Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joanna Bilińska, Monika Kwiecień, Magdalena Derwojedowa

In the paper, a 1M word corpus of Polish texts from the period 1830– 1918 is described. The corpus was compiled to provide diversified linguistic data for morphological analysis, however several tests proved that it can be used as a versatile resource to identify various linguistic phenomena and trace their dynamics in regard to inflection, spelling or even syntax. It is divided into five equal subcorpora to provide stylistic variety: scientific texts for general public, news, feuilletons, fiction and drama. In order to conduct morphological analysis an analyzer made for contemporary texts was adapted, which can, therefore, process word forms that differ from contemporary inflection and spelling. In the paper, several experiments made with the use of the corpus are discussed.
The Ratchet Effect in Social Dilemmas

Abstract In this paper, we investigate whether dynamic incentive schemes lead to a ratchet effect in a social dilemma. We test whether subjects strategically restrict their contribution levels at the beginning of a cumulative public goods game in order to avoid high obligations in the future and how this affects efficiency. The incentive schemes prescribe that individual contributions have to be at least as high as, or strictly higher than, contributions in the previous period. We observe a substantial and statistically significant ratchet effect. Participants reduce their public good contribution levels at the beginning of the game, anticipating that higher contributions imply higher minimum contribution levels in the future, which increases the risk of being exploited by free-riders. While the dynamic incentive schemes lead to increasing contribution levels over the course of the game, this increase is not strong enough to compensate the efficiency losses at the beginning.
Lecture notes: Characterization, certification, and validation of quantum systems

Quantum simulations and quantum computing are among the most exciting applications of quantum mechanics. More generally, in the quantum technology research field one aims to develop new devices using quantum superposition and entanglement. In a popular wording, these anticipated developments will lead to the second quantum revolution. A main milestone is the use of quantum capabilities to solve a (computational) problem that cannot practically be solved otherwise. Theoretical proposals include integer factoring (Shor’s algorithm), speed-ups for optimization and machine learning algorithms, the simulation of complex quantum systems, and certain sampling experiments specifically tailored to that milestone. But if one cannot obtain the output of a quantum simulation or computation by conventional means how can one make sure that the outcome is correct? The output of integer factorization can efficiently be checked but, for instance, for the estimation of energies in quantum many-body systems, or outcomes of dynamical simulations, the situation is much less clear. Hence, for the development of trusted quantum technologies special characterization and verification techniques are urgently required. This course gives an introduction to the research field, to the problems of characterization, validation, and verification, and first ways to solve them. More specifically, quantum state tomography, quantum states certification, quantum process tomography, and randomized benchmarking will be covered. In particular, the course provides an overview of the latest developments in this still young and very active research field. The approaches of the course are mainly of conceptual and mathematical nature.
SHIP-Tool Handbook

The SHIP-Tool provides an implementation, execution and simulation platform for workﬂow processes integrating and monitoring existing devices and services to assist the user. (i) The real world is represented in a description logic and kept consistent with the actual world by propagating updates in both directions; (ii) Expected system behavior of external processes or users is described as monitors using a linear temporal logic over world representations; (iii) Processes can be implemented that interact with the environment via updates and that can react on the success or failure of behaviors observed by monitors. This note provides a brief overview over the diﬀerent speciﬁcation and implementation languages of the SHIP-Tool and its user interface.
Reduction in flight activity and food consumption by the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orth., Cyrtacanthacrinae), after infection with Metarhizium flavoviride

Adult Schistocerca gregaria were infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride and their flying ability and rates of food consumption recorded over the subsequent days to death, which usually took about 6 days. Significant reductions in both flight and feeding occurred, usually by the 3rd day after application of the fungus. The diminished levels of pest activities before death reduces the perceived disadvantage of a relatively slow time to kill of the mycoinsecticide.
Determination of population structure of wheat core collection for association mapping

The microsatellites, as one of the most robust markers for identification of wheat varieties, were used for assessment of genetic diversity and population structure to promote effective use of genetic resources. In this study, the set of 284 wheat varieties were genotyped using 30 microsatellite markers. The chosen SSR markers were located among almost all linkage groups and covered all three genomes. The genotypes used originate from 24 different breeding centers worldwide and are included in an extensive core collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The total number of detected alleles was 349 at all analyzed loci. The average number of detected allelic variant per locus was 11.5. The mean value of polymorphic information content was 0.68. According to the probability of data obtained by program Structure, the results have shown presence of 6 subpopulations within the studied set of genotypes. The population structure positively correlated to some extent with geographic origin. The available pedigree data were included for additional explanation of population structure. The results of this study should provide valuable information for future association studies using the diverse wheat breeding material.
An analysis of the mitotic cell cycle in the root meristem of Zea mays

