Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The First Global Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines for People Living With Disability.

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has released the first global public health guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior for people living with disability. This paper presents the guidelines, related processes, and evidence, and elaborates upon how the guidelines can support inclusive policy, practice, and research. METHODS Methods were consistent with the World Health Organization protocols for developing guidelines. Systematic reviews of the evidence on physical activity for health for people living with disability were appraised, along with a consideration of the evidence used to inform the general 2020 World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS Evidence supported the development of recommendations for people living with disability, stressing that there are no major risks to engaging in physical activity appropriate to an individual's current activity level, health status, and physical function, and that the health benefits accrued generally outweigh the risks. They also emphasize the benefits of limiting sedentary behavior. CONCLUSIONS The guidelines mark a positive step forward for disability inclusion, but considerable effort is needed to advance the agenda. This paper highlights key considerations for the implementation of the new recommendations for people living with disability, in line with the human rights agenda underpinning the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030 and allied policies.
Phenotyping peripheral neuropathic pain in male and female adolescents: pain descriptors, somatosensory profiles, conditioned pain modulation and child-parent reported disability.

ABSTRACT Neuropathic pain (NeuP) can be difficult to diagnose and manage in children. Data regarding prevalence and sex-dependent differences is limited, and more detailed phenotyping is needed.This observational cohort study recruited adolescents (10-17years) with NeuP or complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Following pain and NeuP screening questionnaires, quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed. Individual z-score plots were calculated with body-region control measures and matched to mechanism-related sensory profiles (sensory loss, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia). Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was assessed with pressure pain threshold (PPT) and a contralateral cold conditioning stimulus, and meaningful CPM defined as twice the standard error of measurement. Patients and parents completed validated questionnaires for child quality of life (QoL), pain catastrophizing, and self-reported anxiety/depression.Males (n=23) and females (n=43) with NeuP (n=52) or CRPS (n=14) reported moderate-severe pain with neuropathic sensory descriptors. Mixed patterns of sensory gain/loss at pain sites were not sex-dependent. Thermal hyperalgesia was common in both NeuP and CRPS, whereas sensory loss occurred only with NeuP and in a smaller proportion than adult cohorts. CPM was inhibitory in 54%, facilitatory in 14%, and non-responders had variable cold conditioning sensitivity. Males and females reported marked impairment of QoL, increased emotional distress and pain catastrophising. Child-parent QoL scores correlated, but catastrophizing scores were discordant in parents or adolescents with higher anxiety/depression.NeuP in adolescents is associated with significant pain, physical and psychosocial impairment. Quantifying alterations in somatosensory profiles, descending modulation and child-parent psychological function will inform individualized therapy and stratification for future clinical trials.
How well do we understand absolute pitch

Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability based on the fixed association between musical pitch and its verbal label. Experiments on AP identification demonstrated extreme accuracy of AP listeners in identifying pitch, influences of timbre and pitch range, and difference in accuracy between white-key notes and black-key notes. However, contrary to the common belief that AP is a component of musical ability, it was found that AP listeners have difficulty in perceiving pitch relations in different pitch contexts, and in recognizing transposed melodies, as compared to listeners having no AP. These results suggest that AP is irrelevant and even disadvantageous to music. Systematic music training in early childhood seems effective for acquiring AP. Possible genetic contributions to AP are undeniable, but evidence for them is inconclusive. There are several AP-like phenomena that do not reach consciousness: absolute tonality, long-term memory of pitch of repeatedly heard tunes, specific patterns of pitch comparison in the tritone paradox, and fixed pitch levels in speech. Contrary to true AP observed as a pitch naming ability, the implicit AP phenomena are widespread among general population.
Worker / wrapper for a Better Life Extended

In Software Engineering, an implementation, and its model, can fall out of step. If we can connect the implementation and model, then development of both artifacts can continue, while retaining confidence in the overall design and implementation. In this paper, we show it is possible in practice to connect together an executable specification of Conway’s Game of Life, and a number of implementations, using the worker/wrapper transformation. In particular, we use the rewrite tool HERMIT to apply post-hoc transformations to replace a linked-list based description with other data structures. Directed optimizations allow for highly-efficient executable specifications, where the model becomes the implementation. This work is the first time programmer-directed worker/wrapper has been attempted on a whole application, rather than simply on individual functions. Beyond data representation improvement, we translate our model such that we can execute on a CPU/GPU hybrid, by targeting the accelerate DSL.
Fractionation and bioavailability of phosphates in lacustrine sediments: a review

