Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time Trends of the Outcomes and Treatment Options for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan

Introduction: Existing evidence on the mortality time trends of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is limited, and whether the mortality trend or quality of care of DIC patients has improved remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend in mortality, patient outcomes, and treatment preferences of several anticoagulants in Japan. Methods: This retrospective observational study used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database, which contains data from more than 1200 acute-care hospitals in Japan. We identified all adult patients that were diagnosed with DIC from July 2010 to March 2018 and sorted them into one of five predefined underlying conditions: sepsis, solid cancer, leukemia, trauma, or obstetric. The data collected as general outcomes were the 28-day mortality and major bleeding events. We also evaluated anticoagulant use for DIC treatment. Results: A total of 325,327 DIC patients were included in this study. Regarding the baseline characteristics, an increase in median age, worsened comorbid conditions, and higher illness severity were observed over time. The underlying conditions for DIC were largely unchanged. Over the study period, the 28-day mortality for overall DIC patients decreased from 41.8% (95% CI 41.2%-42.3%) to 36.1% (95% CI 35.6%-36.6%), which is a 14% decrease over the 8-year period (Ptrend < 0.001). The downward trend in mortality was more evident in patients with sepsis and leukemia (15% and 14% decreases, respectively), whereas no clinically meaningful change in mortality occurred in trauma and obstetrics patients. Over time, major bleeding events modestly increased, and the length of hospital stay decreased. The temporal trend in the treatment preferences of anticoagulants for DIC patients clearly changed over time. Conclusions: The overall 28-day mortality for DIC patients clearly decreased from 2010 to 2017. The downward trend in mortality might have resulted from the advances made in the fundamental treatment of underlying diseases and from the changes in anti-DIC strategies.
To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic

Abstract The number of described species of the genus Terebellides Sars, 1835 (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) has greatly increased in the last years, particularly in the North East Atlantic. In this context, this paper deals with several putative species recently delineated by molecular means within a well delimited clade of Terebellides. Species are characterised here by a combination of morphological characters, and a complementary nucleotide diagnostic approach. Three species were identified as the nominal species T. stroemii Sars, 1835, T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira & Helgason, 2011 and T. europaeaLavesque et al., 2019. Five species are described as new: T. bakkenisp. nov., T. kongsrudisp. nov., T. norvegicasp. nov., T. ronningaesp. nov. and T. scoticasp. nov. The distinctive morphological characters refer to the branchial shape, absence or presence of papillae on lamellae of anterior margin of branchial dorsal lobes, absence or presence of ciliated papillae dorsal to thoracic notopodia, geniculate chaetae in one or two chaetigers, and the morphology of thoracic and abdominal uncini teeth. Furthermore, the description of T. bigeniculatus is revised and complemented after examination of type specimens. An updated identification key to all species of the genus in NE Atlantic and a proposal of a classification of different types of abdominal uncini to be used in taxonomy are also included.
New records of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889 and C. munda (Moore, 1884) from China (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

Abstract Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889, a rare species of Hesperiidae previously known to be distributed from northeastern India to Indochina, is reported from southwestern Yunnan and southwestern Chongqing, China. A 658 bp COI gene sequence of this species is published for the first time. Although Chongqing is obviously isolated from the main distribution range, morphological characters of the specimens from this locality do not indicate a subspecies differentiation. Another rare taxon, C. munda munda (Moore, 1884), is also recorded from China for the first time based upon a male specimen from Cuona County in the Tibet Autonomous Region. This is the second specimen of C. munda from China, over 100 years after the holotype of C. munda joka Evans, 1949. The genitalia of both species are illustrated and described. Some taxonomic notes and a distribution map are provided as well.
Ancestry-dependent gene expression correlates with reprogramming to pluripotency and multiple dynamic biological processes

Transcriptomic analysis of racially diverse fibroblasts and iPSCs shows that individual variability affects pluripotent potential. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from differentiated cells, enabling the generation of personalized disease models by differentiating patient-derived iPSCs into disease-relevant cell lines. While genetic variability between different iPSC lines affects differentiation potential, how this variability in somatic cells affects pluripotent potential is less understood. We generated and compared transcriptomic data from 72 dermal fibroblast–iPSC pairs with consistent variation in reprogramming efficiency. By considering equal numbers of samples from self-reported African Americans and White Americans, we identified both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent transcripts associated with reprogramming efficiency, suggesting that transcriptomic heterogeneity can substantially affect reprogramming. Moreover, reprogramming efficiency–associated genes are involved in diverse dynamic biological processes, including cancer and wound healing, and are predictive of 5-year breast cancer survival in an independent cohort. Candidate genes may provide insight into mechanisms of ancestry-dependent regulation of cell fate transitions and motivate additional studies for improvement of reprogramming.
Patient “Catastrophizing” Associated with Expectations of Opioid Prescriptions for Acute Pain Control

