Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel crop rotations to enhance the provision of multiple ecosystem services underpinning arable production

Given the challenges posed to agriculture by future climatic changes, the need to increase production due to a growing population and at the same time, reduce environmental impacts and preserve biodiversity, it is vital that more sustainable and resilient food production systems are in place. Ecological intensification is an approach proposed to partially replace external inputs (i.e. synthetic fertiliser and pesticides) with the provision of biodiversity derived ecosystem services, to either maintain or increase food production. One promising management practice is crop diversification, both temporally and spatially, which has the potential to improve the provision of multiple ecosystem services underpinning agricultural production and to confer resilience to food production systems. Studies conducted over three years, compared the ability of three 4-year crop rotations, along a diversity gradient (simple, moderate and diverse), to enhance the provision of multiple ecosystem services and increase resilience. The ability of each rotation to increase soil ecosystem services (soil fertility), pollination service, resilience under abiotic stresses and provide food resources for pollinators was assessed. Experiments were conducted at the University of Reading’s Crop Research Unit, Sonning, Berkshire, UK in a free draining sandy/silty loam overlaying coarse red-brown sand of the Sonning series. Berkshire has a temperate climate with annual mean temperatures ranging between 6.7 °C and 14.5°C. More diverse crop rotations resulted in higher nutrient cycling and consequently higher nutrient availability (mineral nitrogen) to the crops. However, this presented a trade-off with soil carbon storage in the short term. Increased crop diversity resulted in higher yield stability with reduced external inputs, under varying climatic conditions, with yield increases of 1 t/ha on average, and improved system resilience, but it did not increase the provision of soil fertility and pest regulation under abiotic stresses (heat and drought). Increased diversity and insect pollination had a positive impact on oilseed rape yield components and higher diversity also led to a more stable provision of nectar resources throughout the pollinator flight season, attracting more bumblebees than less diverse rotations. The results presented here suggest that crop diversification is likely to be an important tool in the ecological intensification of agriculture. However, it will need to be combined with other strategies, both at local (e.g. reduced tillage practices and flower strips) and at a landscape (e.g. diversification of flowering crops) level, if ecological intensification is to be implemented broadly and successfully. Results also highlight the urgent need for future long-term research on the potential benefits of crop diversification.
Preferences and bottlenecks: predicting riverine species occurrences under changing abiotic conditions

The Chinese mystery snail, Bellamya (Cipangopaludina) chinensis, was recorded for the first time in 2007 in the Netherlands. By 2016, twelve water bodies (mostly riverine ecosystems) had been colonized by this freshwater snail. These records were the first known introductions of this alien species in the European Union (EU). Insight into the invasiveness and (potential) risks of ecological, socio-economic and public health effects of B. chinensis in Europe is urgently needed due to multiple introductions, permanent establishment and continuing secondary spread. A field survey was carried out to determine dispersal rate, habitat conditions and population characteristics of B. chinensis in the floodplain Eijsder Beemden along the river Meuse. The natural dispersal rate in this area was 0.1 km.yr and the average population density was 0.33 individuals.m. This species has colonized several floodplain lakes that are hydrologically connected to the river Meuse. New introductions and colonization of the main channels of large rivers are expected to accelerate the dispersal of this species through water flow and shipping vectors. A risk assessment of B. chinensis was performed using the Harmonia protocol. Evidence of deliberate and unintentional introductions led to a high score for introduction risk. Risk of establishment was also assessed as high. The risk assessment resulted in a medium score for spread risk due to dispersal by human action. The assessed impact on plant targets or animal targets was very low. A medium risk was assigned to impacts on environmental targets. Risk of impacts on human targets received a low score. The overall invasion risk was classified as high and environmental impact was medium, resulting in a medium overall risk score. Regulation of B. chinensis trade and an increase in public awareness about its impact are required to prevent new introductions and further spread of this species in Europe. Moreover, there is an urgent need for research concerning the effects of B. chinensis on native biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and costeffective management of this species (e.g., eradication, population control and containment measures).
Survival Patterns of Ontario Long-Term Care Admissions: Seven Years Experience

