Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volume zone plate development at BESSY

State-of-the-art Fresnel zone plates can be described by scalar diffraction theory neglecting the three-dimensional shape of the zone structures. According to this theory their diffraction efficiency scales as 1/m where m is the diffraction order. While keeping the zone height constant, the aspect ratio of the zones increases inversely with decreasing outermost zone width. For photon energies below one keV, it is shown by applying electrodynamic theory that scalar theory is no longer suited to describe zone plates with outermost zone width below 20 nm and aspect ratios of about 10:1 [1,2]. Full electrodynamic theory which includes forward and backward diffracted as well as evanescent waves predicts that the diffraction efficiency decreases continuously if the lateral dimensions of the zone width approach the wavelength used for imaging. This result is obtained for zone structures parallel to the optical axis. Unlike the diffraction properties of parallel zone structures, rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWT) predicts for zone structures tilted to the optical axis according to the local Bragg condition that the diffraction efficiency can be up to 50 % [3]. In addition, RCTW calculations show that similar diffraction efficiency values can be obtained in any high order of diffraction m > 1. The resolving power of zone plates scales with the order of diffraction m. By applying high orders of diffraction, it is possible to increase the resolution without the need for manufacturing increasingly smaller outermost zone width far below 20 nm. Applying high orders for imaging requires manufacturing tilted zone structures with aspect ratios of about 20:1 [2]. To overcome the extremely difficult problem of manufacturing tilted zones with high aspect ratios of 20:1, we propose to manufacture zone plates on top of each other with slightly decreasing zone radii [3]. In good approximation – depending only on the number of layers – the zones can be tilted according to the local Bragg condition and each single layer requires only moderate aspect ratio structures (see Fig. 1C). However, the overlay accuracy for e-beam writing is in the nanometer range. Theoretical results on the dependency of the number of layers and their required overlay accuracy will be presented. We will also present the current status of the zone plate development at BESSY.
Cellulose nanocrystallites as an efficient support for nanoparticles of palladium: application for catalytic hydrogenation and Heck coupling under mild conditions

We report herein the synthesis of a new hybrid material, PdNPs@CNCs consisting of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) evenly deposited onto colloidal cellulose nanocrystallites (CNCs). This material proved an active catalyst for the hydrogenation reaction of phenol to cyclohexanone in water as a solvent, at room temperature, under 4 bar of dihydrogen. Moreover, the catalyst perfomed well in the Heck coupling of styrene and iodobenzene in a hydro-organic mixture. CNCs constitute a highly crystalline, ordered and yet accessible green material easily obtained from wood pulp. This work demonstrates the possibility of using colloidal CNCs as an efficient support for catalysis.
Breath analysis : methodology towards a fieldable breath analysis device

In this work lung cancer is introduced along with the current detection methods. The inadequacies of the current situation are highlighted along with the need for better detection technologies that would allow for a more rigorous testing regime to be implemented. Metabolism and metabolites are introduced as potential biomarkers. The advanced detection techniques mass spectrometry (MS) and differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are introduced and discussed with regard to being a fieldable device. The methods applicable to processing data generated by these instruments are discussed. Finally the research objectives are highlighted. The science of breath sampling is discussed along with the considerations when engaging in breath analysis research. Sampling and trapping of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is discussed with particular emphasis on the adaptive breath sampler which was used in this work. The benefits of a dual detector instrument allowing for analysis of a single sample using both MS and DMS are outlined. The design and implementation of a parallel, two detector system is outlined including the intricacies of balancing the two columns that operate at different pressures and developing a mount Processing DMS data currently lags behind the current hardware available as there are no methods that allow the full data surface to be utilised. This work outlines a method for transforming DMS data from three dimensions to two dimensions while retaining the full information contained within the data surface. This method was tested with generated data sets to show its’ utility and compared to the current standard processing method using real data sets. An understanding of all aspects of a clinical research project is vital to ensure the smooth running and completion of the project. The currently required documentation for an outside researcher to work within the NHS are detailed along with the expected timeframe for each step of designing, gaining ethical approval and implementing the research. The use of Gantt charts and work flow diagrams is highlighted and examples are given. An initial inspection of the data produced by a pilot study shows that there a several challenges that must be overcome, these are contamination and artefact peaks, retention time shifting, unresolved peaks, differing intensities in similar samples and the complexities of correctly identifying compounds found in breath samples. These are discussed and a workflow is highlighted.
Ampholyte-micelle equilibria: new method for estimating micelle size and the association constant

