Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normalized Google Distance for Collocation Extraction from Islamic Domain

This study investigates the properties of Arabic collocations, and classifies them according to their structural patterns on Islamic domain. Based on linguistic information, the patterns and the variation of the collocations have been identified. Then, a system that extracts the collocations from Islamic domain based on statistical measures has been described. In candidate ranking, the normalized Google distance has been adapted to measure the associations between the words in the candidates set. Finally, the n-best evaluation that selects n-best lists for each association measure has been used to annotate all candidates in these lists manually. The following association measures (log-likelihood ratio, t-score, mutual information, and enhanced mutual information) have been utilized in the candidate ranking step to compare these measures with the normalized Google distance in Arabic collocation extraction. In the experiment of this work, the normalized Google distance achieved the highest precision value 93% compared with other association measures. In fact, this strengthens our motivation to utilize the normalized Google distance to measure the relatedness between the constituent words of the collocations instead of using the frequency-based association measures as in the state-of-the-art methods. Keywords: normalized Google distance, collocation extraction, Islamic domain
Source regions contributing to excess reactive nitrogen deposition in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the United States

Abstract. Research has shown that excess reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) of the United States has passed critical load (CL) thresholds and is adversely affecting sensitive ecosystems in this area. To better understand the sources causing excess Nr deposition, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), using Western Air Quality Study (WAQS) emission and meteorology inputs, was used to simulate Nr deposition in the GYA. CAMx's Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) was employed to estimate contributions from agriculture (AG), oil and gas (OG), fire (Fire), and other (Other) source sectors from 27 regions, including the model boundary conditions (BCs) to the simulated Nr for 2011. The BCs were outside the conterminous United States and thought to represent international anthropogenic and natural contributions. Emissions from the AG and Other source sectors are predominantly from reduced N and oxidized N compounds, respectively. The model evaluation revealed a systematic underestimation in ammonia (NH3) concentrations by 65 % and overestimation in nitric acid concentrations by 108 %. The measured inorganic N wet deposition at National Trends Network sites in the GYA was overestimated by 31 %–49 %, due at least partially to an overestimation of precipitation. These uncertainties appear to result in an overestimation of distant source regions including California and BCs and an underestimation of closer agricultural source regions including the Snake River valley. Due to these large uncertainties, the relative contributions from the modeled sources and their general patterns are the most reliable results. Source apportionment results showed that the AG sector was the single largest contributor to the GYA total Nr deposition, contributing 34 % on an annual basis. A total of 74 % of the AG contributions originated from the Idaho Snake River valley, with Wyoming, California, and northern Utah contributing another 7 %, 5 %, and 4 %, respectively. Contributions from the OG sector were small at about 1 % over the GYA, except in the southern Wind River Mountain Range during winter where they accounted for more than 10 %, with 46 % of these contributions coming from OG activities in Wyoming. Wild and prescribed fires contributed 18 % of the total Nr deposition, with fires within the GYA having the highest impact. The Other source category was the largest winter contributor (44 %) with high contributions from California, Wyoming, and northern Utah.
Domination properties in ordered Banach algebras

We recall from [9] the definition and properties of an algebra cone C of a real or complex Banach algebra A. It can be shown that C induces on A an ordering which is compatible with the algebraic structure of A. The Banach algebra A is then called an ordered Banach algebra. An important property that the algebra cone C may have is that of normality. If C is normal, then the order structure and the topology of A are reconciled in a certain way. Ordered Banach algebras have interesting spectral properties. If A is an ordered Banach algebra with a normal algebra cone C, then an important problem is that of providing conditions under which certain spectral properties of a positive element b will be inherited by positive elements dominated by b. We are particularly interested in the property of b being an element of the radical of A. Some interesting answers can be obtained by the use of subharmonic analysis and Cartan’s theorem.
BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCDEMENT OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS BY SMEDDS: A REVIEW

Oral route has always been the favorite route of drug administration in many diseases and till today it is the first way investigated in the development of new dosage forms. The major problem in oral drug formulations is low and erratic bioavailability, which mainly results from poor aqueous solubility, thereby pretense problems in their formulation. More than 40% of potential drug products suffer from poor water solubility. For the therapeutic delivery of lipophilic active moieties (BCS class II drugs), lipid based formulations are inviting increasing attention. Currently a number of technologies are available to deal with the poor solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of insoluble drugs such as micronization, solid dispersions or cyclodextrin complex formation and different technologies of drug delivery systems. One of the promising techniques is Selfâ€Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS). Self emulsifying drug delivery system has gained more attention due to enhanced oral bio-availability enabling reduction in dose, more consistent temporal profiles of drug absorption, selective targeting of drug(s) toward specific absorption window in GIT, and protection of drug(s) from the unreceptive environment in gut. This article gives a complete overview of SMEDDS as a promising approach to effectively deal with the problem of poorly soluble molecules. Keywords: SMEDDS, surfactant, oil, co-surfactant, bioavailability
Finite Element Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

