Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of discrete recharge from the supraglacial drainage system formodelling of subglacial conduits pattern of Svalbard polythermalglaciers

Abstract. Being a determinant factor of the glacier’s dynamic, subglacial water behavior needs a special attention.Water flowing from the glacier’s surface is the principal source supplying the subglacial drainage system. Therefore, insight into the state and evolution of the supraglacial drainage system is crucial for recognition of recharge pattern of the englacial and subglacial drainage pathways. Climate warming causes increased ablation generating higher amount of meltwater and thinning of glacier. Decadal timescale evolution of the supraglacial drainage leads to some modifications of the system in opposition to its nearly stable state on an annual timescale. For two studied glaciers Hansbreen and Werenskioldbreen in southern Svalbard surface meltwater is the main runoff component. During the ablation season 2015, 72.5 % of the total amount was provided by meltwater and 27.5 % by precipitations. Supraglacial catchments were determined on the high resolution digital elevation model using standard watershed modelling tool in ArcGIS, for each water-input area (WIA). Spatialized water runoff calculations for all the main WIAs have been done. Having data on the water sources from catchments delimited on glacier’s surface, modelling of a theoretical pattern of subglacial conduits was done considering discrete water recharge via moulins, shear fractures or crevasses. Classical modelling with an assumption of homogeneous water supply was done for comparison. Several water pressure conditions have been taken into account as well. Results show that models of subglacial drainage system with homogeneous water recharge are more realistic for tidewater glaciers with rather broad permeable firn areas and creased frontal zones, while discrete water recharge models are better for land-terminating glaciers with almost continuous impermeable superficial cold ice layer. Subglacial channel models are assumed to be valid for a minimum period of two decades taking into account evolution of supraglacial drainage system and ice thickness changes of Svalbard polythermal glaciers.
Prospects for detecting dark matter with GLAST in light of the WMAP haze

Observations by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment have identified an excess of microwave emission from the center of the Milky Way. It has previously been shown that this 'WMAP haze' could be synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons and positrons produced in the annihilations of dark matter particles. In particular, the intensity, spectrum, and angular distribution of the WMAP haze is consistent with an electroweak scale dark matter particle (such as a supersymmetric neutralino or Kaluza-Klein dark matter in models with universal extra dimensions) annihilating with a cross section on the order of {sigma}v{approx}3x10{sup -26} cm{sup 3}/s and distributed with a cusped halo profile. No further exotic astrophysical or annihilation boost factors are required. If dark matter annihilations are in fact responsible for the observed haze, then other annihilation products will also be produced, including gamma rays. In this article, we study the prospects for the GLAST satellite to detect gamma rays from dark matter annihilations in the Galactic Center region in this scenario. We find that by studying only the inner 0.1 deg. around the Galactic Center, GLAST will be able to detect dark matter annihilating to heavy quarks, gauge bosons, or tau leptons over astrophysical backgrounds withmore » 5{sigma} (3{sigma}) significance if they are lighter than approximately 320-500 GeV (500-750 GeV). If the angular window is broadened to study the dark matter halo profile's angular extension (while simultaneously reducing the astrophysical backgrounds), weakly interacting, massive particles (WIMPs) as heavy as several TeV can be identified by GLAST with high significance. Only if the dark matter particles annihilate mostly to electrons or muons will GLAST be unable to identify the gamma ray spectrum associated with the WMAP haze. « less
A SOFTWARE TOOL TO COMPARE MEASURED AND SIMULATED BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE DATA

Building energy performance is often inadequate when compared to design goals. To link design goals to actual operation one can compare measured with simulated energy performance data. Our previously developed comparison approach is the Energy Performance Comparison Methodology (EPCM), which enables the identification of performance problems based on a comparison of measured and simulated performance data. In context of this method, we developed a software tool that provides graphing and data processing capabilities of the two performance data sets. The software tool called SEE IT (Stanford Energy Efficiency Information Tool) eliminates the need for manual generation of data plots and data reformatting. SEE IT makes the generation of time series, scatter and carpet plots independent of the source of data (measured or simulated) and provides a valuable tool for comparing measurements with simulation results. SEE IT also allows assigning data points on a predefined building object hierarchy and supports different versions of simulated performance data. This paper briefly introduces the EPCM, describes the SEE IT tool and illustrates its use in the context of a building case study.
The Study of the Orally Transmitted Ballad: Past Paradigms and a New Poetics

