Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Hashing Algorithm for Retrieval Using Hangeul Name on Navigation System

Recently, a name retrieval function is widely used on navigation systems. In this paper, we propose the new dynamic hashing algorithm for a name retrieval function on it. The proposed dynamic hashing algorithm by constructing an index using the variance information of character is the better than existing methods in terms of storage capacity and retrieval speed. The algorithm proposed in this paper can be useful on systems that have limited resources as well as navigation systems.
Increased expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in ER-positive and negative breast cancer

Objective: Expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) has been shown to be higher in breast cancer than normal tissue. We have previously shown that certain progestogens strongly stimulate proliferation of breast cancer cells overexpressing PGRMC1, and therefore hypothesize that PGRMC1 may play a critical role in breast cancer progression. Because little information is available if expression of PGRMC1 is also associated with worse prognosis for breast cancer patients, in this study we investigated the clinicopathologic significance of PGRMC1 expression in breast cancer tissue. Methods: Expression of PGRMC1 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues obtained from 69 breast cancer patients. A labeling score was developed, and results were correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and clinical outcome. Results: Overexpression of PGRMC1 is correlating with larger tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicate that patients with PGRMC1high tumors have poorer disease-free and overall survival independent from the estrogen receptor status than breast cancer patients with PGRMC1low tumors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the expression of PGRMC1 might be useful for predicting prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
Loss of expression of the p16 tumor suppressor gene is more frequent in advanced ovarian cancers lacking p53 mutations.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that p53 mutations are less frequent in ovarian cancers with alterations in other genes that regulate G1 progression. METHODS Expression of G1 stimulatory (cyclins D1 and E, cdk4, Ki67) and inhibitory (p16, Rb, p27, p14) genes was analyzed using Western blots in 84 primary ovarian cancers and seven cell lines of known p53 mutation status. Expression of p16 and Rb also was determined using immunohistochemistry and the p16 gene was examined for homozygous deletions and mutations. RESULTS Loss of p16 protein was more frequent in ovarian cancers with wild-type p53. All four cell lines with wild-type p53 had lost p16 compared to only one of three with mutant p53 genes. p16 expression was absent in 34% (28/82) of primary ovarian cancers, and this was significantly more common in cases with wild-type p53 (14/28, 50%) compared to those with p53 mutations (14/54, 26%, P = 0.03). Homozygous deletion of the p16 gene was found in cell lines lacking p16, but not in any primary cancers. p16 loss was more common in serous (21/52, 40%) than nonserous cancers (4/23, 17%, P = 0.07). Cases that expressed p16 were more likely to express high levels of Rb (47/55, 85%) than p16-negative cases (12/28, 43%, P < 0.001). Loss of Rb occurred in 5/30 (17%) ovarian cancers lacking p53 mutations compared to 5/54 (9%) cases with p53 mutations (P = 0.48). Expression of G1 stimulatory proteins (cyclins D1 and E, cdk4, Ki67) did not correlate with p53 mutation status. CONCLUSIONS Loss of expression of the p16 tumor suppressor occurs more often in ovarian cancers lacking p53 mutations. These data are consistent with the paradigm that inactivation of p53 is less of a requisite event in ovarian carcinogenesis when another G1 regulatory gene such as p16 already has been inactivated.
Combined oral prolonged-release oxycodone and naloxone in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: review of efficacy and safety data in the treatment of patients experiencing chronic pain

Importance of the field: Despite proven analgesic efficacy, opioid use is associated with frequently dose-limiting bowel dysfunction that seriously impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). Agents used at present to manage opioid-induced constipation do not address the underlying opioid receptor-mediated cause of bowel dysfunction and are often ineffective. There is, therefore, a significant need for more effective treatment options. The combination of the strong opioid oxycodone and the opioid antagonist naloxone has the potential to prevent opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) while maintaining analgesic efficacy. Objective: To review the safety and efficacy of oral prolonged-release (PR) oxycodone/naloxone in the treatment of patients experiencing chronic pain. Areas covered in this review: A MEDLINE search was done (January 2002 – July 2009) for available literature for prolonged release oxycodone and naloxone in different patient groups. Results were limited to English-language and clinical trials. Data were also obtained from congress materials. What knowledge the reader will gain: Unmet needs of opioid pain treatment in terms of OIBD, reduced QoL and low treatment compliance, leading to reduced efficacy. A data overview demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of PR oxycodone/naloxone in the management of severe chronic pain without the burden of severe gastrointestinal adverse events. The combined formulation of a highly effective opioid and an antagonist that acts locally to reduce gastrointestinal side effects is expected to simplify pain management. Take home message: The combination of PR oxycodone/naloxone offers the potential of maintaining normal bowel function in patients requiring opioid therapy – it is a strong analgesic that is well tolerated.
Enhanced Yield of Neuroepithelial Precursors and Midbrain‐Like Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bone Morphogenic Protein Antagonist Noggin

