Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent ornamentation in the Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata

Avian species have developed a range of markers for transmitting information, among them ornamented plumage, behavioural patterns and conspicuous bill structures. Members of the marine subfamily Fraterculinae have some of the most visibly noticeable ornaments among seabirds, and some species have been recently found to possess fluorescent properties in seasonally acquired bill plates. We examined a member of this subfamily, the Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata, for fluorescence in the upper and lower mandibles as well as the namesake horn grown in preparation for mate selection. Fluorescence was noted primarily in the horn of adults, with greater variation present among individuals than between the sexes.
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery: Uses, Advantages, Complications and Cost

Time has witnessed a steady decline in invasive surgical procedures. Laparoscopic surgeries have gradually replaced traditional open surgeries due to lesser postoperative morbidity, shorter hospitalization, faster convalescence, and better cosmetic outcome. Taking a step further, laparoscopy and endoscopy have been brought together for an advanced surgical technique called Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). In NOTES, no scar is caused on the skin surface. The abdomen is approached through a natural orifice–mouth, anus, urethra or vagina and peritoneal cavity is accessed by puncturing a visceral organ. In this article, we have reviewed current applications of NOTES by explaining about post-operative pain, post-operative recovery time, duration of hospital stays, associated complications and cost. A literature search on NOTES was carried out in different search engines like PubMed, etc. We had searched for research articles on natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in the abdomen. Filters were applied as research articles from the past 5 years, full free text, and studies on human subjects only. Only those articles which provide us information on post-operative pain, postoperative recovery time, duration of hospital stay, associated complications and cost were selected. Trans anal route provides access for many colonic and rectal surgeries. TAMIS and TEM are two examples of local excision of rectal tumors. The transvaginal route also provides access to plenty of gastrointestinal and urologic surgeries. All NOTES procedures are advantageous compared to conventional laparoscopic surgeries. In most surgeries’ patient can be discharged after 1 to 3 days. NOTES have few complications like bleeding, a risk of perforation, sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinence but these are less frequent compared to conventional surgeries. NOTES is cost effective too. Key words: Natural orifice, Transluminal, Endoscopy, Notes, Transvagi
Alpha oscillation, criticality, and responsiveness in complex brain networks

Brains in sleep, anesthesia, and traumatic injury are characterized by significantly limited responsiveness to stimuli. Even during conscious wakefulness, responsiveness is highly dependent on on-going brain activity, specifically, of alpha oscillations (∼10Hz). However, despite many empirical studies, the ways in which specific alpha oscillations induce a large or small response to stimuli have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that the variety of responses to sensory stimuli result from the interaction between state-specific and transient alpha oscillations and stimuli. To justify this hypothesis, we simulated various alpha oscillations in the human brain network, modulating network criticality (a balanced state between order and disorder), and investigated specific alpha oscillation properties (instantaneous amplitude, phase, and global synchronization) that induce a large or small response. We found that near a critical state, a large, complex response is induced when a stimulus is given to globally desynchronized and low-amplitude alpha oscillations, and we also found specific phases of alpha oscillation that barely respond to stimuli. These results imply the presence of temporal windows in the alpha cycle for a large or small response to external stimuli, which is consistent with the periodic perceptual binding at alpha frequency found in empirical studies.
Attentional Residual Network for Necking Predictions in Hot Strip Mills

In hot strip mills, prediction of the necking width of the hot strip is a fundamental step in the hot strip mill process. However, owing to the large number and complexity of the variables involved, this prediction remains a challenging problem. In this article, we propose a deep neural model with an attentional residual network that combines an attentional network to calculate feature importance and a residual network to estimate the necking value. When a hot strip mill dataset from a South Korean steelmaking company was evaluated, the proposed model showed a higher performance than several machine-learning methods. Furthermore, the importance of the features selected by the attentional network outperformed those by other feature selection methods. Our approach is useful for necking predictions and can be applied to determine feature importance.
Comprehensive Optimization for Fatigue Loads of Wind Turbines in Complex-Terrain Wind Farms

