Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak-lensing calibration of a stellar mass-based mass proxy for redMaPPer and Voronoi Tessellation clusters in SDSS Stripe 82

We present the first weak lensing calibration of $\mu_{\star}$, a new galaxy cluster mass proxy corresponding to the total stellar mass of red and blue members, in two cluster samples selected from the SDSS Stripe 82 data: 230 redMaPPer clusters at redshift $0.1\leq z<0.33$ and 136 Voronoi Tessellation (VT) clusters at $0.1 \leq z < 0.6$. We use the CS82 shear catalog and stack the clusters in $\mu_{\star}$ bins to measure a mass-observable power law relation. For redMaPPer clusters we obtain $M_0 = (1.77 \pm 0.36) \times 10^{14}h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, $\alpha = 1.74 \pm 0.62$. For VT clusters, we find $M_0 = (4.31 \pm 0.89) \times 10^{14}h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, $\alpha = 0.59 \pm 0.54$ and $M_0 = (3.67 \pm 0.56) \times 10^{14}h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, $\alpha = 0.68 \pm 0.49$ for a low and a high redshift bin, respectively. Our results are consistent, internally and with the literature, indicating that our method can be applied to any cluster finding algorithm. In particular, we recommend that $\mu_{\star}$ be used as the mass proxy for VT clusters. Catalogs including $\mu_{\star}$ measurements will enable its use in studies of galaxy evolution in clusters and cluster cosmology.
Relationship Between Online and Offline Social Capital: Evidence from a Social Network Site in China

This study explores the impact of Social Network Sites (SNSs) usage on the formation of online bridging and bonding social capital, and the relationship between online and offline social capital. It is hypothesized that use of SNSs forms online social capital and online and offline social capital are positively correlated. A Chinese SNS, Renren, is studied specifically. Social capital scales and personality measures were adapted from existing literature to develop a questionnaire and a survey of 183 students was conducted in a university in China. Regression analyses suggest a strong positive relation between use of SNSs and online bridging social capital. Online social capital is demonstrated to be positively correlated with offline social capital. User extraversion is shown to predict certain use behaviors but its interaction effect with SNSs usage is not significant. Discussions about the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are provided.
Stretchable Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Wavy-Dimensional Elastomer Substrates Using Stiff-Island Structures

Stretchable organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated on the polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrates by employing the wavy-dimensional and polyimide stiff-island structures. A low-temperature solution process was also designed to obtain high strain profiles. The endurable maximum strains were estimated to be 2.28, 9.70, and 9.32% for the OTFTs formed on the flat, 1D-, and 2D-wavy PDMS elastomers, respectively. The field-effect mobilities were obtained to be 5 ~ 7 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 for all devices and they did not exhibit any degradation under the stretchable conditions before the fracture. The results suggest that the proposed methodologies were quite suitable for high-performance stretchable OTFTs.
NAIST Participation in the TAC KBP 2016 Cold Start Slot Filling Task: Combining CNN-based and Bootstrapping-based Methods

Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) participated in the English Slot Filling Task in TAC-KBP 2016. Our system consists of two stages: (1) Candidate Generation stage, and (2) Candidate Validation stage. In the candidate generation stage, we retrieve documents relevant to a given query and select candidates based on the RelationFactory system. We also add more constraints to deal with some new slots this year. In the candidate validation stage, we combine results from two separate classifiers, namely CNN-based classifier and bootstrapping-based classifier.
From implicit to touching interaction: RFID and NFC approaches

Intelligent environments need interactions capable of detecting users and providing them with good-quality contextual information. In this sense we adapt technologies identifying and locating people adjusting their requirements. However it is necessary to analyze some important features in order to compare the implicit interaction, closer to the users and more natural, in front of a new interaction form that we called ldquotouching interactionrdquo or interaction by touch. In this paper we present the adaptability of two technologies the radiofrequency identification (RFID) and the near field communication (NFC). In the first one, the interaction is more appropriate into intelligent environments but, in the second one, the same technology RFID placed into mobile phones, produces context-awareness capabilities by a single user interaction, so the benefits to adapting NFC technology are important. In addition, we propose changes of the architecture, the model, the visualization of information and the interaction.
Chapter 6 Code Design and Quality Control

