Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTED INTRUSION DETECTION APPROACH FOR BYZANTINE ATTACK INVOLVING WORM HOLE IN AD HOC NETWORK

To secure an ad hoc network is challenging problem. Feasibly detect and defined the internal attacks against the routing protocols, such as Byzantine behaviors in ad hoc network, is challenging problem. Where adversaries have full control on a number of authenticated devices and behave arbitrarily to disrupt the network, known as Byzantine wormhole attack. There are many forms of Byzantine attacks, including byzantine black hole, Byzantine flood rushing, and byzantine wormhole attack. Among all Byzantine attacks, Byzantine wormhole attack is considered one of the most complicated and severe attack in ad hoc networks. In this paper focus on Byzantine Wormhole attack that threatens the security of system and studying its effect on ad hoc network . The objective of work is to implement byzantine wormhole attack in AODVM enabled ad hoc network. Paper presents an approach to implement and analyze the effect of Byzantine Wormhole attack. Keyword: Byzantine wormhole, AODVM, DIDS, Clustering, IDS, Central cluster-head.
On El 0 and the DDF Construction

An attempt is made to understand the root spaces of Kac Moody algebras of hyperbolic type, and in particular El0, in terms of a DDF construction appropriate to a subcritical compactified bosonic string. While the level-one root spaces can be completely characterized in terms of transversal DDF states (the level-zero elements just span the affine subalgebra)~ longitudinal DDF states are shown to appear beyond level one. In contrast to previous treatments of such algebras, we find it necessary to make use of a rational extension of the self-dual root lattice as an auxiliary device, and to admit non-summable operators (in the sense of the vertex algebra formalism). We demonstrate the utility of the method by completely analyzing a non-trivial leveltwo root space, obtaining an explicit and comparatively simple representation for it. We also emphasize the occurrence of several Virasoro algebras, whose interrelation is expected to be crucial for a better understanding of the complete structure of the Kac Moody algebra. Subject Classifications: 17B67, 17B81, 81R10, 83E30
Phylogenetic relationships of spatangoid sea urchins (Echinoidea): taxon sampling density and congruence between morphological and molecular estimates

447 Stockley, B. , Smith, A. B. , Littlewood T. , Lessios H. A. & MacKenzie-Dodds J. A. (2005). Phylogenetic relationships of spatangoid sea urchins (Echinoidea): taxon sampling density and congruence between morphological and molecular estimates. — Zoologica Scripta , 34 , 447–468. A phylogeny for 21 species of spatangoid sea urchins is constructed using data from three genes and results compared with morphology-based phylogenies derived for the same taxa and for a much larger sample of 88 Recent and fossil taxa. Different data sets and methods of analysis generate different phylogenetic hypotheses, although congruence tests show that all molecular approaches produce trees that are congruent with each other. By contrast, the trees generated from morphological data differ significantly according to taxon sampling density and only those with dense sampling (after a posteriori weighting) are congruent with molecular estimates. With limited taxon sampling, secondary reversals in deep-water taxa are interpreted as plesiomorphies, pulling them to a basal position. The addition of fossil taxa with their unique character combinations reveals hidden homoplasy and generates a phylogeny that is compatible with molecular estimates. As homoplasy levels were found to be broadly similar across different anatomical structures in the echinoid test, no one suite of morphological characters can be considered to provide more reliable phylogenetic information. Some traditional groupings are supported, including the grouping of Loveniidae, Brissidae and Spatangidae within the Micrasterina, but the Asterostomatidae is shown to be polyphyletic with members scattered amongst at least five different clades. As these are mostly deep-sea taxa, this finding implies multiple independent invasions into the deep sea. Bruce Stockley, Andrew Smith, Tim Littlewood, Jacqueline A. MacKenzie-Dodds, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW67 5BD, UK. E-mail: a.smith@nhm.ac. uk Harilaos Lessios, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. E-mail: Lessiosh@stri.org Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Phylogenetic relationships of spatangoid sea urchins (Echinoidea): taxon sampling density and congruence between morphological and molecular estimates
Coat protein of cauliflower mosaic virus binds to ssDNA

Alkali-denatured cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) virions incorporated ssDNA, added exogenously, into multimolecular complexes during dialysis against a neutral buffer. CaMV coat protein binding to tracer DNA, assessed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, was highly cooperative as judged by the absence of intermediate-sized complexes. The incorporation of labelled Bgl I I fragments of a plasmid containing CaMV DNA into complexes was prevented by the presence of 0"16 g/1 unlabeUed calf thymus DNA. Lower concentrations of competitor DNA allowed binding of some Bgl I I fragments although preventing the binding of others. The self-annealing poly(dI-dC) was much less efficient than calf thymus DNA in preventing the incorporation of fragments into complexes, suggesting a binding preference for ssover dsDNA. In addition, dsDNA, minimally cross-linked to prevent strand separation, was bound only weakly. Endqabelled ssDNA fragments in complexes were partially protected against DNase I. The nucleic acid-binding activity of CaMV coat protein may be responsible for the organization of replication complexes, the precursors to virion particles.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF A WIND FARM POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

