Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquired platelet antagonism: off‐target antiplatelet effects of malignancy treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Platelets can contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer patients are at increased risk of thrombosis, and advanced stages of cancer are associated with thrombocytosis or increased platelet reactivity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used as a targeted strategy for cancer treatment, with the aim of prolonging progression‐free survival of the patients. Because of their broad kinase target spectrum, most TKIs inevitably have off‐target effects. Platelets rely on tyrosine kinase activity for their activation. Frequently observed side effects are lowering of platelet count and inhibition of platelet functions, whether or not accompanied by an increased bleeding risk. In this review, we aim to give insights into: (i) 38 TKIs that are currently used for the treatment of different types of cancer, either on the market or in clinical trials; (ii) how distinct TKIs can inhibit activation mechanisms in platelets; and (iii) the clinical consequences of the antiplatelet effects of TKI treatment. For several TKIs, the knowledge on affinity for their targets does not align with the published effects on platelets and reported bleeding events. This review should raise awareness of the potential antiplatelet effects of several TKIs, which will be enhanced in the presence of antithrombotic drugs.
The role of benzathine penicillin G in predicting and preventing all-cause acute respiratory disease in military recruits: 1991–2017

Abstract The adenovirus vaccine and benzathine penicillin G (BPG) have been used by the US military to prevent acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in trainees, though these interventions have had documented manufacturing problems. We fit Poisson regression and random forest models (RF) to 26 years of weekly ARD incidence data to explore the impact of the adenovirus vaccine and BPG prophylaxis on respiratory disease burden. Adenovirus vaccine availability was among the most important predictors of ARD in the RF, while BPG was the ninth most important. BPG was a significant protective factor against ARD (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.70), but less so than either the old or new adenovirus vaccine (IRR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.38–0.39 and IRR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.11–0.11), respectively. These results suggest that BPG is moderately predictive of, and significantly protective against ARD, though to a lesser extent than either the old or new adenovirus vaccine.
System Diagramming Techniques: An Analysis of Methods Used in Accounting Education and Practice

System diagrams (SD) are an integral component of system documentation and have become increasingly important in response to heightened awareness surrounding process improvement and documentation as well as compliance concerns with legislation such as the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. SD is also an important concept in accounting information systems and auditing education. This study examines SD commonly included in accounting curricula and compares the methods with those used by accounting practitioners. The SDs included in the study are system flowcharts, entityrelationship diagrams, data flow diagrams, resource‐event agent models, process maps, and Unified Modeling Language. The results include analyses of frequency of use, purpose of use, and strengths and weaknesses based on several dimensions. Using a survey of accounting practitioners, we find that SD use in practice is not entirely consistent with what is included in accounting curricula. This study can be useful to accounting educators by providing insight.
Biosynthesis of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles by Halomonas elongata IBRC-M 10214 in different conditions of medium

Introduction: In the recent years, green synthesis is a novel method without some disadvantages of physical and chemical methods. In this approach, bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, and plants may be applied without utilizing toxic and expensive materials for metal nanoparticles (MNPs) preparation. Methods: In this study, we used Taguchi method to obtain optimum conditions in titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle (NPs) biosynthesis by Halomonas elongata IBRC-M 10214. Design and analysis of Taguchi experiments (an orthogonal assay and analysis of variance [ANOVA]) carried out by the Qualitek-4 software. Effects of TiO(OH)2, incubation temperature, and culturing time for synthesis of TiO2 NPs as well as ZnCl2 concentration, glucose concentration, and incubation temperature for the preparation of ZnO NPs were evaluated as the controllable factors with 3 levels. Characterization of TiO2 and ZnO NPs were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Also, the antimicrobial properties of these NPs were investigated based on agar diffusion assay of NPs dispersed in batch cultures using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Results: It was evaluated that TiO2 and ZnO NPs had respectively average diameter sizes of 104.63±27.75 and 18.11±8.93 nm with spherical shapes. In contrast to the TiO2 NPs without antibacterial activity, the ZnO NPs had antibacterial effects at 0.1 and 0.01 M of (ZnCl2). Conclusion: The ZnO NPs have the antibacterial effect that can be operative in the medicinal aspect for fighting against prominent MDR bacteria such as E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 43300. In total, this study presents a simple method in the biosynthesis of TiO2 and ZnO NPs with low the expense, eco-friendly, and high productivity properties.
Critical curvature localization in graphene. I. Quantum-flexoelectricity effect

