Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmonella daarle and Salmonella hiduddify associated with acute gastroenteritis in piglets in India

The present study was conducted to investigate an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in an unorganized pig farm in the North Eastern Hilly Region of India. Fecal samples were collected from 20 pigs including 5 piglets, which were suffering from acute gastroenteritis and were processed for detection of E. coli, Salmonella , Clostridium sp. , Rotavirus , Picobirnavirus as well as parasitic eggs and larvae by standard laboratory techniques. Virulence genes for pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella were detected by specific PCR assays. A total of 77 E. coli were isolated, all of which were found to be negative for any putative virulence genes of STEC/VTEC, ETEC, EHEC and EPEC pathotype by PCR. A total of 5 salmonellae were also isolated from 5 affected piglets, of which 1 and 4 were recorded as Salmonella daarle and Salmonella hiduddify, respectively. All the Salmonellae were positive for enterotoxin ( stn ) and invasion ( invA ) genes by PCR. In conclusion it may be stated that this is the first report of S. daarle and S. hiduddify associated with piglet diarrhoea and also first report from India with any type of enteric infection in man and animals Microbes and Health, December 2016, 5(1): 1-3
Campanula rotundifolia L specie endangered with extinction, conserved through in vitro techniques.

It was followed the conservation of Campanula rotundifolia L. specie through in vitro multiplication, which from a sozologically is a part of the EN=endangered group of conservation (according to the last red list of the vascular plants), paleoendemic and Dacian geo-element with poor populations meet in the Carpathians. The explant of the initiation of the in vitro culture was a very young floral bud, detached from the recalled specie which after prior sterilization was cultivated on the basal medium according to SH + MS vitamins in simple variants without hormones (Mt and V1) and variants V2 up to V6, with different doses of auxin (AIB – 0,5-1,0mg/l) and cytokinins 2iP and BA (0,5, 1,5 și 2mg/l). After about 20-15 days from the in vitro incubation of the juvenile bud of Campanula, it regenerated only 2-12 plantlets/explant depending on the composition of the variant, but they were unrooted. The final observations were made only after 50 days of in vitro culture, following the percentage of regeneration, multiplication and rooting, the average number of plants and roots, and also the acclimatization capacity of the neoplantlets (Table 2). The best results were obtained on the mediums with BA: percentage of regeneration of 80-88% (depending on the concentration of BA), with multiplication of 83% and 92% rooting at the maximal concentration of BA (on V6). The other parameters gave the best results in the presence of BA too (V4, V4 and V6) but also on the mediums with 2iP, but they were inferior to the benzyl amino purine (BA). The plants are completely organized and conformed; with a high capacity of acclimatization, depending on the value of the Radicular System, and the acclimatization of the new plantlets at the place of origin of the specie ensures an ecological reconstruction of the area and the enrichment of the poor area in which the specie was found. We recommend the extension of Campanula rotundifolia L specie, paleoendemic and Dacian geo-element from the flora of Romania and its conservation in the protected areas from where it disappeared, but we also recommend its introduction within the architectural landscape spaces of the country’s mountain cities, National Parks and Botanical Gardens.
A molecular survey of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in central-eastern Europe

Abstract Central-eastern Europe is an endemic region for cystic echinococcosis where multiple species of intermediate hosts are commonly infected with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato tapeworms of major medical and veterinary importance. Investigations of the genetic variation of 25 Echinococcus isolates from five countries (Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland) were undertaken using three mitochondrial DNA markers. The 18 isolates from pigs derived from Slovakia and Ukraine and the four human isolates from Slovakia, Poland and Ukraine were identified as E. canadensis G 7, whereas the three human isolates from Romania and Hungary were classified as E. granulosus sensu stricto G1. This study reports the first confirmed human case of E. granulosus s.s. in Hungary. The haplotype G7A with two polymorphic sites relative to the most common regional variant of E. canadensis G7 was recorded in both pigs from Ukraine and in a single pig isolate from Slovakia. The results of this study support the circumstantial evidence that E. canadensis G7 with low infectivity for humans is highly prevalent in the northern parts of the region (Poland, Slovakia, forest-steppe zone of Ukraine), while infections with E. granulosus s.s. which are highly infectious for humans are more commonly encountered in Romania and Hungary.
Role of Lactobacillus helveticus on Flavor Formation in Cheese: Amino Acid Metabolism

