Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate of the Past Bunker Cave stalagmites : an archive for central European Holocene climate variability

Holocene climate was characterised by variability on multi-centennial to multi-decadal time scales. In central Europe, these fluctuations were most pronounced during winter. Here we present a record of past winter climate variability for the last 10.8 ka based on four speleothems from Bunker Cave, western Germany. Due to its central European location, the cave site is particularly well suited to record changes in precipitation and temperature in response to changes in the North Atlantic realm. We present highresolution records of δ18O, δ13C values and Mg/Ca ratios. Changes in the Mg/Ca ratio are attributed to past meteoric precipitation variability. The stable C isotope composition of the speleothems most likely reflects changes in vegetation and precipitation, and variations in the δ18O signal are interpreted as variations in meteoric precipitation and temperature. We found cold and dry periods between 8 and 7 ka, 6.5 and 5.5 ka, 4 and 3 ka as well as between 0.7 and 0.2 ka. The proxy signals in the Bunker Cave stalagmites compare well with other isotope records and, thus, seem representative for central European Holocene climate variability. The prominent 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age cold events are both recorded in the Bunker Cave record. However, these events show a contrasting relationship between climate and δ18O, which is explained by different causes underlying the two climate anomalies. Whereas the Little Ice Age is attributed to a pronounced negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the 8.2 ka event was triggered by cooler conditions in the North Atlantic due to a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering LIQUID PHASE HYDROGENATION OF ACETHYDRAZONE TO N ́-METHYL ACETHYDRAZIDE OVER Pd / γ-Al 2 O 3 CATALYST

Catalytic hydrogenation of acethydrazide (AH) is the main step in the production of N ́-methyl acethydrazide (MAH). In this step, AH reacts with formaldehyde to produce acetylhydrazone (AOH). AOH is hydrogenated in the presence of 5% Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to MAH. In this paper, the effects of hydrogen pressure, catalyst loading and initial concentration of AOH on the initial rate of hydrogenation were studied in a batch slurry reactor within a temperature range of 303-333K. The hydrogenation rate was first order with respect to hydrogen concentration at lower hydrogen pressures. However, at higher pressures, the rate became independent of both hydrogen and initial AOH concentrations. A single site Langmuir-Hinshelwood type formulation was found to describe adequately the kinetic data. A good correlation was observed between the predicted concentration vs. time profiles and those determined experimentally. The apparent activation energy was calculated from the initial rates as 40.6 kJ/mol.
The Absolute Chronology of the Zoogenic Deposits From the Negev Desert (Israel)

The Absolute Chronology of the Zoogenic Deposits From the Negev Desert (Israel) Zoogenic deposits are one of the most important sources of the information on the history of arid ecosystems. Different organic materials form the deposit thus offering an opportunity for palaeobotanic analysis as well as for radiocarbon dating. However, many obstacles arise while dating zoogenic deposits. Some layers can be readily dated by radiocarbon as dung layers, but some of them do not contain any organic material preserved. Three zoogenic deposits from the central part of the Negev Desert (Israel) were investigated. Azmaut deposit was accumulated more then 5000 years. This deposit is a key object of this research. The Ramon I deposit was accumulated for the last 8000 years. The observed coincidence of the changes of the deposits and the pollen spectra testifies the presence of common causes driving them. It allows us to compare the spectrum of sufficiently dated Azmaut deposit with that of the poorly dated Bsor one. The bottom layers of the Ramon I deposit were formed 2000 years earlier than that of Azmaut. Combining the results of the pollen analysis and the radiocarbon dating of the three deposits enables us to reconstruct the vegetation history of the region during the last 8000 years.
Stark shift in electroluminescence of individual InAs quantum dots

