Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tsunami Deposits on a Paleoproterozoic Unconformity? The 2.2 Ga Yerrida Marine Transgression on the Northern Margin of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia

Large blocks and boulders of banded iron formations and massive hematite up to 40 × 27 × 6 m3 and in excess of 10,000 metric tonnes were detached from an outcrop of the Wilgie Mia Formation during the ca 2.20 Ga marine transgression at the base of the Paleoproterozoic Windplain Group and deposited in a broad band on the wave-cut surface 900 to 1200 m to the east. At the same time, sand and shingle were scoured from the sea floor, leaving remnants only on the western side of the Wilgie Mia Formation and on the eastern sides of the boulders. Evidence suggesting that the blocks were detached and transported and the sea floor scoured by a tsunami bore with a height of at least 40 m is provided by the following: (1) the deposition of the blocks indicates transportation by a unidirectional sub-horizontal force, whereas the smaller boulders are randomly oriented; (2) 900–1200 m separates the banded iron formation (BIF) outcrop and the blocks (3) there is an absence of the basal conglomerate between the blocks; (4) the blocks and boulders rest directly on the wave-cut surface of deeply weathered amphibolites; (5) the blocks and boulders are surrounded and overlain by fine-grained sandstone of the Windplain Group.
Refactoring an existing code base to improve modularity and quality

Code written in modern programming languages (such as Java) can be almost impossible to understand and maintain due to poor design and coding practices used during its development. Instead of redeveloping the entire code from scratch (which is an expensive and time-consuming proposition), typically a series of refactoring steps are applied to make the software better in terms of both design and coding quality, which translates to better user experience because the maintainability and scalability of the application is increased. In this project we consider an existing code base that was written hastily in Java and was really poor in terms of design and code quality. We share our experiences in refactoring this code base in order to make it modular and with improved design and code quality. We first analyzed the existing code base to identify areas for improvement and then used certain benchmark metrics to guide the refactoring. We present a comparison of the final state of the code with the original code base to demonstrate the use of good software development practices.
Analysis of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Heuristic Reasoning Processes about Hydrogen Bonding

The purpose of this research was to determine the heuristics used by pre-service science teachers in understanding the details of hydrogen bonding. The reasoning processes demonstrated were evaluated based on ten heuristic models suggested by Talanquer (2014). Phenomenographic assessment of the 30 participants indicated that all ten heuristics were utilized to make interpretations about hydrogen bonding. It was found that most students used short-cut strategies rather than efficient analytical reasoning processes. A total of 12 answer patterns were determined based on the answers of the participants. The percentage of students who gave the correct answer was low. The frequency sequencing of participants' heuristics demonstrated in this study was fluency, associative activation, recognition, one-reason decision making, attribute substitution, overconfidence, surface similarity, generalization, rigidity, and affect.
Through-Plane Thermal Conductivity of PEMFC Porous Transport Layers

We report the through-plane thermal conductivities of the several widely used carbon porous transport layers (PTLs or GDLs) and their thermal contact resistance to an aluminium polarisation plate. We report these values both for wet and dry samples and at different compaction pressures. We show that depending on the type of PTL and possible residual water, the thermal conductivity of the materials varies from 0.15 to 1.6 W K−1 m−1 — one order of magnitude. This behaviour is the same for the contact resistance varying from 0.8 to 11 10−4 m2 K W−1 . For dry PTLs the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing PTFE content and increases with residual water. These effects are explained by the behaviour of air, water and PTFE in between the PTL fibres.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Engagement With COVID-19 Public Health Measures in the United States: A Cross-sectional Social Media Analysis from June to November 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread in the US and globally. Closely monitoring public engagement and perception of COVID-19 and preventive measures using social media data could provide important information for understanding the progress of current interventions and planning future programs. Objective: To measure the public behaviors and perceptions regarding COVID-19 and its daily life effects during the recent 5 months of the pandemic. Methods: Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms were used to identify COVID-19 related and unrelated topics in over 300 million online data sources from June 15 to November 15, 2020. Posts in the sample were geotagged, and sensitivity and specificity were both calculated to validate the classification of posts. The prevalence of discussion regarding these topics was measured over this time period and compared to daily case rates in the US. Results: The final sample size included 9,065,733 posts, 70% of which were sourced from the US. In October and November, discussion including mentions of COVID-19 and related health behaviors did not increase as it had from June to September, despite an increase in COVID-19 daily cases in the US beginning in October. Additionally, counter to reports from March and April, discussion was more focused on daily life topics (69%), compared with COVID-19 in general (37%) and COVID-19 public health measures (20%). Conclusions: There was a decline in COVID-19-related social media discussion sourced mainly from the US, even as COVID-19 cases in the US have increased to the highest rate since the beginning of the pandemic. Targeted public health messaging may be needed to ensure engagement in public health prevention measures until a vaccine is widely available to the public.
Trichloroethene Biodegradation Potential in Wetland Soils and Paleowetland Sediments

