Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Roles of Charge Accumulation and Interface States in Surface Degradation (NPN Planar Transistors)

The relative roles of the radiation-induced interface states and oxide charges on the surface degradation of NPN planar transistors have been determined by using gate controlled measurement techniques. Three main conclusions resulted. 1) In general, the new interface states are the more important factor in the surface degradation of NPN transistors with oxide properties similar to those existing in the present study as long as a strong inversion of the base surface is not developed which causes a "channel" between the emitter and base contact. Charge buildup would then become the primary factor if extensive channeling did develop; this primarily would occur at high doses. 2) Extensive "channeling", affecting the high current gain, did not fully develop in our NPN transistors up to very high doses; however, the possible existence of channeling in other different oxide preparations cannot be ruled out. 3) The nonuniform nature of the charge buildup and the charge of the interface states can contribute significantly to low-current gain degradation.
The effect of using universal anchorages in child restraint seats on the injury potential for children in frontal crash

Abstract This paper focuses on the efficacy of various methods used for anchoring child safety seats in vehicles. An experimental vehicle crash test was conducted incorporating two three-year-old Hybrid III crash test dummies, restrained in a five-point child restraint seats, in accordance to Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208. One Child Restraint Seat was affixed to the vehicle seat using the car seat belt and the second was anchored using the lower anchorages provided in the vehicle for child seats. A top tether was used in addition to both the anchoring techniques to provide additional support to the child safety seat. The vehicle crash test was completed to investigate the head, neck, and thoracic injury potential of the Hybrid III crash test dummies due to change in anchoring methods. Similarities and differences were noted in the response of the two dummies to the same crash conditions. Peak values of the neck injury criteria, calculated from the observations obtained from the lower neck loads cell ranged from 1.7 to 1.9. The head injury criteria calculated over a 15 ms evaluation period were observed to lie between 250 and 350, and the values computed over a 36 ms evaluation period ranged between 450 and 600. Percentage reduction of approximately 10% to 20% was observed in the neck forces and moments and head accelerations by using the adult seat belt instead of the ISOFIX for CRS anchoring. A high probability of neck and cervical injuries was estimated for both child restraining configurations.
CFD simulation on a thermal power plant with air‐cooled heat exchanger system in north China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the overall flow and temperature field of the air in the whole power plant, especially around the air‐cooled heat exchanger (ACHE) to evaluate the feasibility of the thermal plant project.Design/methodology/approach – The commercial computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT with standard k‐e turbulent model was used. The buoyancy of the air was also considered.Findings – It is concluded that plume recirculation occurs in each case due to the wind effect and the suction of the fan. Installing a side board below or above the fan platform (side board I or side board II) is an effective method of avoiding the plume recirculation and, the higher the board, the better the effect. When the height of the side board I H1≥10 m or the height of the side board II H2≥12 m, the temperature distributions of the fan platform will be sufficient to meet the requirement.Research limitations/implications – A proper distance between the adjacent high buildings and the ACHE .
Modeling Study of a Linear Ultrasonic Phased Array Transducer

A numerical simulation model based on the finite element method (FEM) and wave analysis is proposed to study the acoustic field of a linear instructions and ultrasonic phased array (LUPA) transducer. The ultrasonic wave propagation in the isotropic solid is studied. The delay law controlling for electronic scanning of a LUPA transducer is analyzed. The ultrasonic wave propagation in the inspection material can be visualized in the form of displacement cloud images by FEM modeling. Experiments show that the model can efficiently and accurately predict the radiation field of beam focusing, steering and electronic scanning of a linear phased array transducer. By employing the proposed method, parameters can be conveniently changed to study the acoustic field of the ultrasonic beam in the medium. It is very helpful for designing and applying the linear phased array transducer and flaw inspection in NDT field.
Effects of RF stress on power and pulsed IV characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with field-plate gates

The effects of RF stress on power and pulsed IV characteristics of field-plated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated on two different epitaxial structures are presented. The power degradation characteristics are shown. The RF stress resulted in different degrees of RF voltage and current swing reduction on the two wafers. The current dispersion became more aggravated after RF stress under high quiescent drain bias conditions in one of the structures.
A bio-inspired EAP actuator design methodology

