Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Text Classification based on Feature Extension using Information in Images

With the quick development and extensive application of the Internet, there is a growing desire for people to share their life or opinions on social networks, which produces a mass of short texts. Short texts are characterized by short length, sparse features, and a lack of contextual information. Thus, it is difficult for conventional methods to achieve high quality classification performance. To achieve a higher classification accuracy, this paper proposes a novel short text classification method based on feature extension by incorporating the information of the images. Specifically, we first generate a sentence that descripts the images by image caption technology, and then we combine the generated sentence with the text as the input of the classifier. Meanwhile, we introduce a similarity module in terms of the correlation between the image and the short text so as to determine whether the two sentences are combined or not. Simulation results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy.
Tilt error in cryospheric surface radiation measurements at high latitudes: a model study

Abstract. We have evaluated the magnitude and makeup of error in cryospheric radiation observations due to small sensor misalignment in in situ measurements of solar irradiance. This error is examined through simulation of diffuse and direct irradiance arriving at a detector with a cosine-response fore optic. Emphasis is placed on assessing total error over the solar shortwave spectrum from 250 to 4500 nm, as well as supporting investigation over other relevant shortwave spectral ranges. The total measurement error introduced by sensor tilt is dominated by the direct component. For a typical high-latitude albedo measurement with a solar zenith angle of 60°, a sensor tilted by 1, 3, and 5° can, respectively introduce up to 2.7, 8.1, and 13.5 % error into the measured irradiance and similar errors in the derived albedo. Depending on the daily range of solar azimuth and zenith angles, significant measurement error can persist also in integrated daily irradiance and albedo. Simulations including a cloud layer demonstrate decreasing tilt error with increasing cloud optical depth.
Development of a laboratory system to investigate and store electrical energy from the vibrations of a piezoelectric beam

Energy harvesting from surrounding environment has been attractive for many researchers in recent years. Therefore, developing appropriate test apparatus to study energy harvesting mechanisms and their performance is of paramount importance. Due to their electromechanical characteristics, piezoelectric materials are used for harvesting energy from environmental vibrations. For optimum utilization of this system in harvesting and storing energy, the studies need to consider the environmental conditions. In this work, the electromechanical system is developed with the aim of conducting tests on piezoelectric materials. It is an integrated system which is developed and built after considering the limitations and sensitivity of piezoelectric material. In this research, the simple piezoelectric beam is also tested. Evaluation results via this system are analysed using Abaqus. The error value in receiving output voltage is 6% because an ideal open circuit state is considered by this software.
Looking Beyond the Canonical Formulation and Evaluation Paradigm of Prepositional Phrase Attachment

Prepositional phrase attachment has long been considered one of the most difficult tasks in automated syntactic parsing of natural language text. In this thesis, we examine several aspects of what has become the dominant view of PP attachment in natural language processing with an eye toward extending this view to a more realistic account of the problem. In particular, we take issue with the manner in which most PP attachment work is evaluated, and the degree to which traditional assumptions and simplifications no longer allow for realistically meaningful assessments. We also argue for looking beyond the canonical subset of attachment problems, where almost all attention has been focused, toward a fuller view of the task, both in terms of the types of ambiguities addressed and the contextual information considered.
Institutional Quality Matter and Vietnamese Corporate Debt Maturity

This article studies whether firm-level and country-level factors affect a corporation’s debt maturity in the case of Vietnam or not. The paper adopts the balance panel data of 267 listed companies on the two Vietnamese trading boards, HOSE and HNX, in the period from 2008 to 2015, estimated by the FEM, REM, 2SLS and GMM method. For intrinsic factors, research results show that financial leverage and default risk control have a high positive statistical significance with debt maturity, but tangible assets are lower than those factors. In addition, growth opportunities and company quality have negative impacts on debt maturity. For external factors, the results point out that economic growth, stock market development and governmental regulation efficiency demonstrate a positive relationship with debt maturity with fairly low correlation levels. In spite of that, the inflation rate, financial development, the rule of law, corruption control and the rights of creditor factors have negative correlations with debt maturity.
Exploring Invention Capability

