Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILISER PROTOTYPES WITH THE TRICHODERMA ON THE SANITARY AND ENZYMATIC CONDITIONS OF SOIL AND THE YIELD OF SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA L.)

A two-year study was conducted to find how mineral and organic fertilisation and Trichoderma sp. strains influenced the total count of molds, including Fusarium, Alternaria and Trichoderma genera, the biological index of fertility (BIF) and the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Eleven variants were used in a field experiment conducted on lessivѐ soil: a control sample, mineral fertilisation, organic fertilisation with manure and eight variants with tomato or onion waste composts. Some of them were inoculated with Trichoderma atroviride (T1) and/or T. harzianum (T2 and T3) isolates. The addition of manure resulted in the greatest increase in the total count of moulds in the soil. The highest BIF value was noted in the soil enriched with tomato compost and inoculated with both T1 and T2 strains. The count of Fusarium sp. was reduced the most in the soil fertilised with onion compost with the addition of T1 and T3 isolates. The greatest decrease in the count of Alternaria sp. was observed in the soil fertilised with compost inoculated with the T1 strain. The onion compost inoculated with Trichoderma T1 and T3 resulted in the highest yield of spinach, which was comparable to the one obtained after mineral fertilisation.
Nest height is affected by lamppost lighting proximity in addition to nestbox size in urban great tits

Both natural and artificial light have proximate influences on many aspects of avian biology, physiology and behaviour. To date artificial light at night is mostly considered as being a nuisance disrupting for instance sleep and reproduction of diurnal species. Here, we investigate if lamppost night lighting affects cavity-nesting bird species inside their breeding cavity. Nest height in secondary cavity-nesting species is the result of trade-offs between several selective forces. Predation is the prevailing force leading birds to build thin nests to increase the distance towards the entrance hole. A thin nest may also limit artificial light exposure at night. Yet, a minimum level of daylight inside nesting cavities is necessary for adequate visual communication and/or offspring development. Against this background, we hypothesised that avian nest-building behaviour varies in response to a change in night lighting. We monitored nest height of urban great tits Parus major during six years and found that it varied with artificial light proximity. The birds built thinner nests inside nestboxes of various sizes in response to increasing lamppost night light availability at the nest. In large nestboxes, the nests were also thinner when a lamppost was present in the territory. Whether this relationship between artificial night lighting and nest height reflects a positive or negative effect of urbanisation is discussed in the light of recent experimental studies conducted in rural populations by other research groups.
treesiftr: An R package and server for viewing phylogenetic trees and data

treesiftr is a Shiny (Chang, Cheng, Allaire, Xie, & McPherson, 2018) application for visualizing the relationship between phylogenetic trees and the underlying data used to estimate them. It can also be used in RStudio (RStudio Team, 2015) or at the command line as an R package (R Core Team, 2013). treesiftr works by subsetting a phylogenetic matrix according to user-provided input about which characters to visualize. A maximum parsimony tree is then estimated from each data subset. Maximum parsimony was chosen for speed and analytical simplicity. Under the parsimony optimality criterion, the preferred tree is the one that suggests the fewest evolutionary steps, or character changes over evolutionary history. The tree is scored under both parsimony and Lewis’ Mk model (Lewis, 2001), a maximum likelihood model for estimating phylogeny from discrete character data. The data and tree are then visualized using ggtree (Yu, Smith, Zhu, Guan, & Lam, 2017), based upon the ggplot2 (Wickham, 2016) package. Expected outputs are the same whether the learner is interacting via the GUI or the RStudio interface; however, the RStudio interface does have additional options not available in the GUI.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Reactive Power Sources in Active Distribution Networks: A Model Predictive Control Approach

Reactive power sources have the potential for active distribution network (ADN) loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. However, the effective operation of reactive power sources depends upon their proper placement and sizing. To address this issue, this paper presents an optimal reactive power source allocation strategy in ADN. The salient feature of this strategy is that, by incorporating the ADN control scheme into the allocation process, it achieves the optimal allocation in a dynamic context. Specifically, smart transformer is considered as a particular realization of reactive power source, and the allocation problem is formulated as linear programming, which aims to minimize the investment cost of smart transformers. Meanwhile, the ADN control scheme is designed via model predictive control (MPC), with objectives of voltage regulation and loss reduction. Subsequently, the MPC formulation is embedded into the allocation problem, thus forming an integrated optimization problem, which links the control domain with the planning domain. By using the generalized Benders decomposition, this integrated problem is decomposed into a master problem and a set of subproblems, which can be solved alternately and iteratively. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
A Wide Range Unidirectional Isolated DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

