Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holographic integration of T T̄ & JT̄ via O ( d , d )

Prompted by the recent developments in integrable single trace T T̄ and JT̄ deformations of 2d CFTs, we analyse such deformations in the context of AdS3/CFT2 from the dual string worldsheet CFT viewpoint. We observe that the finite form of these deformations can be recast as O(d, d) transformations, which are an integrated form of the corresponding Exactly Marginal Deformations (EMD) in the worldsheet Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model, thereby generalising the YangBaxter class that includes TsT. Furthermore, the equivalence between O(d, d) transformations and marginal deformations of WZW models, proposed by Hassan & Sen for Abelian chiral currents, can be extended to non-Abelian chiral currents to recover a well-known constraint on EMD in the worldsheet CFT. We also argue that such EMD are also solvable from the worldsheet theory viewpoint. ar X iv :1 81 1. 03 05 0v 3 [ he pth ] 2 8 M ar 2 01 9
Genetic patterns in range-edge populations of Vaccinium species from the central Balkans : implications on conservation prospects and sustainable usage

Vaccinium myrtillus L. , Vaccinium uliginosum L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. are perennial, coldadapted clonal shrubs distributed throughout Europe, northern Asia and North America. Due to their usage in food (berries) and pharmaceutical industry (berries and leaves), their natural populations are exposed to anthropogenic and other impacts that affect their genetic make-up. We analyzed 14 fragmentary distributed and small-sized peripheral populations of these species from the Balkans, which represents the southeastern-European marginal area of their wide European distributions, using RAPD molecular markers. The contemporary genetic patterns in all three species within the Balkans were generally similar, and in comparison to previous reports on populations of these species found in northward Europe, where they have a more continuous distribution, the levels of genetic diversity were more or less halved, genetic differentiation was several times higher, gene flow exceptionally low, and the expected prevalence of clonal individuals was lacking. The population dynamics of all three species within the Balkans was complex and distinct, and was characterized by a past admixture of individuals from discrete populations of the same species and interspecific hybridisation not only between V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea but also between V. uliginosum and V. vitis-idaea, the latter not being reported to date. Conservation measures suitable for preservation of presumably genetically distinct portions of the Balkans’ gene pools of studied species have been suggested, while the utility of interspecific hybrids in breeding programs and/ or in food/pharmaceutical industry is yet to be assessed.
Human Resource Management and Teachers’ Job Performance in Secondary Schools in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

This study assessed human resource management and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State. Three null hypotheses were formulated accordingly to guide the study. Census technique was adopted in selecting the entire population of 432 teachers. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire designed and administered by the researcher. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the null hypotheses were all tested at . 05 level of significance using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. Findings from the study revealed that there is significant relationship respectively between principals’ interpersonal relationship (r=0.364, p<. 05), teachers’ participation in decision-making (r=0.624, p< .05) and principals’ delegation of responsibilities (r = 0.538, p< .05) with teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that; principals should ensure that they create a conducive school climate by building a sound interpersonal relationship with teachers in order to improve their job performance; teachers should be actively involved in making certain decisions for the school especially those within their jurisdiction in order to foster unity and cooperation in the implementation of such decisions. Keywords: Human resource, Resource, Resource management, Teachers, Job performance, Teachers’ job performance
llometric analysis of the effects of density on reproductive allocation and arvest Index in 6 varieties of wheat ( Triticum ) iao -

Plants produce biomass and then allocate some of this biomass to reproduction. The pattern of reproductive allocation is an important aspect of a plant’s reproductive strategy in nature and is closely linked to yield and Harvest Index in cereal crops. Recent research has concluded that reproductive allocation should be analyzed and interpreted allometrically because ratios or fractions such as Reproductive Effort or Harvest Index are size dependent. We investigated reproductive allocation of individuals in 6 varieties of Triticum (wheat) grown at a wide range of densities. We harvested leaves, stems, spikes and grains of individual plants and analyzed the relationship between grain mass and vegetative mass allometrically. The large variation in density created large variation in plant mass and reproductive output. Most of the variation in individual yield (grain mass) was due to variation in plant size. There were significant differences among the varieties in the allometric exponent (slope of log–log relationship) of grain versus vegetative mass, such that some varieties produced higher yield (and therefore had a higher Harvest Index) than others when plants were small, while others had higher yield at larger sizes. Thus, the Harvest Index and its rank among varieties changed with plant size, which puts into question the practice of selecting for Harvest Index when crop performance varies greatly among individuals, years or environments. Selection for a high Harvest Index when individuals are large may mean unintentional selection for a lower Harvest Index when individuals are smaller. We conclude that cereal breeders should focus on reproductive allometry when interpreting Harvest Index, and select for allometric patterns that are most advantageous in a given agronomic context, especially when there is large variation in productivity among individuals, locations or years.
Effect of white garlic powder ( Allium sativum ) on in vitro ruminal fermentation

