Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties on Power Systems. Probabilistic approach and conic approximation

The global cost optimization problem in the electrical industry is stated as a chance-constraint problem for taking uncertainties on power systems into account. Using a probability measure on offer-demand equilibrium at each time step leads to a tractable problem by bounding the probability with Hoeffding's theorem. We show that such a bound can be written as a conic quadratic constraint, therefore giving a convex nature to the problem. The obtained problem can then be efficiently solved using an interior point method. Typical results obtained with this approach are reported. They concern a mid-term problem and illustrate the impact of uncertainties on power systems composed of an energy mix made up of nuclear, coal, fuel, gas and hydro production units.
Fast insertion methods of a double‐array structure

A double‐array is a compact and fast data structure for a trie, but it degrades the speed of insertion for a large set of keys. In this paper, two kinds of methods for improving insertion are presented. The basic functions for retrieval, insertion and deletion are implemented in the C language. Comparing with the original double‐array for large sets of keys, the improved double‐array is about six to 320 times faster than that for insertion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of change in an exposure-based treatment for irritable bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify mediators of change in a previously published randomized controlled trial that compared Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral treatment based on exposure exercises (ICBT) with Internet-delivered stress management (ISM) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). ICBT and ISM targeted distinct proposed mechanisms of illness maintenance and symptom exacerbation, gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety (GSA), and stress reactivity, respectively. The original study found that ICBT was more effective than ISM in improving IBS symptoms. METHOD Weekly measurements of GSA and stress reactivity (putative mediators) and treatment outcome were obtained from 195 participants with IBS, who had been randomized to ICBT or ISM. RESULTS Parallel process growth mediational analyses revealed that the larger reduction of IBS symptoms from ICBT compared to ISM was mediated by changes in GSA, αβ = -0.42, 95% CI asymmetric [-0.71, -0.16]. In contrast, changes in stress reactivity did not mediate the difference in outcomes between treatments, αβ = 0.04, 95% CI asymmetric [-0.09, 0.20]. Analyses of the temporal sequence of week-to-week changes in process and outcome measures showed that only GSA displayed a pattern consistent with a causal model in which change in process preceded and contributed to symptom change. Furthermore, engagement in treatment specific activities was related to change in GSA but not to stress reactivity in the ICBT arm, whereas treatment specific activities were not related to change in any of the putative processes in the ISM arm. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ICBT works through directly targeting GSA, rather than by means of reducing stress reactivity.
XML Based Graphical User Interface Editor and Runtime Parser for ISO 11783 Machine Automation Systems

Abstract Graphical user interface design is a very visual process which requires graphical tools. Modern integrated development environments have text editors for writing code and graphical user interface editors for designing the user interface. In ISO 11783 systems this distinction between the program logic and the user interface elements is even more pronounced as the program is executed by the electronic control unit on the agricultural implement while the user interface is being loaded to the virtual terminal in the tractor cabin. The ISO 11783 standard defines a binary format for loading user interfaces to the virtual terminal. However, using XML format for manipulating and storing user interfaces has many advantages. XML files can be validated and parsed by standard tools and libraries. They are human readable which makes debugging relatively easy. XML files can also be extended to contain new information without breaking existing implementations. Most importantly, describing user interfaces as structured documents allows efficient reuse of composite user interface objects such as entire displays.
A micro-method for the enzymatic determination of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in blood and urine.

An enzymatic micro-method for the determination of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in blood and urine is described. 150 μl blood or urine is needed for the analysis of each ketone body. Interference was not found from lactate, malate, pyruvate, or oxaloacetate with either the acetoacetate or 3-hydroxybutyrate determination. The addition of lactate or malate dehydrogenase is therefore unnecessary. The significance of the pH of the reaction mixture is discussed. The analysis is well-suited for routine use.
Preferred solution and calculated conformations of dermorphin and analysis of structure–conformation–activity relationships in the series [A1an]‐dermorphin

We describe the solution (1H‐nmr) and calculated conformations of the opiatelike peptide dermorphin and the analysis of structure–conformation–activity relationships in the series [Alan]‐dermorphin. We used 1H‐nmr spectroscopy to study dermorphin and its analogs [Alan]‐dermorphin (with n = 1, 2…7) dissolved in dimethylsufoxide. Conformational energy calculations using semiempirical partitioned energy function methods were then carried out on dermorphin and its [L‐Ala2]‐analog. Agreement between calculation and experiment is satisfying, both suggesting predominance of a type I β‐turn around Pro6‐Ser7 at the C‐terminus and of an extended structure in the central sequence Phe3‐Gly4‐Tyr5. Detailed analysis by step‐by‐step substitutions with Ala indicates that intraresidue interactions dominate over medium‐range interactions (between adjacent residues), although the latter may also have a noticeable influence in shaping conformations. As a general feature, the effects of substitutions on the arrangement of side chains are always larger on the succeeding residue than on the preceding residue. Almost all the variations of activity observed in the analogs can be explained from conformational changes occurring in the aromatic side chains of the biologically important Tyr1, Phe3, and Tyr5 on substitutions effected on adjacent residues (fluctuations via medium‐range interactions).
Two New α1-Globin Gene Point Mutations: Hb Nedlands (HBA1:c.86C>T) [α28(B9)Ala→Val] and Hb Queens Park (HBA1:c.98T>A) [α32(B13)Met→Lys]