In complex-terrain wind farms (WFs), a serious uneven distribution of fatigue loads increases the operation and maintenance cost of wind power generation. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive optimization for fatigue loads of wind turbine (WT) components. The optimization is performed at two levels: WT and WF. The central controller of WF redispatches the active power reference for each WT, and the local controller of WT is performed to appropriately reduce the generator speed. For WT level, a variance-based sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the effect of generator speed and active power on component fatigue loads. The analysis results show a high sensitivity of all fatigue loads of components to the generator speed, while the load sensitivity of blade (Mz) and tower (My) to active power is considerably high. For WF level, a novel Multi-objective adaptive Yin-Yang pair optimization algorithm is proposed to coordinatively optimize fatigue load distribution and active power dispatch. The Pareto Front of optimized fatigue load deviations is obtained for the target components, which correspond to a series of optimization solutions. Then, weighted analysis is employed to evaluate the optimal solutions, and the solution with the smallest weighted value is selected as the appropriate solution. Finally, the simulation test using the real data from the complex-terrain WF is conducted, and the comparison results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approaches.
First mitochondrial genome of the superfamily Choreutoidea and its phylogenetic implications

ABSTRACT Choreutoidea (metalmark moths) is a poorly known monotypic superfamily of Lepidoptera with 406 described species in 18 genera from two subfamilies (Brenthiinae and Choreutinae). The phylogenetic position of metalmark moths within the lepidopteran phylogeny has been controversial. For the present study, we sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Choreutis emplecta, the first representative from Choreutoidea. A common set of 37 mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, were identified in the 14,718-bp genome. The gene rearrangement of trnM-trnI-trnQ is also present in this genome. The genome size, base composition, secondary structures of RNA genes, and codon usages are similar to those of most lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 107 Lepidoptera species using the concatenated 13 PCGs deduced a similar topology between the Bayesian inference tree and the maximum likelihood tree. Most nodes in both phylogenetic trees confirm the current view of lepidopteran phylogeny. The Choreutoidea was demonstrated to be an early-diverging lineage of Apoditrysia.
Diffusion–influenced nucleation: a case study of oxygen precipitation in silicon

The classical theory of homogeneous nucleation is an interface–limited theory and does not strictly apply for transformations where long–range diffusion is dominant. A new approach that takes account of the coupled stochastic fluxes of interface attachment and long–range diffusion is presented. Steady–state nucleation rates can be orders of magnitude smaller and the induction times for time–dependent nucleation correspondingly larger than expected from the classical theory. In solute precipitation, the regions of the parent phase near subcritical precipitate clusters are enriched (rather than depleted) in solute. Oxygen precipitation in silicon is chosen to illustrate these features. Measured precipitate densities following multi–step anneals show better agreement with predictions from the coupled–flux model than with those from the classical theory. The kinetics of formation for small oxide clusters and the dependence of their population density on the initial oxygen concentration agree well with data for thermal donor defects.
Hierarchical Model Predictive Control of Grid-Connected Cascaded Multilevel Inverter

This article presents a hierarchical finite-set model predictive control (MPC) scheme to enable autonomous operation and self-balancing cascaded multilevel inverter. The proposed approach is an alternative to MPC scheme based on a generic cost function, which in some applications is ill fit or challenging to design. The proposed controller has a hierarchical framework to eliminate the overall cost function optimization and associated weight factor design stage of the control objectives. The control formulation approach allows for multiobjective optimization with a cost-tolerance framework. The concept is well suited to simplify the control design stage of cascaded H-bridge inverters at the grid-edge with advanced functionality. The control scheme achieves active and reactive power control with switching event reduction while equalizing power draw from the independent voltage sources. The latter of these objectives is made possible by the proposed hierarchical approach to the control objective tracking. The control is modularized for each phase, making the system robust to unbalanced grid conditions. The concept is explained in depth in simulation, and then tested experimentally on hardware.
Simultaneous kinetic spectrophotometric determination of isoniazid and hydrazine using H-point standard addition method

H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been suggested as a simple and selective method for simultaneous determination of isoniazid and hydrazine. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by isoniazid and hydrazine, and subsequent complex formation between the generated Cu(I) and neocuproine (Nc) provided the possibility for sensitive indirect simultaneous determination of isoniazid and its hydrolysis product - hydrazine. A difference in reduction rate of Cu(IΙ) with isoniazid and hydrazine was the basis of this method. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of isoniazid (1000-4000 ng mL -1 ) and hydrazine (150-900 ng mL -1 ).
Aerodynamic noise evaluation for Aeolian tone and acoustical insulating plate by similarity law

