Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involuntary orienting and conflict resolution during auditory attention: The role of ventral

18 Selective attention to sound object features such as pitch and location is associated with 19 enhanced brain activity in ventral and dorsal streams, respectively. We examined the role of 20 these pathways in involuntary orienting and conflict resolution using functional magnetic 21 resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were presented with two tones that may share, or not, the 22 same non-spatial (frequency) or spatial (location) auditory features. In separate blocks of trials, 23 participants were asked to attend to sound frequency or sound location and ignore the change in 24 the task-irrelevant feature. In both attend-frequency and attend-location tasks, response times 25 were slower when the task-irrelevant feature changed than when it stayed the same (involuntary 26 orienting). This behavioural cost coincided with enhanced activity in the prefrontal cortex and 27 superior temporal gyrus (STG). Conflict resolution was examined by comparing situations where 28 the change in stimulus features was congruent (both features changed) and incongruent (only one 29 feature changed). Participants were slower and less accurate for incongruent than congruent 30 sound features. This congruency effect was associated with enhanced activity in the prefrontal 31 cortex, and was greater in the right STG and medial frontal cortex during the attend-location than 32 during the attend-frequency task. Together, these findings do not support a strict division of 33 ‘labour’ into ventral and dorsal streams, but rather suggest interactions between these pathways 34 in situations involving changes in task-irrelevant sound feature and conflict resolution. These 35 findings also validate the Test of Attention in Listening task by revealing distinct neural 36 correlates for involuntary orienting and conflict resolution.
Spatial Structure on Analysis of Population

ABSTRACT Real geography is continuous, but standard models in population genetics are based on discrete, well-mixed populations. As a result many methods of analyzing genetic data assume that samples are a random draw from a well-mixed population, but are applied to clustered samples from populations that are structured clinally over space. Here we use simulations of populations living in continuous geography to study the impacts of dispersal and sampling strategy on population genetic summary statistics, demographic inference, and genome-wide association studies. We find that most common summary statistics have distributions that differ substantially from that seen in well-mixed populations, especially when Wright’s neighborhood size is less than 100 and sampling is spatially clustered. The combination of low dispersal and clustered sampling causes demographic inference from the site frequency spectrum to infer more turbulent demographic histories, but averaged results across multiple simulations were surprisingly robust to isolation by distance. We also show that the combination of spatially autocorrelated environments and limited dispersal causes genome-wide association studies to identify spurious signals of genetic association with purely environmentally determined phenotypes, and that this bias is only partially corrected by regressing out principal components of ancestry. Last, we discuss the relevance of our simulation results for inference from genetic variation in real organisms. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
CMAR_A_200687 819..839

Shanthi Sabarimurugan Chellan Kumarasamy Madurantakam Royam Madhav 3 Suja Samiappan Rama Jayaraj 5 1Theranostics, GenesisCare, Perth, WA, Australia; 2University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 3School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India 632014; 4Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; 5Clinical Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia Purpose: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) affects lymphoid cells. Previous studies have reported that miRNAs play a significant role in T-ALL prognosis and have the potential to function as biomarkers in T-ALL. Therefore, this systematic review and metaanalysis study was designed to evaluate the overall prognostic impact of miRNAs in T-ALL patients. Methods: Eligible studies published between Jan 2010 and April 2018 were retrieved from online bibliographic databases based on multiple keywords to generate search strings. Metaanalysis was performed using the outcome measure, Hazard Ratio (HR). A survival analysis of all studies was conducted and a subsequent forest plot was generated to evaluate the pooled effect size, across all T-ALL patients. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on demographic characteristics and commonly represented miRNAs among the included studies. Results: A total of 17 studies were included for systematic review, among which 16 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, which, in total discussed 32 different miRNAs. The mean effect size of HR value was 0.929 (CI 0.878–0984), which indicates a decrease in risk of death by 7.1%. The analysis was based on the random effects model with the heterogeneity measure index (I) being 84.92%. The pooled effect size (HR) of upregulated and downregulated miRNA expressions on survival outcome in the T-ALL patient was 0.787 (CI 0.732–0.845) and 1.225 (CI 1.110–1.344) respectively. The subgroup analysis was performed based on demographic characteristics (age, gender, lactate dehydrogenase, WBC count) and expression of miR221 and miR46a. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis findings suggest that the overall miRNA expression is potentially associated with a decreased likelihood of death in T-ALL patients. Although our findings are inconclusive, the results point toward miRNA expression allowing for prognostic evaluation of T-ALL patients.
Olanzapine-induced liver injury and the correlation with body weight gain: A case report

