Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Sciences Education Practices: Cognitive Perceptions of Prospective Classroom Teachers

Abstract There are many factors that affect the perceptions of students enrolled in the classroom teaching programs of education faculties concerning the concept of social studies teaching. The most important of these factors are the instructors they observed in the faculty and their previous educational lives. In this context, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of “an ideal social studies instruction” according to the cognitive structures of prospective teachers and to model an ideal social studies instructor according to these qualities. This research was designed as a case study, which is one of the qualitative research designs. The study group was selected by criterion sampling and consisted of 121 prospective teachers in their final year at two state universities located in the Marmara region of Turkey. A word association test, an open-ended questionnaire, and student drawings were used as data collection tools. When the results of the study were examined, the concepts of history, society, culture, people, and geography came to the forefront in the participants’ cognitive perceptions toward social studies. It was determined that the characteristics they attributed to an ideal social studies instructor were gathered under the standard of professional responsibility and informed action. The student drawings revealed that the instructor figures were mostly well-groomed and smiling, they were usually shown in museums and historical buildings. Lastly, as future social studies instructors, the prospective teachers felt adequate in terms of the professional responsibility and informed action standard, and inadequate concerning the content knowledge standard.
Standards Development for Smart Systems—A Potential Way Forward

In this article, design and development of smart systems require cooperation of different technical disciplines. This multidisciplinarity represents a challenge for today's ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) standardization environment. This environment has evolved over the years and today comprises a huge variety of hundreds of Standards Setting Organisations, partly interconnected by a complex network of very diverse types of links and cooperation agreements. Yet, despite this complexity, ICT standardization is still very much monodisciplinary. Moreover, smart systems’ future true ubiquity and the resulting massive societal ramifications imply that societal stakeholders also need to participate in their standardization, thus further complicating the process. Integrating the necessary background information about the current standardization environment with two empirical studies the article sheds some light on the need for, as well as the benefits and issues to be associated with, multidisciplinarity in ICT standards setting. To resolve these issues, the article proposes the deployment of BOMOS, a collection of guidelines that establish a layered set of activities necessary for the management of a standardization process. While this solution may further increase the complexity of the standardization environment, it offers much greater flexibility and caters much better for the multidisciplinary, cross-domain standardization than the current system does.
Receptive number morphosyntax in children with Down syndrome

ABSTRACT This study investigated the comprehension of plural morphosyntactic markers and its relationship with numerical comparison abilities in children with Down syndrome (DS). It evaluated 16 Spanish-speaking children with DS (mean verbal mental age = 3;6) and 16 typically developing children with similar receptive vocabulary (mean chronological age = 3;5). Children participated in two preferential looking tasks assessing their abilities to map singular and plural markers to their visual referents and to distinguish one object from more than one. Results showed that both groups of children correctly mapped plural markers to their referents but failed to map singular ones. Furthermore, results also indicated that both groups also looked at collections of more than one object with four objects but not at those with two. The eye movement patterns of children who looked at collections of more than one object suggest a counting-like strategy. These results indicate that comprehension of plural markers of children with DS is similar to that of their typically developing peers; however, it is not related to their numerical abilities.
Reconfigurable Identical and Complementary Chirp Dual-LFM Signal Generation Subjected to Dual-Beam Injection in a DFB Laser

A photonic approach for identical and complementary chirp dual-linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal generation using an optical injection in a distributed feedback (DFB) laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on the redshift of the emission frequency in the DFB laser, and the nonlinear dynamics in the periodic oscillation of the DFB laser subjected to an optical injection. In the proposed scheme, two optical beams from master lasers, one with varying optical power and another with constant optical power, are injected to the slave laser, a DFB laser. The redshift of the mode in slave laser is due to the injection of the beam with varying optical power, which changes the frequency detuning of the injected beams and the mode of slave laser. Hence, a dual-LFM signal with a large time-bandwidth product (TBWP) is observed. Whether two beams are injected to the slave laser with positive frequency detunings or opposite frequency detunings, dual-LFM signal with the combinations of linearly increasing or/and decreasing frequency is obtained. With the proposed scheme, identical and complementary chirp dual-LFM signals with the same period of 1.3 μs have been obtained. The measured bandwidths for both LFM signals are 7 GHz (LFM1: 16.0-23.0 GHZ; LFM2: 25.0-32.0 GHz) with a TBWP of 9100. The generated dual-LFM signal has flexibility in tuning the center frequency and reconfiguring different IEEE radar bands.
Genus Baseodiscus (Nemertea: Heteronemertea): Molecular identification of a new species in a phylogenetic context

