Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation and characterization of holmium oxide on germanium‐based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor capacitor

The influence of different thermal oxidation/nitridation durations (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) at 400°C for transforming metallic Ho sputtered on Ge substrate in N2O gas ambient have been systemically investigated to develop Ho2O3/Ge based on metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) device. The structural and chemical properties of the film were characterized using X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Cubic‐Ho2O3 dielectric layer has been formed along with sandwiched interfacial layer (IL) between substrate Ge and high‐k interface comprising tetragonal‐GeO2, GeOx, and cubic‐Ge3N4 compounds. Energy band alignment for Ho2O3/IL/Ge MOS stack has been determined from XPS spectrum where 10‐minute sample exhibited maximum conduction band offset, ΔEc ~ 2.47 eV and valance band offset, ΔEv ~ 4.67 eV, inducing lower leakage current density, J ~ 10−5 A cm−2 at the higher electrical breakdown, EBD ~ 8.59 MV cm−1. The electrical results of this sample also revealed higher dielectric constant k ~ 13.60, lowest effective oxide charge, slow trap density, and interface trap density which has been attributed to the confinement of Ho2O3 dielectric interface and densification Ge3N4 interfacial compound. An oxidation/nitridation model related to Ho2O3/IL/Ge stack growth is being proposed. It has been anticipated that Ho2O3 could serve as a gate dielectric oxide for Ge‐based MOS systems such as a capacitor.
Electric-field-induced lowest state in bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbon

We investigated the lowest state in the bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbon by taking the electric field into account. In this calculation, we considered five collinear configurations of magnetic moment of carbon atoms at the four edges. We found that the lowest state changes as the electric field is applied. We also showed that at the high electric field, those five configurations almost become degenerate. This suggests that the lowest state is not robust to the electric field so that the electric field can control the lowest state in the bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbon.
Safe Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control of Robot for Human-Robot Interaction Using Barrier Function Transformation

In this chapter, safety methods in human-robot (HR) interaction/collaboration are presented. Ensuring the safety of humans, objects, or even the robot itself in the robot’s operating environment is one of the crucial aspects of collaborative robotics. Since there are limited ways of controlling the behavior of humans, e.g., by placing physical barriers, shaping the behavior of the robot is a feasible option. The chapter discusses current methods of placing barriers for human safety in an industrial setting and novel methods of placing virtual barriers by designing robot controllers using barrier transformation. The concepts of barrier functions (BFs), control barrier functions (CBFs), and barrier transformations are reviewed. The barrier transformation concept is used to design an adaptive trajectory tracking controller for the robot such that the robot does not cross the virtual barriers. The designed controller is tested in simulations. Future directions of safety technology in human-robot collaboration are presented.
Effects of Science Reader Belief and Reading Comprehension on High School Students’ Science Learning via Mobile Devices

This research examines senior high school students’ earth science learning effects, focusing on the influence of science reading beliefs when employing mobile devices. The revision of the Science Reader Belief Inventory (SRBI) was used to examine the connections for high school students’ personal scientific reading beliefs and reading comprehension of earth science learning effectiveness conditions when using mobile devices to learn. The learning outcome was determined using achievement tests. In this research, 97 students from three classes of first-year high school students were enrolled in an eight-week experimental teaching study followed by an achievement test. The major findings are as follows: (1) High school students’ transaction beliefs were stronger than transmission beliefs. Transaction beliefs were significantly correlated with transmission beliefs. (2) Scientific beliefs may take a long time to change. (3) Whereas traditional reading comprehension strategies seem to have relied more heavily on vocabulary development, in an e-learning environment, students tend to rely on sentence-level parsing to understand scientific texts. This research provides a reference for teachers within learning environments in which information is incorporated into technology instruction, and various learning scenarios are used.
Hydrolyzed Karaya Gum: Gelatin Complex Coacervates for Microencapsulation of Soybean Oil and Curcumin

This is the first report on utilizing hydrolyzed karaya gum (HKG) as a novel polyanion material for complex coacervation with gelatin A. With negative zeta potentials at pH > 2.5, HKG formed the complex coacervate with a maximum yield at pH 3.75 and 1 : 1 HKG:gelatin ratio. The optimal complex coacervates were used to encapsulate soybean oil containing curcumin using different shell:core ratios, homogenization speeds, concentrations of emulsifier, and drying techniques. Optical microscopy showed that increasing homogenization speed and Tween 80 concentration produced smaller and more uniform coacervate particles. Increasing the shell:core mass ratio from 1 to 4 resulted in a linear increase in encapsulation efficiencies for both soybean oil and curcumin. Accelerated peroxidation tests on the microcapsules showed enhanced protective effects against oil peroxidation when increasing shell:core ratios and using freeze-drying instead of oven-drying at 50 oC. In vitro release of curcumin in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was faster when using freeze-drying and decreasing shell:core ratio. This study shows perspective novel applications of HKG in microencapsulating active ingredients for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Carboxymethyl sago pulp/carboxymethyl sago starch hydrogel: Effect of polymer mixing ratio and study of controlled drug release

