Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations

This volume contains papers describing the tasks and participating systems in SemEval-2007 --- the Fourth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations. The SemEval-2007 workshop was held in conjunction with the Association for Computational Linguistics meeting on June 23-24, 2007 in Prague, Czech Republic. The ACL Special Interest Group on the Lexicon (SIGLEX) is the umbrella organization for SemEval-2007. SIGLEX previously ran three highly successful evaluation exercises for word sense disambiguation under the name Senseval. As the nature of the tasks in Senseval has evolved to include semantic analysis tasks outside of word sense disambiguation, the Senseval Committee changed the name of the evaluation exercises to SemEval. SemEval-2007 was very successful. Our call for tasks solicited 27 task proposals. After a careful review process and a call for interest in participation, we selected 18 tasks to be part of the evaluation. Over 100 teams participated with over 125 unique systems. As a comparison, Senseval-3 (2004) organized 14 tasks with 55 teams.
Characterization of Task-based Benchmarks from the Barcelona OpenMP Task Suite

The parallel programming community is witnessing two main trends - the growing popularity of task-based programming models and the growing complexity of multicore hardware. In order to see how these two trends fit each other, it is important to characterize the behavior of task-based benchmarks on modern multicore hardware. Besides leading to benchmark design optimizations, such characterization enables making educated tradeoffs in the design of task-handling middleware such as compilers and runtime systems.In this thesis work, we characterize task-based benchmarks from the Barcelona OpenMP Tasks Suite (BOTS) at the task-level. We focus on two aspects: how does the task scheduler fare in handling programmer exposed parallelism, and how does the task decomposition make use of the hardware memory hierarchy. Our characterization considers two diverse multicore architectures - one built for server systems, and the other for embedded systems. With respect to middleware, we consider GCC’s implementation of OpenMP tasks. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we complement existing thread and application level characterization of BOTS benchmarks with a finer task and memory hierarchy level characterization. Next, we identify BOTS performance bottlenecks and optimize Sort and FFT benchmarks to reduce their execution time by a factor 2 and 1.65 respectively on the server architecture.
Researching and Writing Dissertations in Business and Management

1. Introduction. PART 1: GETTING STARTED. 2. What is Research For and What Does it Involve? 3. Thinking About Doing: Choosing a Topic. 4. Choosing a Research Method. 5. Describing Research Objectives Through Mapping Sentences. 6. The Uses of Classification Systems and Typologies. 7. Managing the Research Process: A Basic Framework. PART 2: KEY QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS 8. Sampling - Choosing Your Subjects. 9. Questionnaire Design. 10. Quality and Quantity: Some Miscellaneous Methods. 11. Measuring Attitudes. 12. How to Interview. 13. So Just What is Ethnography? PART 3: KEY STATISTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES. 14. An Introduction to Statistical Terms and Concepts. 15. The Concept of Probability Theory. 16. Descriptive Statistics. 17. Statistical Tests. 18. Measures of Association. PART 4: WRITING THE DISSERTATION. 19. Key Techniques in Writing Up Your Dissertation. 20. The Oral Presentation of Dissertation Findings. Appendix - Statistical Tables. Index.
Memory-based Tone Recognition of Cantonese Syllables

MEMORY-BASED TONE RECOGNITION OF CANTONESE SYLLABLES Michael Emonts Department of Linguistics Master of Arts Speech recognition has only recently been applied to Cantonese. Considerable effort, however, has been spent in recognizing Mandarin, the standard dialect of Chinese. Prior to this thesis, the only published work on monosyllabic Cantonese tone recognition is from Tan Lee et al. (1993,1995). This thesis is the first of its kind in that it explores memory-based learning as a viable approach for Cantonese tone recognition. The memory-based learning algorithm employed in this thesis outperforms the highly respected and widely used neural network approach. Various numbers of tones and features are modeled to find the best method for feature selection and extraction. To further optimize this approach, experiments are performed to isolate the best feature weighting method, best class voting weights method, and the best number of k-values to implement. A detailed error analysis is also reported. This thesis will prove valuable as a future reference for memory-based learning in application to more complex tasks such as continuous speech tone recognition.
Generalized algorithmic debugging

