Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Runx1 Is Expressed in Adult Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Differentiating Myeloid and Lymphoid Cells, But Not in Maturing Erythroid Cells

The transcription factor Runx1 marks all functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the embryo and is required for their generation. Mutations in Runx1 are found in approximately 25% of acute leukemias and in familial platelet disorder, suggesting a role for Runx1 in adult hematopoiesis as well. A comprehensive analysis of Runx1 expression in adult hematopoiesis is lacking. Here we show that Runx1 is expressed in functional HSCs in the adult mouse, as well as in cells with spleen colony‐forming unit (CFU) and culture CFU capacities. Additionally, we document Runx1 expression in all hematopoietic lineages at the single cell level. Runx1 is expressed in the majority of myeloid cells and in a smaller proportion of lymphoid cells. Runx1 expression substantially decreases during erythroid differentiation. We also document effects of reduced Runx1 levels on adult hematopoiesis.
Prisons and the human rights of persons with mental disorders

Purpose of review This paper deals with issues of human rights related to persons suffering from a mental disorder in the prison system. In particular, I consider whether the rights afforded prisoners with mental disorders in various international conventions and resolutions are being implemented in legislation and case law. Recent findings There have been advances in recent years in the Western world, particularly in the USA and the UK, with regard to prisoners’ rights. In the UK, there is now a partnership of responsibility between the National Health Service and the Prison Service so that these organizations would become jointly responsible for delivering health care to prisoners. In the USA, the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 and the Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004 go a long way in ensuring the basic rights of the imprisoned individual. Summary The large number of mentally ill inmates necessitates a continuous safeguarding of the rights of these individuals. It is now widely acknowledged that prisoners should be entitled to expect the same standard of health care as that provided to persons with unrestricted freedom, and have similar access to psychiatric beds. Further research is needed to see whether the improvement in their rights also improves their mental health and the long-term outcome of their illness.
To analyze the early results of a new device measuring ocular biomechanics after corneal refractive surgery

Purpose: To analyze the early results of a new device measuring ocular biomechanics after corneal refractive surgery. Patients and methods: Thirty nine refractive surgery patients were enrolled in the study (age: 32.6±9.9 years). Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) was performed on 52 eyes of 26 patients and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was done on 26 eyes of 13 patients. Ten device-specific biomechanical parameters, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pachymetry were measured preoperatively and at day 1, week 1 and month 1 after the surgeries with a new technology based on Scheimpflug imaging (CorVis ST, Oculus). Results: In case of LASIK, the day after the procedure, radius values showed significant differences compared to preoperative data. One month after surgery, radius values, velocity of the second applanation and pachymetry showed significant differences compared to preoperative data. In case of PRK, the day after the procedure, significant differences in IOP, maximum amplitude at the apex, A1 time, A2 velocity and highest concavity time were measured. After 1 month of PRK, there were no differences in the parameters compared to preoperative data except pachymetry. Conclusions: We observed that some specific biomechanical parameters changed measured with CorVis ST after LASIK and PRK, in the early postoperative time. However, most of these parameters remain unchanged after one month of LASIK and PRK compared to preoperative data.
Analysis of cis-acting sequences involved in plus-strand synthesis of a turnip crinkle virus-associated satellite RNA identifies a new carmovirus replication element.

Satellite RNA C (satC) is a 356-base subviral RNA associated with turnip crinkle virus (TCV). A 3'-proximal element (3'-UCCCAAAGUAU) located 11 bases from the 3' terminus of satC minus strands can function as an independent promoter in an in vitro RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) transcription system. Furthermore, in the absence of a 5'-proximal element, the 3'-proximal element is required for complementary strand synthesis in vitro. Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to investigate the functional significance of this element and the 3' minus-strand terminal sequence "3'-OH-CCCUAU," which contains the minus-strand 3'-end sequence "3'-OH-CC(1-2)(A/U)(A/U)(A/U)" found in all carmovirus RNAs. Single mutations in the 3'-terminal sequence, which we have named the carmovirus consensus sequence (CCS), suppressed satC plus-strand synthesis to undetectable levels in protoplasts while still permitting some minus-strand synthesis. However, single and multiple mutations introduced into the 3'-proximal element had little or no effect on satC accumulation in protoplasts. In vivo genetic selection (SELEX) of the minus-strand 3'-terminal 21 bases revealed that all satC species accumulating in plants contained the 3' CCS. In addition, the 3'-proximal element preferentially contained a sequence similar to the CCS and/or polypurines, suggesting that this element may also contribute to accumulation of satC in vivo.
Externally triggered renewed bubble nucleation in basaltic magma: The 12 October 2008 eruption at Halema‘uma‘u Overlook vent, Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, USA

