Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Steering Wheel Data Applying Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Feature Selection

This paper presents a novel feature selection method to design a non-invasive driver drowsiness detection system based on steering wheel data. The proposed feature selector can select the most related features to the drowsiness level to improve the classification accuracy. This method is based on the combination of the filter and wrapper feature selection algorithms using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In this method firstly, four different filter indexes are applied on extracted features from steering wheel data. After that, output values of each filter index are imported as inputs to a fuzzy inference system to determine the importance degree of each feature and select the most important features. Then, the selected features are imported to a support vector machine (SVM) for binary classification to classify the driving conditions in two classes of drowsy and awake. Finally, the classifier accuracy is exploited to adjust parameters of an adaptive fuzzy system using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The experimental data were collected from about 20.5 h of driving in the simulator. The results show that the drowsiness detection system is working with a high accuracy and also confirm that this method is more accurate than the recent available algorithms.
Choice-Selective Neurons in the Auditory Cortex and in Its Striatal Target Encode Reward Expectation

Learned behavioral responses to sounds depend largely on the expected outcomes associated with each potential choice. Where and how the nervous system integrates expectations about reward with auditory sensory information to drive appropriate decisions is not fully understood. Using a two-alternative choice task in which the expected reward associated with each sound varied over time, we investigated potential sites along the corticostriatal pathway for the integration of sound signals, behavioral choice, and reward information in male mice. We found that auditory cortical neurons encode not only sound identity, but also the animal's choice and the expected size of reward. This influence of reward expectation on sound- and choice-related activity was further enhanced in the major striatal target of the auditory cortex: the posterior tail of the dorsal striatum. These results indicate that choice-specific information is integrated with reward signals throughout the corticostriatal pathway, potentially contributing to adaptation in sound-driven behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Learning and maintenance of sensory-motor associations require that neural circuits keep track of sensory stimuli, choices, and outcomes. It is not clear at what stages along the auditory sensorimotor pathway these signals are integrated to influence future behavior in response to sounds. Our results show that the activity of auditory cortical neurons and of their striatal targets encodes the animals' choices and expectation of reward, in addition to stimulus identity. These results challenge previous views of the influence of motor signals on auditory circuits and identifies potential loci for integration of task-related information necessary for updating auditory decisions in changing environments.
Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese adolescents: long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE Morbid obesity is an increasingly common disease in the industrialized world and poses a great challenge to the medical community. Many obese adolescents have undergone various conservative treatment methods without adequate success so that a surgical approach became necessary. We report on 18 patients who underwent bariatric surgery as well as a long-term follow-up program. METHODS Eight patients received a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Four of these had to undergo a gastric bypass surgery (GByp) as second procedure due to insufficient weight loss. Nine patients primarily received a gastric bypass. RESULTS LAGB: Mean weight loss after 24 months was 20 ± 6.3 kg. Four of the patients showed a regain in weight leading to a mean weight loss of 9 kg compared to initial weight after 53.3 months mean in this group. These patients had to undergo an additional gastric bypass procedure and lost 31 ± 18.3 kg after 18 months. GByp: Mean weight loss in nine patients after gastric bypass (primary procedure) was 31 ± 10.2 kg after 12 months and 36 ± 30.1 kg at the end of the observation time. Sleeve: Initial weight in this patient was 232 kg with a weight loss of 38 kg after 24 months. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It is remarkable that in four of eight patients who underwent LAGB had to undergo a second surgical procedure (GByp). No previous indicator, neither from a psychological nor from a medical point of view, could be detected. More long-term studies including psychological aspects seem to be necessary.
Development of Trityl Group Anchored Solubilizing Tags for Peptide and Protein Synthesis

Recently, solubilizing tag methods (Trt‐K and Trt‐R method) were developed for the challenging synthesis of peptides/proteins by means of native chemical ligation. In this system, the solubilizing tag can be attached to the Cys side chain by simply mixing the tag‐introducing reagent under acidic conditions. The tagged peptides/proteins exhibited high water solubility thanks to the introduction of redundant oligo‐Lys/Arg. In the final reaction, the tag can be quickly and cleanly detached by a standard deprotection reaction with trifluoroacetic acid. Herein, the development and application of these methods are described.
Does Risk-Adapted Proton Beam Therapy Have a Role as a Complementary or Alternative Therapeutic Option for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