The formation of micelles is viewed as a simple association of monomeric ampholyte governed by single values of N (determining the size of the micelle) and of K, the thermodynamic association equilibrium constant. Values of N and K may be determined from a plot of any weight-average property of the micellar system vs. total ampholyte concentrations by utilizing 3 points on the sigmoidal curve. The analysis does not require graphic locations by differentiation procedures of these points but rather is based on the observation that weight fractions of monomer and of micelle as well as the normalized ordinate of the curve may be calculated as sole functions of N. Such calculations are tabulated to provide a ready means of finding equilibrium parameters for any micellar system of this type. The analysis procedure is illustrated by using numerical examples referring to the concentration dependence of the weight-average molecular weight of a micellar system.
Synergistic Reduction Of Listeria Monocytogenes Cold Growth By Lactate And Diacetate

Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrotolerant foodborne pathogen that is of particular concern to the ready-to-eat meat and seafood industries because it‟s ability to grow at low temperatures reduces the ability of refrigeration to control the pathogen‟s growth in foods. Because L. monocytogenes generally contaminates foods at low levels and has a high infectious dose, the ability for the organism to grow in foods is critical for its ability to cause disease. One method to control L. monocytogenes’ growth, widely used in the ready-to-eat meat industry, is to formulate products with combinations of the organic acids lactate and diacetate, as they appear to have synergistic (greater than additive) effects. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate synergistic growth inhibition by lactate and diacetate in a statistically rigorous manner. The approach was to grow strains of L. monocytogenes representing the two major genetic lineages in broth treated with lactate, diacetate or the combination of both at the same level at refrigeration temperature. The data show the growth inhibitor combination extends lag phase and decreases maximum growth rate similarly across both genetic lineages, and in a statistically significant manner (a significant interaction between treatments), quantitatively proving synergism. Monte Carlo simulations provided further evidence for synergy by predicting significantly slower growth to nominal endpoints, such as a 1-log increase, for the combination of inhibitors. This study quantitatively confirms the qualitative evidence in the literature for lactate and diacetate synergy and justifies the combined use in food product formulations. The final chapter describes two directions to continue this research, specifically (i) using these synergy calculations methods to characterize and optimize novel growth inhibiting treatment combinations and (ii) using molecular genetics techniques to investigate the mechanisms behind the synergistic actions of lactate and diacetate.
Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Simulated EGR Addition on Swirl-Stabilized CH4 Flames

AbstractLow-temperature combustion concepts for transport and power generation employ mixture dilution techniques, such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), that offer the potential of fuel flexibility, reduced pollutant emissions, and improved efficiency. These combustion modes, however, display a higher sensitivity to the compositional changes brought about by dilution, which in turn may have an adverse influence on the overall system performance. A fundamental study on the interactions between methane and simulated EGR was carried out on a swirl-stabilized, stoichiometric flame. The effects of varying levels and composition of diluents and preheating temperatures on flame structure and exhaust emissions, were experimentally investigated. Reductions of up to 90% and over 95% in NOx and CO emissions, respectively, where observed for higher levels of added diluents, whereas an increase in preheating temperature resulted in the opposite trends. It has been further demonstrated that, depending on fuel and th.
Proteostatic Regulation of MEP and Shikimate Pathways by Redox-Activated Photosynthesis Signaling in Plants Exposed to Small Fungal Volatiles

