Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning of Eucalyptus Cellulose Nano Fiber and Improving Its Properties by Doping Nano Materials

ABSTRACT This study introduces the extraction of cellulose from eucalyptus and producing nano fibers of this cellulose which is doped with nano materials. The goal of this paper is enhancing some properties of cellulosic fiber. So, eucalyptus cellulose was extracted through a novel method and nano composite of cellulose\Ag\Cu\GeO2 was electrospun. The FESEM images and the EDX and elemental mapping analysis indicates the excellent distribution of nano particles without aggregation and\or agglomeration. Ultra Violet blocking property of samples shows that the treated samples and doping of GeO2 to the eucalyptus cellulose\Ag\Cu was improved. Based on the photocatalytic activity of used nano materials, the self-cleaning property of treated sample were investigated and the results showed that by adding nano GeO2 to the eucalyptus cellulose has a tangible effect on photocatalytic activity of sample in comparison of sample with nano Ag-Cu. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory of the samples studied on rats the result demonstrate that the produced samples can be helpful for edema reduction. Also, cytotoxicity of samples were investigated through MTT assay and cell viability of samples show low toxicity to fibroblast cell.
Community Knowledge and Practice on Sanitation, Hygiene and Household Water Utilization in Afabet City, Northern Red Sea Zone of Eritrea: Cross Sectional Study

Background: Water and sanitation entitles the human right to affordable access and sanitation. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice on sanitation, hygiene and water utilization and to estimate the prevalence of diarrhea in Afabet city.Methods: It was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional type of study with a multistage cluster sampling technique. First, 12 clusters were selected from the city and 30 households were nominated from each cluster. Then, a total of 360 individuals were sampled and every family head was interviewed. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire and field observation was used for data collection from December 05-20, 2020. Cross tabulation and association of variables using chi-square test was determined and results were weighted as cluster sampling was used. Results: A total of 360 respondents were enrolled in the study with females (75.3%) and Muslin (99.0%) predominance. About 66.2% and 66.9% respondents were satisfied with the amount and quality of water they received respectively. The prevalence of diarrhea in the community in the last six months of 2020 was 13.0%. The investigators practically approved that 90.7% of the communities revealed functional toilets and feces were observed in only 5.7% of the living area of the community. The community’s comprehensive good knowledge and practice was 99.4% and 93.0% respectively. Their comprehensive knowledge and practice showed significant association with age, sex, marital status, level of education, household size and distance to municipality water source (p<0.001). Furthermore, their comprehensive knowledge and practice, prevalence of diarrhea, presence of latrine, distance from their home to municipality water source and hand washing practice were significantly associated with the administrative area of the study participants (p<0.001). Conclusion: The community had good level of knowledge and practice but the prevalence of diarrhea was relatively high. Latrines were highly utilized but the usage of soap, personal and food hygiene was slightly low. The level of comprehensive practice, prevalence of diarrhea, distance to municipality water source and hand washing practice was associated to the administrative areas. Enhancing environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and provision of adequate and clean water are highly recommended.
Gender in eSports research: a literature review

Abstract The popularity of eSports has skyrocketed recently, prompting increasing academic attention. However, reflecting the male-dominated reality of the eSports industry, most research is focused on men. Decades of research on gender in the context of technology and computer gaming present a valid cause for concern regarding how women and other minority individuals in these settings have been and remain oppressed. This article presents a traditional narrative review of how the theoretical concept of hegemonic masculinity is used to understand gendered power inequalities in eSports in the research literature. The review reveals that research that focuses on gender and eSports revolves around three main themes: (1) issues of the construction of masculinity, (2) online harassment, and (3) negotiations of gendered expectations. Based on a discussion of gendered power inequalities within these themes, the review concludes that although eSports and traditional sports are clearly different, they discursively link masculinity, athleticism, and competition very similarly. This has significant implications for women and minority players, which in turn calls for more research on how masculinity is regaining dominance despite the increasing participation of girls and women within eSports. Abbreviation list: ESA - Entertainment Software Association LAN - Local Area Network
Variegated Arecanut (Areca Catechu L.)

