Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Friction Force between Vane Tip and Cam-Ring in Oil Vane Pumps

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to measure the friction forces between a vane tip and cam-ring in oil vane pumps. The incentive of this work is to study the effect of important parameters on the friction coefficient between a vane tip and cam-ring. Such parameters are relative speed between the vane tip and cam-ring, normal vane force, pressure difference between the two sides of the vane, and coating of the vane tip. A comparison was performed between five different (Physical Vapor Deposition) PVD-coated vane tips and the normal vane without coating. To satisfy such requirements a special test rig was designed and constructed in the lab. The results show that the effect of the vane force and the pressure difference between the two sides of the vane are very small compared to the relative speed. The coating material shows no significant effect on the friction force in vane pumps. Therefore the wear properties of the coating materials should be considered in future studies. For friction measurements in oil vane pumps a simple test rig design with no pressure difference between the two sides of the vane is proposed.
Patterns of Early Life Weight Gain and Female Onset of Puberty

Abstract Context Prepubertal obesity is a well-established predictor of earlier pubertal onset, which is itself a risk factor for poor health and well-being. Identifying specific patterns of weight gain in early life may help explain differential risk for earlier pubertal onset. Objective The objective of the study was to examine patterns of weight gain across infancy and early childhood in relation to pubertal onset outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Participants were 426 girls in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal birth cohort of children and their families followed between birth and adolescence. Main Outcome Measures Three pubertal onset outcomes were examined, including age at menarche and ages at Tanner stage II for dimensions of breast and pubic hair development. Results In infancy (birth to 15 months), greater percent weight gain and higher birthweight predicted earlier pubertal onset for all outcomes (Ps < 0.05). In early childhood (24 months to grade 1), body mass index (BMI) trajectories reflecting BMI values that were persistently high or changed from low to high over time (vs BMI values that were stable at median or low levels), predicted younger ages at menarche and the onset of breast (Ps < 0.05), but not pubic hair (Ps > 0.05), development. All associations were independent of breastfeeding, maternal menarcheal age, and race/ethnicity. Conclusions Distinct patterns of early life weight gain predict differential risk for earlier onset puberty. Focusing on these patterns for earlier and more targeted intervention may help lessen life course linkages between prepubertal obesity, accelerated pubertal development, and negative postpubertal outcomes.
The politics of masculinity in the absence of work

ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to draw attention to subaltern men – to the costs they are paying in a new global economy, and to the costs that society may well pay for misrecognizing those costs. With a specific focus on India, it highlights the creation of the powerful relationship of masculinity to breadwinning, the range of individual and collective responses to the loss of the ability to be a breadwinner, and ends with pointing to the possibility of different political outcomes and possibilities of ethical existence for these men in these uncertain times.
Bodies of Proof: COVID-19 and Unwitnessed Remote Work

ABSTRACT Using a case study of four professionals who suddenly worked from home during COVID-19, this article discusses participants’ experiences of proving work when their bodies were not physically near coworkers (“proof”). I explain proof’s features; participants’ concerns and responses to it; its consequences for workers; and its potential devaluation of nonproductive, unwitnessed processes. I suggest technical and professional communicators are in a kairotic moment for negotiating the value of nonproductive time and unwitnessed work.
Aircraft detection based on probability model of structural elements

Detecting aircrafts is important in the field of remote sensing. In past decades, researchers used various approaches to detect aircrafts based on classifiers for overall aircrafts. However, with the development of high-resolution images, the internal structures of aircrafts should also be taken into consideration now. To address this issue, a novel aircrafts detection method for satellite images based on probabilistic topic model is presented. We model aircrafts as the connected structural elements rather than features. The proposed method contains two major steps: 1) Use Cascade-Adaboost classier to identify the structural elements of aircraft firstly. 2) Connect these structural elements to aircrafts, where the relationships between elements are estimated by hierarchical topic model. The model places strict spatial constraints on structural elements which can identify differences between similar features. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
A diagnostic approach to organizational behavior

Part 1 Introducing organizational behaviour: setting the stage. Part 2 Diagnostic individual behaviour: explaining perception, attribution learning and attitude formation dealing with work force diversity motivating and rewarding individuals. Part 2 Diagnosing group behaviour: building effective work teams and culture analyzing and improving decision making developing better communication evaluating leadership and leading effectively using power and negotiating. Part 3 Diagnosing behaviour at the organizational level: evaluating and selecting organizational structures creating effective organizational designs managing technology and redesigning work. Part 4 Implementing the diagnostic approach for organizational effectiveness: changing organizations through effective action.
Legislative Regulation Financial Statement Preparation by Micro Entities: International Experience

