Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real Exchange Rate and Inflation: An Empirical Assessment of the Nigerian Experience

The objective of the paper has been to assess the relationship between the real exchange rate and inflation in Nigeria. Usingdata covering the period between 1970 and 2010, the cointegration test result shows a long run relationship between inflation and thereal exchange rate. The satisfactory speed of adjustment indicated by the error correction model further supports this long runrelationship. The result showed that both domestic and imported inflation appreciated the real exchange rate. The ARCH result indicatesthe persistence of volatility between the rate of inflation and the real exchange rate. An indication that the real exchange rate in Nigeriahas been susceptible to fluctuations in the rate of inflation. Policy makers should thus, not rely only on policies to stabilize real exchangerate by targeting inflation, but should employ domestic policies to increase export and production of previously imported inputs to reducethe problem of imported inflation.
Editorial: Carotid body: a new target for rescuing neural control of cardiorespiratory balance in disease

Significant insight into the mechanisms involved in chronic heart failure (CHF) have been provided by Schultz and his associates at the University of Nebraska Medical Center with the use of pacing-induced heart failure rabbits. Critical among the CHF mechanisms was the role of the carotid body (CB). The stimulated CB produces a wide array of systemic reflex responses; certainly those in the cardiopulmonary system are the most important in CHF. This generates a question as to whether the CB could serve as a target for some kind of treatment to reestablish control of cardiorespiratory balance in CHF. Any treatment would have to be based on a solid understanding of the mechanisms of chemosensing by the CB as well as the transducing of that sensing into neural activity sent to the medullary centers and regions of autonomic outflow to the periphery. Two avenues of treatment could be to (1) silence or attenuate the CB’s neural output pharmacologically and (2) excise the CBS. There is a long history of CB removal mostly as a remedy for chronic obstructive lung disease. Results have been inconclusive as to the effectiveness of this procedure. But if carefully planned, the procedure might be a helpful treatment.
Technical Note: Adjoint formulation of the TOMCAT atmospheric transport scheme in the Eulerian backtracking framework (RETRO-TOM)

Abstract. A new methodology for the formulation of an adjoint to the transport component of the chemistry transport model TOMCAT is described and implemented in a new model, RETRO-TOM. The Eulerian backtracking method is used, allowing the forward advection scheme (Prather's second-order moments) to be efficiently exploited in the backward adjoint calculations. Prather's scheme is shown to be time symmetric, suggesting the possibility of high accuracy. To attain this accuracy, however, it is necessary to make a careful treatment of the "density inconsistency" problem inherent to offline transport models. The results are verified using a series of test experiments. These demonstrate the high accuracy of RETRO-TOM when compared with direct forward sensitivity calculations, at least for problems in which flux limiters in the advection scheme are not required. RETRO-TOM therefore combines the flexibility and stability of a "finite difference of adjoint" formulation with the accuracy of an "adjoint of finite difference" formulation.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOST

The objective of this research was to study the chemical and physical properties of compost with different materials. These properties include: pH, EC, total organic carbon, total organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, C/N ratio, bulk density, moisture content, water holding capacity and porosity. The pH value ranged from 6.3 to 7.8 and EC values ranged from 2.6 to 4.1 dS m-1 for different compost types. The total organic carbon values ranged from 16.6 to 23.89 %. The total organic matter values ranged from 28.60 to 41.20 %. The total nitrogen values ranged from 0.95 to 1.68 %. The total phosphorus and total potassium values ranged from 0.27 to 1.13 % and 0.27 to 2.11 %, respectively, for different compost types. The C/N ratio values ranged from 14.22:1 to 18.52:1. The bulk density value ranged from 420 to 655 kg m-3. The moisture content values ranged from 23.50 to 32.10 %. The water holding capacity values ranged from 3.50 to 4.40 g water/g dry. The porosity values ranged from 60.69 to 72.47 % for different compost types.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT ON SOIL SOLARIZATION EFFICIENCY