In the present study, the survey of research work on finite element analysis of metal forming processes has been carried out. A classification of formulations dealing with geometry and material nonlinearity in the context of finite element simulation of forming operations has been recapitulated. The procedures based upon shell and continuum approaches and methods of dealing with frictional contact, are described. Topics of current interest on finite element analysis such as error estimation, projection of error, and adaptive mesh refinement have been reviewed.
Consonant inventory of Swedish speaking 24-month-olds: A cross-sectional study

This cross-sectional study examines the consonant inventory of Swedish speaking twenty-four-month olds. The results are compared with English speaking children at the same age. 15 audio files recorded from 13 children were transcribed using independent analysis. Individual inventories where constructed for both word-initial and word-final consonants for each subject. The results are to a high degree consistent with the findings in the study compared. Anterior consonants are more frequent in the subject’s inventories than posterior ones in both initial and final word position. Word initial voiced plosives are more common in the inventories than voiceless with the reverse situation i.e. voiceless plosives are more frequent than voiced in word final position.
PKL (Bryophyllum pinnatum) electricity for practical utilization

A study of 1 kw PKL power plant set-up for practical utilization in Bangladesh has been conducted at the marsh power technology limited in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It has been designed and fabricated for 1 kw PKL mini power plant for feasibility study. The electrical and chemical characteristics have been studied. The dynamic method was applied during 1kw electricity generation period. A small PKL converter was used as an indicator. The pH meter was also used for the measurement of pH of PKL filtered juice during electricity production. The calibrated multi meters were used to measure the other electrical characteristics like internal resistance, voltage regulation, energy efficiency, pulse performance, capacity, self discharge characteristics, and discharge characteristics with load, energy density, power density and temperature effect. To measure the different performances of the device SEM has been used to study the morphological change of the electrodes. GC-MS has been used to identify the Hydrogen and Methane gas. AAS has been used to detect the metal ions in the electrolytes. Different parameters like conversion efficiency, voltage regulation, internal resistance, capacity, pulse performance, temperature effect, self discharge characteristics, dis-charge characteristics with load, energy density and power density have studied with the variation of time duration, pH, product and reactant ion concentrations. Finally, the longevity of the PKL filtered juice and Electrodes have been studied. Most of the results have been tabulated and graphically discussed
Preparation and In-vitro Degradation Properties of 3D Printed Nano Silica/Hydroxyapatite/Polylactide Biocomposite

Nano silica/hydroxyapatite/polylactide biocomposite was 3D printed, the effects of the printing conditions on the mechanical properties of the biocomposite were studied and the in-vitro degradation properties of the biocomposite in the PBS solution were tested. The results show that, the best 3D printing conditions are those with the raster angle of 45°, the printing thickness of 0.2mm and the packed density of 100%. In such situations, the nano silica / hydroxyapatite/polylactide biocomposite containing 2% nano silica has the best comprehensive strengths, at which, the tensile, flexural and impact strengths are 85.62MPa, 126.66MPa and 53.56kJ/m2 respectively. With the prolong of the in-vitro degradation testing time, the tensile and flexural strengths of the biocomposite will decrease, and the impact strength also decrease generally except at the first one or two weeks for the samples containing 0,2% and 4% hydroxyapatite, more water will be absorbed and more weight will be lost. However, the pH value of the PBS solution is almost kept at around 7.35.
Repaid and Accurate Detection of Khuskia Oryzae by Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Lateral Flow Dipstick

Khuskia oryzae being as a contaminating fungus of jet fuel results in many damage. We have developed and valuated a repaid and accurate method for detection of Khuskia oryzae by loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD). The result could be visualized by LFD within 10 min and did not rely on expensive experiment instrumentation. The detection limit of DNA of Khuskia oryzae by LAMP-LFD was 230fg/ul which was 10-fold more sensitive than LAMP and PCR methods.Khuskia oryzae could be specifically detected by LAMP-LFD, and no positive result could be observed when another 5 control genomic DNA were used. The whole process of detection by LAMP-LFD was 80 min which saved 90min compared to PCR method. The LAMP-LFD assay developed by this study was used for field detection and successfully detected Khuskia oryzae from the jet fuel samples. The LAMP combined with LFD makes the detection of Khuskia oryzae to be more simple, repaid and accurate, therefore, it will be a new tool for field detection.
Recommending recipes based on ingredients and user reviews

