Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

This article presents a low-cost and area-efficient 28-GHz CMOS phased-array beamformer chip for 5G millimeter-wave dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) systems. A neutralized bi-directional technique is introduced in this work to reduce the chip area significantly. With the proposed technique, completely the same circuit chain is shared between the transmitter and receiver. To further minimize the area, an active bi-directional vector-summing phase shifter is also introduced. Area-efficient and high-resolution active phase shifting could be realized in both TX and RX modes. In measurement, the achieved saturated output power for the TX-mode beamformer is 15.1 dBm. The RX-mode noise figure is 4.2 dB at 28 GHz. To evaluate the over-the-air performance, 16 H+16 V sub-array modules are implemented in this work. Each of the sub-array modules consists of four 4 H+4 V chips. Two sub-array modules in this work are capable of scanning the beam from −50° to +50°. A saturated EIRP of 45.6 dBm is realized by 32 TX-mode beamformers. Within 1-m distance, a maximum SC-mode data rate of 15 Gb/s and the 5G new radio downlink packets transmission in 256-QAM could be supported by the module. A $2\times 2$ DP-MIMO communication is also demonstrated with two 5G new radio 64-QAM uplink streams. Thanks to the proposed area-efficient bi-directional technique, the required core area for a single element-beamformer is only 0.58 mm2. Compact and low-cost 5G millimeter-wave MIMO systems could be realized.
Design of Highly Uniform Three Dimensional Spherical Magnetic Field Coils for Atomic Sensors

In this paper, three dimensional spherical magnetic field coils are proposed and optimized for atomic sensors that require highly uniform magnetic field coils within a limited volume. The design objective of the uniform coil is transformed into a nonlinear optimization model with constraints, which is solved by combining with the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Compared with the traditional cylindrical tri-axial magnetic field coil system whose volume is limited by the aspect ratio of the coil structure, the three dimensional spherical coils not only effectively reduce the volume but also provide consistent magnetic field performance in the three coordinate axis directions. It is of great significance to the miniaturization of atomic sensors. The theoretical calculation shows that the uniformity of spherical coil is improved by about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared with the Lee-Whiting coil and the saddle coil. The measurements show that the magnetic field uniformity of our design reached <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5\times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> along the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis within a range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 0.25{R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The actual magnetic field distribution is basically consistent with the theory. However, due to the limited processing and experimental conditions, the actual magnetic field uniformity is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the theory.
A Kernel Design Approach to Improve Kernel Subspace Identification

Subspace identification methods, such as canonical variate analysis (CVA), are noniterative tools suitable for the state-space modeling of multi-input, multi-output processes, e.g., industrial processes, using input–output data. To learn nonlinear system behavior, kernel subspace techniques are commonly used. However, the issue of kernel design must be given more attention because the type of kernel can influence the kind of nonlinearities that the model can capture. In this article, a new kernel design is proposed for CVA-based identification, which is a mixture of a global and local kernel to enhance generalization ability and includes a mechanism to vary the influence of each process variable into the model response. During validation, model hyper-parameters were tuned using random search. The overall method is called feature-relevant mixed kernel CVA (FR-MKCVA). Using an evaporator case study, the trained FR-MKCVA models show a better fit to observed data than those of single-kernel CVA, linear CVA, and neural net models under both interpolation and extrapolation scenarios. This work provides a basis for future exploration of deep and diverse kernel designs for system identification.
Learned Full-Sampling Reconstruction From Incomplete Data

Sparse-view and limited-angle Computed Tomography (CT) are very challenging problems in real applications. Due to the high ill-posedness, both analytical and iterative reconstruction methods may present distortions and artifacts for such incomplete data problems. In this work, we propose a novel reconstruction model to jointly reconstruct a high-quality image and its corresponding high-resolution projection data. The model is built up by deploying regularization on both CT image and projection data, as well as by introducing a novel full-sampling condition to fuse information from both domains. Inspired by the success of deep learning methods in imaging, we utilize the convolutional neural networks to embed and learn both the interrelationship between raw data and reconstructed images and prior information such as regularization, which is implemented in an end-to-end training process. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms both variational and popular learning-based reconstruction methods for the sparse-view and limited-angle CT problems.
Exploration of fungicides, bio-agents and botanicals against leaf blight of okra incited by Alternaria chlamydospora.

