Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vibration control and performance analysis of full car active suspension system using fractional order terminal sliding mode controller

The main goal of introducing Active Suspension System in vehicles is to reduce the vehicle body motion under road obstacles which improves the ride comfort of the passenger. In this paper, the Full Car Model (FCM) with seven Degrees of Freedom is considered and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) and Fractional Order Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (FOTSMC) are designed to enhance the ride quality, stability and passenger comfort for FCM. The designed FOTSMC has the ability to provide higher control accuracy in a ﬁnite time. The performances of the designed controllers are evaluated by measuring the vehicle body vibration in both angular and vertical direction under bump input and ISO-8608 random input against passive suspension system. The Frequency Weighted Root Mean Square (FWRMS) and Vibration dose value of Body Acceleration as per ISO-2631 are evaluated for FOTSMC, TSMC and PSS. The stability of the FCM is proved by Lyapunouv theory. Further analysis with sprung mass and speed variation of FCM demonstrate the robustness of proposed controller. To investigate the performances of designed controllers, comparison is made with existing Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) which proves that the designed FOTSMC performs better than existing SMC.
Transmission Classiﬁcation Model To Determine Place and Time of Infection of Tuberculosis Cases in an Urban Area (cid:1) †

We conducted a population-based study in the Rotterdam region of The Netherlands to determine the place and time of infection of tuberculosis (TB) cases using conventional epidemiological and genotyping information. In particular, we focused on the extent of misclassiﬁcation if genotyping was not combined with epide- miological information. Cases were divided into those with a unique mycobacterial DNA ﬁngerprint, a clustering ﬁngerprint, and an unknown ﬁngerprint. We developed transmission classiﬁcation trees for each category to determine whether patients were infected in a foreign country or recently ( < 2 years) or remotely (>2 years) infected in The Netherlands. Of all TB cases during the 12-year study period, 38% were infected in a foreign country, 36% resulted from recent transmission in The Netherlands, and 18% resulted from remote infection in The Netherlands, while in the remaining cases (9%) either the time or place of infection could not be determined. The conventional epidemiological data suggested that at least 29% of clustered cases were not part of recent chains of transmission. Cases with unknown ﬁngerprints, almost all culture negative, relatively frequently had conﬁrmed epidemiological links with a recent pulmonary TB case in The Netherlands and were more often identiﬁed by contact tracing. Our ﬁndings highlight the idea that genotyping should be combined with conventional epidemiological investigation to establish the place and time of infection of TB cases as accurately as possible. A standardized way of classifying TB into recently, remotely, and foreign-acquired disease provides indicators for surveillance and TB control program performance that can be used to decide on interventions and allocation of resources.
Diabetes Mellitus A Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in a Large Bi-Racial Population

10 years later. Methods —This is a population-based study. First ischemic strokes among black and white residents of the 5-county Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region, aged ≥ 20 years, for periods 7/1993 to 6/1994, 1999, and 2005, were included in this analysis. Incidence rates were adjusted for sex, race, and age, as appropriate, to the 2000 US population. Results —History of diabetes mellitus among first ischemic strokes was reported for 493/1709 (28%) in 1993/1994, 522/1778 (29%) in 1999, and 544/1680 (33%) in 2005. Risk ratios (95% confidence interval) for rates of stroke in those with versus without diabetes mellitus for blacks reduced significantly from 5.6 in 1993/1994 to 3.2 in 2005; for whites the risk ratio remained stable at 3.8 in 1993/1994 and 2005. However, risk ratios varied with age, with an overall 5- to 14-fold increased risk observed in those aged 20 to 65 years. Conclusions —Those with diabetes mellitus remain at greatly increased risk for stroke at all ages, especially <65 years, regardless of race. The rates and risk ratios for 1999 and 2005, although similar to those previously reported for the mid-1990s, take on increased significance, given the epidemic of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome throughout the US and the world. ( Stroke . 2013;44:00-00.)
Short-term effects of an educational program on health-seeking behavior for infections in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled intervention trial in primary care.

