Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of “ASCUS” in women over age 50 is less likely to be associated with dysplasia

Many investigators have found that cervical dysplasia is common when follow‐up data are obtained from patients with a diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). This study tests the hypothesis that ASCUS in older women is less likely to predict dysplasia than in younger women, and quantifies the difference. We constructed a retrospective case/control cohort from patients diagnosed with ASCUS by our service in 1997. Follow‐up information was obtained on 150 patients over age 50 and a temporally matched control cohort under age 50. In women under 50, our control group, we found that 29.5% of patients had dysplasia on follow‐up. This number is similar to that seen in many studies in the literature. In comparison, women over 50 showed only 12.8% of patients with any level of dysplasia. This difference is statistically significant by chi‐square analysis, at P = 0.0077. A diagnosis of ASCUS in women over 50 yrs old is 2.3‐fold less likely to be associated with dysplasia than that diagnosis in younger patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:132–136, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin of somatosensory evoked scalp responses in man.

ECAUSE of similarities between somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the scalp and those arising directly from the brain (animal or man), early components of the scalp response have been thought to arise from the primary sensory area, late ones to originate more diffusely in associated areas or midline cortex at the vertex. 2,5-1~ However, whether these assumptions are correct, whether there is an ipsilateral as well as a contralateral cortical contribution, or whether the entire scalp response derives only from the contralateral primary sensory area, are questions which remain unanswered and with which this paper will deal. The study centers on a group of patients who had selective cortical ablations for epilepsy. For our purpose they afforded a unique opportunity in that some required excision of the somatosensory hand area, either alone, or in addition to other tissue, thus enabling us to compare the effects of such ablations, on the scalp response, with that of other cerebral excisions. Also, during surgery multiple cortical recordings were made from the entire exposed field to identify all cortical areas that are capable of generating a somatosensory response. Comparison of these cortical responses with scalp potentials that were elicited simultaneously provided additional important information. Methods
Elutriation: Theoretical Considerations and Methodological Improvements

The conventional elutriation method used for separating meiofauna and sediment yields insufficiently correct quantitative results. A critical evaluation of the physical background of this method leads to the construction of a differently shaped separation funnel and to improvements allowing better controlled, gradual variations in waterflow velocity and sieve mesh sizes. Comparative tests of the conventional and the new method, using similarly composed coral sediments and organism mixtures demonstrated a significantly higher efficiency of the new method: only 5 "/r~ of the organisms contained in the test samples disappeared with the new method, compared with 16 "/c, using the conventional one. Moreover, the new method elutriates with a much higher degree of purity: an average of 23 mg sediment accumulated in the sieves, as opposed to 2380 mg with the old method.
Transient decrease in calbindin immunoreactivity of the rat fascia dentata granule cells after repeated electroconvulsive shocks

Changes in hippocampal calbindin immunoreactivity were investigated after repeated electroconvulsive shocks. Adult rats were subjected to 10, 20, or 36 electroconvulsive shocks (50 mA, 0.5 seconds), given as on shock per day, 5 days a week. The rats were sacrificed and processed for calbindin immunohistochemistry 1, 2, and 30 days after the last electroconvulsive shock. In the rats receiving 10 or 20 electroconvulsive shocks, a selective reduction of the calbindin immunoreactivity of the dentate granule cell bodies, dendrites, and mossy fibers was noted 1 and 2 days after the last electroconvulsive shock. After 36 electroconvulsive shocks there was an almost complete loss of calbindin immunoreactivity from the granule cell bodies and dendrites, and the calbindin immunoreactivity of the mossy fibers was markedly reduced. Thirty days after the last of 36 electroconvulsive shocks, the calbindin immunoreactivity was back to normal. Besides demonstrating pronounced changes associated with repeated electroconvulsive shocks, the results confirm the transient nature of these changes.
Efficient circular object detection with hypothesis filtering strategy and Hough transform

A Hough-like technique for circular object detection is reported. The proposed technique is simple in implementation, efficient in computation and robust to noise. In general, to evaluate circle parameters for all possible point triplets in an edge image containing n points, /sub n/C3 enumerations of the points have to be examined. However, if specific relations of the circle points are sought, the required number of enumerations can be reduced. In this paper, we propose one such technique with point triplets possessing right angle property and the required enumerations can be reduced to /sub n/C2. In addition, a novel hypothesis processing strategy known as hypothesis filtering is introduced. This includes two novel constraints: consistency checking with gradient angles and neighbouring points validation, which are used to filter non-circular feature point sets possessing right angle property. It is found that the use of hypothesis filtering as a preprocessing step improves significantly the speed of detection. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method to detect circles in both synthetic drawings and real images.
The 1-Week and 8-Month Effects of a Ketogenic Diet or Ketone Salt Supplementation on Multi-Organ Markers of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Rats

