Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Making

Through a project-based critical making in design analysis of two jewelry publications (Lapidary Journal and Metalsmith), the way artistic communities seek to promote creative achievement and a sharing of knowledge is revealed. The observations detailed through this project show how content and design of industry publications reinforce differences in communities and perceived artistic success between academic and mass market production. To discern how print publications of the late twentieth century have either reinforced or attempted to circumvent these interpretations, this study investigates how content and visual imagery are used in these periodicals. The author reviews publications from the year 2000, categorizes each page by content into categories, and identifies key design strategies. The results of the study indicate a high level of artist/maker feature articles in Metalsmith and a high level of advertising and technical information in Lapidary Journal. Decisions are made as to what strategies should prevail when seeking to archive important information at the cross section of these two communities. [This article is a revision of a paper presented at the College Art Association conference session “10th Critical Craft Forum: Craft Scholarship in the Next Ten Years,” held in New York, New York, in February 2019. ]
CATTLE FARMERS’ DECISION-MAKING PROCESS REGARDING HERBICIDE FOR GRAZING IN BRAZIL

This article aims to characterize cattle farmers’ decision-making towards herbicide for grazing in Brazil. The study is based on three fundaments: attributes through the utility function that have an economic approach with emphasis on the country-of-origin attribute; heuristics and biases that have a psychological approach; and values that are predominant in cattle farmers, also with a psychological approach (HOMER; KAHLE, 1988; GUTMAN, 1982). The research adopted a mixed method applying qualitative and quantitative approaches for collecting and analyzing data. In the qualitative phase, three data collection techniques were applied: Products Image Configuration (PICT), Laddering and Conjoint Analysis. The subsequent quantitative stage consisted on online survey with 75 cattle farmers. The results evidenced a cattle farmers’ decision-making model regarding herbicide for grazing in Brazil including: values; heuristics and biases prevalent; attributes that make up the image of the herbicide; set of preferred attributes and their corresponding levels; resulting factors of decision-making; and segments of cattle farmers.
Financial Contagion

Financial contagion is modeled as an equilibrium phenomenon. Because liquidity preference shocks are imperfectly correlated across regions, banks hold interregional claims on other banks to provide insurance against liquidity preference shocks. When there is no aggregate uncertainty, the first‐best allocation of risk sharing can be achieved. However, this arrangement is financially fragile. A small liquidity preference shock in one region can spread by contagion throughout the economy. The possibility of contagion depends strongly on the completeness of the structure of interregional claims. Complete claims structures are shown to be more robust than incomplete structures.
Some plants don’t play games: An ideal free distribution explains the root production of plants that do not engage in a tragedy of the commons game

This is the pre-peer-reviewed version of the following article: G.G. McNickle and J.S. Brown. (2014) An ideal free distribution explains the root production of plants that do not engage in a tragedy of the commons game. Journal of Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12259, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12259/abstract Game theoretic models that seek to predict the most competitive strategy plants use for competition in soil are clear; they generally predict that over-proliferation of roots is the only evolutionarily stable strategy. However, empirical studies are equally clear that not all plants employ this strategy of over-proliferation of roots. Here, our goal was to develop and test an alternative non-game theoretic model that can be used to develop alternative hypotheses for plants that do not appear to play games. The model is similar to previous models, but does not use a game theoretic optimization criterion. Instead, plants use only nutrient availability to select a root allocation strategy, ignoring neighbours. To test the model we compare root allocation and seed yield of plants grown either alone or with neighbours. The model predicted plants that do not sense neighbours (or ignore neighbours) should allocate roots relative to resource availability following an ideal free distribution. This means that if a soil volume of quality R contains x roots, then a soil volume of quality R/n will contain x/n roots. The experimental data were consistent with this prediction. That is, plants grown with 1.2g of slow release fertilizer resources produced 0.043 g of roots, while plants grown with neighbours, or plants grown with half as much fertilizer produced half as much root mass (0.026g, and 0.24g respectively). Seed yield followed a similar pattern. This model presents an alternative predictive framework for those plant species that do not seem to play a tragedy of the commons game for belowground competition. Synthesis: It remains unclear why some plants do not engage in belowground games for competition. Models suggest over-proliferation is an unbeatable evolutionary stable strategy, yet plants that do not play the game apparently coexist with plants that do. We suggest that a greater understanding of trade-offs among traits that are important for other biotic interactions (above-ground competition, enemy defence, mutualisms) will lead to a greater understanding of why some species over-proliferate roots when in competition but other species do not.
Repeated Interviewing

