Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Efficacy at a Point in Time

Vaccine trials are generally designed to assess efficacy on clinical disease. The vaccine effect on infection, while important both as a proxy for transmission and to describe a vaccine's total effects, requires frequent longitudinal sampling to capture all infections. Such sampling may not always be feasible. A logistically easy approach is to collect a sample to test for infection at a regularly scheduled visit. Such point or cross-sectional sampling does not permit estimation of classic vaccine effciacy on infection, as long duration infections are sampled with higher probability. Building on work by Rinta et al 2009, we evaluate proxies of the vaccine effect on transmission at a point in time; the vaccine efficacy on prevalent infection and on prevalent viral load, VE$_{PI}$ and VE$_{PVL}$, respectively. Longer infections with higher viral loads should have more transmission potential and prevalent vaccine efficacy naturally captures this aspect. We apply a proportional hazards model for infection risk and show how these metrics can be estimated using longitudinal or cross-sectional sampling. We also introduce regression models for designs with multiple cross-sectional sampling. The methods are evaluated by simulation and a phase III vaccine trial with PCR cross-sectional sampling for subclinical infection is analyzed.
Geofreebie: a location-based freecycling app to support forced migrant resettlement

ABSTRACT Germany has witnessed an influx of forced migrants in recent years. Promoting social interaction with the local community is key to supporting the resettlement of these newcomers. Location-based freecycling services present important benefits due to freecycling’s potential to bolster social engagement and location-based services’ ability to adapt to the user’s context. Yet, their potential to support forced migrants’ resettlement is yet to be examined. We conducted needs assessment interviews with 11 participants in Münster, Germany. We analysed the interview results to develop user requirements for location-based freecycling services. We then implemented a subset of the user requirements as a prototype mobile app called Geofreebie. The evaluation of the app with 22 participants showed that Geofreebie offered two key advantages for forced migrants’ resettlement: it increased the size of their social network, and created a sense of community on their side. These findings can benefit researchers and developers of location-based services to support forced migrant resettlement.
Time-dependent diffusion coefficient as a probe of geometry

This is a tutorial describing how the time-dependent diffusion coefficient D(t) of mobile molecules confined in pores or cells carries information about the confining geometry. At early times, D(t) = D0[1 − (4/9)(S/Vp)] gives, irrespective of details, the pore surface to volume ratio (S/Vp), which is a measure of microscopic length. Here D0 is the bulk unrestricted diffusion coefficient. At long times, D(t) reaches a limiting value D0/α at a rate that depends on macroscopic length scales characteristic of the medium. The geometrical parameter “tortuosity” α plays an important role in various transport processes in porous media, such as the electrical conductivity. Extensions of these concepts to permeable pore walls, fluid identification by combining diffusion with relaxation, restricted diffusion in inhomogeneous magnetic fields leading to edge enhancement, and fractal surfaces are briefly described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 23A: 1–21, 2004
Unpaired Image Denoising via Wasserstein GAN in Low-Dose CT Image with Multi-Perceptual Loss and Fidelity Loss

The use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in medical practice can effectively reduce the radiation risk of patients, but it may increase noise and artefacts, which can compromise diagnostic information. The methods based on deep learning can effectively improve image quality, but most of them use a training set of aligned image pairs, which are difficult to obtain in practice. In order to solve this problem, on the basis of the Wasserstein generative adversarial network (GAN) framework, we propose a generative adversarial network combining multi-perceptual loss and fidelity loss. Multi-perceptual loss uses the high-level semantic features of the image to achieve the purpose of noise suppression by minimizing the difference between the LDCT image and the normal-dose computed tomography (NDCT) image in the feature space. In addition, L2 loss is used to calculate the loss between the generated image and the original image to constrain the difference between the denoised image and the original image, so as to ensure that the image generated by the network using the unpaired images is not distorted. Experiments show that the proposed method performs comparably to the current deep learning methods which utilize paired image for image denoising.
Solubility of Pb(II) and Ni(II) in Mixed Sulfate−Chloride Solutions with the Mixed Solvent Electrolyte Model

The existence of Pb(II) in nickel sulfide mineral feedstocks imposes a burden to nickel hydrometallurgy. To devise effective Pb(II) control strategies, the solubility of Pb(II) in mixed sulfate−chloride solutions needs to be known in the nickel industry. In this work, the solubility of Pb(II) and Ni(II) in a Pb−Na−Ni−SO4−Cl−H2O system was modeled with the mixed solvent electrolyte (MSE) model through commercial software OLI systems. The model parameters, including equilibrium constants of solids (PbCl2, PbSO4, NiSO4·nH2O, and NiCl2·nH2O) and MSE ion interaction parameters, were regressed from various types of equilibrium and thermophysical data such as solubility, heat capacity, vapor pressure, and mean activity coefficient. The obtained model parameters are capable of accurately representing experimental data in binary (PbCl2−H2O, PbSO4−H2O, NiSO4−H2O, and NiCl2−H2O) and ternary (PbCl2−HCl/NaCl−H2O, NiSO4−Na2SO4−H2O, and NiCl2−HCl−H2O) systems and give excellent predictions in multicomponent systems (NiC.
The 'Long Rule' in the Lambek Calculus with Iteration: Undecidability without Meets and Joins

