Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase from Curimatã Fish Brain (Prochilodus Brevis) as Potential Biocatalyst for Voltammetric Biosensor Construction

Prochilodus Brevis fish, native to region, to same as biomarker of agrochemicals that inhibit the enzyme, greater specificity. The electrochemical system a biosensor sensing thiocholine Abstract Background: The AChE (acetylcholinesterase) is a serine hydrolase responsible for terminating neurotransmission by hydrolyzing the acetylcholine released on synaptic cleft. Studies of AChE as a target of pesticide toxicity have yielded several practical outcomes and are the basis for constructing biosensors. These devices are primarily designed to determine and quantify the inhibition of AChE by toxic chemicals. Objective: to construct a biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase from the brain of the Prochilodus brevis fish, and to use the same as biomarker of agrochemicals that inhibit the enzyme. Methods: Acetylcholinesterase was isolated from curimatã fish brain ( prochilodus brevis ) and partially purified using amonium sulfate precipitation followed by size-exclusion chromatography (ChE1). AChE from curimatã fish brain was directly immobilizes on the surface of glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Results: Acetylcholinesterase was characterized as having a specific activity of 0.194U/mg. The optimum activity was found at pH 8.5, phosphate buffer 0. 7µM, 28ºC and exhibited a thermostability at 37°C.
Development of lung diffusion to adulthood following extremely preterm birth

Background Gas exchange in extremely preterm (EP) infants must take place in fetal lungs. Childhood lung diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is reduced; however, longitudinal development has not been investigated. We describe the growth of DLCO and its subcomponents to adulthood in EP compared with term-born subjects. Methods Two area-based cohorts born at gestational age ≤28 weeks or birthweight ≤1000 g in 1982–1985 (n=48) and 1991–1992 (n=35) were examined twice, at ages 18 and 25 years and 10 and 18 years, respectively, and compared with matched term-born controls. Single-breath DLCO was measured at two oxygen pressures, with subcomponents (membrane diffusion (DM) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC)) calculated using the Roughton–Forster equation. Results Age-, sex- and height-standardised transfer coefficients for carbon monoxide (KCO) and DLCO were reduced in EP compared with term-born subjects, and remained so during puberty and early adulthood (p-values for all time-points and both cohorts ≤0.04), whereas alveolar volume (VA) was similar. Development occurred in parallel to term-born controls, with no signs of pubertal catch-up growth nor decline at age 25 years (p-values for lack of parallelism within cohorts 0.99, 0.65, 0.71, 0.94 and 0.44 for z-DLCO, z-VA, z-KCO, DM and VC, respectively). Split by membrane and blood volume components, findings were less clear; however, membrane diffusion seemed most affected. Conclusions Pulmonary diffusing capacity was reduced in EP compared with term-born subjects, and development from childhood to adulthood tracked in parallel to term-born subjects, with no signs of catch-up growth nor decline at age 25 years. Pulmonary diffusing capacity following extremely preterm (EP) birth was reduced compared with term-born subjects. From mid-childhood to adulthood, development tracked in parallel in the EP and term-born groups, with preterms following lower trajectories. https://bit.ly/3ARPD7D
Subsampling and DNA pooling can increase gains through genomic selection in switchgrass

Genomic selection (GS) can accelerate breeding cycles in perennial crops such as the bioenergy grass switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The sequencing costs of GS can be reduced by pooling DNA samples in the training population (TP), only sequencing TP phenotypic outliers, or pooling candidate population (CP) samples. These strategies were simulated for two traits (spring vigor and anthesis date) in three breeding populations. Sequencing only the outlier 50% of the TP phenotype distribution resulted in a penalty of <5% of the predictive ability, measured using cross‐validation. Predictive ability also decreased when sequencing progressively fewer TP DNA pools, but TPs constructed from only two phenotypically contrasting DNA samples retained a mean of >80% predictive ability relative to individual TP sequencing. Novel group testing methods allowed greater than one CP individual to be screened per sequenced DNA sample but resulted in a predictive ability penalty. To determine the impact of reduced sequencing, genetic gain was calculated for seven GS scenarios with variable sequencing budgets. Reduced TP sequencing and most CP pooling methods were superior to individual sequence‐based GS when sequencing resources were restricted (2,000 DNA samples per 5‐yr cycle). Only one scenario was superior to individual sequencing when sequencing budgets were large (8,000 DNA samples per 5‐yr cycle). This study highlights multiple routes for reduced sequencing costs in GS.
Isolation and chemical modification of arabinoxylan and galactoglucomannan

