Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect on earthworm abundance and selected soil properties after 14 years of solid cattle manure and NPKMg fertilizer application

Long-term manure application could increase soil earthworm abundance in cultivated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 14 yr (1977–1991) of manure and NPKMg fertilizer on earthworm populations, soil structural stability, N mineralization (NO3) and biological activity (CO2) on a Le Bras clay loam (Humic Gleysol) situated at St-Lambert, Quebec. The field experiment, in a split-plot design, consisted of two manure rates (0 Mg, 20 Mg ha−1) as principal treatments with secondary treatments receiving mineral fertilizer (NPKMg) and a control. These treatments were carried out over a 4-yr crop rotation of silage corn, (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and canola (Brassica campestris L.). Soil and earthworm sampling was done in fall 1991 under corn. Compared to mineral fertilizer treatment, long-term application of manure increased earthworm populations. However the interaction between the treatments of mineral fertilizer and of manure was not sig.
Enzymatic catalysis as a versatile tool for the synthesis of multifunctional, bio-based oligoester resins

The use of enzymes as selective catalysts for processing renewable monomers into added value polymers and materials has received increased attention during the last decade. In the present work Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) was used as catalyst in one-pot routes to synthesise multifunctional oligoester resins based on an epoxy-functional ω-hydroxy-fatty acid (EFA) extracted from birch bark. The chemoselective enzymatic process resulted in three different EFA-based telechelic oligomers with targeted molecular weights; containing maleimide, methacrylate or oxetane as end-groups, respectively. The enzyme catalysed synthesis of the maleimide and the oxetane telechelic oligomers reached full conversion of monomers (>95%) after 2 h. In the case of methacrylate functional oligomer the EFA monomer reached full conversion (>98%) after 2 h but the integration of the methacrylate moiety took more than 10 h. This was due to a rate limiting reaction path using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as substrate. The oligomer products were characterised by NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and SEC.
Aromatic Plants of Yugoslavia. I. Chemical Composition of Oils of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. pannonica (Scheele) Hayak, A. crithmifolia W. et K., A. serbica Nym. and A. tanacetifolia All.

Abstract We used GC/MS to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils of wild Achillea plants native to Yugoslavia: Achillea millefolium L. ssp. pannonica (Scheele) Hayak, A. crithmifolia W. et K. , A. serbica Nym. and A. tanacetifolia All. Seventy-four components were identified. All four oils contained camphor (4–16%), 1,8-cineole (6–23%) and borneol (4–16%). In addition, artemisia ketone (4%) was found in A. crithmifolia, α-thujone (4.5%) in Achillea millefolium, yomogi alcohol and 2-pyrolidone were specific to A. serbica, and A, crithmifolia contained cis-chrysanthenol (1.4%) and large amounts of the corresponding acetate (23.4%).
The physical toxicity of chemicals. III. A systematic treatment of physical toxicity in aqueous solutions

(1) The factors influencing the toxicity of a physically-toxic organic compound in different biological tests are discussed. (2) Toxic concentrations in aqueous solutions for 26 sets of biological experiments have been collected from the literature, arranged under the names of the 269 compounds listed in alphabetical order, and compared with the toxic concentrations calculated by means of the equation previously given (see Part 11).
The Symbiotic Performance and Plant Nutrient Uptake of Certain Nationally Registered Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Cultivars of Turkey

An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to test the symbiotic performance and plant nutrient uptake of the twelve nationally registered chickpea cultivars (‘Çakır’, ‘Işık-05’, ‘Canıtez-87’, ‘Hisar’, ‘Yaşa-05’, ‘Azkan’, ‘Küsmen-99’, ‘Gökçe’, ‘Damla-89’, ‘Diyar-95’, ‘Aziziye-94’, and ‘İzmir-92’) in Turkey. Inoculation with Mesorhizobium ciceri increased the average nodule number by 687%, nodule weight by 257%, plant height by 6%, shoot dry weight by 12%, root dry weight by 21%, chlorophyll content by 4.2%, nitogen (N)% by 7.9%, and total N by 22.7%. Averaged across chickpea cultivars, inoculation also significantly increased sulfur (S) by 14.4%, phosphorus (P) by 1.9%, magnesium (Mg) by 13.8%, potassium (K) by 6.2%, calcium (Ca) by 17.4%, copper (Cu) by 4.5%, iron (Fe) by 16.5%, manganese (Mn) by 10.9% and zinc (Zn) uptake by 9.4%. The macro- and micronutrient uptake of cultivars significantly correlated with their nitrogen content and the magnitude of response to inoculation in relation to nodulation, plant growth, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient uptake significantly varied among cultivars. Based on the amount of fixed N and plant nutrient uptake, ‘Azkan’, ‘Aziziye-94’, ‘Küsmen-99’, ‘Diyar-95’, and ‘Hisar’ were the genotypes with the most positive response to inoculation. Our data showed that nodulation, nitrogen fixation, plant dry matter production, and macro- and micronutrient uptake of the inoculated chickpea can be improved by selecting the best compatible cultivar.
Interplay of Phospholipase A2 with S-Layer-Supported Lipid Monolayers

