Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of immunocastration and housing conditions on pig carcass and meat quality traits1

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of immunocastration and housing conditions on carcass, meat, and fat quality traits. Immunocastrates (IC, n = 48), entire (EM, n = 48), and surgical castrates (SC, n = 48) male pigs were reared under three different housing conditions. The conditions were standard (n = 36), enriched (n = 36, twice as much space as standard and additional outdoor access), or standard with repeated social mixing (n = 72). Pigs of the IC group were vaccinated at the age of 12 and 22 wk. The animals were slaughtered in four batches, balanced for sex category and housing, at the age of 27 wk reaching 124.7 ± 1.0 kg. Immunocastration led to increased fat deposition (i.e., thicker subcutaneous fat at different anatomical locations, more leaf fat, fatter belly in IC than EM, P < 0.05) but did not affect muscularity traits. As a result, EM exhibited higher and SC lower (P < 0.05) carcass leanness than IC. Fatty acids composition of either subcutaneous or intramuscular fat (IMF) agreed with general adiposity, that is, IC were intermediate between EM and SC exhibiting the lowest and highest fat saturation (P < 0.05), respectively. Compared to SC, EM exhibited higher (P < 0.05) levels of muscle oxidation and collagen content than SC, with IC taking an intermediate position in the case of the level of peroxidation and collagen content, or closer to SC as regards to oxidation of muscle proteins (i.e., carbonyl groups). Meat quality (including marbling score, cooking loss, subjective color redness, and chroma) of IC was similar to EM, and both differed (P < 0.05) from SC. However, IC and SC had less (P < 0.05) tough meat than EM, consistent with protein oxidation. The effect of housing was less evident. Mixing of pigs resulted in lower (P < 0.05) carcass weight and fatness in all sex categories with lower (P < 0.05) oleic and higher (P < 0.05) arachidonic acid in IMF of EM.
GFTL: Group-Level Mapping in Flash Translation Layer to Provide Efficient Address Translation for NAND Flash-Based SSDs

NAND flash memory has been widely used as data storage devices in consumer electronics, such as tablet computers and smart phones. Logical-to-physical address translation is important for improving the performance of NAND flash-based SSDs. Even though keeping the mapping table in a DRAM can boost the address translation, it is already infeasible to do this as the capacity of SSDs keeps increasing and only a limited part of DRAM will be used as the mapping cache. Orthogonal to the demand-based page-level FTLs, we develop a novel group-level mapping which divides the whole SSD into multiple equal-size groups. To map a logical-page-number to a physical-page-number, it will be translated into a group number and an offset. The group number can be obtained via calculation, and the offset will be retrieved from a recorded mapping entry which can correspond to any position within a group. Group-level mapping reduces the size of mapping table while obtaining the similar flexibility as the page-level mapping. We also design an effective group-level FTL (GFTL) with a block pool management approach. Our simulations show that GFTL improves the hit ratio of mapping cache and thus reduces the average response time.
A novel SAW temperature-humidity-pressure (THP) sensor based on LiNbO3 for environment monitoring

In this paper, a temperature-humidity-pressure (THP) sensor based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices is proposed for the simultaneous monitoring of temperature, humidity and pressure. The developed THP sensor consists of three SAW one-port resonators fabricated onto Y-cut LiNbO3 with frequencies of 81, 85.2, and 89.92 MHz for temperature, humidity and pressure sensing respectively. Graphene oxide was used as a sensitive layer material for the SAW humidity sensor. A flexible cantilever beam was used as a sensitive structure for the pressure sensor. Prior to fabrication, both the temperature sensitivity of the substrate and the deformation of the cantilever beam were simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics. The frequency drift of the humidity sensor is obtained through analysis. According to the simulation results and analysis, the resonant frequency and frequency distribution of each sensor were reasonably set to avoid mutual interference. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed THP sensor can operate in an ambient environment with a temperature range of 25 °C–200 °C, pressure range of 0–42 kPa, and humidity range of 10%–90% relative humidity (RH) with good repeatability and stability, which can be attributed to simulation optimization and the use of strongly hydrophilic nanomaterials. The humidity sensor exhibits relatively high sensitivity (absolute sensitivity of 5.1 kHz/%RH and relative sensitivity of 59.97 ppm/%RH) over a wide test range from 10% to 90% RH with very little hysteresis at 35 °C and 0 kPa. Additionally, the humidity sensor provides good reversibility, excellent short-term repeatability and stability with a fast response time of approximately 8.3 s and recovery time of approximately 4.8 s.
Religion in Vichy France: How Meso-Level Actors Contribute to Authoritarian Legitimation

