Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The wake behind a cylinder rolling on a wall at varying rotation rates

A study investigating the flow around a cylinder rolling or sliding on a wall has been undertaken in two and three dimensions. The cylinder motion is specified from a set of five discrete rotation rates, ranging from prograde through to retrograde rolling. A Reynolds number range of 20–500 is considered. The effects of the nearby wall and the imposed body motion on the wake structure and dominant wake transitions have been determined. Prograde rolling is shown to destabilize the wake flow, while retrograde rotation delays the onset of unsteady flow to Reynolds numbers well above those observed for a cylinder in an unbounded flow. Two-dimensional simulations show the presence of two recirculation zones in the steady wake, the lengths of which increase approximately linearly with the Reynolds number. Values of the lift and drag coefficient are also reported for the steady flow regime. Results from a linear stability analysis show that the wake initially undergoes a regular bifurcation from a steady two-dimensional flow to a steady three-dimensional wake for all rotation rates. The critical Reynolds number Rec of transition and the spanwise wavelength of the dominant mode are shown to be highly dependent on, but smoothly varying with, the rotation rate of the cylinder. Varying the rotation from prograde to retrograde rolling acts to increase the value of Rec and decrease the preferred wavelength. The structure of the fully evolved wake mode is then established through three-dimensional simulations. In fact it is found that at Reynolds numbers only marginally (~5%) above critical, the three-dimensional simulations indicate that the saturated state becomes time dependent, although at least initially, this does not result in a significant change to the mode structure. It is only at higher Reynolds numbers that the wake undergoes a transition to vortex shedding. An analysis of the three-dimensional transition indicates that it is unlikely to be due to a centrifugal instability despite the superficial similarity to the flow over a backward-facing step, for which the transition mechanism has been speculated to be centrifugal. However, the attached elongated recirculation region and distribution of the spanwise perturbation vorticity field, and the similarity of these features with those of the flow through a partially blocked channel, suggest the possibility that the mechanism is elliptic in nature. Some analysis which supports this conjecture is undertaken.
HIV-1 vaccine design: Learning from natural infection

Het humane immuundeficientie virus type 1 (hiv-1) is het virus dat aids veroorzaakt. Er is nog steeds geen bescherming tegen een hiv-1 infectie en de beeindiging van de wereldwijde epidemie kan waarschijnlijk alleen worden bereikt met behulp van een vaccin. Een hiv-1 vaccin zal bescherming moeten bieden tegen de verschillende subtypes die wereldwijd voorkomen. Ongeveer 10-30% van de hiv-1 geinfecteerde patienten ontwikkelen zogenoemde "breed-neutraliserende" antistoffen. Alhoewel deze antistoffen geen invloed hebben op het ziektebeloop zijn deze wel in staat om verschillende subtypes van hiv-1 te herkennen. Het bestuderen van het afweersysteem van deze patienten kan ons helpen bij het ontwikkelen van een werkend vaccin. Dit proefschrift beschrijft onderzoek naar de humorale afweerreactie in hiv-1 geinfecteerde patienten van de Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS). We hebben gekeken naar patienten die een breed-neutraliserende afweerreactie ontwikkelden en hoe snel dit gebeurde in deze patienten. Daarnaast hebben we gekeken naar het mechanisme waarmee het virus ontsnapt aan deze afweerreactie. Tijdens onze studies lag de focus vooral op het envelop-eiwit, en onze opgedane kennis hierover hebben we uiteindelijk gebruikt om vaccinatie studies te doen met ons eigen nieuwe kandidaat hiv-1 vaccin op basis van de envelop-eiwitten van ACS-patienten.
Growth, flowering, fruit dimensions and post harvest parameters of Morinda citrifolia as influenced by irrigation regimes and organic manures

An experiment was carried out in Morinda citrifolia through split plot design with irrigation regimes on main plot (four levels) and organic manures on sub plot (eight levels) with two replications. Among the treatment combinations, M2S4 (100% WRc through drip irrigation + 50% farm yard manure (FYM) + 50% vermicompost (VC)) registered the highest plant height (148.74, 202.54 and 254.12 cm), number of primary branches (14.25, 26.32 and 33.74), number of secondary branches (21.89, 39.95 and 48.27), number of leaves (171.71, 429.52 and 875.31) and trunk girth (12.64, 22.58 and 28.07 cm) during vegetative, flowering and harvesting stages, respectively. The same treatment takes very less days for first flowering (340.78) and 50% flowering (357.45). For treatment combination, M2S4 (100% WRc through drip irrigation + 50% FYM + 50% VC) exhibited the highest score for fruit length (11.20 cm), fruit circumference (18.02 cm), fruit volume (179.68 cc) and shelf life (4.21 days) and lowest score for physiological loss in weight (4.16, 7.72, 12.38, 17.56 and 23.49%). Key words: Morinda citrifolia, drip irrigation, farm yard manure (FYM), vermicompost, growth, flowering, fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit volume, shelf life.
Analysis of How Well Regression Models Predict Radiation Dose from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident

The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan resulted in the release of radioactive materials into the atmosphere, the nearby sea, and the surrounding land. Based on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Convention on Early Notification of a nuclear accident, several radiological data were collected on the accident. Among the radioactive materials monitored, are I-131 and Cs-137 which form the major contributions to the contamination of drinking water. The radiation dose in the atmosphere was also measured. This study focused on how well regression models predict radiation dose from the following predictor variables: I-131and Cs-137 concentrations in drinking water, radiation monitoring locations, and distance and direction of monitoring points from the accident location. The analysis covered 1) the correlations between the radiation dose and the predictor variables, and 2) how well simple regression methods could predict the radiation dose. The modeling techniques investigated include linear regression, principal component regression (PCR), partial least square regression (PLS), ridge regression, and locally weighted regression. The Venetian Blinds method was used to divide the data into training, test, and validation datasets. The concentrations ofI-131 and Cs-137 directly determine the output parameter dose, and thus have better correlations compared to the other predictor variables. The linear regression model with one variable (I-131 concentration in drinking water) was found to be the best with a root mean square error of 0.0133. For the other models, the root mean square errors are0.0148 for ridge regression cross validation,0.0198 for ridge regression L-curve, 0.0210 for PCR,0.0856 for PLS, 0.0892 for locally weighted linear regression, and 0.0993 for locally weighted kernel regression.
Surface Transfer-Doping of H-Terminated Diamond with Adsorbates

Hydrogen-terminated diamond films with Au and Al contacts have been investigated by contact potential difference measurements (CPD), CV-, IVand Hall-effect experiments, and theoretical calculations in which the Schrodinger and Poisson equations have been solved to calculate the density-of-state (DOS) distribution at the surface of a hydrogen terminated diamond. From CPD experiments, we detect the Fermi energy of H-terminated diamond covered with an adsorbate layer in the valence band. The layer shows no contact potential difference to Au. For Al, a CPD of +588 V is detected, which indicates that the work function of Al is about 590 meV smaller than that of Au. Numerical calculations have been performed to elucidate the electronic band structure for hole sheet-carrier densities in the range of 1010 to 1013 cm–2. These calculations reveal a 2D-DOS, with Fermi energies at about 240 to 880 meV below the valence-band maximum. The Schottky contact properties of Al are discussed on the basis of in-plane contact properties. Finally, temperature dependent variations of hole mobilities are discussed, revealing ion-induced scattering as the dominant scattering process at low temperatures; at higher temperatures, phonon scattering limits propagation. Based on the transfer doping model, the ionized impurities are located in the Helmholtz layer of the adsorbate film that covers the H-terminated diamond.
DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER IN WETLAND SOILS AND STREAMS OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA: SOURCES, CONCENTRATION AND CHEMICAL QUALITY A THESIS

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems is an important source of C, N and energy for the metabolism of aquatic heterotrophic bacteria. I examined the concentration and chemical quality of DOM exported from coastal temperate watersheds in southeast Alaska to determine if wetland soils are an important source of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) to aquatic ecosystems. I addressed this question through a combination of high resolution temporal and spatial field measurements in three watersheds near Juneau, Alaska by using a replicated experimental design that characterized DOM export from three different soil types (bog, forested wetland and upland forest) within each of the watersheds. PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy and BDOC incubations were used to evaluate the chemical quality and lability of DOM. Overall, my findings show that wetland soils contribute substantial biodegradable DOM to streams and the response in BDOC delivery to streams changes seasonally, with soil type, and during episodic events such as stormflows. In particular, the chemical quality of DOM in streamwater and soil solution was similar during the spring runoff and fall wet season, as demonstrated by the similar contribution of protein-like fluorescence in soil solution and in streams. These findings indicate a tight coupling between wetland DOM source pools and streams is responsible for the export of BDOC from terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, seasonal changes in soil-stream linkages can have a major influence on watershed biogeochemistry with important implications for stream metabolism and the delivery of labile DOM to coastal ecosystems. Soil DOM additions in small streams draining the three soil types showed that DOM leached from watershed soils is readily used as a substrate by stream heterotrophs and at the same time modified in composition by the selective degradation of the proteinaceous fraction of DOM. These findings indicate terrestrial DOM inputs to streams are an important source of C to support stream heterotrophic production. Thus, the production of protein-rich, labile DOM and subsequent loss in stream runoff has the potential to be an important loss of C and N from coastal temperate watersheds.
Active Front Steering Using Stable Model Predictive Control Approach via LMI

