Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Being Pregnant during Respiratory Pandemics: A Comparison between 2009/10 Flu and 2020/21 COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Pregnant women undergo physiological changes that make them a challenging group of patients during pandemic respiratory diseases, as previously found during H1N1 2009 pandemic and recently ratified in COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on 5888 hospitalized women for H1N1 flu pandemic (2190 pregnant and 3698 non-pregnant) and 64,515 hospitalized women for COVID-19 pandemic (5151 pregnant and 59,364 non-pregnant), from the Brazilian national database, to compare demographic profile, clinical aspects, and mortality in childbearing aged women during both pandemics. Additionally, the effect of being pregnant was compared between both pandemics. In both pandemics, pregnant women were younger than non-pregnant women. Overall, pregnant women had lower frequencies of comorbidities and were less symptomatic. Among hospitalized women, pregnant women presented lower mortality rates than non-pregnant women (9.7% vs. 12.6%, p = 0.002 in the H1N1 pandemic and 9.7% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001 in the COVID-19 pandemic) and this difference was statistically more pronounced in the COVID-19 pandemic, even after balancing pregnant and non-pregnant groups regarding age and chronic diseases.
Criminal protection of corporate websites: An analytical study

In the light of the state’s economic revolution and tremendous techniques sweeping the communication in the recent years which seeks to establish the concept of e­government practically, and the huge increase in using the Internet by all member of society including companies that depend on e-commerce, the UAE legislator is keen to report on criminal protection of a website by issuing the Federal Decree-Law No. 34 for the year 2021 on Combating Rumours and Cybercrime. This research aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the UAE law in combating hackers who attack and spy on sensitive data of financial, commercial, or economic establishments. To achieve that, the researcher examined the concept, legal nature, and components of a website similar to a previous study conducted in Ukraine (Nekit, Ulianova, & Kolodi, 2019). The researcher opted to check what the website means and state its advantages and disadvantages, and then dealt with all forms of penal protection of the website in the UAE law as well as the general rules of responsibility for the crimes of hacking, and finished the research by conclusion including the most important findings and recommendations such as that the UAE legislator needs to amend the text of Article 75 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, so as to monitor wired and wireless conversations including the website. A command should be issued from the judge, so as to be justified and useful in revealing the truth
Geometric Graphs and Arrangements - Some Chapters from Combinatorial Geometry

Geometric Graphs: Turan Problems - Schnyder Woods or How to Draw a Planar Graph? - Topological Graphs: Crossing Lemma and Applications- k-Sets and k-Facets - Combinatorial Problems for Sets of Points and Lines - Combinatorial Representations of Arrangements of Pseudolines - Triangulations and Flips - Rigidity and Pseudo-Triangulations
Understanding the 2013-2015 Ebola Outbreak

Background: The 2013-2015 Ebola outbreak caused severe human suffering and a global health crisis. Ebola Virus (EBOV) is a naturally zoonotic RNA virus that has several immune-evasion mechanisms and can cause serious disease and death in humans. The massive impact of the recent epidemic is unique in the 40-year history of this pathogen. Scientists and public health officials around the world are researching the factors that may have contributed to the scale and devastating nature of the 2013-2015 outbreak. Methods: Terms searched online through the McGill library and Medline Ovid included “Ebola”, “immune evasion”, “sequencing”, “Ebola glycoprotein” and “zoonotic transmission”. Only articles published since 2014 were selected. Summary: In this review article, we will provide discussion on the principal factors contributing to the un- usually destructive nature of the 2013-2015 Ebola outbreak. Interestingly, although several nonsynony- mous mutations have been observed in the recently circulating strains, they were not the principal cause of the unusually devastating nature of the outbreak. Instead, the high rate of transmission was likely caused by sociological factors, such as population dynamics and late detection of the outbreak. However, there is evidence to suggest that once the high rate of transmission in humans was established there was selective pressure on the virus to evade the human immune system. This selective pressure may have exacerbated an already deadly outbreak. Ongoing research efforts indicate that there is still much to be discovered about the virus and the control of outbreak management.
Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Albumin Ratio in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR) are inflammatory biomarkers that have been associated with clinical outcomes of multiple diseases. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of these biomarkers with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. A systematic search was performed in five databases. Observational studies that reported the association between FAR and BAR values with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients were included. Random-effects models were used for meta-analyses, and effects were expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was assessed using the Begg test, while the quality assessment was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. A total of 21 studies (n = 7949) were included. High FAR values were associated with a higher risk of severity (OR: 2.41; 95% CI 1.41–4.12; p < 0.001) and mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI 1.66–2.54; p < 0.001). High BAR values were associated with higher risk of mortality (OR: 4.63; 95% CI 2.11–10.15; p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant association was found between BAR values and the risk of severity (OR: 1.16; 95% CI 0.83–1.63; p = 0.38). High FAR and BAR values were associated with poor clinical outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of an Urban LoRaWAN Deployment: Real World Versus Simulation

