Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening tomato varietal resistance against the two-spotted spider mite [Tetranychus urticae (Koch)]

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of several crops, particularly tomato. Chemical control of the spider mite on this vegetable has not been very successful due to its rapid development of resistance to acaricides and insecticides. Tetranychus urticae performs differentially among tomato varieties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant features (the density of non-glandular and glandular trichomes) of seven tomato varieties and the survival, development, oviposition and life table parameters of T. urticae on each variety. In addition, the current study was intended to establish the relationships between damage caused by the mites and the mite population level on different tomato varieties. We used one variety, Beaufort, derived from a cross between the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites Knapp & Spooner and the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. , and six cultivated varieties: Beril, Bt-236, Impala, Simena, Troy and Y-67. The study revealed that when T. urticae fed on the Beaufort tomato variety, the demographic parameters [rm (0.121), Ro (5.79) and GRR (5.79)] were lower than when the mite fed on the other varieties. Additionally, the mite population level on the Beaufort variety was significantly lower compared with those on other tomato varieties. Moreover, the lowest mite survival rate was observed on the Beaufort variety. The densities of non-glandular (Type V) and glandular trichomes (Types IV, VI) on this variety were significantly higher than on the others. The variety’s tolerance to mite damage was also found to be higher compared to other varieties. According to the life table parameters, population levels and rates of damage from T. urticae, the tomato variety Y-67 was found to be very susceptible to the mite. Also, the densities of non-glandular (Type V) and glandular (Type VI) trichomes in the susceptible variety were determined to be lower than in the Beaufort and some cultivated varieties. Variety Bt-236 was very similar to Beaufort in terms of the survival rates, damage rates and the density of Type VI glandular trichome on the leaf surface. The damage rate per female mite was highest on Y-67, intermediate on Simena, Troy and Beril, and lowest on the Beaufort, Impala and Bt-236 varieties.
ISAR Imaging of Nonuniformly Rotating Targets With Low SNR Based on Coherently Integrated Nonuniform Trilinear Autocorrelation Function

In this letter, considering the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of nonuniformly rotating targets under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, an effective ISAR imaging algorithm based on the coherently integrated nonuniform trilinear autocorrelation function (CINTAF) is proposed. Because the definition of a nonuniform trilinear autocorrelation function (NTAF) which enables a coherent accumulation of the signal energy in both the time and lag-time domains, the proposed method has a significant antinoise performance improvement in comparison with other algorithms, while the computational complexity remains similar. The effectiveness and superiority of this new method have been demonstrated through several simulation results.
Liquid-Cooling System of an Aircraft Compression Ignition Engine: A CFD Analysis

The present work deals with an analysis of the cooling system for a two-stroke aircraft engine with compression ignition. This analysis is carried out by means of a 3D finite-volume RANS equations solver with k- ϵ closure. Three different cooling system geometries are critically compared with a discussion on the capabilities and limitations of each technical solution. A first configuration of such a system is considered and analyzed by evaluating the pressure loss across the system as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate. Moreover, the velocity and vorticity patterns are analyzed to highlight the features of the flow structure. Thermal effects on the engine structure are also taken into account and the cooling system performance is assessed as a function of both the inlet mass-flow rate and the cylinder jackets temperatures. Then, by considering the main thermo-fluid dynamics features obtained in the case of the first configuration, two geometrical modifications are proposed to improve the efficiency of the system. As regards the first modification, the fluid intake is split in two manifolds by keeping the same total mass-flow rate. As regards the second configuration, a new single-inlet geometry is designed by inserting restrictions and enlargements within the cooling system to constrain the coolant flow through the cylinder jackets and by moving downstream the outflow section. It is shown that the second geometry modification achieves the best performances by improving the overall transferred heat of about 20% with respect to the first one, while keeping the three cylinders only slightly unevenly cooled. However, an increase of the flow characteristic loads occurs due to the geometrical restrictions and enlargements of the cooling system.
Trust and loyalty in online brand communities

