Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling of tungsten impurity edge transport and screening for different divertor conditions in EAST

Tungsten (W) transport and screening in the edge plasma are investigated for EAST high dissipative divertor conditions. By combining the 1D impurity fluid model (1DImpFM) and the two-point model formatting (2PMF), W screening is proved to be enhanced for high upstream plasma density conditions, mainly because the impurity temperature gradient velocity decreases with the increase of the upstream plasma density. Based on dedicated EAST density ramp-up experiments, 2D simulations of W erosion and transport are carried out for different levels of dissipative divertor conditions by using the SOLPS-DIVIMP code package, and the modeling results are benchmarked with the 1DImpFM analytic model. The prompt-redeposition, the divertor screening, and the main SOL screening are quantitatively analyzed. For detached divertor conditions, the increase in the W ionization length reduces the prompt redeposition rate, but both the divertor screening and SOL screening are reinforced. The 1DImpFM can interpret well the W leakage in the near separatrix region; however, the 2D simulations suggest that the impurity pressure gradient force which is neglected by the 1DImpFM plays an important role, especially in the far-SOL region. With the divertor condition varied from the high-recycling regime to the deep detachment regime, the W source moves from the near strike point region to the far SOL, and thus makes the W transport in the far SOL more important. Therefore, the impurity pressure gradient force cannot be neglected for edge W transport analysis, especially for the detached divertor conditions.
Validity of Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Asessment Instruments

This study aims to produce an instrument for assessing mathematical critical thinking skills on material derived from algebraic functions that have been tested for validity. The form of research carried out is research and development and the development model used is a 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The research location is at SMAN 1 Tembilahan Hulu in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The object of research is an instrument for assessing mathematical critical thinking skills in class XI class derivatives of algebraic functions. The data collection instrument used an instrument validation sheet. Data analysis shows that the results of the validation of the mathematical critical thinking ability assessment instrument obtained an average value of the Aiken index of 0.811 with a very valid category and content validity with an average of 0.723 with a valid category. In terms of discriminating power, there are 2 questions with poor discriminating power and 6 questions that can be used to measure the level of students' mathematical critical thinking skills. So, it can be concluded that the development of an instrument for assessing mathematical critical thinking skills is to produce an instrument that has been tested for validity.
Cortical auditory potentials and cognitive potentials in individuals with and without vestibular dysfunction [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: Among individuals with vestibular dysfunction, the loss of vestibular sensory information is found to alter cognitive abilities that coordinate spatial and non-spatial information. P300 is an event-related potential commonly used to assess cognitive processing. The aim of the present study was to compare the latency and amplitude of cortical auditory evoked potential and P300 between individuals with vestibular dysfunction and individuals with no vestibular dysfunction. Methods: Forty adults with a mean age of 40.5 ± 13.07 participated in the study. Group I included 20 adults diagnosed with vestibular dysfunction and group II included 20 age-matched adults with no vestibular dysfunction. The P300 was recorded from the electrode site Cz and Pz. It was elicited using pure-tones in odd-ball paradigm. The latency and amplitude of peaks P1, N1, P2, and N2 of the cortical auditory evoked potential and the P300 were measured. Results: Significant amplitude difference was observed in cortical potentials at Cz and Pz. The P300 was present only in 70% of individuals with vestibular dysfunction compared to 100% among individuals with no vestibular dysfunction. The mean amplitude of the P300 was slightly larger 12 The subcomponents for P300, P3a is generated from the frontal working memory which helps in early attention whereas P3b is attention-driven stimulus generated from the temporal and parietal structures. 6 The P300 amplitude response mainly depends on stimulus probability, stimulus significance, task effort, motivation and attentiveness. 13 P300 amplitude is directly related to the amount of attention paid to perform a particular task associated with superior memory performance. 14 P300 latency reflects stimulus processing time in contrast to response processing time, which corresponds to stimulus evaluation time and is independent of the response section.
Extraction of Polyphenols and Valorization of Fibers from Istrian-Grown Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate fruit is an ancient fruit that is used not only because of its deep-red color and tasty arils but also due to the health benefits of its extracts. Pomegranate is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, including colorful anthocyanins and other polyphenols. The main objective of the present study was to gain comprehensive knowledge of the phenolic composition and antioxidative activity of a new pomegranate cultivar, grown in Northwest Istria, a part of the North Adriatic coastal area. Various parts of the pomegranate fruit parts were extracted in 70% ethanol or water. Total phenolic content and antioxidative capacity were respectively determined with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and ABTS radical. Phenolics were examined and analyzed with TLC, LC-MS, and HPLC. Pomegranate juice was prepared from red arils and after thermal treatment, the stability of anthocyanins was monitored for several months to understand the effect of storage. The highest total phenolics were determined in ethanol pomegranate peel extracts (30.5 ± 0.6 mg GAE/g DM), and water peel extracts exhibited the highest antioxidative activity (128 ± 2 µg TE/g DM). After five months of storage of thermally treated pomegranate juice, 50–60 percentage points increase in anthocyanin degradation was observed. Pomegranate peel was further tested as a sustainable inedible food source for papermaking. Due to the low content of cellulose and the high percentage of extractives, as well as a distinguished texture and appearance, the paper made from pomegranate peel is best suited for the production of specialty papers, making it particularly interesting for bioactives recovery, followed by material restructuring.
Recreation and Alcohol Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Addressing Gender and Age Differences in Urban Areas—Praia, Cabo Verde

