Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and identification of etiological agents (Liberibacter spp.) associated with citrus greening disease in Uganda

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly referred to as citrus greening, is one of the major disease challenges of citrus. In Uganda, there was limited information on Liberibacter spp. , the causal organisms of HLB disease, and its psyllid vectors despite the presence of HLB symptoms on citrus. The objective of this study was to identify the Liberibacter spp. and psylla vector species responsible for HLB in Uganda. Other native plant species that could be hosts to pathogens and the psyllid vectors, but are not in the citrus genus, were also investigated. A survey was conducted in 15 citrus growing districts, and symptomatic citrus leaf samples collected, as well as citrus psyllid nymphs and adults for isothermal detection of pathogens in the laboratory. Two types of bacterial pathogens responsible for HLB were detected, namely Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (CLaf), known as the African type; and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), known as the Asian type. CLaf was found in Mukono and Wakiso districts in Central Uganda and in Mbarara in Western Uganda; while CLas was found in Budaka and Tororo districts in Eastern Uganda. Citrus psyllids, which are the major known disease vectors were present in seven out of the fifteen districts. Psyllid vector identification by morphological means indicated Trioza erytreae , the African psyllid to be the insect vector. Psyllids were common on tangerines (66.7%), Sour Orange (13.3%) and Rough Lemon (13.3%); and least on Washington Navel (6.7%). Three non-citrus plants, Stephania abyssinica (Dill. & A. Rich) walp var. tomentella (Oliv.) Deils (Menispermaceae), Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae) and Ficus spp (Moraceae) were found to be alternative host plants for the psyllid. Key words : Candidatus, Diospyros mespiliformis , Psyllids, Trioza erytreae
Examining integrated leadership systems in high schools: connecting principal and teacher leadership to organizational processes and student outcomes

ABSTRACT Research on school leadership suggests that both principal and teacher leadership are important for school improvement. However, few studies have studied the interaction of principal and teacher leadership as separate but linked systems in how they relate to student outcomes. In this study, we examine how leadership pathways are related in the context of high schools and compare findings to research in elementary schools. Using survey and administrative data from high schools in a large urban context, the paper explores direct and indirect pathways from leadership to student achievement growth. The results indicate that there are 2 pathways through which principal leadership is related to student learning in high schools. One pathway is mediated by teacher leadership, whereas the second pathway does not include teacher leadership. We find that similar to elementary schools, the learning climate is the only organizational factor that links principal and teacher leadership with student achievement.
Fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures using precontoured locking compression plate in adults

Background: Fractures of the clavicle are one of the injuries which are often inadequately treated. Nonunion, malunion and shortening arising out of nonoperatively treated clavicular fractures cause significant disability due to pain, impaired function of the shoulder joint and limitations of activities. To evaluate the functional outcome following precontoured locking compression plate fixation in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults using Constant and Murley scoring and to assess interrelationship among different covariates. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted at Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu. Forty patients with displaced midshaft clavicular fractures operated using precontoured locking compression plates were recruited for the study. They are followed up for a period of six months and the outcome was noted. The primary outcome was assessed by Constant-Murley Scoring system and the results were analysed with statistical tools. Results: In our study the mean Constant and Murley scoring was 89.60 at the end of six months. Average time taken for radiological union was 13.45 weeks. We found a statistically significant difference (p value <0.001) in Constant and Murley scores between the first month, third month and sixth months indicating improvement in functional status of the patient over a period of six months after surgery. There were no cases of implant removal due to hardware prominence despite having had this complication in four of our cases (20%). Conclusion: Based on our study, we recommend the use of precontoured locking compression plates for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. These plates also avoid the need for intra operative contouring and potentially eliminate the necessity of a second surgery for implant removal. Sterile precautions, early surgery, perfect anatomical reduction and early postoperative rehabilitation are needed to achieve favourable results.
Master Thesis in Financial Economics Pricing Credit Derivatives Using Hull-White Two-Factor Model

In this thesis the credit spread model developed by Schönbucher (1998) is implemented. It is a discrete time intensity model based on the two-factor Hull-White model for default-free interest rates. Advantages of the model include possibility to calibrate to any term structures, allowing for any degree of correlation between the risk-free rate and the default intensity as well different recovery models. Furthermore, the Credit Default Swap and the Default Digital Swap is priced in this framework and the robustness of the model is examined by finding a stability region for the generated prices.
Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis

,The effects of the kinetics of reactions of the type solid + solid + gas on the corresponding differential thermal analysis pattern are explored. Curves of reaction rate vs. temper- ature for constant heating rates constructed by analytical methods are used to demonstrate the effect of varying order of reaction. The in- formation so obtained is used to ana-lyze the differential thermal patterns of magnesite, calcite, brucite, kaolinite, and halloysite. The results of the differential thermal study agree with results obtained isothermally except in some specific cases.
Topology Optimization for Minimizing the Resonant Response of Plates with Constrained Layer Damping Treatment

A topology optimization method is proposed to minimize the resonant response of plates with constrained layer damping (CLD) treatment under specified broadband harmonic excitations. The topology optimization problem is formulated and the square of displacement resonant response in frequency domain at the specified point is considered as the objective function. Two sensitivity analysis methods are investigated and discussed. The derivative of modal damp ratio is not considered in the conventional sensitivity analysis method. An improved sensitivity analysis method considering the derivative of modal damp ratio is developed to improve the computational accuracy of the sensitivity. The evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) method is used to search the optimal layout of CLD material on plates. Numerical examples and experimental results show that the optimal layout of CLD treatment on the plate from the proposed topology optimization using the conventional sensitivity analysis or the improved sensitivity analysis can reduce the displacement resonant response. However, the optimization method using the improved sensitivity analysis can produce a higher modal damping ratio than that using the conventional sensitivity analysis and develop a smaller displacement resonant response.
Application of Deep Learning Approaches in SAR ATR

In the field of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image interpretation, the Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) has always been the focus and hotspot in this field, which is also the research difficulty in this field. The SAR ATR is generally composed of three steps: extraction of Region of Interest (RoI), target identification, and target classification. The complex flow not only limits the efficiency of SAR ATR, but also makes the overall optimization of the model difficult to be carried out, which restricts the accuracy. This paper discusses Faster R-CNN and SSD adopted from the computer vision and shows how those approaches enable significantly improved performance for SAR ATR. The validity of the deep learning method in the field of automatic target recognition for SAR images and the nature of the university are verified, which lays the foundation for further research.
HD 85567: A Herbig B[e] star or an interacting B[e] binary? - Resolving HD 85567’s circumstellar environment with the VLTI and AMBER

Context. HD 85567 is an enigmatic object exhibiting the B[e] phenomenon, i.e. an infrared excess and forbidden emission lines in the optical. The object’s evolutionary status is uncertain and there are conflicting claims that it is either a young stel lar object or an evolved, interacting binary. Aims. To elucidate the reason for the B[e] behaviour of HD 85567, we have observed it with the VLTI and AMBER. Methods. Our observations were conducted in the K−band with moderate spectral resolution (R∼1500, i.e. 200 km s −1 ). The spectrum of HD 85567 exhibits Brγ and CO overtone bandhead emission. The interferometric data obtained consist of spectrally dispersed visibilities, closure phases and differential phases across these spectral features and the K−band continuum. Results. The closure phase observations do not reveal evidence of asymmetry. The apparent size of HD 85567 in the K−band was determined by fitting the visibilities with a ring model. The best fitting radius, 0.8± 0.3 AU , is relatively small making HD 85567 undersized in comparison to the size-luminosity relationship based on YSOs of low and intermediate luminosity. This has previously been found to be the case for luminous YSOs, and it has been proposed that this is due to the presence of an optically thick ga seous disc. We demonstrate that the differential phase observations over the CO bandhead emission are indeed consistent with the presence of a compact (∼1 AU) gaseous disc interior to the dust sublimation radius. Conclusions. The observations reveal no sign of binarity. However, the data do indicate the presence of a gaseous disc interior to the dust sublimation radius. We conclude that the data are consistent with the hypothesis that HD 85567 is a YSO with an optically thick gaseous disc within a larger dust disc that is being photo-evaporated from the outer edge.
Finding the Right Distribution for Highly Skewed Zero-inflated Clinical Data

Discrete, highly skewed distributions with excess numbers of zeros often result in biased estimates and misleading inferences if the zeros are not properly addressed. A clinical example of children with electrophysiologic disorders in which many of the children are treated without surgery is provided. The purpose of the current study was to identify the optimal modeling strategy for highly skewed, zeroinflated data often observed in the clinical setting by: (a) simulating skewed, zero-inflated count data; (b) fitting simulated data with Poisson, Negative Binomial, Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) and Zero-inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) models; and, (c) applying the aforementioned models to actual, highlyskewed, clinical data of children with an EP disorder. The ZIP model was observed to be the optimal model based on traditional fit statistics as well as estimates of bias, mean-squared error, and coverage.
Patients with non-oncological chronic conditions: Improving end-of-life
 care through integrated care and early palliative care provision

