Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controllable Neural Natural Language Generation: comparison of state-of-the-art control strategies

Most NLG systems target text fluency and grammatical correctness, disregarding control over text structure and length. However, control over the output plays an important part in industrial NLG applications. In this paper, we study different strategies of control in triple-totext generation systems particularly from the aspects of text structure and text length. Regarding text structure, we present an approach that relies on aligning the input entities with the facts in the target side. It makes sure that the order and the distribution of entities in both the input and the text are the same. As for control over text length, we show two different approaches. One is to supply length constraint as input while the other is to force the end-ofsentence tag to be included at each step when using top-k decoding strategy. Finally, we propose four metrics to assess the degree to which these methods will affect a NLG system’s ability to control text structure and length. Our analyses demonstrate that all the methods enhance the system’s ability with a slight decrease in text fluency. In addition, constraining length at the input level performs much better than control at decoding level.
ENZYMES ACTIVITY OF MICROPRAPAGATED ANTIGONON LEPTOPUS PLANT UNDER EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS

The micropropagation ability of Antigonon leptopus was investigated under different concentrations of NaCl (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/L). Two levels of Iron Oxid Nanoparticles (5 and 10 mg/L) was examined to mitigate the effect of salt stress on micropropagated plants. The results showed that NaCl at different concentrations significantly reduced in vitro recorded shoots and roots parameters (survival%, number of shootlets, shootlet length, number of leaves, rooting%, number and length of roots). Moreover, proline content and enzymes (GSH, SOD and Catalase) were increased with increasing NaCl concentration in the culture medium. In addition, adding Iron Oxide NPs to the culture medium showed positive effect for alleviating salt stress on the micropropagated plants. Undertaking there are no reports on the in vitro growth behavior of this important medical plant under salinity stress. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effect of salt stress on Antigonon leptopus plants and the possibility of using of Iron oxide nanoparticles to overcome these effects.
Modeling of an in-situ diffusion experiment in granite at the Grimsel Test Site

Matrix diffusion is a key process for radionuclide retention in crystalline rocks. Within the LTD project (Long-Term Diffusion), an in-situ diffusion experiment in unaltered non-fractured granite was performed at the Grimsel Test Site ( www.grimsel.com , Switzerland). The tracers included 3 H as HTO, 22 Na + , 134 Cs + and 131 I - with stable I - as carrier. The dataset (except for 131 I - because of complete decay) was analyzed with different diffusion-sorption models by different teams (NAGRA / IDAEA-CSIC, UJV-Rez, JAEA, Univ. Poitiers) using different codes, with the goal of obtaining effective diffusion coefficients ( D e ) and porosity ( ϕ ) or rock capacity ( α ) values. A Borehole Disturbed Zone (BDZ), which was observed in the rock profile data for 22 Na + and 134 Cs + , had to be taken into account to fit the experimental observations. The extension of the BDZ (1-2 mm) was about the same magnitude as the mean grain size of the quartz and feldspar grains. D e and α values for the different tracers in the BDZ are larger than the respective values in the bulk rock. Capacity factors in the bulk rock are largest for Cs + (strong sorption) and smallest for 3 H (no sorption). However, 3 H seems to display large α values in the BDZ. This phenomenon will be investigated in more detail in a second test starting in 2013.
Asymmetric Effect of Oil Price Volatility, Oil Price Revenue, and Some Other Macro-Economic Variables on Economic Growth

Globally, aside from the economic effect, the process of price fluctuation and high uncertainty associated with crude oil inclusively affects the gross domestic product, import bills, and inflation. The study evaluated the asymmetric effect of oil price volatility, oil price revenue, and some other macro-economic variables on economic growth. Secondary data were used for this study and were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and World Development Indicator from 1983 to 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive (Graphs and tables) and inferential statistics (Ordinary least square, Cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model, and Granger Causality Test) to evaluate the study hypothesis. The result of regression indicated that the calculated value related to probability (F (5, 31) = 175.60, Prob> F = 0.0000) and its adjusted value of R (0.9604), showed that oil price revenue (β =0.640034), foreign exchange (β =0.9539687) and oil price volatility (β =0.7080817) have a positive effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at p≤0.05. Moreover, the granger causality test indicated that there is independence or no causation among gross domestic product (LNGDP) and interest rate (LNINTR), oil price revenue (LNOPR), gross domestic product (LNGDP) oil price volatility (LNOPV), going by the p-values which are greater than 0.05 or 5% at a lag difference of 2. Finally, tstatistics, f-statistic, and chi-square of 2.107337, 4.440867, and 4.440867 with the probability value of 0.05, 0.05, and 0.0351 indicated that F-statistic probability value implies there is longrun asymmetry among the variables In conclusion, the finding of the analysis, therefore, showed a statistically asymmetric effect of oil price volatility, foreign exchange rate, and the interest rate on Nigeria's economic activities. This implies that macro-economic indicators performance such as interest rate, foreign exchange rate, and oil prices influenced economic growth and found out that increases in oil prices may depress the supply of other goods by raising their cost of production because prices of oil have a direct impact on the prices of goods produced from petroleum products. Based on the above result, it is recommended that the policymakers should reduce the pressure on exchange rates and interest rates by diversifying the economy to reduce the pressure on oil, which in turn promotes economic growth. Also, there should be a review of monetary policy by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) with the use of a contractionary monetary policy that would help to reduce the inflation rate.
Antioxidant response of Daphnia magna exposed to no. 20 diesel oil

