Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociable theta networks underlie the switch and mixing costs during task switching

During task‐switching paradigms, both event‐related potentials and time‐frequency analyses show switch and mixing effects at frontal and parietal sites. Switch and mixing effects are associated with increased power in broad frontoparietal networks, typically stronger in the theta band (~4–8 Hz). However, it is not yet known whether mixing and switch costs rely upon common or distinct networks. In this study, we examine proactive and reactive control networks linked to task switching and mixing effects, and whether strength of connectivity in these networks is associated with behavioural outcomes. Participants (n = 197) completed a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm with concurrent electroencephalography, after substantial task practice to establish strong cue‐stimulus–response representations. We used inter‐site phase clustering, a measure of functional connectivity across electrode sites, to establish cross‐site connectivity from a frontal and a parietal seed. Distinct theta networks were activated during proactive and reactive control periods. During the preparation interval, mixing effects were associated with connectivity from the frontal seed to parietal sites, and switch effects with connectivity from the parietal seed to occipital sites. Lateralised occipital connectivity was common to both switch and mixing effects. After target onset, frontal and parietal seeds showed a similar pattern of connectivity across trial types. These findings are consistent with distinct and common proactive control networks and common reactive networks in highly practised task‐switching performers.
Hyperspectral band selection and modeling of soil organic matter content in a forest using the Ranger algorithm

Effective soil spectral band selection and modeling methods can improve modeling accuracy. To establish a hyperspectral prediction model of soil organic matter (SOM) content, this study investigated a forested Eucalyptus plantation in Huangmian Forest Farm, Guangxi, China. The Ranger and Lasso algorithms were used to screen spectral bands. Subsequently, models were established using four algorithms: partial least squares regression, random forest (RF), a support vector machine, and an artificial neural network (ANN). The optimal model was then selected. The results showed that the modeling accuracy was higher when band selection was based on the Ranger algorithm than when it was based on the Lasso algorithm. ANN modeling had the best goodness of fit, and the model established by RF had the most stable modeling results. Based on the above results, a new method is proposed in this study for band selection in the early phase of soil hyperspectral modeling. The Ranger algorithm can be applied to screen the spectral bands, and ANN or RF can then be selected to construct the prediction model based on different datasets, which is applicable to establish the prediction model of SOM content in red soil plantations. This study provides a reference for the remote sensing of soil fertility in forests of different soil types and a theoretical basis for developing portable equipment for the hyperspectral measurement of SOM content in forest habitats.
Effect of foliar application of humic acid, zinc and bo- ron on biochemical changes related to productivity of pungent pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

To study the effect of foliar application of humic acid at 0.05%, zinc at 0.05% and boron at 0.02% on biochemical changes related to productivity of pungent pepper cv. Bullet (Capsicum annuum L.), a pot experiment in randomized block design with three replications was conducted in the net house of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741252, West Bengal, India. In This experiment, we observed some physiological and biochemical characteristics of pungent pepper. Obtained results revealed that the highest value of height of plant, numbers of leaf plant-1, leaf area, numbers of branch plant-1, numbers of fruit plant-1 and fruit length were exhibited by foliar application of HA + Zn + B. The highest value of fruit diameter, weight of 20 fresh fruits, numbers of seed fruit-1 and weight of 100 seeds were exhibited by foliar application of Zn + B and HA + Zn + B, respectively. The total chlorophyll content significantly increased in HA + Zn + B followed by HA + B and Zn + B application. The highest value of reducing sugar, total sugar and starch content were obtained by application of HA + Zn + B. The highest content of protein, fat, energy and total phenol were exhibited by foliar application of Zn + B, Zn, HA + Zn + B and HA + Zn + B, respectively. The activity of polyphenol oxidase was significantly ‘good performer’ in HA + Zn + B followed by HA and HA + B application. There are significant and positive correlation of starch with some physiological characteristics such as leaf area, number of fruits plant-1, fruit diameter and total chlorophyll. The correlation of energy value with carbohydrates, fat, protein, total chlorophyll and leaf area were positive and significant. Based on principle component analysis and considering average values of all variables, our results suggested that the good promising treatment in HA + Zn followed by Zn + B, HA + Zn + B and Zn alone application may bring about the proper value addition in quality as well as productivity of crop by enhancing the some physiological and biochemical characteristics in pungent pepper. Key words: Capsicum annuum L. , humic acid, zinc, boron, quality, productivity.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies Two Novel Rare Mutations in BMP5 and BMP2 in Monozygotic Twins With Microtia

