Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF WAIST AND HIP CIRCUMFERENCES USING BODY MASS INDEX IN DELHI SCHOOL GIRLS (6–11 YEARS)

Summary Central obesity has been associated with the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in children. A total of 358 Delhi school girls aged 6–11 years were measured for height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference. The study demonstrates a linear correlation between body mass index (BMI) and waist and hip circumference and suggests an indirect method of estimating waist and hip circumferences, whose high values may be used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Further investigations on different groups are needed to substantiate these results and attribute BMI a predictive value in the clinical setting for the risk and diagnosis of childhood obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Cognitive Neuropsychology

In this review, we examine how tactile misperceptions provide evidence regarding body representations. First, we propose that tactile detection and localization are serial processes, in contrast to parallel processing hypotheses based on patients with numbsense. Second, we discuss how information in primary somatosensory maps projects to body size and shape representations to localize touch on the skin surface, and how responses after use-dependent plasticity re ﬂ ect changes in this mapping. Third, we review situations in which our body representations are inconsistent with our actual body shape, speci ﬁ cally discussing phantom limb phenomena and anesthetization. We discuss problems with the traditional remapping hypothesis in amputees, factors that modulate perceived body size and shape, and how changes in perceived body form in ﬂ uence tactile localization. Finally, we review studies in which brain-damaged individuals perceive touch on the opposite side of the body, and demonstrate how interhemispheric mechanisms can give rise to these anomalous percepts.
Development of a direct contact astrocyte‐human cerebral microvessel endothelial cells blood–brain barrier coculture model

In conventional in‐vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) models, primary and immortalized brain microvessel endothelial cell (BMEC) lines are often cultured in a monolayer or indirect coculture or triculture configurations with astrocytes or pericytes, for screening permeation of therapeutic or potentially neurotoxic compounds. In each of these cases, the physiological relevancy associated with the direct contact between the BMECs, pericytes and astrocytes that form the BBB and resulting synergistic interactions are lost. We look to overcome this limitation with a direct contact coculture model.
Comparison of heat flux sensors for internal combustion engines on two hot air gun test rigs and a test engine

a , Van Caelenberg, R. ABSTRACT The heat transfer that occurs in the cylinder of internal combustion engines has a great influence on the efficiency, power output and emissions. Development of a model that is able to predict the heat transfer is needed in order to be able to use simulations for optimization of these three properties. Prior to developing a model, the heat transfer phenomenon has to be thoroughly investigated by performing measurements inside an engine. This allows for a detailed understanding of the process and for a validation of model predictions. In previous works, a commercially available thermopile has been used to measure the heat transfer in a hydrogen combustion engine. The use of this sensor as a heat flux sensor has already been positively evaluated in a previous paper. Its dimensions, however, limit its usability for engine measurements, as it is too large to mount in production type engines. Therefore, a comparison with two alternative sensors was performed to select the best one for engine heat transfer research. Two variations of a calibration rig were used, one with a fast opening shutter and one with a chopper with adjustable speed. This paper presents a comparison of the rise time based on measurements on both test rigs. Furthermore, measurements were carried out on a test engine to evaluate the capability of the sensors to determine the heat transfer to the cylinder walls.
Improving the Effects of Psychotherapy : The Use of Early Identification of Treatment Failure and Problem-Solving Strategies in Routine Practice

Client-focused research systems have been developed to monitor and provide feedback information about clients’ progress in psychotherapy as a method of enhancing outcome for those who are predicted to be treatment failures. In the current study, the authors examined whether feedback regarding client progress and the use of clinical support tools (CSTs) affected client outcome and number of sessions attended. Results showed that clients in the feedback plus CST group stayed in therapy longer and had superior outcomes. Nearly twice as many clients in the feedback plus CST group achieved clinically significant or reliable change, and fewer were classified as deteriorated by the time treatment ended.
Mouse Models Orthologous to FGFR3-Related Skeletal Dysplasias

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is one of the membrane bound tyrosine kinases that mediate the actions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members. Missense mutations in the coding regions of FGFR3 have been identified in allelic forms of short-limbed dwarfism. Using gene targeting, we demonstrated that Fgfr3 plays an essential role in endochondral ossification and that a loss-of-function mutation causes accelerated and prolonged long bone growth. Using a number of molecular genetic approaches, we also have introduced into the mouse genome a series of mutations that correspond to the missense mutations identified in individuals with achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. These mouse models mimic the human condition and can be used for further studies to identify and characterize in vivo changes associated with various Fgfr3 mutations. In addition, these models may be beneficial in future studies to attempt novel treatment strategies for short-limbed dwarfism.
Estrogen Receptor β (ESR2) Polymorphisms in Interaction With Estrogen Receptor α (ESR1) and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I (IGF1) Variants Influence the Risk of Fracture in Postmenopausal Women

