Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison study of machine learning classifiers to detect anomalies

In this era of Internet ensuring the confidentiality, authentication and integrity of any resource exchanged over the net is the imperative. Presence of intrusion prevention techniques like strong password, firewalls etc. are not sufficient to monitor such voluminous network traffic as they can be breached easily. Existing signature based detection techniques like antivirus only offers protection against known attacks whose signatures are stored in the database.Thus, the need for real-time detection of aberrations is observed. Existing signature based detection techniques like antivirus only offers protection against known attacks whose signatures are stored in the database. Machine learning classifiers are implemented here to learn how the values of various fields like source bytes, destination bytes etc. in a network packet decides if the packet is compromised or not . Finally the accuracy of their detection is compared to choose the best suited classifier for this purpose. The outcome thus produced may be useful to offer real time detection while exchanging sensitive information such as credit card details.
Parasitoid assemblage associated with a North American pine weevil in South Africa

The weevil Pissodes sp. was first reported as an introduced pest on exotic Pinus spp. in South Africa in 1942. It is only recently that the native wasp Pycnetron pix Prinsloo was described from South Africa as a parasitoid of this weevil. We estimated the frequency and distribution of the association between P. pix and Pissodes sp. , as well as the occurrence of possible other natural enemies. Parasitoids were reared from Pissodes‐infested Pinus radiata D. Don and Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham logs collected from major Pinus‐growing regions. The identity of parasitoids was confirmed using morphological and molecular techniques. Parasitism was confirmed by analyzing gut content sequences of parasitoids. Pycnetron pix was found parasitizing Pissodes sp. throughout major Pinus‐growing provinces of the country. Another native parasitoid, Cratocnema sp. , is reported for the first time as a parasitoid of Pissodes sp. Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), a known parasitoid of Pissodes spp. in their native range, was also detected and confirmed to be of European origin. Although characterized by an erratic distribution and a low parasitism rate, an accruing suite of natural enemies was documented, suggesting that there is potential for augmentative biological control of Pissodes sp. in South Africa.
A biopsychosocial framework for recovery from COVID-19

PurposeThis paper proposes a biopsychosocial (BPS) analysis of COVID-19 experiences which enhances understanding of complex and interrelated factors and leads to the proposition of a BPS recovery framework.Design/methodology/approachOnline narrative research was used to explore people's experiences of COVID-19 and was conducted over a four-month period. The call was distributed via a short open-ended qualitative online survey advertised on social media platforms and 305 responses came from across England.FindingsThe findings illustrate people with a narrow range of BPS characteristics experienced over a wide range of BPS impacts which are nuanced, complex and dynamic. Left unaddressed these may create future adverse BPS characteristics. An integrated BPS framework for recovery is proposed to avoid such further negative outcomes from the pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample contained a bias in age, gender and living arrangements.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a clear framework to enable integrated holistic recovery/regrowth planning.Social implicationsUsing the framework would reduce social and health inequities which have been recently deepened by COVID-19 in the long-term.Originality/valueThe paper is original in its use of a BPS analytical framework.
Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction, Purification, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Polysaccharide from Cornus officinalis Leaves

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of polysaccharide from Cornus officinalis leaves (COLP) was optimized. After isolation and purification, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polysaccharide were studied in vitro. The extraction rate was highest under conditions of ultrasonic power 340 W, solvent to solid ratio 26:1(v/w), extraction temperature 71 °C and extraction time 2.3 h, reaching 7.04%, which was consistent with the model predicted value. The crude polysaccharide was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column, and four components COLP-1, COLP-2, COLP-3 and COLP-4 were obtained. Then, Sephadex G-100 chromatography column was used to purify COLP-1 and COLP-3, and two components COLP-1-1 and COLP-3-2 were obtained. COLP-1-1 had strong scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals, against hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical, with the highest clearance rate reaching 81.48%, 79.48% and 72.87% respectively. COLP-3-2 also had strong scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals, against hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical, with the highest clearance rate reaching 88.57%, 76.64% and 86.08% respectively. The results indicated that COLP-1-1 and COLP-3-2 had higher antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of COLP-3-2 was stronger than COLP-1-1. The results of antibacterial activity showed that COLP-1-1 had the highest antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis and weaker antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus; COLP-3-2 had a certain antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis.
Influences of a Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere (Eastern Hemlock) Riparian Habitat on a Lotic Benthic Community

