Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-Term And Long-Term Bioreactors For Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

Passive biological treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) relies on sulfate -reducing bacteria (SRB) supported by a biodegradable organic carbon source. However, long-term treatment performance can be limited by the degradation rates of organic carbon available to SRB, and by low metal stability in spent reactive mixtures. The first part of this study focused on characterization of six natural organic materials and their short-term effectiveness in sulfate-reduction and metal removal from synthetic AMD. In the second part, long-term performance and metal precipitates in the reactive mixtures were assessed. Maple wood chips, sphagnum peat moss, leaf compost, conifer compost, poultry manure and conifer sawdust were analyzed in terms of their carbon and nitrogen content, as well as their easily available substances content (EAS). Single substrates and substrate mixtures were tested in a 70-day batch experiment (2-L reactors) and in an extended batch study for up to 350 days. Geochemical modeling and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the minerals present in the solid phase. The highest EAS content and the lowest C/N ratio suggested poultry manure would be the best substrate. Nevertheless, the lowest efficiency was found in the poultry manure reactor, whereas the mixture of three organic materials was the most effective. After 350 days, the mixture of organic carbon sources was still efficient for AMD treatment. SEM analysis of the solid phase indicated the presence of iron sulfides. Substrate characterization provided insight on organic carbon availability but did not elucidate their ability to promote sulfate-reduction and metal removal. Further research is needed to accurately predict long-term carbon availability and to assess the metal precipitates in spent reactive mixtures.
A case study on the effects of underwater noise during the construction of large offshore wind farms

The installation of wind farms is considered a key step towards the provision of sustainable energy supply in the UK. Offshore wind farms offer a great potential in terms of availability of resources in terms of space and energy with the minimum of impact on human activity. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests that the construction and operation of wind farms are likely to pose a risk to offshore wildlife. As such, these wind farms must undergo detailed environmental impact assessment prior to installation to determine their impact on marine fauna. In this paper, we discuss the construction of a large UK wind farm, for which a comprehensive noise study was produced reviewing its impacts and the calculation of their severity. The impacts on underwater wildlife considered included lethality and physical injury, auditory effects and behavioural avoidance response. The use of an underwater broadband noise propagation model which has been implemented as software, and which has been validated for shallow water is described. The range of effects of unweighted, dBht(Species) and M-weighted Sound Exposure Level were calculated for a variety of appropriate species with this software. This software tool was used interactively by the engineers, regulators and marine specialists, and it offered the constructor the ability to assess and minimise the development's potential for environmental impact from an early point. This allowed the developer an accurate impression of the likelihood of gaining consent for the project and provided a direction for the best way to minimise or mitigate the introduced noise.
Understanding Industrial Innovation and Upgrade from Modularization’s Perspective

In the era of globalization and information technology, modularization is an approach to solve economic system complexity and the essence of new industrial structure. The source of industrial innovation comes from technology and organization modularization and system integration. Industrial upgrade takes effect through interaction of the following factors: competition of modular firms, knowledge creation, knowledge flow, modular option and absorptive capability. The modular and architectural innovation promotes the industrial upgrade.
Layered Capacity-Based Relay-and-Antenna Joint Selection for MIMO-AF-Multiple-Relay Systems in Correlated Channels

A computationally efficient two-stage greedy capacity maximization (GCM) relay-and-antenna joint selection is proposed for a dual-hop nonregenerative amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple-relay system with multiple antennas equipped at each node in correlated fading channels. This modified GCM (MGCM) antenna selection strategy selects a subset of antenna pairs from available relays based on the concept of channel capacity maximization subject to an optimal power allocation constraint across the activated antenna pairs. In order to reduce system hardware complexity, antenna selection schemes are performed at the destination node as well. Finally, simulations are conducted to compare the channel capacity of the proposed two-layered antenna selection technique with other existing antenna selection algorithms for half-duplex AF-MIMO multiple-relay systems.
Molecular Monitoring Of Bacterial And Microalgal Biocenoses’ Biodiversity In High Loaded Farming Ponds

