Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating hyperspectral analysis and mineral chemistry for geoenvironmental prediction

Hyperspectral drill core scanning technology (e.g., CoreScan®), which uses visual nearinfrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), and longwave infrared (LWIR) data, is being increasingly used for geological domaining of ore deposits. Advantageously, this technology can identify carbonate-group minerals that can effectively neutralise many mine wastes. The chemistry of neutralising minerals in drill core can also be routinely analysed by multiple techniques (e.g., portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),) but hasn’t been integrated with hyperspectral data for deposit-scale geoenvironmental characterisation. In this study we integrate hyperspectral mineral data with a newly developed LAICP- MS line-scan method to characterise major and trace element chemistry of neutralising minerals in drill core. We demonstrate how this data can enable effective geoenvironmental domaining of ore deposits with examples from a porphyry Au-Cu deposit in Australia. We validate Corescan® data using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and a series of acid-base accounting tests to define geological domains with high and low acid neutralising capacity (ANC). The distribution and abundance of trace elements are defined in these domains using by LA-ICP-MS. A new geoenvironmental domaining index (GDI) is developed using Corescan® data, which can assist with deposit-wide characterisation. The rapid and cost-effectiveness of hyperspectral core scanning and LA-ICP-MS techniques makes them critical emerging technologies for routine geoenvironmental risk domaining using drill core. Here we emphasize that integrating these techniques potentially enables best practice ARD management at the beginning of the life-of-mine cycle by allowing early forecasting of the geoenvironmental properties of future wastes.
Concentration–discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments

Concentration–discharge relationships have been widely used as clues to the hydrochemical processes that control runoff chemistry. Here we examine concentration–discharge relationships for solutes produced primarily by mineral weathering in 59 geochemically diverse US catchments. We show that these catchments exhibit nearly chemostatic behaviour; their stream concentrations of weathering products such as Ca, Mg, Na, and Si typically vary by factors of only 3 to 20 while discharge varies by several orders of magnitude. Similar patterns are observed at the inter‐annual time scale. This behaviour implies that solute concentrations in stream water are not determined by simple dilution of a fixed solute flux by a variable flux of water, and that rates of solute production and/or mobilization must be nearly proportional to water fluxes, both on storm and inter‐annual timescales. We compared these catchments' concentration–discharge relationships to the predictions of several simple hydrological and geochemical models. Most of these models can be forced to approximately fit the observed concentration–discharge relationships, but often only by assuming unrealistic or internally inconsistent parameter values. We propose a new model that also fits the data and may be more robust. We suggest possible tests of the new model for future studies. The relative stability of concentration under widely varying discharge may help make aquatic environments habitable. It also implies that fluxes of weathering solutes in streams, and thus fluxes of alkalinity to the oceans, are determined primarily by water fluxes. Thus, hydrology may be a major driver of the ocean‐alkalinity feedback regulating climate change. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Business Decision Insight With Causal Bayesian Networks An investigation into the potential gains in the application of Causal Bayesian and Constraint Satisfaction Problem AI techniques to aid situational awareness and decision making processes for commercial business problems

Causal Bayesian Networks are a widely recognised tool for modelling the uncertainty of a wide range of processes, particularly when the nature of how different factors influence each other. The practice of utilising Causal Bayesian Network is now becoming a growing trend for business that want to fully understand the demands imposed on them, and how best to adapt their business in order to be successful. When designing and building a Causal Bayesian Network, it is often necessary to consult with domain experts for information about the shape of the model but also the definition of how the causal factors influence others. The definition of these influences can require the specification of a large volume of probability distributions, even if a lot of evidential data is available for analysis. Whilst the definition of the structure of the model can be a relatively simple task for a domain expert, providing the probability distributions is a much more difficult task. In this thesis I discuss a method whereby, given a model structure, a domain expert can provide simple descriptive meta-data so that a hypothetical probability distribution can be generated for the discrete model variables.
A Comparison between Integer Order and Non-integer Order Controllers Applied to a Water Levelling System

The purpose of this paper is to compare responses of two systems with two types of controllers: integer order PI controller and non-integer order PIλ controller (FOPI). Comparison is made on the grounds of time domain responses of waters level in tank. In order to design both of the controllers, numerical model is established and described. Synthesis method with use of simulated annealing optimisation method is developed for each controller. In order to do a correct comparison, the two control systems have the same designing parameters. Matlab/Simulink environment and numerical model are used to do the computing. Numerically designed controllers are verified experimentally with tank system. The obtained results show that using non-integer order PIλ controller instead of a ”traditional” PI controller in simple integrating systems is useless.
Table 2 : Firm and Sector Level Exchange Rate Exposure

