Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Westernization of the Asian Diet: The Case of Rising Wheat Consumption in Indonesia

With sustained income growth and fast urbanization, Indonesia will see a major shift in the growth of grain consumption from rice to wheat products. New demand estimates from consumption survey data give a relatively high income elasticity of demand for wheat-based products, in the range of 0.44 to 0.84, with 26% to 34% of this response coming from the impact of income on the probability of consumption for non-consuming households and the remaining impact coming from the response on the level of consumption for households currently consuming wheat products. Urban location of households also contributes an increase of 0.11% to 0.13% to consumption. In contrast, elasticities in rice show a negative impact of income and urbanization on the probability of consumption and a positive but small impact on the unconditional mean. A partial liberalization scenario shows the domestic wheat flour price declining by 13.66%, inducing consumption to increase by 7.06%, which translates into 7.04% growth in imports. This exerts an upward pressure on the world price, increasing it by 0.23%. A faster income growth scenario shows higher consumption (2.60%), imports (2.59%), and prices (0.09%). Countries with a proximity advantage such as Australia, China, and India will benefit from the growth in this market. But, with dependable supply, product quality assurance, and credit availability, North American suppliers may still remain in this market.
QUANTUM COMPUTATION WITH IONS IN THERMAL MOTION

We propose an implementation of quantum logic gates via virtual vibrational excitations in an ion-trap quantum computer. Transition paths involving unpopulated vibrational states interfere destructively to eliminate the dependence of rates and revolution frequencies on vibrational quantum numbers. As a consequence, quantum computation becomes feasible with ions whose vibrations are strongly coupled to a thermal reservoir.
Molecular dynamics evaluation of self-diffusion in Yukawa systems

Self-diffusion coefficients of Yukawa systems in the fluid phase are obtained from molecular dynamics simulations in a wide range of the thermodynamical parameters. The Yukawa system is a collection of particles interacting through Yukawa (i.e., screened Coulomb) potentials, which may serve as a model for charged dust particles in a plasma or colloidal particles in electrolytes. The self-diffusion coefficients are found to follow a simple scaling law with respect to the system temperature, which is consistent with the universal scaling (i.e., temperature scaling independent of the ratio of interparticle distance to screening length) observed by Robbins et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 88, 3286 (1988)] if the fluid system is near solidification. Also discussed is the velocity autocorrelation function, which is in part used to determine the self-diffusion coefficients through the Green–Kubo formula.
IDENTIFYING MALICIOUS ACTIVITIES ENDEARING IN VARIABLE NETWORKING SYSTEMS

Malware is inescapable in systems, and represents a basic risk to network security. Be that as it may, we have exceptionally constrained comprehension of malware conduct in systems to date. In this paper, we examine how malware spread in systems from a worldwide point of view. We plan the issue, and set up a thorough two-layer scourge demonstrate for malware proliferation from system to arrange. In light of the proposed demonstrate, our examination shows that the dissemination of a given malware takes after exponential appropriation, control law circulation with a short exponential tail, and power law conveyance at its initial, late and last stages, individually. Broad trials have been performed through two genuine worldwide scale malware information sets, and the outcomes affirm our hypothetical discoveries.
Bringing out Fluids Experiments from Laboratory to in Silico—A Journey of Hundred Years

By making use of the developments in the fields of numerical methods, computational technology and fluid dynamics models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) progress forward to play an active role today in various industrial, academic and research activities. In many cases, CFD simulations replace expensive and time consuming laboratory experiments successfully by allowing engineers and scientists to capture pressure, velocity and force distributions. Researchers are now able to test various theoretical conditions unavailable in the laboratory and CFD studies help them to get deeper insights on existing theories. The century-old history started just to solve some stress analysis problems numerically and today CFD methodology is being applied not only in fluid dynamics also in chemical engineering, mineral processing, fire engineering, sports, medical imaging and even in acoustics. This paper reviews the growth of CFD as a discipline and discusses its contemporary methodology.
Yield and biochemical composition of a marine cyanobacterium (Nodularia sp.) in outdoor culture

The results are reported of an investigation into biomass output of N 2 -fixing marine cyanobacterium Nodularia sp. grown outdoors in open ponds (OPs) and in tubular photobioreactors (TPRs). The productivity in TPR was 13.2 g (dw) m -2 d -1 , while in OP it was 11.0 g (dw) m -2 d -1 . The higher productivity obtained in TPR compared to OP was probably due to a better temperature control in the system. Both true protein content and amino acid composition were very similar to that reported for Spirulina. The photoinhibitory effects of high light intensity on the photosynthetic activity of Nodularia was considerably reduced by using a black net for culture shading, which improved photosynthetic activity of the cyanobacterium.
MULTIMEDIA AND CULTURAL HERITAGE : A DISCUSSION FOR THE COMMUNITY INVOLVED IN CHILDREN ’ S EDUTAINMENT AND SERIOUS GAMES IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

