Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of HIV-1 isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil

We report results of nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the env gene of 11 HIV-1 isolates, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Ten isolates belonged to HIV-1 subtype B and one was a probable B/F mosaic. This putative B/F recombinant is similar but not identical in its nucleotide sequence to other B/F mosaics described in Brazil.
Data are lacking for quantifying HIV transmission risk in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy.

The current era of HIV/AIDS epidemics is one in which highly effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is being used to treat a high proportion of HIV-infected individuals who are diagnosed with their infection in the developed world, and universal treatment access is becoming closer to reality for treatment-eligible individuals in the developing world. Therefore, it is of greater importance to understand the magnitude of HIV transmission risk in the presence of ART. In this issue of AIDS, Attia et al. [1] report results from a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the risk of HIV through unprotected sexual intercourse according to viral load, with or without the presence of ART. A review of this kind is timely, particularly as the role of ART in prevention is currently a hotly debated topic [2–5]. Several longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of HIV discordant couples have reported on transmission risk against viral load, with or without ART. Until now, however, no study had carried out a transparent and comprehensive review and analysis of the body of evidence available.
Interference alignment scheme for three-cell constant cellular interfering networks

This paper investigates the design of interference alignment (IA) for a three-cell constant cellular interfering network, where three base stations in the cellular network simultaneously transmit signals to a group of users in their own cells while causing interference to each other. While determining the existence of IA with reaching the degrees of freedom (DoF) outer bound is still a very challenging problem. We propose an efficient alignment scheme for this system, where the transmit beamforming matrices are jointly designed in loop structure. We theoretically derive the antenna source of this system. Numerical results show that our proposed IA scheme requires less antenna source in contrast to that of the existing IA schemes, while the total achievable DoF of the system is identical.
Hospital Report Cards for Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers: How Good Are the Grades?

BACKGROUND Value-based purchasing programs use administrative data to compare hospitals by rates of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) for public reporting and financial penalties. However, validation of these data is lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of the administrative data used to generate HAPU rates by comparing the rates generated from these data with those generated from surveillance data. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 2 million all-payer administrative records from 448 California hospitals and quarterly hospitalwide surveillance data from 213 hospitals from the Collaborative Alliance for Nursing Outcomes (as publicly reported on the CalHospitalCompare Web site). SETTING 196 acute care hospitals with at least 6 months of available administrative and surveillance data. PATIENTS Nonobstetric adults discharged in 2009. MEASUREMENTS Hospital-specific HAPU rates were computed as the percentage of discharged adults (from administrative data) or examined adults (from surveillance data) with at least 1 stage II or greater HAPU (HAPU2+). Categorization of hospital performance based on administrative data was compared with the grade assigned when surveillance data were used. RESULTS When administrative data were used, the mean hospital-specific HAPU2+ rate was 0.15% (95% CI, 0.13% to 0.17%); when surveillance data were used, the rate was 2.0% (CI, 1.8% to 2.2%). Among the 49 hospitals with HAPU2+ rates in the highest (worst) quartile from administrative data, use of the surveillance data set resulted in performance grades of "superior" for 3 of these hospitals, "above average" for 14, "average" for 15, and "below average" for 17. LIMITATION Data are from 1 state and 1 year. CONCLUSION Hospital performance scores generated from HAPU2+ rates varied considerably according to whether administrative or surveillance data were used, suggesting that administrative data may not be appropriate for comparing hospitals. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Developmental expression patterns of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in zebrafish retina

During recent years a key role as morphogen has been postulated for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the developing Central Nervous System. Acetylcholine released from growing axons regulates growth, differentiation and plasticity. The acetylcholine distribution is frequently defined by acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase expression patterns. The cholinergic/cholinoceptive system in the adult zebrafish retina has been described. Nevertheless, there are no data regarding the developing retina. The acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase distribution patterns during zebrafish retinal development are very similar. In both cases the first positive elements appear in the plexiform layers and in later stages reactive amacrine cells have been observed in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. In the adult retina a cholinergic and cholinoceptive neuropile band is observed in the inner plexiform layer. Displaced amacrine cells and amacrine cells positive to both markers have been observed. Transient expressions of choline acetyltransferase in the optic nerve and outer plexiform layer and of acetylcholinesterase in amacrine cells and displaced amacrine cells are observed during retinal development coinciding with the arrangement of the pioneering retinal projections into the optic tectum. The mature distribution pattern of the cholinergic/ cholinoceptive system in the adult retina is conserved along the phylogenetic scale, thus it seems to be a primary feature acquired relatively early during the evolution of vertebrates.
Structural and Functional Role of Threonine 112 in a SuperantigenStaphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B*

