Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of the extreme centaur and super-comet candidate 2013 AZ60

We present estimates of the basic physical properties -- including size and albedo -- of the extreme Centaur 2013 AZ60. These properties have been derived from optical and thermal infrared measurements. Our optical measurements revealed a likely full period of ~9.4 h with a shallow amplitude of 4.5%. By combining optical brightness information and thermal emission data, we are able to derive a diameter of 62.3 +/- 5.3 km and a geometric albedo of 2.9% -- corresponding to an extremely dark surface. Additionally, our finding of ~> 50 Jm^{-2}K^{-1}s^{-1/2} for the thermal inertia is also noticeably for objects in such a distance. The results of dynamical simulations yield an unstable orbit, with a 50% probability that the target will be ejected from the Solar System within 700,000 years. The current orbit of this object as well as its instability could imply a pristine cometary surface. This possibility is in agreement with the observed low geometric albedo and red photometric colour indices for the object, which are a good match for the surface of a dormant comet -- as would be expected for a long-period cometary body approaching perihelion. Despite the fact it was approaching ever closer to the Sun, however, the object exhibited star-like profiles in each of our observations, lacking any sign of cometary activity. By the albedo, 2013 AZ60 is a candidate for the darkest body among the known TNOs.
The Theoretically Studies and Field Testing of Self-Insulation Exterior Wall in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation of the exterior wall is a more feasible design to satisfy the energy efficiency of buildings in the zone. However, the systematic research is urgently needed for the self-insulation of the exterior wall in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The paper tested the thermal performance of the common non-clay materials such as shale sintered hollow brick, sand autoclaved aerated concrete block, etc. by means of indoor experiments. The energy efficiency effect of the common materials was verified using dynamic calculation soft PKPM and several constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge were simulated, too. Besides, the tests of the thermal performance of exterior wall in real constructions were carried out to testify the practical effect of the recommended constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge. The conclusions are: the physical and thermal properties of the six non-clay wall material are better than the clay porous brick; the thermal performance of the non-clay brick can be improved obviously through the rational arrangement of the holes; shale sintered hollow brick after increasing the holes and rationalizing the hole arrangement and sand autoclaved aerated concrete block are recommended for buildings in the hot summer and cold winter area of China. The dynamic calculation results show that the thermal performances of the non-clay materials are all satisfied with the energy efficiency; The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall with composition ③, in which the main wall was sand autoclaved aerated concrete block and the material on the heat bridge was sand autoclaved aerated concrete plate, is the smallest among the three recommended compositions.
UNIFAN: A Tool for Unsupervised Single-Cell Clustering and Annotation

UNIFAN is an unsupervised cell type annotation tool for single-cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA-seq). Given single-cell expression data as input, UNIFAN outputs cell clusters as well as annotations for each cluster. The clustering process utilizes information on pathways and biological processes and these are also used to annotate the resulting clusters. In this software article, we focus on how to install UNIFAN and on the main steps involved in using UNIFAN for cell type annotations.
Experience of Playing a Musical Instrument and Lifetime Change in General Cognitive Ability: Evidence From the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

We tested whether experience of playing a musical instrument was associated with lifetime change in cognitive ability. Participants were 366 older adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 who had completed general cognitive-ability assessments at ages 11 and 70 and reported their lifetime experience of playing a musical instrument at age 82. This sample included 117 participants with musical-instrument experience, mostly at a beginner or an intermediate level. There was a small, statistically significant positive association between experience of playing a musical instrument and change in general cognitive ability between ages 11 and 70; specifically, individuals with more musical-instrument experience were likely to show greater gains in general cognitive ability. This association was reduced but remained statistically significant following adjustment for covariates (childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status, years of education, and disease history). These findings suggest that playing a musical instrument is associated with a long-term cognitive advantage.
Melatonin improves cardiac remodeling and brain–heart sympathetic hyperactivation aggravated by light disruption after myocardial infarction

Light in the external environment might affect cardiovascular function. The light disruption seems to be related to changes in cardiovascular physiological functions, and disturbing light may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Prior studies have found that light disruption after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates cardiac remodeling, and the brain‐heart sympathetic nervous system may be one of the key mechanisms. However, how to improve light‐disrupted cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland and controlled by endogenous circadian oscillators within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is closely associated with light/dark cycle. This study aimed to explore whether melatonin could improve light‐disrupted cardiac remodeling and modulate the brain‐heart sympathetic nervous system. Our study revealed that light disruption reduced serum melatonin levels, aggravated cardiac sympathetic remodeling, caused overactivation of the brain‐heart sympathetic nervous system, exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, and increased cardiac fibrosis after MI, while melatonin treatment improved light disruption‐exacerbated cardiac remodeling and brain‐heart sympathetic hyperactivation after MI. Furthermore, RNA‐Seq results revealed the significant changes at the cardiac transcription level. In conclusion, melatonin may be a potential therapy for light‐disrupted cardiac remodeling.
MHD-neutral Model of the Outer Heliosphere