Unfortunately, heritage education and awareness remains largely undervalued, as most efforts rely on in-person experiences in formal cultural institutions. While there have been many virtual applications in the field of heritage edutainment with multimedia technology, there are still not enough to make the required and hoped-for change for the children of the digital natives’ generation. However, with the rich resources in 3D imaging and interactive programming already at our disposal, we are well prepared to do so, given a coordinated effort. This paper deals with a key topic that has an importance at the international level: the education of children through the conceptual approach of "edutainment" and "serious games" and particularly focuses on the cultural heritage, considering its tangible and intangible aspects. The paper attempts to clarify, explore and investigate how heritage edutainment multimedia, which bring enjoyment, fun, play and discovery into children’s daily lives, can make a significant contribution to their understanding, curiosity and appreciation of the cultural heritage. The paper also proposes some ideas and storylines for project development, especially for a methodological approach to serious games, which if appropriately planned, can be as entertaining as they are intellectually challenging to young children. Taking into consideration that there is a growing body of research on the effectiveness of online serious games as creative learning tools, this can only be achieved by the collaboration of a multidisciplinary pedagogical, technical and creative team, to encourage children and parents to look, explore and care for the wonders of our cultural heritage.
Age calibration of dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch events in the Pliocene–Pleistocene of the eastern North Atlantic (DSDP Hole 610A)

An independently calibrated record of dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch events is presented for the Early Pliocene through Middle Pleistocene (ca. 4.0–0.5 Ma) of eastern North Atlantic Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Hole 610A. A new age model is established for this hole and tied to marine isotope stratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy back to 3.6 Ma. New data on the range of the calcareous nannofossil Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus indicate that the base of this hole is about 1.0 Myr younger than previously thought. A diverse dinoflagellate cyst and acritarch record allows the significant highest and/or lowest occurrences of 19 dinoflagellate cyst and seven acritarch taxa to be recognised in Hole 610A and calibrated to the latest astronomically-tuned Neogene time scale (ATNTS 2004) via our new age model. Comparing records across the North Atlantic and Mediterranean reveals near-synchronous highest occurrences of the dinoflagellate cysts Ataxiodinium confusum (2.63–2.65 Ma), Invertocysta lacrymosa (2.72–2.74 Ma in the eastern and central North Atlantic and Mediterranean) and Impagidinium solidum (ca. 3.15–3.17 Ma), and the acritarch Leiosphaeridia rockhallensis (ca. 3.83–3.88 Ma). Highest occurrences of the dinoflagellate cyst Batiacasphaera minuta/micropapillata (3.83–ca. 3.7 Ma) and acritarch Cymatiosphaera latisepta (2.49–2.63 Ma) also provide useful markers for correlation. A precise stratigraphy for Hole 610A allows us to evaluate the impact of paleoceanographic and climatic events on the dinoflagellate cyst record. Climatic and oceanographic reorganizations associated with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation appear responsible for the disappearance of many species between 2.8 and 2.6 Ma. The lowest occurrence of Impagidinium cantabrigiense (1.86 Ma) in the Olduvai Subchron is one of the few good biostratigraphic markers for the uppermost Gelasian in Hole 610A.
Local structure of the magnetotail current sheet: 2001 Cluster observations

Abstract. Thirty rapid crossings of the magnetotail current sheet by the Cluster spacecraft during July-October 2001 at a geocentric distance of 19 RE are examined in detail to address the structure of the current sheet. We use four-point magnetic field measurements to estimate electric current density; the current sheet spatial scale is estimated by integration of the translation velocity calculated from the magnetic field temporal and spatial derivatives. The local normal-related coordinate system for each case is defined by the combining Minimum Variance Analysis (MVA) and the curlometer technique. Numerical parameters characterizing the plasma sheet conditions for these crossings are provided to facilitate future comparisons with theoretical models. Three types of current sheet distributions are distinguished: center-peaked (type I), bifurcated (type II) and asymmetric (type III) sheets. Comparison to plasma parameter distributions show that practically all cases display non-Harris-type behavior, i.e. interior current peaks are embedded into a thicker plasma sheet. The asymmetric sheets with an off-equatorial current density peak most likely have a transient nature. The ion contribution to the electric current rarely agrees with the current computed using the curlometer technique, indicating that either the electron contribution to the current is strong and variable, or the current density is spatially or temporally structured.
Potential Impacts of Changes in Single Farm Payment (SFP) on Rural Economy in Northern Ireland (NI)