Carboxymethyl sag o pulp (CMSP)/carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) hydrogel was synthesized by electron beam irradiation. In the series of hydrogels prepared, 40%/20% CMSP/CMSS hydrogel had the highest gel fraction. The swelling capacity of CMSP/CMSS hydrogel was found to be highest in distilled water, followed by pH 11, pH 7.4, and pH 1.2. Scanning Electron Microscope photographs revealed that the drug-loaded hydrogel had a smoother surface than unloaded hydrogel. Fourier Transform Infrared and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis showed the absence of interaction between the hydrogels and the drug. All drugloaded hydrogels had drug encapsulation efficiency between 63% and 69%. CMSP/CMSS hydrogel swelled and allowed the release of drug at pH 7.4. These properties qualify the hydrogel as a potential candidate for controlled drug release at the ocular and colonic regions. VC 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43652.
Decisional styles and online study activity: efficient, inefficient, misdirected or avoidant

ABSTRACT Within a Learning and Teaching Support platform, Janis and Mann’s (1977). “Emergency Decision Making: A Theoretical Analysis of Responses to Disaster Warnings. ” Journal of Human Stress 3 (2): 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/0097840X.1977. 9936085) model of decision making was used to examine relationships between people’s decisional styles, objective measurements of file use and the subsequent quality of their work. A total of 95 Undergraduate Psychology students consented to the monitoring of their online study behaviours, and completed the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire. Better online grades were linked to the general ability and better decisional self-esteem. Greater amounts of file access were associated with hypervigilance and more time spent online. The number of missed supplementary online quizzes was related to poorer decisional self-esteem, fewer files accessed online but less procrastination. While good decisional styles were associated with better quality outcomes, defective decisional styles can manifest online as greater file access or fewer tasks completed. An absence, inappropriate or an excess of online activity can indicate students are defensively avoidant or panicking and need assistance.
Mixed-Reality Simulation With Preservice Teacher Candidates: A Conceptual Replication

Given the critical importance of discrete instructional practices in special education, teacher candidates must be prepared to implement them upon entering the classroom. In preservice teacher education programs, field placements and clinical experiences rarely provide enough opportunities for preservice teachers to gain the proficiency needed to provide effective instruction. In this study, a randomized control research design was used to investigate the effects of a mixed-reality simulation experience compared with traditional classroom practice in the implementation of a system of least prompts. Results suggest that mixed-reality simulation with additional coaching supports significantly improved preservice teachers’ implementation of the prompting sequence. Social validity data collected offer insights into the use of mixed-reality simulation in practice with preservice teachers. Limitations and suggestions for future work are discussed.
Hazelnuts classification by hyperspectral imaging coupled with variable selection methods

The increasing normative requirements and market competitiveness lead the agricultural sector and the food industry to constantly look for new fast and non-destructive classification logics that can be applied for product sorting applications and/or quality control actions. With reference to hazelnut production, the dried fruits must be sorted from unwanted foreign bodies or inedible hazelnuts that can negatively affect the quality of the final product. In this perspective, the utilization of HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI) can be applied to set-up a novel hazelnuts quality control. Hazelnuts and contaminants were acquired by a push-broom hyperspectral device working in the Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR: 1000-2500 nm) region. A PLSDA model was set up in order to identify 3 classes of products (i.e. edible hazelnuts, hazelnut shells and rotten hazelnuts) with the highest level of efficiency in full spectrum mode (Precision = 0.92, Accuracy = 0.94, Efficiency = 0.94). Subsequently, different variable selection methods (i.e. Interval PLSDA, Selectivity Ratio and Variable Importance in Projection score methods) were adopted in order to identify the fundamental bands to recognize the 3 classes and evaluate which of the variable selection methods shows efficiency values close to the values obtained by the full spectrum mode. VIP score-based classification showed the best performance, with Precision, Accuracy and Efficiency values equal to those based on full spectrum PLSDA. Classification results suggest that this methodological approach can be powerful to develop and implement hazelnut sorting and/or quality control strategies. Moreover, the variable selection approach allows to increase processing speed , compared to that in full spectrum mode, making possible online applications directly at plant scale.
Nonprofit Online Responsiveness: An Exploratory Field Experiment in China

