Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Analysis of fMRI-EEG Data for the Detection of Epilepsy Disorder

In this paper, new fusion model of EEG-fMRI is proposed, where the EEG correlation is developed with functional activity of the brain imaging (fMRI) to derive features. The fMRI slices and the EEG signals are correlated using the spectral correlation of selective spectral bands and the MRI spectral density in EEG-fMRI sample. Previously the mapping approach of peak spike active of EEG signal over large spectral density of MRI sample is assumed to be processed under no-artefact scenario. Secondly a redundant time feature magnitude is not effective in deriving the epileptic diagnosis of EEG signalling. Both challenges are addressed by our methodology in which feature reduction and feature mapping of selective spectral bands of EEG and MRI spectral density is proposed taking into consideration artefacts present in EEG signal. The proposed methodologies are adopted for the detection of epilepsy disorder. Experimentations are conducted in the openly available fMRI data of six subjects and active database, ACTIVE project at TelAviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC) Israel and comparisons are made with existing mapping models. The comparative results and analysis demonstrate the superiority and the reliability of the proposed methodology.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Linearly Fused 5-Substituted-7-acetyl-2,6-dimethyloxazolo[4,5-f]indoles.

The exclusive formation of 1-substitutcd-6-a-oximino-ethylindoles 3a-d from the reaction of 3,6-diacetylindoles with hydroxylamine reveals the chemoselectivity of C 6 -acetyl function over that of C 3 -acetyl function towards the nucleophilic attack of hydroxylamine. These monooximes 3a-d are stirred with methanesulphonyl chloride in dry pyridine at room temperature to give the novel 5-substituted-7-acetyl-3,6-dimelhyloxazolo[4,5-f]indoles 5a-d in good yields. The structures of all these newly synthesised compounds have been confirmed by their spectral and analytical data and they have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities.
State-Funded Secondary Education Policy: Implications for Private School Management in Ghana

ABSTRACT This research explored the implications of state-funded secondary education policy for private school management in Ghana. The research used the qualitative approach relying on the phenomenological design. Based on expert and modal purposive sampling techniques, a representative of Ghana’s Ministry of Education, and 10 managers of 10 accredited private senior high schools in one of the country’s regions took part in individual interviews. I analyzed the data using interpretative phenomenological approaches. Falling enrollment, inability to recruit enough qualified teachers and low revenue emerged as challenges facing private secondary school management. To overcome the issues, the managers resorted to contingency measures.
Genetic diversity analysis of grain yield and quality traits in rice germplasm accessions (Oryza sativa L.) by principal component analysis

The Rice germplasm provide with ample of genetic diversity and a treasury of valuable genes. It is a rich pool of important genes that plant breeders can exploit for crop improvement. Principal components with eigen values greater than 1 and variance level greater than 4 level is perceived to be the main PC. In this study, eight components exhibited Eigen values of >1 and showed cumulative variation of 75.22%. The first PC (15.83%) and second PC (15.33%) showed for cumulative variation 31.36%. The PC1 recorded 15.83%, although PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7 and PC8 displayed 15.33%, 12.64%, 9.03%, 7.4%, 5.91%, 4.61% and 4.27% variance respectively between the accessions for the characters in analysis. Genotypes Saraiphool, MTU 1010, Zinc rice-2, Chaptimathyala, Bora, Korma, R-RKM-1, Kalajeera, Jauphool, Tiltaturi and Parwatkala were found to be promising and found to be genetically divergent. Hence, these genotypes could be utilized in the hybridization programme to produce transgressive segregants.
Acid dissociation constants of some mercaptobenzazoles in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures

The acid dissociation constants of some 2-mercaptobenzazoles in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures are determined potentiometrically at (25 ± 0.1) °C and an ionic strength of I = 0.02 mol dm-3 (KNO3). The organic solvents are methanol, ethanol, DMF, DMSO, and acetonitrile. The pKa values are discussed in terms of the proportion and nature of the organic cosolvent. It was concluded that hydrogen bonding interactions of the conjugate base with the solvent and the solvent basicity in addition to the electrostatic effect contribute the major effects in the ionization process. Moreover, thermodynamic functions (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) of the ionization process in an aqueous medium containing 0.1 mole fraction of ethanol are also determined and discussed.
Coffee shop atmospheric effect on customer satisfaction and behavioural intention

