Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Fingerspelling in Sign Language Videos Using Pose Information

In this research, we present an approach for detecting fingerspelling in sign language videos using pose information. Given a sign language video, pose information for each frame is extracted using OpenPose, an open-source pose detection library. We use template matching to compare the hand area of each frame to reference images for fingerspelling signs. Using the template matching results, density-based clustering is used to predict the time slots at which fingerspelling occurs. Our approach is primarily aimed at assisting language researchers who work with annotated sign data. Using our approach, the time slots at which fingerspellings occur could be found automatically, after which an annotator could verify the predicted time slots and annotate them. At the same time, our approach can also be applied for other purposes, such as helping to build educational tools for sign language learners, or helping to annotate sign language datasets more quickly for machine learning systems within the domains of sign language recognition, generation and translation. Using a challenging dataset, the Corpus NGT, we are able to detect an average of 74% of fingerspelling segments, using a lower bound on the average precision of 10%.
A new species of salamander Pachytriton archospotus from Hunan Province,China(Amphibia,Salamandridae)

This paper describes a new species of the genus Pachytriton from Hunan, China. This new species exhibits characteristics typical of the genus Pachytrito which currently contains two species. We examined specimens of Pachytriton brevipes from Fujian Wuyishan and Pachytriton labiatus from Guangxi Dayaoshan. The new species displays some characteristics that differ from those of P.brevipes and P.labiatus. Our results indicated that salamanders from Guidong County, Hunan Province, China, are distinct from other species of the genus and should be recognized as a new species. Pachytriton archospotus Shen, Shen et Mo, sp. nov. (Table 1)Holotype HNUL 870526511. An adult male(Fig.1), total length 166.3 mm. Type locality:Qiyunshan(25°24'N,114°00'E)Guidong County, Hunan Province, China, at the altitude of 1250 m, May 26, 1987, Collected by Deng You-Hua.Allotype HNUL 870526514, An adult female, collected by the same people, at same locality and same collecting time as the holotype.Paratype 8♂♂,13♀♀,Collected by the same people at same locality and same collecting time as the holotype.The type specimens (Holotype,Allotype and Paratype) are deposited in the College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University.Diagnosis 1)The new species has black spots over its whole body similar to Pachytriton brevipes, however it differs from latter. There are fontsquamosal arches on the skull of the new species and its epibranchial bone is straight, but Pachytriton brevipes hasn't frontosquamosal arches and the tip of epibranchial bone is curved. Although Pachytriton labiatus has frontosquamosal arches, however its epibranchial bone is curved and hasn't black spots on the body (Fig.2, Fig.3). 2) The snout length of the new species is shorter than interocular space, and the snout length of Pachytriton brevipes is longer than interocular space. The snout length of Pachytriton labiatus is longer than or equal to interocular space. Their head forms are different. Although their head length is longer than their head width, their snout length, interocular space and head length are equalless. 3) The new species cloacal areas of male don't swell during their breeding season. Only around vent slight raised. Cloacal papillae are longer and more, but cloacal regions of Pachytriton brevipes and Pachytriton labiatus showing swollen glandular area around vent in male during the breeding season and the cloacal papillae are shorter and fewer.Using one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA), the differences of snout-vent length, head width, head length, snout length and interocular space were significant. Using the analyeis of the least aigncificant differences (LSD), the results further indicated the differences of head width, snout length and interouclar apace among these three apecies were significant.
Corrosion Control by Deposition of CaCO3 Films: Part 3, A Practical Approach for Plant Operators