We consider the Lambek calculus extended with positive iteration as a unary connective. The choice of positive iteration, not Kleene star, is dictated by Lambek’s antecedent non-emptiness restriction. Usually iteration is axiomatized either by an inductive schema or by an ω-rule. We consider an intermediate system with a rule which we call the ‘long rule,’ which reduces iteration of A to explicit treatment of powers of A up to the k-th one, and reusing iteration in the form A · A. In the presence of additive disjunction (union), the ‘long rule’ is easily derivable. For the ‘pure’ Lambek calculus without additives this is not the case. For the system with the ‘long rule’ we prove undecidability. We also investigate connections of this system with the standard inductive-style one.
Algorithmic Properties of First-Order Modal Logics of the Natural Number Line in Restricted Languages

We study algorithmic properties of ﬁrst-order predicate monomodal logics of the frames (cid:104) N , < (cid:105) and (cid:104) N , (cid:54) (cid:105) in languages with restrictions on the number of individual variables as well as the number and arity of predicate letters. The languages we consider have no constants, function symbols, or the equality symbol. We show that satisﬁability for the logic of (cid:104) N , < (cid:105) is Σ 11 -hard in languages with two individual variables and two monadic predicate letters. We also show that satisﬁability for the logic of (cid:104) N , (cid:54) (cid:105) is Σ 11 -hard in languages with two individual variables, two monadic, and one 0-ary predicate letter. Thus, these logics are Π 11 -hard, and therefore not recursively enumerable, in languages with the aforementioned restrictions. Similar results are obtained for the class of ﬁrst-order predicate monomodal logics of frames (cid:104) N , R (cid:105) , where R is a binary relation between < and (cid:54) .
Application of Artificial Neural Network in the Residual Oil Hydrotreatment Process

Abstract Based on the industrial measured data of the residual oil hydrotreatment process, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to determine metal, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon residue content of hydrogenated residual oil. The established ANN model has seven input variables, four output variables, and 1 hidden layer with 15 neurons. The training results show that the agreement between predicted and industrial measured values is good. The mean relative errors of the testing data for the four output variables are less than 6%. It indicated that the developed ANN model has good predictive precision and extrapolative features. The model can provide reference for the further processing of hydrogenated residual oil. This kind of application can be easily developed in any other hydrotreatment process with available adequate historical data.
Analysis of Fractal Structures in Dehydrated Films of Protein Solutions

The article deals with dendritic structures resulting from self-organization processes in aqueous solutions of albumin proteins. The methods for obtaining the structures and experimental results are presented. It is shown that dendrites are fractal structures that are symmetric under certain conditions of their formation and can have different characteristics depending on the isothermal dehydration of liquid samples. The fractal dimension of the structures in films of the albumin protein solution has been calculated. Dependences of the fractal dimension on the concentrations of salts and protein in the initial solutions and also on the dehydration temperature have been revealed. It has been shown that as the protein concentration in the solution grows, the salt concentration for the initiation of the dendritic structure formation increases. It has been found that the temperature dependences of the fractal dimension of the structures become smoother with increasing protein concentration in solutions. The relationship between geometric characteristics of dendrites and self-organization parameters during drying is discussed.
Testing Symmetrical Knot Tracing for Cognitive Priming Effects Rules out Analytic Analogy

Ritual knots are symmetrical crisscrossing designs that appear in distant cultures around the world. Their independent emergence is plausibly due to shared features of human cognition and experience that such patterns represent. Since empirical investigation of this possibility is lacking in the literature, our aim is to open up this research area. We do so by asking whether the cultural production and appreciation of ritual knots could be conditioned or motivated by alignments and affordances linked to creative human cognition—advanced analogical modeling processes that are themselves often discussed in terms of bidirectional blending and symmetrical mapping. If manual tracing of a traditional knot design had positive priming effects on such reasoning processes, as we hypothesize, this would suggest an explanatory link between the two. To begin testing this hypothesis, we selected a basic, traditional knot design from Tibet, along with three established measures of formal analogical reasoning and one original measure of syntactic preference involving reciprocal constructions. We then undertook a series of cognitive trials testing for potential cognitive benefits of manually tracing the design. We contrasted prime condition results with a control group and an anti-prime condition group. The data show observable effects of time across multiple measures but no significant effects of time or condition, controlling for reported mindfulness. While this rules out the short-term priming effects of enhanced analogical reasoning at the analytic level following brief manual tracing of this design, the research opens the way for further empirical experimentation on the nature and emergence of symmetrical knots and their potential relationships with patterns of human thought.
Dynamics of iodine, bromine, and chlorine in soil: I. Effect of moisture, temperature, and pH on the dissolution of the triad from soil

