Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HYDRAULIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MCU SALTSTONE

The Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF), located in the Z-Area of the Savannah River Site (SRS), is used for the disposal of low-level radioactive salt solution. The SDF currently contains two vaults: Vault 1 (6 cells) and Vault 4 (12 cells). Additional disposal cells are currently in the design phase. The individual cells of the saltstone facility are filled with saltstone. , Saltstone is produced by mixing the low-level radioactive salt solution, with blast furnace slag, fly ash, and cement or lime to form a dense, micro-porous, monolithic, low-level radioactive waste form. The saltstone is pumped into the disposal cells where it subsequently solidifies. Significant effort has been undertaken to accurately model the movement of water and contaminants through the facility. Key to this effort is an accurate understanding of the hydraulic and physical properties of the solidified saltstone. To date, limited testing has been conducted to characterize the saltstone. The primary focus of this task was to estimate the hydraulic and physical properties of MCU (Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit) saltstone relative to two permeating fluids. These fluids included simulated groundwater equilibrated with vault concrete and simulated saltstone pore fluid. Samples of the MCU saltstone were prepared by the Savannahmore » River National Laboratory (SRNL) and allowed to cure for twenty eight days prior to testing. These samples included two three-inch diameter by six inch long mold samples and three one-inch diameter by twelve inch long mold samples. « less
Introducing Type Properties

In type theory, we can express many practical ideas by attributing some additional data to expressions we operate on during compilation. For instance, some substructural type theories augment variables' typing judgments with the information of their usage. That is, they allow one to explicitly state how many times - 0, 1, or many - a variable can be used. This solves the problem of resource usage control and allows us to treat variables as resources. What's more, it often happens that this attributed information is interpreted (used) during the same compilation and erased before we run a program. A case in the point is that in the same substructural type theories, their type checkers use these 0, 1, or many, to ensure that all variables are used as many times as these attributions say them to be. Yet, there wasn't any programming language concept whose concern would be to allow a programmer to express these attributions in the language itself. That is, to let the programmer express which data the one wants to attribute to what expressions and, most importantly, the meaning of the attributed data in their program. As it turned out, the presence of such a concept allows us to express many practical ideas in the language itself. For instance, with appropriate means for assigning the meaning of these attributions, this concept would allow one to express linear types as functionality in a separate program module, without the need to refine the whole type system to add them. In this paper, we present such a concept - we propose type properties. It allows a programmer to express these attributions while fulfilling the requirement of being fully on the static level. That is, it allows one to express how to interpret these attributions during compilation and erases them before a program is passed to the runtime.
Fatigue Life Investigation of Solid and Hollow Rollers in Pure Rolling Contact

Two solid and hollow cylindrical rollers in pure rolling contact have been modeled. The two rollers are subjected to a combined normal and tangential loading. The Stress distribution in the contact zone has been determined using a finite element package called ABAQUS. Then fatigue life model for rolling bearings developed by Ioannides and Harris has been used to study the relative fatigue life of the hollow rollers compared to solid rollers. Different hollowness percentages have been investigated; 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Two cases were studied- when both rollers are hollow and when only one of them is hollow while the other one is solid. It has been found that making the rollers hollow will result in redistribution of stresses in the contact zone. That decreased the peak stress under the surface when compared to the solid cylinder. Hollow cylinders have more flexibility when subjected to normal and tangential loading. And so, the stresses are redistributed so that the fatigue life is improved. The best fatigue life improvements have been found when both cylinders have almost 60% hollowness.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Endophytically colonized Citrus limon seedlings by Beauveria bassiana hampered development, reproduction and progeny fitness of Diaphorina citri

In response to mitigating the negative impacts of synthetic insecticides in controlling Diaphorina citri, the main vector of Huanglongbing, we assessed the effects of endophytically colonized Citrus limon seedlings by Beauveria bassiana BB‐16 on the population fitness of D. citri using the age‐stage two‐sex life‐table theory. The mean fecundity (F) and reproductive rate (R0) of the F1 generation of D. citri reared on endophytically colonized plants (F = 121.7; R0 = 30.43) were significantly lower than the endophyte‐free plants (F = 438; R0 = 197.1). In addition, the values of finite rate of increase (λ) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) on endophytically colonized plants (λ = 1.0927 day−1; r = 0.0887 day−1), were significantly lower than the endophytes free plants (λ = 1.1528 day−1; r = 0.1422 day−1). Moreover, the pre‐adult survival rate (sa) on endophytically colonized plants (sa = 37.5%) was significantly lower than the endophyte‐free plants (sa = 75%). Our results demonstrate that B. bassiana BB‐16 established as endophyte in C. limon under controlled conditions, reduced the population fitness of D. citri progeny and highlight the potential of integrating this entomopathogenic fungus as endophyte for sustainable management of D. citri and other citrus pests in citrus orchards.
Design of Static Output Feedback and Structured Controllers for Active Suspension with Quarter-Car Model

