Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ginseng: Keeping Secrets in Registers When You Distrust the Operating System

Many mobile and embedded apps possess sensitive data, or secrets. Trusting the operating system (OS), they often keep their secrets in the memory. Recent incidents have shown that the memory is not necessarily secure because the OS can be compromised due to inevitable vulnerabilities resulting from its sheer size and complexity. Existing solutions protect sensitive data against an untrusted OS by running app logic in the Secure world, a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) supported by the ARM TrustZone technology. Because app logic increases the attack surface of their TEE, these solutions do not work for third-party apps. This work aims to support third-party apps without growing the attack surface, significant development effort, or performance overhead. Our solution, called Ginseng, protects sensitive data by allocating them to registers at compile time and encrypting them at runtime before they enter the memory, due to function calls, exceptions or lack of physical registers. Ginseng does not run any app logic in the TEE and only requires minor markups to support existing apps. We report a prototype implementation based on LLVM, ARM Trusted Firmware (ATF), and the HiKey board. We evaluate it with both microbenchmarks and real-world secret-holding apps. Our evaluation shows Ginseng efficiently protects sensitive data with low engineering effort. For example, a Ginsengenabled web server, Nginx, protects the TLS master key with no measurable overhead. We find Ginseng’s overhead is proportional to how often sensitive data in registers have to be encrypted and decrypted, i.e., spilling and restoring sensitive data on a function call or under high register pressure. As a result, Ginseng is most suited to protecting small sensitive data, like a password or social security number.
Comparing the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Quality of Life of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide which is still highly prevalent despite dramatic medical advances. According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, CVD-related mortality rate in Iran is 46%. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on quality of life (QOL) in patients with CVDs. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. In total, 60 patients with CVDs were recruited. Patients were allocated to the MBSR and CBT groups. Patients in the MBSR and CBT groups received intervention in 8, 2.5-hour sessions. The main outcome was QOL which was measured by the MacNew Quality of Life after Myocardial Infarction (QLMI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software. Results: ANCOVA revealed a significant difference between the MBSR group and CBT group regarding the post-test values of QOL (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that MBSR and CBT are effective in reducing the QOL of patients with CVDs.
A Power Quality Compensator With RenewableEnergy Source Interface Capability Using ActivePower Filter

Renewable energy sources are a reliable alternative to the conventional energy sources. This paper presented an capable of expandable grid-connected distribution generation interconnection of 3 phase 3 wire system for reactive power compensation. The proposed system not only, can control the active power flow but also mitigate the load unbalance and harmonics, and manage reactive power. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. So the performing an active power balance by controlling the RES voltage level for the whole system. With the proposed approach, to shape the grid currents into sinusoidal currents in phase with the grid voltage waveforms and with an amplitude depending on the power available from renewable sources. On the other hand the load harmonics current will reduced by injecting into the alternating current system harmonic currents with an opposite phase.
Interactive comment on “ Characteristics and the origins of the carbonaceous aerosol at a rural site of PRD in summer 2006 ” by W . W

3. Section 3.1The 1.01 slope of the OM/OC correlation suggests that OM=OC, which means that OM is comprised of carbon alone. By definition, OM > OC, because OM also includes elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. OM/OC ratios have been documented in the literature in the range of 1.2 to 2.0 (Bae et al., 2004; Turpin and Lim, 2001). The low end of the range represents emissions with strong primary influence with the high range suggestive of oxygenated or secondary sources. The
Contesting the Bureaucracy

This article explores citizens’ use of administrative hearings to appeal adverse government decisions about their welfare benefits. It draws on interviews with 79 welfare participants and observations of hearings and interviews with administrative law judges in a state in the United States to understand what hearings, and the act of appealing, mean to citizens. I find that beyond individual redress, participants view appealing as an opportunity to expose and repair social injuries and to renegotiate social relationships, social identities and their status as citizens. Their ability to rehabilitate strained social identities and establish their deservingness as citizens is contingent and variable, with hearings sometimes reproducing appellants’ powerlessness and other times allowing for a more positive enactment of citizenship and social status. Over time, participants experience an increase in legal consciousness, using the knowledge of the law and bureaucratic practices they glean from hearings to better navigate the welfare bureaucracy. While this transformation of legal consciousness emphasizes individual gains rather than collective or systemic change, it cultivates a culture of complaining, rather than acquiescing, within the welfare bureaucracy.
Narrow Band Imaging Can Be Used for Anastomotic Assessment