We describe a newly developed package of scientific programs which is developed for solution of multi-scale space physics and astrophysics problems involving flows of charged and neutral particles that require gas dynamic, MHD, and kinetic treatment. The results are presented of the package application to numerical modeling of the outer heliosphere formed by the interaction of the solar wind with the circum-heliospheric interstellar medium.
Prediction models for risk of diabetic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and serious complication in patients with diabetic mellitus (DM), the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality also increases in DKD patients. This study aimed to detect the influencing factors of DKD in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients, and construct DKD prediction models and nomogram for clinical decision-making. Methods A total of 14,628 patients with T2DM were included. These patients were divided into pre-DKD and non-DKD groups, depending on the occurrence of DKD during a 3-year follow-up from first clinic attendance. The influencing indicators of DKD were analyzed, the prediction models were established by multivariable logistic regression, and a nomogram was drawn for DKD risk assessment. Results Two prediction models for DKD were built by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Model 1 was created based on 17 variables using the forward selection method, Model 2 was established by 19 variables using the backward elimination method. The Somers’ D values of both models were 0.789. Four independent predictors were selected to build the nomogram, including age, UACR, eGFR, and neutrophil percentages. The C-index of the nomogram reached 0.864, suggesting a good predictive accuracy for DKD development. Conclusions Our prediction models had strong predictive powers, and our nomogram provided visual aids to DKD risk calculation, which was simple and fast. These algorithms can provide early DKD risk prediction, which might help to improve the medical care for early detection and intervention in T2DM patients, and then consequently improve the prognosis of DM patients.
Pain After Preoperative Ultrasound Guided Hip Injections for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction. Hip replacement is a frequently performed and highly successful treatment for patients with end stage osteoarthritis. Advances in technique and pain management have allowed for rapid mobilization and early discharge after surgery. We hypothesize that pre-incision intra-articular injection of local anesthetic with epinephrine under image guidance combined with post incision peri-articular injection (PAI) may be more effective than PAI alone. Methods. A prospective, randomized, controlled, comparative investigation at a single institution of 41 patients undergoing THA who received standard 30 mL post-arthrotomy, PAI of ropivacaine with epinephrine under direct visualization after prosthesis implantation before closure or an equivalent dose divided into a 10 mL pre-incision, ultrasound guided intra-articular injection and a 20 mL post-arthrotomy PAI. Results. 42 patients were included in this study before its early conclusion with 22 patients in the treatment group and 20 in the control group. There were no significant differences in age, BMI or ASA scores. Additionally, there were no significant differences noted when comparing groups by postoperative outcome measures including OMME, EBL, OR time, PACU minutes, and first and last PACU pain score. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the PROMs evaluated. Discussion. The addition of ultrasound guided pre-incision intra-articular injection to the standard PAI had no benefit when compared with standard PAI during a THA. Portable mobile phone based ultrasound devices provide a cost effective way to perform musculoskeletal blocks, and further studies on their use and comparative accuracy is warranted. A novel technique for confirmation of injection location is described.
Synthesis of Atropisomeric Hydrazides by One‐Pot Sequential Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Catalysis

Abstract The first catalytic enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of atropisomeric hydrazides was achieved using a sequential catalysis protocol. This strategy is based on a one‐pot sequence of two organocatalytic cycles featuring the enamine amination of branched aldehydes followed by nitrogen alkylation under phase‐transfer conditions. The resulting axially chiral hydrazides were obtained directly from commercially available reagents in high yields and with good stereocontrol. The permutation of organocatalysts allowed easy access to all stereoisomers, enabling a stereodivergent approach to enantioenriched atropisomeric hydrazides.
Transversal designs and partitions associated with Frobenius groups.

