Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An estimate of numbers of grey-faced petrels (Pterodroma macroptera gouldi) breeding on Moutohora (Whale Island), Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, during 1998-2000

Moutohora (Whale Island) holds the largest surveyed breeding colony of grey-faced petrels (Pterodroma macroptera gouldi). For our estimate of the breeding population, we divided the island into 16 sections within which burrow densities were approximately uniform; the surface areas of these sections were found by planimetry. Apparently completed burrows were counted in 1998-2000 within each section by plots of 2 m radius along linear transects, or by 10 X 10 m contiguous plots. The total estimate (+ SE) for the island was 109,000 * 10,000 burrows, which equates to about 95,000 pairs breeding annually, given an occupancy rate of about 87%. The population has apparently more than doubled since Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and rabbits (Oyctolagus cuniculus) were eradicated in 1985/87. Imber, M.J.; Harrison, M. ; Wood, S.E. ; Cotter, R.N. 2003. An estimate of numbers of grey-faced petrels (Pterodroma macroptera gouldi) breeding on Moutohora (Whale Island), Bay of Plenty, New ~ealaLd, during i998-2000. Notornis
Study of Households' Income in Poland by Using the Statistical Physics Approach

At the end of 19th century Vilfredo Pareto, as the ﬁrst tried by using power-laws to describe wealth andincome distributions in society. We applied early works of Pareto as well as Gibrat (i.e. laws of Pareto andrulesofproportionategrowth,respectively). Furthermore,weusedrecentandadvancedmodels: theGeneralisedLotka–Volterramodelandcollisionmodels. ByusingempiricaldataforannualincomeofPolishhouseholds,e.g.for years 2003 and 2006, the comparison with these theoretical models was successfully made. The surprisinglygoodagreementswithParetodistributionwereobtained, whereParetoexponentsnearthecubiclawwerefoundformiddleclass. Forthelowclassverygoodagreementwithpredictionofthecumulativelog–normaldistributionwasgained. Hence,itwaspossibletoestablishtheborderbetweenlowandmiddlesocietylevels. Thesamewaspossiblefortheborderbetweenhighandmiddleclassesastherankingfortheformerfollows(tosomeextent)theZipflaw.PACSnumbers:89.20.
Understanding the nature of household poverty in Botswana

In Botswana, poverty is mainly a structural problem which arises from the pattern of economic growth. This paper is a contribution to the understanding of the nature of poverty in Botswana. The analysis is at two levels – the policy level and household level. While it is not wrong to base the success of poverty reduction initiatives on private sector development, the stark reality is that little has been achieved to date. In addition to the policy environment, this paper examined household characteristics that contribute to poverty in Botswana. A logistic regression model was estimated using urban food security baseline survey data from Gaborone to examine demographic, social and economic factors that determine household poverty. The estimation results showed a positive and significant relationship between household size, total household consumption expenditure and household poverty status. These results also carry significant information relating to the design of specific programmes targeted at addressing poverty at this level. Keywords: poverty, structural problem, policy environment, food security, consumption.
Multifunctional Antenna with Reconfigurable Ultra-Wide Band Characteristics

In this paper a multifunctional antenna is presented which offers an ultra-wideband (UWB) operation, an UWB operation with two switchable notches and reconfigurable dual-band operation for WiMAX and WLAN applications, respectively. Total seven functions/states could be achieved from a single antenna using an electronic switching. The antenna uses dual slots on the ground plane to provide a wide bandwidth, ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. U-shaped slot and C-shaped printed strip in the ground are used to generate two notches at 3.6 GHz (WiMAX) and 5.2 GHz (WLAN/ WiFi) bands, respectively. Moreover, four parasitic strips are added in the feed side to make antenna functional at either 3.6 GHz or 5.2 GHz or both. Total five PIN diodes are required to obtain seven operations from the proposed antenna. Seven structures are fabricated and measured to verify the seven states and results are found in good agreement with estimated results obtained from the simulation.
VLT integral field spectroscopy of embedded protostars: using near-infrared emission lines as tracers of accretion and outflow

