Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Validation of an H5 TaqMan Real-Time One-Step Reverse Transcription-PCR and Conﬁrmatory Assays for Diagnosis and Veriﬁcation of Inﬂuenza A Virus H5 Infections in Humans (cid:1)

Increasing diversity among inﬂuenza H5N1 viruses has resulted in the need for sensitive and speciﬁc diagnostic assays, fully validated for the detection of H5 viruses belonging to all hemagglutinin (HA) clades, particularly the recently circulating H5N1 viruses of clade 2. In this report, the development and validation of a real-time, one-step TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay speciﬁc for the detection of inﬂuenza A H5 viruses from clades 1, 1 (cid:1) , 2, and 3 is described. The real-time assay for H5 virus was shown to be highly sensitive, detecting H5 virus levels of <1 PFU from each of the HA clades. Speciﬁcity of the H5 RT-PCR for inﬂuenza A H5 viruses was demonstrated by using inﬂuenza A viruses of different subtypes, clinical samples containing inﬂuenza A viruses H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1, inﬂuenza B viruses, and other respiratory viruses. The usefulness of the inclusion of a distinguishable assay positive control and of conﬁrmatory assays for the laboratory diagnosis and veriﬁcation of H5 virus infections was demonstrated. A real-time RT-PCR pyrose-
Nonlinear survival of imperiled ﬁ sh informs managed ﬂ ows in a highly modi ﬁ ed river

Water is a fundamental resource in freshwater ecosystems, and stream ﬂ ow plays a pivotal role in driving riverine ecology and biodiversity. Ecologically functional ﬂ ows, managed hydrographs that are meant to reproduce the primary components of the natural hydrograph, are touted as a potential way forward to restore ecological functions of highly modi ﬁ ed rivers, while also balancing human water needs. A major challenge in implementing functional ﬂ ows will be establishing the shape of the managed hydrograph so as to optimize improvements to the ecosystem given the limited resources. Identifying the shape of the ﬂ ow – biology relationship is thus critical for determining the environmental consequences of ﬂ ow regulation. In California ’ s Central Valley, studies have found that increased stream ﬂ ow can improve survival of imperiled juvenile salmon populations during their oceanward migration. These studies have not explored the potential nonlinearities between ﬂ ow and survival, giving resource managers the dif ﬁ cult task of designing ﬂ ows intended to help salmon without clear guidance on ﬂ ow targets. We used an information theoretic approach to analyze migration survival data from 2436 acoustic-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon from studies spanning differing water years (2013 – 2019) to extract actionable information on the ﬂ ow – survival relationship. This relationship was best described by a step function, with three ﬂ ow thresholds that we de ﬁ ned as minimum (4259 cfs), historic mean (10,712 cfs), and high (22,872 cfs). Survival var-ied by ﬂ ow threshold: 3.0% below minimum, 18.9% between minimum and historic mean, 50.8% between historic mean and high, and 35.3% above high. We used these thresholds to design alternative hydrographs over the same years that included an important component of functional ﬂ ows: spring pulse ﬂ ows. We compared predicted cohort migration survival between actual and alternative hydrographs. Managed hydrographs with pulse ﬂ ows that targeted high survival thresholds were predicted to increase annual cohort migration survival by 55 – 132% without any additions to the water budget and by 79 – 330% with a modest addition to the water budget. These quantitative estimates of the biological consequences of different ﬂ ow thresholds provide resource managers with critical information for designing functional ﬂ ow regimes that bene ﬁ t salmon in California ’ s highly constrained water management arena.
History of childbirths relates to 1 region-speciﬁc brain aging patterns 2 in middle and older-aged women 3

