Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Platinum-group elements in the UG1 and UG2 chromitites, and the Bastard reef, at Impala platinum mine, western Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Evidence for late magmatic cumulate instability and reef constitution

We have examined the UG1 and UG2 chromitites, the Bastard Reef, and ultramafic rocks in the footwall of the Merensky Reef that are possibly correlatives to the Pseudoreef, in drill core at Impala platinum mine. The UG2 consists of a 66 cm main seam and, ca 5 m above the UG2, four subsidiary seams with a combined thickness of 30 cm. The UG1 consists of a 112 cm main seam and, in its hanging- and foot wall, 50 subsidiary seams/stringers with a combined thickness of 91 cm. The UG2 main seam contains 2111 ppb Pt, 1214 ppb Pd, 362 ppb Ru, and 98 ppb Ir, with the subsidiary seams containing broadly similar PGE levels. The UG1 main seam contains 628 ppb Pt, 265 ppb Ru, and 45 ppb Ir over 112 cm, but only 13 ppb Pd. The subsidiary seams have variable compositions broadly overlapping with the main seam. Well defined positive correlations between Pt and Pd with the IPGE suggest that in the chromitites the PGE were originally concentrated by a sulfide liquid. In both the UG2 and the UG1 chromitites the highest PGE contents occur at the top and bottom of the seams, analogous to other localities in the Bushveld Complex. Such element distribution patterns resemble those in certain dykes interpreted to result from flow differentiation, suggesting that the seams formed via injection of chromite slurries into their semi-consolidated footwall cumulates, possibly during sagging of the centre of the complex in response to emptying of staging chambers at depth. Down-dip sliding of the semi-consolidated cumulates was also responsible for the phase layering of the chromitites, as represented by the sharp top and bottom contacts of the seams, and the extremely well defined correlation between PGE and chromitites. One of the last processes during cumulate solidification involved removal of some of the sulfur from the chromitites by late magmatic and/or hydrothermal fluids. Pd and Cu have also been mobilized locally (particularly in the UG1 chromitite), but the other PGE appear to have been largely immobile.
A View of innovation process in a collaborative perspective

Introduccion: El proceso de innovacion y desarrollo de nuevos servicios han cambiado en los ultimos anos. En la actualidad se acepta que este proceso ocurre en cuatro fases genericas de generacion de ideas para el despliegue de nuevos servicios. En estas fases, algunos factores se reconocen como importante y, dada su complejidad, el proceso de desarrollo de nuevos servicios por parte de una empresa puede ser facilitado por las relaciones con las empresas asociadas. La investigacion tuvo como objetivo verificar el grado de influencia que el rendimiento de las redes de colaboracion en el proceso de desarrollo de nuevos servicios. Metodo: estudio exploratorio de casos multiples y estudio cualitativo. Resultados: varios factores son comunes en el proceso de desarrollo de nuevos servicios. Sin embargo, la relevancia de estos factores cambia a lo largo de estas distintas etapas. Conclusion: Los factores de calidad de redes de colaboracion, que contribuyen al rendimiento del proceso, se pueden clasificar en dos dimensiones: el primero, destinado a las caracteristicas de los socios y, en segundo lugar, a las caracteristicas de las relaciones.
Strategic Planning 1-19-2016 A Framework for a Dynamic Metropolitan University

A Metropolitan University (MU) is deeply embedded in its local community, entwined in various economic, social, and professional networks over which creative and innovative ideas circulate. In keeping with its core mission of education, a MU can leverage these networks by implementing a research agenda designed to gain a better understanding of the propagation and exchange of ideas over the networks in which it operates. We refer to a university that has adopted such an agenda as a Dynamic Metropolitan University. Guided by a strategic plan that recognizes and supports the study of networks, a Dynamic MU is then positioned to effectively differentiate itself from online education, local community colleges, and less community-oriented universities.
Robust Design of H ∞ Controller for a Launch Vehicle Autopilot against Disturbances

