Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Human Information Processing in Lending Decisions: A Machine Learning Approach

Effective financial reporting requires efficient information processing. This paper studies factors that determine efficient information processing. I exploit a unique small business lending setting where the entire codified demographic and accounting information set that loan officers use is observable (to the researcher). I decompose the loan officers’ decisions into a part driven by codified hard information and a part driven by uncodified soft information. I show that a machine learning model substantially outperforms loan officers in processing hard information. Using the machine learning model as a benchmark, I find that limited attention and overreaction to salient accounting information largely explain the loan officers’ weakness in processing hard information. However, the loan officers acquire more soft information after seeing salient accounting information, suggesting salience has a dual role: it creates bias in hard information processing, but facilitates attention allocation in new information acquisition. 1 mliu7@chicagobooth.edu. I am grateful to my dissertation committee members Philip Berger, Christian Leuz (chair), Sendhil Mullainathan, and Valeri Nikolaev for their guidance and support. I also appreciate helpful comments from Ray Ball, Pietro Bonaldi, Jonathan Bonham, Matthias Breuer, Robert Bushman, Jung Ho Choi, Anna Costello, Hans Christensen, John Gallemore, Pingyang Gao, Joao Granja, Anya Kleymenova, Yun Lee, Rebecca Lester, Ye Li, Jinzhi Lu, Yao Lu, Mark Maffett, Charles McClure, Danqing Mei, Michael Minnis, Maximilian Muhn, Sanjog Misra, Thomas Rauter, Ethan Rouen, Haresh Sapra, Douglas Skinner, Gurpal Sran, Andrew Sutherland, Rimmy Tomy, James Traina, Felix Vetter, Xian Xu, Anastasia Zakolyukina, workshop participants at Chicago Booth, CMU emerging scholar session, and LBS Trans-Atlantic Doctoral Conference. I am indebted to the company executives who preferred to remain anonymous for helpful discussions and access to data. I do not have a financial interest in the outcomes of this research. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Any errors are my own.
Fundamental Limits of Compressed Sensing under Optimal Quantization

—We consider the problem of recovering a sparse vector from a quantized or a lossy compressed version of its noisy random linear projections. Under the replica symmetry postulation, we derive a single-letter expression for the minimal mean squared error (MMSE) as a function of the sampling ratio, the sparsity ratio, the noise intensity and the total number of bits in the quantized representation. This expression describes the excess distortion incurred in encoding the source vector from its noisy random linear projections in lieu of the full source information.
Compilation of Thoughts about AMD Advanced Synchronization Facility and First-Generation Hardware Transactional Memory Support

AMD’s Advanced Synchronization Facility (ASF) is an AMD64 extension for transactional programming and lock-free data structures. After we had released the ASF speciﬁcation to the public, we contacted various transactional memory (TM) experts in academia and industry to get their opinions on ASF and suggestions for improvements. We found their feedback invaluable in understanding what the ﬁrst-generation TM hardware support should look like and how to improve ASF. In this paper, we present the summary of their likes, dislikes, and concerns about ASF and explain our opinions on their suggestions. By sharing the reviews, we hope to encourage further involvement of TM experts in deﬁning a desirable set of requirements for the ﬁrst-generation TM hardware support. We believe that this will greatly help to bring out a better TM support sooner in commercial processors.
The validity of lemma-based lexical richness in authorship attribution: A proposal for the Old English Gospels1

The measure of vocabulary richness to determine the authorship of literary texts has resulted in the formulation of an innumerable set of constants with a varied level of success. Our main objective is to prove that the translatorship of the West Saxon Gospels (WSG henceforth) accomplished by traditional methods cannot be held as valid in view of the statistical data generated2. To fulfil our aim, we have analysed the four gospels for lexical richness through a set of statistical values and constants. Besides the analysis of each of the gospels, we have also carried out a partitioning and randomized study, a cumulative study and a contrastive study. The main innovation rises, however, from the lexical items used, as we rely not only on word-types but also on lemmas. The results have allowed us to rank the four gospels in terms of lexical richness, to distinguish between them and even to cluster any of their partitions. Finally, we conclude with a new proposal for the translatorship of the WSG.
Pulchinenosides from Pulsatilla Chinensis Increase P-Glycoprotein Activity and Induce P-Glycoprotein Expression

