Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Different Organic Wastes on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield

Fresh and composted organic wastes [beet vinasse (BV), sewage sludge (SS), and a cotton gin crushed compost (CCGC)], were applied for 4 yr to a Typic Xerofluvent in dryland conditions near Seville, Spain. Organic wastes were applied at rates of 5,7.5, and 10 Mg organic matter ha -1 , respectively. The effect on the soil's physical properties, soil microbial biomass, and six soil enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease, β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and alkaline phosphatase activities) and the yield parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Cajeme) were ascertained. The application of CCGC compost improved the soil's physical (structural stability, bulk density), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage, ESP), and biological properties (microbial biomass, soil respiration, and enzymatic activities) and the wheat yield parameters; however, the application of SS adversely affected the soil biological properties and reduced the wheat yield, probably because high of amounts of heavy metals. The application of fresh BV also adversely affected the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties and the wheat yield, probably because high amounts of Na and fulvic acids were introduced into the soil by the vinasse, which destabilized its structure. Wheat yield decreased 22.5% in BV with respect to CCGC-amended soil, 13.6% in SS with respect to CCGC-amended soil, and 7.9% in BV with respect to SS-amended soil. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the three organic wastes notably influenced the soil properties and therefore the wheat yield parameters. Of the three organic wastes studied, alone the application of CCGC originated a positive effect in the soil and in the wheat yield parameters, while the application of BV and SS originated a negative effect in the soil properties and therefore in the wheat yield parameters.
Accessing Hominin Cognition: Language and Social Signaling in the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic

From an archaeological perspective, discussions on the nature of hominin evolution in regards to the development of language and cognition must also include the methods of gauging that ability from the material culture of the Palaeolithic record. In this respect, I shall summarize here a theoretical perspec-tive, the identity model (Cole, 2011, 2012, 2014a, 2014b, 2015b), which allows an assessment of the cognitive potential of ancient hominins through concepts of identity linked to visual display, material culture, and their role in hominin cognition, social communication, and language development. This chapter is intended to encourage discussion and invite debate across a number of disci-plines rather than make categorical statements on hominin cognitive capacity, language development, social constructions, or behavioral characteristics. As such, the material culture focus (and related cognitive implications for the respective hominins) shall lie primarily with the Lower Palaeolithic, specifically the Acheulean, although there shall be discussions within the model that relate to the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. The focus on the Lower Palaeolithic is to try and shed some still much needed light on when material culture started to play a conscious and direct role in mediating social relationships both within and between hominin social groups. For many, this relates to the imposition of form and standardization often associated with the Acheulean handaxe. This chapter shall present data that question this supposition using the British Palaeolithic record as a case study. More detailed analyses and results have been presented elsewhere (Cole, 2011, 2015a, 2015b); what shall be discussed here is a summary with particular focus on the impact for how archaeologists should view the cognitive capabilities of our hominin ancestors involved in material culture production.
Compactified cosmological simulations of the infinite universe

We present a novel $N$-body simulation method that compactifies the infinite spatial extent of the Universe into a finite sphere with isotropic boundary conditions to follow the evolution of the large-scale structure. Our approach eliminates the need for periodic boundary conditions, a mere numerical convenience which is not supported by observation and which modifies the law of force on large scales in an unrealistic fashion. We demonstrate that our method outclasses standard simulations executed on workstation-scale hardware in dynamic range, it is balanced in following a comparable number of high and low $k$ modes and, its fundamental geometry and topology match observations. Our approach is also capable of simulating an expanding, infinite universe in static coordinates with Newtonian dynamics. The price of these achievements is that most of the simulated volume has smoothly varying mass and spatial resolution, an approximation that carries different systematics than periodic simulations. Our initial implementation of the method is called StePS which stands for Stereographically Projected Cosmological Simulations. It uses stereographic projection for space compactification and naive $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ force calculation which is nevertheless faster to arrive at a correlation function of the same quality than any standard (tree or P$^3$M) algorithm with similar spatial and mass resolution. The $N^2$ force calculation is easy to adapt to modern graphics cards, hence our code can function as a high-speed prediction tool for modern large-scale surveys. To learn about the limits of the respective methods, we compare StePS with GADGET-2 \citep{Gadget2_2005MNRAS. 364.1105S} running matching initial conditions.
Distribution of value of travel − time savings CHF / hour Interpretation of counterintuitively signed value of travel-time saving estimates