Atmospheric flight phase of a launch vehicle is utilized to evaluate the performance of an H∞ controller in the presence of disturbances. Dynamics of the vehicle is linearly modeled using time-varying parameters. An operating point was found to design a robust command tracker using H∞ control theory that guarantees a stable maneuver. At the end, the controller was employed on the launch vehicle to assess the capability of control design on the linearized aerospace vehicle. Experimental results illustrate the excellent performance of the H∞ controller and accurate tracking implemented by the autopilot. Also the robustness of the entire system against disturbances is demonstrated to be acceptable.
Comparison of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Childhood Autism Rating Scale in the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study

Objectives: We examined the agreement between the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The ADOS and CARS scores of 78 children were retrospectively collected from a chart review. A correlation analysis was performed to examine the concurrent validity between the two measures. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we determined the optimal cut-off score of the CARS for identifying autism spectrum disorder. Results: The CARS score was significantly correlated with the ADOS score (r=0.808, p<0.001). Taking ADOS as the ideal standard, the optimal cut-off scores of CARS for identifying autism and autism spectrum were 30 and 24.5, respectively. Conclusion: We determined the optimal cut-off scores of CARS for screening and diagnosing autism spectrum disorder.
Temporal pattern of fish production in a microtidal tropical estuary in the south-west coast of India

The status of fisheries and seasonal variation in fish diversity in the Kodungallur-Azhikode Estuary (KAE) were investigated. Total annual average fish production in the estuary declined significantly to 908.6 t with average yield of 5.4 kg ha-1 day-1, when compared to earlier study; where 2747 t was reported. During the present study, 60 species of finfishes (belonging to 34 finfish families), 6 species of penaeid shrimps, 2 species of palaemonid prawns, 2 species of crabs (4 crustacean families), 6 species of bivalves (3 molluscan families) were noticed. Finfishes were the major group that contributed 69.62% of total fishery in the estuary and crustaceans (23.47%), bivalves (6.84%) and oysters (0.07%) also formed good fishery. Many of the fish species in the estuary were observed as threatened ( Horabagrus brachysoma, Channa striatus, Channa marulius, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Wallago attu ). The major fishing gears employed in the estuary were gillnets, cast nets, stake nets, scoop nets, ring nets, traps and Chinese dip nets. Gillnets contributed 45% of the total fish catch. Gillnets also showed highest catch per unit effort (CPUE) of 6.91 kg h -1 followed by cast nets (1.85 kg h -1), Chinese dip nets (3.20 kg h -1), stake nets (3.05 kg h-1), ring nets (1.27 kg h -1), hooks and lines (1.35 kg h -1) and scoop nets (0.92 kg h -1). The study implies that temporal changes in fish landing pattern of the KAE was mainly due to environmental variability, habitat modification and fish migration; under the influence of south-west monsoon and anthropogenic activities in the KAE. Results of the study suggest that spatio-temporal variations in the fish community structure could be an indicator for anthropogenic stress and it should be considered for restoration programmes.
SYMBIOSIS STABILITY, PATHOGENS AND HEALTH OF REEF-BUILDING CORALS: INSIGHTS ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY

In search of insights for general rules about the host-symbiont-pathogen interacion, a review on the ecology of the interaction between hermatypic corals (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) and their symbiotic zooxanthellae (photosynthetic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium) is done. In the last three decades a global decline on coral reef barriers has been observed and this has been atributed to, among other causes, two processes that directly interferes in the coral-zooxanthellae interaction: ‘coral bleaching’ and epidemics. Bleaching events are characterized by a sudden loss of zooxanthellae, making corals calcareous skeleton visible and possibly leading to a mass mortality on coral colonies. Although it is not possible to establish causal relations, the intensities of epidemics and bleaching events are correlated, indicating that the symbiosis is a protective factor on coral’s health. Among the insights for human epidemiology are: the recurrent evoltuion of pathogens and the interference of symbionts on the host-pathogen interaction, either by direct competition exclusion or by an indirect effect on host’s enegy budget
Customer Perceived Risk on Store Brand Products: A Study on Malaysian Hypermarket Consumer Perspective