Today’s society is based on the use of fossil fuels, where oil is used as transportation fuel and as raw material in the petrochemical industry. Efforts are made to increase the use of bio-based materials, since oil is a non-renewable source and a greenhouse gas contributor. The raw materials used in this thesis are agricultural and forestry by-products. Alkaline extraction was used to isolate the hemicellulose arabinoxylan (AX) from barley husk, while the hemicellulose galactoglucomannan (GGM) was obtained through concentration of pulp process water. Hemicelluloses can be used to produce materials. One way to increase the processability of the hemicellulose is to perform chemical modifications on it. By doing so, the properties of hemicellulose can be altered, such as decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), which will change the ability to process the hemicellulose into material. Two chemical modifications are described in this work; PEGylation of AX and etherification with butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) on GGM. PEG was successfully coupled to AX, acting as an internal plasticiser, resulting in a decreased Tg. The degree of molar substitution of BGE on GGM affected the thermal and mechanical properties of the modified raw materials. The modified raw materials were investigated for the production of new materials with altered properties compared to the starting materials.
The evolution of rumors on a closed platform during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic put the world in crisis on both physical and psychological health. Simultaneously, a myriad of unverified information flowed on social media and online outlets. The situation was so severe that the World Health Organization identified it as an infodemic in February 2020. OBJECTIVE We want to study the propagation patterns and textual transformation of COVID-19 related rumors on a closed-platform. METHODS We obtained a dataset of suspicious text messages collected on Taiwan's most popular instant messaging platform, LINE, between January and July 2020. We proposed a Classification-based Clustering algorithm that could efficiently cluster messages into groups, with each group representing a rumor. For ease of understanding, a group is referred to as a "rumor group". Messages in a rumor group could be identical or within limited textual differences with one another. Therefore, each message in a rumor group is a form of the rumor. RESULTS A total of 936 rumor groups with at least 10 messages were discovered among 114,124 text messages collected from LINE. Among 936 rumors, 396 (42.3%) were related to COVID-19. Of 396 COVID-related rumors, 134 (33.8%) had been fact-checked by IFCN-certified agencies in Taiwan to be false or misleading. Studying the prevalence of Simplified Chinese characters or phrases that originated in China in the messages, we found that COVID-related messages, compared to non-COVID-related messages, were more likely to have been written by non-Taiwanese. The association was statistically significant with p < . 01 by the chi-squared independence test. The qualitative investigations of the 3 most popular COVID-19 rumors revealed that key authoritative figures, mostly medical personnel, were often misquoted in the messages. In addition, these rumors resurfaced multiple times after being fact-checked, usually preceded by major societal events or textual transformations. CONCLUSIONS To fight infodemic, it is crucial that we first understand why and how a rumor becomes popular. While social media gives rise to an unprecedented number of unverified rumors, it also provides a unique opportunity for us to study rumor propagations and the interactions with society. Therefore, we must put more effort in the areas. CLINICALTRIAL
Decreased gray matter volume and increased white matter volume in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a voxel-based morphometry study

Objective: To measure white and gray matter volume (WMV, GMV) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Material: Eighteen patients (9 men, 9 women) with nAMD and 18 (9 men, 9 women) healthy controls (HCs) aligned were recruited. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and VBM of three-dimensional T1 brain images were analyzed. And we also apply t-tests to look for GMV and WMV differences between groups. Correlation analysis was utilized to probe the connection between observational GMV and WMV values of diverse brain areas and the severity of HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale). Also, distinctions between nAMD and HCs in GMV can be presented with the help of a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Results: Compared with HCs, GMV values were significantly lower in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the right inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole of left superior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate and para cingulate gyrus. While WMV was slightly increased in these areas. HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale) scores portrayed a non-linear correlation with the GMV value of the right inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus of the nAMD group (r=-0.6629, P=0.0027)(r=-0.9451, P<0.0001)(r=-0.6183, P=0.0062). Moreover, the ROC curve analysis of the mean VBM values for altered brain regions indicated high diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: These results indicated that patients with nAMD have abnormal GMV and WMV and formed a basis for future research on pathological mechanisms in this disease. Moreover, decreased gray matter volume in particular brain regions might be associated with choroidal neovascularization and abnormal HADS score. It might help to explain the pathological mechanism of anxiety and depression in patients with nAMD.
Macrophage nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 deficiency promotes innate immune activation by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3–mediated RhoA/ROCK pathway in the ischemic liver

Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation and has been implicated in both human and murine inflammatory disease models. We aimed to characterize the roles of macrophage‐specific Nrf2 in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).
Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Narrative Review and Recent Advances

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neuropsychiatric continuum of disorders characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior which impede optimal functioning. Early detection and intervention in ASD children can mitigate the deficits in social interaction and result in a better outcome. Various non‐invasive imaging methods and molecular techniques have been developed for the early identification of ASD characteristics. There is no general consensus on specific neuroimaging features of autism; however, quantitative magnetic resonance techniques have provided valuable structural and functional information in understanding the neuropathophysiology of ASD and how the autistic brain changes during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. In this review of decades of ASD neuroimaging research, we identify the structural, functional, and molecular imaging clues that most accurately point to the diagnosis of ASD vs. typically developing children. These studies highlight the 1) exaggerated synaptic pruning, 2) anomalous gyrification, 3) interhemispheric under‐ and overconnectivity, and 4) excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA imbalance theories of ASD. The application of these various theories to the analysis of a patient with ASD is mitigated often by superimposed comorbid neuropsychological disorders, evolving brain maturation processes, and pharmacologic and behavioral interventions that may affect the structure and function of the brain.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Promotes Expansion of a Functionally Superior Cytoplasmic CD3+ NK Cell Subset with a Bcl11b-Regulated T Cell Signature

Key Points HCMV infection promotes expression of canonical T cell molecules in NK cells. CD3-positive NK cells are functionally superior in ADCC response. Visual Abstract Human CMV (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that indelibly shapes the NK cell repertoire. Using transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic approaches to evaluate peripheral blood NK cells from healthy human volunteers, we find that prior HCMV infection promotes NK cells with a T cell–like gene profile, including the canonical markers CD3ε, CD5, and CD8β, as well as the T cell lineage–commitment transcription factor Bcl11b. Although Bcl11b expression is upregulated during NK maturation from CD56bright to CD56dim, we find a Bcl11b-mediated signature at the protein level for FcεRIγ, PLZF, IL-2Rβ, CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε in later-stage, HCMV-induced NK cells. BCL11B is targeted by Notch signaling in T cell development, and culture of NK cells with Notch ligand increases cytoplasmic CD3ε expression. The Bcl11b-mediated gain of CD3ε, physically associated with CD16 signaling molecules Lck and CD247 in NK cells is correlated with increased Ab-dependent effector function, including against HCMV-infected cells, identifying a potential mechanism for their prevalence in HCMV-infected individuals and their prospective clinical use in Ab-based therapies.
The intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine among the students of health science in Vietnam

ABSTRACT This study determines factors related to the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 for health science students in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), using both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. A cross-sectional survey was considered in April 2021, using a self-administered questionnaire to all health sciences students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), Vietnam. The multiple regression was performed to specify the predictable factors of willingness to get a future COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 854 students completed the survey, whose vaccination acceptance was 77.1%. Predictors of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination included year of education, knowledge, and the HBM and TPB variables including the perceived benefits, cues to action, perceived behavioral control, and positive attitudes toward the vaccine (all p < .05). The main reasons for hesitancy included being afraid of the side effects (73.0%), vaccine safety (65.3%), and the process of new vaccine development (53.6%). The study examined students’ intention toward COVID-19 vaccine and related factors to notify university administrators and policymakers. The findings showed the acceptability of vaccines had differences within the education year of students, besides, knowledge, perception of benefits, cues to action, behavioral control, and attitudes toward the vaccine were positive predictive factors. These may be useful for developing health education messages to promoting vaccination acceptability for students who had hesitancy of a new vaccine and in broader groups.
Exploring the 2013–2018 degassing mechanism from the Pesje and Preloge excavation fields in the Velenje Coal basin, Slovenia: insights from molecular composition and stable isotopes