A low-cost unidirectional dc/dc converter with galvanic isolation for fuel cell electric vehicles is presented in this article. To satisfy the requirements of the fuel cell stack and powertrain system of heavy-duty vehicles, three operation modes: boost, buck-boost, and buck, are proposed. To achieve ZVS operation for low voltage side switching devices, a novel platform current control mechanism is introduced. With the help of the platform current controller, the zero-voltage-switching operation is independent of the input/output voltage ratio. Meanwhile, the near zero-current-switching can be achieved for low voltage side switches under boost mode. The steady-state analyses and small-signal models for both input and platform currents under boost mode are provided. The prototype unit is built, and the corresponding experiments are presented.
Structural Colour from Optical Phenomena Caused by Interference with a Thin or Multilayer Film, Photonic Nanocrystals, Light Scattering and Diffraction Grating Effect

The paper presents the Ion Plating Plasma Assisted technology that is applied in the area of surface functionalization with the purpose of preserving the structural colour and relics. The interferometric structural colours applied on titanium surfaces were used and tested together with nano-transparent and at the same time achromatic films on the very old ceramic artifact. In order to test the surface restoration, some titanium metal and ceramic supports were used: Firstly, an additive with a metallic beam constructed from titanium parts was used, but also an old tile from the 19th century, having the characteristic of a strong chromatic valence and of a mixed porous and glazed surface. In the experiment, a reactive device with ionic plate spray magnetron was used, capable of operating in Argon or Oxygen environments, for the purpose of depositing TiO2 and SiO2. First, several tests were performed using two plasma treatments in order to define the optimal methods for processing. By depositing TiO2 nano-film on irregular Ti surfaces it was possible to regenerate the light direction based on the surfaces that change its colour and the transparent achromatic quality coatings could be obtained with the help of SiO2 coating. Important in these procedures is the high flexibility of ion plating technology processing. It has been established after several attempts that the treatment of IPO SiO2 surfaces is better and therefore preferable in the case of restoration and preservation of ancient historical plates when the optimized procedure with Ion Beam Electron Microscopy, performed on the porous structure of the plates, was used for final testing, which confirmed the increased flexibility and efficiency of the innovative IPPA technology
Desarrollo morfológico temprano de esclerocios por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en presencia de bicarbonato de potasio

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum es un patóge­no de suma importancia económica que causa gran­des pérdidas en varios cultivos. Controlar este pa­tógeno es difícil porque forma estructuras de resis­tencia llamadas esclerocios que pueden mantenerse viables en el suelo por muchos años. Este estudio evaluó el desarrollo morfológico de los primordios de esclerocios de S. sclerotiorum utilizando la téc­nica de Riddell, y diferentes concentraciones de bicarbonato de potasio (KHCO3). La formación de los primordios de los esclerocios inició a partir de hifas; sin embargo, conforme las concentraciones de KHCO3 incrementaron, se observaron cambios morfológicos en la fase de iniciación de los escle­rocios, así como en la inhibición de su desarrollo al utilizar una concentración de 50 mM de KHCO3. Este compuesto químico modifica la morfología e inhibe el desarrollo de esclerocios en su fase inicial y, por tanto, podría utilizarse como alternativa a los fungicidas sintéticos para controlar enfermedades de plantas causadas por S. sclerotiorum.
Impacts of previous crops on inoculum of Fusarium culmorum in soil, and development of foot and root rot of durum wheat in Tunisia

