Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Methodological Issues

Ravindra H Dholakia (rdholkia@iima.ac.in) teaches at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. R Nagaraj (nag@igidr.ac.in) teaches at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai. Manish Pandya (mannpandya@gmail.com) is with the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Gujarat. The new gross domestic product series, with base year 2011–12, has mostly replaced the Annual Survey of Industries with corporate fi nancial data for estimating manufacturing value added. This has resulted in its higher share in GDP and a faster growth rate (compared to the older series). The Central Statistics Offi ce claims that the new series better captures value addition, as ASI reportedly left out activities outside the factory of an enterprise. This claim is probably not true, as is evident from closer examination of a sample of ASI primary schedules. In 2015, the Central Statistics Offi ce (CSO) introduced the new series of National Accounts Statistics (NAS) with 2011–12 as the base year, replacing the earlier series with the base year 2004–05. The new series has followed the guidelines of the United Nations’ System of National Accounts (UNSNA) 2008, replacing the earlier template of UNSNA 1994. The revision has, as always, introduced some newer methodologies and updated many databases. However, dramatic and unexpected changes in the levels and growth rates of the gross dom estic product (GDP) (and its principal sectors) have caught public and policymakers’ attention, raising doubts over the veracity of the new GDP estimates. Specifi cally, the manufacturing sector estimates in the new series are in the eye of the storm, since its share in GDP at current prices is larger by about two percentage points (compared to the old series), and its annual growth rates are signifi cantly higher—with a change even in the direction of growth in some cases. For instance, for 2013–14, the growth rate of manufacturing gross value added (GVA) at constant prices swung from (-)0.7% in the old series, to (+)5.3% in the new series (Figures 1a and 1b). Such wide variations in the growth rates for the same years reported by the two series of the same publication, expectedly, drew widespread criticisms, especially since the new estimates were quite at variance with other macro correlates (Nagaraj 2015a). The new series, CSO has contended, better captures value addition in manufacturing than before. The changeover to the corporate sector database— obtained from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)—is said to include activities that were hitherto left out by the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), on account of the limitation of its approach to data collection.
Air-Gap Flux Oriented Vector Control Based on Reduced-Order Flux Observer for EESM

Electrically excited synchronous motor (EESM) has the characteristics of high order, nonlinear and strong coupling, so it is difficult to be controlled. However, it has the advantages of adjustable power factor, high efficiency, and high precision torque control, so it is widely used in high-power applications. The accuracy of a flux observer influences the speed control system of EESM. Based on state observer in modern control theory and electrical excitation synchronous machine state equation, a reduced-order flux observer is designed. Using the first-order difference method and forward bilinear transformation method, the reduced-order flux observer is discrete, and the stability of the motor system is analyzed. The analysis shows that the stability of the system using the bilinear transformation method is better than that using the first order forward difference method. In motor operation, motor parameters will be affected by the factors of temperature, magnetic saturation, and motor frequency. In this paper, the influence of parameter variation on the motor system is studied by using the variation of the pole distribution. Finally, the speed regulation system using the reduced-order observer is simulated, which verifies the accuracy of the reduced-order flux observer observation.
KingFisher: an Industrial Security Framework based on Variational Autoencoders

The recent evolution of edge computing favored the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) growth, opening dangerous surfaces of vulnerabilities. In this distributed sensor system scenario, due to the insecure interactions between Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) networks, cyber-physical threats could lead to destructive consequences for environments and population safety. To deal with industrial cyber-physical security, modern anomaly detection systems implement innovative Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Unfortunately, current solutions still fail to provide an effective prevention to complex industrial threats. In this paper, we present KingFisher, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) framework based on ML. KingFisher is, to the best of our knowledge, the first solution that looks independently at IT and OT traffic, but also from sensors deployed to capture side-channel physical processes data (e.g., vibrations, background noise). Thanks to this feature, KingFisher can detect attacks that other systems would ignore. As our tests report, the correlation of inferred physical processes status with OT-network and IT-network data can give insights into suspicious and anomalous activities targeting industrial networks. For our framework, we use the Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), an unsupervised neural network model, to categorize data without a priori knowledge of the dataset. We evaluate the detection capabilities and performances of KingFisher in a proof of concept simulated industrial scenario under cyber-physical attacks. Our preliminary results show that KingFisher identifies attacks on both network and physical layers.
Feature Optimization for Gait Phase Estimation with a Genetic Algorithm and Bayesian Optimization

