Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Eztrack": A single-vehicle deterministic tracking algorithm

A variety of surveillance operations require the ability to track vehicles over a long period of time using sequences of images taken from a camera mounted on an airborne or similar platform. In order to be able to see and track a vehicle for any length of time, either a persistent surveillance imager is needed that can image wide fields of view over a long time-span or a highly maneuverable smaller field-of-view imager is needed that can follow the vehicle of interest. The algorithm described here was designed for the persistence surveillance case. In turns out that most vehicle tracking algorithms described in the literature[1,2,3,4] are designed for higher frame rates (> 5 FPS) and relatively short ground sampling distances (GSD) and resolutions ({approx} few cm to a couple tens of cm). But for our datasets, we are restricted to lower resolutions and GSD's ({ge}0.5 m) and limited frame-rates ({le}2.0 Hz). As a consequence, we designed our own simple approach in IDL which is a deterministic, motion-guided object tracker. The object tracking relies both on object features and path dynamics. The algorithm certainly has room for future improvements, but we have found it to be a useful tool in evaluatingmore » effects of frame-rate, resolution/GSD, and spectral content (eg. grayscale vs. color imaging ). A block diagram of the tracking approach is given in Figure 1. We describe each of the blocks of the diagram in the upcoming sections. « less
Integrated Solar Panel Antennas for Cube Satellites

The current deployed wire type antenna for small satellites suffers from both limitation of mounting location and frequent failure in deployed mechanism. Slot antennas, on the other hand, can be easily integrated with solar panels and offer better flexibility in design. This paper presents an alternative antenna design for small satellites, and the design is based on the cavity backed slot antennas. The design method, choice of antenna feed geometry, circular polarization, and array configuration are discussed in detail. Feasibility of integrating the slot antennas with solar panel is presented and it is found that it is not only possible to integrate slot antennas with solar panel, but also to optimize the antennas to achieve the most effective antenna pattern, steering angle of the main beam, and maximum antenna gain. Two prototype antennas were designed, fabricated and measured, and the good agreements between the measurements and design data confirm that proposed antenna is a novel solution for small satellite communication systems, and promote the novel multi-functional solar panel design.
5.7 GHz low-power variable-gain LNA in 0.18 [micro sign]m CMOS

A variable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for low-voltage and low‐power operation is designed and implemented in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS technology. With a current-reused topology, the common-source gain stages are stacked for minimum power dissipation while achieving high small-signal gain. The fully integrated 5.7 GHz LNA exhibits 16.4 dB gain, 3.5 dB noise figure and 8 dB gain tuning range with good input and output return losses. The LNA consumes 3.2 mW DC power from a supply voltage of 1 V. A gain/power quotient of 5.12 dB/mW is achieved in this work.
Dynamic Stability Behaviour of Lattice Domes with Substructures

Dynamic behaviour is one of the main controlling factors for the design of large single-layer lattice dome structures. Considering a single-layer lattice dome and its supporting frame as an integral whole, this paper investigates the dynamic stability behaviour of the dome under seismic loads. In the analysis, the initial geometric imperfections, together with geometric and material nonlinearities, are considered. A factor expressing the degree of stiffness of the supporting frame is also used in the analysis. The effects of supporting frames of different stiffness and different rise to span ratios of the domes are also investigated. The results of the investigation show that the stiffness of the substructure can play a very important role in the dynamic stability behaviour of the dome.
Student usage of a learning management system at an open distance learning institute: A case study in electrical engineering

Growth in student numbers and heavy teaching workloads may negatively influence the quality of teaching and learning in higher education. Various strategies have been introduced to try and address these concerns. One specific strategy involves the use of learning management systems to enhance the interaction between students and academics. The purpose of this article is to highlight student usage of a learning management system in electrical engineering at an open distance learning institute in South Africa, correlating it to the student’s academic achievement. The lack of 100% student engagement suggests that not all students have access to the Internet. A relationship was established between the pass rates of the modules and the student usage of the learning management system and student support given via the learning management system. Final grade results suggest that students who fully engaged with the learning management system are more likely to succeed in an open distance learning environment.
Static synchronous compensator sizing for enhancement of fault ride-through capability and voltage stabilisation of fixed speed wind farms

