Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOCUMENTS DE TREBALL DE LA FACULTAT DE CIÈNCIES ECONÒMIQUES I EMPRESARIALS

Recent evidence questions some conventional view on the existence of income-related inequalities in depression suggesting in turn that other determinants might be in place, such as activity status and educational attainment. Evidence of socio-economic inequalities is especially relevant in countries such as Spain that have a limited coverage of mental health care and are regionally heterogeneous. This paper aims at measuring and explaining the degree of socio-economic inequality in reported depression in Spain. We employ linear probability models to estimate the concentration index and its decomposition drawing from 2003 edition of the Spanish National Health Survey, the most recent representative health survey in Spain. Our findings point towards the existence of avoidable inequalities in the prevalence of reported depression. However, besides “pure income effects” explaining 37% of inequality, economic activity status (28%), education (15%) and demographics (15%) play also a key encompassing role. Although high income implies higher resources to invest and cure (mental) illness, environmental factors influencing in peoples perceived social status act as indirect path as explaining the prevalence of depression. Finally, we find evidence of a gender effect, gender social-economic inequality in income is mainly avoidable. Resum Evidència empírica recent qüestiona la visió tradicional sobre l'existència de desigualtats relacionades amb la renda en el patiment de depressió tot i suggerint que altres determinants poden jugar un paper destacat, com ara l'estatus laboral i/o el nivell educatiu. Aquest tipus d'evidència sobre desigualtats socio-econòmiques és especialment rellevant per un país com Espanya que gaudeix d'una cobertura limitada en malalties mentals, a banda d'existir heterogeneïtats regionals. Aquest article pretén mesurar i explicar el grau de desigualtat socioeconòmica en el nivell de depressió (declarada) a Espanya. Utilitzem models lineals de probabilitat per a estimar l'índex de concentració i la seva descomposició utilitzant la informació de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2003. Els nostres resultats assenyalen l'existència de desigualtats econòmiques evitables en la prevalència de depressió declarada. No obstant, a part d'un "pur efecte renda" que explicaria un 37% de la desigualtat mesurada, l'ocupació o estatus laboral (28%), el nivell educatiu (15%) i la demografia (15%) també jugarien un paper rellevant. Encara que una renda elevada implica haver d'invertir més recursos per curar malalties (mentals), els factors ambientals que afecten l'estatus social percebut per les persones actuarien de manera indirecta com a factors explicatius en la prevalència de l'obesitat. Finalment, trobem evidència d'un efecte segons el gènere.
Comparative Analysis of Hilbert Huang and Discrete Wavelet Transform in Processing of Signals Obtained from the Cutting Process : An Intermittent Turning Example

Nonstationary signal analysis is one of the greatest challenges in studying and control of dynamical processes. Cutting process is extremely dynamical process influenced by different phenomena such as chip formation, dynamical responses and conditions of machining system elements. The most commonly used Short Time Fourier Transform and spectrogram as its result have significant shortcomings in processing of signals acquired from dynamical systems. Two relatively new techniques that have notably better properties in the analysis of nonstationary signals are Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). This paper gives comparative survey of HHT and DWT with the intention of giving the guidelines for deciding which of these techniques is the technique of choice for the analysis of signals obtained from cutting process, considering the desired outcomes of the analysis. Besides brief mathematical foundations of the transforms, the paper illustrates their utilization using two examples, one is numerical, and the other is experimental dealing with detection of cutting process stop during intermittent turning .
Partially Induced Protection by a Fraction of Leishmania Major Promastigotes Against Murine Leishmaniasis

Partially purified antigenic fractions of Leishmania major promastigotes were obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and electro-elution. Three isolated protein fractions designated as frac tions (Fr.) 1, 2, and 3 correspond to 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 kilodalton (kDa) respectively. They were used for immunization of BALB/c mice against Leishmaniasis. The effects of these fractions on immune response of BALB/c mice against leishmanial infections was investigated by studying the infection course in infected mice, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, lymphocyte proliferation assay (LTT) in them. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with fraction 2 in conjugation with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) developed partial immunity against Leishmania major infection, and induced specific DTH response. Meanwhile this fraction exhibited no exacerbating effect on leishmanial infection course. Subcutaneous immunization with fraction 1 also induced partial protection in lesser extent than fraction 2 against leishmanial infection. Iran. Biomed. J. 2: 27-32, 1998.
Problem : Örgüt ifadesi genel anlamıyla belirli amaçları gerçekleştirmek için insanlar arasındaki birlikteliğe atıf yapar

