Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of an EMP conducted environment

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) decided in 1988 to produce a civil standard on the electromagnetic effects of a high altitude EMP (HEMP). Different documents pertaining to the radiated environment and to specifications and test methods have been elaborated and are circulated. A standard conducted environment dependent on many parameters is, however, more difficult to define. The authors present a probabilistic approach which has been adopted to define a typical current shape for the conducted environment. The distribution functions of the peak current value for horizontal and vertical polarizations based on 1710 calculated cases reflecting a variation of the elevation and azimuthal angles from 0 to 90/spl deg/ are presented and discussed.
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY ACTUATORS ARE USED TO CREATE A VARIABLE AREA JET NOZZLE FOR NOISE REDUCTION: A REVIEW

The real study details the design and implementation of Shape memory alloy actuators to produce a noise-reducing variable area jet nozzle. A subscale design specification of a changeable area jet nozzle was created using SMA actuators in an asymmetrical design. Commercial transportation planes must be quieter, cleaner, and more efficient, according to the international community. The aviation industry is reacting by developing new technology in order to achieve those objectives. Changing the area of a commercial jet engine's fan nozzle can result in substantial noise reduction and reduced fuel economy. At takeoff and approach, a bigger diameter reduces jet velocity, which reduces noise. In cruise, adjusting the diameter to account for variable Mach numbers, altitude, and other factors helps optimise fan loading and minimise fuel consumption and emissions. Boeing has tested a 20 percent area change scaled variable area jet nozzle. At the nozzle exit, Shape Memory Alloy actuators were utilised to place 12 interlocking panels. To maintain a range of consistent diameters with variable flow circumstances and to alter the diameter under constant flow conditions, a closed loop control system was utilised. At each condition, acoustic data was gathered using side line microphones, and flow field measurements were taken using PIV at various crosssections. The design of a variable area nozzle is explained in this work. The diameter of the nozzle and its influence on acoustic performance are discussed. The effects of the joints between the interlocking panels are seen in the flow field data.
Performance of MobileNetV3 Transfer Learning on Handheld Device-based Real-Time Tree Species Identification

Detailed information on tree species constitutes an essential factor to support forest health monitoring and biodiversity conservation. Current deep learning-based mobile applications for tree and plant identification require excessive computation. They largely depend on a network connection to perform computing tasks on powerful remote servers in the Cloud. Many forestry areas are remote with limited or no cellular coverage, which is an obstacle for these applications to recognize trees and plants in these areas in real-time. This paper investigates existing CNN-based machine learning applications for plant identification tailored for handheld device usages. Driven by network independence, reduced computation, size and time requirements, we propose the use of MobileNet (a mobile computer vision architecture) transfer learning to improve the accuracy of offline leaf-based plant recognition. We then carry out experimental validation of state-of-the-art MobileNet. Our findings reveal that using MobileNetV3 transfer learning, accuracy up to 90% can be achieved within fewer iterations than end-to-end CNN-based models for plant identification. The lightweight model comes with reduced computation that runs independently within a smartphone application without internet access, ideal for tree species identification in rural forests.
A transceiver with injection‐locked frequency multiplier for short‐range wireless applications

A transceiver with injection‐locked frequency multiplier is presented in 0.18‐μm CMOS technology for short‐range wireless medical applications. The injection‐locked technique is applied to a frequency multiplier to synthesize the low‐phase‐noise RF carrier of the transmitter, where a crystal oscillator is used as the signal source for injection and an 888‐MHz carrier is synthesized from the 55.5‐MHz crystal by the frequency multiplier. At 888 MHz, the injection‐locked frequency multiplier exhibits low phase noise of −116 dBc/Hz within offset frequency range from 100 kHz to 1 MHz. In addition, a receiver is implemented by adopting envelope detection architecture. The transmitter delivers an output power of −14 dBm at 22.2 mW and the receiver achieves a sensitivity of −58 dBm at 4.1 mW. With off‐chip antennas, a wireless link can be established by the transmitter and the receiver at a distance of 30 cm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2733–2737, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26387
Decision Support System for Crop Planning during Droughts

