Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"VIRTUALLY" A MAKER: MAKING IN AN ONLINE GRADUATE COURSE

Makerspaces have become established as communal and collaborative environments for making meaning, solving problems, and developing essential global skills and competencies. However, these spaces are commonly utilized by makers who are geographically co-located. In this qualitative study, we explored the intersection of a maker approach to learning and the affordances of online education—specifically, learning in one's own community by accessing the online course remotely as opposed to traveling to a physical classroom, and connecting the learning/making activities directly to one's home context—in a graduate-level course focused on critical making. We also discuss the theory and methods that informed the development and implementation of this course, given a recent shift from the use of traditional teacher-centered pedagogies in online learning. Our results suggest that the online course acted as a supportive community of inquiry that both scaffolded students' independent exploration of making in their local communities and facilitated continuous, collaborative learning through an effective blend of synchronous and asynchronous technologies. The need for a platform that enabled ongoing, organic sharing and connection between students was also highlighted.
Delivery Pattern of Character Values in the Legend Group Themed of Lawlessness Folklore in the Minangkabau Nation Society

Intangible cultural heritage is a cultural wealth that contributes to the process of instilling good character values. These cultural properties can be used in planting, development, and strengthening of character values contextually by the characteristics of the nation's culture. Folklore is an intangible part of the culture that has a unique character and a description of the identity of a nation. West Sumatra, which is a province with a majority population of Minangkabau ethnicity, and one of the major ethnic groups in Indonesia, has a diversity of folklore as a cultural heritage passed down from generation to generation. The research did against some of the legends' folklore groups, which are scattered in the Pasisia and Darek area. It is namely of two stories representing the Pasisia area and six stories representing the Darek area, to find out the delivery pattern of character values in each of the folklore groups of legends on the theme of lawlessness which was passed down from generation to generation to the Minangkabau ethnic community. This study uses content analysis research techniques. The content analysis of the text is carried out in a qualitative paradigm. The folklore of a group of legends has the theme of lawlessness using negative delivery patterns the children of the Minangkabau ethnic community; this can build a logical and critical thinking attitude for children as the next generation of the Minangkabau ethnic group. This negative delivery pattern is still maintained by its users in the Minangkabau cultural story because this pattern is still believed to be the best pattern in conveying messages while developing the ability to think logically and critically.
Simulation of the atmospheric transfer of the solar radiation in water vapor absorption bands

The atmospheric solar spectra are calculated using different spectroscopic databases of H2O absorption line parameters in the temperature and humidity range observed in the mid-latitudes. A comparison of the simulated spectra and measured high-resolution atmospheric spectra in the near-infrared water vapor bands, is carried out. It is shown that the values of H2O atmospheric column, retrieved using different modern spectroscopic databases may vary by more than 3%.
Evaluation of the liver function by the liver parenchyma, spleen and portal vein signal intensity during the hepatobiliary phase in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI

Background: Previous studies used the signal intensity (SI) to reflect liver function. However, there are still few studies on the assessment of liver function via the portal vein, and no study has pointed out that in terms of SI (liver, spleen, portal vein), which one can better reflect liver function. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether these parameters can be used to evaluate liver function in patients with cirrhosis and determine which parameter is best.Methods: A total of 120 patients with normal livers (n = 41) or Child–Pugh class A (n = 50), B (n = 21) or C (n = 8) disease who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons of the SI of the liver parenchyma, portal vein, and spleen and liver-to-portal vein (LPC), liver-to-spleen (LSC), and portal vein-to-spleen (PSC) contrast ratios on the 15-min hepatobiliary phase images were performed among groups, and the correlations among liver function parameters (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, creatinine, platelet count, prothrombin time and international normalized ratio), liver function scores and MRI date were also quantitatively analyzed.Results: Significant differences were observed in the SI of the liver parenchyma, LPC and LSC among groups. These values all decreased gradually from normal livers to Child–Pugh class C cirrhotic livers (P < 0.001). The SI of the portal vein constantly and slightly increased from normal livers to Child–Pugh class C cirrhotic livers, but there were no differences among groups in portal vein signal and PSC (P > 0.05). LPC had a stronger correlation with Child-Pugh score and MELD score than LSC and liver parenchyma SI. The order of the AUCs of these parameters, from largest to smallest, was as follows: LPC, LSC, and liver parenchyma SI (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Liver parenchyma SI, LSC and LPC may be used as alternative imaging biomarkers for assessing liver function, while the portal vein signal and PSC could not reflect liver function. Furthermore, LPC values can more effectively distinguish severity among patients with cirrhosis than liver parenchyma SI and LSC.
Preparation of Starch−Fatty Acid Modified Clay and Its Application in Packaging Papers

