Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Downscaling Future Temperature and Precipitation Values in Kombolcha Town, South Wollo in Ethiopia

Whilst climate change is already manifesting in Ethiopia through changes in temperature and rainfall, its magnitude is poorly studied at regional levels. Therefore, the main aim of this study was statistically downscale of future daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and precipitation value in Kombolcha Town, South Wollo, in Ethiopia. For this the long term historical climatic data were collected from Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency for Kombolcha station and the GCM data were downloaded from the global circulation models of, the Canadian Second Generation Earth System Model from the link (http://climate scenarios.canada.ca/? page=dstsdi). For future climate data generation among the different downscaling techniques, the statistical down scaling method, a type of regression model was used and the variations of temperature (maximum and minimum) and precipitation in the town for annually and seasonally condition were analysis based on the base of the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s. In the future, relative to the observed mean value of annual rainfall in Kombolcha town, mean value of annual rainfall will decrease 1.36% - 7.03% for RCP4.5and 5.37% -13.8% for RCP8.5 emission scenarios in the last 21 century. Both maximum and minimum temperature of the town will be increased in the future time interval for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. The rise in temperature will exacerbate the town maximum heat effects in warm seasons and decrease in precipitation is expected along with a possible risk of water supply scarcity due to a low level of water supply access and a high rate of urbanization.
Crystal chemistry of Na-rich rectorite from North Little Rock, Arkansas

Abstract The rectorite, a regular mixed layer mineral consisting of dioctahedral swelling and non-swelling 2:1 layers, from North Little Rock, Arkansas, was studied to define the crystal chemistry and structural parameters (e.g. layer charge of the different layers, presence of cis/trans-vacancies). X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence and cation exchange capacity are used to characterize this rectorite. The rectorite has a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.19 and a cation exchange capacity of 60 cmol(+)/kg, as determined by the ammonium acetate method. The mineral is best described as a regular interstratification of brammallite-like and high-charged beidellite-like layers. Dehydration occurs at ≈118°C with a mass loss of 6.77% and dehydroxylation occurs in two steps at 470°C and 588°C with an overall mass loss of 4.67%. Peak decomposition of the mass spectrometer curve of evolved water shows ≈20% peak area with a maximum higher than 600°C, indicating ≈20% cis-vacant layers.
Smart Access System for Public Transport

: : According to data obtained by the World Health Organization, the global pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted the world severely. To combat the virus there are certain mandatory protocols set by the World Health Organization. Those are wearing face masks and following social distancing in public places in order to prevent the spread of the virus. Wearing masks will effectively stop airborne viruses so that such infections cannot reach a human body. In this project deep learning techniques are applied to construct a classifier that will collect pictures of people wearing masks and those who are not from the database and differentiate between these classes of mask wearing and non facemask wearing. To create a safe environment that contributes to public safety, we have designed a computer vision-based approach focused on the automatic monitoring of people to detect face masks in public places by implementing the model on Raspberry Pi to survey activity and detect breaches through cameras. After detection of breach, the Raspberry pi sends a red signal. Thus, the proposed system favours the society by saving time and helps in lowering the spread of the virus. It can be used effectively in current situations when lockdown is eased to inspect persons in public transports i.e railway stations, airports, bus stations etc. Automated inspection reduces manpower to inspect the public transport stations mainly and also can be used in any place.
The Impact of HR Practices and Innovative Work Behavior on Job Performance in Physicians

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of innovative work behaviour between compensation system, training and development, information sharing, supervisory support, and job performance among physicians in Iraqi public hospitals. The researcher conducted the study via online questionnaire with a sample size of 173 physicians in Iraqi public hospitals. The data analysis was done via SPSS (or commonly known as Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) (PLS). The data analysis meant to conduct demographic profile of respondents and mean of variables, factor analysis, reliability analysis to measure the repeatability of measuring instrument and regression analysis for hypothesis testing of independent and mediating variables. Results showed that training and development and supervisory support have a positive significant impact on physician’s innovative work behaviour. Compensation system and information sharing have a negative impact on physician’s innovative work behaviour. Innovative work behaviour mediates the relationship between training and development, supervisory support, and job performance. While compensation system and information sharing were not a significant mediating.
The prolyl hydroxylase PHD 3 maintains β-cell glucose metabolism during fatty 3 acid excess 4 5

8 a Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, 9 Birmingham, UK. 10 b Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, 11 Birmingham, UK. 12 c Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, 13 Birmingham, UK. 14 d Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, 15 UK 16 e Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, 17 UK 18 19 These authors contributed equally 20
The Structure of Spinel/Oxide Reaction Fronts During Spinel-Forming Solid State Reactions

