Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A compact coaxial cusped periodic permanent magnet for a coaxial relativistic Čerenkov generator

A prototype of an integrated coaxial cusped periodic permanent magnet (CPPM) system is put forward and optimized. The guiding magnetic field strength and period of the CPPM are 0.32 T and 30 mm, respectively, and the whole focusing system is 240 mm long, with a maximum diameter of 170 mm and total weight of under 30 kg. Using this focusing system, an oversized Ku-band coaxial relativistic Cerenkov generator is proposed and investigated. Particle-in-cell simulation shows that the microwave with an output power of 830 MW at 15.29 GHz is achieved, yielding a conversion efficiency of 37%. The feasibility of CPPM applications in high power microwave (HPM) generation is confirmed, providing a new technical route for small, lightweight HPM generators.
Unraveling the origin of resistive switching behavior in organolead halide perovskite based memory devices

This study investigates the operation mechanisms of organolead halide perovskite based resistive memory cells and explores the device architectures that could ensure high memory endurance and high fabrication reproducibility. By introducing thin polyethyleneimine (PEI) interfacial layers to separate the direct contact of the perovskite layer with the top and bottom electrodes, thus producing a device structure of ITO/PEI/CH3NH3PbI3/PEI/metal, we achieved endurance cycles of more than 4000 times while maintaining a low operation voltage around 0.25 V. Furthermore, reproducible memory switching behavior was demonstrated among 180 devices fabricated from eight different device batches. To study the memory mechanism, we varied the top electrode (TE) metal materials and found three distinctively different resistive switching characteristics for InGa, Ag, and Al electrodes, respectively. The results suggest that the memory switching originates from a concerted effect of defect motion in the perovskite film and metal ion diffusion from the TE and that the switching mechanism is associated with the substitutionality of the metal ion in the Pb–I cage. For Ag ions with high substitutionality, the memory turn-on is dominated by interface vacancies, whereas for Al ions with low substitutionality, filament formation governs the memory switching.
Molecular Engineering to Boost AIE‐Active Free Radical Photogenerators and Enable High‐Performance Photodynamic Therapy under Hypoxia

The severe hypoxia in solid tumors and the vicious aggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching (ACQ) of conventional photosensitizers (PSs) have limited the application of fluorescence imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), although this therapy has obvious advantages in terms of its precise spatial–temporal control and noninvasive character. PSs featuring type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on free radicals and novel aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics (AIE‐PSs) could offer valuable opportunities to resolve the above problems, but molecular engineering methods are rare in previous reports. Herein, a strategy is proposed for generating stronger intramolecular charge transfer in electron‐rich anion‐π+ AIE‐active luminogens (AIEgens) to help suppress nonradiative internal conversion and to promote radiative and intersystem crossing to boost free radical generation. Systematic and detailed experimental and theoretical calculations prove the proposal herein: the electron‐donating abilities are enhanced in collaborative donors, and the AIE‐PSs exhibit higher performance in near‐infrared fluorescence imaging‐guided cancer PDT in vitro/vivo. This work serves as an important reference for the design of AIE‐active free radical generators to overcome the ACQ and tumor hypoxia challenges in PDT.
Heat strain in children during unstructured outdoor physical activity in a continental summer climate

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the heat strain experienced by children during unstructured physical activity outdoors in a temperate continental summer climate. Eighteen children (7 girls, 12.1 ± 1.7 years) performed up to 4 h of outdoor free-play (duration: 218 ± 33 min; air temperature of 24.5 ± 3.9°C and relative humidity of 66.2 ± 9.2%). Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured pre- and post-free-play, while body core temperature (Tco, ingestible pill) and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated from Tco and HR (scale: 0 (none) to 10 (very high)). Activity levels were categorized as rest, light, moderate, and vigorous based on the metabolic equivalent of task, estimated from video analysis. Most children were euhydrated pre (78%, USG ≤ 1.020), but not post-free-play (28%, USG ≤ 1.020). Mean and peak Tco, HR, and PSI responses were 37.8 ± 0.3°C and 38.4 ± 0.3°C, 133 ± 14 bpm and 180 ± 12 bpm, and 4.7 ± 1.1 (low) and 7.4 ± 1.0 (high), respectively. All children reached peak Tco≥38.0°C, with seven ≥38.5°C, and the highest at 38.9°C. The children spent 58 ± 15% of free-play engaged in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. During free-play, all of the children performed moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, which was associated with pronounced elevations in heat strain.
Deployment of Hydropower in Nepal: Multiple Stakeholders’ Perspectives