Leaf blight incited by Alternaria chlamydospora Mouchacca was found to be major disease of okra under agro climatic conditions of Konkan region of Maharashtra. During the present study, eight fungicides, seven plant extracts and four fungal bioagents were evaluated in vitro to test their efficacy in inhibiting the growth of A chlamydospora Mouchacca. Among the fungicides, Hexaconazole (0.1%), Mancozeb (0.2%), Carbendazim (0.1%) and Copper hydroxide (0.05%) were the most effective causing 100 per cent inhibition of the test fungus followed by Propiconazole (0.1%), Thiophanate methyl (0.1%), Difencpnazole (0.1%) and Copper oxychloride (0.3%) with 76.29, 67.77, 66.66 and 62.22 per cent inhibition over control, respectively. Among the plant extracts tested, bulb extract of Allium sativum and leaf extract of Azadirachta indica recorded maximum inhibition (74.44 % and 70.74%, respectively over control). All the fungal bioagents tested were found effective in inhibiting the growth of test pathogen.
SNPs in the 5' terminal-region of IGFBP6 gene and its linkage with pig body size

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) is a key factor in regulating the effects of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) on the animal growth and development, but the mechanism is far from known. In this study, the 5'-terminal sequence of the IGFBP6 gene (from −920 to −1 bp) which may regulate gene expression was sequenced in the Bama mini-pigs, the Tibetan mini-pigs, the Landrace pigs, the Large White pigs and the Northeast wild boars to screen for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyze the relations with the body size traits of swine through a chi-square test analysis. The genotype frequencies of the SNPs in the 5'-terminal sequence have shown that c. -726C > T, c. -722T > C, c. -535C > A, c. -488T > C, c. -403A > G, and c. -378T > C may be related to the dwarf traits of the Bama mini-pig and the Tibetan mini-pigs (P < .05). A haplotype analysis of the 5'-terminal sequence of the IGFBP6 gene in the Landrace pigs, the Large White pigs and the Northeast wild boars found the two SNPs at −403 nt and −378 nt were in linkage and formed three kinds of haplotypes; AT was the dominant haplotype and the haplotype block was not formed in the Bama mini-pigs and Tibetan mini-pigs. Above all, the SNPs and haplotypes of the 5'-terminal sequence of the IGFBP6 gene may be involved in the regulation of swine body size.
Under Test Filtered-OFDM And UFMC 5g Waveform Using Cellular Network

In this study, filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) and universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) were proposed for complexity reduction in the 5G waveform. Cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP_OFDM) is well suited for 4G; however, the major problem of the 4G modulation methods is their susceptibility to high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Another problem of OFDM is the issue of sideband leakage. The existing 4G systems mainly depend on the CP_OFDM waveform, which cannot support the host of applications provided by the 5G platform. 5G-generated traffic is likely to exhibit different features and requirements compared to the existing wireless technology. Consequently, investigations have been devoted to other multiple access schemes. The existing limitations of OFDM can be mitigated by using the UFMC technique. To ensure that the demands and requirements of the upcoming 5G cellular networks are satisfied, this study presents an enabler called filtered-OFDM (f-OFDM) for flexible waveform configurations. Contrarily, the assigned bandwidth in the f-OFDM is split into various sub-bands to accommodate different services in each sub-band using the most suited waveform, thereby enhancing the spectrum utilization using a different filter. Additionally, the advantages of F-OFDM and UFMC were portrayed via a wide comparison with the current 5G waveforms.
Nutritional and sensory properties of amala supplemented with distiller's spent grain (DSG)

The effect of distiller’s spent grain supplementation on the nutritional and sensory properties of amala, a popular traditional thick paste of yam (Dioscorea alata or D. rotundata) consumed with preferred soup, was investigated. Pre-treated distiller’s spent grain was used to replace 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% of yam flour as a protein and dietary fibre supplement. Processing of the flour blends to amala significantly (p≤0.05) increased its fat, total sugar, starch and total content of dispensable and indispensable amino acids while the ash content was slightly reduced. Addition of distiller’s spent grain to the flour blends quantitatively and qualitatively increased the protein content of the amala products. Quantitatively, the protein content increased from 6.86% for 100% yam to 14.69% for 65% yam:35% distiller’s spent grain, with a mean of 10.77%. Qualitatively, the tryptophan content increased from 0.08 g/100 g sample for 90% yam:10% distiller’s spent grain to 0.14 g/100 g sample for 65% yam:35% distiller’s spent grain. The methionine content increased from 0.09 g/100 g sample for 95% yam:5% distiller’s spent grain to 0.25 g/100 g sample for 65% yam: 35% distiller’s spent grain. The insoluble dietary fibre content of the amala products increased while the soluble dietary fibre content was reduced as distiller’s spent grain increased in the blends. The mean insoluble dietary fibre content of the amala products was 9.17% with a range from 7.56% (100% yam) to 11.54% (65% yam:35% distiller’s spent grain). The mean soluble dietary fibre content was 0.75% with a range from 0.62% (65% yam:35% distiller’s spent grain) to 0.85% (100% yam). However, sensory evaluation indicated that amala from 5%, 10% and 15% distiller’s spent grain substitution levels was well accepted and compared favourably with that of whole yam flour.
Dimension reduction of thermo-fluid mechanisms in irradiated particle-laden turbulence

