Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network analysis of tail-biting in pigs – the impact of missed biting events on centrality parameters

Abstract With social network analysis, group structures of animals can be studied. However, underlying behavioural observations face problems of missing events or deviations between observers. The current study analysed the robustness of node-level network parameters based on tail-biting observations in pigs affected by missed events. Real observations of one observer were used as a gold standard to build true networks and to compare two sets of erroneous networks to them. The first set consisted of networks from different observers of the same data basis. The second set consisted of networks with a fixed error rate (random samples of the gold standard). The stability of the ranking order was used as an indication of accuracy (range 0–1; ≥0.49 good accuracy; ≥0.81 very good accuracy). Comparing observers with true networks yielded overall bad accuracy scores. Generally, outgoing network parameters (active: biting) provided better accuracy scores than ingoing network parameters (passive: being bitten). The results of sampled networks showed decreasing accuracy scores with increasing error rates. At the same error rate, longer observation periods yielded better accuracy scores. For sampled networks, differences between outgoing and ingoing network parameters were more distinct and local parameters (direct contacts) provided better accuracy scores than global parameters (direct and indirect contacts). Overall, sampled networks with 3/10 missed events yielded good to very good accuracy. As networks with more observations handle missed events better, studies of behavioural observations always need to evaluate the required accuracy and feasible workload. The current study gives insights in the accurate estimation of behavioural observations.
Positively selected genes in the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) lineage: prominence of thymus expression, immune and metabolic function, and regions of ancient synteny

Background Bats of the genus Lasiurus occur throughout the Americas and have diversified into at least 20 species among three subgenera. The hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) is highly migratory and ranges farther across North America than any other wild mammal. Despite the ecological importance of this species as a major insect predator, and the particular susceptibility of lasiurine bats to wind turbine strikes, our understanding of hoary bat ecology, physiology, and behavior remains poor. Methods To better understand adaptive evolution in this lineage, we used whole-genome sequencing to identify protein-coding sequence and explore signatures of positive selection. Gene models were predicted with Maker and compared to seven well-annotated and phylogenetically representative species. Evolutionary rate analysis was performed with PAML. Results Of 9,447 single-copy orthologous groups that met evaluation criteria, 150 genes had a significant excess of nonsynonymous substitutions along the L. cinereus branch (P < 0.001 after manual review of alignments). Selected genes as a group had biased expression, most strongly in thymus tissue. We identified 23 selected genes with reported immune functions as well as a divergent paralog of Steep1 within suborder Yangochiroptera. Seventeen genes had roles in lipid and glucose metabolic pathways, partially overlapping with 15 mitochondrion-associated genes; these adaptations may reflect the metabolic challenges of hibernation, long-distance migration, and seasonal variation in prey abundance. The genomic distribution of positively selected genes differed significantly from background expectation by discrete Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (P < 0.001). Remarkably, the top three physical clusters all coincided with islands of conserved synteny predating Mammalia, the largest of which shares synteny with the human cat-eye critical region (CECR) on 22q11. This observation coupled with the expansion of a novel Tbx1-like gene family may indicate evolutionary innovation during pharyngeal arch development: both the CECR and Tbx1 cause dosage-dependent congenital abnormalities in thymus, heart, and head, and craniodysmorphy is associated with human orthologs of other positively selected genes as well.
APPLICATION OF THE EXTENDED DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD FOR COLLAPSE SIMULATION OF A DOUBLEDECK BRIDGE

The Distinct Element Method (DEM), in which soil is represented as an assembly of numerous discrete particles, does not account for the continuity of the medium. The extended method has another physical structure which represents the effect of the internal material between the particles as mortar of concrete. We simulated the two-dimensional dynamic fracture process of the Cypress Double-Deck Bridge on Interstate 880-Line suffered by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using this method. Results agree well with the real damage qualitatively and confirmed that this method can simulate the collapse of structures involving discontinuous behavior.
Indoor and outdoor location estimation in large areas using received signal strength

