Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revision 1 Incorporation of Fe 2 + and Fe 3 + in bridgmanite during magma ocean crystallization

Using large volume press, samples of bridgmanites (Bg) in equilibrium with both silicate melt and liquid Fe-alloy were synthesized in order to replicate the early period of core-mantle segregation and magma ocean crystallization. We observe that the Fe partition coefficient between Bg and silicate melt (DFe) varies strongly with the degree of partial melting (F). It is close to 1 at very low F and adopts a constant value of ~0.3 for F values above 10 wt%. In the context of a partially molten mantle, a larger F (closer to liquidus) should yield Fe-depleted Bg grains floating in the liquid mantle. In contrast, a low F (closer to solidus) should yield buoyant pockets of silicate melt in the dominantly-solid mantle. We also determined the valence state of Fe in these Bg phases using X-Ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Combining our results with all available data sets, we show a redox state of Fe in Bg more complex than generally accepted. Under the reducing oxygen fugacities (fO2) of this study ranging from IW-1.5 and IW-2, the measured Fe content of Bg is found moderate (Fe/ΣFe = 21 ±4 %) and weakly correlated with Al-content.
Teleoperated service robot s: a new industrial revolution

Teleoperated service robots is a new branche of robotics, different from well-established industry robots and the upcoming humanoids. The main difference is that they are able to perform in principle all tasks a human can do, but not completely autonomous. There is a human operator “in the loop”, but this operator does not have to be at the same location as where the robot is performing his task. This means that we are able to decouple the location where an operator resides and the location where his actions are performed. This decoupling could cause a new industrial revolution. In the paper we sketch the main characteristics of teleoperated service robots, the potential economical impact of them and the challenges to realize them
Access in Vocational Education and Training Research

The article presents a research project at the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training in Germany and reflects the perspective of researchers in the field of vocational education and training (VET). It investigates the technical and structural, policy-related, and normative and inherent academic research conditions exerting an influence on the acceptance, dissemination, and use of Open Access (OA). The research project focuses on the German-speaking countries. VET research represents an interlinking of various related academic research areas, rather than comprising a stand-alone discipline. Therefore, the assumption must be that the results of the project will be at least partially transferable to other fields within the social sciences and the humanities and will thus contribute towards findings with regard to OA across the whole of the latter domain. The background to the project is underpinned by science communication and by media theory. The empirical basis of the study has its foundations in a Sequential Mixed Method Design with a qualitative strand, followed by a quantitative strand. The qualitative exploration via focus groups will lead to hypotheses for the online survey. The online survey will be aimed at academic researchers from various disciplines who share common ground in that they address topics that are related to VET research. The realisation of the research project is planned for 2018–2020.
Theoretical research into the power and energy performance of agricultural tractors

The widespread use of a great number of different types and manufacturer brands of tractors in agricultural use raises several important questions. These all concern the implementation of the criteria which may be involved in making the right choice in regard to a particular power unit that is capable of delivering the required result during the subsequent course of that unit’s service life. Even more importantly, the result should be an economically sound one. Despite the fact that tractor theory offers a sufficient number of scientifically grounded criteria that characterise agricultural power units with respect to their particular properties, the engine power rating remains the most widely used and decisive figure – and the factor which defines the ultimate choice of power unit. Meanwhile, the traction properties of tractors, especially in case of wheeled tractors, should be of prime importance as these properties determine the maximum measures that can be taken in relation to efficiency levels in power units as parts of various unitised agricultural machines. Currently, in most areas around the world, the traction and energy performance of wheeled tractors is determined using the same common method, one which is based upon the tractor’s power balance. But when taking into account the ever-increasing requirements for protecting the soil, the aforementioned method needs corresponding upgrading with respect to the destructive effect of the wheeled running gear of agricultural tractors on the soil’s structure. The aim of this study is to develop a new method of determining the minimum required engine power rating for an agricultural wheeled tractor, as well as its operating mass and energy saturation rate when considering the linear type of dependence for its running gear slipping due to the tractive force being generated. The research utilises standard tractor theory and numerical computation methods. The completed study resulted in several updated and new analytical dependences, all of which can be used to define the tractive power of a wheeled tractor, taking into account the linear type of relationship between wheel slip, operating mass, and energy saturation rate. The data that is obtained through computational methods show that the classification of various wheeled tractors with regard to their traction or their traction and power category using the new method will subsequently allow more accurate calculations to be effected when it comes to unitising various agricultural machines, which should help to ensure an improvement in their overall performance levels.
A Study On Performance Of Induction Generators In Wind Power Systems And System Harmonic Reduction By Using Shunt Active Filter