Abstract Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) forests provide unique riparian zones that can influence adjacent streams, but increasing mortality from the invasive Adelges tsugae (Hemlock Woolly Adelgid) is eliminating this distinctive landscape component in some regions. The objective of this study was to determine if a stream section within a hemlock ravine harbored a unique benthic community as compared to other sections of the stream that could be threatened in the event of a Hemlock Woolly Adelgid outbreak. We sampled benthic algae and macroinvertebrates in an unnamed tributary of Sugar Creek within Beach City Wildlife Area, OH, in April and September 2015. The stream flows through 3 riparian habitats: beech—maple upland forest, hemlock ravine, and lowland forest dominated by Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple), A. negundo (Box Elder), and Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore). Our results show that Chironomidae, Navicula, Caloneis, and Nitzschia were the dominant taxa across all 3 stream sections, but that benthic macroinvertebrate richness and density were significantly lower in the hemlock ravine when compared to the lowland habitat. Periphyton community metrics were not significantly affected by riparian habitat. Overall, seasonality was more influential than riparian habitat on benthic community composition; specific taxa were indicative of either the spring or summer season. Connectivity between stream sites and/or the abundance of sandstone bedrock substrate at many sample locations might account for the similarity in benthic communities across these 3 habitats.
Graph attention temporal convolutional network for traffic speed forecasting on road networks

Traffic speed forecasting plays an increasingly essential role in successful intelligent transportation systems. However, this still remains a challenging task when the accuracy requirement is demanding. To improve the prediction accuracy and achieve a timely performance, the capture of the intrinsically spatio-temporal dependencies and the creation of a parallel model architecture are required. Accordingly, we propose a novel end-to-end deep learning framework named Graph Attention Temporal Convolutional Network (GATCN). The proposed model employs the graph attention network to mine the complex spatial correlations within the traffic network and temporal convolution operation to capture temporal dependencies. In addition, the multi-head self-attention mechanism is incorporated into the model to extract the spatio-temporal coupling effects. Experiments show that the proposed model consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines for various prediction intervals on two real-world datasets. Moreover, we reveal that the proposed model can effectively distinguish the sophisticated traffic patterns of ramps on expressways by analyzing the graph attention heatmap.
Basidiobolus haptosporus-like fungus as a causal agent of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis and its link to the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) as a potential risk factor

Basidiobolus spp. are a significant causal agent of infections in man and animals including gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB). Little information is available on how these infections are acquired or transmitted, apart from the postulation that environmental sources are implicated. This study aimed to identify Basidiobolus spp. from GIB patients and from the house gecko as a possible source of infection in Aseer, Saudi Arabia. Basidiobolus spp. were isolated from patient specimens (colonic mass biopsy) and from house gecko (gut contents) from Muhayil Aseer areas, in southern Saudi Arabia, using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) which was incubated aerobically for up to three weeks at 30°C. Isolated fungi were initially identified using classical mycological tools and confirmed by sequence analysis of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Cultured specimens from humans and geckos revealed phenotypically similar zygomycete-like fungi which conform to those of Basidiobolus species. The strains formed a monophyletic clade in the 28S ribosomal RNA gene phylogenetic tree. They shared 99.97% similarity with B. haptosporus and 99.97% with B. haptosporus var. minor but have a relatively remote similarity to B. ranarum (99.925%). One isolates from a gecko (L3) fall within the sub-clade encompassing B. haptosporus strain NRRL28635. The study strongly suggests a new and a serious causal agent of GIB related to Basidiobolus haptosporus. The isolation of identical Basidiobolus haptosporus-like strains from humans and lizards from one area is an important step towards identifying risk factors for GIB. Research is underway to screen more environmental niches and fully describe the Basidiobolus strains.
Bridging the Literature Gap: A Framework for Assessing Actor Participation in Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS)

Participatory guarantee systems (PGS) have become increasingly important for organic quality assurance. PGS are promoted as more suitable than third-party certification (TPC) for smallholder farmers in the Global South. The advocated benefits of PGS include the promotion of organic agriculture, farmer empowerment, and the facilitation of food system sustainability. To deliver these benefits, local actor participation is key. To date, there is still an absence of in-depth studies on participation in PGS in the literature. The aim of this study was to contribute to closing this research gap by (i) conducting a meta-analysis on PGS participation and (ii) presenting a framework for studying actor participation in PGS. A systematic literature review on participation in PGS was carried out, using a framework based on Cohen and Uphoff (1980). The results showed that data on participation in PGS are still fragmented in scientific literature. Quantitative empirical evidence and data on the extent and purpose of participation and actors’ perception of participation, for example, are very scarce or not available at all. This paper argues that a systematic and theory-based approach to further research on participation in PGS is needed for improved understanding and facilitation, and suggests an adapted version of Cohen and Uphoff’s (1980) framework for conducting this research.
Repulsive guidance molecule acts in axon branching in Caenorhabditis elegans

Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins implicated in repulsive axon guidance. Here we report the function of the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog DRAG-1 in axon branching. The axons of hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs) extend dorsal branches at the region abutting the vulval muscles. The drag-1 mutants exhibited defects in HSN axon branching in addition to a small body size phenotype. DRAG-1 expression in the hypodermal cells was required for the branching of the axons. Although DRAG-1 is normally expressed in the ventral hypodermis excepting the vulval region, its ectopic expression in vulval precursor cells was sufficient to induce the branching. The C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of DRAG-1 was important for its function, suggesting that DRAG-1 should be anchored to the cell surface. Genetic analyses suggested that the membrane receptor UNC-40 acts in the same pathway with DRAG-1 in HSN branching. We propose that DRAG-1 expressed in the ventral hypodermis signals via the UNC-40 receptor expressed in HSNs to elicit branching activity of HSN axons.
UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN “BUPDA” DI DESA POH BERGONG KECAMATAN BULELENG KABUPATEN BULELENG

Upaya pengentasan kemiskinan melalui peningkatan peran desa adat sangat tepat dilakukan khususnya di Bali. Berdasarkan amanat Perda. Propinsi Bali Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 Tentang Desa Adat, maka Desa Adat Poh Bergong lewat sebuah perarem membentuk Baga Utsaha Padruwen Desa Adat ( BUPDA ) yang dikelola oleh desa adat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan pokok permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini yaitu : 1) bagaimanakah memberdayakan usaha-usaha yang tergabung dalam BUPDA Desa Adat Poh Bergong ? ; 2) bagaimanakah menciptakan dan meningkatkan produk unggulan BUPDA Desa Adat Poh Bergong? Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan maksud memperoleh gambaran yang mendalam tentang upaya pemberdayaan dalam pengelolaan BUPDA Desa Adat Poh Bergong. Pengambilan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan pemanfaatan dokumen. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pemberdayaan usaha-usaha yang tergabung dalam BUPDA Desa adat Poh Bergong dilakukan melalui penguatan usaha dengan memberikan kewenangan secara penuh kepada pengelola BUPDA dan membangun fasilitas pendukung usaha, pemberian bantuan modal usaha, serta pembinaan manajemen usaha kepada pengelola BUPDA. Upaya untuk menciptakan dan meningkatkan produk-produk unggulan BUPDA Desa Adat Poh Bergong dilakukan dengan pemberian pelatihan dan keterampilan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produk, sosialisasi terhadap produk melalui media sosial, dan pengembangan usaha dengan merencanakan untuk membangun pasar desa adat yang akan dikelola oleh BUPDA.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Contagious ecthyma Virus in Goats

Contagious ecthyma is a highly contagious, zoonotic viral skin disease that affects mainly sheep and goats. Although, contagious ecthyma usually resolves spontaneously and mortality rate is generally low, the economic impact can be significant. Contagious ecthyma is endemic in most of the countries including India. Keeping in view, the study was undertaken with following objectives 1. Molecular detection of contagious ecthyma virus from clinical samples of goats by polymerase chain reaction. 2. To sequence, analyze partial B2L gene of contagious ecthyma virus and construct phylogenetic tree based on the B2L gene. In the present study, out of the 25 scab samples collected from contagious ecthyma suspected goats, 10 were confirmed positive for contagious ecthyma using PCR. Five representative samples were subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Based on sequencing result and deduced amino acid sequences, the DNA sequences examined in this study were confirmed to be contagious ecthyma virus sequences. It was evident that the nucleotide divergence within Parbhani contagious ecthyma virus sequences was between 0.00 to 0.04 per cent. It was observed that all the five contagious ecthyma virus sequences were phylogenetically closed related with each other and with sequences of North-eastern states of Tripura and Assam than to other contagious ecthyma virus sequences of world. The evolutionary rates and time to the most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) for contagious ecthyma virus estimated to originate during the middle of 2001 with High Posterior Density (HPD) of 95% (1995.5-2007.1 95%CI). The five contagious ecthyma virus sequences studied from the Parbhani district indicated that four contagious ecthyma viruses (F4/CF/PBN/2017, 68/Asola/PBN/2016, 70/PBN/2017 and 96/CF/PBN/2017) are showing close identity with each other with the exception of only one contagious ecthyma virus sequence (N1/Pimpla/PBN/2017) that showed slight variation with contagious ecthyma virus sequences of Parbhani district and close phylogenetic relationship with Jaganathpara/Tripura/14_India_2014, sequence.
Regulation of NF-κB signaling and cell cycle progression by microRNA-30c-2-3p in breast cancer