It is currently not known whether dopamine (DA) neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can survive in vivo and alleviate symptoms in models of Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we report the use of Noggin (a bone morphogenic protein antagonist) to induce neuroectodermal cell development and increase the yield of DA neurons from hESCs. A combination of stromal‐derived inducing activity and Noggin markedly enhanced the generation of neuroepithelial progenitors that could give rise to DA neurons. In addition, Noggin diminished the occurrence of a fibroblast‐like Nestin‐positive precursor population that differentiated into myocytes. After transplantation of differentiated hESCs to a rodent model of PD, some grafts contained human midbrain‐like DA neurons. This protocol demonstrates hESC derivation and survival of human DA neurons appropriate for cell therapy in PD.
Combination of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Microautoradiography—a New Tool for Structure-Function Analyses in Microbial Ecology

ABSTRACT A new microscopic method for simultaneously determining in situ the identities, activities, and specific substrate uptake profiles of individual bacterial cells within complex microbial communities was developed by combining fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and microautoradiography. This method was evaluated by using defined artificial mixtures of Escherichia coli andHerpetosiphon aurantiacus under aerobic incubation conditions with added [3H]glucose. Subsequently, we were able to demonstrate the potential of this method by visualizing the uptake of organic and inorganic radiolabeled substrates ([14C]acetate, [14C]butyrate, [14C]bicarbonate, and 33Pi) in probe-defined populations from complex activated sludge microbial communities by using aerobic incubation conditions and anaerobic incubation conditions (with and without nitrate). For both defined cell mixtures and activated sludge, the method proved to be useful for simultaneous identification and analysis of the uptake of labeled substrates under the different experimental conditions used. Optimal results were obtained when fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides were applied prior to the microautoradiographic developing procedure. For single-cell resolution of FISH and microautoradiographic signals within activated sludge flocs, cryosectioned sample material was examined with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The combination of in situ rRNA hybridization techniques, cryosectioning, microautoradiography, and confocal laser scanning microscopy provides a unique opportunity for obtaining cultivation-independent insights into the structure and function of bacterial communities.
Neurocognitive functions and everyday functions change together in old age.

OBJECTIVE Although neurocognitive functions are known to decline normatively with adult age, there is a common belief that everyday functions (e.g., paying bills, following medication instructions, making change, looking up telephone numbers in a phone book) are unaffected by these changes. METHOD This hypothesis was examined by applying longitudinal growth models to data from a community-based sample of 698 adults (ages 65 to 94 years and living independently at baseline) who were repeatedly measured over five years on neurocognitive tests of executive reasoning, episodic memory, and perceptual speed, and on a number of tasks that adults should be reasonably expected to be able to perform in their day-to-day lives. RESULTS Individual differences in changes in neurocognitive performance were strongly correlated with individual differences in changes in performance on the everyday tasks. Alternatively, changes in self-reports of everyday functions were only weakly correlated with changes in performance on the neurocognitive tests and the everyday tasks. CONCLUSIONS These results together suggest that normative neurocognitive aging has substantial consequences for the daily lives of older adults and that both researchers and clinicians should be cautious when interpreting self-reports of everyday functioning.
Cyber-Defense: A Taxonomy of Tactics for Managing Cyberstalking

Cyberstalking research has revealed information about who is perpetrating what offense to whom. This study adds to research on cyberstalking by exploring how victims respond to the unwanted pursuit. The reflections of cyberstalking victims were content analyzed to answer research questions about different risk management behaviors, their effectiveness, and their relationship with specific cyberstalking behaviors. Findings indicated that victims used seven general management tactics of which ignore/avoidance, active technological disassociation, and help seeking were the most common. Using technology to move away from pursuers was reported as the most effective tactic for managing the unwanted relational pursuit. The results also suggested that victims’ management responses were associated with the type of behaviors experienced.
Calculation of the third harmonic excitation of synchronous generator using tooth flux method

The windings voltage value and waveform of synchronous generator is calculated accurately using tooth flux method. In this method, the effects of the magnetic circuit geometry, saliency, saturation, winding layouts and slot shape are included. The the tooth flux method calculating characteristic and the windings voltage waveform of third harmonic excitation system of the no-load and on-load are proposed. The exactness of this method are verified by the comparison of the calculation results and the experiment results on a third harmonic excitation synchronous generator. Thus a difficult problem which calculates third harmonic excitation system accurately is solved.
Gentle Introduction to Information Theoretic Model Selection Criteria and Their Applications in Clinical Trial