To improve the bondability between clay filler and lignocellulosic fiber, Kaolin clay particles were modified using a starch−fatty acid complex method. The coating efficiency of starch on clay particle surfaces was investigated by measuring the dissolved starch in the supernatant. The experimental results indicated that more than 98% of the applied starch was precipitated onto the surface of the filler, and the resulting starch−fatty acid−clay composites had relatively good resistance against moderate shear force. The morphology, particle size, and ζ potential of the starch modified filler were also determined with scanning electron microscopy, Malvern particle size analyzer, and Malvern Zetasizer, respectively. An aqueous slurry of linerboard pulp containing 5−15 wt % modified fillers was used for handsheet preparation, and the effects of the addition of modified filler on the paper properties were studied. At a dosage of 10% of the modified filler (based on filler), the retention of the filler was highe.
Violence in sub-saharan african schools: A scoping review protocol

Background: Violence in schools is an intersectional, multifaceted and complex global phenomenon that impedes gender equality and transformation, disrupts learner progress, familial and school environments and constitutes a public health, educational, social and human rights challenge. According to the United Nations (UN) study on Violence against Children, violence in schools refers to sexual and gender-based violence (GBV), bullying, gang-related violence (GRV), school and community-related violence, verbal, physical and psychological violence that includes fighting and weapons. Literature searches rendered no scoping or systematic results for a complex topic such as violence in SSA schools with catastrophic consequences. Hence, the objective of this scoping review is to map evidence of violence in SSA schools from existing literature over the past decade to summarise findings, identify research gaps, guide future research or determine the feasibility of a systematic review being conducted. Methods: Due to violence in schools being a broad topic our literature searches will include grey literature, unpublished and published studies, empirical studies, all study designs, conference presentations and website content using various keywords to search multiple databases to locate relevant literature. Search engines and electronic databases that will be searched are Google Scholar, PsycINFO (EBSCHO), CINAHL, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, PsycARTICLES (EBSCO), EMBASE, university libraries, education departments and MEDLINE (EBSCHO). Title and abstract screening will be independently conducted by two screeners to minimise bias. A data charting form, compiled by three screeners using a Google form, will be used to extract relevant information from each article. Two screeners will populate the charting form electronically whilst all four screeners will ensure the charting form is continuously updated. Discussion: We anticipate mapping literature on violence in sub-Saharan African schools. Once summarized, the data will be useful to identify literature gaps, guide future research on school violence or determine the feasibility of a systematic review being conducted.
Combined Effects of Microplastics and Biochar on the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalate Esters and Its Potential Microbial Ecological Mechanism

Microplastics (MPs) have been attracting wide attention. Biochar (BC) application could improve the soil quality in the contaminated soil. Currently, most studies focused on the effect of MPs or BC on the soil properties and microbial community, while they neglected the combined effects. This study investigated the combined effects of BC or ball-milled BC (BM) and polyethylene plastic fragments (PEPFs) and degradable plastic fragments (DPFs) on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) from the PAH-contaminated soil and the potential microbial ecological mechanisms. The results showed that BC or BM combined with PEPF could accelerate the removal of PAHs and PAEs. PEPF combined with BM had the most significant effect on the removal of PAHs. Our results indicating two potential possible reasons contribute to increasing the removal of organic pollutants: (1) the high sorption rate on the PEPF and BC and (2) the increased PAH-degrader or PAE-degrader abundance for the removal of organic pollutants.
What to Expect When the Unexpected Becomes Expected: Harmonic Surprise and Preference Over Time in Popular Music

Previous work demonstrates that music with more surprising chords tends to be perceived as more enjoyable than music with more conventional harmonic structures. In that work, harmonic surprise was computed based upon a static distribution of chords. This would assume that harmonic surprise is constant over time, and the effect of harmonic surprise on music preference is similarly static. In this study we assess that assumption and establish that the relationship between harmonic surprise (as measured according to a specific time period) and music preference is not constant as time goes on. Analyses of harmonic surprise and preference from 1958 to 1991 showed increased harmonic surprise over time, and that this increase was significantly more pronounced in preferred songs. Separate analyses showed similar increases over the years from 2000 to 2019. As such, these findings provide evidence that the human perception of tonality is influenced by exposure. Baseline harmonic expectations that were developed through listening to the music of “yesterday” are violated in the music of “today,” leading to preference. Then, once the music of “today” provides the baseline expectations for the music of “tomorrow,” more pronounced violations—and with them, higher harmonic surprise values—become associated with preference formation. We call this phenomenon the “Inflationary-Surprise Hypothesis. ” Support for this hypothesis could impact the understanding of how the perception of tonality, and other statistical regularities, are developed in the human brain.
IDENTITY AND THE SENSE OF SUBJECTIVITY IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY LIFE DESTABILIZATION

