Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Methods for Quantifying Northern Bobwhite Habitat Use

Habitat use is an important ecological parameter that is used to make informed decisions about quail management and research. Statistical methods for quantifying habitat use are numerous, but few objective criteria are available to support the selection of a particular analytical approach. Therefore, we compared breeding season habitat use by radio-marked northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) at 2 study sites in Mississippi with 2 widely used statistical methods; Chi-square goodness-of-fit test with Bonferroni confidence intervals, and compositional analysis. These statistical methods produced similar results for both study areas; however, more detailed habitat use information was provided by compositional analysis when performed using the customary hierarchical approach. Therefore, for analysis of radio-marked quail, we recommend this method due to its effective hierarchical approach, improved statistical validity, and ability to incorporate other population parameters (e.g . survival) into statistical models of habitat use by northern bobwhites. Citation: Manley, S.W. , J.M. Lee, R.S. Fuller, J.P. Carroll, and L.A. Brennan. 2000. Comparison of two methods for quantifying northern bobwhite habitat use. Pages 213-218 in L.A. Brennan, W.E. Palmer, L.W. Burger, Jr., and T.L. Pruden (eds.). Quail IV: Proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
U.S. Food and Nutrient Demand and the Effects of Agricultural Policies

An econometric model of annual per capita U.S. food and nutrition demand is developed. The model is a flexible, full rank two Gorman polar form. It is strictly aggregable across income, demographic variables, and variations in micro preference parameters. Parametric conditions for global quasi-concavity of the (quasi-)utility function are derived. The model is implemented with annual time series data on U.S. per capita food consumption for the sample period 1918-1994. A battery of new test statistics are developed for and applied to the following hypotheses: (1) strict exogeneity of income or total expenditures; (2) global symmetry and negative semidefiniteness of the Slutsky substitution matrix; (3) parameter stability in a multivariate, nonlinear regression model based on within sample residuals; and (4) weak separability of food items from all other goods in the representative consumer's preference function. The empirical results are very encouraging with respect to the strictures of economic theory, heretofore a virtually unheard of outcome. The model is used to analyze the food and nutrient consumption and consumer welfare impacts of the U.S. dairy program.
Liquid-crystal photonic applications

Liquid crystals are nowadays widely used in all types of display applications. However their unique electro-optic properties also make them a suitable material for nondisplay applications. We will focus on the use of liquid crystals in different photonic components: optical filters and switches, beam-steering devices, spatial light modulators, integrated devices based on optical waveguiding, lasers, and optical nonlinear components. Both the basic operating principles as well as the recent state-of-the art are discussed.
Nonlinear ion trap stability analysis

This paper investigates the dynamics of an ion confined in a nonlinear Paul trap. The equation of motion for the ion is shown to be consistent with the equation describing a damped, forced Duffing oscillator. All perturbing factors are taken into consideration in the approach. Moreover, the ion is considered to undergo interaction with an external electromagnetic field. The method is based on numerical integration of the equation of motion, as the system under investigation is highly nonlinear. Phase portraits and Poincaré sections show that chaos is present in the associated dynamics. The system of interest exhibits fractal properties and strange attractors. The bifurcation diagrams emphasize qualitative changes of the dynamics and the onset of chaos.
How Does Family Control Influence Firm Strategy and Performance? A Meta‐Analysis of US Publicly Listed Firms

Manuscript Type. Empirical. Research Question/Issue. A contentious and prominent research question in the management literature is whether publicly listed family firms (FFs) outperform other types of corporations. Through a research synthesis of all available studies on the performance of US FFs, we address this question directly. We also extend the debate by raising three salient follow‐up questions. First, is the performance differential between FFs and non‐FFs attributable to a unique set of strategic choices? Second, do FF performance effects persist across generational transitions in FF control? Third, are performance differentials across generations attributable to intergenerational shifts in corporate governance and strategy? Research Findings/Insights. With respect to our primary research question, we find that the balance of evidence indicates that (US) FFs outperform other types of public corporations. We also evaluate competing narratives regarding which strategies are characteristic of FFs, and demonstrate that their diversification, internationalization, and financing strategies mediate the FF‐performance relationship in manners consistent with the narratives advanced by certain leading FF scholars, but not others. Further, we find that the performance of (US) FFs drops dramatically after the first generation and show that this negative performance differential is due to the much more conservative patterns of strategic decision making enacted by successor generations. Theoretical/Academic Implications. In addition to providing the most comprehensive evidence to date regarding the performance attributes of FFs, we nuance several theoretical debates concerning the propensity of FFs to diversify, internationalize, and leverage their equity capital. Practitioner/Policy Implications. We identify value‐creating strategic choices of FFs related to internationalization, diversification, and capital structure. We also identify strategic choices often made in successor‐led FFs which reduce value. Both sets of findings are relevant to FF executives and consultants. The policy implications of the study are that in advanced liberal market economies high‐quality capital market institutions are likely to contribute to FF outperformance vis‐a‐vis other types of publicly listed firms, but these findings may not hold in other types of national governance systems or in emerging markets.
Use of Linguistic Qualifiers and Intensifiers in a Computer Conference

