Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypermobility, fibromyalgia and chronic pain

Prologue Sarah Gurley-Green SECTION 1: CLINICAL SCIENCE 1. The heritable disorders of connective tissue: epidemiology, nosology, and clinical features Alan J Hakim, Fransiska Malfait & Anne De Paepe 2. What is the joint hypermobility syndrome? - JHS from the cradle to the grave Rodney Grahame with contributions from Jaime F Bravo, Nathan Hasson, Rosemary Keer & Susan M Maillard 3. The physiology of pain Maliha Shaikh, Alan J Hakim & Nicholas Shenker 4. Anxiety disorders, their relationship to hypermobility and their management Rocio Martin-Santos, Jose Alexandre Crippa & Anthony Bulbena 5. Fibromyalgia and hypermobility Anisur Rahman & Andrew Holman 6. Neuromuscular physiology in joint hypermobility 6i Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and chronic fatigue in fibromyalgia and joint hypermobility syndrome Jaime F. Bravo, Gonzalo Sanhueza, Alan J Hakim 6ii Bowel dysfunction in joint hypermobility syndrome and fibromyalgia Adam D Farmer & Qasim Aziz 6iii Gastrointestinal manifestations of opioid therapy in chronic pain syndromes Adam D Farmer & Qasim Aziz 6iv Proprioceptive dysfunction in JHS and its management William R Ferrell & Peter W Ferrell SECTION 2: THERAPY 7. Pharmacotherapy 7i Pharmacotherapy in fibromyalgia Andrew J Holman 7ii Pharmacotherapy in joint hypermobility syndrome Howard A Bird 8. Pain management and cognitive behavioural therapy H. Clare Daniel 9. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy in the hypermobile adult Rosemary Keer & Katherine Butler 10. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy in the hypermobile adolescent Alison Middleditch 11. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy in the hypermobile child Susan M Maillard & Julie Payne 12. Regional complications in joint hypermobility syndrome 12i The shoulder joint Anju Jaggi & Simon M Lambert 12ii The hand Katherine Butler 12iii The hip joint Marc George & Marcus JK Bankes 12iv The knee Fares Haddad & Rohit Dhawan 12v The hypermobile foot Ron S McCulloch & Andrew Redmond with contribution from Rosemary Keer 12vi Pregnancy and the pelvis Rodney Grahame & Rosemary Keer 12vii The cervical spine and jaw a The cervical spine Rosemary Keer b Temporomandibular joint - physiotherapy management Lynn Bryden c Temporomandibular joint - surgical intervention Waseem Jerjes & Colin Hopper 12viii The thoracolumbar spine Kaye Walls 13. Fitness, sport, performance and the principles of rehabilitation Jane Simmonds
SIBLING RIVALRY VS . COUSIN SOLIDARITY : HOW OWNERSHIP AND CO-LOCATION INFLUENCE PERFORMANCE IN A FRANCHISE CHAIN

This study examines the performance implications of unit co-location, defined as the presence of several units affiliated with the same multiunit chain in a common market. We analyze whether the performance of a corporate unit is influenced by co-located same-chain units, distinguishing the effects by ownership structure. We argue that corporate ownership and franchising entail different managerial incentives that influence the nature of within-chain interactions. We predict that a corporate unit’s revenue performance and operational efficiency benefit more from colocated franchised cousins than from co-located corporate sisters. We support our predictions using data from the hotel industry. Our study contributes to the multiunit chain and franchising literatures. We also provide insights on how firms can configure their subsidiary units.
Effect of Data Collection Practices on the Performance of Health Projects in Rwanda; A Case of Indoor Residual Spraying Project

