Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydroconversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Dimethylfuran and 2,5‐Dimethyltetrahydrofuran over Non‐promoted Ni/SBA‐15

The selective hydroconversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to biofuels is currently highly sought‐for. While the literature has demonstrated that this reaction is possible on promoted Ni catalysts, we show here that a monometallic, non‐promoted Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst, prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, can convert HMF to 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) and to 2,5‐dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF) at 180 °C, in a consecutive way. Through a control over reaction time, high yields to DMF (71 %, at conversion of 93 %) or DMTHF (97 %, at conversion of 100 %) can be achieved. Kinetic modelling suggests a preferential route to DMF via 5‐methylfurfural (MFFR) as intermediate, though the route via 2,5‐bis(hydroxylmethyl)furan (BHMF) is also present. The favored route in the experimental conditions involves the hydrogenolysis of the hydroxyl group of HMF as first step, followed by the hydrogenation of the aldehyde function, to methylfurfuryl alcohol (MFOL). It is suggested a higher reaction rate of hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis of the side group is linked to the presence of a methyl group in the molecule. No hydrogenation of the furan ring is detected on the intermediates.
Self-complexity and socio-emotional adjustment to a romantic event in early adulthood

Self-complexity, the extent that people experience themselves as having a number of distinct and meaningful social roles, may have implications for young adults’ socio-emotional adjustment to romantic life events. Based on prior research, we hypothesized that participants who reported lower self-complexity would have worse adjustment to a negative event (not having a date on Valentine’s Day) but better adjustment to a positive event (having a date). Participants (N = 325) completed measures of self-complexity and depression symptom severity at study entry. Approximately a month later, at the end of the day on Valentine’s Day, they completed a measure of emotion-regulation strategies and a reassessment of depression symptom severity. The hypothesized interaction was statistically significant; self-complexity was associated with better emotion-regulation (R 2 = .15, p < .001) and depression outcomes (R 2 = .05, p = .001) for non-daters, but worse outcomes for daters. Our findings suggest that self-complexity is related to self-regulation and has implications for adjustment to a range of life events.
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Wortel (Daucus carota L.) Sebagai Antifungi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Wortel (Daucus carota L.) Sebagai Antifungi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol umbi wortel sebagai antifungi terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 1% b/v, 3% b/v dan 5% b/v. Ekstrak etanol umbi wortel diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Pengujian aktivitas antifungi menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan cara sumuran untuk mengetahui aktivitas antifungi dengan mengamati daerah hambatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak 1% b/v, 3% b/v dan 5% b/v dapat memberikan aktivitas yang menghambat pertumbuhan jamur uji. Terdapat penambahan diameter zona hambat pada setiap kenaikan konsentrasi yaitu 1% b/v (15,7 mm), 3% b/v (18,9 mm), dan 5% b/v (19,8 mm) terhadap jamur Candida albicans. Semua variasi konsentrasi ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antifungi yang kuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Kata kunci: Ekstrak, Daucus carota L. , Antifungi, Candida albicans ABSTRACT It has conducted a study of activity test of carrot tuber ethanol extract (Daucus carota L.) as antifungal toward the growth of candida albicans. This the study aims at knowing the activity of carrot tuber ethanol extract (Daucus carota L.) as antifungal toward the growth of candida albicans by using different variance concentration they are 1% b/v, 3% b/v and 5% b/v. Carrot tuber ethanol the extract was obtained by maceration by using 70% of ethanol dissolver. Activity test of antifungal by using agar diffusion method with a well method to find out the the activity of antifungal by observing the obstruction zone. The result of this research shows that concentration extract 1% b/v, 3% b/v and 5% b/v can give activity which impedes the growth of fungal test. There is increasing of obstruction zone diameter in every increment of of the concentration they are 1% b/v (15,7 mm), 3% b/v (18,9 mm) and 5% b/v (19,8mm) toward Candida albicans fungi. All extract concentration variation has a strong antifungal activity in impeding the growth of Candida albicans.
Competence and challenge in professional development: teacher perceptions at different stages of career

ABSTRACT Teachers are expected to meet professional requirements concerning: (1) their role as a teacher, (2) capacity to teach and meet students’ specific learning needs, (3) managing the classroom effectively, and (4) cooperating with other professionals within the school. Teachers build up competencies and experience challenges associated with these requirements at different career stages. The present study investigates teachers’ perceived challenge and competence at different stages when dealing with professional requirements. A total of 655 teachers from 250 primary schools in the state of Zurich, Switzerland, at different career stages (pre-service, beginning and experienced teachers), completed a survey measuring four professional requirements in competence and challenge dimensions. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the validity of the measures and teachers’ sense of competence and perceived challenge were compared across different career stages. Beginning teachers were found to be lower in their sense of competence in all four requirements, but teachers’ experiences of challenge varied at different career stages. The findings call for attention to facilitating new teachers to accomplish the required competencies and to minimise any stress arising from the challenges they face. Promoting optimal use of resources through cooperation in the workplace may help beginning teachers to maximise their sense of competence.
EFL Students' Needs of Digital Literacy to Meet the Demands of 21stCentury Skills

