Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cleaner air reveals growing influence of climate on dissolved organic carbon trends in northern headwaters

Surface water browning, the result of increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM), has been widespread in northern ecosystems in recent decades. Here, we assess a database of 426 undisturbed headwater lakes and streams in Europe and North America for evidence of trends in DOM between 1990 and 2016. We describe contrasting changes in DOM trends in Europe (decelerating) and North America (accelerating), which are consistent with organic matter solubility responses to declines in sulfate deposition. While earlier trends (1990–2004) were almost entirely related to changes in atmospheric chemistry, climatic and chemical drivers were equally important in explaining recent DOM trends (2002–2016). We estimate that riverine DOM export from northern ecosystems increased by 27% during the study period. Increased summer precipitation strengthened upward dissolved organic carbon trends while warming apparently damped browning. Our results suggest strong but changing influences of air quality and climate on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and on the magnitude of carbon export from land to water.
Photoluminescence and excited states dynamics of Tm2+-doped CsCa(Cl/Br)3 and CsCa(Br/I)3 perovskites

In this study, we systematically vary the Cl/Br and Br/I ratios in CsCaX3:Tm2+ (X = Cl, Br, I) and hereby gradually shift the positions of the Tm2+ 4f125d1-levels as relative to the two 4f13 levels. At low temperatures up to five distinct Tm2+ 4f125d1→4f13 emissions and the 4f13→4f13 emission can be observed. As the temperature increases, most of the 4f125d1→4f13 emissions undergo quenching via multi-phonon relaxation (MPR) and at room temperature only the lowest energy 4f125d1→4f13 and the 4f13→4f13 emission remains. For all compositions a 4f13→4f13 risetime phenomenon is then observed whose duration matches the 4f125d1→4f13 decay time. It shows the feeding of the 4f13 state after 4f125d1 excitation. Surprisingly, the feeding time becomes longer from Cl→Br→I, while the related 4f125d1-4f13 energy gap becomes smaller. The temperature dependence of the 4f125d1→4f13 and 4f13→4f13 emission intensity shows a anticorrelation as earlier observed in other systems and confirms that the feeding process is thermally stimulated. However, the thermally stimulated activation energies that control the feeding process, increase from Cl→Br→I despite our observation that the 4f125d1-4f13 energy gap becomes smaller. An analysis reveals that the unexpected behaviour in risetime and activation energy, as a function of composition, cannot be explained by 4f125d1→4f13 feeding via interband crossing, but more likely via MPR where the electron–phonon coupling strength decreases from Cl→Br→I. No strong relation was found between composition and the quantum efficiency (QE) of the 4f13→4f13 emission, due to the presence of fluctuations that are likely caused by intrinsic differences in sample quality. Nevertheless, a 4f13→4f13 QE of up to 70% has been observed and the materials can therefore be used in luminescence solar concentrators.
Study of structural and magnetic properties for the magnetic system Ba0.2Sr0.8Fe12O19 nanoparticle powder via chemical coprecipitation method

The present work is an experimental study and interested in hexaferrite samples preparation of the system Ba0.2Sr0. 8Fe12O19 nanoparticle powder by chemical coprecipitation method used to prepare fine nanoparticles. The structural properties of this system have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and were found the average grain size to be (33.685)nm. Magnetic properties were calculated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), it was the results proved that the saturation magnetization reaches to (85.633)emu/gr and the residual magnetization is (39.342)emu/gr. The coercivity of (4665.909)Oe is also observed. The hysteresis loop was studied and shown that, this system of hard ferrite materials.
Characteristics of Ar Plasma Jet Generated by 50 Hz Alternating Current