RÉSUMÉ Au cours d'une période de sept ans, allant de 1980 à 1987, une étude a été menée sur le taux de survie des patients placés dans des établissements de soins prolongés de la région d'Hamilton-Wentworth. L'état de tous les patients a été évalué avant que ces derniers ne soient placés par le Service de co-ordination du placement. De plus, leurs dossiers informatisés ont servi à constituer la base de données de l'étude. Au cours des sept années, 25 pour cent des patients sont morts dans des maisons de santé, des maisons pour personnes âgées et des maisons d'hébergement; tandis que 50 pour cent des patients sont morts après avoir été placés dans des centres pour malades chroniques. Environ 10 per cent des décès ont eut lieu au cours de la première année qui a suivi le placement dans des maisons d'hébergement, des maisons pour personnes âgées et des maisons de santé; tandis que 25 pour cent des patients sont morts au cours de la même année dans des centres pour malades chroniques. Le sexe semble jouer un rôle important dans la survivance de l'ensemble des patients. Par contre, l'âge au moment du placement, l'état matrimonial, l'ambulation, les conditions de vie, l'endroit où ils vivaient comparativement à celui où ils se trouvent et le fait que l'endroit où ils devaient être placés et celui où ils sont ne font qu'un, semblent avoir moins d'impact sur le taux de survivance. Il semble y avoir un lien entre le niveau de mémoire des patients au moment où ils furent placés et leur survivance dans des maisons de santé. En effet, les hommes « sans mémoire » et les femmes « sans mémoire » ou affichant un état de « confusion marquée » ont survécu plus longtemps que ceux ayant une mémoire dite « normale «. ABSTRACT Survivorship of patients placed into long-term care facilities within the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth was studied over a seven-year period from 1980 to 1987. All patients had been assessed prior to placement by the Placement and Coordination Service and their computer files served as the data base for this study. Over the seven years, 25 per cent of patients died in each of nursing homes, homes for the aged and lodging homes and over 50 per cent of patients died after being placed in chronic care hospitals. Approximately 10 per cent of the deaths occurred in the first year after placement in the lodging homes, homes for the aged and nursing homes, whereas 25 per cent died in this time in chronic care beds. Survivorship rates of all patients combined differed significantly for males compared with females, but were not significantly different for variables such as age at time of placement, marital status, ambulation, living arrangement, previous location of community versus institutions, and agreement between recommended and final placement. Client's memory at time of placement was associated with survivorship in a nursing home: males with “no recall” and females with “marked confusion” and “no recall” survived longer than those with “normal” memory.
Teaching and Learning Resources as Determinants of Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Kuria East and Kuria West Sub-Counties, Kenya

The continued increase in enrolment in secondary schools has put pressure on the limited teaching and learning resources thus affecting the academic performance of the schools. This study sought to determine the influence of teaching and learning resources on academic performance of public secondary schools of Kuria East and Kuria West Sub counties. Objectives of the study were to establish the influence of the level of adequacy the level of utilization of teaching and learning resources on academic performance in Kuria East and Kuria West sub-counties. The study employed Descriptive survey research design. Saturated random sampling technique was used to select 36 principals nested at 40 while stratified random sampling was used to select 138 out of 345 teachers . Data was collected through questionnaires, document analysis guide and observation checklist. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics involving percentages, mean and linear regression, qualitative data using content analysis. Findings indicated that adequacy of teaching and learning resources had significant effect on academic performance with a regression coefficient of 0.87 and utilization 0.28. The study recommended that the government should avail adequate teaching and learning resources in schools and the school management should foster optimal utilization of teaching and learning resources. Findings of the study may be useful to educational planners, policy makers, and educational managers to utilize teaching and learning resources efficiently and device measures to address shortages of the said resources in schools so as to improve academic performance and to academicians for research purposes.
A Novel Method for the Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Noble Gases in Produced Fluids