Bacterial superantigens are potent T-cell stimulatory protein molecules produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Their superantigenic activity can be attributed to their ability to cross-link major histocompatibility complex class II molecules with T-cell receptors (TCRs) to form a tri-molecular complex. Each superantigen is known to interact with a specific Vβelement of TCR. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB, a superantigen), a primary cause of food poisoning, is also responsible for a significant percentage of non-menstrual associated toxic shock syndrome in patients with a variety of staphylococcal infections. Structural studies have elucidated a binding cavity on the toxin molecule essential for TCR binding. To understand the crucial residues involved in binding, mutagenesis analysis was performed. Our analysis suggest that mutation of a conserved residue Thr112 to Ser (T112S) in the binding cavity induces a selective reduction in the affinity for binding one TCR Vβ family and can be attributed to the structural differences in the native and mutant toxins. We present a detailed comparison of the mutant structure determined at 2.0 Å with the previously reported native SEB and SEB-TCR Vβ complex structures.
The functional recovery of stroke: a comparison between neuro-developmental treatment and the Brunnstrom method.

The relative efficacy of Neuro-Developmental Treatment (N.D.T.) versus the Brunnstrom method was studied from the perspective of the functional recovery of stroke patients. An alternating treatment design (B-C-B-C) was used. Each intervention phase lasted 5 weeks. The functional recovery of the patients was assessed every week by using the Barthel Index and the Action Research Arm test, by registering walking velocity, and by performing gait analysis. At the start and at the end of each intervention phase, neurological and neuropsychological assessments took place. Time series analysis indicated that for one patient only, walking speed progressed more during the Brunnstrom phases than the N.D. T. phases. This result did not generalize towards other parameters or patients studied. For upper extremity function and maximum walking speed, a high correlation was found between the week post stroke in which the patient showed the first signs of recovery and the end condition after 20 weeks.
Comparative Analysis of Two Op-Amp Topologies for a 40 MS / s 8-bit Pipelined ADC in 0 . 18 μ m CMOS Technology

The performances of two full differential operational amplifiers (Op-Amps) telescopic and foldedcascode are evaluated to satisfy the stringent requirements on the amplifier to be used in a Multiplying Digitalto-Analog Converter (MDAC) stage of a pipelined ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter). The paper shows the solutions found to reach high gain, wide bandwidth and short settling time without degrading too much the output swing. The Op-Amp specifications are extracted according to the ADC requirements, then the two OpAmp topologies are designed, tested and their performances are compared. Simulation results show that the OpAmp folded-cascode topology is more suitable architecture for pipelined ADC than the telescopic one. Moreover, the use of this type of Op-Amp generates an Integral Non-Linearity (INL) error less than that of the telescopic one. The analyses and simulation results are obtained using 0.18 μm AMS (Austria Mikro System) CMOS process parameters with a power supply voltage of 1.8V. The predicted performance is verified by analysis and simulations using Cadence EDA simulator. Key-Words: CMOS analog circuit design; Op-Amp; Multiplying Digital-to-Analog Converter; pipelined ADC
Comparison of the efficacy of selected bacterins against Edwardsiella tarda in immunized Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

An effective vaccine against Edwardsiella tarda has not been reported in substitution for high concentration of formalin for the prevention of edwardsiellosis disease. In this study, the efficacy of inactivated E. tarda was evaluated and compared by intraperitoneal (IP) injection-immunization or challenge against Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Formalin, formalin with heat, citric acid, pressure and electric current were used for inactivation of the bacteria, and the relative percent survival (RPS) values of pressure (600 psi for 5 min) killed cells was determined. PKC-inactivated vaccine showed-89-93 protection that was higher than others. PKC-inactivated vaccine at a concentration of 106 cells/fish was sufficient to induce high protection (RPS>89). Protection of the different-inactivated vaccines was evaluated at different time post immunization, and the peak of protection was observed at 9 days post-challenge. Fish immunized with PKC showed significantly (P<0.05) higher serum and mucus antibody titers elicit both systemic and mucosal adaptive immune responses, and induce specific humoral immune responses in eel. Coincident with higher protection, sera of fish immunized with the PKC vaccine had higher agglutination titers than FKC, FHKC, CAKC and ECKC. All these data strongly suggested that PKC vaccine is an effective strategy to protect eel against edwardsiellosis.
Enhancement and performance evaluation of a multicast routing mechanism in ZigBee cluster-tree Wireless Sensor networks

