Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a comprehensive classiﬁcation for procedural content generation techniques

The video game industry has relied on procedural content generation techniques for decades, be it as means of trading memory consumption for processing power or as a way of creating content either faster of with more variation than what can be handmade. Still, until recently, very little research has been done towards a uniﬁed taxonomy that could then be used to better understand these procedural techniques and help their users choose the best algorithms for their particular needs. We aim to provide a plausible taxonomy of procedural techniques, based on related work by Hendrikx et al. [5], Kelly and McCabe [6], and Togelius et al. [16]. To achieve this goal, we identify their taxonomies, group them in a single taxonomy and explain each method of the taxonomy. With this, we conclude that there is a need to discuss which the best way to classify the procedural techniques currently in use is, in order to help the research on further techniques.
The Effect of Physical Exercise as an Adjunctive Treatment to the Usual Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: An Integrative Review

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability around the world. The current treatment approach for MDD is limited. Physical exercise is a suggested treatment for depression and the use of exercise as an adjunctive therapy to the usual treatment of depression has received significant attention. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether physical exercise as an adjunctive therapy leads to an extra reduction in depressive symptoms compared with using the usual treatmentsalone. An integrative review was conducted by a systematic search in Scopus and PsycINFO databases. The search yielded100articles, which were narrowed to 15 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review found that using exercise as an adjunctive therapy to the usual treatment of depression decreased depressive symptoms more than using the usual treatment alone. It also found that this effect is not influenced by factors such as type of exercise, as aerobic and resistance exercise lead to the same effect. In addition, it found that exercise programs of shortand medium-duration were more effective than programs of a longer duration, and that hospitaland public-based exercise were more effective than home-based exercise. However, this review cannot determine whether the effect of using exercise as an adjunctive therapy to the usual treatments might be different based on the severity of depression and the patient’s age. This review suggests that using short and moderate programs of exercise as an adjunctive therapy to the usual treatment of depression can be an effective way to improve the depressive symptoms among adult patients with MDD. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 15-08-2020 Date of Acceptance: 01-09-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On the efficient use of regression-in-ratio estimator in simple random sampling

Riassunto:Al fine di stimare la media incognita di una variabile oggetto di studio quando si dispone di due variabili ausiliarie correlate a quella di indagine, il metodo di stima della regressione viene impiegato congiuntamente a quello del rapporto per definire, nel campionamento casuale semplice senza reimmissione, lo stimatore regressione-in-rapporto. Dopo averne ricavato l’espressione della distorsione e dell’errore quadratico medio, lo stimatore proposto viene confrontato con la media campionaria e con gli stimatori rapporto e regressione nel campionamento a due fasi. Vengono, quindi, stabilite le condizioni sotto le quali lo stimatore in esame si rivela pi ù efficiente degli altri.
Multi-move sampler for estimating non-Gaussian time series models: Comments on Shephard and Pitt (1997)

This note points out a problem in the multi-move sampler proposed by Shephard and Pitt (1997) and corrects their method. The performance of the original Shephard and Pitt (1997) method and the correct method is examined by estimating stochastic volatility models using simulated data. It is found that the original method yields an estimation bias which increases with the number of blocks while the correct one performs well irrespective of the number of blocks.
Soft policy optimization using dual-track advantage estimator

In reinforcement learning (RL), we always expect the agent to explore as many states as possible in the initial stage of training and exploit the explored information in the subsequent stage to discover the most returnable trajectory. Based on this principle, in this paper, we soften the proximal policy optimization by introducing the entropy and dynamically setting the temperature coefficient to balance the opportunity of exploration and exploitation. While maximizing the expected reward, the agent will also seek other trajectories to avoid the local optimal policy. Nevertheless, the increase of randomness induced by entropy will reduce the train speed in the early stage. Integrating the temporal-difference (TD) method and the general advantage estimator (GAE), we propose the dual-track advantage estimator (DTAE) to accelerate the convergence of value functions and further enhance the performance of the algorithm. Compared with other on-policy RL algorithms on the Mujoco environment, the proposed method not only significantly speeds up the training but also achieves the most advanced results in cumulative return.
The baryonic specific angular momentum of disc galaxies

