Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Kind of Self-Constructed Category Dictionary in Chinese Text Classification

By means of word-segmentation technology in TRIP database and each word that appears in a database will be account in detail, a kind of self-constructed category dictionary (SCC-dictionary) in Chinese text classification is proposed. For solving high dimension and sparseness problem exit in vector space model, a four-dimensional feature vector space model (FFVSM) is presented in this paper. With Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, the text classifier is designed. Experimental results show there are two achievements in this paper: first, SCC-dictionary can replace the artificial-written dictionary with the same effect; second, the FFVSM will not only reduce the computing load than high-dimensional feature vector space model, but also keep the precision of classification as 86.87%, recall rate as 95.12%, and F1 value as 90.81%.
A Robotic Model of Transfemoral Amputee Locomotion for Design Optimization of Knee Controllers

A two-dimensional, seven link, nine degrees of freedom biped model was developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of normal and transfemoral amputee locomotion during the entire gait cycle. The equations of motion were derived using the Lagrange method and the stance foot-ground contact was simulated using a five-point penetration model. The joint driving torques were obtained using forward dynamic optimization of the normal human gait and applied to the intact joints of the amputee. Three types of motion controllers; frictional, elastic and hydraulic were considered for the prosthetic joints of the amputee and their design parameters were optimized to achieve the closest kinematics to that of the normal gait. It was found that, if optimally designed, all three passive controllers could reasonably reproduce a normal kinematical pattern in the swing phase. However, the stance phase kinematics could only be replicated by the hydraulic and elastic controllers; the performance of the latter was highly sensitive to the design parameters. It was concluded that an appropriately designed hydraulic motion controller can provide reasonably normal kinematics and reliable stability for stance knee flexion prostheses.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Leptin Accumulate Adipose Mass at an Older, But Not Younger, Age* * This work was funded by NIH Grant HD-35142.

Sensitivity to leptin is associated with a normal regulation of the adipose mass, whereas decreased leptin sensitivity results in elevated adipose tissue stores. To address whether the effects of chronic hyperleptinemia are sustained with age, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress leptin under the control of the fat specific aP2 promoter/enhancer. At 6–9 weeks of age, transgenic mice overexpressed 5-fold more human leptin than endogenous mouse levels and had consistently low body weights, with reduced brown and white fat depots characterized by adipocytes either devoid of or containing minute lipid droplets. However, at 33–37 weeks, despite continuous secretion of human leptin, the transgenic mice showed a rebound effect characterized by an increase in body weight, accumulation of adipose mass, and lipid-filled adipocytes. Thus, this mouse model exhibits a two-stage phenotype, with respect to fat accumulation. In addition, plasma glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels were markedly depress.
Application of maple ode analyzer in the investigation of differential equations in higher engineering education

In this paper we deal with potentials of using some mathematics computer software to support mathematics teaching in engineering education. Several computer algebra systems (e.g. MAPLE, MatLab) enhance the development of high quality graphics in an efficient way, while the new graphical devices give support for handling this new material in a fast way. We present an example from the area of mechanical engineering education.
Perbandingan Algoritma Nearest Neighbour, C4.5 dan LVQ untuk Klasifikasi Kemampuan Mahasiswa

Abstrak Pada pelaksanaan acara perkuliahan atau saat proses balajar mengajar, dosen sering terkendala dengan kemampuan mahasiswa pada suatu matakuliah di satu kelas yang tidak merata. Oleh karena itu dosen terlebih dulu mengetahui kemampuan setiap mahasiswanya dengan salah satu caranya adalah dengan melihat karakteristik setiap mahasiswa dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa-mahasiswa sebelumnya dalam menyelesaian suatu mata kuliah. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan perbandingan tingkat akurasi antara tiga algoritma, yaitu : Nearest Neighbour, C45 dan LVQ, pada kasus klasifikasi kemampuan mahasiswa untuk keperluan penentuan pembagian kelas mahasiswa baru. Selain itu, juga akan diperbandingkan tingkat kecepatan setiap algoritma dalam mendapatkan kelas kasus lama yang paling mirip dengan kasus baru yang dimasukkan. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan setelah sistem dibangun dan kemudian membandingkan ketiga algoritma tersebut adalah algoritma nearest neighbour dapat menghasilkan akurasi tertinggi. Kata kunci — nearest neighbour, c45, jaringan syaraf tiruan, lvq, mahasiswa Abstract During the lecture or in teaching-learning process, a lecturer sometimes finds that heterogeneous classroom as the obstacles due to the differences in students’ performances. Thus, the lecturer should be aware of this phenomenon and one way to overcome this is to find out the characteristics of each student in order to compare them with the previous students while completing their study. In this research, the three algorithms are compared, they are namely; Nearest Neighbor, C45, and LVQ, this is done to classify the students’ ability and to decide the class for the new students. In addition, the speed level of each algorithm is compared by means of getting the nearest previous case study to the new class. Finally, the ideas coming up as the conclusion for this research is that after the system is developed and those three algorithms are being compared, the result shows that there is nearest neighbour algorithm can produce the highest accuracy. Keywords — nearest neighbour, c45, artificial neural network, LVQ, students’ performances.
Multiple-Antigenic Peptides of Histidine-Rich Protein II of Plasmodium falciparum: Dendrimeric Biomineralization Templates

