Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma platensis’, a novel taxon associated with daisy (Bellis perennis) virescence and related diseases in South America

Bellis perennis virescence (BellVir) phytoplasma affects ornamental daisies in Argentina. It has been previously classified within the X-disease group, subgroup III-J, which is one of the most important and widely distributed in South America, affecting diverse plant hosts. In this study, we compared 16S rRNA, ribosomal proteins rpIV and rps3, secA and immunodominant proteins imp and idpA genes of BellVir phytoplasma with previously described ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species. The 16S rRNA gene of strain BellVir shared less than 97.5% with all previously described ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’ taxa except for ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’. According to the recommended rules for the description of novel taxa within ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’, it should be considered as ‘Ca. P. pruni’-related strain. However, multilocus analysis showed further molecular diversity that distinguished BellVir phytoplasma from ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’. Besides, BellVir phytoplasma and 16SrIII-J related strains have a geographical distribution restricted to South America, where ‘Ca. P.pruni’ has not been detected. Two insect vectors have been reported to transmit 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas, which have not been found to transmit ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’. Having a wide host range, they have not been detected in Prunus persica. Therefore, based on multilocus sequence analyses, specific vector transmission and geographical distribution, we propose the recognition of the novel phytoplasma species ‘Ca. Phytoplasma platensis’, within the X-disease clade, with Bellis perennis virescence phytoplasma as the reference strain.
Deep learning of representations for transcriptomics-based phenotype prediction

The ability to predict health outcomes from gene expression would catalyze a revolution in molecular diagnostics. This task is complicated because expression data are high dimensional whereas each experiment is usually small (e.g., ∼20,000 genes may be measured for ∼100 subjects). However, thousands of transcriptomics experiments with hundreds of thousands of samples are available in public repositories. Can representation learning techniques leverage these public data to improve predictive performance on other tasks? Here, we report a comprehensive analysis using different gene sets, normalization schemes, and machine learning methods on a set of 24 binary and multiclass prediction problems and 26 survival analysis tasks. Methods that combine large numbers of genes outperformed single gene methods, but neither unsupervised nor semi-supervised representation learning techniques yielded consistent improvements in out-of-sample performance across datasets. Our findings suggest that using l2-regularized regression methods applied to centered log-ratio transformed transcript abundances provide the best predictive analyses.
Non-revisiting Coverage Task with Minimal Discontinuities for Non-redundant Manipulators

—A theoretically complete solution to the optimal Non-revisiting Coverage Path Planning (NCPP) problem of any arbitrarily-shaped object with a non-redundant manipulator is proposed in this work. Given topological graphs of surface cells corresponding to feasible and continuous manipulator conﬁgura- tions, the scheme is aimed at ensuring optimality with respect to the number of surface discontinuities, and extends the existing provable solution attained for simply-connected conﬁguration cell topologies to any arbitrary shape. This is typically classiﬁed through their genus, or the number of “holes” which appear increasingly as conﬁgurations are further constrained with the introduction of additional metrics for the task at hand, e.g. manipulability thresholds, clearance from obstacles, end-effector orientations, tooling force/torque magnitudes, etc. The novel contribution of this paper is to show that no matter what the resulting topological shapes from such quality cell constraints may be, the graph is ﬁnitely solvable, and a multi- stage iterative solver is designed to ﬁnd all such optimal solutions.
Speech fine structure contains critical temporal cues to support speech segmentation

Segmenting the continuous speech stream into units for further perceptual and linguistic analyses is fundamental to speech recognition. The speech amplitude envelope (SE) has long been considered a fundamental temporal cue for segmenting speech. Does the temporal fine structure (TFS), a significant part of speech signals often considered to contain primarily spectral information, contribute to speech segmentation? Using magnetoencephalography, we show that the TFS entrains cortical oscillatory responses between 3-6 Hz and demonstrate, using mutual information analysis, that (i) the temporal information in the TFS can be reconstructed from a measure of frame-to-frame spectral change and correlates with the SE and (ii) that spectral resolution is key to the extraction of such temporal information. Furthermore, we show behavioural evidence that, when the SE is temporally distorted, the TFS provides cues for speech segmentation and aids speech recognition significantly. Our findings show that it is insufficient to investigate solely the SE to understand temporal speech segmentation, as the SE and the TFS derived from a band-filtering method convey comparable, if not inseparable, temporal information. We argue for a more synthetic view of speech segmentation – the auditory system groups speech signals coherently in both temporal and spectral domains.
Complete mitochondrial genome of two shorebirds (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae), great knot (Calidris tenuirostris) and bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica)

