Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reassignment of chicken W chromosome sequences to the Z chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

There is much interest in the gene content of the small heterochromatic W chromosome of the chicken, on the supposition that it may contain sex-determining genes. A considerable region in the chicken genome has been assigned to the W chromosome on the basis of its repetitive sequences. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) we localized five Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) onto female chicken metaphase spreads. We physically mapped these BACs to the Z chromosome. The chicken genome database, however, assigned all five BACs to the W chromosome. Our results demonstrate that the 17 genes on these BACs are Z-specific, and points to the inadequacy of assigning regions of the genome based exclusively on repetitive sequences.
Amoxicillin middle ear fluid penetration and pharmacokinetics in children with acute otitis media.

BACKGROUND Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infectious disease. The efficacy of antibiotic dosing regimens is usually assessed by antibiotic plasma pharmacokinetics or middle ear fluid (MEF) concentration at one or two time points. Viral coinfection in AOM reduced antibacterial efficacy of antibiotics. OBJECTIVE To determine amoxicillin MEF penetration and pharmacokinetics in bacterial and combined bacterial and viral AOM. METHODS Thirty-four children with AOM were enrolled, and MEF was collected by tympanocentesis for bacterial culture and viral studies. Nasal wash and venous blood were also obtained for viral culture and serologic studies, respectively. Subjects were treated with amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day orally, divided in equal doses every 8 h. During the second visit (48 to 72 h later) the subjects, with the regular morning amoxicillin dose withheld, were given an oral amoxicillin dose of 25 mg/kg. Thereafter two blood samples and one MEF sample by tympanocentesis were collected from each child at selected times between 0.5 and 4.0 h after dosing for bacterial and viral studies and amoxicillin concentration determination by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Eleven (37%) children had only bacterial infection, 6 (20%) had viral infection only, 6 (20%) had both bacterial and viral infections and in 7 (23%) neither bacterial nor viral pathogens were recovered. MEF bacterial culture was positive in 23 of 40 ears (57.5%) before treatment with amoxicillin (40 mg/kg/day) and was still positive in 4 of 38 ears (10.5%) after 2 to 3 days of treatment. Amoxicillin plasma concentration reached its peak at 1.0 to 1.5 h after a 25-mg/kg oral dose. The estimated MEF concentration peak occurred 3.0 h after the dose with MEF concentrations ranging from undetectable to 20.6 microg/ml and a mean of approximately 9.5 microg/ml. Geometric mean amoxicillin concentrations were lowest in virus-infected children (2.7 microg/ml), nearly the same in culture-negative samples from children without viral infection (2.9 microg/ml), higher in children with combined bacterial and viral infection (4.1 microg/ml) and highest in children with bacterial-only infection (5.7 microg/ml). CONCLUSIONS MEF amoxicillin penetration tended to be lower in children with viral infection. The current amoxicillin dosing recommendation of 40 mg/kg/day in three divided dose is inadequate to effectively eradicate resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly during viral coinfection. A dosing regimen of 75 to 90 mg/kg/day is recommended for AOM.
Should we transfer patients with acute myocardial infarction to a tertiary care hospital for primary angioplasty?

city of sulphonylureas. Studies on cloned cardiac and -cell KATP channels. Diabetes 1998; 47: 1412–8. [6] Klepzig H, Kober G, Mutter C et al. Sulphonylureas and ischaemic preconditioning. A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of glimepiride and glibenclamide. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 439–46. [7] Malmberg K for the DIGAMI (Diabetes mellitus, insulin glucose infusion in acute myocardial infarction) Study group. Br Med J 1997; 314: 1512–5 .
High-Frequency Electrical Model of Through-Silicon Vias for 3-D Integrated Circuits Considering Eddy Current and Proximity Effects

