Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It's making us look disgusting…and it makes me feel like a mink…it makes me feel depressed!: using photovoice to help ‘see’ and understand the perspectives of disadvantaged young people about the neighbourhood determinants of their mental well-being

There is growing recognition that poor adolescent mental well-being is a serious global health issue. Research exploring adult mental well-being issues has shown positive and negative associations with environmental factors such as quality of the neighbourhoods and social support. However, little is known about young people's notions of mental well-being, or factors they associate with generating, sustaining or eroding it. A qualitative community-based participatory research study was conducted using photovoice (PV), with young people attending a youth project based in a deprived inner-city neighbourhood in Scotland. The research enabled participants to identify and explore aspects of their neighbourhood they experienced as having a direct impact on their mental well-being. The following themes emerged as those most important to participants' mental well-being: (1) perceived levels of local neighbourhood investment and care; (2) access to various forms of capital (including social, economic and natural capital) and (3) fears about personal safety. Concerns about being perceived as poor by others and feeling neglected by city officials and councillors also pervaded participants' accounts. Young people actively engaged in this research and helped generate rich, contextualised data about their lives and neighbourhoods. Moreover, they identified feasible, locally based remedies to perceived problems. PV is a powerful tool for engaging disadvantaged adolescents in research about their health. This study revealed that there are several important and modifiable aspects of the neighbourhood environment that if remedial actions were taken, it could have a beneficial effect on young people's mental well-being.
An Overview of Synoptic and Mesoscale Factors Contributing to the Disastrous Atlanta Flood of 2009

©2011 American Meteorological Society to levels exceeding the estimated 500-yr flood. The Yellow River stream gauges in Gwinnett, DeKalb, and Rockdale Counties measured flows that submerged the 100-yr floodplains but failed to reach the 200-yr flood level, which has a 0.5% chance of occurring in any given year (www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp? ID=2316). The 100-yr flood level with a 1% chance of occurrence in any given year is one of the standards that the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) uses to set flood insurance rates and prevent flood plain development. The USGS recorded 100-yr f lood levels on the Chattahoochee River at Vinings in Atlanta (Fig. 2), where stage heights An Overview of Synoptic and Mesoscale Factors Contributing to the Disastrous Atlanta Flood of 2009
Unsteady Viscous Flow on Oscillating Airfoils

Incompressible laminar and turbulent flows over flat plates and airfoils have been investigated numerically and experimentally in unsteady flow conditions. Important differences were found between laminar and turbulent flat plate flows over a wide range of oscillation frequencies. Also, the importance of unsteady effects on laminar boundary layers was found to diminish rapidly with increasing longitudinal pressure gradients, whereas turbulent separation on airfoils was significantly affected by oscillatory motion when the incidence approached the stall angle. The calculated hysteresis in turbulent separation followed in a qualitative sense the well-known trends of dynamic stall delay and reattachment. However, the numerical analysis failed to indicate some of the important features of dynamic stall observed in the present experiment and in previous studies.
Riskfylld alkoholanvändning hos ungdomar med cannabisproblem

Ungdomar som anvander cannabis dricker ocksa ofta alkohol. Denna arti-kel belyser hur en riskfylld alkoholkonsumtion hos ungdomar, som inleder behandling pa storstadernas Maria-mottagningar for mis .
Late-life functional capacity and health among Finnish war veterans : Veteran Project 1992 and 2004 surveys

Becoming involved in war is an experience that has the potential to shape later-life health. The aim of the present study was to explore Finnish Second World War veterans’ health status and the determinants of self-rated health (SRH) and functional capacity, especially the ability to walk, and to identify risk factors and their combinations that predict late-life mortality among veterans. The study population comprised Finnish Second World War veterans who participated in the Veteran 1992 and Veteran 2004 Project surveys. In 1992, a postal questionnaire was sent to all 242,720 war veterans living in Finland. The follow-up survey, the Veteran 2004 Project, was conducted with a randomized sample of veterans who participated in the Veteran 1992 Project. The total number of participants in the baseline survey was 177,989 men and 48,745 women, and in the follow-up survey, 4,348 men and 651 women. The response rate was high in both surveys: 93% in 1992 and 87% in 2004. All analyses were conducted separately for men without disability, men with disability and women. In a cross-sectional study, SRH and functional capacity was found to be better among 80–84year-old Finnish war veterans in 2004 compared with 1992, although the prevalence of many diseases increased during the follow-up. Among the 4,999 veterans who participated in both surveys, the majority rated their health as improved or unchanged during the follow-up. Walking difficulties and cardiovascular (CVD), musculoskeletal and neurological diseases were found to be predictors of declined SRH. When exploring functional capacity among veterans, neurological and musculoskeletal diseases, but especially walking difficulties, predicted veterans’ future functional impairment as many as 12 years in advance, and worsening of these conditions was associated with impaired activities of daily living. During an average 9.9-year follow-up, walking difficulties alone or together with multimorbidity and/or with a third risk factor was the most important risk factor for total and for CVD mortality among all veteran groups. In conclusion, the majority of veterans rated their SRH as improved or unchanged during the follow-up. The importance of walking difficulties as a determinant of SRH and functional capacity and as a predictor of mortality was confirmed.
The photosphere and chromosphere of the RS Canum Venaticorum star, II Pegasi - II. A multi-wavelength campaign in August/September 1992

