Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The production of orange press liquor spirit: technical and economic aspects

The orange juice industry produces, at the end of the residue extraction, a by-product called orange press liquor. Considering its high content of soluble solids and the large volume of the liquor produced in Brazilian orange juice plants, an earlier study was conducted on the technical viability of using orange press liquor as raw material for a new distilled beverage, with promising results. With a view to increasing efficiency and possibly attracting investments in the growing international market for new and exotic beverages, the aim of the present study was to optimize the orange press liquor spirit process and to evaluate the economic aspects of its production. The results showed that this process can yield a good quality beverage, comparable to the sugar cane spirit cachaca and other similar products, as well as having economic advantages and potential for immediate further growth, without extra investment costs.
Relationships between Height, Mass, Body Mass Index, and Trunk Muscle Activation during Seated Whole-Body Vibration Exposure

Operators of heavy equipment are often exposed to high levels of whole-body vibration (WBV), which has been associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. Although anthropometric factors are known to impact vibration dose and risk of low back pain, studies have yet to investigate the influence of anthropometric factors on muscle activation during WBV exposure. This study quantified the relationships between muscle activation, vibration frequency, body mass, body mass index (BMI), and height both pre- and post-fatigue. Muscle activation of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), lumbar erector spinae (LE) and thoracic erector spinae (TE) were quantified using surface electromyography. Results indicate increased activation with increased mass, BMI, and frequency for the LE, TE, and IO, which may be a result of increased activation to stabilize the spine. Decreased muscle activation with increased height was seen in the TE, IO, and pre-fatigue EO, which could indicate higher risk for low back injury since height is associated with increased forces on the spine. This may contribute to the association between increased low back pain incidence and increased height. Results suggest that ISO 2631-1 health guidance should incorporate anthropometric factors, as these may influence muscle activation and back injury risk.
Albuminuria within the Normal Range Can Predict All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality

Key Points Despite interest in low-grade albuminuria and poor clinical outcomes, evidence from a large-scale population is lacking. In this large cohort study, low-grade albuminuria was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In the general population, low-grade albuminuria should be carefully monitored. Visual Abstract Background Despite interest in low-grade albuminuria and poor clinical outcomes, evidence from a large-scale population is lacking. Therefore, we identified the association of low-grade albuminuria within the normal range with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Methods After excluding individuals with urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g (n=6094), this cohort study analyzed 43,396 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016). Participants were divided into four quartiles of ACR. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was CV mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results During a median 7.9 years of follow-up, 3516 (9%) participants died. Compared with the reference group (Q1, ACR <4.171 mg/g), low-grade albuminuria groups were associated with all-cause mortality (Q3, ACR ≥6.211 to <10.010 mg/g, hazard ratio [HR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.41]; Q4, ACR ≥10.010 mg/g, HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.41 to 1.76]) in a multivariable hazards model. A similar pattern was also seen in the association of low-grade albuminuria with CV mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that low-grade albuminuria was also associated with all-cause mortality in the nondiabetic group, nonhypertensive group, and non-CKD group (eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Conclusions Our findings suggest that low-grade albuminuria is associated with all-cause and CV mortality. Low-grade albuminuria should be monitored, even for patients with low CV risk.
Verification of boundary layer wind patterns in COSMO-REA2 using clear-air radar echoes

Abstract. The verification of high-resolution meteorological models requires highly resolved validation data and appropriate tools of analysis. While much progress has been made in the case of precipitation, wind fields have received less attention, largely due to a lack of spatial measurements. Clear-sky radar echoes could be an unexpected part of the solution by affording us an indirect look at horizontal wind patterns: regions of horizontal convergence attract non-meteorological scatterers such as insects; their concentration visualizes the structure of the convergence field. Using a two-dimensional wavelet transform, this study demonstrates how divergences and reflectivities can be quantitatively compared in terms of their spatial scale, anisotropy (horizontal), and direction. A long-term validation of the highly resolved regional reanalysis COSMO-REA2 against the German radar mosaic shows surprisingly close agreement. Despite theoretically predicted problems with simulations in or near the “grey zone” of turbulence, COSMO-REA2 is shown to produce a realistic diurnal cycle of the spatial scales larger than 8 km. In agreement with the literature, the orientation of the patterns in both datasets closely follows the mean wind direction. Conversely, an analysis of the horizontal anisotropy reveals that the model has an unrealistic tendency towards highly linear, roll-like patterns early in the day.
Characterization of Novel Brazilians Rhizosphere Soil Trichoderma spp. to Select Effective Biocontrol Agents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Beans

