Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NDS_A_355730 11..20

1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; 2Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; 3National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; 4School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; 5Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania; 6Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
UNDERSTANDING THE USE OF INTERACTION TECHNIQUES CLARITY, COMFORT, CONTEXT, AND CONTROL

A MAJOR CHALLENGE WHEN CREATING LARGE INTERACTIVE DISPLAYS IN A PUBLIC SETTING IS CREATING AND DEFINING THE WAYS FOR USERS TO INTERACT WITH THEM. THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE OUTCOMES OF USER EVALUATION SESSIONS DESIGNED TO TEST A SERIES OF DIFFERENT CROSS-DEVICE NATURAL USER INTERACTION TECHNIQUES FOR PEOPLE TO INTERACT WITH LARGE DISPLAYS IN PUBLIC SETTING. IT IS AN INITIAL STEP TOWARDS THE ENTIRE PERSPECTIVE, THE ESSENCE OF BEING ABLE TO ESTABLISH A NATURAL MEANS FOR IMMERSIVE INTERACTIONS WITH PUBLIC DISPLAYS. THIS PAPER PROPOSES FOUR CROSS-DEVICE NATURAL USER INTERACTION TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSFERRING DATA FROM A MOBILE DEVICE TO A PUBLIC DISPLAY IN A REALISTIC TASK SCENARIO. THIS PAPER REPORTS A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ON PROPOSED INTERACTION TECHNIQUES, LEADING TO MORE IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF CROSS-DEVICE INTERACTION WITH A NATURAL MODALITY BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LARGE PUBLIC DISPLAY. OUR CONTRIBUTION TO HCI IS 4 ASPECTS, CLARITY, COMFORT, CONTEXT, AND CONTROL, THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING INTERACTION TECHNIQUES IN ORDER TO SUPPORT INFORMATION TRANSFER FOR INTERACTIVE PUBLIC DISPLAYS. 2016 AALBORG UNIVERSITY
Sources of surface O3 in the UK: tagging O3 within WRF-Chem

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations depend on a combination of hemispheric, regional, and local-scale processes. Estimates of how much O3 is produced locally vs. transported from further afield are essential in air quality management and regulatory policies. Here, a tagged-ozone mechanism within the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to quantify the contributions to surface O3 in the UK from anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from inside and outside the UK during May–August 2015. The contribution of the different source regions to three regulatory O3 metrics is also examined. It is shown that model simulations predict the concentration and spatial distribution of surface O3 with a domain-wide mean bias of −3.7 ppbv. Anthropogenic NOx emissions from the UK and Europe account for 13 % and 16 %, respectively, of the monthly mean surface O3 in the UK, as the majority (71 %) of O3 originates from the hemispheric background. Hemispheric O3 contributes the most to concentrations in the north and the west of the UK with peaks in May, whereas European and UK contributions are most significant in the east, south-east, and London, i.e. the UK's most populated areas, intensifying towards June and July. Moreover, O3 from European sources is generally transported to the UK rather than produced in situ. It is demonstrated that more stringent emission controls over continental Europe, particularly in western Europe, would be necessary to improve the health-related metric MDA8 O3 above 50 and 60 ppbv. Emission controls over larger areas, such as the Northern Hemisphere, are instead required to lessen the impacts on ecosystems as quantified by the AOT40 metric.
SniP: An Efficient Stack Tracing Framework for Multi-threaded Programs

Usage of the execution stack at run-time captures the dynamic state of programs and can be used to derive useful insights into the program behaviour. The stack usage information can be used to identify and debug performance and security aspects of applications. Binary run-time instrumentation techniques are well known to capture the memory access traces during program execution. Tracing the program in entirety and filtering out stack specific accesses is a commonly used technique for stack related analysis. However, applying vanilla tracing techniques (using tools like Intel Pin) for multi-threaded programs has challenges such as identifying the stack areas to perform efficient run-time tracing. In this paper, we introduce SniP, an open-source stack tracing framework for multi-threaded programs built around Intel's binary instrumentation tool Pin. SniP provides a framework for efficient run-time tracing of stack areas used by multi-threaded applications by identifying the stack areas dynamically. The targeted tracing capability of SniP is demonstrated using a range of multi-threaded applications to show its efficacy in terms of trace size and time to trace. Compared to full program tracing using Pin, SniP achieves up to 75x reduction in terms of trace file size and up to 24x reduction in time to trace. SniP complements existing trace based stack usage analysis tools and we demonstrate that SniP can be easily integrated with the analysis framework through different use-cases.
ISLAMIC BANKING OPERATIONS AND CARROLL’S CSR PYRAMID: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