The experiments of this study were carried out to investigate how soil temperature is influenced by different soil moisture content regimes during soil solarization. The ten plots were brought to five volumetric moisture regimes (M1-M5). The moistened soils were mulched with 100-μm-thick black and transparent polyethylene covers. Maximum and minimum soil temperatures for depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm were recorded from 1 June to 30 July, 2010at Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya. For black and transparent covers, the results showed that the maximum soil temperatures decreased with increasing soil moisture content. Moreover, soil solarization efficiency decreased with increasing moisture content. The higher temperatures under the M4 (0.39 and 0.37 m3/m3 at start solarization) irrigation regime resulted in faster eradication of the pathogenic fungus.
Do we predict upcoming speech content in naturalistic environments?

The ability to predict upcoming actions is a characteristic hallmark of cognition and therefore not surprisingly a central topic in cognitive science. It remains unclear, however, whether the predictive behaviour commonly observed in strictly controlled lab environments generalizes to rich, everyday settings. In four virtual reality experiments, we tested whether a well-established marker of linguistic prediction (i.e. anticipatory eye movements as observed in the visual world paradigm) replicated when increasing the naturalness of the paradigm by means of i) immersing participants in naturalistic everyday scenes, ii) increasing the number of distractor objects present, iii) manipulating the location of referents in central versus peripheral vision, and iv) modifying the proportion of predictable noun-referents in the experiment. Robust anticipatory eye movements were observed, even in the presence of 10 objects (hereby testing working memory) and when only 25% of all sentences contained a visually present referent (hereby testing error-based learning). The anticipatory effect disappeared, however, when referents were placed in peripheral vision. Together, our findings suggest that working memory may play an important role in predictive processing in everyday communication, but only in contexts where upcoming referents have been explicitly attended to prior to encountering the spoken referential act. Methodologically, our study confirms that ecological validity and experimental control may go hand in hand in future studies of human predictive behaviour.
Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450-3A4 isoform by Crude Extracts from Acai Berry

The oxidoreductase enzymes that comprise the human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system are vital in metabolism, lipid synthesis, and detoxification of the human body. It is known that enzymes in this pathway process the majority of pharmaceuticals, thus the study of these enzymes proves to be valuable in determining potentially harmful drug interactions. The amazon acaí berry has gained popularity in recent years due to its reported health benefits and has been deemed by many health organizations as a superfood. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of isolated acaí berry extracts on the activity of the CYP 450 enzyme 3A4 and 2D6 to determine if there is a possible drug interaction. The results obtained suggest that compounds in certain acaí fractionations, specifically 94-C (Diosmetin) inhibit the enzymes’ activity by approximately 68%. While further research into the metabolism of acaí berries must be conducted, these results imply that eating acaí berries may be harmful while taking certain medications due to the inability of CYP 3A4 and 2D6 enzymes to adequately metabolize the drug. CYP450-3A4 INHIBITION 4 Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450-3A4 isoform by Crude Extracts from Acai
Opposing Roles of the Fork-head box genes FoxM1 and FoxA2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The fork-head box transcription factor FoxMl is essential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and its overexpression coincides with poor prognosis. Here, we show that the mechanisms by which FoxM1 drives HCC progression involve overcoming the inhibitory effects of the liver differentiation gene FoxA2. First, the expression patterns of FoxM1 and FoxA2 in human HCC are opposite. We show that FoxM1 represses expression of FoxA2 in G1 phase, a phase in the cell cycle in which cells can undergo differentiation. Repression of FoxA2 in G1 phase is important, as it is capable of inhibiting expression of the pluripotency genes that are expressed mainly in S/G2 phases. Using a transgenic mouse model for oncogenic Ras-driven HCC, we provide genetic evidence for a repression of FoxA2 by FoxM1. Conversely, FoxA2 inhibits expression of FoxM1, and inhibits FoxM1-induced tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Moreover, expression of FoxA2 in mouse liver expressing activated Ras inhibits FoxM1 expression and inhibits HCC progression. The observations provide strong genetic evidence for an opposing role of FoxM1 and FoxA2 in HCC progression. AUTHOR SUMMARY Liver cancer remains untreatable because it is diagnosed at a stage when the cancer is aggressive and resistant to therapeutics. The mechanism that drives aggressive liver cancer is poorly understood. These cancers are made up of poorly differentiated cancer cells. Interestingly, the FoxM1 gene is overexpressed in the aggressive liver cancers. Although FoxM1 is important for expression of the proliferation genes, it does not explain why it is overexpressed mainly in the undifferentiated cancers. The current study addresses this puzzle. Our previous studies demonstrated that FoxM1 increases expression of the pluripotency genes that are expressed mainly in the stem-like cells. In the current manuscript we show that, in addition to activating the pluripotency genes, FoxM1 inhibits expression of the liver differentiation gene FoxA2. Overexpression of FoxM1 is important for this inhibition function, as it involves the retinoblastoma family of proteins, which are often inactivated in cancer cells, and thus, are of low-abundance. Moreover, the inhibition of FoxA2 is significant because FoxA2 could inhibit expression of the pluripotency genes as well as FoxM1. The observations provide new insights into how FoxM1 drives progression of aggressive liver cancer.
Effets inélastiques dans les courants électroniques à l'échelle nanométrique

