Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methylobacterium, a New Genus of Facultatively Methylotrophic Bacteria

A new genus and a new species of methane-oxidizing bacteria are described. The colonies produced by these bacteria are pink, circular, and convex with entire margins. Cells are gram negative and are normally found singularly with some rosettes. Negative stains indicate polar flagellation. In thin sections, intracytoplasmic membranes, similar to those described as type II in other methylotrophs, were present when the cells were grown with methane. No such membranes were apparent when the cells were grown with the other carbon and energy sources tested. The serine pathway for formaldehyde incorporation is the pathway of C1 metabolism. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 66 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Methylobacterium is proposed as the name for this new genus of rod-shaped, methane-oxidizing bacteria. The specific epithet in the name of the type species, Methylobacterium organophilum sp. nov., denotes the preference of this organism for organic carbon and energy sources more complex than methane. The type strain of M. organophilum is XX (= ATCC 27886). This bacterium differs from all previously described genera and species of methane-oxidizing bacteria in its ability to utilize a variety of organic substrates with carbon-carbon bonds as sources of carbon and energy. The pathways for methane oxidation and the assimilation of one-carbon units are repressed during growth on complex organic substrates.
Inband Full-duplex Self-backhauling in Ultra-dense Networks

Traditionally, the backhauling of data in cellular networks has been handled by connecting the base station (BS) or access node (AN) to a core network via a physical cable. This ensures high data rates for the backhaul link, but requires the installing of cables that entails a high cost. This is an especially significant issue in the ultra-dense networks, where the number of ANs is too high for a physical backhaul link to be commercially feasible. To this The authors are with Laboratory of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland.
Sequential Inference for Hidden Markov Models

In many applications data are collected sequentially in time with very short time intervals between observations. If one is interested in using new observations as they arrive in time then nonsequential Bayesian inference methods, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, can be too slow. Increasingly, state space models are being used to model nonlinear and nonGaussian systems. The structure of state space models allows for sequential Bayesian inference so that an approximation to the posterior distribution of interest can be updated as new observations arrive. In special cases, the exact posterior distribution can be updated through conjugate Bayesian inference. However, for the general state space model this is not possible. In quantitative finance hidden Markov models have been used to analyze and forecast percent log returns of an asset or a group of assets. In this thesis the Liu and West [2001] auxiliary particle filter is applied to sequentially update the posterior distribution of a hidden Markov model with unknown state and observation distribution parameters.
Convolutional Graph Embeddings for article recommendation in Wikipedia

In this master thesis, we were solving the task of a recommendation system to recommend articles to edit to Wikipedia contributors. Our system is built on top of articles’ embeddings constructed by applying Graph Convolutional Network to the graph of Wikipedia articles. We outperformed embeddings generated from the text (via Doc2Vec model) by 47% in Recall and 32% in Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) score for English Wikipedia and by 62% in Recall and 41% in MRR for Ukrainian in the offline evaluation conducted on the history of previous users’ editions. With the additional ranking model we were able to achieve total improvement on 68% in Recall and 41% in MRR on English edition of Wikipedia. Graph Neural Networks are deep learning based methods aimed to solve typical Machine Learning tasks such as classification, clusterization or link prediction for structured data - Graphs - via message passing architecture. Due to the explosive success of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) in the construction of highly expressive representations - similar ideas were recently projected onto GNN. Graph Convolutional Networks are GNNs that likewise CNNs allow sharing weights for convolutional filters across nodes in the graph. They demonstrated especially good performance on the task of Representation Learning via semi-supervised tasks as mentioned above classification or link-prediction.
Pollen morphological diversity in selected species of Persicaria Mill. (Family; Polygonaceae).

Summary of pantoporate pollen measurements, shape and sculpturing features in Persicaria Mill. species (All measurements are in µm). Sr. no. Species Pollen class Pollen shape Pollen diameter µm Size of lumen µm Exine thickness µm Intine thickness µm Sculpturing Under LM Under SEM 1 P. amphibia Pantoporate Spheroidal 51±2.91 (45-55) 5.9±1.62 (2.5-9.5) 3.3 1.5 Roughly reticulate Reticulate 2 P. sinuata Pantoporate Spheroidal 31±1.00 (30-35) 4.5±0.37 (3.5-5) 4.2 1.5 Reticulate Finely reticulate, lumina with regularly distributed pila 3 P. hydropiper Pantoporate Spheroidal 44.8±1.06 (42-47.5) 6.8 ± 1.67 (4.5-10) 3.6 0.5 Reticulate Finely reticulate with slight granulation in lumina, lumina broader in the middle of diameter 4 P. stagnina Pantoporate Spheroidal 17.5±1.98 (11.5-23) 1.2±0.22 (0.8-1.9) 2.0 Indistinct Reticulate Reticulate, thick muri covered with bacula and lumina with occasional granules 5 P. longiseta Pantoporate Spheroidal 40.5±1.98 (32.9-45 ) 7.1±1.61 (3.5-11) 4.0 1.5 Reticulate Reticulate, benzene ring like lumina filled with numerous pila 6
Security Comparison between Android and iOS

