Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization Of Arsd: An Arsenic Chaperone For The Arsab As(iii)-Translocating Atpase

CHARACTERIZATION OF ArsD: AN ARSENIC CHAPERONE FOR ArsAB AS(III)-TRANSLOCATING ATPase by JIANBO YANG August 2010 Advisor: Dr. Barry P. Rosen Major: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Arsenic is a metalloid toxicant that is widely distributed throughout the earth’s crust and causes a variety of health and environment problems. As an adaptation to arsenic-contaminated environments, organisms have developed resistance systems. In bacteria and archaea various ars operons encode ArsAB ATPases that pump the trivalent metalloids As(III) or Sb(III) out of cells. In these operons, an arsD gene is almost always adjacent to the arsA gene, suggesting a related function. ArsA is the catalytic subunit of the pump that hydrolyzes ATP in the presence of arsenite or antimonite. ArsB is a membrane protein which containing arsenite-conducting pathway. ArsA forms complex with ArsB, therefore ATP hydrolysis is coupled to extrusion of As(III) or Sb(III) through ArsB. Most transition and heavy metal ions do not exist as free ions in the cytosol but are sequestered by a variety of proteins called metal ion chaperones, scaffolds or intracellular carriers. ArsD was recently shown to be a chaperone for transfer of cytosolic As(III) to the 583-residue ArsA ATPase, the catalytic subunit of the efflux pump. ArsD is a 120-residue protein with three conserved cysteine residues, Cys12, Cys13 and Cys18 required for chaperone activity. ArsA exhibits a low, basal rate of ATPase
Volcanic Perturbations of Stratospheric Ozone in Contemporary and Future Atmospheres

Volcanic eruption columns possess the potential to transport great quantities of reactive gases to the stratosphere where they might subsequently interact with ozone. While explosive volcanic eruptions currently increase rates of ozone-loss catalysis due to an enhancement in the availability of reactive chlorine following the stratospheric injection of sulfur, future eruptions are expected to enhance total column ozone as halogen loading approaches pre-industrial levels. In this thesis, the sensitivity of the ozone layer to future Pinatubo-like volcanic eruptions is explored in the context of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) greenhouse gas emission trajectories. Heterogeneous chemical effects following large eruptions are evaluated in a variety of future atmospheres spanning contemporary times to the year 2100. Differences between the models become evident following an analysis of vertical profile response and total column response. Sensitivity studies are performed to evaluate the effect of stratospheric temperature, methane burden, and hemispheric mass loading. A predictive random forest regression model is developed and employed to account for the difference between prescribed RCP and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) halocarbon decay rates. While the ozone layer is found to be more sensitive to volcanic perturbation under WMO
Semi-automatic mapping of cultural heritage from airborne laser scanning using deep learning

However, the performance of the automatic detection methods varies substantially between ALS datasets. For the mapping of deer hunting systems on flat gravel and sand sediment deposits, the automatic detection results were almost perfect. However, some false detections appeared in the terrain outside of the sediment deposits. These could be explained by other pit-like landscape features, like parts of river courses, spaces between boulders, and modern terrain modifications. However, these were easy to spot during visual interpretation, and the number of missed individual pitfall traps was still low.
Essays on Finance and Economic Policy

This dissertation presents three empirical studies on how financial frictions shape the transmission and effects of economic policy. The dissertation investigates three settings: financial regulation, corporate tax policy, and monetary policy. The first study reveals how a particular type of banking regulation leads to distorted lending behavior when banks are subject to informational and agency frictions. The second study shows how financial frictions lower the responsiveness of corporate investment to a large-scale investment tax credit. The third study provides insights into when the transmission of unconventional monetary policy (‘quantitative easing’) through the banking system fails.
Semantically Enriched Derivation of Legal Advice in the Palestinian Labour Domain