Research on invention has focused on business invention and little work has been conducted on the process and capability required for the individual inventor or the capabilities required for an advice to be considered an invention. This paper synthesises the results of an empirical survey of ten inventor case studies with current research on invention and recent capability affordance research to develop an integrated capability process model of human capabilities for invention and specific capabilities of an invented device. We identify eight necessary human effectivities required for individual invention capability and six functional key activities using these effectivities, to deliver the functional capability of invention. We also identified key differences between invention and general problem solving processes. Results suggest that inventive step capability relies on a unique application of principles that relate to a new combination of affordance chain with a new mechanism and or space time (affordance) path representing the novel way the device works, in conjunction with defined critical affordance operating factors that are the subject of the patent claims.
One Martian year of atmospheric observations using MER Mini‐TES

[1] The Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) landed on the surface of Mars in January 2004. Thermal infrared spectra taken by the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) instrument on board each rover, collected in both the upward-looking and downward-looking geometries, has allowed for the retrieval of atmospheric temperatures between 1 and 2000 m above the surface, the column optical depth of dust, and the column abundance of water vapor for more than one full Martian year. During this period, Mini-TES has observed the annual cycle of temperature variations, the diurnal growth and decay of a near-surface highly superadiabatic layer, and random temperature fluctuations on a timescale of less than a minute. Mini-TES observations also record the timing, duration, and intensity of several local-scale and regional-scale dust storms and the annual variation of water vapor abundance at the two rover locations.
Interactions between Antarctic sea ice and large-scale atmospheric modes in CMIP5 models

Abstract. The response of Antarctic sea ice to large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability varies according to sea ice sector and season. In this study, interannual atmosphere–sea ice interactions were explored using observations and reanalysis data, and compared with simulated interactions by models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Simulated relationships between atmospheric variability and sea ice variability generally reproduced the observed relationships, though more closely during the season of sea ice advance than the season of sea ice retreat. Atmospheric influence on sea ice is known to be strongest during advance, and it appears that models are able to capture the dominance of the atmosphere during advance. Simulations of ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions during retreat, however, require further investigation. A large proportion of model ensemble members overestimated the relative importance of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) compared with other modes of high southern latitude climate, while the influence of tropical forcing was underestimated. This result emerged particularly strongly during the season of sea ice retreat. The zonal patterns of the SAM in many models and its exaggerated influence on sea ice overwhelm the comparatively underestimated meridional influence, suggesting that simulated sea ice variability would become more zonally symmetric as a result. Across the seasons of sea ice advance and retreat, three of the five sectors did not reveal a strong relationship with a pattern of large-scale atmospheric variability in one or both seasons, indicating that sea ice in these sectors may be influenced more strongly by atmospheric variability unexplained by the major atmospheric modes, or by heat exchange in the ocean.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF IMAGE CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS

Image classification plays an integral role in computer vision. Given an image a computer must be able to classify what the image represents. While this is a fairly simple task for humans, it is not an easy task for computers. Computers must go through a series of steps in order to classify a single image. In this paper, we used a saliency based segmentation process to compare two different classification methods. Both K-NearestNeighbor (KNN) and Support-Vector-Machine (SVM) classification are designed using VHDL code. We were able to observe that the SVM classifier outdoes the KNN classifier. For future work, we hope to use more categories for the objects and to use more sophisticated classifiers.
Large forest fires in Canada, 1959–1997

[1] A Large Fire Database (LFDB), which includes information on fire location, start date, final size, cause, and suppression action, has been developed for all fires larger than 200 ha in area for Canada for the 1959–1997 period. The LFDB represents only 3.1% of the total number of Canadian fires during this period, the remaining 96.9% of fires being suppressed while <200 ha in size, yet accounts for ∼97% of the total area burned, allowing a spatial and temporal analysis of recent Canadian landscape-scale fire impacts. On average ∼2 million ha burned annually in these large fires, although more than 7 million ha burned in some years. Ecozones in the boreal and taiga regions experienced the greatest areas burned, with an average of 0.7% of the forested land burning annually. Lightning fires predominate in northern Canada, accounting for 80% of the total LFDB area burned. Large fires, although small in number, contribute substantially to area burned, most particularly in the boreal and taiga regions. The Canadian fire season runs from late April through August, with most of the area burned occurring in June and July due primarily to lightning fire activity in northern Canada. Close to 50% of the area burned in Canada is the result of fires that are not actioned due to their remote location, low values-at-risk, and efforts to accommodate the natural role of fire in these ecosystems. The LFDB is updated annually and is being expanded back in time to permit a more thorough analysis of long-term trends in Canadian fire activity.
Model Calculations on the Influence of Quantum Electrodynamical Effects on the Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. The Chemistry of Element E184