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of brand trust and online brand community (OBC) trust on consumer repurchase intention and the positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) intention of OBC members. ,The research model was assessed using data from a sample of 628 OBC users using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). ,The results show that brand trust positively affects repurchase intention and positive eWOM intention, both directly and indirectly through OBC trust. The total effect of brand trust on the results is greater than that of OBC trust. ,This research contributes to marketing theory and practice by analysing the combined effect of OBC trust and brand trust on the consumer–brand relationship in the context of OBCs. ,El objetivo de esta investigacion es analizar los efectos de la confianza en la marca y la confianza en la comunidad online de marca en la intencion de los miembros de la comunidad de recomprar dicha marca y de hablar bien electronicamente (eWOM) sobre la misma. ,El modelo de investigacion fue evaluado usando datos de una muestra de 628 usuarios de comunidades online de marca, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por el metodo de minimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). ,Los resultados muestran que la confianza en la marca afecta positivamente a la intencion de recompra y al eWOM positivo, directa e indirectamente a traves de la confianza en la comunidad. El efecto total de la confianza en la marca es mayor que el de la confianza en la comunidad. ,Esta investigacion contribuye a la teoria y practica del marketing al analizar el efecto combinado de la confianza en la marca y en la comunidad online de marca, en las relaciones consumidor-marca.
How Many Habitats do Landscapes Contain

The successful integration of theories of habitat selection into landscape ecology depends upon the proper identification of habitat. Habitats must be distinguished at appropriate spatial scales, and evidence must be provided that individuals recognize and respond to the habitat classification. We use evolutionary theories to document how density- dependent habitat selection and habitat variation can be applied to identify habitats in landscapes. We apply our protocol to small-mammal (Clethrionomys gapperi) populations across a series of repeated landscapes in the Hudson Bay Lowland of Ontario, Canada. We postulated initially that the landscapes were composed of two easily distinguishable habitats, but our protocol demonstrated three habitat types influencing density-dependent habitat selection by C. gapperi. The third habitat has profound implications for population regu- lation in the lowland and highlights the importance of proper habitat identification.
Agrobacterium-mediated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) transformation using green fluorescent protein as a visual marker and sequence analysis of the T-DNA∝barley genomic DNA junctions

Summary Agrobacterium-mediated barley transformation promises many advantages compared to alternative gene transfer methods, but has so far been established in only a few laboratories. We describe a protocol that facilitates rapid establishment and optimisation of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for barley by instant monitoring of the transformation success. The synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfpS65T) reporter gene was introduced in combination with the hpt selectable marker gene into immature embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGLO harboring binary vector pYF133. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a non-destructive visual marker allowed us to identify single-cell recipients of T-DNA at an early stage, track their fate and evaluate factors that affect T-DNA delivery. GFP screening was combined with a low level hygromycin selection. Consequently, transgenic plantlets ready to transfer to soil were obtained within 50 days of explant culture. Southern blot- and progeny segregation analyses revealed a single copy T-DNA insert in more than half of the transgenic barley plants. T-DNA/barley genomic DNA junctions were amplified and sequenced. The right T-DNA ends were highly conserved and clustered around the first 4 nucleotides of the right 25 bp border repeat, while the left T-DNA ends were more variable, located either in the left 25 bp border repeat or within 13 bp from the left repeat. T-DNAs were transferred from Agrobacterium to barley with exclusion of vector sequence suggesting a similar molecular T-DNA transfer mechanism as in dicotyledonous plants.
Advanced dental reduction in Javanese Homo erectus

The postcanine tooth crowns of late Early Pleistocene Homo erectus from Sangiran, Java, have been considered to be significantly smaller than those of older H. erectus remains of the same region. In this study, the degree of dental reduction in the former was examined by comparing their postcanine crown size with that of various regional groups of recent H. sapiens. The results show that overall crown size and degree of posterior molar reduction of Javanese H. erectus of the late Early Pleistocene was within the range of variation of recent H. sapiens. The position of this H. erectus group in the general trend of dental reduction in Early to Middle Pleistocene Asian archaic Homo is discussed. Implications for the phylogenetic discontinuity hypothesis between H. erectus and H. sapiens in Australasia are presented. In contrast to their reduced crown size, the Javanese H. erectus remains exhibit robust root systems, presumably a primitive retention. This observation indicates that reduction in crown size preceded reduction of the roots during evolution of Homo, at least in the Sunda region.
Assimilation Efficiency of Free and Protein Amino Acids by Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) Feeding on Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera

ABSTRACT The feeding of Homalodisca vitripennis, also known as the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), on Citrus sinensis cv. Navel and Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay was monitored in relation to free and protein bound amino acids in xylem fluid. Mean consumption rate of GWSS confined to feeding assemblies was significantly higher on Chardonnay (2.0 cm3/d) than on Navel (0.4 cm3/d). The concentration of free amino acids in xylem fluid was substantially higher than amino acids in protein form for both host species. For Navel, the major amino acids were asparagine/aspartic acid and proline, which represented 75% of the free amino acids. Glutamine/glutamic acid accounted for 75% of the free amino acids in Chardonnay. To test whether GWSS feeding induced changes in xylem fluid chemistry, GWSS were caged on shoots of Navel and Chardonnay for 10 d, at which time feeding rate was determined and amino acids in xylem fluid and in insect excreta were quantified. There was no significant effect of prior feeding on GWSS feeding rate. For Navel, GWSS feeding induced a significant increase in serine, arginine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine in protein form; however, the concentrations of most protein amino acids in xylem fluid of Chardonnay were not significantly increased. The assimilation efficiency (AE) of total free amino acids exceeded 99%, whereas total amino acids in protein form were assimilated with 90 to 98% efficiency. The AE was significantly increased for GWSS feeding on GWSS-caged shoots compared to that of control shoots.
Physical-chemical characterization and potential for frying of genetic potato (Solanum tuberosum) materials