Background: Reducing alcohol consumption and improving urban planning in African cities are public health priorities. The aim of this study was to explore gender and age differences in recreational activity participation and its link with self-reported alcohol consumption in three urban areas of Praia. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to a probabilistic sample of 1912 adults, with a median age of 35.0 (IQR: 26.0–48.8) years, living in informal, transition, and formal areas of the capital of Cabo Verde. Results: More than 80% of the participants reported rarely or never participating in recreational activities. Going daily or weekly to the café was the most reported recreational activity, regardless of the urban area. Participation in recreational activities was higher in men than women, decreasing with age in both cases. Alcohol consumption was significantly higher in men than women (72.4% versus 47.4%, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression models showed that going at least once to the bar/nightclub (for men and women) and going to the café (for women) were associated with alcohol consumption. Furthermore, age (for women), in a protective way, and having children (for men) appeared to be associated with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: This study provides new data on the recreational environment in Praia and can contribute to the development of local and national public health policies and interventions in line with several SDGs to reduce alcohol consumption, enhance healthy leisure/recreation practices, and promote better living conditions for its inhabitants.
Expertise in Motherhood: A Grounded Theory Study on Motherhood During Middle Childhood

The transition to motherhood is a developmental stage in which a woman's identity reveals its transformation into her maternal identity. Motherhood goes through certain stages based on the child's age. Motherhood during middle childhood differs from other periods in terms of experiences, meanings, practices, and the child's needs (Barnard & Solchany, 2002). The current study focuses on exploring mothers’ personal experiences of motherhood through a grounded theory framework in order to conceptualize motherhood in middle childhood. The sample was consisting of 22 mothers of children. As a result, the concept of expertise in motherhood (EIM) was obtained, which explains the maternal experiences of mothers with children in middle childhood. EIM is explained through six themes: EIM, pre-motherhood, motherhood enhancers, expertise in child-rearing, child-centered communication, and the transformative power of motherhood. The research results are discussed in light of the relevant literature on motherhood, maternal self-concept, and maternal role development.
GRAIN REFINEMENT EFFECT ON FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH DEFORMATION INDUCED MARTENSITE FORMATION

Fatigue properties of metastable austenitic 301LN steel with coarse and ultrafine-grained microstructures were investigated at ambient temperature and the effect of grain refinement was evaluated. Two different microstructural states of material were introduced by different annealing conditions during special thermomechanical treatment. Fatigue life curves were obtained and compared for both coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained states of austenitic stainless steel. Magnetic measurements before, during and after cyclic loading were performed to reveal structural changes, i.e. formation of deformation-induced martensite. Relationship between microstructure refinement, phase composition and fatigue properties was discussed.
Characterization and Expression Analysis of Regeneration-Associated Protein (Aj-Orpin) during Intestinal Regeneration in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Apostichopus japonicus achieves intestinal regeneration in a short period after evisceration, and multiple genes are involved in this process. The transcriptome of A. japonicus was screened for regeneration-associated protein (Aj-Orpin), a gene that is specifically upregulated during intestinal regeneration. The expression and function of Aj-Orpin were identified and investigated in this study. The 5′ and 3′ RACE polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to clone the full-length cDNA of Aj-Orpin. The open reading frame codes for a 164 amino-acid protein with an EF-hand_7 domain and overlapping signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Moreover, Aj-Orpin mRNA and protein expression during intestinal regeneration was investigated using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. The expression pattern of Aj-Orpin in the regenerating intestine was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that Aj-Orpin is an exocrine protein with two EF-hand-like calcium-binding domains. Expression levels were higher in the regenerating intestine than in the normal intestine, but protein expression changes lagged behind mRNA expression changes. Aj-Orpin was found to play a role in the formation of blastema and lumen. It was primarily expressed in the serosal layer and submucosa, suggesting that it might be involved in proliferation. These observations lay the foundation for understanding the role of Orpin-like in echinoderm intestinal regeneration.
Method of Fitting PDFs for the Monte Carlo Solutions of the Evolution Equations in QCD

