Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Star formation rates and masses of z∼ 2 galaxies from multicolour photometry

Fitting synthetic spectral energy distributions (SED) to the multi-band photometry of galaxies to derive their star formation rates (SFR), stellar masses, ages, etc. requires making a priori assumptions about their star formation histories (SFH). A widely adopted parameterization of the SFH, the so-called �-models where SFR / e t/� is shown to lead to unrealistically low ages when applied to a sample of actively star forming galaxies at z � 2, a problem shared by other SFHs when the age is left as a free parameter in the fitting procedure. This happens because the SED of such galaxies, at all wavelengths, is dominated by their youngest stellar populations, which outshine the older ones. Thus, the SED of such galaxies conveys little information on the beginning of star formation, i.e., on the age of their oldest stellar populations. To cope with this problem, besides �-models (hereafter called direct-� models), we explore a variety of SFHs, such as constant SFR and inverted-� models (with SFR / e +t/� ), along with various priors on age, including assuming that star formation started at high redshift in all the galaxies in the test sample. We find that inverted-� models with such latter assumption give SFRs and extinctions in excellent agreement with the values derived using only the UV part of the SED, which is the one most sensitive to ongoing star formation and reddening. These models are also shown to accurately recover the SFRs and masses of mock galaxies at z � 2 constructed from semi-analytic models, which we use as a further test. All other explored SFH templates do not fulfil these two test as well as inverted-� models do. In particular, direct-� models with unconstrained age in the fitting procedure overstimate SFRs and underestimate stellar mass, and would exacerbate an apparent mismatch between the cosmic evolution of the volume densities of SFR and stellar mass. We conclude that for high-redshift star forming galaxies an exponentially increasing SFR with a high formation redshift is preferable to other forms of the SFH so far adopted in the literature.
Title EUREEKA : Deepening the Semantic Web by More EfficientEmergent Knowledge Representation and Processing

One of the major Semantic Web challenges is the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. New content on the web is produced much faster than the respective machine readable annotations, while a scalable knowledge extraction from the legacy resources is still largely an open problem. This poster presents an ongoing research on an empirical knowledge representation and reasoning framework, which is tailored to robust and meaningful processing of emergent, automatically learned ontologies. According to the preliminary results of our EUREEKA prototype, the proposed framework can substantially improve the applicability of the rather messy emergent knowledge and thus facilitate the knowledge acquisition in an unprecedented way.
N A ] 1 5 M ar 2 00 8 UNIFORM UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE AND SIGNAL RECOVERY VIA REGULARIZED ORTHOGONAL MATCHING PURSUIT

This paper seeks to bridge the two major algorithmic approaches to sparse signal recovery from an incomplete set of linear measurements – L1-minimization methods and iterative methods (Matching Pursuits). We find a simple regularized version of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (ROMP) which has advantages of both approaches: the speed and transparency of OMP and the strong uniform guarantees of L1-minimization. Our algorithm ROMP reconstructs a sparse signal in a number of iterations linear in the sparsity, and the reconstruction is exact provided the linear measurements satisfy the Uniform Uncertainty Principle.
NCOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR AND TRANSGENIC ANIMALS MADE USING THESE FRAGMENTS OR MUTATED FRAGMENTS

Several genes encoding Subunits of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been cloned and regulatory elements involved in the transcription of the C. :2 and C. :7Subunit genes have been described. Yet, the detailed mecha nisms governing the neuron-specific transcription and the Spatio-temporal expression-pattern of these genes remain largely uninvestigated. The 32-Subunit is the most widely expressed neuronal nicotinic receptorS Subunit in the ner Vous System. We have Studied the Structural and regulatory properties of the 5' Sequence of this gene. A fragment of 1163 bp of upstream sequence is sufficient to drive the cell-specific transcription of a reporter gene in both transient transfection assays and in transgenic mice. Deletion analysis and Site-directed mutagenesis of this promoter reveal two negative and one positive element. The positively acting Sequence includes one functional E-box. One of the repres Sor elements is located in the transcribed region and is the NRSE/RE1 sequence already described in promoters of neuronal genes.
Quantum Circuit Learning with Gradient Descent Using Backpropagation

