Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The comorbidity of tobacco smoking and gambling: a review of the literature.

ISSUES Evidence suggests that tobacco smoking and gambling frequently co-occur. Although high rates of comorbid smoking and gambling have been documented in studies with clinical populations of pathological gamblers in treatment, in studies using samples drawn from the community, and in large-epidemiological surveys, little empirical attention has been directed towards investigating the exact nature of this relationship. APPROACH In this review, we stress the literature that has examined the epidemiology, aetiology and environmental factors implicated in comorbid smoking and gambling. Publications included in the review were identified through PsycInfo, PubMed and Medline searches. KEY FINDINGS Although conclusive evidence is lacking, a growing body of literature suggests that smoking and gambling might share similar neurobiological, genetic and/or common environmental influences. IMPLICATIONS Comorbid tobacco smoking and gambling are highly prevalent at the event and syndrome levels. However, research investigating how smoking might affect gambling or vice versa is currently lacking. CONCLUSION More studies that examine the impact of this comorbidity on rates of tobacco dependence and problem gambling, as well as implications for treatment outcomes, are needed.
Astrocytes from the brain microenvironment alter migration and morphology of metastatic breast cancer cells

Tumor cell metastasis to the brain involves cell migration through biochemically and physically complex microenvironments at the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The current understanding of tumor cell migration across the BBB is limited. We hypothesize that an interplay between biochemical cues and physical cues at the BBB affects the mechanisms of brain metastasis. We found that astrocyte conditioned medium(ACM) applied directly to tumor cells increased tumor cell velocity, induced elongation, and promoted actin stress fiber organization. Notably, treatment of the extracellular matrix with ACM led to even more significant increases in tumor cell velocity in comparison with ACM treatment of cells directly. Furthermore, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases in ACM reversed ACM’s effect on tumor cells. The effects of ACM on tumor cell morphology and migration also depended on astrocytes’ activation state. Finally, using a microfluidic device, we found that the effects of ACM were abrogated in confinement. Overall, our work demonstrates that astrocyte‐secreted factors alter migration and morphology of metastatic breast tumor cells, and this effect depends on the cells’ mechanical microenvironment. —Shumakovich, M. A. , Mencio, C. P., Siglin, J. S. , Moriarty, R. A. , Geller, H. M. , Stroka, K. M. Astrocytes from the brain microenvironment alter migration and morphology of metastatic breast cancer cells. FASEB J. 31, 5049–5067 (2017). www.fasebj. org
Patient‐specific computational modeling of cortical spreading depression via diffusion tensor imaging

Cortical spreading depression, a depolarization wave originating in the visual cortex and traveling towards the frontal lobe, is commonly accepted as a correlate of migraine visual aura. As of today, little is known about the mechanisms that can trigger or stop such phenomenon. However, the complex and highly individual characteristics of the brain cortex suggest that the geometry might have a significant impact in supporting or contrasting the propagation of cortical spreading depression. Accurate patient‐specific computational models are fundamental to cope with the high variability in cortical geometries among individuals, but also with the conduction anisotropy induced in a given cortex by the complex neuronal organisation in the grey matter. In this paper, we integrate a distributed model for extracellular potassium concentration with patient‐specific diffusivity tensors derived locally from diffusion tensor imaging data.
Planck intermediate results. XXII. Frequency dependence of thermal emission from Galactic dust in intensity and polarization

Planck has mapped the intensity and polarization of the sky at microwave frequencies with unprecedented sensitivity. We use these data to characterize the frequency dependence of dust emission. We make use of the Planck 353 GHz I, Q, and U Stokes maps as dust templates, and cross-correlate them with the Planck and WMAP data at 12 frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz, over circular patches with 10° radius. The cross-correlation analysis is performed for both intensity and polarization data in a consistent manner. The results are corrected for the chance correlation between the templates and the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background. We use a mask that focuses our analysis on the diffuse interstellar medium at intermediate Galactic latitudes. We determine the spectral indices of dust emission in intensity and polarization between 100 and 353 GHz, for each sky patch. Both indices are found to be remarkably constant over the sky. The mean values, 1.59 ± 0.02 for polarization and 1.51 ± 0.01 for intensity, for a mean dust temperature of 19.6 K, are close, but significantly different (3.6σ). We determine the mean spectral energy distribution (SED) of the microwave emission, correlated with the 353 GHz dust templates, by averaging the results of the correlation over all sky patches. We find that the mean SED increases for decreasing frequencies at ν< 60 GHz for both intensity and polarization. The rise of the polarization SED towards low frequencies may be accounted for by a synchrotron component correlated with dust, with no need for any polarization of the anomalous microwave emission. We use a spectral model to separate the synchrotron and dust polarization and to characterize the spectral dependence of the dust polarization fraction. The polarization fraction (p) of the dust emission decreases by (21 ± 6)% from 353 to 70 GHz. We discuss this result within the context of existing dust models. The decrease in p could indicate differences in polarization efficiency among components of interstellar dust (e.g., carbon versus silicate grains). Our observational results provide inputs to quantify and optimize the separation between Galactic and cosmological polarization.
Urinary ascites complicating spina bifida.

