Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Suitability of Subirrigation for Field Crops in the U.S. Midwest

HighlightsA fuzzy rating system was created based on published criteria for subirrigation suitability.Maps showing potential suitability for subirrigation were created for the U.S. Midwest.78,500 km2 across the U.S. Midwest is potentially suitability for subirrigation.Maps identify potential subirrigation locations pending onsite assessment.Abstract. Subirrigation through subsurface tile drains has potential to increase crop yields and improve water quality in tile-drained landscapes, but it has not been widely implemented. Identifying locations with high potential suitability for subirrigation may help the planning and implementation of this practice. In this study, we developed a fuzzy rating system for subirrigation suitability using the Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database (gSSURGO). Maps of the fuzzy rating system identified locations of high potential suitability for subirrigation and highlighted physiographic regions highly conducive to the practice. We identified 78,500 km2, about 9%, of agricultural land in the Midwest with high potential suitability for subirrigation where onsite investigation may be targeted. The largest areas of high potential suitability were found in Minnesota, Illinois, and Indiana. Results from the fuzzy rating analysis are provided to the public through three channels: a downloadable data repository, map service, and web map tool. Ultimately, this study can facilitate the adoption of subirrigation by highlighting areas where subirrigation may potentially be a viable practice. Keywords: Controlled drainage, Fuzzy rating, Geographic information system (GIS), Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database (gSSURGO), Midwestern U.S., Subirrigation.
Assessment of the learning styles of students at the Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad and Tobago and identification of teaching methods used by instructors

Assessment of the Learning Styles of Students at the Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad and Tobago and Identification of Teaching Methods used by Instructors Cynthia Marie Burskey An issue in higher education is to create a learning environment that is both positive and effective. With teaching methods that take into account all the learning styles within the classroom, a teacher can make the atmosphere of the classroom more conducive to learning. This study sought to determine if the teachers at the Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad and Tobago (ECIAF) were using instructional methods that facilitated learning in their students. A two-phase study was utilized. Phase I used a descriptive survey to determine the learning styles of 36 first-year students at ECIAF. Phase II used qualitative research methods to determine the teaching styles used by teachers at ECIAF. The teachers at ECIAF were found to teach to the majority of the learning styles of the students at ECIAF.
Multivariate Multiscale Entropy: An Approach to Estimating Vigilance of Driver

Various driver’s vigilance estimation techniques currently exist in literature. But none of them detects the vigilance of driver in complexity domain. As a result, we have proposed the recently introduced multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) method to ﬁll this research gap. In this research, we have applied the MMSE technique to diﬀerential entropy features of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) signals for detecting vigilance of driver in complexity domain. The MMSE has also been employed to PERCLOS (Percentage of Eye Closure) values to analyse cognitive states (awake, tired and drowsy) in complexity domain. The contribution of this research is to show how a new feature called MMSE can eﬃciently classify the awake, tired and drowsy state of the driver in complexity domain. Another contribution is to demonstrate the distinguishing ability of the MMSE by validating it with applying multivariate sample entropy feature of cognitive states to support vector machine (SVM). The experimental MMSE analysis curves show statistically signiﬁcant diﬀerences (p < 0.01) in terms of complexity among brain EEG signals, forehead EEG signals and EOG signals. Moreover, the diﬀerence in the multivariate sample entropy across all scales in awake (1.0828 ± 0.4664), tired (0.7841 ± 0.3183) and drowsy (0.2938 ± 0.1664) states are statistically signiﬁcant (p <0.01). Also, the SVM, a machine learning technique, has discriminated the cognitive states with the promising classiﬁcation accuracy of 76.2%. As a result, the MMSE analysis of cognitive states can be implemented practically for vigilance detection by building a programmable vigilance detection system.
Single-phase thirteen-level dual-boost inverter based shunt active power filter control using resonant and fuzzy logic controllers