For gait phase estimation, time-series data of lower-limb motion can be segmented according to time windows. Time-domain features can then be calculated from the signal enclosed in a time window. A set of time-domain features is used for gait phase estimation. In this approach, the components of the feature set and the length of the time window are influential parameters for gait phase estimation. However, optimal parameter values, which determine a feature set and its values, can vary across subjects. Previously, these parameters were determined empirically, which led to a degraded estimation performance. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new feature extraction approach. Specifically, the components of the feature set are selected using a binary genetic algorithm, and the length of the time window is determined through Bayesian optimization. In this approach, the two optimization techniques are integrated to conduct a dual optimization task. The proposed method is validated using data from five walking and five running motions. For walking, the proposed approach reduced the gait phase estimation error from 1.284% to 0.910%, while for running, the error decreased from 1.997% to 1.484%.
Saurischian dinosaur tracks from the Upper Triassic of southern Queensland: possible evidence for Australia’s earliest sauropodomorph trackmaker

ABSTRACT Fossil footprints provide the only evidence of Triassic-aged dinosaurs in Australia. While historically several Triassic dinosaur tracksites are reported, only one specimen exists for direct study. Evidence for the Rhondda colliery (Ipswich) trackmaker, Upper Triassic Blackstone Formation as a very large-bodied Triassic predatory dinosaur is not supported by the present study because of overestimated footprint length measurements, and we question earlier interpretations that these tracks are Eubrontes-like. Instead, we recognise shared characteristics with the sauropodomorph ichnogenus Evazoum. The track morphology resembles that of Evazoum on account of the distinct shape and position of the impression of the metatarsophalangeal pad for digit IV. The mesaxony of the Blackstone Formation track is also low, but possibly slightly higher than in Evazoum, if the proportions of the digital impressions are correctly interpreted. Finally, the trackway pattern shows constant track inward rotation, a feature observed in typical Evazoum and mostly absent in Eubrontes. Therefore, we assign these Australian tracks as Evazoum ichnosp. indet. If our assessment of the Blackstone Formation tracks is correct, they provide the first and only evidence of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs from Australia. In addition to this record, we give an overview of other reported (but lost) Australian Triassic dinosaur footprints.
The dark side of hyperconnectivity in the accounting profession

Purpose This paper aims to understand the antecedents and consequences of using the smartphone and/or tablet by professional accountants for business purposes outside of regular working hours. More specifically, this paper aims to test the direct relationships between, on the one hand, work intensification and the use of smartphone and/or tablet and work-family conflict (WFC) and on the other hand, the indirect effect of the use of smartphones and/or tablet between work intensification and WFC. Design/methodology/approach This research was based on a cross-sectional design and quantitative method. The structural equation method was used to test the direct effect of work intensification on smartphone and/or tablet use and WFC. As for the mediation effect of smartphone and/or tablet use between work intensification and WFC, it was tested by the method of indirect effects based on a bootstrap analysis. The statistical treatments were carried out with the AMOS software v.24. Findings The results of the study indicate that work intensification increases the use of smartphones and/or tablets outside of working hours and that this variable increases the intensification of WFC through a process of mediation. Research limitations/implications This research does not take into account the moderating variables that can intervene in the model. For example, the duration of use of the smartphone, the origin of emails or messages (supervisors, customers and colleagues), the types of tasks performed outside working hours and the period of use (evening, weekend and holidays) could have significant effects on the different relationships tested in the model. Furthermore, we had all the positions held by the respondents (for example, chief financial officer, director, vice-president, partners, senior managers, management accountant, auditor, agents, analysts, accountants) grouped into one category and this may have an impact on results. Practical implications The results could be quite interesting for governments and organizations interested in advantage of the technology while reducing its disadvantages. In particular, it is important for accounting firms, which are big users of new technologies (e.g. Smart software and analytics). Indeed, both companies and professional accountants must clearly communicate their expectations regarding the use of technology for business purposes outside normal working hours. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effect of work intensification and the use of smartphones and/or tablets, on WFC.
Geometric design of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation

Geometric parameters of 4D printed bilayer structure determine its deformation to a great extent. This paper proposed a geometric design method of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation. To precisely calculate the deformation, a folding deformation model of 4D printed bilayer structure is constructed considering thickness ratio and elastic modulus ratio. Then, for a target folding deformation, an adaptive surrogate-based optimization method is employed to obtain the geometric parameters of a given 4D printed bilayer structure. The numerical and physical experimental results show that the geometric parameters of 4D printed bilayer structure can be well designed by the proposed method.
The Role of Institutional Quality in Health Expenditure-Labor Force Participation Nexus in Africa