This study sought to establish the effect of data collection practices on the performance of health projects in Rwanda. The study was anchored on the following objectives: to establish the effect of mobile data collection on the performance of health projects in Rwanda; to determine the effect of paper based data collection on the performance of health projects in Rwanda; and to determine the effect of personal digital assistants data collection on the performance of health projects in Rwanda. The study used a descriptive case survey design. A sample size of 310 respondents was drawn from a population of 1,383 using Yamane formula. Stratified random sampling was employed to sample the survey respondents from the target population. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and document reviews. The reliability and validity of the data collection instruments were tested using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient at an index of 0.70 and based on a 5-point Likert Scale for multiple items obtained from a pilot survey. The content validity of the questionnaires was done by supervisors from the University. Multiple regression analysis and Correlation analysis were used to establish the effect of data collection practices on the performance of health projects in Rwanda. The findings provided significant implications for future research and practice on how data collection practices on the performance of health projects would be improved.
Brain Networks & Dynamics in Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness with frequent uncontrollable sleep attacks. In addition to sleeprelated problems, changes in cognition have also been observed in patients with narcolepsy and have been linked to the loss of Orexin-A in a number of studies. Results from previous functional and structural neuroimaging studies would suggest that the loss of Orexin-A has numerous downstream effects in terms of both resting state glucose metabolism and perfusion and reduction in cortical grey matter. Specifically, studies investigating narcolepsy with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have observed aberrant perfusion and glucose metabolism in the hypothalamus and thalamus, as well as in prefrontal cortex. A very recent PET study in a large cohort of adolescents with type 1 narcolepsy further observed that the hypoand hypermetabolism in many of these cortico-frontal and subcortical brain regions also exhibited significant correlations with performance on a number of neurocognitive tests. These findings parallel those found in structural neuroimaging studies, where a reduction of cortical grey matter in frontotemporal areas has been observed. The Aim of this thesis was to investigate mechanisms and aetiology behind the symptoms in narcolepsy through the application of different neuroimaging techniques. I present in this thesis evidence supporting that the complaints about subjective memory deficits in narcolepsy are related to a misallocation of resources. I further describe how this has its seat in defective default mode network activation, possibly involving alterations to GABA and Glutamate signaling. In addition to this, I present our findings of a structural deviation in an area of the brainstem previously not described in the aetiology of narcolepsy. This finding may have implications for further understanding the aetiology of the disease and the specific neuronal populations involved. In addition to this, I show evidence from adipose tissue measurements in specific compartments, confirming that weight gain in narcolepsy is characterised by centrally located weight gain and may be specifically related to OX changes, but maybe not brown adipose tissue volume.
Infant and toddler oral health: a survey of attitudes and practice behaviors of North Carolina dental hygienists

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, comfort, practice behaviors, and stage of readiness and barriers of dental hygienists (DH) in North Carolina (NC) with respect to providing oral health care to infants/toddlers. A questionnaire was mailed to 2000 licensed DH practicing in NC randomly selected from the NC State Board of Dental Examiners database. The majority of respondents (99%) were female and working in private practice (94%). A high rate of DH are currently not providing care to infants/toddlers (59%), although two thirds of the respondents were contemplating the care for infants/toddlers. Significant barriers included lack of continuing education, unfamiliarity with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guidelines, and current practice situation. DH highly value preventive care for infants/toddlers, however, strategies to increase comfort and diminish practice constraints should be considered to improve DH's stage of readiness to care for this population. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my thesis committee for their invaluable knowledge, trust and support. To my dear three kids: Edwin, Julie and Allison whom I love with all my heart. To Victor for his unconditional support. To Ms. Debbie Price for making it all possible.
Nutrient Metabolism Hesperidin , a Citrus Flavonoid , Inhibits Bone Loss and Decreases Serum and Hepatic Lipids in Ovariectomized Mice 1

The purpose of this study was to examine whether hesperidin inhibits bone loss in ovariectomized mice (OVX), an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Forty 8-wk-old female ddY mice were assigned to five groups: a sham-operated group fed the control diet (AIN-93G), an OVX group fed the control diet, an OVX HesA group fed the control diet containing 0.5 g/100 g hesperidin, and an OVX HesB group fed the control diet containing 0.7 g/100 g -glucosylhesperidin and an OVX 17 -estradiol (E2) group fed the control diet and administered 0.03 g E2/d with a mini-osmotic pump. After 4 wk, the mice were killed and blood, femoral, uterine and liver were sampled immediately. Hesperidin administration did not affect the uterine weight. In OVX mice, the bone mineral density of the femur was lower than in the sham group (P 0.05) and this bone loss was significantly prevented by dietary hesperidin or -glucosylhesperidin. The Ca, P and Zn concentrations in the femur were significantly higher in the hesperidin-fed and E2 groups than in the OVX group. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness in the femoral distal metaphysis were markedly decreased (P 0.05) by OVX, and -glucosylhesperidin significantly prevented this bone loss. Furthermore, hesperidin decreased the osteoclast number of the femoral metaphysis in OVX mice, as did E2. Serum and hepatic lipids were lower in mice that consumed the hesperidin-containing diets (P 0.05) than in the OVX group fed the control diet. These results suggest a possible role for citrus flavonoids in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases because of their beneficial effects on bone and lipids. J. Nutr. 133: 1892–1897, 2003.
MRI research sheds new light on reflexology

