Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tunable Multi-Wavelength Bright-Dark and Dark-Bright Pulse Pairs Fiber Lasers

We have experimentally demonstrated tunable multi-wavelength bright-dark and dark-bright pulse pairs in an all normal dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser (YDFL) with a long cavity configuration. By carefully adjusting the pump power and the polarization state, bright-dark pulse pairs could be converted into dark-bright pulse pairs at the same wavelength. The comb filter provided by the tapered fiber facilitated the formation of the multi-wavelength pulses. And the wavelength-tunable for both bright-dark pulse pairs and dark-bright pulse pairs could be achieved by using a tapered fiber and rotatable polarization controller in the cavity to control the cavity losses. The tunable ranges were 14 nm and 4 nm with wavelength spacings of ∼3.5 nm and ∼3.7 nm for dual-wavelength pulse pairs and triple-wavelength pulse pairs, respectively.
Trajectory control of a quadrotor carrying a cable-suspended load

In this paper, the problem of controlling the trajectory motion of a quadrotor with a suspended load is considered. Using the Lagrange equations of the second kind, the equations of motion of the quadrotor-load system in three-dimensional space are obtained. The authors propose a control algorithm based on stable differential equations describing transients according to the mismatch of current and target coordinates. The effectiveness of the algorithm is confirmed by the results of numerical modeling.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Collaboration Networks for Free Software Development Projects

—Several recent papers apply social network analysis techniques to study software development practices in free software projects. We demonstrate serious, previously-unreported methodological issues with a recently-published work on software development collaboration networks, showing that its network construction process suffered from serious sources of error. Research on collaboration networks must be more carefully considered in order to avoid arriving at invalid results due to the effects of errors and conﬁrmation bias
Insights from East Africa

• Disruption has varied impacts on actors within value chains, with actors like farmers and women experiencing disruption in a different way to multinational companies. We create a new heuristic framework combining the 3Cs and the disruption scale to understand different types of disruption. This will allow policy-makers to classify the disruptive potential of a technology accurately and to provide targeted policy support.
Measures of gene expression for affymetrix high density oligonucleotide arrays

High density oligonucleotide expression array technology is widely used in many areas of biomedical research for quantitative and highly parallel measurements of gene expression. In Affymetrix GeneChip array technology, each gene is typically represented by a set of 11-20 pairs of oligonucleotides, separately referred to as probes, arrayed on a silicon chip. After chip measurements are preprocessed, a fluorescence intensity value for each probe is obtained. A necessary step for defining a measure of expression (ME) is to summarize the probe intensities for a given gene. In this paper, we review the ideas that motivate a sum-mary statistic, referred to as the robust multi-array average (RMA) 9 that improves the default Affymetrix approach and provides substantial benefits to users of the GeneChip technology.
Collecting Spatial Information for Locations in Text-to-Scene Systems

WordsEye [4, 5] is a text-to-scene conversion system that receives a text description of a picture from the user via its online interface and converts it into a 3D scene. The core of WordsEye is VigNet, a unified knowledge base and representational system for expressing lexical and real-world knowledge needed to depict scenes from text [3]. In particular, VigNet contains the knowledge needed to map the objects and locations specified in a text into the actual 3D objects [8, 7]. Individual objects (e.g. a chair) typically correspond to single 3D models, but locations (e.g. a living room) are typically composed of several individual objects, and those objects have a typical spatial relation. Prototypical mappings from locations to objects and the spatial relations of those objects are called location vignettes [9, 10]. Existing lexical and common sense knowledge resources such as WordNet [6], FrameNet [1], and OpenMind [11] do not contain the spatial and semantic information required to construct location vignettes (for a discussion see [7]), so we need to build our own lexical resource. One of the well-known approaches for building lexical resources is extracting lexical relations from large text corpora. Directly relevant to this paper is a work by Sproat [12], which attempts to extract canonical locations of actions from text corpora. This approach provides useful information, but the extracted data is noisy and requires hand editing. Furthermore, much of the information that we are looking for is common-sense knowledge that is taken for granted by human beings and is not explicitly stated in corpora. Although structured corpora like Wikipedia do mention associated objects, they are often incomplete [7]. In this paper we investigate using Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) for building our own domain specific corpus and locations vignettes.
Continuous and Interactive Factual Knowledge Learning in Veriﬁcation Dialogues

