Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pro ﬁ les of foundational learning skills among ﬁ rst graders ☆ Learning and Individual Differences

School readiness includes a constellation of skills and behaviors, such as social and emotional development, lan- guage and literacy, and self-regulation that provide a basis critical for classroom participation and learning. Whereasithasbeenwell-establishedthatstudentswhoenterkindergartenwithweaknessesinlanguageandlit- eracyaremorelikelytostruggleacademically,lessresearchhasfocusedonthevariabilityandeducationalimpact of other foundational learning components, including internalizing and externalizing behaviors, particularly in ﬁ rst grade. This study used latent pro ﬁ le analysis to identify the following four subgroups (pro ﬁ les) of students, usingfoundationallearningcomponents,inasampleof ﬁ rstgraders( n =324):EmergentHyperactive,External- izing, Generally Good Students, and Internalizing. Latent class growth analysis illustrated signi ﬁ cant differences inthe averagerateofgrowthinliteracy skills fromthe beginningto theend of ﬁ rstgradeacrossthefourpro ﬁ les, after controlling for genderand socioeconomicstatus.Findingsindicatedthegreatestgrowth inliteracy skills for studentsintheExternalizingpro ﬁ leandtheleastamountofvocabularygrowthforstudentsintheEmergentHy-peractivepro ﬁ lefollowedbytheInternalizingpro ﬁ le.Educationalimplicationsofhowresearchersandeducators might consider students' individual differences across pro ﬁ les of foundational learning components to inform ways to support development and learning in the classroom are discussed. skills, and self-regulatory behaviors, cluster into distinct pro ﬁ les or subgroups. We also examine whether these patterns predict growth through the critical ﬁ rst grade year when students are
Assessment of the rhizosphere and root mycorrhizal fungi diversity of maize genotypes contrasting for phosphorus efficiency using rDNA sequences and DGGE profiles

Tropical soils are generally characterized by low pH and low fertility, in which crops are continuously exposed to several stresses. Among them, one ofthe major limiting factors for crop production in tropical acids soils is the low phosphorus (P) availability (Wright et al., 2005). Great effort has been applied to improve crop yields on these areas through soil fertility management and cultivars more adapted to acid soils conditions. However, the use ofmicrobial resources to explore soil nutrients by the root is an important strategy to increase the use efficiency and the bioavailability of restricted nutrients, which are key point for sustainable agriculture (Barea et al., 2005). Plants have evolved several strategies to improve P acquisition, inc1uding alterations in root morphology, reducing pH or exudation of organic anions in the rhizosphere (Kpomblekou-A et al., 2003) and by symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Smith and Read, 1997). The ecology, genetics and evolution of AM fungi are poor1y understood mainly due to the inability of obtaining axenic cultures and the difficulties with morphology identification. Molecular studies with 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have provided a powerful mean of characterizing AM fungi diversity in a wide range of environmental samples (Gomes et al., 2003; Van Elsas et al., 2000). The aim ofthis work was to compare the molecular diversity of AM fungi species recovered from the rhizosphere and roots of two maize inbred lines contrasting for P use efficiency, in a soil with low P.AM fungi were characterized by 18S rDNA fragments cloning e sequencing. In addition, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 18S rDNA was used to analyze the genetic profiles, providing information on the ribotypes presented in maize genotypes under P stress.
The Geometrically Frustrated Spin Glass (Fe1-pGap)2TiO5