Much survey research is governed by the theory that the interview has a definite influence on the respondent. Because of the bias that this influence might produce, survey researchers are reluctant to reinterview respondents even where there would clearly be advantages, economic or otherwise. However, in a large-scale project recently conducted by our organization in which respondents were interviewed from two to as many as five times,' we found reinterviewing frequently rewarding. We present here the theoretical point at issue, an outline of the survey design, and some notes about its advantages. A significant contrast to the interviewing approach of survey research is offered by that of "dynamic" psychology. Researchers in that field assume that the respondent is a relatively stable and complex object, difficult to influence and understand. Their interviewing procedures include repeated and intensive contacts with the respondent: frank discussion of intimate, personal experience, sometimes stimulated by drugs or hypnosis or by situations which are supposed to be threatening or disturbing. The survey interview is hit and run; its strategy is to build a superficial relationship with therespondent, gain the needed information rapidly, and leave, never to return. The interview based on dynamic psychology is like a prolonged siege: its strategy permits and encourages the building of a relationship between the interviewer and the respondent to the point where the relationship itself becomes the focus of inquirv. Devices have been developed-projective tests-for drawing, in the colors of dynamic psychology, a quick portrait of some of the salient features of the respondent. (Largely as a consequence of the development of these tests, dynamic psychology has come to exercise a strong influence on survey research. Projective tests, of which there are now a great many, fit easily into the hit-and-run strategy of the survey interview.) As recent discussion has helped to make clear, projective tests can supplement but not replace the stubborn basis of social research, the personal interview.2 Projective tests incorporate some of the findings of dynamic psychology, but there is always a risk in separating these findings from their empirical basis, namely, case studies developed by intensive interviewing and observation of single persons. Recently, our organization was commissioned to find the answer to a general question: "What do people get out of reading the Sunday comics? " The initial exploratory research showed that the comics were not a matter about which adults could express themselves easily and explicitly; they were not thought of as a topic of great importance, nor did they provoke self-conscious reflection. In dealing with the problem, Bogart had experimented with projective techniques and found them to be of little assistance.3 But we took this as an appropriate occasion to continue our experimental work with multiple, projective interviews
Walking simulation model of lower limb exoskeleton robot design

1 Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia Phone: +6062704063; Fax: +6062701052 2 Centre for Robotics & Industrial Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Estimating and Interpreting Body-size Growth in Some Anolis Lizards

This paper derives several models to describe growth in body size and applies those models to data from Bahamian Anolis lizards. Nonlinear regression equations that give size at the end of a time interval as a function of size at the beginning of that interval and its duration show that a logistic-by-weight model fits data far better than the Von Bertalanffy Model or a logistic-by-length model. Application of this model to 25 data sets comprising 4 species from 7 sites on Bimini and Abaco shows:
Clavariadelphus pakistanicus sp. nov., a new club fungus (Basidiomycota: Gomphales) from Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan

A new club fungus, Clavariadelphus pakistanicus sp. nov. included within genus Clavariadelphus Donk and section Clavariadelphus, is described from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan. Clavariadelphus pakistanicus is characterized by its solitary growth habit, clavate to subcylindrical gray-orange to orange-white longitudinally rugose to rugulose basidio- carps with broadly ellipsoid smooth basidiospores measuring 7.5-9.2 m × 4.0-5.6 m, and a dense white rhizomorphic mat. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA cluster C. pakistanicus, Clavariadelphus sachalinensis (S. Imai) Corner, and Clavariadelphus truncatus (Quel.) Donk as sister clades.
Liquid Fermentation with Ventilation of Cordyceps militaris and Its Components Analysis

The target of this study was to establish and optimize high effective liquid fermentation technology of Cordyceps militaris.Cordyceps militaris strain cultured by liquid medium with ventilation,and analysis the active components of Cordyceps militaris cultured from different mediums.The results demonstrated that the optimum fermentation conditions were pH 7.0,20 ℃ and 96 h.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report described that the dried pupa could be one of medium to culture the Cordyceps militaris properly.The nutritional components of Cordyceps militaris cultured by different medium(rice,fresh pupa and dried pupa) have been analysed and shown that the highest cordycepin content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity can be achieved at the dried pupa,the adenosine level in fresh pupa was the highest,and the highest polysaccharide content was found in rice.The content of D-mannitol in mycelium was higher than that of other mediums.4 Cordyceps samples were rich in minerals.The content of heavy metal elements,cadmium,lead and arsenic were low,but no mercury was detected.
DIMENSIONAL COMPARISON OF A COLD SPRAY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SIMULATION TOOL