Variegations in ornamental crops are not uncommon however, reports of variegations in Areca catechu L. -an economically important plantation crop have not been made yet. In the present study we have identified and characterized the palms of Mangala and South Kanara Local populations that showed variegation trait. These variant palms have variegated green and yellow stripes on nuts, leaves, leaf sheath and greener portion of the stem. Besides morphological differences, kernels also showed variations. Significant differences in the physiological and biochemical parameters of these off-types were recorded. Physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal resistance and chlorophyll index were recorded from the greener portion of variegated leaves, yellow regions of the variegated leaves and control leaves (wild type leaves). The photosynthetic rate of greener portion of variegated leaves did not differ significantly from the wild type leaves in both Mangala and S.K. Local varieties. But in both the varieties significant differences were observed between greener portion of variegated leaves and wild type leaves with yellow regions of the variegated leaves. Similarly, in both the varieties stomatal conductance of green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves are higher than yellow regions of the variegated leaves, so is the transpiration rate. Greener portion of variegated leaves and the normal leaves showed higher values for transpiration than yellow regions of the variegated leaves in both the varieties. Yellow regions of the variegated leaves showed low transpiration rate in Mangala and S.K. Local varieties. Expectedly, stomatal resistance was low in green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves compared to yellow regions. Yellow regions of the variegated leaves showed very low chlorophyll index compared to green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves in both the varieties. Biochemical constituents like total sugar, total phenolics, non-tannin phenolics and antioxidant potential in terms of reducing power using CUPRAC and FRAP methods were analysed along with moisture content in both immature and ripened arecanut of both normal and variegated types of Mangala and South Kanara Local varieties. The biochemical analysis results indicated wide variation between normal and variegated types for all the biochemical constituents studied. The genetic, biochemical and physiological significance of these variegations are discussed in this paper.
The Effect of Vortex Generators on Shock-Induced Boundary Layer Separation in a Transonic Convex-Corner Flow

Deflected control surfaces can be used as variable camber control in different flight conditions, and a convex corner resembles a simplified configuration for the upper surface. This experimental study determines the presence of passive vortex generators, VGs (counter-rotating vane type), on shock-induced boundary layer separation for transonic convex-corner flow. The mean surface pressure distributions in the presence of VGs for h/δ = 0.2 and 0.5 are similar to those for no flow control. If h/δ = 1.0 and 1.5, there is an increase in the amplitude of the mean surface pressure upstream of the corner’s apex, which corresponds to greater device drag and less downstream expansion. There is a decrease in peak pressure fluctuations as the value of h/δ increases, because there is a decrease in separation length and the frequency of shock oscillation. The effectiveness of VGs also depends on the freestream Mach number. For M = 0.89, there is an extension in the low-pressure region downstream of a convex corner, because there is greater convection and induced streamwise vorticity. VGs with h/δ ≤ 0.5 are preferred if deflected control surfaces are used to produce lift.
Investigations of water/oxide interfaces by molecular dynamics simulations

Water/oxide interfaces are ubiquitous on earth and show significant influence on many chemical processes. For example, understanding water and solute adsorption as well as catalytic water splitting can help build better fuel cells and solar cells to overcome our looming energy crisis; the interaction between biomolecules and water/oxide interfaces is one hypothesis to explain the origin of life. However, knowledge in this area is still limited due to the difficulty of studying water/solid interfaces. As a result, research using increasingly sophisticated experimental techniques and computational simulations has been carried out in recent years. Although it is difficult for experimental techniques to provide detailed microscopic structural information, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have satisfactory performance. In this review, we discuss classical and ab initio MD simulations of water/oxide interfaces. Generally, we are interested in the following questions: How do solid surfaces perturb interfacial water structure? How do interfacial water molecules and adsorbed solutes affect solid surfaces and how do interfacial environments affect solvent and solute behavior? Finally, we discuss progress in the application of neural network potential based MD simulations, which offer a promising future because this approach has already enabled ab initio level accuracy for very large systems and long trajectories.
Play-based interventions to support social and communication development in autistic children aged 2–8 years: A scoping review

