Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Maltreated Children Grown Up: The Influence of Neighborhood.

In this study, we examined the effects of childhood neighborhood characteristics on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of abused and neglected individuals and matched controls followed into adulthood (N = 1,132). Using generalized linear models (GLM), the results indicated that growing up in more advantaged neighborhoods (middle- and upper-class) was associated with the development of fewer PTSD symptoms, R2 = . 09, p < . 001. In contrast, growing up in more economically disadvantaged areas was associated with more PTSD symptoms, but only for nonmaltreated controls, R2 = . 09, p < . 001. We did not find that neighborhood characteristics were associated with PTSD in terms of the number of traumatic events reported, R2 = . 60, p < . 001, or being the victim of more than one type of maltreatment, pseudo R2 = . 11, p < . 001. The results generally supported the premise that characteristics of one's residential environment in childhood, especially factors reflecting social and economic advantage and disadvantage, have an influence on mental health functioning later in life. Future research should examine the mechanisms that might explain the impact of childhood neighborhood on PTSD outcomes and the aggravating effects of pretrauma vulnerabilities associated with neighborhood disadvantage.
Characteristics of Cd accumulation and distribution in two sweet potato cultivars

Abstract In this study, we compared the chemical forms and subcellular distribution of Cd in high-Cd (X16) and low-Cd (N88) sweet potato cultivars through hydroponic experiments and examined the Cd distribution in their roots by histochemical staining. The results showed that inorganic and pectate/protein-integrated Cd predominated in the leaves, and Cd concentrations were significantly higher in X16 than in N88. However, in the roots, Cd was mostly integrated with pectate and protein, and Cd concentration was higher in N88 than in X16. It was mainly stored through vacuolar sequestration and cell wall binding. In the leaves and stems, Cd concentrations in all subcellular fractions were higher in X16 than in N88; the opposite was observed in the roots. In X16, Cd was mostly accumulated in the root stele, and its Cd translocation factor was higher than that of N88. Overall, the subcellular fractions of X16 roots retained less Cd than N88 roots, and more Cd entered the root stele of X16 and subsequently moved to the shoots. The higher amounts of inorganic, water-soluble, and pectate/protein-integrated Cd with high mobility in the shoots of X16 than in N88 might facilitate Cd remobilization to other tissues, but this needs to be further studied.
Semantic and affective manifestations of ambi (valence)

ABSTRACT People sometimes report both pleasant and unpleasant feelings when presented with affective stimuli. However, what is reported as “mixed emotions” might reflect semantic knowledge about the stimulus (Russell, J. A. (2017). Mixed emotions viewed from the psychological constructionist perspective. Emotion Review, 9(2), 111–117). The following research examines to what degree self-reported mixed emotions represent actual feelings compared to knowledge about the stimulus. In a series of three experiments, participants reported either their feelings or their knowledge in response to affective stimuli. In Experiment 1, we sampled the entire IAPS pictorial space and examined the proportion of mixed emotion ratings using feelings-focused and knowledge-focused self-reports. We found a higher degree of mixed emotions under knowledge-focused than feelings-focused self-reports. In Experiment 2, we used a priori selected pictures to elicit mixed emotions. The proportion of mixed emotions was again higher under knowledge-focused instructions. In Experiment 3, we used movie clips that were previously used to elicit mixed emotions. In contrast to Experiments 1 and 2, there was no difference between feelings-focused and knowledge-focused self-reports. The results suggest a strong semantic component and a weak experiential component of self-reports in the case of pictorial stimuli. However, ambivalent movie clips elicited a stronger experiential component, thus supporting the existence of mixed emotions at the level of feelings.
Obtaining Scalable Performance from Molecular Dynamics Codes on HPC Machines

A large amount of computational time allocated on high performance computers is used for molecular dynamics simulations, and there is increasing demand for scalable codes particularly in the eld of large molecule simulations in disciplines such as biochemistry. This paper investigates the performance of the latest generation of molecular dynamics codes on high performance machines and discusses design strategies which have led to increased scalability. Examples are given which demonstrate the ability of these codes to solve problems which scale in size with the number of processors available, as well as their scalability in terms of decreasing execution time.
125Iodide as a surrogate tracer for epithelial chloride transport by the mouse large intestine in vitro

What is the central question of this study? The tracer 36Cl−, currently used to measure transepithelial Cl− fluxes, has become prohibitively expensive, threatening its future use. 125Iodide, previously validated alongside 36Cl− as a tracer of Cl− efflux by cells, has not been tested as a surrogate for 36Cl− across epithelia. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that 125I− can serve as an inexpensive replacement for measuring Cl− transport across mouse large intestine, tracking Cl− transport in response to cAMP stimulation (inducing Cl− secretion) in the presence and absence of the main gastrointestinal Cl−–HCO3− exchanger, DRA.
Heterologous expression of bacterial natural product biosynthetic pathways.

