Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land Use Rights, Government Land Supply, and the Pattern of Redevelopment in Shanghai

This paper reviews the urban redevelopment activities in Shanghai as the land market reforms were introduced. We focus on the impact of land use institutions on the spatial pattern of these activities. Sites for private real estate redevelopment were supplied by individual districts in the city. But the need for districts to pay for the resettlement of displaced residents contributed to a spatial mismatch between the supply of redevelopment sites and the market demand for commercial real estate space. Resettlement costs are highest at the high demand locations. State owned enterprises and institutions occupying land allocated by the state also engaged in real estate development. Whereas the density of private redevelopment was sensitive to the volume of commercial activities in a district, this does not appear to have been important in determining the location of the significant increase in the stock of commercial space resulting from development by local enterprises and institutions. This growth shows considerable decentralization between 1993 and 1996,indicative of spatially inefficient redevelopment activities by land-rich state enterprises.
Does a set‐aside conservation strategy help the restoration of old‐growth forest attributes and recolonization by saproxylic beetles?

The decline of many saproxylic species results from the decrease in old‐growth structures in European harvested forests. Among conservation tools, protected reserves withdrawn from regular harvesting and extended rotations have been employed to restore old‐growth attributes in structurally simplified managed forests, even if the effects of such management actions on forest habitats and biodiversity remain largely unknown.
The influence of variable range of motion training on hormonal responses and muscle strength

Introduction: Traditional resistance training increases strength and power; however, exercises that use the entire range of motion (ROM) may not provide the optimal stimulus for enhancing sports performance. The purpose of this investigation was to compare partial ROM vs. full ROM lower-body resistance training on hormonal responses and muscle strength in young women. Material & Methods: Fourteen young women (age 26.9 ± 5.1 years, height 166.7 ± 5.1 cm, and body mass 62.5 ± 11.8 kg) voluntary to participate in this study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to 2 groups: (a) full ROM (FROM; n = 7) or (b) partial ROM (PROM; n = 7). The subjects in FROM group were introduced to perform hamstring with machine, squat, dead lift and leg press with 60 to 80 percent of one repetition maximum (1RM), 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The subjects in PROM group were introduced to perform that same training with first half ROM and second half ROM with 50 to 80 percent of 1RM, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Maximal strength was measured by 1RM before and after the intervention and growth hormone (GH), testosterone (Ts), cortisol (Cor) and testosterone to cortisol ratio (Ts/Cor ratio) were measured at baseline and immediately and 30 min after the last season of training. Results: The results indicated that muscle strength in each station were increased significantly after both of training methods (P<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between FROM and PROM methods. Repeated-measure analyses of variance revealed that GH and Ts levels had not significant changes after the FROM or PROM resistance training; however, Ts/Cor ratio was increased and Cor levels were decreased after both of training methods (P<0.05). For hormonal responses, no significant differences were observed between FROM or PROM resistance training. Conclusions: The results suggest that muscle strength and hormonal responses can be improved with both FROM and PROM resistance training and there is no significant difference between these methods.
Characterizing physical properties of gas-phase biofilter media

Gas-phase biofiltration is an effective technology for reduction of odors and trace-gas contaminants. Significant contributions to the technical literature regarding the characterization of biofilter media have been generated in the past two decades. Nevertheless, the information produced has not been systematically organized. The objective of this study is to demonstrate and document methods for physical characterization of gas-phase compost biofilters (GPCB). The inclusion of moisture content, compaction, and particle size effects in the determination of media bulk density and porosity, field capacity, drying rate analysis, water sorption isotherms, and resistance to airflow is demonstrated. Results indicated that: (1) higher moisture content led to about 2% reduction in porosity after compaction; (2) biofilter media sieved into three particle size ranges (12.5 mm > PSR1 > 8.0 mm > PSR2 > 4.75 mm > PSR3 > 1.35 mm) produced significantly different media field capacities, i.e., 52.8% (PSR1), 61.6% (PSR2), and 72.2% (PSR3) on a wet basis; (3) a drying rate analysis provides important information regarding media-water relations and can be potentially used for in situ indirect media moisture monitoring (as shown in previous work, changes in drying rate significantly affected ammonia removal and nitrous oxide generation); (4) the Henderson isotherm can be accurately used for dry organic media to determine the minimum moisture required for microbial activity; and finally (5) the combination of high airflow and high moisture content drastically increased pressure drop up to 65-fold (6350 Pa m-1) compared to the lowest pressure drop (98 Pa m-1). Further, the research community should integrate efforts to elaborate standard methods and protocols for physical characterization of gas-phase biofilter media before and during biofilter operation.
Synergistic effect of nanosilica aerogel with phosphorus flame retardants on improving flame retardancy and leaching resistance of wood

