Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An exploration of the differences in hip strength, gluteus medius activity, and trunk, pelvis, and lower-limb biomechanics during different functional tasks

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to explore differences in the coronal biomechanics of the trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee joints, and gluteus medius muscle activity (GMed) during walking and step down from two riser heights. Joint kinematics and kinetics from 20 healthy participants were recorded using a 10-camera Qualisys system and force plates, and GMed EMG was recorded using a Delsys Trigno system. Hip abductor strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Pelvic obliquity and lateral trunk bending excursions were significantly higher in walking than in step-down tasks. Significantly greater knee adduction moments were seen during both step-down tasks compared to level walking with significantly greater GMed activity. However, a significant interaction between side and task was seen for hip adduction moment, with step-down tasks showing lower hip moments than during walking, with greater peak hip moments being more apparent in the dominant limb. This suggests the GMed has a greater stabilizing role during the step-down tasks, although walking required a greater mechanical demand. Health professionals should expect to find less excursion of lateral trunk bending in step-down tasks compared to level walking and consider that GMed has different roles in these two tasks.
Palaeoecology of Ediacaran communities from the Flinders Ranges of South Australia

1 Declaration . 4 Acknowledgements . 5 Chapter 1: Introduction . 7 1.1 Contextual statement . 8 1.2 Background and review of relevent literature . 10 1.2. 1 Ediacaran fossils of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia . 11 The Ediacaran fossil Parvancorina . 15 Preservation . 17 Palaeoecological analyses . 21 1.3 References . 24 Chapter 2: How diverse were early animal communities? an example from Ediacara Conservation Park, Flinders Ranges, South Australia . 33 Chapter 3: Evidence of sensory-driven behavior in the Ediacaran organism Parvancorina: implications and autecological interpretations . 51 Chapter 4: Morphological plasticity in the Ediacaran fossil organism Parvancorina suggests a single species . 63 4.1 Abstract. 66 4.2 Introduction . 67 4.3 Geological setting . 69 4.4 Materials and methods . 72 4.4.1 Digitisation and shape analysis . 72 4.4.2 Spatial and orientation analyses . 74 4.5 Previous systematic descriptions of Parvancorina species . 74 4.6 Results. 76 4.6.1 Two ‘morphotypes’ . 76 4.6.2 Parvancorina demonstrate ontogenetic development . 78 4.6.3 Population structure . 80 4.6.4 Burial current . 81 4.6.5 Comparison with other Australian specimens and with Russian material . 83 4.5.6 Parvancorina was a low-lying organism . 85 4.7 Discussion . 85 4.8 Conclusion . 92 4.9 Acknowledgements . 93 4.10 References . 93 4.11 Supplementary figures . 97 Chapter 5: A new fossil bilaterian from the Ediacaran of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia . 99 5.1 Abstract. 101 5.2 Introduction . 102 5.3 Geological setting . 103 5.4 Materials and methods . 106 5.5 Systematic palaeontology . 107 5.6 Results. 111 5.7 Phylogenetic considerations . 115 5.8 Conclusion . 119 5.9 Acknowledgements . 119 5.10 References . 120 Chapter 6: Rules of ecological community assembly unchanged for over half a billion years . 125 6.1 Abstract. 128 6.2 Introduction . 129 6.3 Geological setting . 131 6.4 Materials and methods . 133 6.4.1 Data collection . 133 6.4.2 Analysis . 135 6.5 Results. 136 6.6 Discussion and conclusion . 138 6.7 Acknowledgements . 142 6.8 References . 142 6.9 Supplementary Information . 146 Chapter 7: . 147 7.1 Summary, implications and future work . 148 7.2 Conclusion . 154 7.3 References . 155
A Step Toward Workplace Obesity Prevention: Evaluation of Weight Management Program for Hospital-based Health Care Providers

