Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovative pain management solutions in animals may provide improved wound pain reduction during debridement in humans: An opinion informed by veterinary literature

Painful animal husbandry procedures are routinely performed in a range of livestock species without analgesia. Recently, innovative strategies have been developed to address wound pain in these animals. In particular, a farmer‐applied “spray and stay” approach that is administered directly to open wounds was developed (Tri‐Solfen® Medical Ethics Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia). This strategy anaesthetises the wounds immediately upon their formation, with long‐lasting effect. This development, described as a “pain management revolution,” has become firmly established in the Australian livestock industries and has global potential. The positive outcomes of this approach provide insights and highlight potential benefits that may be accrued from its use in human wound care, providing rapid‐onset wound analgesia and/or anaesthetising wounds prior to cleansing and debridement procedures. If these benefits are realised from a clinician and patient perspective for wound debridement as an initial indication, it could provide new horizons in pain management for a spectrum of wound‐related procedures. Evidence from use in animal husbandry does support the concept that multimodal anaesthesia holds great potential in the field of wound management across many procedures.
Downregulation of microRNA‐214 improves therapeutic potential of allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell by targeting PIM‐1 in rats with acute liver failure

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease resulted from diverse etiology, which generally leads to a rapid degenerated hepatic function. However, transplantation bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has been suggested to relieve ALF. Interestingly, microRNA‐214 (miR‐214) could potentially regulate differentiation and migration of BMSCs. The present study aims to inquire whether miR‐214 affects therapeutic potential of BMSCs transplantation by targeting PIM‐1 in ALF. 120 male Wistar rats were induced as ALF model rats and transplanted with BMSCs post‐alteration of miR‐214 or PIM‐1 expression. Further experiments were performed to detect biochemical index (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin [TBiL]), and expression of miR‐214, PIM‐1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in rat serum. Apart from the above detection, apoptosis of hepatocytes and Ki67 protein expression in hepatic tissues of rats were additionally assessed. After BMSCs transplantation with miR‐214 inhibition, a decreased expression of ALT, AST, and TBiL yet an increased expression of HGF was shown, coupled with a decline in the expression of caspase 3, TNF‐α, and IL‐10. Meanwhile, alleviated hepatic injury and decreased apoptotic index of hepatic cells were observed and the positive rate of Ki67 protein expression was significantly increased. Moreover, miR‐214 and caspase 3, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 decreased notably, while PIM‐1 was upregulated in response to miR‐214 inhibition. Strikingly, the inhibition of PIM‐1 reversed effects triggered by miR‐214 inhibition. These findings indicated that downregulation of miR‐214 improves therapeutic potential of BMSCs transplantation by upregulating PIM‐1 for ALF.
High-Resolution Protein 3D Structure Determination in Living Eukaryotic Cells.

Proteins in living cells interact specifically or nonspecifically with an enormous number of biomolecules. To understand the behavior of proteins under intracellular crowding conditions, it is indispensable to observe their three-dimensional (3D) structures at the atomic level in a physiologically natural environment. We demonstrate the first de novo protein structure determinations in eukaryotes with the sf9 cell/baculovirus system using NMR data from living cells exclusively. The method was applied to five proteins, rat calmodulin, human HRas, human ubiquitin, T. thermophilus HB8 TTHA1718, and Streptococcus protein G B1 domain. In all cases, we could obtain structural information from well-resolved in-cell 3D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) data, suggesting that our method can be a standard tool for protein structure determinations in living eukaryotic cells. For three proteins, we achieved well-converged 3D structures. Among these, the in-cell structure of protein G B1 domain was most accurately determined, demonstrating that a helix-loop region is tilted away from a β-sheet compared to the conformation in diluted solution.
Student Learning: The Influence of Instructor and Student Confirmation, Classroom Connectedness, and Self-Efficacy

Previous research demonstrated the importance of a healthy instructional environment characterized by institutional support and positivity for student learning. Furthermore, classroom climate is impacted by the qualities of the students and the other individuals in the classroom. Accordingly, the goal of this article was to investigate the independent and collective influence of instructor and student confirmation (i.e., communication of value and significance), classroom connectedness (i.e., perceptions of support and cooperation), and self-efficacy (i.e., beliefs about personal capabilities) on student learning. Three hundred and fifty-five students provided responses to measures of instructor confirmation, student confirmation, classroom connectedness, self-efficacy, and learning. Results indicated that classroom connectedness mediated the associations between instructor and student confirmation, and learning. In addition, self-efficacy moderated the association between classroom connectedness and learning.
Complete Genome Sequence of Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain ZJ/ZX2018-C10, Isolated in Zhejiang, China, in 2018