In this paper, we discuss some of the issues that arise with the computation of the implied value of travel-time savings in the case of discrete choice models allowing for random taste heterogeneity. We specifically look at the case of models producing a non-zero probability of positive travel-time coefficients, and discuss the consistency of such estimates with theories of rational economic behaviour. We then describe how the presence of unobserved travel-experience attributes or conjoint activities can bias the estimation of the travel-time coefficient, and can lead to false conclusions with regards to the existence of negative valuations of travel-time savings. We note that while it is important not to interpret such estimates as travel-time coefficients per se, it is nevertheless similarly important to allow such effects to manifest themselves; as such, the use of distributions with fixed bounds is inappropriate. On the other hand, the use of unbounded distributions can lead to further problems, as their shape (especially in the case of symmetrical distributions) can falsely imply the presence of positive estimates. We note that a preferable solution is to use bounded distributions where the bounds are estimated from the data during model calibration. This allows for the effects of data impurities or model misspecifications to manifest themselves, while reducing the risk of bias as a result of the shape of the distribution. To conclude, a brief application is conducted to support the theoretical claims made in the paper.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF RC BEAMS FLEXURALLY STRENGTHENED BY CFRP LAMINATES

This paper presents the results of analytical studies concerning the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams by external bonding of high-strength lightweight carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates to tension face of the beam. Three groups of beams were tested analytically and compared with existing experimental results. Results of the numerical analyses showed that, although addition of CFRP plates to the tension face of the beam increases the strength, it decreases the beam ductility. Finite element modeling of fifteen different beams in a parametric study indicates that steel area ratio, CFRP thickness, CFRP ultimate strength and elastic modulus considerably influence the level of strengthening and ductility.
The Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Small Scale Turbulence at the Iberian Margin

Turbulence measurements were made off the northwest coast of Spain in January and August 1998. In winter the water column was vertically mixed to about 100 to 150 m, due to the combined effects of the vertical convection of warm northward-moving water and wind stress. A highly dissipative surface boundary layer was present at all times to a depth (of about 20 m) that correlated well with the local wind and wave amplitude. Below this layer dissipation levels decreased from about 10 -7 m 2 s -3 at a rate that was commensurate with 'law of the wall' boundary theory. Near the coast local brackish surface stratification served to depress mixing below the pycnocline. In summer, when the water column was thermally stratified, average dissipation levels were typically an order of magnitude smaller than in winter, even though the wind stress in the ocean was of similar magnitude. Bursts of enhanced mixing were occasionally observed in an internal wave field on the shelf. Dissipation levels were higher on the northern side of an upwelling filament (up to 10 -7 m 2 s -3 ) than in other parts of the ocean. Although eddy viscosity levels on the shelf and in the ocean were almost identical (about 8 cm 2 s -1 ), eddy diffusion on the shelf (0.37 cm 2 s -1 ) was about three times larger than in the ocean. This may indicate a higher frequency of mixing events on the shelf. The summer data were used to determine a mixing length (of about 0.3 ± 0.05 m) using an algorithm that mimicked the way that turbulence closure models compute dissipation from vertical shear and buoyancy over grid scales of several meters. The correlation between dissipation and the gradient Richardson number was poor and it is suggested that at the scales of the observations, and of some models, buoyancy is just as likely to act as a source of mixing as it is to act as a sink.
The relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China FA panel analysis using quarterly provincial data

In this paper we investigate the long-run and short-run relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China using the quarterly province-level panel data for the period 1999 q1 to 2007 q4. Recently developed econometric techniques for panel unit root testing and heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis are employed. The empirical results provide clear support of a stable long-run relationship between housing investment, non-housing investment and GDP in China. We then estimate the long-run elasticity of GDP with respect to housing investment for the whole country as well as three sub regions. The variations across regions are detected and reasons for this fact are discussed. Based on the panel ECM, we show that there is bidirectional Granger causality between housing investment and GDP in both short run and long run for the whole country, while the impacts of housing investment on GDP behave strikingly differently in the three sub-regions of China.
The Health Behaviour Inventory: Initial Development, Factor Structure and Evidence of Reliability

Abstract This study explored the factor structure and reliability of a new Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI) to assess the health behaviour of adults. Data in this study were collected from a total of 581 postgraduate students of the University of Cape Coast. The HBI was subjected to principal component factor analysis with Varimax (Kaiser Normalization). The Kaiser Meyer–Olkin measure was used to verify the sampling adequacy for the factor analysis, which yielded KMO of . 808. This indicated that the sample size was adequate and factor analysis could be performed on the data set. Bartlett’s test of Sphericity (χ2 = 8133.626, p = 0.000) was significant for the sample. The analysis yielded six factors with robust reliabilities. The six factors were: alcohol intake, smoking, dietary behaviour, physical exercise, salt intake and weight management. With respect to the reliability of the instrument, the HBI items yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of . 792 for the total scale. The exploratory factor analyses demonstrated good factor structure and internal consistency. However, since this is the first study to explore the HBI structure, the researchers recommended that further investigations into the psychometric properties (such as the predictive validity) of the instrument be carried out.
The Extent and Determinants of Voluntary Disclosures in Annual Reports: Evidence from Banking and Finance Companies in Sri Lanka

