Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental insights into the scaling and variability of local tsunamis triggered by giant subduction megathrust earthquakes

[1] Giant subduction megathrust earthquakes of magnitude 9 and larger pose a significant tsunami hazard in coastal regions. In order to test and improve empirical tsunami forecast models and to explore the susceptibility of different subduction settings we here analyze the scaling of subduction earthquake-triggered tsunamis in the near field and their variability related to source heterogeneities. We base our analysis on a sequence of 50 experimentally simulated great to giant (Mw = 8.3–9.4) subduction megathrust earthquakes generated using an elastoplastic analog model. Experimentally observed surface deformation is translated to local tsunami runup using linear wave theory. We find that the intrinsic scaling of local tsunami runup is characterized by a linear relationship to peak earthquake slip, an exponential relationship to moment magnitude, and an inverse power law relationship to fore-arc slope. Tsunami variability is controlled by coseismic slip heterogeneity and strain localization within the fore-arc wedge and is characterized by a coefficient of variation Cv ∼ 0.5. Wave breaking modifies the scaling behavior of tsunamis triggered by the largest (Mw > 8.5) events in subduction settings with shallow dipping (<1–2°) fore-arc slopes, limits tsunami runup to <30 m, and reduces its variability to Cv ∼ 0.2. The resulting effective scaling relationships are validated against historical events and numerical simulations and reproduce empirical scaling relationships. The latter appear as robust and liberal estimates of runup up to magnitude Mw = 9.5. A global assessment of tsunami susceptibility suggests that accretionary plate margins are more prone to tsunami hazard than erosive margins.
Identifying Tweets from the Economic Domain

The rapid spread of information on the microblogging platform Twitter bears great potential for scientists to share their ideas and keep track on recent research results. However, Twitter lacks the ability to identify (and hence to connect to) other users in a particular domain. We adapt an approach to identify computer scientists on Twitter to the domain of economics. We learn a model, which classifies users as economist or non-economist, based on ground-truth data obtained by means of an initial set of Twitter accounts of economic journals. We further conduct an analysis of content-based and network features. Our evaluation shows, that economists can be detected rather accurately on twitter based on tweet terms (F1 = 0.7 with Naive Bayes). Neither adding hash-tags nor followers could further improve the classification model.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in a Young Adult Population with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and inflammation assessed using serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in young adults. CRP has been associated with MDD in middle-aged and older adults, but the relationship has yet to be established in college-aged adults with MDD. Methods: This ongoing cross-sectional study included 56 patients with MDD and 106 healthy age-matched controls. Depressed patients were recruited from mental health institutions across Connecticut, and were being treated for depression with a Second Generation Antipsychotic (SGA). Questionnaire data, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood draws were recorded for all participants. Results: Young adults with MDD had significantly higher CRP levels than healthy controls (p<0.05). Body Mass Index (BMI) and leptin were positively correlated with CRP (p<0.001) in the MDD group, but not in the controls. Use of Oral Contraception (OC) was positively associated with CRP concentrations in both depressed and non-depressed subjects (p<0.010). Using, multivariate regression analysis, we were able to account for approximately 42% of the variability in CRP in the depressed population. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the relationship between CRP and MDD that has been established in older adults exists in young adults treated with SGA medication as well. The depressed population had significantly higher CRP and leptin levels, and BMI than controls, pointing to a possible role that adiposity and inflammation play in depression. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in a Young Adult Population with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Advances in Low Resource ASR: A Deep Learning Perspective

Recently, developing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for Low Resource (LR) languages is an active research area. The research in ASR is signiﬁcantly advanced using deep learning approaches producing state-of-the-art results compared to the conventional approaches. However, it is still challenging to use such approaches for LR languages since it requires a huge amount of training data. Recently, data augmentation, multi-lingual and cross-lingual approaches, transfer learning, etc. enable training deep learning architectures. This paper presents an overview of deep learning-based approaches for building ASR for LR languages. Recent projects and events organized to support the development of ASR and related applications in this direction are also discussed. This paper could be a good motivation for the researchers interested to work towards low resource ASR using deep learning techniques. The approaches described here could be useful in other related applications, such as audio search.
Purification and activation of caprine and canine plasminogens: Comparison with human plasminogen