Background: The last WHO definition of palliative care (PC) recognizes the integration of early PC in the course of illness and in conjunction with other therapies that are intended to treat disease as the way to provide optimal care. There is wide literature highlighting the benefits of early implementation of PC in oncological patients and there is a growing recognition of PC as an integral aspect of cancer treatment with the establishment of a range of specific guidelines concerning palliative cancer care. Nevertheless, these advances are not developed to the same extent in the approach of non-oncological chronic conditions. In this regard, patients of non-cancer diseases are rarely offered these services and even when they are admitted to a PC unit they are typically closer to death and have a lower functional level than those with cancer. It is important to highlight this situation as the great majority of adults in need of PC die from non-oncological diseases – such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases or diabetes – accounting a higher percentage than those with cancer.
1 8 A ug 1 99 7 Quantum Algorithms Revisited

By R. Cleve1, A. Ekert2, C. Macchiavello2,3 and M. Mosca2,4 2 Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K. 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. 3 I.S. I. Foundation, Villa Gualino, Viale Settimio Severo 65, 1033 Torino, Italy. 4 Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, 24-29 St. Giles’, Oxford OX1 3LB, U.K.
Antifibrotic Mechanism of Cinobufagin in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually fatal lung disease that is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, which result in irreversible distortion of the lung’s architecture and the formation of focal fibrous hyperplasia. The molecular mechanism by which pulmonary fibrosis develops is not fully understood, and no satisfactory treatment currently exists. However, many studies consider that aberrant activation of TGF-β1 frequently promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis. Cinobufagin (CBG), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for long-term pain relief, cardiac stimulation, and anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic treatments. However, its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not yet been established. We investigated the hypothesis that cinobufagin plays an inhibitory role on TGF-β1 signaling using a luciferase-reporter assay. We further explored the effect of cinobufagin on pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments showed that cinobufagin suppresses TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling in a dose-dependent manner, attenuates the activation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts and inhibits EMT induced by TGF-β1 in alveolar epithelial cells. The in vivo experiments indicated that cinobufagin significantly alleviates bleomycin-induced collagen deposition and improves pulmonary function. Further study showed that cinobufagin could attenuate bleomycin-induced inflammation and inhibit fibroblast activation and the EMT process in vivo. In summary, cinobufagin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via suppressing inflammation, fibroblast activation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
MEASURING MACROECONOMIC CAUSES OF STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY IN HIGH AND LOW VOLATILITY REGIMES OF AN EMERGING ECONOMY

Abstract An understanding of stock market volatility and its macroeconomic causes is important in assessing investment and leverage decisions of emerging economies especially where the market consists of risk–averse investors. Thus this study examines the volatility of different sectors in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) and how the macroeconomic factors (Narrow Money Supply, Broad Money Supply, Inflation, Interest Rate, Crude Oil Prices and Exchange Rate) influence the market volatility in high and low volatility regimes. Monthly stock returns of 20 sectors from 2007 to 2010 are used for the investigation. The Iterated Cumulative Sums of Squares (ICSS) algorithm is applied in splitting the original series into high volatile and low volatile periods. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH), Exponential GARCH (EGARCH), Threshold GARCH (TGARCH) and GARCH Regression are the econometric models employed for the empirical analysis. Results found that 16 out of 20 sectors in CSE significantly (p 0.05) in the high volatility regime.
The choice to define competing risk events as censoring events and implications for causal inference

In failure-time settings, a competing risk event is any event that makes it impossible for the event of interest to occur. Different analytical methods are available for estimating the effect of a treatment on a failure event of interest that is subject to competing events. The choice of method depends on whether or not competing events are defined as censoring events. Though such definition has key implications for the causal interpretation of a given estimate, explicit consideration of those implications has been rare in the statistical literature. As a result, confusion exists as to how to choose amongst available methods for analyzing data with competing events and how to interpret effect estimates. This confusion can be alleviated by understanding that the choice to define a competing event as a censoring event or not corresponds to a choice between different causal estimands. In this paper, we describe the assumptions required to identify those causal estimands and provide a mapping between such estimands and standard terminology from the statistical literature---in particular, the terms "subdistribution function", "subdistribution hazard" and "cause-specific hazard". We show that when the censoring process depends on measured time-varying risk factors, conventional statistical methods for competing events are not valid and alternative methods derived from Robins's g-formula may recover the causal estimand of interest.
Arithmetic properties of positive integers with fixed digit sum