The study of the orally transmitted narrative and of the ballad in particular has been, up to now at least, relatively homeless, spoken of and treated by many—linguists, philologists, literary critics, folklorists, sociologists, anthropologists—but wholeheartedly adopted by none. What is the orally transmitted ballad? Is it folklore? Partly, but as Alan Dundes points out, not everything orally transmitted is folklore and some forms of folklore are not orally transmitted (1966a:7). Is it literature? Wellek and Warren defend oral poetry and narrative as indeed worthy of serious literary consideration: “clearly, any coherent conception [of literature] must include ‘oral literature’” (1973:22). Is it anthropology? Levi-Strauss tells us that the anthropologist studies oral traditions because he sees in them the keys to unconscious thought processes (1963:25). Categorizing the oral ballad as a genre is difficult because it is interdisciplinary and all-encompassing. It is hard to define and delimit. It is anomalous, neither wholly linguistic nor literary; it is associated with certain marginal social classes and groups (the illiterate, the semi-literate, the rural peasantry, women, children), and thus has an important sociological and ethnological component. Further, its often dreamlike symbolism and mythic themes reach into the complex areas of mythology, legend, and psychology. Oral ballads are complicated to study because there are no fixed, correct, or archetypal texts. There are no authoritative texts. In fact, there are no texts at all. Compared to the long history of literary criticism of written works, with all its various movements and critical orientations, the study of oral narratives has been somewhat unfocused and diffuse and has lacked appropriate theoretical supports and apparatus, namely, a poetics of balladry, a poetics of oral transmission. My purpose in this brief contribution is to characterize what I take to
Tests of Income Pooling on Household Budget Data: The Australian Evidence

The unitary household model implies pooling of all individual incomes. This study distinguishes between various types of income pooling and tests them on Australian household income/expenditure data. The tests recognise the endogeneity of both earned and unearned income and are performed using a 3 SLS estimation procedure that allows feedback between the various equations. The results support income pooling for some items, though not for others. Moreover, income pooling across gender seems much less likely for old people than for the younger individuals. The study, also, provides evidence on the interaction between the various types of income.
Dynamic almost ideal demand systems: an empirical analysis of alcohol expenditure in Ireland

This paper presents a dynamic form of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Three versions of the static AIDS model are employed to determine the preferred long-run equilibrium model and represents the short-run dynamics by an error correction mechanism. This estimation procedure is then applied to alcohol expenditure in Ireland. The estimated point elasticities are consistent with previous studies and a priori expectations. Beer and spirits are found to be price inelastic in both the short and long run. While wine is price inelastic in the short run and price elastic in the long run.
Structural, Thermal and Optical Properties of Pure and Mn2+ Doped Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films

Pure and Mn2+ doped poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymer films were prepared using the solution cast technique. The prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. TGA/DSC analysis reveals that the sample is thermally stable upto 350 0C. The morphology of the polymer films was studied by SEM. The optical absorbance of the polymer films was measured in the 200-900 nm wavelength range. The absorption edge, direct band gap and indirect band gap have been evaluated. The FTIR spectrum exhibits several bands characteristics of stretching and bending vibrations of C - Cl, C - H, C = C and O - H groups. The EPR Spectra at room temperature were used to calculate the number of spins and paramagnetic susceptibility as a function of dopant concentration. All the Mn2+ doped PVC samples exhibit a signal centred at geff = 1.9. The observed variation in the EPR signal intensity is due to the variation in the dopant concentration. The complexation of Mn2+ ion with the polymer was confirmed by XRD studies.
EQUINE NEOSPOROSIS: SEARCH FOR ANTIBODIES IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND SERA FROM ANIMALS WITH HISTORY OF ATAXIA* NEOSPOROSE EQUINA: PESQUISA DE ANTICORPOS NO LIQUIDO CEFALORRAQUIDIANO E SORO SANGUÍNEO DE ANIMAIS COM HISTÓRICO DE ATAXIA

Stelmann U.J.P., Ullmann L.S. , Langoni H. & Amorim R.M. [Equine neosporosis: search for antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and sera from animals with history of ataxia]. Neosporose equina: pesquisa de anticorpos no liquido cefalorraquidiano e soro sanguineo de animais com historico de ataxia. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 33(2):99-102, 2011. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Medicina Veterinaria. Departamento de Clinica Veterinaria. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Junior, s/n, Botucatu, 18.618-970, SP. Brasil. E-mail: stelmann.ppgctia@gmail.com Equine neosporosis is caused by the protozoans Neospora caninum and N. hughesi. Its clinical signs include hindlimb paralysis, incoordination, ataxia, and abortion. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 38 equines with history of ataxia for indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in order to detect antibodies to N. caninum. Of the tested serum samples 15/26 (57.6%) were positive, whereas all CFS samples were negative. These seronegative CFS samples suggest that N. caninum has no relation to the manifestation of the neurological clinical signs of ataxia.
Configuring the Knowledge Diffusion Policy Portfolio of Higher Education Institutes