The present study reports on the enzymatic interplay of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on a monolayer composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) in the absence and presence of a recrystallized monomolecular layer of the bacterial cell surface (S-layer) protein SbpA. The PLA2-induced hydrolysis of plain and SbpA-supported DMPE monolayers was monitored by the decay of the surface pressure Π. The same duration of the lag period was observed with SbpA-supported and the corresponding plain DMPE monolayer. The results indicate that the isoporous S-layer protein lattice represents no barrier for the PLA2 diffusing from the bulk to the monolayer surface. This supposition was also confirmed by size exclusion experiments. Most important, the recrystallization of SbpA does not induce defects in the DMPE monolayer from which the PLA2 can benefit. With an S-layer-supported DMPE monolayer, a drop in Π was also observed, but since there are two contributions to Π (SbpA and DMPE monolayer), this p.
Mixing and Crystallization Kinetics in Gas‐liquid Reactive Crystallization

A study of gas-liquid reactive crystallization for CO 2 -BaCl 2 -H 2 O system was performed in a continuous flow crystallizer. The influences of mixing on the crystallization kinetics of barium carbonate crystals were investigated. The mixing parameters are stirrer speed, feed concentration, gas-flow rate, pH of solution, addition rate of NaOH solution, and mean residence time. Under pH-stat operation, the crystallization mechanism can be assessed by the addition rate of NaOH solution, which acts as an indicator for the absorption rate of carbon dioxide. Assuming a size-independent agglomeration mechanism, the nucleation rate, growth rate and agglomeration kernel can be obtained, simultaneously, at steady state, by the method of moments. Evidence shows that feed concentration, feed rate, gas-flow rate, and stirrer speed have a significant influence on the nucleation rates and mean particle sizes. This shows the effect of micromixing. The crystallization mechanism tends to be reaction limited when the feed concentration of barium chloride solution is higher than 5 mM, while at lower stirrer speeds and feed concentrations, the mechanism tends to be both mixing and reaction controlled. The growth rate depends on the mean supersaturation value and the pH of the solution and the mass-transfer resistance cannot be completely eliminated in this work. For a monodispersal collision model, in the viscous sub-range of turbulence, the agglomeration kernel can be expressed as β d 3 e -1/4 , showing a low efficiency of collision. The result is also demonstrated by the agglomeration kernel expression. Comparison with a liquid-liquid-mixing reactive crystallization system is also discussed.
Thermodynamic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of terpenes from cold-pressed orange oil

Extraction of terpene hydrocarbons was studied using a dynamic flow system. Phase equilibrium data are presented for temperatures from 40 to 70°C and pressures from 8.3 to 12.4 MPa. The data have been correlated with a simple model using vapor fugacity coefficients from the group contribution of state and unsymmetric convention activity coefficients
Storage phenomena in relation to carbon sources for denitrification

This study presents the effect of substrate composition on the observed respirometric responses in denitrification process. For this purpose different mixtures of organic substrates have been investigated for both enrichment of different cultures and respirometric batch tests. The results of the study provide examples and data on the experimental assessment of storage yield for different substrates and heterotrophic growth yield based on NUR tests. In the tests conducted with biomass acclimatized to a 4-compound substrate mixture of acetate, propionate, ethanol and glucose, the observed anoxic storage yields were assessed as 0.70 gCOD(gCOD)-1 when fed with the same mixture and 0.71 gCOD(gCOD)-1 when fed only with acetate and propionate. However, for the culture enriched with a 2-compound mixture of acetate–propionate, the observed storage yields were estimated as 0.61 gCOD(gCOD)-1 when fed with the 4-compound mixture and 0.71 gCOD(gCOD)-1 when fed with acetate and propionate. This result has been evaluate.
Smart inorganic/organic hybrid microgels: Synthesis and characterisation