[1] From October 2008 until present, dozens of small impulsive explosive eruptions occurred from the Overlook vent on the southeast side of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, at Kīlauea volcano, USA. These eruptions were triggered by rockfalls from the walls of the volcanic vent and conduit onto the top of the lava column. Here we use microtextural observations and data from clasts erupted during the well-characterized 12 October 2008 explosive eruption at Halema‘uma‘u to extend existing models of eruption triggering. We present a potential mechanism for this eruption by combining microtextural observations with existing geophysical and visual data sets. We measure the size and number density of bubbles preserved in juvenile ejecta using 2D images and X-ray microtomography. Our data suggest that accumulations of large bubbles with diameters of >50μm to at least millimeters existed at shallow levels within the conduit prior to the 12 October 2008 explosion. Furthermore, a high number density of small bubbles <50 μm is measured in the clasts, implying very rapid nucleation of bubbles. Visual observations, combined with preexisting geophysical data, suggest that the impact of rockfalls onto the magma free surface induces pressure changes over short timescales that (1) nucleated new additional bubbles in the shallow conduit leading to high number densities of small bubbles and (2) expanded the preexisting bubbles driving upward acceleration. The trigger of eruption and bubble nucleation is thus external to the degassing system.
Global Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Developing Mouse Neocortex Using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression

Molecular inventories of the developing mouse neocortex before and after birth were generated using the global gene expression profiling tool serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Libraries were generated from embryonic day 15 and postnatal day 1 mouse neocortex and more than 40,000 tags were collected (20,211 and 22,001 tags, representing 11,706 and 12,402 transcripts, respectively). Comparison of the two libraries resulted in the identification of 321 transcripts that were differentially expressed (P < 0.05). Differential expression was independently verified for selected genes by Northern blotting, and in situ hybridization revealed spatial expression patterns in the neocortex. Differentially expressed transcripts included genes known to be important in neocortical development (e.g., brain factor 1, neuroD2, and Id2), genes not previously associated with neocortical development (such as brahma-related gene 1, receptor for activated C-kinase I, hypermethylated in cancer 2, and Evi9), and genes of unknown identity or function.
Scaling method to increase data rate with no degradation in Vector Symbol Decoding performance

A scaling technique is proposed to maintain the decoding failure probability of Vector Symbol Decoding (VSD) with the increase in data rate. Specifically, the symbol size must be increased in the same ratio as the data rate. VSD is attractive since it allows for a very flexible scaling. This paper also presents a way to compute the optimal maximum number of syndromes to minimize the complexity of the decoder with no effect on the decoding performance. The results in a 2-state fading channel model show that the scaling of the symbol size from 446 to 892 (double) and to 1,784 (quadruple) bits/symbols can maintain the VSD decoding performance when the data rates are increased from 6 Mbps to 12 Mbps (double) and 24 Mbps (quadruple) respectively. General scaling ratios are also explained. The optimal numbers of maximum syndromes are presented for various convolutional codes as well.
A hybrid strategy with Simplified Optimal Trajectory Control for LLC resonant converters

In this paper, a Simplified Optimal Trajectory Control (SOTC) for the LLC resonant converters is proposed. During the steady state, linear compensator like PI or PID is used, controlling the switching frequency (fs) to eliminate the steady error. However, during load transients, the Simplified Optimal Trajectory Control (SOTC) method takes over, controlling the pulse widths of the driving signals. Using the state-plane analysis, the pulse widths are estimated, letting the state variables track the optimum trajectory locus in the minimum period of time. Experimental results show that digital logic requirement is very small, but the performance improvement is significant.
Plasmodium Suppresses Expansion of T Cell Responses to Heterologous Infections

Plasmodium remains a major pathogen causing malaria and impairing defense against other infections. Defining how Plasmodium increases susceptibility to heterologous pathogens may lead to interventions that mitigate the severity of coinfections. Previous studies proposed that reduced T cell responses during coinfections are due to diminished recruitment of naive T cells through infection-induced decreases in chemokine CCL21. We found that, although Listeria infections reduced expression of CCL21 in murine spleens, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific T cell responses were not impaired during Listeria + LCMV coinfection, arguing against a major role for this chemokine in coinfection-induced T cell suppression. In our experiments, Plasmodium yoelii infection led to a reduced CD8+ T cell response to a subsequent Listeria infection. We propose an alternative mechanism whereby P. yoelii suppresses Listeria-specific T cell responses. We found that Listeria-specific T cells expanded more slowly and resulted in lower numbers in response to coinfection with P. yoelii. Mathematical modeling and experimentation revealed greater apoptosis of Listeria-specific effector T cells as the main mechanism, because P. yoelii infections did not suppress the recruitment or proliferation rates of Listeria-specific T cells. Our results suggest that P. yoelii infections suppress immunity to Listeria by causing increased apoptosis in Listeria-specific T cells, resulting in a slower expansion rate of T cell responses.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and kinetic parameters of phosphorus absorption by bean plants

