Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Compressed Lists of Integers with Dense Padding Modes

Index compression is partially responsible for the current performance achievements of Internet search engines. Among many latest compression techniques, Simple9 can pack as many integers as possible into a single 32-bit machine word using 9 different padding modes. However, the number of wasted bits in Simple9 remains large. In previous works, researchers have focused on reducing the unused trailing bits of the padding modes and have proposed various additional modes that make full use of the cases of the status bits. Instead, we focus on the wasted bits in the integer list, padding extra zeros for a complete dense mode when the number of integers is not enough to fit a complete mode. More precisely, we first propose a novel index compression method called SimpleD with dense padding modes to achieve a more compact storage compared with that of Simple9. We then design an innovative metric for extracting the inserted extra zero integers during the decoding phase. Experiments on the TREC WT2G and GOV2 datasets show that our encoder outperforms Simple9 while still retaining a very fast decompression speed. key words: inverted indexes, index compression, dense padding mode, compression ratio
Improving the sensitivity of the ZnO gas sensor to dimethyl sulfide

This study was focused on how to improve the gas sensing properties of resistive gas sensors based on zinc oxide to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). The aim of this research was to investigate possible ways of improvement detection of dimethyl sulfide, such as volume doping with synthesized gold nanoparticles or applying sepiolite passive filter. The addition of noble metal into the gas sensing layer is a widely known method of increasing gas sensor response. Sepiolite is a clay mineral with highly porous structure consisting of nanotubes few micrometers long and water absorption abilities. In this work thick-film resistive gas sensors based on zinc oxide were made (pure ZnO, modified by gold nanoparticles, with the addition of filter) and tested for low concentration (2 ppm) of dimethyl sulfide. The sensitivities to DMS of developed sensors were compared. Attention was paid to the analysis of the impact of high humidity (90% RH) on the sensor time response.
The ability of single phage particles to form plaques and to multiply in liquid cultures.

SUMMARY: The results of testing a bacteriophage to a strain of clover nodule bacteria using young (1 day) and old (5 days) bacterial cultures both fit to the hypothesis that phage multiplication can be initiated by single phage particles. As the same phage preparations gave more plaques on solid media and higher proportions of liquid cultures in which phage multiplication could be detected, with young than with old bacterial cultures, the fit to the hypothesis is not an evidence that every single phage particle will multiply. It may be so when young bacterial cultures are used, although there is no positive evidence for it. With older bacterial cultures definitely only a proportion of viable phage particles succeed in starting phage multiplication, the proportion decreasing with the increasing age of bacterial cultures used for testing.
PAM Map: An architecture-independent logic block mapping algorithm for SRAM-based FPGAs

In this paper, we consider the general problem of mapping a given logic circuit onto an SRAM-based FPGA with programmable logic blocks of arbitrary architectures. We formulate the problem as a graph matching problem and present an architecture-independent algorithm for this purpose. This algorithm also obtains a best area saving of 4% compared to architecture-dependent methods.
The Impact of Technologies on Society: A Review

This research deals with the impacts of misusing modern technologies on members of the society and their negative influences on economic, religious and social aspect, as well as their impact on people's behavior and the responsibility of the society in monitoring the children who are in need of attention by everyone through the guidance of appropriate educational ways. Moreover, this research shows the need of joining all efforts collectively in order to protect the entire society from the dangers of modern technologies and work together to take advantage of its resources properly. This usually starts from the family and schools and ends with the universities, mass media and the various institutions that guarantee the rights of children from all different areas. However, this research emphasizes the fact that everyone should take his/her responsibilities towards using these methods properly whether at home or outside.
Arabidopsis NATA 1 Acetylates Putrescine and Decreases Defense-Related Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation 1 [ OPEN ]

Biosynthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is induced in response to pathogen infection of plants. Putrescine, which is produced from Arg, serves as a metabolic precursor for longer polyamines, including spermidine and spermine. Polyamine acetylation, which has important regulatory functions in mammalian cells, has been observed in several plant species. Here we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY1 (NATA1) catalyzes acetylation of putrescine to N-acetylputrescine and thereby competes with spermidine synthase for a common substrate. NATA1 expression is strongly induced by the plant defense signaling molecule jasmonic acid and coronatine, an effector molecule produced by DC3000, a Pseudomonas syringae strain that initiates a virulent infection in Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia-0. DC3000 growth is reduced in nata1 mutant Arabidopsis, suggesting a role for NATA1-mediated putrescine acetylation in suppressing antimicrobial defenses. During infection by P. syringae and other plant pathogens, polyamine oxidases use spermidine and spermine as substrates for the production of defense-related H2O2. Compared to wild-type Columbia-0 Arabidopsis, the response of nata1mutants to P. syringae infection includes reduced accumulation of acetylputrescine, greater abundance of nonacetylated polyamines, elevated H2O2 production by polyamine oxidases, and higher expression of genes related to pathogen defense. Together, these results are consistent with a model whereby P. syringae growth is improved in a targeted manner through coronatine-induced putrescine acetylation by NATA1.
Exploring Automated Essay Scoring for Nonnative English Speakers