Abstract Research on authoritarian legitimation suggests that rulers seek support through ideological, personalistic, performance-based, and procedural strategies. Typically, however, this work only considers the dynamics of legitimation between rulers and civilians. In contrast, this paper suggests that meso-level actors play a critical role in shaping legitimation from both above and below. Through an historical analysis of the French episcopate’s support for the Vichy regime from 1940 to 1942, I identify four practices that bolstered Vichy’s attempts to accrue legitimacy and simultaneously identify the consequences of these practices for the Church’s relationship with Jews. Public endorsements by the religious authorities for Marshal Pétain, their cooperation with the Vichy administration, the expression of shared values, and common rhetoric all contributed to the regime’s legitimation process while leading to a concomitant decline in the hierarchy’s ties to the rabbinate. These results suggest that attention to meso-level actors brings into relief important dynamics about how legitimation processes unfold in authoritarian settings while simultaneously contributing to research on the Holocaust in France.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF ABCG2 AND DGAT1 GENES IN WHITE FULANI AND MUTURU CATTLE BREEDS

Constant improvement of desirable traits is the key to a sustainable animal production and marker-assisted selection is pivotal to achieving this aim. Marker-assisted selection guides farmers by taking advantage of genetic variations within candidate genes that influence production traits in the animals. One of such desirable traits is milk production. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) protein is involved in the transport of xenobiotics and other nutrients such as cholesterol from the blood into the milk. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) plays a crucial role in regulating the rate of synthesis of triacylglycerides in fat cells such as those in the mammary gland. Previous researches have reported association between these genes and milk production traits in cattle. In this study, we examined polymorphisms in the variable regions of these candidate genes in Africa’s White Fulani and Muturu cattle breeds. The results revealed three variants, KK, AK and AA for DGAT1 exon 8. The KK genotype predominates in both breeds with a frequency of 83% and 60% in White Fulani and Muturu, respectively. All sampled animals in both breeds were monomorphic at the ABCG2 exon 14.
HiLITE: Hierarchical and Lightweight Imitation Learning for Power Management of Embedded SoCs

Modern systems-on-chip (SoCs) use dynamic power management (DPM) techniques to improve energy efficiency. However, existing techniques are unable to efficiently adapt the runtime decisions considering multiple objectives (e.g., energy and real-time requirements) simultaneously on heterogeneous platforms. To address this need, we propose HiLITE, a hierarchical imitation learning framework that maximizes the energy efficiency while satisfying soft real-time constraints on embedded SoCs. Our approach first trains DPM policies using imitation learning; then, it applies a regression policy at runtime to minimize deadline misses. HiLITE improves the energy-delay product by 40 percent on average, and reduces deadline misses by up to 76 percent, compared to state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we show that the trained policies not only achieve high accuracy, but also have negligible prediction time overhead and small memory footprint.
Searching for Test Case Prioritization Schemes: An Expert System-Assisted Literature Review.

Given the large numbers of publications in software engineering, frequent literature reviews are required to keep current on work in specific areas. One tedious work in literature reviews is to find relevant studies amongst thousands of non-relevant search results. In theory, expert systems can assist in finding relevant work but those systems have primarily been tested in simulations rather than in application to actual literature reviews. Hence, few researchers have faith in such expert systems. Accordingly, using a realistic case study, this paper assesses how well our state of the art expert system can help with literature reviews. The goal of the assessed literature review was to identify test case prioritization techniques for automated UI testing; specifically from 8,349 papers on IEEE Xplore. This corpus was studied with an expert system that incorporates an incrementally updated human-in-the-loop active learning tool. Using that expert system, in three hours, we found 242 relevant papers from which we identified 12 techniques representing the state-of-the-art in test case prioritization when source code information is not available. These results were then validated by six other graduate students manually exploring the same corpus. Without the expert system, this task would have required 53 hours and would have found 27 additional papers. That is, our expert system achieved 90% recall with 6% of the human effort cost when compared to a conventional manual method. Significantly, the same 12 state-of-the-art test case prioritization techniques were identified by both the expert system and the manual method. That is, the 27 papers missed by the expert system would not have changed the conclusion of the literature review. Hence, if this result generalizes, it endorses the use of our expert system to assist in literature reviews.
The treatment of functional constipation significantly increased quality of life in children aged 4-17 years.