Background: Anastomotic leak is the most dreaded complication and it accounts for one third of post-operative deaths in colorectal surgery. There is strong need of research in this field in order to reduce anastomotic leak rate. If there was a test available to signify probability of leak at the time of surgery, it would potentially avoid a leak at a later date. Aim: We propose that intra operative use of narrow band imaging colonoscopy in left sided colonic anastomosis can predict and detect anastomosis related problems, problems i.e. vascularity, anastomotic lumen patency and rigidness of anastomosis which in turn lead to correction at the time of surgery resulting in significant decrease in anastomotic leak rate associated with morbidity and mortality. Methodology: A pilot, single blind, prospective, randomised controlled trial. Aim is to divide patient in 2 groups, containing 15 patients in each group. One group will be assessed by intra-operative NBI colonoscopy and other with standard technique. Analysis: This will be performed using SPSS with the help of statistician. Significance: This area of research is particularly important because it improves survival by reducing morbidity and mortality associated with anastomotic leak. If a leak is avoided then it does not only mean early recovery but it also saves NHS in terms of ICU care, NHS bed, inpatient nursing care and home help, unfortunately all required if leak is to occur. As a result, this research will have better financial implication with significantly improve patient care.
Modes of Childcare and the Diffi cult Compatibility of Childrearing and Employment in (Western) Germany

This paper analyzes the relationship between children‘s day care and fertility in Germany. First, different modes of childcare are discussed with regard to their availability and costs. We then estimate the impact of having access to public day care and care in social networks on fi rst birth probabilities of western German women in the 1980s and 1990s. The empirical analysis does not reveal any statistically signifi cant effect of childcare availability on fertility. We conclude that the overall institutional constraints of day care in (western) Germany prevent the compatibility of childrearing and employment, thereby forcing women to choose between a continuous employment career or motherhood.
Genomic prediction by considering genotype × environment interaction using different genomic architectures

Abstract In this study, accuracies of genomic prediction across various scenarios were compared using single- trait and multiple-trait animal models to detect genotype × environment (G × E) interaction based on REML method. The simulated high and low linkage disequilibrium (HLD and LLD) genome consisted of 15,000 and 50,000 SNP chip applications with 300 and 600 QTLs controlling the trait of interest. The simulation was done to create the genetic correlations between the traits in 4 environments and heritabilities of the traits were 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 in environments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Two strategies were used to predict the accuracy of genomic selection for cows without phenotypes. In the first strategy, phenotypes for cows in three environments were kept as a training set and breeding values for all animals were estimated using three-trait model. In the second one, only 25, 50 or 75% of records in the fourth environment and all the records in the other three environments were used to predict GBV for non-phenotyped cows in the environment 4. For the first strategy, the highest accuracy of 0.695 was realized in scenario HLD with 600 QTL and 50K SNP chip for the fourth environment and the lowest accuracy of 0.495 was obtained in scenario LLD with 600QTL and 15K SNP chips for the first environment. Generally, the accuracy of prediction increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the number of markers, heritability and the genetic correlation between the traits, but no significant difference was observed between scenarios with 300 and 600 QTL. In comparison with models without G × E interaction, accuracies of the GBV for all environments increased when using multi-trait models. The results showed that the level of LD, number of animals in training set and genetic correlation across environments play important roles if G × E interaction exists. In conclusion, G × E interaction contributes to understanding variations of quantitative trait and increasing accuracy of genomic prediction. Therefore, the interaction should be taken into account in conducting selection in various environments or across different genotypes.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of Angiogenesis Activity in Thyroid Gland under Hashimoto's Thyroiditis versus Diffuse Toxic Goiter

Aim of Study: To reveal the difference in structural-functional activity between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) based on microvessel density and the immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in thyreocytes and endothelial cells. Materials and Methods: The authors studied, pathologically and immunohistochemically, the expression of TSH, CD34 and VEGF in postsurgical thyroid specimens in 20 cases per each group (HT, DTG, and nodular goiter) as well as in normal tissues, all obtained from the National Institute of Endocrinology (Tbilisi). Guidelines of the Japanese Thyroid Society were used for the clinico-morphological classification of HT. The microvessel density was assessed in VEGF-positive areas using digital image analysis. Results and Conclusions: No significant difference was obtained for the expression of the VEGF and CD34 between the studied groups. In contrast, the present study confirmed the significant difference in TSH expression among the lesions regardless of their biological behavior; and the results showed that only microvessel density and vascular surface area could truly differentiate the thyroid pathologies (HT and DTG) that are manifested by severe lymphoplasmocytic infiltration.
In Situ Transesterification from Oleaginous Yeast Biomass