Background: Obesity is a global problem. Healthy workplace and personal lifestyle behavior are crucial for obesity prevention. A workplace weight management program could create a culture of health and facilitate weight control among health care providers. The study aims to describe and evaluate the health outcomes of the interaction of professional work and organizational infrastructure. Method: The hospital-based weight management program was an 8-week pilot randomized controlled trial for obese health care providers. The primary outcomes were body weight and body mass index. The secondary outcomes were serum fasting glucose, fasting cholesterol, triglyceride, highdensity and low-density lipoprotein, body fat percentage, and body mass. The RE-AIM framework was used to examine the intervention’s Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance at individual and organizational level. Results: The program was successful in reaching the target population. Health care providers demonstrated shortterm weight loss and decrease in serum fasting cholesterol level after completing the program. The excellent retention rate (89%) of the study suggested that the participants were well engaged in self-weight management. The program was implemented with adequate resource and support from the health organization. The organization may consider to continue the program in view of the long term benefits of the health care providers Conclusion: Supportive organizational structure and culture not only enhance professional practice but also improve the health outcomes of the participants in hospital-based weight management program
Prediction of plywood deformation under the impact of windborne debris using Taguchi method

Windstorms and tornados can cause severe damages to different structure types regardless the materials they have been made of. These damages are caused both by the extreme wind velocity and any flying debris within the wind field. Windborne debris is classified based on shape and aerodynamical properties into three types: compact, rod, and plate-like debris. According to both American and Australian Standards, the performance of any structural element is to be tested under the impact of rod-like debris. Plywood is used globally to create both structural and non-structural elements such as doors and window shutters, and thus, in this study, a numerical simulation of rod-like debris was conducted using LS-DYNA to study the effect of debris impact velocity on the deformation of a plywood plate. In this way, the effect of the plate thickness and modulus of elasticity on the deformation were also investigated. Taguchi Method was adopted to make the simulation more robust and reduce the required computational time and costs. The results showed that as the debris impact velocity increased, both the deformation of the plywood plate at penetration and the residual kinetic energy of the debris increased. However, for the same plate thickness and debris impact velocity, as the modulus of elasticity increased, the deformation of the plate at the point of penetration decreased.
Of blind alleys and things that have worked: history’s lessons on reducing maternal mortality.

As a matter of fact the patterns of maternal mortality were very different during the 1870-1937 period in industrialised countries such as USA England and Wales or Sweden. This chapter analyses the conditions under which the industrialised world has reduced maternal mortality over the last hundred years. Preconditions appear to have been early awareness of the magnitude of the problem recognition that most maternal deaths are avoidable and mobilisation both of professionals and of the community. Still there have been considerable differences in the timing and speed of reduction of maternal mortality in different countries. These were related to the way professionalisation of delivery care was determined first by the willingness of the decision makers to take up their responsibility; second by the strategy adopted for making modern obstetrical care available to the population (and particularly by encouragement or dissuasion of midwifery care); and third by the extent to which professionals were held accountable for addressing maternal health in an effective way. Where preconditions have been met and professionalisation of obstetric care has been adopted in developing countries the same pattern of reduction of maternal mortality was observed be the country still poor (Sri Lanka) or wealthier (Malaysia Thailand). (authors)
A survey on key technologies of privacy leakage detection for Android platform

With the rapid advancement of the mobile internet, smartphones have been the essential tools for communication and entertainment. In recent years, Android, developing quickly, has been the largest mobile operating system in the world. However, due to mass private data generated by Android intelligent devices, privacy disclosure is a serious problem in security for the Android platform. Based on the relevant background, this thesis indicates the problems of privacy protection that the Android platform faces, summarizes the detecting techniques for privacy disclosure on the Android platform at the present stage, and introduces the research status and progress with the aim of offering a reference for relevant practitioners and researchers.
CRISPR-Cas9 in agriculture: Approaches, applications, future perspectives, and associated challenges

Abstract The discovery of an adaptive immune system especially in archae and bacteria, CRISPR/Cas has revolutionized the field of agriculture and served as a potential gene editing tool, producing great excitement to the molecular scientists for the improved genetic manipulations. CRISPR/Cas9 is a RNA guided endonuclease which is popular among its predecessors ZFN and TALEN’s. The utilities of CRISPR from its predecessors is the use of short RNA fragments to locate target and breaking the double strands which avoids the need of protein engineering, thus allowing time efficiency measure for gene editing. It is a simple, flexible and highly efficient programmable DNA cleavage system that can be modified for widespread applications like knocking out the genes, controlling transcription, modifying epigenomes, controlling genome-wide screens, modifying genes for disease and stress tolerance and imaging chromosomes. However, gene cargo delivery system, off target cutting and issues on the safety of living organisms imposes major challenge to this system. Several attempts have been done to rectify these challenges; using sgRNA design software, cas9 nickases and other mutants. Thus, further addressing these challenges may open the avenue for CRISPR/cas9 for addressing the agriculture related problems.
Temporal self‐appraisal in depression and anxiety: A comparison between a clinical and non‐clinical sample