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing doses (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/50 ml of buffered rumen fluid from sheep) of garlic powder (GP) on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Doses of garlic powder were added to 500 mg of a diet composed of 50% of rye-grass hay and 50% of concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis. The medium of incubation consisted on ruminal liquid extracted from sheep, mixed in equal proportions with a buffer solution and introduced in 100 ml glass syringes (39°C). For each garlic dose and incubation, 2 syringes were reserved for sampling liquid to determine pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and 3 for true organic matter degradability (TOMD) measurements (5 syringes in total). Two successive 24 hincubations were practiced and at the end of each gas production was measured. Partitioning factor (PF) was estimated as the ratio between TOMD and the gas produced at 24 h of incubation. Microbial biomass (MBM) was estimated on the bases of truly degraded substrate and PF. Results showed that GP had no effect on gas production for doses 4, 8 and 16 mg compared with control. However, when 32 and 64 mg of GP were added, gas production increased (P<0.001) by about 13% for each dose. An increase (P<0.0001) in NH3-N concentration was recorded with 4 mg and 8 mg of GP compared with control, Whereas adding 16 mg of GP resulted in a NH3-N concentration equivalent to control. The doses of 32 and 64 mg of GP diminished the NH3-N concentration by 20 % compared with control. Truly organic matter degradability was similar (72.2 % on average) for all doses except 64 mg of GP, where a slight but significant (P<0.001) increase was found (77.7%). Garlic powder did not affect PF values when adding 4, 8, 16 or 32 mg of GP compared with control. However, the dose of 64 mg increased significantly (P<0.0001) the PF value. Microbial biomass values obtained with doses 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg were equivalent to those obtained from control, while the value observed with 64 mg was significantly (P<0.001) higher. It was concluded that GP could induce changes in rumen fermentation as measured in vitro. Some of these modifications could have positive effect on feeding efficacy in ruminants. Further measurements are needed to investigate mainly the effect of garlic on microbial activities, such as effects on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and composition and on animal performances.
STUDY ON LOW TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF PALM OIL METHYL ESTERS-PETRODIESEL BLENDS

Synergistic properties, especially low temperature properties (e.g. pour point and cloud point), can be achieved by blending palm oil methyl esters with petroleum diesel in appropriate ratios. In a preliminary study, appropriate blending of palm oil methyl esters-petrol diesel at 70%-80% palm oil methyl esters led to a decrease in pour point temperature. A decrease in cloud point temperature was also noted at mixtures of 90% palm oil methyl esters with petrol diesel. A similar phenomenon was observed in the viscosity properties of the palm oil methyl esters-petrol diesel mixture. Further improvement in the low temperature properties (e.g. pour point temperature) of the palm oil methyl esters-diesel mixtures at 3oC can be achieved by adding 1% of a palm-based additive. However, the blended palm oil methyl esters-petrol diesel fluid resulted in an increase in viscosity. The decrease in low temperature properties (both pour point and cloud point) in the blended palm oil methyl esters-petrol diesel mixtures and in the presence of the additive was suspected to be mainly due to the disruption and changes in the molecular orientation and arrangement on both the palm oil methyl esters and the petrol diesel.
A Survey on Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation

In recent times, biomedical imaging & medical image processing have become one of the most challenging fields of engineering & technology. Imaging modality like Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) provides detailed information about the anatomy, it also helps in monitoring disease, and it is beneficial for effective diagnosis. Brain tumor is an abnormal cell formation within the brain leading to brain cancer. Thus it is very important to detect and extract brain tumor. The main thing behind the brain tumor detection and extraction from an MRI image is the image segmentation. It means dividing an image into regions based on some specific criteria. Various algorithms have been proposed for this purpose. Like Decision Trees, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy C-Means, K-means cluster. The segmentation of brain tumor is measured to be one of the complicated procedures in medical field. This paper gives a brief study of some algorithms highlighting their methodology and advantages and disadvantages if any.
Editorial: An Introduction to Context, Practice, and Policy in Caring for an Aging Population

4 (2010) doi:10.1017/S0714980809990420 1 The baby boom generation is moving slowly but certainly through the working years and on towards their old age. The implications for health and social care are at the forefront of public awareness and policy debate, and there is concern about the ability of seniors and governments to fi nance the boomers’ retirement. Gerontologists have played, and continue to play, an important role in preparing for an aging population by providing the research evidence that change is needed. In particular, as this special issue will demonstrate, gerontologists focus on (1) describing the current experience of middle-aged and older adults (i.e., the context), (2) developing and evaluating new models of care (i.e., the practice), (3) making projections about the future of an aging population based on current trends, and (4) advocating for policy solutions to improve the care of an aging population (i.e., the policy).
Life history and fitness consequences of ectoparasites

