Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IOT Based Water Quality Monitoring System

Since water pollution is increasing globally so the implementation of water quality monitoring is effective and efficient with increasing the development of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology in the internet of things (IoT) environment. Water quality monitoring is remotely monitoring by real-time data acquisition, transmission, and processing. This paper presents a reconfigurable sensor interface device for monitoring water quality systems with an IoT environment for the developing smart water quality monitoring system (SWQM). We are using field programmable array (FPGA) design board, sensors, Zigbee based wireless communication module, and personal computer. The FPGA board is the core component of the developing system and it is programmed with VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language) with using Quartus – II software and Q sys tool by using C language. We are considering the six parameters of water data like water pH, water level, turbidity, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) on the surface of water and water temperature in parallel real-time bases with high speed from multiple different sensors nodes.
Natural lead molecules probably act as potential inhibitors against prospective targets of SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic insight for COVID-19 from computational modelling, molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies

Sinosh Skariyachan (  sinoshskariya@gmail.com ) St. Pius X College Rajapuram, Kasaragod, Kerala, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-7513 Dharshini Gopal Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Aditi G Muddebihalkar RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 3Akshay Uttarkar RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 3Vidya Niranjan RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Development and Validation of a Reversed-phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Efavirenz in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Internal Standard Method

A rapid, specific and accurate isocratic HPLC method was developed and validated for the assay of efavirenz in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The assay involved an isocratic elution of efavirenz in Grace C18 column using mobile phase composition of buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 (v/v). The wavelength of detection is 252 nm . The proposed method can be used for routine quality control samples in industry in bulk and in finished dosage forms and for the stability studies as the method separates efavirenz from its degradation products.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF TUBERS OF AMORPHOPHALLUS KONKANENSIS AND AMORPHOPHALLUS BULBIFER (ARACEAE)

O bjective: Antioxidant activity (AOA) and antibacterial screening of tubers of unexplored Amorphophallus konkanensis Hett. , Yadav & Patil (AKT) and Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Bl. (ABT). Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl (OH•) radical, nitric oxide (NO∙) radical scavenging activities. Phenolics were determined by total phenolic content (TPC) assay. Antibacterial screening of different solvent extracts of tubers was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains by using the agar diffusion method. HPLC analysis was carried out for active phenolic compounds. Results: Tubers were extracted with three different solvents (ethanol, acetone and water). Acetone extracts of AKT and ABT exhibited the highest phenolic content 29.37±0.83 and 20.62±1.04 mg GAE/g. The AKT and ABT acetone extracts possesses highest free radical scavenging activity towards FRAP (0.632 & 0.586 O. D), DPPH (85.78% & 82.68%), hydroxyl (OH∙) radical (82.43% & 80.26%), nitric oxide (NO∙) radical (81.34% & 80.8%). The phenolic compounds tannic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, catechin were identified by the HPLC method in acetone extracts. Among the different extracts, acetone extract of both the species of Amorphophallus showed significant antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains tested. C onclusion: The results indicated that AKT and ABT can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidant for medicinal, commercial, nutraceutical and functional food applications. Antibacterial efficacy shown by these plants provides a scientific basis for their traditional uses in remedies.
Morphology and Morphogenesis of A New Soil Ciliate, Holostichides Songi Nov. Spec. with Notes on the Phylogeny of Holostichides (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Background: Hypotrichia are a group with the most complex morphology and morphogenesis within the ciliated protists. The classification of the genus Holostichides is poorly understood particularly due to the lack of molecular data. Hence, the systematic relationship between this genus and other taxa in the subclass Hypotrichia remains unresolved. In this paper, the morphology and morphogenesis of Holostichides songi nov. spec. were studied, in addition, genomic DNA was extracted in order to sequence the small subunit rDNA. The main aims of this study were to document morphogenesis in H. songi nov. spec. and investigate the systematics of Holostichides based on morphology, morphogenetic, and molecular data.Results: A new bakuellid ciliate, Holostichides songi nov. spec. isolated from China, is investigated in terms of its morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogenesis. It is characterized by size in vivo 150–180 µm × 45–60 µm; 27–46 macronuclear nodules; cortical granules dark, spherical, about 0.5 µm across, clustered in groups and then arranged longitudinally; three frontal cirri with one to four smaller cirri below the middle one, one buccal cirrus, 9–15 frontoterminal cirri, and midventral complex composed of five to eight cirral pairs and two long midventral rows. The main events during binary fission are as follows: (1) in the proter, the undulating membrane anlage is formed from both the dedifferentiation of old undulating membranes and the basal bodies developing de novo, and the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed by new structure formed from the oral primordium; (2) in the opisthe, the oral primordium is formed intrakinetally; (3) Besides the second frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage II produces the extra one to four cirri. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data suggest a close relationship between Holostichides songi nov. spec. and its congeners, indicating that the genus Holostichides is monophyletic.Conclusions: The new bakuellid ciliate, Holostichides songi nov. spec. was studied using standard methods. In addition, the monophyly of the genus Holostichides is well supported in the phylogenetic tree.
Investigating nanoscale mineral compositions: Iron L3-edge spectroscopic evaluation of iron oxide and oxy-hydroxide coordination

