Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Walking the extra byte : A lifecycle model for linked open data

More and more public organizations publish their data in an open format to increase transparency and foster economic activity. In this modern gold rush, organizations strive to open up as many datasets as possible, without considering the strategic importance of open data. Especially linking data to other datasets can lead to the creation of innovative services. One issue that is often not explicitly addressed before opening up data is the format of the dataset. Central to open data is that the format is machine readable. But to allow for effortless linking of datasets, data being merely machine readable is not sufficient. Lifecycle models can uide the process of publishing linked open data. Current linked open data ifecycle models focus on the technical steps that need to be taken by the internal IT organization and often forget to include actions to be taken ater publication. The effectiveness of linked open data, however, depends n how much the data is used. Hence, this paper develops a linked open data lifecycle model that takes the multiple disciplines and stakeholders within and outside the organization into account as well as the steps to be taken after publication of the atasets. Firstly, using existing linked open data lifecycle models, this aper identifies generic phases of opening up linked data: identification, reparation, publication, re-use and evaluation. Secondly, investigating the rocess of opening up data in a semipublic oganization in the Netherlands, he lifecycle model is refined and detailed. his case study shows that the involvement of relevant stakeholders, both within and outside the organization and of various disciplines, is essential to realize the support for the process and stimulate re-use.
Learning from biological systems: modeling neural control

We have been pursuing a modular approach to modeling and investigating the neural control of posture and movement. A modular approach is a practical and natural way of investigating the function and structure of the complex central nervous system (CNS). The modules can include skeletal dynamics, muscle dynamics with recruitment and force-generation characteristics, basic spinal cord neural circuits responsible for the local stretch reflex, interneuronal networks that provide modulation of various reflexes, various structures of brain circuits, and control strategy decision-making centers. The anatomical detail and complexity of each module can vary depending on the specific scientific question or motor task to be investigated and the extent of information available on the hierarchy. To demonstrate the modular approach, we present two examples that illustrate how biological motor control tasks can be investigated in varying degrees of complexity and detail. One example shows that a model with detailed anatomical structure and dynamic properties has to be developed to investigate the detailed interactions among several sensory feedback loops in the spinal cord. The other example shows that when investigating whole-body behavior, a grosser structured model with lumped components is more tractable so issues such as the interaction of spinal cord regulation and upper CNS intelligent control can be investigated.
A Syntax-Aware Edit-based System for Text Simplification

Edit-based text simplification systems have attained much attention in recent years due to their ability to produce simplification solutions that are interpretable, as well as requiring less training examples compared to traditional seq2seq systems. Edit-based systems learn edit operations at a word level, but it is well known that many of the operations performed when simplifying text are of a syntactic nature. In this paper we propose to add syntactic information into a well known edit-based system. We extend the system with a graph convolutional network module that mimics the dependency structure of the sentence, thus giving the model an explicit representation of syntax. We perform a series of experiments in English, Spanish and Italian, and report improvements of the state of the art in four out of five datasets. Further analysis shows that syntactic information is always beneficial, and suggest that syntax is more helpful in complex sentences.
Spatiotemporal variability in the oxidative potential of ambient fine particulate matter in the Midwestern United States

Abstract. We assessed the oxidative potential (OP) of both water-soluble and methanol-soluble fractions of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Midwestern United States. A large set of PM2.5 samples (N=241) was collected from five sites set up in different environments, i.e., urban, rural, and roadside, in Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri during May 2018–May 2019. Five acellular OP endpoints, including the consumption rate of ascorbic acid and glutathione in a surrogate lung fluid (SLF) (OPAA and OPGSH, respectively), dithiothreitol (DTT) depletion rate (OPDTT), and ⚫OH generation rate in SLF and DTT (OPOH−SLF and OPOH−DTT, respectively), were measured for all PM2.5 samples. PM2.5 mass concentrations in the Midwestern US as obtained from these samples were spatially homogeneously distributed, while most OP endpoints showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Seasonally, higher activities occurred in summer for most OP endpoints for both water- and methanol-soluble extracts. Spatially, the roadside site showed the highest activities for most OP endpoints in the water-soluble extracts, while only occasional peaks were observed at urban sites in the methanol-soluble OP. Most OP endpoints showed similar spatiotemporal trends between mass- and volume-normalized activities across different sites and seasons. Comparisons between two solvents (i.e., water and methanol) showed that methanol-soluble OP generally had higher activity levels than corresponding water-soluble OP. Site-to-site comparisons of OP showed stronger correlations for methanol-soluble OP compared to water-soluble OP, indicating a better extraction of water-insoluble redox-active compounds from various emission sources into methanol. We found a weak correlation and inconsistent slope values between PM2.5 mass and most OP endpoints. Moreover, the poor to moderate intercorrelations among different OP endpoints indicate different mechanisms of OP represented by these endpoints and thus demonstrate the rationale for analyzing multiple acellular endpoints for a better and more comprehensive assessment of OP.
Understanding Digital Technology’s Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth: Present and Future in the Mirror of the Past

