Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid modified MPEG-b-PAE block copolymer aqueous micelles for efficient ophthalmic drug delivery of hydrophobic genistein

Abstract The ophthalmic drug delivery is a challenge in the clinical treatment of ocular diseases. The traditional drug administration usually shows apparent limitations, such as the low bioavailability from the reason of low penetration of the cornea and the short survival time of drug in the eyes. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose an amphiphilic polymer micelle modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) for high efficient ophthalmic delivery of genistein, a widely used hydrophobic drug for treatment of ocular angiogenesis. The MPEG-b-PAE copolymer was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction, and the final drug carrier MPEG-b-PAE-g-HA was obtained by the process of esterification. Then, genistein was packaged in this drug carrier, getting the final micelles with size of about 84.5 nm. The cell viability tests showed that the micelles take no obvious cytotoxicity to the human cornea epithelium cells. The functionalities of drug slow release and cornea penetration ability were demonstrated in a series ex vivo experiments. Further, the vascular inhibition test illustrated that the micelles could significantly inhibit the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results indicate that the constructed polymer has high feasibility to be used as drug carrier in the treatment of ocular diseases.
Off the Charts: Medical documentation and selective redaction in the age of transparency

abstract:A growing demand for transparency in medicine has the potential to strain the doctor-patient relationship. While information can empower patients, unrestricted patient access to the electronic medical record may have unintended consequences. Medical documentation is often written in language that is inaccessible to people without medical training, and without guidance, patients have no way to interpret the constellation of acronyms, diagnoses, treatments, impressions, and arguments that appear throughout their own chart. Additionally, full transparency may not allow physicians the intellectual or clinical freedom they need to authentically express questions, problematic impressions, and concerns about the patient's clinical and psychosocial issues. This article examines the ethical challenges of transparency in the digital era and suggests that selective redaction may serve as a means to maintain transparency, affirm physician's discretion, and uphold the core values of the doctor-patient relationship amidst disruptive technological change.
A high-throughput method for controlled hot-spot fabrication in SERS-active gold nanoparticle dimer arrays

We present a high-throughput method for fabricating large arrays of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active gold dimers. Using a large-area/low-cost nanopatterning method in conjunction with a meniscus force deposition technique, we were able to create large arrays of uniformly spaced nanoclusters comprising two 60-nm gold nanospheres. Raman measurements of a thiophenol monolayer deposited on smaller scale arrays of aligned dimers yielded enhancement factors as high as 10(9). Polarization-control led measurements show spectral peak heights to be 10-100 times smaller when the incident beam is polarized perpendicularly to the dimer axis, confirming that the measured enhancements arise from the 'hot spots' between the two nanospheres. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ye movement correlates of acquired central dyslexia erstin

Based on recent progress in theory and measurement techniques, the analysis of eye movements has become one of the major methodological tools in experimental reading research. Our work uses this approach to advance the understanding of impaired information processing in acquired central dyslexia of stroke patients with aphasia. Up to now there has been no research attempting to analyze both wordbased viewing time measures and local fixation patterns in dyslexic readers. The goal of the study was to find out whether specific eye movement parameters reflect pathologically preferred segmental reading in contrast to lexical reading. We compared oral reading of single words of normal controls (n = 11) with six aphasic participants (two cases of deep, surface and residual dyslexia each). Participants were asked to read aloud lines of target words differing in length and frequency. Segmental reading was characterized by deviant spatial distribution of saccadic landing positions with initial fixations located mainly at the beginning of the word, while lexical readers showed the normative ‘preferred landing positions’ left to the center of the words. Contrary to expectation, word length did not distinguish between segmental and lexical readers, while word frequency showed the expected effect for lexical readers only. Their mean fixation duration was already prolonged during first pass reading reflecting their attempts of immediate access to lexical information. After first pass reading, re-reading time was significantly increased in all participants with acquired central dyslexia due to their exceedingly higher monitoring demands for oral reading.
Let Us Tell You a fAIble: Content Generation through Graph-Based Cognition

In this work we present fAIble: a novel graph-based modular storytelling framework. fAIble is centered around a graph database, incorporates invariable elements of folktale structure, while accounting for thoughts and actions. Action outcomes are a product of probabilistic story generation. Probabilities are based on elements of common sense, invariable elements of folktale structure, high-level character roles, and a wide variety of other variables (e.g. characters’ physical and psychological traits, context-based likelihood of encountering specific items and characters, etc.). A prototype implementation is tested through an anonymous questionnaire. Results demonstrate the ability of graph-based cognition to produce coherent story prototypes with sensible character actions, while maintaining output variability.
Modeling Child–Nature Interaction in a Nature Preschool: A Proof of Concept