Objective: To assess the short-term effects of an educational program on (determinants of) self-reported health-seeking behavior for infections of the urinary tract (UTIs) and lower respiratory tract (LRTIs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Research Design and Methods: In a randomized controlled trial 1,124 patients with DM2 aged between 44 and 85 years participated. The intervention consisted of a multi-faceted educational program with an interactive meeting, a leaflet, a website, and a consultation with the diabetes care provider. The program focused on the needs of patients, apparent from a prior focus group and questionnaire study. The primary outcome measure was an indicator of health-seeking behavior for UTIs and LRTIs, defined as the proportion of participants with a positive score on at least seven out of nine determinants according to six on the Health Belief Model and the additional three domains of knowledge, need for information, and intention. The primary outcome was measured with questionnaires at baseline and after five months. Results: Complete outcome data were available for 468 intervention group patients and 472 control group patients. In all, 68% of the intervention group patients attended the meeting. At baseline, 28% of the participants from the intervention group had a positive score on seven of the nine determinants, compared to 27% from the control group. Following the educational program, these percentages were 53% and 32%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our educational program positively influenced determinants of health-seeking behavior for common infections in patients with DM2.
The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor PI-103 Downregulates Choline Kinase α Leading to Phosphocholine and Total Choline Decrease Detected by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a major target for cancer drug development. PI-103 is an isoform-selective class I PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. The aims of this work were as fol-lows: first, to use magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to identify and develop a robust pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker for target inhibition and potentially tumor response following PI3K inhibition; second, to eval-uate mechanisms underlying the MRS-detected changes. Treatment of human PTEN null PC3 prostate and PIK3CA mutant HCT116 colon carcinoma cells with PI-103 resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in phosphocholine (PC) and total choline (tCho) levels ( P < 0.05) detected by phosphorus ( 31 P)- and proton ( 1 H)-MRS. In contrast, the cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor docetaxel increased glycerophosphocholine and tCho levels in PC3 cells. PI-103 – induced MRS changes were associated with alterations in the protein expression levels of regulatory enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, including choline kinase α (ChoK α ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and phosphorylated ATP-citrate lyase (pACL). However, a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.9, P = 0.009) was found only between PC concentrations and ChoK α expression but not with FAS or pACL. This study identified inhibition of ChoK α as a major cause of the observed change in PC levels following PI-103 treatment. We also showed the capacity of 1 H-MRS, a clinically well-established technique with higher sensitivity and wider applicability compared with 31 P-MRS, to assess response to PI-103. Our results show that monitoring the effects of PI3K inhibitors by MRS may provide a noninvasive PD biomarker for PI3K inhibition and potentially of tumor response during early-stage clinical trials with PI3K inhibitors. Cancer Res; 70(13); OF1 – 11. ©2010 AACR.
Identiﬁcation Leptospira santarosai serovar shermani speciﬁc sequences by suppression subtractive hybridization

In Taiwan, leptospirosis is caused mainly by Leptospira santarosai serovar shermani. Suppression subtractive hybridization was employed to isolate DNA fragments present in pathogenic L. santarosai serovar shermani but absent in non-pathogenic L. biﬂexa serovar patoc. Analysis of 23 subtracted DNA clones revealed 25 gene fragments by BLASTX program. Eight clones showed similarity to transposase genes and three clones displayed homology with either translation or metabolism related genes. Four clones were similar to outer membrane protein, penicillin-binding protein, CreD-like protein and the protein of two-component signal transduction system, respectively. One clone had TPR repeat domain and ﬁve clones had signiﬁcant similarity with hypothetical proteins of unknown functions. The remaining four clones exhibited no homology with any known genes. These results indicate that subtractive hybridization can successfully identify genes that are absent from the non-pathogenic Leptospira and provide a starting point for clarifying the diﬀerential genes expression between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira species.
Identifying bankruptcy prediction factors in various environments: A contribution to the discussion on the transferability of bankruptcy models