We describe multi-wavelength, simultaneous observations of the RS CVn star, II Pegasi, most of which were obtained during the first three weeks of September 1992. These observations were made using optical and infra-red broad-band photometry, ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy and microwave monitoring. We have detected photospheric spots and chromospheric flares, as well as deriving a description of mean conditions in the quiet chromosphere. One of the flares, observed in optical photometry and ultraviolet spectroscopy is one of the most energetic ever observed on this star. We demonstrate that in its "quiescent” state II Peg is continually variable in most of its chromospheric emissions, as well as in its coronal output.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Severe Mental Illness Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Uganda

Globally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components which are the major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, is higher among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and unhealthy diets common among patients with SMI as well as due to cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being highly prevalent among patients with SMI, little attention is given to these conditions during routine reviews in the mental health clinics in most low-income countries including Uganda. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of MetS among patients with SMI at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), a tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda. Through a cross-sectional study at the mental health clinic of the hospital, we recruited 304 patients with SMI and evaluated them for MetS using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. We defined the prevalence of MetS as the proportion of patients meeting the NCEP ATP III criteria. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between MetS and independent variables. We included a total of 302 (44.37% male, 55.63% female) patients with a diagnosis of SMI in the analysis. The prevalence of MetS was 23.51% (95% CI 18.84–28.71). At multivariable logistic regression, age >40 years and long duration of mental illness (>10 years) were significantly associated with MetS. The prevalence of MetS is high among patients with psychiatric disorders, and thus metabolic screening, especially among the high-risk groups, is critical.
Innate Immune Responses Associated with Resistance against Haemonchus contortus in Morada Nova Sheep

The immune response against Haemonchus contortus infections is primarily associated with the Th2 profile. However, the exact mechanisms associated with increased sheep resistance against this parasite remains poorly elucidated. The present study is aimed at evaluating mediators from the innate immune response in lambs of the Morada Nova Brazilian breed with contrasting H. contortus resistance phenotypes. Briefly, 287 lambs were characterized through fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) after two independent experimental parasitic challenges with 4,000 H. contortus L3. 20 extreme resistance phenotypes (10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible) were selected, subjected to a third artificial infection with 4,000 L3, and euthanized 7 days later. Tissue samples were collected from abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 7 of the third parasitic challenge. RNA was extracted from tissue and blood samples for relative quantification of innate immune-related genes by RT-qPCR. For the abomasal fundic mucosa, increased TNFα and IL1β expression levels (P < 0.05) were found in the susceptible animals, while resistant animals had IL33 superiorly expressed (P < 0.05). Higher levels (P < 0.05) of TLR2 and CFI were found in the abomasal pyloric mucosa of resistant animals. TNFα was at higher levels (P < 0.05) in the blood of susceptible lambs, at day 0 of the third artificial infection. The exacerbated proinflammatory response observed in susceptible animals, at both local and systemic levels, may be a consequence of high H. contortus parasitism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the higher blood levels of TNFα before the onset of infection, which probably remained elevated from the previous parasitic challenges. On the other hand, resistant lambs had an enhanced response mediated by TLR recognition and complement activation. Nevertheless, this is the first study to directly associate sheep parasitic resistance with IL33, an innate trigger of the Th2-polarized response.
Exosomes Mediate Hippocampal and Cortical Neuronal Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Activating Pyroptosis in Rats

