Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two ( ’ plus one ’ )-Dimensional Simulation of Pellet Cloud Evolution in the Poloidal Plane Part I : Prescribed Particle Source Strength

The evolution of pellet clouds in magnetically confined thermonuclear plasmas is studied by means of a time-dependent two-dimensional resistive MHD model applicable to the poloidal plane of a plasma torus. A massive neutral particle source representing a pellet traverses the plasma and continuously releases cold and unionized particles. Its motion is confined to a poloidal plane, which is thus considered to be a symmetry plane of the model. The conservation equations supplemented by Maxwell’s equations, Ohm’s generalized law, and a number of rate equations are solved for the symmetry plane. To each mesh point of the Eulerian grid in the poloidal plane, a toroidal ’flux tube’ is attached. The field-aligned expansion of the ablated substance in these flux tubes and the corresponding change of the state parameters are computed in a Lagrangian approximation. Hence the two-dimensional Eulerian resistive MHD code is operated alternating with the one-dimensional Lagrangian routine. In the first series of computations, the neutral particle source strength is a prescribed input parameter, the applied magnetic field as well as the initial state parameters of the background plasma are uniform. Results of these calculations are presented and the solutions obtained are discussed.
Automatic American Sign Language Imitation Evaluator

Imitation and evaluation procedure is important for ASL learning and teaching. However, the current online ASL learning resources do not provide affordable and convenient imitation-evaluation function. To solve this problem, we propose an Automatic American Sign Language Imitation Evaluator (AASLIE) to evaluate the hand movement in the imitation. The proposed AASLIE system extracts 3D trajectory of the centroid of the hand by first applying a two-stage algorithm for 2D hand detection and tracking allowing possible hand-face overlaps. The 3D trajectory is extracted using a Structure from Motion algorithm with the point correspondences calculated from minimizing an affine transformation. The evaluation contains two parts, recognition and quantitative evaluation, for giving more sensitive feedback than the current sign language recognition systems. The recognition is achieved by a classification algorithm. The quantitative evaluation score, which indicates the goodness of imitation, is given by a weighted sum of point-wise distance between the imitation trajectory and the standard trajectory. Experiments were conducted for testing the recognition and quantitative evaluation functionality proposed in the system. The results show that the AASLIE system recognizes the trajectories with an average accuracy 0.8581(±0.05) and the score accurately captures the different levels of goodness of imitation.
Terrestrial Carbon Modeling : Baseline and Projections in Lowland Ecosystems of Alaska

• Historical biogenic and pyrogenic methane (CH4 ) emissions from Alaska wetland ecosystems were estimated to average about 27.93 teragrams of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (TgCO2-eq/yr) and 0.466 TgCO2-eq/yr during the 1950s, respectively. Biogenic and pyrogenic CH4 emissions significantly increased from 1950 through 2009 by 0.977 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per square meter per year (gCO2-eq/m 2/yr) and 0.037 gCO2-eq/m 2/yr, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) of wetlands over the historical period indicates a significant source of greenhouse gas forcing of 33 TgCO2-eq/yr.
Computation of Discrete Logarithms in Prime Fields

The presumed difficulty of compoting di~rete logarithms in finite fields is the basis of several popular public key cryptosystems. The secure identification option of the Sun Network File System, for example, uses discrete logarithms in a field GF(p) with p a prime of 192 bits. This paper describes an implementation of a discrete logarithm algorithm which shows that primes of under 200 bits, such as that in the Sun system, are very insecure. Same enhancements to this system are suggested.
Title Emotional Speech Recognition and Synthesis in Multiple Languages toward Affective Speech-to-Speech Translation System

Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is the process by which a spoken utterance in one language is used to produce a spoken output in another language. The cnventional approach to S2ST has focused on processing linguistic information only by directly translating the spoken utterance from the source language to the target language without taking into account para-linguistic and non-linguistic information such as the emotional states at play in the source language. In this work, we explore how to deal with paraand non-linguistic information among multiple languages, with a particular focus on speakers’ emotional states, in S2ST scenarios called “affective S2ST. ” In our efforts to construct an effective system, we discuss (1) how to describe emotions in speech and how to model the perception/production of emotions and (2) the commonality and differences among multiple languages in the proposed model. We then use these discussions as context for (3) an examination of our “affective S2ST” system in operation. Keywords-Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) system; paralinguistic and non-linguistic information; emotion recognition/synthesis; multiple languages
Exits from immigrant self- employment

