Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demonstration and Assessment of Purification Cascades for the Separation and Valorization of Hemicellulose from Organosolv Beechwood Hydrolyzates

Hemicellulose and its derivatives have a high potential to replace fossil-based materials in various high-value-added products. Within this study, two purification cascades for the separation and valorization of hemicellulose and its derived monomeric sugars from organosolv beechwood hydrolyzates (BWHs) were experimentally demonstrated and assessed. Purification cascade 1 included hydrothermal treatment for converting remaining hemicellulose oligomers to xylose and the purification of the xylose by nanofiltration. Purification cascade 2 included the removal of lignin by adsorption, followed by ultrafiltration for the separation and concentration of hemicellulose. Based on the findings of the experimental work, both cascades were simulated on an industrial scale using Aspen Plus®. In purification cascade 1, 63% of the oligomeric hemicellulose was hydrothermally converted to xylose and purified by nanofiltration to 7.8 t/h of a xylose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L. In purification cascade 2, 80% of the lignin was removed by adsorption, and 7.6 t/h of a purified hemicellulose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L was obtained using ultrafiltration. The energy efficiency of the cascades was 59% and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the estimation of specific production costs showed that xylose can be recovered from BWH at the cost of 73.7 EUR/t and hemicellulose at 135.1 EUR/t.
Two new species of Tanichthys (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from China

Abstract. Tanichthys albiventris, new species, from the River Jiangping in Dongxing City, Guangxi Province is distinguished from Tanichthys albonubes by the presence of a reddish-orange dorsal-fin margin (vs. white) and 9-10 (9 in mode) branched anal-fin rays (vs. 8 in mode). Tanichthys flavianalis, new species, from the River Jiuqu in Qionghai City, Hainan Province is distinguished from T. albiventris and T. albonubes by the presence of a golden anal-fin margin (vs. white) and 7 (rarely 6) branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6 in mode). In T. albiventris, T. albonubes, and T. flavianalis the black lateral stripe is located on the dorsal half of the flank, distinguishing them from Tanichthys kuehnei and Tanichthys micagemmae, in which it is mid-lateral. Tanichthys thabacensis is different from all other species of Tanichthys in the shape of the mouth and insertion of the anal fin; it is tentatively referred to as Aphyocypris.
Psychological Flexibility Mediates Wellbeing for People with Adverse Childhood Experiences during COVID-19

Background: The psychological impact of COVID-19 is multifaceted, both acute and chronic, and has not affected everyone equally. Method: This longitudinal study compared those with and without Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on measures of psychological distress and wellbeing over time. Results: All groups (No ACE, Low ACE, and High ACE) had similar levels of distress at Time 1, with significant increases in psychological distress for those with ACEs over time, but not for those without. Psychological Flexibility was strongly and significantly associated with decreases in psychological distress and improved wellbeing. It significantly mediated the relationship between ACE and wellbeing. Conclusions: Those with ACEs report significantly increased psychological distress over time, compared to those without ACE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based interventions using Psychological Flexibility may improve mental health and wellbeing to help further mediate its effects.
Analysis of the Distribution, Rotation and Scale Characteristics of Solar Wind Switchbacks: Comparison between the First and Second Encounters of Parker Solar Probe

The S-shaped magnetic structure in the solar wind formed by the twisting of magnetic field lines is called a switchback, whose main characteristics are the reversal of the magnetic field and the significant increase in the solar wind radial velocity. We identify 242 switchbacks during the first two encounters of Parker Solar Probe. Statistics methods are applied to analyze the distribution and the rotation angle and direction of the magnetic field rotation of the switchbacks. The diameter of switchbacks is estimated with a minimum variance analysis (MVA) method based on the assumption of a cylindrical magnetic tube. We also make a comparison between switchbacks from inside and the boundary of coronal holes. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the rotation angles of switchbacks observed during the first encounter seem larger than those of the switchbacks observed during the second encounter in general; (2) the tangential component of the velocity inside the switchbacks tends to be more positive (westward) than in the ambient solar wind; (3) switchbacks are more likely to rotate clockwise than counterclockwise, and the number of switchbacks with clockwise rotation is 1.48 and 2.65 times those with counterclockwise rotation during the first and second encounters, respectively; (4) the diameter of switchbacks is about 105 km on average and across five orders of magnitude (103–107 km).
Correlations between rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and standard coagulation tests following viper snakebites