Background The neuronal injury and cognitive dysfunction after liver transplantation have severe effects on the prognosis and life quality of patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that both exosomes and pyroptosis could participate in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and play key roles in neuronal death. However, the link between exosomes and neuronal pyroptosis in HIRI awaits further investigation. Methods After establishing the HIRI rat models, we primarily studied the role of pyroptosis in hippocampal and cortical neuron injury through detecting NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) expressions with western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, we intravenously injected normal male rats with exosomes isolated from the sera of HIRI-challenged rats and pretreated rats with MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3, and carried out the same assay. We also detected the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampal and cortical tissues. Results The results indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis were activated in the hippocampus and cortex of HIRI rats. Furthermore, serum-derived exosomes from HIRI-challenged rats not only had the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) but also had the similar effects on neuronal pyroptosis. Moreover, ROS and MDA productions were induced in the HIRI and exosome-challenged groups. In addition, to some degree, MCC950 could alleviate HIRI-mediated hippocampal and cortical neuronal pyroptosis. Conclusion This study experimentally demonstrated that circulating exosomes play a critical role in HIRI-mediated hippocampal and cortical injury through regulating neuronal pyroptosis.
Serum-Free Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates in Suspension Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate towards bone, fat, and cartilage lineages. The most widely used culture and differentiation protocols for MSCs are currently limited by their use of serum-containing media and small-scale static culture vessels. Suspension bioreactors have multiple advantages over static culture vessels (e.g., scalability, control, and mechanical forces). This study sought to compare the formation and culture of 3D aggregates of human synovial fluid MSCs within suspension bioreactors and static microwell plates. It also sought to elucidate the benefits of these techniques in terms of productivity, cell number, and ability to generate aggregates containing extracellular matrix deposition. MSCs in serum-free medium were either (1) inoculated as single cells into suspension bioreactors, (2) aggregated using static microwell plates prior to being inoculated in the bioreactor environment, or (3) aggregated using microwell plates and kept in the static environment. Preformed aggregates that were size-controlled at inoculation had a greater tendency to form large, irregular super aggregates after a few days of suspension culture. The single MSCs inoculated into suspension bioreactors formed a more uniform population of smaller aggregates after a definite culture period of 8 days. Both techniques showed initial deposition of extracellular matrix within the aggregates. When the relationship between aggregate size and ECM deposition was investigated in static culture, midsized aggregates (100-300 cells/aggregate) were found to most consistently maximize sGAG and collagen productivity. Thus, this study presents a 3D tissue culture method, which avoids the clinical drawbacks of serum-containing medium that can easily be scaled for tissue culture applications.
Identifying Mutually Exclusive Gene Sets with Prognostic Value and Novel Potential Driver Genes in Patients with Glioblastoma

The pathogenesis and prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remain poorly understood. Mutual exclusivity analysis can distinguish driver genes and pathways from passenger ones. The purpose of this study was to identify mutually exclusive gene sets (MEGSs) that have prognostic value and to detect novel driver genes in GBM. The genomic alteration profile and clinical information were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the MEGSA method was used to identify the MEGS. Next, we performed survival analysis and constructed a risk prediction model for prognostic stratification. Leave-one-out cross-validation and permutation test were used to evaluate its performance. Finally, we identified 21 statistically significant MEGSs. We found that the MEGS in the RB pathway was significantly associated with poor prognosis, after adjusting for age and gender (HR = 1.837, 95% CI: 1.192–2.831). Based on the risk prediction model, 208 (80.9%) and 49 (19.1%) patients were assigned to high- and low-risk groups, respectively (log-rank: p < 0.001, adjusted p=0.001). Additionally, we found that SPTA1, a novel gene involved in the MEGS, was mutually exclusive with members of cell cycle, P53, and RB pathways. In conclusion, the MEGS in the RB pathway had considerable clinical value for GBM prognostic stratification. Mutated SPTA1 may be involved in GBM development.
Study of the acoustic noise in pipelines carrying oil products in a refinery establishment

The monitoring of pipeline networks in utility or industrial distribution installations for fault detection (e.g. leaks in water or hydrocarbon pipelines) is important for economical and environmental reasons and critical from the health hazard perspective. Significant focus has been attracted over the years on the implementation of passive and active methods for the fault source localization, based on acoustic signal processing. The knowledge of the acoustic noise background's stochastic characteristics, that is inherent in such installations due to electronic or mechanical machinery induced interference is crucial for designing and deploying an efficient, acoustic signal based, fault detection and localization system. In this paper, time and frequency domain algorithmic approaches are presented for estimating the lower and higher order statistical parameters of the signals of interest, as well as power spectrum and correlation estimates. These techniques are utilized on real measurements from oil refinery pipeline systems for acoustic noise characterization as a first step for the subsequent derivation of a Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA) source localization system.
Spine and Extremity Fractures Associated with Firearms: Differences by Firearm Type and Injury Circumstances -

