Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human uncertainty improves object classification

Despite the continued improvement in deep network classifiers, humans remain the enduring gold standard for strong generalization and robustness. In this work, we show that incorporating more human-like perceptual uncertainty into classification models can help narrow this gap. In particular, we show that training state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks with human-derived distributions over labels, as opposed to ground-truth labels, improves their generalization to out-of-sample datasets and robustness to adversarial attacks. These findings suggest that more accurately capturing uncertainty over image labels is critical to forming a robust visual model of the world. To facilitate further advancements of this kind, we propose our human-derived “soft” label distributions for the CIFAR10 test set, which we call CIFAR10H, as a new benchmark.
C-reactive protein is associated with severity of thought and language dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia

Background Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and schizophrenia. However, the findings on psychotic severity and cognition remain inconsistent. The relationship between CRP and formal thought disorder in subdomains remains unclear. Methods We enrolled stable patients (defined as those who had no treatment changes during the 4-week period before evaluation) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. We used the 30-item Thought and Language Disorder (TALD) scale to evaluate thought and language dysfunction over four subscales. We assessed psychotic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We collected fasting venous blood and measured plasma CRP levels. Results We enrolled 60 patients with schizophrenia. All patients received TALD and PANSS evaluation, and 33 of them had their CRP levels checked. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that CRP levels were significantly associated with the total score on the TALD (t=2.757, P=0.010) and the TALD Objective Positive subscale (t=2.749, P=0.011), after sex, age, duration of illness (in years), and use of atypical antipsychotics were adjusted for. Additionally, CRP was significantly associated with the PANSS positive subscale (t=2.102, P=0.045). A significantly positive correlation was observed between the total scores on the TALD scale and PANSS (ρ =0.751, P<0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that abnormal CRP levels are significantly associated with formal thought and language dysfunction in the Objective Positive subdomain and positive psychotic symptoms.
Human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of breast carcinoma: a large-scale systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background Breast carcinoma (BC) is a cancer with a high morbidity rate, but the mechanisms by which it develops are never clear. There has been speculation regarding the potential relationships between breast cancer and local HPV infections for some time, and although much clinical research supports this hypothesis, some research results disprove the association. Therefore, the association is still inconclusive. Methods We performed the data collection by searching the database PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science. In addition, 22 sites were added manually. After carefully selection, the pooled odds rate of 37 included case control studies was calculated. Subgroup analysis, publication bias and trim & fill analysis were conducted to make the result more reliable. Results The analysis of 37 case control studies containing 3,607 BC cases and 1,728 controls showed obviously increase of BC risk with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive [summary odds ratio (SOR) =6.22, 95% confidence interval 4.25 to 9.12; P=0.0002]. Subgroup analysis proved three high risk HPV types (HPV16, 18 and 33) were positively correlated to BC. Conclusions This systemic review and meta-analysis provide the evidence for HPV infection as a potential risk factor in BC, while the mechanism of this hypothesis still needs further evaluation.
Percepción de la calidad del servicio prestado por los supermercados tipo hard discount (D1 y Justo & Bueno) en la ciudad de Medellín a partir del modelo Servqual.

La presente investigacion esta enfocada en la medicion de la calidad del servicio y la importancia que ha tenido la percepcion del consumidor en los supermercados. El analisis del estudio se basa en el modelo “SERVQUAL” teniendo como base los 5 constructos que hacen parte de este modelo de investigacion. En este contexto los supermercados han tenido un crecimiento significativo, por lo tanto es importante conocer la calidad del servicio y la percepcion de los clientes en los formatos hard discount (D1 y Justo & Bueno). El objetivo planteado de la investigacion fue determinar los factores criticos que inciden en la percepcion de la calidad del servicio en la ciudad de Medellin, para ello se establecio la metodologia cuantitativa, en una muestra de 140 encuestas, a hombres y mujeres de nivel socioeconomico 1 a 6, aplicando 103 encuestas para el supermercado D1 y 37 para Justo & Bueno, finalmente la informacion fue procesada mediante el programa SPSS obteniendo como resultado principal la relacion que existe entre la percepcion de la calidad del servicio y la satisfaccion del cliente, consideradas como valor agregado y aspectos fundamentales a la hora de generar experiencia y decision de compra.
ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN TECHNOLOGY BASED INDUSTRY: HOW DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MATTERS