The article analyzes the experience of legislative regulation of financial statement preparation by micro entities in the Commonwealth of Independent States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. The legislative acts of the countries, national accounting standards and financial reporting standards serve as the methodological basis for the analysis. For the purpose of this study the article identifies the criteria for categorizing an organization as a micro entity, analyzes the documents regulating the procedure for the preparation of financial statements, and compares the procedures for financial reports formation by micro entities in different countries. Micro entities are an important component of the country’s economy, affecting the level of employment, gross domestic product and other important indicators of the country’s development. In Russia, micro entities account for 96 percent of the small and medium-sized business sector, whose share in the gross domestic product was about 20.6 % in 2019 according to Federal State Statistics Service estimates and which created about 33 % of jobs. For comparison, in the OECD countries small and medium-sized businesses generate, on average, about 55 % of GDP and about 59.1 % of jobs, whereas in the EU countries the percentage is higher: 57.5 % of GDP, and 65 % of the employed. However, in order to support the development of micro entities, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the implementation of entrepreneurial activities, in particular through simplifying the procedure for the formation and submission of financial statements.
A New Equivalent Circuit Model Parametrization Methodology Based on Current Pulse Tests for Different Battery Technologies

With growing global commitment to renewable energy generation, the role of energy storage systems has become a central issue in traction power applications, such as electric vehicles, trains, and elevators. To achieve the optimal integration of batteries in such applications, without unnecessary oversizing, improvements in the process of battery selection are needed. Specifically, it is necessary to develop models able to predict battery performance for each particular application. In this paper, a methodology for the parametrization of a battery equivalent circuit model (ECM) based on capacity and pulse tests is presented. The model can be extrapolated to different battery technologies, and was validated by comparing simulations and experimental tests with lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Proteoform Retention and Migration Time Prediction in Top-Down Mass Spectrometry

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are two popular proteoform separation methods in mass spectrometry (MS)-based top-down proteomics. The prediction of proteoform retention time in RPLC and migration time in CZE provides additional information that can increase the accuracy of proteoform identification and quantification. Whereas existing methods for retention and migration time prediction are mainly focused on peptides in bottom-up MS, there is still a lack of methods for the problem in top-down MS. We systematically evaluated 6 models for proteoform retention and/or migration time prediction in top-down MS and showed that the Prosit model achieved a high accuracy (R2 > 0.91) for proteoform retention time prediction and that the Prosit model and a fully connected neural network model obtained a high accuracy (R2 > 0.94) for proteoform migration time prediction.
A low-resource reliable pipeline to democratize multi-modal connectome estimation and analysis

Connectomics—the study of brain networks—provides a unique and valuable opportunity to study the brain. However, research in human connectomics, accomplished via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is a resource-intensive practice: typical analysis routines require impactful decision making and significant computational capabilities. Mitigating these issues requires the development of low-resource, easy to use, and flexible pipelines which can be applied across data with variable collection parameters. In response to these challenges, we have developed the MRI to Graphs (m2g) pipeline. m2g leverages functional and diffusion datasets to estimate connectomes reliably. To illustrate, m2g was used to process MRI data from 35 different studies (≈6,000 scans) from 15 sites without any manual intervention or parameter tuning. Every single scan yielded an estimated connectome that followed established properties, such as stronger ipsilateral than contralateral connections in structural connectomes, and stronger homotopic than heterotopic correlations in functional connectomes. Moreover, the connectomes generated by m2g are more similar within individuals than between them, suggesting that m2g preserves biological variability. m2g is portable, and can run on a single CPU with 16 GB of RAM in less than a couple hours, or be deployed on the cloud using its docker container. All code is available on https://neurodata.io/mri/.
Development of a structurally compatible sensor element