Using a phenomenological model, the influence of quantum electrodynamical effects on the prediction of the chemical behavior of superheavy elements within a relativistic Dirac‐Slater calculation was investigated. This influence will be small and nondetectable for elements up to Z = 114. For elements near Z = 164 some changes in the ground state configurations occur but the chemical behavior will not change. Using this heuristic model, it is also possible to calculate elements beyond Z = 175. As an example we have chosen element E184 and are now able to make more valid speculations about the chemical behavior of the element than Penneman and co‐workers could.
Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration

Abstract. We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2–14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.
Improving Access to Open Access Journals: Abstracting,Iindexing and Citation Sources

The Open Access movement comprises many complementary initiatives, including digital scholarly journals, discipline-specific e-print servers, institutional repositories, and author self-archiving. Researchers are extensively using these repositories to publish their research outputs. Bibliographic control of scholarly literature of commercial publications is mostly available in the form of Abstracting, Indexing and Citation sources. But in the similar way for the open access publications it not the same case. Bibliographic control of open access e-resources is a major issue. The rapid growth of scholarly information resources available in electronic form and their organisation by digital libraries is proving fertile ground for the development of sophisticated new services, of which citation linking will be one indispensable example. Many new projects, partnerships and commercial agreements have been announced to build citation linking applications. Authors made an effort in this paper to articulate few bibliographic and citation resources.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Fucoidan on NK Cells in Ovariectomized Rats

In this study we investigated the effects of supplementation with fucoidan from brown alga on the function of natural-killer (NK) cells to evaluate the possibility as an immunomodulator in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. A total of 18 female Wistar rats (six weeks) were used this study and 12 rats were OVX, and the rest of rats were sham-operated. The sham and one OVX group were fed standard diet, and the remaining OVX group received fucoidan (0.05% supplemented diet). After 12 weeks of supplementation, rats were sacrificed to assess the tumoricidal activity of the NK cells and the NO-iNOS regulation from splenocytes. The mass of body and the immune organs such as spleen and thymus were also studied. In OVX rats, body and thymus weights increased, however fucoidan supplementation did not change the body mass and organs weight compared to OVX group. Fucoidan supplementation increased NK cell activity and reduced NO-iNOS production in OVX rats. Ex vivo treatment of fucoidan increased NK cell activity in splenocytes from shame and OVX rats. Ex vivo, we confirmed that fucoidan partially reduced the NK cell activity in the presence of iNOS inhibitors in OVX-splenocytes. These results indicate fucoidan supplementation has a NK cell tumoricidal activity, which are regulated by the iNOS production in OVX rats. This suggests that fucoidan is useful for potential therapeutic strategies as a nutrient in regulating the NK cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.
Serum Procalcitonin and Proinflammatory markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: We evaluated levels of procalcitonin and proinflammatory markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compared them with controls in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Study Design: This prospective controlled study involved patients with PCOS (n=59) and healthy age-matched controls (n=26; total, n=85). Serum procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cells (WBCs), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (h-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy) levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were compared between the PCOS and control groups. The same parameters were also compared between overweight and normal-weight PCOS patients. Results: Serum PCT, Hcy, h-CRP, and WBC levels were similar in the PCOS and control groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in the PCOS group than in the control group (p <0.05). In a subgroup analysis of the PCOS group, there were no significant differences between overweight and normal-weight PCOS patients with regard to proinflammatory markers (serum WBC, h-CRP, Hcy, PCT levels). However, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in overweight PCOS patients (p <0.005). Serum HDL levels were significantly lower in the overweight PCOS group than in the normal-weight group (p <0.005). Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in overweight PCOS than normal-weight PCOS patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Serum PCT, h-CRP, WBC, and Hcy levels were within normal ranges in PCOS patients. These results may be related to the relatively young age and regional differences in the study group.
Secure outsourced calculations with homomorphic encryption