High-velocity particle spray greatly increases metal additive manufacturing deposition speed over other commercial methods. Accurate prediction and measurement of this process will improve process control. A LightSPEE3D machine fabricated symmetric copper components. On-board software predicts the build geometry (.stl) given the input geometry and the build settings. Assessment of prediction accuracy is needed to enable rapid part design and print setting optimization. White-light 3D-scanning and high-fidelity optical microscopy scans are compared to the simulation and intended 20mm cubes using hausdorf distance: 1. Control-repeated scans: 0.38±0.48mm, max:2.25mm 2. Intended-original vs. scans: 1.42±1.58mm, max:6.72mm 3. Software-predicted vs. scans: 0.44±0.66mm, max:3.97mm Discrepancies up to 6.72mm and asymmetric fabrication artifacts were identified. The reduction in the hausdorf distance for simulation vs intended-original, and larger distance of the simulation compared to control, indicate the simulation tool may enable rapid optimization given over/under spray quantification. Recommendations for reducing asymmetric fabrication artifacts and over/underspray are provided.
Factors Affecting Mastitis Incidence and Its Economic Losses Under Egyptian Conditions

This study was carried-out to throw the light on the main factors affecting the dairy farms economic and productive efficiency and how the improvement of such factors increases the farms efficiency under Egyptian conditions. Data of clinically mastitic 78 Holstein dairy cows in 3 private dairy farms in Dakahlia province in north delta of Egypt used in this study. Reproductive, productive and economic data were obtained from accurate records. Cows under study were classified according to production into high and low producing, according to parity into first lactation (primiparous) and second or higher lactation (multiparous) and season of calving is classified to winter, summer, spring and autumn by 3-months interval. The study revealed that, the clinical mastitis incidence as well as the dairy farms productive, reproductive and economic efficiency significantly affected by cow production, parity and season of production. Also, concluded that, mastitis reduces the dairy farms productive and economic efficiency due to the reduction of milk yield, milk returns and increasing of treatment costs.
Evaluation of Ulva ohnoi as functional dietary ingredient in juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)_ Effects on the structure and functionality of the intestinal mucosa

This study evaluates the effects of the macroalgae Ulva ohnoi on growth and intestinal functionality and integrity of Solea senegalensis juveniles in a 90-day feeding trial. Ulva diet (U-5) included 5% dry U. ohnoi biomass, whereas an algae-free diet was used as control. After being fed for 45 and 90 days, fish body weight was recorded for growth evaluation, and biological samples were taken. The inclusion of U. ohnoi (5%) significantly affected growth performance of sole juveniles, given that after being fed for 45 and 90 days fish showed lower body weight, specific growth and weight gain rates than fish fed with the control diet. Compared to fish fed with control diet, protease activities measured in the pancreatic secretion was also reduced when Ulvawas included in the diet, but these fish also showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity in their intestinal mucosa. Quantitative PCR revealed changes in the relative expression of a set of genes coding for enzymes involved in lipid absorption and metabolism, several digestive enzymes, as well as for some stress response indicators. Electron microscopy revealed a lack of damage in the intestinal mucosa, as well as significantly increased mucosal absorptive surface in those fish fed with Ulva-supplemented diet for 45 days, compared to control fish. The results suggest that U. ohnoi at low inclusion level could protect the intestinal epithelium of fish, but a relatively short administration period is recommended with the aim of avoiding negative effects on Senegalese sole growth and proteolytic digestive enzyme activities.
METHODICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS OF TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

In the chapter the basic European and international standards of the assessment of a national tourism product are considered. The key components of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index are analysed with a view to identifying specific factors which determine the competitive advantages of the country in the tourism market. In accordance with the World Economic Forum methodology, the assessment of the quantitative and qualitative indicators forming the competitiveness of the national tourism product of the Republic of Belarus is carried out. On the basis of the calculated subindices, SWOT-Clock analysis, and Competitive Advantages Profile the tourism competitiveness of the Republic of Belarus is estimated. The principal competitive advantages of the national tourism product are revealed with a view to improving the national tourism policy. A special algorithm for the elaboration of the tourism destination development strategy for any destination is compiled on the basis of the research.
Factors affecting frog density in the Solomon Islands