Here, we report the discovery of a new, curvature-localizing, subcritical buckling mode that produces shallow-kink corrugation in multi-layer graphene. Our density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveals the mode configuration—an approximately 2 nm wide boundary layer of highly localized curvature that connects two regions of uniformly but oppositely sheared stacks of flat atomic sheets. The kink angle between the two regions is limited to a few degrees, ensuring elastic deformation. By contrast, a purely mechanical model of sandwich structures shows progressive supercritical curvature localization spread over a 50–100 nm wide boundary layer. Our effective-locality model of electromechanics reveals that coupling between atomic-layer curvature and electric-charge polarization, i.e. quantum flexoelectricity, leads to emergence of a boundary layer in which curvature is focused primarily within a 0.86 nm fixed band width. Both DFT and the model analyses show focused distributions of curvature and polarization exhibiting oscillating decay within the approximately 2 nm wide boundary layer. The results show that dipole–dipole interaction lowers the potential energy with such a distribution. Furthermore, this model predicts peak-polarization density approximately 0.12 e- nm−1 for 3° tilt angle. This high polarization concentration can be controlled by macroscopic deformation and is expected to be useful in studies of selective graphene-surface functionalization for various applications.
A Test of Age Estimation Methods on Impacted Third Molars in Males

This study tests the relationship between third molar impaction and its concomitant effect on age estimation methods. Data were collected on radiographs of males analyzed in the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Laboratory (n = 114). Radiographs of skeletonized individuals were scored for dental development, and age was assigned based on the appropriate ancestry‐based method. Differences between identified age and estimated dental age were assessed to determine whether molar impaction affected root development and age estimations. Results indicate that impacted teeth tend to be underdeveloped and result in age estimates that are too low. While these results are of note to anthropologists and odontologists performing dental age estimates, more work is needed to explore the effect of impaction on development among a more diverse sample.
A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application

The removal of hydrophobic materials from a porous support, such as wax stains on wall paintings, is particularly challenging. In this context, traditional methods display several drawbacks. The limitations of these methods can be overcome by amphiphile-based aqueous nanostructured fluids, such as micellar solutions and microemulsions. In this study, a microemulsion for the removal of wax spots from artistic surfaces was formulated. The nanostructured fluid includes a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., Triton X-100, and two apolar solvents, namely p-xylene and n-nonane. The solvents were selected on the basis of solubility tests of three waxes in several organic solvents. The nanostructured fluid was characterized by means of small-angle X-rays scattering (SAXS) and the information about micelle structure was used to understand the interaction between the microemulsion and the selected waxes. The microemulsion was then tested during the restoration of the frescoes in the Major Chapel of the Santa Croce Basilica in Florence, Italy. After some preliminary tests on fresco mockups reproduced in the laboratory, the nanostructured fluid was successfully used to clean some wax deposits from the real paintings, hardly removable with traditional physico-mechanical methods.
The Microtubule-Associated Protein IQ67 DOMAIN5 Modulates Microtubule Dynamics and Pavement Cell Shape1

The microtubule-associated protein IQD5 binds directly to microtubules to promote their stability, which affects subsequent cell shape formation in Arabidopsis. The dynamic arrangement of cortical microtubules (MTs) plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and shape formation in plants, but the mechanisms by which cortical MTs are organized to regulate these processes are not well characterized. In particular, the dynamic behavior of cortical MTs is critical for their spatial organization, yet the molecular mechanisms controlling MT dynamics remain poorly understood. In this study, we used the puzzle piece-shaped pavement cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves as a model system in which to study cortical MT organization. We isolated an ethyl methanesulfonate mutant with reduced interdigitation of pavement cells in cotyledons. This line carried a mutation in IQ67 DOMAIN5 (IQD5), which encodes a member of the plant-specific IQ motif protein family. Live-cell imaging and biochemical analyses demonstrated that IQD5 binds to MTs and promotes MT assembly. MT-depolymerizing drug treatment and in vivo MT dynamics assays suggested that IQD5 functions to stabilize MTs. Hence, our findings provide genetic, cell biological, and biochemical evidence that IQD5 regulates MT dynamics that affect MT organization and subsequent cell shape formation.
ADAMTS13 Deficiency Shortens the Life Span of Mice With Experimental Diabetes

In patients with diabetes, impaired activity of ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13), the plasma metalloprotease that cleaves highly thrombogenic von Willebrand factor multimers, is a major risk factor of cardiovascular events. Here, using Adamts13−/− mice made diabetic by streptozotocin, we investigated the impact of the lack of ADAMTS13 on the development of diabetes-associated end-organ complications. Adamts13−/− mice experienced a shorter life span than their diabetic wild-type littermates. It was surprising that animal death was not related to the occurrence of detectable thrombotic events. The lack of ADAMTS13 drastically increased the propensity for ventricular arrhythmias during dobutamine-induced stress in diabetic mice. Cardiomyocytes of diabetic Adamts13−/− mice exhibited an aberrant distribution of the ventricular gap junction connexin 43 and increased phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), and with the consequent CaMKII-induced disturbance in Ca2+ handling, which underlie propensity for arrhythmia. In vitro, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) promoted, in a paracrine manner, CaMKII phosphorylation in murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes, and ADAMTS13 acted to inhibit TSP1-induced CaMKII activation. In conclusion, the deficiency of ADAMTS13 may underlie the onset of lethal arrhythmias in diabetes through increased CaMKII phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. Our findings disclose a novel function for ADAMTS13 beyond its antithrombotic activity.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis SGAir0473, Isolated from Tropical Air Collected in Singapore