Covering: 2013 to June 2018Heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic pathways is of increasing interest in microbial biotechnology, drug discovery and optimization. It empowers not only the robust production of valuable biomolecules in more amenable heterologous hosts but also permits the generation of novel analogs through biosynthetic engineering. This strategy also facilitates the discovery of novel bioactive compounds following the functional expression of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from fastidious original producers or metagenomic DNA in surrogate hosts, thus facilitating genome mining in the post-genomic era. This review discusses recent advances and trends pertaining to the heterologous production of bacterial natural products, with an emphasis on new techniques, heterologous hosts, and novel chemistry since 2013.
Smut infection of perennial hosts: the genome and the transcriptome of the Brassicaceae smut fungus Thecaphora thlaspeos reveal functionally conserved and novel effectors.

Biotrophic fungal plant pathogens can balance their virulence and form intricate relationships with their hosts. Sometimes, this leads to systemic host colonization over long time scales without macroscopic symptoms. However, how plant-pathogenic endophytes manage to establish their sustained systemic infection remains largely unknown. Here, we present a genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Thecaphora thlaspeos. This relative of the well studied grass smut Ustilago maydis is the only smut fungus adapted to Brassicaceae hosts. Its ability to overwinter with perennial hosts and its systemic plant infection including roots are unique characteristics among smut fungi. The T. thlaspeos genome was assembled to the chromosome level. It is a typical smut genome in terms of size and genome characteristics. In silico prediction of candidate effector genes revealed common smut effector proteins and unique members. For three candidates, we have functionally demonstrated effector activity. One of these, TtTue1, suggests a potential link to cold acclimation. On the plant side, we found evidence for a typical immune response as it is present in other infection systems, despite the absence of any macroscopic symptoms during infection. Our findings suggest that T. thlaspeos distinctly balances its virulence during biotrophic growth ultimately allowing for long-lived infection of its perennial hosts.
Ten‐year single‐centre experience in fertility preservation of 459 patients suffering from acute leukaemia

Acute leukaemia is a life‐threatening disease that needs treatment without delay. Fertility preservation is recommended, but often not possible because of the necessity to start treatment as soon as possible. The present study is a retrospective single‐centre analysis of 459 patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia between 2002 and 2012. Sperm or oocyte preservation was successfully performed in only 29 (6%) patients. Of the 150 children, no paediatric patient sample was taken. The collected samples enabled the conception of 2 children by in vitro fertilisation; in addition, 3 spontaneous, non‐assisted births in partners of male patients were observed. Fertility preservation is important but difficult to accomplish in patients with acute leukaemia; more efforts are clearly needed to preserve fertility in long‐term survivors of acute leukaemia.
A Novel Mechanical Fault Feature Selection and Diagnosis Approach for High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Using Features Extracted without Signal Processing

The reliability and performance of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) will directly affect the safety and stability of the power system itself, and mechanical failures of HVCBs are one of the important factors affecting the reliability of circuit breakers. Moreover, the existing fault diagnosis methods for circuit breakers are complex and inefficient in feature extraction. To improve the efficiency of feature extraction, a novel mechanical fault feature selection and diagnosis approach for high-voltage circuit breakers, using features extracted without signal processing is proposed. Firstly, the vibration signal of the HVCBs’ operating system, which collects the amplitudes of signals from normal vibration signals, is segmented by a time scale, and obviously changed. Adopting the ensemble learning method, features were extracted from each part of the divided signal, and used for constructing a vector. The Gini importance of features is obtained by random forest (RF), and the feature is ranked by the features’ importance index. After that, sequential forward selection (SFS) is applied to determine the optimal subset, while the regularized Fisher’s criterion (RFC) is used to analyze the classification ability. Then, the optimal subset is input to the hierarchical hybrid classifier, and based on a one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) and RF for fault diagnosis, the state is accurately recognized by OCSVM. The known fault types are identified using RF, and the identification results are calibrated with OCSVM of a particular fault type. The experimental proves that the new method has high feature extraction efficiency and recognition accuracy by the measured HVCBs vibration signal, while the unknown fault type data of the untrained samples is effectively identified.
Interspecies Chimeras and the Generation of Humanized Organs.

End-stage or advanced heart failure is a lethal disease. The only curative therapy is solid organ transplantation, but it is limited because of the scarcity of organs. Alternative strategies are being developed including the use of interspecies chimeras to generate humanized hearts in gene-edited pigs. These interspecies chimeras will provide a unique research model and impact the treatment of chronic, end-stage disease such as heart failure.
Gene and Mirna Regulatory Networks During Different Stages of Crohn's Disease.

