Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Fluid Flow in a Microalgae Cultivation Continuous Photo Bioreactor

: In this study the fluid flow was simulated with using computational fluid dynamics in Bubble-column photo bioreactor. The effects of design parameters such as diameter and numbers of the spargers were studied. With analyzing the hydrodynamic results, optimum values of photo bioreactor were selected. The results showed that by increasing the diameter of the holes, inlet air flow and the fluid velocity was increased. By increasing the number of spargers the effect of the photo bioreactor’s walls were enhanced. Parameters such as dead zone volume, the average of turnaround time and the turbulence were used for hydrodynamic analysis of the effect of size and number of the spargers and choosing the optimum photo bioreactor parameters. The results of the analysis showed that increasing in the number and diameter of the spargers, will decrease the percentage of the dead zone volume. The average of turnaround time was decreased by increasing number and diameter of the spargers. According to the hydrodynamic criteria, for the imposed conditions, photo bioreactor with 6 spargers and diameter of 3 mm and a photobioreactor with 12 spargers and diameter of 2 mm will be the most efficient photo- bioreactors.
Entry β-Glucans

4.0/). 1 Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; emurphy@ait.ie (E.J.M.); nrowan@ait.ie (N.R.) 2 Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; imajor@ait.ie 3 Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; emanuele.rezoagli@unimib.it 4 Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland 5 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy * Correspondence: john.laffey@nuigalway.ie; Tel. : +353-91-49349
O'Brien, Nicola and Philpott-Morgan, Siôn and Dixon, Diane (2016) Using impairment and cognitions to predict walking in osteoarthritis : a series

Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.
Continuous Symmetries and Observability Properties in Autonomous Navigation

This paper considers the problem of state estimation from a theoretical perspective. In particular, the investigation regards problems where the information provided by the sensor data is not sufficient to carry out the state estimation (i.e. the state is not observable). For these systems it is introduced the concept of continuous symmetry. Detecting the continuous symmetries of a given system has a very practical importance. It allows us to detect an observable state whose components are non linear functions of the original non observable state. This theoretical and very general concept is applied to deal with two distinct fundamental estimation problems in mobile robotics. The former is in the framework of self-calibration and the latter is in the framework of the fusion of the data provided by inertial sensors and vision sensors. For both problems all the observable modes are analytically derived by analyzing the continuous symmetries.
RMHP_A_258812 1161..1173

1West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Purpose: Although there is much debate about the effect of hospital competition on healthcare quality, its impact on the process of care remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether hospital competition improves the process of care in rural China. Patients and Methods: The county hospital questionnaire survey data and the randomly sampled medical records of bacterial pneumonia patients in 2015 in rural area of Guizhou, China, were used in this study. The processes of care for bacterial pneumonia were measured by the following three measures: 1) oxygenation assessment, 2) antibiotic treatment, and 3) first antibiotic treatment within 6 hours after admission. Hospital competition was measured by asking hospital directors to rate the competition pressure they perceive from other hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to determine the relationship between perceived competition and the processes of care for patients with bacterial pneumonia. Results: A total of 2167 bacterial pneumonia patients from 24 county hospitals in 2015 were included in our study. Our results suggested that the likelihood of receiving antibiotic treatment and first antibiotic treatment within 6 hours after admission was significantly higher in the hospitals perceiving higher competition pressure. However, no significant relationship was found between perceived competition and oxygenation assessment for patients with bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion: This study revealed the role of perceived competition in improving the process of care under the fee-for-service payment system and provided empirical evidence to support the pro-competition policies in China’s new round of national healthcare reform.
Identifying Different Writing Styles in a Document Intrinsically Using Stylometric Analysis

: In this project, we have developed an intelligent system that takes a single document and classifies different writing styles within the document using stylometric analysis. The classification is done using K-Means Clustering (an unsupervised machine learning method). First, the document is divided into chunks of text using a standard chunk size. Then for each chunk of text, a vector of stylometric features is computed. After that the chunks are clustered using their vectors of stylometric features. Thats where unsupervised machine learning comes into play. The chunks with same style are clustered together. Hence, the number of clusters made correspond to the number of different writing styles that the document has. In this approach, the value of K is determined using Elbow Method. We also ran an experiment for a document with two writing styles and our system was successfully able to identify that the document had two different writing styles. Our approach separates out text with same style from that of different style and can be used to detect plagiarism also.
Effect of inulin and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15708 on some properties of low fat flavored stirred ytoghurt

