Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chest CT features associated with the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Abstract Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly swept across the world. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the chest CT findings and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients. Methods Patients with COVID-19 confirmed by next-generation sequencing or RT-PCR who had undergone more than 4 serial chest CT procedures were retrospectively enrolled. Results This study included 361 patients – 192 men and 169 women. On initial chest CT, more lesions were identified as multiple bilateral lungs lesions and localised in the peripheral lung. The predominant patterns of abnormality were ground-glass opacities (GGO) (28.5%), consolidation (13.0%), nodule (23.0%), fibrous stripes (5.3%) and mixed (30.2%). Severe cases were more common in patients with a mixed pattern (21.1%) and less common in patients with nodules (2.4%). During follow-up CT, the mediumtotal severity score (TSS) in patients with nodules and fibrous strips was significantly lower than that in patients with mixed patterns in all three stages (p < .01). Conclusion Chest CT plays an important role in diagnosing COVID-19. The CT features may vary by age. Different CT features are not only associated with clinical manifestation but also patient prognosis. Key messages The initial chest CT findings of COVID-19 could help us monitor and predict the outcome. Nodules were more common in non severe cases and had a favorable prognosis. The mixed pattern was more common in severe cases and usually had a relatively poor outcome.
Novel immortalized human vocal fold epithelial cell line: In vitro tool for mucosal biology

Study of vocal fold (VF) mucosal biology requires essential human vocal fold epithelial cell (hVFE) lines for use in appropriate model systems. We steadily transfected a retroviral construct containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) into primary normal hVFE to establish a continuously replicating hVFE cell line. Immortalized hVFE across passages have cobblestone morphology, express epithelial markers cytokeratin 4, 13 and 14, induced hTERT gene and protein expression, have similar RNAseq profiling, and can continuously grow for more than 8 months. DNA fingerprinting and karyotype analysis demonstrated that immortalized hVFE were consistent with the presence of a single cell line. Validation of the hVFE, in a three‐dimensional in vitro VF mucosal construct revealed a multilayered epithelial structure with VF epithelial cell markers. Wound scratch assay revealed higher migration capability of the immortalized hVFE on the surface of collagen‐fibronectin and collagen gel containing human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF). Collectively, our report demonstrates the first immortalized hVFE from true VFs providing a novel and invaluable tool for the study of epithelial cell‐fibroblast interactions that dictate disease and health of this specialized tissue.
Crystal structure of μ-2,2'-bipyrimidine-bis(acetonitrile)-hexacarbonyl-dirhenium(I) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) acetonitrile, (C18H12N6O6Re2)(Cr3O3S)2(C2H3N)

C22Hi5F6N70i2Re2S2, monoclinic, P\2\! c\ (No. 14), a= 15.267(2)Ä, b = 12.554(2) A, c = 19.924(3) Ä, ß = 111.88(1)°, V= 3543.7 A , Ζ = 4 , R$(F) = 0.041, wflaiifF; = 0.099, 7"= 293 K.
AFLP markers based genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Kadaknath: an indigenous black meat poultry breed of India

