Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abundance of mycophagous arthropods present on different species of fungi in relation to resource abundance at different spatial scales

The abundance of Coleoptera, Diptera and Collembola on different species of fungi was investigated in relation to the size and abundance of fungal resources at different spatial scales; i.e., the size of the fungal fruiting body, the quality of resource in terms of number of conspecific sporophores growing within a radius of 50 cm, crowding of the clumps of fruiting bodies, and the quality of resource within a plot (20 m × 30 m). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the influential spatial scale varied among the arthropod orders. The amount of resource at the scale of a clump made a significant contribution to the abundance of Coleoptera, and the fruiting body size significantly affected the abundance of Diptera on each fungal species. Collembolan abundance was sig- nificantly affected by the crowding of the clumps of fruiting bodies and the number of fruiting bodies per plot. These results suggest that the spatial distribution of fungal fruiting bodies may determine whether they are selected by arthropods visited.
Responses to supplementation by dairy cows given low pasture allowances in different seasons 1. Pasture intake and substitution

Two factorial experiments were designed to determine the effects of stage of lactation, and season of the year, on cow responses to supplementary feeding. These experiments were conducted over consecutive years with 128 high genetic merit multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in early, mid and late lactation in spring, summer, autumn and winter. At each stage of lactation, and in each season of the year, cows were offered a restricted pasture allowance (25 to 35 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day), either unsupplemented (control) or supplemented with 50 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per cow per day in experiment 1 and 80 MJ ME per cow per day in experiment 2. Two different supplements were offered, namely, rolled maize grain (MG) and a mixture of foods (BR) formulated to nutritionally balance the diet. In experiment 2, a fourth treatment consisting solely of a generous pasture allowance (60 to 75 kg DM per cow per day, AP) was introduced. Offering MG and BR increased DM intake (DMI). At the restricted pasture allowance, increasing total ME allowance (MEA) by offering supplementary foods increased ME intake (MEI) by 0·68 (s.e. 0·047) MJ per extra MJ ME offered. This highly significant ( P , 0·001) linear relationship was consistent across seasons, and did not diminish at higher MEA. In experiment 2, cows in early lactation had lower substitution rates than mid and late lactation cows irrespective of season. Substitution rate was higher when higher pasture allowance or quality of pasture on offer enabled the unsupplemented cows to achieve higher DMI from pasture than at other times of the year. These results suggest that one of the key factors determining the intake response to supplementary foods is pasture allowance. Within spring calving dairying systems, the largest increases in total DMI per kg of supplement offered is likely when offering supplements to early lactation cows grazing restricted allowances of high quality pasture.
REYNOLDS NUMBER ESTIMATION OF ROTAMETER BASED ON K-EPSILON MODEL

Measurement of fluid flow with the aid of a floating element (rotameter) is a simple method used to measure the velocity of the fluid with a better degree of accuracy. However, there is still a tendency for turbulence flow around the floating element (annular area) due to narrowing of the flow area and the geometry shape of the floating element that can reduce the level of the rotameter accuracy. Single phase turbulent flow through rotameter was estimated using k -epsilon turbulence model. Detailed study has been performed to investigate the influence of turbulence characteristics from the Reynolds Number ( ) as a benchmark for predicting the level of turbulence. The results showed that at the velocity of 800 l/h the level is arounds 450, which show that the fluid flow on the rotameter categorized as turbulence
Performance and Growth of Large Firms in China

This study examines the impacts of several factors, such as internal capital markets, technology transfer via FDI, and in-house R&D activities on the performance and growth of firms using data gathered from the top 200 companies in China during the period 1998-2003. A finance company, as an affiliate in the business group, is used as proxy for the internal capital market. The foreign joint venture firms and in-house research center are used as proxies for technology transfer and for the existence of in-house R&D activities, respectively. This paper finds that having foreign joint ventures is positively correlated with the firms’ growth but not with the financial and market performance of firms. In contrast, doing in-house R&D activities is positively correlated with the financial and market performances, as well as the growth of firms.
Physicians Behavioral Approach on Health Informatics Procedure: Hypothetical Perspectives

This paper presents the critical review of the literature starting from a Global Perspective of Health Informatics, the Health Informatics situations in Kenya, factors Influencing Health Informatics Adoption, Health Informatics Privacy and Security, Biometric Feature in Wireless Body Area Network. The paper also addresses Health Informatics Ethical Issues, ethical concern with Information Technology Performance, health Workers Personality Traits, theoretical models, comparison of Theories used in this Research. Ethical issues Associated with Adoption of Health Information System and then the Conceptual Model.
Detailed optical behavior of the 2000 outburst of the eclipsing recurrent nova CI Aquilae

