Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driving Type 2 Diabetes Risk Scores into Clinical Practice: Performance Analysis in Hospital Settings

Electronic health records and computational modelling have paved the way for the development of Type 2 Diabetes risk scores to identify subjects at high risk. Unfortunately, few risk scores have been externally validated, and their performance can be compromised when routine clinical data is used. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of well-established risk scores for Type 2 Diabetes using routinely collected clinical data and to quantify their impact on the decision making process of endocrinologists. We tested six risk models that have been validated in external cohorts, as opposed to model development, on electronic health records collected from 2008-2015 from a population of 10,730 subjects. Unavailable or missing data in electronic health records was imputed using an existing validated Bayesian Network. Risk scores were assessed on the basis of statistical performance to differentiate between subjects who developed diabetes and those who did not. Eight endocrinologists provided clinical recommendations based on the risk score output. Due to inaccuracies and discrepancies regarding the exact date of Type 2 Diabetes onset, 76 subjects from the initial population were eligible for the study. Risk scores were useful for identifying subjects who developed diabetes (Framingham risk score yielded a c-statistic of 85%), however, our findings suggest that electronic health records are not prepared to massively use this type of risk scores. Use of a Bayesian Network was key for completion of the risk estimation and did not affect the risk score calculation (p > 0.05). Risk score estimation did not have a significant effect on the clinical recommendation except for starting pharmacological treatment (p = 0.004) and dietary counselling (p = 0.039). Despite their potential use, electronic health records should be carefully analyzed before the massive use of Type 2 Diabetes risk scores for the identification of high-risk subjects, and subsequent targeting of preventive actions.
Significant others’ perspectives on person-centred information and communication technology in stroke rehabilitation – a grounded theory study

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to explore significant others’ perspectives on how information and communication technology can support the rehabilitation process after stroke and facilitate participation in everyday life. Method: Thirteen significant others were included in the study, and to capture their perspectives, two focus groups, and five individual interviews were carried out in Denmark and Sweden 6-12 months after the stroke incident. A grounded theory approach was used throughout the study and a constant comparative method was used in the analysis. Results: Five subcategories were identified from the analysis of the interviews: (1) Information and communication technology providing a sense of security, (2) Information and communication technology as a social mediator, (3) Information and communication technology as a compensator for deficits, (4) Information and communication technology as a way to reach information, and (5) Information and communication technology as a possibility to supplement the rehabilitation process. From these categories, one core category emerged: The potential of information and communication technology to facilitate participation in everyday life and thereby reduce the strains that significant others experience after stroke. Conclusion: Information and communication technology has the potential to facilitate participation in everyday life after stroke. It is important, therefore, to start using information and communication technology in the rehabilitation process after stroke, to bring meaning to everyday life and to support both the stroke survivors and their significant others. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Integration of information and communication technology in the rehabilitation process after stroke can accommodate several of the significant others´ needs. Educating stroke survivors to use information and communication technology as part of the rehabilitation process offloads their significant others. Integration of information and communication technology in the rehabilitation process after stroke can bring new meaning in everyday life and can facilitate both independence and participation in everyday life.
Navigating and negotiating: Social processes to describe and explain the student experience of undertaking part-time, taught study on a Master’s level degree course in dementia care

Post graduate education in dementia care is delivered by a number of academic institutions worldwide. Aimed primarily at people in advanced and specialised roles in health and social care, it is designed to develop the knowledge and skills to advance practice and lead to positive changes and benefits to people living with dementia and their social networks. However, undertaking Master’s level education can be challenging, particularly when this is undertaken alongside full-time work and family/domestic commitments. To illuminate this student experience further, this paper takes a case study approach to explore the experiences of three students who have successfully completed a Master’s programme in dementia care in the North West of England. Their individual and collective experiences highlight the challenges of juggling competing demands and the dynamic processes of navigating the student journey and continually negotiating supports in order to successfully complete the course. The study highlights important implications for the design and supportive structures within post graduate Master’s education in dementia care/studies, and potentially in other subject areas also, in order to support students’ transition to post graduate study.
The use of technology for mental healthcare delivery among older adults with depressive symptoms: A systematic literature review