The unusual anisotropy of the spin glass transition in the pseudobrookite system Fe 2 TiO 5 has been interpreted as arising from an induced, van der Waals-like, interaction among magnetic clusters. Here we present susceptibility ( 𝜒 ) and specific heat data ( 𝐶 ) for Fe 2 TiO 5 diluted with non-magnetic Ga, (Fe 1- p Ga p ) 2 TiO 5 , for disorder parameter 𝑝 = 0, 0.11, and 0.42, and elastic neutron scattering data for 𝑝 = 0.20. A uniform suppression of 𝑇 𝑔 is observed upon increasing 𝑝 , along with a value of 𝜒(𝑇 𝑔 ) that increases as 𝑇 𝑔 decreases, i.e. 𝑑𝜒(𝑇 𝑔 )/𝑑𝑇 𝑔 < 0 . We also observe 𝐶(𝑇) ∝ 𝑇 2 in the low temperature limit. The observed behavior places (Fe 1-p Ga p ) 2 TiO 5 in the category of a strongly geometrically frustrated spin glass.
Bayesian hierarchical modelling of the M*-SFR relation from ≲z≲6 in ASTRODEEP

The Hubble Frontier Fields represent the opportunity to probe the high-redshift evolution of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies to lower masses than possible in blank fields thanks to foreground lensing of massive galaxy clusters. We use the beagle SED-fitting code to derive stellar masses, $\hbox{$\mathrm{M_{\star }}$}=\log (\hbox{$M$}/\hbox{$\mathrm{M_{\odot }}$})$, SFRs, $\hbox{${\Psi }$}=\log (\hbox{${\psi }$}/\hbox{$\mathrm{M_{\odot }}$}\, {-1})$ and redshifts from galaxies within the astrodeep catalogue. We fit a fully Bayesian hierarchical model of the main sequence over 1.25 < z < 6 of the form $\hbox{${\Psi }$}= \hbox{$\alpha _\mathrm{9.7}$}(z) + \hbox{$\beta $}(\hbox{$\mathrm{M_{\star }}$}-9.7) + \mathcal {N}(0,\hbox{$\sigma $}^2)$ while explicitly modelling the outlier distribution. The redshift-dependent intercept at $\hbox{$\mathrm{M_{\star }}$}=9.7$ is parametrized as $\hbox{$\alpha _\mathrm{9.7}$}(z) = \log [\hbox{$N$}(1+\hbox{$z$})^{\hbox{$\gamma $}}] + 0.7$. Our results agree with an increase in normalization of the main sequence to high redshifts that follows the redshift-dependent rate of accretion of gas on to dark matter haloes with $\hbox{$\gamma $}=2.40^{+0.18}_{-0.18}$. We measure a slope and intrinsic scatter of $\hbox{$\beta $}=0.79^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$ and $\hbox{$\sigma $}=0.26^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$. We find that the sampling of the SED provided by the combination of filters (Hubble + ground-based Ks-band + Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 μm) is insufficient to constrain M⋆ and Ψ over the full dynamic range of the observed main sequence, even at the lowest redshifts studied. While this filter set represents the best current sampling of high-redshift galaxy SEDs out to z > 3, measurements of the main sequence to low masses and high redshifts still strongly depend on priors employed in SED fitting (as well as other fitting assumptions). Future data-sets with JWST should improve this.
A Test Structure for in-situ Determination of Residual Stress

— This work presents a lancet type residual stress measurement test structure which comprises of a pair of bent beams along with cantilevers as driving bars for the rotational pointer structure. The residual stress causes the bent beams to deflect each other, thereby magnifying the pointer deflection. The pointer deflection direction indicates the type of stress (compressive or tensile), with the displacement being independent of Young’s modulus and film thickness. Finite element modeling also used to analyze the structure and is compared with experimental results of electroplated Au structures.
EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES OF ARTEMISIA ABROTANU M L . BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE.

