Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic expansion and information criteria

Dedicated to Professor Minoru Siotani on his 80th birthday Abstract. For statistical models including continuous time stochastic pro- cesses, two types of information criteria based on the expected Kullback-Leibler information are proposed. The information criteria are applied to the evaluation of various types of statistical models and they are generally different from the results proposed in Uchida and Yoshida (33), which are based on the estimated Kullback-Leibler information. As an example, we present two information cri- teria for ergodic diffusion processes. AMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 62B10, 62E20, 62M05, 60H07.
Temperature and Angular Dependence of Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) Signal of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) Thin Film Using FMR Technique

This research study was aimed at determining the temperature dependence of Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR), the recorded signal versus angle and the magnetic property of the 15 uc thick La 0.7Sr0. 3MnO3 (LSMO) thin film sample on a single crystalline SrTiO 3 (STO) substrate at 150 K and 9.75 GHz using ferromagnetic resonance technique. We observed from the Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) spectra at various temperatures (150, 200 and 250 K, respectively) that as the temperature increases, the FMR spectra shifts to higher fields and this might be as a result of transition into the ferromagnetic state. The recorded signal versus the angle showed an unusual phenomenon at all temperatures (150, 200 and 250 K, respectively) and this might be due to shape effects and other contributing factors such as misfit strain and crystal misfit in the LSMO thin film. The plot of resonance field versus the in-plane angle showed a spectrum which was sinusoidal-like in nature with maximum and minimum curvatures. The resonance position and the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of the 15 uc thick LSMO thin film were 718.15 and 561.45 Oe, respectively. The 15 uc thick LSMO thin film displayed ferromagnetic resonance at 150, 200 and 250 K, respectively and this has been confirmed using the surface plot.
High angular resolution detection of β Pictoris b at 2.18 μm

Context. A giant planet was recently discovered around the young star β Pictoris. This planet is the closest to its parent star ever imaged. With an estimated mass of about 9 M Jup and separation of 8–15 AU, it explains most of the peculiarities of β Pictoris and its disk.Aims. Previous detections were made in the L ′ band (3.8 μ m) and at 4.05 μ m. We recorded new K s -band data (2.18 μ m) in order to measure its color and get an additional estimate of its mass and effective temperatureMethods. Angular differential K s -band images of β Pictoris were recorded with NaCo in March and April 2010.Results. The companion is detected at K s . This independently confirms the physical nature of β Pictoris b inferred from the L ′ and NB_4.05 bands. The increase of the projected separation between October–December 2009 and April 2010 observations is consistent within error bars with the expected orbital motion. Using the absolute K s photometry, “hot start” evolutionary models predict a mass of 7–11 M Jup in agreement with previous estimates. Moreover, this mass is compatible with T eff = 1700 ± 300 K derived from the comparison of the K s − L ′ color with those generated using synthetic spectra.
E-crimes: An Application of Neutralization Theory

Studies have argued that misbehavior of consumers is becoming increasingly prevalent in certain sectors. However, online consumer misbehavior is comparatively under-researched. The focus of the current study is peer-to-peer activities, including copying music, movies, software or video games: a phenomenon which affects the entertainment sector as a whole and costs the industry billions of pounds each year. Neutralization theory provides a potentially fruitful perspective from which to explore consumer justifications and rationalizations for their online misbehavior. The aim of this paper is to explore the extent to which peer-to-peer users employ techniques of neutralization to justify prior-to behavior or rationalize their activities post behavior. First, a review of online customer misbehavior is provided, followed by an overview of existing research into the techniques of neutralization. Following a discussion of the research methods employed, findings regarding the peer-to-peer online misbehaviors and neutralization techniques are presented. Data analysis reveals that peer-to-peer filesharers employ (often multiple) techniques of neutralization in order to pre-justify or post-event rationalize their activities, including: denial of victim; denial of injury; denial of responsibility; claim of normality; claim of relative acceptability; justification by comparison; and appeal to higher loyalties. The paper concludes with a series of implications for both theory and practice.
Sentiment Analysis and Classification for Product Review in Social Networks

