Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Position Routing Using Ad hoc Network

Position aided routing protocols can offer a significant performance increase over traditional ad hoc routing protocols. These routing protocols use geographical information to make forwarding decisions, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of routing messages. However, current position aided routing protocols were not designed for use in high-risk environments, as position information is broadcasted in the clear allowing anyone within range, including the enemy, to receive. We study methods of protecting position information in MANET routing protocols, and ways to use the position information to enhance performance and security of MANET routing protocols. We introduce "secure position aided ad hoc routing" (SPAAR), a routing protocol designed to use protected position information to improve security, efficiency, and performance in MANET routing.
Automata Processor Architecture and Applications: A Survey

Finite automata-based algorithms are becoming increasingly important for a wide range of application domains to process large volumes of unstructured data. Current processor technologies are not well suited to accelerate massively parallel operations related to the search and analysis of complex and unstructured data streams pattern identification problems. Hardware designers are exploring new processing technologies to accelerate pattern identification problems. One such technology is the recently introduced Micron Automata Processor (AP), which is a novel and powerful reconfigurable non-von Neumann processor that can be used for direct implementation of multiple Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFAs) running concurrently on the same input stream. AP has a linear-scalable, two-dimensional MISD (Multiple Instruction Single Data) fabric comprised of thousands of interconnected small processing elements called State Transition Elements (STEs) to analyze complex data streams simultaneously to accelerate solving massively complex problems. The AP is promising future technology which provides new operations and new avenues for exploiting parallelism to accelerate the growing and important class of automata-based algorithms. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art in automata processor based hardware accelerators. We describe AP hardware architecture, its programming environments, summarize its current successful applications in a wide range of diverse fields and explore future research trends and opportunities in this increasingly important area of automata computing paradigm.
Empathy in palliative care: a biological inheritance.

358 British Journal of Community Nursing Vol 18, No 7 © 2 01 3 M A H ea lt hc ar e Lt d Community nurses play a crucial role in the provision of palliative care throughout the UK. Among many other important components of their role, empathy, which involves providing emotional care and support to dying patients and those important to them, is a central and sensitive aspect of their work. Empathy is a critical component of the social intelligence needed for such support and is popularly associated with the ability to identify with the emotional experiences of others. When offered appropriately, empathy can help others to continue living their lives with enhanced quality of life and dignity in dying. The origins of empathy and its development in humans are not clear, but the fact that empathy is considered such a crucial component of the care theory (Noddings, 2002) necessitates further exploration here.
A single high dose of idarubicin combined with high‐dose ARA‐C for treatment of first relapse in childhood ‘high‐risk’ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a study of the AIEOP group

Summary. The outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and early relapse remains unsatisfactory. In January 1995, the AIEOP (Associazione Italiana di Oncologia ed Ematologia Pediatrica) group opened a trial for children with ALL in first isolated or combined bone marrow relapse defined at high risk according to the length of first remission and the immunophenotype. The treatment plan included the combination of a single high‐dose idarubicin and high‐dose cytarabine as induction therapy followed by an intensive consolidation and stem cell transplant (SCT). In total, 100 children from 16 Italian centres were enrolled; 80 out of the 99 evaluable patients (81%) achieved second complete remission; eight (8%) died during induction and 11 (11%) failed to respond. A total of 42 out of the 80 responders (52·5%) received a SCT: 19 from an identical sibling, 11 from a matched unrelated donor and 12 from umbilical cord blood cells. The estimated 4‐year overall survival and event‐free survival were 25% and 21% respectively. Disease‐free survival at 4 years was 25·8% for the 80 responders. At 4 years, 39 out of 100 children remain alive, with 27 of them free of leukaemia. This induction therapy has shown antileukaemic efficacy with acceptable toxicity; moreover, all responders proved eligible for intensive consolidation.
Analysis of the regulatory motifs in eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) phosphorylates proteins such as eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) and the S6 kinases. These substrates contain short sequences, termed TOR signalling (TOS) motifs, which interact with the mTORC1 component raptor. Phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 requires an additional feature, termed the RAIP motif (Arg–Ala–Ile–Pro). We have analysed the interaction of 4E‐BP1 with raptor and the amino acid residues required for functional RAIP and TOS motifs, as assessed by raptor binding and the phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 in human cells. Binding of 4E‐BP1 to raptor strongly depends on an intact TOS motif, but the RAIP motif and additional C‐terminal features of 4E‐BP1 also contribute to this interaction. Mutational analysis of 4E‐BP1 reveals that isoleucine is a key feature of the RAIP motif, that proline is also very important and that there is greater tolerance for substitution of the first two residues. Within the TOS motif, the first position (phenylalanine in the known motifs) is most critical, whereas a wider range of residues function in other positions (although an uncharged aliphatic residue is preferred at position three). These data provide important information on the structural requirements for efficient signalling downstream of mTORC1.
Neural network based receiver design for Software Defined Radio over unknown channels

