Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Reactive Routing Protocols in VANET

In the design of an intelligent transport system, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) plays an important role, so it is considered an emerging research area. The major research area in VANET is routing. The most challenging thing is to find the appropriate routing protocols for a specified type of transmission and the continuously varying topologies, and which routing performances are more stable and consistent. A comparative study and analysis of the reactive routing protocols, Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) is presented here. Based on more than one performance metric like the end to end delay, throughput, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and Overhead transmission (OH), the two reactive protocol’s are compared to choose the best route in a VANET. In different scenarios, one protocol performs out the other; DSR is in the upper hand from a consolidated evaluation. It is concluded that the most preferred protocol is DSR because DSR is more consistent and stable than AODV.
Smart Bot and E-commerce Approach based on Internet of Things and Block-chain Technology

The upsurge of the population with an associate exponential ratemakes feeding everyone an enormous concern for the agricultural sector. One little-explored business that the web of things has the potential to revolutionize utterly is agriculture. From farmer to logistics and client, the Block-chain And the Internet of Things (IoT) and is revising the food manufacturing industry. With the unfolding of IoT and Block-chain, it is become important to ensure food safety for everybody brings confidence and transparency within the food chain. In this paper, we are designing an IoT-based Farm robot and Block-chain-based mobile application by shrinking environmental footprint, escalating client contentment, improving transparency throughout the provision chain, and promising genuine financial gain to the farmer are some key highlights. The crop monitor application alerts the farmer in case of unfavorable conditions to take appropriate actions. There is also a route created for mutual interaction between the farmers, logistics, and consumers through the Smart Agritech application for increased transparency. It allows the customer order for his items which will be notified via mail and then the logistics team does the job of transportation which can be traced. The outcome of this project is to ensure the best quality crop production because of real-time monitoring. The mobile application is a direct platform for e-commerce between farmers and customers without the involvement of middlemen. Easy supply chain traceability also ensures a fairer transaction. The farmer is provided with respect, income, and involvement in mainstream agronomics.
Millimeter-Wave SPDT Switch MMICs With Travelling Wave Concept

This paper describes the design of a D-band wide-band SPDT switch using 60nm GaN HEMT technology. The broadband characteristic has been realized by using the parasitic capacitance of the off-state HEMTs to form an artificial transmission line. The equivalent circuits of the on and off state HEMTs are developed and the design parameters of the traveling-wave switch have been calculated. The simulation results demonstrate that the insertion loss is less than 7dB, minimum Isolation on off state is 20dB over 130∼150GHz, the chip size is $1.5\text{mm}^{\ast}1.5\text{mm}$.
SPECTROSCOPY OF SIMPLE MOLECULES

In recent years, many college and university instructors have introduced new experiments to revitalize the general chemistry curriculum and attract and retain students in the sciences. In particular, laboratory experiments using modern instrumentatal techniques, normally reserved for upper-level students, are becoming more widely adopted in the first-year course because modern instrumentation can be used to demonstrate theoretical concepts taught in the lecture. Many of these laboratory exercises involve spectroscopy, which is ubiquitous in all fields of chemistry. We describe here a spectroscopy experiment developed at Providence College in which students utilize IR and NMR spectroscopy to identify the structures of three unknowns from a list of 15 carefully chosen simple organic molecules. In taking IR and NMR spectra, students learn to use state-of-the-art instrumentation that is used by practicing chemists. The unknown determination provides a framework upon which students can practice their deductive.
QoS Sensitive Routing Algorithm with Link Quality Prediction in SDN-based Ad Hoc Networks

The mobility of the nodes may cause route failures frequently in the SDN-based ad hoc networks. Routes interruption causes the Quality of Service (QoS) of the users can’t be satisfied, as well as leading the performance of the wireless mobile network to degrade. In this paper, a QoS sensitive routing algorithm with link quality prediction in SDN-based ad hoc network (QSRLQP) is proposed. The algorithm includes two parts, which is link quality prediction based on XGBoost (LQPXGB) and routes generation based on minimum cost tree (RGMCT). LQPXGB uses the interior point method to optimize the leaf node score of each decision tree to further predict the link quality. RGMCT uses the minimum cost tree method to get the best route, which can achieve the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) with guaranteed delay. The simulation results show that, compared with existing routing algorithm, QSRLQP achieves a significant performance improvement in terms of PDR, throughput and end-to-end delay.
Analyzing Backscattering Coefficient Using Monostatic scatterometer for Distinct Surfaces with HH polarization