The effect of light intensity on plant growth of Artemisia abrotanu m L. was investigated in vitro . Plantlets of Artemisia abrotanu m L. with leaves of 1 cm. long were cultured on suitable medium under different light intensities of 300, 600, 1500, 3000, and 6000 lux, the environment for all growth in vitro was maintained at 25° ± 2°C, with a 16-h photoperiod. The number of shoots, roots, length of shoots and roots in 21 days of culture of plantlets, the collected data were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tuky’s HSD test values represent the mean ±SD of eight replicates and all experiments were repeated three times, mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level, the best result were found at 3000 lux and then 1500 lux on the other hand the least in vitro growth were in 300 lux. Preliminary phytochemical screening of in vivo and in vitro for Artemisia abrotanum L. showed that both samples were contains volatile oil, Carbohydrates and/or glycosides , tannins, flavonoid s , sterols and/or triterpenes, resins, while the in vivo sample contain traces of Alkaloid. But both samples free from Saponins, Iridoids, Cardiac glycosides and Anthraquinone glycosides. The total polyphenols and flavonoid s were investigated from obtained results in vivo plant sample showed the highest content of polyphenols (271.6mg/100g.d.w) and flavonoids (84.63 mg/100g.d.w) while the lowest content was recorded with the sample extract in 300 lux light intensity condition was (54.90 mg/100g.d.w) and (21.33 mg/100g.d.w).
Designing A Virtual Reality Interface for Children’s Web Portals

A non-immersive virtual reality interface is conceptualized and developed to augment a conventional children’s web portal. Two focus group studies were undertaken to evaluate the interface, the result of which show that children endorse and embrace enthusiastically the concept of browsing for information in a virtual environment.Une interface virtuelle non immersive est conceptualisee et developpee pour ameliorer un portail Web traditionnel pour enfants. Deux groupes de discussion ont entrepris l’evaluation de l’interface. Le resultat demontre que les enfants approuvent et adoptent avec enthousiasme le concept de furetage de l’information dans un environnement virtuel.
A Dynamical Initialization Scheme for Real-Time Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones Using the WRF Model*

To improve the initial conditions of tropical cyclone (TC) forecast models, a dynamical initialization (DI) scheme using cycle runs is developed and implemented into a real-time forecast system for northwest Paciﬁc TCs based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. In this scheme, cycle runs with a 6-h window before the initial forecast time are repeatedly conducted to spin up the axisymmetric component of the TC vortex until the model TC intensity is comparable to the observed. This is followed by a 72-h forecast using the Global Forecast System (GFS) prediction as lateral boundary conditions. In the DI scheme, the spectral nudging technique is employed during each cycle run to reduce bias in the large-scale environmental ﬁeld, and the relocation method is applied after the last cycle run to reduce the initial position error. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DI scheme, 69 forecast experiments with and without the DI are conducted for 13 TCs over the northwest Paciﬁc in 2010 and 2011. The DI shows positive effects on both track and intensity forecasts of TCs, although its overallskill dependsstrongly on the performanceof the GFS forecasts.Comparedto theforecasts withouttheDI, onaverage,forecastswiththeDIreducethepositionand intensity errors by 10% and 30%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed DI scheme im- proves the initial TC vortex structure and intensity and provides warm physics spinup, producing initial states consistent with the forecast model, thus achieving improved track and intensity forecasts.
Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Type III-IV Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis

Ling Li Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University Xinhui Huang Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University Niangmei Cheng Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University Xiadi Weng Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University Yubin Jiao Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University Jingfeng Liu Fujian Cancer Hospital: Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital Wuhua Guo (  guowuhua1968@163.com ) Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University
TEST CLUSTER SELECTION USING COVER COEFFICIENTS

Clustering test proﬁles to retrieve relevant tests is a recurring theme in software validation. A novel clustering approach using a probabilistic notion of coverage among line-based test proﬁles is described. The approach automatically determines the number of clusters to generate a clustering and can potentially group together tests to execute a few distinct lines of code. A simple method to identify tests aﬀected by program changes is developed and used to determine the retrieval eﬀort needed for cluster-based retrieval of aﬀected tests. The approach is applied to four unix utility programs from a popular testing benchmark. Our results show that comparing original and new clusterings with respect to test cases is a promising criterion for deciding the potential re-clustering points in software evolution.
Determination of weight and length gain of Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) in a Biofloc system with a pigment-rich diet

