Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative assessment method for source-load interaction

Flexible load will become valuable means to balance fluctuations induced by renewable energy in the future. It's a key issue to assess the capacity of source-load interaction. This paper analyzes the concept of source-load interaction first. Then an evaluation index system for source-load interaction is proposed in order to effectively reflect the impact of interaction on power grid, which involves two categories: the power flow distribution index and the interaction effect evaluation index. Finally, simulation results based on the IEEE standard 39-bus system are discussed in this paper, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed index of interaction performance evaluation.
Improving the Recognition of Heart Murmur

Diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects is challenging, with some being diagnosed during pregnancy while others are diagnosed after birth or later on during childhood. Prompt diagnosis allows early intervention and best prognosis. Contemporary diagnosis relies upon the history, clinical examination, pulse oximetery, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO), computed tomography (CT) and cardiac catheterization. These diagnostic modalities reliable upon recording electrical activity or sound waves or upon radiation. Yet, congenital heart diseases are still liable to misdiagnosis because of level of operator expertise and other multiple factors. In an attempt to minimize effect of operator expertise this paper built a classification model for heart murmur recognition using Hidden Markov Model (HMM). This paper used Mel Frequency Cepestral coefficient (MFCC) as a feature and 13 MFCC coefficients. The machine learning model built by studying 1069 different heart sounds covering normal heart sounds, ventricular septal defect (VSD), mitral regurgitation (MR), aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary regurgitation (PR), and pulmonary stenosis (PS). MFCC feature used to extract feature matrix for each type of heart sounds after separation according to amplitude threshold. The frequency of normal heart sound (range= 1Hz to 139Hz) was specific without overlap with any of the studied defects (ranged= 156-556Hz). The frequency ranges for each of these defects was typical without overlap according to examined heart area (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid and mitral area). The overall correct classification rate (CCR) using this model was 96% and sensitivity 98%. This model has great potential for prompt screening and specific defect detection. Effect of cardiac contractility, cardiomegaly or cardiac electrical activity on this novel detection system needs to be verified in future works.
Inactivation of Tm6sf2, a Gene Defective in Fatty Liver Disease, Impairs Lipidation but Not Secretion of Very Low Density Lipoproteins*

A missense mutation (E167K) in TM6SF2 (transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2), a polytopic protein of unknown function, is associated with the full spectrum of fatty liver disease. To investigate the role of TM6SF2 in hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism, we inactivated the gene in mice. Chronic inactivation of Tm6sf2 in mice is associated with hepatic steatosis, hypocholesterolemia, and transaminitis, thus recapitulating the phenotype observed in humans. No dietary challenge was required to elicit the phenotype. Immunocytochemical and cell fractionation studies revealed that TM6SF2 was present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, whereas the excess neutral lipids in the Tm6sf2−/− mice were located in lipid droplets. Plasma VLDL-TG levels were reduced in the KO animals due to a 3-fold decrease in VLDL-TG secretion rate without any associated reduction in hepatic apoB secretion. Both VLDL particle size and plasma cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in KO mice. Despite levels of TM6SF2 protein being 10-fold higher in the small intestine than in the liver, dietary lipid absorption was only modestly reduced in the KO mice. Our data, taken together, reveal that TM6SF2 is required to mobilize neutral lipids for VLDL assembly but is not required for secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Despite TM6SF2 being located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, the lipids that accumulate in its absence reside in lipid droplets.
Database support for uncertain data

In recent years, the field of uncertainty management in databases has received considerable interest due to the presence of numerous applications that handle probabilistic data. In this dissertation, we identify and solve important issues for managing uncertain data natively at the database level. We propose the semantics of join operation in the presence of attribute uncertainty and present various pruning techniques to significantly improve the join performance. Two index structures for indexing categorical uncertain data are also presented. For optimization of probabilistic queries, we discuss novel selectivity estimation techniques. We also introduce a new model for handling arbitrary pdf (both discrete and continuous) attributes natively at the database level. This model is consistent with Possible Worlds Semantics and is closed under the fundamental relation operations of selection, projection and join. We also present and discuss the implementation of Orion – a relational database with native support for uncertain data. Orion is developed as an extension of the open source relational database, PostgreSQL. The experiments performed in Orion show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Efficient Simulation Model for Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors

A computationally efficient simulation model for the drain current characteristics of long-channel amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) is developed. This model uses numerical solutions of the one-dimensional Poisson equation to significantly reduce the calculation time compared to a widely used two-dimensional approach. Moreover, for accurate simulation, the model takes into account the influence of trap states in the band gap, which makes it possible to reproduce the gradual increase of the drain current in the subthreshold region. The model also includes both drift and diffusion components of the drain current and so can describe the drain current in all regions of device operation, i.e., the subthreshold, linear, and saturation regions, by using a unified current equation without introducing the threshold voltage as an input parameter. Calculations using the model provide results that are in good agreement with the measured drain current characteristics of a-IGZO TFTs over a wide range of gate and drain voltages. The presented model is expected to enable faster and accurate characteristic analysis and structure design for a-IGZO TFTs.
Coevolving Partial Strategies for the Game of Go

