Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying real-world problems with automated vehicles by detecting behavioral differences in steering movements between the human driver and machine

In recent years, the validation of automated features in vehicles has become more extensive and complex than initially anticipated. Unfortunately, reality has caught up with the original optimism and enthusiasm that envisaged fully automated vehicles on the roads by 2020. The development of vehicles that can operate fully autonomously, without human intervention, worldwide in all environmental conditions remains an open problem and still requires some development effort. The preparation of an approach for certification and validation of autonomous car systems completely independent from the vehicles control system themselves remains a significant problem. To validate the safety of the systems, this work introduces the Shadow System (SS), an original and novel system that allows the detection and handling of problems in automated vehicles under real conditions. The method uses the human driver as a reference to verify the safe operation of a vehicle. A way to measure behavioral differences for steering movements is presented using a specially developed component called the Shadow Steering Wheel (SSW). This enables the steering movements of the human driver and automated vehicle to be measured independently. The proposed system is based on non-intrusive techniques. With the presented method, safety-critical and problematic traffic scenarios can be objectively identified in real time under real conditions during the validation phase and safely corrected by the human driver.
Reproductive aspects of Leptodactytus hylaedactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae), a member of the Leptodactylus marmoratus species group, with a description of tadpoles and calls

In this paper we describe some aspects of the reproductive biology of Leptodactylus hylaedactylus from open areas of Central Amazonia, Brazil. We describe the calling site, reproductive season, daily pattern of calling activity, chamber structure, vocalizations and tadpole morphology. Males of Leptodactylus hylaedactylus called amidst grasses and bushes in open and urban areas, throughout the year, and a greater number of males were heard in the period from 16:00 to 20:00 h. The eggs are deposited in underground chambers, which are spherical or elliptical. Larval development occurs inside the chambers. Two types of vocalizations were detected, the advertisement and the territorial call. The advertisement call of the species studied herein differs from other calls described for L. hylaedactylus from other localities of Brazil, but is very similar to that described from Peru. Tadpole morphology is similar to that described from individuals in French Guiana.
Yield Potential and Physiological and Morphological Characteristics Related to Yield Performance in Oryza glaberrima Steud.

Abstract Oryza glaberrima has mostly been used as a source to improve stress resistance of Oryza sativa. Improvement of this species could be an approach to use its adaptability to local environments in Africa such as multiple resistance to several indigenous constraints. The yield of O. glaberrima was inferior to that of O. sativa under favorable growth conditions but not under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, spikelet number before grain shattering was no less in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa at any fertilizer input levels, suggesting that the yield potential of O. glaberrima is as high as that of O. sativa. Inferior yield of O. glaberrima reported in favorable environments could result from grain shattering enhanced by such growth environments where higher incidence of lodging, which is another undesirable character of O. glaberrima, can occur. Regarding characteristics associated to yield generation, O. glaberrima seemed to possess: higher dry matter production and greater leaf area than O. sativa at least until heading; a lower photosynthetic rate per leaf area but a higher rate against the same leaf nitrogen content in a low content range; higher responsiveness of dry matter, leaf area and leaf photosynthesis to increases in nitrogen inputs; lower water-use efficiency on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange bases; faster progress of leaf senescence during maturity; and faster completion of grain filling during maturity than O. sativa.
Intrusion Detection Approach of Power Information Network Based on DNSAE and IQPSO-SVM

As the electric power industry gradually crosses into the new digital comprehensive interconnection era, the power IoT plays an increasingly important role in it. At the same time of the rapid development of power IoT, the power information network responsible for carrying data flow and information flow is at risk of intrusion, and the anomaly detection of network traffic will become an important means to solve this problem. The article proposes a network intrusion detection model based on deep nonsymmetric sparse autoencoder (DNSAE) and improved quantum particle swarm-support vector machine (IQPSO-SVM) to achieve faster and more efficient identification while ensuring accuracy. Firstly, DNSAE is used to extract features from network traffic data, and then these abstracted feature data are used as input for IQPSO-SVM training. The experimental results show that this model has higher detection efficiency than DBN and S-NDAE.
Soil loss estimation on a local scale for soil conservation planning

