Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Roughness Coefficient Using a Representative Grain Diameter for Han Stream in Jeju Island

Roughness coefficient was computed for review of applicability based on measurement of the representative grain diameter reflecting channel characteristics of Han Stream. After field survey, collection of bed material, and grain analysis on the collected bed material, roughness coefficient was computed using representative grain and existing empirical equation for roughness coefficient. Value of roughness coefficient calculated using equation by Meyer-Peter and Muller (1948) was 0.0417 for upstream, 0.0432 for midstream, and 0.0493 for downstream. As a result of comparing the computed roughness coefficient to other empirical equations for review of applicability, the coefficient was larger in Strickler (1923) equation by 0.006. Smaller coefficient was shown by Planning Report for River Improvement Works. Equation by Garde and Raju (1978) was larger by 0.004, and equations by Lane and Carlson (1953) and by Meyer-Peter and Muller (1948) were larger by 0.001. Such precise roughness coefficient is extremely important when computing the amount of flood in rivers to prevent destruction of downstream embankments and property damages from flooding. Since roughness coefficient is a factor determined by complicated elements and differs according to time and space, continued management of roughness coefficient in rivers and streams is deemed necessary.
The costs and implications of inter-firm tourism collaboration in remote area tourism

Objectives of Study Relatively small and remote destinations such as the Northern Territory rely heavily on public–private sector cooperation for a large range of marketing and planning activities. Destination organisations generally see it as part of their role to enhance collaborative partnerships related to such activities, but are concerned about the representativeness, inclusiveness and sometimes weak levels of participation in such ventures. Collaboration can be defined as ‘a process of joint decision making among key stakeholders of a problem domain about the future of that domain’. It means working together and may involve joint activities.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel Heterocyclic Candidates via Michael Addition Involving 4-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic Acid

This paper discusses the utility of 4-(4-acetamidophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid as a key starting material for the preparation of a novel series of pyridazinones, thiazoles derivatives, and other heterocycles via interaction with nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles under Michael addition conditions and studies the antimicrobial activities of some of these compounds.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Guanidine Organocatalysts Bearing a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Framework and Their Evaluation in Michael Addition Reactions

The simple and practical syntheses of chiral guanidine organocatalysts and their evaluation in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of malonates and beta-keto esters with nitro-olefins is reported. These organocatalysts are the first of their kind based on a tetrahydroisoquinoline framework. In addition, a microwave-assisted procedure for introducing the guanidine unit onto amino amide derivatives is reported. The chiral products were obtained with quantitative chemical efficiency (up to 99 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee).
A novel structure of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) stabilized by MoS2 nanotubes

The first polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–MoS2 nanotube based nanocomposites have been prepared. The structure of the nanocomposite is discussed based on electron microscopy, X-ray and atomic force microscopy studies. The results indicate that the well-dispersed MoS2 nanotubes are efficiently incorporated into the polymer matrix. The polymer–nanotube interaction stabilizes a novel 2b stacking within the γ-phase, as confirmed by X-ray and AFM measurements, which represents a new PVDF crystal structure. Annealing of the PVDF–MoS2 nanotube films at 110 °C during polymer crystallization leads to a completely relaxed α-phase with the nanotubes forming the nucleation centres for crystallization of the dendritic α-phase.
Limitations to photosynthesis inCoffea canephoraas a result of nitrogen and water availability

Summary Plants of C. canephora grown in pots under low nitrogen (LN) or high nitrogen (HN) applications were submitted to either cyclic water stress or daily irrigation. Water deficit led to marked decreases in net carbon assimilation rate (A) and, to a lesser extent, in stomatal conductance (gs), regardless of the N treatments. In well-watered plants, A appreciably increased in HN plants relative to LN plants without significant changes in gs. As a whole, changes in internal CO2 concentration predominantly reflected changes in A rather than in gs. Under irrigated conditions, A, but not gs, correlated with leaf N concentration in a curvilinear way. Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency was considerably low, and decreased with increasing leaf N concentration. Limited N, but not water, slightly decreased the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII). Under continuous irrigation, LN plants had a smaller quantum yield of electron transport (ϕPSII) through slight decreases of photochemical quenching (qp) and capture efficiency of excitation energy by open PSII reaction centres, and increases in Stern-Volmer non-photochemical quenching. Under water-stressed conditions, changes in PSII photochemistry were apparent only in HN plants, with a 25 % decrease in ϕPSII, due mainly to variations in qp. Biochemical constraints, rather than stomatal or photochemical limitations, provoked the decreases in A under limited supply of either N or water.
Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Agricultural Products and Food Analysis: A Review

