Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Future Climate Changes on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Terrestrial Ecosystems over China

Understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to future climate changes would substantially contribute to the scientific assessment of vegetation–climate interactions. Here, the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics of vegetation in China were projected and compared based on comprehensive sequential classification system (CSCS) model under representative concentration pathway (RCP) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, and five sensitivity levels were proposed. The results show that the CSCS model performs well in simulating vegetation distribution. The number of vegetation types would increase from 36 to 40. Frigid–perhumid rain tundra and alpine meadow are the most distributed vegetation types, with an area of more than 78.45 × 104 km2, whereas there are no climate conditions suitable for tropical–extra-arid tropical desert in China. Some plants would benefit from climate changes to a certain extent. Warm temperate–arid warm temperate zone semidesert would expand by more than 1.82% by the 2080s. A continuous expansion of more than 18.81 × 104 km2 and northward shift of more than 124.93 km in tropical forest would occur across all three scenarios. However, some ecosystems would experience inevitable changes. More than 1.33% of cool temperate–extra-arid temperate zone desert would continuously shrink. Five sensitivity levels present an interphase distribution. More extreme scenarios would result in wider ecosystem responses. The evolutionary trend from cold–arid vegetation to warm–wet vegetation is a prominent feature despite the variability in ecosystem responses to climate changes.
Direction finding and beamforming using cylindrical array of dipole antennas in the presence of cylindrical scatterer/reflector including the mutual coupling effect

Iran National Science Foundation Abstract Three‐dimensional dipole arrays are normally used at the proximity of a reflective structure. Filamentary short‐circuited dipoles are proposed to model the effect of the reflector structure. The computational burden is significantly reduced by using mutual impedance matrices. An analytical method of modelling the effect of the cylindrical reflector in a three‐ dimensional cylindrical geometry of dipole antenna arrays is introduced both for direction finding and beamforming applications in the presence ofmutual coupling. The results of the implementation of the MUSIC (multiple signal classification) direction‐finding algorithm show that the proposed model for accounting the cylindrical reflector, in the presence of a mutual coupling effect, has the required efficiency and reduced root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE). Monte‐Carlo simulations for the beamforming algorithm are conducted to evaluate the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) values in the presence of a cylindrical reflector and the results show that the model has the desired performance. The whole process of beamforming and pattern generation has been verified through high‐frequency structural simulator (HFSS) simulation. The simplicity, adequate precision and lowcomputational cost of this method can be appropriately used in the cylindrical reflector/scatterer in three‐ dimensional geometries, especially for base station applications.
Table understanding approaches for extracting knowledge from heterogeneous tables

Table understanding methods extract, transform, and interpret the information contained in tabular data embedded in documents/files of different formats. Such automatic understanding would allow to exploit tabular information with the aim of accurately answering queries, or integrating heterogeneous repositories of information in a common knowledge base, or exchanging information among different sources. The purpose of this survey is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research efforts so far devoted to the problem of table understanding and to describe systems that support the transformation of heterogeneous tables into meaningful information.
Investigation into Microstructure, Wear Resistance in Air and NaCl Solution of AlCrCoNiFeCTax High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

AlCrCoNiFeCTax (x = 0, 0.5 and 1.0) high-entropy alloys coatings were synthesized on 45# steel by laser cladding. The microstructural evolution of the coatings with the change in x was analyzed in detail. The effect of Ta content on the wear behaviors of the coatings at different circumstances (in air and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution) was especially highlighted. The microstructure presented the following change: equiaxed BCC (Body Centered Cubic) grains + fine MC (carbide, M = Al, Cr, Co and Ni) particles (x = 0) → equiaxed BCC grains + coarse TaC blocks + fine TaC particles (x = 0.5) → flower-like BCC grains + coarse TaC blocks + eutecticum (BCC + TaC) (x = 1.0). The average microhardness of the coatings demonstrated an upward tendency with increasing x due to the combination of the stronger solid solution and dispersion strengthening from the significant difference in atomic radius between Ta and Fe and the formation of TaC with an extremely high hardness. The wear rates of the coatings were gradually reduced both in air and in NaCl solution along with the increase in Ta content, which were lower than those of the substrate. The wear rates of the coatings with x = 0.5 and 1.0 in NaCl solution were slightly reduced by about 17% and 12% when compared with those in air. However, the values of the substrate and the coating without Ta in NaCl solution were sharply enhanced by 191% and 123% when compared with those in air. This indicated that the introduction of Ta contributed to the improvement in wear resistance both in air and in NaCl solution.
Impact of COVID-19 on routine immunization in Oyo State, Nigeria: trend analysis of immunization data in the pre- and post-index case period; 2019-2020