A new heteronemertean, Baseodiscus jonasii sp. nov., is described from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It resembles B. delineatus in inner morphology but can be distinguished from this species by its different colour pattern and differences in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The monophyletic status of the genus is investigated by reconstructing the phylogeny of six specimens from four species assigned to this genus, together with 22 specimens from nine other heteronemertean genera, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The results imply that Baseodiscus is a monophyletic group while several other heteronemertean genera are non‐monophyletic.
Encoding Pathlet and SIFT Features With Bagged VLAD for Historical Writer Identification

Offline writer identification plays an important role in forensic document examination and historical document analysis. Today, challenges still exist in historical writer identification (WI), where documents may present very complex handwriting styles. In this paper, we propose novel techniques for a detailed description and accurate identification of handwriting in historical documents. Because handwriting contours are one of the most salient components to characterize one’s handwriting style, a novel pathlet feature is proposed to describe their rich properties beyond slant and curvature in a principled way; these properties can be exploited in a VLAD-like encoding framework for fine-grained handwriting description. Besides the pathlet feature, we extract unidirectional SIFT feature to describe handwriting corners and junctions. To effectively encode the pathlet and SIFT features, a novel encoding method, named bagged VLAD, is further proposed to address the problem that a large codebook sparsely spreads out the data points and leads to a degraded performance, allowing a much larger codebook for improved encoding performance. Our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on ICDAR2017 Historical-WI database and ICDAR2019 HDRC-IR database, and has won the first place in ICDAR2019 HDRC-IR competition.
MATERNAL CARE IN THE NEOTROPICAL HARVESTMAN BOURGUYIA ALBIORNATA (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES): OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION AND EGG PROTECTION

Summary Females of the harvestman Bourguyia albiornata oviposit almost exclusively inside the tube formed by the curled leaves of the bromeliad Aechmea nudicaulis . Oviposition is not correlated with rainfall or with temperature, but is negatively correlated with the number of individuals of A. nudicaulis emitting e owers. Because the ine orescence stalk occupies the tube of leaves of e owering bromeliads, oviposition site is not available for ovigerous females. During one year, 83.6% of the females produced only one egg-batch and the remaining produced two or three batches. The mean number of eggs per batch along successive reproductive events decreased signie cantly. A e eld experiment in which females were removed from the nest bromeliad showed that less than 7% of the unprotected eggs survived beyond two weeks. In a control in which females were maintained over the eggs, predators attacked only one egg-batch. Ants were the most important egg predators, and at the study site at least 20 species nest and/or forage in A. nudicaulis . Intense predation on eggs by generalist predators may be an important pressure promoting parental care in Neotropical harvestmen.
Multi-Fidelity Design Optimisation of a Solenoid-Driven Linear Compressor

Improved management and impermeability of refrigerants is a leading solution to reverse global warming. Therefore, crank-driven reciprocating refrigerator compressors are gradually replaced by more efficient, oil-free and hermetic linear compressors. However, the design and operation of an electromagnetic actuator, fitted on the compression requirements of a reciprocating linear compressor, received limited attention. Current research mainly focuses on the optimisation of short stroke linear compressors, while long stroke compressors benefit from higher isentropic and volumetric efficiencies. Moreover, designing such a system focuses mainly on the trade-off between number of copper windings and the current required, due to the large computational cost of performing a full geometric design optimisation based on a Finite Element Method. Therefore, in this paper, a computationally-efficient, multi-objective design optimisation for six geometric design parameters has been applied on a solenoid driven linear compressor with a stroke of 44.2 mm. The proposed multi-fidelity optimisation approach takes advantage of established models for actuator optimisation in mechatronic applications, combined with analytical equations established for a solenoid actuator to increase the overall computational efficiency. This paper consists of the multi-fidelity optimisation algorithm, the analytic model and Finite Element Method of a solenoid and the optimised designs obtained for optimised power and copper volume, which dominates the actuator cost. The optimisation results illustrate a trade-off between minimising the peak power and minimising the volume of copper windings. Considering this trade-off, an intermediate design is highlighted, which requires 33.3% less power, at the expense of an increased copper volume by 5.3% as opposed to the design achieving the minimum copper volume. Despite that the effect of the number of windings on the input current remains a dominant design characteristic, adapting the geometric parameters reduces the actuator power requirements significantly as well. Finally, the multi-fidelity optimisation algorithm achieves a 74% reduction in computational cost as opposed to an entire Finite Element Method optimisation. Future work focuses on a similar optimisation approach for a permanent magnet linear actuator.
Low Loss Acoustic Delay Lines Based on Solidly Mounted Lithium Niobate Thin Film

