Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data collection methods in quantitative research

The information provided by the study participants on specific area of research called the data are very important that enable accurate information on the research work done by nurse researchers. Data collection methods are used to collect data in a systematic way. The researchers choose and use various data collection methods. They are broadly classified as self -reports, observation, and biophysiologic measures. This article highlights on the sources of data and on the various data collection techniques which include interviews, questionnaires, scales, category system and check lists, rating scales, and biophysiologic measures. It also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods. Emphasis should be given on choosing appropriate method to collect accurate information which will lead to good quality research outcomes.
Gene Therapy in India- Current Status

Gene therapy is being considered as a promising modality for more than two decades now. It has been used for a number of difﬁcult-to-treat conditions and has shown good results in some of the conditions, but not that effective in some others. Overcoming the initially faced hindrances, the research in the ﬁeld of gene therapy resurged. India is one the major Asian countries where gene therapy-related research and centers have shown remarkable growth, despite certain constraints faced by the researchers. Current article discusses the different types of gene therapy along with its clinical implications and its current status in Indian context. ABSTRACT
On the sojourn of an arbitrary customer in an M/M/1 Processor Sharing Queue

In this paper, we consider the number of both arrivals and departures seen by a tagged customer while in service in a classical $M/M/1$ processor sharing queue. By exploiting the underlying orthogonal structure of this queuing system revealed in an earlier study, we compute the distributions of these two quantities and prove that they are equal in distribution. We moreover derive the asymptotic behavior of this common distribution. The knowledge of the number of departures seen by a tagged customer allows us to test the validity of an approximation, which consists of assuming that the tagged customer is randomly served among those customers in the residual busy period of the queue following the arrival of the tagged customer. A numerical evidence shows that this approximation is reasonable for moderate values of the number of departures, given that the asymptotic behaviors of the distributions are very different even if the exponential decay rates are equal.
Reviewing the Reliability-Centered Maintenance on Cooling Water Pump of LNG Production Company

Maintenance is one of the important things to maintain a company in the industry. A company, such as LNG production company, must be able to produce and meet energy needs independently to support all operations, such as cooling water system that functions to control the temperature and pressure so that the production process runs optimally. If this system is disrupted, there will be excess use of water, waste water, and energy costs needed which result in higher total operational costs. With good and right care, it can reduce all risks posed. One component that plays a role in the cooling water system is a pump. This pump serves to flow the cooling water which is seawater to the LNG industry plant. At present, the amount of Work Order data recorded from the problems obtained from the pump requires maintenance updates. In this study, the method in the maintenance programs are used based on the Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) implementation. RCM will increase cost efficiency, reliability, pump uptime, and propose maintenance tasks. Beside pump, the reviewing also involve supports components that affect pump optimization. In this paper, the functions, causes, and effects are identified and the new scheduled maintenance tasks are shown
Fake News Early Detection

Massive dissemination of fake news and its potential to erode democracy has increased the demand for accurate fake news detection. Recent advancements in this area have proposed novel techniques that aim to detect fake news by exploring how it propagates on social networks. Nevertheless, to detect fake news at an early stage, i.e., when it is published on a news outlet but not yet spread on social media, one cannot rely on news propagation information as it does not exist. Hence, there is a strong need to develop approaches that can detect fake news by focusing on news content. In this article, a theory-driven model is proposed for fake news detection. The method investigates news content at various levels: lexicon-level, syntax-level, semantic-level, and discourse-level. We represent news at each level, relying on well-established theories in social and forensic psychology. Fake news detection is then conducted within a supervised machine learning framework. As an interdisciplinary research, our work explores potential fake news patterns, enhances the interpretability in fake news feature engineering, and studies the relationships among fake news, deception/disinformation, and clickbaits. Experiments conducted on two real-world datasets indicate the proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art and enable fake news early detection when there is limited content information.
Baconian: A Unified Opensource Framework for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning

Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is one category of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms which can improve sampling efficiency by modeling and approximating system dynamics. It has been widely adopted in the research of robotics, autonomous driving, etc. Despite its popularity, there still lacks some sophisticated and reusable open-source frameworks to facilitate MBRL research and experiments. To fill this gap, we develop a flexible and modularized framework, Baconian, which allows researchers to easily implement a MBRL testbed by customizing or building upon our provided modules and algorithms. Our framework can free users from re-implementing popular MBRL algorithms from scratch thus greatly save users' efforts on MBRL experiments.
Social Marketing Through Social Media: The Effects of User-Generated Content

