Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Timing and Time Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Review of the Evidence

Autism spectrum disorders (asd) is a cluster term for impairment in areas such as communication, social interaction, and imagination, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Affected individuals, who grow up with this disorder, appear to perceive the world in profoundly different ways, and this may ultimately underlie the manifestation of diagnostic behavioral phenotypic characteristics (as for other forms of psychological disorder; e.g., schizophrenia, adhd, other developmental disorders). The question as to whether some of these differences are attributable to pathophysiological differences in how the brain keeps time has recently become a focus of autism research. So too has the nature of the relationship between timing and time processing and other cognitive abilities that are compromised in asd (e.g., perception of temporal structure and social reciprocity, such as to and froin social exchanges; see Chapter 3 of this book). As evidenced in this book, the interest in the potential correspondence of distortions in psychological time with diagnostic features of certain disorders is burgeoning in clinical populations often co-morbid to asd including adhd (Barkley et al., 1997; Noreika, Falter, and Rubia, 2013; Rubia et al., 1999; Toplack, Dockstader, and Tannock, 2006; Yang et al., 2007) and schizophrenia (Penney et al., 2005; see also Allman et al., 2014), however relatively little is known about timing abilities in individuals with asd. This is despite the fact that it is widely acknowledged that these individuals have a poor sense of time at the intuitive level “to a degree that is markedly discrepant with their level of intelligence” (Wing, 1996: 89). There are at least three different ways in which time processing may be related to cognitive development, including a direct causal relationship or an associative interaction with other functional deficits (Falter and Noreika, 2011). The mechanisms by which a primary deficit of interval timing might contribute to diagnostic impairments
Gain scheduling versus robust control of LPV systems: The output feedback case

We compare robust and gain scheduling control for continuous-time LPV systems. In the literature it has been shown that some duality properties as well as a separation principle hold for gain-scheduling control. This means that an LPV plant can be stabilized by a gain scheduling control law if and only if a proper gain scheduling LPV state observer and LPV stabilizer can be designed. Moreover observer and state-feedback designs are dual problems. In this paper we show, by means of counterexamples that, in robust design neither of the above properties hold. Precisely, it is shown that, if the parameter values are not measurable on-line, then there exist robust stabilizable plants for which no state detection is possible and that there exist plants which are stabilizable via state feedback whose dual system does not admit robust observers. In passing we solve an open question. In the state-feedback design case it was previously shown the equivalence between robust and gain-scheduling control for polytopic systems, namely that state-feedback gain-scheduling stabilizability implies state-feedback robust stabilizability. We prove that this is not true anymore in the output feedback case. The discrete-time case will be briefly discussed at the end.
Concise Review: Drug Discovery in the Age of the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell

For decades, the paradigm of drug discovery and development has relied on immortalized cell lines, animal models of human disease, and clinical trials. With the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology in 2007, a new human in vitro drug testing platform has potentially augmented this set of tools by providing additional ways to screen compounds for safety and efficacy. The growing number of human disease models made with patient‐specific iPSCs has made it possible to conduct research on a wide range of disorders, including rare diseases and those with multifactorial origin, as well as to simulate drug effects on difficult‐to‐obtain tissues such as brain and cardiac muscle. Toxicity and teratogenicity assays developed with iPSC‐derived cells can also provide an additional layer of safety before advancing drugs to clinical trials. The incorporation of iPSC technology into drug therapy development holds promise as a more powerful and nuanced approach to personalized medicine.
SOME INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ASSIMILATION OF APPLE LEAVES.

The assimilation of apple leaves subjected to various environmental conditions has been studied by a number of investigators. Extensive investigations have been made by HEINICKE and HOFFMAN (10) for individual leaves under natural conditions and more recently by HEINICKE and CHILDERS (9) for the foliage of an entire tree. These investigations, however, involved determinations of the average rate of assimilation over periods of several hours. This study was originated to obtain information on the assimilation of individual apple leaves under varying conditions over more brief periods of time than used heretofore. In the following experiments apple leaves were subjected to varying conditions in the laboratory and determinations of the rate of assimilation made in hourly periods.
DNA sequence of the D-serine deaminase activator gene dsdC