Corporate disclosures are essential for every stakeholders. Hence, in excess of mandatory disclosures companies are voluntary disclosed information. The voluntary disclosure level is different from company to company and there may be some factors which are affect to this variation. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to identify the extent of voluntary disclosure level and its determinants. In order to achieve these objectives the study develop a voluntary disclosure index including 83 items and the nine sub categories which include in this index analyzed by employing content analysis in the annual reports of quoted public banking and finance companies for the time period of 2012 to 2015. Furthermore, this study analyze the selected variable to identify the determinants of voluntary disclosure level by employing panel data analysis. The study find that disclosures about general information, corporate environment, financial performance and risk management has more than 61% level and Corporate strategy, forward looking information, human and intellectual capital, competitive environment and outlook and corporate social responsibility information have less than 45% average in 2015 and it indicates that there is a much room for improvement in the context of voluntary disclosures. Furthermore, the study find that firm size, profitability, firm’s age, leverage and board independence as determinants of voluntary disclosure level and among them firm size, profitability and firm’s age have positive relationship and leverage and board independence has negative relationship.
JEANS ANALYSIS OF THE GALACTIC THICK DISK AND THE LOCAL DARK MATTER DENSITY

Dynamical estimates of the mass surface density at the solar radius can be made up to a height of 4 kpc using thick disk stars as tracers of the potential. We investigate why different Jeans estimators of the local surface density lead to puzzling and conflicting results. Using the Jeans equations, we compute the vertical (Fz) and radial (FR) components of the gravitational force, as well as Γ(z), which is defined as Γ ≡ ∂ V c 2 / ∂ R ? > , with V c 2 ≡ − R F R ? > . If we assume that the thick disk does not flare and that all the components of the velocity dispersion tensor of the thick disk have a uniform radial scalelength of 3.5 kpc, Γ takes implausibly large negative values when using the currently available kinematical data of the thick disk. This implies that the input parameters or the model assumptions must be revised. We have explored, using a simulated thick disk, the impact of the assumption that the scalelengths of the density and velocity dispersions do not depend on the vertical height z above the midplane. In the absence of any information about how these scale radii depend on z, we define a different strategy. By using a parameterized Galactic potential, we find that acceptable fits to Fz, FR, and Γ are obtained for a flaring thick disk and a spherical dark matter (DM) halo with a local density ≳0.0064 M⊙ pc−3. Disk-like DM distributions may be also compatible with the current data of the thick disk. A precise measurement of Γ at the midplane could be very useful for discriminating between models.
Complications of Peripheral Endovascular Intervention

Objectives: to study the complications that may occur during and after endovascular intervention, how to minimize it and its definitive management. It also aims to assess factors that affect occurrence of complications and types and rate of complications in comparison to other studies. Methods: A prospective study included 128 patients who had peripheral endovascular intervention during the period from November 2009 to July 2010, they were properly assessed and followed during and after the procedure to find out patients who developed complications. Results: Complications occurred in 25 patients, 6 patients were claudicants while 19 patients had critical limb ischemia. Femoral artery access, Ipsilateral antegrade access was used in 12 limbs, ipsilateral retrograde access was used in 7 limbs and contralateral retrograde access was used in 3 limbs. Brachial artery access was used in 4 limbs, all on the left upper limb. Retroperitoneal bleeding, Perforation and Spasm occurred in one case for each. Haematoma occurred in 3 cases while 8 cases had thrombosis. Dissection occurred in 4 cases and Failure of thrombolytic therapy occurred in 2 cases. Occlusion developed in 3 cases and Restenosis occurred in 4 cases. Consequences of angioplasty ended with surgical repair in 7 cases, limb loss were the results in 4 cases and there was a case of mortality. Conclusions: PTA of lower limb arteries is a safe procedure, minimally invasive and is clinically effective in the majority of very elderly patients with CLI. Although occurrence of complications, the proper management of these complications may save the limb. The availability and high quality equipments are essential to achieve optimal results in endovascular procedures.
LIVE AND DEAD FORAMINIFERAL FAUNAS FROM SAINT-TROPEZ CANYON (BAY OF FRÉJUS): OBSERVATIONS BASED ON IN SITU AND INCUBATED CORES