Knowledge bases (KBs) used in applications such as dialogue systems need to be continuously expanded in order to serve the users well. This process is known as knowledge base completion (KBC). A piece of knowledge or a fact is often represented as a triple ( s, r, t ) , meaning that the entity s and the entity t have the relation r or are linked by r . KBC builds a model to infer missing facts from the existing ones in a given KB. Existing KBC research typically makes the closed-world assumption that to infer a new fact ( s, r, t ) , it assumes that s , r and t are already in the KB, but are not linked. Clearly, this assumption is a serious limitation. In this paper, we eliminate this assumption and allow s , r and/or t to be unknown to the KB, which we call open-world knowledge base completion (OKBC). We focus on solving OKBC via user interactions, which enables the proposed system to potentially serve as an engine for learning new knowledge during dialogue. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Staphylococcus aureus a Gram-positive Coccid Bacterium CausingMicrobial Infections, and Toxins Symptoms Including Food Poisoning

Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous of all of the many common Staphylococcal species. These gram-positive, sphereshaped bacteria causing to human skin infections, pneumonia, heart valve infections and bone infections. In addition, it is a foodborne pathogen contaminates foods and secrete heat-stable enterotoxins causing food poisoning and illness. Staphylococcus food poisoning is characterized by a sudden start of nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and most people have diarrhea. Symptoms usually develop within 30 minutes to 8 hours after eating or drinking an item containing the bacteria toxins. Symptoms usually last no longer than one day, and severe illness is very rare. The incidence of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) has increased recently significantly and became a leading cause of bloodstream infections due to the emerging methicillin resistant S. aureus (MSRA). This MSRA poses a clinical challenge as antibiotics resistant strain infections with a worse patient outcome compared to the infection by methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The antibiotic vancomycin is the only efficient antibiotic for the treatment of MSRA infections. The increasing incidence of emerging antibiotic vancomycin resistance S. aureus became very serious microbial pathogen and increase the need for developing new antibiotics or immunotherapy against the infection by the emerging S. aureus multidrug-resistant (superbug SA) for patient’s treatment, and also increase the need in developing vaccines to protect human from these serous S. aureus infections.
Xerostomia

(1) Background: Xerostomia is a subjective symptom of dry mouth resulting from various causes, including side effects of medication, systemic disorders, radiation, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Recently, the number of patients afflicted with xerostomia has increased due to an increase in the elderly population and patients on medication. ; (2) Methods: A systematic approach is required to determine the etiology and management of xerostomia. This review summarizes recent literatures on the diagnosis and management of xerostomia. ; (3) Results: A patient with xerostomia experiences difficulty in chewing, swallowing, speaking, tasting, and maintaining oral hygiene. Xerostomia and hyposalivation are uncomfortable side-effects in many patients. Assessing the function of the salivary gland is essential for selecting an appropriate treatment, improving symptoms, and preventing oral complications. Also, a more systematic approach is required to differentiate the subjective symptoms of the patient from the objective hyposalivation. ; and (4) Conclusions: Although there is no standardized treatment for xerostomia, doctors need to endeavor and adapt the various treatments of xerostomia, to unearth the optimal treatment required for the patient.
Fish species classiﬁcation in underwater video monitoring using Convolutional Neural Networks

This report presents a case study for automatic ﬁsh species classiﬁcation in under-water video monitoring of ﬁsh passes. Although the presented approach is based on the FishCam monitoring system, it can be used with any video-based monitoring system. The presented classiﬁcation scheme in this study, is based on Convolutional Neural Networks that do not require the calculation of any hand-engineered image features. Instead, these networks use the raw video image as input. Additionally, this study investigates, if the classiﬁcation accuracy can be increased by adding additional meta-information (date of migration and ﬁsh length) to the network. The approach is tested on a subset of 10 ﬁsh species (8099 individuals) occurring in Austrian river. On an independent test set, the presented approach achieves a classiﬁcation accuracy of 93 %.
Learning to suspend implicated contrast

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The Na2−nHn[Zr(Si2O7)]∙mH2O Minerals and Related Compounds (n = 0–0.5; m = 0.1): Structure Refinement, Framework Topology, and Possible Na+-Ion Migration Paths

The Na2−nHn[Zr(Si2O7)]∙mH2O family of minerals and related compounds (n = 0–0.5; m = 0.1) consist of keldyshite, Na3H[Zr2(Si2O7)2], and parakeldyshite, Na2[Zr(Si2O7)], and synthetic Na2[Zr(Si2O7)]∙H2O. The crystal structures of these materials are based upon microporous heteropolyhedral frameworks formed by linkage of Si2O7 groups and ZrO6 octahedra with internal channels occupied by Na+ cations and H2O molecules. The members of the family have been studied by the combination of theoretical (geometrical–topological analysis, Voronoi migration map calculation, structural complexity calculation), and empirical methods (single-crystal X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis, and Raman spectroscopy for parakeldyshite). It was found that keldyshite and parakeldyshite have the same fsh topology, while Na2ZrSi2O7∙H2O is different and has the xat topology. The microporous heteropolyhedral frameworks in these materials have a 2-D system of channels suitable for the Na+-ion migration. The crystal structure of keldyshite can be derived from that of parakeldyshite by the Na+ + O2− ↔ OH− + □ substitution mechanism, widespread in the postcrystallization processes in hyperagpaitic rocks.
CrossTalk: Speculative Data Leaks Across Cores Are Real

