Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Satellite radar imagery for monitoring inland wetlands in boreal and sub‐arctic environments

1. Knowledge about the distribution and types of wetlands is in high demand by ecosystem modellers for full greenhouse gas accounting. The scope of this paper is to demonstrate the suitability of satellite radar data for the delineation of wetlands in the tundra and boreal forest biomes of central Siberia. 2. An area of more than 3 million km2 in central Siberia was investigated using satellite data. It covers freshwater ecosystems of the tundra and non-forested peatlands in tundra and boreal forest biomes. The satellite data represent the growing seasons of 2003/2004. 3. Microwave data were acquired by the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument onboard ENVISAT. The multi-temporal capabilities and resolution (150 m × 150 m in WS mode) of the ASAR wide swath mode enabled the detection of dynamic features >2 ha over this vast area. Scatterometer (QuikScat) data could be employed to distinguish hydro-periods. 4. Wetland types have been identified on the basis of seasonal changes in backscatter. In a first step scatterometer data were used to identify the transition period from frozen to unfrozen conditions over a range of 15° latitude. Inundation patterns and soil moisture changes could be identified for the different hydro-periods and used to classify wetlands. Results for peatlands have been compared with Russian forest inventory data which contain information on wetland distribution. 5. The database of permanently inundated areas is an intermediate product which enables the mapping of wetlands in two ways: (1) identification of seasonal inundation in relation to snowmelt and high permafrost tables and (2) input for density analysis of permanent small and shallow lakes in tundra areas which are important freshwater ecosystems as well as a methane source. Differences in intensity and duration of soil moisture conditions allow the identification of peatlands. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival of Epidemic, Clinical, Faecal and Recreational Beach Enterococci Strains with Putative Virulence Genes in Marine and Fresh Waters

Culturable faecal coliform, epidemic, clinical, faecal and recreational beach enterococci strains possessing putative virulence genes were enumerated over the course of 5 weeks to comparatively assess their persistence in tropical marine and fresh waters. For the clinical and epidemic strains tested, it took 2.38 ± 0.45 days for a 1-log reduction (T90) in marine water. A higher T90 average of 2.51 ± 0.08 was observed for the commensal and environmental strains. Generally, lower T90 values of 2.14 ± 0.26 and 2.15 ± 0.16 days respectively were observed for hospital and community acquired enterococci strains in fresh water mesocosms subjected to tropical ambient temperature. Beach water enterococci and enterococci recovered from faeces of humans survived for up to 20 days and 23 days respectively in fresh and marine waters. The epidemic strain, MMH594, an esp-positive clinical bacteremia isolate that previously caused multiple infections in a hospital ward outbreak fares favourably well in tropical marine and fresh aquatic environments. For enterococci, the decay rate was approximately 13% higher in fresh water than was observed for marine water. On the contrary, for E. coli, the decay rate was approximately 17% lower in fresh water than was observed in marine water. Generally, the whole, the population trends of E. coli and enterococci in fresh and marine water mesocosms did not reveal any evidence of growth. Our findings suggest that potentially pathogenic bacteria can resume active growth after three weeks of being harboured by the reservoir-beach sand and still pose threat to public health.
Maize lipids play a pivotal role in the fumonisin accumulation

The role of lipids in maize – Fusarium verticillioides interaction and fumonisin production in natural field conditions were investigated. In 2010, ten maize hybrids were grown in fields located in 3 districts in Northern Italy and sampled at 4 growing stages, from early dough to full ripe. Chemical composition, fungal incidence and free and hidden fumonisin contamination were determined in all grain samples. All the hybrids considered within this study showed a strong fungal incidence, with Fusarium section Liseola as prevalent, already at the early dough maturity and along the ripening period. Fumonisins accumulated over the growing season and reached the maximum level at the full ripe stage; hidden fumonisins were found significant in all the considered samples (~57% of the free form at harvest). Hybrid H9 showed more than 50% of kernels infected by Aspergillus flavus and no hidden fumonisins were detected. This finding stresses the relevance of monitoring both free and total fumonisins for a comprehen.
Comparative analysis of salmonella typhi by rRNA gene restriction and phage typing

Phage typing and ribotyping were used to analyze 19 isolates of Salmonella typhi from sporadic cases and two outbreaks of typhoid fever in Malaysia in 1987 and 1990. The two outbreaks were associated with phage types D1 and E1 in Penang and Alor Setar respectively, and phage types D1, E1 and A (with 3 untypeable isolates) were present among the sporadic cases. Ribotyping detected 14 ribotypes among the 19 isolates thus establishing its higher discriminative capacity compared to phage typing. The outbreak isolates were more homogeneous by ribotyping and the data also suggested that one outbreak was propagated, multi-focal in nature (Penang) while another was a point- source traceable to a single event (Alor Setar).
Analyses of 8-Methyldeoxyadenosine and 8-Methyldeoxyguanosine as Markers of Free Radical-mediated DNA Methylation in Mouse