Trichloroethene (TCE) plumes extend north-northeast toward the Ohio River from the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), a Superfund site in the Gulf Coastal Plain of western Kentucky. Wetlands in the floodplain are in the paths of these plumes, and on-site contamination has migrated downward from the Regional Gravel Aquifer (RGA) into the upper McNairy Formation, which overlies a bedrock aquifer. Intrinsic biodegradation in these two environments at the margins of the RGA could limit further contaminant migration and ecosystem or water-quality degradation. To assess cometabolic biodegradation potential in these uncontaminated environments, we attempted to culture and enumerate methanogens, sulfate- and Fe(III)-reducers, and methanotrophs, which have been implicated elsewhere as TCE degraders. Soil samples were collected at three wetland sites in the floodplain. McNairy sediments were collected beneath one of the suspected source areas at PGDP. Methanogens, sulfate reducers, and methanotrophs were abundant in wetland soils, with populations generally decreasing with depth. Methanogens were the only group cultured from McNairy sediments, and they showed little activity compared with wetland methanogen cultures. TCE loss in methanogenic batch cultures by chemoautotrophic and acetoclastic methanogens was monitored, but no significant degradation was observed.
The Application of a Linear Microphone Array in the Quantitative Evaluation of the Blade Trailing-Edge Noise Reduction

This paper concerns the application of a linear microphone array in the quantitative evaluation of blade trailing-edge (TE) noise reduction. The noise radiation from the blades with straight and serrated TEs is measured in an indoor open-jet wind tunnel. The array data are processed using the inverse method based on the Clean algorithm based on spatial source coherence (Clean-SC). In order to obtain correct application and achieve the best effect for the microphone array test, the computing software for array data reduction is firstly developed and assessed by Sarradj’s benchmark case. The assessment results show that the present array data processing method has a good accuracy with an error less than 0.5 dB in a wide frequency range. Then, a linear array with 32 microphones is designed to identify the noise source of a NACA65(12)-10 blade. The performance of the Clean-SC algorithm is compared with the Clean algorithm based on point spread functions (Clean-PSF) method for experimentally identifying the noise sources of the blade. The results show that there is about a 2 dB error when using the Clean-PSF algorithm due to the interference of different aerodynamic noise sources. Experimental studies are conducted to study the blade TE noise reduction using serrated TEs. The TE noise for the blade with and without sawtooth configurations is measured with the flow speeds from 20 m/s to 70 m/s, and the corresponding Reynolds numbers based on the chord are from 200,000 to 700,000. Parametric studies of the sawtooth amplitude and wavelength are conducted to understand the noise reduction law. It is observed that the TE noise reduction is sensitive to both the amplitude and wavelength. The flow speed also affects the noise reduction in the serrated TEs. To obtain the best noise suppression effect, the sawtooth configuration should be carefully designed according to the actual working conditions and airflow parameters.
Release of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from River Sediment to Water under Low-Flow Conditions: Laboratory Assessment

The diffusive release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from sediments to water under low-flow conditions was measured for surficial sediments with different PCB concentrations collected from the Grasse River near Massena, N.Y. Data on PCB sediment-water equilibrium partitioning and PCB mass release flux from sediments were used to assess the extent and mass transfer rate of PCB release under low-flow conditions in the Grasse River. Microcosm studies were employed to evaluate the release flux of PCBs under quiescent conditions for various river sediments and sediment mixtures. The observed total-PCB release fluxes ranged from about 1 to 20 mg/m2⋅year, showing predominantly dichloro- through tetrachlorobiphenyls. Analyses of water column samples from the Grasse River under low-flow conditions also indicated the predominance of dichloro- through tetrachlorobiphenyls as in the microcosm tests. Data on PCB equilibrium partitioning between water and sediment were used to estimate sediment porewater concentra.
Behavioral responses to risk promote vaccinating high‐contact individuals first

If COVID-19's reproduction number was constant, vaccinating elderly first minimized deaths. However, incorporating risk-driven behavior/policy changes enhances fit to data and prioritizes vaccinating high-contact individuals. Deaths grow exponentially until people are compelled to reduce contacts, stabilizing at levels obliging higher-contact groups to sufficiently cut interactions. Vaccinating those groups out of transmission saves lives and speeds everybody's return to normal life.
Loss of Factor H family proteins associates with meningococcal disease severity

Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease (MD), evades complement-mediated clearance upon infection by 'hijacking' the human complement regulator factor H (FH). The FH protein family also comprises the homologous FH-related (FHR) proteins, hypothesized to act as antagonists of FH, and FHR-3 has recently been implicated to play a major role in MD susceptibility. Here, we show that, next to FH and FHR-3, the circulating levels of all FH family proteins are equally decreased during pediatric MD. We did not observe a specific consumption of FH or FHR-3 by N. meningitidis during the first days of infection and the levels recovered over time. MD severity associated predominantly with a loss of FH. Strikingly, loss of FH and FHRs associated strongly with renal failure, suggesting insufficient protection of host tissue by the FH protein family. Retaining higher levels of FH family proteins may thus limit tissue injury during MD.
ADHD in adults with recurrent depression

Background: Depression is highly heterogeneous in its clinical presentation. Those with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at risk of a more chronic and impairing depression compared to those with depression alone according to studies of young people. However, no studies to date have examined ADHD in recurrently depressed adults in mid-life. Aims: To investigate ADHD in women in mid-life with a history of recurrent depression. Method: In a sample of women in mid-life (n=148) taken from a UK based prospective cohort of adults with a history of recurrent depression, we investigated the prevalence of ADHD and the association of ADHD with clinical features of depression. Results: 12.8% of the recurrently depressed women had elevated ADHD symptoms and 3.4% met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD. None of the women reported having a diagnosis of ADHD from a medical professional. ADHD was associated with earlier age of depression onset, higher depression associated impairment, a greater recurrence of depressive episodes and increased persistence of subthreshold depression symptoms over the study period, higher levels of irritability and increased risk of self-harm or suicide attempt. ADHD symptoms were associated with increased risk of hospitalisation and receiving non-first line antidepressant medication. Conclusions: Higher ADHD symptoms appear to index a worse clinical presentation for depression. Findings suggest that in women with early onset, impairing and recurrent depression, the possibility of underlying ADHD masked by depression needs to be considered.
The potential of increasing man-made air pollution to reduce rainfall over southern West Africa

Southern West Africa has one of the fastestgrowing populations worldwide. This has led to a higher water demand and lower air quality. Over the last 3 decades, most of the region has experienced decreasing rainfall during the little dry season (LDS; mid-July to end of August) and more recently also during the second rainy season (SRS; September–October), while trends during the first rainy season (FRS; mid-May to mid-July) are insignificant. Here we analyse spatio-temporal variations in precipitation, aerosol, radiation, cloud, and visibility observations from surface stations and from space to find indications for a potential contribution of anthropogenic air pollution to these rainfall trends. The proposed mechanism is that the dimming of incoming solar radiation by aerosol extinction contributes to reducing vertical instability and thus convective precipitation. To separate a potential aerosol influence from large-scale climatic drivers, a multilinear-regression model based on sea-surface temperature (SST) indices is used. During both LDS and SRS, weakly statistically significant but accelerating negative rainfall trends unrelated to known climatic factors are found. These are accompanied by a strong increase in pollution over the upstream tropical Atlantic caused by fire aerosol from Central Africa, particularly during the LDS. Over southern West Africa, no long-term aerosol records are available, inhibiting a direct quantification of the local manmade effect. However, significant decreases in horizontal visibility and incoming surface solar radiation are strong indicators for an increasing aerosol burden, in line with the hypothesized pollution impact on rainfall. The radiation trend is further enhanced by an increase in low-level cloudiness. The large spatial extent of potentially aerosol-related trends during the LDS is consistent with the stronger monsoon flow and less wet deposition during this season. Negligible aerosol impacts during the FRS are likely due to the high degree of convective organization, which makes rainfall less sensitive to surface radiation. The overall coherent picture and the accelerating trends – some of which are concealed by SST effects – should alarm policymakers in West Africa to prevent a further increase in air pollution as this could endanger water supply and food and energy production for a large and growing population.
Microsoft Word-liang_ion_v5.docx

The Copernicus Sentinel-1A/B satellites operating at C-band in TOPS mode bring unprecedented opportunities for measuring large-scale tectonic motions using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). While the ionospheric effects are only about one sixteenth of those at L-band, the measurement accuracy might still be degraded by long-wavelength signals due to the ionosphere. We implement the range split-spectrum method for correcting ionospheric effects in InSAR with C-band Sentinel-1 TOPS data. We perform InSAR time series analysis and evaluate these ionospheric effects using data acquired on both ascending (dusk-side of the Sentinel-1 dawn-dusk orbit) and descending (dawn-side) tracks over representative mid-latitude and low-latitude (geomagnetic latitude) areas. We find that the ionospheric effects are very strong for data acquired at low-latitudes on ascending tracks. For other cases, ionospheric effects are not strong or even negligible. Application of the range split-spectrum method, despite some implementation challenges, largely removes ionospheric effects and thus improves the InSAR time series analysis results.
Natural language processing for patient selection in phase I/II oncology clinical trials