The development of high quality human resource leads to an attainment of sustained competitive advantage is a widespread in the management literature and thus, organizations are trying to distinguish themselves on the basis of human resources and intellectual capital as major cause leading to a sustained competitive advantage. In this regard, human resource (HR) systems are acknowledged as the most important mechanism by which companies use to develop their intellectual capital and then, achieve competitive advantage. In this study, a correlation design was utilized to measure the type and the degree of correlation between HR systems, intellectual capital and competitive advantage. The results of the study demonstrate that the practices and systems of human resource management do play a significant role in the development of intellectual capital. In addition, human capital drives an organization’s strategic competitive advantage. Additionally, acquisition HR practices were found to be significantly correlated with strategic competitive advantage and thus, the findings partially support that HR systems not only affect competitive advantage through the facilitation of intellectual capital, but also represent a direct basis for the achievement of competitive advantage.
FACTORS INFLUENCING DELIVERY BY SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS AND POSTNATAL HEALTH CHECK AMONG MOTHER IN HLAING-THARYAR TOWNSHIP, MYANMAR

Introduction : Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age in Myanmar. It is generally believed by women in developing countries that pregnancy is a natural phenomenon and a part of women's reproductive functions. Problems or complications during pregnancy are also considered by such women as being natural to pregnancy. Low coverage of institutional deliveries, giving deliveries at homes without skilled provider and delays to reach to the health facilities are leading towards the vast majority of maternal deaths in Myanmar. Methods : The purpose of this study is to identify percentage of skilled birth attendant’s utilization among ever-married women (15-49 years) in Hlaing-Tharyar Township, Yangon, Myanmar. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 300 ever-married women who had delivered at least one child were selected by simple random sampling and face to face interviews were performed to them by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The structured questionnaire including socio-demographic background, history of last pregnancy, accessibility of health services, women’s autonomy and male involvement during pregnancy. Results : The study found that 65 percent of the sample used skilled birth attendants (SBAs) at delivery and the association between mother’s education, pl ace of residence, parity, number of antenatal care visits, women’s autonomy and male involvement were significantly related with using skilled birth attendant at delivery and postnatal health check. About one-third (35%) were received care from non- SBAs during delivery and the postpartum period in that township. Accessibility to health services and availability of health care personnel were not significantly associated with the use of skilled birth attendants in the delivery and postpartum of the last child. Conclusions : Findings from this study highlighted that the majority of SBAs were providing reproductive healthcare services with a certain level of quality within the limited resource setting at the study area. There was a need to increase health education activities by SBAs for the pregnant and lactating mothers especially for utilization of maternal health care services. Awareness raising activities on the contraceptive method used should also be enhanced for all lactating women.
Comprehensive investigation of the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 in sarcoma using genome-wide RNA sequencing data

Objective: The present study aims to identify the potential clinical application and molecular mechanism of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in patients with sarcomas by mining an RNA sequencing dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) through multiple genome-wide analysis approaches. Methods: A genome-wide RNA sequencing dataset was downloaded from TCGA, survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of PVT1 in sarcoma. The potential mechanism was investigated by multiple tools: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery v6.8, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Connectivity Map (CMap). Results: Comprehensive survival analysis indicated that overexpression of PVT1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with sarcoma, and nomogram demonstrated that PVT1 contributed more than other traditional clinical parameters in sarcoma survival prediction. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified ten hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sarcoma tissues with low and overexpression of PVT1, and substantiated that these DEGs have a complex co-expression network relationship. CMap analysis has identified that antipyrine, ondansetron, and econazole may be candidate targeted drugs for sarcoma patients with PVT1 overexpression. GSEA revealed that overexpression of PVT1 may be involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, tumor invasiveness and metastasis, osteoblast differentiation and development, apoptosis, nuclear factor kappa B, Wnt, and apoptotic related signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PVT1 may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with sarcoma. Its underlying mechanism is revealed by GSEA, and CMap offers three candidate drugs for the individualized targeted therapy of sarcoma patients with overexpression of PVT1.
Biobehavioral Interactions Between Stress and Alcohol

In this review, the effects of stress on alcohol drinking are discussed. The interactions between biological stress systems and alcohol drinking are examined, with a focus on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, corticotropin releasing factor, dynorphin, neuropeptide Y, and norepinephrine systems. Findings from animal models suggest that these biological stress systems may be useful targets for medications development for alcohol use disorder and co-occurring stress-related disorders in humans.
Eliminating Hidden Killers: How Can Technology Help Humanitarian Demining?

