Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending the Grazing Period for Bulls, Prior to Finishing on a Concentrate Ration: Composition, Collagen Structure and Organoleptic Characteristics of Beef

The biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls (n = 56) finished on a concentrate-based system (C) or raised in a pasture-based system (P) incorporating 99 (P99), 162 (P162) or 231 days (P231) of grazing prior to indoor finishing on the concentrate-based diet were investigated. Age at slaughter increased with increasing period at pasture. Intramuscular fat concentration was lower (p < 0.001) for P99 than for C, P162 and P231 bulls, which did not differ. Soluble collagen proportion was lower (p < 0.01) for P162 and P231 than for P99 and C bulls. Collagen cross-link content was higher (p < 0.05) for P231 than for P99 and C bulls and for P162 than for C bulls. The proportion of type I muscle fibres was higher (p < 0.01) for P231 and P162 than for P99 and C bulls. Sensory tenderness was higher (p < 0.001) for C and P162 than for P99 and P231 bulls and overall liking was higher (p < 0.01) for C than for P99 and P231 bulls but similar to P162 bulls. Extending the grazing period to 162 days did not negatively influence the sensory qualities of beef compared to the intensive concentrate-based system.
Extractive based email summarization: An unsupervised hybrid approach using graph based sentence ranking and K-means clustering algorithm

Over the years, Automatic Text Summarization is widely studied by many researchers. Here, an attempt is made to generate an automatic summary of a given text document based on an unsupervised hybrid model. The model comprises of an extractive method: a Graph-based text ranking and K-means: a clustering algorithm. Ranked sentences are obtained using the graph-theoretic ranking model here word frequency, word position, and string pattern based ranking are calculated. The K-Means algorithm generates the coherent topic clusters. Using the output of Graph-based method and K-means clusters, Sentence Importance Score(SIS) is calculated for each sentence, where top 70% ranked sentences and centralised topics of each cluster ( excluding those topics which fall in the outlier zone ) are used. The unsupervised hybrid approach is an attempt to inherit one of the human practice of reading and then summarizing the text in short while keeping the original insight of that text by the virtue of important sentences and keywords. The system is tested on dataset for Summarization and Keyword Extraction from Emails which on evaluation gives an average of 0.57 score on ROUGE 2.0 tool.
Nutrient Content of Squeeze Pouch Foods for Infants and Toddlers Sold in the United States in 2015 †

Background: To describe the availability and nutrient composition of U.S. commercially available squeeze pouch infant and toddler foods in 2015. Materials and Methods: Data were from information presented on nutrition labels for 703 ready-to-serve, pureed food products from 24 major U.S. infant and toddler food brands. We described nutritional components (e.g., calories, fat) and compared them between packaging types (squeeze pouch versus other packaging types) within food categories. Results: 397 (56%) of the analyzed food products were packaged as squeeze pouches. Differences in 13 nutritional components between squeeze pouch versus other packaging types were generally small and varied by food category. Squeeze pouches in the fruits and vegetables, fruit-based, and vegetable-based categories were more likely to contain added sugars than other package types. Conclusion: In 2015, squeeze pouches were prevalent in the U.S. commercial infant and toddler food market. Nutrient composition differed between squeeze pouches and other packaging types for some macro- and micronutrients. Although it is recommended that infants and toddlers under two years old not consume any added sugars, a specific area of concern may be the inclusion of sources of added sugar in squeeze pouches. Linking this information with children’s dietary intake would facilitate understanding how these differences affect overall diet quality.
The Elements Of Logic

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Fitness Characteristics of Elite and Subelite Male Ice Hockey Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Vigh-Larsen, JF, Beck, JH, Daasbjerg, A, Knudsen, CB, Kvorning, T, Overgaard, K, Andersen, TB, and Mohr, M. Fitness characteristics of elite and subelite male ice hockey players: A cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose was to evaluate fitness profiles in elite (age 23.5 ± 4.4 years) and subelite (age 19.4 ± 3.1 years) male ice hockey players. Twenty teams from the best (n = 164) and second-best (n = 132) Danish ice hockey division were assessed in-season using a field-test battery consisting of off-ice measurements of countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and body composition, as well as performance tests on the ice. These included the submaximal and maximal Yo-Yo intermittent recovery ice hockey tests, level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1-IHSUB and Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX), the 5-10-5 pro-agility test, and a straight-line sprint test. Elite players were heavier (85.7 ± 8.1 vs. 80.8 ± 10 kg, p ≤ 0.05) and had a higher skeletal muscle mass (41.9 ± 3.9 vs. 38.8 ± 4.7 kg, p ≤ 0.05) than subelite players. Moreover, elite players elicited a superior CMJ (50.1 ± 6.1 vs. 44.9 ± 5.4 cm, p ≤ 0.05), agility (4.76 ± 0.17 vs. 4.96 ± 0.22 seconds, p ≤ 0.05), and sprint (4.49 ± 0.16 vs. 4.71 ± 0.19 seconds, p ≤ 0.05) performance. Finally, elite players outperformed subelite players in Yo-Yo IR1-IHSUB (79.7 ± 6.8 vs. 88 ± 5.4% HRmax, p ≤ 0.05) and Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX tests (2,434 ± 414 vs. 1,850 ± 499 m, p ≤ 0.05). Top elite teams performed. 1 and 7% better than bottom elite teams on the agility and CMJ test (p ≤ 0.05), whereas differences approached significance for sprint (p = 0.08) and Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX (p = 0.08) performance in favor of top-tier teams. No differences were observed between forwards and defensemen. In conclusion, elite-level ice hockey requires a high level of fitness in terms of muscle mass and explosive strength, as well as a well-developed high-intensity intermittent exercise capacity. In addition, these demands seem to apply for both forwards and defensemen.
Distinct functional properties of two electrogenic isoforms of the SLC34 Na‐Pi cotransporter

