Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of mixing in an isostructural solid solution : 3 4 simulation methodologies and application to rutile-cassiterite system 5

26 The accuracies of two different approaches to model thermodynamic mixing properties of 27 solid-solutions are explored using the rutile-cassiterite solid solution as an example. Both 28 methods employ an expansion of the configurational enthalpy in terms of pairwise 29 interactions energies. In the first method the partition function is directly computed from 30 the excess energies of all Ti/Sn configurations within a 2 × 2 × 4 supercell. In the second 31 method the free energy of mixing is calculated by a thermodynamic integration of the 32 thermally averaged enthalpies computed with the Monte Carlo method using an 8 × 12 × 33 16 supercell. The phase relations derived from Monte Carlo simulations agree well with 34 the available experimental data, under the condition that the free energy is corrected for 35 the effect of the excess vibrational entropy. The direct calculation of the partition 36 function provides reasonable phase relations only when the configurational entropy is 37 corrected to be consistent with the ideal mixing in the high-temperature limit. Advantages 38 and drawbacks of the both approaches are discussed. The findings are generally 39 applicable to models of isostructural solid solutions. 40 41
Measure of Symmetry with Minimum Variance for Square Contingency Tables

For analyzing square contingency tables with same row and column classifications, models on symmetry instead of independence have been used. The simple symmetry model which represents the structure of symmetry with respect to the cell probabilities was introduced by Bowker. When the symmetry model does not hold for a given data, we are interested in measuring the degree of departure from symmetry. For square tables with nominal categories, a measure expressed by using Shannon entropy or Kullback-Leibler information was proposed by Tomizawa. The present paper proposes a measure for symmetry which is different from Tomizawa’s measure, in the class of weighted averages. The proposed measure is an approximation to the measure in the class of weighted averages that has the smallest variance.
ON ANTI-CHUDAKOV EFFECT IN ULTRARELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-POSITRON PAIR IONIZATION LOSS IN THIN TARGET

The ionization loss of an ultrarelativistic e+e− pair in a system of two separated targets – thick upstream, in which the pair is created, and thin downstream – is considered. The main attention is drawn to investigation of the effect of enhancement of the pair loss in thin target comparing to the sum of independent electron and positron losses (the one opposite to the Chudakov effect of pair ionization loss suppression). The problem is studied without the use of approximation of parallel electron and positron velocities which is usually applied for theoretical consideration of pair ionization loss. The dependence of the magnitude of the effect on the pair energy and its divergence angle is studied. The possibility of existence of such effect in the asymptotic case of large separations between the targets is shown. A simplified analytical expression describing the pair ionization loss dependence on distance between the targets under the conditions of manifestation of the discussed effect is obtained.
D STATUS OF THE NEW SUPERCONDUCTING CW HEAVY ION LINAC

To keep the ambitious Super Heavy Element (SHE) physics program at GSI competitive a superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) high intensity heavy ion LINAC is currently under progress as a multi-stage R&D program of GSI, HIM and IAP [2]. The baseline linac design consists of a high performance ion source, a new low energy beam transport line, an (cw) upgraded High Charge State Injector (HLI), and a matching line (1.4 MeV/u) which is followed by the new sc-DTL LINAC for post acceleration up to 7.3 MeV/u. In the present design the new cw-heavy ion LINAC comprises constant-beta sc Crossbar-H-mode (CH) cavities operated at 217 MHz. The advantages of the proposed beam dynamics concept applying a constant beta profile are easy manufacturing with minimized costs as well as a straightforward energy variation [6]. An important milestone will be the full performance test of the first CH cavity (Demonstrator), in a horizontal cryo module with beam. An advanced Demonstrator setup comprising a string of cavities and focussing elements is proposed to build from 10 short CH-cavities with 8 gaps. The corresponding simulations and technical layout of the new cw heavy ion LINAC will be presented.
Evaluation of clogging in HSF pilot-scale CWs using tracer experiments

