Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nano-Crystals for Quadratic Nonlinear Imaging : Characterization and Applications

Nonlinear optics is a well established field today, covering a large and rich range of applications which expands every year. Its extension to sub-wavelength scale processes is however highly non trivial, and nano-scale nonlinear optics is only in its infancy. Downscaling high order light-matter optical interaction is however nowadays accessible using new technological tools such as near field techniques, high resolution microscopy and pulsed femtosecond lasers. As a consequence, a large amount of effort has been recently invested into the invention and engineering of nano-structures that exhibit nonlinear optical properties and lead to new optical functions. Among the promising routes followed by nonlinear nano-optics, the development of new nano-sources originating from frequency mixing processes is particularly successful. In this chapter, we describe how nano-crystals have been advantageously developed and used in Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) (or by extension Sum Frequency Generation : SFG), which is the lowest order nonlinear process, dependent on the square of the incident field (Boyd, 1992). Recent developments have shown that these nano-structures are potentially key elements in various fields, such as new nano-probes for bio-imaging, or nano-scale optical fields probing in the ultra-short pulses regime. They also combine the interesting properties of frequency mixing processes with the nano-scale regime: unlike the resonant fluorescence process, coherent harmonic generation is active in the non-resonant regime and therefore free from photo-bleaching which is otherwise generally considered a major drawback from fluorescent nano-probes today. The coherent nature of frequency mixing also allows generating different wavelengths and therefore creating nano-sources of a large range of possible frequencies. An additional advantage of these nano-sources is to avoid phase-matching constraints since their size is well below the coherent length of the underlying nonlinear process, at which nonlinear propagation suffers from destructive interferences between the propagating and induced nonlinear waves. The availability of a large emission frequency range finally allows imaging 11
Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) in Jordanian Hotels

This paper examines the adoption of strategic HRM in Jordanian hotels and explores the relationships between certain organizational characteristics - size, ownership, classification - and the adoption of SHRM in these hotels. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture data from HR/personnel managers in hotels operating within the two most important tourist areas of Jordan (Petra and Aqaba). The main findings of this study are: HRM in Jordanian hotels is characterized to some extent by some of the components of the SHRM approach except for: line management partnerships; corporate culture relationships and cost effectiveness evaluation. The findings demonstrate a strong statistical association between SHRM adoption and organizational size.
Revise Approach to Measuring Congestion Based on the Comparison of Inputs

Received 28 September 2014, Revised 08 November 2014, Accepted 07 February 2015 Abstract the method for measuring the congestion of Noura et al. [A.A. Noura, F. ‎Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, G.R. Jahanshahloo, S. ‎Fanati Rashidi, R.P. Barnett, A new method for measuring congestion in data envelopment analysis, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 44 (2010) 240-246] ,there is no problem for congestion detection In the case of one input and one output but in higher space is not able to detect congestion of some units. we offer modification of the method of measuring the congestion of Noura et al. The proposed method ability congestion units go up and this method detect all congestion units.
Firms' organizational modes with productivity heterogeneity, demand uncertainty and production capacity

This paper investigates how firms' demand uncertainty with capacity constraints and their productivity heterogeneity affect their making-or-buying organizational choices in a general equilibrium framework with incomplete contracts. It shows that a final-good producer may adopt integrating a part of the production of its intermediate input in-house and outsource it at arm's length domestically or abroad simultaneously. Moreover, Five organizational modes, exiting the market, outsourcing in the North, outsourcing in the South, integrating and outsourcing in the North simultaneously, and integrating in the North and outsourcing in the South simultaneously, in turn occur with increase of firm-level productivity, as well as its demand uncertainty. Influences of uncertainty and productivity on prevalence of various organizational modes are also explored.
PISa – powered two wheeler integrated safety: development, implementation and testing of PTW integrated safety systems

The Powered two wheeler Integrated Safety (PISa) project, funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework, aimed at identifying, developing and testing new technologies to provide integrated safety systems (ISS) for a range of powered two wheelers (PTWs) to improve primary safety and link to secondary safety systems. From the analysis of representative crashes involving motorcycles and mopeds, a list of safety systems was prioritised in terms of their contribution to crash avoidance or injury severity reduction. These systems were integrated onto two different types of PTW: a large scooter and a light motorcycle. Experimental tests with the demonstration vehicles showed the potential benefits of the PISa systems compared to unequipped PTWs. Further system development is required before testing the demonstration vehicles with non-professional riders.
Light Curves of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory

We investigate the light-curve properties of a sample of 26 spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) in the Palomar Transient Factory survey. These events are brighter than SNe Ib/c and SNe Ic-BL, on average, by about 4 and 2 mag, respectively. The peak absolute magnitudes of SLSNe-I in rest-frame g band span −22 ≲ Mg ≲ −20 mag, and these peaks are not powered by radioactive 56Ni, unless strong asymmetries are at play. The rise timescales are longer for SLSNe than for normal SNe Ib/c, by roughly 10 days, for events with similar decay times. Thus, SLSNe-I can be considered as a separate population based on photometric properties. After peak, SLSNe-I decay with a wide range of slopes, with no obvious gap between rapidly declining and slowly declining events. The latter events show more irregularities (bumps) in the light curves at all times. At late times, the SLSN-I light curves slow down and cluster around the 56Co radioactive decay rate. Powering the late-time light curves with radioactive decay would require between 1 and 10 M⊙ of Ni masses. Alternatively, a simple magnetar model can reasonably fit the majority of SLSNe-I light curves, with four exceptions, and can mimic the radioactive decay of 56Co, up to ∼400 days from explosion. The resulting spin values do not correlate with the host-galaxy metallicities. Finally, the analysis of our sample cannot strengthen the case for using SLSNe-I for cosmology.
Comparative genetic structure in pines: evolutionary and conservation consequences

Pines have been the focus of several studies that estimate population genetic parameters using both allozymes and chloroplast single sequence repeats (SSRs). Also, the genus has also been recently studied using molecular systematics so that we now have a more clear understanding of their evolutionary history. With this background we studied comparatively the genetic structure in pines. Expected heterozygosity is particularly constant with a 99 % confidence interval between 0.19 and 0.23 in species that have been studied until now using allozymes. There is a significant proportion of species (9/41) that show high population differentiation estimates (F ST = or larger than 0.15) and five of these have large and wingless seeds probably associated with low densities, bird dispersal mechanisms and resistance to water stress. These species include the North American pinyon pines. Outcrossing rates are also constant among species from both subgenus Pinus and subgenus Strobus, which probably reflects a selective limit to the amount of deleterious alleles that can be maintained in pine species and this also affects inbreeding levels. We also explored the data published using microsatellites in pines and conclude that these markers uncover a higher proportion of variation and genetic differentiation as expected and that the evolutionary models that are used to derive the population genetic structure estimators should take into account other sources of mutation (point mutations, larger insertions and or deletions and duplications) to better understand the comparative applications of these molecular markers.
Corynebacterium glutamicum s is involved in responses to cell surface stresses and its activity is controlled by the anti-s factor CseE

Correspondence Heung-Shick Lee hlee@korea.ac. kr Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea Institute of Biotechnology 1, Heinrich Heine University, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea Department of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Checheon, Chungbuk 390-230, Republic of Korea
The Monumental Cemeteries of Northern Pictland

THE EMERGENCE OF FORMAL CEMETERIES is one of the most significant transformations in the landscapes of 1st millennium ad Scotland. In eastern and northern Scotland, in the lands of the Picts, square and circular burial monuments were constructed to commemorate a small proportion of the population — perhaps a newly emerging elite in the post-Roman centuries. This paper presents the results of a project that has consolidated and reviewed the evidence for monumental cemeteries of the northern Picts from Aberdeenshire to Inverness-shire, transcribing the aerial evidence of many sites for the first time. In addition, the landscape location of the cemeteries is assessed, along with their relation to Pictish symbol stones, fortified sites and settlement landscapes of the 1st millennium ad. Two particular elements of the burial architecture of northern Pictland are highlighted — barrow enlargement, and the linking of barrows through the sharing of barrow/cairn ditches. Both of these practices are suggested here to be implicated in the creation of genealogies of the living and the dead during an important transitional period in northern Europe when hereditary aristocracies became more prominent.
A Model to Estimate Informal Economy at Regional Level: Theoretical and Empirical Investigation

