Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor Manufacturing Technologies Organizing R&D Consortia for Path Creation and Extension: The Case of

Taking issue with the classical theory of path dependence, we capture the active agency involved in collective efforts aimed at extending a current technological path and, in parallel, at creating a new path in the field of leading-edge international semiconductor manufacturing. We apply structuration theory in order to analyse the practices of path constitution that traditional evolutionary views of lock-in and irreversibility in path processes have neglected. Drawing on 96 interviews since 2003 and extensive secondary sources in the field of semiconductor manufacturing in Europe, Japan and the United States, we perform a qualitative, longitudinal and multi-level case analysis; in this analysis we trace, in particular, the strategic development of a path-extending technological option besides a potentially path-breaking new generation of lithography for chip manufacturing systems. Our results provide deep insights into the collective and collaborative dimension of organizing R&D in processes of technology development. Thereby, we contribute to a theory of technological paths that considers collective embedded agency and takes into account interorganizational forms for an understanding of the innovation dynamics in science-based industries such as semiconductor manufacturing. Corresponding author: Jörg Sydow, Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Management, Boltzmannstr. 20, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Email: joerg.sydow@fu-berlin.de 448029OSS33710.1177/0170840612448029Sydow et al.Organization Studies 2012
Predator/prey ratios: a measure of bark-beetle population status influenced by stand composition in different French stands after the 1999 storms

Cette etude presente les resultats de quatre annees de piegeage dans des peuplements fortement infestes par Ips typographus suite aux tempetes de 1999 dans le nord-est de la France. Dix pieges-bouteilles ont ete agrafes sur des epiceas morts ou des feuillus dans cinq pessieres, dont deux comprenaient des pins, arbres particulierement favorables a la nymphose du predateur. La phenologie de T. formicarius a etroitement reflete celle de sa proie dans tous les sites. Nous montrons que la proportion de pins dans un rayon de 500 m est la principale variable influencant les ratios predateur/proies, et que cette variable seule surpasse les autres indices du paysage, tels que l'indice de diversite de Shannon estime avec toutes les categories d'arbres, ou reduit seulement a trois categories (pins, epiceas, autres). Ces resultats sont discutes en fonction du role eventuel des arbres hotes et de leur diversite en ce qui concerne les cycles vitaux des deux insectes, ainsi que le moyen d'utiliser les ratios T.formicarius/Ips typographus pour decrire les infestations d'lps typographus.
An Identification of Unsuccessful, Failure Factors of Technology Innovation and Development in SMEs: A Case Study of Components and Material Industry

Despite the widespread recognition of the important roles that innovative, technology-oriented small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play in most economies, relatively little research has been focused on the integrated aspects of technology, management and the related factors in the context of SMEs. Since there are no well-defined or established research models or frameworks, we adopted an exploratory, longitudinal approach to investigate key factors that affect success or failure business cases in Korean components and materials industry. With forty-five case study analysis, we found three important factors for technology-oriented SMEs business successes or failures. These include technology factors (market-oriented technology; timely innovative technology; technology innovation capability; patents), management factors (financial resource; management commitments; human resource; RD commercialization capability), and the related factors (top managers' ethical issues; transparency in RD lack of commitments for success). We highlight the importance of the integrative approach which combines technology, management, and the related factors to examine successful or failing business cases. Further studies will benefit from our findings to develop theoretical models and examine other industries.
“Likes” for Peace: Can Facebook Promote Dialogue in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict?

This study examines the ways in which social media is used to promote intergroup dialogue and reconciliation in the context of the protracted, ethnopolitical conflict between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians. We focus on content analysis of posts and comments on a Facebook page named “Tweeting Arabs” which was established and is administered by Palestinian citizens of Israel. This page states that its’ main goal is to publicize opinions, thoughts and beliefs of Palestinians, enabling the moderate voice to be heard and encouraging dialogue between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians. The analysis is based on a data set containing posts and comments collected from “Tweeting Arabs” since the page was founded in November 8th 2014 and until December 4th 2014. This data set contains 85 posts which gained a total of 9657 “likes”, and 461 “shares”, as well as 3565 comments and replies to these posts. Our findings reveal that while posts that presented the narrative of Palestinian suffering were mostly followed by negative comments from Israeli-Jews, posts that brought up the Palestinian moderate and peace seeking voice elicited higher Jewish–Israeli acceptance and sympathy. The research adds to our understanding of Facebook as a dialogue provoking platform that enables users from different ethnopolitical groups in divided and conflicted societies to perform peacebuilding actions.
A Cross-Sectional Investigation of the Conditional ICAPM