Abstract The iron (Fe) L2,3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum is sensitive to the local coordination environment around the Fe metal center, making it a useful probe for understanding Fe mineral speciation. The two dominant spectral peaks in the Fe L3-edge are parameterized according to the difference in the energy position (ΔeV), and the quotient (intensity ratio) of the two peaks’ maxima. Variations in the ΔeV value are strongly linked to factors that impact on the strength of the ligand field (e.g., Fe valence state, coordination number, and the nature of ligand bonding). The intensity ratio is affected by the strength of the ligand field and by the composition of the resultant molecular orbitals. The Fe valence state also strongly affects the intensity ratio, and an intensity ratio equal to one can be used to distinguish between Fe2+ and Fe3+ minerals. The effects of polyhedral distortion on the magnitudes of ΔeV and intensity ratio values were tested by considering the Fe oxide and -oxy- hydroxide mineral system, in which ligand effects are limited to the differences between the oxygen and hydroxyl ligands. In this system, the distribution of Fe oxide and -oxy-hydroxide minerals on a ΔeV vs. intensity ratio two-parameter plot could be explained by considering the Fe valence state, the ligand chemistry and the site symmetry of the Fe polyhedra. Furthermore, the ΔeV and intensity ratio values were found to be anti-correlated with respect to the various distortion measures considered in this study (e.g., polyhedral volume distortion percentage). This two-parameter plot is thus presented as a standard-less phase-specific identification tool for use in Fe speciation studies, applicable to both natural systems (e.g., aerosols, aquatic colloids) as well as to engineered systems (e.g., nanoparticle synthesis). A major advantage of this technique is that it is applicable to both crystalline and poorly crystalline phases, thus enhancing our ability to study amorphous and nano-crystalline phases that are typically difficult to characterize using X-ray diffraction techniques.
Medication Errors in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The caution of medication prescription and administration are the main physician and nursing services though there was no study to show medication error at the nation level in Ethiopia. Therefore, we estimated the national prevalence of medication errors. Methods: A systematic review of studies searched in PubMed, Scopus, African Journal of Online, and Google Scholar was done. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality status of the included studies. We employed Galbraith plot and Egger’s regression test to assess publication bias. The national prevalence of medication errors was estimated using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Moreover, subgroup analysis and meta-regression analyses were done to explore the reason of statistical heterogeneity.Results: A total of 14 studies with 5,552 administered medications and 5,661 prescription sheets were included. The overall prevalence of medication error in Ethiopia was 57.6% (95% CI: 46.2, 69.0). The pooled burden of medication administration and prescription error was 58.4% (95% CI: 51.4, 65.5) and 55.8% (95% CI: 27.0, 84.6), respectively. Omission error (38%), wrong dose (38.5%), and the wrong combination of drugs (28.7%) were highly reported types of prescription errors, whereas missed doses (57.0%), technical errors (47.0%), wrong time (35.0%), and wrong dose (30.0%) were frequently observed medication administration errors.Conclusions: Medication errors were very common in Ethiopian hospitals whereby at least one out of two medications were wrongly prescribed and administered. Our review provided a shred of up-to-date evidence for clinicians, regional, and national healthcare policymakers to appraise and improve the quality of hospitals’ inpatient care.Trail registration: The protocol is registered in the Prospero database with a registration number of CRD42019138125.
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis

Introduction The mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the human host cell is through the ACE2 receptor. During the pandemic, a hypothesis has been proposed that Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) could be risk factors for the development of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of the association between ACEi or ARB use and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity or mortality.Data Sources We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for observational studies published between December 2019 and April 24, 2020Study Selection: Studies were included if they contained data on ACEi or ARB use and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity or mortality. Effect statistics were pooled using random-effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data ExtractionData on study design, study location, year of publication, study design, number of participants, sex, age at baseline, outcome definition, exposure definition, follow-up, effect estimates and 95% Cis.Results Thirteen observational studies were identified for inclusion, combining to a total sample of 14364 participants. Mean age was 59.2 (SD 7.3) years and 53.5% were men. Mean follow-up was 28.3 (14.2) days. The mean NOS score of included studies was 7.8 (range: 7-9). Results suggested that ACEi or ARB use did not increase the risk of severe disease or mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.47-1.11, p= 0.138). ConclusionsAt present, the limited evidence available does not support the hypothesis of increased SARS-CoV-2 risk with ACEi or ARB drugs. However, more evidence needs to accumulate before this controversy can be resolved.
Effect of Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Clove Oil as an Anaesthetic on Korean Rose Bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii and Oily Bifterling, Acheilognathus koreensis

The efficacy of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil as anaesthetics was evaluated in the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935) and oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis (Kim and Kim, 1990) at four different temperatures of and . When complete anaesthesia was acquired less than 3 min and recovery was acquired less than 10 min, the optimal dose range of lidocain hydrochloride at was 250550 ppm in Korean rose bitterling, and 150550 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. In case of Clove oil, the optimal dose range at was 40200 ppm in Korean rose bitterling and 80240 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. Both of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil resulted in a negatively dose-dependent manner for anaesthesia induction time in these two species. Recovery times were more variable in relation to anaesthetic doses, but in general higher anaesthetic doses resulted in similar or longer recovery time. As expected, the lower temperature resulted in longer anaesthesia induction and recovery time. The study demonstrated that lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil can be used as effective anaesthetics in these two species. The results from this study could be useful for aquaculturists industry and other related husbandry practices that require anaesthesia of Korean rose bitterling and oily bitterling.
A Review on Emotion Detection and Classification using Speech

The paper reviews about “emotion detection using vocal audios”. The vocals mainly constitute of the speech which is determined by the signals. Emotion recognition from the speech is an old and challenging problem in the field of artificial intelligence. In this paper, the recent developments on sentiment analysis using speech and different problems related to the same have been presented. The main challenge of the speech detection model is the classification of different emotions using the emotion detection model. So to choose an appropriate classification model is vital. Different types of features of emotional speech data and extraction techniques concerned with them are described in this paper along with the previous work review. The applicability of the various classification techniques has also been reviewed. The analysis has also been performed on different ML techniques for speech emotion recognition accuracy in different languages’.
Influence of Storage Conditions on the Quality of Cotton Seeds in Benin Republic

Background The availability of good quality seeds is synonymous with improved farming, especially cash crops such as cotton. However, serious problems with seed germination have been reported recently by cotton farmers in Benin Republic. The assumptions formulated at the base with regard to this situation remain to be verified technically. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the influence of storage conditions on the quality of cotton seeds in Northern Benin. Temperature and relative humidity were assessed followed by a seed sampling sequence in seven (07) cotton seeds stores according to three main periods, ranging from the establishment in conservation to the following seasonal production. Germination tests were then carried out on each sample followed by data analysis using R and Minitab17 software.Results There is a large variation in the germination rate of cotton seed during their storage period. The probabilities values ​​(Pvalue1 = 0.023, Pvalue2 = 0.001 and Pvalue3 = 0.038) respectively associated with the three samples and the various coefficient of variation (CV) between stores (CV1 = 2.42%, CV2 = 7.1% and CV3 = 8.88%) explain a significant difference not only between the stores but also from one sample to another with regard to sampling periods. There is a strong progressive decrease in seed germination (Germination rate 1 > Germination rate2 > Germination rate3), which is responsible for the failure observed by the growers during sowing. Thus, seeds lose an average of 15% of their initial germination capacity already at one month of storage. This is generally negative due to all the storage conditions and system in the stores.Conclusions The excessive increase in temperature and the considerable decrease in relative humidity in stores are the main factors of significant loss of germination capacity of cotton seeds. In view of this situation, it is desirable that technical measures be taken in this direction in order to better preserve the quality of the seeds made available to producers for an optimization of the cotton sector in Benin.
Pleiotropic function of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-BOX gene TaSPL14 on plant architecture of wheat

