Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a Stirred-Cell Reactor Operated Semicontinuously for the Kinetic Study of Fast Direct Ozonation Reactions by Reactive Absorption

A jacketed stirred-cell reactor, operated semicontinuously, was used to assess the kinetics of fast ozonation reactions by reactive absorption. The method was applied to the direct ozone reaction with resorcinol. A high resorcinol concentration was used to reach a steady state and to neglect byproduct accumulation. Thus, the mass-transfer rate and, consecutively, the reaction rate were deduced from the ozone mass balance in the gas phase. The gas- and liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficients were previously measured directly through ozone absorption under appropriate conditions. The results emphasized the high sensitivity of the reaction rate constant to the ozone physicochemical properties, especially its solubility, which is controversial in the literature. Therefore, several correlations used to calculate the ozone solubility in water were considered to calculate the second-order reaction rate constant, which varied from 3.57–4.68 × 105 L mol–1 s–1 at 20 °C to 9.50–12.2 × 105 L mol–1 s–1 at 35 °C. The a.
Astrolabe alternative learning based on software and interactive application

Technology-based Teaching and Learning (T&L) is currently a highly discussed matter. Using technology as optimally and maximally as possible in the T&L process is seen to be greatly effective for both students and teachers. This research discusses alternative learning of astrolabe science using software and interactive application. This is qualitative research using content analysis and observation approach. Research results find that some software and interactive application, free or with fees payable, may be used in the T&L process relating to the astrolabe. It is hoped that this research may be helpful for students to understand the use of astrolabe for observation activities and calculations in astronomy, at once improving progress in the development of astronomy in Malaysia.
NestNet: a multiscale convolutional neural network for remote sensing image change detection

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of remote sensing technologies, the frequency of observations of the same location is increasing, and many satellites and sensors produced a large amount of time series images. These images make long-term change detection and dynamic characteristic estimation of ground features possible. However, conventional remote sensing image change detection methods mostly rely on manual visual interpretation and supervised or unsupervised computer-aided classification. Traditional methods always face many bottlenecks when processing big and fast-growing datasets, such as low computational efficiency, low level of automation, and different identification standards and accuracies caused by different operators. With the rapid accumulation of remote sensing data, it has become an important but more challenging task to conduct change detection in a more precise, automated and standardized way. The development of geointelligent computing technologies provides a means of solving these problems and improve the accuracy and efficiency of remote sensing image change detection. In this paper, we presented a novel deep learning model called nest network(NestNet) based on a convolutional neural network to improve the accuracy of the automatic change detection task by using remotely sensed time series images. NestNet extracts the respective features of bi-temporal images using an encoding parallel module and subsequently employs absolute different operations to process the features of two images. Compared with change detection method based on U-Shaped network plus plus (UNet++), the parallel module improves the efficiency of NestNet. Finally, a decoding module is used to generate a predicted change image. This paper compares NestNet to traditional methods and state-of-the-art deep learning models on two datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of NestNet is better than that of state-of-the-art methods. It can be concluded that the NestNet model is a potential approach for change detection using high resolution remote sensing images.
Robustification of fault detection algorithm in a three‐phase induction motor using MCSA for various single and multiple faults

K. C. Deekshit Kompella, EEE Department, SNIST, Hyderabad, India. Email: kkcd10@gmail.com Abstract Fault diagnosis in induction machines, particularly at a premature stage, has become necessary to avoid unexpected interruption of the industrial process. Moreover, a reliable and cost‐effective fault detection process is highly essential to avoid inappropriate shut down of the machine. Thus, a critical comparison is done between two popular pre‐fault component cancellation techniques and a reliability test is performed to develop a robust algorithm for fault diagnosis in three‐phase induction motor. To achieve this, various single and multiple faults experienced by induction motor are created and tested to examine the effectiveness of developed algorithm. Evaluation of the proposed topology based on motor current signature analysis is done by repeating the process for several times and tested for consistency. As a part of this, various feature extraction parameters are computed and compared to identify the best estimate of fault and its seriousness. The proposed technique is examined in MATLAB and LabVIEW environment and experiments on a three‐phase, 1.5‐kW induction motor.
A New Route to Phenols: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization and Oxidation of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Ketones

We report a new strategy for the synthesis of phenols from acyclic unsaturated ketones in one pot. The reaction proceeds by palladium‐catalyzed carbopalladation of an alkene with the enol form of the tethered ketone, generating a substituted cyclohexanone. Upon introduction of a terminal oxidant a palladium‐catalyzed oxidation ensues to give the desired phenol. This approach allows the programming of phenol substituents on the acyclic substrate and therefore circumvents the limitations inherent in traditional syntheses of phenols.
Flow modelling to quantify structural control on CO2 migration and containment, CCS South West Hub, Australia

