Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of Analyzing Techniques in Technical Challenges related to Distributed Generation

The need for alternate source of energy, to fulfill energy demand, necessitated introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) technologies. DG brings in many benefits such as high reliability, security, efficiency in operation, low power losses and low carbon emissions. But, the presence of DGs in the distribution grid also creates various technical challenges, in terms of power quality (harmonics, flickers, voltage swell and voltage sags), stability(voltage stability, transient stability and small signal stability) according to the penetration level and protection related issues (islanding, coordination, fault level, blinding of protection and false tripping). For efficient and accurate operation of distribution system with DG technologies, whether renewable or non-renewable, the above challenges need to be addressed through analysis and control. This paper provides an overview of different analyzing techniques for the technical issues that affect the operation of distribution system.
Comparative Study of Different Intensity Hue Saturation based Image Fusion Techniques in Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing is the process of gathering information about a particular area or an object from a distance usually from an aircraft or satellites. There are two types of sensors that are popular among remote sensing (RS) applications, one capable of providing images having good spatial resolution known as the Panchromatic Image (PAN) and another with a good spectral resolution, known as the Multispectral image (MS). Even though spatial information of the PAN image is relatively high, the associated spectral information is less. Similarly, for the MS image, the spectral information is more while lacking spatial information. This accounts for the need for a technique known as image fusion. Combining the information of an object or an area obtained from different sensors to produce a single fused image is the main concept behind image fusion. This paper is written to study the different image fusion techniques based on Intensity Hue Saturation (IHS) and to have a comparative study of these methods. IHS based image fusion techniques are considered in this paper as it is the simplest and most common image fusion technique among different remote sensing applications.
Faculty and Student Perceptions of Using E-Books in a Small Academic Institution

Libraries and non-libraries are involved in digitization projects. Academic libraries are purchasing access to e-books for their campuses. Are faculty and students using them? This paper will present a review of the discussions taking place in the literature, the results of a survey of the perceptions that faculty and students have of using e-books at a small liberal arts university, and project the future of e-books based on several criteria. The concept of e-books has been around for a long time, particularly in fantasy and science fiction genre writings. However, it was not until the advances in computer technologies in the late 1980s that the concept moved into the realm of practicality. In the late 1990s, several companies marketed commercially viable e-book systems (Doman 2001). By early 2001, more than 18 e-book systems were available on the market. Most of these systems have since disappeared. There have been a few producers that have continued to develop and adapt their systems in an attempt to garner widespread use (Doman 2001).
Realization of Aging Aware Reliable Multiplier Design Using Verilog

: High speed and low power consumption is one of the most important design objectives in integrated circuits. As multipliers are widely used in such circuits, the multipliers must be designed efficiently. In this paper, we propose the novel adaptive hold logic circuit, which is simple and efficient approach to reduce the power consumption and delay. The proposed architecture is applied to column bypassing multiplier. The result analysis shows that the reliable multiplier has better performance in power consumption and delay.
Design and Implementation of Dual Input Dual Output Boost Converter

In the zero emission electric power generation system, Multiple-Input Multiple-output (MIMO) DC-DC converters are useful to obtain the regulated output voltages from several input power sources such as a solar array, wind generator, fuel cell, batteries and so forth. A Dual input Dual Output (DIDO) DCDC Converter s proposed n this paper with boost topology. This converter s non-isolated, simple n structure with a single inductor and has less number of components compared to the conventional converters. Design and simulation of the converter s presented and results are validated by hardware implementation.
Optimisation of Passive Solar Design Strategies in Side-lit Offices: Maximising Daylight Penetration While Reducing the Risk of Glare in Different Chilean Climate Contexts

