Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Edwardsiella ictaluri from Cultured Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Red-head disease (RHD) is one of the most common diseases of unknown etiology in cultured yellow catfish. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the etiology of RHD in recent outbreaks in Sichuan Province, China. Two dominant bacteria (CHNCY001 and CHNCY002) were isolated from RHD in Xinjin and Meishan Counties. Characteristics found by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests showed that the two strains were the same and similar to Edwardsiella ictaluri, but had atypical characteristics in that they tested positive for urease and methyl red. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strains were highly homogeneous with E. ictaluri. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis by 16S rRNA, both isolates were identified as E ictaluri. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled using the strains in healthy yellow catfish. Mortality was 100% when the isolates were injected intraperitoneally (2.7 and 1.8 × 10 6 cfu/fish) and 60-65% when catfish were immersed in the isolates (3.4 and 4.2 × 10 7 cfu/ml). The isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, florfenicol, fradiomycin, and lomefloxacin, but not to acetylspiramycin, ampicillin, azithromycin, medemycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, sinomin (SMZ/TMP), and sulfamethoxazole.
Additive effects of metal excess and superoxide, a highly toxic mixture in bacteria

Heavy metal contamination is a serious environmental problem. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms may allow to lower concentration of metals in the metal‐based antimicrobial treatments of crops, and reduce metal content in soil and groundwater. Here, we investigate the interplay between metal efflux systems and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus and other bacteria through analysis of the impact of metal accumulation. Exposure of the Cd2+‐efflux mutant ΔcadA to Cd2+ caused an increase in the amount and activity of the cytosolic Fe‐Sod SodB, thereby suggesting a role of SodB in the protection against Cd2+. In support of this conclusion, inactivation of sodB gene in the ΔcadA cells alleviated detoxification of superoxide and enhanced Cd2+ toxicity. Similar findings were described in the Cu+‐efflux mutant with Cu+. Induction of the Mn‐Sod or Fe‐Sod in response to metals in other bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Vibrio cholera and Bacillus subtilis, was also shown. Both excess Cd2+ or Cu+ and superoxide can damage [4Fe‐4S] clusters. The additive effect of metal and superoxide on the [4Fe‐4S] could therefore explain the hypersensitive phenotype in mutants lacking SOD and the efflux ATPase. These findings underscore that ROS defence system becomes decisive for bacterial survival under metal excess.
Características da fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de milho inoculadas com Bacillus subtilis

The aim with this present study to evaluate the effects of inoculation of Bacillus subtilis on the fermentation characteristics and losses, on the development of yeasts and molds and aerobic stability of corn silages. The corn studied was the hybrid 2B655 with the next treatments: untreated silage (control) and corn silages inoculated with B. subtilis in the concentrations of 5x104; 1x105 and 5x105cfu/g of fresh forage. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot, in which the silage was the main plots and the exposure times aerobic sub-plots with four replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using SISVAR ® software, applying regression analysis to 5% significance level. The inoculation of B. subtilis did not alter the fermentation characteristics and losses. The yeast count was reduced at the time of opening of the silo, as the molds population decreased during the air exposure, which resulted in lower pH values. These facts resulted in increase aerobic stability when the highest dose of B. subtilis was applied. The inoculation of B. subtilis in the concentration of 5x105cfu/g forage controls the growth of yeasts and improves the aerobic stability in corn silage, while maintaining the pH more stable in the post-opening of the silos.
Uncovering diversity of Australian Eucalyptus‐constrained felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae)

