Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precise assessment of the number of patrilines and of genetic relatedness in honeybee colonies

Sociobiologists have long sought to estimate precisely the relatedness among members of social insect colonies because of the central significance of kinship in evolutionary and behavioural studies. By using microsatellites, we directly identified the 7-20 subfamilies (patrilines) present in five honeybee colonies belonging to three different subspecies (Apis mellifera mellifera, A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica). By focusing further investigations on one A. m. mellifera colony, we showed that the genetic structure remained largely unchanged over time as long as the colony is headed by the same queen. The genetic diversity within the colony also provided a good estimate of the genetic diversity of the local honeybee population. The distribution of patrilines was significantly different in swarming workers compared with contemporaneous pupae of the original colony, probably due to unequal propensities for swarming among patrilines. Conversely, no bias in the relative proportions between worker and queen brood could be detected.
Implementation of smart infrastructure for electric vehicle charging station with minimizing battery charging time

A need for electricity increases rapidly. Now in technology and research field highly innovations are done. For the growth of generation and manage the need for electricity demand is one of the tasks for development county. EV’s are launched in India. The management and stability of the system are important. Using the bidirectional converter is one of the best solutions. We charge and discharge our EV at the charging station. By using renewable source the greenhouse gases effect will reduce. For that charging of the method, PV panels are used. The battery is a device which uses for the storage of electricity. We can charge the battery at a minimum time period and increase the lifespan of the battery by controlling other parameters.
Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide Nonwoven Cloth with UltraHigh Areal Capacitance for Flexible Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors represent a promising energy storage technology for flexible, miniaturized, and wearable electronic devices in the future. At present, to achieve high mechanical flexibility, many available flexible supercapacitors are constructed into thin electronic devices. However, the thin thickness of the whole supercapacitor electrode will greatly limit the mass loading of active materials and lower the energy density, which as a result, substantially hindering the application of supercapacitors for wearable electronic devices. Herein, we report a magnetic field induced fabrication of threedimensional nonwoven cloth consists of cross-linked ultra-long NiCo sulfide nanowires as a high-performance supercapacitor cathode. Due to the stress release by slippage between the cross- linked nanowires under external force, the NiCo sulfide nonwoven cloth electrode with the thickness up to 0.5 mm can achieve ultra-high flexibility, even foldability and arbitrarily deformable properties. Most importantly, the thick threedimensional architecture enables the high mass loading of active materials, which is crucial for high energy density flexible supercapacitors. The NiCo sulfide nonwoven cloth electrode demonstrates an ultra-high areal capacitance over 4.91 F cm-2, with negligible capacitance decay after 10000 cycles, outperforming most of reported flexible supercapacitors and revealing its great potential for practical application in wearable electronic device.
Generative Adversarial Construction of Parallel Portfolios

Since automatic algorithm configuration methods have been very effective, recently there is increasing research interest in utilizing them for automatic solver construction, resulting in several notable approaches. For these approaches, a basic assumption is that the given training set could sufficiently represent the target use cases such that the constructed solvers can generalize well. However, such an assumption does not always hold in practice since in some cases, we might only have scarce and biased training data. This article studies effective construction approaches for the parallel algorithm portfolios that are less affected in these cases. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed approach simultaneously considers instance generation and portfolio construction in an adversarial process, in which the aim of the former is to generate instances that are challenging for the current portfolio, while the aim of the latter is to find a new component solver for the portfolio to better solve the newly generated instances. Applied to two widely studied problem domains, that is, the Boolean satisfiability problems (SAT) and the traveling salesman problems (TSPs), the proposed approach identified parallel portfolios with much better generalization than the ones generated by the existing approaches when the training data were scarce and biased. Moreover, it was further demonstrated that the generated portfolios could even rival the state-of-the-art manually designed parallel solvers.
Hybrid Symbiotic Organism Search algorithms for Automatic Data Clustering

Cluster analysis is an essential tool in data mining. Several clustering algorithms have been proposed and implemented for which most are able to find the good quality or optimal clustering solutions. However, most of these algorithms still depend on the number of a cluster being provided a priori. In dealing with real-life problems, the number of clusters is unknown and determining the optimal number of clusters for a large density and high dimensionality dataset is quite a difficult task to handle. This paper, therefore, proposes five new hybrid symbiotic organism search algorithms to automatically partition datasets without any prior information regarding the number of clusters. Furthermore, the hybrid algorithms will be evaluated in terms of solution quality using the Davies–Bouldin clustering validity index. The simulation results show that the performance of the hybrid symbiotic organisms search particle swarm optimization algorithm is superior to the other proposed hybrid algorithms.
Design and Development of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System for Hybrid Power Source Based EV with Unique SC Cell Voltage Balancing Circuit

Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) is an approach of charging Electric vehicles (EV's) and is rapidly growing due to its advantages upon wired charging and static charging. This paper proposes static and dynamic wireless charging of Hybrid Power Source (HPS) where the battery bank and Super Capacitors (SCs) bank are charged by using single transmitter and dual receiver pair which is distinctive. HPS are charged in different modes based on the rider requirements. Further, this paper also proposes a simple and unique SC cell voltage balancing circuit which is less complex and light in weight considering for EV's application.
A Low-Cost, Portable Solution for Stress and Relaxation Estimation Based on a Real-Time Fuzzy Algorithm

Goal: This paper proposes a reliable stress and relaxation level estimation algorithm that is implemented in a portable, low-cost hardware device and executed in real time. The main objective of this work is to offer an affordable and “ready-to-go” solution for medical and personal environments, in which the detection of the arousal level of a person is crucial. Methods: To achieve meaningful identification of stress and relaxation, a fuzzy algorithm based on expert knowledge is built according to parameters extracted from physiological records. In addition to the heart rate, parameters extracted from the galvanic skin response and breath are employed to extend the results. Moreover, this algorithm achieves accurate results with a restricted computational load and can be implemented in a miniaturized low-cost prototype. The developed solution includes standard and actively shielded electrodes that are connected to an Arduino device for acquisition, while parameter extraction and fuzzy processing are conducted with a more powerful Raspberry Pi board. The proposed solution is validated using real physiological registers from 42 subjects collected using BIOPAC MP36 hardware. Additionally, a real-time acquisition, processing and remote cloud storage service is integrated via IoT wireless technology. Results: Robust identification of stress and relaxation is achieved, with F1 scores of 91.15% and 96.61%, respectively. Moreover, processing is performed using a 20-second sliding window; thus, only a small frame of context is required. Significance: This work presents a reliable solution for identifying stress and relaxation levels in real time, which can lead to the production of low-cost commercial devices for use in medical and personal environments.
HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN PERITUBULAR ZONE OF POSTNATAL TESTES IN RATS

The histochemical localization of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity (ALPase) on the limiting membrane of seminiferous tubules was investigated in the testes from the rats aged 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days. On thick (ca 40μ) sections incubated in Burstone's medium for ALPase, a cribriform distribution (about 36-45μ in width) of the strong activity began to be detected on 14 days of age and it was established by 21 days postnatal. Closing about the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, an inner cellular layer of the flattened cells showing many of the characteristics of smooth muscles began to be demonstrated ultrastructurally on 14 days of age due to the differentiation of the outer cellular layer. At that time, moderate activity of ALPase began to be seen throughout a myoid cell layer by Ogawa et al. 's ultracytochemical method. Abundant reaction products for ALPase could be proved more than 21 days of age. Many pinocytotic vesicles within the cytoplasm of the myoid cells were filled with final products, and the strong activity was also observed in the space surrounding the myoid cells. Finally, the peritubular zone appeared virtually adult in ultrastructure and in both localization and activity of ALPase by 21 days postnatal. By electrophoresis on starch gel, the isozyme pattern of ALPase demonstrated by azo dye method was studied on the testicular tissues at the same stages of postnatal development as design of the histochemical investigation. Type II of the isozyme increased moderately more than 14 days after birth. A cribriform distribution of ALPase on the wall of seminiferous tubules might be related to the activity surrounding the myoid cell, which would be Type II of ALPase.
eModeration adoption requirements for secondary school education: a critical literature review

eModeration is an essential aspect of quality assurance in electronic learning, but eModeration systems are not a regular feature of assessment in educational institutions. One reason could be the lack of evidence-based requirements to guide the implementation and evaluation of eModeration systems. To ensure adoption, it is important that eModeration system requirements comply with technology acceptance requirements. The purpose of this paper is to determine the adoption requirements for the development of an eModeration system. We employ a critical literature review as methodology to extract an initial set of eModeration requirements from the literature. The initial set of eModeration requirements are then used as a basis for eliciting requirements from technology acceptance models. The lack of eModeration systems especially in the secondary school environment necessitated a focus on pre- adoption requirements, which was a challenge since most technology acceptance models assume the use of a system. The Human, Organisation and Technology model is useful in supporting pre-adoption requirements and was thus selected as the basis for synthesising the refined set of requirements. The contribution is a set of requirements that should be useful in the design and evaluation of eModeration systems towards ensuring adoption and use.
Efficient and secure three-party mutual authentication key agreement protocol for WSNs in IoT environments