Aims. Specific angular momentum (the angular momentum per unit mass, j = J/M) is one of the key parameters that control the evolution of galaxies, and it is closely related with the coupling between dark and visible matter. In this work, we aim to derive the baryonic (stars plus atomic gas) specific angular momentum of disc galaxies and study its relation with the dark matter specific angular momentum. Methods. Using a combination of high-quality H I rotation curves, H I surface densities, and near-infrared surface brightness profiles, we homogeneously measure the stellar (j*) and gas (jgas) specific angular momenta for a large sample of nearby disc galaxies. This allows us to determine the baryonic specific angular momentum (jbar) with high accuracy and across a very wide range of masses. Results. We confirm that the j* − M* relation is an unbroken power-law from 7 ≲ log(M*/M⊙) ≲ 11.5, with a slope 0.54 ± 0.02, setting a stronger constraint at dwarf galaxy scales than previous determinations. Concerning the gas component, we find that the jgas − Mgas relation is also an unbroken power-law from 6 ≲ log(Mgas/M⊙) ≲ 11, with a steeper slope of 1.02 ± 0.04. Regarding the baryonic relation, our data support a correlation characterized by a single power-law with a slope 0.60 ± 0.02. Our analysis shows that our most massive spirals and smallest dwarfs lie along the same jbar − Mbar sequence. While the relations are tight and unbroken, we find internal correlations inside them: At fixed M*, galaxies with larger j* have larger disc scale lengths, and at fixed Mbar, gas-poor galaxies have lower jbar than expected. We estimate the retained fraction of baryonic specific angular momentum, fj, bar, finding it constant across our entire mass range with a value of ∼0.6, indicating that the baryonic specific angular momentum of present-day disc galaxies is comparable to the initial specific angular momentum of their dark matter haloes. In general, these results set important constraints for hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models that aim to reproduce galaxies with realistic specific angular momenta.
Reproducibility and Replication of Experimental Particle Physics Results

The recent "replication crisis" has caused practitioners and journal editors in many fields in science to examine closely their methodologies and publishing criteria. Experimental particle physicists are no exceptions to this, but some of the unique features of this sub-field of physics make the issues of reproduction and replication of results a very interesting and informative topic. The experiments take many years to design, construct, and operate. Because the equipment is so large and complex, like that of the Large Hadron Collider and its associated particle detectors, the costs are very high. Large collaborations produce and check the results, and many papers are signed by more than three thousand authors. Experimental particle physics is a mature field with strong traditions followed by the collaborations. This paper gives an introduction to what experimental particle physics is and to some of the tools that are used to analyze the data. It describes the procedures used to ensure that results can be computationally reproduced, both internally and externally. It also describes methods particle physicists use to maximize the reliability of the results, which increases the probability that they can be replicated by other collaborations or even the same collaborations with more data and new personnel. Examples of results that were later found to be false are given, both with failed replication attempts and some with alarmingly successful replications. While some of the characteristics of particle physics experiments are unique, many of the procedures and techniques can be and are used in other fields.
CSI2Image: Image Reconstruction From Channel State Information Using Generative Adversarial Networks