Objective: To unify the purification and activation of plasminogens from three different species, namely: human, caprine and canine. Materials and methods: Lysine-Sepharose 4B and sephacel DEAE were used, for affinity and ion-exchange chromatography, respectively. The N-terminal sequence was determined for both the intact and degraded plasminogens. Results: Bands of 92 kDa corresponding to native plasminogens were identified in the three species. Their N-terminal sequences were found to be EPLDDY, DPLDDY and XXLDDY for human, caprine and canine plasminogen, respectively. Furthermore, the degraded in vivo circulating plasminogens from the three species were purified and their N-terminal sequences were KVYLSE, RITLL and RIYLS for the human, caprine and canine, in that order. Conclusion: Activation of the three plasminogens confirmed the formation of the typical electrophoretic bands for human plasmin corresponding to the heavy A and the light B chains which were also identified in the caprine and canine plasmins. This new purification methodology facilitates the comparison and further elucidation of the fibrinolytic systems in mammals.
A density-functional theory study of frequency-dependent polarizabilities and Van der Waals dispersion coefficients for polyatomic molecules

A method for calculating frequency‐dependent polarizabilities and Van der Waals dispersion coefficients, which scales favorably with the number of electrons, has been implemented in the Amsterdam Density Functional package. Time‐dependent Density Functional Theory is used within the Adiabatic Local Density Approximation (ALDA). Contrary to earlier studies with this approximation, our implementation applies to arbitrary closed‐shell molecular systems. Our results for the isotropic part of the Van der Waals dispersion energy are of comparable quality as those obtained in TDCHF calculations. The ALDA results for the relative anisotropy of the dipole dispersion energy compare favorably to TDCHF and MBPT results. Two semi‐empirical ways to calculate the dispersion energy anisotropy are evaluated. Large bases which include diffuse functions are necessary for a good description of the frequency‐dependent properties considered here.
Abyssal Upwelling and Downwelling Driven by Near-Boundary Mixing

AbstractA buoyancy and volume budget analysis of bottom-intensified mixing in the abyssal ocean reveals simple expressions for the strong upwelling in very thin continental boundary layers and the interior near-boundary downwelling in the stratified ocean interior. For a given amount of Antarctic Bottom Water that is upwelled through neutral density surfaces in the abyssal ocean (between 2000 and 5000 m), up to 5 times this volume flux is upwelled in narrow, turbulent, sloping bottom boundary layers, while up to 4 times the net upward volume transport of Bottom Water flows downward across isopycnals in the near-boundary stratified ocean interior. These ratios are a direct result of a buoyancy budget with respect to buoyancy surfaces, and these ratios are calculated from knowledge of the stratification in the abyss along with the assumed e-folding height that characterizes the decrease of the magnitude of the turbulent diapycnal buoyancy flux away from the seafloor. These strong diapycnal upward and downwa.
Calibration and Validation of Swat Model for Kunthipuzha Basin Using SUFI-2 Algorithm

Model calibration is a process in which a generalized model is adjusted to represent the site specific process and conditions more realistically. Validation is the process of running a model with the parameters that were determined during calibration process with a data set which is not used for calibration. Validation should be carried out in order to build confidence whether the model represents the real system accurately or not. Calibration can be done either manually or by using auto calibration tools like SWAT-CUP. User‟s experience in modelling and recognizing parameters are the two main significant skills to achieve success in manual calibration. Whereas, automatic calibration requires only input files to be filled out once (Eckhardt and Arnold. 2001). SWAT CUP is a generic interface and stand-alone program developed for SWAT model calibration (Abbaspour et al., 2007). SWAT CUP includes several techniques such as PSO, SUFI-2, GLUE, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Effects of induced salinity on BOD5 reaction kinetics of river water samples

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a typical parameter used in assessing organic pollution strength in surface waters and is normally tested over a 5-day period at an incubation temperature of 20°C (BOD5 ). The accuracy of this constituent, in assessing organic contamination under brackish conditions has always been known to be somewhat limited as elevated concentrations of chloride (Cl - ) disrupts microbial activity from osmotic cellular degradation, causing the bottle decay rate, k1 , to be effected. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of induced salinity on k1 , with varying levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (5 – 25 ppt), towards six mildly polluted to polluted tropical river water samples. The observed variations ranged between 0.10 – 0.25/day of k1 for the stipulated samples using the Thomas graphical method for determination of the k1 rate constant. Sg. Rawang depicted the highest quantum of difference in k1, with decrement from 0.754/day (0 ppt) to 0.513/day (25 ppt), whereas Sg. Klang showed the lowest quantum, from 0.306/day (0 ppt) to 0.265/day (25 ppt).
Schistosoma mansoni: The prophylactic and curative effects ofpropolis in experimentally infected mice -