The liver is the vital organ metabolizing most substances. Hepatocellular, cholestatic, and steatotic injuries are main mechanisms associated with acute liver toxicity. Steatohepatitis may play a rôle in second-generation antipsychotic-induced hepatic decompensation [1]. Here, we present a 43-year-old female patient with schizoaffective disorder, who gained about 18 kg in body weight with liver decompensation after having received olanzapine for nine months.
To evaluate the fracture resistance of four core buildup materials: Amalgam, resin composite/dual cure, resin-modified glass ionomer, and SureFil packable composite restorative material under universal testing machine

Background: The compressive strength and tensile strength of core materials are thought to be important because core usually replaces large bulk of tooth structure and should resist multidirectional masticatory forces for many years. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of packable composite as Nayyar cores in comparison with other materials such as amalgam, resin-modified glass ionomer, and dual-cure composite resin. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars subjected for the study were stored in distilled water for not more than 4 months before the root canal filling procedure. They were then randomly divided into five groups, each group with 15 teeth. Results: Amalgam showed higher resistance to fracture (1.82kN), and resin composite showed the least resistance to fracture (0.68kN). Resin-modified glass ionomer (0.96kN) and packable composite (0.93kN) showed almost similar fracture resistance. Conclusion: Packable composite can be used as an alternative to amalgam core and resin-modified glass ionomer.
Depression and diabetes: An experience from Kashmir

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Minimal attention has been paid toward the relationship between diabetes and depression in developing countries such as India, despite a number of studies in developed countries, exploring casual pathway between the two highly prevalent conditions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression among patients of diabetes attending the endocrinology department of a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir. Methodology: A total of 527 patients having diabetes of ≥6 months with age ranging from 18 years to 60 years were screened for major depressive disorder (MDD) using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-based criteria. Severity of depression was assessed by the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Results: Depression was present in 39.65% of patients. Depression was more prevalent in the age group of 29–38 years, in females as compared to males, among literates and government employees. Prevalence of depression among Type 1 diabetic patients was 60%, while as in case of Type 2, it was 37.75%. Depressed patients had higher fasting blood glucose levels as compared to nondepressed diabetic patients. Conclusion: MDD is inordinately high among adult diabetic patients, and majority of the depressive patients have moderate intensity of MDD.
Lexical Access in Naming and Reading: Spatiotemporal Localization of Semantic Facilitation and Interference Using MEG

Naming an object involves quick retrieval of a target word from long-term memory. Research using the semantic interference paradigm has shown that objects take longer to name when they are preceded by primes in the same semantic category. This has been interpreted as reflecting either competition during lexical selection or as an interference effect at a later, postlexical level. Since the behavioral finding has been a core argument for the existence of competition during lexical selection in naming, understanding its processing level is important for models of language production. We used MEG to determine the spatiotemporal localization of the interference effect. We also compared its neural signature to the effect of semantic relatedness in reading, in which relatedness is expected to speed up behavioral responses and reduce activity in the left superior temporal cortex at around 200–300 ms. This is exactly what we found. However, in naming, we observed a more complex pattern for our semantically related targets. First, the angular gyrus showed a facilitory pattern at 300–400 ms, likely reflecting aspects of lexical access. This was followed by a broadly distributed and sustained interference pattern that lasted until articulatory stages. More transient interference effects were also observed at 395–485 ms in the left STG and at ∼100–200 ms before articulation in the parietal cortex. Thus, our findings suggest that the semantic interference effect originates from both early and late sources, which may explain its varying localizations in previous literature.
Improving Willingness to Try Fruits and Vegetables Among Low-Income Children Through Use of Characters