This study aims to determine the upper limit of the wireless sensing capability of acquiring physical space information. This is a challenging objective because, at present, wireless sensing studies continue to succeed in acquiring novel phenomena. Thus, although we have still not obtained a complete answer, a step is taken toward it herein. To achieve this, CSI2Image, a novel channel state information (CSI)-to-image conversion method based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), is proposed. The type of physical information acquired using wireless sensing can be estimated by checking whether the reconstructed image captures the desired physical space information. We demonstrate three types of learning methods: generator-only learning, GAN-only learning, and hybrid learning. Evaluating the performance of CSI2Image is difficult because both the clarity of the image and the presence of the desired physical space information must be evaluated. To solve this problem, we propose a quantitative evaluation methodology using an image-based object detection system. CSI2Image was implemented using IEEE 802.11ac compressed CSI, and the evaluation results show that CSI2Image successfully reconstructs images. The results demonstrate that generator-only learning is sufficient for simple wireless sensing problems; however, in complex wireless sensing problems, GANs are essential for reconstructing generalized images with more accurate physical space information.
Are Capital Goods Tariffs Different?, WP/20/61, May 2020

In this paper we demonstrate the importance of distinguishing capital goods tariffs from other tariffs. Using exposure to a quasi-natural experiment induced by a trade reform in Colombia, we find that firms that have been more exposed to a reduction in intermediate and consumption input or output tariffs do not significantly increase their investment rates. However, firms’ investment rate increase strongly in response to a reduction in capital goods input tariffs. Firms do not substitute capital with labor, but instead also increase employment, especially for production workers. Reduction in other tariff rates do not increase investment and employment. Our results suggest that a reduction in the relative price of capital goods can significantly boost investment and employment and does not seem to lead to a decline in the labor share. JEL Classification Numbers: D22, D25, E22, E24, F13, F14
DECOMPOSITION OF DIFFERENCES 1 BETWEEN PERSONAL INCOMES DISTRIBUTIONS IN POLAND 2

In this paper we study differences between personal incomes 12 distributions in Poland in 2002 and 2012. The empirical data have been 13 collected within the Household Budget Survey project. We used the Machado 14 & Mata decomposition, which utilizes quantile regression. This method 15 allowed us to investigate differences between income distributions in the 16 whole range of values, going beyond simple average value decomposition. 17 We evaluated influence of person’s attributes on the differences of incomes 18 distributions in 2002 and 2012. By decomposing the differences into the 19 explained and unexplained components we got information about their 20 causes. The differences described by the explained part are caused by 21 different characteristics of samples. The unexplained part shows differences 22 caused by the changes of attribute importance. 23
Superconformal indices on S 1 × (S 5 / Z p )

We obtain generating functions associated to the abelian superconformal indices for 6d ( 1 , 0 ) tensor and hypermultiplets on S 1 × (S 5 / Z p ) . We extract the superconformal indices and their high and low temperature behaviors. We consider round and generically squashed S 5 in turn. We show that the unsquashed limit of the superconformal indices is smooth. We examine S-duality in the large p limit that acts by exchanging the Hopf circle with the temporal circle.
A Case Study on Soil Improvement with Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC)

Soil treatment was utilized on numerous production sites to compact cohesion less formations, having the objective to increase earth characteristics and decrease probable subsidence. Within the last few years, Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) has increased its attractiveness as a soil treatment method. RIC is an innovative dynamic compaction technique primarily used to compact sandy soils where silt and clay contents are low. This work presents a case study of ground improvement using RIC and its suitability for site preparation earthworks. The RIC technique has been performed in an early site preparation which consists of a cut and fill contract for a mega project in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RIC is a process where loose subsurface soils are improved through compaction with the utilization of successive impact blows from the top surface. This project involves the compaction of the fill materials (with an average thickness of 4 m) and loose natural formations (averaging 4 m in depth). The objective of the soil treatment scheme is to increase the relative density of the soils (both fill and natural) to 85%. The usage of the RIC within the site preparation earthwork applications is possible provided the presence of certain elements—specifically, granular materials and particles finer than number 200 sieve—do not exceed 15%. The RIC method proved to be cost- and time-effective when utilized for filling compaction activities since it compacts considerable soil thicknesses with a single action from the top surface, and can be used as an alternative to the traditional method of compacting fill formations in pre-determined lift thicknesses.
최신 APT 해킹공격에 대한 방어