Depression has been identified as the single largest contributor to poor health and functioning worldwide. Global estimates indicate that 4.4% of the world's population lives with depression, equating to about 322 million individuals. Research demonstrates that telehealth interventions (i.e. delivering therapy by phone or videoconferencing) have potential for improving mental health care among community-based older adults. This review analyses scholarly literature on telehealth interventions among older adults with depressive symptoms. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of peer-reviewed papers was conducted using the following key terms: telemedicine, telepsychogeriatrics, telepsychiatry, eHealth, mental health, depression, and geriatric. The review included nine articles examining telehealth for mental health care, published in English between 1946 and 26 September 2017. Telehealth for mental health care among older adults demonstrates a significant impact on health outcomes, including reduced emergency visits, hospital admissions, and depressive symptoms, as well as improved cognitive functioning. Positive or negative influences on the use of telehealth among older adults are identified. This review highlights keys aspects to consider in using telehealth interventions, including levels of education, cognitive function, and prior technology experience. The review highlights vital factors for designing interventions which aim to capitalize on the benefits of the use of telehealth for mental healthcare service delivery, especially in older adults with depressive symptoms.
A Review on the Corrosion Behaviour of Nanocoatings on Metallic Substrates

Growth in nanocoatings technology is moving towards implementing nanocoatings in many sectors of the industry due to their excellent abilities. Nanocoatings offer numerous advantages, including surface hardness, adhesive strength, long-term and/or high-temperature corrosion resistance, the enhancement of tribological properties, etc. In addition, nanocoatings can be applied in thinner and smoother thickness, which allows flexibility in equipment design, improved efficiency, lower fuel economy, lower carbon footprints, and lower maintenance and operating costs. Nanocoatings are utilised efficiently to reduce the effect of a corrosive environment. A nanocoating is a coating that either has constituents in the nanoscale, or is composed of layers that are less than 100 nm. The fine sizes of nanomaterials and the high density of their ground boundaries enable good adhesion and an excellent physical coverage of the coated surface. Yet, such fine properties might form active sites for corrosion attack. This paper reviews the corrosion behaviour of metallic, ceramic, and nanocomposite coatings on the surface of metallic substrates. It summarises the factors affecting the corrosion of these substrates, as well as the conditions where such coatings provided required protection.
Training in Endoscopy: Coaching, Deliberate Practice, and Reflection.

The very motivation to publish a study on this topic could serve to confound. For example, the development of new medical agents has led to retrospective studies to look at their effect on surgical outcomes. Therefore, although Mitsuya is a study mostly of preoperative anti-TNF use, there already are other studies published looking at newer biologics including vedolizumab and ustekinumab (12,13). Unfortunately, these studies often are not case-matched nor controlled for the preoperative predicators we have already learned especially anemia and nutritional status. Being mindful of the common clinical scenario alluded to above, it is likely that newer medical agents are often added when surgery otherwise would have been performed. Time for medical response is then given and it is those who do not respond that are booked for surgery. Clinical decompensation during this period of waiting could then confound any interpretation of adverse effect of the new medical agent. Therefore, in addition to surgical factors, center-to-center variation in preoperative care and decision making could also be most critical to the outcome. The findings in Mitsuya et al are reassuring that, in their hands, the surgical outcomes of pediatric IBD patients given antiTNF therapy preoperatively were not significantly different from those who are not given an anti-TNF. Perhaps, putting this in focus with the extant literature on this important clinical question should serve as a call to us to focus on the important preoperative risk factors we already know. In this way, we can maximize our patients’ outcomes while more rigorous, controlled, and hopefully prospective data are obtained.
Systemic immune-inflammation index is a promising noninvasive marker to predict survival of lung cancer

Background: The prognostic value of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in lung cancer has yet to be fully established. Methods: Relevant articles were obtained by performing a systematic search. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the relationship between SII index and overall survival (OS) in lung cancer; the OS was calculated from the time of cancer diagnosis to the date of death due to any cause or to the last date of follow-up. Results: In total, 2786 patients with lung cancer from 7 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The median thresholds to define high SII was 640 (range 395.4–1600) in the analyzed studies. The pooled HR for OS was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.54–2.00, P < .001), suggesting that the patients with a high SII score had a worse OS. In addition, results from subgroup meta-analysis showed the significant prognostic significance of SII in lung cancer. Especially, the predictive value of SII was significant in the multivariable model for NSCLC (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.69–2.25, P < .001; 5 studies, 1746 patients), and SCLC (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02–1.85, P < .001; 1 study, 919 patients). Conclusion: Our data suggest that high SII index indicates poor survival rate in lung cancer. Further researches are warranted to verify the significance of SII index in clinical practice.
Transfer of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated-RNAs Induces Drug Resistance in ALK-Translocated Lung Adenocarcinoma