Microorganisms produce volatile compounds (VCs) with molecular masses of less than 300 Da that promote plant growth and photosynthesis. Recently, we have shown that small VCs of less than 45 Da other than CO2 are major determinants of plant responses to fungal volatile emissions. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the plants’ responses to small microbial VCs remain unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to small fungal VCs, growth promotion is accompanied by reduction of the thiol redox of Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) enzymes and changes in the levels of shikimate and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway-related compounds. We hypothesized that plants’ responses to small microbial VCs involve post-translational modulation of enzymes of the MEP and shikimate pathways via mechanisms involving redox-activated photosynthesis signaling. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses of wild-type (WT) plants and a cfbp1 mutant defective in a redox-regulated isoform of the CBC enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase to small VCs emitted by the fungal phytopathogen Alternaria alternata. Fungal VC-promoted growth and photosynthesis, as well as metabolic and proteomic changes, were substantially weaker in cfbp1 plants than in WT plants. In WT plants, but not in cfbp1 plants, small fungal VCs reduced the levels of both transcripts and proteins of the stromal Clp protease system and enhanced those of plastidial chaperonins and co-chaperonins. Consistently, small fungal VCs promoted the accumulation of putative Clp protease clients including MEP and shikimate pathway enzymes. clpr1-2 and clpc1 mutants with disrupted plastidial protein homeostasis responded weakly to small fungal VCs, strongly indicating that plant responses to microbial volatile emissions require a finely regulated plastidial protein quality control system. Our findings provide strong evidence that plant responses to fungal VCs involve chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling of redox-activated photosynthesis leading to proteostatic regulation of the MEP and shikimate pathways.
ZeroBio – Fingerprint Authentication System Using Oblivious NeuralNetwork Evaluation Protocol

We have proposed a remote authentication protocol without revealing a verifier biometrics data. However, the accuracy of this system was not enough for practical use. Then, we attempt to improve accuracy using minutiae extraction system specialized to the neural networks. 1 はじめに 銀行の ATMや入退室等,本人確認に生体認証が利用 されるようになってきた. 生体認証はパスワードを覚え ておく必要がないため,利便性に長けているが生体情報 の取り扱いに課題が多く残っている. 例えば,生体情報 はひとたび流出してしまうと,パスワードと違い変更す ることができない. この問題に対し,妹尾らは,ネット ワークの通信路の暗号化によるネットワーク認証システ ムを提案している [1]. しかし,彼らのシステムでは認証 サーバに生体情報を管理する必要性があり,内部犯によ る生体情報の漏洩には対処できない. このため,サーバ に対して生体情報を秘匿したまま認証を可能とする方式 が望まれている. 太田らは生体情報に対して回転・歪曲等の変換を施し, 変換に用いた情報のみを利用して認証を行うシステムを 提案している [2]. しかし,変換関数と入力情報から生体 情報の一部が特定できてしまう問題や,類似度判定の制 限が存在する. 一方,柴田らは,生体情報そのものでは なく,生体情報から公開鍵暗号の秘密鍵を動的に生成し, ディジタル署名により利用者認証を行うメカニズムベー ス PKI を提案している [3]. 実際に,指紋認証で提案方 式を実行するシステムを実装し,有効性を主張している. 伊藤らは,認証時にマルチパーティプロトコルを用いて 生体情報を秘匿し,ハミング距離から認証を行うプロト コルを提案している [4]. この問題に対して,我々は生体情報を所持する証明者と 本人の確認を行う検証者の間で,管理する情報がそれぞれ 同一でない,すなわち非対称である生体認証を提案 [5],試 験実装を行った [6]. しかし,消失・変動するマニューシャ に対しての考慮が十分でなく,他人受入率 FAR= 0.35, 1指紋の特徴点. 特徴点の種類として端点, 分岐点,隆線角度 がある 本人拒否率 FRR= 0.25 の精度しか得られていないこと が課題となっていた. そこで,本研究では,我々はマニューシャ抽出に米国標 準技術研究所National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) が開発した指紋認証ソフトウェア,NIST Fingerprint Identification Software 2(NFIS2)[7]を用い て,かすれ等の影響が少ない信頼性の高いマニューシャを 抽出する事で,精度の向上を図ると共に,ニューラルネッ トワークの入力に用いる最適な特徴点抽出方法について 検討を行う.
Adsorption processes and spatiotemporal pattern formation during electrochemical reactions on Au(111) film electrodes

