Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Services Trade: The Great Gender Equaliser?

Standing at 24% in 2018, India’s female labour force participation is only half of the global average (48%). At the same time, India has one of the widest gender wage gaps in the world and women are less likely to be employed in the formal sector compared to men. This article focuses on how international trade affects relative wages and formal employment between men and women in India. Using the Revealed Symmetrical Comparative Advantage index, sectors of comparative advantage and disadvantage are identified and matched to Indian labour force surveys that contain information on sectoral employment and earnings. We find that sectors of comparative advantage in services have the lowest gender wage gap, with women earning 24% less than their male counterparts, while women in manufacturing earned on average 40% less than male workers. Using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, we find that the total gender wage gap in sectors of comparative advantage in services are minor while it is quite substantial in manufacturing, regardless of comparative advantage status. The article concludes that services trade goes hand in hand with a smaller gender wage gap as women leverage their skills better in services than in manufacturing. JEL Codes: F16, F14
Efficient Estimation for Models With Nonlinear Heteroscedasticity

Abstract We study efficient estimation for models with nonlinear heteroscedasticity. In two-step quantile regression for heteroscedastic models, motivated by several undesirable issues caused by the preliminary estimator, we propose an efficient estimator by constrainedly weighting information across quantiles. When the weights are optimally chosen under certain constraints, the new estimator can simultaneously eliminate the effect of preliminary estimator as well as achieve good estimation efficiency. When compared to the Cramér-Rao lower bound, the relative efficiency loss of the new estimator has a conservative upper bound, regardless of the model design structure. The upper bound is close to zero for practical situations. In particular, the new estimator can asymptotically achieve the optimal Cramér-Rao lower bound if the noise has either a symmetric density or the asymmetric Laplace density. Monte Carlo studies show that the proposed method has substantial efficiency gain over existing ones. In an empirical application to GDP and inflation rate modeling, the proposed method has better prediction performance than existing methods.
Nurses' Electronic Medical Record Workarounds in Mental Healthcare Settings

This study aimed to examine nurses' EMR workarounds in mental healthcare settings. Of the 52 nurses invited to participate in this study, 50 nurses (96.1%) completed the survey using the EMR nursing workaround instrument and open-ended questions. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The descriptive data were grouped into four units including the cases, contributing causes, and consequences of EMR workarounds, and suggestions for improving EMR implementation. The results showed scores above an average of 3.0 in all of the EMR workaround items, indicating the considerable involvement of nurses in EMR workarounds. The workarounds related to EMR use were using the physician's login account for medication access, performing retrospective documentation, performing documentation before an expected busy situation, and seeking and entering information on external medications. The workarounds associated with colleagues unfamiliar with EMR use included waiting for, filling in for, teaching, and assisting unskilled colleagues. This study identified the problems, consequences, and suggestions associated with EMR implementation for psychiatric patient care. This study added useful information for the administrative, technical, and clinical improvement of EMR implementation in mental healthcare practice.
The myths and legends of king Satoshi and the knights of blockchain

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an ethnographic account of the quasi-religious romanticism of the crypto-community towards blockchain technologies. To do so, we explore the cultural significance of phenomena such as myth, faith, and ritual, without excluding both the realms of technological practices and techno-scientific narrative. Drawing on a comparison with the legend of King Arthur, we analyse how the legendary creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, translates contemporary anxieties resulting from the financial crisis and the centralisation of power. By analysing white papers, we further explore the persuasive narratives which convey how ethics and virtue can be encoded into software, and, finally, we describe the secular rituals that reinforce cohesion among the community – in moments which are often guided by charismatic preachers and specialists. We argue that blockchain technologies have had a symbolic impact in re-invigorating enchantment and material romanticism towards finance and technology, which has had a wider impact on the social perception and acceptance of the transition to a digital society.
Planktonic larvae of the rare spoon worm, Ikedosoma elegans (Annelida: Thalassematidae), collected from Tanabe Bay, Wakayama, Japan

Human activities, such as coastline development, water pollution, and the introduction of invasive species, threaten mudflat macrofauna. Many spoon worm species are endangered, possibly because of anthropogenic disturbance of mudflat environments. Understanding worm ecology is necessary for conservation. However, information regarding these species is limited, presumably because of difficulties in sample collection. In Tanabe Bay, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, we attempted to collect and identify planktonic larvae instead of adults, using DNA barcoding to determine rare species. A larva of the rare spoon worm, Ikedosoma elegans, endemic to Japan, was collected. Thus, the existence of an unknown population of I. elegans likely exists. Furthermore, the use of larval monitoring for detecting rare marine invertebrates is demonstrated.
Importance of sequential herbicide application in the control of Elephantopus mollis