NF-κB signaling is frequently deregulated in a variety of cancers and is constitutively active in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer subtypes. These molecular subtypes of breast cancer are associated with poor overall survival. During my PhD work, I focused on mechanisms of NF-κB regulation in breast cancer by miRNAs, key regulators of eukaryotic gene expression, which bind their target mRNAs via seed sequences and inhibit gene expression at the post transcriptional level. In a previous study, miR-30c-2-3p was found to be one of the strongest negative regulators of NF-κB signaling in a genome-wide miRNA screen. I uncovered the underlying molecular mechanisms by which miR-30c-2-3p regulates NF-κB signaling and cell cycle progression in breast cancer by combining in vitro data with publically available breast cancer patient datasets. I could show that miR-30c-2-3p directly targets TRADD, an adaptor protein of the TNFR/NF-κB signaling pathway as well as the cell cycle protein, CCNE1. Ectopic expression of miR-30c-2-3p downregulated essential cytokines IL8, IL6 and CXCL1, reduced cell proliferation, and invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RNAi-induced silencing of TRADD phenocopied the effects on invasion and cytokine expression also observed with miR-30c-2-3p, while inhibition of CCNE1 phenocopied the effects of the miRNA on cell proliferation. The tumor suppressive role of miR-30c-2-3p was confirmed in a cohort of 781 breast tumors with matched mRNA and miRNA expression data where higher expression of miR-30c-2-3p was associated with better survival. Furthermore an anticorrelation with expression of target genes and miR-30c-2-3p was seen in these breast cancer patients. These findings are important in the context of breast cancer where NF-κB signaling has been implicated to play a role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. During my thesis work I could establish that miR-30c-2-3p negatively regulates both NF-κB signaling and cell cycle progression, that are two important signaling pathways frequently deregulated in breast cancer. As a result, miR-30c-2-3p directly effects several hallmarks of cancer cells, i.e., proliferation, expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as invasion, and can be potentially used for therapeutic intervention in miRNA based cancer therapy.
The Analysis of Potentiometric Flexible Arrayed Urea Biosensor Modified by Graphene Oxide and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

In this work, we used radio frequency (RF) system and screen printing technology to fabricate urea biosensor based on urease-maghemite nanoparticles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs)/graphene oxide (GO)/nickel oxide (NiO) sensing membrane on silver conductive wire printed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurement system was used to investigate the sensing characteristics of urea biosensors based on GO/NiO sensing membrane modified by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs. The sensing membrane was modified by adding different contents of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs. The concentration of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was 1 mg/mL. When the volume ratio of urease/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs was 1/1, it had the best sensitivity. The average sensitivity, the linearity, and the limit of detection of (LOD) of the best urea biosensor in this work were 52.36 mV/decade ± 0.22 mV/decade, 0.996, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.91~{\mu }\text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The effect of temperature on the urea biosensor was investigated from 25 °C to 65 °C. The stability of urea biosensors was evaluated by the effect of hysteresis and long-term storage stability. After 29 days, the average sensitivity remained 80.62% of the initial value. Compared with other urea biosensors, our urea biosensor based on urease-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs/GO/NiO sensing membrane has better average sensitivity.
Molecular cloning of glutathione peroxidase gene of Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L and its expression changes under temperature and salinity stress

A complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a glutathione peroxidase (ICE‐LGPx) was determined from Antarctic Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L by the molecular biological methods. The transcriptional expression patterns of ICE‐LGPx under different salinity and temperature stresses were determined by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the activities of ICE‐LGPx were assayed under salinity stress as well. The full‐length cDNA sequence of ICE‐LGPx mRNA was 1956 bp including an ORF of 765 bp. Molecular structure analysis revealed that ICE‐LGPx was a selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GPx) containing a form‐2 SECIS (SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence) element. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ICE‐LGPx displayed parallel evolution with those of Volvox carteri, Chlorella variabilis, Micromonas sp. RCC299 and Micromonas pusilla. The expression analysis results indicated that transcription of ICE‐LGPx was induced by the changes of the salinity and temperature. The change tendency of enzyme activities was similar to that of ICE‐LGPx mRNA level. Time‐ and dose‐dependent effects were observed in the salinity treatments and time‐dependent effects were found in the temperature treatments as well. These results suggested that ICE‐LGPx might play an important role in the acclimatization of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L to salt and low temperature stresses. Furthermore, the results of this investigation may help to clarify the acclimatization and stress response mechanisms of Antarctic ice alga.