It has been shown that in buildings with fully glazed facades designed to save electricity and increase daylight, overheating due to excessive solar gains and glare have become recurrent problems, affecting the quality of the indoor environment in office buildings. Likewise, the focus should not only be on reducing energy consumption but also on providing comfort by applying daylight strategies appropriate to each context. In contexts such as Chile, where there is significant variability of daylight due to the extension of the territory, (17°29'57" S 56°32'12" S) designing with the correct passive solar strategies can become a challenge. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the application of passive solar strategies in side-lit office spaces, focusing on designs that maximise daylight penetration while protecting occupants from the risks of direct solar glare, and on methods to predict the daylight performance. A theoretical model is the prototype of an experimental office, located in three Chilean cities with different prevailing sky conditions, but adapted to the different contexts by integrating the design strategies recommended by the leading entities in advanced energy and daylight design. Daylight performance was evaluated using climate-based daylight modelling, with spatial daylight autonomy, annual sunlight exposure, and useful daylight illuminance metrics, which can integrate the daylight provision and potential glare prediction into a combined approach. This analysis was complemented by using a daylight glare probability index to verify the upper-lit thresholds of the applied methods. This paper provides an easy-to-apply daylight strategies guide for designers and the comparison of the daylight metrics in different climate contexts. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Nonparametric density estimation in finance and insurance

Volatility density estimation and estimation of loss distributions are discussed. The bivariate deconvolution kernel volatility density estimator is used for the volatility process. An FFTbased computational algorithm is developed and simulations of bivariate volatility densities, reflecting clustering phenomena, are performed. Also kernel density estimation with a Champernowne transformation for the estimation of loss distributions is discussed.
Effects of Ethanol Extract of Leaves of Helianthus Annuus on the Reproductive System of Male Wistar Rats: Testicular Histology, Epididymal Sperm Properties and Blood Levels of Reproductive Hormones

The time and dose dependent effects of ingestion of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Helianthus annuus L. (the common sunflower),0.5g/kg and 2g/kg body weight for 28days,on the histology of the testes, Epididymal sperm properties, blood levels of Testosterone, Follicle stimulating hormone and Leutinizing hormone of male Wistar rats were investigated in two phases. The results in phase one revealed the presence of mild to severe histo-degenerative testicular changes in treated rats sacrificed by the end of day 14, 28 and 56 compared with their matched controls. This was accompanied with statistically insignificant (p>0.05) decrease in mean body weights and testicular weights in treated rats in the period of treatment. Between 28th and 56th day when extract treatment was withheld, previously treated rats showed gain in mean general body and mean testicular weight increased toward that of the control. Results in phase two revealed progressive lowering of the epididymal sperm count percentage sperm viability as well as the blood levels of gonadotropins and testosterone while the percentage abnormal sperm morphology progressively increased with time of treatment. Statistically significant (p<0.05) effects of extract treatment on these parameters were observed for both doses in animals sacrificed earliest and persisted in experimental animals spared extract treatment between day 28 and 56 before they were sacrifice. This study suggest that the 2 experimental doses of extract used were probably above threshold and a time dependent effect of extract treatment on epididymal sperm properties as well as blood levels of gonadotropins and testosterone. It also suggests that the anti-spermatogenic effect of the extract could be as a result of toxicity on the testes and/or the anterior pituitary gland. We conclude from this study that the ethanol extract of the leaves of helianthus annuus possesses anti-spermatogenic /antifertility potentials that may be harnessed for contraception but further investigation in this regard is required.
Qualified professionals are a must for sustainable water management By

This article argues that more holistic and systematic water and sanitation policies and strategies are needed for sustainable development. It also asserts that whatever our emphases, adequate human resources and professionals will always be required. Furthermore, water servicesrelated education and research should be expanded to include management, financial administration, ownership policy, strategies and good practices and their development. More interaction would also be useful between water services and water resources management experts representing various professional and educational disciplines.
Dynamic Economic Dispatch for Wind-Combined Heat and Power System Using Grey Wolf Optimization

This paper presents an application of new evolutionary algorithm namely Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for determining the best feasible solution of Combined Heat and Power Dynamic Economic Dispatch (CHPDED) problem considering wind power plants. The constraints handling methodology easily takes care of feasible heat-power operating regions of cogenerators, generation limits and ramp rate limits of thermal generators. The thermal generators are modeled with valve point effects and the transmission loss is also considered. To demonstrate its efficiency, feasibility and fastness, the GWO algorithm is tested with a test system consists of 11 generating units. The obtained numerical simulation results are compared to those achieved from previous literature in terms of solution quality. Results reveal that the superiority of this method in both aspects of economic and computational time.
DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDERGROWTH PLANT DIVERSITY IN CHINESE FIR PLANTATIONS