This paper is a study of exit rates from self-employment among immigrants in Sweden. A survey was administered to all immigrants who became self-employed during the period 2001–2005 and to the members of a native comparison group. The respondents were then followed up to the year 2010. Immigrants were found to have a lower propensity than natives of exiting self-employment for wage-employment but a higher propensity than natives of exiting self-employment for unemployment or for economic inactivity. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions are conducted to study the extent to which different background characteristics affect differences in exit rates between immigrants and natives. In line with previous research, we find that labour market and self-employment experience prior to selfemployment as well as access to financial capital are important explanations for the difference between non-European immigrants and natives in exit rates from self-employment to unemployment and to being economically inactive. This paper is part of the project “Intergenerational redistribution among immigrants – Does that explain self-employment and labour market differences? ” financed by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare”. The Council’s support is gratefully acknowledged. Please direct all correspondence to Lina Aldén. lina.alden@lnu.se
The assessment of the Quality of Life in patients with atrial fibrillation , treated with dabigatran vs acenocoumarol ; A prospective study

The comparison of the quality of life (QoL) between two different groups of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) depending on their anticoagulant treatment; those that receive dabigatran (DB) and those who receive acenocoumarol (AC). Fifty patients received AC and 50 patients received DB. The Euro Quality of Life-15D (EQ-15D and the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life (AFEQT), where used to assess the quality of life of patients with AF. The statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS version 19.0. There was no significant difference at the total score of EQ-15D and AFEQT between the two groups of patients (p>0.05). The mean score of EQ-15D for AC was 60.6±9.6 vs. 62.7±9.5 for DB and the mean score of AFEQT for AC was 69.1 ±19.8 vs. 73.1±17.2 for DB. Despite the fact that AC is a treatment definitely more demanding than DB the quality of the patient’s life in Greece is not affected by the different treatment.
Diversity profile of protists flagellates isolated from hindgut of Heterotermes indicola Wasmann (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Pakistan.

Heterotermes indicola (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) is a lower termite which harbor entozoic flagellates for cellulose digestion thus causing considerable damage to forests and wooden materials throughout the world except Antarctica. About 434 flagellate’s species have been identified in the hindgut of different termite species which belong to one of the three orders: Trichomonadida, Hypermastigida and Oxymonadida (Inoue et al., 2000). During the last two decades termite gut flagellates have been classified using molecular methods, which are considered to be good tools for species identification and for defining evolutionary inferences (Yang and Rannala, 2012). Saldarriaga et al. (2011) described the morphology and phylogeny of two Pseudotrichonympha species i.e. P. hertwigi from Coptotermes testaceus and P. paulistana from Heterotermes tenuis. Phylogenetic analysis of fifteen species of Pseudotrichonympha was described by Noda et al. (2007) from different termite species. However, he suggested that only one species of Pseudotrichonympha is found in a termite species at one time. Thus the evolutionary history of Pseudotrichonympha is important not only due to its host specificity but as a host of bacterial endosymbionts, which account for more than two third of the total bacterial population in the termite gut (Noda et al., 2007). The endomicrobes found in the hindgut of termites play a major role in cellulose digestion and manufacture cellulases that break down cellulose into acetate, propionate and butyrate. They also fix nitrogen that gets incorporated into the termite’s tissues, excrement and secretions (Mathew et al., 2012). Recycling of uric acid by the termite gut bacteria is another source of nitrogen (Thong-On et al., 2012). With the aid of these endomicrobes, such small insects (termites) cause damage worth billions to woods and wooden materials. The information pertaining to protozoa, found in the termites as symbionts, will be helpful towards designing strategies for the production of cellulases and control of lower termites via the development of drugs targeting these protozoa. Owing to their importance in the termite hindgut, information about these endomicrobes and their diversity is extremely important. The present work was aimed to investigate the diversity of flagellated protozoa with a special focus on P. grassii, the largest and the most abundant protozoan found in the hindgut of H. indicola. Moreover, to control the population rate of termites and to protect the huge wood damage and economic loss, it is necessary to eliminate the population of gut flagellates which play an important role in cellulose digestion of termites and made symbiotic relationship with each other. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 56(4), 943-951; 2019 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI:10.21162/PAKJAS/19.3948 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
MIXED LOAD / DISPLACEMENT CONTROL STRATEGY FOR HYBRID SIMULATION

Owing to multiple actuator interaction and the nonlinear nature of coordinate transformations, spatial mixed load-displacement control algorithms are still major theoretical and practical challenges. This paper presents a mixed load and displacement control strategy for coupled multi-axial control systems that can be employed for static and hybrid simulation. The method is based on an incremental iterative approach employing the Broyden update of the stiffness Jacobian of the test specimen. Experimental verification is performed on reinforced concrete (RC) columns employing a state-of-the-art six-degrees-of-freedom self-reacting box at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. Experimental results indicate that the proposed mixed-mode testing method exhibits excellent control performance and robustness even when the specimens are highly inelastic. The framework and example application are transferable to other simulation platforms.
The Long-run Effect of Innovations on Economic Growth