Background A high prevalence of venom-induced consumption coagulopathy has been reported in individuals with viper snakebites. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a rapid technique that could be advantageous in assessing and monitoring coagulation disorders. Purpose To explore correlations between ROTEM and standard coagulation tests. Patients and methods This prospective observational study was performed among 41 patients with viper envenomation admitted to the Vietnam Poison Control Center from April 2016 to October 2017. Standard coagulation measurements [platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen level] and ROTEM indicators [clotting time (CT), amplitude (at set time: 5 and 10 minutes), clot information time (CFT) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) for extrinsic (EXTEM), intrinsic (INTEM), and fibrin based (FIBTEM) ROTEM] were obtained. Results For INTEM, EXTEM, the FIBTEM, proportions of patients with prolonged CT were 34.1%, 63.4%, and 61.0% respectively and the proportions of patients with decreased MCF were 62.2%, 62.2%, and 35.5%, respectively. Moderate correlations were observed between PT and EXTEM CT (r = 0.627), aPTT and INTEM CT (r = 0.626), fibrinogen and FIBTEM MCF (r = 0.723), and platelet count and EXTEM MCF (0.60). Conclusion ROTEM indicated a hypocoagulation state in patients with viper snakebite and was moderately correlated with standard coagulation parameters.
Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for Depth Completion with Anisotropic Diffusion Depth Enhancement

The objective of depth completion is to generate a dense depth map by upsampling a sparse one. However, irregular sparse patterns or the lack of groundtruth data caused by unstructured data make depth completion extremely challenging. Sensor fusion using both RGB and LIDAR sensors can help produce a more reliable context with higher accuracy. Compared with previous approaches, this method takes semantic segmentation images as additional input and develops an unsupervised loss function. Thus, when combined with supervised depth loss, the depth completion problem is considered as semi-supervised learning. We used an adapted Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network architecture instead of applying the traditional autoencoder approach and post-processing process to preserve valid depth measurements received from the input and further enhance the depth value precision of the results. Our proposed method was evaluated on the KITTI depth completion benchmark, and its performance in depth completion was proven to be competitive.
Study on dynamic system scheme of launch vehicle based on RBCC

Based on structure,working process and characteristics of RBCC engine,dynamic system indices and the feasibility of RBCC engine dynamic system scheme of launch vehicle were analyzed in combination of some dynamic requirements of the air-breathing reusable launch vehicle.The performance parameters of the RBCC engine under each working modal were calculated.Aiming at the same requirements of launch vehicle,two kinds of dynamic system schemes of launch vehicle(such as RBCC engine and pure rocket engine) were compared by means of flight trajectory simulation,which use the same system and aerodynamic parameters.The investigation results show that compared to pure rocket engine dynamic system,RBCC engine dynamic system can obviously reduce fuel consumption and increase flight range.
Fuzzy System of Genetic Algorithm Optimization and Its Application on pH Control of Fermentation

For there is a change of pH value of the fermentation in serious nonlinear,time delay and timevarying,fuzzy adaptive PID control solution can online tune PID control parameters in real-time,pH control can be achieved by actuator controlling the amount of alkali liquor added to the fermentation tank,and genetic algorithm can be used to optimize the initial parameters of PID.The simulation results show that the fuzzy adaptive PID control of genetic algorithm optimization has advantages of rising fast,high precision adjustment,good stability,short transition time,small overshoot.Therefore,it is effective,feasible solution.Finally,we designed the software and hardware and did verification experiment.
The predictive effects of students' perception of teaching practices in TV instruction on students' self-efficacy

The COVID-19 pandemic forced school closures worldwide. TV instruction became one of the main distance-learning modalities across the globe. Given the scarce evidence of effects of TV instruction on students and broad evidence that quality of teaching is a vital factor of students' achievements and motivational beliefs, the main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the perceived quality of TV teaching practices and one of the most important student outcomes - academic self-efficacy. Sample consisted 1904 primary and lower secondary students. We constructed two measures of self-efficacy: a general measure of student's selfefficacy with regard to the subject and a situational measure of self-efficacy towards the current TV lesson. Students' perception of teaching practices was measured by a composite scale made of ten statements. We conducted regression and mediation analysis in order to identify potential mediation of general self-efficacy in the given subject. Students' perception of teaching practices was found to be a significant predictor that explained 40.55% of the variance of situational self-efficacy towards the current lesson, and the 14% of total effect was mediated by general students' self-efficacy. The results indicate that, even in the indirect and asynchronous TV instruction, teachers can nurture student self-efficacy towards current lessons and tasks by creating a supportive environment, providing clear representation of knowledge, emphasizing the relevance of the learning content by linking the new material and concepts to the students' life experiences and prior knowledge, and by giving challenging tasks to enhance students' engagement.
Effects of Mass Media Framing of Protest Movements: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Mass Media Studies

