Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel fluorescence probe of dsDNA-templated copper nanoclusters for quantitative detection of microRNAs

We have developed a facile and label-free method for sequence-specific microRNA detection using fluorescent dsDNA-templated copper nanoclusters as signal indicators. It is designed such that, the miRNA targets are transferred to the oligonucleotide reporters and act as the scaffold for the synthesis of fluorescent copper nanoclusters via an isothermal exponential amplification reaction, in which the unimolecular DNA designed for miRNA targets is employed as the amplification template with polymerases and nicking enzymes as mechanical activators. Under the selected conditions, the proposed assay allowed sensitive and selective detection of miRNAs with a linear range from 1 pM to 10 nM.
Effects of product information and consumer attitudes on responses to milk and soybean vanilla beverages

BACKGROUND: A study was made into how the type of information (picture of real package or card with beverage type and nutritional facts) and consumer attitudes (interest in eating healthily and food neophobia) affect hedonic ratings and purchase intention with respect to milk and soybean vanilla beverages and to what extent the expectations created by information influence the hedonic ratings of these products. RESULTS: A significant effect of the interaction between samples and information type was detected for both expected acceptability and purchase intention when only information about the samples was provided. The effect of this interaction was significant for acceptability ratings when the samples were evaluated together with corresponding information. The acceptability and purchase intention for two soymilk samples were significantly higher for consumers interested in eating healthily. Both types of information generated an assimilation effect for four samples; however, only for milk beverages was this effect complete. CONCLUSION: Information affected purchase intention to a greater extent than it did hedonic ratings. Type of information significantly affected hedonic ratings in most samples, although sensory quality seemed more decisive for two of the soymilk samples. The extent to which information influenced consumer behaviour was also dependent on some consumer attitudes, such as interest in eating healthily. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential of light trapping in microcrystalline silicon solar cells with textured substrates

The real and potential benefits of light trapping in microcrystalline silicon single‐junction solar cells are studied theoretically. Effects of a hypothetical high haze parameter of textured transparent conductive oxide on quantum efficiency and short‐circuit current of the solar cell are analysed by numerical simulation. The role of the angular distribution function of scattered light as a second important scattering parameter is shown. The potential thickness reductions of the intrinsic layer due to enhanced light trapping are demonstrated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
History matching of high- and low-quality steamfloods in Kern River field, California

This paper reports that history matches of high- and low-quality five-spot steamfloods were developed for the Kern River oil field in California. A uniform set of guidelines was then developed for predictive purposes. Oil and water production rates and cumulative productions were matched. Satisfactory predictions of steam breakthrough times, oil saturation profiles, and temperature profiles were also achieved. Increased vertical transmissibility at the injectors, relative permeability curve modifications, and accurate reservoir descriptions were required to achieve the matches.
Numerical Simulation of Forced Convective Flow and Heat Transfer in Gravitationally Inclined Circular Pipes with Equi-Spaced Internal Fins

The paper investigated forced convective fluid flow and heat transfer in gravitationally oriented circular ducts with equi-spaced internal longitudinal fins for the purpose of augmenting heat transfer in heat exchangers of circular cross-section. Navier-Stokes equation of motion and energy transport equation were adopted as the governing equations for the fluid flowing in the geometry. The governing equations were non-dimensionalized using certain defined transformation parameters. A computational algorithm was developed based on the finite difference scheme for the normalized governing equations. A Quick-BASIC program was developed for the implementation of the scheme. The computed results show that between 0 0 -15 0 pipe inclinations, there is a rapid increase in heat transfer enhancement which slowly increases towards 75 0 inclination and remains almost a plateau up to the vertical position of the pipe. It was discovered that although increased fin height above H = 0.2 increases the heat transfer surface area: parameters of fluid volume and flow velocity are adversely affected and therefore, any protrusion beyond H = 0.2 is a waste of material and resources. Reduction of fin half angle positively affects the heat augmentation. For an inclination range of o o 8 0   , increase in the number of fins increases the mean Nusselt number. The effect of ratio of conductivity of solid to fluid on heat transfer was found to be significant only for high Prandtl number fluid flow. This investigation does not only provide consistent results with those previously computed via fluid flow and heat transfer in circular ducts with longitudinal internal fins but also emphasize critically the influence of pipe
Characterization of epoxy–clay hybrid composite prepared by emulsion polymerization

