Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Short Term Administration of Genistein on Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones in Ovariectomized Gilts

Administration of genistein to barrows increased anterior pituitary (AP) concentrations of IGF-I and LH and increased expression of AP IGF receptor. Whether similar changes occur in gilts remains to be determined. The objective of this experiment was to determine if short term administration of genistein increased expression of components of the AP IGF system and hypothalamic hormones and receptors involved in gonadotropin synthesis and/or release in the gilt. Sixteen crossbred gilts of similar weight (97.7 kg) were ovariectomized and assigned to either control (C; n = 8) or genistein (G; n = 8) groups. Genistein pigs received 800 mg of genistein in DMSO while C pigs received an equal volume of DMSO i.m. on day 0, 1, 2, and 3. Blood samples were obtained on day 0, 1, 2, and 3. Pigs were slaughtered on d 4 when blood, AP, and medial basal hypothalami (MBH) were collected. No difference was detected (P > 0.05) in AP concentrations of IGF-I or serum concentrations of IGF-I in C and G pigs. Anterior pituitary concentrations of LH were greater (P 0.05) in C and G pigs. Relative expression of AP IGFBP-5 and GnRHR was increased (P < 0.05) in G pigs compared with C pigs. Relative expression of AP LHβ did not differ between C and G pigs. Relative expression of MBH kisspeptin was greater (P < 0.01) in G pigs than C pigs. These data provided evidence that short term administration of genistein increased expression of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones in gilts which could influence subsequent reproduction.
Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact‐melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA—Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics

Abstract— The osmium isotope ratios and platinum‐group element (PGE) concentrations of impact‐melt rocks in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure were determined. The impact‐melt rocks come from the cored part of a lower‐crater section of suevitic crystalline‐clast breccia in an 823 m scientific test hole over the central uplift at Cape Charles, Virginia. The 187Os/188Os ratios of impact‐melt rocks range from 0.151 to 0.518. The rhenium and platinum‐group element (PGE) concentrations of these rocks are 30–270x higher than concentrations in basement gneiss, and together with the osmium isotopes indicate a substantial meteoritic component in some impact‐melt rocks. Because the PGE abundances in the impact‐melt rocks are dominated by the target materials, interelemental ratios of the impact‐melt rocks are highly variable and nonchondritic. The chemical nature of the projectile for the Chesapeake Bay impact structure cannot be constrained at this time. Model mixing calculations between chondritic and crustal components suggest that most impact‐melt rocks include a bulk meteoritic component of 0.01–0.1% by mass. Several impact‐melt rocks with lowest initial 187Os/188Os ratios and the highest osmium concentrations could have been produced by additions of 0.1%–0.2% of a meteoritic component. In these samples, as much as 70% of the total Os may be of meteoritic origin. At the calculated proportions of a meteoritic component (0.01–0.1% by mass), no mixtures of the investigated target rocks and sediments can reproduce the observed PGE abundances of the impact‐melt rocks, suggesting that other PGE enrichment processes operated along with the meteoritic contamination. Possible explanations are 1) participation of unsampled target materials with high PGE abundances in the impact‐melt rocks, and 2) variable fractionations of PGE during syn‐ to post‐impact events.
Micrometeorological measurements of CH4 and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and subarctic tundra

Exchanges of methane and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the Arctic tundra were measured continuously near Bethel, Alaska (61°05.41'N 162°00.92'W), for 5 weeks during July and August 1988. Fluxes were obtained directly using eddy correlation at 12-m altitude, and concentrations were measured sequentially at eight altitudes between 0 and 12 m. A prototype differential infrared absorption methane instrument based on a Zeeman-split HeNe laser was used for determination of methane and a flame ionization detector for total hydrocarbons (THC). Methane was found to account for nearly all the THC concentrations and fluxes. Methane fluxes at the tower site were apportioned to various methane-producing habitats, using a satellite image to classify surface vegetation at 20 × 20 m resolution. The “footprint” of the tower was computed using a Gaussian plume model for dispersion in the surface layer. Grid cells classified as dry tundra (water level 5 cm below surface) emitted methane at an average rate of 11±3 (standard error) mgCH4/m2/d, and wet meadow tundra (water level near surface) emitted 29±3 mgCH4/m2/d. Fluxes from lakes depended on wind speed, averaging 57±6 mgCH4/m2/d at the site, where the mean wind speed was 5ms−1. The mean emission rate for tundra (including lakes) around the tower was 25±1 mgCH4/m2/d, notably smaller than adopted for boreal wetlands in recent inventories of global methane sources. Emissions from major habitats derived from the tower measurements were in reasonable agreement with data from chamber studies. Errors of a factor of ∼2 accrued in scaling up the chamber data, representing 1 m2 plots, to the footprint of the tower measurements (103 m), because the satellite could not fully resolve heterogeneous methane-producing habitats. Fluxes obtained at the tower site were in harmony with fluxes from aircraft overflights. The aircraft data represent mainly afternoon periods with good flying weather, conditions associated with maximum CH4 fluxes in the tower time series. Mean fluxes from the aircraft are consequently ∼2 × higher than seasonal means from the region. Solar irradiance provided the primary control on the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide. The mean maximum uptake near the local solar noon was 1.4±0.2 gC/m2/d, and nocturnal respiration averaged 0.73±0.18 gC/m2/d. Net uptake of carbon dioxide averaged 0.30 gC/m2/d (0.1 tons C/hectare) during the period of the Arctic Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 3A). About 6% of the seasonal net uptake was returned to the atmosphere as methane.
Self-determined pedagogy and the amotivated student: Influence on student game play

