Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise Prehabilitation during Neoadjuvant Cancer Treatment in Patients with Gastrointestinal and Thoracic Cancer: A Systematic Review

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the current evidence assessing the use of exercise prehabilitation interventions during neoadjuvant cancer treatment in those patients with gastrointestinal or thoracic cancer. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic database search was performed to identify all published clinical studies involving exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant cancer treatment for patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal or thoracic cancer. Pre-defined criteria were used to identify relevant articles and the Modified Downs and Black checklist was used for quality assessment purposes. Results: The search identified 508 relevant abstracts. After screening, 18 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and inclusion. Three full-text articles met all the search criteria and were included in the review. Physical fitness was the main outcome measure and an improvement in physical fitness was observed in all three included studies. There was good adherence to the exercise programmes with a lack of associated adverse events, suggesting safety and feasibility of such interventions in this setting. A differentiation between ‘responders’ and ‘non-responders’ to exercise training was identified for the first time. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review assessing the use of exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant cancer treatment in patients with gastrointestinal and thoracic cancer. Although this review demonstrates the safe use of exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant cancer treatment in patients with gastrointestinal and thoracic cancer, there is still insufficient evidence to support any robust conclusions regarding the ideal characteristics of an exercise prehabilitation intervention and the impact it may have on clinical and post-operative outcomes. Keywords: Exercise prehabilitation; Oncology; Surgery; Neoadjuvant cancer treatment; Gastrointestinal; Thoracic
Insights into Automotive Particulate Filters using Magnetic Resonance Imaging : Understanding filter drying in the manufacturing process and the effect of particulate matter on filter operation and fluid dynamics

Understanding the manufacture and operation of automotive emissions control particulate filters is important in the optimised design of these emissions control systems. Here we show how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to understand the drying process, which is part of the manufacture of catalysed particulate filters. Comparison between a wall-flow particulate filter substrate and a flow-through monolith (FTM) has been performed, with MRI giving spatial information on the drying process. We have also used MRI to study the fluid dynamics of a gasoline particulate filter (GPF). Inlet and outlet channel gas velocities have been measured for a clean GPF and two GPF samples loaded with particulate matter (PM) to understand the effect of PM on the filter flow profiles and porous wall permeability as soot is deposited.
Sharks and batoids (Subclass Elasmobranchii) caught in the industrial fisheries off the Brazilian North coast

The Brazilian North coastline comprises a total area of approximately 223,000 km2, representing one of the world’s most essential fishing grounds. Availability of data on the diversity of fishes caught in the industrial fishery trawlers in the region are usually limited to the commercially important and targeted species. Knowledge gaps on the related marine fish fauna are eminent, which hamper both fisheries and conservation efforts of the local biodiversity. A comprehensive taxonomic list of elasmobranch species captured off the North coast from Brazil through industrial trawl fishery is provided. Trawling operations acting regionally included pink-shrimp and several fish (outrigger trawling) and piramutaba catfish (pair trawlers). Sixty-eigth elasmobranch species belonging to 20 families and nine orders were recorded for this region, according to fish collection, fishery observer and literature data. Thirty-two are by-catch species caught in the local trawl operations, including endemic and rare species as well as four new records and one possible undescribed species of electric ray.
Energy-based models to describe complex neuronal activities and metabolic constraints

In this work, we introduce new phenomenological neuronal models ( e LIF and mAdExp) that account for energy supply and demand in the cell as well as their interactions with spiking dynamics. Through energetic considerations, these new models reproduce a broad range of biologically-relevant behaviors that are identified to be crucial in many neurological disorders, but were not captured by commonly used phenomenological models. Because of their low dimensionality e LIF and mAdExp enable large-scale simulations that are necessary for more realistic studies of brain circuits involved in neuronal disorders. The new models enable both more accurate modeling and the possibility to study energy-associated disorders over the whole time-course of disease progression instead of only comparing the initially healthy status with the final diseased state. These models, therefore, provide new theoretical and computational methods to assess the opportunities of early diagnostics and the potential of energy-centered approaches to improve therapies.
Contributing factors and effects on health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythromatosus complaining of sleep disturbances