Abstract Eutrophication process is a serious problem in water ecosystems. There is a great need to study the relation between the physico-chemical condition of water and the influence of these parameters on the diversity of biological life, especially on changes in the structure of microbiocenoses. The most interesting are bacteria and microalgae, due to the important roles they play in maintaining the balance of the aquatic environment. In this study, biodiversity analysis of eukaryotic microalgae and bacteria in two artificial water ecosystems - fish farming ponds - was performed. Aquaculture was based on IMTA technology, in which every part of the trophic chain plays a significant role in maintaining the balance in the ecosystems. Experimental intensive - extensive systems differed in terms of nutrient loads, ponds were characterized by high loads of organic and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. During the experimental period, the physicochemical conditions, quantitative genotypic structure of the two biocenoses being studied and the relation between these factors were monitored and investigated. For the biodiversity analysis, the PCR - DGGE technique was used. The results of preliminary research showed that there is a correlation between nutrient loads, diversity expressed in the Shannon-Wiener Index and the overall condition of experimental systems. Higher loadings of nutrient promote the development of bacteria and microalgae without any influence on the balance in the artificial ecosystem being tested.
KEIO/KYOTO JOINT GLOBAL CENTER OF EXCELLENCE PROGRAM Raising Market Quality-Integrated Design of “Market Infrastructure” KEIO/KYOTO GLOBAL COE DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES

This article considers a pure-endowment stationary stochastic overlapping generations economy, in which agents have maximin expected utility preferences. Two main results are obtained. First, we show that multiple stationary monetary equilibria exist, and hence real as well as price indeterminacy arises under the assumption that aggregate shock exists. Second, we show that each of these stationary monetary equilibria is conditionally Pareto optimal; i.e., no other stationary allocations strictly Pareto dominate the equilibrium allocations. *Eisei Ohtaki Faculty of Economics, Keio University **Hiroyuki Ozaki Faculty of Economics, Keio University KEIO/KYOTO JOINT GLOBAL COE PROGRAM Raising Market Quality-Integrated Design of “Market Infrastructure” Graduate School of Economics and Graduate School of Business and Commerce, Keio University 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Monetary Equilibria and Knightian Uncertainty Eisei Ohtaki† Hiroyuki Ozaki‡ † Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Mita 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan email address: ohtaki@gs.econ.keio.ac.jp ‡ Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Mita 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan email address: ozaki@econ.keio.ac.jp First Draft: October 1, 2011 Current Draft: February 21, 2013 Abstract: This article considers a pure-endowment stationary stochastic overlapping generations economy, in which agents have maximin expected utility preferences. Two main results are obtained. First, we show that multiple stationary monetary equilibria exist, and hence real as well as price indeterminacy arises under the assumption that aggregate shock exists. Second, we show that each of these stationary monetary equilibria is conditionally Pareto optimal; i.e., no other stationary allocations strictly Pareto dominate the equilibrium allocations.
A simple adjustment to test reliability of bacterivory rates derived from the dilution method

Quantification of grazing losses of marine heterotrophic bacteria is critical for understanding nutrient and carbon pathways in aquatic systems. The dilution method is a commonly used experimental approach for quantifying bacterivory. However, valid estimates of grazing rates obtained using this method depend on several methodological assumptions including that the method does not influence specific growth rates of bacteria. Here, we hypothesize that filtration during the set‐up of a dilution experiment has the potential to release allelochemicals from phytoplankton cells and thereby stimulate or inhibit bacterial growth with the consequence of biased grazing estimates. We tested this hypothesis during a natural Phaeocystis pouchetii bloom at two different locations within an Arctic fjord. Results from the dilution experiments suggest higher gross growth rate and grazing impact for bacteria in the outer fjord compared with the inner fjord. However, specific growth rates estimated by bacterial production cell−1 were significantly elevated in dilutions of water from the outer fjord but not the inner fjord. The analysis of dissolved metabolites in the seawater from both experiments prior and after filtration revealed altered metabolic profiles after filtration at both stations. As unaffected specific growth of prey on dilution is one of three fundamental assumptions of the dilution method, we conclude that it is important that empirically estimated bacterial specific growth rates be routinely included when using the dilution method to quantify bacterivory.
Implementation of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) System to a Dairy Industry : Evaluation of Benefits and Barriers

Milk and dairy products are essential components to human diet, but it is also well known to be potentially hazardous food items due to several contamination sources (equipment, personnel, additives and packaging material) during their manufacturing process in nonconforming conditions. The implementation of the Hazards Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system from production to consumption of dairy products promotes food safety and prevention of food-borne diseases. The present study discusses the implementation of the HACCP principles (focusing on the microbiological hazards) throughout the production chain of mizithra, one of the dairy products manufactured by a middle-sized dairy industry, named Cooperative Dairy industry “EVOL”, sited nearby the city of Volos (central Greece). The main benefits and barriers after the application of the HACCP system in the above industry are also identified and discussed.
Software development of Rubber recipe management database