— As has been demonstrated by Beaver and subsequently Altman, financial indicators can pick up the risk of impending bankruptcy. This idea led to the construction of bankruptcy models that proved capable of identifying companies threatened with insolvency with great accuracy. A number of authors have demonstrated that the accuracy of bankruptcy models falls significantly if the given model is used in an environment other than that for which it was originally developed. The aim of this article is to identify the financial indicators that are statistically significant predictors of bankruptcy in various environments. The sample investigated is comprised of data on industrial concerns in the Visegrad Four countries for the years 2007 to 2012. A bankruptcy model based on the same set of variables was derived for each country by the method of Boosted Trees. The variables that are statistically significant in all countries and the variables that are specific for individual countries were identified by means of comparison of the significance of the variables in the models created (i.e. in different environments). Most important indicators of bankruptcy prediction can be described as indicators of company size, in our research the value of sales and total assets. Additional significant predictors are debt ratios, liquidity and profitability. However their significance for bankruptcy prediction is different, which is demonstrated by a high degree of variability of these indicators in the surveyed data sample.
Effect of Soil Applied Humic Acid and Foliar Applied Zinc on the Growth and Yield of Wheat

: A field study was carried out on the effect of soil-applied Humic acid and Foliar applied zinc on the growth and yield of wheat (variety SKD -1 ) at the experimental fields of Agriculture Chemistry (Soils) Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam during 2013-2014. Observations on Plant height (cm), Tillers plant -1 , Spike length (cm), Grains spike -1 , Grain weight plant -1 (g), Seed index (1000 grains weight, g), Biological yield (kg ha -1 ) and Grain yield (kg -1 ) were recorded. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) effect of various levels of soil applied humic acid and foliar application of zinc on all the growth and grain yield traits of wheat. The crop supplied with a higher humic acid level of 8.00 kg -1 resulted in 97.69 cm plant height, 5.82 tillers plant -1 , 11.11 cm spike length, 40.00 grains spike -1 , 24.81 g grain weight plant -1 , 38.40 g seed index, 9860.30 kg biological yield ha -1 and 4838.80 kg grain yield ha -1 . The decrease in humic acid upto 6.00 kg ha -1 resulted in 95.57 cm plant height, 5.69 tillers plant -1 , 10.87 cm spike length, 39.25 grains spike -1 , 24.34 g grain weight plant -1 , 37.68 g seed index, 9652.70 kg biological yield ha -1 and 4747.80 kg grain yield ha -1 . The crop under control (no humic acid application) resulted in the lowest values for all the traits studied. The effect of foliar applied zinc indicated that the crop sprayed with Zn at higher concentration of 0.4% resulted in 97.29 cm plant height, 5.79 tillers plant -1 , 11.06 cm spike length, 39.81 grains spike -1 , 24.69 g grain weight plant -1 , 38.22 g seed index, 9820.00 kg biological yield ha -1 and 4815.70 kg grain yield ha -1 . The crop sprayed with Zn at a lower concentration of 0.2% and control Zn, resulted in lower values for all the growth and yield traits. It was concluded that the differences in the grain weight plant -1 and grain yield ha -1 between the soil applied humic acid level of 6.00 kg and 8.00 kg ha -1 were non-significant, suggesting that 6.00 kg ha -1 humic acid would be optimum for wheat variety SKD -1 . On the other hand, the values for grain yield and its contributing traits under higher foliar applied Zn concentration (0.3%) were markedly higher than the crop performance under lower Zn concentration and control. Hence, it is suggestible that for achieving economically higher grain yield in wheat variety SKD -1 , the crop may be supplied with 6.00 kg ha -1 humic acid through the soil, and foliar application of Zn at 0.3% concentration may be ensured in addition to the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.
Catalysing the