In this work, acoustic delay lines (ADLs) based on solidly mounted structures were studied to achieve low insertion loss (IL) and wide fractional bandwidth (FBW). By adopting the guided shear-horizontal wave (SH-wave) in thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) configuration, the acoustic energy is constrained near the surface to attain high piezoelectric coupling (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to yield low IL and wide FBW. Proposed ADLs were designed with Au electrodes in X-cut LNOI to obtain sufficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}^{2} > 27$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% up to 1-GHz, thus allowing a better IL-FBW tradeoff. Fabricated prototype ADLs with wavelength (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (940 MHz) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (640 MHz) achieve IL around 10 dB and FBW around 9% simultaneously using conventional bidirectional transducers. Such a performance is comparable to suspended plate wave ADL counterparts while retains enhanced mechanical robustness for batch-manufacturing and packaging. [2020-0057]
Wine Authenticity and Traceability with the Use of FT-IR

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has gained popularity in the wine sector due to its simplicity and ability to provide a wine’s fingerprint. For this reason, it is often used for authentication and traceability purposes with more than satisfactory results. In this review, an outline of the reasons why authenticity and traceability are important to the wine sector is given, along with a brief overview of the analytical methods used for their attainment; statistical issues and compounds, on which authentication usually is based, are discussed. Moreover, insight on the mode of action of FT-IR is given, along with successful examples from its use in different areas of interest for classification. Finally, prospects and challenges for suggested future research are given. For more accurate and effective analyses, the construction of a large database consisting of wines from different regions, varieties and winemaking protocols is suggested.
Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in sheep fed plantain and orchardgrass and exposed to cold

Abstract To assess the effect on insulin action of feeding a forage herb to sheep exposed to a cold environment, eight sheep were fed either plantain (PL), a forage herb, or orchardgrass (OR), a forage. A hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp procedure was applied to determine tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in both the thermoneutral (20°C) and cold (0–4°C) environments. For the glucose clamp procedure, insulin was infused over four sequential 2‐h periods at rates of 0.64, 1.6, 4.0, and 10 mU kg‐0.75 body weight min−1 and glucose was infused at variable rates to maintain euglycaemia. The maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin) was greater (P = 0.04) for the PL diet than for the OR diet, and was enhanced (P = 0.001) during cold exposure. The plasma insulin concentration at half maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue sensitivity to insulin) was influenced by neither diet nor environment. No significant diet by environment interaction was observed for these variables. It is possible that in sheep the forage herb PL enhances insulin action through enhanced tissue responsiveness. Insulin action in response to cold exposure was comparable between the PL and OR diets.
Phylogenetic systematics of "Bathydoris" s.l. Bergh, 1884 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with the description of a new species from New Caledonian deep waters

There are six valid species in the traditional genus Bathydoris, all of them found in polar or deep waters: Bathydoris abyssorum Bergh, 1884 (from the deep equatorial Pacific Ocean), Bathydoris ingolfiana Bergh, 1899 (from Greenland), Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907 (from Antarctic and subantarctic waters), Bathydoris clavigera Thiele, 1912 (from the Argentinean deep-sea basin and Antarctica), Bathydoris aioca Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1962 (from deep waters off California), and a new species, Bathydoris spiralis (from deep waters off New Caledonia). Bathydoris patagonica Kaiser, 1980 and Bathydoris violacea Baranets, 1993 are regarded as synonyms of B. hodgsoni and B. clavigera, respectively. Bathydoris spiralis is clearly distinguishable from other members of the genus mainly in having a triaulic reproductive system and a very elongated, spirally coiled deferent duct. Examination of the holotype of B. violacea revealed that it is a synonym of B. clavigera. Bathydoris vitjazi Minichev, 1969 is most like.
Practical dietary levels of canola oil and tallow have differing effects on gilt and barrow performance and carcass composition

Previously we demonstrated that barrows produced leaner carcasses when fed 5% versus 2% canola oil. The present trial was conducted to determine if the same would be true for gilts or when feeding beef tallow (a source of saturated fatty acids). Four diets were fed (2 or 5% canola oil or digestible energy equivalents of tallow), and 27 gilts and 27 barrows were fed each diet. Experimental diets were fed from 49.4 to 113.5 kg body weight. Barrows fed 2% canola oil had similar average daily gains (ADG) relative to gilts (P > 0.05) fed any diet, but grew slower than barrows fed 5% canola oil (0.99 vs. 1.08 kg d-1; P < 0.05) and tended to have lower ADG relative to barrows fed diets containing tallow (P < 0.10). Barrows fed 2% canola oil had poorer feed conversion efficiency (kg feed kg-1 gain) relative to animals fed any other diet (P < 0.05). For barrows, feeding the 2% canola oil resulted in more subcutaneous fat relative to feeding 2.16% tallow (+18 g kg-1 lean cuts; P < 0.05), but the anticipated decreas.
Network insiders and observers: who can identify influential people?

