Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying New Saturation Mechanisms Hindering the Development of Plasma-Based Laser Amplifiers Utilizing Stimulated Raman Backscattering

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF ACRONYMS . x LIST OF SYMBOLS . x CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 The Theoretical Foundation . 5 Previous Experimental Work . 8 Thesis Organization . 10 CHAPTER II – EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS . 14 Laser Physics and Princeton’s 15 Terawatt System . 14 Preformed Plasma Channels . 19 Details of the Interferometry . 25 Experimental Setup . 28 Experimental Results . 33 A Note on Detuning . 37 CHAPTER III – FREQUENCY-RESOLVED OPTICAL GATING . 43 The Limitations of Autocorrelators . 43 The Advantages of FROG . 46 FROG Design. 47 FROG Measurements of Fully-Compressed Beams . 53 Direction-of-Time Ambiguity . 56 FROG Measurements of the Amplified Seed . 62 CHAPTER IV – INVESTIGATING THE AMPLIFIED SEED BLUE SHIFT . 67 Theoretical Efficiency and Identified Constraints . 67 Evidence of a Frequency Shift . 68 The Langmuir Decay Instability . 71 Particle Trapping . 77 Additional Ionization . 78 vi CHAPTER V – OBSERVATIONS OF SBS AND SEAS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SRBS . 80 SBS and SEAS . 80 Experimental Conditions . 81 Anomalous Spectral Data and Analysis . 82 CHAPTER VI – INFERRING TEMPERATURE FROM INTERFEROMETRY . 92 Previous Temperature Measurements . 92 Taking Full Advantage of Interferometry Data . 93 Implications for SRBS Experiment . 101 CHAPTER VII – CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK FOR SRBS . 104 CHAPTER VIII – THE VALUE OF FUSION TECHNOLOGY . 108 STEP Project Introduction . 109 GCAM . 111 Assessing Fusion Costs . 112 GCAM Scenarios . 115 GCAM Results . 117 The “Value” of Fusion . 123 Suppression of Nuclear Fission . 126 Suppression of CCS. 129 Conclusions . 130 Chapter Appendix: Fusion-Fission Hybrids . 130 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 133
Microbial Aspect of some processed meat products with special reference to aflatoxins

This work was carried out to evaluate the microbial aspect of some processed meat products sold in local markets in Kaliobia governorate with special reference to aflatoxin. Eighty samples of random meat products, sausages and Kofta (40 of each) were purchased from different shops at Kaliobia Governorate. All examined for their microbiological criteria. All the examined samples found to be contaminated with different types of microorganisms with the mean values of 11×106 ± 5.4×106. ,and 2.04×106 ± 0.12×106 respectively for total aerobic bacterial counts; 6.7×103± 0.3×103,and 1.2×103 ±0.16×103 respectively for total coliforms;1.1x 103 ± 0.14 x 103 and 1.4 x 103 ± 0.27 x 103, respectively for total mould count;and 0.52 x 103 ± . 08 x 103 and 0.47 x 103 ± . 07 x 103 total yeast count. The incidence of mould in the examined sausage was higher than kofta samples.The average conc. of aflatoxins in sausage was 19.8±2.5a with frequency and incidence of 13 (32.5%), while in kofta was 11.5 ±3.3a with frequency and incidence of 12 (30%). Aspergillus and Penicillium species were the most prevalent species recovered from the examined meat product samples. The isolated A. flavus strains were screened for aflatoxin production. The public health significance of isolated microorganisms as well as recommended hygienic measures to keep meat products safe were discussed as the result showed that the unhygienic and poor sanitary conditions of meat products.
Open‐circuit fault diagnosis method for three‐level neutral point clamped inverter based on instantaneous frequency of phase current

