Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dispersal of terrestrial plant litter into a subalpine lake

Terrestrial litterfall (airborne large particulate organic material, LPOM, > 1 mm) was estimated to contribute detritus at the rate of 3.4 g (dry weight) m-2yr-1 to Findley Lake, Washington, U.S.A. Conifer needles emanating from the forest canopy surrounding the lake were the main component of this material. A considerably smaller quantity of LPOM (0.1 g m-2yr'1) was found to enter via intermittent stream inflows. This material is believed to play a role in the detrital energy and nutrient system within this oligotrophic lake.
A Survey on Non-Invasive Measurement of Hemoglobin Using Various Techniques

Anemia is a globally feared health hazard. To reduce the inconveniences due to anemia (hemoglobin) Hb levels needs to be measured. There are number of methods available for assessing Hb value in blood. At present invasive methods are utilized to assess the Hb concentration. For this reason blood was taken and analyzed. The inconvenience of this method is the delay between the blood collection and its examination which does not permit the continuous patient observing in critical situations. This paper discusses the various techniques for measuring haemoglobin noninvasively.
Risks Identification and Mitigation Processes for Using Scrum in Global Software Development: A Conceptual Framework

There is growing interest in applying agile practices in Global Software Development (GSD) projects. But project stakeholder distribution in GSD creates a number of challenges that make it difficult to use some agile practices. Moreover, little is known about what the key challenges or risks are, and how GSD project mangers deal with these risks while using agile practices. We conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following existing guidelines to identify primary papers that discuss the use of Scrum practices in GSD projects. We identify key challenges, due to global project distribution, that restrict the use of Scrum and explore the strategies used by project managers to deal with these challenges. Our findings are consolidated into a conceptual framework and we discuss various elements of this framework. This research is relevant to project managers who are seeking ways to use Scrum in their globally distributed projects.
Evaluation of Performance Enhancement in VANET using OFDM

: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are created by applying the mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) principles. In VANET moving vehicles are used as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. VANET support two types of applications comfort and safety which provides vehicle to roadside and vehicle-to-vehicle communication. These applications are affected by interference in the network. For reducing the interference in such network Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used since it has features like robustness against multipath fading, high data rates, and the conquer the symbol interference. Thus, improves the Signal to Noise ratio in VANET and enhance performance of the VANET.
Optimum Location/Area of PZT Actuators for Flutter Damping Using Norm Feedback Control Gain-Based Iterative Method

In the current investigation; an ad-hoc iterative methodology is proposed to select the optimum location and area of the piezoelectric actuator for damping of panel flutter. The finite element formulation of the equations of motion of the fluttering panel is obtained using the four node Bogner Fox Schmit (BFS) element. The electrical degree of freedom is presented to model piezoelectric actuator and the linear piezoelectricity constitutive relations are used. The von Karman largedeflection strain-displacement relations and the first order shear deformation theory for laminated panels are used. for aerodynamic loading; the quasi steady first-order piston theory is used. The time consumed in solving the system of the derived nonlinear equations is reduced using the modal transformation. The gain factor is obtained using the output feedback controller using a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) full state feedback. A modal participation and optimal number of modes is presented. The optimal size and location of piezoelectric actuators to improve the flutter suppression are obtained using a norm feedback control gain-based iterative method as will be comprehensively discussed in the paper. The results show that the proposed method gives better results than those obtained by the norm of the optimal feedback control gain (NFCG). The PZT size and flutter damping time represent our assessment criteria.
Coin Detection

Counting change is a tedious task. There are currently two widely adopted methods for counting change: (1) to dump your change into a machine that counts it for you at a fee, or (2) to manually count the coins. We believe that this process can be simplified using computer vision. Using a python implementation of opencv and a neural network trained on a hand-collected dataset of coins. Current methods of coin detection require Current methods of coin detection require fixed radii, so the difference in coin size between images cannot vary much. Accuracy is great when pictures are uniform, but parameters must be tweaked between images where the coins are large versus images where the coins are small. In addition, current algorithms are tested against coins placed on similar backgrounds, and internal values are optimized for such backgrounds. These approaches do not successfully detect coins against varied backgrounds. In this paper, we demonstrate methods and techniques to successfully extract coins from an image.
Molecular phylogeny of schizothoracinae fishes in Gansu Province based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences

Totally 1 140bp complete sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 9species in 5genera of Schizothoracinae fishes in Gansu province are amplified and sequenced.For the Cytb gene,the average nucleotide contents of T,C,A and G are 25.9%,30.4%,26.9% and 16.8%respectively.There are 346 variable sites,of which 309are parsimony informative sites.The results show the average Kimura 2-paramatre genetic distances among 9 species from 0.014(between Schizopygopsis pylzovi and Schizopygopsis kialingensis)to 0.226(between Platypharodon extremus and Schizothorax davidi). The molecular phylogenetic tree constructed based on the neighbor-joining(NJ)tree and maximum parsimony(MP)tree show that all individuals divide into three clades,corresponding to the primordial-grade Schizothoracinae species,the specialized-grade Schizothoracinae species and the highly specialized-grade Schizothoracinae species,respectively.It is referred from the molecular evolution rate that the divergence of the 9Schizothoracinae species occurred during the period from the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Evaluation and Miniaturization for Antioxidant Capacity Measurement

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and miniaturize the assays for antioxidant capacity measurement and screen of herb-derived antioxidants.METHODS Based on the studies of ferric reduction ability plasma(FRAP) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assays,miniaturized 96-well FRAP and DPPH assays were developed.The parameters such as sensitivity and specificity of miniaturized assays were evaluated via the measurement of antioxidant capacity of different substances,including endogenous antioxidants(vitamin C,vitamin E,GSH,α-lipoic acid,and β-carotene) and exogenous antioxidants(resveratrol and tea polyphenols). RESULTS 96-well FRAP assay and DPPH assay demonstrated considerable quality of linearity,accuracy,and recovery.Comparing with traditional FRAP assay and DPPH assay,the 96-well assays were markedly convenient,rapid,and small sample consumption,which were proved with our test of trolox,resveratrol and tea polyphenols.Furthermore,the 96-well assay showed excellent sensitivity and specificity towards the antioxidant capacity of vitamin E,vitamin C and resveratrol.CONCLUSION ①The evaluation of antioxidative capacity of chemical substances or biological samples can be significantly benefited by 96-well FRAP assay and DPPH assay. ②Compared to traditional UV assays,96-well FRAP assay and DPPH assay demonstrate comparable quality. ③96-well FRAP assay and DPPH assay show excellent sensitivity and specificity toward endogenous and exogenous antioxidants.
Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic affinities of sea breams of the genus Diplodus (Sparidae)

Phylogenetic analyses, using 482 bp of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and 461 bp of the control region of 16 Diplodus species and Oblada melanura, Pagellus bogaraveo and Pagellus acarne, all close relatives of Diplodus, identified the two representatives of Pagellus as the sister group of Diplodus. Oblada melanura was confirmed as the sister taxon of D. puntazzo, despite its different dental morphology and ecology. Within the genus Diplodus, three clades were identified, the first containing D. annularis and D. bellottii, the second D. vulgaris and D. prayensis, and the third comprising three subclades. These were formed by O. melanura clustering with D. puntazzo, D. fasciatus with D. cervinus, and by the Diplodus sargus sub-species assemblage which also included the West Atlantic taxa D. argenteus, D. bermudensis, D. holbrooki, and the Red Sea endemic D. noct. All members of the D. sargus assemblage were genetically closely related. Among them, D. sargus lineatus from the Cape Verde islands was resolved as most ancestral branch, pointing to the possibility that the diversification and spread of the D. sargus assemblage originated in this region. The hypothesis of stepwise speciation following colonization events within the D. sargus complex is fully supported by phylogenetic reconstruction.
Creating and destroying species: the ‘new’ biodiversity and evolutionarily significant units among New Zealand's galaxiid fishes

Morphological and genetic analyses of populations of two non-diadromous galaxiid species, the black mudfish Neochanna diversus and the dwarf inanga Galaxias gracilis confirm the presence of a cryptic species, Neochanna heleios, within the geographic range of N. diversus, and indicate three distinct evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) in the latter species. Comparisons between G. gracilis and its parent taxon, G. maculatus, reveal that the former is not monophyletic and derives from three separate founding events. Significant morphological divergence between these two species is the result of ontogenic shifts in landlocked lacustrine populations and long-term morphological convergence in populations of G. gracilis. Corresponding incipient changes are recognized in other younger landlocked populations of G. maculatus in New Zealand. These populations and the three groups within G gracilis should be given the status of ESUs and managed accordingly by conservation agencies.
How people make support judgments: Individual differences in the traits used to infer supportiveness in others

Social support and other social judgments are composed of several distinct components, of which relationship effects are an important part. With regard to support judgments, relationship effects refer to the fact that when judging the same targets, people differ systematically in whom they see as supportive. One explanation for this effect is that people differ in how they combine information about targets to judge supportiveness. Participants rated the supportiveness of hypothetical targets and targets from their own social networks. Multilevel modeling identified the traits participants used to make support judgments. There were significant differences in the extent to which participants used different target personality traits to judge supportiveness. In addition, participant neuroticism predicted the extent to which participants used target neuroticism and agreeableness to judge supportiveness.
Advances in the crystal growth of semi-insulating CdZnTe for radiation detector applications