Aims. We present near-infrared spectroscopy of the forbidden emission line (FEL) and molecular hydrogen emission line (MHEL) regions at the bases of Herbig-Haro (HH) jets from seven embedded protostars: SVS 13 (the HH 7-11 progenitor), HH 26-IRS, HH 34-IRS, HH 72-IRS, HH 83-IRS, HH 300-IRS (IRAS 04239+2436) and HH 999-IRS (IRAS 06047-1117) Methods. The integral field spectrograph, SINFONI, on the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) was used to characterise jet parameters in these formative regions, where the jets are collimated and accelerated. Results. We find considerable differences in the spectra of HH 83-IRS when compared to the other six sources; CO bandhead and atomic permitted lines from Ca i ,N ai ,M gi and Al i are observed in emission in all but HH 83-IRS, where they are detected in absorption. It is likely that this source is more evolved than the others (or at the very least considerably less active). Strong CO bandhead emission is also detected in emission in the other six sources, while extended H2 ro-vibrational and [Fe ii] forbidden emission lines trace the outflows (only the HH jet from HH 83-IRS is undetected). CO bandhead and Brγ emission peaks are in most cases coincident with the jet source continuum position, consistent with excitation in an accretion disk or accretion flow. However, in the closest source, HH 300-IRS, we do find evidence for excitation in the outflow: here the emission peak is offset by 3.6(±0.7) AU along the flow axis. We also note a correlation between CO and Mg i ,N ai and Ca i intensities, which supports the idea that these atomic permitted lines are associated with accretion disks. From H2 and [Fe ii] images we measure jet widths and derive upper limits to flow component opening angles. Although we do not find that the ionised [Fe ii] component is consistently narrower than the H2 flow component, we do find that narrower H2 and/or [Fe ii] flow components are associated with higher radial velocities (as reported in the literature). Flow opening angles, over the first few hundred AU in each source, are measured to be in the range 21 ◦ –42 ◦ in both H2 and [Fe ii]. Finally, from our 3-D data we are also able to map the extinction and electron density at the base of the outflows from some of our targets: within a few hundred AU, both decrease sharply with distance from the source. Conclusions. It seems clear that collimated atomic and molecular jets, which may initially exhibit a wide opening angle, are a feature of outflows from Class I protostars, Class II T Tauri stars, and possibly even Class 0 sources, and that these jets can be traced to within a few hundred AU of the driving source. A common jet collimation and acceleration mechanism seems inescapable for all stages of low mass star formation.
A Review Paper on Tweet segmentation and its Application to Named Entity Recognition

-Twitter has become one of the most important communication channels with its ability providing the most up-to-date and newsworthy information. Considering wide use of twitter as the source of information, reaching an interesting tweet for user among a bunch of tweets is challenging. A huge amount of tweets sent per day by hundred millions of users, information overload is inevitable. For extracting information in large volume of tweets, Named Entity Recognition (NER), methods on formal texts. However, many applications in Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) suffer severely from the noisy and short nature of tweets. In this paper
What Do We Learn from the Price of Oil Futures

It is common to rely on prices of oil futures to predict the path of the spot price of oil. Based on a two-country, two-period general equilibrium model of the spot and futures markets for crude oil, we clarify the conditions under which oil futures prices can predict the spot price, We document that these conditions are violated in the data. Using a newly constructed data set of monthly oil futures prices and oil spot prices that takes careful account of the exact dating of the underlying daily time series, we find that futures-based forecasts of oil prices tend to be less accurate than forecasts from alternative easy-to-use methods such as the no-change forecast. This result does not mean, however, that there is no useful information in oil futures prices. Under plausible conditions our model implies a positive correlation between the risk premium embodied in the price of oil futures and the component of the global spot price of oil driven by precautionary demand for oil. Under the random walk benchmark, this risk premium is observable. Its evolution over time suggests major shifts in precautionary demand during the Persian Gulf War and following the Asian crisis, for example. Our analysis provides independent evidence on how shifts in market expectations about future oil supply shortfalls affect the spot price of crude oil.
Facebook: Friend or Foe? Exploring the Relationship Between Social Media Use, Social Comparison, Self-Esteem and Affect