Routing is a challenging issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to their inherent memory and energy constraints. Multicast Routing is used when dealing with group communication and it is well used in WSNs because it improves efficiency and reduces path length in the network. ZigBee is a standard protocol that presents a very prominent technology for WSNs. Z-Cast is a multicast mechanism that has been proposed for ZigBee cluster-tree WSNs. However, this mechanism was not tested on a real WSN platform and presents some gaps related to its memory and communication. In addition, the performance of this mechanism has not been evaluated. In this paper, we address these problems and present an amelioration of this protocol. In addition, we integrate this mechanism in Open-ZB toolset as this implementation does not consider multicast routing in its specification. The main contributions of this paper are two folded: first, we propose an amelioration of Z-Cast that may improve its efficiency and reduce its memory cost. Second, we integrate this protocol in Open-ZB and evaluate its performance on telosB motes.
Circulating leukocyte heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and oxidative stress markers in rats after a bout of exhaustive exercise

A novel method to measure oxidative stress resulting from exhaustive exercise in rats is presented. In this new procedure we evaluated the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR), the plasma oxidative attack markers, reactive carbonyl derivatives (RCD) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). Muscular tissue damage was evaluated by monitoring plasma creatine kinase (CK) and plasma taurine (Tau) concentrations. Also, we monitored total sulphydryl groups (TSG) and uric acid (UA), and the level of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) in leukocytes as a marker of oxidative stress. In the study we found a correspondence between erythrocyte CAT and GR activities and leukocyte HSP70 levels, principally 3 h after the acute exercise, and this suggested an integrated mechanism of antioxidant defense. The increase in levels of plasma Tau was coincident with the increasing plasma levels of CK and TBARS, principally after two hours of exercise. Thus tissue damage occurred before the expression of any anti-oxidant system markers and the monitoring of Tau, CK or TBARS may be important for the estimation of oxidative stress during exhaustive exercise. Furthermore, the integrated analyses could be of value in a clinical setting to quantify the extent of oxidative stress risk and reduce the need to perform muscle biopsies as a tool of clinical evaluation.
Design and modeling of PLL-based clock and data recovery circuits with periodically embedded clock encoding for intra-panel interfaces

This study investigates the design issues of a phase-locked loop (PLL)-based point-to-point (P2P) high-speed interface with periodically embedded clock encoding (PECE). Interfaces of this type are the mainstream serial links for 4K2K or higher resolution applications in the display industry. Early works mainly focus on delay-locked loop (DLL)-based or Hogge-type CDR implementation, while this work presents a compact and low-power PLL-based clock and data recovery (CDR), and discusses the effects of error transfer, spread-spectrum clock (SSC) tolerance, and the embedded-clock period on the CDR performance and bandwidth design. Both discrete-time (DT) and continuous-time (CT) analyses in this paper give insight into the folded jitter transfer property in a PECE CDR system. The proposed high-speed interface is implemented in a 0. 18μm 1.8V/13.5V high-voltage process, and verified on 4K2K liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. The equivalent data rate of the interface is 2GHz, and the power consumption is 18.4mW.
Four Concepts of Health in America: Results of National Surveys

Our objective was to determine how large, random samples of Americans define health. Two questions were used to ascertain concepts of health: Are you healthy? and How do you know? (What does health mean to you? ) These questions were added to omnibus telephone surveys conducted with two random samples of adults from the 48 contiguous United States: one in 1995 (N = 1,000); the other in 2002 (N = 1,011). The surveys also collected demographic data. This study focuses on cases with complete data (N = 950 in 1995, N = 967 in 2002). In both survey samples, more than 92% of respondents reported that they were healthy. Four distinct conceptions of health emerged from responses to the “how do you know” question: physical, psychosocial, capacity, and control. While prevalence varied with survey year as well as respondent age and education, these four concepts were evident in both 1995 and 2002. There are four robust concepts of health in America. Ongoing attention to these concepts may enhance efforts to communicate about and improve health.
Optical coherence tomography of the human retina.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate optical coherence tomography for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of the human retina. Optical coherence tomography is a new imaging technique analogous to ultrasound B scan that can provide cross-sectional images of the retina with micrometer-scale resolution. DESIGN Survey optical coherence tomographic examination of the retina, including the macula and optic nerve head in normal human subjects. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of normal human subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation of optical coherence retinal tomographs with known normal retinal anatomy. RESULTS Optical coherence tomographs can discriminate the cross-sectional morphologic features of the fovea and optic disc, the layered structure of the retina, and normal anatomic variations in retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses with 10-microns depth resolution. CONCLUSION Optical coherence tomography is a potentially useful technique for high depth resolution, cross-sectional examination of the fundus.
Metamodeling of RFIC integrated inductors using ASITIC simulation data

In this paper, we describe a new method to generate lumped-parameter equivalent-circuit (EC) approximations for on-chip inductors. Nonlinear least-squares fitting is then applied to numerical data obtained from a very large number of single-time ASITIC runs for a given process. Results show significant improvement as compared to the published models. The proposed method should enable the optimization of inductor geometry.
Mitochondrial DNA Diversity of Tor douronensis Valenciennes (Cyprinidae) in Malaysian Borneo