Objective: To evaluate the effect of propolis, a natural bee product on lung and liver schistosomules as well on adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni in immunosuppressed mice. Meterials and Methods: All groups were infected with 100±10 S. mansoni cercariae/mouse injected subcutaneously. Immunosuppression was induced by hydrocortisone hemisuccinate at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. intramusculary twice weekly for 8 weeks, starting 10 days before infection. Propolis was administered orally at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day, starting 5 days before infection and continued up to 45 days postinfection, to cover all stages of S. mansoni infection. Praziquantel (PZQ) was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day, on the 5th and 6th and 45th and 46th days post-infection. Results: The number of lung schistosomules showed a significant reduction of 59.22% with propolis and 98.89% with PZQ. The administration of propolis caused a marked reduction of egg counts in stool (61.8%) and tissues (49.9% and 45.8%). Propolis produced a significant reduction of 58.38% in adult worms. PZQ produced a reduction of 83.65% in adult worms and 98.38% in stool egg counts and (91.99% and 89.22% ) reductions in liver and intestine egg counts respectively. Conclusions: The effect of propolis when compared to PZQ is promising in immunosuppressed S. mansoni infected mice. (Rawal Med J 2007;32:94-98)
Tensorial Biometric Signal Recognition Based on Multilinear PCA Plus GTDA

Most of the biometric signals are naturally multi-dimensional objects, which are formally known as tensors. There is an increasing interest in the multilinear subspace analysis and many methods have been proposed to operate directly on these tensorial data during the past several years. One of these popular unsupervised multilinear algorithms is Multilinear Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) while another of the supervised multilinear algorithm is Multilinear Discriminant Analysis (MDA). Then a MPCA+MDA method has been introduced to deal with the tensorial signal and a better recognition accuracy can be obtained. However, due to the no convergence of MDA, it is difficult for MPCA+MDA to obtain a precise result. Hence, to overcome this limitation, a new MPCA plus General Tensor Discriminant Analysis (GTDA) solution with well convergence is presented for tensorial biometric signal feature extraction in this paper. Several experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of MPCA+GTDA on different databases and the results show that this method has the potential to achieve comparative effect as MPCA+MDA. In addition, some basic issues of GTDA such as initialization conditions, convergence and space dimension determination which have not been described clearly before are also discussed in detail in this paper.
Text Segmentation on Multilabel Documents: A Distant-Supervised Approach

Segmenting text into semantically coherent segments is an important task with applications in information retrieval and text summarization. Developing accurate topical segmentation requires the availability of training data with ground truth information at the segment level. However, generating such labeled datasets, especially for applications in which the meaning of the labels is user-defined, is expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we develop an approach that instead of using segment-level ground truth information, it instead uses the set of labels that are associated with a document and are easier to obtain as the training data essentially corresponds to a multilabel dataset. Our method, which can be thought of as an instance of distant supervision, improves upon the previous approaches by exploiting the fact that consecutive sentences in a document tend to talk about the same topic, and hence, probably belong to the same class. Experiments on the text segmentation task on a variety of datasets show that the segmentation produced by our method beats the competing approaches on four out of five datasets and performs at par on the fifth dataset. On the multilabel text classification task, our method performs at par with the competing approaches, while requiring significantly less time to estimate than the competing approaches.
Development of a Software to Determine Disturbances in the Acid-Base Balance in Human Blood

In intensive care units, one of the most frequent emergencies occurring in patients in critical condition is acid-base imbalance. The ability to proficiently manage such patients is achieved through many years of hospital practice. The correct quantification of such imbalances allows for the detection of complex alterations. Although this area is fundamental for the clinical management of many patients, nonspecialist doctors rarely receive the appropriate training. In addition, the learning required to master this area is dicult for doctors due to the level of mathematics involved. There are two online support programs available on the internet for determining blood pH based on the Stewart Model, along with a spreadsheet for the patient’s collected data. Generally, the calculation of hydrogen ion concentration [H + ] uses a table of equivalences between pH y [H + ] for discontinuous values of pH, with the Davenport diagram used manually. However, none of these programs unite the methods of classic calculus, chemistry and physicochemistry. This study develops software for the teaching and calculation of acid-base imbalance that combines all the relevant methods, such as the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the SiggardAnderson modified excess base equation, the anion gap calculation, the computational implementation of the Davenport diagram, the calculus of [H + ] for any value of pH, the calculus for the compensatory process, and the Stewart Model. The combined use of these methods is complementary, synergic and permits a preliminary diagnosis that interprets and understands both respiratory alterations and miniscule metabolic or mixed alterations. With this software, a doctor can identify acid-base imbalances and the occurrence of compensatory processes, such as the concentration of acid or base, in order to restore pH, while many simulations of clinical cases can be carried out in the classroom for medical training purposes.
OVERLEGALIZING HUMAN RIGHTS: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND THE COMMONWEALTH CARIBBEAN BACKLASH AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS REGIMES

