Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Honey to Reduce Oxidation in Soybean Oil

Background: The oxidation of unsaturated lipids by free radicals is one of the main causes of food deterioration. The major purpose of the present study was to determine effectiveness of application of honey in order to reduce oxidation in soybean oil. Methods: Six groups were designed, including control (soybean oil emulsion without preservative), positive control (butylated hydroxyl toluene 200 ppm), and soybean oil treatment groups (containing 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% honey). Each group was sampled in order to measure peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and total antioxidant capacity parameters during 5 intervals (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days). Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS statistical software. Results: Total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity (IC50 in mg/ml) were estimated to be 74.8±0.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and 23.4±0.2 mg/ml, respectively. Totally, the soybean oil samples treated by 2.5 and 5% honey showed higher (p<0.05) antioxidant capacity than control and other treatment groups. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated considerable antioxidant potency of honey in oil emulsion. Owing to economical reasons, it is recommended that 2.5% honey could be applied as an alternative for synthetic antioxidants in oil-rich foods.
The Effect of Status Quo (SQ) Interpretation on Welfare Estimates: An Application of White Water Rafting (WWR)

Choice Experiment (CE) technique requires respondents to choose the most preferred alternative from a series of alternatives presented to them. One of these alternatives is Status Quo (SQ) option which resembles the current scenario. However, respondents’ interpretation of SQ may differ. This is inevitable for environmental goods. Using the case study of white water rafting (WWR) activity, this article investigates the effects of respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) when they are allowed to define their own SQ. Three types of SQ are being investigated: a) individual interpretation; b) group interpretation; and c) authors’ interpretation. The results show that the personal and group interpretations of SQ produce better results compared to the authors’ interpretation at least in significance of attributes. This indicates that in complex choice experiment exercises, the determination of the SQ should be decided by the respondents rather than by the researcher.
Variability of the Horizontal Velocity Structure in the Upper 1600 m of the Water Column on the Equator at 10°W

This paper presents initial results from new velocity observations in the eastern part of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean from a moored current-meter array. During the "EQUALANT" program (1999-2000), a mooring array was deployed around the equator near 10°W that recorded one year of measurements at various depths. Horizontal velocities were obtained in the upper 60 m from an upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and at 13 deeper levels from current meters between 745 and 1525 m. To analyze the quasiperiodic variability observed in these records, a wavelet-based technique was used. Quasiperiodic oscillations having periods between 5 and 100 days were separated into four bands: 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-100 days. The variability shows (i) a strong seasonality (the first half of the series is dominated by larger periods than the second one) and (ii) a strong dependence with depth (some oscillations are present in the entire water column while others are only present at certain depths). For the oscillations that are present in the entire water column the origin of the forcing can be traced to the surface, while for the others the question of their origin remains open. Phase shifts at different depths generate vertical shears in the horizontal velocity component with relatively short vertical scales. This is especially visible in long-duration events (>100 days) of the zonal velocity component. Comparison with a simultaneous lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) section suggests that some of these flows may be identified with equatorial deep jets. A striking feature is a strong vertical shear lasting about 7 months between 745 and 1000 m. These deep current-meter observations would then imply a few months of duration for the jets in this region.
Solar bursts gyrosynchrotron emission from three-dimensional sources

Aims. In this study we have analyzed the spectral and spatial characteristics of gyrosynchrotron emission and the polarization of solar bursts in a highly inhomogeneous medium. Our main goal was to investigate the effects of the geometry of the source on the resulting spectrum. Methods. The SOHO/EIT and TRACE high resolution images revealed structured magnetic configurations in detail over solar active regions. In our method, we represent the magnetic field geometry by three-dimensional structures obtained from magnetic field extrapolation, tomography, or any geometry that resembles the observed structures. The gyrosynchrotron radiation was numerically calculated through a modified version of Ramaty’s code. Results. We calculated the radiation produced by non-thermal electron distributions in this complex environment and solved the radiative transfer equation. The results, presented in brightness distribution maps, polarization maps, and spectra, are discussed. Our numerical results agree with statistical analyses of observed spectra present in the literature. We note a spectral broadening due to the spatial and intensity inhomogeneity of the magnetic field and no center-to-limb variations, which cannot be explained by homogeneous source models. The computed maps revealed a non uniform brightness distribution, with small-scale structures, and different spatial characteristics in each frequency. Also, we found different spectral characteristics at different regions of the emitting source. Polarization maps reveal its high dependence on geometry and on the position of the source on the solar disk.
A simplified algorithm for calculating benthic nutrient fluxes in river systems