In this large population‐based cohort study, variants in ESR2 were associated with increased risk of vertebral and incident fragility fracture in postmenopausal women. Interaction of ESR2 with ESR1 and IGF1 was determined and revealed a deleterious genetic combination that enhances the risk of osteoporotic fracture.
Neuroprotective effects of tetracyclines on blunt head trauma: An experimental study on rats

Background: Prevention of primary damage caused by head trauma may be avoided with protective measures and techniques which is a public health concern. Experimental and clinical studies about treatment of head trauma were all centered to prevent secondary damage caused by physiopathological changes following primary injury. Neuroprotective features of tetracyclines were the focus of several experimental studies in the last decade. In the present study we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of tetracycline in an experimental model of blunt brain injury in rats. Materials and Methods: 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8). Head trauma was not performed in control group (group 1, craniectomy only). In the second group, head trauma and craniectomy were performed. Intraperitoneal saline was used in addition to trauma and craniectomy for treatment in group 3 whereas intraperitoneal tetracycline and saline were used for treatment in group 4. Results: When histological examinations performed by transmission electron microscopy were evaluated, injury at ultrastructural level was demonstrated to be less pronounced in tetracycline group with decreased lipid peroxidation levels. Conclusion: In accordance with these findings, we conclude that systemic tetracycline administration is effective in reduction of secondary brain damage and brain edema and thus it may be considered as a therapeutic option.
Storing in Semantic Web – Vertical Partitioning Approach

This paper aims to provide storing solution for the Semantic Web which has some constraints in terms of efficiency and scalability because of the nature of resource description framework. RDF based on triple format (subject, property, object). The solution presented here is vertical partitioning approach in which two columns are used for each property. On the other hand, by having a look into property table technique in terms of concept, pros, and cons. Besides, a brief talk is provided about column-store approach and C-Store DBMS
Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody Ibalizumab Exhibits Breadth and Potency Against HIV-1, With Natural Resistance Mediated by the Loss of a V5 Glycan in Envelope

Objectives:Passive immunization for the prevention of HIV-1 infection is currently being reenergized. The anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody ibalizumab has demonstrated safety and efficacy in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials for treatment of HIV-1 infection and is undergoing a phase 1 clinical trial in HIV-1 uninfected individuals for prevention. Here, we sought to assess ibalizumab antiviral breadth and potency and to identify determinants of natural preexisting resistance. Methods:Ibalizumab breadth and potency was assessed against a large clinically relevant panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses (n = 116) commonly used to assess vaccine candidates. Determinants of resistance were assessed by sequence analysis. Results:Ibalizumab neutralized 92% and 66% of viruses as defined by 50% and 80% inhibition, respectively. Median in vitro neutralization potency by IC50 was 0.03 &mgr;g/mL, substantially lower than the broadly neutralizing mAbs, PG9, or VRC01. The dominant determinant of resistance was the absence of a potential N-linked glycosylation site (PNGS) at the V5 N-terminus (P < 0.001), with the V2 loop length possibly influencing the degree of resistance afforded by the absence of the V5 N-terminal PNGS (P = 0.001). Other significant independent correlates of resistance included PNGS at position 386 and the side chain length of residue 375. Ibalizumab exhibited complementary resistance to VRC01 (P = 0.006) and sCD4 (P < 0.001), in part mediated by the V5 PNGS. Conclusions:Ibalizumab breadth and potency compared favorably with broadly neutralizing anti–HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies, supporting the clinical development of ibalizumab, alone or in combination, for HIV-1 prevention.
Serial testing of Malaysian health care workers with QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube.

BACKGROUND Serial testing for tuberculosis (TB) exposure has been advocated among health care workers (HCWs) at risk of nosocomial infection. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and factors associated with TB infection among selected HCWs in Malaysia and to determine interferon-gamma response in serial testing. DESIGN A cohort of 769 HCWs were retested after 1 year using QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube. Incidence of TB infection was determined among HCWs who previously tested negative. Conversion and reversion rates using several definitions were explored. RESULTS Incidence of TB infection was 9.9 per 100 workers per year (95%CI 7.9-12.3). Working in the Emergency Department (ED; RR 2.18, 95%CI 1.07-4.43) was significantly associated with risk of TB infection. Reversion and conversion occurred frequently, with 46.7% reversion among HCWs with baseline interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels of 0.35-0.70 international units (IU)/ml, and 23.8% conversion among HCWs with baseline IFN-γ levels of 0.20-0.34 IU/ml. CONCLUSIONS TB infection control measures need to be strengthened, particularly in the ED, as the incidence of TB was high. Conversion and reversion rates in serial testing were high, and further studies are needed to facilitate its interpretation.
In vivo 31P NMR studies of orientation effects upon rat brain metabolism during mild hypoxia