This paper provides a cross-sectional investigation of the conditional and unconditional intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM). The results indicate that estimating the conditional ICAPM with a pooled panel of time series and cross-sectional data in a multivariate GARCH-in-mean framework is crucial in identifying the positive risk-return tradeoff. Different from the traditional literature, the paper decomposes the aggregate stock market portfolio into ten book-to-market portfolios and then estimates a cross-sectionally consistent slope coefficient on the conditional variance-covariance matrix. The riskaversion coefficient, restricted to be the same across all portfolios, is estimated to be positive and highly significant. This is the first study testing the cross-sectional consistency of the intertemporal relation by estimating the multivariate GARCH-in-mean model with different slopes. The statistical results indicate the equality of slope coefficients across all portfolios, supporting the empirical validity and sufficiency of the conditional ICAPM. The paper also provides evidence that the time-varying conditional covariances can explain the value premium because the average risk-adjusted return difference between the value and growth portfolios is economically and statistically insignificant within the conditional ICAPM framework. JEL classifications: G12; G13; C51.
Engineer Supply of University Research Infrastructure and Ecosystem of Small Innovative Enterprises

The present article generalizes the actually formed strategies of engineer supply of the university research infrastructure as an element of an ecosystem of small innovative enterprises development. The authors outline the criteria for adequacy of choice of the aforementioned strategies for concrete university complexes, which realize the process of commercialization of intellectual activities with the use of the institution of small innovative enterprises. Descriptive strategies studied in the article may be used by a person responsible for decision-making for comparison between the current situation and that of standard. Unique project. The gist of the strategy is that there is a fact of acquirement of particular and unique specific equipment to conduct researches in several contiguous scientific and technical spheres which lies in the basis of development of an engineer and a research infrastructure. Market position. This strategy of development of an engineer and a research strategy implies a close cooperation with industrial organizations and other entrepreneurial structures of the region. Net structure. This type of the structure is oriented of creating a coordinating entity, which would let the organizations find the ways of the appropriate use of an engineer and a research infrastructure. Tradition development. This strategy is acceptable only for universities, which were historically developed as research centers. The choice of a developmental strategy of an engineer and a research infrastructure for small innovative enterprises and a provision of commercialization of university innovations hence become the elements of formation of a united ecosystem of innovative entrepreneurship. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Supporting the Introduction of Educational Technology in Inclusive Education Through Universal Design: a Paper Prototype Study

Questo studio descrive la prima fase della progettazione di un sistema software di supporto all'introduzione delle tecnologie didattiche in un contesto inclusivo. Soddisfare le esigenze di tutti gli alunni è una sfida che molti sistemi educativi raccolgono, non sempre con risultati totalmente positivi. Gli insegnanti sono tra i pochi nella posizione di poter avere una percezione chiara delle necessità specifiche dei loro studenti. Anche loro, tuttavia, possono perderle di vista nel momento in cui progettano attività didattiche. I dati presentati in questo contributo provengono da uno studio pilota qualitativo in cui sono stati coinvolti cinque insegnanti di scuola secondaria, ai quali è stato chiesto di provare un prototipo cartaceo di un'interfaccia software che mira a supportare un insegnante nella selezione delle tecnologie e delle metodologie da utilizzare nella didattica proprio per far fronte a necessità speciali. This study describes the first step of a project aiming at the design and implementation of a software system to support the introduction of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in Inclusive Education. Addressing the needs of all students is a challenge that many education systems undertake, not always with successful results. At the same time, teachers can have a clear perception of the specific needs of their students, but are also subject to the risk of failing in taking such needs into account while designing learning activities. The data presented here comes from a pilot study involving five Italian secondary school teachers, who were asked to try out the paper prototype of a software system that aims at supporting them in selecting effective TEL solutions and methodologies to address specific needs.
Graph-based Visual Saliency Model using Background Color

Visual saliency is a cognitive psychology concept that makes some stimuli of a scene stand out relative to their neighbors and attract our attention. Computing visual saliency is a topic of recent interest. Here, we propose a graph-based method for saliency detection, which contains three stages: pre-processing, initial saliency detection and final saliency detection. The initial saliency map is obtained by putting adaptive threshold on color differences relative to the background. In final saliency detection, a graph is constructed, and the ranking technique is exploited. In the proposed method, the background is suppressed effectively, and often salient regions are selected correctly. Experimental results on the MSRA-1000 database demonstrate excellent performance and low computational complexity in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.
Collaborative Learning for Educational Achievement

