Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of the Italian electricity generation system: an empirical assessment

This article focuses on how electricity generation sources interact with each other and with economic activity in Italy. This country has gone through a period of instability in its economic activity. It is very dependent on the importation of electricity and of raw materials for electricity generation. These factors make the analysis of the dynamics of interaction between the various sources in Italy particularly interesting. Monthly data is used, employing an ARDL approach. This approach allows the use of variables I(0) and I(1) at the same time, as well as allowing an understanding of the difference in the short- and long-run effects. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test was used to determine causal relationships. In general, the results show empirical evidence for the substitution effect between hydropower and fossil fuels. The hydropower generation source has a positive impact in the short-run, and a negative one in the long-run, given that, the possibility of expanding capacity in this generation source has almost been exhausted. In the long-run, economic activity encourages renewable energy generation, but the opposite is not verified. This result is consistent with the fact that the contribution of renewables is a result of the goals outlined by the European Union. Thus policy makers should stimulate the endogenous production of electricity. The target set by the European Union should take into account the degree of wealth of the countries. This work also contains a detailed discussion about energy policies to make the accommodation of generation sources within the system more flexible.
Analyzing the impact of changes in tobacco trade barriers and cigarette taxes on developing countries

While tobacco production and exports prove to be one of the major activities by most developing countries, making tobacco a strategic crop in enhancing their economies, there has been mounting pressure worldwide through international bodies such as the World Health Organization and World Bank to reduce consumption of this crop as it is considered to have drastic health implications. Increased, integrated and harmonized action to reduce the tobacco burden is therefore key priority to improving public health and alleviating poverty. As a way to reduce tobacco imports, internal trade and consumption, a number of countries worldwide especially developed, enacted trade taxes through which tobacco is covered by high import and retailing taxes. This thesis therefore explored the impact of tobacco trade taxation, on developing countries as one of the key evidence-based tobacco control and demand reduction measures. The thesis makes use of current tobacco trade policies and stipulated tobacco import and retailing taxes; through the Global simulation Model developed by Francois & Hall (2003) to analyze the impact of such taxes on developing economies’ tobacco sectors. The simulated GSIM scenarios indicate that tobacco trade restriction changes in China have a greater impact on developing countries tobacco sectors than in other markets, with world prices in developing countries going up an average 3.8% while output goes up 1.3%, when import tariff in China is scratched off. The extended GSIM results show a negative impact of tax on developing countries while contributing positively to reducing tobacco demand and consumption. A 10% point increase in cigarette tax will reduce global tobacco output by average 0.39%. Sensitivity analysis of Armington elasticities shows short run elastic industry supply by developing countries and results are not affected by changes in elasticity values.
A comprehensive survey of faults, breccias, and fractures in and flanking the eastern Española Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico

A comprehensive survey of geologic structures formed in the Earth’s brittle regime in the eastern Española Basin and flank of the Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, reveals a complex and protracted record of multiple tectonic events. Data and analyses from this representative rift flank-basin pair include measurements from 53 individual fault zones and 22 other brittle structures, such as breccia zones, joints, and veins, investigated at a total of just over 100 sites. Structures were examined and compared in poorly lithified Tertiary sedi ments, as well as in Paleozoic sedimentary and Proterozoic crystalline rocks. Data and analyses include geologic maps; field observations and measurements; orientation, kinematic, and paleostress analyses; statistical examination of fault trace lengths derived from aeromagnetic data; mineralogy and chemistry of host and fault rocks; and investigation of fault versus bolideimpact hypotheses for the origin of enigmatic breccias found in the Proterozoic basement rocks. Fault kinematic and paleostress analyses suggest a record of transitional, and perhaps partitioned, strains from the Laramide orogeny through Rio Grande rifting. Normal faults within Tertiary basin-fill sediments are consistent with more typical WNW-ESE Rio Grande rift extension, perhaps de coupled from bedrock structures due to strength contrasts favoring the formation of new faults in the relatively weak sediments. Analyses of the fault-length data indicate power-law length distributions similar to those reported from many geologic settings globally. Mineralogy and chemistry in Proterozoic fault-related rocks reveal geochemical changes tied to hydro thermal alteration and nearly isochemical transformation of feldspars to clay minerals. In sediments, faulted minerals are characterized by mechanical entrainment with minor secondary chemical changes. Enigmatic breccias in rift-flanking Protero zoic rocks are autoclastic and isochemical with respect to their protoliths and exist near shatter cones believed to be related to a previously reported pre-Pennsylvanian impact event. A weak iridium anomaly is associated with the breccias as well as adjacent protoliths, thus an impact shock wave cannot be ruled out for their origin. Major fault zones along the eastern rift-flank mountain front are discontinuous and unlikely to impede regional groundwater flow into Española Basin aquifers. The breccia bodies are not large enough to constitute aquifers, and no faultor breccia-related geochemical anomalies were identified as potential contamination sources for ground or surface waters. The results of this work provide a broad picture of structural diversity and tectonic evolution along the eastern flank of the central Rio Grande rift and the adjacent Española Basin representative of the rift as a whole and many rifts worldwide.
Emotional Vocabulary-based Multimedia Contents Management System