From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this generalized algorithmic debugging tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.
A reconfigurable low-cost memory-efficient VLSI architecture for video scaling

A runtime reconfigurable very-large-scale integration(VLSI) architecture for image and video scaling by arbitrary factors with good antialiasing performance is presented in this paper.Video scaling is used in a wide range of applications from broadcast,medical imaging and high-resolution video effects to video surveillance,and video conferencing.Many algorithms have been proposed for these applications,such as piecewise polynomial kernels and windowed sine kernels.The sum of three shifted versions of a B-spline function,whose weights can be adjusted for different applications,is adopted as the main filter.The proposed algorithm is confirmed to be effective on image scaling applications and also verified by many widely acknowledged image quality measures.The reconfigurable hardware architecture constitutes an arbitrary scaler with low resource consumption and high performance targeted for field programmable gate array(FPGA) devices.The scaling factor can be changed on-the-fly,and the filter can also be changed during runtime within a unifying framework.
Lexicon and Grammar: The English Syntacticon

This text focuses on the need for a formal lexical theory, in particular one in which lexical insertion occurs at three derivational levels. Its syntactic, subcategorization-based approach fully analyzes constructions such as causatives, light verbs, nominalization, null arguments, passives, perfects, and pseudo-partitives. Rich empirical treatments based on English, French, Italian and Japanese further claim that morphology should be fully integrated into syntax. Theoretical constructs of Economy and Abstract Case are reformulated as conditions at three interfaces: the Dictionary, Logical Form and Phonological Form.
Differential equations and numerical analysis

This book has been written for students of A level Further Mathematics, and it is also a useful text for some college and university courses. It aims to be accessible to students who have only limited access to a teacher. The book is about the three activities involved in practical applications of mathematics: making a mathematical model of a situation; the solution of simple versions of models by exact formulas; and the numerical solution of more difficult models to compare with reality. This last area of mathematics has become more accessible now that calculators and computers are available and use of this technology is assumed in the text. In addition to ample practice exercises, with answers, there are three Project and Investigations sections which suggest more substantial pieces of mathematical work.
Cutting the Sentiment

In this thesis we have adapted a graph method used by Pang and Lee tonot use any machine learning, in order to use it for near real time sentimentanalysis. The machine learning step has been replaced with a novel approach toconstruct one positive document and one negative document respectively. These are positive and negative with respect to the features deemed most important inthe corpus and said features are extracted using an algorithm devised by Cataldiet al. This enables us to replace the machine learning step in Pang and Lees algorithm with a semantic matching between the documents to classify and the constructed documents.We find that TF-IDF is not a suitable measurement for discerning sentiment,and we also note some general difficulties in using the minimum cut algorithm ona near complete graph relating to the instability of said algorithm. The methodis found to give better results for the negative reviews than for the positive, and some possible reasons for this is also discussed.
A General Abductive System with Application to Plan Recognition andDiagnosis

A diverse set of intelligent activities, including natural language understanding, diagnosis, and scientific theory formation, requires the ability to construct explanations for observed phenomena. In this thesis, we view explanation as abduction, where an abduction explanation is a consistent set of assumptions which, together with background knowledge, logically entails a set of observations.
Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering: An Axiomatic Approach

Description: A powerful, unified approach to mathematical and computational modeling in science and engineering Mathematical and computational modeling makes it possible to predict the behavior of a broad range of systems across a broad range of disciplines. This text guides students and professionals through the axiomatic approach, a powerful method that will enable them to easily master the principle types of mathematical and computational models used in engineering and science. Readers will discover that this axiomatic approach not only enables them to systematically construct effective models, it also enables them to apply these models to any macroscopic physical system. Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering focuses on models in which the processes to be modeled are expressed as systems of partial differential equations. It begins with an introductory discussion of the axiomatic formulation of basic models, setting the foundation for further topics such as: Mechanics of classical and non–classical continuous systems Solute transport by a free fluid Flow of a fluid in a porous medium Multiphase systems Enhanced oil recovery Fluid mechanics Throughout the text, diagrams are provided to help readers visualize and better understand complex mathematical concepts. A set of exercises at the end of each chapter enables readers to put their new modeling skills into practice. There is also a bibliography in each chapter to facilitate further investigation of individual topics. Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering is ideal for both students and professionals across the many disciplines of science and engineering that depend on mathematical and computational modeling to predict and understand complex systems.
SSL Man-in-the-Middle Attacks

