Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OpenSAFELY NHS Service Restoration Observatory 2: changes in primary care clinical activity in England during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare activity across a broad range of clinical services. The NHS stopped non-urgent work in March 2020, later recommending services be restored to near-normal levels before winter where possible. Aim To describe changes in the volume and variation of coded clinical activity in general practice across six clinical areas: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, mental health, female and reproductive health, screening and related procedures, and processes related to medication. Design and setting With the approval of NHS England, a cohort study was conducted of 23.8 million patient records in general practice, in situ using OpenSAFELY. Method Common primary care activities were analysed using Clinical Terms Version 3 codes and keyword searches from January 2019 to December 2020, presenting median and deciles of code usage across practices per month. Results Substantial and widespread changes in clinical activity in primary care were identified since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with generally good recovery by December 2020. A few exceptions showed poor recovery and warrant further investigation, such as mental health (for example, for ‘Depression interim review’ the median occurrences across practices in December 2020 was down by 41.6% compared with December 2019). Conclusion Granular NHS general practice data at population-scale can be used to monitor disruptions to healthcare services and guide the development of mitigation strategies. The authors are now developing real-time monitoring dashboards for the key measures identified in this study, as well as further studies using primary care data to monitor and mitigate the indirect health impacts of COVID-19 on the NHS.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tenacibaculum ovolyticum To-7Br, Recovered from a Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

We present the draft genome sequence of Tenacibaculum ovolyticum isolate To-7Br, recovered from a gill of a farmed specimen of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) showing signs of tenacibaculosis. This study provides the first detailed insights into the genomic characteristics of T. ovolyticum isolated for the first time from fish farmed in Chile. ABSTRACT We present the draft genome sequence of Tenacibaculum ovolyticum isolate To-7Br, recovered from a gill of a farmed specimen of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) showing signs of tenacibaculosis. This study provides the first detailed insights into the genomic characteristics of T. ovolyticum isolated for the first time from fish farmed in Chile.
In vivo molecular and single cell imaging

Molecular imaging is used to improve the disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of treatment in living subjects. Numerous molecular targets have been developed for various cellular and molecular processes in genetic, metabolic, proteomic, and cellular biologic level. Molecular imaging modalities such as Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Computed Tomography (CT) can be used to visualize anatomic, genetic, biochemical, and physiologic changes in vivo. For in vivo cell imaging, certain cells such as cancer cells, immune cells, stem cells could be labeled by direct and indirect labeling methods to monitor cell migration, cell activity, and cell effects in cell-based therapy. In case of cancer, it could be used to investigate biological processes such as cancer metastasis and to analyze the drug treatment process. In addition, transplanted stem cells and immune cells in cell-based therapy could be visualized and tracked to confirm the fate, activity, and function of cells. In conventional molecular imaging, cells can be monitored in vivo in bulk non-invasively with optical imaging, MRI, PET, and SPECT imaging. However, single cell imaging in vivo has been a great challenge due to an extremely high sensitive detection of single cell. Recently, there has been great attention for in vivo single cell imaging due to the development of single cell study. In vivo single imaging could analyze the survival or death, movement direction, and characteristics of a single cell in live subjects. In this article, we reviewed basic principle of in vivo molecular imaging and introduced recent studies for in vivo single cell imaging based on the concept of in vivo molecular imaging.
Interrupted transit and common mental disorders among migrants in Tijuana, Mexico