We report here the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain ZJ/ZX2018-C10, isolated from infected piglets in Zhejiang Province, China. The genome sequence was highly similar to AH2012, a highly virulent Chinese PEDV strain. ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain ZJ/ZX2018-C10, isolated from infected piglets in Zhejiang Province, China. The genome sequence was highly similar to AH2012, a highly virulent Chinese PEDV strain. It will help in understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of PEDV in China.
Effects of a compound vitamin B mixture in combination with GeneTime® on radiation-induced oral mucositis

Objective Both compound vitamin B mixtures and GeneTime® have been used in treatment of oral inflammation. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of a compound vitamin B mixture combined with GeneTime® on radiation-induced oral mucositis. Methods A total of 100 patients with radiation-induced oral mucositis were randomly divided into a control group (vitamin B alone; n = 50 patients) and an observation group (vitamin B plus GeneTime®, n = 50 patients). Clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups for the following 3 weeks. Results The observation group had a significantly greater number of grade 0–I patients and significantly fewer grade II–IV patients than the control group. Among patients in the observation group, a significantly greater number of ulcers healed within 1–2 weeks, compared with those in patients in the control group. Significantly fewer ulcers healed among patients in the observation group at 3 weeks; notably, there were fewer ulcers to heal in the observation group, compared with the control group. Conclusions Use of a compound vitamin B mixture combined with GeneTime® exerted obvious therapeutic effects on radiation-induced oral mucositis and markedly shortened ulcer healing time. Therefore, this strategy may be useful in clinical applications.
Heat‐stress induced flowering can be a potential adaptive response to ocean warming for the iconic seagrass Posidonia oceanica

The Mediterranean Sea is particularly vulnerable to warming and the abrupt declines experienced by the endemic Posidonia oceanica populations after recent heatwaves have forecasted severe consequences for the ecological functions and socio‐economical services this habitat forming species provides. Nevertheless, this highly clonal and long‐lived species could be more resilient to warming than commonly thought since heat‐sensitive plants massively bloomed after a simulated heatwave, which provides the species with an opportunity to adapt to climate change. Taking advantage of this unexpected plant response, we investigated for the first time the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in seagrass flowering through the transcriptomic analysis of bloomed plants. We also aimed to identify if flowering is a stress‐induced response as suggested from the fact that heat‐sensitive but not heat‐tolerant plants flowered. The transcriptomic profiles of flowered plants showed a strong metabolic activation of sugars and hormones and indications of an active transport of these solutes within the plant, most likely to induce flower initiation in the apical meristem. Preflowered plants also activated numerous epigenetic‐related genes commonly used by plants to regulate the expression of key floral genes and stress‐tolerance genes, which could be interpreted as a mechanism to survive and optimize reproductive success under stress conditions. Furthermore, these plants provided numerous molecular clues suggesting that the factor responsible for the massive flowering of plants from cold environments (heat‐sensitive) can be considered as a stress. Heat‐stress induced flowering may thus be regarded as an ultimate response to survive extreme warming events with potential adaptive consequences for the species. Fitness implications of this unexpected stress‐response and the potential consequences on the phenotypic plasticity (acclimation) and evolutionary (adaptation) opportunity of the species to ocean warming are finally discussed.
Economic Evaluation of a Pilot School–Based Dental Checkup Program

