Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All Polymer Diffusion Regimes Covered by Combining Field-Cycling and Field-Gradient 1H NMR

Field-cycling and field-gradient 1H NMR experiments were combined to reveal the segmental mean-square displacement as a function of time for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polybutadiene (PB). Together, more than 10 decades in time are covered, and all four power-law regimes of the tube-reptation (TR) model are identified with exponents rather close to the predicted ones. Characteristic polymer properties like the tube diameter a0, the Kuhn length b, the mean-square end-to-end distance ⟨R02⟩, the segmental correlation time τs(T), the entanglement time τe(T), and the disengagement time τd(T) are estimated from the measurements and compared to results from literature. Concerning τd(T), fair agreement is found. In the case of τe, agreement with rheological data is achieved when the time constant is extracted from the minimum in the shear modulus G″(ω). Concerning the TR predictions the molar mass (M) dependence of τd is essentially reproduced. Yet, calculating τe from τd for PDMS yields agreement with experi.
Richer U-Net: Learning More Details for Road Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Road detection in remote sensing images has been an important research topic in the past few decades. However, with complex backgrounds and occlusion of vehicles and trees, it is difficult for most road detection methods to obtain complete and accurate results. There will be a large number of error and omission detections in such complex scenes due to the poor utilization of detailed information. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel road detection method called Richer U-Net, which alleviates this problem by designing two detail enhancement strategies. First, considering that convolution operation will cause the loss of detailed information in the feature map, an enhanced detail recovery structure (EDRS) is introduced to make full use of those lost information. It combines the output of each convolutional layer at the same level for the detail recovery of decoding network, leading to more accurate segmentation results. Second, an edge-focused loss function is proposed to guide the network to pay more attention to the road edge area. By adding an enhancement factor, the pixels closer to edge will contribute more loss. The corresponding experiments are conducted on two public datasets, and it can be shown that our method effectively improves final detection results.
Alizarin Complexone Staining of the Scale and Tissues of Juvenile Red Sea Bream. Pagrus major

The staining and bleaching processes of the vertebra, gill arch, fin ray, scale, digestive organs, kidney, liver etc by using Alizarin complexone (ALC) were examined in juvenile red sea bream to improve the ALC marking method. Fish in about 15 mm TL were kept in 100 mg•EL-1 ALC solution for 24 h and then transfered into normal sea water. After rearing in 0, 6, 24, 72, 168 and 264 h respectively, fish were fixed 70% alcohol. Histological section of juvenile red sea bream were made and observed by using ultraviolet microscope. Samples just after staining, fluorescent stains were found at many part of both soft and hard tissues. But it was not found at any part, except for scale and otolith, of fish recuperated more than 24h after staining. Fluorescence were also found in even scale and otolith of fish recuperated 264 hours after staining. Then we observed and detected fluorescent ring on the scales of recatched fish, they live in four months or more than one year since they were stocked natural waters. According to past studies, it was concerned that ALC staines was able to detect only at otolith, because that dye was discharged by calcium metabolism. However results of present study certify that staining by ALC is also available to scale. 従 来,マ ダイ,Pagrus major種 苗の放流 効果 を検討 す るため に,ア ンカー タグ標識1)や 鰭切除2)な どの体 外標識法による標識放流調査が行われて きた。 しか し, これ らの標識法 は魚体へ の負担が大 きい ことや大量標 識 に多 くの労力 を要す るなどの点で問題があ り,さ ら にタグの脱落が回収率の計算に支障 を来す との指摘が されてい る3)。 これ らの問題点 を解決す るため,蛍 光物質 を用い耳 石 に標識 す る方法 が開発 され4,5),さ らに,実 海域 で 蛍光性金属指示薬の アリザ リン ・コンプ レクソン(以 受 領 日:1993(H5)年4月5日 索 引 語:マ ダイ/ALC標 識/鱗 検出 連 絡 先:〒238-02神 奈川県三浦市三崎町城 ケ島 神奈川県水産試験場 今井利為 Address : T. IMAI, Kanagawa Prefectural Fishery Experimental Station, Jogashima, Miura, Kanagawa 238-02, Japan 380 土地敬洋 ・今井利為(1993) 下ALCと する)の 実用性 が示 された6,7)。 この耳石 に 標識す る方法 は先の問題点 を改善 しただ けで はな く, 卵やふ化仔魚 をはじめ とす る小型種苗への標識 を可能 にし,大 量標識作業 を軽減 した点で も注 目された。 こ の ため,ALC標 識 は この数 年の 間に人工種 苗 の標識 に用い られた種類 と放流尾数は増加 した。 しか し,こ の標識法 はALCが 高価 であ るこ とと個 体標識が不可能であ る点,お よび魚の成長に伴 う耳石 への カルシ ュウムの沈 着がALCの 確認 を困難 にす る な どの欠点が存在 していた。 と くに,耳 石への標識 は 体内標 識であるために外部か らの識別が行えず,標 本 の買い取 りお よび耳石の摘 出 ・研 磨な どの作 業 を必要 とする。 そ こで,本 研 究は これ らの問題点 を検討す るため, マ ダイ稚魚 のALCの 染色過 程 と脱色過 程 を組織切 片 に よる観 察 を行い,そ の結果,ALC標 識 の識別 が耳 石だけではな く鱗において も可能である ことを明か に した。 さらに,ALCを 装着 し放流 し再捕 され た魚の 鱗か らもALCを 検 出す るこ とがで きたので報告 する。
Reanalysis of climate influences on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity using cluster analysis