This study examines the population structure and taxonomy ofTor douronensis, an important indigenous freshwater fish species in Malaysian Borneo, by using sequence analysis of 466 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase I (COl) gene. A total of 62 fish samples were collected from five locations in Sarawak (N=54) and Sabah (N=8). The phylogenetic analysis using the NeighbourJoining (N]) method supported the monophyletic status between T. douronensis and Tor tambroides, which further reinforced their taxonomic status as distinct species. The T.douronensis haplotypes werefurther divided into three major groups, with the Pelian[uhfrom Sabah forming its own group (Cluster Ill) with strong bootstrap support. The large genetic differences separating the Sabah haplotypesfrom its Sarawak congeners suggested that the Pelian fish might represent a cryptic species. The current study showed high levels of intra and inter-population variations in T. douronensis. Within all population variations, T. douronensis populations werefound, except in Bario. The presence offixed haplotype differences along with high FST values among the populations ofT. douronensis, support the conclusion that little or no migration occurred among the extant populations separated by large geographic distances or river systems. However, the sharing of haplotypes between some such papulations, for example between Batang Ai and Bario (HS6), and between Batang Ai and Ulu Limbang/Ba Kelalan (HS2) provided support that T. douronensis had a historically widespread natural distribution in the region probably during the Quaternary period. Overall, the present study was able to shed light on the taxonomy and population structure of T. douronensis in Malaysian Borneo.
Human hippocampal‐dependent tasks: Is awareness necessary or sufficient?

The hippocampus has been shown to be required for the acquisition of declarative or explicit memory. Whether all hippocampal‐dependent forms of learning and memory are explicit is an open question. Controversy has emerged about the existence of implicit hippocampal‐dependent tasks. Two implicit tasks that may involve the hippocampusare a relational eye tracking task (Ryan et al. (2000) Psychol Sci 11:454–461) and transitive inference (Greene et al. (2006) J Cognit Neurosci 18:1156–1173; Greene et al. (2001) Mem Cognit 29:893–902). Recently, it was shown that both of these tasks may depend upon task awareness (Smith et al. (2006) J Neurosci 26:11304–11312; Smith and Squire (2005) J Neurosci 25:10138–10146). It is argued that in both cases, distinct, explicit versions of the tasks were created, which do not disprove the implicit nature of the original tasks. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
INPP5E interacts with AURKA, linking phosphoinositide signaling to primary cilium stability

ABSTRACT Mutations in inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) cause the ciliopathies known as Joubert and MORM syndromes; however, the role of INPP5E in ciliary biology is not well understood. Here, we describe an interaction between INPP5E and AURKA, a centrosomal kinase that regulates mitosis and ciliary disassembly, and we show that this interaction is important for the stability of primary cilia. Furthermore, AURKA phosphorylates INPP5E and thereby increases its 5-phosphatase activity, which in turn promotes transcriptional downregulation of AURKA, partly through an AKT-dependent mechanism. These findings establish the first direct link between AURKA and phosphoinositide signaling and suggest that the function of INPP5E in cilia is at least partly mediated by its interactions with AURKA.
Innovative design of a planar fractal‐shaped GPS/GSM/Wi‐Fi antenna

In this letter, the design of a microstrip three‐band antenna working in GPS, GSM, and Wi‐Fi frequency bands is described. By considering a planar geometry printed on a dielectric substrate, the tuning of the antenna behavior in three nonharmonic frequency bands is obtained perturbing the patch perimeter according to a Koch‐like fractal shape. The synthesis procedure is automatically performed by means of an iterative PSO‐based optimization strategy where a fractal boundary generator is integrated with a MoM‐based electromagnetic simulator. The feasibility of the approach as well as the reliability of the synthesized antenna is assessed through simulations as well as experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 825–829, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23208
Dual-band inverted-L monopole antenna for GSM/DCS mobile phone

Introduction Two promising dual-band designs of the inverted-L monopole antenna loaded with a meandered wire or a helix for applications in GSM/DCS dual-band mobile phones are presented. In the proposed designs, the inverted-L monopole is operated as a quarter-wavelength structure for 1800 MHz operation. The meandered wire or the helix [ 11 is also operated as a quarter-wavelength structure, and however, is for 900 MHz operation. In addition to two separate wide bandwidths obtained for the proposed designs, the antenna’s height from the ground plane is only about 14 mm or 4.2% of the wavelength at 900 MHz. This low-profile advantage makes the proposed designs very promising to be integrated within the mobile phone housing, similar as the design in [2], leading to no protruded antenna in appearance for mobile phones. In addition, the proposed antennas have a simple structure and are easy to construct with low cost. No extemal matching circuit is also required for the proposed antennas.