3Correspondence to: Hiroshi Kasai, Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan. Tel: +81-93-691-7469, Fax: +81-93-601-2199, E-mail: h-kasai@med.uoeh-u.ac. jp 4Present address: Department of Science & Education, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, 305 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China doi: org/10.3123/jemsge.35. 5 Genes and Environment, Vol. 35, No. 1 pp. 5–9 (2013)
Regulation of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases α and ε by Calpain-mediated Proteolytic Cleavage*

The precise subcellular localization of non-receptor tyrosine phosphatases is a major factor in regulating their physiological functions. We have previously shown that cellular processing of protein-tyrosine phosphatase ε (PTPε) generates a physiologically distinct, cytoplasmic form of this protein, p65 PTPε. Here we describe a novel protein form of the related receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase α (RPTPα), p66 PTPα, which is detected in nearly all cell types where RPTPα is expressed. Both p66 PTPα and p65 PTPε are produced by calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavagein vivo. Cleavage is inhibited in living cells by a variety of calpain inhibitors, can be induced in primary cortical neurons treated with calcium chloride, and is observed in lysates of brain or of cultured cells following addition of purified calpain. Cleavage occurs within the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of RPTPα, releasing the phosphatase catalytic domains from their membranal anchors and translocating them to the cytoplasm. Translocation reduces the ability of PTPα to act on membrane-associated substrates, as it loses its ability to dephosphorylate Src at its C-terminal regulatory site, and its ability to dephosphorylate the Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channel is severely impaired. In all, the data indicate that control of phosphatase function via post-translational processing occurs also among receptor-type phosphatases, and demonstrate the molecular complexity of regulating these parameters within the PTPα/PTPε phosphatase subfamily.
Epiphytes: photosynthesis, water balance and nutrients

Epiphytes are plants adapted to living in the canopy and can be classified as facultative, hemiepiphytes or obligatory depending n the period spent in the canopy and if the species also occur as soil-rooted plants. Epiphytes are subjected to same environmental pressures as soil-rooted plants, such as demand water, light and nutrients, although environmental fluctuation tend to be more frequent. Epiphytes do not show any exclusive photosynthesis pathway, even though CAM is relatively common within this group, specially among orchids. In general, epiphytes are slow growing plants with high water use efficiency. This trait can be less competitive in environments with more favorable conditions where competition is more pronounced. Yet, among other epiphytes the vegetative growth phase coincides with the rain season. These plants can spend as much as 1.000g water per gram of organic matter produced, whereas among plants with high water use efficiency typical rates are 100:1. This variety of strategies demonstrates that, as in soil-rooted plants, a more parsimonious use of water does not necessarily represent the best mechanism to compromise water economy and growth.
An integrative approach to species discrimination in the Eupelmus urozonus complex (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae), with the description of 11 new species from the Western Palaearctic

The systematics of the European species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) belonging to the ‘urozonus‐complex’ is elucidated through combined molecular and morphological characterization. One mitochondrial gene fragment (Cytochrome oxidase I) and one nuclear protein‐coding gene fragment (Wingless) were sequenced and the results compared with those of a detailed morphological study of the specimens from an extensive sampling. Knowledge of the biodiversity of Eupelmus in the Western Palearctic Region is significantly improved through the separation and description of 11 new species: E. (Eupelmus) confusus Al khatib sp.n. , E. gemellus Al khatib sp.n. , E. janstai Delvare & Gibson sp.n. , E. longicalvus Al khatib & Fusu sp.n. , E. minozonus Delvare sp.n. , E. opacus Delvare sp.n. , E. pistaciae Al khatib sp.n. , E. priotoni Delvare sp.n. , E. purpuricollis Fusu & Al khatib sp.n. , E. simizonus Al khatib sp.n. and E. tremulae Delvare sp.n. Illustrated keys to females and, when known, males of these new 11 species plus the other already described species considered to belong to the ‘urozonus‐complex’ (E. acinellus Askew, E. annulatus Nees, E. azureus Ratzeburg, E. cerris Förster, E. fulvipes Förster, E. kiefferi De Stefani, E. martellii Masi, E. stenozonus Askew, E. tibicinis Bouček and E. urozonus Dalman) are provided and all the species are described based on morphology. Eupelmus kiefferi is removed from synonymy under E. urozonus and E. azureus is recognized as the valid senior synonym of Pteromalus cordairii Ratzeburg, and Eupelmus spongipartus Förster, syn.n. The discrimination of the species included in this complex is particularly relevant because some are potential biological control agents and have been confused in the past.
BORON PARTICLE IGNITION AND THE MARANGONI EFFECT