We examined the somatotopical relationship between cortical activity and sensory stimulation of reflex areas in reflexology using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three reflex areas on the left foot, relating to the eye, shoulder, and small intestine were stimulated during the experiment. A statistical 9 September 2008 ccepted 1 October 2008 eywords: unctional magnetic resonance imaging eflexology analysis showed that reflexological stimulation of the foot reflex areas corresponding to the eye, shoulder, and small intestine activated not only the somatosensory areas corresponding to the foot, but also the somatosensory areas corresponding to the eye, shoulder, and small intestine or neighboring body parts. Thus, the findings showed that reflexological stimulation induced a somatosensory process corresponding to the stimulated reflex area and that a neuroimaging approach can be used to examine the basis of reflexology effects.
Gradient estimation for high-dimensional machine learning ECE 543 Project Report

Gradient based optimisation techniques are often used to solve optimisation problems that arise in machine learning. In many machine learning problems, the exact gradient of the optimal function is difficult/impossible to compute, so an approximation to the gradient is used instead. In the report, I shall discuss a stochastic gradient scheme that is presented in [Borkar et al., 2015]. This scheme is particularly suited for estimating the gradients of high-dimensional functions, when there is no explicit formula for the objective function or its gradient. The scheme uses two central concepts; the theory of Spall’s Simultaneous Perturbation, and the theory of Compressive Sensing.
Vitamin B-12 Supplementation of Rural Mexican Women Changes Biochemical Vitamin B-12 Status Indicators but Does Not Affect Hematology or a Bone Turnover Marker 1 – 4

A high prevalence of low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations has been reported in studies and surveys in Latin America including Mexico, but the functional consequences are unknown. This randomized controlled trial assessed the response to a high-dose vitamin B-12 supplementation of women in rural Querétaro, Mexico. Participants aged 20–59 y were stratified at baseline to deficient, marginal, and adequate status groups (serum vitamin B-12, 75–148, 149–220, and >220 pmol/L, respectively), and each group was randomized to vitamin B-12 treatment (single dose of 1 mg i.m. then 500 mg/d orally for 3 mo, n = 70) or placebo (n = 62). Measures at baseline and 3 mo included: complete blood count, serum vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), folate, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), bone alkaline phosphatase, andmethylmalonic acid (MMA) and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). At baseline, 11% of the women were vitamin B-12 deficient and 22% had marginal status. HoloTC was low (<35 pmol/L) in 23% and correlated with serum vitamin B-12 (r = 0.7; P < 0.001). Elevated MMA (>271 nmol/L) and tHcy (>12 mmol/L) occurred in 21 and 31%, respectively, and correlated with serum vitamin B-12 (r =20.28, P < 0.0007 and r =20.20, P < 0.01, respectively). Supplementation increased serum vitamin B-12 and holoTC and lowered MMA and tHcy, normalizing all values except for elevated tHcy in 21% of the women. Supplementation did not affect hematology or bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. Vitamin B-12 supplementation normalized biochemical indicators of vitamin B-12 status in the treatment group but did not affect the functional outcomes measured. J. Nutr. 142: 1881–1887, 2012.
Tracking the Great Whales : An Arc Marine Case Study

Arc Marine presents a new framework for collaboration in oceanic and coastal biogeographic analysis. With a common data structure, researchers can share results without conversion, automatically integrate environmental datasets, and develop common tools. This case study explores how Arc Marine supports the scientific process for the Oregon State University Marine Mammal Program (OSU-MMP). The OSU-MMP has used satellite telemetry to track nine cetacean species across two ocean basins. Customization of the model creates a geodatabase fit for data exploration, hypothesis testing, and research permitting compliance. The standardized framework allows for automated import of ARGOS downloads and easy conversion of standard environment rasters such as HDF MODIS or netCDF. Custom applications and tools conform to the core classes of Arc Marine. Thus, other projects using common tag types can utilize the same data loading tools and analysis tools without an extensive geodatabase redesign and reprogramming process.
antidepressants before or after a diagnosis of dementia influences survival. Design: Retrospective. Setting: A cohort with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from a large mental health and dementia care database in South London, linked to hospitalization and mortality data

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Title Resting-state fMRI using passband balanced steady-state freeprecession

