Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Proportions of Activated and Proliferating Memory CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Both Blood and Lung are Associated with Blood HIV Viral Load

One mechanism of HIV pathogenesis has been proposed to be the activation of T lymphocytes, resulting in proliferation and decreased survival of these activated cells. Others have suggested that co-infections may exacerbate this process. These hypotheses were tested by examining the relationship between HIV blood viral load with the proportion of activated and proliferating CD8+ lymphocytes in lung and blood. In the lung these responses were compared in patients with or without respiratory pathogens. Thirty-five HIV-positive patients and five controls underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL and blood samples were fixed and permeabilized and the proportions of memory CD8+ lymphocytes that expressed the activation marker CD38 and the cell cycling marker Ki67 were measured by flow cytometry. CD38bright CD8+ lymphocytes from both sites increased with increasing blood viral load. In BAL there was no significant difference between the CD38 activation status in those with respiratory pathogens compared with those without. More CD38bright CD8+ lymphocytes expressed Ki67 when compared with the CD38dim lymphocytes. These findings provide evidence that HIV is the primary factor in stimulating CD8+ cell activation.
Frequency selection in time-dependent open flows

This paper studies the process by which open flows select a global frequency of oscillation. Two model systems are presented: the canonical flow past a circular cylinder; and the flow over an open rectangular cavity. The method used is a global linear stability analysis of the time-mean flow. For both the model systems, this method is shown to very accurately capture the saturated global frequency of the flow, even at Reynolds numbers far beyond that at which the flow becomes unsteady. Additionally, the time-mean flow in both systems is shown to be close to marginally stable over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, an important finding in the effort to understand the nonlinear saturation process.
Success and failure factors of adopting SAP in ERP system implementation

Purpose – Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are software packages that allow companies to have more real time visibility and control over their operations. This paper aims to investigate and analyze common circumstances that occur within most ERP projects, and determines the areas that are key to success versus those that contribute to failure.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a content analysis of published articles reporting SAP implementations in 44 companies.Findings – Identifies six common factors that are indicative of successful or non‐successful SAP implementations. It has been found that the lack of appropriate culture and organizational (internal) readiness as the most important factor contributing to failure of SAP implementations in 15 companies. The presence of project management approaches and appropriate culture and organizational (internal) readiness are the most important factors contributing to the success of SAP implementations in 29 organizations.Research lim.
Ontologies and Context for Educational Process Modeling in IMS Learning Design

1 Simon Fraser University, Canada. Email cjk2@sfu.ca 2 Simon Fraser University, Canada. Email: dgasevic@sfu.ca 3 Simon Fraser University, Canada. Email: griff@sfu.ca Abstract. This paper discusses the role of context and ontologies in educational process modeling. Educational process modeling seeks to represent the complex interactions that take place in multi-actor learning environments, with the view that the sequence and types of interactions can be equally as important as the sequence and types of content. The IMS Learning Design specification provides the semantics to represent multi-actor interactions within an educational process, and the IDLD project has resulted in a substantial catalogue of Learning Design models from a variety of contexts. To facilitate reuse of these models in different contexts, ontologies have been developed based on the IMS Learning Design specification and we propose to use context to determine the relevance of Learning Design models when used in new situations to guide the learning process.
Nitrogen Incorporation in CH4-N2 Photochemical Aerosol Produced by Far UV Irradiation

a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 699, Greenbelt, MD 20771 5 b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 c Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 d Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 10
Anaphylactic hyposensitization of rat mast cells in vitro by antigen.

Anaphylactic hyposensitization of rat mast cells in vitro was demonstrated by preincubating the cells with specific antigen in suboptimal concentrations. The reduction of the histamine release was more pronounced when the cells were pre-incubated with increasing concentrations of antigen than with the final concentration. The inhibition remained unchanged for more than 3 hr. Non-specific antigen did not influence the histamine release, whereas a 70% inhibition was demonstrated by specific antigen. In rats sensitized to two different antigens, preincubation with one of these inhibited the subsequent histamine release induced by either of the two antigens. The hyposensitization could not be ascribed to blocking antibodies.
The a 2 A-Adrenergic Receptor Plays a Protective Role in Mouse Behavioral Models of Depression and Anxiety