A critical target for the development of new antimalarial treatments is the detoxification pathway of free heme released during the catabolism of host hemoglobin in the digestive vacuole of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We have examined a family of peptide dendrimers (BNT I and II) based on the tandem repeat motif of HRP II from P. falciparum for their abilities both to bind heme substrates and to form the critical detoxification polymer hemozoin. Each template was capable of binding significant amounts of the natural substrate, Fe(III)PPIX. Binding of the metal-free base protoporphyrin IX to the templates suggests, however, that substrate recognition is based on the porphyrin moiety rather than specific metal recognition. Such a supposition is further supported by the fact that Zn(II)PPIX, as well as the structurally related metal-free and metallophthalocyanines, can bind to the templates. Further, it was shown that the dendrimeric BNT I and BNT II were capable of supporting the polymerizat.
Digital Right Protection Of Relational Databases

Design and development of knowledge preserving and robust watermarking techniques for digital ownership rights protection of relational databases is an active area of research.In this dissertation, various disciplines have been used to design and develop watermarking techniques which ensure knowledge preserving and robustness characteristics of watermarking techniques by bringing tolerable distortions in the original data.Different parameters are used to define data distortions in terms of information loss as a result of watermarking.The intelligent mining techniques and statistical measures have been utilized to define and measure information loss after watermark embedding in the relational databases.The data owner usually defines the usability constraints to control this information loss.These usability constraints in turn identify the available bandwidth for watermark embedding.The watermark decoding accuracy of a watermarking algorithm generally depends on this bandwidth larger the bandwidth the better the decoding accuracy (watermark robustness) and vice versa.However, this dissertation proposes a model to make the watermark decoding accuracy independent of this bandwidth and hence the usability constraints as a result, maximum decoding accuracy can be achieved even with very tight usability constraints and minimum data distortions.Such mechanism also helps to preserve the knowledge in the databases to a maximum level as a consequence, the classification results for such databases are also preserved after watermark embedding. In the pilot study, empirical study and formal modeling have been used to prove the knowledge preserving and robustness characteristics of the proposed watermarking techniques for digital right protection.
Towards relational theory formation from undifferentiated sensor data

Human adults have rich theories in their heads of how the world works. These theories include objects and relations for both concrete and abstract concepts. Everything we know either must be innate or learned through experience. Yet it's unclear how much of this model needs to be innate for a computer. The core question this dissertation addresses is how a computer can develop rich relational theories using only its raw sensor data. We address this by outlining a "bridge" between raw sensors and a rich relational theory. We have implemented parts of this bridge, with other parts as feasibility studies, while others remain conceptual. At the core of this bridge is Ontol, a system that constructs a conceptual structure or "ontology" from feature-set data. Ontol is inspired by cortical models that have been shown to be able to express invariant concepts, such as images independent of any translation or rotation. As a demonstration of the utility of the ontologies created by Ontol, we present a novel semi-supervised learning algorithm that learns from only a handful of positive examples. Like humans, this algorithm doesn't require negative examples. Instead, this algorithm uses the ontologies created by Ontol from unlabeled data, and searches for a Bayes-optimal theory given this "background knowledge". The rest of the dissertation shows in principle how Ontol can be used as the "workhorse" for a system that finds analogies, discovers useful mappings, and might ultimately create theories, such as a "gisty" theory of "number".
Differentiation markers in hemangiopericytoma

Normal pericytes were found to express factor XIIIa (F‐XIII) and histocompatibility antigen HLA‐DR. These markers were studied in 15 hemangiopericytomas (HPC) and 16 other tumors with an HPC‐like pattern. A subpopulation of tumor cells expressing F‐XIII and HLA‐DR antigens was a constant feature of HPC and supported their pericytic origin. Meningeal HPC did not differ in phenotype from peripheral soft tissue HPC. Most tumors with an HPC‐like pattern (including synovial sarcomas, malignant schwannomas, leiomyosarcomas, and liposarcomas) were negative for F‐XIII and HLA‐DR. Malignant fibrous histiocytomas, however, invariably contained a subpopulation expressing these antigens. Therefore, F‐XIII can be considered as a marker of fibrohistiocytic differentiation in HPC. Individual tumor cells in HPC occasionally were positive for factor VIII‐related antigen (F‐VIII‐R‐Ag), suggesting that the spectrum of differentiation in HPC may include the endothelial cell line. The differentiation characteristics of HPC support the concept that pericytes are primitive cells that may act as precursors to other mesenchymal cells.
A Method for the Construction of Minimum- Scrambling Source Coding in Line Coder

