations in a multisystem, recessive, neurodevelopmental phenotype that share clinical features with the previously known aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐related diseases.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Medicare Population: The Impact on Mortality and Resource Use

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a disease of small bile ducts, which can lead to morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to assess recent trends in mortality and healthcare use of PBC patients in the Medicare program. Data from Medicare beneficiaries between 2005 and 2015 (5% random samples) were used. The diagnosis of PBC was established with International Classification of Diseases‐9 code 571.6 used for both primary and secondary diagnoses. Mortality was assessed by Medicare‐linked death registry. Healthcare use included episodes of care, length of stay, and total charges/payments. Independent predictors of outcomes were evaluated in multiple generalized linear or logistic regression models. The study cohort included a total of 6,375 inpatient/outpatient Medicare beneficiaries (mean age 69.8 years, 17% male, 88% white, and 18% with disability). Over the study period, 1‐year mortality remained stable (9.1% to 14.3%, P = 0.11). Independent predictors of 1‐year mortality were older age, male gender, black race, the presence of ascites, encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, and higher Charlson score. Outpatient total yearly charges and payments per beneficiary with PBC increased from $3,065 and $777 (2005) to $5,773 and $967 (2014), respectively. Similarly, inpatient total yearly charges and payments per beneficiary with PBC increased from $59,765 and $19,406 (2007), to $98,941 and $27,948 (2013), respectively (P < 0.05). The presence of ascites, portal hypertension, and higher Charlson score were independent predictors of higher payments for both inpatient and outpatient resource use, and the presence of hepatic encephalopathy was an additional predictor of higher inpatient resource use (all P < 0.02). Conclusion: The prevalence of PBC among the Medicare beneficiaries has increased. Despite stable mortality rates, resource use for Medicare patients with PBC continues to rise.
An Active Pulse Transmission Line Simulating Nerve Axon

To electronically simulate an animal nerve axon, the authors made an active pulse transmission line using tunnel diodes. The equation of propagation for this line is the same as that for a simplified model of nerve membrane treated elsewhere. This line shapes the signal waveform during transmission, that is, there being a specific pulse-like waveform peculiar to this line, smaller signals are amplified, larger ones are attenuated, narrower ones are widened and those which are wider are shrunk, all approaching the above-mentioned specific waveform. In addition, this line has a certain threshold value in respect to the signal height, and signals smaller than the threshold or noise are eliminated in the course of transmission. Because of the above-mentioned shaping action and the existence of a threshold, this line makes possible highly reliable pulse transmission, and will be useful for various kinds of information-processing systems.
Low‐Temperature Heteroepitaxy of 2D PbI2/Graphene for Large‐Area Flexible Photodetectors

Heterostructures based on graphene and other 2D atomic crystals exhibit fascinating properties and intriguing potential in flexible optoelectronics, where graphene films function as transparent electrodes and other building blocks are used as photoactive materials. However, large‐scale production of such heterostructures with superior performance is still in early stages. Herein, for the first time, the preparation of a submeter‐sized, vertically stacked heterojunction of lead iodide (PbI2)/graphene on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by vapor deposition of PbI2 on graphene/PET substrate at a temperature lower than 200 °C is demonstrated. This film is subsequently used to fabricate bendable graphene/PbI2/graphene sandwiched photodetectors, which exhibit high responsivity (45 A W−1 cm−2), fast response (35 µs rise, 20 µs decay), and high‐resolution imaging capability (1 µm). This study may pave a facile pathway for scalable production of high‐performance flexible devices.
Stellar Inertial Navigation

Automatic navigation of aircraft may be accomplished in a number of ways. Where radiative contact with the ground is satisfactory, systems such as the conventional radio ranges and the more recently developed hyperbolic grid techniques are economical and normally reliable. However, in some regions of the earth and under certain atmospheric conditions, these types of radio aids may not be reliable. Other systems that involve radiative contact with the ground include radio mapping techniques and Doppler navigation; these generally require more expensive airborne equipment, although they are less subject to atmospheric disturbances. But since in military applications radiation from an aircraft furnishes a potential means of enemy detection, such techniques are relatively undesirable. At the present time, Doppler systems are the least subject to this objection. Inertial navigation makes use of acceleration detection and integration for obtaining information on the progress of the aircraft over the surface of the earth. It is independent of radiative contacts, and therefore free from such detection. On the other hand, it is subject to errors resulting from instrumental imperfections. In particular, drift of the essential gyroscopes leads to cumulative errors in indicated position; consequently, pure inertial autonavigators are limited in the flight time over which their indications are satisfactorily accurate. Use of photoelectric telescopes (star trackers) in combination with an inertial system provides a tie to basic inertial space, such as to minimize or eliminate the cumulative effect of gyro drift. Such a combination is known as a stellar inertial autonavigator.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders

Abstract The field of autoimmune neurology is evolving rapidly. The discovery of autoantibodies that target neural antigens has expanded swiftly in the last decade. Recognition of the clinical syndromes associated with autoimmune neurologic disorders, and our understanding of the pathophysiology, has progressed significantly. Radiographic, electrophysiological, and laboratory testing (particularly neural autoantibody testing) are fundamental in the diagnosis of autoimmune neurological disorders and in the exclusion of mimics. Furthermore, investigations may serve as a baseline from which objective assessment of improvement or detection of relapse can be made. These disorders can be associated with underlying neoplasms, and screening for malignancy is an essential component of the investigations. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of immunotherapy can improve neurologic function. The use of immunotherapy, however, can be associated with diverse side effects, and careful monitoring is crucial to prevent complications. Herein the authors address the diagnostic and treatment approach of autoimmune neurologic disorders, with particular focus on antibody-mediated neurologic autoimmunity.
Simplified Multiple Parameter Sensitivity Calculation and Continuously Equivalent Networks

A method of efficiently calculating the sensitivity functions of a single output variable with respect to all the parameters in a reciprocal network is described. The method reduces the problem of obtaining these sensitivity functions to the simple problem of solving one additional network easily derived from the given network. A distinct advantage of the method is that currently available digital computer network analysis programs can be used with little modification and calculation of the sensitivity functions. Next, the frequency dependence of the sensitivity of continuously equivalent networks is examined. The results of this study allows one to make three hypotheses about continuously equivalent networks. 1) The continuously equivalent network resulting from a minimization of the sum of the magnitudes squared of the sensitivity functions at a given frequency is the network with minimum sum of the magnitudes squared of the sensitivity function at all frequencies. 2) The sum of the magnitudes squared of the sensitivity functions decreases as the number of elements increases in continuously equivalent networks. 3) The sum of the sensitivity functions is invariant with respect to the various equivalent networks. The most important hypothesis is the first since if true for all continuously equivalent networks, then a great simplification of the computation problem results. Even if a limited class of continuously equivalent networks exhibit this property, then the result is worthwhile. Experimental results show that such a class does exist. These experimental results do not prove that all continuously equivalent networks have these three properties.
Formation of Junction Structures by Solid-State Diffusion

The diffusion of group III and group V impurities into germanium and silicon is reviewed. Observed and possible variations of the diffusion coefficient with concentration are discussed, followed by a summary of the diffusion coefficients and of solutions to the diffusion equation. Finally, methods for the evaluation of diffused layers and diffusion techniques are described.
On Radiation from Antennas

This paper presents some theoretical remarks and experimental data relating to applications of the transmission-line theory to antennas. It is emphasized that the voltage, the current, and the charge are affected by radiation in different ways, a fact which should be considered in any adaptation of line equations to antennas. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that in an antenna of length equal to an integral number of half wavelengths, which is energized at a current antinode, the effect of radiation on the current and the charge (but not on the voltage) can roughly be represented by adding to the resistance of the wires another fairly simple term.
Diffraction of High-Frequency Radio Waves around the Earth

This paper reports nonoptical height-gain measurements on a remarkably uniform desert link at frequencies of 25, 63, 170, 520, 1,000, 3,300, and 9,375 Mc using horizontal polarization. It has been shown that when the index of refraction of the atmosphere is a linear function of elevation, the problem of refraction and diffraction may be represented approximately by a problem in diffraction alone. Data taken under linear and slightly nonlinear index of refraction gradients are compared with fields predicted by standard diffraction theory. A mechanism other than diffraction is required to explain the higher-frequency fields observed under standard meteorological conditions.
Wogonin suppresses the LPS-enhanced invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by inhibiting the 5-LO/BLT2 cascade

