Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Law of One Price and Optimal Consumption-Leisure Choice Under Price Dispersion

If the demand under price dispersion is formed by consumers with zero search costs and consumers with positive search costs, the law of one price holds at the equilibrium price level, where the lowest willingness to pay between consumers with zero search costs meets the willingness to accept or to sell of consumers with positive search costs. Consumers with positive search costs maximize their utility with respect to their optimal decisions when marginal losses in labor income during the search are equal to marginal savings on purchase. Optimal decisions move their willingness to accept to the equilibrium price level. Suboptimal decisions of consumers with positive search costs result in willingness to accept below the lowest willingness to pay of consumers with zero search costs and arbitrage takes place. Arbitrage drops down the equilibrium price to the level where willingness to accept of consumers with positive search costs meets the new lowest willingness to pay of consumers with zero search costs and where purchasing decisions of consumers with positive search costs become optimal.
Niche models tell half the story: spatial context and life‐history traits influence species responses to global change

Aim While niche models are typically used to assess the vulnerability of species to climate change, they have been criticized for their limited assessment of threats other than climate change. We attempt to evaluate this limitation by combining niche models with life‐history models to investigate the relative influence of climate change and a range of fire regimes on the viability of a long‐lived plant population. Specifically, we investigate whether range shift due to climate change is a greater threat to an obligate seeding fire‐prone shrub than altered fire frequency and how these two threatening processes might interact.
Serum Biochemical Values during Antler Growth in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Serum biochemical values were measured in blood samples collected from 8 fasted stags from both jugular and femoral veins at 18-day intervals during antler growth. Samples were analyzed for blood substrate, enzyme activity values, minerals and electrolyte. There were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride, glucose or cholesterol concentration between veins or sampling dates. However, total-bilirubin concentration in the jugular vein on the casting date was three times higher than on the other sampling dates (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase with progressing antler growth. The highest level of alkaline phosphatase concentration was on day 55 after casting. There were no significant differences in inorganic phosphorus, sodium and chloride concentration between jugular and femoral samples. Calcium concentration was significantly higher in the femoral vein on the cutting date (55 day) than in the jugular vein (p<0.05). There were few changes in serum biochemical values. However, some electrolytes and minerals had differences during antler growth. It is suggested that despite such a big event as antler growth, blood biochemical values are not variable if feeding conditions are consistently maintained as was the case in this study.
An Evaluation of the Relationships between Collegiate Aviation Safety Management System Initiative, Self-Efficacy, Transformational Safety Leadership and Safety Behavior mediated by Safety Motivation

Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons, Aviation and Space Education Commons, Aviation Safety and Security Commons, Community College Leadership Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, Educational Psychology Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Management and Operations Commons, Science and Mathematics Education Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, Student Counseling and Personnel Services Commons, and the Vocational Education Commons
qmethod: A Package to Explore Human Perspectives Using Q Methodology

During the development of this package, the author was funded by the Department of Research of the Basque Government. The author is grateful to Steven Brown and Peter Schmolck for making Q datasets publicly available and for allowing the Lipset dataset to be used in this R package; to Laurent Gatto for his advice in developing it; and to Ben Fried, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor for their useful comments on the manuscript.
Cloud condensation nuclei activity of isoprene secondary organic aerosol

[1] This work explores the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA), likely a significant source of global organic particulate matter and CCN, produced from the oxidation with OH from HONO/HOOH photolysis in a temperature-controlled SOA chamber. CCN concentrations, activation diameter, and droplet growth kinetic information were monitored as a function of supersaturation (from 0.3% to 1.5%) for several hours using a cylindrical continuous-flow streamwise thermal gradient CCN counter connected to a scanning mobility particle sizer. The initial SOA concentrations ranged from 2 to 30 μg m−3 and presented CCN activity similar to monoterpene SOA with an activation diameter of 35 nm for 1.5% supersaturation and 72 nm for 0.6% supersaturation. The CCN activity improved slightly in some experiments as the SOA aged chemically and did not depend significantly on the level of NOx during the SOA production. The measured activation diameters correspond to a hygroscopicity parameter κ value of 0.12, similar to κ values of 0.1 ± 0.04 reported for monoterpene SOA. Analysis of the water-soluble carbon extracted from filter samples of the SOA suggest that it has a κ of 0.2–0.3 implying an average molar mass between 90 and 150 g mol−1 (assuming a zero and 5% surface tension reduction with respect to water, respectively). These findings are consistent with known oxidation products of isoprene. Using threshold droplet growth analysis, the CCN activation kinetics of isoprene SOA was determined to be similar to pure ammonium sulfate aerosol.
Can we prove that there are computational correlates of consciousness in the brain