This article demonstrates the direct intercalation of an epoxy polymer in the interlayer of Na+–montmorillonite (MMT) by a step type of polymerization in an aqueous emulsion media. The synthesis and the results of structural and thermal characterizations for this hybrid composite are described. Equimolar quantities of bisphenol A and an epoxy prepolymer (n = 0.2) in an emulsion media were polymerized in the presence of Na+–MMT. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data obtained from the acetone-extracted products show that the basal spacing of the MMT is expanded from 0.96 to 1.64 nm. Thermal characterization for the postcured products by TGA and DSC gave evidence of enhanced thermal stabilities. SEM examination of the uncured products revealed that a disordered phase begins to appear with increasing polymer loading. However, the XRD profile supported that an overwhelming fraction of the nanocomposite contains intercalated clay. Also, the possibility of intercalation by the emulsion technique is proposed on the basis of the swelling characteristics of MMT in aqueous media and the sizes of micelles containing a monomer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1997–2005, 1998
Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite

The crystal structure of synthetic forsterite has been studied as a function of temperature and pressure. Crystal structures have been refined from three-dimensiona l diffraction data collected at temperatures from -196°C to 1020°C and at pressures to 50 kbar. Volume compressibility and thermal expansion of individual magnesium octahedra are comparable to those of bulk foresterite. However, the silicon tetrahedron neither expands nor compresses within the range of conditions investigated. Thus, changes in Mg-0 bond distances account for virtually all of forsterite's volume response to changes in temperature and pressure. Short Mg-0 bonds vary significantly less with temperature and pressure than do long bonds, implying that shorter bonds are stronger. Octahedral distortions increase with temperature, but show no strong trends with increasing pressure.
Iron-induced copper deficiency in calves: dose-response relationships and interactions with molybdenum and sulphur

The effects of dietary supplements of iron, molybdenum and sulphur on copper metabolism in calves were examined. In one experiment, 27 castrated male pre-ruminant Friesian calves were given a milk-substitute ration containing 0·9, 4·5 or 9 mmol iron per kg dry matter for 8 weeks. The iron supplements had no effect on liver copper retention. When 24 of these calves were then given a diet based on barley grains and barley straw containing 0, 4·5, 9 or 13·5 mmols iron per kg for up to 24 weeks, liver and plasma copper concentrations were greatly reduced in all iron-supplemented animals but no clinical signs of copper deficiency developed. Reduction in the dietary sulphur concentration from 88 o t 47 mmol/kg after 12 weeks did not prevent the iron-induced reduction in liver copper concentrations n i animals given 9 or 13·5 mmol iron per kg. Plasma copper concentrations increased in all iron-treated calves given the low-sulphur diets, except in animals given 13·5 mmol iron per kg. The results indicate that iron is a potent antagonist of copper metabolism in weaned calves and that its effects are probably independent of dietary sulphur supply. In a second experiment 20 Hereford × Friesian female calves were given diets with supplements of 2·7 mmol iron and 20 μmol molybdenum per kg, separately and together, for 41 weeks. Both supplements reduced liver and plasma copper concentrations but only in the molybdenum-treated animals were live-weight gains reduced. The rate of decline in liver and plasma copper concentrations tended to be greatest in animals given both supplements, indicating that additive action of these antagonists is possible.
Evaluation of an aluminum digestion block for routine total soil phosphorus determination by alkaline hypobromite oxidation

Abstract Total soil P was determined in six soils differing in pH, and in organic matter, total Fe, clay and sand contents. This study was undertaken to determine whether replacement of a sand bath.digestion procedure by an Al‐block digestion procedure affected the efficacy of an alkaline NaOBr method for determining total soil P. An Al digestion block was used for soil oxidation with NaOBr‐NaOH and the results were compared with a sand bath NaOBr method and a HC1O4 method. Temperature variability was very low in the digestion block (S.D.= ±1.4°C) when compared with the sand bath (S.D.= +20.1°C). The digestion block resulted in a greater precision in total P determination when compared to the sand bath (S.D.= ±3.7 vs. ±5.6, respectively). Linear relationships were obtained with the sand bath digestion technique (R2 = 0.981) and with the HC1O4 method (R2 = 0.982). Using an Al digestion block for NaOBr‐NaOH oxidation of soils for total P determination allows for a simple, precise alternative to sand bath di.
Odyssey 2018 - Speaker Diarization based on Bayesian HMM with Eigenvoice Priors

Diarization Mireia Diez, Lukas Burget and Pavel Matejka Nowadays, most speaker diarization methods address the task in two steps: segmentation of the input conversation into (preferably) speaker homogeneous segments, and clustering. Generally, different models and techniques are used for the two steps. In this paper we present a very elegant approach where a straightforward and efficient Variational Bayes (VB) inference in a single probabilistic model addresses the complete SD problem. Our model is a Bayesian Hidden Markov Model, in which states represent speaker specific distributions and transitions between states represent speaker turns. As in the ivector or JFA models, speaker distributions are modeled by GMMs with parameters constrained by eigenvoice priors. This allows to robustly estimate the speaker models from very short speech segments. The model, which was released as open source code and has already been used by several labs, is fully described for the first time in this paper. We present results and the system is compared and combined with other state-of-the-art approaches. The model provides the best results reported so far on the CALLHOME dataset. Cite as: Diez, M. , Burget, L. , Matejka, P. (2018) Speaker Diarization based on Bayesian HMM with Eigenvoice Priors . Proc. Odyssey 2018 The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop, 147-154, DOI: 10.21437/Speaker Odyssey.2018-21.
Silica Colloids and their Effect on Radionuclide Sorption - Experimental Study

