Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of GDI engine flow structures

The benefits of the gasoline direct injection engine over the more traditional gasoline port-fuel injection engine are well known and include the ability to operate lean of stoichiometric for fuel efficiency improvements, reduced knock propensity and reduced unburned hydrocarbons during cold start and transients. Nevertheless, a number of key challenges still remain including cyclic variability, abnormal combustion phenomena and increased particulate emissions. Our progress in each of these challenges is intrinsically linked to our understanding of the flow field formed within the cylinder. This paper presents the development, validation and subsequent utilisation of a 3D-CFD gasoline direct injection engine model for making predictions of the in-cylinder flow field through the intake and compression strokes. An extensive validation exercise was completed using experimental data from a single cylinder optical research engine to validate both the intake runner, intake valve jet and in-cylinder flow fields. Validation results showed the model to generally compare well against experimental data including indicating data, intake runner velocities and flow momentum, valve jet and in-cylinder flow structures. Differences were identified in the timing of the detachment of the intake valve jet from the cylinder head and a subsequent reduction in effective flow area was hypothesised as contributing to an over prediction of the valve jet and in-cylinder flow velocities. A comparison of the spatial and temporal development of the in-cylinder flow field identified the model to well predict the flow structures through the intake and compression stroke. The model was then exercised with a view to evaluate the impact of solid boundaries on the spatial and temporal development of the in-cylinder flow structure. An analysis on the impact of using a pent-roof optical access window in research engines on the flow structure is also provided, indicating that significant asymmetry and additional recirculation zones in the corners of the access window should be considered when evaluating experimental results from a research engine of this configuration.
Using community conversation in the fight against HIV and AIDS

While promoting participatory communication approaches in the fight against HIV and AIDS and a myriad other problems continues, empirical research into its effects has been dismal. This study endeavoured to assess the impact community conversation (CC) in curbing the HIV and AIDS pandemic in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Data were collected from twenty-one participants, six facilitators and a coordinator of the CC project using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The study found that the selection of facilitators from the community; the willingness and their positive approach to the programme by participants, facilitators and Kebele administrators were the positive factors that contributed to the proper implementation of CCs. However, the overwhelming number of participants, some facilitators’ limited skills in moderating discussions, the absence of relevant stakeholders, overlapping of CCs with other programmes of the Kebeles, lack of follow up, and interference of Kebele administrators were found to be the major limitations to the success of the CC interventions. Key Words: Community Conversation, Participatory Communication, Alternative Media, HIV and AIDS
Enhancing the Separation of Enantiomers in Adsorbed Overlayers: A Monte Carlo Study

Abstract The influence of external factors on the chiral resolution of enantiomers in adsorbed overlayes has been especially interesting form the perspective of creation of chiral surfaces. Chiral segregation of this type can be induced or enhanced, for example, by an external unidirectional fields such as magnetic or electric field. To explore the effect of an external field on the 2D chiral resolution of model enentiomers we performed cannonical Monte Carlo simulations on a square lattice of equivalent adsorption sites. The adsorbed molecules which are sensitive to the external field, were assumed to consist of four identical segments and they were able to adopt four possible orientations on a square lattice. Shortrange segment-segment interactions limited to the nearest neighbours on the lattice were allowed to account for the intermolecular interactions. The calculations were performed for two exemplary molecular structures and the strength of the external field was gradually increased in each case. The preliminary results described herein demonstrate that continuously changed external fields can induce chiral resolution of enantiomers of appropriate geometry. The insights from this study can be useful in developing strategies for 2D chiral separations in which external stimuli are used.
First-principles study of an interfacial phase diagram in the V-doped WCCo system

We present a method of determining an interfacial phase diagram using density functional theory calculations for interface energetics. Cluster expansions based on these calculations are used in Monte Carlo simulations to obtain configurational free energies. The method is applied to study the segregation of V to the WC(0001)/Co interface and to construct the corresponding interface diagram, a “complexion” phase diagram. By CALPHADtype analysis for the adjoining bulk phases, a connection with real materials is made. We find that, in equilibrium, the interface contains a thin V-rich film for a wide range of temperatures and chemical potentials of V corresponding to V additions below the (V,W)Cx solubility limit. The results are compared with available experimental data, and implications of the strong segregation of V for the sintering process of V-doped WC-Co are discussed.
Visualising 'The Waste Land': Discovering a Praxis of Adaptation

