Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propagation of semantic information between orthophoto and 3D replica: a H-BIM system for the north transept of Pisa Cathedral

Abstract This contribution proposes a methodological approach for the transfer of annotations between orthophotos and 3D digital heritage models, relying on a mesh-based/point-based representation. The workflow leverages on the exploitation of 2D/3D projective relations and on the identification, propagation, modelling and tiling of virtual models of architectural heritage. Referring to the significant case study of Pisa Cathedral, the method is tested to ensure an informative continuum between 2D medias and 3D representations, in terms of morphology, geometry and semantic enrichment. At first, a high resolution ortho-photo is created to support studies related to conservation and restoration, e.g. to highlight degradation patterns and materials as well as to distinguish cracks, frescoed surfaces, decorations. Then, the information is translated from the 2D support to a virtual 3D mockup: this step is essential to ensure a complete understanding of the architectural heritage object, that can thus be studied in its entirety, considering its morphological complexities. The proposed approach provides a more effective system for the transfer and exchange of semantic information from high-resolution orthophotos to semantically rich 3D models, that can be fundamental even in view of the construction of Heritage-Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) environments.
A Novel Method for Tooth Bending Stress Calculation of Gears With Asymmetric Teeth

Today, gear designs with asymmetric tooth profiles offer essential solutions in reducing tooth root stresses of gears. Although numerical, analytical, and experimental studies are carried out to calculate the bending stresses in gears with asymmetric tooth profiles a standard or a simplified equation or empirical statement has not been encountered in the literature. In this study, a novel bending stress calculation procedure for gears with asymmetric tooth profiles is developed using both the DIN3990 standard and the finite element method. The bending stresses of gears with symmetrical profile were determined by the developed finite element model and was verified by comparing the results with the DIN 3990 standard. Using the verified finite element model, by changing the drive side pressure angle between 20° and 30° and the number of teeth between 18 and 100, 66 different cases were examined and the bending stresses in gears with asymmetric profile were determined. As a result of the analysis, a new asymmetric factor was derived. By adding the obtained asymmetric factor to the DIN 3390 formula, a new equation has been derived to be used in tooth bending stresses of gears with asymmetric profile. Thanks to this equation, designers will be able to calculate tooth bending stresses with high precision in gears with asymmetric tooth profile without the need for finite element analysis.
The driving force for co-translational protein folding is weaker in the ribosome vestibule due to greater water ordering

Interactions between the ribosome and nascent chain can destabilize folded domains in the ribosome exit tunnel's vestibule, the last 3 nm of the exit tunnel where tertiary folding can occur. Here, we test if a contribution to this destabilization is a weakening of hydrophobic association, the driving force for protein folding. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate the potential-of-mean force between two methane molecules along the center line of the ribosome exit tunnel and in bulk solution. Associated methanes, we find, are half as stable in the ribosome's vestibule as compared to bulk solution, demonstrating that the hydrophobic effect is weakened by the presence of the ribosome. This decreased stability arises from a decrease in the amount of water entropy gained upon the association of the methanes. And this decreased entropy gain originates from water molecules being more ordered in the vestibule as compared to bulk solution. Therefore, the hydrophobic effect is weaker in the vestibule because waters released from the first solvation shell of methanes upon association do not gain as much entropy in the vestibule as they do upon release in bulk solution. These findings mean that nascent proteins pass through a ribosome vestibule environment that can destabilize folded structures, which has the potential to influence co-translational protein folding pathways, energetics, and kinetics.
Drivers of the Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in the Topsoil Under Pinus Hartwegii Lindl. Forest, Along an Elevation Gradient in Central Mexico