Five pulchinenosides (pulchinenoside B3, pulchinenoside BD, pulchinenoside B7, pulchinenoside B10, and pulchinenoside B11) isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge) Regel saponins extract exhibited strong antitumor activities but poor gastrointestinal absorption properties. The enteric induction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is understood to restrict the oral bioavailability of some pharmaceutical compounds and lead to adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the present investigation was intended to delineate the impacts of pulchinenosides on cellular P-gp function and expression using Sf9 membrane vesicles and LS180 cells as a surrogate of human intestinal epithelial cells. Preliminary cytotoxic studies showed that 10 μM was an acceptable concentration for cytotoxicity and antiproliferation studies for all pulchinenosides using the alamarBlue assay. The cell cycle of LS180 cells detected by flow cytometry was not significantly influenced after 48 hours of coincubation with 10 μM of pulchinenosides. In the presence of pulchinenosides, the ATP-dependent transport of N-methyl-quinidine mediated by P-glycoprotein was stimulated significantly. The upregulation of P-glycoprotein and mRNA levels was found by Western blot and real-time PCR analysis in LS180 cells. Parallel changes indicate that all pulchinenosides are exposed to pulchinenosides-mediated transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, pulchinenosides could induce P-glycoprotein expression and directly increase its functional activity.
Kindai University and Kobe University at TRECVID 2019 AVS Task

—This paper presents our system developed for Ad-hoc Video Search (AVS) task in TRECVID 2019. Our system is based on embedding that maps visual and textual information into a common space to measure the relevance of each shot to a topic. We devise three embedding models built on two sources of training data, MS-COCO [1] and Flickr 30k [2]. Image feature extractors and region detector internally used in these models are pre-trained on ImageNet [3] and Visual Genome [4], respectively. The following ﬁve variants of our system were submitted:
Identification of High School Student's Career Preference with the Logistics Model

The aim of education is to develop students' potential according to their interests and talents. Students’ potential and talent need to be detected early so that schools can direct students to choose majors in the university or higher education and eventually select careers that suit their interests and talents. Holland's Personality Theory is the most frequently used theory to study the phenomenon of career preference. The focus of this research is to analyze the career preference of high school students based on Holland's Personality Type. For the analysis, the researchers applied multinomial logistic regression analysis with consideration to the nominal data scale of Holland students' personality types, namely realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that majority of the students have enterprising and artistic personality types. Further, the factors that significantly influence the differences in Holland's Personality Type are the student's major in high school, gender, parents' educational background, parents' income, and parents' occupation.
Position-based Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks

— Delay Tolerant Networks are networks where there are no permanent end-to-end connections. This type of network has a variable topology, with frequent partitions in the connections. Given the dynamic characteristics of these networks, routing protocols can take advantage of dynamic information, such as the node location, to route messages. Geolocation-based routing protocols choose the node that moves to the location of the message destination as the message carrier. In this work, the HybridDirGreedy geographical protocol was developed, using routing metric based on the node movement direction. In the initial phase, the protocol replicates a limited number of messages in the network and then, in the second phase, it uses the direction of movement of the nodes to route the messages in the known destination direction. In order to obtain the locations of nodes in the network, a localization system was created, called GeoLocation, in which each node in the network maintains a dictionary with the location information, movement direction and, speed of nodes with which it established contact. The performance of HybridDirGreedy has been compared with geographic and non-geographic protocols. A comparative analysis of the geographic protocols was made with an optimal scenario, where the nodes know the exact position of all the nodes in the network, and with a scenario in which the protocols use GeoLocation, knowing only the approximate position. The results show that the HybridDirGreedy protocol has a higher delivery rate and lower latency than the other evaluated protocols.
Slice-level Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage on CT Using Deep Descriptors of Adjacent Slices

We propose for the first time a new strategy to train slice-level classifiers on CT scans based on the descriptors of the adjacent slices along the axis. In particular, each of which is extracted through a convolutional neural network (CNN). This method is applicable to CT datasets with per-slice labels such as the RSNA Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) dataset, which aims to predict the presence of ICH and classify it into 5 different sub-types. We obtain a single model in the top 4% best-performing solutions of the RSNA ICH challenge, where model ensembles are allowed. Experiments also show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline model on CQ500. The proposed method is general and can be applied to other 3D medical diagnosis tasks such as MRI imaging. To encourage new advances in the field, we will make our codes and pre-trained model available upon acceptance of the paper.
Finding out Noisy Patterns for Relation Extraction of Bangla Sentences

Relation extraction is one of the most important parts of natural language processing. It is the process of extracting relationships from a text. Extracted relationships actually occur between two or more entities of a certain type and these relations may have different patterns. The goal of the paper is to find out the noisy patterns for relation extraction of Bangla sentences. For the research work, seed tuples were needed containing two entities and the relation between them. We can get seed tuples from Freebase. Freebase is a large collaborative knowledge base and database of general, structured information for public use. But for Bangla language, there is no available Freebase. So we made Bangla Freebase which was the real challenge and it can be used for any other NLP based works. Then we tried to find out the noisy patterns for relation extraction by measuring conflict score.
Moneyball in Offensive vs Defensive Actions in Soccer