Previous research in text-based computer conferencing has reported that analysis of transcripts of online discussions can reveal how participants network socially, exchange information, and attempt to construct knowledge. Some have detected gender differences in online discussions, which may affect the interpersonal dynamics within the group. This study investigated a possible gender-related communications difference (the use of linguistic qualifiers and intensifiers) in a computer conference transcript. The study differed from some previous work in using the sentence as the unit of analysis and in employing a newly developed tool for coding, the Transcript Analysis Tool. Results suggested a tendency for women to use more of the forms thought likely to sustain dialogue (qualifiers, conditional and parenthetic statements, and personal pronouns), whereas men's postings generally contained fewer qualifiers and more intensifiers. The differences were seen as generally supporting previous findings and also as demonstrating that in a moderated conference the range of interactive behavior is less extreme than in "open" or unstructured environments.
Nationally hosted tax intervention: Exploring South African students' perceptions of its usefulness to develop pervasive skills

The article explores the usefulness of a nationally hosted tax intervention presented to tax students from various South African universities to develop pervasive skills. In response to the call from professional bodies and employers to develop pervasive skills, the design of the intervention was aimed at affording students the opportunity in which they can apply and be exposed to the pervasive skills development. The article is unique in that it determines, based on the perceptions of a wide coverage of South African tax students, the usefulness of a one-of-a-kind tax-related intervention. Quantitative data was gathered through an action research process using questionnaires to evaluate the usefulness of the tax intervention in exposing students to pervasive skills and in encouraging them to apply it. Overall, the intervention was perceived as an effective teaching tool and tax students recommended it as a positive contributor in developing their pervasive skills as part of higher education and training.
Shut up I'm Driving! Is Talking to an Inconsiderate Passenger the Same as Talking on a Mobile Telephone?

The objective of this study was to compare driving performance whilst talking on a hands-free mobile (cellular) telephone with performance during conversations with “considerate” and “inconsiderate” passengers. Using the Leeds Advanced Driving Simulator, participants were asked to drive through a road containing four driving scenarios: (1) car following along a straight road section, (2) car following along a curved section of road, (3) a braking event, and (4) a coherence event. A working memory digit recall and sentence verification task were used to simulate conversation in three conversation conditions: (1) “considerate passenger,” where the experimenter asked drivers to respond to the working memory task before and after a driving event, (2) “inconsiderate passenger,” where the experimenter asked drivers to respond to the working memory task throughout a driving event, and “3) “mobile phone task,” which involved digital presentation of the working memory task via a mobile telephone throughout the driving events. A silent condition was also used as control. The effect of the three conversation conditions on driving performance was the same during the simple car following scenarios. However, talking to an “inconsiderate” passenger was found to be as disrupting as a mobile phone conversation, and different from conversing with a considerate passenger, during the braking and coherence conditions. Therefore, the high workload imposed by conversation was only detrimental during the more difficult driving conditions, when demand for central attentional resources from both tasks was at its highest.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION RESULTS ON THE PREDICTION OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

This paper examines the influence of modeling daylighting in two energy simulation programs: EnergyPlus and Daysim. Different controls of the daylighting system will be tested and the results will be based on the total building energy consumption. The daylighting results from the EnergyPlus program show limitations for zones that have great depth as it overestimates the illuminance values in areas far from the window. Thus, the modelling of daylighting using Daysim was combined with the EnergyPlus program to estimate the whole building energy performance. These results demonstrated higher accuracy and the influence of the use of the Daysim daylighting result can be noted in the building energy consumption.
Validity of the Neck Meridian Test as a Measure of Stress