The growth of large-volume semi-insulating CdZnTe single crystals with improved structural perfection has been demonstrated by the electrodynamic gradient (EDG) technique and active control of the Cd partial pressure in the ampoule. The EDG furnace nearly completely eliminates the uncontrolled radiative heat transport commonly encountered in traditional Bridgman systems where the charge and furnace move relative to each other. Since the new furnace utilizes electronically controlled high-precision gradient translation, it achieves superior thermal stability throughout the growth. The control of the Cd partial pressure allowed the solidification and cool-down of the ingots close to the stoichiometric composition. As a result, the formation and incorporation of large-size (/spl ges/1 /spl mu/m diameter) Te inclusions was avoided during crystallization and ingots with high structural perfection were achieved. Adequate electrical compensation has been achieved in most of the crystal growth experiments yielding CdZnTe crystals with bulk electrical resistivity in the 10/sup 9/-10/sup 10/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm range and electron mobility-lifetime product as high as /spl mu//spl tau//sub e/=1.2/spl times/10/sup -3/ cm/sup 2//V. The materials exhibit good spectral performance in the parallel plate detector configuration.
Trends in Phytochemical Research ( TPR )

K E Y W O R D S Herbal cosmeceuticals: New opportunities in cosmetology AISWARYA CHAUDHURI1, MOHD. AQIL1 * AND ABDUL QADIR1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India Received: 18 January 2020 Revised: 08 June 2020 Accepted: 14 July 2020 ePublished: 10 September 2020 Corresponding author: Mohd. Aqil Tel: +9990170293 Fax: +91-11-26059663 E-mail address: maqil@jamiahamdard.ac. in Cosmeceuticals
Isolation and characterisation of enzymatic zearalenone hydrolysis reaction products

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, and it frequently contaminates cereals used for food or animal feed. A ZEA-lactonase of Gliocladium roseum was previously described to hydrolyse ZEA to an unstable intermediate, which spontaneously decarboxylates to non-oestrogenic, decarboxylated hydrolysed ZEA (DHZEN). We expressed a codon-optimised version of the ZEA-lactonase (ZHD101) gene of G. roseum MA 918 with a secretion leader in Pichia pastoris and purified the recombinant enzyme from culture supernatant by His-tag mediated affinity chromatography. After incubation of the enzyme with ZEA, we detected the previously elusive primary reaction product hydrolysed ZEA (HZEN) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, purified it by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and confirmed its postulated structure ((E)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(10-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-undecen-1-yl)benzoic acid) by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Spontaneous decarboxylation to .
Control of Malo-Lactic Fermentation in Wine

Fumaric acid was found to inhibit malo-lactic fermentation in 9Pinot noir9, 9Pinot Chardonnay9 ,and 9Gamay Beaujolais9 wines by Leuconostoc citrovorum , ML-34. It is suggested that fumaric acid used as an acidulant in certain wines may also act as a guarantee against unwanted malo-lactic fermentation. Conversely, wines in which a malo-lactic fermentation is desirable should remain free from added fumaric acid.
On Compactness in Tritopological Spaces

Review Article In this article we are introduce the study of compact spaces in tritopological spaces (compactness in tritopological spaces namely -compact spaces which defined in [1]). And we are define a countable and local -compactness, also show the interrelations between -compactness and countable -compactness, local -compactness, -Hausdorff, -continuity, -homeomorphism, and others. Further the new results about these spaces which are considered as one of the main generalizations of compact spaces.
MULTISCALE MODELING OF IMPACT BEHAVIOR FOR POLYMER COMPOSITES

Asymptotic expansion homogenization is a well proven technique for analyzing the behavior of periodic structures which has been widely being used for fiber reinforced composites. The present paper discusses about multiscale formulation based on asymptotic homogenization method for modeling the inelastic deformations (plasticity and damage) of matrix (epoxy). The multiscale framework using reduced order modeling provides the benefit of reducing the computational cost. Properties of epoxy are determined experimentally and mimicked numerically by using plasticity based material models. Proposed model is then validated with the low velocity impact experiments of E-glass epoxy composite. Proposed model shows the capability of capturing contact force and energy time histories.
Integrated Full-Bridge-Forward DC–DC Converter for a Residential Micro Grid Application

This paper proposes a novel integrated converter topology for interfacing between the energy storage system and the dc bus for a residential micro grid application. The proposed integrated full-bridge-forward dc–dc converter presents the following features: low number of active devices compared to the converters usually applied to similar applications, low input and output current ripple, high voltage ratio, bidirectional power flow, and galvanic isolation. A double-ended forward converter with particularities such as no extra transformer demagnetizing circuit is originated from the integration process. This converter is approached in detail in this paper, including three different clamping circuits which are analyzed and compared. The structure, principle of operation, analysis, transformer design methodology, comparison with the dual active bridge converter, and experimental results of the proposed topology are presented.
Comparison of Compression Algorithms in text data for Data Mining