LoRaWAN simulations are a flexible way to analyse the behaviour of this LPWAN technology in scenarios that are unfeasible to deploy due to their scale and the number of devices required. Parallel to this, there is also a continued lack of larger-scale LoRaWAN deployments in current literature. Crucially, none of these studies involves comparison with any theoretical model, such as discrete-time simulation or mathematical analysis, for validation. In this paper we deploy a 20 nodes LoRaWAN network around the University of Glasgow’s campus, analyse the results and then proceed to develop an NS-3 simulation to recreate and match as faithfully as possible the behaviour and topology of the physical deployment. The performance of both the deployment and the simulation is then compared, and the results show that while the complexity of the simulation is kept relatively low, it is possible to get simulation results within about 20% of the deployment results.
Guideline for the analysis of the microbial communities of the human upper airways

ABSTRACT The recent COVID-19 pandemic prompted a rapid-growing interest in the investigation of the human microbiota of the upper airways. In fact, the resident microbial community of this body district may have an influence on the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its clinical course in terms of presence, symptom severity, and outcomes. However, several microbiological methodologies are available to study the human microbiota, reflecting the extensive fragmentation of methodological approaches. We investigate the impact of two critical steps that can induce biases in the downstream analyses, i.e. sampling method and microbial DNA extraction kit employed. We observed major discrepancies regarding the total amount of prokaryotic DNA that could be retrieved from a biological sample and the proportion between bacterial DNA and human host DNA. Moreover, shotgun DNA sequencing and taxonomic profile reconstruction also revealed correlations between sampling methods and the procedures applied for microbial DNA extraction. Based on all the data collected in this study, we formulate indications regarding the most efficient and reliable methodological procedures for the metagenomic analyses of the upper airways’ microbiota to maximize accuracy and reproducibility.
On the Preservation with Respect to Nonlinear Perturbations of the Stability Property for Nonautonomous Linear Neutral Fractional Systems with Distributed Delays

In the present paper, sufficient conditions are obtained under which the Cauchy problem for a nonlinearly perturbed nonautonomous neutral fractional system with distributed delays and Caputo type derivatives has a unique solution in the case of initial functions with first-kind discontinuities. For this system, by applying a formula for the integral presentation of the solution of the nonhomogeneous linear neutral fractional system, we found some additional natural conditions to ensure that from the global asymptotically stability of the zero solution of the linear part of the nonlinearly perturbed system, global asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the whole nonlinearly perturbed system follows.
PERAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BANK JATIM CABANG NGANJUK TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN NGANJUK

This study aims to examine whether there are economic, social, and environmental aspect effects of Bank Jatim's CSR program on community empowerment partially or simultaneously. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaires involving a population of 130 recipients of Bank Jatim CSR assistance. The probability sampling technique with the Slovin formula was used to obtain 98 samples of the study. Multiple linear regression with t-test (partial) and f-test (simultaneous) from SPSS 2.1 was an analytical instrument to analyze this study. The result of the t-test shows that the economic and social aspects have significant positive effects on community empowerment, while the environmental aspect did not have any significant effect on community empowerment. The result of the f-test reveals that social, economic, and environmental aspects have significant effects on community empowerment.
The Repertoire of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteases: Evolution, Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Proteolysis, Engineering and Therapeutic Challenges

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) belong to a fascinating protein family expressed in all Metazoa. They act as regulators of the turnover of the extracellular matrix, and they are consistently involved in essential processes. Herein, we recapitulate the main activities of mammalian TIMPs (TIMP1–4) in the control of extracellular-matrix degradation and pathologies associated with aberrant proteostasis. We delineate the activity of TIMPs in the control of extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and discuss the diversity of TIMPs across metazoans taking into account the emergence of the components of the ECM during evolution. Thus, the TIMP repertoire herein analysed includes the homologues from cnidarians, which are coeval with the origins of ECM components; protostomes (molluscs, arthropods and nematodes); and deuterostomes (echinoderms and vertebrates). Several questions, including the maintenance of the structure despite low sequence similarity and the strategies for TIMP engineering, shed light on the possibility to use recombinant TIMPs integrating unique features and binding selectivity for therapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors for Food Safety Applications

