Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relative host status of rock elephant shrews Elephantulus myurus and Namaqua rock mice Aethomys namaquensis for economically important ticks

Several tick species of medical and veterinary importance occur in the southern Orange Free State. The purpose of the present study was to determine the host status of rock elephant shrews ( Elephantulus myurus) and Namaqua rock mice ( Aethomys namaquensis) for these ticks. Infestation levels were used as a criterion. The seasonal abundances of the ticks as well as the effects of landscape topography and sex of the host on infestation levels were also investigated. Incidental observations were made on the pouched mouse (Saccostomys campestris). No adult ticks were recovered from any of these small mammals. Seven tick species were found on the elephant shrews of which only Ixodes rubicundus and Rhipicephalus punctatus occurred in high numbers on a large proportion of the animals. Both these ticks cause paralysis in domestic stock. The Namaqua rock mice harboured eight tick species. Only Haemaphysalis leachi/spinulosa and R. punctatus had a relative abundance exceeding 15%. Three of the 10 pouched mice exam.
Admissions strategies for graduate teaching credential programs: holistic approach using non-cognitive variables

Cognitive variables have been the primary indicator of academic and professional success used to process degree applications in many admissions departments. Cognitive variables are numerically based markers such as grade point average and test scores. Although cognitive variables are essential in determining qualified candidates in graduate programs, noncognitive variables provide significant additional information about a candidate, such as motivation, strength of character, interpersonal skills, and field experience. This qualitative research study examines (a) the use of noncognitive variables in holistic admissions processes to predict academic and professional success of selected candidates in graduate teaching credential programs offered in private educational institutions in the state of California, and (b) the extent to which admissions administrators and decision-makers utilize holistic non-cognitive criteria to assess their applicants.
The Intergenerational Incidence of Green Tax Reform

We examine the lifetime incidence and intergenerational distributional effects of an economywide carbon tax swap using a numerical dynamic general equilibrium model with overlapping generations of the U.S. economy. We highlight various fundamental choices in policy design including (1) the level of the initial carbon tax, (2) the growth rate of the carbon tax trajectory of over time, and (3) alternative ways for revenue recycling. Without revenue recycling, we find that generations born before the tax is introduced experience smaller welfare losses, or even gain, relative to future generations. For suffciently low growth rates of the tax trajectory, the impacts for distant future generations decrease over time. For future generations born after the introduction of the tax, the negative welfare impacts are the smallest (largest) when revenues are recycled through lowering pre-existing capital income taxes (through per-capita lump-sum rebates). For generations born before the tax is introduced, we find that lump-sum rebates favor very old generations and labor (capital) income tax recycling favors very young generations (generations of intermediate age).
Group-living results in higher foraging success for a kleptoparasitic spider

Reconstruction of ancestral states shows the evolutionary pathway of web invading behavior in Argyrodinae is from araneophagy to kleptoparasitism, and then to group-living kleptoparasitism. The evolution of group-living behavior is strongly correlated with specialization on large hosts, which provide a larger food resource than smaller hosts. The best-supported scenario showed a single origin of kleptoparasitism with secondary loss in the genus Ariamnes (1). Fossil records of argyrodines (2,3) and the rate of evolution in the spider COI & 16S genes (4) were used to date the origins of araneophagy and kleptoparasitism to the early Paleogene and late Paleogene, respectively.
Mantenimiento en el laboratorio de Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920

Two laboratory maintenance systems of Trypanosoma rangeli were compared. The maintenance by weekly subinoculations in Tobie's culture medium and the intrafemoral inoculation of Rhodnius prolixus with cultured flagellates, resulted in loss of infectivity of the metacyclic salivarian trypomastigotes for mice, ten months after maintenance in culture. With the system of cyclical passes through culture- Rhodnius -mouse- culture- Rhodnius , the infectivity of the metacyclic trypomastigotes for mice, was maintained during the three years of the experiment. The number and porcentage of metaeyclic trypomastigotes formed in the salivary glands of R. prolixus , previously inoculated intrafemorally or intracoelomically with culture forms of T. rangeli , did not show correlation with the inoculated dose, however the inoculated quantity demostrated a direct relation with the mortality rate of the insects. The results indicate that T. rangeli requires an adequate maintenance system, so that under experimental condition the biological characteristics, normally expressed under natural conditions, are conserved.
Temperature Profiles and Wave Structures Observed with IUVS/MAVEN Stellar Occultations