Identifying influential people within a community to involve in a program is an important strategy of behavioral interventions. How to efficiently identify the most effective individuals is an outstanding question. This paper compares two common strategies: consulting ‘network insiders’ versus ‘network observers’ who have knowledge of but who do not directly participate in the community. Compared to aggregating information from all insiders, asking relatively fewer observers is more cost-effective, but may come at a cost of accuracy. We use data from a large-scale field experiment demonstrating that central students, identified through the aggregated nominations of students (insiders), reduced peer conflict in 56 middle schools. Teachers (observers) also identified students they saw as influential. We compare the causal effect of the two types of nominated students on peer outcomes and the differences between the two types of students. In contrast to the prosocial effects of central students on peer conflict, teacher nominees have no, or even antisocial, influence on their peers’ behaviors. Teachers (observers) generally nominated students with traits salient to them, suggesting that observer roles may systematically bias their perception. We discuss strategies for improving observers’ ability to identify influential individuals in a network as leverage for behavioral change.
Prevalence and Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Survivors Over 12 Years After the Bam Earthquake

Purpose The Bam earthquake was one of Iran’s worst natural disasters. As a reason of limited sample size, prevalence and risk factors of PTSD and depression were still unclear after a huge earthquake in Bam. Patients and Methods A total of 1500 participants selected from the survivors by multistage sampling. Instruments included the demographic questionnaire, the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version and the Beck Depression Inventory-2. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence rates of PTSD and depressive symptoms were 38.7% (n = 581) and 40.1% (n=597), respectively. The most commonly occurring symptoms of PTSD were distress at reminders (73.7%), fear of recurrence (70.3%) and sleep disturbance (68.4%). Age (OR=1.5, 95% CI= [1.03, 1.74], P < 0.001) and being injured (OR=1.68, 95% CI= [1.09, 2.61], P=0.02) are positive risk factors of PTSD. The risk factors for depressive symptoms were old age (OR= 1.46, 95% CI= [1.02, 1.64], P < 0.001), female gender (OR=1.42, 95% CI=[1.14, 1.77], P=0.002), and death of work colleagues (OR=4.03, 95% CI= [1.54, 6.54], P=0.005). Conclusion Professional and effective mental health services should design programs in order to aid the psychological wellbeing of the population focusing on older adults, females, those who lost work colleagues, and those who lost their family members.
Testing of Commercial Inoculants to Enhance P Uptake and Grain Yield of Promiscuous Soybean in Kenya

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of commercial mycorrhizal inoculants and a rhizobial inoculant to improve soybean yield in Kenya. A promiscuous soybean variety was grown in a greenhouse pot study with two representative soils amended with either water-soluble mineral P or rock P to assess product performance. The performance of selected mycorrhizal inoculants combined with a rhizobial inoculant (Legumefix) was then assessed with farmer groups in three agroecological zones using a small-plot, randomized complete block design to assess soybean root colonization by mycorrhiza, nodulation, and plant biomass production in comparison to rhizobial inoculant alone or with water-soluble mineral P. Greenhouse results showed highly significant root colonization by commercial mycorrhizal inoculant alone (p < 0.001) and in interaction with soil type (p < 0.0001) and P source (p < 0.0001). However, no significant effect was shown in plant P uptake, biomass production, or leaf chlorophyll index. In field conditions, the effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone were highly context-specific and may induce either a significant increase or decrease in root mycorrhizal colonization and nodule formation. Mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone had limited effect on plant P uptake, biomass production, leaf chlorophyll index, and grain yield. Though some mycorrhizal inoculants induced significant root colonization by mycorrhizal inoculants, this did not lead to higher soybean yield, even in soils with limited P content. Our results are further evidence that inoculant type, soil type, and P source are critical factors to evaluate commercial inoculants on a context-specific basis. However, our results highlight the need for the identification of additional targeting criteria, as inoculant type, soil type, and P source alone were not enough to be predictive of the response. Without the identification of predictive criteria for improved targeting, the economic use of such inoculants will remain elusive.
Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) deaneorum: a new species in the albitarsis complex (Diptera: culicidae)

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) deaneorum sp. n. is described from specimens collected in Guajara-Mirim, Rondonia state and Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil, on human and animal baits, inside dwellings and from the progenies of engorged females. A detailed description of the shape of egg, external appearance of adult female and male, genitalias, female cibarial armature and complete chaetotaxy of pupa and larva show that it can be distinguished from Anopheles albitarsis from the type-locality and other areas by the paler general external appearance of the adult, the posterolateral tufts of scales, on the female abdominal terga and the branching of the outer anterior clypeal seta (3-C) of the fourth instar larva (as shown in illustrations). If species can also be distinguished from An. albitarsis from the type locality by the allele frequencies at 11 enzymic loci as represented by Nei's Genetic Distance.