In order to reduce uncertainties around CO2 containment for the South West Hub CCS site (Western Australia), conceptual fault hydrodynamic models were defined and numerical simulations were carried out. These simulations model worst-case scenarios with a plume reaching a main compartment-bounding fault near the proposed injection depth and at the faulted interface between the primary and secondary containment interval. The conceptual models incorporate host-rock and fault properties accounting for fault-zone lithology, cementation and cataclastic processes but with no account made for geomechanical processes as the risk of reactivation is perceived as low. Flow simulations were performed to assess cross-fault and upfault migration in the case of plume–faults interaction. Results near the injection depth suggest that the main faults are likely to experience a significant reduction in transmissivity and impede CO2 flow. This could promote the migration of CO2 vertically or along the stratigraphic dip. Results near the interface between the primary and secondary containment intervals show that none of the main faults would critically control CO2 flow nor would they act as primary leakage pathways. CO2 flow is predicted to be primarily controlled by the sedimentological morphology. The presence of baffles in the secondary containment interval is expected to be associated with local CO2 accumulations; additional permeability impacts introduced by faults are minor. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection. org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage
Plant Derivatives as Promising Materials for Processing and Packaging of Meat‐Based Products – Focus on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects

Oxidation is a growing concern for quality deterioration of meat and meat products as it adversely affects sensory and nutritional quality. Various synthetic oxidants have been used as counter agents to prevent oxidation in meat and meat products but the application of these compounds has been questioned due to their safety concerns. Nowadays consumers have become health conscious and they demand for healthier products. The consumption of meat and meat products has declined because of the added synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials which are believed to have toxicological effects. Keeping this in view research is being carried out to find out novel natural products which could provide a good alternate to synthetic compounds. Various natural materials from different sources have been used in meat and meat products and exhibited similar or stronger effects as compared to synthetic compounds. This review highlights recent advances of plant derivatives as antioxidants or antimicrobials applied to meat and meat products directly or as active packaging. Practical Applications The review covered all the successfully utilized plant based derivates which have been used in meat products for the development of healthier and shelf stable meat products. Bioactive packaging technologies for extended shelf life of meat-based products were also highlighted in this review. This compilation of different researches related to value addition in meat products will be handy to the researchers to receive knowledge from a single resource. From the industrial point of view it will be easy to sort out the best research from a single document. These technologies if successfully utilized could improve the product quality and help meat industries to meet consumer demands for healthier meat products.
Biosorption of acid blue 113 dyes using dried Lemna minor biomass

Industrial wastewater is one of the major environmental pollutants. Discharge of the colorful industrial waste into the receptive waters leads to eutrophication and has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the removal of acid blue 113 (AB113) from aqueous solutions by dried Lemna minor. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Harkins- Jura isotherm models. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.96 mg/g at temperature 333 K. The dimensionless separation factor RL revealed the favorable nature of the isotherm of the AB113-Lemna minor system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity increases with increasing temperature then the adsorption is an endothermic process. The results proved that the Lemna minor was an effective adsorbent for removal of AB113 from aqueous.
Robust laser stripe extraction for 3D measurement of complex objects

Laser stripe center extraction is a critical step for a structured-light system, which plays an important role in industrial fields. However, existing center extraction methods are mainly for simple objects, where the stripe contours are relatively clear and no fake stripe areas caused by surface texture or surface reflection disturb the extraction of the real stripe area. To develop center extraction methods for complex objects, this paper proposed a new laser stripe extraction method based on the features of the laser stripe. After extracting seed points of the laser stripe using an extreme value method and connected component analysis, we can determine the stripe directions from the seed points and iteratively grow the centerline of the laser stripe. Finally, a gray-gravity method is used to extract the accurate center points of the laser stripe based on the obtained centerline. Experiments on 2D image laser stripe extraction and real 3D reconstruction application verified the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Design and analysis of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer using high coupling PMN-PT single crystal thin film for ultrasound imaging