Objectives: Firearm injuries often involve the musculoskeletal system. Few studies address fracture patterns, and none use a comprehensive national database. It was our purpose to describe fracture patterns associated with firearm use involving the spine and extremities using a comprehensive database, specifically analyzing for differences by firearm type and if the patient had been shot or injured in a different manner. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospective data collected by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (Firearm Injury Surveillance Study 1993-2008) was performed. The data were analyzed for the anatomic location of the fracture and if the patient was shot or not shot. Statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 10™ software. Results: There were an estimated 1,841,269 patients with firearm injuries; 102,931 had fractures at an average age of 27.7 years. The proportion of fractures increased from 1993 to 2008. Of the fractures, 1,981 (1.9%) involved the spine, 48,625 (47.2%) the upper extremity, and 52,325 (50.8%) the lower extremity. Spine fractures were associated only with handguns or rifles; BB guns had a high incidence of upper extremity fractures (78.6%) while fractures from other firearms were relatively equal between the upper and lower extremity. Upper extremity fractures were much more common in those who were not shot (69.7%) compared to those shot (44.4%). Conclusions: The proportion of fractures due to firearms is increasing and is the most common in the extremities. Upper extremity fractures were more likely when a BB gun was involved while lower extremity fractures were more likely when handguns/shotguns/ rifles were involved. This baseline nationwide data can be used as a reference for future studies of fractures associated with firearm use.
Some rarely reported deep-water macroalgal species from Bonaire, Caribbean Sea, including Verdigellas discoidea sp. nov. (Palmophyllaceae, Chlorophyta) based on submersible collections

Abstract Two rarely reported and one newly described species of benthic marine algae are herein recognized from deep-water habitats at Bonaire, representing the first Caribbean reports of each. Archestenogramma profundum is previously known only from its type collection in Bermuda at 17 m depth and the rarely reported Halymenia integra is known originally from its type locality at Cabo Frio, Brazil. Verdigellas discoidea is newly described on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. It forms flat circular thalli to 6.5 cm in diameter, measuring to 390 μm thick. The disc-like algae are attached by several small holdfasts on the ventral surface, but the margins are mostly free from their substrata.
Consumer Expenditures and Home Production at Retirement – New Evidence from Germany

Abstract This paper investigates consumer expenditures of German households pre- and post-retirement. The widely observed distinct drop in spending upon retirement entry poses an empirical puzzle since life cycle theory predicts smoothing of the marginal utility of consumption over time. As one explanation, I explore the role of home production as a substitute for consumer expenses. Taking a combined look at consumer expenditures and time use pre- and post-retirement, I find a significant drop of about 17% of pre-retirement expenses at retirement which coincides with an increase in time spent on home production of an additional 89 minutes per day, accounting for 21% of average home production.
Dissolution and bioactivity of a sol-gel derived borate glass in six different solution media

Abstract Sol-gel derived bioactive borate glasses (SGBGs) rapidly convert to hydroxycarbonated apatite (HCA) in simulated body fluid (SBF), in vitro. While previous studies have examined the influence of processing and composition on bioactivity, the effect of the in vitro dissolution media has not been well examined for these glasses. In this study, the mineral conversion of a SGBG substituted 45S5 Bioglass® formulation (“B46”, (46.1)B2O3-(26.9)CaO-(24.4)Na2O-(2.6)P2O5, mol%), was examined in six different dissolution media: SBF, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS, pH 7.4) buffer, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 1X), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, 1X), 0.9% Saline (SAL), and deionized water (DIW) at 1.5 mg/mL for 10 min, 2h, and 1d. All media underwent a rapid increase in pH as a result of glass dissolution and ion release. B46 in SBF, TRIS, and PBS converted to HCA while B46 in DMEM, SAL, and DIW converted to calcite according to attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The ratio of B46 to SBF was also examined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg/mL for 1d. These results help elucidate the dissolution and mineral conversion of borate glasses and help provide insights into optimizing pre-conditioning treatments for both in vitro and in vivo analyses.