We determined the short- and long-term effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone salt (KS) supplementation on multi-organ oxidative stress and mitochondrial markers. For short-term feedings, 4 month-old male rats were provided isocaloric amounts of KD (n = 10), standard chow (SC) (n = 10) or SC + KS (~1.2 g/day, n = 10). For long-term feedings, 4 month-old male rats were provided KD (n = 8), SC (n = 7) or SC + KS (n = 7) for 8 months and rotarod tested every 2 months. Blood, brain (whole cortex), liver and gastrocnemius muscle were harvested from all rats for biochemical analyses. Additionally, mitochondria from the brain, muscle and liver tissue of long-term-fed rats were analyzed for mitochondrial quantity (maximal citrate synthase activity), quality (state 3 and 4 respiration) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Liver antioxidant capacity trended higher in short-term KD- and SC + KS-fed versus SC-fed rats, and short-term KD-fed rats exhibited significantly greater serum ketones compared to SC + KS-fed rats indicating that the diet (not KS supplementation) induced ketonemia. In long term-fed rats: (a) serum ketones were significantly greater in KD- versus SC- and SC + KS-fed rats; (b) liver antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase protein was significantly greater in KD- versus SC-fed rats, respectively, while liver protein carbonyls were lowest in KD-fed rats; and (c) gastrocnemius mitochondrial ROS production was significantly greater in KD-fed rats versus other groups, and this paralleled lower mitochondrial glutathione levels. Additionally, the gastrocnemius pyruvate-malate mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was significantly impaired in long-term KD-fed rats, and gastrocnemius mitochondrial quantity was lowest in these animals. Rotarod performance was greatest in KD-fed rats versus all other groups at 2, 4 and 8 months, although there was a significant age-related decline in performance existed in KD-fed rats which was not evident in the other two groups. In conclusion, short- and long-term KD improves select markers of liver oxidative stress compared to SC feeding, although long-term KD feeding may negatively affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology.
EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF BLUMEA ERIANTHA DC LEAVES ON PROTEIN METABOLISM AND MARKER ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC ANIMALS Research Article

The object of present study to investigate the possible protective effect of methanolic extracts of Blumea eriantha DC leaves on various biochemical markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in rats. STZ treatment (60 mg/kg/i.p) caused a hyperglycemic state that led to various physiological and biochemical alterations. Blood levels of glucose, urea, uric acid and creatinine, plasma levels of albumin and albumin/globulin ratio and the activities of diagnostic marker enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ -GT) in plasma, liver and kidney were markedly altered in STZ diabetic rats. Oral administration of Blumea eriantha DC (250, 500 mg/kg/p.o) for 21 days restored all these biochemical parameters to near normal levels. Thus, the present results have shown that methanolic extracts of Blumea eriantha DC leaves has the antihyperglycemic effect and consequently may alleviate liver and renal damage associated with STZinduced diabetes in rats.
A flip-chip MMIC design with CPW technology in the W-band

We designed and fabricated a W-band flip-chip MMIC amplifier with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line using 0.15 /spl mu/m InGaP-InGaAs HEMT technology. In addition, we present a test structure for obtaining an accurate flip-chip CPW line model, and demonstrate a two-stage flip-chip MMIC amplifier with a gain of 12 dB at 79 GHz to validate this model.
Validating the SF-36.

site, the nature of the dusts involved and the quantities affecting the local population could well be different. Afacan's allusion to research into occupational exposures in the mining industry is irrelevant in the community setting and his reliance on occupational exposure standards is unwise. The numbers ofpeople employed in open cast mining is low, so it is unlikely to improve community health by bringing jobs and increased prosperity to the area. Chambers has eloquently expressed the feelings that the "spectre of open cast mining" brings to a community. ' We would welcome a major epidemiological study to evaluate the size of the risk and the nature of the mechanisms involved, but in 1989 the Secretary of State for Wales felt that no such study was required. I M F TEMPLE Glynneath, West Glamorgan SAl 1 5AL
Toward a theory of medical fallibility.