Agricultural support in particularly single farm payment (SFP) in the Common Agricultural Policy has encountered more and more challenges. In this study, we have used two hypothetical policy impact scenarios, a SAM multiplier analysis and a static CGE model to mimic the knock-on impacts in the short term, and equilibrium impacts in the long term, of removing the single farm payment on the agri-food sector, rural and overall economy in NI. In the two policy impact scenarios, the production effects of the single farm payment is assumed to be under two extreme cases: either a pure government income transfer to rural households (Income Transfer Scenario) or SFP is still fully coupled to agricultural production (Fully Coupled Scenario), respectively. Counterfactual analysis suggests that In NI removing SFP is likely to have limited impact on overall economy but it will improve the overall economic efficiency due to resource reallocation and savings from the exit of marginal agricultural production / farmers. For agri-food sector and rural economy, a strong effect will be felt in the short term and the effect will be diminishing via supply chain and in the long term the impact will be modest.
Distribution of the Respiratory Pathways in the Isolated Mitochondria from Etiolated Leaves of Winter Wheat and Rye after the Action of Low Temperature

Aftereffect of freezing temperature (-8 ° C, 1-6 h) on the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intactness mitochondria, their oxidative and phosphorylating activity and the contribution of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and ATP/ADP antiporter to linoleate-induced mitochondrial respiration in winter wheat seedlings have been studied. It has been shown that the survival of seedlings during cold exposure is dependent on the activity of pUCP and ATP/ADP antiporter in mitochondria, the function of which under cold stress is probably the regulation of ROS content.
Policies on Health Care for Undocumented Migrants in the EU27: Towards a Comparative Framework : summary Report

Undocumented migrants' access to healthcare is subject to national regulations, which differ across the EU member states, and practice models which follow different logics. The research project, NowHereland - Health Care in NowHereland – Improving Services for Undocumented Migrants in the EU, approaches this complexity. The project work package, Policy Compilation, delivers a report for each member state focusing on policy, introduces comparative reflections in relation to undocumented migrants' right to healthcare and offers a preliminary clustering of the member states based on collected data. The term used in this project is thus, “undocumented migrants”, which may be defined as third-country nationals without a required permit authorising them to regularly stay in the EU member states. The type of entry (e.g. legal or illegal border crossing) is thus not considered to be relevant. There are many routes to becoming undocumented; the category includes those who have been unsuccessful in the asylum procedures or who have violated the terms of their visas. The group does not include EU citizens from new member states, nor migrants who are within the asylum seeking process, unless they have exhausted the asylum process and are thus considered to be rejected asylum seekers.
Bottom RedOx Model (BROM v.1.1): a coupled benthic–pelagic model for simulation of water and sediment biogeochemistry

Abstract. Interactions between seawater and benthic systems play an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Benthic fluxes of some chemical elements (e.g., C, N, P, O, Si, Fe, Mn, S) alter the redox state and marine carbonate system (i.e., pH and carbonate saturation state), which in turn modulate the functioning of benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The redox state of the near-bottom layer in many regions can change with time, responding to the supply of organic matter, physical regime, and coastal discharge. We developed a model (BROM) to represent key biogeochemical processes in the water and sediments and to simulate changes occurring in the bottom boundary layer. BROM consists of a transport module (BROM-transport) and several biogeochemical modules that are fully compatible with the Framework for the Aquatic Biogeochemical Models, allowing independent coupling to hydrophysical models in 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D. We demonstrate that BROM is capable of simulating the seasonality in production and mineralization of organic matter as well as the mixing that leads to variations in redox conditions. BROM can be used for analyzing and interpreting data on sediment–water exchange, and for simulating the consequences of forcings such as climate change, external nutrient loading, ocean acidification, carbon storage leakage, and point-source metal pollution.
FMCG portfolio budget allocation to price promotions using Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)

Marketing managers seek to maximise the return of their marketing portfolio investment and, as a result, create shareholder value. There has been some application of MPT in marketing as a means to optimize the portfolio. Previous applications have had limitations, namely that marketing lacks a fixed index of comparison and the return of an asset varies with differing levels of marketing spend support. This study focuses on use of MPT in price promotions, which have become a key component in the marketing mix of stimulating sales, particularly in the FMCG environment. The hypothesis of this paper is that previous limitations of MPT in marketing can be overcome through use of brackets of price promotion. This is proven through study of FMCG data and it is shown that price promotions can be optimized to improve return without increased risk.
Sex work, substance misuse and service provision: The experiences of female sex workers in south London

