Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic expansions of solutions of systems of Kolmogorov backward equations for two-time-scale switching diffusions

This work is concerned with systems of coupled partial differential equations (known as Kolmogorov backward equations) for continuous-time Markov processes featuring in the coexistence of continuous dynamics and discrete events. Arising from state-dependent switching diffusions, distinct from the usual Markovian regime-switching systems, the generator of the switching component depends on the continuous state. One of the main ingredients of our models is the two-time-scale formulation. In contrast to the work on Kolmogorov forward equations in the existing literature, new techniques are developed in this paper. Although they originate from probabilistic models, the methods are analytic. Two classes of models, namely, fast-switching systems and fast-diffusion systems, are treated. Under broad conditions, asymptotic expansions are developed for the solutions of the systems of backward equations. These asymptotic series are rigorously justified and error bounds are obtained.
Improved micropropagation and foliar micromorphological studies in Turnera ulmifolia L. – An important medicinal plant

Abstract The present study reports an efficient in vitro propagation system for Turnera ulmifolia using nodal segments as explants. Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae) is an important garden plant with multipotent medicinal values. Effective shoot proliferation was achieved on agar gelled MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The maximum number of shoots (8.3 ± 0.57) per initial explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 mM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.54 mM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of shoots (59.5 ± 2.10) proliferated on semi-solid MS medium (with agar) augmented with 2.22 mM of BAP and 2.32 mM of kinetin (Kin) along with 0.54 mM of NAA. Longer (4-5 cm) and healthy shoots were rooted (12.0 ± 0.10 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium fortified with 9.84 mM of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and transferred to the field. Significant developmental changes were observed in the foliar micromorphology of in vitro raised plantlets when these were transferred to the field. The stomatal index was gradually reduced (26.72 to 21.25) in the leaves from in vitro to field environments. But, vein-islets and veinlet terminations (13.4 and 7.6) were increased (39.7 and 18.4) respectively from in vitro to in vivo grown plants. Simple, unicellular, less frequent and underdeveloped trichomes were observed with the leaves of in vitro plants but fully developed trichomes recorded in the field transferred plants. The study could help in understanding the response and adaptation of tissue culture raised plantlets towards changed environmental conditions.
Identification of a second b-glucoside phosphoenolpyruvate : carbohydrate phosphotransferase system in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Received 25 March 2009 Revised 17 July 2009 Accepted 20 July 2009 The phosphoenolpyruvate : carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) catalyses carbohydrate transport by coupling it to phosphorylation. Previously, we reported a Corynebacterium glutamicum R b-glucoside PTS encoded by bglF. Here we report that C. glutamicum R contains an additional b-glucoside PTS gene, bglF2, organized in a cluster with a putative phospho-b-glucosidase gene, bglA2, and a putative antiterminator, bglG2. While single gene disruption strains of either bglF or bglF2 were able to utilize salicin or arbutin as sole carbon sources, a double disruption strain exhibited defects in utilization of both carbon sources. Expression of both bglF and bglF2 was induced in the presence of either salicin or arbutin, although disruption of bglG2 affected only bglF2 expression. Moreover, in the presence of either salicin or arbutin, glucose completely repressed the expression of bglF but only slightly repressed that of bglF2. We conclude that BglF and BglF2 have a redundant role in b-glucoside transport even though the catabolite repression control of their encoding genes is different. We also show that expression of both bglF and bglF2 requires the general PTS.
Sustainability Reporting at Schools

Despite advances made there is still an implementation gap with regard to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in formal educational systems at the school level. The present paper focuses on sustainability reporting as a recently emerging practice in the school sector. It presents the approach and findings of an exploratory interview study at three pioneer schools in Germany that have started to establish sustainability reporting mechanisms. The study has examined how the reporting process is evaluated by project managers with regard to its benefits and challenges. Findings support the potential of sustainability reporting at schools to contribute to an increase in studentsí participation in sustainability-related activities at school, create accountability concerning the schoolís efforts, help structure the existing sustainability projects and demonstrate new possible courses of action. The high expenditure of time, the teachersí high workload and lack of support given to the teachers have been identified as major challenges of the reporting process. Further directions for future research into reporting practices at schools are given.
Replication and scaling-up of isolated mini-grid type of off-grid interventions in India