Abstract This is the first report of the antioxidant response of Daphnia magna following a short-term response to the water soluble fractions of no. 20 diesel oil. Daphnia magna was exposed for 24h to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L diesel oil. Following this exposure, the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were induced significantly on the whole compared to control group; the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) were inhibited significantly on the whole; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) only responded to diesel oil exposure at the two highest exposure concentrations; the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) were greatly activated in Group 4; and the content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were induced at two different concentrations. Total glutathione (tGSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio were also calculated to analyze the occurrence of oxidative stress. In conclusion, CAT, GST and tGSH could be potential early warning signals for short-term effects of diesel oil in aquatic ecosystems, and further studies are needed.
Globalization and Postcolonial Nation in Malaysia: Theoretical Challenges and Historical Possibilities

With the conclusion of the Cold War and the advent of a neoliberal stage of capitalist expansion, it has been argued that national identifications have been increasingly replaced by emergent global modes of consciousness. Disagreements, however, abound over the historical role of the global. For some, it is seen as a subject of deterritorializing capital flows while for others, it supersedes nationalism and plays a central role in fighting the hegemony of modernist states and the excesses of neoliberal capitalism. Given these theoretical dilemmas, and the fact that nation-states have yet to disappear, the paper argues for a reorientation from pitting globalization against nationalism to their mutual constitution and reconstitution instead. With Malaysia as a case study, it argues that there is something substantive about nationalism and nationstate processes that demands a reconceptualization of nationalism and globalization. While the modern nation-state may be a political institution universalized via colonization and its consequences, its normative content and the mechanisms of nation-state building and national subject-making are never shaped by a wholesale adoption of the Western model. Rather, it is premised upon improvisations in response to contextual and material particularities of different societies. The article explores how alternative definitions and histories of national integration in multiethnic postcolonial societies such as Malaysia can become a first step towards reconsidering the concepts of nation
Design of an Efficient Gas Distribution System for a Fluidized Bed Dryer

Fluid bed dryers are commonly used to process granular solids. The design of the gas distributor has a significant impact on the performance of heat and mass transfer with or without chemical reactions in fluidized beds because it affects the quality of the fluidization obtained. In this work, an extensive study was carried out to design an optimal gas distribution system for a fluidized bed dryer. The air distribution chamber, also called a plenum chamber or gas chamber, was modified to obtain uniform air distribution across the bed cross section. Percentage maldistribution of the flow is considered as the basic evaluation parameter to quantify uniformity of the fluidizing gas distribution. Effects of various relevant design parameters such as the ratio of the orifice diameter to plate thickness (do/t), percentage free area, superficial gas velocity, etc., were examined experimentally and via modeling. The gas chamber was redesigned by inserting different types of packings in the chamber. In addition, the effect of height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) of the chamber on flow distribution was studied. Chambers of different H/D ratios and different air inlet nozzle diameters at various positions were examined to evaluate their effect on flow uniformity across the distributor. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of pertinent parameters on flow uniformity, which has a direct bearing on the quality of fluidization and hence heat and mass transfer rates obtained.
Saving the world from your couch: the heterogeneous medium-run benefits of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution

In Spring 2020, COVID-19 led to an unprecedented halt in public and economic life across the globe. In an otherwise tragic time, this provides a unique natural experiment to investigate the environmental impact of such a (temporary) ‘de-globalization’. Here, we estimate the medium-run impact of a battery of COVID-19 related lockdown measures on air quality across 162 countries, going beyond the existing short-run estimates from a limited number of countries. In doing so, we leverage a new dataset categorizing lockdown measures and tracking their implementation and release, extending to 31 August 2020. We find that domestic and international lockdown measures overall led to a decline in PM2.5 pollution by 45% and 35%, respectively. This substantial impact persists in the medium-run, even as lockdowns are lifted, there is, however, substantial heterogeneity across different types of lockdown measures, different countries, and different sources of pollution. We show that some country trajectories are much more appealing (with fewer COVID-19 casualties, less economic downturn and bigger pollution reductions) than others. Our results have important policy implications and highlight the potential to ‘build back better’ a sustainable economy where pollution can be curbed in a less economically costly way than during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An Algorithm For Evaluating Variation Of Cross Over And Mutation Operator In Genetic Algorithm (GAVCOMO)

