Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Material: Knowledge Distillation Meets Self-Supervision

We adopt resnet [6], ResNet [6], WideResNet [18], MobileNet [9], vgg [15] and ShuffleNet [16,20] as the network backbones. For resnet, We use resnet-d to represent CIFAR-style resnet with three groups of basic blocks, each with 16, 32 and 64 channels, respectively. resnet8×4 and resnet32×4 indicate a 4× wider network (with 64, 128 and 256 channels for each block). For ResNet, ResNet-d represents ImageNet-style ResNet with Bottleneck blocks and more channels. For WideResNet (wrn), wrn-d-w represents wide ResNet with depth d and width factor w. For MobileNet, following [17], we use a width multiplier of 0.5. For vgg, ShuffleNetV1 and ShuffleNetV2, we adapt their architectures to CIFAR100 [12] dataset from their original ImageNet [4] counterparts.
Learning Bayesian Networks with Cops and Robbers

Constraint-based methods for learning structures of Bayesian networks are based on testing conditional independencies between variables and constructing a structure that expresses the same conditional independencies as indicated by the tests. We present a constraint-based algorithm that learns the structure of a Bayesian network by simulating a cops-and-a-robber game. The algo-rithm is designed for learning structures of low treewidth distributions and in such case it conducts conditional independence tests only with small conditioning sets.
Efficient Heuristic Search for M-Modes Inference

M-Modes is the problem of ﬁnding the top M locally optimal solutions of a graphical model, called modes. These modes provide geometric characterization of the energy landscape of a graphical model and lead to high quality solutions in structured prediction. It has been shown that any mode must be a local MAP within every subgraph of certain size. The state-of-the-art method is a search algorithm that explores subgraphs in a ﬁxed ordering, uses each subgraph as a layer and searches for a consistent concatenation of local MAPs. We observe that for the M-Modes problem, different search orderings can lead to search spaces with dramatically different sizes, resulting in huge differences in performance. We formalize a metric measuring the quality of different orderings. We then formulate ﬁnding an optimized ordering as a shortest path problem, and introduce pruning criteria to speed up the search. Our empirical results show that using optimized orderings improves the efﬁciency of M-Modes search by up to orders of magnitude.
Functional Descriptors for Object Affordances

—In the context of robot learning from demonstration, it is very important that a robot understands what an object can be used for. By observing a human performing an activity, a robot should be able to identify the human motion, the objects involved and the outcome of the performed activity. One important aspect of this challenging problem is to detect and reason about objects in terms of affordance or alternatively, about their function in the current activity. Affordance is often modeled in terms of appearance however appearance does not necessarily map one-to-one with functional classes. In this paper we propose two alternative features that characterize objects directly in terms of how they are used. Our approach show a signiﬁcant improvement compared to the traditional appearance based methods.
Speculation Invariance (InvarSpec): Faster Safe Execution Through Program Analysis

Many hardware-based defense schemes against speculative execution attacks use special mechanisms to protect instructions while speculative, and lift the mechanisms when the instructions turn non-speculative. In this paper, we observe that speculative instructions can sometimes become Speculation Invariant before turning non-speculative. Speculation invariance means that (i) whether the instruction will execute and (ii) the instruction’s operands are not a function of speculative state. Hence, we propose to lift the protection mechanisms on these instructions early, when they become speculation invariant, and issue them without protection. As a result, we improve the performance of the defense schemes without changing their security properties.To exploit speculation invariance, we present the InvarSpec framework. InvarSpec includes a program analysis pass that identifies, for each relevant instruction i, the set of older instructions that are Safe for i—i.e., those that do not prevent i from becoming speculation invariant. At runtime, the InvarSpec micro-architecture loads this information and uses it to determine when speculative instructions can be issued without protection. InvarSpec is one of the first defense schemes for speculative execution that combines cooperative compiler and hardware mechanisms. Our evaluation shows that InvarSpec effectively reduces the execution overhead of hardware defense schemes. For example, on SPEC17, it reduces the average execution overhead of fence protections from 195.3% to 108.2%, of Delay-On-Miss from 39.5% to 24.4%, and of InvisiSpec from 15.4% to 10.9%.
Themed Section: Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery

Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Correspondence Yong Ji, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China. E-mail: yongji@njmu.edu. cn Hongliang Li, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China. E-mail: lihl@whu.edu. cn
Effect of processing on the protection of highly degradable protein sources in steers

