Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using engagement in sustainable construction to improve mental health and social connection in disadvantaged and hard to reach groups: a new green care approach

Abstract Background: The positive impact of the outdoors on physical and mental health is increasingly being evidenced. However, the impact on vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals engaging in group based sustainable building construction has not been examined. Aim: To provide the first pragmatic examination of the impact of engaging in a brief (8 days over 8 weeks) outdoor sustainable construction project on the mental health and social connectedness of hard to reach and disadvantaged groups. Methods: In study 1, 93 young people not in education, employment or training took part whilst study 2 comprised 55 adults who were asylum seekers, long-term unemployed or men with longstanding depression. Self-report data were collected at baseline and towards the end of the programme. Results: Those with poor mental health and social connection at baseline showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in depression, anxiety, resilience and social connection by the end of the brief intervention. Conclusion: Engagement in a group based sustainable construction project can provide significant mental health and social benefits to a range of vulnerable and hard to reach groups with difficulties in these areas. Building on these findings could be important for health and social care policy for marginalised groups.
The rapidly advancing Class 2 CRISPR‐Cas technologies: A customizable toolbox for molecular manipulations

The CRISPR‐Cas technologies derived from bacterial and archaeal adaptive immune systems have emerged as a series of groundbreaking nucleic acid‐guided gene editing tools, ultimately standing out among several engineered nucleases because of their high efficiency, sequence‐specific targeting, ease of programming and versatility. Facilitated by the advancement across multiple disciplines such as bioinformatics, structural biology and high‐throughput sequencing, the discoveries and engineering of various innovative CRISPR‐Cas systems are rapidly expanding the CRISPR toolbox. This is revolutionizing not only genome editing but also various other types of nucleic acid‐guided manipulations such as transcriptional control and genomic imaging. Meanwhile, the adaptation of various CRISPR strategies in multiple settings has realized numerous previously non‐existing applications, ranging from the introduction of sophisticated approaches in basic research to impactful agricultural and therapeutic applications. Here, we summarize the recent advances of CRISPR technologies and strategies, as well as their impactful applications.
Programmed colorectal cancer screening decreases incidence and mortality.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer- related deaths in the world (1). Detecting and removing precancerous lesions or detecting tumors in early stages through endoscopy decreases CRC mortality (2). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that CRC screening based on guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) and flexible sigmoidoscopy is effective in reducing incidence and mortality rates of CRC (3).
Tfh cell subset biomarkers and inflammatory markers are associated with frailty status and frailty subtypes in the community-dwelling older population: a cross-sectional study

We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating community-dwelling older population to determine association between immunoscenescence marker, inflammatory cytokines and frailty. Frailty status was classified with 33-item modified frailty index and latent class analysis was applied to explore the latent classes (subtypes) of frailty. In multivariable analysis, higher Tfh2 cells were associated with a higher risk of frailty [1.13(1.03–1.25)] in females, but a lower risk of cognitive and functional frail [0.92(0.86–0.99)] and physiological frail [0.92(0.87–0.98)]. Additionally, a greater risk of multi-frail and physiological frail correlated with low Tfh1 [0.77(0.60–0.99); 0.87(0.79–0.96)] and Tfh17 cells [0.79(0.65–0.96); 0.86(0.78–0.94)], respectively. Higher B cells were associated with decreased frailty/pre-frailty both in females [0.89(0.81–0.98)] and males [0.82(0.71–0.96)], but did not correlate with frailty subtypes. Regarding inflammatory markers, participants in the TGF-β 2nd quartile showed a decreased risk of pre-frailty/frailty in females [0.39(0.17–0.89)] and psychological frail [0.37(0.16–0.88)], compared with those in the top tertile. Moreover, we found participants in the 2nd tertile for IL-12 levels showed a decreased risk of physiological frail [0.40 (0.17–0.97)]. Our study highlights the importance of Tfh cell subsets and inflammatory markers in frailty in a sex-specific manner, particularly in terms of frailty subtype.
Developing a mathematical model to predict energy expenditure while bouncing on a trampoline