Because the three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter has the advantages of a large output capacity and high output voltage, it is widely used in wind energy and solar energy power generation. Unfortunately, the three-level NPC inverter often suffers from open-circuit faults, which leads to system security problems and great economic losses. To guarantee the secure operation of the three-level NPC inverter, an open-circuit fault diagnosis method for a three-level NPC inverter based on the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the phase current is proposed here. First, different open-circuit fault signals of the NPC inverter are analysed.
Synchronization Protein-Energy Index of Various Forages for Dairy Livestock: an In Vitro Study

The present study inventoried the protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of various types of grass. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques with material 5 types of grass (elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria) and rumen fluid of the Friesian Holstein (FH). The PES index is calculated based on the average degradation of g protein and Kg organic matter (OM) per hour at the time of observation of 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. The hourly degradation rates were analyzed by linear regression to obtain the average hourly degradation rate. The results were included in the PES index calculation formula and discussed descriptively. This study found that all five grass had almost uniform nutritional value. Regression analysis results show a different equation, but with a high coefficient of determination (> 90%) on all types of grass. The PES index obtained in elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass are 0.72, 0.66, 0.69, 0.58, and 0.68. The study concluded that elephant grass has a PES index at a high level, while king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass at medium level for compiling dairy rations.
Classification from only positive and unlabeled functional data

In various fields, data recorded continuously during a time interval and curve data, such as spectral data, become common. These kinds of data can be interpreted as functional data. In this paper we have studied binary classification from only positive and unlabeled functional data (PU classification for functional data). Our first contribution is to present a simple classification algorithm for this problem. The key feature of the algorithm is that it is not required an estimation of the unknown class prior (or the constant probability that a positive object is labeled). It is worth noting that the idea of our method can be applied to kernel linear discriminant analysis for general data. Our second contribution is to prove that, under mild regularity conditions similar to those in a supervised context, the proposed algorithm can achieve perfect asymptotic classification in the context of PU classification. In fact, we show that the proposed algorithm works well not only in numerical experiments but also for real data examples. Moreover, as an important practical application, we have used the proposed algorithm to identify handball players at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury based on ground reaction force data.
Seed Oil Content, Yield and Fiber Quality Traits in Some Egyptian Cotton Genotypes

This work was done at Sakha Agricultural Research Station,during 2018 and 2019 seasons.The aim was evaluating cottonseed oil content,yield and its components and fiber traits of some Egyptian genotypes to improve seed oil content with the other economic traits during selection of new promising crosses.Eighteen extra-long staple genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications.Traits studied were:Boll weight,seed cotton,lint and seed yields,lint%,seed index,fiber fineness,strength,length,length uniformity index,seed oil content and seed oil index. Results indicated high level of variability among genotypes in all traits.Most of traits differed significantly from one year to another;genotypes x years interactions were significant for some traits.Genotypes were divided into four groups according to their oil content:high,moderately high, moderately low and low oil content.Phenotypic and genotypic variances showed wide variability in the studied traits, moderate PCV values were recorded for seed cotton, lint and seed yields, GCV showed low values in all traits, suggesting the difficulty of manipulating these traits through plant breeding. Heritability recorded high values for: lint%, fiber fineness and seed index. None of the studied traits showed high expected genetic advance under selection. Seed oil content and seed oil index showed positive significant correlation with seed index, fiber strength and length uniformity index, whereas correlation was significant negative with lint yield and lint%. The highest oil content was achieved by three genotypes "G.93 x [G.76 x (G.45 × sea Island)]", (G.93 x G.87) and Giza 92, the three genotypes might be used to improve oil content in Egyptian cottonseed.
Investigation of the surface properties of heat treated electroless Ni–P coating