Near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is an useful tool for the study of biological molecules. The application of this technique is continually expanding mainly for the characterization of proteins and lipids. Quantitative analysis relies on a calibration model which can be semi-quantitative by multiple linear regression analysis. The advantage of this technique is that substances are analysed without chemical treatment, avoiding secondary reactions. In addition, all compounds are measured simultaneously, speeding analysis. Accordingly, two techniques were tested: i) FT-IR , based on rapid determination of trans geometric isomers isolated in fats and oils at ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) by infrared spectroscopy (Method Cd 14d99, AOCS ), ii) Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry, which analysis were made in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). A calibration curve was constructed using a B100 biodiesel, to estimate the percentage of ester in the samples. The area was obtained by integration of the absorption region at 1750 cm -1 and the slope and intercept determined in the linear fit. The FT-IR analysis indicated the major structural features of the product, the estimate ester percentage in the samples and the percentage of reactions conversion. The identification of the ethyl ester was confirmed by gas chromatography with mass detector. The samples obtained by different methods of methyl and ethyl transesterification reaction in situ yielded 75.1 % and 93.4 % of ester, respectively, while the transesterification reaction of the extracted oil yielded 95.5 L% of esters. The spectras of the crude oil and biomass were also obtained for comparison and identification of the compounds. Besides the identification of the components and the estimation of esters in the sample, the use of FT-IR as a primary or auxiliary technique can contribute to the process control quickly with good response. However, this technique requires a validation for the construction of a mathematical model using a chemometrics method for making it reliable and effective.
An Aggregation Method for Stock Market Recommendations

In this thesis a research is conducted to find a good aggregation method for stock market advices. This aggregation method is an improvement of the original aggregation method developed in de Market Advices Aggregation System by (Stibbe, 2007). The improvement lays in the fact that an underwriter is assigned an adjusted weight, which is based on the experience of the underwriter (amount of advices issued) and the smoothed performance figure. In addition, the method is extended with a bias correction method, which tries to correct the aggregation method by correcting for affiliated underwriters. The correction method gives different weights to underwriters who have done the Initial Public Offering for the stock which advices are aggregated. Two types of experiments are conducted: experiments in which the bias of underwriters is tested and experiments in which the improved aggregation method is tested against the original method. Experiments are executed and results are collected over a period of 48 months, between January 2003 and December 2006. The returns of the aggregated advices are calculated for a period of one day, one week, one month and half a year. According to the results, the improved aggregation method performs significantly better on the short run, while on the large run, there is no significant improvement observed anymore. In regards to the correction method for bias, the results are adjusted for the market capitalization of the stocks (small-cap, mid-cap, large-cap). In all cases, underwriters who have done the Initial public Offering add informational value to the aggregation method and should not be given less weight. However, at large cap companies on the short run, some extreme positive differences showed up when excluding the underwriters who have done the IPO for the stock.
Enhanced Adaptive Learning Mechanism for Cloud Selection

Estimation of cloud services in a distributed computing environment is taking more interests. There is a wealth of developing cloud benefit assets that makes it difficult for the user to select the best administration related to own applications in an evolving multiple cloud environment, particularly for online processing applications. To make clients to choose their interested cloud adequately, we need a model which holds the cloud profits, and hence dynamic cloud benefit determination procedure named Dynamic Cloud Selection (DCS) is adapted. In this procedure of selected services, every cloud benefit business deals with some group of cloud administrations, and executes the DCS method. This paper studies the cloud selection and proposed a way to improve the cloud selection based on related measures. The measures are reliability, response time, throughput, availability, utilization, resilience, scalability, and elasticity. The system is contrived to enhance the cloud benefit choice powerfully and to restore the best administration result to the client. These measures are used to form best selection strategy. User memory requirement is also considered to improve the preferred task. Experimental results proved that using this new strategy, best cloud selection is made efficiently.
The Influence of Parents' Backgrounds, Beliefs about English Learning, and a Dialogic Reading Program on Thai Kindergarteners' English Lexical Development.