There is an established tradition in soccer society, for both soccer fans and club managers to value forwards more than defensive players. However, the soccer rules imply an equally important role of goals scored and goals conceded in a team win. This paper employs these facts to formulate the research hypothesis of undervalued defensive, compared to offensive actions, by professional soccer clubs, known as Moneyball phenomenon in sports economics literature. To test our hypothesis, we use two separate data sets at team and player level (1,224 and 776 observations correspondingly) from two seasons (2017-2019) of the German Bundesliga. We estimate the two groups of models with a dependent variable being, correspondingly, an indicator of win and a market value. We keep the set of controls as similar as possible to make the results of the two groups of models comparable with each other, in terms of a relative contribution of offensive and defensive actions. Offensive actions are measured by shots and key passes, while tackles, interceptions and clearances stay for defensive actions variables. All the key variables are normalized, and the resulting estimates demonstrate both “absolute” and “relative” Moneyball in offense vs defense in different model specifications. This is the first introduction of a term and method of a “relative” Moneyball, to our knowledge. In addition, our results show that there is room for improvement for Bundesliga clubs’ cost of win efficiency, in redistributing funds from offense to defense, at least to some extent
Long-standing Sporadic Pancreatic Insulinoma: Report of a Rare Case

Insulinomas are rare, functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors arising from the pancreatic multipotent stem cells or neuroendocrine islet, occurring with a higher proportion in females. Majority of insulinomas have a sporadic etiology; however, only 5%-10% develop as a part of multiple endocrine neoplasm type 1 syndrome. They usually present with symptoms of hypoglycemia including disturbance in orientation, tremors, diaphoresis, altered mental state, seizures and visual changes among others. The diagnosis is based on appreciation of the classic Whipple triad, i.e. neuroglycopenic symptoms and sympathetic drive along with low serum glucose levels (<50 mg/dL) and a complete reversibility of these symptoms with prompt administration of glucose. The gold standard treatment for insulinoma involves complete surgical excision (i.e. enucleation), which is curative in 90% of the patients. Health care physicians should have a high index of suspicion for this tumor in patients presenting with neurological and sympathetic symptoms, particularly if they are resolved after eating. Here, we report the case of a 48-year-old female with the history of multiple episodes of hypoglycemic symptoms for the past two years which improved on glucose intake. Furthermore, we also summarized the discussion regarding diagnosis and management of pancreatic insulinoma.
U(1)⊗ U(1) Gauge Fields on Domain Walls

We begin by giving an overview of the historical development and the mathematical preliminaries for the domain wall, or brane world model. Included is an exposition of a simple Lagrangian which permits a domain wall configuration and an example of a warped gravitational metric. We then proceed to develop a technique for analysing the stability of static solutions to a set of field equations, motivated by the necessity to prove stability of gauge fields semi-localised to a domain wall. The technique is based on finding the eigenvalues associated with normal modes of small perturbations upon a static solution. We outline a successful implementation of this technique on a variety of domain wall models, including a U(1) ⊗ U(1) model as previously studied by Rozowsky et al. [1]. In addition to this perturbative eigenvalue analysis, we also numerically time evolve the field equations of motion to obtain a more intuitive understanding of their stability behaviour. Our main results are establishing the stability, for a large range of parameters, of both the scalar and gauge field static solutions in the U(1)⊗U(1) case. Finally, we introduce gravity into the action integral in a way which generalises the Randall-Sundrum model [2, 3] and includes U(1) ⊗ U(1) gauge fields. While we obtain the standard domain wall solutions, we show there are no finite static solutions for localised or even semi-localised gauge fields. Signature . This work, including text, equations and figures, can be copied in part or full for any purpose so long as this statement is included intact. Statement of contributions The introduction and mathematical overview in Sections 1 and 2 are original expressions of my own understanding and knowledge of the subject at hand. I independently developed and implemented the perturbative stability techniques described in Section 3, along with the time evolution algorithm. I have carried through the derivation of all the equations of motion, as obtained from the action integrals. My supervisor and others have previously used the U(1)⊗ U(1) and gravitational Lagrangian but the equations given in this thesis have been rederived. The numerical techniques given in Appendix A are widely known and used, but I have given my own derivation and a description of my understanding. I have generated all the plots and figures, both 2D and 3D, many with the help of Gnuplot. I have written all the code used to obtain the results presented except the tqli tri-diagonal matrix solver from Numerical Recipes in C.
Estimation of natural radioactivity of some medicinal or herbal plants used in kars, turkey