This article assesses sources of nonprofit responsiveness and identifies potential drivers for responsiveness, using an online field experiment involving philanthropic foundations in China (N = 3,254). Baseline requests were sent out to the foundations through emails and vignettes were applied to treatment groups by inserting different identity claims or prompts into the contents of the emails. Experimental results showed that, compared with the control group, potential donors were more likely to receive responses, claims concerning government ties or media backgrounds resulted in fewer responses, and citing legal obligations could increase the odds of receiving satisfactory responses. Interpreting the results with reference to stakeholder salience theory, we argue that potential donors are the most salient stakeholders to foundations. Donor requests and legal obligations are the most effective forces driving foundations’ responsiveness in China.
Microwave‐crosslinked bio‐based starch/clay aerogels

Foam-like robust starch/sodium montmorillonite (Na+-MMT) aerogels were fabricated through a freeze-drying process. Glutaraldehyde (GL) was used to crosslink the starch aerogels with the assistance of radiation supplied by a domestic microwave oven. The chemical reaction between GL and starch was analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and water swelling tests. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the resultant crosslinked starch aerogels changed with GL concentration. By incorporating 5% (w/w) GL, the specific compressive modulus and absorbed energy increased by 2.4 and 3.3 times, respectively. In regard to starch/clay aerogel composites, Na+-MMT clay played the role of reinforcement. Moreover, clay addition created more porous structures and hence decreased the thermal conductivity of the aerogels. The biodegradability of the aerogels was studied using a homemade micro-respirometer. The starch aerogels exhibited higher biodegradability than poly(vinyl alcohol)-based ones and their corresponding films.
Exploring Fusarium Head Blight Resistance In a Winter Triticale Germplasm Collection

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a destructive disease affecting the grain yield and quality of wheat, barley, rye and triticale. Developing varieties with genetic resistance is integral to successfully managing FHB. However, significant knowledge gap exists in the genetic diversity present in triticale for FHB resistance. This information is critical for breeding new varieties of triticale as its production continues to increase. In the present study, a set of 298 winter triticale accessions from a worldwide collection were screened for their type-2 FHB resistance in an artificially inoculated misted nursery with high levels of inoculum density. Most of the triticale accessions were susceptible to FHB, and only 8% of accessions showed resistance in the field nursery screening. The resistant accessions identified in the nursery screening were selected and further screened for three years in greenhouse conditions. Seven accessions were found to show robust FHB resistance over the three years of greenhouse testing. Thirteen accessions showed significantly lower levels of Deoxynivalenol accumulation when compared to the susceptible triticale control. The accessions identified in the study will be useful in triticale and wheat breeding programs for enhancing FHB resistance and reducing DON accumulation.
Patterns and predictors of early electric vehicle adoption in Massachusetts

Abstract In Massachusetts and beyond, ambitious long-term initiatives seek to curtail increases in carbon pollution that contribute to climate change and carry detrimental impacts to population health and safety. Widespread electrification of the passenger vehicle fleet is celebrated as a fundamental strategy for achieving substantial long-term transportation-related greenhouse gas reductions. Unfortunately, in spite of this understood need, the number of EVs on our roadways remains relatively insignificant and the evidence base remains limited in its ability to inform decisionmakers as to what set of factors related to an individual, their surrounding context, or the new technology itself will contribute most to increasing passenger EV adoption. This study utilizes a unique data set enumerating passenger vehicle purchases and utilization in Massachusetts from 2008 to 2016 to (i) describe geographic and temporal patterns of EV adoption and (ii) identify the environmental factors that have predicted the purchase and utilization of EVs by these early adopters. Our study finds that early EV adoption in Massachusetts has largely been an urban phenomenon displaying a gradual and incremental increase in the consumer market share. At a neighborhood scale, early EV adoption in Massachusetts has been limited primarily to higher-income households residing in single-family homes. However, if policy actions follow, the significant association of public charging stations with EV adoption and other informative study findings can carry the potential to direct investments and incentives to ensure the Commonwealth’s lofty legislatively-mandated targets are met in coming years.
The Role of Flexibility in the Realization of Inclusive Education

This study focused on associations between teachers’ flexibility and their use of evidence-based strategies in inclusive education in a sample of N = 119 teachers. Flexibility showed direct effects on teachers’ attitudes towards the achievement of mainstream students and students with learning difficulties, attitudes towards social benefits of inclusion for students with emotional and behavioral disturbances, and on teachers’ self-efficacy regarding the support of students’ social skills. Furthermore, indirect effects of flexibility on intentions and behavior regarding the support of social skills were found. The findings emphasize the importance of teachers’ flexibility in the realization of inclusive education.
Coping with Loss Aversion and Risk Management in the Supply Chain Coordination

