Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THERMOSENSITIVE LIPOSOMES CONTAINING DOXORUBICIN . PREPARATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

This work describes doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) preparation and in vitro evaluation. TSL were based on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC): distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC): cholesterol (CHOL) molar ratio 26:4:6; lyso-thermosensitive liposomes (LTSL) based on 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-3-glicerophosphatidylcholine:DPPC: DSPC:CHOL 2:24:4:6 and non-thermosensitive liposomes (NTSL) based on L-α-phosphatidylcholine:CHOL, 30:6. Liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration and extrusion method and characterized with respect to DOX loading, entrapment efficiency, size, morphology and in vitro DOX release. DOX entrapment efficiency was low, especially for TSL and LTSL (5.6 – 5.6%) and higher for NTSL. Examined using transmission electron microscopy liposomes have a mean diameter of 246 nm (44.3% polydispersity index). Drug release from liposomes was performed at a temperature above the phase transition temperature, possible in conditions of a local controlled hyperthermia (41-42C). In vitro DOX release study showed that TSL and LTSL in 15 min at 42C released more DOX (36%, 54% diffused in 5h), compared with NTSL (2% diffused in 5h). Rezumat Lucrarea prezintă prepararea şi evaluarea in vitro a unor lipozomi termosensibili (LTS) cu doxorubicină (DOX). Au fost preparaţi LTS din dipalmitoilfosfatidilcolină (DPFC):distearoilfosfatidilcolină (DSFC):colesterol (COL) în raport molar 26:4:6; lizo-lipozomi termosensibili (LLTS) din 1-palmitoil-2-hidroxi-3-glicero-fosfatidilcolină:DPFC:DSFC:COL 2:24:4:6 şi lipozomi netermosensibili (LNTS) din L-α-fosfatidilcolină:COL, 30:6. Lipozomii au fost preparaţi prin metoda hidratării filmului lipidic urmată de extrudare şi caracterizaţi în ceea ce priveşte încărcarea cu DOX, eficienţa de încorporare, mărimea şi cedarea in vitro a DOX. Eficienţa de încorporare a DOX a fost scăzută, în special la LTS şi LLTS (5.6–5.6%) şi mai ridicată la LNTS (17.29 %). LTS examinaţi la microscopul electronic de transmisie au prezentat un diametru mediu de 246 nm (44.3% indicele de polidispersie). LTS cedează FARMACIA, 2009, Vol. 57, 6 704 substanţa activă, la o temperatură superioară temperaturii de tranziţie a fazelor, realizabilă în condiţiile unei hipertermii locale controlate (41-42C). Studiul cedării in vitro a DOX a arătat că în timpul celor 15 minute la 42C din LTS şi LLTS s-a cedat un procent mai mare de DOX (36%, 54% difuzată in 5 ore) decât din LNTS (2% difuzată în 5 ore).
D-BLAST with group zero-forcing detection: Diversity and multiplexing tradeoff analysis

Recently, a new efficient detection method referred to as group zero-forcing (GZF) was proposed to achieve low complexity and high diversity for MIMO systems. In this paper, a diversity and multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) analysis is given for diagonal-BLAST (D-BLAST) MIMO with GZF detection over Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that the DMT of such group detection is d(r) = (N − 1)(M − r(M+1)/2)+ for r ≥ 2/M+1 and d(r) = (MN − M + 1) − rN(M+1)/2 for 0 ≤ r < 2/M+1 for MIMO with M transmit antennas and TV receive antennas, where d denotes the diversity gain and r is the multiplexing gain.
Update in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases 2005.

