Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two UGT84A Family Glycosyltransferases Regulate Phenol, Flavonoid, and Tannin Metabolism in Juglans regia (English Walnut)

We showed previously that gallic acid is produced in walnut from 3-dehydroshikimate by a shikimate dehydrogenase (JrSkDH). This study focuses on the next step in the hydrolysable tannin pathway, the formation of 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from the phenolic gallic acid and UDP glucose by a glycosyltransferase. JrGGT1 (UGT84A73) and JrGGT2 (UGT84A74) are predicted to be two such glycosyltransferases, which we expressed in tobacco plants. GC-MS analysis of the transgenic tobacco revealed moderate, yet significant alterations in plant secondary metabolism, such as depleted phenolic acids, including gallic acid. We postulate that these effects are due to JrGGT1 and JrGGT2 activity, as JrGGT orthologs glycosylate these phenolic compounds in vitro. Moreover, JrGGT expression in tobacco caused upregulation of shikimic acid pathway metabolites and differing responses in phenylpropanoids, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In transcriptome analysis of walnut pellicle tissues, both JrGGTs showed substantial and significant expression correlations with the gallic acid-producing JrSkDHs and were highly coexpressed with the genetic circuits constituting the shikimic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways. Verification of JrGGT gene expression by transcriptome analysis of 20 walnut tissues revealed striking similarities with that of the pellicle data, with the greatest expression in roots, wood, buds, and leaves of Juglans regia cv. Chandler: tissues that typically accumulate hydrolysable tannins. Like the transgenic tobacco, pellicle metabolomic analyses revealed that many phenylpropanoids correlated negatively with JrGGT expression, while shikimic acid pathway metabolites correlated positively with JrGGT expression. This research supports the hypothesis that JrGGT1 and JrGGT2 play non-trivial roles in metabolism of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and ostensibly, tannins.
Ion beam etching induced structural and electronic modification of InAs and InSb surfaces studied by Raman spectroscopy

The modification of the structural and electronic properties of InAs and InSb surfaces induced by low-energy N2 and Ar ion beam etching (IBE) were investigated as a function ion energy (⩽500 eV) using Raman spectroscopy. A drastic enhancement of the electron concentration in the near surface region of both materials independent of the ion energy and the process gas was observed. From Raman measurements in different polarization configurations it can be concluded that the electron accumulation observed after IBE is inherently related to the process-induced structural defects. The degree of structural damage and the carrier concentration in the near surface region increase for higher ion energies. By controlled, subsequent removal of the damaged surface layer using wet etching, the depth profile of the structural and electronic damage in InAs was determined. This procedure reveals that the structural and electronic damage extends about 100 nm into the material. Nevertheless, it can be recognized that the ut.
A Potential Friend Recommendation Algorithm for Obtaining Spatial Information

With the rapid development of social network, friend recommendation algorithm has become an important component of social application. Location-based social network (LBSN) enables users to record and share their locations anytime and anywhere, which is a high quality information source. In order to meet people's demand of expanding social circle and obtaining diversified spatial information when making friends, this paper proposes a potential friend recommendation algorithm based on the similarity of user's check-in behavior and spatial information acquisition level in the real world. Firstly, we employ kernel density estimation and time entropy to solve the problems of data sparsity and low concentration, then employ cosine distance to measure the check-in behavior similarity. Secondly, we analyze users’ spatial distribution of check-in location and cognitive differences on spatial information. Finally, the method mentioned above is tested with dataset called Foursquare. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method has competitive performance.
Entry and exit flows of casson fluids

Entry and exit flows through abrupt contractions are studied numerically for Casson fluids exhibiting a yield stress. The Casson constitutive equation recommended for describing blood flow is used with an appropriate modification proposed by Papanastasiou, which applies everywhere in the flow field in both yielded and practically unyielded regions. The emphasis is on determining the extent and shape of unyielded/yielded regions along with the swelling ratio of the free stream for planar and axisymmetric contraction flows for the whole range of Casson numbers. The results for pressure are used to determine the excess pressure losses that give rise to entrance, exit, and the total end correction. On etudie numeriquement les ecoulements d'entree et de sortie dans des contractions abruptes pour des fluides de Casson presentant une contrainte seuil. L'equation constitutive de Casson recommandee pour decrire l'ecoulement sanguin est utilisee avec une modification appropriee par Papanastasiou, qui s'applique partout dans le champ d'ecoulement, dans les regions cisaillees comme dans les regions non cisaillees. On s'attache surtout a determiner l'etendue et la forme des regions cisaillees/non cisaillees ainsi que le rapport de gonflement du courant libre pour des ecoulements dans des contractions planaires et axisymetriques pour toute la gamme de nombre de Casson. Les resultats pour la pression servent a determiner l'exces de perte de charge associe aux effets d'entree, de sortie et aux effets de bout combines.
Design and Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand for Object Grasping and Shape Recognition

