Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants of Belgorod State University Botanical Garden plants: Ribes aureum fruits anthocyanins

Botanical collection produces edible berries about 1 cm in diameter differing (for different varieties) in color from greenish-yellow to shiny black. The four main anthocyanins are the same as for black currant fruits: delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside; the peaks assignment has been confirmed by spectropho-tometrical and mass spectrometrical detections. The overall anthocyanin accumulation depends upon fruit color intensity, differing in the broad range from 0.065 to 0.980 g cyaniding-3-glucoside chloride equivalent per 100 g of fresh fruits. Mode of anthocyanins biosynthesis in fruits of some species of Ribes genus is discussed on the basis of rela­ tive activity of corresponding enzymes. vol.% anthocy-anidine-3-rurinoside. on chromatograms) of four anthocyanins
Optimization of Parameters of a Planetary Gearbox Using the Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis

Optimization of parameters of central gears of a planetary gearbox was performed in this study. Since the optimization of multi-performance characteristics is more complex compared to optimization of a single-performance characteristics, the Taguchi-Grey analysis was used. That approach combines the Taguchi orthogonal array L27 with the Grey relational analysis to determine the influence of the material, module and gear width on the safety coefficient of the planetary gearbox. A Grey relational grade obtained from the Grey relational analysis is used as the performance characteristics in the Taguchi method and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal combination of parameters for the safety coefficient values was obtained, when the value of the Grey relational grade is 1. Based on the ANOVA analysis, it was established that the most influential parameter is the module, then the gear width and the least influential one is the material.
Youth emotional well-being during the COVID-19-related lockdown in South Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only caused serious threats to people’s physical health but has also triggered a wide range of mental health problems. This study sought to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with depressive symptoms among young people age 1835 years during the COVID-19 related lockdown in South Africa. An online survey was conducted leading to a sample of 11 700 participants covering all the provinces of the country; of these 5 693 participants responded to all the emotional well-being questions. The 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies on Depression Scale (CES-D 10 Scale) was used to establish the prevalence of, and factors associated with depressive symptoms. Our results show a prevalence of depressive symptoms of 72% among the young participants, which is high and worrisome when compared to mental health results among youth gathered outside of the COVID-19 context. When disaggregated by various characteristics, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be higher among older, female, and white youth and those with higher education. Multivariate regression analysis further shows that depressive symptoms were positively associated with being female, being older, having higher education and residing in urban informal areas, while they were negatively associated with being employed and offering family care. These findings suggest that while combating the COVID-19 pandemic, the government needs to pay closer attention to the mental health issues among young people and the effects of lockdown regulations on mental health, to avoid longer-term negative effects of mental ill-health among youth.
Die Gewinnung des Zuckeranteiles der Glykosphingolipide durch Ozonolyse und Fragmentierung

Aus Glykosphingolipiden ist durch Einwirkung von Ozon und anschließender Behandlung mit Alkali der unversehrte Kohlenhydratanteil erhältlich. Die Struktur des so aus Gangliosid GGNTIV gewonnenen sauren Oligosaccharides, in dem die Ganglio-N-tetraose noch alle drei Sialinsäurereste trägt, wird weiter erhärtet.
Distribution and Aspects of the Ecology of the Genus Tabellar?a Ehr. (Bacillariophyceae) in the North- central United States1

The ecology and distribution of four taxa of the diatom genus Tabellar? a (Bacillariophyceae), recognized by Koppen in the N- central United States, were investigated. All four were abundant in the portion of the study area mantled with noncalcareous to weakly cal- careous surficial deposits. In addition, the distribution of the genus correlated with the dominant presettlement vegetation pattern in the study area. Tabellar? a fenestrata and T. floeculosa strain IV were, for the most part, restricted to waters located in noncalcareous to weakly calcareous surficial deposits. These waters tend to be very soft to soft and oligo- dystrophic. The distribution of T. flocculosa var. linearis extends from the noncalcareous to calcareous drift areas, occurring in some lakes which are classified as moderately hard-water to hard-water and meso- trophic to eutrophic. Tabellar? a flocculosa strain III was encountered in all types of waters described above and in addition was found in many more lakes located in areas with calcareous deposits and considered as very hard-water and eutrophic.
Chemical characterization of soluble polysaccharides in the red alga Acanthophora spicifera from La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico Caracterización química de los polisacáridos solubles del alga roja Acanthophora spicifera de la bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

