Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal Dumping under Antidumping Enforcement

In a dynamic extension of the reciprocal dumping approach, oligopolistic firms producing imperfect substitutes use the carrot and stick strategy to enforce cooperative behavior. When dumping occurs, firms lobby for tariffs as punishment. After a finite punishment period, the non-dumping equilibrium is restored. Conditions are derived on the degrees of substitutability and observability that allow non-dumping under an infinite horizon. The model suggests the degree of substitutability between goods and the market interest rate, affect the likelihood of dumping.
Pharmacognostical investigations on Acacia leucophloea stem bark.

The plant Acacia leucophloea Roxb is reported to have great medicinal value in Indian medicine. The present study deals with the pharmacognostical investigation on stem bark of Acacia leucophloea. Pharmacognostical evaluation such as macroscopical and microscopical characters, ash value, moisture content and extractive values were carried out.
Effects of grazing of livestock on grassland

The effects of grazing on herbage growth, population, community, soil and ecosystem were analyzed on the mechanisms and approaches in this paper. Grazing changed the allocation of mass and energy in aboveground and underground parts of herbage. The effects of grazing on the herbage growth depended on the grazing system, grazing animal, grazing intensity, grazing season, grazing cycle and vegetation component. Grazing also resulted in the compensatory growth of herbage by changing external factors and internal factors including improvement of canopy microclimate and soil properties, increase in photosynthetic ability and a decrease in respiration rate. Grazing livestock changes the interspecies competition through the direct action of ingestion and indirect action such as the change of soil properties. The regeneration of herbage was impacted by the ingestion, excrement and trampling of livestock. The factors affecting the structures and function of the herbage community consisted of biotic components, abiotic components and social components, of which active mechanism were discussed. The state-and-transition hypothesis of community succession gave a satisfactory explanation for the change in grazing land, while shrub invasion could not account for the degradation resulting from only grazing. Grazing intensity, grazing period and topography altered the response of soil to grazing, in which the direct actions included intake, trampling and excrement, and indirect action factors included the population structure, community structure, fertile island effect and topography. The response mechanisms of soil carbon to grazing were analyzed for soil respiration, litter C production and microbial biomass C. The mechanisms of temporal coupling, spatial coupling and interspecific coupling between herbage and livestock were discussed in order to improve productivity and health level of the grazing ecosystem. The effects of grazing on cycle of carbon, nitrogen and other elements and their response to global change were analyzed. According to development of international scientific research and requirement of pasture-livestock production in China, we suggest that animal selection in grazing management, release of the productive potential by compensatory growth, improvement of the scientific contents of feeding animals according to herbage and grazing intensity, fertilization management of grazing land, countermeasures of grazing management based on the global change and the health management of grazing ecosystem should be involved in the further study on grazing management.
Training trends in India

This study seeks to identify new trends in training and development in India and its relative value and advancement within Indian organistions. Questionnaires were administered by email to 400 training, human resource development and human resource professionals and directly to 24 respondents. Of the 424 questionnaires distributed, there were 96 respondents. General issues covered were: strategy, budget, university models, partnerships with line managers, learning organisation and outsourcing training courses. Other outcomes describing the stages of training and development were: needs assessment/analysis, training design and delivery, flexible delivery models, evaluation, return on investment (ROI), training costs and training as a profitable enterprise. Ranking of trends is also available in table format.
Volunteering for the Dole: Good or Bad?

Income support recipients can meet their participation and mutual obligation requirements by signing up for volunteering programs such the Voluntary Work Initiative and Community Work. Tens of thousands of unemployed people have done so. Many more are volunteering without having their contributions recognised by Centrelink. This paper, which is based on a paper presented by the author at the 2005 Australian Social Policy Conference, explores issues associated with the inclusion of volunteering in the Government's participation and mutual obligation framework, in particular arguments about whether it is ultimately good or bad for unemployed people that volunteering is included in the framework. The paper also covers potential policy ramifications of these arguments.
La minería en la Sierra Gorda

Toda riqueza mineral muy grande suele desarrollar la vocacion minera, en especial entre miembros de sociedades rudimentarias. Asimismo, algunos minerales y metales pueden ser senuelos poderosos para ser explotados y comercializados. En la epoca prehispanica destaco la explotacion de cinabrio y azogue en el estado de Queretaro, particularmente en la Sierra Gorda, con lo cual la mineria paso a formar parte de la cultura y la historia de la region.
Effects of Application of Zinc,Iron and Lanthanum on Contents of Aroma in Brown Rice and Proline in Flag Leaf of Aromatic Rice

