Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the Interactions of Cytotoxic T Cells with Neurons in vivo

The central nervous system (CNS) is considered as largely isolated from the immune system – a status referred to as “immune privilege”. But CNS-tissue is constantly surveyed by immune cells and can under certain circumstances, such as viral infections, become a target of inflammatory responses. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) combat viruses in peripheral organs as well as the CNS and can contribute to inflammation-induced tissue damage. This concept drives the viral deja vu mouse model, where defined sequences of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections cause severe CNS inflammation. The CTL response targets viral epitopes of persistently infected neurons that are shared by the used viruses. To better understand the requirements and consequences for CTL:neuron interactions in vivo, different epitope mutants of the immunodominant LCMV epitopes NP396-404 and GP33-41 with different affinities to MHC class I were tested for their contribution in deja vu disease. While the CTL response against the LCMV nucleoprotein epitope NP396-404 was shown to be pivotal for viral deja vu disease, the co-expression of high affinity GP33 mutant epitopes did indeed aggravate disease but could not induce viral deja vu disease in the absence of NP396-404. Furthermore, the molecular mediators and structural consequences of CTL attack on neurons were investigated by using bone marrow chimeras of CTL effector molecules and their receptors. CTL-derived Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was identified as key mediator of CTL-induced synapse loss (“deafferentation”) in virus-infected neurons. Deafferentation was found to correlate with clinical disability and dependend on the activation of the JAK–STAT1 pathway by IFN-γ-receptor signaling in target neurons. A similar IFN-γ signature was found in human neurons affected by Rasmussen’s encephalitis, a CTL-mediated autoimmune disease. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms operating at the immunological synapse between CTL and neuron in inflammatory diseases of the CNS.
GHGT-10 CO 2 storage in coal-bearing formation

Deep coal-bearing formation (DCBF) has many advantages in geological CO2 storage such as large storage capacity as sedimentary formation and the CBM production by ECBMR from coal seam. A non-isothermal multi-phase multi-component fluid dynamic simulator for CO2 storage in DCBF was developed and verified. The CO2 storage performance for the DCBF in Ariake Area, Kyushu, Japan was conducted by using the developed simulator. The result showed the poor sealing performance for the long term storage in the DCBF of this area.
The relationship between structure and specificity in the plant nitrilases

