Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact de traitements antibiotiques sur la flore digestive du porcelet : Etude in vivo et développement d'une approche en système de fermentation in vitro

Dans le contexte de l'antibioresistance, l'objet de ce doctorat vise a evaluer l'impact d'antibiotiques sur le microbiote intestinal de porcelets. La colistine et le ceftiofur, pour lesquels les resistances incluent essentiellement et respectivement mutations chromosomiques et genes plasmidiques, ont ete utilises. La colistine a significativement reduit la population des enterobacteries, mais aucun E. coli resistant n'a ete detecte. L'administration de ceftiofur a eu un impact limite sur les populations bacteriennes composant l'ecosysteme digestif mais a conduit a une forte selection et a la diffusion d'un gene plasmidique codant pour une beta-lactamase a spectre etendu. Puis, dans le cadre de la reglementation visant a diminuer l'experimentation animale, un modele in vitro colique porcin, nomme PigutIVM, a ete mis au point afin de simuler l'environnement digestif du porcelet et a permis de confirmer, in vitro, l'effet observe in vivo de la colistine sur le microbiote. Cet outil a ensuite ete utilise pour evaluer l'impact d'un probiotique, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, comme alternative aux antibiotiques. Le modele PigutIVM devrait se positionner comme un outil de prediction pertinent dans les domaines d'investigation aussi bien nutritionnels que pharmacologiques.
Estimating death rates from transect counts

Abstract. 1 The time course of abundance of adult insects emerging in discrete generations is modelled, assuming the absence of net migration and a constant death rate. The time till emergence is assumed to be logistically distributed. 2 The qualitative features of the model depend on one dimensionless parameter only, namely the product of the death rate and a dispersion measure for the symmetric emergence distribution. 3 The model is fitted to data on the abundance of five butterfly species. The tit is excellent; moreover, the estimated death rates are well within the range given in the literature (mostly 0.1–0.2 day‐1). Death rates are generally obtained by mark‐recapture methods. The present model gives the opportunity to evaluate some assumptions of these methods.
Identification of an Amino Acid Defining the Distinct Properties of Murine β1 and β3 Subunit‐Containing GABAA Receptors

Abstract: Murine γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A homomeric receptors made of β1 subunits are profoundly different, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, from β3 homomeric receptors. Application of the intravenous general anesthetic pentobarbital, etomidate, or propofol to β3 homomeric receptors allows current flow. In contrast, β1 homomers do not respond to any of these agents. Through construction of chimeric β1/β3 receptors, we identified a single amino acid that determines the pharmacological difference between the two β subunits. When the serine residue present in the wild‐type nonresponsive β1 subunit is replaced by an asparagine found in the same position in the β3 subunit, the resulting point‐mutated β1S265N forms receptors responsive to intravenous general anesthetics, like the wild‐type β3 subunits. Conversely, after mutation of the wild‐type β3 to β3N265S, the homomeric receptor loses its ability to respond to these same general anesthetics. Wild‐type‐to‐mutant titration experiments showed that the nonresponsive phenotype is dominant: A single nonresponsive residue within a pentameric receptor is sufficient to render the receptor nonresponsive. In α1βx or α1βxγ2 heteromeric receptors, the same residue manifests as a partial determinant of the degree of potentiation of the GABA‐induced current by some general anesthetics. The location of this amino acid at the extracellular end of the second transmembrane segment, its influence in both homomeric and heteromeric receptor function, and its dominant behavior suggest that this residue of the β subunit is involved in an allosteric modulation of the receptor.
Phytase Activity of Plant Roots

Experiments were conducted to study the phytase activity of pea, gram, wheat, and barley plant roots grown under sterile and unsterile conditions. The results indicate substantial phytase activity of the plant roots studied. The substrate concentration appeared to affect the activity. Plants grown under sterile condi tions exhibited less phytase activity as compared with plants grown in rich garden soil.
Identification of Gender in Yellow Perch by External Morphology: Validation in Four Geographic Strains and Effects of Estradiol

Abstract External morphological criteria that enable the rapid determination of gender have been developed for Yellow Perch Perca flavescens. Criteria are based upon (1) shape of the urogenital papilla (UGP), (2) size of the UGP relative to the anal (AN) opening, and (3) coloration of the UGP. In females, the UGP appeared (1) rounded at the anterior margin, (2) pointed at the posterior margin and had a V or U shape (crescent shaped in mature animals), (3) generally lacked reddish coloration, and (4) narrower relative to the AN. In males, the UGP (1) appeared circular or oval around the entire margin, (2) typically displayed reddish coloration, and (3) was generally wider relative to the AN. To verify accuracy of these criteria, gender was verified internally in perch of various sizes, sex, and maturity from four domesticated geographic strains (n = 1,389). For all perch tested, accuracy was 97.3% for both sexes, 98.8% for females, and 95.9% for males. To experimentally verify accuracy of these criteria, j.
Track counts as indices to abundances of arboreal rodents.