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and systems. Studies with subjective sleep measures have shown that SLE patients have poor sleep quality. This study evaluates sleep quality and its contributors in women with SLE. Methodology: Sleep quality was assessed in 50 women with SLE using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Disease activity and cumulative disease damage were assessed with standard indices. Patients answered the hospital anxiety and depression scale and lupus quality of life (QoL). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to find contributors of poor sleep quality and association of sleep quality with HRQoL by electrolyte imbalance analysis and brain MRI. Results: Sleep quality was poor in 90% of our SLE patients. Compared with the general population, patients had higher frequency of poor sleep quality than the general population and also higher scores in most of the PSQI components, except sleep latency and daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness. Conclusion: Sleep quality disturbances are common in women with SLE and significantly impair their QoL. Age, disease activity, and anxiety/depression were significant determinants of sleep quality in our study. Psychological factors are major contributors to poor sleep quality in SLE patients, which highlights the need for having a bio psychosocial approach toward the management of sleep problems in these patients. Studies with objective sleep measures, prospective studies, as well as interventional studies, are warranted in this regard.
Thrombocytopenia and Coagulopathy in Indian Patients With Isolated Head Trauma

Background: Patients with head injury, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide are susceptible to the early development of coagulopathy. As its presence further contributes to an adverse outcome, early identification assumes importance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and nature of hemostatic abnormalities in Indian patients with isolated head trauma and correlate them with outcome. Methods: Complete blood counts with platelet count and screening tests of hemostasis PT, APTT, TT were performed on 100 patients with isolated head trauma admitted within 12hrs of injury. The severity of injury was assessed by Glasgow coma score (GCS). Result: Based on the GCS, head injury was classified as mild (GCS 13-15, n=45), moderate (GCS 9-12, n=28) and severe (GCS 3-8, n=27). Thrombocytopenia was present in 48% patients. Coagulopathy [prolonged PT (>14 sec) and/or APTT (>34 sec)] was present in 39% patients. Twenty-six patients died. Mortality was significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients with coagulopathy and/or thrombocytopenia. Platelet count was significantly lower and PT, APTT, TT significantly (p<0.001) higher in non survivors as compared to survivors. Platelet count significantly (p<0.05) decreased while PT, APTT and TT increased with increasing severity of injury. Seven (17.9%) patients with mild injury also had coagulopathy. Conclusion: Coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia were associated with a significantly higher mortality and was present even in patients with mild head injury. Measurement of hemostatic parameters in these patients irrespective of severity of injury will help in identification of patients at poor risk thus aiding better management and improved survival.
Variability of the hepatic α-amilase activities in the liver of fish species from the Sevastopol bays, Black Sea

This paper presents the results of a study of α-amylase activity in liver of widely represented species of twelve Black sea fish. Comparative analysis of interspecies differences showed that the medium level of enzyme activity is very high only in liver of annular seabream and horse mackerel. The Black Sea predators (scorpion fish, stargazer, shore rockling, whiting) have low values of the medium level of enzyme activity (range from 0,02 to 62,79 mg / s / g of protein). Enzyme activity did not depend on fish sex, their age and location. Research has established lack of any link between activity of enzyme and age for both the scorpion fish and high body pickarel. While studying the effects of seasonal features on enzyme activity in the liver of two dominant species in the coastal zone, it was concluded that enzyme activity is lower in winter than in other seasons.
Birth Control and Unmarried Young Women

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Identify the radiotherapy-induced abnormal changes in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which often causes inevitable brain injury in the process of treatment. The majority of patients has no abnormal signal or density change of the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) examination in the long-term follow-up after radiation therapy. However, when there is a visible CT and conventional MR imaging changes, the damage often has been severe and lack of effective treatments, seriously influencing the prognosis of patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the abnormal changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after RT. In the present study, we exploited the machine learning framework which contained two parts: feature extraction and classification to automatically detect the brain injury. Our results showed that the method could effectively identify the abnormal regions reduced by radiotherapy. The highest classification accuracy was 82.5 % in the abnormal brain regions. The parahippocampal gyrus was the highest accuracy region, which suggested that the parahippocampal gyrus could be most sensitive to radiotherapy and involved in the pathogenesis of radiotherapy-induced brain injury in NPC patients.
The Streptomyces volatile 3-octanone alters auxin/cytokinin and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana via the gene family KISS ME DEADLY