Recent high profile attacks have brought the attention of governments, corporations, and the general public towards the dangers posed by Advanced Persistent Threats. This paper provides an analysis of the attack vectors employed by these actors by studying several recent attacks. We present recommendations on how to best defend against these threats by better classification of critical information infrastructure and assets, people protection, penetration tests, access control, security monitoring, and patch management
Onomastic lexicography

Modern scholarship and techniques of data analysis have shown that even the best current dictionaries of surnames in Britain are full of errors, oversights, guesswork, fudges, and omissions. In this paper we present a new project designed to rectify this situation. A database has been compiled containing entries for all the family names in Britain. Entries in this database for family names with more than 100 bearers — and for many less frequent names, too — are being systematically compared with data on medieval surnames and with a geodemographic analysis of the 1881 census. The associations between surnames and localities are explored systematically, with results that quite often have a profound effect on our understanding of the origins and etymology. The English, Celtic, French, and Scandinavian etymologies of native names are investigated using the best techniques of historical linguistic scholarship. The national identity of recent immigrant names is
Understanding How the Coronavirus Affects the Global Economy: A Guide for Non-Economists

The coronavirus is causing considerable damage to the global economy, and the potential damage is continuing to grow. Unlike many other crises, evaluating the economic impact of the coronavirus is extremely challenging, due to the complexity of the ways in which it affects economic activity. This paper explains the main channels that economists think about when attempting to gauge the virus’s economic fallout, and then presents some of the most recent assessments being circulated in the research community. It is written in a manner that is accessible to non-economists, while still making use of the cutting-edge contributions made in the academic literature.
Optimally Positioned Elliptical Chainrings Show No Performance or Physiological Effects in 30s Sprints

Some studies have shown an increase in performance in very short duration events (e.g., a sprint) when using elliptical chainring. Computer modeling of these chainrings has shown that manufacturer-suggested installation is not optimal for increased average power output or decreased joint moments of the hip, knee, and ankle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether “optimizing” the position of elliptical chainrings would improve performance. 6 subjects performed 5, 30s Wingate tests; 3 tests with each of 5 chainring conditions. Performance was measured by peak power output (PP), mean power output (MP), and fatigue index (FI). Physiological effort was ascertained by blood lactate taken by fingerstick pre-test, post-test, and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes of passive recovery. Tests were separated by 24 hours. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed to determine the effects of time and chainring on dependent variables. Pairwise comparison showed that the Osymetric Optimal condition had significantly lower PP values than the Circular condition, p=0.007, and Rotor condition, p=0.02. There were no other significant performance effects. There was a main effect of chainring on 20-minute recovered blood lactate levels, p=0.026. Optimally positioned chainrings show a negative trend on performance, and no consistent effect on physiological effort. KeywordsChainring, Cycling, Elliptical, Wingate,
Nonviral Reprogramming Genes Accelerate Formation of Neurons from Murine Embryonic Brain Cells: Synergistic Effect of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Therapy

Introduction: The lesser quantity products of reprogrammed stem cells and slower differentiation of stem cells into neurons have limited the advance of cell therapy in clinical applications. Neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, FGF, and IGF are critical factors for further differentiation and proliferation of neuronal cells. However, the influence of the reprogramming genes on the neurotrophic factors is unclear. Methods: Murine primary embryonic brain cells were transfected with cDNA constructs combining non-viral reprogramming genes and with/without complete length cDNA constructs of these neurotrophic factors. Reprogrammed iPSCs and progressive differentiated neural cells and controls were observed using methods of imaging and quantities. Results: Our results suggested: 1) During time-courses from the transformation of iPSCs into progressively staged neuron cells, the non-viral reprogramming genes have been significantly accelerated formations of progenitor cells, neuron cells, and neuron network, respectively. 2) The non-viral reprogramming genes directly increased gene expressions of BDNF, GDNF, FGF and IGF at RNA levels. 3) cDNA BDNF plus reprogramming genes showed a robust induction of the immature neuronal marker doublecortin at the protein level. Conclusion: This study presents a high-efficiency approach for producing non-viral reprogrammed stem cells and auxiliary differentiated neuronal cells, which would potentially apply in the future clinical applications.
Inhibition of sucrose digestion and absorption by L-arabinose in rats