The investments in power transmission and distribution networks are essential for renewable power generation implementation. The wind farm topology means the combined electric power sources (wind turbine) and branching lines. Taking into account that branching lines for a wind farm are underground power lines (cable), in this paper a two stage approach to optimize the electrical inter-array cable systems was proposed. The proposed approach is compatible with both radial and branched design philosophies, and can be optimized for total cable length or cable cost. The novelty of the approach is based on a combination of classical and met-heuristic algorithms for wind farm topology optimization. The results of case study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method and showed that it can be used as a reliable tool in off-shore wind farm design for optimal topology determination.
Draft 1 Kinetics of Pyrite , Pyrrhotite and Chalcopyrite Dissolution by 1 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

29 The main objective of this study was to investigate the dissolution kinetics of pyrite, 30 pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Crushed minerals were reacted with A. ferrooxidans (25°C). The 31 kinetics of dissolution was investigated by monitoring pH and Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ ion concentrations in 32 the leaching solutions. Pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite dissolution by A. ferrooxidans were 33 found to be chemically controlled processes. The dissolution rates of the minerals with 34 bacteria increased in the order of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. The attached cell 35 numbers to mineral surfaces increased in the same order. A. ferrooxidans was found to 36 enhance the dissolution rates of the minerals. The acid-insoluble trait of pyrite and acid37 soluble trait of the other two minerals affected the pH changes in the leaching solutions. 38 39
Reducing the ATHENA WFI background Xuehao Ding

The Wide Field Imager (WFI) on Athena X-ray observatory is a detector system which will include on-board processing algorithms designed to reduce the particle background [1]. In this project, I make use of the unsupervised learning algorithm and deep learning method to identify and eliminate the background. The algorithms in this project are tested on images generated from GEANT4 and SIXTE simulated datasets, which shows that machine learning methods are effective in distinguishing between photon-induced and proton-induced patterns on the detector.
USING RADON TRANSFORM FOR DENOISING OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGE

The traditional Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Single Proton Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT) are based on the Radon transform and its inversion. The Radon transform (RT) describes a relationship between a biomedical source and observed signals. That is why the inverse Radon transform (IRT) is used for a generation of biomedical image from observed signals. IRT cannot be realized exactly but its approximation is possible with linear filter inside. The process of IRT with linear filtering is realized in every professional apparatus. The nonlinear filter consisting of RT, Walsh list, Tukey BES estimate and IRT is a subject of this paper.
I Project Title : Contract Number : Educational Act Under Which the Funds Were Administered : Source of Contract : Contractor : Executive

The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize the literature on adult develooment and to suggest how this information can be applied to the practice of adult education. The first section discusses the nature of adult development, its definition, and key concepts. Sequential patterns of change in adulthood are examined in section 2, focusing on models formulated by Jung, Buhier, Erikson, Havighurst, Levinson, Gould, Sheehy, Loevinger, Perry, Kohlberg, and Fowler. Questions about the existence and nature of sequential models and the universality and generalizability of stage theories are aired. The next section provides a sampling of other approaches to development: the issue of personality change, the themes of work and love in adulthood, and the concept of life events and transitions. The second half of the paper explores the interrelationship between adult development and adult education, suggesting that an adult's motivation and need for education are most likely propelled by life-stage concerns and tasks. The papar concludes with practical applications of adult developmental research to adult education in the areas of program development, instruction, and counseling. (SK) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ADULT DEVELOPMENT: MPLICATIONS FOR ADULT EDUCATION Sheran 13. Merriam Northern Illirois University U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION /CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORM( ')N CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reprOduCed as received from the pereOn or orMmToh.e vv. :sung 4 Mow' ClIOngt$ MIA been pude to . mprove reprodw.hon moldy . P04111 41 view of opihogristated.nthadOtu mein do no* fleteS5atitV tOpritSent offiCoal ME 00Phon or 0014y ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education The National Center for Research in Vocational Education The Ohio State University 1960 Kenny Road Columbus, OH 43210-1090
Moteur de sélection de tâches pour des personnages virtuels autonomes non omniscients

The VICTEAMS project aims at producing a virtual environment to train medical team leader’s non-technical skills. The user manages a team of virtual nurses that are capable of showing humanlike behaviour such as erroneous behaviour. We detail our proposal of task selection system for autonomous virtual character in the virtual environment with mecanisms to generate explicable errors.
CS224 Final Programming Project Guidelines