The worst operational problem that may occur during the operation of horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) is the clogging of the porous media. Clogging phenomena cause hydraulic malfunction, and therefore, may lead to inadequate performance of HSF-CWs, and finally, to the reduction of their lifetime expectancy. The main objective of the study was the investigation of clogging in HSF-CWs pilot-scale systems, and its influence on the hydraulics of these systems. Additionally, the study also aims at the evaluation of the sustainable operation of HSF-CWs after their long-term use. One HSF pilot-scale CW was used. The experiment was conducted using an impulse tracer test using KBr, which provided residence time distribution (RTD) curves, and generally, information regarding the effect of clogging on flow dynamics (possible short-circuiting, dead volumes, uneven distribution). For the conduction of the experiment, the conservative tracer was introduced at the inlet through the influent distribution system and the monitoring was performed at various points along the wetland bed (i.e., 1/3 and 2/3 of the length, and the outlet). Equations are used to compute, based on the tracer test data, the mean actual HRT, the tracer mass recovery, the normalized variance and the hydraulic efficiency. The results indicate that the unit operated smoothly without serious clogging phenomena. Generally, this system has shown a sustainable and successful long-term operation. The presented method is an effective method to evaluate performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in terms of clogging.
A High-Order Shock-Fitting Non-Equilibrium Flow Solver for DNS of Strong Shock and Turbulence Interactions

The problem of strong shock and turbulence has proven to be very complex to understand with existing tools. Furthermore, thermo-chemically nonequilibrium effects including internal energy excitations, translation-vibration energy relaxation, and chemical reactions among different species need to be considered for flow behind strong shocks. In this paper, a unique approach of using a shock-fitting and shock-capturing method is proposed. The main shock is treated by a shock-fitting method as a sharp boundary of the computational domain. The rest of weak or secondary shocks induced by interactions of the main shock and freestream turbulence are captured by shock-capturing schemes. We will develop a high-order shock-fitting non-equilibrium flow solver and apply it to strong shock and turbulence interactions with thermo-chemically non-equilibrium effects.
Performance Optimization of a Mobile Inspection Robot for Power Transmission Lines

To deal with the environmental characteristics of transmission lines and the demands for their maintenance, a novel inspection robot mechanism is presented. The mechanical model of driving wheel traction is analyzed and the quasi static mechanics model of two-wheel driven robot is set up. Through the optimization of driving wheel structure and the adjustment of the robot rolling posture, the robot's climbing ability is improved along with enhancing the adhesion for ascension. The different structures of wheel configuration and different postures before and after the optimization planning are simulated. The prototype is developed and the experiment of the robot climbing ability is tested in the lab. The simulation and experimental results show that the mobile robot ability is improved by optimizing its attitude and changing the wheel structure.
Guidelines for Native Seed Production and Grassland Restoration Guidelines for Native Seed Production and Grassland Restoration

Plant populations can be adapted to local environments, and it is presumed that a combination of climatic, soil, and biological factors contribute to patterns of local adaptation observed in the wild. The invasion of new species or changes in local disturbance regimes has the potential to drastically change the selective environment for plants in altered systems. In these situations, traits that confer local adaptation may radically change over small scales, based on the presence or absence of a new selective agent. A challenge for restoration will be to continue to match traits of transplanted material with local adaptive optima, recognizing that the degree of contemporary disturbance may affect plant fitness as much as historical evolutionary relationships with local environmental conditions. Evolutionary changes within populations of native plants may help them persist in altered environments, and taking advantage of these evolutionary changes may allow for more effective restoration. Here, we discuss how native species can evolve in response to invasive species and altered disturbance regimes. Secondly, we present a survey of traits that have been considered desirable in the selection of restoration material currently used in the Great Basin, USA, and examine whether traits are selected to increase agronomic suitability or performance in restorations. Next, we discuss how natural selection may be useful for identifying strategies that can increase plant establishment under disturbed or modified field What Can Natural Selection Tell Us about Restoration? 15 conditions. Finally, we present an example of an experimental framework that can be used to determine the degree of adaptation of restoration seeds to particular sites during restoration activities, with the goal of identifying traits that increase plant establishment. Viewing restorations as evolutionary experiments could increase our ability to match adaptive traits with particular environments, leading to increased plant establishment during restoration, as well as increased our understanding of the role of natural selection in shaping population differentiation.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance : Evidence SET Index

This paper studies the empirical relationships among executive long-term vision, corporate governance leadership, organizational experience, corporate social responsibility, and corporate financial performance. The data were collected by using a questionnaire from 285 firms listed in The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The hypothesized relationships among variables are examined by using ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis. The results indicate that executive long-term vision and corporate governance leadership have a significant positive effect on corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility has a significant positive effect on corporate financial performance. However, executive long-term vision and corporate governance leadership have a not significant positive effect on corporate social responsibility via the moderating effect of organizational experience. This study might be useful to scholars and those who share an interest in the subject. Moreover, theoretical and managerial contributions, conclusion, and suggestions for future research are also interesting to be discussed.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF COMPUTATIONAL RETINA MODELS

