Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconigurable Microwave Filters

Reconfigurable microwave filters make microwave transceivers adaptable to multiple bands of operation using a single filter, which is highly desirable in today’s communications with evermore growing wireless applications. Tunable filters can replace the necessity of switching between several filters to have more than one filter response by introducing tuning elements embedded into a filter topology. Microwave tunable filters can be divided in two groups, filters with discrete tuning, and filters with continuous tuning. Filter topologies presenting a discrete tuning generally use PIN diodes or MEMS switches. On the other hand, filter topologies using varactor diodes, MEMS capacitors, ferroelectric materials or ferromagnetic materials are frequently used to obtain a continuous tuning device. Filter topologies can mix continuous and discrete tuning by combining tuning elements as well, e.g. the use of switches and varactors on a filter topology can form part of a discrete and continuous tuned device. Center frequency is the most common filter parameter to reconfigure. Fewer designs reconfigure other parameters, such as the bandwidth or selectivity. When deciding which technology is adequate for a given application, the designer must consider the following issues: cost, power consumption, size, performance and operating frequency. This chapter intends to provide a broad view of the microwave reconfigurable filters field, where different technologies used to reconfigure filters are discussed through different chapter sections, and finally an overall view of the field is given in the conclusions section at the end of the chapter. This chapter starts discussing filters that use active devices as tuning elements in section 2; these include the PIN diode, the varactor diode, the transistor and Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) implementation. Section 3 discusses the use of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) as tuning elements on filter topologies; the section discusses the use of MEMS switches and MEMS varactors. Section 4 contains tunable filters using ferroelectric materials, where devices using the most common ferroelectrics are discussed. Section 5 contains filters that use ferromagnetic materials as tuning elements, the section discusses circuits using Yttrium-Iron-Garnet (YIG) films and other ferromagnetic tuning mechanisms. Section 6 describes devices that combine some of the technologies discussed in previous sections to achieve reconfigurable filter parameters. Section 7 contains a discussion of 7
How Old is Old? Employing Elderly Teachers in the Private Sector Schools in Sri Lanka

The purpose of this paper is to explore why private sector schools in Sri Lanka employ elderly teachers (ETs). This paper used semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 employers/principals in the private sector schools in Sri Lanka. The study found that the reasons for employing ETs in the private sector schools were shortfall of English medium qualified teachers, lack of teachers with adequate pedagogical knowledge, high job attrition among the young teachers, competence of ETs, and special expertise contribution of ETs as administrators, mentors and the guardians of school culture. Further, financial constraints and reputational issues faced by particularly the new and small private sector schools caused to employ ETs. This paper indicated the employment opportunities available for ETs in the private sector schools and the implications for the school education in Sri Lanka.
A Comparison of Sustained-Release Bupropion and Placebo for Smoking Cessation

Background and Methods Trials of antidepressant medications for smoking cessation have had mixed results. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a sustained-release form of bupropion for smoking cessation. We excluded smokers with current depression, but not those with a history of major depression. The 615 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or bupropion at a dose of 100, 150, or 300 mg per day for seven weeks. The target quitting date (or “target quit date”) was one week after the beginning of treatment. Brief counseling was provided at base line, weekly during treatment, and at 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Self-reported abstinence was confirmed by a carbon monoxide concentration in expired air of 10 ppm or less. Results At the end of seven weeks of treatment, the rates of smoking cessation as confirmed by carbon monoxide measurements were 19.0 percent in the placebo group, 28.8 percent in the 100-mg group, 38.6 percent in the 150-mg group, and 44.2 percent in the 300-mg gro.
Technology-Enabled Transformations in U.S. Health Care: Early Findings on Personal Health Records and Individual Use

Information intensive industries, such as health care, rely extensively on the ability to store, process, analyze, and use data. Although other information intensive industries have adopted information technology aggressively and reaped the benefits that result from usage, the health care industry has been notoriously slow to implement information systems, with some researchers suggesting that health care is 10-15 years behind other industries. Recognizing the critical importance of decision quality in the health care sector, together with the need to improve the speed and efficiency of operations, many have called for the transformation of the health care industry through widespread adoption and usage of information technology (IT). In this chapter, we define and discuss health information technology (HIT) and the extensive opportunities for IS research in this field. In particular, we direct our attention to the electronic personal health record (PHR) and investigate the justification for adoption of a class of software that we label a discretionary application. Finally, we report findings from an empirical investigation of PHR usage and show that specific demographic and health conditions drive value for PHRs and ultimately usage intentions.
The growth, survival rate and reproductive characteristics of Artemia urmiana fed by Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloropsis oculata, Chaetoceros sp., Chlorella sp. and Spirolina sp. as feeding microalgae