N o species of fallibility is more important or less understood than fallibility in medical practice. The physician's propensity for damaging error is widely denied, perhaps because it is so intensely feared. Patients who suffer at the hands of their physicians often seek compensation by invoking the procedures of malpractice claims, and physicians view such claims as perhaps the only outcomes more earnestly to be avoided than even the damaging errors from which they presumably arise. Malpractice insurance rates soar, physicians strike, legislatures intervene, and, in the end, health care suffers from the absence of a clear understanding of what medical error is, how it arises, to what extent it is avoidable, when it is culpable, and what relationship it should bear to compensation for harm. It is to this cluster of questions that we direct our efforts. We seek to provide the basic outlines of a theory of medical fallibility. Such a theory, to be accepted as adequate, must account for certain basic data. Those data include the fact that medical error not only occurs, but seems unavoidable; that some medical error seems innocent even when severely damaging, whereas other medical error seems culpable; that the harm that results from medical error seems some-
Battery/UC hybridization for electric vehicles via a novel double input DC/DC power converter

In this work, for electric vehicles (EVs), a novel double input DC-DC power converter, that enables utilization of a battery and ultra-capacitor (UC) in parallel while increasing the overall performance of electric vehicles and recovering regenerative breaking energy, is introduced. Since UCs have higher power density when compared to batteries, by the use of a UC as a power input, DC bus voltage regulation at transients and peak loads is achieved easily, thus the life of the battery and efficiency of the system are increased. The average value model of the proposed converter is created in MATLAB®, Simulink® and SimPowerSystems® environment, then its dynamic performance is tested under the load determined from the ECE-15 drive cycle.
Two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐capillary zone electrophoresis‐sheathless electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry: Evaluation for peptide analysis and protein identification

A peptide separation strategy that combines two‐dimensional (2‐D) liquid chromatography (LC)‐capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is described for the identification of proteins in complex mixtures. To test the effectiveness of this strategy, a serum sample was depleted of the high‐abundance proteins by methanol precipitation, digested with trypsin to generate a complex peptide mixture, and separated into 96 fractions by reversed‐phase (RP)‐LC. Compared to ion‐exchange LC separations, RPLC provides much higher resolution and peak capacity. Fractions were collected off‐line from the RPLC separation, and subjected to short 20 min CZE separations. The separated zones were introduced to the mass spectrometer through a sheathless electrospray ionization interface that is integrated on the separation capillary. The ease of fabrication of the interface and its durability allowed for the analysis of all fractions on a single capillary in a relatively short analysis time. A stable electrospray was produced at nanoliter flowrates by augmenting analyte electrophoretic and electroosmotic mobilities with pressure‐assisted flow. Unlike first‐dimensional ion‐exchange LC fractionation, where there is a large degree of overlap, the CZE‐MS results show less than 15% overlap between neighboring RPLC fractions.
Homofermentative lactic acid bacteria of a traditional cheese, Comlek peyniri from Cappadocia region

Comlek peyniri is a typical artisanal cheese in Central Anatolia. This type of cheese was made by using the indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) flora of cow or ewes' milk. Majority of the samples were taken from fresh cheese because the aim was to isolate homofermentative LAB. Initially 661 microbial isolates were obtained from 17 cheese samples. Only 107 were found to be homofermentative LAB. These isolates were selected and identified by using both phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic identification included curd formation from skim milk, catalase test, Gram staining and light microscopy, growth at different temperatures and salt concentrations, arginine hydrolysis, gas production from glucose, and carbohydrate fermentation. Molecular identification was based on the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene-ITS (internally transcribed spacer) region. By combining the phenotypic and molecular identification results, isolates belonging to each of the following genera were determined at species or subspecies level: 54 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 21 Enterococcus faecium, 3 Ec. faecalis, 2 Ec. durans, 10 Ec. sp. , 15 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, and 2 Lb. casei strains. Technological characterisation was also performed by culturing each of the strains in UHT skim milk, and by monitoring pH change and lactic acid production at certain time intervals through the 24 h incubation. Results of the technological characterisation indicated that 33% of the isolates (35 strains) were capable of lowering the pH of UHT milk below 5·3 after 6 h incubation at 30 °C. Thirty four of these strains were Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, and only one was an Ec. faecium strain.
Inferolateral Microsurgical Approach to the Orbit: An Anatomical Study

Using detailed cadaveric dissection this study has demonstrated the increase in exposure by using the inferolateral microsurgical approach for neurosurgical and ophthalmological access. The approach to surgical exploration of this region is divided into three steps. The neural, muscular and vascular structures of each step are discussed. We think that, with an intimate understanding of the anatomy of the orbit, many large intraorbital lesions located in the muscle cone and the inferior nasal compartment of the orbit can be safely removed through inferolateral orbitotomy.
Reversible resistive switching behaviors in NiO nanowires

We have investigated resistive switching phenomena in NiO nanowires fabricated using anodized aluminum oxide membranes and shown that NiO nanowires exhibit reversible and bistable resistive switching behaviors like those in NiO thin films. However, compared to NiO thin films, electroforming in NiO nanowires takes place at much lower electric fields. These results suggest the possibility of developing nanowire-based resistance memory devices.
RAD54 forms DNA repair foci in response to DNA damage in living plant cells

