Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual-tree basal area growth, survival, and total height models for upland hardwoods in the Boston Mountains of Arkansa

Mod& were developed for individual-tree basal area growth, survival, and total heights for different species of upland hardwoods in the Boston Mountains of north Arkansas. Data used were from 87 permanentplots located in an array of different sites and stand ages; the plots were thinned to different stocking levels and included unthinned controls. To test these three tree models, stand developmentfor 5 and 10 yr were simulated in terms of stand basal area/at, numbers of trees/at, and quadratic mean diameter. Percent mean differences for the three variables indicated no serious biases. A long-term projection of 100 yr to test model reasonableness showed development that would be consistent with these stands. These equations provideforest managers thefirst upland hardwood individual-tree growth models specifically for this region. South. J. Appl. For. 22(3):184-192. Forest stand growth and development are primary concerns of forest managers, and the information sought today goes far beyond the aggregate stand values they were content to use in the past. Today’s managers desire not only aggregate information, but also data by species, diameters, heights, etc., so that they can apply their own merchantability standards to generate stand summaries. Such detailed data are also useful for nontimber applications, such as estimating potential mast production for wildlife. This appetite for detailed information can often be satisfied best with individual-tree growth models, where data for each stem are maintained for later summarization in a number of formats. Although there are models for upland hardwoods in other regions (Harrison et al. 1986, Hilt 1985, Shifley 1987), we do not have one for oaks and other upland hardwood species for the Boston Mountains. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis is to develop individual-tree equations for basal area growth, survival, and total tree heights for upland hardwood species in this region. NATE: Paul A. Murphy is corresponding author and can be reached at (870) 367-3464; Fax: (870) 367-l 164; E-mail: murphy_paul/ srs_monticello@fs.fed. us. Manuscript received January 21, 1997; accepted September 15, 1997. Study Area and Description The Boston Mountains are the highest and southernmost member of the Ozark Plateau physiographic province (Figure 1). They form a band 30 to 40 miles wide and 200 miles long from north central Arkansas westward into eastern Oklahoma. Elevations range from about 900 ft in the valley bottoms to 2,500 ft at the highest point. The
Characterization of extracellular chitinase produced from Streptomyces rubiginosus isolated from rhizosphere of Gossypium sp.

Abstract In the present study, 28 chitinase producing Actinomycetes were isolated from rhizoshperic soil samples of Gossypium sp. (Cotton) growing in Dastan farm, Naroda, Gujarat. Amongst them, eleven of these isolates produced significantly higher levels of chitinase and were further studied quantitatively. Results indicated that SP 24 was found to be the most prominent chitinase producer, giving 2.790 U/ml chitinase activity by using 1% colloidal chitin as substrate concentration, amongst the isolates under study. In case of isolate SP 24, maximum chitinase production was obtained after 72 h of incubation period and in culture medium having pH 7 at temperature 30°C. Amendment of peptone as a sole nitrogen source to colloidal chitin broth (CCB) enhanced chitinase activity. Furthermore, xylose as a sole carbon source added to CCB medium also increased chitinase activity. Effective production method of chitinase by Actinomycetes has captured the attention due to its varied applications in industries as well as in medicines. Chitinase enzyme has wide applications such as for control of phytophatogenic fungi, in food industry by increasing shelf-life of fruits, in bioconversion process.
Atherosclerosis in Japanese quail and the effect of lipoic acid.

: The Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is a useful laboratory animal for the study of atherosclerosis. It is small, omnivorous, easy to maintain, and susceptible to either spontaneous or cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, and it has a low feed consumption and short life cycle. It develops atheromatous lesions with the characteristic lipid deposition and myofibroblastic proliferation in the aorta and sometimes in the coronary artery. Japanese quail can be genetically bred into lines highly susceptible and resistant to atherosclerosis. A nutritional study has indicated that a high intake of soy protein prevents the disease in the quail. Contradictory results of studies with rabbits were reported in the early literature on the prevention of atherosclerosis by lipoic acid. Recently the effect of lipoic acid on atherosclerosis was reevaluated in the quail. A preventive effect of this compound was demonstrated when it was implanted s.c. and slowly released in the animal.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Toll-like receptor and associated regulators in pneumonia and sepsis

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Polimorfismos do gene BoLA-DRB3 em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros 5/8 girolando e holandês no estado de Pernambuco

The BoLA region (Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen), has been paid attention to because of its alleles having influence on immune functions and production traits. The present study aimed at the identification and association of BoLA-DRB3.2 gene polymorphisms in 145 5/8 Girolando and Holstein dairy cows, in reference herds in the state of Pernambuco. 39 alleles with frequencies ranging from 0.42 to 15.97 % were identified, and the most common alleles were 0101 (6.13 %), R (14.11 %) and 1101 (14.72 %). There were low similarity values, demonstrating a greater genetic variability among animals. The distance between the 5/8 Girolando and Holstein, was 0.075. Observed heterozygosity values (Ho) were lower than those for expected heterozygosity (He). There was a high BoLA-DRB3.2 gene polymorphism for the herds and a high number of alleles that had positive effects on milk production, especially for 16 and 0101 alleles.
Method for estimating the maximum output of a battery for a hybrid electric vehicle

The present invention relates to a method for estimating the maximum output of a battery for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The method includes a step of extracting a maximum charge / discharge output of a battery corresponding to a plurality of battery state of charge (SOC) at which the automobile can operate and calculating a correlation between the two, and a battery at a plurality of temperatures at which the automobile can operate. Extracting the maximum output of the battery and calculating the correlation between the two and extracting the battery output degradation rate when the battery capacity is discharged while the vehicle is running to calculate the correlation between the two And estimating the maximum output of the battery (Power max ) through the following function based on the correlation obtained through each of the above steps. Power max = F (SOC, temp, accumulated discharge Ah) = F (SOC, temp) x F (accumulated discharge Ah)
Induction ofa Putative Ca2"-ATPase mRNA in NaCI-Adapted Cells'

AcDNAclone wasisolated that encodes thepartial sequence of a putative endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase oftobacco. The 1.497-kb insert hadanopenreading frameof1.149kb. The deduced peptide hadthegreatest homology totheendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases ofDrosophila andArtemia, followed by themammalian andavian enzymes (SERCA2 and3). ThecDNA insert hybridized toasingle mRNAof4.4kbfromtobacco cultured cells orplant tissues. Thelevel ofthis transcript wasinduced about 2-fold byNaCIshock in428mm NaCI-deadapted tobacco cells that weremaintained inmediumwithout salt, butnotinunadapted cells. Thelevel ofthis transcript was3-to4-fold higher in428mm NaCI-adapted cells growing insalt thaninunadapted cells growing without salt.
Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and ameliorative potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Gazania krebsiana (Less.) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in Wistar rats

Gazania krebsiana (Less.), a member of Asteraceae family, is locally used in the treatment of various ailments mostly among the Basotho tribe of eastern Free State Province, South Africa. The study examines the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of the plant extract on feed and water intake, biochemical parameters such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), lipid peroxidation and organ histology. Various concentrations (1.56–25 µg/ml) of aqueous leaf extract of G. krebsiana (ALEG) were tested in in vitro assays. Hepatic injury was induced in the rats by administering 1 ml/kg body weight (BW) CCl4 in olive oil except in the control group. The effects of treatment with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg ALEG was investigated in vivo during the 15-day study. Water extract exhibited the best activity against four of the six tested free radicals with an IC50 of 3.32 ± 0.06, 5.00 ± 0.06, 0.60 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.10 µg/ml in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating, superoxide anion and 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, respectively, when compared with standards. Pre- and post-treatment with different concentrations of ALEG significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the elevated serum activities of AST, ALT and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels while increasing the activities of CAT and GP. The histopathological micrographs revealed extensive liver damage characterised by vacuolar as well as severe necrosis with cytoplasmic degeneration in the hepatotoxic and pre-treatment groups, however, such liver damages were not observed in the ALEG-treated groups. The results proved the hepatoprotective potential of ALEG versus CCl4-induced oxidative stress.
Die tausendjährige Geschichte des Teesdalio-Arnoseridetums

Developments in the techniques used in studying past vegetation and the availability of good sample material enable the reconstruction, in considerable detail, of former plant communities on the basis of fossil material. In exceptional circumstances, it is even possible to reconstruct a community to the level of association, i.e. the basic syntaxonomic unit. This is illustrated by reference to the Teesdalio-Arnoseridetum, a community of winter cereals. The reconstructions are based on the results of pollen analyses of plaggen soils (Plaggenesch) and macrofossil analyses of carbonized cereals (generally dominated by rye) with particular reference being paid to the weed component
Spatiotemporal variability of demersal fish larvae assemblages in the southern region of the California Current

ABSTRACT An analysis was conducted of the community structure variability of demersal fish larvae and its relationship with environmental forcing on the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (25–31°N). The information comes from two data sets of oceanographic cruises in 1997–2000 and 2006–2010. From a total of 190 identified taxa, a high number of species (71) was shared throughout the peninsula. The spatiotemporal contrast in the community structure suggests the separation of two groups (northern and southern) whose boundary is located around Punta Eugenia. The northern group showed an alternate dominance of species with a subarctic-transitional faunistic affinity during the winter and spring and species of a subtropical affinity during summer–autumn. In contrast, the dominant taxa in the southern group have a tropical–subtropical affinity throughout the year, although some taxa of subarctic-transitional affinity also occur during winter–spring. In the spatiotemporal scale, these results suggest that the major cause that modulates the extension and structure of the assemblages is the seasonal oceanic dynamics. Moreover, the intensity of warming or cooling events (El Niño and La Niña) influences the structure of the community on an interannual scale by displacing the zonal boundaries of the groups’ distribution.
Gibberellic Acid Increases Flower Number in Zantedeschia elliottiana and Z. rehmannii

Gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied to Zantedeschia elliottiana (W. Wats.) and Z. rehmannii (Engl.) (yellow and pink calla lily) at 0, 50, 100, 500, or 1000 ppm, either as a preplant rhizome 10-min soak or as a foliar spray. Soaking rhizomes in 500 ppm GA3 prior to planting increased number of flowering shoots and flowers per shoot. Leaves on treated plants were narrower, but length was unaffected. Flower height was not affected. Foliar sprays did not alter any measured parameter. A preplant GA soak may be useful in the production of Zantedeschia as flowering potted plants. Chemical name used: (1α, 2β, 4aα, 4bβ, 10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone (GA3).
Allelopathic effects of phenolic compounds present in submerged macrophytes on Microcystis aeruginosa

In laboratory studies, the allelopathic effects of 3 (Hydrocharitaceae family) submerged macrophytes (Elodea nuttallii (Planch) St. John, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Vallisneria spiralis L. ) were investigated on two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa. Both aqueous methanol extracts and exudates of three macrophytes inhibited the growth of both strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, After 3-days culture, E nuttallii, H. verticillata and V. spiralis excreted 0.8, 0.3 and 1.0% of total phenolic compounds (TPC), respectively, into the surrounding water. After removing phenolic compounds by polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)), the plant exudates showed very weak activity. The inhibitory rates of exudates of E. nuttallii, H. verticillata and V. spiralis, against non-toxic M. aeruginosa were decreased by 35.7, 43.4 and 59.1% respectively. Thus 3 submerged macrophytes released the phenolic compounds into the surrounding water, to inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa. This information may help us in understanding the mechanism of allelopathy in aquatic ecosystems and to control the algal bloom in eutrophic water bodies.
Theoretical pKa calculations with continuum model solvents, alternative protocols to thermodynamic cycles

This article reviews different formulations of the thermodynamic cycles used for the prediction of pKa values, their advantages, and disadvantages with special emphasis on the limitations resulting from the necessity of gas-phase calculations, which allow introducing some difficult cases that motivated alternative strategies. Before introducing the protocols that do not consider gas-phase calculations, the two current opinions available in the literature on the debate about the correct formalism for the calculation of free energies in solution are briefly introduced. Then, the isodesmic proton exchange reaction in solution is reviewed by analyzing its performance on difficult cases for thermodynamic cycles such as carbon acids and amino acids. The pKa values predicted by the isodesmic reaction for common acid species are also reviewed to compare their accuracy results in relation with those of thermodynamic cycles. Linear regressions between experimental pKa values and the calculated free energies obtained with the isodesmic reaction provide expressions for the dependence of the error in the calculated pKas on the pKa difference between the studied acid and the reference species. Finally, it is shown that linear regressions correct the calculated free energies of the isodesmic reaction, when high constant precision is required in a large pKa range. The deviations from the expected behavior are equivalent to those reported previously for different pKa calculation protocols and are determined by the inaccuracies of continuum solvent models on the interactions with ionic species. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF M. MINUTA EXTRACTS Short Communication

Objective: Infectious diseases are a leading cause of global disease burden with high morbidity and mortality especially in the developing world. Furthermore, there have been threats of new diseases during the past three decades due to the evolution and adaptation of microbes and the reemergence of old diseases due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the capacity to spread to new geographic areas. Since antiquity, humans have used plants to treat common infectious diseases and some of these traditional medicines are still included as part of the habitual treatment of various maladies. Objective of the study was to evaluate, one of the traditionally used drugs, Marselia minuta for its antimicrobial activity. Methods: Extracts of M. minuta was prepared using successive solvent extraction method and the antibacterial activity of thus prepared petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol and aqueous extracts of M. minuta was performed using agar well diffusion method. Four bacterial strains were used to assess the antimicrobial properties of the plant extracts viz Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: All the extracts showed activity towards the tested microorganisms except petroleum ether extract. Ethyl acetate extract was more active towards S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Alcohol and chloroform extract was active toward E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Aqueous extract was active against E. coli and S. aureus. minimum inhibitory concentration were calculated for each extract and the Significant activity was observed for ethyl acetate extract (E. coli-11.33 mm, S. aeruginosa-16.0 mm) and alcoholic fractions (E. coli-15.33 mm and P. aeruginosa-10.66 mm) for concentration 500 mcg/ml. Conclusion: Thus, the result in the present experiment ensures the traditional use of M. minuta as antibacterial agent. Further, the most active extracts can be subjected for isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and its formulation which will be relatively safer than synthetic medicines and offering profound therapeutic benefits at the more affordable price.
Modeling carbon allocation in peach shoot bearing fruits : simulation of the water stress effect

Introduction. Un modele existant, decrivant les relations sources-puits dans des rameaux mixtes de pecher isoles du reste de l'arbre, a ete modifie pour prendre en compte l'effet du stress hydrique sur la croissance des fruits. Le modele. Le modele decrit la croissance des fruits et l'etat des reserves en se basant sur la demande des puits, le nombre de feuilles et les effets de l'environnement, y compris le potentiel hydrique foliaire. Il predit que le poids sec du fruit diminue en meme temps qu'augmente le stress hydrique. Simulations. Les effets d'un faible potentiel hydrique sur le poids sec des fruits dependent du rapport feuille/fruit, Lorsque ce rapport est eleve, le stress hydrique a moins d'influence sur la croissance des fruits. Lorsque le rapport feuille/fruit est faible, le stress hydrique limite severement la croissance des fruits. Les reserves tamponnent les effets du stress hydrique. Les simulations ont montre que le moment ou intervient le stress hydrique a une influence sur le poids sec du fruit et le niveau des reserves. Discussion et conclusion. Le modele et les differentes informations qu'il fournit peut s'averer un outil interessant pour comprendre les interactions entre les facteurs sources et puits. Cela constitue une etape necessaire pour expliquer et reduire la variabilite de la croissance des fruits. Les simulations concernant le stress hydrique devront etre validees par des experimentations.
Assessment level of some anti-nutritional and nutritional factors in some Egyptian cultivated soybean and barley.

As a main source of protein, soybeans (Glycine max (L) Merril) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) provide the human and animal nutrition essential amino acids that are required for healthy individuals. However, these crops contain secondary plant metabolites, considered as anti-nutritional factors, which display negative effects on nutritional qualities produced. Three genotypes of soybean Giza35 (G35), Giza21 (G21), and Giza83 (G83) and three genotypes of barley Giza134 (G134), Giza2006 (G2006), and Giza123 (G123) which together represent the crops harvested in Egypt, were analyzed for their nutritional value and the levels of antinutritional factors i.e. phytic acid, tannins, and total phenol. The ranges of antinutritional factors in soybean seeds were total phenols 18.9–35mg/g, tannins 16.23–18.33mg/g, and phytic acid 1.6–3.08%. On the other hand, the ranges of anti-nutritional factors in barley seeds were total phenols 21– 27.86mg/g, tannins 14.23–18mg/g, and phytic acid 1.2–1.41%. The significant differences among the two crops genotypes were in the total phenol content; it being the highest in both but significantly higher in soybean reaching 45 mg/g but with a larger deviation of values. Barley genotypes reached a highest content of 27.86 mg/g and a low of 21 mg/g. Phytic acid content was typically low in both. The other factors were similar in concentrations among different germplasms.
Activation of the tumor suppressor merlin by myosin/moesin phosphatase

One of the most important characteristics of normal cells as compared to cancer cells is the inhibition of growth upon cell-cell contact. The tumor suppressor merlin plays a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of this contact inhibition. Merlin becomes active at high cell density and mediates contact inhibition by interfering with the transduction of Ras dependent proliferation signals. This growth inhibiting ability of merlin is associated with its dephosphorylation at serine 518. When merlin is phosphorylated by PAK-2 or PKA at this site, it cannot inhibit cell growth. In order to identify the activating phosphatase of merlin, RT4 cells were engineered to express C-terminal merlin (C-merlin, 300-595). This C-terminal part of merlin contains the critical serine 518 site and is regulated similarly to full-length merlin in these cells. At first, PP 1 rather than PP2A was identified as the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase, since the dephosphorylation of merlin was inhibited only by high concentrations of okadaic acid and purified PP1 could dephosphorylate C-merlin in vitro more efficiently than PP2A. Myosin/moesin phosphatase consisting of PP1δ as the catalytic subunit and MYPT-1 as the target subunit was then identified as the phosphatase of merlin. i) Merlin interacted directly with MYPT-1 both in vivo and in vitro. This direct interaction was mediated by a region from residue 312 to 341 in merlin and the leucine zipper domain in MYPT-1. ii) A naturally occurring mutation of the nf-2 gene (L339F) in this interacting region could impair the interaction of merlin with MYPT-1. iii) Under conditions when merlin was dephosphorylated, this phosphatase was activated via its dephosphorylation at threonine 696. iv) Furthermore, merlin could not be dephosphorylated and lost its growth inhibitory ability in the presence of CPI-17, a specific inhibitor of myosin/moesin phosphatase. Finally, CPI-17 was able to induce transformation by inhibiting the activation of merlin and is therefore proposed to be a novel oncoprotein. In conclusion, this study reveals that myosin/moesin phosphatase is the activating phosphatase of merlin and plays a central role in mediating contact inhibition.