This paper presents a method to design active suspension controllers for a 7-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) full-car (FC) model from controllers designed with a 2-DOF quarter-car (QC) one. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with 7-DOF FC model has been widely used for active suspension control. However, it is too hard to implement the LQR in real vehicles because it requires so many state variables to be precisely measured and has so many elements to be implemented in the gain matrix of the LQR. To cope with the problem, a 2-DOF QC model describing vertical motions of sprung and unsprung masses is adopted for controller design. LQR designed with the QC model has a simpler structure and much smaller number of gain elements than that designed with the FC one. In this paper, several controllers for the FC model are derived from LQR designed with the QC model. These controllers can give equivalent or better performance than that designed with the FC model in terms of ride comfort. In order to use available sensor signals instead of using full-state feedback for active suspension control, LQ static output feedback (SOF) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers are designed with the QC model. From these controllers, observer-based controllers for the FC model are also derived. To verify the performance of the controllers for the FC model derived from LQR and LQ SOF ones designed with the QC model, frequency domain analysis is undertaken. From the analysis, it is confirmed that the controllers for the FC model derived from LQ and LQ SOF ones designed with the QC model can give equivalent performance to those designed with the FC one in terms of ride comfort.
A Fourier Series Model to Predict Hourly Heating and Cooling Energy Use in Commercial Buildings With Outdoor Temperature as the Only Weather Variable

Accurate modeling of hourly heating and cooling energy use in commercial buildings can be achieved by a Generalized Fourier Series (GFS) approach involving weather variables such as dry-bulb temperature, specific humidity and horizontal solar flux. However, there are situations when only temperature data is available. The objective of this paper is to (i) describe development of a variant of the GFS approach which allows modeling both heating and cooling hourly energy use in commercial buildings with outdoor temperature as the only weather variable and (ii) illustrate its application with monitored hourly data from several buildings in Texas. It is found that the new Temperature based Fourier Series (TFS) approach (1) provides better approximation to heating energy use than the existing GFS approach, (ii) can indirectly account for humidity and solar effects in the cooling energy use, (iii) offers physical insight into the operating pattern of a building HVAC system and (iv) can be used for diagnostic purposes.
ATM and the future of telecommunication networking

Telecommunication services and networks are in the process of significant change. This paper examines whether asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), thought at one time to be the only viable broadband communication protocol, providing end-to-end connectivity for all applications, still has a role to play in the evolving telecommunication environment. The paper considers the trends in network integration, the emergence of many new services, and the alternative communication protocols with which ATM must compete or interwork. It also addresses the fundamental issue of how to develop a reasonable pricing strategy for these integrated multiservice networks. Several examples are given which show how ATM is adapting to accommodate changing requirements, whilst maintaining its essential ability to transport a diverse range of services. In addition, the authors make a tentative proposal about how economic forces could be harnessed to form a new integrated service model that is compatible with a network infrastructure based upon ATM or any suitable alternative.
Statistical Analysis and Optimization of an Aerobic SBR Treating an Industrial Estate Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

In this study, the performance of an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) removing carbon and nutrient (N & P) from Faraman's industrial wastewater (FIW) was investigated. This study was performed by varying two significant independent variables viz. aeration time and biomass concentration. The experiments were conducted based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The region of exploration for the process was taken as the area enclosed by aeration time (6-24 h) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (MLVSS) concentration (2000-7000 mg/l) boundaries. Seven dependent parameters as the process responses were measured and calculated. Direct and interactive effects of th e variables on the responses were described by the models given by RSM. The results showed that the maximum total COD (TCOD) removal of 73.89% was obtained at the highest value of the factors (24 h and 7000 mg/l). The maximum values of total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency were found to be 36.39%. The low TN removal directed the study to the reduction of oxygen level from 7 to 3 mg/l. The DO reduction with the extended aeration mode resulted in an increase in TN removal while decreased the TCOD, non-biodegradable CO D (nbCOD) and BOD removal efficiencies. The oxygen concentration had diminutive effect on phosphoru s removal.
Plasticity across levels: Relating epigenomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic responses to osmotic stress in a halotolerant microalga