Scatterometer are active microwave instruments which send electromagnetic pulses to the earth's surface and measure the dispersed signal back in its direction. This paper presents the design of monostatic radar in the frequency of 6GHz where the horn antenna is operating over the frequency range of 4-8GHz and to analyze the behavior of backscattering coefficient (σ0) for different roughness and moisture conditions at incidence angles (0) from 20o to 70o in a step of 5o each. This Antenna gives frequency range with unrealizable during a one device. Two antennas are mounted one upon the other in same or different polarizations. σ0 with respect to different 0 for different roughness and moisture conditions for the case of mono static scatterometer is analyzed with HH polarized antennas. A monostatic scatterometer, consisting of a transmitter and receiver kept one on the other, was developed indigenously for this purpose. Complete setup is designed with a movement wheel and also to alter incidence angle of the antennas. In areas such as the dielectric behavior of medium ruggedness moisture content texture the subsurface tends to shift. Changes in roughness and moisture how it effects the backscattering signal behavior is investigated.
Mental and Physical Health Management System Using ML, Computer Vision and IoT Sensor Network

Previously, healthcare management systems were particularly focused on physical health and disregarded the mental health. With technology that encompass all spheres of life, the benefits of technology in healthcare remain unfathomable. A person’s emotion, body temperature and heart rate can provide insightful information on both mind and body. This paper demonstrates a complete healthcare management system that considers both physical as well as mental health. IoT sensor network and Arduino UNO is used to collect a person’s body temperature and heart rate and simultaneously stored in a database. The paper also includes an emotion recognition unit that is built using the MiniXception convolutional neural network architecture to keep a track of the person’s emotion. A natural language processing chatbot has been employed to enable a virtual doctor for the user and help the user to provide a preliminary diagnosis. Furthermore, the tools like HTMI5 and CSS have been employed to build the user interface. The data obtained is then stored using MySQL database service. The results of this implementation indicates that the proposed system can reduce the workload for doctors, to be more aware of their physical and mental health and lastly the proposed methodology will make healthcare to be more accessible.
Hedgehog: Understandable Scheduler-Free Heterogeneous Asynchronous Multithreaded Data-Flow Graphs

Getting performance on high-end heterogeneous nodes is challenging. This is due to the large semantic gap between a computation's specification-possibly mathematical formulas or an abstract sequential algorithm-and its parallel implementation; this gap obscures the program's parallel structures and how it gains or loses performance. We present Hedgehog, a library aimed at coarse-grain parallelism. It explicitly embeds a dataflow graph in a program and uses this graph at runtime to drive the program's execution so it takes advantage of hardware parallelism (multicore CPUs and multiple accelerators). Hedgehog has asynchronicity built in. It statically binds individual threads to graph nodes, which are ready to fire when any of their inputs are available. This allows Hedgehog to avoid using a global scheduler and the loss of performance associated with global synchronizations and managing of thread pools. Hedgehog provides a separation of concerns and distinguishes between compute and state maintenance tasks. Its API reflects this separation and allows a developer to gain a better understanding of performance when executing the graph. Hedgehog is implemented as a C++ 17 headers-only library. One feature of the framework is its low overhead; it transfers control of data between two nodes in ≈ 1 µs. This low overhead combines with Hedgehog's API to provide essentially cost-free profiling of the graph, thereby enabling experimentation for performance, which enhances a developer's insight into a program's performance. Hedgehog's asynchronous data-flow graph supports a data streaming programming model both within and between graphs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by highlighting the performance of streaming implementations of two numerical linear algebra routines, which are comparable to existing libraries: matrix multiplication achieves >95 % of the theoretical peak of 4 GPUs; LU decomposition with partial pivoting starts streaming partial final result blocks 40 5 earlier than waiting for the full result. The relative ease and understandability of obtaining performance with Hedgehog promises to enable non-specialists to target performance on high-end single nodes.
A Testability Enhancement Method for the Memristor Ratioed Logic Circuits

The Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is a two-terminal variable resistance device, and the memristor ratioed logic (MRL) is a hybrid RRAM-CMOS style of logic circuit. The MRL AND and OR gates are implemented by the RRAM devices, and the MRL NOT gate is implemented by the CMOS inverter. However, the MRL circuits are prone to test escape. This work proposes a method to improve the testability of MRL circuits by replacing the CMOS inverters with the FinFET inverters. The test escape problem is solved by adjusting the switching threshold voltages of the FinFET inverters, and it is implemented by selecting the FinFET inverters in different operation modes. In Addition, some equivalent relationships in the fault set of the improved MRL gates are discovered. These fault equivalences of MRL gates result in a fault collapse ratio of about 50%. The test patterns for the production test of the improved MRL circuits can be generated by the traditional ATPG method. The test results of some typical MRL circuits obtained from the commercial ATPG tool show that the proposed method is able to achieve 100% fault coverage and at least 55% fault collapse ratio.
Implementation and Enhancement of Set-Based Guidance by Velocity Obstacle along with LiDAR for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