This study aimed to determine the organizational cynicism levels of teachers working in public and private secondary schools in Turkey in terms of various variables. In this descriptive study based general survey model, data were collected by the Organizational Cynicism Scale (OCS). The sample of this study was determined by using "cluster sampling" method and it included a total of 262 teachers; 182 teachers for public secondary schools and 80 teachers for private secondary schools in Diyarbakir. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test. The findings of the study revealed that the overall level of organizational cynicism for teachers was found at 'Somewhat Agree' level. In addition, school type, gender, seniority and level of education were found as sources of significant differences. Teachers in public secondary schools and male teachers have higher means than their counterparts. Cynicism levels increase as the years pass and tend to decrease especially after a seniority of 15 years. Based on these findings, in-service training sessions to reduce possible causes for organizational cynicism can be organized for school administrators and teachers in public and private schools.
Computational studies of planar, tubular and conical forms of silicon nanostructures

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the properties of planar, tubular and conical forms of silicon nanostructures. The evaluated parameters including averaged bond lengths, binding energies, gap energies and dipole moments were then evaluated for the optimized models of study. The results indicated that the bond lengths between silicon atoms are different in the three forms of structures. The binding energies indicated that the planar form could be considered as the most stable form of silicon nanostructures among the investigated forms. Better conductivity of the conical form than the tubular and planar forms was confirmed by the gap energies. The dipole moments indicated that the planar and tubular forms of silicon nanostructures are non-polar whereas the conical form is a polar silicon nanostructure.
Dear Editor, Please find attached the revised manuscript and author response to the reviewers’ comments of the manuscript “Hydrological characterization of cave drip waters in a porous limestone: Golgotha Cave, Western Australia” by Mahmud et al. for your

11 Cave drip water response to surface meteorological conditions is complex due to the heterogeneity of water 12 movement in the karst unsaturated zone. Previous studies have focused on the monitoring of fractured rock 13 limestones that have little or no primary porosity. In this study, we aim to further understand infiltration water 14 hydrology in the Tamala Limestone of SW Australia, which is Quaternary aeolianite with primary porosity. We 15 build on our previous studies of the Golgotha Cave system and utilize the existing spatial survey of 29 16 automated cave drip loggers and a LiDAR-based flow classification scheme, conducted in the two main 17 chambers of this cave. We find that a daily sampling frequency at our cave site optimizes the capture of drip 18 variability with least possible sampling artifacts. With the optimum sampling frequency, most of the drip sites 19 show persistent autocorrelation for at least a month, typically much longer, indicating ample storage of water 20 feeding all stalactites investigated. Drip discharge histograms are highly variable, showing sometimes 21 multimodal distributions. Histogram skewness is shown to relate to the wetter than average 2013 hydrological 22 year and modality is affected by seasonality. The hydrological classification scheme with respect to mean 23 discharge and the flow variation, can distinguish between groundwater flow types in limestones with primary 24 porosity, and the technique could be used to characterize different karst flow paths when high-frequency 25 automated drip logger data are available. We observe little difference in the coefficient of variation (COV) 26 between flow classification types, probably reflecting the ample storage due to the dominance of primary 27 porosity at this cave site. Moreover, we do not find any relationship between drip variability and discharge 28 within similar flow type. Finally, a combination of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and clustering by k-means 29 is used to classify similar drip types based on time series analysis. This clustering reveals four unique drip 30 regimes which agree with previous flow type classification for this site. It highlights a spatial homogeneity in 31 drip types in one cave chamber, and spatial heterogeneity in the other, which is in concordance with our 32 understanding of cave chamber morphology and lithology. 33
Insult or prejudice: a study on the racial prejudice expression in football

This study aimed at analyzing the extent to which racial prejudice in football mediates the relationship between the use of verbal aggressions and compliance positioning that deny the existence of racial prejudice in football. Participants were 295 university students from Paraiba (Brazil), aged between 15 and 61 years (M = 21, DP = 6,01), being 109 males and 185 females. The results indicated that racial prejudice totally mediated the relationship between verbal aggressions and compliance with legal actions. Thus, verbal attacks are not merely the expression of negative attitudes directed towards the rival team but, to the extend that they are significantly associated with prejudice, they become a powerful form of legitimation of racial prejudice in denying its existence.
L INK BETWEEN IT A FFORDANCES AND I NSTITUTIONS FOR B ETTER H EALTH C ARE IN D EVELOPING C OUNTRIES Completed Research Paper