A series of spinels were grown by topotaxial solid state reaction on MgO(001) and sapphire (11.2) substrates. The structure of the various spinel/oxide reaction fronts was investigated by cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy and other methods. While for extremely low misfit the reaction front is completely coherent, different interfacial defects form in other cases, depending on sing and amount of the spinel/oxide lattice misfit. For a large positive misfit, a network of misfit dislocations occurred all running along , with Burgers vectors of types a/2[101] and a/2[011] pointing out of the interface. The perpendicular Burgers vector component along [001] permits these dislocations to glide in order to cope with the advancing reaction front, avoiding kinetically unfavorable climb processes. The latter have, however, been observed in negative misfit, where the interfacial dislocation run along , with their Burgers vectors lying in the interface plane. At the sapphire/MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} front the structure is completely different. Here the h.c. p.-type oxygen sublattice of sapphire is reconstructed into the f.c. c. -type oxygen sublattice of the spinel, which requires a tilt of the MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} lattice and the formation of interfacial ledges.
Comparative determination of antioxidant activities and phytochemicals from fractions of ethanol extract of Senna occidentalis using GC- MS

Medicinal plants have been the mainstay of traditional herbal medicine. Their medicinal properties are due to the presence of phytochemicals which exert pharmacological effects on the body. In this study, phytochemicals from partially purified fractions of ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis leaf were comparatively determined using GC-MS. Fractionation was carried out using solvents of different polarities, namely n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol, Methanol and water. The total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoids content, metal chelating activity of the fractions were determined. The result for Total Anti-Oxidant Capacity (TAC) showed that fractions 2a and 6a have the highest capacity (128.8μg/ml), followed by 6b (112μg/ml), 4a (86.8 μg/ml), 7a (84 μg/ml) and lastly 9a&2b (81.2 μg/ml). The decrease in the TAC of the fractions was in the order: 2a&6a>6b>4a>7a>9a&2b>3a&10a, with 3a and 10a having the lowest TAC. The result for Total Phenolic Content (TPC) showed that fraction 1b had the highest concentration of total phenol content (97.5mg/ml), followed by F9b (78mg/ml). F6b has the lowest concentration (1.95mg/ml). The result for Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) shows that fraction 1a had the highest concentration (2373mg/ml), followed by F3a (2226mg/ml). Fractions F8a, 8b, F9a, F9b, and F10b had the lowest concentration (21.0mg/ml). The fractions with higher TAC, TPC and TFC were subjected to GC-MS analysis, revealing compounds of diverse pharmacological and industrial applications. The fraction eluted with ethyl acetate + chloroform contained fatty acid esters with %Area ≥ 1(Heptanoic acid octyl ester 55.42%), the fraction eluted with ethyl acetate + methanol contains both fatty acid esters and glycosides presented as % Area ≥1 (Cyclononene 23.70 %). The fraction eluted with Methanol showed high concentrations of essential oils presented as % Area ≥1 (Oleic Acid 59.57%). These properties of Senna occidentalis revealed that the fractions contain the active ingredients that are the major targets for drug development. The presence of high concentrations of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids and essential oils in this plant does not only predispose it to a very good antioxidant property but can also can be used as a natural source of antioxidants towards the prevention of disease progression. © 2021 JETIR July 2021, Volume 8, Issue 7 www.jetir. org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2107028 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir. org a196
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and density functional theory study of benzyl 2-oxo-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate

The molecule adopts a Z-shaped conformation with the carboxyl group nearly coplanar with the dihydroquinoline unit. In the crystal, two sets of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form chains along the b-axis direction, which are connected into corrugated layers parallel to (103) by additional C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The layers are connected by C—H⋯π(ring) interactions.
Ionic Liquid−Water Mixtures: Enhanced Kw for Efficient Cellulosic Biomass Conversion

Under relatively mild conditions (≤140 °C, 1 atm) and in the absence of added acid catalysts typically employed in biomass conversion, cellulose dissolved in certain ionic liquids (ILs) has been converted into water-soluble reducing sugars in high total reducing sugar yield (up to 97%), or directly into the biomass platform chemical 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in high conversion (up to 89%) when CrCl2 is added. The combined study of experimental methods and ab initio calculations demonstrates that the significantly increased Kw by ILs in the IL−water mixture is responsible for the catalysis seen in the current efficient biomass conversion system without added acid catalysts. The finding that the water in ILs under mild conditions can exhibit high Kw values (up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the pure water under ambient conditions) is significant because such high Kw values are typically achievable by the water under harsh high-temperature or subcritical water conditions.
Features importance in seizure classification using scalp EEG reduced to single timeseries