Background and aims Play is used by practitioners from across disciplinary backgrounds as a natural and enjoyable context for providing intervention and support in early childhood. In the case of autism interventions, many therapies are based on the association between social play and the development of social skills, language development, and communication skills, as these are often particular areas of challenge for autistic children. However, play is a wide-ranging concept and the extant literature on play-based interventions is large and heterogeneous. This means it is challenging for practitioners and families to navigate the evidence base and make choices about differing intervention strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive map of the research on this topic and to develop a conceptual framework to inform clinical decision-making. Methods An initial stakeholder consultation confirmed the relevance of the topic to practitioners and autistic people. A scoping review methodology (preregistered) was used to identify relevant literature. We systematically searched seven databases to find peer-reviewed primary intervention studies of play-based approaches targeting language, social and communication outcomes for autistic children aged 2-8 years. We then summarised the literature using narrative synthesis and Evidence Gap Maps (EGMs). The literature was summarised according to a range of characteristics, including study design, population characteristics, agent of intervention and outcomes measured, among others. These summaries were then used to develop a framework for some key considerations for practitioners appraising play-based approaches. Results 388 studies met inclusion criteria. Approximately 21% of studies were RCTs, and over 50% had ≤10 participants. Over 45% of studies reported multiple relevant outcomes, with social play skills being the most common single intervention target. Girls and minority background groups are under-represented. A range of intervention types were identified, and some high-level categorisations are proposed. Main contribution: On the basis of the evidence synthesis we suggest important dimensions for appraisal of play-based interventions, including the role of play within an intervention (as a context, a key developmental mechanism, or a component of a larger approach), the underpinning philosophy (e.g. behaviourist or developmental), and the role of the practitioner (providing parent feedback, 1:1 intervention, group facilitation). Conclusions The wide range of approaches uncovered by this review is a testament to the wonderful diversity inherent to both play and autism. However, research could usefully focus on consolidating the evidence base for existing approaches, rather than aiming for further diversification. Implications: The conceptual framework proposed in this review can help practitioners appraise the literature and aid their advice to families when making shared intervention decisions.
SUBSTITUTION OF ANCHOR CURRENCY: CHALLENGES FOR TRADE BETWEEN IRAN AND ITS MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS

The aim of the paper is to find out whether euro is a convenient substitution for U.S. dollar as an anchor currency for Iranian rial and whether this replacement would affect Iran’s international trade positively. We explore these effects via Optimum Currency Area (OCA) theories using generalized least square from 2000 to 2018. Based on OCA index, euro would be a good substitution for U.S. dollar as an anchor for Iranian rial. In addition, gravity model and Generalized Method of Moments estimation confirm that substitution of U.S. dollar by euro would improve bilateral trade between Iran and its major trade partners especially the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Furthermore, we confirm that a basket containing main currencies (euro, U.S. dollar, yuan, Russian rubble) would be more efficient than a single currency anchor however euro should be prominent in the basket. Such a change of anchor could positively contribute to reduction of transaction costs, diversification of external risk, rise of mutual trade exchanges between Iran and the EMU or the EU and consequent economic growth of trade partners. The paper contributes to the existing literature by comprehensive methodological approach how to identify an appropriate anchor currency.
Soil depth alters the consequences of species diversity for productivity in an experimental karst herbaceous community

Aims The mechanism by which species diversity drives productivity in different ecosystems is controversial, possibly due to the confounding effects of key environmental variables. Karst ecosystems are fragile and are at great risk of species loss. In these ecosystems, soil depth is a key driver of community diversity and productivity. However, the influence of soil depth on the relationship between species diversity and productivity in karst ecosystems remains unclear.Methods We established artificial karst herbaceous communities with different soil depths and species richness levels and determined how two biodiversity effects—complementarity effect (effect of positive interactions among species) and selection effect (effect due to dominance of productive species)—contributed to productivity.Results Soil depth, species diversity, and different species combinations were significant predictors of productivity. Species diversity significantly positively affected productivity at all three soil depths, with the effect size of species diversity being the greatest in medium-depth soil. Net diversity effects were greater than 0 in all multi-species communities, indicating that complementarity and selection effects both positively influenced productivity. However, complementarity effect had a greater contribution to productivity than selection effect in all multi-species communities. Furthermore, the contribution of complementarity effect increased with increasing soil depth, while that of selection effect decreased.Conclusions Soil depth influences the relationship between species diversity and productivity in karst herbaceous communities. Furthermore, complementarity effect is the major mechanism by which diversity increases community productivity, particularly in shallow soil. Therefore, environmental variables should be seriously considered when studying the relationship between species diversity and function in other ecosystems.
The Seismic Coat: A Sustainable and Integrated Approach to the Retrofit of Existing Buildings