TCP/IP protocols have long been subject to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, but the advent of SSL/TLS was supposed to mitigate that risk for web transactions by providing endpoint authentication and encryption. The advent of Dug Song's 'webmitm' in late 2000 demonstrated the feasibility of mounting an MITM attack on the protocol, but a properlyconfigured client SSL implementation would warn the user about problems with the server certificate. This paper examines the mechanics of the SSL protocol attack, then focusses on the greater risk of SSL attacks when the client is not properly implemented or configured. One faulty SSL client implementation, Microsoft's Internet Explorer, allows for transparent SSL MITM attacks when the attacker has any CA-signed certificate. An even greater risk is posed by unprotected systems where an attacker can preload his/her own trusted root authority certificates. In public environments such as libraries and computer labs, there is little to prevent such an attack from taking place. Casual observation of such places indicates that an attacker would see them as low-risk, high-opportunity environments.
High Speed Publication Subscription Brokering Through Highly Parallel Processing on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

Abstract : Publish and subscribe approaches to information management systems reduce the complexity of these systems by loosely coupling publishers of information to subscribers of information through an intervening broker. Publications are typically written in Extensible Markup Language (XML) metadata, which a broker compares to XML Path Language (XPATH) predicates representing he subscriptions. Brokering matches result in the dissemination of a particular publication. Both the parsing of the American Standard Code for information interchange (ASCII) XML metadata and the evaluation of the logical predicates are time-consuming for programmable microprocessors. Augmenting programmable microprocessors with hardware acceleration from a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was determined here to reduce the latency and improved the throughput of this brokering. A hardware system was designed, built, and tested based upon utilizing (FPGA's) in the brokering process. Subscriptions were converted to hash values, and Look-Up-Table's (LUT's) were then synthesized on the FPGA's that corresponded to the hard value subscriptions. Ways to increase the reusability of LUT's were developed and demonstrated, which resulted in faster syntheses times, and an increase in the number of subscriptions possible on one FPGA. A software tool was developed and tested to completely facilitate automatic design generation for the FPGA syntheses. A method was developed and implemented to transfer multiple XML documents in group, which reduced the time delay in data transfer, the bottleneck in brokering, between the microprocessor and the FPGA. The brokering time of new publications was reduced to an average of 13 micron sec.
MANET protocol stack testing using wireless emulation platform

Wireless networks have become more important in today's world of hassle free communication. These networks have been used increasingly in critical applications in the medical field and in the army. The ability to remotely reprogram the devices has been especially important if a user did not have easy access to the device. Reprogramming required the ability to route the packet properly as well as reduce packet loss to a minimum. Such protocols would be used with critical applications and would need to be tested in an environment as close to the real one as possible. This thesis consisted of the creation of a wireless emulation platform on which a transport protocol Pump Slowly Fetch Quickly (PSFQ) would be tested and evaluated. A routing protocol, Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), enhanced with the Skipjack cryptographic algorithm was used to test the emulator and ensure that the emulator could emulate the mobility of nodes virtually. This was to make sure that the emulator allowed real tests to be carried out in real time. The PSFQ transport protocol enhanced with AODV was tested with the emulator to observe the effect of using a real wireless device and movement emulation on the protocol performance. The results showed that PSFQ was very stable even with a high degree of emulated movement as well as high link error rate. The results also revealed that even though the emulator did not emulate all the aspects of a mobile wireless medium, the ability to use a real wireless device provided additional constraints that needed to be taken into consideration to attain the targeted endto-end packet error rate. Table of
Learner-Centered English Language Education: The Selected Works of David Nunan