High penetration level of wind energy affects the generation profile of the power systems, which impose more stringent connection requirements of wind farms. The ability of wind power plant to remain connected during grid faults is very important to avoid cascaded outages because of power deficit. FACT devices are considered to be a key technology to accomplish these requirements. The implementation of three-level inverter based on a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for the improvement of the ride-through and stability of fixed speed wind farms is analysed here. This brings the challenges for system planner to determine the appropriate STATCOM rating. This study provides a simple approach to evaluate the STATCOM rating for voltage-level regulation at the point of common coupling around its pre-specified value. Vector current control is used as robust control to inject the required reactive power from STATCOM. This study emphasizes also on the analysis of torque speed curve to evaluate the induction generator speed limit and for defining the critical clearing time of the fault according to the selected STATCOM rating. Simulation results under fault conditions are performed to validate the enhancement of wind farm low-voltage ride-through capability and increasing the critical clearing time by installing STATCOM.
The Damage Finite Element Analysis of Eutectic Composite Ceramic Containing Lamellae

According to microstructures in eutectic composite ceramic, the finite element model of composite with eutectic interphase is established. The mechanical stress field of eutectic composite ceramic containing lamellae is simulated. APDL programming in ANSYS is used to analyze the damage process of eutectic composite ceramic. Results show that the failure of eutectic composite ceramic is determined by the damage of matrix. As load is increasing, the damage will elongate along the interphase and extend to the internal of matrix. At last the damage arouses matrix fracture.
Multiple-symbols differential detection of GMSK

A new differential detection algorithm using multiple-symbol observation interval for the demodulation of a GMSK signal is described. This technique is based on a maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of the transmitted phases rather than symbol-by-symbol detection. Upper and lower bounds on the bit error probability of the described detector in the case of an AWGN channel are derived. Comparisons with the classical coherent detection algorithm of a CPM signal show that the proposed detection algorithm is quite attractive.
Study Of Low Reynolds Number Effects On The Losses In Low-Pressure Turbine Blade Rows

Experimental data from jet-engine tests have indicated that unsteady blade row interactions and separation can have a significant impact on the efficiency of low-pressure turbine stages. Measured turbine efficiencies at takeoff can be as much as two points higher than those at cruise conditions. Several recent studies have revealed that Reynolds number effects may contribute to the lower efficiencies at cruise conditions. In the current study numerical experiments have been performed to study the models available for low Reynolds number flows, and to quantify the Reynolds number dependence of low-pressure turbine cascades and stages. The predicted aerodynamic results exhibit good agreement with design data.
Interference Effects of Hard Limiting in PN Spread-Spectrum Systems

It is shown that the use of a hard limiter in PN spreadspectrum systems leads to the generation of intermodulation products which become narrow-band signals after the despreading process in the PN receiver. The analysis treats the situation where a bandpass limiter is inserted into the transmission path of the PN signal prior to the PN receiver. The input to the bandpass limiter is the superposition of the PN signal with white Gaussian noise and one interferer. This interferer may be either a narrow-band signal or another wide-band PN signal. It is found that the amplitudes of the resulting narrowband intermodulation products are independent of the spreadspectrum processing gain and of the type of interference. A complete loss of the antijamming capability may thus result even with extremely large "processing gain. "
Spectrum and Spatial Invariant Based Remote Sensing Image Classification

Multispectral remote sensing images are used as research objects for different band images are highly complementary. Pixel is the basic element for image classification. Spectral information and two order invariant moments are proposed to describe pixel characteristics. The self-organizing feature map neural network is used to realize an unsupervised classification. A fringe area of Qingdao is studied and its classification map is obtained using this method. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy is satisfactory by the proposed method.
Can knowledge sharing mitigate the effect of construction project complexity

Purpose – In recent years the pace of technological innovation in construction operations has escalated with resulting intensification of the inputs necessary for contemporary multi‐disciplinary construction projects, and thereby has exacerbated their potential complexity. In its widest form the topic of complexity in construction continues to attract considerable research and re‐evaluation; however the resulting published work remains largely unapplied by construction professionals due to either to its intricacy or difficulty of application. This study concludes that recent advances in information management can facilitate data sharing and thereby resolve many of the early life and project production complexity issues. The aim of this paper is to suggest a new direction for research studies.Design/methodology/approach – This desktop study uses a key word protocol to identify the relationship between published research papers both past and present to first determine the development of complexity research .
Lateral spread of MEMS WDM technologies

Optical MEMS technologies originally developed for the WDM systems have found a wide range of lateral spreading applications. For instance, we have constructed a novel power-over-fiber type OCT endoscope by using two different wavelengths for powering an electrostatic MEMS scanner and for optical probing; this work is on the extension of a MEMS variable optical attenuator. Another example is a Fabry-Perot interferometer for wavelength filtering that has been redirected to a new use of a tunable color pixel developed in a plastic sheet of large area. We look into the diverging potential of MEMS in micro optics.
Design of Wideband Resonant Cavity Antenna using Particle Swarm Optimization