Despite twenty-first-century technological advances by Western militaries for demining and the removal of improvised explosive devices, humanitarian demining relies mostly on mid-twentieth-century technology. While international legal efforts to curb the global use of landmines have been quite successful, constraints on humanitarian demining technology mean that unfortunate and preventable deaths of both civilians and deminers continue to occur. Developing devices and technologies to help human deminers successfully and safely carry out their work is a major challenge. Each phase of the physical demining process (i.e., vegetation clearance, mine detection, and removal) can benefit from the development of demining technologies. However, even with the prospect of “smart” demining technology, the human aspect of supervision remains a crucial challenge. Although current research and development hold promise for the future of humanitarian demining, the barriers to progress in the field are more than technical. The prioritization of military operations, a lack of coordination between governments and humanitarian actors, a tendency towards secrecy, and an underlying lack of funding are just some of the roadblocks to eliminating the yearly death toll associated with humanitarian demining, in addition to other impacts on post-conflict societies. This paper calls for new ideas, renewed innovation, and new sources of governmental and non-governmental support for this often-neglected aspect of international security.
Biomarkers of Fatigue: Ranking Mental Fatigue Susceptibility

Abstract : This is the mental fatigue susceptibility ranking portion of a study seeking to determine metabolic biomarkers for resistance to fatigue. A total of 23 paid subjects completed a fatigue protocol involving informed consent, medical screening, Tuesday and Wednesday evening training on cognitive tasks, providing five urine samples (beginning with a Friday morning baseline), refresher training, and an experimental session (with six, four hour long blocks) starting Friday evening. Subjects showed the expected declines in performance during the 36-hour, 15-minute period of sleep deprivation without caffeine. The simple change from baseline results on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) is recommended as the primary classifier for mental fatigue susceptibility. The next part of the study will use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS) of the urine samples to determine if biomarkers are indicators of mental fatigue susceptibility.
Associations between blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow impairments assessed with phase-contrast MRI and brain damage in patients with age-related cerebral small vessel disease

Hemodynamic parameters of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow can be measured in vivo using phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI). This opens new horizons for studying the mechanisms implicated in the development and progression of age-related cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). In this paper, we analyze associations between cerebral arterial, venous and CSF flow impairments and SVD features visible on MRI. The study was carried out in 96 patients with SVD (aged 60.91 ± 6.57 years) and 23 healthy volunteers (59.13 ± 6.56 years). The protocol of the MRI examination included routine MRI sequences (T2, FLAIR, T1, SWI, and DWI) applied to assess the severity of brain damage according to STRIVE advisory standards and PC-MRI used to quantify blood flow in the major arteries and veins of the neck, the straight and upper sagittal sinuses, and CSF flow at the aqueduct level. We analyzed the associations between linear and volumetric parameters of blood/CSF flow and the degree of brain matter damage using the Fazekas scale. We observed a reduction in tABF, stVBF, sssVBF, aqLF, Saq, and ICC values and a rise in Pi associated with WMH progression, as well as a gradual decline in tABF and an increase in Pi, Saq and ICC associated with a growing number of lacunes (р < 0.05). Patients with early (< 5) MB had lower sssVBF and stVBF rates in comparison with patients without MB; aqLF, Saq, and ICC values were elevated in patients with 5 to 10 MB, as compared to patients without MB or early (< 5) MB. The established associations between MRI findings in patients with SVD and blood/CSF flow impairments suggest the important role of mechanisms implicated in the disruption of Monro–Kellie intracranial homeostasis in promoting SVD.
Material Flow and Spatial Data Analysis of the Petroleum Use to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in Northeast China

This study investigated the petroleum consumption and petroleum‐related CO2 emissions (PCOEs) in Northeast China at city level using material flow analysis (MFA) and spatial data analysis (SDA). The petroleum flows for the year 2014 were plotted, and then the spatial patterns, weighted mean centers (WMCs), and spatial autocorrelations of petroleum consumption and PCOEs were calculated, respectively. It was found that Northeast China is a petroleum exploitation‐processing‐export region in China; the total input of petroleum flows comprised two parts—exploitation (about 60%) and import (about 40%). About one third of the total product oil supply flowed into other provinces. In the consumption process, the product oil was dominated by two sectors: the industry sector (45.5%) and the transportation sector (31%). The rate of PCOEs was 36.69 million tonnes in the waste discharge process. Meanwhile, the WMCs of the petroleum consumption and the PCOEs were located in the south of Northeast China. The location of the petroleum pipelines was the factor shown to determine the spatial patterns of petroleum consumption and PCOEs and the hotspots were distributed along the petroleum pipeline, especially in the Circum‐Bohai Sea regions. Economic development in these regions shows a positive dependence on petroleum consumption and generates larger PCOEs. The findings obtained in this study could provide important decision‐making support to low‐carbon development in Northeast China.
The Impacts of Collaboration on Relational Performance:Evidence from Furniture SMEs in a Developing Country

