Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy assimilation, parental care and the evolution of endothermy

The question of the selection forces which initiated the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals is one of the most intriguing in the evolutionary physiology of vertebrates. Many students regard the aerobic capacity model as the most plausible hypothesis. This paper presents an alternative model, in which the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals was driven by two factors: (i) a selection for intense post–hatching parental care, particularly feeding offspring, and (ii) the high cost of maintaining the increased capacity of the visceral organs necessary to support high rates of total daily energy expenditures.
Deficiency of Sef Is Associated With Increased Postnatal Cortical Bone Mass by Regulating Runx2 Activity

Sef (similar expression to fgf genes) is a feedback inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and functions in part by binding to FGF receptors and inhibiting their activation. Genetic studies in mice and humans indicate an important role for fibroblast growth factor signaling in bone growth and homeostasis. We, therefore, investigated whether Sef had a function role in skeletal acquisition and remodeling. Sef expression is increased during osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and LacZ staining of Sef+/− mice showed high expression of Sef in the periosteum and chondro‐osseous junction of neonatal and adult mice. Mice with a global deletion of Sef showed increased cortical bone thickness, bone volume, and increased periosteal perimeter by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Histomorphometric analysis of cortical bone revealed a significant increase in osteoblast number. Interestingly, Sef−/− mice showed very little difference in trabecular bone by micro‐CT and histomorphometry compared with wild‐type mice. Bone marrow cells from Sef−/− mice grown in osteogenic medium showed increased proliferation and increased osteoblast differentiation compared with wild‐type bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells from Sef−/− mice showed enhanced FGF2‐induced activation of the ERK pathway, whereas bone marrow cells from Sef transgenic mice showed decreased FGF2‐induced signaling. FGF2‐induced acetylation and stability of Runx2 was enhanced in Sef−/− bone marrow cells, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited Runx2‐responsive luciferase reporter activity. Bone marrow from Sef−/− mice showed enhanced hematopoietic lineage‐dependent and osteoblast‐dependent osteoclastogenesis and increased bone resorptive activity relative to wild‐type controls in in vitro assays, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, these studies indicate that Sef has specific roles in osteoblast and osteoclast lineages and that its absence results in increased osteoblast and osteoclast activity with a net increase in cortical bone mass. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hemodynamic Response to the Upright Posture

The authors' objective was to review previous studies of immediate (first 30 seconds) and stabilized (30 seconds to 20 minutes) hemodynamic responses of healthy adults to the head‐up posture, with particular reference to alteration of such responses in the elderly and the usefulness of such data in the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. The immediate response in healthy young adults is characterized by a prompt rise in heart rate, which peaks at about 8 to 15 seconds and then tapers; the arterial pressure and total vascular resistance decrease sharply at 5 to 10 seconds, followed by a rapid rebound and overshoot. Over the first 30 seconds there is a steady parallel decline of thoracic blood volume and stroke volume; there is also an initial surge of cardiac output followed by a steady decrease. During the stabilized response (30 seconds to 20 minutes), the hemodynamic variables are relatively steady, showing average increases in heart rate of about 15 to 30%, in diastolic pressure of 10 to 15%, and in total vascular resistance of 30 to 40%; during the 5th to 20th minutes there are also decreases in thoracic blood volume averaging about 25 to 30%, in cardiac output 15 to 30%, and in pulse pressure about 5 to 10%. It is evident that in normal human subjects, assumption of the upright posture results in profound hemodynamic changes, most of them occurring during the first 30 seconds. In elderly subjects (aged 60–69 years), there are, in the upright posture, lesser increments of heart rate and diastolic pressure, but no significant differences from younger age groups in the response of thoracic blood volume, cardiac output or total vascular resistance. However, beginning at about age 75, there is an increasing incidence of orthostatic hypotension, which averages about 14 to 20% at age 75 and older. The tendency toward orthostatic hypotension in the elderly is due (1) to the structural and functional changes in the circulation itself, (2) to a decline in autonomic function, and (3) to a probable functional deficiency of the skeletal muscle pump. The authors believe that closer hemodynamic monitoring of orthostatic hypotension patients would considerably increase our understanding and aid in the diagnosis of this condition.
Simultaneous detection of porcine proinflammatory cytokines using multiplex flow cytometry by the xMAP™ technology

Multiplex flow cytometry is in widespread use for detection of cytokines in human samples. However, no report on the measurement of porcine cytokines using this method has previously been published. We report on the detection of the porcine proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐8, and IL‐1β by the xMap‐assay for multiplex flow cytometry.
Processed RGB-D Slam Using Open-Source Software

SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) of robot is the key to achieve autonomous control of robot, and also a significant topic in the field of mobile robotics. Aiming at 3D modeling of indoor complex environment, this paper presents a fast three-dimensional simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) method for mobile robots. On the basis of RGB-D SLAM algorithm, the open-source software combining the RGB-D sensor like Kinect with the wheeled mobile robot is used to obtain the odometry data, and then the information of their location is matched through the image feature extraction and in the end the map is constructed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by experiments in indoor environment.
Fundamental Physics and the Fine-Structure Constant

From the exponential function of Euler's equation to the geometry of a fundamental form, a calculation of the fine-structure constant and its relationship to the proton-electron mass ratio is given. Equations are found for the fundamental constants of the four forces of nature: electromagnetism, the weak force, the strong force and the force of gravitation. Symmetry principles are then associated with traditional physical measures.
The structure of homosexuality.

Abstract Based upon a critical review of the literature and upon the main body of psychoanalytic theory in regard to homosexuality, the following hypotheses were derived: 1) Differences in the structure of personality, as revealed by the Rorschach technique, exist among the active-vs.-passive and fellatio-vs.-sodomy dimensions of homosexuality; 2) differences in the number and kinds of homosexual signs are a function not only of the presence or absence of homosexuality but also the sub-grouping within the category of homosexuality; 3) the homosexual group will not employ a more primitive ego adaptation or show more primary process than the normals; 4) the homosexual group is not more creative as manifest by Klopfer's scheme for evaluating creative potentials; and 5) the nature of the anxiety defended against varies with the variety of behavioral expression of homosexuality. All of the hypotheses were supported by the statistical tests except number 5 and that part of hypothesis 2 which states that the kin.
Developmental changes and variability in the early lexicon: a study of French children's naturalistic productions

This paper investigates developmental changes, as well as inter-linguistic and inter-individual variations, in the expansion and composition of French children's early lexicons. Two studies were conducted using children's naturalistic productions: a longitudinal study of one child between 1;2 and 2;6, and a cross-sectional study of two groups (12 children each) aged 1;8 and 2;6. Analyses indicate that lexical productivity (measured in types, tokens, and new words) strongly increased with age, whereas lexical diversity showed almost no developmental progression. Nouns and para-lexical elements (including interjections, fillers or formulas) were predominant until 1;8 and decreased over time, while predicates and grammatical words increased. As compared to English, French development was characterized by less frequent nouns, initially more frequent predicates, and a remarkable expansion of grammatical words. Inter-individual variability in lexical productivity, in lexical diversity, and in the proportions of different categories was more marked at 1;8 than at 2;6. Lexical profiles found at 1;8 suggest the existence of more diversified organizational patterns than those captured in the referential-expressive distinction.
Technologies Involved in the Manufacture of Smart Nonwoven Fabrics

Many methods can be used to protect humans against hazardous chemicals in the envi‐ ronment such as personal protective equipment and protective clothing. However, what matters most is prevention and early detection of threats. Detecting the presence of haz‐ ardous chemicals such as organic liquids and the vapours they give off is possible using sensors. Effective chemosensory properties are revealed by conductive polymers and car‐ bon particles, where the electrical resistance of chemicals changes. Still open to debate is finding the optimum means of applying chemical sensors that would provide high sensi‐ tivity, durability, reliability, and resistance but at the same time would not be expensive. The authors propose introducing chemical sensors in the form of nonwoven fabrics pro‐ duced by the melt-blown method and by electrospinning. The analysis takes account of melt-blown nonwoven fabric based on polylactide (PLA)-containing carbon nanotubes, nonwoven fabric made by electrospinning based on polyethylene oxide–containing car‐ bon nanotubes and carbon nonwoven fabric from polyacrylonitrile submicron precursor fibres formed by electrospinning. Assessment of the effectiveness of the sensors to liquid vapours including methanol, acetone, benzene and toluene (concentration 200 ppm) has been carried out. The resulting nonwoven sensors are characterized by good electrical conductivity and altered electrical resistance as a result of the presence of vapours.
Exploring the use of the Dementia Management Strategies Scale in caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore

Background: Well-being in persons with dementia (PWD) depends much on the quality and type of care received. The Dementia Management Strategies Scale (DMSS) is a useful instrument to appraise care styles of caregivers. The present study expanded on previous research by refining and establishing the scale's content validity and psychometric properties in the Singapore context. Method: Five family caregivers and four dementia care professionals (nurse, occupational therapist, social worker and doctor) reviewed the DMSS for content validity. Two hundred and forty-six family caregivers completed questionnaires which assessed caregiver and patient characteristics, and dementia management strategies with DMSS. Internal consistency reliability was assessed and construct validity was evaluated through Pearson's correlation with extant instruments. Results: Eight items from the 28-item DMSS were omitted after content review as they were deemed inappropriate in our socio-cultural setting. A factor analysis with Varimax rotation confirmed a two-factor structure (positive and negative dimensions) for the revised DMSS (rDMSS). The two subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha .89 and .87). Moderate to strong correlations (.35–.53) with the scales, Zarit Burden Instrument, Revised Memory and Behavioural Problems Checklist, General Health Questionnaire, Short Sense of Competence Scale, Gains in Alzheimer's Care Instrument and Positive Aspects of Caregiving established convergent and divergent construct validity of rDMSS. Conclusion: The shortened 20-item rDMSS is a psychometrically valid instrument which can serve as a measure of dementia care strategy from the perspective of the caregiver in Singapore.
Cosine Siamese Models for Stance Detection

Fake news detection has received much attention since the 2016 United States Presidential election, where election outcomes are thought to have been inﬂuenced by the unregulated abundance of fake news articles. The recently released Fake News Challenge (FNC) aims to address the fake news problem by decomposing the problem into distinct NLP tasks, the ﬁrst of which is stance detection. We employ a neural architecture consisting of two homologous subnetworks for headline and body processing and a subsequent node for headline/body comparison and stance prediction. Head-lines and bodies are represented with a weighted bag-of-words combination of word vectors passed through a ReLU , where the weights are learned. Stance is quantiﬁed by computing the cosine similarity of these weighted bag-of-words representations, and the score is regressed to a relaxed, continuous label space in which the true discrete labels are posited to lie. Our model, which outperforms other recurrent methods, achieves an FNC score of 0.89 1 out of 1.00, a 0.10 increase from the published 0.79 FNC baseline. The cosine similarity function induces a natural geometry among the learned headline and body representations, with unrelated inputs generally orthogonal to each other and agreeing inputs nearly collinear. Our ﬁndings implicate the importance of the optimization objective, as opposed to the architecture of the subnetwork models, to success in stance detection, echoing recent work demonstrating the competitiveness of weighted bag-of-words models for textual similarity tasks.
Datenstrom-Management für e-Science mit StreamGlobe

Aktuelle Forschungsaktivitaten im Bereich der Datenstromverarbeitungssysteme untermauern die zunehmende Bedeutung von Datenstromen, etwa im Kontext von Sensornetzwerken und im Bereich e-Science. Mit der zunehmenden weltweiten Vernetzung experimentell arbeitender Wissenschaftler ist die Entwicklung von Datenstrom-ManagementSystemen (DSMS) zur Informationsgewinnung aus im Netz veroffentlichten Messdaten zu einer grosen Herausforderung geworden. In dieser Arbeit beschreiben wir die adaptive Anfragebearbeitung und Optimierung im Rahmen unseres StreamGlobe Projekts, das sich effiziente Anfragebearbeitung auf Datenstromen in verteilten, heterogenen Umgebungen zum Ziel setzt.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: molecular recognition at the single molecule level

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a fluorescence microscopy technique that allows the study of molecular interactions in extremely low volumes, at nanomolar concentrations, even when binding is not accompanied by a fluorescence change. It can be applied directly in living cells. FCS clearly considerably extends the possibilities of the classical techniques used in molecular recognition studies and can be considered to belong to a growing group of techniques that allow detection at the single molecule level. In this review, several applications of FCS, both in vitro and in vivo, will be discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microassembly of 3-D microstructures using a compliant, passive microgripper

This paper describes a novel microassembly system that can be used to construct out-of-plane three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures. The system makes use of a surface-micromachined microgripper that is solder bonded to a robotic manipulator. The microgripper is able to grasp a micropart, remove it from the chip, reorient it about two independent axes, translate it along the x, y and z axes to a secondary location, and join it to another micropart. In this way, out-of-plane 3-D microstructures can be assembled from a set of initially planar and parallel surface micromachined microparts. The microgripper is 380 /spl times/ 410 /spl mu/m in size. It utilizes three geometric features for operation: 1) compliant beams to allow for deflection at the grasping tips; 2) self-tightening geometry during grasping; and 3) 3-D interlocking geometry to secure a micropart after the grasp. Each micropart has three geometric features built into its body. The first is the interlock interface feature that allows it to be grasped by the microgripper. The second is a tether feature that secures the micropart to the substrate, and breaks away after the microgripper has grasped the micropart. The third is the snap-lock feature, which is used to join the micropart to other microparts.
On the role of junctional cholinesterase in determining the time course of the end‐plate current.

