Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced lithium-ion battery modelling for automotive applications

A novel electrical circuit analogy is proposed to model electrochemical systems under realistic automotive operation conditions. The model is developed for a lithium ion battery and is based on a pseudo 2D electrochemical model. It calculates the evolution of species concentration distribution and di usion for a given current load, as a result of electrochemical reactions. The application example is an automotive system, in which results are obtained at a rate faster than real-time and well within the accuracy requirements of a typical Battery Management System (BMS). This is the rst Equivalent Circuit Network (ECN)-type model that tracks directly the evolution of species inside the cell, and includes implementation of complex electrochemical phenomena usually omitted such as double layer capacitance and overpotentials due to mass transport limitations in the electrode host material. Three networks, one for each of the three species present, electrons, Li ions, and intercalated Li atoms, are connected through a triple species element, which governs the conversion between species at the resulting activation, di usion and passivating layer overpotentials. The link between the three networks is an important feature of this model, coupling information of each of the three joining circuit networks at this node. The model is fully thermally coupled and can account for capacity fade via a decrease in the amount of active species and for power fade via an increase in a resistive solid electrolyte inter-phase layer at both electrodes. The model's capability to simulate cell behaviour under dynamic events from 0% to 100% State-of-Charge (SoC) conditions is demonstrated with various test procedures. Examples for model output are given for various standard battery testing load cycles as well as realistic automotive drive cycle loads. Although cast in the framework familiar to application engineers, the model is essentially an electrochemical battery model: all variables have a direct physical interpretation and there is direct access to all states of the cell via the model variables (species concentrations, potentials) for the later purpose of control systems design. Further model extensions are easily implemented atop the current framework. The presented methodology is further applicable for electrochemical system performance evaluation and prediction of battery performance in any kind of portable battery-powered electronic device and application with low computational power availability and online solution requirements.
The Bianchi IX model in loop quantum cosmology

The Bianchi IX model has been used often to investigate the structure close to singularities of general relativity. Its classical chaos is expected to have, via the BKL scenario, implications even for the approach to general inhomogeneous singularities. Thus, it is a popular model to test consequences of modifications to general relativity suggested by quantum theories of gravity. This paper presents a detailed proof that modifications coming from loop quantum gravity lead to a non-chaotic effective behaviour. The way this is realized, independently of quantization ambiguities, suggests a new look at initial and final singularities.
Computer application anxiety, self efficacy, and open source learning management system acceptance

The paper reports a pilot implementation of Claroline an open source learning management system at a public institution of higher learning in Malaysia. The objectives of the research were to establish whether there were relationships between (1) computer application anxiety and system acceptance (2) self-efficacy and system acceptance. The research was conducted with postgraduate business students as research participants who are users of the system. They were encouraged to use the functions available in Claroline although not mandatory. A survey questionnaire was used as the instrument. The research found that contrary to past finding there was no relationship between computer application anxiety and system acceptance. There was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and system acceptance.
Implementation of Template Matching Method for Door Lock Security System Using Raspberry Pi

In several locations, the security system is becoming a priority. One of the location is the laboratory. There are many valuable research tools and equipment in the laboratory, so to improve the security system. Generally, the access to entry the laboratory is equipped with a digital safety system. Computer Control System Laboratory at Information Technology Department of Jember State Polytechnic uses RFID-Card as access right for entrance to the laboratory. RFID-Card also functions as ID-Card (printed with photo and biodata) and packaged to fit in user clothes pocket. However, using RFID gives less of flexibility. The user must remove the ID-Card and attach the card to the RFID reader box. Therefore, in this study will design a door lock security system based on the image processing to replace the use of RFID. Later, the user simply positions themselves in the Pi Camera work area. Processed data from the camera, the matched with image data which stored in the database. The database contains a photo of laboratory members which listed on the employee ID-Card. Template matching method is used as image matching method which stored in Raspberry Pi database. If the image which captured by camera is matched with the image data in the database, the controller will give entry access to the user. Based on the experimental results, template matching method has a success rate of 96%.
Introduction to PDEs and Waves in Atmosphere and Ocean

Introduction Some remarkable features of stratified flow Linear and nonlinear instability of stratified flows with strong stratification Rotating shallow water theory Linear and weakly nonlinear theory of dispersive waves with geophysical examples Simplified equations for the dynamics of strongly stratified flow The stratified quasi-geostrophic equations as a singular limit of the rotating Boussinesq equations Introduction to averaging over fast waves for geophysical flows Waves and PDEs for the equatorial atmosphere and ocean Bibliography.
The Extragalactic Distance Scale without Cepheids