To evaluate the role of risk-adapted proton beam therapy (PBT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, a total of 243 HCC patients receiving risk-adapted PBT with three dose-fractionation regimens (regimen A [n = 40], B [n = 60], and C [n = 143]) according to the proximity of their gastrointestinal organs (<1 cm, 1–1.9 cm, and ≥2 cm, respectively) were reviewed: The prescribed doses to planning target volume 1 (PTV1) were 50 gray equivalents (GyE) (EQD2 [equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions], 62.5 GyE10), 60 GyE (EQD2, 80 GyE10), and 66 GyE (EQD2, 91.3 GyE10) in 10 fractions, respectively, and those of PTV2 were 30 GyE (EQD2, 32.5 GyE10) in 10 fractions. In all patients, the five-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 87.5% and 48.1%, respectively, with grade ≥3 toxicity of 0.4%. In regimens A, B, and C, the five-year LRFS and OS rates were 54.6%, 94.7%, and 92.4% (p < 0.001), and 16.7%, 39.2%, and 67.9% (p < 0.001), respectively. The five-year OS rates of the patients with the Modified Union for International Cancer Control (mUICC) stages I, II, III, and IVA and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages A, B, and C were 69.2%, 65.4%, 43.8%, and 26.6% (p < 0.001), respectively, and 65.1%, 40%, and 32.2% (p < 0.001), respectively. PBT could achieve promising long-term tumor control and have a potential role as a complementary or alternative therapeutic option across all stages of HCC.
Effects of an epilepsy‐specific Internet intervention (Emyna) on depression: Results of the ENCODE randomized controlled trial

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among people with epilepsy (PwE) but often remain unrecognized and treated inadequately. Effective psychosocial treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are rarely available to most PwE, which is one reason electronically delivered CBT (eCBT) is regarded as promising. This study examined an eCBT intervention, termed Emyna, that was tailored to suit the needs of PwE. It includes CBT‐related content on depression, stress and anxiety, seizure triggers and auras, and lifestyle habits. The trial examined the efficacy of Emyna in reducing symptoms of depression (primary outcome) and anxiety as well as improving quality of life.
Strategically Patrolling in a Chemical Cluster Addressing Gas Pollutants’ Releases through a Game-Theoretic Model

Chemical production activities in chemical clusters, if not well managed, will pose great threats to the surrounding air environment and impose great burden on emergency handling. Therefore, it is urgent and substantial in a chemical cluster to develop proper and suitable pollution controlling strategies for an inspection agency to monitor chemical production processes. Apart from the static monitoring resources (e.g., monitoring stations and gas sensor modules), patrolling by mobile vehicle resources is arranged for better detecting the illegal releasing behaviors of emission spots in different chemical plants. However, it has been proven that the commonly used patrolling strategies (i.e., the fixed route strategy and the purely randomized route strategy) are non-optimal and fail to interact with intelligent chemical plants. Therefore, we proposed the Chemical Cluster Environmental Protection Patrolling (CCEPP) game to tackle the problem in this paper. Through combining the source estimation process, the game is modeled to detect the illegal releasing behaviors of chemical plants by randomly and strategically arranging the patrolling routes and intensities in different chemical sites. In this game-theoretic model, players (patroller and chemical sites), strategies, payoffs, and game solvers are modeled in sequence. More importantly, this game model also considers traffic delays or bounded cognition of patrollers on patrolling plans. Therefore, a discrete Markov decision process was used to model this stochastic process. Further, the model is illustrated by a case study. Results imply that the patrolling strategy suggested by the CCEPP game outperforms both the fixed route strategy and the purely randomized route strategy.
Elastic repulsion from polymer brush layers exhibiting high protein repellency.

Hydrophilic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush layers with different thicknesses and graft densities were prepared to construct a model surface to elucidate protein-surface interactions. In particular, we focused on the steric repulsion of hydrophilic polymer layers as one of the surface properties that strongly influence protein adsorption and employed force-versus-distance (f-d) curve measurements obtained via atomic force microscopy to quantitatively evaluate the steric repulsion force, which is also referred to as the "elastic repulsion energy. " We also analyzed direct interactions between the surface and proteins via the f-d curve, because these interactions trigger the protein-adsorption phenomenon. Protein-surface interactions were extremely suppressed at surfaces with high elastic repulsion energies and highly dense polymer brush structures, which is in contrast to those at surfaces with low elastic repulsion energies and low density of the grafted polymer layers. These results indicate that the elastic repulsion from the grafted polymer layer at the surface is an important parameter for controlling protein-surface interactions and protein adsorption phenomenon.
Cannabis: A potential efficacious intervention for PTSD or simply snake oil?