1. The effect of membrane potential on the half‐time (t1/2) of the falling phase of the end‐plate current was studied both in the absence and the presence of anticholinesterase. 2. In absence of anticholinesterase the relation between log t1/2 and membrane potential was linear at negative, and not linear at positive levels of membrane potential. This relation was not affected by the quantity of the released transmitter. 3. In presence of an irreversible anticholinesterase the relation between log t1/2 and membrane potential was shifted towards higher values of log t1/2. This shift could be counteracted by decreasing the quantity of the released transmitter. 4. It is concluded that in presence of anticholinesterase the decay of the end‐plate current is slowed down because in this experimental condition the elimination of transmitter from the synaptic cleft is slowed down. 5. These observations were made in muscles bathed in Tris‐HCl buffered Ringer solution. If a phosphate buffered Ringer solution was used, the relation between log t1/2 and membrane potential was linear throughout the range of membrane potentials studied. The reason why different buffers give different results is not clear and should be further studied.
Isolation and electron microscopic observations of intracytoplasmic inclusions containing Chlamydia psittaci

Intracytoplasmic inclusions containing Chlamydia psittaci were isolated by a newly established method. Infected L-cells at 20 h after infection were suspended in 0.25 M sucrose-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer containing ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid, homogenized in a Dounce tissue grinder, and filtered through a 2,000-mesh screen. Isolated inclusions were stabilized in 5% bovine serum albumin in 10 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer. Electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of surface projections on the vegetative, reticulate bodies and a direct connection between the reticulate bodies and the inclusion membrane by means of projections.
Adaptive M-QAM for Indoor Wireless Environments : Rate & Power Adaptation

This letter presents a detailed study for indoor wireless environments, where transmit power, rate and target bit error rate (BER) are varied to increase spectral efficiency. The study is conducted for the recently proposed joint fading and two-path shadowing (JFTS) channel model, which is shown to be accurate for modeling non-Gaussian indoor WLAN environments. Analysis is done for both average and instantaneous BER constraints without channel coding, where only a discrete finite set of constellations is available. Numerical results show that, for a JFTS channel i) varying only the transmission rate (modulation constellation size) achieves more improvement in spectral efficiency compared to varying transmit power only, and ii) varying rate and/or power subject to instantaneous BER (IBER) constraint offers better performance than when subject to average BER (A-BER) constraint.
Enhancement of sensor deployment Using Interactive Artificial bee colony algorithm

IABC(Interactive artificial bee colony algorithm) is used for sensor deployment.IABC algorithm will perform better than that of artifial bee colony algorithm(ABC) and particle swarm optimization(PSO). In this paper,compare the IABC and ABC algorithm.IABC algorithm improve the network lifetime of node by finding the best position for the nodes.There are three bees in IABC which are employed bee and onlooker bee.Employed bee provides the neighborhood of the source in its memory.The onlooker bee select the food source.A heuristic is used for the scheduling of sensor nodes which will maximizes the network lifetime.IABC outperforms than that of ABC algorithm.IABC algorithm mainly used for solving optimization problems.
Characterization and propagation of uncertainty in diffusion‐weighted MR imaging

A fully probabilistic framework is presented for estimating local probability density functions on parameters of interest in a model of diffusion. This technique is applied to the estimation of parameters in the diffusion tensor model, and also to a simple partial volume model of diffusion. In both cases the parameters of interest include parameters defining local fiber direction. A technique is then presented for using these density functions to estimate global connectivity (i.e., the probability of the existence of a connection through the data field, between any two distant points), allowing for the quantification of belief in tractography results. This technique is then applied to the estimation of the cortical connectivity of the human thalamus. The resulting connectivity distributions correspond well with predictions from invasive tracer methods in nonhuman primate. Magn Reson Med 50:1077–1088, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
After Effect of Seen Movement: Evidence for Peripheral and Central Components

Three experiments showed that the movement after-effect (MAE) contains both peripheral and central components. In Experiment I, the left eye viewed a sectored disc rotating to the left, and the right eye viewed a disc rotating to the right, on corresponding retinal areas. Result: when each eye in turn then viewed a stationary disc, the left eye saw a MAE to the right, and the right eye a MAE to the left. These MAEs must be peripheral. In Experiment II, it was arranged that the movement information was shared out between the eyes, using a ring of lights which were switched on and off to give rotating phi movement. It was arranged that each eye on its own saw a random flashing oscillation but the two eyes together saw rotation anticlockwise. Result: a clockwise MAE was seen, which must be central. In Experiment III, the switching programme was modified to arrange that now each eye on its own saw rotation clockwise, but the two eyes together saw rotation anticlockwise. Result: a clockwise MAE was seen, which must be central. (Peripheral MAEs from each eye on its own would have been anticlockwise.)