Wogonin, a naturally occurring bioactive monoflavonoid isolated from Scutellariae radix (roots of Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi), has known anticancer effects. However, the molecular signaling mechanism by which wogonin inhibits invasiveness in breast cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, it was observed that wogonin exerted an inhibitory effect on the lipopolysaccha-ride (LPS)-enhanced invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, wogonin inhibited the synthesis of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), which are critical for promoting invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells. Wogonin also suppressed the expression of leukot-riene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) and the synthesis of its ligand, by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in LPS-stimulated MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, wogonin attenuated the production of IL-8 and MMP-9 by inhibiting the BLT2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-linked cascade. Finally, in vivo, LPS-driven MDA-MB-231 cell metastasis was markedly suppressed by wogonin administration. Overall, the present results suggested that wogonin inhibited the 5-LO/BLT2/ERK/IL-8/MMP-9 signaling cascade and demonstrated that this cascade may be an important target through which wogonin exerts its anticancer effects in breast cancer.
BİÇİMLENDİRİCİ DEĞERLENDİRME SORUSU KULLANILARAK LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNE EYLEMSİZLİKLE İLGİLİ YAPILAN ÖĞRETİMİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Eylemsizlik kavramini sadece Newton’un 1. Hareket Yasasi ile iliskilendiren ogretim yaklasimi, ogrencileri yalnizca duran ya da sabit hizla hareket eden cisimlerin eylemsizligi oldugu yanilgisina goturebilmektedir. Oysaki eylemsizlik sadece sabit hiz ya da duraganlikta degil, kutle oldukca vardir. Bu calismada soz konusu kavram yanilgisini ortadan kaldirmaya yonelik gercek yasamla iliskili bir bicimlendirici degerlendirme sorusunun tanitimi, bu yontemi temel alan ogretim uygulamalarinin genel olarak degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Uygulama bir devlet lisesinde fizik dersinde iki subede ogrenim goren toplam 52, 11. sinif ogrencileri ile gerceklestirilmistir. Veri toplama araci olarak iki asamali tasarlanmis bir bicimlendirici yoklama sorusu calisma basinda ve sonunda kullanilmistir. Ogrencilerin eylemsizlikle ilgili sahip olduklari bilgiler ortaya cikarildiktan sonra, bu konuda hazirlanan uc gosteri deneyi Tahmin-Aciklama-Gozlem-Aciklama sureclerini icerecek sekilde ogrenci-ogretmen, ogrenci-ogrenci arasi tahmin, aciklama, tartisma, deney ve aciklama biciminde tamamlanmistir. Ogrencilerin yanitlari dortlu degerlendirme olcegi kullanilarak degerlendirilmistir. Yapilan uygulama sonrasinda, ogrencilerin eylemsizlik kavrami ile ilgili kavramsal ve aciklama duzeylerinde artis oldugu tespit edilmistir.
Half-Bridge Transistor Inverter for DC Power Conversion

In the design of push-pull type or bridge type inverters for dc to dc or dc to ac power conversion, one serious problem arises as a result of the difference in saturation voltages and unsymmetrical switching times of the power transistors. A slight difference in one of these parameters will put different volt-seconds on the power transformer primary in the two half cycles and drive the transformer into saturation. This can result in excessive saturation current in the power transistors and can eventually cause circuit failure [5]. This paper describes a half bridge transistor inverter which serves the same purpose of dc power conversion but eliminates the power transformer saturation problem. The analysis of this inverter circuit is discussed in detail. Several proposed designs for the control and protection circuits are also included.
Plain language communication as a priority competency for medical professionals in a globalized world

This brief report aims to highlight the impact of globalization – the international movement of goods, people, and ideas – on patient-provider communication in medical training and practice, and how the implementation of plain language communication training as a core competency for care providers can mitigate this impact. Globalization influences both patient and provider population diversity, which presents challenges with regard to patient-provider communication, particularly in cases of limited health literacy. Plain language communication - the delivery of information in a simple, succinct, and accurate manner - can help address these challenges. Training in plain language communication, however, is not a part of standard education for health care providers. Based on a synthesis of relevant literature pertaining to globalization, plain language communication, and medical education curricula, it is hoped that the information presented establishes the need for plain language communication as a core competency in medical education to enable providers to better meet the needs of an increasingly globalized health system.
Silver-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose as Antibacterial Membrane for Wound-Healing Applications