5 List of abbreviations. 6 0.1 Introduction. 10 0.1.1 Nitrilases. 10 0.1.2 Industrial considerations. 10 0.1.3 Structural biology of nitrilases. 11 0.1. 4 Physiological role of nitrilases. 13 0.1. 5 Aims. 15 0.2 Materials and methods. 16 0.2.1 Homology modelling. 16 0.2.2 Molecular biology. 16 0.2.2.1 Overlap extension PCR. 16 0.2.2.2 Site-directed mutagenesis. 17 0.2.2.3 Transformation and sequencing. 19 0.2.3 Protein expression and purification for activity assays. 20 0.2. 4 Protein expression and purification for electron microscopy. 21 0.2. 5 SDS-PAGE. 22 0.2. 6 Bradford assay. 22 0.2. 7 Specific activity measurement. 23 0.2. 8 Photometric detection of free ammonia. 24 0.2. 9 Negative-stain electron microscopy. 25 0.2.10 Helical image processing. 25 0.2.11 Helical reconstruction. 25 0.2.12 Single-particle image processing. 27 0.2.13 Single-particle reconstruction. 27 0.2.14 Resolution estimation. 28 0.2.15 Data visualisation. 28 0.2.16 Mutant list. 28 Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn 8 SECTION 1: Substrate specificity: modifying preferred substrate size and chemistry 1.1 Introduction. 29 1.1.1 Interface formation. 29 1.1.2 Substrate specificity. 30 1.1.3 Aims. 32 1.1. 4 Brief summary of findings. 33 1.2 Results. 34 1.2.1 Interface disruption. 34 1.2.2 The position of the substrate within the binding pocket. 35 1.2.3 The role of quaternary structure. 36 1.2. 4 Nitrilase helical reconstruction. 36 1.2. 5 Substrate size vs. helical twist. 39 1.2. 6 Exchanging the helical twist. 39 1.2. 7 Interface formation and specificity. 46 1.2. 8 Active-site pocket mutations. 47 1.2. 9 Nitrilase 4 β-cyanoalanine binding. 53 1.3 Discussion. 56 1.3. 1 Substrate specificity. 56 1.3. 2 Methodology. 57 1.3. 2.1 Helical reconstruction. 57 1.3. 2.2 Specific activity measurement. 57 1.3. 3 Active site pocket specificity determinants. 58 1.3. 4 Interface disruption and inactivation. 59 SECTION 2: Amide/ acid ratio: reaction mechanism and modifying product ratio 2.1 Introduction. 61 2.1.1 Mechanism. 61 2.1.2 Electronic effects. 62 2.1.3 Amide:acid ratio of nitrilase enzymes. 63 2.1. 4 Aims. 64 2.1. 5 Brief summary of findings. 64 Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn 9 2.2 Results. 66 2.2.1 Nitrilase active site. 66 2.2.2 The unbound enzyme state. 66 2.2.3 Tetrahedral intermediate state. 67 2.2. 4 The nitrilase reaction model. 67 2.2. 5 Determinants of nitrilase amide:acid product ratio. 72 2.2. 6 S. alba NIT1c and S. arvensis NIT1c: effect of tyrosine. 72 2.2. 7 Amide: acid ratio in nitrilase 4: effect of arg/lys. 74 2.3 Discussion. 76 2.3. 1 Mechanism modelling. 76 2.3. 2 Determinants of nitrilase activity. 77 2.3. 3 Nitrilase mechanism. 78 2.3. 4 Nitrilase mechanism: amide formation. 79 Conclusions and future work. 82 References. 85 Appendix. 96
Effect of Health Educational Program on Improving Knowledge and Practices of Caregivers of Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Background. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease characterized by hyperphotosensitivity. Aim. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a health educational program on improving knowledge and practices of caregivers of children with xeroderma pigmentosum. Subjects and Methods. A quasi- experimental design with pre/post intervention assessments is utilized in this study with a purposive sample of 50 caregivers from 21 families of 30 children with a diagnosis of XP from the Pediatric Dermatology and Oncology outpatient clinics in the Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University in Cairo; the Dermatology outpatient clinic, Cairo University Hospital in Cairo; the Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU) in Mansoura, and the Oncology Center, Tanta University in Tanta. Results. There were highly statistically significant differences between mean scores of pre/post test p <0.001 in total mean scores of knowledge about XP that 38.13% of caregivers had poor scores, which improved to 71.98% good scores after implementation the program. Regarding to practices, 42.45% of caregivers had poor practices, which improved to 76.78% that indicated improvement after providing of the educational program. Conclusions and Recommendations. The study demonstrated that implementation of an educational program had a significant positive impact on caregivers' knowledge and practice. The developed educational program should be implemented on a wider scale of nursing care and for longer time to assess long-term impact in further studies. Safy S. Al-Rafay and Sahar A. Shafik. Effect of Health Educational Program on Improving Knowledge and Practices of Caregivers of Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum. N Y Sci J 2014;7(1):133-144). (ISSN: 1554- 0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork. 19
The Effectiveness of data presentation formats: An Exploratory Study

This paper contributes to the understanding of how data presentation formats may affect decision-making. We report on two experiments, one using verbal protocols and one including eye tracking as methods for data collection. Compared to previous studies, our experiments were characterised by complex tasks with a requirement for accuracy (problem tasks) and by allowing our subjects to use decision aids. We found that decision-makers used both verbal and perceptual processes to handle the task. Furthermore, we found that the subjects needed both tables and graphs to support their decision-processes. The tables facilitated the subjects’ calculations, while the graphs gave overviews when studying the trends in the development of the solutions.
Dysgerminoma with An Underlying Bilateral Gonadoblastoma: Immunohistochemical Study