This article provides a proof of concept for an approach to modeling child–nature interaction based on the idea of interaction patterns: characterizations of essential features of interaction between humans and nature, specified abstractly enough such that countless different instantiations of each one can occur – in more domestic or wild forms – given different types of nature, people, and purposes. The model draws from constructivist psychology, ecological psychology, and evolutionary psychology, and is grounded in observational data collected through a time-sampling methodology at a nature preschool. Through using a nature language that emphasizes ontogenetic and phylogenetic significance, seven keystone interaction patterns are described for this nature preschool: using one’s body vigorously in nature, striking wood on wood, constructing shelter, being in solitude in nature, lying on earth, cohabiting with a wild animal, and being outside in weather. These 7 interactions patterns are then brought together with 13 other patterns published elsewhere to provide a total of 20 keystone interaction patterns that begin to fill out the model, and to show its promise. Discussion focuses on what the model aims to be in terms of both product and process, on what work the model can currently do, and how to further develop the model.
An Approach to Scoring and Equating Tests With Binary Items

This article describes an approach to test scoring, referred to as delta scoring (D-scoring), for tests with dichotomously scored items. The D-scoring uses information from item response theory (IRT) calibration to facilitate computations and interpretations in the context of large-scale assessments. The D-score is computed from the examinee’s response vector, which is weighted by the expected difficulties (not “easiness”) of the test items. The expected difficulty of each item is obtained as an analytic function of its IRT parameters. The D-scores are independent of the sample of test-takers as they are based on expected item difficulties. It is shown that the D-scale performs a good bit better than the IRT logit scale by criteria of scale intervalness. To equate D-scales, it is sufficient to rescale the item parameters, thus avoiding tedious and error-prone procedures of mapping test characteristic curves under the method of IRT true score equating, which is often used in the practice of large-scale testing. The proposed D-scaling proved promising under its current piloting with large-scale assessments and the hope is that it can efficiently complement IRT procedures in the practice of large-scale testing in the field of education and psychology.
The Targeted Sequencing of Alpha Satellite DNA in Cercopithecus pogonias Provides New Insight Into the Diversity and Dynamics of Centromeric Repeats in Old World Monkeys

Abstract Alpha satellite is the major repeated DNA element of primate centromeres. Specific evolutionary mechanisms have led to a great diversity of sequence families with peculiar genomic organization and distribution, which have till now been studied mostly in great apes. Using high throughput sequencing of alpha satellite monomers obtained by enzymatic digestion followed by computational and cytogenetic analysis, we compare here the diversity and genomic distribution of alpha satellite DNA in two related Old World monkey species, Cercopithecus pogonias and Cercopithecus solatus, which are known to have diverged about 7 Ma. Two main families of monomers, called C1 and C2, are found in both species. A detailed analysis of our data sets revealed the existence of numerous subfamilies within the centromeric C1 family. Although the most abundant subfamily is conserved between both species, our fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments clearly show that some subfamilies are specific for each species and that their distribution is restricted to a subset of chromosomes, thereby pointing to the existence of recurrent amplification/homogenization events. The pericentromeric C2 family is very abundant on the short arm of all acrocentric chromosomes in both species, pointing to specific mechanisms that lead to this distribution. Results obtained using two different restriction enzymes are fully consistent with a predominant monomeric organization of alpha satellite DNA that coexists with higher order organization patterns in the C. pogonias genome. Our study suggests a high dynamics of alpha satellite DNA in Cercopithecini, with recurrent apparition of new sequence variants and interchromosomal sequence transfer.
Converged Recommendation System Based on RNN and BP Neural Networks

Recommendation systems based on rating prediction model didn't consider temporal context and recurrent pattern. And past user behavior analysis didn't simultaneously consider long-term behavior, short-term behavior, and behavior with popular elements. In this paper, we propose a new model RNN-BPNNCM to predict user's next consumption behavior and then we recommend predicted item to the user. First, we use recurrent neural networks to analyze three kinds of behavior sequences to figure out three kinds of probabilities for every possible item. Then we use back propagation neural networks to figure out final probability. Finally, we take the top items with highest final probabilities as items that user will most likely consume next time and we recommend them to the user. RNN-BPNNCM solves the above problems of temporal context, recurrent pattern, and multiple user behaviors. Experiment shows RNN-BPNNCM more accurately predict the user's next consumption behavior and has more excellent performance for recommendation systems.
CSReader at SemEval-2018 Task 11: Multiple Choice Question Answering as Textual Entailment