Bacterial cellulose (BC) functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is evaluated as an antimicrobial membrane for wound-healing treatment. A facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles inside the porous three-dimensional weblike BC network has been obtained by UV light irradiation. AgNPs were photochemically deposited onto the BC gel network as well as they were chemically bonded to the cellulose fiber surfaces. AgNPs with a narrow size distribution along with some aggregates in the BC network were evidenced from the morphological analyses. A highly crystalline nature of the BC membranes was observed in X-ray diffraction measurements, and the presence of metallic silver confirmed the photochemical reduction of Ag+ → Ag0 in Ag/BC composites. Antibacterial activity of the hybrid composites, such as pellicles, performed against the Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) by disk diffusion and growth dynamics methods showed high bacteria-killing performance. No significant amount of silver release was observed from the Ag/BC pellicles even after a long soaking time. As composite pellicles are preserved in a moist environment that also favors wound recovery, by combining all of these properties the material could be useful in wound-healing treatments.
Realizability of a Resistively Terminated Cascade of Lumped Two-Port Networks Separated by Noncommensurate Transmission Lines

The necessary and sufficient conditions are presented under which a multivariable impedance function may be realized by means of a cascade of passive, lumped, lossless, two-port networks connected by means of noncommensurate transmission lines and terminated in a positive resistor. Reference is also made to the particular case of a cascade of noncommensurate transmission lines with lumped, shunt capacitors at the junctions of adjacent lines.
MicroRNA-155 promotes ox-LDL-induced autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Endothelial cell autophagy has a protective role in inhibiting inflammation and preventing the development of atherosclerosis, which may be regulated by microRNA (miR)-155. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of autophagy in the development of atherosclerosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells model in vitro and using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulated cells to simulate the atherosclerosis. MiR-155 mimics, miR-155 inhibitors, and a negative control were respectively transfected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells to analyzed alterations in the expression of miR-155. It was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-155 promoted autophagic activity in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas inhibition of the expression of miR-155 reduced autophagic activity. Overexpression of miR-155 revealed that it regulated autophagy via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway (mTOR) signaling pathway. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-155 directly bound to the PI3K catalytic subunit a and Ras homolog enriched in brain 3′-untranslated region and inhibited its luciferase activity. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that miR-155 promoted autophagy in vascular endothelial cells and that this may have occurred via targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, miR-155 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
The Optimum Piston Position for Wide-Band Coaxial-to-Waveguide Transducers

A coaxial line can be matched to a waveguide by means of a probe antenna located ahead of a short-circuiting plunger. An impedance match can usually be achieved by varying any two of the following three dimensions: (a) the off-center position of the probe, (b) the probe length, (c) the piston position. This paper points out that there is, theoretically, an optimum piston position for greatest bandwidth, and presents some evidence corroborating this theory. Bandwidths greater than ±10 per cent to the 1 db swr points have been realized by fixing the piston at its optimum position and varying (a) and (b) above to obtain a match.
Moving from the Membranes: Exploring the Integumentary System Through Experiential Anatomy and Dance

ABSTRACT This article outlines a somatic-based class that illustrates how the integumentary system can be introduced to dance students to further their understanding of their physical instruments. It justifies why incorporating information about specific biological systems into dance teaching is apt and beneficial for dancers, and it describes how guided exercises that incorporate anatomical and physiological information can inspire rich somatic and creative exploration.
Quantification of Circulating Cancer Biomarkers via Sensitive Topographic Measurements on Single Binder Nanoarrays

Early detection of cancer plays a crucial role in disease prognosis. It requires the recognition and quantification of low amounts of specific molecular biomarkers, either free or transported inside nanovesicles, through the development of novel sensitive diagnostic technologies. In this context, we have developed a nanoarray platform for the noninvasive quantification of cancer biomarkers circulating in the bloodstream. The assay is based on molecular manipulation to create functional spots of surface-immobilized binders and differential topography measurements. It is label-free and requires just a single binder per antigen, and when it is implemented with fluorescence labeling/readout, it can be used for epitope mapping. As a benchmark, we focused on the plasma release of Her2 extracellular domain (ECD), a proposed biomarker for the progression of Her2-positive tumors and response to anticancer therapies. By employing robust, easily engineered camelid nanobodies as binders, we measured ECD-Her2 concentrations in the range of the actual clinical cutoff value for Her2-positive breast cancer. The specificity for Her2 detection was preserved when it was measured in parallel with other potential biomarkers, demonstrating a forthcoming implementation of this approach for multiplexing analysis. Prospectively, this nanorarray platform may be customized to allow for the detection of promising new classes of circulating biomarkers, such as exosomes and microvesicles.