861 ISLAMIC BANKING OPERATIONS AND CARROLL’S CSR PYRAMID: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Inayat Ullah Iqtidar Hussain Abdul Ghaffar Sagoo Abstract: The corporate social responsible is not new concept in today’s business life. Which have now turned from literary to more strategic and influences the profits of organizations. Islamic finance in itself is also considered as more social than conventional one. It is thought that products offered by Islamic banks comply with the concepts of social responsibility. To find out the fact; this study was initiated by making comparison of widely used Carroll’s CSR pyramid with the basics of Islamic finance. For the purpose, readily available literature was reviewed and concluded that Islamic banking products are in parallel with all five components of Carroll’s CSR pyramid. Islamic banks are acting as development institutes rather than loan houses by eliminating interest from the core banking activities. The concepts of Islamic finance are aimed at equal distribution of wealth and equal opportunities available to poor or suppressed sectors of economy for more productivity; hence resulting in foster economic growth. Like conventional banks (those follow Basel committee rules), Islamic banks also follow rules/guidelines formulated by AAOIFI and IFSB to ensure transparency, trustworthiness and sense of responsibility. In overall operations/progress, Islamic banks are acting as good corporate citizen.
JupySim: Jupyter Notebook Similarity Search System

Computational notebooks such as Jupyter notebooks are popular for machine learning and data analytic tasks. Numerous computational notebooks are available on the Web and reusable; however, searching for computational notebooks manually is a tedious task and so far there are no tools to search for computational notebooks effectively and efficiently. In this paper, we develop JupySim , which is a system for similarity search on Jupyter note-books. In JupySim , users specify contents (codes, tabular data, libraries, and formats of outputs) in Jupyter notebooks as a query, and then retrieve top-𝑘 Jupyter notebooks with the most similar contents to the given query. The characteristic of JupySim is that the queries and Jupyter notebooks are modeled by graphs for capturing the relationships between codes, data, and outputs. JupySim has intuitive user interfaces that the users can specify their targets of Jupyter notebooks easily. Our demonstration scenarios show that JupySim is effective to find Jupyter notebooks shared on Kaggle for data science.
Interactive Learning with Natural Language Feedback

—We seek to enable non-roboticist end-users to teach robots by examining how end-users can provide natural language feedback to the robot. We hypothesized that enabling users to use language to train an agent would be more intuitive as user’s don’t have to translate their intent through another system. We build upon Deep TAMER to allow users to provide feedback through natural language to a learning agent. Our algorithm includes (1) a Transformer based language model to map natural language feedback to scalar reward values and (2) a method to synthetically assign rewards to nearby state-action pairs that were unexplored by the agent. We report our results from a 2x4 mixed-subjects experiment design to evaluate the usability, workload, and trainablitity of our system compared to Deep TAMER on simulated tasks. While the experimenters were able to train an agent on both simulated environments to achieve competitive rewards, we could not show that natural language feedback significantly lowered workload, increase usability, or train better agents than baseline Deep TAMER with human subjects. This work indicates a need for further research into the types of feedback end-users prefer to use to train agents.
UNTIIA Lab at TREC 2021 - Clinical Trial

This paper reports our participation in 2021 TREC Clinical Trial (CT) track based on the ElasticSearch information retrieval platform. We studied diﬀerent query extraction and query expansion methods with both manual and automatic strategies for query construction. Our experiments on the 2016 Clinical Decision Support collection proved the eﬀectiveness of the knowledge base mapping method for both query extraction and expansion. We proposed a novel query construction strategy to balance precision and accuracy: we retrieve clinical trials documents with a complete list of query terms ﬁrst and then decrease the number of query terms used for searching additional documents to improve recall. We also investigated two transformer-based models for reranking: unsupervised and supervised learning. Pairs of query and candidate documents were encoded with the sentence-BERT in the unsupervised reranking model, and then their semantic similarity was compared using a Cross-encoder model. We also took advantage of BERT transformers for the supervised reranking model by ﬁnetuning the model on the ground truth of the 2016 Clinical Decision Support collection and then feeding it into the TFR-BERT model for reranking. Our experiment indicates that the unsupervised transformer reranking model out-performed the supervised learning model and achieved the highest performance
Power fluctuations smoothing and regulations in wind turbine generator systems