The effect of heat treatment (125°C for 3 m), formaldehyde treatment (3.4g /100 g CP) or extrusion cooking on the protein disappearance and the effective protein degradability (EPD) of protein sources such as babul seed meal, coconut cake, dried poultry waste, guar meal, mustard cake, rape seed meal and tobacco seed cake in the rumen was studied by nylon bag technique using 4 fistulated steers fed at maintenance ration. Formaldehyde treatment was highly effective in reducing the EPD of babul seed meal, mustard cake, rape seed meal and tobacco seed cake. Heat treatment was effective in protecting the protein of rape seed meal, mustard cake and coconut cake. The effect of extrusion cooking in reducing EPD was low (5.96%) as compared to 31.8% in heat treatment and 39.2% in formaldehyde treatment. The dried poultry waste and guar meal were found to be resistant to different processing methods employed. Method of processing did not influence the nitrogen content of protein sources as there was no loss or gain in nitrogen content due to processing.
The choice to report cycling crashes in Denmark : the role of attitudes , norms and perceived difficulty

This study explores the behavioral factors underlying the reporting intentions of cycling accidents. The proposed analytical framework is an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), accounting for the linkage between attitudes and the perceived difficulties, in order to understand the barriers impeding cycling accident reporting intentions. The barriers consist of attitudes that accident reporting is useless, preference to allocate time to other activities, concerns about family distress and social image, distrust in the police, and medical consultation aversion. The framework was validated by means of a survey, which yielded 1,512 complete responses from cyclists. The estimated structural equation models revealed: (i) the perceived difficulties are related to reporting intentions, to attitudes that accident reporting is useless, and to the reference to allocate time to other activities; (ii) medical consultation aversion has a higher weight than distrust in the police in demotivating cycling accident reporting intentions; (iii) the latent factors are mainly related to the socio-economic characteristics and the characteristics of the last cycling accident; (iv) information provision regarding the societal benefits of accident reporting is important for increasing the reporting rate.
Rigid Grasp Candidate Generation for Assembly Tasks

In this study, a new method is proposed to generate rigid grasp candidates for assembly tasks. Although the majority of the recent research is aimed at the generation of candidates for grasping several types of objects, our method focuses on tasks requiring precise and rigid contact. For instance, assembling furniture requires higher grasping force and precision than bin picking tasks or pick and place tasks. This means that the pose information of the object should be accurate for assembly tasks, and the object should not slip while being held. Given these constraints, we generated possible grasp pose candidates. The proposed algorithm is verified by performing real robot experiments in which furniture parts are assembled.
Vitamin C Therapy for Routine Care in Septic Shock (ViCTOR) Trial: Effect of Intravenous Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Administration on Inpatient Mortality among Patients with Septic Shock

Abstract Background Sepsis remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite advances in management strategies. Preclinical and observational studies have found mortality benefit with high-dose vitamin C in sepsis. Our study aims to prospectively evaluate the effect of intravenous hydrocortisone, vitamin C [ascorbic acid (AA)], and thiamine (HAT) administration in reducing inpatient all-cause mortality among patients with septic shock. Materials and methods Our single-center, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial recruited patients with admitting diagnosis of septic shock and assigned eligible patients (1:1) into either intervention (HAT) or control group (routine). The HAT group received intravenous combination of vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 hours), thiamine (200 mg every 12 hours), and hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 hours) within 6 hours of onset of septic shock admission. The treatment was continued for at least 4 days, in addition to the routine standard of care provided to the control group. Thiamine and hydrocortisone use in control arm was not restricted. Vitamin C levels were estimated at baseline and at the end of the 4 days of treatment for both groups. The primary outcome evaluated was mortality during inpatient stay. Results Among 90 patients enrolled, 88 patients completed the study protocol. The baseline characteristics between the HAT (n = 45) and the routine (n = 43) groups were comparable. The all-cause mortality in the HAT cohort was 57% (26/45) compared to 53% (23/43) in the routine care group (p = 0.4, OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.51–2.76). The time to reversal of septic shock was significantly lower in the HAT (34.58 ± 22.63 hours) in comparison to the routine care (45.42 ± 24.4 hours) (p = 0.03, mean difference −10.84, 95% CI −20.8 to −0.87). No significant difference was observed between the HAT and the routine care with respect to changes in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores at 72 hours (2.23 ± 2.4 vs 1.38 ± 3.1), the use of mechanical ventilation (48% vs 46%), and mean Vasoactive Inotropic Score (7.77 ± 12.12 vs 8.86 ± 12.5). Conclusion Intravenous administration of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone did not significantly improve the inpatient all-cause mortality among patients with septic shock. Clinical significance HAT protocol does not reduce hospital mortality but decreases time to shock reversal in septic shock. How to cite this article Mohamed ZU, Prasannan P, Moni M, Edathadathil F, Prasanna P, Menon A, et al. Vitamin C Therapy for Routine Care in Septic Shock (ViCTOR) Trial: Effect of Intravenous Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Administration on Inpatient Mortality among Patients with Septic Shock. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):653–661.
Challenging Old Ideas: How supplemental effects student confidence and learning and adding a key piece to understanding the origin of an important crop, kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L. and understanding how supplemental videos effect student confidence and