This study uses patent and trademark statistics as innovation measures to examine the longrun relationship between innovation and output in countries with a long-established system of intellectual property rights (IPR). The findings provide evidence that innovation may no longer play a positive role in driving economic growth in some countries. Post-World War II evidence for countries with extensive measured innovation (the US, Germany and the UK) shows innovation had non-positive effects on economic growth. However, a positive role for innovation was retained in Japan, France and Australia. Long-run output elasticities with respect to innovation among these countries ranged from 0 to 65 per cent pre-World War II and -74 to 82 per cent post-World War II. Using two different innovation measures, the sign and statistical significance of the innovation’s long-run effect on economic growth across countries are quite similar.
On creating depth maps from monoscopic video using structure from motion

The depth-image-based rendering technique is a promising technology for three-dimensional television (3D-TV) systems. For such a system, one of the key components is to generate a high-quality per-pixel depth map, particularly for already existing 2D video sequences. This paper proposes a framework for creating the depth map from uncalibrated video sequences of static scenes using the Structure From Motion (SFM) technique. This paper describes the architecture and the main components of the proposed framework. The initial experimental results show that SFM can be an effective way for creating the depth map, or it can be used to refine the depth map created by other methods, for example, the Depth From Cues (DFC) technique.
Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Wastewater using Zeolite Synthesized from Coal Fly Ash

Zeolite was synthesized from coal fly ash by direct hydrothermal treatment with sodium hydroxide at different concentration ratios at temperature 550 °C and activation time of 4 hrs. Characterization of coal fly ash and synthesized zeolite was done using XRD, SEM and FTIR. It was used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue dye from wastewater. Batch studies were carried out to study the effect of pH, adsorbent doses, adsorbate concentration, temperature and contact time. The results of batch studies revealed that the adsorption of Methylene Blue was strongly pH dependent and maximum Methylene Blue removal was observed at equilibrium pH of 8.0. Optimum adsorbent dose and contact time were found to be 5 g/l and 15 minutes respectively. Approx. 97 % of Methylene Blue was adsorbed at 50 mg/l at 30 °C. Kinetic studies have been performed to have an idea of the mechanistic aspects of the process. The results also show that adsorption increases with increase in temperature thereby showing the process endothermic in nature. Adsorption data have also been correlated with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
CAOL from ! { xl } Applying ! to CT MBIR D ⋆ Sinogram ! y Training dataset !

Convolutional operator learning is gaining attention in many signal processing and computer vision applications. Learning kernels has mostly relied on so-called patch-domain approaches that extract and store many overlapping patches across training signals. Due to memory demands, patch-domain methods have limitations when learning kernels from large datasets – particularly with multi-layered structures, e.g., convolutional neural networks – or when applying the learned kernels to highdimensional signal recovery problems. The so-called convolution approach does not store many overlapping patches, and thus overcomes the memory problems particularly with careful algorithmic designs; it has been studied within the “synthesis” signal model, e.g., convolutional dictionary learning. This paper proposes a new convolutional analysis operator learning (CAOL) framework that learns an analysis sparsifying regularizer with the convolution perspective, and develops a new convergent Block Proximal Extrapolated Gradient method using a Majorizer (BPEGM) to solve the corresponding block multi-nonconvex problems. To learn diverse filters within the CAOL framework, this paper introduces an orthogonality constraint that enforces a tight-frame filter condition, and a regularizer that promotes diversity between filters. Numerical experiments show that, with sharp majorizers, BPEG-M significantly accelerates the CAOL convergence rate compared to the state-of-the-art block proximal gradient (BPG) method. Numerical experiments for sparse-view computational tomography show that a convolutional sparsifying regularizer learned via CAOL significantly improves reconstruction quality compared to a conventional edge-preserving regularizer. Using more and wider kernels in a learned regularizer better preserves edges in reconstructed images.
A HYBRID METHOD OF RULE-BASED AND STRING MATCHING STEMMER FOR JAVANESE LANGUAGE

Language is rich in morphological variations but poor in linguistic computational resources. Ngoko Javanese language is a morphologically rich language that has a different variant form of words. This paper describes an algorithm by which a stem for Ngoko Javanese language. Ngoko Javanese language stemmer is efficiently used in information retrieval. Through this algorithm, we can get a root from its actual word. We use a hybrid rule-based and string matching algorithm. Special rules are created to remove the prefixes and suffixes of the Ngoko Javanese terms. The algorithm has been tested on hundreds of Ngoko Javanese words. Results reveal that the accuracy reaches to about 67%.
Phaneros: Visibility‐based framework for massive peer‐to‐peer virtual environments