Introduction the response to COVID-19 pandemic has posed new obstacles to the fragile health system, most especially in the area of vaccination across much of Africa. As the response to the pandemic intensifies through the application of non-pharmacologic interventions as well as enforcement of the lockdowns across African cities, there is a significant risk that more children will miss out on life-saving vaccines that can prevent childhood killer diseases. This study was therefore conducted to look at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods we conducted a descriptive secondary analysis of immunization data between July 2019 and August 2020. These data were retrieved from the monitoring and evaluation unit of Oyo State Primary Health Care Board. The data were extracted from the original paper format and entered into Excel sheets. Line graphs were plotted to compare the trends of the coverage rates before and after the index case of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results the average coverage rates for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) before and after index case were 85.8% and 82.1% respectively, while it was 63.5% and 60.0% for HBV0. For the co-administered vaccines at 14 weeks, Penta 3, OPV 3, PCV 3 and IPV coverage rates dropped from 76.1%, 75.4%, 75.1% and 73.5% to 72.0%, 71.4%, 72.0% and 71.9% respectively. The average coverage rates for yellow fever and measles dropped sharply from 77.0% and 74.5% and 64.6% and 58.6% respectively. The average drop-out rates for the pre-and post-index case periods were 5.0% and 4.7% respectively. For the planned fixed and outreach sessions, none of the monthly sessions met the target of 100.0% in the post-index case period. Conclusion decreased vaccination coverage for vaccine-preventable diseases could cause parallel outbreaks with COVID-19 and further exacerbate the strain on health systems attempting to end the acute phase of this pandemic. Therefore, as the dramatic second wave unfolds, the Government of Nigeria must take deliberate steps to strike a balance between a fresh lockdown and the imperative of uninterrupted social service. In this wise, it must remain committed to a timely vaccination program.
Gradient boosting for quantitative finance

In this paper, we discuss how tree-based machine learning techniques can be used in the context of derivatives pricing. Gradient boosted regression trees are employed to learn the pricing map for a couple of classical, time-consuming problems in quantitative finance. In particular, we illustrate this methodology by reducing computation times for pricing exotic derivative products and American options. Once the gradient boosting model is trained, it is used to make fast predictions of new prices. We show that this approach leads to speed-ups of several orders of magnitude, while the loss of accuracy is very acceptable from a practical point of view. Besides the predictive performance of machine learning methods, financial regulators attach more and more importance to the interpretability of pricing models. For both applications, we therefore look under the hood of the gradient boosting model and try to reveal how the price is constructed and interpreted.
The Third Body Effect of Carbon Dioxide on N-heptane Ignition Delay Characteristics under O2/CO2 Conditions

ABSTRACT In order to study the impact of CO2 during n-heptane ignition delay under O2/CO2 conditions, this study presents a numerical and experimental study in four cases (40 mol.% O2/60 mol.% CO2, 50 mol.% O2/50 mol.% CO2, 57 mol.% O2/43 mol.% CO2 and 65 mol.% O2/35 mol.% CO2). Firstly, a third body effect (TBE) model is presented, which considers the third body efficiency of CO2. Secondly, the TBE model adds the third body efficiency into a one-step global mechanism and obtains an ignition delay time formula according to the auto-ignition theory. Thirdly, experiments are carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) test system. Furthermore, the experiment and simulation results are compared and discussed. In addition, two parameters (α and β) are defined to study the third body effect and the chemical effect of CO2 respectively. Finally, chemical kinetic analyses are used to study the CO2 effect. The results show that the TBE model is in agreement with the experiment and the maximum difference is 8.94% under the 57 mol. % O2/43 mol. % CO2 condition. The third body effect is the main effect of CO2 and it can decrease small molecule intermediates and radicals. Besides, C3H6O is the most affected species by the third body effect of CO2 among four prominent intermediate species. Furthermore, the third body effect of CO2 inhibits most paths of OH production. H+ O2→O+ OH (R11) is the most affected pathway whose peak rate of production (ROP) decreases by 51.5%.
OPTIMIZATION ACTIVITIES IN A CONTAINER TERMINAL TO REDUCE IDLE TIME IN LOADING-UNLOADING OPERATION

