Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Healthy Eating in Families With a Toddler at Risk for Overweight: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To ascertain whether a parent education program based on Satter's division of responsibility in feeding children (DOR) is effective in enhancing parent/child feeding interactions for children with an overweight/obese parent. The primary hypothesis was that the intervention would decrease parental pressure to eat. Methods: Sixty-two families with a child between 2 and 4 years with at least 1 overweight/obese parent were randomly allocated using a cluster design to either the DOR intervention or a control group. The control group focused on increasing family consumption of healthy foods and activity levels and enhancing child sleep duration. The primary outcome was parent pressure on their child to eat. Results: The DOR intervention was superior to the control group in reducing the pressure to eat. Two moderators of pressure to eat were found: disinhibition of eating and hunger. The parents in the DOR group, irrespective of disinhibition levels, lowered the pressure to eat, whereas those in the control group with low disinhibition increased the pressure to eat. There were similar findings for hunger. Gender moderated restrictive feeding with DOR parents lowering restriction more than parents of the control group in girls only. Conclusion: The DOR intervention was more effective in reducing the parent pressure to eat and food restriction (in girls only) than the control group.
Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Part 1-etiology, classification, and pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus are increasing in epidemic proportions globally. Prameha is a syndrome described in the ancient Ayurvedic texts that includes clinical conditions involved in obesity, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Integrating the theory and modalities of Ayurveda in the management of these disorders may prove to be beneficial. Even though Prameha is a Tridoshaja Vyadhi (a disease involving all three of the psychophysiologic principles known as Doshas [i.e., Vata, Pitta, and Kapha]), it is basically a disease with Kapha predominance. RESULTS There are 20 subtypes of Prameha due to the interaction of the three Doshas and 10 Dushyas (disturbed functioning of the principles that support the various bodily tissues); several of these subtypes have sweet urine, whereas some of them have different coloration of the urine, highlighting the inflammatory conditions involved in the metabolic syndrome. This disease has close ties to Sthaulya (i.e., obesity). With regard to diabetes mellitus, Sahaja Prameha and Jatah Pramehi correlate with type 1 diabetes; Apathyanimittaja Prameha correlates with type 2 diabetes. Madhumeha is a subtype of Vataja Prameha (Prameha with Vata predominance) that can occur as the terminal stage of type 2 diabetes (in which insulin is required), or as type 1 diabetes beginning in early childhood. The latter is defined as Jatah Pramehi Madhumehino in Charaka Samhita, one of the classical Ayurvedic texts. CONCLUSIONS Various dietary, lifestyle, and psychologic factors are involved in the etiology of Prameha, particularly in relation to disturbances in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The ancient Ayurvedic knowledge regarding Prameha can be utilized to expand the current understanding of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
Visual servoing for a scale model autonomous helicopter

A control design to stabilise a reduced scale autonomous helicopter equipped with a camera is presented. The proposed algorithm is motivated by recent work in image-based visual servoing control for under-actuated dynamic systems. This work is extended by considering models that contain weakly nonminimum phase zero dynamics. This is an important class of systems since an offset between the camera and the centre of mass for a typical 'dynamic' autonomous vehicle will result in zero dynamics occurring in the image dynamics. In this paper we propose a simplified model of dynamics of the helicopter and show that by placing some constraints in the choice of the position of the camera we can minimise the effect of the zero dynamics.
Polyamine dendrimer‐based MRI contrast agents for functional kidney imaging to diagnose acute renal failure

To choose an efficacious renal functional MRI contrast agent to image early renal tubular damage. We synthesized and compared smaller polyamine dendrimer‐based MRI contrast agents (<60 kD) that, unlike Gd‐[DTPA], transiently accumulate in renal tubules and can be used to visualize renal structural and functional damage.
Downregulation of Thy1 in Retinal Ganglion Cells in Experimental Glaucoma

Purpose: Thy1 is a surface glycoprotein uniquely expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retina. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression change of Thy1 in a model of experimental glaucoma. Methods: The change of protein and mRNA levels of Thy1 in the retina were studied using stereological counts of back-labeled RGCs, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and laser capture microdissection (LCM) of RGCs with quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA in a model of experimental glaucoma. LCM after optic nerve crush was also performed to evaluate Thy1 mRNA levels after a different injury. Results: After 10 days of elevated IOP, there was a 34% loss of RGC number, Thy1 protein decreased 60% in eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and Thy1 mRNA levels decreased 51% in RGCs. Both protein and mRNA level change of Thy1 is to a much greater extent than RGC number loss. Conclusions: The current results confirm that Thy 1 mRNA levels do not reflect the number of RGCs present and extend this to include a parallel decrease in Thy1 protein levels. These results suggest that Thy1 serves as an early marker of RGC stress, but not a marker of RGC loss, in models of retinal damage.
Combining n-gram based statistics with traditional methods for named entity recognition