Transversal designs are the structures dual to the well-known nets. The study of both increased very much in the last years (e.g. [10], [13], [15], [20]) äs they are an important tool in constructing block designs (cf. [8]) and since they correspond to mutually orthogonal Latin squares. In [14] Jungnickel gives examples of transversal designs admitting a Frobenius group äs a point-transitive translation group. In the present article we construct further designs with this property (cf. Corollary 3. 3) and characterize all such transversal designs associated with Frobenius groups with abelian kernel (Theorem 3. 4). When studying these designs we are confronted with the question whether there are partitions of Frobenius groups other than the Frobenius partitions and their refinements. In Theorem 1.6 we give an affirmative answer by constructing such partitions with all components different from the Frobenius complements. Acknowledgement. The author wishes to thank G. Stroth for motivating discussions concerning Frobenius groups.
The influence of Latino cultural values on the perceived caregiver role of family members with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

ABSTRACT Objectives We explored how Latino cultural values play a role in perceived caregiving experiences. Design We conducted a qualitative study that used individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with middle-aged and older Latinos who were primary caregivers of family members with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). The interview guide consisted of questions about participants’ perceptions of family caregiving and interrelationships between the caregiver and care recipient. The interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim. We performed direct content analysis. Results Participants were caregivers, 50–75 years old (n = 16), and the majority were female. We identified four cultural values that were salient to participants’ caregiving experiences: (a) familismo, (b) fatalismo (c) marianismo, and (d) machismo. Conclusion Latino cultural values influenced the role of caregiving and caregiving roles of family members with ADRD. Future research should consider these values as they affect different familial and health dynamics.
Mutational analysis in sodium-borate cotransporter SLC4A11 in consanguineous families from Punjab, Pakistan

Aim To identify the molecular basis of Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy CHED caused by mutations in SLC4A11, in the consanguineous Pakistani families. Methods A total of 7 consanguineous families affected with Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy were diagnosed and registered with the help of ophthalmologists. Blood samples were collected from affected and unaffected members of the enrolled families. Mutational analysis was carried out by DNA sequencing using both Sanger and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). Probands of each pedigree from the 7 families were used for WES. Results were analyzed with the help of different bioinformatics tools. Results The sequencing results demonstrated three known homozygous mutations in gene SLC4A11 in probands of 7 families. These mutations p.Glu675Ala, p.Val824Met, and p.Arg158fs include 2 missense and 1 frameshift mutation. The mutations result in amino acids that were highly conserved in SLC4A11 across different species. The mutations were segregated with the disease phenotype in the families. Conclusion This study reports 3 mutations in 7 families. One of the pathogenic mutations (p.R158fs) was identified for the first time in the Pakistani population. However, two mutations (p.Glu675Ala, p.Val824Met) were previously reported in two and one Pakistani family respectively. As these mutations segregate with the disease phenotype and bioinformatics tool also liable them as pathogenic, they are deemed as probable cause of underlying disease.
Diagnostic Value of Lateral Ankle Radiography in Achilles Tendon Rupture

Introduction: Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a common sports injury, but approximately 20% of acute ATR cases are misdiagnosed as ankle sprains at first presentation. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of lateral ankle radiography in the diagnosis of acute ATR. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study in which the lateral ankle radiographs of patients who presented to the emergency department between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 were examined. The study included a total of 154 patients with acute ATR, who underwent lateral ankle radiography at the presentation and were surgically or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed to have ATR in our hospital. The lateral ankle radiographs of the patients were examined by 2 clinicians blinded to clinical data for the following 3 findings: Kager’s fat pad sign, tibio-first metatarsal angle, and tibiocalcaneal angle. The same procedure was repeated for 308 controls who underwent lateral ankle radiography and were diagnosed with ankle sprain. Results: Kager’s fat pad sign was detected in 133 (86.4%) of the 154 patients with ATR and 26 (8.4%) of the 308 patients in the control group. The Kager’s fat pad sign, tibio-first metatarsal angle, and tibiocalcaneal angle sensitivity values for the diagnosis of ATR were 86.4%, 61.7%, and 65.6%, respectively, and their specificity values were 91.6%, 78.9%, and 56.2%, respectively. Interobserver reliability was determined to be good for all 3 radiographic findings. Conclusion: Clinicians should be particularly aware of Kager’s fat pad sign when examining lateral ankle radiographs for ankle injury. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Case control study
The Trend and Prediction of Cervical Cancer Incidence in Delhi, India: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the trend of age-standardised incidence rate (ASIRs) of cervical cancer, standardised median age at diagnosis, and projection of cervical cancer incidence rate and the number of new cases up to 2030. The projections help in making strategies for resource allocation to circumvent the future burden. Methods: The data were extracted from the Delhi population-based cancer registry from 1990 to 2014. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to ASIRs to assess the trend. The natural cubic splines age-period-cohort (APC) model was fitted to project the incidence rate and incidence cases. The trend of standardised median age at diagnosis and percentage of cervical cancer to total women cancer was also assessed using regression analysis. Projections of new cases are decomposed into three components aging, the structure of the population, and age-specific incidence rate. Results: The age-standardised incidence rate of cervical cancer decreased with an annual decline at a rate of 2.98% (95% CI -3.48 to -2.47) from 1990 to 2014. The standardised median age at diagnosis showed an upward trend with an average annual increase of 0.167 per year and the median age increased by 4.18 years during 25-years period, this change was due to the shifting of the peak from 40-44 in 1990 to 60-64 in 2014. The APC model revealed ASIRs would decline by 43.8% in 2030 compared to average ASIRs 2010-2014, albeit a net 12% increase in the incidence cases. An increase in incidence cases is primarily attributed to the aging of the population and population growth by 38.87% and 33.84% respectively. The trend analysis of cervical cancer ASIRs in pre (< 50 years) and post menopause (≥ 50 years) showed a decreasing trend. However, the ratio of cervical to total women increased over time from 1:1 in 1990 to 2:3 in 2014. Conclusion: The declining trend in ASIRs was observed in Delhi and will continue to decrease up to 2030. The burden of the number of new cases of cervical cancer showed an upward trend primarily due to the aging of the population and shifting of population structure. To counter this big challenge a cost-effective vaccination for vulnerable populations, community-based screening programs, and awareness about cervical cancer prevention might help in eliminating this preventable cancer.
Penguin 3.0 - Capturing Small Finds In 3D