Plants have various defense mechanisms against environmental stresses that induce DNA damage. Genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed the sensing and signaling of DNA damage, but little is known about subnuclear dynamics in response to DNA damage in living plant cells. Here, we observed that the chromatin remodeling factor RAD54, which is involved in DNA repair via the homologous recombination pathway, formed subnuclear foci (termed RAD54 foci) in Arabidopsis thaliana after induction of DNA double-strand breaks. The appearance of RAD54 foci was dependent on the ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED-SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 pathway, and RAD54 foci were co-localized with γH2AX signals. Laser irradiation of a subnuclear area demonstrated that in living cells RAD54 was specifically accumulated at the damaged site. In addition, the formation of RAD54 foci showed specificity for cell type and region. We conclude that RAD54 foci correspond to DNA repair foci in A. thaliana.
Preprocessing and feature extraction for a handwriting recognition system

Offline cursive script word recognition has received increasing attention during the last years. Impressive progress has been achieved in reading isolated single characters during the last decade. Cursive script recognition still lacks a good recognition rate. Since there is a high variability in unconstrainted handwritten script words, the domain is much more difficult than single character recognition. To achieve acceptable results, the context has to be restricted by a given lexicon of all possible words. The only accessible information is the binary image of the cursive script word. Since handling of raster data is cumbersome, connectivity analysis is applied as a first processing step. Thereafter it is necessary to reduce the variability as much as possible without losing relevant information. Therefore, some normalization steps angle, rotation stroke width, and size. The normalization techniques of the authors' system and the subsequent feature extraction are presented. The proposed algorithms are every efficient because they are based on the contour information provided by connectivity analysis. <<ETX>>
Programmed death 1 ligand signaling regulates the generation of adaptive Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells

Although mature dendritic cells (DCs) are potent initiators of adaptive immune response, immature steady-state DCs contribute to immune tolerance. In this study, we show that ex vivo splenic DCs are capable of inducing conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells to adaptive Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (aTreg) in the presence of TGF-β. In particular, when compared with splenic CD8α− DCs, the CD8α+ DC subset were superior in inducing higher frequencies of conversion. This was not attributable to the difference in basal level of costimulation, because deficiency of CD40 or CD80/86 signaling did not diminish the differential induction of Foxp3. Conversion was regulated by DC maturation status. Further insights into the molecular mechanisms of conversion were gained by analyzing the contribution of several costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors. Costimulatory signals through GITR suppressed conversion, whereas coinhibitory signaling via programmed death 1 ligand (PD-L1) but not PD-L2 was required for conversion. Ex vivo PD-L1−/− DCs failed to support Foxp3 induction in the presence of TGF-β. In vivo blocking PD-L1 signaling abolished conversion in a tumor-induced aTreg conversion model. Collectively, this study highlights the cellular and molecular parameters that might be exploited to control the de novo generation of aTregs and peripheral tolerance.
An Evaluation of Two-Stage Systematic Sampling in Micro-Architecture Simulation

Software simulation is the most important method for computer architects to evaluate the function and performance of their new designs. Due to the prohibitively long simulation time when running the full dynamic instruction streams of benchmarks on simulators in detailed simulation mode, many use sampling simulation to accelerate the simulation speed without sacrificing the accuracy greatly. However, the simulation speed of most existing simulators still can not satisfy the computer architects. This paper presents the two-stage systematic sampling (TSSS) approach to accelerate the micro-architecture simulation. As other simulation sampling methods, only a subset of benchmark instructions are simulated and measured in detail. But selecting the instructions through two-stage systematic sampling approach has advantages in theory and practice. Tests of 7 benchmarks from SPEC CPU2000 show that this approach can achieve only 0.06% IPC error while the simulation time is only 1/23 of the time needed by sim-outorder. In the same condition, the IPC error of SMARTS which is the best existing simulator is 1.14% and the simulation time of SMARTS is 1/21 of the time needed by sim-outorder. TSSS approach can reduce the simulation time from SMARTS' 1/19 to 1/26 of the time needed by sim-outorder while the IPC error is only lost 0.65%.
A new pathologic mitochondrial DNA mutation in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (MT‐CO1)

A disorder of mitochondrial energy metabolism may be missed in children with a very mild phenotype. Here, we described a patient with a moderate mental retardation and a mild exercise intolerance. This child harboured a mtDNA transition (m.6955G>A) in the subunit I of the cytochrome oxidase (MT‐CO1) that fulfils most of the requirements to be pathologic. Despite this subunit is the second longest polypeptide encoded in the mtDNA, only one other missense mutation associated with a myopathy has been described. This suggests that we are missing other phenotypes and that the mitochondrial pathology field is broader that previously thought. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.