CLINICAL ADVANCES A number of publications have shed light on important clinical concepts surrounding the clinical evaluation and management of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs). These include approaches to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs), including nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; idiopathic usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP]), connective tissue–associated DPLD, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). IIPs A series of sentinel observations have addressed diagnostic issues, staging approaches, unique phenotypes, and management strategies for IIPs. Diagnostic approach. The approach to diagnosis in patients with DPLDs has continued to evolve over the past decade. A recent centennial review described the major impact of highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) in guiding the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected IIP (1). It is evident that stereotypical imaging features have been described for many DPLDs, including some of the IIPs (2). The diagnostic accuracy of the radiological features of UIP has been demonstrated in well-designed clinical studies (3–5). Despite these data, there remains diagnostic confusion regarding the separation of UIP from other IIPs, particularly NSIP (6). On the other hand, increasing data have suggested that predominance of ground-glass opacity with no honeycombing is more common in NSIP. In a recent series, such a pattern was seen in 96% of patients with NSIP and 59% of patients with UIP (7). Unfortunately, the overall diagnostic accuracy of HRCT for separating these two disorders was 70% in this series. The contrast between expert and less experienced radiologists in applying HRCT criteria to the diagnosis of IPF has recently been reported in data from a landmark clinical therapeutic trial (8). As part of this trial, HRCT scans were interpreted by clinical site radiologists and an expert radiology core using predefined criteria. The core radiologists agreed with a diagnosis of IPF in 99% of those diagnosed by site radiologists; little difference was found if the clinical site was an “academic” center or a community-based practice. A survey of American College of Chest Physician members (52.6% responses to the survey) suggested that 67% of respondents accepted HRCT diagnosis for IPF (9). Interestingly, one investigative group has demonstrated that interaction between expert clinicians and radiologists improves the interobserver agreement of the former in evaluating patients with IIPs (10). It is evident that a consensus is developing that typical features of UIP in the appropriate clinical setting can be used to accurately diagnose IPF. In other IIPs, particularly
Appearance based Disease Recognition of Human Brains

The way a human brain functions is a great wonder. Numerous diseases evolve in different sections of the brain causing various functions of human body to halt. Manual detection of brain diseases is becoming a bottleneck under the circumstance of high throughput and the complexity of brain images. Automatic recognition based on the appearances of the brain cross-sectional images is becoming a more desirable scheme. This problem, however, is very challenging due to severe variations of illumination. In this research, we propose an appearance based recognition method using orientation histograms. Furthermore, we look at the possibility of applying Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimension of the low-level features, aiming to accelerate the speed of recognition. With the experiments on the Harvard Whole Brain Atlas images [1], we show the promise of the proposed method. In our study we have observed a high classification accuracy rate when using the Orientation Histogram.
Sleep complaints are not corroborated by objective sleep measures in post‐traumatic stress disorder: a 1‐year prospective study in survivors of motor vehicle crashes

Disturbed sleep is a common complaint among patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, laboratory studies of sleep in PTSD have provided inconsistent evidence of objective sleep disturbances. A major shortcoming of most previous studies is the fact that they were performed retrospectively in patients with chronic PTSD, often complicated by comorbid psychiatric disorders and drug abuse. Thus, little is known about the development of sleep disturbances in recently traumatized subjects. In this study, 102 motor vehicle collision (MVC) survivors were followed from the time of collision throughout 1 year. Nineteen subjects hospitalized for elective surgery served as a comparison group. Subjective quality of sleep was assessed using the mini‐Sleep Questionnaire and the Sleep Habit Questionnaire. In addition, a 48‐h actigraphic recording was obtained 1 week, 3 and 12 months after the collision. At 12 months, a structured clinical interview (SCID) was administered to reach a formal diagnosis of PTSD. Twenty‐six of the MVC survivors, but none of the comparison subjects, met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. While MVC survivors with PTSD reported markedly poorer sleep as reflected by significantly higher scores on the mini‐Sleep Questionnaire, there were no significant differences between the three groups on the actigraphic measures that were largely normal. These results, which were obtained in subjects with no evidence of active psychiatric symptoms at the time of trauma and free of psychotropic or hypnotic medications, further support previous polysomnographic (PSG) studies suggesting that altered sleep perception, rather than sleep disturbance per se, may be the key problem in PTSD.
DNA Fingerprinting of Single Colonies ofHelicobacter pylori from Gastric Cancer Patients Suggests Infection with a Single Predominant Strain