Abstract The mitochondrial genome of Calidris tenuirostris and Limosa lapponica were described using the whole mitochondrial genome obtained from Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Total length of the mitogenome of C. tenuirostris was 16,732bp with slight A+T bias (55.3%). Genome size of L. lapponica was 16,773bp long and A+T biased (56.3%). Both gemones consisting of 2 rRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 non-coding regions. This is the first report of complete mitogenomes of these two shorebird species, (C. tenuirostris and of L. lapponica). We observed paraphyletic relationship among the species in the Family Scolopacidae. Also our result showed analogous patterns with the previous studies on the parallel relationships of shorebird species. This study provides basic genetic information for help in understanding phylogenetic relationships . within the Charadriiformes.
A Summative Content Analysis of Stress and Coping among Parents of Children with Autism

Abstract Sixty-nine married couples who had a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) described their experiences in an online survey. Using Grounded theory thematic analysis and summative content analysis, three broad categories that encompassed 10 codes emerged from the data. These categories were “Parenting Experience” (range of feelings, emphasis on difficulties, and emphasis on growth), “Impact of Parenting Stress on the Couple Relationship” (both strains upon and growth derived from the couple relationship), and “Coping with Parenting Stress” (ranging from poor coping with no couple communication to healthy coping strategies facilitated by the couple relationship). Implications for research and practice are given.
Workers' debt-financed consumption: a supermultiplier stock–flow consistent model

This paper presents a supermultiplier stock–flow consistent model of economic growth led by debt-financed consumption of workers. In so doing it tries to shed light on the financial requirements of growth trajectories based on induced investment. The model explicitly derives the aggregate financial needs of both workers and firms and how these needs can be met by the banking sector – mapping out all the stock and flow implications of the assumed financial transactions for all sectors of the economy at hand. An analytic solution for the nature of the steady states of the model is then provided and its dynamic properties analysed by means of computer simulations.
BAKTERI ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI AKAR Eurycoma longifolia DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PENGENDALI JAMUR PATOGEN TANAMAN

Eurycoma longifolia (pasak bumi) is known as a medicinal plant that contains b iologically active compound s . S tud ies on endophytic bacteria associated with pasak bumi and their biocontrol activities have not been widely reported . The objective of this study is to isolate potential endophytic bacteria associated with E. longifolia possessing biocontrol activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of E. longifolia using the plant piece method and identified based on 16S rRNA genes analysis . Antagonist test of bacterial isolates was conducted by dual confrontation method. The mechanisms of fungal growth inhibition were evaluated based on their ability to produce hydroly tic enzymes, antibiotic, and volatile organic compound s . Two isolates were obtained and identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Apb1 ) and Serratia marcescens (Apb2) . Apb2 was able to inhibit the growth of four tested fungi and showed protease, chitinase as well as cellulase activities . The crude extract and volatile organi c compound produced by Apb2 were activ e against F. solani growth. Keywords: biocontrol, endophytic, Eurycoma longifolia , fungi, inhibition mechanism ABSTRAK Eurycoma longifolia (pasak bumi) dikenal sebagai tanaman obat yang mengandung beberapa senyawa aktif secara biologis. Penelitian mengenai bakteri endofit yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman pasak bumi berikut aktivitas biokontrolnya belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri endofit potensial dari tanaman E . longifolia yang memiliki aktivitas biokontrol terhadap empat strain uji jamur patogen tanaman, yaitu Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari akar E. longifola menggunakan metode plant piece dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan analisis gen 16S rRNA. Uji antagonis isolat bakteri dilakukan dengan metode konfrontasi ganda. Mekanisme penghambatan jamur patogen tanaman dievaluasi berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam memproduksi enzim hidrolisis, senyawa antibiotik, dan senyawa organik volatil. Dua isolat bakteri endofit berhasil diperoleh dan teridentifikasi sebagai Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Apb1) dan Serratia marcescens (Apb2). Isolat Apb2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan keempat jamur yang diuji dan menunjukkan aktivitas protease, kitinase dan selulase. Ekstrak kasar dan senyawa organik volatil yang dihasilkan oleh isolat Apb2 aktif menghambat pertumbuhan F. solani.
Numerical Approach for Solving Delay Differential Equations with Boundary Conditions

In the present paper, a fifth-order direct multistep block method is proposed for solving the second-order Delay Differential Equations (DDEs) directly with boundary conditions using constant step size. In many life sciences applications, a delay plays an essential role in modelling natural phenomena with data simulation. Thus, an efficient numerical method is needed for the numerical treatment of time delay in the applications. The proposed direct block method computes the numerical solutions at two points concurrently at each computed step along the interval. The types of delays involved in this research are constant delay, pantograph delay, and time-dependent delay. The shooting technique is utilized to deal with the boundary conditions by applying a Newton-like method to guess the next initial values. The analysis of the proposed method based on the order, consistency, convergence, and stability of the method are discussed in detail. Four tested problems are presented to measure the efficiency of the developed direct multistep block method. The numerical simulation indicates that the proposed direct multistep block method performs better than existing methods in terms of accuracy, total function calls, and execution times.
I Own, So I Help Out: How Psychological Ownership Increases Prosocial Behavior