Using a case study of health information systems (HIS) in Kenya, we seek to better understand how HIS afford or constrain the action of local actors in provisioning health care in developing countries. We developed a theoretical perspective based on institutional theory that served as a lens to interpret the relationship between institutions and users’ perceptions of IT constraints and affordances. We found how identities constitute sense-making devices through which users make sense of the cultural resources available in their institutional environment and use them to shape their perception of IT affordances. In addition, we found how contradictions between users’ perceived IT affordances constituted the source and means of identity work processes through which users either modified or reinforced their identities. The paper contributes toward an increased understanding of how IT affordances (or constraints) link to institutions, thereby influencing processes of institutional change and socioeconomic development.
Experiential Learning Enters the Eighties , Volume 7 , 1980 17 MOVING TOWARD A “ THEORY ” OF THE USE OF SIMULATION GAMES AND EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES

The paper extends previous thinking by the authors with regard to the major variables which should be considered in the use of games and experiential exercises. Using the five classes of variables presented in an earlier work: (1) the business concepts taught, (2) the nature of the game/task, (3) game conduct, (4) participant attributes, and (5) user attributes, a series of causal relationships are postulated. The seventeen propositions which eventuate from this programmatic reasoning process serve a necessary intermediate step to empirical tests.
Hierarchical related regression for combining aggregate and survey data in studies of socio-economic disease risk factors

To obtain information about the contribution of individual and area-level factors to population health, it is desirable to use both data collected on areas, such as censuses, and on individuals, for example, survey and cohort data. Individual-level inference from aggregate data alone can be subject to bias due to confounding, model mis-specification or lack of information, but incorporating suitable individual-level data can reduce these biases. Conversely, sampled individual-level data alone often lack power. Carrying out hierarchical related regressions on the same data at both levels can reduce bias and provide more information on both individuallevel and area-level risk factors. We illustrate these principles with an case study concerning socio-economic predictors of the risk of hospital admissions for heart and circulatory disease in London.
Pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings

Information on pedestrian-level wind (PLW) speed for wind comfort assessment can be obtained by wind-tunnel measurements or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Wind-tunnel measurements for PLW are routinely performed with low-cost techniques such as hot-wire or hot-film anemometers, Irwin probes or sand erosion, while Laser-Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and Particle-Image Velocimetry (PIV) are less often used because they are more expensive. CFD simulations are routinely performed by the relatively low-cost steady Reynolds-Averaged NaviereStokes (RANS) approach. LargeEddy Simulation (LES) is less often used because of its larger complexity and cost. This paper reviews wind-tunnel and CFD techniques to determine PLW speeds expressed generally in terms of amplification factors defined as the ratio of local mean wind speed to mean wind speed at the same position without buildings present. Some comparative studies systematically indicate that the low-cost wind-tunnel techniques and steady RANS simulations can provide accurate results (~10%) at high amplification factors (>1) while their accuracy can deteriorate at lower amplification factors (<1). This does not necessarily compromise the accuracy of PLW comfort assessment, because the higher amplification factors provide the largest contribution to the discomfort exceedance probability in the comfort criterion. Although LDA, PIV and LES are inherently more accurate techniques, this paper supports the continued use of faster and less expensive techniques for PLW studies. Extrapolating a previous saying, we argue that pedestrianlevel wind comfort is one of the few topics in wind engineering where nature is kind to us concerning turbulent flows. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Functional characterization of the vertebrate-specific presynaptic protein Mover in the calyx of Held

