Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional Diﬀerences in Cognitive Dissonance in Evacuation Behavior at the time of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

This paper constructs an evacuation decision-making model that takes cognitive dissonance into consideration. The purpose of this construction is to clarify the psychological mechanism for the evacuation behavior of residents during an emergency, based on Akerlof and Dickens (1982). Specifically, we empirically explore people’s psychological mechanism (e.g. cognitive dissonance) for evacuation behavior when a tsunami disaster occurs. As a result, we show that the level of anxiety depends on the area where residents live and that the average anxiety of residents is mostly correlated to the level of damage of past disasters, and that it is affected also by the ages of residents. Since the level of anxiety largely affects an individual’s evacuation behavior, this result can indicate for what kinds of people intervention and assistance are required based on the level of anxiety.
Eﬀect of Diﬀerent Types of Lower-limb Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive People: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial

Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the immediate and long-lasting eﬀects of eccentric and concentric exercises on hypertension in individuals with high blood pressure. Methods: A total of 45 hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to three intervention groups as eccentric exercise (n = 15), concentric exercise (n = 15), and control (n = 15) groups. All the volunteers underwent exercise interventions for four weeks, three sessionsperweek(12sessionsintotal)astreadmillwalkingwith+10% gradient(concentricgroup),-10% gradient(eccentricgroup), orneutralgradient. Beforetheintervention,immediatelyaftertheﬁrstsessionof theintervention,aftertheendof theintervention, and48hoursaftertheendof theintervention,systolicanddiastolicbloodpressure,heartrate,andmaximumoxygenconsumption were measured and compared between the groups. Results: The positive gradient group had higher diastolic blood pressure 48 h after the intervention than the negative and neutral gradient groups (P < 0.05). There was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in the other study variables between eccentric and concentric exercise groups (P > 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that eccentric exercises immediately reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Eccentric and constrictive exercises reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure for the long term (P < 0.05). Exonerative and constrictive exercises improved the heart rate, maximum oxygen consumption, and systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure in the short and long term (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric and concentric exercises with immediate and long-lasting eﬀects improved systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption. No signiﬁcant diﬀerence was found between the two types of exercises in terms of the variables studied.
Does Icy Interstellar Dust Form The Largest Primordial Soup in the Universe?

In the abiogenesis hypothesis, self-replicating RNA is generally as-sumed to have arisen out of a primordial soup of amino acids no later than 500 million years before life on Earth. Recently, prebiotic molecules such as glycolaldehyde and amino acetonitrile were found to be abundant in nebulas such as Sagittarius B2. In this paper I propose that icy grains within nebulas can act as tiny primordial soups, and I investigate the con-sequences of such. I further argue that a typical nebula contains so much of these grains that it would be astronomically more likely to create a self-replicator than Earths primitive oceans. Finding the ﬁrst self-replicator could be a problem signiﬁcantly more di ﬃ cult than previously envisioned, requiring the contribution of a larger primordial soup spread across a nebula and operating for billions of years prior to life on Earth. Finally, we discuss the Fermi paradox in the context of a mechanism by which life could be expected to lag the Big Bang by 10 billion years, hence sug-gesting that we may not only be alone, but also not inconceivably the ﬁrst.
Effect of Interleaver on Communication Systems with Concatenated Coding

The channel encoding or error control coding which are often adopted in the communication systems are originally designed to overcome the random independent noise. However, the performance could be severely degraded over the bursty impulsive noise channels. In this paper the system performance based on the bit-error-rate (BER) is analyzed for various combinations of encoding schemes and the interleaver which include the location, the size and the type. Simulations results show that these parameters are closely related to the performance of the system in the burst error channels
(2017). Swarm intelligence in fish? The difficulty in demonstrating distributed and self-organised collective intelligence in (some) animal groups. Behavioural Processes Part

Larger groups often have a greater ability to solve cognitive tasks compared to smaller ones or lone individuals. This is well established in social insects, navigating ﬂocks of birds, and in groups of prey collectively vigilant for predators. Research in social insects has convincingly shown that improved cog- nitive performance can arise from self-organised local interactions between individuals that integrates their contributions, often referred to as swarm intelligence. This emergent collective intelligence has gained in popularity and been directly applied to groups of other animals, including ﬁsh. Despite being a likely mechanism at least partially explaining group performance in vertebrates, I argue here that other possible explanations are rarely ruled out in empirical studies. Hence, evidence for self-organised collective (or ‘swarm’) intelligence in ﬁsh is not as strong as it would ﬁrst appear. These other explanations, the ‘pool-of-competence’ and the greater cognitive ability of individuals when in larger groups, are also reviewed. Also discussed is why improved group performance in general may be less often observed in animals such as shoaling ﬁsh compared to social insects. This review intends to
Heat Shock Protein Synthesis and Thermal Tolerance in Wheat1

