Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
10-bit 47.57μW Power Efficient Successive Approximation Register ADC with High Speed

A 10-bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) prototype is presented in this work and simulations are performed using Cadence Spectre on 16 nm technology. This architecture consists of a bulk driven rail to rail comparator and split binary weighted capacitive Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). Both comparator and DAC are significant part of Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) which helps to achieve high speed with less power consumption and improved linearity. The power consumption is 47.57 μW. The Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) and Signal to Noise plus Distortion Ratio (SNDR) are 68 dB and 63 dB, respectively. The proposed design operates with 100 MSps speed while the comparator and Successive Approximation Register (SAR) control logic operates at 1GHz.
Attention Guided U-Net With Atrous Convolution for Accurate Retinal Vessels Segmentation

The accuracy of retinal vessels segmentation is of great significance for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Especially, the segmentation accuracy of the end of vessels will be affected by the area outside the retinal in fundus image. In this paper, we propose an attention guided U-Net with atrous convolution(AA-UNet), which guides the model to separate vessel and non-vessel pixels and reuses deep features. Firstly, AA-UNet regresses a boundary box to the retinal region to generate an attention mask, which was used as a weighting function to multiply the differential feature map in the model to make the model pay more attention to the vessels region. Secondly, atrous convolution replaces ordinary convolution in feature layer, which can increase the receptive field and reduce the amount of computation. Then, we add two shortcuts to the atrous convolution in order to reuse the features, so that the details of vessel are more prominent. We test our model with the accuracy are 0.9558/0.9640/0.9608 and AUC are 0.9847/0.9824/0.9865 on DRIVE, STARE and CHASE_DB1 datasets, respectively. The results show that our method has improvement in the accuracy of retinal vessels segmentation, and exceeded other representative retinal vessels segmentation methods.
Carrier-based PWM Techniques for Current-fed Quasi-Z-Source Converters

The conventional Current Source Converters (CSCs) are preferred in different applications than the Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) due to their simple construction and sinusoidal input/output voltage and current waveforms. However, the current source converters are unidirectional converters. Moreover, it can operate only in the voltage boosting or current bucking mode of operation. Therefore, current-fed impedance source converters (CF-ZSC) are proposed to overcome the shortcoming of the conventional CSCs. This paper proposes a new and simple Carrier-Based PWM (CBPWM) technique to modulate the CF-ZSCs. This technique modifies the CBPWM of the CSC to modulate the CF-ZSC switches to obtain buck/boost operations in addition to the bidirectional power flow. The theoretical analysis and operating principles of the proposed technique are explained and modeled. Unlike the traditional VSCs and CSCs, CF-ZSC has an additional open-circuit state by turning off all switches. Therefore, in this paper, additional zero states can achieve by one of following control methods, simple and maximum approach. Besides the implementation simplicity, the proposed methods have a lot of advantages such as reduction of switching frequency, no penalty in the output line current harmonic distortion. A comparison between the proposed methods has been introduced. The performance of the proposed technique is verified using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of using these methods in controlling CF-ZSC.
Experimental Validation of PID and LQR Control Techniques for Stabilization of Cart Inverted Pendulum System

This paper describes the design and implementation of control strategies for the stabilization of a Cart Inverted Pendulum system. An experimental model of the system is considered for the design of controllers. The real-time implementation is done by employing a two-loop PID controllers for the system where the gain values are pre-determined by using Frequency Response and Linear-Quadratic Regulator(LQR) methods. A comparison is made between the proposed design strategies in terms of steady state and transient performance parameters. It is observed that Linear-Quadratic method exhibits superior performance as compared to frequency response method.
Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current Analysis of Stored Charge in LDPE and XLPE

Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is a common material for power cable insulation due to its low cost, mechanical stability, and insulating nature. It is made by converting low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to a crosslinked variant using the chemical agent dicumyl peroxide (DCP). However, the crosslinking process leaves behind byproducts that may compromise the utility of the XLPE. For example, they can contribute to space charge buildup and degradation over time. Here, the thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique is used to analyze the susceptibility of XLPE to charge buildup and the origins of the stored charge. Comparisons to LDPE are made to determine if DCP byproducts play a role. In general, three peaks are observed in both XLPE and LDPE, with only one being observed above room temperature. That homocharge peak arises from charge injection that occurs during poling, and has greater magnitude in LDPE than in XLPE. It’s magnitude in XLPE can be controlled by the applied field, but the same cannot be said for LDPE. For the two other peaks observed, one is potentially attributable to polymer motion or glass transition phenomena, while the origin of the other is currently speculated to be related to moisture content.
A Simplified Stator Frequency and Power Control Method of DFIG-DC System Without Stator Voltage and Current Sensors