This paper identifies some important factors affecting the density of frogs in the Solomon Islands. Distance sampling was used to estimate frog density in all major frog habitats across 13 islands. A total of 109 transects, covering five forest types (coastal, freshwater marshes, lowland forest, hill or ridge, and montane forest) were used, with 16 species being sampled. Estimated densities ranged from 2 ha–1 to 675 ha–1. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the most parsimonious model of frog density. Factors identified in the selected model to predict density of Batrachylodes elegans, Batrachylodes vertebralis, Ceratobatrachus guentheri, Discodeles bufoniformis, Discodeles guppyi, Discodeles malukuna, Litoria thesaurensis, Palmatorappia solomonis, Platymantis guppyi, Platymantis neckeri, Platymantis solomonis, Platymantis sp. , Platymantis weberi, and Rana kreffti were island, landform, and forest type. Additional factors such as disturbance, leaf litter, shrub, and understorey were also described by the regression model as predictors of density for B. vertebralis, C. guentheri, D. guppyi, D. malukuna, Pal. solomonis, P. guppyi, and R. kreffti. These findings have important management implications for the conservation of frogs in the Solomon Islands. High densities of most species were strongly related with forest type and low disturbance. Preservation of rainforest, in especially high conservation value old-growth forests, is imperative to protecting these species.
Multiscale deep desmoking for laparoscopic surgery

In minimally invasive surgery, smoke generated by such as electrocautery and laser ablation deteriorates image quality severely. This creates discomfortable view for the surgeon which may increase surgical risk and degrade the performance of computer assisted surgery algorithms such as segmentation, reconstruction, tracking, etc. Therefore, real-time smoke removal is required to keep a clear ﬁeld of view. In this paper, we propose a real-time smoke removal approach based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). An encoder-decoder architecture with Laplacian image pyramid decomposition input strategy is proposed. This is an end-to-end network which takes the smoke image and its Laplacian image pyramid decomposition as inputs, and outputs a smoke free image directly without relying on any physical models or estimation of intermediate parameters. This design can be further embedded to deep learning based follow-up image guided surgery processes such as segmentation and tracking tasks easily. A dataset with synthetic smoke images generated from Blender and Adobe Photoshop is employed for training the network. The result is evaluated quantitatively on synthetic images and qualitatively on a laparoscopic dataset degraded with real smoke. Our proposed method can eliminate smoke eﬀectively while preserving the original colors and reaches 26 fps for a video of size 512 × 512 on our training machine. The obtained results not only demonstrate the eﬃciency and eﬀectiveness of the proposed CNN structure, but also prove the potency of training the network on synthetic dataset.
Molecular diagnosis and biochemical studies of tick-borne diseases (anaplasmosis and babesiosis) in Aberdeen Angus Cattle in New Valley, Egypt

Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis and babesiosis are tick-borne diseases that threaten livestock production with subsequent considerable economic losses. This study was conducted to diagnose Anaplasma and Babesia infection using molecular techniques in imported Aberdeen Angus cattle imported from Uruguay to El-Kharga Oasis in New Valley, Egypt, and to investigate the effects of disease on some serum biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 31 cattle, 21 diseased and ten apparently normal, of varying ages and sex. The blood was used for the preparation of blood smears, polymerase chain reaction assay, and separation of serum for biochemical investigation. The experimental production farm at the Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, was infested with ticks and variable clinical manifestations during the period from December 2017 to March 2018. One calf died of a suspected blood parasite infection. Results: The blood film examination revealed infection by blood parasites in 21 samples. Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bovis were identified in 12 and 14 samples, respectively. A total of 14 samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make these identifications. Biochemical parameters showed significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin (T. Bil), and urea in blood from parasite-infected female cattle and male calves compared with controls. Increased serum total protein, globulin, and creatinine were recorded only in infected female cattle. The blood glucose level was significantly decreased in infected female cattle and male calves compared with controls. Furthermore, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio was significantly reduced in the infected female cattle. Oxidative stress profiles of infected animals showed a significant increase in serum nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, and both total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in comparison with control animals. Conclusion: The incidence of A. marginale and B. bovis infection is high in imported Aberdeen Angus cattle in New Valley Province. PCR methods provide a short-term assessment of disease. An extensive epidemiological survey, employing serology together with molecular genetic methods, monitoring of abundance and distribution of tick vectors, availability of vaccination programs, and tracking of animal transport is also needed for control of blood parasites.
Clothing Disposal System by Gifting: Characteristics, Processes, and Interactions

The study of clothing disposal systems, involving the flow of clothing from one household to another, is of great interest because of the positive social and environmental consequences. Based on 35 in-depth interviews with adult men and women in Ecuador, a Latin American country, the authors sought to expand knowledge regarding one of these systems: clothing disposal by gifting to family, friends, and acquaintances. The respondents’ narratives indicated that the clothing disposal system by gifting is noncentric; based on social exchange, it strengthens the links between givers and recipients while allowing for clothes to circulate for a longer time. The data also indicated an intersection between age and gender, offering insight into how the process of clothing disposal by gifting develops within households. In some disposal events reported by participants, the clothing disposal system by gifting demonstrated autonomy, but in other events, it interacted with the clothing marketing system.