In hazardous conditions, the use of an autonomous unmanned surface vessel (USV) may be a solution to an obstacle avoidance problem with minimal human intervention but maximal efficiency. This article describes a method of utilizing Velocity Obstacle algorithm to enhance collision-free paths of Set-Based Guidance (SBG) for USV equipped with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) for detecting obstacles. Additionally, we also propose a novel trapezium path with three waypoints instead of a single waypoint as conventional SBG. Moreover, we build a hardware architecture for USV to realize the obstacle avoidance algorithm in pratice. To verify safety, efficacy, and pragmatics, simulations are conducted in situations of static obstacles with different shapes and moving ship in three typical collision scenarios: head-on, overtaking, and crossing. Finally, experiments with a real static are carried out and experimental results prove that the advanced SBG is able to guide USV to avoid collision autimatically.
CMFog: Proactive Content Migration Using Markov Chain and MADM in Fog Computing

The popularization of mobile devices has led to the emergence of new demands that the centralized infrastructure of the Cloud has not been able to meet. In this scenario Fog Computing emerges, which migrates part of the computational resources to the edge and offers low latency access to devices connected to the network. Nowadays, many applications have a high level of interactivity and are highly sensitive to latency, thus requiring strategies that allow data migration to follow users' mobility and ensure the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. In this context, CMFog (Content Migration Fog) is proposed, a proactive migration strategy for virtual machines in the Fog that uses the MADM (Multiple Attribute Decision Making) approach to decide when and where the virtual machine should be migrated. The Markov Chain method is used to predict mobility and to allow migration decisions to be made proactively. The achieved results with CMFog demonstrate a reduction up to 50% in the average latency when compared with the reactive approach used as baseline.
Versatile Video Coding – Algorithms and Specification

The tutorial provides an overview on the latest emerging video coding standard VVC (Versatile Video Coding) to be jointly published by ITU-T and ISO/IEC. It has been developed by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), consisting of ITU-T Study Group 16 Question 6 (known as VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (known as MPEG). VVC has been designed to achieve significantly improved compression capability compared to previous standards such as HEVC, and at the same time to be highly versatile for effective use in a broadened range of applications. Some key application areas for the use of VVC particularly include ultra-high-definition video (e.g. 4K or 8K resolution), video with a high dynamic range and wide colour gamut (e.g., with transfer characteristics specified in Rec. ITU-R BT.2100), and video for immersive media applications such as 360° omnidirectional video, in addition to the applications that have commonly been addressed by prior video coding standards. Important design criteria for VVC have been low computational complexity on the decoder side and friendliness for parallelization on various algorithmic levels. VVC is planned to be finalized by July 2020 and is expected to enter the market very soon.The tutorial details the video layer coding tools specified in VVC and develops the concepts behind the selected design choices. While many tools or variants thereof have been available before, the VVC design reveals many improvements compared to previous standards which result in compression gain and implementation friendliness. Furthermore, new tools such as the Adaptive Loop Filter, or Matrix-based Intra Prediction have been adopted which contribute significantly to the overall performance. The high-level syntax of VVC has been re-designed compared to previous standards such as HEVC, in order to enable dynamic sub-picture access as well as major scalability features already in version 1 of the specification.
Construction and Photoluminescence of Monophase Hybrid Materials Derived from a Urea-Based Bis-Silylated Bipyridine

A urea-based bis-silylated bipyridine ligand derived from 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine has been prepared. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials with a high loading of lanthanide 2,2-bipyridine moieties were obtained by using the silylated bipyridine as the only siloxane network precursor in the presence of lanthanide ions (or lanthanide complexes). The in-situ formation of lanthanide complexes from lanthanide ions and the silylated bipyridine during the sol-gel processing was confirmed by the luminescence behavior of the obtained hybrid materials and that of the corresponding pure lanthanide complex [Ln(bpy)(2)Cl-3 center dot 2H(2)O].
Two-Stage Converter for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting using Buck Configuration