Abstract Trampolining has become a popular recreational activity, but currently no method exists by which energy expenditure can be indirectly measured while bouncing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce a model to measure energy expenditure while bouncing on a trampoline. To achieve this, the study was completed in two stages. First, a model was developed which calculated the energy absorbed by the trampoline for a known weight. This was achieved using drop tests on a trampoline. Second, the efficiency of energy conversion while trampolining was measured. This involved healthy adults bouncing on a trampoline while energy expenditure was recorded using a gas analyser. The combined datasets from the two parts allowed the formation of a model which can predict energy expenditure while bouncing on a trampoline using only the user’s weight as an input. This model can now be used with an on-trampoline measurement method to track energy expenditure while jumping, thereby facilitating the use of trampolines for health and fitness.
Effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective Enhanced cognitive behavior therapy (CBT‐E) is a transdiagnostic treatment suitable for the full range of eating disorders (EDs). Although the effectiveness of CBT(‐E) is clear, it is not being used as widely in clinical practice as guidelines recommend. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of CBT‐E with treatment as usual (TAU), which was largely based on CBT principles. Method We conducted a randomized controlled trial on a total of 143 adult patients with an ED who received either CBT‐E or TAU. The primary outcome was recovery from the ED. Secondary outcome measures were levels of ED psychopathology, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Self‐esteem, perfectionism, and interpersonal problems were repeatedly measured to examine possible moderating effects. We explored differences in duration and intensity between conditions. Results After 80 weeks, there were no differences between conditions in decrease in ED psychopathology, or symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, in the first six weeks of treatment there was a larger decrease in ED psychopathology in the CBT‐E condition. Moreover, when the internationally most widely used definition of recovery was applied, the recovery rate at 20 weeks of CBT‐E was significantly higher (57.7%) than of TAU (36.0%). At 80 weeks, this difference was no longer significant (CBT‐E 60.9%; TAU 43.6%). Furthermore, CBT‐E was more effective in improving self‐esteem and was also the less intensive and shorter treatment. Discussion With broader use of CBT‐E, the efficiency, accessibility and effectivity (on self‐esteem) of treatment for EDs could be improved.
Engaging Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease in Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: A Community Health Ambassador Training Model

Abstract:Developing innovative strategies to engage patients as research partners is a priority in efforts to reduce health disparities in underserved communities. We describe the development and implementation of a training model to prepare Community Health Ambassadors (CHAs) to serve as liaisons to engage individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) in patient-centered outcomes research. We trained CHAs on research guidelines, human subjects' protection, and SCD self-management. Community Health Ambassadors then employed community-level strategies to engage individuals with SCD and their families (N=432) residing in rural and urban communities throughout Tennessee. By engaging the SCD community, CHAs identified areas of burden for self-management and patientpreferred strategies to engage members of underserved minority groups in research. This community-based training model, which places CHAs as liaisons between researchers and the community, holds promise for scaling-up for replication and implementation in studies seeking to engage underserved populations with a chronic disease in health research.
Vestigial suppresses apoptosis and cell migration in a manner dependent on the level of JNK‐Caspase signaling in the Drosophila wing disc

The Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) signal pathways play important roles in numerous biological processes in Drosophila. The Drosophila vestigial (vg) gene is selectively required for wing imaginal disc cell proliferation, which is essential for the formation of the adult wing and halter structures, and is regulated by Dpp and Wg signaling. Using a Drosophila invasion model of wing epithelium, we showed herein that inhibition of Dpp or Wg signaling promoted cells to migrate across the cell lineage restrictive anterior/posterior (A/P) compartment boundary. Being downstream of both Dpp and Wg signaling, vg can block cell migration induced by loss of either pathway. In addition, suppression of vg is sufficient to induce cell migration across the A/P boundary. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential downstream genes involved in the cell migration after suppressing vg in the wing disc. We further demonstrated that the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling promoted cell migration induced by vg suppression by upregulating Caspase activity. Taken together, our results revealed the requirement of Vg for suppressing cell migration and clarified how developmental signals collaborate to stabilize cells along the compartment boundary.
Norovirus outbreak in a natural playground: A One Health approach

Norovirus constitutes the most frequently identified infectious cause of disease outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water. When investigating outbreaks related to surface water, a One Health approach is insightful. Historically, there has been a focus on potential contamination of recreational water by bird droppings and a recent publication demonstrating human noroviruses in bird faeces suggested this should be investigated in future water‐related norovirus outbreaks. Here, we describe a One Health approach investigating a norovirus outbreak in a natural playground. On social media, a large amount of waterfowl were reported to defecate near these playground premises leading to speculations about their potential involvement. Surface water, as well as human and bird faecal specimens, was tested for human noroviruses. Norovirus was found to be the most likely cause of the outbreak but there was no evidence for transmission via waterfowl. Cases had become known on social media prior to notification to the public health service underscoring the potential of online media as an early warning system. In view of known risk factors, advice was given for future outbreak investigations and natural playground design.
Drug permeation against efflux by two transporters.

