Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Claim Assessment Models in Crop Insurance

Agricultural insurance is considered one of the engines of the development of the agricultural industry. Without a developed of agricultural insurance market, farmers cannot manage their risks to protect their investments, which leads us to say that, in this context, the modernization of the agricultural industry will not succeed. Investments in technology to modernize agriculture in order to increase productivity are very important, and in order to have stability, there must be tools on the insurance market to protect farmers. The larger the insurance market, the more diversified protection instruments exist as options for the farmers. In order for the insurance market to be able to develop and come to farmers with diversified products, the involvement of the state with different financing measures / schemes is needed. At the international level, depending on each country, the state is involved with different schemes. The more the state is involved, the more developed the insurance market is, which led to an increase in the well-being of the agricultural sector. The impact on the insurance market was not only in diversifying the protection instruments but also in reducing their cost. This has led to the possibility for farmers to transfer to the insurance market several types of risks at sustainable costs. Starting from the importance of the way in which a claim assessment is performed, in this paper we propose to make a comparative study between a classical method of claim assessment in the case of agricultural crops and a modern method of assessment based on satellite data/images. The comparative analysis aims to highlight the impact of different methods in establishing the final value that the farmer is going to collect from the insurer.
Online stator fault diagnosis in induction motors

This paper presents a noninvasive and online method for detection of stator winding faults in three-phase induction motors from observation of negative sequence supply current. A power decomposition technique (PDT) has been used to derive positive and negative sequence components of measured voltages and currents. A fault detection algorithm has been developed to characterise the effects of supply imbalance and nonlinear motor effects (motor iron saturation, winding imbalance, rotor static eccentricity), which also generate negative sequence current. The effects of motor heating and variation in negative sequence resistance with slip change are minimised by using only motor negative sequence reactance to calculate supply negative sequence current. Change in the motor negative sequence impedance under supply imbalance due to load variation (mainly because of closed rotor slots effect) has been included. Experimental results on several motors show that negative sequence impedance can vary between 10% to 50%. Semiempirical formulas based on theoretical and experimental results have been proposed to eliminate the effects of supply imbalance, load, and voltage variation. Compensation for this negative sequence current before making the fault decision enables a high fault sensitivity to be achieved.
USING THE ANSWERS MODEL TO PREDICT RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

ABSTRACT The distributed parameter model ANSWERS was used to predict runoff and soil loss for two small agricultural watersheds in southwestern Quebec. Runoff predictions were compared for 24 observed events. Peak flow was generally underpredicted and time to peak was overpredicted. A seasonal adjustment of infiltration parameters was derived to account for crusting and sealing of the soils in the spring and fall. Runoff predictions with adjusted parameters were better than those with measured parameters. Predictions of sediment concentration and yield, with adjusted infiltration parameters, were compared with seven observed storm events. ANSWERS under-predicted sediment yield for all events.
Wideband circularly polarized square slot antenna with an annular patch

This article presents a novel and compact circularly polarized square slot antenna (CPSSA) that operates across 2.93–11.43 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 118% for VSWR ≤ 2. This makes the antenna feasible for UWB applications requiring high data rate transmission. The antenna with an annular radiation patch is fed through a coplanar waveguide and includes two inverted‐L shaped ground arms at two opposite corners of the slot to excite two orthogonal resonant modes for circular‐polarization (CP) radiation. A semicircular stub is embedded in the feed‐line to enhance its impedance bandwidth. The antenna exhibits CP bandwidth of 22.2% across 4.87–6.09 GHz, which incorporates the WLAN band. In addition, the antenna has a significantly smaller volume of 25 × 25 × 0.8 mm3. The measured and simulated results confirm the usefulness of the antenna for practical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:229–233, 2014
Three-dimensional machine vision utilising optical coherence tomography with a direct read-out CMOS camera

Presented is a comprehensive characterisation of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and digital signal processor (DSP) camera, and its implementation as an imaging tool in full-field optical coherence tomography (OCT). The camera operates as a stand-alone imaging device, with the CMOS sensor, analogue-to-digital converter, DSP, digital input/output and random access memory all integrated into one device, autonomous machine vision being its intended application. The 1024x1024 pixels of the CMOS sensor function as a two-dimensional photodiode array, being randomly addressable in space and time and producing a continuous logarithmic voltage proportional to light intensity. Combined with its 120dB logarithmic response range and fast frame rates on small regions of interest, these characteristics allow the camera to be used as a fast full-field detector in carrier based optical metrology. Utilising the camera in an OCT setup, three-dimensional imaging of a typical industrial sample is demonstrated with lateral and axial resolutions of 14μm and 22μm, respectively. By electronically sampling a 64x30 pixel two-dimensional region of interest on the sensor at 235 frames per second as the sample was scanned in depth a volumetric measurement of 875μm x 410μm x 150μm was achieved without electromechanical lateral scanning. The approach presented here offers an inexpensive and versatile alternative to traditional OCT systems and provides the basis for a functional machine vision system suitable for industrial applications.
Probabilistic bicriterion optimum inspection/monitoring planning: applications to naval ships and bridges under fatigue

Initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in steel structures induced by repetitive actions are highly random due to both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties related to material properties, loads, damage, modelling and other factors. For this reason, a probabilistic approach is necessary to predict the fatigue crack growth damage. This study presents a probabilistic approach for combined inspection/monitoring planning for fatigue-sensitive structures considering uncertainties associated with fatigue crack initiation, propagation and damage detection. This combined inspection/monitoring planning is the solution of an optimisation formulation, where the objective is minimising theexpected damage detection delay. Furthermore, this formulation is extended to a bicriterion optimisation considering the conflicting relation between expected damage detection delay and cost. A set of Pareto solutions is obtained by solving this bicriterion optimisation problem. From this set, a solution can be selected balancing in an optimum manner inspection and monitoring times, quality of inspections, monitoring duration, and number of inspections and monitorings. The proposed approach is applied to a naval ship and a bridge subjected to fatigue.
New ultrasound testing systems for the production testing of rail wheels

Previous standards for the manufacturing inspection of railroad wheels using ultrasound, such as UIC 812, have been replaced by new standards, for example EN 13262 and RD32.144-2000, both requiring ultrasonic testing in immersion technique. These new standards require the development of an ultrasonic technique for 100% coverage of the wheel rim and wheel hub, and in special cases for both straight and curved wheel disks. In order to encompass a large variety of railroad wheel designs, inspection and handling techniques should be capable of dealing with wheel diameters ranging from 600 mm to 1300 mm (23" to 51") at testing cycles from 1 to 4 minutes per wheel. The current requirement for the minimum detectable flaw size is DSR 1 mm (disc shape reflector, DSR, 1 mm diameter) for high-speed train wheels rims and DSR 2mm for all other wheel rims. The minimum detectable flaw size for all other wheel areas (hub and disk areas) is DSR 3 mm. To meet all these criteria, the Rail Wheel Inspection (RWI) System was developed by IZFP and their partners. The system consists of an ultrasonic testing sub-system, immersion tank and transportation/handling sub-systems. Test cycles of 1 minute per wheel require two immersion tanks and two transportation/handling sub- systems. The ultrasonic sub-system features modular computer-aided 6 to 16- channel UT electronics (PCUS 11) to employ 6 to 16 ultrasonic transducers (the precise number is determined by the testing procedure). This presentation paper offers descriptions of, and results from three of these systems that have been integrated into manufacturing processes at German and Russian wheel manufacturers, and provides details on the following topics: Wheel rim inspection, single-tank immersion technique, 4 minutes inspection cycle per wheel (Bochum, Germany) Wheel rim, hub and disc inspection, single-tank immersion technique, 2 minutes inspection cycle per wheel (Ilsenburg, Germany) Wheel rim, hub and disc inspection, dual-tank immersion technique, 1 minute inspection cycle per wheel (Nishny-Tagil, Russia)
First record of Colombian red-eyed tree frog Agalychnis terranova from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia with a description of its advertisement call

Based on collected specimens and phylogenetic information, we provide the first record of the Colombian redeyed tree frog, Agalychnis terranova, from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. This species is known from several localities on the middle Magdalena river valley and the Pacific lowlands. With this new record, the known geographic distribution of this frog is extended about 370 km north-west from its previous northernmost record. Additionally, we describe for the first time the tonal advertisement call of this species, which consisted of one or two notes with a total duration of 0.52 s and dominant frequency of about 1.74 kHz.
Net economic benefit of Ranunculus acris control in dairy pasture – accounting for herbicide damage to clovers and evolved resistance

