Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Application of Paraphrasing Technology of Machine Translation in the Construction of Corpus

—At present, with the updating of knowledge and information, bilingual libraries are unlikely to contain all linguistic phenomena. In the course of Machine Translation, it is impossible to process unknown texts that are not present in the corpus. With paraphrasing technology, the unknown text fragments can be translated into idioms with relatively close meaning. The goal of this paper is to combine multiple resources to improve the accuracy and comprehensive performance of paraphrasing technology. This can solve the problem of data sparseness and make the expression more diversified. When bilingual corpus is enriched, the expressions are diversified; the accuracy of machine translation is improved.
A Distributed Power Consumption Metering Assessment Method for the Energy Internet

This paper proposes a distributed power supply consumption metering assessment index system and method for rural energy internet, which can be used in the dispatch and design departments of power companies. The method can solve the problems that exist in the existing distribution system, such as the lack of basis for siting and capacity determination and access of large-scale distributed power units, and the single and one-sided assessment index of distributed power consumption capacity. Firstly, analysing the characteristics of the new rural power grid, considering the impact of the uncertainty of distributed power supply output, organically combine the influencing factors of power quality, power supply reliability and operational safety and establish a multi-dimensional index evaluation system to measure the ability of distributed power sources to consume. Finally, the improved fuzzy estimation is used to determine the consumption capacity of the rural grid. The data of a rural grid operation is analysed by case study to accurately assess the consumption capacity of distributed power sources in the area.
Generalized Outlier Gaussian Mixture Technique Based on Automated Association Features for Simulating and Detecting Web Application Attacks

Web application attacks constitute considerable security threats to computer networks and end users. Existing threat detection methods are mostly designed on signature-based approaches which cannot recognize zero-day vulnerabilities. Moreover, with the minimal availability of real-world web attack data, the effectiveness of such approaches is limited further. In this paper, we propose an architectural scheme for designing a threat intelligence technique for web attacks to address these challenges through a four-step methodology: 1) collecting web attack data by crawling websites and accumulating network traffic for representing this data as feature vectors; 2) dynamically extracting important features using the Association Rule Mining (ARM) algorithm; 3 ) using these extracted features to simulate web attack data; and 4) proposing a new Outlier Gaussian Mixture (OGM) technique for detecting known as well as zero-day attacks based on the anomaly detection methodology. The performance of the scheme is appraised using two well-known datasets, namely, the Web Attack and UNSW-NB15 datasets. The empirical evaluations demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms four other competing machine learning mechanisms in terms of detection rate and false alarm rates on both the original as well as simulated web data.
Numerical study of wedge-induced oblique detonations in unsteady flow

Oblique detonation waves (ODWs) have been studied widely to facilitate their employment in hypersonic propulsion, but the effects of continuous unsteady inflow have never been addressed so far. Thus, the present study investigates wedge-induced oblique detonations in unsteady flow via numerical simulations based on the reactive Euler equations with a two-step induction–reaction kinetic model. As a first step, the chemical and flow parameters are chosen for the simplest structure such that the ODW initiation occurs under a smooth transition with a curved shock. After a steady ODW with smooth initiation transition is established, the inflow is then subject to a continuous sinusoidal density/temperature disturbance. Cases with single-pulse inflow variation are also simulated to clarify whether the observed phenomena are derived solely from the continuous disturbance. Two aspects are analysed to investigate the features of ODWs in unsteady flow, namely, the formation of triple points on the surface, and the movement of the reactive front position. On the formation of triple points, the continuous disturbance generates at most one pair of triple points, less than or equal to the number of triple points in single-pulse cases. This indicates that the effects of continuous disturbance weaken the ability to generate the triple points, although there appear more triple points convected downstream on the surface at any given instant. On the movement of the reactive front, oscillatory behaviours are induced in either single-pulse or continuous disturbance cases. However, more complicated dynamic displacements and noticeable effects of unsteadiness are observed in the cases of continuous disturbance, and are found to be sensitive to the disturbance wavenumber, $N$ . Increasing $N$ results in three regimes with distinct behaviours, which are quasi-steady, overshooting oscillation and unstable ODW. For the quasi-steady case with low $N$ , the reactive front oscillates coherently with the inflow disturbance with slightly higher amplitude around the initiation region. The overshooting oscillation generates the most significant variation of downstream surface in the case of modest $N$ , reflecting a resonance-like behaviour of unsteady ODW. In the case of high $N$ , the disturbed ODW surface readjusts itself with local unstable features. It becomes more robust and the reactive front of the final unstable ODW structure is less susceptible to flow disturbance.
Using Electrons and Photons to Estimate Passive Material Before the ATLAS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The ATLAS detector is a large, general-purpose particle detector designed to observe high-energy particle collisions on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This study uses electrons and photons from Run 2 proton-proton collision data (2015 - 2016) to check for differences between real and simulated detector material in the region before the first layer of the electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter. The main probe is the ratio of energies deposited in the first and second layers of the EM calorimeter. The measured material differences are compared against results from similar studies performed using Run 1 data. Deviations between Run 1 and Run 2 results are observed, primarily in regions where detector hardware was upgraded before Run 2. The material differences are well accounted for by combining the existing Run 1 material systematic uncertainties with additional Run 2 uncertainties related to the new inner tracking layer (the IBL) and the modified PP0 service region.
Metodické postupy pro vytvoření a posuzování nově vytvořených KDP

