Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of longitudinal variations in North Pacific alkalinity to improve predictive algorithms

The causes of natural variation in alkalinity in the North Pacific surface ocean need to be investigated to understand the carbon cycle and to improve predictive algorithms. We used GLODAPv2 to test hypotheses on the causes of three longitudinal phenomena in Alk*, a tracer of calcium carbonate cycling. These phenomena are (a) an increase from east to west between 45°N and 55°N, (b) an increase from west to east between 25°N and 40°N, and (c) a minor increase from west to east in the equatorial upwelling region. Between 45°N and 55°N, Alk* is higher on the western than on the eastern side, and this is associated with denser isopycnals with higher Alk* lying at shallower depths. Between 25°N and 40°N, upwelling along the North American continental shelf causes higher Alk* in the east. Along the equator, a strong east‐west trend was not observed, even though the upwelling on the eastern side of the basin is more intense, because the water brought to the surface is not high in Alk*. We created two algorithms to predict alkalinity, one for the entire Pacific Ocean north of 30°S and one for the eastern margin. The Pacific Ocean algorithm is more accurate than the commonly used algorithm published by Lee et al. (2006), of similar accuracy to the best previously published algorithm by Sasse et al. (2013), and is less biased with longitude than other algorithms in the subpolar North Pacific. Our eastern margin algorithm is more accurate than previously published algorithms.
Advanced fast 3D DSA model development and calibration for design technology co-optimization

Direct Optimization (DO) of a 3D DSA model is a more optimal approach to a DTCO study in terms of accuracy and speed compared to a Cahn Hilliard Equation solver. DO’s shorter run time (10X to 100X faster) and linear scaling makes it scalable to the area required for a DTCO study. However, the lack of temporal data output, as opposed to prior art, requires a new calibration method. The new method involves a specific set of calibration patterns. The calibration pattern’s design is extremely important when temporal data is absent to obtain robust model parameters. A model calibrated to a Hybrid DSA system with a set of device-relevant constructs indicates the effectiveness of using nontemporal data. Preliminary model prediction using programmed defects on chemo-epitaxy shows encouraging results and agree qualitatively well with theoretical predictions from a strong segregation theory.
catena-Poly[{μ-N′-[2-(carboxylatomethoxy)benzylidene]-2-hydroxybenzohydrazidato}(methanol-κO)nickel(II)]

In the title compound, [Ni(C16H12N2O5)(CH3OH)]n, the unique NiII ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by three O atoms and one N atom from a symmetry-unique ligand in the equatorial sites. Coordination of the axial sites is provided by an O atom of a symmetry-unique methanol ligand and an O atom of a carboxylate group from a symmetry-related ligand, thus generating a one-dimensional polymer parallel to [010]. In the crystal, O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.693 (2) Å, form a two-dimensional network parallel to (100). In addition, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds complete a three-dimensional network. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed.
Block adaptive CNN/HEVC interframe prediction for video coding

This paper proposes a block adaptive CNN/HEVC prediction method for bidirectional motion compensated prediction which is one of the key technologies for video coding. We have already proposed a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model which can predict the target block to be predicted from its spatially co-located blocks existed in the temporally previous and future frames. The CNN model estimates four geometric transformation matrices, and the predicted values are produced by transforming both previous block and future block using them. We have demonstrated that the method is greatly effective for frames with complicated motion. However, the conventional CNN model often did not work well for the frames with large motion. In this paper, we introduce an adaptation method which selects the one of CNN based prediction and HEVC based prediction. Experimental results show that the prediction error using the proposed method can be reduced to 60% to 90% for many kinds of videos with complex motions compared to only HEVC prediction.
Optical design study in the 3-12 μm spectral band with gradient-index materials

A design study is conducted in the 3-12 μm wavelength band for an F/2.5, 15.2 degree full field of view, 66 mm focal length imaging system. A survey of preferred homogeneous materials and their chromatic properties which transmit over the full wavelength band is explored. A survey of GRIN materials is also explored, which includes zinc selenide zinc sulfide GRIN, and chalcogenide GRIN from NRL and Schott. GRIN is able to expand the infrared glass map which is otherwise relatively small. The design space is explored over three and four homogeneous elements as well as one GRIN and two homogeneous elements. The three element design with the addition of GRIN results in a better balance between the two bands and is nearly diffraction-limited. The three element design can be reduced to two GRIN elements which has comparable performance to the homogeneous three element design.
Evidence for an Association between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptors: A Tale of Two Antigens Implicated in Graves’ Disease1

