Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heritability of Plant Architecture in Diploid Roses (Rosa spp.)

Plant architecture is a crucial trait in plant breeding because it is linked to crop yield. For ornamental crops such as roses, plant architecture is key for their aesthetic and economic value. In 2015, six rose plant architectural traits were evaluated on 2- to 3-year-old plants of F1 rose populations in May and December in College Station, TX, to estimate variability and heritability. The traits included plant height, the number of primary shoots, the length of primary shoots, the number of nodes on the primary shoot, the number of secondary shoots per primary shoot, and the number of tertiary shoots per primary shoot. Among these traits, plant height, the number of primary shoots, and the length of primary shoots showed a substantial amount of variability, whereas the number of secondary and tertiary shoots per primary shoot were skewed toward zero. Using a random effects model restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis, the architectural traits demonstrated low to moderate narrow-sense heritability (0.12–0.50) and low to high broad-sense heritability (0.34–0.92). Plant height and the number of primary shoots changed little after the first growth phase, whereas the other four traits were affected greatly by the genotype-by-environment (growth phase) interaction.
Rapid growth/development as the role of microchromosomes and chromocenters of birds

Bird karyotypes consist of a small number of macrochromosomes and a much larger number of microchromosomes; the functions of the latter have hitherto been unclear. Our previous investigations have indicated that heterochromatin, in the form of chromocenters and chromosome dots, may be responsible for rapid cell division, increased growth, regeneration, increased size and biomass, and the development of malignancies in various organisms. These findings prompted us to propose the hypothesis that the rapid growth and development of newly-hatched birds is caused by their large number of microchromosomes and chromocenters. As a result, we are proposing the idea that the primary function of microchromosomes in birds, and possibly other organisms, is to enhance the rate of cell division. This would explain, ultimately, the rapid rate of growth and development of newly hatched birds; it would also resolve, possibly, the enigma of the function of microchromosomes. Acknowledgments : We wish to thank Sir David Attenborough, CH, FRS for his valuable information on the growth and development rates of birds and lemmings. We also appreciate the help and expertise of Dr Ira F Greenbaum, Department of Biology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA for information on the karyotype of the Collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus.
Measurement of the inclusive ν µ charged current cross section on carbon in the near detector of the T2K experiment

T2K has performed the ﬁrst measurement of ν µ inclusive charged current interactions on carbon at neutrino energies of ∼ 1 GeV where the measurement is reported as a ﬂux-averaged double diﬀerential cross section in muon momentum and angle. The ﬂux is predicted by the beam Monte Carlo and external data, including the results from the NA61/SHINE experiment. The data used for this measurement were taken in 2010 and 2011, with a total of 10 . 8 × 10 19 protons-on-target. The analysis is performed on 4485 inclusive charged current interaction candidates selected in the most upstream ﬁne-grained scintillator detector of the near detector. The ﬂux-averaged total cross section is h σ CC i φ = (6 . 91 ± 0 . 13( stat ) ± 0 . 84( syst )) × 10 − 39 cm 2 nucleon for a mean neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV.
A Review on Multi-Port Bidirectional Isolated and Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters for Renewable Applications

To provide a sustainable energy infrastructure, the need for renewable energy development is necessary and we need to develop a multi-port bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies to control the power flow among the modules such as photo voltaic (PV), batteries, energy storage systems (ESS), load, and grid. This paper discusses the various bidirectional isolated and non-isolated DC-DC converter topologies, that are helpful to regulate the power flow in both directions and the high frequency of an isolated transformer between the source and the load. Which leads to many advantages such as safety, flexibility to establish new modules, electromagnetic isolation, high gain, and the ability to transfer large amount of power density. An isolated high-frequency bidirectional dual active bridge power converter is presented to control the power flow in multi-port DC distribution network. Major findings and remarks on the bidirectional isolated and non-isolated DC-DC converters are presented and also the comparison of bidirectional DC-DC converters is presented.
A new class of chemotactic peptides containing EWS motif: A mini-review