In this paper, we show three main results. First, we show that an n-gram dataset built from a large web crawl, as opposed to data from the specific target domain, can be used to perform the task of named entity recognition with reasonable accuracy. Second, we show that for complex domains, such as the MUC-7 NER task, the Lex method may not perform as well as other methods, due largely in part to subjective definitions of what constitutes a named entity. Finally, we show that for both clear domains and more subjective domains, combining Lex with traditional lexical approaches can achieve higher accuracy than either alone.
La hermenéutica y el método de la ciencias sociales

El presente articulo es un texto de Paul Ricoeur, traducido por el profesor Jorge Enrique Gonzalez, con motivo de la publicacion de este numero conmemorativo de Cuadernos de Filosofia Latinoamericana. El texto presenta la importancia de la hermeneutica como medio teorico para la interpretacion de los textos, capaz de proyectarse al campo practicpo de las ciencias sociales.
Chromosomal microarray testing identifies a 4p terminal region associated with seizures in Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome

Background Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving variable size deletions of the 4p16.3 region. Seizures are frequently, but not always, associated with WHS. We hypothesised that the size and location of the deleted region may correlate with seizure presentation. Methods Using chromosomal microarray analysis, we finely mapped the breakpoints of copy number variants (CNVs) in 48 individuals with WHS. Seizure phenotype data were collected through parent-reported answers to a comprehensive questionnaire and supplemented with available medical records. Results We observed a significant correlation between the presence of an interstitial 4p deletion and lack of a seizure phenotype (Fisher's exact test p=3.59e-6). In our cohort, there were five individuals with interstitial deletions with a distal breakpoint at least 751 kbp proximal to the 4p terminus. Four of these individuals have never had an observable seizure, and the fifth individual had a single febrile seizure at the age of 1.5 years. All other individuals in our cohort whose deletions encompass the terminal 751 kbp region report having seizures typical of WHS. Additional examples from the literature corroborate these observations and further refine the candidate seizure susceptibility region to a region 197 kbp in size, starting 368 kbp from the terminus of chromosome 4. Conclusions We identify a small terminal region of chromosome 4p that represents a seizure susceptibility region. Deletion of this region in the context of WHS is sufficient for seizure occurrence.
X‐Inactivation Status Varies in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from human blastocysts have an apparently unlimited proliferative capacity and can differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. As such, hESC lines have enormous potential for use in cell replacement therapies. It must first be demonstrated, however, that hESCs maintain a stable karyotype and phenotype and that gene expression is appropriately regulated. To date, different hESC lines exhibit similar patterns of expression of markers associated with pluripotent cells. However, the evaluation of epigenetic status of hESC lines has only recently been initiated. One example of epigenetic gene regulation is dosage compensation of the X chromosome in mammalian females. This is achieved through an epigenetic event referred to as X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI), an event initiated upon cellular differentiation. We provide the first evidence that undifferentiated hESC lines exhibit different patterns of XCI.
Measurements for the Paranoid: The Effect of Encrypting Files in Cloud Storage

Cloud storage is increasing in popularity and has been for years. People upload personal data in large quantities to the cloud without concerning themselves with safeguarding of that data. This paper focusses on the encryption of data and the synchronization of that data. Dierent synchronization techniques are researched to gain an answer on how encryption will aect the techniques. Tests are performed with Dropbox, a service that uses many smart synchronization techniques, in a worst case manner. ECB and CBC modes of operation are compared to no encryption in light of the data exchange needed for synchronization. Conclusions are drawn based on the results of these performance measurements.
Development of a database for chemical mechanism assignments for volatile organic emissions

The development of a database for making model species assignments when preparing total organic gas (TOG) emissions input for atmospheric models is described. This database currently has assignments of model species for 12 different gas-phase chemical mechanisms for over 1700 chemical compounds and covers over 3000 chemical categories used in five different anthropogenic TOG profile databases or output by two different biogenic emissions models. This involved developing a unified chemical classification system, assigning compounds to mixtures, assigning model species for the mechanisms to the compounds, and making assignments for unknown, unassigned, and nonvolatile mass. The comprehensiveness of the assignments, the contributions of various types of speciation categories to current profile and total emissions data, inconsistencies with existing undocumented model species assignments, and remaining speciation issues and areas of needed work are also discussed. The use of the system to prepare input for SMOKE, the Speciation Tool, and for biogenic models is described in the supplementary materials. The database, associated programs and files, and a users manual are available online at http://www.cert. ucr.edu/~carter/emitdb. Implications: Assigning air quality model species to the hundreds of emitted chemicals is a necessary link between emissions data and modeling effects of emissions on air quality. This is not easy and makes it difficult to implement new and more chemically detailed mechanisms in models. If done incorrectly, it is similar to errors in emissions speciation or the chemical mechanism used. Nevertheless, making such assignments is often an afterthought in chemical mechanism development and emissions processing, and existing assignments are usually undocumented and have errors and inconsistencies. This work is designed to address some of these problems.
A genetic algorithm approach for feature selection in potatoes classification by computer vision