We analyze, using Poisson regressions, the main climate influences on North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. The analysis is performed using not only various time series of basin‐wide storm counts but also various series of regional clusters, taking into account shortcomings of the hurricane database through estimates of missing storms. The analysis confirms that tropical cyclones forming in different regions of the Atlantic are susceptible to different climate influences. We also investigate the presence of trends in these various time series, both at the basin‐wide and cluster levels, and show that, even after accounting for possible missing storms, there remains an upward trend in the eastern part of the basin and a downward trend in the western part. Using model selection algorithms, we show that the best model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity for the recent past is constructed using Atlantic sea surface temperature and upper tropospheric temperature, while for the 1878–2015 period, the chosen covariates are Atlantic sea surface temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. We also note that the presence of these artificial trends can impact the selection of the best covariates. If the underlying series shows an upward trend, then the mean Atlantic sea surface temperature captures both interannual variability and the upward trend, artificial or not. The relative sea surface temperature is chosen instead for stationary counts. Finally, we show that the predictive capability of the statistical models investigated is low for U.S. landfalling hurricanes but can be considerably improved when forecasting combinations of clusters whose hurricanes are most likely to make landfall.
Synthesis of adipic acid dihydrazide-decorated coco peat powder-based superabsorbent for controlled release of soil nutrients

Superabsorbent composites based on agricultural byproducts represent a promising strategy for recycling exploitable waste resources and relieving environmental stress, but their development is usually hindered, because the traditional pretreatment technology for lignocellulosic raw materials is intricate and time-consuming, and always generates pollution-causing effluents. In this research, we firstly employ adipic acid dihydrazide as an outstanding decorating substrate for the pretreatment of CP, and then synthesize a novel superabsorbent (MA-CP@ADH-g-PAA) through grafting poly(acrylic acid) onto an MA-modified CP@ADH surface. Compared with conventional acid and alkali pretreatment approaches, CP@ADH, without the need for any harsh reaction conditions or complex equipment, has avoided possible pollution during the process and simultaneously introduced plenty of amine groups onto the inert CP surface. The CP@ADH had a higher degree of substitution than that of pristine CP, and the grafting efficiency reached 75.2%. The swelling equilibrium of the MA-CP@ADH-g-PAA reached about 470.02 g g−1 in distilled water, and the swelling behavior under load and load-free both fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. Owing to their excellent water absorbing and holding capacity, and slow release behavior of soil nutrients, it is believed that the MA-CP@ADH-g-PAA superabsorbent product could have potential industrial applications, especially in agricultural and horticultural usage.
Late Pliocene-Pleistocene incision in the Ebro Basin (North Spain)

