Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signaling in the Information Age : How Increasingly Public Lives Affects the Cost of Signaling

The advent of the internet, and in particular online social networks, has created an abundance of new opportunities for signaling. We consider environments with two features: first, receivers observe many choices by each sender, rather than a single decision; second, complete-information bliss points are heterogeneous across different types of senders. We prove that, ironically, a sufficiently large number of signaling opportunities allows senders to signal their true types at arbitrarily low overall cost. We apply our results to signaling through online social networks and consumption that is made conspicuous via online social networks. Several additional applications are considered in the appendix.
Reversible Long-Range Assemblies in Gold Nanoparticles – Liquid Crystal Composites: Molecular Dynamics of the Gold Capping Layer

Highly miscible mesogenic ligand capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [1] that produce reversible longrange assemblies in nematic and smectic liquid crystal (LC) [2-3] were recently developed by our group. At the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition of cyanobiphenyl based liquid crystal, AuNP networks are formed with controllable dimension and topology. The molecular interactions driving the assembly and detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are presented in this paper. The chain mobility of the ligand shell at gold surface was found to play a key role in the nanocrystal miscibility and assembly. The orientational orders of the selectively deuterated LC matrix and AuNP ligands, each separately followed by variable temperature deuterium NMR as a function of particle concentration, were also observed to be strongly correlated [4]. The mechanism of the nanoparticle structure formation is attributed to the coupling of the AuNP ligands to the LC matrix, inducing an isotropic-nematic biphasic state. Fine-tuning of these interactions through ligand and mesogen chemistry provides a route for major materials innovations by merging structured fluid physics and nanoscience.
Detect Multiple Choice Exam Cheating Pattern by Applying Multivariate Statistics

This aim of this project is to apply a series of pattern detection Data Mining algorithms to accurately identify during classroom test exams. To detect if a pattern could be identified on the answer keys between students not attributable to chance alone, multivariate statistics tools were used to determine whether there was any association pattern among the students. Hierarchical Clustering and Dendrogram Tree were used to identify the grouping affinity behavior related to exam cheating pattern. Authors also used Heat Map to identify and recognize patterns in exam scores using visual analysis. The authors also selected the top 20% of questions considered the most difficult ones in order to increase the detection power. The probability of picking the same wrong answers on the difficult questions are even more unlikely by chance alone as compared to picking the right answers for the easy questions. It is statistically even more improbable that students would unintentionally select the same wrong answers on difficult questions, and therefore provides very evidence of cheating. Principle component analysis was also used to identify pairs of students who cheated, with. The predictive model approach using Data Mining tools was very powerful for analysis of the complex exam cheating patterns.
Entanglement of quantum fields via classical gravity

We consider the coupling of quantum fields to classical gravity in the formalism of ensembles on configuration space, a model that allows a consistent formulation of interacting classical and quantum systems. Explicit calculations show that there are solutions for which two quantum fields are in an entangled state, even though their interaction occurs solely via a common classical gravitational field, and that such entangled solutions can evolve from initially unentangled ones. These results support the observation of a previous paper that an observed generation of entanglement would not provide a definitive test of the nonclassical nature of gravity.
Chandra and XMM–Newton detection of large-scale diffuse X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy

We present an X-ray study of the massive edge-on Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M 104; NGC 4594), based on XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. A list of 62 XMM-Newton and 175 Chandra discrete X-ray sources is provided, the majority of which are associated with the galaxy. Spectral analysis is carried out for relatively bright individual sources and for an accumulated source spectrum. At energies & 2 keV, the source-subtracted X-ray emission is distributed similarly as the stellar K-band light and is primarily due to the residual emission from discrete sources. At lower energies, however, a substantial fraction of the source-subtracted emission arises from diffuse hot gas extending to � 20 kpc from the galactic center. The galactic disk shows little X-ray emission and instead shadows part of the X-ray radiation from the bulge. The observed diffuse X-ray emission from the galaxy shows a steep spectrum that can be characterized by an optically-thin thermal plasma with temperatures of � 0.6-0.7 keV, varying little with radius. The diffuse emission has a total luminosity of � 3 × 10 39 erg s −1 in the 0.2-2 keV energy range. This luminosity is significantly smaller than the prediction by current numerical simulations for galaxies as massive as Sombrero. However, such simulations do not include the effect of quienscent stellar feedback (e.g., ejecta from evolving stars and Type Ia supernovae) against the accretion from intergalactic medium. We argue that the stellar feedback likely plays an essential role in regulating the physical properties of hot gas. Indeed, the observed diffuse X-ray luminosity of Sombrero accounts for at most a few percent of the expected mechanical energy input from Type Ia supernovae. The inferred gas mass and metal content are also substantially less than those expected from stellar ejecta. We speculate that a galactic bulge wind, powered primarily by Type Ia supernovae, has removed much of the “missing” energy and metal-enriched gas from the region revealed by the X-ray observations.
Past , Present and Future Compensation Research : Economist Perspectives