In this paper, a modelpredictive control (MPC) with guaranteed stability is used for controlling anactive front steering system in an autonomous vehicle. At each controlinterval, it is assumed that by using information obtained from the sensors onthe vehicle, a trajectory is known over a finite horizon, and then it is thepredictive controller duty to compute the front steering angle as the controlinput until the vehicle follows the trajectory. In addition, for reducingcomputational load of implementing the controller we convert the MPCoptimization problem into linear matrix inequality (LMI) form so the problemcan be solved more efficiently. The effectiveness of the proposed MPCformulation is demonstrated by simulation. A comparison is made between thetime consumed for solving LMI form of the problem and another approach ofsolving.
Improved walsh functions algorithm for single phase power components measurement

This paper presents an improved Walsh function (IWF) algorithm for power components measurement in linear and nonlinear, balanced and unbalanced sinusoidal load system. It takes advantage of the Walsh Functions’ simple procedure to develop an algorithm to determine the active, reactive and distortion powers. The increasing use of non-linear loads causes distortion of the power supply system leading to voltage and current waveforms to become non-stationary and non-sinusoidal. As a result measurement using the IEEE standard 1459-2000 which is based on fast Fourier transform FFT is no longer realistic in non-sinusoidal load condition due to its sensitivity to the spectral leakage phenomenon. The proposed Improved Walsh function algorithm which has the features of being simple, and having high accuracy rate for measurement of both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal signals was tested using a model created on Matlab 2011. The results were compared with the FFT approach and Wavelet transform technique and it showed that the algorithm has the potential to effectively determine the active and reactive powers of a network under different distortion load conditions better than the FFT. The algorithm is computationally less cumbersome when compared with the Wavelet transform.
Investigating collocational priming in Turkish

Several attempts have been made to illustrate the organization of the monolingual mental lexicon and each model proposed so far has highlighted different aspects of lexical processing. What they have in common is the fact that their depictions rely on single lexical items and paradigmatic relations come to the fore in their explanations. Hoey’s lexical priming theory (2005) tries to shed light on the issue of collocational processing in the internal lexicon from a cognitive and psycholinguistic perspective and its importance for our overall creative language production. A number of psycholinguistic studies have tested Hoey's theory as it relates to English, but work in other languages is limited. The present study broadens the scope of work in this area by investigating whether collocational priming also holds for speakers of Turkish. Furthermore, the possible influence of frequency and part of speech on collocational priming is scrutinized by exploring the correlations between response times in the priming experiment and these independent variables. The findings revealed a significant collocational priming effect for Turkish L1 users, in line with Hoey’s claims. The regression analysis indicated frequency and part of speech as important predictors of processing duration. The correlation analysis also showed significant correlations between the response times and both word and collocational frequency. A tentative mental lexicon framework is proposed based on the findings of this research.
Operational and Investment Solutions to Enhance the Transmission and Distribution Systems of the Electrical Grid

An electric power system consists of three major components: generation, transmission and distribution. Electricity is usually generated in remote generation plants and carried through high voltage transmission lines to distribution substations. The distribution system delivers the electricity safely and reliably to the end customers. When the customers’ demand increases, the transmission network has to be expanded to maintain the reliability of the network. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we propose a new method to compute the operational cost for the transmission network expansion. The proposed method is based on multivariate interpolation which reduces the computational time of the solving algorithm significantly. In the second chapter, we enhance the operational performance of the microgrids as part of the distribution grid. We introduce an efficient way to integrate a parking facility of electric vehicles (EVs) into the microgrids as a storage resource. By using the vehicle to grid technologies which enable the microgrid to withdraw energy from the batteries of the EVs, energy supply from the EVs’ batteries can be a cost-efficient alternative. The ability to store and withdraw energy from the EVs allows the microgrid to shift energy purchases from high price to low price hours during the day. Finally, in the third chapter, we analyze the long term economics of EVs integration into the microgrids. We develop an investment model to determine the optimal capacity of the parking facility for EVs. Similar to the transmission network expansion, the required capital investment for the vehicle to grid technologies and the operational cost of the microgrid over the planning horizon are considered and minimized. We propose a new approach to minimize the total cost of investment and operation. Experimental results confirm that investing in the vehicle to grid technologies in the parking facility reduces the microgrid’s cost of electricity supply in the long run.
Backscatter and Doppler Signals of Surface Current in SAR Images: A Step Towards Inverse Modelling

