Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated DNA Polymerase α, DNA Polymerase β, and DNA Topoisomerase II in a Melphalan-resistant Rhabdomyosarcoma Xenograft That Is Cross-Resistant to Nitrosoureas and Topotecan

Abstract Previous investigations have revealed that the human TE-671 MR human rhabdomyosarcoma renograft selected in vivo for melphalan resistance (M. C. Rosenberg, et al., Cancer Res., 49: 6917–6922, 1989) is cross-resistant to a wide variety of alkylating agents and to bleomycin, but is collaterally sensitive to etoposide. Although glutathione levels were noted to be elevated in TE-671 MR compared to the melphalan-sensitive parental TE-671 xenograft, treatment with buthionine sulfoximine to deplete glutathione levels did not fully restore melphalan sensitivity in the TE-671 MR xenograft. The present studies were undertaken to search for additional mechanisms of resistance in the TE-671 MR xenograft. Drug sensitivity testing performed at the dose of agents that was lethal to 10% of the animals revealed that the TE-671 MR xenograft maintained resistance to the bifunctional cross-linking agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and was cross-resistant to the topoisomerase I poison topotecan. Treatment with buthionine sulfoximine did not sensitize the TE-671 MR xenograft to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Further, even though O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase levels were high in both the TE-671 and TE-671 MR xenografts, depletion of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity by treatment with O6-benzylguanine substantially sensitized the TE-671 xenografts but not the TE-671 MR xenografts, suggesting an additional mechanism of resistance. Measurement of additional enzyme activities that might be involved in DNA repair revealed significant elevations in DNA polymerase α (46 ± 8 (SD) units/mg protein in TE-671, 69 ± 6 units/mg protein in TE-671 MR, P
"De la Rey, De la Rey, sal jy die Boere kom lei?"

Meer as 'n dekade na die demokratiese verkiesing in 1994 is die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing steeds baie labiel, en ervaar veral baie wit Afrikaners 'n diepgaande identiteitskrisis. Hierdie krisis gaan gepaard met die soeke na 'n "nuwe" identiteit. Ten einde hierdie vraagstuk vanuit 'n musikologiese perspektief te ontleed, word twee modelle in hierdie artikel teenoor mekaar geplaas. Aan die een kant is daar Vladimir Karbusicky (1975) se strukturalistiese raamwerk wat spesifiek gerig is op die analise van musikale tekste. Hierdie model dien om 'n aantal liedjies te bestudeer waarin die tema van "die boer" 'n prominente rol speel as konfigurasie van spesifieke tipes van Afrikaner-identiteit. Die model bemiddel egter slegs die bestudering van wat beskryf sou kon word as "politisistiese" norme - en om hierdie rede word Johann Visagie (1996) se ideologie-kritiese teorie, waarin ideologie as 'n negatiewe verskynsel benader word, aanvullend ter sprake gebring. Ideologies-kritiese analise van die oorvloedige polemiese literatuur rondom "De la Rey" toon dat die liedjie beskou kan word as 'n ideologies eensydige uitbeelding van Afrikaner-identiteit. Die liedjie, asook die bygaande musiekvideo, skets 'n baie spesifieke periode van die Afrikanergeskiedenis deur te fokus op die Anglo-Boereoorlog : die Afrikaner se sogenaamde "era van onskuld". Binne die konteks van 'n tipe Neo-Afrikaner-Protesbeweging kan hierdie uitbeeldings verdraai word om as hipernormatiewe sienings van Afrikanerskap te dien. "De la Rey, De la Rey, will you come and lead the Boers? " More than a decade after the democratic elections in 1994, South African society is still very unstable, and especially many white Afrikaners are experiencing a profound identity crisis. This crisis goes hand in hand with the search for a "new" identity. In order to analyse this problem from a musicological perspective, two models are juxtaposed in this article. On the one hand is Vladimir Karbusicky's (1975) structuralist framework, which is specifically aimed at the analysis of musical texts. This model is used to study a number of songs in which the theme of the "Boer" plays a prominent role as configuration of specific types of Afrikaner identity. The model does, however, mediate only the study of what could be described as "politicistic" norms - and for this reason Johann Visagie's (1996) ideology-critical theory, in which ideology is approached as a negative phenomenon, is also touched on. An ideology-critical analysis of the abundant polemic literature around "De la Rey" indicates that the song can be regarded as an ideologically one-sided representation of Afrikaner identity. The song, as well as the accompanying music video, sketches a very specific period of Afrikaner history by focusing on the Anglo-Boer War : the Afrikaner's so-called "era of innocence". Within the context of a type of Neo-Afrikaner Protest Movement these representations can be twisted to serve as hypernormative views of Afrikaner character.
Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbrial Antigen Fusion Protein Production in Transgenic Potato

