Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic counselors, patients', and carers’ views on an Australian clinical genetics service information system

The Genetic Information System (GIS) is an Australian database of family genetic information. This health information technology system has been used by all 31 publicly operated clinical genetics services across New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) for over a decade. As these services are separated geographically, the linkage engendered by the GIS facilitates the services to operate as a virtual state‐wide service. This study aimed to explore the views of genetic counselors, patients, and carers on the use and storage of family genetic information in the GIS. Data were collected using audio‐recorded semi‐structured telephone interviews with genetic counselors experienced with using the GIS and focus groups with past patients/carers of the services. Using thematic analysis, four themes were identified from genetic counselor participant interviews (n = 12): (a) Shared information is valuable; (b) inconsistent data entry provides a challenge; (c) perceived need for the GIS to be current and integrated with other health systems; and (d) future challenges and strategies for the GIS. Three themes were identified following three focus groups with consumer participants (n = 14): (a) access to family genetic information provides a ‘clearer picture’; (b) support, but caution, concerning use of information for relatives’ health care; and (c) stewardship of family information. Genetic counselors and consumers identified similar advantages and privacy concerns regarding the sharing of family genetic information and all participants wanted patients/carers to be better informed about the GIS early in the genetic counseling process. Consumers were reassured by genetics health professionals’ stewardship of their information, but surprised the GIS was not available nationally or for private geneticists or certain non‐genetic specialists. These findings may inform further development of the GIS and other clinical genetic databases and lead to increased patient/carer knowledge through education and resource development.
Assessing the effects of a two-amino acid flexibility in the Hemagglutinin 220-loop receptor-binding domain on the fitness of Influenza A(H9N2) viruses

ABSTRACT The enzootic and zoonotic nature of H9N2 avian influenza viruses poses a persistent threat to the global poultry industry and public health. In particular, the emerging sublineage h9.4. 2.5 of H9N2 viruses has drawn great attention. In this study, we determined the effects of the flexibility at residues 226 and 227 in the hemagglutinin on the receptor avidity and immune evasion of H9N2 viruses. The solid-phase direct binding assay showed that residue 226 plays a core role in the receptor preference of H9N2 viruses, while residue 227 affects the preference of the virus for a receptor. Consequently, each of these two successive residues can modulate the receptor avidity of H9N2 viruses and influence their potential of zoonotic infection. The antigenic map based on the cross-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers revealed that amino acid substitutions at positions 226 or 227 appear to be involved in antigenic drift, potentially resulting in the emergence of H9N2 immune evasion mutants. Further analysis suggested that increased receptor avidity facilitated by residue 226Q or 227M resulted in a reduction in the HI titer. Among the four naturally-occurring amino acid combinations comprising QQ, MQ, LQ, and LM, the number of viruses with LM accounted for 79.64% of the sublineage h9.4. 2.5 and the rescued virus with LM exhibited absolute advantages of in vitro and in vivo replication and transmission. Collectively, these data demonstrate that residues 226 and 227 are under selective pressure and their synergistic regulation of receptor avidity and antigenicity is related to the evolution of circulating H9N2 viruses.
Examining Variations in Participation and Outcomes of Consensual and Nonconsensual Extradyadic Behavior among Ashley Madison Users

ABSTRACT Despite the abundance of studies investigating individual differences associated with extradyadic behavior (EB), nearly all have adopted retrospective measures in which the data is likely plagued by recall biases. In addition, few studies have explored individual differences or outcomes associated with EB between those with consenting and nonconsenting primary partners. Thus, the current study investigated the extent to which Ashley Madison users participated in a wide range of EBs, whether age, gender, and sexual identity predicted participation, and the extent to which outcomes were impacted by partner consent. The results from 1460 adults (962 men, 498 women) revealed that users reported engaging in three categories of behaviors: sexual/explicit, technology/online, and emotional/affectionate behaviors and that women and those older in age reported participating in EBs more frequently than men and those younger in age. Finally, 16.9% of the sample had a primary partner that consented to their Ashley Madison use and those with consenting partners reported greater perceived improvement in their primary relationship than did those with nonconsenting partners. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing the multitude of behaviors that Ashley Madison users participate in and whether consent was obtained. Implications for educators and practitioners are discussed.
The Effect of Money Denomination on Prosocial Behavior: Through the Perspective of Metaphorical Cognitive Theory