Benthic organic matter microbial oxidation is the basic process by which oxidants such as oxygen, nitrate and sulphate are consumed in sediments, while ammonium and phosphate are released. Although these processes play a crucial role in river biogeochemistry, their modelling remains a difficult challenge. Thouvenot et al. [J. Hydrol. , 341, 55–78, 2007; 379, 239–250, 2009] have proposed a model of the processes involved in organic matter degradation in a vertical gradient of oxic to anoxic conditions, considering one upper fluid, erodable sediment layer, with transient behaviour, overlaying a compacted sediment layer assumed to be at steady state. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of the response of Thouvenot's model to the various constraints affecting benthic processes, according to a conceptual interpretative framework relating the nutrient fluxes across the sediment–water interface to the depth-integrated value of certain sediment properties, such as their oxidant demand and their total ammonification rate. Based on this analysis, we propose a new alternative algorithm simplifying the calculation of the benthic fluxes. This algorithm is designed to be suitable for inclusion in any model of in-stream biogeochemical processes.
Simloid Evolution of Biped Walking Using Physical Simulation

Locomotion can be defined as the capability for a living being or an inanimate object to move from one place to another. It is an essential task for any component of the animal world. In nature there are many di fferent examples of locomotion means, such as legs, wings, fins. In human beings the evolution lead to the adoption of biped locomotion, which is the prerogative of few species. Anthropomorphic fascination and the advantages of biped locomotion in environments with discontinuous support are among the reasons why walking and running biped robots have become a popular area of research. Biped robots could walk in almost any type of terrain included those that are impossible for robots with wheels. Biped robots compared with other type of robots are better skilled for certain works and have a better degree of mobility especially in environment with obstacles. But controlling a biped robot with a high degree of freedom to achieve stable movement patterns is still an open and complex problem. Thus, developing of biped robots controlling algorithms have become an important field of research. With growing computational power of computer hardware, high resolution realtime simulation of such robot models becomes more and more applicable. This thesis presents a physical simulation of a 19 degree of freedom real biped robot model and the application of evolutionary algorithms to generate and optimize walking pattern generation.
Inter-relationships between the spawning migration of Eagle Lake rainbow trout, streamflow, snowpack, and air temperature

Pine Creek has historically provided critical spawning and rearing habitat for Eagle Lake rainbow trout (ELRT, Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum). Over the past 100+ years modifications of Pine Creek watershed (e.g., overgrazing, timber harvest, passage barriers, culverts) decoupled the ELRT from its stream habitat. Introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) now dominate historic rearing areas in the upper watershed. Passage barriers were constructed on Eagle Lake tributaries to prevent ELRT from spawning in degraded habitat, denying the ELRT access beyond the first kilometer of stream. Since 1950 the lake fishery has been maintained by artificial spawning. Offspring are reared in hatcheries and released into Eagle Lake. Since 1987 changes in grazing management, reconstruction of culverts, and other conservation projects have resulted in marked improvement of habitat, although ELRT have been not allowed to attempt their natural spawning migration. Their ability to migrate has been questioned, and concerns led to a petition for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act. We report on a long term study to track the spring migration of ELRT spawners in Pine Creek. We tracked the upstream migration of ELRT spawners from the mouth of Pine Creek. We then related ELRT spawner migration to stream flow and snowpack, and related flows to snowpack and air temperature. It is possible to predict ELRT migration distance from flow, duration of flow, or from snowpack. The relationships between migration distance and flow, and migration distance and snowpack in the upper watershed were weak. However, sample sizes were small, due to the limited number of years in which fish have been tracked, and the cessation of operation of the flow gages. The positive relationships between migration distance and seasonal average daily mean streamflow, and between streamflow and snowpack are particularly interesting in light of climate predictions for California. By the end of this century snowpack is likely to be reduced 65-97% in the elevation range of Pine Creek. The creek is likely to flow more during the winter, due to winter rain events, and to have lower summer baseflows. It is possible that ELRT spawners might shift to a strategy of earlier migration, moving upstream to areas of perennial summer flow during winter rain events. However, the fish currently lack the opportunity to experience and adapt to flow changes that are likely to occur with climate change.
Radio Afterglows and Host Galaxies of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Considering the contribution of emission from the host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to radio afterglows, we investigate the effect of host galaxies on observations statistically. For the three types of event, i.e. low-luminosity, standard and high-luminosity GRBs, it is found that a tight correlation exists between the ratio of the radio flux (RRF) of the host galaxy to the total radio peak emission and the observational frequency. Towards lower frequencies, in particular, the contribution from the host increases significantly. The correlation can be used to obtain a useful estimate for the radio brightness of those host galaxies that only have very limited radio afterglow data. Using this prediction, we reconsidered the theoretical radio afterglow light curves for four kinds of event: high-luminosity, low-luminosity, standard and failed GRBs, taking into account the contribution from host galaxies and aiming to explore the detectability of these events by the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Lying at a typical redshift of z = 1, most of the events can be detected easily by FAST. For the less fierce low-luminosity GRBs, their radio afterglows are not strong enough to exceed the sensitivity limit of FAST at such distances. However, since a large number of low-luminosity bursts actually happen very near to us, it is expected that FAST will still be able to detect many of them.
Study of capillary absorption kinetics by X-ray CT imaging techniques: a survey on sedimentary rocks of Sicily