Electroless nickel phosphorus (Ni–P) coatings were synthesised from an acid chloride electrolyte. The synthesised coatings were heat treated at different temperatures, and the surfaces of the heat treated coating were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Adhesion, wettability, hardness and corrosion behaviour of the coatings were measured. The surface morphology showed the formation of a nano crystalline nickel matrix under heat treated condition. X-ray diffraction analysis of the heat treated samples revealed the recrystallisation of nickel and formation of Ni3P phase in the coatings. The wettabilty study showed that the as-deposited Ni–P coating is hydrophobic and wettability increases to a maximum of 70.8° contact angle for heat treated temperature of 400°C due to nano crystalline formation. The Rockwell C adhesion test revealed the presence of micro cracks with increase in heat treatment temperature, however the failure is within the acceptability limit. The micro hardness of the Ni–P coating increased with increase in heat treatment temperature. Corrosion potential of the Ni–P coating shifted to a positive potential under heat treated conditions owing to oxidation and precipitation of Ni3P phase. Decreased corrosion rate and corrosion current density (7.37–0.21 µA cm−2) is attributed to heat treatment at 400°C.
Analysis of energy consumption using RNN-LSTM and ARIMA Model

Given the increase of smart electricity meters and the wide adoption of electricity generation technologies such as solar panels, there is a wealth of data available on the usage of electricity. This data represents a multivariate time series of variables related to power, which could in turn be used to model and even forecast future electricity usage. The Household Power Consumption dataset is a multivariate time series dataset which describes the electricity consumption over four years for a single household. They were tested to predict for a specific house and block of houses over a given period of time. Throughout the past couple of decades energy demand has increased exponentially. This increase loads the electricity distributors heavily. So forecasting future demand for electricity use would give the dealer an upper hand. Predicting the consumption of energy requires several parameters. This paper proposes two methods with one using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and another using a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network, considering only the previous consumption of electricity to estimate potential consumption of electricity. To assess the applicability of the RNN and the LSTM network to predict the electricity consumption.
Localisation algorithm for security access control in railway communications

With the dense deployment and wide applications of the Internet of Things in railway systems, the location-based security access control scheme is becoming increasingly important. In this study, the received signal strength (RSS) and channel state information (CSI) in railway communications are measured by AR9344 network interface card. Then, based on the measurement data, the authors propose trajectory-based, neural network-based (NN-based) and ray tracing-based (RT-based) localisation algorithms, serving for location-based security access control. Specifically, the trajectory-based algorithm combined with trajectory simulation, movement detection and dynamic time warping algorithms, realises passengers enter/exit pattern detection. The NN-based algorithm leverages back-propagation network (BPN) and constructs training sets with measurement-based RSS and CSI, finishing accurate localisation. Besides, they evaluate the algorithm performance under different layers of BPN. RT-based localisation algorithm combines measurement data and simulation analysis, leveraging simulated-based multiple-input multiple-output received power and delay spread to realise lightweight localisation. After evaluation, the RT-based algorithm can achieve the highest accuracy of localisation, up to 99.9% and is designed to be straightforward for integration with commercial access points and deployment to railway communications.
Screening of Bioactivity in Extracts from Different Varieties of Lettuce

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) belongs to Asteraceae family and is a widely grown and a popularly consumed vegetable worldwide cause leafy vegetables are common items in a well-balanced diet. Lettuce is low in calories, fat and sodium. It is a good source of fiber, iron, folate, vitamin C and various bioactive compounds. Lettuce is consumed in salad mixes and, as its consumption is increasing, is becoming one of most 'healthy' food. Moreover, since lettuce is generally eaten raw, more nutrients and bioactive compounds are retained compared to other vegetables that are cooked or processed, avoiding in this way the degradation of the thermolabile phytochemicals with potential nutraceutical interest. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant activities attributed to the bioactive compounds in lettuce. The healthy properties are attributed to a large supply of antioxidant compounds mainly polyphenols. As they act as free radical scavengers, both these secondary plant metabolites are fundamental to counter oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, diabetes, age-related neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. Further, various studies have investigated the effects of the polyphenolic compounds present in green lettuce, in reducing oxidative and anti-inflammatory stresses. This work aims to assess polyphenolic content, as well as related antioxidant capacity of 16 lettuce types, belonging to butterhead (var. capitata) and crisphead (var. crispa) varieties, in order to know their potential correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Results have shown lattuce an interesting and cheap source of antioxidant phenolics useful to functionalise various products.
Analogy between thermal and mass diffusion effects of a free convective flow in rectangular enclosure