In line with the implementation of development in Indonesia, whose main target is in the field of economic development, trade activities are one of the sectors of economic development, constantly developing their role. Therefore, it is necessary to have adequate transportation facilities, both by land, sea, and air. The dynamics of the construction can be seen clearly both in terms of the number of high-rise buildings, vehicles, activity facilities, residential areas, and other infrastructure. This condition requires careful, fast, and precise anticipation from the Regional Governent and various policies in a spatial structure feasibility plan that considers the ability of transportation support as one of the main supports. This study seeks to study and analyze the related handling of idle time at PT Samudera Indonesia Jakarta by optimizing loading and unloading activities on container ships. By using descriptive qualitative methods and samples taken from PT Samudera Indonesia Jakarta, the following results are obtained: Problems in the system The cargodoring are: Difficult to direct the location of container dropping from the ship, The slow process of container dropping from the ship, Limited number of cranes, The occurrence of transportation queues, Limited ability to carry containers for each transport, Required trucks in large quantities, There was a clash between trucks that carry out the process of loading and unloading containers, the difficulty of directing the location of containers if it must be stacked with other containers, the development idea is to make a cargodoring handling system using a headless semi-automatic train, which utilizes seawater power and the conveyor system. Keywords : Idle time, Optimization, Loading, Container, Samudra Indonesia
Evolution of policy labs and use of design for policy in UK government

Abstract At the intersection between theory and practice on “design” and “policy,” there is small but expanding knowledge base on the concept of “design for policy. ” Government interest in design methods for policy-making has grown significantly since the late 1990s, particularly within policy labs. Policy labs are multidisciplinary government teams experimenting with a range of innovation methods, including design, to involve citizens in public policy development. There are more than 100 labs across the globe and around 14 at national and regional levels in the UK. While new policy labs continue to pop up, some are changing and some are closing their doors. How have the operating models of policy labs evolved? How might we enhance the resilience of labs? These are some of the questions explored in a 2-year Arts and Humanities Research Council Fellowship called People Powering Policy. The research draws on insight from established Labs including Policy Lab in the Cabinet Office, HMRC Policy Lab and the Northern Ireland Innovation Lab as well as emerging labs to address the research question: how might policy labs be developed, reviewed and evaluated? Based on interviews, workshops and immersive residencies the main outputs were a Typology of Policy Lab Financing Models and a Lab Proposition Framework for establishing, reviewing and evaluating policy labs. The typology outlines four models for UK labs financing models – Sponsorship (funding from one or multiple departments), Contribution (labs recover part of the costs of projects), Cost Recovery (labs charge for projects on a not-for-profit basis), Hybrid (labs benefit from multiple income sources such as Sponsorship, charging and knowledge exchange funding) and Consultancy (labs charge a consultancy rate with a profit margin to expand operations). The Lab Proposition Framework comprises of four components (1) Proposition – the vision, governance and finance models; (2) Product – the offering, user needs and tools; (3) People – the people skills, knowledge diffusion and wider capacity building; (4) Process – the routes to engagement, user journey and promotion mechanism.
An insight into the polymeric structures in Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn)

Article history Received: 30 November 2020 Accepted: 22 December 2020 Published Online: 5 March 2021 Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabellifer Linn) is a native tree with various ecological, medicinal, economic, and sociological benefits from Asian countries. Palmyra Palm tree-based self-reliant lifestyle and Eco-friendly community living which leads to sustainable development can be called palmyra culture. For each component, Palmyra Palm is the most beneficial species that has economic and medicinal value that could sustain adverse climatic conditions and resist natural calamities. Non-edible, edible, and value add-based uses could be widely categorized into the utility of the plant. Palmyra palm tree is working like a non-stop biochemical factory, creates sugars and many otheruseful chemicals. It also produces many useful polymeric compounds such as pectin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pentosanpolysulfate, polyphenols, and lignin. The current review gives an insight into the structural, biological, and polymeric elements of Asian palmyra.
The Demand For Money In China: A Housing Price Perspective

ABSTRACT This paper studies the association between housing prices and the demand for money, and the effectiveness of non-monetary policies on the latter. With a simple model of the demand for money, we show that the demand for money is positively associated with both the prices of the consumption goods and housing prices. Such associations are verified by empirical analysis using Chinese data. However, we find that such correlation significantly dropped after China launched housing price regulations in 2010, suggesting that non-monetary policies can be effective in controlling the demand for money.
Sustainability and Consumer Willingness to Pay for Legumes: A Laboratory Study with Lentils

We performed a laboratory study in France to explore consumer reactions to information about lentils, a legume whose consumption is sustainable and recommended by nutritionists and environmentalists. More specifically, we examined the effect of informational messages on consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for lentils bearing different production labels. Study participants were given two generic messages designed to promote lentils as a general product with nutritional and environmental benefits. These messages were followed by two specific messages related to one lentil packet with revealed information about the use of certain agricultural practices (e.g., intercropping, organic and local production, and producer partnerships). Initial WTP were measured before the information was provided. The results show that labeling had a strong influence on initial WTP. When WTP were measured after the participants had received the generic and specific informational messages, we observed a weak but significant influence for the lentils with organic and local production labels. There was no effect for the lentils without any production labels. We thus conclude that providing generic information via official recommendations and further developing legume labeling systems could act synergistically to drive some weak changes in consumer choices.
A novel CIS pixel structure design and simulation for DNA fluorescence sequencing