A wideband optimization technique of a Resonant Cavity Antenna (RCA) is demonstrated using a very simple and efficient Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach. The proposed optimization method appears to be attractive as it is driven conveniently by a commercial EM-simulator. This may be treated as a 70-dimensional as well as a wideband optimization problem to optimize ten antenna parameters. The proposed technique offers maximum about 17.6 dBi broadside gain using the optimally designed antenna. The peak-gain is maintained above 11 dBi over the 50% antenna bandwidth.
6.2: A Select Line Driver for the Offset‐Scan‐and‐Hold Dual Select Diode AMLCDs

The basic architecture for an offset‐scan‐and‐hold row select driver for Dual Select Diode (DSD) AMLCDs is presented. It can be implemented in a 30 V CMOS process. The performance of the row driver was simulated with SPICE. This drive method eliminates vertical cross‐talk and can be used in conjunction with 5 V or 3.3 V data drivers on low cost AMLCDs with diagonal size up to at least 30 in.
A Review of Multisensor Fusion Methodologies for Aircraft Navigation Systems

This paper reviews currently existing fault-tolerant navigation system architectures and data fusion methods used in the design and development of integrated aircraft navigation systems and also compares their advantages and disadvantages. Four fault-tolerant navigation system architectures are reviewed and the associated Kalman filter architectures and algorithms are discussed. These techniques have been used in most integrated aircraft navigation systems. The aim of this review paper is to provide a guide for navigation system designers to develop future aircraft multisensor navigation systems.
Decoupled control for integrated rotary–linear switched reluctance motor

The integrated direct-drive rotary-linear switched reluctance motor (RLSRM) is investigated in this paper. The characteristics of the RLSRM are further inspected by using the finite element method after theoretical analysis. The torque and force distribution function (TFDF) is proposed for the RLSRM based on the multiphase excitation scheme to decouple the linear and the rotary axis of motion. Based on the simple proportional-integral-derivative position control algorithm, the experimental results testify the effectiveness of the proposed TFDF for individual control for each axis.
CFD modeling of air quality inside naturally ventilated broiler barns as a function of barn spatial arrangement

One of the most effective ways to improve air quality inside high density poultry barns comes still during the conception of the farm project, such as adopting a minimum distance between naturally ventilated barns that will prevent, at least partially, the exhaust air from one barn to enter the next one downwind. The aim of this study was to use CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) to model ammonia (NH3) concentrations inside naturally ventilated broiler houses and to assess the influence of the surrounding of four poultry houses G1, G2, G3 and G4, all identical with the dimensions 13.5m W x 100m L x 3.5m H, under three typical house spatial arrangements. The different topologies were modeled: In arrangement A1, distances between barns will be as in A2 but the front wall of G2 will be translated 25 m to the axial direction as compared to the G1, and B3 25 m to the same axial direction as compared to G2. For the second arrangement (A2), four poultry barns are positioned side by side with a distance of 35m (side-wall to side wall). For the one another arrangement (A3), the barn G2 will be located 35m from the G1 (downwind) but G3 will be positioned 100m downwind G2. Climatic conditions were being those of a typical summer day in a tropical region like Brazil. Ammonia concentration data was validated, and showed good agreement with experimental data, and the simulations indicated that the arrangement A1 reduced the cumulative effect of the upwind barns, presenting the best results.
Imitation in Large Complex Organizations: A Case of Design for Six Sigma in the Automobile Industry

As companies seek to become lean enterprises, they can take several alternative paths. One extreme is to mechanistically copy tools that work in another company's context to give the appearance of “doing lean” (mechanistic); another is to work to learn and adapt the principles to the local environment developing a culture of organizational learning (organic). Companies that have had some degree of success with lean in manufacturing often decide to move upstream to the engineering design phase. One set of tools for doing this is Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). This article recounts a detailed case study in which executives managing a mechanistic organizational culture, General Motors, decided to copy DFSS, which was purported to be a key success factor in Hyundai's greatly improved product quality. By converting the problem into one of mechanically copying specific tools, General Motors failed to incorporate DFSS into a learning culture, and the process led to mechanistic individual learning of rote procedures with little sustained organizational learning by the company. A model for effective implementation of programs like Design for Six Sigma is proposed.
Dimensionality reduction in designing advanced silicon photonic components