Pregnancy involves maternal brain adaptations, but little is known about how parity 13 inﬂuences women’s brain aging trajectories later in life. In this study, we replicated previous 14 ﬁndings showing less apparent brain aging in women with a history of childbirths, and identiﬁed 15 regional brain aging patterns linked to parity in 19,787 middle and older-aged women. Using 16 novel applications of brain-age prediction methods, we found that a higher number of previous 17 childbirths was linked to less apparent brain aging in striatal and limbic regions. The strongest 18 eﬀect was found in the accumbens - a key region in the mesolimbic reward system, which plays 19 an important role in maternal behavior. While only prospective longitudinal studies would be 20 conclusive, our ﬁndings indicate that subcortical brain modulations during pregnancy and 21 postpartum may be traceable decades after childbirth. childbirths. While prospective longitudinal studies are needed to 228 fully understand any enduring eﬀects of pregnancy, our novel use of regional brain-age predic- 229 tion - which captures deviations from normative aging - demonstrates that parity relates to region- 230 speciﬁc brain aging patterns evident decades after a woman’s last childbirth. 231
functiOnal electrical stimulatiOn Of PermanentlY denerVated muscles, uPdated 2020 наУчнаЯ Жизнь scientific life

Spinal cord injury produces muscle wasting, which is especially severe after the complete and permanent damage of lower motor neurons that occurs in complete Cauda Equina Syndrome. Even in this worst-case scenario, we have shown that permanently denervated Quadriceps muscle can be rescued by surface Functional Electrical Stimulation and a purpose designed home-based rehabilitation regime. Here, our aim is to show that the effects are extended to both antagonist muscles and the skin of the thighs. before and after 2 years of electrical stimulation, mass and structure of Quadriceps and Hamstrings muscles were quantitated by force measurements. Muscle gross cross section were evaluated using color computed tomography, muscle and skin biopsies by quantitative histology and immunohistochemistry. the treatment produced: a) an increase in cross-sectional area of stimulated muscles; b) an increase in muscle fiber mean diameter; c) improvements in ultrastructural organization; and d) increased force output during electrical stimulation. the recovery of Quadriceps muscle force was sufficient to allow 25% of the compliant subjects to perform stand-up and step-in place trainings. Improvements are extended to hamstring muscles and skin. Indeed, the cushioning effect provided by recovered tissues is a major clinical benefit. It is our hope that, with or without our advice, trials may start soon in Europe and Russia to provide persons-in-need the help they deserve.
OTOLARYNGOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Objective: To determine frequency of endoscopic oesophagitis in the patients who complain the chronic laryngopharyngeal disorders in the absence of typical gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) symptoms. Design: Descriptive study Place & Duration of the Study: The study was carried out in the department of E.N. T at Nawabshah Medical Centre, Nawabshah over the period of two years (2004 to 2006). Patients & Methods: One hundred patients of either sex and in the age group between 25-79 years with symptoms of chronic laryngopharyngeal disorders were selected for study. All patients had physical examination of upper aero digestive tract. Direct laryngoscopy was done to evaluate the status of larynx, however rigid esophagoscopy was done to evaluate the status of esophageal mucosa and biopsies from lower part of esophagus were taken in all patients. Results: Eighty percent of patients with symptoms of chronic laryrigopharyngitis were also suffering from microscopic Oesophagitis. Among the 80% patients 87.5% were having non-erosive oesophagitis while 12.5% were having erosive oesophagitis. Conclusion: In significant number of patients with chronic upper respiratory symptoms resistant to the treatment, there was co existing gastroesophageal disease which could be the cause of the symptoms.
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Hedonic Information Systems Quality

Hedonic Information Systems (HIS) are an entertainment-oriented IS used in non-office environments in which a user does not have specific goals to achieve. It is fundamentally different from the traditional IS designed for goal-oriented users in either individual or organisational work settings. Despite of the importance in improving HIS, there is a lack of academic exploration in context-specific HIS quality in a comprehensive manner. Drawing from a balanced thinking-feeling model and a theory of flow and telepresence theory, we explore the attributes of HIS quality. The Repertory Grid Interview technique (RGT) is used to interview 20 participants who have online gaming experience and 12 factors are identified. Our results show that HIS quality is a multifaceted concept that consists of not only utilitarian, but also hedonic and social features. This study is among the first to use a qualitative approach to comprehensively explore the attributes of HIS from user perspectives.
Surface Self-Assembled Colloidal Crystals