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Use of complementary and alternative medicine among women with depression: results of a national survey.

OBJECTIVE This study examined patterns of and reasons for use of complementary and alternative therapies among women with depression, focusing in particular on three popular types of complementary and alternative therapies-manual therapies (for example, chiropractic treatments, massage, and acupressure), herbs, and vitamins. METHODS The multiethnic sample consisted of 220 women with depression who were assessed as part of a nationally representative telephone survey of 3,068 women. RESULTS Fifty-four percent of these women with depression reported past-year use of complementary and alternative medicine. African-American women were less likely to use complementary and alternative therapies in general, compared with non-Hispanic white women. Other factors significantly associated with use of complementary and alternative medicine in general included being employed, being single, and having self-perceived poor health. The relationships between the sociodemographic factors and use of each of the three individually examined types of therapies differed from their relationships with use of complementary and alternative medicine in general. Participants' most commonly cited reasons for use of these therapies were wanting treatments to be based on a "natural approach," wanting treatments to be congruent with their own values and beliefs, and past experiences in which conventional medical therapies had caused unpleasant side effects or had seemed ineffective. CONCLUSIONS It is important for mental health and other health professionals to increase their own awareness of the types of complementary and alternative therapies that their patients may be using and to improve communication with their patients about the benefits and potential risks of these therapies.
Demonstration of a FPGA-based CPRI-over-ethernet real-time system achieving 120 Gb/s throughput over a 10-km SSMF link with 16 bi-directional 10GE connections

We experimentally demonstrate a real-time CPRI-over-Ethemet system for mobile fronthaul using four Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGAs. Error-free transmission over a 10-km SSMF link has been achieved with a total throughput of 120 Gb/s and a round-trip processing latency of <20 μs.
Development of the Knowledge about Memory Loss and Care (KAML-C) test

The purpose of this study was to develop a test to assess the knowledge of family caregivers concerning memory loss, the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and related care issues. A total of 31 multiple-choice items were generated in three domains: medical information, caregiving, and legal/financial planning. The test was administered to experts in the field of dementia research and care, medical students, and family caregivers. Item analysis procedures were then used to reduce the test to 15 items. Results suggest that the Knowledge about Memory Loss and Care (KAML-C) test is a reliable and valid test for examining the knowledge level of family caregivers with a relative in the early stages of dementia.
Mechanisms of Ras membrane organization and signaling: Ras on a rocker

Understanding the signalling function of Ras GTPases has been the focus of much research for over 20 years. Both the catalytic domain and the membrane anchoring C terminal hypervariable region (HVR) of Ras are necessary for its cellular function. However, while the highly conserved catalytic domain has been characterized in atomic detail, the structure of the full-length membrane-bound Ras has remained elusive. Lack of structural knowledge on the full-length protein limited our understanding of Ras signalling. For example, structures of the Ras catalytic domain solved in complex with effectors do not provide a basis for the functional specificity of different Ras isoforms. Recent molecular dynamics simulations in combination with biophysical and cell biological experiments have shown that the HVR and parts of the G domain cofunction with the lipid tails to anchor H-ras to the plasma membrane. In the GTP-bound state, H-ras adopts an orientation that allows read out by Ras effectors and translation into corresponding MAPK signalling. Here we discuss details of an analysis that suggests a novel balance model for Ras functioning. The balance model rationalizes Ras membrane orientation and may help explain isoform specific interactions of Ras with its effectors and modulators.
Spectral–Spatial Feature Learning Using Cluster-Based Group Sparse Coding for Hyperspectral Image Classification