3 Introduction.3 Methods.6 Results.7 Discussion.9 References.12 Appendix.14 Chapter 2: Student perception versus reality: How optional supplemental videos impact student confidence and skills.20 Abstract.21. 2
The Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acids in Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

The unsaturated fatty acid of plants is correlative to its cold-resistance.The method of the quantitative analysis of fatty acids in the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was studied by using CHCl_3-CH_3OH mixed solvent distilling,pentadecanoic acid internal standard,KOH-CH_3OH-BF_3 esterification,silica-gel decoloration and gas chromatography determination.The results show that the myristic acid was not determined,the palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and eleosetearic acid were determined.The relative response factor of each fatty acid was 1.000,0.887 9,1.000,0.867 5,0.753 1 and 0.531 4 respectively,the linear correlative coefficient of the relative response factor was 0.999 7,0.997 9,0.999 4,0.997 8,0.996 7 and(0.994 5) respectively,the relative standard deviation was 2.45%,4.00%,3.22%,2.66%,2.40% and 1.57% respectively,and the recovery rate was 96.90%,107.40%,98.65%,91.25%,94.15% and 92.50% respectively.All the linear correlative coefficients of the relative response factors of various fatty acids were over 0.99,the relative standard deviations were less than 5.0%,and the recovery rates ranged from 85% to 110%. These have met with the demands of micro-component quantitative analysis.
Get sleep or get stumped: sleep behaviour in elite South African cricket players during competition

ABSTRACT Despite evidence supporting the positive affect sleep has on sport performance, there is limited application of sleep research in cricket. This study investigated the sleep behaviours of 26 elite South African cricket players (28.6 ± 4.0 years) during home and away competition. Players completed an altered version of the Core Consensus Sleep Diary every morning post-travel, pre-match and post-match. Linear mixed model regression was used to compare differences in sleep between time-periods, venues and formats. Spearman’s correlations (rs) assessed the relationship of match performance and sleep. Post-match total sleep time (06:31 ± 01:09) was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter compared to post-travel (07:53 ± 01:07; g = 1.19) and pre-match (08:43 ± 01:03; g = 1.98). Post-travel sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were significantly shorter (−20; g = 1.35) and higher (+10.4%; g = 0.74) at home than away respectively. Longer sleep onset latencies and shorter total sleep times were significantly associated with poorer One-Day International (rs = −0.57) and Test (rs = 0.59) batting performances respectively. The poor post-match sleep behaviour, and the sleep and performance correlations, provide motive for future interventions to focus on recovery and the use of sleep monitoring as a competitive advantage.
Effects of environmental conditions on reproductive effort and nest success of Arcticbreeding shorebirds

EMILY L. WEISER,* STEPHEN C. BROWN, RICHARD B. LANCTOT, H. RIVER GATES, KENNETH F. ABRAHAM, REBECCA L. BENTZEN, JO€ EL BÊTY, MEGAN L. BOLDENOW, RODNEY W. BROOK, TYRONE F. DONNELLY, WILLOW B. ENGLISH, SCOTT A. FLEMMING, SAMANTHA E. FRANKS, H. GRANT GILCHRIST, MARIE-ANDR EE GIROUX, ANDREW JOHNSON, STEVE KENDALL, LISA V. KENNEDY, LAURA KOLOSKI, EUNBI KWON, JEAN-FRANC OIS LAMARRE, DAVID B. LANK, CHRISTOPHER J. LATTY, NICOLAS LECOMTE, JOSEPH R. LIEBEZEIT, LAURA MCKINNON, ERICA NOL, JOHANNA PERZ, JENNIE RAUSCH, MARTIN ROBARDS, SARAH T. SAALFELD, NATHAN R. SENNER, PAUL A. SMITH, MIKHAIL SOLOVIEV, DIANA SOLOVYEVA, DAVID H. WARD, PAUL F. WOODARD & BRETT K. SANDERCOCK Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Manomet, MA, USA US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA Audubon Alaska, Anchorage, AK, USA Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada Wildlife Conservation Society, Arctic Beringia Program, Fairbanks, AK, USA D epartement de Biologie, Chimie et G eographie and Centre d’ Etudes Nordiques, Universit e du Qu ebec a Rimouski,
Prodruggability of carbohydrates - oral FimH antagonists

The bacterial lectin FimH is a promising therapeutic target for the nonantibiotic prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. In this communication, an ester prodrug approach is described to achieve oral bioavailability for FimH antagonists. By introducing short-chain acyl promoieties at the C-6 position of a biphenyl α-d-mannopyranoside, prodrugs with an excellent absorption potential were obtained. The human carboxylesterase 2 was identified as a main enzyme mediating rapid bioconversion to the active principle. Despite their propensity to hydrolysis within the enterocytes during absorption, these ester prodrugs present a considerable progress in the development of orally available FimH antagonists.
Does Media Coverage Affect Governments’ Preparation for Natural Disasters?