RESUMO: Popularmente conhecida como pata de elefante ou sussuaia, Elephantopus mollis, e uma especie que recentemente surgiu como uma planta daninha em lavouras de cultivos de graos. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade diferencial de biotipos de E. mollis oriundos de areas agricolas e nao agricolas e determinar as melhores combinacoes de herbicidas aplicados em diferentes estadios de desenvolvimento para o controle desta especie. Foram realizados tres experimentos. No experimento de sensibilidade diferencial foram utilizados dez herbicidas em dois biotipos em duas fases de desenvolvimento. O experimento de dose resposta foi conduzido com oito doses de sete herbicidas. O experimento a campo foi realizado em uma area que apresenta problemas com a planta daninha para validar os resultados dos experimentos anteriores. O biotipo oriundo de area agricola apresentou menor sensibilidade aos herbicidas quando comparado ao biotipo oriundo de area nao agricola. Os herbicidas de contato inicialmente apresentam controle superior, mas logo a planta apresenta rebrote em funcao de gemas presentes no colo da planta. A aplicacao isolada de 2,4-D com doses entre 1005 e 1675 g e.a ha-1 possui controle de 25%. Quando o 2,4-D e seguido da aplicacao de paraquat (400 g i.a ha-1) o controle passa a ser entre 51 e 68%. O melhor tratamento para o controle de plantas desenvolvidas e a mistura de 2,4-D + glyphosate (1340 + 1080 g e.a ha-1) com aplicacao sequencial de paraquat.
Exploring the Association Between Short-cycle School Improvement Planning and Student Achievement in Underperforming Schools

Some governments require that educational leaders working in underperforming schools create school improvement plans (SIPs) to guide change efforts. Extant research describes two common approaches to SIPs: (a) a “traditional” approach where leaders create a single plan for an entire academic year, and (b) a “short-cycle” approach where leaders create two plans during an academic year (e.g., one for each semester). Despite widespread appeal, surprisingly little research has been conducted on SIPs and their influence on outcomes of interest. Nearly all studies investigate the traditional approach, and no published studies examine the potential influence of short-cycle SIPs on outcomes of interest (e.g., student achievement). In response to these gaps, the purpose of this study was to explore potential associations between short-cycle SIP quality and student achievement in English/language arts (ELA) and mathematics. We used a publicly available rubric to score 389 short-cycle SIPs on 12 planning domains and then employed a correlational design to examine potential relationships between short-cycle SIP quality and student achievement. Results concluded that short-cycle SIP quality increased over time, but despite small, positive relationships between increased short-cycle SIP quality and increased student achievement, there were no statistically significant impacts. Given the number of factors found to influence student learning, these results are unsurprising, but nevertheless encouraging. We close by discussing how educational leaders might need training to best leverage the short-cycle approach and how future research efforts can continue contributing to a sparse, but growing knowledge base on school improvement planning approaches.
Reflectance Spectroscopy of Beidellites and Their Importance for Mars

Beidellites may exist on Mars and represent intermediate alteration products; their presence would indicate different alteration environments than previously identified because montmorillonite is a low-grade alteration mineral whereas beidellite is a higher-temperature alteration mineral, and often represents a step toward illite formation. The reflectance spectra of beidellites are under study to support their orbital detection on Mars, where spectral signatures of other Al-rich phyllosilicates have been observed. Reflectance spectra of ten Al-rich smectites are presented here which include pure beidellites and Al smectites having compositions between those of beidellite and montmorillonite, and emphasis is placed here on the OH combination bands near 4545 cm−1 (2.2 μm) as these vibrational features are commonly used in the identification of phyllosilicates on Mars. Shifts were observed in the Al2OH band centers, which occur near 4590 cm−1 (2.18 μm) in reflectance spectra of beidellite and near 4525 cm−1 (2.21 μm) in reflectance spectra of montmorillonite. These are compared with the Al2OH bending vibrations observed near 941–948 cm−1 (10.5–10.6 μm) for beidellite and near 918–926 cm−1 (10.8–10.9 μm) for montmorillonite. Although the octahedral site cation composition provides the greatest influence on the vibrational energies of the M2OH groups, the tetrahedral site cation composition also influences these vibrations. Shifts were observed in the Si-O-Al bending vibrations from 552 and 480 cm−1 (18.1 and 20.8 μm) in beidellite spectra to 544 and 475 cm−1 (18.4 and 21.0 μm) in montmorillonite spectra. Gaussian modeling of the 4545 cm−1 (2.2 μm) bands led to the discrimination of four overlapping bands in each of the ten Al smectite spectra examined in this study. Shifts in the band center and area of the primary spectral band are coordinated with substitution of Al for Si in the tetrahedral sheet. This is consistent with beidellites having a greater tetrahedral layer charge than montmorillonites. The observed spectral differences were sufficiently large that these Al-rich smectites can be differentiated in orbital data of Mars. A pure beidellite-type spectrum is observed in an isolated Al phyllosilicate-bearing outcrop in Libya Montes, a region where Fe-rich smectite is common but Al-rich smectite is rare. Beidellite-type reflectance spectra were also observed in one area of the Nili Fossae region. In contrast, a variety of Al phyllosilicates were found in the ancient rocks at Mawrth Vallis, including some smaller clay-bearing regions exhibiting spectral signatures more consistent with beidellite-like than montmorillonite-like chemistry.
Personalized Emotion Recognition and Emotion Prediction System Based on Cloud Computing