Sedimentary rocks are natural porous materials with a great percent of microscopic interconnected pores: they contain fluids, permitting their movement on macroscopic scale. Generally, these rocks present porosity higher then metamorphic rocks. Under certain points of view, this feature represents an advantage; on the other hand, this can constitute an obstacle for cultural heritage applications, because the porosity grade can lead to a deterioration of the lapideous monument for water capillary absorption. In this paper, CT (Computerized Tomography) image techniques are applied to capillary absorption kinetics in sedimentary rocks utilized for the Greek temples as well as baroc monuments, respectively located in western and southeastern Sicily. Rocks were sampled near the archaeological areas of Agrigento, Segesta, Selinunte and Val di Noto. CT images were acquired at different times, before and after the water contact, using image elaboration techniques during the acquisition as well as the post-processing phases. Water distribution into porous spaces has been evaluated on the basis of the Hounsfield number, estimated for the 3-D voxel structure of samples. For most of the considered samples, assumptions based on Handy model permit to correlate the average height of the wetting front to the square root of time. Stochastic equations were introduced in order to describe the percolative water behavior in heterogeneous samples, as the Agrigento one. Before the CT acquisition, an estimate of the capillary absorption kinetics has been carried out by the gravimetric method. A petrographical characterization of samples has been performed by stereomicroscope observations, while porosity and morphology of porous have been surveyed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images. Furthermore, the proposed methods have also permitted to define penetration depth as well as distribution uniformity of materials used for restoration and conservation of historical monuments.
Learning through monitoring, evaluation and adaptations of the “Outcome Harvesting” tool

This paper analyses a monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) system developed within an agricultural research for development institution. The system applies aspects of the Outcome Harvesting tool and focuses on learning for adaptation and improvement of innovation processes. Developmental evaluation principles are applied to discuss its application. The MEL system provides insight into the processes and interactions with next users that generate outcomes. MEL systems that use customized Outcome Harvesting aspects appear promising for adaptive management and to improve how research interacts with next users to achieve developmental outcomes.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF DEVELOPING A MOBILE APP FOR DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SERVICES FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS ( DISCS ) *

Due to involvement of different engineering disciplines, tools and methodologies in design, construction and operation of an experimental physics facility (EPF), an integrated information system is needed to efficiently manage data. DISCS is a framework developed to address this need which includes multiple modules and services that provide web-based management tools and APIs to access EPF related information stored in various databases like Controls Configuration Database (CCDB) and Cables Database (CDB). In this paper we propose a conceptual design of a mobile application that can easily be used by technicians working at EPFs to access their required data. The proposed application would use QR code and Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance user experience. It can also be used as a means to create a collaborative environment by providing social networking features helping technicians to share their knowledge from different facilities worldwide.
Multilayered Pipe Cutting Test for Remote Handling Maintenance

Based on the requirements for remote handling maintenance (RHM) of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) multilayered pipes, pipes cutting tests were performed under remote handling maintenance conditions. In this study, the results were obtained from different cutting directions and supporting intensities of pipe baseplates comparisons: When enough power was provided and the blade gripper did not slip, the cutting direction had little impact on the cutting capacity but more on the fault surface; the clearance between the blades caused the rotating torque; for remote handling maintenance, good horizontal support of the long-handled lever of the hydraulic cutter was required. Significant conclusions were made for multilayered pipe cutting that are crucial for auxiliary tools development for remote handling maintenance.
Real-Time Learning and Bond Return Predictability