A pulse labelling experiment was used to study the mitotic cell cycle of proliferating cells throughout the root meristem of Zea mays. Seventeen different regions were identified within the area of proliferative activity, extending from the initial cells of the cap columella up to the stele, cortex and epidermis 1000 μm from the cap-quiescent centre junction, and the data were analysed for each region separately. The analyses were made in terms of a mathematical model for cell proliferation and yield statistically efficient estimates of the cell-cycle parameters. The validity of the model is discussed in some detail. It appears that the main difference between the regions studied is in the mean duration of G1, that is, the average delay a newborn cell experiences before it begins to synthesize DNA. The mean durations of S and G2, the DNA-synthetic and post-DNA-synthetic phases of the mitotic cycle, are relatively constant. The one exception to this pattern is the quiescent centre; this region includes a relatively high proportion of slowly dividing and non-proliferating cells.
ProFiDo XML Interchange Format Speciﬁcation

ProFiDo (Processes Fitting Toolkit Dortmund) [1, 5] is a graphical toolkit that provides a consistent use of commandline-oriented tools for the fitting of stochastic processes and distributions like Phase-type distributions, Markovian Arrival Processes, CAPPs, ARIMA and ARTA Processes. For process descriptions ProFiDo uses an XML based interchange format that is specified in this document. Sect. 1 describes the general document structure. In Sect. 2 the XML specification of various distributions is presented followed by the definition for the different stochastic processes mentioned above. We expect the reader to have some basic knowledge about the different stochastic processes treated in this document and hence, they are only introduced very briefly providing some additional references to the literature.
Analysis of news for the prevention of suicides

This project report describes the analysis of large volumes of news articles for the case of suicide prevention. In detail the handling of the data, the processing and the text mining are described. Furthermore, approaches for the implementation of a sentiment analysis for German language are presented. The second part of the report describes the procedure to get started with a large amount of medical data and present approaches of processing it.
Advancing the Agency of Adolescent Girls

Abstract More than 98 million adolescent girls are not in school. Can girls influence their schooling without changes in their family's economic environment? In Rajasthan, India, we examine the impact of a school-based life skills program that seeks to address low aspirations, narrow societal roles for girls and women, restricted networks of social support, and limited decision-making power. We find the intervention causes a 25% decline in school dropout that persists from seventh grade through the transition to high school. Improvements in socioemotional support among girls exposed to the intervention seem especially important in their decision to stay in school.
A revision of the Neotropical genus Chespiritos (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)

The genus Chespiritos Marshall, 2000 (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) is revised, including C. sindecimus Marshall, 2000, C. pervadens Roháček and Buck, 2003 and 19 new species. The following new species are described, keyed and placed in a morphological phylogeny: C. anguineus sp. n. from Bolivia, C. attenboroughi sp. n. from Argentina, C. balrogiformis sp. n. from Peru, C. bolanosi sp. n. from Mexico, C. calceus sp. n. from Peru, C. chicobrazos sp. n. from Costa Rica, C. coronatus sp. n. from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Trinidad, C. dolabratus sp. n. from Costa Rica, C. elephantus sp. n. from Ecuador and Peru, C. extendido sp. n. from Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela, C. ganchopico sp. n. from Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama and Tobago, C. gladiator sp. n. from Costa Rica, C. hojagrande sp. n. from Costa Rica and Mexico, C. jamaicensis sp. n. from Jamaica, C. lepustergum sp. n. from Costa Rica and Venezuela, C. metroidiformis sp. n. from Costa Rica, C. paraiso sp. n. from Dominican Republic, C. peckorum sp. n. from Ecuador, and C. ventrisetis sp. n. from Brazil, Costa Rica and Venezuela. ZooBank Article Registration: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:80DCB50F-37BD-4164-8D51-80B05FEC7428
Biological control of Protomycopsis phaseoli, the causal agent of leaf smut of cowpea

Among the bacteria and fungi associated from the soil where cowpea was grown and tested for antagonism against Protomycopsis phaseoli, Bacillus sp. inhibited the radial growth, Fusarium oxysporum, yeast, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma sp. reduced radial growth of P. phaseoli. In vitro studies showed that T. harzianum was an active hyperparasite and more effective in reducing the radial growth of P. phaseoli than T. koningii and Trichoderma sp. Spore suspensions of the three Trichoderma spp. prevented the germination of chlamydospores of P. phaseoli. In the field, when applied as spray, Trichoderma sp. was found to be more active in reducing the spread of leaf smut disease than T. harzianum and T. koningii. Zusammenfassung Aus Boden, in dem Augenbohnen wuchsen, wurden verschiedene Bakterien und Pilze isoliert und auf antagonistische Wirkung gegen Protomycopsis phaseoli gepruft. Bacillus sp. hemmte das Radiarwachstum des Pathogens; Fusarium oxysporum, Hefe, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii und Trichoderma sp. verringerten es. In-vitro-Versuche ergaben, dai T. harzianum ein aktiver Hyperparasit war und das Radiarwachstum von P. phaseoli starker reduzierte als T. koningii und Trichoderma sp. Sporensuspensionen der drei Trichoderma-Arten verhinderten die Keimung der Chlamydosporen von P. phaseoli. Nachdem die drei Trichoderma-Arten durch Spritzen im Feld ausgebracht worden waren, verlangsamte Trichoderma sp. die Ausbreitung des Blattbrandes starker als T. harzianum und T. koningii.
Reflections on the Sequential Organization of Social Interaction An ICCA 2014 report