The study investigated the role of institutional quality in the relationship between health expenditure and labor force participation (LFP) in Africa, taking into consideration two forms of health expenditures (government health expenditure (GHE) and out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPHE)) and gender labor force participation dichotomy. We employed data from 39 African countries for the period between 2000 and 2018 using Panel Fixed Effects with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and a two-stage system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results revealed that GHE yields an increasing effect on total, female, and male LFP. OOPHE, in most cases, leads to a decline in LFP. The institutional quality was found to be detrimental to LFP. The magnitude of the positive effect of GHE on LFP is reduced by the interaction of institutional quality with GHE. In conclusion, we advocate for the improvement in institutional apparatuses across African countries.
Studi Penerapan Manajemen Aset Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Nglirip Kabupaten Tuban

Manajemen aset irigasi dibutuhkan untuk mempertahankan kondisi dan fungsi dari aset irigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prioritas aset yang direhabilitasi. Didapatkan dari hasil survei inventarisasi, jumlah kerusakan yang ada pada Daerah Irigasi Nglirip berjumlah 39 titik. Untuk penilaian kondisi fisik dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman Kementerian PUPR. Berdasarkan perhitungan didapatkan nilai bangunan utama 85,08% (Baik), saluran pembawa 76,99% (Sedang), bangunan pelengkap 80,99% (Sedang), Saluran Primer Nglirip Kanan 81,14 (Baik) dan Saluran Primer Nglirip Kiri 79,57% (Sedang). Untuk skala prioritas dihitung dengan cara mengurutkan nilai kondisi fisik terkecil dan metode AHP. Urutan skala prioritas berdasarkan penilaian kondisi fisik adalah saluran pembawa, Saluran Primer Nglirip Kiri, bangunan pelengkap, Saluran Primer Nglirip Kanan dan bangunan utama. Urutan skala prioritas menggunakan metode AHP berdasarkan alternatif, urutan pertama adalah Saluran Primer Nglirip Kanan, selanjutnya Saluran Primer Nglirip Kiri. Sedangkan berdasarkan kriteria, urutan pertama adalah saluran pembawa, selanjutnya bangunan pelengkap dan bangunan utama
Improving the method of determining the mass fraction of magnesium carbonate and the study of the chemical composition of carbonate rocks for the effective conduct of the technological process of sugar production

The article considers an improved method for determining the content of magnesium carbonate in the carbonate rock. An adjusted method for determining the content of magnesium carbonate was included in the complete establishment of chemical analysis of limestone, which includes the determination of moisture, impurities insoluble in hydrochloric acid, the amount of one and a half oxides of aluminum and iron, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate (advanced method), calcium sulfate, alkali metal oxides of potassium and sodium. The obtained experimental data were entered into a single table and summed up the material balance of all components of the carbonate rock. As a result, it was found that this technique includes the following criteria: it is the most accurate, most accessible, and cheap. The use of adjusted methods for determining the content of calcium and magnesium carbonate in limestone will make it possible to establish the objective chemical composition of the carbonate rock and avoid several technological problems. Namely, the excess of uncontrolled magnesium carbonate contributes to the formation of the liquid phase, which in turn reduces the concentration of chemically active lime and promotes the formation of melts in the lime kiln, deteriorating filtration rates, clogging the evaporating station, and so on. Therefore, having information about the real component composition of limestone, the technologist will be able to adjust the technological process in advance, which will lead to the preservation of natural resources while the quality of finished products will not decrease.
Comparative Study of Anti-staphylococcus aureus Effect of Chlorhexidine and Calcium Hydroxide in Dentine

T HIS study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide on staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from the roots of the teeth of patients. As the bacteria were isolated from one of the patients arriving at the Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry / University of Tikrit by taking a swab from the ends of the tooth root, and it was implanted and grown in media prepared for this purpose in the microbiology laboratory of the College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Tikrit. Graduated concentrations were used respectively from the chemical solutions of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%). Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were calculated for the samples and it was found through the study that the concentration 2% of chlorhexidine compound after 36 hours caused inhibition of bacterial growth, as the tubes appeared transparent. The calcium hydroxide compound was found to cause inhibition of bacterial growth, 48 hours after the start of the treatment at a concentration of 4%. We conclude from these results and the variation that occurred in the times of inhibition and the concentration of the inhibitory substance that chlorhexidine is more effective than calcium hydroxide in its use as a mouthwash and treatment of bacteria present in the roots of the teeth. ,Veterinary
Clinical Assessment Using Disease Activity Index in Experimental Animal Model of Inflamatory Bowel Disease Induced Dextran Sulfate Sodium