An aspect deemed important in regards to student learning in physical education is the ability to demonstrate diverse skills within a variety of movement settings (National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 2004). Alderman, Beighle and Pangrazi (2006) suggest that motivation is a powerful influence on student learning of importance to this study is how to facilitate learning (i.e. psychomotor and cognitive) for students with low levels of motivation. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-determined pedagogy on amotivated student‟s motivation and game play. 81 (Male=41; Female=40) amotivated students were engaged in one of two treatment groups (self-determined pedagogy or control). Data were collected using a pretest and post test design whereby students completed a battery of motivational surveys and played a twenty-minute game of volleyball. Data were analyzed using multiple repeated measures ANOVAs and revealed a significant change in amotivated student‟s level of relatedness and game play involvement. Results indicate support for using a self-determined approach toward teaching when meeting the needs of students with low levels of motivation.
High redshift galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey

Context. Knowing the exact shape of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) of high-redshift galaxies is important to understand the star formation history of the early Universe. However, the uncertainties, especially at the faint and bright ends of the LFs, remain significant. Aims. In this paper, we study the UV LF of redshift z = 2.5 – 4.5 galaxies in 2.38 deg2 of ALHAMBRA data with I ≤ 24. Thanks to the large area covered by ALHAMBRA, we particularly constrain the bright end of the LF. We also calculate the cosmic variance and the corresponding bias values for our sample and derive their host dark matter halo masses. Methods. We have used a novel methodology based on redshift and magnitude probability distribution functions (PDFs). This methodology robustly takes into account the uncertainties due to redshift and magnitude errors, shot noise, and cosmic variance, and models the LF in two dimensions (z, MUV). Results. We find an excess of bright * M*UV galaxies as compared to the studies based on broad-band photometric data. However, our results agree well with the LF of the magnitude-selected spectroscopic VVDS data. We measure high bias values, b ~ 8 – 10, that are compatible with the previous measurements considering the redshifts and magnitudes of our galaxies and further reinforce the real high-redshift nature of our bright galaxies. Conclusions. We call into question the shape of the LF at its bright end; is it a double power-law as suggested by the recent broad-band photometric studies or rather a brighter Schechter function, as suggested by our multi-filter analysis and the spectroscopic VVDS data.
Security improvement of credit card online purchasing system

The paper aims to improve the security of the credit card online purchasing with taking into account the time and cost issues. Since the current online purchasing system using credit card has security drawbacks, a security improvement is suggested in this work by implementing a model which integrates the current authentication system of credit card with the fingerprint authentication. Moreover, it complements with a technique for validating and transmitting the fingerprint features. The customer submits his or her credit card information through the internet together with a file containing the fingerprint features and a validation code. This technique makes the customer feels more secure, at the same time it makes credit card fraud more difficult. Credit card information, fingerprint transaction authorization code and fingerprint features were the main components of the model. The authorization code is able to handle the usage of the scanned fingerprint features for one time only and preventing the submission of old and expired features. In addition, a ‘biometric and authorization code’ file is presented in this work to increase the fingerprint features security. It has its own structure in terms of storing the authorization code and fingerprint features which is unknown for the attacker and known only for the matching program. The average processing time consumed by the model to match all the data is 2.47 s while the overall accuracy rate was 99.48% with 0.52% error rate. Key words: Credit card, authentication, fingerprint and biometrics.
Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships among Far-Eastern salmonid fishes inferred from mitochondrial DNA divergence