Miniaturization of DNA fluorescence sequencing is important to reduce costs and promote audiences. Among them, CMOS image sensor (CIS) is an effective method for fluorescence detection. In order to solve the problems of large pixel area and low throughput in CIS chip sequencing technology, we have designed a new CIS pixel structure with special hexagonal topology, reduced floating diffusion (FD) capacitance, improved conversion gain, and applied neighborhood-dark-current-cancellation technology. Simulations using sentaurus and lumerical FDTD software show that the capacitance of FD node is 0.48fF and 0.496fF for different PDs respectively, meaning the whole conversion gain is about 320 uV/e- before the back-end process. The relationship between the sensitivity efficiency of hexagon pixel structure and the edge length of the photodiode (PD) shape and the micro lens (ML) shape was investigated. The optimal design conditions were determined, that is, 1.8 um hexagon PD edge length, or 1.6 um octagon PD edge length, with 2.3 um ML thickness and 2.5 um curvature radius. words:
Erratic server behavior detection using machine learning on basic monitoring metrics

With the explosion of the number of distributed applications, a new dynamic server environment emerged grouping servers into clusters, utilization of which depends on the current demand for the application. To provide reliable and smooth services it is crucial to detect and fix possible erratic behavior of individual servers in these clusters. Use of standard techniques for this purpose requires manual work and delivers sub-optimal results. Using only application agnostic monitoring metrics our machine learning based method analyzes the recent performance of the inspected server as well as the state of the rest of the cluster, thus checking not only the behavior of the single server, but the load on the whole distributed application as well. We have implemented our method in a Spark job running in the CERN MONIT infrastructure. In this contribution we present results of testing multiple machine learning algorithms and pre-processing techniques to identify the servers erratic behavior. We also discuss the challenges of deploying our new method into production.
Communication Networks as a Catalyst for Holistic Sustainability on Karst Landscapes

Equitable access to communication and education is a key aspect in ensuring sustainability in any natural area. Karst landscapes are especially susceptible to environmental degradation from natural and anthropogenic forces and can benefit from sustainable economic, social, and environmental practices. This study took place in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (PN-KB), a highly developed karst landscape in central Vietnam. Through in-depth interviews, this study explored the ways in which formal and informal communication networks between the diverse stakeholders living within the park can be used to better protect the landscape from further degradation. The research findings suggest that a lack of consistent communication between PN-KB’s residents, rangers, and governing officials has left the landscape vulnerable to extensive degradation and susceptible to catastrophic climatic events. Increasing communication between the stakeholder groups within the park will bolster economic opportunity and ensure equitable access to information and resources, both of which will promote sustainable practices and karst landscape protection.
Antipsychotics and neutropoenia: An update

Neutropoenia is a decrease below fi gures deemed normal in the peripheral blood count of neutrophils. For adults the normal neutrophil count varies between 1800 and 8100 neutrophils/ mm [1]. Most cases of neutropoenia in the adult are acquired and due to an increased destruction of granulocytes. Drugs are a common reason for neutropoenia of central origin. The risk of neutropoenia and other blood dyscrasias associated with multiple routinely used drugs is well known. Despite this, the use of these drugs is deemed acceptable if the clinical benefi t for the patient is documented and side effects are controlled [2].
Engaging Schools to Explore Meteorological Observational Gaps

Today, the vast majority of meteorological data are collected in open, rural environments to comply with the standards set by the World Meteorological Organization. However, these traditional networks lack local information that would be of immense value, for example, for studying urban microclimates, evaluating climate adaptation measures, or improving high-resolution numerical weather predictions. Therefore, an urgent need exists for reliable meteorological data in other environments (e.g., cities, lakes, forests) to complement these conventional networks. At present, however, high-accuracy initiatives tend to be limited in space and/or time as a result of the substantial budgetary requirements faced by research teams and operational services. We present a novel approach for addressing the existing observational gaps based on an intense collaboration with high schools. This methodology resulted in the establishment of a regionwide climate monitoring network of 59 accurate weather stations in a wide variety of locations across northern Belgium. The project is also of large societal relevance as it bridges the gap between the youth and atmospheric science. To guarantee a sustainable and mutually valuable collaboration, the schools and their students are involved at all stages, ranging from proposing measurement locations, building the weather stations, and even data analysis. We illustrate how the approach received overwhelming enthusiasm from high schools and students and resulted in a high-accuracy monitoring network with unique locations offering novel insights.