The noradrenergic system is involved in the regulation of many physiological and psychological processes, including the modulation of mood. The a2-adrenergic receptors (a2-ARs) modulate norepinephrine release, as well as the release of serotonin and other neurotransmitters, and are therefore potential targets for antidepressant and anxiolytic drug development. The current studies were undertaken to examine the role of the a2A subtype of a2-AR in mouse behavioral models of depression and anxiety. We have observed that the genetic knock-out of the a2A-AR makes mice less active in a modified version of Porsolt’s forced swim test and insensitive to the antidepressant effects of the tricyclic drug imipramine in this paradigm. Furthermore, a2A-AR knock-out mice appear more anxious than wild-type C57 Bl/6 mice in the rearing and light–dark models of anxiety after injection stress. These findings suggest that the a2A-AR may play a protective role in some forms of depression and anxiety and that the antidepressant effects of imipramine may be mediated by the a2A-AR.
Hepatocyte growth factor favors monocyte differentiation into regulatory interleukin ( IL )-10 + + IL-12 low / neg accessory cells with dendritic cell features aSergio

1 Author contributions are as follows: SR: conception of the research reported in the paper, flow cytometry, statistical analyses, writing of the manuscript and review of the accuracy of the reported results; GB, AP, AM, ADF, SP, AC, GS, DGdR: Cell cultures, immunocytochemistry, molecular biology, ELISAs SD: Immunoblotting FN, GP, LP: Molecular biology SS, RM, SF: DNA microarray analysis and review of the accuracy of the reported results; GL and RML: contributed to conception of the research and interpretation of the data; RML and RM: contributed to manuscript writing. Blood First Edition Paper, prepublished online March 9, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3141
Quantum Coherent Tunable Coupling of Superconducting Qubits

To do large-scale quantum information processing, it is necessary to control the interactions between individual qubits while retaining quantum coherence. To this end, superconducting circuits allow for a high degree of flexibility. We report on the time-domain tunable coupling of optimally biased superconducting flux qubits. By modulating the nonlinear inductance of an additional coupling element, we parametrically induced a two-qubit transition that was otherwise forbidden. We observed an on/off coupling ratio of 19 and were able to demonstrate a simple quantum protocol.
A Novel Phosphatidic Acid-selective Phospholipase A1That Produces Lysophosphatidic Acid*

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator with diverse biological properties, although its synthetic pathways have not been completely solved. We report the cloning and characterization of a novel phosphatidic acid (PA)-selective phospholipase A1 (PLA1) that produces 2-acyl-LPA. The PLA1 was identified in the GenBankTM data base as a close homologue of phosphatidylserine (PS)-specific PLA1(PS-PLA1). When expressed in insect Sf9 cells, this enzyme was recovered from the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction and did not show any catalytic activity toward exogenously added phospholipid substrates. However, culture medium obtained from Sf9 cells expressing the enzyme was found to activate EDG7/LPA3, a cellular receptor for 2-acyl-LPA. The activation of EDG7 was further enhanced when the cells were treated with phorbol ester or a bacterial phospholipase D, suggesting involvement of phospholipase D in the process. In the latter condition, an increased level of LPA, but not other lysophospholipids, was confirmed by mass spectrometry analyses. Expression of the enzyme is observed in several human tissues such as prostate, testis, ovary, pancreas, and especially platelets. These data show that the enzyme is a membrane-associated PA-selective PLA1 and suggest that it has a role in LPA production.
The nimorazole regimen in patients with head and neck cancer can increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists

Interaction with vitamin K antagonists can lead to serious adverse reactions [1]. Metronidazole inhibits CYP2C9, which metabolizes vitamin K antagonists [2]. Nimorazole is a 5-nitroimidazole, which is closely related to metronidazole in structure and activity. Nimorazole is used as a hypoxic sensitizer concomitantly with radiotherapy for head and neck cancers [3] and could from the similarities with metronidazole theoretically lead to increased effect of anticoagulant therapy [4].
Mosquito Immunity against Arboviruses

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) pose a significant threat to global health, causing human disease with increasing geographic range and severity. The recent availability of the genome sequences of medically important mosquito species has kick-started investigations into the molecular basis of how mosquito vectors control arbovirus infection. Here, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of the mosquito immune system in antiviral defense, interactions between arboviruses and fundamental cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, and arboviral suppression of mosquito defense mechanisms. This knowledge provides insights into co-evolutionary processes between vector and virus and also lays the groundwork for the development of novel arbovirus control strategies that target the mosquito vector.
Is the Wii Fit™ a new-generation tool for improving balance, health and well-being? A pilot study