The dynamic characterristics of succession process of undergrowth plants in different aged Chinese fir plantations were studied.The results showed that in accompanying stage of accidental species,undergrowth plant species and quantities flourished first,and the structure was very simple. In sparse stage of undergrowth plants, species and quantities were few,and structure was simple. In relatively stable stage of undergrowth plants,species and quantities increased, and Chinese fir community formed stable 3-layer structure including Chinese fir layer,shrub layer and herb layer. In invading succession stage of undergrowth plants, species composition and quantities flourshed again,some broad-leaved tree species started to grow into tree layer,and the multi-species and multi-layer community structure was formed. The α diversity indexes of undergrowth plants were obviously different and fluctuated. The richness index, diversity index and evenness index of total undergrowth plants of shrub layer were higher in young Chinese fir plantation. In the stage of closed forest stand, all indexes obviously decreased, then increased again, reaching maximal value in old-growth plantation. Vertical structure of species diversity showed shrub layerherb layerliana plant in 3,9 and 31 year-old plantations, in 20 year-old plantation, herb layershrub layerliana plant, and in old-growth Chinese fir plantation, shrub layertree layerliana plantherb layer. Tab 3, Ref 6
Argumentative Relation Classification with Background Knowledge

A common conception is that the understanding of relations that hold between argument units requires knowledge beyond the text. But to date, argument analysis systems that leverage knowledge resources are still very rare. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised graph-based ranking method that extracts relevant multi-hop knowledge from a background knowledge resource. This knowledge is integrated into a neural argumentative relation classifier via an attention-based gating mechanism. In contrast to prior work we emphasize the selection of relevant multi-hop knowledge, and apply methods to automatically enrich the knowledge resource with missing knowledge. We assess model performance on two datasets, showing considerable improvement over strong baselines.
Estimating the Direct and Indirect Effects of Major Education Reforms

We propose an approach for credibly estimating indirect sorting effects of major education reforms and placing them alongside the reforms' direct and persistent effects for the first time. Applying our approach to California's state-wide class size reduction program, we estimate a large positive direct effect of smaller classes on test scores and an even larger indirect effect due to demographic changes as private school students switch into public schools; both effects also persist. Accounting for sorting using these estimates raises the program's benefit-cost ratio significantly. Further, our analysis indicates that indirect sorting is likely relevant in policy evaluations more generally.
A Review on Identification of Novel Biomarkers to Identify Genes in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common occurring cancer among women worldwide. Risk factors included drinking lot of alcohol, lack of physical exercise, family history, ionizing radiations and hormones replacement therapy during menupuase. BRAC1 gene play important role in biochemical processes occurring in cells of the breast cancer. It is highly abundant in tumor cells as compared to the normal cells of human body. It makes it strong and ideal candidate for biochemical and functional characterization at molecular level. The molecular pathways associated with tumor formation and progression of breast cancer not completely discovered yet. There is need to design such potential target or drugs that can target the cells of breast cancer and regulate the epithelial mesenchymal transition as well as reduces the number of cases due to breast cancer. Information regarding genes involved molecular pathways remains unclear. There is need to identify genes involved inthe development of breast cancer as well as prognosis. GEO database of NCBI especially used for breast cancer datasets searching.Cytohubba is used to identify the DEGs. Functional enrichment software that is used for classification and characterization of genes at functional level. Biological database such as STRING that designed for to construct PPI networks of DEGs. MCODE in Cytoscape-Intergerated plug in experimentally applied to check the interactions in PPI network. Cytohubba also used to check out the either hub genes functional or target newly drug for the breast cancer treatment. Kaplan–Meier is biological software that is used to check out the survival of individual hub genes subjected to breast cancer. X2K (Expression2Kinases) used to check out the expression of hub genes. The between hub gene and drug especially be designed in database of drug bank.
Understanding the Destination choice of Chinese Outbound Tourists

In the context of tourism, alternative evaluation and selection is regarded as the key stage of tourism decision making process since it is of great importance for destination marketing and management performance. Rather than the traditional models in decision-making, this research focus on an important element of decision making termed as choice heuristic since it is always ignored in previous studies or taken for granted as a fixed type (i.e. weight additive choice heuristic).
Does Labelling Preinventive Forms Cause Functional Fixedness?