We present a framework for fitting the parton density functions obtained from the Monte Carlo solutions of the QCD evolution equations of various types to the F2 data. To speed up the fitting it is enough to perform the Monte Carlo simulation only once. The actual parton density functions as functions of the fitting parameters are then reconstructed by fast one-dimensional numerical integration. Such a tool is necessary in order to determine initial values for parton density functions in case of non-DGLAP Monte Carlo evolutions.
Simulation Study: The Impact of Structural Variations on the Characteristics of a Buried-Channel-Array Transistor (BCAT) in DRAM

As the physical dimensions of cell transistors in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) have been aggressively scaled down, buried-channel-array transistors (BCATs) have been adopted in industry to suppress short channel effects and to achieve a better performance. In very aggressively scaled-down BCATs, the impact of structural variations on the electrical characteristics can be more significant than expected. Using a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool, the structural variations in BCAT (e.g., the aspect ratio of the BCAT recess-to-gate length, BCAT depth, junction depth, fin width, and fin fillet radius) were simulated to enable a quantitative understanding of its impact on the device characteristics, such as the input/output characteristics, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, on-/off-current ratio, and drain-induced barrier lowering. This work paves the road for the design of a variation-robust BCAT.
Study on the Practice of Enterprise Financial Management System under the Epidemic Norm Based on Artificial Neural Network

The sudden arrival of the new crown epidemic has had a significant and long-lasting impact on the division's economic environment as well as the production and operation activities of businesses. As far as the financial management is concerned, opportunities and difficulties are faced by enterprises of all types. With reference to the available research data, enterprises have an important contribution to GDP and jobs, but they still face a series of difficulties and challenges in their development in the context of the normalization of the epidemic. By analyzing the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on the financial management work of enterprises, this paper proposes an artificial neural network-based enterprise financial forecasting and early warning method to provide an effective method for enterprise financial management. For the time-series characteristics of enterprise finances, a prediction model based on long- and short-term memory networks is developed which acknowledges the necessity of combining the temporal dimension with the spatial dimension for forecasting. This model incorporates time qualities into the data to the existing forecasting model. It also considers both working and nonworking day data and thoroughly considers the factors influencing corporate finance. Then, using BP neural network for financial risk prediction, nonfinancial index factors should be added to the financial early warning model thus eliminating the limitations of the financial early warning model. At the same time, the accuracy of the prediction can be improved which is more suitable for enterprises to apply in practice. The experimental results demonstrate that the financial prediction model built by multilayer feed forward neural networks and recurrent neural networks based on error back propagation training is inferior to the prediction model built by long- and short-term memory network. Regardless of the degree of fitting or prediction accuracy, the BP neural network model outperforms the conventional model for enterprise financial warning. Under the normalization of the pandemic, the combined use of both can offer an efficient technique for enterprise management.
An Approach for Investigating Sexual Maturity in Wild Boar Males: Testosterone and 17β-Estradiol Analysis

Simple Summary Wild boar numbers have increased constantly over the last three decades, as have their related conflicts with modern society. For this reason, wild boars have become a frequent topic of discussion. This article describes and explains the concentrations of the two main sexual steroids, testosterone and estradiol, as well as our effort to define threshold levels to recognize the sexual maturation of wild boar males and differentiate between immature and adult boars. With the help of additional analyses on spermatozoa and morphological data, it was shown that prepubertal boars at 8 months of age could be clearly differentiated from postpubertal boars, showing significantly lower concentrations of hormones. Wild boar males older than 11 months of age, in contrast, presented hormonal values like adults. Before the completion of their first year, wild boars are physiologically able to reproduce and may take part in reproduction. The high hormonal concentrations at the end of the breeding season suggest that the mating period could last longer than usually supposed, shifting farrowing into the summer. Abstract Analyses of sexual steroid hormones in wild boars are rarely described. Testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations are useful to recognize sexual maturation. As threshold values for this species are unknown, additional parameters are required. A total of 127 blood samples from wild boar males were collected to measure T and E2. Age and weight were recorded. Thirty-one epididymides were sampled too. Males were sorted into pre-and postpubertal groups based on the absence/presence of spermatozoa in epididymides and on morphological data following previous results. Forty-four males were prepubertal: the mean age and weight were 10 months and 23 kg, respectively. They showed no spermatozoa. The mean concentrations of T and E2 were 1.2 ± 1.2 ng/mL and 39.7 ± 120.3 pg/mL, respectively. Sixty-six males were postpubertal, twenty-nine of which presented spermatozoa. Their mean concentration of T was 7.6 ± 6.3 ng/mL and E2 was 664.3 ± 250.4 pg/mL. Seventeen samples could not be defined; the hormone concentrations between the two groups suggested a transitional phase consistent with puberty. Wild boars before 12 months of age had high hormone levels like older boars, indicating that they could attempt to reproduce. Hormones at the end of the mating season (January) were high so that reproduction could occur thereafter, shifting farrowing from spring to summer.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa MA Menggunakan Metode Think Aloud Protocol (TAP)