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) plays a central role in regulating thyroid function and is targeted by IgGs in Graves’ disease (GD-IgG). Whether TSHR is involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), the orbital manifestation of GD, remains uncertain. TSHR signaling overlaps with that of insulin-like grow factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). GD-IgG can activate fibroblasts derived from donors with GD to synthesize T cell chemoattractants and hyaluronan, actions mediated through IGF-1R. In this study, we compare levels of IGF-1R and TSHR on the surfaces of TAO and control orbital fibroblasts and thyrocytes and explore the physical and functional relationship between the two receptors. TSHR levels are 11-fold higher on thyrocytes than on TAO or control fibroblasts. In contrast, IGF-1R levels are 3-fold higher on TAO vs control fibroblasts. In pull-down studies using fibroblasts, thyrocytes, and thyroid tissue, Abs directed specifically against either IGF-1Rβ or TSHR bring both proteins out of solution. Moreover, IGF-1Rβ and TSHR colocalize to the perinuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in fibroblasts and thyrocytes by confocal microscopy. Examination of orbital tissue from patients with TAO reveals similar colocalization to cell membranes. Treatment of primary thyrocytes with recombinant human TSH results in rapid ERK phosphorylation which can be blocked by an IGF-1R-blocking mAb. Our findings suggest that IGF-1R might mediate some TSH-provoked signaling. Furthermore, they indicate that TSHR levels on orbital fibroblasts are considerably lower than those on thyrocytes and that this receptor associates with IGF-1R in situ and together may comprise a functional complex in thyroid and orbital tissue.
A First Approach to Belief Dynamics in Complex Social Networks

Many people today participate in more than one social network on a daily basis; such networks can be seen as dynamic environments containing knowledge about their members. From a KR perspective, these environments are complex in many dimensions; for instance, it is not clear how to treat news being communicated through the network, especially when it contradicts a user’s own knowledge, or when contradicting news is received from different sources. We are interested in reasoning about the diffusion of beliefs in social media. Given the variety of platforms, the underlying communication structure can be seen as a complex network—the potential to integrate many different data sources is enormous. The complex network is represented by a graph, and users have access to a stream of news items that are produced by others. Local revisions are performed first, where each user responds to news items that show up in their feeds; since each local revision is carried out in parallel, the result of this stage could violate global integrity constraints. A global revision process is then carried out in order to return to a consistent state. In this paper we focus solely on local revisions.
Colombian ocean waves and coasts modeled by special functions

Modeling the ocean bottom and surface of both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans near the Colombian coast is a subject of increasing attention due to the possibility of finding oil deposits that haven’t been discovered, and as a way of monitoring the ocean limits of Colombia with other countries not only covering the possibility of naval intrusion but as a chance to detect submarine devices that are used by illegal groups for different unwished purposes. In the development of this topic it would be necessary to use Standard Hydrodynamic Equations to model the mathematical shape of ocean waves that will take differential equations forms. Those differential equations will be solved using computer algebra software and methods. The mentioned solutions will involve the use of Special Functions such as Bessel Functions, Whittaker, Heun, and so on. Using the Special Functions mentioned above, the obtained results will be simulated by numerical methods obtaining the typical patterns around the Colombian coasts (both surface and bottom). Using this simulation as a non-perturbed state, any change in the patter could be taken as an external perturbation caused by a strange body or device in an specific area or region modeled, building this simulation as an ocean radar or an unusual object finder. It’s worth mentioning that the use of stronger or more rigorous methods and more advanced Special Functions would generate better theoretical results, building a more accurate simulation model that would lead to a finest detection.
Single-phase five-level buck-boost inverter

This paper proposes a single-phase five-level buck-boost inverter with a combination of Z-source network and T-type inverter. The proposed inverter has the following advantages as reducing a number of switches, buck-boost voltage with single-stage conversion and shoot-through immunity. In this paper, operating principle, circuit analysis and PWM control are presented. Simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the validity of the proposed inverter and control strategy.
Mutations in DivL and CckA Rescue a divJ Null Mutant of Caulobacter crescentus by Reducing the Activity of CtrA

ABSTRACT Polar development and cell division in Caulobacter crescentus are controlled and coordinated by multiple signal transduction proteins. divJ encodes a histidine kinase. A null mutation in divJ results in a reduced growth rate, cell filamentation, and mislocalized stalks. Suppressor analysis of divJ identified mutations in genes encoding the tyrosine kinase (divL) and the histidine kinase (cckA). The divL and cckA suppressor alleles all have single amino acid substitutions, some of which confer a temperature-sensitive phenotype, particularly in a wild-type background. Analysis of transcription levels from several positively regulated CtrA-dependent promoters reveals high expression in the divJ mutant, suggesting that DivJ normally serves to reduce CtrA activity. The divL and cckA suppressors reduce the amount of transcription from promoters positively regulated by CtrA, indicating that the mutations in divL and cckA are suppressing the defects of the divJ mutant by reducing the abnormally high level of CtrA activity. Immunoblotting showed no major perturbations in the CtrA protein level in any of these strains, suggesting that the high amount of CtrA activity seen in the divJ mutant and the reduced amount of activity in the suppressors are regulated at the level of activation and not transcription, translation, or degradation. In vivo phosphorylation assays confirmed that divJ mutants have elevated levels of CtrA phosphorylation and that this level is reduced in the suppressors with mutations in divL.
Development of head direction measuring system using ultrasound for environmental education