This study aimed to estimate an overall mean effect size of mass media framing of protest movements to provide an up-to-date overview of protest framing researches through a systematic review. Several scholars who have been engaged in framing researches were less consistent and lacked repeated stimuli in their findings, which inspired this study. This study used a rigorous systematic review to analyze protest movements of framing researches that addressed the effects of media framing of protest movements. Data were identified from two major databases and indexing services that produced 29 relevant studies included for analysis. The data were extracted with a structured format prepared in Microsoft Excel and copied to OpenMeta[analyst] software for analysis. Then, the pooled estimation of the outcomes was performed by the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model at 95% confidence interval and produced an overall random weighted mean effect size of Pearson ’ s product-moment correlation (r)=0.352. of various studies in mass media framing of protest movement through testing of some moderating variables. This meta-analysis identified that there is a moderate weighted mean effect size of mass media framing of protest movements, which has a stronger effect on studies involving content categories than studies involving survey participants. The study also arrived at the effects of protest media framing is higher in the favor of status quo support than protesters/protesters ’ support. Regardless of some limitations in this meta-analytic review, which demand further research, the present study contributes to the communication literature by representing the influence of political communication in the context of mass media framing and exploring the diverse circumstances under which mass media framing of protest movement has a greater effect
Dual Polarized Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antenna for 5G Communication System

A dual-polarized phased array antenna is presented with wide-angle scanning capability in this paper. To improve the mutual coupling in the array, a current cancellation method (CCM) is proposed by changing the current distribution on the excited unit to induce a pair of the canceled currents on the adjacent unit. Meanwhile, this current distribution broadens the beam-width of the unit in the array. Besides, the proposed method can also optimize the array unit size and achieve a small inter-unit distance for wide-angle scanning capability. A low-profile dual-polarization antenna operating in the bandwidth from 4.4 GHz to 5.0 GHz is designed as a linear array and a planar array to verify the proposed method. Regardless of the linear array or planar array, the mutual coupling in the array is below -19 dB, which is better than that in conventional arrays. Meanwhile, the antenna unit in the array can radiate a wide-beam pattern. Two arrays can scan over ±60° for both polarizations. Within the scanning range, the realized gain reduction is less than 3 dB and the side-lobe level is lower than -7.5 dB. To verify the performance, two array antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. The experimental results agree well with the simulation.
Macrophage interferon regulatory factor 4 deletion ameliorates aristolochic acid nephropathy via reduced migration and increased apoptosis

Aristolochic acid (AA) is the causative nephrotoxic alkaloid in AA nephropathy, which results in a tubulointerstitial fibrosis. AA causes direct proximal tubule damage as well as an influx of macrophages, although the role of macrophages in pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that AA directly stimulates migration, inflammation, and ROS production in macrophages ex vivo. Cells lacking interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a known regulator of macrophage migration and phenotype, had a reduced migratory response, though effects on ROS production and inflammation were preserved or increased relative to WT cells. Macrophage-specific IRF4-knockout mice were protected from both acute and chronic kidney effects of AA administration based on functional and histological analysis. Renal macrophages from kidneys of AA-treated macrophage-specific IRF4-knockout mice demonstrated increased apoptosis and ROS production compared with WT controls, indicating that AA directly polarizes macrophages to a promigratory and proinflammatory phenotype. However, knockout mice had reduced renal macrophage abundance following AA administration. While macrophages lacking IRF4 can adopt a proinflammatory phenotype upon AA exposure, their inability to migrate to the kidney and increased rates of apoptosis upon infiltration provide protection from AA in vivo. These results provide evidence of direct AA effects on macrophages in AA nephropathy and add to the growing body of evidence that supports a key role of IRF4 in modulating macrophage function in kidney injury.
Advanced Test Mass Suspensions and Electrostatic Control for AIGO