In this thesis the interaction of organic monolayers, which form condensed twodimensional films on Au(111) electrodes, and different electrochemical reactions was studied, addressing questions which arise from two fields, namely electrochemistry and nonlinear dynamics. With surface plasmon resonance angle (SPRA) measurement and cyclic voltammetry, the adsorption of thymine, coumarin and camphor on Au(111) film electrodes was investigated with special focus on changes of the optical properties of the interface which are caused by a first-order phase transition that these adsorbates exhibit. Furthermore, the inhibiting properties of the condensed camphor layer on different electrochemical reactions was investigated. Among those, the systems camphor-periodate/Au(111) and hexacyanoferrate(camphor)/Au(111) exhibited, for different reasons, particularly interesting properties and were investigated in some detail. The camphor-periodate/Au(111) system was shown to possess an S-shaped current–potential characteristics. Motivated by recent theoretical investigations, which predict that systems with an S-shaped current–potential characteristic exhibit spatial instabilities that give rise to stationary patterns, the lateral distribution of the camphor film was examined under different reaction conditions with surface plasmon imaging (SPI). Indeed, in wide parameter ranges, stationary adsorbate patterns could be observed that possessed all properties of so-called Turing patterns. These examinations allowed the unambiguous experimental confirmation of the existence of electrochemical Turing structures. In the absence of camphor, periodate reduction on Au(111) was found to possess an N-shaped current–potential characteristic. This system belongs thus to the large class of electrochemical N-NDR oscillators and was chosen as model system for studies on the impact of a negative global coupling on pattern formation in these systems. A negative global coupling was known to cause spatial instabilities in N-NDR systems, but studies with two-dimensional electrodes were missing. Such studies were carried out employing SPRI to obtain
Crystallography Made Crystal Clear, Third Edition: A Guide for Users of Macromolecular Models

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing crystallography made crystal clear third edition a guide for users of macromolecular models complementary science by rhodes gale 2006 paperback as the reading material.
Structural, spectroscopic and EPR studies of tetraethylammonium tetramethylammonium tetrabomocuprate (II) complex

Abstract The tetraethylammonium tetramethylammonium tetrabromocuprate(II), (hereafter, [(TEA)(TMA)CuBr4]) [(C2H5)4N][(CH3)4N][CuBr4], complex was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (IR), structural (XRD) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The compound contains four isolated and discrete moieties, i.e. two independent [(CH3)4N]+ cations, with one on a -4 axis and the other with the central N atom on a 2z axis, one [(C2H5)4N]]+ cation, on a mirror plane and in a trans conformation, and one distorted tetrahedral [CuBr4]2– anion on another mirror plane. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of [(TEA)(TMA)CuBr4] single crystals and powder were investigated in the temperature range from 300 to 5 K. The observed values from the line width and g tensors were found to be temperature dependent. The temperature dependence of Cu(II) complex with EPR spectra values were also discussed in terms of dynamic Jahn-Teller effect.
Improvement of plybond strength of paperboard by corona treatment

It was found that the treatment of the surfaces of wet pulp sheets (moisture content; up to 85%) in a corona discharge improved greatly the plybond strength of the paperboard obtained when the treated wet pulp sheets were laminated together, pressed, and then dried. Treatment was carried out by use of a corona apparatus which had variable driven roll electrodes for transporting the wet pulp sheets through a corona field and was attached to a high-voltage generator (∼ max 500 W, ∼ 16 kV at 5 kHz). The plybond strengths of the paperboards were examined by means of Tappi RC-273 and JIS P8139 methods. Some experiments regarding the chemical effects of the corona treatment on the surface modification of wet pulp sheets were made with the aid of dye adsorption methods. Both untreated and corona-treated pulps adsorbed basic dyes, methylene blue, etc., with the same extent of dyeing. This indicates that no measurable acidic sites (carboxyl groups) increased on the surfaces of the pulp sheets during the corona treatment. To detect aldehyde groups, the dyeing examination of the pulps with Schiff's reagent was made, and the results showed a higher dyeing ability for the corona-treated pulps compared to the untreated, indicating that aldehyde groups on the pulp surfaces increased with an increase in the degree of corona treatment. The corona treatment seems to produce on the surface layer lightly oxidized and fairly degraded polysaccharide chains, which will tend to swell in water and thus act as an adhesive in plybonding the pulp sheets.
A sandwich electrochemical immunoassay for Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum based on a AuNPs/SiO2/Fe3O4 adsorbing antibody and 4 channel screen printed carbon electrode electrodeposited gold nanoparticles

