Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Spectral Correlation Detector for Periodic Impulse Extraction of Rotating Machinery

Periodic impulse components are a typical symptom of rotating machinery failure, which are often masked by heavy background noise. It is of great practical significance to research how to obtain periodic impulse components to achieve fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Fast spectral correlation (Fast-SC), as a typical nonstationary and nonlinear signal processing method, has been studied in feature extraction by suppressing background noise to enhance periodic impulse components. However, effectively determining the bandwidth of Fast-SC is still a challenging issue. To address this issue, a novel method called Fast-SC detector is developed, which decomposes the measured signal of rotating machinery into multiple Fast-SC slices with different frequency bands. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is utilized to optimize the number of Fast-SC slices with minimum mean entropy as the optimal Fast-SC bandwidth. In addition, an adaptive combination morphological filter (ACMF) is applied to suppress the residual noise and narrowband impulses in the WOA-based Fast-SC slices to enhance the fault features. Finally, the Fast-SC detector is constructed using the average denoising Fast-SC slices to infer the type of rotating machinery. The proposed Fast-SC detector is compared with the existing methods by applying simulation signal model and experimental data. The results prove that Fast-SC detector is superior to some excellent periodic impulse extraction algorithms in extracting the symptoms of rotating machinery failure.
Thermo-sensitive Sacrificial Microsphere-based Bioink for Centimeter-scale Tissue with Angiogenesis

Centimeter-scale tissue with angiogenesis has become more and more significant in organ regeneration and drug screening. However, traditional bioink has obvious limitations such as balance of nutrient supporting, printability, and vascularization. Here, with “secondary bioprinting” of printed microspheres, an innovative bioink system was proposed, in which the thermo-crosslinked sacrificial gelatin microspheres encapsulating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) printed by electrospraying serve as auxiliary component while gelatin methacryloyl precursor solution mixed with subject cells serve as subject component. Benefiting from the reversible thermo-crosslinking feature, gelatin microspheres would experience solid-liquid conversion during 37°C culturing and form controllable porous nutrient network for promoting the nutrient/oxygen delivery in large-scale tissue and accelerate the functionalization of the encapsulated cells. Meanwhile, the encapsulated HUVECs would be released and attach to the pore boundary, which would further form three-dimensional vessel network inside the tissue with suitable inducing conditions. As an example, vascularized breast tumor tissue over 1 cm was successfully built and the HUVECs showed obvious sprout inside, which indicate the great potential of this bioink system in various biomedical applications.
Numerical methods for the 2-Hessian elliptic partial differential equation

The elliptic 2-Hessian equation is a fully nonlinear partial differential equation that appears in geometric surface providing an intrinsic curvature for three dimensional manifolds. In this article we explain why the naive finite difference method fails in general and provide explicit, semi-implicit and Newton solvers which perform better by enforcing a convexity type constraint needed for the ellipticity of the equation itself. We build a monotone wide stencil finite difference discretization, which is less accurate but provable convergent as a result of the Barles-Souganidis theory. Solutions with both discretizations are found using Newton’s method. Computational results are presented on a number of exact solutions which range in regularity from smooth to nondifferentiable and in shape from convex to non convex.
Immuno-enhancement of barely β-glucan or barley extracts on arsenic trioxide-induced immunosuppressed rat model

The present investigation aimed to study the biological effects of barely β-glucan or barley extracts on arsenic trioxide-induced immunosuppression. Fifty-four male albino rats (weighing 100±25 g) were divided into eight groups, each group including six rats. Group 1: PBS was injected intraperitoneally into the rats, while saline was given orally (negative control). Groups 2–8 received daily intraperitoneal injections of As 2 O 3 (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Group 2 serves as a positive control. The rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were received daily doses of β-glucan extracts of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, with ATO (arsenic trioxide). Groups 6, 7, and 8 were given barley extract at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 g/kg bw/day, respectively, with ATO. At the end of the experiment, all of the rats were slaughtered for biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analysis. The obtained results revealed that barley β-glucan and barley extracts increased CAT and GPx activity while lowering MDA levels in the spleen tissue of rats. It also improved haematological and histopathological changes caused by arsenic trioxide. The levels of IgG and IgM in the groups treated with barley β-glucan extract were considerably greater than those in the groups treated with barley extract. The cytokine levels, hepatic and renal biomarker markers showed affectation results due to treatment with arsenic trioxide. Our findings show that barley extracts and barely β-glucan extracts could be employed as a component of functional foods to boost immunity.
Artificial Collusion: Examining Supracompetitive Pricing by Q-Learning Algorithms