This thesis presents the research done towards the development of the final mirror suspension stage for the high power test facility at AIGO, Western Australia. One of the goals of the facility is to test advanced suspension methods that may be useful in future gravitational wave detectors. An in depth study of current mirror suspension techniques is presented and areas of possible improvement are highlighted. The extension of an existing suspension modelling toolkit written in Mathematica is also presented, where added functions allow one to include the violin modes of a suspension into their analysis. Through this tool, new suspension geometries boasting a lower number of violin modes with lower Q factors where developed. The orthogonal ribbon suspension and the thin tube suspension boast a lower number of lower Q violin modes compared to typical ribbon suspensions. For the latter, a reduction in the number of violin modes below 5kHz down to 5 and peak thermal noise amplitude by approximately 30dB is predicted. Presented also is the affect that such suspension geometries have on pendulum mode dilution factor and overall suspension thermal noise. It is seen that the violin mode improvement comes at a cost of a small increase in thermal noise above approximately 50Hz. A theoretical analysis of the AIGO cavity locking control scheme is also given. Issues of sensor noise and dynamic range are considered to produce a possible hierarchical locking method that would be compatible with advanced detectors. The resulting actuator force range requirements for AIGO at each actuation location on the vibration isolation system are given. Requirements of local controls before achieving cavity lock are also discussed. Finally, the suspension of a dummy sapphire mirror using removable modular niobium ribbons is presented. The design and performance of an electrostatic actuator and sensor for suspended mirror control is given. Initial experimental results of positioning and control of the final stage suspension through a digital interface is also included.
3D Bioprinting for esophageal tissue regeneration: A review

The esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach and is mandatory for survival in all organisms. However, this vital organ is non-regenerative and poses a risk due to various infections and congenital disabilities. The current medical interventions available are not highly effective for treatment, and hence tissue engineering strategy is adopted to mimic the native microenvironment and fabricate tubular scaffolds to address the partial and full-length defects of the esophagus. The robotically controlled three-dimensional (3D) bioprinter is suitable for printing the tubular organ with the desired bioinks, comprising growth-stimulating materials and live cells. This review details the state-of-the-art alternatives for esophageal tissue engineering. We have presented the literature describing the anatomy and various esophagus diseases, tissue regeneration strategies, and how bioprinting can support the development of artificial intelligence esophageal. The 3D printing with suitable bioinks, stem cell interventions, and invivo models for esophagus regeneration are discussed.
Factors Affecting Antibiotic Prescription among Hospital Physicians in a Low-Antimicrobial-Resistance Country: A Qualitative Study

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to hospital patients. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) can counteract AMR. To optimize ASPs, we need to understand what affects physicians’ antibiotic prescription from several contexts. In this study, we aimed to explore the factors affecting hospital physicians’ antibiotic choices in a low-resistance country to identify potential targets for future ASPs. We interviewed 14 physicians involved in antibiotic prescription in a Norwegian hospital. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The main factors affecting antibiotic prescription were a high work pressure, insufficient staff resources, and uncertainties regarding clinical decisions. Treatment expectations from patients and next of kin, benevolence towards the patients, suboptimal microbiological testing, and limited time for infectious disease specialists to offer advisory services also affected the antibiotic choices. Future ASP efforts should evaluate the system organization and prioritizations to address and manage potential time-pressure issues. To limit the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, improving microbiology testing and the routines for consultations with infectious disease specialists seems beneficial. We also identified a need among the prescribing physicians for a debate on ethical antibiotic questions.
Mechanical Compression of Human Airway Epithelial Cells Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles Containing Tenascin C

Aberrant remodeling of the asthmatic airway is not well understood but is thought to be attributable in part to mechanical compression of airway epithelial cells. Here, we examine compression-induced expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin C (TNC) from well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown in an air–liquid interface culture. We measured TNC mRNA expression using RT-qPCR and secreted TNC protein using Western blotting and ELISA. To determine intracellular signaling pathways, we used specific inhibitors for either ERK or TGF-β receptor, and to assess the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) we used a commercially available kit and Western blotting. At baseline, secreted TNC protein was significantly higher in asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic cells. In response to mechanical compression, both TNC mRNA expression and secreted TNC protein was significantly increased in both non-asthmatic and asthmatic cells. TNC production depended on both the ERK and TGF-β receptor pathways. Moreover, mechanically compressed HBE cells released EVs that contain TNC. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which mechanical compression, as is caused by bronchospasm, is sufficient to induce the production of ECM protein in the airway and potentially contribute to airway remodeling.