In communication systems, the channel noise is assumed to be white and Gaussian distributed. Therefore, in general practical systems, optimum receiver structure designed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is employed. However, in wireless communication systems, noise is often caused by a strong interferer, which is colored in nature. Color of the noise is defined as the variation in power spectral density in the frequency domain. Designing the optimum receiver for different channel models is difficult and not reasonable because channel model is not known at the receiver and channel statistics are needed. In this paper, we propose neural network (NN) based approach to demodulate the transmitted signal over unknown channels. Simulation results in various signal environments are presented to the performance of the proposed system. It is shown that the proposed approach has the same performance with the conventional demodulator structure for AWGN channels while it has clear advantage for unknown channel models.
Characterization of Contributing Factors to Variability in Morphine Clearance Through PBPK Modeling Implemented With OCT1 Transporter

Morphine shows large interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics; however, the cause of this has not been fully addressed. The variability in morphine disposition is considered to be due to a combination of pharmacogenetic and physiological determinants related to morphine disposition. We previously reported the effect of organic cation transporter (OCT1) genotype on morphine disposition in pediatric patients. To further explore the underlying mechanisms for variability arising from relevant determinants, including OCT1, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of morphine was developed. The PBPK model predicted morphine concentration‐time profiles well, in both adults and children. Almost all of the observed morphine clearances in pediatric patients fell within a twofold range of median predicted values for each OCT1 genotype in each age group. This PBPK modeling approach quantitatively demonstrates that OCT1 genotype, age‐related growth, and changes in blood flow as important contributors to morphine pharmacokinetic (PK) variability.
A localization algorithm using space information for indoor wireless sensor networks

Localization algorithms are required for indoor wireless sensor network (WSN) applications because the identification of real positions can upgrade the importance of sensing information. In this paper, we introduce a efficient algorithm which can improve the accuracy of location identification by employing jumper setting at each sensor. The proposed algorithm perform localization more accurately than trilateration and faster than multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results from a MATLAB simulation show the outperformance of the proposed algorithm.
The Glut 1 Glucose Transporter Interacts with Calnexin and Calreticulin*

Calnexin is an integral membrane protein that acts as a chaperone during glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cross-linking studies were carried out with the aim of investigating the interactions of calnexin with glycoproteins in vitro. A truncated version of the integral membrane glycoprotein Glut 1 (GT155) was synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte translation system in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomes. Following immunoprecipitation with an anticalnexin antiserum, a cross-linker-independent association was observed between GT155 and calnexin. In addition, the anti-calnexin antiserum immunoprecipitated a UV-dependent cross-linking product consisting of GT155 and a protein of approximately 60 kDa designated CAP-60 (calnexin-associated protein of 60 kDa). Both the GT155-calnexin and the GT155-CAP-60 interactions were dependent on the presence of a correctly modified oligosaccharide group on GT155, a characteristic of many calnexin interactions. A GT155 mutant that was not glycosylated (AGGT155) did not associate with calnexin or CAP-60. Calreticulin, the soluble homologue of calnexin, was also shown to interact with GT155 only when the protein bore a correctly modified oligosaccharide group. Thus, our data show that both calnexin and calreticulin with Glut 1 in a glycosylation-dependent manner.
Photoluminescence study of optically trapped InP semiconductor nanowires

We report on the optical characterisation of single indium phosphide (InP) semiconductor nanowires trapped in a gradient force optical tweezers. Nanowires studies were of zinc blende, wurtzite or mixed phase crystal poly-types and ranged in length from 1 to 10 µm. Our results show that the band-edge emission from the nanowires trapped in solution shows a quenching of the initial intensity with a characteristic time scale of a few seconds. We observe stronger quenching effects in wurtzite nanowires which lead to a modification of the spectral shape in mixed phase nanowires.
Of mice, frogs and flies: Generation of membrane asymmetries in early development