Potato quality control has improved in the last years thanks to automation techniques like machine vision, mainly making the classification task between different quality degrees faster, safer and less subjective. We present a system that classifies potatoes depending on their external defects and diseases. Firstly, some image processing techniques are used to segment and analyze the potatoes. Then, a classifier is used to decide the group the potato belongs to. For the feature selection task, we have designed an ad-hoc genetic algorithm which maximizes the classification percentage. This approach is used to perform an optimization in the search of the better feature combination. The system shows to be effective in real operation simulations (working with unwashed potatoes covered with dust and sand,), what seems to be a good starting point in the development of the system.
Reproductive suppression follows threats to child survival

Natural selection presumably conserved mechanisms that allow females to block or terminate gestation when environmental circumstances threaten the survival of offspring. One example of this adaptive reproductive suppression, the Bruce effect, has been identified in several species, both in the laboratory and in the wild. Although descriptive epidemiology reports low fertility among women experiencing stressful circumstances, attempts to detect a Bruce effect in humans have been rare and limited. We contribute to this limited work by examining the relationship between the odds of child death and the sex ratio at birth in Sweden for the years 1751–1840. We find evidence of a generalized Bruce effect in humans in that unexpected changes in child mortality predict opposite unexpected changes in the secondary sex ratio in the following year, even after adjusting for period life expectancy. Our analysis broadens the scope of the Bruce effect literature to include humans, suggesting that women, through noncognitive decisional biology, adjust reproductive strategies and investments in response to changing environmental conditions.
In Equations We Trust? Formula Knowledge Effects on the Exponential Growth Bias in Household Finance Decisions

Exponential growth effects play a major role in many household finance decisions. A systematic bias in dealing with exponential growth can lead to poor savings and debt decisions. In this paper, we extend previous research on the exponential growth bias in the savings and debt domains and provide a first experimental link between these two important fields of consumer financial decision making. We develop a measure for the exponential growth bias that naturally extends over different domains and parameter settings, and we explore the ramifications of being acquainted with the basic formula of exponential savings growth. Specifically, we analyze whether such formula knowledge helps only in calculating simple compound interest scenarios with a pocket calculator or if it provides benefits that go beyond this narrow field of application. We observe that—even without a pocket calculator—individuals who know the compound interest formula provide less biased estimates for problems from the savings domain and als.
Principles underlying the development and use of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A and B virus vaccines.