Nanosilica (Nano-SiO2) sol fabricated by a sol-gel process was introduced into wood modification with phosphorus flame retardants to improve the flame retardancy and leaching resistance of wood. The obtained materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetric (CONE), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The residual rate of flame retardants before and after leaching was determinated by a leaching resistance. The results showed that the phosphorus flame retardants and SiO2 sol could reside in the poplar wood and are widely distributed in the vessels, pits, wood timber, and the spaces between wood cells of poplar substrate. TGA and CONE results indicated that the introduction of nano-SiO2 aerogel with phosphorus flame retardants had a significantly synergistic effect on improving the flame retardancy and inhibiting the release of smoke and toxic gases. In addition, the leaching resistance test, combined with infrared analysis and EDS analysis, confirmed that the phosphorus flame retardants were able to be fixed by SiO2 aerogel in the wood.
A stochastic projection method for fluid flow II.: random process

An uncertainty quantification scheme is developed for the simulation of stochastic thermofluid processes. The scheme relies on spectral representation of uncertainty using the polynomial chaos (PC) system. The solver combines a Galerkin procedure for the determination of PC coefficients with a projection method for efficiently simulating the resulting system of coupled transport equations. Implementation of the numerical scheme is illustrated through simulations of natural convection in a 2D square cavity with stochastic temperature distribution at the cold wall. The properties of the uncertainty representation scheme are analyzed, and the predictions are contrasted with results obtained using a Monte Carlo approach.
The Understanding and Emotion Caused by an Architect-Built Space Using Music

Music and architecture are two of the effective components of the lives of human beings which are especially important. However, the link between these two components and their impacts on the understanding of the audience are some of the issues which have not been focused on. This bond is caused by a mutual space. A space which can either be created by a work of architecture or a piece of music. Despite of the previous studies that focused on investigating the different aspects of these two forms of art that link them together, this paper aims to discover and understand the perceptual – emotional relationship between music and architecture further than the preliminary principles that link them. It also aims to find an answer to this question: how can a relationship be established between various linking aspects of these two arts that would be understandable for their audiences? The present study is an analytical – descriptive research that relies on library studies and uses a logical argument in order to analyze, interpret and compare the relationship between music and architecture and its impact on the understanding of the audience. Accordingly, after reviewing the research literature and stating the concept of space in architecture and music, the linking aspects of these two forms of art have been comparatively analyzed. According to the conclusion of results, by taking into consideration various frequencies and generation of a variety of geometrical orders in each frequency, the more intense music is the more complex its spatial impact will be on the feeling and understanding of the audience.
Segmentation of the labor market in Algeria and the determination of wages in agriculture, formal and informal sector

While anchored in the logic of empirical validation of the theory of segmented labor market, this study propose to go beyond the structure of the labor market based on the formal and informal divide, to the use of a structure based on Institutional Differentials associated with the hold job protection and Regardless formal or informal workplace. The approach in this context raises a quite relevant problematic in linking the issue of segmentation of labor market to that of validation of the theory of human capital. To do this, we used the data available from micro 'consumption and income "Among Households survey Conducted by the National Office for Statistics in 2000 (Algeria).
Surfactant-free puri fi cation of membrane protein complexes from bacteria : application to the staphylococcal penicillin-binding protein complex PBP 2 / PBP 2 a

Surfactant-mediated removal of proteins from biomembranes invariably results in partial or complete loss of function and disassembly of multi-protein complexes. We determined the capacity of styrene-co-maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer to remove components of the cell division machinery from the membrane of drug-resistant staphylococcal cells. SMA-lipid nanoparticles solubilized FtsZ-PBP2-PBP2a complexes from intact cells, demonstrating the close physical proximity of these proteins within the lipid bilayer. Exposure of bacteria to (-)-epicatechin gallate, a polyphenolic agent that abolishes β-lactam resistance in staphylococci, disrupted the association between PBP2 and PBP2a. Thus, SMA purification provides a means to remove native integral membrane protein assemblages with minimal physical disruption and shows promise as a tool for the interrogation of molecular aspects of bacterial membrane protein structure and function. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop. org/NANO/25/285101/mmedia
Physical fitness characteristics of a front-line firefighter population