Background The Nintendo Wii Fit™ is a new product that is purported to improve balance, strength, flexibility, fitness and general well-being. Currently, there are no controlled trials published to support such claims. Aim The aim of this research was to determine the feasibility of Wii Fit™ in improving balance, strength, flexibility and fitness for healthy women aged between 30 and 60 years. Method Ten women aged 30–58 years were recruited to the study. Intervention involved a 30-min session, twice weekly for 10 weeks. The manufacturer's pre-programmed Wii Fit™ regime determined for age and physical ability was followed. All women were assessed before and after the 10 weeks' intervention. Demographic information collected included age, weight, and self-reported information related to habitual physical activity, regular medication, hormone replacement therapy and well-being. Balance measures included the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Integration of Balance, reaction time and unilateral stance with velocity of sway recorded. Clinical measures of balance and mobility included the Step Test, the timed Up & Go test (TUG) and the TUGcognitive. Somatosensory testing included touch, vibration and knee-joint re-positioning ability; ankle flexibility and the muscle strengths of quadriceps, hip abductors and adductors were also measured. Cardiovascular fitness was measured using a 6-min walk test. Results Balance (unilateral stance, eyes open (p < 0.05) and lower limb muscle strength (p < 0.05) showed significant improvement but changes in touch, vibration, proprioception, cardiovascular endurance, mobility, weight change, activity level and well-being were not significant. Conclusion Activity fostered by Wii Fit™ showed an immediate effect on balance and strength that needs confirmation by statistically powered studies.
Pattern Structures for Risk Group Identification

Today personalized medicine is one of the most popular interdisciplinary research field, risk group identification being one of its most important tasks. Even though the first attempts to estimate the effect of patient’s characteristics on the outcome were proposed in statistics in the middle of the twentieth century, it is still an open question how to explore such effects properly. In this paper we propose a trial version of the approach to risk group specification based on pattern structures and competing risk estimation, and discuss further steps of research on its performance and specificity.
Pakistani women's perceptions and experiences of incontinence.

AIM To investigate the perceptions and experience of Pakistani women who have urinary incontinence problems. METHOD Data were collected from a sample group of six Pakistani women with incontinence problems. A female Miripuri Punjabi speaker conducted and recorded semi-structured interviews with the women. The interviewer interpreted these recordings onto another tape. Data were then analysed and categorised. RESULTS The women had low self-esteem and also felt sinful because of their incontinence. Muslim women are obliged to perform ritual cleansing and prayer five times a day. If they pass urine or faeces, or experience incontinence, they become unclean and prayer is denied until the act of ritual cleansing is repeated. The women used prayer to relieve stress caused by incontinence, but being unclean denied them this comfort, thus increasing stress. Some participants had become secretive and isolated. The women had developed three strategies to help them live with incontinence: risk reduction to reduce the number of incidents; management, which focused on coping with incontinent episodes; and problem-sharing with other women. Their inhibitions and language limitations prevented them from disclosing their problems clearly to health professionals and fully understanding advice they received. These inhibitions were reduced when they were treated by a female health professional. Having an interpreter present also increased satisfaction with treatment. CONCLUSION To provide an effective continence service to Pakistani women with incontinence, it is necessary for healthcare professionals to understand their cultural and religious identities.
Exploring characteristics of video consuming behaviour in different social media using K-pop videos

Differences in user behaviours appearing across different social media are yet to be explored. This paper aims to investigate aspects of the way users consume Web videos, which is a specific cultural behaviour, reflected in different social media. Specifically, we looked at YouTube K-pop videos viewed on YouTube or mentioned on Twitter, which were collected by Web crawling and used for building the respective networks. The node of the networks is the video, and the edges are the relatedness in the YouTube network and the co-link relationships in the Twitter network. Multilateral analysis is conducted to compare two networks. We found that users focused heavily on K-pop music in the YouTube network whereas they were engaged in a more diverse range of cultural contents including music, dance and TV programmes in the Twitter network. This study can be extended to the other user studies to better understand user behaviour of social media.
Insulin (INS) promoter vntr polymorphisms: interactions and association with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Bengali speaking patients of Eastern India.