Phosphate bound onto sediments still plays an important role in lake metabolism. Therefore, knowledge of the different compounds in sediments and their availability for algae is essential to control their growth. In this review different methods to fractionate phosphate in sediments of lakes and marshes are compared. The methods are operationally defined extractions with NaOH followed by HCI, an extraction with dithionite in bicarbonate with or without citric acid, or functional extractions with chelating agents such as NTA and EDTA. By complexing the NTA or EDTA with Ca these chelators disolved only the Fe(O0H) adsorbed phosphate. It is shown that the operational extractions do not identify specific compounds such as ironhydroxide bound or Ca bound phosphate. The chelators, such as NTA or EDTA are more specific, can be used at the pH of the sediment, but have certain practica1 disadvantages. In sediments rich in organic matter, EDTA extracts also a certain amount of organic phosphate, the identity of which is unknown. NaOH as extractant gives the worst possible results as it incompletely dissolves ¡ron bound phosphate and attacks an important quantity of organic phosphate. The quantity of phosphate extracted depends on the concentration of the NaOH and the duration of the extraction. Furthermore, during the extraction formation of CaCO,=P is shown to take place. Thus, the organic pool is underestimated and the inorganic one overestimated. It is shown that for each extraction i t must be checked whether a second extraction yields again some phosphate this appears even to be the case with NaOH. After the extractions of inorganic phosphate some organic phosphates can be isolated such as humicor fulvic bound phosphate and phytate. These compounds cannot be isolated and studied when NaOH is used. Bioavailability studies have shown that different quantities of phosphate in sediments can be uced for phytoplankton growth. In this review different methods are compared and it is shown that the best method is to mix the algae with sediments and to do cell counting under the microscope. The cultures must be aerated in order to avoid an increase in pH. Usually the sum of ironand calcium bound phosphates is available for the algae, unless the latter compound is in the form of detrital rock particles. Biogenic ‘apatite’ is available for the phtyplankton species tested. The chemical fractionation of the different forms of apatite is still difficult.
Sustainable supply chain in food industries: Drivers and strategic sustainability orientation

Abstract Today, the concept of sustainable development in supply chain management is introduced as one of the basic concepts in production management. Paying attention to economic, social and environmental needs of the society is essential in gaining competitive advantage in the global market. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable development, appropriate programs and strategies should be considered by managers throughout the supply chain. Moreover, the internal and external drivers of the environment in the supply chain will lead organizations—willingly or not—towards sustainability. Hence, this paper examines the internal and external drivers in order to study strategic sustainability orientation. The results showed that internal drivers, including attitudes of managers and their support for sustainable programs, has a positive impact on strategic sustainability orientation. The study showed that external drivers of the organizations affect internal drivers, and compared to external drivers, internal drivers have a more important role in creating sustainable orientation within an organization. In addition, the mediating role of internal drivers in relation to external drivers and strategic sustainability orientation is approved. This study is conducted on 120 food industry companies of Iran.
The Publication Of Hotels’ Corporate Social Responsibility On The Internet And Its Influence On The Client’s Decision To Make A Reservation

In recent years, corporate social responsibility has become a common practice in companies as they voluntarily integrate social and environmental commitment into their mechanisms and processes. The tourism sector is no exception, and hotel owners/managers are aware of tourists’ increasing sensitivity to this aspect. This situation, together with the considerable increase in the use of the Internet to choose a destination, makes it important to study these variables together and discover their possible influence on the organization’s success. The purpose of the present study is to analyse whether there is a relationship between the tourist’s decision to choose a hotel establishment and the publication on the Internet of information about the hotel’s corporate social responsibility practices. To this end, a total of 228 surveys were administered to people between 18 and 30 years old who were users of Internet and residents of the Canary Islands.
Trifostigmanoside I, an Active Compound from Sweet Potato, Restores the Activity of MUC2 and Protects the Tight Junctions through PKCα/β to Maintain Intestinal Barrier Function

