Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Information Processing: A Survey

Temporal Information Processing is a subfield of Natural Language Processing, valuable in many tasks like Question Answering and Summarization. Temporal Information Processing is broadened, ranging from classical theories of time and language to current computational approaches for Temporal Information Extraction. This later trend consists on the automatic extraction of events and temporal expressions. Such issues have attracted great attention especially with the development of annotated corpora and annotations schemes mainly TimeBank and TimeML. In this paper, we give a survey of Temporal Information Extraction from Natural Language texts.
Exploiting quaternions to support expressive interactive character motion

A real-time motion engine for interactive synthetic characters, either virtual or physical, needs to allow expressivity and interactivity of motion in order to maintain the illusion of life. Canned animation examples from an animator or motion capture device are expressive, but not very interactive, often leading to repetition. Conversely, numerical procedural techniques such as Inverse Kinematics (IK) tend to be very interactive, but often appear “robotic” and require parameter tweaking by hand. We argue for the use of hybrid examplebased learning techniques to incorporate expert knowledge of character motion in the form of animations into an interactive procedural engine. Example-based techniques require appropriate distance metrics, statistical analysis and synthesis primitives, along with the ability to blend examples; furthermore, many machine learning techniques are sensitive to the choice of representation. We show that a quaternion representation of the orientation of a joint affords us computational efficiency along with mathematical robustness, such as avoiding gimbal lock in the Euler angle representation. We show how to use quaternions and their exponential mappings to create distance metrics on character poses, perform simple statistical analysis of joint motion limits and blend multiple poses together. We demonstrate these joint primitives on three techniques which we consider useful for combining animation knowledge with procedural algorithms: 1) pose blending, 2) joint motion statistics and 3) expressive IK. We discuss several projects designed using these primitives and offer insights for programmers building real-time motion engines for expressive interactive characters. Thesis Supervisor: Bruce M. Blumberg Title: Asahi Broadcasting Corporation Career Development Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences
Impacts of Early Life Adversity on Microbiota and Immune Functioning in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder

Early life stress may contribute to depression vulnerability, possibly through immune system development and gut microbial colonization patterns. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and differences in gut microbiota composition have been seen in depressed individuals. The current study investigated inflammatory and bacterial profiles of 39 individuals with a current major depressive episode and 43 healthy volunteers with varying severity of childhood trauma. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6/IL-10 ratios was positively correlated with depression severity, and childhood trauma explained variance in severity of symptoms above and beyond that accounted for by the IL-6/IL-10 ratios. Expression of Faecalibacterium prausnitzi (F. prausnitzi) in stool was decreased in depressed participants compared to healthy controls. Importantly, this relationship was significant only in participants who had experienced moderate-to-severe physical neglect. These findings suggest a relationship between particular gut bacteria and depressive symptoms that is dependent on the presence of specific types of early life trauma.
CONCORDANCE BETWEEN ENDOSCOPIC & HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRITIS IN THE DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS

Objective: The aim of this research work is to determine the agreement between endoscopic diagnosis & histological identification of the gastritis in the patients suffering from dyspepsia. Methodology: All the patients suffering from dyspepsia who faced UGIE (Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy) for the detection of gastritis with the help of endoscopy and existing biopsy report from 2016 to 2018 in the DHQ Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan and various other hospitals of Dera Ghazi Khan, were the part of this research work. The skilled professional of endoscopy molded a global impact on the availability or otherwise of gastritis in accordance with the System of Sydney. Patients suffering from ulcer, its development and any other identification with the help of endoscopy distant from gastritis were not the part of this research work. We took at least 2 gastric biopsies from the mucosa with inflammation for the proof of gastritis through histology with the utilization of the biopsy forceps. Results: There were total one hundred and twelve patients in which forty-four were males and sixty-eight were females, as part of this research work with an average age of 41.950 years. The very frequent symptom faced by the most of the patients was epigastric discomfort present in 92.0% (n: 103) patients. In all the patients, the diagnosis with endoscopy was gastritis. The reports of biopsy displayed chronic gastritis in 97.30% (n: 109) patients. Conclusion: The results of this research work conclude that there is excellent concordance of outcome of gastritis through endoscopy with every patient of gastritis. Key Words: Endoscopy, Concordance, Biopsy, Gastritis, Utilization, Diagnosis, Professional, Histology, Inflammation.
Equivalencing of Large Wind Farms: Modelling, Simplification and Verification

