Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Effect of Repeated Doses of Oral Activated Charcoal on Salicylate Elimination

The authors investigated the effect of repeated doses of oral activated charcoal on salicylate elimination in six healthy volunteers. On two occasions (phase 1 and phase II; separated by one week) each subject received 1300 mg of aspirin as an aqueous solution. On the second occasion (phase II) each subject also received a total dose of 55 g of aqueous activated charcoal initiated 4 hours after salicylate administration (25 g initial dose, followed by three 10 g doses at two hour intervals). Serum salicylate levels were measured from one to twelve hours post aspirin ingestion. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed no significant change between phase I and phase II for either the salicylate elimination half‐life or the area under the concentration versus time curve from 4–12 hours post aspirin ingestion. Reasons for the lack of effect of repeated doses of charcoal on salicylate elimination are discussed and, these results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the overdose situation. Further investigation is warranted to assess the effect of repeated doses of activated charcoal in the salicylate‐overdosed patient.
The AMARA corpus: building resources for translating the web’s educational content

In this paper, we introduce a new parallel corpus of subtitles of educational videos: the AMARA corpus for online educational content. We crawl a multilingual collection community generated subtitles, and present the results of processing the Arabic–English portion of the data, which yields a parallel corpus of about 2.6M Arabic and 3.9M English words. We explore different approaches to align the segments, and extrinsically evaluate the resulting parallel corpus on the standard TED-talks tst-2010. We observe that the data can be successfully used for this task, and also observe an absolute improvement of 1.6 BLEU when it is used in combination with TED data. Finally, we analyze some of the specific challenges when translating the educational content.
Role of Positive Parenting in the Association Between Neighborhood Social Disadvantage and Brain Development Across Adolescence

Importance The negative effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on lifelong functioning are pronounced, with some evidence suggesting that these effects are mediated by changes in brain development. To our knowledge, no research has investigated whether parenting might buffer these negative effects. Objective To establish whether positive parenting behaviors moderate the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on brain development and adaptive functioning in adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants In this longitudinal study of adolescents from schools in Melbourne, Australia, data were collected at 3 assessments between 2004 and 2012. Data were analyzed between August 2016 and April 2017. Exposures Both family (parental income-to-needs, occupation, and education level) and neighborhood measures of socioeconomic disadvantage were assessed. Positive maternal parenting behaviors were observed during interactions in early adolescence. Main Outcomes and Measures Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at 3 times (early, middle, and late adolescence) from ages 11 to 20 years. Global and academic functioning was assessed during late adolescence. We used linear mixed models to examine the effect of family and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage as well as the moderating effect of positive parenting on adolescent brain development. We used mediation models to examine whether brain developmental trajectories predicted functional outcomes during late adolescence. Results Of the included 166 adolescents, 86 (51.8%) were male. We found that neighborhood, but not family, socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with altered brain development from early (mean [SD] age, 12.79 [0.425] years) to late (mean [SD] age, 19.08 [0.460] years) adolescence, predominantly in the temporal lobes (temporal cortex: random field theory corrected; left amygdala: B, −0.237; P < .001; right amygdala: B, −0.209; P = .008). Additionally, positive parenting moderated the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on the development of dorsal frontal and lateral orbitofrontal cortices as well as the effects of family disadvantage on the development of the amygdala (occupation: B, 0.382; P = .004; income-to-needs: B, 27.741; P = .004), with some male-specific findings. The pattern of dorsal frontal cortical development in males from disadvantaged neighborhoods exposed to low maternal positivity predicted increased rates of school noncompletion (indirect effect, −0.018; SE, 0.01; 95% CI, −0.053 to −0.001). Conclusions and Relevance Our findings highlight the importance of neighborhood disadvantage in influencing brain developmental trajectories. Further, to our knowledge, we present the first evidence that positive maternal parenting might ameliorate the negative effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on frontal lobe development (with implications for functioning) during adolescence. Results have relevance for designing interventions for children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.
Escape, Avoidance, and Imitation: A Neural Network Approach