Tato metodika je nedilnou soucasti Metodiky k zajistěni jednotneho postupu pro vypracovani klinických doporucených postupů (KDP) (diagnostických a terapeutických postupů založených na důkazech) akceptovaných na narodni urovni (Ministerstvem zdravotnictvi Ceske republiky). Zde předložený dilci metodický postup byl vypracovan jako cast celkove metodiky s cilem vytvořit pracovni material pro tvůrce KDP. Během tvorby pilotnich KDP lze předpokladat castecne změny ci korekce metodiky finalni verze metodiky projde finalnim recenzim řizenim.
Patchwise Mapping Method for Solving Elliptic Boundary Value Problems Containing Multiple Singularities

In the paper [1], the geometrical mapping techniques based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) were introduced to solve an elliptic boundary value problem containing a singularity. In the mapping techniques, the inverse function of the NURBS geometrical mapping generates singular functions as well as smooth functions by an unconventional choice of control points. It means that the push-forward of the NURBS geometrical mapping that generates singular functions, becomes a piecewise smooth function. However, the mapping method proposed is not able to catch singularities emerging at multiple locations in a domain. Thus, we design the geometrical mapping that generates singular functions for each singular zone in the physical domain. In the design of the geometrical mapping, we should consider the design of control points on the interface between/among patches so that global basis functions are in C0 space. Also, we modify the B-spline functions whose supports include the interface between/among them. We put the idea in practice by solving elliptic boundary value problems containing multiple singularities.
Influences of farmer group institution on agricultural land use change in ciwidey agropolitan area, bandung regency, west java

In the cycle of human development, as technology advances, human will progress to the more efficient economy. Thus, primary economic activities like agriculture would slowly reduce in number and shifted into secondary and tertiary activities. The Ciwidey Agropolitan Area is a region which currently being developed as an agriculture-focused economy which also undergoes an agricultural tourism development as its complement and new form of secondary and tertiary economic activities. The region had long serving agricultural activity and agricultural institutions with a form of farmer groups with various horticulture products since 1979. While the land use change here occurs from various conditions, the institutions which had a strong relation to land could affect the land use activities. Looking at its role both as an agropolitan center and agrotourism destination, it is interesting to understand how the farmer groups system in the region, tightly related to the land and how it might affect the agricultural land use. The research aims to understand how farmer groups affect agricultural land uses. By using a spatial-qualitative approach which rely on verbatim data, the study concluded that the farming group had a tendency to produce a resistance activities against land use change. As more effective systems and rules implemented in a farming group, its agricultural land vulnerability would also be lower. Thus, the agricultural land vulnerability pattern follows the condition and effectivity of related area’s farmer group.
Refocusing on Comprehension of Complex Text

The Common Core State Standards for English Lan- guage Arts have prompted enormous attention to issues of text complexity. The purpose of this article is to put textcomplexityinperspectivebymovingfromaprimary focus on the text itself to a focus on the comprehension of complex text. We argue that a focus on comprehen- sion is at the heart of the Common Core Standards for ELA and that characteristics of the text represent only oneofseveralfactorsthatinfluencecomprehension.Us- ing both theoretical and empirical sources, we highlight the relationship between texts and tasks. We propose a Text-Task Scenario framework in which the simultane- ous consideration of text and task results in a more nu- anced and more instructionally responsive estimate of the comprehension of complex text.
Testing General Relativity with the next generation of cosmological surveys

