Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Onset of instability in sheared gas fluidized beds

The idea behind this work is to use the stabilizing effect of shear to homogenize bubbling gas fluidized beds. Essentially, the authors argue that by increasing the shear they increase the particle diffusivity, therefore enhancing the tendency of the particles to distribute uniformly in the bed. Although similar effects are known to play important roles in the diffusion of particles suspended in viscous liquids at very low Reynolds number, in this work the authors present the first evidence that this effect might be relevant also when the suspending fluid is a gas.
A GIS based anthropogenic PM10 emission inventory for Greece

An anthropogenic, chemically speciated PM10 emission inventory was compiled for Greece in 10 km spatial resolution. The inventory comprises of all anthropogenic particulate matter sources and it was compiled using a Geographical Information System (GIS) integrated with SQL programming language. Input data from the national and international databases were used for the calculation of spatially and temporally resolved emissions for the road transport and all the subsectors of the other mobile sources and machinery sector using top–down or bottom–up methodologies. Annual data from existing emission databases were also used and were temporally and spatially disaggregated using source relevant statistical data and high resolution maps. The sectoral emission totals are compared with other emission databases or studies conducted in the area. Total anthropogenic emissions in Greece were estimated to be 182 219 t for the base year 2003. The results indicate the industrial sector as the major PM10 emission source (39.9% contribution) with the major industrial units though to be situated inside the organised industrial areas of the country. The power generation sector (21.4%) is the second largest contributor in national level mostly derived from one specific industrial region at north. International cargo shipping activities (9.6%) is also an important source category for particles. Heat production and road transport are found to play a significant role inside the urban centres of the country.
Effect of multiple sprayers on dynamic range and flow rate limitations in electrospray and ionspray mass spectrometry

The sample-ion signal in electrospray mass spectrometry is an approximately linear function of sample concentration up to 10(-5) mol/L. Dynamic range for the tetrabutylammonium ion signal and spray current leaving the nebulizer are determined with one and two sprayers, at flow rates of 5 and 10 muL/min, and at different positions of the sprayer. The dynamic range does not appear to be limited by the total amount (mass) of sample, but by the concentration of the sample solution introduced into the ion source, as is demonstrated by the use of two parallel sprayers. Limitation of dynamic range as a result of increasing repulsion between charged droplets at higher sample concentration appears to be unlikely. The efficiency of droplet charging gradually decreases with increasing sample concentration, while the detector signal abruptly reaches a plateau. Limitation just by insufficient charge on droplets is ruled out. Limitation of sample-ion signals can be attributed to an upper limit to the number of free quaternary ammonium ions at the surface of electrically charged droplets. Multiple sprayers can be used to increase the range of flow rates accepted by the electrospray interface. In the case of ionspray (pneumatically assisted electrospray) the stability of the ion signal at higher flow rates is improved by the use of multiple sprayers.
Hot carrier degradation in HfSiON∕TiN fin shaped field effect transistor with different substrate orientations

Hot carrier injection (HCI) degradation is evaluated for n-metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) and pMOS high-κ-fin shaped field effect transistor with (100) and (110) sidewall surface orientations. It was found that impact ionization at the source, in addition to the traditional drain side enhances HCI degradation for the Vg=Vd condition. The degradation increases with decreasing fin length, with negligible dependence on substrate orientation.
SIMULTANEOUS EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN XYLEM SAPS BY RP-HPLC AFTER SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION WITH SMALLER PARTICLE-SIZED HYDROXYAPATITE NANOCRYSTALS

A simple and reliable RP-HPLC method based on solid-phase extraction with smaller particle sized hydroxyapatite nanocrystals was developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of oxalic, malic, and citric acids in xylem saps of pokeweed. The smaller particle sized hydroxyapatite nanocrystals exhibited greater surface area and more active sites on the surface, consequently, higher adsorption ability to organic acids, which was proved to be an effective solid-phase extractor for the simultaneous extraction of organic acids in xylem saps. Oxalic, malic, and citric acids were determined by RP-HPLC at the optimum chromatographic conditions after the solid-phase extraction procedure. The accuracy of the method was confirmed with an average recovery ranging between 94.2% and 97.9%, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 2.0%. This method was successfully applied to determine the organic acids in xylem saps of pokeweed.
Solid state synthesis of coordination compounds from basic metal salts