This study was a survey study which was aimed at looking at EFL students’ current knowledge and skills of ICT. The research questions of this study were(1) What levels of digital literacy are the EFL students? , (2) What are the factors affecting EFL students in using ICT in language learning? , and (3) What are the students' needs to improve their digital literacy skills to meet the demands of the 21st century skills? Two groups of EFL students from two state-owned universities in the southern part of Sumatra were involved in this study. A set of questionnaires adapted from Ravitz (2014) was used. The findings showed that EFL students’ current level of digital literacy was categorized low. Factors affecting them from using ICT in language learning properly were limited use of ICT applications as a tool for language learning and limited access to computers and internet applications on campus. What the EFL students needed to improve their digital literacy skills was the availability of computers with internet applications to be used anytime on campus, ICT training for both teachers and students, and continuous integration of ICT in language learning.
Clostridium difficile in the ICU

Clostridium difficile has become an increasingly common infectious agent in the healthcare setting. It is generally associated with antibiotic use and causes diarrhea as well as other complications such as pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) and toxic megacolon. This organ ism poses a serious threat to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) as it increases hospital length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. Recurrence rates are typically higher in the ICU population as those patients usually have immunocompromised systems, more exposure to antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, loss of normal nutritional balance, and altera tions in their colonic flora. Emergence of more virulent and pathogenic strains has made combating the infection even more difficult. Newer therapies, chemotherapeutic agents, and vaccinations are on the horizon. However, the most effective treatments to date are ceasing the inciting agent, reduction in the use of proton pump inhibitors, and prevention of the disease. In this chapter, we will explore the risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of C. difficile infections (CDI) in the ICU.
Optimal Day-Ahead Charging and Frequency Reserve Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Considering the Regulation Signal Uncertainty

With large-scale integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs), power systems need more ancillary services to guarantee system stability and security. When properly managed, large-scale electric vehicles (EVs), whose markets have been growing rapidly in recently years, can provide frequency regulation service for power systems, benefiting both EVs and the grid. However, interests balance between different parties and regulation signals uncertainty are not well considered when deploying EVs to provide regulation services in previous studies. In this article, a leader–follower game is proposed for individual EVs and their aggregator to determine optimal day-ahead charging and frequency reserve scheduling considering regulation signals uncertainty. Acting as the leader in the game, the EV aggregator prices for its charging service and offers for regulation service to encourage EVs’ participation. EVs act as price-takers and aim at achieving a tradeoff between costs from electricity consumption and revenues from providing regulation service through an aggregative game. The proposed leader–follower game is then converted to a bilevel optimization problem, which can be solved by introducing an aggregate EV model. Furthermore, for the sake of privacy protection, a distributed approach is designed for EVs to optimize their scheduling. Case studies with the proposed scheduling model are carried out to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Molecular characterization of selected bacterial flora from forensic case exhibits

The potential of microorganisms is becoming increasingly apparent in forensic investigations as a consequence of advances in molecular sciences and genomics. After the advent of DNA technology in forensics various attempts have been made towards the betterment of the technology by increasing number of loci, to cope up with PCR inhibitors and a bit with low copy or degraded DNA. Still, the work on presence of microbial flora as the signature flora and their possible role in degradation of body fluids need to be worked out. The bacteria are known degraders of organic molecules, but the bacterial flora of forensic samples and their possible role in degradation of body fluid has not with been studied so far. This paper is an attempt to revisit this issue and to characterize a few bacterial isolates from real forensic case exhibits. This is the first report on isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria from the blood stained forensic case exhibits.
The Effect of Pain Scale for functional capacity evaluations

Introduction The Effect of Pain Scale is a new tool to evaluate the effect of pain on function during functional capacity evaluations. The aim was to test the clinicometric properties of the scale with clinicians familiar with the tool and workers with musculoskeletal injuries. Method The study was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assessed clinical utility and content validity of the scale using a questionnaire for clinicians using the tool during functional capacity evaluations. In stage 2, data were collected from clients and clinicians during functional capacity evaluations and were used to assess criterion validity, inter-rater reliability, and responsiveness. Results Twelve clinicians responded to the survey on clinical utility and content validity, and data were recorded from 30 clients during their functional capacity evaluations. The tool demonstrated good clinical utility, content validity, inter-rater reliability, and criterion validity, and was responsive to the effects of pain on function as rated by both clients and clinicians. Conclusion Findings show its credibility as a tool with sound clinicometrics and establish its value for functional capacity evaluations with clients who have musculoskeletal injuries. Further testing in other clinical settings and client populations is needed to further establish the clinical value of this tool.
Evaluating the Performance of Foot Control of a Supernumerary Robotic Limb