A novel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type equivalent-circuit model of through-silicon vias (TSVs) for 3-D integrated circuits (3-D ICs) considering eddy current and proximity effects is proposed in this paper. The numerical models for the serial resistance and inductance of TSVs are derived by computing the longitudinal electrical field in Cu and the longitudinal magnetic vector potentials in SiO<sub>2</sub> and Si substrate with Fourier-Bessel series. Furthermore, the closed-form formulas for the parallel capacitance and conductance of TSVs are derived by using the conformal mapping method. The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type equivalent-circuit model is verified using 3-D full-wave field solver High-Frequency Structural Simulator, showing that it is highly accurate up to 100 GHz. Using the proposed model, the electrical performance of TSVs with high density can be evaluated accurately and quickly in a wideband frequency range.
Sequences involved in initiation of simian virus 40 late transcription in the absence of T antigen

We analyzed the sequences involved in vivo in the initiation of simian virus 40 (SV40) late transcription occurring in the absence of both SV40 origin sequences and T antigen. The constituent elements of the SV40 late promoters have already been the subject of extensive studies. In vitro studies have resulted in the description of two putative domains of the late promoters. The first domain consists of an 11-base-pair (bp) sequence, 5'-GGTACCTAACC-3', located 25 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the SV40 major late initiation site (MLIS) (J. Brady, M. Radonovich, M. Vodkin, V. Natarajan, M. Thoren, G. Das, J. Janik, and N. P. Salzman, Cell 31:624-633, 1982). The second domain is located within the G-C-rich region (J. Brady, M. Radonovich, M. Thoren, G. Das, and N. P. Salzman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:133-141; U. Hansen and P. A. Sharp, EMBO J. 2:2293-2303). Our previous in vivo studies permitted us to define a domain of the late promoter which extends from nt 332 to nt 113 and includes the 72-bp enhancer sequences. Here, by using transfection of the appropriate chimeric plasmids into HeLa cells in conjunction with quantitative S1 nuclease analysis, we analyzed in more detail the sequences required for the control of SV40 late-gene expression occurring before the onset of viral DNA replication. We showed that the major late promoter element is in fact the 72-bp repeat enhancer element. This element was able to drive efficient late transcription in the absence of T antigen. Under our experimental conditions, removal of the G-C-rich region (21-bp repeats) entailed a significant increase in the level of late-gene expression. Moreover, translocation of this element closer to the MLIS (53 nt upstream of the MLIS) enhanced the level of transcripts initiated at natural late initiation sites. Our results suggest that the G-C-rich regions have to be positioned between the enhancer element and the initiation sites to stimulate transcription from downstream sites. Thus, the relative arrangement of the various promoter elements is a critical factor contributing to the situation in which the early promoter is stronger than late promoters before viral DNA replication.
Cutting Edge: IL-23 Receptor Deficiency Prevents the Development of Lupus Nephritis in C57BL/6–lpr/lpr Mice

IL-17–producing T cells infiltrate kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis, and IL-23–treated lymph node cells from lupus-prone mice may transfer disease to Rag1-deficient mice. In this study, we show that IL-23R–deficient lupus-prone C57BL/6–lpr/lpr mice display decreased numbers of CD3+CD4−CD8− cells and IL-17A–producing cells in the lymph nodes and produce less anti-DNA Abs. In addition, clinical and pathology measures of lupus nephritis are abrogated. The presented experiments document the importance of IL-23R–mediated signaling in the development of lupus nephritis and urge the consideration of proper biologics for the treatment of the disease.
Postoperative hypothermia and patient outcomes after major elective non‐cardiac surgery

Using a multicentre adult patient database from Australia and New Zealand, we obtained the lowest and highest temperature in the first 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit after elective non‐cardiac surgery. Hypothermia was defined as core temperature < 36 °C; transient hypothermia as a temperature < 36 °C that was corrected within 24 h, and persistent hypothermia as hypothermia not corrected within 24 h. We studied 50 689 patients. Hypothermia occurred in 23 165 (46%) patients, was transient in 22 810 (45%), and was persistent in 608 (1.2%) patients. On multivariate analysis, neither transient (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.96–1.20) nor persistent (OR = 1.50. 95% CI 0.96–2.33) hypothermia was independently associated with increased hospital mortality.
Cell damage in epilepsy and the role of calcium in cytotoxicity.

