Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Analysis of Palm Oil used in some Parts of Benue State, Nigeria

The quality assessment of palm oil samples from four (4) locations across Benue State, Nigeria was conducted. From the analysis carried out, the free fatty acid value of Makurdi, Otukpo, Naka, and Ugbokolo oil samples were; 2.2 %, 2.5 %, 1.8 % and 4.1 % respectively. Apart from the Ugbokolo oil sample, the rest have acid values within the stipulated range. The iodine values were respectively 46.3 mg/L, 48.4 mg/L, 47.1 mg/L and 444.8 mg/L for Makurdi, Otukpo, Naka and Ugbokolo. Apart from Ugbokolo sample, the rest samples indicated that the oils contained the right proportion of fatty acids. The saponification values were; 191.5 mg/g, 197.4 mg/g 204.2 mg/g and 206.6 mg/g for Makurdi, Otukpo, Naka and Ugbokolo towns respectively. Makurdi sample fell short of the stipulated range which may be due to the high amount of unsaponifiable. Ugbokolo sample was slightly higher than the stipulated range indicating that it has lower amount of unsaponifiable matter. While Otukpo and Naka samples gave good values The peroxide values were; 5.6 mg/kg, 11.7 mg/kg, 6.9 mg/kg and 9.1mg/kg for Makurdi, Otukpo, Naka and Ugbokolo samples respectively. Apart from the oil obtained from Otukpo, the rest gave good results. The slightly higher value of Otukpo sample indicates that the oil is susceptible to oxidation. The moisture content of Makurdi sample was obtained as 0.0 %, 4.5 % for Otukpo sample, 5.0 % for Naka sample and 2.6 % for Ugbokolo sample. Apart from Makurdi, the rest were higher than the stipulated values. The value of the Makurdi sample clearly indicates that there was no dissolved water.
Effect of Aflatoxin B-1 on Course of Infection of Trypanosoma congolense in Mice

Mycotoxins as secondary metabolites are known to be common contaminants of both human food and animal feed. If ingested in minute but regular doses, they are known to cause suppression of the immune system and therefore, alter pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. Trypanosoma congolense an intravascular parasite is the most important cause of African animal trypanosomosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of aflatoxin B-1, a common mycotoxin on progression and response of T. congolense to chemotherapy. Female Swiss white mice were intra-peritoneally injected with 0.05mg/kg body weight aflatoxin B-1 every after 3 days upto 10 times and on the 21 st day were infected with T. congolense . Parasitological parameters including weight, packed cell volume and parasitaemia levels of aflatoxin B-1-injected- T. congolense -infected mice were compared with those of T. congolense -infected mice. ANOVA and mean separation were used to determine differences between the test and control mice. It was observed that there was significant difference (p? 0.05) in body weight and mean death time but no significant difference in packed cell volume. It was concluded that aflatoxin B-1 has an effect on pathogenesis of T. congolense . Key words : Trypanosoma congolense, Aflatoxin B-1, progression, chemotherapy
Large-eddy simulation of contrail evolution in the vortex phase and its interaction with atmospheric turbulence

Abstract. In this work, the evolution of contrails in the vortex and dissipation regimes is studied by means of fully three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES) coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking method to treat the ice phase. In this paper, fine-scale atmospheric turbulence is generated and sustained by means of a stochastic forcing that mimics the properties of stably stratified turbulent flows as those occurring in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The initial flow field is composed of the turbulent background flow and a wake flow obtained from separate LES of the jet regime. Atmospheric turbulence is the main driver of the wake instability and the structure of the resulting wake is sensitive to the intensity of the perturbations, primarily in the vertical direction. A stronger turbulence accelerates the onset of the instability, which results in shorter contrail descent and more effective mixing in the interior of the plume. However, the self-induced turbulence that is produced in the wake after the vortex breakup dominates over background turbulence until the end of the vortex regime and controls the mixing with ambient air. This results in mean microphysical characteristics such as ice mass and optical depth that are slightly affected by the intensity of atmospheric turbulence. However, the background humidity and temperature have a first-order effect on the survival of ice crystals and particle size distribution, which is in line with recent studies.
How winding is the coast of Britain? Conformal invariance of rocky shorelines

We show that rocky shorelines with fractal dimension 4/3 are conformally invariant curves by measuring the statistics of their winding angles from global high‐resolution data. Such coastlines are thus statistically equivalent to the outer boundary of the random walk and of percolation clusters. A simple model of coastal erosion gives an explanation for these results. Conformal invariance allows also to predict the highly intermittent spatial distribution of the flux of pollutant diffusing ashore.
Energy-Aware Software Engineering