Summary 1 For iteroparous organisms life-history theory predicts a trade-off between current and future reproduction, and therefore the evolution of host responses to current parasite infestation that will maximize lifetime reproductive success. The parasite-induced variation in reproductive success is thus not the net result of parasite infestation alone, but the parasite-mediated outcome of optimal resource allocation among current and future reproductive events. Understanding the importance of parasites for the evolution of host life history therefore requires an experimental investigation of the effects of parasites over the host's life span. Such studies are currently scant. 2 We manipulated the load of an ectoparasite, the hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae), in the nests of its most common host, the great tit (Parus major), over a period of 4 years and recorded, the components of current and future reproductive success including survival, divorce, breeding dispersal and various reproductive parameters. Finally we assessed, for females only as paternity of males was unknown, the lifetime reproductive success as a close correlate of Darwinian fitness. 3 For current reproduction, our experiment demonstrates that parasites reduce current reproductive success via an increase in the probability of nest failure during incubation and the nestling period. In the presence of fleas, clutch size and the number of fledglings were reduced while the incubation and the nestling period were prolonged. Thus parasitism led to an increase in parental effort but nevertheless reduced current reproductive success. 4 For future reproduction, the experiment shows that females breeding in infested nests dispersed over longer distances between breeding attempts. The divorce rate following infestation, the probability of breeding locally in the future and residual reproductive success were not affected significantly by ectoparasites. The study thus suggests that hen fleas play a minor role in shaping the trade-off between current and future reproduction. 5 Lifetime reproductive success of females, measured as the total number of locally recruiting offspring over the 4 experimental years, was reduced significantly by ectoparasites. The negative effect of parasites arose by a reduction of the number of fledglings per breeding attempt rather than by a reduction of the number of breeding attempts.
Labor Unions, Operating Flexibility, and the Cost of Equity

Abstract We study whether the constraints on firms’ operations imposed by labor unions affect firms’ costs of equity. The cost of equity is significantly higher for firms in more unionized industries. This effect holds after controlling for several industry and firm characteristics, is robust to endogeneity concerns, and is not driven by omitted variables. Moreover, the unionization premium is stronger when unions face a more favorable bargaining environment and is highly countercyclical. Unionization is also positively related to various measures of operating leverage. Our findings suggest that labor unions increase firms’ costs of equity by decreasing firms’ operating flexibility.
Exposure to SO2 does not have a chronic effect on pulmonary functions of apricot workers

The authors have previously demonstrated that apricot sulfurization workers develop asthma-like syndrome during apricot sulfurization due to exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate if exposure to SO2 gas had any chronic effects on pulmonary functions and bronchial reactivity of the workers. Twenty-five apricot sulfurization workers and a control group were included in the study. Physical examination, skin prick tests, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and bronchoprovocation tests (BPTs) were performed before and after the season of sulfurization in the worker group. Skin prick tests, PFTs, and BPTs were performed also in the control group without a history of exposure to SO2 gas. There was no statistically significant difference between PFT and BPT results of the workers and the control group. Comparison of the PFT results of the workers before and after the season of apricot sulfurization neither reveal a significant difference. Four (16%) out of 25 workers were positive for BPTs before the period. Only one worker who had a negative BPT result before the sulfurization season was positive afterwards. The lack of a chronic effect on pulmonary functions is consistent with the diagnosis of asthma-like syndrome in apricot sulfurization workers.
Effect of environmental impact to molecular expression of heat-shock protein ( HSP 70 ) in oyster Crassostrea gigas from Gamak bay , Korea Author Details

Bivalve molluscs such as oysters play an important ecological role in the aquatic system. They filter and ingest suspended particulate matter (e.g. algae and sediment particles) from the water via filter feeding. Oysters are sessile filter feeders incapable of moving to avoid unfavorable conditions in their immediate environment (Landrium et al., 1991). Crassostrea gigas Thunberg in Korea has been prevalent along the western and southern coasts (Park and Kim, 1995) and long regarded as the only species cultured in the Korean oyster industry (Yoo, 2000). In recent years, the production of oysters in the South Sea has considerably decreased. Kim et al. (1997) have suggested that adult overexploitation, unstable seed production, disease and deteriorated water quality could be important factors to decline the production of the oyster, but at present unsolved problems to develop a mass and persistent production of seeds in the oyster. To solve this problem, we previously studied the population genetic structure of the oyster in Gamak bay based on a sequencing of mt COI gene and found a homogenous genetic structure (Cho and Jeong, 2008).
Effect of Nozzle Type on the Performance of Bubble Augmented Waterjet Propulsion