Collaboration is a way of interaction and personal attitude where individuals are responsible for their actions, learning , their abilities and contributions of their peers as well. This paper clarifies the concept of collaborative learning by presenting and analyzing the educational benefits of Collaborative learning techniques. Collaborative learning is more students centered. The collaborative tradition takes a more qualitative approach, analyzing student talk in response to a piece of literature. This paper clarifies the differences between collaborative and individual learning. The paper also highlights teacher's perspective for individual and collaborative learning. The paper concludes with a discussion about the implications of these issues with respect to achievement of undergraduate students in English. T-test is used to study the difference in means in achievement in English by using collaborative learning and individual learning. The sample comprises of 40 students (males 30, females 10) of undergraduate program. Purposive sampling has been used . The final achievement scores in English have been used for the purpose of the study.
EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF ZINC ON MOLT-4 CELL-LINE BY MITOCHONDORIAL THIAZOL TETRAZOLIUM ASSAY

Zinc has important effects on structural and functional activities of many proteins and enzymes involved in biological activities especially regulation of immune- system. Deficiencies of this element may result in many diseases and immunological disorders. Symptoms of zinc toxicity include nausea/vomiting, fever, cough, diarrhea, fatigue, neuropathy and dehydration. Further signs include growth retardation, altered iron function, anemia, copper deficiency, decreased immune function, decreased HDL (high density lipoprotein), increased LDL (low density lipoprotein), and increased HgbA1C. This study was carried out to examine the in vitro effects of different concentration of zinc on viability and death of T-Lymphoid (Molt-4) cell line. In this study, the cell line was exposed to different concentrations of zinc (10nM to 500µM) followed by incubation (37°C, 5% CO2) at various time points (12 to 72 h). The cells were then evaluated with trypan blue exclusion dye and Mitochondorial Thiazol Tetrazolium Assay (MTT) and light microscopy. The results of this study showed almost different responses to different amounts of zinc by The T cell line (Molt-4). Zinc concentrations below 100µM at different incubation time points had little or no effect on cell line compared to the controls. Higher concentrations of zinc (>100µM) viability diminished to 70% at 12 h and less than 50% at 24 to 72 h of incubation times. We conclude that Zinc has dose-dependent cytotoxicity on Molt-4 cells.
Doing entrepreneurship: towards an entrepreneurial method for design and creative technologies

The last two decades has seen remarkable growth and development of curricula devoted to entrepreneurship and new venture creation. In the creative industries, entrepreneurship is increasingly seen as a cataly st to add value to projects, whether in the form of social, cultural, environmental or economic returns. However, research suggests that educators have been attempting to teach entrepreneurship without really understanding what it is or what the proper goals of teaching should be. To overcome this we adopt the theoretical notion of “effectuation” and the principles of the “entrepreneurial method” to propose a new model for critical entrepreneurship education in the context of a global, digital economy. The paper presents recent experience in innovation and entrepreneurship delivered at Auckland University of Technology. It explores the design and delivery of the creative entrepreneurial method in a combination of individual and group projects across a range of scenarios.
Combining spin-out and spin-in activities – the spin-along approach

After a long period of restructuring and outsourcing, companies are increasingly looking for new growth opportunities. Growth with existing prod-ucts or by expansion in new markets is limited. Therefore, companies are searching for ways to expand their activities in new businesses. A frequently used tool of multinational enterprises is corporate venturing. Within cor-porate venturing a further differentiation can be made in internal venturing and external venturing. Internal venturing promotes business ideas generated within the organization whereas external venturing promotes business ideas developed outside the company. Research has been able to show that venturing activi-ties both internal and external can create value. In this paper we explore a special case of venturing which we call the ‘spin-along approach’. It can be seen as a combination of internal and external ven-turing. In the spin-along approach, a company encourages its employees to take their business idea external and to found a company. Successful companies might later be bought back and integrated into the parent company or the paren-tal will exit the company by selling its equity share. Through literature re-view we have identified different motivations, best practices, and barriers to the successful implementation of a spin-along approach. Furthermore, two case studies will be discussed and compared. We conclude that the approach can successfully complement internal innovation management.
Modelling of non-linear CHP efficiency curves in distributed energy systems 1 2