Demand for water is increasing continually, whereas available supplies are more or less constant. Under these circumstances there is an urgent need to introduce efficient techniques in water resources management for optimal utilization of available water. Water management under drought conditions assumes great importance in a tropical region such as India, where one‐third of the cropped area is affected by frequent droughts. This paper deals with the development and application of an expert system for drought management. A linear programming model was used to generate optimal cropping patterns from past drought experiences as also from synthetic drought occurrences. These policies together with the knowledge of the experts were incorporated in an expert system. Using this, one can identify the degree of drought in the current situation and its similarity to the identified drought events and be able to get the corresponding management strategy.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsions for Micro-/Nanoparticle Formation

Micro-/nanoparticle formulations containing drugs with or without various biocompatible excipients are widely used in the pharmaceutical field to improve the physicochemical and clinical properties of the final drug product. Among the various micro-/nanoparticle production technologies, emulsion-based particle formation is the most widely used because of its unique advantages such as uniform generation of spherical small particles and higher encapsulation efficiency (EE). For this emulsion-based micro-/nanoparticle technology, one of the most important factors is the extraction efficiency associated with the fast removal of the organic solvent. In consideration of this, a technology called supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions (SFEE) that uses the unique mass transfer mechanism and solvent power of a supercritical fluid (SCF) has been proposed to overcome the shortcomings of several conventional technologies such as solvent evaporation, extraction, and spray drying. This review article presents the main aspects of SFEE technology for the preparation of micro-/nanoparticles by focusing on its pharmaceutical applications, which have been organized and classified according to several types of drug delivery systems and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It was definitely confirmed that SFEE can be applied in a variety of drugs from water-soluble to poorly water-soluble. In addition, it has advantages such as low organic solvent residual, high EE, desirable release control, better particle size control, and agglomeration prevention through efficient and fast solvent removal compared to conventional micro-/nanoparticle technologies. Therefore, this review will be a good resource for determining the applicability of SFEE to obtain better pharmaceutical quality when researchers in related fields want to select a suitable manufacturing process for preparing desired micro-/nanoparticle drug delivery systems containing their active material.
Tunable stop-band filter at Q-band based on RF-MEMS metamaterials

Presented for the first time is a metamaterial transmission line that combines complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and RF microelectromechanical systems (RF-MEMS). The device consists on a coplanar waveguide structure loaded in its central strip with CSRRs embedding RF-MEMS variable capacitors. Owing to the presence of the CSRRs, the structure behaves as a stop-band filter. Through the actuation of the electrostatic RF-MEMS devices, the electrical characteristics of the CSRRs are modified so that their resonance frequency, and as a result the central frequency of the stop-band filter, can be tuned. This is the first time that an RF-MEMS tunable metamaterial-based filter has been designed for operation at Q-band.
Control of pneumatic muscle actuators

Problems with the control and compliance of pneumatic systems have prevented their widespread use in advanced robotics. However, their compactness, power/weight ratio, and simplicity are factors that could potentially be exploited in sophisticated dextrous manipulator designs. This paper considers the development of a new high power/weight and power/volume braided pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) having considerable power output potential, combined with controllable motion and inherent compliance to prevent damage to handled objects. Control of these muscles is explored via adaptive pole-placement controllers. Experimental results indicate that accurate position control of 1/spl deg/ is feasible, with power/weight outputs in excess of 1kW/kg at 200kPa. >
Managing the Emotional Intensities of Gifted Students with Mindfulness Practices

The emotional intensities of gifted students affect not only their learning, but also the way they live and see the world. This article examines the Theory of Positive Disintegration of Dabrowski to explore the inner world of the gifted. The five levels of development and five overexcitabilities of Dabrowski represent an abundance of physical, sensual, creative, intellectual, and emotional energy that cause inner turmoil but can result in creative endeavors. The benefits of mindfulness practices to meeting the emotional needs of gifted students are presented with examples of deep listening, gratitude, and storytelling as mindfulness practices. A culminating activity of storytelling illustrates the integration of deep listening and gratitude and its effect on the sense of identity of gifted students.
Climate-Growth Relations of Abies georgei along an Altitudinal Gradient in Haba Snow Mountain, Southwestern China

