Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Revised Family Code of 2000: Impact on norms and education in Ethiopia

This thesis examines the effect of the Revised Family Law implemented in Ethiopia in 2000, using a difference-in-difference approach. The main data used is from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for Ethiopia from 2000 and 2005. Utilizing the different regional timing of the implementation of the law, the effect of the law change is measured clear from other underlying trends. Focusing on the outcome variables for education and violence against women, the main results show that there is no increase in years of education attained, but that there is a positive change in norms as fewer women answer that it is justifiable to hit a wife. It is important to quantify the relations between policy and outcomes in order to give policy recommendations that work and that will improve women’s lives. Because cultures and norms differ widely, it is important to study empirical data in the country concerned and not only extrapolate knowledge from studies done other places in the world.
Recodificação de atributos para learning to rank usando autoencoders

Neste trabalho, nos avaliamos de forma abrangente o impacto e potencial que o aprendizado profundo de representacoes alternativas tem enquanto aprimorador de resultados em tarefas de ordenacao de documentos. Nos utilizamos autoencoders empilhados para criar um conjunto de centenas de representacoes alternativas de diversas bases de dados, e as avaliamos sob a otica do desempenho de diversos algoritmos tradicionais de aprendizado de ordenacao de documentos. Em outras palavras, procuramos saber o quao facil ou dificil e aprimorar a representacao dos dados, usando autoencoders, que esses algoritmos utilizam em suas tarefas de aprendizado, e o quao melhores tais representacoes podem ser. Utilizamos o autoencoder para percorrer o dominio de representacoes possiveis de forma uniforme, de modo a, tambem, procurar entender o quao util o autoencoder e para tal tarefa. Vemos em nossas analises que e possivel, embora dificil, aprimorar a representacao dos dados de forma relevante, obtendo resultados superiores ao estado da arte nas tarefas de ordenacao de documentos. Vemos tambem que ha conjuntos de hiperparâmetros do autoencoder que tendem a gerar resultados melhores.
The effect of the traditional medicine phela on p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 drug transporters in the gastrointestinal tract of a rat model

Error! Bookmark not defined. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENT WORK . iii SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v ABBREVIATIONS . xiv LIST OF FIGURES . xvi LIST OF TABLES . xviii CHAPTER 1 . 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2 . 3 LITERATURE REVIEW: PART I-AN OVERVIEW OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORTERS . 3 2.1 Drug absorption . 3 2.2 Membrane transporters . 4 2.2.1 P-glycoprotein. 7 2.2.2 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 . 7 2.2. 3 Role of efflux transporters in oral drug absorption . 7 2.2. 4 Efflux transporters inhibition associated interactions . 8 LITERATURE REVIEW: PART II-SUBSTRATES AND INHIBITORS OF PGLYCOPROTEIN AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 2 TRANSPORTERS . 9
Enhancing adherence to antiretroviral treatment : the potential role of church leaders in Vulindlela, KwaZulu-Natal.

i Declaration. ii Dedication . iii Acknowledgements . iv Map of the Vulindlela Region . viii Acronyms . ix Chapter One . 1 Introducing the study . 1 1.
The pressure of parenting - does it predict attachment? : a study of the contribution of maternal parenting stress and family functioning to infant attachment

Objective: To investigate whether maternal levels of parenting stress and maternal report of family functioning measured during an infant's first year predict infant attachment in the second year. Previous studies have demonstrated a concurrent relationship between these two factors and infant attachment, but not a predictive one. Design: Prospective. Method: Participants were 104 mothers and their 17-month old infants who were already part of a large prospective study of normal infants. Demographic information was collected when the infants were 3 months old. The Parenting Stress Index (Short Form) and the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device were completed by the mother at 10 months. At 17 months the mother and her infant took part in the Strange Situation procedure to assess attachment. Results: Neither parenting stress nor family functioning predicted attachment when the data from the whole sample were analysed. However, in a subgroup of mothers reporting high parenting stress, higher levels of parenting stress predicted an ambivalent infant attachment. In addition, poor family functioning also predicted an ambivalent attachment in a subgroup of mothers scoring at or above the clinical cut-off for family functioning. Conclusions: Mothers in this study did not find parenting very stressful - this may explain the failure to confirm the hypotheses in the full sample. The fact that, above a certain threshold, parenting stress did affect later infant attachment indicates that different processes may operate in mothers with high and low levels of parenting stress.
Bare singulars and so-called bare singulars