BACKGROUND/AIMS In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of 6-week treatment on quality of life in 4-17-year-old children with functional constipation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The children 4-17 years old diagnosed as functional constipation according to Rome IV criteria, between June and December 2018 were included in the study. KINDL scales were applied to patients and their parents before starting treatment for 6 weeks and after the end of the treatment. RESULTS The study was completed with 42 patients. The majority of the patients (54,8%) were female cases and the general part of them (45,2%) were between 4-6 years old. The age at onset of constipation was found to be 5,19±3,658 years. Total KINDL scores of both children and parents were lower before the treatment. Significant improvement was observed in the symptoms of constipation after 6 weeks of treatment. There was a statistically significant (p<0,05) increase in children's subgroup and total KINDL scores after treatment. Parental subgroup and total KINDL scores also showed a statistically significant (p<0,05) increase after treatment. The treatment of functional constipation was found to be highly effective with the eyes of both children and parents in improving the quality of life. (Eta value, η2. >0,25) Conclusion: A significant increase was observed in all areas of life quality and total score in children with functional constipation after a regular treatment. We think that the treatment of children with functional constipation will significantly improve their quality of life.
Endogenous Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women without Established Comorbidity

Abstract Purpose The impact of endogenous androgen levels on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women remains uncertain. The objective was to investigate associations between endogenous androgen levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in young women without established comorbidity. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, women aged 18 to 50 years who underwent measurement of plasma testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) for the first time from January 2007 to December 2015 were included. Androgens were analyzed using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Women with established comorbidity were excluded, using Danish healthcare registries. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs, 95% confidence intervals) of type 2 diabetes according to quartiles of plasma androgens using multivariate Poisson regression models. Results A total of 8876 women, with a mean ± SD age of 38.5 ± 4.6 years and a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up duration of 8.1 (6.6-9.4) years, were eligible for analyses. During 69 728 person-years, 69 women were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Women in the highest quartile of plasma total testosterone and calculated free testosterone displayed increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the lowest quartile: IRR 1.97 (1.01; 3.85), P = . 048 and IRR 7.32 (2.84; 18.83), P < . 001. SHBG was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, Q4 versus Q1; IRR 0.06 (0.02; 0.21), P < . 001. Plasma DHEA-S and DHT were not associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Higher levels of plasma total and free testosterone were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes among women.
User-centered development of a hypospadias decision aid prototype.

INTRODUCTION Many parents who choose hypospadias repair for their sons experience decisional conflict (DC) and decisional regret (DR). We previously found that parental decision-making about hypospadias surgery is a complex process characterized by cyclic information-seeking to alleviate anxiety and confusion. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to engage parents of hypospadias patients and pediatric providers in the co-design of a decision aid (DA) prototype to facilitate shared decision-making about hypospadias surgery and address DC and DR. METHODS From August 2018 to January 2019, we conducted three co-design workshops with parents of hypospadias patients, pediatric urology and general pediatric providers to discuss their recommendations for a DA prototype. Activities were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcripts and worksheets were analyzed by six coders using qualitative analysis to identify key aspects of a hypospadias DA desired by stakeholders. We conducted a collaborative design and prototyping session to establish key features and requirements, created a content map visualizing this work, and then developed a DA prototype. RESULTS Parent participants included 6 mothers and 4 fathers: 8 Caucasian, 2 African-American; median age 31 years. Providers included pediatric urology (n = 7) and general pediatric providers (n = 10): median age 47.5 years, 83.3% Caucasian, 58.3% male, 58.3% MD's and 41.7% nurse practitioners. Participants created user-friendly, interactive DA prototypes with "24/7" availability that had three key functions: 1) provide accurate, customizable, educational content, 2) connect parents with each other, and 3) engage them in a decision-making activity. The prototype consisted of five modules (Extended Summary Figure). "Hypospadias Basics" includes epidemiology and a hypospadias severity scale. "Surgery Basics" includes goals, illustrated steps, and pros/cons of surgery. "Testimonials" includes videos of parents and adolescents discussing their experiences. "Help me Decide" includes a decisional conflict scale and a decision-making activity (i.e. values clarification method). "Frequently Asked Questions" covers general hypospadias information, perioperative expectations and a review of postoperative care. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first DA prototype developed for a pediatric urology condition using a human-centered design approach to engage many key stakeholders in the development process. One limitation of this study is the small population sampled, which limits generalizability and means that our findings may not reflect the views of all parents or pediatric providers involved in hypospadias decision-making. CONCLUSIONS We created a parent-centered hypospadias DA prototype that provides decision support in an online, interactive format. Future directions include further testing with usability experts, providers and parents.
Assessing Uncertainty in Coastal Marsh Core Sampling for Waterfowl Foods

Abstract Quantifying foraging resources available to waterfowl in different habitat types is important for estimating energetic carrying capacity. To accomplish this, most studies collect soil-core samples from the marsh substrate, sieve and sort food items, and extrapolate energy values to wetland or landscape scales. This is a costly and time-intensive process; furthermore, extrapolation methods yield energy estimates with large variances relative to the mean. From both research and management perspectives, it is important to understand sources of this variation and estimate the number of soil cores needed to reduce the variance to desired levels. Using 2,341 cores collected from freshwater and salt marsh habitats at four sites along the Atlantic Coast, we examined sampling variation and biological variation among sites and habitats. When we removed extreme outliers in the data caused by large animal food items found in a small core sample, estimates of energy density decreased by an order of magnitude .
Somatic chromosome differentiation in three species of the Byblis liniflora complex (Byblidaceae)