: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of inulin as a source of dietary fiber and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15708 on some properties of low fat flavored yoghurt as well as folic acid production. Four treatments namely: T1 low fat yoghurt (control), T2 (control inoculated with Bif. longum and yoghurt starter 1:1), T3 (T2+ 2 % inulin and flavored with vanilla) and T4 (T2+ 2 % inulin flavored with strawberry juice) were manufactured. Addition of inulin had non significant effect on pH value and acetaldehyde content in the fresh samples, while it increased the viscosity of fresh vanilla yoghurt (T3) as compared to control yoghurt (T1). During storage, the corresponding values were significantly increased in all treatments. The syneresis index in vanilla yoghurt (T3) was decreased as compared to other treatments, while it was increased in case of strawberry yoghurt (T4) either in fresh or stored samples. The growth of Bif. longum in fresh yoghurt and during storage as well as folic acid synthesis were improved as a result of fortification with inulin. Fresh strawberry stirred yoghurt (T4) was highly accepted followed by T3, T2 and T1 resp. All organoleptic attributes scores were gradually decreased in all treatments during storage. Inulin had a high antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoids content.
Fox, Christopher and Harrison, Jordan and Hothersall, Grace and Smith, Andrew and Webster, Russell (2021) A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the impact of probation caseloads on reducing recidivism and other probation

We undertook a Rapid Evidence Assessment to explore the existing empirical evidence relating to the impact of probation caseloads on recidivism. Over 3,000 potentially relevant papers were sifted from which five were deemed robust enough to be analysed in detail. All five were US studies which examined the impact of particular initiatives to reduce caseloads and were delivered by mainstream community-based probation officers. All recorded reductions in measured outcomes compared to comparators. Overall, although the number of robust studies remains quite small for such a key area of consideration, there appears to be a growing body of evidence that lower probation caseloads have a positive impact in terms of reducing reoffending in the USA. All five studies looked at a range of criminal justice outcomes including technical probation violations, violations for new arrests and reconvictions. Interestingly, although researchers were expecting to find a higher rate of probation violations among the cohorts supervised by probation officers with lower caseloads (due to the increased intensity of supervision), this did not turn out to be the case. Corresponding Author: Chris Fox, Manchester Metropolitan University, Geoffrey Manton Building, Rosamond St West, Manchester
Concentrated Language Encounter Method and Development of Reading Skills among Primary Schools in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria

This paper presented an eight week intervention programme using Concentrated Language Encounter Method in development of beginning reading skills among primary school pupils who are non-readers in Jos North, Plateau State. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Concentrated Language Encounter method in development of beginning reading skills among primary school pupils who are non-readers. Two research questions and two hypotheses were posed for investigation. This included: What are the reading levels of primary school children who are non- readers before exposure to CLE and to what extent will the reading level of primary school children who are non-readers improve after exposure to literacy instruction using Concentrated Language Encounter? There is no significant difference between the English sight vocabulary and Comprehension Skills acquisition of primary school children who are non- readers in control and experimental groups as measured by post-test mean scores. The study adopted socialization theory propounded by Vygotsky (1978) who stated that interactions with the surrounding environment and social agents, such as parents and more competent peers, contribute significantly to a child's intellectual development. The study utilized a true experimental design involving sixteen primary four non- readers selected through proportionate stratification sampling technique. The instruments used included: of coefficient of each
Conjugative Plasmid Transfer and Adhesion Dynamics in an Escherichia coli Bioﬁlm (cid:1) †

A conjugative plasmid from the catheter-associated urinary tract infection strain Escherichia coli MS2027 was sequenced and annotated. This 42,644-bp plasmid, designated pMAS2027, contains 58 putative genes and is most closely related to plasmids belonging to incompatibility group X (IncX1). Plasmid pMAS2027 encodes two important virulence factors: type 3 ﬁmbriae and a type IV secretion (T4S) system. Type 3 ﬁmbriae, recently found to be functionally expressed in E. coli , played an important role in bioﬁlm formation. Bioﬁlm formation by E. coli MS2027 was speciﬁcally due to expression of type 3 ﬁmbriae and not the T4S system. The T4S system, however, accounted for the conjugative ability of pMAS2027 and enabled a non-bioﬁlm-forming strain to grow as part of a mixed bioﬁlm following acquisition of this plasmid. Thus, the importance of conjugation as a mechanism to spread bioﬁlm determinants was demonstrated. Conjugation may represent an important mechanism by which type 3 ﬁmbria genes are transferred among the Enterobacteriaceae that cause device-related infections in nosocomial settings.
Runaway Task Assignment