Quantum computing has the potential to outperform classical computers and is expected to play an active role in various fields. In quantum machine learning, a quantum computer has been found useful for enhanced feature representation and high dimensional state or function approximation. Quantum-Classical hybrid algorithms are proposed in recent years for this purpose under the Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum computer (NISQ) environment. Under this scheme, the role played by classical computer is the parameter tuning, parameter optimization, and parameter update for the quantum circuit. In this paper, we propose a gradient descent based backpropagation algorithm that can efficiently calculate the gradient in parameter optimization and update the parameter for quantum circuit learning, which outperforms the current parameter search algorithms in terms of computing speed while presents the same or even higher test accuracy.
Temperature Dependent Optical Band Gap Measurements of III-V films by Low Temperature Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the structures of many types of III-V semiconductor materials. When a semiconductor material is excited at a particular wavelength, electron-hole pairs are generated. The most intense radiative transition is between the conduction band and valence band, and this measurement is used to determine the material band gap. Radiative and non-radiative transitions in semiconductors also involve localized defect levels. The photoluminescence energy associated with these levels can be used to identify specific defects, and the amount of photoluminescence can be used to determine their concentration, and thus predict device quality. At ambient temperatures, the PL signal is typically broad, as much as 100 nm in width. When cooled, structural details may be resolved, and a small spectral shift between 2 samples may represent a change in a structural parameter. Thus a system with high spectral resolution is required. In this paper, a modular Low Temperature Photoluminescence system (LTPL) for measuring optical band gap as a function of temperature is described. Results show that the optical band gap shifts towards higher energy as the sample temperature decreases.
1 6 O ct 2 01 5 Warping the Weak Gravity Conjecture

The Weak Gravity Conjecture, if valid, rules out simple models of Natural Inflation by restricting their axion decay constant to be sub-Planckian. We revisit stringy attempts to realise Natural Inflation, with a single open string axionic inflaton from D-branes in a warped throat. We show that warping allows the requisite super-Planckian axion decay constant to be achieved consistently with the Weak Gravity Conjecture. However, there is a tension between large axion decay constant and high string scale, where the requisite high string scale is difficult to achieve in all attempts to realise large field inflation using perturbative string theory. We comment on the Generalized Weak Gravity Conjecture in the light of our results.
Boxy/Peanut/X-Shaped Bulges: Steep Inner Rotation Curve Leads to Barlens Face-on Morphology

We use stellar dynamical bulge/disk/halo simulations to study whether barlenses (lens-like structures embedded in the narrow bar component) are only the face-on counterparts of Boxy/Peanut/X-shapes (B/P/X) seen in edge-on bars, or if some additional physical parameter affects that morphology. A range of bulge-to-disk mass and size ratios are explored: our nominal parameters ( , , disk comprising two-thirds of total force at ) correspond to typical Milky Way mass galaxies. In all models, a bar with pronounced B/P/X forms in a few Gyr, visible in the edge-on view. However, the pure barlens morphology forms only in models with sufficiently steep inner rotation curves, , achieved when including a small classical bulge with and . For shallower slopes, the central structure still resembles a barlens, but shows a clear X signature even in low inclinations. A similar result holds for bulge-less simulations, where the central slope is modified by changing the halo concentration. The predicted sensitivity on the inner rotation curve is consistent with the slopes that are estimated from gravitational potentials calculated from the 3.6 μm images, for the observed barlens and X-shaped galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G). For inclinations <60° the galaxies with barlenses have on average twice steeper inner rotation curves than galaxies with X shapes: the limiting slope is ∼250 km s−1 kpc−1. Among barred galaxies, those with barlenses have both the strongest bars and the largest relative excess of inner surface density, both in barlens regions ( ) and near the center ( ); this provides evidence for bar-driven secular evolution in galaxies.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 5-15-2012 SUPPORTING THE THERAPIST IN ONLINE THERAPY

In the last decade, eSupport (Internet-reliant therapy) has gained substantial attention, both in research and practice. Several studies in psychology show that structured eSupport (e.g. Computerized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), is promising both with regard to therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness. However, the transition from face-to-face therapy to eSupport creates new challenges for therapists, such as lack of (traditional) structure and access to secondary information (e.g. body language) about their patients. In this paper, a design science research approach has been employed in the context of eSupport. Drawing on the knowledge base of face-to-face conversations, face-to-face therapy, and pragmatic IS theory, a framework for patient indicators has been designed. The design has been justified through both (i) descriptive evaluations based on the selected knowledge base, and (ii) experiences collected in a stakeholder-centric design process, including experimental evaluation of an eSupport platform that implement the indicator framework. The framework was designed to allow new indicators to be ‘plugged in’ dynamically and inserted into tailorable lists. New indicators can be created either through specialization of an indicator base class, or by configuring metadata for generic indicators that tap into an action log. Indicator values are cached, both to boost performance and to support trend analysis of patient indicators. We conclude that the indicator framework serves to improve support for therapists: It offers structure and access to both primary and secondary information in new ways. In doing so, it meets some of the key challenges that therapists encounter in the transition to eSupport.
University of Dundee A monovalent ion in the DNA binding interface of the eukaryotic junction-resolving enzyme