Abstract Microtia is a rare congenital anomaly of the ear; it is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are unknown. In this study, the genomes of 2-year-old twin sisters with right microtia were sequenced using human genome-wide sequencing, an approach useful for identifying mutations in genes responsible for congenital microtia. The phenotypes of the twin sisters included congenital microtia on the right side, abnormal auricle shape in the right external ear, a peanut shape for the residual ear, and complete atresia of the right external auditory canal. In the twin sisters, we identified a previously unknown mutation in BMP5(exon4:c.833- 4C>G), as well as a new mutation (exon2:c.G332T:p.S111I) in BMP2, both of which were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of the corresponding genome regions, followed by first-generation sequencing. The exon4:c.833-4C>G mutation in human BMP5 may be the main cause of microtia in the twin sisters. A pathogenic mutation in human BMP2 (exon2:c.G332T:p.S111I) may be responsible for the facial deformity in the twin sisters. Thus, our study demonstrates the potential of genome-wide sequencing for identifying novel mutations associated with microtia on the whole-genome scale and extends the mutation spectrum of BMP5. Additionally, our data suggest that BMP2 is another pathogenic gene associated with microtia.
Estimating Perceptual Range of Female Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus) to Potted Vegetative Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and Blooming Nectar Resources

Abstract Habitat loss in the summer breeding range contributes to eastern North American monarch (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) population decline. Habitat restoration efforts include increasing native prairie plants for adult forage and milkweed (Asclepias spp.) for oviposition and larval development. As the monarch is a vagile species, habitat establishment at a grain that matches the monarch perceptual range will facilitate efficient movement, decrease fitness costs of dispersal, and increase oviposition. We released 188 experimental monarch females 5, 25, 50, and 75 m downwind from potted milkweed and blooming forbs in 4–32 ha sod fields. Perceptual range was estimated from monarchs that flew towards and landed on the milkweed and forbs. Flight patterns of 49 non-experimental monarchs that landed on the resources were also observed. In our experimental, resource-devoid setting, wind-facilitated movement occurred most frequently. Monarchs performed direct displacement as evidenced by shallow turn angles and similarity of Euclidian and total distances traveled. We hypothesize similar monarch flight behavior when traveling over other resource-devoid areas, such as crop fields. Although the majority of experimental monarchs flew downwind, eight experimental and 49 non-experimental monarchs were observed flying upwind toward, and landing on, the potted resources from distances ranging from 3 to 125 m (mean = 30.98 m, median = 25 m, mode = 25 m). A conservative estimate of the perceptual range is 125 m, as longer distances cannot be precluded; however, the majority of observations were ≤50 m. Our findings suggest establishing habitat patches ∼ 50 m apart would create functional connectivity across fragmented agricultural landscapes.
Dynein light chain-dependent dimerization of Egalitarian is essential for maintaining oocyte fate in Drosophila

Egalitarian (Egl) is an RNA adaptor for the Dynein motor and is thought to link numerous, perhaps hundreds, of mRNAs with Dynein. Dynein, in turn, is responsible for the transport and localization of these mRNAs. Studies have shown that efficient mRNA binding by Egl requires the protein to dimerize. We recently demonstrated that Dynein light chain (Dlc) is responsible for facilitating the dimerization of Egl. Mutations in Egl that fail to interact with Dlc do not dimerize, and as such, are defective for mRNA binding. Consequently, this mutant does not efficiently associate with BicaudalD (BicD), the factor responsible for linking the Egl/mRNA complex with Dynein. In this report, we tested whether artificially dimerizing this Dlc-binding mutant using a leucine zipper would restore mRNA binding and rescue mutant phenotypes in vivo. Interestingly, we found that although artificial dimerization of Egl restored BicD binding, it only partially restored mRNA binding. As a result, Egl-dependent phenotypes, such as oocyte specification and mRNA localization, were only partially rescued. We hypothesize that Dlc-mediated dimerization of Egl results in a three-dimensional conformation of the Egl dimer that is best suited for mRNA binding. Although the leucine zipper restores Egl dimerization, it likely does not enable Egl to assemble into the conformation required for maximal mRNA binding activity.
Genetic, Immunological, and Clinical Features of 32 Patients with Autosomal Recessive STAT1 Deficiency