This study was performed to compare the efficiency of six microalgae namely Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloropsis oculata, Chaetoceros sp. , Chlorella sp. and Spirolina sp. on the growth, survival rate and reproduction efficacy in Artemia urmiana in laboratory conditions. Artemia cysts were harvested from Urmia Lake and hatched according to the standard method. Live microalgae were cultured using the f/2 culture medium. Artemia survival was determined in treatments on days 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20. A highly significant difference (p<0.01) were found among three microalgae in terms of length growth, survival rates and reproduction characteristics in A. urmiana. In spite of higher length growth of A.urmiana fed on N. oculata than A. urmiana fed by T. suecica but survival and reproduction in the latter was better than the first treatment. In general, D. tertiolecta was more efficient than other microalgae examined in the present study on A. urmiana concerning not only to growth and survival but also to reproduction mode. So, it is preferred to feed A. urmiana.
Pedestrian accessibility in grid layouts: the role of block, plot and street dimensions

Research on urban form and walkability suggests that on average smaller blocks are better for pedestrians. We explore how block sizes, plot dimensions and street widths affect pedestrian accessibility in regular grids. Pedestrian accessibility is captured by the gravity index, which is proportional to the number of neighbouring plots that can be reached within a given walking radius and inversely proportional to the travel costs involved. Pedestrian accessibility is measured for the original town plans of well-known US and Australian grids and compared with thousands of computer simulated grids, analysing how close the grids come to the theoretical maxima of pedestrian accessibility, given plot sizes and street dimensions. The findings show how dimensions of plot frontages and depths, street widths and block lengths affect pedestrian accessibility in gridiron urban environments. Block lengths have a non-linear relationship to accessibility and smaller blocks are not necessarily better for pedestrians. In many cases, larger blocks have greater pedestrian accessibility than smaller blocks, which might explain previous variable findings on the effects of blocks sizes on walkability. Though block lengths in most of the famous grids we investigate come close to achieving maximum possible pedestrian accessibility levels, some of them could provide users with as much as 12 per cent more accessibility if their lengths were optimized for pedestrians. The lengths of the Manhattan and Indianapolis blocks come closest to maximizing pedestrian access, given their original plot and street dimensions. We illustrate a few prototypical block sizes that maximize pedestrian accessibility and may be suitable for pedestrian-friendly subdivisions in contemporary urban planning.
SCALE-FREE PRIOR IN GENE REGULATORY NETWORK RECONSTRUCTION

Reverse engineering gene regulatory network using expression data is a tough task due to the complex nature of these networks. Bayesian inference have long been put into play for learning these networks. However, they are limited to using only the information derived from data. Here, we attempt to include expert knowledge as a prior information for network reconstruction. One such property of biological networks is scale-free structure. We combine scale-free prior on graph structure with genetic algorithm as a sampling algorithm for network inference. We compare scale-free prior with uniform prior and show that the former outperforms the latter under the condition that network being learned has scale-free nature. We also compare it against ARACNE and find that scale-free prior performs relatively low. In addition, we ran our scale-free prior on HCC1954 breast cancer cell data and find that it recalls a significant fraction of known interactions.
Geology and Scientific Significance of the Rümker Region in Northern Oceanus Procellarum: China's Chang'E‐5 Landing Region

The Rümker region (41–45°N, 49–69°W) is located in northern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon. Mons Rümker is the most distinctive geological feature in the area. The region is characterized by prolonged lunar volcanism (Late Imbrian Period to Eratosthenian Period), forming multiple geologic units in the area, including very low‐Ti to low‐Ti mare basalts, high‐Ti mare basalts, and volcanic complexes. Each geologic unit has distinct element composition and mineral assemblages. The Rümker region, overlying the Procellarum KREEP Terrain, was selected as the landing region for China's Chang'E‐5 lunar sample return mission. Prelanding analyses of the geologic context and scientific potential are reported in this contribution. We conducted detailed geological mapping using image, spectral, and altimetry data. Fourteen geological units were defined, a geologic map was constructed, and the geologic history was outlined. The western mare units (Im1, Im2, and Im3) are Imbrian‐aged (~3.4–3.5 Ga) representing the major stage of lunar mare eruptive volcanism. The eastern young mare units (Em3 and Em4; <2 Ga) are among the youngest mare basalts on the Moon. They have never been explored in situ or studied in the laboratory. We suggest that samples returned from the eastern mare unit (Em4) could answer many fundamental questions and that this unit should be listed as the top priority landing site for Chang'E‐5 sample return mission.
The Impact of Screen Size: A Usability Evaluation of Mobile Devices for Scholarly Reading