In this paper we describe the solid phase synthesis and chemical characterisation of oligopeptides corresponding to the IL-6 receptor (EWS, SEWS, WSEWS, EWSEWS and GEWSEWS) and two 19 member libraries (SXWS and WSXWS). Comparative analysis of the chemotactic properties of these compounds resulted in the identification of a highly active chemoattractant, peptide SEWS, which exhibits a prominent effect (660 ± 21%) at 10 -12 M on a ciliated protozoon, Tetrahymena pyriformis. We found that the chemotaxis of cells induced with the SXWS and WSXWS peptides varied according to the nature of the amino acid residue (Ala, Asp, Lys) in position X. Ligand-binding experiments with N-terminally labelled fluorescent derivatives of SXWS peptides, applying [4-[7-hydroxycoumaryl]]acetic acid (Hca-OH) or 4-ethoxymethylene-2-[1]-naphthyl-5(4H)-oxazolone (naOx-OEt) showed good correlation between binding profiles and chemotactic responsiveness (SEWS >SAWS > SDWS ∼ SKWS). Chemotactic responsiveness and the binding characteristics data indicate that chemosensory activity is a surface-membrane associated event, and it is based on receptor-mediated signalling mechanisms.
A facile synthesis and study of photocatalytic properties of magnetic CaFe2O4-CeO2 nanocomposites applicable for separation of toxic azo dyes

At the first step calcium ferrite nanostructures were synthesized via a facile precipitation method in the presence of green and compatible capping agent such as starch, poly vinyl pyrrolidone and glucose in solvent of water. Then cerium oxide nanoparticles and CaFe2O4-CeO2 nanocomposites was made by a fast chemical procedure. The effect of temperature in nanoparticles and nanocomposites concentration and precipitating agent on the morphology and particle size of the products was investigated. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Also the crystalline size of nanoparticles was calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) shows the ferromagnetic property of the ferrite nanostructures. The photocatalytic behaviour of CaFe2O4-CeO2 nanocomposites was evaluated using the degradation of three azo dyes (acid black, acid violet and acid blue) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The results introduce a nanocomposite with applicable magnetic and photocatalytic performance.
Molluscs on subtidal cliffs: patterns of spatial distribution

The distribution of molluscan assemblages across and along a vertical rocky cliff near Otranto (southern Adriatic Sea, Italy) was studied. Sampling was undertaken in May and November 2000 at three sites approximately 100 m apart. Three depths (5, 15, 25 m) were sampled at each site, by scraping off three replicate 20×20 cm quadrats. Samples yielded 6722 specimens, referred to as 133 species. Multivariate analyses showed that the structure of the assemblages significantly differed among depths with a clear gradient of distribution from shallow to deep stands. However, a considerable variation in the structure of the assemblage was also observed among sites at each of the three depths. The species contributing most to characterize depths and/or differentiating sites at each level of the shore were identified. Some potential causes of the observed differences are discussed.
Myofiber characteristics and eating quality of three major muscles from Chinese Simmental cattle

Abstract: Myofiber characteristics, R values, and eating quality were studied in Longissimus thoracis (LT), Psoas major (PM), and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles that had been excised from 10 Chinese Simmental bulls. The diameters of type I, IIA, and IIB fibers in PM are the smallest, and the percentage of type I, IIA, and IIB fibers is highest in PM, LT, and ST, respectively. R248 and R250 values are higher in PM than in LT and ST. R248 and R258 are negatively correlated to the proportion of type IIA fibers and positively correlated to the area percentage of type I fibers. PM has a lower Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and hardness values compared with LT and ST. Semitendinosus has a higher L* value than PM. WBSF, hardness, and h values are positively correlated with the diameter of all three fiber types. Warner–Bratzler shear force has a negative relationship with the percentage of type I fibers, while WBSF and hardness are positively correlated with the area percentage of type IIB fibers. The results demonstrate that the muscle fiber type influences postmortem metabolic rate and meat quality of Chinese Simmental cattle. An increase in the percentage of type I fibers and a decrease in the percentage of type IIB fibers correspond to an improvement in meat quality.
Twelve new ant-dispersed species from the southern Appalachians