Background: Mountain forest soils (≥2,500 m a.s.l.[1]), where elevation is crucial in the ecosystem dynamic, have a great capacity to capture and preserve carbon for a long time. The aim of this research was to determine the role of elevation combined with soil, climate, and vegetation variables on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks distribution under P. hartwegii in the Nevado de Toluca Volcano, a protected area in Mexico. Topsoil samples (0-15 cm depth) collected every 100 m in elevation (3,400-4,000 m) were chemically and physically examined in statistical analysis together with vegetation structure and climate variables. Derived from field forest conditions, elevation plots were additional analyzed as logged (3,400-3,800 m) vs no-logged (3,900-4,000 m). Results: SOC stocks followed a significant linear trend (r2= 0.70; p= 0.02) along the elevation gradient, being highest at 4,000 m (173.1 ± 5.2 Mg C ha-1) and lowest at 3,700 m (146.8 Mg C ha-1). Multiple regression analyses showed that SOM, BD, and mean annual temperature (MAT) were the main abiotic drivers of SOC stocks variability (94.5 %) along the elevation gradient. Meanwhile, from the logistic multiple regression, higher tree shrubs and herbs density, in addition to lower tree height and grass cover at lower elevations, indicate a significant effect of logging on soil traits and vegetation structure, depending on the elevation plot. Conclusions: This research evaluated the SOC stocks and the potential effect of current warming over mountain soils, using the elevation as a proxy for both environmental and human drivers of SOC stocks in mountain forest ecosystems. Higher SOM and grass cover, larger-diameter trees together with low temperatures and logging restrictions in the high elevation range suggest a slower decomposition rate and SOC long-term stability. Despite the fact that we do not know about the intensity and cutting cycle, nor the size of the clearings derived from the trees removed, results from this research show how logging could exacerbate these effects and diminish SOC stocks, as well as the capacity of mountain soils to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Does Corporate Citizenship Influence Auditors’ Perceptions of the Credibility of Management in Relation to Financial Reports?

This paper examines whether the distributional fairness dimensions of corporate citizenship influence auditors’ assessments of source credibility in relation to financial reporting, as reflected in audit fees. Grounded in the traditional view of corporate citizenship as social contributions that reflect distributional fairness, the analysis uses three measures that are not widely considered in the corporate social responsibility literature: tax fairness, wage fairness and philanthropy. We obtain robust evidence that tax fairness and philanthropy, and some evidence that wage fairness, are negatively related to audit fees. It appears that the philanthropy effect may be dominated by domestic philanthropy. Overall, the results are consistent with the proposition that auditors attach more credibility (or less risk of misstatement) to management assertions when a corporation demonstrates a higher level of corporate citizenship in terms of distributional fairness.
An Economic Analysis of Poaching: Linking with Village Characteristics surrounding A Protected Area

ABSTRACT Poaching represents one of the most important issues in wildlife management and biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we analyzed effects of socioeconomic, institutional, and locational characteristics of villages in the periphery of the W Reserve in West Africa on poaching. We used a reduced form model and unique data from 93 villages. Our empirical results showed that population size and distance of the villages to the reserve were related to poaching in the reserve. Villages with larger populations and in closer proximity to the reserve were associated with greater poaching in the reserve. Overall, these results suggest that policies to reduce poaching in the reserve must be considered in a comprehensive framework and include migration incentives for villages with larger populations and are closer to the reserve.
Using Disability Studies in Education (dse) and Professional Development Schools (pds) to Implement Inclusive Practices

This article highlights ways in which disability studies in education (dse) and professional development school (pds) partnerships can be used to provide students with disability labels more access to inclusive classrooms. The authors of this qualitative exploratory case study interviewed 16 teacher and administration pds steering committee members to better understand how students with disability labels could be supported through the development and implementation of dse-informed inclusive practices. The findings indicate that instituting proactive communication structures, providing ongoing dse-informed professional development to teachers, administration, and staff, and teachers taking inclusive action increased the number of students with disability labels accessing general education classrooms. These findings, while a work in progress, show how members of one pds steering committee took steps to resist deficit models of disability and questioned traditional segregated approaches to special education at their school.
ARTIFICIAL AGING COMPARISON BETWEEN HIGH SOLID AND THREE LAYER PAINT SYSTEM

Due to the usage of the conversional high solid topcoat paint cycle and three-layer paint cycle system on vehicle body high bake aesthetical painting process, there is so much controversial opinion on last decade about aging performance of these two-painting system. Generally, vehicle manufacturers prefer three-layer aesthetical paint cycle on vehicle body. This cycle is formed as respectively primer layer, coloured basecoat layer and transparent clearcoat layer. High solid systems are generally applied by vehicle manufacturers to obtain value optimization when compared with three-layer paint system. On the other hand, UV and atmospheric aging resistance is not competitive as three-layer paint system. This is the main focussing point of manufacturers choice. In this study, these two paint systems artificial aging resistance (SAE J2527-2500 kj) compared. In order to understand situation in numeric system, the gloss and colour values were measured. In this comparison, solid white colour was chosen due to its easiness to obtain for both paint cycle system and being pure colour. At the end of study it was seen that until 60 % percent of test, colour & gloss properties behave not durable and there are main changings as colour and gloss values.
Identifikasi Karakterstik Molekuler Gen 16S rRNA Parsial pada Paus Sperma (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758)