ABSTRACT In each of six gastric cancer patients, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR DNA fingerprints of 18 single colonies ofHelicobacter pylori from the gastric antrum, corpus, and cardia were identical and matched that of the parental isolate. In three additional gastric cancer patients, 17 of 18 single-colony DNA fingerprints were identical to each other and to the DNA fingerprint of the corresponding parental isolate.
Sensorless explicit model predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors

The present paper deals with sensorless model predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The proposed explicit controllers consist in precomputed (optimal) state feedbacks that are selected according to the measured state using binary search-trees. This type of controller is well suited to obtain very fast control algorithms that impose high dynamic performance. The control scheme is based on two cascaded explicit model predictive controllers, one for the torque control another for the speed control. The nonlinearities of the motor dynamics that are due to the speed are taken into account into the torque controller derivation. The resulting adaptive closed-loop system presents a high dynamic performance for all operating points. A rotor speed and position observer is used to orient the control variables on the rotor flux without position sensor. The overall control scheme allows optimal use of the inverter and drive dynamic capabilities. The proposed concepts are validated experimentally.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in open tibial fractures. A subgroup analysis of data combined from two prospective randomized studies.

BACKGROUND The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to improve the healing of open tibial shaft fractures has been the focus of two prospective clinical studies. The objective of the current study was to perform a subgroup analysis of the combined data from these studies. METHODS Two prospective, randomized clinical studies were conducted. A total of 510 patients with open tibial fractures were randomized to receive the control treatment (intramedullary nail fixation and routine soft-tissue management) or the control treatment and an absorbable collagen sponge impregnated with one of two concentrations of rhBMP-2. The rhBMP-2 implant was placed over the fracture at the time of definitive wound closure. For the purpose of this analysis, only the control treatment and the Food and Drug Administration-approved concentration of rhBMP-2 (1.50 mg/mL) were compared. Patients who anticipated receiving planned bone-grafting as part of a staged treatment were excluded from enrollment. RESULTS Fifty-nine trauma centers in twelve countries participated, and patients were followed for twelve months postoperatively. Two subgroups were analyzed: (1) the 131 patients with a Gustilo-Anderson type-IIIA or IIIB open tibial fracture and (2) the 113 patients treated with reamed intramedullary nailing. The first subgroup demonstrated significant improvements in the rhBMP-2 group, with fewer bone-grafting procedures (p = 0.0005), fewer patients requiring invasive secondary interventions (p = 0.0065), and a lower rate of infection (p = 0.0234), compared with the control group. The second subgroup analysis of fractures treated with reamed intramedullary nailing demonstrated no significant difference between the control and the rhBMP-2 groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of rhBMP-2 to the treatment of type-III open tibial fractures can significantly reduce the frequency of bone-grafting procedures and other secondary interventions. This analysis establishes the clinical efficacy of rhBMP-2 combined with an absorbable collagen sponge implant for the treatment of these severe fractures.
Technical Trends and Challenges in Mobile Health - A Systematic Review of Recent Available Literature

This paper presents the state of the art from the available literature on mobile health care. The study was performed by means of a systematic review, a way of assessing and interpreting all available research on a particular topic in a given area, using a reliable and rigorous method. From an initial amount of 1,482 papers, we extracted and analysed data via a full reading of 40 (2.69%) of the papers that matched our selection criteria. Our analysis since 2010 show current development in 10 application areas and present ongoing trends and technical challenges on the subject. The application areas include patient monitoring, infrastructure, software architecture, modelling, framework, security, notifications, multimedia, mobile cloud computing, and literature reviews on the topic. The most relevant challenges include the low battery life of devices, multiplatform development, data transmission and security. Our study consolidates recent findings in the field and serves as a resourceful guide for future research planning and development.
Inactivation of FIP200 Leads to Inflammatory Skin Disorder, but Not Tumorigenesis, in Conditional Knock-out Mouse Models*