Background: Policies of migration contention can interrupt the transit of people on the move, forcing them to remain in wait in non-destination countries. This liminal condition might impact negatively on migrants’ mental health. Aims: To assess the relationship between interrupted transit and common mental disorders (CMD; symptoms of depression or anxiety), among migrants in shelters in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted in November to December 2020 and February to April 2021. We assessed depressive symptoms with the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D-7), and symptoms of anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). We evaluated the association of being in interrupted transit (sent back from the United States to Mexico), as compared to having not crossed to the United States yet or planning to stay in Mexico, with having a CMD (either depressive or anxiety symptoms), as well as the association of other migration-related variables with CMD. Results: Being in interrupted transit (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.12, 2.71]), and having experienced violence during transit (OR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.63, 3.82]) were associated with CMD. Conclusions: Interrupted transit is a potential risk factor for mental health problems among migrants. Migration and public health policies should consider the mental health consequences of interrupted transit, and promote initiatives to address the mental health needs of migrants on the move.
Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Escitalopram, Pramipexole, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Depression in Patients With Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of different antidepressant therapies on depression in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 328 patients with idiopathic PD were selected consecutively. Subjects met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disease, Fourth Edition, criteria for a depressive disorder, or operationally defined subsyndromal depression, and scored greater than 17 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). One hundred thirty-one patients with PD accompanied with depression were enrolled into the experimental group. The subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups, and 118 were eventually completed: routine treatment group (n = 29), routine treatment + escitalopram group (n = 29), routine treatment + pramipexole group (n = 31), and routine treatment + transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) group (n = 29). After 4 weeks of treatments, the efficacy of each treatment was evaluated using HAMD score and reduction rate. Results After 4 weeks of treatment, the HAMD score was used for pair-to-pair comparison between the 4 groups. The therapeutic efficiency of escitalopram, pramipexole, and repetitive TMS was superior to routine anti-PD treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between escitalopram and pramipexole, but all of them were superior to rTMS. Further logistic regression analysis suggested that 50% reduction in HAMD score from baseline was associated with the treatment method. Among them, escitalopram had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions Escitalopram, pramipexole, and high-frequency TMS had better efficacy in patients with PD complicated with depression. At 4 weeks, escitalopram showed better antidepressant effects and improved patients' quality of life and did not worsen motor function.
The autonomic nervous system and the heart

The mechanisms by which the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic neurones in the heart is regulated are not well understood. A reliable and sensitive assay for acetylcholine is lacking. Most studies of cardiac parasympathetic neurotransmission have used indirect methods such as changes in heart rate and contractility. A novel high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (electrochemical detection) was adopted to assay acetylcholine overflow from the in situ, perfused, innervated rat heart. Sample concentrations of 20 nM and above could be accurately measured (inter-assay coefficient of variation, 6 %). Bilateral vagal nerve stimulations (15 Hz, 60 s, 0.8 mA) in the presence of neostigmine, produced the expected negative inotropic and chronotropic effects which were reversibly abolished by 1 jiM atropine. Acetylcholine was not detected in coronary effluent. Neostigmine, 50 jiM, inhibited over 91 % of the in vitro myocardial acetylcholinesterase activity. Infused acetylcholine, 200 nM, was quantitatively recovered. These results suggested that the concentration of acetylcholine released from the parasympathetic neuroeffector junction was below the detection limit for the assay. Increasing the frequency and voltage of the vagal nerve stimulation to cause asystole did not produce a detectable amount of acetylcholine. Neither did the presence of atropine, which has been reported to quadruple the acetylcholine overflow from the perfused chicken heart. Bioassay of acetylcholine, using the leech dorsal muscle preparation, was twice as sensitive as the HPLC method, but still failed to detect acetylcholine. An HPLC method was also set up for the measurement of noradrenaline in coronary effluent samples from perfused, innervated rat hearts. The sensitivity was 0.5 nM noradrenaline (inter-assay coefficient of variation, 4.9 %). Four repeated left stellate ganglion stimulations (5 Hz, 60s, 0.8mA), S1-S4, separated by a 15 min recovery period, demonstrated a progressive decline in noradrenaline overflow. The influence of duration of ganglion stimulation (30 or 60s) and coronary flow rate (5 or 10mlg"1 min"1) on the noradrenaline overflow and functional response to four consecutive sympathetic ganglion stimulations, was examined. Baseline (pre-stimulation) mechanical performance of the preparation was stable. Lactate production was low and did not vary significantly between the groups. Stimulation induced changes in heart rate and left ventricular pressure were stable throughout the four stimulations (coronary flow rate 5 ml g"1 min'1). Noradrenaline overflow and contractility, however, showed a progressive decline from SI to S4 (p< 0.05). Reducing the stimulus duration from 60 to 30 s delayed the onset of the decline in noradrenaline
Draft Genome Sequence of a Mycobacterium Strain Isolated from a Clinical Wound Sample

We report the draft genome sequence of an unusual Mycobacterium isolate recovered from a patient’s arm tissue. The 4,025,753-bp draft genome exhibits a GC content of 71.02%, and a 16S rRNA gene analysis found that the closest relative was Mycobacterium grossiae. ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequence of an unusual Mycobacterium isolate recovered from a patient’s arm tissue. The 4,025,753-bp draft genome exhibits a GC content of 71.02%, and a 16S rRNA gene analysis found that the closest relative was Mycobacterium grossiae.
Membrane particles evoke a serotype-independent cross-protection against pneumococcal infection that is dependent on the conserved lipoproteins MalX and PrsA

