Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and preliminary photovoltaic behavior study of a soluble polyimide containing ruthenium complexes

Aiming to prepare photovoltaic materials with light and thermal stability, ruthenium complexes with broad absorption in the visible region were introduced to a polyimide, bpy-PI, which contains a bipyridine ligand in each repeating unit. The chemical structures of the monomers and polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The prepared polyimide containing ruthenium complexes (bpy-PI–Ru) showed good solubility in common organic solvents such as DMF, NMP, DMSO and DMAc. UV-vis measurements revealed that bpy-PI–Ru exhibits very broad absorptions in the range 350–750 nm due to the introduction of ruthenium complexes. Such absorption enhancement would enable the polymer to harvest solar light in the visible region. The onset oxidation potential of bpy-PI–Ru was measured as 0.68 V (vs. SCE), which is about 0.06 V lower than that of bpy-PI. The band gap of bpy-PI–Ru is 1.35 eV as measured by cyclic voltammetry. Solar cell devices were fabricated based on bpy-PI–Ru or the blend of bpy-PI–Ru and PCBM. Current density-voltage (J-V) measurement of the devices showed a typical rectifying behavior under a 55 mW cm−2 compact white arc lamp. The open-circuit voltages and short-circuit densities were measured to be in the ranges 0.19–0.52 V and 0.0015–0.38 mA cm−2, respectively. The short-circuit density could be further improved by anode modification through deposition of PEDOT:PSS on ITO surface.
Zirconium Solubility in Ternary Aqueous System of Zr(IV)-OH-Carboxylates

The solubility of zirconium(IV) hydroxide in the presence of oxalic and malonic acids was measured for a wide range of pH values and organic acid solutions prepared by the oversaturation method. In nearneutral pH solutions, the apparent solubility increased with the concentration of the organic acid due to the formation of soluble carboxylate complexes. On the other hand, under acidic conditions, a precipitate of carboxylate salts was formed and the solubility was controlled by the precipitate. The complex formation constants and solubility products of zirconium oxalate and malonate were obtained by analysis of the solubility results.
Poly(alkyl thiophene-3-carboxylates). Synthesis and Characterization of Polythiophenes with a Carbonyl Group Directly Attached to the Ring

Polythiophenes with electron-withdrawing ester groups attached at the 3-position, namely poly(hexyl thiophene-3-carboxylate) (1a) and poly(octyl thiophene-3-carboxylate) (1b), have been synthesized using the Ullmann reaction with copper powder in DMF. Characterization of the polymers includes IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy as well as TGA and molecular weight studies. The polymers also show red-orange and red fluorescence, respectively. The same polymers prepared using Ni(0) instead of Cu gave polymer with comparable molecular weights but higher polydispersity, which was not as uniform as shown by NMR spectroscopy and which had shorter conjugation lengths, as shown by blue-shifted UV-vis absorption and fluorescence maxima.
Penetration Testing – Reconnaissance with NMAP Tool

A penetration testing is performed on a working framework (operating system) with the desire of finding security shortcomings and misusing target OS. The objective of this testing is to discover all security vulnerabilities with no sort of really hurting the PC framework (computer system). In this research paper, we had discussed the scanning of target operating system Windows XP SP0 with using Nmap tool. We will use Nmap for finding the IP address of local host OS and also target remote host OS. We will also use some options of Nmap which will provide us more information about target ports and other useful services. The whole work is on Nmap and the attacks will be performed on Virtual machine (VMware). Kali Linux is the interface of using Nmap tool. In this research paper, we had worked with only Nmap tool for gathering the information of the target operating system. Nmap is used in reconnaissance or information gathering phase, which is the first phase of any penetration test. Keywords: Penetration testing, Vulnerabilities, Scanning, Nmap, Ports, VMware and Kali Linux.
Cage opening and fragmentation of C60 fullerene induced by an ultrashort laser pulse

Response of C60 fullerene to a 40 fs full-width at half-maximum laser pulse with a photon energy of 2.0 eV and different laser intensities is studied by semiclassical dynamics simulation technique. The simulation results show that soon after the irradiation with a strong laser pulse, many C–C bonds abruptly break but no fragments are produced. The breaking of multiple C–C bonds induces a quick increase in the kinetic energy and potential energy and a decrease in electronic energy. These results suggest that the opening of the C60 cage is an effective channel for the conversion of electronic energy to kinetic energy for the electronically excited C60 fullerene.
Diffusion-controlled kinetics of carbon nanotube forest growth by chemical vapor deposition