A comparative study of bio-inspired computational retina models, representative of two distinct model classes, is pr esented in this paper. One model belongs to the so called class of pseudo-deterministic models, where a given light stimulus always produces the same response, while the other analyzed model belongs to the stochastic class and mimics the random behavior of the retina response. Both the firing rate and spike train metrics are used to evaluate and compare both models. Experimental results, obtained with real data, show that the two models present similar outcomes, despite their distinct nature, although there is a slightly better performance of the the pseudo-determinist ic model in practice.
Cyber-Enabled Well-Being Oriented Daily Living Support Based on Personal Data Analysis

We are living in a cyber-physical-social environment with a variety of lifestyles and values. Living support has become important in such a diverse society. Owing to the ability to collect a large amount of personal data or life logs in the cyber-physical-social environment, it is now possible for us to provide living support based on personal data analysis. Moreover, analyzing such data can facilitate a deep understanding of an individual. In this study, we focus on the provision of cyber-enabled well-being oriented daily living support for an individual based on personal data analysis. Three categories of personal data are identified from an individual's daily life data. In this paper, we discuss the basic concept, model, and framework for well-being oriented personal data analysis in order to offer suggestions and advices to improve the living quality of an individual. Finally, we report a feasibility study with an application scenario by using personal and environmental data.
Synthesis , Photophysical , Photochemical and Biological Properties of Caged GABA , 4-[ [ ( 2 H-1-Benzopyran-2one-7-amino-4-methoxy ) carbonyl ] amino ]

The photorelease of a caged neurotransmitter can be used to investigate the function of neuronal circuits in tissues. We have designed and synthesized a stable, caged y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative, 4-[[(2H-l-benzopyran-2-one-7-amino-4methoxy)carbonyl]amino] butanoic acid (BC204), that releases the neurotransmitter in physiological medium when irradiated with UV light at 300400 nm in PBS at pH 7.4. The release of GABA occurs with the formation of the major photoproduct, 7-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-l-benzopyran-2-one, via a solvolytic photodegradation mechanism of the coumarin moiety and was confirmed by electrospray mass spectrometrytmass spectrometry (ESI MSNS). BC204 is chemically stable and shows no intrinsic activity after many hours under physiological dark conditions. These properties suggest that BC204 is an excellent form of caged GABA that is well suited for long-term biological studies.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Financial Frictions , Financial Shocks , and Aggregate Volatility

I revisit the Great Inflation and the Great Moderation for nominal and real variables. I document an immoderation in corporate balance sheet variables so that the Great Moderation is best described as a period of divergent patterns in volatilities for real, nominal and financial variables. A model with time-varying financial frictions and financial shocks allowing for structural breaks in the size of shocks and the institutional framework is estimated. The paper shows that (i) while the Great Inflation was driven by bad luck, the Great Moderation was mostly due to better institutions; (ii) the slowdown in the volatility of credit spreads is driven by an easier access to credit, while a higher exposure to financial risk determines the immoderation of balance sheet variables; and (iii) the improvements in the institutional framework during the Great Moderation mitigate the effects of financial disturbances on the U.S. economy. JEL: E32, E44, C11, C13
Effect of Temperatures on Structural , Morphological and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation method with citrate as chelating agent. The as-prepared sample was characterized by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The synthesized materials were annealed at different temperatures, such as 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C and the product was characterized by using XRD, FTIR and VSM. ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles annealed at 600 °C were phase pure, which is further characterized by FESEM with EDAX and FETEM with SAED pattern. XRD results reveals the formation of single phase nano sized zinc ferrite, also the particle size and the X-ray density of the annealed ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles linearly increased with increase in temperature and decrease in lattice parameters were noticed. FTIR study confirms the presence of zinc ferrite nanoparticles. The surface morphology of ZnFe2O4 observed by FESEM, which showed that the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles annealed at 600 °C possess spherical structure, which was well supported by FETEM results. The composition of elements Fe, Zn and O in the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were identified by using EDAX spectra. A VSM result of the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles reveals the decrease of magnetization by increasing the annealing temperature.
Practice of Epidemiology Comparing Arterial Function Parameters for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Events The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Arterial dysfunction has been linked to decline in cardiac function and increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. We calculated the value of arterial function, measured at baseline (2000 – 2002), in predicting time to ﬁ rst coronary heart disease (CHD) event (median follow-up, 10.2 years) among participants in the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Measures included the following: C 1 and C 2 , derived from diastolic pulse contour analysis from the radial artery blood pressure waveform obtained by tonometry ( n = 6,336); carotid distensibility and Young ’ s elastic modulus at the carotid artery, derived from carotid artery ultrasonography ( n = 6,531 and 6,528); and aortic distensibility, measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( n = 3,677). After adjustment, the hazard ratio for a CHD event per standard-deviation increment in arterial function was 0.97 (95% con ﬁ dence interval (CI): 0.86, 1.10) for C 1 , 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.86) for C 2 , 0.98 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.11) for carotid distensibility, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.09) for Young ’ s modulus, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.10) for aortic distensibility. We examined the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model with full adjustment plus the addition of each measure individually. C 2 provided additional discrimination for the prediction of CHD (area under the curve = 0.736 vs. 0.743; P = 0.04). Lower C 2 was associated with a higher risk of future CHD events.
A simple theory of landslide failure and size distribution

