Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaching of Iron, Controlling Factors and Implication to Arsenic Mobilization in an aquifer of the Brahmaputra Floodplain

To understand the process of iron leaching and arsenic (As) mobilization, three bore wells were drilled in suspected iron and arsenic enriched areas of Jorhat, Assam, India, to study possible release and mobilization process in the aquifer. Sediments and groundwater samples, collected from different depths in these boreholes were analyzed for different parameters. Combined Eh-pH stability diagram of iron and arsenic indicated the presence of Fe (II) and As (III) species in the groundwater. BCR three step sequential extraction method indicated relative mobility of Fe and As in a similar trend of decreasing order as: Residual fraction > Reducible fraction > Exchangeable fraction > Oxidizable fraction. The digestion of aquifer sediments by D 3974-81, (ASTM) showed Fe (106 mg/kg to 26991 mg/kg), Mn (7 mg/kg to 1588 mg/kg), As (0.16 mg/kg to 18.6 mg/kg). The morphology and mineralogy of the aquifer sediments, studied by scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the levels of Fe and As concentrations in the aquifer sediments. Sequential heating in the muffle furnace indicated organic content (0.01 % to 13.7 %) and carbonate content (0.15 % to 9.19 %) of aquifer sediments. Laser particle size analyser was used to find the specific surface area of the sediments (0.02 m2/g to 0.19 m2/g). The lithology of the soil consisted of silt, very fine sand, fine sand, medium sand and fine gravel. The relationship between Fe, Mn, As, organic content, carbonate content and specific surface area of the sediments along the depth for different bore holes was interpreted separately including with the help of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In multiple linear regression models, the experimentally found and predicted concentrations of iron correlated as 0.83 for B bore hole and 0.87 for E bore hole, whereas correlation coefficients for arsenic concentration were 0.88 in B bore hole and 0.80 in E bore hole. With the help of the linear regression models, the correlation between these elements and the factors controlling their concentrations were evaluated.
The hierarchical build-up of the Tully-Fisher relation

We use the semi-analytic model GalICS to predict the Tully–Fisher relation in the B, I and K bands, and its evolution with redshift, up to z ∼ 1. We refined the determination of the disc galaxies rotation velocity, with a dynamical recipe for the rotation curve, rather than a simple conversion from the total mass to maximum velocity. The new recipe takes into account the disc shape factor, and the angular momentum transfer occurring during secular evolution leading to the formation of bulges. This produces model rotation velocities that are lower by ∼30 km s −1 in case of Milky Way like objects, and ≤20–30 km s −1 for the majority of the spirals, amounting to an average effect of ∼20–25 per cent. We implemented stellar population models with a complete treatment of the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch, which leads to a revision of the mass-to-light ratio in the near-IR. Due to this effect, K-band luminosities increase by ∼0.5 at redshift z = 0 and by > 1a tz = 3, while in the I band at the same redshifts the increase amounts to ∼0.3 and ∼0.5 mag. With these two new recipes in place, the comparison between the predicted Tully–Fisher relation with a series of data sets in the optical and near-infrared, at redshifts between 0 and 1, is used as a diagnostics of the assembly and evolution of spiral galaxies in the model. At redshifts 0.4 < z < 1.2 the match between the new model and data is remarkably good, especially for later-type spirals (Sb/Sc). At z = 0 the new model shows a net improvement in comparison with its original version of 2003, and in accordance with recent observations in the K band, the model Tully–Fisher also shows a morphological differentiation. However, in all bands the z = 0 model Tully–Fisher is too bright. We argue that this behaviour is caused by inadequate star formation histories in the model galaxies at low redshifts. The star formation rate declines too slowly, due to continuous gas infall that is not efficiently suppressed. An analysis of the model disc scalelengths, at odds with observations, hints to some missing physics in the modelling of disc formation inside dark matter haloes.
Virtualization Technology for Optimizing Server Resource Usage

Data and information needs for large organizations rely heavily on information technology infrastructure support. One of the necessary supporting components is the availability of a sufficient number of servers to increase data center. The huge costs required to increase the number of server units. Virtualization technology can be the perfect solution to resolve these problems. However, due to the high cost of a license, causing an open source-based virtualization used as the main option, namely Proxmox. The application virtualization based Proxmox, can maximize the use of resources, because the function of 3 units of physical servers can be enabled simultaneously on 1 physical server unit. The presence of live migration feature of Proxmox, allowing to move a virtual machine from one physical server to another physical server when maintenance underway. This change can take place without stopping services running on virtual machine.
Study The Effect of Diffrent Two Materials Used to Secur Locator Attachments on Marginal Bone Loss of Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture

This study was to evaluate the effect of two different types of housing securing materials on bone hight changes using Radiographic evaluation by using cone beam CT. of Locator retained mandibular overdenture. All patient received Locator attachments. The patients were divided into two groups according to resilient or hard the securing material.Radiographic evaluation by using cone beam CT was done for all patients after 12 months. After radiographic evaluation the securing materials were change for each group (The first group was used self-cure acrylic resin for securing the housing of locator. While, the second group used soft liner). The results of the study showed minimal marginal bone loss in soft liner group, at the end of 12 months follow-up period indicating a significant difference between the two groups.
Economic appraisal of production flexibility in different regions of the Brazilian sugar and ethanol industry

Purpose – The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the value of flexibility within sugar and ethanol production. We use real data for the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil, which are subject to different taxes rates. Design/methodology/approach – The framework of this study is based on Real Options valuation. We valued the option to switch between sugar and ethanol production. The dynamics of prices was based on the recombinant trees of Nelson and Ramaswamy (1990) and on the bivariate trees of Hahn e Dyer (2011). Empirical data is from the Center of Advanced and Applied Economic Studies (CEPEA), ESALQ-USP, from May/2003 through July/2014. Prices were deflated using the Brazilian Price Index (IGP-DI), available at the Ipeadata site based on July/2014. Findings – The results show that, in both regions, flexible systems have greater value than those that produce only one product. Southeast plants exhibit greater value added if compared with Northeast plants, not only because of lower taxes, but also due to higher productivity. Originality/value – This paper quantifies value added by the flexible system in the production of sugar and ethanol in two Brazilian regions subject to different taxes. Moreover, it demonstrates that regulators can use policies and incentives to establish flexible plants. In this way, both producers and fiscal authorities will achieve greater gains.
Qualitative composition and extractability of grape skin tannins during the ripening period. Role of the extraction solvent

Aims: The changes that skin tannins undergo during ripening, which are crucial for their extractability and transfer to wine, were followed in Monastrell grape skins. To elucidate whether the commonly used analytical method involving extraction with 70 % acetone overestimates the quantity of tannins that could be extracted during the winemaking process, the extraction with aqueous 12.5 % ethanol was also monitored throughout the ripening period.Methods and results: When 70 % acetone was used as extraction solvent, the results showed that skin tannin concentration decreased towards maturity. When tannins were extracted with 12.5 % ethanol, their concentration during the first part of maturation was much higher than that obtained with the acetone extraction. However, both methods gave similar quantitative results for the last sampling dates, although the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of the extracted tannins was significantly lower using the ethanol method.Conclusions: The acetone method provides, for ripe grapes, an accurate prediction of what may be quantitatively extracted by a fermenting medium, although it overestimates the tannin mDP.Significance and impact of the study: The structural composition of tannins (and not only their concentration) might be essential for defining the sensorial characteristics of the wine and the differences observed in tannin mDP between the acetone and the ethanol method may be of importance when predicting wine organoleptic characteristics.
Identification of Trichiurus (Pisces: Trichiuridae) Eggs and Larvae from Korea, with a Taxonomic Note

The hairtail (currently recognized as Trichiurus lepturus in Korea) is one of the most important commercial fish species in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Because the amount of catches has been steadily declining, we must determine the early life stages of the hairtail from the viewpoint of resource management. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of the hairtail is unclear among ichthyologists, potentially creating management difficulties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare morphological and molecular information on eggs, larvae, and adults of hairtail from Korea with that of T. lepturus from the Atlantic Ocean, and to review the taxonomic status of the hairtail. A total of 510 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences of 12 eggs, 2 larvae, and 11 adults of the hairtail from the Korean waters clearly matched those of Trichiurus japonicus adults (d = 0.000-0.014) from the East China Sea rather than those of T. lepturus (d = 0.100-0.110) from the Atlantic Ocean. Our results also showed that larvae of the Korean hairtail are different than those in the Atlantic Ocean in having no melanophores along the ventral edge of the lower jaw. Therefore, our findings suggest that the hairtail in the Korean waters may not be T. lepturus, but T. japonicus.
Genetic structure of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) based on retrotransposon-based markers