While natural hazards have never been so frequent in modern history, the political economy of disaster preparation remains largely understudied. To prepare for natural disasters, local governments can adopt mitigation measures (e.g., infrastructure elevation, retrofitting, shelter construction, etc.). However, in doing so, there is a trade-off between risk reduction and risk disclosure as these initiatives may signal latent dangers of a place to unsuspecting homebuyers. Increased media coverage may ease this trade-off by revealing these dormant risks. I develop a measure of newspaper coverage of storms using data on newspapers’ circulation and occurrence of storms at the ZIP code level in the United States. Using the variation in this measure, I identify the effects of heightened media attention on local governments’ mitigation efforts under the Hazard Mitigation Grant program managed by FEMA. I find that when newspaper coverage is high, jurisdictions that have experienced severe storms tend to implement significantly more mitigation projects. Conversely, when coverage of storms is low, jurisdictions do not undertake mitigation projects after being hit by a storm. My results are primarily driven by ZIP codes with high pre-treatment levels of vacant housing units, housing units occupied by renters, and housing units owned with a mortgage. I argue that local governments may be strategically underinvesting in disaster preparation to avoid revealing their jurisdictions’ inherent risk to otherwise uninformed property investors.
Learning Effectively from Noisy Supervision for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation based on deep learning has undergone tremendous progress in recent years. However, it continues to depend heavily on massive densely annotated data. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) using bounding boxes to alleviate the need for pixel-wise annotations. We argue that the most important problem of WSSS should be learning effectively from noisy supervision. Therefore, we present a constrained foreground segmentation network (CFS) to generate high-quality dense annotations from noisy proposals. The network converts the segmentation task from multi-class classiﬁcation to two-class classiﬁcation and removes most of irrelevant regions, making the task easier to optimize. Besides, we introduce a loss-guided self-attention (LGSA) module to encourage self-correction among intra-class pixels. Instead of allowing global information exchanges in existing Non-local modules, our module imposes loss constraints on the information exchanges between different categories and learns a more reasonable afﬁnity matrix that can be used for further random walk. Experiments indicate that our LGSA module has better performance and interpretability than Non-local modules even with noisy supervision. We obtain state-of-the-art results on the Pascal VOC 2012 validation set by combining the two novel components.
Evaluation of Vasopressor Exposure and Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock*

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the association between vasopressor dosing intensity during the first 6 hours and first 24 hours after the onset of septic shock and 30-day in-hospital mortality; 2) determine whether the effect of vasopressor dosing intensity varies by fluid resuscitation volume; and 3) determine whether the effect of vasopressor dosing intensity varies by dosing titration pattern. Design: Multicenter prospective cohort study between September 2017 and February 2018. Vasopressor dosing intensity was defined as the total vasopressor dose infused across all vasopressors in norepinephrine equivalents. Setting: Thirty-three hospital sites in the United States (n = 32) and Jordan (n = 1). Patients: Consecutive adults requiring admission to the ICU with septic shock treated with greater than or equal to 1 vasopressor within 24 hours of shock onset. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Out of 1,639 patients screened, 616 were included. Norepinephrine (93%) was the most common vasopressor. Patients received a median of 3,400 mL (interquartile range, 1,851–5,338 mL) during the 24 hours after shock diagnosis. The median vasopressor dosing intensity during the first 24 hours of shock onset was 8.5 μg/min norepinephrine equivalents (3.4–18.1 μg/min norepinephrine equivalents). In the first 6 hours, increasing vasopressor dosing intensity was associated with increased odds ratio of 30-day in-hospital mortality, with the strength of association dependent on concomitant fluid administration. Over the entire 24 hour period, every 10 μg/min increase in vasopressor dosing intensity was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.16–1.53), and this association did not vary with the amount of fluid administration. Compared to an early high/late low vasopressor dosing strategy, an early low/late high or sustained high vasopressor dosing strategy was associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Increasing vasopressor dosing intensity during the first 24 hours after septic shock was associated with increased mortality. This association varied with the amount of early fluid administration and the timing of vasopressor titration.