Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Estradici on Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Tyrosinase in Hamster Melanoma Transplanted into Athymic Mice1

Nuclear estrogen binding was characterized in IIM-1, a malignant hamster melanoma cell line transplanted into male and female athymic mice following acute, subchronic, and chronic injection of estradiol. Nuclear binding was saturable, of high affinity ( IO'" M ') and readily soluble in low salt buffer. Saturation analyses revealed that (3H]estradiol in excess of 5.0 IIMapparently bound to a second class of lower affinity Â¡III'1M~'), higher capacity cytosol sites. Enzyme-linked immunoassay with a specific monoclonal antibody (H222 SPY) directed against the human estrogen receptor protein was in excellent agreement (r â€”0.93) with values obtained using hydroxyapatite to separate bound from free ligand. Nuclear estrogen receptor content in 11M-1 cells was increased maxi mally l h after acute s.c. injection of a low dose (0.1 UK}of estradiol. The increase in nuclear receptor content was accompanied by an apparent rapid reduction in cytosol binding. Subchronic (3 days) and chronic exposure (35 days) to estradiol also produced a significant, dose-related increase in tumor nuclear estrogen receptor content. Cytosol binding for progestin was low (<2 fmol) to absent in IIM-1 xenografts not exposed to estradiol. Subchronic and chronic exposure to estradiol induced a dose-related, specific, high affinity (10'' M~') cytosol binding protein for progestin(s) in l IM-1 xenografts carried in male and female athymic mice. In contrast, progestin binding to nuclear receptor was not increased in estrogen-primed animals, nor did acute injection of progesterone (100 ftg s.c.) increase the amount of saturable, high affinity (10* M ') nuclear progestin receptor in control or estradiol-primed athymic mice. In contrast to the induction of progestin binding, tyrosinase activity was not altered by a similar exposure to estradiol when assayed at a saturating concentration of tyrosine. These observations suggest that the estrogen receptor in HM-1 cells may be functional but that pigmentary changes observed in mammals following chronic exposure to estradiol may not be mediated by a direct effect on the rate limiting enzyme of melanin synthesis.
Death in childbirth: an international study of maternal care and maternal mortality 1800–1950

To say that Irvine Loudon's Death in childbirth is a hard read might seem both offensive and paradoxical. Few studies have concentrated on the topic, none of them on international comparisons, and did not his earlier Medical care and the general practitioner 1750-1850 receive rave reviews, thisjournal, for instance, saying that it was crammed with wonderful detail? Yet there is neither insult nor paradox: Loudon's new book is another masterpiece, written in his customary enviably crystal-clear prose-but with an exceptional number of tortuous strands to tease out. Given that themes have to be stated, variations introduced, with detailed developments and codas to follow, complexity and length are inevitable. Loudon recognizes the difficulties. Reading the introduction and the first chapter on the statistics of maternal mortality is mandatory, he suggests; thereafter, like Tristan Tzara in Stoppard's Travesties, readers can construct their own da-da-esque sequence of chapters. And, in any case, as with other artists who have worked on a noble scale (Wagner or Henry James, for example), they will find that time and attention are rewarded by a deeper understanding of profound issues. Loudon's researches into maternal mortality between 1800 and 1950 concern not only Britain but also the USA, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as some northern European countries. The salient facts are not in dispute: though different countries were varyingly tardy in introducing registration, three major causes of maternal mortality were paramount-haemorrhage, toxaemia, and, crucially, puerperal fever. Loudon's analysis, however, sheds new insights. At a time when death rates from other conditions were also horrendous, those in childbirth (however horrifying in the 1990s) might pass unremarked. Again, some commentators have added a false rise in maternal mortality to the other crescendos of the fin-de-siecle; roughly 12 women were dying every day in the 1890s, compared with 8-9 in the 1850s (and one in the 1950s and one a week at present). Relate these figures, however, to the number of women who were actually pregnant and the picture becomes quite different: a plateau in the rate (to be sure, showing variations year by year, possibly, Loudon interestingly suggests, owing to changes in streptococcal virulence). Such a plateau persisted until the mid-I 930s, when it suddenly fell and has continued to do so. Continue the analysis, and deaths from abortion come to assume a major role within the total, but at different times for individual countries (starting in the 1890s …
Characterization techniques for nanotechnology applications in textiles

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are considered to be the key technologies for the current century. Efforts are being made worldwide to create smart and intelligent textiles by incorporating various nanoparticles or creating nanostructured surfaces and nanofibres which lead to unprecedented level of textile performance, such as stain resistant, self-cleaning, antistatic, UV protective, etc. However, there are many challenges in the research and development of nanotechnology based products. The precise control of nanoparticle size, size distribution, dispersion at nanolevel and deposition on textile substrate needs sophisticated characterization techniques, such as particle size analyzer, electron microscopy (SEM/TEM/HRTEM), atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy, etc. This paper discusses the basic principle and applications of these instrumental techniques in the field of nanotechnology research in textiles.
Antibodies against vertebrate microfilament proteins in the analysis of cellular motility and adhesion