Cette these traite des effets inelastiques qui ont lieu au sein des courants electroniques. En utilisant un formalisme dependant du temps, nous avons obtenu des resultats qui apportent une vision riche en renseignements au sujet du couplage electron-phonon. Nous avons pu comparer cette methode a une approche independante du temps, pour en analyser les avantages et inconvenients. Finalement, une etude de chimie quantique est presentee dans le cadre de la microscopie a effet tunnel (STM). Nous avons etudie la chimisorption d'une molecule de tetrathiafulvalene sur une surface d'or: le calcul du transfert de charge vers la surface, du dipole induit, puis la simulation d'images STM ont ete effectues sur la base de la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite.
Dicer expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and its association with prognosis in patients subject to radical resection

Objective To evaluate Dicer expression and its prognostic value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection.Methods Dicer mRNA expression was detected in HCC frozen specimens (n =17) and their adjacent peritumoral tissues.Dicer protein expression was detected in a HCC tissue microarray containing paired intratumoral and peritumoral tissues (n =276),and normal liver tissues (n =40). The analyses were performed to investigate their prognostic values in HCC patients undergoing radical resection.Dicer mRNA and protein expression was further measured in HCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials and a normal liver cell line.Results Dicer mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in HCC intratumoral tissues than in their paired peritumoral tissues and normal liver tissues (P ＜ 0.01). HCC patients with lower intratumoral Dicer expression had significantly shorter OS time (P ＜ 0.05),and patients with lower peritumoral Dicer expression had both significantly shorter OS and DFS time (P ＜ 0.05). Dicer mRNA and protein expression was higher in L-02 than in HCC cell lines (P ＜0.01),and it was decreased gradually in HCC cell lines with increased metastatic potentials.Conclusion Dicer expression may be associated with HCC carcinogenesis and metastasis,and its low expression in either intratumoral or peritumoral tissue may indicate poor prognosis in HCC patients after radical resection. Key words: Carcinoma,hepatocelluar; Dicer; Prognosis
Finding large induced sparse subgraphs in c>t -free graphs in quasipolynomial time

For an integer t, a graph G is called C>t-free if G does not contain any induced cycle on more than t vertices. We prove the following statement: for every pair of integers d and t and a statement φ, there exists an algorithm that, given an n-vertex C>t-free graph G with weights on vertices, finds in time n(log3 n) a maximum-weight vertex subset S such that G[S] has degeneracy at most d and satisfies φ. The running time can be improved to n(log2 n) assuming G is Pt-free, that is, G does not contain an induced path on t vertices. This expands the recent results of the authors [FOCS 2020 and SOSA 2021] on the Maximum Weight Independent Set problem on Pt-free graphs in two directions: by encompassing the more general setting of C>t-free graphs, and by being applicable to a much wider variety of problems, such as Maximum Weight Induced Forest or Maximum Weight Induced Planar Graph.
BICEP = Keck XII: Constraints on axionlike polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background