The effects of application of zinc,iron and lanthanum on aroma content in brown rice and proline content in flag leaf were studied in pots by using one aromatic conventional rice variety,Guixiangzhan,and one aromatic hybrid rice combination,Peiza Ruanxiang.The results showed that the treatments of basal application of zinc and lanthanum fertilizers and spraying zinc fertilizer at full heading stage increased significantly aroma content in brown rice of Peiza Ruanxiang and Guixiangzhan.All six treatments of applying zinc,iron and lanthanum fertilizers increased to some extent proline content in flag leaf of Peiza Ruanxiang and Guixiangzhan at 7d and 14d after full heading stage.At mature stage,spraying zinc fertilizer significantly increased proline content in flag leaf of Peiza Ruanxiang but decreased proline content in flag leaf of Guixiangzhan,and basal application of lanthanum fertilizer significantly increased proline content in flag leaf of Guixiangzhan but decreased proline content in flag leaf of Peiza Ruanxiang.
Path-Planning Algorithm for Vehicle Operating in Orchards

Navigation in orchards is difficult due to the high number of obstacles that limit visibility and leave minimal room for manoeuvring. This study presents a simple pathplanning algorithm that could assist the vehicle's driver by suggesting the most appropriate path between two locations. The orchard is represented by a set of gridmaps that include the orchard's topography, the locations of the obstacles, and optional additional information such as regions in which travel should be preferred or avoided. The vehicle's description is kept as simple as possible and includes only the permissible directions of travel relative to current heading. A cost is associated with each action, such as driving on an incline or turning, and the algorithm computes the path that is optimal in terms of the user-defined criterion. Introduction Orchards are very challenging environments for mechanized operations. The high number of obstacles greatly reduces visibility and leaves minimal room for manoeuvring. Efficient path planning would greatly improve the efficiency of mechanized operations in such environments. At first, such an algorithm could assist the human driver, suggesting the most appropriate path between driver-supplied locations. In a more distant future, such an algorithm would be the first step toward the implementation of fully autonomous vehicles in orchards. Path-planning has been extensively studied, and algorithms of various complexities and performances have been proposed. In the simplest algorithms such as A*, D* and their various extensions (e.g. Koenig et al., 2004; Koenig and Likhachev, 2005; Lumelsky and Stepanov, 1987), the "vehicle" is represented as a cell capable of moving in any direction. This is equivalent to assuming that the vehicle can rotate on itself, and concepts such as "current heading", "front" and "back" are irrelevant. While such algorithms are useful for small multi-directional indoors robots, these can not be used for agricultural vehicles. Algorithms that take into consideration the size, kinematics
A Fringe Projection System for Measurement of Condensing Fluid Films in Reduced Gravity

The thesis describes the design of a fringe projection system to study the dynamics of condensation with potential application in a reduced gravity environment. The desired properties of the system are its simplicity, portability, compact size and robustness to vibration, making it suitable for use in spaceflights. The concept is that an optical system for imaging the condensation layer enables extraction of valuable data from the image because of the ability of the optical system to image the perturbations in the condensation films. By acquiring a sequence of images of the deformed fringe pattern, the change in the surface topology can be observed over time, giving greater understanding of condensation dynamics in reduced gravity. The principle behind the system is fringe projection, which is a simple way of optically mapping a surface in which fringes are projected onto the object under test in one direction and are viewed from another direction. The projected fringe pattern gets changed in accordance with the surface topology of the object. This change manifests itself in the form of angular and spatial frequency carrier shift in the Fourier domain. Thus the extraction of surface topology of the object becomes a matter of linear frequency domain filtering. The deformed fringe pattern is thus analyzed by a Fourier transform based fringe analysis technique followed by phase unwrapping. The system hardware setup was developed, and a series of experiments were performed which validate the working of the system. A condensation
In vivo antifungal activity of neem oil and aqueous extracts against leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora abelmoschii on okra

The cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora abelmoschi Ellis and Everhart, is quite common in okra culture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous extracts of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss), citronella ( Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle), eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis L .), ecolife®, A. indica oil and fungicide cercobin 700 PM® in control of cercospora leaf spot on okra in greenhouse. The extracts and neem oil were tested in concentration 10%, the fungicide cercobin 700PM® in dose 2.5 g.l-1, applied 10 days after pathogen inoculation by leaf spray and the citric biomass extract ecolife® in concentration 5.0 ml.l-1, applied 10 days before pathogen inoculation. All treatments, except ecolife®, were effective in controlling cercospora leaf spot and may be recommended as alternatives in agroecological systems. © JASEM Keywords : Abelmoschus esculentus, aqueous extracts, Cercospora abelmoschi, fungicide cercobin and greenhouse.
A phase II trial of sorafenib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): A Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial

5550 Background: Bay 43–9006 (Sorafenib) is a potent Raf-1 and B-Raf kinase inhibitor of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. The compound also inhibits protein tyrosine kinases associated with VEGFR-2 and 3 as well as PDGFR-B. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy of BAY 43–9006 in chemotherapy naive patients with metastatic or recurrent HNSCC. Methods: Chemotherapy naive patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck either metastatic, persisted or recurred following definitive surgery and/or radiation therapy, and not amenable to salvage surgical resection were eligible. Patients may have received only one induction or adjuvant chemotherapy regimen provided that at least 6 months have elapsed since the last course was administered. Patients must have adequate cardiac, hematologic, renal and hepatic function and a Zubrod Performance Status of ≤ 1. Specimens were obtained from either archival or fresh pre-treatment biopsies and at the time of progression of dise.
Relationship Between Depression Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Addictive Social Media Use

This study investigated the link between depression symptoms, physical activity (e.g., jogging, cycling, and swimming), and addictive social media use (SMU). In a sample of 638 users of social media [mean (M)age standard deviation (SD)age = 21.57 (4.89)], depression symptoms, physical activity, and addictive SMU were assessed by an online survey. Physical activity significantly moderated the positive relationship between depression symptoms and addictive SMU. The higher the physical activity, the weaker the link between depression symptoms and addictive tendencies. Depressed individuals often tend to intensive use of social media to escape negative mood and to find relief. This enhances their risk to develop addictive tendencies. Physical activity may reduce this risk and foster well-being. Therefore, persons with increased depression symptoms should be screened for problematic SMU and be motivated to engage in physical activity.
Living with a Smoker and Multiple Health-Risk Behaviors.

BACKGROUND Behavioral medicine is showing growing theoretical and applied interest in multiple health-risk behaviors. Compared to engaging in a single health-risk behavior, multiple health-risk behaviors are linked to increased morbidity and mortality. A contextual determinant of multiple risk behaviors may be living with a smoker. PURPOSE This study investigated the role of living with a smoker in predicting multiple health-risk behaviors compared to a single health-risk behavior, as well as whether these multiple risk behaviors occur across both physical activity and dietary domains. Moreover, the study tested these effects across 3 years in longitudinal and prospective (controlling for health-risk behaviors at baseline) analyses. METHODS Participants were 82,644 women (age M = 63.5, standard deviation = 7.36, age range = 49-81) from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Analyses used multinomial and binary logistic regression. RESULTS Living with a smoker was more strongly associated with multiple health-risk behaviors than with a single health-risk behavior. These multiple risk behaviors occurred across both physical activity and dietary domains. The effects persisted across 3 years in longitudinal and prospective analyses. Living with a smoker, compared to not living with a smoker, increased the odds of multiple health-risk behaviors 82% cross-sectionally and, across 3 years, 94% longitudinally and 57% prospectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings integrate research on multiple health-risk behaviors and on living with a smoker and underscore an unrecognized public health risk of tobacco smoking. These results are relevant to household-level interventions integrating smoking-prevention and obesity-prevention efforts.
Oral health survey of the child population in the Valencia Region of Spain (2004).

Introduction (basis and objectives): The objectives of this study were to study the evolution of child oral health in the Valencia Region and establish a six-year interval for these surveys, at a time of major demographic changes associated with immigration into the region. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 509 children aged 6 years, 478 aged 12 years and 401 aged 15-16 years. The clinical examinations were performed by calibrated dentists (Kappa > 0.85). Results: Caries prevalence was 32% at 6 years of age (dft=1.08) in primary dentition and 42.5% at 12 years (DMFT=1.07) and 55.9% at 15-16 years (DMFT=1.84) in permanent dentition. Caries levels in immigrant children were significantly high. The mean numbers of sextants with bleeding were 0.16, 1.58 and 1.10 while the scores for sextants with calculus were 0.15, 0.76 and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: Caries levels in both primary and permanent dentition have remained stable at 6 and 12 years of age and have continued to fall in the 15-16-year-old age group.
Research Progress of Coleopteran Insect Species Antennal Sensilla

Scanning electron microscopy were highlight in entomology field recently years and were widely used in research on insect antennal sensilla.Sensilla chaetica,sensilla basiconica,sensilla trichodea,sensilla campaniformia,sensilla grooved peg,sensilla gemmiformium,sensilla finger,Bhm bristles were common sensillum types of coleopteran insect species.The structure and function of each antennal sensillum type were summarized.Research directions on antennal sensilla of coleopteran insect species in the future were also discussed.
Pronuclear and blastocyst morphology are associated age-dependently with embryo ploidy in in vitro fertilization cycles