Festinger’s social comparison theory suggests humans have a drive to gain accurate selfevaluations through comparison to others. As social media continues to expand, different platforms for social comparison are continuously being created allowing for individuals to compare themselves to millions of people worldwide. Social media provides the perfect platform for meticulous self-presentation. Frequent social media users may believe that others are happier and more successful than themselves, which could lead to lower self-esteem. Research also suggests that participants high in social comparison orientation seek out social comparisons on social media. Thus, an individual’s tendency to compare oneself to others may increase Facebook use and negatively affect their self-perception and mood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between social media use, social comparison orientation, selfesteem and affect. Participants (N=234) were recruited through Mechanical Turk and convenience sampling. Facebook use, social comparison orientation, self-esteem and affect were measured. It was hypothesized that individuals with higher social comparison orientation will use Facebook more frequently and that heavier Facebook use will be associated with lower selfesteem and greater negative affect. Gender differences were also examined, and it was expected that women would score higher than men on all variables. The results showed there is a relationship between social comparison orientation, affect and Facebook use. Facebook use was positively correlated with social comparison orientation and negative affect. No significant relationship was found between frequency of Facebook use and self-esteem. Women reported using Facebook more and engaging in more social comparison. The current findings increase our understanding of the correlations to Facebook use and suggests that there are important gender differences in social media use.
Does Asymmetric Information Affect the Premium in Mergers and Acquisitions? (Est‐ce que l'information asymétrique affecte la prime payée dans les opérations de fusion et d'acquisition?)

We test the influence of information asymmetry on the premium paid for an acquisition. We analyze mergers and acquisitions as English auctions. The theory of dynamic auctions with private and common value predicts that more informed bidders may pay a lower price. We test that prediction with a sample of 1,026 acquisitions in the United States between 1990 and 2007. We assume that blockholders of the target's shares are better informed than other bidders because they possess privileged information on the target. Our empirical results show that blockholders pay a much lower premium than do other buyers
Pedagogical resources management for e-learning

E-learning leads to evolutions in the way of designing a course. Diffused through the web, the course content cannot be the direct transcription of a face to face course content. A course can be seen as an organization in which different actors are involved. These actors produce documents, information and knowledge that they often share. We present in this paper an ontology-based document-driven memory which is particularly adapted to an e-learning situation. The utility of a shared memory is reinforced in this kind of situation, because the interactions do not usually occur in the same place and in the same time. First we precise our conception of e-learning and we analyze actors needs. Then we present the main features of our learning organizational memory and we focus on the ontologies on which it is based. We consider two kinds of ontologies: the first one is generic and concerns the domain of training; the second one is related to the application domain and is specific to a particular training program. We present our approach for building these ontologies and we show how they can be merged.
L'Ipogeismo della Sardegna pre e protostorica