The effect of the moisture content, temperature, and pH on the dissolution ratios of iodine, bromine, and chlorine (triad) from Japanese soils which contain large amounts of iodine and bromine was examined, (i) Soil moisture level was the most important environmental factor affecting the dissolution ratio. The dissolution ratios of iodine and bromine which were lowest under the non-flooded conditions and ranged from 40 to 60% of the water saturation level, increased by 2–3 orders when the soil had been flooded, (ii) The dissolution ratios of the triad were in the order of iodine≪bromine≪chlorine under non-flooded conditions. (iii) The dissolution ratios of iodine and bromine were lowest at pHs 4.0-5.5. (iv) The dissolution ratios of iodine and bromine were lowest in the soil temperature range of 5-30°C and — 5-15°C, respectively, both ratios gradually increasing with the increase of the temperature. When the air-dried soil was frozen at — 20°C, the dissolution ratio of iodine increased markedly, .
Role of small ribosomal proteins forming the decoding site in translation

Translation is one of the key mechanisms occurring in the cell during every second of its existence. It is a very complex process ensured by three main actors: tRNAs, mRNAs and ribosomes. Despite of being thoroughly studied over decades, the understanding of some of its functional aspects is still rather poor. This bachelor thesis focuses on four small ribosomal proteins listed below that are reaching to the decoding centre of the small ribosomal subunit. It raises awareness of the structure and function of uS12, uS19, eS25 and eS30, their evolution, role within the ribosome, and the influence they have on various stages of translation. In particular, this thesis specifically reviews the importance of these four proteins for the stop codon readthrough. This phenomenon occurs when a near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNA or a natural suppressor tRNA wins with eRF1 over the corresponding stop codon and thus protein synthesis is continued resulting in the existence of a longer protein. It summarizes our current knowledge of its origin, molecular details of its mechanism, its existence in different species, benefits and disadvantages it brings to the life of a cell or even an organism, and finally it sums up all available knowledge for potential future use of readthrough in therapeutics.
Graphene Oxide-Based Nanomaterials: The Preparation, Application, and Factors that Affect the Adsorption Capacity on Drinking Water Treatment-Review

The presence of contaminants in the water is a problem that worries humanity since the consumption of water with inadequate concentrations of contaminants can cause serious problems to human health, and different technologies have been used to reduce or eliminate those contaminants in drinking water. Adsorption has been highlighted because of its low cost and simplicity removal process and, graphene oxide has been reported as excellent adsorbent because it has functional groups that offer stability, antifouling, and hydrophilicity, important to contaminants removal from water. The review of literature related to graphene oxide, water contaminants, and their impact on human health was the basis for the execution of the present work. A thorough analysis of each selected article and critical analysis were made to report the ability to remove contaminants and factors that can contribute J Nanotechnol Res 2020; 2 (4): 060-091 DOI: 10.26502/ jnr.2688-85210017 Journal of Nanotechnology Research 61 positively or negatively to the contaminants removal process. A total of 204 articles were selected, mostly published in the last 5 years, because advances in the use of graphene oxide as adsorbent are reported annually. This article will help to understand better that graphene oxide alone or combined can treat different contaminants from drinking water.
International Trade and Corporate Market Power, WP/20/131, July 2020

This paper examines the effect of international trade on corporate market power in emerging market economies and developing countries, with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on a large firm-level dataset, tariff data by sector and agreggate indicators of international trade for the period 2000-17. Greater trade liberalization and trade integration are associated with significant declines in market power, with the effect being more pronounced for firms in the manufacturing and ICT sectors, private sector firms, and firms with higher initial markups. Firms in sub-Saharan Africa tend to experience signficantly lower markups after allowing greater trade integration. The effects of trade liberalization on market power materializes over time, and there are significant complementarities between trade reforms and real sector reforms. JEL Classification Numbers: D40, F10, P11.
The histone demethylase KDM2B regulates human primordial germ cell-like cells specification