We present a real-time neural network that integrates classical and operant processes to describe how animals learn to escape and avoid an aversive stimulus either by trial and error or by imitation. It is assumed that through classical conditioning animals build an internal model of the environment and that through operant conditioning animals select from alternative responses. The internal model of the environment provides predictions of the aversive stimulus based on environmental stimuli and the animal's own responses, and these predictions are used to train the operant conditioning block to generate responses that minimize the aversive stimulus. Computer simulations show that the model correctly describes many of the features that characterize escape and avoidance. The network also is able to describe the imitation of a demonstrator by an observer. During the demonstration, a neural network representing the observer stores classical associations between environmental stimuli and the demonstrator's responses and aversive stimuli, and these associations serve to train the operant associations during the observer's performance. It is assumed that the demonstrator's responses evoke a representation of identical responses in the observer and that the demonstrator's unconditioned response to the aversive stimulus serves as an aversive reinforcer for the observer. The network contributes to a general theory of adaptive behavior and is relevant to the design of autonomous systems that learn either through trial and error or through imitation.
Comparative analysis of different methods of staining the larvae Haemonchus contortus, Mullerius sp. (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida)

Boyko, O.O. , Duda, Y.V. , Pakhomov, O.Y. , Brygadyrenko, V.V. , 2016. Comparative analysis of different methods of staining the larvae Haemonchus contortus, Mullerius sp. (Nematoda, Strongylida) and Strongyloides papillosus (Nematoda, Rhabditida). Folia Oecologica, 43: 129–137. We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification.
Does the Hip Reflect the Centre of Mass Swimming Kinematics?

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the hip point and the centre of mass for kinematical parameters (displacement, velocity and acceleration) in the three axes of motion. One complete stroke cycle was analyzed in eight swimmers performing a 25 m front crawl swim test at high intensity. Within-subject correlation coefficients were computed between the centre of mass and both hips, as well as mean of the errors, RMS error and a paired sample t-test. High correlation coefficients were found for the displacement in the horizontal direction (r=1.00 for both hips) and low to moderate correlation coefficients (r=-0.01 to r=0.54) were found for all other studied variables. Moreover, moderate to large RMS errors were observed: (i) between 0.05 and 0.15 for the displacement; (ii) between 0.16 and 0.30 for the velocity and (iii) between 5.28 and 7.86 for the acceleration. Complementarily, RMS errors for the intracyclic velocity variation were between 0.07 and 0.18. Considering the centre of mass and hip values statistical differences were found in velocity in x, acceleration in x and y, and intracyclic velocity variation in y axes. Therefore, results suggest that the hip point does not represent most kinematical parameters of the estimated centre of mass in front crawl swimming.
Disturbance decoupling control based trajectory tracking for underactuated ships

To solve the trajectory tracking problem of underactuated surface ships with internal uncertainties and external disturbances, a unique dynamic disturbance decoupling control (DDC) strategy, based on Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) frame, is introduced to track the ship trajectory/path. By requiring as little information on ship model as possible, the intention is to make the DDC method appled in ship trajectory tracking control. By use of decentralized control theory, the trajectory tracking control tasks are divided into the control over ship cross track and longitudinal position, and the inputs are defined as the rudder angle and the propeller revolutions. Drift angle compensation is added to the controller by designing a transformation equation. The cross track static error caused by wind and current is removed. Simulation results obtained on a nonlinear kinetic model of a training ship show good performance in the presence of significant unknown disturbances and unmodeled dynamics.
The random cluster model and a new integration identity

We evaluate the free energy of the random cluster model at its critical point for 0 < q < 4 using an exact result due to Baxter, Temperley and Ashley, and obtain an explicit expression in the form of an infinite series. It is found that the resulting series expression assumes a form which depends on whether or not is a rational number. As a by-product, our consideration leads to a closed-form evaluation of the integral which arises in lattice statistics, where A, B, C ≥ 0 and .
A survey of object-space hidden surface removal

We present a survey of the hidden surface removal literature, focusing on object-space algorithms. We give a brief definition and history of the problem, followed by a discussion of problems and algorithms associated with the priority ordering of faces. We go on to examine object-space algorithms in order of increasing object complexity: xy-parallel rectangles, ordered triangles, c-oriented faces, c-oriented polyhedra, polyhedral terrains, and general polyhedra. We also review recent work on merging visibility maps and moving viewpoints. Finally, we present a list of open problems.
GMM and gradient sparse priors for image denoising