ABSTRACT In this paper we combine the radar imaging model (RIM) and the Doppler shift approach for more comprehensive and quantitative studies of SAR imaging of current features. Preliminary results obtained with this new “DopRim” model, which also features an independent SAR wind-wave retrieval tool, are presented and discussed. Forward simulations of SAR images using the new DopRim model have been conducted for two test areas around the French coast at the entrance to the English Channel and along the west coast of Norway. The 3D current fields are taken from numerical ocean models, while the wind and dominant wave field are retrieved from the respective SAR images. These products serve as the input for the forward DopRim module. Extensive testing and validation of this method is currently ongoing. Preliminary results show that surface current velocities and estimation of current deformation such as zones of convergence and current shear can be derived in consistence with the SAR backscatter anomalies, near surface wind and wave fields, and the measured Doppler shifts. The inverse module, when fully tested and validated, is expected to significantly advance the use of SAR imagery in quantitative studies of mesoscale features such as fronts, eddies and filaments. In the longer term, it may also open up for routine application of SAR image data in operational oceanography.
11 X-ray Micro-Tomography as a New and Powerful Tool for Characterization of MgB 2 Superconductor

Applied superconductivity is virtually important for all human activities solving different problems in the fields such as power and energy, electronics, computing and communications, medical equipment and sensors, fast transportation and so on. However, the progress in this field is relatively slow when compared to other young industries. The reasons are diverse, and among them are the prohibitive prices vs. performance of the superconducting technologies. In this regard, superconducting-based materials or products with improved working characteristics at constant or lower prices are always of interest. One superconductor of practical interest is MgB2. This superconductor has several advantages as follows: 1. Critical temperature Tc = 39 K of MgB2 [1] is the highest among simple superconducting compounds. This is a unexpectedly high Tc and, although MgB2 can be considered a swave classical Bardeen-Cooper-Schriffer (BCS) superconductor, it shows elements of unconventional superconductivity: two-gap superconductivity was observed with gap values of Δσ = 7.4 meV and Δπ = 2.1 meV at 4.2 K corresponding to critical temperatures of 15 K and 45 K, with σ and π being the bands of the boron electrons [2]. In fact, there are two hole-type quasi-two-dimensional σ bands (σ1 and σ2), an electron-type (π 1) and a hole-type (π 2) three-dimensional π bands [3,4]. Such situation generates new physical effects with markedly different behaviors in many properties some of them of practical meaning when compared with single band superconductors. 2. It is a simple compound composed of only two elements. 3. It is a cheap compound composed of relatively cheap and available elements. 4. It is not toxic and it is considered stable in the air. 5. It is a light compound with low theoretical density of 2.63 g/cm3. Crystal structure is relatively simple of layered hexagonal type. 6. It has anisotropy, but it is not as high as in high temperature superconductors.
Best Practices for Implementing Biotope Networks in Highly Fragment Landscapes: The Safety Net for the European Wildcat

The fragmentation of landscapes belongs to the major causes for the ongoing loss of biodiversity worldwide. Remaining habitats have become isolated patches within intensively used cultural landscapes for many species. One of those species is the European wildcat Felis silvestris silvestris SCHR. The original range of the European wildcat once covered forests allover central and southern Europe. Today, wildcat distribution is heavily scattered due to former human persecution and habitat fragmentation in Europe and especially in Germany. To counteract this process, the environmental NGO BUND (Friends of the Earth Germany) initiated a comprehensive project on biotope networking called “The Safety Net for the European Wildcat” in 2004. The ambitious aim of the project is to establish a continuous forest network of 20,000 kilometers length. Scientific basis of the project is the wildcat routing map. It was calculated by combining the outcomes of a comprehensive habitat model with a cost-distance-analysis in order to identify optimal connection routes between forests occupied by wildcats and suitable wildcat habitats. Result of this procedure is a map which shows potential migration corridors between all relevant forests throughout Germany. Although the wildcat is the target species of the initiative, many other species benefit, thereby improving the health of entire forest ecosystems. The implementation of this corridor implicates a high potential for conflicts with land-use owners due to the high competition for land by further infrastructural development, agriculture and nature conservation. In order to raise public awareness and gain support for biotope networking the BUND ran an accompanying publicity campaign from 2010 to 2012. Stakeholder dialogues and public relations were major parts of the campaign, which was funded by the EU (LIFE+). The case example of the first corridor implemented in the framework of the wildcat project shows how potential conflicts can be dissolved: This corridor was planted in 2007 in order to reconnect the Hainich National Park, which is inhabited by a stable wildcat population, with the Thuringian Forest, where wildcats are still rare. Intensively used agricultural land and a highway are major barriers for wildlife migration between the two forests. When this highway was relocated the chance arose to implement a wildcat corridor in the area. As a result of a long-lasting, but successful process of dialogue between authorities, local farmers and the BUND compensational measures were bundled within an area suitable for a wildcat corridor. Already in 2012 the first wildcats were proven to use the corridor. Two other corridors in Rhineland-Palatinate and Lower Saxony followed. With funding from the German federal administration BUND will implement six new wildcat corridors within the next two years in order to push forward the establishment of a functional network of forests. Furthermore, an open database with wildcat DNA samples from ten