The objectives of this study were to perform an economic evaluation of a targeted school-based dental checkup program in northern metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria. A 12-mo retrospective case-control cohort analysis using the decision tree method evaluated the incremental cost-utility and cost-effectiveness ratio (ICUR/ICER) for passive standard care dental services and an outreach pilot intervention completed in 2013. A societal perspective was adopted. A total of 273 children (n = 273) aged between 3 and 12 y met the inclusion/exclusion criteria: 128 in the standard care group and 145 in the intervention group. The total society costs included health sector costs, patient/family costs, and productivity losses in 2014 Australian dollars. Outcome measures were evaluated using quality-adjusted tooth years (QATY) and the combined deciduous and permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth prevented (DMFT-prevented). A generic outcome variable was created to determine the impact of the intervention to reach underserved populations based on government concession eligibility (cardholder status). Uncertainties were incorporated using 95% confidence intervals. The mean total society cost per child is $463 and $291 (P = 0.002), QATY utility difference is 0.283 and 0.293 (P = 0.937), effectiveness difference is 0.16 and 0.10 (P = 0.756), and cardholder status is 50.0% and 66.2% (P = 0.007), respectively, for the standard care and intervention groups. On average per child, there was a cost saving of $172 and improvement of 0.01 QATY, with an additional proportion of 16.2% of cardholder children reached. The calculated ICER was $3,252 per DMFT-prevented. The intervention dominates standard care for QATY and per 1% cardholder reached outcome measures. Our study found the pilot checkup program was largely less costly and more effective compared with the current standard care. Further research is needed to quantify the value of outreach interventions to prevent dental caries development and progression in populations from low socioeconomic status. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this research demonstrated that an outreach dental program can be less costly and more effective than standard models of dental care. It showed that a school-based dental checkup program is beneficial despite other opinions that dental screening is ineffective as a method to improve public dental health. There is fiscal economic evidence to support broader expansion of similar programs locally and internationally to reduce dental caries for children from low-income families.
Feeding modes shape the acquisition and structure of the initial gut microbiota in newborn lambs

Summary Early gut microbial colonization is important for postnatal metabolic and immune development. However, little is known about the effects of different feeding modes (suckling versus bottle‐feeding) or microbial sources on this process in farm animals. We found that suckled and bottle‐fed newborn lambs had their own distinct gut microbiota. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR showed that, compared with suckling, bottle feeding significantly increased the abundances of Escherichia/Shigella, Butyricicoccus, and Clostridium XlVa, while significantly decreased the abundance of Clostridium XI. The higher levels of Escherichia/Shigella in bottle‐fed lambs suggest that artificial feeding may increase the number of potential pathogens and delay the establishment of the anaerobic environment and anaerobic microbes. Feeding modes also affected the direct transmission of bacteria from the mother and the environment to newborns. The SourceTracker analysis estimated that the early gut microbes of suckled lambs were mainly derived from the mother's teats (43%) and ambient air (28%); whereas those of bottle‐fed lambs were dominated by bacteria from the mother's vagina (46%), ambient air (31%), and the sheep pen floor (12%). These findings advance our understanding of gut microbiota in early life and may help design techniques to improve gut microbiota and health.
Axl-mediated activation of TBK1 drives epithelial plasticity in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by an activating mutation in KRAS, which is critical for the biology of PDA progression. Direct inhibition of KRAS through pharmacological means remains a challenge; however, targeting key KRAS effectors has therapeutic potential. We investigated the contribution of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a critical downstream effector of mutant active KRAS, to PDA progression. We report that higher levels of TBK1 mRNA are associated with poorer overall survival in human PDA patients and that TBK1 supports the growth and metastasis of KRAS-mutant PDA by driving an epithelial plasticity program in tumor cells that enhances invasive and metastatic capacity. Further, we identify that the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl induces TBK1 activity in a Ras-RalB-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that TBK1 is central to an Axl-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition in KRAS-mutant PDA and suggest that interruption of the Axl-TBK1 signaling cascade above or below KRAS has potential therapeutic efficacy in this recalcitrant disease.
Itch in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.

1https://www.medicaljournals. se/acta/content/abstract/10.2340/00015555-3187 Itch is a common and distressing symptom occurring not only in dermatological conditions but also in chronic systemic diseases (1). In heart failure (HF) – which is a complex clinical syndrome – underlying pathophysiologies, course of the disease, coexisting comorbidities and medications – all tend to predispose patients to developing itch (2–5). Only a few studies investigated the occurrence of itch in HF, reporting a wide prevalence ranging from 10–40% (2–5). However, these studies used inconsistent definitions and different tools for itch evaluation, and included heterogeneous HF populations (2–5). Therefore, we set-up the prospective study among patients with acute HF, using standardized methods for itch assessment in order to investigate the prevalence of itch and explore the potential underlying causes.
Classification of Epileptic Seizure EEG Based on Fully Connected Neural Network

This paper proposes a method to classify epileptic seizure EEG and normal EEG using Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN). Wavelet transform (WT) was used in the first step to extract features to be used in FCNN. In the second step, 24 features were extracted from the wavelet coefficients generated in the first step using a frequency distribution and a frequency variation. FCNN showed a classification performance of 99.99% when classifying epileptic seizure EEG and normal EEG using these 24 features.
The evaluation of COD fractionation and modeling as a key factor for appropriate optimization and monitoring of modern cost-effective activated sludge systems