West Bengal, India 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600 116, India 3 Department of Human Genetics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India 4 Endocrinology Department, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India 5 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata, India 6 Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, 110 007, Delhi, India Original Research Article
Outlier detection based on rough sets theory

An outlier in a dataset is a point or a class of points that is considerably dissimilar to or inconsistent with the remainder of the data. Detection of outliers is important for many applications and has always attracted attention among data mining research community. In this paper, a new method in detecting outlier based on Rough Sets Theory is proposed. The main concept of using the Rough Sets for outlier detection is to discover Non-Reduct from the information system (IS). Non-Reduct is a set of attributes from IS that may contain outliers. It is discovered through the computation of Non-Reduct by defining Indiscernibility matrix modulo (iDMM D) and Indiscernibility function modulo (iDFM D). A measurement called RSetOF (Rough Set Outlier Factor Value) is hereby defined to identify and detect outlier objects. Extensive experiments were conducted where ten benchmark datasets were tested with the proposed method. To evaluate the effectiveness of performance of the proposed method, RSetAlg is compared to the Frequent Pattern (FindFPOF) method. The experimental result reveals that the approach utilised is a good outlier detection method compared to FindFPOF method. Thus, this proposed method has formed a novel and competitive method in outlier detection.
Assessment of heart rate and electrodermal activity during sustained attention to response tests

Heart rate variation and electrodermal activity are both affected by the autonomic nervous system's response to psychological and emotional activity. The objective of this work is to use measures of these indices of autonomic function to assess the emotional responses of subjects undergoing a sustained attention to response test (SART). Errors of commission (failure to withhold responding to the no-go target), errors of omission (failure to respond on go trials), and response times were analyzed in conjunction with heart rate and electrodermal measurements. Errors of omission were the most common errors made by participants while errors of commission occurred less frequently with both showing considerable skin conductance rises in subjects who made few errors. The RR interval tachogram showed little correlation to errors of commission, omission or electrodermal measures. However, the mean RR interval after a commission error increased in subjects with low error rates. Also analysis of the low frequency component of the RR interval variation displayed an amplitude variation, which did show close correlation and synchronization with electrodermal activity in some subjects. The results suggest that autonomic outflow affecting electrodermal activity during the SART test also affects heart rate variation and the use of both measures of autonomic function may give a beneficial and complementary insight into physiological responses to psychological and emotional states.
Improving schema issue advisor in the Azure SQL database

An analysis of the telemetry data in the Azure SQL database reveals that the most frequent anomalies are due to the schema inconsistency errors which impairs normal functioning of the customer applications. We assumed that direct e-mail notifications to the customers could shorten time to resolve the problems. The benefits are first validated by sending e-mail recommendations manually. Then, an improved schema advisor which detects anomalies and automatically sends the appropriate notifications to the customers. Implementation which respects the feedback from the users was accompanied by continuous testing process as a modern way of a new feature development. Evaluation in a prolonged period confirmed the expected benefits.
Investigation into the feasibility of using PRESAGE™/optical-CT dosimetry for the verification of gating treatments

This work presents an investigation into the use of PRESAGE™ dosimeters with an optical-CT scanner as a 3D dosimetry system for quantitative verification of respiratory-gated treatments. The CIRS dynamic thorax phantom was modified to incorporate a moving PRESAGE™ dosimeter-simulating respiration motion in the lungs. A simple AP/PA lung treatment plan was delivered three times to the phantom containing a different but geometrically identical PRESAGE™ insert each time. Each delivery represented a treatment scenario: static, motion (free-breathing) and gated. The dose distributions, in the three dosimeters, were digitized by the optical-CT scanner. Improved optical-CT readout yielded an increased signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 3 and decreased reconstruction artifacts compared with prior work. Independent measurements of dose distributions were obtained in the central plane using EBT film. Dose distributions were normalized to a point corresponding to the 100% isodose region prior to the measurement of dose profiles and gamma maps. These measurements were used to quantify the agreement between measured and ECLIPSE® dose distributions. Average gamma pass rates between PRESAGE™ and EBT were >99% (criteria 3% dose difference and 1.2 mm distance-to-agreement) for all three treatments. Gamma pass rates between PRESAGE™ and ECLIPSE® 3D dose distributions showed excellent agreement for the gated treatment (100% pass rate), but poor for the motion scenario (85% pass rate). This work demonstrates the feasibility of using PRESAGE™/optical-CT 3D dosimetry to verify gating-enabled radiation treatments. The capability of the Varian gating system to compensate for motion in this treatment scenario was demonstrated.
Simulation and Two-Objective Optimization of the Electromagnetic-Railgun Model Considering VSEC Resistance and Contact Resistance

A novel electric-circuit simulation model considering the contact and interface physics for electromagnetic railgun is suggested. The contact velocity skin-effect resistance and the contact resistance are considered. The pulsed-power supply is implemented with Simplorer V8, and the railgun is modeled by Matlab/Simulink. The data exchange is controlled by Simplorer V8. Nine experimental data have been used to validate the new model. Then, based on the validated model, a two-objective optimization pursuing both the highest velocity and the highest efficiency is carried out with the help of iSIGHT.