Copyright: © 2020 E. Khemir, S. Chekali, A. Moretti, M.S. Gharbi, M.B. Allagui, S. Gargouri. This is an open access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http:// www.fupress.com/pm) and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Effect of the climatic environment on ingestive behavior of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of five different genetic groups of F1 Holstein x Zebu (HxZ) cows during lactation during the summer. The evaluated groups were: Holstein x Gir, Holstein x Nelogir, Holstein x Guzonel, Holstein x Nelore and x Indubrasil. The experiment it occurred place during the summer in the Farm of Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, located in FelixlândiaMG. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 5 x 4, five crossings and four periods of observation, with ten repetitions was used. The measurements of climate variables were made using dataloggers and calculated the black globe temperature and humidity index. There was the percentage of animals grazing, rumination, urination, defecation, water intake and salt intake during the day and at night every 30 minutes. The F1 animals used did not affect the grazing behavior due to high BGT values. There was a higher frequency of rumination and idle period in the morning, showing a natural behavior of cattle. Defecation was higher during the day, coinciding with the period of greater movement of animals. Water consumption was greater in the postmilking and the salt consumption in the afternoon. There was a positive statistical correlation between BGT and grazing, and negative correlation between BGT and leisure. Thus, the F1 animals grazing behavior has not changed because of the high BGT values, explaining the adaptability and resilience of five genetic groups, being a viable option for warm climate regions.
Complete plastome sequence of Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae): a vulnerable (VU) plant species in Southeast Asia

Abstract Vatica mangachapoi is a tree up to 20 m tall with white resinous. It is distributed in China (Hainan province), Indonesia, Malaysia (N Borneo), Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. It grows in forests on hills and mountain slopes below 700 metres. Its durable wood is used for making boats and building bridges and houses. It has been ranked as a VU (Vulnerable) species in China. Here we report and characterize the complete plastid genome sequence of V. mangachapoi in an effort to provide genomic resources useful for promoting its conservation and phylogenetic research. The complete plastome is 151,538 bp in length and contains the typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two Inverted Repeat (IR) regions of 23,921 bp, a Large Single-Copy (LSC) region of 83,587 bp and a Small Single-Copy (SSC) region of 20,109 bp. The plastome contains 114 genes, consisting of 80 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene, and 4 unique rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of V. mangachapoi is 62.80%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that V. mangachapoi and V. odorata is closely related and as an independent branch in Malvales in our study. The complete plastome sequence of V. mangachapoi will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species and for the phylogenetic studies for Vatica.
Stock markets and exchange rate behaviour of the BRICS

Relying on the Uncovered Equity Parity, we examine whether stock returns contain useful information that can be exploited to improve the forecast accuracy of exchange rate movements of the BRICS using a long range of data sample. Thus, we formulate a predictive model that links exchange rate movements to stock return differential between the domestic market and the foreign (US) market. We also test for any probable asymmetric relationship between the two variables while also accounting for the role of observed common (global) factor such as oil price. We find a positive relationship between stock return differential and exchange rate return for three of the BRICS countries namely Brazil, India and South Africa, thus validating the UEP hypothesis while a contrasting evidence is observed for China as well as Russia (after accounting for â€œasymmetryâ€ effectâ€ ). Our in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts validate the significance of the predictive content of stock returns for exchange rate movements of the BRICS while accounting for the role of observed common (global) factor and asymmetry may further improve the forecast accuracy. Our results have implications for portfolio diversification and foreign exchange management.
From Dichotomy to an Integrated Approach: Cities’ Benefits of Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

Cities are facing impacts of climate change and encountering risks such as extreme weather events, while cities are also aiming to contribute to their mitigation goals by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the differences in characteristics of climate change mitigation and adaptation have shown the possible reasons for a dichotomy in climate policy. This has motivated us to further look into whether cities could integrate their actions in climate change mitigation and adaptation in their planning and how they achieve benefits to overcome the dichotomy. To answer our research question, we have developed an analysis framework built on the endogenous risk theory to analyse how cities overcome the different characteristics to integrate their climate strategies and obtain benefits. The theory of endogenous risk involves seeing both climate change mitigation and adaptation as risk reduction strategies because both of them aim to reduce climate risks and can be carried out by actors who perceive such risks. Therefore, the actors will be more willing to integrate and implement both mitigation and adaptation policy. Our results show that mitigation and adaptation in cities are interlinked and that benefits of an integrated climate change policy exist. A list of entry points how cities overcome the dichotomy are also identified. Our research outcomes also provide a list of benefits identified by the cities in their integrated climate strategies and we call for more public disclosed data for future research and policy assessments.
The complete chloroplast genome of Fagus crenata (subgenus Fagus) and comparison with F. engleriana (subgenus Engleriana)