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is crucial for proper cellular function in all organisms. In mammals, type II Na‐Pi cotransporters encoded by members of the Slc34 gene family play major roles in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating Na‐Pi cotransporter activity within the plasma membrane are largely unknown. In the present study, we used two approaches to examine the effect of changing plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) levels on the activities of two electrogenic Na‐Pi cotransporters, NaPi‐IIa and NaPi‐IIb. To deplete plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 in Xenopus oocytes, we utilized Ciona intestinalis voltage‐sensing phosphatase (Ci‐VSP), which dephosphorylates PI(4,5)P2 to phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI(4)P). Upon activation of Ci‐VSP, NaPi‐IIb currents were significantly decreased, whereas NaPi‐IIa currents were unaffected. We also used the rapamycin‐inducible Pseudojanin (PJ) system to deplete both PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P from the plasma membrane of cultured Neuro 2a cells. Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P using PJ significantly reduced NaPi‐IIb activity, but NaPi‐IIa activity was unaffected, which excluded the possibility that NaPi‐IIa is equally sensitive to PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P. These results indicate that NaPi‐IIb activity is regulated by PI(4,5)P2, whereas NaPi‐IIa is not sensitive to either PI(4,5)P2 or PI(4)P. In addition, patch clamp recording of NaPi‐IIa and NaPi‐IIb currents in cultured mammalian cells enabled kinetic analysis with higher temporal resolution, revealing their distinct kinetic properties.
Determining the association between physical activity prior to conception and pregnancy rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Abstract We investigated the association between physical activity (PA) before pregnancy and pregnancy rate according to intensity and amount of exercise. Eleven prospective cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Any amount of moderate-intensity PA was associated with a statistically higher rate of pregnancy compared to that in patients with no PA (p < .05). Any amount of vigorous PA was associated with decreased pregnancy rate; regular PA was associated with decreased infertility (p > .05). In contrast, vigorous PA was associated with increased infertility (p > .05). Therefore, women who are preparing for pregnancy are recommended to perform regular, moderate-intensity PA.
Metabolomics Analyses in High-Low Feed Efficient Dairy Cows Reveal Novel Biochemical Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers

Residual feed intake (RFI) is designed to estimate net efficiency of feed use, so low RFI animals are considered for selection to reduce feeding costs. However, metabolic profiling of cows and availability of predictive metabolic biomarkers for RFI are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to generate a better understanding of metabolic mechanisms behind low and high RFI in Jerseys and Holsteins and identify potential predictive metabolic biomarkers. Each metabolite was analyzed to reveal their associations with two RFIs in two breeds by a linear regression model. An integrative analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed to explore interactions between functionally related metabolites and genes in the created metabolite networks. We found that three main clusters were detected in the heat map and all identified fatty acids (palmitoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and tetradecanoic acid) were grouped in a cluster. The lower cluster were all from fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid. The first component of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) explained a majority (61.5%) of variations of all metabolites. A good division between two breeds was also observed. Significant differences between low and high RFIs existed in the fatty acid group (P < 0.001). Statistical results revealed clearly significant differences between breeds; however, the association of individual metabolites (leucine, ornithine, pentadecanoic acid, and valine) with the RFI status was only marginally significant or not significant due to a lower sample size. The integrated gene-metabolite pathway analysis showed that pathway impact values were higher than those of a single metabolic pathway. Both types of pathway analyses revealed three important pathways, which were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Finally, one gene (2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 (+HACL1)) associated with two metabolites (-α-ketoglutarate and succinic acid) were identified in the gene-metabolite interaction network. This study provided novel metabolic pathways and integrated metabolic-gene expression networks in high and low RFI Holstein and Jersey cattle, thereby providing a better understanding of novel biochemical mechanisms underlying variation in feed efficiency.
CollocInfer: An R Library for Collocation Inference for Continuous{ and Discrete{Time Dynamic Systems