قانون العمل الفلسطيني هو حقل غني بالمعلومات ومعقد وذلك لاحتوائه على اجزاء وفصول مختلفة وارتباط هذه القوانين بقضايا عمالية مختلفة. للحصول على نصيحة قانونية بالشكل التقليدي يتم من خلال الاجتماع بين العامل والمحامي وجها لوجه وذلك يستغرق وقتا طويلا ولا يضمن استرجاع المعلومات المفيدة او الاستناد الى القضايا القانونية المتعلقة بقضية العامل الطالب للنصيحة القانونية، ومع ذلك يمكن استخدام التقنيات الحديثة ذات الصلة بإدارة المعلومات واسترجاعها، مثل تقنيات الويب الدلالية القائمة على علم الأنطولوجيا وقواعد المعارف ذات والتي تفيد بقوة المجال القانوني. في هذا البحث قمنا ببناء طريقة معززة دلاليا لاشتقاق الاستشارة القانونية في مجال العمل استنادا إلى قانون العمل الفلسطيني. الطريقة المقترحة تتكون من تصميم وبناء الأنطولوجيا وأطلقنا عليها اسم LabourLawOnt اضافة الى حالات قانونية لتكوين قاعدة المعرفة في قانون العمل، وتحتوي هذه الأنطولوجيا على المصطلحات والعلاقات وخصائص الكائنات والبيانات الخاصة بقانون العمل ومتعلقاته، وكتابة مجموعة من القواعد الدلالية (SWRL) وذلك لاستخدامها في استنتاج المعرفة الجديدة والاستشارة القانونية من قاعدة المعرفة. تم تحقيق هذه الطريقة المقترحة من خلال تصميم وتطبيق نظام تجريبي يحتوي على الانطولوجيا مع قاعدة المعرفة والقواعد الدلالية ومحرك الاستدلال (Reasoner) مع واجهة استخدام للخبير القانوني مثل المحامي والقاضي وواجهة استخدام للعامل. وتم اختبار النظام بمساعدة خبير في مجال قانون العمل ومن خلال 150 قضية قانونية مقسمة إلى مجموعتين. المجموعة الأولى تحتوي على 100 حالة ادخلت إلى النظام من قبل الخبير والمجموعة الثانية تحتوي على 50 قضية عمالية ادخلت مسبقا قضايا سابقة في قاعدة المعرفة، وأظهرت النتائج أن نسبة 77٪ من القضايا القانونية الصحيحة المتعلقة بعمل الأطفال، ونسبة 80٪ من القضايا القانونية الصحيحة المتعلقة بعمل المرأة، ونسبة نجاح 87.5٪ من الحالات القانونية الصحيحة المتعلقة بمكافأة نهاية الخدمة، وشكلت نسبة الدقة للنظام في اشتقاق النصيحة القانونية بشكل صحيح بلغت 84٪. كلمات مفتاحية: قانون العمل الفلسطيني، الويب الدلالي، انطولوجيا، لغة انطولوجيا الويب، لغة قواعد الويب الدلالي، محرك استدلال
Ectopic CD40 Ligand Expression on B Cells Triggers Intestinal Inflammation 1

Several studies indicate that CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells initially mediate intestinal inflammation in murine models of human inflammatory bowel disease. However, the initial role of B cells in the development of intestinal inflammation remains unclear. In this study we present evidence that B cells can trigger intestinal inflammation using transgenic (Tg) mice expressing CD40 ligand (CD40L) ectopically on B cells (CD40L/B Tg). We demonstrated that CD40L/B Tg mice spontaneously developed severe transmural intestinal inflammation in both colon and ileum at 8–15 wk of age. In contrast, CD40L/B Tg×CD40−/− double-mutant mice did not develop colitis, indicating the direct involvement of CD40-CD40L interaction in the development of intestinal inflammation. The inflammatory infiltrates consisted predominantly of massive aggregated, IgM-positive B cells. These mice were also characterized by the presence of anti-colon autoantibodies and elevated IFN-γ production. Furthermore, although mice transferred with CD4+ T cells alone or with both CD4+ T and B220+ B cells, but not B220+ cells alone, from diseased CD40L/B Tg mice, develop colitis, mice transferred with B220+ B cells from diseased CD40L/B Tg mice and CD4+ T cells from wild-type mice also develop colitis, indicating that the Tg B cells should be a trigger for this colitis model, whereas T cells are involved as effectors. As it has been demonstrated that CD40L is ectopically expressed on B cells in some autoimmune diseases, the present study suggests the possible contribution of B cells in triggering intestinal inflammation in human inflammatory bowel disease.
Mate Recognition in Túngara Frogs: a Review of Some Studies of Brain, Behavior and Evolution