In Sardegna si conoscono circa 2000 ipogei. Hanno inizio nel Neolitico Medio (cultura Bonuighinu), si sviluppano soprattutto nel Neolitico Recente (cultura Ozieri) e durano in uso (riutilizzo o creazione) nell'Eneolitico e nell'Eta del Bronzo, sino all'Eta Nuragica. Subiscono l'influenza dell' architettura megalitica o si uniscono ad essa o alle tecniche «ciclopiche». Dagli ipogei piu antichi monocellulari si passa (cultura Ozieri) a una ventina di ambienti; per poi tornare (cultura M. Claro ed Eta Nuragica) ad un solo ambiente o poco piu. Dalla forma circolare con volta a forno si passa a quella quadrilatera. Interessano ogni tipo di orografia, compresi i blocchi erratici. La litologia e varia. L'accesso e con pozzetto o corridoio. I vani sono elementari o imitano la casa dei vivi, riproducendo tetto, colonne o pilastri, porte, finestre, focolare, mobilio ecc. Sono presenti figure di natura cultuale o magica (protomi bovine o spirali ecc.) od ornamentale. I vari ambienti si dispongono in schemi longitudinali; o a «T» o cruciformi o centripeti intorno ad un vano centrale. Specie nella cultura Ozieri, si tratta di seppellimenti collettivi secondari. Gli ipogei sono isolati o, piu spesso, in gruppi: le necropoli sono una cinquantina. L'autore ritiene che in Sardegna l'ipogeismo pre e protostorico sia autoctono.
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy of University Students: A Cross-Cultural Study

The present study investigated the entrepreneurial self-efficacy perceptions among university students across two countries, i.e., Poland and Turkey. Data were obtained through questionnaires designed to assess the perceptions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In all, 365 Polish and 278 Turkish students completed the questionnaires. Results indicated that Polish and Turkish students did not differ significantly in regard to the overall measure of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Our study contributed to the entrepreneurship literature by performing a cross-cultural comparison of the perceptions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Thus, it provided recommendations for fostering entrepreneurial self efficacy among university students.
Mediation in the World Today: Opportunities and Challenges.

This keynote presentation (from Keynote speech from International Conference, September 4-7, 2014, Edward Kennedy Institute International for Conflict Intervention, NUI Maynooth) highlighted the myriad of changes that have impacted on the nature of conflict, and global responses to it, over the past four or five decades and the domination of Western approaches to mediation in different cultural contexts. The presenter offered possible ways of avoiding the pitfalls caused when mediators and trainers unthinkingly impose their norms and values into another country’s dispute response system, regardless of the type and nature of the dispute, including: self-reflexivity - recognising the mediator’s own cultural, political and situational embeddedness; discourse analysis - addressing power by raising awareness of the impact of dominant discourses; cultural fluency - valuing differences and pluralities of identity in order to be client-centred; and thinking in terms of conflict transformation. She also argued that mediators should reject notions of neutrality and operate within a framework of social justice and human rights.
Four new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of toll-like receptor 7 gene discovered in Chinese ducks

In order to reveal the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genotypes and allelic frequencies of each mutation site of TLR7 gene in Chinese native duck breeds, SNPs of duck TLR7 gene were detected by DNA sequencing. The genotypes of 465 native ducks from eight key protected duck breeds were determined by polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. The results show that four new SNPs (T2606C, T2739C, C2820T and A3284G) were discovered and three genotypes were all found in each mutation site. The first and the fourth SNPs resulted in two amino acid changes of Methionine (M) → Threonine (T) and Glutamine (Q) → Arginine (R), respectively. Allele C frequency of TLR7 T2606C mutation site in Gaoyou (GY) duck breed was significantly higher than the corresponding allelic frequency in the other duck populations, and allele T frequency of TLR7 C2820T mutation site in GY duck breed was also significantly higher than the corresponding allelic frequency in the other duck populations except Putian (PT) duck breed. In conclusion, the four new SNPs and the genetic differences among different duck breeds will promote duck disease resistance research. Key words : TLR7, duck, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR).
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts THE ROLE OF NEGATIVE AFFECT AND SELF-CONCEPT CLARITY IN PREDICTING SELF-INJURIOUS URGES IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER USING ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT A Thesis in Psychology by John Wesley Scala