Providing basic minimum energy services has become a real challenge for developing countries of the world. India encounters the problem of provisioning basic minimum electricity services to a section of her population. Renewable energy-based decentralised systems have emerged as a viable electrification option for many developing countries of the world, particularly for rural and remote areas of the country. This study explores the replication and scaling-up of potential of such mini-grids in the least electrified states of India by considering a set of evaluation criteria i.e. grid-extension option, renewable energy resource potential, electrification rate, organisational strength, presence or absence of technical support system, and ease of access to banking services. Overall rankings suggest that top 20% districts offer good business potential for private investors to venture into the mini-grid market. However, the concern lies with the districts placed at the bottom, which require specific government interventions through appropriate policy, regulatory and financial support.
Aging 30-day hospital readmission of older adults using care transitions after hospitalization : a pilot prospective cohort study

Correspondence: Paul Y Takahashi Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Tel +1 507 284 2511 Fax +1 507 266 0036 Email takahashi.paul@mayo.edu Purpose: Patients leaving the hospital are at increased risk of functional decline and hospital readmission. The Employee and Community Health service at Mayo Clinic in Rochester developed a care transition program (CTP) to provide home-based care services for medically complex patients. The study objective was to determine the relationship between CTP use, 30-day hospital readmission, and Emergency Room (ER) visits for adults over 60 years with high Elder Risk Assessment scores. Patients and methods: This was a pilot prospective cohort study that included 20 patients that used the CTP and 20 patients discharged from the hospital without using the CTP. The medically complex study patients were drawn from the department of Employee and Community Health population between October 14, 2011 and September 27, 2012. The primary outcomes were 30-day hospital readmission or ER visit after discharge from the hospital. The secondary outcomes were within-group changes in grip strength, gait speed, and quality of life (QOL). Patients underwent two study visits, one at baseline and one at 30 days postbaseline. The primary analysis included time-to-event from baseline to rehospitalization or ER visit. Paired t-tests were used for secondary outcomes, with continuous scores. Results: Of the 40 patients enrolled, 36 completed all study visits. The 30-day hospital readmission rates for usual care patients were 10.5% compared with no readmissions for CTP patients. There were 31.6% ER visits in the UC group and 11.8% in the CTP group (P = 0.37). The secondary analysis showed some improvement in physical QOL scores (pre: 32.7; post: 39.4) for the CTP participants (P , 0.01) and no differences in gait speed or grip strength. Conclusion: Based on this pilot study of care transition, we found nonsignificant lower hospital and ER utilization rates and improved physical QOL scores for patients in the CTP group. However, the data leads us to recommend future studies with larger sample sizes (N = 250).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PERFORMANCE OF MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN DIFFERENT DIVISIONS 3

There is a lack of information about the influence of different practice levels on physical fitness and performance variables of male basketball players competing in different divisions. Hence, the purpose of this study is to compare selected physical fitness and performance variables of male players in Turkey National Basketball League’s Division I (D1), II (D2) and III (D3=Regional) and to evaluate whether players with different divisional characteristics have different physical fitness and performance variables. From the Turkey basketball league, ninety male basketball players who are competing in the division I (n=30), division II (n=30) and division III (n=30) voluntarily participated in the study. Physical fitness (body height, mass and fat percentage) and performance (vertical jump height (VJH), vertical jump power (VJP), VO2max and 20 m sprint) measurements were taken in three separate consecutive days following the completion of the first session. D1 and D3 players overall weighed more and D1 players had more body fat (BF) and lean body mass (LBM) than D2. There were significant differences in VJP between divisions (D1>D2>D3= p<0.05), but, the differences in sprint ability and body height were not significant. Although there was no difference between D1 and D2 in VO2max and VJH, their values were significantly higher than D3 (p<0.05). These results showed that in spite of relatively little differences in the average physical characteristics, there were very large statistical differences between divisions in physical performance variables of male basketball players, especially VJP and LBM which is an important criterion of performance at basketball.
IMPROVED THE INTRUSION DETECTION CLASSIFICATION RATE USING FEATURE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE BASED ON DCA AND PCNN NETWORK

Reduction and selection of intruder attribute in intrusion detection system play an important role in process of detection. The huge number of attribute in intruder induces a problem in detection process and increase more time in decision making process. In current research trend some authors used some standard technique for feature reduction such as PCA, PCNN and neural network, but these methods not consider all features for processing xed some number of feature. In this dissertation proposed a feature selection and feature reduction method based on improved GSA algorithm. The proposed algorithm select multiple feature for reduction and the reduce feature set participant the process of detection. The reduce feature of network le classied by GSA classication algorithm. The DCA algorithm in the case of small data size, if sizes of data are increase the selection of attribute process raised some problem related to feature selection. For the improvement of this problem used PCNN function for increasing the biased value of feature and feature subset selection.
Masking effects of perceptual cues on hearing-impaired ears