We have fabricated light-emitting-diode heterostructure devices, in which a layer of InAs self-assembled quantum dots is embedded, with an active area of submicron size. In the electroluminescence spectra of these devices, we observed isolated narrow peaks due to emission from individual dots. From the shift of the peaks in an electric field (the quantum confined Stark effect), we show that the ground and excited states in the dots have different spatial alignments of the electron and hole.
VLT$/$NACO and Subaru$/$CIAO JHK-band high-resolution imaging polarimetry of the Herbig Be star R Monocerotis

Aims. We investigate the dust properties of the disk and envelope of the Herbig Be star R Mon by means of near-infrared multiwavelength imaging polarimetry. Methods. We obtained JHK -band polarimetric images using the adaptive optics instruments NACO on the VLT, and CIAO on the Subaru telescope. Results. Our NACO JK S -band images of ~0$\farcs$1 angular resolution resolve clearly the R Mon binary system as well as twisted string-like features in the fan-shaped lobe. The polarimetric images reveal a butterfly-shaped polarization disk with an almost constant shape and an extension of $4\arcsec$ in the J , H , and K bands. In this region, the polarization values are as low as $P_J\sim7$%, $P_H\sim2$%, and $P_K\sim1$%, and the polarization vectors are not systematically aligned along the equatorial plane. On the other hand, highly polarized scattered light is detected in the fan-shaped lobe ($P_J \sim24$%, $P_H \sim 33$%, and $P_K\sim53$%). Conclusions. Our polarimetric data suggests the presence of multiple grain populations in the R Mon nebula. From our one-dimensional single scattering modeling, the maximum grain size in the nebula at large scale is estimated to be 0.23 μ m. On the other hand, the aforementioned properties of the polarization disk and a nearly spherical appearance of the nebulosity close to the central star suggests the presence of large grains (micron-size or larger) in the polarization disk.
Symmetric inverse-based multilevel ILU preconditioning for solving dense complex non-hermitian systems in electromagnetics

Boundary element discretizations of exterior Maxwell problems lead to dense complex non-Hermitian systems of linear equations that are di-cult to solve from a linear algebra point of view. We show that the recently developed class of inverse-based multilevel incomplete LU factorization has very good potential to precondition these systems efiectively. This family of algorithms can produce numerically stable factorizations and exploits e-ciently the possible symmetry of the underlying integral formulation. The results are highlighted by calculating the radar-cross-section of a full aircraft, and by a numerical comparison against other standard preconditioners.
An Overview of Blackboard Architecture Application for Real

Agents were successfully used in artificial world, but nowadays scientists and researchers are applying agent systems in real tasks. Cooperation between agents can be achieved by means of blackboard architecture. Blackboard architecture is not a new technology, the first famous blackboard architecture Hearsay appeared about 30 years ago. Therefore blackboard architecture applications for real tasks must be overviewed. The paper is structurized as follows. First, some definitions are listed, then the benefits of the use of blackboard architecture are presented and some examples of blackboard architecture application for real task are given.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Unsteady Separation Over a Pitching Airfoil at High Reynolds Number

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flow over a pitching airfoil at realistic Reynolds and Mach numbers is being performed. Numerical stability at high Reynolds number simulation is maintained using an unstructured-grid LES technology, which obeys high-order conservation principles and employs a global-coefficient subgrid-scale turbulence model. A hybrid implicit-explicit time-integration scheme is employed to provide a highly efficient way to treat time-step size restriction in the separated flow region which is locally refined with dense mesh. The present simulations confirm the stability and effectiveness of the presented numerical schemes for dynamic stall simulations at realistic operating Reynolds and Mach numbers and show the characteristics of flow separation and reattachment processes which are qualitatively congruent with experimental observation.
Effects of brief whole-body vibration on bone metabolic and immunological indices in rats