GADDY, L. L. (Consulting Biologist, Route 1, Box 223, Walhalla, S. C. 29691). Twelve new ant-dispersed species from the southern Appalachians. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 113:247-251. 1986-Through the use of "cafeteria" experiments with the diaspores of 17 herbaceous species and with 3 species of ants, 12 southern Appalachian herbs, unreported as myrmecochores, were found to be ant-dispersed. The 12 species included three species of the genus Carex and Scleria triglomerata (Cyperaceae), three species of Panicum (Poaceae), two species of Hexastylis (Aristolochiaceae), Chrysogonum virginianum var. au.strale (Asteraceae), Disporum lanuginosum (Lilaeaceae), and Galium circaezans (Rubiaceae). Here, myrmecochory is reported for the first time in the genera Galium and Panicum. The structure of the elaiosome in each species is also discussed. Galium circeazans and Disporum lanuginosum seem to have elaiosomes that are structurally different from any that have been heretofore described.
Chitosan Suppresses Antioxidant Enzyme Activities for Mitigating Salt Stress in Mungbean Varieties

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan on the antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content in four Mungbean varieties (BARI Mung3, BARI Mung6, BINA Mung5 & BINA Mung8) under salinity. Each pot having eight kilograms of soil was ready to grow three plants of each variety. The experiment was comprised with four different conditions in triplicates viz. control, saline (40mM Nacl, 25DAS), saline+chitosan (25ppm chitosan, 30DAS on saline condition) and chitosan (25ppm chitosan on control condition). Seed collections was done at 60 DAS followed by data analysis. Protein content (using H2SO4, CuSO4, K2SO4 & selenium in Kjeldahl method), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) (using potassium phosphate buffer, EDTA, H2O2, ascorbate, guaicol) were measured accordingly. Salinity enhanced antioxidant enzyme (CAT (maximum 2.47 mM/ml in BARI Mung3), POD (maximum 0.406 mM/ml in BARI Mung6) and APX (maximum 11.99mM/ml in BINA Mung8)) activities compare to control groups in all four varieties. On the other hand, the significant reduction in protein content during salt stress was drastically increased with chitosan application. However, chitosan played an outstanding stimulating role to reduce antioxidant enzyme activities by scavenging ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). Therefore, it is suggested that chitosan could be an effective biostimulator to avoid the salinity stress by scavenging ROS.
Reproductive biology of the freshwater shrimp Atya scabra (Leach, 1815) (Crustacea: Atyidae) in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.

Reproduction and population aspects of the freshwater shrimp Atya scabra in the Santana River, city of Ilheus, state of Bahia, Brazil, were studied from Apr. 2004 to May 2005. During these 14 mo, 3752 individuals were captured, with a sex ratio of 1.01 males for each female. The total number of individuals caught per month ranged 80-532. Males were generally larger than females. The smallest female found (5.40 mm in carapace length and 29.03 mm in total length) was ovigerous, which indicates that only adult individuals were caught. Ovigerous females were found every month, which indicates continuous reproduction and a high index of reproductive activity during the year. The highest reproduction indices were observed in May (94.3%) and Oct. (98.6%) 2004, and Mar. (93.7%) 2005. Fecundity ranged 870-8907 eggs, with a mean of 3811 (±1992.87) eggs per female. The size of the females and their fecundity were positively correlated. The distribution of individuals in length classes by month showed that representatives of smaller classes occurred throughout almost the entire study period. This indicates a constant input of individuals into the population, which corroborates the characterization of the reproductive period as being continuous, and explains the large numbers of ovigerous females found each month. The 2nd abdominal segment is proportionally larger in females than in males, in width, height, and pleural length: these female secondary characteristics are related to an increased incubation area for eggs.
Interseismic deformation along the Altyn Tagh Fault, Tibet: Implications for shallow creep