This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the value of nonfinancial firms in Chile. Using a detailed dataset on firms’ foreign activities, the potential determinants of the identified exposure are examined. Foreign exchange exposure depends on the levels of foreign currency debt and foreign currency assets. Levels of tradeables (exports and imports) do not explain exposure. Chilean firms attempt real hedges through matching foreign assets and income with foreign debt. Also firms use debt and liquidity to reduce exposure in addition to any possible derivative usage. Other firm characteristics which proxy for corporate hedging are not significant. Further, using a portfolio approach, it is demonstrated that for an investor holding exposed firms, exchange rate variations yield economically significant returns during periods of currency depreciation and appreciation. How to quote or cite this document Hansen, S, Erwin and Hyde, Stuart. (2010). Determinants of Corporate Exchange Rate Exposure and Implications for Investors: Evidence from Chilean Firms. Manchester Business School Working Paper, Number 606, available: http://www.mbs. ac.uk/research/working-papers.aspx. Determinants of Corporate Exchange Rate Exposure and Implications for Investors: Evidence from Chilean Firms Erwin Hansen S∗ Manchester Business School Stuart Hyde† Manchester Business School
Standardization of the Ammonia Electrode Method for Evaluating Seafood Quality by Correlation to Sensory Analysis

Ammonia ion-selective electrode (ISE) measurements, reported as apparent ammonia, were correlated to expert sensory assessments of 6 different fish species stored on ice and at room temperature. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), and apparent ammonia showed the same development trend during storage. ISE measurements and TVB concentrations had a correlation of r 2 = 0.92. Sensory assessment, using a 1- to 100-mm line scale with values > 50 considered unacceptable, resulted in an r 2 between sensory scores and ISE measurements of 0.78. Regression analysis predicted 19.6 mg/100 g of apparent ammonia in fish tissue at the sensory limit of 50, regardless of storage conditions. ISE measurements could be used in predicting borderline quality and decomposition. Les methodes d'evaluation de la qualite des produits de la mer en analysant les composes representatifs de la fraicheur et de la decomposition sont complexes et cheres. La methode de l'electrode selective a l'ammoniac est rapide, facile a utiliser, ses performances ont ete validees. Cette etude evalue les correlations de ses resultats avec ceux d'analyses sensorielles realisees par des experts sur 6 especes de poisson stockes dans la glace ou a temperature ambiante. Les parametres etudies sont l'azote volatil, trimethylamine et ammoniac.
Taxol production by endophytic Fusarium solani LCPANCF 01 from Tylophora indica

Twenty five endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the roots of Tylophora indica (Burm. f) and screened for the presence of an anticancer drug, taxol. Among the 25 isolates, Fusarium solani LCPANCF01 was identified based on the micro morphology, cultural characteristics and sequence analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS4). Fusarium solani LCPANCF01 strain was grown in M1D liquid medium for 21 d and extracted with dichloromethane. The presence of taxol was confirmed by TLC, HPLC, UV, IR, and ESI-MS spectroscopy analysis by comparing with the standard drug.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Con fl ict between Shareholders

In recent years firms have greatly increased the amount of resources allocated to activities classified as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This increase in CSR expenditure may be consistent with firm value maximization if it is solely a response to changes in stakeholders’ preferences. However, we argue that insiders (managers and large blockholders) who are affiliated with the firm may want to over-invest in CSR for their private benefit since it improves their reputation as being good global citizens. We test this hypothesis by investigating the relation between firms’ CSR ratings and their ownership and capital structure. We employ a unique data set that categorizes the largest 3,000 US corporations to being either socially responsible or socially irresponsible. We find that insiders’ ownership and leverage are negatively related to the social rating of firms, while institutional ownership is uncorrelated with it. These results support our hypothesis that affiliated shareholders induce firms to over-invest in CSR when they don’t bear much of the cost associated with it. One of the most significant corporate trends of the last decade is the growth of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Definitions of CSR vary but generally refer to serving people, ∗Barnea, Finance division, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada. email: amir.barnea@sauder.ubc. ca. Rubin, Finance division, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. email: arubin@sfu.ca. We thank Ron Giammarino, Rob Heinkel, Alan Kraus, Kai Li, Chris Perignon, Ralph Winter and seminar participants at Concordia University, Imperial College, Lancaster University, McGill, Simon Fraser University, The University of British Columbia, University of Alberta, University of Colorado at Boulder, VU Amsterdam, Wilfrid Laurier University, the 2003 Finance and Accounting in Tel-Aviv conference and the 2004 NFA meetings for helpful comments. We want to express our deepest gratitude to Justin Bellew from KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. for providing us data. We also gratefully acknowledge the research support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
High Rate, Selective, and Stable Electroreduction of CO2 to CO in Basic and Neutral Media

The electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to chemicals such as carbon monoxide (CO) shows great potential for renewable fuel and chemical production. Significant progress in individual performance metrics such as reaction rate, selectivity, and stability has been achieved, yet the simultaneous achievement of each of these key metrics within a single system, and in a wide range of operating conditions, has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report a composite multilayered porous electrode consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene gas distribution layer, a conformal Ag catalyst, and a carbon current distributor. Separating the gas and current distribution functions provides endurance, and further reconstructing the catalyst to carbonate-derived Ag provides flexibility in terms of electrolyte. The resulting electrodes reduce CO2 to CO with a Faradaic efficiency over 90% at current densities above 150 mA/cm2, in both neutral and alkaline media for over 100 h of operation. This represents an important step towar.
Tumors in murine brains studied by grating-based phase contrast microtomography

Angiogenesis, i.e. the formation of vessels, is one of the key processes during tumor development. The newly formed vessels transport oxygen and nutrients from the healthy tissue to the tumor and gives tumor cells the possibility to replicate. The principle of anti-angiogenic therapy is to block angiogenic process in order to stop tumor growth. The aim of the present study is the investigation of murine glioma vascular architecture at early (7 days), intermediate (10 and 15 days) and late (23 days) stage of growth by means of grating-based phase contrast microtomography. We demonstrate that this technique yields premium contrast between healthy and cancerous parts of murine brain tissues.
Flood Inundation Mapping of Risk Zones in the Future Flood Events in Alfet River – Oued Al Abid Watershed – Using GIS Techniques and HEC-RAS Model

Despite the semi-arid to arid nature of its climate, Morocco is exposed, like all the Mediterranean countries, to floods which can be very damaging for public and private infrastructure and cause many victims. On Monday, August 10, 2015, following heavy rains, the water level of the Alfet river increase in a very remarkable way, causing severe flood which went through the village of Iminwargue (Azilal province). This flood has caused human life loses (5 deaths) and very serious material damage, including the destruction of 5 houses, and the collapse of two bridges over the Assif Ahansal river. This catastrophic event, led us to carry out a thorough study of the river Alfet watershed in order to establish a better understanding of its hydrological characteristics and how the inhabitants should react especially during intense rain periods. In this context, relying on a flow database and / or precipitation, a hydraulic simulation using the Hec-ras software was conducted to determine the extensive flooding in recurrences of 10, 50 and 100 years. The determination of flood levels help us to identify areas with a high risk to be affected for one century flood recurrence, and thereafter estimate the impacts in Iminwargue village.
cerevisiae, Candida albicans and on dormant and germinating spores

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Gr upSM Postsurgical Complications after Tavi Using First and Second-Generation Transcatheter Heart Valves

Aortic Valve Surgery | www.smgebooks. com Copyright  Haensig M.This book chapter is open access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited. Gr up SM Postsurgical Complications after Tavi Using First and Second-Generation Transcatheter Heart Valves
Fundamental Three Dimensional Modeling and Parameter Estimation of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst for Heavy Duty Trucks

Numerical investigation of the catalytic monolithic converter (Pt/Al2O3 in oxygen rich exhaust) during highly dynamic conditions is addressed. A fundamental model was developed to incorporate a qualitative description of this process. To quantitatively gain an accurate prediction of the exhaust gas composition kinetics steps of heterogeneous reactions over platinum were set up. A method to estimate and analyze the kinetic parameters of the mean field model from transient flow experiments by inverse modeling is proposed. These problems are known to be ill-conditioned and multimodal. Thus, indirect local optimization methods fail to give satisfactory solutions. To surmount this limitation, the use of a stochastic global optimization method, evolution strategy (ES), is presented. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the relative importance of each reaction in determining the conversion.
Slow sound in matter-wave dark soliton gases