Lactic acid bacteria, mainly lactobacilli, play an important role in cheese making. Their role can be divided into starters and non-starters or secondary microorganisms. Lactobacillus helveticus, an obligately homofermenter and thermophilic bacterium, has unique properties as a starter because of its ability to inducestrong impact on cheese flavor. The bacteria are known to be prototrophic for 5 amino acids and auxotrophic for 13 amino acids. It is interesting that the conversion of aromatic amino acids, branch chain amino acids, and methionine into volatile and nonvolatile compounds by L. helveticus is thought to represent the rate-limiting step in the formation of mature flavor and aroma in cheese. The addition of a highly autolytic L. helveticus to a starter system could significantly increase the formation of flavor precursor and some volatile compounds during cheese ripening. This article focuses on the contribution of L. helveticus to flavour compound formation in cheese with particular emphasis on amino acid metabolism.
Unravelling the bruising discoloration of Agaricus bisporus, the button mushroom

In this research the browning-discoloration caused by bruising of button mushrooms was analysed. Brown-discoloration of mushrooms can amongst others be caused by the picking and storage of mushrooms. Current day commercial hybrids can not be used for mechanical harvesting because mushrooms are sensitive for discoloration. Mechanical harvesting can be used to lower the production costs of mushrooms. To make this possible new hybrids should be available that have a higher tolerance for bruising-discoloration. To breed for new hybrids the cause of bruising-discoloration needs to be analysed. This was done by analysing the compounds (substrates) involved in brown-discoloration and to look at the genes involved. These genes code for the enzymes involved in the conversion of the substrates into the dark brown pigment melanin. The research was performed with commercial and wild strains and the offspring of a segregating population.
STUDY OF DYNAMIC AND PERMANENT INDENTATION OF LAMINATES SUBJECTED TO LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT

Composite materials are now being used in primary aircraft structures, particularly in helicopters, light aircrafts, commercial planes and sailplanes, because of their numerous advantages including low weight, high modulus and strengths and the possibility of manufacturing large integral shell structures. However, a well-known problem with composite laminates is their poor resistance to accidental impact by foreign objects. The resulting damage due to impacts, often in the form of delamination, matrix cracking and fiber failures, may severely reduce the structural strength and stability[1]. Therefore, considerable amount of research has been done in the area of impact of composite structures. The relationship between the indentation and impact energy has been studied by many investigators[2]. It is proved to be an effective method to evaluate the internal damage by observing the indentation. Laminated composite panels with BVID (Barely Visible Impact Damage) are required to endure the full DUL (Design Ultimate Load) in the strength criteria usually adopted in composite wing structure design in civil aviation. BVID primarily considers the depth of the permanent indentation. More exactly the depth of indentation after impact is measured, more accurate evaluation of composite can be made, which provides a reference to the design of composite structure. With the development of computer, many calculative methods were raised to study the formation of the indentation, which made it possible to gain an insight into the damage theory of composites. In the simulation of the impact, Hertzian contact law has been widely used to calculate the contact force between the impactor and the laminates. In 1977, C.T. Sun proposed a modified Hertzian contact law [3]. In 1981, Yang and Sun experimentally investigated indentation phenomena through static indentation tests on composite laminated specimens and they presented the experimental static indentation law[4]. In order to follow the approach, researchers needed to develop their own finite element method (FEM) program. Many new damage theories and analytical methods were established to simulate the damage evolution process during the impact. At present, the dynamic process of the indentation growth has been studied a lot by the simulation but rarely by experiment, because it was impossible to observe the details between the impactor and the laminates during impact test. Most contact laws are based on Hertzian/modified Hertzian contact law, which was generalized from the static indentation test. It is necessary to measure the dynamic changes of the indentation during the impact test to understand the damage evolution process better. In the present study, firstly, a simplified method was introduced to measure the thickness changes of the laminates at the impact point during the experiment. Secondly, a modified Hertzian contact law was raised based on the dynamic indentation. Thirdly, a calculative method was developed to predict the permanent indentation.
Case 3401 Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859 (Insecta, Coleoptera): proposed conservation

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9. 3 of the Code, is to conserve the name Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859 for a tenebrionid genus from the Neotropical Region. This name is a junior homonym of the unused name Delognatha Agassiz, 1846. Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859 has been used as valid since its description, while Delognatha Agassiz, 1846 has not been used as valid after it was established other than by two authors more than 150 years ago. It is proposed to conserve the name Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859 by suppression of the name Delognatha Agassiz, 1846.
Survival, growth, and morphology of blue king crabs: effect of ocean acidification decreases with exposure time: Towards a Broader Perspective on Ocean Acidification Research Part 2 A special issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science