Introduction. Numerous studies have focused on the musculo-skeletal effects on high-frequency vibration programs; however, bone tissue responses to brief sessions of intensive WBV stimulation have been less recognized. Aim of Study. The study examined whether short-lasting whole-body vibration (WBV) was sufficient to induce bone metabolic and immunological response, and whether the increasing volume of vibra- tion training modifies changes in bone and modulate immunological indices. Material and Methods. Ten male Wistar rats, aged 6 months, were subjected to 5-week WBV (5 days/ /week, frequency 50 Hz, amplitude of oscillations 2.5 mm). Five animals underwent vibration training in a single session lasting 30 seconds (WBV30), while the other five were subjected to four vibration sessions of 30 seconds each, separated by 60-second rest intervals (WBV30x4). Results were com- pared with those of age-matched controls (n = 5). Results. No significant vibration-related changes in bone mineral density or between-groups differ- ences in serum concentrations of osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen after the vibration program were found in either group of animals. Significant differences were found in the soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand levels between animals in the WBV30 group and controls as well as in interleukin-10 concentrations between the WBV30x4 group and con- trols. Conclusions. The brief vibration programs, especially with the higher WBV volume, were sufficient to induce metabolic response. The lack of vibration-related changes in bone mass and between-groups differences in concentrations of bone turnover markers does not permit drawing prospective conclu- sions with respect to bone tissue.
Marker Gene Delivery to Mature Wheat Embryos Via Particle Bombardment

The possibility of transferring genes to mature wheat embryos (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.) via accelerated and DNA-coated tungsten particles was investigated. Mature embryos isolated from bread (cv. Atay) and durum (cv. Cakmak) wheat were utilised as targets for bombardment. DNA in the form of circular plasmid (pBSGUSINT) was precipitated on tungsten particles (ca. 2 μm diameter) using the calcium nitrate method. Mature embryos were bombarded by a microprocessor-controlled particle delivery instrument (GENEBOOSTER TM ) driven by compressed nitrogen gas. Bombardment was carried out at various gas pressure and in a chamber vacuum. The target material was subjected to histochemical GUS staining 24 hours after bombardment or 7 days after the initial germination of the embryos. Almost 80% of the bombarded embryos expressed the transferred GUS gene observed through blue colour formation on the embryos. Negative controls (non-bombarded embryos or embryos bombarded with bare tungsten particles) did not exhibit GUS activity. Seven-day-old seedlings which had emerged from bombarded material also exhibited patches of GUS staining, indicating the integration and expression of the transferred GUS gene to the genome of some tissue segments. The optimised bombardment method is currently in use to obtain transgenic wheat cultivars.
Interaction between emotions and somatic complaints in children who did or did not seek medical care

This study aimed to investigate how emotional functioning can be linked to health problems in children. Three groups were compared: (1) a clinical group, consisting of children with abdominal pain, attending an out-patient clinic; (2) a group from the general population who had high scores on a self-report somatic complaint list; and (3) a group from the general population who reported no or few somatic complaints. It was shown that groups 1 and 2 experienced negative moods and negative emotions with a higher frequency and/or intensity, and had a lower feeling of competence than group 3. They were also more likely to act upon physical complaints in emotionally stressful situations than group 3, although all groups made use of emotion-focused strategies. It is suggested that it is not an impaired capacity to identify emotions (an important feature of alexithymia), but an inability to differentiate between, and cope with, negative emotions that might be an important factor in children's health problems. Suggestions for future research are made.
Physical Solid Fracture Simulation Based on Random Voronoi Tessallation

Physics based solid fracture simulation techniques have great applications in the domains such as Virtual Reality, Military Affairs training, special effect manufacture in films & television, and game design, etc. However, current solid fracture simulation algorithms have the defects of either too slow or unrealistic. To overcome this shortcoming, in this paper we present a novel algorithm to real-time simulate the fracture process of solid with quite realism. To accelerate the fracture process, we hire random Voronoi Tessallation which can significantly decrease the number of crack meshes. To make the fracture process more realistic, we adopt a Physics based method called symmetric Galerkin BEM(Boundary Element Method) to stress analysis, and thus generate more detailed fracture results. We also devise a efficient crack propagation algorithm to simulate the fracture process. Experiments result show that our solid fracture algorithm can realistic simulate various solid fracture processes in real time. Keywords-real-time solid fracture process; Physics based simulation; random voronoi tessellation; boundary element method
Current distribution and habitat preferences of red deer and Eurasian elk in the Czech Republic

