Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Biotic and abiotic stresses exert a considerable influence on the growth and reproduction of plants. Temperature, pH, light, water and various chemical pollutants are the important abiotic stresses which directly affect the survival, growth, reproduction and geographical distribution of all plants. The present study aims to determine the stress related changes of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. under different habitats. A. lanata is an important herb which is widely used for different therapeutic practices. It comes under the family Amaranthaceae. The physiological and biochemical analysis were conducted on the samples from polluted (road side and sides of polluted water body) and nonpolluted habitats. The analysis showed remarkable variation among the samples of polluted and non-polluted plants. The results showed that A. lanata of non-polluted habitats were unstressed which was confirmed by the least amount of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and high amount of photosynthetic pigments. Heavy metal quantification also showed low amount of heavy metals (Zinc, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel) in samples from nonpolluted areas when compared to polluted area, where the quantity of heavy metals is high. The present study revealed remarkable biochemical changes in the plants which were grown under polluted and non-polluted habitats. Moreover, this study also indicated the accumulation of heavy metals in various parts of A. lanata collected from polluted habitats when compared to samples collected from non-polluted habitats. Thus while collecting A. lanata for medicinal purposes, the polluted habitats should be avoided. This study is also very important for researchers who investigate the changes of plants under different stress factors.
Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.
REVISION 1 1 Intra-eruptive trachyte-phonolite transition : natural evidences and 2 experimental constraints on the role of crystal mushes 3 4

16 The generation of silica undersaturated phonolite from silica saturated trachytes is 17 uncommon, as it implies the crossing of the thermal barrier and critical plane of silica 18 undersaturation. Nevertheless, a co-genetic suite displaying compositional transition from 19 benmoreite-trachyte to phonolite has been observed within the Al Shaatha pyroclastic 20 sequence in the Harrat Rahat Volcanic Field (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). We performed 21 crystallization experiments on benmoreite and trachyte starting compositions in order to 22 simulate the pressure-temperature-volatile conditions that generated the observed liquid line 23 of descent. The experimental conditions were 200-500 MPa, 850-1,150 °C, 0-10 wt. % H2O, 24 0.0-0.5 wt. % CO2 and NNO+2 oxygen buffer. The experimental mineral assemblage consists 25 of clinopyroxene, feldspar and titanomagnetite, as well as glass in variable proportions. The 26 degree of crystallinity of hydrous runs is lower than that of anhydrous ones at analogous 27 pressure and temperature conditions. Clinopyroxene crystallizes with compositions diopside28 augite and augite-hedenbergite, respectively at 500 MPa and 200 MPa. The saturation of 29 feldspar is primarily controlled by temperature and volatile content, with the more potassic 30 composition equilibrating at low temperature (850-900 °C) and anhydrous (for benmoreite) 31 or hydrous (for trachyte) conditions. At low pressure (200 MPa), temperatures below 850 °C 32 and anhydrous conditions, the degree of crystallization is extremely high (>90%) and the 33 residual glass obtained from trachyte experiments is characterized by peralkaline and sodic 34 affinity. This finding is consistent with natural eruptive products containing interstitial 35 phonolitic glass within an anorthoclase framework. The shift from trachyte to phonolite is 36 therefore interpreted as the result of open system interaction between trachytic magma and 37 intercumulus phonolitic melt, as well as of dissolution of anorthoclase from a crystal mush. 38 39
Experimental evidence of pseudogap and its emergence

Energy gap is necessary in superconductor phase transition, as physicists widely agree with. Unconventional superconductors, especially cuprates, among other novel properties, has been believed to exist a so-called pseudogap state, where only wave vectors oriented in copper oxide bond are allowed, within a temperature range, while higher than Tc. Experiments on underdoped superconductors such as BSCCO reveal its close relationship with preformed Cooper pairs. The recently observed pair density wave is possible to correspond with its spatial distribution. However, the origin of pseudogap is still under debate. Here we mainly present a review of the experiment evidence. We will also briefly introduce several theoretical progress on its emergence.
The distribution of tetravalent network glasses