This study has focused on the customers’ perceived risk and its influence on consumers’ attitude towards retailer bands in Malaysian hypermarkets from customers’ behavioural perspective. An adapted survey questionnaire was used for data collection. Total 400 questionnaires were distributed among the customers in various hypermarkets randomly, out of which 371 were found valid for data analysis. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesis. The result confirms that income level, age, education level, family size and other characteristics are significantly influence consumers’ attitude towards retailer bands mediated customers’ perceived risk. This study has also explored that compared to national brands, it is widely accepted that store brands have very higher perceived risk in terms of quality, although many consumers felt that store brand quality was the same or even better than national brands. Finally, this study suggests that Malaysian hypermarket industries should emphasize on how to remove perceived risk from the mind of consumers for both retailers and manufacturers as these are verified to have significant relationship with consumers’ attitude towards retailer bands in Malaysian hypermarkets.
THE EFFECT OF GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA (PSAK 48 REVISION 2009 FROM IAS 36)

This research examine the effect of goodwill impairment on earnings management. The change of standard stated that goodwill is no longer subject to amortization but impairment test raised a good chance for management to give their discretion over goodwill impairment. In this research, I estimate that goodwill impairment positively affects earnings management measured using discretionary accruals with board size, leverage, operating cash flows, and political cost as control variables. The model used for measuring discretionary accruals is Modified Jones model. By the total sample of 47 firms in Indonesia from 2011-2013, I found that goodwill impairment positively affects earnings management measured using discretionary accruals.
Online appendix for: Asymmetric Information and Imperfect Competition in Lending Markets Published in the American Economic Review

We study the effects of asymmetric information and imperfect competition in the market for small business lines of credit. We estimate a structural model of credit demand, loan use, pricing, and firm default using matched firm-bank data from Italy. We find evidence of adverse selection in the form of a positive correlation between the unobserved determinants of demand for credit and default. Our counterfactual experiments show that while increases in adverse selection increase prices and defaults on average, reducing credit supply, banks’ market power can mitigate these negative effects. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150487 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-161871 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Crawford, Gregory S; Pavanini, Nicola; Schivardi, Fabiano (2018). Asymmetric information and imperfect competition in lending markets. American Economic Review, 108(7):1659-1701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150487 Online appendix for: Asymmetric Information and Imperfect Competition in Lending Markets Published in the American Economic Review By Gregory S. Crawford, Nicola Pavanini and Fabiano Schivardi This appendix contains additional material referred to in the published paper. All references beginning with a number (Arabic or Latin) refer to the paper, while those beginning with a letter refer to the appendix itself. A. Conditional Means Results In this Appendix, we provide details of the conditional means results discussed in Section II.C of the paper. For simplicity, we focus only on the demand and default equations, and exclude consideration of loan use. From equation 1 in the paper, we write the firm’s borrowing decision as a binary choice between the outside good and the maximum utility it can receive from one of the Jmt inside goods. That is, a firm i will borrow from a bank j in market m in year t if: (A1) Max j∈1,. ,Jmt {ᾱ 0 +X ′D jmtβ + ξ jmt + αPijmt + Y ′D ijmtη + εi + νijmt} ≥ νi0mt. This can be rewritten as: εi ≥ νi0mt − ᾱ 0 − Max j∈1,. ,Jmt {X ′D jmtβ + ξ jmt + αPijmt + Y ′D ijmtη + νijmt} } {{ } Ti , (A2) where we can simplify the right-hand side, Ti, into a firm-specific component because each firm i in the sample is active in a single market and single year and, once we take the maximum, j drops out. That is, because unobserved demand for credit is firmand not bank-specific, the additional Type I Extreme Value errors, νijmt, do not complicate the calculation of the relationship between εi and ε F i . As far as adverse selection is concerned, we are interested in whether or not a firm borrows at all, not from which bank it borrows.
Strategic and financial planning in growth and survival oriented small firms