The paper examines statistical and economic evidence of out-of-sample bond return predictability for a real-time Bayesian investor who learns about parameters, hidden states, and predictive models over time. We find some statistical evidence using information contained in forward rates. However, such statistical predictability can not generate any economic value for investors. Furthermore, statistical and economic evidence from fully revised macroeconomic data completely vanishes when real-time macroeconomic information is used. We also show that highly levered investments in bonds can improve short-run bond return predictability.
Chapter 5 The CGE Tool Box

Human and animal health worldwide is increasingly threatened by new and reemerging epidemics and foodborne pathogens, placing a burden on health and veterinary systems, reducing consumer confidence in food, and negatively affecting trade, food chain sustainability and food security. Rapid identification of emerging and foodborne pathogens and subsequent provision of timely insights into the modes of transmission, prevention, and control, pathogenesis, and clinical impact of such diseases is essential to reduce the impact, time, and costs of disease outbreaks.
Dark Septate Endophyte Improves Drought Tolerance in Sorghum

Dark septate endophytes (DSE) protect host plants against a variety of environmental stresses, however our knowledge about the roles of DSE in improving drought tolerance of crops is poor. In this study, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was inoculated with a DSE strain (Exophiala pisciphila GM25) under two different soil water conditions (well-watered (WW), 0.11 MPa; drought-stressed (DS), -0.69 MPa) for one month. At the end of this experiment, sorghum roots were obviously colonized by DSE with 50.5%–62.5% colonization rate. When compared with non-inoculated seedlings under both WW and DS conditions, E. pisciphila-inoculated sorghum had greater plant height, collar diameter, shoot dry weight, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and actual quantum yield (PSII), and lower intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). In addition, in comparison to noninoculation under DS conditions, E. pisciphila inoculation also improved the root dry weight, non-photochemical quenching values (NPQ), photochemical quenching values (qP), increased the content of related secondary metabolites including anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid and enhanced the enzymatic activities related to secondary metabolism, such as cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) in sorghum seedlings. Our results demonstrated that the drought resistance of sorghum seedlings were positively improved by E. pisciphila inoculation with better plant growth, gas exchange, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, secondary metabolites and enzyme activities related to secondary metabolism. Inoculation with E. pisciphila is an efficient strategy to survive for sorghum in drought environment. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers
Exploring the Determinants of a Supply Chain Alliance from the Purchasing Firm's Perspective

This study explored the factors that were comprising the participation intention from the perspective of purchasing firms, particularly whether supplier-related uncertainty leads to a lower willingness to join strategic alliances. Therefore, based on the literature review, this study classified perceived uncertainty into two types, there were perceived relationship uncertainty and perceived environmental uncertainty. In addition, this study also integrated agency theory as well as conceptualizations of trust and supply risk to investigate the determinants of the participation intention of purchasing firms. The results and findings suggested that fears of were positive influence on perceived relationship uncertainty. In contrast, perceived relationship uncertainty was reduced when the purchasing firm trusted their supplier. In addition, the price concerns, supply concerns, and delivery concerns were positive influences on perceived environmental uncertainty. Moreover, perceived relationship uncertainty was negative influence on participation intention significantly. The perceived environmental uncertainty was negative influence on participation intention through its impact with the perceived relationship uncertainty.
Blockchain : Next Generation Supply Chain Security for Energy Infrastructure and NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection ( CIP ) Compliance

The U.S. power grid is a complex system of systems that requires a secure, reliable and trustworthy global supply chain. This is especially true for the grid’s increasing number of networked energy delivery system (EDS) and industrial control systems (ICS) and associated vendors, distributers, integrators and end users. Grid modernization has increased the use of “smart” energy devices that network, digitize, automate and increasingly converge the cyber-physical energy supply chain. In this Energy Internet of Things (EIoT) environment there is an increasing number of both critical cyber assets as well as data speed and size requirements, creating new cyber supply chain security and NERC CIP compliance challenges for utilities, regulators and vendors. On July 21, 2016, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order No. 829 directing the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to address cyber security supply chain risk management for ICS hardware, software, and computing and networking services associated with Bulk Electric System (BES) operations. In realization of these goals, improvements are needed in in the process and technology to better identify, monitor, audit, realize compliance goals and secure EIoT environments. This paper explores how blockchain technology presents a disruptive solution to facilitate NERC CIP compliance and increase the security of the BES supply chain through a cryptographically signed distributed ledger that provides increased data provenance, attribution and auditability.