Abstract This paper presents a technique for developing an equivalent model for a large-scale wind farms that captures the important electrical transients of interest that arise during power system disturbances. The layout of the wind farm, the size and type of conductors used, and the diversity in wind speed all influence the performance of the equivalent model during disturbances. The grouping algorithm focuses on the transient interaction of individual wind turbines and represents the detailed model by a multi-machine equivalent. The equivalencing procedure is illustrated through case studies that are modelled and verified using DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulations. A good comparison is achieved for all simulation scenarios while comparing the equivalent and detailed models. Equivalent models derived on the basis of this proposed approach reduce the computation effort without significant loss in accuracy, which will be especially useful while assessing large-scale wind farm integration.
Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Skeletal Muscle Retards Muscle and Trabecular Bone Loss in Aged Rats

Electrical stimulation (ES)-induced muscle contraction has multiple effects; however, mechano-responsiveness of bone tissue declines with age. Here, we investigated whether daily low-frequency ES-induced muscle contraction treatment reduces muscle and bone loss and ameliorates bone fragility in early-stage disuse musculoskeletal atrophy in aged rats. Twenty-seven-month-old male rats were assigned to age-matched groups comprising the control (CON), sciatic nerve denervation (DN), or DN with direct low-frequency ES (DN+ES) groups. The structural and mechanical properties of the trabecular and cortical bone of the tibiae, and the morphological and functional properties of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were assessed one week after DN. ES-induced muscle contraction force mitigated denervation-induced muscle and trabecular bone loss and deterioration of the mechanical properties of the tibia mid-diaphysis, such as the stiffness, but not the maximal load, in aged rats. The TA muscle in the DN+ES group showed significant improvement in the myofiber cross-sectional area and muscle force relative to the DN group. These results suggest that low-frequency ES-induced muscle contraction treatment retards trabecular bone and muscle loss in aged rats in early-stage disuse musculoskeletal atrophy, and has beneficial effects on the functional properties of denervated skeletal muscle.
Outcome of the surgical management of single versus comminuted fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum

IntroductionPosterior wall fractures of the acetabulum account for 1/3rd of all acetabulum fractures. The comminuted fractures managed surgically have poor outcomes in 30% patients even after anatomical reduction and fixation. The choice of fixation, anatomical reduction and stable fixation are important for better outcomes. Materials And MethodsA total of 27 patients with a minimum age of 18 years were included in the study and managed surgically by fixation by buttress plates and screws in all patients by the Kocher Langenback approach. They were followed up for a minimum follow up of 1 year for their clinical and radiological outcomes. The outcome was assessed at the final follow up as per the Merle de’Aubigne score. ResultsThe post-operative reduction was anatomical in 18 patients, good in 7 and poor in 2. The clinical outcome as per the modified Merle de’Aubigne score at the final follow up was found to be excellent in 12 (44.4%), good in 8 (29.6%), fair in 3 (11.1%) and poor in 4 (14.8%). The radiological outcome was evaluated as per Matta’s criteria and was found to be excellent in 13 (48.1%), good in 5 (18.5%), fair in 4 (14.8%) and poor in 5 (18.5%). ConclusionSupplementing the screw fixation of the posterior wall by plates allow for early mobilization of the patients leads to more favorable results in isolated single posterior wall fragment as compared to comminuted posterior wall fragment.
Neuro-dynamic programming overview and a case study in optimal stopping

We discuss some of the main ideas underlying neuro-dynamic programming. This methodology has significant potential as a general approach to approximately solving a wide variety of complex stochastic control problems. However, though neuro-dynamic programming algorithms have generated promising results in a number of applications, the algorithms that have been most successful are not well-understood at a theoretical level. As a case study in the development of theory in support of such algorithms, we propose an algorithm for solving optimal stopping problems, and we provide theoretical results concerning convergence and approximation error. Though this algorithm is customized for optimal stopping problems, it retains the key features seen in the most popular neuro-dynamic programming methods, and its analysis might therefore serve as a starting point for the study of methods of broader scope. The applicability of the algorithm is illustrated through a computational case study involving the pricing of a path-dependent financial derivative security that gives rise to an optimal stopping problem with a one-hundred-dimensional state space.
A Webpage Structure Processing Algorithm