We analyse assignment problems in which not every agent is controlled by the central planner. The free agents search for vacant tasks autonomously, guided by their own preferences. The central planner, aiming to maximise the total value of the assignment, must take into account the behaviour of the uncontrolled agents. We model this situation as an n + 1-player game played between n free agents and the central planner. We show that it is a weakly dominant strategy for the free agents to choose tasks according to their true preferences. Contrarily, the strategy of the central planner in the resulting Nash Equilibrium is highly complex – we prove that it corresponds to the solution of a mixed integer bilevel optimisation problem. Finally, we demonstrate how this program can be reduced to a computationally much more manageable disjoint bilinear program.
Computationally Efficient Soft Detection Schemes for Coded Massive MIMO Systems

This paper presents a computationally efficient soft detection scheme for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed scheme adopts joint iterative detection and decoding (JIDD) methods for their capacity limiting performances. In addition, the minimum mean square error parallel interference cancellation (MMSE-PIC)-based detection scheme is used for soft information exchange. We propose a number of techniques to reduce the computational complexity, while keeping almost the same performance as the conventional ones. First, a technique is proposed to approximate the Gram matrix to a constant valued diagonal matrix. This proposal can lead to elimination of complex matrix inversion process and multiple layer dependent estimations, resulting in huge complexity reduction. Second, compact equations to estimate soft-symbol values for M-ary (quadrature amplitude modulation) QAM are derived. From the investigation example of 2 8 -QAM in this paper, this proposal showed more than two orders of less computations compared to the conventional scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve approximating performance to the conventional method with a largely reduced computational complexity.
Toxicity of The Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacterium Microcystis Aeruginosa To Litopenaeus Vannamei

Microcystis aeruginosa is a common kind of harmful bloom algae, which was also frequently found as a dominant microalgae specie in shrimp breeding ponds. And it was found that blooms always induced massive death of shrimp, but the toxic effects of M. aeruginosa on Litopenaeus vannamei are still not completely understood. In this paper, the toxicity of M. aeruginosa cells to L. vannamei was examined, and the toxic components in the cells were analyzed through high-pressure liquid chromatography (HLPC). In addition, the immune response of shrimp to the microalgal extract was assessed by measuring the activity of immune-related enzymes, as well as the transcription of the relevant genes. Overall, both M. aeruginosa cells and the algal extract resulted in a 100% mortality rate in shrimp, whereas the cell-free culture medium was ineffective. And HPLC analysis results revealed the presence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at a concentration of 190.40 mg/kg of cells. In addition, the activity and gene transcription of two immune related enzymes, SOD and LZM, were both significantly reduced in shrimp hepatopancreas (p<0.05) after injection with cell extract. However, reduced glutathione (GSH) content was slightly increased, but the ratio of GSH to GSSG was down, and the transcription of gst gene function as detoxification, was significantly downregulated (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that M. aeruginosa cell extract was highly toxic to L. vannamei, and exerted a negative effect on shrimp immunity including reduction of antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity and detoxification activity, due to microcystin-LR.
XVIII. The gravitational lensing-infrared background correlation

The multi-frequency capability of the Planck satellite provides information both on the integrated history of star formation (via the cosmic infrared background, or CIB) and on the distribution of dark matter (via the lensing e ﬀ ect on the cosmic microwave background, or CMB). The conjunction of these two unique probes allows us to measure directly the connection between dark and luminous matter in the high redshift (1 ≤ z ≤ 3) Universe. We use a three-point statistic optimized to detect the correlation between these two tracers, using lens reconstructions at 100, 143, and 217 GHz, together with CIB measurements at 100–857 GHz. Following a thorough discussion of possible contaminants and a suite of consistency tests, we report the ﬁrst detection of the correlation between the CIB and CMB lensing. The well matched redshift distribution of these two signals leads to a detection signiﬁcance with a peak value of 42 / 19 σ (statistical / statistical + systematics) at 545 GHz and a correlation as high as 80% across these two tracers. Our full set of multi-frequency measurements (both CIB auto- and CIB-lensing cross-spectra) are consistent with a simple halo-based model, with a characteristic mass scale for the halos hosting CIB sources of log 10 ( M / M (cid:12) ) = 10 . 5 ± 0 . 6. Leveraging the frequency dependence of our signal, we isolate the high redshift contribution to the CIB, and constrain the star formation rate (SFR) density at z ≥ 1. We measure directly the SFR density with around 2 σ signiﬁcance for three redshift bins between z = 1 and 7, thus opening a new window into the study of the formation of stars at early times.
Mechanism-Based Pharmacodynamic Modeling of S( (cid:1) )-Atenolol: Estimation of in Vivo Affinity for the (cid:1) 1 -Adrenoceptor with an Agonist-Antagonist Interaction Model