Promoting economic development and improving people’s quality of life have a lot to do with the continuous improvement of cloud computing technology and the rapid expansion of applications. Emotions play an important role in all aspects of human life. It is difficult to avoid the influence of inner emotions in people’s behavior and deduction. This article mainly studies the personalized emotion recognition and emotion prediction system based on cloud computing. This paper proposes a method of intelligently identifying users’ emotional states through the use of cloud computing. First, an emotional induction experiment is designed to induce the testers’ positive, neutral, and negative three basic emotional states and collect cloud data and EEG under different emotional states. Then, the cloud data is processed and analyzed to extract emotional features. After that, this paper constructs a facial emotion prediction system based on cloud computing data model, which consists of face detection and facial emotion recognition. The system uses the SVM algorithm for face detection, uses the temporal feature algorithm for facial emotion analysis, and finally uses the classification method of machine learning to classify emotions, so as to realize the purpose of identifying the user’s emotional state through cloud computing technology. Experimental data shows that the EEG signal emotion recognition method based on time domain features performs best has better generalization ability and is improved by 6.3% on the basis of traditional methods. The experimental results show that the personalized emotion recognition method based on cloud computing is more effective than traditional methods.
The Weaponized Web: How Internet Technologies Fuel Intimate Partner Violence

ABSTRACT Technology has fundamentally shaped the way we communicate with acquaintances, family members, and romantic partners. Digital technologies permit us to be accessed (and access others) at any time, through a variety of electronic means irrespective of geography. The purpose of this article is link factors germane to technology to explain why they fuel intimate partner violence. This article outlines key characteristics of behaviors associated with intimate partner violence, outlines the specific functions of technology that exacerbate these symptoms, and introduces guidelines for training and treatment.
Design of substrate integrated waveguides based on nanowires: Numerical guidelines

A thorough study of the parameters influencing the operation of devices based on nanowired alumina substrate is presented. The basic structures are realized by growing metallic nanowires inside alumina porous substrate. The control of the areas wherein growth occurs allows building of various microwave devices supported on the filled template. The performances of these devices depend on the material parameters and topology/geometry in presence. These devices have the particularity to combine nanoscale, through the use of nanowires, and millimeter scale that is characteristic of microwave devices and their associated operating wavelength. The gap between the two‐scale ranges implies that analytical models and numerical simulation tools have to be combined to modelize and design performant microwave devices, such as Nanowired Substrate Integrated Waveguides (NSIWs) devices that are the subject of the paper. A deep parametric analysis of the properties and operation of the basic NSIW is presented and is followed by the illustration of two designs: a simple NSIW line, and an EBG NSIW filter.
Replacement Strategies for Animal Studies in Inhalation Testing

Testing in animals is mandatory in drug testing and the gold standard for evaluation of toxicity. This situation is expected to change in the future because the 3Rs principle, which stands for replacement, reduction and refinement of the use of animals in science, is reinforced by many countries. On the other hand, technologies for alternatives to animals experiments have increased. The necessity to develop and use of alternatives is influenced by the complexity of the research topic and also by the fact, to which extent the currently used animal models can mimic human physiology and/or exposure. Rodent lung morphology and physiology differs markedly for that of humans and inhalation exposure of the animals are challenging. In vitro and in silico methods can assess important aspects of the in vivo action, namely particle deposition, dissolution, action at and permeation across the respiratory barrier and pharmacokinetics. Out of the numerous homemade in vitro and in silico models some are available commercially or open access. This review discusses limitations of animal models and exposure systems and proposes a panel of in vitro and in silico techniques that, in the future, may replace animal experimentation in inhalation testing.
SiC-MOSFET or Si-IGBT: Comparison of Design and Key Characteristics of a 690 V Grid-Tied Industrial Two-Level Voltage Source Converter