This paper presents a new spectral-spatial feature learning method for hyperspectral image classification, which integrates spectral and spatial information into group sparse coding (GSC) via clusters, each of which is an adaptive spatial partition of pixels. The clusters derived from the segmentation maps by the mean-shift algorithm are regarded as groups in GSC, where pixels within the same group are simultaneously represented by a sparse linear combination of a few common atoms in a given dictionary, thus enforcing spatial smoothness across the pixels in the same segmentation region to learn a spectral-spatial joint sparse representation. Finally, the recovered sparse representation can be viewed as a new feature and used directly for classification (e.g., by support vector machine). In comparison with other spectral-spatial classification techniques that exploit a fixed neighborhood system and force neighboring pixels to share a common sparsity pattern, the proposed method is more flexible and able to obtain adaptive spatial neighborhood correlations for spectral-spatial joint sparse coding. In addition, we also develop kernel GSC (KGSC) by incorporating the kernel trick into GSC to capture nonlinear relationships. The developed KGSC can also be applied to learning kernel sparse representation under the framework of the proposed spectral-spatial method, leading to a new spectral-spatial kernel sparse representation algorithm. Experimental results on three real hyperspectral datasets indicate that the proposed methods improve classification accuracy and provide distinctive classification maps, especially at small regions and boundaries in an image, compared with other similar approaches.
The three species B Adenovirus serotypes 3 , 7 , 11 and 35 share 1 similar binding sites on the membrane cofactor protein CD 46 2 receptor 3

We recently characterized the domains of the human cofactor protein CD46 involved in binding species B2 adenovirus (Ad) serotype 35. Here, the CD46 binding determinants are mapped for the species B1 Ad serotypes 3 and 7 and for the species B2 Ad11. Ad3, 7 and 11 bound and transduced CD46-positive rodent BHK cells at levels similar to Ad35. By using antibody-blocking experiments, hybrid CD46-CD4 receptor constructs and CD46 single point mutants, it is shown that Ad3, 7 and 11 share many of the Ad35-binding features on CD46. Both CD46 short consensus repeat domains SCR I and SCR II were necessary and sufficient for optimal binding and transgene expression, provided that they were positioned at an appropriate distance from the cell membrane. Similar to Ad35, most of the putative binding residues of Ad3, 7 and 11 were located on the same glycan-free, solvent-exposed face of the SCR I or SCR II domains, largely overlapping with the binding surface of the recently solved fiber knob Ad11-SCR I-II three-dimensional structure. Differences between species B1 and B2 Ads were documented with competition experiments based on anti-CD46 antibodies directed against epitopes flanking the putative Ad-binding sites, and with competition experiments based on soluble CD46 protein. It is concluded that the B1 and B2 species of Ad engage CD46 through similar binding surfaces.
Auditory word recognition: extrinsic and intrinsic effects of word frequency.

Two experiments investigated the influence of word frequency in a phoneme identification task. Speech voicing continua were constructed so that one endpoint was a high-frequency word and the other endpoint was a low-frequency word (e.g., best-pest). Experiment 1 demonstrated that ambiguous tokens were labeled such that a high-frequency word was formed (intrinsic frequency effect). Experiment 2 manipulated the frequency composition of the list (extrinsic frequency effect). A high-frequency list bias produced an exaggerated influence of frequency; a low-frequency list bias showed a reverse frequency effect. Reaction time effects were discussed in terms of activation and postaccess decision models of frequency coding. The results support a late use of frequency in auditory word recognition.
Bumpless switching control for switched systems with sensor failures using terminal sliding mode method

This paper investigates the bumpless switching problem of switched systems with sensor failures, for the purpose of getting smooth transitions of the control input. First, two kinds of controllers are taken into account - one is for normal use, and the other is for fault-tolerant control when the system is subjected to sensor failures. Second, bumpless transfer compensator design method is proposed based on terminal sliding mode (TSM) control. By the reasonably designed compensator, the difference between the outputs of controllers can be minimized to a small value, to guarantee the bumpless transfer of control input when the sensor failures have occurred. Finally, numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mapping the dynamics of a giant Ly α halo at z = 4.1 with MUSE: the energetics of a large-scale AGN-driven outflow around a massive, high-redshift galaxy