: A Genetic Algorithm is a heuristic approach which has been inspired by Charles Darwin's theory of biological natural evolution. The algorithm works on the process where the most fitted individuals are selected for reproduction from the population to produce offspring of the next generation. There are a variety of optimization methods which have been applied in many subjects in which Genetic Algorithm is one of the optimization methods which have been used in software testing, Data mining, Neural Network fuzzy System and many more. One of the issues in utilizing Genetic Algorithm is which recombination operator gives the better results. The point of this paper is to show the impact recombination operator on the execution of Genetic Algorithm. This paper presents the comparative study of all types of crossover operators’ i.e. single point, multipoint and uniform. The mutation operator has also been taken to enhance the search space. In order to accomplish this aim Software testing has been taken as a subject area where the experiments have been done on C program for code testing. The crossover operator that has the best average performance has been taken for the creating the next generation.
i2MON-Integrated monitoring for the detection of ground and surface displacements caused by coal mining

i2MON joins highly recognized European institutions to develop an integrated monitoring service for identification and assessment of ground and slope movements related to coal mining. i2MON is an RFCS-funded research project with a duration of 4 years, which started in July 2018. The service comprises innovative monitoring tools including terrestrial laser and radar technology as well as spaceand airborne remote sensing. To understand the physical movement processes and in order to minimize mining impact, extensive predictive modelling will be directly integrated with the monitoring information. Finally merged into an integrated webbased system the service will substantially improve monitoring quality and costs and deliver the mining industry a key evaluation and decision-making instrument. The task of DMT and Mainz University of Applied Sciences in this project is to extend existing point-related sensor information (e.g. low-cost GNSS) with areal sensors. The focus here is on the use of a long-range laser scanning. Besides the integration of the scanner in a sensor network (data acquisition, data transfer), the focus is on the appropriate processing of the data. This means that according to the theoretical principles of deformation analysis, the focus is on a proper georeferencing of all sensors as well as a sophisticated stochastic model, so that systematic error influences and false alarms are minimized by an application-related modeling.
Educators‟ Attributions to the Prevalence of Non- Readers among Learners at Early Childhood Education (ECE) Level in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province

This research sought to establish educators’ attributions to the prevalence of non-readers among learners at ECE level in Khami district Bulawayo Metropolitan province. The study was guided by the theoretical framework of Attribution theory by Bernard Weiner. The mixed methods approach and case study with snowball sampling method were used to enable an in-depth exploration of primary schools teaching reading at ECE level. Open-ended questionnaires and structured interview guide were employed for generating data. The study revealed that there was a high prevalence of nonreaders among learners at ECE level in Khami district Bulawayo Metropolitan province. The study also revealed that the prevalence of non-readers among learners at ECE level was attributed to educators’ lack of knowledge on the child development theories, lack of psychology of reading, lack of clarity of ECE policy or circular on teaching reading at ECE level in Zimbabwe and to mother tongue interference. The research also attributed the prevalence of non-readers among learners at ECE level to educators’ lack of reading teaching skills, attitude toward teaching reading and to unavailability of reading resources as well as to poor staffing in infant department. The study recommended that there is need for the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to revise and review the ECE policy on teaching of reading at ECE level, to ensure that ECE teachers are adequately trained, developed and assisted to obtain the highest qualifications and skills possible in the teaching of reading at ECE level and, to provide quality and relevant ECE reading resources and facilities to ECE teachers.
Preparation of Organic Fluid Containing Ag Nanoparticles with Extractant Cyanex 301

Stable organic fluid containing silver nanoparticles modified by extractant Cyanex 301 (di‐(2, 4, 4‐trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid) has been prepared directly in alkane by the solvent extraction‐reduction method. Ag+ is extracted into alkane by Cyanex 301, then the obtained Ag+‐Cyanex 301 complex is reduced with solid sodium borohydride to obtain the organic fluids containing Ag nanoparticles. The organic fluids are so stable that the nanoparticles do not precipitate at room temperature for more than two months when the concentration of Ag nanoparticles is about 0.10 mol L−1. The nanoparticles are characterized by XRD, TEM, IR, UV‐Vis, and TG‐DTG, showing that Ag nanoparticles are well modified by the extractant. The obtained Ag nanoparticles can be dispersed well in organic solvent again, and the new fluids are very stable in air. The loading concentrations decrease with increase of solvent polarity.
Voltammetric Properties of the Reductive Desorption of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers from a Metal Surface