Status epilepticus may be followed by the loss of selectively vulnerable neurons in the hippocampus and neocortex. The acute cytopathology preceding cell loss is that of "ischemic cell change" or "dark cell change. " In the hippocampus, selectively vulnerable neurons (CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons, hilar polymorphic neurons) show swelling of mitochondria in the perikaryon and dendrites after 30 to 120 min of seizure activity. Electron-microscopic studies with the combined oxalate/pyroantimonate technique reveal dense calcium pyroantimonate deposits in the swollen mitochondria. Suppression of seizure activity for 30 to 60 min is sufficient to allow recovery of normal mitochondrial morphology and calcium load. A small proportion of vulnerable neurons develop ischemic cell change with multiple vacuoles containing calcium pyroantimonate deposits. Neurons prone to burst firing accumulate calcium during seizures, and eventually show massive "overloading" of mitochondria. Although by analogy with studies in muscle a cytotoxic role for raised cytosolic calcium concentration has been proposed, the link between increased [CA2+] activation of phospholipases and proteinases and ischemic cell change remains uncertain.
Experimental measurements of the accuracy of commercial UWB real-time localisation systems and proposal of new collision avoidance algorithms for industrial applications

A typical problem in industrial applications is the localisation and tracking of goods in a warehouse as well as the monitoring of machines moving along production lines. The emerging ultra wideband (UWB) technology is a very promising solution since it can be used in hostile environment where traditional radio frequency systems have problems to work because of the severe multipath effect. In this paper exhaustive experimental measurements of a UWB real-time localisation system in industrial environments are presented. The accuracy of the positioning system with static and moving objects and persons is investigated. The accuracy is tested by changing the localisation technique (ToA, TDoA, TDoA+AoA), the cell shape and dimensions, the heights of the sensors in the cell, etc. The accuracy is measured both when the tag is hooked on a metallic object and when it is worn by a person. Finally, in this paper two new algorithms to avoid collisions between moving objects are proposed.
Sepsis-Induced Depressed Contractile Function of Isolated Ventricular Myocytes Is Due to Altered Calcium Transient Properties

Chronic peritoneal sepsis in a rodent model produces myocardial dysfunction characterized by decreased rates of ventricular contraction and relaxation in the isolated heart preparation. However, it remains controversial whether the ventricular contractility is altered during sepsis. In the present study, we determined the effect of chronic peritoneal sepsis on the mechanical properties and intracellular Ca2+ handling of cardiac myocytes isolated from septic rats at 24 or 48 h. Mechanical properties were evaluated by use of an IonOptix MyoCam system. Myocytes were electrically stimulated at 0.5 Hz. The contractile properties analyzed included peak shortening (PS), time-to-peak shortening (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), and maximal velocities of shortening and relengthening (±dL/d t). Intracellular Ca2+ handling was evaluated with fura-2 fluorescent dye. Myocytes obtained from 24-h postseptic animals exhibited a depressed PS (85% of control), normal TPS, prolonged TR90 (147% of control), and reduced ±dL/d t (both 79% of control). Myocytes from 48-h postseptic animals also exhibited a reduced peak of intracellular Ca2+ sequestration (55% of control), but resting intracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+-transient decay were comparable with the values seen in myocytes from untreated rats. Myocytes from septic and control animals were equally responsive over a range of stimulation frequencies (0.1–5 Hz). Myocytes from septic animals were unresponsive (5% of control) to increase of extracellular Ca2+ (0.5–3 mM). These results demonstrate that sepsis produces substantial deficits in cardiac myocytes function that can be attributed to altered calcium transient properties.
The Effect of Recovery Strategies on Contractile Properties Using Tensiomyography and Perceived Muscle Soreness in Professional Soccer Players

