Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbol and Symbolism

The word “symbol” has had a long and complex history since antiquity. Today it may designate very different sorts of concepts in the most varied contexts. The use in mathematics or symbolic logic is almost diametrically opposed to its use in literary criticism, and even there it vacillates, for “symbol” often cannot be distinguished from “sign,” “synecdoche” and “allegory. ” In Northrop Frye's influential Anatomy of Criticism (Princeton, 1957) it is defined “as any unit of any work of literature which can be isolated for critical attention” (p. 367). The word comes from the Greek verb symballein, “to put together,” and the noun symbolon, “sign,” “token” which originally referred to a half-coin which the two parties to an agreement carried away as a pledge for its fulfillment. Late in the seventeenth century its use, e.g., in Leibniz, seems to have served often as a designation for a mathematical sign. Its application to literature with a clearly defined meaning, contrasting it with allegory, occurred first in Germany late in the eighteenth century. Symbol, Sinnbild, emblem, hieroglyph, allegory were used almost interchangeably by Winckelmann, Lessing, and Herder. Only Kant in Die Kritik der Urteilskraft (Critique of Judgment; 1790) gave symbol a more precise meaning in the context of aesthetics. He expressly rejects “the modern logicians” (i.e., Leibniz and Wolff) who use it in opposition to “intuitive representation. ” “Symbolic representation is only a kind of intuitive representation,” and symbols are “indirect representations of the concept through the medium of analogy. ” “Beauty is a symbol of morality” (paragraph 59). Goethe, who began to use the term after 1797, drew then the distinction between symbol and allegory most clearly, particularly in Maximen und Reflexionen: “True symbolism is where the particular represents the more general, not as a dream or a shadow, but as a living momentary revelation of the Inscrutable. ” And perhaps most sharply: “Allegory changes a phenomenon into a concept, a concept into an image,” while symbolism “changes the phenomenon into the idea, the idea into the image, in such a way that the idea remains always infinitely active and unapproachable in the image, and will remain inexpressible even though expressed in all languages” (Nos. 314, 1112, 1113). Schiller, a close student of Kant, had used the term as early as 1794 in a review of Matthisson's poems, suggesting that the poet needs a “symbolic operation” to change inanimate nature into human nature. Nature should become a “symbol of the internal harmony of the mind with itself” by a “symbolism (Symbolik) of the imagination. ” In a letter to Goethe Schiller praises Shakespeare's Richard III for using “symbols where nature cannot be depicted” (Nov. 28, 1797) and recommends the introduction of “symbolic devices” (Behelfe) to take the place of an object (Dec. 29, 1797). In the Preface to Die Braut von Messina (1803) Schiller asserts boldly that “everything in poetry is only a symbol of the real. ”
Solving Travelling Salesman Problem Using Artificial Bee Colony Based Approach

This paper mainly explains about the performance of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithms in solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). The main goal of TSP is that a number of cities should be visited by a salesman and return to the starting city along with a number of possible shortest routes. As the domain experts are difficult to find & knowledge extraction from the experts itself is difficult task the data driven modeling assume significance, One has to apply soft computing base methodology to generate rule base form data. Neural networks, genetic algorithm & particle swam optimization are some of the approaches [1]. Basic Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) has the advantages of strong robustness, fast convergence and high flexibility, fewer setting parameters, but it has the disadvantages premature convergence in the later search period and the accuracy of the optimal value which cannot meet the requirements sometimes [4].
Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Website Pada Sekolah Menegah Pertama Negeri 1 Donorojo Kabupaten Pacitan

Abstract - Library was established to meet the information needs in the form of print media that can be accessed by everyone. There are various types of libraries one of which is the school library. The school library is a facility used to store information about education, science and providing information services in the form of library services to students at the school. Library of junior high school School 1 Donorojo administrative data management library still having many problems that can hinder the process of service to students. With still found problems in the management of administrative data inlibraryJuniorHighSchoolSchool1 Donorojo then made a software that can provide solutions to assist librarians in managing administrative data libraries Medium School 1 Donorojo. The results could provide a solution to improve library services and staff performance in terms of data management as well as the library administration and accelerate lending transactions backing books by students. Keywords: library information system Abstrak - Perpustakaan didirikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi dalam bentuk media cetak yang yang bisa diakses oleh semua orang. Ada beragam jenis perpustakaan salah satunya adalah perpustakaan sekolah. Perpustakaan sekolah merupakan fasilitas yang digunakan untuk menyimpan informasi mengenai pendidikan, ilmu pengetahuan dan memberikan jasa informasi dalam bentuk layanan perpustakaan kepada siswa-siswi di Sekolah. Perpustakaan sekolah menengah pertama Negeri 1 Donorojo dalam pengelolaan data administrasi perpustakaan masih banyak menemukan masalah yang bisa menghambat proses pelayanan kepada siswa-siswi. Dengan masih ditemukan masalah dalam pengelolaan data administrasi pada perpustakaan Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Donorojo maka dibuatlah suatu perangkat lunak yang bisa memberi solusi untuk membantu petugas perpustakaan dalam mengelola data administrasi perpustakaan Sekolah Menegah Pertama Negeri 1 Donorojo. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi solusi untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dan kinerja petugas perpustakaan dalam hal pengelolaan data administrasi perpustakaan serta mempercepat transaksi peminjaman dan pengembalian buku oleh siswa. Kata kunci : Sistem informasi perpustakaan
A BiCMOS image sensor circuit for pattern recognition neural network