Abstract The current study is the first worldwide to assess the genetic diversity of Kadaknath poultry using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Out of total 96 accessions, four were outliers and 92 were Kadaknath accessions of which 30 were males, 62 were females. Of these, 74 were jet black, 7 penciled and 11 were golden feather color type of Kadaknath. High level of polymorphism (23.94%) was observed in 387 loci amplified using six AFLP primer combinations. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.211 to 0.754 with an average dissimilarity of 0.517. Based on the neighbor-joining method of clustering, all accessions were clustered into seven major clusters which were not consistent with their respective geographical locations. The mean values of effective multiplex ratio, polymorphic information content, resolving power and marker index were 15.16, 0.38, 9.87 and 5.85 respectively. Further, the high log-likelihood score was produced when the number of populations (K) was set at 7 while carrying out the population STRUCTURE analysis, which was also congruent with clustering analysis based on genetic diversity. The extent of genetic diversity detected in this study could be used for germplasm selection and developing conservation strategies of pure breed of Kadaknath.
Serum Neurofilament to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesion Area Ratio Differentiates Spinal Cord Infarction From Acute Myelitis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The diagnosis of spontaneous spinal cord infarction (SCI) is limited by the lack of diagnostic biomarkers and MRI features that often overlap with those of other myelopathies, especially acute myelitis. We investigated whether the ratio between serum neurofilament light chain levels and MRI T2-lesion area (neurofilament light chain/area ratio-NAR) differentiates SCI from acute myelitis of similar severity. METHODS We retrospectively identified Mayo Clinic patients (January 1, 2000-December 31, 2019) with (1) SCI, (2) AQP4 (aquaporin 4)-IgG or MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein)-IgG-associated myelitis at disease clinical presentation, or (3) idiopathic transverse myelitis from a previously identified population-based cohort of patients seronegative for AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG. Serum neurofilament light chain levels (pg/mL) were assessed at the Verona University (SIMOA, Quanterix) in a blinded fashion on available stored samples obtained ≤3 months from myelopathy presentation. For each patient, the largest spinal cord lesion area (mm2) was manually outlined by 2 independent raters on sagittal T2-weighted MRI images, and the mean value was used to determine NAR (pg/[mL·mm2]). RESULTS Forty-eight patients were included SCI, 20 (definite, 11; probable, 6; possible, 3); acute myelitis, 28 (AQP4-IgG-associated, 17; MOG-IgG-associated, 5; idiopathic transverse myelitis, 6). The median expanded disability status scale score (range) at myelopathy nadir were 7.75 (2-8.5) and 5.5 (2-8), respectively. Serum neurofilament light chain levels (median [range] pg/mL) in patients with SCI (188 [14.3-2793.4]) were significantly higher compared with patients with AQP4-IgG-associated myelitis (37 [0.8-6942.9]), MOG-IgG-associated myelitis (45.8 [4-283.8]), and idiopathic transverse myelitis (15.6 [0.9-217.8]); P=0.01. NAR showed the highest accuracy for identification of SCI versus acute myelitis with values ≥0.35 pg/(mL·mm2) yielding 86% specificity and 95% sensitivity (area under the curve=0.93). The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.67 and 0.06, respectively. NAR remained independently associated with SCI after adjusting for age, gender, immunotherapy before sampling, and days from myelopathy symptoms onset to sampling (P=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS NAR is a novel and promising clinical biomarker for differentiation of SCI from acute myelitis.
Free Energy Surface, Reaction Paths, and Kinetic Isotope Effect of Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase

We have applied molecular dynamics umbrella-sampling simulations and ensemble-averaged variational transition state theory with multidimensional tunneling (EA-VTST/MT) to explore the free energy surface, reaction paths, and dideuterium kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of the β-oxidation of butyryl-coenzyme A by short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The potential energy surface is obtained by combined quantum mechanics−molecular mechanics (QM/MM) with specific reaction parameters and a simple valence bond term. The calculations include determination of the potential of mean force (PMF) in both two dimensions (2D) and one dimension (1D) by using the weighted histogram analysis method. The 2D PMF indicates that the hydride transfer is the rate-limiting step of the mechanism, and the 1D PMFs are used to calculate rate constants. We include full molecular dynamics of a 7824-atom reaction zone with stochastic boundary conditions in a first approximation of the quasiclassical rate constant. This first approximation is.
Enantioselective preparation of .beta.-alkyl-.gamma.-butyrolactones from functionalized ketene dithioacetals

An efficient and general enantioselective synthesis of β-alkyl-γ-butyrolactones has been developed. The key step of this procedure is an oxazolidinone-directed alkylation of a lithiated ketene dithioacetal that proceeds with excellent regiochemical control and high diastereofacial selectivity. Reductive removal of the chiral auxiliary followed by acid-induced cyclization of the resultant hydroxy ketene dithioacetal gives the enantiomerically pure β-alkyl-γ-butyrolactone
Direct Synthesis and Stimulus-Responsive Micellization of Y-Shaped Hydrophilic Block Copolymers