Introduction Part I: The Second / Foreign Language Curriculum 1. Learner-Centred Curriculum Development 2. Communicative tasks and the language curriculum 3. Conceptualizing Second Language Teaching and Learning 4. Seven hypotheses about second language teaching and learning 5. Closing the gap between learning and instruction 6. Focus on form in task-based language teaching 7. Task-based Language Teaching and Learning 8. The impact of English as a global language on educational policies and practices in the Asia-Pacific region Part II: Language and Culture 9. Discourse and language systems 10. Doing things with spoken language 11. Learner narratives in research and teaching 12. Dog rice and cultural dissonance 13. What does it mean to be 'language aware'? Part III: Teachers and Teaching 14. Toward a collaborative approach to curriculum development: A case study 15. Hidden voices: Insiders' perspectives on classroom interaction 16. Action Research and Professional Renewal
A Case Study of Code Generator Generation for Embedded SIMD Computers

Can today's most advanced compiler generation systems handle specialized parallel processor architectures? To answer this question, a compiler targeting the embedded RVIP SIMD architecture was generated, using a combination of the DML-P front-end generator and the BEG back-end generator from the CoSy compiler generation toolset. A number of difficulties were encountered when specifying the code generator, for example disability to denote arbitrary register sequences in BEG specifications. However, the end result was positive and a number of lessons were learned on how to improve and generalize the code generation framework. An industrial-strength radar image filtering application was compiled with the generated compiler, giving a benchmarked performance of 2.8 times slower compared to the the same application implemented in micro-code like assembly. Despite the slow-down, industry considered this to be much better than expected.
Accountable Information Flow for Java-Based Web Applications

Abstract : To enforce accountability of information in web applications, it is necessary to track and control information flows. Information flow control ensures that information affected by some source can be attributed to that source. This research explored new ways to control information flow in web applications by extending prior work on the JIF programming language. Several technical innovations made it possible to apply language-based information flow control in every tier of a web application: at the application server (in the SIF system), at the web browser (in the Swift system), and in the persistent store (in the Fabric system). Several peer-reviewed publications were produced, some appearing in highly competitive publication venues. In addition, most of the software produced under the auspices of this project, including the SIF and Swift systems, has been publicly released, along with manuals and tutorials explaining how to use them to build web applications.
Target classification strategies

Target classification algorithms have generally kept pace with developments in the academic and commercial sectors since the 1970s. However, most recently, investment into object classification by internet companies and various Human Brain Projects have far outpaced that of the defense sector. Implications are noteworthy. There are some unique characteristics of the military classification problem. Target classification is not solely an algorithm design problem, but is part of a larger system design task. The design flows down from a concept of operations (ConOps) and key performance parameters (KPPs). Inputs are image and/or signal data and time-synchronized metadata. The operation is real-time. The implementation minimizes size, weight and power (SWaP). The output must be conveyed to a time-strapped operator who understands the rules of engagement. It is assumed that the adversary is actively trying to defeat recognition. The target list is often mission dependent, not necessarily a closed set, and may change on a daily basis. It is highly desirable to obtain sufficiently comprehensive training and testing data sets, but costs of doing so are very high and data on certain target types are scarce. The training data may not be representative of battlefield conditions suggesting the avoidance of highly tuned designs. A number of traditional and emerging target classification strategies are reviewed in the context of the military target problem.
Task parallel and data parallel computing for subsurface inverse characterization problems

A braking mechanism or "hold back" is disclosed including a rotatable drum; a strap substantially encircling the periphery of the drum; a lever movable about a fulcrum located in a zone intermediate its ends, one end of the lever being pivotally connected to one end of the strap and the other end of the lever being constrained for movement within a predetermined range; an operative connection whereby movement of the lever is transmitted to the other end of the strap; and a chamber housing the several elements and defining a bath for an oil type liquid; the arrangement being such that normal rotational movement of the drum in one direction acts through the liquid disposed between the drum and the strap to urge the strap to an open position in which it does not obstruct movement of the drum, while rotational movement of the drum in the reverse direction acts through the liquid to urge the lever to move about its fulcrum so as to draw the strap into firm braking engagement with the periphery of the drum. The strap preferably comprises two arcuate sections pivotally connected to each other with a pivotal connection being provided between the free extremity of the first strap section and one end of the lever and a pressure zone in which movement of the lever about its fulcrum in a direction to exert a braking force is transmitted to the free end of the second strap section to tighten the strap about the periphery of the drum.