Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of DF/DHF Vector, Aedes Mosquito, with Insecticides

Aedesaegypti, the principalvector of DF/DHF,mainlybreeds in householdwater jars. The breedingsites are definiteand,thus,the larvicidingwill becomethe most effective measuresas well as source reduction. However,the followingfacts make it difficult. 1) Water in the jars is used and refilled. The replenishment of water leads to dilution of larvicides. 2) Many small breeding sites are overlooked,such as water at the bottom of householdplant pots. To solvethese problems,two newlarval controlmethodswere examined. The first was the slow release formulation containing the insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, which highlyinhibitedadult emergenceof mosquitoes. The formulationkept concentrationenough to inhibit adult emergence,evenafter replacingwater in the container. The secondwas the utilization of blood-fedfemalesas a vehicle of pyriproxyfento small larval habitats. When the black-color adult restingtraps treated withpyriproxyfenwere kept inside a house,it was confirmedthat the mosquitoescontactedwithpyriproxyfenand carried it to small containers with water. Permethrin-incorporatedbednet was introducedas a tool for preventingof further virus dispersionfrom patients by mosquitobitings. Momentarycontact of the femaleswith the netting resulted in high mortality. However,early diagnosismethod of patients will be essential. For a self-protection,inhibitory effect of a mosquitocoil on host-seekingbehav- iour of Aedesaegyptiwas demonstrated.
Local adaptation and range boundary formation in response to complex environmental gradients across the geographical range of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana

Theory predicts that lack of heritable trait variation and/or maladaptive gene flow can promote the formation of species geographical range boundaries even in the absence of barriers to dispersal. Little is known, however, about the patterns and drivers of differentiation across species' ranges and whether they influence boundary formation in the field. Using field measurements, two common garden studies, and QST–FST analyses, we examined environmental and genetic influences on plant phenotype across the geographical range of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. This annual plant endemic to California has an eastern range border that lacks obvious physical barriers to dispersal. We find that across opposing environmental gradients that span the species core range, populations are likely to be locally adapted. Populations are phenotypically differentiated from each other in the field as well as common gardens. Traits are correlated with field environmental variables in both settings, and QST–FST comparisons indicate variation in flowering time, degree of branching, and herkogamy may be adaptive. The strength and direction of environment‐trait correlations at the range edge are similar to the range centre, and quantitative genetic variation is not reduced. Genetic correlations between traits are generally weak, also suggesting little constraint on trait evolution at the range edge. Synthesis. For traits measured here, it is unlikely that either low heritable variation at the range edge or maladaptive gene flow strongly inhibits eastward range expansion. Our results suggest that across environmentally complex landscapes, patterns of diversity generated by locally adaptive selection do not necessarily contribute broadly to the formation of range boundaries as predicted.
Dietary effect of squid and fish meals on growth and survival of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the presence or absence of phytoplankton in an indoor tank system

This study was conducted in 36 indoor 40-L fibreglass aquaria to determine the weight gain and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei fed different dietary levels of fish (FM) and squid meal (SM) and to evaluate the potential of phytoplankton to reduce FM and SM levels in shrimp feeds. Six experimental isonitrogenous (35% protein) and isocaloric (17.5 kJ g−1) diets were formulated to contain either 5%, 10% or 20% SM combined with either 6.5% or 12% FM. Dietary effects on growth and survival were compared in two systems: a ‘CLEAR water system’ (CWS) without the presence of microalgae and a ‘GREEN water system’ (GWS) with microalgae in the culture water. Shrimp cultured in the GWS had 28–57% greater weight gain than those cultured in the CWS, regardless of dietary treatment. However, survival was not different. Shrimp cultured in the CWS or the GWS, and fed diets containing combinations of FM and SM did not show differences in weight gain and feed conversion ratio. These results suggest that under the conditions existing during this research, 6.5% FM and 5% SM can be used as a cost-effective combination in commercial feeds for shrimp production and that growth can be enhanced in the presence of primary productivity.
Morphology and Leaflet Anatomy of the Ceratozamia norstogii (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) Species Complex in Mexico with Comments on Relationships and Speciation