ABSTRACT The phenoxy carboxylic acid, ALS-inhibitor and pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides vary in the magnitude and duration of Ranunculus acris control in dairy pastures and in collateral damage to clovers. For estimating the net economic benefit from a proposed herbicide treatment, we developed a model accounting for these sources of variation. Applied to a hypothetical dairy pasture with 12 tonnes dry matter/ha/year eaten and assuming present-day costs and prices (e.g. herbicides, nitrogen fertiliser, milksolids pay-out), the model illustrates the expected increase in net benefit with increasing pre-treatment R. acris cover. It also predicts lower breakeven covers (C BE) for the phenoxys (MCPA C BE = 3.72%; MCPB C BE = −0.88%; MCPB + bentazone C BE = 1.51%) and ALS-inhibitors (flumetsulam C BE = 1.88%; thifensulfuron methyl C BE = 1.50%) than for the pyridines (aminopyralid C BE = 7.24%; aminopyralid + triclopyr C BE = 5.72%), a result of their lower costs and lower and less-enduring clover damage compared to the pyridines. A greater uncertainty in the net benefit from the phenoxys and ALS-inhibitors results from a greater paddock-scale variation in their efficacy, a characteristic attributable to evolved resistance. The model is available as a weed control decision-support tool at https://giant-buttercup-ds-tool.azurewebsites. net/.
Integrating Finite Element Method with GAs to Estimate the Scour Depth of Bridge

Bridge scour is one of the major reasons to cause bridge failure and bring serious disaster. As a preventive against disaster the scour depth around a bridge pier is an important index to evaluate the condition of the bridge. However, to detect the scour depth around bridge piers is hard task since the bridge foundation is under water. In this study, an approach which combines finite element method and genetic algorithms is used to estimate the bridge scour depth via the variation in the natural frequency of the bridge structure and conduct a genetic formula for scour bridge. In this paper, soil strength and pile length compare with natural frequency within different bridge scour depth is discussed. And to exam the approach, two types of bridge pile arrangement are used.
Numerical Simulation Analysis on Seismic Behavior of Tow-Story Websteel

The structural composition and construction of websteel structure system were introduced. And on this basis the building technique of finite element integrity model was provided with Ansys software. The horizontal displacement and the acceleration of structure under seismic load were analyzed. The result was shown that the inter-storey and top horizontal displacement and the acceleration were smaller than the code values of the tow-storey websteel building under earthquake.
Architecture (and the other 99%): Open‐Source Architecture and Design Commons

Under the current commercial practice model, can architecture ever really be cutting-edge or egalitarian in its aims? If only 2 per cent of the world's buildings are designed by architects for 1 per cent of the richest clients, is it possible to design for a wide cross section of the population let alone be truly subversive? Alastair Parvin of architecture studio 00 (zero zero) and co-founder of the Wiki-House puts the case forward for a whole new model of open-source practice.
The Selection of the Optimal Solution for SHEPWM under the Influence of IGBT's Manufacturing Technology and Power Losses

The paper proposes a method for the selection of the optimal solution among different feasible solutions of the SHEPWM nonlinear model. The method regards the power losses of the switching devices as a criterion for evaluating the possible groups of solutions. The overall power losses are calculated under each combination of the switching angles at first. The variation track of the power losses that could determine the optimal solution under the specific value of m is presented later. The simulation results contrast the new method with the traditional THD method. A comprehensive evaluation considering both methods was concluded at last.
Performance Analysis of Marine Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Hybrid Power System (under Conditions of Turbine Cooling and Constant Temperature in Cathode Inlet)

The strengthened regulations for atmospheric emissions from ships like MARPOL Annex VI have caused a necessity of new, alternative power system in ships for the low pollutant emissions and the high energy efficiency. This paper attempts to investigate the configuration of SOFC/GT hybrid power system for marine applications like LNG tanker and to analyze the influence of design parameters on the system performance. The simulation results provide the basic data for the design and efficiency improvement of SOFC/GT hybrid system and indicate the guidelines for the safe system operation.
Correlative stitching interferometer and its key techniques

Correlative stitching is on the fact that the same area has the same information. This testing thought is meaningful in extending spatial measurement ranges, keeping high resolutions, high precision and low cost. So in order to test large-scale optical workpiece, people are designing large-scale interferometer, at the same time, they are also designing stitching interferometer. The keys to realize stitching measurement are to obtain high precision wavefront of each sub-aperture and apply appropriate stitching algorithm. There are many techniques to test sub-apertures, among which phase-shifting technique has high precision, and is applied widely. How to reduce its system error is a central problem. The paper will utilize difference of two testing results to remove the system error. How to reduce the accumulative error is a key problem in stitching. The paper will apply the stitching algorithm in Descartes coordinates presented by M. Otsubo and K. Okada to realize the connecting of sub-apertures. And the paper presents a method to deal with the main random errors in sub-aperture testing. Finally, the paper does some tests.
Performance comparison of PWM inverter and variable DC link inverter schemes for high-speed sensorless control of BLDC motor

A performance comparison of the pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter and variable DC link inverter schemes for a high-speed sensorless control of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor is presented. The practical implementation issues for a high-speed sensorless control are discussed and it is verified through comparative experiments that the variable DC link inverter scheme can give a more stable performance than the PWM method at high speed.
An investigation into machine pattern recognition based on time-frequency image feature extraction using a support vector machine