Background SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-BOX gene OsSPL14 from rice is evaluated as the major gene for ideal plant architecture consisting of few unproductive tillers, more grains per spike and high lodging resistance stems. However, the function of its orthologous gene TaSPL14 in wheat is still unknown. Results Here, we reported the similarity and variation between TaSPL14 and OsSPL14. Similar to OsSPL14, TaSPL14 knock-out mutants exhibited decreased plant height, spike length, spikelet number, thousand-grain weight. Different from OsSPL14, TaSPL14 had no effect on tiller number. Transcriptome analysis genes related to ethylene response were significantly decreased in young spikes of TaSPL14 knockout mutants, compared with wild type. TaSPL14 directly binds to the promoters of the ethylene response gene TaEIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1), TaRAP2.11 (ETHYLENE-RESPNSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2.11) and TaERF1 (ETHYLENE-RESPNSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1) and activities their expression, suggesting that TaSPL14 might regulate wheat spike development through ethylene response pathway. Conclusions TaSPL14 had similar function with OsSPL14 in regulating plant height, spike length, spikelet number and thousand-grain weight of wheat, and had different function in tiller development. TaSPL14 might regulate spike development through TaEIL1, TaRAP2.11 and TaERF1, not TaDEP1.The elucidation of TaSPL14 will contribute to exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying plant architecture of wheat.
Computer Simulations of Lipid Bilayers and Proteins

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Flame AAS determination of beryllium in water samples after preconcentration on activated carbon

A simple, sensitive, accurate, and selective method for the determination of ultratrace levels of beryllium is modified. The method is based on preconcentration of the complexes of beryllium-acetylacetone plus morin on activated carbon at pH 8.0-10.0 using a contact time as low as 10 minutes. The adsorbed beryllium was eluted with aqua regia and measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Recoveries up to 85% were achieved. For removing chemical interferences and applying the method to the Be determination in water samples, sensitivity and reproducibility were examined. The Be detection limit was found to be 0.012 ng mL -1 . The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was found to be 7% for 200 mL of 0.5 ng mL -1 Be and 9% for 1000 mL of 0.1 ng mL -1 Be using the 10 replicate enrichment procedures. The Be concentrations in the water samples were found to be in the 0.05-1.687 ng mL -1 range.
Flame AAS determination of total lead in soil sediments near highways in Maracaibo city, Venezuela

An FAAS-based method previously analytically developed for the total determination of Pb was employed to establish the Pb levels in 76 urban sediment samples collected near four highways in Maracaibo City, Venezuela. The proposed method is simple, uses controlled heating at 60-70°C, atmospheric pressure, and diluted acid media during treatment of the solid samples. These facts avoided the loss of Pb by volatility, which generally is responsible for experimental errors in the estimation of the real concentration of this analyte. Accuracy of the FAAS method was evaluated by analyzing three certified materials, obtaining a mean relative error of 1.08% between the certified and experimental values. The average precision expressed as RSD was 1.93%. The detection limit (3σ) and characteristic concentration were 0.25 and 0.43 mg/L Pb, respectively. The Pb mean concentrations (± 1SD, mg/kg) of the different sampling points were: A-5: 3,385 ± 2,503; A-L: 3,554 ± 1,712; C-1: 2,252 ± 2,224; and C-2: 2,457 ± 1,666. These concentrations were approximately 300% higher than the values found in a study carried out between 1984 and 1985. High concentrations of Pb found in Maracaibo City are related to the high automobile traffic, which consumes exorbitant volumes of leaded gasoline. The developed analytical method for the FAAS-determination of Pb in urban sediment samples was accurate, precise, and free of interferences, constituting an analytical tool for the evaluation of this toxic element in environmental samples.
Donor-Acceptor Substituted Graphyne: A Promising Nonlinear OpticalMaterial

Graphyne (Gy) has been modified to prepare an extraordinary donor-Gy-acceptor structure to plan a better nonlinear optical material. Extraordinary character of conjugate graphyne backbone leads to a huge static first hyperpolarizability (βtot) up to 128 × 10-30 esu which is an enormous improvement than that of the bare graphyne. Amusingly, we have discovered two groups of site of substitution in graphyne having two separate symmetries although they all are energetically equivalent. Besides the colossal static first hyperpolarizability, it can be used over a wide range of electromagnetic spectrum.