This study investigated parents’ backgrounds and their beliefs about English language learning, and compared the receptive English vocabulary development of three to six year-old-Thai children before and after participating in a parent-child reading program with the dialogic reading (DR) method. Fifty-four single parents of 54 children voluntarily participated in the study. The parents were surveyed to determine if their demographic data, beliefs, and DR method affected their children’s vocabulary development. The children were tested on fourteen English words before and after participating in the program. The results showed that parents’ beliefs about English language learning affected expectations on their children’s language success. In addition, the children’s achievement was related to the use of DR method. The children yielded significant greater gains in knowledge of vocabulary and their ability to infer the meanings from pictures after engaging in the reading program.
Infrared Image Enhancement Based on Multiscale Bilateral Detail Decomposition

In order to solve the problem that infrared images usually have a poor visual effect with low contrast and weak details, an infrared image enhancement method based on multiscale bilateral detail decomposition (MBDD) is proposed in this paper. The core of MBDD strategy lies in utilizing bilateral filter with different scale parameters to achieve multiscale detail decomposition for infrared image. On the one hand, abundant detail information in different scales is effectively extracted as detail sub-images to be enhanced; on the other hand, a set of corresponding weights is constructed adaptively. The output image is a fused version from enhanced detail scale sub-images. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other conventional methods for infrared image enhancement.
Quasi-Periodic, Periodic Waves, and Soliton Solutions for the Combined KdV-mKdV Equation

By introducing the generalized Jacobi elliptic function, a new improved Jacobi elliptic function method is used to construct the exact travelling wave solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations in a unified way. With the help of the improved Jacobi elliptic function method and symbolic computation, some new exact solutions of the combined Korteweg-de Vries-modified Korteweg-de Vries (KdV-mKdV) equation are obtained. Based on the derived solution, we investigate the evolution of doubly periodic and solitons in the background waves. Also, their structures are further discussed graphically.
“Å sette staven igjen” – tilhørighet til familie, sted, personer og natur. Å fremme et meningsfylt liv for personer med demenssykdom i sykehjem i Nord-Norge.

Innbindingen, artikkel I og II er publisert pa open access og kan gjores tilgjengelig nar avhandlingen er godkjent. Artikkel III: "Ingrid Drageset, Ketil Normann and Ingunn Elstad (201? ): Identity-supportive care of patients with dementia in nursing homes" er innsendt manus i slutten av februar 2014 til Nordisk Sygeplejeforskning. Nar den blir akseptert, kommer jeg til a be tidsskriftet om tillatelse til a gjore artikkelen tilgjengelig som en del av hele avhandlingen. Men forelopig skal IKKE artikkel III gjores tilgjengelig i Munin.
Academic stress and evaluation of a mindfulness training intervention program

Many studies have shown that students of different disciplines experience a high level of stress in university environments. It seems that mindfulness education can increase the ability of students to cope with stressful factors in university environments. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a mindfulness training intervention program for college students. 38 students participated in the present study (58% female and 42% male, age: mean = 24.31, SD = 1.05). The students randomly were assigned to an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 18). The experimental group received an 8-week mindfulness training intervention program, but no the control group. At an 8-week follow-up, participants in the experimental group reported an improvement in response to stressors and perceived reduction of stress relative to participants in the control group. However, we observed no differences in stressors, response to stressors and perceived reduction of stress between the experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that a mindfulness training intervention delivered in the university setting may be an effective way to increase response to stressors and reduce perceived stress among college students.
Characterization of Particle Size Distribution in Expansive Soils using Logarithmic Density Distribution

Particles size distribution(PSD) is a mathematical function that defines the relative amount, typically by mass, of particles present according to size. Geotechnically, particle size analysis is required torelate soil texture to soil performance or behavior. The objective of this paper is to use a logarithmic scale for particle size to get accurate grain size information for sediment distribution.Through accuratedetermination of grain size, it is possible to examine the influence of particle-size on swelling potential of the soil because chemical composition of sedimentthat relates to swell varies with grain size. Soil samples used in this study were retrieved from open pits in an area which falls within theexpansive soil zone in the Coast Region of Tanzania. The standard analyses used included sedimentation using a hydrometer or pipette method for clayand silt-sized particles and sieve analysis for sand. For the fact that particle distribution spans over several orders of magnitudes, a basetwologarithmic scalefor the x-axis and a linear scale for the y-axis was used to plot the grain size distribution. The Particle size distribution was supplemented with the free swell tests and Atterbarg Limitsin order to collate Particle size distribution and swell potential. The results showed that the soils have highest sand fractions followed by notable proportion of fines and a small amount of gravel. Ironically, the soils exhibit high swell potential albeit predominance of sand. It implies that expansive character might not be limited to pure clay soils. Hypothetically, sandstones formed by the consolidation of sediments of an expansive nature are likely to have the characteristic to expand.