ESM codes have mostly been written directly by scientists, as experts in the various geoscientific domains relevant for these model. This contrasts with commercial forms of software development, where there is usually a clear division of labour between systems analysts, who determine what the system should do, and programmers, who are responsible for writing the code. Having scientists write their own code avoids many of the communication errors and misunderstandings common in commercial software practices, and fits well with exploratory and incremental nature of model development (Easterbrook and Johns 2009). Decisions about what to add to the model are tightly bound with exploration of scientific research questions, as it is hard to know what will be needed ahead of time. Furthermore, model development requires deep knowledge of the physical processes and the impact of different implementation choices, so that it is usually easier to write the code directly, than to explain to a programmer what is needed. While this approach has been remarkably successful in building the first generations of general circulation models, it does not scale well. Understandably, scientists tend to focus on producing working code, and testing it for scientific validity, while postponing consideration of code quality issues, such as structure and readability of the code, portability, flexibility, modifiability and reusability. As ESM have become more complex, with more component models, more complex interactions between components, and more diverse user communities, these code quality issues become vital. The current generation of ESM are significantly larger and more complex than their predecessors. For example the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the UK Met Office’s Unified
Medical image matching-a review with classification

A classification scheme for multimodal image matching is considered. The scope of the classification is restricted to methods that register data after acquisitions. The classification scheme may be used for any modality; not only for (2-D) projection images and (3-D) tomographic images, but also for other signal modalities that provide spatial insight into function or anatomy, e.g., EEG (electroencephalography) or MEG (magnetoencephalography) and for the real physical patient. The available literature on image matching is discussed and classified. <<ETX>>
Automatic colorization of videos

Realistic colorization of videos has been of great interest to the artistic community, primarily for restoring historical color films and colorizing legacy videos. In this project, we experimented with several methods in order to automatically colorize videos on a frame-by-frame basis. We focused on rectifying two primary issues encountered with video colorizations : lack of color consistency between subsequent frames and desaturated colorization of individual frames. We used an LSTM to encode the sequential information of videos and thus maintain color consistency between successive frames. We used a class-rebalancing loss to reweight color predictions on the basis of their rarity. We evaluated out results using average per-pixel RMSE over all frames in a single video and also set up a colorization “Turing Test” to determine which models gave the most realistic colorization.
Mathematical modelling suggests differential impact of {beta}-TrCP paralogues on Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling dynamics

The Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling pathway is involved in the regulation of a multitude of cellular processes by controlling the concentration of the transcriptional regulator {beta}-catenin. Proteasomal degradation of {beta}-catenin is mediated by the two {beta}-transducin repeat-containing protein ({beta}-TrCP) paralogues HOS and FWD1, which are functionally interchangeable and thereby considered to function redundantly in the pathway. HOS and FWD1 are both regulated by Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling, albeit in opposite directions, thus establishing interlocked negative and positive feedback loops. The functional relevance of the opposite regulation of HOS and FWD1 by Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling in conjunction with their redundant activities in proteasomal degradation of {beta}-catenin is an unresolved issue. Using a detailed ordinary differential equation (ODE) model, we investigated the specific influence of each individual feedback mechanism and their combination on Wnt/{beta}-catenin signal transduction under wild type and cancerous conditions. We found that under wild type conditions the signalling dynamics are predominantly affected by the HOS feedback due to a higher concentration of HOS than FWD1. Transcriptional up-regulation of FWD1 by other signalling pathways reduced the impact of the HOS feedback. The opposite regulation of HOS and FWD1 expression by Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling allows employing the FWD1 feedback as a compensation mechanism against aberrant pathway activation due to reduced HOS concentration. In contrast, the FWD1 feedback provides no protection against aberrant activation in APC mutant cancer cells.
Real-time vision system for nighttime vehicle detection

In recent years, the number of cars in the world has been increasing, resulting in a rise in the importance of video-based traffic flow monitoring and counting technology. However, compared with the computerized vision-based traffic flow monitoring and counting technologies used during daytime, those used during nighttime are less developed. In view of this, we have proposed a multi-feature technology, which can be used to monitor the headlights of cars during nighttime. First, the light source distribution in each captured image is analyzed and the length-width ratios of the headlights are distinguished. If two headlights both match the standards, a comparison between cars is carried out in order to avoid counting the same car more than once. The space between and colors of the two headlights are then used to judge whether these two lights belong to the same car using a similarity analysis algorithm. Experimental evaluations have shown that the proposed technology in this study can be stably used in both the monitoring of traffic flow and the real-time management of cars during nighttime.
The Influence of Accountability on Teachers' Decision Making in a Simulated Classroom