THE COLD-ADAPTED (ca) influenza A and B viruses developed by Maassab show great promise for use as a live attenuated virus vaccine to protect against the upper and lower respiratory tract disease caused by the influenza viruses (8,52,58). Since influenza A and B viruses undergo continuous antigenic changes, the live attenuated virus vaccines, like the licensed influenza virus subunit vaccines, will need to be updated frequently to be able to protect against the newly emerged epidemic antigenic variants of influenza A and B viruses. There are 15 antigenically distinct hemagglutinins (H1–H15) and nine antigenically distinct neuraminidases (N1–N9) in influenza A viruses that infect birds or mammals (98). Currently, two antigenic subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1 and H3N2) co-circulate with influenza B virus in humans. A trivalent ca vaccine is therefore needed to protect against each of these three influenza viruses. The influenza A viruses possess a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome in eight segments that encode three polymerase proteins (98) (PB1, PB2, and PA); four membrane-associated proteins (the hemagglutinin [HA] glycoprotein, which mediates attachment and penetration; the neuraminidase [NA] protein, which mediates release of virus from the infected cell; the membrane protein [M], which lines the inner surface of the viral membrane and plays an essential role in virion structure and assembly, and the M2 protein, which forms an H1 ion channel that is required for release of the nucleocapsid following viral penetration of the host cell); a nucleocapsid protein (NP); a nonstructural protein (NS1) that functions as an interferon antagonist; a nuclear-export structural protein (NEP); and a newly described PB1-F2 protein (for influenza A viruses) that induces apoptosis in macrophages and lymphocytes (12). The genome of the influenza B viruses is organized similarly, but the NA gene contains a second open reading frame that encodes a second protein, NB, and the M gene does not encode an M2 protein (50). The NB protein of influenza B virus is thought to have a similar function as the M2 protein of influenza A virus (50). The segmented nature of the influenza virus genome permits the exchange of viral genes between two viruses co-infecting the same cell (Fig. 1). Such reassortment occurs between two influenza A viruses or two influenza B viruses but not between influenza A and B viruses. Protective immunity to influenza A viruses is mediated primarily by serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies directed against the HA and NA, making it necessary that these two antigens are derived from the newly emerged antigenic variant virus (98) (Fig. 1). Heterosubtypic immunity, that is, resistance to infection with an influenza A virus conferred by previ-
Pleurectomy/Decortication is Superior to Extrapleural Pneumonectomy in the Multimodality Management of Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Introduction: To compare the outcomes of two different multimodality regimens involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and adjuvant radiotherapy versus pleurectomy/decortication (P/D), hyperthermic pleural lavage with povidone-iodine, and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods: Nonrandomized prospective study of patients treated by multimodality therapy and operated on between January 2004 and June 2011. Second-line treatments were administered when appropriate. Survival and prognostic factors were analyzed by the Kaplan Meier method, log rank test, and Cox regression analysis. Results: Twenty-five consecutive patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 22 underwent EPP, and 17 received adjuvant radiotherapy. Over the same period, 54 consecutive patients underwent P/D and hyperthermic pleural lavage and received prophylactic radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.5%in the EPP group and nil in the P/D group. Fifteen patients (68%) in the EPP group and 15 (27.7%) in the P/D group experienced complications. There were no differences between the EPP and P/D groups for age, sex, histology, pathologic stage, and nodal status. Trimodality therapy was completed by 68%of the patients in the EPP group and 100%in the P/D group. Survival was significantly better in the P/D group: median survival was 23 months versus 12.8 months, 2-year survival was 49%versus 18.2 %, and 5-year survival was 30.1%versus 9%, respectively (p = 0.004). At multivariate analysis, epithelioid histology, P/D, and completeness of resection were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: In our experience, P/D, hyperthermic pleural lavage with povidone-iodine, and adjuvant chemotherapy were superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, EPP, and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Phenomenological similarities between protein denaturation and small‐molecule dissolution: Insights into the mechanism driving the thermal resistance of globular proteins

This article shows that the stability profiles of thermophilic proteins are significantly displaced toward higher temperatures as compared to those of mesophilic proteins. A similar trend characterizes the aqueous transfer of N‐alkyl amides. In fact, as a general feature of transfer processes, liquid dissolution profiles are centered at temperatures higher than those of solid ones. This behavior is governed by packing contributions. A partition of the unfolding thermodynamics based on the analysis of phenomenological temperatures common to dissolution and unfolding phenomena provides a clue to understanding the mechanism of thermal stabilization. In fact, the position of stability profiles along the temperature axis does not appear to depend on solvation of internal residues. Instead, it is notably affected by solidlike components, whose progressive decrease appears to drive the heat denaturation temperature increase of most thermostable proteins. As a corollary, it is shown that there are actually two limiting mechanisms of thermal stabilization. Proteins 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beneficial effect of modified peptide inhibitor of α4 integrins on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

An important event in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) is the recruitment of lymphocytes and inflammatory macrophages to the central nervous system (CNS). Recruitment requires adhesive interactions between the leukocytes and the microvascular endothelium, perivascular cells, and astrocytes in the CNS parenchyma. Previous studies using an animal model of MS, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), have shown the involvement of the α4 integrin VLA‐4 (β4β1). In the present study, the effect of a modified peptide inhibitor of α4 integrins on the clinical course and leukocyte infiltration during EAE is investigated. EAE was either induced actively, by immunizing Lewis rats with whole guinea pig MBP, or passively, by transfer of an MBP‐specific T cell line. Treatment with the inhibitor (CS1 ligand mimic) completely prevented both clinical signs and cellular infiltration in passively induced EAE. Peptide treatment of actively induced EAE, which has a more severe disease course than the transfer model, significantly reduced clinical signs although the recruitment of inflammatory cells and induction of MHC class II expression was not prevented. The α4 inhibitor did inhibit the adhesion of lymphocytes to primary astrocytes in vitro suggesting a role for astrocyte‐leukocyte interactions in the pathogenesis of induced EAE. Astrocytes were found to express an extracellular matrix protein distinct from fibronectin, which shows immune cross‐reactivity with the CS1 domain of fibronectin. Our results show that small‐molecule inhibitors of α4 integrins act therapeutically in EAE possibly by interfering with cell adhesion events involved in this autoimmune disease. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.