Business planning plays a crucial role in small firm’s growth and survival. Small firms need a formal, sophisticated financial and strategic planning. Past studies that examined successful small firms have also pointed out, that well-developed, soundly implemented, and properly controlled planning processes contribute to a firm’s success and to sales growth in particular. This paper aims to contribute to the existing knowledge of small business management in the following ways: firstly, we show how owner-managers growth and survival orientation affects to the length of planning horizon, budgeting and management accounting practices. Secondly, we examine the relationships between the contexts of firm’s financial performance to these managerial practices.
Genetic variation and population homogeneity of the sea star Coscinasterias tenuispina (Forcipulatida: Asteroidea) on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Genetic variation and population structure of the sea star Coscinasterias tenuispina were investigated using allozyme electrophoresis (seven polymorphic loci out of nine sampled) at seven sites on the coast of Rio de Janeiro State. Observed values of heterozygosities were high (H OBS = 0.31 - 0.53), although similar to those found for others marine invertebrates. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were found only for one locus in three populations. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found among any loci for any population. The genetic identities vary from 0.882 to 0.988. The average q was low and insignificant statistically ( q = 0.017). Furthermore, Bayesian analysis of population partitioning showed that the highest LnP(D) value was achieved for K = 1. These results do not corroborate any affect by upwelling limiting gene flow among the analysed populations or the hypothesis that the strong sex ratio imbalance previously recorded to Itaipu population has been maintained by asexual reproduction
Parameter and Uncertainty Estimation for Dynamical Systems Using Surrogate Stochastic Processes

Inference on unknown quantities in dynamical systems via observational data is essential for providing meaningful insight, furnishing accurate predictions, enabling robust control, and establishing appropriate designs for future experiments. Merging mathematical theory with empirical measurements in a statistically coherent way is critical and challenges abound, e.g., ill-posedness of the parameter estimation problem, proper regularization and incorporation of prior knowledge, and computational limitations. To address these issues, we propose a new method for learning parameterized dynamical systems from data. We first customize and fit a surrogate stochastic process directly to observational data, front-loading with statistical learning to respect prior knowledge (e.g., smoothness), cope with challenging data features like heteroskedasticity, heavy tails, and censoring. Then, samples of the stochastic process are used as "surrogate data" and point estimates are computed via ordinary point estimation methods in a modular fashion. Attractive features of this two-step approach include modularity and trivial parallelizability. We demonstrate its advantages on a predator-prey simulation study and on a real-world application involving within-host influenza virus infection data paired with a viral kinetic model, with comparisons to a more conventional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based Bayesian approach.
The Impact of Bank-Based and Market-Based Financial Development on Economic Growth: Time-Series Evidence From the United Kingdom

Abstract This paper examines the dynamic impact of both bank-based and market-based financial development on economic growth in the United Kingdom (UK) during the period 1980–2012, using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach. Given the complexity of the financial structure in the United Kingdom, various financial development indicators have been used to construct bank-based and market-based financial development indices. The empirical results of this study show that while market-based financial development has a positive impact on economic growth in the United Kingdom, bank-based financial development has a distinct negative impact. These results apply irrespective of whether the regression analysis is conducted in the long run or in the short run.
Is There a Real Estate Bubble in the Czech Republic

Real estate prices more than doubled in many countries of Central and Eastern Europe from 2003 to 2008. In this paper, I provide one of the first assessments of whether housing prices in this region correspond to rents, i.e. to cash-flows related to an apartment purchase. State-of-the-art panel data stationarity and Granger causality techniques are employed to test the implications of the standard present value model using regional data from the Czech Republic. Apartment prices are only slightly overvalued. In addition, changes in prices are helpful in predicting changes in rents and vice versa.
The Examination of the Normal Fetal Heart