Significance Pneumococcal infections are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs) into the childhood vaccination program has led to a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in vaccinated children but concurrently to an increase of nonvaccine-type IPD, also in nonvaccinated age groups such as the elderly. Thus, novel vaccine approaches are urgently needed, especially for the elderly, targeting all pneumococci causing IPD. Here, we show that pneumococcal membrane particles (MPs) evoke a serotype-independent cross-protection against IPD. This protection is dependent on the presence of the two conserved lipoproteins MalX and PrsA. We suggest that MPs can be used for pneumococcal vaccine development.
Machine Learning in Health Promotion and Behavioral Change: Scoping Review

Background Despite health behavioral change interventions targeting modifiable lifestyle factors underlying chronic diseases, dropouts and nonadherence of individuals have remained high. The rapid development of machine learning (ML) in recent years, alongside its ability to provide readily available personalized experience for users, holds much potential for success in health promotion and behavioral change interventions. Objective The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research on ML applications and harness their potential in health promotion and behavioral change interventions. Methods A scoping review was conducted based on the 5-stage framework by Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. A total of 9 databases (the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid, ProQuest, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to February 2021, without limits on the dates and types of publications. Studies were included in the review if they had incorporated ML in any health promotion or behavioral change interventions, had studied at least one group of participants, and had been published in English. Publication-related information (author, year, aim, and findings), area of health promotion, user data analyzed, type of ML used, challenges encountered, and future research were extracted from each study. Results A total of 29 articles were included in this review. Three themes were generated, which are as follows: (1) enablers, which is the adoption of information technology for optimizing systemic operation; (2) challenges, which comprises the various hurdles and limitations presented in the articles; and (3) future directions, which explores prospective strategies in health promotion through ML. Conclusions The challenges pertained to not only the time- and resource-consuming nature of ML-based applications, but also the burden on users for data input and the degree of personalization. Future works may consider designs that correspondingly mitigate these challenges in areas that receive limited attention, such as smoking and mental health.
Clinical standards for the dosing and management of TB drugs

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Optimal drug dosing is important to ensure adequate response to treatment, prevent development of drug resistance and reduce drug toxicity. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on ‘best practice’ for dosing and management of TB drugs. METHODS: A panel of 57 global experts in the fields of microbiology, pharmacology and TB care were identified; 51 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score draft standards. The final document represents the broad consensus and was approved by all participants. RESULTS: Six clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, defining the most appropriate initial dose for TB treatment; Standard 2, identifying patients who may be at risk of sub-optimal drug exposure; Standard 3, identifying patients at risk of developing drug-related toxicity and how best to manage this risk; Standard 4, identifying patients who can benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM); Standard 5, highlighting education and counselling that should be provided to people initiating TB treatment; and Standard 6, providing essential education for healthcare professionals. In addition, consensus research priorities were identified. CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based Clinical Standards for the dosing and management of TB drugs to guide clinicians and programme managers in planning and implementation of locally appropriate measures for optimal person-centred treatment to improve patient care.
STRUKTUR ORGANISASI, PENGENDALIAN INTERN TERHADAP KUALITAS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN

: System of information accounting management brings about informationaccounting management. Organizational structure and internal control can improve thequality of information accounting management system. The purposes of this research are: twomeasure how big the influence of the organizational structure on the quality of informationaccounting management systems, two measure how big the influence of the internal controlon the quality of information accounting management systems. The method used the casestudy, descriftive and verificative analysis at rent. The data analysis is conducted throughpartial least square path modeling. The result indicate that the organizational structure caninfluence on the quality of information accounting management systems, internal control caninfluence on the quality of information accounting management systems.
Modelling autosomal dominant optic atrophy associated with OPA1 variants in iPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells

Abstract Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most common inherited optic neuropathy, characterized by the preferential loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in optic nerve degeneration and progressive bilateral central vision loss. More than 60% of genetically confirmed patients with DOA carry variants in the nuclear OPA1 gene, which encodes for a ubiquitously expressed, mitochondrial GTPase protein. OPA1 has diverse functions within the mitochondrial network, facilitating inner membrane fusion and cristae modelling, regulating mitochondrial DNA maintenance and coordinating mitochondrial bioenergetics. There are currently no licensed disease-modifying therapies for DOA and the disease mechanisms driving RGC degeneration are poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation of isogenic, heterozygous OPA1 null induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) (OPA1+/−) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing of a control cell line, in conjunction with the generation of DOA patient-derived iPSC carrying OPA1 variants, namely, the c. 2708_2711delTTAG variant (DOA iPSC), and previously reported missense variant iPSC line (c.1334G>A, DOA plus [DOA]+ iPSC) and CRISPR/Cas9 corrected controls. A two-dimensional (2D) differentiation protocol was used to study the effect of OPA1 variants on iPSC-RGC differentiation and mitochondrial function. OPA1+/−, DOA and DOA+ iPSC showed no differentiation deficit compared to control iPSC lines, exhibiting comparable expression of all relevant markers at each stage of differentiation. OPA1+/− and OPA1 variant iPSC-RGCs exhibited impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, with reduced bioenergetic output and compromised mitochondrial DNA maintenance. These data highlight mitochondrial deficits associated with OPA1 dysfunction in human iPSC-RGCs, and establish a platform to study disease mechanisms that contribute to RGC loss in DOA, as well as potential therapeutic interventions.
Leading through a pandemic.

sion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? > AH Australian Health Review Aust. Health Rev. 0156-5788 1449-8944 CSIRO Publishing 36 Gardiner Road Clayton 3168 Melbourne Victoria Australia AH22124 10.1071/AH22124 Policy Reflections Leading through a pandemic S. Matthews Matthews Sue Doctor of Public Health, Chief Executive A * Administration, The Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300, Cnr Grattan Street and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia. * Correspondence to: Sue Matthews Administration, The Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300, Cnr Grattan Street and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia Email: sue.matthews@thewomens.org. au 2 June 2022 46 3 255 255 17 May 2022 Received 17 May 2022 17 May 2022 Accepted 17 May 2022 Published © 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of AHHA. 2022 The Authors Leading in a crisis has been studied and written about in the past. But, leading in a crisis the scale and length of the pandemic has very few publications. Implications for leaders are to lead with confidence and transparency.
A mitochondrial unfolded protein response inhibitor suppresses prostate cancer growth in mice via HSP60

Mitochondrial proteostasis, regulated by the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), is crucial for maintenance of cellular functions and survival. Elevated oxidative and proteotoxic stress in mitochondria must be attenuated by the activation of a ubiquitous UPRmt to promote prostate cancer (PCa) growth. Here we show that the 2 key components of the UPRmt, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60, a mitochondrial chaperonin) and caseinolytic protease P (ClpP, a mitochondrial protease), were required for the development of advanced PCa. HSP60 regulated ClpP expression via c-Myc and physically interacted with ClpP to restore mitochondrial functions that promote cancer cell survival. HSP60 maintained the ATP-producing functions of mitochondria, which activated the β-catenin pathway and led to the upregulation of c-Myc. We identified a UPRmt inhibitor that blocked HSP60’s interaction with ClpP and abrogated survival signaling without altering HSP60’s chaperonin function. Disruption of HSP60-ClpP interaction with the UPRmt inhibitor triggered metabolic stress and impeded PCa-promoting signaling. Treatment with the UPRmt inhibitor or genetic ablation of Hsp60 inhibited PCa growth and progression. Together, our findings demonstrate that the HSP60-ClpP–mediated UPRmt is essential for prostate tumorigenesis and the HSP60-ClpP interaction represents a therapeutic vulnerability in PCa.
An Intervention to Connect Patients With Psychosis and Volunteers via Smartphone (the Phone Pal): Development Study

Background Intervention development is a critical stage. However, evidence indicates that the substandard reporting of intervention details is widespread. Objective This study aimed to provide an overview of the guiding frameworks, methodology, and stages for the design and construction of a new complex intervention—the Phone Pal. Methods The intervention development process followed the Medical Research Council framework for developing complex interventions as well as the person-based approach. The intervention was developed following the evidence synthesis of a literature review, a focus group study, and a survey after consultation and input from advisory groups with a range of stakeholders, including patients, volunteers, clinicians, and academics. Results The developed logic model outlines the contextual factors, intervention, mechanisms of change, and short- and long-term outcomes. The operationalized intervention required matching 1 patient with 1 volunteer to communicate with each other through a smartphone via SMS text messages, WhatsApp messages or email, and audio or video calls. Each participant was encouraged to communicate with their match at least once per week for a 12-week period using informal conversation. Conclusions The systematic process and theoretically sound strategy through which this intervention was developed can provide insights to future researchers on the reality of developing and preparing the operationalization of a digital intervention using multiple components.