Nepal could rely on its huge renewable energy potentials to meet its energy demand sustainably. Also, renewable energy sources are considered by several national policy makers and international organizations as an engine for socio-economic development of the country, which can provide access to electricity to everybody and stimulate economic activity and economic growth. Several efforts were taken by the national government to stimulate deployment of renewable energy electricity generation capacities. However, the country is still not able to cover its energy needs with renewable energy despite decades of efforts for their deployment. The assumption of this research was that uncertainty in energy policy and planning gaps in Nepal are connected with the dominance of a limited number of discourses and ignorance of other voices which might be helpful. Nowadays, evidence exists that a multi-stakeholder and multi-sector perspective is extremely important for sustainable development. We provide evaluation of various perspectives, including technical, social, economic, environmental, and political. We collect empirical data in frames of a comprehensive stakeholders’ process in Nepal. The stakeholders’ preferences are analyzed through various methods of decision support sciences such as multi criteria decision analysis. To fast track hydropower development, the government has classified them into five categories based on their generation capacity. Assessment of each category and their collective comparison on multiperspectives has never been tried. Hence, such an assessment leading towards their prioritization is the objective of the study. It may help to identify a suitable strategy or policy to maximize national benefits. The study carried within the framework of five alternatives (categories) of hydropower schemes and nine different hydropower perspectives applicable in Nepalese context. The scoring method based is on secondary source evidence is applied for assessment. The study ranks medium schemes (25 to 100 MW) as best in Nepalese context.
Approaches to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of deep marine sediment characteristics under the impact of dense water formation events

Dense shelf water cascading and open-ocean convection frequently occurs in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. These intense dense water formation events are capable of supplying large amounts of particulate matter as well as remobilizing and dispersing local sediments and, therefore, are thought to leave an imprint on superficial deposits. Here, we compared the spatial variability of the superficial sediment composition (grain size, organic parameters, and metals) at different scales (from decimetric to kilometric) on the continental slope and rise with the temporal variability linked to the occurrence of intense dense water formation events. The spatial and temporal variability of the geochemical composition of deep sediments was assessed using multivariate and geostatistical analysis. The results indicate that, on the outer reach of the Cap de Creus Canyon, where both processes interact, no clear relation was found between the temporal variability of the superficial sediment and the deep-water formation events, and that the small-scale spatial variability of the sediment is masking the temporal variability. Measurements across the southern slope indicate the presence of a somehow distinct geochemical signature that likely results from the influence of recurrent intense, dense water formation events as well as an unabating bottom trawling activity.
Two miniaturized triple‐band filters based on 900 sector substrate integrated waveguide

Two kinds of triple‐band filters based on 900 sector substrate integrated waveguide (SSIW) are firstly investigated. The resonant frequencies of SSIW are deduced by analogy with a circular SIW cavity. By contrast, SSIW cavity is not only easier to suppress higher‐order modes than the circular SIW cavity, but also easier to cascade multiple cavities. Two kinds of miniaturization filters are realized by using dual‐layer and single‐layer half‐mode structures, respectively. Dual‐layer triple‐band filter is realized by using TM110, TM120, and TM210. The single‐layer triple‐band filter based on half‐mode SSIW is proposed for further miniaturization. It adopts higher order modes (TM110, TM120, and TM310) to achieve triple‐band response. Moreover, it introduces a W‐shaped coupling slotline, which not only makes lower original resonant frequencies, but also increases the coupling strengths. Source and load coupling (S‐L‐C) and CSRR are introduced for improving the selectivity of the proposed two filters. Finally, both filters have been fabricated. The measured results are in line with the simulated ones.
The Effects of Financial and Operational Hedging on Company Value: The Case of Malaysian Multinationals

Abstract This study examines the value effects of financial and operational hedging in a managed floating exchange rate regime with strict limitations on the trading of Malaysian Ringgit for a sample of 109 Malaysian multinationals from 2004–2018. Using Tobin’s Q as a proxy for company value, the two-step system GMM estimation results show that, on average, derivatives hedging creates a value premium range of 7.88–8.21 % in the short-run, and 18.81–19.80 % in the long-run. This value premium emerged both after controlling for non-operational foreign exchange profits (losses), and its two components: transaction and translation profits (losses). In contrast, foreign debt hedging, on average, creates a value discount range of 8.19–8.54 % in the short-run and 12.70–13.12 % in the long-run. No evidence shows value effect for operational hedging though. The positive value effect of derivatives hedging should motivate managers of Malaysian multinationals to hedge foreign currency exposure through derivatives and encourage policymakers to take steps in developing derivatives market and products. However, the negative value effect of foreign debt hedging indicates that it destroys value. This negative effect might reflect two potential causes; higher company risk due to FC debt financing, and improper hedging practices including high costs of hedging in the underdeveloped derivatives market. These potential causes need further empirical evaluations.
Process mining in support of technological readiness level assessment