Energy metabolites in rat brain under the same level of hypoxia were monitored by 31P NMR in both horizontal and vertical magnets. The changes in PCr, P|, and pHI in the vertical setting toward the end of hypoxia were significantly larger and the recovery in the horizontally held animals was more complete. The results demonstrated quantitatively that the stress of the alignment is superimposed on the stress of hypoxia in the vertical magnet.
Image restoration using filters and image quality assessment using reduced reference metrics

This paper proposes restoration of an image using filters before an image quality assessment is performed. Image noising is being done to a quality image by addition of impulse noise in different variances. There are two methods of image restoration namely; adaptive median filter and improved median filter. These filters are used to perform impulse noise removal function. Then the quality assessment of the restored image with original image (reference image) is performed. Reduced-reference metrics is implemented, wherein it makes use of only limited information from the reference image. For implementing reduced reference metrics, 2D Fourier transform is used to obtain the phase and magnitude value. This paper presents better results in terms of the combination of phase and magnitude score denoted as Qc. Based on Qc score, the suitable filter is chosen for the particular value of variance of the impulse noise. The least Qc score indicates the best quality image and highest score indicate the worst image quality. From the analysis with Qc score, it was found that higher impulse noise image can be restored by means of improved median filter and the lower impulse noise image can be restored by means of adaptive median filter.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the killifish Orestias sp. (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae) from the high Andean range

Abstract The killifish genus Orestias is endemic to freshwater ecosystems in the High Andes of Peru, Bolivia and Chile. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies with partial mitochondrial genes have failed to resolve relationship among species, needing more comprehensive approaches. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of Orestias sp. from Lirima, northern Chile, with the aim to provide useful data for phylogenetic purposes and species delimitation. The mitochondrial genome was assembled with 2.6 million of reads obtained through an Ion Torrent (chip 318) sequencer. The circular sequence of 16,617 bp showed the following nucleotide composition: A, 26.7%, C, 27.1%, G, 17.0%, and T, 29.2%. Gene composition and structure were similar to other fish sequences available, and comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 12S and 16S rRNA, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region.
Two-dimensional optical spectroscopy by periodic excitation of sublevel coherence with sub-Doppler resolution.

The response of ground-state spin coherence to narrow-band periodic optical excitation is studied theoretically and experimentally. The dependence of the induced oscillating magnetization on the transverse magnetic field and on the frequency of the laser radiation is calculated for a four-level model system from a Bloch-type equation, yielding a two-dimensional resonance line. The application of this two-dimensional high-resolution Zeeman and optical spectroscopy is demonstrated experimentally in the case of the ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$ line of atomic rubidium vapor. Resolution in the kilohertz range is achieved, which allows clear spectral separation of the two isotopes $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, showing overlapping lines in the conventional optical absorption spectrum.
Recent space PV concentrator advances: More robust, lighter, and easier to track

Over the past three years, the authors have collaborated on several significant advances in space photovoltaic concentrator technology, including a far more robust Fresnel lens for sunlight concentration, improved color-mixing features for the lens to minimize chromatic aberration losses for next-generation 4-junction and 6-junction IMM cells, a new approach to sun-tracking requiring only one axis of rotation even in the presence of large beta angles (e.g., ± 50°), a new waste heat radiator made of graphene, with 80-90% reduction in mass, and a new platform for deployment and support on orbit (SOLAROSA). These patent-pending advances are described in this paper.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS FROM BAMBOO PULP

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can be obtained from bamboo pulp by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. Firstly, the authors conducted a series of experiments under different conditions, and concluded that the optimal parameters were as follows: sulfuric acid concentration 60%, temperature 45 °C, the time is 90 minutes and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:8. Then, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) were employed to characterize and test the morphology, structure and thermal stability of the CNCs obtained under the optimal conditions. It was found that CNCs mainly exist in two forms, as a rod network and as a porous network, and they have the basic chemical structure of cellulose, while the hydrogen bonds are destroyed. Compared with bamboo pulp, the degree of crystallinity of CNCs is obviously improved, but the thermal stability is weakened.
Optimal path planning considering robustness based on the form of the travel time function

In this paper, we propose an optimization model for planning a robust path against changes in traffic volume. Robustness is based on the form of the travel time function. The proposed model can be applied not only when traffic volume increases but also when it decreases. In addition, the proposed model can set the ratio of consideration by a parameter depending on whether the traffic volume is increasing or decreasing. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated using actual traffic data from the Kanto region in Japan.
A novel TaqMan real-time PCR assay to estimate ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fitness in the era of multi-target (pol and env) antiretroviral therapy.