Dimensional analysis provides fundamental understanding of a physical system through the detailed examination of its units. The underlying principle of the approach is based on the notion of similarity, which postulates that relationships between physical quantities do not vary if the measurement units are changed. This central result implies that simpler small-scale experiments can be utilized to study larger-scale phenomena. In addition, one major advantage is that dimensional analysis typically yields a smaller number of independent dimensionless variables than the original measured quantities. Hence, the dimensionality of the system is reduced, and as a result fewer experiments are needed to characterize its response, i.e., quantity of interest (QoI), to a set of inputs.
Mathematical modeling of the spatio-temporal dynamics of aphid-parasitoid-plant-virus interactions.

Focus will be on the evolution of population dynamics and disease transmission during the summer, when aphid populations reach peak densities. Individuals will move randomly or via chemotaxis on a 2-dimensional domain representing one or more plants. Aphids are assumed to have constant birth and natural mortality rates and can also suffer mortality from being parasitized. Each aphid will have a probability of transmitting disease to plants and will either be winged or wingless.
A Novel Z-Type Modular Multilevel Converter With Capacitor Voltage Self-Balancing for Grid-Tied Applications

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been proven to be an effective solution for grid-tied applications with medium/high voltage ratings. The MMC contains a large amount of floating capacitors, which require the voltage balancing control. The voltage balancing control complexity is normally increased with the number of floating capacitors. As a result, the computation burden of the controller as well as the corresponding hardware cost will be high. This article proposed a novel Z-type MMC, which can achieve capacitor voltage self-balancing without any balancing control. Therefore, the overall control of the converter is significantly simplified. Both mathematical analysis and experimental results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Relationship between Opportunities for Professional Development and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Affective Well-Being and Moderating Role of Task-Contingent Conscientiousness

: In extant literature, considerable research has focused on the provoking effect of unfavorable work situations on counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) (i.e., abusive supervision → trigger CWB). Adopting the perspective of positive organizational scholarship and drawing on affective event theory (AET), this study examined the inhibitory effect of perceptions of favorable work situation on counterproductive work behaviors (i.e., uplifts affective events→ affective well-being → inhibit CWB). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 65 middle school teachers in China who completed daily diary method surveys over 15 consecutive working days, and got within-individual observations (level 1, N = 975) were nested at the between-individual observations (level 2, N = 65). Results suggested that, (1) Opportunities for professional development were negatively related to CWB, (2) Affective well-being was negatively related to CWB, and (3) Affective well-being partially mediated the relationship between opportunities for professional development and CWB. Further, (4) Task-contingent conscientiousness negatively moderated the negative relationship between affective well-being and CWB. In the end, we discuss the implications of the findings for both theory and practice.
Expansion of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals based on generalized multiple Fourier series

The article is devoted to expansions of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1-4 on the base of the method of generalized multiple Fourier series. We prove the mean-square convergence of expansions in the case of Legendre polynomials as well as in the case of trigonometric functions. The considered expansions contain only one passage to the limit in contrast to its existing analogues. This property is very convenient for the mean-square approximation of iterated stochastic integrals. It is well-known that a prospective approach to numerical solving of Itô stochastic differential equations being adequate mathematical models of dynamical systems of various physical nature is one based on stochastic analogue of Taylor formula for the solutions to these equations. The iterated stochastic Stratonovich integrals are parts of so-called Taylor-Stratonovich expansion being one of the aforementioned stochastic analogues of Taylor formula. This is why the results of the paper can be applied to constructing strong numerical methods of convergence orders 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 for Itô stochastic differential equations. The method of generalized multiple Fourier series does not require a partitioning of the integration interval for iterated stochastic Stratonovich integrals. This feature is essential since the mentioned integration interval is small playing a role of the integration step in numerical methods for Itô stochastic differential equations.
Effects of Macroprudential Policy: Evidence from Over 6,000 Estimates

This paper builds a novel database on the effects of macroprudential policy drawing from 58 empirical studies, comprising over 6,000 results on a wide range of instruments and outcome variables. It encompasses information on statistical significance, standardized magnitudes, and other characteristics of the estimates. Using meta-analysis techniques, the paper estimates average effects to find i) statistically significant effects on credit, but with considerable heterogeneity across instruments; ii) weaker and more imprecise effects on house prices; iii) quantitatively stronger effects in emerging markets and among studies using micro-level data; and iii) statistically significant evidence of leakages and spillovers. Other findings include relatively stronger impacts for tightening than loosening actions and negative effects on economic activity in the near term.
Chemical changes in powdered infant formulas during storage