Counting tracks to obtain an index of abundance for species difficult to capture offers a promise of efficiency and effectiveness when broad surveys of populations are necessary. Sand plots, smoked kymograph paper, and, recently, smoked aluminum plates have been used to record tracks (Raphael et al., 1986; Taylor and Raphael, 1988). Findings of studies of carnivores conducted by using smoked-aluminum track-plates suggest the technique might prove useful for study of arboreal rodents, especially northern flying squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus (Raphael et al., 1986). Raphael et al. (1986) reported patterns of abundance of flying squirrels based on track-plate surveys and recommended track plates for that purpose. We tried unsuccessfully to calibrate a track index to densities of flying squirrels and Townsend’s chipmunks ( Tamias townsendii ), as determined by live trapping, and abundance of Douglas’ squirrels ( Tamiasciurus douglasii ), as determined from point counts of calls. Although the techniques are not directly comparable, rank orders of abundance derived from live trapping and point counts (direct observations of individual animals) can be contrasted with rank orders derived from track counts (observation of sign). We report those results here. We placed 12 track stations, 100 m apart, in each of 25 stands west and northwest of Roseburg, Douglas Co., Oregon, in the Coast Ranges between 26 June and 28 August 1985. Fifteen stands were old-growth Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), 220-525 years old; five stands were mature, 80-120 years old; and five were young, 40-70 years old. Each track station consisted of two adjoining 0.8- by 0.4-m sheets of 1.0-mm-thick aluminum covered with a thin film of soot from a kerosene torch. We used cans of tuna-flavored cat food as bait; a can was placed in the center of
Passive PT -symmetric couplers without complex optical potentials

Yi-Chan Lee,1 Jibing Liu,2, 3 You-Lin Chuang,2 Min-Hsiu Hsieh,4 and Ray-Kuang Lee1, 2, 5 Physics Department, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China Centre for Quantum Computation & Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Science, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan∗
Computational models of sprouting angiogenesis and cell migration: towards multiscale mechanochemical models of angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, the formation of new bloods vessels from the existing vasculature, is a process that is essential during development and regeneration of tissues, and that plays a major role in diseases like cancer. Computational models have been designed to obtain a better under- standing of the mechanisms behind angiogenesis. In this paper we review computational models of sprouting angiogenesis. These models can be subdivided into three categories: models that mainly focus on tip cell migration, models that make a distinction between the role of tip cells and stalk cells, and models that consider cell shape dynamics. Many models combine discrete modeling of individual cells with continuous modeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and diffusing solutes, in this way resulting in a hybrid model. We discuss their merits in unraveling the role of certain factors for vascular network formation, such as the role of (chemotactic, haptotactic, contact) guid- ance cues in the dynamics and morphology of vascular network formation, and the role of cell-cell interactions that govern tip cell selection and phenotypic changes in general. At the same time, we identify a need for the inclusion of cell mechanical principles in models of angiogenesis, in partic- ular for the description of cell migration, cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction, as the generation of cellular forces is key to cell migration. To further underline this we review models of single cell migration that incorporate such principles, which could be the starting point for formulating novel models of angiogenesis that respect the fundamental laws of classical mechanics at the cell level. As the generation of cellular forces is strongly mediated by pro-angiogenic signals, such models must couple cell mechanical principles to molecular signaling into multiscale mechanochemical models of angiogenesis. Finally, a tight coupling between models and experiments will be re- quired to facilitate model improvements and the generation of novel insights on the regulation of angiogenesis.
Double egg‐deposition in the European pond turtle, emys orbicularis, from central Italy

Abstract The reproductive condition of Emys orbicularis females (presence or absence of oviductal eggs) was studied by palpation and radiography in a coastal population of central Italy (Tuscany). Forty‐nine females were recaptured at least twice during the reproductive period in 1997; 15 of them were found without eggs, 29 reproduced at least once, and 5 reproduced twice. The period of egg retention was estimated to be three to four weeks, and the time between two depositions about 34 days (n = 5). Despite the small sample of females reproducing twice, there is a significant tendency regarding a positive correlation between frequency of reproduction and female body size, within the study population. Reproductive females were bigger than females found without eggs; in addition, carapace length increased significantly in females found zero, one and two times with eggs. A comparison with preliminary data from northern populations of E. orbicularis, lead to the hypothesis that the annual clutch frequency cou.
Vascular Biology, Atherosclerosis and Endothelium Biology Caveolin-1 (cid:2) and -1 (cid:3) Perform Nonredundant Roles in Early Vertebrate Development