Climate warming has been detected and tree growth is sensitive to climate change in Northwestern Yunnan Plateau. Abies georgei is the main component of subalpine forest in the area. In this study, A. georgei ring width chronologies were constructed at four sites ranging from 3300 to 4150 m a.s. l. in Haba Snow Mountain, Southeastern edge of Tibetan Plateau. We analyzed the relationship between four constructed chronologies and climatic variables (monthly minimum temperature, monthly mean temperature, monthly maximum temperature, monthly total precipitation, the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index, and monthly relative humidity) by using response function analysis, moving interval analysis, and redundancy analysis. Overall, the growth of A. georgei was positively affected by common climatic factors (winter moisture conditions, autumn temperature, and previous autumn precipitation). At low and middle-low sites, May moisture condition and previous December precipitation controlled its radial growth with positive correlations. At middle-high and high sites, previous November temperature was the key factor affecting tree growth. The result of moving interval analysis was consistent with correlation analyses, particularly for May moisture at low altitudes.
A new approach to suppress spillover instability in structural vibration control

In this paper, a new approach aiming at suppressing spillover in structural vibration control is presented. By using the null space of a modal sub‐matrix for selected modes, the higher modes neighboring the cut‐off frequency of a reduced‐order controller can be blocked from entering the feedback loop and, therefore, the control and observation spillover instability associated with these modes can be eliminated. The approach is illustrated for a cantilever plate. The performance of closed‐loop control systems using the proposed methodology and a standard ℋ︁2 controller are compared. The simulation results have shown effectiveness and potentials of the proposed approach in suppressing the spillover in vibration control of large‐scale flexible systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dry etch yield enhancement by use of after-develop inspection

Decreasing feature sizes combined with high mask error enhancement factors (MEEF) are rapidly causing tighter defect and CD uniformity specifications on photomasks. In general, dry etching photomasks improves feature fidelity but also tends to increase defectivity. Since the first automated mask defect inspection usually occurs after chrome etch, it is difficult to determine if a defect originated with the photoblank or during one of the mask patterning steps (write, develop, and etch). To understand and optimize the dry etch process, After Develop Inspection (ADI) has been developed to isolate the cause of photomask defects. In this study, ADI was used to inspect Cr photomasks incorporating iP3600 and ZEP7000 resists at several thicknesses. The detected defects were analyzed and compared to defects found after etch. A test mask with programmed defects was also created and tested to characterize the sensitivity of this new capability.
Asphalt Mix Design Optimization for Efficient Plant Management

The role of aggregate gradation in hot-mix asphalt performance is well documented in the literature. Yet the Bailey method is the only tool available for guidance on aggregate gradation selection for optimal performance. Also, there is a lack of tools for design engineers and plant managers of quarry sites to manage stockpile inventory levels and control cost of aggregate used in asphalt mixes. This work presents a linear programming model of the asphalt mix design problem and a numerical algorithm to solve the model. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB as an asphalt mix design optimization (AMIDO) program. The program is successfully verified with an example. The results show that using the Bailey method alone results in suboptimal results and that cheaper mixes with similar aggregate ratios can be designed with the same aggregate stockpiles. For the specific stockpiles used in the verification, the AMIDO mix design resulted in a 53-cent/ton reduction in aggregate cost. This work improves the state of the art in asphalt mix design for dense-graded mixes and could be modified for other mixes.
HOW TO EFFICIENTLY UTILIZE MULTI-HOP WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS - THROUGHPUT IMPROVEMENT AND MOBILITY SUPPORT

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy HOW TO EFFICIENTLY UTILIZE MULTI-HOP WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS THROUGHPUT IMPROVEMENT AND MOBILITY SUPPORT By Rongsheng Huang August 2011 Chair: Yuguang Fang Major: Electrical and Computer Engineering Due to its low-cost, flexible in construction and self-organizable features, wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) have provided many applications in a lot of areas. However, the multi-hop transmissions and lack of infrastructure bring the low throughput performance and poor mobility support. Aiming at efficiently utilizing WANETs, I strive to tackle these two problems in the recent years. Throughput performance in WANETs mainly relates to the spectrum wastage caused by improper MAC design. For multi-channel MAC schemes, due to the limited number radios, the spectrum wastage is mostly created by the channel assignment signallings. Observing that channel assignment is not necessary before each transmission, we can let nodes cache the previous channel assignment and lift the signalling burden of the control channels. We proposed this self-adjustable multi-channel MAC scheme (SAM MAC) to increase the MAC throughput in multi-channel systems. Only high MAC throughput cannot guarantee high end-to-end throughput in multi-hop wireless networks because if the area with high traffic load cannot acquire more spectrum congestions will appear and lead to poor overall throughput performance. We proposed a semi-centralized semi-distributed resource allocation scheme for wireless mesh networks, with which central areas can easily acquire more spectrum and the outer areas can easily reuse the spectrum. Within one neighborhood, nodes with high traffic load should acquire more spectrum. Previous
Probability-Based Fast Intra Prediction Algorithm for Spatial SHVC