The quality of teacher judgments about their students’ achievements as a focus of research is connected with the question of how the quality of these judgments can be improved. A possibility of improving the quality is to make teachers aware of the great impact their judgments have. This means increasing accountability. To test the effects of accountability on teacher judgments, an experiment with the simulated classroom was conducted. In the simulated classroom, virtual students with different mathematical ability were presented on a computer screen. Teachers assessed these students’ ability after two simulated lessons. With this approach, systematic biases could be shown. Girls were assessed as less able in solving mathematical problems than boys with the same ability. However, for the increased accountability condition, only marginal significant effects resulted. When accountability was high, no differences in ratings for boys and girls with the same ability were observed.
A lightweight discrete biphasic current stimulator for rodent deep brain stimulation

This paper presents a miniaturized discrete system for long-term biphasic deep brain stimulation (DBS) with independently programmable anodic and cathodic currents and pulse widths, frequency, pulse order and interpulse interval. It features a single current source and an H-bridge for setting current direction. The single source allows good charge balance, limiting DC current to under 50 nA which is further reduced to below 1 nA by electrode shorting. Voltage compliance is limited to 12 V. The device along with battery power supply weighs 2.3 g. The system is highly customizable, permitting tradeoff between voltage compliance and the range, resolution and accuracy of currents and between power consumption and temporal resolution with minimal hardware modification. Based on average current consumption and nominal battery capacity, the stimulator can provide 300 μA, 130 Hz, 100 μs symmetric biphasic stimulation with an 11.5 V compliance for 14 days. Design details, characterization measurements and experimental data comparing the stimulator to a benchtop device in an anesthetized rat are presented.
Reviews on the Epidemiology, Quality of Life, and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB)

This chapter first reviews the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and recommended management for CHB to identify the health problems and service needs of these patients. The findings from studies on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and CHB is highlighted to identify any knowledge gaps. Finally, available HRQOL measures are reviewed to determine which one is the most suitable for applications for the evaluation of Chinese CHB patients in Hong Kong.
Exact solutions to the double travelling salesman problem with multiple stacks

In this article we present mathematical programming formulations and solution approaches for the optimal solution of the Double Travelling Salesman Problem with Multiple Stacks (DTSPMS). A set of orders is given, each one requiring transportation of one item from a customer in a pickup region to a customer in a delivery region. The vehicle available for the transportation in each region carries a container. The container is organized in rows of given length. Each row is handled independently from the others according to a Last In First Out stack policy. The DTSPMS problem consists of determining the pickup tour, the loading plan of the container and the delivery tour in such a way that the total length of the two tours is minimized. The formulations are based on different modeling ideas and each formulation gives rise to a specific solution approach. We present computational results on a set of benchmark instances that compare the different approaches and show that the most successful one is a decomposition approach applied to a new model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Algorithm Selection for Reinforcement Learning

This paper formalises the problem of online algorithm selection in the context of Reinforcement Learning. The setup is as follows: given an episodic task and a finite number of off-policy RL algorithms, a meta-algorithm has to decide which RL algorithm is in control during the next episode so as to maximize the expected return. The article presents a novel meta-algorithm, called Epochal Stochastic Bandit Algorithm Selection (ESBAS). Its principle is to freeze the policy updates at each epoch, and to leave a rebooted stochastic bandit in charge of the algorithm selection. Under some assumptions, a thorough theoretical analysis demonstrates its near-optimality considering the structural sampling budget limitations. ESBAS is first empirically validated on a dialogue task under 32 algorithm configurations. Another experiment on a fruit collection task shows that ESBAS can successfully be adapted to a true online setting where algorithms update their policies after each transition.
A global view of midlevel liquid-layer topped stratiform cloud distribution and phase partition from CALIPSO and CloudSat measurements

[1] The first 2 year measurements from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar and CloudSat radar were analyzed to study the distribution and phase partition of midlevel liquid-layer topped stratiform clouds (MLTSC, top higher than 2.5 km above the Earth's surface and top temperature warmer than −40°C) globally. The global mean MLTSC occurrence was ∼7.8% and the global mean MLTSC percentage fraction related to all midlevel clouds was ∼33.6%. Strong seasonal and day-night variations of MLTSC occurrence were observed over different latitude regions. In the polar regions, the maximum occurrence was in summer, while the minimum occurred in winter, with small day-night differences. In the tropics, a high MLTSC occurrence band shifted southward from June–July–August to December–January–February with significantly more MLTSC during the nighttime. The global mean MLTSC top height and temperature were ∼4.5 km above the surface and −13.6°C. Overall, 61.8% of MLTSCs were mixed phase and 12.4% were supercooled liquid (contains only liquid phase or with ice below the detection limit). The fraction of mixed-phase MLTSC increased as the cloud top temperature decreased, with a sharp increase between −10 and −15°C and a noticeable latitude difference. This temperature dependence indicated that ice nucleation is active at −10°C in these clouds. The global mean ice water path (IWP) of mixed-phase MLTSCs, estimated based on an empirical temperature–radar reflectivity–ice water content relationship, was ∼13.4 g/m2, and the IWP increased as cloud top temperature decreased. To improve MLTSC parameterizations in global climate models, further studies are needed to better understand the latitude dependence of MLTSC distributions and microphysical properties and how aerosol and water phase cloud properties affecting ice generation in MLTSCs.
Introducing Emma as testbed for emotional alignment