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce alternative phenotypes in response to its environment of development, is an important mechanism for coping with variable environments. While the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity are diverse, their relative contributions need to be investigated quantitatively to better understand the evolvability of plasticity across biological levels. This requires relating plastic responses of the epigenome, transcriptome, and organismal phenotype, and how they vary with the genotype. Here we carried out this approach for responses to osmotic stress in Dunaliella salina, a green microalga that is a model organism for salinity tolerance. We compared two strains that show markedly different demographic responses to osmotic stress, and showed that these phenotypic responses involve strain- and environment-specific variation in gene expression levels, but a relative low - but significant - effect of strain × environment interaction. We also found an important genotype effect on the genome-wide methylation pattern, but little contribution from environmental conditions to the latter. However, we did detect a significant marginal effect of epigenetic variation on gene expression, beyond the influence of genetic differences on epigenetic state, and we showed that hypomethylated regions are correlated with higher gene expression. Our results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms are either not involved in the rapid plastic response to environmental change in this species, or involve only few changes in trans that are sufficient to trigger concerted changes in the expression of many genes, and phenotypic responses by multiple traits.
Noise analysis for high speed CMOS image sensor

Noise performance of the high speed image sensor is a bottle neck for its low illumination applications. As the foremost stage circuit, pixel noise is an important portion of high speed image sensor system. This paper has discussed and analyzed the different noise source of the 4T pixel and influence on the image quality of high speed image sensor in detail. We proposed circuit model of pixel with ideal correlated double sampler to simulate the noise source distribution in the pixel and noise reducing methods. Pixel random readout noise can be effectively reduced to 5.44e by optimizing the gate size of the reset transistor.
Investigation of the type inversion phenomena: resistivity and carrier mobility in the space charge region and electrical neutral bulk in neutron irradiated silicon p/sup +/-n junction detectors

The changes of effective dopant concentration in the space-charge region (SCR) of neutron irradiated silicon detectors are investigated near the type inversion point. In addition to conventional capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, the transient current technique using a laser light excitation which is adsorbed at 10 mu m in the silicon is also applied. The details of transient current response in irradiated silicon detectors are discussed. This gives the possibility for determining the effective dopant concentration in the SCR as well as properties in the electrically neutral bulk of silicon detectors. >
An Innovative Modelling Approach Based on Building Physics and Machine Learning for the Prediction of Indoor Thermal Comfort in an Office Building

In this paper, an innovative hybrid modelling technique based on machine learning and building dynamic simulation is presented for the prediction of indoor thermal comfort feedback from occupants in an office building in Le Bourget-du-Lac, Chambéry, France. The office was equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) environmental sensors. A calibrated building energy model was created for the building using optimisation tools. Thermal comfort was collected using a portable device. A machine learning (ML) model was trained using collected feedback, environmental data from IoT devices and synthetic datasets (virtual sensors) extracted from a physics-based model. A calibrated energy model was used in co-simulation with the predictive method to estimate comfort levels for the building. The results show the ability of the method to improve the prediction of occupant feedback when compared to traditional thermal comfort approaches of about 25%, the importance of information extracted from the physics-based model and the possibility of leveraging scenario evaluation capabilities of the dynamic simulation model for control purposes.
ANALYSIS OF NOISY VOLTAGE SIGNAL WITH A HIGH RESOLUTION OF FREQUENCY FOR THE CLOSING OF TRANSMISSION LINES

This paper presents an auto - reclosing tech- nique for compensated transmission lines, which uses the Prony Method for the determination of the optimal switch- ing moment. The influence of the signal noise to this algo- rithm is reduced with the help of the singular value decomposition. The mathematical basics for both tech- niques are explained and the results of computer simula- tions are shown.
Charge control: modeling, analysis and design

A power converter control method called charge control is studied. A complete small-signal analysis is performed for the control scheme. Subharmonic oscillation similar to that of current-injection control is found, and the relationship between the subharmonic oscillation and line/load condition of charge control is defined. Design guidelines which guarantee the stability of the control system under given line and load ranges are proposed. The small-signal model was confirmed experimentally. <<ETX>>
A Study on the Ontology Model for Preventing Livestock Disease Spread