Design of modern integrated nanophotonic components requires increasingly sophisticated optical simulation and optimization tools. Modeling and computational challenges arise with the increase in the number of design parameters and the introduction of multiple and often competing performance criteria. In such high dimensional design parameter spaces, it becomes difficult to navigate, explore, and visualize the best candidate designs that satisfy all the requirements. We present our recently developed approach that leverages dimensionality reduction - an area of machine learning – to identify and efficiently investigate only the most relevant portion of the design space. Once this reduced space is found, mapping and optimization can often be achieved several orders of magnitude faster than in the original design space. We showcase our approach on several design scenarios focusing on components such as optical grating couplers and power splitters. We employ principal component analysis for linear dimensionality reduction, achieving impressive performance despite its simplicity. We also demonstrate the use of a non-linear technique, i.e. neural-network based autoencoders, which can improve the effectiveness of dimensionality reduction even further. All components have nontrivial regions of interest in their design space that are identified and explored through the evaluation of various performance metrics. Visualizations of these regions offer a global picture of device behavior. Different component geometries can then be chosen depending on specific performance requirements or fabrication constraints. The proposed framework can be easily integrated into various design toolkits.
Potential role of oxygen and inorganic nutrients on microbial carbon turnover in the Baltic Sea

Oxygen (O2) deficiency and nutrient concentrations in marine systems are impacting organisms from microbes to higher trophic levels. In coastal and enclosed seas, O2 deficiency is often related to eutrophication and high degradation rates of organic matter. To investigate the impact of O2 concentration on bacterial growth and the turnover of organic matter, we conducted multifactorial batch experiments with natural microbial communities of the central Baltic Sea. Water was collected from suboxic (<5 μmol l−1) depths in the Gotland Basin during June 2015. Samples were kept for 4 d under fully oxygenated and low O2 conditions (mean: 34 μmol l−1 O2), with or without nutrient (ammonium, phosphate and nitrate) and labile carbon (glucose) amendments. We measured bacterial abundance, bacterial heterotrophic production, extracellular enzyme rates (leucine-aminopeptidase) and changes in dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations. Our results show that the bacterial turnover of organic matter was limited by nutrients under both oxic and low O2 conditions. In nutrientand glucose-replete treatments, low O2 concentrations significantly reduced the net uptake of dissolved organic carbon and led to greater accumulation of more labile dissolved organic matter. Our results therewith suggest that the combined effects of eutrophication and deoxygenation on heterotrophic bacterial activity might favor the accumulation of dissolved organic carbon in the Baltic Sea.
Pre- and Post-operative Pain Catastrophizing and Resilience of Patients With Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cohort Study

BackgroundPatients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have psychological comorbidities that influence recovery and functional outcomes. Resilience is a psychological construct defined as an individual's ability to adapt to adversity. Pain catastrophizing encompasses rumination, magnification, and helplessness that patients feel toward their pain. Pain catastrophizing is associated with poor function following surgery. Studies assessing the influence of resilience on postoperative outcomes have shown inconsistent findings and have not accounted for the influence of pain catastrophizing. We sought to identify (1) whether baseline pain catastrophizing and resilience are predictive of postoperative knee function, general physical health, and general mental health three months after TKA and (2) whether baseline pain catastrophizing and resilience are associated with preoperative knee function, general physical health, and general mental health.MethodsPatients undergoing TKA between January 2019 and November 2019 were included in this longitudinal cohort study. Demographics and questionnaires [Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Junior (KOOS, JR.) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical and Mental Health (PROMIS PH and MH, respectively)] were collected preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Multivariable regression was used to test associations of preoperative BRS and PCS with postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe study cohort included 117 patients with a median age of 67.0 years (Q1-Q3: 59.0-72.0). Fifty-three percent of patients were women and 70.1% were white. In multivariable linear regression analyses, baseline pain catastrophizing did not demonstrate a significant association with postoperative 3-month knee function, (β = -0.08, p = 0.543), general physical health (β = -0.11, p = 0.313), or general mental health (β = 0.01, p = 0.919). Baseline resilience positively associated with postoperative knee function (β = 0.24, p = 0.019) and general physical health (β = 0.24, p = 0.013). ConclusionsOur prospective analysis suggests that resilience predicts postoperative knee function and general physical health in patients undergoing TKA. Given the inconsistent findings in this area of research, future studies should continue to delineate preoperative constructs that impact patients following surgery. Exploring interventions targeting the preoperative mental health of patients undergoing TKA may improve outcomes in this cohort.