Background: The prescription of opioids for acute pain may be a driving factor in chronic opioid abuse. We examined patients’ characteristics associated with the expectation of the receipt of opioid prescriptions for acute pain control. Methods: A 1-time survey was administered to adult patients at family medicine clinics in the Pacific Northwest between November 2018 and January 2019. Logistic regression modeled adjusted odds of expecting an opioid prescription in ≥ 3 of the 4 dispositional acute pain scenarios by patient demographics, opioid use, past-week pain intensity and duration, past-week anxiety, and pain catastrophizing. Results: The survey was completed by 108 patients (62% female, 48% between 30 and 49 years of age, 75% non-Hispanic Whites). Most patients (71%) expected an opioid prescription in ≥ 1 of the 4 scenarios; 26% expected a prescription in ≥ 3 scenarios. Patients with higher levels of pain catastrophizing had more than 3 times greater odds of expecting opioids than those with lower pain catastrophizing (OR, 3.73; P = .032; 95% CI, 1.12-12.46); no other characteristics were statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher pain catastrophizing was associated with increased odds of expecting opioids in dispositional acute pain scenarios in outpatient settings. Future studies can determine whether addressing pain catastrophizing reduces expectations of opioid prescribing for acute pain control. The finding that most patients expected opioid prescriptions in acute pain scenarios needs further exploration into other potential factors associated with these expectations. Evidence-based guidelines for condition-specific acute pain management are warranted for appropriate opioid prescribing and to guide treatment expectations.
Data augmentation method of remote sensing image based on transfer learning and VGG model

When the human visual system processes the optical image, it will use the salient features of the target and transfer learning to perform deep processing to improve the accuracy of target recognition.The vision system can quickly transfer the existing experience to interpret the target image information, so that humans can recognize the external environment. This mechanism of applying a priori knowledge for image processing of new targets is transfer learning.This image processing method can be applied to the field of high-resolution remote sensing image processing.This paper proposes to use the transfer learning of remote sensing images and utilize the VGG model to expand the data to improve the accuracy of remote sensing image recognition tasks.In terms of innovative methods, it is proposed to use the training samples processed by the style transfer algorithm as the input of the convolutional neural network classification model, which can guide the model to learn more prior knowledge information than the data.In the algorithm design, the network parameters such as the training input, network structure, matrix expansion method and convolution kernel scale of the traditional VGG network were adjusted and optimized.The recognition accuracy experiments were conducted using CIFAR10 and DOTA datasets, and Google Earth was used.The results of random remote sensing images are verified.
Infrared detection technology of the dim point target in complex background

The infrared detection technology of the dim point target in complex background is of great significance to the development of infrared search and tracking (IRST) systems, precision guidance and other fields. The dim point target at the long distance occupies very few pixels in the infrared image, and there is no detail and texture feature. Moreover, the imaging process is always affected by the nonuniform noise, complex clouds, atmospheric radiation, and other factors, which usually lead to the radiation intensities of non-target areas such as some scenes in the infrared image over the din point target, resulting in the phenomenon of target loss or false alarm caused by the clutter in dim point target detection. Therefore, the dim point target detection in complex background is a very difficult but practical subject. Generally, a perfect point target detection method needs the higher precision in both the hardware system and the software algorithm. To obtain a predictable and stable detection performance, system designers tend to design a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, which is also quite necessary for the IRST systems. Finally, the target confirmation should be carried out in the continuous tracking of the several candidate targets. The relationship between the point target detection and the target tracking is a complementary process, which may need to be carried out at the same time. On balance, the point target detection software algorithm has higher requirements of low complexity and easy implementation in real-time systems.
Optimized phase retrieval method base on multi-focus property of zone plate