-The usage of Smartphones in regular life has progressed in the recent years bringing new ways to create and transfer personal and business information. Android and iOS are the two mostly used platform among various mobile operating systems. Out of which Android users are slightly more than iOS, 1.4 billion android users and 1.0 billion iOS users worldwide at present. There are issues in the use of strong security controls in Android as well as iOS versions. This paper concerns about all the security control issues related to these two mobile operating system. This work presents the comparison between Android and iOS based on various security parameters such as communication, vulnerabilities in software, hardware, malware, resource management. It also states solutions to enhance and improve the current using parameters in the
Transanal versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: a meta-analysis of short-term outcomes

Introduction The benefit of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for mid and low rectal cancer is conflicting. Aim To assess and compare the short-term outcomes of TaTME with conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) for middle and low rectal cancer. Material and methods We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for studies addressing TaTME versus conventional LaTME for rectal cancer between 2008 and December 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies which compared TaTME with LaTME were included. Results Twelve retrospective case-control studies were identified, including a total of 899 patients. We did not find significant differences in overall intraoperative complications, blood loss, conversion rate, operative time, overall postoperative complication, anastomotic leakage, ileus, or urinary morbidity. Also no significant differences in oncological outcomes including circumferential resection margin (CRM), positive CRM, distal margin distance (DRM), positive DRM, quality of mesorectum, number of harvested lymph nodes, temporary stoma or local recurrence were found. Although the TaTME group had better postoperative outcomes (readmission, reoperation, length of hospital stay) on average, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Transanal total mesorectal excision offers a safe and feasible alternative to LaTME although the clinicopathological features were not superior to LaTME in this study. Currently, with the lack of evidence on benefits of TaTME, further evaluation of TaTME requires large randomized control trials to be conducted.
Mechanisms behind the puzzle: microtubule–microfilament cross-talk in pavement cell formationThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

Recent studies are revealing plausible mechanisms that help explain how the two major cytoskeletal systems of plant cells interact to co-ordinate morphogenesis in diffusely expanding cells. In this article, we focus on the development of pavement cells typically found in the leaf epidermis, and highlight work that provides insights into the mechanisms that generate their complex morphology. Pavement cells interdigitate with adjacent cells, forming narrow neck regions interspersed with lobe-like projections. Earlier analysis demonstrated that distinct banding of cortical microtubules and associated accumulation of cell wall material was responsible for maintaining the neck regions during expansion. More recently, it has been determined that patches of fine actin microfilaments regulate the formation of lobing regions. This zonation into microtubule-rich bands and actin patches is coordinated by the activity of Rops, small GTPases that control a wide range of signalling pathways including ones that remodel .
Comment on “Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Real-Time Therapist Support via Videoconference for Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder: Pilot Single-Arm Trial”

David Zargaran, BSc, MBBS, MRCS; Caoimhe Walsh, BSc, MBBS, MRCS; Foteini Stefania Koumpa, BSc, MBBS, MRCS; Muhammad Arsalan Ashraf, BSc, MBBS, MRCS; Amelia Jayne White, BSc, MBBS; Nikhil Patel, BSc, MBBS, MRCS; Ravina Tanna, BSc, MBBS, MRCS; Anna Trepekli, BSc, MBBS; Alexander Zargaran, BSc, MBBS 1St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom 2London Deanery, London, United Kingdom 3Oxford Deanery, Oxford, United Kingdom 4Luton and Dunstable Hospital, London, United Kingdom 5Univesity College Hospital, London, United Kingdom 6St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
Decreased survival and calcium uptake by the crayfish Orconectes virilis in low pH.