Seizure detection and seizure-type classification are best performed using intra-cranial or full-scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). In embedded wearable systems however, recordings from only a few electrodes are available, reducing the spatial resolution of the signals to a handful of timeseries at most. Taking this constraint into account, we tested the performance of multiple classifiers using a subset of the EEG recordings by selecting a single trace from the montage or performing a dimensionality reduction over each hemispherical space. Our results support that Random Forest (RF) classifiers lead most efficient and stable classification performances over Support Vector Machines (SVM). Interestingly, tracking the feature importances using permutation tests reveals that classical EEG spectrum power bands display different rankings across the classifiers: low frequencies (delta, theta) are most important for SVMs while higher frequencies (alpha, gamma) are more relevant for RF and Decision Trees. We reach up to 94.3% ∓ 5.3% accuracy in classifying absence from tonic-clonic seizures using state-of-art sampling methods for unbalanced datasets and leave-patients-out 3-fold cross-validation policy.
Optimising activity and diet compositions for dementia prevention: Protocol for the ACTIVate prospective longitudinal cohort study

Introduction Approximately 40% of late-life dementia may be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, including physical activity and diet. Yet, it is currently unknown how multiple lifestyle factors interact to influence cognition. The ACTIVate Study aims to 1) Explore associations between 24-hour time-use and diet compositions with changes in cognition and brain function; and 2) Identify durations of time-use behaviours and the dietary compositions to optimise cognition and brain function. Methods and analysis This three-year prospective longitudinal cohort study will recruit 448 adults aged 60-70 years across Adelaide and Newcastle, Australia. Time-use data will be collected through wrist-worn activity monitors and the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA). Dietary intake will be assessed using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire. The primary outcome will be cognitive function, assessed using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). Secondary outcomes include structural and functional brain measures using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), cerebral arterial pulse measured with Diffuse Optical Tomography (Pulse-DOT), neuroplasticity using simultaneous Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Electroencephalography (EEG), and electrophysiological markers of cognitive control using event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency analyses. Compositional data analysis, testing for interactions between time-point and compositions, will assess longitudinal associations between dependent (cognition, brain function) and independent (time-use and diet compositions) variables. Conclusions The ACTIVate Study will be the first to examine associations between time-use and diet compositions, cognition and brain function. Our findings will inform new avenues for multidomain interventions that may more effectively account for the co-dependence between activity and diet behaviours for dementia prevention. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from University of South Australia's Human Research Ethics committee (202639). Findings will be disseminated through peer reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, targeted media releases and community engagement events. Registration Details: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001659190).
Charon’s Far Side Geomorphology

New Horizons images of the illuminated nonencounter hemisphere (far side) of Charon display geomorphic features that are consistent with features observed in the highest-resolution images of the encounter hemisphere. Scarps, ridges, craters, and one area of smooth plains are identified. These features support previous hypotheses of global expansion and large-scale faulting across this icy world.
Evaluation of flux trapping moat position on AQFP cell performance

With recent advances in InductEx and the TetraHenry numerical engine, it is now possible to analyze the coupling of trapped flux in moats to superconductor circuit structures. Here we show the analysis of moat position in the layout of an adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) buffer cell on the coupling to critical inductors such as the load inductor. This inductor is often carefully laid out to balance current flow and cancel out stray coupling between clock and dc current excitation lines. We investigate the effect of trapped flux that couples asymmetrically to the circuit—either due to the moat position and shape or due to only one of a symmetrical duo of moats being filled with a trapped fluxon—on circuit operating margin and performance. We conclude with suggestions on moat placement to reduce the chances of circuit failure when fluxons are trapped in the moats.
Design of the Magnetic Circuit to Improve Stability of the Magnetic Bearing Using HTS

This paper proposes the design of the magnetic circuit to improve stability of the magnetic bearing using HTS. From the rotational characteristic, it is shown that if the flux of the rotor is concentrated to the outer part of the HTS, the rotor will be able to rotate stability. In order to achieve stable rotation, the yoke equipped ring type rotor is proposed. The ring type permanent magnet equipped the yoke is used of this rotor. The change in the flux when the gap between the yoke and the permanent magnet, the yoke thickness and the width are changed is considered. As each value increases, the flux amount increases. As the gap between the yoke and the permanent magnet increases, the flux distribution is more concentrated to the outer part of the HTS. Considering the overall diameter, the boundary where the increasing rate decreases is adopted as the optimum value. In the yoke thickness and the width, the minimum value where the magnetic saturation is not observed is adopted as the optimum value. As a result, the magnetic circuit that the flux is concentrated to the outer part of the HTS is designed. By concentrating the flux to the outer part of the HTS, the stable rotation is given.
Biomimetic Fabrication of Indicalamus-Leaf-Like Structured Copper Surface with Superhydrophobic Properties

Some plant leaves possess a superhydrophobicity because of the exclusive structures on their surfaces. Many methods were developed to imitate the leaf structures in order to obtain the superhydrophobic copper. However, it is difficult to simulate the natural complex structures perfectly through the traditional methods. Here, we report a method to use an indicalamus leaf as a template to fabricate superhydrophobic biomorphic copper on a carbon substrate (Cu/C). This Cu/C retained the microstructures of the leaf well. It exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity after it was modified with fluorine silane. The water contact angles of the resulting products were >160°, which exceed that of the indicalamus leaf (158°). Its sliding angle was <5°. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2013224]
Mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption into liquid droplets

