Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the Size and Composition of Volatile Particles Generated from a Heated Tobacco Product with Aerosol Fixation Agents

Accurate measurements of the particle size distribution and chemical composition of particles are important to understanding their influence on human health and the indoor environment. In this research, volatile particles generated from a pod-type Heated Tobacco Product (HTP) were measured with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) using various aerosol fixation agents to reduce the volatility of the particles. A simple method of aerosol fixation was applied, and the effective fixation agents and the primary factor of fixation were elucidated. The effectiveness of a fixation agent was determined based on the solubility between the aerosol substrates and the agent. Although nonadecanoic acid did not work for aerosol substrates with a low polarity, we found that it achieved greater success in fixing propylene glycol and glycerin. For particles that remained unfixed, the organic mass concentration (derived by AMS) was significantly reduced due to volatilization in the measurement apparatus. By contrast, the fixed volatile particles showed a higher organic mass concentration due to the suppression of volatilization. The peak number diameter of the unfixed volatile particles derived by SMPS was observed to be below 100 nm, whereas that of the fixed volatile particles was about 200 nm. The particle concentration of SMPS with fixation was in agreement with that of a light scattering method (welas®). The elemental and surface compositions of the fixed volatile particles were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) under vacuum conditions. The results revealed that the fixation agent was localized on the surface of the particles, reducing the volatility of the particles.
A Study in Computerized Translation Testing (CTT) for the Arabic Language

A Study in Computerized Translation Testing (CTT) for the Arabic Language Amanda J. Kuhn Department of Linguistics and English Language Master of Arts Translation quality assessment remains pertinent in both translation theory and in the industry. Specifically, the process of assessing a target document’s quality or a person’s translation competence involves a lot of time and money on the part of various governments, organizations and individuals. In response to this issue, this project builds on the ongoing research of Hague et al. (2012), who seek to determine the capabilities of a computerized translation test for the French-to-English and Spanish-to-English language pairs. Specifically, Hague et al. (2012) question whether a good score on a detect-and-correct style computerized translation test that is calculated by a computer also indicates a good score on a traditional full translation test that is calculated by hand. This project seeks to further this research by seeking to answer the same question using an Arabic-to-English language pair. The methods used in this research involve testing individuals using two different style translation tests and then comparing the results. The first style translation test involves a detectand-correct format where a subject is given a list of project specifications in the form of a translation brief, a source text passage and a corresponding target text passage that has errors introduced throughout. The subject is expected to detect and fix the errors while leaving the rest of the text alone. A score is given for this test using an automated algorithm. The second style test is a traditional translation test where a subject is given the same translation brief and a source text. The subject is expected to produce an acceptable target text, which is subsequently scored by hand. Thereafter, various forms of analysis are used to determine the relationship between the scores of the two types of tests. The results of this research do not strongly suggest that a high score on the detect-andcorrect portion of the test indicates a high score on a hand-graded full translation test for the subject population used. However, this research still provides insight, especially concerning whether the detect-and-correct portion of the test actually measures translation competence and concerning second language acquisition (SLA) programs and their intentions. In addition, this research provides insight into logistical issues in testing such as the impact text difficulty and length may have on a detect-and-correct style test as well as the negative impact the American Translators Association (ATA) grading practices of weighting errors and capping errors can have on an experiment such as the one described in this research.
A Novel Approach For Detecting And Correcting Errors Using Combinatorial Testing

Combinatorial testing (CT) has been used to identifying fault interactions. The interactions which cause failure are identified at the earlier stage. The degree of interactions are identified still a open issue. Interactions are identified by applying data flow technique from the Decision to Decision (DD) path graph generated from the source code. Data flow fault interactions are identified and eliminated. Most of the testing works detect the errors for small sized system but our work is applicable for larger data . The testing process are used in large type of data so it take more time to analysis the errors so time complexity are high. Our purposed approach is reduced the time complexity.
The Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) contribution to CMIP6