Here we determine the distribution, numbers and habitat preferences of two of the largest species in the family Cervidae present in the Czech Republic, red deer and Eurasian elk. Red deer occurs predominantly in vast areas of forest, i.e. mainly in the mountains bordering this country and several large forest units in the interior. The range of this species has been increasing along with the size of its population. Areas of its permanent occurrence may be generally characterized as regions largely covered with deciduous and coniferous forests and pastures, and regions with a more diverse landscape. Red deer does not occur in areas that are mainly arable or urban, or in areas covered with extensive water bodies and wetlands. As these animals prefer large forests, they occur mainly at high altitudes where the terrain is rugged. The Eurasian elk permanently occurs in the Czech Republic in a single area located between the state border and the right bank of the Lipno Dam. Its home range has been diminishing, presumably along with its numbers. The area of its permanent occurrence is characterized by an abundance of coniferous trees, some pastures and water bodies. The Eurasian elk does not occur in areas covered with arable and urban land but also surprisingly in areas with mainly deciduous forest. Both species prefer high altitudes, but Eurasian elk prefers areas with little difference in the terrain vertically.
Genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. populations in Kenya using RAPD molecular markers: Implication to plantation establishment

Jatropha curcas L is an economically potential tree species gaining interest globally because of its feasible contribution towards production of commercial biofuel. Little is known however, of its genetic variation patterns within Kenyan accessions for maximum exploitation. Eight populations covering most of its distribution range in Kenya were sampled and leaves of 160 individual trees collected. Analysis of molecular diversity was carried out using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten random primers generated 251 loci that were scored for diversity. Shannon's diversity index varied from 0.116 (Likoni) to 0.360 (Namanga). Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that, more variation (53%; P = 0.01) was partitioned among populations while 47% (P = 0.01) variation was partitioned within populations. Nested analysis of variance showed no variation across regions (0%; P > 0.01). The level of genetic structure and diversity may be explained by the modes of germplasm introductions and the biological traits of J. curcas . Based on these results, Jatropha accessions are quite variable and seeds collected from various populations are bound to exhibit wide variation. Selection of a J. curcas breeding population should encompass a large number of individuals across all accessions in order to capture the wide genetic variation. Key words: Genetic diversity, population structure, Jatropha curcas, biofuel.
Detection of Ornithobilharzia turkestanikum cercaria (trematoda) by nested-PCR in intermediate host snail, Lymnaea gedrosiana

Trematodes are important in economic and public health. Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (O. turkestanicum) is one of the important economic trematodes in domestic animals. Ornithobilharzia infection in intermediate host (Lymnaea gedrosiana ) can be detected by either exposing snails to light to induce cercarial shedding or by squeezing them between glass slides to detect parasites. The current available diagnostic methods are inefficient for identification of prepatent infections and/or after dead of snails. For the above difficulties we adapted a nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) assay for sensitive detection of O. turkestanicum in clinical samples and its cercaria in snails. The life cycle of parasite was maintained in sheep and snails in laboratory in Razi Institute. Adult worms were isolated from sheep and DNA was extracted from worms by a procedure using DNA extraction solution developed in NIGEB. PCR and nested-PCR primers were designed based on 28s ribosomal RNA gene of O. turkestanicum and the DNA was amplified by PCR assay. PCR product was purified and cloned in pTZ57R/T and sequenced. The comparison of the obtained sequences with the GenBank using blast program was showed in NCBI Sequence viewer just 682 bp. PCR amplicon was submitted in GenBank and can be assessed using AY862391 accession number. DNA was extracted from the infected and non-infected snails 2-5 days post-infection. The infected snails could be rapidly detected with Nested-PCR. Results indicate that this assay is specific for detecting O. turkestanicum. The high sensitivity of the test enabled identification of single infected snail even when its DNA was pooled with uninfected snails. Thus demonstrating the possibility of mass diagnosis in pools of snails, therefore, the assay has the potential for large-scale demonstration of prepatent infection prevalence in snails and offers a new diagnostic tool for evaluation of bilharziosis trasnsmission and for control of infection as discussed.
Reducing Cost of Cloud Bandwidth using Prediction-Based System