: Opinion mining has gained increasing attention and shown great practical value in recent years. Extracting opinion words and targets is a main task in opinion mining. For the purpose of customer and business perspective, the task of scanning these reviews manually is computational burden. Hence, to process reviews automatically and summarizing them in suitable form is more efficient. The distinguished problem of producing opinion summary addresses is how to determine the mood, and opinion expressed in the review with respect to a numerical feature value. This paper proposes a novel approach with a hybrid algorithm which combines Expectation Maximation (EM) algorithm. It focus on the main task of opinion mining called as opinion summarization. The extraction of product feature, technical feature value and opinion are critical for opinion summarization as they affect the performance significantly. The proposed approach consists of a software system in which mining of product feature, technical feature value and opinion is performed. The main motto of this software system is to recognize the technical feature value depending on review, which the reviews are summarized. This software is helpful for humans to understand the technical values expressed in the reviews. It represent relations between opinion words and targets, which is employed to measure the confidence of each candidate from opinion words and targets datasets. The words or targets with high confidence are kept in their respective datasets and the rest are removed as false results which are used to refine extraction rules. k-nearest neighbor classifier - used for classify the extracted data’s in a opinion mining. Experimental results Shows the effectiveness of proposed method and finally, candidates with higher confidence are extracted as opinion targets or opinion words.
A Survey in Recent Trends and Techniques in Image Segmentation

Splitting up an image into multiple segments in order to change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze is known as image segmentation. For image segmentation many algorithms and techniques have been developed. This paper analyses different segmentation techniques to reduce the computational complexity of processor in the field of image segmentation, we are specially focusing on Mean Shift Algorithm. The composition of segmentation methodologies proposes for digital image processing is explained briefly. Various techniques are mentioned in this paper that are applied in very advance mission of identification of object or region image.
An energy circulation driving surface acoustic wave motor

Low power driving method, namely, energy circulation drive of surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor is reported here. The maximum no-load speed and the maximum output force were 0.82 m/s and 3.4 N when the driving power was 20 W. The driving power was only a half of non-circulation drive for same performances. Mechanical output power of the actuator was estimated to be 0.62 W.
The contribution of sport to national pride and well-being: An international perspective

As well as being a growing academic literature, SWB is now firmly on the public policy agenda. Likewise, the sports industry is viewed as being of growing economic significance, reflected in its promotion in public policy. This paper explores the impact of engagement with sports on individual subjective well-being (SWB) for a sample of 34 countries. Engagement with sports is defined to include formal and informal participation, as well as attendance at sports events. It is hypothesized that one dimension of SWB associated with sports by individuals in a country is the pride felt by them as a result of international sports success. To provide a robust account of the determinants of these dimensions of SWB a variety of estimators are employed that also account for any feedback between them. Account is also taken of different country level effects on the impacts. Controlling for standard covariates associated with SWB the results suggest that all forms of sports engagement enhance SWB. However, it is suggested that there is also an indirect impact of pride felt from international sporting success on SWB. Crucially, these effects are, in part, determined by formal participation in sport, or attendance at sport events but not informal participation. Further, there is some evidence that pride has a strong country-level dimension. A further interesting policy dilemma raised by the research is that passive engagement at sports is more likely to raise SWB.
The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 depth-age scale : Methods and results

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) depth-age scale is presented based on a multiparameter continuous count approach, to a depth of 2800 m, using a systematic combination of parameters that have never been used to this extent before. The ice at 2800 m is dated at 110,000 years B.P. with an estimated error ranging from 1 to 10% in the top 2500 m of the core and averaging 20% between 2500 and 2800 m. Parameters used to date the core include visual stratigraphy, oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice, electrical conductivity measurements, laser-light scattering from dust, volcanic signals, and major ion chemistry. GISP2 ages for major climatic events agree with independent ages based on varve chronologies, calibrated radiocarbon dates, and other techniques within the combined uncertainties. Good agreement also is obtained with Greenland Ice Core Project ice core dates and with the SPECMAP marine timescale after correlation through the δ 18 O of O 2 . Although the core is deformed below 2800 m and the continuity of the record is unclear, we attempted to date this section of the core on the basis of the laser-light scattering of dust in the ice.
Using the Emotion Word Fluency Test as a Means for Identifying and Predicting Depression in Collegiate Athletes