Abstract. The Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) is a coordinated multi-model investigation into decadal climate prediction, predictability, and variability. The DCPP makes use of past experience in simulating and predicting decadal variability and forced climate change gained from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and elsewhere. It builds on recent improvements in models, in the reanalysis of climate data, in methods of initialization and ensemble generation, and in data treatment and analysis to propose an extended comprehensive decadal prediction investigation as a contribution to CMIP6 (Eyring et al., 2016) and to the WCRP Grand Challenge on Near Term Climate Prediction (Kushnir et al., 2016). The DCPP consists of three components. Component A comprises the production and analysis of an extensive archive of retrospective forecasts to be used to assess and understand historical decadal prediction skill, as a basis for improvements in all aspects of end-to-end decadal prediction, and as a basis for forecasting on annual to decadal timescales. Component B undertakes ongoing production, analysis and dissemination of experimental quasi-real-time multi-model forecasts as a basis for potential operational forecast production. Component C involves the organization and coordination of case studies of particular climate shifts and variations, both natural and naturally forced (e.g. the “hiatus”, volcanoes), including the study of the mechanisms that determine these behaviours. Groups are invited to participate in as many or as few of the components of the DCPP, each of which are separately prioritized, as are of interest to them. The Decadal Climate Prediction Project addresses a range of scientific issues involving the ability of the climate system to be predicted on annual to decadal timescales, the skill that is currently and potentially available, the mechanisms involved in long timescale variability, and the production of forecasts of benefit to both science and society.
Virtual Structural Analysis of Jokisivu Open Pit Using 'Structure-from-Motion' Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Photogrammetry: Implications for Structurally-Controlled Gold Deposits in Southwest Finland

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly growing remote sensing platforms for capturing high-resolution images of exposed rock surfaces. We used a DJI Phantom 3 Professional (P3P) quadcopter to capture aerial images that were used to generate a high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) model of the Jokisivu open-pit gold deposit that is located in southwestern Finland. 158 overlapping oblique and nadir images were taken and processed with Agisoft Photoscan Pro to generate textured 3-D surface models. In addition, 69 overlapping images were taken from the steep faces of the open pit. We assessed the precision of the 3-D model by deploying ground control points (GCPs) and the average errors were found minimal along X (2.0 cm), Y (1.2 cm), and Z (5.0 cm) axes. The steep faces of the open pit were used for virtual structural measurements and kinematic analyses in CloudCompare and ArcGIS to distinguish the orientation of different fracture sets and statistical categorization, respectively. Three distinct fracture sets were observed. The NW-SE and NE-SW striking fractures form a conjugate geometry, whereas the NNW-SSE striking fractures cut the conjugate fracture set. The orientation of conjugate fractures match well with the resource model of the deposit and NW- and NE-trending segments of regional-scale anastomosing shear zones. Based on the conjugate geometry of fracture sets I and II, and the regional pattern of anastomosing shear system lead us to interpret an origin of gold mineralization in two stages. An early N-S or NNW-SSE crustal shortening, corresponding to the regional D4 (ca. 1.83–1.81 Ga) or pre-D4 (ca. 1.87–1.86 Ga) Svecofennian tectonic event(s) that produced anastomosing shear zones. Subsequent E-W directed D5 contraction (ca. 1.79–1.77 Ga) partly reactivated the anastomosing shear zones with the formation of conjugate system, which controlled the migration of fluids and gold mineralization in SW Finland.
Preventing reading failure in young children with phonological processing disabilities: Group and individual responses to instruction.

The relative effectiveness of 3 instructional approaches for the prevention of reading disabilities in young children with weak phonological skills was examined. Two programs varying in the intensity of instruction in phonemic decoding were contrasted with each other and with a 3rd approach that supported the children's regular classroom reading program. The children were provided with 88 hr of one-to-one instruction beginning the second semester of kindergarten and extending through 2nd grade. The most phonemically explicit condition produced the strongest growth in word level reading skills, but there were no differences between groups in reading comprehension. Word level skills of children in the strongest group were in the middle of the average range. Growth curve analyses showed that beginning phonological skills, home background, and ratings of classroom behavior all predicted unique variance in growth of word level skills.
ON COMPRESSIVE SENSING IN AUDIO SIGNALS

The reconstruction of musical audio signal by using the Compressive Sensing technique is presented in the paper. Compressive Sensing can provide significant reduction of number of samples required by Shannon-Nyquist theorem. By reducing the number of samples, data compression is achieved along with the data acquisition. In this paper, discrete cosine transform is used in the process of reconstruction. The optimization problem is solved by the primal-dual algorithm. Theory is illustrated by experimental results. Experiments are performed by using musical signal and analysis for number of measurements versus mean absolute error is given as well.
Hyperthermia Via Ac Electromagnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles Integrated in Micro-Carriers Navigable in Blood Vessels

One of the major challenges in finding a suitable therapy for cancer is to save healthy cells while destroying the damaged ones. Hyperthermia is among many suggested methods in which by targeting only cancer cells for treatment, it keeps the healthy cells out of harm. However this approach is still being researched on and far from practical use at the nearby hospital. In this report optimum values for AC magnetic field hyperthermia are theoretically investigated.
Analysis of Mathematical Models and Influence of Constructions of High Efficient Heat Transfer Devices