We show the existence of slow propagating phonons in quasi one dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. The impurities are trapped inside the potential created by dark-soliton due to which the conditions to separate the three levels (qutrit), perfectly, has determined. We compute the phonon-soliton coupling and investigate the decay rates of the three level system. We derive the analytical expression of the linear susceptibility to demonstrate the phenomenon of acoustic induced transparency based on matter wave phononics. The dark-soliton qutrit with unique properties of transmission and dispersion revealing the possibility of slowing down the speed of acoustic pulse. Moreover, the present scheme could be proposed to analyze the diverse applications like quantum gates in the field of quantum information.
Plant regeneration of A. lakoocha from encapsulated nodal explants

One of the alternative methods adopted in recent ye ars is to use biotechnological approaches for impro ving the tree species. A proficient protocol for encapsulation of nodal segments of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb has bee n developed for plant regeneration through non-embryogenic synt hetic seeds. Concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride greatly affected morphology and texture en capsulating gel. 3 % sodium alginate with 100 mM Ca Cl 2 has been found to be best possible concentration for th e production of identical synthetic seeds. 25 days old in vivo plantlet of A. lakoocha was used for obtaining noda l segments, used in all experiments. Five experime nts were performed using MS medium (agar solidified and liqu id) supplemented with 1, 3 and 5 mg/l BAP. Concentr ation of 1 mg/l BAP was observed to be more effective for ac hieving highest regeneration frequency in compariso n to other concentration of BAP (3 and 5 mg/l). In third exper iment only different strength of MS medium was used , in last two experiments nodal segments prior encapsulation and encapsulated nodal segments were given pulse treatm ent with (IBA)for 48 hours and concentration of 3 mg/l BAP was observed to be most effective for synthetic se ed regeneration . Data were recorded after 4 weeks of culture.
A Comparison Between the Usage of Flat and Structured Game Trees for Move Evaluation in Hearthstone

Since the beginning of research in the field of Artificial Intelligence, games provide challenging problems for intelligent systems. Chess, a fully observable zero-sum game without randomness, was one of the first games investigated in detail. In 1997, nearly 50 years after the first paper about computers playing chess, the Deep Blue system won a six-game match against the chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov. A lot of other games with an even harder setup were investigated since then. For example, the multiplayer card game poker with hidden information and the game Go with an enormous amount of possible game states are still a challenging task. Recently developed Monte Carlo algorithms try to handle the complexity of such games and achieve significantly better results than other approaches have before. Monte Carlo algorithms use random sampling to estimate the value of game states. They are particularly successful in games where it is hard to define a utility function to calculate the value of game states directly and where random simulations are easy to execute. In this thesis, we investigate two different Monte Carlo approaches in the recently released card game Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft. This game combines various difficulties in game playing, like hidden information, randomness, and big game trees. Upper Confidence Bound approaches use the concept of bandits to represent moves shallowly in a game whereas Upper Confidence Bound Applied to Trees algorithms build structured trees to find the best move. We find that both algorithms perform well against different random players. Win rates of about 0.90 can be achieved with low simulation counts used in both algorithms. Using higher simulation counts lead to even higher win rates of about 0.98. The direct comparisons of both algorithms show an unclear result: UCB surpasses UCT when only few simulations are used. This results from not widely enough expanded move trees in the UCT algorithm. If more simulations are available, UCT gets better and better and surpasses UCB. In experiments with the highest simulation counts, UCB beats UCT again. We additionally find that both approaches have different weaknesses when they are applied to the game Hearthstone. These weaknesses result from the enormously high branching factor in Hearthstone and the way moves can be decomposed into atomic actions. To investigate the playing strength of both approaches better, we suggest evaluating the performance of other approaches based on rules or heuristics learned with reinforcement learning and experiment with enhancements for the UCB and the UCT algorithms.
On Exploiting the Oriented Epipolar Constraint in Epipolar Geometry Estimation via RANSAC

The efficiency of epipolar geometry estimation by RANSAC is improved by exploiting the oriented epipolar constraint. Performance evaluation shows that the enhancement leads up to a two-fold speed-up. The orientation test is trivial to implement, is universally applicable and takes negligible fraction of time compared to epipolar geometry computation.
Neem Leaf Utilization for Copper and Zinc Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

An adsorbent was developed from mature leaves of the Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree for removing copper and zinc from water. Adsorption was carried out in a batch process with several different concentrations of copper and zinc by varying pH. The uptake of metal was very fast initially, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. The data showed that optimum pH for efficient biosorption of copper and zinc by Neem leaves is5 and 4. Due to its outstanding zinc uptake capacity, the Neem tree was proved to be an excellent biomaterial for accumulating zinc from aqueous solutions.