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has been quite popular and is being widely used. However, lack of appropriate methodology for rating nonnative English speakers' essays has meant a lopsided advancement in this field. In this paper, we report initial results of our experiments with nonnative AES that learns from manual evaluation of nonnative essays. For this purpose, we conducted an exercise in which essays written by nonnative English speakers in test environment were rated both manually and by the automated system designed for the experiment. In the process, we experimented with a few features to learn about nuances linked to nonnative evaluation. The proposed methodology of automated essay evaluation has yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.750 with the manual evaluation.
Clinical safety and efficacy of everolimus-eluting stents compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Background. The everolimus-eluting stent (EES) is a second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) which is designed to provide better stent deliverability, deployment, safety, and efficacy. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relative safety and efficacy of the EES compared with the paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES). Methods. The published literature was scanned by formal searches of electronic databases from January 2001 to August 2010. All randomized trials comparing EES versus PES and reporting the clinical outcomes were examined for analysis. Results. A total of four randomized trials were included, involving 6,788 patients. EES were superior to PES with respect to the major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR)) within 1-year follow-up (OR 0.57; P < 0.001). The 1-year rates of MI, ischemia-driven TLR, and definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST) were also lower with EES than with PES (OR 0.57, P < 0.001 for MI; OR 0.48, P < 0.001 for TLR; OR 0.34, P < 0.001 for ST). There was no significant difference between EES and PES with respect to cardiac mortality (OR 0.93; P = 0.81). Conclusion. The EES is superior to the PES in terms of 1-year safety and efficacy.
Markers of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Placenta and Circulation of Pregnant Women

ABSTRACT Placental sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnancy may impair the usefulness of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. In 300 infected, delivering women, the concordance of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism-derived parasite resistance alleles in matched samples from placenta and circulation was 83 to 98%. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance typing in peripheral blood is reasonably representative of P. falciparum infecting pregnant women.
Provider support in complementary and alternative medicine: exploring the role of patient empowerment.

BACKGROUND The quality of the patient-provider relationship is well-recognized as having a key role in therapeutic outcomes irrespective of treatment effects. Yet there is a lack of scales to assess aspects of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) provider support. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to develop and psychometrically evaluate scales to measure patients' perceptions of provider support, patient-centered care, and empowerment as predictors of health outcomes. METHODS Based on five focus groups with CAM clients, we developed the following three scales: Perceived Provider Support, Patient-Centered Care (PCC), and Empowerment. The scales were cognitively tested with 6 CAM users and then pilot-tested with 216 respondents. Confirmatory factor analyses, item response theory analyses, and Cronbach's alphas were conducted to evaluate their psychometric properties. Bootstrapping techniques and structural equation modeling were used to evaluate Empowerment as a mediator of the relationship of Perceived Provider Support and PCC with symptom relief. RESULTS All three scales demonstrated high internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas of 0.85 to 0.90 and confirmatory factor analyses supported a one-factor solution for each scale. Controlling for demographics, presenting problem, and main CAM provider used in the past 12 months, each of the scales had a positive and significant relationship with overall symptom relief for the patient's primary presenting problem (p < .01). Bootstrapped Sobel tests were significant (p < .01), supporting the role of empowerment as a mediator of the impact of PCC and provider support on symptom relief. A structural equation model combining PCC and provider support into a single latent variable representing quality of patient-provider interactions and including empowerment as a mediator fit well. CONCLUSIONS From a holistic perspective, CAM treatment effects can arise in part from sources related to the therapeutic relationship, as well as the philosophy of healing and specific techniques designed to reduce symptoms. This analysis provides conceptual support for this perspective, a means to evaluate aspects of the therapeutic relationship and to measure its impact on outcomes of CAM treatment across conditions and therapies.
Exploring the effect of bag-of-words and bag-of-bigram features on Turkish word sense disambiguation

Feature selection in Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is as important as the selection of algorithm to remove sense ambiguity. Bag-of-word (BoW) features comprise the information of neighbors around the ambiguous target word without considering any relation between words. In this study, we investigate the effect of BoW features and Bag-of-bigrams (BoB) on Turkish WSD and compare the results with the collocational features. The results suggest that BoW features yield better accuracy for all the cases. According to the comparison results, collocational features are more effective than both BoW and the BoB features on disambiguation of word senses.
Trimethyl Bismuth Optical Properties for Particle Detection and the CaLIPSO Detector