Plants respond to high temperature stress by the synthesis of an assortment of heat shock proteins that have been correlated with an acquired thermal tolerance to otherwise lethal temperatures. This study was conducted to determine whether genotypic differences in acquired thermal tolerance were associated with changes in the pattern of heat shock protein synthesis. The pattern of heat shock protein synthesis was analyzed by wS-methionine incorporation in wheat (Trlfcum aestivum L.) varieties exhibiting distinct levels of acquired thermal tolerance. Significant quantitative differences between the cultivars Mustang and Sturdy were observed in the HSP exhibiting apparent molecular weights of 16, 17, 22, 26, 33, and 42 Kilodaltons. Genotypic differences in the synthesis of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase were observed at 340C. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis revealed unique proteins (16, 17, and 26 kilodaltons) in the thermal tolerant variety Mustang that were absent in the more thermal sensitive variety Sturdy. These results provide a correlation between the synthesis of specific low molecular weight heat shock proteins and the degree of thermal tolerance expressed following exposure to elevated temperatures.
ACCRETION FLOW AND DISPARATE PROFILES OF RAMAN SCATTERED O VI λλ 1032, 1038 IN THE SYMBIOTIC STAR V1016 CYGNI

The symbiotic star V1016 Cygni, a detached binary system consisting of a hot white dwarf and a mass-losing Mira variable, shows very broad emission features at around 6825 A and 7082 A, which are Raman scattered Ovi ? 1032, 1038 by atomic hydrogen. In the high resolution spectrum of V1016 Cyg obtained with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph these broad features exhibit double peak profiles with the red peak stronger than the blue counterpart. However, their profiles differ in such a way that the blue peak of the 7082 feature is relatively weaker than the 6825 counterpart when the two Raman features are normalized to exhibit an equal red peak strength in the Doppler factor space. Assuming that an accretion flow around the white dwarf is responsible for the double peak profiles, we attribute this disparity in the profiles to the local variation of the flux ratio of Ovi ? 1032, 1038 in the accretion flow. A Monte Carlo technique is adopted to provide emissivity maps showing the local emissivity of Ovi ? 1032 and Ovi ? 1038 in the vicinity of the white dwarf. We also present a map indicating the differing flux ratios of Ovi ? 1032 and 1038. Our result shows that the flux ratio reaches its maximum of 2 in the emission region responsible for the central trough of the Raman feature and that the flux ratio in the inner red emission region is almost 1. The blue emission region and the outer red emission region exhibit an intermediate ratio around 1.5. We conclude that the disparity in the profiles of the two Raman Ovi features strongly implies accretion flow around the white dwarf, which is azimuthally asymmetric.
Mapping of the CXCR4 Binding Site within Variable Region 3 of the Feline Immunodeﬁciency Virus Surface Glycoprotein (cid:1)

Feline immunodeﬁciency virus (FIV) shares with T-cell tropic strains of human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) the use of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 for cellular entry. In order to map the interaction of the FIV envelope surface unit (SU) with CXCR4, full-length FIV SU-Fc as well as constructs with deletions of extended loop L2, V3, V4, or V5 were produced in stable CHO cell lines. Binding studies were performed using these proteins on 3201 cells (CXCR4 hi CD134 (cid:1) ), with or without the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. The ﬁndings established that SU binding to CXCR4 speciﬁcally requires the V3 region of SU. Synthetic peptides spanning the V3 region as well as a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to SU were used to further map the site of CXCR4 interaction. Both the SU V3-speciﬁc antibodies and the full-length V3 peptide potently blocked binding of SU to CXCR4 and virus entry. By using a set of nested peptides overlapping a region of SU speciﬁcally recognized by CD134-dependent neutralizing V3 MAbs, we showed that the neutralizing epitope and the region required for CXCR4 binding are within the same contiguous nine-amino-acid sequence of V3. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to reveal that serine 393 and tryptophan 394 at the predicted tip of V3 are required to facilitate entry into the target cell via CXCR4. the amino acid sequences are identical between and the of to and the for development of broad-based entry Recombinant SU proteins. Deletion mutants of FIV-PPR SU were generated using PCR-ligation-PCR mutagenesis (1). Brieﬂy, fragments of FIV-PPR SU were joined after ampliﬁcation in separate PCRs. The PCR primers used for these reactions were designed to contain a blunt-ended restriction enzyme site, and products from the initial PCRs were digested with the corresponding re- striction enzymes, gel puriﬁed, and ligated. A fraction of each ligation reaction mixture was then used to amplify the ligated DNA by a second PCR, using the 5 (cid:2) primer for the upstream fragment and the 3 (cid:2) primer for the downstream fragment. The PCR products were then
Perspective: A Framework for Addressing Dynamic Food Consumption Processes