II 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 BACKGROUND . 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES . 3 1.3 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS. 3 1.4 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS . 4 REFERENCES . 6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.1 CO2 CAPTURE ― CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BY AMINE SOLUTIONS . 7 2.1.1 Chemical absorption process . 7 2.1.2 Different kinds of absorption columns . 8 2.1.3 Reaction mechanism of amine solutions with CO2 . 10 2.2 MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN GAS-LIQUID PHASES . 13 2.2.1 Three fundamental mass transfer theories . 13 2.2.2 Mass transfer mechanisms between liquid droplets and continuous phase . 15 2.2.3 Mass transfer coefficient in the spray column . 17 2.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMINE SOLUTIONS . 17 2.3.1 Density, viscosity and surface tension . 18 2.3.2 Solubility and diffusivity . 20 NOTATION . 21 REFERENCES . 23 3. DENSITY MEASUREMENTS OF AMINE SOLUTIONS . 27 ABSTRACT . 27 3.1 INTRODUCTION . 27 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION . 30 3.2.1 Preparing amine solutions . 30 3.2.2 Measuring instrument and procedure . 34 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 36 3.3.1 Density results of unloaded aqueous amine solutions . 36 3.3.2 Density measurements of CO2 loaded aqueous amine solutions . 46 3.4 MODEL FOR DATA REPRESENTATION . 55 3.4. 1 Density correlation for unloaded aqueous amine solutions . 55 3.4. 2 Density correlation for CO2 loaded aqueous amine solutions . 57 3.5 ASSESSMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL UNCERTAINTIES . 59 3.5. 1 The assessment method for uncertainties of density measurements . 59 3.5. 2 Uncertainties of density measurements of unloaded amine solutions . 59 3.5. 3 Uncertainties of density measurements of CO2 loaded amine solutions . 61 3.6 CONCLUSIONS . 63 NOTATION . 64 REFERENCES . 65. 27 3.1 INTRODUCTION . 27 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION . 30 3.2.1 Preparing amine solutions . 30 3.2.2 Measuring instrument and procedure . 34 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 36 3.3.1 Density results of unloaded aqueous amine solutions . 36 3.3.2 Density measurements of CO2 loaded aqueous amine solutions . 46 3.4 MODEL FOR DATA REPRESENTATION . 55 3.4. 1 Density correlation for unloaded aqueous amine solutions . 55 3.4. 2 Density correlation for CO2 loaded aqueous amine solutions . 57 3.5 ASSESSMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL UNCERTAINTIES . 59 3.5. 1 The assessment method for uncertainties of density measurements . 59 3.5. 2 Uncertainties of density measurements of unloaded amine solutions . 59 3.5. 3 Uncertainties of density measurements of CO2 loaded amine solutions . 61 3.6 CONCLUSIONS . 63 NOTATION . 64 REFERENCES . 65 4. SURFACE TENSION MEASUREMENTS OF AQUEOUS MEA SOLUTIONS . 67
International Journal of Food Engineering Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions for Total Flavonoids in Toona Sinensis Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

In this study Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was employed to extract total flavonoids (TF) from the Toona sinensis leaves (TSL). Single factor experiments to evaluate the effects of the process parameters (extraction duration, solvent-solid ratio, ethanol volume fraction, and extraction times) on TF yield of TSL was performed, and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the extraction parameters. The analysis of variance indicated that the linear coefficients extraction duration, the quadratic terms of extraction duration and solvent-solid ratio, had highly significant effects on the TF yield (P<0.01). And, the quadratic terms of ethanol volume fraction had significant effects on the TF yield (P<0.05). The optimal conditions to obtain the maximum TF yield from TSL were extraction duration 85s, solvent-solid ratio (v/w, mL/g) 20, ethanol volume fraction 50%, microwave power 700 W, and repeated extraction two times. Under these optimal conditions, the TF yield was up to 2.39%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and validation test indicated that the method is useful and reliable.
Analysis of perception , adaptive design and rating of warning signals in different soundscapes

With the newly emerging hybrid and fully electric vehicle concepts, car manufacturers are not only reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, but are also reducing vehicle noise emissions, and with this the presence of commonly known vehicle sounds, which provide people some orientation in the public soundscape. Especially when driving at low speeds, vehicle signalization sounds from the absent internal combustion engine are missing. Aerodynamic noise is also removed increasingly by thorough aeroacoustical design, and on plain road surfaces, tires of slowly driving vehicles are only audible in quiet environments. Even at speeds as low as 30 km/h, collisions can already have serious consequences for pedestrians and cyclists.