Scully described the gonadoblastoma as a tumor of ovary composed of germ cells and sex cord derivatives in 1953. The gonadoblastoma have frequently been detec­ ted in patients with gonadal dysgenesis and most of the patients whose karyotype has been determined were found to have a Y chromosome. We identified a 12 years old patient with bilateral dysgermioma developed in a gonadoblastoma. The tumor has been stained for vimentin and cytokeratin using immunohistochemical methods. It has been determined that sex cord cells in solid nests showed focal strong positive staining for vimentin and weak focal positive staining for cytokeratin and germ cells did not react to vimentin and cytokeratin. In this report, we discussed our histopathologic and immunohis­ tochemical findings with review of the literature.
Comparative Analysis of Innovative Materials Application in Aircraft Building of Different Countries

The article identifies the causes and factors proving the urgent need for the use of innovative materials in aircraft production.The authors have considered various types of materials applied in aircraft building and have identified the most advanced and durable ones. Besides, they have performed a comparative analysis of the materials used in aircraft production in different countries.The production advantages and disadvantages of such materials are also reviewed in the article. The authors of the article have considered the most prospective substances used for producing aircraft parts and have analyzed both domestic and foreign experience in the use of innovative materials.
Maximally Smooth Forward Rate Curves for Coupon Bearing Bonds

We present a fast and accurate algorithm to compute the maximally smooth instantaneous forward rate curve and the associated spot rate curve for the term structure of interest rates for coupon bearing bonds. The method produces zero pricing errors, constrains initial and terminal conditions of the spot and forward curves and produces the maximally smooth forward rate curve among the class of polynomial spline functions. The algorithm is simple enough to be quickly explained to traders and clients and flexible enough to be easily modified for different types of fixed income security markets. We illustrate the algorithm using on-the-run U.S. Treasury bonds for periods where the yield curve has a normal shape and also when it is inverted.
Market pricing of fair value measurements for non-financial firms

Prior research has examined the value relevance of fair value measurements for financial firms. However, prior research has not examined the value relevance of fair value measurements for non-financial firms since the issuance of SFAS 157. Non-financial firms represent approximately 80% of firms, and they hold significant amounts of fair value assets. Therefore, it is important to document investors’ perceptions of non-financial firms’ fair value measurements. This study provides evidence on the value relevance of fair value asset and liability measurements for non-financial firms. The results show that Level 1 and 2 fair value asset measurements are value relevant and positively associated with stock prices. However, Level 3 fair value measurements are negatively associated with stock prices. This is inconsistent with both predictions and the results for financial firm in prior studies and in this study. This result suggests that investors penalize non-financial firms for investing in Level 3 fair value assets, perhaps because investors perceive that better investments are available. Finally, the results show that in contrast to evidence for financial firms, Level 3 fair value liability measurements are not value relevant. Overall this study documents and provides evidence on the value relevance of fair value measurements for non-financial firms which has not been explored by prior research.
Secure Data Deduplication and Auditing for Cloud Data Storage

:-To avoid redundant data storage on cloud data, deduplication is important aspect in cloud storage platform. Cross client data deduplication technique is widely used on cloud storage servers. The MLE scheme supports secure data deduplication checking. Along with the data security data integrity is important aspect. This work aims to provide a framework for secure data deduplication and data auditing. UR-MLE2 scheme helps to check deduplication whereas data auditor is responsible for data integrity checking. To improve the system performance dynamic binary decision tree is used to check data deduplication. Dynamic binary tree updates the tree data as per user modification or deletion of user data. The system performance will be evaluated based on execution time.
Articolo Biological profile and 2 D / 3 D morphometric analysis of pre-protohistoric human skeletal remains from Eastern Alps