Location estimation when deployed on wireless networks supports a range of services including user tracking and monitoring, health care support and push and pull marketing. The main subject of this thesis is improving indoor and outdoor location estimation accuracy using received signal strength (RSS) from neighbouring base stations (BSs) or access points (APs), without using the global positioning system (GPS) or triangulation methods. For the outdoor environment, state-of-the-art deterministic and probabilistic algorithms are adapted to exploit principal components (PCs) and clustering. The accuracy is compared with K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithms using different partitioning models. The proposed scheme clusters the RSS tuples based on deviations from an estimated RSS attenuation model and then transforms the raw RSS in each cluster into new uncorrelated dimensions, using PCs. As well as simple global dimensionality reduction using PCs, the data reduction and rotation within each cluster improves estimation accuracy because a) each cluster can model the different local RSS distributions and b) it efficiently preserves the RSS correlations that are observed (some of which are substantial) in local regions and which independence approximations ignore. Different simulated and real environments are used for the comparisons. Experimental results show that positioning accuracy is significantly improved and fewer training samples are needed compared with traditional methods. Furthermore, a technique to adjust RSS data so that radio maps collected in different environmental conditions can be used together to enhance accuracy is also demonstrated. Additionally, in the radio coverage domain, a non-parametric probability approach is used for the radio reliability estimation and a semi-supervised learning model is proposed for the monitoring model training and evolution according to real-time mobile users’ RSS feedback. For the indoor environment, an approach for a large multi-story indoor location estima-
NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE IN COMPARING MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC PAVEMENT CONDITION RATING SYSTEMS

The purpose of condition rating surveys is to measure and record defects along a section of road in a standard and objective manner. This provides a measure of the condition of each road section, which in turn can be used to assess routine maintenance and rehabilitation needs. In New Zealand, such a survey is presently accomplished by visual walkover on a 10% sample of the road network carried out by trained raters. As part of an effort to continually improve the quality of pavement condition data, a comparative study was undertaken to establish the degree of correlation between walkover survey data and data automatically acquired by the Swedish Road Surface Tester (RST) and Side Force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine (SCRIM). The principal pavement distress modes of interest were confined to rutting, shoving, scabbing, and flushing. The main conclusion reached was that, although RST and SCRIM have value as survey tools, some form of visual assessment of the actual pavement condition is still required to fully identify surface related defects. In addition, it was demonstrated that for vehicle-acquired condition rating data, particular attention must be paid to selecting appropriate reporting lengths and intervention levels so that they are consistent with both the resolution of the measuring device and the minimum pavement length that justifies resurfacing or shape correction.
Preserving the Ancient Human Trackways Site in the Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area

ABSTRACT In 2003, human footprints were discovered preserved in silt in Australia’s Willandra Lakes World Heritage Area. Excavations revealed over 400 footprints. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of the sediments indicated the footprints were created 20,000 years ago. Erosion of the overlying sediments exposed the site. Conservation strategies were formulated after discussion between the First Nations custodians, archaeologists and government agencies. The excavated site was reburied on the recommendation of a detailed management plan. Various models were considered for keeping the site open. The decision to rebury the footprints was the only practical option for preservation due to the harsh local conditions and the remote location. The dynamic nature of the landscape generates challenges for the site, and more footprints are periodically exposed. Further work is planned to create more detailed 3-D scans of all the prints. The site provides a powerful link with the ancestors of the current First Nations community of the region. It is also a unique snapshot of life as Australia became increasingly arid. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
An adaptive beamforming algorithm for sound source localisation via hybrid compressive sensing reconstruction

In this study, a hybrid compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm called SAMP-CoSaMP is proposed. The unique combination maintains the speed advantage of CoSaMP and the adaptive sparsity searching ability from the SAMP. Afterwards, an improved beamforming algorithm named SC-DAMAS for sound source localisation is created by integrating our hybrid algorithm with the classic DAMAS. Lastly, the reconstruction accuracy is compared between the SAMP-CoSaMP, SAMP, and CoSaMP algorithms in different signal-to-noise ratio scenarios. The results show that the SAMP-CoSaMP is balanced between running efficiency and reconstruction error. In addition, we perform comparative sound source localisation simulations and experiments by our SC-DAMAS with those of the conventional beamforming method and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm-based deconvolution approach. SC-DAMAS is superior to the aforementioned counterparts in localisation performance without the need to predetermine the sparsity value.
Detergent-resistant microdomains determine the localization of sigma-1 receptors to the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria junction

Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) that bind diverse synthetic and endogenous compounds have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several human diseases such as drug addiction, depression, neurodegenerative disorders, pain-related disorders, and cancer. Sig-1R are recently identified as novel ligand-operated molecular chaperones. Although Sig-1R are predominantly expressed at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomains apposing mitochondria [i.e., the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM)], they dynamically change the cellular distribution, thus regulating both MAM-specific and plasma membrane proteins. However, what determines the location of Sig-1R at the MAM and how the receptor translocation is initiated is unknown. Here we report that the detergent-resistant microdomains (DRM) play an important role in anchoring Sig-1R to the MAM. The MAM, which is highly capable of accumulating ceramides, is enriched with both cholesterol and simple sphingolipids, thus forming Triton X-114-resistant DRM. Sig-1R associate with MAM-derived DRM, but not with those from microsomes. A lipid overlay assay found that solubilized Sig-1R preferentially associate with simple sphingolipids such as ceramides. Disrupting DRM by lowering cholesterol or inhibiting de novo synthesis of ceramides at the ER largely decreases Sig-1R at DRM while causing translocation of Sig-1R from the MAM to ER cisternae. These findings suggest that the MAM, bearing cholesterol and ceramide-enriched microdomains at the ER, may utilize the microdomains to anchor Sig-1R to the location ; thus it serves to stage Sig-1R at ER-mitochondria junctions.
Extending nnU-Net for the KiTS21 Challenge