Porphyromonas gingivalis, the gram-negative anaerobic oral bacterium, initiates periodontal disease by binding to saliva-coated oral surface. The cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) genetically linked to FimA1 (1-200 aa) or FimA2 (201-337 aa) of the P. gingivalis fimbrial antigen were introduced into Solanum tuberosum cells by Agro- bacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. The integration of CTB-FimA1 or CTB-FimA2 fusion genes were confirmed in the chromosome of transformed leaves by genomic DNA PCR amplification method. Synthesis and assembly of the CTB-FimA fusion proteins into oligomeric structures with pentamer size was detected in transformed tuber extracts by immunoblot analysis. The binding activities of CTB-FimA fusion proteins to intestinal epithelial cell membrane receptors were confirmed by GM1-ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA). The ELISA showed that the expression levels of the CTB-FimA1 or CTB-FimA2 fusion proteins were 0.0019, 0.002% of the total soluble protein in transgenic tuber tissues, respectively. The synthesis of CTB-FimA monomers and their assembly into biologically active oligomers in transformed potato tuber tissues demonstrates the feasibility of using edible plants for the production of enterocyte targeted fimbrial antigens that could elicit mucosal immune responses.
A METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT DNA FROM THE MACROALGA PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS (RHODOPHYTA) 1, 2

We developed a method for extraction of DNA from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. The method consists of three preparation steps that include CsCl‐gradient ultracentrifugation, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide treatment, and a final RNase step. The amount of DNA extracted from 1.5 g of starting material averaged 17.7 μg. The resulting DNA had a high molecular weight, was 25‐166 kb in length, was digested with five common restriction enzymes, and showed no nuclease activity. It was of sufficient quality for construction of genomic libraries.
Whataroa virus four decades on: emerging, persisting, or fading out?

Abstract Whataroa virus, first detected in 1962 in bird populations around Whataroa township, is the only mosquito-borne virus circulating in New Zealand that has been isolated. Even though at least one other mosquito-borne pathogen (avian malaria) has greatly increased in prevalence in New Zealand in recent decades, no surveillance for Whataroa virus in its vertebrate hosts has been carried out for four decades. This is of concern since Whataroa virus may infect humans, possibly causing influenza-like symptoms. Here we reassess the status of Whataroa virus in the same bird species in the same area where it was detected previously. Molecular diagnostics identified Whataroa virus in three out of 95 non-native birds screened: two out of eight song thrushes Turdus philomelos, and one out of nine blackbirds Turdus merula. The detection of virus in birds, in contrast with recent screening of mosquitoes, highlights how wildlife surveillance for pathogens can be far more effective than vector surveillance. Results of this survey indicate the virus has not increased substantially in prevalence since last monitored, possibly because of little change in the local mosquito vector community. Finally, virus detection in the two Turdus species alone supports earlier claims that these non-native hosts act as reservoirs that maintain the virus, sourcing spillover infections in other native and non-native species. A similar role for the blackbird in avian malaria epidemiology in New Zealand has also recently been hypothesized.
Co-existence in a species-rich grassland: competition, facilitation and niche structure over a soil depth gradient