We conducted chromosomal characterizations of three species in the Byblis liniflora complex using sequential fluorescent staining with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and fluorescence in situ hybridization method. Byblis filifolia and B. rorida had the diploidal chromosome number of 2n=16, while B. liniflora had the tetraploidal chromosome number of 2n=32. All chromosomes of three species were median-centromeric. The primary constrictions, which contain centromeric regions, showed slightly CMA-positive stainability. Two CMA-positive DAPI-negative segments were observed on two chromosomes of the diploids B. rorida and B. filifolia, and the tetraploid B. liniflora. The 45S rDNA signals were detected on two chromosomes of the diploid and the tetraploid species, respectively. The positions of the 45S rDNA were corresponded to CMA-positive DAPI-negative segments.
Mutualistic ants and parasitoid communities associated with a facultative myrmecophilous lycaenid, Arhopala japonica, and the effects of ant attendance on the avoidance of parasitism

Herbivorous insects have evolved various defensive strategies to avoid their primary enemies, parasitoids. Many species of Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) have food‐for‐protection mutualism with ants in their larval stages, where larvae produce nectar for ants and in return ants exclude parasitoids as well as predators. Myrmecophilous relationships are divided into two categories, obligate and facultative, by degrees of myrmecophily. Although parasitoids attacking obligate lycaenids always encounter lycaenid‐specific ant species, parasitoids that use facultative lycaenids are likely to encounter diverse ant species showing various defense systems. However, we know little about the parasitoid community of facultative lycaenid larvae. In this study, we investigated the mutualistic ant and parasitoid communities of a facultative myrmecophilous species, Arhopala japonica, in seven localities in Japan. The present field observation newly recorded four ant species attending A. japonica larvae, and combined with the previous data, the number of attending ant species reached 16, which is nearly the maximum number of reported attending ant species among myrmecophilous lycaenids. However, the present study revealed that almost all parasitized A. japonica larvae were attacked by a single braconid species, Cotesia sp. near inducta. We also assessed the efficiency of facultative ant defense against the parasitoid in the laboratory and revealed that oviposition by Cotesia sp. near inducta females was almost completely hindered when A. japonica larvae were attended by ants. This suggests that the dominant parasitoid does not have effective traits to overcome defensive behavior of ants and that the female wasps oviposit mainly in A. japonica larvae without intensive attendance.
Distribution of Marine Invertebrates by Ships

In comparatively recent years a number of sedentary marine invertebrates have been found on the east coast of Australia, where they were previously unknown. New records for Australian waters are: Bryozoa — Bugula flabellata Thompson,Conopeum tubigerum Osburn, Schizoporella unicornis Johnston, Watersipora cucullata Busk, and Anguinella palmata van Beneden; Polycliaeta ( Serpulidae) — Mercierella enigmatica Fauvel; Cirripedia — Balanus algicola Pilsbry. By reason of their abundance, these species could not have been overlooked by field collectors, and as they are ship-fouling organisms in other parts of the world it is concluded that they have been introduced by ships. An examination is made of the factors militating against such importations, but despite the difficulties encountered, organisms can be successfully translocated by ships. Mention is made of some of the more outstanding introductions that have occurred overseas in recent years. The available evidence suggests that many cosmopolitan species may owe their wide distribution to the movements of shipping.
Nonlinear Analysis of Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Prediction Deployment of Tethered Space Robot

This article proposes a discrete-time sliding mode prediction controller for deploying tethered space robot, and tension control strategy in deployment carries a limited input nature for the underactuated system. A linear component involving swinging angle and a fractional power component involving length combine to establish a novel discrete-time quasi-terminal sliding surface for underactuated dynamics. The corresponding reduced-order system is decoupled by using a hierarchical constrictive analysis methodology to generate an equivalent relationship between length and swinging angle, and the stability of the entire system is governed by multidelay system of length. The D-decomposition technique is employed to deduce that the steady-state error of length is ultimately uniformly bounded. The optimal reaching law is designed based on the sliding mode prediction algorithm, which can guarantee that the prediction correction converge to zero, and the sliding surface with a small boundary layer can hence be established in finite steps under the limited tension control with a modified input compensation sequence. Simulation results verify the correction of stability analyses on dynamics and the steady-state behavior of the sliding mode, and from the numerical results, the proposed method can save $\text{15}{\%}$ time for deploying tethered space robot by only using tension than normal discrete-time sliding mode control.