The 1600 km-long Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) is a major intra-continental strike-slip fault in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, the slip rate of which has significant implications for our understanding of the tectonic processes of the Tibetan Plateau region. The operational nature and radar characteristics of the Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission offers the potential for using Interferometric SAR (InSAR) to accurately constrain deformation along the entire ATF, which has been difficult to achieve with previous SAR sensors.
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna in Nevşehir and Niğdeprovinces with a new record from Turkey

: This study was based on fruit flies collected from Nevşehir and Niğde provinces in spring and summer of 2012–2013 in Turkey. During the study, samples were collected from host plants randomly or systematically by using an insect net. In the study, 59 species belonging to 17 genera from 4 subfamilies have been determined, and Urophora trinervii (Korneyev and White, 1996) has been recorded for the first time in Turkey. In addition, adult figures of the new record and wing figures of all species are given.
Efikasi Dua Jenis Ekstrak Tumbuhandan Kombonasi KeduanyaTerhadap Mortalitas Hama Ulat Bawang Merah Spodoptera exiguaHubn.(LEPIDOPTERA:NOCTUIDAE)

The aims of this experiment were to obtain the effective and efficient concentrations of two kinds of plant extracts applied in single or in combination on the mortality of Spodoptera exiqua larva and to determine the LC50 value. This experiment used completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely A (K1 = 0.25%), B (K2 = 0.50%), C (K3 = 0.75%), D (K4 = 1.00%) and E (K5 = 1.25%) and each treatment was replicated 3 times. Larva used was instar 3. Results of this experiment showed that in a single test of Sidondo plant (Vitex negundo L.) extract, the concentration of 1% was effective with the LC50 value at 0.10% and mortality reached 83.33%; and Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli) extract, the concentration of 1% was also effective with the LC50 value at 0.08% and mortality was upto 83.33%. Combination of Sidondo and Patah Tulang plant extracts with 0.50% each was an effective concentration with LC50 value at 0.09% and mortality of Spodoptera exigua larvae at 48 hours after application reached 83.33%.
Food properties and dietary habits in colorectal cancer prevention and development

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very common and lethal disease worldwide. The etiology of the disease includes genetic and environmental factors. Among environmental factors, the dietary habits are considered to be easily changeable regarding preventing the CRC. Although there is still a long road to cover the gaps in knowledge on nutritional determinants and the dietary pattern on the CRC risk, several dietary suggestions and goals could be summarized. Diets high in energy, consumption of red meat or processed meat, food with a high glycemic index (carbohydrates, snack food, frying fast food, and sugar-sweetened drinks, sweets), exceed intake of salt (NaCl), low daily water intake (<4 cups per day) have been linked to an increased CRC risk. In contrast, consumption of white meat, as well as plant and fish oils with a high omega-3 PUFA to omega-6 PUFA ratio might even reduce the occurrence of CRC. A fiber-rich diet can lower the CRC risk up to 50%. Diet rich in vitamin B6, C, D, E, folic acid, selenium, and magnesium has also been considered to reduce the CRC risk. General unhealthy lifestyle which results in overweight and obesity-related syndromes (chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes) can promote CRC. However, in many cases, the results are inconsistent and depend on multiple interdependent factors, i.e., ethnic, anthropometric, gender, age, hormones, and environment. In addition to dietary habits, all these agents are suggested to modify the risk of CRC.
SHORT P APER Presence of Legionellaceae in warm water supplies and typing of strains by polymerase chain reaction