小腸スクラーゼ活性を選択的に阻害するL-アラビノースを14C-スクロースとともにラットに投与し, 6時間までの呼気14CO2排出量および消化管内14C-残存量を測定した。 その結果,1) 14C-スクロース摂取後6時間までの呼気14CO2排出量は, 同時に投与したL-アラビノースによって有意に抑制された。 L-アラビノースの作用は用量依存的であり, 50mg/kgおよび250mg/kg投与群の抑制率はそれぞれ31. 7%, 45.6%であった。 2) ラットにおけるスクロース負荷後の血糖上昇も同時に投与したL-アラビノースによって有意に抑制された。 3) 呼気14CO2排出量および血糖上昇に対して, L-アラビノース50mg/kgは作用比較物質アカルボース1. 5mg/kgと同等の抑制作用を示した。 4) L-アラビノース投与群では14C-スクロース摂取から6時間後において盲腸および結腸部に多量の残存14Cが認められた。 以上の結果から, L-アラビノースはスクロースとともに摂取した場合, スクロースの消化吸収を抑制し, そのエネルギー利用を低下させると結論された。
Pancakes and crooked graphs∗

We give a very brief account of the work of Dima Fon-Der-Flaass on pancakes and distance-regular graphs. Pancakes Thinking back of Dima, I have only positive memories. Working with Dima was fun! Having him as a visitor was even more fun. I remember very well that on one of his visits to Tilburg, he invited me over for lunch at the hotel. No ordinary lunch, no: he baked delicious pancakes in his hotel room. That is Dima as I will remember and miss him. Dima’s recipe for the pancakes: keep your feet on the ground, be creative and surprising. Distance-regular graphs A distance-regular graph with intersection array {b0, b1, . , bd−1; c1, . , cd} is a connected graph with diameter d such that for every vertex x and vertex y at distance i from x, the number of neighbours of y at distance i−1 from x equals ci, and the number of neighbours of y at distance i + 1 from x equals bi, for all i. Such a graph is regular with valency b0 (for more basic information on distance-regular graphs, see [3]). Crooked graphs De Caen, Mathon, and Moorhouse [7] constructed distance-regular graphs with intersection array {22t − 1, 22t − 2, 1; 1, 2, 22t − 1}. Such graphs are antipodal covers of the complete graph. The graphs are easily defined as follows. Let GF (22t−1) × GF (2) × GF (22t−1) be the vertex set. Two vertices (a, i, α) and (b, j, β) are adjacent precisely if α + β = ab + ab + (i + j)(a + b). Actually, the graphs are defined in somewhat greater generality; and they are related to the Preparata codes; see [7] for details. The construction also allows for taking quotients. In this way distance-regular graphs with intersection arrays {22t − 1, 22t − 2i, 1; 1, 2i, 22t − 1} ∗In memory of Dima Fon-Der-Flaass. Presented at the International Conference on Algebraic and Geometric Combinatorics, Gyeongju, Korea, July 13, 2010. The author thanks Misha Klin for useful comments.
THE WAYS OF PRODUCING AN UNIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE CAVITATING FLOW IN HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION REACTORS

Possible ways of constructing a general model of cavitation reactors are considered. A mathematical model is proposed that without using any limiting assumptions describes adequately the dynamics of vapor-gas bubbles and the behavior of a cavitation cluster in a wide range of regime parameters. In the framework of the model, the influence of gas content and liquid temperature on the cavitation intensity is considered. The possibility of modifying the model as applied to optimizing the operation of cavitation reactors is discussed.