Abstract In this article, a new method of pattern recognition for machine working conditions is presented that is based on time-frequency image (TFI) feature extraction and support vector machines (SVMs). In this study, the Hilbert time-frequency spectrum (HTFS) is used to construct TFIs because of its good performance in non-stationary and non-linear signal analysis. Cyclostationarity signal analysis is a pre-processing method for improving the performance of the HTFS in the construction of TFIs. Feature extraction for TFIs is investigated in detail to construct a feature vector for pattern recognition. Gravity centre and information entropy of TFIs are used to construct the feature vector for pattern recognition. SVMs are used for different working conditions classification by the constructed feature vector because of its powerful performance even for small samples. In the end, rolling bearing pattern recognition is used as an example to testify the effectiveness of this method. According to the result analysis, it can be concluded that this method will contribute to the development of preventative maintenance.
Material property measurements with post-processed thermal image data

Post-processing of infrared thermal image thta is a technique which finds many uses in a laboratory devoted to non-destructhe evaluation (NDE) of materials. Among these are determination ofmaterial pmperty values and detection/location of delaminations. Exanples are shown in which thermal diffusivity is measured for technique verification, as a verification of the tensor nature of diffusivity measurements and as a proxy for porosity in a test sample of a material under developmenL Another example is given in which the coefficient of thennal expansion is determined through the phenomenon of thermoelasticity. A final example is given in which post-processing extrts the thermal signature of a delamination from an image dominated by an unwanted feature. Following these examples of materials evaluation using post-processing, a set of procedures common to the data analysis in the examples is extracted. Generic requirements are given so that each procedure can operate consistently within the entire process to produce appropriate values of the material characteristics sought.
Novel coupled permafrost-forest model revealing the interplay between permafrost, vegetation, and climate across eastern Siberia

Abstract. Boreal forests of Siberia play a relevant role in the global carbon cycle. However, global warming threatens the existence of summergreen larch-dominated ecosystems likely enabling a transition to evergreen tree taxa with deeper active layers. Complex permafrost-vegetation interactions make it uncertain whether these ecosystems could develop into a carbon source rather than continuing atmospheric carbon sequestration under global warming. Consequently, shedding light on the role of current and future active-layer dynamics and the feedbacks with the apparent tree species is crucial to predict boreal forest transition dynamics, and thus for aboveground forest biomass and carbon stock developments. Hence, we established a coupled model version amalgamating a one-dimensional permafrost-multilayer forest land-surface model (CryoGrid), with LAVESI, an individual-based and spatially explicit forest model for larch species (Larix Mill.), extended for this study by including other relevant Siberian forest species and explicit terrain. Following parametrization, we ran simulations with the coupled version to the near future to 2030 with a mild climate-warming scenario. We focus on three regions, covering a gradient of summergreen forests in the east at Spasskaya Pad to mixed summergreen-evergreen forests close to Nyurba, and the warmest area at Lake Khamra in the south-east of Yakutia, Russia. Coupled simulations were run with the newly implemented boreal forest species and compared to runs allowing only one species at a time, as well as to simulations using just LAVESI. Results reveal that the coupled version corrects for overestimation of active-layer thickness (ALT) and soil moisture and large differences in established forests are simulated. We conclude that the coupled version can simulate the complex environment of central Siberia reproducing vegetation patterns making it an excellent tool to disentangle processes driving boreal forest dynamics.
Analysis of conductor‐backed coplanar waveguides using adaptive‐network‐based fuzzy inference system models

A method based on adaptive‐network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented for the quasi‐static analysis of conductor‐backed coplanar waveguides. The ANFIS is a class of adaptive networks which are functionally equivalent to fuzzy inference systems. Four optimization algorithms, hybrid learning, genetic, simulated annealing, and least‐squares, are used to determine optimally the design parameters of the ANFIS. The results of ANFIS are compared with the results of experimental works, quasi‐static and full‐wave spectral domain approaches, conformal mapping technique, and a commercial electromagnetic simulator IE3D. The results of ANFIS models are in very good agreement with the results of other methods and experimental works. When the performances of ANFIS models are compared with each other, the best result is obtained from the ANFIS model trained by the hybrid learning algorithm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 439–445, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24059
New equivalent networks with simple closed-form expressions for open and slit-coupled E-plane tee junctions

Analytical expressions are presented for the elements of new equivalent networks for open and slit-coupled E-plane tee junctions. The expressions are in simple closed form, and their accuracy is verified by comparisons with measurements. Physically based stored power considerations are also developed in context to indicate how appropriate changes in the geometry can be taken into account. >