The increased use of polymer adhesives and polymer-based composites in primary structural applications has stimulated the need for a minimally invasive, structurally compatible means for assessing the in-situ health of these materials during the service life of the structure or component. While there are several approaches, the present research has implicitly included structural compatibility as a constraint in the design, fabrication, and installation of such embedded 'structural health' monitoring sensors. A non-contact method of extracting information from the embedded sensors has also been developed, and a working prototype has been devised. The issues associated with manufacturing stable, minimally invasive sensors will be presented, together with a series of potential applications including rotary wing systems such as the Comanche and ground vehicles such as the Crusader and the Future Combat Systems. The advantages of the proposed embedded sensor concept include low cost, ease of installation, unitized construction, compatibility with the host polymer matrix, and a wireless means of retrieving data from the embedded sensor element. The need for an embedded power source has also been eliminated, allowing the sensors to assume a low profile and dimensional stability.
Scrub Typhus and its Risk Factors in Asian Countries: A Meta-analysis

Background: Scrub typhus is an infectious disease with potentially fatal consequences. It is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted to humans via the bites of infected larval mites (chiggers). Scrub typhus is one of the most neglected and severe diseases despite its easy treatment. Delay in diagnosis and treatment is not uncommon, resulting in a 10% fatality rate in cases of inappropriate treatment. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of scrub typhus in Southeast Asia and the risk factors contributing to the disease in order to aid the development of effective control and prevention strategies. Methods: In this meta-analysis, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) were used as a guideline. The systematic literature search was performed for the relevant titles, abstracts, and keywords in the journal databases of PubMed, EBSCOhost, Ovid, and Google Scholar in November 2018. The keywords and terms were derived from population, intervention, comparison, outcome analysis, and a total of 720 studies were retrieved accordingly. Only original research, published articles, and articles written in the English language were selected for this purpose. Screening of abstracts had shortlisted 36 studies and data extraction was conducted accordingly. However, only 9 studies were accepted after a review of the full texts. The other 27 articles were excluded due to ecological studies and different outcome measures. Results: Several factors in this meta-analysis were identified to have significant risk of having scrub typhus (P<0.05), including people who are involved in the agriculture sector (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 2.33, 3.77), those having direct contact or being exposed to the vector habitat (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.16), and house yard conditions (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.1, 4.33). Other factors were indoor house conditions (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.67), those having close contact with rodents or domestic animals (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.77), those working in paddy fields or vegetable farms (OR: 5.17, 95% CI: 3.15, 8.47), and bad occupational safety practices (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.62). Conclusions: The identified risk factors from this meta-analysis highlight the importance of public health intervention strategies for the prevention of scrub typhus among high-risk populations.
Charge-redistribution DAC with double bit processing in single capacitor

An 8-bit charge-redistribution DAC with double bit processing in a single capacitor is proposed. The proposed DAC requires only four binary weighted capacitors where each capacitor converts 2-bit digital data into an analogue value in a single conversion step. Therefore, capacitor area can be effectively reduced without affecting the conversion time. The proposed 8-bit DAC is fabricated using CMOS 0.18 m technology with a core area of 0.0934 mm 2 .
Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of drug encapsulated folic acid conjugated graphene oxide - gold nanorods for chemo-photothermal therapeutics of cervical cancer

Abstract One of the deadliest forms of malignancy affecting females worldwide alongside breast cancer is cervical cancer, which urgently calls for novel treatment approaches. Gold nanocarriers are attaining acceptance due to their inert nature, minimal side-effects, low cytotoxicity and easy fabrication. Synthesis of gold nanorods conjugated with graphene and folic acid was carried out, which were finally loaded with bevacizumab for improved therapeutics. The drug loaded folic acid conjugated graphene-gold nanorods were irradiated with non-infrared laser for improved penetration of the drugs into the specifically targeted tissue. The graphene-gold nanorods with/without drugs and irradiation at different power densities (0.25 and 0.5 W/cm2) were studied. Transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential and polydispersity index established the integrity of prepared graphene nanorods carriers. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the graphene-gold nanorods were determined. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was carried out via 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, or MTT assay, with HeLa cells. There was non-significant difference between drug loading and encapsulation with irradiated and non-irradiated graphene-gold nanorods. But with irradiation the blank graphene-gold nanorods had increased cytotoxicity. The graphene-gold nanorods were released in a sustained manner as depicted by in vitro release studies. The drug loaded nanorods were also internalized by HeLa cells and distributed within the cellular compartment. We also tested drug loaded folic acid conjugated graphene-gold rods in vivo in U8GMG tumor bearing mice and results clearly indicated the irradiated ones were most efficient in suppressing tumors.
Modelling and optimisation of electro-discharge diamond face grinding of cemented carbide-cobalt composite