Archaeological small finds provide a variegated myriad of data of crucial importance to the study of their finding contexts. Anyway, only a close all-around examination can give a full comprehension of their multiple functions. The production of reliable documentation is thus an essential process and this paper illustrates a fast, reliable and easy tool to collect documentation during the excavation season. The tool, named Penguin 3.0, was developed at the Geodesy and Geomatics Division - Sapienza University, exploits the potentialities of the Occipital Structure Sensor, a low-cost sensor able to rapidly generate reliable 3D models of small objects. This sensor can be connected directly to a mobile device (i.e. smartphone or tablet) and it collects the 3D information of the scanned object in real-time. The aim of this work is to perform a methodological presentation of the acquisition procedure in order to highlight the pros and cons of using this 3D scanning technology to capture 3D models of archaeological small finds. The step by step acquisition process is fully described with the goal of identifying a standardized procedure able to generate reliable and accurate 3D models. This new tool introduces the idea of an objective metrical classification of finds and of a not-anthropic graphic and photographic documentation of them. It is thus the first step towards an automatic pre-classification of finds on a broad scale, making free the archaeologist’s time and mental energy for the momentum of study and interpretation.
Ranking influential nodes in complex networks with community structure

Quantifying a node’s importance is decisive for developing efficient strategies to curb or accelerate any spreading phenomena. Centrality measures are well-known methods used to quantify the influence of nodes by extracting information from the network’s structure. The pitfall of these measures is to pinpoint nodes located in the vicinity of each other, saturating their shared zone of influence. In this paper, we propose a ranking strategy exploiting the ubiquity of the community structure in real-world networks. The proposed community-aware ranking strategy naturally selects a set of distant spreaders with the most significant influence in the networks. One can use it with any centrality measure. We investigate its effectiveness using real-world and synthetic networks with controlled parameters in a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) diffusion model scenario. Experimental results indicate the superiority of the proposed ranking strategy over all its counterparts agnostic about the community structure. Additionally, results show that it performs better in networks with a strong community structure and a high number of communities of heterogeneous sizes.
Multitype drug interaction prediction based on the deep fusion of drug features and topological relationships

Drug–drug interaction (DDI) prediction has received considerable attention from industry and academia. Most existing methods predict DDIs from drug attributes or relationships with neighbors, which does not guarantee that informative drug embeddings for prediction will be obtained. To address this limitation, we propose a multitype drug interaction prediction method based on the deep fusion of drug features and topological relationships, abbreviated DM-DDI. The proposed method adopts a deep fusion strategy to combine drug features and topologies to learn representative drug embeddings for DDI prediction. Specifically, a deep neural network model is first used on the drug feature matrix to extract feature information, while a graph convolutional network model is employed to capture structural information from the adjacency matrix. Then, we adopt delivery operations that allow the two models to exchange information between layers, as well as an attention mechanism for a weighted fusion of the two learned embeddings before the output layer. Finally, the unified drug embeddings for the downstream task are obtained. We conducted extensive experiments on real-world datasets, the experimental results demonstrated that DM-DDI achieved more accurate prediction results than state-of-the-art baselines. Furthermore, in two tasks that are more similar to real-world scenarios, DM-DDI outperformed other prediction methods for unknown drugs.