1 Dr. Chen Xi worked at Eli Lilly and Company, and he is currently working at Pfizer, Inc. as a consultant specialized in clinic al trial analysis and SAS programming support. His view does not reflect the business practice of any of his client firms. He can be r eached through E-Mail at chenxi@easyway.net or xic@pfizer.com. Information theoretic model selection criteria such as AIC, BIC and ICOMP have important impacts on general statistical analysis, and they may change the strategy in dealing with application problems. This paper will briefly summarize how they were derived, how they differ from the methodology used in conventional statistical analysis, and how they were implemented in SAS software. Their potential applications in clinical trial analysis will also be briefly discussed. This paper is not a technical presentation, but only for beginner tutoring purpose.
Engaging Stakeholders in Review and Recommendations for Models of Outcome Monitoring for Substance Abuse Treatment

We present an example of a collaborative process designed to review models of outcome monitoring for substance abuse services, with a view to assessing the feasibility of different approaches in Ontario, Canada. A conceptual framework that describes the parameters of an outcome monitoring system and four models of outcome monitoring were identified. Consultations were held with stakeholders (managers, directors, researchers, clinicians, and governmental representatives) about the types of information they would like to obtain from an outcome monitoring system. Our process is useful as a model for collaborative research with respect to performance measurement. The study's implications and limitations are noted.
Maternal size in pregnancy and body composition in children.

CONTEXT Evidence suggests that babies' fat mass at birth is greater if their mothers were themselves fatter during pregnancy, but it is unclear whether this association persists into childhood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the relation between maternal size in pregnancy, early growth and body composition in children. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a prospective cohort study in Southampton, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 216 9-yr-old children whose mothers had participated in a study of nutrition during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and adjusted for height (fat mass index and lean mass index). RESULTS Fat mass index at age 9 yr was greater in children whose mothers had a larger mid-upper arm circumference in late pregnancy or a higher prepregnant body mass index. For 1 sd increase in maternal mid-upper arm circumference in late pregnancy, fat mass index rose by 0.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.46] sd in boys and by 0.44 (95% CI 0.31-0.57) sd in girls. For 1 sd increase in maternal prepregnant BMI, fat mass index rose by 0.26 (95% CI 0.04-0.48) sd in boys and by 0.42 (95% CI 0.29-0.56) sd in girls. CONCLUSIONS Mothers with a higher prepregnant body mass index or a larger mid-upper arm circumference during pregnancy tend to have children with greater adiposity at age 9. The extent to which this is attributable to genetic factors, the influence of maternal lifestyle on that of her child, or maternal adiposity acting specifically during pregnancy on the child's fat mass cannot be determined in this study.
Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus: New therapeutic options in neuroimmunological diseases

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus are novel immunosuppressive drugs, both first established in transplantation medicine and now used increasingly in neuroimmunological diseases including myasthenia gravis, dysimmune polyneuropathies, and myositis. In myasthenia gravis, the efficacy and safety of MMF has been shown by one open‐label trial; one small, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial; and a few retrospective analyses. Similarly, for tacrolimus the greatest experience and evidence for efficacy and safety have been gathered in myasthenia gravis. MMF and tacrolimus have both been used as an alternative treatment for various other autoimmune diseases in which azathioprine or cyclosporine were not sufficiently effective. However, experience with tacrolimus in dysimmune polyneuropathies and myositis is limited. At this time, the available data suggest that MMF and tacrolimus are well suited for long‐term immunosuppression in patients with myasthenia gravis. The spectrum of neuroimmunological diseases in which these drugs may be used has not been finally delineated and will require further controlled studies. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Context specificity of conflict frequency-dependent control

Interference in the Eriksen flanker task has been shown to be reduced when the (relative) frequency of conflicting stimuli is increased, a modulation thought to reflect a higher degree of processing selectivity under conditions of frequent conflict (Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001). Previous studies suggest that stimulus location acts as a contextual cue, resulting in location-specific adjustment of processing selectivity when different locations are associated with differential conflict frequencies (Corballis & Gratton, 2003; Wendt, Kluwe, & Vietze, 2008). In the current study we extend these findings by showing that not only stimulus location but also stimulus colour can be used for context-specific adjustments. These findings suggest that processing selectivity is adjusted in parallel with current stimulus processing, potentially serving to resolve a current conflict rather than to prepare for an upcoming new conflict.
Development of a Device for the Delivery of Agents to Bone During Distraction Osteogenesis