Wind is one of the most popular renewable energy sources and it has the potential to become the biggest energy source in future. Since the wind does not always blow constantly, the output wind power is not constant which may make some problem for the power grid. According to the grid code which is set by independent system operator, ISO, wind turbine generator systems need to follow some standards such as the predetermined acceptable power fluctuations. In order to smooth the output powers, the energy storage system and some power electronics modules are employed. The utilized power electronics modules in the wind turbine system can pursue many different goals, such as maintaining the voltage stability, frequency stability, providing the available and predetermined output active and reactive power. On the other side, the energy storage system can help achieving some of these goals but its main job is to store the extra energy when not needed and release the stored energy when needed. The energy storage system can be designed in different sizes, material and also combination of different energy storage systems (hybrid designs). Combination of power electronics devises and also energy storage system helps the wind turbine systems to smooth the output power according to the
Resource-aware design of wireless control systems

This work is motivated by modern monitoring and control infrastructures appearing in smart homes, urban environments, and industrial plants. These systems are characterized by multiple sensor and actuator devices at different physical locations, communicating wirelessly with each other. Desired monitoring and control performance requires efficient wireless communication, as the more information the sensors convey the more precise actuation becomes. However wireless communication is constrained by the inherent uncertainty of the wireless medium as well as resource limitations at the devices, e.g., limited power resources. The increased number of wireless devices in such environments further necessitates the management of the shared wireless spectrum with direct account of control performance. To address these challenges, the goal of this work is to provide control-aware and resource-aware communication policies. This is first examined in the fundamental problem of allocating transmit power resources for wireless closed loop control. Opportunistic online adaptation of power to plant and wireless channel conditions is shown to be essential in achieving the optimal tradeoff between control performance and power utilization. Optimal structural properties of channel access mechanisms are also considered for the problem of guaranteeing multiple control performance requirements over a shared wireless medium. This includes scheduling mechanisms implemented by central authorities, as well as decentralized mechanisms implemented independently by the wireless devices with emerging wireless interferences. Again the mechanisms exhibit an opportunistic adaptation to varying wireless channel conditions, especially designed to explore the tradeoffs between different communication links and meet control performance requirements. The structural characterization is augmented with tractable optimization algorithms to compute these channel access mechanisms. Finally, as control is naturally a dynamic task that requires a long term planning, appropriate dynamic algorithms adapting to the varying control system states are examined. Besides adapting dynamically, the proposed algorithms provide guarantees about long term control performance and resource utilization by construction. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Electrical & Systems Engineering First Advisor George J. Pappas
The effects of neuromuscular fatigue on the complexity of isometric torque output in humans

The temporal structure, or complexity, of torque output is thought to reflect the adaptability of motor control and has important implications for system function, with high values endowing greater adaptability in response to alterations in task demand. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular fatigue on the complexity of isometric muscle torque output. It was hypothesised that neuromuscular fatigue would lead to a reduction in the complexity of muscle torque output, as measured by approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn) and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) ? scaling exponent. The first experimental study (Chapter 4) demonstrated that muscle torque complexity was significantly reduced during both maximal and submaximal intermittent fatiguing contractions, with the values at task failure indicative of increasingly Brownian noise (DFA ? > 1.50). It was subsequently shown in the second study (Chapter 5) that this reduction in complexity occurred exclusively during contractions performed above the critical torque. It was next demonstrated, in the third study (Chapter 6), that pre-existing fatigue significantly reduced torque complexity and time to task failure, but still resulted in consistent values of complexity at task failure regardless of the time taken to reach that point. In the fourth study (Chapter 7) caffeine ingestion was found to slow the rate of reduction in torque complexity with fatigue, seemingly through both central and peripheral mechanisms. Finally, in the fifth study (Chapter 8) eccentric exercise decreased the complexity of torque output, with values only recovering to baseline levels after 24 hours recovery, in comparison to only 10 minutes recovery following isometric exercise. These results demonstrate that torque complexity is significantly perturbed by neuromuscular fatigue. This thesis has thus provided substantial evidence that the complexity of motor control during force production becomes less complex, and that muscles become less adaptable, with neuromuscular fatigue.
Performance management framework appraisal of the United Nations Property Management Unit (PMU): A case of the Department of Field Support (DFS), United Nations Headquarters, New York USA.