Purpose: To investigate the effect that interactions between social media user-generated images (UGIs) involving alcohol use, and social media safe-drinking advertising, have on young people’s intention to consume alcohol. Design/methodology/approach: Two empirical studies were conducted adopting experimental design. Study 1 collected questionnaire data from 495 young adults who participated in a 2 x 3 between-subjects experimental design, while Study 2 collected eye-tracking data and self-reports from 36 university students who participated in a 2 x 2 between-subjects experimental design. Findings: Intention to consume alcohol is positively associated with seeing UGIs of young people socialising with alcohol, and negatively associated with seeing a safe-drinking advertisement that has been judged to be effective. The presence of a safe-drinking advertisement moderates the effect of UGIs involving alcohol. The visual attention paid to the safe-drinking advertisement is negatively correlated with the intention to drink when alcohol-related UGIs are also present. Research limitations/implications: Gathering eye-tracking data can enrich a conventional survey-based approach when studying a phenomenon with high visual content, such as social media and advertising. Practical implications: The interaction between user-generated content and advertising content must be considered when planning social marketing campaigns conducted through social media. Originality/value (mandatory): User-generated content is an important influence on risky consumption behaviour. Social marketing communications to deter risky behaviour act as a moderator in the relationship between user-generated content and risky consumption behaviour. This helps to understand how priming works in a social media context.
A bandwidth-link resources cooperative allocation strategy of data communication in intelligent transportation systems

The bandwidth resources allocation strategies of the existing Internet of Vehicles (IoV) are mainly base on the communication architecture of the traditional 802.11× in the wireless local area network (WLAN). The traditional communication architecture of IoV will easily cause significant delay and low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) for disseminating critical security beacons under the condition of high-speed movement, distance-varying communication, and mixed traffic. This paper proposes a novel bandwidth-link resources cooperative allocation strategy to achieve better communication performance under the road conditions of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Firstly, in traffic scenarios, based on the characteristic to predict the relative position of the mobile transceivers, a strategy is developed to cooperate on the mobile cellular network and the Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC). Secondly, by adopting the general network simulator NS3, the dedicated mobile channel models that are suitable for the data interaction of ITS, is applied to confirm the feasibility and reliability of the strategy. Finally, by the simulation, comparison, and analysis of some critical performance parameters, we conclude that the novel strategy does not only reduce the system delay but also improve the other communication performance indicators, such as the PDR and communication capacity.
Effect of fertilization on composition and spatial distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen in paddy soil-microbial systems

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has high bioavailability and is an important source of soil nutrients. In or der to determine the concentrations and the composition of DON in different depths (0–30 cm), and provide a theoretical basis for further deep research into the paddy soil nitrogen supply, experiments based on the lysimeter method were carried out to investigate the effect of fertilization on composition and spatial distribution of DON in paddy soil. Paddy soil was treated under chemical fertilization treatment (CT) and mixed fertilization treatment (MT). With methods of PCR-DGGE and HPLC-MS, the results of the experiments suggested that the samples in 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm under MT had significantly higher bacterial diversity than those under CT except in 0–10 cm. DON had a high percentage (63.1–79.9%) in N tot of soil solution. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that DON had a significant positive correlation with organic matter content, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and a significant negative correlation with pH. The possible results of HPLC-MS identification of DON from paddy soil solution were that (a) 3-(4-thiazolyl)- l-alanine; (b) 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid; (c) 4-(2, 4-difluorophenyl)-3-nitrobenzene carbaldehyde; (d) fendizoic acid.
Консервативность последовательностей генов помпы множественной лекарственной устойчивости AcrAB-TolC Escherichia coli как признак вовлеченности в перманентную «уборку» бактериальной клетки

32 The gram-negative gammaproteobacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) was first discovered by Theodor Escherich in the stool samples of healthy individuals in 1885 [1]. E. coli naturally inhabits the lower intestines of warm-blooded species and is an important object of research. Four strains of E. coli, including K-12, B, W and С, are now used as model organisms. Strain K-12 was first isolated at Stanford university in 1922 [2]. Strain B was described by d’Herelle at the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1918 [3]. The other 2 strains are less common. Strain C was discovered by Margaret Lieb in 1951 [4, 5], and strain W was originally reported by Selman Waksman in 1943 [6]. Strains comprising groups K-12 and B are the most widespread and best known. Laboratory strains have “evolved” to lose some of their properties, such as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and therefore can be advantageously used in research studies, especially for the discovery of novel antibiotics [7]. М. В. Каракозова , П. А. Назаров КОНСЕРВАТИВНОСТЬ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЕЙ ГЕНОВ ПОМПЫ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ACRAB-TOLC ESCHERICHIA COLI КАК ПРИЗНАК ВОВЛЕЧЕННОСТИ В ПЕРМАНЕНТНУЮ «УБОРКУ» БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ КЛЕТКИ
Qualidade da carne de cordeiros Pantaneiros de diferentes pesos corporais

