Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement report: Long-term measurements of aerosol precursor concentrations in the Finnish subarctic boreal forest

Abstract. Aerosol particles form in the atmosphere via the clustering of certain atmospheric vapors. After growing into larger particles by the condensation of low-volatility gases, they can affect the Earth's climate by scattering light and acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Observations of low-volatility aerosol precursor gases have been reported around the world, but longer-term measurement series and any Arctic data sets showing seasonal variation are close to nonexistent. Here, we present ∼7 months of aerosol precursor gas measurements performed with a nitrate-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. We deployed our measurements ∼150 km north of the Arctic Circle at the SMEAR I (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) continental Finnish subarctic field station, located in the Värriö strict nature reserve. We report concentration measurements of the most common compounds related to new particle formation (NPF): sulfuric acid (SA), methane sulfonic acid (MSA), iodic acid (IA) and the total concentration of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). At this remote measurement site, SA originates from both anthropogenic and biological sources and has a clear diurnal cycle but no significant seasonal variation. MSA shows a more distinct seasonal cycle, with concentrations peaking in the summer. Of the measured compounds, IA concentrations are the most stable throughout the measurement period, except in April during which time the concentration of IA is significantly higher than during the rest of the year. Otherwise, IA has almost identical daily maximum concentrations in spring, summer and autumn, and on NPF event or non-event days. HOMs are abundant during the summer months and low in the autumn months. Due to their low autumn concentrations and high correlation with ambient air temperature, we suggest that most HOMs are products of biogenic emissions, most probably monoterpene oxidation products. NPF events at SMEAR I happen under relatively low-temperature (1–8 ∘C) conditions, with a fast temperature rise in the early morning hours as well as lower and decreasing relative humidity (RH, 55 % vs. 80 %) during NPF days compared with non-event days. NPF days have clearly higher global irradiance values (∼450 m−2 vs. ∼200 m−2) and about 10 ppbv higher ozone concentrations than non-event days. During NPF days, we have, on average, higher SA concentrations, peaking at noon; higher MSA concentrations in the afternoon; and slightly higher IA concentration than during non-event days. In summary, these are the first long-term measurements of aerosol-forming vapors from SMEAR I in the subarctic region, and the results of this work will help develop an understanding of atmospheric chemical processes and aerosol formation in the rapidly changing Arctic.
Does producer services agglomeration affect environmental quality? New findings from a spatial spillover effect analysis

This study investigates the impact of producer service agglomeration on environmental quality (EQ) using the spatial Durbin model to analyze China’s provincial data from 2003 to 2017. The results reveal China’s EQ’s spatial positive correlation and local agglomeration characteristics. The specialized agglomeration (SA) of producer services can inhibit the EQ of local and neighboring regions; the diversified agglomeration (DA) of producer services does the opposite. Regional heterogeneity was found in eastern China, where SA inhibits the EQ of local and neighboring regions, and DA improves the EQ of local environment. In central China, SA can improve the EQ, but DA is not conducive to environmental improvement. In the western region, SA and DA have no significant impact on the EQ of the region nor on its neighboring regions. To achieve sustainable development, a series of policy recommendations has been proposed.
Veratridine Can Bind to a Site at the Mouth of the Channel Pore at Human Cardiac Sodium Channel NaV1.5

The cardiac sodium ion channel (NaV1.5) is a protein with four domains (DI-DIV), each with six transmembrane segments. Its opening and subsequent inactivation results in the brief rapid influx of Na+ ions resulting in the depolarization of cardiomyocytes. The neurotoxin veratridine (VTD) inhibits NaV1.5 inactivation resulting in longer channel opening times, and potentially fatal action potential prolongation. VTD is predicted to bind at the channel pore, but alternative binding sites have not been ruled out. To determine the binding site of VTD on NaV1.5, we perform docking calculations and high-throughput electrophysiology experiments in the present study. The docking calculations identified two distinct binding regions. The first site was in the pore, close to the binding site of NaV1.4 and NaV1.5 blocking drugs in experimental structures. The second site was at the “mouth” of the pore at the cytosolic side, partly solvent-exposed. Mutations at this site (L409, E417, and I1466) had large effects on VTD binding, while residues deeper in the pore had no effect, consistent with VTD binding at the mouth site. Overall, our results suggest a VTD binding site close to the cytoplasmic mouth of the channel pore. Binding at this alternative site might indicate an allosteric inactivation mechanism for VTD at NaV1.5.
KÜLTÜREL MİRASIN BELGELENMESİNDE DİJİTAL YAKLAŞIMLAR