Abstract Objective Temporal self‐appraisal theory proposes people perceive themselves as improving over time as a means of self‐enhancement. The current longitudinal study examined patterns of temporal self‐appraisal in individuals meeting criteria for a depressive and/or an anxiety disorder compared with healthy controls. Method Thirty‐four participants who met criteria for a depressive and/or anxiety disorder and 109 healthy controls were asked to appraise themselves as they currently were and how they expected to be in 4-weeks' time. Four weeks later, 20 participants who met criteria for a depressive and/or anxiety disorder and 62 healthy controls appraised themselves as they currently were and how they were 4-weeks ago (58 and 56% retention, respectively). Results Similar to healthy controls, participants with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder perceived the self on an upward trajectory over time. This occurred in the absence of actual improvement, reflecting self‐enhancing motives. Participants with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder had lower overall self‐appraisals. Conclusions This highlights the need for therapy to target self‐appraisals in anxiety and depression. Patterns of temporal self‐appraisal may have a protective function in depression and anxiety that could be maximised in treatment.
The numerical solution of Fisher equation: A nonstandard finite difference in conjunction with Richtmyer formula

A nonstandard finite-difference (NSFD) scheme for Fisher’s Equation by using Richtmyer’s (3, 1, 1) implicit formula has been presented, in this work. On nonstandard finite-difference scheme, two special cases of Richtmyer formula have been applied. The suitable functions in the denominator fraction of our NSFD scheme have been replaced to guarantee the highly accurate of the approximation. Furthermore, the analyses of stability, convergence, consistency for the NSFD method, have been provided. By calculating the absolute error, the comparison of these methods has been presented in some Examples and the results have shown that the error of our NSFD scheme is lower than the others. Finally, a comparison of these methods and the differential quadrature method (DQM) to solve the Fisher’s Equation reveals that these techniques work better and give highly accurate results.
Postoperative Lung Injury- The path from Initiation to Clinical Diagnosis: a molecular view on a complex pathophysiological process

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Freight rates in downside and upside markets: pricing of own and spillover risks from other shipping segments

Shipping freight rates are notoriously volatile and shipping investors are perceived to be risk loving. The paper explores the stochastic properties of freight rates in the shipping industry and derives the analytical equations for their moments in downside and upside markets by using a two‐piece extension of the generalized error distribution. Pricing equations developed across shipping segments show how conditional risk and conditional skewness are priced along with their risk spillover effects. Results reveal the existence of a positive skewness premium, suggesting that shipping investors are willing to accept lower expected returns for the opportunity to earn high pay‐offs in the future.
Systemic and local TGF-Ã1 concentration in patients with aseptic loosening of hip prostheses

Background: The bone quality may have an influence on prostheses survival. TGF-s1 is one of the most important factors that determine regeneration and adaptive capacity of the bone. We hypothesized that the patients with failed hip implant without osteolysis may have an altered TGF- profile in comparison to the patients with prostheses loosening who develop osteolysis due to the wear of polyethylene or the patients with stable prosthesis. Material and methods: To assess the hypothesis four patient populations were studied: patients who had a hip revision surgery for failed uncemented implants without osteolysis (group A, n=32), patients who had a hip revision surgery for osteolysis around the failed cemented implant (group B, n=49), patients who have been using a well functioning total hip prostheses for a minimum of 10 years (group K1, n=27) and patients with hip osteoarthritis (group K2, n=25). Peripheral blood and periprosthetic fluid samples were collected to measure TGF-s1 concentration. Results: The mean local TGF-s1 concentration in periprosthetic synovial fluid was significantly lower than in the serum in both groups of patients (A and B) with failed prostheses (p<0,001). The mean systemic serum concentration of TGF-s1 was significantly lower in the patients with mechanical prosthesis failure without osteolysis (group A) in comparison to the patients with failed prostheses due to osteolysis (p<0,005), to the patients with stable implants (p< 0,001) and to the patients with hip osteoarthritis (p<0,015). Conclusion: The low systemic and local TGF-s1 concentration may contribute to the loosening of total uncemented hip prostheses with no substantial wear or osteolysis.
Height, weight and the number of erupted permanent teeth among 6-16 years old children in Sulaimani City