This monograph details the implementation and use of R routines for smoothing-based estimation of continuous-time nonlinear dynamic systems. These routines represent and extension of the generalized proling (GP) methods described in Ramsay et al. (2007) for estimating parameters in nonlinear ordinary dierential equations (ODEs). It includes an interface to the R package fda. The package also supports discrete-time systems. We describe the methodological and computational framework and the necessary steps to use the software.
A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA

Classification of the cosmopolitan butterfly genus Danaus (Nymphalidae: Danainae) is revised at subgeneric, specific and subspecific levels, combining for the first time mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence information with morphological data. Tree topologies based on the nuclear genome (allozymes, pheromone components, the morphology of all life history stages and nuclear DNA sequences), on the one hand, and mitochondrial DNA, on the other, are incongruent and challenge the current taxonomy of the genus. Although earlier classifications, based on adult morphology alone, are, in general, well supported by an analysis of total evidence, the mitochondrial phylogeny shows that the species D. chrysippus and its subgenus Anosia are deeply paraphyletic. Subspecies dorippus of D. chrysippus is the basal clade of the genus and is reinstated as the species D. dorippus. The former species D. plexaure is demoted to a subspecies of D. eresimus. The specific status of D. erippus, as distinct from D. plexippus, is tentatively supported. On the strength of the new data, division of the monophyletic genus Danaus s.l. into three subgenera Danaus s.s. , Salatura and Anosia is unsustainable and is abandoned. Of the 15 terminal clades (taxa) of Danaus s.l. included in the study, 11 are species that broadly conform to the biological species concept. (The West Indian species D. cleophile, missing from our analysis, is the twelfth species). The remaining terminal clades are subspecies of D. chrysippuscomb. nov. and D. dorippusstat. rev. Two sympatric Neotropical species, D. eresimus and D. gilippus, are morphologically distinct and sexually isolated but have nearly identical mitochondrial genomes. In contrast, two partially sympatric Palaeotropical species, D. chrysippus and D. dorippus, are cryptic species that share structural morphology and hybridize but have highly differentiated mitochondrial genomes. D. dorippus is polymorphic for two anciently diverged haplotypes and its history has possibly involved recombinational speciation and/or hybridism.
Body Composition Values of NCAA Division 1 Female Athletes Derived From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Abstract Dobrosielski, DA, Leppert, KM, Knuth, ND, Wilder, JN, Kovacs, L, and Lisman, PJ. Body composition values of NCAA Division 1 female athletes derived from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2886–2893, 2021—This study generated descriptive data for regional and total body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) measures using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) across 12 NCAA Division 1 female competitive sports. Two hundred seventy-eight female collegiate athletes underwent DXA: basketball (BB; n = 28), cross country (CC = 11), field hockey (FH; n = 35), gymnastics (GYM; n = 23), lacrosse (LAX; n = 48), soccer (SOC; CC = 27), softball (SB; n = 24), swimming and diving (SW; n = 35), tennis (TN; n = 11), track and field ([TR-throw; n = 10]; [TR-run; n = 10]), and volleyball (VB; n = 16). Descriptive statistics for all body composition and BMD measures were calculated. Group mean differences in all regional and total body composition (all, p < 0.001; η2 range = 0.177–0.365) and BMD (all, p < 0.001; η2 range = 0.317–0.383) measures were observed between teams. The total BF% for gymnasts (23.5%) was lower than TN, FH, LAX, SB, and TR-throw (mean difference range: −4.6 to −12.9%, all p < 0.01); TR-throw had the highest total BF% (36.4%). Cross country had lower total BMD (1.17 g·cm−2) than FH, TR-throw, LAX, GYM, SOC, SB, VB, and BB (mean difference range: −0.12 to −0.26 g·cm−2, all p < 0.01); BB and TR-throw had the highest total BMD (1.40 and 1.43 g·cm−2, respectively). Our data confirm that regional and total body composition and BMD measures varied across female collegiate sports. These findings may assist sports medicine and strength and conditioning practitioners with identifying sport-specific goal values for BF% and BMD to optimize program design.
Medical Issues in Adults with Rett Syndrome – A National Survey

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine main health issues in a population of females with Rett syndrome, with a focus on individuals aged 36 or older. Methods: A national survey including 85 females, divided into a younger (1–20 years), a middle (21–35 years) and an older group (36–66 years). Data include clinical examination, medical records and parental interviews. Prevalences of six main medical issues (scoliosis, ambulation, growth, respiration, gastrointestinal dysmobility and epilepsy) and severity scores in the three groups were compared. Results: Mean severity scores were 11.8, 15.1 and 13.7 (from younger to older), and the difference between the younger and the middle group was significant. No other major significant prevalence differences were observed. Conclusions: Most main medical issues in Rett syndrome continued to be a major concern in adulthood, but health did not seem to decline with increasing age. The results emphasize the need for clinical follow-up throughout adulthood.
Development of finger vein image sampling & controlling card