ABSTRACT The study of food consumption, diet, and related concepts is motivated by diverse goals, including understanding why food consumption impacts our health, and why we eat the foods we do. These varied motivations can make it challenging to define and measure consumption, as it can be specified across nearly infinite dimensions—from micronutrients to carbon footprint to food preparation. This challenge is amplified by the dynamic nature of food consumption processes, with the underlying phenomena of interest often based on the nature of repeated interactions with food occurring over time. This complexity underscores a need to not only improve how we measure food consumption but is also a call to support theoreticians in better specifying what, how, and why food consumption occurs as part of processes, as a prerequisite step to rigorous measurement. The purpose of this Perspective article is to offer a framework, the consumption process framework, as a tool that researchers in a theoretician role can use to support these more robust definitions of consumption processes. In doing so, the framework invites theoreticians to be a bridge between practitioners who wish to measure various aspects of food consumption and methodologists who can develop measurement protocols and technologies that can support measurement when consumption processes are clearly defined. In the paper we justify the need for such a framework, introduce the consumption process framework, illustrate the framework via a use case, and discuss existing technologies that enable the use of this framework and, by extension, more rigorous study of consumption. This consumption process framework demonstrates how theoreticians could fundamentally shift how food consumption is defined and measured towards more rigorous study of what, how, and why food is eaten as part of dynamic processes and a deeper understanding of linkages between behavior, food, and health.
PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS IN IMPORTED GREAT BLUE TURACO,

The Great Blue Turaco ( Corythaeola cristata ) has been raised in captivity for over a hundred years, but their susceptibility to infectious disease is very poorly documented. The macroscopic, histopathologic, and ultrastructural changes in the respiratory tract of nine Great Blue Turacos ( Corythaeola cristata ) who died in captivity were investigated. Macroscopically diffuse granulomatous lesions were observed in the lung and the associated air sacs, with a grey-greenish mold on their inner surface. Histopathologic examination revealed widespread necrosis in the lungs associated with vasculitis. Microthrombi were observed in the blood vessels suggesting disseminating intravascular coagulation. Intra-alveolar hemorrhage and infiltration with macrophages, plasma cells, epithelioid cells, and multinucleate giant cells were observed. PAS staining showed hyphae and conidia, While, Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative. Transmission electron microcopy examination revealed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia invading the pulmonary tissue as semilunar spores within the alveolar macrophages. Lysosomal degranulation was also observed in association with fragmented spores suggesting active phagocyosis. Awareness of this condition might improve the rapid and appropriate treatment of exotic birds kept in captivity.
A Foot Placement Strategy for Robust Bipedal Gait Control

This thesis introduces a new measure of balance for bipedal robotics called the foot placement estimator (FPE). To develop this measure, stability first is defined for a simple biped. A proof of the stability of a simple biped in a controls sense is shown to exist using classical methods for nonlinear systems. With the addition of a contact model, an analytical solution is provided to define the bounds of the region of stability. This provides the basis for the FPE which estimates where the biped must step in order to be stable. By using the FPE in combination with a state machine, complete gait cycles are created without any precalculated trajectories. This includes gait initiation and termination. The bipedal model is then advanced to include more realistic mechanical and environmental models and the FPE approach is verified in a dynamic simulation. From these results, a 5-link, point-foot robot is designed and constructed to provide the final validation that the FPE can be used to provide closed-loop gait control. In addition, this approach is shown to demonstrate significant robustness to external disturbances. Finally, the FPE is shown in experimental results to be an unprecedented estimate of where humans place their feet for walking and jumping, and for stepping in response to an external disturbance.
A direct solution to the phonon Boltzmann equation

The frequency dependent phonon Boltzmann equation is transformed to an integral equation over the irreducible part of the Brillouin zone. Simultaneous diagonalization of the collision kernel of that equation and a symmetry crystal class operator allow to obtain a spectral representation of the lattice thermal conductivity valid at finite frequency. The method is applied to C, Si and Mg$_2$Si to obtain the static and dynamical thermal conductivities.
Chemical potential variations in thermoelectrics