We report two new point mutations of the α1-globin gene found in a Greek and a Burmese patient, both living in Western Australia. The patients were initially selected for their microcytic hypochromic parameters as belonging to a group suspected for uncommon (deletion) defects. Gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technologies were applied, and in those cases not showing deletions, direct sequencing was performed. We have found 1) HBA1:c.86C>T, Hb Nedlands [α28(B9)Ala→Val] which, based on the red cell indices and phenotype prediction scores, is presumed to be clinically silent, and 2) HBA1:c.98T>A, Hb Queens Park [α32(B13)Met→Lys] which seems to be associated with a mild α-thalassemia (α-thal) phenotype. The phenotype/genotype correlation is briefly described.
A knowledge based expert system for the pre-feasibility analysis of an energy storage system in a wind-diesel isolated power grid

A Knowledge Based Expert System has been designed in order to imitate the decision-making process used by human experts. This expert system has been developed to carry out a pre-feasibility analysis of an Energy Storage System in an isolated power system, with both wind and diesel generation. Energy storage can be used to optimize the energy from renewable sources and reduce fuel consumption, offering economic and environmental advantages. The Expert System performs a preliminary technical and economical analysis of the system when it determines that there is excess energy that can be stored. The analysis performed helps the user as initial step towards further analysis and design. Results show how the implementation of an ESS would reduce the fuel consumption when compared to the analysis of the system without energy storage, which could financially validate its initial investment.
QUANTITATIVE TITRATIONS OF MOUSE H‐2 ANTIBODIES USING Cr51‐LABELLED TARGET CELLS

A cytotoxic assay using isotope labelled target cells has been devised. Cr51 was found to be a very suitable isotope allowing swift labelling and a high degree of specificity. With regard to accuracy the test system compared favourably with ordinary cytotoxic assays using uptake of supravital stains or morphological changes as criteria of cell death. The test is considered to be useful in quantitative studies of antigens and antibodies involved in transplantation immunology.
Verruca restricted to the areas of black dye within a tattoo.

Decorative tattoos have been associated with allergic reactions, basal cell carcinoma, and pulmonary sarcoidosis. 1 Infectious side effects include local bacterial infections and transmission of hepatitis, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 2 We describe one patient with dozens of small verruca on his right arm with involvement only in the region of the black dye of his tattoo. Report of a Case. A 33-year-old man was seen for evaluation of 120 pinpoint to 1-mm-diameter skincolored, acuminate papules on his right upper arm, which began 2 years ago. The papules were localized within a 15×12-cm area on his right arm within his lion tattoo. One hundred eighteen of the 120 papules were present within the area of black dye. Two papules were present in immediately adjacent skin within 1 mm of the black areas of the tattoo ( Figure ). The tattoo had been present for 10 years without any previous side
Identification of both coefficients and orders for ARMAX system

Let the observed sequence {y<inf>k</inf>} be generated by the multivariate ARMAX system A(z)y<inf>k</inf> = B(z)u<inf>k−1</inf> +C(z)w<inf>k</inf>, where {w<inf>k</inf>} is the system noise with unknown covariance matrix R<inf>w</inf> ≫ 0, and {u<inf>k</inf>} is a sequence of mutually independent and identically distributed (iid) random vectors. Based on {y<inf>k</inf>} and {u<inf>k</inf>}, identification algorithms are proposed to simultaneously estimate the orders (p,q,r), the covariance matrix R<inf>w</inf>, and the coefficients of A(z), B(z), and C(z). Under reasonable conditions the estimates are proved to converge to the true values with probability one. The advantage of the proposed algorithms is that the estimates can be easily updated for online identification.
Structure of the Novel C-terminal Domain of Vacuolar Protein Sorting 30/Autophagy-related Protein 6 and Its Specific Role in Autophagy*