The objective of this research is to assess aerodynamic noise sources and the wind velocity conversion of the similarity law in an increasing wind velocity. We measured the aerodynamic noise that radiates from cylinders with and without periodic holes and a pantograph model with and without a sound insulating plate in a low-noise high-speed wind tunnel. The noise level of the cylinders was in proportion to the sixth power of wind velocity because the cylinders acted as a dipole sound source. The effect of noise reduction caused by the change in flow structure, that is, the periodic holes, also continued. However, the second peak noise radiating from the cylinder was in proportion to the sum of the sixth power and the eighth power of wind velocity and was underestimated by wind velocity conversion based on a dipole sound source. The noise level of the pantograph model with the sound insulating plate was in proportion to lower than the sixth power of wind velocity in contrast to the pantograph model itself. This is because the noise reduction effect of the sound insulating plate had a frequency characteristic. In this research, when increasing the wind velocity, the dominant pantograph noise frequency region shifted to a higher level, and the dominant noise level began to be affected by the noise reduction of the sound insulating plate. This caused the reduction effect of the sound insulating plate to be underestimated by 2.5 dB due to the noise level conversion of wind velocity. To solve this problem, the plate’s theoretical reduced noise level, which was calculated by using the Fresnel number, was subtracted from the estimated noise level of the pantograph itself. This lead to pantograph noise with the sound insulating plate being estimated within a 0.8-dB difference.
Parental sense of competence, resilience, and empathy in relation fathers’ responses to children’s negative emotions in the context of everyday paternal childrearing decisions

Abstract It is expected that children are going to respond with anger and resentment to some of their parents’ child rearing and disciplinary decisions. Parents may perceive intense emotional reactions by children as an “attack” on them, challenging their ability to provide a supportive parental thoughtful responses. The present study examines the role of parental sense of competence and parental resilience, as well as parental empathy and aggression in fathers’ reactions to children’s negative emotions (FRCNE) in the context of such parental decisions. Study 1, assessed the role of paternal competence and resilience in fathers’ reactions to their children’s negative emotions. Findings showed that both paternal competence and resilience were associated with less negative parental reaction such as punishment toward the child but not with more positive reaction like calming down the child. Extending Study 1, Study 2, examined whether paternal empathy and aggression would associate with paternal positive responses. Findings showed that paternal greater empathy was associated with fathers’ higher likelihood to respond positively to child frustrations. Considered together, the findings of the two studies suggest that the importance of both paternal resilience and empathy in addressing and managing children’s reactions to frustration. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Unraveling the Biochemical Base of Dahlia Flower Coloration

Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) exists in a dazzling array of cultivars, showing red, orange, magenta, lilac, yellow and white flower color, which is exclusively based on the presence of flavonoids and biochemically related compounds. Red hues (red, orange, magenta, lilac) are a result of anthocyanin accumulation in varying concentration and composition, while a yellow color is based on the formation of 6′-deoxychalcones in the petals. Red dahlia pigments are all derived from pelargonidin and cyanidin. Delphinidin derivatives are not formed due to the absence of flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase in dahlia petals, which provides an explanation for the lack of blue dahlia flowers. Orange, lilac and rose cultivars are characterized by a lower anthocyanin content compared to many red cultivars. We investigated 198 cultivars for the presence of flavonoid enzymes. The activities of chalcone isomerase (CHI), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FHT), flavone synthase II (FNSII), flavonol synthase (FLS) and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) were demonstrated in enzyme preparations of dahlia petals. CHI accepted 6′-hydroxychalcones as substrates, but did not catalyze the conversion of 6′-deoxychalcones to the corresponding flavanones. White cultivars were frequently characterized by the lack of DFR activity, whereas in many yellow cultivars neither FHT nor DFR activity could be shown.
Impedance and Noise of Passive and Active Dry EEG Electrodes: A Review

Dry electrodes are a promising solution for prolonged EEG signal acquisition, whereas wet electrodes may lose their signal quality in the same situation and require skin preparation for set-up. Here, we review the impedance and noise of passive and active dry EEG electrodes. In addition, we compare noise and input impedance of the EEG amplifiers. As there are multiple definitions of impedance in each EEG system, they are all first defined. Electrodes must be compatible with amplifiers to accurately record EEG signals. This implies that their impedance plays a significant role in amplifier compatibility and affects total input-referred noise. Therefore, we review the impedance and noise of state-of-the-art amplifiers and electrodes. Furthermore, we compare the various structures and materials used and their final impedance to that of wet electrodes. Finally, we compare state-of-the-art electrodes and amplifiers to the standards of the IFCN and IEC80601-2-26. We investigate bottlenecks and propose a guideline for future work on passive and active dry electrodes, as well as EEG amplifiers.
Demographic structure and genetic diversity of the endangered Bísaro pig: Evolution and current status