A great deal of energy in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems can be wasted by software, regardless of how energy-efficient the underlying hardware is. To avoid such waste, programmers need to understand the energy consumption of programs during the development process rather than waiting to measure energy after deployment. Such understanding is hindered by the large conceptual gap from hardware, where energy is consumed, to high-level languages and programming abstractions. The approaches described in this chapter involve two main topics: energy modelling and energy analysis. The purpose of modelling is to attribute energy values to programming constructs, whether at the level of machine instructions, intermediate code or source code. Energy analysis involves inferring the energy consumption of a program from the program semantics along with an energy model. Finally, the chapter discusses how energy analysis and modelling techniques can be incorporated in software engineering tools, including existing compilers, to assist the energy-aware programmer to optimise the energy consumption of code.
On the Fundamental Tradeoffs between Routing Table Size and Network Diameter in Peer-to-Peer Networks

In this work, we study a fundamental tradeoff issue in designing dynamic hash table (DHT) in peer-to-peer networks: the size of the routing table v.s. the network diameter. It was observed in Ratnasamy et al. that existing DHT schemes either (a) have a routing table of size and network diameter of , or (b) have a routing table of size and network diameter of . They asked whether this represents the best asymptotic “stateefficiency” tradeoffs. Our first major result is to show that there are routing algorithms which achieve better asymptotic tradeoffs. However, such algorithms all cause severe congestion on certain network nodes, which is undesirable in a P2P network. We then define the notion of “congestionfree” and conjecture that the above tradeoffs are asymptotically optimal for a congestion-free network. Though we are not able to prove (or disprove) this conjecture in full generality, our rigorous formulation of the problem and techniques introduced in proving slightly weaker results serve as the basis for further exploration of this problem. Our second major result is to prove that, if the routing algorithms are symmetric, the aforementioned tradeoffs are asymptotically optimal. Furthermore, for symmetric algorithms, we find that is a magic threshold point for routing table size as follows. The “congestion” factor dominates the “reachability” factor in determining the minimum network diameter when the routing table size is asymptotically smaller than or equal to , and it is the other way around when the routing table size is asymptotically larger than . Our third and final major result is to study the exact (instead of asymptotic) optimal tradeoffs. We propose a new routing algorithm that reduces the routing table size and the network diameter of Chord both by 21.4% without introducing any other overhead, based on a novel number-theoretical technique.
Indices for capturing spatial patterns and their evolution in time, with application to European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Bay of Biscay

A series of candidate statistical indices is used in an attempt to capture spatial patterns of fish populations from research survey data. To handle diffuse population limits, indices are designed not to depend on arbitrary delineation of the domain. They characterize the location (centre of gravity and spatial patches), the occupation of space (inertia, isotropy, positive area, spreading area, and equivalent area), statistical dispersion (Gini index and coefficient of variation of strictly positive densities), and microstructure. Collocation between different ages and years is summarized by a global index of collocation. Indices are estimated for hake from a bottom-trawl data series in the Bay of Biscay in autumn of 1987-2004. The study provides a detailed description of the spatial patterns of different hake age groups, age 3 appearing to be a turning point in these dynamics. Capturing spatial patterns through indices allows the comparison of surveyed populations and identification of trends and outliers in the time-series. Spatial indices are used in a multivariate approach to obtain an overview of the relationships between the different spatial indices characterizing the spatial behaviour of six age groups of hake, and to assess their persistence through time.
Modeling Denitrification Across An Agricultural Catchment In A Changing Climate

An overabundance of nitrogen (N) in marine and freshwater ecosystems has been linked to diverse, usually negative, effects on human health and the environment. One natural process that reduces N loads to downstream waters is denitrification, the microbially mediated reduction of NO3 to N2, NO, or N2O gas; however, it is difficult to quantify denitrification rates and even harder to extrapolate them spatially and temporally to generate landscape-scale estimates of denitrification. Additionally, we expect that the changes in temperature and precipitation projected for the end of the century may alter the rates and patterns of denitrification. We developed a coupled hydrologic-denitrification model that predicts daily denitrification rates across an agricultural watershed and was parameterized using in-situ denitrification measurements and two types of hydrologic observations (streamflow and upland soil moisture). The model fits well with the observed denitrification (R=0.75), stream discharge (R=0.71) and soil moisture (R=0.85). The modeled values did not match well with areal denitrification observations determined from isotopic analysis of the nitrate and a mixing model, and further work needs to be done to understand this discrepancy. Looking to the future, our results suggest that denitrification rates will increase, particularly in areas with high baseline rates, that the spatial and temporal patterns will not change appreciably, and that temperature increases will be the major driving factor of the projected rate changes.
The CloudSat Mission

