Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low Phase Noise 28 GHz VCO Using Transformer-based Q-enhanced Active Impedance Converter

This paper presents a low phase noise 28 GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using a transformer-based active impedance converter to enhance the quality factor (Q) of the capacitor in the resonator. The active impedance converter can enhance the Q of a capacitor bank and varactor by 25-40% across the VCO's tuning range. The proposed VCO is fabricated using the proposed transformer-based Q-enhancement impedance converter in a standard 65 nm CMOS process. The VCO achieves a 15.9% measured fractional frequency tuning range and phase noise of −107.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 28 GHz oscillation frequency while occupying only 0.05 mm2 area (200 μm ß 250 μm). The VCO consumes 5.1 mW power, resulting in an excellent figure-of-merit (FoM) of 189.4 dBc/Hz and a figure-of-merit-with-area (FoMA) of 202.8 dBc/Hz.
The Role that Cultural Plays in Fostering Educational Sovereignty for American Indian Youths: A Transformative Mixed Methods Study

In this Indigenous grounded, transformative sequential explanatory study, the author examines the influence an American Indian way of knowing educational paradigm had on cultural connectedness in a sample (n = 41) of American Indian youths attending a public school on a federally recognized Indian reservation. The author uses ethnographic writing to share his cultural journey with American Indian cultural immersion teachers. Participants completed a survey packet including a demographic form and, an adapted cultural connectedness survey. Results indicated that positive aspects of an American Indian way of knowing educational paradigm were associated with increased cultural connectedness (Spirituality, Identity, and Traditions) for American Indian youths. The author also sought to capture youth participants' perspectives to develop a deeper understanding of how they conceptualize cultural connectedness resulting in the identification of eleven culturally specific categories. These findings may help inform a broader development and application of an American Indian way of knowing instructional model that contributes to strengthening cultural identity in American Indian youths through culturally sustaining and revitalizing pedagogies.
Current status of MezzoCielo: a design aiming to a large aperture, extremely wide field of view telescope

Mezzocielo (or "half of the sky") is a concept for a single large monocentric optical system composed by a tessellated spherical container filled with low refractive index liquid characterized by an extremely high transparency. This system allows for a continuous monitoring of the whole sky with a large number of mass produced correcting cameras. In comparison with existing projects is characterized by a high efficiency and by a relatively large aperture. The current status of development with the aim of producing a prototype of one meter class size is being reported.
Ultra-Wideband Microstrip to Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Vertical Transition

an ultra-wideband vertical microstrip to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transitions is proposed for Three-dimensional (3-D) densification. The corner formed by the two different transmissions lines and electrical walls can easily transform the E-field of the dominant mode in the microstrip line to the SIW mode. An equivalent model based on the lumped element is proposed to estimate the initial parameters and to study the performances of the structure. Based on this model, two configurations are built. In the first configuration, the SIW line is on the same side of the microstrip line (MSL) and in the second one, it is integrated into the side of the ground plane. For experimental validation, two back-to-back prototypes MSL-SIW-MSL transitions are fabricated, with a SIW line acting as a bridge. The measured results agree well with those in the simulations, showing a return loss better than 10 dB over the entire 22 - 50 GHz frequency range with a maximum insertion loss of 1.8 dB.
Practical Considerations and Performance Evaluation of An Offset Elimination Scheme for Half-Bridge TMR Angle Sensor

The Tunneling Magneto-Resistance (TMR) angle sensors are being widely used in several industries for different applications that require shaft angle measurement. These sensors are commercially available in two configurations, namely, half-bridge and full-bridge. The half-bridge based TMR angle sensors have a constant offset voltage in their sine-cosine natured outputs. Conventionally, this offset is eliminated using a pair of costly instrumentation amplifiers. In this paper, a simple technique is discussed to obtain offset-free sine-cosine natured outputs from the half-bridge type TMR angle sensor. This technique does not require costly instrumentation amplifiers and is well suited for temperature fluctuating environment. The modification in the scheme, required to obtain offset-free sine cosine outputs from a practical TMR angle sensor, is also mathematically described in detail. It is because of the ratiometric principle, the modified scheme can also withstand temperature fluctuations and render offset free outputs. Error analysis is also presented in this paper to highlight few important practical aspects of TMR angle sensors. SPICE-based simulation studies are carried out first to verify the performance of the technique. Later, a prototype shaft angle sensing unit, employing half-bridge TMR IC AAT003-10E, was built and characterized. The modified offset-elimination technique is then tested with the unit. The output voltages of the sensing unit are found to follow desired sine-cosine relationship with the shaft angle with minimal offset.
The Role of Self-compassion to Depression in Teenagers Mediated by Emotion Regulation