B reeding programs should consider, in addition to agronomic aspects (yield, crop cycle, resistance to diseases and pests, among others), aspects related to suitability for use and quality of the final product, since consumer acceptance depends on them. Therefore, the objective of this research was to characterize 24 potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) genetic materials, considered promising for frying, and a commercial control based on physical (dry matter content, specific gravity and color) and chemical (total polyphenols, total antioxidant capacity and polyphenol
Evolutionary Significant Units versus Geopolitical Taxonomy: Molecular Systematics of an Endangered Sea Turtle (genus Chelonia)

Abstract: Taxonomic rank is an important criterion in assessing the conservation priority of an endangered organism: the sole member of a distinct family will generally receive a higher priority than a semi‐isolated population in a polytypic species. When cryptic evolutionary partitions are discovered in endangered species, these findings are heralded as a positive step in the conservation process. The opposite action, demoting the taxonomic rank of an endangered organism, can be resisted by the conservation community because it is perceived as detrimental to preservation efforts. We explore the arguments for and against the species status of the endangered black turtle (Chelonia agassizii) and contribute an additional data set based on DNA sequences of single‐copy nuclear loci. These data are concordant with previous mtDNA surveys in indicating no evolutionary distinction between C. agassizii and adjacent green turtle (C. mydas) populations. Although the black turtle is morphologically identifiable at a low level, much of its distinction is based on size and color differences that are highly variable throughout the range of C. mydas. Thus the black turtle would be more accurately classified at the subspecific or population level. There is no strong scientific case available to defend the species status of C. agassizii, and yet that designation has persisted for over a century. We suggest that the maintenance of this name is based on geographical and political considerations, and we propose a pragmatic category for this type of taxonomy: the geopolitical species. Furthermore, we argue against the practice of preserving species status for conservation purposes. There are several good reasons to preserve the black turtle, including morphological diversity and the possibility that it is an incipient evolutionary lineage with novel adaptations; taxonomic rank, however, is not one of them.
Biochar and its impact on soil properties, growth and yield of okra plants

Applying biochar to the soil can mitigate problems that hinder agricultural production, such as water scarcity and low fertility soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of dry coconut husk biochar and sewage sludge combinations on soil chemical characteristics, growth, yield and water productivity of okra crop. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with 6 treatments (CHB + BSS coconut husk biochar + biochar of sewage sludge, CHB + RSS coconut husk biochar + raw sewage sludge, BSS + RSS biochar of sewage sludge + raw sewage sludge, CHB coconut husk biochar, BSS biochar of sewage sludge, WB without biochar (control)). Plant height, number of fruits per plant, yield and water use productivity were evaluated. To evaluate the effect of biochar on soil, soil samples were taken to determine pH, CEC, P, K, Ca, Mg concentrations after incorporation of biochar into the soil. The BSS + RSS and BSS treatments provided better results on okra production and growth characteristics with a 421.15% and 419% productivity increase, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The BSS and BSS + RSS treatments provided better water productivity, with values of 14.5 and 13.3 kilogram produced for each cubic meter of water applied, respectively. All soil chemical characteristics analyzed were modified when the biochar was incorporated into the soil. The results provide valuable insight that okra growers can embrace the use of the combination BSS+RSS and BSS, providing better yields and lower water use in growing this plant.
A novel face recognition in uncontrolled environment based on block 2D-CS-LBP features and deep residual network

In order to solve the problem that the performance of the existing local feature descriptors in uncontrolled environment is greatly affected by illumination, background, occlusion and other factors, we propose a novel face recognition algorithm in uncontrolled environment which combines the block central symmetry local binary pattern (CS-LBP) and deep residual network (DRN) model. ,The algorithm first extracts the block CSP-LBP features of the face image, then incorporates the extracted features into the DRN model, and gives the face recognition results by using a well-trained DRN model. The features obtained by the proposed algorithm have the characteristics of both local texture features and deep features that robust to illumination. ,Compared with the direct usage of the original image, the usage of local texture features of the image as the input of DRN model significantly improves the computation efficiency. Experimental results on the face datasets of FERET, YALE-B and CMU-PIE have shown that the recognition rate of the proposed algorithm is significantly higher than that of other compared algorithms. ,The proposed algorithm fundamentally solves the problem of face identity recognition in uncontrolled environment, and it is particularly robust to the change of illumination, which proves its superiority.
Attitudes and understanding are only part of the story: self-control, age and self-imposed pressure predict plagiarism over and above perceptions of seriousness and understanding