A detailed theoretical study of carbon nanotube (NT) forest growth by chemical vapor deposition is given, including (i) ballistic mode of carbon species impingement into the NT surface, (ii) the carbon diffusion over NT surface and through the metal nanoparticle, and (iii) the temperature drop at the NT tip occurring with increase in NT length. For typical NT forest growth parameters the ballistic flux of carbon species impinging into the NT surface decays quasiexponentially within several microns from the top. A variety of feasible growth modes, ranging from linear to exponential versus time, is predicted agreeing well with reported experiments. The presence of a metal nanoparticle is shown to shift NT growth from being surface diffusion controlled to being controlled by bulk diffusion through the nanoparticle. For typical growth conditions the growth rate is shown to be controlled simultaneously by surface diffusion over NT surface and bulk diffusion of carbon through metal nanoparticle. However, even i.
Instantaneous, Facile and Selective Synthesis of Tetrabromobisphenol A using Potassium Tribromide: An Efficient and Renewable Brominating Agent

An instantaneous method for the bromination of bisphenol A has been reported using potassium tribromide for the first time as an efficient brominating agent affording the corresponding tetrabromobisphenol A in a reaction time of only 5−10 min at ambient temperature in high yields (99%) and purity (>99%), free from reaction byproduct and having very low ionic impurities. Mild reaction conditions and simple workup provide a practical and commercially viable route for the synthesis of the largest selling flame retardant. The generated HBr during the bromination reaction is used either in the preparation of value-added brominated products or is disposed of as waste, causing serious environmental problems. An environmentally acceptable method for an inbuilt recycling of HBr by its neutralisation, thereby generating additional amounts of metal bromide and recovering the solvent from the liquid mixture has been designed and developed. The KBr used for the preparation of potassium tribromide can be recovered, reg.
Communications: Method for Estimating Potassium Permanganate Disease Treatment Rates for Channel Catfish in Ponds

Abstract A method is described for estimating potassium permanganate (KMnO4) treatment rates for external bacterial or protozoan infections of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in ponds. The method is based upon an empirical relationship developed from field experiences and uses a simple, 15-min KMnO4-demand test to account for the permanganate consumed in reactions with organic substances in the water. The 15-min KMnO4-demand value is multiplied by 2.5 to obtain an estimate of the required KMnO4 treatment rate. The method is applicable to pond waters of both low and high organic content, and treatment rates estimated by this method appear to be safe for channel catfish in ponds.
Polyaniline Nanowires-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Label Free Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymers have attracted increasing interest as a transducer material for biosensors applications. In this study, we demonstrate the use of PANI nanowires (NWs) as immobilization platforms in the configuration of an electrochemical immunosensor for label free detection of Japanese encephalitis virus. The PANI NWs were synthesized on the surface of an interdigitated platinum (Pt) microelectrode via electrochemical growth. The morphology and characteristics of the PANI NWs on the Pt microelectrode were verified by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti- Japanese encephalitis virus polyclonal IgG antibody was then covalently immobilized on the PANI NWs-coated Pt microelectrode by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimde (NHS). The detection of Japanese encephalitis virus antigens was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed PANI NWs-based electrochemical immunosensor could detect the Japanese encephalitis virus with a detection limit below 10 ng/ml. The results from EIS analysis also indicate that when the PANI NWs were exposed to nonspecific molecules, a negligible response was found, and it did not impact to the specificity of the sensor in the virus detection. This work shows the potential use of PANI NWs in electrochemical immunosensors for label free detection of other pathogens and small biomolecules.
Morphology and Thermodynamic Behavior of Syndiotactic Polypropylene-Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) Block Polymers Prepared by Living Olefin Polymerization

We investigate the morphology and phase behavior of syndiotactic polypropylene-block-poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (sPP-EPR) and syndiotactic polypropylene-block-polyethylene (sPP-PE) block copolymers. Order−disorder transition temperatures of selected sPP-EPR block copolymers, determined by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were analyzed using mean field theory to obtain χ(T), the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter for the sPP/PE pair, as χsPP-PE = 6.2/T − 0.0053 normalized to a four-carbon repeat unit. Various ordered morphologies were observed by TEM, including cylindrical, lamellar, and hexagonally perforated layer morphologies, the latter being most often observed despite the fact that it is expected to be metastable. The sPP crystallization and melting temperatures, Tc and Tm, determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), show surprisingly little correlation with either block copolymer morphology or the state of block copolymer mel.
Bulk Production of High-Purity Carbon Nanosphere by Combination of Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods

A simple method to produce pure carbon nanosphere (CNS) in high yield using continuous chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique (combination of floating catalyst CVD and fluidized bed CVD) is proposed. Carbon fiber substrate, acetylene precursor, and Fe catalyst are employed to produce CNS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry confirm the formation of a high percentage of hexagonal carbon. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal spheres that confirm uniform structures. Thermal gravimetric analysis implies that the CNS are free from the carbon fiber substrate as they start to decompose at a lower temperature compared to that of carbon fiber substrate. Under the optimal conditions of 700°C in ambient pressure at 60 min of reaction time and 300 mL/min of acetylene flow rate, CNS with an average diameter of less than 200 nm, 98% purity and yield of 3.07 mg/mg is obtained.
Analysis of filtration mechanism of crossflow upward and downward ultrafiltration.