Trichoderma spp. are fungus considered one of the most attractive for biological control due to its different mechanisms action against plant pathogens and action to promote plant growth and productivity. The molecular characterization of this group of antagonists is of great importance for conducting studies in the area of biodiversity and for identifying and selecting the possibility of their use in biological control. Objective of this work was to identify 29 Trichoderma isolates based on molecular profiles and phylogenetic analysis sequence the rRNA gene ITS1-5-8S-ITS2, as well as to select the isolates that presented the highest levels of antagonism against S. sclerotiorum and that promoted growth in common bean using experiments in vitro and in a greenhouse. Among the sequences obtained, a total of five different Trichoderma species were identified: T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. brevicompactum and T. tomentosum. The Trichoderma isolates used showed a variation in the mycelial inhibition of the pathogen by non-volatile metabolites between 84.11% to 100%. Regarding the dry weight of the plants treated with Trichoderma and the pathogen, it was observed that ten Trichoderma isolates promoted plant growth in relation to the control with a variation of 2.6% to 34%. T. asperellum CEN201 proved to be the best candidate to participate in a broader selection that would include field tests for the biological control of S. sclerotiorum and growth promotion in common bean, as in the laboratory and at home of vegetation showed great success in inhibiting the pathogen and promoting plant growth.
Location of two simultaneously active continuous acoustic emission sources on an aluminum beam

Acoustic emission analysis (AE) is used for characterization and location of developing defects in materials. AE sources often generate a mixture of various statistically independent signals. One difficult problem of AE analysis is the separation and characterization of signal components when the signals from various sources and the way in which the signals were mixed are unknown. Recently, blind source separation (BSS) by independent component analysis (ICA) has been used to solve these problems. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of ICA to time‐delay estimation of two independent continuous AE sources on an aluminum beam. It is shown that it is possible to estimate time delays by ICA, and thus to locate two independent simultaneously emitted sources.
Investigations on the use of the mobile bag technique in ponies

The mobile bag technique has been employed to study the small intestinal digestibility of feed components in ruminants and total tract digestibility values in pigs. This study reports some preliminary investigations on the use of mobile bags to estimate both total and partial tract digestibility values in ponies.Four caecally fistulated Welsh cross pony geldings (approx LW 250 kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay (DM: 918, CP: 73, NDF: 716) plus 30 g/h/d of a horse mineral supplement. Mobile bags were prepared from monofilament polyester mesh with a pore size of 41 um using a commercial heat sealer and were used to estimate the feed constituent digestibility of a commercial horse concentrate (DM: 918, CP: 151, NDF: 403) in both the total tract and post-ileal segments of the ponies digestive tract.
Innovation attributes and their linkages to behavioral drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt True Shallot Seed

True Shallot Seed (TSS) has been promoted as an alternative solution to overcome shallot yield problems in Indonesia. A case study method was employed to assess perceptions of innovation attributes and their linkages to behavioral drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt TSS. Respondents were shallot farmers in Cirebon and Brebes involved in participatory on-farm trials. All innovation attributes, i.e. relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, triability and observability are perceived as positive by farmers. Farmers’ attitudes toward TSS suggest a favorable evaluation of TSS innovation. Concerning subjective norms, farmers believe that researchers/extension workers encourage their behavior to adopt TSS. In terms of behavioral control, farmers perceive the ease of performing TSS adoption. Meanwhile, farmers also indicate a high intention to perform the behavior of adopting TSS. This pre-adoption case study has generated some hypotheses for further detailed examination and test. Those hypotheses address important research needs, such as understanding TSS innovation attributes as perceived by farmers, the antecedents of farmers’ attitudes toward TSS, and the role of farmers’ behavioral preferences toward intentions to adopt TSS. It is recommended to integrate the innovation diffusion theory with the theory of planned behavior as the framework for future adoption studies using survey research method.
The Relevance of Regenerating Gene 1a Polymorphisms to Radiation Sensitivity and Survival of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Receiving Radiotherapy in a Southern Chinese Population