Abstract Raman spectroscopy has been gaining popularity as an analytical tool due to advances in development of Raman spectrometry and the power of personal computers. Due to to its narrow and highly resolved bands, Raman spectroscopy allows for nondestructive extraction of chemical and physical information about samples and aids in rapid on-line analysis without any special sample preparation. In this review, Raman spectroscopic techniques such as dispersive Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy are briefly introduced. In addition, applications of Raman spectroscopy are explored, within various fields of agricultural products and food, including fruits and vegetables, crops, meat and dairy products, oil, as well as beverages. In addition, some discussion on the importance of Raman spectroscopy as fundamental and applied research of agricultural products and food is provided.
Fast rise time x-ray pre-ionization source using a corona plasma cathode

X-ray pulses with rise times shorter than 10 ns and high peak power have been generated using a corona plasma cathode as a fast low-inductance switch. The X-ray generator has been developed as a pre-ionization source for a XeCl laser system and can be used at a repetition rate of a few hundred hertz. A technique to determine the electron density produced by the pre-ionizer is also described.
10-Gbps Direct Modulation Using a 1.31-µm Ridge Waveguide Laser on an InGaAs Ternary Substrate

We have realized a high-performance ridge waveguide laser diode on an InGaAs ternary substrate. To improve the thermal conductivity, we chose a low indium content (In: 0.13) InGaAs substrate and realized a 1.31-µm emission using highly strained InGaAs multiple-quantum-wells. The improved thermal conductivity of the substrate enables continuous wave operation even with a reduced ridge width and a short cavity length (L = 200 µm). These improvements led to the first demonstration of a 10-Gbps data transmission using a laser on an InGaAs ternary substrate.
Biophysics : An Introduction

Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Chemical Binding. 3. Energies, Forces and Bonds. 4. Rates of Reaction. 5. Transport Processes. 6. Some Techniques and Methods. 7. Biological Polymers. 8. Biological Membranes. 9. Biological Energy. 10. Movement of Organisms. 11. Excitable Membranes. 12. Nerve Signals. 13. Memory. 14. Control of Movement. Appendix A: Elements of Quantum Mechanics. Appendix B: The Hydrogen Atom. Appendix C: Thermal Motion. Appendix D: Probability Distributions. Appendix E: Differential Equations. Name Index. Subject Index.
A synchrotron radiation micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure study of sulfur speciation in human brain tumors—a methodological approach

Sulfur stands out among non-metallic elements essential to life. In biological systems sulfur exists in various oxidation states, but the most significant role in biochemical processes is played by sulfane sulfur. In this work sulfur speciation in brain tumors was studied using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The comparison of full XANES spectra measured inside the tumor cell, outside the cell and on its periphery with the XANES profiles of reference materials containing sulfur compounds shows that in all the examined tissue sites, sulfur is in the 2− oxidation state. However, special emphasis is placed on the experimental and methodological aspects of two-dimensional imaging of chemical forms of sulfur in tissue sections. It was found that after changing the photon energy of the exciting radiation beam, not only did a permanent shift of its position in the XY plane occur, but also a change in the beam incidence angle on the sample. Therefore procedures to eliminate these effects in imaging the distribution of chemical forms of sulfur, using a synchrotron radiation microprobe, are also shown. The results allowed for the identification of the presence of sulfur in 2−, 4+ and 6+ oxidation states in various tissue structures.
E-excimer and Y-type luminescence of perylene dimers in a Langmuir-Blodgett film at 1.5 K

In this paper, E-excimer and Y-type luminescence of perylene dimers in a Langmuir-Blodgett film appear to represent excimer formation in sandwich dimers in the absence of crystalline order. Y-emission has a very weak temperature dependence. E-emission can be generated through the partially forbidden transition to the lowest excited dimer state. 24 refs., 6 figs.
Assessment of the Functionality of the Back-to-back Conformation of the SecYEG

Approximately 30% of proteins produced in E. coli are translocated through the universally conserved SecYEG channel, either for co-translational insertion into the cytoplasmic membrane, or post-translational secretion into the periplasm or outer membrane. The oligomerization state of the active SecYEG complex is unknown and controversial, as many studies support either a monomer, or a back-to-back or front-to-front dimer, depending on the conditions of the experiment. A recent study by Park et al. (2012) employing an OmpA-GFP chimera to jam SecYEG at an intermediate stage of translocation to simulate ongoing protein transport shows that active translocation conditions favor the SecYEG monomer. However, this study measured levels of dimerization by disulfide cross-linking, which is quite specific and may be affected by conformational changes associated with translocation, thereby losing its ability to detect dimers. Utilizing this OmpAGFP chimera and the more promiscuous cross-linker
Effect of chicken manure application and plant deleafing on soil characteristics and dwarf plantain (Musa AAB) production