Tools for automatic semantic segmentation of 3D CT scans have shown significant results for kidney and tumour extraction using deep learning methods. The ability to produce reliable and accurate segmentations will help with surgical planning and improve the efficiency of malignant tumour detection. In this paper, we describe a three-stage pipeline for kidney, tumour and cyst segmentation based on the nnU-Net framework [1]. The initial stages extract the kidney regions and detect class presents. Then the last stage individually segments the detected classes in the cropped areas.
Evaluation of Training Interventions to Mitigate Effects of Fatigue and Sleepiness on Driving Performance

Fatigue and sleepiness are leading contributors to road crashes. Either can occur in the evening, sometime around 10:00 p.m. , after a day that begins in the morning, sometime around 8:00 a.m. Other factors contribute as well to performance decrements in the evening for those who regularly work during the day. It is arguably the case that these various factors are responsible for the observed decrements in safety-critical driving skills, such as hazard anticipation, hazard mitigation, and attention maintenance, which occur in the evening. However, it is by no means clear whether a training program can be designed to mitigate the effects that such factors have on these critical driving skills. A simulator experiment was undertaken to determine whether a training program [sleepiness and fatigue evaluation training (SAFE-T)] could lead to improvements in the hazard anticipation, hazard mitigation, and attention maintenance skills of drivers who had been awake for 12 h. The results showed that for all three skills trained drivers performed significantly better during the posttest (after SAFE-T) than the pretest (before SAFE-T), whereas the placebo drivers performed significantly worse during the posttest than the pretest. Fatigue and sleepiness both increased during the posttest from their pretest values. Thus the effects of training are still observed even in the presence of increases in fatigue and sleepiness.
Alleviating Sparsity of Open Knowledge Graphs with Ternary Contrastive Learning

Sparsity of formal knowledge and roughness of non-ontological construction make sparsity problem particularly prominent in Open Knowledge Graphs (OpenKGs). Due to sparse links, learning effective representation for few-shot entities becomes difficult. We hypothesize that by introducing negative samples, a contrastive learning (CL) formulation could be beneficial in such scenarios. However, existing CL methods model KG triplets as binary objects of entities ignoring the relation-guided ternary propagation patterns and they are too generic, i.e., they ignore zero-shot, few-shot and synonymity problems that appear in OpenKGs. To address this, we propose TernaryCL, a CL framework based on ternary propagation patterns among head, relation and tail. TernaryCL designs Contrastive Entity and Contrastive Relation to mine ternary discriminative features with both negative entities and relations, introduces Contrastive Self to help zero- and few-shot entities learn discriminative features, Contrastive Synonym to model synonymous entities, and Contrastive Fusion to aggregate graph features from multiple paths. Extensive experiments on benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of TernaryCL over state-of-the-art models.
Rapid Prototyping for Microarchitectural Attacks

In recent years, microarchitectural attacks have been demonstrated to be a powerful attack class. However, as our em-pirical analysis shows, there are numerous implementation challenges that hinder discovery and subsequent mitigation of these vulnerabilities. In this paper, we examine the attack development process, the features and usability of existing tools, and the real-world challenges faced by practitioners. We propose a novel approach to microarchitectural attack development, based on rapid prototyping , and present two open-source software frameworks, libtea and SCFirefox , that improve upon state-of-the-art tooling to facilitate rapid prototyping of attacks. libtea demonstrates that native code attacks can be abstracted sufﬁciently to permit cross-platform implementations while retaining ﬁne-grained control of microarchitectural behavior. We evaluate its effectiveness by developing proof-of-concept Foreshadow and LVI attacks. Our LVI prototype runs on x86-64 and ARMv8-A, and is the ﬁrst public demonstration of LVI on ARM. SCFirefox is the ﬁrst tool for browser-based microarchitectural attack development, providing the functionality of libtea in JavaScript. This functionality can then be used to iteratively port a prototype to unmodiﬁed browsers. We demonstrate this process by prototyping the ﬁrst browser-based ZombieLoad attack and deriving a vanilla JavaScript and WebAssembly PoC running in an unmodiﬁed recent version of Firefox. We discuss how libtea and SCFirefox contribute to the security landscape by providing attack researchers and defenders with frameworks to prototype attacks and assess their feasibility.
Influence of Defects and Heteroatoms on the Chemical Properties of Supported Graphene Layers