Distances of galaxies in the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project are based on the Cepheid period-luminosity relation. An alternative basis is the tip of the red giant branch. Using archival HST data, we calibrate the infrared Tully-Fisher relation using 14 galaxies with tip of the red giant branch measurements. Compared with the Key Project, a higher value of the Hubble constant by 10% ± 7% is inferred. Within the errors the two distance scales are therefore consistent. We describe the additional data required for a conclusive tip of the red giant branch measurement of H0.
Uniqueness theorems for an inverse problem in a doubly periodic structure

Consider an electromagnetic plane wave incident on a doubly periodic structure in R3. The inverse problem is to determine the shape of the structure from the scattered field. Uniqueness theorems are proved by applying the uniqueness theorem of Cauchy-Kowalewska, by extending Isakov's approach and using a result on local injectivity of maps between finite-dimensional spaces.
Beam configurations for 3D tomographic intensity modulated radiation therapy

We extend the theory of three-dimensional (3D) tomographic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The geometry consists of two-dimensional modulated beams on a sphere centred in the tumour. The theory provides an efficient algorithm for computing beam modulation patterns that approximately ‘reconstruct’ the prescribed dose function. In this paper optimum beam numbers are estimated from dose function spherical harmonics using the 3D projection-slice theorem. An extension to three dimensions of the ‘Bow Tie’ criterion for beam numbers is derived. The effects of insufficient beam front sampling and beam numbers are characterized with a configuration-dependent matrix. Factors that independently increase beam numbers, such as tumour size and shape, are related to the spherical harmonic content in the dose function. Examples of tomographic IMRT reconstruction with a 3D concave tumour are given.
A surface topography-independent friction measurement technique using torsional resonance mode in an AFM

The recently introduced torsional resonance mode (TR mode) technique has been applied for friction force measurements at the micro/nanoscale. In this technique, an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a vibrating cantilever tip in torsional mode is used, and the contact torsional vibration amplitude of the tip motion (TR amplitude) is monitored at a contact resonance frequency under constant normal load. In this paper, the TR mode friction force images are compared to the friction force images acquired by conventional contact mode friction force microscopy on three samples: a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with two phase structure, a silicon ruler, and a metal evaporated (ME) tape. The results from those samples show that the TR mode friction force images are much less affected by the surface topography and are almost independent of the scanning direction of the tip, whereas this is not the case for the contact mode friction force measurements. Mechanisms responsible for these observations are also discussed in the paper. In order to predict coefficient of friction as a function of the change in the TR amplitude, an energy balance model is proposed.
Research on pricing strategy of electricity transmission-distribution based on system dynamics

The electricity transmission-distribution is an important link of power system. Pricing transmission-distribution is the key part in the new round electricity market reform in China. The paper investigates the components of cost during transmission and distribution considering the different levels of voltage under government regulation, which forms original pricing model according to the reasonable profit pricing mode. Based on the above model, we apply System Dynamics to simulate the trend of the transmission-distribution price and capacity under the different scenarios classified by return on investment. The result of the simulation shows that the increasing ROI can raise the grid capacity investment, but it can’t motivate power grid companies to reduce costs and improve management efficiency.
Examining the relationship between leadership and megascience projects

A development over the past 70 to 80 years within scientific research has been the need for very large pieces of apparatus to enable the exploration of new scientific topics, particularly within particle physics and space science. These ‘megascience projects’ are generally undertaken as cooperative ventures by countries seeking to pursue scientific experimental opportunities in these fields. Such projects, a subcategory of large/megaprojects that have a minimum budget of one billion US dollars, are characterised by high levels of technological uncertainty, given that their success depends on the development of new, highly-advanced technologies . However, there is a notable lack of research into the leadership of megascience projects - an important consideration when embarking on a substantial project. The leadership literature traditionally categorises leaders into five discrete leadership styles, but there is a gap when it comes to understanding the characteristics and development of leaders of megascience projects. In this thesis, I address this gap in knowledge, focusing on three research questions: (1) What are the characteristics of those who lead megascience projects? (2) Where were their leadership skills developed? (3) And how were their leadership skills developed? A useful concept during the intellectual journey to answer these questions was ‘the heterogeneous engineer’, which provided the original conceptual framework for this thesis. I use a combination of archival and interview-based research to answer these research questions in the cases of the Tevatron at Fermilab in the United States, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN on the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva. This archival research notably required access to normally restricted sections of the CERN archives related to the LHC. The thematic analysis conducted for this research yielded various findings that include the primacy of technical competence as a foundation for respect, along with strong management ability, the importance of trustworthiness, and team empowerment. Furthermore, I found that leadership training within megascience projects is experiential in nature, with formal leadership training programmes acting at most in a support role. During the analysis of my data, I concluded that the heterogeneous engineer concept was based on a relative anomaly, making it difficult to use this concept as the foundation for a more generalised leadership theory. One unexpected finding, which represents a relatively original contribution of this thesis, is the tailoring of senior leadership selection to suit a specific project phase, something which appears to partially contradict the current literature. I identify four phases, the characteristics of leaders best equipped for each phase, and the implications for other large projects.
ISO 50500 series innovation management: overview and potential usages in organizations