Objectives: Current hearing-aids mainly work by improving audibility. However the most common complaint is “I can hear the speech but I can’t understand it. ” This has led us to investigate the strategy of the hearing-impaired (HI) ear in listening to speech. In this study, effects of the masking of primary cues in HI ears are analyzed, 5 with and without the presence of conflicting cues (Li and Allen, 2011). Using confusion matrix error pattern analysis, insights are provided into the HI ear’s listening strategy. Design: Two consonant-vowel (CV) identification experiments were conducted on five normal-hearing (NH) and ten HI subjects. Four plosive consonants (tokens) /t,k,d,g/ paired with vowel /a/, in CV context, were used as target stimuli. The CVs 10 were presented at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 0, 9, and 18 dB. In experiment I the primary cue for each CV was modified in 3 ways: removed, attenuated, and amplified, resulting in a total of five conditions. Experiment II was similar except the conflicting cues were removed. Subjects’ responses were analyzed based on consonant errors. Results: The results for both NH and HI groups show a large increase in probabil15 ity of error in all SNR levels when the primary cue was removed (Exp I). The results for Exp II display more variability. The HI subjects were divided into three groups based on their average error: 1) a low error group (LEG) which contains four subjects (eight ears), 2) a medium error group (MEG) with three subjects (four ears) and 3) a high error group (HEG) with three subjects (five ears). HEG shows more reliability 20 on the presence of conflicting cues, while other HI subjects and NH subjects have less dependency on conflicting cues. Conclusions: The analysis shows that HI listeners are using the same primary cue as NH ears. The strength of the primary cue is a critical quality for low-error HI speech perception, especially in the presence of noise. 25 Overall, the LEG showed results similar to the average normal hearing (ANH) group, for both experiments, but with up to 10-15 [%] error. The subjects in MEG and HEG exhibit sensitivity to the presence of conflicting cues. The removal of the conflicting cues demonstrates that HI ears use not only the primary cue, but also conflicting cues, for correct speech perception. 30 Our results suggest that the LEG are more likely to benefit from hearing-aids. Thus it would be clinically useful to classify subjects in this way to predict success with their aided condition, as well as to improve the fitting algorithm.
Effect of GPR-derived within-field soil moisture variability on the runoff response using a distributed hydrologic model

moisture for 4 fields, 10 dates, respectively. 3. “Scenarios” of soil moisture variability, i.e., 4 deterministic and 3 stochastic soil moisture pattern. The stochastic patterns contain 1000 realizations each. 4. Application of a distributed hydrological model on the four fields, while the soil-moisture scenarios and a high intensity rain event are used as initial conditions and boundary condition, respectively. 5. The runoff resulting from these simulations is discussed and compared with each other. No measured runoff data are available. The rainfall event is not related to some of the soil moisture pattern.
An Analysis , Algorithm and Applications of Clustering and Co-ocurrence Analysis

This paper studies co-occurence analysis from a theoretical as well as applied perspective. It is found that the analysis of this task fits nicely the recent PAC-Bayesian theorems, illuminating further differences between clustering, density estimation, coclustering and the present co-ocurrence analysis. The key difference of this last with respect to unsupervised learning paradigms in general is that it has a natural notion of ’prediction loss’. This analysis motivates the PairWise Cluster Analysis (PWCA), which is essentially an extension of kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (kCCA), and empirical evidence is presented to support the findings. Index Terms —Clustering, Co-occurence analysis, kernel methods, Machine Learning ✦
Polarization of Λ Hyperons In Proton-Proton Reactions At 3.5 GeV Measured With Hades

First results of the $\Lambda$ polarization measurement by HADES in the proton-proton reactions on $\sqrt{s} = 3.18$ GeV are reported. According to the theory and measurement of the $\Lambda$ polarization at the same beam kinetic energy in p+Nb reaction, the polarization is expected to have small and negative value. Current results does not allow to draw conclusions on the results from p+p reaction. In the analysis we experience large uncertainty in the longitudinal direction and positive but small polarization in the spin-aligned direction.
Material Structure and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Nitride and Silicon Oxynitride Thin Films Deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride thin films are widely used in microelectronic fabrication and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Their mechanical properties are important for MEMS structures; however, these properties are rarely reported, particularly the fracture toughness of these films. In this study, silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride thin films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) under different silane flow rates. The silicon nitride films consisted of mixed amorphous and crystalline Si3N4 phases under the range of silane flow rates investigated in the current study, while the crystallinity increased with silane flow rate in the silicon oxynitride films. The Young’s modulus and hardness of silicon nitride films decreased with increasing silane flow rate. However, for silicon oxynitride films, Young’s modulus decreased slightly with increasing silane flow rate, and the hardness increased considerably due to the formation of a crystalline silicon nitride phase at the high flow rate. Overall, the hardness, Young modulus, and fracture toughness of the silicon nitride films were greater than the ones of silicon oxynitride films, and the main reason lies with the phase composition: the SiNx films were composed of a crystalline Si3N4 phase, while the SiOxNy films were dominated by amorphous Si–O phases. Based on the overall mechanical properties, PECVD silicon nitride films are preferred for structural applications in MEMS devices.
Three-dimensional tricritical gravity