A model tetravalent network fluid, crystal and many glasses are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. 171 glasses were made by compressing the fluid with five orders of magnitude variation in the quench rate. The pressure and entropy of each glass are expressed as functions of a single variable, the quench rate dependent limiting density, z 0 of the rigidly jammed state where the pressure diverges. The number of possible glasses with limiting density z0 is approximated by a Gaussian distribution N g(z 0)dz0 = exp{1·2N}exp(-123N(Δz 0)2}dz0, where Δz 0 = z 0 −0·766 and N is the number of molecules. That distribution implies that In {N g(z 0)}/N → 0 as z 0 → 0·864, which suggests that an ideal glass transition would occur to a glass with z 0 = 0·864 with slow compression rates, if the fluid did not freeze. We show that the free energy and pressure of the dense fluid can be simply expressed in terms of the properties of the glasses.
A Roadmap to achieve an effective Data-Based Approach Relations between Organizational and Industry Characteristics and Resistance to Change

ESD-SIC, a company in the heavy chemical industry, is forced by shareholders to change their way of working. The focus needs to change from “getting the job done” towards “doing things right”. A data-based approach (DBA) was implemented by ESD-SIC, which includes measuring processes and making decisions based on measured data. Managers within ESD-SIC experience resistance towards the DBA, and wants to know how to effectuate change management to achieve an effective data-based approach. Post and Altman (1994) indicate that every change has to deal with two types of barriers; respectively industry and organizational barriers. The two types of barriers were identified for ESD-SIC based on the heavy chemical industry characteristics (HCIC) and the organizational characteristics of ES-SIC. The HCIC and the organizational characteristics were linked to sources of resistance to change, which should represent the industry and organizational barriers. Three sources were used, namely two groups of experts outside ESD-SIC and a group of experts inside ESD-SIC. With a Spearmans Rank correlation test and a Kruskal Wallis (Jamieson, 2004) was determined that there are relations between certain characteristics and SRC categories. An ordinal and nominal regression analyses did not provide any statistical significant regressions. Based on the results ESD-SIC should focus on clearly communicating their strategic priorities.
THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND TRAFFIC FLOW TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ROAD CORRIDORS USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING, A CASE STUDY OF MANADO-BITUNG, INDONESIA

This paper presents the results of a study of roads performance which is influenced by existing traffic flow and land use along the roads corridors. A model approach to know the influence of traffic flow and land use on the performance of the corridors of Manado-Bitung in Indonesia, is using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study showed that the performance of the corridor of the road Manado-Bitung Model with the approach of SEM is the model fit based on the criteria of Goodness of Fit (GoF). Aspect of traffic flow and land use provide the greatest impact on the performance of the corridor roads of Manado-Bitung with value of 0.591 and 0.400 respectively. Meanwhile, the transportation system and transportation users did not give any direct impact to the performance of the corridor. On the other hand, transportation system gave the direct impact to transportation users (0.657), the land use give direct impact to the traffic flow (0.644) and the transportation users in fact gave direct impact to the traffic flow (0.181).
Sanal & Guler: Evaluation of Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Composites for Amalgam Repair

Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-adhesive composites in amalgam repair as time-saving alternatives to universal bonding-universal composite materials, with or without the usage of Alloy Primer in terms of shear bond strength. Materials and Methods: Fortytwo disc-shaped amalgam samples were prepared by condensing into 6×2 mm holes in acrylic resin blocks, sandblasted with 50 μm Al2O3 and randomly divided into 6 groups according to repair material [Constic (Group C), Fusio Liquid Dentin (Group FLD), Universal bonding+Universal composite (Group Control), Alloy Primer+Constic (Group APC), Alloy Primer+Fusio Liquid Dentin (Group APFLD), Alloy Primer+Universal bonding+Universal composite (Group APControl)]. After shear bond strength test, the fracture modes were determined under a digital microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The highest shear bond strength values were obtained for Fusio Liquid Dentin, among the three repair materials when Alloy Primer was not applied (p<0.05). Usage of Alloy Primer increased shear bond strength values of the investigated repair materials to amalgam, except Fusio Liquid Dentin. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present research, it can be concluded that; the investigated self-adhesive composite materials could be time-saving alternatives to the Universal bonding+Universal composite for the purpose of amalgam repair, in terms of shear bond strength. The clinicians could prefer Fusio Liquid Dentin self-adhesive composite material without Alloy Primer application for the purpose of amalgam repair in non-cooperative patients. ODOVTOS-International Journal of Dental Sciences ODOVTOS-Int. J. Dent. Sc. | No.22-3: 135-144, 2020 I SSN: 2215-3411. 136
Distribution and breeding of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in North Macedonia in 2015 and 2016