Various agents have been theoretically and experimentally implicated as mediators of distraction osteogenesis (DO). The purpose of this study was to develop a vehicle for the potential delivery of these factors to the region of the distraction site in an attempt to manipulate this biologic process. Three adult mongrel dogs (12 months old) had oblique osteotomies performed bilaterally through the gonial regions. In group I, the external distracter was affixed to the right hemimandible of two dogs (n = 2 hemimandibles) with cannulated pins (external diameter = 1.5 mm; lumen diameter = 1.0 mm; length = 60 mm), whereas the distracter on the left was affixed with standard, noncannulated pins of the same dimensions. In group II, cannulated pins were used to affix the external distracter to both hemimandibles (n = 2 hemimandibles) of a dog. The devices were activated after a 5-day latency period and were lengthened at a rate of 1 mm/day for 20 days. During the distraction period, 0.1 ml/d of sterile india ink was injected into the cannulated pins, after which the sterile stylet was replaced. The activation protocol was followed by 28 days of fixation (consolidation period). The hemimandibles from group I underwent removal of soft tissues, acetone fixation, and gross examination/photography, whereas the hemimandibles from group II were prepared for histologic evaluation (whole mount, hematoxylin and eosin staining). All dogs survived to the end of the study and demonstrated successful DO without evidence of complications. Hemimandibles in group I displayed evidence of india ink on both the lingual and buccal cortex around the cannulated pin site, in the regenerate and on the neocortices of the distracted segment. Hemimandibles of group II showed histologic evidence of the india ink being deposited densely around the cannulated pin site and extending in a radial fashion around the pin site into the regenerate. This study demonstrates for the first time a vehicle device for the delivery of an inert dye to the regenerate site during distraction osteogenesis. This vehicle offers the potential of delivery of various factors implicated in distraction osteogenesis (i.e., mitogens) in an attempt to alter this process and also substances (i.e., chemotherapy, antibiotics, etc.) for use in the treatment of various osteopathies.
Stochastic state-space temperature regulation of biochar production. Part I: Theoretical development.

BACKGROUND The concept of a designer biochar that targets the improvement of a specific soil property imposes the need for production processes to generate biochars with both high consistency and quality. These important production parameters can be affected by variations in process temperature that must be taken into account when controlling the pyrolysis of agricultural residues such as manures and other feedstocks. RESULTS A novel stochastic state-space temperature regulator was developed to accurately match biochar batch production to a defined temperature input schedule. This was accomplished by describing the system's state-space with five temperature variables--four directly measured and one change in temperature. Relationships were derived between the observed state and the desired, controlled state. When testing the unit at two different temperatures, the actual pyrolytic temperature was within 3 °C of the control with no overshoot. CONCLUSION This state-space regulator simultaneously controlled the indirect heat source and sample temperature by employing difficult-to-measure variables such as temperature stability in the description of the pyrolysis system's state-space. These attributes make a state-space controller an optimum control scheme for the production of a predictable, repeatable designer biochar.
Mean-field theories of cuprate superconductors: A systematic analysis.

The lattice Anderson model believed to be relevant to high-temperature superconductors and heavy-fermion metals exhibits a variety of different behaviors, including mixed-valence, heavy-fermion, and Mott-insulating states. We determine, via an auxiliary-boson mean-field theory, the parameter regimes in which these behaviors exist. For the two-dimensional CuO{sub 2} Anderson model we calculate the susceptibility, and quasiparticle plasma frequency. By comparing these to specific-heat, susceptibility and optical data for high-{Tc} superconductors, we determine that the materials are in a regime controlled by proximity to a Mott transition and that magnetic correlations play an essential role.
The maximum clique problems with applications to graph coloring. (Problèmes de clique maximum avec applications à la coloration de graphe)

The maximum clique problem (MCP) is an important combinatorial optimization problem with a wide range of practical applications in numerous fields, including information retrieval, signal transmission analysis, classification theory, economics, scheduling, and biomedical engineering. Moreover, a number of combinatorial optimization problems are tightly related to MCP, such as graph coloring, sum coloring, set packing and optimal winner determination. This thesis is devoted to developing effective heuristic approaches to tackle the maximum clique problem and its generalizations. To achieve this, we developed an adaptive multistart tabu search approach for the classic maximum clique problem, a multi-neighborhood tabu search algorithm for the maximum vertex weight clique and a hybrid metaheuristic method for the maximum edge weight clique problem. Moreover, we apply these developed heuristic approaches to solve these hard problems which are tightly related to the maximum clique problem. All algorithms are implemented and successfully tested on a number of benchmark instances from diverse application areas. The proposed methods favorably compete with other state-of-art approaches.