We developed an anthropomorphic multi-finger artificial hand for a fine-scale object grasping task, sensing the grasped object’s shape. The robotic hand was created using the 3D printer and has the servo bed for stand-alone finger movement. The data containing the robotic fingers’ angular position are acquired using the Leap Motion device, and a hybrid Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for object shape identification. We trained the designed robotic hand on a few monotonous convex-shaped items similar to everyday objects (ball, cylinder, and rectangular box) using supervised learning techniques. We achieve the mean accuracy of object shape recognition of 94.4%.
High temperature behavior of Pt and Pd on GaN

We report on the thermal stability of Pt and Pd thin films on GaN up to 800 °C. We have found that for Pt thin films submicron size metal spheres form at temperatures as low as 600 °C and the film turns into discontinuous islands at 725 °C and above. Pd begins to form islands above 700 °C and areas of the film begin to delaminate due to thermally generated compressive stress. The general behavior of these films is that found for most metal films on ceramics, suggesting that metals on GaN do not react as they typically do on common elemental and compound semiconductors. This ceramic-like behavior must be considered when determining which metals may act as good electrical contacts for GaN, especially for high temperature applications or alloyed contacts.
Mesoporous and Homothetic Silica Capsules in Reverse‐Emulsion Microreactors

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
DuroNet

Urban crime is an ongoing problem in metropolitan development and attracts general concern from the international community. As an effective means of defending urban safety, crime prediction plays a crucial role in patrol force allocation and public safety. However, urban crime data is a macro result of crime patterns overlapped by various irrelevant factors that cause inhomogeneous noises—local outliers and irregular waves. These noises might obstruct the learning process of crime prediction models and result in a deviation of performance. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel paradigm of Dual-robust Enhanced Spatial-temporal Learning Network (DuroNet), an encoder-decoder architecture that possesses an adaptive robustness for reducing the effect of outliers and waves. The robustness is mainly reflected on two aspects. One is a locality enhanced module that employs local temporal context information to smooth the deviation of outliers and dynamic spatial information to assist in understanding normal points. The other is a self-attention-based pattern representation module to weaken the effect of irregular waves by learning attentive weights. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on two real-world crime datasets before and after adding Gaussian noises. The results demonstrate the superior performance of our DuroNet over the state-of-the-art methods.
Residues of Explosives in Groundwater Leached from Soils at a Military Site in Eastern Germany

Abstract Sensitive analytical procedures are needed for detection of a broad range of explosive compounds and transformation products in groundwater. This study was thus conducted to (1) assess the utility of various instrumental techniques for detection of such substances in groundwater and to 2) isolate the principal toxic components leached from contaminated soils to groundwater at a former military site in Eastern Germany. The organonitrogen explosives and possible transformation products investigated, including aniline, 2‐NA, 4‐M‐2‐NA, 2‐M‐5‐NA, 2,4‐DNA, NB, 2‐NT, 3‐NT, 4‐NT, 2,6‐DAT, 2‐M‐3‐NA, 2,3‐DNT, 2,4‐DNT, 3,4‐DNT, 4‐A‐2‐NT, 2‐A‐4‐NT, TNB, 4‐A‐2,6‐DNT, 3,5‐DNA, 2‐A‐4,6‐DNT, 1,3‐DNB, 4‐MA, 2,6‐DNT, TNT, 3,5‐DNT, and 2,4‐DA‐6‐NT. Various instrumental methods were used, including LC/UV and LC/amperometric detection with mass spectrometry confirmation of analytes. GC/MS and LC/MS techniques using a Hewlett Packard MSD, a Finnigan MAT GCQ ion trap, and a Fisons AutospecQ were applied. Instrumental detection limits were about 0.4 µg/L using tandem mass spectrometry. For some sites, the groundwater was contaminated with up to 6000 µg/L per component, whereas the levels of transformation products were detected as low as 0.4 µg/L. The residues of explosives are believed to have leached directly from contaminated soils at the sites. Fractionation of groundwater samples followed by toxicity testing using microtox bioassays, revealed that the nitro compounds (NB, 2,4‐DNT, 2,4,6‐TNT, 4‐A‐2,6‐DNT, and 2‐A‐4,6‐DNT) were in general the principal acute toxic components at most sites investigated, whereas the mutagenic effects were assigned to the amino compounds.
Comparison of Yield, Nutritive Value, and In Vitro Digestibility of Monocrop and Intercropped Corn-Soybean Silages Cut at Two Maturity Stages