Recent transient execution attacks have demonstrated that attackers may leak sensitive information across security boundaries on a shared CPU core. Up until now, it seemed possible to prevent this by isolating potential victims and attackers on separate cores. In this paper, we show that the situation is more serious, as transient execution attacks can leak data across different cores on many modern Intel CPUs.We do so by investigating the behavior of x86 instructions, and in particular, we focus on complex microcoded instructions which perform offcore requests. Combined with transient execution vulnerabilities such as Micro-architectural Data Sampling (MDS), these operations can reveal internal CPU state. Using performance counters, we build a profiler, CROSSTALK, to examine the number and nature of such operations for many x86 instructions, and find that some instructions read data from a staging buffer which is shared between all CPU cores.To demonstrate the security impact of this behavior, we present the first cross-core attack using transient execution, showing that even the seemingly-innocuous CPUID instruction can be used by attackers to sample the entire staging buffer containing sensitive data – most importantly, output from the hardware random number generator (RNG) – across cores. We show that this can be exploited in practice to attack SGX enclaves running on a completely different core, where an attacker can control leakage using practical performance degradation attacks, and demonstrate that we can successfully determine enclave private keys. Since existing mitigations which rely on spatial or temporal partitioning are largely ineffective to prevent our proposed attack, we also discuss potential new mitigation techniques.
Carbon balance in grapevines under different soil water supply: importance of whole plant respiration

Background and Aims: Net carbon gain commonly estimated from leaf photosynthesis measurements often overestimates grapevine production. This is usually attributed to canopy complexity and a lack of plant respiration data. The present study evaluates the significance of plant respiration in correcting this overestimation. Methods and Results: Non-grafted and non-productive young plants of four grapevine varieties were grown either under irrigation or controlled water stress for 30 days. Daily time courses of leaf photosynthesis and transpiration were determined along with measurements of leaf, stem and root respiration, from which whole plant carbon balance was estimated. Up to 30‐60% of carbon obtained by photosynthesis is used in respiration, with root respiration being the largest user of fixed carbon (up to 75%). Conclusions: Whole plant respiration represents a significant part of total carbon balance and accounts for the largest part of the discrepancy between photosynthesis-based estimates of plant production and actual plant production. Significance of the Study: The present study presents a quantitative evaluation of the importance of plant respiration in grapevine carbon balance and biomass production, highlighting that gas exchange studies aiming predict plant production should include estimates of respiration, especially of roots. Abbreviations AN net photosynthesis; AN/E instantaneous water use efficiency; AN/gs intrinsic water use efficiency; ANmax maximum leaf photosynthesis rate; E leaf transpiration rate; gs stomatal conductance; IRGA infrared gas analyzers; PB plant biomass; PCB plant carbon balance; RDleaf leaf dark respiration; Rroot root respiration; Rstem stem respiration; SWC soil water content; TBI total biomass increment; TDR Time Domain Reflectometry; d 13 C carbon isotope ratio; YMD midday leaf water potential.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Supplementation on Growth Performance, Morphological Indexes, Antioxidant Status and Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on growth performance, antioxidant status and morphological indexes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae was also assessed based on a 192h challenge experiment after feeding trial. Fish (initial mean weight 4.05±0.05g) were held in 21 tanks (volume 300L, 30 fish/tank), with triplicate treatment groups being fed to apparent satiation three times each day on practical diets adding different levels of MOLM (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2, 5, 10 and 20%). Sampling procedure was performed after 24h of fasting. Growth metrics showed no significant differences among groups. Whole-body lipid content, viscerosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio were decreased as dietary MOLM levels increasing. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and reduced glutathione content (GSH) were significantly influenced by MOLM. Moreover, the lowest cumulative mortality rate (CMR) after challenge experiment was noted in 10% group. Based on CMR and quadratic regression analysis of liver GSH content, it was concluded that dietary MOLM levels of 8.15-10.00% may be beneficial for enhancing resistance to S. agalactiae infection. Our results suggest that the maximum additive amount of MOLM reached 20% under the condition of the present study.
Point of Care Haemoglobin Estimation

The prevalence of anemia in India is still unacceptably high at 53.1 % in non-pregnant women, 50.3% in pregnant women, 58.4% in children 6 months and 22.7% in adult men(1) and remains a major public health problem. For screening, tracking as well as monitoring the progress of anemia in both in primary and community health care for public health programs, hemoglobin needs to be estimated accurately.
Security Promises and Vulnerabilities in Emerging Reconfigurable Nanotechnology-Based Circuits