This research examines the issues and visual processes that arise in the production ^ of self-representations derived from literary texts. The construction of a series of ft photographic and video installations drawing upon T. S Eliot's poem The Waste Land (1922) allowed for the exploration and analysis of how literature functions as a device to represent autobiographical experience within my media arts practice. The study considered the relevance and usage of the literary source in relation to specific adaptation procedures, in terms of what complexities were encountered and how these were understood.
Crowdsensing Based road risk-reducing framework

With the great rise of programmable smartphones, that are equipped with different cheap but powerful embedded sensors (such as GPS, accelerometer, microphone, camera and many more) and the fact that people, all over the world, are becoming inseparable with their smartphones. It is now possible for these sensors to monitor a diverse range of human activities and the surrounding environment. Crowdsensing is considered as a new paradigm that benefits from the ability of smartphones to sense, collect, and analyze data beyond the scale of what was previously possible. In this paper, we introduce a framework that can be used by authorities to encourage the public to participate in a crowd sensing initiative in order to reduce the risk caused by the deteriorated roads and the imprudent driving behavior on people's life.
The optimization of the parameters of the energy recovery device from vibration of a vehicle suspension

The paper presents the numerical optimization model of the energy recovery system from a suspension of a racing vehicle. The system is based on the recovery of energy lost in the classical solutions in the viscous damper. The suspension system should provide adequate comfort to a driver, while allowing recovery of the maximum amount of energy. The goal of the research is to draw general conclusions about the optimal parameters for similar systems. The parameters selection for the energy recovery system is a difficult task. For this reason, it has been decided to build a simulation model that allows the selection of the optimal parameters of the system. The fitness function of the model is the amount of energy recovered from the system. The amount of recovered energy should be as high as possible, while ensuring a good comfort for a driver, which is necessary, to recognize the result as valid. During the optimization each set of parameters has been simulated for different road profiles with different road surface quality. The model has been prepared for the racing car, but its universality allows for the selection of optimal parameters of energy recovery system for other vehicles.
Marked recent increases of colonial scaled chrysophytes in boreal lakes: implications for the management of taste and odour events

SUMMARY 1. Lake managers suspect that taste and odour-causing algal blooms are increasing in frequency and intensity, although long-term monitoring records are scarce, and a number of critical scientific and management questions remain unanswered. 2. In nutrient-poor lakes and reservoirs, these events are caused primarily by sporadic outbreaks of some chrysophyte algae, which leave identifiable markers in lake sediments. We examine the siliceous remains of these organisms in more than fifty boreal lakes at broad temporal and spatial scales. 3. Colonial scaled chrysophytes, including the taste and odour-causing Synura petersenii, have increased markedly in more that 90% of the lakes examined since pre-industrial times. 4. Detailed stratigraphic analyses of two lakes show a rise in the abundance of colonial taxa in the 1930s to 1950s, with a sharp increase over the past two decades. 5. An examination of biogenic silica and biological ratios in Crosson Lake, Ontario, Canada, indicate that these changes represent true increases in the absolute abundance of colonial chrysophytes. 6. Rapid increases over the past two decades indicate that these trends are the result of one or more anthropogenic stressors that are operating at a broad, regional scale.
Analysis of Microbial Populations and Metabolism of Anthocyanins by Mice Gut Microflora Fed with Blackberry Powder

Blackberries contain non-nutritive phytochemicals which are abundant in berry fruits. Among these chemicals, anthocyanins are responsible for the bright colors seen in many fruits and plant as well as have potential health properties against chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Therefore, two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were adopted to evaluate metabolism rate by cecal microflora which were acquired from four treatments 1) lean control (L-CTL), 2) obese control (O-CTL), 3) aged blackberries supplemented at 10% (w/w) (O-AB10), and 4) fresh blackberries supplemented at 10% (w/w) (OFB10). Furthermore, a non-culture based technique; polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-based DGGE) and further sequencing were performed to identify microbial populations. There were differences in the metabolism rates of two anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside) between two control groups and two treatment groups while no differences were shown within two control groups. The sequencing results based on DGGE represented that Lachnospiraceae bacteria found predominantly in blackberry treatment mice, Lactobacillus johnsonii was dominant species in both control and treatment groups. Bifodobacterium pseudolongum was identified in only obese control samples. In conclusion, differences in diets and body phenotype can have an effect on gut microflora and subsequently affect the metabolism rate of anthocyanins. Also, blackberry treatment groups demonstrated a more rapid anthocyanin degradation rate than the un-adapted control groups.
Peritraumatic Dissociation and PTSD: a Shortcut to Neurodegeneration?