Firefighters require a high level of physical fitness in order to meet the demands of their profession. While physical performance testing is required to join the department, firefighters are not subject to further formal exercise or performance testing throughout the duration of their careers. The purpose of the present study was to gather information regarding the physical fitness of front-line Canadian firefighters, to determine whether a testing battery predictive of both performance and future injury risk is viable, and to make recommendations regarding the format of fitness testing and training programs for front-line firefighters. Front-line, career firefighters were tested on a variety of physical fitness measures related to body composition, strength, power, and endurance over three testing sessions. Large ranges of data were found for many of the measures taken and tests performed. Body fat percentage had the most significant correlations with other performance tests while performance in the pushup test and vertical jump correlated strongly with many of the more sophisticated fitness tests. Some firefighters may not possess adequate fitness levels to optimally perform their job responsibilities. Simple field tests may form the basis of predictive testing batteries for both fitness and future injury risk, though further research is needed.
Social Marketing for Health: Theoretical and Conceptual Considerations

Marketing, besides education and enforcement, is a strategy to change behaviors. The most important question for commercial marketers is: “What can we do to persuade people to buy our products? ” They try to use commercial marketing principles such as exchange theory, consumer orientation, competition, audience segmentation, and marketing mix, to influence customers and sell their products and services. Health is consid - ered as an important market, and people have to pay tangible and intangible costs to buy health products, services, and behaviors. So, health professionals must know about mar- keting key concepts and designing programs to promote health products and changing health behavior. “Social marketing” is an approach to persuade people to accept ideas and attitudes, perform healthy behaviors, refer to health facilities, and receive health products. In this chapter, the theoretical considerations and practical steps for planning, implementing, and evaluating the interventions based on the social marketing approach will be discussed. At the end of the chapter, we will study four researches designed and implemented based on the social marketing model.
Implementation of hydrological processes and agricultural management options into the ATB-modeling database to improve the water productivity at farm scale.

To meet the food demands of a growing world population, the productivity of agricultural water use for food production at farm scale, must be increased. A modeling database has been developed to quantify water use, i.e. the use of precipitation, soil water and irrigation water at the farm scale, and to calculate water-use indicators based on farm operating data. These indicators can be used to assess agronomic measures for their merit in improving the productive use of water in different agricultural operation systems. The benefit of the ATB Modeling Database lies within its speed and inherent flexibility which allows further water- related indicators, management options and water-related processes in different regions and farm systems to be easily implemented. The description of the ATB Modeling Database demonstrates the development of a new solution to handle comprehensive farm and regional data, providing a tool to explore possibilities to enhance the productivity of water use in different farming systems.
Managing for Stakeholders, Stakeholder Utility Functions, and Competitive Advantage.

A firm that manages for stakeholders allocates more resources to satisfy the needs and demands of its legitimate stakeholders than would be necessary to simply retain their willful participation in the firm’s productive activities. We explain why this sort of behavior unlocks additional potential for value creation, as well as the conditions that either facilitate or disrupt the value-creation process. Firms that manage for stakeholders develop trusting relationships with them based on principles of distributional, procedural, and interactional justice. Under these conditions, stakeholders are more likely to share nuanced information regarding their utility functions, thereby increasing the ability of the firm to allocate its resources to areas that will best satisfy them (thus increasing demand for business transactions with the firm). In addition, this information can spur innovation, as well as allow the firm to deal better with changes in the environment. Competitive advantages stemming from a managing-for-stakeholders approach are argued to be sustainable because they are associated with path dependence and causal ambiguity. These explanations provide a strong rationale for including stakeholder theory in the discussion of firm competitiveness and performance.
Self-Similarity Based Corresponding-Point Extraction from Weakly Textured Stereo Pairs