The 2000 outburst of the recurrent nova CI Aql was followed by optical photometry and spectroscopy. Our time-resolved photometry revealed its intraday variations during the outburst. The orbital modulation of the light curve appeared after entering the plateau stage. We found that primary eclipses were0:6 mag in depth, but the prole of the eclipse was signicantly dierent from that in the quiescent phase. The folded orbital light curve was represented by a wide wing of a primary eclipse and it suggests the existence of the accretion disk at the plateau stage. In this outburst, we obtained accurate determination of several minima of primary eclipses, and found that the timings of minima showed a substantial delay compared to the previously reported ephemeris. However, no signicant evidence of a change in the orbital period was observed since the discovery of the eclipsing nature of this object. We examined the evolution of optical spectra through the outburst, which reconrmed the nova nature of this object. A spectrum taken on 2000 October 10 showed the H in emission and indicated that the object had not yet reached quiescence. The overall light curve and late-stage spectroscopy have revealed that the plateau is the longest one among recurrent novae.
The relationship between the characteristics of innovation towards the effectiveness of ICT in Malaysia Productivity Corporation

This study aims to investigate the relationship of innovation characteristics and demographic factors on the effectiveness of information and communication technology (ICT) utilization in Malaysian Productivity Corporation (MPC). The specific objective of this study is to understand the relationship between innovation characteristics and demographic factors in influencing the level of innovation adoption and which factors are most dominant in influencing the effectiveness of ICT. Using purposive sampling, a total of 210 respondents was selected consisting of MPC headquarters and 5 MPC branches throughout Malaysia. Data and information were collected using questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using Pearson correlation statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between innovation characteristics such as relative advantages, compatibility, complexity, observability and triability with the effectiveness of ICT in MPC. Observability has been identified as the major factor with the effectiveness of ICT in MPC with variants of 49%. The results of the analysis also proved that there is no significant difference between demographic factors with the effectiveness of ICT. The result also showed that age and level of academic is not a factor affecting the use of ICT in MPC. This has been proven by the findings of this study that the majority of respondents used ICT between 5 to 7 hours a day and 131 respondents has over 9 years of experience using computer at MPC. This finding suggests that innovation characteristics influenced the acceptance of innovation and will be the determinants of quality in an organization. Keywords: Innovation characteristic, ICT in public sector, effectiveness of ICT, diffusion of innovation, innovation.
New measurements of phytoplankton aggregation in a flocculator using videography and image analysis

D~atorn aggregation can increase the sedimentdtion rate of the Intense pulses of carbon formed durlng d ~ a t o m blooms. Laboratory studies of aggregation dynarn~cs have been troubled by the unavoidable d~sruption of aggregates in laboratory flocculators due to subsampl~ng and electronic par t~cle countlng Aggregate disruption prcvcnts accurate measurement of aggregation rate and makes observat~on of part~cle structure impossible. This led us to develop a new non-disruptive method to quantify diatom aggregation using high-resolut~on video and image analysis. The system easily resol\~ed cells of Chaetoceros neogracile 6 to 8 pm in diameter, and facilitated observations of aggregate morphology. C. neogracile made either ball-like or net-like aggregates depending on culture denslty and physiological state. Only the net-llke aggregates reached a substantial slze ( > l mm). A Silimlted batch culture expenment indicated that stickiness of C. neogracile increased significantly with increas~ng severity of nutrient limitation. T h ~ s increase was not detectable by the subsampling and electronic particle counting method. It is likely that spine formation, cell-surface bound sugars, and transparent exopolymer particles all played d role in determining aggregate structure and changes in stickiness. The stickiness calculation model assumes cultures are initially suspensions of single cells which form doublets as they aggregate. This assumption was tested by comparing mean particle size in a culture with the percentage of cells in aggregates a s determined using nearest neighbor distances, allowing us to assess the mean number of cells per aggregate. C. neograc~le commonly formed aggregates contaming anywhere between 2 and 10 cells showing that model assumptions can be violated under normal experimental conditions. A larger field of view was necessary to estimate the larger particle sizes typlcal of coastal diatom blooms. K E Y WORDS Aggregation Adhesion . Video Image analysis Dlatom Chaetoceros neogracile
Toxic effects of copper sulphate pentahydrate on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of freshwater fish Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) tissues

Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) is commonly used as a general biocide in the agricultural fields surrounding freshwater reservoirs. So the aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of CuSO4.5H2O by examining oxidative damage markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) for lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzymatic defense system components (glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)) in freshwater fish Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) liver, kidney and gill. In this purpose, the 96 h LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of CuSO4.5H2O for C. umbla was estimated as a 1.478 mg/L. Three different CuSO4.5H2O sublethal doses (0.185, 0.370 and 0.739 mg/L) were administered to C. umbla at different time intervals (12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Liver, kidney and gills samples were collected at the end of the experiment, and analysed for their oxidant–antioxidant status, including MDA level, GR, G6PD, SOD, CAT and GPx activities. Results obtained showed that CuSO4.5H2O, significantly decreased (P<0.05) the GR, G6PD and GPx activities, but increased (P<0.05) the CAT, SOD activities and MDA levels of C. umbla liver, kidney and gill tissue in a dose-dependent manner. However, CuSO4.5H2O exposure did not cause to changes significantly (P<0.05) in enzyme activities and MDA levels of C. umbla liver, kidney and gill tissue in a time-dependent manner.
Changes in Species Composition in Alder Swamp Forest Following Forest Dieback

It is generally hypothesized that forest dieback is a characteristic of alder swamp forests (alder carrs, Alnion glutinosae alliance). Different internal and external factors may trigger this process, including human disturbance, changes in river discharge, unusually severe and prolonged flooding, terminal age of an even-aged alder forest (ca. 100–150 years) and others. Although forest dieback in this type of forest may cause major changes in environmental conditions, the influence of this change on the floristic composition has not been well recognized. The study aimed to detect any possible changes in floristic variation in alder swamp forest following forest dieback. Vegetation plots in alder swamp forests affected by forest dieback were resurveyed 20 years after a previous study. PERMANOVA was used to test the significance of the compositional change and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) with passively fitted means of the Ellenberg’s Indicator Values were used to interpret its ecological meaning. In addition, different structural and diversity indices were compared, including species richness, percentage cover of vegetation layers, Shannon and Simpson diversity and evenness. Finally, we analyzed changes in the frequency of vascular plant species using Chi square tests. We recorded clear and significant compositional changes following alder swamp forest dieback. This change was most related to the gradient of moisture, followed by the gradients of light and temperature. The analysis of the individual species showed that the species of hummocks declined, while the species of hollows increased. Moreover, the current communities are dominated by some hydrophytes that were not recorded 20 years ago. Forest dieback resulted in profound changes in the hydrological regime. The observed changes are consistent with a model of cyclic succession as proposed for alder swamps. In addition, we conclude that the natural forest dynamics have to be taken into consideration while interpreting the results of re-survey studies.
The Role of Streamflow and Land Use in Limiting Oversummer Survival of Juvenile Steelhead in California Streams

Abstract Increasing human pressures on freshwater resources have led to global declines in fish populations and have made the protection of instream flows critical to the conservation of riverine ecosystems. However, uncertainty in predicting ecological responses to flow variability has hindered implementation of successful environmental flow management. An improved understanding of the relationships between streamflows and Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. population persistence is particularly needed in semiarid regions such as California, where streamflows during the dry season are highly variable and increasingly threatened by withdrawals to meet human water demands. To examine the effects of summer low flows on a threatened salmonid species, we analyzed 9 years of count data for juvenile steelhead O. mykiss from nine stream reaches in four coastal California watersheds. We used a Bayesian modeling framework to examine the relative influences of streamflow, land use, and habitat quality on juvenile ste.
Is it really all about money? A study on incentives in elite team sports

ABSTRACT Research question: A key task for sports managers of elite sports clubs is to create an ideal environment that enables athletes to perform at their best. Therefore, we investigate the relationship among monetary incentives, organizational support, and athletic performance in elite team sports. Research methods: This study is the first in sports management to calculate the relative effects of non-monetary incentives of organizational support and monetary incentives on individual performance through job satisfaction. Furthermore, we apply an innovative measurement approach of player performance by using individual performance ratings of coaches. We collect questionnaires from 315 athletes and 34 coaches of 19 professional football, ice hockey, and handball clubs in Germany. Results and findings: Two variables of organizational support – namely, integration of family and private problem support – show strong positive effects on athletes’ job satisfaction. Whereas prior studies have focused mainly on monetary incentives, this study reveals a strong relevance of organizational support. Furthermore, the results confirm a strong relationship between player satisfaction and individual performance. Implications: Sports managers need to recognize the relevance of non-monetary incentives of organizational support and integrate them into their management repertoire to improve job satisfaction and, consequently, facilitate top performance of their players. Further research should focus on the effects of non-monetary incentives and other aspects of organizational support. In addition, researchers should use individual performance ratings of coaches, rather than other measures, to evaluate player performance because of their expertise and superior background information.
Five concepts of religion