(cid:1) Intermediary organisations are playing a growing role in the energy service market. (cid:1) Intermediaries lower transaction costs for both clients and contractors. (cid:1) Intermediaries should be encouraged by public policy. The UK market for energy service contracts is expanding, owing in part to the emergence of inter- mediaries for those contracts in different parts of the public sector. These intermediaries combine a legal framework for establishing contracts with an organisational framework that facilitates contract nego- tiation and execution. This paper examines the nature and operation of these intermediaries in more detail, including their achievements to date and their similarities and differences. It uses ideas from transaction cost economics to develop a theoretical model of the contracting decision and shows how intermediary organisations can lower the transaction costs incurred by both clients and contractors, thereby increasing the viability of contracting. The paper argues that intermediaries can play an important role in expanding the market for energy service contracts, and hence in delivering cost-effective energy ef ﬁ ciency improvements throughout the public sector.
ZnFe 2 O 4 , a Green and High-Capacity Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review

Featured Application: The review, reporting the state of the art on the promising anode material ZnFe 2 O 4 , can be of interest for the community of researchers working on lithium ion batteries. Abstract: Ferrites, a broad class of ceramic oxides, possess intriguing physico-chemical properties, mainly due to their unique structural features, that, during these last 50–60 years, made them the materials of choice for many different applications. They are, indeed, applied as inductors, high-frequency materials, for electric ﬁeld suppression, as catalysts and sensors, in nanomedicine for magneto-ﬂuid hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging, and, more recently, in electrochemistry. In particular, ZnFe 2 O 4 and its solid solutions are drawing scientists’ attention for the application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The main reasons are found in the low cost, abun-dance, and environmental friendliness of both Zn and Fe precursors, high surface-to-volume ratio, relatively short path for Li-ion diffusion, low working voltage of about 1.5 V for lithium extraction, and the high theoretical speciﬁc capacity (1072 mAh g − 1 ). However, some drawbacks are represented by fast capacity fading and poor rate capability, resulting from a low electronic conductivity, severe agglomeration, and large volume change during lithiation/delithiation processes. In this review, the main synthesis methods of spinels will be brieﬂy discussed before presenting the most recent and promising electrochemical results on ZnFe 2 O 4 obtained with peculiar morphologies/architectures or as composites, which represent the focus of this review. 1-x 4 (x Fe in the phases. In fact, ZFO, during the ﬁrst discharge, formed a mixture of metallic iron, metallic zinc, and Li 2 O. Instead of the original ZFO spinel, the metallic iron and zinc particles were re-oxidized to Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO during the subsequent de-lithiation (see Equations (1)–(7)). All the cited studies [120–124] agree with this mechanism (Figure 9).
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Control: A Lyapunov-Based Approach

Conventions and Notation xv Preface xxi Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations 9 Chapter 3. Stability Theory for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 135 Chapter 4. Advanced Stability Theory 207 Chapter 5. Dissipativity Theory for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 325 Chapter 6. Stability and Optimality of Feedback Dynamical Systems 411 Chapter 7. Input-Output Stability and Dissipativity 471 Chapter 8. Optimal Nonlinear Feedback Control 511 Chapter 9. Inverse Optimal Control and Integrator Backstepping 557 Chapter 10. Disturbance Rejection Control for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 603 Chapter 11. Robust Control for Nonlinear Uncertain Systems 649 Chapter 12. Structured Parametric Uncertainty and Parameter-Dependent Lyapunov Functions 719 Chapter 13. Stability and Dissipativity Theory for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 763 Chapter 14. Discrete-Time Optimal Nonlinear Feedback Control 845 Bibliography 901 Index 939
Epiblastic Cited2 deﬁciency results in cardiac phenotypic heterogeneity and provides a mechanism for haploinsufﬁciency

