Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Identification of Five Arboviruses from Hematophagous Mosquitoes and Midges Captured in Some Parts of Northern Turkey

Background: Whether zoonotic or not, arboviral infections are continuing to be a major threat to human health as well as the livestock industry all around the world. This project presented the results of the identification study on five arboviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), Bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, Bluetongue virus, and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, in mosquitos and midges from eight provinces of the Black Sea Region. Methods: During 2011 and 2012, 3193 mosquitoes were captured around natural streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds using dry-baited miniature light-traps. Identification studies were concluded by employing molecular methods. Results: According to the morphological identification, blood-sucking mosquitoes and biting-midges belonged to Aedes (44.69%), Anopheles (28.34%), Culex (22.14%) and Culicoides (4.83%) species. Overall, 146 pools were made up of captured mosquitos and midges. None of the five viruses were directly identified by mosquitoes. Conclusion: Mosquitoes and midges have got a crucial role in the transmission of arboviruses. The risk of occurrence for the investigated arboviruses will continue depending upon many factors including the presence of these viruses in Turkey and its neighboring countries, uncontrolled livestock movements, global warming and climate changes.
The Effects of Mg Deficiency on Activities and Isoenzyme Patterns of Antioxidant Enzymes in Cotton Roots

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient that takes vital roles in biochemical processes related to energy metabolism, regulation of enzyme activity, nucleic acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Mg deficiency in arable lands is an emerging problem. Loss of balance in different metabolic pathways due to Mg deficiency causes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O 2 . - , H 2 O 2 and HO . in the roots. The aim of this work was to elucidate the antioxidant response of roots of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) to Mg deficiency. For this aim, antioxidant enzyme activities were measured and changes in their isoenzymes were determined. In addition, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was investigated to determine the changes in ROS signaling. Moreover, H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured as an indicator of oxidative damage. Findings of this work indicate that Mg deficiency does not cause oxidative load in roots of Gossypium hirsutum plants that overwhelms cellular antioxidant defence system, as evident by H 2 O 2 and TBARS levels. However, to adjust to the new redox status, root cells drastically downregulate NOX dependent ROS production and induced total superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that site of O 2 . - production is mitochondria in roots. Although, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were decreased with Mg deficiency induced peroxidase activity seems to limit H 2 O 2 accumulation. These adaptive responses and changes in antioxidant defence were sufficient to prevent excess ROS accumulation and occurrence of oxidative damage in roots of Gossypium hirsutum plants under Mg deficiency
Comparison and Analysis of Tag-Ranking Algorithms based on Clustering

Most information in Web 2.0 is made by users and classified by tags assigned by users. Tag-related services and research are focused on work such as automatic tagging and tag-cloud composition; however, classifying media resources and information according to tags and providing the results to users is not still up to the mark. In this paper, image resources and their tag information scattered in the web are collected and a tag-pair weight matrix is created, according to the relations and semantic similarities between tags. To overcome the problems of the existing system, a tag-pair weight matrix-based tag clustering (TBTC) algorithm was proposed to find highly related tags. The threshold used for clustering in this algorithm was studied, and an optimal threshold with high cluster cohesion was determined. Finally, as an experiment, 500 images with the keyword 'tomato' were searched from the Flickr website and highly related tags were derived from the proposed algorithm. The results of this research were examined and compared with the results of existing studies. It was found that the proposed research showed more advanced accuracy and precision than earlier methods.
Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored products protection

Abstract Inert dust insecticides (IDIs) can make a significant contribution to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs of stored grain providing insect control and preserving grain quality during storage. Unlike chemical-based insecticides, IDIs are unaffected by even high summer temperatures and maintain efficacy for many months rather than the days or weeks of their chemical counterparts. Their three main applications are structural treatment of empty storage facilities and grain- handling machinery; commodity capping and surface admixture treatments. For structural treatment, IDIs can be sprayed on surfaces as dust or aqueous slurry. IDIs can be applied along with aeration, temperature control and flow-through fumigation like phosphine or other gaseous insecticides in the form of capping treatments and in surface admixture treatments. IDI treated commodities have been approved by organic grower associations.
Isolation and characterization of putative liver-specific enhancers in proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)