Three styles of explanation have been advanced by economists seeking to account for the so-called 'productivity paradox'. The coincidence of a persisting slowdown in the growth of measured total factor productivity (TFP) in the US, since the mid-1970's, with the wave of information technology (It) innovations, is said by some to be an illusion due to the mismeasurement of real output growth; by others to expose the mistaken expectations about the benefits of computerization; and by still others to reflect the amount of time, and the volume of intangible investments in 'learning', and the time required for ancillary innovations that allow the new digital technologies to be applied in ways that are reflected in measured productivity growth. This paper shows that rather than viewing these as competing hypotheses, the dynamics of the transition to a new technological and economic regime based upon a general purpose technology (GPT) should be understood to be likely to give rise to all three 'effects. ' It more fully articulates and supports this thesis, which was first advanced in the 'computer and dynamo' papers by David (1990, 1991). The relevance of that historical experience is re-asserted and supported by further evidence rebutting skeptics who have argued that the diffusion of electrification and computerization have little in common. New evidence is produced about the links between IT use, mass customization, and the upward bias of output price deflators arising from the method used to 'chain in' new products prices. The measurement bias due to the exclusion of intangible investments from the scope of the official national product accounts also is examined. Further, it is argued that the development of the general-purpose PC delayed the re-organization of businesses along lines that would have more directly raised task productivity, even though the technologies yielded positive 'revenue productivity' gains for large companies. The paper concludes by indicating the emerging technical and organizational developments that are likely to deliver a sustained surge of measured TFP growth during the decades that lie immediately ahead.
Statistics of lightning strikes to the Toronto Canadian National Tower (1978-1995)

Lightning strikes to the 553 m high CN Tower have been observed since 1978. Video records of CN Tower lightning events during the intervening lightning seasons, up to and including 1995, have been analyzed and statistical finding are presented. The paper includes data on monthly and diurnal occurrences of lightning, as well as on parameters of incidence; such as flash duration, multiplicity of strokes in a flash and interstroke intervals. Lightning data for CN Tower strikes are also compared with observations made elsewhere in the world. Information derived is relevant to lightning protection of tall structures and of neighbouring objects, and of power line and substation components, in particular those erected in mountainous regions.
Role of expression of atrial natriuretic peptide gene in essential hypertension among Egyptian patients

ABSTRACT Introduction Essential Hypertension has been a great burden on public health services for a long time, with many life-threatening complications. Therefore, we decided to study Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression as one of the most important blood pressure controlling genes, in order to use ANP gene as a potential diagnostic or therapeutic marker in the near future. Methods One hundred essential hypertensive patients and 100 normotensive controls were included. Study Subjects were subjected to ANP gene expression analysis, together with blood pressure measurement, Lab investigations, and BMI analysis. Results There was a statistical difference between ANP gene expression and blood pressure, with lower ANP gene expression level (median of 0.3) being present among hypertensive patients and higher ANP gene expression level (median of 1.6) among normotensive controls (p < 0.001). Discussion We proved that ANP gene expression to be low in essential hypertension patients compared with normotensive individuals.
In Ovo Injection of GABA Can Help Body Weight Gain at Hatch, Increase Chick Weight to Egg Weight Ratio, and Improve Broiler Heat Resistance