We consider a class of parity-even, six-derivative gravity theories in three dimensions. After linearizing around anti-de Sitter space, the theories have one massless and two massive graviton solutions for generic values of the parameters. At a special, so-called tricritical, point in parameter space the two massive graviton solutions become massless, and they are replaced by two solutions with logarithmic and logarithmic-squared boundary behavior. The theory at this point is conjectured to be dual to a rank-3 logarithmic conformal field theory whose boundary stress tensor, central charges, and new anomaly we calculate. We also calculate the conserved Abbott-Deser-Tekin charges. At the tricritical point, these vanish for excitations that obey Brown-Henneaux and logarithmic boundary conditions, while they are generically nonzero for excitations that show logarithmic-squared boundary behavior. This suggests that a truncation of the tricritical gravity theory and its corresponding dual logarithmic conformal field theory can be realized either via boundary conditions on the allowed gravitational excitations, or via restriction to a zero-charge subsector. We comment on the structure of the truncated theory.
Acoustic control study of turbofan nozzles with triangular chevrons

This paper has a small part dealing with the notion of chevron and the process that helps reducing the noise pollution. Based on the gas dynamics and the geometrical parameters of the turbofan jet engine a model of CFD data processing is created. In this process the influence of chevrons on acoustic wave intensity produced by the jet is observed by analyzing this process. A series of tests have been made on 10 si 20 lobed chevrons. The combination between them and the 7 resulting cases have been studied, namely the triangular chevrons in order to settle the influence of the geometrical parameters on the flow and on the jet acoustics. Finally the contribution of the chevrons in noise pollution reduction has been highlighted.
Neutral solar wind properties: Advance warning of major geomagnetic storms

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been identified as a trigger for large geomagnetic storms. A clever idea to provide advance warning of a high-speed CME approaching the Earth was recently proposed by Hsieh et al. (1992): ejected solar matter decelerates on its way from the Sun to Earth, energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) are formed in the CME plasma due to recombination, ENAs pass the decelerating CME plasma and arrive first at the Earth. We evaluate the idea to use ENAs for advance detection of the high-speed Earth-approaching CMEs and consider the processes involved. Charge exchange between solar wind ions and interplanetary neutral atoms contribute effectively to ENA production. Characteristics of neutral gas within Earth's orbit are updated for both neutral atoms of interstellar origin and from outgassing from interplanetary dust. Computer simulation of CME-produced ENAs shows that the total flux of CME-produced ENAs is slightly smaller than the intensity of the quiescent neutral solar wind (NSW) while significantly higher ENA energies make them easily distinguishable from NSW atoms. Arrival of the CME-produced ENAs is expected 3-4 hours before the start of a large geomagnetic storm, which provides a basis for advance storm warning and prediction of storm magnitude. The progress in development of ENA measurement technique suggests that both the quiescent NSW and CME-produced ENAs can be reliably measured.
Comprehending ambiguous texts: A high reading span helps to constrain the situation model

Research has found that span measures of working memory often predict the quality of processes at the level of the text representation, but rarely at the level of the situation model. In the present study, the generality of this finding was reassessed. In two experiments, narratives conveying incremental amounts of diagnostic information about the situation described in the text were presented. The results indicated that comprehension processes at the situation model level were related to reading span. High-span readers had a better understanding than low-span readers of which situations were incompatible with the information they had read. High-span readers thus appeared better able to deactivate possible alternative representations of the situation constructed so far when those alternatives could be ruled out. The results are discussed in the context of text comprehension theories at the level of sentence versus situation model processing.
Utility Maximization for Resource Sharing in Mobile Edge Computing Tri

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a technology to provide Cloud Computing nearby end-users as the edge network. In this paper, we propose a framework for resource sharing between multiple service provider to improve the performance of MEC. Firstly, we introduce scenario of the resource sharing in MEC. Secondly, we proposed a framework to maximize social benefit and fairness of each agent in the network. Then, we design heuristic optimization for solving the maximization problem of social utility.