Animal communication systems have been a focus of studies in species recognition , sexual selection , and neu2 roet hology. We and our colleagues have conducted a variety of studies of sexual communication in t he tu ngara frog ( Physalaem us pust ulosus) , and we review some of t hese studies here. Our general approach has been integrative. We in2 vestigate t he functional significance of t he communication system , t he neural mechanisms underlying t he system , and ma2 jor patterns of its evolution. Specifically , we have shown how t he males'simple ( whine2only) and complex ( whine plus chucks) calls are used by females to recognize t he correct species for mating , and how t hey lead females to choose among conspecific males. We have identified a major counter2selection force on complex calls , predation by t he frog2eating bat ( T rachops ci rrhosus) , as well as energetic costs of calling. We have shown t he specific features of t he call t hat are critical to elicit female responses , and have made some progress in identif ying neural mechanisms underlying call perception. Our comparative studies have shown t hat preferences for complex calls existed prior to t he evolution of complex calls. This sup2 ports t he hypot hesis of sensory exploitation , which states t hat males evolve traits to exploit preexisting female preferences. Combining comparative studies wit h artificial neural network simulations , we also argue t hat t he decoding strategies t hat females use to recognize whines are influenced by t he decoding strategies used by t heir ancestors. Besides reviewing t he de2 tails of t his communication system , we also emp hasize t he necessity of incorporating different levels of analysis to obtain a deeper understanding of t he mechanisms , function , and evolution of complex p henotypes ( A cta Zoologica S i nica 49 (6) : 713 - 726 , 2003 ) . Key words Animal communication , Tu ngara frog ( Physalaem us pust ulosus) , Sexual selection
Evaluation of PCR-DGGE analysis for molecular typing of cheeses

Molecular typing of several cheeses was achieved by PCR-DGGE analysis of microbial DNA directly extracted from the dairy samples. Cheese-specific fingerprints were obtained analyzing the variable V3 region of 16S rDNA, the profiles showed to be repeatable and reliable after repeated analysis of the same sample. Statistical analysis of molecular data showed relevant differences among cheeses highlighting the potential of the PCR-DGGE fingerprinting for the discrimination of dairy products. The variability of the fingerprints obtained by different samples of the same type of cheese definitely compro- mises the use of the technique to develop class-specific profiles to be used for cheeses clas- sification, allowing just to detect the degree of complexity of the microbiota.
POLYCISTRONIC HSV VECTORS FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS TOWARD A CARDIAC LINEAGE

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries, but we lack the ability to regenerate cardiac tissue. Cell-based therapy holds promise to repopulate a damaged heart with functional cardiomyocytes. Developing technologies to produce cells for transplantation is key to the success of this approach. Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are an ideal starting material for cell-based therapies because they can be expanded indefinitely in culture and their plasticity gives them the potential to regenerate any tissue or organ. The issue of teratoma formation in the host may be avoided by devising methods to differentiate PSC toward a desired lineage before transplantation. Because the heart is vital for life, and the biggest source of human morbidity and mortality, in vitro differentiation of PSC into cardiomyocytes for cell-based treatment of heart disease is an area of intense research. Exogenous expression of vital cardiogenic genes in PSC can be a powerful tool. Transduction of PSC with recombinant viral vectors can deliver genes to activate cardiac programming and drive differentiation toward a cardiac lineage. Replication defective HSV vectors efficiently transduce PSC and can be engineered to express genes that alter the cellular differentiation program. The goal of this research was to develop highly defective HSV vectors to express multiple cardiac transcription factors in embryonic stem cells to increase their cardiogenic potential. Vectors vββG4Nk, vG4Nk, and vGTM were engineered to express GATA4 and NKX2.5 or GATA4, TBX5, and MEF2c in PSC with high efficiency and low toxicity. Transduction of mESC with these vectors induced the expression of endogenous genes that are vital for cardiogenesis. Differentiation of mESC transduced with cardiogenic HSV vectors had a positive impact on terminal cardiomyocyte differentiation, producing many more embryoid bodies with beating cardiomyocytes than those transduced with control vectors. In addition, we found that delaying the drastic dilution of viral genomes that occurs over the time interval to terminal differentiation could enhance the outcome. Our results indicate that infection of mESC with cardiogenic HSV vectors has long reaching effects on mESC differentiation, supporting the suggestion that HSV vectors can be a useful tool for producing lineage related changes in differentiating PSC to generate specialized cell types.
Rejection-oriented learning without complete class information