We develop a framework for assessing technological readiness level using available data on business processes. By constructing a network of actors and linking process steps together it is possible to estimate the complexity of organizational structure, examine the bottlenecks and analyse whether advantages of available technology are fully utilized. Using publicly available data on business event logs we also test an automated process mining procedure and suggest a measurement to link our results to the TRL.
Organisation of instep kicking in young U11 to U20 soccer players

ABSTRACT Aim: The main purpose of the study was to investigate kicking kinematics and performance in young-trained soccer players according to age, playing status, and biological maturity.Methods: Youth male soccer players (N = 105) from five age groups (under-11, under-13, under-15, under-17, and under-20) were evaluated. Four digital video cameras (300 Hz) captured the participants’ lower extremity and ball kinematics during penalty kick trials using dominant limb.Results: It was possible to identify non-linear differences in angular joint kinematics (displacement and velocity) of hip, knee and ankle across age-groups. Kicked ball speed and lower extremity mechanical factors discriminated among under-15 players with distinct status (e.g., ball speed and foot-to-ball speed ratio: starters > non-starters and non-participating substitutes; effect size = 1.05 to 1.49 [large]). Estimated maturity offset was not correlated with performance outputs in any age-group (r = −0.28 to 0.39; P > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that from ages ~10 to 19 years, differences in kicking kinematics and performance vary across time in youth players. Transition phase between under-13 to under-15 appears the most sensible period for powerful instep kick performance development. Kicking speed in youth soccer is discriminated according to player status, but not estimated biological maturity.
Taking Youth Suicide Prevention to the Schools: Pilot Evaluation of School-Based Clinician Outcomes and Perspectives of a Multi-Modal Program Including Post-Training Online Consultations for Management of Ongoing Suicide Risk

School-based youth-specific suicide prevention and early intervention initiatives are presently underdeveloped. The current study conducted a pilot evaluation of a multi-modal suicide prevention training program for school-based social workers, ‘Management of Youth Suicidality Training for Schools’ (MYSTS). The program comprised a two-day workshop and six fortnightly post-workshop webinar online consultations. Participants were 36 social workers (years’ experience M = 11.23, SD = 8.29) employed by the Department of Education in Tasmania, Australia. Outcomes were self-rated confidence, competence, and knowledge of self-harm in young people, and attitudes toward suicide prevention and suicide-related behaviors. Exploratory quantitative results indicated significant improvements with large effect sizes for participants’ self-reported competence (d = 1.33), and confidence (d = 1.29) to identify and respond therapeutically to youth suicidality following the workshop. Confidence remained significantly higher than baseline following the online consultations (d = 0.90). Qualitative analysis of online supervision consultations indicated key themes of accessibility, communication and information sharing, and clinical management. Participants endorsed the MYSTS package as well-presented, with relevant topics, and effective learning activities. This study highlights the need for continued supervisory or implementation support to practitioners following suicide prevention training initiatives and suggests web-based teleconference technology as a feasible strategy for this. Further evaluation of the MYSTS package, including a suitable comparison or control condition, is indicated.
Hidden Markov Model with Markovian emission

Abstract In our paper [A. Nasroallah and K. Elkimakh, HMM with emission process resulting from a special combination of independent Markovian emissions, Monte Carlo Methods Appl. 23 2017, 4, 287–306] we have studied, in a first scenario, the three fundamental hidden Markov problems assuming that, given the hidden process, the observed one selects emissions from a combination of independent Markov chains evolving at the same time. Here, we propose to conduct the same study with a second scenario assuming that given the hidden process, the emission process selects emissions from a combination of independent Markov chain evolving according to their own clock. Three basic numerical examples are studied to show the proper functioning of the iterative algorithm adapted to the proposed model.
Long-Term Variability in Potential Evapotranspiration, Water Availability and Drought under Climate Change Scenarios in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Understanding the hydrological processes of a watershed in response to climate change is vital to the establishment of sustainable environmental management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the variability of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and water availability in the Awash River Basin (ARB) under different climate change scenarios and to relate these with long-term drought occurrences in the area. The PET and water availability of the ARB was estimated during the period of 1995–2009 and two future scenarios (2050s and 2070s). The representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) simulations showed an increase in the monthly mean PET from March to August in the 2050s, and all the months in the 2070s. The study also identified a shortage of net water availability in the majority of the months investigated and the occurrence of mild to extreme drought in about 40–50% of the analysed years at the three study locations (Holetta, Koka Dam, and Metehara). The decrease in water availability and an increase in PET, combined with population growth, will aggravate the drought occurrence and food insecurity in the ARB. Therefore, integrated watershed management systems and rehabilitation of forests, as well as water bodies, should be addressed in the ARB to mitigate climate change and water shortage in the area.
A new biological method to control Anobium punctatum, by using the parasitoid wasp Spathius exarator

