Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Labeling Method for Financial Time Series Prediction Based on Trends

Time series prediction has been widely applied to the finance industry in applications such as stock market price and commodity price forecasting. Machine learning methods have been widely used in financial time series prediction in recent years. How to label financial time series data to determine the prediction accuracy of machine learning models and subsequently determine final investment returns is a hot topic. Existing labeling methods of financial time series mainly label data by comparing the current data with those of a short time period in the future. However, financial time series data are typically non-linear with obvious short-term randomness. Therefore, these labeling methods have not captured the continuous trend features of financial time series data, leading to a difference between their labeling results and real market trends. In this paper, a new labeling method called “continuous trend labeling” is proposed to address the above problem. In the feature preprocessing stage, this paper proposed a new method that can avoid the problem of look-ahead bias in traditional data standardization or normalization processes. Then, a detailed logical explanation was given, the definition of continuous trend labeling was proposed and also an automatic labeling algorithm was given to extract the continuous trend features of financial time series data. Experiments on the Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Component Index and some stocks of China showed that our labeling method is a much better state-of-the-art labeling method in terms of classification accuracy and some other classification evaluation metrics. The results of the paper also proved that deep learning models such as LSTM and GRU are more suitable for dealing with the prediction of financial time series data.
Visualization of Shallow‐Groove Expansion of Au(111) Facet under Methane Pyrolysis

Metallic catalyst facets are considered pivotal in determining the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the characterization of the dynamic evolution of metallic catalyst facets remains unsatisfactory, and the identification of evolved facets relies upon phenomenological criteria. Here, to understand the functional mechanism of catalyst facet formation, the dynamic evolution of the Au(111) facet is investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy during methane pyrolysis. A shallow groove of a few atoms in depth is formed and expanded on the Au(111) facet. Density functional theory results show that the adsorption of carbon weakens the AuAu bonds, facilitating Au atom removal from the surface. Finally, a new flat Au(111) facet is formed. Thus, the facets undergo dynamic evolution during the actual pyrolytic reaction. This research may promote understanding of the catalytic mechanism and guide the design of the next generation of highly efficient catalysts.
Pharmacological management of orofacial pain – a clinician’s guide

Managing orofacial pain can be a daunting prospect for the dentally qualiﬁed clinician. This article aims to alleviate some of these concerns by providing guidance when pharmacological intervention may be recommended, alongside their dosing regimens and contraindications. The medications discussed include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, clonazepam, capsaicin, baclofen, lamotrigine, alpha-lipoic acid, lidocaine hydrochloride and benzydamine hydrochloride. Management of orofacial pain is complex and, hence, often requires the input of specialists in secondary care. While the scope of this guide is aimed chieﬂy at pharmacological management by secondary care dental prescribers, a holistic approach encompassing all biopsychosocial factors is encouraged. The main take home points have been summarised in a table, aimed for use as a ‘quick reference guide’ during clinic sessions.
Coordinating Manipulation in Real-time Interactive Mechanism of College Admission: Agent-Based Simulations

The matching in college admission is a typical example of applying algorithms in cyberspace to improve the efficiency of the corresponding process in physical space. This paper studies the real-time interactive mechanism (RIM) recently adopted in Inner Mongolia of China, where students can immediately observe the provisional admission results for their applications and are allowed to modify the application before the deadline. Since the universities accept the applications according to the ranking of the scores, RIM is believed to make the competition more transparent. However, students may coordinate to manipulate this mechanism. A high-score student can perform a last-minute change on the university applied, opening a slot for a student with a much lower score. With agent-based simulations, we find that a large portion of students will choose to perform coordinating manipulation, which erodes the welfare and fairness of society. To cope with this issue, we investigate the Multistage RIM (MS-RIM), where students with different ranges of scores are given different deadlines for application modification. We find that the multistage policy reduces the chance of manipulation. However, the incentive to conduct manipulation is increased by a higher success rate of manipulation. Hence, the overall social welfare and fairness are further diminished under MS-RIM with a small number of stages, but are improved if the stage number is large.
Detection of DoS Attacks Using ARFIMA Modeling of GOOSE Communication in IEC 61850 Substations

Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in modern smart grids (SGs) offers many advantages including the use of renewables and an effective way to protect, control and monitor the energy transmission and distribution. To reach an optimal operation of future energy systems, availability, integrity and confidentiality of data should be guaranteed. Research on the cyber-physical security of electrical substations based on IEC 61850 is still at an early stage. In the present work, we first model the network traffic data in electrical substations, then, we present a statistical Anomaly Detection (AD) method to detect Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against the Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) network communication. According to interpretations on the self-similarity and the Long-Range Dependency (LRD) of the data, an Auto-Regressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) model was shown to describe well the GOOSE communication in the substation process network. Based on this ARFIMA-model and in view of cyber-physical security, an effective model-based AD method is developed and analyzed. Two variants of the statistical AD considering statistical hypothesis testing based on the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) are presented to detect flooding attacks that might affect the availability of the data. Our work presents a novel AD method, with two different variants, tailored to the specific features of the GOOSE traffic in IEC 61850 substations. The statistical AD is capable of detecting anomalies at unknown change times under the realistic assumption of unknown model parameters. The performance of both variants of the AD method is validated and assessed using data collected from a simulation case study. We perform several Monte-Carlo simulations under different noise variances. The detection delay is provided for each detector and it represents the number of discrete time samples after which an anomaly is detected. In fact, our statistical AD method with both variants (CUSUM and GLRT) has around half the false positive rate and a smaller detection delay when compared with two of the closest works found in the literature. Our AD approach based on the GLRT detector has the smallest false positive rate among all considered approaches. Whereas, our AD approach based on the CUSUM test has the lowest false negative rate thus the best detection rate. Depending on the requirements as well as the costs of false alarms or missed anomalies, both variants of our statistical detection method can be used and are further analyzed using composite detection metrics.
Extensive yellow crusts below limestone overhangs: a new taxon close to a minute epiphytic lichen

A conspicuous yellow crust forming extensive covers on some dry and shaded limestone rocks in Europe is described here as Caloplaca substerilis subsp. orbicularis M. Haji Moniri, Vondrák & Malíček subsp. nov. Based on nuITS rDNA, 28S nuLSU rDNA and mtSSU rDNA sequence data, the new taxon is closely related to Caloplaca substerilis and C. ulcerosa. The three taxa form a supported clade in the subfamily Xanthorioideae (Teloschistaceae), but none of the recently seggregated genera are suitable for them. In the ITS phylogeny, the new taxon forms a monophylum nested within C. substerilis. However, its extensive yellow thalli and absence of vegetative diaspores clearly distinguish it from Caloplaca substerilis (subsp. substerilis). Indeed, if it had not been for the molecular evidence, we would have described it at the rank of species. We suggest that the substrate switch and accompanying processes are responsible for the striking phenotypic difference between Caloplaca substerilis subsp. substerilis and C. substerilis subsp. orbicularis.
Gravity wave interaction with multiple submerged artificial reefs

In the present study, gravity wave interaction with a series of submerged artificial permeable reefs is analysed within the framework of linearised water wave theory. For wave past porous walls of the artificial reefs, a quadratic pressure drop is assumed to account for the wave energy dissipation due to the changes in wave height. The physical problem is handled for a solution using a numerical model based on the iterative multi-domain boundary element method and the developed numerical model is validated with known results in the literature. The iterative model is compared with the numerical model based on linear pressure drop boundary condition (i.e., Darcy law). The study reveals that the wave transmission reduces with the increase in the number of reef units. It is demonstrated that the transmission coefficient can be reduced to less than 0.5 when the number of reef units is greater than or equal to three for a relative height greater than 0.7, reef porosities less than 20% and for 0.4<k0h<3.0. Bragg reflection is observed when the porosity is in the range of 0 to 10% and above which the recurrent nature of wave reflection gradually fades away due to dissipation effects. The number of peaks occurring in the shallow and intermediate water depths is equal to the number of reef units wherein the maxima occur at the first frequency. A relative increase in the base width improves the energy losses but the rate of increase in energy loss decreases. The scattering coefficient pattern is oscillatory when the relative spacing between the barriers is varied and their hydrodynamic performance is invariant for higher relative base width.
Related variety, unrelated variety, and R&D investment in the environmental industry

ABSTRACT This study examines how related and unrelated variety at the regional level are correlated with establishment-level R&D investment in the environmental industry in Korea. We find a positive correlation between unrelated variety and R&D investment, while related variety does not show a significant correlation. Additionally, the relationship between unrelated variety and R&D investment varies with establishment size. Unrelated variety has positive externalities only for micro establishments and has no clear effects on small, medium, and large establishments.
Accounting conservatism and the fulfilment of the target’s performance commitment in valuation adjustment mechanism contracts

ABSTRACT We find that acquiring firm’s accounting conservatism positively affects the likelihood of targets fulfilling their performance commitments in valuation adjustment mechanism (VAM) contracts in merger and acquisition (M&A) deals. The effect is more pronounced when the acquirer is in a high-competition industry and audited by non-Top eight accounting firms and the deal is cross-region. Further tests show that accounting conservatism increases the likelihood of fulfilment by lowering the targets’ promised standards and increasing managers’ incentive to motivate and monitor targets’ managers after M&A. Finally, the performance of conservative acquirers is better after VAM contract expires.
Prediction of Diabetes Mellitus by using Gradient Boosting Classification