Aprendizado de Maquina e comumente usado para apoiar a tomada de decisao em numerosos e diversos contextos. Sua utilidade neste sentido e inquestionavel: existem sistemas complexos baseados em tecnicas de aprendizado de maquina cujas capacidades descritivas e preditivas vao muito alem das dos seres humanos. Contudo, esses sistemas ainda possuem limitacoes, cuja analise permite estimar sua aplicabilidade e confianca em varios casos. Isto e interessante considerando que a abstencao da provisao de uma resposta e preferivel a cometer um equivoco ao realizar tal acao. No contexto de classificacao e tarefas similares, a indicacao desse resultado inconclusivo e chamada de rejeicao. A pesquisa que culminou nesta tese proporcionou a concepcao, implementacao e avaliacao de sistemas de aprendizado orientados `a rejeicao para duas tarefas distintas: reconhecimento em cenario abertos e agrupamento de dados em fluxo continuo. Estes sistemas foram derivados da rede neural artificial WiSARD, que teve a modelagem de rejeicao incorporada a seu funcionamento. Este texto detalha e discute tais realizacoes. Ele tambem apresenta resultados experimentais que permitem avaliar a importância cientifica e pratica da metodologia de ponta proposta.
Fatigue and Structural Analysis of Azimuth Thruster Assembly

Composite is stated as constituent of two or more materials which retain their own physical and chemical property during the time of application, but produce a component which inherent the properties of its constituent materials and makes it better for the real time USAge. There are varieties of processing techniques for fabricating composite parts or structures such as: (1) Resin Transfer Moulding, (2) Pultrusion, (3) Filament Winding, (4) Autoclave Moulding. Among all these technique of exercising composite materials, the filament winding technique is the most appropriate because it avails the user with the ease of USAge, as well as gives wide range of degree of freedom for fabricating or manufacturing objects. In the paper we basically reveal the maximum approach made to study basic theory related to the filament winding technique or method, which provides initial platform for the new learner.
The Influence of Position and Site on the Height Growth of Young Populus tremula L. Ramets in Low Elevation Formations in Northeastern Greece

This study was carried out in the central part of Nestos Valley in northeastern Greece. The main objective was to examine the effect of different position (dominant, suppressed, side-shaded) and site productivities on the height growth of young Populus tremula L. clonal ramets in low elevation formations of the species. Fifty-four ramets growing in different positions and sites were cut and studied. Stem analysis was conducted and the height of each ramet at the age of 10 years was calculated. The main results of this research indicate that the dominant ramets on good productivity sites have greater height at the age of 10 years, when compared with the corresponding ramets on medium productivity sites. On the contrary, in suppressed and side-shaded ramets, there is no statistically significant difference in height at the age of 10 years between the two site types. This pattern indicates that competition is the procedure that characterizes the relationships between ramets in the investigated formations. The heights of dominant P. tremula ramets presented in this study are very satisfactory for the species, compared with the height of P. tremula trees from other regions of the species expansion reported in other studies.
The development of guidelines to support infant feeding practices of hiv-positive mothers in the Mbombela municipality of Mpumalanga Province

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.v LIST OF TABLES.xiv LIST OF FIGURES.xv LIST OF ANNEXURES.xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xvii CHAPTER 1: ORIENTATION TO THE STUDY 1.
16S rDNA Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Three Fractions of Cow Rumen