Caveolins are integral membrane proteins that localize predominantly to lipid rafts, where they oligomer-ize to form flask-shaped organelles termed caveolae and play important roles in membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and other cellular processes. To investigate potential roles for caveolin-1 ( cav-1 ) in development, cav-1 (cid:2) and -1 (cid:3) cDNAs were functionally characterized in the zebrafish. Cav-1 (cid:2) and -1 (cid:3) mRNAs exhibited overlapping but distinct expression patterns throughout embryogenesis. Targeted depletion of either Cav-1 isoform, using antisense morpholino oligomers, resulted in a substantial loss of caveolae and dramatic neural, eye, and somite defects by 12 hours after fertilization, the time at which mRNA levels of both isoforms substantially increased in wild-type animals. Morphant phenotypes were rescued by injection of homotypic ( cav-1 (cid:2) /cav-1 (cid:2) ) but not heterotypic ( cav-1 (cid:2) /cav-1 (cid:3) ) zebrafish and human cav-1 cRNAs, revealing nonredundant and evolutionarily conserved functions for the individual Cav-1 isoforms
Lichomolgus longicauda (Claus, 1860), Copepod parasite of Sepia, in the North Sea

Lichomolgus longicauda (CLAUS, 1860), is recorded from the gills of Sepia officinalis, captured on 5 different occasions in the North Sea and the Dutch Waddensea. This means a northward extension of the range of this species of more than 8 degrees of latitude. Figures of the parasite have been provided, and the literature bearing on the species has been reviewed.
Deacidification of High Malate Must With Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Trials were conducted to reduce the acidity in high malate Vignoles must using Schizosaccharomyces pombe (G2) and EC-1118 yeast strains, alone and in combination. The Schiz. pombe G2 strain metabolized nearly all of the malic acid but the resulting wines had higher levels of ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde when compared with EC-1118 fermented must. Although no obvious off odor was detected, the judges found the Schiz. pombe and EC-1118 fermented wines to be different.
The relationship between piscivory and growth of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in headwater lakes of the Canadian Shield

We used data from a survey of 36 headwater lakes of the Canadian Shield to investigate the relationship between piscivory and growth, abundance, and longevity of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The occurrence of northern pike (Esox lucius) and walleye (Sander vitreus) explained variations in the abundance of both white sucker and yellow perch, suggesting strong predation-induced mortality. The longevity of both species tended to be negatively related to increased piscivory. White sucker grew better and had a better condition in lakes with piscivores. Yellow perch showed only small among-lake differences in growth and condition. The superior competitive ability of white sucker over yellow perch could explain why yellow perch did not show improved growth or longevity where population densities were low in lakes with piscivores and white sucker. Furthermore, yellow perch growth was inversely related to the biomass of piscivorous fish in their first year of life. Stom.
Response of the South China Sea upper layer circulation to monsoon anomalies during 1997/1998 El Niño event

One of the strongest El Niño events on record took place in the tropical Pacific in 1997–1998, causing remarkable changes in monsoon systems over the South China Sea (SCS) basin. This would induce prominent anomalies in the SCS upper layer circulation. The monsoon anomalies and the response of the upper layer circulation over the SCS during the 1997–1998 El Niño event are examined through data analysis and ocean numerical modeling, respectively. The winter monsoon and summer monsoon show southerly wind anomalies and northeasterly wind anomalies respectively during 1997/98 El Niño event, which was a reversal of the climatology. In contrast to climatology, the weakening of the winter monsoon does not change the upper layer circulation pattern, but causes a prominent change in the strength of the western boundary current. Corresponding to the anomalies of the summer monsoon, the upper layer circulation shows changes not only in magnitude, but also in structure from the climatology. The changes of the structure lie in the bifurcation of the western boundary current.
Growth and survival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Karluk Lake and River, Alaska, in relation to climatic and oceanic regimes and indices, 1922-2000.