The filtration characteristics of crossflow ultrafiltration are studied for two types of solutes, a protein (BSA) and a colloid (silica sol), under constant-pressure conditions. It is shown that the time variation of the filtration rate coincides with that of dead-end ultrafiltration until the filtration rate drops to a certain value, and that the gel-cake is easily swept away at a relatively small crossfiow velocity. Effects of the crossflow velocity, the filtration pressure and the solute concentration on the dynamically balanced filtration rate are explained by considering the balance between the “particulate” solutes accumulating on the gel-cake surface and those to be swept away by the shear force due to crossflow at steady state. It was also found that the dynamically balanced filtration rate in crossfiow upward ultrafiltration coincides with that in dead-end upward ultrafiltration under conditions below the critical shear stress τw·c, whereas it is in accord with that in crossflow downward ultrafiltration above τw·c.
Laser-desorption mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and the mechanism of desorption ionization

This paper reports sucrose mass spectra obtained by combining laser desorption with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Remarkable similarities in fragmentation behavior with secondary ion mass spectra (SIMS) provide evidence for mechanistic similarities between SIMS and laser desorption (LD). Attachment of alkali metals to organic molecules (cationization) is a common feature of desorption ionization. This process also occurs during laser desorption of involatile compounds which further indicates the existence of underlying similarities between LD and SIMS. Steady ion currents (several thousand ions per laser pulse) of cationized sucrose are obtained for relatively long periods (minutes).
Low-Temperature Synthesis Methods of Doped Apatite-Type Lanthanum Silicates

Al- and Sr-doped apatite-type lanthanum silicates (ATLS) have been prepared using mechanochemical activation (MA) and Pechini (Pe) methods. MA of a stoichiometric mixture in the high-power planetary ball mill provides the formation of a high purity crystalline ATLS at room temperature after 20–35 min activation. The phase composition and local structure of doped ATLS are determined by milling time and the dopant content. 5 min MA of carbonate precursors obtained via Pe method results in the formation of a single-phase ATLS at 900°C.
Ellipsometry for thin-film and surface analysis

The development of ellipsometry instrumentation and applications over the past few decades is surveyed. The attraction of the manual null instruments has been their ability to perform measurements with submonolayer sensitivity on surfaces in situ: in vacuum, high-pressure reactive gases, and liquids. The time required to make a single measurement (>1 min) has limited studies to static or quasi-static surfaces. The development of automatic instruments, starting in the 1960s and continuing to this day, has led to a reduction in measurement time by 10{sup 4}-10{sup 7}, expanding the measurement capabilities. Among the most advanced automatic ellipsometers currently in use are those that use optical spectrometric multichannel analyzers for near-simultaneous collection of spectra.
ANALYSIS OF CONSTANT PRESSURE FILTRATION OF POWER-LAW NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

Filtration of non-Newtonian fluids has become increasingly important in broad areas of industry. In the previous paper, a basic theory of power-law non-Newtonian filtration was presented by using the fixed spatial coordinate which has been traditionally used in studies in filtration, and an approximate method for predicting overall filtration characteristics was presented. In this paper, a more accurate theory is derived in consideration of the internal flow rate variation due to cake compressibility, which enables one to evaluate not only the rigorous, overall characteristics but also the internal cake structures in non-Newtonian filtration. The theory is represented by using a moving coordinate in accordance with recent works in cake expression. Under various conditions of the flow behavior index TV, ranging from N- 0.344 for highly pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids to N=-1 for Newtonian fluids, and of applied filtration pressure ranging from 1000 to 3000 G/cm2, constant-pressure filtration experiments were carried out. It is shown that both the observed variations of the hydraulic pressures pL in filter cake and the average specific filtration resistance experimentally determined coincide fairly well with predictions based upon the theory presented in this paper.
New techniques for simulating crystals

Methods for simulating solid crystalline phases are generally not as straightforward as those for fluids. This work discusses the reason for this and reviews some recently developed Monte-Carlo techniques for simulating crystalline phases. The self-referential (SR) method for calculating crystal free energies is described first. This technique is particularly straightforward and it is expected to be very versatile. Next, a novel kind of Gibbs ensemble method adapted to treat crystalline solid–fluid coexistence is described. This technique requires free energy calculations of the crystalline phase as input, and of course, these can be provided by the SR method.
Ultrahigh time-resolution vibrational spectroscopy of shocked molecular solids