Objective Gene polymorphism is closely related to tumor development, therapeutic response and prognosis. The relationship between regenerating gene 1A (Reg1A) polymorphism and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the association between Reg1a polymorphisms and metastasis, radiation sensitivity and survivals in patients with NPC. Methods A total of 308 patients who had received radiotherapy at the Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Hainan Medical College, between January 2010 and December 2018 with NPC, were enrolled for assessment of Reg1a polymorphisms through direct DNA sequencing. Results In the polymorphism of gene REG1A, patients with rs10165462 20CC genotype had later T stages (OR = 4.051, 95% CI: 1.775–9.244, P = 0.001), whereas carriers with rs12072 2922CC genotype had earlier T stages (OR = 1.891, 95% CI: 1.018–3.514, P = 0.044) after adjustments for age and gender, respectively. Among rs10165462 20 C/T polymorphism, 20TT wild-type was associated with better radiation response (P = 0.0019), and multivariate analysis showed that it was the only genotype of polymorphism that was significantly associated with better radiation response (OR = 0.265, 95% CI: 0.096–0.727, P = 0.01). Patients with the 20TT wild-type had a better five-year overall survival (60.9%) rate and five-year progression-free survival (60.8%) than those with the 20CC genotype (41.8% and 39.4%, P = 0.01 and P = 0.004, respectively). Patients with variant alleles (CC + CT) had significantly poorer OS (45.2%) and PFS (41.8%) compared with wild-type (TT) carriers (60.9% and 60.8%; P = 0.037 and P = 0.015, respectively). As for rs12072, patients with variant alleles (TT + TC) had significantly adverse OS and PFS compared with wild-type (CC) carriers (62.5% vs 44.8% and 62.5% vs 42.9%; P = 0.024 and P = 0.027, respectively). Cox regression showed that rs10165462 20CT was the only prognostic factor for OS (HR = 1.642, 95% CI 1.038–2.598, P = 0.034) and PFS (HR = 1.705, 95% CI 1.080–2.692, P = 0.022). Conclusion Reg1a polymorphisms may be a predictor of radiation response, local invasion, OS and PFS in patients with NPC who undergo radiotherapy treatment.
Effects of melatonin on sleep disturbances in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, controlled pilot study

Background Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, optimal management of sleep disturbances is uncertain, and objective studies of sleep quality in PwMS are scarce. Objectives To determine the effect of exogenous melatonin on sleep quality and sleep disturbances in PwMS. Methods Thirty adult PwMS reporting sleep difficulties were recruited in a randomized, controlled, double-blind cross-over study. They took either melatonin or placebo for 2 weeks, and the opposite for the following 2 weeks. During weeks 2 and 4, an actigraph was used to capture mean total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected at weeks 0, 2 and 4. Results Melatonin use significantly improved mean total sleep time (p = 0.03), with a trend towards higher sleep efficiency (p = 0.06). No PROs were significantly different; there was a trend for melatonin use to decrease mean Insomnia Severity Index score (p = 0.07), improve Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index sleep quality component (p = 0.07), and improve NeuroQoL-Fatigue (p = 0.06). No other PROs showed differences between melatonin and placebo; nor did step count measured by actigraphy (all p > 0.45). Conclusion These results provide preliminary evidence that melatonin, a low-cost, over-the-counter supplement, could improve objective measures of sleep quality in PwMS.
SIGNAL PROCESSING METHODS ON HIGH EFFICIENT DIGITAL RECORDING

The application of signal processing technologies is tutorially discussed for coping with the strong demand of a higher packing density in the magnetic, optical, and magneto-optical recording systems. Firstly, the source coding and error protection scheme in the conventional transmission systems are briefly considered from the standpoint of recording systems. Finding a suitable recording code in combination with equalization and detection methods is crucially important for improving the net packing density while maintaining satisfactory data reliability. Then consideration of recording code, read process and equalization methods is given. Finally, the problem of a decoding method, especially Viterbi algorithm, and error probability are briefly investigated.
Design of impedance-transforming microstrip-balanced stripline tapered transitions

An improved approach to the computer-aided modelling of impedance-transforming microstrip-balanced stripline tapers used in microwave doubly balanced mixers is presented. The spectral domain method has been used to determine the parameters of a suspended microstrip with finite ground plane width. Calculations show that dispersion effects in the analysed structure are insignificant. The designed and realised 50–100ω transition on a 1.5mm thick alumina substrate exhibited very good or acceptable performance up to 10 and 15GHz, respectively. A method to suppress undesired modes appearing in the case of shielded transitions has been proposed and experimentally verified.
Cellular and biomolecular mechanics and mechanobiology