This paper address the power quality improvement of a single-phase utility grid using Thirteen-Level Dual-Boost Inverter (TLDBI) — Shunt Active Filter (SAF). The TLDBI uses a single DC source of low voltage magnitude and five switched capacitor arrangement to achieve self-balanced thirteen level output voltages. Moreover, the charging and voltage balancing of capacitor is achieved by proper switching sequence control in a series, through which boosted inverter output voltage levels are obtained. Compare with the tradional H-bridge Multilevel inverters (MLIs), all the elements in the proposed TLDBI are able to withstand a voltage stress which is equal to the input dc source. This feature ensures the performance of the proposed TLDBI in high-frequency applications. The power at the electrical grid is highly affected by wide range of non-linear loads. The proposed SAF is used to measuring and controlling the current flow from source to load. The difference between the targeted and actual currents from the utility grid is measured by using the modified Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory. The estimated error current is used by the controllers to predict the optimum suitable switching angle and Modulation Index (MI) to the TLDBI-SAF. In this work, the traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Proportional Resonant Controller (PRC) are compared and the results are presented to validate the performance of SAF. The stability and robustness of the proposed controller is evaluated using Bode, Root locus, and Nyquist plots. The modeling and analysis of the proposed system are done using MATLAB/Simulink environments. The simulation results are presented in the various MI of TLDBI and also subjected to non-linear load conditions. The results are also compared to the claim novelty of the proposed work.
Role of Nerve Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Objective: To assess role of ultrasound (US) in diagnosis and follow up of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)patients.Method: We prospectively recruited 24 GBS patients and 40 healthy controls. Cross-sectional areas (CSAs)measured by nerve US and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed within the first week of diseaseonset and repeated after follow up period about 3 months.Results: Nerve CSAs were significantly enlarged in most of examined peripheral nerves when assessed atdisease onset compared to controls. However, no significant difference could be found when compared withfollow up measures.Conclusion: US measurement of CSA of the peripheral nerves could be a reliable non-invasive imagingmodality helps in diagnosis of GBS.
A broad-range survey of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in small mammals in Sino-Burmese border area, Yunnan Province, China

Background: Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato which is usually found in wild and domestic mammals worldwide. In China, Human cases of B. burgdorferi infections have been identified in a wide distribution, but little direct surveillance of potential rodent reservoirs has been performed in Yunnan Province, the tropical region, Sino-Burmese border area, southwestern China. Here we report a thoroughly investigation of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in small mammals collected in 2011 to 2016 in the region.Methods: A nested PCR was done for the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer gene of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The PCR-positive amplicons were directly sequenced. Sequence analysis was carried out using a FASTA search on the Genbank database, with phylogenetic trees constructed using MEGA software, version 6.06. Statistical Analysis were conducted using SPSS.version 17.0. Results: Totally 57 species, 3659 mammals were captured at 159 sample sites located in 23 counties in Yunnan Province. Thirty species, 146 (3.99%) mammals were tested positive for B. bourgdorferi s.l . by nested PCR based on 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer gene. 20 species mammals were first reported infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. Sequence analysis revealed that five genotypes of B. burgdorferi s.l. were detected, including B. afzelii , B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. japonica , B. garinii and B. valaisiana.Conclusions: Significant differences in prevalence rates of B. bourgdorferi s.l were observed at varying landscape types and altitudes. Small mammals in forested areas had higher prevalence rates than other landscape types as did small mammals found at altitudes greater than 2500 meters. The 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer gene revealed that there were five genotypes of B. burgdorferi s.l. detected, indicating high genetic diversity within this province.
Features of the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-(carboxyphenyl)chromones

Flavonoids and their derivatives have historically been a source of therapeutic agents. Every year, more and more data is published on new flavonoid compounds, both synthetic and isolated from natural sources, and their innumerable physiological and pharmacological activities. This review presents synthetic routes towards 3-(carboxyphenyl)chromones and evaluation of their biological activity as published in both journal and patent literature. We have focused specifically on the 3-(carboxyphenyl)chromones, because while methods of synthesis and biological activity of 2(3)-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted chromones are well studied, literature data on isoflavones containing a carboxyl, ester, or amide group in ring B is scarce and fragmentary. The presented generalization of synthetic strategies and biological activity of 3-(carboxyphenyl)chromone derivatives demonstrates that this class of compounds can be targeted for discovery of new drugs and can be readily prepared owing to recent advances in synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry.
Towards More Convenient Livable City: Research on the Suburban Dweller Space Using Behavior Through Spatiotemporal Big Data