A method is described for obtaining ultrahigh time-resolution vibrational spectra of shocked polycrystalline materials. A microfabricated shock target array assembly is used, consisting of a polymer shock generation layer, a polymer buffer layer, and a thin sample layer. A near-IR pump pulse launches the shock. A pair of delayed visible probe pulses generate a coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) spectrum of the sample. High-resolution Raman spectra of shocked crystalline anthracene are obtained. From the Raman shock shift, the shock pressure is determined to be 2.6 GPa. The rise time of shock loading is 400 ps. This rise time is limited by hydrodynamics of the shock generation layer. The shock velocity in the buffer layer is found to be 3.7 (±0.5) km/s, consistent with the observed shock pressure. As the shock propagates through a few μm of buffer material, the rise time and pressure can be monitored. The rise time decreases from ∼800 to ∼400 ps over the first 6 μm of travel, and the pressure begins to decl.
Enzyme-based fiber optic zinc biosensor

A fluoresence-based fiber optic biosensor capable of detecting zinc(II) at nanomolar concentrations is described. The sensor transduces the specific recognition of the ion by an enzyme (carbonic anhydrase) as change in the fluorescence of an inhibitor which binds to the zinc in the active site. The concentration of metal ion is proportional to the ratio of fluorescence intensity at two wavelengths, corresponding to the emission from bound and free inhibitor. Sensing of zinc may be performed through a single optical fiber.
Effect of zeolite application and soil pH on cadmium sorption in soils

Abstract In this study the influence of zeolite application and soil liming on cadmium (Cd) sorption by soils in Greece was investigated. The zeolite was natural and consisted mainly of clinoptilolite. The soil samples were strongly acid surface horizons of an Alfisol limed from a pH of 4.0 to 8.5, and a neutral Bt horizon. The result showed that liming and zeolite application substantially increased sorption of Cd in the soils. Cadmium sorption was described adequately by the Freundlich equation whereas the Langmuir model failed to describe Cd sorption in the soils. The Freundlich constant K increased in value by zeolite application as well as by soil liming. A strong relationship was observed between this parameter and soil pH. A high percentage of cadmium sorbed was released in the desorption procedure. The amount of Cd released was reduced by zeolite application as well as by soil liming. It is concluded that zeolite application as well as soil liming increased Cd sorption by the soils.
Quaternary Germanide Arsenides ZrCuGeAs and HfCuGeAs

The quaternary germanide arsenides ZrCuGeAs and HfCuGeAs were prepared by reaction of “ZrCuGe” or “HfCuGe” precursor materials with As at 800 °C. They are new representatives of the ZrCuSiAs-type structure (tetragonal, space group P4/nmm, Z = 2, Pearson symbol tP8), as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction on ZrCuGeAs (a = 3.7155(2) A, c = 9.5644(6) A) and powder X-ray diffraction on HfCuGeAs (a = 3.6935(3) A, c = 9.5557(9) A). They belong in the small category of ZrCuSiAs-type compounds exhibiting strong covalent bonding in three dimensions, as reflected in their location in a structure map and as confirmed by band structure calculations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provides evidence for anionic As atoms. Both compounds exhibit temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism.
Early hydration of ordinary Portland cement with an alkaline shotcrete accelerator

The early hydration (< 24 h) of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with an added alkaline shotcrete accelerator was investigated by means of differential calorimetric analysis, an environmental scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compared with normal cement paste, the presence of the accelerator first changes the hydration conditions, such as the ion concentrations and the pH value of the liquid phase of the paste directly after mixing. It influences the reactions of cement clinkers and the development of the hydrate phases. A foil-like hydration product composed of calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH) phases, long fibre-like ettringite crystals and tabular monosulphates was detected in the microstructure of the paste with the accelerator. The additional Al(OH)4− from the accelerator takes part in the hydration reactions to form CAH phases. The reactions of the accelerator are dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the liqui.
Combining Antimicrobial and Steam Treatments in a Vacuum-packaging System to Control Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-eat Franks

ABSTRACT: This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of steam or steam in combination with an antimicrobial agent to control Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat (RTE) franks. The franks were surface-inoculated to contain 6 or 3 log10(colony-forming units [CFU])/cm2 of L. monocytogenes and treated with steam or steam in combination with an antimicrobial agent, immediately followed by vacuum-sealing the top films of frank packages (6 franks per package in a single layer). Three log (CFU) /cm2 of reductions were achieved at the both inoculation levels for L. monocytogenes on franks. At an inoculation level of 3 logs, no outgrowth of L. monocytogenes was obtained on the treated franks after storing at 4.4°C or 16°C for a combined 47 d. This study provided an alternative approach for controlling L. monocytogenes in packaged franks.