Efforts made for obtaining the most straight and healthy data in cultural heritage documentation has caused to emerge new techniques in documentation field. With rapid developing technology, modern documentation techniques take the place of conventional documentation techniques and this has provided the improvement of contemporary documentation techniques rapidly. Today's technology gives possibility to documentation and transmitting of cultural heritage to new generations more sensitive and more rapidly. In the content of this study, Konya Karatay and Sircali Medresah Photogrammetric projects were given and comparisons were made between methods. At the result of the study, importance of methods used in cultural heritage documentation was emphasized and their effect to documentation process was discussed.
A PVT-Insensitive Optimal Phase Noise Point Tracking Bias Calibration in Class-C VCO

This paper presents a Class-C voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with bias voltage calibration that automatically finds the low-phase noise point and achieves robust start-up regardless of PVT variation. This VCO structure also has the bias circuit that compensates for temperature changes even when calibration is not applied. Through these techniques, the problems of robust start-up and vulnerability to PVT variation, which are chronic problems of Class-C VCO, are overcome. The proposed VCO was designed in a 28 nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that this VCO has an operating range from 3.717 to 4.675 GHz, resulting in a frequency tuning range (FTR) of 22.8%. In addition, power consumption was 2.135 mW, phase noise at 1 MHz was −124.1 dBc/Hz, and the figure of merit (FoM) was −192.2 dBc/Hz. The chip area was very small at 0.196 mm2.
Teaching Reform and Practice Using the Concept of Outcome-Based Education: A Case Study on Curriculum Design for a Microcontroller Unit Course

Foundation and Application of Microcontroller (FAoM), a theoretically and practically important specialized course for automation majors, is interdisciplinary and has a wide range of instructional content. Conventional teaching methods center on the needs of teachers but do not prioritize fostering practical skills and innovation capacity. This split focus tends to neglect the achievement of learning outcomes and causes deficiency in practice ability. Therefore, instructional reform oriented toward outcome-based education (OBE) was proposed in this study to promote endogenous motivation to learn and enhance effectiveness and flexibility in practical teaching by subdividing instructional objectives, rearranging instructional contents, conducting modularized teaching, and formulating typical tasks. To evaluate the performance of the instructional reform based on OBE, students were engaged to develop a temperature measurement system with knowledge they learned by using software Keil, Proteus, and Altium. Statistics show that the proposed methodology exceeds the traditional method of teaching in all six evaluation indexes, achieving the student-centered curriculum objective. The implementation of the reform on FAoM is of considerable importance for students. They benefit from immersive teaching, broadening their minds and cultivating their capacity to address practical engineering problems.
RLMR: Reinforcement Learning Based Multipath Routing for SDN

In recent years, as a new subject in the computer field, artificial intelligence has developed rapidly, especially in reinforcement learning (RL) and deep reinforcement learning. Combined with the characteristics of Software Defined Network (SDN) for centralized control and scheduling, resource scheduling based on artificial intelligence becomes possible. However, the current SDN routing algorithm has the problem of low link utilization and is unable to update and adjust according to the real-time network status. This paper aims to address these problems by proposing a reinforcement learning-based multipath routing for SDN (RLMR) scheme. RLMR uses Markov Decision Process (MDP) and Q-Learning for training. Based on the real-time information of network state and flow characteristics, RLMR performs routing for different flows. When there is no link that meets the bandwidth requirements, the remaining flows are redistributed according to the Quality of Service (QoS) priority to complete the multipath routing. In addition, this paper defines the forward efficiency (FE) to measure the link bandwidth utilization (LBU) under multipath routing. Simulation results show that compared with the current mainstream shortest path algorithm and ECMP algorithm, the routing algorithm in RLMR has advantages in FE, jitter, and packet loss rate. It can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of routing.
Law of time-dependent deformation and chaos characteristics of goaf surface based on empirical mode decomposition and phase space reconstruction technique