In Natural radioactive materials may be existing in the environmental substances that have uses in pharmacy and medicine as health supplements. In this study, natural radionuclides such as 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in seven medicinal or herbal plants collected from the local market in Kars, Turkey were analysed. All samples were analysed by means of gamma-ray spectrometer using NaI(Tl) detector. The radioactivity concentrations were found to vary in the range of 16.39±2.2 to 32.76 ±3.5 Bqkg-1 for 226Ra, 19.74±3.7 to 85.01±5.6 Bqkg-1 for 232Th, and from 795.82±9.8 to 1056.28±14.4 Bqkg-1 for 40K. Rosehip showed the lowest activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, while rumex patientia showed the highest activity concentration of 40K. In this research study, we aimed to determine the activity concentrations of radionuclides in medicinal plants and provide useful information to carry out a dose assessment to be exposed to people using medicinal plants for healing various diseases.
Work Pulling Strings from a Tangle

In the last years with the advent of digital music players, private music consumption has become seemingly ubiquitous. Services like Last.fm give us the chance to record every track we listen to, resulting in large sets of personal data. However, so far there are no tools for comprehensively analyzing the data at hand. This thesis presents LastHistory, an interactive visualization for displaying music listening histories, along with contextual information from personal photos and calendar entries. It is suitable for two tasks: The Analysis Mode allows to generate insight for arbitrary listening histories in three basic dimensions: time, tracks, and genre. The Personal Mode aims at making one’s own history accessible, and encourages reminiscing through the personal context included in the visualization. The thesis first shows related work on timelines, music listening histories, and media browsing interfaces, before outlining the conceptual design, operation, and implementation of LastHistory. Two user studies were conducted in order to evaluate the work, resulting in very positive results, which are presented at the end of the thesis. VISUALIZING MUSIC LISTENING HISTORIES
Governance and Group Conflict

Many situations in the social and economic life are characterized by rivalry and conflict between two or more competing groups. Warfare, socio-political conflicts, political elections, lobbying, and R&D competitions are all examples of inter-group conflicts in which groups spend scarce and costly resources to gain an advantage over other groups. Here, we report on an experiment that investigates the impact of political institutions within groups on the development of conflict between groups. We find that relative to the case in which group members can decide individually on their level of conflict engagement, conflict significantly intensifies when investments are determined democratically by voting or when a single group member (the dictator) can decide on behalf of the group. These results hold for both symmetric and asymmetric contests, as well as for situations in which institutions are adopted exogenously or endogenously. Our findings thus suggest that giving people the possibility to vote is not the main reason for why democracies seem to engage in less wars than autocracies. Nevertheless, when giving participants the possibility to choose which institution to adopt, we find that the voting institution is the by far most popular one as it combines the desirable features of autonomy and equality
MT studies at the San Andreas Fault Zone: Implications for the role of fluids

Fluids residing in interconnected porosity networks have a significant weakening effect on rheology of rocks and can strongly influence deformation along fault zones. The magnetotelluric (MT) technqiue is sensitive to interconnected fluid networks, and can image these zones on crustal and upper mantle scales. MT has imaged several prominent electrically conductive anomalies at the San Andreas fault which have been attributed to the presence of saline fluids within such networks, and which have been associated with tectonic processes. These models suggest that ongoing fluid release in the upper mantle and lower crust is closely related to the mechanical state of the crust. Where fluids are drained into the brittle portion of the crust, and where these fluids are kept at high pressures, M. Becken GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany E-mail: michael.becken@uni-muenster.de Present address: WWU, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Münster, Germany O. Ritter GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Becken_Review_SAF. tex Click here to view linked References
NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF THE CAVITATING FLOW ON A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYMMETRICAL HYDROFOIL WITH A SINGLE FLUID MODEL Workshop on physical models and CFD tools for computation of cavitating flows

This paper presents CFD simulations of the cavitating flow around the symmetrical 2D hydrofoil proposed as a test case in the "Workshop on physical models and CFD tools for computation of cavitating flows". The calculations were carried out in the ENSTA laboratory (Palaiseau, France). The results are analysed according to the propositions of the workshop. Some experimental visualisations and measurements performed in the IRENav cavitation tunnel (Brest, France) are also proposed. The calculations are based on a single fluid approach of the cavitating flow: the liquid/vapour mixture is treated as a homogeneous fluid whose density is controlled by a barotropic state law. This physical model is integrated into a numerical resolution derived from the SIMPLE algorithm, modified in our case to deal with the very high compressibility of the fluid. Results presented in the paper focus on cavitation inception, the shape and the general behaviour of the sheet of cavitation, lift and drag forces, and pressure wall signals around the foil. A numerical estimation of the void fraction evolution inside the cavity is also presented.