Background: Vps30/Atg6 is responsible for both autophagy and vacuolar protein sorting. Results: Structure of the Vps30 BARA domain was determined and its function was characterized. Conclusion: BARA domain has a unique fold and is specifically required for autophagy. Significance: This study will be a basis for elucidating the various functions of Vps30 homologs. Vacuolar protein sorting 30 (Vps30)/autophagy-related protein 6 (Atg6) is a common component of two distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes. In complex I, Atg14 links Vps30 to Vps34 lipid kinase and exerts its specific role in autophagy, whereas in complex II, Vps38 links Vps30 to Vps34 and plays a crucial role in vacuolar protein sorting. However, the molecular role of Vps30 in each pathway remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the carboxyl-terminal domain of Vps30. The structure is a novel globular fold comprised of three β-sheet-α-helix repeats. Truncation analyses showed that the domain is dispensable for the construction of both complexes, but is specifically required for autophagy through the targeting of complex I to the pre-autophagosomal structure. Thus, the domain is named the β-α repeated, autophagy-specific (BARA) domain. On the other hand, the N-terminal region of Vps30 was shown to be specifically required for vacuolar protein sorting. These structural and functional investigations of Vps30 domains, which are also conserved in the mammalian ortholog, Beclin 1, will form the basis for studying the molecular functions of this protein family in various biological processes.
Interactive knowledge capture in the new millennium: how the Semantic Web changed everything

Abstract The Semantic Web has radically changed the landscape of knowledge acquisition research. It used to be the case that a single user would edit a local knowledge base, that the user would have domain expertise to add to the system, and that the system would have a centralized knowledge base and reasoner. The world surrounding knowledge-rich systems changed drastically with the advent of the Web, and many of the original assumptions were no longer a given. Those assumptions had to be revisited and addressed in combination with new challenges that were put forward. Knowledge-rich systems today are distributed, have many users with different degrees of expertise, and integrate many shared knowledge sources of varying quality. Recent work in interactive knowledge capture includes new and exciting research on collaborative knowledge sharing, collecting knowledge from Web volunteers, and capturing knowledge provenance.
Pose space parameterization and style transfer of skin deformation

We present a technique to parameterize skin deformation by skeletal motion and to transfer the deformation style from one character to another. We decompose skin deformation into time‐varying signals and basis matrices by using dimension reduction techniques and then approximate the time‐varying signals by using radial basis functions with respect to joint angles that define skeletal motion. This decomposition reduces the size of deformation data to a small number of time‐varying signals that represent the complex role of muscle action. The subsequent parameterization yields a fast and intuitive control of characters; thus, it allows us to construct faithful skin deformations quickly as skeletal bones move. The representation of our parameterization allows us to capture and transfer a derived deformation style to another skeleton–skin structure without considering the input dimension of the deformation data. This style transfer can be used as a basis for realistically animating variants of sample characters that have the same skeletal topology. Parameterization of skin deformation and its style transfer can be performed within a small amount of error once the preprocessing time and control of the deformation is carried out in real time by our graphics processing unit implementation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Recent Increase in North Atlantic Wave Heights

Abstract The nature and causes of the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights are explored by combining a numerical hindcast with a statistical analysis. The numerical hindcast incorporates a 10-yr history (1980–89) of North Atlantic, twice daily wind analyses to generate a monthly averaged significant wave height (SWH) history. The hindcast compares favorably with published monthly averaged SWH observations. The link between model-generated wintertime monthly SWH and monthly averaged sea level pressure (SLP) data is determined by means of a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Within the analysis domain, most of the variance in SWH and SLP is captured by two pairs of joint patterns. The leading pair consists of a SLP dipole resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a SWH dipole in spatial quadrature relation to it. Using the CCA results, an extended statistical hindcast of monthly wave fields is generated from sea level pressure data and used to quantitatively estimate the systematic in.
Delineating the Role of Negative Verbal Thinking in Promoting Worry, Perceived Threat, and Anxiety

Worry is characterized by streams of verbal thoughts about potential negative outcomes. Individuals with high levels of worry (and particularly those with generalized anxiety disorder) find it very difficult to control worry once it has started. What is not clear is the extent to which verbal negative thinking style maintains worry. Our study aimed to disentangle the effects of verbal versus imagery based thinking, and negative versus positive worry-related content on subsequent negative intrusive thoughts. High worriers were trained to engage in imagery or verbal processing, focusing on either negative or positive outcomes of their current main worry. Both thinking style and valence of worry content influenced later negative intrusive thoughts that play a role in initiating worry episodes. In contrast, only valence influenced subjective ratings of worry outcomes (i.e., cost, concern, and ability to cope, although not probability), with positive valence leading to lower ratings, irrespective of thinking style.
A small core set of transcription factors bind strongly to DNA in different cell types