GEN1 is a member of the FEN/EXO family of structure-selective nucleases that cleave 1 nt 3′ to a variety of branchpoints. For each, the H2TH motif binds a monovalent ion and plays an important role in binding one helical arm of the substrates. We investigate here the importance of this metal ion on substrate specificity and GEN1 structure. In the presence of K+ ions the substrate specificity is wider than in Na+, yet four-way junctions remain the preferred substrate. In a combination of K+ and Mg2+ second strand cleavage is accelerated 17-fold, ensuring bilateral cleavage of the junction. We have solved crystal structures of Chaetomium thermophilum GEN1 with Cs+, K+ and Na+ bound. With bound Cs+ the loop of the H2TH motif extends toward the active site so that D199 coordinates a Mg2+, buttressed by an interaction of the adjacent Y200. With the lighter ions bound the H2TH loop changes conformation and retracts away from the active site. We hypothesize this conformational change might play a role in second strand cleavage acceleration.
Antioxidant and antifungal activities of extracts and condensed tannins from Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth

The antioxidant activity of stem-bark extracts from Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. , including fractions and isolated compounds, was evaluated by DPPH in thin-layer chromatography. All the fractions and isolated compounds showed antioxidant activity. Antifungal activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against the yeasts Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. All extracts (CE, EtOAc and FW), subfractions (F1-F12) and the compounds I, II and III were inactive against the yeasts. Against C. parapsilosis and C. albicans, fractions F13-15 and F20 showed moderate antifungal activity, and fractions F16-19 and F21-22 showed good activity. Chemical isolation of the ethyl-acetate fraction resulted in the identification of three compounds: epigallocatechin, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin-(4b®8)-gallocatechin.
Usefulness of archival biobank samples for genetic epidemiologic studies

Sweden has a long history of maintaining population-based registries and biobanks. This has resulted in large sample collections with long follow-up and large numbers of prospectively occurring disease endpoints providing an extensive resource for genetic research. However, the largest biobanks contain sample materials that have previously been considered suboptimal for genetic research. We have evaluated the usefulness of archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, plasma, maternity serum and dried blood spots (DBS) for genetic research. We also evaluated the usefulness of archival samples of various biological materials for herpesvirus detection and developed a multiplex matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method for detection of herpesviruses. Extraction of DNA from archival FFPE tissue was difficult and time consuming. The DNA was largely degraded and repeat extractions were often necessary. Nonetheless 94% of the FFPE tissue samples could be successfully genotyped. Archival plasma and maternity serum samples contained small and variable amounts of DNA but 98% of the plasma and over 99% of the serum samples were successful in genetic analyses even after over 20 years of storage. The presence of realistic amounts of foetal DNA of a discordant genotype in the maternity serum will not cause false maternal genotyping results. DBS samples contained small amounts of extractable DNA but over 97% of these samples were successful in genetic analysis even after 18 years of storage if they had been stored at -20°C to prevent DNA degradation. DNA from plasma and DBS samples was of sufficient quality for successful multiple displacement amplification (MDA) with maintained bi-allelic representation as long as sufficient amounts of DNA was used as MDA template. DNA from FFPE tissue failed consistently and DNA from serum performed poorly in MDA. The multiplex MALDI-TOF MS method we developed reliably detected HHVs in a wide variety of archival biological specimens. The concordance rate with reference methods was over 95%. (Less)
Substituting the End for the Whole: Why Voters Respond Primarily to the Election‐Year Economy

According to numerous studies, the election-year economy influences presidential election results far more than cumulative growth throughout the term. Here we describe a series of surveys and experiments that point to an intriguing explanation for voter behavior that runs contrary to the standard explanations political science has offered, but one that accords with a large psychological literature. Voters, we find, actually intend to judge presidents on cumulative growth. However, since that characteristic is not readily available to them, voters inadvertently substitute election-year performance because it is more easily accessible. This “end-heuristic” explanation for voters’ election-year emphasis reflects a general tendency for people to simplify retrospective assessments by substituting conditions at the end for the whole. The end heuristic explanation also suggests a remedy, a way to align voters’ actions with their intentions. Providing people with the attribute they are seeking — cumulative growth — eliminates the election-year emphasis.
LONG-TIME ASYMPTOTICS FOR THE TODA SHOCK PROBLEM: NON-OVERLAPPING SPECTRA

We derive the long-time asymptotics for the Toda shock problem using the nonlinear steepest descent analysis for oscillatory Riemann–Hilbert factorization problems. We show that the half-plane of space/time variables splits into five main regions: The two regions far outside where the solution is close to the free backgrounds. The middle region, where the solution can be asymptotically described by a two band solution, and two regions separating them, where the solution is asymptotically given by a slowly modulated two band solution. In particular, the form of this solution in the separating regions verifies a conjecture from Venakides, Deift, and Oba from 1991.
Soilscape evolution of aeolian-dominated hillslopes during the Holocene: investigation of sediment transport mechanisms and climatic–anthropogenic drivers