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batata) is considered a superfood among vegetables and has been consumed for centuries. Traditionally, sweet potato is used to treat several illnesses, including diarrhea and stomach disorders. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of sweet potato on intestinal barrier function, and to identify the active compounds of sweet potato and their underlying mechanism of action. To this purpose, bioactivity-guided isolation, Western blotting, and immunostaining assays were applied. Interestingly, our bioactivity-guided approach enabled the first isolation and identification of trifostigmanoside I (TS I) from sweet potato. TS I induced mucin production and promoted the phosphorylation of PKCα/β in LS174T human colon cancer cells. In addition, it protected the function of tight junctions in the Caco-2 cell line. These findings suggest that TS I rescued the impaired abilities of MUC2, and protected the tight junctions through PKCα/β, to maintain intestinal barrier function.
Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOx source contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition

[1] Dry deposition is a major component of total atmospheric nitrogen deposition and thus an important source of bioavailable nitrogen to ecosystems. However, relative to wet deposition, less is known regarding the sources and spatial variability of dry deposition. This is in part due to difficulty in measuring dry deposition and associated deposition velocities. Passive sampling techniques offer potential for improving our understanding of the spatial distribution and sources of gaseous and aerosol N species, referred to here as dry deposition. We report dual nitrate isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) in actively collected dry and wet deposition across the high-deposition region of Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. We also present results from initial tests to examine the efficacy of using passive nitric acid collectors as a collection medium for isotopic analysis at a site in New York. Isotopic values in actively collected dry deposition, including particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid, are compared with those in wet nitrate deposition and surrounding NOx emission sources. δ15N values in dry and wet fractions are highest at the westernmost sites and lowest at the easternmost sites, and stationary source NOx emissions (e.g., power plants and incinerators) appear to be the primary control on δ15N spatial variability. In contrast, δ18O values show a less consistent spatial pattern in dry deposition. Both δ15N and δ18O show strong seasonality, with higher values in winter than summer. Seasonal variations in stationary source NOx emissions appear to be the most likely explanation for seasonal variations in δ15N, whereas seasonal variations in air temperature and solar radiation indicate variable chemical oxidation pathways control δ18O patterns. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of passive samplers for collecting the nitric acid (HNO3) component of dry deposition suitable for isotopic analysis. We observe slight differences in δ15N-HNO3 values between simultaneous samples collected actively and passively (0.6‰). However, we observe a larger offset in δ18O values between actively and passively collected samples; the causes for this offset warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, passive sample collection represents a significant cost savings over active sampling techniques and could allow a more extensive understanding of patterns of dry deposition and associated insights to nitrogen sources across landscapes.
Long memory of volatility measures in time series

The authors analyse relations between the long memory parameter of conditional variance and estimates of the long memory in squared residuals in FIGARCH models. The investigations are performed by means of simulations FIGARCH(0, d, 0) and FIGARCH(1, d, 1) models for selected parameters. Simulation results suggest, that estimates of the conditional variance long memory and the long memory in squared residuals can considerable differ. Moreover, only for small d positive relationship between the long memory estimates of squared residuals and the fractional integration parameter d of FIGARCH model can be observed.
It’s a Kiki!: Developmental benefits of the Kiki scene for Black gay/bisexual/transgender adolescents/emerging adults

Abstract Younger members of the House and Ball Community (HBC) have created an emerging social scene called “Kiki” that has shared elements with the HBC. Given the growing popularity of the Kiki scene in urban communities with large numbers of Black gay, bisexual, and transgender (GBT) adolescents and emerging adults, it is important to understand the developmental benefits of the Kiki scene. We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 30 GBT adolescents and emerging adults (ages 15-24) who attended Kiki-related events and 15 older opinion leaders affiliated with the HBC. Participants described how the Kiki scene provides them with a range of supportive and affirming functions and offers a place where they can achieve important developmental milestones. The results clustered into three primary thematic areas of development: Executive Functioning Development, Social-Emotional Development, and Physical and Emotional Safety during Development. Within each of these thematic areas are sub-themes that further explicate the ways in which these functions are supported. We believe this to be one of the first papers exclusively focused on the positive aspects of the Kiki scene for adolescent and emerging adult development, and we encourage other researchers to further explore this emerging socializing force and its potential benefits to development.
NICE: Neural Image Commenting Evaluation with an Emphasis on Emotion and Empathy