Development of new antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria is hampered by the powerful protective properties of their cell envelope. This envelope consists of two membranes augmented by efflux transporters, which act in synergy in restricting cellular access to a broad range of chemical compounds. Recently, a kinetic model of this system has been constructed. The model revealed a complex, non-linear behavior of the system, complete with a bifurcation, and matched very well to experimental uptake data. Here, we expand the model to include multiple transporters and apply it to an experimental analysis of antibiotic accumulation in wild type and efflux-deficient Escherichia coli. We show that transporters acting across the inner and outer membranes have synergistic effects with each other. In contrast, transporters acting across the same membrane are additive as a rule but can be synergistic under special circumstances owing to a bifurcation controlled by the barrier constant. With respect to ethidium bromide, the inner membrane transporter MdfA was synergistic to the TolC-dependent efflux across the outer membrane. The agreement between the model and drug accumulation was very good across a range of tested drug concentrations and strains. However, antibiotic susceptibilities related only qualitatively to the accumulation of the drugs or predictions of the model and could be fit to the model only if additional assumptions were made about physiological consequences of prolonged cell exposure to drugs. Thus, the constructed model correctly predicts transmembrane permeation of various compounds and potentially their intracellular activity.
Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Importance Migraine is one of the most common neurologic disorders in children and adolescents. However, a quantitative comparison of multiple preventive pharmacologic treatments in the pediatric population is lacking. Objective To examine whether prophylactic pharmacologic treatments are more effective than placebo and whether there are differences between drugs regarding efficacy, safety, and acceptability. Data Sources Systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies in MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO published through July 2, 2018. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials of prophylactic pharmacologic treatments in children and adolescents diagnosed as having episodic migraine were included. Abstract, title, and full-text screening were conducted independently by 4 reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis network meta-analysis guidelines. Quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Effect sizes, calculated as standardized mean differences for primary outcomes and risk ratios for discontinuation rates, were assessed in a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were efficacy (ie, migraine frequency, number of migraine days, number of headache days, headache frequency, or headache index), safety (ie, treatment discontinuation owing to adverse events), and acceptability (ie, treatment discontinuation for any reason). Results Twenty-three studies (2217 patients) were eligible for inclusion. Prophylactic pharmacologic treatments included antiepileptics, antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive agents, and food supplements. In the short term (<5 months), propranolol (standard mean difference, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.03-1.17) and topiramate (standard mean difference, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.03-1.15) were significantly more effective than placebo. However, the 95% prediction intervals for these medications contained the null effect. No significant long-term effects for migraine prophylaxis relative to placebo were found for any intervention. Conclusions and Relevance Prophylactic pharmacologic treatments have little evidence supporting efficacy in pediatric migraine. Future research could (1) identify factors associated with individual responses to pharmacologic prophylaxis, (2) analyze fluctuations of migraine attack frequency over time and determine the most clinically relevant length of probable prophylactic treatment, and (3) identify nonpharmacologic targets for migraine prophylaxis.
Emergence of ST11-K47 and ST11-K64 hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in bacterial liver abscesses from China: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study

ABSTRACT Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially those with high virulence, are an emerging problem in clinical settings. Methods: We conducted a multicentre epidemiological and comparative genomic analysis on the evolution, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in patients with bacterial liver abscesses from 2012 to 2016. Results: A total of 477 bacterial isolates were collected. Enterobacteriaceae were the main pathogen (89.3%) with K. pneumoniae (52.4%) predominating followed by Escherichia coli (26.8%). All CRKps (3.2%) were of sequence type (ST) 11 and serotypes K47 or K64, and simultaneously possessed acquired bla KPC-2/bla KPC-5 and bla CTX-M-65 together with the multidrug transporter EmrE. Seven Hv-CRKps (five ST11-K47, two ST11-K64) were confirmed by bacteriological test, neutrophil killing assay and Galleria mellonella infection model. Genomic analysis indicated that the emergence of one ST11-K64 Hv-CRKp strain was related to the acquisition of rmpA/rmpA2 genes and siderophore gene clusters, while ST11-K47 Hv-CRKp lacked these traditional virulence genes. Further complete genome analysis of one ST11-K47 Hv-CRKp strain, R16, showed that it acquired a rare plasmid (pR16-Hv-CRKp1) carrying bla KPC-2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-65, rmtB and a predicted virulence gene R16_5486 simultaneously. Conclusion: The emergence of the ST11-K47/K64 Hv-CRKps, which are simultaneously multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent, requires urgent control measures to be implemented.
Survival analysis of multiple myeloma patients after autologous stem cell transplantation.

Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been applied to treat the hematologic malignancies since the 1980s. However, allogenic transplantation has inherent complications such as graft-versus-host disease and graft failure. Autologous transplantation has become more and more popular because of its lower transplant-related mortality. This study was performed to analyze the possible prognostic factors for myeloma patients post stem cell transplantation. Methods Patients' information was collected by history review and follow-up through the phone call. Kaplan-Meier was used to exhibit overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. A P<0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results Thirty patients with multiple myeloma were included in this study, 7 of them died because of myeloma relapse and myeloma-associated complications. The average survival time was 29.8 months and the median follow-up was 25.1 months. The 1-year OS and PFS were 93.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Both the 3-year OS and PFS were 76.7%. In a variety of factors, improved renal function showed a good effect on the outcome of transplantation. Conclusions To prevent cancer relapse after autologous transplantation, it is of great significance to achieve a complete remission prior to the transplantation.
Desensitizing Toothpastes for Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Network Meta-analysis

The goal of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to compare the relative effects of toothpaste formulations for dentin hypersensitivity (DH), tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched 7 databases to February 2019. Paired reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and performed risk of bias assessment. The outcome of interest was painful response measured through tactile, cold, and air stimuli. We conducted a random-effects Bayesian network meta-analysis using standardized mean difference (SMD) and their credible intervals (CIs) as the measure of effect for each pain stimuli. We assessed certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We included 125 RCTs (12,541 patients). For tactile stimulus, the following active ingredients showed large beneficial effects compared to fluoride with moderate certainty of evidence (SMD; 95% CI): potassium + stannous fluoride (SnF2) (3.05; 1.69–4.41), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (2.14; 0.75–3.53), SnF2 (2.02; 1.06–2.99), potassium + hydroxyapatite (2.47; 0.3–4.64), strontium (1.43; 0.46–2.41), and potassium (1.23; 0.48–1.98). For cold stimulus, CSP showed large beneficial effects compared to fluoride (3.93; 0.34–7.53) with moderate certainty; for air stimulus, arginine (2.22; 1.45–2.99), potassium + hydroxyapatite (2.44; 0.33–4.55), potassium + SnF2 (2.28; 0.87–3.69), CSP (1.98; 0.99–2.98), and SnF2 (1.9; 1.03–2.77) showed large beneficial effects compared to fluoride with moderate to high certainty. Most toothpaste formulations showed evidence of superiority against placebo or fluorides (amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, or sodium fluoride). CSP was most beneficial for all 3 stimuli with high to moderate certainty. SnF2 alone and potassium combined with SnF2 or hydroxyapatite were beneficial for tactile and air stimulus with high to moderate certainty. Arginine was beneficial for air stimulus, and strontium and potassium were beneficial for tactile stimulus, with moderate certainty.
Using a 4K-3D Exoscope for Upper Airway Stimulation Surgery: Proof-of-Concept

Objective: Demonstrate the potential of the 4K-3D exoscope during upper airway stimulation surgery (UAS). Methods: A proof-of-concept study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of the exoscope during three consecutive UAS. Results: The exoscope was employed during UAS including cuff electrode and sensing lead placement. Three cases were successfully completed without adverse perioperative event; mean operative time was 200 minutes (range 188-218 minutes) with a successive reduction in operative time. Conclusion: This experience demonstrates the potential viability of the exoscope for UAS; it is a safe, innovative, and effective alternative or adjunct to existing visualization modalities. Notable advantages include improved ergonomics, unobstructed surgical field access, wide depth of field visualization, and short learning curve. Future technological enhancements could allow the exoscope to become a promising next-generation tool in the armamentarium of the contemporary sleep surgeon.
Clinical Utility of Preoperative Bilingual Language fMRI Mapping in Patients with Brain Tumors

Previous literature has demonstrated disparity in the postoperative recovery of first and second language function of bilingual neurosurgical patients. However, it is unclear to whether preoperative brain mapping of both languages is needed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of language task functional MRI (fMRI) implemented in both languages in bilingual patients.