The primary objective of the grid connected DFIG-DC system is to achieve the accurate control of stator frequency and active power. In this letter, a simplified power control method is proposed by just controlling the magnitude of the rotor current vector, which can avoid the stator voltage and current sensors. The stator active power is calculated by the product of dc voltage and dc current. The stator frequency is simply controlled by the rotating speed of the rotor current vector, which is achieved through a given rotating frame. Furthermore, the parameter dependence and dc sampling offset problems can be eliminated because the voltage model or current model, which are usually used for acquiring stator frequency and stator flux angle, can be avoided. Therefore, the robustness and stability of the stator frequency and power control can be improved. Finally, experiments based on a 1 kW DFIG-DC setup are carried out to verify the proposed method.
Compact Wideband Dual-polarized Antenna with High Isolation using Elliptical-shaped Gap Structure and Modified Y-shaped Feeding Baluns

A compact (49 × 49 mm2) wideband dual-polarized antenna with high isolation (32 dB) using elliptical-shaped gap structure and modified Y-shaped feeding baluns is proposed in this paper. The gap structures between adjacent arms of dipoles are designed in elliptical shape to improve the impedance matching. The feeding baluns are modified into the same shape as the arms of dipoles to obtain high isolation. The proposed antenna realizes a wideband impedance bandwidth covering 1.7–2.7 GHz for S11 <−15 dB.
Uncertain Visual Target Tracking by Hierarchical Combination of Multiple Target State Space Model and Self Organizing Map

A novel visual target tracking method, where targets to be tracked are uncertain as they are not pre-determined, has been proposed in a framework of multiple target tracking formulation with Random Finite Set (RFS) and Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter with its Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) implementation. Self Organizing Map (SOM) and its learning algorithm have been combined to the framework as a post-process of the state estimation by SMC-PHD filter in order to classify the unlabelled set of particles, i.e. state estimation result, into structured knowledge of the scene. Synthetic and real video image experiments demonstrate preliminary results of the proposed method.
Design and Performance Optimization of Novel Core–Shell Dopingless GAA-Nanotube TFET With Si0.5Ge0.5-Based Source

In this article, two nanotube structures have been proposed: namely, core–shell dopingless nanotube tunnel field effect transistor (CS-DL-NT-TFET) and Si<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub> source CS-DL-NT-TFET. The application of charge-plasma (CP) technique in their designing offers a fabrication advantage, which is the elimination of doping. Performance analysis of the two nanotube structures has been carried out on the basis of RF and analog parameters such as their transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), transfer characteristics (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {GS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), output conductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{{\text {ds}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), output characteristics (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {DS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), cut-off frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and gate capacitance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{{\text {gg}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, the two devices have also been investigated for linearity and reliability based on parameters such as higher-order transconductances (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{{\textit {m3}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{{\textit {m2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), distortions [second-order harmonic distortion (HD2)], interception points [third-order input interception point (IIP3), second-order voltage interception point (VIP2), and third-order voltage interception point (VIP3)], and intermodulation distortion [third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3)]. Based on the analysis of different parameters, the Si<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub> source CS-DL-NT-TFET was observed to have achieved an improved performance as compared to its Si-source counterpart due to a lower energy bandgap, higher mobility, and lower tunneling mass. The proposed device is optimized to maintain the uniformity of the induced CP within the source/drain regions. The optimized architecture enhances the device performance by attaining an average subthreshold slope of 31.38 mV/dec with a higher ON-current.
Using Superlattice Structure in the Source of GNRFET to Improve Its Switching Performance

Our aim is to improve the switching performance of the graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs), exploiting the concept of energy filtering. Within the proposed scheme, a superlattice (SL) structure is used in the source of the transistor for filtering high-energy electron tail by engineering the density of states (DOS). According to simulation results, this can significantly decrease the OFF-current and the subthreshold swing (SS). A comparison of the proposed device with a conventional GNRFET and a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) tunneling field-effect transistor (GNRTFET) demonstrates a significant improvement. Therefore, a typical SL-GNRFET can reduce the average and the minimum of the SS to 44.6 and 12.5 mV/dec, respectively, at room temperature. Moreover, in order to optimize the proposed structure, the effects of the SL geometrical parameters on the transistor characteristics are numerically investigated.
Simultaneous Multiuser Beam Training Using Adaptive Hierarchical Codebook for mmWave Massive MIMO