Due to its higher frequency, improved impedance matching, and easy formation of array, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) has drawn much attentions for application in ultrasound imaging. In this paper, PMUT based on [011] poled 0.70Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.30PbTiO3 (PMN-0.30PT) single crystal thin film was proposed and modeled by performing finite element method. Influences of different configurations of top electrode shape and bottom cavity shape on PMUT performance were studied. The investigation results show that the resonant frequency of PMN-PT-based PMUT with circular top electrode and square bottom cavity is up to 27.155 MHz. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient ( keff2) of PMUT was up to 2.32%, which was 127% larger than that of lead zirconate titanate-based PMUT. The static transmitting sensitivity was three times enhancement compared to PMUT with square top electrode and square bottom cavity. Furthermore, acoustic field characteristics of PMUT and PMUT arrays based on PMN-PT in water were investigated. The relative pulse-echo sensitivity level of 2 × 2 PMUT array was −35 dB with the reflector at 200 μm. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed PMN-PT-based PMUT can achieve high frequency and large keff2 as well as considerable sensitivity, which is promising for application in high resolution ultrasound imaging.
A programmable origami-inspired webbed gripper

Origami-inspired design is becoming an innovative approach to create functional mechanisms with a variety of attractive features including scalability, programmability and simplicity. This paper presents the design of a webbed-foot-inspired gripper by employing a novel origami webbing structure, which is generated by strategically integrating several elementary Miura-ori and waterbomb-ori modules. The grasping behaviour of the proposed webbed gripper can be accustomed through rearranging the 2D crease pattern of the origami webbing by taking advantage of shape and kinematic programmability for each elementary module. And based on the rigid panels and joints, a comprehensive quantitative approach to achieve specific grasping performance is performed in terms of closed extendable configuration and enclose input angle. The origami webbing can be fabricated from a single flat paper sheet and deploy along a straight path symmetrically together with supporting skeletons. A sample webbed gripper activated with cables is designed to exhibit potential applications, and primary experimental work focusing on object grasping capability is carried out. The results demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the origami-inspired webbed gripper design, and numerous novel origami webbing structures can be developed based on this construction strategy.
Recent progress on carbon and metal based electrocatalysts for vanadium redox flow battery

Attractive features of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) such as long durability, easy scalability, and low levelized cost of energy have influenced its prominence in the sectors where renewable energy is to be stored at a large scale. However, viability of VRFB to be used for a wide‐range of applications such as household electrification, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and so on has been limited by its low power density. In principle, the power density of VRFB is dependent upon rate of electrochemical reaction on the electrode. The electrochemical properties of the electrode can be improved either by pretreatment of the electrode or by depositing electrocatalyst on the electrode. The use of electrocatalyst helps to lower overpotential losses and reduces the charge‐transfer resistance, which results the VRFB to operate at higher current densities. This review discusses the development and progress of carbon and metal‐based electrocatalyst that have been used for VRFB applications.
Development of a Green Process for the Preparation of Antioxidant and Pigment-Enriched Extracts from Winery Solid Wastes Using Response Surface Methodology and Kinetics

Red grape pomace (RGP), an abundant wine industry solid waste, was used for the recovery of polyphenols and anthocyanin pigments, using ultrasound-assisted extraction and water/glycerol mixtures as the solvent. Glycerol concentration (Cgl) and liquid-to-solid ratio (RL/S) were first optimized by implementing Box−Behnken experimental design and the process was further studied through kinetics. The optimal conditions were found to be Cgl = 90% (w/v) and RL/S = 90 mL g−1, and under these conditions the extraction of total polyphenols (TP) and total pigments (TPm) obeyed first-order kinetics. Maximum diffusivity (De) values were 4.22 × 10−12 and 12.59 × 10−12 m2 s−1, for TP and TPm, respectively, and the corresponding activation energies were (Ea) 13.94 and 8.22 kJ mol−1.
An electrochemically actuated drug delivery device with in-situ dosage sensing

Very few conventional micro-electro-mechanical systems as drug delivery devices have in-situ dosage monitoring sensors, this thus brings inaccurate released dose, which results in either inefficient pharmaceutical effects or over-dose induced side effects. In this work, we integrate a low-cost piezoresistive sensor with an electrochemically actuated drug delivery device, and investigate its dosage monitoring performance. Different from the conventional sensor fabrication based on mixing conductive particles into liquid polymer, our proposed sensor is constructed from solidified carbon ink film embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which can obtain an optimum tradeoff between the gauge factor and maximum achievable displacement. An electrolytic reaction induces the electrolysis-bubble in the actuator chamber with an increase in pressure, which causes displacement of the PDMS sealing membrane. This provides the actuation force to deliver the drug solution. The displacement of the PDMS membrane that determines the pumped volume of the drug solution is quantified through a resistance change of the embedded piezoresistive sensor. We report a single pumping volume of up to 7 μl, which is monitored by the resistance change ratio (ΔR/R), ranging from 2% to 12% with a dosage sensing accuracy of ±6.5%.
Aboveground biomass patterns across treeless northern landscapes