The Ebro Basin constitutes the central part of the southern foreland of the Pyrenees. It was endorheic during the Cenozoic and accumulated sediments. By the end of the Miocene, erosion and river incision reconnected the basin to the Mediterranean Sea, establishing a post-opening drainage network. Those rivers left terraces that we study in this work. We first synthesize previous works on river terraces that are widely dispersed in the basin. We provide new age constraints, up to 3 Ma, obtained thanks to cosmogenic nuclides using both profile and burial methods. We derive a unified fluvial terrace chronology and a homogenized map of the highest terraces over the entire Ebro Basin. The dated terraces labeled A, B, C, D, and E are dated to 2.8 ± 0.7 Ma, 1.15 ± 0.15 Ma, 850 ± 70 ka, 650 ± 130 ka, and 400 ± 120 ka, respectively. The chronology proposed here is similar to other sequences of river terraces dated in the Iberian Peninsula, around the Pyrenees, and elsewhere in Europe. The oldest terraces (A, B, C) are extensive, indicating they form a mobile fluvial network while from D to present, the network was stable and entrenched in 100 to 200 m-deep valleys. The transition from mobile to fixed fluvial network is likely to have occurred during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT, between 0.7 and 1.3 Ma), when long-period/high-intensity climate fluctuations were established in Europe. We estimate that between 2.8–1.15 Ma and present, the incision rates have tripled.
A pose estimation method based on stereo vision and inertial navigation fusion

Aiming at the problem of autonomous positioning of unmanned aerial vehicles in unstructured and complex environment, a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) construction algorithm based on the fusion of stereo camera and inertial navigation device is proposed. The algorithm is divided into two parts: front end and back end. Adopt a local pose estimation method based on sparse feature points, and propose a feature management method and an image frame tracking method based on the inertial measurement unit (IMU) uncertainty model for feature matching and tracking, respectively, which can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of feature matching. A graph optimization method that combines stereo information and inertial device information. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data set Euroc test results show that the SLAM algorithm has good comprehensive performance and can meet the autonomous positioning needs of unmanned aerial vehicles in unstructured and complex environments.
Using “State Philanthropy” to Educate the Next Generation and Build Democracy

Abstract:This article posits a conceptual framework for understanding how what I call “state philanthropy” in education is used to build democracy. Using the example of Tunisia, the article looks at how states manage grantees, choose partners, frame problems, and evaluate philanthropic endeavors in education. In drawing from the International Relations literature on the conceptual scaffolding of soft diplomacy, the article examines the rise of state philanthropy in education where donor countries spend billions of dollars trying to (re)shape national educational systems under the guise of security. The article explores the difference between educational philanthropy (in the form of zakat, sadaqah, and waqf) and state philanthropy by explaining how the former is waning in support while the latter thrives under perceived new threats. By doing this, the article seeks to contribute to the existing literature on philanthropy by exploring how new actors (both state and non-state alike) are using soft diplomacy to reshape Islamic philanthropy in education. The article concludes by suggesting that we are now entering a complicated time in educational philanthropy that is no longer based on individual giving but one directed and dictated by the geometries of statist interventionism.
Novel Metrology Techniques Resolve Strong-Field-Driven Electron Dynamics in Solids

Laserpulse konnen die elektronischen Eigenschaften von Festkorpern auf der Zeitskala der optischen Feldzyklen beobachten und manipulieren. Liegt die transiente, optische Feldstarke knapp unterhalb der Zerstorschwelle des Materials, so hangt die Polarisationsantwort des angeregten Systems nicht mehr von der Einhullenden des Lichtpulses ab, sondern von den Schwingungsperioden des elektrischen Feldes. Potentiell kann diese schnelle, lichtgesteuerte Kontrolle der Ladungstrager fur die Signalverarbeitung mit Frequenzen im Petahertz-Bereich (1e15 Hz) genutzt werden. Die prazise Anregung der elektronischen Systeme und die zeitaufgeloste Analyse ihrer Polarisationsantwort erfordern Messmethoden, die diese optischen Wellenformen charakterisieren konnen. Diese Anforderung stellt uns vor eine experimentelle Herausforderung: Wie konnen wir Wellenformen messen, die zu den schnellsten, reproduzierbaren Signalen gehoren, die uns im Labor zur Verfugung stehen? Diese Dissertation widmet sich der Verbesserung und Entwicklung neuer Messmethoden zur vollstandigen Bestimmung des elektrischen Feldes kurzer Laserpulse und deren Anwendung zur Untersuchung starkfeldinduzierter Elektronendynamiken in Festkorpern.
Effect of Growing Area on Total Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Tannins and Antimicrobial Activity in Quercus suber L. Acorn Oil