The authors present a new image sensor with a chopper-stabilized edge detector and a correlated-double-sampling readout circuit, based on a 2- mu m BiCMOS technology for pattern recognition neural network VLSI applications operating at 77 K. With the chopper-stabilized edge detector and the correlated-double-sampling readout technique, the two-dimensional photodiode array, which can be efficiently built with only one readout circuit, provides a bidirectional edge detection capability for high resolution image sensing applications operating at 77 K. >
Priority polling and dynamic time-window mechanisms in a multicycle Fieldbus

Real-time local area networks have to handle synchronous and asynchronous data transfer. The data transfer is handled in two different phases or time windows. Priority polling algorithms that generate the polling sequence for the data transfer automatically respecting the periodic deadlines are presented. Dynamic mechanisms to extend time-windows are introduced and the network bandwidth is utilized more efficiently. These algorithms are computed during the real-time operation of the network. <<ETX>>
A location management method using network hierarchies

Recent advances in network and computer technologies have led to the development of the mobile computing environment. In this environment, the location management is one of the most important issues. In this paper, for reducing the traffic volume of the location management, we propose a hierarchical location management method. This method divides a network into multiple groups (areas) where each area has at least one router. The locations of mobile hosts in an area are managed within the area, independently from those in other areas. Furthermore, the most suitable location management method for an area is used in this area. We also show results of simulation experiments for verifying the efficiency of the method. These results show that our proposed method can reduce the traffic volume of the location management.
The feature interaction problem in telecommunications systems

The development of telecommunications features is difficult for many of the same reasons that software development is difficult. The need for rapid feature introduction requires separation of applications from the system, allowing multiple vendors to concurrently develop features. A key obstacle to the concurrent development of features, the feature interaction problems is examined. As a framework for studying feature interactions their effects on customers and developers are discussed, and tools and methods that exist or are emerging that reduce their impact on the development process are considered.
Exploiting PCA classifiers to speaker recognition

A novel approach to text-independent speaker recognition using a new classifier, called principal component space (PCS) is proposed in this work. This classifier uses the subspaces spanned by the principal components as the criteria. Together with other PCA classifier, it forms a hybrid classifier which is another technique presented here. All of these classifiers were applied to speaker recognition in particular on YOHO corpus. The experimental works show promising results.
Constraint logic programming and mixed integer programming

Constraint logic programming (CLP), which combines the complementary strengths of the artificial intelligence (AI) and OR approaches, is introduced as a new tool for formalizing constraint satisfaction problems that include both qualitative and quantitative constraints. CLP(R), one CLP language, is used to contrast the CLP approach with mixed integer programming (MIP). Three relative advantages of CLP over MIP are analyzed: representational efficiency for domain-specific knowledge; partial solutions; and ease of model revision. A case example of constraint satisfaction problems is implemented by MIP and CLP(R) for comparison of the two approaches. The results exhibit the representational economics of CLP with computational efficiency comparable to that of MIP. <<ETX>>
Physical design of temporal databases

The primary focus of research into temporal databases has been on logical data modeling. Yet, the feasibility of implementing such databases depends as much on the development of retrieval and storage structures that are suited to the unique nature of temporal data. In this paper, we discuss the major parameters that impact the physical design and distinguish temporal databases from conventional ones. This is followed by a proposal of structures to support the efficient processing common single-relation temporal queries. 19 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs.
Combined speech and audio coding using non-linear adaptations