The ancient Egyptians used willow bark as a remedy for aches and pains, even though they were unaware that salicylic acid was responsible for its anti-pyrogenic and anti-inflammatory actions. 1 Based on anecdotal reports and social media chatter, cannabis might yet displace salicylic acid as the most prolific cure-all. Like the bark of the willow, the marijuana plant and its derivatives have been used to diminish treatment-resistant epilepsy and to reduce chronic pain, 2 even before it was understood that the active components of the cannabis plant, Δ 9 -tetrahydocannabinol (THC) and cana-bidiol (CBD), contributed to these outcomes. Cannabis is also touted to be effective in attenuating a wide range of conditions, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, menstrual cramps, AIDS, nausea and cancer. Beyond these effects on physical conditions, cannabis has been reported to improve neurocognitive and psychiatric conditions, such as Alzheimer disease, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder. 2,3
Occupational balance, work and life satisfaction in working cohabiting parents in Sweden

Introduction: Occupational balance is the experience of having the right amount and right variation between work, domestic work, leisure, rest, and sleep. There is limited knowledge about which factors predict parents’ combined occupational balance, and if the combined occupational balance is associated with work and life satisfaction. Aim: The first aim was to explore whether domestic work and childcare at baseline predicted combined occupational balance at follow-up among working cohabiting parents. The second aim was to explore associations between different combinations of occupational balance, and work and life satisfaction at follow-up. Method: A sample of 139 cohabiting parents responded to a questionnaire. Cohabiting parents can experience their occupational balance differently, and in the present study their experiences were divided into high and low after the median. The parents’ balance was then combined in terms of high-high, high-low and low-low. Associations between childcare, domestic work, work and life satisfaction, and combined occupational balance were analysed with multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: Satisfaction with the division of domestic work predicted a high-high occupational balance in parent couples. Associations were found between high-high as well as high-low combined occupational balance and life satisfaction, and between high-high occupational balance and work satisfaction. Conclusions: It seems important for both parents in a couple to experience satisfaction with the division of domestic work to experience high occupational balance as well as work and life satisfaction.
Thermodynamic insights into an interaction between ACYL-CoA–BINDING PROTEIN2 and LYSOPHOSPHOLIPASE2 in Arabidopsis

Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are important lipid-signaling molecules in plants, of which lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is one of the most well-characterized LPLs, having important roles in plant stress responses. It is broken down by lysophospholipases, but the molecular mechanism involved in lysoPC degradation is unclear. Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana ACYL-CoA–BINDING PROTEIN2 (AtACBP2) has been reported to bind lysoPC via its acyl-CoA–binding domain and also LYSOPHOSPHOLIPASE 2 (AtLYSOPL2) via its ankyrin repeats in vitro. To investigate the interactions of AtACBP2 with AtLYSOPL2 and lysoPC in more detail, we conducted isothermal titration calorimetry with AtACBP270–354, an AtACBP2 derivative consisting of amino acids 70–354, containing both the acyl-CoA–binding domain and ankyrin repeats. We observed that the interactions of AtACBP270–354 with AtLYSOPL2 and lysoPC were both endothermic, favored by solvation entropy and opposed by enthalpy, with dissociation constants in the micromolar range. Of note, three AtLYSOPL2 catalytic triad mutant proteins (S147A, D268A, and H298A) bound lysoPC only weakly, with an exothermic burst and dissociation constants in the millimolar range. Furthermore, the binding affinity of lysoPC-premixed AtACBP270–354 to AtLYSOPL2 was 10-fold higher than that of AtACBP270–354 alone to AtLYSOPL2. We conclude that AtACBP2 may play a role in facilitating a direct interaction between AtLYSOPL2 and lysoPC. Our results suggest that AtACBP270–354 probably binds to lysoPC through a hydrophobic interface that enhances a hydrotropic interaction of AtACBP270–354 with AtLYSOPL2 and thereby facilitates AtLYSOPL2's lysophospholipase function.
Laser-Assisted Thermal Imprinting of Microlens Arrays—Effects of Pressing Pressure and Pattern Size

Polymer films with nano- or microstructured surfaces have been widely applied to optical devices, bioplates, and printed electronics. Laser-assisted thermal imprinting (LATI), in which a laser directly heats the surfaces of a mold and a thermoplastic polymer, is one of the high-throughput methods of replicating nano- or microstructures on polymer films. Only the surfaces of the mold and polymer film are heated and cooled rapidly, therefore it is possible to replicate nano- or microstructures on polymer films more rapidly than by using conventional thermal nanoimprinting. In this study, microlens arrays (MLAs) were replicated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films using LATI, and the effects of the pressing pressure (10−50 MPa) and the pattern size (33- and 5-μm pitch) of the MLA on the filling ratio were investigated by analyzing a microlens replicated using different laser-irradiation times (0.1−2 ms). The filling ratio increased with increasing pressing pressure and laser-irradiation time in the replication of MLAs with varying sizes, while the flow of the PMMA varied with the pressing pressure and laser-irradiation time. It was found that during filling, the shape of the polymer cross-sectional surface demonstrated a double and single peak in the 33- and 5-μm-pitch patterns, respectively. This was because the depth of the heated area in the 33-μm-pitch pattern was smaller than the pattern size, whereas that of the 5-μm-pitch pattern was comparable to (or larger) than the pattern size.
A Novel Mutant of rLj-RGD3 (rLj-112) Suppressed the Proliferation and Metastasis of B16 Cells through the EGFR Signaling Pathway