Supernumerary robotic limbs may one day allow people to perform tasks as if they had an extra limb, extending human capabilities. One challenge with supernumerary robotic limbs is how to control them. One method is teleoperation using the foot. This allows a person to continue using their arms. However, it is not clearly known how well a person can physically and cognitively use a foot-controlled supernumerary robotic arm and both of their arms simultaneously. We present an experiment that shows that using the foot to control a supernumerary robotic arm improves task performance. The task was selected so that it could be performed using only two hands, where the hands switch between subtasks. The use of only two hands provides a baseline for comparison. The results show that using the foot with the hands improved performance relative to just using the hands alone.
USER INTERFACE WEBSITE SITUS BATUJAYA KARAWANG

User Interface merupakan “wajah” dari suatu website. Pada User Interface sendiri, berdampak besar dalam menampilkan kesan maupun identitas dari web, serta dapat mempengaruhi berbagai aspek dari penggunanya. Situs Batujaya merupakan salah satu situs tertua yang berada di Jawa Barat, tepatnya di Kabupaten Karawang. Meskipun lokasi situs ini berada di wilayah Kabupaten Karawang, namun belum cukup terkenal di kalangan masyarakat. Dalam Perancangan User Interface Website Situs Batujaya, yang merupakan salah satu media informasi dan promosi bagi situs batujaya harus dapat menunjukkan citra yang merepresentasikan Situs Batujaya sebagai tempat wisata bersejarah, serta memiliki kelengkapan yang utuh sebagai User Interface Website. Pengumpulan data melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, yaitu wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka, serta proses analisis menggunakan metode S.W. O.T digunakan dalam menganalisis perancangan User Interface Website Situs Batujaya. Hasil yang akan diperoleh dari penelitian ini akan bermanfaat sebagai referensi dalam proses perancangan User Interface Website bagi desainer grafis. Kata
Nonlinear Dynamics in Treatment Wetlands: Identifying Systematic Drivers of Nonequilibrium Outlet Concentrations in Everglades STAs

Constructed treatment wetlands intercept nutrients in surface runoff to protect downstream ecosystems. Conventionally, nutrient removal is considered from a chemical kinetics perspective that assumes outlet concentrations tend toward equilibrium. We propose a broader view that includes management intervention as part of the system, and we explore the possibility that complex concentration dynamics emerge endogenously from nonlinear interactions. In particular, through application of a novel nonlinear time series diagnostic framework, we empirically test whether phosphorus removal at two Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) in South Florida might be enhanced through improved management of hydraulic and phosphorus loads. We isolated low‐dimensional, deterministic signals in STA input/output dynamics (flows and total phosphorus concentrations); mapped causal interactions among covariates; and developed parsimonious data‐driven dynamic models to simulate and characterize key interactions. At STA‐3/4, inflow dynamics systematically drove outlet concentrations, suggesting that outlet concentration variability might be reduced through enhanced hydraulic load management. We also detected management feedback in the reverse direction—STA‐3/4 outlet concentrations driving inflows—and identified a possible inefficiency in this management response. At STA‐2, neither flows nor inlet concentrations systematically drove outlet concentrations, suggesting that the wetland effectively removed incoming load signals. However, STA‐2 inflows were evidently influenced by inlet concentrations (management feedback). The differing management feedback structures between STAs suggest that STA‐3/4 performance might be improved by managing hydraulic loads more strongly in response to inlet concentrations. More broadly, this work demonstrates that management‐relevant insights into dynamic cause‐and‐effect relationships can be gleaned from observed treatment dynamics.
STUDENT TEACHERS’ CONCEPTION OF FEEDBACK WITHIN AN ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: LINK TO PUPIL ASPIRATION