Injection of bubbles in a waterjet can significantly augment thrust especially at high bubble volume fractions. A convergent-divergent nozzle could potentially enhance thrust further if choked flow conditions can be achieved. To investigate this potential, two types of nozzles were studied: a divergent-convergent configuration and a convergentdivergent configuration. Investigations included flow visualization, particle image velocimetry, and pressure measurements for different air volume fractions. The convergent-divergent nozzle exhibited at high void fractions some of the anticipated characteristics of supersonic flow; i.e. reversal of pressure and velocity gradients after the throat. It also achieved better thrust augmentation performance than the divergent-convergent nozzle. However, direct observation of a shock in the nozzle remained elusive.
Ride- through capability of grid interfaced variable speed PMSG based WECS

Wind energy, because of its advantages like free availability, abundant amount, inexhaustibility and non-polluting nature is now becoming the focus of research and development. Wind energy generation doesn't cost much with respect to nuclear, coal and gas. It is modular and can be quickly installed. It may provide bulk power equivalent to conventional sources. This paper discusses interconnection issues of PMSG based WECS to the grid as per prevailing grid standards during normal and abnormal conditions. Simulation in MATLAB Simulink is done to demonstrate the fault ride-through topology for PMSG.
TR 17-008 Toward Rigorous Object-Code Coverage Criteria

Object-branch coverage (OBC) is often used as a measure of the thoroughness of tests suites, augmenting or substituting source-code based structural criteria such as branch coverage and modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC). In addition, with the increasing use of third-party components for which source-code access may be unavailable, robust object-code coverage criteria are essential to assess how well the components are exercised during testing. While OBC has the advantage of being programming language independent and is amenable to non-intrusive coverage measurement techniques, variations in compilers, and the optimizations they perform can substantially change what is seen as an object branch, which itself appears to be an informally understood concept. To address the need for a robust object coverage criterion, this paper proposes a rigorous definition of OBC such that it captures well the semantic of source code branches for a given instruction set architecture. We report an empirical assessment of these criteria for the Intel x86 instruction set on several examples from embedded control systems software. Preliminary results indicate that object-code coverage can be made robust to compilation variations and is comparable in its bug-finding efficacy to source level MC/DC.
A Comprehensive Framework for the Analysis of Industry 4.0 Value Domains

Industry 4.0 aims to ensure the future competitiveness of the manufacturing industry by providing Companies with the ability to react to rapid product changes and disturbances, efficiently and reliably, through re-configurability. In this paper, we explore the value creation process within Industry 4.0, with special emphasis on its relationship with mass customization and the sustainability issue. Based on the identified research gaps and opportunities derived from a literature review of relevant concepts, we propose the development of the Customer-Product-Process-Resource (CPPR) 4.0, a comprehensive framework that puts the value proposition-creation-capture cycle proper of an Industry 4.0 environment, in the context of a manufacturing organization’s customer-product-process-resources views. The usefulness of the proposed framework is exemplified by using it to derive system dynamics model of the mass customization paradigm. A discussion of the managerial implications of the obtained results for both the sustainability and the case of Small-to-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is offered at the end of the paper.
Detection of Breathing Damages in Thin Walled Structures Using Lamb Wave Based Nonlinear Technique

The present research focuses on detecting and quantifying breathing dam a es such as crack, delamination, and disbonding which could be present in the thin walled structures. For this purpose, the nonlinear response of Lamb wave induced by the contact nonlinearity at the breathing damage is us d. Th is nonlinear response of Lamb wave appears in the form of higher harmonics and is seen in b oth the experimental and the Finite Element (FE) simulation studies. In the experiments, the piezoelectric wafer tran sducers are used to actuate and sense Lamb wave as these are small in size, cost effective, and can work over a wide range of frequency. In FE simulation, the contact nonlinearity at the breathing damage is modelled usi ng the contact elements and the contact problem is solved using the Augmented Lagrangian algorithm. Furth er, a spectral damage index (SDI) is extracted from the spectral information of the fundamental and all the high r harmonics observed in the Lamb wave response. Value of this damage index is 1 in the case of a pristine specimen and found to be decreasing with increase in the damage size. The trends of the SDI with the chang e in the damage size, found in both the experiments and the simulation are in close agreement. Therefore, it can be s id that the nonlinear behaviour of Lamb wave can be well used to detect and predict severity of the breathin g damages in the thin walled structures with the help of the SDI.