This article raises the intriguing claim that international law can be overlegalized. Overlegalization occurs where a treaty's substantive rules or its review procedures are too constraining of sovereignty, causing governments to engage in acts of non-compliance or even to denounce the treaty. The concept of legalization and its potential excesses, although unfamiliar to many legal scholars, has begun to be explored by international relations theorists analyzing the effects of legal rules in changing state behavior. This article bridges the gap between international legal scholarship and international relations theory by exploring a recent case study of overlegalization. It seeks to understand why, in the late 1990s, three Commonwealth Caribbean governments denounced human rights treaties and withdrew from the jurisdiction of international tribunals. I refer to these events as the Caribbean backlash against human rights regimes. My study of this backlash has two objectives. The first is to show how overlegalizing human rights can lead even liberal democracies to reconsider their commitment to international institutions that protect those rights. The second objective is to assess three competing international relations theories that seek to explain the conditions under which states comply with their treaty commitments. To provide a more persuasive analysis of these issues, the article includes empirical data analyzing changes in the filing and review of international human rights petitions against Caribbean governments during the 1990s.
A new bulge test technique for the determination of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of thin films

A new analysis of the deflection of square and rectangular membranes of varying aspect ratio under the influence of a uniform pressure is presented. The influence of residual stresses on the deflection of membranes is examined. Expressions have been developed that allow one to measure residual stresses and Young’s moduli. By testing both square and rectangular membranes of the same film, it is possible to determine Poisson’s ratio of the film. Using standard micromachining techniques, free-standing films of LPCVD silicon nitride were fabricated and tested as a model system. The deflection of the silicon nitride films as a function of film aspect ratio is very well predicted by the new analysis. Young’s modulus of the silicon nitride films is 222 ± 3 GPa and Poisson’s ratio is 0.28 ± 0.05. The residual stress varies between 120 and 150 MPa. Young’s modulus and hardness of the films were also measured by means of nanoindentation, yielding values of 216 ± 10 GPa and 21.0 ± 0.9 GPa, respectively.
General scores for accessibility and inequality measures in urban areas

In the last decades, the acceleration of urban growth has led to an unprecedented level of urban interactions and interdependence. This situation calls for a significant effort among the scientific community to come up with engaging and meaningful visualizations and accessible scenario simulation engines. The present paper gives a contribution in this direction by providing general methods to evaluate accessibility in cities based on public transportation data. Through the notion of isochrones, the accessibility quantities proposed measure the performance of transport systems at connecting places and people in urban systems. Then we introduce scores ranking cities according to their overall accessibility. We highlight significant inequalities in the distribution of these measures across the population, which are found to be strikingly similar across various urban environments. Our results are released through the interactive platform: www.citychrone. org, aimed at providing the community at large with a useful tool for awareness and decision-making.
Cortical Bone Tissue Viscoelastic Properties and its Constitutive Equation - Preliminary Studies

In the paper, preliminary studies on formulation of a new constitutive equation of bone tissue are presented. A bone is modelled as a viscoelastic material. Thus, not only are elastic properties of the bone taken into account, but also both short-term and long-term viscoelastic properties are considered. A potential function is assumed for the bone, constant identiﬁcation on the basis of experimental stress-strain curve ﬁtting is completed and a preliminary constitutive equation is formulated. The experiments consisted of compressive tests performed on a cuboids-like bone sample of the following dimensions: 10 × 5 × 7.52 mm. The specimen was compressed along the highest dimension at the strain rates 0.016 s − 1 and 0.00016 s − 1 . In addition to this, stress relaxation test was performed to identify long-term viscoelastic constants of bone. In the experiments, only displacement in the load direction was measured. The bone sample was extracted from a bovine femur. The form of the proposed potential function is such that it models a bone as a transversely isotropic material. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the bone is incompressible. After the material constant identiﬁcation the strain energy function proved to be adequate to describe bone behaviour under compressive load. Due to the fact that the function is convex, the results of the studies can be utilised in modelling of bone tissue in ﬁnite element analyses of an implant-bone system. Such analyses are very helpful in the process of a new prosthesis design as one can preoperatively verify the construction of the new implant and optimise its shape.