A soil loss estimation of crop fields on a local scale was carried out using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The study site covering 3,009 ha in Kanto, Japan, comprised 11,544 crop fields. The USLE provided an estimate of average annual soil loss based on the following factors: rainfall and runoff (R); soil erodibility (K); topography (LS); crop and management (C); and support practice (P). The dataset of the factors for each field was derived from available land information and field surveys. The K factor was estimated from the sediment yield in the small catchment area. The slope length and steepness of each field, required to compute the LS factor, were derived from field boundary information and a digital elevation model (DEM) constructed using GIS tools. The estimated soil loss rate under the current cropping conditions was found to range from 0.2 to 70.6 t ha - 1 y - 1 , averaging 10.5 t ha - 1 y - 1 . A distribution map of the rate indicated the fields where conservation measures should be taken. The study suggested that combining the USLE with GIS tools was likely to be useful for estimating soil loss on a local scale for soil conservation planning.
Mitochondrial genomes advance phylogenetic hypotheses for Tylenchina (Nematoda: Chromadorea)

Within the nematode class Chromadorea, the suborder Tylenchina is an ecologically and morphologically diverse assemblage of nematodes that includes free‐living microbivores, fungivores and various types of plant parasites. A recent nematode classification system based largely on SSU rDNA phylogenetic trees classified suborder Tylenchina to include four infraorders: Panagrolaimomorpha, Cephalobomorpha, Tylenchomorpha and Drilonematomorpha, and phylogenetic relationships among species of these infraorders have not always been robustly supported. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three Tylenchina species (Aphelenchus avenae [Aphelenchidae, Tylenchomorpha], Halicephalobus gingivalis, Panagrellus redivivus [Panagrolaimomorpha]) and the partial genome sequence of Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobomorpha) and used these sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships among representatives of the Tylenchina and other nematodes. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences for 12 protein‐coding genes of 100 nematode species supports monophyly of: Chromadorea, Spiruromorpha, Oxyuridomorpha, Ascarididae + Toxocaridae + Anisakidae, Meloidogynidae + Pratylenchidae + Heteroderidae and Aphelenchoidea. Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood analyses also show the nested position of Diplogasteromorpha within Rhabditomorpha, and Rhigonematomorpha within Ascaridomorpha. These analyses also show non‐monophyly of: clade III, Ancylostomatidae, Panagrolaimomorpha, Tylenchina and Tylenchomorpha. Reconstructed mitochondrial genome phylogeny also revealed that among two main Tylenchomorpha groups, the monophyletic group representing Aphelenchoidea species was sister to the large clade consisting of Ascaridomorpha, Diplogasteromorpha, Rhabditomorpha and Rhigonematomorpha and some Panagrolaimomorpha species, whereas Tylenchoidea species were sister to the most inclusive assemblage containing all infraordinal groups of Chromadorea, except for P. redivivus (Panagrolaimomorpha) and Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobomorpha). The monophyly of Aphelenchoidea (i.e. sister relationship between Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae) recovered in this study indicates that similarity in certain aspects of pharyngeal structure between these two families appears best explained by common ancestry, rather than convergent evolution.
Population Differentiation in Locomotor Performance and the Potential Response of a Terrestrial Organism to Global Environmental Change

