Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Neonatal Brain

textabstractAlthough in the last decades advances in fetal and neonatal medicine have reduced mortality in neonatal intensive care units in the Western world, the morbidity due to brain injury remains high. Patterns of neonatal brain injury can be roughly divided in (1) term and (2) preterm patterns. Table 1 shows the number of infants admitted to the NICU in the Sophia Children’s Hospital between March 2008 and March 2010 with a typical ‘neurological’ diagnosis. The table highlights differences in diagnoses between preterm and term infants in relation to gender. In preterm infants the most common diagnoses are: persistent flaring (hypersignal intensity seen in periventricluar white matter using cranial ultrasound), intraventricular haemorrhage and venous infarction. In term infants perinatal asphyxia and perinatal stroke are most often reported.
Prevalencia de obesidad en adultos mexicanos, 2000-2012

Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad (SyO) en adultos mexicanos mayores de 20 anos, asi como detallar su tendencia en las ultimas tres encuestas. Material y metodos. Se considero una muestra de 38 208 adultos con antropometria. La clasificacion para categorizar indice de masa corporal (IMC) fue la de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para obesidad abdominal, se utilizo la clasificacion de la Federacion Internacional de Diabetes (IDF). Resultados. La prevalencia de SyO fue 71.3% (sobrepeso 38.8% y obesidad 32.4%). La prevalencia de obesidad abdominal fue 74.0%, siendo mayor en mujeres (82.8%) que en hombres (64.5%). En los ultimos 12 anos se ha observado un incremento promedio anualizado de 1.3%, siendo este mayor en el periodo 2000-2006 (1%) que en el periodo 20062012 (0.3%). Conclusion. Si bien las tendencias muestran una desaceleracion del aumento en la prevalencia, no existe evidencia que permita inferir que disminuira en los proximos anos. Por ello, las politicas publicas para su prevencion y control deberan intensificarse y mejorarse.
Quantifying a nonnotifiable disease in the United States: the National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Registry model.

Public health surveillance is an essential tool for assessing, controlling, and preventing disease. In the United States, public health surveillance has evolved from a focus on monitoring infectious diseases to also tracking injuries, chronic diseases, birth defects, environmental and occupational exposures, and risk factors.1 Despite this evolution of surveillance topics, many conditions still are not notifiable to federal public health officials nor are there surveillance systems in place to capture such conditions. The lack of morbidity data for nonnotifiable conditions makes it difficult to access accurately the populations at greatest risk and the true economic and societal burden of such diseases. New approaches are needed to more accurately quantify nonnotifiable conditions of interest in the United States, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Physical activity and pain among patients with rheumatoid arthritis – A cognitive approach

The objective of this study was to describe relationships between physical activity and beliefs about pain, beliefs about fear-avoidance and health locus of control (HLoC), and to describe relations between pain and the same three variables. Ninety-five patients were investigated using the Physical Activity Index; pain intensity on a VAS; the Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (PAIRS); the modified Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (mFABQ); and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, form C (MHLC-C). Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR). Low levels of physical activity, moderate pain intensity, relatively strong beliefs in relations between pain and functioning, moderate fear-avoidance of physical activity, and attribution of HLoC mainly to health professionals were found. Self-reported physical activity was not significantly related to the outcome of PAIRS, mFABQ or MHLC-C. The odds for high-intensity pain was sevenfold (OR=7.09) with high PAIRS scores compared to low and threefold (OR=3.26) with high mFABQ scores compared to low. Our results suggest that pain in rheumatoid arthritis is related to strong beliefs in a relationship between pain and functioning and to high fear-avoidance beliefs, while physical activity does not seem to be related to those factors. HLoC is related to neither pain nor physical activity.
The natural history of benign thyroid nodules.