Objective: Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) has been increasingly used for understanding brain functional architecture. To date, most rsfMRI studies have exploited blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast using gradient-echo (GE) echo planar imaging (EPI), which can suffer from image distortion and signal dropout due to magnetic susceptibility and inherent long echo time. In this study, the feasibility of passband balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging for distortion-free and high-resolution rsfMRI was investigated. Methods: rsfMRI was performed in humans at 3 T and in rats at 7 T using bSSFP with short repetition time (TR = 4/2.5 ms respectively) in comparison with conventional GE-EPI. Resting-state networks (RSNs) were detected using independent component analysis. Results and Significance: RSNs derived from bSSFP images were shown to be spatially and spectrally comparable to those derived from GE-EPI images with considerable intraand inter-subject reproducibility. High-resolution bSSFP images corresponded well to the anatomical images, with RSNs exquisitely co-localized to the gray matter. Furthermore, RSNs at areas of severe susceptibility such as human anterior prefrontal cortex and rat piriform cortex were proved accessible. These findings demonstrated for the first time that passband bSSFP approach can be a promising alternative to GE-EPI for rsfMRI. It offers distortion-free and high-resolution RSNs and is potentially suited for high field studies. Citation: Cheng JS, Gao PP, Zhou IY, Chan RW, Chan Q, et al. (2014) Resting-State fMRI Using Passband Balanced Steady-State Free Precession. PLoS ONE 9(3): e91075. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0091075 Editor: Yu-Feng Zang, Hangzhou Normal University, China Received August 22, 2013; Accepted February 9, 2014; Published March 12, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Cheng et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported in part by Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKU7837/11M). The authors have declared that no additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: Queenie Chan has declared affiliation to a commercial company (Philips Healthcare). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: *ewu@eee.hku. hk
GROWTH: A SKEPTIC’S GUIDE TO THE CROSS-NATIONAL EVIDENCE

Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic’s Guide lo the Cross-National Evidence* Do countries wilh lower policy-induced barriers to international trade grow laster once other relevant country characteristics are controlled for? There exists a large empirical literature providing an allirmative answer to this question We argue that methodological problems with the empirical strategies employed in this literature leave the results open to diverse interpretalions. In many cases, the indicators of ‘openness’ used by researchers are poor measures 01 trade barriers or are highly correlated with other sources of bad economic performance. In other cases, the methods used lo ascertain the link between trade policy and growth have serious shortcomings Papers that we review include Dollar (1992). Ben-David (1993). Sachs and Warner (1995). and Edwards (1995). We find little evidence that open trade policies in the sense of lower lariff and non-tarift barriers to trade are significantly associaled with economic growth. JEL Classification: F13.057
Young people's experiences of relationships with staff and peers in adolescent inpatient units.

This thesis comprises three parts. Part one is an overview and critique of the literature examining whether adolescent inpatient units are beneficial for young people. Part two presents the qualitative empirical paper, which explores young people's experiences of relationships with staff and peers on adolescent units. Finally, part three of the thesis will be presented and consists of a critical appraisal and reflection of the research process. This will involve discussing the challenges and dilemmas which arose when designing, conducting and writing up the research.
Energy-e ffi cient High-level Synthesis for HDR Architectures

As battery runtime and overheating problems for portable devices become unignorable, energy-aware LSI design is strongly required. Moreover, an interconnection delay should be explicitly considered there because it exceeds a gate delay as the semiconductor devices are downsized. We must take account of energy efficiency and interconnection delays even in high-level synthesis. In this paper, we first propose a huddle-based distributed-register architecture (HDR architecture), an island-based distributed-register architecture for multi-cycle interconnect communications where we can develop several energy-saving techniques. Next, we propose an energy-efficient high-level synthesis algorithm for HDR architectures focusing on multiple supply voltages. Our algorithm is based on iterative improvement of scheduling/binding and floorplanning. In the iteration process, a huddle, which is composed of functional units, registers, controller, and level converters, are very naturally generated using floorplanning results. By assigning high supply voltage to critical huddles and low supply voltage to non-critical huddles, we can finally have energy-efficient floorplan-aware high-level synthesis. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves 45% energy-saving compared with the conventional distributed-register architectures and conventional algorithms.
ACIQ: ANALYTICAL CLIPPING

Unlike traditional approaches that focus on the quantization at the network level, in this work we propose to minimize the quantization effect at the tensor level. We analyze the trade-off between quantization noise and clipping distortion in low precision networks. We identify the statistics of various tensors, and derive approximate analytical expressions for the mean-square-error degradation due to clipping. By optimizing these expressions, we show marked improvements over standard quantization schemes that normally avoid clipping. For example, just by choosing the accurate clipping values, more than 40% accuracy improvement is obtained for the quantization of VGG16-BN to 4-bits of precision. Our results have many applications for the quantization of neural networks at both training and inference time. One immediate application is for a rapid deployment of neural networks to low-precision accelerators without time-consuming fine tuning or the availability of the full datasets.