The mechanisms that determine greater P absorption by mycorrhizal plants are still not completely clear, and are attributed, in part, to an increase in the number of absorption sites promoted by the hyphae, and/or to a greater affinity of the colonized hypha or root carriers to P. The effect of mycorrhizae formed by Glomus etunicatum on the kinetic parameters of P absorption by the roots and on P influx in bean plants of the IAC-Carioca cultivar was evaluated, in two distinct plant development periods: at the onset of flowering and at the pod-filling stage (35 and 50 days after sowing, respectively). A mixture of sand and silica (9:1) was utilized as substrate and irrigated with nutrient solution. The kinetics assay was performed by the method of 32P depletion from the solution (depletion curve), using intact plants. Mycorrhization promoted greater growth and P absorption by bean plants, which was more conspicuously observed at the pod-filling stage. Mycorrhizal plants showed higher values of maximum ion uptake rate (Vmax) and net P influx at the flowering stage. Lower minimum ion concentration (Cmin) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values were verified in mycorrhizal plants at the pod-filling stage. Mycorrhizal plants also presented higher net P influx per plant, in both stages. Cmin was the kinetic parameter more intimately related to P absorption, and a significant correlation was obtained between this parameter and shoot P content and accumulation in bean plants.
Game-Theoretic Analysis of Attack and Defense in Cyber-Physical Network Infrastructures

Critical infrastructures rely on cyber and physical components that are both subject to natural, incidental or intentional degradations. Game theory has been used in studying the strategic interactions between attackers and defenders for critical infrastructure protection, but has not been extensively used in complex cyber-physical networks. This paper fills the gap by modeling the probabilities of successful attacks in both cyber and physical spaces as functions of the number of components that are attacked and defended. The results show that the attack effort would first increase then decrease in (a) defense effort, (b) the probability of successful attack on each component, (c) the number of minimum required functioning resources, and (d) the maximum number of available resources. Comparing simultaneous and sequential games, our results show that the defender performs better when she moves first. Our research provides some novel insights into the survival of such infrastructures and optimal resource allocation under various costs and target valuations that players may have.
An Exploration of Multivariate Fluctuation Dissipation Operators and Their Response to Sea Surface Temperature Perturbations

The fluctuation‐dissipation theorem (FDT) has been proposed as a method of calculating the mean response of the atmosphere to small external perturbations. This paper explores the application of the theory under time and space constraints that approximate realistic conditions. To date, most applications of the theory in the climate context used univariate, low-dimensional-state representations of the climate system and an arbitrarily long sample size. The authors explore high-dimensional multivariate FDT operators and the lower bounds of sample size needed to construct skillful operators. It is shown that the skill of the operator depends on the selection of variables and features representing the climate system and that these features change once memory (slab ocean) is added to the system. In addition, it is found that the FDT operator has skill in estimating the response to realistic sea surface temperature (SST) patterns, such as El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), despite the fact that these patterns were not part of the data used to produce the operator. The response of clouds is also studied; for variables that represent cloud properties, the decrease in skill in relation to decrease in sample size still maintains the key features of the response.
Financing Micro and Small firms during the Great Recession ∗ Job Market Paper

This paper examines the role of bank lending frictions and the housing-collateral lending channel for small business credit during the Great Recession. I use a new dataset from the leading online accounting software in the United States, with millions of financial transactions, links to banks, and owner and firm addresses for small businesses. Using the failure of banks associated with the firm and movements in house prices at the business owner’s home ZIP code as shocks to credit supply, I find that bank failures are associated with declines in credit for small firms (small businesses with 10 to 250 employees) but not micro firms (those with 2 to 10 employees). In contrast, movements in house prices at the owner’s location are positively associated with credit for micro firms but not small firms. The results suggest differences within small businesses in the channels used to overcome asymmetric information. Micro firms may depend more on personal housing collateral and small firms on lending relationships, consistent with the associated costs to lenders. JEL CODES: G210, R310, L260, D220
Construction of a novel detection system for protein–protein interactions using yeast G‐protein signaling