In this investigation, the analogy between thermal and mass diffusive effects of a free convective ﬂow in a rectangular enclosure is emphasized. The upwind ﬁnite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations of the continuity, momentum, energy and mass transfer. The novelty in this exploration is to appropriately modify the well-known Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations (SIMPLE) algorithm so that it suits to the present problem and thereby, the new ﬂow variables such as the temperature and the concentration are computed. An empirical correlation for the average Sherwood number ( Sh ) that does not exist in literature is suggested in this work. The average Sherwood numbers for distinct ﬂuids (gases and liquids) are calculated, and mass diffusion effects within the horizontal rectangle are analyzed. The average Nusselt numbers ( Nu ) are calculated for distinct ﬂuids such as liquids ( Pr (cid:29) 1), liquid metals ( Pr (cid:28) 1) and gases ( Pr < 1) for different Rayleigh numbers in the range of 3 × 10 5 ≤ Ra L ≤ 7 × 10 9 from relevant empirical correlations existing in the literature. Accordingly, the thermal diffusion effects within the horizontal rectangle are analyzed.
Growth of vanadium oxides nanostructures by chemical vapour deposition

iv Table of contents . vi List of figure . ix List of table . xiv Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1 Background and motivation . 1 1.2 Objectives . 7 1.3 Organization of thesis . 8 Chapter 2 : Literature Review . 10 2.1 Chemical vapour deposition . 10 2.2.
Leap indices and their polynomials of the derived graph of the subdivision of certain polyphenyls

Topological indices are real (numerical) values which are associated with chemical compositions to correlate with chemical structure with different physical properties, chemical and biological activities. In this article, we computed and compaed leap Zagreb indices and leap hyper-Zagreb indices of the derived graph of the subdivision of certain polyphenyls based on the 2-distance degree of the vertices.
Highly coherent tunable mid-infrared frequency comb pumped by supercontinuum at 1 µm

We report a tunable mid-infrared frequency comb working at 184 MHz, which is based on difference frequency generation in a periodically poled Mg-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPMgSLT) crystal pumped by high-power supercontinuum pulses. Supercontinuum pulses from two fibers with different dispersion properties were examined. With a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) having normal dispersion properties, a tunable wavelength range of 2.9–4.7 µm was achieved. With another PCF having zero dispersion at 1040 nm, a maximum power of 1.34 mW was observed at 3.9 µm. The high coherence of the pulses generated with this scheme was verified experimentally, and a fringe visibility of 0.90 was observed.
A Molecular Analysis Of Prion Protein Expression In Alzheimer's Disease

In Prion Diseases, misfolding of neuronal prion protein (PrPC) to a pathogenic isomer (PrPSC) is associated with neuronal death. Previous pathological studies have demonstrated increased immunoreactivity of PrPC at Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's Disease, and it has been suggested that this either reflects a role for PrPC in the neuronal response to stress or is a feature of the neuropathogenesis of atypical subtypes of Alzheimer's disease. In this paper we utilised western blotting to examine the molecular characteristics of PrP in frozen Hippocampal tissue from 7 cases of Alzheimer's Disease in which prion protein expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, before using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methodology to define the genotype of the codon 129 polymorphism of PRNP in each case. We observed PrP accumulating as globular structures at A plaques, and within ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricle. Immunohistochemistry also showed that PrPC and Superoxide dismutase-1 where deposited in a similar pattern at Aβ plaques. Western blotting revealed that PrP in Alzheimer's disease is composed of the same 208-residue peptide expressed in non-diseased brain. Quantitative western blot analysis demonstrated increased levels of PrPC in a short duration case of Alzheimer's Disease, while, in the remaining cases, levels of PrPC decreased in parallel with increasing disease duration and decreasing brain mass. RFLP genotyping revealed that all codon 129 genotypes (M/M, M/V, V/V) were represented in our study cohort. Our data suggest that increased levels of PrPC may account for PrP immunoreactivity at plaques in Alzheimer's disease, and that PrP deposition is not restricted to certain atypical subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.
Paving the way for solution‐ processable perovskite lasers