Plasma jet generated by dielectric barrier discharge system has gain importance in surface modification processes. Characteristics of plasma of the plasma jet depend on type of gas, flow rate of gas, design of electrodes, power and frequency of the power source. In this research, the argon gas is flowed through a hollow tube is investigated. Alternating high voltage power supply connected to electrodes is operated with frequency of 50 Hz. It was found that the lengths of the plasma jet generated by this system ranges from 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The minimum and the maximum electron temperature of the plasma was 0.44 eV and 0.86 eV respectively. The electron temperature increased as the applied voltage was increased. However, the electron temperature decreased when the operating voltage was increased above 6.5 kV to 7.5 kV. It can be explained by the effect of arcing between the electrodes which causes the lost in energy. Also, increasing of the flow rate over a critical limit produces turbulence that also causes reduction in electron temperature of the plasma jet.
The stress and strain analysis double-layer and eight-leaf backward curved impeller disc agitator

The mixing wing’s stress and strain value of the structure in the mixing equipment needs to be studied and discussed. The research is uses the FLUENT module to simulate the flow field state in the rotating operation of the mixing tank, the stress and strain of the mixing blade, and the modal analysis of the predicted resonance frequency. First, Fluent is uses simulate the shape of the flow field inside the stirred tank. Situation of different speeds, the deformation state of the stress, strain and total displacement of the stirring wing assembly is obtained to achieve the ANSYS fluid-solid coupling effect analysis. Finally, predict the modal appearance and failure points of the simulated stirring wing assembly at different resonance frequencies. After analysis, the rotation speed of the stirring wing is increases, it must be subjected to the centrifugal force of fluid distribution, vortex gravitation, and up and down convection agitation. The total displacement and deformation of the rigid structure of the stirring wing can be obtained. The equivalent stress and strain also adopt a progressive linear growth phenomenon.
Simulation of Charge Sensitive Preamplifier to improve Nuclear Pulse detecting using Multisim Software

Simulation of Charge Sensitive Preamplifier (CSP) to improve Nuclear Pulse detecting Circuit has been carried on Multisim Software. Multisim Software is a great software that creates the best user-friendly simulation environment for professors, engineers, and students. We can simulate electronic circuits and build prototypes for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). In this paper, we have simulated CSP Circuit in two ways. Firstly, by using a pulsed voltage source. Secondly, by using a waveform generator. We have analyzed the behavior of the CSP Circuit with various rise times. The output waveforms have been observed on the oscilloscope.
Development of a persistent-mode NMR magnet with superconducting joints between high-temperature superconductors

This paper describes the first persistent-mode medium magnetic field (400 MHz; 9.39 T) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet which uses superconducting joints between high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). As the ultimate goal, we aim to develop a high-resolution 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) NMR magnet operated in the persistent-mode. The magnet requires superconducting joints between HTSs and those between an HTS and a low-temperature superconductor (LTS). Towards this goal, we have been developing persistent-mode HTS inner coils to be operated in a 400 MHz (9.39 T) NMR magnet and here we present the first prototype inner coil wound with a single piece (RE = rare earth)Ba2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) conductor. The coil and a REBCO persistent current switch are connected with intermediate grown superconducting joints with high critical currents in external magnetic fields. To evaluate the performance of the joints in an ultimately stable and homogeneous magnetic field, the coil is operated in the persistent-mode, generating 0.1 T, in a 9.3 T background magnetic field of a persistent-mode LTS outer coil. The magnetic field drift over two years of the 400 MHz LTS/REBCO NMR magnet is as small as ∼1 ppm, giving high-resolution NMR spectra. The magnetic field drift rate over the second year was 0.03 × 10−3 ppm h−1, which is more than three orders of magnitude smaller than that required for an NMR magnet, demonstrating that the superconducting joints function satisfactorily in a high-resolution NMR system. The corresponding joint resistance is inferred to be <10−14 Ω.
Gas-sensing performance enhancement in ZnS/polymer films by homogenous morphology surface

The ZnS/polymer films have been successfully prepared by casting technique with different thickness (10,12,13.5 and 14 ) and to carry out a comprehensive study of their gas detection performance. All the different ZnS polymer films thickness demonstrates excellent selectivity and accuracy and stability. ZnS- doped PMMA films show higher sensitivity to ethanol vapors. Further, the films show fast response and recovery to methanol and methanol vapors at higher operating temperatures. The methanol-ethanol sensing mechanism of the film has been explained.
Children ’ s Literature according to