Purpose: Low-income children are disproportionately affected by high rates of food insecurity and obesity, placing them at risk for poor health outcomes. Diets that are rich in fruits and vegetables (FV) are associated with health benefits such as reducing the risk of obesity. Despite these benefits, American children do not consume nationally recommended amounts of fruits (63%) and vegetables (90%) per day. Data reveal that young children exhibit increased food neophobia toward vegetables. One way to decrease food neophobia is to introduce FV to young children via recipe tasting. The purpose of the study was to increase willingness to try FV among low-income children using live characters at Summer Food Service Program Sites. Methods: The study design was a small-scale pilot study to conduct taste tests of recipes with 125 low-income children. Researchers created recipe-tasting stations at two different sites. At Site 1, characters promoting FV characters were present at the recipe-tasting station. At Site 2, researchers presented recipes without characters being present. Taste tests were conducted once per week for a period of 4 weeks using two previously validated instruments, Taste Test Tool and the Taste and Rate Questionnaire. Results: Results demonstrated that introducing FV recipes with characters showed a trend toward increasing willingness to try FV among low-income children. Data also suggested that low-income children had limited exposure to specific FV before recipe tastings. Conclusion: The use of characters is a promising approach to increase willingness to try FV among low-income children.
Clinical and functional outcome comparison for platelet-rich plasma with steroid injection in patients with isolated subacromial impingement syndrome

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the 6-weeks, 3-, and 6-month outcome in 80 patients who received an injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or steroid for subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Materials and Methods: Forty-two males and 38 females received a single-dose injection of PRP (n = 40) or steroid (n = 40) for SIS that had not responded to conservative treatment for more than 6 months. Both groups were put on physiotherapy protocol followed in our institution. The use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs was prohibited. Patients were evaluated before and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after treatment using the constant score, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder. Results: No local or systemic complication occurred. Improvement in the Constant score and VAS for pain at 6 weeks, 3-, and 6-months was clinically better following steroid than PRP injection. However, this difference was statistically insignificant. The two groups were comparable for improvement in ROM of the shoulder. Conclusion: PRP injection was not more effective than steroid injection for the treatment of SIS in terms of at the end of 6 months. However, long-term studies should be indicated to substantiate the findings.
Insights Into Provider Bias in Family Planning from a Novel Shared Decision Making Based Counseling Initiative in Rural, Indigenous Guatemala

Race, ethnicity, and indigenous status should be considered as potential drivers of provider bias in family planning services globally. Efforts to confront provider bias in family planning counseling should include concrete strategies that promote provider recognition of biases and longitudinal curriculums that allow for sustained feedback and self-reflection. Race, ethnicity, and indigenous status should be considered as potential drivers of provider bias in family planning services globally. Efforts to confront provider bias in family planning counseling should include concrete strategies that promote provider recognition of biases and longitudinal curriculums that allow for sustained feedback and self-reflection.
In-Hospital Illicit Drug Use and Patient-Directed Discharge: Barriers to Care for Patients With Injection-Related Infections

Abstract Background Hospitalized persons who inject drugs are at a greater risk of adverse hospital outcomes including discharge against medical advice, inpatient illicit drug use, overdose, and death. However, there are limited data on the frequency and outcomes of these events in the United States. Methods This retrospective analysis included patients with injection-related infections receiving a protocol for injection drug use (IDU) at University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital from 2016 to 2017. In-hospital IDU was suspected or reported drug usage plus confirmatory drug screen, and documented discharges “against medical advice” were deemed patient-directed discharges (PDD). We analyzed the frequency of and associations between in-hospital IDU, PDD, 30-day readmission, and deaths (between 2016 and 2019) using McNemar’s tests. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between PDD, in-hospital IDU, readmission, and death. Results Overall, 83 patients met inclusion criteria: 28 (34%) with in-hospital IDU, 12 (14%) PDD, 9 (11%) died, and 12 (14%) 30-day readmission. In-hospital IDU was significantly associated with PDD (P = .003), 30-day readmission (P = .005), and death (P = .0003). Patient-directed discharges and 30-day readmission were not significantly associated with death nor with each other. Conclusions In a cohort of patients receiving inpatient care for injection-related infections, illicit drug use, PDD, 30-day readmissions, and death were common. Furthermore, patients who use illicit drugs while hospitalized are significantly more likely to leave early, be readmitted, and/or die. We must design models of care that prevent adverse outcomes, including drug use and PDD, to reduce barriers to evidence-based treatment of infections.
Executive dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal syndrome