As a computational imaging method, phase retrieval has wide applications in image reconstruction, wavefront detection, image encryption, etc. It is an image-based wavefront sensing technique and compared with some other traditional measurement methods such as interferometry, phase retrieval has the advantages of easy operation, high accuracy and strong adaptability to the environment. Conventional phase retrieval algorithms, such as the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm, retrieve wavefront by iterative calculation. But limited by finite information of the captured diffractive light filed, the calculation process is easy to fall into local minimum value and stagnation occurs in practical, making it unable to converge to the right wavefront. In this paper, in order to improve this phenomenon, a phase retrieval method combined with the zone plate is proposed in this paper. In this method, zone plates are added into the traditional iterative phase retrieval algorithm to modulate the incident wavefront and combined with the multi-focus property, it can collect more effective information about the wavefront in a single optical intensity distribution image and realize a better wavefront reconstruction result. Simulation results indicate that by taking zone plates into calculation, more effective reconstruction results can be acquired. On the one hand, the recovery residual is smaller compared with conventional lens. On the other, although all of these methods reach to a stagnation, zone-plate-based methods are more efficient to get a better result.
Evaluation of the effect of noise in a digital holographic system on the quality of reconstructed particle image

The paper considers the distortions of a real holographic image of particles exerting the greatest impact on the image quality: distortions associated with the influence of a virtual particle image and speckle structure of image caused by coherent noises of the medium. The described numerical experiments showed that it is possible to arrange such conditions for hologram recording, its processing and image reconstruction, under which a particle image with the impact of a twin image is suitable for recognizing and determining the characteristics of a particle.
Deep learning approach for nonlinear structured illumination microscopy

We propose that Deep Learning (DL) can be used to improve the performance of nonlinear structured illumination microscopy(NSIM) to enable it to reconstruct a super-resolution image with much less raw image frames. This allows for gentler super-resolution imaging at higher speeds and weakens phototoxicity in the NSIM imaging process. We validate our approach by super-resolution image reconstruction of simulated obtained data.
Feasibility study of new real-time three-dimensional imaging technology for spinal surgery navigation

Spinal surgery, such as pedicle screw placement, is difficult and risky due to the complexity of the physiological characteristics of the spine. Although intraoperative image guidance using a C-arm or an O-arm can significantly improve the success rate of the procedure, it is time consuming and the person is exposed to X-ray radiation for a long time. To solve this problem, this paper aims to exploring the application of new real-time 3D imaging technology in spinal surgery. Firstly, a CT scan of the pig's spine bone about 20 cm in length was performed and the accurate 3D data was obtained. Then, the 3D reconstruction was performed using a TOF camera and a light field camera. At last, the accuracy of the results was compared. The experimental results show that although the TOF camera has a good real-time performance, its resolution and accuracy of 3D reconstruction are low. The multi-frame superposition method can improve the data accuracy. The real-time performance of the light field camera is slightly lower. And the point cloud acquired by the bone is sparse because the spine texture feature is not obvious. But the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction can be significantly improved after the aid of structured light illumination. Therefore, the two techniques about 3D imaging proposed in this paper have some certain development potential in real-time navigation for spinal surgery.
Advances in laser heating of alkali vapor cells in magnetometers: a review

Laser heating of alkali metal vapor cells of atomic magnetometers is applied owing to its none magnetic field interference and little energy consumption, compared to heating by hot air and heating by AC electrical current. The development of laser heating technology, including the attachment of optical filters for better heat absorption, has expanded its usage from small chip-scale cells to relatively large cells, and from heating of single magnetometer to heating of an array of magnetometers. This paper offers a review of the evolution of laser heating in atomic magnetometers, introduces the different configurations of laser heating in experiments and points out the next possible target of the application of laser heating.
Seasonal variations of outgoing longwave radiation from satellite data

Based on observational data, we analyzed seasonal variations of the outgoing longwave radiation at the outer boundary of the atmosphere and air temperature near the Earth's surface. It has been shown that under quiet geomagnetic conditions, there is positive annual average correlation between the outgoing longwave radiation and near-surface temperature at latitudes higher than 30°. In the seasonal course, this dependence remains, with the exception of the winter period. At low latitudes, the outgoing longwave radiation correlates with the near-surface temperature above land, and over the oceans these characteristics are anticorrelated throughout the year.
A review of marine sediment sampling methods