surface dynamic deformation of goaf surface is effected by a series of geological and mining conditions;in order to study the details of the process of dynamic deformation,based on information extraction technologies of the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and phase space reconstruction technologies,and using the data of surface deformation monitored,the laws of surface deformation of dynamic time-varying are put forward.First,the EMD technology was applied to extract the law of the time-dependent deformations of goaf surface;then the phase planes of goaf surface are constructed by using phase space reconstruction technique for studying the evolution of surface deformation.The practice shows that the variation of time-dependent deformation of goaf deformation can be clearly found out by using the above method.
THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OVERVOLTAGES ON - LINE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR 10 KV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND THE WAVEFORM ANALYSES

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES AN OVERVOLTAGE ON LINE MONITORING SYSTEM, WHICH CAN CAPTURE ALL KINDS OF OVERVOLTAGES, INCLUDING INTERNAL OVERVOLTAGE AND EXTERNAL OVERVOLTAGE. IT IS DEVELOPED SUCCESSFULLY BASED ON THE SUCCESS OF PRECISE HIGH VOLTAGE DIVIDER AND HIGH SPEED DATA ACQUISITION CARD. NOT ONLY CAN THE MONITORING SYSTEM JUDGE THE EMERGENCE OF OVERVOLTAGE ON TIME, BUT ALSO CAPTURE THE WHOLE PROCESS OF OVERVOLTAGE AND ZOOM IN OR OUT THE CAPTURED WAVEFORMS. THE PAPER ANALYZES OVERVOLTAGE TYPE AND ITS FORMING CAUSES, ACCORDING TO RUNNING RECORDS. THE MONITORING RESULTS CAN BE UTILIZED FOR ACCIDENT ANALYSIS, ELECTRICAL GRID LAYOUT AND SECURITY GUARANTEE IN POWER SYSTEM.
Nurturing Secondary School Student Computational Thinking Through Educational Robotics

Digital literacy is becoming a key factor in today’s digital revolution age. Computational Thinking (CT) is a new digital literacy that is gradually being introduced in the school curriculum due to its applicability in the daily problem-solving process. Educational Robotics (ER) has been increasingly used as a pedagogical tool to attract students to learn computer programming, and when integrated with CT, they can be used to develop high-order thinking skills. However, intertwining between CT and ER remains a challenge for teachers. This paper describes a method to expose secondary school children to CT concepts and skills through ER learning activities. The method integrates the four CT core concepts, which are problem analysis and algorithm; abstraction; pattern recognition; and decomposition, in a two days’ ER workshop implementation. The result of the study shows that the method of integrating CT with ER has the potential to nurture students’ CT and programming skills. This study shows a statistically significant increase in the students' understanding of the two CT concepts which are pattern recognition and decomposition concepts.
IMPROVING BANKING IMAGE THROUGH SERVICE QUALITY AT BNI KC SIMPANG RIMBO JAMBI CITY

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of service quality on banking image at BNI KC Simpang Rimbo Jambi City. The population in this study were customers of BNI KC Simpang Rimbo Jambi City, totaling 9,359 customers until 2020. The size or number of samples in this study was determined based on the theory developed by Slovin with a margin of error of 10% so that a sample size of 100 customers was obtained. The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and uses simple linear regression equation data analysis assisted by SPSS 21.0 software for windows. However, before the analysis is carried out, the data quality test is first carried out through validity and reliability tests and classical assumption tests. Then test the hypothesis through t test (partial). From the results of the analysis concluded that the quality of service has a positive and significant effect on the image of the bank.
The Use of MPEG-4 AVC in the Contribution Market

