Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical modelling of 3D gravity currents

When two liquid bodies with different density come in contact in non-equilibrium conditions, a flow is caused, known as gravity or density current. In the environment, as well as in the industrial framework, this kind of flow is very common and the scientifictechnical interest of the investigation on it is very high. The paper of Huppert (2006) and the book of Ungarish (2009b) give excellent reviews on the state of the art of the topic, while a huge collection of artificial, as well as natural, gravity currents and a qualitative description of their key features is given in the book of Simpson (1997). The investigation on gravity currents dates back to several decades ago (first important works are those of Von Karman, 1940; Yih, 1947; Prandtl, 1952 and Keulegan, 1957), nevertheless many aspects still need a better understanding. These aspects should be investigated in order to widen the knowledge on the considered phenomenon and are generally related to the geometry of the fluid domain and the use of particular fluids, like e.g. mixtures of liquid and sediments. Early studies on gravity currents were based on analytical and experimental methods and were concerned with 2D gravity currents: i.e. gravity currents whose description can be made in a vertical x-z plane. The seminal work of Benjamin (1968) formulates a fundamental theory, based on the perfect-fluid hypothesis and simple extensions of it (like the classical theory of hydraulic jumps), which gives a relationship between the thickness of the gravity current and the velocity of the front. The Benjamin’s theory is a milestone and analytical investigations on gravity currents, even the most recent (Shin et al., 2004; Lowe et al., 2005; Ungarish & Zemach, 2005; Ungarish, 2008; Ungarish, 2009) cannot disregard it. Laboratory gravity currents can be realized in very different ways (Simpson, 1997), depending on which features have to be investigated. The basic experimental setup, which permits to investigate the propagation’s features of the gravity current, is the lock exchange release experiment. This experiment consists in leaving two liquid bodies of different density in non-equilibrium condition, typically removing a sliding gate which originally separated them. The consequence is a flow of heavier liquid (the gravity current) under the
Layer-specific ultra-high field 7T fMRI showing that threat anticipation is mediated by the pulvinar input to the superficial layers of primary visual cortex (V1)

The perceptual system gives priority to threat-relevant signals with survival value. Its mechanism may not only include the processing initiated in the presence of threat signals but also in the mere anticipation of such signals. Here, we show that the pulvinar modulates activity in the early visual cortex (V1) specifically in threat anticipation. Using ultra-high-field 7T fMRI, we examined the layer-specific interaction between V1 and the pulvinar, while taking advantage of the fact that the directionality of such interaction is anatomically constrained in specific V1 layers. Only in anticipation of a fearful face target, but not of a control happy face target, was false perception of anticipated-yet-unpresented target face accompanied by stronger activity in the V1 superficial-cortical-depth (layers 1-3), which was preceded by pre-target-onset pulvinar activity. The pulvinar may contribute to the visual processing initiated in the anticipation of threat, and play an important role in anxiety.
PLANET FORMATION SIGNPOSTS: OBSERVABILITY OF CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS VIA GAS KINEMATICS

The identification of ongoing planet formation requires the finest angular resolutions and deepest sensitivities in observations inspired by state-of-the-art numerical simulations. Hydrodynamic simulations of planet–disk interactions predict the formation of circumplanetary disks (CPDs) around accreting planetary cores. These CPDs have eluded unequivocal detection—their identification requires predictions in CPD tracers. In this work, we aim to assess the observability of embedded CPDs with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) as features imprinted in the gas kinematics. We use 3D smooth particle hydrodynamic simulations of CPDs around 1 and 5 M Jup ? > planets at large stellocentric radii in locally isothermal and adiabatic disks. The simulations are then connected with 3D radiative transfer for predictions in CO isotopologues. Observability is assessed by corrupting with realistic long baseline phase noise extracted from the recent HL Tau ALMA data. We find that the presence of a CPD produces distinct signposts: (1) a compact emission separated in velocity from the overall circumstellar disk’s Keplerian pattern, (2) a strong impact on the velocity pattern when the Doppler-shifted line emission sweeps across the CPD location, and (3) a local increase in the velocity dispersion. We test our predictions with a simulation tailored for HD 100546—which has a reported protoplanet candidate. We find that the CPDs are detectable in all three signposts with ALMA Cycle 3 capabilities for both 1 and 5 M Jup ? > protoplanets, when embedded in an isothermal disk.
Running head: MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND THE STILL-FACE PARADIGM The Effects of Maternal Depression on Maternal Behavior and Infant’s Emotion Regulation during the Still-Face Paradigm