Although different aspects of Fernando de Azevedo's work and career (1894-1974) have been the object of studies that show his decisive contributions to sociology, education and culture in Brazil, his reflections on children's literature remain unexplored. In order to contribute to the understanding of this aspect of this eminent Brazilian intellectual’s work, this paper analyzes the textual configuration of the essay “A literatura infantil numa perspectiva sociológica” [Children’s literature from a sociological perspective], published in 1952 in the Sociologia journal, of the São Paulo School of Sociology and Politics, and republished in the 3 edition, 1953, of the book A educação e seus problemas [Education and its problems] (Melhoramentos). This analysis is based on the hypothesis that there is a relationship between this essay and the (political) project of educational renewal in Brazil and the history of Brazilian sociology, education and production on children's literature, in which the essay is considered a classic.
Optical and Electrical Properties of the films of ALTiO2 prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

In the present work, ALTiO2 thin films were deposit On a glass substrate by using a DC magnetron sputtering at varying currents (170,180,200) mA. The thickness of ALTiO2 thin films was calculated using an optical interferometer system that used a He-Ne laser with a wavelength λ of (632.8)nm. The thickness of the thin films was (340,162,129) nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to investigate optical properties. The wavelength spectrum between (300 -1000)nm was used to record the absorption and transmittance spectra of ALTiO2 thin films. With increasing thickness and currents, the optical band gap decreases from (3.2 to 1.9) ev. The electrical properties indicate that as the ALTiO2 film thickness increases (340,162,129) nm respectively (1.19 to 9.84) the resistivity decreases
Construction of ion selective membrane electrodes for the potentiometric determination of enalapril maleate in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations.

Two novel enalapril maleate (ENM) ion selective electrodes were constructed and used for the determination of ENM in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The electrodes were based on the use of the ion association complexes of either phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as anions with Enalapril cation in a PVC matrix plasticizers with di-butyl phthalate (DBP). The results of these electrodes showed stability (life time 33 and 51 days), near Nernstian response (slope 57.2 and 52.2 mV/decade ), low detection limit (1.3×10 and 4.2×10 M ) for DBP-ENM-PTA and DBP-ENM-PMA electrodes respectively. For both electrodes the best concentration for internal filling solution was 1×10 M ENM and the linear range was 1×101×10 M. The electrodes were found to be usable within the pH range 2.2 – 3.8 and 2.5 – 3.0 for the above mentioned electrodes. This study also included the measurements of selectivity of these electrodes in the presence of common cations, anions and some drug excipients. The KPot J , i found to be less than 1. The electrodes were successfully applied for determination of ENM in pure form and in tablet pharmaceutical preparation with recovery of not less than 98 %.
Metal-insulator transition in Cr-doped hollandite vanadate K2V8O16

The hollandite K2V8O16 is a metal with ferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the high temperature (tetragonal I4/m) phase and encounters metal-insulator transition (MIT) at 170 K. The mechanism behind the MIT is still controversial due to inadequate information on the electronic structure. Furthermore, substitution of Rb for K or Ti for V increases the transition temperature. We have investigated whether break in the mirror symmetry is responsible for the insulating ground state of K2V8O16 and since the Cr counterpart is a robust ferromagnet, whether Cr doping which leads to break in mirror symmetry can help in driving a gap. We find that both 25% and 75% Cr doping break the mirror symmetry but only the former leads to an insulating ground state. Ferromagnetism (FM) remains intact in the insulating phase of K2V6Cr2O16. The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of pure and doped K2V8O16 were investigated within first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Electron correlation suppresses orbital fluctuations between the partially occupied Cr and V-3dt2g states. Consequently, transfer of charge (electron) from V-3d to Cr-3dt2g states is observed which facilitates Cr3+-V4+ charge ordering. Furthermore, Peierls like structural distortion is associated to the breaking of mirror symmetry in the Cr-V rectangular four chain columns within the crystal. Therefore, the simultaneous effect of Peierls instability, charge ordering and Coulomb correlation is responsible for the MIT in K2V6Cr2O16. Besides, Cr-3d O-2p hybridization and Cr-O coupling increases with Cr doping. These two effects are cooperatively responsible for the observed FM in insulating K2V6Cr2O16. More interestingly, the strength of FM is augmented with Cr concentration in K2V8O16.
A Game of Life is a cellular automaton designed in 1970 by the mathematician