Background/Aims Early treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) is required to optimize patient outcomes. To this end, we need to gain a better understanding of the molecular changes at the onset of CD. Methods As a model for the earliest mucosal CD lesions, we study post-operative recurrent CD (Rutgeerts score ≥i2b). We are the first to analyse gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in ileal biopsies from these patients, and compare this to newly diagnosed (≤18 months) and late (>10 years after diagnosis) CD patients. Results Except for one gene (WNT5A), there are no differential genes in CD patients without post-operative recurrence (i0), showing that previous disease did not influence gene expression in the neoterminal ileum, and that this model can be used to study early mucosal CD lesions. Gene expression and co-expression network dysregulation is more pronounced in newly diagnosed and late CD than in post-operative recurrent CD, with most important modules associated with (a)granulocyte adhesion/diapedesis, and cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, we found a role for snoRNAs/miRNAs in recurrent CD, highlighting the potential importance of regulatory RNAs in early disease stages. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of key dysregulated genes in damaged/regenerating epithelium and immune cells in recurrent CD. Conclusions Aside from regulatory RNAs, there are no clear gene signatures separating post-operative recurrent, newly diagnosed, and late CD. The relative contribution of dysregulated genes and networks differs, and suggests that surgery may reset the disease at the mucosal site, and therefore post-operative recurrent CD might be a good model to study early mucosal CD lesions.
Efficacy and safety of steroid in the prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A network meta‐analysis

Even though endoscopic submucosal dissection is an important endoscopic resection technique for gastrointestinal neoplasms, there are chances that postoperative esophageal stricture might take place as a side effect. Steroid applications were reported to be effective for the prevention of stricture formation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different steroid applications.
Mechanisms of cnidocyte development in the moon jellyfish Aurelia

Stinging cells called cnidocytes are a defining trait of the cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and their relatives). In hydrozoan cnidarians such as Hydra, cnidocytes develop from interstitial stem cells set aside in the ectoderm. It is less clear how cnidocytes develop outside the Hydrozoa, as other cnidarians appear to lack interstitial stem cells. We addressed this question by studying cnidogenesis in the moon jellyfish (Aurelia) through the visualization of minicollagen—a protein associated with cnidocyte development—as well as transmission electron microscopy. We discovered that developing cnidoblasts are rare or absent in feeding structures rich in mature cnidocytes, such as tentacles and lappets. Using transmission electron microscopy, we determined that the progenitors of cnidocytes have traits consistent with epitheliomuscular cells. Our data suggests a dynamic where cnidocytes develop at high concentrations in the epithelium of more proximal regions, and subsequently migrate to more distal regions where they exhibit high usage and turnover. Similar to some anthozoans, cnidocytes in Aurelia do not appear to be generated by interstitial stem cells; instead, epitheliomuscular cells appear to be the progenitor cell type. This observation polarizes the evolution of cnidogenesis, and raises the question of how interstitial stem cells came to regulate cnidogenesis in hydrozoans.
Activation of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Preventing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice

G protein–coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been shown to negatively regulate inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear. Using an in vivo model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), we investigated the potential role and molecular mechanisms of GPR120 in focal cerebral ischemic injury. Increased GPR120 expression was observed in microglia and neurons following MCAO-induced ischemia in wild type C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibited OGD-induced inflammatory response in primary microglia and murine microglial BV2 cells, whereas silencing of GPR120 strongly exacerbated the inflammation induced by OGD and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited OGD-induced inflammation through GPR120 interacting with β-arrestin2. In addition to its anti-inflammatory function, GPR120 also played a role in apoptosis as its knockdown impaired the antiapoptotic effect of DHA in OGD-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Finally, using MCAO mouse model, we demonstrated that GPR120 activation protected against focal cerebral ischemic injury by preventing inflammation and apoptosis. Our study indicated that pharmacological targeting of GPR120 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
Venlafaxine ER Blocks the Norepinephrine Transporter in the Brain of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: a PET Study Using [18F]FMeNER-D2

BACKGROUND The in vivo binding of clinical dose of venlafaxine on norepinephrine transporter has been questioned because venlafaxine has higher in vitro affinity to serotonin transporter than that to norepinephrine transporter. Although serotonin transporter occupancy of clinically relevant doses of venlafaxine has been reported, there has been no report of norepinephrine transporter occupancy in the human brain. METHODS This was an open-label, single center, exploratory positron emission tomography study. Twelve major depressive disorder patients who had responded to venlafaxine extended-release and 9 control subjects were recruited. Each subject participated in one positron emission tomography measurement with [18F]FMeNER-D2. Binding potential in brain was quantified by the area under the curve ratio method with thalamus as target and white matter as reference regions. The difference of binding potential values between control and patient groups divided to 2 dose ranges were evaluated. Norepinephrine transporter occupancy (%) for all the major depressive disorder patients was calculated using mean binding potential of control subjects as baseline. The relationships between dose or plasma concentration of total active moiety and occupancies of norepinephrine transporter were also estimated. RESULTS The binding potential of the patient group with 150 to 300 mg/d was significantly lower than that in the control subjects group (P = .0004 < .05/2). The norepinephrine transporter occupancy (8-61%) increased in a dose-dependent manner although a clear difference beyond 150 mg/d was not observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that clinically relevant doses of venlafaxine extended-release block the norepinephrine transporter of the major depressive disorder patient's brain. The data support the notion that the antidepressant effect of venlafaxine involves a combination of serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter blockades.
Identification of NEK3 and MOK as novel targets for lithium