The national White Stork census was conducted as part of the International Stork Census in an attempt to close the gap of 57 years since the last national census and establish a new basis for further conservation action. Total of 837 breeding pairs (HPa) were recorded during 2015/2016. Most of the pairs (534) bred in 45 colonies with 5 of more pairs. Five colonies with more than 20 pairs were found, along with 17 colonies of 11-20 pairs and 19 breeding colonies of 5-10 pairs. The total surface-based population density was 3.26 pairs/100 km2. The average biological density was 27.59 HPa/100 km2, but it varies widely at a regional level, with Tikveš region having the highest density of 106.7 pairs/100km2 and Maleš region having the lowest of 4 pairs/100 km2. Most of the nests (62.4%) were placed on overhead transmission pylons, followed by buildings (36.8%). Only 0.6% of the nests were placed in trees, and nesting on hay bales and stacks was completely absent. The number of pairs with fledged juveniles (HPm) was minimum of 717 for 2015 and 2016 combined. The breeding success (JZa) in 2015 was 2.78 ± 1.18 and the fledgling rate (JZm) was 2.97 ± 0.96. There were possibly significant differences in the breeding parameters among some
N and K nutrition levels affect growth and essential oil content of costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.)

Vegetative growth and essential oil content of costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) were evaluated in response to N and K. Experimental treatments included different concentrations of N (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L -1 ) and K (100 and 200 mg L -1 ) based on the modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Results showed that fresh and dry weight of plants increased by increasing N concentration up to 200 mg L -1 in the nutrient solution. The highest leaf number was observed in 200 mg L-1 N. Chlorophyll content of leaves increased significantly by adding nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution up to 400 mg L -1 . However, K concentration had no effect on the chlorophyll content. N and K treatment combinations in the solution affected growth characteristics and essential oil content of costmary, so that the highest essential oil content (0.54%) and yield (11 ml m -2 ) were obtained in N200K200 treatment. Essential oil content in N 200 K 200 treatment was 8% higher than that of N 400 K 100 treatment. Moreover, essential oil yield in N 200 K 200 treatment was 35% higher than that of N 100 K 100 treatment. N and K treatment combinations influenced fresh and dry weight of leaves (medicinal material), and the greatest amount was recorded in N 200 K 200 , which had the highest leaf area as well. The total net photosynthesis was affected by treatments, and the highest data was recorded in N 200 K 100 treatment. Different concentrations of N and K influenced height of the plants, the greatest height being observed in N 200 K 200 treatment. It can be concluded that different concentrations of N and K have remarkable effects on the growth and essential oil content of costmary.
Clinical Significance of Anti-U1 Ribonucleoprotein Antibody in Anti-Topoisomerase I Antibody-Positive Systemic Sclerosis Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study

Coexistence of anti-topoisomerase (topo) I antibody (Ab) and anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Ab is occasionally observed among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). To clarify the clinical significance of anti-U1 RNP Ab in patients with anti-topo I Ab-positive SSc, we conducted a retrospective review of SSc patients initially arrived at our clinic since April 2011 until March 2020. Serum levels of anti-topo I Ab were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and anti-topo I Ab-positive patients were recruited into the study. Serum anti-U1 RNP Ab positivity was explored by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. In total, 92 patients were enrolled into our study. Of these, 11 cases were anti-U1 RNP Ab-positive (anti-U1RNP+) and 81 patients were anti-U1 RNP Ab-negative (anti-U1RNP-). Age of SSc onset was significantly lower in anti-U1RNP+ group than in anti-U1RNP- group (median [25-75th percentiles], 26.8 [20.3-39.6] vs 45.1 [31.5-56.8] years, P < 0.01). Additionally, serum levels of anti-topo I Ab were significantly higher among anti-U1RNP+ patients compared to the others (166 [124-195] vs 135 [104-174] U/mL, P < 0.05). Moreover, concurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren’s syndrome was more common in anti-U1RNP+ group than in anti-U1RNP- group (45.5% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001; 54.5% vs 12.3%, P < 0.01). In conclusion, anti-U1 RNP Ab is associated with early disease onset, reduced vital capacity of the lung, and concurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren’s syndrome among SSc patients with anti-topo I Ab.
Why do we need to Introduce Temporal Behavior in Both Modern Science and Modern Computing, with an Outlook to Researching Modern Effects/Materials and Technologies