Discuss how to manage the production of rubber formula, realize the Rapidity and efficiency the production formulation. Based on InterBase database and Delphi software development, connecting with the actual operation, introduce in detail the steps in the process of database management software development, provide a guiding framework of how to develop a practical database management software. Finally through an actual management of the new formula, verify the feasibility and the convenience of this software. For the factory the actual drug weighing plays an important role.
An experimental test of the Jarzynski equality in a mechanical experiment

We have experimentally checked the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation (see Jarzynski C., Phys. Rev. Lett., 78 (1997) 2690; Crooks G. E. , Phys. Rev. E, 60 (1999) 2721; Jarzynski C. , J. Stat. Phys., 98 (2000) 77) on the thermal fluctuations of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator in contact with a heat reservoir. We found that, independently of the time scale and amplitude of the driving force, both relations are satisfied. These results give credit, at least in the case of Gaussian fluctuations, to the use of these relations in biological and chemical systems to estimate the free energy difference ΔF between two equilibrium states (see Ritort F., Seminaire Poincare, 2 (2003) 63; Liphardt J., Dumont S. , Smith S. B. , Ticono I. jr and Bustamante C. , Science, 296 (2002) 1832). An alternative method to estimate ΔF in an isothermal process is proposed too.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of stakeholders on biofuels as an enabler in a South African bio-based economy

This study investigates stakeholder knowledge, attitudes, and public perception concerning biofuels as an enabler towards a bio-based economy. In innovation and adoption studies, perceptions play a critical role in the acceptance of a technology. Biofuels have been touted as a clean fuel with an ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously creating employment and growing economies. South Africa is in the process of transitioning towards a bio-based economy. Accordingly, policies and institutions have been developed to promote biofuels production and distribution. Knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) surveys were carried out to deepen knowledge and understanding of the stakeholder’s KAP. Emails as well as telephonic and group interviews based on open questions and social media were used to gather data. The study employed cluster, purposive random and snowball sampling to select the participants with descriptive statistics, thematic analysis and discourse analysis used to analyse the data. The study found that the introduction of biofuels presents many opportunities and benefits for the economy and unlocking the potentials for the rural entrepreneurs. Stakeholders have concerns and issues regarding the use of biofuels on their internal combustion engines. The study recommends proper communication and education should be done on the benefits of biofuels in a bio-based economy.
Optimizing PV Use through Active Demand Side Management

With recent technological developments within the field of power conditioning and the progressive decrease of incentives for PV electricity in grid-connected markets, new operation modes for PV systems should be explored beyond the traditional maximization of PV electri city feed-in. An example can be found in the domestic sector, where the use of modern PV hybrid systems combin ed with efficient electrical appliances and demand side management strategies can significantly enhance the PV value for the user. This paper presents an active demand side management system able to displace the consumer’s load curve in response to local (PV hybrid system, user) and external conditions (external grid). In this way, th e consumer becomes an “active consumer” that can also cooperate with others and the grid, increasing even more the PV value for the electrical system.
A Simulation-Based Decision Making Framework for the Anticipatory Change Planning of Intralogistics Systems

In many industries flexibility and changeability are becoming a more important characteristic for providing responses to fluctuating conditions without significant loss in time, costs and efforts. In order to cope with turbulences and the increasing level of unpredictability, future intralogistics systems have to feature short reaction times, high flexibility in processes and the ability to adapt to frequent changes. However, the flexibility planning of the design and operations of intralogistics systems as a mean for improved supply chain agility has been ignored. There are many forecasting methods in the literature that can be used to predict future conditions, such as market development, product portfolio or future customer expectations. Nevertheless, analyzing the impact of these forecasts on the performance and costs measures of intralogistics systems is still experiencing insufficient methodical and tool support. Anticipatory change planning can be a usable approach for managers to make contingency plans for intralogistics systems to deal with the rapidly changing marketplace. In this context, this paper proposes a simulation-based decision framework for the anticipatory change planning of intralogistics systems in order to cope with unpredictable events in the future. This approach includes the quantitative assessments based on the simulation in defined scenarios as well as the analysis of performance availability in terms of the degree of fulfillment of customer requirements. The implementation of the approach is Mustafa Güller, Tobias Hegmanns, Michael Henke and Natalia Straub 204 illustrated on a new intralogistics technology called the Cellular Transport System.
Teaching and learning of middle school social studies in Turkey : an analysis of curriculum implementation