The research proposes an analytic framework to configure the policy portfolio for diffusing knowledge embedded in higher-education institutes. A modified Delphi method was first proposed to derive the key factors for enabling and enhancing the diffusion mechanism. The influence relationships between these factors were derived using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). The analytic network process (ANP) derived weights associated with the key factors. Finally, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was used to derive the policy instruments based on the Grey Relationships between the key factors and the policy instruments. An empirical study based on Taiwanese higher-education institutes also/then verified the feasibility of the proposed analytic framework. These findings suggest that research and development activities, publications, and networks of academic exchange play primary roles in knowledge diffusion in higher-education institutions. Motivation, human resources, and investment are the most important policy instruments to use for improving knowledge diffusion in the higher-education system.
Power Loss Minimization Techniques Using Particle Swarm Optimization & Genetic Algorithm (A Review)

This paper describes optimal power flow based on particle swarm optimization in which the power transmission loss function is used as the problem Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is well-known and widely accepted as a potential intelligent search methods for solving such a problem. Therefore, PSO-based optimal power flow is compared with genetic-based (GA-based) optimal power flow. For 30-bus IEEE power system are employed. The algorithms for PSO and GA are discussed in this paper for Loss Minimization of Transmission Systems by using either PSO or GA.
Distribution of subadult grizzly bears in relation to human development in the Bow River Watershed, Alberta

Abstract We studied the relationship between human development and activity, and subadult grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) by comparing the distribution of radiotelemetry locations from 23 subadult versus 29 adult grizzly bears during 1994–2000 in the Bow River Watershed of Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression to model significant differences in the spatial distribution of subadult and adult grizzly bears and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for significant differences in temporal distribution. Subadult bears were significantly closer to high-use roads and at lower elevations than adult bears. Both subadult and adult bears were significantly closer to high-use roads and at lower elevations during human inactive periods (1800–0700) than during human active periods (0700–1800). Subadult bears were closer to high-use roads regardless of the time of day, and therefore predisposed to greater encounter rates with humans. Consequently, subadult bears had a greater chance of becoming habituated to humans and of being killed or removed from the population by humans than adult bears. In areas with high levels of human use, we recommend that grizzly bear managers consider the population effects of these losses.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF THE MERGER STRATEGY ON GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS IN KENYA

here are many advantages that come with the application of the merger strategy, but at the same time, there are disadvantages that come with it. The disadvantages are not building blocks to success of government parastatals with respect to parastatals mergers. As will be seen from the study below, mergers have a short-term and long-term effect with respect to job-losses. This will mostly affect the semiskilled work-force, whereas the highly-skilled workforce and the managers will be forced to take pay-cuts. This will definitely have an effect on the standards of living of those affected in the process. At the same time, the research reveals that, the merger strategy on government parastatals will bring about the issue of nepotism and ethnicity in the merged parastatals. It will affect many and will make the getting of services purely on tribal basis and on the ‘who-knows-who’ basis. This is a great hindrance to the development of any nation, and will definitely be of great hindrance to the development of Kenya as a nation. The ugly head of corruption will also be witnessed when the government merges the parastatals. Corruption has been known to run institutions down, and the same is likely to be witnessed by the Kenyan government in its bid to reduce the number of parastatals through the merging strategy.
Treatibility of Wastewater Containing
2,4 Dichlorophenol Using Aclimated Activated
Sludge Microorganisms in Packed
Upflow Column Bioreactor

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) acclimated activated sludge culture was immobilized in polyurethane foam and supplemented to a packed upflow column bioreactor (PUCB) to treat 2,4-DCP containing wastewater. The impact of sludge age and 2,4-DCP concentration on biodegradation performance were studied. Results show that sludge age affected biodegradation in the PUCB. The residence time was adjusted by feeding with synthetic wastewater without DCP. The optimum phenol concentration was determined in 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old sludge. According to the results obtained, the removal of 99% phenol and 95% COD were determined in 10-day-old sludge and 500 mg/L 2,4-DCP concentration. Packing medium was examined both visually and by SEM, and a significant amount of organisms was observed accumulating on the surface, which indicated that diffusion limitations were controlling biofilm thickness.
Funerary practices in the Iberian Peninsula from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic

With this book the contributors review funerary practices from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic in the Western Mediterranean, more specifically, in this first volume, on modern day Spain, Andorra, and Portugal. (A second volume will focus on the same periods in Southern France and the Italian Peninsula.) Contents: Preface. Funerary practices in the western Mediterranean from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic: the Iberian Peninsular (Juan Gibaja, Antonio Faustino Carvalho and Philippe Chambon); 1) Funerary practices in Cantabrian, Spain (9000-3000 cal BC) (Pablo Arias); 2) From pits to megaliths: Neolithic burials in the interior of Iberia (Manuel Rojo-Guerra and Rafael Garrido-Pena); 3) Funerary practices during the Early-Middle Neolithic in north-east Iberia (Juan Gibaja et al); 4) Mesolithic and Neolithic funerary practices in the central Mediterranean region of Spain (Oreto Garcia Puchol et al); 5) Funerary practices and demography from the Mesolithic to the Copper Age in southern Spain (Marta Diaz-Zorita et al); 6) Mortuary archaeology of the Muge shell middens (Mary Jackes and David Lubell); 7) Algar do Bom Santo: a Middle Neolithic necropolis in Portuguese Estremadura (Antonio Faustino Carvalho et al); 8) The Sado shell middens: anthropological and paleodietary depiction (Claudia Umbelino and Eugenia Cunha); 9) Ditches, pits and hypogea: new data and new problems in south Portugal Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic practices (Antonio Carlos Valera); 10) Early Neolithic funerary practices in Castelo Belinho's village (western Algarve, Portugal) (Mario Varela Gomes)
ANALYSIS OF PIECEWISE-CONTINUOUS EXTENSIONS OF PERIODIC LINEAR IMPULSIVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH FIXED, STRICTLY INHOMOGENEOUS IMPULSES

We introduce the notion of impulse extension equations for linear xed-time impulsive dierential equations (IDEs) with strictly inhomogeneous impulses. These dif- ferential equations can be thought of as representing the underlying processes for which such linear xed-time IDEs are a limiting case. We will establish basic existence and u- niqueness results, and then develop sucient conditions for existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions, and study an example of an IDE whose every solution is periodic, even though almost all impulse extension equations which resembles it admit no periodic or bounded solutions.
Carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon reflect utilization of different carbon sources by microbial communities in two limestone aquifer assemblages

Isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are used to indicate both transit times and biogeochemical evolution of groundwaters. These signals can be complicated in carbonate aquifers, as both abiotic (i.e. carbonate equilibria) and biotic factors influence δ 13 C and 14 C of DIC. We applied a novel graphical method for tracking changes in δ 13 C and 14 C of DIC in two distinct aquifer complexes identified in the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (CZE), a platform to study how water transport links surface and shallow groundwaters in limestone and marlstone rocks in central Germany. For more quantitative estimates of contributions of different biotic and abiotic carbon sources to the DIC pool, we used the geochemical modelling program NETPATH, which accounts for changes in dissolved ions in addition to C isotopes. Although water residence times in the Hainich CZE aquifers based on hydrogeology are relatively short (years or less), DIC isotopes in the shallow, mostly anoxic, aquifer assemblage (HTU) were depleted in 14 C compared to a deeper, oxic, aquifer complex (HTL). Carbon isotopes and chemical changes in the deeper HTL wells could be explained by interaction of recharge waters equilibrated with post-bomb 14 C sources with carbonates. However, oxygen depletion and δ 13 C and 14 C values of DIC below those expected from the processes of carbonate equilibrium alone indicate dramatically different biogeochemical evolution of waters in the upper aquifer assemblage (HTU wells). Changes of 14 C and 13 C in the upper aquifer complexes result from a number of biotic and abiotic processes, including oxidation of 14 C depleted OM derived from recycled microbial carbon and sedimentary organic matter as well as water rock interactions. The microbial pathways inferred from DIC isotope shifts and changes in water chemistry in the HTU wells were supported by comparison with in situ microbial community structure based on 16S rRNA analyses. Our findings demonstrate the large variation in the importance of biotic as well as abiotic controls on 13 C and 14 C of DIC in closely related aquifer assemblages. Further, they support the importance of subsurface derived carbon sources like DIC for chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms as well as rock-derived organic matter for supporting heterotrophic groundwater microbial communities and indicate that even shallow aquifers have microbial communities that use a variety of subsurface derived carbon sources.
Quantification of pore-size spectrums by solute breakthrough curves

Breakthrough of conservative tracers may be used to quantify pore-size spectrum and pore-water velocity distributions in a porous medium. In this study, a theory was proposed to calculate pore-water velocity and corresponding pore-size spectrum in porous media, and its application was demonstrated. Miscible displacement tests of chloride were conducted with sand columns (5 cm id and 5 cm length), repacked with washed sand with a particle size of 2–1, 1–0.45, 0.45–0.325 and v ) and pore-radius. Mean v ( v b ) calculated for a column was approximated by geometric averaging the calculated v -values for the BTC. To validate the developed model, laboratory measured and approximated values of v b were compared. The correlation analysis conducted between measured and approximated v b resulted in a correlation coefficient of r = 0.89 ( P < 0.01). The results revealed that size distribution of effective pores could be quite different even in replicates of small sand columns, which are highly similar in particle-size and total porosity.