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation is an actionable mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. Nonetheless tumour consists of heterogeneous cell subpopulations with diverse phenotypes and genotypes, and cancer cells can actively release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modulate the phenotype of other cells in the tumour microenvironment. We hypothesized that EVs derived from a drug-resistant subpopulation of cells could induce drug resistance in recipient cells. We have established ALK-translocated lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and subclones. The subclones have been characterized and the expression of EV-RNAs determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of EV transfer on drug resistance were examined in vitro. Serum EV-RNA was assayed serially in two patients prescribed ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI) treatment. We demonstrated that the EVs from an ALK-TKI-resistant subclone could induce drug resistance in the originally sensitive subclone. EV-RNA profiling revealed that miRNAs miR-21-5p and miR-486-3p, and lncRNAs MEG3 and XIST were differentially expressed in the EVs secreted by the resistant subclones. These circulating EV-RNA levels have been found to correlate with disease progression of EML4-ALK-translocated lung adenocarcinoma in patients prescribed ALK-TKI treatment. The results from this study suggest that EVs released by a drug-resistant subpopulation can induce drug resistance in other subpopulations and may sustain intratumoural heterogeneity.
MRI Quantitative T2* Mapping to Predict Dominant Composition of In Vitro Thrombus

Thirty-five thrombus analogs of different compositions were scanned with an MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping sequence. Two radiologists, blinded to thrombus composition, measured the thrombus-T2* relaxation time twice, at an interval of 2 weeks. Quantitative histologic evaluations of red blood cell content were performed. Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of the thrombus-T2* relaxation time was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping can reliably identify the thrombus red blood cell content in vitro. This fast, easy-to-use sequence could be implemented in routine practice. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping, which provides information about thrombus composition and specifically the red blood cell content, may be obtained in the setting of acute ischemic stroke before treatment. This could be useful to adapt the endovascular strategy. We aimed to analyze the red blood cell content of in vitro thrombi in relation to the thrombus-T2* relaxation time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five thrombus analogs of different compositions were scanned with an MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping sequence. Two radiologists, blinded to thrombus composition, measured the thrombus-T2* relaxation time twice at an interval of 2 weeks. Quantitative histologic evaluations of red blood cell content were performed. Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of the thrombus-T2* relaxation time was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. Finally, a Spearman product moment correlation between the thrombus-T2* relaxation time and red blood cell content was performed. RESULTS: The median thrombus-T2* relaxation time was 78.5 ms (range, 16–268 ms; interquartile range, 60.5 ms). The median red blood cell content was 55% (range, 0%–100%; interquartile range, 75%). Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of the thrombus-T2* relaxation time was excellent (>0.9). The Spearman rank correlation test found a significant inverse correlation between thrombus-T2* relaxation time and red blood cell content (ρ = −0.834, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping can reliably identify the thrombus red blood cell content in vitro. This fast, easy-to-use sequence could be implemented in routine practice to predict stroke etiology and adapt devices or techniques for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
A Self-Organized Unmanned Aerial Message Ferrying System

﻿Message Ferrying mit kontrollierter Mobilitat ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur effizienten und autonomen Erzeugung transienter Konnektivitat zwischen ansonsten nicht verbundenen Netzwerkknoten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen selbstorganisierten Algorithmus zur Mobilitatssteuerung einer UAV-basierten Datenfahre ohne Long-Range Signalisierung zu entwickeln und in einem realen System zu demonstrieren. Die Fahre kann durch den Nachrichtenaustausch mit einem Knoten lokales Wissen erwerben und entscheiden, welcher der nachste zu besuchende Knoten ist. Das als Grundlage fur diese Arbeit entwickelte Systemmodell reduziert die Komplexitat des Zustandsraumes eines Message Ferrying Netzes, indem Zustandsubergange nur nach einem Kontakt zwischen Knoten und Fahre entstehen konnen. Hierdurch wird ermoglicht, die optimale obere Grenze fur die Leistungsfahigkeit der Fahre zu identifizieren. Basierend auf diesen Untersuchungen schlagt diese Arbeit einen selbstorganisierten Algorithmus namens SOFCOM (Self-Organized Ferrying using Controlled Mobility) zur Fahren-Entscheidungsfindung vor. SOFCOM erlaubt nicht nur einen effizienten Transport gleichberechtigter Nachrichten, sondern auch eine feingranulare Berucksichtigung von Nachrichten- und Knotenprioritaten. Im Vergleich zu TSP-basierten Ansatzen zeigt sich, dass SOFCOM eine geringere durchschnittliche Nachrichtenverzogerung erzielen kann, obwohl nur lokale Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Detaillierte Untersuchungen der Fahrentrajektorien liefern Aufschluss uber emergente Eigenschaften des Algorithmus, wie z.B. die Imitation zyklischer Routen, Fairness beim Knotenbesuch, Reaktion auf Lastumschaltung und implizite Koordination mehrerer Fahren. Zur Validierung von SOFCOM im Auseneinsatz prasentiert diese Arbeit ein Testsystem namens SOFAR (Self-Organized Ferrying using Airborne Robots), welches aus 5 Netbooks und einem UAV besteht. Die zugrundeliegende UAV Plattform namens ARCADE (Airborne Robot for Communication and Autonomy in Disaster Environments) verfugt uber eine universelle, Linux-basierte Softwarearchitektur, die eine Implementierung verschiedener Funktionen in getrennten Adressraumen und auf verschiedenen CPU-Cores erlaubt. Outdoor-Experimente mit SOFAR zeigen, dass die reale Leistungsfahigkeit den Simulationsergebnissen vergleichbar nahe kommt, wobei Modellungenauigkeiten berucksichtig werden mussen.
The numerical assessment of motion strategies for integrated linear motor during starting of a free-piston engine generator