Based on metaphorical cognitive theory, this research did four experiments to examine whether and how one important feature of money, denomination, could influence prosocial behavior. Study 1 was an experiment with a sample size of 209 undergraduates (Mage = 18.97) showed that a larger denomination enhanced the probability of participants engaging in prosocial behavior rather than with a smaller denomination. Study 2 collecting data from 269 undergraduates (Mage = 18.50) further showed that larger denominations condition inspired more prosocial behavior than the control condition; and the small denominations condition produced similar levels of prosocial behavior to the control condition. Study 3 used single factor design with a sample size of 192 undergraduates (Mage = 20.49) repeated the results of Study 2. Furthermore, Study 3 excluded an important alternative explanation that the value rather than the denomination influenced prosocial behavior. Last, Study 4 applied a factorial design experiment with a sample size of 132 undergraduates (Mage = 20.92) which demonstrated that generosity mediated the effect of denomination on prosocial behavior; the effect of denomination on prosocial behavior did not depend on money priming methods. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
The More, the Merrier? Multiple Myoglobin Genes in Fish Species, Especially in Gray Bichir (Polypterus senegalus) and Reedfish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus)

Abstract The members of the globin superfamily are a classical model system to investigate gene evolution and their fates as well as the diversity of protein function. One of the best-known globins is myoglobin (Mb), which is mainly expressed in heart muscle and transports oxygen from the sarcolemma to the mitochondria. Most vertebrates harbor a single copy of the myoglobin gene, but some fish species have multiple myoglobin genes. Phylogenetic analyses indicate an independent emergence of multiple myoglobin genes, whereby the origin is mostly the last common ancestor of each order. By analyzing different transcriptome data sets, we found at least 15 multiple myoglobin genes in the polypterid gray bichir (Polypterus senegalus) and reedfish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus). In reedfish, the myoglobin genes are expressed in a broad range of tissues but show very different expression values. In contrast, the Mb genes of the gray bichir show a rather scattered expression pattern; only a few Mb genes were found expressed in the analyzed tissues. Both, gray bichir and reedfish possess lungs which enable them to inhabit shallow and swampy waters throughout tropical Africa with frequently fluctuating and low oxygen concentrations. The myoglobin repertoire probably reflects the molecular adaptation to these conditions. The sequence divergence, the substitution rate, and the different expression pattern of multiple myoglobin genes in gray bichir and reedfish imply different functions, probably through sub- and neofunctionalization during evolution.
Defective apoptotic cell contractility provokes sterile inflammation, leading to liver damage and tumour suppression

Apoptosis is characterized by profound morphological changes, but their physiological purpose is unknown. To characterize the role of apoptotic cell contraction, ROCK1 was rendered caspase non-cleavable (ROCK1nc) by mutating aspartate 1113, which revealed that ROCK1 cleavage was necessary for forceful contraction and membrane blebbing. When homozygous ROCK1nc mice were treated with the liver-selective apoptotic stimulus of diethylnitrosamine, ROCK1nc mice had more profound liver damage with greater neutrophil infiltration than wild-type mice. Inhibition of the damage-associated molecular pattern protein HMGB1 or signalling by its cognate receptor TLR4 lowered neutrophil infiltration and reduced liver damage. ROCK1nc mice also developed fewer diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumours, while HMGB1 inhibition increased HCC tumour numbers. Thus, ROCK1 activation and consequent cell contraction are required to limit sterile inflammation and damage amplification following tissue-scale cell death. Additionally, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for acute sterile inflammation as an efficient tumour-suppressive mechanism.
Involvement of TRPC5 channels, inwardly rectifying K+ channels, PLCβ and PIP2 in vasopressin‐mediated excitation of medial central amygdala neurons

Activation of V1a vasopressin receptors facilitates neuronal excitability in the medial nucleus of central amygdala (CeM) V1a receptor activation excites about 80% CeM neurons by opening a cationic conductance and about 20% CeM neurons by suppressing an inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel The cationic conductance activated by V1a receptors is identified as TRPC5 channels PLCβ‐mediated depletion of PIP2 is involved in V1a receptor‐elicited excitation of CeM neurons Intracellular Ca2+ release and PKC are unnecessary for V1a receptor‐mediated excitation of CeM neurons
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 inhibitor produces an analgesic effect in a rat model of neuropathic pain by reducing central sensitization in the dorsal horn