Current EAP actuator sheets or fibers perform reasonable well in the centimeter and mN range, but are not practical for larger force and deformation requirements. In order to make EAP actuators technology scalable a design methodology for polymer actuators is required. Design variables, optimization formulas and a general architecture are required, as it is usual in electromagnetic or hydraulic actuator design. This will allow the development of large EAP actuators specifically designed for a particular application. It will also help to enhance the EAP material final performance. This approach is not new, it is found in Nature. Skeletal muscle architecture has a profound influence on muscle force-generating properties and functionality. Based on existing literature on skeletal muscle biomechanics, the Nature design philosophy is inferred. Formulas and curves employed by Nature in the design of muscles are presented. Design units such as fiber, tendon, aponeurosis, and motor unit are compared with the equivalent design units to be taken into account in the design of EAP actuators. Finally a complete design methodology for the design of actuators based on multiple EAP fiber is proposed. In addition, the procedure gives an idea of the required parameters that must be clearly modeled and characterized at EAP material level.
Centrifugal pumps: which suction specific speeds are acceptable

Suction specific speed is an important consideration when purchasing or analyzing centrifugal pumps. There is a direct correlation between this parameter, pump reliability and maintenance expenses. This article demonstrates that in a large Gulf Coast oil refinery, centrifugal pumps with a suction specific speed greater than 11,000 failed at a frequency nearly twice that of centrifugal pumps with suction specific speed less than 11,000. This study consisted primarily of hydrocarbon pumps with an average horsepower of 150 hp. Results may vary some from those found if high energy water pumps are studied. 5 refs.
Multi-Vibrational Hydrogen Release: A Dielectric Breakdown Model for Ultra-thin SiO2/SiON and High-K Stack

The dominance of CMOS technology over the last three decades has permitted the industry to focus its efforts primarily on scaling and this has led to remarkable CMOS success in terms of performance, functionality, and cost per function. With nearly 30 years of continual CMOS scaling, existing CMOS materials have now been pushed to their physical and reliability limits. A gate leakage reduction can be achieved with high-k gate dielectrics while keeping a very low electrical-equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) [1]. It is now crucial to obtain a good comprehension of the degradation mechanism in high-K gate dielectrics in order to design relative accurate lifetime model.
Changing patterns in corporate technology strategies

In this paper the challenges and solutions relevant to the management of technology in contemporary global companies are explored. The impact of technological change on the classical organizational paradigms of functional areas in operations is discussed. Successful corporate responses to environment change are also presented. Recommended solutions to constraints described herein are presented in the form of Best Management Practices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 83–92, 2005.
Probing Drain Current with Vertical and Horizontal Electrical Fields under Temperature Stress on CLC TFTs

Thin-film transistors (TFT) usually exhibit non-uniform electrical characteristics fabricated by the identical process because of the formation of the grain boundary traps, bulk grain traps, interface states and some defects on channel region. All the traps and defects affecting the electrical characteristics of TFTs can be thermally and electrically activated. In this study, the temperature effect accompanying the horizontal and vertical electric fields stressing on continuous-wave green laser-crystallized (CLC) single-grain-like poly silicon TFTs (poly-Si TFTs), presenting the excellent effective electron mobility, up to 530 cm^2/V-s, was firstly investigated.
Investigation of Effects of Baffle Configuration on the Performance of a Fixed-Cone Valve by Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Model

Nested type Fixed-Cone Valve, numerical simulation, energy dissipating, turbulent flow Abstract: In this paper, In this paper, a new type of Fixed-Cone Valve was proposed by improving the conventional type Fixed-Cone Valve . The flow fields of the two kinds of Fixed-Cone Valves were studied by using numerical simulation method . The computed pressure fields and the velocity fields were analyzed ,which shows that under the same conditions ,and by using the nested Fixed-Cone valve, the pressure of the upstream pipe and the cone valve and the average velocity along the downstream pipeline are reduced ,but the rate of energy dissipation is increased.
Critical Path Definition Using Multicriteria Decision Making: PROMETHEE Method

AbstractProject managers are usually faced with decision environments in which there are a number of incommensurable and often conflicting objectives such as minimizing the total project costs, meeting a certain contracted date, conflicting expenses on a fixed budget, and ensuring that certain activities achieve certain quality levels. Furthermore, in some real-world situations, it may be difficult to get precise information about activity durations or cost. In these complex and uncertain environments in which numerous factors need to be considered, the ability to make sound decisions is very important to the success of a project. Multicriteria decision-making methods are a class of operations research models that deal with the process of making decisions in the presence of multiple objectives. This paper proposes the use of the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) method under fuzzy environments in order to determine the critical path of a network, considering not .
Manufacturing and heat-treatment procedure for the ALTAIR optical bench