In this document we present an end-to-end machine reading comprehension system that solves multiple choice questions with a textual entailment perspective. Since some of the knowledge required is not explicitly mentioned in the text, we try to exploit commonsense knowledge by using pretrained word embeddings during contextual embeddings and by dynamically generating a weighted representation of related script knowledge. In the model two kinds of prediction structure are ensembled, and the final accuracy of our system is 10 percent higher than the naiive baseline.
Multi-omic molecular profiling of lung cancer in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a known risk factor for developing lung cancer but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesise that the COPD stroma contains molecular mechanisms supporting tumourigenesis. We conducted an unbiased multi-omic analysis to identify gene expression patterns that distinguish COPD stroma in patients with or without lung cancer. We obtained lung tissue from patients with COPD and lung cancer (tumour and adjacent non-malignant tissue) and those with COPD without lung cancer for profiling of proteomic and mRNA (both cytoplasmic and polyribosomal). We used the Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE) method to integrate and analyse across the three datasets. JIVE identified eight latent patterns that robustly distinguished and separated the three groups of tissue samples (tumour, adjacent and control). Predictive variables that associated with the tumour, compared to adjacent stroma, were mainly represented in the transcriptomic data, whereas predictive variables associated with adjacent tissue, compared to controls, were represented at the translatomic level. Pathway analysis revealed extracellular matrix and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase–protein kinase B signalling pathways as important signals in the tumour adjacent stroma. The multi-omic approach distinguishes tumour adjacent stroma in lung cancer and reveals two stromal expression patterns associated with cancer. A multi-omic approach identified gene expression programmes distinguishing COPD lung stroma associated with lung cancer http://ow.ly/j1Da30jWH1X
lux measure ents as indices of metal effects on freshwater fish

The gills are the principal site for uptake and losses of major body electrolytes, acid-base equivalents, ammonia, respiratory gases, and many waterborne contaminants in freshwater fish. Measurements or lnese fluxes offer a powerful tool for assessing the toxic effects of extreme water pH’s and dissolved metals. Advantages of the Rux approach over conventional methods based on blood or tissue sampling include: (i) 10-400-fold greater sensitivity; (ii) non-invasiveness: (iii) simplicity and applicability to field work; and (iv) measurements made at the site of toxic action (the branchial epithelium). Limitations of the approach include: (i) changes in water quality during the flux determination; (ii) extra-branchial routes of flux: and (iii) adsorption and precipitation phenomena Icading to artifactual flux values. Current ideas on the mechanisms of 0,. CO? , Na’. Cl-. Ca”, K’. acid-base equivalent. and ammonia fluxes across the gills are reviewed, together with the actions of low pH. high PH. and metals (Al. Cu. Cd. La, Zn. Hg, Mn) on these fluxes. Recent kinetic analyses sf ! ux r+*’ --. ,clnrru~lship~ tire described which provide new information on the mechanism(s) of toxicant action.
Study of various plasma diagnostic techniques with microwave reflectometry data processing parameters

This paper focuses on the Microwave reflectometry for the Ka-band (26.5 GHz-40 GHz) developed for measuring the electron density profile of the plasma. The beat frequency has to be estimated for measuring the density profile of the plasma. Along with this, different techniques for electron density measurement have been explained in this paper. The results of the beat frequency estimation and the way they have been obtained are all demonstrated in a systematic manner. Also the DAQ parameters have been selected accordingly.
On incremental deployability

Motivated by the difficulty of effecting fundamental change in the architecture of the Internet, in this paper, we study from a theoretical perspective the question of how individuals can join forces toward collective ventures. To that end, we draw on an elementary concept in Internet systems engineering, namely, that of incremental deployability, which we study mathematically and computationally. For example, we show that incremental deployability is at least as general a concept as the Nash equilibrium (in that the latter can be derived from the former). We then draw on this foundation to design and analyze institutional mechanisms that are not only promising to bootstrap emerging Internet architectures but they also have broader applications in social organization beyond its predominant market (and finance)-based character.
Study and comparison of different sensitivity models for a two-plane Compton camera

Given the strong variations in the sensitivity of Compton cameras for the detection of events originating from different points in the field of view (FoV), sensitivity correction is often necessary in Compton image reconstruction. Several approaches for the calculation of the sensitivity matrix have been proposed in the literature. While most of these models are easily implemented and can be useful in many cases, they usually assume high angular coverage over the scattered photon, which is not the case for our prototype. In this work, we have derived an analytical model that allows us to calculate a detailed sensitivity matrix, which has been compared to other sensitivity models in the literature. Specifically, the proposed model describes the probability of measuring a useful event in a two-plane Compton camera, including the most relevant physical processes involved. The model has been used to obtain an expression for the system and sensitivity matrices for iterative image reconstruction. These matrices have been validated taking Monte Carlo simulations as a reference. In order to study the impact of the sensitivity, images reconstructed with our sensitivity model and with other models have been compared. Images have been reconstructed from several simulated sources, including point-like sources and extended distributions of activity, and also from experimental data measured with 22Na sources. Results show that our sensitivity model is the best suited for our prototype. Although other models in the literature perform successfully in many scenarios, they are not applicable in all the geometrical configurations of interest for our system. In general, our model allows to effectively recover the intensity of point-like sources at different positions in the FoV and to reconstruct regions of homogeneous activity with minimal variance. Moreover, it can be employed for all Compton camera configurations, including those with low angular coverage over the scatterer.
A G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor recognizes lipopolysaccharide for bacterial phagocytosis