Purpose Early discontinuation affects over one-third of patients enrolled in early-phase oncology clinical trials. Early discontinuation is deleterious both for the patient and for the study, by inflating its duration and associated costs. We aimed at predicting the successful screening and dose-limiting toxicity period completion (SSD) from automatic analysis of consultation reports. Materials and methods We retrieved the consultation reports of patients included in phase I and/or phase II oncology trials for any tumor type at Gustave Roussy, France. We designed a pre-processing pipeline that transformed free-text into numerical vectors and gathered them into semantic clusters. These document-based semantic vectors were then fed into a machine learning model that we trained to output a binary prediction of SSD status. Results Between September, 2012 and July, 2020, 56,924 consultation reports were used to build the dictionary, and 1,858 phase I/II inclusion reports were used to train (75%), validate (15%) and test (15%) a Random Forest model. Pre-processing could efficiently cluster words with semantic proximity. On the unseen test cohort of 264 consultation reports, the performances of the model reached: F1 score 0.80, recall 0.81 and AUC 0.88. Using this model, we could have reduced the screen fail rate (including DLT period) from 39.8% to 12.8% (RR=0.322, 95%CI[0.209-0.498], p<0.0001) within the test cohort. Most important semantic clusters for predictions comprised words related to hematological malignancies, anatomo-pathological features and laboratory and imaging interpretation. Conclusion Machine learning with semantic conservation is a promising tool to assist physicians in selecting patients prone to achieve SSD in early-phase oncology clinical trials.
EVALUATION OF CHANGE IN GENE EXPRESSION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN SOME EGYPTIAN WHEAT CULTIVARS UNDER SALINITY STRESS

Six Egyptian wheat cultivars were evaluated for their salt tolerance. The results revealed that different salt treatments had significant effects on all growth parameters (Shoots length, Roots length, Fresh weight and Dry weight). The cultivars Gemmiza-9, Giza-11 and Misr-1 revealed high tolerance against salinity stress for all parameters, as compared to the Giza-171, Sids-12 and Giza-168 cultivars. Furthermore, the Gemmiza-9 cultivar revealed the highest significantly activity of SOD and peroxidase where its SOD activity was 0.225 u/g which represent 1.97 multiplier for control (197%) and 0.321 u/g which represent 2.82 multiplier for control (281.58%), respectively and its peroxidase activity was 0.383 μmol mg-1 min-1 represent 1.42 multiplier for control (142%) and 0.43 μmol mg-1 min-1 represent 1.6 multiplier for control (159.85%), respectively. Followed by Giza-11 and Misr-1 showed relatively high SOD and peroxidase activity. While, Giza-171, Sids-12 and Giza-168 showed significant decrease in SOD and peroxidase activity with raising salinization level. Moreover, the gene expression of Gemmiza9 (high salt-tolerant cultivar) showed significantly higher for 1-pyrrolin-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), sodium hydrogen antiporter (TNHX1) and Salt Overly Sensitive (TaSOS1) with raising salinization level compared to Giza-171 (high saltsensitive cultivar) which showed significant decreased expressions of three genes with raising salinization level. These results confirmed that up-regulation of genes for proline accumulation and Na+ exclusion are related to salinity tolerance in wheat. This information will be beneficial for improvement of wheat cultivars for salinity tolerance.
Determinants of Anticoagulation Control in Patients Receiving Warfarin Therapy

Background: Warfarin, nowadays is considered one of the most prescribed anticoagulant medications. In England for example, there is at least 1% of the whole population being prescribed warfarin. Despite the emergence of new agents of anticoagulants like NOACS, warfarin still prevail in most prescriptions knowing that it can’t be substituted in certain indications. Objectives: To assess different factors associated with International Normalized Ratio (INR) control in patients who are on warfarin therapy for different indications. Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted in National Heart Institute Outpatient Anticoagulation Clinic over six-month period. It included 250 patients on warfarin therapy for different indications. Results: After calculating Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) of each patient the level of anticoagulation control was determined using the following cut off values: a) Good control: TTR>70%, b) Intermediate control: TTR 50 -70 %, c) Poor control: TTR <50%. Majority of patients in our study 62% had poor control with TTR less than 50%. Conclusion: Majority of patients have poor anticoagulation control by means of TTR. Male gender, higher education and employment status are associated with higher mean TTR and better anticoagulation control. Male gender and employment were significant predictors for good INR control.