There has been increasing media attention with regards to sports-related concussions, particularly on depression following injury. While extensive research has been done on proper neurological testing to identify concussed athletes, little research has been conducted to identify and predict depression post-concussion. This research utilizes an affective-based measure, the Emotion Word Fluency Test (EWFT), to objectively identify depression in collegiate athletes at Penn State University. To do this, the test was statistically analyzed in relation to another validated affective-based measure, the Affective Word List (AWL), as well as a self-report PostConcussion Symptom Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory Fast-Screen (BDI-FS). All tests were a part of Penn State’s neuropsychological concussion program, and athletes were administered all tests as baseline measures. In total, 160 participants completed the battery. Overall, it was found that the EWFT was significantly correlated with the AWL (p < 0.05), and there was a statistical trend for the correlation with the BDI-FS. In addition, the EWFT Positive Bias group (those who generated more positive than negative words) showed significantly higher BDI-FS scores when compared to the Negative Bias group (those who generated more negative than positive words). Finally, it was found that AWL and EWFT Positive and Negative Bias groups were significantly related as well. These findings suggest that the EWFT is a valid performance based measure for screening negative mood in collegiate athletes. Still, this research is preliminary, and additional studies with greater and more diverse populations are necessary to generalize the results. Future studies should also explore the use of the EWFT as a depression measure as part of a post-concussion battery as well.
Supporting differentiated classes of service in Ethernet passive optical networks

Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) are being designed to deliver multiple services and applications, such as voice communications, standard and high-definition video (STV and HDTV), video conferencing (interactive video), real-time and near-real-time transactions, and data traffic. To support these applications with their diverse requirements, EPONs need to have class-of-service (CoS) mechanisms built in. Here we investigate how the Multipoint Control Protocol (MPCP)—an EPON transmission arbitration mechanism—can be combined with a strict (exhaustive) priority scheduling that is a default scheduling algorithm specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1D standard. Specifically, packet delays for different classes of traffic are analyzed. We find that the queuing delay for lower-priority classes increases when the network load decreases (a phenomenon we call light-load penalty). We also suggest and analyze two different optimization schemes that eliminate the light-load penalty.
PV Cell based Single Stage Step-Up or Step-Down DC–AC Converter

Single stage Buck/Boost inverter is an converter which performs two actions in a single stage. It boosts the DC voltage and invert to AC in a single stage. In Conventional two stage converter there will be two stages. The first stage will be a boost or buck boost DC-AC converter which is meant for conditioning and leveling the DC voltage approximately to invert to AC voltage required. The second stage will be an inverter, to invert the DC output obtained from first stage to AC voltage. This paper presents a new step-up/step-down DC-AC converter which is having application where an instantaneous voltage higher or lower than input DC voltage is required. It consists of one switching cell including two switches, two diodes, one inductor, and one capacitor on each inverter leg. Validating the theoretical analysis, a prototype was designed, built, and tested for an output rated power of 1 kW, a dc input voltage of 96Vdc , and output voltage of 110 V rms. Furthermore, the fundamental output frequency was established at 60 Hz and the switching frequency at 20 kHz. Computer simulation by MATLAB/ SIMULINK has been used to support the developed concept. Keywords: DC–AC converter; switching cell; Switched Capacitor circuit; Switched Capacitor
Testing the Arbitrage Pricing Theory on Karachi Stock Exchange

The aims of the study is to test the validity of arbitrage pricing theory (APT) in Pakistani Economy using macroeconomic factors and identifying the most relevant macroeconomic factors that are helpful in explaining variation in the stock returns. Moreover, study also reveals the extent to which identified factors explain variation in stock returns. The study has important implications for Pakistani investors to move from CAPM to APT (A more reliable measure of risk premium) for estimation of risk premium while scaling their required rates of returns. Four macroeconomic variables (Inflation, Exchange Rate, Money Supply (M1) and Oil Prices) are identified using pre-specified macroeconomic variable approach. Exchange rate is taken as Pak Rupee against US Dollar. Convenience sampling technique is used to locate the sample and 26 companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) constitute the sample for this study. Monthly data for all macroeconomic variables and stock prices of the sampled companies is collected over a period of 5 years (2004-2008). Data is scaled by calculating the percentage returns to facilitate the comparison. Regression is run for all 26 companies individually using stock return as dependent variable and all the macroeconomic factors as independent variables. This yielded the sensitivity of stock prices to each macroeconomic variable (beta) for all the companies in sample. Using these beta coefficients, the projected values of stock returns for sample period are calculated. One sample t-test is used to compare the actual and projected stock returns. The results showed no significant difference between two value sets. Thus we concluded that the outcome of Arbitrage Pricing Theory is much similar to actual one and APT is efficient enough to predict the future stock returns, hence its validity is supported. This study has limitations for example the convenience sampling technique may not be the appropriate to generalize the results. However if comparatively large sample is taken from each sector and
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title The importance of earthquake interactions for injection-induced seismicity : Retrospective modeling of the Basel Enhanced Geothermal System Permalink