The neck meridian test is a procedure in which the participant is requested to stretch the neck in four directions and rate the intensity of pain felt and/or symptoms. The total score of the four responses has been shown to correlate with the level of perceived stress, and it has been suggested that it may be possible to use this test as a measure of perceived stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of experimentally induced stress on the neck meridian test score. It was predicted that the neck meridian test score would increase only in participants who were exposed to stress manipulation. The participants were 19 male and 9 female college students (age, 34.1 ± 9.37 years) majoring in acupuncture and moxibustion medicine. The participants were randomly assigned to a stress group and a control group. All participants were requested to rest for 3 min and then complete the neck meridian test. Subsequently, they were administered a stress questionnaire. The participants in the stress group were instructed to prepare mentally for 3 min for a small 1-min examination that included performance in front of a judge, while those in the control group were requested to rest for additional 3 min. After each period, the participants completed the neck meridian test and were administered a stress questionnaire. The stress score increased significantly only in the stress group, indicating that the experimental protocol was a valid means of inducing a stressed state. The neck meridian test score also increased only in the stress group, providing supporting evidence that the neck meridian test is a valid tool for assessing perceived stress. It is suggested that the test could be used in future studies applying techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine to stress care.
Pre-service preschool teachers self competency evaluation of challenging play behaviors

Children play more vigorously and more productively when their teachers have formal education or training in the importance of play. Children with challenging play behavior in the play create a difficult situation for pre-service preschool teachers, affecting their achievement in the program objectives. Issues of challenging behavior in preschool classroom settings are, in part, related to teachers’ self competencies of addressing these behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service preschool teachers’ self competencies of children’s challenging play behaviors. It was found that the most difficult situation for pre-service preschool teachers were kicking/biting and throwing toys. Besides physically aggressive behaviors, pre-service preschool teachers have not found themselves competent to get children’s participation when play is refused by children. It is also found that pre-service preschool teachers had the most confidence level when children had difficulty in expressing play progress and when they did not help cleaning up. Key words: Play, challenging behavior, preschool, pre-service.
Study on Variable Step Size SAP Adaptive Filtering Algorithm

In the interference cancellation system, the SAP (Sub band Affine Projection) algorithm is researched commonly, but the step size is given. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward an algorithm that can make the step size change with the variation of output error. The simulation results show that compared to the traditional SAP algorithm, this algorithm have faster rate of convergence, and good steady state error.
Student Leadership Perceptions in South Africa and the United States

The present study examined high school and college students’ perceptions of leadership traits necessary for outstanding leaders to possess in South Africa and the United States. Students (N =124) indicated traits that both inhibited and facilitated outstanding leadership using modified Project GLOBE (House et al., 2004, Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies, SAGE Publications) questionnaires. Results showed that: 1) Overall valence of trait dimensions remained constant across cultures and developmental stages; 2) South African students rated traits less strongly than American students overall, showing a less distinct definition of outstanding leadership; 3) College students’ ratings of positive versus negative leadership traits were more differentiated than their high school counterparts’ ratings; 4) The ratings of students in this study mirrored those of business people from Project GLOBE, although college students tended to have an even more distinct definition of what makes a good leader. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering cultural and developmental contexts when studying leadership traits.
A multi-parity animal model for genetic evaluation of calving traits enhanced with genomic information

A multi-parity animal model with correlated direct and maternal effects was developed for genetic evaluation of calving ease and stillbirth, replacing the previous single-trait model used in Germany. First three parities were treated as genetically distinct traits in this new calving model, direct and maternal genetic effects of both calving ease and stillbirth were estimated jointly. Genetic parameters of the new calving model were estimated using a large data set. Low heritability values were obtained for the calving traits, genetic correlations between parities ranged from 0.47 to 0.91 indicating genetic heterogeneity between parities. A genetic evaluation software system was developed for German Holstein, Red Dairy Cattle and Jersey breeds based on this multi-parity calving model. Genetic trends of the new model were validated using Interbull trend validation method III. Reasonably high genetic correlations were obtained between Germany and major dairy countries in a MACE test evaluation. SNP effects were estimated for German Holstein using EuroGenomics genotypes and the most recent MACE evaluation. In order to determine the optimal residual polygenic variance for each trait, five scenarios of residual polygenic variance, 0%, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20%, were investigated. With the optimal residual polygenic variances, the genomic evaluation model was validated. In April 2012, the multi-parity calving model was officially introduced in Germany for conventional genetic and genomic evaluations of the calving traits.
The Fender Bassman 5F6-A Family of Preamplifier Circuits—A Wave Digital Filter Case Study

The Fender Bassman model 5F6-A was released in 1958 and has become one of the most revered guitar ampliﬁers of all time. It is the progenitor of a long line of related Fender designs in addition to inspiring Marshall’s ﬁrst ampliﬁer design. This paper presents a Wave Digital Filter study of the preampliﬁer circuit of 5F6-A-based ampliﬁers, utilizing recent theoretical advances to enable the simultaneous simulation of its four nonlinear vacuum tube triodes. The Dempwolf triode model is applied along with an iterative Newton solver to calculate the scattering at the 25 port R-type adapter at the root of the WDF tree. Simulation results are compared to “ground truth” SPICE data showing excellent agreement.
Handbook of Physics