A large and growing number of theoretical papers report the possible role of defects and heteroatoms on the chemical properties of single-layer graphene. Indeed, they are expected to modify the electronic structure of the graphene film, allow for chemisorption of different species, and enable more effective functionalisation. Therefore, from theoretical studies, we get the suggestion that single and double vacancies, Stone–Wales defects and heteroatoms are suitable candidates to turn nearly chemically inert graphene into an active player in chemistry, catalysis, and sensoristics. Despite these encouraging premises, experimental proofs of an enhanced reactivity of defected/doped graphene are limited because experimental studies addressing adsorption on well-defined defects and heteroatoms in graphene layers are much less abundant than theoretical ones. In this paper, we review the state of the art of experimental findings on adsorption on graphene defects and heteroatoms, covering different topics such as the role of vacancies on adsorption of oxygen and carbon monoxide, the effect of the presence of N heteroatoms on adsorption and intercalation underneath graphene monolayers, and the role of defects in covalent functionalisation and defect-induced gas adsorption on graphene transistors.
Shorter Signatures from MQ

We describe a simple MPC protocol in the preprocessing model for computing multivariate quadratic maps. This yields Mesquite, a KKW-style signature scheme which, to our knowledge, produces the shortest signatures of any based on the MQ assumption. For example, our compact parameter set targeting NIST security level I has an average signature size of 8.8KB and runtimes on par with Picnic3 L1.
Microsoft Word-87370388-file00

180 words Introduction: 873 words Discussion: 1726 words Abbreviations: AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid), CMPDA (a phenyl-1,4-bis-alkylsulfonamide), CMPDB (a phenyl-1,4-bis-carboxythiophene), deact (deactivation), des (desensitization), CTZ (cyclothiazide), CX614 (pyrrolidino-1,3-oxazino benzo1,4-dioxan-10-one), LBC (ligand-binding core), PDB (Protein Data Bank) This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on May 4, 2011 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.110. 070243 at A PE T Jornals on M arch 8, 2022 m oharm . aspeurnals.org D ow nladed from
Psychobiology of Extremist Violence1: The Comeback of Individuality

Research on the psychological paths leading towards involvement in violent extremism and terrorism has not produced a consistent layout of traits describing recurrent dispositions or plausible vulnerabilities. Extremist/terrorizing violence can adopt many forms from lone-actor attacks to guerrilla actions and other war-like tactics, and such versatility defies unifying depictions. Advances achieved at identifying important elements of ingroup dynamics and commitment ties mediating the surge and activities of violent groups neglected individual factors. Recent research has re-established the relevance of individual temperament traits to explain the attraction, engagement and support to these combative coalitions and the different roles and involvement that people enact in them. This essay presents some of these research forefronts and proposes further integration between individuality-based measures with ingroup-related mechanisms when studying proneness to violent extremism. A merge between Personality and Forensic Psychology with Social Neuroscience appears as a particularly fruitful track to generate consistent advancement in the area.
Case Report: Partial Extraction Therapy in Implant-Socket-Shield Technique

Currently, the concern with how to preserve the gingival architecture and maintain the pink aesthetic in rehabilitation with dental implants has been increasingly present. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the socket-shield technique in the tissue repair process, maintaining the gingival and bone architecture, comparing it with other guided regeneration techniques. Case report: the selected case presents loss of elements 11 and 21, without apical lesion and with endodontic treatment, the buccal walls of the elements were maintained, cone morse type dental implants were placed of the company systhex® and the gap grafted with alloplastic biomaterial. Results: Both implants were osseointegrated without any histological inflammatory reaction and the dental fragments did not present any resorption process. The buccal wall maintained the tissue structure contributing to the aesthetics and maintenance of the patient's gingival profile. In addition it avoided two surgical moments as described in more invasive techniques of guided bone regeneration.
Brain imaging factors associated with progression of subcortical hyperintensities in CADASIL over 2‐year follow‐up

Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow; and Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
A review on SRAM-based computing in-memory: Circuits, functions, and applications

Artificial intelligence (AI) processes data-centric applications with minimal effort. However, it poses new challenges to system design in terms of computational speed and energy efficiency. The traditional von Neumann architecture cannot meet the requirements of heavily data-centric applications due to the separation of computation and storage. The emergence of computing in-memory (CIM) is significant in circumventing the von Neumann bottleneck. A commercialized memory architecture, static random-access memory (SRAM), is fast and robust, consumes less power, and is compatible with state-of-the-art technology. This study investigates the research progress of SRAM-based CIM technology in three levels: circuit, function, and application. It also outlines the problems, challenges, and prospects of SRAM-based CIM macros.