In the Internet of Things (IoT), numerous devices can interact with each other over the Internet. A wide range of IoT applications have already been deployed, such as transportation systems, healthcare systems, smart buildings, smart factories, and smart cities. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play crucial roles in these IoT applications. Researchers have published effective (but not entirely secure) approaches for merging WSNs into IoT environments. In IoT environments, the security effectiveness of remote user authentication is crucial for information transmission. Computational efficiency and energy consumption are crucial because the energy available to any WSN is limited. This paper proposes a notably efficient and secure authentication scheme based on temporal credential and dynamic ID for WSNs in IoT environments. The Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic method was used to validate our scheme. Cryptanalysis revealed that our scheme can overcome the security weaknesses of previously published schemes. The security functionalities and performance efficiency of our scheme are compared with those of previous related schemes. The result demonstrates that our scheme’s security functionalities are quantitatively and qualitatively superior to those of comparable schemes. Our scheme can improve the effectiveness of authentication in IoT environments. Notably, our scheme has superior performance efficiency, low computational cost, frugal energy consumption, and low communication cost.
Modelling of the PEM fuel cell and design of a peak current control based DC-DC boost converter for locomotive application

The present work aims at the modelling and performance analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based energy system in supplying the dynamically varying power demand of an intercity passenger train operating in India. In the proposed energy system, the PEMFC is connected to the DC-bus via a DC-DC boost converter. A prototype model of the proposed energy system is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the dynamic performance of this model in supplying the locomotive power demand is examined. The PEMFC model is developed using the experimental data of the commercially available NEXA 1200 PEMFC system of Ms. Heliocentris. For effective regulation of the DC-bus voltage irrespective of the variation in operating and loading conditions, the peak current control scheme is adopted and a pulse width modulation controller is designed for the converter switches. Lastly, the performance of the designed controller in maintaining the DC-bus voltage is investigated.
Shaped Content Addressable Memory Based On Spin Orbit Torque Driven Chiral Domain Wall Motions

Content addressable memory (CAM) integrated with non-volatile racetrack memory (RM) can perform the lookup function with a very fast speed. However, the bidirectional motion of domain walls (DWs) in the stripe-shaped RM based CAM will cause data overflow issue, resulting in larger physical size and lower performance. In this paper, a ring-shaped CAM based on spin orbit torque (SOT) driven chiral DW motions has been designed and simulated. Thanks to the circuit simplification and high efficiency of chiral DW motions, its area, energy consumption and operational speed can be greatly improved.
Beetle abundance–environment relationships at the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition zone

Abstract. 1 The spatial variation in the abundance of individuals may be associated with the variation in environmental variables. The productivity hypothesis proposes that climate affects plant productivity, which may limit the abundance of beetles. The thermal‐limitation hypothesis proposes the direct effect of ambient temperature may limit beetle abundance. We analysed the abundance of epigaeic beetles at the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition to test for these abundance–environment relationships. 2 We collected beetles using 450 pitfall traps within a ~150 × 150 km area representative of the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition. We used path analysis to evaluate the relationships between beetle abundance and plant cover, litter biomass, averaged minimum and daily temperature range, and mean annual precipitation. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrices to model the spatial autocorrelation of the data. 3 The abundance of beetles increased strongly with tree canopy cover and less strongly with herb cover. The increase in shrub cover had a positive effect on beetle abundance in areas to the east of the transition, within the scrubland‐steppe, but it has a negative effect on beetle abundance in areas to the west of the transition, within the forests. The association between beetle abundance and minimum daily temperature was negative or weak throughout. Increased temperature variation had a negative effect on beetle abundance. 4 We suggest that indirect positive climatic effects mediated through plant cover are important to account for the variation in beetle abundance, which favours the productivity hypothesis. Thermal limitation may operate locally through variation in daily temperature range.
Nunatak survival vs. tabula rasa in the Central Pyrenees: a study on the endemic plant species Borderea pyrenaica (Dioscoreaceae)

Aim Borderea pyrenaica (Dioscoreaceae) is a Tertiary relict plant endemic to the Central Pyrenees. Because of its narrow distribution in a small geographical area and the fact that it is restricted to high alpine habitats, it constitutes an ideal model species for inferring the historical dynamics of population survival and migration during and after Quaternary glaciations in the Pyrenees.
Cyto-taxonomical studies in the genus Euphorbia L