A welding robot is provided with a first joint member in addition to a welding gun. A work holder provided with a second joint member adapted to be connected with the first joint member and a clamp mechanism for gripping a workpiece is positioned in a predetermined waiting position. The welding robot accomplishes welding on a workpiece transferred to a first station and when the welding is completed, the welding robot approaches the work holder in the waiting position to connect the first and second joint members with each other. Then the robot returns to the first station carrying the work holder and permits the clamp mechanism of the work holder to grip the workpiece at the first station. Thereafter, the robot moves to a second station to transfer the workpiece from the first station to the second station. Then, the clamp mechanism releases the workpiece and the robot moves away from the second station to the waiting position with the workpiece left at the second station. In the waiting position the first and second joint members are disconnected from each other and the robot returns to the first station with the work holder left in the waiting position.
α‐1 adrenergic input to solitary nucleus neurones: calcium oscillations, excitation and gastric reflex control

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) processes substantial visceral afferent input and sends divergent projections to a wide array of CNS targets. The NST is essential to the maintenance of behavioural and autonomic homeostasis and is the source, as well as the recipient, of considerable noradrenergic (NE) projections. The significance of NE projections from the NST to other CNS regions has long been appreciated, but the nature of NE action on NST neurones themselves, especially on the α‐1 receptor subtype, is controversial. We used a combination of methodologies to establish, systematically, the effects and cellular basis of action of the α‐1 agonist, phenylephrine (PHE), to control NST neurones responsible for vago‐vagal reflex regulation of the stomach. Immunocytochemical and retrograde tracing studies verified that the area postrema, A2, A5, ventrolateral medulla and locus coeruleus regions are sources of catecholaminergic input to the NST. In vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that PHE activates physiologically identified, second‐order gastric sensory NST neurones. In vivo microinjection of PHE onto NST neurones caused a significant reduction in gastric tone. Finally, in vitro calcium imaging studies revealed that PHE caused dramatic cytosolic calcium oscillations in NST neurones. These oscillations are probably the result of an interplay between agonist‐induced and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3)‐mediated intracellular calcium release and Ca2+‐ATPase control of intracellular calcium storage pumps. The oscillations persisted even in perfusions of zero calcium–EGTA Krebs solution suggesting that the calcium oscillation is mediated principally by intracellular calcium release–reuptake mechanisms. Cyclical activation of the NST may function to increase the responsiveness of these neurones to incoming afferent input (i.e., elevate the ‘gain’). An increase in gain of afferent input may cause an amplification of the response part of the reflex and help explain the powerful effects that α‐1 agonists have in suppressing gastric motility and producing anorexia.
Adjustment for Missing Data in Complex Surveys Using Doubly Robust Estimation: Application to Commercial Sexual Contact Among Indian Men

Background: The Demographic and Health Survey program routinely collects nationally representative information on HIV-related risk behaviors in many countries, using face-to-face interviews and a complex sampling scheme. If respondents skip questions about behaviors perceived as socially undesirable, such interviews may introduce bias. We sought to implement a doubly robust estimator to correct for dependent missing data in this context. Methods: We applied 3 methods of adjustment for nonresponse on self-reported commercial sexual contact data from the 2005–2006 India Demographic Health Survey to estimate the prevalence of sexual contact between sexually active men and female sex workers. These methods were inverse-probability weighted regression, outcome regression, and doubly robust estimation—a recently-described approach that is more robust to model misspecification. Results: Compared with an unadjusted prevalence of 0.9% for commercial sexual contact prevalence (95% confidence interval = 0.8%–1.0%), adjustment for nonresponse using doubly robust estimation yielded a prevalence of 1.1% (1.0%–1.2%). We found similar estimates with adjustment by outcome regression and inverse-probability weighting. Marital status was strongly associated with item nonresponse, and correction for nonresponse led to a nearly 80% increase in the prevalence of commercial sexual contact among unmarried men (from 6.9% to 12.1%–12.4%). Conclusions: Failure to correct for nonresponse produced a bias in self-reported commercial sexual contact. To facilitate the application of these methods (including the doubly robust estimator) to complex survey data settings, we provide analytical variance estimators and the corresponding SAS and MATLAB code. These variance estimators remain valid regardless of whether the modeling assumptions are correct.
PDMS encasing system for integrated lab-on-chip Ag/AgCl reference electrodes