Text data compression is a process of reducing text size by encrypting it. In our daily lives, we sometimes come to the point where the physical limitations of a text or data sent to work with it need to be addressed more quickly. Ways to create text compression should be adaptive and challenging. Compressing text data without losing the original context is important because it significantly reduces storage and communication costs. In this study, the focus is on different techniques of encoding text files and comparing them in data processing. Some efficient memory encryption programs are analyzed and executed in this work. These include: Shannon Fano coding, Hoffman coding, Hoffman comparative coding, LZW coding and Run-length coding. These analyzes show how these coding techniques work, how much compression for these coding techniques. Writing, the amount of memory required for each technique, a comparison between these techniques is possible to find out which technique is better in which conditions. Experiments have shown that Hoffman's comparative coding shows a higher compression ratio. In addition, the improved RLE encoding suggests a higher performance than the typical example in compressing data in text. Keywords— data compression, data mining, encryption, text data.
Slobodyan ONE SECTOR MODELS , INDETERMINACY , AND PRODUCTIVE PUBLIC SPENDING CERGE

This paper studies the influence of different modelling assumptions on the determinacy of the steady state in one—sector models of economic growth with externalities in the production function. We show that productive public spending subject to congestion, combined with variable capital utilization, can lead to indeterminacy at very low degrees of social increasing returns to scale. We perform a calibration of the model to the tax regimes observed in the USA. We shed some light on the conflicting effects of progressive taxation on the steady state stability reported in the literature. Finally, we extensively discuss the features of the model that lead to an indeterminate rather than an explosive steady state once the saddle—path stability is broken.
Studies on morphological and genetical similarities of Medicago murex and M. doliata to M. scutellata

Lucerne (M. sativa L., 2n = 4x = 32) is susceptible to weevil (Hypera postica Gyll) insect, hence incorporation of desirable gene (s) from M. scutellata (2n = 30) is an important researchable issue. Incompatibility due to incongruous chromosomal arrangements in these two species necessitated the identification of closer species to M. scutellata (possibly progenitors). After screening 197 accessions comprising 50 Medicago species, M. murex (2n = 2x = 14) and M. doliata (2n = 2x = 16) have been identified as morphologically similar having compatible ploidy and genetically closer to M. scutellata as observed with 17 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 8 enzymes based isozyme markers. The identified accessions namely IL-04-223 and IL-04-151 of M. doliata and M. murex respectively showing low levels (< 5%) of weevil infestation can be contemplated with diploid M. sativa (2n = 2x = 16) to generate weevil resistant lines.
A Survey on Wire Free Power Transmission in Biomedical Implants

Wire free transmission technique for the implantable devices is one of the main applications of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT). This paper deals with the techniques used for wireless power transmission in the field of biomedical implanted devices. The power transmission efficiency of resonance inductive method is higher than inductive power transmission method. The four coil system is used in the resonance method, the primary and secondary are independent to the source and load resistances. The health hazards and malfunction due to low power are the major problems in this field.
Prevalence and risk factors of left atrial thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation and lower class (IIa) recommendation to anticoagulants.

Background Oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) prevents ischaemic incidents in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). CHA2DS2-VASc risk score of ≥2 points in men and ≥3 in women is a class I indication for OAT. OAT should also be considered as a prevention of thromboembolism in AF men with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 point and women with 2 points, but the class of recommendation is lower (IIa). This study aims to assess the occurrence of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) and risk factors of its formation in patients with lower class recommendation to oral antiocoagulation treatment. Methods The study group consisted of 1,858 patients: 555 patients with class IIa indication to OAT (IIa group) and 1,303 patients with class I indication as a control group (I group). Patients were admitted to three cardiology departments. All subjects underwent transoesophageal echocardiography. Results The incidence of LAAT was comparable in both IIa and I group: LAAT was confirmed in 30 (5.4%) subjects of IIa group and in 77 (5.9%) of I group. The prevalence of LAAT in IIa group was higher on treatment with VKAs (in comparison to NOACs) (8.4% vs. 3.4%, P=0.010), and lower in case of paroxysmal AF (in comparison to non-paroxysmal AF) (2.4% vs. 9.8%, P=0.0002). Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following variables as the independent predictors of LAAT in IIa group: treatment with VKAs (OR 2.99, 95% CI: 1.33-6.69; P=0.007), paroxysmal AF (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.62; P=0.002) and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR 3.19, 95% CI: 1.42-7.16; P=0.005). Conclusions The prevalence of LAAT in AF patients with lower class (IIa) recommendation to anticoagulants was comparable to higher (I). Treatment with VKAs, along with non-paroxysmal type of AF and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.72 m2 were identified as the strongest predictors of LAAT in IIa group.