In this paper, a design driven comparison between two 190 kVA industrial three-phase two-level voltage source converter (2L-VSC) designs based in silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon (Si) for 690 V grids is presented. These two designs were conceived to have the same nominal power, while switching at reasonable switching speeds and requiring the same case to ambient thermal impedance. Under these conditions, the designs were studied to detect the potential gains and limitations that a pragmatic converter design could feature when using these two technologies regarding cost, efficiency, size and weight. To achieve this, experimentally determined semiconductor characteristics were used to perform simulations, the results of which were then used to design the essential parts of the converter. These designed parts were then corroborated with manufacturers, from which physical characteristics of all designed components were obtained. The results show that the SiC based design presents substantial weight savings and an 11% system cost reduction, while preserving its traditional characteristics such as improved overall efficiency when compared to the silicon based design under the given design requirements and constraints.
Maximizing the Chaotic Behavior of Fractional Order Chen System by Evolutionary Algorithms

This paper presents the application of three optimization algorithms to increase the chaotic behavior of the fractional order chaotic Chen system. This is achieved by optimizing the maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE). The applied optimization techniques are evolutionary algorithms (EAs), namely: differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and invasive weed optimization (IWO). In each algorithm, the optimization process is performed using 100 individuals and generations from 50 to 500, with a step of 50, which makes a total of ten independent runs. The results show that the optimized fractional order chaotic Chen systems have higher maximum Lyapunov exponents than the non-optimized system, with the DE giving the highest MLE. Additionally, the results indicate that the chaotic behavior of the fractional order Chen system is multifaceted with respect to the parameter and fractional order values. The dynamical behavior and complexity of the optimized systems are verified using properties, such as bifurcation, LE spectrum, equilibrium point, eigenvalue, and sample entropy. Moreover, the optimized systems are compared with a hyper-chaotic Chen system on the basis of their prediction times. The results show that the optimized systems have a shorter prediction time than the hyper-chaotic system. The optimized results are suitable for developing a secure communication system and a random number generator. Finally, the Halstead parameters measure the complexity of the three optimization algorithms that were implemented in MATLAB. The results reveal that the invasive weed optimization has the simplest implementation.
Serial Multiple Mediation Model of Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Quality Between Perceived Stress and Life Satisfaction

Life satisfaction can both affect and be affected by occupational factors in military personnel. Perceived stress is considered an important predictor of life satisfaction. The objective of this study is to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of perceived stress on life satisfaction and the mediating role of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality among Iranian military personnel. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 301 military personnel were investigated by using standard self-report questionnaires, consisting of the Revised Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in our study. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, ordinary least square regression, and the bootstrap method. The direct effect of perceived stress on life satisfaction was significant. Perceived stress also affects life satisfaction indirectly through single mediation of sleep quality; serial multiple mediations of anxiety as the first and sleep quality as the second mediator; and the serial multiple mediations of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, as the first to the third mediator, respectively. Lower levels of perceived stress, depression, and anxiety, along with better sleep quality, are correlated to higher levels of life satisfaction in military personnel. There are several points of prevention and intervention in order to increase the life satisfaction of military personnel, which can improve their quality of life and occupational efficiency.
Implantable Antenna Design Based on Gosper Curve Fractal Geometry

A Gosper curve fractal-based geometry novel Planar Inverted F-antenna (PIFA) antenna has been proposed for implantable biotelemetry applications. The antenna is designed to work inside the human muscle tissue at the MICS band (402–405 MHz). The antenna is composed of two layers of radiating patch stacked together on Rogers RO 3010 substrate with a thickness of 10 mil and a radius of 5 mm. The volumetric size of the proposed antenna is approximately 60 mm3. The initial antenna is designed inside the single layer human muscle tissue and optimized inside the multilayer tissue model. Furthermore, lumped equivalent circuit models, based on Bessel filter function, have been proposed and their results are analogized with the proposed antenna design with an error of 2.1%. The performance of fabricated antenna prototype inside human muscle, mimicking liquid phantom, is matched to a large extent closely to the proposed numerical antenna model that ensures its reliability.