Summary Microinjection of specific antibodies can be an alternative and a supplement to genetic engineering in dissecting the function of individual cytoskeletal components. In this report, we describe some of the requirements for using this technique, its potential application in conjunction with morphological and biochemical analyses, and its limitations. Examples are given for the injection of antibodies to α-actinin, vinculin and myosin, and the effects of such treatment on adhesion, motility and cytokinesis of the recipient cells.
Identification of a Negatively Charged Peptide Motif within the Catalytic Domain of Progelatinases That Mediates Binding to Leukocyte β2 Integrins*

The αMβ2 integrin of leukocytes can bind a variety of ligands. We screened phage display libraries to isolate peptides that bind to the αM I domain, the principal ligand binding site of the integrin. Only one peptide motif, (D/E)(D/E)(G/L)W, was obtained with this approach despite the known ligand binding promiscuity of the I domain. Interestingly, such negatively charged sequences are present in many known β2 integrin ligands and also in the catalytic domain of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We show that purified β2 integrins bind to pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 gelatinases and that that the negatively charged sequence of the MMP catalytic domain is an active β2 integrin-binding site. Furthermore, a synthetic DDGW-containing phage display peptide inhibited the ability of β2 integrin to bind progelatinases but did not inhibit the binding of cell adhesion-mediating substrates such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, fibrinogen, or an LLG-containing peptide. Immunoprecipitation and cell surface labeling demonstrated complexes of pro-MMP-9 with both the αMβ2 and αLβ2 integrins in leukocytes, and pro-MMP-9 colocalized with αMβ2 in cell surface protrusions. The DDGW peptide and the gelatinase-specific inhibitor peptide CTTHWGFTLC blocked β2 integrin-dependent leukocyte migration in a transwell assay. These results suggest that leukocytes may move in a progelatinase-β2 integrin complex-dependent manner.
Optimization of Hybrid Cache Placement for Collaborative Relaying

Traditional wireless multi-hop relaying systems suffer from inefficient use of bandwidth resources. This letter studies the use of content caching at distributed relays to tackle this problem and improve the performance of collaborative relaying. We propose a hybrid caching scheme that is jointly optimized with the transmission schemes to achieve a fine balance between the signal cooperation gain and the caching diversity gain. The optimization problem of cache placement to minimize the outage probability is studied and is shown to be convex. Numerical results demonstrate significant outage performance gains over traditional relaying without caching.
Composite Differential Search Algorithm

Differential search algorithm (DS) is a relatively new evolutionary algorithm inspired by the Brownian-like random-walk movement which is used by an organism to migrate. It has been verified to be more effective than ABC, JDE, JADE, SADE, EPSDE, GSA, PSO2011, and CMA-ES. In this paper, we propose four improved solution search algorithms, namely “DS/rand/1,” “DS/rand/2,” “DS/current to rand/1,” and “DS/current to rand/2” to search the new space and enhance the convergence rate for the global optimization problem. In order to verify the performance of different solution search methods, 23 benchmark functions are employed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs better than, or at least comparable to, the original algorithm when considering the quality of the solution obtained. However, these schemes cannot still achieve the best solution for all functions. In order to further enhance the convergence rate and the diversity of the algorithm, a composite differential search algorithm (CDS) is proposed in this paper. This new algorithm combines three new proposed search schemes including “DS/rand/1,” “DS/rand/2,” and “DS/current to rand/1” with three control parameters using a random method to generate the offspring. Experiment results show that CDS has a faster convergence rate and better search ability based on the 23 benchmark functions.
Improvements in the method of determining individual phospholipids in a complex mixture by successive chemical hydrolyses.

A method whereby the complete phospholipid distribution in a lipid sample could be determined by successive chemical hydrolyses of the lipid, followed by an examination of the water-soluble fragments removed, was described by Dawson (1960). Thus the diacylated phosphoglycerides are hydrolysed with alkali, the plasmalogens with acid and the remaining phospholipids with methanolic hydrochloric acid. During regular use in this Laboratory the method has undergone a number of improvements. In the mAain these fall into two groups: (1) a more quantitative recovery of the plasmalogens by preventing the reaction by which (2) coverage the more-recently-discovered minor phospholipid com-ponents, Treatment with mnethanolic hydrochloric acid and separation of product8. The combined solvent layers from thehydrolysis with ml.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and faster progression of cognitive impairments as predictors of risk of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia

Introduction The aim of this research, based on 7 years of observations, was to assess the relationship between the dynamics of changes in the realm of cognitive functions in the early stages of observations and the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as further progression of cognitive function impairments in people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Material and methods One hundred and ninety three individuals were included in the study, all of whom referred themselves to the Mental Health Clinic and were diagnosed with MCI based on the criteria of the Working Group on MCI. It was assumed that these individuals would be subjected to systematic psychiatric and neuropsychological observation until they were diagnosed with dementia. This report concerns a completed 7-year period of these observations. Participants were assessed based on the following scales: MMSE, NPI and GDS. Results The obtained results indicate statistically significant differences between groups of subjects at the time of inclusion in the study, regarding the frequency of occurrence and severity of the following categories of impairments: thought impairments (p < 0.001), arousal/aggression (p < 0.001), depression/dysphoria (p < 0.001), disinhibition (p < 0.03), irritability/lability (p < 0.001), abnormal motor behaviors (p < 0.02), as well as sleep and night-time behavior disorders (p < 0.01) Moreover, individuals who developed dementia during observation exhibited greater progression in cognitive function impairment assessed with the MMSE scale in the first year of observation (p < 0.01). Conclusions The accruing of cognitive function impairments and the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms seem to be important risk factors for the development of dementia.
Hop-by-hop congestion control over a wireless multi-hop network

This paper focuses on congestion control over multi-hop, wireless networks. In a wireless network, an important constraint that arises is that due to the MAC (media access control) layer. Many wireless MACs use a time-division strategy for channel access, where, at any point in space, the physical channel can be accessed by a single user at each instant of time. We develop a fair hop-by-hop congestion control algorithm with the MAC constraint being imposed in the form of a channel access time constraint, using an optimization based framework. In the absence of delay, we show that this algorithm is globally stable using a Lyapunov function based approach. Next, in the presence of delay, we show that the hop-by-hop control algorithm has the property of spatial spreading. In other words, focused loads at a particular spatial location in the network get "smoothed" over space. We derive bounds on the "peak load" at a node, both with hop-by-hop control, as well as with end-to-end control, show that significant gains are achieved with the hop-by-hop scheme, and validate the analytical results with simulation.
Logistic Regression Diagnostics: Understanding How Well a Model Predicts Outcomes

In the March 8, 2016, issue of JAMA, Zemek et al1 used logistic regression to develop a clinical risk score for identifying which pediatric patients with concussion will experience prolonged postconcussion symptoms (PPCS). The authors prospectively recorded the initial values of 46 potential predictor variables, or risk factors—selected based on expert opinion and previous research—in a cohort of patients and then followed those patients to determine who developed the primary outcome of PPCS. In the first part of the study, the authors created a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of PPCS using a subset of the variables; in the second part of the study, a separate set of data was used to assess the validity of the model, with the degree of success quantified using regression model diagnostics. The rationale for using logistic regression to develop predictive models was summarized in an earlier JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods article.2 In this article, we discuss how well a model performs once it is defined.
Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses Blood Lipid Concentrations and Colorectal Adenomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Colonoscopy Studies in Asia, 2000 – 2014

It is unclear whether dyslipidemia is associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia. The incidence of both conditions is increasing in Asia, motivating a number of new studies from this region. We performed a systematic literature search of Asian colonoscopy-based studies that collected blood lipid concentrations at the time of endoscopy. Persons foundtohave colorectal adenomawereconsideredcases,andthose found tobeadenoma-freewere considered controls. Seventeen studies published between 2000 and 2014 met inclusion criteria, collectively enrolling 17,387 cases and 30,427 controls. Mean differences and adjusted odds ratios were summarized with random-effects meta-analyses. Compared with controls, cases had higher total cholesterol (mean difference (MD) = 2.4 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 4.6), higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 1.3 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.1, 2.6), higher triglyceride (MD = 16.4 mg/dL, 95% CI: 11.2, 21.5), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (MD = − 2.1 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 2.7, − 1.6) concentrations. Based on adjusted odds ratios, associations for 40-mg/dL-higher triglyceride levels (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) and 10-mg/dL-higher HDL cholesterol levels (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) achieved statistical significance. Persons with adenoma were more likely to have unfavorable cholesterol profiles at the time of colonoscopy than those without adenoma. The most convincing evidence for an association between dyslipidemia and colorectal neoplasia was observed for hypertriglyceridemia.
Delineation of the dimensions and permeability characteristics of the two major diffusion barriers to passive mucosal uptake in the rabbit intestine.