Scientific research on consciousness is attempting to gather data about the relationship between consciousness and the physical world. The basic procedure is to measure consciousness through first-person reports, measure the physical world and look for correlations between these sets of measurements. While most of this work has focused on neural correlates of consciousness, it has also been proposed that consciousness is linked to the computations that are being executed by the brain. If this is the case, we would expect there to be a high level of correlation between some of the brain’s computations and consciousness. This could be scientifically tested if a plausible method for measuring computations could be found. This paper investigates whether Chalmers’ method for identifying computations could be used to measure computations during an experiment on the correlates of consciousness. A number of arguments are used to show that Chalmers’ account of implementation fails for a desktop computer, which makes it unlikely that it could be used to identify computational correlates of consciousness in the brain. While a different account of implementation might be able to rescue computational approaches to consciousness, the problems raised in this paper suggest that it is going to be difficult to develop a method for measuring computations that could be used to test whether there are computational correlates of consciousness in the brain.
Study on the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus of polyisoprene by molecular dynamics simulations

The temperature dependence of the bulk modulus of polyisoprene has been studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Virtual polyisoprenes have been submitted to volume contractions above and below the glass transition. Bulk modulus has been observed to be linearly dependent on temperature both above and below the glass transition respectively, and it dropped by a factor of about 2 while temperature was raised above the glass transition. By monitoring the energy changes during volume contractions, it was observed that the bulk modulus arises mainly from the Van der Waals interactions. Nevertheless, the entropy contribution to the bulk modulus becomes significant above the glass transition. At a first order, the entropy part of the bulk modulus can be considered as independent of the temperature.
Recovery of Water from Sewage Effluents using Alumina Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes

Abstract This work highlights the recovery of water from sewage effluents using alumina ceramic membranes with pore sizes of 0.2 and 0.45 µm respectively in dead‐end filtration mode. The work demonstrates the ability and advantages of alumina‐based microfiltration (MF) membranes in filtering microbes and other harmful pollutants normally present in sewage effluents in dead‐end filtration mode. The fouling behavior of the membranes in the filtration cycle is identified, which in turn helped to regenerate the fouled membranes for subsequent usage. Regeneration studies of fouled membranes also suggest that though chemical cleaning was effective in recovering membrane performance, the fouling had still been progressed slowly and the membranes showed the ability to perform at least five filtration cycles of highly‐contaminated sewage effluents. As expected, the filtration efficiency and flux characteristics at various transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the membranes varies with the pore size of the membrane and is explained in light of Darcy's and Poiseuille's laws of filtration. The results show that alumina ceramic membrane with disc geometry having a pore size of 0.2 µm is more effective in filtering the total suspended solids, turbidity and microbes of the sewage effluents as compare to that of 0.45 µm membrane to a level in which the permeate water appears to be benign for discharging into the surface thereby offering the possibility of recycling or reusing the recovered water from the sewage effluents for suitable purposes.
On the Robustness of Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Double Unit Roots

We examine some of the consequences on commonly used unit root tests when the underlying series is integrated of order two rather than of order one. It turns out that standard augmented Dickey–Fuller type of tests for a single unit root have excessive density in the explosive region of the distribution. The lower (stationary) tail, however, will be virtually unaffected in the presence of double unit roots. On the other hand, the Phillips–Perron class of semi‐parametric tests is shown to diverge to plus infinity asymptotically and thus favouring the explosive alternative. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the analytical results and some of the implications in finite samples.
Estimation of predator-prey mass ratios using stable isotopes: sources of errors