Emotion and empathy are examples of human qualities lacking in many humanmachine interactions. The goal of our work is to generate engaging dialogue grounded in a user-shared image with increased emotion and empathy while minimizing socially inappropriate or offensive outputs. We release the Neural Image Commenting Evaluation (NICE) dataset consisting of almost two million images and their corresponding, human-generated comments, as well as a set of baseline models and over 28,000 human annotated samples. Instead of relying on manually labeled emotions, we also use automatically generated linguistic representations as a source of weakly supervised labels. Based on the annotations, we define two different task settings on the NICE dataset. Then, we propose a novel model Modeling Affect Generation for Image Comments (MAGIC) which aims to generate comments for images, conditioned on linguistic representations that capture style and affect, and to help generate more empathetic, emotional, engaging and socially appropriate comments. Using this model we achieve state-of-the-art performance on one setting and set a benchmark for the NICE dataset. Experiments show that our proposed method can generate more human-like and engaging image comments.
A Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor Detection From MRI

Aims: Cancerous brain tumors are among the most dangerous diseases that lower the quality of life of people for many years. Their detection in the early stages paves the way for the proper treatment. The present study aimed to present a two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for detecting brain tumors under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using the deep learning method. Methods & Materials: The proposed method has two stages of feature extraction and classification. A 12-layer CNN was used to extract the features of the MRI images and then the softmax activation function was used to classify these features. The proposed method was applied to a standard database consisting of three brain tumor types of meningioma, glioma, and pituitary. Findings: The proposed method had better performance compared to previously presented methods. Its accuracy was reported as 98.68%. Conclusion: Meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumors are the most common types of brain tumors. Early detection of these tumors can decrease the risk of death. Because of its fully connected structure, the use of proposed deep CNN can help physicians to correctly detect brain tumors with MRI images.
An Equivalency Test for Model Fit

Yen’s Q1 statistic was adapted to test the fit of the two-parameter logistic model (2PLM) in item response theory (IRT), whereby a significant result implies that the model fits given an acceptable magnitude of misfit. A Monte Carlo simulation study was performed to evaluate the empirical Type I error rate and power of Q1 under the following crossed conditions: test length (20-, 40-, and 80-items) and sample size (2500-, 5000-, and 10000examinees). The fit statistic exhibited conservative Type I error rates for larger sample sizes and longer test lengths. The power was adequate in the larger sample size conditions. Equivalency Test for Model Fit 3 An Equivalency Test for Model Fit Item response theory (IRT) is a model-based measurement theory that provides several attractive features for practitioners, such as invariance of item and person parameters. However, in order for a practitioner to take advantage of IRT’s benefits, certain assumptions must be satisfied (e.g., local independence). A common assumption, not often discussed as such, pertains to the fit of the model to the data; i.e., the model being used must accurately portray the true relationship between ability and performance on the item. Model misfit has several consequences for the measurement process, including possibly leading to a violation of the invariance property (see Bolt, 2002). As a result, it is wise for a test developer to establish that a particular model fits the data before operationalizing a valid item. There are several model misfit statistics available in practice (e.g., BILOG’s G and Orlando and Thissen’s (2000) S-X). For all existing misfit statistics, the null and alternative hypotheses are specified, in general terms, as follows:
Improved two-temperature modeling of ultrafast thermal and optical phenomena in continuous and nanostructured metal films

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Improved two-temperature modeling of ultrafast thermal and optical phenomena in continuous and nanostructured metal films P. Bresson, J-F. Bryche, M. Besbes, J. Moreau, P-L. Karsenti, P. Charette, D. Morris, M. Canva
Notes on Russian Orientalism as a Phenomenon of Cultural Transfers

Russian Orientalism as a phenomenon of cultural transfer based on the material of the Russian literature of the 19th century is considered in this article. The author offers to look at the processes of invention the East in Russia not only as a complex of various transformations of European ideas, texts, ideologies, and symbolic structures planted to the Russian soil, but also as an important process of convergence and mixing of Russian, American, and European methodology for studying the Eastern “Otherness”.
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON FACE RECOGNITION

The suitability of face recognition was investigated as a biometric-based identifier for sheep using a holistic analysis of face images by the independent components technique. Algorithm training was performed independently on several normalized face images from 50 sheep (sets of two, three, and four training images per sheep). The performance of this technique was assessed on a separate set of images (three normalized face images per sheep) using the cosine distance classifier. When 180 to 200 components were extracted, the recognition rate was as high as 95.3% to 96%. As expected, fewer independent components reduced the recognition rate, while a higher number of training images per sheep improved it. Although our results have demonstrated the potential of face recognition as a non-invasive, inexpensive, and accurate novel biometric identifier of sheep, further work should aim at improving recognition rates on a larger set of sheep faces.