Several felt scale (Eriococcidae) lineages show deep, phylogenetically constrained, host use. The most diverse of these host‐constrained lineages is Australian, associated with plants in the family Myrtaceae, and the most diverse sublineage within this group is associated with Eucalyptus. Here we use Bayesian analysis of morphological data to estimate relationships among the eucalypt‐feeding species of this group. We identify an unusual species for which we erect the monotypic genus Heathcotia Hardy & Beardsley gen.n. , with type species Heathcotia crypta Hardy & Beardsley sp.n. , and recover a clade comprised of six new species closely related to Lachnodius hirtus Maskell. We erect the genus Lobimargo Hardy & Gullan gen.n. for the latter clade, designate Lobimargo sagittisetus Hardy & Beardsley sp.n. as its type species, transfer Lachnodius hirtus to the genus as Lobimargo hirtus (Maskell) comb.n. and describe the five other new species: Lobimargo brookesae Hardy & Beardsley sp.n. ,Lobimargo donaldsoni Hardy & Gullan sp.n. , Lobimargo latrobeus Hardy & Beardsley sp.n. , Lobimargo rhipidotrichus Hardy & Gullan sp.n. and Lobimargo williamsi Hardy & Gullan sp.n. A lectotype is designated for L. hirtus. The adult female of each species, the first‐instar nymph of L. sagittisetus, the second‐instar female of L. hirtus and the adult male of L. williamsi are described and illustrated. A key is provided to the adult females of all eriococcid genera found on eucalypts and of all Lobimargo species. Adult females of Lobimargo have been found on stems, sometimes causing shallow pits, and on foliage or under bark, but may move to the latter habitat for oviposition.
BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF AEGLE MARMELOS EXTRACTS ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Pathogenic microorganisms are effectively controlled by making use of modern combined antibiotics. Improper and overuse of antibiotics cause various side effects and creates resistance among bacterial pathogens. To overcome these problems peoples turned towards the use of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents. Aegle marmelos fruit pulp is an efficient traditional phytomedicine used for the treatment of various infections. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit pulp s were determined using disc diffusion, modified agar dilution methods. MIC, MBC, Percentage of inhibition and IC50were calculated using modified drug dilution method. The results showed that the fruit pulp extracts of A. marmelos have antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. Ethanolic extracts showed the highest inhibition zone of 16.0±1.0mm diameter against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant extracts were shown to have a best MIC at 150±050µg/ml for ethanolic extract and 216.6±028.8 µg/ml for aqueous extract. Percentage of inhibition created by the extracts against the pathogens varied from 47.6% to 92. 6% 2ith best activity against Escherichia coli by both the extracts. Effective IC50 exhibited by ethanolic extract 112.9 µg/ml concentrations against E.
Alterations in Violinists’ Practice Behaviors in Response to Differing Technical Demands in the Material

The pedagogical literature strongly suggests that when a musician works on a specific piece of repertoire, one should choose practice strategies tailored to the challenges presented by that material. Such a behavioral choice could represent an instantiation of focused and deliberate practice, a critical aspect of the relationship between experience and the acquisition of expertise. However, most of the literature investigating individual practice has used a single stimulus for all participants, or else has employed surveys or other proxy measures of practicing behavior. In this study, participants of three different experience levels (high school, collegiate, or professional violinists) practiced three excerpts, each featuring a different signature challenge. Results suggest that practice is highly idiosyncratic, that participants do adjust their approaches to the challenges of the material, but that individuals of differing experience levels identify remarkably similar problems within the material.
Introduction to the skeletochronological method in amphibians and reptiles

La technique squelettochronologique implique le traitement de coupes fines d'os decalcifies avec coloration a l'hematoxyline. Grâce a cette technique on a pu mettre en evidence la periodicite annuelle des couches d'os chez les amphibiens et les reptiles, et les possibilites variees de son utilisation dans les etudes de determination de l'âge et sur la croissance sont courammant demontrees dans les etudes recentes.
Enhancing Care Coordination for Students with Type 1 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Care coordination for chronic health conditions is critical to academic success, yet concrete strategies on its operationalization in schools are not well reported in the literature. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one such condition that requires a team-based approach to care coordination. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how care coordination for T1D currently operates and identify strategies for its support and facilitation in schools. METHODS Focus groups were conducted with school nurses, parents of T1D children, and providers in each of the 9 Educational Service Districts in Washington State. Recorded notes were analyzed using content analytic techniques. RESULTS Five major themes emerged from the data, each with 3 to 4 second-order themes. Care coordination depended on family, school, and child developmental contexts, knowledge/experience about T1D among school nurses, teachers, parents, and providers, access and availability of team members, communication, and relationships. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of a contextualized and holistic perspective of facilitators and barriers to care coordination in schools. Promoting the development of supportive relationships and effective team-based approaches provides a foundation and informs intersectional care coordination for all children with chronic conditions.
Black African Newcomer Women’s Perception of Postpartum Mental Health Services in Canada

Study Background The stress of immigrating, settling into Canada, and being a new mother, may place newcomer women at risk of mental health challenges. However, little is known on Black African newcomer women’s perspectives of postpartum mental health care after experiencing childbirth in Canada. Purpose To explore sociocultural factors that impact Black African newcomer women’s perception of mental health and mental health service utilization within a year after childbirth in Canada. Methods This qualitative study, set in Southern Ontario, purposively sampled 10 African newcomer women who birthed a baby in Canada within the past year. Open-ended, semistructured interviews were conducted individually, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Black African newcomer women rely on mental strength, nonmedical treatment preferences, spirituality, and spousal support for fostering postpartum mental health. Furthermore, cultural beliefs, racial discrimination, and temporary immigration status impact their decision making around postpartum mental health services utilization. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Black African newcomer women use mental strength to minimize maternal mental illness. Also, the spouses of Black African newcomer women are crucial in their postpartum mental health support. There is an urgent need for culturally safe interventions to meet the postpartum mental health needs of Black African newcomer mothers.
Pseudouridylation defect due to DKC1 and NOP10 mutations causes nephrotic syndrome with cataracts, hearing impairment, and enterocolitis