Innovation must be supported by a mindset shift, and cannot be reduced to innovation labs or creativity rooms with fancy furniture, writable walls, adding innovation as a company value, or launching innovation challenges. Those will generate buzz, not a sustainable innovation mindset. Culture is something you need to support, enable, and maintain. In 90's; quality culture has been spread in the whole industry value chain through ISO 9001 standards. This set of standards has defined what quality means, which are the core principles and how to structure the quality system. ISO9001 has been embraced and deployed across many organizations, this standard proved to be instrumental in quality culture dissemination. Innovation management needs the same visibility and the same culture development in today's organization. The future ISO standards on innovation management (ISO 50500 series) is presented in this paper, and their expected impact on building an innovation culture is motivated. ISO50500 series stems from the 2013 ISO Technical committee on innovation management that has been created under the impulsion of AFNOR (French standardization office). The scope of this technical committee has been approved by its members in 2014: " Standardization of terminology tools and methods and interactions between relevant parties to enable innovation. " As of today, the committee gathers 48 countries and 6 international liaisons with international institutions (WIPO, WTO, OECD, CERN, World Bank and EPO).
Physics with coherent matter waves

This review discusses progress in the new field of coherent matter waves, particularly with respect to Bose–Einstein condensates. We give a short introduction to Bose–Einstein condensation and the theoretical description of the condensate wavefunction. We concentrate on the coherence properties of this new type of matter wave as a basis for fundamental physics and applications. The main part of this review treats various measurements and concepts in the physics of coherent matter waves. In particular, we present phase manipulation methods, atom lasers, nonlinear atom optics, optical elements, interferometry and physics in optical lattices. We give an overview of the state of the art in the respective fields and discuss achievements and challenges for the future.
An Experimental Investigation of Thermal Characteristics of Phase Change Material Applied to Improve the Isothermal Operation of a Refrigerator

We investigated the thermal performance of a refrigerator with a functional duct unit (FDU) which was charged with a phase change material (PCM) and designed to replace the existing expandable polystyrene (EPS) duct unit. Since the performance of the FDU is dependent upon the thermal characteristics of the PCM, the eutectic water–salt solution as the PCM was prepared and tested to optimize the thermal characteristics. The thermal properties of the PCM were examined by the T-history method. When the PCM contained 1 wt. % eutectic molten salt compounds, the phase change temperature was approximately −0.5 °C, the supercooling temperature was approximately −2.9 °C, and the latent heat was 304.9 kJ/kg. Compared with other PCMs of different eutectic molten salt concentrations, this PCM was found to have the most appropriate thermal properties for the FDU. Therefore, the PCM with 1 wt. % eutectic molten salt compounds was used in the FDU, which was installed in a 200 L top-mounted freezer (TMF). For a quantitative comparison of the operational performance, an FDU and an EPS duct were installed alternately in a refrigerator operated under the same conditions and analyzed in terms of internal temperature variation and operational characteristics. When the EPS duct was replaced by the FDU, the temperature deviation measured during a defrosting operation was observed to become smaller. Moreover, during a power outage, the refrigerator with the FDU released heat owing to the phase change of the PCM, thereby preventing temperature rise inside the refrigerator.
Electron heating in capacitively coupled RF plasmas: a unified scenario

Electron heating in radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (RF-CCP) is studied from first principles. The starting points are the electron equations of continuity and motion, with ionization neglected but electric and pressure forces and elastic collisions with the neutral background taken into account. Poisson’s equation self-consistently calculates the electric field; the ion density is assumed as a given. Postulating that the Debye length λD ? > is small compared to the sheath length scale l and the applied frequency ωRF ? > is small compared to the electron plasma frequency ωpe ? >, an asymptotic expansion in the smallness parameter ϵ=λD/l∼ωRF/ωpe ? > is conducted. As has been demonstrated before (Brinkmann 2015 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 24 064002), this ansatz gives an expression—the smooth step model (SSM)—which yields (i) the space charge field in the unipolar region, (ii) the generalized Ohmic field in the ambipolar region, and (iii) a smooth interpolation for the rapid transition in between. Using the SSM and formulas for the electron density and the electron flux, expressions for the electric force and the electric power density are established which hold up to O(ϵ) ? >. Integrating over the sheath and taking the phase average, a representation for the total dissipated power is found as a sum of four physically distinct contributions. All terms correspond to electron heating mechanisms which are (explicitly or implicitly) already known but were so far discussed only within mutually incompatible frameworks.
EMG-Controlled Hand Teleoperation Using a Continuous Teleoperation Subspace