The main reason behind using the induction generators integrated with the wind turbine is to extract maximum power. In order to achieve the maximum power we must select the best induction generator available with us. So that we go for comparing the performance of two induction generators i. e. squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Through this we can connect the IG directly to the grid and have a proper control over the active and reactive power. These two systems are modeled by using the mat lab and then it is tested with the maximum power extraction algorithm. In order to get proper control over the voltage and power at the generator terminals we propose field oriented control. Here we employ IGBT instead of ac/dc/ac converter which uses pulse width modulation (PWM) for better interfacing between the IG and the grid. But practically loads are not always linear and they sometime changes to non-linear conditions so we must compensate the non-linearity characteristics such as the harmonic content and also the improvement in the power factor by connecting shunt active filters across the non-linear loads.
Sound localization with a model of the medial superior olive

The human auditory system extracts both spectral and temporal features of sound signals, which might be the reason why it still outperforms automatic speech recognition systems in adverse acoustic conditions. In the auditory nerve, rate-place coding transmits spectral features of sound, while fine-grained temporal information (e.g. due to phase locking) is captured by precise timing of the nerve-action potentials. During the last decades, we [1] and others (e.g. [3]) have developed and evaluated auditory models, which provide realistic spike trains of the auditory nerve for arbitrary stimuli (see our review [10]). We can now apply these models to study (temporal) processing in the neuronal auditory pathway by connecting them with model neurons and whole neuronal networks. In this report, we focus on a model of the medial superior olive (MSO), which plays an important role in sound localization.
Towards an end-to-end speech recognizer for Portuguese using deep neural networks

This paper presents an open-source character-based end-to-end speech recognition system for Brazilian Portuguese (PT-BR). The first step of the work was the development of a PT-BR dataset—an ensemble of 4 previous datasets (of which 3 publicly available). The model trained on this dataset is a bidirectional long short-term memory network using connectionist temporal classification for end-to-end training. Several tests were conducted to find the best set of hyperparameters. Without a language model, the system achieves a label error rate of 31.53% on the test set, about 17% higher than commercial systems with a language model. This first effort shows that an all-neural highperformance speech recognition system for PT-BR is feasible. Keywords— deep learning; speech recognition; recurrent networks; connectionist temporal classification
Contemporary Strategic Approaches towards Sustainable Competitiveness in the Kenyan Banking Industry

Today’s local and global banking industry, like other business sectors is constantly under terrific fluidity occasioned by various factors that not only pose new challenges but also offer unique opportunities to the industry players. Technological developments, heightened customer expectations and increased levels of competition are just but a few among a plurality of factors that have heightened competition in the banking industry. This has compelled the industry players to develop new approaches and strategies as they seek to remain relevant and sustain competitiveness in such a dynamic industry. This paper is a narrative review of some of the current trending strategies adopted by leading banks in Kenya. Literature related to current innovative strategies adopted by Kenyan banks was analyzed from secondary sources, including research publications, and various banks’ reports in the last four years. Some of the strategies discussed include; aggressive focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and low income earners; Various forms of diversification; Mobile banking; increased branch network through agency banking and ensuring easy accessibility and affordable banks products. The paper concludes that in order for banks operating in the Kenyan environment to succeed, they must continue to invest in and enhance the identified strategies so as to build and sustain their competitive fronts towards optimal performance. This paper recommends continued search and investment in technologically enabled products that enhance customer convenience and flexibility, diversified financial services, attracting and maintaining of masses through strong branch networks and partnerships as these are fundamental for any bank seeking to hold a strategic position in the Kenyan Banking Industry. Finally, the paper recommends that government and other regulatory bodies should set policies that encourage and reward innovation by commercial banks as this will not only enhance performance of these institutions but will also have a positive impact in the country’s social economic development.
Thermoluminescence and Kinetic Parameters of-Exposed Sr 3 B 2 O 6 : Sm 3 +

In this paper, we have studied the thermoluminescence (TL) response of Sm 3+ doped Sr3B2O6 nanophosphors synthesized by combustion method using metal nitrate as precursor and urea as fuel. A broad TL peak was observed at 400K with a shoulder at 500K. The crystalline structure of the nanophosphors was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction with the average crystallite size of 41 nm which was cross verified by transmission electron microscopy. The samples were irradiated with a γ-dose using 60 Co source in the range 1000 Gy  5000 Gy at room temperature. The effect of different heating rates at a fixed dose has also been discussed. TLAnal program and Chen’s method were used to determine the kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b), and frequency factor (s) of different peaks present in the Sr3B 2O6:Sm 3+ nanophosphor. Keywords— Combustion synthesis; X-ray diffraction; Thermoluminescence. PACS Code— 81.20. Ka; 61.05. cp; 78.60. Kn
Performance effects on HPC workloads of global memory capacity sharing