Enhancers are indispensable DNA elements responsible for elevation of gene transcriptional efficiency that regulates biological processes tightly at various developmental stages, linking them to numerous genetic diseases. Discovering the enhancer landscape of the genome will not only benefit mankind, but also aid in conservation researches involving endangered non-human primates such as the proboscis monkey. As one of the most ancient colobine endemic to Borneo Island, the proboscis monkey offers a wide spectrum of unique and exclusive characteristics that distinguish it from other primates. This study has successfully isolated 13 liver-specific enhancers from this primate and tested for their activities in HepG2 and A549 cell line. The TFBS-enriched regions such as pairs of AP-1, clusters of C/EBP-β and triplets of HNF-1 in enhancers contributed to enhancer activities whereas huge clusters of HNF-3β possess suppressing effects, but generally these regions contributed to the cell specificities of enhancers. It is hoped that this study serves as a stepping stone in knowledge enrichment on this primate and future conservation researches.
Combined linkage and association mapping reveal candidate loci for kernel size and weight in maize

Yield improvement is a top priority for maize breeding. Kernel size and weight are important determinants of maize grain yield. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and an association panel were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for four maize kernel-related traits: kernel length, width, thickness and 100-kernel weight. Twenty-seven QTLs were identified for kernel-related traits across three environments and the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) of each trait by linkage analysis, and four QTLs were stably detected in more than two environments. Additionally, 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as significantly associated with the four kernel-related traits and BLUPs by genome-wide association study, and two loci could be stably detected in both environments. In total, four QTLs/SNPs were co-associated with various traits in both populations. Using combined-linkage analysis and association mapping, PZE-101066560 on chromosome 1, associated with kernel width and with 100-kernel weight in the association panel, was co-localized within the QTL interval of qKW1-3 for kernel width in the RILs. Two annotated genes in the candidate region were considered as potential candidate genes. The QTLs and candidate genes identified here will facilitate molecular breeding for grain yield improvement in maize.
Use of Commercial Swine Live Attenuated Vaccine to Control an Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Outbreak in Commercial Cage-Free Layer Chickens

SUMMARY. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia was diagnosed in three cage-free commercial layer flocks from Washington State that experienced an increase in mortality and slight drop in egg production. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from multiple organs and from environmental samples. An agar gel diffusion test of several E. rhusiopathiae isolates confirmed the presence of serotype 1b, and multiplex real-time PCR of the surface protective antigen (Spa) gene confirmed presence of SpaA. Bacitracin administered via the water reduced mortality minimally and only for a short period of time. Mortality was finally controlled by vaccination with a live attenuated swine E. rhusiopathiae vaccine delivered via the drinking water. This is the first report describing the use of an attenuated vaccine to control an E. rhusiopathiae outbreak in a chicken flock.
Development of genomic simple sequence repeat markers for Glycyrrhiza lepidota and cross-amplification of other Glycyrrhiza species

Background Licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp. L.) is used as a natural sweetener and medicinal herb in European and Asian countries. Molecular studies have been conducted to find differences between wild and cultivated species because most wild species are highly resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses compared with their cultivated species. However, few molecular markers have been developed for studying the genetic diversity and population structure of licorice species and to identify differences between cultivars. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a set of genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for molecular studies of these species. Methods In the present study, we developed polymorphic SSR markers based on whole-genomesequence data of Glycyrrhiza lepidota. Then, based on the sequence information, the polymorphic SSR markers were developed. The SSR markers were applied to 23 Glycyrrhiza individual plants. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships and interspecies transferability among samples. Results The genetic diversity analysis using these markers identified 2–23 alleles, and the major allele frequency, observed heterozygosity, genetic diversity, and polymorphism information content were 0.11–0.91, 0–0.90, 0.17–0.94, and 0.15–0.93, respectively. Interspecies transferability values were 93.5%, 91.6%, and 91.1% for G. echinata, G. glabra, and G. uralensis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered cultivated (group 1) and wild (group 2) species into three and two subgroups, respectively. The reported markers represent a valuable resource for the genetic characteri z ation of Glycyrrhiza spp. for theanalysis of its genetic variability, and as a tool for licorice transferability. This is the first intraspecific study in a collection of Glycyrrhiza spp. germplasm using SSR markers.
Color Image Segmentation Based on Improved SLIC Method

In view of Simple Linear Iterative Clustering( SLIC) method sometimes does not well adhere to the edge,this paper proposes an improved SLIC method to solve this problem. In order to reduce the influence of texture and noise information to images boundary location,the nonlinear diffusion filtering algorithm is introduced to smooth the images w hile preserving the boundaries and decreasing the noises. After the first iteration by using the principles of the Sigma filter,it increases clustering condition,improves the result of SLIC superpixels clustering,and enhances the accuracy of clustering center w hile reducing the inaccurate segmentation in the process of iteration. Simulation results show that the superpixels segmentation results of the proposed method have better performance in image details,and this method also increases the boundary hit rate w ithout significantly increasing the processing time compared w ith the conventional SLIC method.
A multi-level text classifier for feedback analysis using tweets to enhance product performance