Simple Summary Heat stress is a vital issue that causes severe losses to the poultry industry. A partly developed thermoregulatory mechanism during the embryonic phase is emphasized to manipulate embryos for achieving thermotolerance during rearing. The present study was conducted firstly to standardize the dosage for an in ovo manipulation, and the selective dose was used to evaluate its effects on early-age heat-stressed (HS) broilers. HS induces cholesterol while an antioxidant acts as a first line of defense under stress. However, 5% GABA supplementation had a higher hatchling weight and chick weight to egg weight ratio (CWEWR). We selected a 10% GABA dosage for HS studies due to its higher antioxidants and lower cholesterol values in hatchlings. In ovo, 10% GABA supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde levels, hepatic mRNA levels of HSP70, FAS, and L-FABP in broilers when subjected to HS (38 ± 1 °C; 3 h) at ten days of age. This indicates that an in ovo GABA injection improves CWEWR and antioxidant status at hatch, and creates thermotolerance by increasing antioxidant production and downregulating the expression of HSP70 and fatty acid metabolism genes in HS chicks. Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the outcomes of an in ovo GABA injection in broilers challenged with HS. In Experiment 1, 210 Arbor Acres eggs were allocated to five treatments: no-injection, and in ovo injection of 0.6 mL of 0%, 5%, 10%, or 20% of GABA. Hatchling weight and CWEWR were significantly increased in the 5% GABA group. In ovo, injection of 10% GABA solution caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and increased plasma total antioxidant capacity of hatchlings. Experiment 2 was conducted with 126 fertile Arbor Acres eggs distributed into one of two groups. At 17.5 days of incubation, one received no injection, and the other was fed 0.6 mL of 10% GABA. On day 10, one subgroup (4 replicates * 3 birds) from each treatment was submitted to HS (38 ± 1 °C for 3 h) while the other was kept at a thermoneutral temperature (29 ± 1 °C). An in ovo injection of GABA significantly increased total antioxidant capacity, but reduced malondialdehyde levels, hepatic mRNA levels of HSP70, FAS, and L-FABP with HS. In conclusion, an in ovo GABA injection improves CWEWR and antioxidant status at hatch, and enhances antioxidant status while downregulating the expression of HSP70 and fatty acid metabolism-related genes in young chicks under HS.
Properties and structures of linear-phase FIR filters based on switching and resetting of IIR filters

Recursive structures are introduced for implementing long linear-phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters using a very small number of multipliers. The implementation uses the principle of switching and resetting between two identical copies of the same infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. The impulse response of the resulting filters is a truncated and shifted version of the response of a filter G(z)G(z/sup -1/) where G(z) is a stable IIR stable and G(z/sup -1/) is the corresponding unstable IIR filter. The filters are implemented as a parallel connection of several branches, each branch generating a truncated response corresponding to a complex conjugate pole pair and its mirror-image pair. The truncation is performed using a feedforward term which provides pole-zero cancellations. To stabilize the pole-zero cancellations, and to avoid the quantization error from growing too much, the branch filters are implemented by applying the principle of switching and resetting. It is shown, by means of an example, that by using this approach a nearly optimum FIR filter of order larger than 500 using just 17 adjustable parameters can be designed. <<ETX>>
Reflection-type Q factor measurement of transmission-type cavities

The traditional method of measuring the unloaded Q factor of a transmission cavity is the so-called insertion-loss method. The accuracy of that method deteriorates when the coupling becomes strong and when the input and output coupling coefficients differ from each other. To circumvent these difficulties, it is proposed to terminate one of the cavity ports with a matched load and measure the Q factor of the other port by the reflection-type method. The ports are then exchanged, and the measurement repeated from the other side. Such measurement provides an estimate of the uncertainty of the unloaded Q factor, and also works well when the input and output coupling coefficients differ from each other.
Endoparasite Infections of the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Central Italy

Simple Summary The European hedgehog is a very common animal in Europe. This animal usually lives in woods but often it is possible to find it in gardens and parks in urban areas. Few studies describe parasites infecting the European hedgehog in Italy. In the present study, endoparasite infections and associated lesions were investigated in hedgehogs from two different regions of central Italy (Latium and Tuscany), where no investigations had been performed before. Several helminth and protozoan species were identified in the intestine and respiratory tract of the animals analyzed. The presence of the respiratory worm Crenosoma striatum was found to be associated with bronchial lesions. This study contributed to the knowledge of parasitic infections of the European hedgehog, the most frequently hospitalized animal in wildlife rescue centers. Abstract The European hedgehog is a synanthropic mammal, widely distributed in Europe. This species usually inhabits the edges of deciduous or mixed woods, but it is also very common in private gardens and public parks. Despite its popularity and frequency of contacts both with humans and with wild and domestic animals, few studies have examined the endoparasitic fauna of the hedgehog in Italy. In the present study, endoparasites of naturally deceased hedgehogs (n = 40) from central Italy (Latium and Tuscany regions) were investigated, along with concurrent gross and histopathological lesions. The most prevalent identified endoparasites were Crenosoma striatum (45%), Capillaria erinacei (42.5%) and Brachylaemus erinacei (22.5%), in accordance with previous reports from hedgehogs in southern Italy. In few subjects, Physaloptera clausa, Acanthocephalans and Cystoisospora rastegaeivae coccidia were also identified. The infection by the lungworm C. striatum was found to be significantly associated (p < 0.01) with bronchial hyperplasia and peribronchiolitis upon histopathological examination. Awareness of the most common parasitic infections in the hedgehog and of their effects on the health of these animals is extremely important, especially in wildlife rescue centers, where European hedgehog represents the most frequently hospitalized mammal species.
Production of Silk Fibroin Membrane for Heavy Metal Removal in Water