Environmental education is educational activities using nature. Since the importance of environmental education is increasing, development of effective leaders training methods and learning programs is required. We consider that by using learner’s interests during educational activities for learning evaluation, we can improve the teaching methods of instructors and learning programs. In this research, we use gaze directions to measure interests. In outdoor such as environmental education, it is difficult to apply gaze estimation techniques using conventional cameras due to the effects of sunlight and fog. In addition, since the wearable device imposes a physical burden on the learner, it has a problem that natural state data cannot be measured. we attach a compact and lightweight device to a cap or helmet. In this research, we measure head direction and estimate gaze direction from the data. The head direction measurement system uses a transmitter with three ultrasonic speakers and receiver. We can measure horizontal and vertical head direction by received time difference of ultrasound transmitted from three speakers. By using the M-sequence for the transmission wave, the spectral efficiency increases, enabling simultaneous measurement of the head direction by many people. In the experiment, we measured horizontal head direction using two ultrasonic speakers. In the result, it was possible to identify the M-sequence and received time. The error in the head direction was 5 degrees.
A new allele sash (Wsh) at the W-locus and a spontaneous recessive lethal in mice.

A mutation to an apparently new allele at the WMocus of the mouse arose spontaneously in a cross between two inbred strains. Heterozygotes have a broad white sash, leading to the name and symbol sash, W. Homozygotes are black-eyed whites which are viable, fertile and not anaemic, although the gene does cause mild haematopoietic defects. The original mutant animal also carried a spontaneous recessive lethal mutation on chromosome 5, mapping at 2 cM distal to the JF-locus.
The vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system using the matrix-operator method

The numerical model of the vector radiative transfer of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system is developed based on the matrix-operator method, which is named PCOART. In PCOART, using the Fourier analysis, the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) splits up into a set of independent equations with zenith angle as only angular coordinate. Using the Gaussian-Quadrature method, VRTE is finally transferred into the matrix equation, which is calculated by using the adding-doubling method. According to the reflective and refractive properties of the ocean-atmosphere interface, the vector radiative transfer numerical model of ocean and atmosphere is coupled in PCOART. By comparing with the exact Rayleigh scattering look-up-table of MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), it is shown that PCOART is an exact numerical calculation model, and the processing methods of the multi-scattering and polarization are correct in PCOART. Also, by validating with the standard problems of the radiative transfer in water, it is shown that PCOART could be used to calculate the underwater radiative transfer problems. Therefore, PCOART is a useful tool to exactly calculate the vector radiative transfer of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, which can be used to study the polarization properties of the radiance in the whole ocean-atmosphere system and the remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean.
Linearization of broadband doherty amplifier

The linearization of broadband two-way Doherty amplifier for application in the frequency range 0.85-1.15GHz is considered in this paper. The carrier and peaking amplifiers in Doherty configuration comprise Freescale's transistor MRF281S LDMOSFET characterized by the maximum output power 4W and the broadband lumped element matching circuits. The linearization of the amplifier is carried out by the second harmonics and fourth-order nonlinear signals that are extracted at the output of the peaking cell, adjusted in amplitude and phase and injected at the input and output of the carrier cell in Doherty amplifier. The effects of linearization are considered for two tones separated in frequency by 10MHz, 20MHz, 40MHz and 80MHz at different input power levels of 0dBm, 5dBm, 10dBm and 15dBm, as well as for WCDMA digitally modulated signal.
Adaptive control design for hysteretic smart systems

Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic actuators are being considered for a range of industrial, aerospace, aeronautic and biomedical applications due to their unique transduction capabilities. However, they also exhibit hysteretic and nonlinear behavior that must be accommodated in models and control designs. If uncompensated, these effects can yield reduced system performance and, in the worst case, can produce unpredictable behavior of the control system. One technique for control design is to approximately linearize the actuator dynamics using an adaptive inverse compensator that is also able to accommodate model uncertainties and error introduced by the inverse algorithm. This paper describes the design of an adaptive inverse control technique based on the homogenized energy model for hysteresis. The resulting inverse filter is incorporated in an L1 control theory to provide a robust control algorithm capable of providing high speed, high accuracy tracking in the presence of actuator hysteresis and nonlinearities. Properties of the control design are illustrated through numerical examples.
High reality image generation for DNN learning based on varying pixel intensity value model depend on each camera: the last 1％ accuracy improvement