&NA; Ocean acidification is an altering marine carbonate chemistry resulting in potential effects to marine life. In this study, we determine the effects of decreased pH on the morphology, growth, and survival of juvenile blue king crab, Paralithodes platypus. Crabs were reared at three pH levels: ambient (control, pH ˜8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5, for 1 year and monitored for morphological changes, survival, and growth. Exposure to seawater at pH 7.8 had no effect on morphology or mortality and had only a minor effect on growth compared with the ambient treatment. However, exposure to seawater at pH 7.5 substantially increased mortality and decreased growth compared with the ambient treatment. The best fit model of mortality rate at pH 7.5 showed an initially high mortality rate, which dropped to become comparable to the mortality rate in the other treatments. This suggests phenotypic variability or plasticity in juveniles and may indicate acclimation by blue king crab to ocean acidification. As such, blue king crab may have scope for evolutionary adaptation in response to gradually changing pH levels. However, effects on other life‐history stages, sub‐lethal effects, carryover or transgenerational effects, and interactions with other stressors, such as increased temperature, still need to be investigated.
Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Solar Based Vehicle Charging Station at Tribhuvan International Airport

This article proposes to install the solar panels at the parking areas without affecting to park the vehicle but to provide shade and safe to the vehicles. The energy from the panels can be used to charge the electric vehicles especially electric taxis at Tribhuvan International Airport. The proposed Solar Based Vehicle Charging Station primarily consists of total number of 1900 Solar Panels of 280 Watt/30 V. The system voltage of the Solar System is 600 V, hence there will be 20 nos of Solar panel in Series and 95 nos of Panel in Parallel. The total capacity of battery bank is 6000 AH with each bank of 3000 AH. Each bank consists of 300 nos of Rolls Lead acid cell with each cell 3000 AH/2V. The system consists of 30 junction boxes and 6 combiner boxes with microprocessor based intelligent one main control unit inclusive of Visual Display Unit. The charging mechanism of the controller is primarily MPPT technology. The Charging Station can handle 90 Vehicles at a time with the major priority to Solar Source at the time of sunshine. If adequate solar energy is not available, then the power is supplied through the Battery which is automatically transferred and switched by the ATS. The Solar based Vehicle charging station is found to be feasible as it shows the excellent IRR of 15.03% at discount rate of 12% with satisfactory Payback period of 7.74 years. The levelized Cost of Electricity is found to be Rs.19. 97/KWh.
Scan quality optimization for measuring Fiber-Metal-Laminates with X-Ray computed tomography

In this study, X-Ray computed tomography is used as an inspection method for Fiber-Metal-Laminates (FML) with an aluminum core and a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix. As the mechanical characteristics of thermoplastic based FML strongly depend on the quality of the interface between metal and laminate, it is important to particularly investigate this region. However, the aluminum core may cause beam-hardening artifacts, which reduce the image quality especially in high-resolution scans. Therefore, a parameter study was carried out using different combinations of metal filters out of aluminum and copper to find an efficient balance between artifact reduction and scan duration. The investigated FML-specimens are used for short-beam shear tests (SBS). The optimized parameters lead to a scan quality, which allows for a more detailed description of both matrix cracking and delamination at the interface between the aluminum core and the fiber-reinforced-polymers (FRPs). As a reference measurement of the FML specimens, we used a computed tomography scan acquired at the Synchrotron radiation facility SOLEIL.
Cave Stedocys spitting spiders illuminate the history of the Himalayas and southeast Asia

Stedocys spitting spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae) inhabit subterranean environments and have poor dispersal abilities. The Cenozoic Indian–Eurasian collision affected the regional biota of this genus, which occurs in parts of Indochina. Phylogeographical pattern of Stedocys based on multigene DNA sequence datasets reveals how tectonic history drove four biological splits. The first split dates to the late Paleocene–Eocene and involves the Truong Son Mountain Range and Mekong River. The other splits associate with the Eocene–Oligocene transition, including the Tonkin (Beibu) Gulf, the Ma River, and the Red River. These events indicate four early uplifts of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. Our results cannot reject the hypothesis that uplifting of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau region due to crustal thickening and the lateral extrusion of Indochina occurred synchronously during the Paleocene–Oligocene transition in reaction to the Indian–Eurasian collision. Species of Stedocys cluster into groups I and II. Their evolution involves one dispersal and four vicariance events, which formed the following five Indochinese clades: Hainan clade (I-1); western Yunnan and central Laos clade (I-2); central Vietnam clade (I-3); northern Vietnam and southwestern China clade (I-4); and Thailand clade (II-1). The lateral extrusion of Indochina is the driver of these events. The drifting of Hainan Island to its present location owes to its southeastern movement from continental Vietnam and Guangxi, China around the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. This biogeographical pattern highlights the significant role geography plays in shaping evolutionary history in southeastern Asia. It also illuminates the how the timing of geological events drives the distributions of species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Eficácia de ivermectina e albendazol contra nematódeos gastrintestinais em rebanho ovino naturalmente infectado no município de Palmas-TO, Brasil