Within the EU’s environmental policy, redevelopment strategies must be designed by adopting an integrated approach. This approach considers energy savings in buildings and seismic safety as driving forces of economic growth. The recent technological evolution experienced by the construction sector has aimed to define a new building element, the seismic coat. This term refers to a structural “skin” that improves both the seismic safety and the energy efficiency of existing buildings according to standards identified by current regulations. With this regard, research was started with the aim of defining a sustainable seismic coat consisting of dry-assembled panels of natural stone blocks that are prestressed with the use of steel reinforcements. The experimentation carried out on the panel so far has shown significant results as the test building improved in terms of energy savings, seismic safety, sustainability, functionality, and aesthetic quality. By taking a case study of a 1960s building as reference, this paper highlights the findings obtained by the feasibility study of the panel, with a special focus on its technical and construction aspects, and to facilitate its manufacture with the use of industrialized processes. Furthermore, this research provides the installation procedures for the panel components and all relevant details regarding the connections with the existing structure of the building.
A New Host Record for Clinostomum cf. marginatum (Trematoda: Digenea: Clinostomidae) from the Endemic Salado Salamander, Eurycea chisholmensis (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from the Edwards Plateau, Texas, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT: Macroscopic examination of 622 Salado salamanders, Eurycea chisholmensis Chippindale, Price, Wiens and Hillis, 2000, collected between June 2018 and July 2020 from 3 springs in Williamson County, Texas, U.S.A. , revealed the presence of encapsulated metacercariae of Clinostomum cf. marginatum (“yellow grub”) in 3 (0.5%) hosts. Two of these 3 salamanders were examined and released unharmed per permit requirements, but 1 was found dead, and it harbored 6 total metacercariae, 4 on the head region (including 1 behind the left eye), 1 near the left front leg, and 1 in the tail. Morphological identification of C. cf. marginatum was achieved by comparison to previous accounts. Molecular identification was accomplished by comparing sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis using an 828 base pair partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region. This is the first report of any parasite from E. chisholmensis, a federally threatened species.
Identifikasi Perubahan Indeks Kerapatan Bangunan Pasca Likuifaksi Di Kota Palu

Kota Palu adalah ibukota dari Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia. Pada tanggal 28 september 2018 telah terjadi bencana alam berupa gempa bumi berkekuatan 7,4 Skala Richter (SR) yang diikuti dengan tsunami, serta likuifaksi yang melanda Kelurahan Petobo dan Balaroa. Gempa bumi, tsunami dan likuifaksi tidak hanya menyebabkan korban jiwa, namun juga menyebabkan kerusakan terhadap bangunan yang ada di Kota Palu dan sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan indeks kerapatan bangunan di Kota Palu pasca likuifaksi menggunakan citra Sentinel-2 tanggal 27 September 2018 dan 2 Oktober 2018. Metode yang digunakan dengan pendekatan Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) pada kedua citra sehingga mendapatkan perubahan kerapatan bangunan pasca Likufaksi di Kota Palu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks kerapatan bangunan berdasarkan kelas kerapatan non-bangunan, kerapatan bangunan rendah, kerapatan bangunan sedang, dan kerapatan bangunan tinggi secara berturut-turut mengalami perubahan -605.07 Ha, 61.07 Ha, 369.36 Ha, dan 174.64 Ha. Kelurahan Petobo mengalami dampak Likuifaksi 163 Ha, sedangkan Kelurahan Balaroa mengalami dampak Likuifaksi 39.54 Ha.
Towards Dual-Metal Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes

Poly (vinyl ethers) are compounds with great value in the coating industry due to exhibiting properties such as high viscosity, soft adhesiveness, resistance to saponification and solubility in water and organic solvents. However, the main challenge in this field is the synthesis of vinyl ether monomers that can be synthetized by methodologies such as vinyl transfer, reduction of vinyl phosphate ether, isomerization, hydrogenation of acetylenic ethers, elimination, addition of alcohols to alkyne species etc. Nevertheless, the most successful strategy to access to vinyl ether derivatives is the addition of alcohols to alkynes catalyzed by transition metals such as molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, gold, silver, iridium and rhodium, where gold-NHC catalysts have shown the best results in vinyl ether synthesis. Recently, the hydrophenoxylation reaction was found to proceed through a digold-assisted process where the species that determine the rate of the reaction are PhO-[Au(IPr)] and alkyne-[Au(IPr)]. Later, the improvement of the hydrophenoxylation reaction by using a mixed combination of Cu-NHC and Au-NHC catalysts was also reported. DFT studies confirmed a cost-effective method for the hydrophenoxylation reaction and located the rate-determining step, which turned out to be quite sensitive to the sterical hindrance due to the NHC ligands.