Borderline personality disorder is a prevalent and deadly disorder that is characterized by deficits in identity, affective instability, and frequent self-injurious and suicidal behavior. Deficits in identity as well as negative affect have been shown to predict self-injurious and suicidal behaviors. However, less is known about the interactive effects of these two predictors. The current study aims to examine the moderating effect of a particular component of identity, self-concept, on the relationship between negative affect and self-injurious/suicidal urges. The purpose of the present study is twofold. First, we aim to examine psychological processes that may serve as mechanisms involved in self-injurious behavior in BPD. More specifically, we are interested in the interplay of two specific features of BPD, negative affect and identity disturbance, as they relate to self-injury. Much of the research on suicide and self-injury has focused on identifying risk factors and correlates of these behaviors (e.g., family history of suicide, access to firearms, etc.). Although this is valuable research for identifying factors that may be associated with suicide and self-injurious behaviors and may indirectly help to reduce the prevalence or lethality of a suicide attempt or self-injury (e.g., removing firearms from the home of an individual who is suicidal), it does not tell us much about the actual psychological mechanisms that are involved in such behavior. Understanding the psychological mechanisms involved in self-injury in BPD is important because these mechanisms can serve as direct targets in therapy that, when addressed, may result in longer term change. A second aim of the present study is to utilize an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach to studying self-injury in the daily lives of individuals with BPD. As will be discussed later, utilizing an approach that can
Fictitious Reference Tuning of the Feed-Forward Controller in a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Control System

In this paper, we provide a new effective tuning method to obtain the optimal parameter of the feed-forward controller in a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control system for the purpose of achieving the desired response without using a mathematical model of a plant. The first author proposed “fictitious reference iterative tuning” (which is abbreviated to FRIT) as an effective method for the tuning of parameters of a controller by using only one-shot experimental data instead of using mathematical models of a plant. Here, we extend FRIT to the tuning of the feed-forward controller in a 2DOF control system and develop the off-line computation so as to be done by the least squares method. For these purposes, we introduce a new cost function consisting of the fictitious reference and the actual data (since we do not have to do iterative computation in the least squares method, we call the proposed method here as “fictitious reference tuning”). Since the new cost function is quadratically-parameterized, it is possible to analyze how far the obtained parameter is apart from the desired one. Thus, we then derive a pre-filter which is applied to the actual data so as to guarantee that the obtained parameter is close to the desired one. We also show that the proposed method is applicable to the case in which the initial experiment is performed in the conventional 1DOF control system. Finally, we illustrate experimental results in order to show the utility and the validity of the proposed method.
Velocity Profiles in a Cylindrical Liquid Jet by Reconstructed Velocimetry

An experimental setup and a simple reconstruction method are presented to measure velocity fields inside slightly tapering cylindrical liquid jets traveling through still air. Particle image velocimetry algorithms are used to calculate velocity fields from high speed images of jets of transparent liquid containing seed particles. An inner central plane is illuminated by a laser sheet pointed at the center of the jet and visualized through the jet by a high speed camera. Optical distortions produced by the shape of the jet and the difference between the refractive index of the fluid and the surrounding air are corrected by using a ray tracing method. The effect of the jet speed on the velocity fields is investigated at four jet speeds. The relaxation rate for the velocity profile downstream of the nozzle exit is reasonably consistent with theoretical expectations for the low Reynolds numbers and the fluid used, although the velocity profiles are considerably flatter than expected. © 2012 American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR THE LOWER EXTREMITY DURING FASTBALL BASEBALL PITCH

Five collegiate baseball pitchers, who have different types of delivery, were videotaped and analyzed using three-dimensional videography and ground reaction force (GRF) anaysis. Just before stride foot contact, a peak vertical GRF of 1.28 BW for pivot foot was produced, resulting from the joint torques for the knee and hip extensors. A peak forward GRF of 0.67 BW also appeared. This GRF may result in the ankle plantar flexors. Immediately after stride foot contact, the joint torques of hip’s extension, abduction and internal rotation, knee’s extension and valgus, ankle’s plantar flexion for the striding leg were generated in order to resist the resultant of vertical and backward GRFs.