We examine recent claims that a particular Q-learning algorithm used by competitors ‘autonomously’ and systematically learns to collude, resulting in supracom-petitive prices and extra profits for the firms sustained by collusive equilibria. A detailed analysis of the inner workings of this algorithm reveals that there is no immediate reason for alarm. We set out what is needed to demonstrate the existence of a colluding price algorithm that does form a threat to competition
A new fractional-order model for time-dependent damage of rock under true triaxial stresses

To reasonably describe the time-dependent characteristics of rock under true triaxial stresses and analyze the long-term stability of deep underground engineering, based on the understanding of time-dependent mechanical properties of rock under true triaxial stresses, a new fractional-order damage element and the method in which the crack initiation stress is taken as the starting point of creep and the crack damage stress as the starting point of creep accelerating stage were established. Then, combined with the Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion, a fractional-order creep damage model of rock under true triaxial stresses was proposed. The proposed model was further verified based on uniaxial, conventional triaxial and true triaxial creep test results. The theoretical curves of the model are highly consistent with the test curves, indicating that the proposed model has wide applicability and rationality. Meanwhile the sensitivity of true triaxial stress states and model parameters to the creep characteristics was further investigated. Finally, based on the proposed creep model, the time-dependent characteristics of rock under untested true triaxial stress levels were predicted. The research provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of time-dependent disasters and the long-term stability analysis of surrounding rock in deep engineering.
LE CHANGEMENT STRUCTUREL DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT MÉMOIRE LONGUE

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimation of the break dates and present an efficient algorithm in order to obtain global minimizers of the sum of squared residuals. This algorithm is based on the principle of dynamic programming and requires at most least-squares operations of order O(n2) for any number of breaks. We also study the estimation of the number of breaks by using the information criteria, the test of Bai and Perron (1998), and the method of Lavielle (2004). Finally, we perform a Monte Carlo study to analyse the behaviour of estimators and tests infinite sample size.
The $\gamma$-$\alpha$ iso-structural Transition in Cerium, a Critical Element

Below the critical temperature $T_c\simeq 600 K$, an iso-structural transition, named $\gamma$-$\alpha$ transition,can be induced in Cerium by applying pressure. This transition is first-order, and is accompanied by a sizable volume collapse. A conclusive theoretical explanation of this intriguing phenomenon has still not been achieved, and the physical pictures proposed so far are still under debate. In this work, we illustrate zero-temperature first-principle calculations which clearly demonstrate that the $\gamma$-$\alpha$ transition is induced by the interplay between the electron-electron Coulomb interaction and the spin-orbit coupling. We address the still unresolved problem on the existence of a second low-$T$ critical point, i.e., whether the energetic effects alone are sufficient or not to induce the $\gamma$-$\alpha$ transition at zero temperature.
Calculus in vector spaces

Some Preliminaries. Vector Spaces. The Derivative. The Structure of Vector Spaces. Compact and Connected Sets. The Chain Rule, Higher Derivatives, and Taylor's Theorem. Linear Transformations and Matrices. Maxima and Minima. The Inverse and Implicit Function Theorems. The Spectral Theorem. Integration. Iterated Integrals and the Fubini Theorem. Line Integrals. Surface Integrals. Differential Forms. Integration of Differential Forms. Appendices: the existence of determinants, Jordan canonical form, solutions of selected exercises.
An Updated Review on Prebiotics: Insights on Potentials of Food Seeds Waste as Source of Potential Prebiotics

Prebiotics are a group of biological nutrients that are capable of being degraded by microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. When prebiotics are ingested, either as a food additive or as a supplement, the colonic microflora degrade them, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are simultaneously released in the colon and absorbed into the blood circulatory system. The two major groups of prebiotics that have been extensively studied in relation to human health are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The candidature of a compound to be regarded as a prebiotic is a function of how much of dietary fiber it contains. The seeds of fruits such as date palms have been reported to contain dietary fiber. An increasing awareness of the consumption of fruits and seeds as part of the daily diet, as well as poor storage systems for seeds, have generated an enormous amount of seed waste, which is traditionally discarded in landfills or incinerated. This cultural practice is hazardous to the environment because seed waste is rich in organic compounds that can produce hazardous gases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of seed wastes in prebiotic production, consequently reducing the environmental hazards posed by these wastes.
The lower central series of a right-angled Artin group