This study is part of a larger research project designed to investigate social studies teaching at middle and high school levels in Turkey. This paper assesses curriculum implementation in social studies courses at middle school level from the perspectives of teachers and students. The study design included 88 middle schools in 22 provinces representing the seven geographic regions in Turkey. Social studies teachers of history, geography, and civics in all of the schools at all three grade levels were asked to participate and a stratified random sample of students were selected to represent all grade levels and courses. Two separate questionnaires were designed for the two groups to explore their perceptions of the teaching and learning process in social studies courses. Results are organized under three parts: (1) teachers' perceptions of the curriculum guidelines they use; (2) teachers' and students' assessments of the teaching and learning process in social studies courses in terms of teaching/learning activities, instructional materials, types of assignments and evaluation methods used; and (3) the impact of social studies courses on students from their point of view. (EH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Bacterial activity during early winter mixing (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada)

Bacterial dynamics were examined in early winter in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) at a time of rapid changes in water column properties. At all stations, bacterial production as measured by [methyl-3H]-thymidine (3H-TdR) was significantly correlated with chl a and with the number of Actively Respiring Cells (ARCs). ARCS were defined as metabolically active bacteria which reduced the tetrazolium salt 5-cyano-2.3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) to red fluorescent, water-insoluble formazan crystals that were detected by epifluorescence microscopy. There was little change in the total bacterial concentrations determined with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and no significant correlation between the thymidine production values and DAPI counts. ARCS represented ca 1 to 2% of total bacterial cell counts in the surface mixed layer when the water column was stratified, falling to less than 0.1 % when there was deep mixing. These observations suggest that only a small fraction of the total bacterial biomass is metabolically active at any one time. These findings support the view that the relatively constant total bacterial cell concentrations in the sea are determined by loss rather than growth processes.
Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide-Palladium Nanocomposites by Pepper extract and Its Application in Removing of Colored Pollutants from Water

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of pepper extract as a capping agent via a hydrothermal method. Then palladium nanoparticles and Fe3O4-Pd nanocomposites were synthesized with the aid of pepper extract as a reducing agent. Vibrating Sample magnetometer illustrated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles have super paramagnetic behaviour. The photo catalytic behaviour of Fe3O4-Pd nanocomposites was investigated using the degradation of two azo dyes under ultraviolet light irradiation. The results show that nanocomposites have feasible magnetic and photo catalytic properties. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Households and Financial Frictions

This paper presents and estimates a sticky-price model with heterogenous households and nancial frictions. Frictions in state-contingent asset markets lead to imperfect risksharing among households with idiosyncratic labor incomes. I study the impacts of the introduced nancial frictions on optimal monetary policy by documenting implications for the central banks objective function, the equation that characterizes ination-output gap trade-o¤s, targeting rules, interest rate rules, and welfare of the economy. Employing the estimated model, the paper argues that the central bank should place a stronger emphasis on stabilizing ination than it has, and failing to do so can generate nontrivial welfare costs. Rutgers University, email: jwlee@econ.rutgers. edu. I thank Chris Sims, Nobu Kiyotaki, Ricardo Reis, and Sam Schulhofer-Wohl, whose comments have been invaluable in improving this paper. I appreciate outstanding research assistance from Georgia Bush.
Determinants of export behaviour in Argentina during the 1990s: an empirical approach based on firm data

This paper examines firms’ export decisions in Argentina during the nineties. Using a sample of about 1600 Argentinean industrial firms for four years (1992, 1996, 1998 and 2001), we test on the one hand which factors impact on the probability of entry foreign markets and, on the other hand, which factors explain that a firm is able to export in many periods, in some periods or never. We thus estimate two types of non-linear discrete regression models, a Probit and a Dynamic Multinomial models, in order to explore those two issues respectively. We find evidence suggesting that export experience is a key explicative variable for export decision (in line with the sunk costs model). Likewise, firm-specific characteristics and technological strategies are significant to explain not only export decision but also export behaviour along the decade. In particular, we find that size and access to financial markets, as well as R&D investments and product differentiation, play a key role on firms’ export capacity.