While most HPC systems use the traditional “shared nothing” sys-tem architecture, with self-contained nodes communicating via the device I/O and associated software layers, there are several ongoing initiatives to build systems that share resources at a coarser granularity, even across the whole machine. Such systems open up new opportunities for resource allocation, in which memory is managed as a shared resource, with an aim to improve time to completion and/or throughput of production workloads. This is expected to be especially beneficial due to the large differences in HPC workloads memory bandwidths and per-node memory footprints. As a first step towards tackling the resource allocation problem, this paper provides a simulation-based methodology for character-ising the effect of memory capacity sharing on performance. The simulation methodology allows characterisation of performance on architectures that are not yet readily available, and it enables co-design of the architecture. To that end, we extend MUSA, a multi-node simulator [13], to simulate an infrastructure that implements inter-node memory capacity sharing. We carried out experiments on real-world HPC workloads: AMG, SPECFEM3D and HYDRO and evaluated the simulations when 50% and 100% of the requests from the remote workload are contending for memory on the local node. Our results show that complementary workloads experience a performance impact of 20%, respective to their baselines.
The effect of IL-22 on the migration and invasion of cervical cancer through Wnt / β-catenin pathway

The present study was aimed to detect the effect of IL-22 on the migration and invasion of cervical cancer.Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) and normal human fibroblasts (NFs) were obtained from patients. The cell morphology observation was conductedusing a microscope, the expressions of vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) were examined to identity CAFs and NFs. The IL-22 concentration in supernatant was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Hela cells were treated with normal medium, NF supernatant, CAF supernatant, CAF supernatant + IL-22 antibody, or IL-22, respectively. Thereafter, the transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed. The expression of β-catenin was observed by immunofluorescence analysis. The expressions of E-cadherin, Cytokeratin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin and Dishevelled-2 (DVL2) were measured by western blot. As a result, the CAFs and NFs were successfully isolated. The IL-22 content in CAF supernatant was higher than that in NF supernatant. With the treatment of CAF supernatant and IL-22, the migrative and invasive property of Hela cell was increased, which was moderated by CAF supernatant + IL-22 antibody. Whereas the NF supernatant could inhibit the cellular migration and invasion.The administration of CAF supernatant and IL-22 downregulated the expressions of E-cadherin, Cytokeratin, and upregulated the advbiomed.0002. 2018 Advances in biology and medicine, 2018,Vol.3(No.1),pp:18-35 19 www.advbiomed. org expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin, DVL2.Nonetheless, the NF supernatant markedly reversed these alterations. The CAF supernatant + IL-22 antibody treatmentscarcely influenced the protein levels. In conclusion, IL-22-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could promote migration, metastasis and invasion in cervical carcinoma possibly through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Real-time Non-Photorealistic Viewfinder on the Tegra 3 Platform

Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), or “stylization,” of an image is an important technique in computer graphics that is relevant to a variety of applications, such as effective visual communication, augmented virtual reality, and image compression. In this report, we present an NPR viewfinder built on top of the FCam framework for mobile computational photography [Adams et al. 2010]. The NPR viewfinder stylizes live, 640 × 480 video in real-time at over 10 frames per second. We achieve this performance by making use of the tablet’s GPU hardware for the relevant image processing steps. Specifically, we perform bilateral filtering, edge detection, and color quantization on the GPU. Our software architecture for GPU integration is a lightweight addition to the FCam framework, and can be used to implement other GPU-based image filters in addition to the NPR filters described here. In contrast to off-line processing, our on-line NPR viewfinder can leverage additional hardware of the mobile camera for novel effects. As proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the use of FCam’s flash hardware to separate the foreground from the background within a scene. We then use this segregation to apply NPR selectively, e.g. stylizing only the scene background.
Development of Software Requirement Analysis Tool for NPP Software Fields Based on Software Inspection and Formal Method

This article introduces a computer-aided software requirement analysis tool, Software Inspection Support & Requirement Traceability (SIS-RT), which has inspection, traceability analysis, and formal analysis capabilities. Inspection and requirement traceability analysis are widely believed to be the most effective software verification and validation (V&V) methods. Though formal methods are also considered as an effective V&V harness, they are not easy to be used properly in nuclear fields because of their mathematical nature. These techniques are labor-intensive and thus are required to be partially automated. SIS-RT is designed to partially automate the software inspection process and requirement traceability analysis. Toward easy inspection and effective use of formal method, SIS-RT has three kinds of view; Inspection View, Traceability View, and Structure View. After further development efforts, SIS-RT will turn out to be a unique and promising software requirement analysis tool.
An Efficient Approximation for Gaussian Process Regression