The economic losses caused by corrosion of water systems are very large. Hudson and Gilcreas1 cited the striking example of a 55-mgd water-distribution system under attack from an aggressive (corrosive) water. They estimated that the distribution system (composed of reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement and cementlined cast-iron pipe) was losing 500 tons of piping annually (as СаСОз). Over a period of five years, the system-carrying capacity had declined by nearly 40 per cent. In addition, large concrete storage tanks had corroded so badly that they could safely be filled only half way. Hudson and Gilcreas also estimated the nation's economic loss caused by deterioration of distribution systems at $375 million annually and that this loss could be avoided by stabilizing corrosive waters with only $27-million worth of lime. Materials deterioration is only part of the problem. The products of corrosion enter the water, diminishing its quality, and may become a health hazard. For example, a study of Boston's water distribution^ conducted several years ago indicated that 19 per cent of standing-water samples exceeded USPHS Drinking Water Standards for copper, 9 per cent the limit for iron, and 65 per cent the limit for lead; most of the con-
Effect of Plumeria rubra (Apocynaceae) leaf extracts, a repellent of rice-field rats (Rattus argentiventer), on its metabolism and daily activity

Introduction: Rice-field rats are one of the most important pests because it can give large losses in all planting seasons including the storehouse. Synthetic rodenticide is the most commonly used of chemical technique for controlling rice-field rats. The application of these materials indirectly causes negative impacts; one of them is for the environment. As an alternative for controlling rice-field rats, natural materials can be used as a repellent. Objective: to examine the effects of methanol extract of Plumeria rubra leaves on metabolism, daily activity patterns, and its potency as a repellent of the rice-field rat. Methods: The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Pests, Universitas Padjadjaran involves choice test (T-maze arena), and the Laboratory of Rats, Indonesian Center for Rice Research involves no-choice test (metabolic cage) from February until May 2019. The observations including food (g), water consumption (ml), feces production (g), urine production (ml), body weight (g), and its changes (%), also the daily activities (time spent for locomotion, foraging, and resting). The treatment was done with three replications for twelve mature male and twelve mature non-pregnant females. Data experiments analysis followed by a T-test. Results: Rice-field rats on the T-Maze arena avoided consuming food and beverage that close to methanol extract of Plumeria rubra leaves treatment. The treatment of methanol extract of Plumeria leaves in metabolic cage caused metabolic disorder of rice-field rat, which was significantly indicated by the decrease of the average consumption of food by 2.28 g and excretion of feces by 0.34 g, and also the increase of average consumption of beverage by 3.89 ml, excretion of urine by 3.15 ml, and body weight by 6.67 g. The treatment also caused daily activity patterns disorder of rice-field rats, which was significantly indicated by the increase of the average percentage of time for movement activities (locomotion) by 7.64 % and the decrease of time for eating and drinking activities (foraging) by 16.46 %. Conclusion: Methanol extract of Plumeria leaves affects a repellent for the rice-field rat.
The Development Of Managerial Innovations: From the Instrumental Approach to the Theory of the Diffusion of Innovations

For several years, companies have understood that the main factor for creating value and improving performance is the ability to innovate. Studies in fact show that innovation in business of any kind achieves its strategy with regard to competition and development. Among these innovations, we can cite managerial innovation which corresponds to any new management tool invented by organizations. We then deal in this paper with managerial innovation, trying to show the main literature which analyzes the modes of design and exploitation of new management tools. Our theoretical analysis shows that the study of new management tools has evolved from the instrumental approach to the approach of the theory of the diffusion of managerial innovations.
Study on Traditional Knowledge of Wild Edible Plants Used by the Mongolians in Xilingol Typical Steppe Area

The local herdsmen were served as informants,methods of interviews and voucher specimen collection and identification have been used to conduct ethnobotanical field investigations on wild edible plants in the Xilingol typical steppe area,Inner Mongolia.The results show that 29 species and two varieties of wild plants used for food and drinks by the Mongolians in Xilingol typical steppe area.The edible parts of the plants are whole plant,aerial parts,roots,stems,bulbs,leaves,flowers,fruits or/and seeds respectively.Among them,the leaf is the most widely used part.Six categories of food uses based on the mode of folk edible use were established to classify wild food plants,including wild grain,vegetables,fruit,substitute for tea,seasoning,and snacks.Among them,vegetables were the largest group,followed by plants used as substitute for tea,and plants used for seasoning.Wild plants are usually eaten raw or cooked by the local people.Raw materials and prepared food from wild plants are preserved through the method of pickling and drying.A distinguishing feature of region and ethnic group is that mutton,beef,fresh milk and yoghourt are necessarily used in cooking dish and making milk tea from wild plants by local Mongolians.
Dimension of Local Security – Selected Issues