SYNOPSIS. Models of global climate change predict an increase in the mean surface temperature between 1.5° and 4.5°C by the middle of the next century. Even a moderate increase of 3°C is likely to result in a shift in the distribution of North American habitat types and vegetational associations, either in latitude or elevation or both. The challenge to Conservation Biology is to predict the responses of terrestrial organisms to the expected alteration in habitats and ecosystems. Recent biophysical models have been expanded to demonstrate the intimate associations between the thermal environment, organismal physiology and ecology. Thus, the expected turnover in habitats may have a profound influence on the distribution of organisms. I describe one possible approach that couples temporal and spatial variation in an ecologically relevant physiological trait, locomotory performance, in a widespread species of lizard, Urosaurus ornatus , to predict the expected response of species to global change. Estimates of maximum velocity and endurance capacity were obtained from 16 populations throughout the range of U. ornatus . Information on spatial variation was supplemented with data on temporal variation spanning an eight year period from a single reference population. I used thesedata to address two questions: 1) is there an association between locomotory performance and the expected habitat changes predicted from global climate models and 2) is there sufficient variation within a population to respond to habitat modification. Populations of U. ornatus varied significantly in sprint speed and stamina. Several environmental factors expected to correlate with global climatechange were evaluated using the patterns of variation in locomotor performance. Results from this study suggest that high elevation populations found in ponderosa pine forests should be most susceptible to changes in climate. Within-population variation was found to span the range of variation seen among populations and was sensitive to temporal variation in climatic conditions. Given the expected and rapid change in environments, small, ectothermic, terrestrial species may not have the ability to modify their geographic distribution. However, the results presented here suggest that only certain populations are at risk; yet the evolutionary response of the population may be long relative to the rate of environment change.
Big Five Personality Estimation from Handwritten Documents

A person’s handwriting is a recognizable trait that contributes to defining their identity. A person’s handwriting may reveal a lot about their personality. To determine a person’s personality based on their handwriting, extensive research has been done in this area. The personality traits that may be used to assess someone’s personality are discussed in this article. A dataset that indicates a relationship between personality characteristics is provided in the paper. Handwritten samples for personality are used to map the Big Five Personality Traits. It was advised to use a comparison table to identify certain personality traits. The research that has been done in this field is included in the article, along with its present state of development and evaluation. Writing by hand is a form of expression and communication.
A Review On Deep Learning Techniques For Image Forgery Detection

The images are very popular medium now days for communication either in social media or by e-communication. It is very important that image circulated for communication must be original and authentic, so detection of forged images is significance. Images are forged mainly due to the various technological, moral, and judicial connotations associated with advance image editing software, it becomes very difficult to differentiate between original image and tampered image. Traditional methods for image forgery detection mostly use handcrafted features. The problem with the traditional approaches of detection of image tampering is that most of the methods can identify a specific type of tampering by identifying a certain feature in image. Nowadays, deep learning techniques are being used for image tampering detection. These methods reported better performance than traditional methods because of their capability of extracting complex features from image. In this paper, we present a detailed survey of deep learning-based techniques for image forgery detection, outcomes of survey in form of analysis and findings, and details of publicly available image forgery datasets.
Three synonymous genes encode calmodulin in a reptile, the Japanese tortoise, Clemmys japonica

Three distinct calmodulin (CaM)-encoding cDNAs were isolated from a reptile, the Japanese tortoise (Clemmys japonica), based on degenerative primer PCR. Because of synonymous codon usages, the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were exactly the same in all three genes and identical to the aa sequence of vertebrate CaM. The three cDNAs, referred to as CaM-A, -B, and -C, seemed to belong to the same type as CaMI, CaMII, and CaMIII, respectively, based on their sequence identity with those of the mammalian cDNAs and the glutamate codon biases. Northern blot analysis detected CaM-A and -B as bands corresponding to 1.8 kb, with the most abundant levels in the brain and testis, while CaM-C was detected most abundantly in the brain as bands of 1.4 and 2.0 kb. Our results indicate that, in the tortoise, CaM protein is encoded by at least three non-allelic genes, and that the multigene-one protein' principle of CaM synthesis is applicable to all classes of vertebrates, from fishes to mammals.
Genome size evolution in Sapindaceae at subfamily level: a case study of independence in relation to karyological and palynological traits