This paper describes performance evaluation of MPEG-4 AVC and JPEG 2000 compression technologies for high-definition video signals at a wide range of high bit rates. Brief technical overviews of both standards are first presented, and then simulations are performed on an extensive set of HD video sequences are discussed. Two MPEG-4 AVC modes: an all-intra coding mode and a low-delay inter-predictive coding mode are used. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that at high bit rates, the performance of both modes of MPEG-4 AVC is quite similar to that of JPEG 2000. However, at medium and low ranges of bit rates, MPEG-4 AVC generally outperforms JPEG 2000 with a greater visual difference when the inter-predictive mode is employed.
Autonomous Collision Avoidance for Ships using APF Method

Autonomous collision avoidance research for ships has been one of important research topics in the field of transportation. Artificial potential field (APF) method is widely used for path planning of mobile robots, due to its elegant mathematical analysis and simplicity. This method is especially suitable for 2-D low-speed systems. This paper proposes an improved APF method to realize the autonomous collision avoidance for ships. A novel APF model for ship collision avoidance is defined, and the velocity and maneuvering behavior of ship are introduced to the corresponding virtual force functions. The problem of local minima is addressed and solutions are presented.
An anatomically correct 3D‐printed mouse phantom for magnetic particle imaging studies

Abstract We report anatomically correct 3D‐printed mouse phantoms that can be used to plan experiments and evaluate analysis protocols for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) studies. The 3D‐printed phantoms were based on the Digimouse 3D whole body mouse atlas and incorporate cavities representative of a liver, brain tumor, and orthotopic breast cancer tumor placed in anatomically correct locations, allowing evaluation of the effect of precise doses of MPI tracer. To illustrate their use, a constant tracer iron mass was present in the liver for the breast (200 μgFe) and brain tumor (10 μgFe) model, respectively, while a series of decreasing tracer iron mass was placed in the tumor region. MPI scans were acquired in 2D and 3D high sensitivity and high sensitivity/high resolution (HSHR) modes using a MOMENTUM imager. A thresholding algorithm was used to define regions of interest (ROIs) in the scans and the tracer mass in the liver and tumors was calculated by comparison of the signal in their respective ROI against that of known mass fiducials that were included in each scan. The results demonstrate that this approach to image analysis provides accurate estimates of tracer mass. Additionally, the results show how the limit of detection in MPI is sensitive to the details of tracer distribution in the subject, as we found that a greater tracer mass in the liver cavity resulted in poorer sensitivity in tumor regions. These experiments illustrate the utility of the reported 3D‐printed anatomically correct mouse phantoms in evaluating methods to analyze MPI scans and plan in vivo experiments.
PCA-based ANN for arc welding quality control

The Principal Component Analysis(PCA)is one of the multivariate statistical methods.It has the special advantage in dealing with the relationship among a large number of parameters,excluding the minor factors and extracting the major ones.As an effective model method,the Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)had been applied in production extensively.The problem was that excessive input varies and complex structure often made the convergence accuracy descend and the modelling effect worse.Through improving the input factors,eliminating the correlation among the inputs and simplifying the structure,the PCA-based ANN could accelerate the learning process and increase the convergence accuracy.In this paper,the pool width control of MAG weld with high current was taken as an example.Through the PCA of6welding parameters(wire feed rate,wire extension,welding speed,gas flow,welding voltage and welding current),4main factors were extracted to form the new training samples.The output results of ANN are satisfied.
Resource recovery from industrial wastewater: what and how much is there?