Abstract Rey, E, Lago-Peñas, C, Lago-Ballesteros, L, and Casáis, L. The effect of recovery strategies on contractile properties using tensiomyography and perceived muscle soreness in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3081–3088, 2012—The capacity to recover from intense training and matches is considered an important determinant in soccer performance. At present, there is no consensus on the effect of posttraining recovery interventions on subsequent training session. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of active (12 minutes of submaximal running and 8 minutes of static stretching) and passive recovery (20 minutes sit on a bench) interventions performed immediately after a training session on muscle contractile properties using tensiomyography (TMG) and perceived muscle soreness 24 hours after the training. During 2 experimental sessions, 31 professional soccer players participated in a randomized fully controlled trial design. The first session was designed to collect the player's TMG and muscle soreness measurements (pretest). After baseline measurements, the participants performed a standardized soccer training during which the heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded to evaluate the training load. At the end of training unit, all the players were randomly assigned to the active recovery group and the passive recovery group. A second experimental session was organized to obtain the posttest values. The players performed the same test, administered in the same order than in the first trial. The results showed that no differences between groups were observed in the HR and RPE. No significant effect because of recovery strategy was found on TMG parameters and perceived muscle soreness.
An SPN based methodology for document understanding

The paper presents a methodology for document processing and understanding. The methodology assumes that text paragraphs have been separated from the text images and that the necessary interrelationships are for a possible reconstruction of the original page. Each text line forms a natural language text which requires analysis in order to contribute to text understanding. The analysis is based on the formal representation and processing of natural language text by using stochastic Petri nets (SPNs). Text understanding is based on the semantic analysis/synthesis of SPN forms for the appropriate interpretations. These interpretations in combinations with image descriptions and/or objects extracted from images contribute to document understanding.
Versatile inducible activation system of Akt/PKB signaling pathway in mice

Summary: We report a transgenic mouse line in which Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway can be activated in an inducible manner in defined cell types. In this transgenic mouse line, Cre expression allows the expression of a tamoxifen‐activatable form of Akt/PKB in a defined cell type. Subsequent injection of tamoxifen triggers the transient activation of Akt/PKB in mice. Thus, this transgenic line allows the transient activation of Akt/PKB pathway in a predefined cell type. We expect that this transgenic system will provide a unique tool to study the roles of Akt/PKB pathway in mice. genesis 35:160–163, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medial Double as an Alternative to Triple Arthrodesis

Although excellent for correction of deformity, the triple arthrodesis can have complications associated with wound healing and lateral column malunion/nonunion. The greater the deformity, the more common these adverse events may occur. By utilizing a single medial incision to fuse only the talonavicular and subtalar joint, the Medial Double technique minimizes several soft tissue complications. In addition, the calcaneocuboid joint is left to remain flexible and thereby avoiding complications of overload or malunion.
p25/Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 promotes the progression of cell death in nucleus of endoplasmic reticulum‐stressed neurons

Dysregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by cleavage of its activator p35 to p25 by calpain is involved in the neuronal cell death observed in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is not yet clear how p25/Cdk5 induces cell death, although its cytosolic localization or extended half life are thought to be involved. We show here that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes the calpain‐dependent cleavage of p35 to p25 in primary cultured cortical neurons. Generation of p25 occurred at a cell death execution step in ER‐stressed neurons. p25 translocated to the nucleus in ER‐stressed neurons, whereas p35/Cdk5 was perinuclear in control neurons. Cdk5 inhibitors or dominant‐negative Cdk5 suppressed ER stress‐induced neuronal cell death. These findings indicate that p25/Cdk5 is a proapoptotic factor that promotes ER stress‐induced neuronal cell death in nuclei.
The use of a patient-based questionnaire (the Oxford Shoulder Score) to assess outcome after rotator cuff repair.