Embryonic development begins with cleavage of the fertilized egg. Cleavage comprises two major processes: cytokinesis and formation of a polarized epithelial cell layer. The focus of this review is comparison of the generation of membrane polarity during embryonic cleavage in three different developmental model systems. In mammalian embryos, as exemplified by analysis of the mouse, generation of distinct membrane domains is uncoupled from cleavage divisions and is initiated in a specific developmental phase, called compaction. In Xenopus laevis embryos, generation of polarized blastomeres occurs simultaneously with cytokinesis. The origin of specific membrane domains of X. laevis polar blastomeres, however, can be traced back to oogenesis. Finally, in Drosophila melanogaster, generation of polarized cells occurs at cellularization. The relevance of cell adhesion, cell junctions and cytocortical scaffolds will be discussed for each of the model systems. Despite enormous morphologic differences, the three models share many common features; in particular, many important molecular interactions are conserved.
The Juxtamembrane, Cytosolic Region of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is Involved in Association with α-Subunit of Gs*

Previously, we have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) can stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity via activation of Gs in the heart. Moreover, we have recently shown that Gsα is phosphorylated by the EGF receptor protein tyrosine kinase and that the juxtamembrane region of the EGF receptor can stimulate Gs directly. Therefore, employing isolated cardiac membranes, the two-hybrid assay, and in vitro association studies with purified EGF receptor and Gsα we have investigated Gsα complex formation with the EGF receptor and elucidated the region in the receptor involved in this interaction. In isolated cardiac membranes, immunoprecipitation of EGF receptor was accompanied by co-immunoprecipitation of Gsα. In the yeast two-hybrid assay, the cytosolic domain of the EGF receptor and the N-terminal 64 amino acids of this region (Met644-Trp707) associated with Gsα. However, interactions of these regions of the EGF receptor with constitutively active Gsα were diminished in the two-hybrid assay. Employing purified proteins, our studies demonstrate that the EGF receptor, directly and stoichiometrically, associates with Gsα (1 mol of Gsα/mol of EGF receptor). This association was not altered in the presence or absence of ATP and therefore, was independent of tyrosine phosphorylation of either of the proteins. Peptides corresponding to the juxtamembrane region of the receptor decreased association of the EGF receptor with Gsα. However, neither the C-terminally truncated EGF receptor (Δ1022-1186) nor a peptide corresponding to residues 985-996 of the receptor altered association with Gsα, thus indicating the selectivity of the G protein interaction with the juxtamembrane region. Interestingly, peptides corresponding to N and C termini of Gsα did not alter the association of Gsα with the EGF receptor. Consistent with the findings from the two-hybrid assay where constitutively active Gsα poorly associated with the EGF receptor, in vitro experiments with purified proteins also demonstrated that activation of Gsα by guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate decreased the association of G protein with the EGF receptor. Thus we conclude that the juxtamembrane region of the EGF receptor, directly and stoichiometrically, associates with Gsα and that upon activation of Gsα this association is decreased.
Wavelet Estimation of THD Based on Hilbert Transform Extraction

In evaluating the quality of waveform energy, Total Harmonic Distortion can be one of the unique testing parameters showing the disturbance effect on pure waveform or regenerated waveform. As harmonics may added to distort the fundamental waveform, the analysis of signal dynamic characteristic and the measurement of harmonics effect on the integrity of the waveform will be study to explore and enhance the testing process. In previous work, Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform algorithms were employed to analyze characteristics of a waveform. In this work, Hilbert Transform in pairs with Wavelet Transform algorithms, that draw a lot of researchers attention, will be investigated as new propose testing technique to identify signal distortion with the effect on the waveform energy and fundamental frequency. This new proposed testing technique will be validated with conventional methods in terms of accuracy, number of collected data samples, and complexity of data compiling.
Effects of low dissolved oxygen on planula settlement, polyp growth and asexual reproduction of Aurelia aurita