In recent years, the content volume and number of users of the Web have increased dramatically. This large amount of data has caused an information overload problem, which hinders the ability of a user to find the relevant data at the right time. Therefore, the primary task of recommendation systems is to analyze data in order to offer users suggestions for similar data. Recommendations which use the core content are known as content-based recommendation or content filtering, and recommendations which utilize directly the user feedback are known as collaborative filtering. This thesis presents the design, implementation, testing, and evaluation of a recommender system within the recipe domain, where various approaches for producing recommendations are utilized. More specifically, this thesis discusses approaches derived from basic recommendation algorithms, but customized to take advantage of specific data available in the recipe domain. The proposed approaches for recommending recipes make use of recipe ingredients and reviews. We first build ingredient vectors for both recipes and users (based on recipes they have rated highly), and recommend new recipes to users based on the similarity between user and recipe ingredient vectors. Similarly, we build recipe and user vectors based on recipe review text, and recommend new recipes based on the similarity between user and recipe review vectors. At last, we study a hybrid approach, where both ingredients and reviews are used together. Our proposed approaches are tested over an existing dataset crawled from recipes.com. Experimental results show that the recipe ingredients are more informative than the review text for making recommendations. Furthermore, when using ingredients and reviews together, the results are better than using just the reviews, but worse than using just the ingredients, suggesting that to make use of reviews, the review vocabulary needs better filtering.
The Self-Efficacy as Predictors of the Metacognition Awareness in Children

It is important for children to have some skills and competencies in the acquisition of effective learning skills. Metacognition awareness that allow children to become aware of what they know and think to learn a knowledge and build on the knowledge they will learn in this process; they need to be self-efficacy in order to accomplish a task and to be able to come up with new problems or situations. In this context, the research aimed to determine whether self-efficacy in children predicts metacognition awareness, and also the results of the relationship between self-efficacy and metacognition and the validity and reliability of the measurement tools used are included in the study. In the research, the correlational survey model, which is one of the quantitative research method, is used to determine the relationship between two or more variables. The study group of this study consists of 350 children aged between 12 and 14 years, continuing to middle schools which are depends on Ministry of National Education in Turkey. The Personal Information Form, "Self-Efficacy Scale for Children" and "Scale of Metacognition for Children" were used together to collect the data of the study. The reliability coefficients of the measuring instruments were determined with the Cronbach alpha coefficient, after the fitting of the measuring instruments used in the study was confirmed on the working sample. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the self-efficacy scale for children were calculated . 88; and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the metacognition scale for children were calculated as . 92. To investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and metacognition awareness, the Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation Coefficient is calculated and confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the fit of the scales with the sample group. It has been determined that self-efficacy is a predictor of metacognition awareness according to the results of multiple regression to examine whether self-efficacy beliefs in children are predictive of metacognition awareness. The development of metacognition and self-efficacy levels together in children is one of the issues to be emphasized by parents and educators.
Item Aggregates and Price Elasticity

This study provides analytical results on the systematic relationship between the elasticities obtained from item-aggregated data and those from SKU level data. It is shown that the brand level (or any aggregate level) elasticities are share-weighted averages of SKU elasticities. As SKUs in a brand are substitutes each other in general, the own brand elasticities would be smaller in magnitude than the own SKU elasticities and the crossbrand elasticities will be larger than cross-SKU elasticities. It is also found that when the SKU level demand function is given by a homogeneous logit model with the latent utility being linear in price, the price sensitivity parameter estimated from the brand level data should be the same as that from SKU level data if the brand level model fits data well and the brand prices are given by the weighted averages of SKU prices with the weights being within-brand SKU shares.
DETERMINATION OF THE ROBUST CONDITION ON CONSENSUS SYSTEM UNDER THE COMMUNICATION CONSTRAINTS

This paper discuss about the robust consensus problem of a multi-agent systems under the communication constraints described by a communication graph. The uncertainty of each agent is modeled as a norm-bounded multiplicative uncertainty. A necessary and sufficient condition for achieving the robust consensus is characterized in terms of the eigenvalues of the weighted Laplacian of the communication graph. In the case where the nominal transfer function shared by all the agents is positive real, the robust consensus condition turns out to depend only on the largest eigenvalue. Since p(s) is positive real and eigenvalue > 0, the lower bound of the stability margin is given by 1.The stability margin increases for a smaller N. Hence, when p(s) is fixed, the optimal stability margin can be obtained by minimizing eigenvalue. Keywords: Robust consensus, Multi-agent system, Laplacian matriks, Communicationgraph
THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATE CONTAINING PROBIOTICS ON FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS, METHANOGENESIS AND In vitro NUTRIENT DIGESTILITY