In aquatic systems, the ratio of pre - dator mass to prey mass (PPMR) is an important constraint on food web structure, and has been correlated with environmental stability. One com- mon approach of estimating PPMR uses nitrogen stable isotopes (δ 15 N) as an indicator of trophic position, under the assumption that the discrimi - nation between diet and tissue is constant with increasing diet δ 15 N (an additive approach). How- ever, recent studies have shown that this assump- tion may not be valid and that there is a negative trend between the δ 15 N of the diet and the dis- crimination value (a scaled approach). Here, we estimated PPMR for a simulated food web using both the traditional additive approach and the improved scaled approach, and then tested our predictions with isotope samples from a North Sea food web. Our simulations show that the additive approach yields incorrect estimates of PPMR, and these biases are reflected in North Sea PPMR esti- mates. The extent of the bias is dependent on the baseline δ 15 N and trophic level sampled, with the greatest differences for samples with low baseline δ 15 N sampled at lower trophic levels. The scaled approach allows for the comparison of PPMR across varying δ 15 N baselines and trophic levels, and will refine estimates of PPMR.
Mixed Finite Element Method for Static and Dynamic Contact Problems with Friction and Initial Gaps

A novel mixed finite element method is proposed for static and dynamic contact problems with friction and initial gaps. Based on the characteristic of local nonlinearity for the problem, the system of forces acting on the contactor is divided into two parts: external forces and contact forces. The displacement of structure is chosen as the basic variable and the nodal contact force in contact region under local coordinate system is selected as the iteration variable to confine the nonlinear iteration process in the potential contact surface which is more numerically efficient. In this way, the sophisticated contact nonlinearity is revealed by the variety of the contact forces which are determined by the external load and the contact state stick, slip, or separation. Moreover, in the case of multibody contact problem, the flexibility matrix is symmetric and sparse; thus, the iterative procedure becomes easily carried out and much more economical. In the paper, both the finite element formulations and the iteration process are given in detail for static and dynamic contact problems. Four examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the presented method.
Technology, research and applications of switched reluctance drives

Electrical drives are one of the major consumers of electrical energy and their penetration in the market is still growing. Hence, for many drive applications efficient, reliable and cost effective solutions have to be found. Switched reluctance drives (SRD) offer a potential solution when focus is mainly on cost and robustness. However, to benefit from the unique advantages of this machine type a deep understanding of its strongly non-linear behavior is required. After discussing some major differences to classic rotating field machines, this paper presents a broad overview of the state of the art of SRD taking into consideration all aspects relevant to machine modeling, design and control development process. Finally, applications on the market utilizing SRDs and the focus of current research is presented. After reading this paper the reader will be able to assess if this modern drive technology could be advantagous in a given application.
Differential processing strategies in face perception

6 INTRODUCTION 7 BACKGROUND 9 The visual system underlying face perception 9 The processing level of faces 13 Face processing strategies 14 Face-specific processing? 16 Face-processing tasks 17 Components of the face perception system 24 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 27 The Eye-Tracking Method 27 AIMS OF THE THESIS 30 SUMMARY OF METHODS 31 Participants, stimuli, and apparatus 31 Design and procedure 32 RESULTS: SUMMARY OF RESEARCH REPORTS 33 Report I 33 Report II 34 Report III 35 GENERAL DISCUSSION 36 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS 38 GLOSSARY 39 REFERENCES 40 RESEARCH REPORTS I-III 55
On the Interplay of Self-Esteem, Proficiency Level, and Language Learning Strategies Among Iranian L2 Learners

It is axiomatic that L2 teaching and learning is a process that requires dynamic involvement of L2 learners in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. L2 learners need to be assisted in setting individual learning goals. They should also be given the exposure to and guidance in effective language learning strategies (LLSs) in order to build a high level of confidence in the learning process. The study was an attempt to examine the relationship between LLSs and L2 learners’ self-esteem. To achieve such objectives, a questionnaire was administered to 120 Persian L2 learners. The results revealed that LLSs had a strong correlation with self-esteem. Besides, the same strong, positive correlation was also observed between the participants’ self-esteem and their L2 proficiency level. It was finally underestood that of the L2 independent variables of the study (i.e., self-esteem and L2 proficiency level), it was the L2 participants’ proficiency level that better accounted for their use of LLSs. Conducting studies like the present one may contribute effectively to the better teaching of an L2 to L2 learners.
Separating and identifying pesticides in milk through Thin Layer Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