Premise of research. Many Ceratozamia species are closely related and form species complexes with great similarity among the component taxa, especially in juvenile stages. This, coupled with character loss in herbarium specimens, has resulted in debate regarding recognition and validation of the species. This study, focused on the four species comprising the Ceratozamia norstogii species complex from a morphological and leaflet anatomy viewpoint, was undertaken to clarify relationships among the four taxa in the complex. Methodology. For morphological variation, 29 individuals from one population of each of the four species was sampled for nine vegetative and six reproductive variables. For leaflet anatomical variation, leaflets were taken from five adult plants of each species held under cultivation for >5 yr under uniform conditions. Cross sections of leaflets and cuticular peels were obtained using standard plant histological techniques and examined under bright-field light microscopy. Cross sections of leaflet anatomy and cuticular features are described. Both morphological and anatomical variables were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods taking habitat information into account, especially elevation. Pivotal results. Consistency between anatomical and morphological data among the species was found. The multivariate spacing for the four species showed no overlap. Conclusions. The four taxa comprise distinct species. Effects of ecological gradients, especially distinct differences in elevation between the populations rather than geographical distances, appear to explain the morphological and leaflet anatomical differences found between the species, which supports a scenario for an ecological speciation process in the C. norstogii complex.
Molecular Mechanism Of The Allosteric Coupling For Ca(2+) Activation Of The Voltage- And Ca(2+)-Activated K(+) (Bk) Channels

Crosstalk between structural domains is critical to protein functions. In ion channels, gating in the pore domain is regulated by voltageand ligand-sensing domains. While structural studies have suggested possible conformational changes that are correlated with gating, the causality of conformational changes to gating needs to be established. Here we show that gating of the voltageand Ca-activated K (BK) channel is correlated with a change in the distance between the cytosolic and membrane-spanning domains, and these two processes are energetically coupled. A disulfide bond, which is formed between the two domains, can be formed only when the channel is closed, suggesting a distance change between the two domains during channel gating. An engineered electrostatic interaction between the two domains alters this distance and results in changed open probability of the gate. These results suggest that voltage and Ca binding cause a relative movement between the cytosolic and membrane-spanning domains to open the BK channel.
Nonapoptotic cell death associated with S-phase arrest of prostate cancer cells via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2

Deoxy-D 12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is a highly specific activator of the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor g (PPAR-g). We investigated the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on three human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3. Western blotting demonstrated that PPAR-g1 is expressed predominantly in untreated prostate cancer cells. Treatment with 15d-PGJ2 caused an increase in the expression of PPAR-g2, whereas PPAR-g1 remained at basal levels. PPARs a and b were not detected in these cells. Lack of lipid accumulation, increase in CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs), or expression of aP2 mRNA indicated that adipocytic differentiation is not induced in these cells by 15d- PGJ2. 15d-PGJ2 and other PPAR-g activators induced cell death in all three cell lines at concentrations as low as 2.5 mM (similar to the Kd of PPAR-g for this ligand), coinciding with an accumulation of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Activators for PPAR-a and b did not induce cell death. Staining with trypan blue and propidium iodide suggested that, although the plasma membrane appears intact by electron microscopy, disturbances are evident as early as 2 h after treatment. Mitochondrial transmembrane potentials are significantly reduced by 15d-PGJ2 treatment. In addition, treatment with 15d-PGJ2 resulted in cytoplasmic changes, which are indicative of type 2 (autophagic), nonapoptotic programmed cell death.
Interprétation anatomique des composantes d'un modèle mixte de densité du bois chez le Chêne sessile (Quercus petraea Liebl.) : âge du cerne compté depuis la moelle, largeur de cerne, arbre, variabilité interannuelle et duraminisation