THE RATE OF PASSIVE ABSORPTION INTO THE INTESTINAL MUCOSAL CELL IS DETERMINED BY AT LEAST TWO MAJOR DIFFUSION BARRIERS: an unstirred water layer and the cell membrane. This study defines the morphology and permeability characteristics of these two limiting structures. The unstirred water layer was resolved into two compartments: one behaves like a layer of water overlying the upper villi while the other probably consists of solution between villi. The superficial layer is physiologically most important during uptake of highly permeant compounds and varies in thickness from 115 to 334 mum as the rate of mixing of the bulk mucosal solution is varied. From data derived from a probe molecule whose uptake was limited by the unstirred layer, the effective surface area of this diffusion barrier also was determined to vary with stirring rate and equaled only 2.4 cm(2). 100 mg(-1) in the unstirred condition but increased to 11.3 cm(2). 100 mg(-1) with vigorous mixing. This latter value, however, was still only 1/170 of the anatomical area of the microvillus membrane. With these values, uptake rates for a number of passively absorbed probe molecules were corrected for unstirred layer resistance, and these data were used to calculate the incremental free energy changes associated with uptake of the -CH(2)- (-258 cal.mol(-1)), -OH (+564), and taurine (+1,463) groups. These studies, then, have defined the thickness and area of the unstirred layer in the intestine and have shown that this barrier is rate-limiting for the mucosal uptake of compounds such as fatty acids and cholesterol; in addition, the lipid membrane of the microvillus surface has been shown to be a relatively polar structure.
Removal of ammonia in a modified two-phase food waste anaerobic digestion system coupled with an aerated submerged biofilter

Anaerobic digestion of food waste can reduce its volume, generate fuel biogas containing methane, and produce solid organic residue that can be used as a soil conditioner or fertiliser. Anaerobic digestion is more promising food waste disposal method than incineration and landfilling. The hybrid anaerobic solid-liquid (HASL) system, enhanced with a submerged biofilter for ammonia removal, was proposed for food waste digestion. Application of the submerged biofilter in the HASL system operated in batch mode increased concentrations of dissolved COD and volatile fatty acids in an acidogenic reactor, and total COD removal and methane production in a methanogenic reactor. The gas production in the enhanced HASL system was 86 l while in the conventional HASL system it was 54 l after 14 days of batch process. Methane production in the enhanced HASL system was increased by 26% in comparison with the conventional HASL system.
Investigation of Sensor Performance in Accumulation- and Inversion-Mode Silicon Nanowire pH Sensors

We investigate the performance of accumulation (ACC)-mode and inversion (INV)-mode silicon nanowire (SiNW) pH sensors that are electrically controlled by a liquid gate. The two sensing parameters of the changes of threshold voltage and current are explored in both types of SiNW pH sensors at different pH levels. As device dimensions and channel doping concentration increase, the performance of the ACC-mode biosensor degrades more rapidly than the performance of the INV-mode biosensor. Therefore, INV-mode SiNW pH sensors with a liquid gate could be robust to process variation and provide improved current sensitivity.
Genetic and environmental parameters for mature weight and other growth measures in Polled Hereford cattle.

Variances and covariances were estimated for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WW), yearling gain (YG), yearling weight (YW), yearling height (YH), relative growth from birth to weaning (RGW) and weaning to yearling (RGY), and mature weight (MW). Field records on 572,446 Polled Hereford cattle were analyzed. Because multiple dam weights were collected on a cow the MW used in the analysis was calculated using a nonlinear regression correction factor computed by fitting a quadratic with a plateau to the data. If the cow had an observation(s) beyond the inflection point (IP), the closest weight to that point was used. If the cow only had observation(s) before the IP the closest weight to that point was nonlinearly adjusted to the plateau. The IP for this data set was 1,506 d and the plateau was 554.7 kg. Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were calculated from the appropriate (co)variances and phenotypic correlations were computed. Heritability estimates for BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, RGY, and MW were . 49, . 24, . 23, . 30, . 59, . 24, . 15, and . 52, respectively. Genetic correlations between MW with BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, and RGY were . 64, . 80, . 76, . 89, . 73, -. 29, and . 35, respectively, environmental correlations were . 15, . 43, . 05, . 40, 1.03, . 32, and -. 10, respectively, and phenotypic correlations were . 33, . 32, . 28, . 46, . 70, . 00, and . 07, respectively.
Long‐term telephone therapy outcomes for breast cancer patients

We present the results of a breast cancer clinical trial that tested two therapy interventions delivered by telephone. Women (N=218) with Stages I, II, or III breast cancer were randomly assigned to breast cancer health education or emotional expression interventions, or to a standard care control condition. Outcome and process measures were obtained at baseline, 6‐month and 13‐month follow‐ups. Oncology certified nurses conducted the therapies in six, 30‐minute individual phone sessions. Women in the health education condition reported significantly better knowledge and less perceived stress compared to women in the emotional expression and control conditions. No treatment effects, however, were obtained for quality of life or mood, and all women generally improved on these measures over time. Secondary analyses showed that younger women and women with a more advanced stage of breast cancer reported significantly greater avoidant coping. The data show that telephone therapy is a viable delivery modality and that distress improves with time for most women. Overall, this study showed that neither of the two telephone interventions tested had a meaningful effect on quality of life or mood. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.