A Game of Life is a cellular automaton designed in 1970 by the mathematician John H. Conway [1]. According to its original formulation, it consists of a squared grid of cells that can exist in two states: dead or alive, which constitute the population. The population at a given time is also called a generation. A generation G evolves according to a simple set of rules, which are applied simultaneously to every cell:
Evaluation of the natural radioactivity of samples of some types of field crops in different areas of Tikrit, Iraq.

This study aims to assess the concentrations of natural radionuclides activity (226Ra,232Th and 40K) and calculate a number of radiation risk indicators in some types of field crops in different areas of Tikrit City - Salah Al-Din Governorate - Iraq. The measurement was carried out using a gamma ray spectroscopy connected with a scintillation detector crystallized with thallium-activated sodium iodide NaI(TI). The results were that t 0……he mean concentrations of elements (226Ra,232Th and 40K) wer (6.79±0.33 1Bq/Kg,10.79 ± 0.640 Bq/Kg, 133.34± 5.895 Bq/Kg), respectively. And the radiation risk indicators were less than the international permissible and the recommended average, so that the samples under study are safe and suitable for human and animal consumption.
Synthesis and spectral characterization of new azo dye derived from benzimidazole and its complexation with selected transition metal ions

The preparation and spectral characterisation of 2-[6-(benzimidazolylazo)] as an organic heterocyclic azo dye compound containing benzimidazole. The reaction of benzimidazole diazoniumbromid with 2,4-dibromo phenol in alkaline alcoholic solution yielded -2,4-dibromo phenol (BIADBrP). Spectral analyses have been used to study the structure of the azo dye ligand such as H1NMR, mass spectrum,IR, UV-Vis and element analysis. New six complexes with CO(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions were prepared and identification by several physiochemical techniques; such as C.H. N element, magnatic susceptibility, atom absorption, molar conductivity, IR and electronic spectra. The used techniques showed the formation of all complexes 1:2 [M:L] complexes and suggested octahedral geometry with d2sp3 hybridization of Co(III) and sp3d2 with residulechelat complexes. The coordination number of the metal ion is found to be six with binding through the phenolate O, azo N3 and with the imidazole N3 atom. The stability, geometrical, and electrical features of metal complexes have also been studied theoretically. The energy levels of the ligand and metal complexes’ high occupied molecular orbital HOMO and low unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO were used to compute electrochemical potential, electrophilicity index, and chemical hardness.
Reduction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and obesity is a major risk factor which increases morbidity and mortality of CVDs. Lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet control, physical exercise and behavioral changes) have been the first-line managements of obesity for decades. Nonetheless, when such interventions fail, pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery are considered. Interestingly, a sudden weight loss (e.g., due to bariatric surgery) could also increase mortality (i.e., obesity paradox). Thus, it remains unclear whether the bariatric-surgery-associated weight reduction in patients with obesity and CVDs is beneficial for the reduction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). Here, we performed a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of published studies comparing the MACE in patients with obesity and CVDs underwent bariatric surgery with control patients (no surgery). Studies data, including odds ratio (OR), were pooled and analyzed in a meta-analysis using a random effect model. Ten studies with a total of 1,772,305 patients, consisted of 74,042 patients underwent any form of bariatric surgery and 1,698,263 patients with no-surgery, were included in the meta-analysis. A random effect model was employed for analysis and showed that bariatric surgery group had significantly lower odds of MACE as compared to no surgery (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.40-0.60; p<0.00001; I2=93%), suggesting the benefit of bariatric surgery in reducing the occurrence of MACE in obese patients with CVDs.
Social relationships and activities following elimination of SARS-CoV-2: a qualitative cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives To investigate how successfully SARS-CoV-2 elimination strategies fulfil their promise of allowing a return to a "normal" social life, and to identify obstacles and challenges that may inhibit the realisation of this goal. Design Qualitative cross-sectional survey. Setting New Zealand community cohort. Participants 1040 respondents entered the study (18-90 years, M = 48.18.11, SD = 15.52, 76% women). 966 completed the questions relevant to this article. Participants were recruited via online advertisement campaigns designed to maximise variation in the sample as far as practicably possible. Main outcome measures Thematic analysis of participants' narratives. Results A majority of participants reported that the elimination of SARS-CoV-2 had allowed their life to go back to being "more or less the same" as before the pandemic. A small number indicated the pandemic had inspired them to become more social following elimination. Nevertheless, a sizeable minority of respondents reported being less social, even many months after SARS-CoV-2 had been eliminated. This was often because of fears that the virus might be circulating undetected, or because the March-May 2020 lockdown had led to changes in relationships and personal habits that were not easily reversed. Becoming less social was associated with having an underlying health condition that heightened one's vulnerability to COVID-19 (p = 0.00005) and older age (p = 0.007). Conclusions Elimination strategies can successfully allow the public to return to a pre-pandemic "normal" - or reinvent and improve their social lives should they wish. However, such outcomes are not inevitable. Re-establishing social connections after elimination can sometimes be a challenging process, with which people may need support. Plans for providing such support should be an integral part of elimination strategies.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Metal / Molten Alkali Carbonate Interfaces