We present a search for axionlike polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with observations from the Keck Array . A local axion field induces an all-sky, temporally sinusoidal rotation of CMB polarization. A CMB polarimeter can thus function as a direct-detection experiment for axionlike dark matter. We develop techniques to extract an oscillation signal. Many elements of the method are generic to CMB polarimetry experiments and can be adapted for other datasets. As a first demonstration, we process data from the 2012 observing season to set upper limits on the axion-photon coupling constant in the mass range 10 − 21 – 10 − 18 eV, which corresponds to oscillation periods on the order of hours to months. We find no statistically significant deviations from the background model. For periods larger than 24 hr (mass m < 4 . 8 × 10 − 20 eV), the median 95% confidence upper limit is equivalent to a rotation amplitude of 0.68°, which constrains the axion-photon coupling constant to g ϕγ < ð 1 . 1 × 10 − 11 GeV − 1 Þ m= ð 10 − 21 eV Þ , if axionlike particles constitute all of the dark matter. The constraints can be improved substantially with data already collected by the BICEP series of experiments. Current and future CMB polarimetry experiments are expected to achieve sufficient sensitivity to rule out unexplored regions of the axion parameter space. being tested. We define
Streaming Transformer Asr With Blockwise Synchronous Beam Search

The Transformer self-attention network has shown promising performance as an alternative to recurrent neural networks in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, Transformer has a drawback in that the entire input sequence is required to compute both self-attention and source–target attention. In this paper, we propose a novel blockwise synchronous beam search algorithm based on blockwise processing of encoder to perform streaming E2E Transformer ASR. In the beam search, encoded feature blocks are synchronously aligned using a block boundary detection technique, where a reliability score of each predicted hypothesis is evaluated based on the end-of-sequence and repeated tokens in the hypothesis. Evaluations of the HKUST and AISHELL-1 Mandarin, LibriSpeech English, and CSJ Japanese tasks show that the proposed streaming Transformer algorithm outperforms conventional online approaches, including monotonic chunkwise attention (MoChA), especially when using the knowledge distillation technique. An ablation study indicates that our streaming approach contributes to reducing the response time, and the repetition criterion contributes significantly in certain tasks. Our streaming ASR models achieve comparable or superior performance to batch models and other streaming-based Transformer methods in all tasks considered.
Leptophobic 
Z′
 bosons in the secluded UMSSM

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the secluded UMSSM model, consistent with present experimental constraints. We find that in this model the additional $Z^\prime$ gauge boson can be leptophobic without resorting to gauge kinetic mixing and, consequently, also $d$-quark-phobic, thus lowering the LHC bounds on its mass. The model can accommodate very light singlinos as DM candidates, consistent with present day cosmological and collider constraints. Light charginos and neutralinos are responsible for muon anomalous magnetic predictions within 1$\sigma$ of the measured experimental value. Finally, we look at the possibility that a lighter $Z^\prime$, expected to decay mainly into chargino pairs and followed by the decay into lepton pairs, could be observed at 27 TeV.
Pareto Optimal Projection Search (POPS): Automated Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning by Direct Search of the Pareto Surface