Habibollahi H. , Z. Noormohammadi, M. SheidaI, F. Farahani (2015): Genetic structure of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) based on retrotransposon-based markersGenetika, Vol 47, No. 3, 1111-1122. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the most important fiber and oil crop plants cultivated since ancient time. The flax seeds contain high amount of omega3-fatty acids and biologically active lignans. In spite of economic importance of cultivated flax, no information is available on its genetic variability and population structure in Iran. Therefore, we used six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and 15 combined IRAP markers to reveal within and among population genetic diversity in this crop plant. We used 30 randomly selected plants in three geographical populations for present investigation. AMOVA test produced significant genetic difference (PhiPT = 0.40, P = 0.010) among the studied populations and also revealed that, 40% of total genetic variability was due to within population diversity while, 60% was due to among population genetic differentiation. Gst (0.78, P = 0.001), Hedrick, standardised fixation index (G'st = 0.83, P = 0.001), revealed that the studied populations are genetically differentiated. STRUCTURE plot based on admixture model revealed that the studied populations differed extensively in their genetic content, but some degree of shared alleles occurred between them. Some adaptive IRAP loci were identified by LFMM analysis. These loci were private alleles restricted to geographical populations. Data obtained may be used in breeding and hybridization program of flax in the country.
Surface hardening of Al 7075 alloy by diffusion treatments of electrolytic Ni coatings

Asurface hardening process based on Ni coating and subsequent diffusion heat treatments was studied for Al7075 alloy. Nickel coatings with different thickness on 7075 Al alloy were obtained by electrolytic and electroless processes . Heat treatments in inert atmosphere at 500 °C and 530 °C for different times were performed in order to obtain surface hardening of the aluminum alloy by diffusion of Ni into the substrate. The effect of temperature and time on the depth of hardening was studied by SEM, EDS, Glow discharge optical spectrometry, microhardness tests and tribological tests. Surface hardness higher than 1000 HV and depth of hardening higher than 100 mm were achieved by diffusion of Ni layers and formation of Al3Ni2 and Al3Ni intermetallic phases . The tribological test on Al7075 alloy against a hard Cr coated steel cylinder in air showed an average coefficient of friction ? of about 0.5 with a wide variation range, while all the coated and treated samples exhibited a coefficient friction of about 0.7. However, the wear scar depth of the hardened alloy is about 30 times lower than that of the Al 7075 alloy.
Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression

This Paper Proposes Some New Tests for Detecting the Presence of a Unit Root in Quite General Time Series Modesl. Our Approach Is Nonparametric with Respect to Nuisance Parameters and Thereby Allows for a Very Wide Class of Weakly Dependent and Possibly Heterogeneously Distributed Data. the Tests Accomodate Models with a Fitted Drift and a Time Trend So That They May Be Used to Discriminate Between Unit Root Nonstationarity and Stationarity About a Deterministic Trend. the Limiting Distributions of the Statistics Are Obtained Under Both the Unit Root Null and a Sequence of Local Alternatives. Th Latter Noncentral Distribution Theory Yields Local Asymptotic Power Functions for the Tests. These Are Compared with Alternative Procedures Due to Dickey and Fuller. an Exemple Is Provided.
Climate teleconnections influence on West Africa's terrestrial water storage

There is some evidence of rapid changes in the global atmosphere and hydrological cycle caused by the influence of climate variability. In West Africa, such changes impact directly on water resources leading to incessant extreme hydro‐meteorological conditions. This study examines the association of three global climate teleconnections—El‐Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO) with changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) derived from both Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA, 1980–2015) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE, 2002–2014). In the Sahel region, positive phase of AMO coincided with above‐normal rainfall (wet conditions) and the negative phase with drought conditions and confirms the observed statistically significant association (r = 0.62) between AMO and the temporal evolutions of standardised precipitation index. This relationship corroborates the observed presence of AMO‐driven TWS in much of the Sahel region (though considerably weak in some areas). Although ENSO appears to be more associated with GRACE‐derived TWS over the Volta basin (r=−0.40), this study also shows a strong presence of AMO‐ and ENSO‐induced TWS derived from MERRA reanalysis data in the coastal West African countries and most of the regions below latitude 10°N. The observed presence of ENSO‐ and AMO‐driven TWS is noticeable in tropical areas with relatively high annual/bimodal rainfall and strong inter‐annual variations in surface water. The AMO has a wider footprint and sphere of influence on the region's TWS and suggests the important role of North Atlantic Ocean. IOD‐related TWS also exists in West Africa and its influence on the region's hydrology maybe secondary and somewhat complementary. Nonetheless, presumptive evidence from the study indicates that ENSO and AMO are the two major climatic indices more likely to impact on West Africa's TWS.
Delinking of Local and International Prices: Exploring Competition in the Bangladesh Rice Market