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is considered a feasible solution for small scale energy harvesting, although it requires rectification. , maximum power extraction, and output voltage regulation. For this purpose, several electronic circuits are used in literature, these being chosen depending on the application. In this paper, we simulate a piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit, using a two-stage converter based on a diode bridge rectifier and a buck configuration. The simulation is optimized for the SMD10T2Rlll WL piezoelectric transducer, whose SPICE model was developed in our previous work.
Mathematical Modeling of Transient Processes of a Three-pulse System of Automatic Control of Water Supply to the Steam Generator When the Load Changes

The paper analyzes an operation of the typical three-impulse automatic control system (ACS) of the steam generator water supply. A mathematical model has been developed to test its operability for load shedding, allowing you to set maximum deviations of the water level without full-scale tests, without adjusting the operation settings technological protections by the level of water in the drum. Reasons identified static regulation errors when working out internal and external disturbances in the flow rate of superheated steam in a typical ACS. The relevance of modernization of a typical ACS power supply to the steam generator water. Altogether, under all influences, a significant improvement in the quality of regulation was obtained compared to a typical three-impulse automatic power control system. The relevance of modernization of a typical system of automatic control of water supply of a steam generator to eliminate static regulation errors in a wide range of changes loads.
A Novel Practical Robust Control Inheriting PID for SCARA Robot

In this paper, we propose a novel practical robust control algorithm for the Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA) robot and verify the effectiveness through experiments. The dynamic model of the SCARA robot is established considering uncertainties, which include the nonlinear friction, parameter uncertainty, and external disturbance. To restrain the reversal chattering, we apply a modified Stribeck friction model with Gaussian compensation term as the friction description. The algorithm is composed of a proportional-derivative (PD) feedback term based on the model and a robust term. The formation of the robust part comprises the upper bound of the uncertainty. The Lyapunov minimax method is adopted to prove that the system is uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded, thus guaranteeing the practical stability of the system. Moreover, rapid controller prototyping cSPACE, as the experimental platform, can eliminate the tedious programming work and provide a great convenience for the experiments. The experimental results indicate that the robust control algorithm has good performance, which provides accurate trajectory tracking under the influence of uncertainties.
Spatial-Temporal Gaussian Visit Model for Mobile Crowd Sensing

Currently, mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a promising solution for urban information collection. Generally, whether the participants can arrive at the specific location in time is the foundation of recruitment; hence exploring spatial-temporal restrictions according to their mobility are essential in MCS. However, the evaluation of spatial-temporal fitness between participants and sensing tasks is quite challenging due to laborious granularity control. To this end, we first propose a spatial-temporal Gaussian model to characterize visiting distribution in this paper. Specifically, the spatial and temporal boundaries can be expressed through the probability with two Gaussian random variables, which do not need to define the granularity in advance. Accordingly, to describe the participant's daily visiting behavior, the proposed model can be extended to a mixed spatial-temporal Gaussian formation. Particularly, in order to extract the participant's daily visiting behavior efficiently, a two-step clustering method is developed for analyzing the historical trajectory. Finally, the tasks can be assigned to participants intelligently without disturbing their behavior patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed spatial-temporal Gaussian visit model can well adapt to MCS tasks with different spatial and temporal granularities.
A Chip-Level Verification Method for Programmable Vision Chip Based on Deep Learning Algorithms

The past five years has witnessed tremendous success of deep learning (DL) algorithm in the computer vision field, attributing to its high degree of accuracy on numerous visual tasks. Unfortunately, for the development of programmable vision chips, algorithm verification remains a major challenge due to the high computational complexity of the DL neural network. In this paper, we propose a novel chip-level verification method to address the common issues including low efficiency and poor reusability in verifying vision chips. In contrast to the block-level verification technique, this method focuses on the rapid implementation of the complete DL algorithm in chip-level verification, fulfilling the advanced demands of vision chip prior to the tape-out. The experiments on MobileNet-v1 indicates the significant reduction of the simulation time and debugging overheads via the proposed verification method.
X-ray induced optical reflectivity

The change in optical reflectivity induced by intense x-ray pulses can now be used to study ultrafast many body responses in solids in the femtosecond time domain. X-ray absorption creates photoelectrons and core level holes subsequently filled by Auger or fluorescence processes, and these excitations ultimately add conduction and valence band carriers that perturb optical reflectivity. Optical absorption associated with band filling and band gap narrowing is shown to explain the basic features found in recent measurements on an insulator (silicon nitride, Si3N4), a semiconductor (gallium arsenide, GaAs), and a metal (gold, Au), obtained with ∼100 fs x-ray pulses at 500-2000 eV and probed with 800 nm laser pulses. In particular GaAs exhibits an abrupt drop in reflectivity, persisting only for a time comparable to the x-ray excitation pulse duration, consistent with prompt band gap narrowing.