Hydrocarbon systems with declining or viscous oil production are often stimulated using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, such as the injection of water, steam, and CO2, in order to increase oil and gas production. As EOR and other methods of enhancing production such as hydraulic fracturing have become more prevalent, environmental concerns about the impact of both new and historical hydrocarbon production on overlying shallow aquifers have increased. Noble gas isotopes are powerful tracers of subsurface fluid provenance and can be used to understand the impact of EOR on hydrocarbon systems and potentially overlying aquifers. In oil systems, produced fluids can consist of a mixture of oil, water and gas. Noble gases are typically measured in the gas phase; however, it is not always possible to collect gases and therefore produced fluids (which are water, oil, and gas mixtures) must be analyzed. We outline a new technique to separate and analyze noble gases in multiphase hydrocarbon‐associated fluid samples. An offline double capillary method has been developed to quantitatively isolate noble gases into a transfer vessel, while effectively removing all water, oil, and less volatile hydrocarbons. The gases are then cleaned and analyzed using standard techniques. Air‐saturated water reference materials (n = 24) were analyzed and results show a method reproducibility of 2.9% for 4He, 3.8% for 20Ne, 4.5% for 36Ar, 5 . 3% for 84Kr, and 5.7% for 132Xe. This new technique was used to measure the noble gas isotopic compositions in six produced fluid samples from the Fruitvale Oil Field, Bakersfield, California.
Conjunction Observations of Energetic Oxygen Ions O+ Accumulated in the Sequential Flux Ropes in the High‐Altitude Cusp

Conjunction observations of the magnetic field and plasma by Cluster and TC‐1 at the dayside magnetosphere are presented to investigate the sequential flux ropes transferred from the low latitude boundary layer to the high‐altitude cusp on 10 March 2004.Three sequential flux ropes originating from the dayside low latitude magnetopause are first detected by TC‐1. After ~5.3 min, three sequential flux ropes accumulated with energetic oxygen ions are also detected by Cluster in the high‐altitude cusp. The recurrence period of these flux ropes is ~3 min. The number density of energetic oxygen ions in the cusp flux rope is ~0.25 cm−3 detected from CIS/CODF instrument on Cluster. It is found that oxygen ions with energy lager than 10 keV have a narrow pitch angle (less than 90°) distribution in the southern high‐altitude cusp. While oxygen ions with energy less than 10 keV are distributed in a wide pitch angle from 0 to 180°. Counter‐streaming energetic oxygen ions are found in these flux ropes in the high‐altitude cusp.This result suggests that the oxygen ions with energy less than 10 keV in the high‐altitude cusp have two source regions. One is from the dayside magnetopause, and the other is from the low‐altitude cusp. Our investigations first provide evidence that flux ropes at dayside low‐latitude magnetopause can carry energetic oxygen ions into the high‐altitude cusp region.
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 reconnaissance report

On 12 May 2008 at 2.28 pm Beijing Time, an Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred in the Wenchuan County of Sichuan province, China. The associated fault ruptured over 240 km on the ground surface. The resulting damage was very severe and widespread, with casualties of almost 70,000, another 18,000 missing and 370,000 injured. The New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering reconnaissance team observed the effects and the recovery from this massive earthquake. The team studied the damages caused to the natural and the built environment due to fault rupture, seismic shaking, huge landslides and rockfalls. Maximum shaking intensity of MM XI significantly exceeded design intensity of MM VII for the area. Earthquake induced landslides had a major and catastrophic impact on development and infrastructure in this earthquake. Site selection was demonstrated to be critical. Brittle or non-ductile and irregular buildings performed very poorly especially in a seismic overload situation. Well engineered structures and dams performed well. Lifeline facilities were severely damaged, which resulted in interruptions to key transportation routes, inhibited rescue and recovery operations.
Study on the Influencing Factors for Emergency Rescue of Nuclear Leakage