Contemporary distributed virtual environments are growing out of terabytes of 3D content and hundreds of thousands of users. Server–client architectures have become inadequate for fulfilling the scalability requirements. The peer‐to‐peer architectures provide inherently scalable, cost‐effective distributed solutions for distributed virtual environments. We present a fully distributed peer‐to‐peer framework, Phaneros, which is capable of providing necessary means to realize more efficient and more scalable massive distributed virtual environments. Using the presented visibility‐aware interest management, Phaneros performs better than existing overlays, achieving single‐hop update dissemination while having lower bandwidth requirements. The provided visibility‐aware 3D streaming scheme distributes 3D content more efficiently without creating any significant load on the server. Our test results show significant improvements over existing frameworks.
Comparison of Pandemic ( H 1 N 1 ) 2009 and Seasonal In fl uenza Viral Loads , Singapore

A clinical characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 have been well documented (1,2), fewer specifi c virologic comparisons with seasonal infl uenza have been studied in hospitalized patients (3). Studies of other infl uenza virus infections in humans suggest that host immune responses play a major role in determining clinical outcomes (4,5). We describe the initial viral loads for patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal (H1 and H3) infl uenza viruses and their correlation with various aspects of signs and symptoms at admission to the National University Hospital (NUH) in Singapore.
WHEAT GENETIC DIVERSITY AND DNA MARKERS IN RELATION WITH RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS

Genetic diversity related to response to drought stress of 26 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (15 resistant and 11 susceptible) was evaluated at the DNA level using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Among 20 primers evaluated using the RAPD assay, 10 produced 103 reproducible DNA fragments. The average number of polymorphic bands per RAPD primers was 5.3. The percentage of polymorphism in RAPD primers ranged from 25% to 90%. Among 21 inter microsatellite primers used in the ISSR assay, 11 primers generated 139 DNA fragments. The average number of polymorphic bands per ISSR primer was 12.6. The percentage of polymorphic bands was higher for ISSRs (63%) than for RAPDs (50%). The clustering dendrogram generated by ISSR based similarity matrix, segregated resistant and susceptible cultivars better than the RAPD based clustering dendrogram. Based on ISSR data, 26 wheat cultivars were clustered into four groups including two resistant and two susceptible groups. In our research, ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assays, and we suggest that the use of ISSR markers could be valuable in studies of genetic diversity and in differentiating between resistant and susceptible cultivars.
Frequency-reconfigurable 8 × 8 MIMO handset utilizing combinatory feeding

The rapid development of smartphones during the past decade has increased the number of antennas in mobile handsets. In conjunction with large touch screens that occupy large portions of the devices, designing and fitting multiple antennas to a mobile phone has become a challenging task. This master’s thesis studies different methods for mobile handset design. In addition, this work introduces a novel method: Combinatory feeding, which can be used to implement high-efficiency antennas for mobile applications. The method relies on simultaneous excitation of a multiport antenna and does not require external matching circuitry consisting of lumped elements. To test the proposed method, an antenna prototype is designed for 0.7–6.5 GHz frequency range. The design consists of eight individual antennas and it is designed to support 2 x 2 MIMO in a low 0.7–0.9 GHz band and 8 x 8 MIMO at high bands. The designed antennas feature high efficiency at wide frequency band. According to simulations, the total efficiency of the antennas is above 50 % in 1.55–6.5 GHz frequency band. The antenna design is manufactured and experimentally verified with S-parameters and far-field patterns measurements. The obtained results match the simulated results well. However, computational results that further describe the handsets performance differ from the simulated values due to effects of measurement cables. Despite the discrepancies, the obtained results indicate that combinatory feeding method can be utilized for designing wideband mobile antennas by using simple radiating bodies.
Optimization of Adaptive Spiking Neural Networks on GPU

Adaptive Spiking Neural Networks (ASNN’s) have shown to outperform state-of-the-art Spiking Neural Networks. An Adaptive Spiking Neuron (ASN) can effectively be used as a drop-in replacement for a neural ReLU unit in conventional (deep and/or convolutional) neural networks to obtain a spiking ReLU neuron. Biologically plausible, these units encode information in a highly efficient fashion. Characteristic for these ASN’s is that they compute event-driven highly sparse input for downstream convolutional layers in the network. The convolution operation in these layers is highly suitable for parallelization – which has accounted for significant speed-up in processing state-of-the-art neural networks. These convolutional operations – however often highly optimized do not account for the sparse input pattern computed by an ASN. One might have the intuition, the sparser input becomes, the less elements contribute to the computation of a convolution, the faster the computation should occur. By proposing a kernel that accounts for input in sparse format, I try to expose whether there is indeed such a space-time trade-off. Furthermore, due to bounded memory bandwidth on conventional processors these networks are not able run in a real-time fashion. With significantly increased memory bandwidth on the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) and the parallel nature of their architecture, exploiting that sparse behaviour in a suitable data structure to come to efficient sparse convolution may ultimately enable significant reduction of memory overhead and operation time speed-up. Deployment of an ASNN in real-time filtering settings are then likely to follow.