Lithium ion, commonly used as the carbonate salt in the treatment of bipolar disorders, has been identified as an inhibitor of several kinases, including Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3β, for almost 20 years. However, both the exact mechanism of enzymatic inhibition and its apparent specificity for certain metalloenzymes are still a matter of debate. A data‐driven hypothesis is presented that accounts for the specificity profile of kinase inhibition by lithium in terms of the presence of a unique protein environment in the magnesium‐binding site. This hypothesis has been validated by the discovery of two novel potential targets for lithium, namely NEK3 and MOK, which are related to neuronal function.
Extracellular ATP Shapes a Defense-Related Transcriptome Both Independently and along with Other Defense Signaling Pathways1[OPEN]

Extracellular ATP-responsive transcription interacts with other defense signaling pathways and relies on MYC and CAMTA transcription factors. ATP is not only an essential metabolite of cellular biochemistry but also acts as a signal in the extracellular milieu. In plants, extracellular ATP is monitored by the purinergic receptor P2K1. Recent studies have revealed that extracellular ATP acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern in plants, and its signaling through P2K1 is important for mounting an effective defense response against various pathogenic microorganisms. Biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens attack plants using different strategies, to which plants respond accordingly with salicylate-based or jasmonate/ethylene-based defensive signaling, respectively. Interestingly, defense mediated by P2K1 is effective against pathogens of both lifestyles, raising the question of the level of interplay between extracellular ATP signaling and that of jasmonate, ethylene, and salicylate. To address this issue, we analyzed ATP-induced transcriptomes in wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings and mutant seedlings defective in essential components in the signaling pathways of jasmonate, ethylene, and salicylate (classic defense hormones) as well as a mutant and an overexpression line of the P2K1 receptor. We found that P2K1 function is crucial for faithful ATP-induced transcriptional changes and that a subset of genes is more responsive in the P2K1 overexpression line. We also found that more than half of the ATP-responsive genes required signaling by one or more of the pathways for the classical defense hormones, with the jasmonate-based signaling being more critical than others. By contrast, the other ATP-responsive genes were unaffected by deficiencies in signaling for any of the classical defense hormones. These ATP-responsive genes were highly enriched for defense-related Gene Ontology terms. We further tested the ATP-induced genes in knockout mutants of transcription factors, demonstrating that MYCs acting downstream of the jasmonate receptor complex and calmodulin-binding transcription activators are nuclear transducers of P2K1-mediated extracellular ATP signaling.
TAT1 and TAT2 tyrosine aminotransferases have both distinct and shared functions in tyrosine metabolism and degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants produce various l-tyrosine (Tyr)-derived compounds that are critical for plant adaptation and have pharmaceutical or nutritional importance for human health. Tyrosine aminotransferases (TATs) catalyze the reversible reaction between Tyr and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP), representing the entry point in plants for both biosynthesis of various natural products and Tyr degradation in the recycling of energy and nutrients. To better understand the roles of TATs and how Tyr is metabolized in planta, here we characterized single and double loss-of-function mutants of TAT1 (At5g53970) and TAT2 (At5g36160) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. As reported previously, tat1 mutants exhibited elevated and decreased levels of Tyr and tocopherols, respectively. The tat2 mutation alone had no impact on Tyr and tocopherol levels, but a tat1 tat2 double mutant had increased Tyr accumulation and decreased tocopherol levels under high-light stress compared with the tat1 mutant. Relative to WT and the tat2 mutant, the tat1 mutant displayed increased vulnerability to continuous dark treatment, associated with an early drop in respiratory activity and sucrose depletion. During isotope-labeled Tyr feeding in the dark, we observed that the tat1 mutant exhibits much slower 13C incorporation into tocopherols, fumarate, and other tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates than WT and the tat2 mutant. These results indicate that TAT1 and TAT2 function together in tocopherol biosynthesis, with TAT2 having a lesser role, and that TAT1 plays the major role in Tyr degradation in planta. Our study also highlights the importance of Tyr degradation under carbon starvation conditions during dark-induced senescence in plants.