The Gemini North Adaptive Optics Instrument is currently under construction at the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council Canada. In the Altair design, many optical components must be positioned relative to one another within micron-level tolerances. These relative positions are required to be stable over the life of the instrument, all optical components will be mounted to an optical bench. The choice of materials and manufacturing processes are key to the long-term dimensional stability of the optical bench and represent a significant engineering challenge. The candidate materials and manufacturing processes are key to the long-term dimensional stability of the optical bench and represent a significant engineering challenge. The candidate materials and manufacturing options will be discussed. In addition, the final design, and the manufacturing and heat-treatment processes for the Altair optical bench will be presented.
An Analytical Study of Pedestrian Headform Impacts Using a Dual Asymmetrical Triangle Function

Child headform and adult headform impacting the bonnet (hood) of a passenger vehicle are two of the four types of tests conducted by EuroNCAP to rate the pedestrian protection performance of new vehicles. The present work focuses on the dual-peak acceleration pulses of the headform often observed in the tests. A dual asymmetrical triangle function is chosen to model the pulse. Using the analytical function, the kinematical equations of the headform, and the explicit equations for calculating the maximum displacement, rebound time and Head Injury Criterion (HIC) value are derived. A parametric study is conducted to investigate how the wave shape affects the HIC value. Several important characteristics of the dual-peak pulses, including the headform rebound time and the maximum headform displacement, are identified. A spreadsheet tool has also been developed using the dual asymmetrical triangle function to relate the headform kinematics to the mechanical property of the bonnet. © 2002 ASME
Study of MVDR Adaptive Beam High Resolution Bearing Estimation Algorithms Based on SMI

This dissertation systematically studies beam space high resolution bearing estimation algorithms. The solution to target resolving and bearing estimation is proposed to remove the contribution from interferes outside the beam coverage area. MVDR adaptive beam based on sample covariance matrix inversion (SMI) is demonstrated for the condition under which strong interferes and signals are weakly correlated. For the situation that strong interferes and signals are strongly correlated, MVDR beam forming algorithm based on virtual interferes is proposed to suppress strong interferes. Simulation results indicate that the beam space MUSIC algorithm based on MVDR is an effective way to resolve multiple targets in small angle domain.
HOLLOW AXLE ULTRASONIC CRACK DETECTION FOR CONVENTIONAL RAILWAY VEHICLES

An ultrasonic testing technique was studied for a hollow axle with a 30 mm bore diameter manufactured on a trial basis for conventional railway vehicles. To compensate for the decrease in crack detection sensitivity due to the small bore diameter, a piezocomposite focal probe was designed. It has been demonstrated that the ultrasonic testing equipment thus developed could detect artificial flaws with a depth of 0.15 mm at the non-fitted central part and those with a depth of 0.3 mm at the inner end of the wheelseat (fitted part). The accuracy of axle inspection for conventional railway vehicles equipped with such hollow axles will match that of Shinkansen vehicles.
Simple analytical approach to predict large‐signal stability region of a closed‐loop boost DC–DC converter

A simple analytical approach to predict large-signal stability region of switching power converters is presented. By the concept of input-output stability, the large-signal stability region is estimated via the small-signal feedback control loops. Therefore the influence of the small-signal loop gains on the large-signal stability region is also revealed. A Boost DC-DC converter with average-current mode control is adopted as the example throughout the study to illustrate the derivation of the presented approach. The effectiveness of the approach is verified by both simulations and experimental results.
High Occupational Physical Activity and cardiovascular risk factors in employees: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe impact of occupational physical activity (OPA) intensity, considering adults work many hours a day, on health is unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the association between the high intensity of OPA and cardiovascular risk factors of employees.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in the “Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas S.A. Company” (FCC S.A. Delegation) in 2017, Spain. The intensity of OPA of each employee was classified by work categories in low (≤ 3 METs) or high (> 3 METs). Health and lifestyle data of employees were collected on medical consultation in the workplace.ResultsAssociations were analyzed between the high intensity of OPA and cardiovascular risk factors of employees. 751 employees, 55.5% (n = 417) with high intensity of OPA. An 82.2% (n = 245) of employees with low intensity of OPA presented overweight/obesity compared with 69.0% (n = 171) with high intensity of OPA employees (p < 0.001). In men, high intensity of OPA is negatively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) (B: -0.042, p = 0.003), waist circumference (B: -0.027, p < 0.001) waist-hip ratio (B: -5.484, p < 0.001), cholesterol (B: -0.007, p = 0.001) and triglycerides (B= -0.003, p = 0.025). In women, high intensity of OPA was positively associated with blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP: B = 0.036, p = 0.005 and diastolic BP: B = 0.040, p = 0.021). ConclusionsIn conclusion, the high intensity of OPA is associated with less cardiovascular risk factors in men, whereas women are associated with high levels of blood pressure, suggesting an influence of gender and work categories.
AUV Link Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Examination