It is well established that transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in determining cell identity, and that a large fraction of all TFs are expressed in most cell types. In order to globally characterize activities of TFs in cells, we have developed a novel massively parallel protein activity assay, Active TF Identification (ATI) that measures DNA-binding activity of all TFs from any species or tissue type. In contrast to previous studies based on mRNA expression or protein abundance, we found that a set of TFs binding to only around ten distinct motifs display strong DNA-binding activity in any given cell or tissue type. Mass spectrometric identification of TFs revealed that within these highly active TFs, there were both housekeeping TFs, which were universally found in all cell types, and specific TFs, which were highly enriched in known factors that determine the fate of the analyzed tissue or cell type. The importance of a small subset of TFs for determining the overall accessible chromatin landscape of a cell suggests that gene regulatory logic may be simpler than what has previously been appreciated.
The role of NGF uptake in selective vulnerability to cell death in ageing sympathetic neurons

We have examined the hypothesis that differences in nerve growth factor (NGF) uptake and transport determine vulnerability to age‐related neurodegeneration. Neurons projecting to cerebral blood vessels (CV) in aged rats are more vulnerable to age‐related degeneration than those projecting to the iris. Uptake of NGF was therefore examined in sympathetic neurons projecting from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) to CV and iris in young and old rats by treating the peripheral processes of these neurons with different doses of I125‐NGF. Total uptake of I125‐NGF was reduced in old CV‐projecting, but not iris‐projecting, neurons. Numbers of radiolabelled neurons projecting to each target were counted in sectioned ganglia. The data showed age‐related reductions in numbers of labelled neurons projecting to CV, but no change in numbers of neurons projecting to the iris. Calculation of uptake of I125‐NGF per neuron unexpectedly showed no major age‐related differences in either of the two neuron populations. However, uptake per neuron was considerably lower for young and old CV‐projecting, compared to iris‐projecting, SCG neurons. We hypothesized that variations in NGF uptake might affect neuronal survival in old age. Counts of SCG neurons using a physical disector following retrograde tracing with Fluorogold confirmed the selective vulnerability of CV‐projecting neurons by showing a significant 37% loss of these neurons in the period between 15 and 24 months. In contrast, there was no significant loss of iris‐projecting neurons. We conclude that vulnerability to, or protection from, age‐related neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death are associated with life‐long low, or high, levels of NGF uptake, respectively.
Investigation of PWMs on vibration and noise in SRM with sinusoidal bipolar excitation

Vibration and acoustic noise are two critical issues for switched reluctance machine (SRM). The abrupt change of phase current mainly contributes to high vibration and noise under conventional unipolar excitation, sinusoidal bipolar excitation considered in this paper can suppress the vibration in SRM. However, to realize the smooth sinusoidal bipolar excitation, different pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategies can be employed. In this paper vibration and acoustic noise of a prototype 6/4 SRM under different load and speed, which employs hysteresis current control (HCC) and space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM), is investigated, together with the conventional unipolar excitation, which is modulated by voltage PWM. It shows that the lowest vibration and acoustic noise are obtained if the SRM excited by the sinusoidal bipolar excitation modulated by the SVPWM, regardless the speed and load. However, the HCC technique exhibits the worst vibration and acoustic noise due to random switching frequencies and mechanical resonances, although less sensitive to the load and speed. In contrast, the acoustic noise with the conventional unipolar excitation is sensitive to both load and rotor speed, when the sinusoidal bipolar excitation modulated by SVPWM is employed it is sensitive to the speed but not to the load.
Salmonella infections in Norway: descriptive epidemiology and a case-control study

The epidemiological progression of human salmonellosis in Norway is parallel to trends noted elsewhere in Europe. During the past two decades, the number of reported cases has increased steadily, with a special sharp rise in the early 1980s due to the emergence of Salmonella enteritidis, followed by a levelling off in recent years. However, in contrast to the situation in most other European countries, about 90% of the cases from whom a travel history is available, have acquired their infection abroad. The incidence of indigenous salmonella infections as well as the prevalence of the microorganism in the domestic food chain, are both comparatively low. In 1993–4, a national case-control study of sporadic indigenous salmonella infections was conducted to identify preventable risk factors and guide preventive efforts. Ninety-four case patients and 226 matched population controls were enrolled. The study failed to demonstrate any statistically significant association between salmonellosis and consumption of domestically produced red meat, poultry or eggs. The only factor which remained independently associated with an increased risk in conditional logistic regression analysis, was consumption of poultry purchased abroad during holiday visits to neighbouring countries. A separate analysis of Salmonella typhimurium infections incriminated food from catering establishments and foreign travel among household members, in addition to imported poultry.