Despite the growing number of atmospheric studies in the various service settings such as restaurants and hotels, the application of atmospheric studies in the coffee shop has not gained much attention from scholars. The purpose of this study is to determine the coffee shop atmospheric dimension and the influence on customer satisfaction and behaviour intention of the coffee shop customers. The result of reviewing a large number of service environment literature has identified four dimensions of coffee shop atmospherics: facility aesthetic, ambience condition, spatial layout, and social. Subsequently, these dimensions are used to examine their role in customer satisfaction and behaviour intention. The data were collected from 298 coffee shop customers at ten coffee shops and each measurement was subjected for validity analysis of and composite reliability that were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The relationship between variables was verified using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings of this study are: first, the coffee shop atmospherics influence customer satisfaction positively; second, customer satisfaction has a mediation role in the relationship between coffee shop atmospheric and behaviour intention; third, customer satisfaction affects behaviour intention significantly. The findings implied that the coffee shop atmospheric has a paramount role in affecting customer satisfaction which can lead to positive behaviour intention of the customers such as spreading the positive word about the coffee shop and revisiting intention.
Classifying Leitmotifs in Recordings of Operas by Richard Wagner

From the 19th century on, several composers of Western opera made use of leitmotifs (short musical ideas referring to semantic entities such as characters, places, items, or feelings) for guiding the audience through the plot and illustrating the events on stage. A prime example of this compositional technique is Richard Wagner’s four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen. Across its different occurrences in the score, a leitmotif may undergo considerable musical variations. The concrete leitmotif instances in an audio recording are subject to acoustic variability. Our paper approaches the task of classifying such leitmotif instances in audio recordings. As our main contribution, we conduct a case study on a dataset covering 16 recorded performances of the Ring with annotations of ten central leitmotifs, leading to 2403 occurrences and 38448 instances in total. We build a neural network classification model and evaluate its ability to generalize across different performances and leitmotif occurrences. Our findings demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of leitmotif classification in audio recordings and pave the way towards the fully automated detection of leitmotifs in music recordings.
Functional and genetic diversity changes through time in a cloud forest ant assemblage

Climate change in the Neotropics is causing upslope range shifts. We used arrays of ant species collected in a cloud forest at 1,500 m in Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica, collected in two time periods (1998–2000 and 2008–2011) to measure changes in species richness and diversity over a decade. Using metrics of community structure, we found that the species assemblage in the collections from the 1990s was significantly phylogenetically clustered and functionally less diverse as compared to collections from the early 2000s. At both time points, the assemblages were significantly phylogenetically clustered and while the difference in functional diversity between the time points was not significant, the ant assemblage has become lighter in color (on average) over time. When individual species are considered, the overall pattern of replacement is consistent with the cloud forest ant assemblage being colonized by arrivals from lower elevation forests. The invertebrate communities on cloud forested mountain tops are especially vulnerable to a changing climate as there are two factors working together; no higher terrain to which they can move and the invasion of more and more taxa from lower downslope. This vulnerability is already measurable.
Exploration of marine phytoplankton: from their historical appreciation to the omics era

Marine phytoplankton are believed to account for more than 45% of photosynthetic net primary production on Earth, and hence are at the base of marine food webs and have an enormous impact on the entire Earth system. Their members are found across many of the major clades of the tree of life, including bacteria (cyanobacteria) and multiple eukaryotic lineages that acquired photosynthesis through the process of endosymbiosis. Our understanding of their distribution in marine ecosystems and their contribution to biogeochemical cycles have increased since they were first described in the 18th century. Here, we review historical milestones in marine phytoplankton research and how their roles were gradually understood, with a particular focus on insights derived from large-scale ocean exploration. We start from the first observations made by explorers and naturalists, review the initial identification of the main phytoplankton groups and the appreciation of their function in the influential Kiel and Plymouth schools that established biological oceanography, to finally outline the contribution of modern large-scale initiatives to understand this fundamental biological component of the ocean.
Social And Pedagogical Rehabilitation Of Adolescents With Deviant Behaviour As Social Work

The essential characteristic of social and personal viability of adolescents with deviant behavior in special educational organizations is examined. The following structural components are determined: existential, emotional-behavioral, motivational-volitional. The levels of forming social and personal viability of adolescents with deviant behavior are highlighted. Specifically, these are the level of negative attitude to socio-cultural rules and norms of life, the level of neutral adaptive attitude to socio-cultural rules and norms of life; the level of incomplete (partial) adoption of socio-cultural norms and rules of life. Criteria and indicators of forming social and personal viability of deviant adolescents in the process of sociopedagogical rehabilitation are identified. The results of testing the structural-functional model for implementing the concept of forming social and personal viability of adolescents with deviant behavior, which included two stages of the pedagogical experiment (ascertaining and formative) and was carried out in special boarding educational institutions, are also presented. The formative stage of the pedagogical experiment included three stages. At the first stage of the experiment, the task of forming socially oriented and positively developing personality meaning-and-life attitudes in adolescents with deviant behavior was solved. At the second stage of the experiment, the task of forming adolescents’ readiness to manifest social and personal viability in various real situations of everyday life was solved. At the third stage of the experiment, the problem of forming the experience of implementing the social and personal viability of adolescents in various situations of everyday life was resolved. 2357-1330 © 2020 Published by European Publisher.
Inter-Relationship between Coating Micro/Nanostructure and the Tribological Performance of Zr–C Gradient Coatings