We explore the role of earthquake interactions during an injection-induced seismic sequence. We propose a model, which considers both a transient pressure and static stress redistribution due to event interactions as triggering mechanisms. By calibrating the model against observations at the Enhanced Geothermal System of Basel, Switzerland, we are able to reproduce the time behavior of the seismicity rate. We observe that considering earthquake interactions in the modeling leads to a larger number of expected seismic events (24% more) if compared to a pressure-induced seismicity only. The increase of the number of events is particularly evident after the end of the injection. We conclude that implementing a model for estimating the static stress changes due to mutual event interactions increases significantly the understanding of the process and the behavior of induced seismicity.
Mapping the global potential exposure of soaring birds to terrestrial wind energy expansion

The wind energy sector is steadily growing, and the number of wind turbines is expected to expand across large areas of the globe in the near future. While the development of wind energy can contribute to mitigating climate change, it also poses challenges to wildlife, particularly birds, due to increased collision risk with wind turbines. Here we quantify and map potential conflicts between the potential for wind energy development and the distribution of terrestrial soaring birds. We explore the relationship between species traits (including body mass, migration ecology and extinction risk) and exposure to potential wind energy development, and identified areas of potential conflict between wind power production and soaring bird conservation. We considered the full range of each species, as well as separately analyzing the breeding, non-breeding and passage ranges for migratory species. We show that exposure to potential wind energy development is similar for soaring and non-soaring bird species.
Biomarkers in Mild Stages of Alzheimer’s disease: Utility in clinical practice and their relation with nutritional and lifestyle factors

Background : The use of biomarkers in basic and clinical research as well as in clinical practice has become so common that their presence as primary endpoints in clinical trials is now accepted. A biomarker refers to a broad subcategory of medical signs. The aims of this article are to consider the of use biomarkers in Mild stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in research and clinical settings, in addition to defining their utility in clinical practice relating this with nutritional and lifestyle factors as possible treatment. Methods : We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and AgeLine databases using different keywords. Conclusions : A summary of the utility of biomarkers in AD and nutritional and lifestyle factors used as treatment in mild stages are described. Key words : Biomarkers, Alzheimer’s disease , Dementia, Utility, Clinical practice, Nutritional
The Vocabulary Performance of Native and Non-Native Speakers and Its Relationship to Learning Style

One of the ways in which non-native speakers differ from native speakers is that the former tend to be more unpredictable in their use of vocabulary. This study explores how the learning style of second language learners may be associated with this variability. The participants were first year university students of engineering. Vocabulary from their report writing was analysed for the amount of lexical recycling which occurs in their texts. This was done by using a measure of lexical diversity which calculates a mathematical curve fitting procedure to model the fall of the type-token ratio in order to give a value, parameter D. Learning style was based on Skehan’s (1998) memory-analysis framework. The participants were tested for associative memory of unfamiliar words and grammatical sensitivity of an unknown language. The results suggest that L2 learners who show extreme lexical diversity (either high recycling or low recycling of vocabulary), are related to low grammatical awareness and high associative memory. The implication for teaching and learning is that although non-native speakers of English may use technical vocabulary in a quantitatively similar manner to native speakers, some may need to notice the complexity and coherence in L2.
Bakery Product Perception and Purchase Intention of Indonesian Consumers in Taiwan

The goal of this study is to develop a better understanding of the perceptions of Indonesian consumers concerning the purchase of bakery products in Taiwan, which can be used as a basis for developing more effective strategic marketing plans in this sector. There are more than 200,000 Indonesians residing in Taiwan, and more effective marketing plans could benefit Taiwanese bakery owners. The sample population for this study was 400 Indonesian consumers residing in Taiwan. The findings reveal that product characteristics (PC) and perceived price (PP) had a significant influence on perceived quality (PQ) and consumers’ purchase intention (PI), but perceived servicescape (PS) had no significant influence on PQ and PI. The findings confirm that PQ does not mediate the impact of PC, PS, and PP on the purchase intention of Indonesian consumers living in Taiwan. This study pioneers marketing insights and contributes to an understanding of the key factors that influence Indonesian consumers’ purchase intention in the Taiwan market.