In this paper, we apply a combined revenue sharing and buyback contract to investigate the channel coordination of a two-echelon supply chain with a loss-averse retailer. Since loss-averse decision makers usually take on more risks, the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure is introduced to hedge against it and the retailer’s objective is to maximize the CVaR of utility. We obtain the retailer’s optimal order quantity under the combined contract. It is shown that there is a unique wholesale price coordinating the supply chain if the retailer’s confidence level is less than a threshold that is independent of contract parameters. Moreover, a complete sensitivity analysis of parameters is carried out. In particular, the retailer’s optimal order quantity and coordinating wholesale price decreases as the loss aversion or confidence level increases, while it increase as the buyback price or sharing coefficient increases. Furthermore, there exists the situation where the combined contract can coordinate the chain even though neither the revenue sharing nor buyback contract can when the contract parameters are constrained.
Behavior Choice of Game Parties under the Interference of Cognition in the Game between Coal Miners and Supervisors

In the game between coal miners and supervisors, the behavior choices of the game parties will be affected by cognitive factors. The analysis of the behavior choices of coal miners and supervisors under the influence of cognitive factors is helpful for the design of violation behavior control strategies. Firstly, a description method of subjective cognition based on the mathematical method of quantum theory is designed. Secondly, taking the subjective cognition of coal miners and supervisors as a random variable, a behavior evolution model with random variables is constructed. Thirdly, the impact of subjective cognition on the behavior choices of coal miners and supervisors is analyzed. Finally, the violation behavior control strategy is designed. It is found that when the violation probability decreases to a certain extent, the probability of supervision will change from the increase to decrease. When the probability of supervision decreases to a certain extent, the violation probability will change from the decrease to increase. Fluctuations in cognitive state can affect the change process of violation probability and supervision probability. The behavior control strategy designed according to the behavior evolution model can control the violation behavior in the situation of cognitive state fluctuation.
Hip tuberculosis at stage IV: Outcomes and some conditions for total hip replacement

Background : Total hip replacement during active hip tuberculosis has been a controversial issue for a long time. Some authors advocate hip replacement during the healed stage, while others believe it should be done in active hip tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes, a suitable time and necessary conditions for the total hip replacement in active hip tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study. The study enrolled 40 patients with 42 active tuberculosis hips at stage IV treated by total hip replacement strategy between October 2016 and December 2019 at the National Lung Hospital, Vietnam. The patients had been done total hip replacement by either one- or two-stage depending on hip abscesses to assess surgical outcomes and some factors associated with the logistic regression analysis model. The patients were then evaluated based on Harris hip score and sinus tract formation. Results: The average follow-up was 30 months (range, 14-50 months). Surgical outcomes showed that 37 cases (88.1%) had an excellent hip function and no abscess or sinus tract formation. Four cases (9.5%) had sinus tract formations, but the hip function was still in the excellent class by Harris hip-score (HHS). One case (2.4%) had a good hip function with a Harris hip score of 86 points, without sinus tract formation. The binary logistic regression models revealed that sinus tract formation was associated with preoperative tuberculosis infection syndrome but not associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, acetabular osteomyelitis, trans-trochanteric osteomyelitis, a history of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or corticosteroid dependence. The average time from patients getting antituberculosis treatment to hip replacement was 4.6 weeks. Conclusion: Total hip replacement for active hip tuberculosis was a practical and promised treatment method (excellent result: 88.1% and good: 11.9%). The surgery should be considered to improve patients' conditions pre-operation in taking anti-tubercular drugs, eliminating all abscesses, diminishing tuberculosis infection syndrome, inflammatory response, and choosing a suitable time of getting tuberculosis treatment.
A Pathway to Precision Medicine for Aboriginal Australians: A Study Protocol

(1) Background: Genomic precision medicine (PM) utilises people’s genomic data to inform the delivery of preventive and therapeutic health care. PM has not been well-established for use with people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestry due to the paucity of genomic data from these communities. We report the development of a new protocol using co-design methods to enhance the potential use of PM for Aboriginal Australians. (2) Methods: This iterative qualitative study consists of five main phases. Phase-I will ensure appropriate governance of the project and establishment of a Project Advisory Committee. Following an initial consultation with the Aboriginal community, Phase-II will invite community members to participate in co-design workshops. In Phase-III, the Chief Investigators will participate in co-design workshops and document generated ideas. The notes shall be analysed thematically in Phase-IV with Aboriginal community representatives, and the summary will be disseminated to the communities. In Phase-V, we will evaluate the co-design process and adapt our protocol for the use in partnership with other communities. (3) Discussion: This study protocol represents a crucial first step to ensure that PM research is relevant and acceptable to Aboriginal Australians. Without fair access to PM, the gap in health outcome between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians will continue to widen.