The preparation of the complex salts [H2im]2[MCl4] (H2im = imidazolium, M = Co, 1; Zn, 2; Cu, 3) and coordination compounds [MCl2(Him)2] (M = Co, 4; Zn, 5; Cu, 6) by a range of solid-state and solid-gas reactions is reported. Compounds 4–6 and the related [{MCl2(4,4′-bipy)}n] (M = Co, 7; Zn, 8) were prepared by the solid state reactions of metal hydroxide or carbonate salts (or their equivalent) with the hydrochloride salt of the appropriate ligand (imidazole or 4,4′-bipy).
SyntheSiS of fulleropyrrol idineS and a compariSon between itS theoretical and experimental uV reSponSe

Results obtained by molecular dynamics approach of 1-methyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)fulleropyrrolidine and 1-methyl-2-(3-hydroxy-2-naphtyl)-3,4-fulleropyrrolidine UVresponse to predict their spectra in the 320-400 nm range are shown and compared with experimental data. These were synthesized by Prato reaction, and the reaction mixture was separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-characterized by the UV-vis detector attached to the HPLC and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization Mass Spectrometer equipped with reflectron and timeof-flight detector (MALDI-ReTOF-MS). Comparison show good correlation between experimental results and theoretical calculations.
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Amino-terminated Polyamide-6 and Diisocyanate-terminated Polytetramethylene Glycol

ABSTRACT Polyamide thermoplastic elastomers are successfully synthesized by adding polycondensation of amino-terminated polyamide-6 (with a molecular weight of 1000 and 2000 g/mol) and diisocyanate-terminated polytetramethylene glycol (with molecular weight of 1500 and2500 g/mol) with dimethylacetamide as solvent at 140°C. The structures of oligomers and polyamide thermoplastic elastomers are characterized by Fourier transform infrared. The thermogravimetry analysis result shows that the product displays good thermostability. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of polyamide thermoplastic elastomers exhibit two melting temperatures indicating phase separation of polyamide thermoplastic elastomers. Besides, the polyamide thermoplastic elastomers display excellent mechanical properties of high tensile strength (33–61 MPa) and high elongation at break (384–1220%). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Irradiation, mechanical and structural behaviour of Al-Zn-based alloys rapidly quenched from melt

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physical metallurgy and mechanical properties of the melt-spun ordered alloys based on Al-Zn system containing 0 or 0.5% of antimony, tin or silicon. Properties, including the crystal structure, defects, elastic modulus, internal friction and irradiation resistance of the fast quenched ordered alloys are summarized and discussed with emphasis on their metallurgical variables in the alloys. The potential development of Al-Zn based melt-spun alloys as new antifractional materials for bearing applications is also discussed.
Role of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Stem Cell Research

Recent researches have mainly displayed the significant role of stem cells in tissue renewal and homeostasis with their unique capacity to develop different cell types. These findings have clarified the importance of stem cells to improve the effectiveness of any cell therapy for regenerative medicine. Identification of purity and differentiation stages of stem cells are the greatest challenges of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The existing methods to carefully monitor and characterize the stem cells have some unwanted effects on the properties of stem cells, and these methods also do not provide real-time information about cellular conditions. These challenges enforce the usage of nondestructive, rapid, sensitive, high quality, label-free, cheep, and innovative chemical monitoring methods. In this context, vibrational spectroscopy provides promissing alternative to get new information into the field of stem cell biology for chemical analysis, quantification, and imaging of stem cells. Raman and infrared spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a new complimentary spectroscopic approaches to gain new insight into stem cell reseaches for future therapeutic and regenerative medicines. In this paper, recent developments in applications of vibrational spectroscopy techniques for stem cell characterization and identification are presented.
X‐Ray Diffraction from Clusters