Responsive hybrid colloids containing both organic and inorganic components have been the subject of many investigations in recent years. These new materials combine the stimuli-responsiveness of some polymer-based colloids with the unique properties of inorganic nanoparticles. This article will review the different possible variations of such hybrid colloids. Moreover, synthetic approaches, methods of characterisation, and a few applications will be discussed. Due to the rather high number of recent publications dealing with hybrid materials based on a variety of polymers, we will mainly focus on responsive hybrid microgels made of poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) or poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) in aqueous media.
Effect of Zataria Multiflora Extract on Degradability Kinetics, of Sunflower Meal

The aim of the present study was conducted to survey effect of adding different levels (0, 0.15, 0.3 ml/30ml buffered rumen fluid) of Zataria multiflora water extract (ZMWE) on sunflower meal (SM) degradability were studied by in vitro gas producing techniques. Gas production test with mixtures of filtered rumen liquid of three Taleshi native male cattle rumen in times of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were performed. Chemical composition for dry matter, crude protein, and Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate 95.88, 30, and 12.73 percent, respectively. The results showed that gas volume at 24 h incubation (for 200 mg dry samples), were 42.40, 41.41 and 40.52 ml/200 mg DM for SM, levels 0.15 ZMWE and 0.3 ZMWE, respectively. the gas production from soluble fraction (a), the gas production from insoluble fraction (b), rate constant of gas production during incubation (c) and the potential gas production (a + b) contents of SM were 3.607 (ml/200 mg DM), 49.32 (ml/200 mg DM), 0.135 (ml/h) and 52.92 (ml/200 mg DM), while for level 0.3 ZMWE were 4.655 (ml/200mg DM), 48.66 (ml/200 mg DM), 0.134 (ml/h) and 53.321 (ml/200mg DM). (Mohammad Salamat Azar, Ramin Salamat Doust-Nobar, Yahya Asadi, Morteza Kiani Nahand, Saeid Najafyar, Bakhshali Khodaparast, Hamed Aminipur. Effect of Zataria Multiflora Extract on Degradability Kinetics, of Sunflower Meal. Journal of American Science 2011;7(7):119-122). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org .
CHARACTERIZATION OF TREATED INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE SURFACES USED IN ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES

The influence of oxidative and reductive treatments of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) on the performance of electroluminescent devices is presented. The improvement in device performance is correlated with the surface chemical composition and work function. The work function is shown to be largely determined by the surface oxygen concentration. Oxygen-glow discharge or ultraviolet–ozone treatments increase the surface oxygen concentration and work function in a strongly correlated manner. High temperature, vacuum annealing reduces both the surface oxygen and work function. With oxidation the occupied, density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level is also greatly reduced. This process is reversible by vacuum annealing and it appears that the oxygen concentration, work function, and DOS can be cycled by repeated oxygen treatments and annealing. These observations are interpreted in terms of the well-known, bulk properties of ITO.
THE INFLUENCE OF WALL CONDITIONING PROCEDURES ON OUTGASSING RATE OF STAINLESS-STEEL IN THE "URAGAN-2M" TORSATRON

Using the thermal desorption method the investigations were carried out of stainless steel probe outgassing rate in a vacuum and estimation of the number of monolayers on its surface in the Uragan-2M torsatron in situ. The decrease of surface impurity by more than one order of magnitude was measured at the vacuum improvement from 1.6·10 -6 Torr up to 6.5·10 -7 Torr after pumping and RF discharge cleaning. Mass-spectrometric measurements has shown H2O (18 m/e), Co2 (44 m/e) and 28 m/e (CO+N2), as the main gases desorbed from probe surface during its heating. Heavy hydrocarbon masses (58 m/e) were also registered. Some practical conclusions were made for the U-2M wall conditioning procedure improvement. PACS: 52.40. Hf
Characterization of a Newly Developed Aircraft-Based Laser Ablation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (ALABAMA) and First Field Deployment in Urban Pollution Plumes over Paris During MEGAPOLI 2009