Signal transduction at chemical synapses in the central nervous system relies on the tightly regulated release of neurotransmitter from the active zone of the presynaptic compartment. Although key components of the machinery responsible for transport, docking, priming and fusion of synaptic vesicles have been identified, our understanding of the regulation of this complex process is still incomplete. This is especially true for the probability of release, which determines whether or not one or more synaptic vesicles get released upon arrival of an action potential at the active zone. Albeit the probabilistic nature of neurotransmitter release is one of the key features underlying higher order brain functions such as learning and memory, the mechanisms that regulate this process remain largely elusive. In the present study, we examined the functional properties of the recently identified presynaptic vertebrate-specific protein Mover. Therefore, we generated an in vivo knock-down of Mover using adeno-associated virus mediated shRNA expression in the globular bushy cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus, the projection neurons forming the calyx of Held. 3D immunohistochemistry 10 days after virus injection at postnatal day 2, revealed a strong reduction of Mover expression in identified single calyces expressing mOrange in cis with the shRNA. Electrophysiological characterization of Mover knock-down synapses at postnatal days 12 and 13 revealed increased EPSC amplitudes, increased and accelerated short-term depression and increased recovery from depression as compared to controls. Contrarily, spontaneous release properties, EPSC kinetics, readily-releasable pool size and synaptic vesicle mobilization were not affected by Mover knock-down. These findings are in line with an increased probability of release after Mover knock-down. The increase in release probability was confirmed by presynaptic capacitance recordings in which near-maximal release in Mover knock-down calyces was achieved with shorter depolarization steps as compared to controls. Presynaptic calcium currents were not affected by Mover, assuring that the increase in release probability was not due to alterations in calcium influx. Thus, we examined the calcium sensitivity of release in Mover knock-down synapses by monitoring the EPSC amplitude in different extracellular calcium concentrations. In these experiments, we found EPSC amplitudes in 1.5 mM extracellular calcium significantly increased upon knock-down of Mover suggesting that Mover indeed decreased the calcium sensitivity of release. In summary, our findings show that Mover acts as a negative regulator of release probability, most likely by reducing the calcium sensitivity of release. Taking the previously shown expression pattern of Mover in certain subsets of synapses into account, Mover may constitute a novel mechanism to tune synaptic transmission.
MASTEROPPGAVE Fixed Appliance & Root Resorption Possible to Predict?

There are many possible causes to external apical root resorption (EARR) as a sequela of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. This literature review examines root morphology, age, commonly affected teeth, magnitude of force, continuous versus interrupted forces and duration of treatment, in order to evaluate if root resorption can be predicted. Qualitative analysis of a range of studies in this area has been made. Maxillary incisors seemed to be the teeth most vulnerable to EARR. All of the contributing factors above had a connection to root resorption of varying extents. It is therefore essential for a clinician to be aware of these factors, to be able to estimate the risk of root resorption individually for each patient. Figure 1: Root resorption in the incisors as result of orthodontic treatment with
Mapping prescribed burns and wildfires from Twitter with natural language processing and information retrieval techniques

New media are increasingly used to capture ambient geographic information in multiple contexts, from mapping the evolution of the Tahrir Square protests in Egypt to predicting influenza outbreaks. The social media platform Twitter is popular for these applications; it boasts over 500 million messages (‘tweets’) generated every day from as many total users at an average rate of 5,700 messages per second. In the United States, Twitter is used to communicate prescribed agricultural or other burning and the emergence, response to, and containment of wildfires. A prototype for operational prescribed and wildland fire detections from social media, specifically Twitter, was created using natural language processing and information retrieval techniques. The intent is to identify and locate prescribed burns and wildland fires in the contiguous United States often missed by satellite detections with the hope of providing relevant, spatio-temporal fire data for emission estimates, inventories and burned area mapping efforts. The authors present their methodology and an evaluation of its performance in collecting relevant tweets, extracting metrics such as area burned and geolocating the fire events using the GeoNames geographic gazette. Compared to two operational satellite fire products, this data mining effort mapped fires potentially unknown to the satellite record. Additional keywords: social media, text mining, geocoding, prescribed fire, wildland fire, geospatial techniques
Distribution of Takeover Gains: A Comparison between the US and Other Major Markets

The takeover literature appears to lack comparative studies of the US versus non-US markets, though certain facts present the US as an outlier. Non-US evidence is usually on individual markets, and at most on a group of European countries. This paper provides a uniﬁed analysis of takeover gain and gain division in seven major markets including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the UK and the US. Importantly, I explicitly compare the US to non-US markets, controlling for common gain determinants at both the deal and the country levels. I examine both the combined gain generated by the takeover and how this gain is split between the acquired and the acquiring ﬁrms. I measure combined gain with the change in the combined wealth of both the target and the acquirer shareholders. I estimate gain division with the relative diﬀerence in dollar return between the target and the bidder. Consistent with the literature, I ﬁnd that US takeovers, on average, create value. However, value creation is not signiﬁcantly larger in the US than in other markets. The diﬀerence between US and non-US takeovers lies in the distribution of takeover gains. US targets earn systematically more than non-US targets in both absolute and relative terms. Absolute measures include cumulative abnormal return and dollar abnormal return. Relative measures consist of the fraction of takeover gain obtained by the target, and the relative diﬀerence in dollar return between the target and the acquirer. The results suggest that target ﬁrms have stronger bargaining power in the US than in other countries. This ﬁnding is robust to individual country eﬀects, the Anglo-Saxon eﬀect, and the concern of US ﬁrms being typically larger than foreign ﬁrms.