This project is an opportunity for you to work for longer on a bigger NLP system in an area of your choice! The projects will be judged on creativity in defining the problem to be investigated, the methods used, thoroughness in considering and justifying your design decisions, and quality of your write-up, including your testing of the system and reporting of results. You will not be penalized if your system performs poorly, providing your initial design decisions weren’t obviously unjustifiable, and you have made reasonable attempts to analyze why it failed, and to examine how the system might be improved. The final project can be a group project. Indeed, we’d strongly encourage you to work as a group, so you can attempt something larger and more interesting. However, the amount of work should be appropriately scaled to the size of the group, and you should include a brief statement on the responsibilities of different members of the team. Team members will normally get the same grade, but we reserve the right to differentiate in egregious cases. In general we would like group sizes of 2 or 3 – if you’re considering a bigger group, you need to talk to us and convince us that a group of greater than 3 is manageable given the inherent parallelizability of the task, and the time available to organize and implement the system. Solo projects are allowed. You are free (and, where appropriate, encouraged) to make use of existing code and systems as part of your project, but you should make sure their use is properly acknowledged, and make clear what additional value your project is adding. The first deadline is to submit a project progress report. This will not be graded, but is there to encourage you to get organized early, and work out what focused project you are working on. It is also a chance for dialog between the instructors and the team. You can tell us what you have achieved so far, and what you hope to achieve in the rest of the quarter. We can give you extra references, and also information on whether we think the scope of the project is too small or two big. So please do think about where you are and have something focused and concrete ready to submit. This milestone is to put some uniform structure into the process, but beyond that, we really encourage you to stop by the office hours of Chris, Jeanette or Praveen to discuss projects in person. That allows longer and more productive discussions of projects. Just due to greater experience or a different viewpoint, this can often help a lot. Talking about project plans is a particularly good place to get useful feedback and information from the course staff. The project progress report should fit on one page and should be organized around these 4 sections:
Perspectives in Diabetes Dynamics of P-Cell Mass in the Growing Rat Pancreas Estimation With a Simple Mathematical Model

The growth and development of the endocrine pancreas has been studied for many years, but questions remain concerning the regulation of the mass of insulin-producing p-cells both in the normal growing pancreas and during the pathogenesis of diabetes. The homeostatic control of P-cell mass in both normal and pathophysiological conditions is based on the balance of cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell death. To gain insight into the relative contribution of each of these dynamic processes, we first mathematically analyzed the data available on the components involved in the maintenance of P-cell mass, including rates of replication, P-cell volume, and the P-cell mass itself, at various ages in normal SpragueDawley rats. Then these data were combined in a simple mass balance equation to construct a mathematical model of the dynamics of the 9-cell mass in the normal growing rat pancreas. Such a model has allowed us to infer the contributions of fluxes that cannot be measured, i.e., neogenesis and cell death, to the known mass of @-cells. Another important contribution of this model is to raise unanswered questions concerning the control of the balance of cell death and cell renewal in the endocrine pancreas. Diabetes 44249-256,1995
Graduates and ‘ graduate jobs ’ in Europe : a picture of growth and diversification

We address the question of how the supply and demand for graduates is changing in western, northern and southern Europe in the 21st century. We find that the proportion of the population with tertiary qualifications is increasing everywhere. But only in the Anglo and Nordic countries has the share of high-skill employment grown fast. The prevalence of graduate underemployment varies, partially reflecting the aggregate imbalance between the supply of graduates and the prevalence of graduate jobs. Over time the rate of graduate underemployment has increased in southern Europe and in Ireland, but not everywhere. In real terms graduate earnings have been declining in some of the southern countries, while they continued to rise in Nordic countries. In most countries, the average graduate earnings premium, relative to workers with upper secondary education, has remained largely stationary, exceptions being Portugal and Greece where it declined markedly. There was a rising earnings penalty for underemployment of graduates in Austria, Ireland and Italy, but none elsewhere. Though we can be confident the supply of graduates will continue to rise in the coming decades, the future for graduate jobs is especially uncertain at this juncture. 1 UCL Institute of Education. The research for this paper was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Higher Education Funding Council for England (ESRC grant reference ES/M010082/1) via the Centre for Global Higher Education. We are grateful to the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) for their financial support. The paper also draws on research funded by the ESRC (grant reference ES/J019135/1) through the Centre for Research on Learning and Life Chances England (LLAKES). Presentations were made at the 2 CGHE Annual Conference, London, 1/3/2017, and at the AlmaLaurea Conference "Higher Education and Skills in the Second Stage of Globalization", University of Parma, 16/5/2017.
Titre : Title : A framework to compute statistics of system parameters from very large trace files Auteurs :