Bísaro pig, a local endangered swine breed, has gained popularity in the recent years. A complete pedigree was used to evaluate the population structure and investigate the current breed’s genetic variability in two reference populations (AlivePop and AliveBpop). Since the breed’s foundation, the number of registered animals, producers, and farrowing records has increased. The mean progeny size for sires was 116.17 ± 210.81, and 3.24% of the breeding boars originated 26.54% of all registered births showing a marked unbalanced use of certain sires. The mean calculated equivalent generations was 4.54, and 98.1% of all the animals had known parents, indicating a good degree of pedigree completion and depth. Approximately half of the individuals were inbred, with average inbreeding values of 10.41, 9.02, and 8.58% for the whole and reference populations, respectively. Considering both reference populations, a low effective founder/ancestor ratio was obtained (1.12), showing a well-balanced founder/ancestor contribution, and subsequent genetic transfer. However, the effective founder/founder ratio was particularly low (0.06 and 0.12) compared with other native breeds. The founder genome/effective founder ratios were 0.37 and 0.41 for AlivePop and AliveBpop. Contrarily to the whole population, the random genetic drift weighted significantly more than the drift due to unequal founder contribution in the reference populations. The effective population size based on the increase in coancestry ranged from 62.39 and 54.66, and 16.74 and 24.84 based on the increase of individual inbreeding, for the whole and reference populations. The genetic conservation index steadily grew over the years with a mean value of 6.53 for the whole pedigree. Genetic variability losses and diffuse structuring might have occurred in the Bísaro population. Notwithstanding, the recent genetic variability indicators seem positive, yet supported by an open herdbook policy. These characteristics must be taken into account to define future mating policies and selection programs.
Efficient technique for solution of the 2D buoyancy convection problems in vertical cylinders

Present paper examines the two forms of the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method in combination with the Polezhaev-Gryaznov (PG) vorticity boundary conditions (BC) algorithm for solving transport equations of buoyancy-induced circulation and heat transfer through Newtonian fluids in vertical cylinders. The equations were formulated in terms of the stream function, vorticity and temperature, and discretized using Central (CFD) or two forms of the Monotonic Conservative (MCFD-1 and MCFD-2) finite difference schemes of second order accuracy. The stream function equation is solved by two methods: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (for grid sizes of power of 2 in vertical direction) or by Evolutionary Factorization with Logarithmic time step marching (EFL) (for arbitrary mesh sizes). The domain has rigid bottom and lateral walls with rigid or free upper surfaces. Heat enters from below; cooling is at the top and the vertical wall is insulated. The system parameters are the aspect ratio (radius/height, a), Rayleigh number (Ra) and Prandtl number (Pr). The effect of the convection intensity on the numerical technique efficiency was analyzed based on two cases: the weak ( R 4 H 2,500 ) ( 2 10 Ra Ra    ) and strong ( R 5 H 12,500 ) ( 10 Ra Ra   ) natural convection. The Prandtl number (Pr) for the fluid was 7. The initial conditions for all unknowns at internal nodes were equal to zero. The choice of the vorticity BC algorithm is very important part of the numerical study. In order to clarify it four combinations of the numerical method and vorticity BC have been examined: 264 Fedir Pletnyov and Ayodeji A. Jeje ADI method (for both transient and steady state approaches) + PG vorticity BC; ADI method (for both transient and steady state approaches) + Woods vorticity BC; GS-RB (parallel) method + PG vorticity BC; GS-RB (parallel) method + Woods vorticity BC; The calculations showed that for ADI method with PG algorithm for vorticity BC gives 3-8 times lower CPU time than Woods algorithm does and ADI method in both combinations of the vorticity BC works better than GS-RB (parallel) method. Also the type of the ADI method has an influence on the CPU time and solution itself in almost all conducted cases of study. The implementation of the both forms of the ADI method with steady state approach gives better results with respect to CPU time comparing to the transient approach. The parallel ADI algorithm shows higher efficiency only for finer grids (grid sizes greater or equal 129x129). The discretization of the transport equations by MCFD-1 scheme works faster in almost all simulation runs: weak and strong convection, rigid and free upper surfaces.
Development of the Image-based Flight and Tree Measurement System in a Forest using a Drone

Drones have been used in many purposes for a long time. Especially, development of the automatic observation systems such as measurement using drones for the primary sector of industry have been frequently researched in recent years. The measurement of a tree growth in a forest is also one of the aim for a drone application. In this study, our aim is to develop the automatic measurement system for size of a tree in a forest. The difficulties are that a drone has to recognize trees, to construct a map of a forest and to measure the size of trees from a front camera. To overcome those difficulties, we propose that a drone recognizes trees based on single shot multibox detector (SSD), constructs a map from simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and measures a tree by structure from motion (SfM). Experimental results from the drone competition show that a drone has been able to recognize a tree and to fly safety.