The late-time acceleration expansion of the Universe is conceptually considered the great burdensome issue in theoretical physics (cosmological problem) dubbed dark energy (DE) problem. In general relativity (GR) framework view point, there are two ways to explain where this acceleration might originate from; this riddle might either emerge from some unknown dark energy models or general relativity is a mistake on cosmological scale and dark energy is insubstantial. Innovative efforts have been carried out to comprehend the origin of the cosmic acceleration, involving surveys such as baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), Type Ia supernovae, weak gravitational lensing and the abundance of galaxy clusters. The next generation of cosmological surveys including LSST, DES, eBOSS, DESI, PFS, SKA and WFIRST; are aimed to provide percent-level or higher measurement of history of expansion and growth of structure over a volume which is sizable fraction of the whole observable Universe, these measurements provides strong constrains on DE. In this analysis, we investigate the Horndeski scalar-tensor theories and beyond which has been recently described in the generilized dark energy (DE) or scalar-tensor paradigm dubbed unified dark energy (UDE). This applies the 3+1 Arnowitt-DeserMisner (ADM) formalism where a general action in unitary gauge depends on the lapse function and geometrical scalar quantities. This approach is convenient since it generates a unified framework of modified theories based on UDE or effective field theory (EFT) of linear cosmological perturbations on Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background, this are generally characterized by five free time-dependent functions αi (αB,αH ,αK ,αM ,αT ) each describing different properties of unified dark energy physical outcome. The evolution equations for the given UDE which assimilates beyond-Horndeski paradigms appear to correspond to a non-conservative DE scenario, in which the total energy-momentum tensor is not conserved. Furthermore, we evaluate the large-scale imprint of this UDE, by probing the two-point correlation function or power spectrum of galaxy number counts and the magnification of galaxies, on horizon scales; making sure to include the full relativistic corrections in the observed overdensity and convergence. This yield new observables which gives
Cut & recombine: reuse of robot action components based on simple language instructions

Human beings can generalize from one action to similar ones. Robots cannot do this and progress concerning information transfer between robotic actions is slow. We have designed a system that performs action generalization for manipulation actions in different scenarios. It relies on an action representation for which we perform code-snippet replacement, combining information from different actions to form new ones. The system interprets human instructions via a parser using simplified language. It uses action and object names to index action data tables (ADTs), where execution-relevant information is stored. We have created an ADT database from three different sources (KUKA LWR, UR5, and simulation) and show how a new ADT is generated by cutting and recombining data from existing ADTs. To achieve this, a small set of action templates is used. After parsing a new instruction, index-based searching finds similar ADTs in the database. Then the action template of the new action is matched against the information in the similar ADTs. Code snippets are extracted and ranked according to matching quality. The new ADT is created by concatenating code snippets from best matches. For execution, only coordinate transforms are needed to account for the poses of the objects in the new scene. The system was evaluated, without additional error correction, using 45 unknown objects in 81 new action executions, with 80% success. We then extended the method including more detailed shape information, which further reduced errors. This demonstrates that cut & recombine is a viable approach for action generalization in service robotic applications.
An Expression Recognition Model Based on Channel and Spatial Attention Fusion

Expression recognition is an essential subfield in biometric recognition as well as a cutting-edge research area in computer vision. It has several uses in autonomous driving, human-computer interface, autism research, and other fields. This study offers an expression recognition model based on fusion attention that extracts expression features from the channel and spatial domains, respectively, then combines the two features. It is then trained on the FER2013 and ExpW datasets. Experiment findings suggest that the model may greatly enhance face emotion recognition accuracy.
Design of an axial flux machine for an in-wheel motor application

This master thesis deals with the design of an axial flux machine for an inwheel motor application. Four double-sided axial flux machine topologies are compared to select the most suitable one for designing a high torque density machine that fits into a predefined geometry (diameter: 260 mm, length: 72.5 mm). The yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology is chosen, due to its very compact structure. The design is made by using analytic and 3D finite element analysis alternately. The geometry of the electromagnetic circuit is optimized to find the maximum rated torque (≈80 Nm) for proposed values of magnetic flux and current densities (1.7 T and 7 A/mm). These densities are chosen with the intension of reaching a high utilization of both the copper and the iron in the machine, when their proportions are determined by the maximal product of electric and magnetic loading. When the geometry of the electromagnetic circuit is determined, it is held fixed. Possible different torque speed characteristics of the machine are then investigated, with respect to current and voltage limitations together with the turn selections of the windings. A final design is proposed and its theoretical characteristics are evaluated and presented. The power density, at 2400 rpm and 7 A/mm, is calculated to 5.3 W/cm. Furthermore, some suggestions for future work and modifications are made. Acknowledgements This master thesis started in late autumn 2010 at Volvo Technology and was continued at Chalmers University of Technology during the spring of 2011. I am very grateful to the experienced and helpful persons that I have met during this time and I express extra thanks to: Joachim Lindström, my supervisor, provided great support and guidance during the whole project. Sonja Lundmark, my examiner, for valuable advice and feedback regarding the report. Martin West, Volvo Technology, who shared clever ideas about electric machine design as well as a very positive attitude. Maddalena Cirani, Volvo Technology, for advice about axial flux machines. Johan Åström, Chalmers University of Technology, who generously shared his experience of FEA and electric machine modeling. Stefan Lundberg, Chalmers University of Technology, for time spent discussing and answering my questions about the machine modeling in the dq-coordinate system. Magnus Dahlström, Höganäs, for supply of data for SMC materials. Christian Du-Bar Göteborg, Sweden June, 2011
Corpus-based Automatic Generation of Multiple Choice Questions for College English Tests

At present multiple choice questions as a testing item are adopted widely in College English tests, and play a significant role in assessing students’ English proficiency. However, in practice the design of multiple choice questions is also difficult in many aspects, especially with regard to the selection of the question that serves as its stem and the choices that need to be both interfering and exclusive. This paper introduces a method that can generate the stem question automatically based on an English-Chinese parallel corpus in which sentences that meet the designated criteria input by test question makers are extracted on the condition of complex considerations, such as sentence length, word choice and syntactic structure. Although the multiple choice questions generated by our system still need human involvement for correction and consideration, our work will surely provide valuable assistance to teachers who are designing multiple choice questions so that their efficiency will be improved significantly.
Fault detection for discrete spatially interconnected systems with time-delay over finite frequency domains

This paper investigates the problem of fault detection observer design for discrete spatially interconnected time-delay systems (SITSs) in finite frequency range. Firstly, a delay-dependent generalised Kalman–Yakubivich–Popov (GKYP) lemma for SITSs is proposed. Then, by the giving GKYP lemma, a distributed fault detection observer design method can be derived by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ordering properties of the largest order statistics from Kumaraswamy-G models under random shocks

Abstract In this paper we compare the maximums of two independent and heterogeneous samples each following Kumaraswamy-G distribution with the same and the different parent distribution functions using the concept of matrix majorization. The comparisons are particularly carried out with respect to usual stochastic ordering when each sampling unit experiences a random shock. It is also shown that, under similar conditions no reversed hazard rate ordering exists between maximums.
The application of smart materials in tactile actuators for tactile information delivery

As the largest organ in human body, skin provides the important sensory channel for humans to receive external stimulations based on touch. By the information perceived through touch, people can feel and gain the properties of objects like weight, temperature, textures, and motion etc. In fact, those properties are nerve stimuli to our brain received by different kinds of receptors in the skin. Mechanical, electrical and thermal stimuli can stimulate these receptors and cause different information to be conveyed through the nerves. Technologies for actuators to provide mechanical, electrical or thermal stimuli have been developed. These include static or vibrational actuation, electrostatic stimulation, focused ultrasound and more. Smart materials such as piezoelectric materials, Carbon nanotubes, shape memory alloys play important roles in providing actuation for tactile sensation. This paper aims to review the background biological knowledge of human tactile sensing in order to give an understanding of how we sense and interact with the world through the sense of touch, as well as the conventional and state-of-the-art technologies of tactile actuators for tactile feedback delivery.
Fourier Based Patient Posititioning for Radiotherapy Treatment

Accurate patient positioning during each fraction of a radiotherapy treatment is crucial to ensure accurate treatment of the tumor while preserving surrounding healthy tissues. The precision of the treatment can be increased with portal imaging devices which provide real time digital images during treatment. Detecting discrepancies in the patient setup can be derived from a comparison of images obtained during the planning phase (reference images) and images taken during each fraction of the treatment (portal images). As the megavoltage images used in treatment have low contrast and resolution, limited contrast adaptive histogram equalization is used to enhance image quality. A Fourier-Mellin transform is used to recover the translation and rotation parameters of the portal images in comparison to a reference image. In previous works, this approach was tested by registering a reference image against a scaled and rotated version of itself. In this paper, we applied the method to two experimental data sets containing phantom images taken on a radiotheraputic simulator and linear accelerator (LINAC). The average error rates obtained for different rotation angles were 0.76 and 2.8 degrees on simulator and LINAC images, respectively. Translational errors were 1.07 and 1.57 pixels in the x and y direction for simulator images and 1.77 and 1.55 pixels on the x, and y axis for LINAC images.