1 Laboratorio de Química de Algas Marinas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 2 Centro Regional de Investigaciones Acuícolas y Pesqueras de Ensenada (CRIAP), Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, km 97.5, CP 22760, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. 3 Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costera, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al Sur, km 5.5, Col. Mezquitito, CP 23080, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Phylogenetic Relationships of E scherichia coli I solates Associated with Bovine Fecal and Milk Samples

To study the genetic diversity among Escherichia coli strains isolated from bovine fecal and milk samples, nineteen isolates of E. coli were typed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Clusters of strains were defined on the basis of the epidemiological data and subsequently phylogenetic tree was created and revealed 4 clusters. The obtained results indicated that the serotypes causing bovine mastitis were similar genetically to that causing diarrhea. This type of information can be used in clinical setting to discriminate ongoing epidemics of E. coli from incidentally increased infection rate.
Optimal Aqueous Extraction Conditions as A Green Technique for Recovery of Phenolic Antioxidants from Robusta Dried Coffee Pulp

Coffee pulp, a by-product of coffee processing, contains high level of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. This by-product also contains high levels of other bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids and caffeine, which can be potentially recovered for further applications. This study used water as an inexpensive green solvent, for the maximum recovery of phenolics, major bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity from coffee pulp. Recovery yield from optimal aqueous extraction was compared with organic solvent extraction. The results showed that temperature, extraction time and solid/solvent ratio significantly affected recovery yields from coffee pulp (P<0.05). Optimal aqueous extraction conditions were 100 °C, 60 min and the ratio of sample to solvent 1:100 g/mL. Under these optimal conditions, recovery yields were similar to those of 50% aqueous acetone extraction. Recovery yields were significantly higher than pure acetone, methanol and ethanol as well as methanol and ethanol in combination with water (50% v/v). Therefore, these optimal aqueous conditions are recommended for recovery of bioactive compounds from coffee pulp for further applications.
Application of Six Sigma Tool for Quality Improvement-A Case Study in Manufacturing Industry

Six Sigma and Total Quality Management are methods that help organizations improve product and service quality throughout their respective workplaces. Six Sigma and Total Quality Management each have their own venue that best suits their methods. When applied in the correct manner, both Six Sigma and total quality management provide a thorough check of the organizations quality assurance. This paper includes Six sigma define phase in problem solving of cylinder head valve guide surface finish out of specification. The specification of surface finish of valve guide is 8Rz. Problem definition, Pareto analysis used for problem selection, cost of poor quality calculation, process flow diagram with the generating and inspecting stage , physical phenomenon leading to the problem are carried out in this paper in the define phase.
Phylogenetic position of the Cuban Poeciliid fish, Girardinus creolus (Cyprinodontiformes)

Girardinus creolus Garman is the most distinctive member of the endemic Cuban genus Girardinus and is distinguished by features of the gonopodium and by meristic characters. Gonopodial microstructures provide evidence that it is the sister species of all other species of Girardinus. Girardinus serripenis (Rivas) is a junior synonym of G. creolus. Girardinus creolus es el miembro mas distintivo del endemico genero cubano, Girardinus. Se distingue en base a caraicteres meristicos y gonopodiales. Las microestructuras del gonopodio proveen evidencias de que esta es la especie hermana de los otros miembros de Girardinus. Girardinus serripenis (Rivas) es sinonimo de G. creolus.
TEMPORAL COMPONENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE VARIABILITY IN EASTERN KINGBIRDS (TYRANNUS TYRANNUS)