According to the research on mathematical model of the influence of constructions of porosity of the wick depending on diameter of the wires and impact of porosity, as well as factors such as distilled water and alcohol on coefficient of thermal conductivity, on coefficient of heat transfer devices. The conducted analysis of the parameters of influence of constructions of high efficient heat transfer device (HEHTD or thermal pipes) on power of density of the heat flow. The carried out calculations are necessary for making average temperature heat transfer devices.
R-Cache: A Highly Set-Associative In-Package Cache Using Memristive Arrays

Over the past decade, three-dimensional die stacking technology has been considered for building large-scale in-package memory systems. In particular, in-package DRAM cache has been considered as a promising solution for high band-width and large-scale cache architectures. There are, however, significant challenges such as limited energy efficiency, costly tag management, and physical limitations for scalability that need to be effectively addressed before one can adopt in-package caches in the real-world applications. This paper proposes R-Cache, an in-package cache made by 3D die stacking of memristive memory arrays to alleviate the above mentioned challenges. Our simulation results on a set of memory intensive parallel applications indicate that R-Cache outperforms the state-of-the-art proposals for in-package caches. R-Cache improves performance by 38% and 27% over the state-of-the-art direct mapped and set associative cache architectures, respectively. Moreover, R-Cache results in averages of 40% and 27% energy reductions as compared to the direct mapped and set-associative cache systems.
Design and Evaluation of a “Gamified” System for Improving Career Knowledge in Computing Sciences

Gamification”, or the use of game elements outside the gaming context, is a recent trend in learning approaches and has been used to digitally engage and motivate people to accomplish their learning objectives. The study described in this article investigated components of a gamification system and the impact of these components on user experience, usability and education usability. The Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetics (MDA) classification framework for gamification design was used to guide the authors’ design of a gamification system intended to improve learners’ knowledge of careers in computing sciences (CS). Criteria for evaluating e-learning systems were derived from literature and used to extend the MDA framework via addition of criteria for evaluating usability, user experience (UX) and educational usability of a gamification system. The extended MDA framework was found to be successful in guiding the design, development and evaluation of the system prototype, and the results gathered from the summative usability evaluation indicated that positive UX and educational usability were achieved. The results suggest that gamification designed for UX and educational usability can potentially play an important role in equipping young people in South Africa with a knowledge of CS-related careers.
A generalized flux function for three-dimensional magnetic reconnection

The definition and measurement of magnetic reconnection in three-dimensional magnetic fields with multiple reconnection sites is a challenging problem, particularly in fields lacking null points. We propose a generalization of the familiar two-dimensional concept of a magnetic flux function to the case of a three-dimensional field connecting two planar boundaries. In this initial analysis, we require the normal magnetic field to have the same distribution on both boundaries. Using hyperbolic fixed points of the field line mapping, and their global stable and unstable manifolds, we define a unique flux partition of the magnetic field. This partition is more complicated than the corresponding (well-known) construction in a two-dimensional field, owing to the possibility of heteroclinic points and chaotic magnetic regions. Nevertheless, we show how the partition reconnection rate is readily measured with the generalized flux function. We relate our partition reconnection rate to the common definition of three-dimensional reconnection in terms of integrated parallel electric field. An analytical example demonstrates the theory and shows how the flux partition responds to an isolated reconnection event. VC 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3657424]
How to Manage Outside Innovation

important role that outside innovators can play, look no further than Apple Inc.’s wildly successful iPhone. Thousands of external software developers have written com-plementary applications for the iPhone that have greatly enhanced its value, transforming the product into a blockbuster that has become the center of a thriving business ecosystem. Of course, the fundamental concept of “open innovation”
Adipokines Profile and Glucose Control of Saudi Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a common chronic hepatic disorder, affecting about 30% of population in the Western nations [1]. NAFLD is common among obese subjects as the increasing prevalence of NAFLD parallels the raised risk of obesity [2]. However, insulin resistance (IR), obesity and metabolic syndrome are the principle risk factors for NAFLD [3]. IR appears plays the key role in the genesis of NAFLD, suggesting a possible interplay among IR, atherosclerosis and NAFLD [4].
Evaluation of Ibuprofen Release from Gelatin /Hydroxyapatite /Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites

Gelatin-hydroxyapatite-polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites were synthesized using five different formulations. The nanocomposites were loaded with ibuprofen and the amount of drug in the carriers was determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted before and after drug loading to ensure the presence of ibuprofen on the nanocomposites. Drug delivery was evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at pH 7.4 and 37°C. The results of XRD analysis showed acceptable synthesis of hydroxyapatite and the composites, confirming the loading of ibuprofen onto the synthesized nanocarriers. The results showed that maximum drug loading (58.2%) was recorded for sample D (30% gelatin, 40% nHA and 30% PLA), and minimum loading was recorded for sample E (30% gelatin, 30% nHA and 40% PLA). The maximum percentage of drug release over the course of 72 h (95.8%) was for nanocomposite D (30% gelatin, 40% nHA and 30% PLA). The minimum percentage of drug delivery (77%) was for nanocomposite E (30% gelatin, 30% nHA, 40% PLA), which contained the maximum PLA content.
Use of Cassia alata aqueous extract as a bath treatment to control Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aqueous extracts of six plants, Andrographis paniculata, Cassia alata, Centella asiatica, Garcinia mangostana, Punica granatum and Psidium guajava, were investigated for their antimicrobial activity and mode of action against Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, an important fish pathogenic bacterium, which is responsible for economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. Among the tested plant extracts, the C. alata aqueous extract had the strongest inhibitory effect and exhibited a bactericidal mode of action against the pathogenic bacterium. When an infection of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with P. anguilliseptica was induced by intraperitoneal, the median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be 1.59 x 105 CFU/ml. For the in vivo trial, four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) of C. alata aqueous extract were used as bath treatment to remedy the infection. The effect of the extract on the infection was dose-dependent and an extract with the concentration of 100 ppm eliminated mortality of the infected fish without producing any adverse effects on the animals. This study suggests that C. alata aqueous extract has the potential to control fish disease caused by P. anguilliseptica.
Assessing the effect of a combined malaria prevention education and free insecticide-treated bed nets program on self-reported malaria among children in a conflict-affected setting in Northern Uganda

We examine whether a concerted malaria prevention education effort is associated with reduced malaria disease burden among children under the age of 5 years residing in conflict-affected settings in Northern Uganda. Two camps for internally displaced persons were identified in the Lira District of Northern Uganda. All residents in both camps were given free insecticide treated nets (ITNs), along with basic information on installation and use. In one camp, Ogur, an intense malaria prevention education intervention through community meetings, household visits, and posters was administered to camp residents for a 6-month period by trained community health care workers who were also camp residents. The residents of Ogur camp also received assistance in hanging their ITNs as needed from the resident community health workers. In the other camp, Abia, no additional health education intervention was provided after the ITN distribution. After 6 months, a survey was conducted among a cross-section of respondents from each camp. The results from this survey show significantly lower rates of reported malaria among children under 5 years in the intervention camp (Ogur) compared with children in the reference camp (adj. RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.91). This suggests that including enhanced malaria prevention education as an integral component of ITN distribution programs could help promote the use of malaria prevention methods and help stem malaria infections.
Comparison of channelled vs unchannelled video laryngoscope- A prospective randomised trial

Introduction: Conventional laryngoscopy using the traditional Macintosh blade remains the commonest method of tracheal intubation in the routine clinical scenario. Video laryngoscopes have taken over this position in many scenarios as they have been proved successful over conventional laryngoscope. There are several types of video laryngoscopes available with multiple advantages over one another. We aimed to compare the performance of the Airtraq and McGrath when performing tracheal intubation in routine anaesthesia practice Materials and Methods: Sixty patients posted for surgery requiring endotracheal intubation were randomized to undergo intubation using an Airtraq (n=30) or McGrath (n=30) video laryngoscope. Primary end points were total duration of intubation, overall success rate of tracheal intubation, number of optimization manoeuvres used and ease of intubation between the two groups. Results: We observed that the duration of successful intubation was shorter in Airtraq 19.18 (±2.86) secs) than in the McGrath laryngoscope.27 (±5.09) secs) P < 0.001. IDS scores were also better in the Airtraq group; grade 0 (easy) 73.3% easy versus 36.7% in the McGrath group, P < 0.001. A significantly better Cormack lehane view was obtained with the Airtraq. Grade I in 73.3% with the Airtraq group versus 50% in the McGrath group, p<0.001. Airtraq required lesser optimization manoeuvres for successful intubation. There were no differences in the hemodynamic profiles post intubation between the two groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the Airtraq laryngoscope facilitates a more rapid and successful intubation as compared to McGrath in routine clinical practice.