As part of a study of the effects of the experimental whole-lake acidification of Lake 223 in the Experimental Lakes Area on the population of the crayfish Orconectes virilis physiological responses of adults from this population to low pH were examined in the laboratory. Crayfish survived pH 4.0 for 10 d when they were not moulting but suffered mortality when they were in postmolt stages. Postmolt crayfish held at pH 5.0 for 10 d survived but showed slower progression of molt cycle stages and of calcification of the exoskeleton than individuals held at pH 6.0 or in lake water at about pH 6.7. Uptake of Ca++ by postmolt crayfish measured by the use of 45Ca as a tracer was inhibited by pH below 5.75 and ceased altogether below pH 4.0 when these levels of acidity were applied acutely.Key words: Orconectes virilis, crayfish, molt cycle, mortality, pH, calcification, postmolt calcium uptake, acid rain, lake acidification
INTERACTIVE KNOWLEDGE VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR EXHIBITION CURATION

This paper presents interactive knowledge visualization tools supporting knowledge workers in the process of curating digital content for exhibitions, showrooms, visitor centers or museums. The tools developed in the research project DKT (Digital Curation Technologies), funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), use language and knowledge technologies (such as information extraction, image recognition, classification and clustering) to automatically process digital multimedia content and then provide interactive visualizations of the results. The tools are thus not meant to replace knowledge workers but rather to support them and allow them to handle more content in a shorter span of time while maintaining or even increasing the quality of the curation process. Given this particular application scenario, the performance and accuracy of current state-of-the-art algorithms from Artificial Intelligence, though far from being perfect, is already good enough. The focus of the project work presented in this paper is on information extraction and text content.
Nutrition to Prevent or Treat Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A GRADE Recommendation

Aging is associated with cognitive declines leading to mild cognitive impairments or Alzheimer disease. Nutrition appear to protect from aging. Some dietary factors could either increase or protect against cognitive declines. This article aimed to provide GRADE recommendations related to nutrition aspects able to prevent or to treat cognitive impairments. A comprehensive literature review was performed using Medline database. The GRADE approach was used to classify quality of the existing evidence (systematic review or meta-analysis). The GRADE process led us to formulate seven key nutritional recommendations to manage cognitive declines, but did not allow us to do it for protein, vitamin B or antioxidants. Thus, 1) adherence to a Mediterranean diet (GRADE 1B); 2) high-level of consumption of mono- or poly- unsaturated fatty acids combined to a low consumption of saturated fatty acids (GRADE 1B); 3) high consumption of fruits and vegetables (GRADE 1B); 4) higher vitamin D intake (GRADE 1C) than the recommended daily allowance. In addition, a ketogenic diet, a low consumption of whole-fat dairy products or a caloric restriction are promising nutritional habits although the evidence does not yet support widespread uptake (GRADE 2C). In conclusion, nutrition is an important modifiable factor to prevent or protect against cognitive decline. Nevertheless, more studies are required to determine specific guidelines such as duration and amounts of nutrients to help older adult to maintain a healthy cognitive life.
Anatomical backgrounds on gas exchange parameters in the lung

Many problems regarding structure-function relationships have remained unsolved in the field of respiratory physiology. In the present review, we highlighted these uncertain issues from a variety of anatomical and physiological viewpoints. Model A of Weibel in which dichotomously branching airways are incorporated should be used for analyzing gas mixing in conducting and acinar airways. Acinus of Loeschcke is taken as an anatomical gas-exchange unit. Although it is difficult to define functional gas-exchange unit in a way entirely consistent with anatomical structures, acinus of Aschoff may serve as a functional gas-exchange unit in a first approximation. Based on anatomical and physiological perspectives, the multiple inert-gas elimination technique is thought to be highly effective for predicting ventilation-perfusion heterogeneity between acini of Aschoff under steady-state condition. Changes in effective alveolar PO2, the most important parameter in classical gas-exchange theory, are coherent with those in mixed alveolar PO2 decided from the multiple inert-gas elimination technique. Therefore, effective alveolar-arterial PO2 difference is considered useful for assessing gas-exchange abnormalities in lung periphery. However, one should be aware that although alveolar-arterial PO2 difference sensitively detects moderately low ventilation-perfusion regions causing hypoxemia, it is insensitive to abnormal gas exchange evoked by very low and high ventilation-perfusion regions. Pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) and the value corrected for alveolar volume (VAV), i.e. DLCO/VAV (KCO), are thought to be crucial for diagnosing alveolar-wall damages. DLCO-related parameters have higher sensitivity to detecting abnormalities in pulmonary microcirculation than those in the alveolocapillary membrane. We would like to recommend four categories derived from combining behaviors of DLCO with those of KCO for differential diagnosis on anatomically morbid states in alveolar walls: type-1 abnormality defined by decrease in both DLCO and KCO; type-2 abnormality by decrease in DLCO but increase in KCO; type-3 abnormality by decrease in DLCO but restricted rise in KCO; and type-4 abnormality by increase in both DLCO and KCO.
Folk pedagogies and pseudo-theories: how lecturers rationalise their digital teaching