The influences of weather and food supply on Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) reproduction were examined using data on annual (1980-1983) and seasonal variation in timing of breeding, clutch size, and egg mass in a population of kingbirds breeding in eastern Kansas, USA. Timing of breeding differed significantly among years and appeared to be related to insect abundance. Clutch size declined significantly with breeding date in all years, but differed significantly only between 1980 and 1981. A severe drought in 1980 likely depressed food availability, whereas an emergence of periodical cicadas in 1981 provided a superabundant food source. Across all years, however, clutch size varied inversely with the mean breeding date of the population, whereas average egg mass varied directly with food availability. Maximum annual differences in mean clutch and egg size were small compared to variation in food availability. I examined 10 hypotheses that have been proposed to explain seasonal changes of clutch size in birds. All but three were rejected as possible explanations for kingbirds. The tendency of older females to lay both earlier and larger clutches is probably responsible for most of the seasonal decline of clutch size, but reduced probability of survival for offspring fledged late in the breeding season and avoidance of stress in adults just prior to migration may also be contributing factors. Reduced clutch size late in the breeding period should permit females to hatch young sooner, to raise them faster, and to fledge them at higher masses. These features should increase survival of both juveniles and adults since postfledging care is long in kingbirds.
Clinico-Biochemical, Serological and Molecular Study on Tropical Theileriosis in Egyptian Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) -

The present study was planned to demonstrate the clinical findings, haematological and biochemical changes and compare the accuracy of different techniques using routine Giemsa-stained film, PCR and ELISA for diagnosis of Theileria annulata parasitaemia in Egyptian buffaloes. The study was conducted on 42 buffaloes (3-7 years old), which were divided into three groups: clinical theileriosis (n=10), contact (n=22) and control (n=10). Clinical signs included fever, enlargement of prefemoral lymph nodes, corneal opacity, dark feces, conjunctivitis, dyspnea, and drop in milk yield in lactating buffaloes. Blood films demonstrated the macro and microschizont in lymphocytes and piroplasms in erythrocytes. Haematological examination revealed anemia, neutropenia, eosinopenia, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia in clinical theileriosis group, and not in contact, compared to control. Biochemical analysis revealed significant decrease (P< 0.01) in the total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and calcium levels; whereas bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and CK, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and phosphorous were significantly increased (P< 0.01) in clinical theileriosis, and not in contact, compared to control. The prevalence rate of T. annulata based upon blood film examination, ELISA and PCR using specific primers were 23.81%, 33.33% and 42.86%, respectively. Therefore, PCR is more reliable and accurate for detection of theileriosis than other methods. Contact buffaloes should be considered as carriers unless the PCR is tested negative
Sorafenib inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell growth by targeting B-RAF in KRAS wild-type cells and C-RAF in KRAS mutant cells

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor whose targets include B-RAF and C-RAF, both of which function in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway but which also have distinct downstream targets. The relative effects of sorafenib on B-RAF and C-RAF signaling in tumor cells re-main unclear, however. We have now examined the effects of sorafenib as well as of B-RAF or C-RAF depletion by RNA interference on cell growth and ERK signaling in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with or without KRAS mutations. Sorafenibinhibited ERKphosphorylationin cellswith wild-type KRAS but not in those with mutant KRAS . Despite this dif-ference, sorafenib inhibited cell growth and induced G 1 arrest in both cell types. Depletion of B-RAF, but not that of C-RAF, inhibited ERK phosphorylation as well as suppressed cell growth and induced G 1 arrest in cells with wild-type KRAS . In contrast, depletion of C-RAF inhibited cell growth and induced G 1 arrest, without affecting ERK phosphorylation, in cells with mutant KRAS ; depletion of B-RAF did not induce G 1 arrest in these cells. These data suggest that B-RAF-ERK signaling and C-RAF signaling play the dominant roles in regulation of cell growth in NSCLC cells with wild-type or mutant KRAS , respectively. The G 1 arrest induced by either C-RAF depletion or sorafenib in cells with mutant KRAS was associated with down-regulation of cyclin E. Our results thus suggest that sorafenib inhibits NSCLC cell growth by targeting B-RAFin cells with wild-type KRAS and C-RAF in those with mutant KRAS . was calculated. Assay of anchorage-independent colony formation in soft agar. Anchorage-independent cell proliferation in soft agar was assayed with the use of a CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assay (Cell Biolabs). In brief, cells were cultured for 7 d in complete medium containing soft agar and variousconcentrationsofsorafenib.Theagarmatrixwasthensolubilized,thecellswerestainedwith3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
Nóctuidos (Lepidoptera) en cultivos de flores colombianas Noctuids (Lepidoptera) in Colombian flower crops