The lives of families who take care of people with disabilities are full of unexpected events, unwanted situations, and difficulties that accumulate at every step. Therefore, bearing in mind the purpose of this paper, I focused on determining those conditions which are a source of destabilization in the lives of families with intellectually disabled children. I attemptto reconstruct the sources of threats to the sense of subjectivity and the shaping of the identity of parents who have children with disabilities. The theoretical framework of the analysis is symbolic interactionism. The research material used in the presented article is composed of personal experiences of parents of disabled individuals, and unstructured interviews were performed with these people. Analysis of the research material was performed in accordance with the procedures of grounded theory methodology.
Ecosystem-Dependent Responses of Vegetation Coverage on the Tibetan Plateau to Climate Factors and Their Lag Periods

The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its climate response patterns are of significance in deepening our understanding of regional vegetation and climate change. The response of vegetation to climate factors varies spatially and may have lag periods. In this paper, we studied the spatiotemporal responses of vegetation to climatic factors on an ecosystem-dependent scale using GIMMS NDVI3g data and climatic parameters. Pure pixels with a single vegetation type were firstly extracted to reduce the influence of mixed vegetation types. Then, a lag correlation analysis was used to explore the lag effects of climatic parameters affecting NDVI. Finally, the stepwise regression method was adopted to calculate the regression equation for NDVI and meteorological data with the consideration of effect lag times. The results show that precipitation has significant lag effects on vegetation. Temperature is the main climatic factor that affects most vegetation types at the start of growing season. At the end of growing season, the temperate desert, temperate steppe, and temperate desert steppe are greatly affected by precipitation. Moreover, the alpine steppe, alpine desert, alpine meadow, and alpine sparse vegetation are greatly affected by temperature. The needleleaf forest, subalpine scrub, and broadleaf evergreen forest are sensitive to sunshine percentage during almost the whole growing season. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the drivers and mechanisms of vegetation degradation on the Tibetan Plateau.
Business Intelligence of Indonesian Telematics Human Resource: Optimization of Customer and Internal Balanced Scorecards

This study aims to build an Indonesian telematics human resources business intelligence based on the optimization of the balanced scorecard of the customer and internal aspects. The balanced scorecard for customer aspects is done through the concept of the data lake and needs of the telematics workforce, which refers to the largest job vacancy site in Indonesia. The internal aspect of the balanced scorecard is carried out through vocational high school clustering as a telematics workforce producer. Business intelligence applications are able to describe in real-time the needs of the telematics workforce. Moreover, this application is also made in a mobile version, so that the conditions make it easier for vocational high schools to find out trends in telematics workforce needs nationally. This business intelligence is integrated with the balanced scorecard in the internal aspects of vocational telematics high school. The results show that Indonesian vocational telematics high schools still have major constraints on laboratory facilities, but most vocational telematics high schools show optimism through the development of technopreneurial programs. This is in line with the government's program, which continues to launch a telematics-based start-up ecosystem growth program to be highly competitive in facing the Asian Economic Community and industrial revolution 4.0. The government needs to provide more intensive workshop program incentives to vocational high school teachers because this shows a significant effect on the absorption capacity of vocational high school graduates.
Proteinuria and venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a population-based cohort study

Abstract Background Pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors of VTE may lead to improved maternal and foetal outcomes. Proteinuria confers a pro-thrombotic state, however, its association with VTE in pregnancy remains unknown. We set out to assess the association of proteinuria and VTE during pregnancy. Methods We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women (≥16 years of age) with a proteinuria measure within 20 weeks of conception (n = 306 244; mean age 29.8 years) from Ontario, Canada. Proteinuria was defined by any of the following: urine albumin:creatinine ratio ≥3 mg/mmol, urine protein:creatinine ratio ≥5 mg/mmol or urine dipstick proteinuria ≥1. The main outcome measure was a diagnosis of VTE up to 24-weeks post-partum. Results A positive proteinuria measurement occurred in 8508 (2.78%) women and was more common with a history of kidney disease, gestational or non-gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension. VTE events occurred in 625 (0.20%) individuals, with a higher risk among women with positive proteinuria [32 events (0.38%)] compared with women without proteinuria [593 events (0.20%); inverse probability-weighted risk ratio 1.79 (95% confidence interval 1.25–2.57)]. The association was consistent using a more specific VTE definition, in the post-partum period, in high-risk subgroups (hypertension or diabetes) and when the sample was restricted to women with preserved kidney function. Conclusions The presence of proteinuria in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is associated with a significantly higher risk of VTE.
Transient expression of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' effector SDE1 induces chlorosis by suppressing NbDDX3 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana

Background: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) is the pathogenic bacterium that causes Huanglongbing in citrus plants, as well as in several types of experimental plants. Las releases a set of effectors to modulate host responses. One of these critical effectors is Sec-delivered effector 1 (SDE1), which induces chlorosis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Results: Four SDE1-interacting proteins were identified from N. benthamiana, including DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3, 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit PSMD14, an ARM repeat protein, and a hypothetical protein. Gene silencing revealed that knockdown of the NbDDX3 gene led to chlorosis in N. benthamiana leaves. Fluorescent signal detection revealed that SDE1 was localized to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Simultaneously, NbDD3 was expressed in cytoplasmic vesicles, as well as in the cell membrane. The interactions between SDE1 and NbDDX3 were shown to be localized on cell membrane using co-localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. Moreover, the transcription of NbDDX3 gene was substantially suppressed in N. benthamiana plants that expressed SDE1. Conclusion: Las effector SDE1 interacts with NbDDX3 at the cell membrane. Most importantly, the transient expression of SDE1 exerts a suppression effect on the transcription of NbDDX3 gene. The silencing of NbDDX3 leads to leaf chlorosis in N. benthamiana. This provided evidence to understand the molecular events in association with chlorosis induced by SDE1.
Effect of varying fertility levels on physiological aspects of rice cultivars in the North Western Himalayas

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 at Rice and Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Malan to study the physiological response of different rice cultivars to varying fertility levels in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of 5 main-plot treatments comprising varying fertility levels {50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF (90:40:40 kg N:P:K ha-1), 150% RDF, 50% RDF + Azolla and 100% RDF + Azolla} and 4 cultivars as sub-plot treatments {Vivekdhan 65, HPR 2143, HPR 2720 (red rice) and AZ 6508 (hybrid)}. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The increase in fertility level and Azolla application increased the dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of rice. The increasing trend in crop growth rate (CGR) during the active tillering and flowering stage was observed while the leaf area ratio reduced from 60 to 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Contrary to these the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) remained almost equal during both the time intervals between 30 and 60 days and 60 and 90 days after transplanting though it varied with varying fertility levels as well as between different cultivars. Additional azolla application at both the fertilizer doses of 50 and 100 % RDF showed a significant increase in CGR from 30 to 60 DAT as compared to the when it was not applied, the increase being 2.70 and 2.13 g m-2 day-1with the azolla application at 50 % and 100 % RDF, respectively. Further CGR recorded between 30 and 60 DAT with the application of azolla with 50 % RDF was statistically similar to the application of 100 % RDF alone, indicating a saving of 50 % RDF with the azolla application. Also the CGR recorded between 30 and 60 DAT with the application of 150 % RDF was also similar to the application of 100 % RDF along with azolla application. Similarly RGR increased with increasing fertilizer application as well as with azolla application at 30 to 60 and 60 to 90 DAT. LAR decreased during the flowering stage due to more contribution of flag leaf in net assimilation. Among the cultivars tested ‘Vivekdhan 65’ and ‘AZ 6508’ showed higher values of CGR as well as RGR, particularly between 60 to 90 DAT while ‘AZ 6508’ had significantly higher LAR. Initially, azolla applied to the crop was not much effective but during the later stages, its contribution increased the growth rate. These findings suggest that growth indices could be enhanced by applying higher doses of fertilizesr but the application of azolla can result in the saving of fertilizers.
Metaphorical conceptualization of hope (nada) in Croatian: A corpus-based study

This study examines the role of metaphor in the conceptualization of hope ( nada ) in the Croatian corpus hrWaC. Employing “metaphorical pattern analysis” (Ste-fanowitsch, 2006), I analyze metaphorical patterns with the target-domain word nada ‘hope’. These patterns were extracted from a random sample of 1000 citations and additional citations retrieved based on the collocation candidates’ list. The analysis shows that the conceptualization of hope in Croatian relates to ap-proximately fifty metaphorical source domains. The most frequently utilized are object, container, and companion, which apply to many other emotions, dispositions, and states. The study builds on relevant research questions and findings on the conceptual representation of emotions and metaphors structuring emotions within cognitive linguistic research. It offers a basis for future qualitative studies about hope as a universal and culture-specific concept.