Non-cementitious grouts have been tested in ONKALO for the sealing of fractures with the small hydraulic aperture. A non-cementitious inorganic grout material for sealing the fractures of the apertures less than 0.05 mm is colloidal silica called silica sol. In this work, the release of silica colloids from the silica sol gel, the stability of silica sol colloids and sorption of Europium–152 on silica sol colloids were determined in saline OLSO and low salinity Allard groundwater simulates, de–ionized water and NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. The salinity of groundwater had a significant influence on the release and stability of silica colloids. In OLSO, particle size distribution was at first wide from nanometres to thousands of nanometres. According to the disappearance of large particles, aggregation and sedimentation had been occurred after one year. Zeta potential values around zero indicated the instability of colloids. In Allard, particle size distribution was narrow and the particle diameter remained less than 60 nm. High negative zeta potential values were in accordance with the existence of stable silica colloids. Europium sorption on silica sol colloids was significantly dependent on solution pH. The Kd–values were 2–10 m 3 kg -1 for OLSO pH 7–8 and Allard pH 8–9 and 100–140 m 3 kg -1 for OLSO pH 10–11. In OLSO pH 10–11 samples Eu–152 was rapidly sorbed onto silica sol colloids and measured radioactivity in a liquid phase was at the background level resulting in inaccurate Kd determination. The concentrations of the released silica colloids were some higher than concentrations of natural colloids determined in granitic groundwater. The main uncertainties remain in the quantification of colloid generation under realistic repository conditions and how mobile colloids are. Irreversible sorption on silica colloids may increase radionuclide transport if colloids are sufficiently stable. Under the prevailing medium saline to saline groundwater conditions in Olkiluoto, no significant release of colloids from silica sol is expected but the possible influence of glacial melt waters and the synergy of bentonite and silica colloids has to be considered.
UV light source for next generation immunoassay analyzer

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Enhanced salt-adsorption capacity of ambient pressure dried carbon aerogel activated by CO2 for capacitive deionization application

AbstractCarbon aerogels (CAs) were prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde using ambient drying technique and were further activated by CO2. These were investigated for capacitive deionization (CDI) application. The gel parameters were optimized to obtain mesoporous CA with pore size distribution in 8–10 nm. The CA was further subjected to CO2 activation at 950°C for different time durations and its effect on surface properties was studied. The surface area of the activated CA increased from 698 to 2057 m2/g with corresponding increase in mesopore area from 289 to 644 m2/g. The pore volume also increased from 0.79 to 1.72 cm3/g. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on the test electrodes and specific capacitance values of 108 F/g was measured at scan rate of 10 mV/s in 1 M NaCl. Electrodes of size 200 × 200 mm were synthesized with an active material loading of ~15 mg/cm2 and their CDI performance was evaluated in batch mode experiment. Salt-adsorption capacity as high as 8.4 mg/g for CO2 .
Microfluidic-assisted growth of colloidal crystals†

We investigate the concentration process of dilute dispersions of charge-stabilized colloids using a dedicated microfluidic tool based on evaporation. We observe the nucleation and growth of colloidal crystals with typical dimensions of 10 × 50 μm2 × several millimetres whose growth kinetics and structures are characterized using optical, confocal, and electron microscopy. We demonstrate with systematic screening experiments that microfluidics yields a precise control on the growth pace of these dense organized colloidal states. We then predict the growth rate of these colloidal structures with a model of the suspension (hard-spheres) that accounts for a diverging collective diffusion coefficient near the close-packing; this description helps us understand why the kinetics can be anticipated on the basis of a simple conservation law. Finally, our experiments unveil the important role played by ions which are also present in the initial dilute dispersion and therefore also get concentrated simultaneously with colloids, and their influence on the ordering.
Mechanism of Adsorption and Desorption of Water Vapor by Homoionic Montmorillonite: 3. The Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ Exchanged Forms