IMPORTANCE Detection of asymptomatic thyroid nodules has increased. Consensus is lacking regarding the optimal follow-up of cytologically proven benign lesions and sonographically nonsuspicious nodules. Current guidelines recommend serial ultrasound examinations and reassessment of cytology if significant growth is observed. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, magnitude, and factors associated with changes in thyroid nodule size. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective, multicenter, observational study involving 992 consecutive patients with 1 to 4 asymptomatic, sonographically or cytologically benign thyroid nodules. Patients were recruited from 8 hospital-based thyroid-disease referral centers in Italy between 2006 and 2008. Data collected during the first 5 years of follow-up, through January 2013, were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Baseline nodule growth (primary end point) was assessed with yearly thyroid ultrasound examinations. Size changes were considered significant for growth if an increase of 20% or more was recorded in at least 2 nodule diameters, with a minimum increase of 2 mm. Baseline factors associated with growth were identified. Secondary end points were the sonographic detection of new nodules and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer during follow-up. RESULTS Nodule growth occurred in 153 patients (15.4% [95% CI, 14.3%-16.5%]). One hundred seventy-four of the 1567 original nodules (11.1% [95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%]) increased in size, with a mean 5-year largest diameter increase of 4.9 mm (95% CI, 4.2-5.5 mm), from 13.2 mm (95% CI, 12.1-14.2 mm) to 18.1 mm (95% CI, 16.7-19.4 mm). Nodule growth was associated with presence of multiple nodules (OR, 2.2 [95% CI 1.4-3.4] for 2 nodules; OR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.8-5.6 for 3 nodules; and OR, 8.9 [95% CI, 4.4-18.0] for 4 nodules), main nodule volumes larger than 0.2 mL (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.7-4.9] for volumes >0.2 to <1 mL and OR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.8-5.1] for volumes ≥1 mL), and male sex (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1-2.6]), whereas an age of 60 years or older was associated with a lower risk of growth than age younger than 45 years (OR, 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.9]). In 184 individuals (18.5% [95% CI, 16.4%-20.9%]), nodules shrank spontaneously. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 5 original nodules (0.3% [95% CI, 0.0%-0.6%]). Only 2 had grown. An incidental cancer was found at thyroidectomy in a nonvisualized nodule. New nodules developed in 93 patients (9.3% [95% CI, 7.5%-11.1%]), with detection of one cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with asymptomatic, sonographically or cytologically benign thyroid nodules, the majority of nodules exhibited no significant size increase during 5 years of follow-up and thyroid cancer was rare. These findings support consideration of revision of current guideline recommendations for follow-up of asymptomatic thyroid nodules.
Renal transplantation surgery

No consensus exists about which ureterovesical anastomosis technique to use for kidney transplantation. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the existing techniques in relation to the risk of urological complications. All studies that compared ureterovesical anastomotic techniques in kidney transplantation were included. Study endpoints were urinary leakage, ureteral stricture, vesicoureteral reflux and hematuria. Subanalyses of stented and nonstented techniques were performed. Two randomized clinical trials and 24 observational studies were included. Meta-analyses were performed on the Lich-Gregoir (LG) versus Politano-Leadbetter (PL) techniques and LG versus U-stitch (U) techniques. Compared with the PL technique, the LG technique had a significantly lower prevalence of urinary leakage (risk ratio (RR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.75) and a significantly lower prevalence of hematuria when compared with both PL and U techniques (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.49 and RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.50, respectively), regardless of ureteral stenting. There was no difference in the prevalence of ureteral strictures or vesicoureteral reflux between the various techniques. Of the three most frequently used ureterovesical anastomotic techniques, the LG technique results in fewer urological complications than the PL and U techniques. Transplant
Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias: a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and ESC Council on Hypertension, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiologí

Hypertension is a common cardiovascular risk factor leading to heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and chronic renal insufficiency. Hypertensive heart disease can manifest as many cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly being atrial fibrillation (AF). Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias may occur in hypertensive patients, especially in those with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or HF. Also, some of the antihypertensive drugs commonly used to reduce blood pressure, such as thiazide diuretics, may result in electrolyte abnormalities (e.g. hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia), further contributing to arrhythmias, whereas effective control of blood pressure may prevent the development of the arrhythmias such as AF. In recognizing this close relationship between hypertension and arrhythmias, the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Council on Hypertension convened a Task Force, with representation from the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología (SOLEACE), with the remit to comprehensively review the available evidence to publish a joint consensus document on hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias, and to provide up-to-date consensus recommendations for use in clinical practice. The ultimate judgment regarding care of a particular patient must be made by the healthcare provider and the patient in light of all of the circumstances presented by that patient.
Le diabète maternel influence la morphogenèse rénale et la programmation périnatale