Key Points AR STAT1 deficiency underly bacterial and viral infections. Complete STAT1 deficiency is more severe disease than partial STAT1 deficiency. HSCT is the only curative treatment for AR complete STAT1 deficiency. Visual Abstract Autosomal recessive (AR) STAT1 deficiency is a severe inborn error of immunity disrupting cellular responses to type I, II, and III IFNs, and IL-27, and conferring a predisposition to both viral and mycobacterial infections. We report the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of an international cohort of 32 patients from 20 kindreds: 24 patients with complete deficiency, and 8 patients with partial deficiency. Twenty-four patients suffered from mycobacterial disease (bacillus Calmette–Guérin = 13, environmental mycobacteria = 10, or both in 1 patient). Fifty-four severe viral episodes occurred in sixteen patients, mainly caused by Herpesviridae viruses. Attenuated live measles, mumps, and rubella and/or varicella zoster virus vaccines triggered severe reactions in the five patients with complete deficiency who were vaccinated. Seven patients developed features of hemophagocytic syndrome. Twenty-one patients died, and death was almost twice as likely in patients with complete STAT1 deficiency than in those with partial STAT1 deficiency. All but one of the eight survivors with AR complete deficiency underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Overall survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 64%. A diagnosis of AR STAT1 deficiency should be considered in children with mycobacterial and/or viral infectious diseases. It is important to distinguish between complete and partial forms of AR STAT1 deficiency, as their clinical outcome and management differ significantly.
A Full-State Robust Extended Kalman Filter for Orientation Tracking During Long-Duration Dynamic Tasks Using Magnetic and Inertial Measurement Units

Accurate and robust orientation estimation using magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMUs) has been a challenge for many years in long-duration measurements of joint angles and pedestrian dead-reckoning systems and has limited several real-world applications of MIMUs. Thus, this research aimed at developing a full-state Robust Extended Kalman Filter (REKF) for accurate and robust orientation tracking with MIMUs, particularly during long-duration dynamic tasks. First, we structured a novel EKF by including the orientation quaternion, non-gravitational acceleration, gyroscope bias, and magnetic disturbance in the state vector. Next, the a posteriori error covariance matrix equation was modified to build a REKF. We compared the accuracy and robustness of our proposed REKF with four filters from the literature using optimal filter gains. We measured the thigh, shank, and foot orientation of nine participants while performing short- and long-duration tasks using MIMUs and a camera motion-capture system. REKF outperformed the filters from literature significantly (p < 0.05) in terms of accuracy and robustness for long-duration tasks. For example, for foot MIMU, the median RMSE of (roll, pitch, yaw) were (6.5, 5.5, 7.8) and (22.8, 23.9, 25) deg for REKF and the best filter from the literature, respectively. For short-duration trials, REKF achieved significantly (p < 0.05) better or similar performance compared to the literature. We concluded that including non-gravitational acceleration, gyroscope bias, and magnetic disturbance in the state vector, as well as using a robust filter structure, is required for accurate and robust orientation tracking, at least in long-duration tasks.
Legionella pneumophila LegC7 effector protein drives aberrant endoplasmic reticulum:endosome contacts in yeast

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, causing the severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Legionella actively alters host organelle trafficking through the activities of “effector” proteins secreted via a type‐IVB secretion system, in order to construct the bacteria‐laden Legionella‐containing vacuole (LCV) and prevent lysosomal degradation. The LCV is created with membrane derived from host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory vesicles and phagosomes, although the precise molecular mechanisms that drive its synthesis remain poorly understood. In an effort to characterize the in vivo activity of the LegC7/YlfA SNARE‐like effector protein from Legionella in the context of eukaryotic membrane trafficking in yeast, we find that LegC7 interacts with the Emp46p/Emp47p ER‐to‐Golgi glycoprotein cargo adapter complex, alters ER morphology and induces aberrant ER:endosome interactions, as measured by visualization of ER cargo degradation, reconstitution of split‐GFP proteins and enhanced oxidation of the ER lumen. LegC7‐dependent toxicity, disruption of ER morphology and ER:endosome fusion events were dependent upon endosomal VPS class C tethering complexes and the endosomal t‐SNARE, Pep12p. This work establishes a model in which LegC7 functions to recruit host ER material to the bacterial phagosome during infection by driving ER:endosome contacts, potentially through interaction with host membrane tethering complexes and/or cargo adapters.
Elevated myocardial wall stress after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST elevation myocardial infraction is associated with increased mortality

Despite early attempts to salvage myocardium‐at‐risk with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), changes in myocardial wall stress (MWS) leads to ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after acute ST‐elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI). Whether this is transient or leads to long‐term adverse outcomes major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is not known. We studied the association between MWS and MACE in patients after a successful PCI for acute STEMI.
Exploring risk factors for developing occupational ill health – departing from an occupational perspective