Paus sperma (Physeter macrocephalus) merupakan salah satu mamalia laut yang dikategorikan dalam status vulnerable pada IUCN dan status Appendix I pada CITES. Identitas asli dari paus sperma secara molekuler dapat ditelusuri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik molekuler paus sperma (P. macrocephalus) berdasarkan gen 16s rRNA parsial. Tiga contoh jaringan paus sperma yang dianalisis berasal dari perairan Laut Sawu, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan sekuen basa nukleotida gen parsial 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa ketiga contoh memiliki kemiripan dengan Physeter catodon sebesar 99%, dimana P. catodon merupakan sinonim dari P. macrocephalus. Pensejajaran sekuen nukleotida dengan outgroup (Balaenoptera physalus dan Balaena mysticetus) didapatkan nilai jarak genetik ketiga contoh dengan outgroup berkisar antara 0,0093–0,0726. Selain itu, didapatkan 25 nukleotida spesifik P. macrocephalus yang mampu membedakan dari spesies outgroup. Penelitian ini mampu memvalidasi spesies P. macrocephalus berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan dapat dijadikan sebagai marka molekuler yang kuat untuk identifikasi P. macrocephalus.
Designing virtual team projects with accessibility in mind: an illustrative example of cross‐cultural student collaboration

We report on the results of the second-year study of an interdisciplinary, international collaboration among students and instructors at one European and two US universities. The purpose of the study was to examine whether our changing four pedagogical elements from Year 1 to Year 2 affected the students’ perceptions of learning. The primary purpose of the pedagogical collaboration itself was to involve students in authentic collaborative learning activities intended to support them in developing an understanding of disability and accessibility concepts in a business context. Students in a business English course proposed start-up companies and created business plans for their ventures. Students in an introductory professional writing course designed websites for the planned businesses, while students in a gateway technical communication course served as advisors to the other two classes regarding how to make the proposed businesses and websites accessible to people with disabilities. We collected quantitative and qualitative data through pre- and post-project surveys. These data were supplemented with qualitative data from student interactions, student submissions (work products), video conference meeting minutes, and instructors’ notes. The analysis revealed that students reported increased awareness of disability and openness to finding solutions for accessibility issues.
AI for development: implications for theory and practice

ABSTRACT The arrival of AI technology promises to add a fascinating new chapter to development theory and practice. Current studies have made good progress in examining the potential contributions of AI to achieving sustainable development goals and addressing challenges in specific development areas (poverty, global health, human rights, environment etc.). However, four lessons stand out when considering the impact of future research on the AI/development nexus: learning how to access and combine data from multiple sources, how to master AI techniques to extract analytical insight, how to build socially impactful AI solutions, and how to apply AI to development in an ethically responsible fashion. This paper makes the argument that AI could radically transform development theory and practice by prompting a rethinking of how data and algorithms come together to generate insights into the way in which development challenges are identified, studied, and managed.
Guided Spatial Transformers for Facial Expression Recognition

Spatial Transformer Networks are considered a powerful algorithm to learn the main areas of an image, but still, they could be more efficient by receiving images with embedded expert knowledge. This paper aims to improve the performance of conventional Spatial Transformers when applied to Facial Expression Recognition. Based on the Spatial Transformers’ capacity of spatial manipulation within networks, we propose different extensions to these models where effective attentional regions are captured employing facial landmarks or facial visual saliency maps. This specific attentional information is then hardcoded to guide the Spatial Transformers to learn the spatial transformations that best fit the proposed regions for better recognition results. For this study, we use two datasets: AffectNet and FER-2013. For AffectNet, we achieve a 0.35% point absolute improvement relative to the traditional Spatial Transformer, whereas for FER-2013, our solution gets an increase of 1.49% when models are fine-tuned with the Affectnet pre-trained weights.
A Review on Synthesis of Quinoline Analogs as Antimalarial, Antibacterial and Anticancer agents

Numerous natural products possessing quinoline moiety exhibit interesting biological and pharmacological properties, such as antimalarial, antibacterial, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antileishmanial, and anticancer activity. Surprising, quinoline scaffold has been used to synthesize antimalarial, antibacterial and anticancer drugs. This article provides update on the latest development in synthesis and biological evaluation of antimalarial, antibacterial and anticancer quinoline analogs. The new synthetic methodologies and the biological activities of the new quinoline analogs in the three areas were focused. Key words: antimalarial, antibacterial, anticancer and quinoline
Supply chain resilience in mindful humanitarian aid organizations: the role of big data analytics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the nomological network of associations between collective mindfulness and big data analytics in fostering resilient humanitarian relief supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conceptualize a research model grounded in literature and test the hypotheses using survey data collected from informants at humanitarian aid organizations in Africa and Europe.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that organizational mindfulness is key to enabling resilient humanitarian relief supply chains, as opposed to just big data analytics.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine organizational mindfulness and big data analytics in the context of humanitarian relief supply chains.
How Have IMF Priorities Evolved? A Text Mining Approach