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation in the intestinal tract. Animal models of ulcerative colitis were used to study unknown pathogenesis and identify new drugs. Animal models of ulcerative colitis could be induced by chemical agents such as dextran sulfate sodium, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and oxazolone. The colon inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium showed many clinical symptoms and immunologic reactions like in a human. This study aims to examine the animal model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium and assessing it with the Disease Activity Index. Nine male BALB/c mice 6-8 weeks, weigh 25-40 g divided into 3 groups. Group I (Control) was given drinking water only and group II induced by 2 cycles of 2% DSS for 5 days followed by drinking water for 10 days, and Group III induced by 3 cycles of 3% DSS for 7 days followed by drinking water for 7 days. The Admission of dextran sulfate sodium (Sigma-Aldrich code 42867, Mr~40,000) in drinking water was given ad libitum. The observed parameters for the Disease Activity Index were: body weight loss (score 0-4), feces consistency (score 0-4), and rectal bleeding (score 0-4). Feed consumption data is calculated by weighing the feed given minus the remaining feed (g/day). Drinking water consumption data is calculated by measuring the drinking water given minus the remaining drinking water (ml/day). In this study, mice in group II and group III which were induced with dextran sulfate sodium has no body weight loss, no diarrhea, and no rectal bleeding. The Disease Activity Index score was null. The feed consumption data for groups I, II, and III were 5.79 g/day, 6.58 g/day dan 5.21 g/day, respectively. The drinking water consumption data for groups I, II, and III were 5.97 ml/day, 5.70 ml/day, and 5.22 ml/day, respectively. Oral admission DSS 2% and DSS 3% did not establish clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis in BALB/c mice. The research will be continued by looking at the colon of BALB/c mice macroscopically and microscopically.
The PSA-NCAM-Positive “Immature” Neurons: An Old Discovery Providing New Vistas on Brain Structural Plasticity

Studies on brain plasticity have undertaken different roads, tackling a wide range of biological processes: from small synaptic changes affecting the contacts among neurons at the very tip of their processes, to birth, differentiation, and integration of new neurons (adult neurogenesis). Stem cell-driven adult neurogenesis is an exception in the substantially static mammalian brain, yet, it has dominated the research in neurodevelopmental biology during the last thirty years. Studies of comparative neuroplasticity have revealed that neurogenic processes are reduced in large-brained mammals, including humans. On the other hand, large-brained mammals, with respect to rodents, host large populations of special “immature” neurons that are generated prenatally but express immature markers in adulthood. The history of these “immature” neurons started from studies on adhesion molecules carried out at the beginning of the nineties. The identity of these neurons as “stand by” cells “frozen” in a state of immaturity remained un-detected for long time, because of their ill-defined features and because clouded by research ef-forts focused on adult neurogenesis. In this review article, the history of these cells will be reconstructed, and a series of nuances and confounding factors that have hindered the distinction between newly generated and “immature” neurons will be addressed.
Comparing Two Equations for Estimation of Kidney Function (Cockcroft-gault and Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease) for Vancomycin Dosing in Adult Liver Transplant Recipients: a Pilot, Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: In the setting of impaired liver function, estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using common creatinine based equations is inaccurate. Recently, Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease (GRAIL) model has been introduced for estimating GFR in liver transplantation. This study was conducted to compare vancomycin dose adjustment in liver transplant patients using Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) versus GRAIL method.Methods: In this pilot, randomized clinical trial, adult liver transplant recipients who were candidate to receive intravenous vancomycin were enrolled. GFR and creatinine clearance were estimated using GRAIL model and C-G equation in the intervention and control arms, respectively and vancomycin maintenance doses were adjusted accordingly. At the steady state , peak and trough serum concentrations of vancomycin were collected for pharmacokinetic comparisons.Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled in each arm of the study. Mean daily dose of vancomycin was estimated insignificantly lower for individuals in GRAIL arm than C-G group (1500.00±544.45 versus 1750.00± 389.60mg). The rate of patients who achieved the target vancomycin trough concentration was similar between the two study arms (20%). Compared with C-G group, higher rate of patients in GRAIL arm experienced below-target vancomycin trough concentrations (40% versus 13.3%) and lower rate showed above target trough concentration (40% versus 66.7%), although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Higher rates of patients with at target and above target vancomycin AUC/MIC were seen in the C-G group compared with GRAIL group (40% versus 26.7% and 53.3% versus 26.7%, respectively), while individuals in the GRAIL arm represented significantly higher rate of below target vancomycin AUC/MIC than C-G arm (46.7% versus 6.7%) (P=0.049). No differences in clinical outcomes were observed between the two groups.Conclusion: Using GRAIL model for vancomycin dose selection may result in less percent of patients with at target AUC/MIC exposure compared to C-G method and expose more percent of patients at risk of vancomycin under dosing.