Biological pest control by means of beneficial organisms is for long part of agriculture and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). A new and efficient strategy to control the most common timber pest species in churches and museums, the furniture beetle Anobium punctatum (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is based on the parasitoid wasp species Spathius exarator (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Once this braconid wasp detects its host species beneath the surface, it pierces the wood with its ovipositor to lay one single egg onto the beetle larva. After hatching, the wasp larva feeds on the beetle larva thereby killing it. Afterwards, it pupates and emerges through a self‐gnawed hole as an adult wasp. The tiny, 0.5‐mm‐wide exit hole can easily be distinguished from the 1‐ to 2‐mm‐wide exit hole of A. punctatum. Laboratory tests revealed that female wasps have an average life span of 85 days and produce a total of 24 offspring, when nutrition is provided. Between 2012 and 2019, braconid wasps were introduced into 54 different A. punctatum infested buildings. Treatment success was monitored by examining exit holes of new beetles and wasps thereby calculating corresponding parasitism rates. After the first year of treatment, parasitism rates were significantly higher with a mean value of 0.15 when compared to untreated objects with a natural parasitism and a mean value of 0.08 (n = 54). Following treatment of three objects over a period of eight years, parasitism rates continuously increased from 0.02 up to 0.31. In a church organ, which was treated during this period, the monitoring revealed a complete suppression of pest activity. These data prove that this biological method of pest control is an efficient, sustainable and non‐toxic option to manage the common furniture beetle.
A Combined Bio-Chemical Synthesis Route for 1-Octene Sheds Light on Rhamnolipid Structure

Here we report a chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize 1-octene from carbohydrates via ethenolysis of rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipids synthesized by P. putida contain a double bond between carbon five and six, which is experimentally confirmed via olefin cross metathesis. Utilizing these lipids in the ethenolysis catalyzed by a Grubbs−Hoveyda-type catalyst selectively generates 1-octene and with good conversions. This study shows the potential of chemoenzymatic approaches to produce compounds for the chemical industry from renewable resources.
Wolbachia prevalence patterns: horizontal transmission, recombination, and multiple infections in chestnut gall wasp‐parasitoid communities

The Oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a global invasive pest that causes serious damage to almost all chestnut species belonging to the Castanea genus (Fagaceae). Dryocosmus zhuili Liu et Zhu is a recently described sibling species of D. kuriphilus, which induces galls on Castanea henryi (Skan) Rehd. et Wils. There are many indigenous parasitoid species in China which play an important role in the natural regulation of their population dynamics. Wolbachia is a maternally inherited α‐proteobacterium widely found in arthropods. This study screened for the presence of Wolbachia in the two chestnut gall wasps and in six parasitoid species from 12 populations, to investigate the prevalence patterns of Wolbachia in the chestnut gall wasp‐parasitoid communities. We found that D. zhuili and four parasitoid species were infected with Wolbachia; among them, all individuals of the two populations of Megastigmus sp. had multiple Wolbachia infections. By using multilocus sequence types to characterize bacterial strains, three new sequence types were identified. The Wolbachia strains infecting D. zhuili (ST‐507), Torymus sinensis Kamijo (ST‐508), and Sycophila variegata (Curtis) (ST‐508) belonged to supergroup A, whereas the Wolbachia strain infecting Megastigmus nipponicus Kamijo (ST‐503) belonged to supergroup B. Our results also suggested that horizontal transmission of Wolbachia occurs between chestnut gall wasps and their parasitoids. Moreover, multiple Wolbachia infections of Megastigmus sp. may be due to gene recombination and horizontal transmission.
Assessing water conditions for Heleophryne rosei tadpoles and the conservation relevance

Southern Africa has a rich assemblage of anuran amphibians (South Africa has 12 families). Of these, one entire family is endemic to the southern African region (Poynton 1964): the ghost frog family, Heleophrynidae. These torrent-adapted species live in and around fast-flowing montane streams. Adults are cryptic, hiding in crevices and emerging at night, while tadpoles are relatively easy to find in streams and easily identified by their large, specially adapted oral suckers used for grazing on algae-covered rocks (Boycott 2004). The two genera of the ghost frog family contain seven species, one in the genus Hadromophryne (Natal cascade frog) and six in the genus Heleophryne (ghost frogs); the latter is confined to the Cape Fold Mountains (Channing, Boycott & Van Hensbergen 1988) across south-west South Africa’s winter rainfall region (Colville et al. 2014). The Table Mountain Ghost Frog, Heleophryne rosei, is confined to the Table Mountain massif (Boycott & de Villiers 1986).