Local security is the most tangible security category. Most often it is identified with the immediate living space of a person. Contemporary civilization processes and opportunities that result from them cause that man ceases to close himself only to the matters of his immediate environment. The development of self-governance, which started in the 1990s, and its three-level expansion, made citizens conscious participants of social life at the municipality, county and province level. The article presents selected issues related to the contemporary dimension of local security. Local boundaries determining the issues of this environment and examples of threats that may affect the sense of security of its inhabitants were indicated. The possibilities of counteracting threats to the local environment by setting the standards of the binding legal order were also presented.
Robotic System Development for Precision MRI-Guided Needle-Based Interventions

This dissertation describes the development of a methodology for implementing robotic systems for interventional procedures under intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) guidance. MRI is an ideal imaging modality for surgical guidance of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, thanks to its ability to perform high resolution, real-time, and high soft tissue contrast imaging without ionizing radiation. However, the strong magnetic filed and sensitivity to radio frequency signals, as well as tightly confined scanner bore render great challenges to developing robotic systems within MRI environment. Discussed are potential solutions to address engineering topics related to development of MRI-compatible electro-mechanical systems and modeling of steerable needle interventions. A robotic framework is developed based on a modular design approach, supporting varying MRI-guided interventional procedures, with stereotactic neurosurgery and prostate cancer therapy as two driving exemplary applications. A piezoelectrically actuated electro-mechanical system is designed to provide precise needle placement in the bore of the scanner under interactive MRI-guidance, while overcoming the chal-
Strawberry polyphenols-casein interaction: Impact on antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of binding of strawberry polyphenols with caseins/its different fractions (αs, β, and κ-casein) at different polyphenols concentration (0.5 to 5 mg/ml) as well as at different pH using protein precipitation technique. The polyphenols precipitation was observed to be ranged from 58% to 72% and found to be utmost with β-casein (72.7%), moderately lesser with κ- casein and least with whole casein at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. A decrease in DPPH radical scavenging activity from 29.95% to 30.28% was observed due to interactions of strawberry polyphenols (0.5 mg/ml) with casein and its different fractions (10 mg/ml). An additive effect was found in antioxidant activity determined by ORAC-FL assay in polyphenol- αs casein, polyphenol- β casein, polyphenol- κ casein and polyphenol- whole casein with the polyphenol concentration ranged from 0.5 mg/ml to 2.5 mg/ml. Binding of strawberry polyphenols with casein and its different fractions at different concentrations caused a decrease in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polyphenols. The change in pH of protein-polyphenol solution did not affect the α-glucosidase inhibition activity, demonstrating that no significant (p>0.05) variation takes place in polyphenols binding with whole casein, αs-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein either at pH 5.5 or 6.6.
Fast determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of sugar–acid composition of citrus juices for determination of industry maturity standards

ABSTRACT Predictive models using attenuated total reflectance/Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of citrus juices have been developed for determination of soluble solids (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and the Californian–Australian citrus industry BRIMA index. Generic models, developed using partial least squares regression, included fresh juices (n = 326) from grapefruit, lemon, mandarin (plus hybrids tangelo and tangor), oranges and interspecific hybrids. The models cover the ranges 4.0–17.6 °Brix, 0.08%–6.96% TA and −332–212 BRIMA units. Root mean square errors of prediction were 0.18 °Brix, 0.055% TA and 4 BRIMA, respectively. Spectral data acquisition time was 52 s per sample. Further analysis of navel oranges (n = 1470) demonstrated that improved models that analyse juices from single species give better prediction errors (0.12 °Brix, 0.027% TA, 3.1 BRIMA units) than generic models. It is suggested that FTIR analysis is a suitable replacement for manual titration for TA in countries where regulations allow adoption of new technologies, while simultaneously measuring SSC and industry maturity standards.
Comparison of Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics among Rice Hybrids with Different Leaf Rolling Index