FIP200 (focal adhesion kinase family interacting protein of 200 kDa) has been shown to interact with other proteins to regulate several intracellular signaling pathways. To study a potential role of FIP200 in tumorigenesis and possibly other disease processes in vivo, we created and analyzed murine mammary tumor virus-Cre-mediated FIP200 conditional knock-out (CKO) mice. We found that deletion of FIP200 in mammary epithelial cells did not result in spontaneous development of breast cancer. Moreover, deletion of FIP200 did not further accelerate or inhibit lymphomagenesis induced by inactivation of p53 in mice. Interestingly, however, FIP200 and p53 double conditional knock-out (dCKO) mice exhibited significant hyperplasia of epidermis (acanthosis), thickening of the cornified layer (hyperkeratosis), and increased vascularity in the dermis. FIP200 CKO mice also showed similar, although less severe, skin defects as dCKO mice. Analyses of primary keratinocytes isolated from dCKO mice did not detect increased proliferation of these cells in vitro, suggesting that epidermis hyperproliferation is not epidermal cell-autonomous but may be a consequence of increased inflammation triggered by immune cells in vivo. Consistent with this possibility, we found infiltration of leukocytes including T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes into the dermis and epidermis, associated with activation of NF-κB and increased expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in skin of the dCKO mice. We further found that cultured FIP200 KO keratinocytes showed reduced NF-κB phosphorylation in response to tumor necrosis factor α stimulation, suggesting a paracrine regulation of aberrant NF-κB activation in the skin microenviroment of dCKO and FIP200 CKO mice. Together, these results demonstrate that ablation of FIP200, although not promoting tumorigenesis, can lead to skin inflammatory disorders, suggesting a novel function of FIP200 in the maintenance of normal skin homeostasis in vivo.
Enhanced adoptive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes after in vitro culture of murine spleen cells with concanavalin A

In vitro incubation of spleen cells with T-cell mitogens has been shown to augment cytotoxic and cytolytic T-cell function. The plant lectins Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin were employed in a similar fashion to investigate their abilities to enhance cell-mediated immunity to the microbial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Spleen cells from immune mice were incubated in vitro with Concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin before passive transfer into normal recipients. Results indicated a 10- to 100-fold enhancement in the ability of these cells stimulated in vitro to transfer antilisterial resistance, as assayed by changes in 50% lethal dose values and enumeration of splenic bacterial proliferation.
Tutor Dialogue Planning with Contextual Information and Discourse Structure

In this paper, we present two techniques to improve the effectiveness of a conversational tutoring system when interacting with groups of users. First, we propose the usage of linguistic features derived from discourse parsing to better understand the structure of the ongoing dialogue between the students and the tutoring system. Discourse parsing gives us the relational structure of a dialogue, and can be used to improve the tutoring system’s understanding of conversation structure. Second, we discuss dialogue planning using contextual information stored in a Contextual Knowledge Base (CKB). A conversational agent with access to a information about linguistic and environmental context will be able to respond to changing conditions in ways that a simple question answering agent is not capable of. We present previous empirical results for these two tasks and discuss how they can be incorporated into an Intelligent Tutoring System.
Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads.

UNLABELLED In studies on a functionally isolated avian-bone preparation to which external loads could be applied in vivo, we determined the following information. Removal of load-bearing resulted in substantial remodeling endosteally, intracortically, and, to a lesser extent, periosteally. Since the balance of this remodeling was negative, bone mass declined. It therefore appears that functional load-bearing prevents a remodeling process that would otherwise lead to disuse osteoporosis. Four consecutive cycles a day of an externally applied loading regimen that engendered physiological strain magnitudes but an altered strain distribution prevented remodeling and was thus associated with no change in bone mass. A small exposure to, or the first effect of, a suitable dynamic strain regimen appears to be sufficient to prevent the negatively balanced remodeling that is responsible for disuse osteoporosis. Thirty-six 0.5-hertz cycles per day of the same load regimen also prevented intracortical resorption but was associated with substantial periosteal and endosteal new-bone formation. Over a six-week period, bone-mineral content increased to between 133 and 143 per cent of the original value. Physiological levels of strain imposed with an abnormal strain distribution can produce an osteogenic stimulus that is capable of increasing bone mass. Neither the size nor the character of the bone changes that we observed were affected by any additional increase in the number of load cycles from thirty-six to 1800. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this experiment must be considered in relation to the type and duration of the non-physiological loads that were imposed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
"Inordinate Fondness" explained: why are there So many beetles?