Trihalide perovskites have been studied quite extensively as light-harvesting media in photovoltaic devices and have shown a peculiar blend of optoelectronic properties, particularly remarkable carrier mobilities, diffusion lengths comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and band gap tuneability. Only limited research effort, though, has been devoted so far to leveraging such properties for light emission, and many related processes remain unclear. Here, we identify organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites as promising candidates for replacing a variety of raw materials at risk of supply shortage, currently used in manufacturing gain media for commercial lasers. We investigate the dynamics of light emission by transient photoluminescence spectroscopy and on the grounds of our findings we identify the challenges ahead on the way to engineering perovskite-based lasers. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fault classifications of MV transmission lines connected to wind farms using non‐intrusive fault monitoring techniques on HV utility side

: The fault classification of medium-voltage transmission lines consisting of wind farms connected to the high-voltage (HV) transmission networks is carried out using the power-spectrum-based hyperbolic S-transform (HST) powerful technique for analysing non-linear and non-stationary fault signals through the non-intrusive monitoring systems. The HST technique extracts the useful features in the time-frequency domain from measuring fault current waveforms of the HV utility side to discriminate the fault types. Parseval's theorem is applied to each HST coefficient to quantify the energy distribution of various fault types for reducing the size of inputs for recognition algorithms. Next, multiclass support vector machines achieve identification. The results have proved that the proposed classification technique is independent of fault resistance, source impedance, and fault inception angles. Extensive simulations are conducted using the electromagnetic transients program to show that the recognition accuracy of the fault classification for all types is up to 96.84%.
Reverse Inter-Generational Information Transmission: A Study of Hand Sanitizer Gel in Cambodia

We conduct a field experiment to study information transmission from children to their parents. We aim to promote the usage of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, by teaching children its benefits and then test whether (i) information has been transmitted and (ii) information has an impact on the decision to purchase the hand gel. Moreover, in addition to a lecture on the benefits of the hand gel, our intervention implements a hands-on experience where children actually use the hand gel. We show that the average treatment e↵ect of our intervention is positive on parents’ information, thus information is transmitted. Moreover, we use an instrumental variable approach to show that higher information implies a higher probability to purchase more hand gel.
Mejora del lead time y productividad en el proceso Armado de pizzas aplicando herramientas de Lean Manufacturing

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mejorar los niveles de lead time y productividad en el proceso armado de pizzas en una mediana empresa, utilizando herramientas de lean manufacturing para implementar un método de trabajo que elimine los desperdicios o actividades que no agregaban valor al proceso. Los resultados mostraron una reducción del lead time del proceso en 99 % y un incremento de la productividad hasta en 20 % respecto de la situación inicial. Se constató que las herramientas implementadas, como la gráfica de equilibrio, las 5S o la manufactura celular permitieron eliminar los desperdicios encontrados en el proceso.
Caracterização de uma câmara de ionização de ar livre para baixas energias Characterization of a free air ionization chamber for low energies

Free air ionization chambers are used by most primary metrology laboratories as primary standards of the quantities air kerma and exposure in X-ray beams. The free air ionization chamber for low energies of the Calibration Laboratory (LCI) of IPEN showed in a characterization test a problem in the set responsible for the variation of its sensitive volume. After a modification in the support of the micrometers used for the movement of the internal cylinder and the establishment of a new alignment system protocol, the tests were redone. The objective of this work was to present the results obtained in the new condition.