Question Niche differentiation may promote species co-existence because it precludes competitive exclusion. However, in stressful environments, facilitation may predominate, and large niche overlaps may result from niche widening and positive spatial associations. We analysed the niche structure of a species-rich system over a soil depth gradient (a niche axis positively correlated with water availability) and tested for various patterns expected from competition or facilitation. Location Semi-arid grassland, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods We recorded species abundance and soil depth in 1200 0.1 × 0.1 m quadrats from four sites. Community structure was described through correspondence analysis and correlated with soil depth. We measured niche breadth (Levine's index), position (mean depth) and overlap (Hurlbert's index). We used a null model to estimate the expected overlap if interactions play no role in determining community structure. We tested whether overlap changed along the depth gradient. We also analysed if niches become narrow with higher competition. Results Data supported three predictions derived from competition: most species’ niches were relatively narrow and differed in their position along the gradient, a pattern reflected in a changing community structure; realized niches became narrower where competition was stronger; and niche overlap was smaller than expected by chance. Facilitation had no support: large niche overlaps expected from stress amelioration were as frequent as predicted by chance. Overlap increased in the most stressful (shallow) soils, as expected if facilitation predominates there, but also in the deepest ones where evidence for competition was strong, suggesting an artifact at the extremes of the gradient. Conclusions In this grassland, competition seems to restrict species distribution, abating richness in the deepest soils and relegating poor competitors (succulent and poikilohydric species) to the shallow soils. There, drought tolerance rather than facilitation determined community composition and richness. Our results support the idea that hydrological niches play an important role in maintaining plant diversity because (1) differentiation in hydrological requirements (small niche overlaps over the water-use axis) reduces competition, and (2) spatial heterogeneity and stress create competition-free patches. Our results also support the hypothesis that facilitation is rare when stress is caused by resource (in this case, water) scarcity.
Studies on the gene for the multivalent vitamin B12 receptor of Escherichia coli

The Escherichia coli btuB cistron was identified in a λL47 gene bank constructed using chromosomal DNA from strain W3110. The product encoded by a multicopy recombinant plasmid was observed in the outer membrane, its presence leading to reduction in the amounts of 3 major outer membrane proteins. Analysis of the plasmid-borne gene indicated that removal of the carboxy-terminal region affected receptor function, without apparently preventing export to the outer membrane. Vitamin B12-dependent regulation of btuB expression was demonstrated, despite the gene being on a high copy number plasmid.
The Mode of Gregarine Infection in Zygoptera (Odonata)

Åbro, A. (Institute of Anatomy, University of Bergen, N‐5000 Bergen, Norway). The mode of gregarine infection in Zygoptera (Odonata). Zool. Scr. 5 (6): 265–275, 1976. —The eugregarine Hoplorhynchus oligacanthus (Sieb.) is an intestinal parasite in imagines of the zygopterans Pyrrho‐soma nymphula (Sulz.) and Enallagma cyathigerum (Charp.). Gameto‐cysts, resulting from the union of a presumed male and a female gregarine gamont, leave the host with the faeces which drop to the woodland floor. Gametogony, zygote formation, and subsequent sporogony take place within the extrahost gametocysts. Infective sporozoites become enclosed in oocysts furnished with a highly resistent shell. When fully formed, the oocysts are released by simple rupture of the gametocyst envelopes. The oocysts, which probably disperse in the habitat by means of rain‐water, appear to enter a cryptobiotic state. Enzymic tests implied that liberation of sporozoites occurred more readily if oocysts were submitted to repeated freezing and thawing. Zygopterans consume lots of small insects; about three‐quarters of zygopteran food was found to consist of Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae. Examination of various small insects available as prey for zygopterans revealed imagines of medium‐sized Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae as vectors of Hoplorhynchus oocysts, which were found suspended on their tarsal bristles. An infective oocyst appears to contain 8 sporozoites. When introduced into a host, each of the sporozoites released from the oocyst will eventually develop into a gamont. Only one in a hundred chironomids and ceratopogonids was found to carry oocysts; none the less, this is considered sufficient to cause a high infection of the entire zygopteran populations. The occasional large number of non‐infective oocysts without sporozoites indicates that sporogony and formation of an oocyst capsule are independent events.
Hydrogeomorphic and Compositional Variation Among Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Wetlands in Southeastern Massachusetts

Abstract Sixteen Acer rubrum (red maple)-dominated wetlands in three hydrogeomorphic settings (depressional, riverine, seepage slope) were sampled in southeastern Massachusetts. Quantitative data of vegetation from five strata were compared with soil-chemistry measurements using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to determine if hydrogeomorphic (HGM) setting was related to species composition. Although all sampled wetlands were dominated or co-dominated by red maple, DCA-differentiated stands according to HGM setting, i.e., riverine flood-plain wetlands separated from depressional (kettle) wetlands and slope wetlands on the DCA ordination. Further, species richness was lowest in depressional wetlands and highest in riverine wetlands, reflecting differences in soil chemistry and soil type, ultimately determined by hydrogeomorphic setting. Depressional swamps overwhelmingly dominated by red maple and those with Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic white cedar [AWC]) were very similar in understory composition, soil chemistry and type, and ordination position, suggesting that many of the red maple depressions were probably once AWC swamps. Post-colonial forest-management practices such as repeated cutting of stands, fire suppression, draining for conversion to cranberry bog, and subsequent abandonment have degraded and fragmented AWC swamps throughout southeastern Massachusetts and extensively reduced their areal extent. However, recent abandonments of cranberry bogs have provided opportunities for restoring AWC wetlands to a portion of their original habitat.
Relationship between the Full-Range Leadership and Insurance Salesperson's Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this paper is to use the Full-Range Leadership Theory to study the insurance salespersons' job satisfaction level. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed and collected from 303 insurance salespersons from four major insurance organizations in Malaysia (response rate of 86.57 percent). The Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis was applied to test the theoretical model and the relationship between the Full-Range Leadership Theory and insurance salespersons' job satisfaction. The results revealed a significantly positive relationship between the job satisfaction with some of the perceived transformational leadership and transactional leadership factors.
Winter and summer vertical distribution of epipelagic copepods in the Gulf of California

Summary The ﬁnding that most copepod species in the central andnorthern Gulf of California do not exhibit DVM (con-centrating in the upper 75 m) is relevant in a regionaltropho-dynamics perspective as it results in similar day–night copepod availability for their epipelagic planktivor-ous predators. The absence of copepod DVM, but notother planktonic organisms, such as euphausiids, seemsto be regulated by the combination of vertical and sea-sonal environmental conditions. Copepod distributionand abundance was positively associated with tempera-ture, depth of the thermocline, chl-a, zooplanktonbiomass and concentration of dissolved oxygen. Largeconnectivity rates are known to exist along the easternside of the Gulf and relatively high rates of retentionalong the western side (Marinone, 2012; Soria et al.,2012), causing a coast-ocean-coast ecosystem that con-trasts with cross-shelf-oceanic conditions that prevail incoastal upwelling regions (Peterson et al., 1979; Peterson,1998). All factors combined seem to favor copepodspecies that live under mesotrophic conditions in theupper 50 m and are transported across poor and richtrophic habitats in relativelyshort periods within their lifespan, as suggested by recent three-dimensional models ofparticulates tracked in surface waters. Although most ofthe copepod assemblage is of tropical zoogeographic af-ﬁnity, we found shifts in winter–summer relative abun-dance (! 19% of all species) in dominant species havingdifferent body sizes. However, seasonal changes incopepod assemblages do not seem to signiﬁcantly modifythe day–night copepod biomass stock for predators inthe epipelagic ecosystem of the Gulf. It is important tostudychanges in sizewithin the zooplankton assemblagesto measure biomass and vital rates (molt, growth and re-production) of at least the numerically-dominant speciesto estimate secondary production to conceptually scalethe actual productivity of the Gulf of California(Go´mez-Gutie´rrez et al., 2012; Palomares-Garci´a et al.,2013). Until this study, there were no data on which tobase such an approach in this species-diverse and eu-trophic ecosystem.
Human resource management : a critical approach

1. Introduction (David G. Collings and Geoffrey Wood) Section 1: The Context of HRM 2. HRM in Changing Organizational Contexts (Phil Johnson) 3. Strategic HRM: A Critical Review (Jaap Paauwe and Corine Boon) 4. HRM and Organizational Performance (Stephen Wood) 5. HRM: An Ethical Perspective (Mick Fryer) 6. Organizational Outsourcing and the Implications for HRM (Richard Haines) 7. The Socio-Cultural Aspects of Knowledge Management and the Links to HRM: A Critical Perspective (Donald Hislop) 8. HRM in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) (Tony Dundon and Adrian Wilkinson) Section 2: The Practice of HRM 9. Recruitment and Selection (Rosalind Searle) 10. HR Planning: Institutions, Strategy, Tools and Techniques (Zsuzsa Kispal-Vitai and Geoffrey Wood) 11. Performance Management (Anthony McDonnell and Patrick Gunnigle) 12. Reward Management (Suzanne Richbell and Geoffrey Wood) 13. Human Resource Development (Irena Grugulis) 14. Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management (Gilton Klerck) Section 3: The International Context of HRM 15. Human Resource Management in Emerging Markets (Frank M. Horwitz and Kamel Mellahi) 16. Comparative HRM: The Debates and the Evidence (Chris Brewster and Wolfgang Mayrhofer) 17. International Human Resource Management (David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Deirdre Curran)
Body-size distribution and biogeographical patterns in non-marine ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

The idea that free-living minute organisms have ubiquitous distributions has been recently revitalized, causing significant controversy. The ubiquitous model predicts that a threshold where ubiquity leaves room to biogeography might exist somewhere along the animal body-size range. In the present study, such a prediction is tested by analysing body-size frequency distribution, species distribution, and local-to-global species ratio at the scale of biogeographical realms in cypridoidean non-marine ostracods, a group with a body-size range in the ubiquity–biogeography (U-B) boundary. Data were gathered for all described extant cypridoidean ostracod species (N = 1761), with body-size recorded for 1134 of them. Although local-to-global species ratios show significant over-dispersal of small-body ostracods for the Palaearctic and the Australasian regions, there are explanations alternative to the ‘Everything is Everywhere’ model that can account for such a result. Indicators of taxonomic structure do not support the hypothesis of a random distribution of cypridoidean species among realms. Nevertheless, the strong biogeography signal occurring at a large scale vanishes at the local scale (country-level within the Palaearctic), and suggests wide dispersion within biogeographical realms. Additional factors, including inconsistent taxonomic criteria for species recognition, uneven sampling effort, and an excess of ‘single-report’ occurrences, have been identified too as potential distorters of the observed patterns. Taxonomic harmonization, open databases of biogeographical data, and better ecological information are suggested as critical goals that need to be achieved for further understanding of ostracod global distribution patterns. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 109, 409–423.
Alfalfa physiological response to potato leafhopper injury depends on leafhopper and alfalfa developmental stage

We examined the effects of potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) developmental stage and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) developmental stage on the physiological response of the plant to injury. We used radioactive carbon dioxide to label the photoassimilate stream and evaluate the phloem health of alfalfa. In one experiment, six first instar, four fourth instar, and three adult leafhoppers were caged by stage on single alfalfa stems for approximately one day. Only fourth instar nymphs significantly reduced the amount of label transported to injured tissues above the source of the labeled assimilate. First instar nymphs had no effect and adults reduced assimilate transport to stem tips, but this trend was not significant possibly because of confounding variables. However, injury by both first instar nymphs and adults resulted in greater concentration of labeled assimilate in portions of the stem below the feeding site. In another experiment, the developmental stage of alfalfa stems was central to the physiological response of alfalfa to leafhopper injury. A 20 h exposure to three adult leafhoppers significantly reduced the amount of label translocated to the tip and crown tissues of early vegetative plants, and to the crown tissue only of late vegetative plants. In reproductive plants, assimilate translocation was not affected by leafhopper injury. In a final experiment, we found no evidence of an effect on the photosynthesis of leaves of similar age and position to those used as source leaves in our translocation studies. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the physiological response of plants to injury by sap‐feeding insects, and suggest the need for greater refinement of economic injury levels based on leafhopper and plant developmental stage.