In order to study the key influencing factors of emergency rescue for nuclear leakage, based on the five aspects of nuclear emergency capability, reactor characteristics, surrounding environment, weather and climate, and accident time, we constructs a Markov probability transfer model for the influencing factors of emergency rescue for nuclear leakage by combining the cross impact and Markov transfer prediction, and a gulf nuclear power plant is selected as an illustrative case. In addition, the initial probability matrix is reasonably determined by the expert scoring method, and the stable matrix which can reflect the stability probability of each factor is finally obtained after the cross impact analysis and multiple Markov state transitions. The results show that the probability of nuclear emergency capability is increased in the emergency response analysis of nuclear leakage incidents, which truly reflects the development direction and degree of cross impact. Furthermore, it provides reference opinions for the emergency response of nuclear leakage incidents in the future.
Knowledge on-demand: a function of the future spatial knowledge infrastructure

ABSTRACT This paper conceptualises a future Spatial Knowledge Infrastructure (SKI), aparadigm shift from supplier-driven data and spatial analytics, to where end usersquery data at will to obtain new insights. The SKI addresses problems from theusers’ viewpoint, seeking real-time answers for informed decision making, ratherthan from a data producer’s perspective. The driving motivation, to satisfy society’sgrowing expectation for knowledge on-demand, targeting spatial infrastructuredesign from a knowledge-out rather than a data-in perspective. This paper exploresthe SKI framework and how Semantic Web technologies can be used to deliverservices in step with the knowledge on-demand revolution.
Multiproxy Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary event stratigraphy: An Umbria-Marche basinwide perspective

The complete and well-studied pelagic carbonate successions from the Umbria- Marche basin (Italy) permit the study of the event-rich stratigraphic interval around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (e.g., Deccan volcanism, boundary impact, Paleocene recovery, and climate). To test the robustness of various proxy records (bulk carbonate δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and Ca, Fe, Sr, and Mn concentrations) inside the Umbria-Marche basin, several stratigraphically equivalent sections were investigated (Bottaccione Gorge, Contessa Highway, Fornaci East quarry, Frontale, Morello, and Petriccio core). Besides the classical Gubbio sections of Bottaccione and Contessa, the new Morello section is put forward as an alternative location for this stratigraphic interval because it is less altered by burial diagenesis. Elemental profiles (Ca, Fe, Sr, Mn) acquired by handheld X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) efficiently provide regional chemostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information. The Deccan volcanism, the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, the characteristic pattern of the Sr/Ca profile across the boundary driven by the extinction and recovery of coccolithophores, and the Dan- C2 hyperthermal event are examples of such recorded paleoenvironmental events. Moreover, cyclostratigraphic analyses of proxies of detrital input (magnetic susceptibility and Fe concentrations) show the imprint in the sedimentary record of a 2.4 m.y. eccentricity minimum around 66.45-66.25 Ma, and suggest that the occurrence of the Dan-C2 hyperthermal event was astronomically paced.
Numerical simulation of two coalescing turbulent forced plumes in linearly stratified fluids