AbstractIn these days, production and management of various digital contents increased because of growing internet users. Nowthe digital contents production system is producing video which is based on keywords and contents. This paper proposesthe sensibility-based contents management system which can analyze and manage contents of video production system.Due to the sensibility-based multimedia contents management system, it is possible to analyze and manage sensibilitycontents what users want. As a result, by building a database, we can provide intelligent and meaningful services. Inaddition, contrary to low grade's contents-based production system, we can cope actively with users' demands.Key words: Emotion, Digital Contents, MPEG-7, Multimedia Management System 1. Introduction Due to the rapid growth of internet, many users areproducing digital contents. For this reason, UCC(UserCreates Content) appeared and the market of digitalmultimedia contents increased rapidly [1] . It is difficultfor common users to master professional video produc-tion system and to produce videos what they wantbecause of their focusing on edit and effects. There arethe keyword and comment-based technique and thecontent-based search technique in the present digitalcontents production. Because of expansion of user-ori-ented computing environment, emotional-based videoproduction system is developing to understand users’emotion and to cope actively with users’ emotion. Emo-tion vocabulary, factor analysis and management systemrequire emotional-based video production system
POWER GRID IMPEDA CE TRACKI G WITH U CERTAI TY ESTIMATIO USI G TWO STAGE WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES

The paper presents a new method for simultaneous tracking of varying grid impedance and its uncertainty bounds. Impedance tracking consists of two stages. In the first stage, the actual noise estimate is obtained from least squares (LS) residua. In the second stage, the noise covariance matrix is approximated with the use of residual information. Then weighted least squares (WLS) method is applied in order to estimate impedance and background voltage. Finally uncertainty bounds for impedance estimation are computed. The robustness of the method has been verified using simulated signals. The proposed method has been compared to sliding LS. The results have shown, that the method performs much better than the LS for all considered cases, even in the presence of significant background voltage variations.
What kind of e-mail information is more effective in communicating with the client? Application of game theory

Using game theory, this study analyzed clients’ decisions after receiving digital relational marketing campaigns via email for two types of products: apparel and electronics-music-video. The objectives were to analyze the promotional and relational e-mails to discern which of the two is most effective in achieving marketing objectives and short-term business objectives. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with samples from Spain and Colombia, starting from a total of 400 surveys, a game based on the Nash Theory was proposed, having as a more important result, regardless of the type of email received by the client, the last action of the client will be marked as “spam”. Likewise, differences were found by country and by gender depending on the type of product and no conclusive differences were found on which type of communication (promotional or differential) is better received by the client.
Interval Forecasting of Carbon Futures Prices Using a Novel Hybrid Approach with Exogenous Variables

This paper examines the interval forecasting of carbon futures prices in one of the most important carbon futures market. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to present a novel hybrid approach, which is composed of multioutput support vector regression (MSVR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), in the task of forecasting the highest and lowest prices of carbon futures on the next trading day. Furthermore, we set out to investigate if considering some potential predictors, which have strong influence on carbon futures prices, in modeling process is useful for achieving better prediction performance. Aiming at testing its effectiveness, we benchmark the forecasting performance of our approach against four competitors. The daily interval prices of carbon futures contracts traded in the Intercontinental Futures Exchange from August 12, 2010, to November 13, 2014, are used as the experiment dataset. The statistical significance of the interval forecasts is examined. The proposed hybrid approach is found to demonstrate the higher forecasting performance relative to all other competitors. Our application offers practitioners a promising set of results with interval forecasting in carbon futures market.
New approach for piezoelectric resonances and phase transitions in KDP and ADP crystals