ABSTRACT Objective Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays an important role in regulating the production of arachidonic acid and various eicosanoids. The aim of our study was to investigate the analgesic mechanisms of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 and calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) inhibitors in the spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats to develop a peripheral neuropathic pain model. Paw withdrawal thresholds in response to von Frey filaments, brush, pressure, and pinch were measured. Lumbar wide dynamic range neuronal firing rates and iPLA2 subtype expression were measured by in vivo extracellular recording and double immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Results In our rat models, oral administration of prednisolone, a non-selective PLA2 inhibitor, and intrathecal injection of bromoenolactone, a iPLA2 inhibitor, significantly increased the ipsilateral hindpaw withdrawal thresholds in response to von Frey filament stimulation, but intrathecal injection of arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, a selective cytosolic PLA2 inhibitor, did not show significant changes. In spinal dorsal horn neurons, bromoenolactone reduced neuronal firing rates in response to withdrawal stimulation and spontaneous firing rates in the ipsilateral side of the spinal dorsal horn. In addition, the expression of iPLA2 was co-localized with astrocytes and neurons on the ipsilateral side of the dorsal horn in rats that underwent spinal nerve ligation. Discussion These data suggest that selective iPLA2 inhibitor produce analgesia in neuropathic rats by reducing central sensitization in the dorsal horn.
Profile of aerobic bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity in chronic suppurative otitis media in Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi City, Iraq.

BACKGROUND Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common otological problem in daily clinical practice. It is crucial to know the bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in patients with CSOM to achieve a good clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES To identify the aerobic bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities in subjects with CSOM in Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study included 102 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of CSOM (aural discharge >2 weeks, eardrum perforation, and conductive deafness). Purulent discharge was obtained from the middle ear with sterile swabs and cultured for bacterial microorganisms. The sensitivity of the isolated agents to antimicrobials was evaluated by a culture and sensitivity method. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Out of 3634 outpatient subjects, 102 (2.8%) presented with active CSOM. The age range of the patients was 1-70 years (mean 28.90 ± 19.8). There were 58 females (56.9%). Out of 117 ear swab specimens, 107 (91.5%) yielded positive cultures. The majority (101, 94.4%) of the specimens yielded a single organism. There was a high statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between gram-positive (n = 77, 68.1%) and gram-negative pathogens (n = 36, 31.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 65 (57.5%) cases and Staphylococcus aureus in 19 (16.8%) cases were the two most commonly isolated organisms. The drugs imipenem (93.8%), amikacin (86.1%), azteronam (83.1%), and ciprofloxacin (81.5%) were effective against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.001). Amikacin (100%), imipenem (94.7%), ciprofloxacin (68.4%), and gentamicin (63.1%) were the most effective antibiotics against Staph. aureus (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of active CSOM was 2.8%. Ciprofloxacin showed high effectiveness against the two most common isolated pathogens (P. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus); therefore, it could be used as empirical therapy for active CSOM cases.
Reducing mental illness stigma: What types of images are most effective?

Abstract Public stigma against mental illness is a barrier to treatment and recovery. Research into the design of anti-stigma messages has focused heavily on text; there is limited information on what types of images are most persuasive in eliciting anti-stigma outcomes. This is important to study because the type of image used to depict an illness can influence how the illness is perceived, which in turn can affect how people with the illness are treated. Through an online experiment with 162 American adults, this study investigated whether mental illness narratives about depression illustrated with photographs are more effective than those illustrated with cartoons at reducing stigma. It was found that the illustrated narratives, whether with photo or cartoon, produced more anti-stigma effects than the text-only narrative (control). Further, the photographic narrative was more effective than the cartoon narrative in eliciting closeness to the story protagonist and willingness to donate to mental health services. The study’s findings indicate that images should be used in anti-stigma messages on depression; further, regarding image type, photographs should be considered over cartoons as they are more effective in eliciting certain anti-stigma outcomes. Implications for Practice This study suggests that images have strong anti-stigma effects and that photographs are sometimes more persuasive than cartoons. These findings can inform best-practice guidelines for designing anti-stigma messages, created and disseminated by organisations such as the United States’ National Alliance on Mental Illness and Mental Health America. Images in these messages should be selected carefully as they can influence how people with mental illness are perceived and treated.
Influence of Age on Calvarial Critical Size Defect Dimensions: A Radiographic and Histological Study

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Calvarial critical-size defect has been used to assess techniques and materials in the bone regeneration field. Previous studies utilized young adult rats with 3 months of age, which might not reflect the geriatric conditions. This study aimed to assess the dimensions of the calvarial critical-size defect in aged rats. Seventy-two rats in a randomized block design were allocated into a control young adult (11–12 weeks), and a test old group (22–24 months). Both groups were divided according to bone defect's size: 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm defects, which were surgically created and followed for 4 and 8 weeks. Radiographic and histologic analyses were performed. Based on the results, additional groups with 4 mm defect size were added following the same protocols. Young groups yielded higher bone volumes, defect closure percentages, and density of newly formed bone. Closure of cranial defects was only observed in 3 mm defects in both age groups after 8 weeks; however, the 4 mm defect group demonstrated bony bridging after 8 weeks in young but not old rats. Results confirmed that 5-mm defect is considered a critical size for calvarial bone defects in young adult rats; however, 4 mm defect might be considered critical size for the aged rats after 8 weeks.
First-principles studies of the structural, elastic, and lattice dynamical properties of ZrMo2 and HfMo2