This thesis investigates bare singular nouns from a cross-linguistic perspective, with an emphasis on Spanish. While there has been considerable work on bare plural and bare mass nominals, there is, in comparison, little work on bare singulars and this dissertation aims to fill that gap. I examine the behaviour of bare singulars in argumental position in Rioplatense Spanish (RS), Catalan, Greek, Norwegian, Brazilian Portuguese (BP), Persian and Afro-Bolivian Spanish (ABS) – all of which make use of bare singulars even if they have an indefinite determiner as part of their functional array. I argue that these languages can be split into two groups depending on the position and interpretation that bare singulars occupy. For the first group (RS, Catalan, Greek and Norwegian) I argue against a number neutral (pseudo)incorporation analysis. Based on their referential properties, binding possibilities and singular number specification, I propose that they are DPs, albeit of a defective type. Group 2 bare singulars (BP, Persian and ABS) are truly number neutral DPs. I propose that this is the case as bare plurals, standardly assumed to be number neutral, cannot fulfil that role in these languages. The second part of my dissertation focuses on predicate nominals, both bare and with the indefinite article, in Spanish. Following Roy (2013), I defend the idea that the relation of predication is only one and that the different interpretations available depend on the size of the predicate nominal. Bare predicate nominals in Spanish behave by and large like their French counterparts – any noun can appear bare as long as it is interpreted as the ascription of a property to the subject. Predicate nominals with the indefinite article, on the other hand, will be analysed as containing a degree phrase. The third part of my dissertation deals with the two copulas in Spanish.
Women’s intentions to Human Papillomavirus self-sample: development of an intervention to increase self-sampling intentions

Testing for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is being incorporated into the cervical screening programme, with the probable future introduction of HPV as a primary test and a possibility of HPV self-sampling. In anticipation of this development, it is imperative to identify potential barriers to HPV self-sampling. The work presented in this thesis identified women’s attitudes and intentions regarding the possible introduction of primary HPV self-sampling, and developed a preliminary intervention designed to address barriers and increase intentions to HPV self-sample. A mixed-methods approach was used to explore women’s attitudes and intentions regarding HPV self-sampling through a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, in-depth qualitative interviews and intervention user testing. A questionnaire based on the extended Health Belief Model was developed and validated using content validity assessment and cognitive interviews. A survey of 194 women recruited through Cervical Screening Wales and in community settings identified that perceiving more barriers than benefits to HPV self-sampling, reporting lower self-efficacy in relation to self-sampling, and lower HPV knowledge were associated with lower hypothetical intention to HPV self-sample. Qualitative interviews with a sub-sample of 19 survey participants revealed further barriers including lack of confidence in ability to self-sample correctly, lack of confidence in self-sampling results, concerns about sample contamination and identity theft, and low confidence in the rationale for the introduction of a new screening programme. Content designed to address these barriers was incorporated into a leaflet designed to increase intentions to HPV self-sample. The leaflet was well received in user testing. Overall, findings suggest that if HPV self-sampling is incorporated into the cervical screening programme, personal and system barriers as well as concerns about operational factors will need to be addressed. The pilot HPV self-sampling intervention may be a mechanism for increasing intention to HPV self-sample by improving women’s HPV knowledge, confidence in their ability to self-sample properly, and confidence in operational factors. It is anticipated that this may alleviate women’s concerns about a new method of cervical screening, ultimately leading to increased uptake.
Pathologic correlates in stable coronary plaques. Traditional and novel insights from pathology

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the most common cause of death overall and is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide . Although huge advances in medical therapy have been made within the last decades, the number of worldwide deaths due to CAD will further increase according to current forecasts . Based on the knowledge and understanding of CAD which cardiovascular research has provided over the last decades, patient care has made substantial progress in daily clinical practice. Although the implementation and further refinement of invasive treatment techniques have paved the way for revolutionary concepts especially in the setting of acute coronary syndromes, a true mortality benefit after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of stable lesions has not been shown to date, which may partly be explained by incomplete understanding of atherosclerotic lesion progression underlying the symptomatic presentation of patients with CAD. Therefore, the following review focuses on traditional knowledge and novel concepts of stable atherosclerotic coronary plaque progression from a pathological point of view, to provide a foundation for future technological refinements and novel therapeutic approaches.
program outcome in follicular lymphomas treated with a rituximab-intensive Persistence of minimal residual disease in bone marrow predicts

Gaia Rossi, Enrica Gamba, Andrea Evangelista and Umberto Vitolo Angela Ferrari, Francesco Zaja, Andrea Gallamini, Giorgina Specchia, Pellegrino Musto, Francesca Di Raimondo, Luigi Rigacci, Antonello Pinto, Sara Galimberti, Alessia Bari, Delia Rota-Scalabrini, Elisa Genuardi, Annalisa Chiappella, Luca Baldini, Giuseppe Rossi, Alessandro Pulsoni, Francesco Marco Ladetto, Chiara Lobetti-Bodoni, Barbara Mantoan, Manuela Ceccarelli, Carola Boccomini, program outcome in follicular lymphomas treated with a rituximab-intensive Persistence of minimal residual disease in bone marrow predicts
Indirekte Meßverfahren zur Bestimmung der spektralen Verteilung von Röntgenstrahlung

Eine direkte Messung der spektralen Verteilung von Röntgenstrahlung ist häufig nicht möglich, da der Photonenflug zu hoch ist. Man muß deshalb zu indirekten MeRverfahren greifen, von denen zwei in dieser Arbeit beschrieben werden, nämlich die Reduktion des Photonenflusses durch Absorption sowie die Messung der an einem Target gestreuten Photonen. Die Berechnung der primären spektralen Verteilung wird erläutert und an einem Beispiel dargestellt.
Marital status and its relation to the use of short-stay hospitals and nursing homes.