The aim of this study was the development of an agonist- antagonist interaction model to estimate the in vivo affinity of S( (cid:1) )-atenolol for the (cid:1) 1 -adrenoreceptor. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used to characterize the interaction between the model drugs isoprenaline (to induce tachycardia) and S( (cid:1) )-atenolol. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma phar- macokinetics. Reduction of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia was used as a pharmacodynamic endpoint. The pharmacoki- netic-pharmacodynamic relationship of isoprenaline was first characterized with the operational model of agonism using the literature value for the affinity ( K A ) of isoprenaline (3.2 (cid:2) 10 (cid:1) 8 M; left atria WKY rats). Resulting estimates for baseline ( E 0 ), max- imal effect ( E max ), and efficacy ( (cid:2) ) were 374 (1.9%), 130 (5.9%), and 247 (33%) beats per minute, respectively. In addition, the interaction between isoprenaline and S( (cid:1) )-atenolol was characterized using a pharmacodynamic interaction model based on the operational model of agonism that describes the heart rate response based on the affinity of the agonist ( K A ),
A Review on Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Industrial Solid Wastes

In developing countries like India, Industrialization is rising rapidly, and also a great paucity of land is there, the demand for exploitation of industrial wastes which coming from industries is increasing. From geotechnical perspective, fly ash, granite and quarry waste, cement kiln dust, silica fume, rice husk etc. are the waste materials which have effectual features requisites by an excellent soil stabilization admixture. Stabilization using solid wastes is one of the different methods of treatment, to improve the engineering properties and make it suitable for construction. This paper briefs about the recent trends in stabilization of expansive soil using industrial waste (granite and quarry waste, cement kiln dust, silica fume, rice husk) as stabilizers for decreasing the environmental hazards.
Atomic forcemicroscopic studyofthe in£uenceof physical stresses

Morphological changes in the cell surfaces of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain NCYC 1681), and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain DVPB 1354), in response to thermal and osmotic stresses, were investigated using an atomic force microscope. With this microscope imaging, together with measurements of culture viability and cell size, it was possible to relate topological changes of the cell surface at nanoscale with cellular stress physiology. As expected, when the yeasts were exposed to thermostress or osmostress, their viability together with the mean cell volume decreased in conjunction with the increase in thermal or osmotic shock. Nevertheless, the viability of cells stressed for up to 1 h remained relatively high. For example, viabilities were 450% and 490% for the thermostressed, and 460% and 470% for the osmostressed S. cerevisiae and Schiz. pombe, respectively. Mean cell volume measurements, and bearing and roughness analyses of atomic force microscope images of stressed yeasts indicate that Schiz. pombe may be more resistant to physical stresses than S. cerevisiae. Overall, this study has highlighted the usefulness of atomic force microscope in studies of yeast stress physiology.
Teledyne H1RG, H2RG, and H4RG Noise Generator

This paper describes the near-infrared detector system noise generator (NG) that we wrote for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). NG simulates many important noise components including: (1) white “read noise”; (2) residual bias drifts; (3) pink 1/f noise; (4) alternating column noise; and (5) picture frame noise. By adjusting the input parameters, NG can simulate noise for Teledyne’s H1RG, H2RG, and H4RG detectors with and without Teledyne’s SIDECAR ASIC IR array controller. NG can be used as a starting point for simulating astronomical scenes by adding dark current, scattered light, and astronomical sources into the results from NG. NG is written in Python-3.4. The source code is freely available for download from http://jwst.nasa. gov/publications.html.