The noctuid species of economic importance in ornamental flower crops of Colombia are identified. The study included 15 flower-cultivating farms located in the two departments with the largest production of flowers in the country: Cundinamarca, municipalities of Bogota, Chia, Cota, El Rosal, Facatativa, Funza, Madrid, Sopo, and Tocan- cipa; and Antioquia, municipality of Rionegro. Eggs, larvae and pupae of these insects were collected and reared to the adult stage. The moths were identified employing taxonomic keys based on characters of wing maculation, and male and female genitalia. Seven noctuid species were identified. Pseudoplusia includens and Megalographa biloba were found in Cundinamarca. Spodoptera frugiperda and S. ornitogalli in the municipality of Rionegro. Agrotis ipsilon, Peri- droma saucia, and Copitarsia decolora in both states. C. decolora was found in all municipalities and hosts examined, therefore considered the most common species between the two regions. Intraspecific variation of these species is also discussed.
Evaluation of the Nutritional Value of Yellow (Lupinus Luteus) and Blue Lupine (Lupinus Angustifolius) Cultivars as Protein Sources in Rats

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional value of protein from the seeds of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) cultivars, contained in diets fed to rats. The experimental diets were based on the seeds of three yellow lupine (Mister, Markiz, Taper) or three blue lupine (Sonet, Boruta, Elf) cultivars as the only or main protein source. The nutritional value of the diets was determined based on their chemical composition and alkaloid and oligosaccharide concentrations. Lupine seeds were fed to male Wistar rats with initial body weight of approx. 112 g. Alkaloid concentrations in yellow lupine and blue lupine seeds were 0.07-0.09 g kg-1 DM and 0.26-0.39 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Oligosaccharide concentrations in yellow and blue lupine seeds were 108.0-108.9 and 65.4-67.6 g kg-1 DM, respectively. The inclusion of lupine seeds in rat diets increased fecal and urinary nitrogen losses, and decreased nitrogen retention by approx. 10%. The diets based on yellow or blue lupine seeds were characterized by lower nitrogen digestibility and lower biological value of protein than the control diet containing casein.
Solubilisation and characterisation of G-protein-coupled receptors using styrene maleic acid polymer

Detergent-free solubilisation using a polymer of styrene maleic acid (SMA) has proven useful in the study of membrane proteins. SMA was employed to solubilise G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from mammalian cells, into SMA lipid particles (SMALPs). Optimal SMALP solubilisation conditions were determined to be 2 % (w/v) SMA, at 37 °C for 1 h retaining wildtype (WT)-like pharmacological profiles and conferring improved stability on GPCRs over detergent micelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retention motifs –KDEL and –KHILFRRRRRGFRQ were found not to be applicable to all proteins. Study of SMALP-solubilisation of intracellular membranes was prevented by the inability to retain the adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR) in the ER. A cysteine-nul A2aR construct was produced containing two reporter groups and behaved as WT-A2aR. This construct is ready for use in fluorescence studies to further understanding of A2aR and the use of SMALPs in biophysical techniques. A range of GPCRs, from different GPCR subfamilies, were SMALP-solubilised with retention of ligand binding capability. Methods were successfully developed to reduce non-specific binding arising from ionic interactions of ligand and SMA. Finally, in a world first, the SMA analogue styrene maleimide, was shown to solubilise GPCRs with retention of ligand binding capability.
A Study of factors influencing a non-cyclic, island population of snowshoe hares