We present here the development and first field deployment of a novel Aircraft-based Laser ABlation Aerosol MAss spectrometer (ALABAMA), which is capable of measuring the chemical composition and size of individual ambient aerosol particles in the size range between 150 and 900 nm. The instrument uses a continuous wave 532 nm laser to size and detect the particles, a pulsed 266 nm laser to ablate and ionize the particles, and a bipolar, Z-shaped time-of-flight mass spectrometer to detect positive and negative ions. The ALABAMA fits into a 19”-aircraft rack of 150 cm height and has a total weight of 140 kg, thus currently being one of the smallest and lightest-weight instruments of its type. We present a detailed characterization of ALABAMA with respect to particle beam width, detection and ablation efficiency, and example mass spectra of different particle types. The first aircraft-based field mission was performed within the MEGAPOLI summer campaign in July 2009 around Paris, France, onboard an ATR42 aircraft. During 11 research flights, corresponding to a total measuring time of approximately 44 hours, ALABAMA measured 6502 single particle mass spectra. The mass spectra were classified into eight particle classes using distinctive markers for each particle type. The most abundant particle types contained organic and secondary inorganic compounds. The results further show that differences in the abundance of observed particle types between different air masses are very pronounced when comparing air masses arriving from the greater Paris area with air masses arriving from other directions.
Exogenous Nitric Oxide Effects on Physiological Characteristics of a Peanut Cultivar Growing on Calcareous Soil

This study examined the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on physiological characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into slow-release fertilizer (SRF) or sprayed on leaves to supply NO for iron-deficient peanut. The results showed that root application of SNP at 5.63 mg/g and foliar spray of SNP at 1.0 mmol L−1 significantly enhanced the peanut growth, pod yield, and quality. The soil pH was reduced, and available iron content and iron (Fe3+) reductase activity in root were increased, indicating NO application improved the availability of iron in the soil. Additionally, NO increased the chlorophyll and active iron content in young leaves, implying NO enhanced the availability of iron within the plant. Nitric oxide also inhibited the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in leaves and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which protected peanut against iron-deficiency-induced oxidative stress. It was concluded that NO might be employed for ameliorating iron-deficient chlorosis of peanut on calcareous soil when added into SRF or sprayed on leaves.
Virus Concentration by Ultrafiltration

A capillary membrane ultrafiltration unit was used for the concentration of poliovirus I from a volume of 100-l tap water. Backwashing the unit with either high pH glycine buffer or beef extract resulted in an average virus recovery of about 67%. In several cases where ultrafiltration and organic flocculation methods were combined and initial virus input was relatively low (between 39 pfu/100 l and 200 pfu/100 l of water), average virus recovery of about 80% was obtained. Average filtration time was 86 min. for all experiments.
Trace Fe3+ mediated synthesis of LiFePO4 micro/nanostructures towards improved electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

Various LiFePO4 micro/nanostructures have been solvothermally synthesized using FeSO4 and ethylene glycol (EG) as the reactant and reaction medium, respectively. The LiFePO4 micro/nanostructures including nanoflakes, stacked microsheets, micro-dumbbells and micro-spindles have been selectively fabricated and tuned via adjusting trace Fe3+ obtained from oxidation of the reactant. The content of mediated-Fe3+ in the EG system plays an important role in the formation of the micro/nanostructures as well as the change in the pH value. In this work, the content of mediated-Fe3+ in the precursor solution as a problem worthy of attention was put forward and the evolution process of the LiFePO4 micro/nanostructures has been extensively studied. Among these micro/nanostructures of LiFePO4, the LiFePO4 micro-dumbbells as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries showed the most excellent electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 117 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 10C (1C = 169 mA h g−1), which demonstrates that the exposed crystal plane and morphology of LiFePO4 play critical roles in the electrochemical performance. This work not only provides deeper knowledge into the formation mechanism of LiFePO4 microstructures, but also paves a facile way to prepare scalable LiFePO4 with a high rate performance and high tap density.
Ab initio investigations on planar (MgO)n clusters (n = 1–5) and their hydrogen adsorption behaviour