ABSTRACT Aboveground vegetation biomass in northern treeless landscapes – peatlands and Arctic tundra – has been modelled with spectral information derived from optical remote sensing in several studies. However, synthesized overviews of biomass patterns across circumpolar sites have been limited. Based on data from eight study sites in Europe, Siberia and Canada, we ask (1) how biomass is divided between plant functional types (PFTs) and (2) how well biomass patterns can be detected with widely available, moderate spatial resolution (3–10 m) satellite imagery and topographic data. We explain biomass patterns using random forest regressions with the predictors being spectral bands and indices calculated from multi-temporal Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope imagery and topographic information calculated from ArcticDEM data. Our results indicate that there are notable differences in vegetation composition between northern landscapes with mosses, graminoids and deciduous shrubs being the most dominant PFTs. Remote sensing data detects biomass patterns, but regression performance varies between sites (explained variance 36–70%, normalized root mean square error 9–19%). There is also variability between sites whether Sentinel-2 or PlanetScope data is more suitable to detect biomass patterns and which the most important predictors are. Topographic information has a minor or negligible importance in most of the sites. Our results suggest that there is no easily generalizable relationship between satellite-derived vegetation greenness and biomass.
Lattice Defects and the Mechanical Anisotropy of Borophene

Using density functional theory combined with a semiempirical van der Waals dispersion correction, we have investigated the stability of lattice defects including boron vacancy, substitutional and interstitial X (X = H, C, B, N, O), and Σ5 tilt grain boundaries in borophene and their influence on the anisotropic mechanical properties of this two-dimensional system. The pristine borophene has significant in-plane Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratio anisotropy due to its strong and highly coordinated B–B bonds. The concentration of B vacancy and Σ5 grain boundaries could be rather high given that their formation energies are as low as 0.10 and 0.06 eV/A, respectively. In addition, our results also suggest that borophene can react easily with H2, O2, and N2 when exposed to these molecules. We find that the mechanical strength of borophene is remarkably reduced by these defects. The anisotropy in Poisson’s ratio, however, can be tuned by some of them. Furthermore, the adsorbed H or substitutional C may induce .
Seasonal variation in the diet of two predators in an agroecosystem in southern–central Chile

In ecosystems, seasonal fluctuations in the availability of resources can promote effects on species with similar trophic requirements, increasing the probability of interspecific competition. This scenario becomes more evident in human–dominated landscapes where homogenization of space can contribute to the shortage of resources, modifying species feeding behavior to an uncertain degree. Understanding how these species modify their feeding habits within the context of habitat transformation is of special interest. We evaluated the diversity of prey and overlap for two predators, the chilla fox Lycalopex griseus and the barn owl Tyto alba, during three seasons in 2018 (winter, spring and summer). The study was based on the analysis of feces and pellets in a landscape with agricultural predominance in Southern–central Chile. We found the chilla fox had a generalist dietary profile, feeding on a broad spectrum of prey, with predominance of lagomorphs and, to a lesser extent, rodents. In contrast, the diet of the barn owl mainly consisted of small rodents, with little variation across seasons. Analyses of dietary overlap showed fluctuations during the periods surveyed, with a maximum value in winter and a minimum value in spring. Variations in the consumption of prey based on their size could facilitate their coexistence in the study area.
Lamination of transparent conductive adhesives for tandem solar cell applications

A transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) interlayer for mechanically stacked multijunction solar cells provides adhesive strength and electrical connection between sub-cells when stacked. The fabrication of TCA sheets from an ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix and silver coated compliant conductive microspheres, similar to industry-standard EVA encapsulant sheets, compatible with a standard lamination process was developed. Blade coating TCA sheets using 3D printed blades and testing of vertical conduction through the interlayer with a TCA conductivity jig allowed for reproducible measurements and low-cost fabrication. The supplemental information provides design files to enable other researchers to produce their own blades and testing jigs. We identified 0.5 mm as an optimal blade height for producing lab-scale TCA sheets and 120 °C at 3 psi for 10 min as the optimal vacuum lamination process to minimize resistance and possible damage to samples. For TCA sheets with coverages between 0.75% and 9%, the series resistance was approximately 0.2 Ω cm2 which should result in minimal losses for one-sun photovoltaic applications.
Molecular structures: perception, autocorrelation descriptor and sar studies. Use of the autocorrelation descriptor in the qsar study of two non-narcotic analgesic series

On utilise l'autocorrelation de la structure topologique pour etudier les relations entre la structure et l'activite de 190 glafenines et 106 indomethacine. L'analyse montre une bonne separation entre les molecules actives et les molecules inactives. La propriete atomique qui contribue le plus a cette separation est l'electronegativite