Trente Chenes sessiles (Quercus petraea Liebl.) ont fait l'objet de mesures anatomiques en utilisant une methode originale basee sur l'analyse d'image semi-automatique de cliches radiographiques d'echantillons de bois de 2 mm d'epaisseur. Ces 30 Chenes etaient proches de l'exploitation finale du peuplement; ils avaient ete echantillonnes en France dans des conditions variees (regions, sylvicultures, classes de fertilite) Pour le niveau de hauteur 1.30 m - celui des mesures anatomiques -- un modele mixte de densite du bois avait ete prealablement etabli sur une population de 82 arbres incluant les 30 arbres de l'echantillonnage etudies dans l'article. L'etablissement de ce modele avait permis d'evaluer la contribution a la variation totale des effets « âge du cerne compte depuis la moelle », « largeur de cerne » et « arbre » et avait permis de relever un effet tres significatif de la duraminisation sur la densite du bois Quatre cernes ont ete mesures pour chaque arbre suivant un plan experimental permettant d'etudier l'influence de chacun des 4 effets ci-dessus mentionnes (plus celui des variations interannuelles quantifiees par la variation residuelle du modele de denturee les autres effets etant fixes. Dix-sept caracteristiques anatomiques ont ete prises en compte la texture du cerne, les densites et proportions des tissus representes dans le bois initial (4 tissus) et dans le bois final (3 tissus), le diametre moyen et le nombre a l'unite de surface des gros vaisseaux du bois initial. Des tests t en series apparies (effets « âge du cerne », « largeur du cerne », «duraminisation» et variations interannuelles) et des analyses de correlation (effet « arbre ») ont permis d'evaluer les changements intervenant dans la structure anatomique des cernes lorsque l'on fait evoluer la densite du bois en intervenant sur chacun des 5 effets pris en compte independamment des 4 autres.
Promoter Deletion and Comparative Expression Analysis of the Mirabilis mosaic caulimovirus (MMV) Sub-genomic Transcript (Sgt) Promoter in Transgenic Plants

35 A sub-genomic transcript (Sgt) promoter was isolated from a genomic clone of the Mirabilis mosaic virus (MMV), a double-stranded DNA plant pararetrovirus belonging to the Caulimoviridae family. The MMV Sgt promoter fragment (genomic co-ordinates 4830 to 5840) was mapped by 5′-3′-deletion analysis to define the boundaries required for maximal promoter expression. Expression patterns of promoter fragments coupled to GUS reporter gene were evaluated both in protoplast transient expression experiments and in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN plants. A 333 bp MMV Sgt promoter fragment (sequence –306 to +27 from the transcription start site, TSS) was found sufficient for strong promoter activity in protoplast transient expression experiments. The transcription start site (TSS) of the MMV Sgt promoter was determined by primer extension analysis using total RNA isolated from transgenic plants containing a MMV Sgt promoter:uidA fusion gene. In seedlings, the level of GUS expression was in the order of leaf ≥ root >stem. Histochemical GUS-staining of seedlings showed highest GUS activity in root tips, leaf midribs, veins and vascular tissues. The MMV Sgt promoter fragment is a strong constitutive promoter, with strength comparable to that of the MMV full-length transcript (FLt) promoter. MMV Sgt promoter also demonstrated much greater activity, 8-fold more compared to the CaMV 19S promoter and 2-fold stronger than the CaMV 35S promoter.
Pre-optimisation of the cancer patient

For patients requiring oncological surgery, there is often a limited time between the decision to proceed with surgery and the operation itself. This requires a timely and holistic approach in the preoperative period to enable the cancer patient to be in the most optimal condition possible, which in turn is associated with improved treatment effectiveness and survival rates. Cancer patients having surgery are becoming increasingly ‘high risk’ due to an ageing population, the presence of medical co-morbidities and the effects of neoadjuvant treatment including chemotherapy. Prehabilitation is a multimodal approach focusing on four key domains including: promoting exercise; addressing malnutrition; providing psychological support and optimising medical co-morbidities. Pre-optimisation is advocated as part of the approach to perioperative medicine where there is a multidisciplinary approach to managing patients before, during and after surgery. There is growing evidence that these interventions can improve patient outcomes including complication rate but also with regards to reducing length of hospital stay and associated
Dismantling the Transgender Brain