Plantains are produced in the mountainous region of Puerto Rico and are grown in highly weathered soils of low fertility and high degradation potential. Alternatives to mitigate soil degradation include the application of chicken manure and the placement of deleafed sigatoka-infected leaves on top of the soil (deleafing). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chicken manure and deleafing on soil properties and plantain productivity. The experiment was conducted in a Dagüey soil series at the Agricultural Experiment Substation in Corozal, Puerto Rico. The treatments were: 1) 25 ton/ha chicken manure; 2) deleafing; 3) chicken manure + deleafing; and 4) control. Chicken manure was applied before planting, and leaves from deleafing were placed on the soil only in deleafing treatments. The application of chicken manure significantly increased soil aggregate stability, soil available phosphorous and nitrates. Also, plant growth and plantain yield increased with manure applications, and the days to flowering and harvest were reduced. There were no effects neither on soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity nor on organic matter content. No significant difference in runoff volume was observed, but sediment load in runoff decreased. The deleafed leaves decreased soil penetration resistance.
CoCAL -- Constructive Conversation Analysis: Applications to Therapeutic Settings (White Paper)

This paper presents theory and practice of Constructive Conversation Analysis, when applied into therapeutic settings—such as psychotherapeutic, counseling and assessment sessions, client-therapist interactions or even client’s written memoirs. In particular, through the individuation of the linguistic construction, it is possible to put in evidence the felicity conditions of the speech act and hence to facilitate the setting itself, e.g., obtaining conversations free from obstacles and misunderstandings. The results of the analysis performed by the linguist let the therapist to assess—or repair—the therapeutic alliance with the client in order to let emerge insights, ‘good hours’, restructurations, more quickly and precisely. Finally, if applied to more case studies, e.g., different clients, it can improve the therapist’s conversational style in the therapeutic interaction as well as the comprehension of clients’ memoirs.
Electrochemical synthesis and magnetoresistance properties of Ni, Co and Co/Cu nanowires in a nanoporous anodic oxide layer on metallic aluminium

The layer thickness of anodized aluminium oxide was controlled by anodization time and voltage to obtain templates with the desired pore-length . The barrier layer at the pore bottom of anodized aluminium templates was chemically etched to make good electrical contacts for nanowires electrodeposited in the pores thus formed on metallic aluminium substrates. Ni and Co homogeneous nanowires and Co/Cu multilayered nanowires were fabricated in the anodized aluminium templates using the electrodeposition technique and also in ion-track etched polycarbonate templates for comparison. The thicknesses of the Cu- and Co-rich layers were controlled in the range of 5 to 15 nm by varying each deposition time. Ni and Co homogeneous nanowires in aluminium templates showed typical anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) of around 1.0%. Co/Cu multilayered nanowires in aluminium templates reached a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of 20% in current perpendicular to the plane geometry.
'Green' Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Grape (Vitis vinifera) Fruit Extract: Characterization of the Particles and Study of Antibacterial Activity

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a growing area for research due to its potentiality in the application and development of advanced technologies. In general, nanoparticles are synthesized by using chemical methods which are not eco-friendly. Here, we have used a fast, convenient and environment-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reducing silver nitrate with fruit extract of grape (Vitis vinifera). Characterization of the metallic nanoparticles was done by UV- Vis Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The particle size and lattice image of the silver nanoparticles was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was studied against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Growth curves of bacteria in presence of silver nanoparticles showed inhibition of growth suggesting antibacterial property of the nanoparticles.
Aluminium borate whiskers grafted with boric acid containing poly(ether ether ketone) as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of poly(ether ether ketone) composites

A new soluble boron-containing poly(ether ether ketone) (B-PEEK) was synthesized through iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation of soluble meta-poly(ether ether ketone) and grafted on the surface of aluminum borate whiskers as the coupling agent between the whiskers and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrix. The grafted aluminum borate whisker (g-W) reinforced PEEK composites were then prepared via a melt blending method. The coupling effect of B-PEEK was investigated by the interface micromorphology analysis and performance evaluation of PEEK composites. After grafting treatment with B-PEEK, aluminum borate whiskers were found to be dispersed evenly in the PEEK matrix without apparent aggregation. Ascribed to the strong interaction between whisker grafted chains and the PEEK matrix, g-W/PEEK composites show better mechanical properties and izod impact strength, higher crystallization temperature and crystalline fraction (χc) than those composites without grafting modification, indicating B-PEEK is an effective coupling reagent for PEEK and aluminum borate whiskers.
Hydration of Acetylene: A 125th Anniversary