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid pigment-rich diet in the growth, in length and weight, of ornamental fish Astronouts ocellatus . Plastic beakers of 250 L were conditioned with 125 L of water and 1 org 10L -1 of juvenile A. ocellatus . Two plastic beakers were under commercial diet for trout (El Pedregal®), while the other two were under TetraColor® diet (carotenoid pigment-rich diet) as food source. The organisms fed with TetraColor ® obtained better length and weight gains with 3.96 cm and 16.14 g respectively. Also, the IGR and AGR were higher with values of 0.038 cm day -1 and 0.89% for length, and 0.154 g day -1 and 3.143% of daily increase in weight. Showing that carotenoid pigment addition is important for the culture of ornamental fish.
Flow Table Congestion in Software Defined Networks

— Security is a major concern for today’s networks and network applications. Denial of Service (DoS) is major threat to availability of service. DoS is easy to detect but hard to mitigate. There are several types of DoS attacks, such as flooding etc. Software Defined Networks (SDN) inherit security threats from traditional networks along with threats specific to them. Flow table congestion is an example of such problem specific to SDN networks. The attacker generates multiple packets as messages to the controller. Because of this, the switch’s Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) is flooded with controller replies. TCAMs are very expensive and power hungry. To avoid this type of attack, different aggregation strategies have been proposed. These techniques save TCAMs at the cost of lost statistics in OpenFlow flow table. In this paper, we used an improved version of Optimal Routing Table Construction (ORTC) to perform flow aggregation similar to Fast Flow Table Aggregation (FFTA). Some disadvantages of FFTA include loss of flow table statistics and counts. Our proposed technique reduces the number of flows to solve Flow Table Congestion Problem along with maintaining the consistency of statistics.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF CAUSAL INFERENCE

This paper reviews recent advances in the foundations of causal inference and introduces a systematic methodology for defining, estimating, and testing causal claims in experimental and observational studies. It is based on nonparametric structural equation models (SEM)—a natural generalization of those used by econometricians and social scientists in the 1950s and 1960s, which provides a coherent mathematical foundation for the analysis of causes and counterfactuals. In particular, the paper surveys the development of mathematical tools for inferring the effects of potential interventions (also called “causal effects” or “policy evaluation”), as well as direct and indirect effects (also known as “mediation”), in both linear and nonlinear systems. Finally, the paper clarifies the role of propensity score matching in causal analysis, defines the relationships between the structural and potential-outcome frameworks, and develops symbiotic tools that use the strong features of both.
investigation in the balanoides :

Correlative imaging combines information from multiple modalities (physical – chemical – mechanical properties) at various length scales (centimetre to nanometre) to understand the complex biological materials across dimensions (2D – 3D). Here, we have used numerous coupled systems: X-ray microscopy (XRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), optical light microscopy (LM) and focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) microscopy to ascertain the microstructural and crystallographic properties of the wall-plate joints in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides . The exoskeleton is composed of six interlocking wall plates, and the interlocks between neighbouring plates (alae) allow barnacles to expand and grow while remaining sealed and structurally strong. Our results indicate that the ala contain functionally graded orientations and microstructures in their crystallography, which has implications for naturally functioning microstructures, potential natural strengthening and preferred oriented biomineralization. Elongated grains at the outer edge of the ala are oriented perpendicularly to the contact surface, and the c -axis rotates with the radius of the ala. Additionally, we identify for the first time three-dimensional nanoscale ala pore networks revealing that the pores are only visible at the tip of the ala and that pore thickening occurs on the inside (soft bodied) edge of the plates. The pore networks appear to have the same orientation as the oriented crystallography, and we deduce that the pore networks are probably organic channels and pockets, which are involved with the biomineralization process. Understanding these multiscale features contributes towards an understanding of the structural architecture in barnacles, but also their consideration for bioinspiration of human-made materials. The work demonstrates that correlative methods spanning different length scales, dimensions and modes enable the extension of the structure – property relationships in materials to form and function of organisms.
Regenerative potential of d- δ -tocotrienol-rich fraction on crushed skeletal muscle of diabetic rats δ -tocotrienol-rich fraction, diabetes, muscle, rats