The investigation was conducted on oil extracted from mature acorns of Quercus suber L. harvested from three different Tunisian sites. The content of total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoides were determined. Antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Antimicrobial activity of this oil was tested against: Escherichia Coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Gentamicin and amphotericin B were respectively used as a positive reference for bacteria and fungi. Discs without samples were used as a negative control. Fixed oil of cork oak acorn was extracted by the soxhlet apparatus. The oil content, expressed as dry weight, ranged from 0.9 to 2.02%. Fixed oil extracted from acorns of cork oak showed a high amount of total polyphenols 18.93 mg GAE/g. Amounts of flavonoids and tannins were also important. The results showed a significant antimicrobial effect against B. subtilis and C. albicans with inhibition diameter of 10.6 mm and 9.8 mm, respectively.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Appliances From Smart-Meter Measurements via Multi-Label Consistent Deep Dictionary Learning and Deep Transform Learning

Currently there are several well-known approaches to non-intrusive appliance load monitoring—rule based, stochastic finite state machines, neural networks, and sparse coding. Recently several studies have proposed a new approach based on multi-label classification. Different appliances are treated as separate classes, and the task is to identify the classes given the aggregate smart-meter reading. Prior studies in this area have used off-the-shelf algorithms like multi label <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nearest neighbor and random <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-label sets to address this problem. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based technique. There are hardly any studies in deep learning based multi-label classification; two new deep learning techniques to solve the said problem are fundamental contributions of this paper. These are deep dictionary learning and deep transform learning. Thorough experimental results on benchmark datasets show marked improvement over existing studies.
Diaminodiacid-based synthesis of macrocyclic peptides using 1,2,3-triazole bridges as disulfide bond mimetics

A new approach for the efficient construction of 1,2,3-triazole bridges as disulfide surrogates in peptides, utilizing the diaminodiacid strategy was established. Two thanatin derivatives were prepared with 1,5- and 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole diaminodiacids as building blocks. The antibacterial activity studies are also described here.
PT-symmetry entails pseudo-Hermiticity regardless of diagonalizability

We prove that in finite dimensions, a Parity-Time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonian is necessarily pseudo-Hermitian regardless of whether it is diagonalizable or not. This result is different from Mostafazadeh's, which requires the Hamiltonian to be diagonalizable. PT-symmetry breaking often occurs at exceptional points where the Hamiltonian is not diagonalizable. Our result implies that PT-symmetry breaking is equivalent to the onset of instabilities of pseudo-Hermitian systems, which was systematically studied by Krein et al. in 1950s. In particular, we show that the mechanism of PT-symmetry breaking is the resonance between eigenmodes with different Krein signatures.
Quantum circuit optimizations for NISQ architectures

Currently available quantum computing hardware platforms have limited 2-qubit connectivity among their addressable qubits. In order to run a generic quantum algorithm on such a platform, one has to transform the initial logical quantum circuit describing the algorithm into an equivalent one that obeys the connectivity restrictions. In this work we construct a circuit synthesis scheme that takes as input the qubit connectivity graph and a quantum circuit over the gate set generated by { CNOT , R Z } and outputs a circuit that respects the connectivity of the device. As a concrete application, we apply our techniques to Google’s Bristlecone 72-qubit quantum chip connectivity, IBM’s Tokyo 20-qubit quantum chip connectivity, and Rigetti’s Acorn 19-qubit quantum chip connectivity. In addition, we also compare the performance of our scheme as a function of sparseness of randomly generated quantum circuits, and discuss how to apply our techniques as a subroutine for the more general mapping problem over universal set of gates (Clifford + T).
Analysis of the Impact of Islamic Boarding School Education on Cultivating the Discipline of the Santri at the Islamic Boarding School

