Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional source separation from magnetoencephalographic signals

We propose a novel cerebral source extraction method (functional source separation, FSS) starting from extra‐cephalic magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals in humans. It is obtained by adding a functional constraint to the cost function of a basic independent component analysis (ICA) model, defined according to the specific experiment under study, and removing the orthogonality constraint, (i.e., in a single‐unit approach, skipping decorrelation of each new component from the subspace generated by the components already found). Source activity was obtained all along processing of a simple separate sensory stimulation of thumb, little finger, and median nerve. Being the sources obtained one by one in each stage applying different criteria, the a posteriori “interesting sources selection” step is avoided. The obtained solutions were in agreement with the homuncular organization in all subjects, neurophysiologically reacting properly and with negligible residual activity. On this basis, the separated sources were interpreted as satisfactorily describing highly superimposed and interconnected neural networks devoted to cortical finger representation. The proposed procedure significantly improves the quality of the extraction with respect to a standard BSS algorithm. Moreover, it is very flexible in including different functional constraints, providing a promising tool to identify neuronal networks in very general cerebral processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Gaussian-Prioritized Approach for Deploying Additional Route on Existing Mass Transportation with Neural-Network-Based Passenger Flow Inference

Multi-criteria path planning is an important combinatorial optimization problem with broad real-world applications. Finding the Pareto-optimal set of paths ideal for all requiring features is time-consuming and unclear to obtain the subset of optimal paths efficiently for multiple origin states in the planning space. Meanwhile, due to the rise of deep learning, hybrid systems of computational intelligence thrive in recent years. When facing non-monotonic data or heuristics derived from pretrained neural networks, most of the existing methods for the oneto-all path problem fail to find an ideal solution. We employ Gaussian mixture model to propose a target-prioritized searching algorithm called Multi-Source Bidirectional Gaussian-Prioritized Spanning Tree (BiasSpan) in solving this non-monotonic multicriteria route planning problem given constraints including range, must-visit vertices, and the number of recommended vertices. Experimental results on mass transportation system in Tainan and Chicago cities show that BiasSpan outperforms comparative methods from 7% to 24% and runs in a reasonable time compared to state-of-art route-planning algorithms.
A hat matrix for monotonicity constrained B-spline and P-spline regression

Splines constitute an interesting way to flexibly estimate a nonlinear relationship between several covariates and a response variable using linear regression techniques. The popularity of splines is due to their easy application and hence the low computational costs since their basis functions can be added to the regression model like usual covariates. As long as no inequality constraints and penalties are imposed on the estimation, the degrees of freedom of the model estimation can be determined straightforwardly as the number of estimated parameters. This paper derives a formula for computing the hat matrix of a penalized and inequality constrained splines estimator. Its trace gives the degrees of freedom of the model estimation which are necessary for the calculation of several information criteria that can be used e.g. for specifying the parameters for the spline or for model selection.
Coherent phase-modulation transfer in counterpropagating parametric down-conversion

Material and structure engineering are increasingly employed in active optical media,in this context defined as media capable of providing laser or/and optical parametric gain. For laser materials, the main aim of the engineering is to tailor the absorption and emission cross sections in order to optimise the laser performance. At the same time, the engineering also results in a collateral modification of the material’s nonlinear response. In the first part of this work, the nonlinear index of refraction is characterised for two crystallographic forms of laser-ion doped and undoped double-tungstate crystals. These laser crystals have broad gain bandwidths, in particular when doped with Yb3+. As shown in this work, the crystals also have large Kerr nonlinearities, where the values vary significantly for different chemical compositions of the crystals. The combination of a broad gain bandwidthand a high Kerr nonlinearity makes the laser-ion doped double tungstates excellent candidates to employ for the generation of ultrashort laser pulses by Kerr-lens modelocking. The second part of the work relates to the applications of engineered second-order nonlinear media, which here in particular are periodically-poled KTiOPO4 crystals. Periodic structure engineering of second-order nonlinear crystals on a submicrometre scale opens up for the realisation of novel nonlinear devices. By the use of quasi-phase matching in these structures, it is possible to efficiently downconvert a pump wave into two counterpropagating parametric waves, which leads to a device called a mirrorless optical parametric oscillator. The nonlinear response in these engineered submicrometre structures is such that the parametric wave that propagates in the opposite direction of the pump automatically has a narrow bandwidth, whereas the parametric wave that propagates with the pump essentially is a frequency-shifted replica of the pump wave. The unusual spectral properties andthe tunabilities of mirrorless optical parametric oscillators are investigated.
All-Digital Simple Clock Synthesis Through a Glitch-Free Variable-Length Ring Oscillator

This brief presents a simple all-digital variable-length ring oscillator (VLRO) design that is capable of synchronously changing the output frequency while keeping a signal free of glitches or spurious oscillations at the frequency transitions. The correct operation of the proposed VLRO has been experimentally validated on a 90-nm Xilinx Spartan-3E field-programmable gate array, showing the ability to switch between 16 different frequencies (from 24.1 to 321 MHz for the nominal core supply voltage) under different supply voltages with the expected behavior.
Rapid factor XII (46C-->T) genotyping by fluorescence resonance energy transfer in patients with coronary artery disease or thrombophilia.