Image denoising is an extensively studied problem and can be used in many applications. In this paper, we propose an image denoising method using GMM and gradient sparse priors. GMM is a generic model and usually built based on image patches. Despite the high likelihood of GMM for image patches, the model is learned from image patches only. The relationship of neighboring patches is not learned. The global image information is not used fully. For a natural image, it is reasonable to regularize the image with the gradient sparse prior. To improve the denoising results with GMM prior, the gradient sparse can be regularized in the meanwhile. So we combine the GMM and gradient sparse priors together to be helpful for each other. By using alternative optimization technique, the final energy function can be minimized efficiently. Subjective and objective experiments validate the effectiveness of our method. Our method acquired the competing results with some state-of-the-art methods. We also give an analysis of results and future work.
Functional and Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Lymphocytes from Hospitalized Zambian Children with Measles

ABSTRACT Measles is associated with immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to secondary infections and is a particular problem in developing countries. Lymphocyte changes accompanying immune activation and regulation of the immune response may contribute to immunosuppression. To evaluate lymphocyte changes during measles, children (n = 274) hospitalized with measles in Lusaka, Zambia, were evaluated at entry, discharge, and 1-month follow-up and compared to healthy Zambian children (n = 98). Lymphopenia was present on hospital admission and reflected decreased CD4 and CD8 T cells but resolved quickly. Lymphopenia was most marked in girls, in those with temperatures of >38.5°C, and in malnourished children. CD4/CD8 ratios were decreased at all time points and were lower in boys than in girls at discharge and follow-up. Spontaneous death occurred in cultured lymphocytes, and the proportions of freshly isolated cells undergoing apoptosis, based on annexin V and propidium iodide staining, were increased. Surface Fas was increased on both CD4 and CD8 T cells compared to controls, and expression was greater on CD4 T cells and was inversely correlated with lymphocyte viability in culture at study entry. Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes improved viability, but inhibitors of Fas, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and TNF did not. Plasma levels of β2 microglobulin and soluble Fas, Fas ligand, CD8, CD4, and TNF receptor were increased, and soluble CD8 was higher in boys than in girls. The multiple effects of measles on lymphocytes from Zambian children include decreased numbers in circulation, increased activation, and increased susceptibility to cell death, with substantive differences in the magnitude of these changes between boys and girls.
New modular power system controller architecture

This paper represents a new concept for a modular power system controller (PSC) architecture. It is based on a powerful PSC, distributed I/O modules and a highly flexible SW architecture. The communication between the modules and the PSC is done using CAN with sophisticated protocols, which allow plug and play functionality as well as new system functionalities.
PPAR agonists in diabetic nephropathy.

Sir, A recent Editorial Comment (Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 2696–2702) considered the role of PPAR agonists in diabetic nephropathy; it also addressed other nephropathies. In the former category, in the section on observations in humans, the authors’ comments are almost exclusively limited to UAE (urinary albumin excretion rate) before and after thiazolidinedione. In terms of kidney function this is a kind of ‘black-box’ approach, since nobody knows for sure by which molecular or cellular changes UAE comes about. We missed comments by the authors on intrarenal haemodynamic effects of thiazolidinediones in this respect. The authors did not mention recent studies, published in Diabetes Care and Diabetes, on these issues by our group. We believe that an editorial comment ought to be fair in giving a careful and well balanced view of the published literature.
Comparative Statics in Finite Horizon Finance Economies with Stochastic Taxation

This paper studies comparative statics of Financial Markets (FM) equilibria in the finite horizon General Equilibrium with Incomplete Markets (GEI) model with respect to changes in stochastic tax rates imposed on agents’endowments and dividends. We show that under reasonable assumptions, without assuming CRRA and identical agents, an increase in the current dividend tax rate unambiguously reduces current asset prices. The paper also finds that there exists a bound B such that for a coeffi cient of relative risk aversion less than B, an increase in a future dividend tax rate reduces current price of tradable assets. At the same time, for a coeffi cient of relative risk aversion greater than B, an increase in a future dividend tax rate boosts the current price of tradable assets. Finally, for a coeffi cient of relative risk aversion equal to B, an increase in a future dividend tax rate leaves current consumption and current price of tradable assets unchanged. As a special case, under additional assumptions, B is equal to 1. Also, under reasonable assumptions, an increase in the current endowment tax rate reduces current asset prices, while an increase in a future endowment tax rate boosts current asset prices.
Cloning, Characterization and Prokaryotic Expression of Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenase from Oryza sativa