Abstract A study was conducted to characterize the raw wastewater entering a modern cost effective municipal WWTP in Poland using two approaches; 1) a combination of modeling and carbonaceous oxygen demand (COD) fractionation using respirometric test coupled with model estimation (RT-ME) and 2) flocculation/filtration COD fractionation method combined with BOD measurements (FF-BOD). It was observed that the particulate fractions of COD obtained using FF-BOD method was higher than those estimated by RT-ME approach. Contrary to the above, the values of inert soluble fraction evaluated by FF-BOD method was significantly lower than RT-ME approach (2.4% and 3.9% respectively). Furthermore, the values for low colloidal and particulate fractions as well as soluble inert fractions were different than expected from a typical municipal wastewater. These observations suggest that even at low load (10% of the total wastewater treatment inflow), the industrial wastewater composition can significantly affect the characteristics of municipal wastewater which could also affect the performance and accuracy of respirometric tests. Therefore, in such cases, comparison of the respirometric tests with flocculation/filtration COD/BOD measurements are recommended. Oxygen uptake rate profile with settled wastewater and/or after coagulation-flocculation, however, could still be recommended as a “rapid” control method for monitoring/optimising modern cost-effective wastewater treatment plants.
Space and Shelter Requirement of Nymphs in the Mass-Rearing of the Edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Abstract The ability to mass-rear insects in high densities is a precondition for the edible insect industry but the space requirement has to be determined specifically for each species. Mass-rearing methods for Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), one of the most consumed edible insect species in East Africa, are currently lacking. Though, these methods are urgently needed to enhance the food security in the region and to reduce the pressure on the wild populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effect of rearing density and rearing environment on the survival of R. differens nymphs. We conducted two experiments; in Experiment 1 we used small 0.15-liter rearing containers and in Experiment 2, larger 0.75-liter containers. The rearing densities ranged from 4 to 300 individuals per liter and we used three different rearing environments (‘net’, ‘spikes’, and ‘oat sprouts’). We found that the survival of R. differens nymphs is strongly density-dependent. The suitable rearing density for young R. differens nymphs should be ≤36 nymphs per liter, as in higher densities the mortality of nymphs increases rapidly over the course of time. With rearing densities ≤36 nymphs per liter, a survival rate of 60% can be expected up to 28 d after rearing. The studied environments only had a minor effect on the survival. These results create the basis for the efforts to upscale the rearing of R. differens in the future.
An Exploratory Study of Endogenous Pain Modulatory Function in Patients Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

BACKGROUND Recent animal research suggests that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) facilitates abnormal endogenous modulation of pain, potentially underlying the increased risk for persistent headaches following injury. However, no human studies have directly assessed the functioning of endogenous facilitory and inhibitory systems in the early stages after an mTBI. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine trigeminal sensitization and endogenous pain inhibitory capacity in mTBI patients in the acute stage of injury compared with matched controls. We also examined whether post-traumatic headache pain intensity within the mTBI sample was related to sensitization and pain inhibitory capacity. METHODS Twenty-four mTBI patients recruited from emergency departments and 21 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls completed one experimental session. During this session, participants completed quantitative sensory tests measuring trigeminal sensitization (pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation of pain in the head) and endogenous pain inhibition (conditioned pain modulation). Participants also completed validated questionnaires measuring headache pain, depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing. RESULTS The results revealed that the mTBI group exhibited significantly decreased pressure pain thresholds of the head and decreased pain inhibition on the conditioned pain modulation test compared with the control group. Furthermore, correlational analysis showed that the measures of trigeminal sensitization and depression were significantly associated with headache pain intensity within the mTBI group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, mTBI patients may be at risk for maladaptive changes to the functioning of endogenous pain modulatory systems following head injury that could increase risk for post-traumatic headaches.
Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Paenibacillus and Bacillus sp. Strains Isolated from Healthy Tomato Plants and Rhizosphere Soil

In order to investigate the underlying interaction mechanisms between plants and Gram-positive bacteria, 10 Paenibacillus and Bacillus strains were isolated from healthy tomato rhizosphere and plant tissues. ABSTRACT In order to investigate the underlying interaction mechanisms between plants and Gram-positive bacteria, 10 Paenibacillus and Bacillus strains were isolated from healthy tomato rhizosphere and plant tissues.