H. Gröller, R. V. Yelle, T. Koskinen, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA (hgr@lpl.arizona.edu), F. Montmessin, G. Lacombe, LATMOS, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin / CNRS, Guyancourt, France, S. Jain, J. Deighan, N. M. Schneider, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, H. Nakagawa, Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, A. S. Medvedev, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany.
INTRODUKSI FORMULA RIZOBAKTERIA Bacillusthuringiensis pv. toumanoffi PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI UNTUK PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT PUSTUL BAKTERI (Xanthomonas axonopodispvglycines) DI LAPANGAN

Bacillus thuringiensis srv.toumanoffi is an indigenous endophytic rizobacteria from healthy soybean rizosphere capable of controlling bacterial pustule disease (Xanthomonas axonopodispvglycines). Rhizobacteria needs to be formulated to remain effective in storage and application. The aimed of this research was to obtain a stable bacterial formula in controlling bacterial pustule disease in soybeans. This research was designed in factorial in a randomized group consisting of 13 treatments with 3 replications. The Treatment was a combination of carrier material (peat, tapioca and coconut water+1% palm oil) and storage time (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Soybean seeds were introduced with each Bacillus thuringiensis srv. toumanoffi formula before planting. The results showed that the formula Bacillus thuringiensissrv. toumanofi was relatively stable in suppressing the incidence and severity of bacterial pustule disease in soybean leaf. The best formula for controlling bacterial pustules was Bacillus thuringiensis srv. toumanoffi in peat, coconut water + palm oil and tapioca each 2 weeks storage.
Efficacy of DNA Sampling to Monitor Population Abundance of Black Bears in the Southern Appalachians

I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Katie E. Settlage entitled “Efficacy of DNA Sampling to Monitor Population Abundance of Black Bears in the Southern Appalachians”. I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Wildlife and Fisheries Science.
Torque Analysis of a Noncontact Spinning System Using Linearly Actuated Magnets (特集 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 2010 (APSAEM2010))

This paper analysed the torque characteristics of a noncontact spinning system using linearly actuated magnets. This noncontact spinning system spins the suspended object (here is an iron bal) without contact by the remanent magnetization and the linear movement of four permanent magnets. The four magnets are driven by four VCM (Voice Coil Motor). In this paper, the remanent magnetization point is modelled as a small permanent magnet, whose one magnetic pole is at the surface of the bal, and the other magnetic pole is at the centre of the bal. An analysis model of IEM (Integral Element Method) is created to ca1culate the rotational torque of the iron bal, and a measurement device using strain gauges is set up to measure the rotational torque. According to the IEM analysis results and the experimental results, the rotational torque characteristics of the noncontact spinning system are discussed.
The Nepotistic Parent; Predator Protection, Kinship and Philopatry