cDNA sequences of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were cloned from various species, and MDH was identified to play an important role in cell energy metabolism. Here, we present the isolation and characterization of its homologue (OscMDH) in Oryza sativa. Comparison of the results to the genome details indicated that OscMDH consisted of seven exons. Sequence alignment showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of OscMDH shared a significant similarity with cMDH protein in Zea mays, as well as with other cMDH gene products. The different expression patterns of OscMDH in different tissues revealed that OscMDH mRNA was highly transcribed in either young panicle or immature seed, while its abundance was much low in green leaf and root. A nearly 56-kDa fusion protein generated by adding a Trx-His-tag at the N-terminal of OscMDH was induced by IPTG in Escherichia coli BL21 and an obvious MDH activity was detected in the protein by native PAGE analysis. All these results suggest that OscMDH encodes a cytosolic MDH in rice.
A multicenter clinical evaluation of the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris of the face with visible blue light in comparison to topical 1% clindamycin antibiotic solution.

BACKGROUND Blue light sources have been shown to be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris lesions. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new blue light source in the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris in comparison to topical 1% clindamycin solution. RESULTS Blue light therapy reduced inflammatory acne vulgaris lesions by an average of 34%, as compared to 14% for topical 1% clindamycin solution. CONCLUSIONS The blue light source presented in this report is a safe and effective treatment option available to our patients with mild to moderate inflammatory acne lesions.
Prevalence of Risk for Orthorexia in Athletes Using the ORTO-15 Questionnaire: A Systematic Mini-Review

The article aims to summarize the literature about the profile of risk of orthorexia in athletes using the ORTO-15 questionnaire. The search was performed at PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Sport Discus databases, using the terms “orthorexia” AND “athletes” with the respective entry terms. A multistage process of selection followed the PRISMA 2020 recommendation. A total of 688 articles were identified, and six studies were available for the final process. The prevalence of risk for orthorexia was assessed by the articles by the ORTO-15 questionnaire and ranged between 38 and 35 points. The comparison between male and female athletes and, athletes and non-athletes was not significant in the six articles. In conclusion, the review highlights that athletes from different sports, included in the review, do not present a risk of orthorexia nervosa considering the cutoff of 40 points, but not 35 points. Also, athletes present the same orthorexic behavior compared to non-athletes, demonstrating that orthorexia is an issue that needs to be considered in the general population. Moreover, a special focus should be given on the ORTO-15 questionnaire, about the sensitivity to diagnose the prevalence of orthorexia, especially in athletes.
Epidemiology of HPV infection among Mexican women with normal cervical cytology

Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and is the most common cancer among Mexican women, but no population‐based studies have reported the prevalence and determinants of HPV infection in Mexico. A population‐based study was carried out between 1996 and 1999, based on an age‐stratified random sample of 1,340 women with normal cytologic diagnoses from 33 municipalities of Morelos State, Mexico. The prevalence of cervical HPV DNA was determined by reverse line blot strip assay to detect 17 cancer‐associated and 10 non–cancer‐associated HPV types. Two peaks of HPV DNA prevalence were observed. A first peak of 16.7% was observed in the age group under 25 years. HPV DNA prevalence declined to 3.7% in the age group 35–44 years, then increased progressively to 23% among women 65 years and older. Cancer‐associated HPV types were the most common in all age groups; non–cancer‐associated HPV types were rare in the young and became more common linearly with age. Twenty‐four types of HPV were detected; HPV 16, HPV 53, HPV 31 and HPV 18 were the most common, but none was present in more than 1.7% of subjects. The main determinant of infection with both cancer‐associated and non–cancer‐associated HPV types was the number of sexual partners in all age groups. Less‐educated women were at an increased risk of infection with cancer‐associated but not with non–cancer‐associated HPV types; low socioeconomic status was associated with detection of non–cancer‐associated HPV types. Among young women an increasing number of pregnancies was associated with lower HPV detection and among older women low socioeconomic status was related to increased HPV detection, particularly for the age group 35–54 years. Among women with cancer‐associated HPV types, there was a higher intensity of polymerase chain reaction signal in younger than in older age groups (p < 0.001). We present additional evidence for the sexually transmitted nature of HPV infection, regardless of age group and HPV type. We confirm previous findings of a second peak of high‐risk HPV infections in postmenopausal women, in this case with a clear predominance of cancer‐associated HPV types. In populations with this pattern, which can be related to reactivation of latent HPV infections or high previous exposure in older women, screening with HPV testing can have a reduced specificity among older women if proper cut‐off points for HPV positivity are not used. Longitudinal studies of immune responses to HPV infection in different age groups are warranted. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.