In this work we introduce a new experimental setup, called here the three-electrode system (TES), which is very useful for analyzing and comparing piezoelectric crystals, as well as for studying their phase transitions and measuring their piezoelectric coefficients. ADP and KDP, which are very well-known crystals, were used in this work as good examples of piezo-crystals. The principal characteristic of TES is the application of an electric field to a small region of the crystal and the observation of the electric field at another region, usually located at the extremes of the crystal. In this way we can see several interesting effects, like piezoelectric resonances, phase transitions and harmonic generation, which are dependent on voltage and frequency conditions. We consider the piezoelectric concept in developing a mathematical model for the generated elastic wave, starting at the excitation electrode and traveling to the second electrode, where the signal depends on the piezoelectric coefficient. Our results have shown that this technique is very efficient for the determination of phase transitions.
Women entrepreneurship: effect of social capital, innovation and market knowledge

espanolEl emprendimiento femenino desempena un rol clave en el crecimiento economico. Este estudio investiga el rol mediador de la innovacion en cuanto al efecto del capital social en el emprendimiento. La poblacion muestra incluyo 130 mujeres emprendedoras de la provincia de Ilam, Iran. Utilizando un cuestionario como el principal medio de recoleccion de datos, se evaluo la correlacion entre las variables de emprendimiento, innovacion, capital social y mercado del conocimiento. El analisis de los datos se llevo a cabo a traves de un modelado de ecuaciones estructurales en el software LISREL. Los hallazgos mostraron que el capital social y la innovacion tuvieron un efecto positivo en el emprendimiento. Sin embargo, el impacto del capital social sobre la innovacion no fue confirmado. EnglishWomen entrepreneurship plays a key role in the economic growth. This study investigates the mediatory role of innovation concerning the effect of social capital on entrepreneurship. The sample population included 130 female entrepreneurs in Ilam province, Iran. Using questionnaire as the main means of data collection, the correlation among variables of entrepreneurship, innovation, social capital and market knowledge was evaluated. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling in LISREL software. The findings showed that social capital and innovation had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship. However, the impact of social capital on innovation was not confirmed.
Cohort Effects on Earnings Profiles: Evidence from Sweden

The cohort crowding literature suggests that the size of one’s generation, or cohort, has repercussions on the level and shape of one’s earnings profile. We estimate cohort size effects on earnings profiles and further assess whether these profiles are affected by the individuals. position in the Baby Boom. Using a rich individual based panel data set, we follow the Swedish Baby Boomers of the 1940's and the following Baby Bust of the 1950's from 1968 to 1999. Our results indicate that there are significant cohort effects on the earnings profile which are fairly consistent across gender but not across education levels. Large cohorts have a higher overall earnings level than small cohorts. Cohorts born in an upswing of a boom have a higher earnings level than cohorts born in a downswing. The effects on return to experience vary across education and experience levels.
Intentional Sin and Accidental Virtue? Cultural Differences in Moral Systems Influence Perceived Intentionality

Indians and U.S. Americans view harmful actions as morally wrong, but Indians are more likely than U.S. Americans to perceive helping behaviors as moral imperatives. We utilize this cultural variability in moral belief systems to test whether and how moral considerations influence perceptions of intentionality (as suggested by theories of folk psychology). Four experiments found that Indians attribute more intentionality than U.S. Americans for helpful but not harmful (Studies 1–4) or neutral side effects (Studies 2 and 3). Also, cross-cultural differences in intentionality judgments for positive actions reflect stronger praise motives (Study 3), and stronger devotion to religious beliefs and practices among Hindus (Study 4). These results provide the first direct support for the claim that features of moral belief systems influence folk psychology, and further suggest that the influence is not inherently asymmetrical; motivation to either blame or praise can influence judgments of intentionality.
Coordination and Cheap Talk: Indirect versus Direct Messages

In this paper, we experimentally compare the effect of costless direct and indirect messages on the risky action choices, hence on coordinations in stag-hunt games. We show that there is no effect of costless indirect messages on the frequency of risky action choices and hence on coordination on the payoff-dominant equilibrium. With direct messages, however, we find that there is a significant effect of pre-play communication on efficient coordination. One potential reason of not seeing a significant effect of indirect messages is the difference in agents' message-interpretations. Another potential reason may be the existence of lie-averse agents.
RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AT ISLA DEL CARMEN, MEXICO

Extreme hydro-meteorological phenomena lead annually to serious damage and losses in the coastal zone of Isla del Carmen, on the Gulf of Mexico. The importance of the risk assessment is the possibility of preventing or reducing those harmful effects. In this context, an integrated risk assessment approach is performed based on the source-pathway-receptor concept to assess the flooding risk in the area. The paper analyses the consequences on the dune ecosystem that extends longitudinally along the island; and the effects on the population, infrastructure and natural habitat located next to the beach. The results of the study will be used to define the zones with a higher level of risk and to propose flood risk mitigation measures. Moreover, the study will contribute to the establishment of specific legislation which supports the protection of the coastal dune.
Political budget cycles in a fiscal federation : the effect of partisan voluntary transfers