We give a description of Duchamp and Krob's extension of Magnus' approach to the lower central series of the free group to right-angled Artin groups. We also describe how Lalonde's extension of Lyndon words to the partially-commutative settings gives a simple algorithm to find a basis for consecutive quotients of the lower central series of a RAAG.
Decoration of vertical graphene with aerosol nanoparticles for gas sensing

A facile method was demonstrated to decorate aerosol Ag nanoparticles onto vertical graphene surfaces using a mini-arc plasma reactor. The vertical graphene was directly grown on a sensor electrode using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The aerosol Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple vapor condensation process using a mini-arc plasma source. Then, the nanoparticles were assembled on the surface of vertical graphene through the assistance of an electric field. Based on our observation, nonagglomerated Ag nanoparticles formed in the gas phase and were assembled onto vertical graphene sheets. Nanohybrids of Ag nanoparticle-decorated vertical graphene were characterized for ammonia gas detection at room temperature. The vertical graphene served as the conductance channel, and the conductance change upon exposure to ammonia was used as the sensing signal. The sensing results show that Ag nanoparticles significantly improve the sensitivity, response time, and recovery time of the sensor.
Effects of Nonlinear Coupling on Spatiotemporal Regularity

In this work we investigate the spatiotemporal behaviour of lattices of coupled chaotic logistic maps, where the coupling between sites has a nonlinear form. We show that the stable range of the spatiotemporal fixed point state is significantly enhanced for increasingly nonlinear coupling. We demonstrate this through numerical simulations and linear stability analysis of the synchronized fixed point. Lastly, we show that these results also hold in coupled map lattices where the nodal dynamics is given by the Gauss Map, Sine Circle Map and the Tent Map.
Involvement of multiple generations in management and internationalization of family firms in Spain: the moderating effect of SEW dimensions

PurposeThe study aims to analyze for the Spanish context the influence of the involvement of several generations in the firm's management on family firm internationalization. The authors also respond to the call in the literature to consider the influence of SEW on family firm internationalizations by analyzing the moderating effect of the importance family managers attach to each of the socioemotional wealth (SEW) dimensions – enrichment, continuity and prominence on the relationship between multiple generations involved in management and family firm internationalization.Design/methodology/approachThe information was obtained by means of a questionnaire sent to the CEOs of family businesses. The authors’ sample consists of 147 Spanish family firms.FindingsThe authors find that the involvement of multiple generations in management is positively related to the internationalization of family firms. Furthermore, the importance that family CEOs attribute to the enrichment dimension of SEW reduces the intensity of the effect of the involvement of several generations in management on family firm internationalization.Originality/valueThe authors’ results, for the Spanish context, complement previous studies (Meneses et al., 2014) showing that the entry of new generations into the family business opens a window of opportunity for the internationalization of the family business. Furthermore, their study shows that the diverse family objectives by CEOs can have different, even conflicting effects on the internationalization decision. These results suggest that the enrichment dimension, which focuses on the short-term family goals may restrain the internationalization of the family business. However, continuity and prominence dimensions, which are related with long term family objectives and jointly enable the fulfillment of nonfamily stakeholders’ objectives, do not influence the internationalization of the family firms analyzed.
Orion Outlying Clouds

In this chapter we review the properties of the Orion outlying clouds at b < -21 degrees. These clouds are located far off the Orion giant molecular cloud complex and are in most cases small cometary-shaped clouds, with their head pointing back towards the main Orion clouds. A wealth of data indicate that star formation is ongoing in many of these clouds. The star formation in these regions might have been triggered due to the strong impact of the massive stars in the Orion OB association. Some of the clouds discussed here may be part of the Orion-Eridanus bubble. An overview on each individual cloud is given. A synthesis of the Pre-Main Sequence stars discovered in these clouds is presented. We also discuss the millimeter and centimeter data and present a review of the outflows and Herbig-Haro objects so far discovered in these clouds.
Sensitivity Analysis of Artificial Neural Networks Identifying JWH Synthetic Cannabinoids Built with Alternative Training Strategies and Methods