This study reports the whole chloroplast genome of Fagus crenata (subgenus Fagus), a foundation tree species of Japanese temperate forests. The genome has a total of 158,227 bp containing 111 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNA genes and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Comparison with the only other published Fagus chloroplast genome, F. engeleriana (subgenus Engleriana) shows that the genomes are relatively conserved with no inversions or rearrangements observed while the proportion of nucleotide sites differing between the two species was equal to 0.0018. The six most variable regions were, in increasing order of variability, psbK-psbI, trnG-psbfM, rpl32, trnV, ndhI-ndh and ndhD-psaC. These highly variable chloroplast regions in addition to 160 chloroplast microsatellites identified (of which 46 were variable between the two species) will provide useful genetic resources for studies of the inter- and intra-specific genetic structure and diversity of this important northern hemisphere tree genus.
Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated from vaccinated flocks in Serbia and their comparison with the isolated strains from neighboring countries

The aim of this study was to isolate, genetically characterize and determine phylogenetic relationship of strains detected in Serbia in comparison to other strains. A total of 480 samples collected from 13 different commercial layer flocks, obtained from tracheal swabs were included. Samples taken from 2016 to 2017 were molecularly analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, multiplex nested RT-PCR, and by sequencing of the S1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial S1 sequences revealed that six strains were classified as the D274 genotype, two strains as the QX genotype and two strains as the 4/91 genotype. The difference in nucleotide similarity between the Serbian isolates belonging to the D274 group ranges from 0 to 1.2%. Comparison of the obtained strains and D274 (X15832) showed differences from 0 to 0.9%. The greatest nucleotide similarity of detected QX strains was with Chinese QXIBV (KC795604), ranging from 98.8% to 99.1%. Two Serbian strains belonging to the 4/91 genotype had 99.7% and 98.8% nucleotide similarities with vaccine strain 4/91 (KF377577). This study has shown that viruses belonging to D274, QX, and 4/91 genotypes were circulating in poultry flocks in Serbia during 2016 and 2017.
A Deeply Fused Detection Algorithm Based on Steepest Descent and Non-Stationary Richardson Iteration for Massive MIMO Systems

Recently, various iterative methods are investigated to achieve linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection accuracy for uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This letter introduces the non-stationary Richardson (NSR) iteration to achieve fast convergence rate, and reduces its complexity with approximate eigenvalues in massive MIMO system. However, when the system scale grows and channel correlation is considered, the performance of NSR method decays obviously. To improve the robustness, this letter further proposes a deeply fused SDNSR algorithm, which effectively overcomes the weakness of NSR method by fully utilizing the information obtained through the steepest descent (SD) method and NSR method. Moreover, the complexity is significantly reduced by adopting matrix-vector multiplication and reusing intermediate results. Simulation results and complexity analysis exhibit that the SDNSR method achieves superior performance with lower complexity compared to the recently reported works.
Study on Clinical Profile And Risk Factors of Cerebrovascular Accident With Special Reference to CT Scan Findings of Brain

T Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India. The objective was to study the clinical profile, risk factors and type of stroke as per CT scan findings in patients with stroke. Methods: 50 cases of cerebrovascular accident confirmed after CT scan of brain over a period of 18 months (January 2018 to June 2019) were analysed. Results: The incidence of stroke was maximum in 61-80 years of age group. The average average±SD was 58.68±16.73 in our study. 31(62%) patients had ischemic stroke and 17(34%) patients had intracerebral hemorrhage and 2(4%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage. The male to female ratio was 1.38:1. Hypertension (58%) was the most common risk factor. Conclusions: In developing countries like India, there is a huge burden of stroke with significant morbidity and mortality. We will be extremely benefited if we assess the condition and prognosis of stroke patients by clinical parameters, risk factors stratification, CT scan of brain and electrocardiographic changes.
Influence of Prosopis Juliflora wood flour in Poly Lactic Acid – Developing a novel Bio-Wood Plastic Composite

*sachinsraj1991@gmail.com Obstract A Bio composite comprising Prosopis Juliflora Fiber (PJF) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) was processed considering two particulate sized reinforcements, coarse PJF (avg. 15 µm) and fine PJF (10-50 nm). They were added individually at ratios of 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt% into PLA matrix. The composites were extruded and tested for mechanical properties. The addition of PJF resulted with an increase in the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of the polymer. Adding PJF to PLA showed a decrease in the hardness of the polymer. Water Absorption test showed an increase in water uptake with increasing fiber content. The most optimum ratio of PLA to PJF was found to be 80:20. The fine PJF reinforced composites proved to be superior over the coarse PJF reinforced composites at all stages of the research. FESEM and TGA were used to study morphology and thermal characteristics