Two bifunctional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators were synthesized via Michael addition of 2 equivalents of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate to two commercial monoamine-capped poly(alkylene oxides), Jeffamine XTJ-506 and Jeffamine XTJ-507, followed by esterification using excess 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. 1H NMR and MALDI−TOF mass spectra (MALDI−TOF MS) were consistent with the expected structures for these two ATRP macroinitiators. A range of well-defined, Y-shaped, pH-responsive or thermoresponsive block copolymers was synthesized using these macroinitiators by polymerizing various hydrophilic methacrylic monomers via ATRP in methanol at 20 °C. The stimulus-responsive micellization of selected Y-shaped block copolymers in aqueous solution was investigated by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and surface tensiometry. For comparative purposes, their linear diblock copolymer counterparts were also synthesized, and their micellization properties in aqueous solution were investigated.
Anti-oxidative action of ent-kaurene diterpenoids

Nine ent-kaurene diterpenoids, leukamenin E, glaucocalyxin A, wangzaozi A, epinodisinol, epinodosin, rabdosin B, rabdosinate, lasiokaurin and oridonin, were separated from Isodon racemosa (Hemsl) Hara and Isodon japonica (Burm.f) Hara var. galaucocalyx (maxin). The protection against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome were studied with comet assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances determination. All nine diterpenoids showed concentration-dependent protection in DNA damage in human PBMCs induced by 50 µM H2O2. The effects were similar and weaker than quercetin. The inhibitions of lipid peroxidation were obviously difference. Rabdosin B and oridonin were the strongest inhibitors, followed by lasiokaurin and wangzaozin A. Rabdosinate was the weakest and others were medium. The structure-activity relationship is discussed.
Proline‐Containing Dipeptides from a Marine Sponge of a Callyspongia Species

A detailed analysis of the chemical constituents of a marine sponge of Callyspongia sp. was performed. A new proline-containing dipeptide, callyspongidipeptide A (cyclo-((S)-Pro-8-hydroxy-(R)-Ile); 1) along with cyclo-((S)-Pro-(R)-Leu) (3) and seco-((S)-Pro-(R)-Val) (2) were isolated. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS analysis, and the absolute configuration was determined by comparison of the optical rotation with known compounds.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Catalytic Materials

Abstract The mechanochemical synthesis of nanomaterials for catalytic applications is a growing research field due to its simplicity, scalability, and eco‐friendliness. Besides, it provides materials with distinct features, such as nanocrystallinity, high defect concentration, and close interaction of the components in a system, which are, in most cases, unattainable by conventional routes. Consequently, this research field has recently become highly popular, particularly for the preparation of catalytic materials for various applications, ranging from chemical production over energy conversion catalysis to environmental protection. In this Review, recent studies on mechanochemistry for the synthesis of catalytic materials are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the straightforwardness of the mechanochemical route—in contrast to more conventional synthesis—in fabricating the materials, which otherwise often require harsh conditions. Distinct material properties achieved by mechanochemistry are related to their improved catalytic performance.
miRNAs as attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets for Familial Mediterranean Fever

Abstract Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a hereditary early-onset disease that causes periodical fever attack, excessive release of IL-1β, serositis, arthritis and peritonitis. Genetic analyses conducted on FMF patients (mutated and non-mutated) have highlighted that additional contributing factors such as epigenetics and environment play a role in clinical manifestations of FMF. Recently researchers report that microRNAs (miRNAs), implicated in epigenetic mechanisms, may contribute to the pathogenesis of FMF. miRNAs, a member of the captivating noncoding RNA family, are the single-strand transcripts that work in physiological and pathophysiological processes by regulating target gene expression. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are associated with various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of FMF, such as apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy. Moreover, these miRNAs molecules might have potential use in treatment, therapeutic response monitoring and the diagnosis of subtypes of the disease in the future. Motivated by these potential benefits (diagnostic and therapeutic) of miRNAs, we focus on recent advances of clinical significances and potential action mechanisms of miRNAs in FMF pathogenesis and discuss their potential use for FMF.
Investigation of the Effects of Primary Structure Modifications within the RRE Motif on the Conformation of Synthetic Bovine Herpesvirus 1‐Encoded UL49.5 Protein Fragments