In this paper, a simultaneous multiuser hierarchical beam training scheme for multiuser mmWave massive MIMO systems is proposed based on the designed adaptive hierarchical codebook. Different from the existing work sequentially performing the beam training for different users with the same hierarchical codebook, in our work the hierarchical codebook is designed in an adaptive manner, where the codewords in the current layer are designed according to the beam training results of the previous layer. In particular, multi-mainlobe codewords are designed for simultaneously beam training with all the users, where each mainlobe of the multi-mainlobe codeword covers a spatial region that one or more users are probably in. Except for the bottom layer, there are only two codewords at each layer in the designed adaptive hierarchical codebook, which only requires two times of simultaneous beam training for all the users no matter how many users the BS serves. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our scheme and show that our scheme can approach the performance of the beam scanning but with considerable reduction in training overhead.
A Combined DPWM Based on DSOGI-FLL for Switching-Loss Reduction and Dead-Time Compensation

High efficiency and high output power quality of converters are always two goals pursued in power electronic systems. In this paper, the conventional discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) for switching-loss reduction and a modified time-based dead-time compensation for reducing output current harmonics are investigated. And a combined DPWM for switching-loss reduction and dead-time compensation is proposed, where the amplitude adjustment and the zero-sequence injection in modulation waves are carried out separately in different current intervals related to polarities of three-phase currents. Moreover, in order to detect accurate polarities of the three-phase currents with ripples and harmonics, the second-order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (DSOGI-FLL) is adopted and inserted into the combined DPWM. Finally, a combined DPWM based on DSOGI-FLL is proposed for switching-loss reduction and dead-time compensation. The comparison of experimental results with several PWM schemes verifies that, the proposed PWM scheme can both effectively reduce the switching loss and compensate the dead-time, simultaneously enhancing the efficiency and the output power quality of the converter.
Integrated Online Framework for Waste Management

Presently, there is rapid growth in waste due to urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. There must be required an appropriate waste management technique for saving the environment and natural resources through proper recycling mechanism. Waste is waste and it must be properly treated regardless of its type like E-waste, solid waste, bio-medical waste, etc. In this paper, we have proposed an online integrated framework to manage the all kinds of waste. The main module of the proposed work is Customer, Kabadi, Organization, Dealer and Recycler. In this framework, traditional ‘kabadi wala’ is acting as a modern way to collect the waste from home and deposit to the collector. The collector will collect the waste from the ‘kabadi wala’ and organization, and deposit it to the Recycler. This complete process is performed in just one click on ‘KabadiTechno.com’ that will reduce the processing time, efforts, cost and increase the efficiency of waste management.
cSFC: Building Credible Service Function Chain on the Cloud

To reduce the management costs, outsourcing network function (NF) to the cloud becomes prevalent in enterprises. This trend is increasing with the advent of network function virtualization (NFV). However, such outsourcing cannot guarantee the order and security of service function chains(SFCs) as the cloud is susceptible to attacks. In this paper, we introduce credible SFC (cSFC), a practical scheme to build secure service function chains on the untrusted cloud, cooperating with encrypted transport protocols. cSFC simultaneously shields NFs from an untrusted cloud and preserves the order of SFC sequence. Meanwhile, this scheme supports a wide range of NF functionalities and preserves the privacy of session data. We implement the cSFC prototype, and the evaluation result shows that it is practical with acceptable performance.
Non-contact Assesment of Perypheral Hemodynamics by Using Video Plethysmography

In recent years, video plethysmography (VPG) which is pulse wave derived from the skin video image has attracted attention as a non-contact heart rate measurement technique. In this study, we propose an extraction method of VPG which can be used for arterial pulse waveform analysis. The extraction algorithm is based on periodic component analysis. The value of the second derivative analysis of palm VPG derived by proposed method had correlation with that of finger plethysmography (PPG). This results indicate the possibility of the non-contact evaluation of peripheral vascular function by VPG.
A Multi-detector Solution Towards an Accurate and Generalized Detection of Face Morphing Attacks

Face morphing attack images are built to be verifiable to multiple identities. Associating such images to identity documents leads to building faulty identity links, causing vulnerabilities in security critical processes. Recent works have studied the face morphing attack detection performance over variations in morphing approaches, pointing out low generalization. This work introduces a multi-detector fusion solution that aims at gaining both, accuracy and generalization over different morphing types. This is performed by fusing classification scores produced by detectors trained on databases with variations in morphing type and image pairing protocols. This work develop and evaluate the proposed solution along with baseline solutions by building a database with three different pairing protocols and two different morphing approaches. This proposed solution successfully lead to decreasing the Bona Fide Presentation Classification Error Rate at 1.0% Attack Presentation Classification Error Rate from 15.7% and 3.0% of the best performing single detector to 2.7% and 0.0%, respectively on two face morphing techniques, pointing out a highly generalized performance.
Software Aging Analysis and Prediction Using AKNN Algorithm