This paper assess how priorities of the IMF’s membership have evolved over the past two decades, by using text mining techniques on a unique dataset combining IMFC communiques and constituency statements. Our results reveal significant variation in priorities across time and constituencies. Statements can be characterized by the weight which they place on three key priorities: (i) growth; (ii) debt and development; and (iii) crisis management and quota reform. Sentiment analysis techniques also show that addressing climate change is a topic which is viewed positively by an increasing number of constituencies.
STUDENT BARRIERS TO PROSPECTS OF ONLINE LEARNING IN VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study was conducted to investigate student barriers to the prospect of online learning in Vietnam, in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. This mixed-method study attracted the participation of 1165 students from twelve universities and nine high schools across thirteen provinces in the Mekong Delta. The findings revealed the additional three obstacles from the qualitative data analysis including (1) geographical features, (2) the economic status of Vietnamese people, and (3) Vietnamese culture and traditions in addition to the six groups of barriers being re-confirmed from Berge's framework (2005). The results of Binary Logistic Regression testified the negative impacts of obstacles in Learner Motivation, Cost and Access to the Internet, and Social Interaction on the prospects of online learning, though it is predicted to go farther in education in Vietnam in the future.
(a-)Topics and animacy

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we intend to contribute to the debate on the identification of the features to which syntactic locality expressed in terms of the featural Relativized Minimality/fRM principle appears to be sensitive (Rizzi 2004; Friedmann, Belletti & Rizzi 2009); second, we aim at providing a better characterization of the distributional and interpretive properties of the process of a-marking in the Topic position of the Italian left periphery identified by syntactic cartography, in relation to (in)animacy (Belletti & Manetti 2018). To these aims, we examined the role of animacy in a production experiment eliciting left dislocated topics with 5-year-old children. To the extent that a-marking is related to a kind of affectedness of object topics (Belletti 2018a), we examined whether an inanimate left dislocated object could constitute a felicitous a-Topic. Furthermore, the question whether complexity effects are modulated in the computation of fRM in an animacy mismatch condition (between an inanimate left dislocated object and an intervening (animate) lexical subject) is also addressed within the context of ClLDs. Our results show that, in the tested animacy mismatch condition, children seldom a-marked the pre-posed object. Instead, they appeared to creatively explore other solutions to overcome the production of the hard intervention structure, mainly using null subjects. As children are not ready to compute the intervention configuration with a lexical preverbal subject, but could not naturally adjust it through a-marking of the inanimate topic, they ended up opting for different types of productions in which intervention was eliminated. If the animacy feature seems to be implicated in the process of a-marking to some extent, it is not a feature to which the fRM principle is sensitive in building the object A’-dependency in ClLD: we conclude, in line with previous work, that animacy is not among the features implicated in triggering syntactic movement (in Italian).
Inter-population synchrony in adult survival and effects of climate and extreme weather in non-breeding areas of Atlantic puffins

Seabirds are undergoing drastic declines globally and spend the non-breeding season at sea, making it challenging to study the drivers of their survival. Harsh weather and changes in climate conditions can have drastic impacts on seabird population dynamics through increased mortality. The intensity and persistence of extreme events are forecasted to increase with global warming. As shared conditions can induce population synchrony, multi-population studies of key demographic parameters are imperative to explore the influence of climate change. We used long-term mark-recapture data and position (GLS) data to determine non-breeding stop-over areas of five Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) populations over a latitudinal gradient in the north-eastern Atlantic (56°11’–70°23’N). We investigated synchrony in adult survival in relation to shared stop-over areas. We quantified effects of extreme extra-tropical cyclones (ETC) specific to populations’ stop-over areas and the North Atlantic Oscillation on adult survival. Populations with overlapping stop-over areas exhibited temporal synchrony in survival rates. Winter ETCs negatively influenced survival in one population, which was the one most exposed to extreme weather, but did not directly influence adult survival in the other four populations. Synchrony among populations with shared stop-over areas highlights the importance of these areas for adult survival, a key life-history rate. However, extreme weather was not identified as a driving factor for four of the population. This suggests other factors in these areas, likely related to bottom-up trophic interactions, as environmental drivers of synchrony in the survival of Atlantic puffins.