In Cloud Computing environment we designed and present PACK (Predictive ACKs), end to end traffic redundancy elimination (TRE) system called for cloud computing customers. PACK’s main advantage is its capability of offloading the cloud-server TRE effort to end clients, thus minimizing the processing costs induced by the TRE algorithm. Unlike previous solutions, PACK does not require the server to continuously maintain clients’ status. Cloud-based TRE needs to apply a judicious use of cloud resources so that the bandwidth cost reduction combined with the additional cost of TRE computation and storage would be optimized. This makes PACK very suitable for pervasive computation environments that combine client mobility and server migration to maintain cloud elasticity. We present a fully functional PACK implementation, transparent to all TCP-based applications and network devices. Finally, we analyze PACK benefits for cloud users, using traffic traces from various sources. PACK is based on a novel TRE technique, which allows the client to use newly received chunks to identify previously received chunk chains, which in turn can be used as reliable predictors to future transmitted chunks.
Efficiency of Three PPRV Vaccines Commercially Available in Turkey

Ozet: Koyun ve kecilerde ticari uc farkli kucuk ruminant vebasi (PPR) asisinin etkinligi antikor cevabina dayali bir metot olan competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) ile test edildi. Sonuclar virus notralizasyon testi (VNT) ile dogrulandi. Calisma uc farkli PPR asisinin etkinligini belirlemek icin haziran-2010 ile ocak-2011 tarihleri arasinda yapildi. Her iki cinsiyeti iceren 150 koyun ve 50 keciden olusan calisma grubu, 1, 2 ve 3 olmak uzere 3 gruba ayrildi. Her gruba farkli bir asi uygulamasi yapildi. Serum ornekleri asilama oncesi (0.gun) ve asilama sonrasinda (18. gun ve 8. ay) toplanildi. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, kecilerde PPRV’ye karsi antikor cevabi sekillenirken, koyunlarin cogunda antikor cevabi sekillenmedi.
Risk Management in Space Activities: Reproduction of Validated Routines

This paper puts forward a new way to manage risk in case of unaffordable disasters and failures. Using the example of space activities and High Reliability Organisation frameworks, we will show that the reproduction of validated routines may be a major way for organisations to exhibit high levels reliability. In order to face high levels of risk, large space organisations have developed a rigorous knowledge codification and tend to reproduce routines within the phase of project planning and in the context of firm relationships. Reproduction of validated routines is a relevant tool to mitigate risk and to manufacture reliable technical systems. Key words: Risk management; Reliability; Failures; High Reliability Organisations; Space activities
Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles Based Reduction Method

1 Technical Institute, Department of Pharmacy, Wrme St. , Mardin 327, Alley 76, Sulemaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, University Park, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45AB64, Kurdistan Region-Iraq 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, University Park, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45AB64, Kurdistan Region-Iraq *Corresponding author
Minimizing Driver Errors: Examining Factors Leading to Failed Target Tracking and Detection

This article examines the role of attention in safe motor vehicle operation and examines the factors that affect target detection and multiple vehicle tracking (MVT) while driving. The authors hypothesize that tracking performance is impaired when there are more vehicles to track and that high visual clutter in areas surrounding the roadway will cause fewer vehicles to be successfully tracked. A study was conducted in which participants performed a MVT tracking task of high or low load and the authors measured tracking performance and reactions to a pedestrian entering the roadway. The results indicated that tracking accuracy is better when fewer vehicles are to be tracked, and that tracking accuracy is better in high clutter conditions but only when tracking two out of four vehicles.