Leaf rolling index(LRI), photosynthesis in adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) leaf surface, leaf angle, leaf erecting index and light extinction coefficient of 6 rice hybrids were investigated at the flowering and the 20 days after flowering in field conditions. The LRI of flag leaf reached 44%～47% in hybrids 65396 and Peiai64s/Zhangchao 123, and that only 10%～11% in hybrids Ⅱyou 162 and Shanyou 63. The photosynthesis ratio of abaxial to adaxial surface of flag leaves with higher LRI ranged from 1.19 to 1.32, and that with low LRI only from 0.82 to 0.85. The hybrids with higher and medium LRI had smaller leaf angle, higher leaf erecting index and low light extinction coefficient. LRI and its importance for super high yielding rice breeding was also discussed.
The Effects of Supra-Optimal Root Zone Temperature and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Phytonutritional Quality and Growth of Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. 'Rossa di Milano' and Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. 'Chandler'

ii Acknowledgments. iv Vita . v List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Root Zone Temperature and Mycorrhizae Influence Phytonutritional Quality of Red Onion and Strawberry . 1 Summary.
Inverse polymerase chain reaction amplification of T cell receptor β chain genes.

Objective To amplify the TCR β chain genes from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with Guillain Barre syndrome(GBS). Methods Peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from 6 patients with GBS and five healthy donors separately by lymphocyte separation medium. Total RNA was extracted by the acid guanidium thiocyanate phenol chloroform method. cDNA was synthesized using the cDNA synthesis system (Gibco BRL) and then blunt ended using DNA polymerase. The T 4 DNA ligase circulated double strand cDNA was used as the template for IPCR reaction. Amplified IPCR products were evaluated by 1.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.Results Peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from 5 of 6 patients with GBS showed productive TCR β chain gene rearrangements. In a similar analysis of 5 healthy donors, we could not observe any productive rearrangements. The concentration of cDNA in circulation was very important for IPCR amplification. High cDNA concentration promoted intra molecular ligation, thus decreased effective self circulation and affected amplification efficiency. It is important to optimize the protocols of IPCR for specific amplification.Conclusion IPCR is a useful method to evaluate unknown variable segments of rearranged TCR genes. It is easy to set up with high specificity of amplification due to both specific primers.
Influence of nutrients and Piriformospora indica on growth and biochemical attributes of african marigold cv. Pusa basanthi Gainda

The present investigation on African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Basanthi Gainda was conducted during Rabi season of 2016-2017 under agro-climatic condition of College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Y.S. R Kadapa Dt. The experiment was conducted to study the influence of nutrients and Piriformospora indica on growth and biochemical traits of marigold. The experiment was laid-out in Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice and consisting of 9 treatments. The results revealed that, taller plant (58.29 cm), higher leaf count (105.20 plant), early time to full flowering (59.55 days), longest root (19.21 cm), higher number of roots (127.33), root volume (39.33 m) and maximum root colonization of Piriformospora indica in marigold roots (75.09 per cent) was recorded in treatment combination T2. However, carotenoid (31.32 mg g) and total phenol content (76.55 mg g) recorded was highest in the treatment T5. While the treatment combinations viz., T4 and T3 recorded significantly maximum flavonoids (4.67 mg g) and carbohydrates (6.82 mg g), respectively.
Comparison of phosphorus use efficiency among clonal test plantations of Chinese fir.