Sapindaceae s.l. is a moderately large family of trees, shrubs and lianas. Current knowledge on genome size and how it varies in this family is scarce. This research aims to characterize the DNA content in 39 species of Sapindaceae, mainly in tribe Paullinieae s.s. , by the analysis of the variation in genome size relative to karyotypic and palynological features. Nuclear DNA amount was measured by flow cytometry, and linear regression analyses were conducted to analyse the relationship between genome size variation and various karyotypic and palynological features. Genome size varied nine-fold among species, ranging from 1C = 0.305 pg (Lophostigma plumosum) to 2.710 pg (Cardiospermum heringeri). The low regression coefficients obtained suggest that genome size mainly varies independently of karyotypic and palynological features. With regard to karyotype evolution, the constant chromosome number but variable genome size in Houssayanthus, Paullinia and Serjania suggest that structural changes mainly caused by changes in the amounts of repetitive DNA are more important than numerical change. In contrast, in Cardiospermum and Urvillea, variation in chromosome number and genome size supports the suggestion that numerical and structural changes are important in the karyotype evolution of these genera. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174, 589–600.
Two New Species of Centrohelid Heliozoans: Acanthocystis costata sp. nov. and Choanocystis symna sp. nov.

Two new species of centrohelid heliozoans Acanthocystis costata and Choanocystis symna from a freshwater lake on Valamo Island and a freshwater pool in St. Petersburg (North-Western Russia) were studied with light and electron microscopy. Sequences of 18S rDNA were obtained for both species. Choanocystis symna has dumbbell-shaped plate scales (4.4-5.0 × 1.62-1.90 µm) and spine scales (3.9-6.7 µm) bearing from 3 to 5 (usually four) short teeth on the distal end. Acanthocystis costata has oval plate scales (1.3-3.7 × 0.9-1.9 µm), bearing numerous granules as well as radial slits and spine scales (2.1-9.5 µm) with 4-6 teeth on the distal end. Acanthocystis costata and Acanthocystis nichollsi are similar in having slit-bearing plate scales and group together on the 18S rDNA tree. The presence of large particles of unknown nature was observed in food vacuoles of Acanthocystis costata.
Trends Expected in Stressed Ecosystems

The term stress has been widely used for both cause and effect, stimulus and response, or input and output. Although some authors worry about this dual use of the word, I view stress as a syndrome comprising both input and output. One cannot have a response without a stimulus. One can easily identify which part of the syndrome is being singled out by using modifying adjectives, prefixes, or clauses; thus, stress as an input can be designated the stressor as contrasted to stress, the response, or output. (In referring to stress as a syndrome, I do not mean to imply a strict analogy with Selye's [19731 "general stress syndrome," although as recently noted by Rapport et al. 1985, there are interesting parallels between the physiological and community levels.) I believe that common words in everyday language, such as stress, competition, or community should not be given highly technical meanings, since this only serves to confuse the general reader; as already indicated, modifiers can restrict meanings. But we must recognize that these common terms have different meanings, and often different manifestations at different levels of organization. Allen (1984), in discussing hierarchical organization, pointed out that a disturbance detrimental at one level may be beneficial at a higher level. For example, periodic fire in the fire-adapted chaparral is a stress to many organisms
Oral Monokinetids in the Free‐Living Haptorid Ciliate Enchelydium polynucleatum (Ciliophora, Enchelyidae): Ultrastructural Evidence and Phylogenetic Implications1