Gaussian processes are a powerful tool for regression problems. Beside computing regression curves using predictive mean values, the uncertainty of the estimations can be computed in terms of predictive variances. However, the complexity of learning and testing the model is often too large for practical use. We present an efficient approximation of the Gaussian process regression framework leading to reduced complexities of both runtime and memory. The idea is to approximate Gaussian process predictive mean and variance using a special diagonal matrix instead of the full kernel matrix. We show that this simple diagonal matrix approximation of the Gaussian process predictive variance is a true upper bound for the exact variance. Experimental results are presented for a standard regression task.
FIV 2018-142 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A FLAPPING MOTION DOWNSTREAM OF A BACKWARD FACING STEP

The flow field downstream of a backward facing step with Reynolds numbers of 1050-3890 were studied using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) with fieldof-views perpendicular to the incoming flow. It was found that the separated shear layer underwent a flapping motion with a frequency of f H/Uo . 0.04, much smaller than the shedding frequency ( f H/Uo ≈ 0.1) for Reynolds number larger than 2000. Here H is the step height and Uo is the freestream velocity. The low frequency flapping motion appeared to be coherent in the spanwise direction. The cause of the flapping motion is still not clear. NOMENCLATURE Fuu,Fvv,Fww, Power spectra of the streamwise, vertical and spanwise fluctuating velocity u, v and w Fyy Power spectra of the instantaneous shear layer location y0.5 f Frequency, Hz fs Sample frequency, Hz H Step height, m n Samples of each data block, m Re Reynolds number, UoH/ν T Sampling time per block, s Uo Freestream velocity, m/s W Step width, m x,y,z Spatial coordinates, m y0.5 Position where velocity is 0.5Uo, m γyy Coherence of the instantaneous shear layer location y0.5 θ Momentum thickness, m ν Kinematic viscosity, m2/s INTRODUCTION The interests over the dynamic behaviours of the flow separated from a backward facing step are increasing recently [1–5]. Large scale structures were found to roll up downstream of the step corner due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at a characteristic frequency scaled with the initial momentum thickness θo and the freestream velocity, f θo/Uo ≈ 0.01 [6]. The characteristic frequency of the flow structures decreases to f H/Uo ≈ 0.2 (or f Xr/Uo ≈ 0.6 to 1.0 where Xr is the mean reattachment length) near the mean reattachment point [7–10]. The characteristic frequency further decreased to f H/Uo ≈ 0.1 downstream of the reattachment point [8, 11–13]. The motion with the frequency
GARCH-Jump Models with Regime-Switching Conditional Volatility and Jump Intensity

The paper presents two types of regime-switching GARCH-jump models with autoregressive jump intensity to model the non-linearity in return series. The first model is a Markov regime-switching model which generalizes the GARCH model by distinguishing two regimes with different GARCH volatility and jump intensity levels. As the regimes are unknown to the econometricians in Markov regime-switching models which lead to difficulty in forecasting, we also build a threshold GARCH-jump model with an exogenous threshold variable. The stationary conditions and moments of returns are derived for the threshold GARCH-jump model. Using Japanese YEN-US Dollar exchange rate, we show that both types of regime-switching models work much better than the traditional GARCH model for in-sample period. Constructing realized volatility from 5-minute intraday data for evaluation, threshold GARCH-jump model makes better forecasts than the single regime autoregressive jump intensity model and the GARCH (1,1) model. ∗I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Professor John Knight for his excellent guidance and support. I would like to thank Professor Dinghai Xu for providing high frequency data of Japanese Yen-US Dollar spot exchange rate. I am responsible for all errors.
Equivalent Static Wind Loading on Buildings : A New Perspective

A framework for evaluating the equivalent static win d load (ESWL) for any given peak response of buildings characterized by uncoupled motions in the three primary directions is presented. This includes a new description of the background loading based on the gust loading envelope, whereas the resonant compo nent is described in terms of the inertial loading. The ESWL for the total peak response is then expressed as a linear combination of the background and resonant components. A closed -form formulation of the ESWL based on this framework utilizing an analyti cal wind loading model is presented. The gust response factors and ESWLs for various alongwind response components at different building elevations are discussed to highlight advantages of the proposed scheme.