The structuring of polymers on the micro and nanoscale is performed largely by lithographic techniques, which require complex steps and suffer from geometrical and scaling limits. Techniques such as Nanoimprint Lithography and Hot Embossing are attractive alternatives as they can produce high quality nanoscale structures with a high throughput. Colloidal building blocks offer a way to self-assemble the masters required for these replication steps. However, the difficulty with self-assembly lies in the creation of stable structures with little defect that are well controlled. This work sets out to provide a comprehensive overview of the aspects of the fabrication of colloidal crystals, the most influential parameters and how they can be qualified. Offering a basis for future research on microscale replication by colloidal crystals and resulting in development of a method for the fabrication of colloidal crystal, which can be used as a master to replicate microscale patterns through Hot Embossing.
Optimization of the /spl Delta/E-effect in thin films and multilayers by magnetic field annealing

Summary form only given. The /spl Delta/E-effect of amorphous thin films (e.g. Fe-Co-B-Si, TbFe) and multilayers (e.g. TbFe/FeCo, TbFe/FeCoBSi) deposited on Si and glass substrates using magnetron sputtering has been investigated. Thin films with a high /spl Delta/E-effect are interesting for microsensor applications. Nevertheless, most of the work in the literature deals with the /spl Delta/E-effect in amorphous ribbons, much less is reported on thin films. This may be due to the problems in obtaining stress free films. For films with a high /spl Delta/E-effect materials are needed which combine high magnetostriction and low anisotropy. This means that the different anisotropy contributions in the films must be controlled a well as the stress state of the films in order to optimise the effect. Influences of substrates, sputtering parameters and annealing conditions (with and without magnetic field in different configurations) on the effect are discussed. The authors show a typical measurement of the /spl Delta/E-effect in a field-annealed amorphous (Fe/sub 90/Co/sub 10/)/sub 90/Si/sub 12/B/sub 10/ film and compare the as deposited with an annealed film. The effect size is about 30% assuming the Young's modulus of the film as 150 GPa. Measurements are based on the vibrating reed (mechanical resonance) method in parallel and perpendicular configuration. The results are discussed by comparing the /spl Delta/E-measurements with magnetostriction and magnetization as well as with data from literature.
and function Plasma cholesterol homeostasis, HDL remodeling and function during the acute phase reaction patient-oriented and epidemiological research

Acute phase reaction (APR) is a systemic inflammation triggered by several conditions associated with lipid profile alterations. We evaluated whether APR also associates with changes in cholesterol synthesis and absorption, HDL structure, composition, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). We analyzed 59 subjects with APR related to infections, oncologic causes, or autoimmune diseases and 39 cholesterol homeostasis, HDL remodeling during
Strain-Induced Alignment in Collagen Gels The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Collagen is the most abundant extracellular-network-forming protein in animal biology and is important in both natural and artificial tissues, where it serves as a material of great mechanical versatility. This versatility arises from its almost unique ability to remodel under applied loads into anisotropic and inhomogeneous structures. To explore the origins of this property, we develop a set of analysis tools and a novel experimental setup that probes the mechanical response of fibrous networks in a geometry that mimics a typical deformation profile imposed by cells in vivo . We observe strong fiber alignment and densification as a function of applied strain for both uncrosslinked and crosslinked collagenous networks. This alignment is found to be irreversibly imprinted in uncrosslinked collagen networks, suggesting a simple mechanism for tissue organization at the microscale. However, crosslinked networks display similar fiber alignment and the same geometrical properties as uncrosslinked gels, but with full reversibility. Plasticity is therefore not required to align fibers. On the contrary, our data show that this effect is part of the fundamental non-linear properties of fibrous biological networks. R01 CA085139-01A2 and by NSF IGERT program in biomechanics. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Trainee Teachers’ Collaborative and Reflective Practicum in Kindergarten Classrooms in Greece: A Case Study Approach