In this paper, we look at various arithmetic properties of the set of those positive integers n whose sum of digits in a fixed base b > 1 is a fixed positive integer s. For example, we prove that such integers can have many prime factors, that they are not very smooth, and that most such integers have a large prime factor dividing the value of their Euler f function.
Deer on the railway line: spatiotemporal trends in mortality patterns of roe deer

Traffic-related mortality of free-ranging animals is among the most commonly observed human-wildlife conflicts. These conflicts pose serious threats to human safety as well as having great economic consequences. Although considerable attention has been paid to the role of roads in affecting free-ranging animals, the effects of railways have been less studied. Our study provides initial insights into the spatial and temporal variability of the roe deer-train collisions at 4 selected railway sections in the Czech Republic. Using data on 69 roe deer-train collisions collected during 2009, we tested the effects of railway section length, train frequency, relative abundance of roe deer, and time of year (by month) on collision probability. The number of roe deer-train collisions was influenced by train frequency (i.e. the higher the number of trains passing through individual study sections, the higher the number of collisions) and the time of the year (i.e. the highest number of collisions occurred in winter, particularly in February). Future research efforts should focus on describing roe deer behavior and movement patterns along the railways as well as the mortality factors related to the accidents. Such findings will help to identify hotspots of future accidents and to design suitable mitigation measures.
The Copenhagen Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma database: protocol and report on establishing a comprehensive oral cavity cancer database

Objective The aim was to establish a large comprehensive database of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to enable surveillance and research of the disease. Methods All patients diagnosed and/or treated for OSCC at Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark in the period 2000–2014 were included. Rigshospitalet is a tertiary treatment center and covers the Eastern Denmark region, comprising nearly half of the approximately 5.8 million inhabitants of Denmark. Data on numerous variables regarding general information of the patients at diagnosis, their primary cancer, recurrence, treatment, prior cancers, and secondary cancers were collected from the Danish Pathology Register and by evaluation of medical charts. Results One thousand three hundred and ninety-nine OSCC patients were included in the database (62% males). The median age at diagnosis was 63 years (range: 23–99 years). The most common anatomical location was the floor of mouth (38%). Among patients with known stage, 70.0% were diagnosed in T-stage 1 or 2 and 64.9% were diagnosed in N-stage 0. Most patients were treated with primary surgery (81.7% among patients with known treatment), of these 44% received adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery. The overall age-standardized incidence of OSCC per 100,000 increased from 2.15 in 2000 to 3.04 in 2014, with a significant annual percent change of 3.2%. Conclusion We have established a consecutive, population-based database of 1,399 OSCC patients. This creates a basis for multiple studies that will elaborate our understanding of OSCC, and hopefully improve diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OSCC patients.
Discriminate and indiscriminate use of amoxicillin and its effects on hematological parameters of broiler

Hematological indication is an important finding for pathophysiology analysis of biological science. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the effects of residual antibiotics on hematological parameters of broiler following discriminate and indiscriminate use. Broiler chicks were reared accordingly upto 30 days and on day 14 the chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) namely control (group A), discriminate (group B) and indiscriminate (group C). At the age of day 16, amoxicillin treatment was started and continued for seven (7) days for in discriminate group (Group B) and fifteen (15) days for indiscriminate group. In case of discriminate group withdrawal period was properly maintained as nomenclature (Seven days) whereas, there was no withdrawal period in case of indiscriminate group. The hemoglobin (gm%) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate group was 7.07±0.099, 6.97±0.095, and 6.90±0.124; Total erythrocyte count (TEC) 2.55±0.044 million/mm3, 2.53±0.038 million/mm3, and 2.50±0.026 million/mm3; Packed Cell Volume PCV (%) 19.83±1.302, 19.33±1.054, and 18.50±0.764 respectively. There was no significant difference on blood parameter found among the groups. Therefore, discriminate and indiscriminate use of amoxicillin has no bad effect on hematological parameters of broiler. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 153-157