Abstract Although individual and socio-demographic factors are known to affect student plagiarism there is little research conducted to show how the milieu of factors interact with each other to influence plagiarism behaviour. University students (N = 891) completed surveys on several possible predictors of plagiarism and plagiarism engagement. It was found that predictors of plagiarism accounted for 22.9% of variance in student’s engagement in plagiarism behaviour. The following variables all predicted plagiarism engagement over and above students’ understanding of plagiarism and perception of plagiarism as serious: self-control, pressure from self and others to achieve high grades, age, gender, culture and study major. These findings are important as they highlight the need for interventions that target student perceptions and personal factors such as self-control.
Investigation of Seasonal Total Phenolics and Pigments in Chara vulgaris

In this study, Chara vulgaris samples were taken from Golbasi Lake/Adiyaman at different times (October, February, April, June). Total phenolic and pigment contents of these samples were examined. It was determined that total phenolic and pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) showed seasonal differences. It was detected that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were high in June, and low in April. In addition, phenolic compounds were found to be high in February, and low in April.
Hardaliye: fermented grape juice as a traditional Turkish beverage

Twenty-six aged hardaliye samples, collected from different spots of the Kirklareli province of Turkey and hardaliye produced in laboratory conditions using the traditional method were investigated in this study. The pH ranged from 3·21 to 3·97. Red colour (Hunter Lab aLvalue) of samples ranged from 1·33 to 9·66. The total bacterial count ranged from 3·5×102to 8×105cfu ml−1. The lactic acid bacteria counts of the samples were found to be between 1·0×102and 4·0×104cfu ml−1. Yeasts and moulds, which were found in 21 samples out of 26, ranged from 1·0×102to 8·1×104cfu ml−1. Coliforms and Escherichia coli were found in none of the samples. The changes of some microbiological and chemical properties of hardaliye during fermentation were investigated. The pH of hardaliye dropped from 3·86 to 3·39. The ethanol content of the end product was determined as 595·50 mg dl−1. During the fermentation process, the total bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria count and yeast count changed from 2·1×105, 6·0×104and 1·2×105cfu ml−1to 1·3×102, 1·2×103and 1·1×103cfu ml−1, respectively. Lactobacilli isolated from hardaliye samples were characterized by API 50 CH and other phenotypic criteria. A succession of Lactobacillus species, dominated by L. paracasei subsp. paracasei and L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum were found during the fermentation process.
Calculating canopy stomatal conductance from eddy covariance measurements, in light of the energy budget closure problem

Abstract. Canopy stomatal conductance is commonly estimated from eddy covariance measurements of the latent heat flux (LE) by inverting the Penman–Monteith equation. That method ignores eddy covariance measurements of the sensible heat flux (H) and instead calculates H implicitly as the residual of all other terms in the site energy budget. Here we show that canopy stomatal conductance is more accurately calculated from eddy covariance (EC) measurements of both H and LE using the flux–gradient equations that define conductance and underlie the Penman–Monteith equation, especially when the site energy budget fails to close due to pervasive biases in the eddy fluxes and/or the available energy. The flux–gradient formulation dispenses with unnecessary assumptions, is conceptually simpler, and is as or more accurate in all plausible scenarios. The inverted Penman–Monteith equation, on the other hand, contributes substantial biases and erroneous spatial and temporal patterns to canopy stomatal conductance, skewing its relationships with drivers such as light and vapor pressure deficit.
Vaccination status (PCV13) of children with pneumococcal meningitis

Pneumococcal meningitis in children is one of the reasons for the development of serious neurological complications. According to various authors, in developed countries, the incidence rate ranges from 8 to 34 cases per 100,000 population, in Kazakhstan there is no etiological interpretation of bacterial meningitis, and therefore there are no official statistics on the incidence. To date, in more than 120 countries, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been added to the vaccination calendar, which is the most effective method for reducing the incidence of bacterial meningitis pneumococcal etiology. This article reflects the effectiveness of vaccination and the risk of bacterial meningitis in children with pneumococcal meningitis in terms of using the PCV13 vaccine.