ties and Nicolelis et al. elicited a startle response with stimulation onset and akinesia and locomotion transiently improved. This result is reminiscent of paradoxical kinesis: the sudden ability to overcome akinesia in situations of intense arousal, such as the need to dodge an oncoming truck or escape a burning building.4 Paradoxical kinesis has already been demonstrated in dopamine-depleted rodents that were akinetic in their cages and then swam when placed in a bath of ice.5 However, like the startle reflex, paradoxical kinesis habituates and may not be directly translatable into chronic therapy for PD. Nicolelis et al. also controlled for an arousalrelated phenomenon with control experiments using air puffs and trigeminal stimulation. Unlike startling spinal stimulation, these did not alleviate akinesia, yet this may reflect the differing intensities or modalities. Nevertheless, the letter by Nicolelis et al. is encouraging and we agree that further work is needed in animal models to clarify whether spinal stimulation in some form may be useful as therapy for PD. We are particularly interested in whether continuous stimulation will afford the same results. Wesley Thevathasan, Peter Brown, Oxford, UK
Combined stress of ocean acidification and warming influence survival and drives differential gene expression patterns in the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica

Abstract The ecologically important thecosome pteropods in the Limacina spp. complex have recently been the focus of studies examining the impacts global change factors – e.g., ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW) – on their performance and physiology. This focus is driven by conservation concerns where the health of pteropod populations is threatened by the high susceptibility of their shells to dissolution in low aragonite saturation states associated with OA and how coupling of these stressors may push pteropods past the limits of physiological plasticity. In this manipulation experiment, we describe changes in the transcriptome of the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, to these combined stressors. The conditions used in the laboratory treatments met or exceeded those projected for the Southern Ocean by the year 2100. We made two general observations regarding the outcome of the data: (1) Temperature was more influential than pH in terms of changing patterns of gene expression, and (2) these Antarctic pteropods appeared to have a significant degree of transcriptomic plasticity to respond to acute abiotic stress in the laboratory. In general, differential gene expression was observed amongst the treatments; here, for example, transcripts associated with maintaining protein structure and cell proliferation were up-regulated. To disentangle the effects of OA and OW, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore patterns of change in the transcriptome. This approach identified gene networks associated with OW that were enriched for transcripts proposed to be involved in increasing membrane fluidity at warmer temperatures. Together these data provide evidence that L.h. antarctica has a limited capacity to acclimate to the combined conditions of OA and OW used in this study. This reduced scope of acclimation argues for continued study of how adaptation to polar aquatic environments may limit the plasticity of present-day populations in responding to future environmental change.
Laser-induced cavitation for sterilization of foodborne pathogenic bacteria

Abstract. A laser-induced cavitation-based sterilization technique was demonstrated to efficiently inactivate foodborne pathogenic bacteria with a low loss of nutrients. A sterilization efficiency of more than 90% (less than 5 × 105 colony-forming unit / mL) was achieved when the flow rate was no more than 40 μL / s on a chip that could mimic an industrial sterilization system. In addition, the sterilization efficiency could be enhanced if the channels of the chip were coated with Ta2O5 / SiO2 film. Moreover, the nutrient composition of the milk was well preserved. The laser-induced cavitation-based sterilization technique provides an alternative method for the inactivation of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China

Universal health coverage (UHC) is driving the global health agenda. Many countries have embarked on national policy reforms towards this goal, including China. In 2009, the Chinese government launched a new round of healthcare reform towards UHC, aiming to provide universal coverage of basic healthcare by the end of 2020. The year of 2019 marks the 10th anniversary of China’s most recent healthcare reform. Sharing China’s experience is especially timely for other countries pursuing reforms to achieve UHC. This study describes the social, economic and health context in China, and then reviews the overall progress of healthcare reform (1949 to present), with a focus on the most recent (2009) round of healthcare reform. The study comprehensively analyses key reform initiatives and major achievements according to four aspects: health insurance system, drug supply and security system, medical service system and public health service system. Lessons learnt from China may have important implications for other nations, including continued political support, increased health financing and a strong primary healthcare system as basis.