Edited by E. U. Condon and Hugh Odishaw New York : McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc. ; London : McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. Pp. xxvi + 1504. Price 194s. This Handbook published in 1958 was revised by the contributors in galley proof in an effort to make it as up to the minute as possible. This was a praiseworthy attempt to overcome the tendency of books on rapidly growing subjects to become out-of-date even while in the press.
Genetic Variability of Stingless Bees Melipona mondury Smith and Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from a Meliponary

The species of stingless bees Melipona mondury Smith and Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier are native to the Atlantic Forest, sensitive to environmental changes and therefore, endangered in several Brazilian states. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of populations of these two species at the meliponary of the Regional University of Blumenau through the use of heterospecific microsatellite primers. We collected one worker from 19 colonies of M. mondury and from 25 colonies of M. quadrifasciata . We found low levels of genetic variability for both species, which may be explained by null alleles, queen philopatry and/or artificial maintenance of hives . Whether natural populations of these species are presenting low genetic variability they might be endangered.
Stories in the Rock: A Design Case of an Explorable Image Viewer in a Natural History Museum

This design case explores the affordances of gigapixel image technology for science communication and learning in museum settings through the iterative development of an explorable image viewer to engage visitors in an archaeological exhibit. We reflect on the series of user studies, prototype iterations, and design decisions taken to optimize navigation, annotation and exploration in this zoomable user interface. We highlight a set of design precedents, interaction frameworks, and content structuring approaches, while detailing the development of a media rich digital annotation strategy to augment interpretation, commentary, and conversation about a petroglyph site. Through this work, we highlight the unique affordances of multiscalar image platforms to scaffold disciplinary observation and engagement with scientific content.
Fabrication of micro end mills by wire EDM and some micro cutting tests

Extremely fine end mills with noncircular cross-sectional profiles have been fabricated utilizing wire electro discharge machining. By using suitable electro discharging conditions, the geometrical error of the end mill and the roundness of the cutting edge were both controlled below 1 µm. Micro grooving tests were performed on electroless nickel plating using these end mills, and the machining behavior was investigated. Nearly burr-free precision machining was realized. Until a total cutting distance of 1000 mm, no remarkable change was found in the cutting force and chip formation, demonstrating the high anti-wear ability of the tools. It can be presumed that the electro discharge-induced micro asperities on the tool surface play an important role in machining by improving the tribological properties of the tool–workpiece interface.
A Statistical Approach to English-Persian Machine Translation

Machine Translation has successfully be en used for translation between many language pairs contributin g to its popularity in recent years. It has however not been used for the English/Persian language pair. This paper presents the first such attempt and describes the problems faced in cr eating a corpus and building a base line system. Our experie nce with the construction of a parallel corpus during this o ngoing study and the problems encountered especially with the pr ocess of alignment are discussed in this paper. The prototyp e constructed and its evaluation using the BiLingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) is briefly described and results are analyzed. In the final part of the paper, conclusio ns are drawn and work planned for the future is discussed.
Calculated and observed climate change in the thermosphere, and a prediction for solar cycle 24

The long‐term change of thermospheric neutral density has been investigated using satellite drag measurements and through sensitivity studies using upper atmosphere general circulation models. The magnitude of the change has been quantified in both approaches, and the source of the secular change attributed to the concentration changes of greenhouse gases. In this study, we use CO2 concentration measured at Mauna Loa Observatory and solar variation based on a proxy model to calculate the secular change of thermosphere neutral density for the last three decades, using a global mean upper atmosphere model. Our results show that the average density decrease at 400 km from 1970 to 2000 is 1.7% per decade. To quantify the impact of solar activity on the secular change of neutral density, we also calculated the long‐term density change under solar minimum and solar maximum conditions for the same time period. The average trends at 350 km and 450 km are 2.2% per decade and 2.9% per decade for solar minimum conditions, while at solar maximum, they are 0.7% per decade and 0.8% per decade, respectively. These model results are compared to estimates of thermosphere density change derived from satellite drag observations, showing good agreement. In addition, based on a recent forecast of the intensity of solar cycle 24, we predict that the long‐term change of thermospheric neutral density from 2006 to the end of solar cycle 24 will be ∼2.7% per decade at 400 km.