Herpesviruses are the most prevalent viruses that infect the human and animal body. They can escape a host immune response in numerous ways. One way is to block the TAP complex so that viral peptides, originating from proteasomal degradation, cannot be transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. As a result, a reduced number of MHC class I molecules appear on the surface of infected cells and, thus, the immune system is not efficiently activated. BoHV‐1‐encoded UL49.5 protein is one such TAP transporter inhibitor. This protein binds to TAP in such a way that its N‐terminal fragment interacts with the loops of the TAP complex, and the C‐terminus stimulates proteasomal degradation of TAP. Previous studies have indicated certain amino acid residues, especially the RRE(9–11) motif, within the helical structure of the UL49.5 N‐terminal fragment, as being crucial to the protein's activity. In this work, we investigated the effects of modifications within the RRE region on the spatial structure of the UL49.5 N‐terminal fragment. The introduced RRE(9–11) variations were designed to abolish or stabilize the structure of the α‐helix and, consequently, to increase or decrease protein activity compared to the wild type. The terminal structure of the peptides was established using circular dichroism (CD), 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular dynamics (MD) in membrane‐mimetic or membrane‐model environments. Our structural results show that in the RRE(9–11)AAA and E11G peptides the helical structure has been stabilized, whereas for the RRE(9–11)GGG peptide, as expected, the helix structure has partially unfolded compared to the native structure. These RRE modifications, in the context of the entire UL49.5 proteins, slightly altered their biological activity in human cells.
Hand disorders demographics in rural areas: A 15-year analysis of demographic characteristics overtime in a stable population.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of hand disorders in a general rural area, record the demographic characteristics for each condition, and evaluate the tendencies overtime in the incidence of these conditions. METHODS Using nationwide census data, we identified a health network system serving a geographic area with stable population. Subsequently, we retrospectively analyzed all the patient records (n=731 patients) with hand disorders documented between 2001 and 2015. We performed a retrospective review and collected demographic data for the patients and disorders treated surgically. We calculated the incidence of these conditions based on the census data and performed qualitative and categorical analysis with different demographic and disease-related variables. RESULTS We reviewed surgically treated 204 male and 527 female patients with hand disorders. The mean annual incidence was 222.5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. More than 55% of the patients were between 50 and 69 years old. Trigger finger (TF) accounted for approximately 42% of patients, followed by 35% with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). TF and CTS were related to hand dominance, and right hand was affected in 53.4% of the patients. CONCLUSION Hand disorders in a rural area seem to correlate with the occupational sector activities, such as farming and agriculture. CTS was the most common disorder in the past; however, the dramatic increase in the incidence rate of TF made it the most common hand disorder in the last decade. Incidence rates in both males and females showed an increasing trend.
Augmentation Genioplasty Using a Third Molar as a Bone Graft: An Alternative Surgical Technique

Purpose: Augmentation genioplasty corrects vertical chin deficiency. To stabilize the synthesis and to allow ossification, a biomaterial prop is necessary. Third molars are frequently removed during orthognathic surgery and provides good material used as autogenous grafts. Surgical Technique: This article describes the surgical technique of an augmentation genioplasty using a third molar as a prop biomaterial. Results are stable in time. This technique presents no risk of infection and is less invasive than other autogenous bone graft. Conclusions: third molar can be used as a prop biomaterial in augmentation genioplasty
Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria.

BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease for which the main treatment is the dietary restriction of the amino acid phenylalanine. The diet has to be initiated in the neonatal period to prevent or reduce mental handicap. However, the diet is very restrictive and unpalatable and can be difficult to follow. A deficiency of the amino acid tyrosine has been suggested as a cause of some of the neuropsychological problems exhibited in phenylketonuria. Therefore, this review aims to assess the efficacy of tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria. This is an update of previously published versions of this review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of tyrosine supplementation alongside or instead of a phenylalanine-restricted diet for people with phenylketonuria, who commenced on diet at diagnosis and either continued on the diet or relaxed the diet later in life. To assess the evidence that tyrosine supplementation alongside, or instead of a phenylalanine-restricted diet improves intelligence, neuropsychological performance, growth and nutritional status, mortality rate and quality of life. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Trials Register which is comprised of references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. Additional studies were identified from handsearches of the Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease (from inception in 1978 to 1998). The manufacturers of prescribable dietary products used in the treatment of phenylketonuria were also contacted for further references. Date of the most recent search of the Group's Inborn Errors of Metabolism Trials Register: 07 December 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised trials investigating the use of tyrosine supplementation versus placebo in people with phenylketonuria in addition to, or instead of, a phenylalanine-restricted diet. People treated for maternal phenylketonuria were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the trial eligibility, methodological quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS Six trials were found, of which three trials reporting the results of a total of 56 participants, were suitable for inclusion in the review. The blood tyrosine concentrations were significantly higher in the participants receiving tyrosine supplements than those in the placebo group, mean difference 23.46 (95% confidence interval 12.87 to 34.05). No significant differences were found between any of the other outcomes measured. The trials were assessed as having a low to moderate risk of bias across several domains. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS From the available evidence no recommendations can be made about whether tyrosine supplementation should be introduced into routine clinical practice. Further randomised controlled studies are required to provide more evidence. However, given this is not an active area of research, we have no plans to update this review in the future.
Clinical Features of a Chinese Sample with Self-Reported Symptoms of Pathological Dissociation

ABSTRACT People with pathological dissociation should receive proper clinical attention and timely support. Recent studies have shown that pathological dissociation is common in the Chinese context. However, little is known about the clinical features of Chinese people with pathological dissociation. This paper reports the first data regarding trauma histories, mental health symptoms, clinical diagnoses, service usages, stigma and psychosocial needs in a convenience sample of Chinese people who screened positive for pathological dissociation on a self-report measure (N = 72). This sample was characterized by a history of trauma and high levels of trauma-related symptoms and depression. Medication treatments were the most common interventions for them; many participants did not receive psychotherapy. We found no clinical differences between participants who had and had not received psychotherapy for post-traumatic/dissociative symptoms. This implies that many participants did not have the chance of receiving specific psychotherapy even though their trauma histories and clinical symptoms were as severe as those who were receiving specific psychotherapy. Stigma and unmet psychosocial needs were common in this sample and should receive more attention in the field. Implications for research and practice are highlighted. More dissociation-informed services are required for Chinese-speaking populations.
Ion‐Current Rectification in Nanopores and Nanotubes with Broken Symmetry

This article focuses on ion transport through nanoporous systems with special emphasis on rectification phenomena. The effect of ion‐current rectification is observed as asymmetric current–voltage (I–V) curves, with the current recorded for one voltage polarity higher than the current recorded for the same absolute value of voltage of opposite polarity. This diode‐like I–V curve indicates that there is a preferential direction for ion flow. Experimental evidence that ion‐current rectification is inherent to asymmetric, e.g., tapered, nanoporous systems with excess surface charge is provided and discussed. The fabrication and operation of asymmetric polymer nanopores, gold nanotubes, glass nanocapillaries, and silicon nanopores are presented. The possibility of tuning the direction and extent of rectification is discussed in detail. Theoretical models that have been developed to explain the ion‐current rectification effect are also presented.