The research proposes a review of pre-protohistoric human groups from Eastern Alps through qualitative and quantitative analysis of osteological finds. The sample consists of human skeletal remains from several archaeological sites of the Trentino-Alto Adige and covers a broad chronological period between the Upper Paleolithic and Early Bronze Age. The finds are part of the anthropological collection preserved at the MUSE – Museum of Sciences (Trento). Comparisons are represented by european specimens selected from the Howells’ craniometric data set (1995). Through comparative analysis and innovative digital techniques for data processing (laser scanning, 2D / 3D landmark based geometric morphometrics, thin-plate spline, multivariate statistical analysis), we carried out an assessment of the biological profile and morphometric features by examining shape and size variation in the cranial district. Methods adopted, based on the quantification of geometric differences, allowed to estimate the degree of morphological affinity, biological relationships, paleopathology and skeletal features of people who populated the Eastern Alps, shedding new light on the origin of hunters and gatherers, neolithic transition and anatomical features.
Keep an eye on information processing: Eye tracking evidence for the influence of hypertext structures on navigational behaviour and textual complexity

In the following empirical study the influence of hypertext structures on the processing of information will be examined using eye tracking data. It will be tested whether the organizational structure of hypertexts influences navigational behaviour. Moreover we want to find out whether the information architecture has an effect on the number and duration of fixations and reading comprehension. A source text on the topic of speed reading consisting of 597 words was converted into an axial and a networked hypertext. The subjects in this test series were 22 students of English and American studies from Graz University, who were all on the level of C1 according to the common European Framework of Reference. To sample the position of the user’s eye on an average of every 20 ms the Eye Tracker Tobii 1750 was used. The data were analyzed using the software program Clearview. The eye tracking data depicting scan paths and hot spot images of areas of highest fixation count suggest that prototypical hypertext structures trigger prototypical gaze patterns, which means that the order in which links and nodes received their first fixation was stable. The average dwell time in the defined areas of interest was lower in the network structure while the axial structure produced fewer regressive eye movements and caused fewer orientation problems. The presentation format did not significantly affect comprehension.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCIES OF SPECTRAL AND KINETIC PROPERTIES OF PBS QD PHOTOLUMINESCENCE

Temperature dependencies of spectral and kinetic photoluminescence properties of PbS QD of different sizes are investigated. We found up to 2 PL components in PbS QDs PL spectra and estimated corresponding temperature coefficients of PL peaks position shift. Obtained temperature coefficients and their size-dependencies differ for these PL components due to the different origin of corresponding electronic states. According to the spectral data, temperature dependence of PL lifetime was explained using the model with two emissive low energy electronic states. These states are coupled with nonradiative transitions of excitons; besides, efficiency of these transitions drastically depends on the temperature, leading to strong variation of PL lifetime with temperature.
dirichletprocess : An R Package for Fitting Complex Bayesian Nonparametric Models

The dirichletprocess package provides software for creating ﬂexible Dirichlet processes objects in R . Users can perform nonparametric Bayesian analysis using Dirichlet processes without the need to program their own inference algorithms. Instead, the user can utilise our pre-built models or specify their own models whilst allowing the dirichletprocess package to handle the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Our Dirichlet process objects can act as building blocks for a variety of statistical models including and not limited to: density estimation, clustering and prior distributions in hierarchical models.
Performance of male crossbred (Saanen x Local) goats fed concentrate diet

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of concentrate feeding on intake and growth rate in goats. A total of 14 non-castrated male crossbred (Saanen x Local) goats of approximate age of 6 months and average initial live weight of 23.5±3.8 kg were used in a completely randomised design. The animals were divided into two treatment groups: control group and concentrate group. Both groups were fed their respective diets ad libitum throughout the experiment. The goats on the concentrate diet were also supplemented daily with 400 g fresh Napier grass variety for each animal. Chemical composition of the diets, intake and growth rate of the goats were evaluated. No differences (p>0.05) were observed in dry matter and organic matter intakes except for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p 0.05) in the growth performance and feed conversion ratio between the control and concentrate groups. There was no significant effect on daily weight gain of the goats fed the concentrate diets, suggesting that corn and soya waste with 400 g fresh Napier grass can support moderate weight gain in Saanen crossbred goats.
Virtual Architecture in a Real-time, Interactive, Augmented Reality Environment - project Anywhere and the potential of Architecture in the age of the Virtual