Plants enhance their growth in the presence of particular soil bacteria due to volatile compounds affecting the homeostasis of plant growth hormones. However, the mechanisms of volatile compound signaling and plant perception has been unclear. This study identifies the bioactive volatile 3-octanone as a plant growth stimulating volatile, constitutively emitted by the soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor grown on a rich medium. When 3-octanone is applied to developing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, a family-wide induction of the Kelch-repeat F-box genes known as KISS ME DEADLY (KMD) subsequently alters auxin/cytokinin homeostasis to promote the growth of lateral roots and inhibit the primary root. Loss of function of the KMD family or other alterations of auxin/cytokinin homeostasis suppresses the volatile-induced growth response. This reveals a function of KMDs in the pathway of microbial volatile perception and plant growth responses. Significance Statement Volatiles from soil microbes are profound stimulators of plant growth. This work identifies for the first time a plant hormone signaling regulator, the gene family KISS ME DEADLY (KMD), to be an early essential step in plant growth promotion by a soil bacterial volatile, 3-octanone. The KMD-regulated gene network alters the tissue sensitivity balance for the growth hormones auxin and cytokinin, modifying root growth rate and architecture. Previously, the Kelch repeat F-box gene family of KMDs have been shown to be important down-regulators of both positive cytokinin signaling and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, but upstream cues were unknown. This report places the KMD family regulation of plant growth and defense into its biotic context.
Leaving uncut refuges during meadow harvesting increases the functional diversity of Orthoptera

In the past, insect species richness was high in Central European seminatural grasslands, which were characterized by low‐intensity land use. Currently, however, the hay in most of these grasslands is mechanically harvested, which negatively impacts insect biodiversity. One way to reduce this negative effect is to leave unmown patches as refuges. In the current research we evaluated the short‐term effects of leaving an unmown patch on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the Orthoptera assemblage in a meadow. We found that orthopteran species richness and abundance were significantly reduced by mowing, whether or not a patch was left uncut. In contrast, functional evenness, indicating distribution of species abundances in a niche space, was reduced by mowing only if the plot lacked an uncut refuge. Functional richness, indicating the amount of niche space occupied by species, was elevated if the plot had an uncut refuge. Larger species were negatively affected by mowing, while habitat specialists, mobile species and soil‐ovipositing species benefitted from it. We infer that the presence of an uncut patch increased the diversity of habitats available to orthopterans and maintained even distribution of species among niche space. In summary, leaving an unmown refuge in grasslands could increase the functional diversity of orthopterans, even if it does not preserve taxonomic diversity.
Tobacco Cessation – as We Want It: An Interview Study with Young People

Background Smoking is still common among teenagers and young adults, and about every third young smoker states that he/she wants to quit smoking. There are no obvious evidence-based methods for tobacco cessation for young adults, and therefore, the same methods are used for adolescents and adults. The aim was to study adolescents’ and young adult’s experiences and views about what support they would like for smoking cessation. Methods A qualitative content study using a descriptive and exploratory design was conducted. Young smokers 16 - 29 years old (n=25) were interviewed in five focus groups in southern Sweden. Data were analyzed by content analysis. Results The results illuminate young people’s suggestions to develop a model for tobacco cessation. Four themes emerged; Finding your own motivation – a prerequisite for taking the first step towards giving up smoking. Existing support rejected - existing apps, support by SMS, and self-help brochures did not appeal to the adolescents. Agreement between friends – To sign an agreement between two friends, which included a fee for relapses. Supportive environment - To organize the model with duo groups and give adapted support, and create the opportunity to win simple prizes to celebrate achieved interim goals. Conclusions The participants suggested that the model for tobacco cessation should contain adult support and involve an agreement between friends, as well as have elements of celebration and competition. The challenge will be to implement this model into environments where they live.
Evolutionary history of Neotropical savannas geographically concentrates species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of lizards

Understanding where and why species diversity is geographically concentrated remains a challenge in biogeography and macroevolution. This is true for the Cerrado, the most biodiverse tropical savanna in the world, which has experienced profound biodiversity loss. Previous studies have focused on a single metric (species composition), neglecting the fact that ‘species’ within the biome are often composed of cryptic species. In order to identify biodiversity hotspots more robustly and across multiple dimensions we integrate functional, spatial and new phylogeographic data for the Cerrado lizard fauna by (a) mapping the spatial patterns of species and phylogenetic diversity; and (b) using endemism measures to identify areas of unique diversity. We then quantify the extent to which existing protected areas represent the diversity.
Working in large teams: Measuring the impact of a teamwork model to facilitate teamwork development in engineering students working in a real project