Bacillus velezensis strain SGAir0473 (Firmicutes) was isolated from tropical air collected in Singapore. Its genome was assembled using short reads and single-molecule real-time sequencing and comprises one chromosome with 4.18 Mb. ABSTRACT Bacillus velezensis strain SGAir0473 (Firmicutes) was isolated from tropical air collected in Singapore. Its genome was assembled using short reads and single-molecule real-time sequencing and comprises one chromosome with 4.18 Mb. The genome consists of 3,937 protein-coding genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Official Development Assistance Project on Maternal and Child Health in Kwango, DR Congo

A project on maternal and child health (MCH) was conducted by the Korea International Cooperation Agency to reduce maternal and child mortality rates in Kwango, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the costs and benefits of the MCH project, which was under Official Development Assistance for a period of 3 years from 2014 to 2016. The study conducted a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) using a benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The costs were the total costs incurred in implementing the MCH project. The benefits of the MCH project were estimated as the monetary values of the reduction in maternal mortality rates and the mortality rates of infants and children aged under 5 years. The adjusted costs that converted the time value for 2016 were estimated as USD 1,969,532 as part of the CBA. The benefits of reduced maternal mortality and the mortality of infants and children aged under 5 years were estimated as USD 681,416, USD 4,332,376, and USD 1,710,184, respectively, in monetary terms. The total benefits were estimated as USD 6,723,976 and the BCR was calculated at 3.41. In addition, the benefits were estimated by the different economic assumptions through a sensitivity analysis. The MCH project was economically satisfied under the most conservative assumptions.
The Lost Years: Delay Between the Onset of Cognitive Symptoms and Clinical Assessment at a Memory Clinic

Background Early assessment of cognitive symptoms is an issue in geriatrics. This study investigated the delay from the onset of cognitive symptoms to initial clinical assessment and its associations with patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective study using medical chart review of 316 patients referred for assessment to a university-affiliated memory clinic. Symptom duration was self-reported by patients/carers. Severity of symptoms assessed by the MoCA and FAST instruments was compared according to delay duration (≥3 years vs. <3 years) using chi-squared tests. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between patients’ characteristics and long symptom duration (≥3 years). Results At the initial assessment, 29.4% of patients reported experiencing cognitive symptoms for ≥3 years. They were more likely to have MoCA scores ≤17 (47.8 vs. 34.1%; p=.023) and FAST scores ≥5 (21.5 vs. 10.8%; p=.012). They were also significantly older than 75 years (75–84 yr: OR=2.22 [95%CI: 1.11–4.41]; ≥85 yr: 4.36 [2.08–9.11]), presented more depressive symptoms (2.37 [1.40–4.02]), and were less likely to live alone (0.55 [0.31–0.96]). Conclusions A significant proportion of patients had cognitive symptoms for years when initially assessed, which delayed diagnosis and management. Stigma, depression, and compensatory help from carers may contribute to this delay.
Indigestible starch associated to dietary fiber residues from cooked legume seeds consumed in venezuela

SUMMARY Dietary fiber residues were prepared from the cooked seeds of eleven legume varieties, following the AOAC enzymatic method. Resistant starch associated to fiber, i.e. retrograded resistant starch (RS), was assessed after alkaline dispersion of the indi- gestible residues. All legumes contained significant amounts of RS, ranging between 3.0% (g per 100g cooked seed on dry mat- ter basis) in red cowpeas and 7.2% in green peas. RS contents in the four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties analyzed fell within a narrow interval (5.1 to 6.7%). Chick peas also ex- hibited substantial indigestible starch levels (6.7%). Employing previously reported dietary fiber values, RS levels recorded for each legume were used to calculate starch-corrected insoluble dietary fiber. Corrected figures were 11 to 38% lower than orig - inal values.
Improving Hydrophilicity and Inducing Bone-Like Apatite Formation on PPBES by Polydopamine Coating for Biomedical Application