Objective: Radiation therapy treatment planning is a time-consuming, iterative process with potentially high inter-planner variability. Fully automated treatment planning processes could reduce a planner's active treatment planning time and remove inter-planner variability, with the potential to tremendously improve patient turnover and quality of care. In developing fully automated algorithms for treatment planning, we have two main objectives: to produce plans that are 1) Pareto optimal and 2) clinically acceptable. Here, we propose the Pareto optimal projection search (POPS) algorithm, which provides a general framework for directly searching the Pareto front. Methods: Our POPS algorithm is a novel automated planning method that combines two main search processes: 1) gradient-free search in the decision variable space and 2) projection of decision variables to the Pareto front using the bisection method. We demonstrate the performance of POPS by comparing with clinical treatment plans. As one possible quantitative measure of treatment plan quality, we construct a clinical acceptability scoring function (SF) modified from the previously developed general evaluation metric (GEM). Results: On a dataset of 21 prostate cases collected as part of clinical workflow, our proposed POPS algorithm produces Pareto optimal plans that are clinically acceptable in regards to dose conformity, dose homogeneity, and sparing of organs-at-risk. Conclusion: Our proposed POPS algorithm provides a general framework for fully automated treatment planning that achieves clinically acceptable dosimetric quality without requiring active planning from human planners. Significance: Our fully automated POPS algorithm addresses many key limitations of other automated planning approaches, and we anticipate that it will substantially improve treatment planning workflow.
Differences in effective ploidy as drivers of genome-wide endosperm expression asymmetries and seed failure in wild tomato hybrids

Endosperm misdevelopment leading to hybrid seed failure is a common cause of postzygotic isolation in angiosperms and is observed in both interploidy and homoploid crosses between closely related lineages. Moreover, parental dosage is critical for successful endosperm and seed development, typically requiring a ratio of two maternal to one paternal genome(s) in within-species crosses. The recently revived concept of ‘effective ploidy’ can largely explain the outcome of experimental crosses that (partly) ameliorate hybrid seed failure by manipulating the actual ploidy in one of the parents. However, genome-wide expression perturbations concomitant with levels of hybrid seed failure have yet to be reported. The tomato clade (Solanum section Lycopersicon), encompassing closely related diploids with partial-to-complete hybrid seed failure and diverse mating systems, provides outstanding opportunities to study these issues. Here we compared replicated endosperm transcriptomes from six crosses within and among three wild tomato lineages. Strikingly, both strongly inviable hybrid crosses displayed conspicuous, asymmetric expression perturbations with strong signatures of cross direction. In particular, Solanum peruvianum, the species inferred to have evolved higher effective ploidy than the other two, drove hybrid expression landscapes in both maternal and paternal roles. This global expression divergence was mirrored in functionally important gene families such as transcription factors and E3 ubiquitin ligases, and revealed differences in cell-cycle tuning between lineages that match phenotypic differences in developing endosperm and mature seed size between reciprocal crosses. Our work initiates the exploration of links between parental conflict, genomic imprinting, expression dosage and hybrid seed failure in flowering plants.
Measurement and analysis of energy consumption on Android smartphones

Energy is a significant bottleneck of smartphone operation. Today's smartphone batteries can normally support less than two day's continuous daily use. It is therefore important to find out where the energy goes inside a smartphone. In this paper, we present a hardware based method for Android smartphones. We conduct a comprehensive power evaluation under a predefined set of test cases, and identify a number of primary power-hungry modules, such as the screen display, GPS and WiFi modules. Finally, an energy model for these modules is established.
Research Article Heat shock genes in the stingless bee Melipona interrupta (Hymenoptera, Meliponini)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecules across all plant and animal species. In insects, HSPs are expressed in response to biotic and abiotic stressors and have a well characterized expression pattern in response to heat stress, especially heat shock genes Hsp60, 70 and 90. Temperature affects many aspects of eusocial Hymenoptera, including the stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini). Consequently, these insects have developed thermal adaptation mechanisms, including thermoregulation. However, this ability decreases when there is deviation from the optimum temperature, compromising colony survival. The study of molecular responses to heat shock stress can be important for the preservation of these pollinizers. We identified and validated in silico the genes encoding HSP60, 70 and 90 in Melipona interrupta, one of the main stingless bees used for honey production in the Amazon region. cDNA fragments of males, workers and queen bees at the white-eyed pupal stage were amplified using degenerate primers. After sequencing, aligning and editing, the sequences were compared with public genomic databases for in silico validation. One fragment of Hsp60, three fragments of Hsp70 and two fragments of Hsp90 were obtained for M. interrupta. These fragments showed 100%