Author Posting. © AIP Publishing, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of [publisher] for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Lou, Y. , He, Z. , Jiang, H. , & Han, X. Numerical simulation of two coalescing turbulent forced plumes in linearly stratified fluids. Physics of Fluids, 31(3), (2019):037111, doi:10.1063/1.5087534.
Subseafloor Fluid and Chemical Fluxes Along a Buried‐Basement Ridge on the Eastern Flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Hydrothermal circulation of low‐temperature fluids within oceanic crust affects global biogeochemical cycles. We present data from a warm temperature (64 °C) hydrothermal system on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge to assess whether chemical fluxes to the ocean from these systems arise from the basaltic crust or the overlying sediment pore waters. Extensive sampling of this system included fluid chemical data from deep sea drilling, gravity coring, and submersible operations from five sites on a buried ridge that is parallel to the spreading center to the west. These data were subjected to a transport (advection‐diffusion) model to constrain chemical and fluid fluxes along this five‐site transect. Solutes (K, Cl, sulfate, Ba, Sr, Cs, Mo, and Y) that are nonreactive within the basaltic crust constrain the volumetric fluid flux per unit width within the basaltic crust from 0.05 to 0.2 m3 ·year−1 · cm−1, consistent with a recent tracer study. Using this average fluid flux, reactive fluxes were determined for twenty‐four solutes and partitioned among seawater, sediment and basaltic sources and sinks. Only Ca, Ce, and Gd were released from basaltic basement to the ocean, whereas other solutes (sulfate, Mg, K, Li, Rb, Cd, U, Y, Yb, Gd, and La) were consumed in the basaltic crust, and still others (Cl, Ba, Sr, Cs, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, NH3, and Zn) had a sediment origin with a net flux to the ocean. Diffusive exchange with the overlying sediment had a greater impact than seawater‐basalt reactions for some solutes.
Analysis of Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Calculations Using In Situ Observations

Using the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) to measure heat injury risk is paramount; however, without affordable instruments, the public has to rely on formulas. These formulas either overestimate WBGT (bad for production) or worse, underestimate WBGT (bad for humans, heat injury risk increases significantly and unnecessarily). Data were collected from 16 June 2018 through 16 July 2018 from the QUESTemp◦34 (Q34) and synchronous data from the Oklahoma Mesonet, and WBGT index values were compared from Q34’s calculations, Mesonet calculation using approximations of natural wet bulb temperature and black globe temperature, and three equations utilized by Eglin Air Force Base. With roughly 2.5 weeks of valid, filtered data, it was determined that the Mesonet calculations underestimate the instruments’, and all three of Eglins calculations overestimate the instruments’. Future work includes examining the algorithms created by the Tulsa Weather Forecast Office to calculate the Mesonet WBGT and comparing the WBGT to the Environmental Stress Index.
Annual Variations in Deaths by Age, Deaths by Cause, Prices, and Weather in London 1670 to 1830

The impact of annual variations in prices, temperature, and rainfall on annual fluctuations in age-specific and disease-specific mortality is examined for London from 1670 to 1830. The analysis reveals that deaths in London in the middle and older age groups tended to increase when grain prices were high. Increases in deaths among the elderly are associated with unusually cold winters and unusually warm summers. High grain prices tend to increase the incidence of epidemic diseases, while endemic diseases appear to increase with colder winters and warmer summers. The role of migration is discussed in the light of the results and the implications for long-term mortality decline are considered.
A Simulation of the Field‐Aligned Plasma Transport in the Plasmaspheric Plume During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm

In this paper, based on a calculated open E × B convection passage of a flux tube with subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) electric field involved, we use the Dynamic Fluid‐Kinetic model to simulate the transport of major ion species (H+, He+, and O+) along magnetic field line (field‐aligned) within the flux tube during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm. The drift trajectory is confirmed to be quite realistic based on observations and empirical models, meanwhile, the foot print of flux tube is initiated from subauroral latitudes toward polar latitudes along this drift pass. The Dynamic Fluid‐Kinetic simulation displays interesting temporal evolution of the field‐aligned plasma distribution at subauroral latitudes: The storm‐enhanced density region continuously provides upward ion flux filling into plasmasphere, but the equatorial mass loading in plasmaspheric plume increases at first and then decreases. Further analyses found that the SAPS particularly impact the field‐aligned transport of O+ particles from ionosphere to plasmasphere but have much less effect on H+ and He+ particles at subauroral latitudes, which causes significant enhancements of equatorial O+ density. The results show that the SAPS have significant effects on both drifting trajectory of the flux tube and associated field‐aligned ion dynamics. This work reveals intimate storm time interaction between the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere which may affect the dynamics in outer magnetosphere or even at magnetopause with flux tube convection.