Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An essay on the Riemann Hypothesis 3 function fields as done

The Riemann hypothesis is, and will hopefully remain for a long time, a great motivation to uncover and explore new parts of the mathematical world. After reviewing its impact on the development of algebraic geometry we discuss three strategies, working concretely at the level of the explicit formulas. The first strategy is “analytic” and is based on Riemannian spaces and Selberg’s work on the trace formula and its comparison with the explicit formulas. The second is based on algebraic geometry and the Riemann-Roch theorem. We establish a framework in which one can transpose many of the ingredients of the Weil proof as reformulated by Mattuck, Tate and Grothendieck. This framework is elaborate and involves noncommutative geometry, Grothendieck toposes and tropical geometry. We point out the remaining difficulties and show that RH gives a strong motivation to develop algebraic geometry in the emerging world of characteristic one. Finally we briefly discuss a third strategy based on the development of a suitable “Weil cohomology”, the role of Segal’s Γ -rings and of topological cyclic homology as a model for “absolute algebra” and as a cohomological tool.
Identifying glacial refugia in a geographic parthenogen using palaeoclimate modelling and phylogeography: the New Zealand stick insect Argosarchus horridus (White)

We have used phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (COI and COII genes) and ecological niche modelling (ENM) to reconstruct the population history of Argosarchus horridus (White), a widespread species of New Zealand stick insect. These data were used to address outstanding questions on the role of glacial refugia in determining the distribution and genetic structure of New Zealand species. Phylogeographic analysis shows a general pattern of high diversity in upper North Island and reduced diversity in lower North Island and South Island. The ENM indicates that during the last glacial maximum, A. horridus was largely restricted to refugia around coastal areas of North Island. The ENM also suggests refugia on the northeast coast of South Island and southeast coast of North Island and this prediction is verified by phylogeographic analysis, which shows a clade restricted to this region. Argosarchus horridus is also most likely a geographic parthenogen where males are much rarer at higher latitudes. The higher levels of genetic variation in northern, bisexual populations suggest southern and largely unisexual populations originated from southwardly expanding parthenogenetic lineages. Bayesian skyline analysis also provides support for a recent population size increase consistent with a large increase in geographic distribution in the late Pleistocene. These results exemplify the utility of integrating ENM and phylogeographic analysis in testing hypotheses on the origin of geographic parthenogenesis and effects of Pleistocene environmental change on biodiversity.
Bivalirudin: a review

Bivalirudin (Angiomax®) is a thrombin-inhibiting oligopeptide that was developed via rational drug design as a hirudin analogue (‘hirulog’). Similar to hirudin, it is a bivalent thrombin inhibitor, as its 20-amino acid structure combines a carboxy-terminal region that recognises thrombin’s fibrin(ogen)-binding site, and an amino-terminal tetrapeptide that inhibits the active site of thrombin, connected by a tetraglycine spacer. It has certain pharmacological advantages over hirudin, including enzymic metabolism (less dependence on renal clearance) and low immunogenicity (reduced potential for anaphylaxis). Bivalirudin is approved for use in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and is undergoing active investigation for anticoagulation during cardiac surgery, both ‘off-pump’ and with cardiopulmonary bypass (‘on-pump’). Anecdotal ‘off-label’ experience for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia shows promise.
Phase agile BST-loaded dual resonance reflectarray design at Ka-Band

In this paper, a Ka-band tunable dual resonance reflectarray element, its design methodology, limitations, and design tradeoffs are presented. Tunability is achieved by loading the antenna element with Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film. The effects of limited frequency tuning, coupling conditions, and inherent loss is investigated using full-wave simulations. A unit cell design demonstrating an overall phase range of 360o and an average loss of 8.25 dB at 30.97 GHz is realized.
Towards a collection of refactoring patterns based on code clone categorization

Code clone is a code fragment that has identical or similar fragments to it in the source code. Fowler and Kereivsky wrote several techniques to remove code clones in refactoring patterns that they documented. Those refactoring patterns include characteristics of code clone and corresponding steps to merge code clones. However, according to our experience in code clone research field, a lot of different types exist between code clones similar to each others, and most of those difference types are not mentioned in previous refactoring pattern. It is useful to develop a collection of patterns for clone refactoring based on precise code clone categorization. In this paper, we describe an approach to developing our intended collection of refactoring patterns and then propose an example of refactoring pattern that we have developed.
Endocytic pathway of recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor in L-929 cells.