Abstract. Here we study the soilscape (soil-landscape) evolution of a field site in the semiarid zone of Israel. This region, like similar regions around the world, was subject to intensive loess accumulation during the Pleistocene and early Holocene. Today, hillslopes in this region are dominated by exposed bedrock with deep loess depositions in the valleys and floodplains. The drivers and mechanism that led to this soilscape are unclear. Within this context, we use a soilscape evolution model (mARM5D) to study the potential mechanisms that led to this soilscape. We focus on advancing our conceptual understanding of the processes at the core of this soilscape evolution by studying the effects of fluvial and diffusive sediment transport mechanisms, and the potential effects of climatic and anthropogenic drivers. Our results show that, in our field site, dominated by aeolian soil development, hillslope fluvial sediment transport (e.g., surface wash and gullies) led to downslope thinning in soil, while diffusive transport (e.g., soil creep) led to deeper and more localized soil features at the lower sections of the hillslopes. The results suggest that, in this semiarid, aeolian-dominated and soil-depleted landscape, the top section of the hillslopes is dominated by diffusive transport and the bottom by fluvial transport. Temporal variability in environmental drivers had a considerable effect on soilscape evolution. Short but intensive changes during the late Holocene, imitating anthropogenic land use alterations, rapidly changed the site's soil distribution. This leads us to assume that this region's soil-depleted hillslopes are, at least in part, the result of anthropogenic drivers.
Direct lentivirus injection for fast and efficient gene transfer into brown and beige adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue is a special type of fat contributing to energy expenditure in human newborns and adults. Moreover, subcutaneous white adipose tissue has a high capacity to adapt an energy-consuming, brown-like/beige phenotype. Here, we developed an easy to handle and fast to accomplish method to efficiently transfer genes into brown and beige fat pads in vivo. Lentiviral vectors are directly injected into the target fat pad of anesthetized mice through a small incision using a modified, small needle connected to a microsyringe, which is well suited for infiltration of adipose tissues. Expression of the target gene can be detected in brown/beige fat one week after injection. The method can be applied within minutes to efficiently deliver transgenes into subcutaneous adipose tissues. Thus, this protocol allows for studying genes of interest in a timely manner in murine brown/beige fat and could potentially lead to new gene therapies for obesity.
p 12 CDK 2-AP 1 interacts with CD 82 to regulate the proliferation and survival of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

p12 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)-associating protein 1 (p12CDK2-AP1) has been demonstrated to negatively regulate the activity of CDK2. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We aimed to determine the potential binding proteins of p12CDK2-AP1 and to elucidate the role of p12CDK2-AP1 in the regulation of the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and in vivo growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. The protein-protein interaction was predicted using computational decision templates. The predicted p12CDK2-AP1 interacting proteins were overexpressed in human oral squamous cell carcinoma OSCC-15 cells, and the protein binding was examined using co-precipitation (Co-IP). Cell proliferation and invasion were determined via MTT assay and Transwell system, respectively. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. The in vivo growth of OSCC-15 cells was examined in nude mouse tumor xenografts. We found that overexpression of either p12CDK2-AP1 or CD82 significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion but promoted the apoptosis of OSCC-15 cells (P<0.05). Importantly, combined overexpression of p12CDK2-AP1 and CD82 showed synergistic antitumor activity compared with the overexpression of a single protein alone (P<0.05). Additionally, the simultaneous overexpression of p12CDK2-AP1 and CD82 significantly suppressed the in vivo tumor growth of OSCC-15 cells in nude mice compared with the negative control (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that p12CDK2-AP1 interacts with CD82 to play a functional role in suppressing the in vitro and in vivo growth of OSCC-15 cells.
A Process Modeling Approach to Identify and Locate Potential Crucial Knowledge: The GAMETH Framework

In a knowledge management project, the key issue is to help the stakeholders to choose which parts of their knowledge, either tacit or explicit, will need to be specifically capitalized. This means finding an approach enabling them to identify and locate “potential crucial knowledge,” that is a set of knowledge to be assessed in order to decide which is crucially important for the enterprise. To deal with this type of issue, a specific Framework named GAMETH has been developed. In this article, we describe the postulates, the guiding principles, and the main phases of the approach proposed by GAMETH emphasizing the process modeling method that is inherent to the second phase of the approach. This process modeling method, supports the effective capability to locate and identify “potential crucial knowledge”. Further more we present lessons learned from three case studies.