With the rapid development of cloud computing, the privacy security incidents occur frequently, especially data security issues. Cloud users would like to upload their sensitive information to cloud service providers in encrypted form rather than the raw data, and to prevent the misuse of data. The main challenge is to securely process or analyze these encrypted data without disclosing any useful information, and to achieve the rights management efficiently. In this paper, we propose the encrypted data processing protocols for cloud computing by utilizing additively homomorphic encryption and proxy cryptography. For the traditional homomorphic encryption schemes with many limitations, which are not suitable for cloud computing applications. We simulate a cloud computing scenario with flexible access control and extend the original homomorphic cryptosystem to suit our scenario by supporting various arithmetical calculations. We also prove the correctness and security of our protocols, and analyze the advantages and performance by comparing with some latest works.
Computational aspects of quasi-static crack propagation

The focus of this note lies on the numerical analysis of models describing the propagation of a single crack in a linearly elastic material. The evolution of the crack is modeled as a rate-independent process based on the Griffith criterion. We follow two different approaches for setting up mathematically well defined models: the global energetic approach and an approach based on a viscous regularization. We prove the convergence of solutions of fully discretized models (i.e. with respect to time and space) and derive relations between the discretization parameters (mesh size, time step size, viscosity parameter, crack increment) which guarantee the convergence of the schemes. Further, convergence rates are provided for the approximation of energy release rates by certain discrete energy release rates. Thereby we discuss both, models with self-contact conditions on the crack faces as well as models with pure Neumann conditions on the crack faces. The convergence proofs rely on regularity estimates for the elastic fields close to the crack tip and local and global finite element error estimates. Finally the theoretical results are illustrated with some numerical calculations.
Uplift Modeling from Separate Labels

Uplift modeling is aimed at estimating the incremental impact of an action on an individual's behavior, which is useful in various application domains such as targeted marketing (advertisement campaigns) and personalized medicine (medical treatments). Conventional methods of uplift modeling require every instance to be jointly equipped with two types of labels: the taken action and its outcome. However, obtaining two labels for each instance at the same time is difficult or expensive in many real-world problems. In this paper, we propose a novel method of uplift modeling that is applicable to a more practical setting where only one type of labels is available for each instance. We show a mean squared error bound for the proposed estimator and demonstrate its effectiveness through experiments.
High resolution dynamic ocean topography in the Southern Ocean from GOCE

A mean dynamic ocean topography (MDT) has been computed using a high resolution GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) gravity model and a new mean sea surface obtained from a combination of satellite altimetry covering the period 1992 October till 2010 April. The considered gravity model is GO-CONS-GCF-2-TIM-R3, which computes geoid using 12 months of GOCE gravity field data. The GOCE gravity data allow for more detailed and accurate estimates of MDT. This is illustrated in the Southern Ocean where the commission error is reduced from 20 to 5cm compared to the MDT computed using the GRACE gravity field model ITG-Grace2010. As a result of the more detailed and accurate MDT, the calculation of geostrophic velocities from the MDT is now possible with higher accuracy and spatial resolution, and the error estimate is about 7 cms−1 for the Southern Ocean.
Local Dynamics in Network Formation

We study a dynamic network formation game. Alternately, agents are allowed to add, remove or replace links among them. The goal of each of them is to maximize his own payoff, which is a function of the final network. We focus on local actions, where each agent is allowed to add, remove or replace only one link per turn. We prove that the problem of finding a best global response is NP-hard, while finding a best local response can be done in polynimal time. We show that for a general class of payoff functions, which is based on axiomatic properties, local-Nash and global-Nash networks always exist. Also, we show that the dynamic process of iterated local actions converges with probability 1 to a localNash network. Moreover, this local-Nash network is also global-Nash.