Diyabet, dunya capinda yaygin ve endemik bir saglik sorunu haline gelmistir. Bu hastalik, kronik ve ayrica yasami tehdit eden bir hastaliktir. Kalp, bobrekler, gozler, sinirler ve kan damarlari gibi bircok organda saglik sorununa yol acabilir. Diyabet kaynakli olum oranini azaltmak icin erken onleme tekniklerine ihtiyac duyulmaktadir. Gunumuzde makine ogrenmesi teknikleri kanser, diyabet, kalp hastaliklari, tiroid vb. gibi hayati tehdit eden farkli hastaliklari tahmin etmek veya tespit etmek icin kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada Pima Indian veri setini kullanarak bir seker hastaligi tahmin modeli sunulmustur. Calismada seker hastaligini tahmin etmek icin Karar Agaci (KA), Rastgele Orman (RO) ve Gradyan Artirma (GA) algoritmalari olmak uzere uc farkli makine ogrenmesi teknigi uygulanmis ve performans analizi yapilmistir. Karmasiklik matrisi, dogruluk, F1 skoru, kesinlik, geri cagirma, Cohen'in kappa'si degerlendirilmis ve ayrica ROC egrisi cizdirilmistir. Uc teknikten, GA ile en iyi sonuclar elde edilmistir.
MPI Parallel Implementation for Pseudo-Spectral Simulations for Turbulent Channel Flow

ABSTRACT The present study performs direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows using a spectral method in a large computational domain. Because of applying Fourier discretisation in the spectral method, parallelisation of the method may incur heavy communication overhead, thereby resulting in poor scalability. We design and improve the spectral code by exploring parallel techniques, including domain decomposition and data transposition algorithms. We focus particularly on the 2D domain decomposition and data transpose algorithm with the non-blocking collective operations improves parallel performance, thereby enabling latency mitigation by overlapping the computation and communication. Finally, we evaluate the code on the Nurion supercomputer at KISTI supercomputing centre. The transpose algorithm based on the non-blocking collective operations shows the best performance, which enables 3.55 times faster computing on 256 nodes using 16,384 MPI ranks for the L550 case of grid points than the non-optimised 2D decomposition case.
A study in early neonatal period for the outcome based on the hepatic involvement following severe birth asphyxia in full term neonates

Background: The current study is focused on assessing the liver involvement of severely birth asphyxiated newborns, by measuring liver enzymes like Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) to predict the outcome of those babies. Methods: Total 111 severely birth asphyxiated newborns were assessed in a hospital based prospective analytical study. Liver enzymes were measured for all babies included in the study. Study subject details were obtained through a pre-structured questionnaire and also morbidity and mortality were noted. Analysis of the research data was done through appropriate statistical methods using SPSS version 20.Results: It was observed that incidence of hypoxic ischemic hepatitis, among entire study population was 34.2% (38 cases) based on SGPT (>100 U/l) values. Current study findings indicated that incidence of hypoxic ischemic hepatitis had a positive correlation with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) staging. Mean SGOT, SGPT values were observed to increase as the HIE staging progressed. Based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient evaluation, it was determined that the elevated SGOT and SGPT values had moderate positive correlation with HIE, seizure, ventilator support and death in the study population. It was found from the present study findings that statistically significant mortality (77.4%) was observed among the HIE stage III babies, with elevated SGPT values.Conclusions: Current study findings revealed that elevated SGOT and SGPT values (more than twice the normal) has high sensitivity to predict the outcome in severely birth asphyxiated newborns. The stated parameters can prove to be effective in counselling parents regarding morbidity and mortality of neonates due to birth asphyxia.
Effects of water stress on the endophytic mycobiota of Quercus robur

Oak decline is expanding throughout Eutaropean and North American forests, in connection with increasing drought periods. The role of endophytic communities in oak decline is almost unknown, considering that these communities may harbour latent pathogens promoted by host weakness. This experiment was designed to assess if and in which extent endophytic mycota of adult English oak (Quercus robur) trees are affected by water stress. In a typical oak plain forest of north-western Italy, two square plots were established each including 25 oak trees. In one plot a polyethylene layer was placed for rainfall flow away to occur and, consequently, to induce water stress in trees. Predawn Water Potential (PWP) and Midday Water Potential (MWP) were used as water stress indicators and measured constantly. Three seasonal samplings (spring, summer, and fall) were carried out to isolate fungal endophytes on herbaceous and woody tissues of trees from both plots. Twenty-five taxa were isolated, most of which were ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi. Tubakia dryina and Phomopsis quercina were the most frequently isolated fungi in annual shoots. The frequency (F) of T. dryina was significantly lower in water-stressed than in control trees (χ test, P<0.05) both in summer and in autumn, when water stress was higher. The F of P. quercina increased over time. The F of Monochaetia monochaeta in annual shoots starting from the summer was significantly higher in control trees than in water-stressed trees. The correspondence analysis discriminated shoot communities of water-stressed trees from those of control trees, because of the different ratios between T. dryina and P. quercina.
Estimating Relative Abundance of Young-of-Year American Eel, Anguilla rostrata, in the Virginia Tributaries of Chesapeake Bay (Spring 2014)