We present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field unit spectroscopic observations of the ˜150 kpc Lyalpha halo around the z = 4.1 radio galaxy TN J1338-1942. This 9-h observation maps the full two-dimensional kinematics of the Lyalpha emission across the halo, which shows a velocity gradient of Deltav ˜ 700 km s-1 across 150 kpc in projection, and also identified two absorption systems associated with the Lyalpha emission from the radio galaxy. Both absorbers have high covering fractions (˜1) spanning the full ˜150 × 80 kpc2 extent of the halo. The stronger and more blueshifted absorber (Deltav ˜ -1200 km s-1 from the systemic) has dynamics that mirror that of the underlying halo emission and we suggest that this high column material (n(H I) ˜ 1019.4 cm-2), which is also seen in C IV absorption, represents an outflowing shell that has been driven by the active galactic nuclei (AGN) or the star formation within the galaxy. The weaker (n(H I) ˜ 1014 cm-2) and less blueshifted (Deltav ˜ -500 km s-1) absorber most likely represents material in the cavity between the outflowing shell and the Lyalpha halo. We estimate that the mass in the shell must be ˜1010 Ms - a significant fraction of the interstellar medium from a galaxy at z = 4. The large scales of these coherent structures illustrate the potentially powerful influence of AGN feedback on the distribution and energetics of material in their surroundings. Indeed, the discovery of high-velocity (˜1000 km s-1), group-halo-scale (i.e. >150 kpc) and mass-loaded winds in the vicinity of the central radio source is in agreement with the requirements of models that invoke AGN-driven outflows to regulate star formation and black hole growth in massive galaxies.
Omeprazole coupled with two antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori eradication and prevention of ulcer recurrence.

BACKGROUND Numerous therapeutic trials aimed at eradicating Helicobacter pylori (HP) from the gastric mucosa and preventing ulcer recurrence have been carried out; however, an optimal treatment has not yet been established with carefully controlled randomized studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of an association of omeprazole (OM) coupled with two antibiotics in the eradication of HP and prevention of duodenal ulcer (DU) recurrence. METHODS One hundred and eighty three patients with active DU were randomized under double-blind conditions to receive either OM 20 mg for 4 wk plus amoxycillin 3 g daily and metronidazole 1 g daily during the 2nd and 3rd wk (91 patients, group A) or OM 20 mg for 4 wk plus matching placebo (92 patients, group B). Endoscopy was performed before and at the end of the 4-wk treatment as well as 2, 6, and 12 months later. Biopsies were taken from the duodenum, antrum, and gastric body at each endoscopic examination for HP histological detection and for evaluation of inflammatory changes according to the Sydney system. RESULTS After 4 wk, 84/86 patients (98%) of group A and 80/86 (93%) of group B were healed of their ulcers. The percentage of eradication was 90% in group A and 1% in group B. During a 12-month follow-up, DU relapsed in 4/63 (6%, including two of three reinfected cases) HP-eradicated group A patients, 4/8 (50%) HP-noneradicated group A patients, and 52/65 (80%) persistently HP-positive group B patients. Rapid, complete, and persistent suppression of gastroduodenitis activity and gastric surface epithelium lesions was observed in most HP-eradicated group A patients, whereas a transient decrease of bacterial colonization and inflammatory scores in the antrum and a transient worsening of corpus gastritis were found in group B patients. CONCLUSIONS The combined therapy with amoxycillin, metronidazole, and omeprazole is highly effective in both HP eradication and prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Determination of Hydralazine Hydrochloride in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulation

Two analytical methods for the estimation of hydralazine hydrochloride (HLH) in bulk drug and in their tablet formulations are described. The developed methods are based on the formation of blue colored chromogen due to the reaction of hydralazine hydrochloride with Folin Ciocalteu reagent in presence of alkali, which exhibits λ at 640 nm (Method A). The Method B is based on reduction of ferric ions to ferrous ions max in presence of drug produces greenish blue colored complex measured at 720 nm against reagent blank. The color was stable for more than 12 hrs for method A and 4 hrs for method B respectively. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 and 0.2-1.8 µg /ml for method A and Method B, respectively. All the variables were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 1.754 X 10 and 0.964 X 10 lit. mol cm for Method A and Method B, respectively. The proposed methods 4 4 1 1 were successfully applied to the determination of HLH in formulations. Good recoveries were obtained and the results were statistically compared with those of a literature method showed good agreement and indicated no significance difference in precision. (The accuracy and validity of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery experiments via standard addition method). No interference was observed in the presence of common pharmaceutical excipients.The proposed methods does not require any extraction or heating.
A single Saccharomyces cerevisiae upstream activation site (UAS1) has two distinct regions essential for its activity

Several site-directed mutagenesis regimens were used to generate single- and multiple-base substitutions in the upstream activation site UAS1 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 gene. Mutations resulting in large reductions in activity of the site lie in two distinct regions. Six single-base changes in a region A, between -288 and -285, all resulted in a 15-fold reduction in activity. Synthetic sites built up solely of multimers of the -289 to -285 sequence ACCGA behaved as carbon catabolite-sensitive UASs. In addition, substitution mutations in a second region, at nucleotides -266 and -265, virtually eliminated UAS1 activity. These mutations abolished the binding of a heme-dependent protein factor in vitro. Thus, UAS1 contains two essential regions both of which are required for its activity.