This study aims to determine how the communication process in the boarding school environment instills a spirit of discipline in its students. This approach uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The results of the research prove that although the infrastructure and application systems are still relatively limited, the santri at the Islamic boarding school are able to understand easily how discipline should be applied inside the boarding school to outside the scope of the pesantren. The tips for disciplining discipline carried out by the caregivers include several ways. Such as increased motivation made by the caregiver.
Observations of the Ultraviolet-bright Star Barnard 29 in the Globular Cluster M13 (NGC 6205)

We have analyzed spectra from FUSE, COS, GHRS, and Keck HIRES of the UV-bright star Barnard 29 in M13 (NGC 6205). By comparing the photospheric abundances derived from multiple ionization states of C, N, O, Si, and S, we infer an effective temperature = 21,400 ± 400 K. Balmer-line fits yield a surface gravity = 3.10 ± 0.03. We derive photospheric abundances of He, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ge. Barnard 29 exhibits an abundance pattern typical of the first-generation stars in M13, enhanced in oxygen and depleted in aluminum. An underabundance of C and an overabundance of N suggest that the star experienced nonconvective mixing on the red giant branch (RGB). We see no evidence of significant chemical evolution since the star left the RGB; in particular, it did not undergo third dredge-up. Previous workers found that the star’s far-UV spectra yield an iron abundance about 0.5 dex lower than its optical spectrum, but the iron abundances derived from all of our spectra are consistent with the cluster value. We attribute this difference to our use of model atmospheres without microturbulence, which is ruled out by careful fits to optical absorption features. We derive a mass M*/M⊙ = 0.45–0.55 and luminosity = 3.26–3.35. Comparison with stellar-evolution models suggests that Barnard 29 evolved from a zero-age horizontal branch star of mass M*/M⊙ between 0.50 and 0.55, near the boundary between the extreme and blue horizontal branches.
A Fundamental Plane for Gamma-Ray Pulsars

We show that the γ-ray pulsar observables, i.e., their total γ-ray luminosity, , spectral cutoff energy, , stellar surface magnetic field, B⋆, and spin-down power , obey a relation of the form , which represents a 3D plane in their 4D logspace. Fitting the data of 88 pulsars of the second Fermi pulsar catalog, we show this relation to be , a pulsar fundamental plane (FP). We show that the observed FP is remarkably close to the theoretical relation obtained assuming that the pulsar γ-ray emission is due to curvature radiation by particles accelerated at the pulsar equatorial current sheet just outside the light cylinder. Interestingly, the FP seems incompatible with emission by synchrotron radiation. The corresponding scatter about the FP is ∼0.35 dex and can only partly be explained by the observational errors while the rest is probably due to the variation of the inclination and observer angles. We predict also that toward low for both young and millisecond pulsars implying that the observed death line of γ-ray pulsars is due to dropping below the Fermi band. Our results provide a comprehensive interpretation of the observations of γ-ray pulsars, setting requirements for successful theoretical modeling.
A Large-Scale Comparison of Historical Text Normalization Systems

There is no consensus on the state-of-the-art approach to historical text normalization. Many techniques have been proposed, including rule-based methods, distance metrics, character-based statistical machine translation, and neural encoder–decoder models, but studies have used different datasets, different evaluation methods, and have come to different conclusions. This paper presents the largest study of historical text normalization done so far. We critically survey the existing literature and report experiments on eight languages, comparing systems spanning all categories of proposed normalization techniques, analysing the effect of training data quantity, and using different evaluation methods. The datasets and scripts are made publicly available.
Location measurement of an object using radio networks for Industry 4.0 applications

Indoor positioning methods using radio networks are investigated. Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method is studied deeply, and the main problems are revealed. Application of ultra-wide band (UWB) radio technology to TDOA method is discussed, and limitations to UWB receiver and transmitter are revealed. These results are of great importance for the organization of unmanned moving devices management in the paradigm of fully autonomous Fabric of the Future in Industry 4.0.