Abstract This retrospective study aimed to assess the relationship between standard markers of embryo morphology, maternal age and blastocyst ploidy determined by trophectoderm (TE) biopsy and Next-generation Sequencing (NGS). A total of 774 oocytes and embryos from 288 PGT-A cycles were scored for pronuclear, cleavage stage and blastocyst morphology. Pronuclear oocytes aligned between the nuclei and presenting equal number of nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs) were designated Z1, oocytes showing equal number of NPBs, but not aligned, as Z2 while Z3 oocytes had an unequal number of NBPs between the nuclei or NPBs aligned in one nucleus and non-aligned in the other. Pronuclear oocytes with unequal-sized or non-aligned nuclei were designated Z4. Blastocysts were graded as BL1 (AA, AB or BA), BL2 (BB or CB) and BL3 (BC or CC) based on the combination of inner cell mass (ICM) and TE scores. Pronuclear and blastocyst morphology were correlated with aneuploidy in a < 40-year-old group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), but not in those ≥40 years. Interestingly, BL3 blastocysts classified as Z1 or Z3-Z4 on day-1 had different aneuploidy rates (BL3/Z1 = 46.7% vs. BL3/Z3-Z4 = 90.0%, p < 0.05). In summary, our data showed that pronuclear and blastocyst morphology are associated with blastocyst ploidy in younger patients. This may help embryo selection for embryo transfer and decision-making on which blastocysts should be biopsied in PGT-A cycles.
Texture recognition of pulmonary nodules based on volume local direction ternary pattern

ABSTRACT In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer has been increasing. Lung cancer detection is based on computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lung area to determine whether there are pulmonary nodules. And then judge what’s good and what’s bad. However, due to the traditional way of manual reading and lack of experience and other problems. This leads to visual fatigue and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. In order to detect pulmonary nodules early and accurately, a new assistant diagnosis method for pulmonary nodules is proposed. Firstly, the image is preprocessed and denoised by median filter, the lung parenchyma is segmented by random walk algorithm and the region of interest is extracted, and then, according to the continuity of the CT slices, the texture feature extraction method of pulmonary nodules based on volume local direction ternary pattern is used to extract the features. Finally, the pulmonary nodules are identified and classified by the assistant diagnosis model of pulmonary nodules based on Stacking algorithm. In order to illustrate the validity of the diagnosis model, the experiments are carried out by cross-validation of ten folds. Experiments using data from LIDC database show that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method are 82.2%, 85.7%, and 78.8%, respectively. Texture Recognition method based on volume vocal direction ternary pattern is feasible for the identification of pulmonary nodules and provides a reference value for doctor-assisted diagnosis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A stronger relationship between reward responsivity and trustworthiness evaluations emerges in healthy aging

ABSTRACT Older adults (OA) evaluate faces to be more trustworthy than do younger adults (YA), yet the processes supporting these more positive evaluations are unclear. This study identified neural mechanisms spontaneously engaged during face perception that differentially relate to OA’ and YA’ later trustworthiness evaluations. We examined two mechanisms: salience (reflected by amygdala activation) and reward (reflected by caudate activation) – both of which are implicated in evaluating trustworthiness. We emphasized the salience and reward value of specific faces by having OA and YA evaluate ingroup male White and outgroup Black and Asian faces. Participants perceived faces during fMRI and made trustworthiness evaluations after the scan. OA rated White and Black faces as more trustworthy than YA. OA had a stronger positive relationship between caudate activity and trustworthiness than YA when perceiving ingroup, but not outgroup, faces. Ingroup cues might intensify how trustworthiness is rewarding to OA, potentially reinforcing their overall positivity.
Virtual brain endocast of Antifer (Mammalia: Cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South America

A diverse fossil record of Cervidae (Mammalia) has been documented in the South American Pleistocene, when these animals arrived during the Great American Biotic Interchange. Using computed tomography‐scanning techniques, it is possible to access the endocranial morphology of extinct species. Here, we studied the brain endocast of the extinct late Pleistocene cervid Antifer ensenadensis from southern Brazil, one of the largest forms that lived on this continent, using comparative morphology, geometric morphometrics, and encephalization quotients. The analyzed endocasts demonstrate that A. ensenadensis had a gyrencephalic brain, showing a prominent longitudinal sinus (=sagittal superior sinus), which is also observed in the large South American cervid Blastocerus dichotomus. The encephalization quotient is within the variation of extant cervids, suggesting maintenance of the pattern of encephalization from at least the late Pleistocene. Geometric morphometric analysis suggested a clear and linear allometric trend between brain endocast size and shape, and highlights A. ensenadensis as an extreme form within the analyzed cervids regarding brain morphology.