We have determined the DNA sequence of dsdC, the gene that encodes the D-serine deaminase activator protein of Escherichia coli K-12. The sequence contains a single open reading frame that terminates in a UGA codon. One the basis of the size of the protein, 33 kilodaltons, and the amino acid sequence encoded by the open reading frame, we identified a likely translation initiation codon 731 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation codon for the divergently transcribed D-serine deaminase gene. There is a broad range of codon usage, not surprising in view of the weak expression of the gene. The N-terminal two-thirds of the activator is arginine-lysine rich and quite polar; the remainder is more neutral. The segment of the protein that seems most likely to have potential to form the helix-turn-helix structure characteristic of DNA-regulatory proteins is located near the end of the polar region. The protein contains a region with significant homology to lambda attB.
Design of cross-coupled substrate integrated waveguide filters with the mode-matching and finite element methods

A mode-matching (MM) formulation based on rectangular waveguide mode expansion is presented for the fast and accurate analysis of circular via hole rows in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters. To ensure the full flexibility in positioning of the via holes this method is combined with the two-dimensional finite element method (2D FEM) without significant reduction in speed and accuracy. This numerical technique is applied to cross-coupled SIW filters utilizing TE201/TE101-mode cavities for the generation of additional transmission zeros (TZ). A five-pole filter design with three TZs is taken as example and verified by the three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM).
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues vs. Those from Other Sources: Their Biology and Role in Regenerative Medicine

To date, 5 different human dental stem/progenitor cells have been isolated and characterized: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs). These postnatal populations have mesenchymal-stem-cell-like (MSC) qualities, including the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs) are capable of giving rise to various lineages of cells, such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and neurogenic cells. The dental-tissue-derived stem cells are isolated from specialized tissue with potent capacities to differentiate into odontogenic cells. However, they also have the ability to give rise to other cell lineages similar to, but different in potency from, that of BMMSCs. This article will review the isolation and characterization of the properties of different dental MSC-like populations in comparison with those of other MSCs, such as BMMSCs. Important issues in stem cell biology, such as stem cell niche, homing, and immunoregulation, will also be discussed.
l1 Optimisation and shaping in finite settling time stabilising control

In this paper we consider some further performance requirements apart from tracking and disturbance rejection imposed on the family of Finite Settling Time Stabilising (FSTS) controllers of a plant P. In particular, using the complete parametrisation of the family of FSTS controllers it is shown how optimal controllers in the sense of minimising the l1 or l∞ norm of a certain error vector or shaping the error signal, control signal or input-output transfer function, can be constructed. This contribution examines the case of step inputs; the approach is algebraic and it reduces to the solution of a finite linear programme.
Conceptual Modeling and Ontology: Possibilities and Pitfalls

Conceptual modelling is an activity undertaken during information systems development work to build a representation of selected semantics about some real-world domain. Ontological theories have been developed to account for the structure and behavior of the real world in general. In this paper, I discuss why ontological theories can be used to inform conceptual modelling research, practice, and pedagogy. I provide examples from my research to illustrate how a particular ontological theory has enabled me to improve my understanding of certain conceptual modelling practices and grammars. I describe, also, how some colleagues and I have used this theory to generate several counter-intuitive, sometimes surprising predictions about widely advocated conceptual modelling practices â€” predictions that subsequently were supported in empirical research we undertook. Finally, I discuss several possibilities and pitfalls I perceive to be associated with our using ontological theories to underpin research on conceptual modelling.
Design of Capacitive Sensor for Concentration Measurement

This paper presents the analysis of ideal equivalent circuit of the developed concentration sensor probe for chemical solutions by regarding to reasonable costs and reliability of device. The designed sensor probe consists of 2 parallel electrode plates that are coated by Nylon with 0.4 mm thick and mounted together by Resin with 2.5 mm of gap (0.09 times greater than electrode width). Any capacity changes will be compared with the electric circuit that is obtained from the Good Will R-L-C standard instrument, model CTR, at the frequency extending from 100 Hz to 2 kHz. From the experiments, it was found that the sensor designed for ethyl alcohol solution within concentration of 5% to 95% and 10% concentration interval, at room temperature of 23 degC and frequency of 100 Hz, can provide the results with high linearity as well as high resolution of capacity change which is 2 pF per 1% of concentration
Proteomic profiling of heterotopic heart-transplanted rats using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Potential biomarkers and drug targets