Thermodynamically driven salts and annealing processes developed the pure silk fibroin (SF) membranes from Bombyx mori cocoons. For more generation, the silk fibroin solution 5 wt% mixed the sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The top surface and cross-section of silk fibroin mixed with NaCl (SF/NaCl) showed pore in the surface membrane and hydrophilic property. The β-sheet content in the SF/NaCl membrane is higher than pure silk fibroin (SF) and the silk fibroin mixed with PEG (SF/PEG) membranes. Then cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) metals in water filtered pass through only SF/NaCl experimented. The pressure, pH, and temperature were effect by the flow rate efficiency of SF/NaCl membranes. The results showed that the highest % removal of Cd, Pb, and Hg were 45.36%, 61.43%, and 86.87%, respectively. The best condition of absorption capacity was 8.50, 6.42, and 41.14 mg/g for Cd, Pb, and Hg. As a natural biopolymer, SF/NaCl possibly apply for Hg removal for water treatment, its nontoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical toughness.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals the genetic stock structure of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae)

The assessment of the genetic structuring of biodiversity is crucial for management and conservation. This is particularly critical for widely distributed and highly mobile deep‐water teleosts, such as hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae). This species is significant to Māori people and supports the largest commercial fishery in New Zealand, but uncertainty about its stock structure presents a challenge for management. Here, we apply a comprehensive genomic analysis to shed light on the demographic structure of this species by (1) assembling the genome, (2) generating a catalogue of genome‐wide SNPs to infer the stock structure and (3) identifying regions of the genome under selection. The final genome assembly used short and long reads and is near complete, representing 93.8% of BUSCO genes, and consisting of 566 contigs totalling 501 Mb. Whole‐genome re‐sequencing of 510 hoki sampled from 14 locations around New Zealand and Australia, at a read depth greater than 10×, produced 227,490 filtered SNPs. Analyses of these SNPs were able to resolve the stock structure of hoki into two genetically and geographically distinct clusters, one including the Australian and the other one all New Zealand locations, indicating genetic exchange between these regions is limited. Location differences within New Zealand samples were much more subtle (global FST = 0.0006), and while small and significant differences could be detected, they did not conclusively identify additional substructures. Ten putative adaptive SNPs were detected within the New Zealand samples, but these also did not geographically partition the dataset further. Contemporary and historical Ne estimation suggest the current New Zealand population of hoki is large yet declining. Overall, our study provides the first genomic resources for hoki and provides detailed insights into the fine‐scale population genetic structure to inform the management of this species.
The Intrinsic Noise Figure of the MESFET Distributed Amplifier

This paper calculates the intrinsic noise figure of the MESFET distributed amplifier assuming, for simplicity, only the Van der Ziel gate and drain noise sources, and produces an expression for the noise figure of a distributed amplifier containing n identical devices. For large gain and Iarge n, a simple expression exists for the product nZ/sub pi g/, where Z/sub pi g/ is the pi-characteristic impedance of the gate line, which minimizes the overall noise figure of the amplifier. This approximate expression is compared with the corresponding expression for a resonant ampfifier using the same MESFET with the same noise sources and with the optimum source impedance for minimum noise figure. Although the resonant amplifier has a slightly lower noise figure, the need to use a circulator to remove the mismatch associated with the optimum source impedance removes this slight advantage.
Multi-Objective Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm for the Control of Robotic Manipulator

A novel multi-objective biogeography-based optimization algorithm (MBBO) is proposed and is applied to tune the parameters of PID controllers for robotic manipulator. In MBBO, a new migration operator with disturbance term is put forward to ensure the convergence of the population and promote the diversity of solutions. Simulation results on PID control for robotic manipulator show that the PID controllers tuned by MBBO have better reference tracking performance in closed loop.
A Current-Fed Dual-Half-Bridge-Based Composite Converter With Improved Light-Load Efficiency Through a Multi-Variable Optimization

Due to its frequent occurrence in the electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications, light-load efficiency of the dc–dc converter is critical. Different from the conventional boost converter, in this work, a novel composite converter is proposed and investigated to achieve significantly improved light-load efficiency. The proposed converter consists of a current-fed dual-half-bridge (CF-DHB) converter module and a boost converter module, which can be controlled and optimized independently. The interconnection of the two modules leads to advantages, such as lower voltage stress across the power device and a wide conversion ratio. In this article, a multi-variable efficiency optimization method is proposed utilizing the topology advantages of the proposed converter to address the light-load efficiency issue. Based on the loss model, the power sharing between the two converter modules and the switching frequency of the boost converter module are optimized at light load. A 30-kW silicon carbide (SiC)-based composite dc–dc converter prototype is built to validate the proposed multi-variable efficiency optimization method in the light-load operating conditions. Extensive experimental results are presented to demonstrate the noticeable efficiency improvement brought by the proposed method.