The current peak that appears on a linear-scan voltammogram for the reductive desorption of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) from a gold surface in an aqueous alkaline solution exhibits intriguing features: the narrow full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the peak, e.g., 20 mV for dodecanethiol SAMs, the saturation of fwhm in the SAM composed of long-chain alkanethiols, an asymmetric shape, the shift of the peak potential with increasing the alkyl chain length, and the peak area that is greater than what is expected from the (√3 × √3)R30° structure of adsorbed alkanethiols on Au(111). A Pade approximant expression for the adsorption isotherm proposed by Blum and Huckaby based on the two-dimensional Ising model, in combination with the semi-infinite linear diffusion of desorbed species, well explains these salient features of the reductive desorption behavior. The double-layer charging current can amount to one-third of the charge calculated from the area of the peak of the reductive desorption.
Awareness of COVID-19 among students of Ferozepur in relation to their gender and age-group

This study investigates Awareness of COVID-19 among male and female students of District Ferozepur, Punjab with different age-groups. For this study, a sample of 100 students from senior secondary school and college was selected. The data was collected using Awareness of COVID-19 survey-based Questionnaire validated by Krishna Undela (2020) . Mean, Median, Mode, standard Deviation and Kurtosis was used to find out Awareness of COVID-19 among students. T-ratio was used to find significant differences existing among male and female students, and students in age-group (13-19) termed as adolescents and students of age-group (20-28) termed as adults. Results show that there exists no significant difference in Awareness of COVID-19 among male and female students and students with different age-groups. Also, the Awareness of COVID-19 among them is average.
THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AND PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSIS : A REVIEW

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful scientific technique in molecular biology that amplifies genes or any fragment of DNA, making thousands to millions of copies of particular DNA sequence or from one molecule. With this system, minute amounts of DNA are often replicated very rapidly and thereby amplified to such an extent that the DNA becomes easy to detect, study and use for any given purpose. Three essential steps to PCR include (a) melting of the target (b) annealing of two oligonucleotide primers to the denatured DNA strands, and (c) primer extension by a thermostable DNA polymerase. Newly synthesized DNA strands serve as targets for subsequent DNA synthesis as the three steps are repeated up to 35-50 times. The specificity of the tactic derives from the synthetic oligonucleotide primers, which base-pair to and define each end of the target sequence to be amplified. The use of PCR grew rapidly in plant pathology, as in other disciplines, with the introduction in 1988 of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase. This enzyme exhibits relative stability at DNA-melting temperatures, which eliminates the need for enzyme replenishment after each cycle of synthesis, reduces PCR costs and allows automated thermal cycling.
A microfluidic lab-on-chip derivatisation technique for the measurement of gas phase formaldehyde

A microfluidic lab-on-chip derivatisation technique has been optimized to achieve a rapid, automated and sensitive determination of ambient gaseous formaldehyde when used in combination with GC-MS. The method used a Pyrex micro-reactor comprising three inlets and one outlet, gas and fluid splitting and combining channels, mixing junctions, and a 2.0 m long, 620 μm internal diameter reaction micro-channel. The micro-reactor integrated three functions, that of: (1) mixer and reactor, (2) heater, and (3) preconcentrator. The flow rates of the gas sample and derivatisation solution and the temperature of the micro-reactor were optimized to achieve a near real-time measurement with a rapid and high efficiency derivatisation step following gas sampling. The enhanced phase contact area-to-volume ratio and the high heat transfer rate in the micro-reactor resulted in a fast and high efficiency derivatisation reaction. Calibration showed good linearity in the range of 26 to 331 ppb with correlation coefficients R2 = 0.988 and 0.997 for PFPH and PFBHA derivatives. For low gas phase formaldehyde mixing ratios (<26 ppb) the derivatisation solution could be repeatedly recycled through the chip enabling pre-concentration of the derivative – hydrazone. The calibration curves for this recycling approach also showed good linearity from 4.0 to 26 ppb with method detection limits (MDLs) of 2.1 ppb and 1.1 ppb for PFPH and PFBHA derivatives. The feasibility of the technique was assessed using measurements of laboratory ambient air, with formaldehyde the predominant carbonyl compound at a 12.5 ppb level. The proof of principle experiments demonstrated the potential of the approach for on-line measurements of other carbonyls including acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaldehyde.