Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LADRC-Based Magnetic Field Measurement Method for a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Rotation Sensor

Magnetic field measurement is fundamental to nuclear magnetic resonance rotation sensors (NMRRS). A phase-locked loop (PLL)-based measurement with two nuclear isotopes is commonly applied to observe the magnetic field. However, the phase-loop and frequency-loop of the nuclear isotopes cannot be optimized simultaneously by a PLL-based method. In this paper, an approach based on a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) is proposed for synchronous phase-loop control of the two nuclear isotopes. Meanwhile, the frequencies of the nuclear isotopes are observed by linear extended state observers (LESOs). The phase and frequency loops can be decoupled and optimized with the proposed method. An experimental NMRRS prototype used for verification is built. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed method are validated with the experimental results.
Biomechanical response and injury effects on occupant's thorax-abdomen under seat belt loading

In this study, a Finite Element (FE) model of adult occupant was developed to investigate the thoracic and abdominal injuries caused by seat belt wearing. A model geometry was created from the CT data of a volunteer representing the 50th percentile Chinese male. The anatomical structures and physical characteristics were modelled the same as those in the real human body. Especially the thorax and abdomen model included details of the ribcage, thoracic and lumbar spine, pelvis, internal organs, skin, muscles, ligaments, main arteries and veins, and other soft tissues. Through simulations against Post–Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) tests of seat belt loading, good agreements were achieved between them in terms of the force and deflection responses and injury distributions. Moreover, the effective analyses of seat belt design parameters indicated that the belt fabric tape stiffness, pre–tension force and upper slipping position played an important role on the thoracic and abdominal injuries.
The Method of Real-Time Viewshed Analysis on 3D Virtual Earth

Traditional viewshed analysis method is usually based on datum plane and local space area, which can not meet the accuracy requirement of the viewshed analysis on 3D Virtual Earth based on datum sphere and large space area. Regarding this, the article discussed a new method of viewshed analysis based on 3D datum sphere, and also realized the real-time visualization of the analysis result based on the 3D Virtual Earth system GeoGlobe. Finally it inspected and verified the validity of the method.
Establishing Task-Relevant MVC Protocols for Modelling Sustained Isometric Force Variability: A Manual Control Study

The present study examined how prevalent methods for determining maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) impact the experimentally derived functions of graded force-force variability. Thirty-two young healthy subjects performed continuous isometric force tracking (20 s trials) at 10 target percentages (5–95% MVC) normalized to a conventional discrete-point (n = 16), or sustained (n = 16) MVC calculation. Distinct rates and magnitudes of change were observed for absolute variability (standard deviation (SD), root mean squared error (RMSE)), tracking error (RMSE, constant error (CE)), and complexity (detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)) (all p < 0.05) of graded force fluctuations between the MVC groups. Differential performance strategies were observed beyond ~65% MVC, with the discrete-point group minimizing their SD at force values below that of the criterion target (higher CE/RMSE). Moreover, the sustained group’s capacity to minimize SD/RMSE/CE corresponded to a more complex structure in their force fluctuations. These findings reveal that the time component of MVC estimation has a direct influence on the corrective strategies supporting near-maximal manual force control. While discrete MVC protocols predominate in the study of manual strength/endurance/precision, a 1:1 MVC-task mapping appears more to be ecologically valid if visuo-motor precision outcomes are of central importance.
Borehole Stability of Multilateral Junctions

The number of multi-lateral wells are increasing in the North Sea area. Potential for improved accessibility and recovery has led to a significant interest both from oil compames and the service industry. With improved technology, these multi-lateral branches will be key elements in the development of the so called smart wells. Several multi-lateral wells recently drilled in the North Sea have experienced problems. One well had severe problems as the casing inside the branch deformed into the main wellbore. making both branches unavailable for reentry. Clearly, the formation at the junction had collapsed, forcing the casing to deform. A rock mechanics study was undertaken. The hole geometry above the junction was a circular hole, which became oval at the junction, and then split into two adjacent boreholes below the junction, Since the solution to this problem was not found in the literature, a new mathematical model had to be developed to model these geometries. This model was coupled to a stress model and a failure model for the rock The paper will present the complete models. It was found that both the critical fracturing pressure and the collapse pressure changed as the hole geometry changed from a circular hole. The paper present a field case using the new models. The study showed that the stress concentration increased as the hole became oval at the junction. It was found that the oval geometry created more severe conditions both for mechanical hole collapse and fracturing. It was also found that at certain borehole pressures, this geometric effect diminished. One main conclusion of the study is that the allowable mud weight window is smaller at the junction itself compared to the weight window is smaller at the junction itself compared to the holes above and below, The fracturing pressure is lower, and, the critical collapse pressure is higher in the junction than butside the junction. Therefore, the optimal mud weight is the most important condition for trouble-free drilling of a junction. The optimal stress conditions for the geometries will be defined in the paper, and based on these, the paper will present optimal mud weight selection criteria to drill multilateral junctions.
Lifetime prediction and design of reliability tests for high-power devices in automotive applications

Different procedures are defined and compared to extract the statistical distribution of the thermal cycles experienced by power devices installed in hybrid vehicles operated according to arbitrary mission profiles. This enables both to design efficient accelerated tests tailored on realistic data and to provide the input for lifetime prediction models. Initially, the system lifetime is predicted under the assumption of linear accumulation of the damage produced by low cycling fatigue. In the second part, a novel prediction model based on some fundamental equations is introduced which takes into consideration the creep experienced by compliant materials when they are submitted to thermal cycles.
PUEO NUI: feasible and fast upgrade of the CFHT adaptive optics system for high dynamic range imaging

Rethinking the efficient use of 4m-class telescopes in the dawning era of larger facilities is a timely but challenging debate. The extensive use of PUEO for imaging (and now spectroscopy) has kept CFHT at the forefront of scientific research with adaptive optics since its commissioning in 1996. Even though larger facilities are now starting to think about ways of implementing high order AO systems, we believe the medium size of the CFHT and the excellent quality of our site on Mauna Kea is a perfect combination to reach the highest performances with a high order AO system. The fields of application of high order adaptive optics are exciting: They include extremely high contrast imaging and coronography in the near-infrared and diffraction-limited imaging in the optical, with the corresponding gain in angular resolution. Specific science examples are described in and adjacent paper (Menard et al, these proceedings (4839-133)), and planned instrumentation in the form of four quadrant coronograph or existing dual (or triple) wavelength imagers (such as TRIDENT) would benefit tremendously from >90% Strehl ratios in the K band. Simulations of a high order (104 electrodes) curvature system have been performed and produce the required performance and are presented in an adjacent paper (Lai & Craven-Bartle, (4860-28)). Technologically, the system is quite simple and re-uses most of the opto-mechanics of the existing PUEO. Deformable mirrors and real time computers are well within existing (and commercially available) specifications. An innovative solution of using a dedicated low read noise CCD camera (specifically for curvature systems) overcomes the potential cost drawbacks of using avalanche photo-diodes (APDs). This detector is described in detail in an adjacent paper (Cuillandre et al, these proceedings (4839-31)).
The development of daylighting—a British view

This paper is a review of the progress of daylighting technology in the UK. It recalls the first recorded quantitative studies in 1865 and traces developments from the work of P. J. Waldram in 1923 to the continuing research of the present day in the context of energy conservation. Methods of calculating and measuring daylight are reviewed as well as those for calculating and predicting the amount of sunlight received. Work on the subjective aspects of view, adequacy and glare is reviewed, together with their incorporation into standards of provision. An overall window design procedure using current knowledge about subjective and objective environmental requirements is suggested.
Prognostics and Health Management: A Review on Data Driven Approaches

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is a framework that offers comprehensive yet individualized solutions for managing system health. In recent years, PHM has emerged as an essential approach for achieving competitive advantages in the global market by improving reliability, maintainability, safety, and affordability. Concepts and components in PHM have been developed separately in many areas such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and statistical science, under varied names. In this paper, we provide a concise review of mainstream methods in major aspects of the PHM framework, including the updated research from both statistical science and engineering, with a focus on data-driven approaches. Real world examples have been provided to illustrate the implementation of PHM in practice.
Crossing the Reality Gap: a Survey on Sim-to-Real Transferability of Robot Controllers in Reinforcement Learning

The growing demand for robots able to act autonomously in complex scenarios has widely accelerated the introduction of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in robots control applications. However, the trial and error intrinsic nature of RL may result in long training time on real robots and, moreover, it may lead to dangerous outcomes. While simulators are useful tools to accelerate RL training and to ensure safety, they often are provided only with an approximated model of robot dynamics and of its interaction with the surrounding environment, thus resulting in what is called the reality gap (RG): a mismatch of simulated and real control-law performances caused by the inaccurate representation of the real environment in simulation. The most undesirable result occurs when the controller learnt in simulation fails the task on the real robot, thus resulting in an unsuccessful sim-to-real transfer. The goal of the present survey is threefold: (1) to identify the main approaches to face the RG problem in the context of robot control with RL, (2) to point out their shortcomings, and (3) to outline new potential research areas.
Project DANA: multiagent simulation and fuzzy rules for international crisis detection--can we forestall wars?

Assessing the conflicting potential of an international situation is very important in the exercise of Defence duty. Mastering a formal method allowing the detection of risky situations is a necessity. Our aim was to develop a highly operational method twinned with a computer simulation tool which can explore a huge number of potential war zones, and can test many hypotheses with high accuracy within reasonable time. We use a multi-agents system to describe an international situation. The agent coding allows us to give computer existence to very abstract concepts such as: a government, the economy, the armed forces, the foreign policy. We give to these agents fuzzy rules of behavior, those rules represent human expertise. In order to yardstick our model we used the Falklands war to make our first simulations. The main distortion between the historical reality and our simulations comes from our fuzzy controller which causes a great loss of information. We are going to change it to a more efficient one in order to fit the historical reality. Agent coding with fuzzy rules allows human experts to keep close to their statements and expertise, and they can handle this kind of tool quite easily.
Learning Curve of a Short-Time Neurofeedback Training: Reflection of Brain Network Dynamics Based on Phase-Locking Value

Neurofeedback (NF) training is a type of online biofeedback in which neural activity is measured and provided to the participant in real time to facilitate the top-down control of specific activation patterns. To improve the training efficiency, an investigation on the learning of EEG regulation and effect on neural activity during NF is critical. This article attempts to analyze the learning curve and the dynamics of the phase-locking value (PLV)-based brain network for a short-time EEG-based NF, in which 28 participants carried out alpha downregulating NF training in two consecutive days. The results reveal that participants could successfully construct the related learning network to achieve the training goals in the first day training and the beginning of the second day training. Moreover, the learning plateaus were discovered from the results of the relative amplitude and the functional brain network in the middle of the second day training. These findings could be helpful for better understanding of the learning process in NF from the functional connectivity viewpoint and would contribute to building a more efficient learning protocol for NF training.
Basement membrane antigens in preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Research on Reactive Power Compensation Algorithm Based on Game Theory in Wind Farm

In current, constant speed of asynchronous generator system has been used wind farm in China areas. But because of that abilities of reactive power control helpless, reactive power have been provided by grid. In view of the above situation, the feasible measures are adopted in the wind dynamic reactive power compensation devices. The asynchronous machine transient process used reactive power to keeping voltage of machine has been provided. This article introduced the Game Theory in economics to the area of reactive power compensation. This new method of the share of reactive power in wind farm, will improve wind farm reactive power compensation too vague to efficient in the moment. In the meantime, the share of reactive power algorithm analysis process have bee bullied in this paper. For the research in the future, it proposed supplementary opinions.
The application of superelastic SMAs in less invasive haemostatic forceps

A new application of stress-induced transformation of superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) for atraumatic haemostatic forceps has been proposed. In conventional haemostats the pressure on the clamping jaws directly reflects the passive response of biological tissues, exhibiting an exponential increase during grasping, thus making control within a safe range difficult. The proposed new concept of haemostatic forceps is to embed superelastic shape memory alloys in conventional forceps and to limit the clamping pressure of the forceps within a safe range via the unique stress–strain characteristics of superelastic SMA during its stress-induced transformation. In the present paper, the potential of such an idea for practical use is demonstrated with a newly developed prototype. It is shown that the critical pressure was successfully controlled in the range of 200–800 mm Hg, where superelastic SMA wires of 0.2 and 0.3 mm in diameter were employed.
Odd-perfect, almost binary correlation sequences

A set of perfect correlation sequences is discussed. The sequences are binary with exception of a single zero element and possess a perfect odd-autocorrelation function. The construction uses an isomorphy to special conference matrices and gives sequences with all lengths M=p/sup a/+1, p odd prime, a=1,2,. Applications in CW radar and in measuring mobile radio channels are described using the ambiguity function of multiple odd-perfect sequences. >
Establishment of Performance Evaluation Indicators System and its Weighting Coefficient Determination Method

It’s important to improve the success rate and profit margins that establish a reasonable performance evaluation and weighting coefficient, and the implementation of performance evaluation. In connection with characteristic of software project performance evaluation system features, use balanced score card and analytic hierarchy process studying. First, establishment of performance evaluation indicators system, include indicators system principles of the elaboration, give the basic framework of the balanced score card, on financial indicators, customer indicators, internal business indicators, analysis of learning and growth indicators, base on the quality of software projects, through the table list the evaluation index system; second, study identifies indicators of performance evaluation method of weight, include the structure matrix, single-level sorting and consistency check, the level and consistency check of the total order of three basic steps, each step of calculation is given by mathematical formula. The results show that the methods used in scientific application, for software project management and performance assessment indicators researchers, is an important reference.
Design Optimization & Analysis of a Soft Crawling Robot

Soft crawling robots (SCRs) are the kind of robots that use soft and flexible material for motion. These soft robots capable to sustain huge distortions with vast degree-of-freedom which makes them more suitable to be employed in unstructured location compared to the conventional rigid robots. Unlike soft robotics, the conventional rigid robots are capable to be employed in situations where precision is required. However, soft robots are preferable in tight spaces such as in medical surgery and earthquake search and rescue operations due to its flexibility and adaptability capability. In this research, two types of soft robots were design using i.e.: (a) inchworm design and (b) quadrupedal design. The similarities between the inchworm and quadrupedal design are both use pressure input for motion. The SCRs also bend by using the expansion of chambers at their body. Both designs have the same length fixed at 86mm, but with different topology. The design optimization for maximum bending motion with respect to input pressure were evaluated using Finite Element Method (FEM) via Abaqus software, where the results shows that the highest bending was observed for the inchworm design. The maximum bending value (extension) of 130.4 mm was obtained with the optimized parameters set at 4mm base thickness, 5mm chamber gap, and 2mm width for the air chamber, respectively.
Toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls

"The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicology and adverse health effects information for the toxic substance described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicological properties. CAS# 335-67-1, 1763-23-1, 355-46-4, 375-95-1 "
Potentiometric Biosensing Applications of Graphene Electrode with Stabilized Polymer Lipid Membranes

This review provides informations and details for the fabrication of biosensors that are composed from lipid membranes and have been utilized and applied to rapidly detect food toxic compounds, environmental pollutants and analytes of clinical interest. Biosensors based on polymeric lipid membranes have been used to rapidly detect a wide range of these analytes and offer several advantages such as fast response, high sensitivity and selectivity, can be portable for in the field applications, and small size. A description of the construction of these devices and their applications for the rapid detection of food toxic substance, environmental pollutants and analytes of clinical interest is provided in this review.
Detecting the fracture process zone in concrete using scanning electron microscopy and numerical modelling using the nonlocal isotropic damage model

This paper deals with two aspects of the characterization of the fracture process zone (FPZ) in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete. An overview is given of the possibility of using a destructive technique, such as the scanning electron microscope, and a numerical model, such as the nonlocal isotropic damage model (NLIDM), to detect FPZ characteristics, e.g., length and width of the FPZ. The fracture of concrete requires the consideration of progressive damage, which is usually modelled by a constitutive law and can be studied by a numerical method. The object-oriented finite element method (OOFEM) has recently been used in damage studies, and thus the FPZ is calculated on the basis of one of the damage models (the NLIDM). The results obtained from the experimental investigation are similar to those obtained using the NLIDM, which has proven to be a useful tool for analysis of the cracking process.