Reconfigurable field-effect transistors (RFETs) based on emerging nanotechnologies allow switching between p-type and n-type behavior at runtime upon applying different bias potentials. While prior works have focused on particular security schemes using RFETs, here we first revisit the underlying security promises, and further showcase specific circuit vulnerabilities which can lead to adversarial scenarios. More specifically, first, we explore how transistor-level reconfigurability can be leveraged for logic locking and split manufacturing in the pretext of RFET-based modeling of the ITC-99 benchmarks. We find that with only 30 percent reconfigurable logic gates, we can induce a 100 percent output error rate (OER) and 31 percent Hamming distance (HD) on split manufacturing schemes. Second, arguably more disruptive, we explore how the very reconfigurability can be exploited to induce either short-circuit currents or open-circuit configurations, essentially destroying the reliability as well as electrical or functional characteristics of the chip. We apply detailed circuit evaluation and fault modeling toward this end. The novelty and severity of such disruptive scenarios lie in the fact that they can be readily realized in an actual on-field RFET-based chip, either as an adversarial or a fail-safe measure.
Use of East Asian materials and techniques on papyrus: Inspiration and adaptation

In our practice of papyrus restoration, we have been able to establish a connection between Japan and Egypt through the use of East Asian materials and techniques. Egyptian scribes made a writing support that is not technically paper but which has the same function, form and essentially cellulosic nature. Restoration of these exceptional documents requires an appropriate approach, different from that applied to occidental paper. The material has lost its suppleness, suffers from various alterations and has often undergone restorations that are unfortunate because they were unsuitable. This paper presents the profitable use that has been made of gampi-based paper combined with glue made from funori algae for producing facing and with starch glue for consolidation. In the framework of research concerning papyrus-making processes still underway, the discovery of Asian papermaking techniques is of particular importance. We are particularly interested in the techniques of making scrolls from sheets, pounding techniques and the techniques of cutting pith paper.
Ring-DVFS: Reliability-Aware Reinforcement Learning-Based DVFS for Real-Time Embedded Systems

— Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is one of the most popular and exploited techniques to reduce power consumption in multicore embedded systems. However, this technique might lead to a task-reliability degradation because scaling the voltage and frequency increases the fault rate and the worst-case execution time of the tasks. In order to preserve task-reliability at an acceptable level as well as achieving power saving, in this letter, we have proposed an enhanced DVFS method based on reinforcement learning to reduce the power consumption of sporadic tasks at runtime in multicore embedded systems without task-reliability degradation. The reinforcement learner takes decisions based on the power savings and task-reliability variations due to DVFS and considers the suitable voltage-frequency level for all tasks such that the timing constraints are met. Experimental evaluation was done on different configurations and with different numbers of tasks to investigate the efficiency of the proposed method. Our experiments show that our proposed method works efficiently than other existing works for reducing power consumption without reliability degradation and deadline misses.
La décontamination bactérienne de l'eau par impulsions électriques ultracourtes

Les effets des champs electriques pulses (CEP) sur les microorganismes ont ete montres depuis Sale et Hamilton. L'une des premieres applications en a ete l'electroporation cellulaire pour permettre la transfection de plasmides a travers la membrane plasmique. Il s'agit de la principale methode de transfert de genes. Un autre champ d'application est la decontamination de nourriture liquide. Mais la technologie capable de donner ces resultats en termes de decontamination requiert, pour un champ electrique de faible amplitude, l'utilisation d'impulsions de longues durees provoquant une grande consommation energetique. Ceci a ete montre pour la decontamination du lait, des jus de fruits et du vin. Le mecanisme par lequel les CEP avec une duree milliseconde (ms) ou microseconde (µs) agissent est bien decrit et intervient sur la bicouche lipidique. Le but de cette these est d'etudier les possibilites d'utilisation des champs electriques pulses nanosecondes (nsCEP) pour decontaminer de l'eau de procedes industriels. Un generateur d'impulsions haute tension associe a un applicateur constitue de deux electrodes planes permettent de generer un champ electrique homogene dans l'eau. Ce dispositif a d'abord ete eprouve en batch puis en flux sur des suspensions bacteriennes (Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) et Legionella pneumophila serogroupe 1) cultivees en laboratoire. L'utilisation de generateurs de plus en plus performants et l'optimisation des conditions de flux ont permis d'ameliorer drastiquement le rendement energetique de decontamination et la vitesse globale de traitement. Il a egalement ete montre qu'il est possible de determiner par le calcul, la vitesse de decontamination d'un tel systeme, a partir des caracteristiques des generateurs et des parametres de fluidiques. Si ce travail n'a pas permis la realisation d'un prototype d'echelle industrielle, les grandes lignes permettant le passage du procede de l'echelle laboratoire a l'echelle industrielle ont ete donnees.