Functional fixedness is the lessened ability to think of a novel function of an object due to fixating on the object’s current function (Duncker, 1945). In a paradigm created by Finke (1990), multiple functions were generated for the same ambiguous object. We adopted Finke’s paradigm to investigate the relationship between functional fixedness and labelling. The main purpose of this study is to understand how generating a label for an object affects functional fixedness. A secondary purpose of this study is to empirically test Finke’s observation that the second function is the most difficult function to come up with. This study uses the amount of time taken to generate a novel function for the same object as a quantitative measurement of functional fixedness. This measurement is referred to as ‘spanning time’.
SIMULATED SWAPTION DELTA–HEDGING IN THE LOGNORMAL FORWARD LIBOR MODEL

Alternative approaches to hedging swaptions are explored and tested by simulation. Hedging methods implied by the Black swaption formula are compared with a lognormal forward LIBOR model approach encompassing all the relevant forward rates. The simulation is undertaken within the LIBOR model framework for a range of swaptions and volatility structures. Despite incompatibilities with the model assumptions, the Black method performs equally well as the LIBOR method, yielding very similar distributions for the hedging profit and loss — even at high rehedging frequencies. This result demonstrates the robustness of the Black hedging technique and implies that — being simpler and generally better understood by financial practitioners — it would be the preferred method in practice.
The Physics and Chemistry of Materials

Preface. List of Tables. Introduction. STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS. Structure of Crystals. Bonding in Solids. Diffraction and the Reciprocal Lattice. Order and Disorder in Solids. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS. Phonons. Thermally Activated Processes, Phase Diagrams, and Phase Transitions. Electrons in Solids: Electrical and Thermal Properties. Optical Properties of Materials. Magnetic Properties of Materials. Mechanical Properties of Materials. CLASSES OF MATERIALS. Semiconductors. Metals and Alloys. Ceramics. Polymers. Dielectric and Ferroelectric Materials. Superconductors. Magnetic Materials. Optical Materials. SURFACES, THIN FILMS, INTERFACES, AND MULTILAYERS. Surfaces. Thin Films, Interfaces, and Multilayers. SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF MATERIALS. Synthesis and Processing of Materials. Characterization of Materials. Appendix WA: Thermodynamics. Appendix WB: Statistical Mechanics. Appendix WC: Quantum Mechanics. Materials Index. Index.
The Grazing Behaviour of Cows Grazing Persian Clover or Perennial Ryegrass Pastures in Spring

To examine the differences in grazing behaviour when lactating cows eat contrasting types of high quality pastures (Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) offered at high or low allowances in spring, the behaviour of cows was recorded both manually by visual observation and automatically using sensors that recorded jaw movements. Cows grazing Persian clover at the high allowance grazed longer than cows at the low allowance (p<0.05). Cows grazing Persian clover ruminated less and spent more time not chewing throughout the day (p<0.05) than cows grazing perennial ryegrass. The times recorded by automatic recorders were similar to those recorded by visual observation. The grazing jaw movement rates of cows grazing both pasture types were similar and remained constant during grazing bouts throughout the day. Cows grazing ryegrass had a higher bite rate than cows grazing Persian clover (p<0.05). High quality grass and clover pastures can be eaten at similar, rapid rates but they are eaten in a different manner.
Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis: validity of the criteria of Williams et al. in a hospital‐based setting

Background Surveys of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) have been carried out world-wide, but the results vary widely. The differences probably result from the use of different diagnostic criteria. Williams et al. proposed minimum, simplified, diagnostic criteria that require no invasive test and are easy to use. Pilot studies in European countries showed their suitability for implementation both in hospitals and in the community, and their high sensitivity and specificity. Objectives To evaluate the potential practical value of the criteria of Williams et al. in the Chinese population. Methods The criteria of Hanifin and Rajka (gold standard), Williams et al. and Kang and Tian were applied and compared in 111 patients with AD and 121 control subjects with other skin diseases in three out-patient centres in China. Results The criteria of Williams et al. showed a similar diagnostic efficiency to that of the gold standard, with the sensitivity, specificity and κ value reaching 95·50%, 97·52% and 0·93, respectively. No significant difference was found between the criteria of Williams et al. and those of Kang and Tian (χ2 = 0·69, P > 0·05). ‘Onset under the age of 2 years’, a criterion of Williams et al. could be used in subjects of any age. Conclusions The diagnostic efficiency of the criteria of Williams et al. was basically similar to those of Hanifin and Rajka and of Kang and Tian in our out-patient settings. However, those of Williams et al. were easier to apply and required no invasive tests.