In the current study, we report the construction of a novel system for the detection of protein–protein interactions using yeast G‐protein signaling. It is well established that the G‐protein γ subunit (Gγ) is anchored to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane via lipid modification in the C‐terminus, and that this localization of Gγ is required for signal transduction. In our system, mutated Gγ (Gγcyto) lacking membrane localization ability was genetically prepared by deletion of the lipid modification site. Complete disappearance of G‐protein signal was observed when Gγcyto was expressed in the cytoplasm of yeast cells from which the endogenous Gγ gene had been deleted. In order to demonstrate the potential use of our system, we utilized the Staphylococcus aureus ZZ domain and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a model interaction pair. To design our detection system for protein–protein interaction, the ZZ domain was altered so that it associates with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, and the Fc part was then fused to Gγcyto. The Fc–Gγcyto fusion protein migrated towards the membrane via the ZZ–Fc interaction, and signal transduction was therefore restored. This signal was successfully detected by assessing growth inhibition and transcription in response to G‐protein signaling. Finally, several Z variants displaying affinity constants ranging from 8.0 × 103 to 6.8 × 108 m−1 were prepared, and it was demonstrated that our system was able to discriminate subtle differences in affinity. In conclusion, our system appears to be a reliable and versatile technique for detection of protein–protein interactions, and may prove useful in future protein interaction studies.
Genetic association between TGF-β 1 C 509 T polymorphism and IgA nephropathy susceptibility : a meta-analysis

Background: Several epidemiological studies have investigated the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) C509T polymorphism in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) susceptibility. However, the results were inconsistent. Objective: This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the genetic association between C509T polymorphism and IgAN susceptibility. Materials and methods: Thorough literature search of Pubmed, Web of science, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), a total of 10 case-control studies were identified. Odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the association. Results: Based on the collected data consisting of 1518 IgAN cases and 1716 controls, indicating no significant association between TGF-β1 C509T polymorphism and overall IgAN predisposed susceptibility (T vs. C, OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96-1.17; TT vs. CC, OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.87-1.44; CT vs. CC, OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.96-1.33; TT+CT vs. CC, OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.03; TT vs. CT+CC, OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.86-1.23). However, the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed evidence for increased risk of IgAN in Caucasian populations. Conclusion: This investigation on the association between TGF-β1 C509T polymorphism and IgAN predisposed susceptibility reveals that TGF-β1 C509T polymorphism would not be a risk factor for IgA nephropathy.
Competence of Trauma Social Workers

In recent years, there has been growing interest in examining role competence and the factors that can contribute to a sense of role competence among social workers. In the present study, we used the occupational competence model (OCM) as a basis for examining the contribution of the personal dimension (mastery, self-esteem, and secondary traumatization),environmental dimension (support systems),-and occupational dimension (exposure to the field of family violence) to the social worker’s subjective sense of role competence. Participants in the study were 214 social workers employed at centers for prevention of family violence, at shelters for victims of violence against women, and at social service bureaus. The findings indicate that in the occupational dimension, the contribution of exposure to work in the field of family violence contributed significantly to two components of the participants’ subjective sense of role competence: general sense of role competence and task knowledge/problem solving. In the personal dimension, the contribution of secondary traumatization and mastery to a sense of role competence was significant. In the environmental dimension (i.e., support systems), the specific contribution of managerial support to the participants’ sense of role competence was significant. In light of these findings, practical recommendations for developing a sense of role competence among social workers are provided.
Circulating and Tissue Resident Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Progenitor cells for the endothelial lineage have been widely investigated for more than a decade, but continue to be controversial since no unique identifying marker has yet been identified. This review will begin with a discussion of the basic tenets originally proposed for proof that a cell displays properties of an endothelial progenitor cell. We then provide an overview of the methods for putative endothelial progenitor cell derivation, expansion, and enumeration. This discussion includes consideration of cells that are present in the circulation as well as cells resident in the vascular endothelial intima. Finally, we provide some suggested changes in nomenclature that would greatly clarify and demystify the cellular elements involved in vascular repair. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 10–16, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and Modelling of HEMTs as Microwave and Millimetre Wave MMIC Switches

The potential of the HEMT as microwave and millimetre wave MMIC switch is investigated. Therefore, we determine a suitable small-signal model to represent both switching states. This enables us to interpret the HEMT switch performance in terms of layer structures and layout parameters. This analysis shows that HEMTs are useful MMIC switch candidates due to their low Ron at a relatively small gate width.
Coexistence of tick-borne pathogens in game animals and ticks in western Poland

Molecular studies enabling the recognition of the role of game and ticks in the circulation of patho- gens transmitted by ticks and detection of coinfections in order to estimate a risk which a contact with tissues of roe deer, red deer and wild boar from north-western Poland brings were the aim of this research. DNA isolated from the blood and spleen of game and from Ixodes ricinus were the study materials. The results shows that Capreolus capreolus and Cervus elaphus play an important role in the life cycle of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, two Bartonella species, Theileria and Babesia spp. Whereas in the isolates obtained from 50 representatives of Sus scrofa, the DNA of only one pathogen, A. phagocytophilum occurred. 63.5% of 74 PCR+ isolates from Capreolus capreolus showed a double coinfection and three isolates - triple. In the tissues of Cervus elaphus, the coinfec - tions were triple in 38% of individuals, double in 40%, single in 84%.