Electro-discharge diamond grinding is a hybrid process of electro-discharge machining (EDM) and diamond grinding which is obtained by replacing the tool electrode of conventional EDM by a metal bonded diamond wheel. When face of the wheel is used for machining then the process is termed as electro-discharge diamond face grinding (EDDFG). In this study, modelling and optimisation of EDDFG of cemented carbide-cobalt composite has been done using a hybrid methodology comprising of Taguchi methodology (TM) and response surface methodology (RSM) with material removal rate (MRR), wheel wear rate (WWR) and average surface roughness (ASR) as the objective functions. The approach first uses the TM for finding the optimum level of input machining parameters such as wheel speed, current, pulse on-time and duty factor. The optimum input parameter values are further used as the central values in the RSM to develop second-order response model for MRR, WWR and ASR after conducting experiments using central composite rotatable design matrix. The simultaneous optimisation of weighted response has been obtained using MINITAB software. The results show considerable improvement in three quality characteristics when the hybrid approach is used, as compared with the results of only a TM approach.
SmartFactory – A Vision becomes Reality

Abstract In 1991, Mark Weiser described the vision of a future world under the name of Ubiquitous Computing. Since then, many details of the described vision have become reality: Our mobile phones are powerful multimedia systems, our cars computer systems on wheels, and our homes are turning into smart living environments. All these advances must be turned into products for very cost-sensitive world markets in shorter cycles than ever before. Today, the resulting requirements for design, setup, and operation of our factories become crucial for success. In the past, we often increased the complexity in structures and control systems, resulting in inflexible monolithic production systems. But the future must become “lean”—not only in organization, but also in planning and technology! We must develop technologies which allow us to speed up planning and setup, to adapt to rapid product changes during operation, and to reduce the planning effort. To meet these challenges we should also make use of the smart technologies of our daily lives. But for industrial use, there are many open questions to be answered. The existing technologies may be acceptable for consumer use but not yet for industrial applications with high safety and security requirements. Therefore, the SmartFactory KL initiative was founded by industrial and academic partners to create and operate a demonstration and research test bed for future factory technologies. Many projects develop, test, and evaluate new solutions. This presentation describes changes and challenges, and it summarizes the experience gained to date in the SmartFactory KL .
A comparative study of control techniques for PWM rectifiers in AC adjustable speed drives

Control techniques for PWM rectifiers in AC adjustable speed drives are presented. In particular, the so-called virtual-flux oriented control (VFOC) and virtual-flux based direct power control (VF-DPC) schemes are described and compared with their voltage based counterparts, that is, the voltage oriented control (VOC) and voltage-based direct power control (V-DPC) techniques. Theoretical background is provided, and results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments are given, documenting advantages and disadvantages of the individual control strategies.
Phylogeography of the desert scorpion Mesobuthus mongolicus illuminates a route out of Central Asia and Junggar Basin as a corridor for faunal exchange between Central and East Asia

A comprehensive understanding of the ecological, evolutionary and genetic consequences of climate changes requires integration of information from different geographic regions and ecosystems. However, a clear knowledge gap exists in arid biota of Asian drylands, where climate change and biological evolution demonstrate high regional specificity. We report here our phylogeographic study on the desert scorpion Mesobuthus mongolicus, attempting to narrow the gap. Range wide samples for one mitochondrial gene and three nuclear loci were subjected to phylogenetic inferences, molecular dating, Bayesian phylogeographic and demographic reconstructions, and population genetic analyses. Ecological niche modeling was employed to generate models of potential distribution range at present and during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Our results revealed that M. mongolicus represents a single coherent lineage that diverged with its most closely related lineage from Central Asia about 1.36 Ma and underwent radiation ever since. Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction suggested the ancestral population of M. mongolicus dispersed gradually eastward through the Junngar Basin to the Gobi region during the late Pleistocene, strengthening the view that the Junggar Basin has constituted an important corridor for faunal exchange between Central Asian and East Asia. We found that the desert scorpion underwent demographic expansion while experiencing range contraction during the LGM. Development of sandy deserts in northwest China incurred by Eurasian aridification might have opened up substantial empty niches that sustained population expansion during the LGM. Our results suggested that organisms’ ecological adaptations have acted as an important determinant for their phylogeographic and demographic responses to past climate changes.