Due to multi-layer encoding and Inter-layer prediction, Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) has extremely high coding complexity. It is very crucial to improve its coding speed so as to promote widespread and cost-effective SHVC applications. In this paper, we propose a new probability-based fast Intra prediction algorithm for spatial SHVC. More specifically, first, we integrate depth probabilities with textural based all-zero blocks and all-nonzero blocks through Lagrange Interpolation Polynomial (LIP) to derive thresholds to early skip unlikely depths and early terminate depth selection. Second, to early skip Intra mode prediction, we combine mode probabilities with Jarque-Bera test through LIP to test the residual coefficients of Inter-layer reference (ILR) mode. Third, we adopt the difference of Hadamard Costs (HCs) of horizontal, vertical and diagonal directional modes to predict candidate directional modes (DMs), and then exploit both the percentages of gradient amplitudes and HCs for DM early termination. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve a speed up gain of more than 61% with 0.03% decrease in Bjøntegaard Delta Bit Rate on average.
Refrigerant Leakage Detection and Diagnosis for a Distributed Refrigeration System

A new technique to detect and diagnose leakage in a distributed refrigeration system is proposed in this paper. Unlike a simple refrigeration system of an HVAC system, a distributed refrigeration system, such as the refrigeration system in a supermarket, consists of several racks of compressors and evaporators, large condenser systems on the roof, meters of refrigerant piping systems, and liquid receivers. There are several potential leak points all over the system, and the presence of liquid receivers alters the equilibrium of the system. Therefore, existing leakage instruments or existing thermodynamic-based measuring techniques for HVAC applications do not guarantee correct detection and diagnosis. The proposed technique is not only based on simple and inexpensive measurements of refrigerant thermodynamic states but also accounts for the complexity of the system and the presence of the liquid receiver. Key disciplines to develop the leakage detection and diagnosis include the belief network technique and the decision theory. The probabilistic approach embedded in these two principles makes the detection and diagnosis more effective and precise. Additionally, a neural network model is constructed to make the technique faster and more practical for field implementation with small microcomputers. By implementing the technique in a real supermarket store in Longmont, Colorado, it is shown that the technique is capable of distinguishing between leak and no-leak systems. The developed technique detected a leakage if the refrigeration system lost more than 1.0%, or 5.3 kg, of the initial charge and misclassified one data set from ten data sets.
A multi-objective scatter search for the ladle scheduling problem

We consider the ladle scheduling problem, which can be regarded as a vehicle routing problem with semi-soft time windows and adjustment times. The problem concerns allocating ladles to serve molten steel based on a given steelmaking scheduling plan, and determining the modification operations for the empty ladles after the service process. In addition, combining the controllable processing time of molten steel, the other aspect of the problem is to determine the service start times taking into consideration the technological constraints imposed in practice. We present a non-linear mathematical programming model with the conflicting objectives of minimising the occupation ratio of the ladles and maximising the degree of satisfaction with meeting the soft windows. To solve the multi-objective model, we develop a new scatter search (SS) approach by re-designing the common components of SS and incorporating a diversification generator, a combination method and a diversification criterion to conduct a wide exploration of the search space. We analyse and compare the performance of the proposed approach with a multi-objective genetic algorithm and with manual scheduling adopted in practical production using three real-life instances from a well-known iron–steel production plant in China. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SS approach for solving the ladle scheduling problem.
Structure-battery multifunctional composite design

In multifunctional material design, two or more functions performed by distinct system components or materials are incorporated into a single component or material system to improve system performance. The aim of this paper is to present a framework for the design of structure-battery (power) multifunctional composite materials for unmanned air vehicle (UAV) applications. The design methodology is based on optimization of composite material performance indices and the use of material design selection charts introduced by Ashby and coworkers in a series of papers for homogeneous and two-phase composite materials. Performance indices are derived for prismatic structure-battery composites under various loading conditions. The development of simple design tools in the form of spreadsheet templates is also discussed. Finally, results based on the above-mentioned framework and actual material properties will be presented for structure-battery circular and square struts.