Teacher beliefs for conceptualisations of feedback should facilitate pupil development. However, to what extent does the conception of feedback in assessment for learning influence pupil aspirations as commanded by the Malaysian Education Development Plan? Thus, this study is conducted to explore the degree of influence of the conceptions of feedback factors on Pupil Aspiration. A survey research design is used in this study using a self-report inventory on feedback conceptions and pupil aspirations. The participants involved are 490 student teachers who have completed their teaching practical in the government schools in their previous semester. The feedback conception inventory adapted from the Teacher Conceptions of Feedback (TCoF) is used to measure the conception of feedback and the instrument for Pupil Aspiration is developed by the researchers. A structural equation modelling software, the Analysis of Moment Structures was used to test the hypothesized relationship. The analysis involves two-stage approach. Results of the study indicated that the proposed model was supported, and thus revealing that feedback conceptions was associated with Pupil Aspirations. Ten inter-correlated constructs had good psychometric properties. All the nine constructs of feedback conceptions loaded positively on pupil aspirations. The findings will give rise to further hypotheses which could close the gap of the research.
Hydrological Model Application in the Sirba River: Early Warning System and GloFAS Improvements

In the last decades, the Sahelian area was hit by an increase of flood events, both in frequency and in magnitude. In order to prevent damages, an early warning system (EWS) has been planned for the Sirba River, the major tributary of the Middle Niger River Basin. The EWS uses the prior notification of Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) to realize adaptive measures in the exposed villages. This study analyzed the performances of GloFAS 1.0 and 2.0 at Garbey Kourou. The model verification was performed using continuous and categorical indices computed according to the historical flow series and the flow hazard thresholds. The unsatisfactory reliability of the original forecasts suggested the performing of an optimization to improve the model performances. Therefore, datasets were divided into two periods, 5 years for training and 5 years for validation, and an optimization was conducted applying a linear regression throughout the homogeneous periods of the wet season. The results show that the optimization improved the performances of GloFAS 1.0 and decreased the forecast deficit of GloFAS 2.0. Moreover, it highlighted the fundamental role played by the hazard thresholds in the model evaluation. The optimized GloFAS 2.0 demonstrated performance acceptable in order to be applied in an EWS.
A Dynamic Deep-Learning-Based Virtual Edge Node Placement Scheme for Edge Cloud Systems in Mobile Environment

Edge node placement is a key topic to edge cloud systems for that it affects their service performances significantly. Previous solutions based on the existing information are not suitable for the mobile environment due to the mobility and random Internet access of end users. In this article, we propose a dynamic virtual edge node placement scheme, in which the edge node placement strategy is generated based on the prediction information. Our placement scheme applies the pay-as-you-go and Spot Instance model of cloud computing, which may allocate the service resources with low cost conveniently and flexibly. What’s more, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is implemented to predict the information of end users’ requests and the resources’ prices, endowing the generated placement strategy with the adaptability to the change of end users. At last, a set of hierarchical-clustering-based placement algorithms are proposed, which not only locate virtual edge nodes and allocate their corresponding service resources actively, but also guarantee the service quality of end users with low time complexity. The simulation with trace data shows that compared with K-means-clustering-based placement schemes, our virtual edge node placement scheme can provide users with high-quality service in terms of network delay with relatively low placement cost time-efficiently.
Hilbert space filling curves for interpretable point mutation effects on peptide conformational dynamics

Spontaneous self-organization of solid-binding peptides on single-layer atomic materials offers enormous potential in employing these systems for practical technological and medical applications. Molecular self-organization of peptides depends highly on their sequences which, in turn, affect their conformational behavior under aqueous conditions. Traditional ways of computationally studying the effect of mutations on the conformation states involves dimension reduction on cosine and sine transformed torsion angles, often represented as Ramachandran plots. Although these studies successfully cluster conformation states, they fail to intuitively characterize the effect of the point mutation(s) directly, necessitating further data analysis. Here, we apply Hilbert Space-Filling-Curve (HSFC) on the torsion angles and demonstrate intuitive visualization for the effect of point mutations on conformation states and secondary structure dynamics along a reaction coordinate. We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on wild-type graphene binding peptide (WT-GrBP5). The 12-amino acid long peptide was selected by directed evolution and known to self-organize on atomically flat surface of graphene only under low-neutral pH at room temperature. A charge neutral mutant, M9-GrBP5, on the other hand, assembles at a broader range of pH’s at room temperature, as expected. The HSFC shows clearly that the mutated amino acids in M9 do not correlate with the reaction coordinate of pH change, unlike that of WT, confirming heuristic knowledge. Understanding the effect of specific amino acid φ-ψ pairs that contribute most to the changes in the conformational space of the peptide with changing conditions, will help in analyzing effects of point mutations in peptide sequences. The knowledge of the conformational behavior of solid binding peptides, in general, and its effect on their self-organization propensities on solid surfaces would lead to the rational design of sequences that form soft bio/nano hybrid interfaces in the future towards robust strategies for surface biofunctionalization, in general, and bioelectronics and biosensors, in particular.