Landslides triggered in large numbers by heavy rainfall, earthquake strong ground motion or snowpack ablation have number-area distributions with remarkably similar negative power-law tails. There may be a simple physical explanation for this behaviour. Each landslide begins with slip at a weak point; as the slip surface propagates, fluctuations occur in the forces driving and resisting the propagation. At some point the sum of these fluctuations reaches zero, friction takes the upper hand, and the slip surface stops spreading. The probability that a slip surface triggered at a random point will grow to reach a particular size is a solution of the stochastic differential equation that describes the series of fluctuations as a mixed Gaussian diffusion process. This solution is robustly consistent with landslide size distributions observed in nature. Its steep power-law tail is the result of fluctuations in the net driving force that scale with the spreading slip area, while the average size landslide is determined by fluctuations at the growing perimeter. The origin of the fluctuations is perhaps the variability of topographic relief with scale.
Fast lane recognition based on morphological multi-structure element model

这篇论文基于多结构元素模型建议一个小巷察觉算法词法。 算法的创新的点躺在灵活结构有小巷模型特征有的多结构元素的事实，并且算法采用词法过滤原则在图象提取象素，它类似于小巷模型。 在算法，感兴趣的区域被梯形的一个模型从原来的图象提取，它被操作符检测精明，并且小巷被结构元素提取，它有类似的特征到小巷模型的。 几根线被 Hough 转变检测，然后，交通小巷被重建。 实验证明这个算法简单、柔韧，并且能高效地精确地并且快速检测小巷面具。
Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Si and SiC PV Converter Systems Based on Advanced η-ρ-σ Multiobjective Optimization Techniques

This paper presents a novel virtual prototyping routine for power electronic converter systems. The approach facilitates a comprehensive and systematic benchmarking of different converter concepts based on a multiobjective optimization regarding the efficiency, power density, and costs. The underlying modeling framework is based on detailed and experimentally verified models. In particular, novel cost data as well as unpublished switching loss and core loss measurements are incorporated. The proposed virtual prototyping routine is employed to carry out a comparative study of the potential of Si and SiC semiconductors in a 10-kW residential three-phase photovoltaic inverter application. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art hard-switched three-level Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) system is compared to a hard-switched and to a soft-switched two-level SiC MOSFET system. The candidate systems for each concept are selected among the η-ρ-σ Pareto-optimized designs based on the life cycle costs. The hard-switched two-level SiC candidate system is found to be the most attractive solution featuring the lowest life cycle costs. When compared to the Si-based candidate system, not only a better power density and efficiency result. At the same time, besides the lower life cycle costs (−22%), lower component costs (−5%) can also be attained. The attractiveness of the found SiC solution is underlined by the simple control and the lowest component count among all concepts.
Comments on G. Galati, P. Heemeijer, and R. Moessner, “How Do Inflation Expectations Form? Evidence from a High-Frequency Survey”

We provide new insights on the formation of inflation expectations, in particular at a time of great financial and economic turmoil, by evaluating results from a survey conducted from July 2009 through July 2010. Participants in this survey answered a weekly questionnaire about their short-, mediumand long-term inflation expectations. Participants received common information sets with data relevant to euro area inflation. The survey allows us to address a number of important issues in the macro literature. First, we find evidence that inflation expectations depend on realized inflation data and Greek Credit Default Swap prices (the euro area fiscal crisis culminated during the survey). Second, we find considerable expectations homogeneity across participant subgroups at the short horizon, largely disappearing however at the medium and long horizons. Third, our evidence regarding the anchoring of long-term expectations at the ECB’s inflation target is ambiguous. While median long-term expectations are at the target throughout the survey, long-term expectation means have been sensitive to economic shocks. Last, we find evidence that inflation expectations of central bank staff Granger-cause expectations of groups outside the central bank. JEL classification: E31, E32, E37, E52, C53.