The use of boron as a high-energy fuel additive is generally compromised by the appearance of a strongly protective liquid oxide layer that covers the boron surface. The paper predicts that for ambient temperatures well below 1820 K this surface layer can be destabilized by the Marangoni effect, due to the peculiarity of boron oxide for which the Marangoni numbers are positive. To show the destabilization, a thin-film model is employed that allows the oxide flow field to be derived in the creeping-flow approximation. Ignition, assisted by a heat flow toward the particle, may then be caused by the Marangoni effect, which is shown to entail the spreading of punctures and ruptures in the oxide layer, leading to layer thinning or even complete layer removal. Since previous models of boron particles ignition insisted on conservation of symmetry, they were forced to expressly exclude the treatment of punctures and ruptures in the layer because their appearance constitutes an act of symmetry breaking.
Circadian patterns of antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in daytime food restricted rats

Temporal restricted feeding acts as a potent synchronizer of peripheral oscillators which has influences on light-entrained rhythms via the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In this study, we investigated the influences of daytime food restriction (08:00 to 20:00 h) on the circadian oscillations of circulatory thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutothione-S-transferase (GST) in male Wistar rats for 21 days. The characteristics of 24 h variations (acrophase, amplitude and mesor) of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants were analyzed. Reduced lipid peroxidation (decreased mesor of TBARS) associated with increased antioxidant activities (increased mesor of CAT, GPX, SOD and GST) and altered acrophase, amplitude and ‘r’ values were found in daytime food restricted rats compared to normal rats. These circadian alterations during daytime food restriction may be due to altered (1) sleep–wake cycle, (2) alterations in circadian endocrine profile and (3) alterations in circadian enzymatic and biochemical profile related to digestion, absorption and metabolism.
The Ethnic Russian as an Enemy of Islam: Frame Analysis of the Kavkaz Center News Agency (2001–2004)

Abstract Typically, when analysing contemporary Russian–Chechen conflicts, the relegation of the nationalist struggle to a secondary role by the religious battle waged by the North Caucasus insurgency is pinpointed as one of the fundamental differences between the First and Second War in Chechnya. This article discusses how it was reflected in one of the most important media of the Chechen Islamist insurgency: the Kavkaz Center. To this end, 2859 English language news items posted on the website during 2001–04 were reviewed using media frame analysis.
Concurrent Procedure of Primary Tumor Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultra- sound Combined with Navigational Bronchoscopy and Lymph Node Stage Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Lung Cancer Patients with Concomitant Peripheral and Mediastinal Lesions

Objective: Recently, transbronchial biopsy (TBB) using virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (TBB with VBN-EBUS-GS) has improved the diagnostic yield of small peripheral lung cancer (PLC). Owing to these procedures, the examination time of TBB for PLC has been shortened in our institution. Further, we have been performing TBB with VBN-EBUS-GS for PLC and EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for lymph node (LN) staging concurrently. However, an evaluation of these procedures performed concurrently has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this one-stage combined procedure. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 33 cases of lung cancer patients who underwent TBB with VBN-EBUS-GS for PLC and EBUS-TBNA for LN staging concurrently (one-stage procedure) and 31 cases where the procedures were performed on two days (two-stage procedure) from January 2012 to May 2016. The primary endpoints were the diagnostic accuracy of PLC, total number of LNs sampled, and number of LN stations punctured. Results: Between the oneand two-stage procedures, patient characteristics, diagnostic accuracy (78.8% vs. 87.1%, p=0.512), and the median number of LN stations punctured (1.0 LN station vs. 1.0 LN station, p=0.218) were not significantly different. Total examination time (41.0 min vs. 52.0 min, p<0.001) and the median dose of midazolam per procedure (2.0 mg vs. 2.5 mg. p=0.013) were significantly different between the groups. There were three complications overall. Conclusion: The one-stage procedure seemed to be equally effective and safer.
Introduction to Security Protocols for Sensor Network