Abstract: This study aims to find out the misconceptions experienced by students during the learning process using think aloud protocol (TAP) and physics multiple choice tests (TPGF) on hydrostatic pressure materials. This research design uses mixed method design with embedded experimental design. Quantitative data is obtained through N-gain calculations that show a high category with a score of 0.7. This indicates that there is a significant change in the mastery of the student's hydrostatic pressure concept after learning activities. Qualitative data analysis based on the results of the think aloud protocol also shows how students experience misconceptions by pouring their thoughts into the analysis of problems using image illustrations. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa pada saat proses pembelajaran menggunakan think aloud protocol (TAP) dan tes pilihan ganda fisika (TPGF) pada materi tekanan hidrostatis. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method design dengan desain embedded experimental design. Data kuantitatif deiperoleh melalui perhitungan N-gain yang menunjukkan kategori tinggi dengan skor 0.7. Hal ini menandakan bahwa ada perubahan penguasaan konsep tekanan hidrostatis siswa secara signifikan setelah kegiatan pembelajaran. Analisis data secara kualitatif berdasarkan hasil think aloud protocol juga menunjukkan bagaimana siswa mengalami miskonsepsi dengan cara menuangkan pemikirannya pada analisis soal menggunakan ilustrasi gambar.
Investigating the relative contribution of anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas and land use and land cover change to Asian climate: A dynamical downscaling study

Human activity have caused significant increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration and land use and land cover change (LULCC), which can in turn affect regional and global climate. We investigate the relative contributions of increased GHG concentration and LULCC to the precipitation and surface air temperature (SAT) in Asia through three dynamical downscaling simulations with different land cover maps and GHG concentrations. The results suggest that the increased GHG concentration leads to an increase (decrease) in precipitation over East Asia and Southeast Asia (South Asia) in spring and winter. Over Southeast Asia and the Bay of Bengal, LULCC induced a significant decrease in precipitation in autumn and winter, and the change is greater than that induced by GHG. Moreover, the enhanced GHG concentration generally leads to a decrease in dry days or light rain days and an increase in heavy rain days over the land area. However, LULCC‐induced changes in extreme precipitation are generally weak. The increased GHG concentration induces a significant increase of 1–3°C in the SAT throughout the year. LULCC plays a more important role than the increased GHG concentration in modulating the SAT over South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia throughout the year. The increased GHG concentration and LULCC cause a broader range of changes in the daily temperature frequency. The anomalous warm event of 8–10°C increases by 1–1.5 days per season in the middle latitude regions in boreal spring due to the increased GHG concentration. LULCC also leads to an increase in high‐temperature events except central Asia.
Ultrawideband beam summation algorithms for focusing near curved interfaces

Two ultrawideband Gaussian beam summation (UWB‐GBS) algorithms are presented and then explored in the context of calculating UWB focusing by curved interfaces. The favorable features of the basic algorithm are: (1) The same lattice of beams is used for all frequencies, and (2) it utilizes isodiffracting Gaussian beams with frequency‐independent propagation parameters, which also yield stable and localized expansion coefficients for all frequencies. We then present a modified multiband algorithm that is more efficient if the signal bandwidth is larger than one octave. Here the signal bandwidth is divided into a self‐consistent hierarchy of one‐octave subbands such that the beam sets at the lower‐frequency bands are decimated subsets of those at the highest band, so that only the set of GBs at the highest band needs to be traced, while for the lower bands one may use properly decimated subsets. The numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness, the localization, and the uniformity of the UWB‐GBS representation in the focal zone. Concluding remarks contain comparisons between the proposed method and Kirchhoff aperture‐based alternatives.