Blood coagulation factor XII (FXII; Hageman factor) is a serine protease. Its NH2-terminal portion binds to negatively charged surfaces, and its COOH-terminal portion contains the enzymatic active site (1). The human FXII gene is located on the chromosomal band 5q33-qter, and 12 kb of the gene (14 exons and 13 introns) have already been sequenced. FXII is converted by activation to a two-chain serine protease with an NH2-terminal heavy chain ( M r 50 000) and a COOH-terminal light chain ( M r 28 000), and activated FXII has been shown in vitro and in vivo to have a pivotal role in several pathways concerned with tissue defense and repair, including the initiation of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (2). Hereditary FXII deficiency [with almost no (<1%) FXII coagulant activity (FXIIc) in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state] does not cause a bleeding tendency. However, this deficiency can be detected in vitro because of a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Results from previous studies have indicated that FXII is involved in the pathogenesis of thrombophilic diseases and coronary artery disease (CAD): One study (3), but not another (4), indicated that decreased FXIIc is a risk factor for thrombophilia, whereas other studies have reported increased FXIIc in people with CAD (5)(6), suggesting a role of FXIIc in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This hypothesis is supported by findings that human endothelial cells possess receptors for FXII (7) and that FXII is activated by fatty acids in vitro (8) and increases postprandially (9). These effects might explain the particularly high risk for CAD in subjects with a disturbed triglyceride metabolism. Recently, a common polymorphism in the 5′-untranslated region of the FXII gene (46C→T) has been described. This polymorphism is …
Axial-Stereo 3-D Optical Metrology for Inner Profile of Pipes Using a Scanning Laser Endoscope

As the rapid progress in the development of optoelectronic components and computational power, 3-D optical metrology becomes more and more popular in manufacturing and quality control due to its flexibility and high speed. However, most of the optical metrology methods are limited to external surfaces. This article proposed a new approach to measure tiny internal 3-D surfaces with a scanning fiber endoscope and axial-stereo vision algorithm. A dense, accurate point cloud of internally machined threads was generated to compare with its corresponding X-ray 3-D data as ground truth, and the quantification was analyzed by Iterative Closest Points algorithm.
Studies on the stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus using absorbance - temperature profiles.

The main immunogenic component of FMD virus harvests is the intact 140S virus particle. For the production of stable vaccines it is important to ensure that virus strains having a stable capsid should be used. The method of measuring the heat stability of FMD virus by following the increase in optical density of purified virus during capsid breakdown as the temperature is increased was described in 1964 (P. Bachrach, 1964, J. Mol. Biol 8. 348). We have investigated this technique in the hope that it might provide a means of screening virus isolates rapidly to eliminate unstable strains. Using this method we have been unable to follow the course of virus breakdown from the absorbance profile alone. A much more precise indication has been obtained by including ribonuclease in the virus sample. This enhances the optical density rise which occurs when the capsid disintegrates and the RNA becomes accessible. A sigmoid curve is obtained from which 50% breakdown temperature can be calculated. The presence of RNase does not appear to alter the temperature at which breakdown occurs since parallel samples heated in the absence of RNase showed the same behaviour when virus breakdown was measured by sucrose gradient analysis. With a given virus preparation the method gives highly reproducible results. Typical standard deviations for the 50% breakdown point were about 0.5 degrees C. However, the results are influenced by the method of purification of the virus. Virus purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation was less stable than virus purified on sucrose gradients. Thus the environmental conditions through which the virus passes during processing may affect its stability. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A fast dynamic unipolar switching control scheme for single phase inverters in DC microgrids

This paper presents the digital implementation of a boundary controller with unipolar switching characteristic for single phase voltage source full bridge inverters, which will be used as an interface between a low voltage DC microgrid and AC loads. This paper expands the second order switching surface control method for single phase inverters by unipolar switching with the use of a finite-state machine. Compared to bipolar switching, unipolar switching has the advantage of lower switching losses and filter size. Besides, the switching losses can be equally distributed among semiconductor switches compared to conventional three-level inverter switching scheme. The operating principles of proposed control scheme and mathematical derivation of the switching functions will be given. A 550 VA, 120 V, 60 Hz voltage source inverter (VSI) with a digital signal processor has been implemented to verify the theoretical predictions. Experimental results for steady state operation at different loading conditions show a tightly regulated output voltage, for large-signal disturbances the control is fast and precise.
Identification of broken rotor bar fault and degree of loading in induction motor using neuro-wavelets

This paper presents a methodology for the detection of broken rotor bar fault in induction motor at different load conditions. Wavelet transform is applied to the stator current, for the extraction of the signature of the fault. These wavelet coefficients are fed as input to a feedforward neural network. The output of the neural network classifies the health of the rotor of the induction motor (healthy/ faulty), and also the load at which the machine is operating. The entire simulation is carried out using MATLAB. The proposed network has performance efficiency of 93.75%.
Virucidal effects of glucose oxidase and peroxidase or their protein conjugates on human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Glucose oxidase and peroxidase (lactoperoxidase or myeloperoxidase) are virucidal to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the presence of sodium iodide, as assessed by the loss of viral replication in a syncytium-forming assay or by the inhibition of cytopathic effects on infected cells. In the presence of low concentrations of sodium iodide, five HIV-1 isolates were equally susceptible to this virucidal system at enzyme concentrations of a few milliunits. The loss of viral replication was linearly related to the time of incubation in the enzyme solutions, with an inactivation rate of 1 log unit every 30 min. These enzymes and this halide were also cytotoxic to chronically infected, but not to uninfected, cultured CEM cells. Protein conjugates were prepared by using the enzymes and murine antibody 105.34, which recognized the V3 loop of HIV-1 LAI isolate surface glycoprotein, or recombinant human CD4. The protein conjugates inactivated free virus at rates similar to those of the free enzymes and were more effective than antibody or recombinant CD4 alone. These in vitro findings demonstrate that the peroxidase-H2O2-halide system provides potent virucidal activity against HIV-1.
A PWM fuzzy logic controller

Researchers usually implement fuzzy inference systems in software on digital computers or microprocessors. This approach copes with most problems, however real-time systems often require very short time responses. In this case, a hardware implementation becomes the only solution. This 1.5-μm CMOS implementation uses a current mode circuit to generate input membership functions and processes inferences using pulse width modulation.
An imbalance between glycolysis and glucose oxidation is a possible explanation for the detrimental effects of high levels of fatty acids during aerobic reperfusion of ischemic hearts.

High levels of fatty acids can decrease the recovery of previously ischemic hearts by inhibiting myocardial glucose use during reperfusion. We determined if this was due to a decrease in glycolysis or a decrease in glucose oxidation. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused with either 11 mM [2-3H/U-14C] glucose or 11 mM [2-3H/U-14C] glucose and 1.2 mM palmitate. In aerobically perfused hearts, the presence of fatty acids reduced glucose oxidation rates (from 1576 +/- 154 to 228 +/- 28 nmol/min.g dry weight, P < .05), with a nonsignificant reduction in glycolysis (from 3297 +/- 349 to 2798 +/- 343 nmol/min.g dry weight). If fatty acid perfused hearts were subjected to a 30-min period of ischemic function was 36%. Glucose oxidation rates during reperfusion were markedly lower than glycolytic rates (228 +/- 35 and 3096 +/- 576 nmol/min.g dry weight, respectively, P < .05). Dichloroacetate (1 mM) added during reperfusion significantly improved recovery of mechanical function to 96% of preischemic values. In these hearts, Dichloracetate increased glucose oxidation, while actually decreasing glycolytic rates (values during reperfusion were 501 +/- 136 and 1171 +/- 122 nmol/min.g dry weight, respectively). Insulin (500 microU/ml) added at reperfusion resulted in a small increase in glucose oxidation rates and a significant increase in glycolysis (375 +/- 66 and 4769 +/- 955 nmol/g dry weight.min, respectively). However, the presence of insulin at reperfusion did not improve recovery of function (hearts recovered 52% of preischemic function). We demonstrate that the detrimental effects of high concentrations of fatty acids after ischemia are primarily due to an inhibition of glucose oxidation, and not glycolysis, during the reperfusion period. Furthermore, increasing glucose oxidation during reperfusion has a beneficial effect on functional recovery of hearts.
Determining Plutonium Mass in Spent Fuel with Non-destructive Assay Techniques – NGSI Research Overview and Update on NDA Techniques , Part II

The second paper on the non-destructive assay techniques investigated under the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative considers innovative instrument designs capable of producing isotope-specific responses for quantifying the fissile material content of spent nuclear fuel. The present research goal is to assess whether expected signatures can be confidently obtained in realistic spent fuel safeguards applications, contribute to the establishment of Pu inventories and determine fissile material diversions at fuel storage, handling and reprocessing facilities. In certain cases, theoretical concepts are supported by the experimental data obtained in the simplified setups. The overall effort will be concluded by nominating the most promising techniques and their combinations for the full-scale demonstration involving actual nuclear fuel assemblies. This paper provides an overview of the following 6 photonand neutron-based techniques: Delayed Gamma, X-Ray Fluorescence, Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence, Passive Gamma, Lead Slowing-Down Spectrometry, and Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis.
False-Positive Transcription-Mediated Amplification Assay Detection of West Nile Virus in Blood from a Patient with Viremia Caused by an Usutu Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Detection of West Nile virus (WNV) by nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT) is used widely to screen blood and organ donations in areas where WNV is endemic. We report a false-positive result of a WNV transcription-mediated amplification assay (TMA) in a patient with viremia that was caused by Usutu virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus.
Strength training improves cycling performance, fractional utilization of VO2max and cycling economy in female cyclists

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding heavy strength training to well‐trained female cyclists’ normal endurance training on cycling performance. Nineteen female cyclists were randomly assigned to 11 weeks of either normal endurance training combined with heavy strength training (E+S, n = 11) or to normal endurance training only (E, n = 8). E+S increased one repetition maximum in one‐legged leg press and quadriceps muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) more than E (P < 0.05), and improved mean power output in a 40‐min all‐out trial, fractional utilization of VO2max and cycling economy (P < 0.05). The proportion of type IIAX‐IIX muscle fibers in m. vastus lateralis was reduced in E+S with a concomitant increase in type IIA fibers (P < 0.05). No changes occurred in E. The individual changes in performance during the 40‐min all‐out trial was correlated with both change in IIAX‐IIX fiber proportion (r = −0.63) and change in muscle CSA (r = 0.73). In conclusion, adding heavy strength training improved cycling performance, increased fractional utilization of VO2max, and improved cycling economy. The main mechanisms behind these improvements seemed to be increased quadriceps muscle CSA and fiber type shifts from type IIAX‐IIX toward type IIA.
A Radically Simple , Effective Annotation and Alignment Methodology for Semantic Frame Based SMT and MT Evaluation

We introduce a radically simple yet effective methodology for annotating and aligning semantic frames inexpensively using untrained lay annotators that is ideally suited for practical semantic SMT and evaluation applications. For example, recent work by Lo and Wu (2011) introduced MEANT and HMEANT, which are state-of-the-art metrics that evaluates translation meaning preservation via Propbank style of semantic frames. For such applications, however, we argue that the Propbank annotation are too complex and detailed, since they are aimed at training linguists to annotate semantic frames with gold standard accuracy. Instead, we believe that annotating semantic frames for such purposes should be as intuitive as understanding the basic event structure of a sentence, which any untrained human does effortlessly. We propose a simplified set of annotation guidelines consisting of half a page plus three annotated examples. Together with a graphical user interface designed to facilitate the annotation and comparison process by guiding untrained humans step by step, only 5 to 15 minutes are needed to train lay annotators. This allows the lay annotators to focus on understanding the translation to provide consistent and efficient annotation and comparison. The methodology is ‘cloud’ based to be truly platform independent, installation-free and portable.
Multimedia Messaging Service acceptance of pre- and post-adopters: a sociotechnical perspective

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) may be one of the killer applications in mobile internet. While past studies using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to predict acceptance behaviour from a technology perspective, little is known about the report of social perspective on the acceptance behaviour. This study presents an extended TAM that integrates the social influence theory, Perceived User Resource into the TAM to investigate what determines the MMS acceptance of pre- and post-adopters. The proposed model was empirically tested using a data collected from a survey of 238 MMS pre- and post-adopters. The findings indicate that pre-adopters were mainly attracted by technological factors, whereas post-adopters were influenced by social determinants. The result suggests that the practitioner should make efforts to societal as well as technological motivation.
CLOSED CERVICAL CRANIAL TRAUMA ASSOCIATED WITH INVOLVEMENT OF CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERIES.

I NJURY of the carotid and the vertebral system may occur as a result of closed impacts to the head and neck. In jury of these vessels is more common with perforating and penetrating wounds of the neck and head. Tear or thrombosis of the carotid artery associated with perforating wounds of the neck, thrombosis of the carotid ar tery with fracture of the mandible, and tear of carotid and vertebral arteries caused by stab wounds have been described frequently. In jury of the vertebral ar tery by perforating wounds is seen less commonly. In this paper, the literature on this subject will be reviewed, and a report will be made of 5 patients who have had carotid and vertebral vessels involved as a result of closed impacts of the neck and head.