Maternal diabetes is a major risk factor for congenital malformations. When the fetus is exposed to high, sustained, ambient glucose levels, widespread fetal damage may affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, evoking diabetic embryopathy syndrome. Renal malformations account for up to 40% of childhood renal failure cases. Hyperglycemia constitutes an adverse in utero environment that dynamically impairs nephrogenesis, resulting in renal agenesis, dysplasia, aplasia or hypoplasia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which high, ambient glucose levels lead to renal dysmorphogenesis and birth defects have not yet been delineated. Maternal diabetes also programs the offspring to develop other problems later in life, such as hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes. This phenomenon, called ‘perinatal programming’, has attracted worldwide attention in recent decades, yet the mechanisms by which it occurs are incompletely understood. My PhD studies are designed to elucidate the underlying molecular pathways by which maternal diabetes or hyperglycemic environments in utero impair nephrogenesis and subsequently make the offspring develop perinatal programming of hypertension in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. We employed mouse embryonic metanephric mesenchyme cells, namely MK4 cells, for our in vitro experiments, and 2 transgenic (Tg) mouse lines, Hoxb7-GFP-Tg and Nephrin-CFP-Tg mice, for ex vivo and in vivo investigations. Hoxb7-GFP-Tg mice specifically express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in ureteric buds (UB), driven by the Hoxb7 promoter. Nephrin-CFP-Tg mice express cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) in glomeruli, driven by the podocyte-specific nephrin promoter. In our in vitro studies, we examined whether high glucose alters Pax2 gene expresson in MK4 cells. The cells were treated with either 5 mM D-glucose plus 20 mM D-mannitol or 25 mM D-glucose media with or without reactive oxygen species (ROS) blockers (DPI, rotenone), and inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (SB203580), p44/22 MAPK (PD98059), protein kinase C (PKC) (GF109203X), or nuclear factor kappa B (NK-kB) (PDTC) for 24-hr incubation. Our data showed that high D-glucose (25 mM) increased ROS generation and specifically induced Pax2 gene expression, but not other glucose analogs such as D-mannitol, L-glucose or 2-deoxy-D-glucose in MK4 cells. The stimulatory effect of high D-glucose on Pax2 gene expression could be blocked by ROS and NF-kB inhibitors in
Effects of reminiscence group in elderly people with Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia in a community setting

This study reports the effects of a reminiscence group program on elderly people with two major types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, in a randomized controlled clinical trial with a 6‐month follow up. The subjects were 24 participants with Alzheimer's disease and 36 with vascular dementia, and were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group followed a reminiscence group program in a geriatric health facility for 8 weeks; the control group followed a routine daycare program. The primary outcome was level of daily life activities (i.e. self‐care, disorientation, depression, irritability and withdrawal) measured by the Multi‐dimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects. The second outcome was level of cognitive function measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination. For participants with Alzheimer's disease, the intervention group exhibited significant improvement of withdrawal compared with the control group immediately after intervention (P < 0.05). For participants with vascular dementia, the intervention group exhibited significant improvement of withdrawal and cognitive function compared with the control group immediately after intervention (withdrawal, P < 0.05; cognitive function, P < 0.05) and after 6‐month follow up (withdrawal, P < 0.05; cognitive function, P < 0.05). The reminiscence group program is an effective means of enhancing the remaining capacity and the adaptation to a daily life in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. However, it is also suggested that sustained intervention may be necessary to maintain the effect over time, especially in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease.
Effect of sedative premedication on patient experience after general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Sedative premedication is widely administered before surgery, but little clinical evidence supports its use. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of sedative premedication on perioperative patient experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial, the PremedX study, enrolled 1062 adult patients who were younger than 70 years and had been scheduled for various elective surgeries under general anesthesia at 5 French teaching hospitals (in Marseille, Montpellier, Nimes, and Nice) between January 2013 and June 2014. Neurosurgery, obstetrical, cardiac, and outpatient surgery were excluded. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to 3 groups of 354 participants each to receive 2.5 mg of lorazepam, no premedication, or placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was perioperative patient experience assessed 24 hours after surgery with a validated questionnaire (Evaluation du Vécu de l'Anesthésie Generale; EVAN-G) describing 6 domains of satisfaction and a global index (score range, 0-100; high scores represent high satisfaction); secondary outcomes included time to extubation and early cognitive recovery. A subgroup analysis was planned a priori in patients with a high level of preoperative anxiety. RESULTS Premedication with lorazepam did not improve the EVAN-G mean global index for overall level of patient satisfaction (72 [95% CI, 70-73]; n = 330) compared with no premedication (73 [95% CI, 71-74]; n = 319) or placebo (71 [95% CI, 70-73]; n = 322) (P = .38). Among patients with heightened preoperative anxiety, there were no significant differences found in the EVAN-G mean global index between the lorazepam group (68 [95% CI, 65-72]; n = 87) and the no premedication group (73 [95% CI, 69-77]; n = 57) or the placebo group (70 [95% CI, 67-72]; n = 87) (P = .18). Time to extubation was 17 minutes (95% CI, 14-20 minutes) in the lorazepam group, 12 minutes (95% CI, 11-13 minutes) for the no premedication group, and 13 minutes (95% CI, 12-14 minutes) for the placebo group (P < .001) and the rate of early cognitive recovery was 51% (95% CI, 45%-56%), 71% (95% CI, 66%-76%), and 64% (95% CI, 59%-69%), respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, sedative premedication with lorazepam compared with placebo or no premedication did not improve the self-reported patient experience the day after surgery, but was associated with modestly prolonged time to extubation and a lower rate of early cognitive recovery. The findings suggest a lack of benefit with routine use of lorazepam as sedative premedication in patients undergoing general anesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01901003.
Navigating through apertures: perceptual judgements and actions of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Abstract Passing through a narrow gap/aperture involves a perceptual judgement regarding the size of the gap and an action to pass through. Children with DCD are known to have difficulties with perceptual judgements in near space but whether this extends to far space is unknown. Furthermore, in a recent study it was found that adults with DCD do not scale movements when walking through an aperture in the same way as their peers. The current study, therefore, considered perceptual judgements and motor behaviour of children with DCD while looking at or walking through apertures. Twenty‐nine children with DCD and 29 typically developing (TD) children took part. In Experiment 1, participants completed a perceptual task, where they made passability judgements. Children with DCD showed a significantly smaller critical ratio (aperture size at which a participant first rotates the shoulders to pass through) compared to their TD peers. In Experiment 2, participants completed an action task where they walked through the same apertures. Children with DCD showed a significantly larger critical ratio than TD peers when body size alone was accounted for. Taken together these results suggest that perception within a static context is different from that within a dynamic context for children with DCD. However, despite this difference we have demonstrated a clear relationship between perception and action in children with DCD. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/SABXFrAJtF8
Preferences, quality of life and public health.