Alignment can be defined as the ability to adjust to the behavior of others. This is relevant in research on virtual humans because it would allow them to behave more believably in human-computer interaction and would facilitate their communication with the human interactant. One aspect that can be considered important is emotional alignment, which can be understood as sharing the same feelings with the others. This relates to the definition of empathy as an affective reaction to the other’s emotion [4]. A fundamental mechanism of empathy is mimicry, the process of simulating another’s facial expressions, voice and posture, that triggers an afferent feedback eliciting the same feelings in oneself as that of the others [4]. Beside our virtual human Max [6] we are developing the virtual human Emma, whose face replicates 25 actions units —the core elements of the Facial Coding System [2]— enabling about 3000 facial nuances related to pleasurearousal-dominance values [3]. Based on the study by Grammer et al. [3] and inspired by the concepts used to implement the imitation algorithms as in [1] and [5], we will describe how our virtual human Emma constitutes a testbed for realising emotional alignment through mimicry.
Stereo Matching Of Curves By Least Deformation

A stereo algorithm developed for the Oxford AGV is described which matches connected chains of edgels (curves) between images. It is based on representing the curves as elastic strings and measuring tlie amount of deformation the strings have to undergo to transform between corresponding curves, and incorporates the ideas of the disparity gradient and tlle fact that matching sections of curve have to lie of a similar sliape. This explicit, use of shape information means that a precisely known epipolar geometry is no longer crucial. Pairs of potentially corresponding cnrves wllicli lead to a large deformation energy, are eliminated and the greatly reduced number of potentially matching pairs are passed on to a tree search stage. A typical result of running tlie algorithm on a stereo triple is presented.
Melody extraction in symphonic classical music: a comparative study of mutual agreement between humans and algorithms

This work deals with the task of melody extraction from symphonic music recordings, where the term ‘melody’ is understood as ‘the single (monophonic) pitch sequence that a listener might reproduce if asked to whistle or hum a piece of polyphonic music and that a listener would recognise as being the “essence” of that music when heard in comparison’. Melody extraction algorithms are commonly evaluated by comparing the pitch sequences they estimate against a “ground truth” created by humans. In order to collect evaluation material from our target repertoire, classical music excerpts in large ensemble settings, we collected recordings of people singing along with the music. In this work, we analyse such recordings and the output of state-of-the-art automatic melody extraction methods, in order to study the agreement between humans and algorithms. Agreement is assessed by means of standard measures that compare pitch sequences on a frame basis, mainly chroma accuracy, which ignores octave information. We also study the correlation between this agreement and the properties of the considered musical excerpts (e.g. melodic density, tessitura, complexity) and of the subjects (e.g. musical background, degree of knowledge of each piece). We confirm the challenges of melody extraction for this particular repertoire, and we identify note density and pitch complexity as the melodic features most correlated to the accuracy and mutual agreement for both humans and algorithms.
The 89,000-Mr murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein activates gene transcription

To study trans-activation of gene expression by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate-early (IE) proteins, the IE coding region 1 (ie1), which encodes the 89,000-Mr IE phosphoprotein (pp89), was stably introduced into L cells. A cell line was selected and characterized that efficiently expressed the authentic viral protein. The pp89 that was constitutively expressed in L cells stimulated the expression of transfected recombinant constructs containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of viral promoters. The regulatory function of the ie1 product was confirmed by transient expression assays in which MCMV IE genes were cotransfected into L cells together with recombinant constructs of the CAT gene. For CAT activation by the ie1 product, a promoter region was required, but there was no preferential activation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 delayed-early promoter. All plasmid constructs that contained the intact coding sequences for pp89 induced gene expression in trans. The MCMV enhancer region was not essential for the expression of a functional IE gene product, and testing of the cis-regulatory activity of the MCMV enhancer revealed a low activity in L cells. Another region transcribed at IE times of infection, IE coding region 2, was unable to induce CAT expression and also did not augment the functional activity of ie1 after cotransfection.