Phagocytes locate microorganisms via chemotaxis and then consume them using phagocytosis. Dictyostelium amoebas are stereotypical phagocytes that prey on diverse bacteria using both processes. However, as typical phagocytic receptors, such as complement receptors or Fcγ receptors, have not been found in Dictyostelium, it remains mysterious how these cells recognize bacteria. Here, we show that a single G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), folic acid receptor 1 (fAR1), simultaneously recognizes the chemoattractant folate and the phagocytic cue lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of bacterial surfaces. Cells lacking fAR1 or its cognate G-proteins are defective in chemotaxis toward folate and phagocytosis of Klebsiella aerogenes. Computational simulations combined with experiments show that responses associated with chemotaxis can also promote engulfment of particles coated with chemoattractants. Finally, the extracellular Venus-Flytrap (VFT) domain of fAR1 acts as the binding site for both folate and LPS. Thus, fAR1 represents a new member of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and mediates signaling from both bacterial surfaces and diffusible chemoattractants to reorganize actin for chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
The IBM Systems for Entity Discovery and Linking at TAC 2017

CRF Model The CRF model is a linear-chain CRF model of size 1 (the previous tag is used in features), using a multitude of features including words in context, capitalization flags, various entity dictionaries, both supervised (lists extracted from the ACE’05 data, the CoNLL’03 data, etc) and unsupervised (the system output on Gigaword), word clustering (Brown clusters), cache features, word length and IDF.
Mentoring for early-career women in health research: the HIGHER Women Consortium approach

Attracting and retaining women in health research is crucial as it will maximize creativity and innovation as well as increase gender competency and expertise in the field. To help address the gender gap in the research for health field in Cameroon, some women research scientists formed the Higher Institute for Growth in HEalth Research for Women (HIGHER Women) consortium to support and encourage the growth of women research scientists through a training institute with a Mentor–Protégé Program (MPP). The consortium set up a MPP aiming at providing professional guidance to facilitate protégés' growth and emergence in health research. The consortium has conducted two workshops aiming at increasing the early-career women's skills needed to launch their career and focusing on proposal writing with the aim of producing a fundable project. Since 2015, the consortium has brought together approximately 100 women comprising of 80 protégés. The most significant outcome is in the protégés' feedback from their annual evaluations. The protégés are now more likely to submit abstracts and attend international conferences. Some grants have been obtained as a result of the working relationship with mentors. The HIGHER women consortium works to develop a pipeline of women leaders in health research by fostering growth and leadership culture through their MPP.
The Relationships Among Isolated Muscle Strengths And Ratio , Balance And Quality of Life in The Elderly

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between of Musculus Quadriceps Femoris (MQF) and Hamstring (HST) muscle strengths and ratios, balance, falling number and quality of life of elderly people. Materials and Method: Socio-demographic information were recorded. Muscle strength was assessed by isokinetic dynamometer. Static-dynamic balance tests were performed. Both muscle strength and balance tests were applied three times in following three weeks. Falling numbers during the last one year were recorded, too. Quality of life was determined by World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old module. Results: Eighty five men and 87 women elderly whose mean ages 68.84±4.26 years were included study. Significant correlations were found between static-dynamic balance, falling numbers and MQF-HST muscle strengths at 60o/sec and at 180o/sec angular velocity (p<0.05). Also, MQF and HST Ratio (QHR) was determined correlations with static-dynamic balance and number of falls at 60o/sec (p<0.05). At 180o/sec angular velocity, it wasn’t found relationship between QHR and static balance (p=0.778), but correlation were found between QHR, dynamic balance and falling numbers (p<0.05). conclusion: This study has indicated important relationships between MQF-HST muscle strength, QHR, falling number and balance problems in geriatrics. We may say that QHR, balance status and falling numbers, are predictors of fall. So, it is advisable that to improve balance, reduce falling numbers as a result to increase quality of life level, isolated MQF and HST strengths and their ratio should be evaluated in elderly people.