Cytological studies were carried out on 18 species of the genus Euphorbia, of which chromosome counts for five species are reported for the first time. The chromosome numbers in four other species of this genus are found to be at variance with the earlier reports. Of the 18 investigated species, 12 were found to be at different levels of ploidy, while 6 are at the diploid level. Abnormal meiotic behaviour (multivalents and univalents at diakinesis, laggards at A-I, sterility of pollen grains and formation of micropollen) is recorded in the two morphotypes of E. neriifolia collected from Chandigarh and Ahmedabad. Both of these exhibited the chromosome number 2n=90 but in the Chandigarh population 90 bivalents were observed in an occasional spore mother cell too at M-I. It is suggested that this taxon has probably arisen through hybridisation between E. royleana (n=60) and E. nivulia (n=30). On the basis of available data x=10 is suggested as the primary base number for the genus. It has been observed that sections Anisophyllum and Tithymallus are greatly diversified in regard to the basic chromosome number, while the section Euphorbium seems to be uniform in this respect. The role of polyploidy and aneuploidy in speciation and evolution of the genus has been stressed.
Sources of variation in maternal allocation in a long‐lived mammal

Abstract Life history theory predicts allocation of energy to reproduction varies with maternal age, but additional maternal features may be important to the allocation of energy to reproduction. We aimed to characterize age‐specific variation in maternal allocation and assess the relationship between maternal allocation and other static and dynamic maternal features. Mass measurements of 531 mothers and pups were used with Bayesian hierarchical models to explain the relationship between diverse maternal attributes and both the proportion of mass allocated by Weddell seal mothers, and the efficiency of mass transfer from mother to pup during lactation as well as the weaning mass of pups. Our results demonstrated that maternal mass was strongly and positively associated with the relative reserves allocated by a mother and a pup's weaning mass but that the efficiency of mass transfer declines with maternal parturition mass. Birthdate was positively associated with proportion mass allocation and pup weaning mass, but mass transfer efficiency was predicted to be highest at the mean birthdate. The relative allocation of maternal reserves declined with maternal age but the efficiency of mass transfer to pups increases, suggestive of selective disappearance of poor‐quality mothers. These findings highlight the importance of considering multiple maternal features when assessing variation in maternal allocation.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND 16S rRNA GENE EVIDENCE FOR RECLASSIFICATION OF THE PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXIN PRODUCING APHANIZOMENON FLOS‐AQUAE LMECYA 31 AS APHANIZOMENON ISSATSCHENKOI (CYANOPHYCEAE) 1

A taxonomic reevaluation of the paralytic shellfish toxin (saxitoxins) producing cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae Ralfs ex Born. & Flah. LMECYA31 was done using morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequences. We found that strain LMECYA31 was incorrectly identified as Aph. flos‐aquae based on (a) lack of bundle formation in trichomes, (b) shape of terminal cells in the trichomes, (c) lower similarity (<97.5%) in the 16S rRNA gene sequences relative to those of Aph. flos‐aquae, and (d) comparison within a phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The shape of the terminal trichome cells and the shape and size of the vegetative cell, heterocyst, and akinete in strain LMECYA31 match characters of Aph. issatschenkoi (Ussachew) Proschkina‐Larvernko. 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic clusters constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequences support our conclusion that strain LMECYA31 should be Aph. issatschenkoi.
The study of adhesive forces between the type-3 fimbriae of Klebsiella pneumoniae and collagen-coated surfaces by using optical tweezers

Adherence to host cells by a bacterial pathogen is a critical step for establishment of infection. It will contribute greatly to the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis by studying the biological force between a single pair of pathogen and host cell. In our experiment, we use a calibrated optical tweezers system to detach a single Klebsiella pneumoniae, the pathogen, from collagen, the host. By gradually increasing the laser power of the optical tweezers until the Klebsiella pneumoniae is detached from the collagen, we obtain the magnitude of the adhesive force between them. This happens when the adhesive force is barely equal to the trapping force provided by the optical tweezers at that specific laser power. This study is important because Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen which causes suppurative lesions, urinary and respiratory tract infections. It has been proved that type 3 fimbrial adhesin (mrkD) is strongly associated with the adherence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Besides, four polymorphic mrkD alleles: namely, mrkDv1, v2, v3, and v4, are typed by using RFLP. In order to investigate the relationship between the structure and the function for each of these variants, DNA fragments encoding the major fimbrial proteins mrkA, mrkB, mrkC are expressed together with any of the four mrkD adhesins in E. coli JM109. Our study shows that the E. coli strain carrying the mrkDv3 fimbriae has the strongest binding activity. This suggests that mrkDv3 is a key factor that enhances the adherence of Klebsiella Pneumoniae to human body.