This study investigated the effect of maternal depression on mother and infant behavior during the Still Face Paradigm (SFP). It was investigated whether the SFP elicited the stillface effect. In addition, the effect of maternal depression on infant’s emotion regulation and maternal behavior during the SFP was examined. Fifty-two mother-infant dyads participated in this study. Maternal depression was measured using a positive score on either the MINIInternational Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) or Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDIII) during the first or second appointment. Additionally, the cognitive development of sixmonth old infants was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II). During a home-visit, the SFP was administered by trained PhDor graduate students, and mother and infant behaviors were coded afterwards. Results indicated that the still face effect was found for negative affect, arching and/or squirming behavior, gaze toward mother, and additionally for maternal sensitivity and maternal positive affect. Infants of depressed mothers averted gaze during all episodes of the SFP compared to infants of non-depressed mothers. Combination of SFP episodes and maternal depression resulted in more arching and/or squirming behavior during the play and reunion episodes for infants of depressed mothers. Furthermore, mothers who feel depressed showed more internalizing or helpless behavior during the reunion. The findings of this study increase the knowledge of the effects of maternal depression on mother behavior and infant’s regulatory capacities during stress
Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics: Particle motion in a sea of eddies

As more high-resolution observations become available, our view of ocean mesoscale turbulence more closely becomes that of a “sea of eddies. ” The presence of the coherent vortices significantly affects the dynamics and the statistical properties of mesoscale flows, with important consequences on tracer dispersion and ocean stirring and mixing processes. Here we review some of the properties of particle transport in vortex-dominated flows, concentrating on the statistical properties induced by the presence of an ensemble of vortices. We discuss a possible parameterization of particle dispersion in vortex-dominated flows, adopting the view that ocean mesoscale turbulence is a two-component fluid which includes intense, localized vortical structures with non-local effects immersed in a Kolmogorovian, low-energy turbulent background which has mostly local effects. Finally, we report on some recent results regarding the role of coherent mesoscale eddies in marine ecosystem functioning, which is related to the effects that vortices have on nutrient supply.
Supersingular K3 surfaces

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Summer Indiana bat ecology in the southern Appalachians: An investigation of thermoregulation strategies and landscape scale roost selection

In the southern Appalachians there are few data on the roost ecology of the federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). During 2008-2012, we investigated roosting ecology of the Indiana bat in ~280,000 ha in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cherokee National Forest, and Nantahala National Forest in the southern Appalachians Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina. We investigated 2 aspects of the Indiana bat’s roosting ecology: thermoregulation and the extrinsic factors that influence body temperature, and landscape-scale roost selection. To investigate thermoregulation of bats at roost, we used data gathered in 2012 from 6 female Indiana bats (5 adults and 1 juvenile) to examine how reproductive condition, group size, roost characteristics, air temperature, and barometric pressure related to body temperature of roosting bats. We found that air temperature was the primary factor correlated with bats’ body temperatures while at roost (P < 0.01), with few differences detected among reproductive classes in terms of thermoregulatory strategies. To understand how Indiana bats select roosts on a landscape-scale, we created a presence-only model through the program MaxENT using 76 known roost locations to identify areas important to summer roosting habitat within our study area and to identify important landscape-scale factors in habitat selection. The final model showed that Indiana bats selected roosts on the upper portion of ridges on south facing slopes in mixed pine-hardwood forests at elevations of 260-700 meters. Unfortunately, due to small sample size and the large effort required to fully investigate thermoregulation of
Non-equilibrium heat transfer in acceleration and pressure-driven Poiseuille flows: A comparative study

A comparison of non-equilibrium flow and heat transfer characteristics between the accelerationdriven and pressure-driven Poiseuille flow is made with the aid of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. In particular we study thermal characteristics like temperature and heat flux profiles, heat flow rates and net heat flow directions for both cases. Our study shows several interesting similarities and contrarieties. Nonequilibrium heat flow phenomenon like a bimodal tangential heat flux profile and a heat flow rate maximum at an intermediate Knudsen number is observed for the case of the pressure-driven flow. For both acceleration and pressure-driven cases, a two-way heat flow is observed in the slip and early transition regime, whereas heat flow is unidirectional in the upper transition regime and beyond. For the pressuredriven Poiseuille flow, the net heat flow is in the opposite direction of mass flow for the entire range of Knudsen number. In the case of the acceleration driven flow, however, the heat flow direction reverses and becomes in the direction of mass flow in the upper transition regime and beyond.
Kavanagh, Kimberley and Robertson, Charles and McMenamin, Jim (2013) Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in primary care in Scotland

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Oscillation of the Measurement Accuracy of the Center Location of an Ellipse on a Digital Image

Circular targets are often utilized in photogrammetry and a circle on a plane is projected as an ellipse onto an oblique image. This paper reports an experiment conducted to investigate whether the measurement accuracy of the center location of an ellipse on a digital image oscillates as its dimension increases. The experiment was executed by the Monte Carlo simulation using 1024 synthesized images of which the centers were randomly distributed in one pixel for each ellipse. We investigated four typical measurement methods: intensity-weighted centroid method, non-iterative ellipse fitting, iterative ellipse fitting with the star operator, and least-squares matching. Three flattenings 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and three rotation angles 0.0°, 22.5°, 45.0° were investigated in the experiment. The experiment results clearly show that the measurement accuracy by all the investigated methods would oscillate as the dimension of an ellipse increases. The measurement accuracy by the intensity-weighted centroid method and the non-iterative ellipse fitting would oscillate smoothly, while that by the least-squares matching would oscillate considerably roughly. It would be impossible to determine the cycle of the oscillation except the measurement accuracy by the intensity-weighted centroid method and the non-iterative ellipse fitting when the rotation angle of an ellipse is 0.0° and 45.0°. The experiment results indicate that the flattening and the rotation angle of an ellipse would affect the cycle of the oscillation as well.
Award Number: W81XWH-09-1-0459 TITLE: NF-kappaB Activity in Macrophages Determines Metastatic Potential of Breast Tumor Cells

Introduction Metastasis from primary tumor to the lungs is a major cause of the mortality associated with breast cancer. Both immune and inflammatory responses impact whether circulating mammary tumor cells successfully colonize the lungs leading to established metastases. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factors regulate both immune and inflammatory responses mediated in part by the activities of macrophages. Therefore, NF-κB activity specifically within macrophages may be a critical determinant of whether circulating tumor cells successfully
Junk News and Bots during the French Presidential Election: What Are French Voters Sharing Over Twitter In Round Two? COMPROP DATA MEMO 2017.4 / 4 MAY 2017

Computational propaganda distributes large amounts of misinformation about politics and public policy over social media platforms. The combination of automation and propaganda can significantly impact public opinion during important policy debates, elections, and political crises. We collected Twitter data on bot activity and junk news using a set of hashtags related to the French presidential election for three days during the second round of campaigning. For our research on the first round of voting, see Data Memo 2017.3. (1) Content about Macron still dominates Twitter conversation about French politics, though the gap between Macron and Le Pen traffic has narrowed over time. (2) The proportion of traffic originating with highly automated accounts doubled between the first and second round of voting. (3) The ratio of links to professionally produced news content to other political content has gone from about 2 to 1 in the first round of voting to about 1 to 1 in the second round of voting. (4) Compared to our study of similar trends in the US and Germany, we find that Twitter users discussing French politics are sharing higher quality political news and information than many US users were sharing during the US Presidential election, but lower quality information than French users were sharing in the first round of voting and lower quality information than German users were sharing in the German Presidential
Detrital zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He geochronology of intercalated baked sediments: A new approach to dating young basalt flows