Objective Methotrexate and rapamycin demonstrate an additive effect in prolonging cardiac allograft survival in a major histocompatibility complex mismatched rat model. The present study aimed to identify functional proteins involved in the allograft-protective effects of these two agents and reveal potential diagnostic markers for treating rejection. Methods Serum samples from heterotopic heart-transplanted LEW(RT-11) rats (either without immunosuppressive treatment or treated with methotrexate alone, rapamycin alone, or methotrexate and rapamycin combined) were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Protein profiles obtained using a weak cation exchange ProteinChip® CM-10 array were then analysed using ProteinChip® Software. Results Of 28 rejection-related proteins identified, isoelectric point and mass information from two potential candidate proteins matched information from the UniProtKB/Swiss-prot database, suggesting them to be complement component C3f fragment and complement component 4A (C4A, anaphylatoxin). Conclusions Proteomic analysis revealed 28 proteins as potential diagnostic markers of tissue rejection. Of these, 11 proteins may represent targets relating to the additive effects of methotrexate and rapamycin. Two protein peaks, with mass-to-charge ratios of 1950 Da and 8577 Da, may have potential for use in post-transplant diagnosis of rejection.
Career Goal Revision in Response to Negative Feedback: Testing a Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Model

We tested a model based on goal-setting and self-regulation theories of the cross-lagged relationships among negative career-related feedback, negative affect (career-related stress), and career goal revision (downward goal revision and goal disengagement). Participants were 409 Chinese university/college students (Mage 19 years; 58% female), who completed a survey at 2 time points approximately 6 months apart. Consistent with our hypotheses, negative career-related feedback at T1 was related to more career goal disengagement and greater downward goal revision at T2. Career-related stress partially mediated the relationship between negative career-related feedback and downward goal revision. In addition, there were reverse relationships between negative career-related feedback and career-related stress, and between career-related stress and goal disengagement. These findings highlight important roles for negative career-related feedback and negative affect in young peoples’ career goal pursuit.
Negative local resistance caused by viscous electron backflow in graphene

Electrons that flow like a fluid Electrons inside a conductor are often described as flowing in response to an electric field. This flow rarely resembles anything like the familiar flow of water through a pipe, but three groups describe counterexamples (see the Perspective by Zaanen). Moll et al. found that the viscosity of the electron fluid in thin wires of PdCoO2 had a major effect on the flow, much like what happens in regular fluids. Bandurin et al. found evidence in graphene of electron whirlpools similar to those formed by viscous fluid flowing through a small opening. Finally, Crossno et al. observed a huge increase of thermal transport in graphene, a signature of so-called Dirac fluids. Science, this issue p. 1061, 1055, 1058; see also p. 1026 Proximity transport measurements find evidence of whirlpools of graphene’s viscous electronic fluid. [Also see Perspective by Zaanen] Graphene hosts a unique electron system in which electron-phonon scattering is extremely weak but electron-electron collisions are sufficiently frequent to provide local equilibrium above the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Under these conditions, electrons can behave as a viscous liquid and exhibit hydrodynamic phenomena similar to classical liquids. Here we report strong evidence for this transport regime. We found that doped graphene exhibits an anomalous (negative) voltage drop near current-injection contacts, which is attributed to the formation of submicrometer-size whirlpools in the electron flow. The viscosity of graphene’s electron liquid is found to be ~0.1 square meters per second, an order of magnitude higher than that of honey, in agreement with many-body theory. Our work demonstrates the possibility of studying electron hydrodynamics using high-quality graphene.
A Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC Assay Method for Flucytosine in Bulk Drug

An isocratic reversed phase stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of Flucytosine in bulk drugs. An isocratic, reversed phase HPLC method was developed to separate the drug from the degradation products, using a Water Nova Pack C18 (250 x 4.6) mm, 5μ column and the mobile phase containing 1.0gm Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.0 gm 1octaneSulfonic acid salt in 1000ml water filter and mixed. Prepare a homogenous mixture of buffer, methanol and acetonitrile (50:20:30,v/v/v). The detection was carried out at wavelength 264 nm. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision, system suitability, selectivity, robustness prove the stability indicating ability of the method.
Cardiolipin–cytochrome c complex: Switching cytochrome c from an electron‐transfer shuttle to a myoglobin‐ and a peroxidase‐like heme‐protein

Cytochrome c (cytc) is a small heme‐protein located in the space between the inner and the outer membrane of the mitochondrion that transfers electrons from cytc‐reductase to cytc‐oxidase. The hexa‐coordinated heme‐Fe atom of cytc displays a very low reactivity toward ligands and does not exhibit significant catalytic properties. However, upon cardiolipin (CL) binding, cytc achieves ligand binding and catalytic properties reminiscent of those of myoglobin and peroxidase. In particular, the peroxidase activity of the cardiolipin–cytochrome c complex (CL–cytc) is critical for the redistribution of CL from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membranes and is essential for the execution and completion of the apoptotic program. On the other hand, the capability of CL–cytc to bind NO and CO and the heme‐Fe‐based scavenging of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species may affect apoptosis. Here, the ligand binding and catalytic properties of CL–cytc are analyzed in parallel with those of CL‐free cytc, myoglobin, and peroxidase to dissect the potential mechanisms of CL in modulating the pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic actions of cytc. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(2):98–109, 2015
The Relevance of Neutral α-Glucosidase Activity in Andrology