This chapter examines the reform outcome of reflective teaching introduced by the Department of Preschool Education among the teacher trainees in University of Crete, during their practicum. The main purpose of this action research project was to identify principles and specific strategies to the development of collaborative work employed from the participants to support and enhance the development and learning of young children. The participants of the study (70 teacher trainees, and the University Kindergarten Mentor, were trained all together twice in the beginning of each semester, by Course Supervisor) on a adapted and modified model of ‘Collaborative Learning Training’, focused to help teacher trainees on: a) the planning and teaching, b) the intervention on the learning environment of kindergarten, c) the formative evaluation of children, and d) the change of teaching practices, using curriculum differentiation to respond to children’s diversity. Data collection from interviews, surveys, observations and teacher trainees’ portfolios showed the engagement of all the participants in a democratic, critical reflection and creative problem-solving procedure with favorable predictions for collaborative teaching and learning in future professional settings.
for landscape genetics 2 Running Head: Estimating resistance parameters

A basic understanding of how the landscape impedes, or creates resistance to, the dispersal of organisms and hence gene (cid:29)ow is paramount for successful conservation science and management. Spatially structured ecological networks are often used to represent spatial landscape-genetic relationships, where nodes represent individuals or populations and resistance to movement is represented using non-binary edge weights. Weights are typically assigned or estimated by the user, rather than observed, and validating such weights is challenging. We provide a synthesis of current methods used to estimate edge weights and an overview of common model types, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and their ability to model landscape-genetic data. We further explore a set of spatial-statistical methods that provide ecologists with alternative approaches for modeling spatially explicit processes that may a(cid:27)ect genetic structure. This includes an overview of spatial autoregressive models, 20 with a particular focus on how correlation and partial correlation are used to 21 represent neighborhood structure with the inverse of the covariance matrix (i.e., 22 precision matrix). We then demonstrate how to model resistance by specifying 23 an appropriate statistical model on the nodes, conditioned on the edge weights, 24 through the precision matrix. This integration of network ecology and spatial 25 statistics provides a practical analytical framework for landscape-genetic 26 studies. The results can be used to make statistical inferences about the relative importance of individual landscape characteristics, such as the 28 vegetative cover, hillslope, or the presence of roads or rivers, on gene (cid:29)ow. In 29 addition, the R code we include allows readers to explore landscape-genetic structure in their own datasets, which will potentially provide new insights into the evolutionary processes that generated ecological networks, as well as valuable information about the optimal characteristics of conservation corridors.
Analyzing the Impact of Coordination Factors on Construction Project Success in Pakistan Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

Coordination is one of the significant components of the construction process. The owners, consultants and contractors struggle to coordinate adequately in massive construction projects whose success could be explain in terms of time, cost, quality and satisfaction. However, coordination factors are crucial in securing the successful accomplishment of all stages of the project. In this study, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology uses to indicate factors that lack of coordination badly affects the success of infrastructural projects. A conceptual model was developed for the evaluation of project success. The model comprises of two key latent factors. An empirical analysis to test the conceptual model was carried out through the questionnaire survey. The data collected from 246 building experts who were employed in the construction sector in Pakistan. The findings of the analysis showed that the model value was 0.625 which indicated that the lack of coordination had a main influence on project success. The communication-related factors (beta 0.246) have a greater effect on project success, based on the overall form of the model. The conceptual model GOF was calculated as 0.642 which showed the conceptual model validity and reliability, and the data matches correctly. The current study applies PLS-SEM which is previously missing in the literature; this provides additional insights to the array of knowledge in the construction industry that leads project managers to understand the lack of coordination and its impact on project success.
Attenuates Experimental Arthritis and Cellular Immune Responses and Leptin Signaling Deficiency Impairs Humoral