The clones of Chinese fir with high phosphorus-use-efficiency(PUE) were selected to postpone the forestry soil fertility degradation effectively.Objected with 15 different clonal test plantations of Chinese fir of 17 year-old in Wuyi national forest farm of Zhangping in Fujian province,the biomass and phosphorus concentration of different organs were determined,and the biomass and accumulation of forest stand were analyzed,having a comparison among different clones of Chinese fir with different PUE.Main results showed the sorting of the biomass among different organs was stemrootliving branchbarkleafdead branch.The highest proportion of stem was M10 clone(65.48%),the second was M41(53.37%). The yield of dry matter of M41 was the highest,M17 following on.The stem biomass of M41 was the highest,which was 2.01 times of M45.The average phosphorus accumulation amount of different Chinese fir clone plantation stand was 125.12 kg·hm-2,that of M34 was the highest,which was 1.39 times of the average.On average,the PUE of whole tree of different Chinese fir clones was 4886.67 g·g-1,and that of M1 was the highest,M10 and M17 following on.In contrast,the whole-tree PUE of M34 was the lowest,M10,M9,M17 and M41 following on.By contrast,the stem PUE of M24,M34 and M37 was the least.In conclusion,M1,M10 and M17 were superior genotypes with high PUE.
Current Situation of the Research on the Germ Plasm Resources of Medicinal plant in China

The current situation of the research on the germ plasm resources of medicinal plant in China was reviewed in several respects, namely the investigation into wild germ plasm resources of medicinal plant and the research on the Protection Biology of the rare species and endangered species of medicinal plant, screening selecting and searches for the new biological species or varieties used as medicine, research on the authenticity of the germ plasm resources of medicinal plant, research on ethnic medicinal plant resources, research on the isolation of the active ingredients and the basic research on Pharmacology as well as research on the genetic diversity and Taxology of the germ plasm resources of medicinal plant. To counter the weak links, relevant proposals were put forward.
New records of the genus Iotonchus (Mononchida, Iotonchidae) for Vietnam fauna and an updated key to species from Vietnam

Five species of the genus Iotonchus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1950, viz. Iotonchus arcuatus, I. candelabri, I. paracutus, I. pusillus and I. singaporensis, were recorded for the first time in Vietnam. All newly recorded species were also redescribed and illustrated, these species are recorded from Cat Ba and Bidoup-Nui Ba National Parks. In addition, the current status of two species, I. helicus and I. thui, which were originally discovered in Vietnam was discussed. An updated key to all extant species from Vietnam is also provided.
Determination of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and total cationic milliequivalents in Spanish commercial honeys

SUMMARYSodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron and manganese contents, total ash content and total cationic milliequivalents in 21 samples of Spanish commercial honeys were determined after calcination of the samples and dissolution of the ash obtained in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined by atomic emission spectrophotometry; interference between sodium and potassium was corrected using a method based upon multiple linear regression. The other individual cations were determined using standard methods.When comparing measurements of the total cationic milliequivalents obtained by ion exchange chromatography and those obtained by summation of the individual cation determinations, linear regression analysis showed no evidence for systematic differences between the two sets of results.The mean value for ash (% wt/wt) was 0.192 and the mean values for the cations (mg/kg of honey) were: Na, 98; K, 653; Ca, 88; Mg, 38; Cu, 0.62; Fe, 5.3; Mn, 1.92.
One-step allele specific amplification for genotyping of NAT2 in Chinese subjects

Objective To establish a simplified one-step allele specific PCR amplification (ASA) for study the distribution of alleles of NAT2 polymorphism. Methods A one-step ASA was used to determine * 5, * 6 and * 7 alleles in 215 healthy Chinese subjects. Results The results obtained from one-step ASA were in consistent with those from two-step ASA. The NAT2 allele frequencies of *5, *6, *7 were 3.3%, 24.6% and 10.0%, respectively. The NAT2 genotype distribution for all detected combinations of NAT2 alleles in 215 Chinese subjects was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P0.05). Homozygous wildtype, heterozygous mutant and homozygous mutant subjects were 85 (39.5%), 96 (44.7%) and 34 (15.8%), respectively. Conclusion One-step ASA was proved to be accurate and convenient. It provides a basis for the use in rational drug therapy.