In this study I examined potential causes of the observed demographic differences between Jacquot Island and mainland snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations, in the southwestern Yukon. The population dynamics of snowshoe hares on Jacquot Island have been observed to differ from the dynamics of a population undergoing a "10-year cycle," such as that on the adjacent mainland. Hare densities, predation rates, reproduction and juvenile survival were all monitored on both Jacquot Island and mainland study areas. Habitat on the study sites was also examined for cover and browse availability. Jacquot Island juveniles had survival rates 3-15 fold higher than mainland juveniles. The difference in leveret survival was attributed to the lack of small mammalian predators on the island. The Jacquot Island study grids had habitat with more dense understory than that of mainland areas. The density of cover at 10 cm above the ground was positively associated with juvenile survival, and may have also contributed to the observed differences in juvenile survival rates. Differences in predation pressure on adult hares were observed between the island and mainland. I examined the influence of stochastic predation on the Jacquot Island hare population through the use of simulation models. I found that stochastic predation alone could not account for the
Genetic architecture and predictability of seedling root traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

Several genes involved in maize root development have been isolated. Identification of SNPs associated with root traits would enable the selection of maize lines with better root architecture that might help to improve N uptake, and consequently plant growth particularly under N deficient conditions. In the present study, an association study (AS) panel consisting of 74 maize inbred lines was screened for seedling root traits in 6, 10, and 14-day-old seedlings. Allele resequencing of candidate root genes Rtcl, Rth3, Rum1, and Rul1 was also carried out in the same AS panel lines. All four candidate genes displayed different levels of nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium. Gene based association analyses were carried out between individual polymorphisms in candidate genes, and root traits measured in 6, 10, and 14day-old maize seedlings. Association analyses revealed several polymorphisms within the Rtcl, Rth3, Rum1, and Rul1 genes associated with seedling root traits. Several nucleotide polymorphisms in Rtcl, Rth3, Rum1, and Rul1 were significantly (P<0.05) associated with seedling root traits in maize suggesting that all four tested genes are involved in the maize root
Towards predicting the effect of loss of intertidal feeding areas on overwintering shorebirds (Charadrii) and shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) : Refinements and tests of a model developed for the Wash, east England

1. The limitations of a model developed in an earlier study to predict the effect of salt-marsh reclamation on shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) and seven wader species (Charadrii) feeding on the Wash, east England, are addressed. The model related the numbers of each species feeding down-shore of the marsh in a 1-km broad transect to the area of mud or sand present, and thus to the width of the shore itself. 2. Three censuses of the intertidal feeding grounds were made during the winters of 1989-90. 1990-91 and 1991-92, in addition to one made in 1985-87 on which the earlier model was based, to incorporate annual variations in bird numbers into the model and to re-affirm the constancy in bird distribution. Sediment distribution was determined by satellite image analysis. The model was reformulated to include quadratic relationships. 3. The model was tested both within the Wash and on the Essex coast of east England. Within the Wash, its predictions improved as each year's census was incorporated and as predictions were made for areas of increasing size. Outside the Wash, the model predicted the numbers of all species with reasonable precision, suggesting it can be applied over a wider geographical area. 4. It was concluded that the model gives satisfactory predictions of how, in general, bird numbers would change in response to changes in shore width and sediment composition. By converting numbers to percentages, its predictions can be applied to particular areas for which the pre-change bird numbers are known. The model may also be applicable to predicting the effect of other changes that directly or indirectly reduce the shore width; for example, barrage construction, sea-level rise and disturbance.