Free-piston engine generator (FPEG) provides a novel method for electrical power generation in hybrid electric vehicle applications with scarcely reported prototype development and testing. This paper is looking into the motion control strategy for motoring the FPEG during starting. There are two motion profiles investigated namely, trapezoidal velocity and Scurve velocity. Both motion profiles were investigated numerically and the results have shown that the S-curve motion can only achieve 80% of the stroke when operated at the proposed motoring speed of 10Hz.
The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017

We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and relations are well documented by existing data and which areas of inquiry are in need of further empirical evidence. An electronic literature search yielded a total of 1,278 relevant research articles published from 1940 through 2017. These were subjected to expert content analysis and standardized bibliometric analysis to classify research questions and relate these to (trends in) empirical approaches that characterize research on morality. We categorize the research questions addressed in this literature into five different themes and consider how empirical approaches within each of these themes have addressed psychological antecedents and implications of moral behavior. We conclude that some key features of theoretical questions relating to human morality are not systematically captured in empirical research and are in need of further investigation.
Balanced between order and disorder: a new phase in transcription elongation control and beyond

ABSTRACT We recently reported that the cyclin T1 histidine-rich domain creates a phase-separated environment to promote hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain and robust transcriptional elongation by P-TEFb. Here, we discuss this and several other recent discoveries to demonstrate that phase separation is important for controlling various aspects of transcription.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: resection with adjuvant hepatic artery infusion therapy vs resection alone. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a recurrence rate of up to 70% in 5 years after resection, detrimentally lowering survival. The role of adjuvant therapy remains controversial; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the disease‐free and overall survival of patients with HCC, not candidates for transplantation, undergoing resection and adjuvant hepatic artery infusion therapy vs resection alone. Our meta‐analysis showed that adjuvant HAIC improves overall and disease‐free survival after resection, especially in tumors ≥7 cm.
Development of Anti-Cancer Stem Cells as Theranostic Agents in the Treatment of Different Cancer Types: An Update

Various unprecedented anti-tumor potential targets that robustly target cancer cells while sparing normal cells have been produced by biomedical research in cancer therapeutic intervention for interrupting disease progression and their cure. Stem cells characterize an accessible cell source for novel cell based clinical therapies by inhibiting tumor progression signalling pathways. They carry distinctive characteristics of isolation and migration to tissue inflammation site, inherited modifiability and protein expression. Stem cells are also used in immune-reconstitution and tissue regeneration. Implication of different types of stem cells as an attractive candidate for targeted delivery of anti-neoplastic agents has emerged as a promising field in anticancer therapy. Mutual interaction between cancer cells and stem cells results in effective and safer clinical therapy for tumors. Keeping in view, this review highlights the potential role of stem cells in the progression of tumor metastasis and also summarizes the role of different signaling pathways in carcinogenesis and their involvement in disease treatment. It also focuses on the current advances in stem cells practice in therapeutics of cancer.
Some methodological issues on the review of pathologic lesions and conditions.

There are many pathologic conditions which occur in the maxillofacial region. Some are rare with only isolated case reports in the literature. In order to get a general picture of such lesions, it is common practice to gather information described in the literature, analyze the data, and write systematic reviews. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Automated, machine learning‐based, 3D echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular mass

Although 3D echocardiography (3DE) circumvents many limitations of 2D echocardiography by allowing direct measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass, it is seldom used in clinical practice due to time‐consuming analysis. A recently developed 3DE machine learning (ML) approach allows automated determination of LV mass. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of this new approach by comparing it to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) reference and to conventional 3DE volumetric analysis.