Neutral and charged interfaces between molten alkali carbonates M2CO3 (M = Li, Na, and K) and planar solid walls have been investigated by molecular dynamics based on a rigid-ions force field. Simulations cover the temperature range 1200 K ≤ T ≤ 1500 K at a moderate (∼15 kbar) overpressure to compensate for the slight overestimate of the system volume by the force field model. The results provide an intriguing view of the interplay among ion packing, oscillating screening, anisotropic correlations, and ion dynamics at the interface. The mass and charge density profiles display prominent peaks at contact, and tend to their constant bulk value through several oscillations, whose amplitude decays exponentially moving away from the interface. Oscillations in the charge density profile extend screening to longer distances and limit the capacitance of the interface. Ion–ion correlations are enhanced in proximity of the interface but retain the exponentially decaying oscillatory form of their bulk counterpart. D.
Drivers of exit and outcomes for Thoroughbred racehorses participating in the 2017–2018 Australian racing season

The destinations of Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses exiting the racing industry is a high-profile issue with ethical and welfare implications of interest to both animal welfare groups and racing regulators. This cross-sectional study investigated the reasons that TBs temporarily or permanently exited racing and training in Australia in the 2017–2018 racing season and the outcomes for these horses post-racing. An online questionnaire was sent to the last registered trainers of a representative sample of 2,509 ‘inactive’ TBs. Inactive horses were defined as those horses that were recorded as ‘active’ but had not trialled or raced in the last 6 months of the racing season or had an inactive status recorded in the Racing Australia database. Of the 1,750 responses received, the largest group of inactive TBs had permanently exited the racing industry (45% retired, 5.3% deceased). A relatively large group exited racing temporarily (43%) but participated in the racing industry in the following season. The reasons for retirement were predominantly voluntary, such as poor performance or owner’s request. Almost one third of retirements were due to injuries with tendon or ligament problems the most frequently conditions listed. The median age at retirement was five (Q1 4; Q3 7) years. Extrapolation of the survey results to the population of horses racing or training in Australia in 2017–2018 (n = 37,750) show that that 17% of the population retire each year and 2.1% die. These estimates provide benchmarks for industry and animal welfare organisations to resource and measure the effectiveness of interventions.