The damage caused by malignant domestic animal infectious disease including AI and FMD has been on the rise throughout the world and in line with increasingly growing trade of livestock products, the need for early monitoring and epidemic prevention at early stage is more than important. This paper is intended to propose the ontology model which will detect the domestic animal infectious disease at early stage using context information and prevent the spread of disease. This study thus is aimed at designing the structure of situational awareness system to which ontology-based context model is applied in a bid to provide the service which will prevent the spreading of epidemic as well as apply through the experimental scenario.
Optimal energy management of a series hybrid vehicle with combined fuel economy and low-emission objectives

A series hybrid powertrain provides ultimate freedom in controlling the engine. The flexibility enabled with hybridization creates chances for a synergistic approach, in which the hybrid supervisory control can be augmented to address both the emissions and the efficiency. In this paper, two policy optimization techniques are proposed, namely stochastic dynamic programming and neurodynamic programming, for designing power management controllers. These controllers are then compared with a baseline rule-based controller. The intention is to investigate the additional benefits possible through application of policy optimization algorithms and a systematic framework capable of representing complex system-level effects. The power management of a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle is pursued as a sequential decision-making problem under uncertainty (stochastic control). The low energy density of the hydraulic accumulator adds to the control challenge. First, stochastic dynamic programming and neurodynamic programming are applied to design a controller based on the fuel economy objective. The problem is subsequently expanded to include minimization of transient diesel engine emissions. This poses additional challenges due to the increased state space. The problem is computationally intractable by stochastic dynamic programming and is solved using the newly proposed neurodynamic programming framework. Finally, the supervisory controllers are implemented and evaluated using simulations and an engine-in-the-loop facility. It is shown that, by designing an intelligent multi-objective controller, significant reduction in both the fuel consumption and the emissions can be achieved compared with strategies which focus solely on the fuel consumption.
Modes and Forcing of Hydroclimatic Variability in the Upper North Saskatchewan River Basin Since 1063

In this paper the mean water year (October through September) flow of the North Saskatchewan River (NSR) at Edmonton, Alberta is reconstructed back to 1063 A.D. using a new network of moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies from limber pine and Douglas fir at seven sites in the headwater sub-basins of the North Saskatchewan River Basin (NSRB). Over the full extent of the proxy hydrometric record (10632007), we examined 1) the duration and severity of low flow, 2) the dominant frequencies of periodic variability and 3) the correlation between these significant periodicities in proxy streamflow and climate indices, specifically sea surface temperature oscillations, which are known drivers of regional hydroclimatic variability. This new record of the paleohydrology of the NSRB is compared to previous tree-ring reconstructions of the annul flow of the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers. Extending the reference hydrology for the basin from decades to centuries changes perceptions of the reliability of the water supply and understanding of the hydroclimatic variability. The gauge record not does represent the full extent of interannual to multidecadal variability in the tree-ring data; there are periods of low flow in the pre-instrumental record that are longer and more severe than those recorded by the gauge.
A cross sectional study of psychiatric morbidity in children of alcohol dependent fathers

Background: Children of Alcoholics (COAs) form a large but heterogeneous group. Along with genetic predisposition to develop dependence, COAs may inherit other comorbid mental disorders, that the alcohol dependence syndrome often presents with. Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in children in general have been reported to be around 6.46 % in Indian studies. Studies done with COAs have shown mixed findings, reporting both internalizing, externalizing and other behaviour problems. With dearth of Indian studies assessing psychiatric morbidity in COAs, a study was conducted to assess same. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in private de-addiction centre in South India. Sixtyfive children in age group of 6 to 18 years, whose fathers were admitted for alcohol dependence syndrome, were assessed along with their primary care giver using a semi-structured socio-demographic proforma and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version. Chi square and independent samples t test were used as appropriate. Results: 55.4% of the children had some lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Around 21.5% of children had more than one lifetime diagnoses. Most common disorders found were anxiety disorders followed by mood disorders. Comparison of socio-demographic variables with respect to presence or absence of any lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, anxiety disorders, mood disorders and multiple diagnoses did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity in COAs was higher than in children in general population as reported in other studies. Having alcohol dependent males in de-addiction centres provides an avenue for early detection and treatment of psychiatric morbidity in their children.