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analysis was used to examine the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships among 11 taxa of the subfamily Salmoninae. The genera Brachymystax and Hucho were closely related, diverging by sequence divergence estimates of 3·1%. Because the mtDNA sequence divergence between bluntand sharp-snouted forms of Brachymystax (2·24%) was similar to divergence level of Brachymystax and Hucho, then taking into account the distinct morphological, ecological and allozyme differences between them, it is possible to recognize these forms as two separate species. The subgenus Parahucho formed a very distinct group differing by 6·35–7·08% (sequence divergence estimate) from both Brachymystax and Hucho and must be considered as a valid genus. The UPGMA and neighbour-joined phenograms showed that the five genera studied are divided into two main groupings: (1) Hucho, Brachymystax and Salvelinus; and (2) Oncorhynchus and Parahucho species. The mtDNA sequence divergence estimates between these groupings were about 8·1%. However, the subsequent bootstrap analysis of mtDNA RFLP data did not support the monophyly of the latter grouping. The concordance of morphological and mtDNA phylogenetic patterns is discussed. 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Proactive vs. Reactive Idle Power Control

In this paper we study power control algorithms that attempt to reduce power consumption of a resource by taking advantage of available low power states. The low power exit for such algorithms could be either “reactive” (i.e., triggered by trac arrival) or “proactive” (based on prediction of trac arrival time). We compare the two approaches by considering a class of exponential smoothing based prediction algorithms that can be implemented eectively at high speeds. We show that proactive algorithms can provide some added benefits at moderate trac loads. We also discuss detailed implementation of an algorithm that combines the two approaches and is appropriate for implementation in QuickPath, PCI-E, DMI and other platform components.
Electrically Small Resonators for Metamaterial and Microwave Circuit Design

A new branch in microwave engineering arose just few years ago with the emergence of metamaterials in 2000 (Smith et al., 2000). The implementation of the first artificial medium with negative effective dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability opened the door to the experimental study of a new kind of media: left-handed media. The possibility of the artificial implementation of such media allowed the corroboration of many of their electromagnetic properties, predicted years before by Viktor Veselago (Veselago, 1968). Since the year 2000, the interest stirred up by these new materials has given rise to numerous works in a wide range of scientific branches. The possibilities that metamaterials offer to create artificial media with controllable characteristics has permitted the creation of a growing number of completely new applications. Undoubtedly, the most innovative and spectacular application of such artificial media is their use in the implementation of cloaking structures to achieve invisibility, which can be accomplished thanks to the engineering of the refraction index of the different layers of the cloaking shield (Schurig et al., 2006). Within the vast number of new applications of metamaterials, one of the most productive ones is the implementation of microwave devices by means of artificial transmission lines. The following sections will deal with one of the approaches devoted to this purpose: the resonant-type approach. Different subwavelength resonators employed in the design of metamaterial transmission lines based on the resonant-type approach will be studied. The equivalent circuit models of different kinds of metamaterial transmission lines, as well as the parameter extraction methods employed as design and corroboration tools will be also presented. In closing, a selection of application examples of resonant-type metamaterial transmission lines in the design of microwave devices will be presented. 19
Getting at language use in translation history through dictionaries produced for interpreters

This paper examines dictionaries produced for military interpreters on the Western Front during the First World War as a source on the history of military interpreting. Methods from lexicography, translation studies, and the cultural history of the First World War provide us with possible approaches to this unique trace of language use in the past. History of translation and interpreting is thus shown to be in construction on the boundaries of several disciplines which mutually enrich each other.
Analysis of fuel mixing in fluidized beds

The present work describes a newly implemented 3D magnetic particle tracking system, which is tested in a fluidized bed down-scaled cold model. The method is used for experimental work with varying fluidization conditions, i.e. different superficial gas velocities, different pressure drops over the air distributor as well as different fixed bed heights. The measurement method obtains the motion of a single fuel particle at any time in the bubbling fluidized bed, which makes it possible to analyse the fuel mixing in fluidized beds. A method to calculate the lateral dispersion coefficient is developed. Further, the measurements of fuel dispersion in a hot industrial gasifier are described and results are compared with the values from the down-scaled model. The values show sufficient agreement. Analysis proves sufficient robustness of the measurement method and although the experiments are done with a single tracer particle the measurements give statistically expected distribution of many fuel particles moving in a fluidized bed. The presence of mixing cells and flow structures in a bubbling fluidized bed can be visualized in 3 dimensions, while the established bubble flows show expected trends like increasing size of bubble paths with increasing bed height and velocities.
Global streamflow and flood response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering

Abstract. Flood risk is projected to increase under future warming climates due to an enhanced hydrological cycle. Solar geoengineering is known to reduce precipitation and slow down the hydrological cycle and may therefore be expected to offset increased flood risk. We examine this hypothesis using streamflow and river discharge responses to Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G4 scenarios. Compared with RCP4.5, streamflow on the western sides of Eurasia and North America is increased under G4, while the eastern sides see a decrease. In the Southern Hemisphere, the northern parts of landmasses have lower streamflow under G4, and streamflow of southern parts increases relative to RCP4.5. We furthermore calculate changes in 30-, 50-, and 100-year flood return periods relative to the historical (1960–1999) period under the RCP4.5 and G4 scenarios. Similar spatial patterns are produced for each return period, although those under G4 are closer to historical values than under RCP4.5. Hence, in general, solar geoengineering does appear to reduce flood risk in most regions, but the overall effects are largely determined by this large-scale geographic pattern. Although G4 stratospheric aerosol geoengineering ameliorates the Amazon drying under RCP4.5, with a weak increase in soil moisture, the decreased runoff and streamflow leads to an increased flood return period under G4 compared with RCP4.5.
Ensemble of Support Vector Machine for Text-Independent Speaker Recognition

Summary In this paper, the ensemble of support vector machines is applied to text-independent speaker recognition, and the bagging-like model and boosting-like model are proposed by adopted the ensemble idea. The purposes of adopting this idea are to deal with the large scale speech data and improve the performance of speaker recognition. The distance-based and probability-based scoring methods are used to score the new utterance. Compared with the conventional vector-based speaker models (Vector Quantization and Gaussian Mixture Model), our method is hyperplan-based. The experiments have been run on the YOHO database, and the results show that our models can get attractive performances.
Political Refrom, Incentives and International Intervention: An Incomplete Contracts Approach

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the distribution of political authority and the intervention of the international community on the creation of incentives for political actors to carry out political reform in a post-conflict society. Our main conclusions are as follows. First, we should give political authority to political actors who have strong incentives to promote political reforms due to holding political authority. Second, the international community can promote effective political reform through appropriate intervention in the distribution of political authority.
The Effects of Legal Measures to Empower Supervisory Directors: Evidence from a Financial Distress Perspective

A great number of studies have been conducted over the past 20 odd years in search of the Holy Grail of corporate governance: the relationship between the corporate governance structure of a company and its financial performance. These studies predominantly hypothesize that ‘better’ corporate governance generates better corporate performance. The analysis is ‘upward-performance’ directed. This paper stresses that the ‘downward performance’ issue i.e. how does the company handle arising serious financial difficulties, is equally important, since it affects the sustainability of the company. A governance structure that facilitates the company to discover, analyse and solve its problems in a timely manner will improve the chances to avoid or survive serious financial difficulties. Our analysis shows that measures to strengthen the position of supervisory directors, to require a minimum number and a minimum availability are statistically significantly more often found in the control group of companies than in our financially distressed group. As for measures to ascertain independence and diversity of supervisors, our results suggest that these provisions have opposite effects. Control companies have less diverse and less independent supervisory boards than financially distressed companies.
Comparative study of inhibition of drug potencies of c- Abl human kinase inhibitors: A computational and molecular docking study

Structural studies suggest that the c-Abl protein kinase domain exists in two conformations; an active and an inactive form. There are many inhibitors which bind this tyrosine kinase in both forms. Many of these kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials too. The inhibition potency of these inhibitors is a common topic of discussion. In the present study we have taken a library of eight different inhibitors and docked those using GLIDE. After GLIDE docking we have also calculated induced fit results. The validity of the docking scores was compared to the post-docking score calculated by the Molecular mechanics-gernalised Boltzman/ surface area (MM-GB/SA) approach. During this process, Imatinib and Nilotinib showed very similar scores and binding energy. A comparative study of all eight inhibitors suggest that Imatinib and Nilotinib have the best binding scores and hence, they can be considered as the best drugs relative to PHA, VX6, PD3, PD5, P17 and Dasatinib. Our findings provide further rationale for considering kinase conformation in the design of kinase inhibitors. Key words: Docking, scoring, binding affinity.
Towards Extracting Motivation from Mobile Learners’ Movement Trajectories

This work in progress paper proposes a novel approach for evaluating the level of motivation of hikers who are guided by a location-based mobile learning application (LBML) through an outdoor recreation area. The aim is to extract this information, which is needed for evaluating the motivating effect of the digital tool, by tracking the hikers’ movements, and analyzing the resulting trajectories for spatio-temporal patterns related to motivation. In this preliminary work, we present the general approach for identifying these patterns and provide details with regard to the study design.
The Stability of Boolean Rules Memory Based on the Core Systems of Number-Processing

Activation of how and where arithmetic operations are displayed in the brain has been observed in various number-processing tasks. However, it remains poorly understood whether stabilized memory of Boolean rules are associated with background knowledge. The present study reviewed behavioral and imaging evidence demonstrating that Boolean problem-solving abilities depend on the core systems of number-processing. The core systems account for a mathematical cultural background, and serve as the foundation for sophisticated mathematical knowledge. The Ebbinghaus paradigm was used to investigate learning-induced changes by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a retrieval task of Boolean rules.