Trimethyl bismuth (TMBi) is a “heavy” transparent and dielectric organometallic liquid. This paper focuses on the measurement of TMBi's optical properties relevant for particle detection. We measured the TMBi transmission curve and refraction index versus wavelength, as well as the light production yield and the timing performance on a small size cell.
Graphical Web Based Tool for Generating Query from Star Schema

Novice users have difficulty to generate structured query language from the star schemas because they are not familiar with formulating SQL queries and SQL syntax. This study proposed graphical web based tool to generate queries from star schema and represent the data in tabular or graphical forms which help novice user to formulate SQL query. A prototype for a web based tool to generate the query has been developed using Java Server Pages programming language. The developed tool can facilitate complex query construction which is faced by non-technical and/or novice users. The output of SQL query is presented in tabular and graphical forms which can help users especially top management in better understanding and interpreting query results.
A randomized trial of pelvic radiation therapy versus no further therapy in selected patients with stage IB carcinoma of the cervix after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits and risk of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy aimed at reducing recurrence in women with Stage IB cervical cancer treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. METHODS Two hundred seventy-seven eligible patients were entered with at least two of the following risk factors: >1/3 stromal invasion, capillary lymphatic space involvement, and large clinical tumor diameter. Of 277 patients, 137 were randomized to pelvic radiotherapy (RT) and 140 to no further treatment (NFT). RESULTS Twenty-one (15%) in the RT group and 39 (28%) in the NFT group had a cancer recurrence, 18 of whom were vaginal/pelvic in the RT and 27 in the NFT group. In the RT group, of 18 (13%) who died, 15 died of cancer. In the NFT group, of the 30 (21%) who died, 25 died from cancer. Life table analysis indicated a statistically significant (47%) reduction in risk of recurrence (relative risk = 0.53, P = 0.008, one-tail) among the RT group, with recurrence-free rates at 2 years of 88% versus 79% for the RT and NFT groups, respectively. Severe or life-threatening (Gynecologic Oncology Group grade 3 or 4) urologic adverse effects occurred in 4 (3.1%) in the RT group and 2 (1.4%) in the NFT group; 3 (2.3%) and 1 (0.7%) hematologic; 4 (3.1%) and 0 gastrointestinal (GI); and 1 (0.8%) and 0 neurologic, respectively. One patient's death was attributable to grade 4 GI adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy following radical surgery reduces the number of recurrences in women with Stage IB cervical cancer at the cost of 6% grade 3/4 adverse events versus 2.1% in the NFT group.
‘It’s all about time’: time as contested terrain in the management and experience of domiciliary care work in England

Drawing on a multilevel study of commissioning, employers, and care staff, this article explores the role of time in the management of domiciliary care work for older adults in England and the consequences for the employment conditions of care staff. An index of fragmented time practices among 52 independent-sector domiciliary care providers reveals widespread tendencies to use zero-hours contracts and limit paid hours to face-to-face contact time, leaving travel time and other work-related activities unpaid. Care staff interviews reveal how fragmented time creates insecurities and demands high work engagement. Time management practices are shown to derive directly from strict time-based local authority commissioning. Subcontractors, both independent small fi rms and those belonging to national chains, can at best adopt human resource (HR) policies that are partial routes to failure, as evident in widespread recruitment and retention problems. Informal HR practices to accommodate working-time preferences help to retain individual staff, but adjustments are often marginal, adversely affect other staff and fail to expand the recruitment pool for social care. Labor shortages are likely to persist as long as workers are required to adapt to a regime of fragmented time and to work more hours than are paid, even at pay rates close to the national minimum wage.
Single Electron Transistor analytical model for hybrid circuit design

A novel analytical and compact model of Single Electron Transistor (SET) is developed and implemented in Verilog-A language for use in hybrid SET-CMOS logic circuit design. The model is based on the steady state Master-Equation (ME). The implementation of this original and simple model, taking into account physical characteristics of tunnel junctions and the thermionic emission, has faithfully reproduced the behavior of metallic SET operating at room temperature. The hybrid SET-CMOS universal logic gate cell is analyzed to illustrate the efficiency of this compact SET model.
Degeneration and regeneration of ultraviolet cone photoreceptors during development in rainbow trout