The impact of sedimentary processes on the live (rose- Bengal-stained) foraminiferal faunas and on the composition of dead assemblages was investigated at a 373-m-deep station in Saint-Tropez Canyon (Bay of Frejus, France). For the . 150-mm fraction, biocoenoses and thanatocoenoses were investigated in two 10-cm-long cores collected with a classical Barnett multi-corer. In the 63- to 150-mm size fraction, living faunas were investigated in the first centimeter of the sediment. The first core was fixed with ethanol and rose- Bengal at the time of the sampling (the in situ core) whereas the second core was stored in a culture room during a 2.5- year-long incubation before its fauna was investigated. Both cores present similar thanatocoenoses (.150-mm size fraction) that are substantially contaminated by neritic foraminifera presumably transported from adjacent shelves. The sedimentological analysis of a third core reveals neither graded sediments nor erosional surfaces. Abundant organic remains are detected downcore in the muddy silt sediment. All these observations preclude the idea of deposition by a recent turbidite. Therefore, our canyon environment seems to behave at present as a depocenter for a rather continuous flux of fine sediment and resuspended organic matter originating from shallower areas.
Reading Literacy and Learning Strategies in First Language Learning: A Multilevel Approach

This study documents an investigation of multilevel data from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment to examine the reading literacy of 5,944 15-year-old students in Jordanian schools. A multilevel model was employed to examine the factors linked to students’ reading literacy from both students’ and schools’ levels. At students’ level, the study revealed that metacognition, elaboration, memorization, structuring, and scaffolding strategies were significant predictors of students’ reading literacy. At schools’ level, the study showed that school type, extracurricular activities, and teachers’ behaviour were significant predictors of students’ reading literacy. Practical implications and recommendations to research community at local and international levels are provided in this study.
Quantum quench phase diagrams of an s -wave BCS-BEC condensate

We study the dynamic response of an s-wave BCS-BEC (atomic-molecular) condensate to detuning quenches within the two channel model beyond the weak coupling BCS limit. At long times after the quench, the condensate ends up in one of three main asymptotic states (nonequilibrium phases), which are qualitatively similar to those in other fermionic condensates defined by a global complex order parameter. In phase I the amplitude of the order parameter vanishes as a power law, in phase II it goes to a nonzero constant, and in phase III it oscillates persistently. We construct exact quench phase diagrams that predict the asymptotic state (including the many-body wavefunction) depending on the initial and final detunings and on the Feshbach resonance width. Outside of the weak coupling regime, both the mechanism and the time dependence of the relaxation of the amplitude of the order parameter in phases I and II are modified. Also, quenches from arbitrarily weak initial to sufficiently strong final coupling do not produce persistent oscillations in contrast to the behavior in the BCS regime. The most remarkable feature of coherent condensate dynamics in various fermion superfluids is an effective reduction in the number of dynamic degrees of freedom as the evolution time goes to infinity. As a result, the long time dynamics can be fully described in terms of just a few new collective dynamical variables governed by the same Hamiltonian only with "renormalized" parameters. Combining this feature with the integrability of the underlying (e.g. the two channel) model, we develop and consistently present a general method that explicitly obtains the exact asymptotic state of the system.
Deprivation, Segregation, and Socioeconomic Class of UK Immigrants: Does English Proficiency Matter?

This paper studies the causal effect of English proficiency on residential location outcomes and the socioeconomic class of immigrants in England and Wales, exploiting a natural experiment. Based on the phenomenon that young children learn a new language more easily than older children, we construct an instrument for English proficiency using age at arrival in the United Kingdom. Taking advantage of a unique dataset, we measure the extent of residential segregation along different dimensions, and find that poor English skills lead immigrants to live in areas with a high concentration of people who speak their same native language, but not necessarily in areas with a high concentration of people of their same ethnicity or country of birth. This finding could suggest that, for immigrants with poor English proficiency, what matters for their residential location decision is language spoken by residents, as opposed to ethnicity or country of birth. We also find that language skills have an impact on the occupation-based socioeconomic class of immigrants: Poor English skills reduce the likelihood of being in the occupation-based class 'higher managerial and professional' and increase that of being in the class 'self-employment'.
A Response to German Fairy Tale: Young Chinese Attitude to Romantic Relationship

This paper deals with the love attitude between men and women among young generation of Chinese ethnicity in Malaysia. Sixty-eight students from a public university were presented with a German literary text, Maid Maleen, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire with 32 items. The results show the similarities and differences between the characters’ (Maid Maleen, the prince and the kings) and Chinese Malaysians’ attitudes towards love. In Chinese Malaysian culture, family plays an important role in romantic relationships; however, Maid Maleen thinks otherwise. Prearranged marriage is unacceptable although it takes place in a very short time. Both Chinese Malaysians and Maid Maleen expect to find their ideal partner regardless of time. In sum, the German story is generally perceived positively by Chinese Malaysians, except they disagree with prearranged marriage (by the kings) and disrespect for parents (by