According to the status that low density of integration for sampling in the finger vein identification system,collection control card based on the universal serial BUS interface is developed.This collection control panel achieves the function including light controlling,finger positioning,automatic parameter adjustment,and collection and transmission of finger vein image.The collection control panel including structure,working principle and intelligent parameters adjustment algorithm based on fuzzy control and multi-sensor fusion is discussed in detail.Practical application shows that the collection device which installation this plate can be more accurate to obtain veins images,has good portability and application.
High quality high spatial resolution functional classification in low dose dynamic CT perfusion using singular value decomposition (SVD) and k-means clustering

Dynamic CT perfusion acquisitions are intrinsically high-dose examinations, due to repeated scanning. To keep radiation dose under control, relatively noisy images are acquired. Noise is then further enhanced during the extraction of functional parameters from the post-processing of the time attenuation curves of the voxels (TACs) and normally some smoothing filter needs to be employed to better visualize any perfusion abnormality, but sacrificing spatial resolution. In this study we propose a new method to detect perfusion abnormalities keeping both high spatial resolution and high CNR. To do this we first perform the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the original noisy spatial temporal data matrix to extract basis functions of the TACs. Then we iteratively cluster the voxels based on a smoothed version of the three most significant singular vectors. Finally, we create high spatial resolution 3D volumes where to each voxel is assigned a distance from the centroid of each cluster, showing how functionally similar each voxel is compared to the others. The method was tested on three noisy clinical datasets: one brain perfusion case with an occlusion in the left internal carotid, one healthy brain perfusion case, and one liver case with an enhancing lesion. Our method successfully detected all perfusion abnormalities with higher spatial precision when compared to the functional maps obtained with a commercially available software. We conclude this method might be employed to have a rapid qualitative indication of functional abnormalities in low dose dynamic CT perfusion datasets. The method seems to be very robust with respect to both spatial and temporal noise and does not require any special a priori assumption. While being more robust respect to noise and with higher spatial resolution and CNR when compared to the functional maps, our method is not quantitative and a potential usage in clinical routine could be as a second reader to assist in the maps evaluation, or to guide a dataset smoothing before the modeling part.
Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration

Sprint running is a common feature of many sport activities. The ability of an athlete to cover a distance in the shortest time relies on his/her power production. The aim of this study was to provide an exhaustive description of the mechanical determinants of power output in sprint running acceleration and to check whether a predictive equation for internal power designed for steady locomotion is applicable to sprint running acceleration. Eighteen subjects performed two 20 m sprints in a gym. A 35‐camera motion capture system recorded the 3D motion of the body segments and the body center of mass (BCoM) trajectory was computed. The mechanical power to accelerate and rise BCoM (external power, Pext) and to accelerate the segments with respect to BCoM (internal power, Pint) was calculated. In a 20 m sprint, the power to accelerate the body forward accounts for 50% of total power; Pint accounts for 41% and the power to rise BCoM accounts for 9% of total power. All the components of total mechanical power increase linearly with mean sprint velocity. A published equation for Pint prediction in steady locomotion has been adapted (the compound factor q accounting for the limbs' inertia decreases as a function of the distance within the sprint, differently from steady locomotion) and is still able to predict experimental Pint in a 20 m sprint with a bias of 0.70 ± 0.93 W kg−1. This equation can be used to include Pint also in other methods that estimate external horizontal power only.
Light Trapping in Conformal Graphene/Silicon Nanoholes for High Performance Photodetectors.

Hybrid graphene/silicon heterojunctions have been widely ultilized in photodtectors, due to their unque characteristics of high sensitivity, fast response and CMOS-compatibility. However, the photoresponse is restricted by the high reflectance of planar silicon (up to 50%). Herein, an improved graphene/Si detector with excellent light absorption performance is proposed and demonstrated by directly growing graphene on the surface of silicon nanoholes (SiNHs). It is shown that the combination of SiNHs with conformal graphene provides superior interfaces for efficient light trapping and transport of the photoexcited carriers. A high absorption up to 90% was achieved, and the conformal graphene/SiNHs based photodetectors exhibited a higher photoresponsivity (2720 A/W) and faster response (~6.2 μs), comparing with the counterpart of the planar graphene/Si, for which the corresponding values are 850 A/W and 51.3 μs. These results showcase the vital role of the material morphology in optoelectronic conversion, and pave the way to explore novel high-performance heterojunction photodetectors.