Wireless optical communication systems allow reliable communication in the ultraviolet (UV) range, and protected from intentional suppression and interception, both in the presence and in the absence of direct visibility between the transmitter and the receiver. Currently, the actual and insufficiently explored direction is the development and research of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) with a UV communication channel. To analyze the capacity of a mobile network of UV communications with different spatial orientation of network nodes, it is necessary to take into account not only their coordinates and elevation angles but also azimuths. NLOS UV bandwidth models have been developed using three types of modulation: on-off keying (OOK), pulse-phase modulation (PPM), digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) with a different number of guard intervals. The noted advantages of DPIM, which are most important for the implementation of a mobile self-organizing network with a UV channel, are: it does not require symbolic synchronization of the transmitter and receiver, it requires a smaller frequency band compared to PPM, it has a higher energy efficiency compared to OOK. A parametric approximation of losses in the NLOS UV channel has been performed, taking into account the azimuthal deviations of the transmitter and receiver for specific parameters of the communication system. Has been done a performance simulation of the MANET network with an ultraviolet communication channel Has been calculated values of the bit error rate (BER), and bit rate for a system with different types of modulation with low, medium, and high noise levels in the channel. With the use of parametric approximation of losses in the channel, are analyzed the BER and the bitrate of the UV communication system with an azimuthal deviation within 30 degrees. Based on the obtained simulation results, prospects for the further development of mobile self-organizing networks with a UV channel are indicated to improve their reliability and performance.
Wavelet feature vectors for neural network based harmonics load recognition

Power quality embraces problems caused by harmonics, over or under-voltages, or supply discontinuities. Harmonics are caused by all sorts of non-linear loads. In order to fully understand the problems, an effective means of identifying sources of power harmonics is important. In this paper, the authors make use of new developments in wavelets so that each type of current waveform polluted with power harmonics can well be represented by a normalised energy vector consisting of five elements. Furthermore, a mixture of harmonics load can also be represented by a corresponding vector. This paper describes the mathematics and algorithms for arriving at the vectors, forming a strong foundation for real-time harmonics signature recognition, in particular, useful to the re-structuring of the whole electric power industry. The system performs exceptionally well with the aid of an artificial neural network.
An Improved Algorithm for Cross-Coupling Control of Multi-Axis Machine Tools

This paper presents an improved algorithm for cross-coupling controlled systems. In contrast to the existing algorithms, which must be re-formulated for different types of curves and may be inconvenient to implement, the proposed algorithm is adequate for general nonparametric and parametric curves. In addition, the proposed algorithm requires less computational time but achieves the same performance as compared with the existing ones.
Edge computing in multi-scope service-oriented mobile healthcare systems

IoT based e-Health solutions is an upcoming trend which will revolution-ize the healthcare in the near future. IoT has evolved from micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), wireless technologies and Internet which together offer connectivity of systems, microelectronic devices, and medical services and allow data processing at the edge. That at the same time allows to save computational resources and avoid unnecessary point of failure, such as centralized synchronization point. Monitoring of patients’ vital signs parameters (measured at home) is achieved by using modern Internet of Things technology which provides networkable connections between portable diagnostic sensors, their cell phones, cloud data storage with patients’ Personal Health Records and professional health providers. This paper ex-plores possibilities of using fog computing approach to shift data processing and computations from cloud to the edge and to build a multi-scope infrastructure for mHealth and citizen-observation system, based on SOA approach. providers. We are mostly the first who start to investigate advantages of service-oriented architecture in mobile medicine. This paper is a generalization of the author's publications on the possible usage of the service-oriented computing paradigm (SOC) for building a medical services platform which allows unifying the development of applications for patients, doctors and the central server by orchestrating and com-posing web services from a common cloud repository. Due to this approach the created applications can be adapted to the particular patient, his disease and the plan of his treatment at home.
Study on Planning of Recycling Reverse Logistics System and the Campus Based Case Study

Regarding low-carbon and sustainable development as themes of the era, people concentrate more on resources recycling. However the current social recycling system loses substantial potential recyclable resources and causes additional waste of energy and resources itself, due to the lack of an appropriate and effective mechanism. Based on the studies of modern logistics and reverse logistics, this article proposes a technique as Recycling Reverse Logistics System to solve the problem in order to improve the situation. Combined with E-business and IT technology, the technique provides measures to construct and assess the system. In addition, the article provides a case-study of the campus paper recycling system, so that the technique is tested and validated.