X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies on metal clusters are reported and results for several systems are presented. Special emphasis is devoted to the use of the so called Debye Function Analysis (DFA technique) as a tool for numerical simulation of the diffracted intensity of polydispersed nanocrystalline systems This method is most commonly applied in the field of highly dispersed supported catalysts. For small particles. XRD become increasingly surface sensitive. By analysing in situ one can then observe structure-related reactions taking place at the surface. This is examplified by proof of the Sales-Turuer-Maple mechanism for CO oxidation over supported platinum. Refined experimental and numerical methods are described which give reliable data despite a high back-ground from the support. Of further interest is the observation of clusters in the sub-nanometer size range, that are difficult to analyse by HRTEM, and the characterisation of bimetallic colloids.
Study of saturation velocity overshoot in deep submicron silicon MOSFETS from liquid helium up to room temperature

The electron saturation velocity in Silicon MOS transistors with channel lengths in the range 0.1-0.8 μm is studied for temperatures between 4.2K and 300K. A new method for the evaluation of the saturation velocity in a MOS transistor is presented. This method enables the drift velocity at source end of the device to be determined as a function of the corresponding electric field. The results obtained by this new method are compared to the ones obtained by classically used techniques and to literature data collected on resistive gated MOS devices
Role of additives and transition metals in lubricating oil oxidation

Etude de l'oxydation d'une huile blanche et de trois huiles minerales lorsque la reaction est catalysee ou non par du cuivre ou du zinc. Etude de l'action antioxydante des dialkyldithiophosphates et dithiophosphates de zinc et des dithiocarbamates de zinc. Description des mecanismes de reaction
Condensation of some N-phthalylaminoacid with Selected Sulfa Drugs by using DCC as Condensing Agent.

Sulfa drug derivatives of some amino acids were synthesis from the condensation of protective amino acid, namely, N-phathalylDL–Valine, N–Phthalyl, D–Valine and N–Phthalyl-DL–Isoleucine with some Sulfa drugs like Sulfaacetamide Sodium and Sulfanilamide by coupling them in one step by using N-N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as condensing reagent to Furnish the corresponding amide. The condensation products have been characterized by IR, elemental analysis and 1 H-NMR . The spectroscopic data indicate that the condensation gives products with 1:1 ratio of N-phthalylaminoacid ; Sulfa drugs. The antibacterial activity of the prepared compounds were determined against several clinical microbial isolates which are: staphylococcus aurous and E. Coilby using different concentrations of each compound
Multi-view Stereo Combined with Space Propagation and Pixel-Level Refinement

This paper proposes a new general framework for multi-view dense reconstruction. We divide the dense reconstruction into three parts: depth map extraction, optimization and fusion, and we proposed some new ideas in each part. We extract depth maps by introducing space propagation, then we iterate between pixel-level updating and filtering for depth map optimization. At last, depth map fusion is executed in a highly parallel way. Our algorithm has been validated on various benchmarks and crowded scene data, and has achieved very good results in terms of efficiency, accuracy and completeness.
Azimuthal Dichroism in Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectra of Planar Molecules

The dependence of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum of molecules on the photon electric field direction is investigated by means of first-principles simulations based on density functional theory with the transition-potential approach. In addition to the well-known dependence of the NEXAFS resonances on the orientation of the electric field with respect to the molecular plane, we demonstrate that for planar molecules with sufficient in-plane anisotropy such as pentacene a dichroic effect is found with a splitting of the σ* resonance as a function of the azimuthal orientation of the photon electric field in the molecular plane. The σ* splitting is investigated as a function of the length of acenes and closely related molecules. A proper assignment of such spectral features guided by theory together with variable polarization experiments may allow one to completely determine the orientation of molecules at interfaces.
Fast ion relaxation and connement in the gas dynamic trap