The CloudSat Mission deploys the first spaceborne 94 GHz cloud profiling radar in space. The mission was selected under the NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder Program (ESSP http://essp.gsfc.nasa.gov) with a scheduled launch for the alter part of 2004. The unique feature of the CloudSat radar lies in its ability to observe jointly most of the clouds and precipitation within its nadir field of view. The CloudSat satellite also flies as part of a constellation of satellites that includes EOS Aqua and EOS Aura at each end of the constellation. CloudSat, as second ESSP mission that flies an aerosol lidar (CALIPSO) and another small satellite, PARASOL, carrying the POLDER polarimeter inserted in the formation between the larger EOS spacecraft. This constellation is referred to as the A-train. An overview of the CloudSat mission, its science goals, science products and validation are summarized. CloudSat seeks to solve a number of outstanding cloud-climate problems and thereby spur improvements in both weather forecasting and climate prediction. It aims to evaluate quantitatively the representation of clouds and cloud processes in global atmospheric circulation models, and the relationship between the vertical profiles of cloud liquid water and ice content and cloud radiative properties, including the radiative heating by clouds.
Statistical analysis of precipitation time series in Dobrudja region

Temporal characteristics of precipitation evolution in Dobrudja, a region situated in the Southeastern part of Romania, are analyzed in this article, using a data base of ten monthly series, collected in the period January 1965-December 2005. This paper describes different methods to detect the break points existence in order to detect changes in evolution of the monthly precipitation series. The study indicates a constant trend of precipitation before 2000 and an increasing one after 2000, in concordance with the predictions for this region.
The Relative Importance of Symmetric and Asymmetric Shocks: The Case of United Kingdom and Euro Area

We show how a simple model with sign restrictions can be used to identify symmetric and asymmetric supply, demand and monetary policy shocks in an estimated two-country structural VAR for the UK and Euro area. The results can be used to deal with several issues that are relevant in the optimal currency area literature. We find an important role for symmetric shocks in explaining the variability of the business cycle in both economies. However, the relative importance of asymmetric shocks, being around 20% in the long run, cannot be ignored. Moreover, when we estimate the model for the UK and US, the degree of business cycle synchronization seems to be higher. Finally, we confirm existing evidence of the exchange rate being an independent source of shocks in the economy.
ON IDEMPOTENT, COMMUTATIVE, AND NONASSOCIATIVE GROUPOIDS

For an algebra IS. —(A; F) and for «a2, let />„(2l) denote the number of essentially n-ary polynomials of 21. J. Dudek has shown that if 21 is an idempotent and nonassociative groupoid then pnÇiï. ) äs for all n>2. In this paper this result is improved for the commutative case to show that for such groupoids 21, pn(M) &i(2n-(-l)") for all ne2 (Theorem 1) and that this is the best possible result. Those groupoids for which this lower bound is attained are completely characterized. In fact, the relevant result proved below is much stronger (Theorem 3). From these and other known results it is deduced that the sequence (0, 0, 1, 3) has the minimal extension property.
Antidiabetic Activity of Plumeria Alba Linn (Apocynaceae) Root Extract and Fractions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of total hydroalcohol root extract of Plumeria alba (Apocynaceae) and its active fraction on diabetes in rats. Methods: The effect of total hydroalcohol extract at 250 mg/kg and different fractions was evaluated on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in mice. The effect of the active fractions on OGTT was measured on a model of diabetic rats (fructose-enriched fat diet and streptozotocin-induced). Results: The results show that the total extract (250 mg/kg), ethyl acetate fraction and supernatant fraction (obtained after centrifugation of total extract) at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.01) reduced hyperglycemia induced by glucose overload in mice. Fructose-enriched fat diet increased blood cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in hyperlipidemic untreated rats compared to normal control rats. Administration of total extract (250 mg/kg/day) and supernatant fraction of P. alba (100 mg/kg/day) during 14 days significantly reduced lipid parameters (total cholesterol, p < 0.001; triglycerides, p < 0.01; HDL, p < 0.05). Analysis of oxidative stress markers shows that the supernatant fraction and total extract significantly increased serum glutathione level (p < 0.01) but significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in liver (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the total extract and fractions of P. alba exhibit significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties in streptozotocin induced diabetic animals. The supernatant fraction (which is free of organic solvent) was the most biologically active Keywords: Diabetes, Hyperlipidermia, Plumeria alba , Fructose-enriched fat diet, Oxidative stress markers, Streptozotocin
Informing groundwater models with near-surface geophysical data