Many problems emerge since it is widely believed that high tax rates and ineffective tax collection by government are the main causes contributing to the rise of the informal economy. Already the economists have established a relationship between tax rates and tax evasion or size of the informal economy. The higher is the level of taxation, the greater incentive is to participate in informal economic activities and escape taxes. At the macroeconomic level, there is a number of so-called indirect methods used to estimate the size and dynamics of informal economy, reported in literature as “Monetary Approach”, “Implicit Labour Supply Method”, “National Accountancy”, “Energy Consumption Method”, etc. Unfortunately, many times there are huge differences among the estimated shares of informal or underground economy obtained by various methods. For instance, in case of Romania the figures are between about 20% of GDP, obtained on the base of the energy consumption method and more than 45% computed by using the monetary approach. Also, the figures reported by the National Institute for Statistics (NIS), based on national accounts methodology, increased (mainly due to changes in methodology) from about 5% in 1992, to 18% in 1997 and to 20-22% after 2000. Adding to these figures about 7% of GDP, representing the estimated level for self-consumption in case of a rural household, legal non-registered but informal, resulted that last years the informal economy is responsible of 27-29% of national economy. In this article, coming from certain general accepted finding of the theory in matter of modelling underground economy, we concentrate on evaluating analytically the limit-values of certain important parameters involved in models used to estimate the size of underground economy and to explain the mechanisms of its dynamics. Then we shall simulate some exercises on available data. The second goal of the paper is to report some conclusions of our investigation based on data supplied by special surveys organised in Romania. Also, in order to see since certain hypotheses (referring to the complex transmission mechanism from the tax policy decisions to the effective implication of agents into informal economy) are statistically verified and to extend the study from the aggregate level to a deep research inside the population set in regions, we used data supplied by this special large survey, which already were processed and are available in our database.
Explanation of Bubble Nucleation Mechanisms: A Gradient Theory Approach

A Helmholtz free energy description of the four nucleation mechanisms used to explain the bubble nucleation in electrochemical systems is presented. The mechanisms are compared based on the nucleation energy barrier and critical nuclei radius. The theoretical analysis sheds light on the effect of parameters like contact angle on the electrode surface and pre-existing gas bubbles on nucleation energy barrier. A free energy based description of surface tension (planar interface) is also obtained from the thermodynamic
Gladden Spit , Belize , 1950 – 2011

Since the 1950s, artisanal fishers from southern Belize have harvested mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) from the Gladden Spit fish spawning aggregation site. In 2000, the Government of Belize partnered with stakeholders to conserve the area and co-manage the fishery. The objective of this study was to present the history of the artisanal mutton snapper fishery in its environmental and socioeconomic context and qualitatively evaluate its present status. We identified long-term trends in the fishing activity through historical catch reconstructions and estimation of fishing fleet size since the late 1980s, statistically compared inter-annual trends in catch per unit effort (CPUE) and in mutton snapper sizes between 1999 and 2011, and delineated possible factors that might have caused the observed patterns. Our data show a sharp reduction in total landings and fishing effort that started in the late 1980s, parallel to a rapid growth in the tourism industry and to a shift in the livelihoods of many fishers. Annual CPUE, individual sizes, and sex ratios have been relatively stable between 1999 and 2011, indicating persistence of the fishery during this recent period. Key to successful long-term, adaptive co-management of the fishery is a continued involvement of fishers and other stakeholders in resource monitoring and evaluation, as well as in policy and decision making. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of Cultivar, Planting Period, and Fungicide Usage on Rice Blast Infection Levels and Crop Yield

Studies were separately conducted to determine the effects of cultivar, planting date, and fungicide usage on rice blast disease, caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. [= Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr] in Kecamatan Manggala, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The four rice varieties were IR-66, Cisantana, Cigeulis, and Filipin. The results showed that IR-66 was moderately resistant to leaf and neck blast, with the lowest percentage unfilled grains per panicle. Cisantana reacted moderately resistant to leaf blast, but moderately susceptible to neck blast. Cigeulis was moderately susceptible to leaf and neck blast, while Filipin showed a highly susceptible reaction to both leaf and neck blast, and a 31% plant population death due to the blast disease. With respect to planting dates (February 4, March 22, and May 16), plants transplanted in March had the highest leaf blast severity, neck blast incidence, and the lowest yield. Seven fungicides (four are recommended for use in rice in Indonesia: flusilazol, difenoconazole, difenokonazole+propikonazole, and carbendazim (6.2%)+mancozeb (73.8%)) and three generally used ones (menefoxam (4%)+mancozeb (64%), chlorothalonyl, and metalaxyl) which were evaluated against the rice blast disease, showed the recommended fungicides for use in rice to be more effective in suppressing blast and protecting yield, compared to the other fungicides.
Comparison of Species Abundance Distributions in the Forests of Iran North