At the 2016 Academy of Management Conference, a group of distinguished compensation researchers held a panel discussion on the future of compensation research. Their remarks were compiled into an article published recently in this journal. This article presents a similar panel of leading economists doing compensation research – Michael Gibbs, Kevin Hallock, Edward Lazear, Kevin J. Murphy, and Canice Prendergast – commissioned by editor Charles Fay.
E-Skin Pressure Sensors Made by Laser Engraved PDMS Molds

This work describes the production of electronic-skin (e-skin) piezoresistive sensors, which micro-structuration is performed using laser engraved molds. With this fabrication approach, low-cost sensors are easily produced with a tailored performance. Sensors with micro-cones and a high sensitivity of −1 kPa−1 under 600 Pa are more adequate for the blood pressure wave detection, while sensors micro-structured with semi-spheres and a maximum sensitivity of −6 × 10−3 kPa−1 in a large pressure range (1.6 kPa to 100 kPa) are more suitable for robotics and functional prosthesis.
RELEVANCE OF SECOND TO FOURTH DIGIT RATIO ( 2 D : 4 D ) IN THE CHOICE OF MALE FOOTBALL AND BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN PORTHARCOURT-NIGERIA

This study was carried out to investigate any difference in the second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) of footballers, basketball players and nonsports participants. Two hundred and eighty nine (289) subjects were drawn from Port Harcourt city, Rivers state in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. These comprised 100 (34.6%) footballers, 89 (30.8%) basketball players and 100 (34.6%) non-sports participants. A digital caliper was used to measure the length of the second digit (2D) and fourth digit (4D) respectively. Observation showed that generally, basketball players had higher values for left second digit (L2D), left fourth digit (L4D), left second to fourth digit ratio (L2D:L4D), right second digit (R2D) and right fourth digit (R4D) than footballers. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant p<0.05. However, no significant difference was observed for the right second to fourth digit ratio (R2D:4D) between the two groups. Results for the mean values of the second digit length, fourth digit length and digit ratio of non-sport males and their ttest comparison showed significant differences in L4D, L2D:4D, R2D, R4D and R2D:4D but not in L2D. The values were significantly higher in R2D:4D and L2D:4D of non sport males than footballers. The values of L4D, R2D and R4D were higher in footballers than non-sport males. No difference was seen in L2D. The digit ratio was significantly higher among non-sport males than basketball players while other parameters showed significant higher values among basketball players. This suggests that 2D:4D is a good determinant on who participates in the sports of football and basketball and who does not.
On Extraction out of Inherently Case-Marked Elements *

It will be shown that inherently Case-marked elements exhibit the same kind of locality with respect to extraction as moved elements, which will be shown to have important consequences for inherent Case-licensing. Many have argued that extraction out of moved elements is banned. Bošković (in press) shows that this ban can be deduced in a way that allows such extraction in one well-defined context, where such extraction is indeed allowed. As noted above, inherently Case-marked elements are islands—they disallow extraction. Importantly, we will see that the context that exceptionally allows extraction out of moved elements also exceptionally allows extraction out of inherently Case-marked elements. Inherently Case-marked elements thus show the same kind of locality as
Experiment 1 : Inattentional Blindness for Natural Scenes

Is visual attention required for visual consciousness? In the past decade, many researchers have claimed that awareness can arise in the absence of attention. This claim is largely based on the notion that natural scene (or “gist”) perception occurs without attention. This article presents evidence against this idea. We show that when observers perform a variety of demanding, sustained-attention tasks, inattentional blindness occurs for natural scenes. In addition, scene perception is impaired under dualtask conditions, but only when the primary task is sufficiently demanding. This finding suggests that previous studies that have been interpreted as demonstrating scene perception without attention failed to fully engage attention and that natural-scene perception does indeed require attention. Thus, natural-scene perception is not a preattentive process and cannot be used to support the idea of awareness without attention.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Three Leishmania Species Among Syrian Refugees in Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkey

Sanliurfa, a city in southeastern Turkey, is host to 477,166 Syrian refugees. The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may be on the rise in areas affected by a refugee crisis, like Sanliurfa; thus, consequently, local uncommon species of Leishmania may be encountered in these regions. This might potentially make diagnosis and treatment more challenging over time. In this study, it was aimed to identify the causative agents of CL in clinical samples. A total of 154 patients (60 Syrian and 94 Turkish) who were diagnosed with CL via microscopical examination and PCR were enrolled this study. All of the samples were analyzed using internal transcribed spacer 1 genes, restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA-sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. In this study, Leishmania tropica was determined to be the predominant species in 140 of the patients (90.9%), followed by Leishmania major in 12 patients (7.8%), and Leishmania infantum in 2 patients (1.3%). Of the 94 Turkish patients, 94.7% were infected with L. tropica and 5.3% were infected with L. major, while none were infected with L. infantum. However, of the 60 Syrian patients, 85% were infected with L. tropica, 11.7% were infected with L. major, and 3.3% were infected with L. infantum. There was a significant association between the Leishmania species and the nations (Turkish–Syrian) (P < 0.001). The sequences were numbered from MH347941 to MH347953 and submitted to GenBank. This study confirmed that L. tropica, L. major, and L. infantum coexisted in Sanliurfa. This was the first time that the species L. infantum was reported among recent immigrants from Syria in Sanliurfa. Therefore, it is necessary to discriminate the Leishmania species for diagnosis, treatment, and controlled studies in hyper-endemic regions.
Metriplectic torque for rotation control of a rigid body

Metriplectic dynamics couple a Poisson bracket of the Hamiltonian description with a kind of metric bracket, for describing systems with both Hamiltonian and dissipative components. The construction builds in asymptotic convergence to a preselected equilibrium state. Phenomena such as friction, electric resistivity, thermal conductivity and collisions in kinetic theories all fit within this framework. In this paper an application of metriplectic dynamics is presented that is of interest for the theory of control: a suitably chosen torque, expressed through a metriplectic extension of its “natural” Poisson algebra, an algebra obtained by reduction of a canonical Hamiltonian system, is applied to a free rigid body. On a practical ground, the effect is to drive the body to align its angular velocity to rotation about a stable principal axis of inertia, while conserving its kinetic energy in the process. On theoretical grounds, this example provides a class of nonHamiltonian torques that can be added to the canonical Hamiltonian description of the free rigid body and reduce to metriplectic dissipation. In the canonical description these torques provide convergence to a higher dimensional attractor. The method of construction of such torques can be extended to other dynamical systems describing “machines” with non-Hamiltonian motion having attractors.
Intertemporal poverty in Great Britain

A number of measures of intertemporal poverty have recently been proposed in the theoretical literature. In this paper, we apply two of these measures to analyse intertemporal poverty in Great Britain during the period 1991-2005, using data from the British Household Panel Survey. Previous studies on poverty using this data-set have employed static measures of poverty. We illustrate how the use of intertemporal poverty measures makes it possible to analyse aspects of poverty which cannot be captured by static, annual, measures of poverty. We then model the determinants of intertemporal poverty, conditional upon being poor, using a Heckman two-step selection model. Keywords: Intertemporal poverty measurement, BHPS, Great Britain JEL Classi cations: D31, I32.
Unraveling the role of KiAA 1199 , a Novel endoplasmic reticulum Protein , in cancer cell Migration

Methods Clinical relevance was assessed by examining KIAA1199 expression in human cancer specimens. In vitro and in vivo studies were employed to determine the function of KIAA1199 in cancer progression. Cellular localization of KIAA1199 was microscopically determined. SNAP-tag pull-down assays were used to identify binding partner(s) of KIAA1199. Calcium levels were evaluated using spectrofluorometric and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses. Signaling pathways were dissected by Western blotting. Student t test was used to assess differences. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Investor Sentiments

We consider a general class of games that have been used to model many economic problems where players’ sentiments are believed to play an important role. Dropping the common-prior assumption, we identify the relevant notion of sentiments for strategic behavior in these games. This notion is tied to how likely a player thinks that some other player has a more optimistic outlook than himself when they obtain their private information. Under this notion, we show that sentiments have a profound e ﬀ ect on strategic outcomes–even with vanishing uncertainty.
CAMA Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis Do Fiscal Multipliers Depend on Fiscal Positions ? CAMA Working Paper 35 / 2016 June 2016

This paper analyzes the relationship between fiscal multipliers and fiscal positions of governments using an Interactive Panel Vector Auto Regression model and a large dataset of advanced and developing economies. Our methodology permits us to trace the endogenous relationship between fiscal multipliers and fiscal positions while maintaining enough degrees of freedom to draw sharp inferences. We report three major results. First, the fiscal multipliers depend on fiscal positions: the multipliers tend to be larger when fiscal positions are strong (i.e. when government debt and deficits are low) than weak. For instance, the long run multiplier can be as large as unity when fiscal position is strong, while it can be negative when the fiscal position is weak. Second, these effects are separate and distinct from the impact of the business cycle on the fiscal multiplier. Third, the state-dependent effects of the fiscal position on multipliers is attributable to two factors: an interest rate channel through which higher borrowing costs, due to investors’ increased perception of credit risks when stimulus is implemented from a weak initial fiscal position, crowd out private investment; and, a Ricardian channel through which households reduce consumption in anticipation of future fiscal adjustments. | T H E A U S T R A L I A N N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y
Machine-Crowd-Expert Model for Increasing User Engagement and Annotation Quality