Significance Isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes. In ribosomal RNA (rRNA), this process of pseudouridylation is catalyzed by a ribonucleoprotein complex. Mutations of this complex were formerly identified in mucocutaneous and developmental abnormalities, resulting from telomere attrition. Here, we identified complementary mutations in two proteins of the complex, affecting the highly conserved pseudouridylation catalytic site, associated with a phenotype characterized by renal, ocular, intestinal, and auditory features, alongside reduced pseudouridine in rRNA and telomere attrition. Using a zebrafish model, we provide supporting evidence that this phenotype results from ribosomal dysfunction arising from a pseudouridylation defect of rRNAs. Together, this describes a phenotype associated with the disruption of the most abundant RNA modification. RNA modifications play a fundamental role in cellular function. Pseudouridylation, the most abundant RNA modification, is catalyzed by the H/ACA small ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex that shares four core proteins, dyskerin (DKC1), NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1. Mutations in DKC1, NOP10, or NHP2 cause dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a disorder characterized by telomere attrition. Here, we report a phenotype comprising nephrotic syndrome, cataracts, sensorineural deafness, enterocolitis, and early lethality in two pedigrees: males with DKC1 p.Glu206Lys and two children with homozygous NOP10 p.Thr16Met. Females with heterozygous DKC1 p.Glu206Lys developed cataracts and sensorineural deafness, but nephrotic syndrome in only one case of skewed X-inactivation. We found telomere attrition in both pedigrees, but no mucocutaneous abnormalities suggestive of DC. Both mutations fall at the dyskerin–NOP10 binding interface in a region distinct from those implicated in DC, impair the dyskerin–NOP10 interaction, and disrupt the catalytic pseudouridylation site. Accordingly, we found reduced pseudouridine levels in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the patients. Zebrafish dkc1 mutants recapitulate the human phenotype and show reduced 18S pseudouridylation, ribosomal dysregulation, and a cell-cycle defect in the absence of telomere attrition. We therefore propose that this human disorder is the consequence of defective snoRNP pseudouridylation and ribosomal dysfunction.
Imaging genomics discovery of a new risk variant for Alzheimer's disease in the postsynaptic SHARPIN gene

Abstract Molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are difficult to investigate, partly because diagnosis lags behind the insidious pathological processes. Therefore, identifying AD neuroimaging markers and their genetic modifiers may help study early mechanisms of neurodegeneration. We aimed to identify brain regions of the highest vulnerability to AD using a data‐driven search in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 1,100 subjects), and further explored genetic variants affecting this critical brain trait using both ADNI and the younger UK Biobank cohort (n = 8,428 subjects). Tensor‐Based Morphometry (TBM) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) identified the limbic system and its interconnecting white‐matter as the most AD‐vulnerable brain feature. Whole‐genome analysis revealed a common variant in SHARPIN that was associated with this imaging feature (rs34173062, p = 2.1 × 10−10). This genetic association was validated in the UK Biobank, where it was correlated with entorhinal cortical thickness bilaterally (p = .002 left and p = 8.6 × 10−4 right), and with parental history of AD (p = 2.3 × 10−6). Our findings suggest that neuroanatomical variation in the limbic system and AD risk are associated with a novel variant in SHARPIN. The role of this postsynaptic density gene product in β1‐integrin adhesion is in line with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular signaling pathway and the recent genome‐wide evidence.
Fallibility in Science: Responding to Errors in the Work of Oneself and Others

Ph.D. student David has run a series of studies trying to find a positive effect of brain stimulation on language comprehension in stroke patients. After three studies with null findings, he has changed the design in various ways and is overjoyed when the fourth study gives a statistically significant effect. His article is published in a prestigious, high-impact journal, with David as first author and his eminent supervisor as last author.
An overview of the pathfinder clinical trials program: Long‐term efficacy and safety of N8‐GP in patients with hemophilia A

N8‐GP (turoctocog alfa pegol, Esperoct®; Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) is a state‐of‐the‐art, extended half‐life factor VIII (FVIII) molecule used for prophylactic and on‐demand treatment of patients with hemophilia A. The pathfinder clinical trial program, which began with the pathfinder1 trial in 2010, was developed to assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of N8‐GP in children, adolescents, and adults. The pivotal pathfinder2 (adolescents and adults) and pathfinder5 (children) trials were completed in late 2018, and comprehensive analyses of the end‐of‐trial results are published together with this article as part of an N8‐GP Supplement. Furthermore, results from the pathfinder3 trial, which was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of N8‐GP during major surgery, have also recently been finalized. Here, we provide an overview of the pathfinder clinical development program and summarize key data from the completed pathfinder trials. We also provide perspectives on the future of extended half‐life FVIII molecules in the treatment of patients with hemophilia A and describe currently ongoing pathfinder trials.
Genetic Relationship Between Foliage Yield and its Biochemical Components in Vegetable Amaranth