Estimating Relative Abundance of Young-of-Year American Eel, Anguilla rostrata, in the Virginia Tributaries of Chesapeake Bay (Spring 2011) Final Report Submitted by Troy D. Tuckey and Mary C. Fabrizio Department of Fisheries Science Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Submitted to Virginia Marine Resources Commission Marine Recreational Fishing and Commercial Fishing Advisory Boards
Death valley: world‐beating temperatures, no sweat

On 16 August 2020, the weather station at the Furnace Creek Visitor Centre (California, USA) reached a scorching 54.4°C, the second highest annual maximum recorded at that site according to the Global Historic Climate Network (Menne et al., 2012; Figure 1). If this preliminary reading is confirmed, it will also be the highest reliably recorded air temperature on Earth since 1913 (Merlone et al., 2019). By adding to the narrative of increasingly dangerous heat as the planet warms, such extremes understandably capture the attention of the scientific (Aridi, 2020) and popular media (BBC, 2020). Indeed, Figure 1 highlights how annual maxima at Death Valley have risen with global mean air temperature since the 1970s. However, air temperature is not necessarily the best indicator of our changing climate and human health implications; total heat is better. This is the sum of sensible and latent heat components. Air temperature is directly proportional to the former, whereas the latter also depends on the amount of water vapour in the air. Humans perceive total heat because cooling via sweating becomes less efficient as latent heat rises (Matthews, 2018). Total heat can be converted to an equivalent temperature: the regular (dry bulb) temperature plus the amount the air would warm if all the water Letter
Identification of English vowels by non-native listeners: Effects of listeners’ experience of the target dialect and talkers’ language background

This study investigates how second language (L2) listeners’ perception is affected by two factors: the listeners’ experience with the target dialect – North American English (NAE) vs. Standard Southern British English (SSBE) – and talkers’ language background: native vs. non-native talkers; i.e. interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit (ISIB) talker effects. Two groups of native-Korean-speaking listeners with different target English dialects – L1-Korean listeners of English as a second language (ESL) in the USA and L1-Korean ESL listeners in the UK – were tested on the identification of 12 English vowels spoken by native and non-native (L1-Korean) talkers of NAE and SSBE. The results show that the L2 listeners’ experience with the target dialect had a significant impact on the accuracy of their identification of the L2 vowels. However, no ISIB-talker effects were observed for the L1-Korean listener groups regardless of the listeners’ differences in experience with the two varieties of English. The study adds to the L2 sound acquisition literature and the ISIB literature by looking into L2 learners’ identification of L2 vowels, taking into account the learners’ differences in experience with two standard varieties of English (NAE and SSBE) and the interaction between the learners’ experience with the two varieties and ISIB-talker effects. It also sheds some light on the issue of adult L2 learners’ ability to learn the vowels of a new target variety.
The Effects of 5-Aza-2´-deoxycytidine on Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and on Its Parasitized Host

I investigated the changes in total lipid, total fatty acids, and fatty acid composition of endoparasitoid Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared on Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) that was exposed to various doses of 5-Aza-2´-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), an epigenetically-effective agent. The combined effects of parasitism and 5-Aza-dC treatment on the total lipid and fatty acids of host larvae were also examined. 5-Aza-dC caused insignificant fluctuations in total lipid and fatty acid ratios of A. galleriae and parasitized host larvae (PHL). Total lipid and fatty acids reached considerably the highest values in PHL and the lowest ratios in parasitoid larvae for all of the control and experimental groups. All stages of A. galleriae and PHL contained the 14-24 carbon fatty acids. Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid for PHL and parasitoid pupae in each testing group, while oleic acid for parasitoid larvae. 5-Aza-dC treatment caused significant changes in linolenic acid ratio for parasitoid pupa and in lignoceric acid ratio for PHL, while the percent of different fatty acid classes did not differ significantly for stages/PHL. However, eicosenoic acid could not be detected in both insect species at doses >0.1 mg/ml. There were significant differences among individual fatty acids and fatty acid classes (SFAs, UFAs, and PUFAs) for all stages/PHL. Besides, UFAs constituted the major proportion of fatty acids, whereas PUFAs were the smallest for all stages/PHL regardless of 5-Aza-dC treatment. 5-Aza-dC-induced changes for A. galleriae-A. grisella system seem to be considerable but the effect is reversible according to the result of fatty acid classes.