In this paper, I analyze in detail a neuroscientific research paper that investigates the structural connectome of transmen and transwomen in relation to cismen and ciswomen. Situated within the frame of Feminist Science Studies and from an outsider-within perspective, my analysis meets three objectives. First, it provides an understanding of the research presented in the paper: what is the research question, which methods are they using, which paradigms do they follow? Second, it problematizes the findings of the research paper and the interpretation thereof by focusing on different conceptualizations of sex/gender within neuroscience; the limits of neuroimaging technologies and the privileging of particular lines of interpretations. Finally, it reflects upon the challenges of this exercise by asking about the role of ignorance and learning in interdisciplinary work; the impact of epistemic hierarchies and the political and ethical dimensions of the research paper. My conclusion is that the lack of engagement of the neuroscientists with perspectives from gender studies and with the voices of trans people constitutes a severe neglect of the social and political responsibility of researchers and reinforces the oppression of the trans community.
Design and Analysis of Dual Band Circular Slotted Patch Antenna at 2.45GHZ and 5.8GHZ for RFID Applications

— In this project patch antenna has been used for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. Due to the advancement in the field of wireless communications day by day, RFID is the most attractive technology being used as an identification technology and is far better than other sources of identification and tracking i.e. Bar code technology. Different frequency bands are assigned for RFID antenna. But in this project work has been made in Microwave band ranging from (2.400-2.483) GHz and (5.7250-5.8750) GHz due to a number of applications and due to the higher transfer rate. In order to design slotted dual band patch for RFID 2.45GHz and 5.800 Ghz applications, a 1.58 mm thicker RT/duroid-5880 is selected for substrate material having a relative permittivity and loss tangent of Ɛ r =2.2 and δ =0.0009 respectively. To achieve dual band response different techniques can be adopted. First a conventional patch for 2.45GHz has been designed and then with the help of slotting techniques another frequency band was achieved that was radiating at 5.8 GHz. The dual band frequency of the antenna has been achieved by introducing the slot in the upper most layer patch with coaxial feed. The gain, efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna at (2.45 and 5.80) GHz are {6.661 dB, 89 %, 36 MHz} and {6.661 dB, 97 % and 341MHz}, respectively. Th e antenna can be potentially use for RFID and WLAN applications. All the simulations are carried out using CST MWS. The prototype has been fabricated to validate the results .
The moderating effects of three types of relational distance in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment

By suggesting relational distance between supervisor and subordinate, this study examines the boundary condition of the impact of transformational leadership and organizational commitment in Korea. The results from 241 Korean employees show that transformational leadership is positively related to organizational commitment. Further, this relationship were moderated by three types of relational distance (i.e., demographic distance, structural distance, and affective distance) between supervisor and subordinate. Specifically, when structural distance was larger and affective distance was closer, the positive relationships of transformational leadership and organizational commitment were stronger.
Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria in the Waters of the River Drwęca

In 2004-05 counts of the bacteria proteolytic, ammonifying, aOB and nOB, nO 3 -n to nO 2 -n reducing, denitrifying, and atmospheric nitrogen fixing ( Azotobacter sp. and Clostridium pasteurianum) were analyzed
Data-sparsity Service Discovery using Enriched Neural Topic Model and Attentional Bi-LSTM

—In recent years, the amount of Web services has increased dramatically, and service discovery aiming to help users identify appropriate services matching their requirements thus becomes increasingly important. Many studies based on machine learning techniques have been reported to improve the performance of service discovery. A major obstacle in Web service discovery is the data sparsity in service descriptions. Towards this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel approach based on enriched neural topic model (NTM) and attentional Bi-LSTM. To alleviate the data sparsity issue, we enrich the semantics of each word in service descriptions and queries using external knowledge sources like Wikipedia and combine NTM and the attention mechanism to minimize the noise brought in the enrichment process. Experiments conducted on a real-world dataset show that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
El Nino events, precipitation patterns, and rodent outbreaks are statistically associated in semiarid Chile