The fate of TNF after binding to the surface of L-929 cells was followed by using murine rTNF coupled to colloidal gold as a probe. A time-course study using electron microscopy was performed. Our results confirm previous indications obtained from biochemical studies suggesting that TNF is internalized by this cell type. They further directly show that internalization proceeds through the classical receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway, i.e., via clathrin-coated structures and endosomes before accumulation in secondary lysosomes.
Identification of MaTu-MX agent as a new strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and serological indication of horizontal spread of LCMV in human population.

In this study we elucidated the molecular character of MaTu-MX, previously described as an unusual transmissible agent. Amino acid sequencing of peptides generated from a 58-kDa MX-related protein purified from MaTu human carcinoma cells allowed us to identify it as a nucleoprotein (NP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Northern blot analysis detected LCMV-specific RNAs in MaTu cells. Comparative immunoprecipitations showed cross-reactivity between NP of LCMV strain WE and MX NP. Using RT-PCR, we have cloned MX NP cDNA. According to sequence comparison, MX LCMV is as closely related to both LCMV strains WE and Armstrong as these strains are to one another. Based on this finding we propose that MX is a new strain of LCMV. We also showed that the stability of MX NP in MaTu cells is very high and that the virus is transmissible by cell-to-cell contact or by cell-free extract to human HeLa and monkey Vero cells, but not to human AGS, canine MDCK, mouse NIH 3T3, and hamster CHO cells. Finally, employing MX LCMV NP in immunoprecipitation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay, we found 37.5% prevalence of anti-LCMV antibodies in human sera, suggesting possible horizontal spread of the virus in the human population.
Facile fabrication of microstructured fluoropolymer encapsulation for light extraction enhancement of deep ultraviolet LEDs

In this paper, we present a simple and green approach to economically fabricate microlens arrays (MLAs) on fluoropolymer encapsulation for deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs). The MLAs can be fabricated by micromolding water condensing based porous films. By controlling the input current and working time of initiative cooling, uniform porous film with the average height of 1.58 µm and the average bottom-width of 1.12 µm was prepared. The MLA with the aspect ratio (AR) of 1.41 was fabricated by micromolding the porous film templates. In addition, the fluoropolymer encapsulation with MLA was applied for the packaging of DUV-LED. Consequently, the light output power of DUV-LED is enhanced of 7.1% by using this MLA at the driving current of 350 mA.
Repair of post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistulae through the left pre-sternocleidomastoid approach: a recent case series of 13 patients.

OBJECTIVE Post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a late complication of tracheotomy, while membranous trachea laceration during percutaneous dilational tracheostomy is implicated in the generation of early post-tracheotomy TEF. Surgical repair is the only viable option for these patients and the technique of repair depends on a variety of factors. METHODS Totally 13 patients (mean age: 54.1±12.6 years; male: 8) with post-intubation TEF were managed between 2007 and 2013. The diagnosis was always made through esophagoscopy followed by endoscopic gastrostomy and bronchoscopy for repositioning of the tracheal tube just above the carina. Repair of the fistula was made in all patients through a left pre-sternocleidomastoid incision followed by dissection of the fistulous tract, suturing of esophagus and trachea and interposition of the whole pedicled left sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCMM) between the two suture lines. RESULTS Five out of the 13 procedures were performed in mechanically ventilated patients; 3 of them died from septic complications during the postoperative period while fistula recurred in 1 of those 3 patients due to extensive inflammation of the tracheal wall. The rest 8 patients underwent fistula repair after weaning from mechanical ventilation and the results of repair were excellent. The additional procedure of temporary T-tube insertion was obviated in one patient to manage extensive tracheomalacia. CONCLUSIONS The left pre-sternocleidomastoid incision is an excellent access for the repair of a post-intubation TEF without tracheal resection. The interposition of the whole left pedicled SCMM between the suture lines of trachea and esophagus avoids fistula recurrence and offers the best chance for cure.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection reverses E-cadherin promoter hypermethylation