We separated several pesticides (imidacloprid, deltametrin, bifentrin, fenilbutation oxide, captan prepaquizofos, benflutamid, amitraz, hexachlor benzene, metachlor 960, triflurex 400, stamp) on chromatographic plates with diatomitic earth modified chemically C'8, using as a mobile phase a mixtur e of methanol and water in different ratios. Identifying pesticides was done through UV light examination at 254 nm. The pesticide amitraz was added to the milk and we extracted it 24 h later with methylene hexane' chloride (1:1, v/v) and the extract was applied on the plates together with the standards. Identification was done with the standards and through mass spectrometry.
Long-Term Prognosis of Women with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background and objectives. Women with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction have a worse prognosis than men. However, information about the prognosis of women with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine if the long-term prognosis of men and women with NSTEACS differs. Patients and method. In a consecutive series of 300 patients admitted for a NSTEACS and ischemic ECG changes, we compared the clinical characteristics, in-hospital and long-term follow-up of 95 women and 95 men matched for age, presence of diabetes, and past history of hypertension. Results. The median age of patients was 69 years, 36% had diabetes, and 65% had a history of hypertension. There were no gender differences in the history of angina or hypercholesterolemia, clinical presentation, number of patients with ST-segment depression, and CKMB elevation. However, smoking, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease were less frequent in women. Treatment at admission and at discharge was similar in men and women, as was the use of in-hospital diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (echocardiography: 80 vs 88%; coronary angiography: 57 vs 59%; percutaneous coronary intervention: 17 vs 14%; coronary surgery 13 vs. 11%). Women had a better mean ejection fraction (55 ± 13 vs 49 ± 14%; p < 0.01) and fewer stenosed coronary vessels (1.4 ± 1.1 vs 2.2 ± 0.9; p < 0.01). There were no differences in the frequency of recurrent angina (28 vs 25%), and of death or infarction (both 3.2%) during hospitalization. However, during a 30-month followup the incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or a new episode of NSTEACS was significantly lower in women with a relative risk (RR) of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33-0.86; p < 0.01). This apparently better prognosis persisted after adjusting for clinical data and ejection fraction (RR: 0.57 (0.330.98); p < 0.05), but disappeared after adjusting for the number of diseased coronary vessels (RR: 0.71 (0.351.47); p = 0.36).
Resolving Chilean dolphin (Cephalorhynchus eutropia, Gray 1846) synonymy by sequencing DNA extracted from teeth of museum specimens

Se amplifico y secuencio ADN mitocondrial a partir de muestras dentarias de seis especimenes de museo descritos por Phillipi (1893) como especies nuevas, Phocoena albiventris, Tursio platyrhinus y T. panope. Estos especimenes fueron revisados con posterioridad y, con la excepcion de T. panope, fueron reidentificados como probables delfin Chileno, Cephalorhynchus eutropia. Secuencias de ADN de cinco de las seis muestras fueron comparadas con una base de datos existente de secuencias tipo de odontocetos. Esta comparacion confirma que los especimenes corresponden a delfin Chileno. Por lo tanto, T. panope es un delfin Chileno, aunque de inusual tamano. Estos resultados demuestran la utilidad de analisis geneticos en especimenes de museo para ayudar a resolver ambiguedades en la identificacion a nivel especifico.
3 DVEM SOFTWARE MODULES FOR EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF POINT CLOUDS AND PHOTOREALISTIC 3 D MODELS

Cultural heritage managers in general and informatio n users in particular are not usually used to deal with high-technological hardware and software. On the contrary, information providers of metric surveys are most of the times applying latest developments for real-life conservation and restoration projects . This paper addresses the software issue of handli ng and managing either 3D point clouds or (photorealistic) 3D models to bridge the gap between information users and information provi ders as regards the management of information which users and providers share as a tool for decision-making, analysis, vis ual zation and management. There are not many viewers specifically designed to handle, manage and create easily animations of arc hitectural and/or archaeological 3D objects, monuments and sites, amo ng others. 3DVEM – 3D Viewer, Editor & Meter softwa re will be introduced to the scientific community, as well as 3DVEM – Liv e and 3DVEM – Register. The advantages of managing p rojects with both sets of data, 3D point cloud and photorealistic 3D model s, will be introduced. Different visualizations of true documentation projects in the fields of architecture, archaeology and industr y will be presented. Emphasis will be driven to hig hli ht the features of new userfriendly software to manage virtual projects. Furth e more, the easiness of creating controlled interac ive animations (both walkthrough and fly-through) by the user either onthe fly or as a traditional movie file will be demo nstrated through 3DVEM – Live. * Corresponding author.