To assess the usefulness of routine determination of neutral α-glucosidase (NAG) in andrology, 216 ejaculates were analyzed for NAG activity and semen quality. A correlation between NAG activity and semen volume and sperm concentration was determined; however, no correlation was observed between NAG activity and sperm motility or sperm morphology. The number of azoospermic ejaculates that had NAG activity below acceptable levels was significantly higher than the number of non-azoospermic ejaculates with similarly low NAG levels. Routine determination of NAG activity is not practical; however, when an epididymal pathology leading to a physiological or anatomical functional alteration is suspected, the determination of NAG activity is a valuable tool in the diagnosis, and would also aid in the prognosis.
Modelling of Inter-sample Variation in Flow Cytometric Data with the Joint Clustering and Matching ( JCM ) Procedure

We present an algorithm for modelling flow cytometry data in the presence of large inter-sample variation. Large-scale cytometry datasets often exhibit some within-class variation due to technical effects such as instrumental differences and variations in data acquisition, as well as subtle biological heterogeneity within the class of samples. Failure to account for such variations in the model may lead to inaccurate matching of populations across a batch of samples and poor performance in classification of unlabelled samples. In this paper, we describe the Joint Clustering and Matching (JCM) procedure for simultaneous segmentation and alignment of cell populations across multiple samples. Under the JCM framework, a multivariate mixture distribution is used to model the distribution of the expressions of a fixed set of markers for each cell in a sample such that the components in the mixture model may correspond to the various populations of cells, which have similar expressions of markers (that is, clusters), in the composition of the sample. For each class of samples, an overall class template is formed by the adoption of random-effects terms to model the inter-sample variation within a class. The construction of a parametric template for each class allows for direct quantification of the differences between the template and each sample, and also between each pair of samples, both within or between classes. The classification of a new unclassified sample is then undertaken by assigning the unclassified sample to the class that minimizes the distance between its fitted mixture density and each class density as provided by the class templates. We use a symmetric form of the Kullback-Leibler distance for this purpose. We show and demonstrate on four real datasets how the JCM procedure can be used to carry out the tasks of automated clustering and alignment of cell populations, and supervised classification of samples. Key terms Flow cytometry, Classification, Class template, Inter-sample variation, Clustering, Matching, Skew mixture models, EM algorithm, JCM
Toward Understanding Exclusive Read

The ability of many processors to simultaneously read from the same cell of shared memory can give additional power to a parallel random access machine. In this paper, a natural Boolean function of n variables is described, and it is shown that the expected running time of any probabilistic EROW PRAM computing this function is in $\Omega (\sqrt {\log n} )$, although it can be computed by a CROW PRAM in $O(\log \log n)$ steps.
Two-way relay beamforming for sum-rate maximization and energy harvesting

Weighted sum-rate maximization with transmit power limit and energy harvesting constraints is considered in the context of two-way collaborative relay systems. We discuss an ideal scheme where the source nodes can decode information signal and harvest energy, simultaneously. An iterative algorithm based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA) is developed to obtain (at least) a local optimal solution. In view of the limitation of the current circuits, we propose a practical ping-pong scheme wherein the source node can only perform one operation at a time. Furthermore, the iterative algorithm and its convergence are extended to such a case. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms is validated by numerical experiments.
Highly Accurate Prediction of Jobs Runtime Classes

Separating the short jobs from the long is a known technique to improve scheduling performance. In this paper we describe a method we developed for accurately predicting the runtimes classes of the jobs to enable this separation. Our method uses the fact that the runtimes can be represented as a mixture of overlapping Gaussian distributions, in order to train a CART classifier to provide the prediction. The threshold that separates the short jobs from the long jobs is determined during the evaluation of the classifier to maximize prediction accuracy. Our results indicate overall accuracy of 90% for the data set used in our study, with sensitivity and specificity both above 90%.
Deletion analysis of the p16 tumour suppressor gene in phaeochromocytomas

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The molecular pathogenesis of phaeochromocytoma has not yet been fully established. The p16 turnour suppressor gene is often inactivated in a wide variety of primary human malignancies, including tumours of ectodermal origin. We have therefore examined the status of the p16 gene in a series of phaeochromocytomas.