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of gender, weight, and height on number of permanent teeth emerged among 6-16 years age group children in Sulaimani city. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among randomly selected primary school in Sulaimani city including an oral clinical examination, and weight and height measurements. All measurements were carried out following standardized guidelines. Missing teeth due to extraction were counted as erupted and other cases were excluded from the study if missing of teeth were not approved to be due to tooth extraction. Results: A total of 1125 children aged 6-16 years were recruited for the study. The overall mean age of the children was 10.7 ± 2.8 years (boys, 10.6 ± 2.6; girls, 10.9 ± 3.0). Females showed higher number of erupted teeth than males by an average of about 1.4 teeth/ child and the total number of erupted teeth was 18.2 teeth/ child in the total sample. Partial correlation coefficient of total numbers of erupted teeth was positively significant with weight in both males and females and was significant with height among females only. The partial correlation results of the eruption (presence) of individual teeth with height and weight were mixed as; all incisor teeth showed no significant relation, but the teeth number 17, 15, 13, and 47 showed positive significant correlation with height and weight. Conclusions: The mean total number of erupted teeth per child increased with age and the mean total number of erupted teeth was higher in females than males. The influence of weight on the number of erupted teeth was obvious among both males and females, while the height of the child showed a significant influence on the number of erupted teeth only among females. Furthermore, the influences of height and weight on the eruption of individual teeth were inconclusive.
Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Trichomonosis

Abstract Trichomonosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of trichomonosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of trichomonosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to trichomonosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, trichomonosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in sections 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for trichomonosis according to Article 8(3) criteria is cattle as susceptible and reservoir.
Spontaneous inertia‐gravity wave emission from a nonlinear critical layer in the stratosphere

Using a nonlinear global primitive equation model, spontaneous inertia‐gravity wave (IGW) emission is investigated in an idealized representation of the stratospheric polar night. It is shown that IGWs are spontaneously emitted in the interior of the fluid in a jet exit region that develops around a nonlinear Rossby wave critical layer. Two key ingredients for the generation are identified: the presence of a Rossby wave guide on the polar night jet; and a zero wind line on the jet flank that gives rise to nonlinear Rossby wave breaking and strong distortion of the flow. The emission of IGWs appears here as a quasi‐steady process that begins at a well‐defined time when the flow deformation becomes large enough. Part of the emitted IGWs undergoes wave capture by the cat's‐eye flow in a Rossby wave critical layer. Another part – in the form of a well‐defined IGW packet – escapes the wave capture limit, and propagates away into the far field. The propagating wave packet is numerically well‐converged to increases in both vertical and horizontal resolution and thus provides an ideal test bed for understanding IGW emission and informing non‐orographic gravity wave drag parametrization design.
Healthy dietary patterns, lipids and inflammation in human randomized controlled trials

Healthy dietary patterns have been subject of considerable attention in recent years. A healthyNordic diet may improve cardiovascular risk factors and thereby prevent cardiovascular diseases. In order to reduce plasma cholesterol and disease risk, one central aspect of the healthy Nordic diet is the combination of reduced dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, although the effect of dietary fat quality on plasma cholesterol concentration is well established, the effects and mechanisms of whole diets on plasma lipids and inflammation are less examined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of healthy dietary patterns on lipids and inflammation with special focus on fat quality in populations with cardiometabolic risk. Two randomized controlled dietary intervention studies were included in this thesis. In an eight-week double-blinded study, healthy adults aged 25-70 years with moderate hypercholesterolemia were assigned to an experimental diet or a control diet. The experimental diet group received commercially available food items in which saturated fat was replaced by vegetable sunflower and rapeseed oil. The control diet group received similar commercial food items with a higher content of saturated fat and lower content of polyunsaturated fat. In an 18-24 week, Nordic multi-center study, subjects between 30-65 years with features of metabolic syndrome were assigned to follow a healthy Nordic diet or an isocaloric control diet. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and at the end of the study. Exchanging food products with improved fat quality reduced totaland LDLcholesterol by 9% and 11%, respectively, and increased the serum levels of bile acid, but we did not detect an effect on circulating inflammatory markers.