In the last two decades, several researchers have noted rodent population outbreaks in semiarid South America, in association with unusually high precipitation that seemingly concurs with El Nifio events. To date, no studies have been conducted to determine the statistical relationships between ENSO (El Nifio Southern Oscillation) events, increased precipitation, and rodent irruptions. Here we show that: 1) there is a statistical association between ENSO events and increased precipitation in the semiarid region of northern Chile; 2) the occurrence of rodent outbreaks in that region is statistically related with the precipitation levels of the same year; 3) the multi-annual patterns of the total annual precipitation levels and population abundance of those rodents during the summer are positively associated. The putative chain of effects seems to start with unusually high rainfall brought by ENSO to semiarid environments, which thus respond with increased primary productivity
Identification of novel mechanistically distinct endotypes of pandemic influenza-associated acute respiratory failure

Respiratory viral pandemics result in large numbers of cases of acute respiratory failure arising from a single etiology, thus reducing the heterogeneity of precepting insult and allowing improved insight into the variation of host responses. In 2009-2011, an influenza pandemic occurred, with pH1N1 infecting millions of people worldwide. Here, we have used novel bioinformatic methods to combine clinical, protein biomarker, and genomic data from patients with influenza-associated acute respiratory failure to identify three mechanistically discrete sub-types with significantly different clinical outcomes. The three endotypes identified can be described as neutrophil-driven (16.3%), adaptive (51.9%), and endothelial leak (31.7%). The neutrophil driven patients display evidence of innate immune activation with associated multi-organ dysfunction and reduced 30-day survival. These patients could be differentiated from the adaptive endotype by an alteration in the GAIT-mechanism, a late transcriptional regulatory response to IFN-gamma; that acts to suppress innate immunity by reducing caeruloplasmin mRNA translation. Patients with the neutrophil-driven endotype had significantly increased IFN-gamma; levels but appeared unable to suppress their innate immune response. The endothelial leak endotype could be distinguished from both the neutrophil driven and adaptive endotypes by alterations in Slit-Robo signalling, a pathway important in the maintenance of endothelial barrier integrity; Although patients with this endotype required mechanical ventilation, they did not develop multi-organ failure in the manner of the neutrophil-driven endotype patients, and had significantly better clinical outcomes. Importantly, the endotypes identified were stable over 48 hours opening up the possibility of stratified interventional clinical trials in the future.
“Trained immunity” from Mycobacterium spp. exposure or BCG vaccination and COVID-19 outcomes

Protective variables for COVID-19 are unknown. 'Trained immunity' of the populace as a result of BCG policy implementation and coverage had been suggested to be one of the factors responsible for the differential impact of COVID-19 on different countries. Several trials are underway to evaluate the potential protective role of BCG vaccination in COVID-19. However, the lack of clarity on the use of appropriate controls concerning 'trained immunity' has been a cause of concern leading to more confusion as exemplified by a recently concluded trial in Israel that failed to find any correlation. Whereas, when we analyze the COVID-19 data of European countries without any mandatory BCG vaccination policy but with similar age distribution, comparable confounding variables, and the stage of the pandemic, the prevalence of Mycobacterium spp. (including BCG vaccine) exposure of the populations is consistently negatively correlated with COVID-19 infections per million population at all the time points evaluated [r(20): -0.5511 to -0.6338; p-value: 0.0118 to 0.0027]. The results indicate that the on-going and future studies evaluating the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 outcomes should consider the inclusion of 'controls' for underlying 'trained immunity' prevalence or that resulting from the intervention (BCG vaccine) in such trials to arrive at more dependable conclusions.