We take a broader perspective on the issue of recent price increases in the domestic rice market in Bangladesh. The query that follows is that: what exactly is the nature of competition at different stages of the domestic rice market of Bangladesh? This can be addressed only if we examine the agents, their strategies and incentives at different stages of the rice market value chain. The structure of rice markets in Bangladesh is generally considered to be competitive. But it is entirely possible that market operates quite competitively within one stage, whereas competition is much restricted within another stage. Instead of analyzing competition in the entire market as a single entity, it would be appropriate to analyze competition in each and every stage of the market. Therefore, this study focuses on particular aspects of market competitiveness by explaining incentives and behaviors of different agents in the market, particularly those of large firms operating in the middle of the rice market supply chain. We have examined pricing decisions and bargaining by agents at different stages of the market. We have also studied scope for collusive behavior among large firms in setting prices. In addition, we examined the relationships between the international prices of rice and the domestic wholesale prices.
Institutional Intervention on Inertia and Improving the Women Faculty in Higher Education

Women remain under-represented among full time tenured/tenure science and engineering faculty at research universities in the United States despite their increasing availability in the employment pool. In response, intervention strategies aimed at boosting their participation have been introduced at university and representation may be challenged by demographic inertia, the the maintenance of the entrenched despite improvements in effectiveness of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s ADVANCE institutional intervention program at curtailing demographic inertia at a research university dubbed ‘Snow State University inertia’s impact on women’s representation was lessened during ADVANCE. Yet to achieve long-lasting improvements in women’s repres universities will need to increase their recruitment of women at the associate and full professor ranks while maintaining promotion and retention probabilities favorable to women over the
ACTA POLYTECHNICA, 2001, to be published. PROSPECTS FOR ADVANCED ENGINEERING DESIGN BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT

Current approaches to the design of structures are based on the concept of target probability of failure. This value is, however, often specified on the basis of comparative studies and past experience only. Moreover, the traditional probabilistic approach cannot properly consider gross errors and accidental situations, both becoming every year more and more frequent causes of failure. The submitted paper shows that it is useful to supplement the probabilistic design procedure by the risk analysis and assessment, which can take into account consequences of all unfavourable events. It is anticipated that in a near future the advanced engineering design would include criteria of acceptable risks in addition to the traditional probabilistic conditions. NOTATION g(x) Performance (limit state) function. Cij Consequences of the events Eij. Ctot Total expected cost. Eij Events. Hi Hazard situation i. H1 Hazard situation under normal conditions. H2 Hazard situation due to fire. P(F/Hi) Probability of failure F given the situation Hi. pF Probability of failure F. pd Target probability of failure. pf Probability P(F|H2) of structural failure during fire. pfi,s Probability of fire start P(H2). pfi,d Conditional probabilities of fire flashover given H2. pfi Probability of fire flashover. pt,fi Target probability of structural failure under fire design situation. x Generic point of the vector of basic variables. X Vector of basic variables. β Reliability index ϕX(x) Probability density function of the vector of basic variables X. ΦX(x) Distribution function of the vector of basic variables X.
The Media’s Influence in Everyday Life on Women’s Perception of Body Image

Many women are not satisfied with their current body figures and frequently attempt to improve their figure. Body image discrepancies occur when a comparison between “actual” self to either “ought” or “ideal” selves don’t match up. If there is a difference between these two self-guides then a discrepancy exists. According to a national survey, half of women report negative evaluations of their appearance and worry about being or becoming overweight. One of the strongest socio-cultural pressures that women face with their body image is the media, such as magazines and television. Studies have shown that when exposed to thin body images depicted in the media, women often experience body dissatisfaction. Studies on the media and body dissatisfaction have, in general, only been conducted in a laboratory setting, which has limited ecological validity. Additionally, some findings are problematic because self-reported data can be systematically biased if they require participants to recall information over long periods of time. This study uses Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to record daily media usage and body image discrepancies in participants’ natural environment at the moment(s) it occurs. During a two-week period, 63 female college undergraduates carried a Palm Pilot and when an alarm sounded (5 times daily) they reported television and magazine usage and body image discrepancies. On average, women reported having watched television during 28% of the assessments. During these times, they most often watched comedies (37.7% of the time), dramas (23.2%) and reality programs (23%). Individuals read magazines during 3% of the reports, most commonly read beauty (65.2%) and gossip magazines (42.5%). Results show that women reported body image dissatisfaction yet there was no momentary relationship between media exposure and body image discrepancy in these women’s daily lives. Women reporting more self-objectification or disordered eating watched more television and read more magazines, respectively. Discussion addresses future directions relating EMA usage and body image discrepancy and other ways media effects women. Female body image and media 3