Studies of the relaxation and connement of hot anisotropic ions are considered to be the key elements of the gas dynamic trap (GDT) experimental research programme. The method of connement study described consists essentially in the comparison of measured ion parameters with those predicted by computer simulations. To realize this approach a set of diagnostics for the measurements of local and global parameters of the fast ions has been developed. In particular, this set includes diagnostics to measure the local energy and the angular distribution functions. For numerical studies of the fast ion dynamics a Monte Carlo code based on the theory of two body Coulomb collisions has been elaborated. Comparison of the experimental data with the results of the simulation clearly demonstrates that the fast ion characteristic relaxation times in the warm target plasma are close to those determined by binary Coulomb collisions. Signicant anomalous energy losses or scattering of fast ions have not been observed as yet. The measurements provide a maximum density of the fast ions with mean energy of about 8 keV up to 10 13 cm 3 , in good agreement with computer simulations. The increase of the neutral beam power and improved vacuum conditions of GDT made possible the access to plasma of as high as 30%.
On nonlinear optical constants of polystyrene

Polystyrene (PS) has found known applications in integrated optics as passive waveguide [1, 2, and 3] and also as active waveguide. with organic dopant like rhodamine 6G [4]. It is transparent in the visible and NIR range and also has an ultralow waveguide loss of 0.1 dB/cm and small birefringence of 4.7x10 [1, 2, and 3]. Hu et al. [5, 6 and 7] demonstrated an all-optical-switching process in a polystyrene photonic crystal (PC). These reports have stimulated researches on nonlinear optical properties of PS. We performed nonlinear prism coupling to measure the n2 and α2 of PS waveguide at 532 nm, and change of the refractive index and absorption coefficient induced by varying the applied intensity. The absorption coefficient and refractive index values at corresponding average guided intensities. Values of n2 and α2 which were derived from the linear fitting curves in Fig.1a and b are considered as maximum possible values at 532 nm. Hu et.al. [5] reported that the shift of 5 nm was induced by 18.7 GW/cm which means ∆nPS=5/(2·220)=0.011 which corresponds to n2 = 5.9·10 cm/W. This value is 23 times of the maximum n2 value of ours. The reason is not fully understood yet. The Mw of their PS is almost 8 times higher than our PS. These facts are observed already as Mw dependence of χ, which are reported elsewhere [8 and 9]. But such a strong dependence on molecular weight is unlikely. We assume that the high repetition rate (76 MHz) of the laser system used by Hu, et. al. [6] could give rise to additional of thermal nonlinearities.
AlGaN-Free Blue III–Nitride Laser Diodes Grown on c-Plane GaN Substrates

We report on the fabrication of InGaN-based multiple-quantum-well laser diodes (LDs) emitting at 420 nm. Structures with standard claddings (p- and n-AlGaN), asymmetric claddings (p-GaN and n-AlGaN), and AlGaN-free claddings were grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on polar c-plane free-standing GaN substrates. Electrical and optical properties of each LD are presented. Thanks to an optimized design of the InGaN waveguide and active region, cw lasing of a completely AlGaN-free laser diode is demonstrated, with a threshold current density <5 kA/cm2 and a differential efficiency per facet of ∼0.4 W/A without high-reflection coatings.
Accuracy and precision of a scanning and integrating microinterferometer

Instrumental factors affecting the precision and accuracy of measurements with the Vickers M86 scanning and integrating microinterferometer were investigated. ‘Spot’ measurements of OPD (optical path difference) could be made to a precision better than 0.001 Λ (wavelengths); the coefficient of variation of scanning measurements of IOPD (integrated OPD) depended on the object, typical values being approximately ± 5% for a human erythrocyte in water, and ± 10% for a mouse sperm head in water. Repeated measurements enabled the dry mass of a specimen to be estimated to any desired precision.
From Metastable Colloidal Crystalline Arrays to Fast Responsive Mechanochromic Photonic Gels: An Organic Gel for Deformation‐Based Display Panels