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A HYBRID LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN APPROACH FOR SIMULATION OF BUBBLE DYNAMICS

A mutiscale numerical approach is developed for the investigation of bubbly flows in turbulent environments. This consists of two different numerical approaches capable of capturing the bubble dynamics at different scales depending upon the relative size of the bubbles compared to the grid resolution: (i) fully resolved simulations (FRS) wherein the bubble dynamics and deformation are completely resolved, and (ii) subgrid, discrete bubble model where the bubbles are not resolved by the computational grid. For fully resolved simulations, a novel approach combining a particle-based, mesh-free technique with a finite-volume flow solver, is developed. The approach uses marker points around the interface and advects the signed distance to the interface in a Lagrangian frame. Interpolation kernel based derivative calculations typical of particle methods are used to extract the interface normal and curvature from unordered marker points. Unlike front-tracking methods, connectivity between the marker points is not necessary. For underresolved bubbles, a mixture-theory based Eulerian-Lagrangian approach accounting for volumetric displacements due to bubble motion and size variations is developed. The bubble dynamics is modeled by Rayleigh-Plesset equations using an adaptive timestepping scheme. A detailed verification and validation study of both approaches is performed to test the accuracy of the method on a variety of single and multiple bubble problems to show good predictive capability. Interaction of bubbles with a traveling vortex tube is simulated and compared with experimental data of
Peptide Antibiotics Developed by Mimicking Natural Antimicrobial Peptides

Antimicrobial peptides are widely preferred drugs for infectious disease treatment. Inspired from natural antimicrobial peptides, short peptides showing good antibacterial activity are designed in this study. The peptides consisted of repeating hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids, positioned on one side of the alpha helix. Arginine in peptides resulted in better activity compared to lysine. Having positively charged amino acids at both ends, created better activity for Escherichia coli compared to Staphylococcus aureus, and only at one end, created comparable activities for both organisms. Positioning of arginines on one side in zigzag form prominently increased the activity compared to positioning on linear axis. Elongating hydrophobic tail resulted in self-binding and eliminated the antibacterial activity. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that a single molecule is capable of creating hydrophilic channel in membrane. Electron microscopic examination of staphylococci treated with these peptides revealed that the bacteria split into halves. Docking studies revealed that the peptides strongly bind to the major peptidoglycan synthesizing membrane protein, glycosyltransferase. The unique composition and design of these peptides revealed a promising antibacterial activity that may further lead to the development of new antimicrobial compounds effective to multi-drug resistant organisms.
Serological Evidence of Lyme disease And Possible Introduction of Borrelia along Migratory Bird Routes in Brazil

The presence of autochthonous Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in Brazil has been unproven until recently because this etiological agent has not been isolated in neither human clinical samples nor in ticks collected in probable areas of infection. However, recent studies have shown that migrating birds can transport ticks infected by bioagents between countries and continents. To evaluate serological evidence of human Borrelia-caused infections in Brazil, and to compare these data with the presence of migratory birds, and testing for spatio-temporal correlation between these two events. Spatiotemporal analysis of Lyme disease-reactive human serologies (2009-2016) and sites and times of migratory bird occurrence of in Brazil was conducted. Geographic groupings were analyzed by estimating Kernel density and Moran I Global Index. To evaluate record temporal structuring, data from months when migratory birds occur in Brazil (September to April), were compared with months of onset of symptoms clinically resembling Lyme borreliosis. Analysis of variance was performed to test whether the presence/absence of migratory birds is associated with the frequency of serologies. Results indicate a spatial association between the events (I=0.53). However, analysis of variance found no significant difference between the presence/absence of migratory birds in Brazil and the frequency of Lyme disease reactive serologies (F=0.564, df=1, p=0.456). The observed spatio-temporal pattern suggests that either translocation of infected vectors or the migration of birds with bacteremia from endemic areas may be responsible for human infections of Lyme borreliosis in Brazil. However, more research, monitoring and surveillance (human and animal) are required to support this hypothesis.
Dependence the amount of combustion air and its redistribution to primary and secondary combustion air and his depending on the boiler

The production of solid pollutants is affected by several influences. The amount of combustion air and its redistribution to primary and secondary combustion air. The experimental device, what which has been examined the amount of the combustion air on the production of the solid pollutants, methods of measurement, measurements results and analysis of the results obtained will be described in the papers.