ABSTRACT Vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is an alternative source of protein and nutrients in developing countries. The investigation was undertaken to examine genetic variability and genetic and phenotypic associations for foliage yield and quality traits to improve vegetable amaranth. The objective was to obtain high foliage-yielding varieties rich in nutritional components. There was considerable natural and genetic variability in the quality traits. The genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation were high for Cu and Mn and moderate for chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, Fe, Ni, and Zn. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain occurred for all traits except for moisture, fiber, total phenol content, and carbohydrate content. The phenotypic correlation between foliage yield and carotenoid content was significant and positive. Chl a, protein, carbohydrate, total phenol, and Fe had positive direct effects on foliage yield. The elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn and Chl a and b were major contributing traits toward foliage yield. Strains AV-55, AV-61, and AV-62 were best for foliage yield or quality traits in vegetable amaranth. Selection strategies based on these traits could enhance foliage yield in vegetable amaranth.
A machine vision system for tracking population behavior of zooplankton in small-scale experiments: a case study on salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1838) copepodite population responses to different light stimuli

ABSTRACT To achieve efficient and preventive measures against salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1838) infestation, a better understanding of behavioral patterns of the planktonic life stages is key. To investigate light responses in L. salmonis copepodites, a non-intrusive experimental system was designed to measure behavioral responses in a 12.5-l volume using machine vision technology and methodology. The experimental system successfully tracked the collective movement patterns of the sea lice population during exposure to different light stimuli emitted from alternating zones in the system. This system could further be used to study behavioral responses to different physical cues of various developmental stages of sea lice or other zooplankton. Summary: A suggested method for tracking large populations (n=200) of small (<1 mm length) zooplankton for behavior study when exposed to stimuli.
FDG PET correlates weakly with HIF-1α expression in solid tumors: a meta-analysis

Background Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a key role in hypoxic adaptation of tumor cells. Overexpression of HIF-1α is associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in several malignancies. Presumably, expression of HIF-1a may be reflected by positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2 [fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There are inconsistent data about relationships between FDG PET and HIF-1α. Purpose To provide evident data about associations between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and HIF-1α expression in solid tumors. Material and Methods MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were screened for relationships between SUV and HIF-1α up to August 2019. Overall, 21 studies with 1154 patients were identified. The following data were extracted from the literature: authors; year of publication; number of patients; and correlation coefficients. Results Correlation coefficients between SUVmax and HIF-1α were in the range of −0.51–0.71. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14–0.41). Furthermore, correlation coefficients for some tumor entities were calculated. For this sub-analysis, data for primary tumors with >2 reports were included. The calculated correlation coefficients in the analyzed subgroups were as follows: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: ρ = 0.25 (95% CI = 0.07–0.42); non-small lung cell cancer: ρ = 0.27 (95% CI = −0.14–0.67); uterine cervical cancer: ρ = −0.09 (95% CI = −0.89–0.71); thymic tumors: ρ = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.04–0.58). Conclusion SUVmax of FDG PET correlated weakly with expression of HIF-1α both in overall sample and tumor subgroups. Therefore, FDG PET cannot be used for prediction of hypoxia in clinical practice.
The effect of sowing date and row spacing on yield and yield components on Hashem chickpea variety under rainfed condition

In order to investigate the impacts of sowing date and row spacing on yield and yield components of Hashem chickpea variety, a field experiment was conducted in 2005 at farm of Dorood Faraman (Kermanshah-Iran). In this study, the sowing date in three level (6, 23 November and 6 December) and the row spacing in three level on rows (20, 30 and 40 cm) were evaluated with complete randomized block design in factorial arrangement. Results of experiment showed that there are significant differences for planting date and planting density effects of plant height, number of branch per plant, distance between 1 st pod to soil, number of pod per plant, number of grain per plant, biological yield and grain yield. The maximum grain yield belongs to sowing date 6 November and row spacing 30 cm. However maximum number of pod per plant and grain per plant belong to 40 cm row spacing but higher number of pod and grain per unit area in 20 cm row spacing results in increasing grain yield in this row spacing. Results show increasing planting density resulted in decreased yield components, but on the other hand increased plant number compensated for decrease of yield components. Also we found that planting at 6 th December had higher distance of pod from soil surface and thus easier for mechanized harvesting.