The bacterial diversity of the bovine rumen was examined using a PCR-based approach. 16S rDNA sequences were amplified and cloned from three fractions of rumen (solid, fluid, and epithelium) that are likely to represent different bacterial niches. A total of 113 clones were sequenced, and similarities to known l6S rDNA sequences were examined. About of the sequences had similarity to 16S rDNA database sequences. Furthermore, about of the sequences were similar to 16S rDNA database sequences. For the remaining , the similarity was less than . Phylogenetic analysis was also used to infer the makeup of the bacterial communities in the different rumen fractions. The Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (CFB, ), low G+C Gram-positive bacteria (LGCGPB, ), and Proteobacteria were represented in the rumen fluid clone set; LGCGPB , CFB, Proteobacteria , high G+C Gram-positive bacteria (HGCGPB, ), and Spirochaetes were represented in the rumen solid clone set; and the CFB group and LGCGPB were represented in the rumen epithelium clone set. These findings suggest that the rumen fluid, solid, and epithelium support different microbial populations that may play specific roles in rumen function.
INFLUENCE OF THE MANAGERâ€™S CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SME PERFORMANCE IN SENEGAL

The Small and Medium-sized Entreprises (SMEs) represent the most important part of companies in all economies. In Senegal, they constitute 90% of companies, contribute to up to 30% of job creations and participate in the national value added training for up to 20%. In most of the countries, the SME is defined by the number of employees, the turnover and the investment; but what characterizes it, in particular, is the managerâ€™s central position (Julien, 1997). It is him who assumes the responsibility for defining the vision, combining the different resources and setting up strategies to lead the SME towards performance.In Senegal, very little work basically focuses on the SME manager and namely his or her personal characteristics. The ambition of this paper is also to study the managerâ€™s characteristics which influence the performance of his company. It is based on the theoretical framework of the Upper Echelons Theory (UET) developed by Hambrick and Mason (1984). The results which are obtained from a sample of 202 Senegalese SMEs show that the managerâ€™s characteristics namely the age and the high level of education have a positive impact on the SMEs performance.
Physical Growth Status Among School Age Children at Sohag Governorate

Background: Children belong to 6-12 years need more attention and care for the physical development. Aim of the study to assess physical growth of school age children at Sohag Governorate. Subjects and method: A descriptive cross sectional research design was utilized. Four public (urban and rural) primary schools were included in the stud. Structure questionnaire was developed to assess personal characteristic of children, social class level. Weight and height percentiles for age were determined according to Egyptian growth charts. A total sample of 1000 children aged 6-12 years was participated in this study. Results: Nearly three quarters (74%) of children had moderate social level, while (14%) of them had low social class. Boys represented 52.4%. Height and weight were higher among urban boy''s children. The prevalence of underweight and short stature was higher in girls than boys in all age group except 10-
Differential Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β in the Reproductive Tractsof Adult Male Dogs and Cats1

Abstract Expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the reproductive tracts of adult male dogs and cats has not been reported. In the present study, ERα and ERβ were localized by immunohistochemistry using ER-specific antibodies. ERα was found in interstitial cells and peritubular myoid cells in the dog testis, but only in interstitial cells of the cat. In rete testis of the dog, epithelial cells were positive for ERα staining, but in the cat, rete testis epithelium was only weakly positive. In efferent ductules of the dog, both ciliated and nonciliated cells stained intensely positive. In the cat, ciliated epithelial cells were less stained than nonciliated epithelial cells. Epithelial cells in dog epididymis and vas deferens were negative for ERα. In the cat, except for the initial region of caput epididymis, ERα staining was positive in the epithelial cells of epididymis and vas deferens. Multiple cell types of dog and cat testes stained positive for ERβ. In rete testis and efferent ductules, epithelial cells were weakly positive for ERβ. Most epithelial cells of the epididymis and vas deferens exhibited a strong positive staining in both species. In addition, double staining was used to demonstrate colocalization of both ERα and ERβ in efferent ductules of both species. The specificity of antibodies was demonstrated by Western blot analysis. This study reveals a differential localization of ERα and ERβ in male dog and cat reproductive tracts, demonstrating more intensive expression of ERβ than ERα. However, as in other species, the efferent ductules remained the region of highest concentration of ERα.
The role of highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences in vertebrate development and evolution

92 Introduction 92 Do CNEs drive conserved expression patterns across lineages? 92 The utility of a lamprey reporter assay 95 Results 95 Discussion 103 Development of a reporter assay in lamprey embryos 103 Conservation and divergence of CNE function between lamprey and 104 zebrafish Evolution of the vertebrate hindbrain GRN 106 Conclusion 109 7 de-novo Motif Discovery in CNEs 110