Simple numerical models suggest that many basaltic lava flows should sufficiently heat the sediments beneath them to reset (U‐Th)/He systematics in detrital zircon and apatite. This result suggests a useful way to date such flows when more conventional geochronological approaches are either impractical or yield specious results. We present here a test of this method on sediments interstratified with basalt flows of the Taos Plateau Volcanic Field of New Mexico. Nineteen zircons and apatites from two samples of baked sand collected from the uppermost 2 cm of a fluvial channel beneath a flow of the Upper Member of the Servilleta Basalt yielded an apparent age of 3.487 ± 0.047 Ma (2 SE confidence level), within the range of all published 40Ar/39Ar dates for other flows in the Upper Member (2.81–3.72 Ma) and statistically indistinguishable from the 40Ar/39Ar dates for basal flows of the Upper Member with which the studied flow is broadly correlative (3.61 ± 0.13 Ma). Given the high yield of 4He from U and Th decay, this technique may be especially useful for dating Pleistocene basalt flows. Detailed studies of the variation of (U‐Th)/He detrital mineral dates in sedimentary substrates, combined with thermal modeling, may be a valuable tool for physical volcanologists who wish to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of individual flows and lava fields.
Assessment of the Distribution and Abundance of Stinging Sea Nettles (Jellyfish)

Increasing coastal development has eliminated natural shorelines and increased substantial hard structure for cnidarian polyps. This, coupled with coastal eutrophication, has led to water quality declines for which cnidarians are minimally impacted compared to other organisms. In our system, polyp density can exceed 4,000m on non-toxic settling plates leading to potential surges of ephyra into the coastal bays. While planktonic sampling can be used to collect and quantify later stage ephyra and juveniles, we have been collecting water samples, filtering through 500 μm nylon mesh, and extracting DNA to quantitatively assess for C. quinquecirrha ephyra using qPCR. These data are then being used to develop a time lag model in which the presence of early stage ephyra DNA in the water can be correlated to the appearance of juveniles and adults at later periods of the year using plankton and lift nets, respectively. Additionally, assessing DNA in the water column has led to the discovery of wide scale presence of C. quinquecirrha in the bay, despite the absence of juveniles and adults in many regions. This suggests that polyps are established ubiquitously in the bay, but that tidal flushing and wind driven currents force these individuals out of the bay and into coastal waters where their dispersal may expand their distribution.
Portrait of a star : National Gallery of Victoria

Museums are an important segment of the creative industries arena. A "star" art museum in Melbourne, Australia, is the National Gallery of Victoria, whose mission is to illuminate life by collecting and presenting great art. This gallery operates in an increasingly competitive landscape. It is becoming more competitive and is continuously striving to achieve its own ambitions and meet the expectations of multiple stakeholders. The present case study uses a brand orientation lens to evaluate the Gallery in order to address a gap in both the brand orientation and the museum marketing literature. It is crafted from interviews, surveys and internal documents. The case study is an exemplar for other institutions to identify how brand orientation manifests itself within their institution.
Prefrontal cortex and the generation of oscillatory visual persistence

In this commentary, the formation of "pre-iconic" visual-prime persistence is described in the context of prime-specific, independent- component activation at prefrontal and posterior EEG-recording sites. Al- though this activity subserves neural systems that are near identical to those described by Ruchkin and colleagues, we consider priming to be a dynamic process, identified with patterns of coherence and temporal structure of very high precision. Neural oscillations in electrophysiological investigations are found throughout the cortex at a wide range of frequencies and at every level of resolution. The extent to which the brain appears to em- ploy oscillations, the variety and complexity of oscillatory struc- tures challenge any precise description of their functional role. If we are to consider the timing of neural activity as an organic in- stantiate of (inner) psychophysical processes at work, with a phys- ical structure that allows correspondences to be made between these levels of analysis, then "precise description" may be consid- ered to refer to which specific characteristics of neural timing re- late to which characteristic of the psychophysical process under examination. Good temporal frequency resolution in the EEG provides a means of resolving this problem by permitting corre- spondences to be made between the timing of neural events and
Korean Dependency Parsing using Deep Learning