Ultraviolet‐sensitive (UVS) cones disappear from the retina of salmonid fishes during a metamorphosis that prepares them for deeper/marine waters. UVS cones subsequently reappear in the retina near sexual maturation and the return migration to natal streams. Cellular mechanisms of this UVS cone ontogeny were investigated using electroretinograms, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry against opsins during and after thyroid hormone (TH) treatments of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Increasing TH levels led to UVS cone degeneration. Labeling demonstrated that UVS cone degeneration occurs via programmed cell death and caspase inhibitors can inhibit this death. After the cessation of TH treatment, UVS cones regenerated in the retina. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was applied after the termination of TH treatment and was detected in the nuclei of cells expressing UVS opsin. BrdU was found in UVS cones but not other cone types. The most parsimonious explanation for the data is that UVS cones degenerated and UVS cones were regenerated from intrinsic retinal progenitor cells. Regenerating UVS cones were functionally integrated such that they were able to elicit electrical responses from second‐order neurons. This is the first report of cones regenerating during natural development. Both the death and regeneration of cones in retinae represent novel mechanisms for tuning visual systems to new visual tasks or environments. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:702–715, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activities of daily living and quality of life in Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer’s disease is known for placing a significant burden on caregivers, which includes social, psychological, physical or economic aspects. The disease decreases patients’ capacity for activities of daily living and quality of life. Information about functional status is useful in the interpretation of the quality of life assessment results. In this paper the most commonly used scales evaluating activities of daily living and quality of life in Alzheimer’s disease, either generic or specific, is presented.
The Role of Counselors Serving Deaf or Hard of Hearing Students in Public Schools

Since enactment of Public Law 94-142, residential schools for d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/Dhh) students have lost enrollment to public schools. Public school counselors now must meet d/Dhh students' counseling needs. There is little literature on if and how counselors are doing this. The present study used a survey to evaluate the job satisfaction and expectations of 22 counselors working with d/Dhh students in programs across the United States. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 6 participants functioning as counselors for d/Dhh students. Results indicated that the counselors were generally pleased with their role, which, however, diverged markedly from the American School Counselor Association (2003) national model. The interviews revealed 5 themes that may be unique to counselors serving d/Dhh students in public schools: Authority Based on Experience, Director of Collaborations/Negotiations, Isolation, Surrogate Parent/Insightful Social Confidante, and Martyr.
Detection of transient signals by the Gabor representation

This paper proposes to use the Gabor representation for the detection of transient signals with unknown arrival times. We introduce a one-sided exponential window function, which seems to the most appropriate for transient modeling. Explicit expressions for the Gabor coefficients are given for this window function. When the given signal is random, so are the coefficients. The second-order moments of the Gabor coefficients are computed for a white noise signal. These are then used to introduce a detection statistic based on the Gabor coefficients. The proposed detector is capable of separating transients having different arrival times, even in the case where their waveforms partially overlap.
Map Based Models in Neurodynamics

This tutorial reviews a new important class of mathematical phenomenological models of neural activity generated by iterative dynamical systems: the so-called map-based systems. We focus on 1-D and 2-D maps for the replication of many features of the neural activity of a single neuron. It was shown that such systems can reproduce the basic activity modes such as spiking, bursting, chaotic spiking-bursting, subthreshold oscillations, tonic and phasic spiking, normal excitability, etc. of the real biological neurons. We emphasize on the representation of chaotic spiking-bursting oscillations by chaotic attractors of 2-D models. We also explain the dynamical mechanism of formation of such attractors and transition from one mode to another. We briefly present some synchronization mehanisms of chaotic spiking-bursting activity for two coupled neurons described by 1-D maps.
Multiyear infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of HCN, CO, C2H6, and C2H2 tropospheric columns above Lauder, New Zealand (45 S Latitude)

[i] Near-simultaneous, 0.0035 or 0.007 cm -1 resolution infrared solar absorption spectra of tropospheric HCN, C 2 H 2 , CO, and C 2 H 6 have been recorded from the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change station in Lauder, New Zealand (45.04°S, 169.68°E, 0.37 km altitude). All four molecules were measured on over 350 days with HCN and C 2 H 2 reported for the first time based on a new analysis procedure that significantly increases the effective signal-to-noise of weak tropospheric absorption features in the measured spectra. The CO measurements extend by 2.5 years a database of measurements begun in January 1994 for CO with improved sensitivity in the lower and middle troposphere. The C 2 H 6 measurements lengthen a time series begun in July 1993 with peak sensitivity in the upper troposphere. Retrievals of all four molecules were obtained with an algorithm based on the semiempirical application of the Rodgers optimal estimation technique. Columns are reported for the 0.37- to 12-km-altitude region, approximately the troposphere above the station. The seasonal cycles of all four molecules are asymmetric, with minima in March-June and sharp peaks and increased variability during August-November, which corresponds to the period of maximum biomass burning near the end of the Southern Hemisphere tropical dry season. Except for a possible HCN column decrease, no evidence was found for a statistically significant long-term trend.