for ABSTRACT Background: Delayed muscle growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle in diabetics is believed to be due to diabetic myopathy because of alteration in the skeletal muscle homeostatis. Since vitamin E is a natural antioxidant and is also important for the integrity of sarcolemma, the present study was designed to explore the muscle regenerative potency of d- δ -tocotrienol-rich fraction (d- δ -TRF) on crushed skeletal muscle in healthy and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg). Twenty-four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated, and diabetic treated. Treated groups received injections orally, daily (200 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. A horizontal skin incision was made on the shaved right mid-thigh region, by splitting the fascia between gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata, and gluteus maximus was crushed with Kocher’s forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crushed muscle changes were studied by assessing the histopathological features, histomorphological measurements, and biochemical analyses on 3 rd week following induction of injury. One-way “ANOVA” followed by Tukey’s test and Student t -test were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: Results obtained through various methods indicate that the d- δ -TRF treated groups have controlled glycemic status, improved antioxidant capacity, faster revascularization, re-innervation, regeneration of myofibers, and connective tissue remodeling. Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that the d- δ -TRF is a beneficial nutritional adjuvant for skeletal muscles’ structural and functional recovery after crushed injury in both healthy and diabetics.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide-Regulated Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Reveals a High Light-Induced Transcriptional Cluster Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

In plants, reactive oxygen species and, more particularly, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) play a dual role as toxic by-products of normal cell metabolism and as regulatory molecules in stress perception and signal transduction. Peroxisomal catalases are an important sink for photorespiratory H 2 O 2 . Using ATH1 Affymetrix microarrays, expression proﬁles were compared between control and catalase-deﬁcient Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) plants. Reduced catalase levels already provoked differences in nuclear gene expression under ambient growth conditions, and these effects were ampliﬁed by high light exposure in a sun simulator for 3 and 8 h. This genome-wide expression analysis allowed us to reveal the expression characteristics of complete pathways and functional categories during H 2 O 2 stress. In total, 349 transcripts were signiﬁcantly up-regulated by high light in catalase-deﬁcient plants and 88 were down-regulated. From this data set, H 2 O 2 was inferred to play a key role in the transcriptional up-regulation of small heat shock proteins during high light stress. In addition, several transcription factors and candidate regulatory genes involved in H 2 O 2 transcriptional gene networks were identiﬁed. Comparisons with other publicly available transcriptome data sets of abiotically stressed Arabidopsis revealed an important intersection with H 2 O 2 -deregulated genes, positioning elevated H 2 O 2 levels as an important signal within abiotic stress-induced gene expression. Finally, analysis of transcriptional changes in a combination of a genetic (catalase deﬁciency) and an environmental (high light) perturbation identiﬁed a transcriptional cluster that was strongly and rapidly induced by high light in control plants, but impaired in catalase-deﬁcient plants. This cluster comprises the complete known anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic pathway, together with genes encoding unknown proteins. A, C, G, and T, respectively]) were used, and ampliﬁ- cation products were separated on 5% polyacrylamide gels with the Sequigel system (Bio-Rad). Sodium acetate (22 mg/L) was added to the buffer in the bottom tank to avoid run-off of the smallest fragments. Gels were dried on 3MM Whatman paper, exposed to Kodak BioMax MS ﬁlms, and scanned in a PhosphorImager 445 SI (GE-Biosciences). The gel images were processed with AFLP-Quantar PRO (Keygene Products), a software application that allows an accurate quantiﬁcation of band intensities in DNA and RNA ﬁngerprints. Intensity of individual bands was determined and normalized semiautomatically for variations, such as running or loading differences and image artifacts. The obtained raw expression data were further processed via the ARRAY-AN application as described by Vandenabeele et al. (2003). Bands corresponding to differentially expressed transcript tags were excised from the gels and reampliﬁed by PCR with Bst YI 1 2/ Mse I 1 0 primers. PCR fragments were sequenced directly.