ABSTRACT Gas samples were collected from 25 m long horizontal boreholes drilled into the excavation field at 10° inclination to the longwall face in two mining areas, Pesje and Preloge, in the Velenje Coal Mine, Slovenia, from 2013 to 2018. The degassing mechanism of coalbed gas and its stable isotopic composition (δ 13CCO2, δ 13CCH4, and δ 2HCH4) were investigated in boreholes in advance of eight working faces. The major coalbed gas constituents were CO2 and methane. Gas concentrations and isotope values revealed that the methane is biogenic in origin with δ 13CCH4 values of −69.4 to −29.5 ‰, δ 2HCH4 values of −301 to −222 ‰, and a fractionation factor (αCO2-CH4) of 0.998–1.073, suggesting that methane derives from microbial acetate fermentation and CO2 reduction. The carbon dioxide methane index values ranged from 50.0–98.3 vol.% and δ 13CCO2 values from −11.8 to −0.5 ‰, indicating that CO2 is biogenic and endogenic in origin. The degassing mechanism results in isotope fractionation of methane and CO2 for carbon isotopes up to 39.9 ‰ and up to 8.5 ‰, respectively, depending on the position of the excavation fields in space, e.g. under pre-mined coal area, fresh overburden.
The red flower wintersweet genome provides insights into the evolution of magnoliids and the molecular mechanism for tepal color development.

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is one of the most important ornamental plants, whose color is mainly determined by the middle tepals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the intriguing flower color development among different wintersweet groups are still largely unknown. In addition, wintersweet belongs to magnoliids, and the issue remains as to how to determine the phylogenetic position of magnoliids conclusively. Here, the whole genome of red flower wintersweet, a new wintersweet type, was sequenced and assembled with high-quality. The genome comprised 11 super-scaffolds (chromosomes) with a total size of 737.03 Mb. Based on the analyses of the long branch attraction (LBA), incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), sparse taxon sampling and other factors, we suggest that a bifurcating tree may not fully represent the complex early diversification of the angiosperms, and that magnoliids are most likely to be the sister of the eudicots. The wintersweet genome appears to have undergone two rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) events: a younger WGD event representing an independent event specific to the Calycanthaceae species; and an ancient WGD event shared by Laurales. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, CpANS1 and transcription factor CpMYB1 were considered to play key roles in regulating tepal color development, whereas CpMYB1 needs to form a complex with bHLH and WD40 to fully perform its regulatory function. The present study not only provided novel insights into the evolution of magnoliids and the molecular mechanism for flower color development, but also laid the foundation for subsequent functional genomics study and molecular breeding of wintersweet.
Research status and prospects of acupuncture for prevention and treatment of chemo‐ and radiotherapy‐induced salivary gland dysfunction in head and neck cancer

Salivary gland dysfunction (SGD) induced by chemo‐ and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) has always been a difficult problem in modern medicine. The quality of life of a large number of HNC patients is severely impaired by SGD such as xerostomia and dysphagia. In recent years, several studies have found that acupuncture can improve patients' salivary secretion, but it has not yet been approved as an alternative therapy for SGD. For this reason, we collected the clinical study reports on acupuncture in the treatment of SGD induced by chemo‐ and radiotherapy in HNC patients in the past 20 years, and analyzed and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these studies with respect to tumor types, group setting, intervention modality, acupoints selection, outcome evaluation, and safety. We believed that acupuncture is beneficial for SGD, but the existing objective evidence is insufficient to support its effectiveness. Therefore, improving the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture, selecting the optimal combination of acupoints through scientific and rigorous study design, and exploring the potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of diseases combined with the meridian theory may be effective ways to promote the acceptance of acupuncture as an alternative therapy for SGD in future. The significance of this review is to provide a reference for researchers to carry out high‐quality clinical trials of acupuncture in the treatment of SGD in future from the perspective of the combination of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
Cannabinoids vs. whole metabolome: relevance of cannabinomics in analyzing Cannabis varieties

Cannabis sativa has a long history of domestication both for its bioactive compounds and its fibers. This has produced hundreds of varieties, usually characterized in the literature by chemotypes, with Δ9-THC and CBD content as the main markers. However, chemotyping could also be done based on minor compounds (phytocannabinoids and others). In this work, a workflow, which we propose to name cannabinomics, combines mass spectrometry of the whole metabolome and statistical analysis to help differentiate C. sativa varieties and deciphering their characteristic markers. By applying this cannabinomics approach to the data obtained from 20 varieties of C. sativa (classically classified as chemotype I, II, or III), we compared the results with those obtained by a targeted quantification of 11 phytocannabinoids. Cannabinomics can be considered as a complementary tool for phenotyping and genotyping, allowing the identification of minor compounds playing a key role as markers of differentiation.