 Abstract — Wireless sensor networks will be widely deployed in the near future. While much research has focused on making these networks feasible and useful, security has received little attention. We present a suite of security protocols optimized for sensor networks: SPINS. SPINS has two secure building blocks: SNEP and TESLA. SNEP includes: data con dentiality, two party data authentication, and evidence of data freshness. We implemented the above protocols, and show that they are practical even on minimal hardware . the performance of the protocol suite easily matches the data rate of our network. Additionally, we demonstrate that the suite can be used for building higher level protocols.
The effect of Uncinula necator (powdery mildew) and Botrytis cinerea infection of grapes on the levels of haze‐forming pathogenesis‐related proteins in grape juice and wine

Powdery mildew on Chardonnay grapes resulted in increased levels of a grape thaumatin-like protein, VvTL2, in the free run juice compared to that from uninfected grapes. These increased levels persisted through winemaking and at the highest level of infection (> 30% of bunches infected) had a significant impact on the haziness in the wine following a heat test. Infection of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes (1-20% of bunches infected) did not affect the protein concentration of free run juice, and only traces of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins remained detectable in the Cabernet Sauvignon wines from either infected or healthy grapes. In contrast, infection of Chardonnay or Semillon grapes by Botrytis cinerea in the vineyard resulted in decreased levels of all PR proteins in the free run juice and in a total protein extract from infected berries compared to that from uninfected grapes. Similar trends were observed when B. cinerea was grown in the laboratory on surface-sterilised berries or in filter-sterilised juice.
MiKe: Algorithm for Mining Keyphrases

: The main challenge in mining from presentation slides lies in the fact that slides already contain key-words and keyphrases. A presentation mining system needs a keyphrase extraction algorithm that is able to mine the keywords/keyphrases in the slides and reorganize them from sequential to network-based while keeping the relationships within slides intact. This paper introduces a new keyphrase extraction algorithm called MiKe that extracts keyphrases from a collection of presentation slides and reconstruct the keyphrases into mind map-like visualization output. The descriptions include application of MiKe to a case study that illustrates the ﬂow of MiKe in a presentation mining system.
MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE RESOURCES IN AN UNSTABLE

Innovative resources and their management are of key importance for innovation 6 performance and thus for achieving competitive advantages, especially in an unstable period. 7 To a large extent, it results from the risky nature of innovative activities and translates into 8 innovation performance and the processes of selecting companies on the market. The purpose 9 of this paper is to analyse changes in the knowledge resource management, innovation 10 performance and their diversification across Polish manufacturing firms in unstable 11 environment, i.e., during the period of world financial crisis. We study changes in the use of 12 knowledge resources, innovation performance and selection of innovative firms that have 13 introduced innovations within three out of five Polish Community Innovation Survey waves 14 (2004-2014). We analysed 32 types of knowledge resources used by innovative firms. 15 The paper shows that the changes in the use of knowledge resource by innovative firms 16 accompanies changes in their innovation performance and results in a selection process between 17 innovative firms on the regional and macroeconomic level. The strong drop in the use of 18 innovation resources and innovation performance of competing firms accompanied the 19 improvement in innovation performance of the newcomers. 20
Multifamily Rental Housing and Naturally Occurring Affordability-The Investor Perspective∗

Housing unaffordability is becoming a key driver of poverty and low economic growth across urban areas worldwide. Multifamily rental housing (MFRH) plays a major role in providing rental accommodation in urban areas in the US and can help alleviate naturally occuring unaffordability. Given its importance in the economy and the high institutional ownership in the sector, it is surprising that so little is known about the financial performance of MFRH in comparison to single family owner-occupied housing. This paper is the first to provide property-level analysis of MFRH financial performance and its dependence of local levels of housing affordability. We construct four different measures of naturally occurring housing affordability at the zip code level rent burden, rent affordability, home affordability, eviction rate. Using a large sample of securitized loan level data on multifamily properties across the US from 2003 to 2016 and combining it with census tract data, we explain three performance indicators at the property level occupancy rate, capitalization (cap) rate and loan delinquency. We find that a building located in an affordable zip code is associated with a significantly higher cap rate. The transmission occurs through a loan channel since only properties for which the financing is associated with high loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, low mortgage rate or no previous delinquency show the significant positive relationship. In terms of occupancy rates, a property located in a less affordable area in terms of rents would be associated with a higher occupancy rate only if at the same time the area has high median house prices or income levels. For areas with low income, rent affordability has no significant effect on occupancy rates. This may be due to positive externalities making wealthy areas more desirable places to rent. Above results reveal that investors ∗Baruch College, CUNY. Address: William Newman Department of Real Estate, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College/CUNY, 137 East 22nd Street, Box C-406, New York, NY 10010; email: meagan.mccollum@baruch.cuny. edu. University College London. Address: Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB; email: s.milcheva@ucl.ac. uk.