Abstract Background Sick leave due to stress-related mental ill health increases in society. In occupational therapy, occupational balance is considered important for experiencing health and well-being. Thus, knowledge regarding occupational balance and occupational value constitute essential parts of occupational therapists’ work with people suffering from occupational ill health. Objective The aim of this study is to analyse the relationships between sociodemographic factors, occupational value, occupational balance and perceived health in people suffering from occupational ill health. Methods In a quantitative cross-sectional study data from a total of 218 individuals were included, 192 women, 22 men and 4 individuals who did not specify their gender. Data were collected by means of surveys prior to an occupational therapy intervention. The instruments used included OVal-pd, OBQ, EQ5D and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data were analysed using regression and decision tree analysis. Results The results show that individuals who experience an imbalance in their everyday life and who have few or no experiences of daily occupations imprinted by socio-symbolic occupational value experienced lower perceived health. Conclusions Low level of experiences of balance in daily life and occupational value seems to be the main risk factors for the development of occupational ill health, rather than sociodemographic factors.
The circadian clock gates Drosophila adult emergence by controlling the timecourse of metamorphosis

Significance In holometabolous insects, the circadian clock restricts the time of adult emergence. Although this daily gating of behavior is one of the first circadian rhythms to be studied, little is known about the mechanism underlying the gating process itself. Here, we show that the circadian clock imposes a daily rhythmicity to the pattern of adult emergence by controlling the timing of the completion of metamorphosis. Thus, our findings reveal that the basis of gating is a developmental process and not an acute on/off activational switch and fundamentally changes our understanding of how this circadian control is accomplished. It also provides evidence of a mechanism by which the circadian clock imposes a daily rhythmicity to behavior through the control of the pace of development. The daily rhythm of adult emergence of holometabolous insects is one of the first circadian rhythms to be studied. In these insects, the circadian clock imposes a daily pattern of emergence by allowing or stimulating eclosion during certain windows of time and inhibiting emergence during others, a process that has been described as “gating. ” Although the circadian rhythm of insect emergence provided many of the key concepts of chronobiology, little progress has been made in understanding the bases of the gating process itself, although the term “gating” suggests that it is separate from the developmental process of metamorphosis. Here, we follow the progression through the final stages of Drosophila adult development with single-animal resolution and show that the circadian clock imposes a daily rhythmicity to the pattern of emergence by controlling when the insect initiates the final steps of metamorphosis itself. Circadian rhythmicity of emergence depends on the coupling between the central clock located in the brain and a peripheral clock located in the prothoracic gland (PG), an endocrine gland whose only known function is the production of the molting hormone, ecdysone. Here, we show that the clock exerts its action by regulating not the levels of ecdysone but that of its actions mediated by the ecdysone receptor. Our findings may also provide insights for understanding the mechanisms by which the daily rhythms of glucocorticoids are produced in mammals, which result from the coupling between the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and a peripheral clock located in the suprarenal gland.
Locus-specific transcription silencing at the FHIT gene suppresses replication stress-induced copy number variant formation and associated replication delay

Abstract Impaired replication progression leads to de novo copy number variant (CNV) formation at common fragile sites (CFSs). We previously showed that these hotspots for genome instability reside in late-replicating domains associated with large transcribed genes and provided indirect evidence that transcription is a factor in their instability. Here, we compared aphidicolin (APH)-induced CNV and CFS frequency between wild-type and isogenic cells in which FHIT gene transcription was ablated by promoter deletion. Two promoter-deletion cell lines showed reduced or absent CNV formation and CFS expression at FHIT despite continued instability at the NLGN1 control locus. APH treatment led to critical replication delays that remained unresolved in G2/M in the body of many, but not all, large transcribed genes, an effect that was reversed at FHIT by the promoter deletion. Altering RNase H1 expression did not change CNV induction frequency and DRIP-seq showed a paucity of R-loop formation in the central regions of large genes, suggesting that R-loops are not the primary mediator of the transcription effect. These results demonstrate that large gene transcription is a determining factor in replication stress-induced genomic instability and support models that CNV hotspots mainly result from the transcription-dependent passage of unreplicated DNA into mitosis.
Parents' Thoughts Regarding Their Normal-Weight Children's Food and Physical Activity as Expressed During Health Conversations With the School Nurse: A Qualitative Analysis Informing Health-Promoting Practices

Parents are key to promoting children's healthy growth and development. However, school nurses need knowledge about how to best support parents' health-promoting activities. This study aimed to explore parents' thoughts regarding their normal-weight 6-year-old children's food and physical activity behaviors as expressed during health conversations with the school nurse. Qualitative content analysis of audio-recorded conversations (n = 30) showed that parents think of their children's behaviors in terms of: (a) children's personality in relation to food and physical activity; (b) recognizing children's food and physical activity behaviors; (c) parenting in relation to food and physical activity; (d) interaction with children in situations around food and physical activity; and (e) contextual circumstances to promote children's healthy food and physical activity behaviors. The study contributes with novel knowledge regarding clinical work in health promotion, with suggestions for how school nurses can engage parents in promoting and sustaining healthy food and physical activity behaviors.