INTRODUCTION It is increasingly important for surgeons to monitor the outcome of their practice for the purpose of audit. The main difficulty has been the lack of appropriate methods of assessing outcome. Outcome has traditionally been assessed by clinical means which can be inaccurate, irreproducible and subject to surgeon bias. In addition, the perspective of the patient and surgeon may differ with respect to outcome and interest has grown in patient-based scoring systems. The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) is one such patient-based scoring system. The main aim of this study was to assess whether a patient-based questionnaire, in this case the OSS, could be effectively used to audit outcome from shoulder surgery. A secondary aim was to assess the value of gathering outcome information by post. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 24 patients (14 male; median age 59 years; age range, 43-73 years) who had completed a pre-operative OSS questionnaire and had undergone rotator cuff repair were included in the study. Participants were assessed postoperatively at regular intervals using the OSS at hospital visits and by postal questionnaire. RESULTS The completion level for the OSS was 97% and the response rate to the postal questionnaire was 96%. At 3 months' post-surgery, 21 of 24 patients had improved; at final review (16-37 months), 23 patients had improved following surgery. The OSS was observed to be a robust tool for the quantitative assessment and tracking of patient outcomes after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the value of using a postal questionnaire to follow-up patients after surgery and demonstrates the successful use of a patient-based questionnaire to audit the outcome from shoulder surgery.
Use of OTC essential oils to clear plantar warts.

Plantar warts are infections of the human papillomavirus (HPV). While not life-threatening, they are among the most common complaints seen by foot and skin care specialists. In immunocompetent individuals, they are considered harmless and often resolve spontaneously. However, spontaneous resolution may take months or even years. In addition, plantar warts can be debilitating due to extreme pain that interferes with ambulation. Existing treatments often require months of compliance and may fail to clear the condition. Recurrence is common. Plantar warts can spread quickly among the immunocompromised, such as those undergoing radiation and/or chemotherapy, posttransplant patients, and patients with human immunodeficiency virus and related diseases. Poor infection control practices can lead to outbreaks of plantar warts in exposed populations. Natural, alternative, and complementary (NAC) healthcare modalities are increasingly popular methods to treat plantar warts either alone, or in conjunction with over-the-counter (OTC) remedies. In some cases, this is due to decreased costs associated with OTC products. However, since NAC therapies are typically not covered by insurance, patients may turn to them for reasons other than financial. For instance, patients sometimes need to feel in control of their care. Patients may also believe that these therapies are less invasive and painful and/or that they are equally or more effective than conventional care. In addition, patients often try an NAC approach as a last resort after conventional modalities fail. Many cancer patients use NAC approaches to improve quality of life as well as to palliate the side effects of cancer treatments. Through a series of trial and error and by communica-
On-line fault classification and handling in IEEE1687 based fault management system for complex SoCs

Semiconductor products manufactured with latest and emerging processes are increasingly prone to wear out and aging. While the fault occurrence rate in such systems increases, the fault tolerance techniques are becoming even more expensive and one cannot rely on them alone. In addition to mitigating/correcting the faults, the system may systematically monitor, detect, localize, diagnose and classify them (manage faults). As a result of such fault management approach, the system may continue operating and degrade gracefully even in case if some of the system's resources become unusable due to intolerable faults. This works proposes a fault classification and handling methodology that fits to an event-driven on-line fault monitoring, signaling and management architecture based on IEEE1687 IJTAG and suitable for a modern complex SoC with many heterogeneous cores.
Parametric Sparse Representation Method for Motion Parameter Estimation of Ground Moving Target

In order to reduce the amount of echo data and achieve a wider observation swath, a parametric sparse representation method for the motion parameter estimation of ground moving targets is proposed with low pulse repetition frequency (PRF). First, the displaced phase center antenna technique is introduced to cancel the clutters. Second, since range cell migration is not subject to PRF limitations, Hough transform is adopted to estimate the across-track velocities and range positions of moving targets. Then, the parametric method is put forward to estimate the along-track velocities and azimuth positions based on the parametric over-complete chirplet basis matrix, where the basis matrix is determined by the along-track velocities of moving targets. The proposed algorithm can adaptively refine the basis matrix to achieve the optimal sparse representation result. Meanwhile, the azimuth position is obtained by the optimal sparse representation result. Finally, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed method are proved by the simulation results.