Virtual reality opens a new world of a great potential for both research and experimentation by allowing new forms of unbuilt sensible architectural space. The paper starts with a sketch of the current context in Virtual Reality and continues by outlining the development and structure of the research “project Anywhere”. The project is an easily deployable, wireless, multi-user, augmented reality app-system that offers full body immersion through body, head and hands tracking. It can host multiple concurrent users, able to move freely in the virtual space, by moving in the real, and also perform actions through a gesture interface to affect their shared environment. Concluding, we describe the inherent properties of such a space, which we propose as a novel spatial medium for architecture, through an example of a potential application.
Session 5 pSC : Flow , Structure , and Acoustic Interactions During Voice Production II 5 pSC 5 . Evaluation of contact pressure in human vocal folds during phonation using high-speed videoendoscopy , electroglottography , and magnetic resonance imaging

Mechanical stresses on the vocal folds surface during high pitch or amplitude phonation have been postulated to cause vocal fold damage. Models for the quantitative estimate of the contact pressure may be valuable for prevention and treatment. The objective of this study was to non-invasively estimate the contact pressure for different phonation types, frequencies and amplitudes in human subjects using concurrent highspeed videoendoscopy and eletroglottography. The edge velocities before and after contact were estimated from the analysis of consecutive digital images. Instantaneous contact areas were determined from electroglottography along with Magnetic resonance image (MRI). The contact pressure was assessed using the impulse momentum form of Newton's second law. Investigations were carried out in quantitative human subjects to compare contact pressures for three different voice types, frequencies and amplitude levels. Contact pressures for breathy, normal and pressed voice were obtained for five subjects. The results were verified through comparisons with values measured directly using a probe microphone. The proposed method appears to be robust and accurate for contact pressure estimation.
The Lengths of Projective Triply-Even Binary Codes

It is shown that there does not exist a projective triply-even binary code of length 59. This settles the last open length for projective triply-even binary codes, which therefore exist precisely for the lengths 15, 16, 30, 31, 32, 45–51, and ≥ 60.
Land-Cover Mapping in Stockholm Using Fusion of ALOS PALSAR and SPOT Data

The objective of this research was to investigate the capabilities for landcover classification using fusion of SAR data from the PALSAR sensor and optical data from the SPOT sensor using a hierarchical approach. The Study area was Stockholm, Sweden. Two dual polarization PALSAR images and one multispectral SPOT HRG image acquired summer 2007 was used. The data was classified in two levels. First the images were separated into four classes (Water, Forest, Urban and Open Area) with an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. In the second step, these classes were refined by a hybrid classifier to Water, Forest, Low Density Built-up, High Density Built-up, Road, Park and Open Field. As some areas in the optical image were covered by clouds, a hierarchical classification using only PALSAR was made. This classification was used to fill in for “information gaps” in the joint classification of SPOT and PALSAR. The result from the hierarchical classifier shows an overall accuracy increase with more than 10% compared to an ordinary ANN-classifier (from 75,4% to 87,6%). The accuracy of all land cover classes increased except for the Low Density Built-up, where the two classifiers had approximately the same result. For testing the capabilities of PALSAR for Land cover classification, two reference classifications using only ANN where created. The comparison of those two land cover maps shows an overall accuracy increases when including PALSAR data compared to only using optical data. Especially the accuracy of the classes Forest and Open Field increased; forest from 87,6% to 94,0% and Open Field from 34,1% to 72,3%. The research shows that PALSAR data to some degree can be used to improve the land cover classification in urban areas, and the hierarchical approach increases the classification accuracy compared to pixel-based classification.