The aim of this study was to assess the meat quality of Pantaneiro lambs finished in confinement and slaughtered at different body weights (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 kg). Forty-five non-castrated male Pantaneiro lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and nine replicates. The animals were housed in individual pens and slaughtered when they reached the target weights. For instrumental and centesimal analyses, the Semimembranosus, Longissimus lumborum, Gluteobiceps, and Triceps brachii muscles were used, whereas for fatty acid profile analysis only the Longissimus lumborum muscle was used. The different body weights influenced the final pH of the meat, but this still remained within the recommended values; however, the meat of heavier lambs had increased water-holding capacity (WHC), redness (a*), and fat content, making it the tenderest but least luminous and humid meat. Greater body weight led to a higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, reduction of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), higher hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content (H), and higher atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity indexes (TI). Therefore, it was concluded that the meat of lambs slaughtered at lower body weight presented better nutritional quality, making it more suitable for human consumption.
A short history of the CaMV 35S promoter

In an organism, be it plant, animal or human, almost every gene has its own promoter sequence, which is typified as a DNA stretch that controls how a gene is expressed in a cell. Hence, the activity of a promoter controls in which cell type, during which developmental stage or during what environmental condition a certain gene is expressed. However, the most widely used promoter in plant biotechnology is actually not derived from a plant, but a pathogenic virus. How and why did that happen? Here's a short history of the CaMV 35S promoter.
Role of OCT4 in cisplatin treatment of testicular embryonal carcinoma

Purpose : To determine the role of embryonal transcription factor OCT4 in cisplatin treatment of testicular embryonal carcinoma. Methods : In vitro assays were employed to assess the effect of cisplatin treatment on testicular embryonal carcinoma cell lines under OCT4 silencing. Following treatment with 500 ng/μL cisplatin, MTT assay was used to examine cell proliferation of 2012-EP and 833K-E cells with or without OCT silencing, while wound healing assay was used to examine cell migration ability. Transwell assay and crystal violet staining were employed to measure cell invasive capacity, whereas the distribution pattern of cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of several critical components in tumorigenicity related pathways with or without OCT silencing were determined by Western-blot analysis. Results : Cisplatin enhanced OCT4-silenced cell viability at all concentration (p < 0.01) when compared to control cells. Upon treatment with 500 ng/μL cisplatin, OCT4-silenced cells showed 2- to 3-fold enhancement in cell proliferation (p < 0.001), 2-fold increase in cell migration capacity (p < 0.001), and about 1.5-fold enhancement in invasive capacity (p < 0.001) when compared to control cells. In addition, OCT4 silencing upregulated the expression level of the proteins involved in cell proliferation, cell mobility, cancer metastasis and cell cycle control. Conclusion : The results suggest that OCT4 may serve as a therapeutic target for testicular embryonal carcinoma treatment in combination with cisplatin by modulating OCT4 expression level. This physiological evidence indicates that OCT4 downregulation contributes to cisplatin resistance in chemotherapy and subsequent disease relapse. Keywords : OCT4, Cisplatin resistance, Testicular embryonal carcinoma, Chemotherapy
Using plant, microbe, and soil fauna traits to improve the predictive power of biogeochemical models

Process‐based models describing biogeochemical cycling are crucial tools to understanding long‐term nutrient dynamics, especially in the context of perturbations, such as climate and land‐use change. Such models must effectively synthesize ecological processes and properties. For example, in terrestrial ecosystems, plants are the primary source of bioavailable carbon, but turnover rates of essential nutrients are contingent on interactions between plants and soil biota. Yet, biogeochemical models have traditionally considered plant and soil communities in broad terms. The next generation of models must consider how shifts in their diversity and composition affect ecosystem processes. One promising approach to synthesize plant and soil biodiversity and their interactions into models is to consider their diversity from a functional trait perspective. Plant traits, which include heritable chemical, physical, morphological and phenological characteristics, are increasingly being used to predict ecosystem processes at a range of scales, and to interpret biodiversity–ecosystem functional relationships. There is also emerging evidence that the traits of soil microbial and faunal communities can be correlated with ecosystem functions such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and greenhouse gas production. Here, we draw on recent advances in measuring and using traits of different biota to predict ecosystem processes, and provide a new perspective as to how biotic traits can be integrated into biogeochemical models. We first describe an explicit trait‐based model framework that operates at small scales and uses direct measurements of ecosystem properties; second, an integrated approach that operates at medium scales and includes interactions between biogeochemical cycling and soil food webs; and third, an implicit trait‐based model framework that associates soil microbial and faunal functional groups with plant functional groups, and operates at the Earth‐system level. In each of these models, we identify opportunities for inclusion of traits from all three groups to reduce model uncertainty and improve understanding of biogeochemical cycles. These model frameworks will generate improved predictive capacity of how changes in biodiversity regulate biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Further, they will assist in developing a new generation of process‐based models that include plant, microbial, and faunal traits and facilitate dialogue between empirical researchers and modellers.
Association between long-term air pollution exposure and DNA methylation: the REGICOR study