Limited information on nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility of corn-soybean intercropped silage is available. The objective of this study was to compare corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean (Glycine max L. Yesilsoy) monocrop silage with corn-soybean intercropped silages in term of yield, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility. Intercropping was as follows: 1 row corn to 1 row soybean (1M1S), 1 row corn to 2 rows soybean (1M2S) and 2 rows corn to 1 row soybean (2M1S). The crops were harvested when the corn reached 3/5 or 1/4 milk line. The silage samples were analysed for pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. Also, in vitro true (IVTD) and in vitro NDF (IVNFD) digestibilities were determined in the silages samples. The DM, EE, calculated non structural carbohydrate values were higher in silage harvested at 1/4 than 3/5 milk line. All intercropped silages had higher CP values (1M1S, 8.3%; 1M2S, 10.1%; 2M1S, 8.0%) than the monocrop corn (SM, 6.8%) silage. The NDF and ADF levels were higher for 1M1S, 2M1S and SM compared with 1M2S and monocrop soybean (SS) silage. In vitro true DM digestibility of all silages increased with maturity stage; it was higher for the 1M2S than other silages. It is concluded that corn-soybean intercropped silage has better nutrient composition and digestibility than SM or SS silage.
Differential effectiveness of calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and 25% propolis as a root canal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis (In vitro)

Background: One of the most common microorganisms found in infected teeth after root canal treatment is Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). This bacteria can cause failure in root canal treatment, so it is necessary to provide intracanal medicament, such as calcium hydroxide, which can increase antibacterial effectiveness by adding a mixing agent. One of the calcium hydroxide mixing ingredients is chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate gel 2%, which can increase the activity of hydroxyl ions in calcium hydroxide. A natural mixing ingredient is 25% propolis, which contains flavonoids with an antibacterial effect. Objective: The aim is to determine the difference in antibacterial effectiveness between a combination of calcium hydroxide with 2% CHX digluconate or 25% propolis as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis (in vitro) bacteria. Methods: This research used an experimental in vitro laboratory test with 18 teeth that had a single root canal. Teeth were sterilized, had root canal treatment, and cut off at the crown. Antibacterial efficacy was calculated by measuring optical density (OD) values with spectrophotometry. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The largest OD difference group was in the calcium hydroxide mixture 25% propolis than calcium hydroxide mixture 2% CHX gel. Conclusion: There was a difference in the antibacterial power of the intracanal medicament, calcium hydroxide combination with 2% CHX digluconate gel or 25% propolis. The combination of calcium hydroxide with propolis 25% more effective than the mixture of calcium hydroxide with 2% CHX digluconate as root canal medicament against E. faecalis bacteria.
Machine Learning Approaches for Prognostication of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the poorest prognosis in glioma. Although Temozolomide (TMZ) with radiotherapy following tumor resection is currently the standard treatment, the high cost has become an economic burden in a limited-resource setting. In an era of disruptive innovation, machine learning (ML) has been recently performed to be the clinical prediction tool for prognostication, especially GBM. The aim of the study was to assess the predictability of ML algorithms for 2-year survival in patients with GBM. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with GBM. Various clinical, radiological, and treatment variables were collected, and the outcome was a 2-year living status as bi-classifiers. The candidate variables, which had a P<0.1, were performed to train the ML model. For training the ML model, random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machines were used for training the model and testing the predictive performance. Results: There were 190 GBM patients in the cohort. Four candidate variables were used for building the ML model and testing the performance of each algorithm. The LR and RF algorithms had an acceptable performance for predicting a 2-year survival with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at 0.82 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion: ML-based algorithms had an acceptable performance for the prognostication of 2-year survival in GBM patients that could be implicated in real-world practice for selecting patients with a favorable prognosis and developing treatment strategies for resource allocation in a limited-resource setting.
Validation of revised reading the mind in the eyes test in the Indian (Bengali) population: A preliminary study

Background: Social cognition deficits are common in clinical populations but there is a dearth of standardized social cognition assessment tools in India. Theory of mind (ToM) is an important aspect of social cognition which is often assessed with the revised reading the mind in eyes test (RMET-R). However, we do not have a statistically validated version of the test for the Indian population. Aim: This study aims to assess the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Bengali version of the RMET-R. Materials and Methods: We administered the RMET-R to 23 patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ), 22 patients with bipolar disorder, and 104 healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument in the Indian (Bengali) population. Results: We obtained moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.6) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.64, P < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between RMET-R and Wechsler picture arrangement (r = 0.60, P < 0.001), picture completion (r = 0.54, P < 0.001), and comprehension subtests (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). Patients with SCZ (M = 49.7, standard deviation [SD] = 16.5) scored significantly lower than HCs (M = 68.9, SD = 13.8) (P = 0.008; Cohen's d = 1.3) on the RMET-R. Thus this tool could discriminate patients who are reported to have Theory of Mind deficits from healthy controls. Conclusion: The Bengali version of the RMET-R is a reliable and valid tool for assessing first-order ToM insofar as the original RMET-R measures this construct.
Evaluation of Tunica Vaginalis Free Graft as a Better Alternative to Tunica Vaginalis Pedicled Flap for Providing Waterproof Cover in Stage II Hypospadias Repair