The year 2006 is the 125th anniversary of a chemical reaction, the discovery of which by Mikhail Kucherov had a profound effect on the development of industrial chemistry in the 19�20th centuries. This was the hydration of alkynes catalyzed by mercury ions that made possible industrial production of acetaldehyde from acetylene. Historical circumstances of this discovery and subsequent events are discussed.
Concentration Dependence of a Diffusion Coefficient at Phosphorus Diffusion in Germanium

Phosphorus diffusion into germanium is carried out at 600°–750°C by using red phosphorus powder as a diffusion source. Source temperatures are maintained at 240° and 430°C, corresponding to low and high surface concentrations, respectively. At low surface concentration, , concentration profiles agree well with the erfc curves, showing the behavior of Fick's law. While at high surface concentration, , profiles deviate from the erfc curves. Diffusion coefficients depend both on the local and surface concentrations, representing the same result as that of phosphorus diffusion into silicon.
Point-of-Use Sampling and Metal Analysis for Trichlorosilane

Highly reactive gases, such as trichlorosilane and hydrogen chloride, are crucial reagents in many semiconductor fabrication processes. The continuing challenge in delivering such gases to the point-of-use is to avoid contamination of the gases by metallic corrosion byproducts from tubing and components. Gas line corrosion results from intrusion of air or moisture due to leaks, cylinder change-outs, purifier exhaustion, or human error. When metal contamination is detected at the wafer, reactive gas delivery lines, along with the source cylinder, are often the first suspects in the investigation. Typical responses to metal contamination events include source cylinder replacement, change-out of expensive components or even whole sections of the gas delivery hardware, as well as timeconsuming test wafer production and analysis. What is lacking is a flexible, safe method for reactive gas sample collection that can be used to isolate the contamination source in a distribution system. This paper describes a point-of-use (POU) sampling/offsite analysis method for quantification of metal impurities in trichlorosilane (TCS). The sampling method described here is based on hydrolysis of TCS in aqueous HF. Analysis of metal impurities in the hydrolysis solution is achieved by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Presented are results of laboratory sampling method development tests. Method detection limits are compared against typical TCS purity specifications. In addition, TCS hydrolysis chemistry is explained along with its impact on quantitative data analysis.
Effect of Local Temperature on the Detecting for Pulse Wave of Local Blood Volume

Objective) Temperature of a subject's external body parts is an interference condition in pulse wave of local blood volume measurement. It is necessary to rule it out. By changing the influence factors, an experiment to research the effect of temperature of subjected part in pulse wave of local blood volume measurement was carried out. (Methods) When the 32 experimenters' left middle finger temperature fall below to 20°C, pulse wave of local blood volume would be recorded detected in real-time until the temperature returned to the measured values before the experiment (Results) While the temperature of subjected part ranged from 26°C to 31°C, the parameters of K', K1', K2' and the amplitude of pulse wave remain basically unchanged. (Conclusion) As a result of the research data, it is stipulated that the pulse wave of local blood volume can be measured only if the finger temperature is in the range of 26-31°C.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF LEAF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM IN RELATION TO TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS

The leaves, barks, flowers, fruits and seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum are widely used in traditional practices. Here in the present study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant potential of leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. inophyllum in relation to total phenol and flavonoid contents. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and ferric (Fe +3 ) reducing power was analyzed for antioxidant activity. The total phenol content was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and flavonoid content was estimated spectrophotometrically (AlCl3) and calculated as tannic acid and quercetin equivalent respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging and Ferric (Fe +3 ) reducing the power of the leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts were increased with the increasing extract concentrations. Leaf methanolic extract of C. inophyllum (LMECI) showed more free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than the leaf aqueous extract of C. inophyllum (LAECI). Total phenol contents of aqueous and methanolic extracts were 97± 9.2 and 140.28± 17.1 mg/g respectively. Flavonoid contents of the aqueous and methanolic extracts were 88.94±2.94 and 177.06±5.29 mg/g respectively. The present study exhibited that the leaf methanolic extract of C. inophyllum have more free radical scavenging and reducing power than that of the aqueous extract. It may be due to the presence of relatively more total phenol and flavonoid contents in the leaf methanolic extract.
Analysis of the small-angle intensity scattered by a porous and granular medium

Using X-ray scattering over a large range of scattering vectors, it is shown how to measure both the pore volume fraction and pore specific surface of an assembly of porous grains forming a powder. Depending on the presence or not of solvent in the inner pores and in the intergranular media, the scattered signal per unit volume of solid or per unit volume of grain are introduced, which allow a complete analysis even when the thickness of the layer and its compactness are unknown. The method is applied to three different systems presenting a well defined Porod regime at large scattering vector.