Background: E-cadherin methylation is important in gastric carcinogenesis. Reversing hypermethylation may halt the carcinogenic process. We have previously reported that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with E-cadherin methylation in chronic gastritis patients. Aim: To examine if eradication of H pylori could reverse E-cadherin methylation. Methods: Patients with dyspepsia and positive for H pylori infection, with a mucosal biopsy showing chronic active gastritis, were randomised to receive H pylori eradication therapy (group 1, n = 41) or no treatment (group 2, n = 40), and were followed up prospectively. Gastric mucosae were taken for methylation assay at week 0 (before treatment) and week 6 (after treatment). Archived specimens of intestinal metaplasia with H pylori infection (n = 22) and without (n = 19) were retrieved for methylation analysis. Methylation was assessed using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results: Methylation at E-cadherin was detected in 46% (19/41) and 17% (7/41) of patients at weeks 0 and 6, respectively, in group 1 (p = 0.004); 78.9% (15/19) of specimens were unmethylated after eradication of H pylori. Mucosal biopsy showed chronic inactive gastritis in 35 patients, intestinal metaplasia in one, and normal mucosa in five at week 6. Methylation was detected in 47.5% (19/40) and 52.5% (21/40) of patients at weeks 0 and 6, respectively, in group 2 (P = 0.5). Gastric mucosal biopsy showed persistent chronic active gastritis in all cases. Methylation frequency did not differ in H pylori positive or negative intestinal metaplastic specimens (72.7% v 63%; p = 0.5). Conclusion:H pylori eradication therapy could reverse methylation in patients with chronic gastritis. This demonstrates an environmental effect on methylation.
Calculated photo-isomerization efficiencies of functionalized azobenzene derivatives in solar energy materials: azo-functional organic linkers for porous coordinated polymers

Recently, we used a local orbital density functional theory code called FIREBALL, to study the photoisomerization process in azobenzene derivatives for solar energy materials. Azobenzene functional groups undergo photoisomerization upon light irradiation or application of heat. Zhou et al (2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 99–102) showed that these azobenzenes can then be introduced into metal–organic frameworks via an organic linker in order to create a reversible switch for CO2 adsorption. In this manuscript, we examined how the addition of organic linkers (isophthalic acid) changes the relaxation times, isomerization mechanism, and quantum yield for both the cis↔trans pathways. We then tuned these properties by substituting functional groups, finding an increase in quantum yield as well as improved optical properties.
Metrological Characteristics of Small Angle Mössbauer Spectrometer for the Investigation of Condensed Matter

For the study of condensed matter and especially the processes in the crystals lattices for information analysis of energies 10-7 - 10-8 eV, spectrometer in the base of Mossbauer spectroscopy for the registration of Coherence Rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation (RSMR), is proposed. Concerning the classic Mossbauer method our proposal includes the study of condensed matter which does not contain Mossbauer nucleus, using, however, the exceptional resolution of the Mossbauer spectroscopy method. The proposed spectrometer of RSMR registration in small angles, was calibrated with specific technical procedure and can be used for the research of I and II order phase transition, the determination of the effective atomic number and the measurement of density in condensed matter.
Combining Depth, Color and Position Information for Object Instance Recognition on an Indoor Mobile Robot. (Fusion d'informations de profondeur, couleur et position pour la reconnaissance d'instances d'objets sur un robot mobile d'intérieur)