Adolescence is a stage of development in life that is full of emotional turmoil, conflict, and stress, of which often lead to teenagers’ vulnerability to depression symptoms. A potential serious case if the depression symptoms are not treated well includes risk of suicidal ideation and suicide behaviour. This research aims to investigate and test the role of self-compassion to depression symptoms in teenagers mediated by emotion regulation-cognitive reappraisal. Participants in this research were 627 teenagers (N=627) with an age range of 15-18 years old, including 508 girls (81%) and 119 boys (19%). Mediation analysis using Process by Andrew F. Hayes, model 4, shows that emotion regulation —cognitive reappraisal (p=0.001; p<0.05) mediates the role of self-compassion to depression symptoms in teenagers. Emotion regulation—cognitive reappraisal serves as a partial mediator to the role of self-compassion to depression symptoms. Teenagers with self-compassion treat themselves positively by realizing and accepting negative emotions that leads to reduction of these negative emotions. It improves the capability of cognitive reappraisal, that brings new interpretation towards a more positive view for reducing depression symptoms.
Evaluation of Ship Pollutant Emissions in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach

The role of the shipping industry in international logistics has been highlighted with the development of the global economy and the increase in international trade. Simultaneously, some of the environmental problems caused by shipping activities have gradually surfaced. The development of modern communication technology and marine communication equipment increased the feasibility of real-time ship dynamic data, as an information source for monitoring ship sailing states, and provided a data basis for the control of ship pollutant emissions. Based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and ship-related data obtained from the waters of the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in 2020, the dynamic method is combined with the ship traffic emissions model STEAM2 to calculate the ship pollutant emissions in the two ports, and the relevant analysis work is conducted to evaluate the control effect of the Emission Control Area (ECA) policies on pollutant emissions. Results show that the ship pollutant emissions for CO, CXHX, NOX, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 were 1230, 510, 11,700, 6670, 248, and 232 tons, respectively. These results also indicate the possible presence of a large gap in the distribution trend of ship pollutant emissions, according to different ship types and sailing states. Moreover, the control effect of various ECA policies on pollutant emissions is not the same, that is, the impact of ECA policies on SO₂ and particulate matter is the largest, and that on NOX is minimal.
STPM2: Stata module to estimate flexible parametric survival models

stpm2 fits flexible parametric survival models (Royston-Parmar models). stpm2 can be used with single- or multiple-record or single- or multiple-failure st data. Survival models can be fitted on the log cumulative hazard scale, the log cumulative odds scale, the standard normal deviate (probit) scale, or on a scale defined by the value of theta using the Aranda-Ordaz family of link functions. stpm2 can fit the same models as stpm, but is more flexible in that it does not force the knots for time-dependent effects to be the same as those used for the baseline distribution function. In addition, stpm2 can fit relative survival models by use of the bhazard() option. Post-estimation commands have been extended over what is available in stpm. stpm2 is noticeably faster than stpm. This is an updated version of stpm2 from that published in Stata Journal, 9:2, 2009.
Physics-Based Compact Model of Current Stress-Induced Threshold Voltage Shift in Top-Gate Self-Aligned Amorphous InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors

Threshold voltage shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\text{T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) under various current stress (CS) conditions need to be quantitatively studied in self-aligned top-gate amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Here, we propose a stretched-exponential function (SEF)-based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\text{T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> model that can be applied to various combinations of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed model indicates the characteristic electron trapping time constant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is inversely proportional to (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{GS}} - {V}_{\text{T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). In contrast, the time constant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is directly proportional to the square root of (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{DS}}+{V}_{\text{bi}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), presumably due to the local donor creation by a lateral electric field. The proposed model was verified experimentally in various <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text{DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> configurations. Further, it is confirmed that the lateral electric field dominantly influences donor creation near the drain.
Association of Blood Pressure Indices with Right and Left Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and Its Mathematically Corrected Form (CAVI0) for the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis

Background and Objectives: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is an index for arterial stiffness that is theoretically independent of blood pressure. CAVI0 is the mathematically corrected formula of CAVI that has been claimed to be less dependent on blood pressure changes. The association of right and left CAVI and CAVI0 with blood pressure indices can reveal the importance of considering the blood pressure of the patient despite their theoretical independency. In this study, we assessed the right and left CAVI and CAVI0 and evaluated the main effect of blood pressure indices on them with respect to age. Materials and Methods: We collected the following data of 136 community-dwelling individuals: age; sex; weight; height; body mass index; right and left CAVI and CAVI0; and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP). The association of right and left CAVI and CAVI0 with blood pressure indices was evaluated using regression analysis. Results: Regression analysis revealed that SBP, DBP, and MBP were associated with right and left CAVI (independent of age). Moreover, SBP was associated with both right and left CAVI0 (independent of age), whereas DBP was not associated with right or left CAVI0. Conclusion: Right and left arterial stiffness measured using CAVI has no different associations with SBP, DBP, and MBP. Both right and left CAVI0 were independently associated with SBP, whereas neither left nor right CAVI0 was independently associated with DBP. MBP was only associated with the right-side CAVI0 in community-dwelling individuals.
Fuzzy Logic Based Image Fusion

Abstract : The fusion of visual and infrared sensor images of potential driving hazards in static infrared and visual scenes is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented as a new method for combining images from different sensors for achieving an image that displays more information than either image separately. Both Mamdani and ANFIS methods are used. The fused sensor images are compared to metrics to measure the increased perception of a driving hazard in the sensor-fused image. The metrics are correlated to experimental ranking of the image quality. The image rankings are obtained by presenting imagery in the TARDEC Visual Perception Lab (VPL) to subjects. Probability of detection of a driving hazard is computed using data obtained in observer tests.
Reliability-Aware Flow Distribution Algorithm in SDN-Enabled Fog Computing for Smart Cities

In order to improve the performance of the communication infrastructure in smart cities, integration of two emerging technologies, namely Fog Computing (FC) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN), has been proposed and is gaining momentum. The resulting SDN-based FC integrated architecture is expected to meet the Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications' requirements, especially in terms of easy manageability, high scalability, increased reliability, and low latency. Existing traffic engineering approaches proposed for SDN-based FC for IoT compute the route between an IoT device and fog server subject to some Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. However, these approaches ignore the link reliability level in the route computation process. Unlike them, this paper proposes a Reliability-Aware Flow Distribution Algorithm (RAFDA) and two associated optimization algorithms called Reactive Reliability-Aware Heuristic Algorithms (RRAHA-1 and RRAHA-2), which distribute the flows on the links based on the links' reliability levels, subject to additional constraints like traffic load on the link, bandwidth allocation, link utilization, and end-to-end delay. The proposed algorithms minimize the impact of link failure occurrences on the ongoing time-critical flows (applications/services) of smart cities. The proposed algorithms, evaluated using both real network traces and simulations, outperform existing approaches in terms of performance for delay-sensitive services in smart cities.
EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect: Alpha Oscillations over the Right Frontal Cortex during REM Sleep and Presleep Wakefulness Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams

Affective experiences are central not only to our waking life but also to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams. Despite our increasing understanding of the neural correlates of dreaming, we know little about the neural correlates of dream affect. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is considered a marker of affective states and traits as well as affect regulation in the waking state. Here, we explored whether FAA during REM sleep and during evening resting wakefulness is related to affective experiences in REM sleep dreams. EEG recordings were obtained from 17 human participants (7 men) who spent 2 nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants were awakened 5 min after the onset of every REM stage after which they provided a dream report and rated their dream affect. Two-minute preawakening EEG segments were analyzed. Additionally, 8 min of evening presleep and morning postsleep EEG were recorded during resting wakefulness. Mean spectral power in the alpha band (8–13 Hz) and corresponding FAA were calculated over the frontal (F4-F3) sites. Results showed that FAA during REM sleep, and during evening resting wakefulness, predicted ratings of dream anger. This suggests that individuals with greater alpha power in the right frontal hemisphere may be less able to regulate (i.e., inhibit) strong affective states, such as anger, in dreams. Additionally, FAA was positively correlated across wakefulness and REM sleep. Together, these findings imply that FAA may serve as a neural correlate of affect regulation not only in the waking but also in the dreaming state. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We experience emotions not only during wakefulness but also during dreaming. Despite our increasing understanding of the neural correlates of dreaming, we know little about the neural correlates of dream emotions. Here we used electroencephalography to explore how frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA)—the relative difference in alpha power between the right and left frontal cortical areas that is associated with emotional processing and emotion regulation in wakefulness—is related to dream emotions. We show that individuals with greater FAA (i.e., greater right-sided alpha power) during rapid eye movement sleep, and during evening wakefulness, experience more anger in dreams. FAA may thus reflect the ability to regulate emotions not only in the waking but also in the dreaming state.
Multi-Faceted Knowledge-Driven Pre-Training for Product Representation Learning