The heart, anatomically and embryologically, is a segmented structure. The atria, the ventricles and the great arteries are the three major fundamental components. The heart should be examined echocardiographically by Sequential Segmental Analysis from the venous to the arterial poles following the blood flow. Each segment is evaluated independently considering not only the segmental situs (or location into the body) but also the connections of each heart segment to the others. A systematic approach by Sequential Segmental Analysis is a cornerstone of fetal cardiac study. First step is the identification of fetal heart position followed by the identification of position of the heart in relation to the body and the anatomic study of each cardiac chamber, and finally, the study of cardiac rhythms and function. The heart can be observed in infinity of planes, but few sections are the basis of fetal cardiac study. The examination starts with abdominal cross-sectional view for the identification of the viscero-atrial situs. Then the transthoracic four-chamber view should be obtained. This view allows to obtains a large amount of informations specially regarding the atria and ventricles, atrioventricular valves, interatrial and interventricular septum. Ventriculo-arterial connections are well identified by a gentle sweep towards the fetal neck, left ventricular outflow tract and ascending aorta are first visualized and, by further sweeping, also right ventricular outflow tract, branch pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus are correctly identified. The three vessel view give us information regarding left or right location of aortic arch. Short axis of the heart is evaluated from the cavo-atrial and ventricular segments to the ductal and aortic arches. Finally the study of heart rate and rhythm and of myocardial function ends the fetal heart examination.
The Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling Using a Genetic Algorithm-based Iterative Method

The objective is to investigate a well-known scheduling problem, namely the Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling with the makespan as the objective function to be minimized. Various techniques, ranging from the simple constructive algorithms to the state-of-the-art techniques, such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), have been cited in the pertinent literature to solve this type of scheduling problem. A new GA-based solution methodology was developed and implemented. In this context, the performance of a stand-alone genetic algorithm (referred to as the non-hybrid genetic algorithm) and a novel hybridized genetic algorithm amalgamated with an iterative greedy algorithm were studied. The parameters of the hybrid and the non-hybrid genetic algorithms were tuned using a Full Factorial Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance. The performance of the properly tuned hybridized GA-based algorithm was examined on the existing standard benchmark problems of Taillard and it was shown that the proposed hybridized genetic algorithm performs very well on the benchmark problems.
On Deriving Surface Tension Force in MEMS

This paper presents the comparison between the force balance method and the surface energy method in deriving surface tension forces of some microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) problems. For studying the force balance of the capillary rise in the wick structure of heat pipes or heat spreaders, not only the surface tension at the three-phase interfaces but also the free surfaces should be carefully considered. Meanwhile the intrinsic scalar quantity of surface energy method proves its systematic feature without too much physical insight into the surface tension issues. Finally the authors used the surface energy method to study the capillary stiction of a cantilever beam during its drying process. A surface tension-driven cantilever array using for flapping micro-air-vehicles (FMAVs) is exemplified to justify the theoretical prediction in a static manner.
Modern Strategy For New Medicine Research: Study Of Pharmacological Activities Of Riachin, A Non-Cyanogenic Cyanoglucoside Extracted From

Over the years the search for new molecules is growing, the success of new discoveries often occurs with molecules arising from the nature that subsequently pass through chemical improvements. Unfortunately many of the identified and isolated substances do not reach on to become a drug, a few times a discontinuity of research or possibly the lack of interest of researchers in some structures. Knowing that the Brazilian Flora is very diverse and still has a great variety of species not studied, each year new substances from nature are identified, many of these, possibly with the potential to become a new drug. In Northeast Brazil is not different and among the numerous plant species studied are those that make up the genus Bauhinia that has aroused the interest of researchers, among the most popular is the Bauhinia forficata.