Under the background of the rapid urbanization, suburbs have become the forefront of urban living space. Compared with the dwellers in the city center, the daily behavior characteristics of suburban dwellers are more varied due to the commuting distance and employment opportunities. Thus, if the city governor only based on the socio-economic or population density index to allocate the public resources, it might result waste. In here, we attempt to discuss the approach to reduce this kind of waste through dynamic behavior perspectives. Based on the above, Shenyang (the provincial capital city which located in the Northeast of China) was selected as a sample. The research collected LBS (Location Based Service) big data of 24 hours for seven consecutive days. Based on ST-DBSCAN clustering algorithm, the movement trajectories and stop points of 818 suburban dwellers in southern suburbs were recognized. Then, the activity type of each stop point was identified with time-space threshold method, including working behavior, residential behavior, non-work behavior outside home. Afterwards, based on the time rhythm characteristics of working and residential behaviors ， the dwellers were divided in four types of daily activity patterns: Normal-time-rhythm group, Early-time-restricted-rhythm group Late-time–restricted-rhythm group, Dual-time-restricted-rhythm group. Based on the classification, the spatio-temporal distribution of the daily space of the residents during the weekdays and weekends are measured, the methods of geo-visualization and analysis of variance are applied to compare the differences in the daily activity space of different groups. The result indicated that the time constraints indeed affect the spatio-temporal distribution of non-working behaviors outside home in different ways, which further affects the use of city and community functional space. The finding focus on the different demands of groups of different lifestyles, providing a certain reference for the facilities time management and optimization of public facilities configuration policy.
FOCUS :H YDROGEN EXCHANGE AND COVALENT MODIFICATION Solvent Accessibility of Protein Surfaces by Amide H/ 2 H Exchange MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

One advantage of detecting amide H/ 2 H exchange by mass spectrometry instead of NMR is that the more rapidly exchanging surface amides are still detectable. In this study, we present quench-flow amide H/ 2 H exchange experiments to probe how rapidly the surfaces of two different proteins exchange. We compared the amide H/ 2 H exchange behavior of thrombin, a globular protein, and IB, a nonglobular protein, to explore any differences in the determinants of amide H/ 2 H exchange rates for each class of protein. The rates of exchange of only a few of the surface amides were as rapid as the “intrinsic” exchange rates measured for amides in unstructured peptides. Most of the surface amides exchanged at a slower rate, despite the fact that they were not seen to be hydrogen bonded to another protein group in the crystal structure. To elucidate the influence of the surface environment on amide H/ 2 H exchange, we compared exchange data with the number of amides participating in hydrogen bonds with other protein groups and with the solvent accessible surface area. The best correlation with amide H/ 2 H exchange was found with the total solvent accessible surface area, including side chains. In the case of the globular protein, the correlation was modest, whereas it was well correlated for the nonglobular protein. The nonglobular protein also showed a correlation between amide exchange and hydrogen bonding. These data suggest that other factors, such as complex dynamic behavior and surface burial, may alter the expected exchange rates in globular proteins more than in nonglobular proteins where all of the residues are near the surface. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006, 17, 1490 –1497) © 2006 American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Integrated cavity output spectroscopy and its application in terms of trace gas detection

Integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) is a technique used for high sensitive measurement of absorption spectra. In this paper，we introduced the principle of ICOS measurement technology. By analyzing the theory of ICOS technology to effectively absorb the increase of optical path length, get the relationship of the specular reflectance and the selection for the length of cavity to the stability of cavity and detection sensitivity in the designing of experimental facility. We introduced the application of ICOS technology in atmospheric monitoring, medical testing, and industrial process and so on, summed up the role of wavelength modulation and off-axis incidence combined with ICOS on noise suppression. We summed up the advantages and disadvantages of ICOS technology in trace gas detection. At the end of the paper, the trend of ICOS technology was analyzed.
The effect of an intervention on youth’s knowledge and awareness of filter bubbles

Online filter bubbles are the result of the fact that the online news that we dislike or disagree with is filtered out, this can narrow what we know (Fletcher, 2020). In this study, the implications thereof for democracies are discussed, making use of the concept of digital citizenship. The study investigates if an intervention with the goal of increasing youth’s knowledge and awareness of online filter bubbles and strategies to influence these filter bubbles was effective. Specific emphasis was placed on how filter bubbles influence news diversity online. The sample consists of second grade students (13-14 years) from a Dutch secondary school. Pre-and post-test questionnaires ( N =15) measured youth’s knowledge, awareness, strategy knowledge and strategy usage related to online filter bubbles. Interviews ( n =6) were held to get more in-depth insight, especially into the awareness of students of online filter bubbles. The results showed that knowledge of filter bubbles increased ( t (14) = 1.96, p = . 070). Students had clear ideas about their own online news consumption and showed high awareness of their own filter bubble and of the pros and cons of filtered news. However, their own internet behaviour as mentioned in the interviews contradicted this awareness. Different explanations for this contradiction, based on other research, are discussed.
Role of school as a supportive entity for positive oral health behavior among adolescents in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria

Background The school is primed as an avenue for promoting health among adolescents. Conversely, the high unmet dental needs among school-going adolescents raises concern about the role of schools in this task. This study therefore assessed the role of schools in supporting positive oral health behavior of adolescents in a major city in a Low-Income-Country. Methods From 30 secondary schools that were randomly selected, 2097 students aged 12–18 years were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data was obtained through the use of self-administered questionnaire to the students; this assessed oral health education and other oral health promotional activities that had taken place in the school from the students as well as their motivation to participate in school oral health programme. A checklist was used to assess availability of oral health promotional materials in the schools and the schools’ tuck shops for sale of healthy food. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Results The only oral health promotional activity reported in the schools was oral health education conducted in 8 (26.7%) schools and only 331 (15.8%) students had been educated about their oral health. There were no oral health promotional materials in the schools. About half, 1161 (55.4%) students were motivated to participate in school oral health program. All the tuck shops had cariogenic foods and drinks for sale. Students from schools where oral health education had been conducted were better motivated to participate in school oral health program (OR = 1.6,95%CI = 1.2-2.0,p < 0.001) but disagreed with restriction of sales of cariogenic food in school’s stuck shops (OR = 2.2,95%CI = 1.6-3.0,p < 0.001). Conclusion The schools surveyed played very little or no role to support positive oral health behavior of adolescents. Students who had been exposed to oral health education in school were better motivated about their oral health.
Calculation of conformational free energies by confinement simulations in explicit water with implicit desolvation

Abstract The confinement method is a robust and conceptually simple free energy simulation method that allows the calculation of conformational free energy differences between highly dissimilar states. Application of the method to explicitly solvated systems requires a multi-stage simulation protocol for the calculation of desolvation free energies. Here we show that these desolvation free energies can be readily obtained from an implicit treatment, which is simpler and less costly. The accuracy and robustness of this protocol was shown by the calculation of conformational free energy differences of a series of explicitly solvated test systems. Given the accuracy and ease by which these free energy differences were obtained, the confinement method is promising for the treatment of conformational changes in large and complex systems.
“As a Person, There is Nothing Else I Would Rather Have Studied”: A Phenomenological Exploration of the Impact of the Humanities on Whole-Person Development

The content covered within humanities courses is intrinsically personal, and the pursuit of a degree from this school of study requires deep contemplation, as well as the ability to convey those thoughts in meaningful text. This study explored the impact that pursuing a degree within the humanities (English, history, philosophy, etc.) has on an undergraduate 2"#$&7"/2 A96<&-person development. The areas of development identified include intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development. This study implemented a phenomenological design with an interview-based data collection process. The ten participants in this research were Senior undergraduate students studying English and history; the questions posed in their individual interviews remained open-ended as to provide them the opportunity to respond as authentically as possible. The qualitative data collected from this study revealed several themes that emerged as shared experiences among the participants, as well as shared perceptions of their personal growth and development by way of their majors; these themes point to the existence of whole-person development as those of both intellectual/analytical and social/emotional natures emerged. The results of this study further reveal the importance of humanities degrees for producing thoughtful, reflective, and competent graduates from an undergraduate
Gallstone Ileus after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy

An attack of gallstone ileus observed in a 60-year-old female patient is reported. In this patient who previously had been cholecystectomized, instant extraction of giant residual gallstones was unsuccessful despite a large endoscopic sphincterotomy. Three days later, she developed colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. At laparotomy nine days after the endoscopic procedure an impacted gallstone measuring 3.5 cm in diameter was removed from the the jejunum, some 50 cm below the ligament of Treitz. This observation demonstrates an unusual complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy and clearly outlines that very large stones can, after an initial delay, pass into the duodenum despite an apparently "unsuccessful" sphincterotomy.