Thermoelectric materials have been a fascinating field of research ever since their first exploration. Due to their capability to convert excess heat into electrical energy in a clean and sustainable way they could be of great importance for future technologies. In order to build more efficient thermoelectric devices it is crucial to get a thorough understanding of the complex interplay of the different mechanisms within a thermoelectric material. Especially materials with large power producing capabilities can show transport coefficients which strongly depend on the temperature as well as on the position of the chemical potential. There have been several studies which include the temperature dependence explicitly but none including the chemical potential at the same level. In this work we solve the macroscopic transport equations with their full temperature and chemical potential dependences and discuss the impact of this extended treatment on the efficiency. For that reason we derive suitable equations and boundary conditions for junctions between different materials. We apply these equations to a full two-leg device consisting of two active regions with arbitrary materials connected by two metallic regions. We show that the equations which describe the different active regions can be decoupled which strongly reduces the complexity of the problem. We build a simulation that solves the remaining non-linear differential equations iteratively and determines the efficiency from the calculated temperatureand chemical potential distribution. As the program will be made available freely we also build a graphical user interface in order to improve the usability. We show simulation results for three materials i.e. Bi2Te3, SrTiO3 and FeSb2 and compare the simulated efficiencies with methods to analytically estimate the efficiency. We find that the chemical potential can be far away from its equilibrium value at the junctions due to the formation of Schottky contacts which, in some cases, dramatically decreases the efficiency. This effect has been neglected in thermoelectrics in the past which might have led to the discard of promising materials. Additionally we build a numerical routine which allows to calculate the optimum doping profile and we discuss how the efficiency can be increased with that procedure. We find for Bi2Te3 that the gain of differential doping compared to uniform doping is about 13%.
Two novel magnesium(II) coordination complexes: Syntheses, combined experimental and theoretical structures elucidation, spectroscopy, photophysical properties and antibacterial activity

coordination complexes: Syntheses, theoretical Abstract Two novel magnesium(II) tetraphenylporphyrin-based six-coordinate complexes; )magnesium(II) ( 2 ) have been synthesised and confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. Both crystal structures were determined and described by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and Hirshfeld surfaces computational method. All Mg(II) atoms are surrounded by four porphyrin nitrogen atoms and two axial ligands coordinated to the metal ion through one nitrogen atom, forming a regular octahedron. In both complexes, molecular structures and three-dimensional framework are stabilised by inter-and intramolecular C– H  O and C–H  N hydrogen bonds, and by weak C–H  Cg π interactions. UV-visible and Fluorescence investigations, respectively, show that studied complexes have a strong absorption in red part and exhibit an emission in the blue region. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap values, modelled using the DFT approach, indicates that both studied compounds can be classiﬁed as semiconductors. The role of these complexes as novel antibacterial agents was also performed. [ max (nm) in 2 MS calcd 72 46 4 8 Anal. Calcd. 72 46 4 8 : 78.96 found: FTR-IR cm ν NH porphyrin), Main chemical preparation steps (scheme). Crystal data, Structure refinement and Geometric parameters for both complexes. UV-Vis, Fluorescence and IR spectra Data. Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots. Crystallographic data: CCDC 1563039 ( 1 ) 1563041 ( 2 ).
Impact of gamification on glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Aims The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very high and still rising. Optimal medical therapy and lifestyle management are essential in reducing the long-term complications of T2DM. Gamification, which is the use of design elements, and characteristics of games in a non-gaming context, is an innovative approach to improve healthy behaviour. It thereby could be able to improve glycaemic control in T2DM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of gamification on glycaemic control expressed by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in T2DM patients. Methods and results All articles from 2000 to 2021 were searched in electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase). The total number of patients was 704. The rate of male participants and their mean ages ranged, respectively, from 46% to 94% and 60 to 63 years. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of T2DM management using gamification which included HbA1c as an outcome measure. A meta-analysis was performed. After removing duplicates, 129 articles were screened and a total of 3 articles corresponding to the inclusion criteria were identified. Haemoglobin A1c was significantly reduced [mean difference −0.21; 95% confidence interval (−0.37 to −0.05); P = 0.01; I2 = 0%] in the intervention group using gamification as compared to the control group. Conclusion Gamification has a positive effect on glycaemic control expressed by HbA1c changes in patients with T2DM. However, only three studies were included in this review. More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of gamification in T2DM.
Single-domain properties of 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 single crystals under electric field bias

We report a complete set of material properties of single-domain, relaxor-based 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 [PMN–33%PT] single crystals. Because the single-domain state is unstable in natural conditions, a bias electric field of 0.2 MV/m was applied along the dipole direction of the rhombohedral phase during the measurements. It was found that the electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 and the piezoelectric constant d33 for single-domain PMN–33%PT are 69% and 190 pC/N, respectively. Both of them are much smaller than those of multidomain PMN–33%PT poled along [001] direction. However, the shear piezoelectric constant d15 of single-domain PMN–33%PT reaches 4100 pC/N, which is much higher than that of multidomain PMN–33%PT.
World-Sheets from N = 4 Super Yang-Mills

discretized AdS5 × S 5 superstring with the kappa-symmetry fixed in the killing gauge and in the expansion corresponding to the weak ’t Hooft coupling expansion in the SYM. We find that some of their properties are identical, although further studies are required to obtain a more precise comparison. Our result suggests a mechanism thorough which the world-sheet emerges dynamically from N = 4 SYM and this enables us to derive the manner in which the AdS5 × S 5 superstring is reproduced in the AdS/CFT correspondence.