Copoly(phthalazinone biphenyl ether sulfone) (PPBES) as a commercially available polyarylether is a promising orthopaedic implant material because its mechanical properties are similar to bone. However, the bioinert surface of polyarylether causes some clinical problems after implantation, which limits its application as an implant material. In this study, the surface of PPBES was modified by a biomineralization method of polydopamine-assisted hydroxyapatite formation (pHAF) to enhance its cytocompatibility. Polydopamine (PDA) coating, inspired by the adhesion mechanism of mussels, can readily endow PPBES with high hydrophilicity and the ability to integrate via the bone-like apatite coating. PPBES and PDA-coated PPBES were evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurement. The water contact angles were reduced significantly after coating with PDA. PDA was successfully synthesized on PPBES and more PDA was obtained by increasing the temperature. Bone-like apatite on PPBES (apatite-coated PPBES) was confirmed by SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of pristine PPBES and apatite-coated PPBES were characterized by culturing of NIH-3T3 cells. Bone-like apatite synthesized by pHAF could further enhance cytocompatibility in vitro. This study provides a promising alternative for biofunctionalized PPBES with improved cytocompatibility for bone implant application.
Acute Hormone Responses Subsequent to Agonist-Antagonist Paired Set vs. Traditional Straight Set Resistance Training.

de Souza, JAAA, Scudese, E, Paz, GA, Salerno, VP, Vigário, PdS, Miranda, H, and Willardson, JM. Acute hormone responses subsequent to agonist-antagonist paired set vs. traditional straight set resistance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare acute hormone responses and rating of perceived exertion (OMNI-Res) subsequent to the agonist-antagonist paired set (PS) vs. the traditional straight set (TS) resistance training method. Twelve recreationally trained men (25.7 ± 4.7 years, 173 ± 6.3 cm and 71.5 ± 6.6 kg) participated in the current study. After 10 repetition maximum (RM) load determination, each subject performed the following 2 experimental sessions in random order: TS session-3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 10RM for the machine seated row and barbell bench press with 2-minute rest intervals between sets; and PS-3 sets of 10 repetitions with 85% of 10RM alternating machine seated row and barbell bench press for the total of 6 PSs with 2-minute rest intervals between sets. Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), cortisol, TT/cortisol ratio, growth hormone (GH), and blood lactate concentrations were measured before workout and immediately after workout and 15 and 30 minutes after workout. The OMNI-RES was recorded at the end of each set for both exercises within each session. Under the TS session, TT significantly increased immediately post-workout vs. the pre-workout time point. For the PS session, TT significantly decreased at 30-minute post-workout vs. the immediate post-workout time point, whereas, FT significantly increased immediately post-workout and 15-minute post-workout vs. the pre-workout time point. For the TS session, GH significantly increased immediately post-workout, and at the 15- and 30-minute post-workout time points vs. the pre-workout time point, respectively. For the PS session, GH was significantly increased immediately post-workout vs. the pre-workout time point. Blood lactate significantly increased at all post-workout time points vs. the pre-workout time point under both sessions. The cortisol and TT/cortisol ratio showed no differences between sessions. In conclusion, from an acute standpoint, the TS approach showed a tendency to cause greater disruption in hormone levels, despite the lack of significant differences vs. the PS approach at all time points. However, both strategies may promote similar acute hormone responses.
1 Efficient BackProp

The convergence of back-propagation learning is analyzed so as to explain common phenomenon observed by practitioners. Many undesirable behaviors of backprop can be avoided with tricks that are rarely exposed in serious technical publications. This paper gives some of those tricks, and offers explanations of why they work. Many authors have suggested that second-order optimization methods are advantageous for neural net training. It is shown that most “classical” second-order methods are impractical for large neural networks. A few methods are proposed that do not have these limitations.
Lateral plasma membrane compartmentalization links protein function and turnover

Biological membranes organize their proteins and lipids into nano- and microscale patterns. In the yeast plasma membrane (PM) constituents segregate into a large number of distinct domains. However, if and how this intricate patchwork contributes to biological functions at the PM is still poorly understood. Here, we reveal an elaborate interplay between PM compartmentalization, biochemical function and endocytic turnover. Using the methionine permease Mup1 as model system we demonstrate that this transporter segregates into PM clusters. Clustering requires sphingolipids, the tetraspanner Nce102 and TORC2 signaling. Importantly, we show that during substrate transport, a simple conformational change in Mup1 mediates rapid relocation into a unique disperse network at the PM. Clustered Mup1 is protected from turnover, whereas relocated Mup1 actively recruits the endocytic machinery thereby initiating its own turnover. Our findings suggest that lateral compartmentalization provides an important regulatory link between function and turnover of PM proteins.
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Regulate Key Metabolic, Anabolic, and Catabolic Pathways in Skeletal Muscle

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are important cellular regulators of key physiological processes in skeletal muscle. In this review, we explain how RONS regulate muscle contraction and signaling, and why they are important for membrane remodeling, protein turnover, gene expression, and epigenetic adaptation. We discuss how RONS regulate carbohydrate uptake and metabolism of skeletal muscle, and how they indirectly regulate fat metabolism through silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3). RONS are causative/associative signaling molecules, which cause sarcopenia or muscle hypertrophy. Regular exercise influences redox biology, metabolism, and anabolic/catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle in an intensity dependent manner.