Lj-RGD3, which contains three Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) motifs, was first identified from the buccal glands of Lampetra japonica and has been shown to suppress the tumor progression in the previous studies. Apart from the three RGD motifs, Lj-RGD3 is also characterized by its high content of histidine in its amino acid sequence. In order to clarify whether the histidine-rich characterization of Lj-RGD3 is also associated with its anti-tumor activity, mutants were designed in which the three RGD motifs (Lj-112), or all histidines (Lj-27) or both (Lj-26) were deleted. Furthermore, a mutant (Lj-42) in which all histidines and three RGD motifs were respectively substituted with alanines and three Ala–Gly–Asp (AGD) motifs, as well as a mutant (Lj-41) in which all histidines were substituted with alanines was synthesized to avoid alterations in structure which might further cause changes in the peptides’ functions. After recombination and purification, recombinant Lj-112 (rLj-112), recombinant Lj-27 (rLj-27), recombinant Lj-41 (rLj-41), and recombinant Lj-RGD3 (rLj-RGD3) exhibited anti-proliferative activity in B16 cells, respectively; while recombinant Lj-26 (rLj-26) and recombinant Lj-42 (rLj-42) did not affect the proliferation of B16 cells significantly. In addition, the anti-proliferative activity of rLj-112 in B16 cells was due to apoptosis. Typical apoptosis features were observed, including chromatin condensation, fragmented DNA, and increased levels of cleaved caspase 3/caspase 7/nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in B16 cells. Similar to rLj-RGD3, rLj-112 was also capable of suppressing the migration and invasion of B16 cells by disturbing the F-actin arrangement. After labeling with FITC, rLj-112 was found localized in the cytoplasm of B16 cells, which induced the internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), suggesting that rLj-112 might block the EGFR mediated signaling pathway. Actually, the phosphorylation level of EGFR and its downstream signal molecules including Akt, PI3K, p38, and ERK1/2 was reduced in the rLj-112 treated B16 cells. In vivo, rLj-112 also inhibited the growth, weight, and volume of the tumors in B16 xenografted C57BL/6 mice without reducing their body weight, indicating that rLj-112 might be safe and might be used as an effective anti-tumor drug in the near future.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Cancer and Pre-Existing Autoimmune Diseases Treated with Anti-Programmed Death-1 Immunotherapy: A Real-World Transverse Study.

BACKGROUND Patients with a history of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have not usually been included in clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with advanced cancer, treated with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) agents, were evaluated according to the presence of pre-existing AIDs. The incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical outcomes were compared among subgroups. RESULTS A total of 751 patients were enrolled; median age was 69 years. Primary tumors were as follows: non-small cell lung cancer, 492 (65.5%); melanoma, 159 (21.2%); kidney cancer, 94 (12.5%); and others, 6 (0.8%). Male/female ratio was 499/252. Eighty-five patients (11.3%) had pre-existing AIDs, further differentiated in clinically active (17.6%) and inactive (82.4%). Among patients with pre-existing AIDs, incidence of irAEs of any grade was significantly higher when compared with patients without AIDs (65.9% vs. 39.9%). At multivariate analysis, both inactive (p = .0005) and active pre-existing AIDs (p = .0162), female sex (p = .0004), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status <2 (p = .0030) were significantly related to a higher incidence of irAEs of any grade. No significant differences were observed regarding grade 3/4 irAEs and objective response rate among subgroups. Pre-existing AIDs were not significantly related with progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION This study quantifies the increased risk of developing irAEs in patients with pre-existing AIDs who had to be treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the incidence of grade 3/4 irAEs is not significantly higher when compared with control population. The finding of a greater incidence of irAEs among female patients ranks among the "hot topics" in gender-related differences in immuno-oncology. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patients with a history of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have not usually been included in clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors but are frequent in clinical practice. This study quantifies the increased risk of developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with pre-existing AIDs who had to be treated with anti-programmed death-1 immunotherapy. Nevertheless, their toxicities are mild and the incidence of grade 3/4 irAEs is not significantly higher compared with those of controls. These results will help clinicians in everyday practice, improving their ability to offer a proper counselling to patients, in order to offer an immunotherapy treatment even to patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease.
High average power 88  W OPCPA system for high-repetition-rate experiments at the LCLS x-ray free-electron laser.

We present a 100 kHz, sub-20 fs optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) system delivering 88.6 W average power at a center wavelength of 800 nm. The seed pulses are derived from the pump laser via white-light continuum generation and are amplified in three non-collinear OPCPA stages. The final two high-power stages are pumped with a 661 W Yb:YAG InnoSlab amplifier. A simple and robust design is used for the OPCPA system to avoid thermal effects and enhance long-term stability, resulting in excellent beam quality and high conversion efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power OPCPA system reported to date.