A combined speech and audio coder is proposed. The coder structure resembles a low-delay CELP coder, however, the excitation gain is adapted non-linearly in a sample-by-sample fashion by using a trained neural network, and the spectral parameters are derived from backward non-linear prediction based on a second-order Volterra filter. A perceptual weighting filter derived from psychoacoustic analysis in the spectral domain is used to shape the coding noise. The proposed non-linear adaptation schemes significantly improve the effectiveness of using an analysis-by-synthesis model for coding audio signal. Simulation results show that transparent coding of wideband (7 kHz) speech and audio at 24 kbps is achieved.
Storoke-based Suibokuga-Like Rendering for Three-Dimensional Geometric Models Ten and Shun Touches:Ten and Shun Touches

Non-photorealistic rendering has become an important research topics in computer graphics in recent years. We have previously proposed a non-photorealistic rendering method to generate Suibokuga-like images of trees. This method was suitable only for representing trees in Mokkotsuho paintings because the images were generated from three-dimensional skeleton data. In this paper, we propose a method to generate Suibokuga-like images of arbitrary objects from three-dimensional geometric models, such as polygonal models. The proposed method realizes Kou, Ten, and Shun brush stroke techniques for creating Sensenbyoho paintings, which are a typical Suibokuga style for representing landscapes. Moreover, the images can be generated from arbitrary viewpoints and light source information. The ability of this method is demonstrated by showing various example.
Design of radial basis function-based controller for autonomous parking of wheeled vehicles

This work describes the development of an efficient automated parking support system for passenger cars. By using advances in artificial neural network technology and a classical combination of linear feedback and feedforward control, the authors propose a novel design for a parking motion controller. The paper presents the results of the controller design and analysis, including parking problem analysis, feedback controller stability analysis, formulation and optimal solution of the parking trajectory planning problem, and design of a novel parking motion planning architecture based on a radial basis function network. A general case of backward parking is emulated using the proposed controller. The emulation results reveal high efficiency of the presented approach and demonstrate that the proposed system can implemented on a typical passenger car.
Graphically Mapping Electronic Discussions: Understanding Online Conversational Dynamics

Transcripts of electronic discussions have traditionally been examined via the use of conversational analysis techniques. Coding such transcripts provides rich data regarding the content and nature of the discussions that take place. However, understanding the content of a message is not limited to the actual message itself. An electronic message is sent either in response to or to start a discussion thread. Examining the entry point of a new message can help to clarify the dynamics of the community discussion. Electronic discussions do not appear to follow traditional conversational norms. New messages may be immediate responses or they can be responses to messages posted over a longer period of time in the past. However, by graphically mapping electronic discussions, a clearer understanding of the dynamics of electronic discussions can be achieved. This article presents the findings of a study that was conducted on three online communities for teachers. The transcripts of electronic discussions were collected and examined via conversational analysis. These messages were then analysed via graphical mapping and the findings concluded that three distinct patterns exist which electronic discussions may follow. It was further discovered that each of these patterns was indicative of a distinct type of electronic discussion. The findings from this study offer further insight into the nature of online discussions and help us to understand online conversational dynamics.
The Influence of Thematic Graphics in the Interpretation of Narrative Text

THE INFLUENCE OF THEMATIC GRAPHICS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF NARRATIVE TEXT by Chad C. Mortensen Master of Arts in Psychology Psychological Science Option California State University, Chico Spring 2009 This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that decorative graphics serve to reveal the underlying themes of accompanying text, and are not benign in their influence of deeper comprehension processes. One-hundred-forty undergraduate volunteers read or listened to a classic literary short story (Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway) accompanied by either one of two decorative graphics or no graphic at all and wrote an essay of their understanding of the passage and its underlying themes immediately and one week later. Results revealed that decorative graphics enhanced understanding of the passage at both the literal and deep semantic level of the passage but only when the graphic was related metaphorically to the story themes. The effect was apparent immediately following reading and became even stronger one week later. The
The UDC Philosophy revision project

One concern is the well known and long criticised problem that the UDC Class 1 is more suited to accommodate European philosophy, while the philosophy of other cultures and civilizations is often subsumed to religion and is very poorly provided for (Kyle, 1966; Gornik, 2007). For instance, while it is possible to denote e.g. Indian philosophy using combination with place 1(540), it is not easy to classify Brahmanic-Sanskritic scholasticism and schools of Indian philosophy (astika, nastika) or literature on the six astika schools: school of logic, the atomist school, the enumeration schools, the school of Patanjali, Mimasa or Vedic philosophy. At present, the existing concepts in philosophy in UDC are organized into three main categories: nature of philosophy, disciplines of philosophy, and philosophical systems. In practice, however, there is often the need to express subjects that relate concepts from these three categories and combine them. In order to support this not only do we need a new terminology but also the entire class ought to be better structured to support synthesis. The present enumerative structure of the class does not allow for logical extension of contemporary terminology such as ‘philosophical anthropology’, ‘social philosophy’, ‘metaphilosophy’, etc.
Three Challenges to Chalmers on Computational Implementation