In this paper, we present a framework to compute, store and retrieve statistics of various system metrics from large traces in an efficient way. The proposed framework allows for rapid interactive queries about system metrics values for any given time interval. In the proposed framework, efficient data structures and algorithms are designed to achieve a reasonable query time while utilizing less disk space. A parameter termed granularity degree (GD) is defined to determine the threshold of how often it is required to store the precomputed statistics on disk. The solution supports the hierarchy of system resources and also different granularities of time ranges. We explain the architecture of the framework and show how it can be used to efficiently compute and extract the CPU usage and other system metrics. The importance of the framework and its different applications are shown and evaluated in this paper.
University of Dundee Early Action Prediction by Soft Regression

We propose a novel approach for predicting on-going action with the assistance of a low-cost depth camera. Our approach introduces a soft regression-based early prediction framework. In this framework, we estimate soft labels for the subsequences at different progress levels, jointly learned with an action predictor. Our formulation of soft regression framework 1) overcomes a usual assumption in existing early action prediction systems that the progress level of on-going sequence is given in the testing stage; and 2) presents a theoretical framework to better resolve the ambiguity and uncertainty of subsequences at early performing stage. The proposed soft regression framework is further enhanced in order to take the relationships among subsequences and the discrepancy of soft labels over different classes into consideration, so that a Multiple Soft labels Recurrent Neural Network (MSRNN) is finally developed. For real-time performance, we also introduce a new RGB-D feature called “local accumulative frame feature (LAFF)”, which can be computed efficiently by constructing an integral feature map. Our experiments on three RGB-D benchmark datasets and an unconstrained RGB action set demonstrate that the proposed regression-based early action prediction model outperforms existing models significantly and also show that the early action prediction on RGB-D sequence is more accurate than that on RGB channel.
OUTLOOK FOR NON-HIGH LUMINOSITY EXPERIMENTS UNTIL AND AFTER LS 3

Based on the current physics scene, the future holds more than ever a joint enterprise of precision measurements and direct searches. With its very broad scientific program of heavy flavour precision measurements both in the beauty and the charm sector, as well as forward electroweak precision physics, LHCb has demonstrated to be a powerful forward general purpose detector complementary to ATLAS and CMS. After the expected lifetime of 10fb for the current experiment, the precision of many measurements will still be limited by statistics. Experience from Run 1 shows that systematic uncertainties are not expected to limit the precision down to the theoretical uncertainties. LHCb will thus undergo one major upgrade in LS2 to the ultimate flexibility of a full software trigger, together with a sub-detector configuration which should allow improving the physics yield up to an instantaneous luminosity of 2x10 cms, with the goal of collecting an integrated luminosity of at least 50fb by 2028. The flexibility of the upgrade also prepares LHCb for any changes in the physics scene beyond LS2. The ion program is an integral part of the LHC physics program. For the purpose of physics normalization, detector re-commissioning and calibrations, the ALICE experiment requires data taking during the nominal proton-proton physics and at nucleon-nucleon energies equivalent to the heavy ion collisions. This will evolve with the major upgrade of ALICE which is currently planned for LS2. In view of the LHC and the injector upgrades, this paper reviews the physics motivations, the upgrade and consolidation programs, and the operational requirements and schedule for LHCb and for the ALICE proton-proton data taking into the HL-LHC era. For completeness, it also covers the relevant aspects of the LHC forward physics program and other special runs.
Through Measurement to Knowledge : The Inaugural Lecture of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

arno.laesecke@boulder.nist. gov This paper is a contribution to the NIST Centennial 2001. It presents the first complete English translation of the inaugural speech of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on the occasion of his appointment as Professor at the University of Leiden (The Netherlands) in 1882. The speech is a snapshot of the scientific landscape of that time and lays out a vision. It advocates with enthusiasm the significance of quantitative measurements and the development of metrology standards. Although science and technology have advanced since then by orders of magnitude, a number of interesting parallels between then and now appear.
VIDEO-BASED HUMAN MOTION CAPTURE DATA RETRIEVAL VIA NORMALIZED MOTION ENERGY IMAGE SUBSPACE PROJECTIONS

In this work, we propose an effective approach to retrieving human motion capture (MoCap) data by video interface, which lets the user act in front of a video camera to specify the query and searches for matching clips in the MoCap database. In order to bridge the representational gap between video clips and MoCap clips, we propose a novel normalized motion energy image (NMEI) representation for both. We extract the discriminative feature of each NMEI by computing its local augmented Gabor features, constructing its identity vector in a learned total variability space, and making a subspace projection learned by linear discriminative analysis. Finally, we use probabilistic linear discriminative analysis to measure the similarity between the extracted features of any two NMEIs. Experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed video-based MoCap data retrieval scheme.