This article explores the consequences of psychological ownership going beyond the specific relationship with the possession to guide behavior in unrelated situations. Across seven studies, we find that psychological ownership leads to a boost in self-esteem, which encourages individuals to be more altruistic. In addition, we show that the effect of psychological ownership on prosocial behavior is not driven by self-efficacy, perceived power, reciprocity, feeling well-off, or affect. Examining materialism and mine-me sensitivity as individual differences moderating the effect of psychological ownership on prosocial behavior, we find that the effect does not hold for individuals low on materialism or mine-me sensitivity. Finally, we attenuate the effect of psychological ownership on prosocial tendencies by making the negative attributes of one’s possessions relevant.
A hydrodynamic mechanism for cytoplasmic transfer between mammalian cells: Cell-projection pumping

We earlier reported cytoplasmic fluorescence exchange between cultured human fibroblasts (Fib) and malignant cells (MC). Others report similar transfer via either tunneling nanotubes (TNT) or shed membrane vesicles and this changes the phenotype of recipient cells. Our current time-lapse microscopy showed most exchange was from Fib into MC, with less in the reverse direction. Although TNT were seen, we were surprised transfer was not via TNT, but was instead via fine and often branching cell projections that defied direct visual resolution because of their size and rapid movement. Their structure was revealed nonetheless, by their organellar cargo and the grooves they formed indenting MC. Discrete, rapid and highly localized transfer events, evidenced against a role for shed vesicles. Transfer coincided with rapid retraction of the cell-projections, suggesting a hydrodynamic mechanism. Increased hydrodynamic pressure in retracting cell-projections normally returns cytoplasm to the cell body. We hypothesize ‘cell-projection pumping’ (CPP), where cytoplasm in retracting cell-projections partially equilibrates into adjacent recipient cells via micro-fusions that form temporary inter-cellular cytoplasmic continuities. We tested plausibility for CPP by combined mathematical modelling, comparison of predictions from the model with experimental results, and then computer simulations based on experimental data. The mathematical model predicted preferential CPP into cells with lower cell stiffness, expected from equilibration of pressure towards least resistance. Predictions from the model were satisfied when Fib were co-cultured with MC, and fluorescence exchange related with cell stiffness by atomic force microscopy. When transfer into 5000 simulated recipient MC or Fib was studied in computer simulations, inputting experimental cell stiffness and donor cell fluorescence values generated transfers to simulated recipient cells similar to those seen by experiment. We believe CPP is a novel mechanism in mammalian inter-cellular cytoplasmic transfer and communication.
Scientific Rationale for RPE Use in Fitness Assessment and Exercise Participation

Copyright © 2020 American C INTRODUCTION hysical exertion is a universal part of the exercise experience. Measurement of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) has become almost as common in exP physiology and fitness assessment as heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (V̇O2). This article aims to present a scientific rationale for the use of RPE in exercise testing procedures and training intensity regulation. Knowledge related to RPE can provide benefit to practitioners in their work with patients, clients, and athletes. The effective use of RPE for both exercise testing and fitness programming can enhance the process of improving health and fitness.
RETINAL TISSUE PERFUSION REDUCTION BEST DISCRIMINATES EARLY STAGE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

PURPOSE To determine retinal microcirculation measured as retinal tissue perfusion (RTP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and to compare its discrimination ability to that of retinal microvasculature and microstructure. METHODS Thirty eyes of 18 patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 20 eyes of 20 age-matched and gender-matched normal controls were imaged. Retinal blood flow velocity and flow rate were measured using a retinal function imager. Retinal vessel density (Dbox) and intraretinal layer thicknesses were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retinal tissue perfusion was measured as retinal blood flow divided by the volume of the inner retina. RESULTS Compared with normal control, RTP, vessel density, and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy showed significant reduction (P < 0.05). Retinal tissue perfusion had the best discrimination power (area under the curve = 0.97), with a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 85.0%. In the eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, RTP correlated with arteriolar blood flow velocity (r = 0.403, P = 0.027) but was unrelated to vessel density in any layer (r = -0.010 to 0.261, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Because of its highest discrimination power, RTP may become a promising biomarker for detecting early-stage diabetic retinopathy.
Optimal Frequency Support of Variable-Speed Hydropower Plants at Telemark and Vestfold, Norway: Future Scenarios of Nordic Power System

The integration of renewable resources is quickly growing in the Nordic power system (NPS), and it has led to increasing challenges for the operation and control of the NPS. Nordic countries require that the first-generation power plants have a more flexible operation regime to overcomes power imbalances coming from fluctuations of the demand and supply. This paper assesses optimal frequency support of variable-speed hydropower plants installed in Telemark and Vestfold, Norway, considering future scenarios of NPS. The total kinetic energy of the NPS is expected to be significantly reduced in the future. This paper looks into the implementation of hydropower units with a variable-speed operation regime and battery energy storage systems (BESS), equipped with fast-active power controller (FAPC) technology, to provide fast frequency response after a system frequency disturbance. The frequency support was formulated as an optimization process; therefore, the parameter of the FAPC was optimally calculated for future scenarios of low inertia in NPS. Three main futures scenarios were developed for technology penetration in the Vestfold and Telemark area in Norway. The simulation results showed that the integration variable-speed hydropower units and BESS technologies improved the frequency response even in low-kinetic energy scenarios.
Instagram User Experience in Learning Graphic Design

Mobile phone technology offers new opportunities to integrate face-to-face learning also other models of learning. Instagram is mostly only used for business and public figure exposure. But we see a tendency to use Instagram that students use in learning graphic design as a way to access content, publish work and learning outcomes using mobile phone. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison of the average value of In-diagram assisted creative learning and measure the user experience (UX) of Instagram in learning graphic design. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pseudo experiment of non equivalent control group de-sign to find a comparison of the average value of student learning outcomes in the Statistical Test with MANOVA and to find out the average value of UX with UEQ Instagram benchmarks for learning graphic design. The results of the study there are significant differences (real) the average value between the experimental class group and the control class group. UX test results are on four scales that are categorized as ex-excellent, namely the scale of Attractiveness, efficiency, dependability, stimulation. One perspicuity scale is above average and the novelty scale is good, the mean range is 1.33-2.00 according to the UEQ benchmark interval. The implication of this research is that Instagram through mobile phone technology is effectively used for the creative learning of graphic design lessons and needs to be developed as a medium for the development of teaching materials on all subject matter.
Inoculum size effects in blaIMP-6 and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene-positive Enterobacteriaceae in Japan

The aim of this study was to examine the resistance genes in clinical isolates which produced IMP-6 type metallo-β-lactamase lactamase (MBL) and had mildly reduced susceptibilities to levofloxacin and/or amikacin. The inoculum size effect was also assessed. A total of 14 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (2 Escherichia coli and 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae) which produced IMP-6 MBL, and had mild increases in their MICs for levofloxacin and amikacin were examined. Thirteen out of 14 isolates harbored CTX-M-2, with the remaining isolate co-harboring CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-1 as ESBLs. All isolates carried one or more PMQRs; aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most prevalent (92.8%), followed by oqxA (64.3%), qnrS (42.9%), oqxAB (21.4%), and qnrB (14.3%). The inoculum size effects were significant in all strains for meropenem, 13 for imipenem, 7 for levofloxacin, and 3 for amikacin. Conjugation was successfully performed with 8 isolates and 11 strains were obtained. Eleven of the experimental strains (100%), and 8 strains (72.7%) showed inoculum size effects for meropenem and imipenem, respectively. No inoculum size effect was seen for levofloxacin. Four strains harbored qnr genes and 2 strains harbored qnr genes and QRDR mutations concurrently. blaIMP-6 positive Enterobacteriaceae with mildly reduced susceptibilities to levofloxacin and/or amikacin also harbored at least one plasmid-mediated drug resistance gene. These represent an unrecognized threat, capable of compromising the in vitro activity of many classes of antimicrobial agents. We conclude that IMP-6 MBL plays an important role in decreasing the MIC for carbapenems, whereas qnr does not for levofloxacin.
The future of work and play: From automated vehicles to working from home

ABSTRACT How can technology support workers in our rapidly changing world? How can we help them be productive and creating, and how can we support their overall wellbeing? Our team explores these broad questions for two specific areas: working in future automated vehicles, and working from home. We argue that making progress in these areas will require convergent research – the type of research in which experts from multiple backgrounds create new languages of expression and new approaches that integrate disciplines. In this document we present our own steps towards such a convergent research approach to the future of work and play. Keywords work from home, automated vehicles, convergent research ABOUT THE AUTHOR/S Andrew L. Kun University of New Hampshire andrew.kun@unh.edu Orit Shaer Wellesley College oshaer@wellesley.edu Raffaella Sadun Harvard Business School rsadun@hbs.edu Linda Ng Boyle University of Washington linda@uw.edu John D. Lee University of Wisconsin – Madison John.d. lee@wisc.edu New Future of Work 2020, August 3–5, 2020 © 2020 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).