Background Limited evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms may partially mediate the adverse effects of air pollution on health. Our aims were to identify new genomic loci showing differential DNA methylation associated with long-term exposure to air pollution and to replicate loci previously identified in other studies. Methods A two-stage epigenome-wide association study was designed: 630 individuals from the REGICOR study were included in the discovery and 454 participants of the EPIC-Italy study in the validation stage. DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. NOX, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, PMcoarse, traffic intensity and traffic load exposure were measured according to the ESCAPE protocol. A systematic review was undertaken to identify those cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) associated with air pollution in previous studies and we screened for them in the discovery study. Results In the discovery stage of the epigenome-wide association study, 81 unique CpGs were associated with air pollution (p-value <10−5) but none of them were validated in the replication sample. Furthemore, we identified 12 CpGs in the systematic review showing differential methylation with a p-value fulfilling the Bonferroni criteria and 1642 CpGs fulfilling the false discovery rate criteria, all of which were related to PM2.5 or NO2. None of them was replicated in the discovery study, in which the top hits were located in an intergenic region on chromosome 1 (cg10893043, p-value=6.79·10−5) and in the PXK and ARSA genes (cg16560256, p-value=2.23·10−04; cg11953250, p-value=3.64·10−04). Conclusions Neither new genomic loci associated with long-term air pollution were identified, nor previously identified loci were replicated. Continued efforts to test this potential association are warranted.
Regulation of cellular immunity by human cytomegalovirus

The success of HCMV as a lifelong pathogen is attributed at least in part to the broad range of encoded immune evasion molecules that inhibit the host cellular immune response. Indeed, HCMV has become a paradigm for immune evasion, the study of which has revealed a number of basic immunological processes. To screen for novel immune evasion genes, HCMV-specific CD8+ T-cell lines were grown from seropositive donors and used against a series of block deletion viruses, each missing a region of genes non-essential for replication in vitro. UL13-UL20 was flagged as important for inhibition of CD8+ T-cells. Further screening with individual gene knockout HCMVs showed that the published NK-cell inhibitor UL16 could inhibit CD8+ T-cells, but also revealed UL19 as a previously unrecognised strong immune evasin, inhibiting 3 separate CD8+ T-cell lines. UL19 had no effect on HLA-I downregulation indicating that it may affect other pathways involved with T-cell activation. Proteomic data showed that surface TNFR2 was increased by HCMV infection. This is important as this would influence the response to TNF, a major inflammatory cytokine and soluble effector molecule released by T and NK cells. Screening using different HCMV strains and knockout viruses identified UL148 and UL148D as responsible for the increase in surface TNFR2 but prevented the release of soluble TNFR2, indicating that UL148 and UL148D were influencing the ability of TNFR2 to be retained at the cell surface. Infection with HCMV Merlin profoundly downregulated surface ADAM17, the metalloproteinase responsible for cleaving TNFR2 from the cell surface. Deleting UL148 and UL148D recovered ADAM17 expression, blocking the function of which returned surface and soluble TNFR2 levels to those observed with Merlin. This was also true of TNFR1. HCMV infected cell lysates showed that UL148 and UL148D interfered with the maturation of ADAM17. Thus, UL148 and UL148D allow upregulation of TNFR2 and maintain TNFR1 expression during and HCMV infection by impairing surface ADAM17 expression through impairment of ADAM17 maturation. Given that ADAM17 is involved with the cleaving of multiple cytokines, cytokine receptors, adhesion molecules and immune cell receptors, this work identifies a novel mechanism through which HCMV can alter the surface and soluble proteome by preventing the shedding of inflammatory/immune receptors and mediators. More detailed studies will be required to define the global impact of this on the immune system.