Aims Deletion of the transcription factor Cited2 causes penetrant and phenotypically heterogenous cardiovascular and laterality defects and adrenal agenesis. Heterozygous human CITED2 mutation is associated with congenital heart disease, suggesting haploinsufﬁciency. Cited2 functions partly via a Nodal ! Pitx2c pathway controlling left–right patterning. In this present study we investigated the primary site of Cited2 function and mechanisms of haploinsufﬁciency. Methods and results A Cited2 conditional allele enabled its deletion in particular cell lineages in mouse development. A lacZ reporter cassette allowed indication of deletion. Congenic Cited2 heterozygous mice were used to investigate haploinsufﬁciency. Embryos were examined by magnetic resonance imaging, by sectioning and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Epiblast- speciﬁc deletion of Cited2 using Sox2Cre recapitulated penetrant and phenotypically heterogenous cardiovascular and laterality defects. Neural crest-speciﬁc deletion using Wnt1Cre affected cranial ganglia but not cardiac development. Mesodermal deletion with Mesp1Cre resulted in low penetrance of septal defect. Mesodermal deletion with T-Cre resulted in adrenal agenesis, but infrequent cardiac septal and laterality defects. b -Galatactosidase staining and qRT-PCR demonstrated the efﬁciency and location of Cited2 deletion. Murine Cited2 heterozygosity is itself associated with cardiac malformation, with three of 45 embryos showing ventricular septal defect. Cited2 gene expression in E13.5 hearts was reduced 2.13-fold in Cited2 þ / 2 compared with wild-type ( P ¼ 2.62 (cid:2) 10 2 6 ). The Cited2 target gene Pitx2c was reduced 1.5-fold in Cited2 þ / 2 ( P ¼ 0.038) hearts compared with wild-type, and reduced 4.9-fold in Cited2 2 / 2 hearts ( P ¼ 0.00031). Pitx2c levels were reduced two-fold ( P ¼ 0.009) in Cited2 þ / 2 embryos, in comparison with wild-type. Cited2 and Pitx2c expression were strongly correlated in wild-type and Cited2 þ / 2 hearts (Pearson rank correlation ¼ 0.68, P ¼ 0.0009). Cited2 expression was reduced 7474-fold in Sox2Cre deleted hearts compared with controls ( P ¼ 0.00017) and Pitx2c was reduced 3.1-fold ( P ¼ 0.013). Deletion of Cited2 with Mesp1Cre resulted in a 130-fold reduction in cardiac Cited2 expression compared with control ( P ¼ 0.0002), but Pitx2c expression was not affected. Conclusion These results indicate that phenotypically heterogenous and penetrant cardiac malfor- mations in Cited2 deﬁciency arise from a primary requirement in epiblast derivatives for left–right patterning, with a secondary cell-autonomous role in the mesoderm. Cardiac malformation associated with Cited2 haploinsufﬁciency may occur by reducing expression of key Cited2 targets such as Pitx2c .
Corrections and Editorial Expression of Concern ENGINEERING in

The explosive growth in our knowledge of genomes, proteomes, and metabolomes is driving ever-increasing fundamental under-standing of the biochemistry of life, enabling qualitatively new studies of complex biological systems and their evolution. This knowledge also drives modern biotechnologies, such as molecular engineering and synthetic biology, which have enormous potential to address urgent problems, including developing potent new drugs and providing environmentally friendly energy. Many of these studies, however, are ultimately limited by their need for even-higher-throughput measurements of biochemical reactions. We present a general ultrahigh-throughput screening platform using drop-based microfluidics that overcomes these limitations and revolutionizes both the scale and speed of screening. We use aqueous drops dispersed in oil as picoliter-volume reaction vessels and screen them at rates of thousands per second. To dem- onstrate its power, we apply the system to directed evolution, identifying new mutants of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase ex- hibiting catalytic rates more than 10 times faster than their parent, which is already a very efficient enzyme. We exploit the ultrahigh throughput to use an initial purifying selection that removes inactive mutants; we identify ∼ 100 variants comparable in activity to the parent from an initial population of ∼ 10 7 . After a second generation of mutagenesis and high-stringency screening, we identify several significantly improved mutants, some approaching diffu-sion-limited efficiency. In total, we screen ∼ 10 8 individual enzyme reactions in only 10 h, using < 150 μ L of total reagent volume; compared to state-of-the-art robotic screening systems, we per- form the entire assay with a 1,000-fold increase in speed and a 1-million-fold reduction in cost.