Teamwork is an essential competency for engineering graduates. Companies use high performing teams to efficiently adapt and meet complex societal demands. In several engineering programs students are expected to work in teams; however, teamwork is seen by most students as a course requirement to get a grade, rather than as a skill they need to master to become effective engineers. The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of students and measure the effectiveness of a teamwork training model used to manage large teams and promote teamwork competencies in engineering students when working on a real senior capstone design project. We used a mixed methods approach. For quantitative data, descriptive and inferential statistics are reported to understand how the students' perceptions about different teamwork constructs changed after the semester concluded. In addition, qualitative data were collected by semi-structured interviews. Results suggest that the teamwork model used to train the students was effective in helping them achieve their desired teamwork competencies and overcome the challenges of working in large teams. Students reported that they felt more ready to face the professional engineering working environment as they now recognize teamwork is a key required competency.
Robust Inexact Alternating Optimization for Matrix Completion with Outliers

We investigate the problem of robust matrix completion with a fraction of observation corrupted by sparsity outlier noise. We propose an algorithmic framework based on the ADMM algorithm for a non-convex optimization, whose objective function consists of an ℓ 1 norm data ﬁdelity and a rank constraint. To reduce the computational cost per iteration, two inexact schemes are developed to replace the most time-consuming step in the generic ADMM algorithm. The resulting algorithms remarkably outperform the existing solvers for robust matrix completion with outlier noise. When the noise is severe and the underlying matrix is ill-conditioned, the proposed algorithms are faster and give more accurate solutions than state-of-the-art robust matrix completion approaches. Mathematics
Temporal Microbial Response to Wetting-Drying Cycles in Soils within and Outside the Influence of a Shrub in the Sahel

Piliostigma reticulatum is a native woody shrub found in cropped fields in the Sahel and has been shown to increase crop productivity and soil quality. Frequently occurring drying and rewetting cycles (DRW) may alter the soil quality beneath these shrubs. We investigated the effect of DRW cycles on microbial community in soil beneath and outside the P. reticulatum canopy and the roles of this shrub in the adaptation of the microbial community to abiotic stress. Soils were incubated in a climate controlled chamber for 45 days, after exposure to 10 consecutive days of DRW cycles at 75% of water holding capacity (WHC). Basal respiration, β-glucosidase activity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and available nitrogen ( ; ) were measured at 2, 30, and 45 days after soil exposed to the DRW cycles. MBC increased significantly two days after the DRW cycles and was greater for soil beneath the shrub canopy compared with soil outside the shrub canopy. PCA analysis based on basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, available nitrogen, and β-Glucosidase activity resulted in a tight clustering in the beneath shrub soil samples. Soils incubated for more than 30 days after DRW cycles had higher available nitrogen content than soils incubated for less than 30 days. Soil from beneath the shrub canopy significantly improved soil resilience based on β-glucosidase activity. Soil from beneath the shrub canopy also had higher nutrient levels and greater microbial activity even when subjected to DRW cycles, potentially improving the ability of crops to withstand in-season drought when they are adjacent to shrubs. The work should bring our scientific community into a more comprehensive assessment of potential effects of a crop-shrub intercropping that may allow for increased crop yields in semi-arid ecosystems under drought conditions.
A review of augmented reality in educational applications

In education, augmented reality (AR) provides a better user experience due to its features of displaying 3D virtual information and interaction. Thus, many scholars have been attracted to developing this technology in their research. However, there are different types of AR technology represented in the educational environment. Therefore, the impact of using this technology in research may differ from one type to another. This paper provides an overview of AR technology in the educational environment. It investigates articles from three journals over three years (2017-2019). The paper is structured around three aims: first, to identify the type of AR used in each reviewed article; second, to extract the benefits of using AR technology, according to each type; and third, to specify the learning subject regarding each AR type. The review’s significant findings showed that “user satisfaction” is the most frequently mentioned positive impact of integrating AR in education. It is also mentioned in all AR types.
Improving the сontrol efficiency of metallurgical silicon production technology

The production of metallurgical silicon is characterized by the use of stationary units as ore-thermal furnaces. Such furnaces’ operational difficulties are associated primarily with a low level of automated control and management. The present article is concerned with the features of the modern technological process for metallurgical silicon production. The following issue of concern in the production chain as the lack of moisture control of the reducing agent was identified. A method that implies a comprehensive approach to control both technological and energy parameters, in particular humidity, ash content and particle size distribution of the reducing agent is proposed as a recommendation. An algorithm for the operation of an automatic control system with the introduction of additional functions that improves the efficiency of the furnace unit has been developed and justified.