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is an organosilicon polymer widely used in the fabrication of microfluidic systems to integrate biochips. In this study, we propose the use of an adapted PDMS mould for the creation of a miniaturized, reusable, reference electrode for in-chip electrochemical measurements. Through its integrated microfluidic system it is possible to replenish internal buffer solutions, unclog critical junctions and treat the electrode's surface, assuring a long term reuse of the same device. Planar Ag/AgCl reference electrodes were microfabricated over a passivated p-type Silicon Wafer. The PDMS mould, containing an integrated microfluidic system, was fabricated based on patterned SU-8 mould, which includes a lateral horizontal inlet access point. Surface oxidation was used for irreversible permanent bondage between flat surfaces. The final result was planar Ag/AgCl reference electrode with integrated microfluidic that allows for electrochemical analysis in biochips.
CHARACTERIZATON OF SALMONELLA SPS FROM CHICKEN SAMPLES

Salmonella infections are one of the most prevailing diseases in poultry causing food borne infections in humans. A study was carried out from few samples of retail chicken meat with an aim to characterize the Salmonella species both phenotypically and genotypically. The isolation of Salmonella sps from liver and intestines of poultry chicken is higher when compared to spleen, gizzard and other tissue samples. Phenotypic characterization was carried out by morphological appearance, motility and biochemical characterization tests like Methyl red, Citrate, TSI with or without hydrogen sulphide production were positive and negative for Indole, Voges proskaeur, Urease suggesting firmly for confirmation of Salmonella infections. Genotypical confirmation was carried out by PCR amplification, the suspected isolates produces a product size of 550bp proving the presence of paratyphoid Salmonellae.
Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. I. Large-scale changes in the accumulation of growth- and defense-related plant mRNAs.

Plants respond to herbivore attack with a dramatic functional reorganization that involves the activation of direct and indirect defenses and tolerance, which in turn make large demands on primary metabolism. Here we provide the first characterization of the transcriptional reorganization that occurs after insect attack in a model plant-herbivore system: Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex Wats. -Manduca sexta. We used mRNA differential display to characterize one-twentieth of the insect-responsive transcriptome of N. attenuata and verified differential expression for 27 cDNAs. Northern analyses were used to study the effects of folivory and exposure to airborne methyl jasmonate and for kinetic analyses throughout a 16-h- light/8-h-dark cycle. Sequence similarity searches allowed putative functions to be assigned to 15 transcripts. Genes were related to photosynthesis, electron transport, cytoskeleton, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, signaling, and a group responding to stress, wounding, or invasion of pathogens. Overall, transcripts involved in photosynthesis were strongly down-regulated, whereas those responding to stress, wounding, and pathogens and involved in shifting carbon and nitrogen to defense were strongly up-regulated. The majority of transcripts responded similarly to airborne methyl jasmonate and folivory, and had tissue- and diurnal-specific patterns of expression. Transcripts encoding Thr deaminase (TD) and a putative retrotransposon were absent in control plants, but were strongly induced after herbivory. Full-length sequences were obtained for TD and the pathogen-inducible alpha-dioxygenase, PIOX. Effects of abiotic and biotic stimuli were investigated for transcripts encoding TD, importin alpha, PIOX, and a GAL83-like kinase cofactor.
Study on high accuracy optical encoder with 30 bits

This paper describes a fabrication method for a high accuracy disk which has a higher accuracy than a drawing system of an original disk pattern, and development of an optical rotary encoder with a resolution of 30 bits. High accuracy disk technology is the most significant technology regarding fine angular sensors, and it has an accuracy of less than 0.5 /spl mu/m and 1 sec as it reaches its limitation. However, concerning the disk for an angular sensor it is necessary to obtain a higher accuracy. And then, this study has enabled the creation of a higher accuracy disk and encoder by rejecting disk error which measured at repeatable errors. By using the studied technology, it was possible to make the high a resolution and high accuracy optical encoder with the resolution of 30 bits.
A Semantic Web Engine for Biorefining Model Integration

The number of models available to the biorefining community is continuously increasing, there is a need to provide better ways for their description, categorization, discovery and integration in order to improve reusability of them. Biorefining models on the other hand are developed using heterogeneous methods, data format and various environments that makes their reuse challenging. In this paper, we describe a semantic web engine for the domain of biorefining, which enhances the description of biorefining model by using semantic web technologies in order to facilitate discovery and integration. In particular, we present how domain and web service ontologies are used in semantic mapping for the purpose of model integration, which is achieved by OWL-S (Semantic Markup for Web Services). Whilst the application has been designed and implemented for a specific domain, this novel design can be applicable to similar problems in other domains.
Active Tile Self-assembly, Self-similar Structures and Recursion

We present an active tile assembly model which extends Winfree's abstract tile assembly model to tiles that are capable of transmitting and receiving binding site activation signals. In addition, we introduce a mathematical framework to address self-similarity and recursion within the model. The model is applied to show a recursive assembly of an archetypal self-similar aperiodic tiling known as the L-shape tiling.
Boundary Control of Boost Converters Using State-Energy Plane

A major consideration in designing controllers for boost converters is the existence of a right-half-plane zero in the control-to-output transfer function. This property makes the controller impossible to be designed in classical frequency-domain approach to achieve fast dynamic response over wide bandwidth of supply and load variations. In this paper, a time-domain boundary control concept for large-signal control of boost converters is proposed. By transforming the conventionally used state plane into the newly proposed state-energy plane to dictate the switching instants, a well-defined switching surface is derived. The converter can ideally revert to the steady state in two switching actions when it is subject to external disturbances. Of particular importance, experiments show that the same controller is applicable for controlling converters operating in continuous conduction mode, critical conduction mode, or discontinuous conduction mode. Sensitivities of the switching surface to parametric variations will be studied. Theoretical predictions will be verified with the experimental results of a 55 W, 48 V/110 V prototype.
Cane Walk in the Virtual Reality Space Using Virtual Haptic Sensing: Toward Developing Haptic VR Technologies for the Visually Impaired

Creating a virtual reality (VR) by combining visual information and pseudo touch sensing is studied actively. However, being strictly detached from visual information, it is not easy for visually impaired individuals to sense a visual VR world. The purpose of our study is the development of, so we call, haptic VR technologies for aiding visually impaired individuals sense his (her) surroundings and recognize geometric constructions in the space. Our haptic VR system for the cane walk is installed as follows: in the VR world we put (draw) a cane and a hand with its 5 fingers holding the cane. In real word, we wear a data glove on one hand and this hand is superposed on the virtual hand (this is achieved by each finger being force provided through the data-glove). Thus our VR sensing is created by the pseudo haptic sensing at the fingers for which the feedback forces are provided by the data-glove worn on the hand. In our haptic VR space of cane walk, we have prepared "studded paving blocks" to aid the visually impaired for the pavement, a "cane (white cane)" and a "hand" to grasp and manipulate the cane on the virtual pavement. An actual hand wearing the data-glove on it is superposed on the virtual hand by the system. Thus the touch and investigation on the virtual paving blocks by the cane in the haptic VR space is conveyed to the actual hand via the data-glove. We also show some experimental vibration value and haptic value data obtained at the index finger of the cane grasping hand during the real walking on studded paving blocks and some skin surface voltage of electromyogram (EMG) data.
Reconfigurable arrays by phase-only control

A novel approach to the synthesis of arrays reconfigurable by controlling only the phase of the excitations is presented. This approach makes it possible to choose the best amplitude distribution during the synthesis, instead of choosing it a priori. The method is based on the projection approach to array synthesis. The feasibility of the proposed approach is shown with reference to a meaningful one-dimensional example, but the method can be used, without substantial modifications, for two-dimensional arrays as well. Attention is given to the synthesis of a reconfigurable array of 17 elements, able to radiate a cosecant beam and a flat-topped beam, with a phase-only control. The sidelobe requirement is -20 dB and the ripple in the shaped zone is 0.5 dB. the resulting patterns are shown. <<ETX>>
Preexisting Systemic Acquired Resistance Suppresses Hypersensitive Response-Associated Cell Death in Arabidopsishrl1 Mutant1

The hypersensitive response (HR) displayed by resistant plants against invading pathogens is a prominent feature of plant-pathogen interactions. The Arabidopsis hypersensitive response like lesions1 (hrl1) mutant is characterized by heightened defense responses that make it more resistant to virulent pathogens. However, hrl1 suppresses avirulent pathogen-induced HR cell death. Furthermore, the highPR-1 expression observed in hrl1 remains unaltered after avirulent and virulent pathogen infections. The suppressed HR phenotype in hrl1 is observed even when an elicitor is expressed endogenously from an inducible promoter, suggesting that an impaired transfer of avirulent factors is not the reason. Interestingly, the lack of HR phenotype in hrl1is reversed if the constitutive defense responses are compromised either by a mutation in NON EXPRESSOR OF PR-1(NPR1) or by depleting salicylic acid due to the expression of the nahG gene. The rescue of HR cell death in hrl1 npr1 and in hrl1 nahG depends on the extent to which the constitutive systemic acquired response (SAR) is compromised. Pretreating Arabidopsis wild-type plants with SAR-inducers, before pathogen infection resulted in a significant decrease in HR cell death. Together, these results demonstrate that the preexisting SAR may serve as one form of negative feedback loop to regulate HR-associated cell death in hrl1 mutant and in the wild-type plants.