Background: Observations suggest that patterns of drug use may be changing among sex workers and that service provision may be failing this group. The aim of this study was to investigate life, substance-related, and service-provision experiences of women who are both substance users and involved in sex work. Methods: The study was carried out using unstructured recorded confidential interviews and analysis of the themes arising from them. Results: Twelve women were interviewed. Most of them came from an abusive background. There is a vicious circle between sex working and taking drugs—sex work generates funds and drugs facilitate continuation of work. The emergence of crack cocaine was consistently significant. Conclusion: Experiences of the women discussed here are not new and confirm existing knowledge. Important issues related to service provision were discussed. Flexible services are necessary to attract, engage and support this vulnerable group.
Flow simulations in geology-based Discrete Fracture Networks

The underground is a reservoir of natural resources (water, oil and gas, heat,.) and a potential warehouse storage solution. Using these resources and storage facilities in a sustainable way requires a good understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes happening there. Also, the geometry of the subsurface couples these processes together. Here, numerical models are very useful: they reduce the costs and risks of in situ experiments and allow long-term predictions.
Benchmarking Firm-level Resources , Capabilities , and Postures Driving Export Performance of SMEs

This paper aimed to identify success factors of export performance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on the resource-based view, the dynamic capability view, and international entrepreneurship theory, we extracted relevant assets, capabilities, and postures at the firm level. An extended benchmarking method was applied to empirically test the proposed success factors with a cross-sectional sample of 99 Slovenian SMEs. The results highlight the crucial role of management competence, financial and human resources, market orientation, negotiation flexibility, and a proactive and risk-taking posture to achieve superior export performance.
Interactive comment on “ Multi-criteria assessment of the Representative Elementary Watershed approach on the Donga catchment ( Benin ) using a downward approach of model complexity ” by N . Varado

This interesting paper presents a new application of a model based on the REW approach to a real world catchment, in West Africa. The authors assessed the model performance using not only discharge data set, but also groundwater table and soil moisture data sets collected from the Donga catchment. The authors attempted to test the model with two different spatial discretizations as well. In addition, the effects of the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall on the model efficiency for reproducing discharge
Temporally Regularized Non-local De-noising and Its Application to Cardiac Longitudinal MR Images

Longitudinal image analysis has become a hot research topic due to the progress of medical image processing and analysis. However, noises generally exist in most of medical images, which will negatively affect statistical characteristics of the image intensities and therefore weaken the contrast between different organs to further result in difficulties to image processing methods. In this paper, traditional local de-noising methods are first reviewed with their disadvantages in introducing new artifacts being revealed. On the contrary, non-local de-noising eliminates image noises while intact image structure information is preserved. Therefore, an improved non-local method is then proposed by incorporating temporal information of longitudinal images into the formula of non-local de-noising. Finally, the proposed method is applied to eliminate noises from cardiac longitudinal MR images. The proposed method searches similar pairs in the whole image space rather than in local areas, which is particularly different from traditional methods where only neighborhood intensities are used. The similarities are considered as weightings which are used to estimate the intensity by weighted average of all similar pairs. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate noises from cardiac longitudinal images without weakening boundaries of the images. To improve time performance, the proposed method is accelerated using CUDA and 150× improvement is obtained.
Pollinizer Influence on Fruit Quality Traits in Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)

Most Japanese plum-type cultivars are self-incompatible and therefore cross pollination is necessary to ensure fruit set. Moreover, pollen can directly affect fruit development process and quality. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 6 pollen sources (‘Goje Sabz’, ‘Simka’, ‘Shablon’, ‘Methley’, ‘Myrobalan’ and ‘Black Star’) on fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Prunus salicina cultivar ‘Black Star’, and identify the most effective pollinizer in the north region of Iran. The results showed that the pollen sources significantly affected different fruit characteristics such as fruit set, length, diameter, fresh weight, dry matter content and firmness. In contrast, total soluble solid, pH, total acid, vitamin C and total phenol did not significantly affect by pollen sources. Furthermore, it was found that the highest fruit set, physical dimensions, fresh weight and dry matter content were achieved when ‘Simka’ was used as pollen source. Finally, these results suggest that the pollen sources had xenia effects in Japanese plum and ‘Simka’ is the most suitable pollen source for Japanese plum ‘Black Star’ cultivar.