Nowadays, the increasing number of foodborne disease outbreaks around the globe has aroused the wide attention of the food industry and regulators. During food production, processing, storage, and transportation, microorganisms may grow and secrete toxins as well as other harmful substances. These kinds of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources can seriously endanger human health. The traditional detection methods such as cell culture and colony counting cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection due to some intrinsic shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, laborious, and requiring expensive instrumentation or a central laboratory. In the past decade, efforts have been made to develop rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection platforms for on-site food safety regulation. Herein, we review one type of promising biosensing platform that may revolutionize the current food surveillance approaches, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors. Benefiting from the advances of nanotechnology, hundreds to thousands of GMR biosensors can be integrated into a fingernail-sized area, allowing the higher throughput screening of food samples at a lower cost. In addition, combined with on-chip microfluidic channels and filtration function, this type of GMR biosensing system can be fully automatic, and less operator training is required. Furthermore, the compact-sized GMR biosensor platforms could be further extended to related food contamination and the field screening of other pathogen targets.
Why Chinese hospitality management undergraduates give up a hotel career: the effects of perceived occupational stigma and perceived work dirtiness

ABSTRACT The shortage of human resources is a key problem restricting the development of China’s hospitality industry. In the meantime, Chinese hospitality higher education faces high graduate leakage – their undergraduates as the most promising hospitality human resource are reluctant to pursue a career in the hotel industry. Therefore, based on a framework of the perception of a job-the perception of a person-outcome, this study explored the negative effects of perceived occupational stigma and work dirtiness on hospitality management undergraduates’ career choice intentions. Structural equation modelling was applied using 928 questionnaires received from 31 universities in China. The results also revealed the psychological mechanism of face concern and self-esteem, as well as the moderating role of career development programmes. From the perspective of Chinese Confucian culture, this research explicated the reason for Chinese hospitality management undergraduates’ giving up on a hotel career, and provided valuable implications for hospitality higher education and hotel human resource management.
A consequential approach to life cycle sustainability assessment with an agent‐based model to determine the potential contribution of chemical recycling to UN Sustainable Development Goals

Chemical recycling (CR) could support a circular approach for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment. In promoting the recirculation of recyclable carbon‐containing waste as secondary feedstock for chemical production, it could contribute to resource conservation, emissions reduction, and supply security. To evaluate CR's contribution to the transition from a linear to a circular carbon economy—and correspondingly to the achievement of environmental, economic, and social sustainability as indicated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs)—this study builds on extant literature of life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) to investigate consequential environmental, economic, and social CR impacts. Specifically, an integrated approach whereby process‐based life cycle assessment, techno‐economic analysis, and social indicators are linked in the framework of an agent‐based model is developed to investigate sustainability consequences of CR via gasification of residual MSW in Germany. Results suggest that CR contributes to reducing climate change and to addressing terrestrial acidification and fossil resource scarcity. However, its deployment will be associated with significant system costs. Hence, to promote CR implementation, measures such as obliging direct waste incineration to trade CO2 certificates—provided that certificate prices increase sharply in the future—as well as implementing a recycling rate are found to be necessary to gap economic disadvantages. This study not only contributes to extending life cycle approaches for LCSA methodologically, it furthermore provides valuable insights into temporal and spatial interactions in waste management systems to inform science, industry, and politics about the sustainability impacts of CR on the achievement of the UN‐SDGs. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
Framed Floer Homology

For any three-manifold presented as surgery on a framed link (L,\Lambda) in an integral homology sphere, Manolescu and Ozsv\'ath construct a hypercube of chain complexes whose homology calculates the Heegaard Floer homology of \Lambda-framed surgery on Y. This carries a natural filtration that exists on any hypercube of chain complexes; we study the E_2 page of the associated spectral sequence, called Framed Floer homology. One purpose of this paper is to show that Framed Floer homology is an invariant of oriented framed links, but not an invariant of the surgered manifold. We discuss how this relates to an attempt at a combinatorial proof of the invariance of Heegaard Floer homology. We also show that Framed Floer homology satisfies a surgery exact triangle analogous to that of Heegaard Floer homology. This setup leads to a completely combinatorial construction of a surgery exact triangle in Heegaard Floer homology. Finally, we study the Framed Floer homology of two-component links which surger to S^2 x S^1 # S^2 x S^1 and have Property 2R.
Differential immune responses of 3D gingival and periodontal connective tissue equivalents to microbial colonization

Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are functionally distinct cell types within the dento-gingival unit that participate in host immune response. Their microenvironment influences the behavior and immune response to microbial challenge. We developed three-dimensional gingival and periodontal connective tissue equivalents (CTEs) using human fibrin-based matrix. The CTEs were characterized, and the heterogeneity in their innate immune response was investigated. The CTEs demonstrated no to minimal response to planktonic Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis, while their biofilms elicited a moderate increase in IL-6 and IL-8 production. In contrast, Fusobacterium nucleatum provoked a substantial increase in IL-6 and IL-8 production. Interestingly, the gingival CTEs secreted significantly higher IL-6, while periodontal counterparts produced higher IL-8. In conclusion, the gingival and periodontal CTEs exhibited differential responses to various bacterial challenges. This gives insights into the contribution of tissue topography and fibroblast heterogeneity in rendering protective and specific immune responses toward early biofilm colonizers.
A Review on the Bioactivity of Cannabinoids on Zebrafish Models: Emphasis on Neurodevelopment

For centuries, the cannabis plant has been used as a source of food, fiber, and medicine. Recently, scientific interest in cannabis has increased considerably, as its bioactive compounds have shown promising potential in the treatment of numerous musculoskeletal and neurological diseases in humans. However, the mechanisms that underlie its possible effects on neurodevelopment and nervous-system functioning remain poorly understood and need to be further investigated. Although the bulk of research on cannabis and cannabinoids is based on in vitro or rodent models, the zebrafish has now emerged as a powerful in vivo model for drug-screening studies and translational research. We here review the available literature on the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in zebrafish, and particularly in zebrafish models of neurological disorders. A critical analysis suggests that zebrafish could serve as an experimental tool for testing the bioactivity of cannabinoids, and they could thus provide important insights into the safety and efficacy of different cannabis-extract-based products. The review showed that zebrafish exhibit similar behaviors to rodents following cannabinoid exposure. The authors stress the importance of analyzing the full spectrum of naturally occurring cannabinoids, rather than just the main ones, THC and CBD, and they offer some pointers on performing behavioral analysis in zebrafish.
The Evolution and Impact of Human Confidence in Artificial Intelligence and in Themselves on AI-Assisted Decision-Making in Design

Decision-making assistance by artificial intelligence (AI) during design is only effective when human designers properly utilize AI input. However, designers often misjudge the AI's and/or their own ability, leading to erroneous reliance on AI and therefore bad designs. To avoid such outcomes, it is critical to understand the evolution of designers' confidence in both their AI teammate(s) and themselves during AI-assisted decision-making. Therefore, this work conducts a cognitive study to explore how experiencing various and changing (without notice) AI performance levels and feedback affects these confidences and consequently the decisions to accept or reject AI suggestions. Results first reveal that designers' confidence in an AI agent changes with poor, but not with good, AI performance in this work. Interestingly, designers' self-confidence initially remains unaffected by AI accuracy; however, when the accuracy changes, self-confidence decreases regardless of the direction of the change. Moreover, this work finds that designers tend to infer flawed information from feedback, resulting in inappropriate levels of confidence in both the AI and themselves. Confidence in the AI and self-confidence are also shown to affect designers' probability of accepting AI input in opposite directions in this study. Finally, results that are uniquely applicable to design are identified by comparing the findings from this work to those from a similar study conducted with a non-design task. Overall, this work offers valuable insights that may enable detection of designers' dynamic confidence and their consequent misuse of AI input in design.
Association of Distress Due to Systemic Racism and Racial Disparities With Psychopathology and Suicidal Ideation Among US Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

S waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection have disproportionately clustered in minority communities, creating a syndemic of inequities.1 The impact of the pandemic is further exacerbated by poor access to health care and unequal distribution of vaccines2 within the historical and ongoing context of systemic racism, highlighted by the murder of George Floyd in May 2020 and other structural inequities. While numerous studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms during the pandemic,3,4 no known study has examined the prevalence and mental health impact of distress emanating from the intersection of systemic racism and the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we analyzed data from a national sample of US veterans to examine (1) the prevalence of perceived systemic racism and racial disparities in COVID-19–related health outcomes and (2) association of racism-related distress with internalizing (ie, positive screen for major depressive, posttraumatic stress, and/or generalized anxiety disorders) and externalizing (ie, positive screen for alcohol and/or drug use disorders) psychopathology and suicidal ideation (SI) during the pandemic.