Germline specification is a fundamental step for human reproduction and this biological phenomenon possesses technical challenges to study in vivo as it occurs immediately after blastocyst implantation. The establishment of in vitro human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) induction system allows sophisticated characterization of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of hPGCLC specification are not fully elucidated. Here, we observed particularly high expression of the histone demethylase KDM2B in male fetal germ cells (FGCs) but not in male somatic cells. Besides, KDM2B shared similar expression pattern with hPGC marker genes in hPGCLCs, suggesting an important role of KDM2B in germ cell development. Although deletion of KDM2B had no significant effects on human embryonic stem cell (hESC)'s pluripotency, loss of KDM2B dramatically impaired hPGCLCs differentiation whereas ectopically expressed KDM2B could efficiently rescue such defect, indicating this defect was due to KDM2B's loss in hPGCLC specification. Mechanistically, as revealed by the transcriptional profiling, KDM2B suppressed the expression of somatic genes thus inhibited somatic differentiation during hPGCLC specification. These data collectively indicate that KDM2B is an indispensable epigenetic regulator for hPGCLC specification, shedding lights on how epigenetic regulations orchestrate transcriptional events in hPGC development for future investigation.
RUNX 2 correlates with subtype-specific breast cancer in a human tissue microarray , and ectopic expression of Runx 2 perturbs differentiation in the mouse mammary gland

525 ABSTRACT RUNX2, a master regulator of osteogenesis, is oncogenic in the lymphoid lineage; however, little is known about its role in epithelial cancers. Upregulation of RUNX2 in cell lines correlates with increased invasiveness and the capacity to form osteolytic disease in models of breast and prostate cancer. However, most studies have analysed the effects of this gene in a limited number of cell lines and its role in primary breast cancer has not been resolved. Using a human tumour tissue microarray, we show that high RUNX2 expression is significantly associated with oestrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/HER2-negative breast cancers and that patients with high RUNX2 expression have a poorer survival rate than those with negative or low expression. We confirm RUNX2 as a gene that has a potentially important functional role in triple-negative breast cancer. To investigate the role of this gene in breast cancer, we made a transgenic model in which Runx2 is specifically expressed in murine mammary epithelium under the control of the mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) promoter. We show that ectopic Runx2 perturbs normal development in pubertal and lactating animals, delaying ductal elongation and inhibiting lobular alveolar differentiation. We also show that the Runx2 transgene elicits agerelated, pre-neoplastic changes in the mammary epithelium of older transgenic animals, suggesting that elevated RUNX2 expression renders such tissue more susceptible to oncogenic changes and providing further evidence that this gene might have an important, context-dependent role in breast cancer.
FR-4 PCB Process-based mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna Using Planar High-Impedance Surfaces

This paper describes a design methodology of a millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) phased array antenna that can improve the antenna performance by utilizing planar high-impedance surfaces based on FR-4 PCB process. The antenna element consists of inverted-L antenna topology integrated with one-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (1-D EBG) and via wall structures. The 1-D EBG and via wall structures serve as high-impedance surfaces which can both enhance the array performance and reduce mutual coupling within 0. 34λ0 element spacing. In addition, the fabricated array antenna consisting of 4-elements and low loss feeding networks exhibits a wide -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 17 GHz between 23 GHz to 40 GHz. Due to the compressed element spacing, beam steerable coverage of 120° (±60°) within 3 dB scan loss and maximum error vector magnitude (EVM) of 16.6% in QPSK modulation scheme at 28 GHz are experimentally ascertained.
Optimal Number of Turns Design of the IPT Coils for Laptop Wireless Charging

The coil design of the inductive power transfer (IPT) for a transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) is crucial to determine the performance of the IPT. Considering core loss and copper loss of the Tx and Rx coils, which are major loss terms of the whole IPT system, determination of the winding turns for the Tx and Rx coils becomes a key factor for maximum power transfer design of the IPT coils. In this paper, an optimal turns design of IPT coils for laptop wireless charging applications with a maximum power transfer efficiency is proposed. Under a specific design requirement of IPT, optimal turns of the Tx and Rx coils <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{1,op}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{2,op}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be determined by the proposed IPT coil design procedure with a finite-element-method (FEM) based simulation analysis. From the results of the coil design by the proposed IPT coil design methodology, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{1,op}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{2,op}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for maximum power efficiency, and input DC voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{dc}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the target load power can be found by the proposed coil design procedure. The 40W prototypes of the two symmetry and asymmetry IPT coils for laptop wireless charging were fabricated, and verified by simulation and experiments. To separately verify the core and copper loss of the IPT coils, a resistance model and Steinmetz equation-based methods were comparatively evaluated, and it was found that they matched well at a core temperature condition of below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$40^{\mathrm {o}}\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results showed that the total weight and the thickness of the Tx and Rx coils as well as the maximum power efficiencies of 95.1% and 96.8% for the symmetry and asymmetry cases were obtained by the proposed IPT coil design procedure, which becomes a practical solution for the laptop wireless charging coil design.