Business and marketing literature has documented collaboration improves performance in the supply chain context, including within small-medium enterprises (SMEs). However, little studies have been done in capturing the impact of collaboration on relational performance and the linkage paths among them. In addition, little has been done in the context of developing economies. This study aims to fill the voids by empirically investigating the impact of collaboration on relational performance between small-medium furniture manufacturers and their retailers at Jepara District, a main furniture cluster in Indonesia. Researches reveal furniture SMEs across Jepara experience continuous drawback and as such collaboration may become a solution. Using Structural Equation Modeling analysis on 199 usable responses, the study finds collaboration influences firm’s agility, relational performance, and opportunism. On the contrary, agility and opportunism do not influence relational performance. This likely indicates manufacturers prefer to collaborate with their retailers even in a minimum level, regardless the presence of risks from opportunism. The absence of the influence of opportunism and agility on relational performance provides avenue for future research.
The interest of the Padang community towards halal products

The emphasis on the importance of halal products is now growing. This quickly became a new market power and brand identifier and now moved to the main market, influencing and changing perceptions of how business should be done, including from a marketing standpoint. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of reasoned action theory (TRA) in predicting interest in halal products among the Padang community. By using multiple regression analysis tools, there is evidence that subjective attitudes and norms have a positive and significant effect on public interest in halal products in the Padang community.
Chediak Higashi Syndrome masquerading as acute leukemia / storage disorder - A rare case report

Chediak higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with a defect in granule morphogenesis with giant lysosomes in leucocyte and other cells. CHS is a rare disease, approximately 200 cases have been reported so far. It was described in detail by Chediak in 1952 and Higashi in 1954. 1½ year old male child presented with multiple hypopigment patches on lower extremities, light colored hair, Hepatosplenomegaly and generalised Lymphadenopathy. PBS shows giant prominent liliac to purple granules in neutrophils, band forms, few lymphocytes and monocytes. Bone marrow is hypercellular showing giant prominent gray blue to purple heterogeneous granules often multiple seen in many myeloid precursors, Neutrophils, few lymphocytes and monocytes. Occasional lymphocytes shows single giant liliac inclusions. Erythropoiesis, myeloid series and Megakaryocytes are mildly increased. Hemophagocytosis noted. CHS is characterised by partial oculocutaneous albinism, frequent fatal bacterial infections, bleeding diathesis and peripheral + Cranial nerve palsies. This disorder further culminates into accelerated phase (Lymphoproliferative Syndrome) progressing into pancytopenia. CHS is due to single gene mutation in LYST (CHS) gene localized to 1q chromosome. The diagnostic hallmark of CHS is presence of giant purple to blue violet inclusions in leucocytes. In this study granules are more prominent in Bone marrow than in PBS correlating well with previous studies. Approximately 85% of the cases, of CHS culminates into Accelerated phase showing Lymphohistiocytic infiltration progressing to pancytopenia and death due to infection. The very rare nature of this disease and its grave prognosis merits its reporting.
Mosquito species and age influence thermal performance of traits relevant to malaria transmission

Models predicting disease transmission are a vital tool in the control of mosquito populations and malaria reduction as they can target intervention efforts. We compared the performance of temperature-dependent transmission models when mosquito life history traits were allowed to change across the lifespan of Anopheles stephensi, the urban malaria mosquito, to models parameterized with commonly derived estimates of lifetime trait values. We conducted an experiment on adult female An. stephensi to generate daily per capita values for lifespan, egg production, and biting rate at six constant temperatures. Both temperature and age significantly affected trait values. Further, we found quantitative and qualitative differences between temperature-trait relationships estimated based on daily rates versus directly observed lifetime values. Incorporating these temperature-trait relationships into an expression governing transmission suitability, relative R0(T), model resulted in minor differences in the breadth of suitable temperatures for Plasmodium falciparum transmission between the two models constructed from only An. stephensi trait data, but a substantial increase in breadth compared to a previously published model consisting of trait data from multiple mosquito species. Overall this work highlights the importance of considering how mosquito trait values vary with mosquito age and mosquito species when generating temperature-based environmental suitability predictions of transmission.