Abstract This review summarizes sampling and quality control practices recommended by regulatory agencies and scientific organizations for acquiring reliable, defensible sediment samples in marine environments. Selecting an appropriate sediment sampling method can depend on water depth, sediment type, depth of sediment penetration required, and the study’s data quality objectives, among other factors. The primary concern of most sediment sampling methods is preserving sediment stratigraphy and chemical gradients, particularly at the sediment-water interface, while avoiding contamination. Quality control samples and ancillary observations and measurements are also critical to sediment sample interpretation and reliability as part of Natural Resource Damage Assessment.
Monte Carlo simulation of solar radiative transfer over a ruffled water surface taking into account the polarization effects

The results of Monte Carlo polarized solar radiative transfer simulation using the MCPOLART (Monte Carlo POLArized Radiatve Transfer) package in a Rayleigh atmosphere with a ruffled water surface are presented. The light reflection matrices from the wave water surface are calculated using the model described by Mishchenko and Travis (1997). We briefly describe general statements used in simulating the light polarization and the model for bidirectional polarized reflectance of wave surface. We give estimates of Stokes parameters and degree of polarization, obtained on the basis of numerical experiments, of how polarization influences the intensity of incident and reflected solar radiation in the visible spectral range for different lighting, observation and surface conditions.
Mode control on all-fiberized Raman fiber amplifier based on acoustically-induced fiber grating

Agile mode switching between LP01 mode and LP11 mode and power amplification in specific mode can be achieved at the same time by inserting an acoustically-induced fiber grating into a Raman fiber amplifier. The maximum signal light output power of the LP01 mode and LP11 mode is 8.51W and 7.98 W with the characteristic frequency of 769 kHz and 763 kHz, respectively. Moreover, the ratio of the two modes can be adjusted by modulating the frequency loaded on the acoustically-induced fiber grating. This work could provide an example of realizing a mode-switchable Raman fiber amplifier for practical application.
Electron Transfer and Radical Processes in Transition-Metal Chemistry

THEORY, TECHNIQUES, STRUCTURES, AND MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS. Concepts and Theories of Electron Transfer. Electrochemistry. Structure of Transition--Metal Radicals and Paramagnetic Complexes. Molecular Electronics. MECHANISMS, CATALYSIS, AND APPLICATIONS TO ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. Stoichiometric Reactions of Transition--Metal Radicals. Chain Reactions. Redox Catalysis and its Applications to Synthesis. Epilogue. Indexes.
Calibration of reference interferometer for FMCW ladar based on frequency comb

In frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) ladar, researchers usually linearize the output of the ladar’s tunable laser by a reference interferometer for high-accuracy measurement, but the reference interferometer need to be precisely calibrated. The H13C14N cell is a universal tool to complete the calibration. Here, we use the optical frequency comb instead of the traditional HCN gas cell to calibrate the path-length difference of the reference interferometer for higher precision. In this article, we present a detailed introduction of the experiment for path-length difference measurement and data processing method. The finally experimental results show that this method can give a micron precision, the standard deviation is 2.560e-5.
A method for measuring the width of a focused laser beam in reflection

We present a simple method to measure the width of a focused laser beam, where we define the width as the radius of the beam at which the intensity is 1/e2 of its on-axis value. Our method is based on measuring the power of light reflected off a metallized microstructure patterned on a oxidized silicon substrate that is placed on a tri-dimensional positioner. As the boundary between the microstructure and the substrate is scanned across the beam, changes in reflected power provide a quantitative measurement of the width of the beam. Our method is a useful alternative to the knife edge technique if optical measurements in transmission are not possible.
An auxiliary intelligent identification system for contraband of x-ray machine

In the international environment of violence, terrorist attacks and illegal drug smuggling, security issues are particularly important. Many companies and institutions in the world have successively developed safety inspection equipment, among which x-ray safety inspection equipment has been widely used. In order to ensure the safety of passengers, it is necessary to be able to accurately identify the knives, guns, inflammables, explosives and other dangerous articles in the luggage package during the security check, so as to reduce the probability of danger. At present, airport security inspectors need to change for half an hour, which is hard to work and easy to miss. An assistant identification system of contraband based on yolov4 to assist the security inspector to judge the X-ray image was proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of security inspection identification, reduce the manual detection intervention of professional training personnel, and avoid the occurrence of missed detection and false detection. A novel data augmentation method is proposed to guarantee the performance of the system in the case of a small number of samples. The experimental results show that the system has strong robustness in different channel directions and complex scenes, the comprehensive detection rate of lighter is higher than 95%, and the recognition efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved compared with the traditional convolutional neural network(CNN).