Despite numerous studies on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fitness, many key conceptual and technical questions are still unsolved. For example, the proper system to determine virus fitness of HIV-1 is still unknown. In this study, an assay was developed to estimate HIV-1 fitness based on growth competition experiments and TaqMan real-time PCR. This novel technique was compared with several methods (i.e. virus growth kinetics, growth competition/heteroduplex-tracking analysis and single-cycle replication capacity assay) in order to analyse the impact of various genomic regions and overall genetic background on virus fitness. HIV-1 primary isolates and three different sets of recombinant viruses [i.e. recombinant clones carrying protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) or the 3' end of Gag, PR and RT (3'Gag/PR/RT), sequences amplified by PCR from the same primary isolates)] were evaluated. Here, it is demonstrated that, in spite of intrinsic differences, both growth competition/TaqMan and single-cycle replication assays detected a significant reduction in HIV-1 fitness as a consequence of drug-resistant mutations in pol. However, this new assay, based on HIV-1 isolates, may be useful to quantify replicative fitness in viruses from patients treated simultaneously with antiretroviral drugs targeting different genomic regions of HIV-1 (e.g. pol and env).
Running head : DECISION BY SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS EFFICIENT CODING 2

The theory of decision by sampling (DbS) proposes that an attribute’s subjective value is its rank within a sample of attribute values retrieved from memory. This can account for instances of context dependence beyond the reach of classic theories which assume stable preferences. In this paper, we provide a normative justification for DbS that is based on the principle of efficient coding. The efficient representation of information in a noiseless communication channel is characterized by a uniform response distribution, which the rank transformation implements. However, cognitive limitations imply that decision samples are finite, introducing noise. Efficient coding in a noisy channel requires smoothing of the signal, a principle that leads to a new generalization of DbS. This generalization is closely connected to range-frequency theory, and helps descriptively account for a wider set of behavioral observations, such as how context sensitivity varies with the number of available response categories.
Simultaneous Determination of Morphine, Morphine Glucuronides (M3G, M6G) and Oxycodone in Human Plasma by High-performance Liquid Chromatography

Morphine and oxycodone are widely used as analgesic drugs for cancer pain. Frequently, morphine and oxycodone are given alternately to avoid adverse drug reactions. Morphine is metabolized primarily into two glucuronide metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide to be pharmacologically active. Morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide have neuroexcitatory action and analgesic activity, respectively. Oxymorphone, a metabolite of oxycodone, has an analgesic effect, however it is so small that it can be neglected when considering oxycodone. The pharmacological effects of these drugs and also their metabolites have been reported in experimental papers, but in humans, the relationships between these plasma concentrations and the clinical effects remain unclear. Also the necessity for simultaneous determination of both drugs has been suggested because opioid rotation is performed clinically. However, to date there is no study which has simultaneously determined these four drugs, and also achieved a high recovery. In this paper, in order to perform a reliable pharmacokinetic study of cancer pain patients receiving morphine and oxycodone, an easy, rapid, sensitive and selective analytical method was proposed and validated.
Robust CDR calculation for glaucoma identification

The two major eye diseases that affect human eye is Glaucoma and Diabetic retinopathy. Both these diseases cause permanent eye damage and about 50% of vision loss before identification. Till date early detection of these vision loss causing diseases is challenging. These diseases can be identified only after it has damaged more than 25% of the eye. Glaucoma is caused due to increase in the intraocular pressure that damages the retinal. The inner side of the retina is viewed through a camera called the Fundus Imager. This imager is capable of recording the view of retina with respect to the patient. This procedure makes us capable to identify the damages caused by these diseases in early stages. Detecting the optic disc and cup from a fundus image and calculating the CDR value is a method used to identify glaucoma in its early stages. In this paper we have proposed an automatic process to locate the optic disc and the optic cup from the retinal image. The optic disc is located at the centre of the eyes nervous system. This is the brightest region of the fundus image. The cup which is the inner part of the optic disc is obtained by further segmenting the fundus image. For better results different color planes of the same fundus image is been used. The optic cup to disc ratio is an important factor used to identify glaucoma. Glaucoma patients have a high CDR value. This is mainly due to the increase in the cup diameter. This can also be related to the thinning of the nerve rim.