Tokyo Bay is one of the most eutrophicated bays in Japan, and mass occurrences of scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita have often been observed with progress of eutrophication. In the coastal environment, the abundance of substrates suitable for A. aurita polyps are obviously increasing by reclamation. However, most suitable substrates for settling, except in the bottom-layer in the innermost part of Tokyo Bay, are occupied by other sessile organisms such as mussels, barnacles or ascidians. The bottom layer is characterized by low DO concentrations (≦2.0 ml O2 L−1) that turn to hypoxia during summer, resulting in low recruitment and low growth of other sessile organisms. To elucidate the mechanism by which mass occurrence of jellyfish occurs, adaptative behavior to hypoxia in planula larvae and the polyp stage was experimentally studied. In the present study, planula settlement was promoted by a decrease in DO concentrations, and apparent growth of polyps and production of daughter polyps by asexual budding were also observed, even in the polyps cultured in hypoxic waters. Moreover A. aurita polyps cultured under hypoxic conditions began strobilation and ephyrae were liberated after the DO concentration levels were restored. It is suggested that the occurrence of hypoxic waters is rather favorable for the survival, growth and asexual reproduction of A. aurita polyps, and it can directly contribute to the consequent production of A. aurita ephyrae in the next spring within Tokyo Bay.
Sexual diversity, social inclusion and HIV/AIDS

Despite a number of programmes to prevent HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and, more generally, sexually diverse populations, gay and other homosexually active men continue to be at heightened risk of HIV and its consequences. This paper analyses some of the reasons for this situation and offers policy and programmatic recommendations to contribute to a solution. The social exclusion of MSM and transgender individuals is an overwhelming reality in the majority of countries worldwide. Although progress has been achieved in some countries, in most of the world the situation remains problematic. Present challenges to equality and to the realization of health, include the membership of groups or subcultures with high HIV prevalence, lower quality and coverage of services and programmes and the impact of higher-level influences such as laws, public policies, social norms and culture, which together configure an environment that is hostile to the integration and needs of certain groups. A social inclusion perspective on HIV prevention and AIDS-related care implies the adoption of strategies to understand and confront social vulnerability. Sexual exclusion intensifies the burden of HIV transmission and morbidity. As part of a comprehensive response there is an urgent need to: (i) improve our understanding of the characteristics and HIV burden among sexually diverse populations; (ii) creatively confront legal, social and cultural factors enhancing sexual exclusion; (iii) ensure the provision of broad-based and effective HIV prevention; (iv) offer adequate care and treatment; and (v) confront special challenges that characterize work with these populations in lower and middle-income countries.
Discovery Association Rules in Time Series of Hydrology

Mining association rules in hydrological time series will help to leverage the hydrological data more effectively and extract insightful information from the data, in this paper an improved method of mining quantitative association rules is proposed to implement the hydrological analysis, as well as the optimization of the rules. The improved clustering method is exploited for discretization in the process of mining quantitative association rules. It requires acquiring the initial cluster centers by sampling, then merging the initial clusters iteratively, meanwhile computing the cost in the process of merging. Then rules are generated from the classical Apriori algorithm for mining association rules. Furthermore, with respect to redundancy of the rules, optimized association rules are discovered according to the rule structure and the hydrological analysis requirements. In this way, the semantic integrity between data and the rationality of rules are guaranteed. Finally, the experiment results indicate the feasibility and practicability to analyze the time series in hydrology.
Montelukast treatment in children with moderately severe atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND Moderately severe atopic dermatitis makes up nearly one-fifth of children with atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and laboratory effects of montelukast in moderately severe atopic dermatitis. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with washout period, conducted from May 2002 to February 2006. The study involved 25 patients, 2-16 years old with dermatitis. Patients received oral montelukast (9 patients, Group B) or placebo (16 patients, Group A) in phase 1, and were crossed over to placebo or montelukast, respectively, for phase 2. Patients included if > 10% of skin was involved and failed response to 2 week conventional treatment. Itching, sleep disturbance, frequency of use of oral antihistamines & topical steroids, severity scores were serially assessed. In addition, eosinophil and serum IgE were serially collected. RESULTS Most of patients were 6-10 years of age. Both groups had comparable gender distribution. The patients in Group B were more likely to have a history of bronchial asthma (55.6%) or allergic rhinitis (33.3%) than patients in Group A, but were less likely to have a positive history of atopy. While on montelukast, there was a reduction of mean score for itching in phase 2, for sleep disturbance in phase 2, for antihistamines in phase 1, for extent-of-disease in phase 1 and 2, and for severity score in phase 2 and blood eosinophil & IgE in phase 2. CONCLUSION Montelukast reduces itching, sleep disturbance, disease extent and severity, blood eosinophil count and serum IgE.