As a key component of e-commerce computing, product representation learning (PRL) provides benefits for a variety of applications, including product matching, search, and categorization. The existing PRL approaches have poor language understanding ability due to their inability to capture contextualized semantics. In addition, the learned representations by existing methods are not easily transferable to new products. Inspired by the recent advance of pre-trained language models (PLMs), we make the attempt to adapt PLMs for PRL to mitigate the above issues. In this article, we develop KINDLE, a Knowledge-drIven pre-trainiNg framework for proDuct representation LEarning, which can preserve the contextual semantics and multi-faceted product knowledge robustly and flexibly. Specifically, we first extend traditional one-stage pre-training to a two-stage pre-training framework, and exploit a deliberate knowledge encoder to ensure a smooth knowledge fusion into PLM. In addition, we propose a multi-objective heterogeneous embedding method to represent thousands of knowledge elements. This helps KINDLE calibrate knowledge noise and sparsity automatically by replacing isolated classes as training targets in knowledge acquisition tasks. Furthermore, an input-aware gating network is proposed to select the most relevant knowledge for different downstream tasks. Finally, extensive experiments have demonstrated the advantages of KINDLE over the state-of-the-art baselines across three downstream tasks.
Bacterial Metabolite Reuterin Attenuated LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Response in HD11 Macrophages

Reuterin is well-known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, while the other potential bioactivity is not yet clear. The present study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of reuterin on chicken macrophage HD11 cells for the first time and evaluate whether reuterin is able to regulate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response. The results showed that the safe medication range of reuterin was less than 250 μM. Reuterin treatment for 6 h decreased the transcriptional of CD86, IL-1β and iNOS and increased the expression of CD206 in a dose-dependent way, but reuterin treatment for 12 h contrary increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. However, it was noticed that reuterin treatment for 12 h significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed the phagocytosis activity of HD11 macrophages against bacteria. Further, the results showed that preincubation or coincubation with reuterin significantly attenuated the promotive effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and obviously inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Meanwhile, Mechanism studies implied that reuterin might exert an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated cells by downregulating the expression of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 and blocking the activation of NF-κB as well as MAPKs signaling pathways. Additionally, it was found that both pretreatment and cotreatment with reuterin remarkably inhibited the oxidative stress induced by LPS stimulation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. These findings suggested the immunoregulatory function of reuterin and indicated this bacterial metabolite was able to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress of HD11 macrophages once exposed to LPS stimulation.
Majority-minority Educational Success Sans Integration: A Comparative-International View

Strategies for tackling educational inequality take many forms, though perhaps the argument most often invoked is school integration. Yet whatever the promise of integration may be, its realization continues to be hobbled by numerous difficulties. In this paper we examine what many of these difficulties are. Yet in contrast to how many empirical researchers frame these issues, we argue that while educational success in majority-minority schools will depend on a variety of material and non-material resources, the presence of these resources does not require school integration; indeed sometimes the most crucial resources are easier to foster in its absence. To that end, we briefly canvass the evidence from the United States on high performing majority-minority schools serving poor and minority students. Yet because these debates are so contentious in the American context, we pivot away from the U.S. to consider a different country, the Netherlands. We invite the reader to consider an analogous case where racial injustice and educational inequality are just as serious, yet where differences in the state school system might prove instructive concerning how some majority-minority schools choose to respond to existing segregation, but more importantly how educational success can occur in the absence of integration.