Ab initio calculations (B3LYP and PBE-D3) of the structures, stabilities, vibrational, electronic and hydrogen adsorption behaviour of (MgO)n clusters are performed using 6-311+ + G(d,p) basis set. The planar (MgO)n clusters are found to be global minima for n ≤ 3 and local minima for n = 4 and 5. In addition, we have also analysed global minimum structures of (MgO)4 and (MgO)5. The binding energies suggest that their stabilities increase successively. Vibrational frequencies and IR intensities further support the enhanced stability with an increase in the size of (MgO)n clusters. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) surfaces are used to explain and discuss the electronic properties. Finally, we have demonstrated hydrogen storage capacity of (MgO)n clusters, considering hydrogen adsorption on planar as well as global minimum (MgO)4 and (MgO)5 clusters. We have noticed that four and five H2 molecules can be easily adsorbed by (MgO)4 and (MgO)5 clusters having adsorption energy of 0.13–0.14 eV with mass ratio of 4.76%. Thus, the present study is expected to motivate further the applications of small clusters for efficient hydrogen energy storage.
Antioxidative Principals of Extracts from the Fruit of Viburnum awabuki

The fruit of Viburnum awabuki is an elliptical berry.The crude extract and its four fractions derived from the peel of the fruit Viburnum awabuki were evaluated for the DPPH radical scavenging ability(DRSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity(HRSA) and reducing power(RP), and the content of some antioxidative compounds and the relationships between these antioxidative compounds and antioxidant activities of the crude extract (CE) and its four fractions were investigated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction (EAF) was the richest fraction in total flavonoids, ascorbic acid content (45.34 and 8.92 mg/g, respectively). The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed good DPPH radical-scavenging activity and reducing power, while the crude extract (CE) possessed better hydroxyl radical-scavenging than other fractions. There were statistically significant correlations between some antioxidants and antioxidant activities.
Evaluating the feasibility of adding value to goat's milk by producing yoghurt using low cost technology method for rural Namibia

Physico-chemical , bacteriological, nutritional and sensory characteristics of goat's and cow's milk and corresponding low cost processed yoghurt samples were assessed for the purpose of feeding children of weaning age and for income generation by the rural poor. Goat milk sample was rated superior in terms of nutritional quality with reference to calcium, magnesium. Potassium, chloride and vitamins A, D, thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, B6 and B12. It was also superior in some essential amino acids such as histidine, methionine, phenylalanine and threonine. Total solids, protein, ash, specific gravity and calorific value were higher for goat milk, which was however lower in sodium, citrates and vitamin C. Both goat milk and cow milk had practically similar contents of zinc, iron, phosphorous and linolenic acid. Goat milk was lower in some essential amino acids namely isoleucine, tryptophan and valine including essential fatty acids a-linoleic aicd. The higher dry matter content of goat milk was reflected in higher viscosity and superior texture of its yoghurt samples. Although goat milk yoghurt was preferred over cow milk yoghurt, in appearance and palatability, the differences were small. Similarly, although cow milk yoghurt had better smell and taste, the differences were also small. The study indicated that it is possible to process good quality yoghurt from goat milk using low cost technology The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 5 Number 4 (October - December 2000), pp. 139-144
Optical Properties of Mono-Dispersed AlGaN Nanowires in the Single-Prong Growth Mechanism

Growth of mono-dispersed AlGaN nanowires of ternary wurtzite phase is reported using chemical vapour deposition technique in the vapour-liquid-solid process. The role of distribution of Au catalyst nanoparticles on the size and the shape of AlGaN nanowires are discussed. These variations in the morphology of the nanowires are understood invoking Ostwald ripening of Au catalyst nanoparticles at high temperature followed by the effect of single and multi-prong growth mechanism. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy is used as an evidence for the presence of Al in the as-prepared samples. A significant blue shift of the band gap, in the absence of quantum confinement effect in the nanowires with diameter about 100 nm, is used as a supportive evidence for the AlGaN alloy formation. Polarized resonance Raman spectroscopy with strong electron-phonon coupling along with optical confinement due to the dielectric contrast of nanowire with respect to that of surrounding media are adopted to understand the crystalline orientation of a single nanowire in the sub-diffraction limit of about 100 nm using 325 nm wavelength, for the first time. The results are compared with the structural analysis using high resolution transmission microscopic study.