This paper develops the minimum scrambling source coding method on the basis of 8-bit symbol. The symbol is formed with upper (column) 4-bit sub-symbol and lower (row) 4-bit sub-symbol. This paper shows the combination method of upper sub-symbol and lower sub-symbol to make unscrambling symbols. This paper also presents the way how to make a minimum scrambling character source coding with the symbols. After the unscrambling and scrambling symbol is confirmed by the developed method, each character is coded by a symbol or symbols on the basis of probability of the character use frequency. A character that has high use frequency is given an unscrambling symbol(s) but a character that has low use frequency is coded a scrambling symbol(s). When the number of characters is equal to or less than the number of the unscrambling symbols, the scrambling in the line coder is not generated. But if the number of character is exceeded the number of the unscrambling symbols, the characters are coded based on a probability of the character use frequency. The developed method applies all kinds of source coding system that affects data transmission signal.
Delay Test Techniques For Boundary Scan Based Archictures

This paper proposes techniques for appl ing delay tests in a Boundary Scan environment. &e' limitation of current public instructions of IEEE 11 9.1 when used for delay test is described and an eicient delay test tech.nigue is presented. Delay tests for chips, their interconnection and the glue logic are proposed. An approach for a pi ang delay tests to Level Sensitive Scan Design basel clips with Boundary Scan is also presented.
Oral reading fluency as a predictor of reading comprehension on a state’s measure of adequate yearly progress

Background, purpose. The current study examined the predictability of oral reading fluency on a state’s measure of adequate yearly progress in the area of reading comprehension in grades three, four and five. Material and methods. A hierarchical regression analysis was utilized in order to assess the relative impact of oral reading fluency, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender within the regression model. Data from 1044 students in 22 schools were collected and analyzed in an effort to answer the research questions posed. Results, conclusions. The results of the study corroborated earlier research indicating the robust nature of oral reading fluency in predicting reading comprehension on high stakes tests. As such, the results suggest oral reading fluency remains a powerful and parsimonious method to monitor individual student achievement within general or remedial reading programs and within Response to Intervention processes. The contribution of ethnicity within the hierarchical regression model was statistically significant across all grades, while socioeconomic status was significant in third and fifth grades. Socioeconomic status did not significantly contribute to the model in grade 4 after ethnicity was added to the analysis. The role of gender was minimal in grades three and five, while the impact was statistically significant in fourth grade (i.e., girls scoring significantly higher on the criterion or outcome measure). Finally, the results suggested separate regression models may be necessary to adequately describe the differences between the ethnic subgroups within this study.
Energy efficient wireless communication using distributed beamforming

Energy Efficient Wireless Communication using Distributed Beamforming by Raghuraman Mudumbai We consider the use of distributed beamforming to improve the energy efficiency and transmission range of wireless networks. Under distributed beamforming, a number of wireless transmitters collaboratively transmit a common message signal in such way that their individual transmissions combine coherently (i.e. in phase) at the intended receiver. In essence, a set of distributed wireless nodes organize themselves as a virtual antenna array. As in beamforming from a conventional antenna array, highly directional transmissions can be achieved using a virtual array, and therefore substantial SNR gains can be realized compared to a network in which each node transmits independently to the receiver. Distributed beamforming arises naturally from information theoretic analyses of multi-user channels and is an essential ingredient of capacity-achieving coding strategies in several cases. However these analyses are based on baseband models of the channel and as such involve some implicit assumptions. The two most important such assumptions are (1) synchronized carrier signals, and (2) known phase relationship between the transmitters. The main contribution of this thesis is a detailed analysis of the feasibility of these assumptions, and a design for a practical wireless system based on distributed beamforming that explicitly addresses these issues. This design is based on a simple iterative procedure for
Human amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel γ subunit promoter: functional analysis and identification of a polypurine-polypyrimidine tract with the potential for triplex DNA formation