: Marital status has been associated with a wide variety of health indices and health practices. To better understand the relation of marital status to use of health facilities, discharge data from two surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics--the 1979 National Hospital Discharge Survey and the 1976 National Nursing Home Survey--were examined by marital status, sex, age, diagnosed condition, and, for nursing home data, source of payment. For the four marital status categories considered in this analysis (married, never married, separated and divorced, and widowed), married and never married persons had the lowest overall discharge rates and widowed persons had the highest. Among men in each of the categories, those less than 45 years of age had the lowest rates, while never married and widowed men 45 and older generally had the highest rates. Among persons 45 years of age and older, the married-especially women-had the lowest rates and the never married-especially men-had the highest rates. A consistent finding was that, for never married persons, rates of use for both short-stay hospitals and nursing homes, as measured by discharge rates, increased to a greater degree with age than they did for the other marital groups. The possible reasons for the difference in use of health facilities by the different marital groups are discussed and the importance of marital status as a determinant of such use is stressed.
OP0038 Patients with Fibromyalgia (FM) do not Fulfill Classification Criteria for Axial Spondyloarthritis (AXSPA) but Patients with Axspa May Fulfill Classification Criteria for FM

Background Both patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are suffering from pain. The new ASAS classification criteria for axSpA have been recently challenged by arguing that FM patients could easily fulfill the clinical arm of the criteria, which could lead to overdiagnosis of axSpA and wrong treatment decisions. Objectives To study similarities and differences between axSpA and FM using different sets of classification criteria and to assess the severity of wide-spread pain in both diseases. Methods In this prospective study, patients were consecutively included if they were diagnosed with axSpA, or FM by a rheumatologist. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were also included as an inflammatory control group. Patients on anti-TNF treatment were not included. Established classification and outcome parameters as well as standardized instruments were used in all patients. MRIs were performed in all axSpA and 20 FM patients. All axSpA and FM patients had radiographs. The Mann-Whitney-U test was used for statistical comparisons between groups. Results A total of 214 patients was included: 93 with FM (7.5% HLA B27+), 91 with axSpA (79.1% HLA-B27+) and 30 with RA (53.3% seropositive). The mean age was 50.7±9.1, 43.0±12 and 58.4±11.9 years, respectively, and the mean symptom duration was comparable between groups: 6.6±6.9, 6.4±7.8 and 6.2±11.3, respectively. Expectedly, the gender ratio differed: FM and RA patients were mostly female (93.4% and 76.7%, respectively), as compared to axSpA patients (28.3%). The ASAS classification criteria were not fulfilled by any FM patient. In contrast, the 1990 and 2010 FM criteria were fulfilled by 98.3% and 100% of patients with FM, but also by 14.3% and 34.1% of axSpA (no differences between AS and nr-axSpA) and 30% and 46.7% of RA patients, respectively. The Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) values were 69.5±13.0, 45.4±19.3 (p<0.001) and 49.9±22.8, respectively, while the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) values were 1.7±0.5, 1.2±0.5 (p<0.001) and 1.6±0.8, for FM, axSpA and RA, respectively. FM patients reported the highest pain scores on a 0-10 numeric rating scale: 7.0±1.7 vs. 6.0±1.9 and 6.1±1.9 in axSpA and RA patients, respectively, while mean CRP values (mg/dl) were higher in axSpA (1.1±1.3) and RA (0.6±0.9) patients vs. FM (0.4±0.4) (both p<0.001). Conclusions Importantly, no FM patients fulfilled ASAS classification criteria. Only a small proportion of patients with axSpA fulfilled any of the FM classification criteria. There was less overlap between patients with FM, axSpA and RA using the 1990 criteria as compared to the more sophisticated 2010 FM criteria. FM patients reported higher pain scores and more functional deficits. Some patients with widespread pain may have underlying axSpA - this differential diagnosis needs to be taken into account when dealing with the diagnosis of FM in daily practice. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Validación de la Escala de Apreciación de Agencia de Autocuidado (ASA) para Costa Rica, para población con enfermedad crónica