The phylogeny of the Phytophaga, the largest and oldest radiation of herbivorous beetles, was reconstructed from 115 complete DNA sequences for the 18S nuclear ribosomal subunit and from 212 morphological characters. The results of these analyses were used to interpret the role of angiosperms in beetle diversification. Jurassic fossils represent basal lineages that are still associated with conifers and cycads. Repeated origins of angiosperm-feeding beetle lineages are associated with enhanced rates of beetle diversification, indicating a series of adaptive radiations. Collectively, these radiations represent nearly half of the species in the order Coleoptera and a similar proportion of herbivorous insect species.
The impact of organisational culture innovation on the adoption of IS/IT: the case of Libya

Purpose – This study sets out to explore the impact of organisational culture innovation on the adoption of information systems (IS) in Libya's oil and banking sectors.Design/methodology/approach – Using a structured survey questionnaire based on Cameron and Quinn's Organisational Culture Assessments Instrument (OCAI), 400 questionnaires were administered to middle and top management employees in more than 15 government and public organisations in Libya's oil and banking sectors.Findings – The findings showed that there is a relationship between organisational culture innovations and the adoption of IS. The findings also showed that there are no differences in the organisational culture type between the two sectors covered in this study.Originality/value – The findings imply that organisational culture innovations are influenced by other factors, which are worthy of investigation. The future implications of this research are also discussed.
Quantification of Deaminase Activity-Dependent and -Independent Restriction of HIV-1 Replication Mediated by APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G through Experimental-Mathematical Investigation

ABSTRACT APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G cytidine deaminases potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by enzymatically inserting G-to-A mutations in viral DNA and/or impairing viral reverse transcription independently of their deaminase activity. Through experimental and mathematical investigation, here we quantitatively demonstrate that 99.3% of the antiviral effect of APOBEC3G is dependent on its deaminase activity, whereas 30.2% of the antiviral effect of APOBEC3F is attributed to deaminase-independent ability. This is the first report quantitatively elucidating how APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G differ in their anti-HIV-1 modes.
Key Selection for Multilevel Indices of Large-scale Service Repositories

With the explosive growth of service-oriented computing (SOC) and extensive use of Web service technology, large amounts of services need to be efficiently stored and managed. Many works studied storage structures of services. Among them, a multilevel index model has been proved very efficient for service storage (including retrieval, addition and deletion etc.) in large-scale service repositories. A novel conception of "key" in the multilevel index model was used to remove much redundancy and speedup service retrieval significantly. But they did not discuss to what extent a key selection method can affect retrieval efficiency and whether it affects retrieval stability and addition efficiency. Focusing on these questions, our theoretical analysis and experiments proved that, in a multilevel index, different key selection methods cannot affect retrieval efficiency but do affect retrieval stability and addition efficiency. An improved key selection method is proposed. It saves nearly 50% addition time and reduces more than 80% instability (measured by standard deviation) without loss of retrieval efficiency.
Surface integral equation-domain decomposition scheme for solving multi-scale radiation and scattering problems

A non-overlapping domain decomposition (DD) preconditioner is applied in synergy with the surface integral equation (SIE) for solving large radiation and scattering problems including multiscale and/or multiphysics features. The accuracy, versatility and robustness of the proposed approach are justified through the solution of some real-life examples.