(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits copying and redistribution for noncommercial purposes with no derivatives, provided the original work is properly cited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). This does not affect the rights licensed or assigned from any third party in this book. The chapter is from the book Resource Recovery from Water: Principles and Application, Ilje Pikaar, Jeremy Guest, Ramon Ganigué, Paul Jensen, Korneel Rabaey, Thomas Seviour, John Trimmer, Olaf van der Kolk, Céline Vaneeckhaute, Willy Verstraete (Eds.) doi: 10.2166/9781780409566
Generalized Permutation Coded OFDM-MFSK in Hybrid Powerline and Visible Light Communication

Channel impairments in powerline communication (PLC) and visible light communication (VLC) technologies are one of the causes of performance degradation in hybrid PLC and VLC (HPV) systems. In this study, we focus on one of the inherent noise types in PLC channels; impulse noise (IN), which is characterised by short bursts of rapidly modified amplitudes caused by random switching of electrical devices in a power network. Recently, a permutation coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ary frequency shift keying (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK) scheme, in short, PC OFDM-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK, was proposed for IN mitigation in PLC systems. It is conceived that the robustness of this scheme against IN in standalone PLC systems will enhance the error performance of the HPV system. Furthermore, since one of the disadvantages of the PC OFDM-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK scheme compared to that using only the classical OFDM scheme, is degraded data rate, we propose a generalised PC OFDM-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK scheme to improve the degraded data rate. This study shows that the use of OFDM-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK improves the performance of an HPV system compared to that using only the classical OFDM modulation scheme by a signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio gain of 6 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 10<sup>−4</sup>. Furthermore, an SNR gain of approximately 3 dB and reduction in the decoding complexity of the PC OFDM-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK HPV system is achieved using a soft-decision Hungarian-Murty (HM) decoder. Moreover, the generalisation of the PC OFDM-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>FSK HPV system does not increase the decoding complexity when the SD HM decoder is used.
New Insights in the Control of Fat Homeostasis: The Role of Neurotensin

Neurotensin (NT) is a small peptide with pleiotropic functions, exerting its primary actions by controlling food intake and energy balance. The first evidence of an involvement of NT in metabolism came from studies on the central nervous system and brain circuits, where NT acts as a neurotransmitter, producing different effects in relation to the specific region involved. Moreover, newer interesting chapters on peripheral NT and metabolism have emerged since the first studies on the NT-mediated regulation of gut lipid absorption and fat homeostasis. Intriguingly, NT enhances fat absorption from the gut lumen in the presence of food with a high fat content, and this action may explain the strong association between high circulating levels of pro-NT, the NT stable precursor, and the increased incidence of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer observed in large population studies. This review aims to provide a synthetic overview of the main regulatory effects of NT on several biological pathways, particularly those involving energy balance, and will focus on new evidence on the role of NT in controlling fat homeostasis, thus influencing the risk of unfavorable cardio–metabolic outcomes and overall mortality in humans.
Planning of Soft-Rigid Hybrid Arms in Contact With Compliant Environment: Application to the Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate

In this study, a rigid robot is hybridized with a soft part to improve its properties of relative positioning and safe interaction. While the design of the device is quite simple, the kinematics, on the other hand, becomes complex. Pre-operative planning of such a robot is a challenge that is faced in this letter. The clinical context is the automation of transrectal prostate biopsy: a robot is connected to a thin ultrasound (US) probe instrumented with a needle through a flexible silicone part. The procedure consists of: moving the probe near the prostate through the rectum, aligning the probe with identified lesions in the prostate, and shooting the needle to collect tissue samples. In this letter we demonstrate in simulation the feasibility of our methods to solve the planning of the entire procedure. The approach we propose is based on numerical models of both robot and soft tissues, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to model the soft parts, and a mapping mechanism to propagate the forces and displacements between the soft and rigid models. Finally, we extend the optimization algorithm proposed in previous work for the relative positioning of the hybrid robot on targets in the prostate, as it interacts with the soft tissues. With this formulation we can also set an upper limit to the force the robot is applying on its surroundings, which is particularly critical for the application we study in this letter.