Purpose: The United Nations (UN) Property Management Unit (PMU) under the Logistics Support Division (LSD) of the Department of Field Support (DFS), in exercising effective stewardship over United Nations Owned Equipment (UNOE), sought to develop a Property Management Performance Management Framework. The present research was written to assess the current performance of the Property Management Performance Management Framework (PMPMF) and suggest further improvements. The scope of the PMPMF was also envisioned to be expanded to include other services with emphasis on the overall end to end processes of DFS/UN supply chain. Design/Methodology/Approach: Both qualitative and quantitative based approaches were adopted in this study. Several Academic literatures were reviewed to develop a robust performance management framework, TOTS Canvas. KPI categorization under the TOTS Canvas includes: Technological, Operational, Tactical and Strategic (TOTS). Findings: The research provides a novel framework for measuring the overall end to end processes within organizations with special emphasis on supply chain. The research results showed, that 91.2% of the users of the framework agree that the PMPMF has helped their missions to exercise good stewardship over UN assets. Consequently some benchmarking KPIs were identified and deemed as very significant to PMU/LSD/DFS/UNHQ end-to-end Supply Chain. These KPIs were categorized under eight sub-groupings. Other services under LSD were also identified to be included in the expansion of the current PMPMF. Research Limitations/Implications: Future studies can be conducted to validate the TOTS Canvas in different organizational settings.The envisioned end to end processes of the United Nations supply chain is still ongoing, certain Organizational principles might not be applicable in the near future so it will be vital to conduct further researches to validate the results and findings of this present research. Practical Implications: The thesis provides robust practical contribution applicable to mainstream supply chain performance management initiatives. This is achievable by applying the TOTS Canvas offered in this research. Practitioners and researchers who seek to identify an extensive end to end performance management involving several downstream and upstream processes can apply the TOTS Canvas Originality/Value: To the candid knowledge of the researcher, the categorizations of KPIs have not been done in a way reflecting the TOTS Canvas. It’s tested with United Nations Supply Chain and proven relevant to PMU/LSD/DFS PMPMF.
Arousal, subjective significance and the origin of valence aligned words in the processing of an emotional categorisation task

An emotional categorisation task allows us to study how emotionality is understood and how emotional factors influence decisions. As emotionality is not only the valence but is also composed of activation (arousal and subjective significance) and the type of process needed to produce emotion (origin), we wanted to test the influence of these emotional factors on with a group of stimuli not differing in valence. We predicted that increasing activation levels should lead to increased classification of stimuli as emotional, with a focus on the late processing stages, when explicit word processing occurs, which on the electrophysiological level corresponds to P300, N450 and LPC components. The behavioural results showed that the emotionality of words increased with increasing levels of arousal and subjective significance. Automatically originated words were assessed as more emotional than reflective ones. The amplitude of the N450 component revealed dissociation for subjective significance and origin effects, showing that these two dimensions ascribe distinct properties of emotionality. Finally, the LPC component was susceptible to all affective dimensions used in manipulation. Our study showed that arousal, subjective significance and origin are dimensions of affect that shape the processing of words’ emotionality, when the values of valence were aligned among the stimuli.
Genomic heterogeneity underlies multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A population-level analysis beyond susceptibility testing

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a persistent and difficult-to-treat pathogen in many patients, especially those with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Herein, we describe a longitudinal analysis of a series of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates recovered in a 17-month period, from a young female CF patient who underwent double lung transplantation. Our goal was to understand the genetic basis of the observed resistance phenotypes, establish the genomic population diversity, and define the nature of sequence evolution over time. Methods Twenty-two sequential P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained within a 17-month period, before and after a double-lung transplant. At the end of the study period, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing (WGS), phylogenetic analyses and RNAseq were performed in order to understand the genetic basis of the observed resistance phenotypes, establish the genomic population diversity, and define the nature of sequence changes over time. Results The majority of isolates were resistant to almost all tested antibiotics. A phylogenetic reconstruction revealed 3 major clades representing a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous population. The pattern of mutation accumulation and variation of gene expression suggested that a group of closely related strains was present in the patient prior to transplantation and continued to change throughout the course of treatment. A trend toward accumulation of mutations over time was observed. Different mutations in the DNA mismatch repair gene mutL consistent with a hypermutator phenotype were observed in two clades. RNAseq performed on 12 representative isolates revealed substantial differences in the expression of genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence traits. Conclusions The overwhelming current practice in the clinical laboratories setting relies on obtaining a pure culture and reporting the antibiogram from a few isolated colonies to inform therapy decisions. Our analyses revealed significant underlying genomic heterogeneity and unpredictable evolutionary patterns that were independent of prior antibiotic treatment, highlighting the need for comprehensive sampling and population-level analysis when gathering microbiological data in the context of CF P. aeruginosa chronic infection. Our findings challenge the applicability of antimicrobial stewardship programs based on single-isolate resistance profiles for the selection of antibiotic regimens in chronic infections such as CF.