The book comprises a number of articles by experts in the field of cellular andbiomolecularmechanics. Since themid1990s there has been a tremendous shift in the field of biomechanics. Before that time, biomechanics was a discipline that was covered mainly by mechanical or civil engineers who applied mechanics to biological systems. In retrospect you might say that there was at that time only a very faint connection between the life sciences, biology, microbiology and biomechanics. When biomechanical engineers studied the composition of biological materials, they did this to understand the constitutive behaviour in the sense of strength and stiffness ofmaterials, and they did not, as such, focus on remodelling, adaptation, aging and pathology processes. As the editor, Amit Gefen, in the preface of his book clearly states, this has changed tremendously in the last 15 years because of advances in (vital) imaging techniques at the microscopic level and methods for manipulation at a very small scale. Also the enormous power of software and hardware has made a big contribution.Currently, it is quite normal tomeet biologists, cell biologists, physiologists and other life sciences experts at meetings with the label ‘biomechanics’. Any process in which mechanics play a role in the human body is studied, whether it is at the molecular scale, cellular scale or tissue level. This is reflected in the subjects that are discussed in the book. The book is divided into fourmain parts. The first part is about fundamental concepts and contains five chapters with reviews on several subjects: the response of cells to mechanical loading on molecular and cell scale, cell adhesion and spreading, developmental biology and a special chapter on the role of primary cilia. As mentioned previously, new experimental techniques on the molecular and cellular scale have influenced the development of cell biomechanics enormously and the second part of the book is devoted to some of these methods. This includes microfluidics and the use of nanotechnology to understand the interaction between cells and their environment, the use of a range of different gels as a model system for the cell environment and techniques to manipulate single cell. The third part of the book is focused on computationalmodels to describe damage, remodelling and adaptation at the cellular level including aspects such as the role of cell adhesion in the behaviour of the cell as well as cell communication. The last part is aimed at modelling to understand pathology and is completed by a section focused on mechanobiology in cancer. In my opinion this book is an excellent start for any scientist who wants to enter this very challenging, intriguing and rapidly developing field of research. For the researcher, already active in this field, the book provides an outstanding overview of the state of the art of research in this area containing both extensive references and contributions from world leading experts within this field.
Seismic evaluation of Brent-Spence bridge

This is the second part of a two-part paper on field testing and analytical studies related to seismic behavior of the Brent-Spence bridge, which connects Covington, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, over the Ohio River. This part of the paper deals with seismic evaluation of the bridge, while the first part dealt with free and ambient vibration studies of the bridge by field testing and finite-element analysis. Site-specific ground motion scenarios are developed for the bridge to represent probable earthquakes that may occur in these seismic zones. The time histories of these events are then used in the seismic analysis of the main bridge and response spectra are used for analyzing the approach spans. A three-dimensional finite-element model of the main bridge was subjected to the time histories to determine maximum responses (displacements, forces, and stresses). The seismic analysis of approach spans dealt only with the potential for loss of span due to excessive longitudinal displacement along the highway main line. For the maximum credible earthquake of magnitude 8.5 surface wave magnitude (7.3 body wave magnitude) on the Richter scale at New Madrid, Missouri, the seismic evaluation indicates that the main bridge will survive the earthquake in the elastic range without significant damage and no loss of span. The approach spans are found to be vulnerable to loss of span failure in the event of a maximum credible earthquake.
Research and Development of Transportable Coastal Radar at S-band Frequency with FM-CW Technology for Supporting C4ISR

In this paper, a research on coastal Radar to support C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) was carried out.This coastal Radar has an advantage of easy to be transported in order to observe seas/coastal areas in different locations. The Radar technology used in this research is FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) with a S-band working frequencies, where this type of Radar has a LPI (low probability of intercept) capability. In this paper, the presentation is on antenna and hardware development, while the radar software is currently still on progress for the installation. The Radar consists of antenna system (dual antenna), an antenna moving parts (stator + motor), the high frequency part of RF (radio frequency), power supply, rotary joint for connecting between the RF with antenna, down converter to convert the signal RF to IF (intermediate frequency), power splitter 3-1 and 1-3 serves as a multiplexer and de-multiplexer. The mux/de-mux connects to the signal processing part of IF, part of the data processing and Radar signal, and the Radar display. The designed and fabricated antenna system produces bandwidth of 61.25 MHz, VSWR at 3 GHz = 1.303, one degree of horizontal angle and vertical angle of 19.6 degrees. The measurement results show a similarity between the designed and the measured antennas, i.e., the vertical beamwidth <20 ° and antenna gain array of 27.52 dBi. Keywords-component;radar; coastal; radio frequency; antenna; continuous wave.
Using local alignment to enhance single-cell bisulfite sequencing data efficiency

MOTIVATION Single-cell bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) techniques have been developed for DNA methylation heterogeneity detection and studies with limited materials. However, the data deficiency such as low read mapping ratio is still a critical issue. RESULTS We comprehensively characterize single-cell BS-seq data and reveal chimerical molecules to be the major source of alignment failures. These chimerical molecules are produced by recombination of genomic proximal sequences with microhomology regions (MR) after bisulfite conversion. In addition, we find DNA methylation within MR is highly variable, suggesting the necessity of removing these regions to accurately estimate DNA methylation levels. We further develop scBS-map to perform quality control and local alignment of bisulfite sequencing data, chimerical molecule determination and MR removal. Using scBS-map, we show remarkable increases in uniquely mapped reads, genomic coverage and number of CpG sites, and recover more functional elements with precise DNA methylation estimation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The scBS-map software is freely available at https://github.com/wupengomics/scBS-map. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.