Fish stocks and fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska are strongly influenced by climatic and oceanic (C-O) conditions (Francis and Hare, 1994; Hare and Francis, 1995). In the past century C-O conditions in the North Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Alaska (GOA) have shifted from a warm regime and higher salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) production (1927–46) to a cool regime and low salmon production (1947–76) and back to a warm regime and higher salmon production (1977–2000) (Francis and Hare, 1994; Hare and Francis, 1995). Changes in C-O conditions, either annually or over longer regime periods, may affect salmon smolt-to-adult survival rates by affecting the growth rate of smolts after they enter the ocean. For example, higher survival rates of Alaska sockeye (O. nerka), pink (O. gorbuscha), and chum (O. keta) salmon have been associated with warmer coastal sea-surface temperatures (SST) during the first year that young salmon spend in the ocean (Mueter et al., 2002a). Relationships have been found between faster early marine growth and higher survival in chum salmon (Healey, 1982), pink salmon (Moss et al., 2005), and coho salmon (O. kisutch) (Beamish and Mahnken, 2001). The influence of CO indices and regime shifts in the GOA on the survival of south central Alaska sockeye salmon has yet to be specifically linked to changes in marine growth rates of fish. If marine growth influences sockeye salmon survival, then relating marine growth to specific C-O indices over an extended time period would provide insight into environmental factors leading to variation in year-class strength. Although direct information on fish growth (e.g., growth rates of smolts and postsmolts at standard times and locations) is not available, measurements from archived scales can be used to indirectly estimate the freshwater and marine growth rates of age 2.21 sockeye salmon that Growth and survival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Karluk Lake and River, Alaska, in relation to climatic and oceanic regimes and indices, 1922–2000
Tidal currents and mixing in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: an application of the incremental approach to data assimilation

Tidal heights from 19 tide gauges around the Gulf of St. Lawrence are assimilated into a fully nonlinear, three-dimensional model using the incremental approach to data assimilation. The predicted sea level fields are realistic and agree with the assimilated tidal heights to within about 0.05 m at the M2 tidal frequency. The model also predicts tidal currents with useful skill. The prediction error at the M2 tidal frequency is typically less than 0.05 m·s1. The maps of predicted tidal currents are used to identify regions of mixed and stratified water in the Gulf of St. Lawrence using a version of the SimpsonHunter stability parameter, E. Overall, the map of E is in good agreement with a direct measure of water column stability based on observed density profiles.
Isozyme genetic similarity among rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars

SUMMARY The genetic structure of six rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars bred as forage cultivars was investigated by means of nine isozyme loci. The isozyme systemselectrophoretically studied were glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; phosphoglucose mutase; phosphoglucose isomerase; acid phosphatase; malic dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Alleles present and their frequencies were very similar in all cultivars; thus genetic distances between cultivars ranged from 0·000 to 0·005. Likewise, a general excess of homozygotic plants compared with the expected number was observed in cultivars. The genetic structure of these populations is closely similar to other rye cultivars, bred for grain production, which were previously analysed.
Isolation and Identification of Defense Responsive Genes in Wheat During Incompatible Interaction with Bipolaris sorokiniana (Cochliobolus sativus) using SSH Technique

During the initial phase of host pathogen interaction, induction of defense genes is very critical for the incompatible interactions. In order to isolate the defense responsive genes during interaction of wheat with spot blotch fungus, Bipolaris sorokiniana, suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) technique was used. Four hundred and eighty clones were obtained from cDNA subtraction library and out of these 36% (172) were of high quality which were sequence analysed using n BLAST from NCBI database. Forty nine differentially expressed clones were obtained which were classified into seven classes based on their putative functions. Twelve clones were classified as plant defense responsive genes based on their putative functions observed in NCBI database. Clone SSH_Wh 135 matched with putative puroindoline b proteins from Triticum aestivum which are encoded by puroindoline gene (pin B gene). This gene contains tryptophan rich hydrophobic domain, which is responsible for grain hardness and also has antimicrobial properties having lipid binding sites.
A New Cleaner Goby of the Genus Elacatinus (Teleostei: Gobiidae), From Trindade Island, Off Brazil

Elacatinus pridisi n. sp. , a cleaner goby from Trindade Island, off Brazil, differs from its congeners of the Horsti Complex that have a pale stripe extending from the eye to the caudal fin base by the following combination of characters: dark longitudinal stripe wide, reaching lower abdomen and base of anal fin (vs. never reaching lower abdomen or base of anal fin in all other species); pectoralfin rays typically 18 (vs. typically 17 in E. randalli (B hlke & Robins) and E. figaro Sazima et al. and typically 16 in E. atronasum (B hlke & Robins)); anal-fin rays typically 11 (vs. typically 10 in E. figaro); a pale oval spot present on snout (vs. no spot in E. atronasum and E. horsti (B hlke & Robins), a "V"-shaped spot in E. prochilos (B hlke & Robins), and a medial bar in E. xanthiprora (B hlke & Robins), E. louisae (B hlke & Robins) and E. lori Colin). The new species was recorded in depths ranging from 3 to 30 m, over rocky reefs and calcareous-algae banks around the island. It has been observed in cleaning activities during the day with clients varying from large-sized carnivores such as Carcharhinus perezi (Poey) to small-sized planktivores such as Chromis multilineata (Guichenot). The discovery of the new species reinforces recognition of the Trindade-Martin Vaz insular complex as an area of endemism in the Atlantic Ocean.