Big Data refers to the collection and storage of the enormous amount of data which is heterogeneous in nature. Data analysis is quite complex due to its enormous volume and its high generation speed. Big Data has many business applications such as in promotion, marketing either financially or by supporting in decision making. One such application is the sentiment analysis that paves the way for the business analysts to know the positive or negative impact over the product based on the tweets by the people. We propose a three-level text classifier with the first level as principal components analysis (PCA) followed by the support vector machine (SVM) and the conditional random fields (CRF) as the second and third level using the tweets collected. This feedback analyser would promote the sales of the product due to its high accuracy in feedback classification.
Voegtlin‐style suction traps measure insect diversity and community heterogeneity

Comparing ecologically relevant communities of insects in heterogeneous environments requires methods capable of sampling a sufficient number of individuals and diversity of species to measure β diversity. A battery‐operated computer fan powers a 1.5 m high Voegtlin suction trap. These traps are efficient at capturing small, weakly flying insects, and can be used to sample the α and β diversity of Microhymenoptera in discrete habitats within a temperate forest ecosystem. During a preliminary study comparing Voegtlin‐style suction and Townes‐style Malaise traps, we found that the suction traps caught a greater number and a greater diversity of Hymenoptera than the Malaise traps, especially of those OTUs smaller than 1.5 mm. Placed along a transect at 50 m intervals, the suction traps also yielded more heterogeneous samples than the Malaise traps, suggesting they may be particularly useful for quantifying β diversity at small spatial scales. The same analyses with brachyceran Diptera were more nuanced. Malaise traps outperformed suction traps in terms of measuring α diversity, but suction traps resolved a higher degree of brachyceran community heterogeneity using β diversity. Insofar as Hymenoptera are amongst the most diverse of insect orders and the vast majority of species are specialist parasitoids of other insects, suction trapped Hymenoptera diversity may be a useful proxy for measuring α and β insect diversity in general.
Energy efficient and cost effective secure node localization with key management in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Network has a wide range of application in the field military operation, tracking, and data acquisition in hazardous environments. It is a vital and essential thing to guarantee the security and resilience of sensor networks. The wireless sensor node localization plays an important role for collecting meaningful information from an exact location. During node localization process security is a vital issue to protect the data losses from unauthorised person. In this research work, we introduce efficient and effective secure node localization and a dynamic key management solution for wireless sensor networks. In this scheme we present secure node authentication with distance measurement and we call secure information verification by malicious node cleaning. Also we present key management schemes; it is assumed that key information is stored in very powerful and reliable sensor node and not in individual nodes. It is an important issue for protecting the powerful node by which the sensor network can be made secure, energy efficient and cost effective because moving anchor node plays a major role during localization process.
Design & application of coexistent multiple NC code interpreters

Nowadays,there are many kinds of CNC systems in the market.NC code systems are not compatible with each other among the primary CNC manufacturers.It is necessary that Open CNC systems and CNC simulation software can support as many manufacturers as possible,so various needs of end users can be satisfied.We have constructed coexistent multiple NC code interpreters based on Lex Yacc,the results are applied to the GT100 CNC system successfully.
Genetic coupling of signal and preference facilitates sexual isolation during rapid speciation

The divergence of sexual signals is ultimately a coevolutionary process: while signals and preferences diverge between lineages, they must remain coordinated within lineages for matings to occur. Divergence in sexual signals makes a major contribution to evolving species barriers. Therefore, the genetic architecture underlying signal-preference coevolution is essential to understanding speciation but remains largely unknown. In Laupala crickets where male song pulse rate and female pulse rate preference have coevolved repeatedly and rapidly, we tested two contrasting hypotheses for the genetic architecture underlying signal-preference coevolution: linkage disequilibrium between unlinked loci and genetic coupling (pleiotropy of a shared locus or tight physical linkage). Through selective introgression and quantitative trait locus (QTL) fine mapping, we estimated the location of QTL underlying interspecific variation in both female preference and male pulse rate from the same mapping populations. Remarkably, map estimates of the pulse rate and preference loci are 0.06-0.23 cM apart, the strongest evidence to date for genetic coupling between signal and preference loci. As the second pair of co-localizing signal and preference loci in the Laupala genome, our finding supports an intriguing pattern, pointing to a major role for genetic coupling in the quantitative evolution of a reproductive barrier and rapid speciation in Laupala. Due to its effect on suppressing recombination, a coupled, quantitative genetic architecture offers a powerful and parsimonious genetic mechanism for signal-preference coevolution and the establishment of positive genetic covariance on which the Fisherian runaway process of sexual selection relies.
Evaluation of Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate and 1, 3-Diacylglycerol Blend Supplementation in Diets with Different Energy Content on the Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, and Blood Lipid Profiles of Broiler Chickens