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furosine (FUR), lactulose (LU), lysine loss, ascorbic acid and colour ( Δ E) were determined in powdered infant formulas stored under nitrogen and oxygen conditions at 20 ° C and 55 ° CC during 15, 30 and 90 days. The indicators of the assay at 20 ° C showed similar behaviour in nitrogen or oxygen atmospheres. Changes in furosine and lysine loss after 90 days occurred under oxygen. Storage at 55 ° C produced considerable browning. Browning was always greater in nitrogen than in oxygen. Most of the studied parameters increased with the storage time and are useful in controlling the extent of browning in powdered infant formulas under adverse storage conditions.
Visualization and Analysis of Digital Light-Sheet Microscopy

The movement of cells during embryonic development is an important part of understanding how tissues and organs function in complex organisms. The nerves within nervous system are examples of structures that depend on cell migrations in early development. Early neurological development of zebrafish, mice, and humans includes the migration of facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs), an identifiable group of motor neurons that migrate tangentially in mammals and fishes, from their origin in the rhombomere (r4) of the zebrafish hindbrain to their final destination. There are many unanswered questions about the movement of the first FBMN, the pioneer neuron, that may be answered with computational analysis of light-sheet microscopy imaging. Light-sheet microscopy is the only modality that images the entire organism at cellular resolution in three-dimensions, for the time-span over which migration occurs. Visualization and analysis of the light-sheet data will be facilitated by the use of Diderot, a new parallel domain-specific language.
Healthcare workers & SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: A case-control investigation in the time of COVID-19

Background & objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an elevated risk of contracting COVID-19. While intense occupational exposure associated with aerosol-generating procedures underlines the necessity of using personal protective equipment (PPE) by HCWs, high-transmission efficiency of the causative agent [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] could also lead to infections beyond such settings. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a repurposed antimalarial drug, was empirically recommended as prophylaxis by the National COVID-19 Task Force in India to cover such added risk. Against this background, the current investigation was carried out to identify the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in the country. Methods: A case-control design was adopted and participants were randomly drawn from the countrywide COVID-19 testing data portal maintained by the ICMR. The test results and contact details of HCWs, diagnosed as positive (cases) or negative (controls) for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), were available from this database. A 20-item brief-questionnaire elicited information on place of work, procedures conducted and use of PPE. Results: Compared to controls, cases were slightly older (34.7 vs. 33.5 yr) and had more males (58 vs. 50%). In multivariate analyses, HCWs performing endotracheal intubation had higher odds of being SARS-CoV-2 infected [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-16.07]. Consumption of four or more maintenance doses of HCQ was associated with a significant decline in the odds of getting infected (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.88); a dose-response relationship existed between frequency of exposure to HCQ and such reductions (χ[2] for trend=48.88; P <0.001). In addition, the use of PPE was independently associated with the reduction in odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interpretations & conclusions: Until results of clinical trials for HCQ prophylaxis become available, this study provides actionable information for policymakers to protect HCWs at the forefront of COVID-19 response. The public health message of sustained intake of HCQ prophylaxis as well as appropriate PPE use need to be considered in conjunction with risk homoeostasis operating at individual levels.
Effect of sowing density and nitrogen top-dress fertilisation on growth and yield of chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) in a Mediterranean environment: first results

The demand for sources of nutraceuticals has led to the rediscovery and diffusion of traditional crops such as chia ( Salvia hispanica L.), whose leaves and fruits are rich in W3 fatty acids and anti-oxidants. Chia originates in Central America but it is rapidly expanding to new areas. A field experiment conducted at Atella in Basilicata (Southern Italy) was set up to test the response of chia to N top-dress fertilisation (0 and 20 kg ha –1 ) and to sowing density (D1=125, D2=25, D3=8 and D4=4 plants m –2 ) in a split-plot design with three replications. First results show maximum leaf area index values up to 7.1 and fresh vegetative biomass production at early flowering ranging between 50.87 (D4) and 59.71 (D1) t ha –1 . Yield increased with plant density: a significantly (P<0.01) higher production (398 kg ha –1 ) was reached in D1. N top-dressing had a detrimental effect on yield and corresponded to higher lodging and lower maturation percentage of seeds, though non-significant. Based on our first results it seems worthwhile to continue agronomical trials for chia in herbaceous systems of southern Italy for leaf production based on traditional genotypes, while fruit production might be pursued by adopting high sowing density and the search for longer-day genotypes.