Introduction. This paper presents the results of the validation process of appearance, content and internal consistency of the second Spanish version of the ASA scale with Costa Rican adult population with chronic disease. Self-care theory developed by Dorothea Orem (1983) coined the term self-care agency, defined as "the ability to engage in self-care" (p.112), which has been the foundation of international instruments as scale Exercise Self Care Agency. Method. It was a descriptive study with a quantitative and psychometric approach, conducted with a sample of 106 people. Result. The test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) gave acceptable data rate of 0.65; the Bartlett test of sphericity was statistically significant with a p-value <0.000; Gl 276 and 563.9 chi. Likewise, the study by the ACP factorial method with Varimax rotation analysis suggested 5 factorial axes which accounted for 56.76% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 (84%), which means that the total of the items that fail to measure the scale includes the same concept, or positively correlated. Conclusion. It managed to say that the instrument has adequate content validity, with valid and appropriate psychometric properties also demonstrated high reliability
Algorithmic Capitalism in the Epoch of Digital Reason

Algorithmic trading (automated trading, black-box trading, or simply algo-trading) is the process of using computers programmed to follow a defined set of instructions for placing a trade in order to generate profits at a speed and frequency that is impossible for a human trader. The defined sets of rules are based on timing, price, quantity or any mathematical model. Apart from profit opportunities for the trader, algo-trading makes markets more liquid and makes trading more systematic by ruling out emotional human impacts on trading activities.
Dedicated non-epistemic possibility oppositions and Ossetic modal constructions

Modality and its types are understood in typological studies in different ways, but I will not discuss this matter here (see Nuyts 2005; 2006). In the paper, I will use the terminology proposed by Johan van der Auwera and Vladimir Plungian (1998: 80-81). van der Auwera and Plungian define modality as a large semantic domain with two main meanings, viz. possibility and necessity. Both of the meanings can be epistemic (judgment of the speaker) or non-epistemic (participant oriented modality). The latter has sub-meanings of participantinternal modality and participant-external modality. As this article deals with possibility, I will not define the necessity sub-meanings. Participant-internal possibility is understood as “possibility internal to a participant engaged in the state of affairs” or participant’s ability / capacity (e.g. Boris can get by with sleeping five hours a night) (van der Auwera and Plungian 1998: 80). Participant-external possibility “refers to circumstances that are external to the participant, if any, engaged in the state of affairs” (ibid.) and that make this state of affairs possible (e.g. To get to the station, you can take bus 66). Deontic possibility is a special case of participant-external possibility which “identifies the enabling or compelling circumstances external to the participant as some person(s), often the speaker, and/or as some social or ethical norm(s) permitting. the participant to engage in the state of affairs” (ibid.: 81) (You may come in). van der Auwera and Plungian offer a semantic map of modality which shows the grammaticalization paths of possibility and necessity, cf. Figure 1.
Diagnóstico de Glaucoma em Imagens de Fundo de Olho utilizando os Índices de Diversidade de Shannon e McIntosh

O glaucoma e uma doenca ocular assintomatica nos estagios iniciais que se nao tratada pode levar a cegueira. Na maioria dos casos provoca um aumento da pressao dentro do olho (pressao intraocular) causando lesoes no nervo optico. O uso de tecnicas de processamento de imagens para a analise de imagens do fundo do olho auxiliam os especialistas no diagnostico do glaucoma, prevenindo assim a perda de visao. Neste trabalho e proposto um metodo para diagnostico do glaucoma em imagens de fundo de olho utilizando os indices de diversidade de Shannon e McIntosh como descritores dos padroes de textura e support vector machine (SVM) para classificacao. A aplicacao dos indices de Shannon e McIntosh como descritores de textura mostrou-se eficaz alcancando como melhor resultado uma acuracia media de 88,35%, uma sensibilidade media de 84,50% e uma especificidade media de 91,37%.
Tuberculin purified protein derivative immunotherapy in the treatment of viral warts

Introduction: Viral warts are caused by human papillomavirus. Although various treatment modalities are available, many of them result in the partial clearance of warts or recurrence. Immunotherapy has been tried in the recent times with variable success rates. We undertook a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy using tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) for the treatment of viral warts. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 patients were included in the study. Each patient was injected with 10 TU of tuberculin PPD (0.1 ml) intralesionally in the largest wart at 2 weekly interval. A total of maximum six treatment sessions were conducted. Resolution of viral warts was considered as the clinical end point of the study. The clinical assessment was done by photographic measurements at baseline, before each treatment session, and 3 weeks after the completion of treatment. Results: A total of 62.2% patients (28 out of 45) showed complete clearance at injected and distant warts, eight patients (17.8%) showed partial clearance, and nine patients (20%) showed no improvement. No significant side effects were observed except for localized hair loss around injected viral wart over the scalp. Conclusion: Tuberculin PPD immunotherapy was found to be a safe and effective treatment modality for the treatment of viral warts.