In object recognition using deep neural networks (DNNs) in the field of industry, the recognition accuracy rate decreases because of the differences in characteristics between the camera for learning and the camera for recognition. In this research, we solve this problem by statistically modeling the varying pixel intensity value of each recognition camera on the basis of actual acquired learning images. Here, the characteristics of generated images must be similar to images captured by the recognition camera. By using the statistical model, already-captured learning image sets can be converted to virtual images, which are accurately captured by the recognition camera. Through experiments using actual images, we confirmed that the recognition accuracy rate by our method is at least 1.0% higher than that of the conventional method based on Gaussian noise.
Army ground robotics research program

The U.S. Army is undergoing a transformation from Cold War era "heavy" forward-deployed forces arrayed against a monolithic known enemy to lighter, more flexible, U.S.-based forces able to rapidly engage in a full spectrum of military operations. Unmanned systems can potentially contribute towards achieving this goal of a highly capable and flexible ground force. To support this effort, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory has undertaken a long-term research program to support technology development for unmanned ground vehicle systems. Over the course of the past year, this multifaceted effort has made significant technical strides, demonstrating sufficient technological maturity to potentially enable incorporation of semi-autonomous unmanned vehicles into the initial fielding of Future Combat Systems (FCS), while successfully conducting additional research directed toward improved capabilities for later increments of FCS and Land Warrior systems.
Sensory processing in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease: investigations with 3D H(2)(15)O-PET.

There is conjoining experimental and clinical evidence supporting a fundamental role of the basal ganglia as a sensory analyser engaged in central somatosensory control. This study was aimed at investigating the functional anatomy of sensory processing in two clinical conditions characterized by basal ganglia dysfunction, i.e. Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Based on previously recorded data of somatosensory evoked potentials, we expected deficient sensory-evoked activation in cortical areas that receive modulatory somatosensory input via the basal ganglia. Eight Parkinson's disease patients, eight Huntington's disease patients and eight healthy controls underwent repetitive H(2)(15)O-PET activation scans during two experimental conditions in random order: (i) continuous unilateral high-frequency vibratory stimulation applied to the immobilized metacarpal joint of the index finger and (ii) rest (no vibratory stimulus). In the control cohort, the activation pattern was lateralized to the side opposite to stimulus presentation, including cortical [primary sensory cortex (S1); secondary sensory cortex (S2)] and subcortical (globus pallidus, ventrolateral thalamus) regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases (P < 0.001). Between-group comparisons (P < 0.01) of vibration-induced rCBF changes between patients and controls revealed differences in central sensory processing: (i) in Parkinson's disease, decreased activation of contralateral sensorimotor (S1/M1) and lateral premotor cortex, contralateral S2, contralateral posterior cingulate, bilateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) and contralateral basal ganglia; (ii) in Huntington's disease, decreased activation of contralateral S2, parietal areas 39 and 40, and lingual gyrus, bilateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 10 and 44), S1 (trend only) and contralateral basal ganglia; (iii) in both clinical conditions relative enhanced activation of ipsilateral sensory cortical areas, notably caudal S1, S2 and insular cortex. Our data show that Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, beyond well-established deficits in central motor control, are characterized by abnormal cortical and subcortical activation on passive sensory stimulation. Furthermore, the finding that activation increases in ipsilateral sensory cortical areas may be interpreted as an indication of either altered central focusing and gating of sensory impulses, or enhanced compensatory recruitment of associative sensory areas in the presence of basal ganglia dysfunction. Altered sensory processing is thought to contribute to pertinent motor deficits in both conditions.
Density cross-sections and velocity profiles in high-speed air by UV rayleigh scattering and by raman excitation ± laser induced electronic fluorescence (RELIEF)

Two new techniques for measuring spatially resolved features in high speed air flows are presented. Rayleigh scattering with ultraviolet light yields intensities which are high enough give instantaneous cross sectional images of atmospheric density air with a relatively low energy laser. These images freeze turbulent features and shock structure. They can be used observe shock wave! boundary layer interactions and to construct spatial correlations which show the average size and shape of these turbulent features as well as the correlated motion of shock structure. Using the RELIEF method, we are able to instantaneously write lines or shaped volume elements into the flow and interrogate them at a later time. This enables us to record instantaneous velocity profiles, each of which gives a frozen image of the turbulent motion of the flow. From numerous such images the average velocity, turbulence intensity and cross stream velocity correlation can be found.