We evaluated the effects of supplementing an emulsifier blend (sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate and 1, 3-diacylglycerol) in diets with different energy content (normal and 100 kcal/kg reduced) on the growth performance, meat quality, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens. Male broiler chickens (n = 1024), with an initial body weight (BW) of 43.60±0.2 g, were used in a 35-day trial. Broiler chickens of similar body weight were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of dietary energy content and with or without emulsifier blend. Broiler chickens fed on emulsifier blend supplemented diet had a higher body weight gain (BWG) during d 7–21, d 21–35, and overall period (P<0.05), higher BW during overall period (P<0.05), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 7–21, d 21–35, and overall period (P<0.05) compared with broilers fed on diets without emulsifier supplementation. Broiler chickens fed on the diet with low energy content had a lower BWG during d 1–7, d 21–35, and overall period (P<0.05), lower BW during overall period, and higher FCR during d 1–7, d 21–35, and overall period (P<0.05). The ATTD of energy tended to decrease in response to low-energy content diet (P<0.10). Drip loss at 7 d post slaughter tended to decrease in response to dietary emulsifier blend supplementation (P<0.10). However, no interactive effects of dietary energy content and emulsifier blend supplementation (P>0.10) were observed on the growth performance, ATTD, blood lipid profiles, meat quality and relative organ weight. In conclusion, dietary emulsifier blend supplementation could improve growth performance, while low dietary energy content would decrease growth performance and ATTD of energy.
Colour Component Analysis Approach for Malaria Parasites Detection Based on Thick Blood Smear Images

Malaria is a plasmodium parasite disease that affects millions of people in the world every year. Hence, early detection tests are needed to prevent the malaria parasites spread throughout the body. For centuries, manual microscopic blood test remains as the most common method that still being used for malaria detection. However, this procedure contains the probability of miscalculation of parasites due to human error. Computerized system is recognized as a quick and easy ways to analyze a lot of blood samples images by providing direct visualization on the computer screen without the need to examine under the microscope. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze different colour components for improving the parasites counting performance based on thick blood smear images. In this study, five different colour spaces namely YCbCr, RGB, CMY, HSV and HSL have been analyzed and eight colour components which are Y, Cb, R, G, C, M, S and L have been extracted in order to determine which colour component is the best for malaria parasites counting. Overall, experimental results indicate that segmentation using Y component of YCbCr proved to be the best with average counting accuracy of 98.48% for 100 images of malaria thick blood smear.
EDTA reduces cadmium toxicity in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by enhancing metal chelation, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems

To investigate the possible role of EDTA in mitigating cadmium (Cd) toxicity, we treated mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with CdCl2 (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM, 3 days) alone and in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA in a semihydroponic medium. In the absence of EDTA, mustard seedlings accumulated Cd in their roots and shoots in a concentration dependent manner. Overaccumulation of Cd boosted generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions (O2•−), increased lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) content. It also disturbed components of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased growth, leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content but augmented the proline (Pro) content. On the other hand, EDTA supplemented Cd-stressed seedlings improved the constituents of the AsA-GSH cycle with the upregulated activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, addition of EDTA to the Cd-stressed seedlings notably enhanced Gly I activity in contrast to the stress treatment. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreased Cd accumulation in the both shoots and roots, as well as increased other nonprotein thiols (NPTs) in leaves, including the phytochelatin (PC) content. It also decreased H2O2 and O2•− generation, lipid peroxidation and MG content but enhanced RWC, chl and Pro contents in the leaves, which confirmed the improved growth of seedlings. The findings of the study suggest that exogenous application of EDTA to the Cd-treated seedlings reduces Cd-induced oxidative injuries by restricting Cd uptake, increasing NPTs concentration and upregulating most of the components of their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.