Mobile robots have already entered people's homes to perform simple tasks for them. For robots at home to become real assistants, they have to be able to recognize the objects in their owner's home. In this thesis, object instance recognition algorithms are designed to cope with the variations (viewing angle, lighting conditions, etc.) that occur in the context of mobile robotics experiments. Several ways to take advantage of this context are studied. First, a geometric segmentation algorithm that benefits from the structure of indoor scenes to find isolated objects is designed. Then, a neural network based object recognition process that fuses shape, color and texture information provided by color and depth cameras is presented. This step highlights the importance of carefully combining multiple features and the difficulty to use color information in robotics. Finally, an alternative approach using a nearest neighbor classifier, which is easier to train than the neural network, is detailed. It relies on physical measures available to the robot to eliminate some parameters in clustering and nearest neighbor search procedures. Also, it uses information gathered through multiple sightings of the objects to reduce the negative impact of occlusions. The algorithm can recognize 52 objects with a success rate of 80\% and runs in 500 ms on average (on an Intel Core i5 CPU with 3~GB of RAM) on a mobile robot. This work shows that identifying and taking advantage of the structure and information available is essential to handle the variations that happen in indoor mobile robot experiments.
Pseudospirochetes in Animal Blood Being Cultured for Borrelia Burgdorferi

A major advantage of enzyme assay over classical use of immunofluorescence and other serologic procedures for identification of mycoplasmas is that the technical requirements and reagents for preparation and performance of the serologic tests are obviated. Both enzyme assay systems evaluated in this study were simple to conduct and required only 4 hours of incubation before assessment. Although both enzyme assay systems are potentially more convenient than present mycoplasma identification techniques, the requirement for as much as 60 ml of log phase culture renders them impractical for use in most diagnostic and clinical laboratories. A system designed especially for mycoplasmas might require less inoculum and/or less intense color reactions. This adaptation might be accomplished by miniaturization of the test, elimination of substrates for nonreactive enzymes, addition of appropriate substrates for other enzymes, utilization of more sensitive color reactions, and/or adaptation of color reactions to automated evaluation in a microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. With such modifications, identification of mycoplasmas by enzyme assay could become a useful procedure in diagnostic laboratories. References
Simulation based transistor-SRAM co-design in the presence of statistical variability and reliability

We report on a systematic simulation study of the impact of process and statistical variability and reliability on SRAM cell design in a 14nm technology node SOI FinFET transistors. A comprehensive statistical compact modelling strategy is developed for early delivery of a reliable PDK with built-in statistical variability and reliability information. This enables TCAD-based transistor-SRAM co-design and path finding for emerging technology nodes.
Phoneme Classification Using New Feature Extraction Techniques based on Mellin Transform

This paper presents a new hierarchical phoneme recognition system using the SVM classifier and different feature representations based on mellin transform. The proposed architecture uses different representations with each group of phonemes of the speech database TIMIT which are distributed in a way to reduce the confusions between phonemes having similar articulatory strcuture. The main idea of this new architecture is based on the principle that each group of phonemes has his own characteristics which requires us to choose the adequate representation for the given group. Experiments have proven the robustness of our new hierarchical phoneme recognition system (called MMP) and the use of conventional feature representations based on mellin transform explains its superior recognition performance.
Unsteady force generation and vortex dynamics of pitching and plunging aerofoils