An efficient and straightforward method is developed to prepare a mechanochromic photonic gel by fixing the metastable SiO2 colloidal crystalline array (CCA) in the mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) through photopolymerization. Thanks to the recent fabrication of solvent‐wrapped, metastable CCA, a high volume fraction of EG (46%) is introduced to the photonic gel before particle assembly, but not by swelling after polymerization, which leads to a more deformable composite than most reported opal gels. Compared to traditional photonic gels, this opal gel not only has improved mechanochromic sensitivity to weak external force and extended color tuning range from red to blue (Δλ = 150 nm), but also possesses fast and reversible response in millisecond level (20–200 ms), repeatable reflection signals in cycling and fatigue tests, and good resolution in response to localized deformation, which renders it an ideal deformation‐based photonic display screen. A new trigger system is designed to solve the large deformation causing color fading in conventional mechanochromic gels and brilliant red, green, and blue (RGB) pixels can be conveniently manipulated by ‘pushing’ operations.
The Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Effective Atomic Numbers of Ruby from Vietnam at Different Photon Energies

The mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of ruby from Vietnam were measured at the different energy of γ-rays using the Compton scattering technique. The compositions of ruby were analyzed by energy dispersive x-rays fluorescence spectrometer and showed the Al2O3 is major composition. The results of the experimental values of mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers showed the good agreement with the theoretical values. The mass attenuation coefficients decreased with the increasing in gamma rays energies, due to the higher photon interaction probability of ruby at lower energy. The effective atomic numbers found to be constant around 10.0 electrons/atom.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING Cassia Fistula LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Nanobiotechnology is an emerging field in biotechnology and it has vast applications in all fields. In this study silver nanoparticles has been synthesized by using Cassia fistula leaf extracts which was confirmed by using UV and FT-IR.The structure and size of synthesized nano materials was confirmed by using SEM and EDAX.The synthesized nanoparticles has effective results for antioxidant and antimicrobial studies. The anticancer effects of synthesized nanoparticles were analysed by using MCF-7 cell line and this paws a way to use silver nanoparticles as anticancer drug in future.
Polymerization Of N(p-Phenoxy-Phenyl)-Methacrylamide and Copolymerization with Styrene

N(p-Phenoxy-phenyl)methacrylamide (PhOPhMAA) prepared by condensation of methacrylic acid anhydride with p-phenoxy-phe-nylamine readily homopolymerizes and copolymerizes with styrene (St) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The copolymers prepared under different monomer-to-monomer ratios in the feed have random composition with an azeotropic point at ratio f 0.65 (St) to 0.35 (PhOPhMAA). Reactivity ratios determined by Kelen-Tudos method are r 1 (St) = 0.61; r 2 (PhOPhMAA) = 0.55. Activation energy determined by Arrhenius method is 71.2 kJ mol -1 . Poly-PhOPhMAA and poly(PhOPhMAA-co-St) are thermally stable up to 350°C under TGA conditions. Tgs and higher transition temperatures are within the thermally stable region.
The Impact of Pore Size on Methane and CO 2 Adsorption in Carbon

Methane adsorption in coal is an important factor in determining the feasibility of CO 2 injection for enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery and sequestration or permanent storage in coal. Methane and CO 2 adsorb competitively and an understanding of the isolated behavior of each gas is important for determining a model to predict the feasibility of this as an abatement option. Coal is very heterogeneous with pores on the macro, meso, and micro-scale, and the distribution of these pore sizes will affect adsorption behavior. At some pore size the interaction of particles adsorbing to the opposite sides of the pore will begin to effect each other and the adsorption characteristics of the material. To find the size at which these effects become detectable and to determine the magnitude of this impact we have used grand canonical monte carlo simulation to separately calculate the adsorption isotherms of methane and CO 2 across a range of pore sizes and at different temperature/pressure conditions. These isotherms have been calculated on graphene and graphite surfaces as an initial model to coal and the critical pore sizes and varying levels of impact have been calculated.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of cephradine metal complexes

Cephradine (Hcephra) interacts with transition metal ions to give [Fe(cephra)Cl2] and [M(cephra)Cl] complexes (M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) which were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods; a tetrahedral geometry is suggested for their structures where cephradine behaves as monoanionic tridentate ligand. The complexes have been screened for antibacterial activity against several bacteria, and the results showed that all metal complexes tested had lower antibiotic activity than the free ligand.