According to the PubMed data base, the first review which mentioned ‘quality of life’ (QoL) in its title appeared >30 years ago. Entries of this term currently exceed 100 000. The rise of QoL research has probably been supported by factors, such as increasing prevalence of chronic conditions, increasing life expectancy in older age and a focus on nonsurvival benefits of medical technology. QoL stands for a multidimensional, subjective perception of health by the individual. It is typically measured as a profile, surveying items across dimensions of physical, psychological and social well being, functional health and further aspects such as the existence of pain. QoL captures key components of population health, and QoL profiles are therefore also being studied in public health research. Yet, there are issues with this approach that need to be considered carefully. When comparing QoL between two populations, it may turn out that for one, QoL is better in some items but worse … Correspondence: Reiner Leidl, Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany, e-mail: leidl{at}helmholtz-muenchen.de
Effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine on locomotor sensitization to oxycodone in mice

Aim: Recent studies have shown that l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), an active component of Corydolis yanhusuo, can inhibit the development of the conditional place preference induced by opioid receptor agonists, but the effects of l-THP on locomotor sensitivity induced by opioid receptor agonists have not been documented. In the present study, the effects of l-THP on locomotor sensitization to oxycodone, which is an opioid receptor agonist, were studied. Methods: Mice treated daily for 7d with 5mg/kg oxycodone and challenged with the same dose after 5 days of washout showed locomotor sensitization. In order to study the effects of l-THP on locomotor sensitization induced by oxycodone, l-THP was administered at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 18.75mg/kg, 40min prior to treatment of oxycodone. Results: l-THP per se did not affect the locomotor activity at the doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 18.75mg/kg, but could antagonize the hyperactivity induced by oxycodone (5mg/kg). Co-administration of l-THP (18.75mg/kg), 40min prior to oxycodone, could inhibit the development of sensitization to oxycodone.In addition, l-THP (6.25, 12.5, and 18.75mg/kg, ig) dose-dependently prevented the expression of oxycodone sensitization. Conclusion: These results suggested that l-THP could attenuate the locomotor-stimulating effects of oxycodone and inhibit the development and expression of oxycodone behavioral sensitization.
Work and family demands: predictors of all-cause sickness absence in the GAZEL cohort.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the impact of combined work and family demands on all-cause sickness absence and to examine variation in this relationship by occupational grade and gender. METHODS The study sample consists of 13,179 employees of Electricité de France-Gaz de France (EDF-GDF) who were members of the GAZEL occupational cohort in 1995. Combined work and family demands are assessed based on measures of job strain and number of dependants assessed at baseline (1995). Covariates include occupational grade and demographic, behavioural and social variables assessed at baseline. Ratios of sickness absence days to total person-days contributed by each employee were established from administrative data between baseline and the end of follow-up in 2003. Rate ratios across levels of work-family demands were then calculated. Effect modification by gender and grade of employment was tested. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, individuals with the highest work-family demands had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.78 (95% CI 1.47-2.14) compared with low-demand workers. This association was independent of occupational grade and did not vary with gender. Results were not attributable solely to psychiatric sickness absences. CONCLUSION High work-family demands at baseline predict long-term all-cause sickness absence across a socio-economically diverse occupational cohort.