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of probiotic addition in concentrate onfermentation characteristics, methane (CH4) production and in vitro nutrient digestibility. Two strainslactic acid bacteria (LAB) i.e. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidhophilus, and one strainyeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as probiotic.This experiment was arranged in a completelyrandomized design consisted of 4 treatments as follows grass silage (G); grass silage + concentratewithout probiotic (G+A); grass silage + concentrate containing L. plantarum and. S. cerevisiae (G+B);grass silage + concentrate containing L. acidophilus and. S. cerevisiae (G+C); grass silage + concentratecontaining L. plantarum and L. acidophilus (G+D). Data were analyzed as completely randomizeddesign and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the concentrate containingLAB varied 1.5 × 106 and 3 × 107 cfu/g, and 3 × 103 cfu/g of S. cerevisiae. Combination between L.plantarum and S. cerevisiae (G+B), and L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae (G+C) in concentrate increased(P<0.01) propionic acid proportion. The average CH4 production in concentrate containing probiotic(G+C, G+D and D+E) was lower by 6.9% (P<0.01) compared to concentrate without probiotic (G+B). The in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility were higher (P<0.01) by25.7% and 6.3% respectively, in grass silage substrate with concentrate containing probiotic (G+C, G+Dand G+E) than in grass silage with concentrate without probiotic (G+B). In conclusion, addition ofprobiotic in concentrate could increase in vitro propionic acid proportion, DM and NDF digestibility andreduce CH4 production.
A Profile of an Effective EFL Grammar Teacher

Grammar teaching dates back to many years ago. It is a critical issue since its importance has been clarified in second/foreign language teaching and learning. There are always some hints about a good grammar teacher, but one cannot easily find a holistic framework for a successful ESL/EFL grammar teacher. For this reason, the present study investigates the qualities of a good and effective grammar teacher based on observations and interviews. An Iranian EFL grammar teacher’s class was observed for about ten hours in order to see why his students and colleagues considered him to be a successful English grammar teacher. The results demonstrate that there are some important features for an effective ESL/EFL grammar teacher, which should be taken into account by other practitioners doing a similar job. Finally, this study provides a coherent framework for grammar teachers in order to make the outcome of their grammar lessons more fruitful.
Characteristics exponents of the triangular solution in the elliptical restricted three-body problem under radiating and triaxial primaries

This Paper deals with the effects of the radiation pressure and triaxiality of primaries on the stability of infinitesimal motion about triangular equilibrium points [ , ] in the elliptical restricted three body problem (ER3EB) around binary system. For determining the characteristic exponents of variational equations with periodic coefficient, we have used analytical method, described by Bennet in [3, 4]. This analytical method is based on Floquet’s theory. The stability of equilibrium points has been discussed under the assumption thatboth the primaries are radiating and triaxial. For this we have drawn transition cureves in μ-e plane. And it is seen that system is stable outside the transition curves, while system is Unstable within the transition curves.
1 Agile methods : a possible solution ?

Poor performance has pervaded the last forty years of software development, evident across industry sector, project size, budget, geographic location, system quality and functionality, and exacerbated by increased criticality of Information Technology (IT) in organisational mission and strategy. A significant body of research has investigated the potential of emerging development methodologies to address these shortcomings but the effectiveness of these methods is largely supported by anecdotal evidence. At the same time, metrics and measurement are known to affect ISD performance but the existing literature on Information Systems Development (ISD) metrics is misaligned with practitioners’ needs, leading to a lack of clarity about ISD metrics in practice. This paper presents an interdisciplinary literature review on ISD metrics to identify the underlying reasons for this misalignment and evaluate the extent to which existing literature can be used to better understand the impact of emerging software development methodologies on ISD performance.
Improved Polynomial Model for Multi-View Image Color Correction

Even though a multi-view camera system is able to capture multiple images at different viewpoints, the color distributions of captured multi-view images can be inconsistent. This problem decreases the quality of multi-view images and the performance of post-image processes. In this paper, we propose an improved polynomial model for effectively correcting the color inconsistency problem. This algorithm is fully automatic without any pre-process and considers occlusion regions of the multi-view image. We use the 5th order polynomial model to define a relative mapping curve between reference and source views. Sometimes the estimated curve is seriously distorted if the dynamic range of extracted correspondences is quite low. Therefore we additionally estimate the first order polynomial model for the bottom and top regions of the dynamic range. Afterwards, colors of the source view are modified via these models. The proposed algorithm shows the good subjective results and has better objective quality than the conventional color correction algorithms.