For the areas of low textured in image pairs, there is nearly no point that can be detected by traditional methods. The information in these areas will not be extracted by classical interest-point detectors. In this paper, a novel weakly textured point detection method is presented. The points with weakly textured characteristic are detected by the symmetry concept. The proposed approach considers the gray variability of the weakly textured local regions. The detection mechanism can be separated into three steps: region-similarity computation, candidate point searching, and refinement of weakly textured point set. The mechanism of radius scale selection and texture strength conception are used in the second step and the third step, respectively. The matching algorithm based on sparse representation (SRM) is used for matching the detected points in different images. The results obtained on image sets with different objects show high robustness of the method to background and intraclass variations as well as to different photometric and geometric transformations; the points detected by this method are also the complement of points detected by classical detectors from the literature. And we also verify the efficacy of SRM by comparing with classical algorithms under the occlusion and corruption situations for matching the weakly textured points. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed weakly textured point detection algorithm.
Effect of anterior chamber depth on predictive accuracy of seven intraocular lens formulas in eyes with axial length less than 22 mm

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate whether different anterior chamber depth (ACD) affects the predictive accuracy of intraocular lens formulas in eyes with axial length (AL) less than 22 mm. Methods Eighty-five eyes of 85 patients with AL less than 22 mm were included in this retrospective study, which were divided into three groups: Group 1, ACD less than 2.4 mm; Group 2, ACD between 2.4 and 2.9 mm; and Group 3, ACD greater than 2.9 mm. Optical biometry with partial coherence interferometry was performed in all cases. The median absolute error (MedAE) was compared by Friedman’s test, using the optimized lens constant, among seven formulas (Barrett Universal II, Haigis, Hill-RBF, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and SRK/T) in each group. Results Friedman’s test showed no significant difference in MedAE among all formulas in Groups 1 and 3. However, as the Haigis formula had the highest MedAE and lowest percentage of eyes within ±0.25 Diopter, it is least preferred in Group 1. On the contrary, in Group 3 it fared the best, having the least MedAE and highest percentage of eyes within ±0.25 Diopter. In Group 2, Friedman’s test gave significant difference, and post-hoc analysis showed statistical superiority of Haigis over the Holladay 1 (p=0.02), Holladay 2 (p=0.01), Hill-RBF (p=0.04), and SRK/T (p=0.02) formulas. However, there was no statistical difference between the Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and Hoffer Q formulas. Conclusion Considering the ACD in eyes with AL less than 22 mm, Haigis is the preferred formula while SRK/T proved to be the worst formula in Groups 2 and 3.
Lumbar Intervertebral Spacer With Cement Augmentation of Endplates and Integrated Screws as a Fixation Device in an Osteoporotic Model: An In Vitro Kinematic and Load-to-Failure Study

ABSTRACT Background: Integrated lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) devices have been shown to successfully stabilize the spine and avoid complications related to posterior fixation. However, LLIF has increased subsidence risk in osteoporotic patients. Cement augmentation through cannulated pedicle screws enhances pedicle fixation and cage-endplate interface yet involves a posterior approach. Lateral application of cement with integrated LLIF fixation has been introduced and requires characterization. The present study set out to evaluate kinematic and load-to-failure properties of a novel cement augmentation technique with an integrated LLIF device, alone and with unilateral pedicle fixation, compared with bilateral pedicle screws and nonintegrated LLIF (BPS + S). Methods: Twelve specimens (L3–S1) underwent discectomy at L4–L5. Specimens were separated into 3 groups: (1) BPS + S; (2) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) augmentation, integrated LLIF, and unilateral pedicle screws (PMMA + UPS + iS); and (3) PMMA and integrated LLIF (PMMA + iSA) without posterior fixation. Flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were applied. A compressive load was applied to L4–L5 segments until failure. An analysis was performed (P < .05). Results: Operative constructs significantly reduced motion relative to intact specimens in all motion planes (P < .05). BPS + S provided the most stability, reducing motion by 71.6%–86.4%, followed by PMMA + UPS + iS (68.1%–79.4%) and PMMA + iSA (62.9%–81.9%); no significant differences were found (P > .05). PMMA + UPS + iS provided the greatest resistance to failure (2290 N), followed by PMMA + iSA (1970 N) and BPS + S (1390 N); no significant differences were observed (P > .05). Conclusions: Cement augmentation of vertebral endplates via the lateral approach with integrated LLIF moderately improved cage-endplate strength compared to BPS + S in an osteoporotic model; unilateral pedicle fixation further improved failure load. Reconstruction before and after application of unilateral pedicle screws and rods was biomechanically equivalent to anteroposterior reconstruction. Overall, initial results suggest that integrated LLIF with cement augmentation may be a viable alternative in the presence of osteoporosis.