The gap in knowledge about how learning theories relate to everyday digital teaching practices in universities inhibits scholarly and practical developments in this area. This article reports on part of a qualitative research project which identified patterns across teaching modes, descriptions and accompanying rationales. It found that learning theories played a minor role in educators’ rationales, even though many of their teaching practices could be described as pedagogically ‘sound’. Although social constructivist approaches were strongly represented in the data, the most widespread rationales for technology uses were folk pedagogies and pseudo-educational theories. This contradicts much of what scholarship and ‘edtech’ culture espouses as pedagogically led technology use. Such educational technology orthodoxies hinder the progress of theory use in this area and fail to address the realities of how lecturers use digital technologies. While it may come as no surprise that educators did not articulate their practices referencing learning theories, the dominance of pseudo-theories in this research represents a threat to the criticality of scholarship and practice in this area. This article recommends that critical and scholarly approaches to digital teaching are encouraged, and that folk and pseudo-theories are acknowledged and leveraged in the support and development of digital teaching.
Clinical, pathologic and epidemiologic features of infection with Scedosporium prolificans: four cases and review

Objective To describe the features of infection with Scedosporium prolificans and to investigate the possibility of a common source of infection. Methods S. prolificans caused invasive infections in four patients at Liverpool Hospital from 1994 to 1997, prompting a pathologic and epidemiologic investigation. Blood cultures were processed by either the BACTEC NR660 or VITAL systems. MIC testing was performed with Etest strips. Strain differentiation of isolates from three of the patients and two soil samples from the home of one of the patients was performed by allozyme electrophoresis. Results The four cases represented disseminated infections that arose during prolonged neutropenia, and progressed relentlessly despite treatment, including in one case high-dose liposomal amphotericin B. In two cases, VITAL blood culture bottles contained mycelia of S. prolificans without the reader having signaled. An autopsy was performed in three of the cases. Angio-invasion, tissue necrosis and multiple abscesses were found in each patient. Multiple air samples from the ward were negative for S. prolificans. The organism was grown from two samples of pot plant soil from the home of one patient. Allozyme electrophoresis performed on isolates from three cases and pot plant soil indicated that all strains were unrelated. Furthermore, two patients appeared to harbor at least two different strains of S. prolificans. Conclusions S. prolificans causes disseminated infection in neutropenic patients. Antifungal treatment, including high-dose liposomal amphotericin B, is ineffective in overcoming these infections. Genetic techniques discriminated all strains and suggested that an outbreak had not occurred. Multiple strains of S. prolificans were isolated from two patients, indicating the possibility of mixed infections occurring.
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE ROCK OYSTER HYOTISSA HYOTIS (LINNÉ, 1758) (GRIPHAEIDAE) AT THE LA BALLENA ISLAND, GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO

Abstract The reproductive cycle of Hyotissa hyotis at Isla La Ballena, Gulf of California, was studied from August 1995 to December 1996. The histologic analysis revealed that spawning in H. hyotis occurred as a continued phenomenon throughout virtually the whole period of study, with a steep rise in the spawning effort during the warmest season in July and August. Optimal temperature for peak spawning was between 27°C and 28.5°C; however, spawning organisms were found at a temperature as low as 20.5°C. A significant correlation between spawning and temperature was observed. The sex ratio of adult organisms did not significantly differ from 1M:1F. Gonad-Index (GI) values are indicative of gonad development, hence these may be regarded as a reliable indicator of the time of spawning. Maximum GI values coincided with the highest percentage or organisms in the maturity stage. No significant relationship was detected between GI and temperature.
Alternative stable states in a wet calcareous dune slack in The Netherlands

Abstract Evidence is presented for the occurrence of alternative stable states in a wet calcareous dune slack on the Frisian island of Texel, The Netherlands. An early pioneer stage (0.5 kg m –2 total standing crop) and a more productive later successional stage (2.9 kg m –2 ) occur side by side, with sharp boundaries between them. The pioneer vegetation has been recorded at the site for more than 62 yr. These features indicate the occurrence of a positive‐feedback mechanism that has led to alternative stable states. Analyses of ground and surface water composition, and decalcification depths, indicated that hydrologically the study site can be characterized as a flow‐through slack, with exfiltration of calcareous groundwater on one side and infiltration of surface water on the other side of the slack. These differences in hydrological conditions have led to distinct differences in environmental conditions within the dune slack. The occurrence of the two successional stages can, however, not be explained by differences in hydrological conditions since both stages occur side by side in the centre of the dune slack. It is, therefore, more likely that biotic interactions are the cause of the vegetation pattern. Three possible mechanisms for feedback processes are discussed: (1) enhanced nitrogen loss; (2) sulfide toxicity and (3) nutrient accumulation in internal cycle. Nomenclature:van der Meijden (1996) for phanerogams; Schaminée et al. (1995) for syntaxa.