The research presented in this article concerns Zr–C gradient coatings that were deposited on HS6-5-2 steel by reactive magnetron sputtering from the Zr target in appropriately programmed C2H2 mass flow rate, resulting in various profiles of atomic carbon concentrations in the coating and consequently in spatial change of the properties (H, E, …) and behavior (H/E, H3/E2, We). In particular, the characteristic changes in hardness and Young’s modulus in the Zr–C coatings represented approximately by the bell curve, which has a maximum at the content of about 50 at. % C, were an inspiration to study the behavior of gradient coatings with carbon content in the range of 0–50 and 50–85 at. % with the same hardness change profile. The obtained results indicate that, firstly, the gradient of spatial changes in the coating composition increases their resistance to cohesive damage in comparison to non-gradient coatings, and, secondly, the results show that high hardness is a desired property but not sufficient to ensure adequate coating performance. Independently, an appropriate nano/microstructural structure is necessary, which determines their tribological behavior. In particular, in the case of the tested Zr–C coatings, the obtained results indicate that gradient coatings with a carbon content in the range of 50–85 at. % have better properties, characterized by the critical force Lc2, wear, coefficient of friction, H/E and H3/E2 ratios.
Genetic Polymorphism and Association of KAP16.6 Gene with Pashmina Fiber Traits in Changthangi Goats

ABSTRACT Pashmina is the fine undercoat of the Changthangi goats (Capra hircus) with Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) as one of its main structural components. KAPs form a semi-rigid matrix in which the Keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs) are embedded. In the present study, an attempt was made to elucidate the polymorphism of KAP16.6 gene loci and its association with fiber yield and quality traits (fine yield, mean fiber diameter, mean fiber length, and guard hair percentage). A total of 103 animals of Changthangi goats were randomly selected and genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples. After amplification of the coding region of KAP16.6 (254 bp) gene, restriction digestion with HindIII enzyme (AAG/CTT) produced two polymorphic patterns in the Changthangi goats. The genotypic distribution of the designated genotypes A1A1 (0.0), A2A2 (0.379), and A1A2 (0.621) of KAP16.6 gene varied significantly (p < .01) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Missense mutation AGC (Serine) > AAC (Asparagine) was identified at KAP16.6 locus in Changthangi goats for the first time. The genetic variability parameters for the gene loci analyzed were: heterozygosity value 0.4283, PIC: 0.3366, effective allele no 1.7492 and Shannon index (I) of 0.6196. The estimated PIC value reflected median polymorphism exhibited by the Changthangi goat population under study for the selected gene. Statistical analysis further revealed a significant effect of KAP16.6 genotype on the fiber length (p < .05) whereas the effect was nonsignificant for other Pashmina production traits under study. The results from the present study have practical significance in the breeding plans for Changthangi goats in this region for improved production performance.
Observing dynamic and static Rashba effects in a thin layer of 3D hybrid perovskite nanocrystals using transient absorption spectroscopy

The dynamic and static Rashba effects in hybrid methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskites have recently been theoretically predicted. However, only the static effect was experimentally confirmed so far. Here, we report on the dynamic (sub-picosecond/picosecond timescale) and static (nanosecond/microsecond timescale) Rashba effects observed in a fully encapsulated layer with various thicknesses (ranging from ∼40 nm to ∼100 nm) of ∼20-nm-sized 3D MAPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The effect appears as a splitting of the corresponding peaks in TA spectra. We argue that the physical reason for the Rashba effect to be observed is fundamentally determined by configurational entropy loss in NCs possessing a strong spin asymmetry. Specifically, owing to an enhanced flexibility of the NC lattice, a built-in electric field initially induced by an ultrashort (100 fs) pumping pulse through the photo-Dember effect and subsequently developed due to dynamic charge separation throughout NCs is able to initiate the order–disorder transition associated with the MA cation reorientations, the process that efficiently breaks structural inversion symmetry and hence induces the Rashba spin–orbit interaction. The dynamic Rashba effect is found to be strongly dependent on photoexcited carrier density (pumping power), whereas it weakens sharply upon increasing the NC layer thickness up to ∼80 nm due to the NC stacking effect. The integrated intensities of the corresponding spin-split subbands demonstrate a photon-helicity-dependent asymmetry, thus proving the Rashba-type spin-splitting. The magnitudes of the Rashba and Frohlich polaron effects and the methods of controlling the dynamic Rashba effect are discussed.
Study of the Piston Secondary Movement on the Tribological Performance of a Single Cylinder Low-Displacement Diesel Engine