The mRNA for the epithelial Na(+) channel gamma subunit (gammaENaC) is regulated developmentally in the lung, colon and distal nephron and in response to Na(+) deprivation and systemic corticosteroids in the distal colon. Because such regulation is likely to be at the level of gene transcription, we examined the function of the promoter and other 5' flanking elements of the human gammaENaC gene. The proximal 5' flanking region contains two GC boxes but does not contain a TATA box. A 450 bp human gammaENaC fragment (-459 to +40) directed the expression of luciferase in H441 cells and primer extension analysis in transfected cells confirmed the correct initiation of human gammaENaC-luciferase chimaeric transcripts. By deletional analysis, GC boxes at -21 and -52 were found to be critical for this promoter activity. To begin to identify transcription factors that bind to the core promoter, a double-stranded oligonucleotide that corresponded to this region was synthesized and tested in a gel mobility-shift assay. Incubation of this radiolabelled oligonucleotide with nuclear extracts from H441 and FRTL5 cells resulted in the formation of four specific and distinct DNA-protein complexes. On the basis of antibody 'supershift' assays, one of these factors corresponds to Sp1, whereas the other three correspond to Sp3. Further upstream, an approx. 300 nt (-1143 to -839) polypurine-polypyrimidine tract (PPy tract) containing internal mirror repeats was identified. When contained in a supercoiled plasmid, the approx. 1200 nt 5' flanking region was sensitive to S1 endonuclease, which was consistent with the formation of an intramolecular triplex DNA ('H-DNA') structure with an unpaired single strand. High-resolution mapping with S1 endonuclease and sequencing of S1-generated clones confirmed that all S1-sensitive sites were within the PPy tract. Finally, a negative regulatory element was identified between -1525 and -1296 that functioned in lung, colon and collecting duct cell lines.
The client‐centred approach: expert system development

: This paper describes a project that is studying an expert system (ES) development method tailored to meet the requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is posited that many such organisations cannot use ES technology because of its high entry price and because the available tools and methods were developed for and by large organisations. Within this context our development method encompasses the entire life cycle of an ES from initial conception to implementation through to maintenance and updating. The central premise is that the method should be ‘client-centred’, emphasising what the client can see, rather than being ‘technology-centred’, emphasising how the knowledge engineers work. Discussion includes how this methodology addresses many criticisms of current ES development methods, including rapid prototyping and KADS.
Protective effect of augmenter of liver regeneration on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

Background: Hydrogen peroxide, as other reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during redox processes, induces lipid membrane peroxidation and protein degeneration causing cell apoptosis. ROS are recently considered as messengers in cell signalling processes, which, through reversible protein disulphide bridges formation, activate regulatory factors of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Disulphide bridges formation is catalysed by sulphydryl oxidase enzymes. Aim: The neuroprotective effect of ALR protein (Alrp), a sulphydryl oxidase enzyme, on H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells has been evaluated. Methods: Cell viability, flow cytometric evaluation of apoptotic cells, fluorescent changes of nuclear morphology, immunocytochemistry Alrp detection, Western blot evaluation of mitochondrial cyt c release and mitochondrial swelling were determined. Results: Alrp prevents the H2O2-induced cell viability loss, apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial swelling in SH-SY5Y cells in culture. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that Alrp improves SH-SY5Y cells survival in H2O2-induced apoptosis. It is speculated that this effect could be related to the Alrp enzymatic activity.
Neuron loss, granule cell axon reorganization, and functional changes in the dentate gyrus of epileptic kainate‐treated rats

We sought to describe quantitatively the morphological and functional changes that occur in the dentate gyrus of kainate‐treated rats, an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Adult rats were treated systemically with kainic acid, and, months later, after displaying spontaneous recurrent motor seizures, their dentate gyri were examined. Histological, immunocytochemical, and quantitative stereological techniques were used to estimate numbers of neurons per dentate gyrus of various classes and to estimate the extent of granule cell axon reorganization along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus in control rats and epileptic kainate‐treated rats. Compared with control rats, epileptic kainate‐treated rats had fewer Nissl‐stained hilar neurons and fewer somatostatin‐immunoreactive neurons. There was a correlation between the extent of hilar neuron loss and the extent of somatostatin‐immunoreactive neuron loss. However, functional inhibition in the dentate gyrus, assessed with paired‐pulse responses to perforant‐pathway stimulation, revealed enhanced, and not the expected reduced, inhibition in epileptic kainate‐treated rats. Numbers of parvalbumin‐ and cholecystokinin‐immunoreactive neurons were similar in control rats and in most kainate‐treated rats. A minority (36%) of the epileptic kainate‐treated rats had fewer parvalbumin‐ and cholecystokinin‐immunoreactive neurons than control rats, and those few (8%) with extreme loss in these interneuron classes showed markedly hyperexcitable dentate gyrus field‐potential responses to orthodromic stimulation. Compared with control rats, epileptic kainate‐treated rats had larger proportions of their granule cell and molecular layers infiltrated with Timm stain. There was a correlation between the extent of abnormal Timm staining and the extent of hilar neuron loss. Granule cell axon reorganization and dentate gyrus neuron loss were more severe in temporal vs. septal hippocampus. These findings from the dentate gyrus of epileptic kainate‐treated rats are strikingly similar to those reported for human temporal lobe epilepsy, and they suggest that neuron loss and axon reorganization in the temporal hippocampus may be important in epileptogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 385:385–404, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.