Background: Peritraumatic dissociation has become increasingly important for both the diagnosis and the prognosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Changes in inflammatory mediators, immune-related genes and alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis are suggestive findings that support the role of stress and neurodegeneration that might result in negative cognitive outcomes, such as dementia and other comorbidities. This study aims to describe an ASD case with persistent peritraumatic dissociation, its evolution to PTSD and the concomitant early onset demential syndrome. Methods and Findings: The patient, a woman, victim of urban violence, experienced peritraumatic dissociation; she was diagnosed with ASD and later developed PTSD and concomitant EOD, the latter being an unexpected and devastating outcome. Dissociative symptoms and cognitive impairment persisted throughout the patient’s clinical status evolution. Moreover, the patient underwent a full psychiatric interview and was assessed through a battery of neuropsychological tests, neuroimage studies and a complementary examination. Over two years, no proposed treatment was satisfactory for improving her symptoms of PSTD and the neuropsychological evaluation confirmed EOD. Conclusion: This case illustrates that peritraumatic and persistent dissociation can be a possible psychopathological marker of neurodegeneration and an important factor for causing irreversible functional impairment.
Serum Zinc Concentrations in Cystic Fibrosis Patients With Ages Above Four Years : A cross-sectional evaluation

Aim: Assess the risk of zinc (Zn) deficiency in the older cystic fibrosis (CF) population. Method: Cross sectional investigation of all CF patients above the age of 4 followed at the Ghent university centre between 2002 and 2003. Data on age, weight and height z-score, pancreatic and pulmonary functions, chronic pseudomonas infection and CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations were collected. Serum Zn, vitamin A, E, retinol binding protein (RBP), albumin, sedimentation rate, total IgG and cholesterol were determined. Serum Zn was compared with a local healthy control group (1) and with literature data (3). Results: 101 patients (median age 16 years) were included. There was no difference in serum Zn concentration between CF patients and controls. In CF patients no difference in serum Zn concentration between pancreatic sufficient or insufficient patients was seen. Serum Zn was not associated to nutritional status or height Z-score. A significant association serum Zn to serum albumin (p< 0.0005) and to vitamin A (p< 0.01) was seen. No associations of serum Zn to serum vitamin E, RBP, cholesterol or CFTR were present. There is a significant association serum Zn forced vital capacity (p<0.01). Serum Zn was not associated to inflammatory parameters or chronic pseudomonas infection. Conclusion: Comparison of CF patients with local controls revealed no significant differences. However, since persisting steatorrhoea increases Zn loss (2) and 12.6% of our population has a serum Zn below the P 2.5 value of the NHANES II study (3), there could remain an increased risk of Zn deficiency in some CF patients. Further on the association with pulmonary function needs more investigation.
Dynamic stability of non-dilute fiber shear suspensions

Temporal stability analysis of fiber suspended shear flow is performed. After in-troducing the second order structure tensor to determine the Folgar-Tucker in-ter-fiber interactions based on the Langevin's equation, a system governing the flow stability is derived in conjunction with the fiber orientation closure. Effect of the inter-fiber interactions on the dynamic stability is studied by solving the gen-eral eigenvalue problem. Results show that fiber interaction has significant stabi-lizing effects on the flow. The most unstable wave number changes with the inte-raction coefficient. For given interaction coefficient, wave number and other re-levant parameters, there is a Re number which corresponds to the critical flow. This Re number is related to the wave number.
Planar segmentation of range images

Range images are images that store at each pixel the distance between the sensor and a particular point in the observed scene, instead of the colour information. They provide a convenient storage format for 3-D point cloud information captured from a single point of view. Range image segmentation is the process of grouping the pixels of a range image into regions of points that belong to the same surface. Segmentations are useful for many applications that require higherlevel information, and with range images they also represent a significant step towards complete scene reconstruction. This study considers the segmentation of range images into planar surfaces. It discusses the theory and also implements and evaluates some current approaches found in the literature. The study then develops a new approach based on the theory of graph cut optimization which has been successfully applied to various other image processing tasks but, according to a search of the literature, has otherwise not been used to attempt segmenting range images. This new approach is notable for its strong guarantees in optimizing a specific energy function which has a rigorous theoretical underpinning for handling noise in images. It proves to be very robust to noise and also different values of the few parameters that need to be trained. Results are evaluated in a quantitative manner using a standard evaluation framework and datasets that allow us to compare against various other approaches found in the literature. We find that our approach delivers results that are competitive when compared to the current state-of-the-art, and can easily be applied to images captured with different techniques that present varying noise and processing challenges.
Prevalence and characterization of carbapenemase producing isolates of Enterobacteriaceae obtained from clinical and environmental samples: Efflux pump inhibitor study