14 Distributed energy resources gain an increased importance in commercial and industrial 15 building design. Combined heat and power (CHP) units are considered as one of the key 16 technologies for cost and emission reduction in buildings. In order to make optimal decisions 17 on investment and operation for these technologies, detailed system models are needed. These 18 models are often formulated as linear programming problems to keep computational costs and 19 complexity in a reasonable range. However, CHP systems involve variations of the efficiency 20 for large nameplate capacity ranges and in case of part load operation, which can be even of 21 non-linear nature. Since considering these characteristics would turn the models into non22 linear problems, in most cases only constant efficiencies are assumed. This paper proposes 23 possible solutions to address this issue. For a mixed integer linear programming problem two 24 approaches are formulated using binary and Special-Ordered-Set (SOS) variables. Both 25 suggestions have been implemented into the optimization model DER-CAM to simulate 26 investment decisions of CHP micro-turbines and CHP fuel cells with variable efficiencies. 27 The approaches have further been applied successfully in a case study with four different 28 commercial buildings. Comparison of the results between the standard version and the new 29 approaches indicate that total annual system costs remain almost unchanged. System 30 performance is subject to change and storage technologies become more important. Part load 31 operation has mainly been found important for fuel cell units. The micro-turbine is found 32 almost exclusively in full load, thus rendering the application of the new approaches for this 33 technology unnecessary for the considered unit sizes and building types. The approach using 34 binary variables was the most promising method to model variable efficiencies in terms of 35 computational costs and results. It should especially be considered for specific fuel cell 36 technologies. Further investigation on the impacts of this approach on the prediction of fuel 37 cell and micro-turbine performance is suggested. 38 39
Low-Level Mesovortices within Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Part I: Overview and Dependence on Environmental Shear

This two-part study proposes fundamental explanations of the genesis, structure, and implications of lowlevel meso-g-scale vortices within quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) such as squall lines and bow echoes. Such ‘‘mesovortices’’ are observed frequently, at times in association with tornadoes. Idealized simulations are used herein to study the structure and evolution of meso- g-scale surface vortices within QLCSs and their dependence on the environmental vertical wind shear. Within such simulations, significant cyclonic surface vortices are readily produced when the unidirectional shear magnitude is 20 m s 21 or greater over a 0‐2.5- or 0‐5-km-AGL layer. As similarly found in observations of QLCSs, these surface vortices form primarily north of the apex of the individual embedded bowing segments as well as north of the apex of the larger-scale bow-shaped system. They generally develop first near the surface but can build upward to 6‐8 km AGL. Vortex longevity can be several hours, far longer than individual convective cells within the QLCS; during this time, vortex merger and upscale growth is common. It is also noted that such mesoscale vortices may be responsible for the production of extensive areas of extreme ‘‘straight line’’ wind damage, as has also been observed with some QLCSs. Surface vortices are also produced for weaker shears but remain shallow, weak, and short-lived. Although similar in size and strength to mesocyclones associated with supercell storms, and also sometimes producing similar hooklike structures in the rain field, it is also shown that the present vortices are quite distinct, structurally and dynamically. Most critically, such vortices are not associated with long-lived, rotating updrafts at midlevels and the associated strong, dynamically forced vertical accelerations, as occur within supercell mesocyclones.
The Right Stuff: Fashioning an identity through clothing in a junior school

This article explores the key role played by clothing as an expression of individual and collective identity amongst 10-11 year-olds. The data arise from an ethnographically based study of one junior school in the south-east of England between October 1998 and June 1999. The article proposes that a relaxed enforcement of school uniform created a space for pupils to use clothing as a means of gaining recognition, of generating common bonds, and of sharing interests and intimacy within the peer group cultures. There is a specific concentration on boys' cultures, and it is argued that clothing and footwear was used as an important component in the construction, negotiation and performance of masculinity. Certain items and brand names acquired a specific, symbolic value, and pupils who attempted to dress and conform to the school rules and regulations ran a high risk of being stigmatised and subordinated. These pupils were also partly policed and controlled by homophobia.
Opposite sign correlations in fermion or boson gases

We investigate pair correlations in trapped fermion and boson gases as a means to probe the quantum states producing the density fluctuations. We point out that "opposite sign correlations" (meaning pair correlations that are positive for fermions and negative for bosons) unambiguously indicate that the quantum many-particle state cannot be "free. " In particular, a system of fermions that exhibits positive pair correlations cannot be described by any Slater determinant wavefunction. This insight may help one to interpret results of current experiments on ultracold atomic gases.