Leptin is produced almost exclusively by adipocytes and regulates body weight at the hypothalamic level. In addition, recent studies showed that leptin plays an important role in T lymphocyte responses. To examine the role of leptin in Ag-induced arthritis, the development of joint inﬂammation was assessed in immunized leptin-deﬁcient mice ( ob/ob ), (cid:1) /? , and wild-type mice ( (cid:1) / (cid:1) ) following the administration of methylated BSA into the knees. The results showed that ob/ob mice developed less severe arthritis compared with control mice. The levels of IL-1 (cid:2) and TNF- (cid:3) mRNA in the synovium of arthritic knees were lower in ob/ob than in (cid:1) /? mice. In vitro Ag-speciﬁc T cell proliferative responses were signiﬁcantly decreased in ob/ob mice with lower IFN- (cid:4) and higher IL-10 production, suggesting a shift toward a Th2-type response in ob/ob mice. The serum levels of anti-methylated BSA Abs of any isotype were signiﬁcantly decreased in arthritic ob/ob mice compared with controls. Essentially identical results were obtained in db/db mice, which lack the expression of the long isoform of leptin receptor. By RT-PCR, we observed that B lymphocytes express leptin receptor mRNA, indicating that in addition to its effect on the cellular response, leptin may exert a direct effect on B cell function. In conclusion, leptin contributes to the mechanisms of joint inﬂammation in Ag-induced arthritis by regulating both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 875–882.
Thinking of Biology

608 BioScience • July/August 2007 / Vol. 57 No. 7 www.biosciencemag. org F more than two decades, there has been sustained criticism of the appropriateness of using methods that rely solely on null-hypothesis testing for observational studies in science (e.g., Carver 1978, McBride et al. 1993, Anderson et al. 2000, Wade 2000, Johnson 2002). The disciplines of psychology, wildlife biology, and statistics have been in the forefront of this conflict between two qualitatively different inferential paradigms: model-selection methods, based on information theory, and null-hypothesis testing, based on a frequentist approach. But many other areas of biology and ecology have been implicated, including molecular biology, systematics, physical geography, medicine, and epidemiology (Johnson and Omland 2004). Perhaps this is because all these fields readily provide case studies in which multiple causative factors lead to real-world complexity that is difficult to reduce to a single, isolated mechanism. Strong proponents of the model-selection paradigm have decried the use of null-hypothesis testing as outdated, and some have colorfully suggested that the practice of reporting P values should be “euthanized” on philosophical grounds (Anderson and Burnham 2002). Others have taken an equivocal stance, suggesting that the two inferential paradigms provide complementary tools for the investigator, and that hypothesis testing should be retained for manipulative experimental design (e.g., Johnson and Omland 2004). Stephens and colleagues (2005) proposed that it may be more profitable to distinguish between studies of univariate causality, in which null-hypothesis testing may be sufficient, and multivariate causality, in which model selection offers clear advantages (but see Lukacs et al. 2007). Here we attempt to clarify some of the philosophical terrain relevant to this debate by discussing one of the key philosophical underpinnings of model selection. This is the concept of the method of multiple working hypotheses (MMWH), as described by the geologist T. C. Chamberlin in 1890, and later referred to by Platt (1964) in his notion of “strong inference. ” Although the term has become almost mainstream in ecology, we contend that the core meaning of Chamberlin’s conceptualization has often been forgotten or misinterpreted over time, and that this needs rectification. For instance, a common mistake is to equate the MMWH with the method of developing alternative hypotheses. Yet systematic application of the latter method occurred at least as early as Francis Bacon (1620), whereas the former is qualitatively different in construction and was intended by Chamberlin to serve as a complement to the formal, “pure,” or classic analytic method. Here we first describe the MMWH in general terms. Then we discuss its applicability to methodologies that not only allow (or require) the simultaneous appraisal of more than one hypothesis but explicitly accommodate various situations in which several hypotheses are simultaneously true.