This study aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of usability related to performing scholarly readings across mobile devices with different screen sizes. The primary research questions are: 1) What are the perceived advantages and disadvantages of mobile devices with different screen sizes for scholarly reading? 2) Is screen size a major factor affecting usability? The author conducted a qualitative and quantitative methods study, including observation, questionnaire and semi-structured interview.
Human Computation Games and Optimization of Their Productivity

Web 2.0 technology enables people worldwide to collaborate over the Internet, a phenomenon known as social collaboration. While the incentives for social collaboration are primarily enthusiasm for a particular subject, building a reputation, or gaining a benefit by doing something in exchange for using services or downloading files, the emergence of human computation games has shown that the prospect of having fun can be a strong incentive for participants to actively engage in such collaboration. Among the human computation games, ESP game (ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception) is one of the most popular ones. To play an ESP game, two randomly matched players assign labels that appropriately describe an image provided by the system. It has been shown that the "outcomes" of ESP games have many useful applications, such as image-based CAPTCHA tests and semantic image searches. In this chapter, we provide an overview of human computation games and present an analytical model for computing the utility of ESP games, i.e., the throughput rate of appropriate labels for given images. The model targets generalized games, where the number of players, the consensus threshold, and the stopping condition are variable. Via extensive simulations, we show that our model can accurately predict the stopping condition that will yield the optimal utility of an ESP game under a specific game setting. A service provider can therefore utilize the model to ensure that the hosted ESP games produce high-quality labels efficiently, given that the number of players willing to invest time and effort in the game is limited. that is 2 or more times higher than that of the simple ESP game. Even if we consider a more conservative scenario, where only two participants play the game and the consensus threshold is set to 2, the utility gain will be around 2, assuming the number of good words is 20 and the probability of choosing good words is 0.8. Moreover, the utility gain increases rapidly as either the consensus threshold or the size of the good vocabulary increases. The utility gain is only significantly lower than 2 when the number of participants is much higher than 2. However, we can still achieve a utility gain of around 1.3, even the number of players is as high as 20. These findings demonstrate that the utility
Shape Correspondence Analysis for Biomolecules Based on Volumetric Eigenfunctions

Abstract The functionality of biomolecules depends on their flexible structures, which can be characterized by their surface shapes. Tracking the deformation and comparing biomolecular shapes are essential in understanding their mechanisms. In this paper, a new spectral shape correspondence analysis method is introduced for biomolecules based on volumetric eigenfunctions. The eigenfunctions are computed from the joint graph of two given shapes, avoiding the sign flipping and confusion in the order of modes. An initial correspondence is built based on the distribution of a shape diameter, which matches similar surface features in different shapes and guides the eigenfunction computation. A two-step scheme is developed to determine the final correspondence. The first step utilizes volumetric eigenfunctions to correct the assignment of boundary nodes that disobeys the main structures. The second step minimizes the distortion induced by deforming one shape to the other. As a result, a dense point correspondence is constructed between the two given shapes, based on which we approximate and predict the shape deformation, as well as quantitatively measure the detailed shape differences.
The IWSLT 2015 Evaluation Campaign

The IWSLT 2015 Evaluation Campaign featured three tracks: automatic speech recognition (ASR), spoken language translation (SLT), and machine translation (MT). For ASR we offered two tasks, on English and German, while for SLT and MT a number of tasks were proposed, involving English, German, French, Chinese, Czech, Thai, and Viet-namese. All tracks involved the transcription or translation of TED talks, either made available by the ofﬁcial TED web-site or by other TEDx events. A notable change with respect to previous evaluations was the use of unsegmented speech in the SLT track in order to better ﬁt a real application scenario. Thus, from one side participants were encouraged to develop advanced methods for sentence segmentation, from the other side organisers had to cope with the automatic evaluation of SLT outputs not matching the sentence-wise arrangement of the human references. A new evaluation server was also developed to allow participants to score their MT and SLT systems on selected dev and test sets. This year 16 teams participated in the evaluation, for a total of 63 primary submissions. All runs were evaluated with objective metrics, and submissions for two of the MT translation tracks were also evaluated with human post-editing.
ADJUSTMENT IN THE FLIGHT PHASE OF 1M SPRINGBOARD FORWARD PIKE DIVES

The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in 1m springboard forward pike dives (101B). Variability of body orientation angle at takeoff and water entry together with joint angle time histories of 15 forward pike dives, performed by an international diver, were determined using video analysis. A computer simulation model was used to investigate the effects of initial conditions variability and flight phase configuration variability on outcome (orientation at entry) variability. It was found that the variation in the simulated orientation at entry arising from variability in the initial conditions was greater than the actual variation. This indicates that the diver used feedback correction to make adjustments during flight to reduce the variability of his entry angle.
KELEA Activation of Water and Other Fluids for Health, Agriculture and Industry