From a life history perspective, parents have an incentive to protect their reproductive investment, and so may provide care even after their offspring are independent. Such prolonged parental care could lead to postponed dispersal of the offspring and thereby facilitate the formation of kin groups. We tested whether alpha birds in Siberian jays protected their independent, retained offspring by giving alarm calls during simulated predator attacks. We compared the responses to predator attacks simulated by flying a hawk model over a dyad of birds on a feeder for dyads composed of an alpha bird and either a relative or a nonrelative. Alpha females were nepotistic in their alarm-calling behaviour, in that they called more frequently when accompanied by their retained offspring than by unrelated immigrants, but alpha males called indiscriminately. This difference in alarm calling could reflect dominance relationships in Siberian jay groups, because the presence of immigrants may be less costly to alpha males, but alpha females are more vulnerable to competition from immigrants. Alarm calls were usually given during escape, when both individuals in the dyad had left the feeding site. However, results of a playback experiment suggest that alarm calls conveyed information about danger and incited an immediate escape reaction. Our results indicate that alarm calling can be nepotistic, and that factors other than kinship influence alarm-calling behaviour. Nepotistic antipredator behaviours are benefits that offspring can gain only in their natal territory. Hence, in the absence of preferential treatment by their parents, offspring may be more likely to disperse and kin groups are prevented from forming.
A D. melanogaster parkin mutant larval model of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with severely reduced movement in patients. The main effect is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Null mutations of the parkin gene are known to cause PD. I found that Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) parkin null (dparkin) mutant larvae show neurophysiological abnormalities, a bradykinesia-like locomotory defect and synaptic overgrowth at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Neuronal overgrowth is rescued with either muscle or neuronal expression of wild-type dparkin in dparkin mutant larvae. The ubiquitous expression of antioxidant enzymes have varying degrees of rescue dependent on their properties and site of action in dparkin mutant larvae. Manipulating c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling components or JNK interacting detoxification enzymes (Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) or Thioredoxin reductase 2 (TRX-R2) ameliorated all the types of dparkin mutant larval phenotypes. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1) expression rescued overgrowth but failed to rescue the neurophysiological defect or the locomotion in dparkin mutant larvae. Additionally, genetically manipulating AMP-activated protein Kinase (AMPK), which is involved in the energy homeostasis, rescued overgrowth and neurophysiological dysfunction but not the locomotory defects. The pharmacological manipulation with dopaminergic drugs, and classical AMPK activators (metformin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)) or resveratrol failed to rescue dparkin larval phenotypes. I conclude that neuronal, rather than muscle, failure is key to the bradykinesia observed in dparkin mutant larvae. The main defect is suggested to be the depletion of neuronal energy reserve leading to synaptic dysfunction, rather than oxidative stress. Together these observations suggest oxidative stress could be a downstream consequence of a metabolic dysfunction.
Novel roles for phospholipase C in plant stress signalling and development

For many years, efforts have been made to explore PLC signaling in plants. Compared to the classical PLC signaling pathway, a different picture is emerging for plants. Several roles for PLC in plant development and stress responses have been claimed but genetic evidence for this is mostly missing. In this thesis, we functionally characterized the role of PLC3, PLC5 and PLC7 in Arabidopsis. PLC3 (Chapter 2) was mainly expressed in vasculature. Loss-of-function mutants showed delayed seed germination, shorter primary root, fewer lateral roots, and decreased sensitivity to ABA. PIP2 increase was triggered by ABA, however, no difference in PLC substrate- or product levels in plc3 were found. Overexpression of PLC3 increased the tolerance to drought and decreased stomatal aperture. PLC5 (Chapter 3) was also predominantly expressed in vasculature. plc5 mutant displayed similar root phenotype as plc3. Overexpression of PLC5 enhanced drought tolerance and reduced stomatal aperture but stunted root-hair growth. No differences in PPI and PA between wt and plc5 seedlings, however, decreased PIP and PIP2 and increased PA levels were found in PLC5-OE lines. Inducible overexpression of PIP5K3 in PLC5-OE line rescued the root hair phenotype. PLC7 (Chapter 4) was another phloem-expressed PLC. KO or KD of PLC7 had no effect on root development but was less responsive to ABA. plc3/7 double-knockout mutant was lethal, whereas plc5/7 was viable and revealed several new phenotypes. Overexpression of PLC7 also led to an enhanced drought-tolerant phenotype. Together, these results reveal several novel functions for PLC in plant stress and development.
A Multi-Radio, Multi-Hop Ad-Hoc Radio Communication Network for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC)

Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) is a modern signalling system that uses radio communication to transfer train control information between train and wayside. The trackside networks in these systems are mostly based on conventional infrastructure Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11). It means a train has to continuously associate (i.e. perform handshake) with the trackside Wi-Fi Access Points (AP) as it moves, which incurs communication delays. Additionally, these APs are connected to the wayside infrastructure via optical fiber cables that incurs huge costs. This paper presents a novel design in which trackside nodes function in ad-hoc Wi-Fi mode, which means no association has to be performed with them prior to transmitting. A node upon receiving packets from a train forwards these packets to the next node, forming a chain of nodes. Following this chain, packets arrive at the destination. To make the design resilient against interference and failures, transmissions are separated on multiple frequencies and a node forwards packets to not only one but two of its neighbors. This paper investigates the resiliency, redundancy and scalability performance of this design and presents the results both from a field experiment involving prototype hardware and an extensive simulation study.
Array platforms and wet-bench protocols

Section I. Array Platforms. Chapter 1: Getting started with microarrays. Chapter 2: The Affymetrix GeneChip(R) Platform: An Overview. Chapter 3: The Agilent In-situ-synthesized microarray platform. Chapter 4: Illumina Universal Bead Arrays. Chapter 5: Microarray Oligonucleotide-probes. Chapter 6: Automated liquid handling and high-throughput preparation of PCR amplified DNA for microarray fabrication. Chapter 7: The Printing Process Tips on Tips. Chapter 8: Making and Using Spotted DNA Microarrays in an Academic Core Laboratory. Chapter 9: Printing your own Inkjet microarrays. Chapter 10: Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) microarrays made with (S, S)-trans-Cyclopentane-Constrained Peptide Nucleic Acids. Section II. Wet-Bench Protocols. Chapter 11: Good molecular technique. Chapter 12: Optimizing experiment and analysis parameters for spotted microarrays. Chapter 13: Sample Labeling: An Overview. Chapter 14: Genomic DNA as a general cohybridization standard for ratiometric microarrays. Chapter 15: Analysis of Sequence Specificities of DNA Binding Proteins with Protein Binding Microarrayt. Chapter 16: Mircroarray analysis of RNA processing and modification. Chapter 17: Mapping the distribution of Drosophila chromatin proteins by ChIP on chip. Chapter 18: DamID: mapping of in vivo protein-genome interactions using tethered DNA adenine methyltransferase. Chapter 19: Whole Genome Genotyping. Chapter 20: Mapping Drosophila Genomic Aberration Breakpoints with Comparative Genome Hybridization On Microarrays. Chapter 21: Performing Quantitative RT-PCR Experiments. Chapter 22: The Application of Tissue Microarrays in the Validation of Microarray Results. Chapter 23: Mapping Histone modifications by nucleosome immunoprecipitation.
Analysis of scientific research in the citrus industry from bibliometric indicators :: Brapci 2.0

O setor citricola engloba a agricultura das frutas citricas laranjas, limoes, tangerinas e seus diversos hibridos e possui extrema importância economico-social em mais de 100 paises em todos os continentes ao redor do mundo. Enquanto alguns tem mercados locais para frutas frescas, como e o caso da Espanha, Marrocos, Israel, Cuba e Africa do Sul, outros dependem do processamento e das exportacoes como uma saida para grande parte de suas producoes, como por exemplo, o Brasil, Estados Unidos, China, India e Mexico. Os numeros e as cifras do setor citricola sao expressivos e traduzem sua relevância para a economia mundial, entretanto o conhecimento acerca da mensuracao da pesquisa cientifica e dos indicadores bibliometricos neste setor ainda e uma lacuna a ser preenchida. O objetivo deste artigo e tracar um panorama da producao cientifica relacionada ao setor citricola entre os anos 2000 e 2010 e verificar qual a contribuicao do Brasil nesse mesmo periodo. Como procedimentos metodologicos, estabeleceram-se algumas etapas para um melhor desenvolvimento da pesquisa: busca exploratoria na base de dados internacional Web of Science (WoS), no intuito de encontrar palavras chave relevantes, agrupamento dos termos, elaboracao da expressao de busca, coleta dos registros bibliograficos, pre-tratamento dos dados, analise bibliometrica com o software Vantage Point e por fim, representacoes graficas com os softwares Microsoft Office Excel, Ucinet e NetDraw. Como resultados da pesquisa, foram gerados indicadores bibliometricos sobre a evolucao das publicacoes cientificas, suas distribuicoes geograficas no mundo e nas regioes brasileiras, alem do mapeamento das relacionamentos que ocorrem com a colaboracao cientifica. Conclui-se que a pesquisa relacionada ao setor citricola apoia e acompanha a competitividade economica das suas regioes mais produtoras, com a geracao de conhecimentos altamente especializados.
Role of Brassinosteroids in plant growth promotion and stress tolerance during primingmediated by beneficial bacteria

Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant hormones widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom in low concentrations and with structural homology to animal and insect steroids. BR are involved in numerous physiological processes, and they also fulfill an antagonistic role in anti-herbivory structure formation in tomato (Campos et al., 2009). In order to characterize the role of BR upon priming with B. amyloliquefasciens 5113, gene expression analysis of BR genes was assessed in Arabidopsis thaliana. BAK1, BRI1 and DWF1 expression down-regulates, while DET2 upregulates upon bacterial priming. CPD gene expression was not affected by priming. qPCR analysis of VSP2 and PR1 were performed on BR mutants upon priming with B. amyloliquefasciens 5113. Basal levels of PR1 were higher in det2, bak1 and dwf1 compared to primed samples. Primed bri1 displayed two-fold higher expression of PR1 compared to untreated bri1. VSP2 level goes up on det2, bak1 and bri1 upon priming. No changes of VSP2 expression were observed in dwf1 upon priming. Methyl jasmonate treatment up-regulates VSP2 level twofold in det2 and nine-fold in bak1. The role of BR genes in response to insect attack was examined. BR genes appear not to be responsive to herbivory by S. littoralis. However, S. littoralis larvae fed more on BR mutants compared to those that fed on Col-0 WT. In order to understand the role of BR in JA signaling pTRV-JAR1 and pTRV-LOX2 constructs were developed and virus induced gene silencing were performed on Col-0 and BR mutants bak1 and det2. Gene silencing was confirmed by qPCR analysis of the target genes in Col-0 and det2, but not in bak1. Further insect feeding experiments are required to elucidate if BR play a role in defense responses to herbivory when JA signaling pathway is compromised.
Isolation of microsatellite loci from the common buzzard, Buteo buteo (Aves: Accipitridae)

We isolated 56 common buzzard (Buteo buteo) microsatellite loci from (AC)n- and (AAAG)n-enriched genomic libraries. Eleven loci were tested on 90 individuals from Eastern Westphalia in Germany, yielding two to 17 alleles per locus (average 5.7) and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.11 to 0.93 (average 0.53). These highly variable microsatellite markers provide a powerful means for investigating population genetic diversity in the common buzzard, a little-understood aspect of this widespread species.
Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean

Famed in story as "the great leviathans" sperm whales are truly creatures of extremes. Giants among all whales, they also have the largest brains of any creature on Earth. Males can reach a length of 62 feet and can weigh upwards of 50 tons. With this book, Hal Whitehead gives us a clearer picture of the ecology and social life of sperm whales than we have ever had before. Based on almost two decades of field research, Whitehead describes sperm whale biology, behaviour and habitat; how they organize their societies; and how their complex lifestyles may have evolved in this unique environment. Among the many fascinating topics he explores is the crucial role that culture plays in the life of the sperm whale, and he traces the consequences of this argument for both evolution and conservation. Finally, drawing on these findings, Whitehead builds a general model of how the ocean environment influences social behaviour and cultural evolution among mammals as well as other animals. The definitive portrait of a provocative creature "sperm whales" should interest animal behaviourists, conservationists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists as well as marine mammalogists.