ABSTRACT A comprehensive investigation of the structural, elastic, and lattice dynamical properties for ZrMo2 and HfMo2 with C14, C15, C36, and CeCu2 phases are conducted using density functional total energy calculations. The results have showed that C15 phase for both materials is energetically more stable than C14, C36 and CeCu2 phases. We have also estimated the mechanical behaviours of these compounds, including mechanical stability, bulk modulus, Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, ductility, and anisotropy. Additionally, the lattice dynamical properties are analyzed and discussed exhaustively for these phases. The calculated properties agree well with available experimental and theoretical data.
Informing Women About Overdetection in Breast Cancer Screening: Two-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Trial

Abstract Background Supporting well-informed decisions about breast cancer screening requires communicating that inconsequential disease may be detected, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Having previously shown that telling women about overdetection improved informed choice, we investigated effects on screening knowledge and participation over 2 years. Methods We conducted a community-based, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in Australia. Participants were women aged 48-50 years, without personal or strong family history of breast cancer, who had not undergone mammography in the past 2 years. We randomly assigned 879 women to receive the intervention decision aid (evidence-based information on overdetection, breast cancer mortality reduction, and false-positives) or control decision aid (identical but without overdetection information). We interviewed 838 women postintervention and recontacted them for follow-up at 6 months and 1 and 2 years. Main outcomes for this report are screening knowledge and participation. Results We interviewed 790, 746, and 712 participants at 6 months, 1, and 2 years, respectively. The intervention group demonstrated superior knowledge throughout follow-up. After 2 years, conceptual knowledge was adequate in 123 (34.4%) of 358 women in the intervention group compared with 71 (20.1%) of 354 control participants(odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.46 to 2.85). Groups were similar in total screening participation (200 [55.1%] vs 204 [56.0%]; = 0.97, 95% confidence interval = 0.73 to 1.29). Conclusions A brief decision aid produced lasting improvement in women’s understanding of potential consequences of screening, including overdetection, without changing participation rates. These findings support the use of decision aids for breast cancer screening.
Burden of Pertussis in COPD: A Retrospective Database Study in England

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may increase the risk and severity of pertussis infection. Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and direct medical costs (DMC) of treating pertussis among patients with COPD are unknown. Reported incidence of pertussis among individuals aged ≥ 50 years with COPD was assessed in Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics databases during 2009–2018 using a retrospective cohort design. HCRU and DMC from the National Health Service perspective were compared between patients with COPD and pertussis and propensity score-matched patients with COPD without pertussis. Seventy-eight new pertussis events were identified among 387 086 patients with COPD aged ≥ 50 years (incidence rate: 4.73; 95% confidence interval 3.74–5.91 per 100 000 person-years). HCRU and DMC were assessed among 67 patients with COPD and pertussis and 267 matched controls. During the month before the pertussis diagnosis, the rates of general practitioner (GP)/nurse visits (4289 vs. 1774 per 100 patient-years) and accident and emergency visits (182 vs. 18 per 100 patient-years) were higher in the pertussis cohort; GP/nurse visits (2935 vs. 1705 per 100 patient-years) were also higher during the following 2 months (all p < 0.001). During the month before the pertussis diagnosis, annualized per-patient total DMC were £2012 higher in the pertussis cohort (£3729 vs. £1717; p < 0.001); during the following 2 months, they were £2407 higher (£5498 vs. £3091; p < 0.001). In conclusion, a pertussis episode among individuals with COPD resulted in significant increases in HCRU and DMC around the pertussis event.
Evaluation of Triage Methods for Criticality Accidents

Abstract Studies indicate that early identification of persons involved in and receiving high doses of radiation in accidents is key to providing life-saving medical treatment. Although the risk of criticality accidents is low, the potential impact to workers is significant. For facilities that employ large numbers of workers, a key element in the response to a radiological emergency is identifying personnel that received significant and potentially harmful doses. Also important is having the ability to screen large numbers of workers to identify persons who did not receive significant exposure so as to reduce the impact on emergency response efforts. At the Y-12 National Security Complex, the focus on criticality accident response is the rapid triage of personnel in order to identify persons exposed to large radiation doses and to prioritize those persons receiving the highest exposures. Once identified, personnel are transported to local medical facilities, including the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), for medical evaluation and treatment. The Y-12 external dosimetry program uses a number of techniques to identify and prioritize workers, and these methods were evaluated at a criticality dosimetry intercomparison exercise. The methods used were shown to perform as intended, and other sites may consider incorporating these methods into their accident dosimetry response procedures.