자연어처리를 위해 사용되는 많은 기계학습 알고리즘 은 사람이 디자인한 자질(feature)을 입력으로 받아 최 고의 성능을 낼 수 있는 자질의 가중치(weight)를 찾아 낸다[1]. 그러나 자연어처리 모듈에 따라 새로운 자질을 디자인하고 최적의 성능을 내는 자질의 조합을 찾는데 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근에 딥 러닝(deep learning)을 이용한 자연어처 리 연구가 수행되고 있다[2]. 딥 러닝은 여러 층의 비선 형의 Hidden layer를 포함하고 있는 신경망(artificial neural network)으로 여러 비선형 변환(non-linear activation)의 조합을 통해 높은 수준의 추상화 (abstraction)를 시도하여 새로운 자질의 조합 혹은 표 현을 학습할 수 있는 장점이 있다[2,3]. 그러나 딥 러닝 은 여러 층의 Hidden layer로 인해 학습해야할 파라미터 의 수가 많아져 학습에 많은 시간이 소요되고 과적합 (overfitting) 되기 쉽다는 문제가 있으나, 하드웨어의 발전과 과적합을 해결하기 위한 비교사학습 (unsupervised) 방식의 사전훈련(pre-training) 및 Drop-out 기술 등이 개발되어 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있게 되었다[3,4]. 또한 비선형 변환(non-linear activation)으로 Sigmoid나 Tanh 대신 Rectified Linear hidden Unit(ReLU) 등이 개발되어 성능 향상을 보이고 있다[5]. 기계 학습 기반 한국어 의존 구문 분석은 그래프 기반 방식과 전이 기반 방식으로 나뉘는데, 그래프 기반 방식 은 일반적으로 O(n) 이상의 복잡도(complexity)를 가지 나 전이 기반 방식은 O(n)의 복잡도를 가지게 되어 긴 문장에서도 빠른 속도를 보인다[6,7,8]. 본 논문에서는 전이 기반 방식의 의존 구문 분석 기술에 사용되는 기계 학습 알고리즘으로 딥 러닝을 이용하여 자질 튜닝 작업 에 들어가는 많은 시간과 노력을 줄인다. 이를 위해 다 양한 NNLM(neural network language model)을 통해 다양 한 한국어 단어 표현을 학습하여 이를 사전훈련 (pre-training)으로 사용하고, Drop-out 기술을 이용하 여 과적합을 줄였으며, 비선형 변환(non-linear activation)으로 Sigmoid 대신 Rectified Linear hidden Unit(ReLU)를 이용하여 성능을 향상시켰다.
Damaging Real Lives through Obstinacy: Re-Emphasising Why Significance Testing is Wrong

This paper reminds readers of the absurdity of statistical significance testing, despite its continued widespread use as a supposed method for analysing numeric data. There have been complaints about the poor quality of research employing significance tests for a hundred years, and repeated calls for researchers to stop using and reporting them. There have even been attempted bans. Many thousands of papers have now been written, in all areas of research, explaining why significance tests do not work. There are too many for all to be cited here. This paper summarises the logical problems as described in over 100 of these prior pieces. It then presents a series of demonstrations showing that significance tests do not work in practice. In fact, they are more likely to produce the wrong answer than a right one. The confused use of significance testing has practical and damaging consequences for people's lives. Ending the use of significance tests is a pressing ethical issue for research. Anyone knowing the problems, as described over one hundred years, who continues to teach, use or publish significance tests is acting unethically, and knowingly risking the damage that ensues.