SUMMARY Outbreaks of Legionnaire’s disease present a public health challenge especially because fatal outcomes still remain frequent. The aim of this study was to describe the abundance and epidemiology of Legionellaceae in the human-made environment. Water was sampled from hotwater taps in private and public buildings across the area of Go$ ttingen, Germany, including distant suburbs. Following isolation, we used polymerase chain reaction in order to generate strain specific banding profiles of legionella isolates. In total, 70 buildings were examined. Of these 18 (26%) had the bacterium in at least one water sample. Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 4, 5 and 6 could be identified in the water samples. Most of the buildings were colonized solely by one distinct strain, as proven by PCR. In three cases equal patterns were found in separate buildings. There were two buildings in this study where isolates with dierent serogroups were found at the same time.
Diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilins and identification of a novel D-arabinofuranose post-translational modification.

The opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses type IV pili (T4P) for adherence to, and rapid colonization of, surfaces via twitching motility. T4P are formed from thousands of pilin (PilA) subunits. Two groups of P. aeruginosa pilins were described previously (I and II), distinguished by protein length and sequence. PilAI was glycosylated with an O-antigen subunit through the action of PilO/TfpO, encoded downstream of pilAI. To determine if additional pilin variants existed, analysis of the pilin locus of >300 P. aeruginosa strains from a variety of environments was conducted. Three additional pilin alleles were discovered, each of which was invariantly associated with a unique, previously unidentified, downstream gene(s): pilAIII+tfpY, pilAIV+tfpW+tfpX, pilAV+tfpZ. This survey also revealed that strains with group I T4P were more commonly associated with respiratory infections than strains with other pilins, suggesting that glycosylated T4P may confer a colonization advantage in this environment. The newly identified group IV pilin, represented by strain Pa5196, migrated aberrantly through SDS-PA gels, suggesting it was also glycosylated, a hypothesis confirmed by periodic acid-Schiff staining and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. Disruption of Pa5196 O-antigen biosynthesis did not prevent the production of glycosylated pilins, demonstrating that these pilins were modified in a novel manner, unlike group I pilins. Using MS, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis, the Pa5196 pilins were shown to be uniquely modified with homo-oligosaccharides of mycobacterial-like α-1,5-Darabinofuranose at multiple locations. Residues Thr64 and Thr66, located on the αβ-loop region of the protein, appear to be the preferred, but not exclusive sites of modification, each being modified with up to four D-Araf sugars. This region of the pilin is partially surfaceexposed in the pilus, therefore modification of these sites may influence the surface chemistry of the fibre. Residues Ser81, Ser82, Ser85 and Ser89, located in the β-strand
Screening of yeast diauxic promoters for production of foreign proteins

This study explored yeast diauxic promoters using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter to screen growth phase-controlled promoters applicable for foreign protein production. Twenty-five diauxic promoters were inserted into a yeast 2-micron vector in front of the reporter GFP gene. The expressed GFP signal intensity measurements showed that 23 out of the 25 promoters produced a significant fluorescent signal when the cells were in the diauxic growth phase. Among the two strongest promoters pYDL204W and pYLR258W, the former remained constantly active after its activation at the diauxic shift, whereas the latter was only transiently activated right after the deprivation of the medium glucose.
Detection of Two New Variants of Soybean Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor through Electrophoresis

In order to detect mobility variants of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) proteins, we developed a large slab gel method (18.5 cm long X 14.5 cm wide) of elec-trophoresis, and analyzed 173 cultivars of soybeans (Glycine max ) from Japan and China, and 62 populations of wild soybeans (G. soja ) collected from all over lwate Prefecture, Japan. As a result of this electrophoretic survey, two new mobility variants were discovered: a variant showing a slightly slower mobility than the Tia type (tentatively designated as Tia-s ) in a wild soybean line and another variant with a slightly faster mobility than the Tib type (tentatively designated as Tib-f) in a cultivated soybean variety. Transmissibility of this variation to consecutive generations was confirmed by parent-offspring tests and hybridization tests using the variants and/or the common types. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) test applied to these two variants revealed differences in the location of the isoelet-ric points in the gel. Significance of these discoveries was discussed.