In the face of continuing debate about the adequacy and definition of the concept of ‘religion’, this paper argues that it is necessary for the social sciences to become more self-critical about their various – and changing – uses of the term. As this paper shows, three main uses are currently dominant: religion as belief/meaning, religion as identity, and religion as structured social relations. By contrast, some uses which were once important are currently recessive, including Marxist approaches to religion as ideology, and Parsonian conceptions of religion as norms and values. Some new uses are also emerging, including ‘material’ religion, religion as discourse, and religion as practice. Drawing these together, the paper proposes a taxonomy of five main major uses of the term. It reflects on their adequacy, and points out where there are still occlusions: above all with regard to ‘super-social’ or ‘meta-social’ relations with non-human or quasi-human beings, forces and powers.
Multiwavelength Observations of GX 339–4 in 1996. I. Daily Light Curves and X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

As part of our multiwavelength campaign of GX 339-4 observations in 1996, we present our radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations made in July, when the source was in a hard state (=soft X-ray low state). The radio observations were made at the time when there was a possible radio jet. We show that the radio spectrum was flat and significantly variable and that the radio spectral shape and amplitude at this time were not anomalous for this source. Daily light curves from our pointed observation on July 9-23 using the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO), from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on CGRO, and from the All-Sky Monitor on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) also show that there was no significant change in the X-ray and gamma-ray flux or hardness during the time when the possible radio jet-like feature was seen. The higher energy portion of our pointed RXTE observation made on July 26 can be equally well fitted using simple power law times exponential (PLE) and Sunyaev-Titarchuk (ST) functions. An additional soft component is required, as well as a broad emission feature centered on ~6.4 keV. This may be an iron line that is broadened by orbital Doppler motions and/or scattering off a hot medium. Its equivalent width is ~600 eV. Our simplistic continuum fitting does not require an extra reflection component. Both a PLE and an ST model also fit our OSSE spectrum on its own. Although the observations are not quite simultaneous, combining the RXTE and CGRO spectra we find that the PLE model easily fits the joint spectrum. However, the ST model drops off too rapidly with increasing energies to give an acceptable joint fit.
W band power amplifier development for the Herschel HIFI instrument

This paper summarizes the development of W Band amplifiers for the Local Oscillator (LO) chains for the Herschel HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infrared) Instrument. Key amplifier development issues and their solutions are presented, which have been applied on the way to realizing stable, wide-band amplifiers capable of producing 240 mW or greater RF power output across the 71 to 106 GHz frequency range. The HIFI power amplifier design embodiment is based on an A-40 silicon-aluminum alloy package with six GaAs(Gallium Arsenide) HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistors) MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) amplifier chips used in each amplifier. Development challenges addressed include: MMIC chip designs which initially had a variety of oscillation or "moding" propensities (mostly out-fo-band), signal splitter and combiner development and matching across the band, matching of chip characteristics for those chips installed in the parallel power combined arms of the amplifier, power output control and leveling. The chosen design solutions are presented, including device, component and material selection for amplifier operation at cryogenic temperatures. Room temperature and cryogenic (120 Kelvin) data is also shown for the amplifier.
Multi-level forces and differential effects affecting birth cohorts that stimulate mobility change*

ABSTRACT This paper presents a dynamic model at three levels to understand changing mobility trends at the population level. A multi-level framework is proposed that enables existing research and analysis to be considered in a more holistic sense. This framework assists in identifying predictions and transition pathways for different birth cohorts, particularly as they reach older age. This has the aim of bringing about a greater understanding of the socio-demographic influence on mobility trends, with a focus on the cultural transitions that affect birth cohorts differently in terms of their travel behaviour. The framework presented here captures the multi-level forces and structural effects that impact mobility. The paper examines how these forces and effects interact at different levels to influence the changing mobility of birth cohorts at different points in time. Examining the simultaneous operation of these levels is of conceptual importance to assist in the interpretation of mobility trends, as well as understanding future mobility implications, of future generations.
Transformation of wave height distribution

Earlier models of random wave transformation are reviewed in the first section. Then the transformation of waves, including dissipation due to breaking and bottom friction, is described by an energy flux balance model. The wave height pdf of all waves (broken and unbroken) is shown by the field data to be well described by the Rayleigh distribution everywhere. The observed distributions of breaking and broken wave heights are fitted to simple analytical forms, and breaking wave dissipation is calculated by using a periodic bore formulation. The energy flux equation is integrated to yield local values of Hrms as a function of offshore wave conditions. Both analytical and numerical models are developed. In the last section the models are compared with results from random wave experiments in the laboratory and from an extensive set of field measurements.