Special ultrastructural characteristics of the haptorid soil ciliate Enchelydium polynucleatum Foissner, 1984 are the restriction of the parasomal sacs to the area of the “brush” and finger-like projections of the food vacuole membrane into the lumen of the vacuole. The general organization of the infraciliature is similar to that of Spathidium and some buetschliids because the anterior ends of the somatic kineties are condensed and obliquely bent. Enchelydium is similar to haptorids and buetschliids in possessing monokinetid somatic fibrillar structures with the classical fibrillar associates: 1) a short kinetodesmal fiber; 2) two transverse microtubular ribbons; 3) a long postciliary microtubular ribbon; and 4) a system of overlapping subkinetal microtubules, which seems to be absent in the buetschliids. Unlike Spathidium and all other haptorids so far investigated ultrastructurally, serial sections show that there are no oral dikinetids, as in the endocommensal buetschliids and balantidiids. Instead, three to six anterior kinetids in each ciliary row have nematodesmal bundles extending into the cytoplasm and surrounding the cytopharynx. These kinetids lack cilia and all fibrillar associates except enlarged transverse ribbons, which extend anteriorly and inwards to support the cytopharynx. Other similarities between the buetschliids and Enchelydium are the conspicuous rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant sausage-like vesicles in the oral region. As in other haptorids, Enchelydium has two types of toxicysts and one type of mucocyst. These observations strongly suggest that Enchelydium belongs to the ancestral stock of both the Haptorida and the Archistomatida. The similarities in the somatic and oral infraciliature and ultrastructure of the Haptorida and the Archistomatida suggest that they belong to the same subclass, Haptoria Corliss, 1974.
Allelopathic and Autotoxic Effects of Alfalfa Plant and Soil Extracts

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants have been reported to be autotoxic as well as allelopathic. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments through petri-dish and pot test were conducted to determine autotoxic effects of alfalfa leaf and soil extracts on the germination or early seedling growth of alfalfa, and to evaluate allelopathic effects of alfalfa leaf residues on alfalfa, barnyard grass, corn, eclipta and soybean. Alfalfa seed germination was delayed depending on aqueous extract concentration, with no difference in final germination after 48 hours. Alfalfa root length was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemicals from leaf extracts than was germination or shoot length. Root growth of alfalfa was significantly inhibited at extract concentration of more than 1 g dry tissue/L (g L? ¹). Hypocotyl growth, however, was not affected by all the concentrations of leaf extracts. Soil extracts from 4-yr-old alfalfa stand significantly reduced alfalfa root length by 66%, while soil extracts from 0,1, and 3 yr-old stand stimulated root length up to 14-32% over the control. Residue incorporation with dry matters of alfalfa leaf at 100 g kg? ¹ reduced seedling length of several crop and weed species, ranging from 53 to 87% inhibition. Addition of nutrient solution into alfalfa leaf extracts alleviated alfalfa autotoxic effect. This result indicates alfalfa leaf and soil extracts or residues could exert autotoxic as well as allelo-pathic substances into soil environments during and after establishment.
Salinity Effects on Vegetative Growth, Seed Yield, and Fatty Acid Composition of Crambe

Agronomic development and crop diversification may promote an increased acreage of crambe in the USA. (.) Five cultivars and three germplasm releases were grown with four salinity treatments imposed on a Pachappa fine sandy loam soil. Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters, containing NaCl and CaCl 2 , were 0.9, 3.7, 5.4, and 7.9 dS m -1 (.)
RFLP analysis allows for the identification of alfalfa ecotypes.

Three seed lots, obtained from different 'foundation farms', for each of the alfalfa, Medicdgo saliva L. , ecotypes 'Vogherese' and 'Maremmana', together with the variety 'Iside' as a control, were studied to test the possibility of distinguishing them through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Twenty plants per seed lot were analysed with 25 DNA probes that yielded 155 informative polymorphic fragments. Variance partitioning showed that within-population variability accounted for nearly 98% of the total variance, while a small but significant contribution to the total variance was due to among-lot variability. 'Vogherese' was more homogeneous than 'Maremmana', as a consequence of the greater environmental homogeneity of the adaptation area of the former ecotype compared with the latter. Bulk analysis yielded eight variety-specific bands, 12 bands present in both ecotypes and absent in the variety and one band specific of 'Maremmana'. Results are discussed in relation to the practical use of molecular markers for alfalfa ecotype identification.