We present a method for EMG-driven teleoperation of non-anthropomorphic robot hands. EMG sensors are appealing as a wearable, inexpensive and unobtrusive way to gather information about the teleoperator's hand pose. However, mapping from EMG signals to the pose space of a non-anthropomorphic hand presents multiple challenges. We present a method that first projects from forearm EMG into a subspace relevant to teleoperation. To increase robustness, we use a model which combines continuous and discrete predictors along different dimensions of this subspace. We then project from the teleoperation subspace into the pose space of the robot hand. We show that our method is effective and intuitive, as it enables novice users to teleoperate pick and place tasks faster and more robustly than state-of-the-art EMG teleoperation methods when applied to a non-anthropomorphic, multi-DOF robot hand.
THE LUMINOSITY AND MASS FUNCTIONS OF LOW-MASS STARS IN THE GALACTIC DISK. II. THE FIELD

We report on new measurements of the luminosity function (LF) and mass function (MF) of field low-mass dwarfs derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 photometry. The analysis incorporates ∼15 million low-mass stars (0.1 ), spread over 8400 deg2. Stellar distances are estimated using new photometric parallax relations, constructed from ugriz photometry of nearby low-mass stars with trigonometric parallaxes. We use a technique that simultaneously measures Galactic structure and the stellar LF from 7 < Mr < 16. We compare the LF to previous studies and convert to an MF using the mass–luminosity relations of Delfosse et al. The system MF, measured over −1.0< log <−0.1, is well described by a lognormal distribution with = 0.25 . We stress that our results should not be extrapolated to other mass regimes. Our work generally agrees with prior low-mass stellar MFs and places strong constraints on future theoretical star formation studies.
Star Formation in Nearby Galaxies

Star formation is a fundamental astrophysical process; it controls phenomena ranging from the evolution of galaxies and nucleosynthesis to the origins of planetary systems and abodes for life. The WFC3, optimized at both UV and IR wavelengths and equipped with an extensive array of narrow-band filters, brings unique capabilities to this area of study. The WFC3 Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC) proposes an integrated program on star formation in the nearby universe which will fully exploit these new abilities. Our targets range from the well-resolved R136 in 30 Dor in the LMC (the nearest super star cluster) and M82 (the nearest starbursting galaxy) to about half a dozen other nearby galaxies that sample a wide range of star-formation rates and environments. Our program consists of broad-band multiwavelength imaging over the entire range from the UV to the near-IR, aimed at studying the ages and metallicities of stellar populations, revealing young stars that are still hidden by dust at optical wavelengths, and showing the integrated properties of star clusters. Narrowband imaging of the same environments will allow us to measure star-formation rates, gas pressure, chemical abundances, extinction, and shock morphologies. The primary scientific issues to be addressed are: (1) What triggers star formation? (2) How do the properties of star-forming regions vary among different types of galaxies and environments of different gas densities and compositions? (3) How do these different environments affect the history of star formation? (4) Is the stellar initial mass function universal or determined by local conditions? Prof. Robert W. O'Connell Star Formation in Nearby Galaxies
Performance-enhanced micro-machined resonant systems with two-degrees-of-freedom resonators

Two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) resonant systems are employed to improve the resonating properties of micro-machined vibratory devices. Two mass-spring-damping units of identical natural frequency, are mechanically linked together to form a 2-DOF resonator. A great disparity was designed for the ratio of the two masses. Theoretical analysis and simulation both demonstrate that, under the condition of a low damping effect, the resonant amplitude of the small mass can be amplified and, becomes much higher than that of the big mass. This amplification effect can be used in applications of high mechanical sensitivity. On the other hand, the very broad resonant bandwidth of the small mass can be pursued by overlapping two split resonant modes together under certain damping conditions. Measurement results of a silicon micro-machined 2-DOF resonator in an atmospheric environment have verified the resonant amplification effect. As an application of the 2-DOF resonator, a silicon micro-machined vibratory gyroscope has been designed based on this amplification concept and has been fabricated using a bonded silicon-on-insulator wafer and a deep reactive-ion-etching process.