Distributed server's are used in every IT Firm and all the online-local and global communication today is greatly dependent on them. Therefore these servers undergo continuous usage round the clock, As a result of which performance of these servers degrades resulting to software aging. Software aging is the phenomenon that affects the performance of a software system drastically, thereby degrading it when functioning in a long running state. This is generally caused by factors like exhaustion or inappropriate use of system resources, the accumulation of internal errors and so on. In this paper, we are predicting software aging so that necessary precautionary measures can be taken before the server performance is actually affected. This work demonstrates a prediction model by taking NASA server log dataset information as an input. By the use of Modified Apriori and KNN Algorithm (AKNN) together, we are able to identify the number of anomalies successfully. This module fetches necessary information which includes: all the Host ID's that are facing anomaly, along with their respective failure percentages. Greater the failure rates more are the servers prone to aging. Results are discussed using graphical representations. The graphical representations include the sessions queried, Latency, total session duration and finally the number of anomalies detected with respect to computational time. Hence the proposed work combines two algorithms, and successfully predicts aging in a server with better accuracy and faster computational time.
A 2.4-to-4 GHz VCO Achieving -137dB c/Hz Phase Noise at 1MHz Offset in 28 nm CMOS

This paper presents a low noise NMOS-only LC-VCO. A tail inductor and a center-tapped spiral inductor are utilized to suppress noise. A wide tuning range is achieved with the help of a switched capacitor bank. Based on the post-layout simulation results, the VCO exhibits a wide turning range from 2.4GHz to 4GHz, and a low phase noise from -132dBc/Hz to -137dBc/Hz at 1MHz frequency offset over the whole operating frequency, which is 10dB better than the conventional VCOs without tail inductor. It consumes minimum 42.8mW and maximum 58.6mW from a 1.8V supply and the VCO core occupies 0.15mm2 total area in 28nm CMOS process technology.
Speech Source Discrimination Method for Plural Voice User Interfaces Environment

Voice user interface (VUI), which enables users to control devices such as smart speakers and smartphones by voice, is becoming more popular. However, in an environment where there are plural VUI devices nearby, VUI devices have a problem of mis-respond to playback voices from other devices, such as another VUI device's response voices, narration voices, handsfree telephone voices, and so on. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a speech source discrimination method for plural VUIs environment using convolutional neural network (CNN). In this method, we used mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) features, that is used especially for speech signal processing, as the input features for the CNN. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the proposed method can discriminate the speech source of voices of the same speakers and sentences to the training data between four kinds of the speech sources, i.e. direct voice, playback voice, and synthesized voice, with 97.5 % accuracy. In addition, we improved the discrimination accuracy of the speech source of different speakers and sentences with the method of speech data split.
Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer System with Efficiency Tracking for Dual-band Applications

Near-field dual-band wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can be compatible with distinct operating bands. Several systems are available with different architectures, such as multi-coil module or repeater-based coil module. However, their efficiencies become smaller when the coupling among coils change. In this work a dual-band WPT system with efficiency-tracking circuits-boost converters is proposed to obtain higher efficiency under dynamic-coupling applications. The simulation results show that the efficiency can be increased by 5-25% at 6.78 MHz and 13.56 MHz when the receiver coils are deviated from the optimal positions.
Modified Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Sensorless Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbines based on Fuzzy Logic Control

This paper presents a modified adaptive sliding mode controller (MASMC) to control the machine side converter of sensorless direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind Turbines. The MASMC is applied to control the components of stator currents in the synchronous reference frame of PMSG. The proposed MASMC involves two integral switching functions for controlling direct and quadrature stator currents components. Moreover, a modified adaptive sliding mode observer (MSMO) has been implemented in order to estimate the rotor position and speed. In the MASMC, the low pass filter in the conventional sliding mode observer (SMO) has been eliminated in order to eliminate its problems. The parameters of MSMC have been adapted based on the fuzzy logic to overcome the poor dynamic performance of the constant parameters. In order to test the proposed control scheme, simulations using MATLAB/Simulink have been carried out. Moreover, the validation of the proposed controller has been done by comparing its performance with the performance of PI controller. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.