Crowdsourcing and active learning have been combined in the past with the goal of reducing annotation costs. However, two issues arise with using AL and crowdsourcing: quality of the labels and user engagement. In this work, we propose a novel machine -> crowd <- expert loop model where the forward connections of the loop aim to improve the quality of the labels and the backward connections aim to increase user engagement. In addition, we propose a research agenda for evaluating the model.
Sapiness–sentiment analyser

Abstract In our ever-evolving world, the importance of social networks is bigger now than ever. The purpose of this paper is to develop a sentiment analyzer for the Hungarian language, which we can then use to analyze any text and conduct further experiments. One such experiment is an application which can interface with social networks, and run sentiment analysis on the logged-in users friends’ posts and comments, while the other experiment is the use of sentiment analysis in order to visualize the evolution of relationships between characters in a text.
Crowdsourcing Peer Information to Change Spending Behavior

We document five effects of providing individuals with crowdsourced spending information about their peers (individuals with similar characteristics) through a FinTech app. First, users who spend more than their peers reduce their spending significantly, whereas users who spend less keep constant or increase their spending. Second, users’ distance from their peers’ spend-ing affects the reaction monotonically in both directions. Third, users’ reaction is asymmetric - spending cuts are three times as large as increases. Fourth, lower-income users react more than others. Fifth, discretionary spending drives the reaction in both directions and especially cash withdrawals, which are commonly used for incidental expenses and anonymous transactions. We argue Bayesian updating, peer pressure, or the fact that bad news looms more than (equally-sized) good news cannot alone explain all these facts.
Identification of a Phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) SH3 Domain-Binding Site in SLP-76 Required for T-Cell Receptor-Mediated Activation of PLC-γ1 and NFAT

ABSTRACT SLP-76 is an adapter protein required for T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. In particular, TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), and the resultant TCR-inducible gene expression, depend on SLP-76. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which SLP-76 mediates PLC-γ1 activation are not well understood. We now demonstrate that SLP-76 directly interacts with the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of PLC-γ1. Structure-function analysis of SLP-76 revealed that each of the previously defined protein-protein interaction domains can be individually deleted without completely disrupting SLP-76 function. Additional deletion mutations revealed a new, 67-amino-acid functional domain within the proline-rich region of SLP-76, which we have termed the P-1 domain. The P-1 domain mediates a constitutive interaction of SLP-76 with the SH3 domain of PLC-γ1 and is required for TCR-mediated activation of Erk, PLC-γ1, and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). The adjacent Gads-binding domain of SLP-76, also within the proline-rich region, mediates inducible recruitment of SLP-76 to a PLC-γ1-containing complex via the recruitment of both PLC-γ1 and Gads to another cell-type-specific adapter, LAT. Thus, TCR-induced activation of PLC-γ1 entails the binding of PLC-γ1 to both LAT and SLP-76, a finding that may underlie the requirement for both LAT and SLP-76 to mediate the optimal activation of PLC-γ1.
Retina Prognostic Value of Multifocal Electroretinography and Optical Coherence Tomography in Eyes Undergoing Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy

Citation: Zhu Y, Zhang T, Wang K-Y, Xu G-Z. Prognostic value of multifocal electroretinography and optical coherence tomography in eyes undergoing panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:6358–6364. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14704 PURPOSE. To investigate the prognostic utility on visual acuity of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diabetic eyes receiving panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).
Electron cyclotron harmonic waves observed by the AMPTE‐IRM Plasma Wave Experiment following a lithium release in the solar wind

An unexpected occurrence following the second lithium release by the AMPTE-IRM spacecraft in the solar wind on September 20, 1984, was the appearance of electron cyclotron harmonic emissions. These emissions began about 50 s after the release and continued for several minutes. Narrow-band emissions polarized perpendicular to the magnetic field with amplitudes of approximately 10−5 V m−1 were observed in each of the first five harmonic bands. Unpolarized diffuse emissions were also present at the same time. The diffuse emissions extended from below the lowest measured frequency channel to above the highest narrow-band emission with a maximum below the electron cyclotron frequency. It will be shown that these observations are inconsistent with their generation by several ion beam instabilities.