Abstract Experimental studies of the flow topology, leading-edge vortex dynamics and unsteady force produced by pitching and plunging flat-plate aerofoils in forward flight at Reynolds numbers in the range 5000–20 000 are described. We consider the effects of varying frequency and plunge amplitude for the same effective angle-of-attack time history. The effective angle-of-attack history is a sinusoidal oscillation in the range $\ensuremath{-} 6$ to $2{2}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ with mean of ${8}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ and amplitude of $1{4}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ . The reduced frequency is varied in the range 0.314–1.0 and the Strouhal number range is 0.10–0.48. Results show that for constant effective angle of attack, the flow evolution is independent of Strouhal number, and as the reduced frequency is increased the leading-edge vortex (LEV) separates later in phase during the downstroke. The LEV trajectory, circulation and area are reported. It is shown that the effective angle of attack and reduced frequency determine the flow evolution, and the Strouhal number is the main parameter determining the aerodynamic force acting on the aerofoil. At low Strouhal numbers, the lift coefficient is proportional to the effective angle of attack, indicating the validity of the quasi-steady approximation. Large values of force coefficients ( ${\ensuremath{\sim} }6$ ) are measured at high Strouhal number. The measurement results are compared with linear potential flow theory and found to be in reasonable agreement. During the downstroke, when the LEV is present, better agreement is found when the wake effect is ignored for both the lift and drag coefficients.
Impact of Radiofrequency Characteristics on Acute Pulmonary Vein Reconnection and Clinical Outcome After PVAC Ablation

Impact of Radiofrequency Characteristics. Objective: The objective was to study the impact of radiofrequency (RF) characteristics on acute pulmonary vein reconnection (PVR) and outcome after PVAC ablation. PVI with additional ablation of PVR (PVI + PVR) was compared to PVI‐only.
The Soluble Periplasmic Domains of Escherichia coli Cell Division Proteins FtsQ/FtsB/FtsL Form a Trimeric Complex with Submicromolar Affinity*

Background: The FtsQBL complex plays a key role in bacterial cell division. Results: Periplasmic domains of FtsQ, FtsB, and FtsL form a trimeric complex with submicromolar affinity. Interactions are focused at the C termini of the subunits. Conclusion: FtsQ, FtsB, and FtsL form a complex with 1:1:1 stoichiometry. Significance: Insight into FtsQBL complex formation will facilitate drug design. Cell division in Escherichia coli involves a set of essential proteins that assembles at midcell to form the so-called divisome. The divisome regulates the invagination of the inner membrane, cell wall synthesis, and inward growth of the outer membrane. One of the divisome proteins, FtsQ, plays a central but enigmatic role in cell division. This protein associates with FtsB and FtsL, which, like FtsQ, are bitopic inner membrane proteins with a large periplasmic domain (denoted FtsQp, FtsBp, and FtsLp) that is indispensable for the function of each protein. Considering the vital nature and accessible location of the FtsQBL complex, it is an attractive target for protein-protein interaction inhibitors intended to block bacterial cell division. In this study, we expressed FtsQp, FtsBp, and FtsLp individually and in combination. Upon co-expression, FtsQp was co-purified with FtsBp and FtsLp from E. coli extracts as a stable trimeric complex. FtsBp was also shown to interact with FtsQp in the absence of FtsLp albeit with lower affinity. Interactions were mapped at the C terminus of the respective domains by site-specific cross-linking. The binding affinity and 1:1:1 stoichiometry of the FtsQpBpLp complex and the FtsQpBp subcomplex were determined in complementary surface plasmon resonance, analytical ultracentrifugation, and native mass spectrometry experiments.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Terpenes with Anti‐Inflammatory Profile – A Systematic Review

Inflammation is a complex biological response that in spite of having available treatments, their side effects limit their usefulness. Because of this, natural products have been the subject of incessant studies, among which the class of terpenes stands out. They have been the source of study for the development of anti‐inflammatory drugs, once their chemical diversity is well suited to provide skeleton for future anti‐inflammatory drugs. This systematic review reports the studies present in the literature that evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of terpenes suffering any change in their structures, assessing whether these changes also brought changes in their effects. The search terms anti‐inflammatory agents, terpenes, and structure–activity relationship were used to retrieve English language articles in SCOPUS, PUBMED and EMBASE published between January 2002 and August 2013. Twenty‐seven papers were found concerning the structural modification of terpenes with the evaluation of anti‐inflammatory activity. The data reviewed here suggest that modified terpenes are an interesting tool for the development of new anti‐inflammatory drugs.