To compare the abundance distribution models of species in the forests of iran north (Golestan province) 6 sites of forests were selected that in each of site, 30 modified whittaker plots in range of 850-950 altitude from the sea level in north aspect were located. In this 20×50 m 2 frame, the species name and frequency of trees and shrubs recorded. Then said information give to BIO-DAP software. This software order species based on its frequencies and fit the best abundance distributions on data with showing digits. The results showed that, the gorgan beech site has most fitness with logarithmic series models and then log normal. The oak sites so, has most fitness first with lognormal model and then logarithmic series.
Surface salinity reconstruction of the north-atlantic ocean during the last glacial maximum

We have developed a new method to reconstruct surface water salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean, based on a comparison between transfer function estimates of sea surface temperature and the oxygen isotope ratio of two common planktonic foraminiferal species, N. pachyderma (left coiling) and G. bulloides. We first used core-top analyses to demonstrate that, under modern conditions, the paleotemperatures determined from the isotopic composition of foraminiferal shells are linearly linked to the summer sea surface temperature only within a certain temperature range, characteristic of each species, which is termed the optimum temperature range . We then used this information to derive an estimate of the isotopic composition and salinity of the North Atlantic surface water during the last glacial maximum. The resulting reconstruction shows the presence of a sharp salinity gradient associated with the polar front. However, high-salinity water was present near 30-40-degrees-W, north of the polar front. This pattern would have provided the flux of salt required for increasing the density of surface water during winter and its subsequent sinking to the abyss.
A new hinterland transport concept for the port of Rotterdam: organisational and/or technological challenges?

For container ports and their terminals to remain competitive and to handle the anticipated growth there are huge challenges to increase their productivity, to reduce the spatial pressure and congestion and to improve their hinterland accessibility. These challenges support the idea to consider or reconsider port concepts aimed at a different philosophy regarding hinterland transport operations. This operating approach assumes that the ‘port entry’ is shifted to an inland location. This location acts as a regional collection and distribution point for trucking operations, but should also be equipped to provide a rapid transfer to and from the port, to support a fast movement of containers through the port, and to avoid long storage in the port. The shift of ‘port entry’ can be accompanied by moving - beside container storage - also a number of other activities to an inland site that traditionally take place in the seaport, such as stuffing and stripping and warehousing, but possibly also customs clearance. This paper explores the opportunities of such a hinterland transport concept for the port of Rotterdam by focusing on the type of transport system to operate this hinterland concept. It discusses the possibilities and limitations to use existing conventional intermodal modes, i.e. rail and barge transport, and evaluates the potential role of new transport technologies in such a hinterland transport concept.
Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Uropathogens

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the leading cause of morbidity and health care expenditures in persons of all the ages. The impact of disease is high in the low-resource developing countries due to lack of awareness about the UTIs caused by extended spectrum beta lactamase producing pathogens and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus . This study represents a cross-sectional analysis of UTI prevalence in patients attending at KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadole, Lalitpur. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs and confirmation of the extended spectrum s-lactamase (ESBL) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) production was done following Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. During the study period, 303 (24.08% of urine submissions) UTIs were confirmed. Among these 303 strains, E. coli was the most common, representing 65.34% of the isolates, followed by S. aureus (6.93%) and other pathogens (27.72%). Prevalence of ESBL E. coli, K. pneumoniae and MRSA in the urinary isolates were found to be 38.38 %, 35 % and 47.61 % respectively. Empiric treatment for UTIs in Nepal should be reconsidered and prudent use of antibiotics, particularly Gentamycin, is highly recommended. The recent spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and MRSA is striking and underlines the need for further studies. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 105-112
Improved Extreme Learning Machine and Its Application in Image Quality Assessment

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a new class of single-hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFN), which is simple in theory and fast in implementation. Zong et al. propose a weighted extreme learning machine for learning data with imbalanced class distribution, which maintains the advantages from original ELM. However, the current reported ELM and its improved version are only based on the empirical risk minimization principle, which may suffer from overfitting. To solve the overfitting troubles, in this paper, we incorporate the structural risk minimization principle into the (weighted) ELM, and propose a modified (weighted) extreme learning machine (M-ELM and M-WELM). Experimental results show that our proposed M-WELM outperforms the current reported extreme learning machine algorithm in image quality assessment.
The Phylogeography and Population Demographics of Selected Freshwater Fishes in Taiwan

reshwater fishes are usually appropriatefor use in biogeography studies, primarily becauseof their restricted distribution and the strong asso-ciation between evolutionary history and geologi-cal events. Unfortunately, their native habitatshave been seriously altered by human activities inrecent years. Several local extinctions haveoccurred, especially among lowland species inTaiwan.The typical example is the ricefish,