This article first presents an econometric study suggesting that intergovernmental transfers to Brazilian municipalities are strongly partisan motivated. In light of that stylized fact, it develops an extension to Rogoff (1990)’s model to analyze the effect of partisan motivated transfers into sub-national electoral and fiscal equilibria. The main finding is that important partisan transfers may undo the positive selection aspect of political budget cycles. Indeed, partisan transfers may, on one hand, eliminate the political budget cycle, solving a moral hazard problem, but, on the other hand, they may retain an incompetent incumbent in office, bringing about an adverse selection problem. JEL Classification: D72, H77, C72.
Life Satisfaction: Testing a Structural Equation Model Based on Authenticity and Subjective Happiness

The aim of this research is to examine the relationships between authenticity, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. The participants were 347 university students. In this study, the Authenticity Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. The relationships between authenticity, subjective happiness and life satisfaction were examined using correlation analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM). In correlation analysis, authentic living was found positively related to subjective happiness. On the other hand, self-alienation, accepting external influence was found negatively correlated to subjective happiness. Besides subjective happiness and life satisfaction have positive relation. Structural Equation Model showed that self-alienation, accepting external influence results in a decrease subjective happiness on life satisfaction whereas rise in authentic living lead to subjective happiness, so subjective happiness also brings life satisfaction. According to standardized beta coefficients (β= -.49), the most significant predictor of subjective happiness was self-alienation. Results were discussed in the light of the related literature.
On the Stability of Collusive Price Leadership

The gains from cartel formation and the stability of a dominant cartel are investigated for the price-leadership model. We show that there is a general interest in the establishment of a cartel with the competitive fringe reaping a disproportionate share of the benefits. In contrast to results involving a continuum of firms, with a finite number of firms (each with the same cost curve) there is always a stable dominant cartel. A propos de la stabilite d'une structure de marche caracterisee par la collusion de firmes dominantes pour etablir un leadership de prix. Le memoire etudie les gains derives de la formation d'un cartel et la stabilite d'un cartel dominant dans le cadre d'un modele de leadership de prix de la firme dominante. On montre qu'il y a un int6ret general a creer un cartel meme si les firmes satellites A la peripherie du cartel ramassent une part plus que proportionnelle des benefices. Contrairement a ce que l'on observe quand on est en presence d'un continuum de firmes, quand leur nombre est fini chacune avec la meme courbe de couts il y a toujours un cartel dominant stable.
Requirements validation techniques :A case of prototype of the Technical Institute for Administration

requirements validation techniques (RVTs) play important role to detect possible defects in the requirements (functional, non-functional ). Prototypes are good way to demonstrate the requirements and help stakeholders discover problems. The key advantage of a prototypingbased methodology is that it very quickly provides a system for the users to interact with, even if it is not initially ready for widespread organizational use. The proposed web application has been tested based on the usability, System quality has a considerable effect on ease of use and does directly influence the users' intention to use the TIAS in the future. The analysis indicates that the attractiveness of the user interface, performance and the functionalities are critical success factors of TIAS acceptance. the mean of intention to use and ease of use are respectively 3.77 and 3.54 on a 5-point Likert scale. These results show that TIAS is well accepted in general.
Dynamics of nitrogen oxides and ozone above and within a mixed hardwood forest in Northern Michigan

Abstract. The dynamic behavior of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ) above and within the canopy at the University of Michigan Biological Station AmeriFlux (UMBS Flux) site was investigated by continuous multi-height vertical gradient measurements during the summer and the fall of 2008. A daily maximum in nitric oxide (NO) mixing ratios was consistently observed during the morning hours between 06:00 and 09:00 EST above the canopy. Daily NO maxima ranged between 0.1 and 2 ppbv (with a median of 0.3 ppbv), which were 2 to 20 times above the atmospheric background. The sources and causes of the morning NO maximum were evaluated using NO x and O 3 measurements and synoptic and micrometeorological data. Numerical simulations with a multi-layer canopy-exchange model were done to further support this analysis. The observations indicated that the morning NO maximum was caused by the photolysis of NO 2 from non-local air masses, which were transported into the canopy from aloft during the morning breakup of the nocturnal boundary layer. The analysis of simulated process tendencies indicated that the downward turbulent transport of NO x into the canopy compensates for the removal of NO x through chemistry and dry deposition. The sensitivity of NO x and O 3 concentrations to soil and foliage NO x emissions was also assessed with the model. Uncertainties associated with the emissions of NO x from the soil or from leaf-surface nitrate photolysis did not explain the observed diurnal behavior in NO x (and O 3 ) and, in particular, the morning peak in NO x mixing ratios. However, a ~30% increase in early morning NO x and NO peak mixing ratios was simulated when a foliage exchange NO 2 compensation point was considered. This increase suggests the potential importance of leaf-level, bidirectional exchange of NO 2 in understanding the observed temporal variability in NO x at UMBS.