The present study aims to analyze the secondary movement of the piston considering the deformations present in the piston skirt, the hydrodynamic lubrication, and the effects of the clearances in the connecting rod bearings. The analysis of the piston movement is performed by developing a mathematical model, which was used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the piston movement, the slap force on the piston skirt, the effect of the secondary piston movement on the connecting rod, and the influence of clearances in the connecting rod bearings and in the piston. For the study, the geometric of the crankshaft-connecting rod–piston system of a single-cylinder diesel engine is taken as a reference. The deformation model of the piston was carried out by means of a symmetric finite element model (FEM), which was integrated into the mathematical model of the piston. MATLAB® software (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) is used for the development of model simulations. The obtained results show that during the combustion cycle, there are six changes of direction in the secondary movement of the piston with lateral and angular velocities that can reach a magnitude of 0.13 m/s and 4 rad/s. The lateral and angular movement of the piston during its travel causes the appearance of impacts on the piston skirt with the cylinder liner, which produces an increase of approximately 500 N in the hydrodynamic forces in the connecting rod bearings. The force analysis shows that the range of the maximum magnitudes of these forces is between 1900 N and 3480 N. The increase in clearance between the cylinder liner and the piston skirt (Cpc) causes a greater lateral displacement and an increase in the angle of inclination of the piston. Analysis of the change in connecting rod bearing clearance shows that there are critical values in relation to clearance Cpc. The model presented allows us to analyze the different characteristics of the secondary movement of the piston, which involve the interaction between the piston skirt and the cylinder liner. Additionally, the influence of this movement on the connecting rod bearings is considered. The foregoing can be used as an analysis tool for the study of designs and/or modifications in the engine in such a way that greater durability of the components, reductions in acoustic emissions, and reduction in friction losses are achieved.
Knowledge management strategies adopted in agricultural research organizations in East Africa

In previous studies, Knowledge Management (KM) strategies have been examined as objects of organizations, instead of scrutinizing their characteristics or relative quality and content. This study aims to examine the key characteristics of KM strategies in Agricultural Research Organizations (AROs) in East Africa in terms of what exists, what does not exist and why. To comprehensively answer the research questions and understand the phenomena under investigation the study adopted a pragmatism paradigm to allow facts and concerns to arise from the context. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed using semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and a questionnaire respectively. A novel empirical description and explanation of the key characteristics of KM strategies in AROs in East Africa is presented. The study identifies the key concepts and gaps in the characteristics of KM strategies and elucidates what AROs in East Africa should do differently to coherently formulate and execute KM strategies in practice. The main characteristics of KM strategies in AROs in East Africa are practicability, technology-focus, alignment, implementation processes and relevance. Through abstraction and theorization of the key concepts, a detailed description and explanation as a reference for scholars and practitioners in the KM field is provided. Further, the study highlights context as an important and relevant perspective in particularizing the characteristics of a KM strategy and interpretation of related empirical findings. Future studies can use the concepts presented in this study to develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the characteristics of KM strategies in organizations. The idea of linking the study outcome to an empirical situation is a novel contribution. The findings of this study shed new insights that confirm that understanding characteristics of KM strategies is beneficial to practitioners and scholars.
Mobile Phone Ownership and Welfare: Evidence from South Africa's Household Survey

Digitalization is accelerating as countries fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the impact of mobile phone ownership on welfare (represented by consumption) is estimated for South Africa using rich household survey data in a panel format, the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) with 5 waves spanning 2008–17. The literature argues mobile phone ownership facilitates greater and more affordable access to information and generate welfare gains. We attempt to disentangle the two-way relationship between consumption and mobile phone ownership, which is inherently difficult, and add to the literature by investigating distributional effects. Estimated results suggest that consumption of mobile phone owners tends to be 10–20 percent above that of non-owners. Benefits tend to accrue more on individuals with relatively low levels of consumption, potentially as a greater number of new users, likely with higher marginal positive effects on consumption, and a faster rate of user cost reduction help reap greater gains.