Research in user preference-based automatic processing on the web, web page content adaptation for a small screen and informative value of web pages have resulted in the design and implementation of an algorithm, called the Domain Heritage-algorithm. This algorithm extends the functionality of the Page Tailor toolkit; a program that is the result of C-Y Tsai’s thesis “Web Page Tailoring Tool for Mobile Devices”. The algorithm extending the toolkit enables automatic processing of web pages where preferences on which parts to be displayed have not been stored. The Domain Heritage-algorithm will not work unless at least one web page of the specific domain visited has been personalised previously. This extended toolkit has then been tested on ten subjects and a number of web sites. The test results were pretty much in accordance with the expectations, but the test subjects’ experience in using the Page Tailor toolkit was found to be quite influential on the rate of successful running of the algorithm. Three major conclusions are made. The first one is that too much editing of the appearance of web page content can result in loss of informative value and successful totally automatic extraction of web page content needs semantic processing. Further, XPaths has been a good choice of data for the algorithm to process as the results of the Big Oanalysis of the running time were acceptable, and that it was possible to implement the algorithm in the existing software. Finally, previous experience in usage of the Page Tailor toolkit, as well as more than one personalised web page is essential to the successful running of the Domain Heritagealgorithm.
Real-time batch sequencing using arrival time control algorithm

This paper proposes a new feedback control method for batch sequencing in process industries where meeting customer due-date is important. Specifically, short-term batch sequencing for Just-In-Time is solved using an arrival time control approach. An integral controller embedded in each order adjusts the arrival time in real-time using the feedback obtained from a fast-mode simulation of the batch processing system. The applicability of the proposed batch sequencing method for the Penn State University Creamery is studied. Comparison of due-date performance with commonly used dispatching rules is presented. The proposed method has also been tested for general batch processing systems and has been found to produce good, feasible schedules with significantly better performance than the dispatching rules in terms of due-date deviation minimization.
Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods

The purpose of this review was to provide a physiological rationale for the use of eccentric resistance training and to provide an overview of the most commonly prescribed eccentric training methods. Based on the existing literature, there is a strong physiological rationale for the incorporation of eccentric training into a training program for an individual seeking to maximize muscle size, strength, and power. Specific adaptations may include an increase in muscle cross-sectional area, force output, and fiber shortening velocities, all of which have the potential to benefit power production characteristics. Tempo eccentric training, flywheel inertial training, accentuated eccentric loading, and plyometric training are commonly implemented in applied contexts. These methods tend to involve different force absorption characteristics and thus, overload the muscle or musculotendinous unit in different ways during lengthening actions. For this reason, they may produce different magnitudes of improvement in hypertrophy, strength, and power. The constraints to which they are implemented can have a marked effect on the characteristics of force absorption and therefore, could affect the nature of the adaptive response. However, the versatility of the constraints when prescribing these methods mean that they can be effectively implemented to induce these adaptations within a variety of populations.
Mobility management based on the integration of mobile IP and session initiation protocol in next generation mobile data networks

For a mobile node that uses both mobile IP and session initiation protocol (SIP), there is severe redundant registration overhead because the mobile node has to make location registration separately to the home agent for mobile IP and to the home registrar for SIP. Therefore, we propose two new IP mobility management methods that integrate both mobile IP and SIP. Performance comparisons are made among previous method, which makes separate registration for the mobile IP and SIP without integration, and our two integrated methods. Numerical results show that proposed methods efficiently reduce the amount of signaling messages related to the location registration and handoff.
Computer Mediation of Collaborative Science Investigations

A prototype for the use of local area network (LAN) technology in schools was developed for the purpose of creating a microcosm of scientific activity in the classroom. Building on established classroom practices of cooperative learning groups and inquiry activities, Earth Lab developed a special sixth grade earth science curriculum and supporting network software. A year-long formative experiment in a public elementary school provided evidence that the network system helped to increase the amount of small group investigations that teachers organized both in earth science and in other parts of the curriculum. The network also helped to reorganize the group investigations so that groups contributed to a common database made available by the network. It was found that LAN technology can be used to coordinate small group investigations such that students contribute to classwide investigations and that these larger investigations can provide an interpretive framework which can be exploited in class discussions synthesizing the small group contributions.
Learning curve for robot-assisted lobectomy of lung cancer.