Background: Tunica vaginalis (TV) flap has been used by many surgeons as a waterproof layer to cover neourethra. We present our experience in using free TV graft as an alternative to TV flap for providing waterproof cover in second-stage hypospadias repair. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of ten patients with severe hypospadias who underwent Stage II hypospadias repair over a period of 15 months was carried out. Free TV graft was used to cover neourethra in all the patients. Results: The median age of patients was 3.5 years. Six patients had proximal hypospadias with severe chordee and four patients had peno-scrotal hypospadias. Eight patients had undergone Byars procedure and two patients had undergone Bracka's procedure during the first stage repair in the same institute. The mean operative time for Stage II repair using free TV graft was 150 min (standard deviation ± 15 min). All patients passed urine in good stream following stent/feeding tube removal. The average duration of hospital stay was 11 days. None of our patients developed urethrocutaneous fistula. Only one patient had superficial surgical site infection. All patients are well on follow-up after 6 months. Conclusion: Free TV graft could be used in place of TV flap as an intermediate waterproof cover to reduce the incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula in staged II hypospadias repair; however, studies involving a larger number of patients would be required to draw conclusions.
A comparative evaluation of the effect of different access cavity designs on root canal instrumentation efficacy and resistance to fracture assessed on maxillary central incisors: An in vitro study

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effect of different access cavity designs on root canal instrumentation efficacy using micro-computed tomography (CT) scan and resistance to fracture evaluated using the universal testing machine on maxillary central incisor. Materials and Methodology: Forty extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were divided into four groups for each access cavity. The access cavities were prepared according to predefined criteria and were further assessed under Micro-CT to evaluate pre and postoperative instrumentation efficacy. After biomechanical preparation and obturation, the teeth were wrapped with tin foil to maintain a thickness of 0.2–0.3 mm as periodontal ligament. Then, the silicon impression material was applied in the acrylic alveolus, to maintain and simulate the thickness of periodontal ligament and fracture resistance was checked using the universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test. Pair-wise comparison was made using post hoc multiple comparison (Tukey) test. Results: Fracture resistance was highest (1272 N) for the control group followed by the Lingual Conventional Access Group (1153.90 N). Fracture resistance for Lingual Cingulum Access Group was 1130.70 N and least for the Lingual Incisal Straight-Line Access Group (1022.80 N). This difference in fracture resistance among all the groups was significant (P = 0.001). Overall comparison showed that dentin volume reduction (DVR) for Group II was 22.45 mm3, for Group III was 17.37 mm3 and for Group IV was 28. 41 mm3. This difference in DVR among the three groups was significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The most effective instrumentation efficacy was obtained in lingual incisal straight-line access group, followed by lingual cingulum access group, followed by lingual conventional access group. The most effective fracture resistance was obtained in the lingual conventional access group, followed by the lingual cingulum access group, followed by the lingual incisal straight-line access group.
Novel BEST1 mutation in autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy in Japanese siblings

PURPOSE: Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is a disease that results from the mutations in the BEST1 gene. It is characterized by multifocal yellowish lipofuscin deposits, cystoid macular edema, and subretinal fluid. Among approximately 270 BEST1 mutations, only 40 that include both heterozygous and homozygous mutations are associated with ARB. However, very few ARB-related mutations have been reported in the Japanese population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify BEST1 mutations and describe the genotype–phenotype relationship in Japanese dizygotic twins presenting with ARB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed clinical examinations in Japanese dizygotic twin patients (male: 29 years) with ARB as well as whole-exome sequencing in seven family members of these twins. RESULTS: In this study, we have reported on a novel BEST1 mutation, the p. Phe151Cys mutation, associated with ARB in Japanese dizygotic twins who had bi-allelic p. Ala160Pro mutations in BEST1. The clinical features observed were binocular abnormalities of the fundus, such as multifocal yellowish subretinal deposits, cystoid macular edema, and subretinal fluid. The full-field electroretinography results were subnormal. CONCLUSION: It was indicated that the novel BEST1 mutations identified may be strongly correlated with binocular ARB. This study provides significant information of the genotype–phenotype association in Japanese ARB patients. Further, the genetic analysis that we performed was very useful for the differential diagnosis and might have implications in the development of future treatment modalities.