The present study was undertaken to screen for carbapenem resistance and the ability of efflux pump inhibitors to inhibit this resistance in enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from clinical specimens from patients attending Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) hospital and water samples in and around Puducherry. A total of 425 carbapenem resistant isolates from clinical samples were studied by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Two hundred and forty eight (248) strains were positive for metallo beta lactamase in the double disk synergy test (DDST) and 264 strains were positive for modified Hodge test (MHT). Multiplex PCR assays revealed that 262 of the 425 strains harboured blaNDM-1 gene. Efflux pump inhibitory activity of Phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN) was detected for these strains. This study demonstrates that, 30 strains out of 163 blaNDM-1 negative strains were found to exhibit efflux pump activity. This study brings out the fact that such carbapenem resistant strains are limited only to clinical samples and not found in water samples in and around Puducherry. Key words: Enterobacteriaceae, blaNDM-1, Efflux pump, carbapenem resistance.
Finding Default Barrier and Optimal Cutoff Rate in KMV Structural Model based on the best Ranking of Companies

According to the adverse consequences that are brought by financial distress for companies, economy and financial –monetary institutions, the use of methods that can predict the occurrence of financial failure and prevent the loss of wealth is of great importance. The major models of credit risk assessment are based on retrospective information and using the methods which use the updated market data for prediction of the probability of default can lead to the increase of the reliability of results. The purpose of this study is to obtain optimal default barrier in KMV model by using an approach based on genetic algorithm and compare the performance of the proposed model to KMV model. Research data included all data of listed companies in the Tehran stock exchange that were bankrupted from 2009 to 2014 according to the article 141 of the commercial code. In total, 25 companies were considered as distressed companies and 50 non-bankrupted companies were also selected as the control group and then results of the two models were compared. The study results showed that the performance of the presented model in prediction of bankruptcy and separating distressed from non-distressed companies is better than KMV model. At the end, the optimal cut off rate was calculated to determine whether a specific company will be bankrupt or healthy according to its probability of default. The results showed that the calculated optimal value led to 80% correct prediction in 2015.
Numerical Computations of Radial Vibrations of Axially Polarized Piezoelectric Circular Cylinder

Influence of the initial stresses on the frequency equation and the natural frequencies for radial vibrations of axially polarized piezoelectric circular cylinder have been taken into account. The mechanical boundary conditions correspond to those of stress free lateral surfaces while the electrical boundary conditions correspond to those of open and short circuit are considered. The satisfaction of the boundary conditions lead to the frequency equation, in the form of determinant involving Bessel functions, have been taken into consideration. The roots of the frequency equations give the values of the characteristic circular frequency parameters of the first three modes for various geometries. These roots are numerically computed and programmed for numerical evaluation by ''Bisection Method Iterations Technique (BMIT)'' and presented graphically for various thickness of the circular cylinder and for different values of the initial stress. The effect of the initial stress on the natural frequencies are illustrated graphically for a transversely isotropic piezoelectric martial PZT? 4 circular cylinder. It is found that both the thickness of the circular cylinder and the initial stress have a substantial effect on the dispersion behavior. The results obtained in this paper may be applied to the vibrations of annular accelerometers operating in the radial shear mode. Also, they have theoretical basis application and have meaningful design for piezoelectric probes and electro-acoustic devices in the nondestructive evaluation. Keywords : Piezoelectricity, frequency equation, Transverse surface waves, Initial stress, Hexagonal crystals.
RE-ILLUSTRATION AND REVISED TAXONOMY FOR SELECTED DEEP- SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS

In this article we present new illustrations together with updated taxonomic, biostratigraphic and paleoecological coverage for 36 deep-water benthic foraminiferal species, including ten holotypes, four paratypes, three syntypes, and one lectotype from collections at The Natural History Museum, London, the Smithsonian Institution, and Krakow University. High-resolution digital photography and an image manipulation application were used to produce completely focused colour composite images of these taxa. These images represent the closest representation of what the micropalaeontologist actually ‘sees’ through the microscope during the species-identification process. We focus on selected agglutinated and calcareous taxa that are of stratigraphical and/or paleoecological significance for ODP/IODP studies to highlight morphologic features, such as wall texture, grain and cement composition, test colour and opacity, shape of sutures, chamber arrangement, and inner structure including early ontogenic stages. These features represent important taxonomic criteria that are not readily detectable in SEM illustrations or conventional light photomicrographs.