Background Robotic lobectomy is widely used for lung cancer treatment. So far, few studies have been performed to systematically analyze the learning curve. Our purpose is to define the learning curve to provide a training guideline of this technique. Methods A total of 208 consecutive patients with primary lung cancer who underwent robotic-assisted lobectomy by our surgical team were enrolled in this study. Baseline information and postoperative outcomes were collected. Learning curves were then analyzed using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method. Patients were divided into three groups according to the cut-off points of the learning curve. Intraoperative characteristics and short-term outcomes were compared among the three groups. Results CUSUM plots revealed that the docking time, console time and total surgical time in patients were 20, 34 and 32 cases, respectively. Comparison of the surgical time among the 3 phases revealed that the total surgical time (197.03±27.67, 152.61±21.07, 141.35±29.11 min, P<0.001), console time (150.97±26.13, 103.89±18.04, 97.49±24.80 min, P<0.001) and docking time (13.53±2.08, 11.95±1.10, 11.89±1.49 min, P<0.001) were decreased significantly. Estimated blood loss differed among groups (90.63±45.41, 87.63±59.84, 60.29±28.59 mL, P=0.001) and was associated with shorter operative time. There was no conversion or 30-day mortality. No significant differences were observed among other clinic-pathological characteristics among the groups. Conclusions For a surgeon, the learning time of robotic lobectomy was in the 32th operation. For a bedside assistant, at least 20 cases were required to achieve the level of optimal docking.
A practical method for computing vertex covers for large graphs

The authors present a new heuristic solution technique for the vertex cover problem. This technique is computationally efficient for very large graphs containing thousands of vertices and edges. It is based upon a general heuristic problem solving framework known as parallel dynamic interaction (PDI). A novel aspect of PDI is that it employs an inherently parallel computational structure that is easily implementable on shared memory multiprocessors of modest size. Empirical data indicate that PDI consistently outperforms other reported vertex cover heuristics, including those that require orders of magnitude greater execution time. <<ETX>>
A new way to predict horizontal growth of maxilla and mandible in children of age 9 to 18 years using lateral cephalograms

Introduction: The aim of this study is to predict the horizontal growth of maxilla and mandible by using lateral cephalograms. Materials and Method: Lateral cephalograms of 30 skeletal class I patients (15 males and 15 females) were acquired from the records in Department of Orthodontics and named as Age group I - 9 to 11yrs. Lateral cephalograms of same patients requiring orthodontic treatment with minimal dental malocclusion were repeated at age 11 to 14yrs and at age 15 to 18yrs and named as Age group II and Age group III respectively. Lateral cephalograms were traced by only one examiner. The perpendicular was drawn from 70 up SN plane through point sella (S) downward to mandible. On this perpendicular line horizontal perpendiculars drawn from point A, point B and point Gnathion (Gn) to obtain point R, point G and point C respectively. Growth distance for maxilla – point R to point A, growth distance for mandible- point G to point B and point C to point Gn were measured and compared statistically. Results: Growth distance variables for maxilla and mandible compared between all three age groups were statistically highly significant. While comparing between males and females highly significant difference found only for maxillary growth variable i.e. point R to point A. Conclusions: Measuring Growth distance using lateral cephalograms can be used to predict horizontal growth of maxilla and mandible. Study on larger sample is required to test the accuracy of this growth prediction method. Keywords: Horizontal Growth Prediction, Maxilla and Mandible
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCAPULAR AND CORE MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES

Aim: Context: Scapular and core muscle endurance is known to reduce risk of injury and improve performance. But, there was no study investigating relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in athletes. Aim: To identify relationship between scapular and core muscle endurance in professional athletes. Material and Methods: Fifty-two professional athletes (basketball, football and handball players) (age:19.88Â±5.98, BMI:21.65Â±2.82) were included in study. Scapular muscle endurance was assessed with scapular endurance test. Core muscle endurance was evaluated using McGill core endurance tests (trunk flexion, Sorensan test, and the side bridge) and prone bridge test. Results: Spearman correlation analysis results showed that a positive moderate correlation was found between scapular endurance and prone bridge test (r:0.524, p:0.000). Scapular endurance test was shown to have positive correlations with Sorensen test (r:0.292, p:0.039). Conclusion: Scapular and core muscle endurance is very important in performance and identifying risk of injury. As a result of this study, it can be seen that in athletes, scapular muscle endurance increases as core muscle endurance increases. This suggests that development of scapular and core muscle endurance in athletes is necessary for performance and for prevention of injuries. There is need for additional studies to investigate effect of scapular and core muscle endurance on performance and injury risk in athletes.
A conventional approach to expert systems development

We present a practical approach to implement existing expert system specification concepts. The approach is based on the previous development of expert system primitives where the focus was on the orthogonality and functionality of the primitives rather than their application aspect. An important objective is to formulate a software paradigm to enable existing expert system primitives to be combined into various expert system tools where different types of expert systems can be constructed. Expert systems built this way have been tested in telecommunications and are moving towards practical use. <<ETX>>