The notion of computational implementation is foundational to modern scientific practice, and in particular, to explanation in cognitive science. However, there is remarkably little in the way of theoretical understanding of what computational implementation involves. In a series of papers, David Chalmers has given one of our most influential and thorough accounts of computational implementation (Chalmers, 1995, 1996, 2012). In this paper, I do three things. First, I outline three important desiderata that an adequate account of computational implementation should meet. Second, I analyse Chalmers’ theory of computational implementation and how it attempts to meet these desiderata. Third, I argue that despite its virtues, Chalmers’ account has three shortcomings. I argue that Chalmers’ account is (i) not sufficiently general; (ii) leaves certain key relations unclear; (iii) does not block the triviality arguments.
Comparison between InSAR and leveling

The Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) technique has been applied to a test site located near Vauvert (France). A subsidence phenomenon has been previously observed by leveling. Precise monitoring of the phenomenon is needed in relation with deep (more than 1 km) exploitation of underground salt by solution mining, in order to constrain further geomechanical modeling studies for a better knowledge of its evolution. The InSAR measurements has been compared to the available leveling data.
On the use, usefulness, and ease of use of structural equation modeling in MIS research: a note of caution

Structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL, EOS, PLS, or other second genration data analysis techniques is increasingly being applied in MIS research. These techniques are important because they provide powerful ways to address key IS research problems such as understanding IT usage. However, they may lead to inappropriate conclusions if statistical criteria are permitted to drive analysis and override substantive understanding of a problem. The purpose of this note is to suggest the need for caution in the application of structural equation modeling and, in particular, to emphasize the need for substantive knowledge to drive modeling, exploration, and interpretation of results. The application of SEM in the absence of well-developed substantive knowledge can lead to equivocal results and may distract researchers from promising research paths.
Hopfield neural networks control for optimal solutions

It is shown that introducing control elements into the Hopfield neural network aids in avoiding local minima in the network solution. Procedures for designing a modified Hopfield neural network with control elements are discussed. The application of the modified neural network to analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion is illustrated. It is shown how to determine the controllers to obtain the correct behavior of an A/D converter by utilizing the theory of variable structure systems. Also, it is shown that the solution presented by the output is independent of the initial state of the modified neural network. <<ETX>>
Capacity enhancement of CDMA cellular systems by two-hop relaying

A routing algorithm, utilizing two-hop relaying when necessary, is proposed to enhance the capacity of CDMA cellular systems under heavy traffic load condition. Up to now, multihop transmissions are mainly applied to decrease the transmit power of each mobile station or to extend the cell coverage area. Here, in this paper, its potential benefit is studied that the multihop relaying and spatial frequency reuse might increase the network capacity. A condition for interference reduction by changing some single-hop connections to two-hop connections is analyzed and an efficient routing scheme for two-hop code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular systems to reduce co-channel interference at the base station is proposed. Simulation results indicate that by using proposed routing algorithm in combination with call admission control, the network capacity is increased even under heavy traffic condition.
3D model‐based free‐form object recognition – a review

Purpose – In model‐based recognition the 3D models of objects are stored in a model library during an offline phase. During the online recognition phase, a view of the scene is matched with the model library to identify the location and pose of certain library objects in the scene. Aims to focus on the process of 3D modeling and model‐based recognition.Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses the process of 3D modeling and model‐based recognition along with their potential applications in industry with a particular emphasis on robot grasp analysis. The paper also emphasises the main challenges in these areas and give a brief literature review.Findings – In order to develop an automatic 3D model‐based object recognition system it is necessary to automate the process of 3D modeling and recognition. The challenge in automating the 3D modeling process is to develop an automatic correspondence technique. The core of recognition is the representation scheme. Recognition is an online process. Therefore.
Characterization of planar passive circuits using source method

A source method is developed for analysing STEP and GAP discontinuities in microstrip circuits. We propose to model the circuit by a rigorous method. including sources and using roof top trial functions. The roof top expansion functions approach is largely developed in the literature for complex discontinuities. Nevertheless, this approach generates a large matrix system. The numerical results obtained, giving the transmission coefficients for the STEP and GAP discontinuities, are compared with previously published data.