The swelling of some well-defined Mg-, Ca-, Sr- and Ba- homoionic montmorillonites was studied in the domain of water relative pressures lower than 0.95. This involves the expansion of the crystal lattice itself, commonly known as the “interlamellar expansion” or “inner crystalline swelling”. The initial freeze-dried clays were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption volumetry and controlled transformation rate thermal analysis. The evolution of the structural and textural properties of these different clays at different stages of hydration and dehydration was investigated using water adsorption gravimetry, immersion microcalorimetry at different precoverage water vapor relative pressures and X-raydiffraction (XRD) under controlled humidity conditions. Large textural variations are observed in the dry state depending on the exchangeable cations. The 2-layer hydrate exhibits the most ordered layer stacking. Water is mainly adsorbed in the interlamellar space. With increasing water pressure, each homoionic species leads to a 1-layer hydrate and, with the exception of Ba-montmorillonite, to a predominant 2-layer hydrate. The relative pressure corresponding to the formation of the 2-layer hydrate decreases with increasing hydration energy of the interlayer cation. For Ca-, Sr- or Mg-montmoriHonites, simulation of XRD patterns leads to the definition of successive homogeneous states corresponding to the 2-layer hydrate. Furthermore, it yields the water filling ratio corresponding to the different hydration states during adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
O–H torsional vibrations in the S0 and S1 states of catechol

A spectroscopic study of supersonic jet‐cooled catechol (1,2‐dihydroxybenzene) and its d1‐ and d2‐isotopomers, deuterated at the hydroxy groups, was performed by resonant two‐photon ionization (R2PI) and fluorescence emission techniques, and supplemented by molecular‐beam hole‐burning experiments. The latter prove that one single rotamer of catechol is dominant under molecular beam conditions. The complicated vibrational structure in the S0→S1 spectrum from the 000 band to 400 cm−1 above is not due to three different rotamers, as previously thought, but is due to the excitation of a vibrational progression associated mainly with the torsion of the hydroxy groups. The torsional bands are very prominent in the R2PI spectra, but are weak in the emission spectra. Detailed analysis of the torsional bands was based on a fit to the S1 and S0 state frequencies and the Franck–Condon factors in absorption and emission, using a double‐minimum potential for the S1 state and a harmonic potential for the S0 state. In t.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Metal-Organic Framework Containing Large Rectangular Channels

The great importance of microporous solids such as zeolites in adsorption, ion exchange, and shape-selective catalysis has stemmed from their ability to reversibly bind molecules and ions within their extended channels. ' Recently, a major research effort has focused on using the molecular building block approach to generate analogous materials with 3-D organic? metal-~rganic,~ and inorganic4 frameworks. Strategies for the construction of these solids have respectively utilized hydrogenbonding interactions, metal-ligand coordination, and metalcluster copolymerization reactions to link their molecular components. A number of such frameworks have been found to exhibit desirable zeolitic properties such as stability and microporosity of the f r a m e w ~ r k , ~ ~ . ~ guest e x ~ h a n g e , ~ ~ , ~ and selective catalytic activityS6 In this report we present hydrothermal synthesis as a route to accessing crystalline, metal-organic, open frameworks having extended channel systems and composed of uncommon metal coordination. This will be demonstrated by describing the synthesis, structure, and properties of the extended network in crystalline Cu(4,4'-bpy)1 . s*NO~(HZO)I.Z~. A mixture of Cu(NO3)2*2.5H20 (0.17 g, 0.74 mmol), 4,4'bpy (0.17 g, 1.1 1 mmol), and 1,3,5-triazine (0.040 g, 0.49 "01) in 15 mL of deionized water was transferred to a stainless steel bomb, which was sealed and placed in a programmable fumace. The temperature was raised to 140 "C at 5 deglmin and held at that temperature for 24 h, then cooled at 0.1 deglmin to 90 OC and held for 12 h, then cooled at the same rate to 70 "C and held for another 12 h, and finally cooled down to room temperature at 0.1 deglmin. The resulting rectangular parallelepiped orange crystals of Cu(4,4'-bpy), . 5*N03(H20)1.25 were collected and washed with deionized water (3 x 5 mL) and ethanol (2 x 5 mL) and then air dried to give 0.25 g (87% yield based on b p ~ ) . ~ , ~ This compound is stable in air and is insoluble in water and common organic solvents. X-ray structure determination9 on a single crystal isolated from the reaction mixture was performed to reveal an extended cationic framework constructed from the building unit shown in Figure 1. Here, symmetry equivalent and slightly distorted trigonal planar copper(1) centers (N7-Cu-N1 = 125.4(2)", N13a-Cu-N1 = 125.7(2)", and N13a-Cu-N7 = 108.5(2)")
Polylactide-Layered Silicate Nanocomposite: A Novel Biodegradable Material

This letter describes the preparation, characterization, material properties, and biodegradability of polylactide (PLA)-layered silicate nanocomposite. Montmorillonite modified with trimethyl octadecylammonium cation was used as an organically modified layered silicate (OMLS) for the nanocomposite preparation. WAXD and TEM analyses respectively confirmed that silicate layers of the montmorillonite were intercalated and nicely distributed in the PLA-matrix. The material properties of neat PLA improved remarkably after nancomposite preparation. The biodegradability of the neat PLA and corresponding nanocomposite was studied under compost, and the rate of biodegradation of neat PLA increased significantly after nanocomposite preparation.