The objective was to evaluate the anthelmintic effectiveness of ivermectin and albendazole in naturally infected sheep in Palmas/TO. 24 animals were divided into three groups: untreated (control), treated with 1% ivermectin and treated with 1,9% albendazole. It was made an evaluation pretreatment (control) and post-treatment (7, 14 and 21 days) and after of the count of eggs per gram of feces, was calculated the percentage of reduction (RCOF). It was observed that sheep treated with albendazole showed a significant RCOF (81.92%) from the 7th day after treatment, reaching 100% of control at 21 days. Already, in the group treated with ivermectin, the control begins to be effective 14 days (49.81%), but also occurred a reduction of 100% in 21 days. We conclude, therefore, that both drugs tested are effective for the helminth control in the studied property, does not suggest the occurrence of parasitic resistance.
Response variability and population coupling of cortical synaptic inputs are strongly influenced by network properties

The highly variable spiking of a cortical neuron is “coupled” to that of other neurons in the network. This has implications for sensory coding, and appears to represent a fundamental property of cortical sensory processing. To date, most studies of population coupling have focused on recorded spiking activity, an approach that suffers from several confounding issues. Moreover, the contributions of various network properties to population coupling are largely unexplored. To this end, we recorded the membrane potential (V) and the nearby LFP in the visual cortex of the turtle ex vivo wholebrain preparation during ongoing and visually-evoked activity. We used an algorithm to infer the excitatory conductance (g) from V, and calculated the g-LFP coupling. We found that g-LFP coupling was highly variable across neurons, and increased following visual stimulation before relaxing to intermediate values. To investigate the role of the network, we implemented a driven small-world network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. This model reproduces the large across-trial response variability and g-LFP coupling dynamic, and suggests crucial roles for anatomical and emergent network properties.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Diptera: Tephritidae), which is an economically damaging pest of pumpkin and turban squash. The 15,832-bp-long complete mitogenome of the species consists of a typical set of genes, with an arrangement typical of insects. Of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 12 have a typical ATN start codon, whereas the COI gene begins with TCG, which has been identified as the start codon for all Bactrocera COI genes. The 1004-bp A + T-rich region of B. depressa is the third longest, after B. minax and B. scutellata, of the Bactrocera species for which the whole mitogenome has been sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis using the 13 PCGs of Bactrocera species indicated that B. depressa is a sister to the sister group containing B. tau and B. cucurbitae with the highest nodal support (Bayesian posterior probability =1.0).
Inter-Subject Alignment of MEG Datasets at the Neural Representational Space

Pooling neural imaging data across subjects requires aligning the recordings that come from diﬀerent subjects. In magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings, sensors across subjects are poorly correlated both because of differences in the exact location of the sensors, and structural and functional diﬀerences in the brains. It is possible to achieve alignment by assuming that the same regions of diﬀerent brains correspond across subjects. However, this relies on both the assumption that brain anatomy and function are well correlated, and the strong assumptions that go into solving the inverse problem of source localization. In this paper, we investigated an alternative method that bypasses source-localization. Instead, it analyzes the sensor recordings themselves and aligns their temporal signatures across subjects. We used a multivariate approach, multi-set canonical correlation analysis (M-CCA), to transform individual subject data to a common neural representational space. We evaluated the robustness of this approach using a synthetic dataset where we had ground truth. We demonstrated that M-CCA performs better on an MEG dataset than a method that assumes perfect sensor correspondence and a method that applies source localization. Lastly, we described how the standard M-CCA algorithm could be further improved with a regularization term that incorporates spatial sensor information.
of Betula pendula

Summary. Although intact pollen grains are assumed to be the primary carrier of pollen allergens, specific immunoreactive components have been found in other aerosol fractions, e.g., starch grains and remains of tapetal cells Cryo-scanning-electron-microscopy results demonstrate the presence of a clear network of strands connecting the tapetum with the microspores. The distribution of protein in tapetal orbicules, pollen wall, and pollen cytoplasm was tested by histochemical stains for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The protein is mainly localized at the apertures and starch grains in the cytoplasm of pollen and in the core and on the surface of tapetal orbicules. Monoclonal antibodies Bv-10, BIP3, and BIP4 have been used to locate the cellular sites of pollen and tapetal allergens in Betula pendula (syn. B. verrucosa). The application of rapid-freeze fixation prevented relocation of allergens from their native sites. The allergens are predominantly found in the starch grains and to lesser extent in the exine. We also tested interactions between mature birch pollen and human fluids: saliva, nostrils fluid, and eyes solution. The aim was to mimic more closely the in vivo situation during allergenic response. In all cases we observed several pollen grains that were burst and had released their cytoplasmic contents. In the nose the allergens are released from the pollen within minutes. In rhinitis, nasal pH is increased from the normal pH 6.0 to 8.0. When we used nasal fluid at pH 8.0, the number of ruptured pollen grains increased. The mechanism that might induce formation of small allergen-bearing particles from living plant cells is discussed.