Classic science seemed to be completed more than a century ago, facing only a few (but growing number of! ) unexplained issues. Introducing time-dependence into classic science explained those issues, and its consequent use led to the birth of a series of modern sciences, including relativistic and quantum physics. Classic computing is based on the paradigm proposed by von Neumann for vacuum tubes only, which seems to be completed in the same sense. Von Neumann warned, however, that implementing computers under more advanced technological conditions, using the paradigm without considering the transfer time (and especially attempting to imitate neural operation), would be unsound. However, classic computing science persists in neglecting the transfer time and is facing a few (but growing number of! ) unexplained issues, and its development stalled in most of its fields. Introducing time-dependence into the classic computing science explains those issues and discovers the reasons for its experienced stalling. It can lead to a revolution in computing, resulting in a modern computing science, in the same way, as it resulted in modern science's birth.
During vertebrate embryogenesis, the neuroectoderm differentiates into neural tissues and also into non-neural tissues such as the choroid plexus in the brain and the retinal pigment epithelium in the eye. The molecular mechanisms that pattern neural and non-neural tissues

During vertebrate embryogenesis, the neuroectoderm gives rise to a variety of neural and non-neural tissues in the central nervous system (CNS). Examples of non-neural tissues derived from the neuroectoderm include the choroid plexus in the brain and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eye. Very little is known about how the neuroectoderm is specified to become either neural or non-neural tissue and how boundaries between these tissues are determined. The vertebrate retina provides a model system to study these processes. During vertebrate development, the optic vesicle grows out from the diencephalon. As the optic vesicle contacts the surface ectoderm, it starts to invaginate to form the optic cup (Barnstable, 1991). The inner layer of the optic cup becomes the neural retina and the outer layer becomes the non-neural RPE. The margin between these two layers gives rise to nonneural iris and ciliary epithelia. Early explant and transplant studies have demonstrated that the optic vesicle neuroepithelium is capable of becoming either neural retina or RPE, depending on its environment (Stone and Steinitz, 1957; Stroeva, 1960; Coulombre and Coulombre, 1965; Stroeva and Mitashov, 1983). It has been postulated that the neural retina and RPE cell fates are influenced by signals from the surface ectoderm and periocular mesenchyme, respectively (Coulombre and Coulombre, 1965; Pittack et al., 1997; Nguyen and Arnheiter, 2000). However, the relevant signaling molecules remain unknown. Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family can contribute to neural induction during vertebrate development (Tanabe and Jessell, 1996). FGF signaling induces posterior neural tissue from gastrula stage ectoderm in Xenopus (Tannahill et al., 1992; Slack and Isaacs, 1994; Lamb and Harland, 1995; Cox and Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Launay et al., 1996; Holowacz and Sokol, 1999) and in chick (Storey et al., 1998; Alvarez et al., 1998). Several studies suggest that FGF signaling may also be involved in neural differentiation in the optic vesicle. It has been shown that FGF1 and FGF2 can induce early RPE from chick embryos to become neural etina-like tissue in vivo (Park and Hollenberg, 1989; Park and Hollenberg, 1991; Hyer et al., 1998) and in vitro (Pittack et al., 1991; Guillemot and Cepko, 1992). Early RPE from rat (Zhao t al., 1995; Zhao et al., 1997) or Xenopus(Sakaguchi et al., 1997) embryos can also transdifferentiate to neural retina when stimulated by FGF2. Another member of the FGF family, FGF9, has been shown to be expressed during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma P19 cells (Seo 5051 Development 128, 5051-5060 (2001) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 DEV9771