Water is a critical component in the functioning of the earth and of all living creatures. An important insight into the variable physical and biological properties of water has been provided by studies consistent with an external force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) that weakens the intermolecular bonding of water molecules. Simple methods are described in this paper for producing and testing KELEA activated water. A summary is also provided of many major applications of KELEA activated water in health, agriculture and industry. While several of the proposed applications require more rigorous scientific documentation and further optimization, collectively they present the compelling opportunity for KELEA activated water to immediately transform medical, agricultural and industrial practices. A coordinated endeavor is proposed to better understand the science of KELEA and to develop simplified protocols for utilizing KELEA activated water and other fluids in the presently described and likely numerous additional applications. This ambitious undertaking envisions the cooperation among a range of specialized philanthropic organizations, working within different countries and with the strong support of national governments.
A Study of Student-Teachers' Readiness to Use Computers in Teaching: An Empirical Study.

This study attempts to analyze student-teachers' attitude towards the use of computers for classroom teaching. Four dimensions of computer attitude on a Likert-type five-point scale were used: Affect (liking), Perceived usefulness, Perceived Control and Behaviour Intention to use computers. The effect of student-teachers' subject area, years of computer experience and computer competency on attitude towards the computers are also analyzed. The study has adopted ‘Technology Acceptance Model’ as its conceptual framework. Apart from mean analysis, correlation and Multivibrate Ananlysis of Variance (MANOVA) are carried out to elucidate statistical significance of the study variables. Major findings in this study are: (1) Student-teachers are found to have positive attitude towards the use of computers for classroom teaching; (2) Affect dimension of computer attitude is significant for subject area and computer experience; (3) A strong positive correlation between the computer experience and computer attitude was observed; (4) A significant correlation between the years of computer experience and perceived control, and computer attitude was observed; (5) The findings show a significant difference in computer attitude by subject areas: Languages, Science, Mathematics and Social Studies; and (6) Subject area and computer experience are significantly associated with an overall attitude towards computers. Implications for teacher training and suggestions for further research are provided
Breast tumor detection and classification in Mammograms: Gabor wavelet vs. statistical features

Breast cancer is the second cause of fatality among all cancers for women. Automatic classification of breast cancer lesions in mammograms is a challenging task due to the irregularity and complexity of the location, size, shape, and texture of these lesions. The intensity dissimilarity has been found between breast cancer tissues and normal tissues, when a multi-spectral anatomical mammographic screening scans have been done. In this work, two approaches have been evaluated to classify the breast tumor lesions. The first one is through Gabor wavelet features and the second one is Statistical features. Subsequently, support vector machine, Multilayer Perceptron and KNN classifiers have been used with computer based method for breast tumor classification.
Complex Medication Reconciliation in the Danish Medication System: Shared Medication Record for patients in transition of care across sectors

The purpose of Shared Medication (SMR) is to ensure medication reconciliation and thereby reduce the medication errors, thus increasing patient safety. However, medication errors concerning high-risk drugs as Warfarin remain a well-known issue in transitions of care. We examine if different ways of prescribing Warfarin in SMR affect patient safety in regard to transitions of care. We conducted a literature research and semi-structured interviews to investigate the objective. Data were analyzed based on the three analytical questions, and findings were synthesized. The findings indicate that implementing SMR has resulted in new errors. The medical order entry system allows for different manners to prescribe Warfarin which complicates reuse of information in primary sector. This can potentially jeopardize patient safety. Challenges using SMR in relation to the prescription of Warfarin creates workarounds which prevents a number of potential medication errors. But workarounds induce the risk of new undiscovered medication errors, which is why we argue for a higher degree of standardization in medication reconciliation of high risk drugs as Warfarin.
Ice core reconstruction of sea ice change in the Amundsen‐Ross Seas since 1702 A.D.

Antarctic sea ice has been increasing in recent decades, but with strong regional differences in the expression of sea ice change. Declining sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea since 1979 (the satellite era) has been linked to the observed warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, while the Ross Sea sector has seen a marked increase in sea ice during this period. Here we present a 308 year record of methansulphonic acid from coastal West Antarctica, representing sea ice conditions in the Amundsen‐Ross Sea. We demonstrate that the recent increase in sea ice in this region is part of a longer trend, with an estimated ~1° northward expansion in winter sea ice extent (SIE) during the twentieth century and a total expansion of ~1.3° since 1702. The greatest reconstructed SIE occurred during the mid‐1990s, with five of the past 30 years considered exceptional in the context of the past three centuries.