This paper presents the alternative training strategies we tested for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) designed to detect JWH synthetic cannabinoids. In order to increase the model performance in terms of output sensitivity, we used the Neural Designer data science and machine learning platform combined with the programming language Python. We performed a comparative analysis of several optimization algorithms, error parameters and regularization methods. Finally, we performed a new goodness-of-fit analysis between the testing samples in the data set and the corresponding ANN outputs in order to investigate their sensitivity. The effectiveness of the new methods combined with the optimization algorithms is discussed.
The Effect of Dietary Methyl-Donor Intake and Other Lifestyle Factors on Cancer Patients in Hungary

Simple Summary The incidence of cancer has been increasing worldwide and, along with inflammation-related diseases, a significant number of cases could be prevented by appropriate lifestyle routines. Methyl-donors are macronutrients that are important in achieving a healthy balance of metabolic processes. Their deficiency can lead to several symptoms and diseases and has also been implicated in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutrition therapy is already recognized as an appropriate tool in the management of cancer-related fatigue to improve quality of life. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential protective effect of methyl-donor intake in breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer by patient follow up. Our results suggest that appropriate methyl-donor intake can be useful as an adjunct of conventional oncotherapy which may contribute to improve quality of life. Whether methyl-donor intake supports cancer prevention and patient survival needs further confirmation in large patient cohorts. Abstract Background: Nutrition is essential to life and can have an indisputable influence on health and prevention of disease development including cancer. Methyl-donors are macronutrients that are important in achieving a healthy balance of metabolic processes. Their deficiency can lead to several symptoms and diseases—even to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to explore the potential protective effect of methyl-donor intake in breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer by patient follow up. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire and a diet diary were used to evaluate methyl-donor intake and blood samples were taken to evaluate Il-6 and IL-8 cytokine levels as well as MTHFR (C677T) polymorphism in breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients. Results: We found that levels around the recommended daily intake of B6 and B9 were effective in supporting the overall survival of breast and colorectal, and a relatively higher level of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, patients. The total intake of methyl-donors significantly and negatively correlated with smoking in pancreatic cancer, while folate as well as betaine intake significantly and positively correlated with IL-8 in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the appropriate intake of methyl-donor can be an adjunct of conventional oncotherapy to improve quality of life. Whether methyl-donor intake supports cancer prevention and patient survival needs further confirmation in large patient cohorts.
Two-Dose Vaccination Significantly Prolongs the Duration from Symptom Onset to Death: A Retrospective Study Based on 173,894 SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

This research was carried out to quantify the duration from symptom onset to recovery/death (SOR/SOD) during the first four waves and the Alpha/Delta period of the epidemic in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and identify the associated factors. A total of 173,894 COVID-19 cases were admitted between 16 March 2020 and 30 November 2021, including 458 intensive care unit (ICU) cases. The results showed that the case fatality rate (CFR) increased with age, and females had a higher CFR. The median SOR of ICU cases was longer than that of non-ICU cases (27.6 vs. 17.0 days), while the median SOD was much shorter (6.9 vs. 8.4 days). The SOR and SOD in the Delta period were slightly shortened than the Alpha period. Age, cardiovascular diseases, chronic lung disease, diabetes, fever, breathing issues, and ICU admission were risk factors that were significantly associated with SOD (p < 0.001). A control measure, in-home quarantine, was found to be significantly associated with longer SOD (odds ratio = 9.49, p < 0.001). Infected vaccinated individuals had longer SOD than unvaccinated individuals, especially for cases that had received two vaccine doses (p < 0.001). Finally, an advice on getting full-dose vaccination is given specifically to individuals aged 20–59 years.
Operational Tritium Inventories in the EU-DEMO Fuel Cycle

Abstract The European Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (EU-DEMO) has to operate in a completely tritium self-sufficient mode after initial start-up, which includes producing excess tritium to allow the start-up of other reactors. The initial start-up inventory is mainly dictated by operational inventories in the fuel cycle (FC). Advances in FC technologies and immediate recycling of a large fraction of the torus exhaust gas in the direct internal recycling loop are expected to contribute greatly to an overall low operational inventory. The remainder of the torus exhaust gas, as well as tritium from the blankets, nevertheless requires treatment in the tritium plant in order to perform the necessary purification and isotope rebalancing. Here, the employed systems still feature significant operational inventories and predominantly require steady-state operation in order to maximize their performance. In this paper the operational tritium inventories in the major FC systems are reported based on the pre-concept FC design. Additionally, major dependencies of these inventories on key design drivers of the FC are discussed. It is predicted that the EU-DEMO FC will be able to operate with an overall tritium inventory of less than 2 kg.