A rapid and highly sensitive sandwich electrochemical immunoassay method was constructed for Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum (S. pullorum and S. gallinarum) determination based on immune magnetic beads (MBs) and an enzyme labeled antibody. An abundance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were attached to SiO2 coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/SiO2) via covalent binding between the –SH groups of Fe3O4/SiO2 and the AuNPs. Antibodies against S. pullorum and S. gallinarum were immobilized on Fe3O4/SiO2/AuNPs nanocomposites (AuMNPs) by automatic adsorption between thiol and the AuNPs. S. pullorum and S. gallinarum in the sample were captured by the AuMNPs and separated from the samples by applying an external magnetic field. The AuMNPs–Salmonella complexes (Ag/Ab1/AuMNPs) were re-dispersed in a buffer solution then exposed to horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-S. pullorum and S. gallinarum (HRP-Ab2) solution, forming a sandwich-type immune complex (HRP-Ab2/Ag/Ab1/AuMNPs). A 4 channel screen printed carbon electrode (4-SPCE) was modified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through the electrodeposition method to prepare AuNPs/4-SPCE. After magnetically separating the sandwich immune complexes from solution, HRP-Ab2/Ag/Ab1/AuMNPs was anchored on AuNPs/4-SPCE by a magnet. A linear response to S. pullorum and S. gallinarum was obtained in the concentration range from 102 to 106 CFU mL−1, with a limit of detection of 3.2 × 101 CFU mL−1 (at an SNR of 3). This nanoparticle-based immunoassay method offers sensitive, highly specific, and reproducible detection of S. pullorum and S. gallinarum. Given its low detection limit, it represents promising potential in the detection of other food-borne pathogens by exchanging the antibody.
A Simple General Method for (Radio)iodination of a Phenylalanine Residue in Peptides: Preparation of [D-Pen2,4′-125I-Phe4,D-Pen5]Enkephalin, a Peptide with Extraordinary Selectivity for δ-Opioid Receptors

We have achieved a significant improvement in a method of introducing radioiodine in the aromtic ring of a phenylalanine residue. This simple and straightforward method using a crown ether should be applicable to many other similar systems. Utilizing this method we have recently synthesized another radioiodinated and biologically potent opioid peptide, Tyr-D-Ala-(4'- 125 I)Phe-Glu-Val-Val-Gly-NH 2 , ([4'- 125 I-Phe 3 ] deltorphin), in 30-35% yield from [4'-NH 2 -Phe 3 ] deltorphin
Modélisation des procédes de croissance de SiC en phase gazeuse (PVT) et en phase liquide (TSSG)

Le carbure de silicium (SiC) est l'un des materiaux les plus prometteurs pour les dispositifs electroniques de puissance. Meme si la modelisation a prouve sa capacite a assister le developpement du procede de croissance des cristaux de SiC, de nombreux aspects ne sont toujours pas decrits de facon satisfaisante. Cette these a pour but d'utiliser les outils de modelisation pour etudier les phenomenes fondamentaux ayant lieu dans la croissance massive du SiC, que ce soit en phase vapeur (PVT) ou en phase liquide (TSSG). Pour la methode PVT, une attention particuliere est portee sur la physico-chimie de l'interface solide-vapeur. Pour simuler la cristallisation stœchiometrique du SiC a partir d'une phase gazeuse non-congruente, phenomene mal decrit par le modele d'Hertz-Knudsen, nous avons considere le SiC comme une solution solide en utilisant la modelisation couplee du transfert de masse et de la thermodynamique. Cette approche donne une evaluation de la composition du cristal de SiC qui peut etre liee a des parametres controlables. De telles correlations peuvent servir de base pour controler la densite de defauts ponctuels, la stabilite des polytypes et la concentration de dopage. Dans le cas du procede TSSG, les effets de la vitesse de rotation du cristal et de la frequence du champ magnetique sont etudies. La convection electromagnetique est la principale contribution regissant les mouvements de fluide a basse frequence alors que la convection naturelle et l'effet Marangoni deviennent dominants a haute frequence. Dans les conditions experimentales utilisant les basses frequences, la vitesse de croissance du cristal pourrait encore etre accrue en augmentant la vitesse de rotation. Une modelisation analytique, couplee aux calculs de dynamique des fluides a permis de decrire les interactions entre le flux de liquide et la direction de propagation des marches de croissance a la surface du cristal. Un parametre de phase a ete introduit comme critere d'apparition de macromarches, a l'origine d'instabilites morphologiques.