The aim of this paper is to report on three panels that were organized on the occasion of the 4 International Conference on Conversation Analysis that took place at the University of California, Los Angeles, in June 2014. The report is structured as follows: Section 2 describes and discusses the papers presented in the three panels and section 3 provides some concluding remarks on the general organization of the ICCA-14 conference and on some of its implications for the study of conversation and social interaction.
Do U.S. county data disprove linear no‐threshold predictions of lung cancer risk for residential radon?‐A preliminary assessment of biological plausibility

Abstract Lung‐cancer mortality (LCM) is elevated in underground miners who chronically inhaled the mutagenic, cytotoxic α‐decay products of radon gas. Epidemiologie studies of LCM rates vs. residential‐radon concentration levels are generally considered inconclusive. However, Cohen (Health Physics 68, 157–174, 1995) has hypothesized that data on LCM vs. residential radon concentrations at the U.S. county level are clearly inconsistent with a linear no‐threshold (LN) dose‐response model, and rather are consistent with threshold or hormesis model. Cohen's hypothesis has been criticized as “ecological fallacy,”; particularly because LN (but not threshold or hormesis) models are generally considered biologically plausible for agents like α radiation that damage DNA in linear proportion to dose. To assess the biological plausibility of Cohen's hypothesis, a preliminary study was made of whether a biologically realistic, cytodynamic 2‐stage (CD2) cancer model can provide a good, joint fit to Cohen's set of U.S.
Use of Epigenetic Therapy Shortens Duration of Standard Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer with Minimal Toxicity to Normal Tissue

Objective: (1) Determine if sequential administration of standard chemotherapy (paclitaxel and cisplatin, P/C) with epigenetic drugs effectively targets ovarian cancer and limits toxicity to normal cells. (2) Define whether epigenetic treatment can shorten the exposure to P/C. Methods: Normal cells—adipocyte-derived stem cells (ASC), primary fibroblasts (PF), and human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6)—were treated with 48 h IC50 values of P/C and epigenetic drugs, 5-azacytidine (AZA) and or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), in combination and sequentially. The least toxic regimens to normal cells were administered to the ovarian cancer cell lines Caov-3, SKOV-3, OVCAR-3. Cell viability after treatments were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell count assays. Secretome analysis of conditioned medium collected from the treated ovarian cancer cells was performed using ELISA. Results: P/C with AZA and SAHA targeted all ovarian cancer cell lines (82-99% cell death), but also caused significant normal cell death (66-100%). In contrast, P/C followed by AZA or SAHA is less toxic to ASC and PF (25-96% viability) when compared to a four-drug combination therapy (1% viability, p<0.0001). P/C followed by SAHA was least toxic to HIEC-6 (100% viability, p=0.0356). P/C followed by epigenetic drugs targets ovarian cancer cells more efficiently than two rounds of P/C (p<0.001). Levels of VEGF and IL-6 were downregulated after treatment with P/C followed by SAHA in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3. Conclusions: Sequential treatments of P/C with epigenetic drugs, specifically SAHA, preserves the viability of normal cells, efficiently targets ovarian cancer, and minimizes exposure to P/C.
SMAN: Stacked Multimodal Attention Network for Cross-Modal Image–Text Retrieval

This article focuses on tackling the task of the cross-modal image–text retrieval which has been an interdisciplinary topic in both computer vision and natural language processing communities. Existing global representation alignment-based methods fail to pinpoint the semantically meaningful portion of images and texts, while the local representation alignment schemes suffer from the huge computational burden for aggregating the similarity of visual fragments and textual words exhaustively. In this article, we propose a stacked multimodal attention network (SMAN) that makes use of the stacked multimodal attention mechanism to exploit the fine-grained interdependencies between image and text, thereby mapping the aggregation of attentive fragments into a common space for measuring cross-modal similarity. Specifically, we sequentially employ intramodal information and multimodal information as guidance to perform multiple-step attention reasoning so that the fine-grained correlation between image and text can be modeled. As a consequence, we are capable of discovering the semantically meaningful visual regions or words in a sentence which contributes to measuring the cross-modal similarity in a more precise manner. Moreover, we present a novel bidirectional ranking loss that enforces the distance among pairwise multimodal instances to be closer. Doing so allows us to make full use of pairwise supervised information to preserve the manifold structure of heterogeneous pairwise data. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that our SMAN consistently yields competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Calculating nitrogen leaching losses and critical nitrogen application rates in dairy pasture systems using a semi‐empirical model

Abstract A simple, semi‐empirical model for estimating nitrogen (N) leaching losses and critical N application rates in dairy pasture systems is described. The model uses the annual rates of major N flux processes in the soil‐plant system to determine the potentially leachable N pool (mineral N and mineralisable N), and estimates the N leaching loss based on measured relationships between the N leaching loss and the potentially leachable N in the soil. The N flux processes considered in the model include fertiliser or effluent N applications, biological N fixation, soil N mineralisation and immobilisation, plant N uptake, animal N return at the urine patches, ammonium volatilisation, and denitrification. The impact of drainage on N leaching is taken into account by normalising the N leaching loss to a per 100 mm drainage basis. A quadratic equation is used to describe the relationship between the N leaching loss and potentially leachable N. Tests of the model predictions against other experimental data showed reasonable agreements between the estimated N leaching losses with those measured. The modelled critical N application rates which would cause the annual average N concentration in the drainage water to reach the drinking water standard (11.3 mg N r‐1) are: 390–392 kg N ha‐1 for cut and carry, and 162–192 kg N ha‐1 for grazed pastures if urea is used; and 588–600 kg N ha‐1 for cut and carry, and 248–301 kg N ha‐1 for grazed pastures if dairy shed effluent is used.
R ECENT I MPROVEMENTS TO N EURAL N ETWORK BASED A COUSTIC M ODELING IN THE EML R EAL - TIME T RANSCRIPTION P LATFORM

: In this paper, we report some recent improvements to DNN/HMM hybrid acoustic modeling for the EML real-time large vocabulary speech recognition sys-tem, including the introduction of speaker adaptive long short term memory units (LSTMs) and efficient online decoding with deep bidirectional LSTMs. Based on a thorough latency analysis of our baseline large vocabulary speech recognizer we first abandon multi-pass recognition with fMLLR adapted acoustic features and further simplify decoding by dropping text independent vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) which was identified as a major bottleneck for real time applications. Sub-sequently, we improve accuracy by a variety of measures that include artificial training data augmentation and the use of additional features derived from an online speaker diarization module currently under development. Moreover, we investigate a hierarchy of feed forward and recurrent neural networks for a further reduction of word error rate. Finally, we demonstrate that established DNN pruning techniques are also applicable to bidirectional LSTMs, resulting in both an appropriate network size and substantial runtime savings. Our experiments are carried out on the publicly available WSJCAM0 corpus. Being simultaneously recorded with both a head-mounted and a desk-mounted microphone it enables us to study the impact of each of the proposed methods also in case of a channel mismatch between training and test data. The methods described in this paper yield an improvement of up to 15 percent relative to the baseline DNN/HMM acoustic model.
Intergenerational Contradictions in Body Image Standards Among Australian Immigrant Mothers and Children: A Mixed-Methods Study

In this mixed-methods study, we explored how gender and cultural factors, including social status were linked with children’s immigrant backgrounds and their body image dissatisfaction and weight management strategies in Australia. Cross-sectional data analysis of 10-11-year-old children from the Birth cohort of the “Longitudinal Study of Australian Children” showed that approximately half of the children were dissatisfied with their body images. A higher proportion of these were children of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries. Additionally, about three-quarters children were actively managing their weights. Children of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries constituted a higher proportion of these also. Among boys, desiring a heavier body was highest for those with immigrant mothers from low-and-middle-income-countries, while the desire to be thinner was highest among girls of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries. Although the percentage of children who adopted strategies to gain weight was very small, boys of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries, in particular, were almost three times as likely as non-immigrant boys, to try to gain weight (18% vs 5.9%, respectively). Qualitative face-to-face interviews with immigrant mothers and their 8-11-year-old children revealed intergenerational variations in body image standards. Maternal body image standards were drawn from their origin countries, but children followed Australian norms. Despite increased obesity awareness amongst mothers, they desired higher body weight for their children, due to an association with high status and health in origin countries. However, children were aware of the stigma, unpopularity, and low status associated with high body weights in Australia. To reduce cultural and status-based obesity inequalities, Australian obesity prevention plans must include culturally responsive health promotion strategies for immigrant parents and their children to improve their knowledge about healthy weights and weight management strategies.