Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach

The computing world today is in the middle of a revolution: mobile clients and cloud computing have emerged as the dominant paradigms driving programming and hardware innovation today. The Fifth Edition of Computer Architecture focuses on this dramatic shift, exploring the ways in which software and technology in the "cloud" are accessed by cell phones, tablets, laptops, and other mobile computing devices. Each chapter includes two real-world examples, one mobile and one datacenter, to illustrate this revolutionary change. Updated to cover the mobile computing revolutionEmphasizes the two most important topics in architecture today: memory hierarchy and parallelism in all its forms.Develops common themes throughout each chapter: power, performance, cost, dependability, protection, programming models, and emerging trends ("What's Next")Includes three review appendices in the printed text. Additional reference appendices are available online.Includes updated Case Studies and completely new exercises.
Modular organization of motor control during dynamic tasks

Description: Human locomotion is characterized by an apparently complex control of many degrees of freedom. It has been suggested that the central nervous system optimizes muscle recruitment by using muscle synergies or motor modules, which are investigated by using non-negative matrix factorization of the EMG signals. Human bipedalism increases instability and the specific mechanisms involved in balance control during locomotion are well known, but the general control of human locomotion during perturbed conditions is only partially investigated.
Video Compression Demystified

From the Publisher: The Complete Guide to Video Compression Video compression is the magic behind digital TV,videoconferencing,DVDs,and Internet video. In Video Compression Demystified,specialist Peter Symes paints the full video compression picture in a friendly,not-too-big,not-too-technical introduction that explains what happens in compression,why compression works,and what will stop it from working. You'll explore all the major compression standardsJPEG,MPEG-2,and morestarting with the basics and moving on to compression tools,performance considerations,transmission/storage quality,transport schemes,and audio considerations. You MUST read this guide if you're a Web site or multimedia developer. produce or sell video products,or are thinking of doing so. cover the entertainment,Internet,or technology beat as a reporter or financial analyst  0r you simply want to be up to speed on this fascinating new technology of key importance to the entertainment and communications industries. "Symes's well-written explanations and heavily illustrated examples of video compression make this important topic accessible to readers at all levels. His book is recommended reading for all new members of my group. " TAKE THE MYSTERY OUT OF— The core technology of digital TV. Digital HDTV. Movies on DVD. Videoconferencing,streaming video,video on the web. Delivering video on demand. Scrunching vast image files through narrow bandwidths quickly. The Complete Guide to Video Compression for Internet,Hobby,and Professional Use Video compression is how enormous image data files get shrunk for fast transmissionwithout significant loss of visual quality. It's the magic behind digital TV,videoconferencing,DVDs,and Internet video. Now is the time to learn about video compressionhow to do it and how to use it. Peter Symes,a video compression specialist,paints the full video compression picture in this friendly,not-too-big,not-too-technical introduction. This is not a detailed implementation book,but it does explain what happens in compression,why compression works,and what will stop it from working. You MUST read it if. *you want to understand the fundamental concepts of compression *you read the MPEG Standard but didn't understand it *you read books on MPEG and didn't understand them *you're a Web site or multimedia developer *you're in the audio/video business *you're a video technology professional or IT consultant *you produce or sell video products,or are thinking of doing so *you cover the entertainment,Internet,or technology beat as a reporter or financial analyst *you can't afford expensive compression courses *you're a technovideophile *you simply want to be up to speed on this fascinating new technology of key importance to the entertainment and communications industries CD-ROM Included Encoders and decoders for DCT,wavelet,and fractal algorithms; video samples galore.
PRISC: programmable reduced instruction set computers

This thesis introduces Programmable Reduced Instruction Set Computers (PRISC) as a new class of general-purpose computers. PRISC use RISC techniques as a base, but in addition to the conventional RISC instruction resources, PRISC offer hardware programmable resources which can be configured based on the needs of a particular application. This thesis presents the architecture, operating system, and programming language compilation techniques which are needed to successfully build PRISC. Performance results are provided for the simplest form of PRISC--a RISC microprocessor with a set of programmable functional units consisting of only combinational functions. Results for the SPECint92 benchmark suite indicate that an augmented compiler can provide a performance improvement of 22% over the underlying RISC computer with a hardware area investment less than that needed for a 2 kilobyte SRAM. In addition, active manipulation of the source code leads to significantly higher local performance gains (250%-500%) for general abstract data types such as short-set vectors, hash tables, and finite state machines. Results on end-user applications that utilize these data types indicate a performance gain from 32%-213%.
Dynamically weighted time-delay neural networks for functional approximation

The existing multilayer neural networks are not ideally suited for functional approximation of biological activities as they do not capture the time-related dynamics of biological events. We present a dynamically weighted time-delay neural network (DWTDNN) which is more suited for computations on temporal patterns from biological events. We use this network for modeling the time-series data from fMRI experiments and compare the results with those obtained using existing models of fMRI response.
Hybrid MEMS optical scanner for volumetric 3‐D displays

Abstract— A fabrication technique and characteristics of high‐power‐handling microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) optical scanners for laser 3‐D volumetric‐image display application is reported. The MEMS scanner is designed to control the reflection of high‐power YAG‐laser beam by using the optomechanical combination of a dielectric‐film‐coated mirror cube and an electrostatic‐MEMS‐scanner platform. These hybrid‐type MEMS optical scanners have a stroke of about 20° at resonant frequencies of 600 Hz when a 45‐V pulse voltage is applied.
Multiple Model Approaches to Modelling and Control

1. Basic Principles: The Operating Regime Approach 2. Modelling: Fuzzy Set Methods for Local Modelling Identification 3. Modelling of Electrically Stimulated Muscle 4. Process Modelling Using a Functional State Approach 5. Markov Mixtures of Experts 6. Active Learning With Mixture Models 7. Local Learning in Local Model Networks 8. Side Effects of Normalising Basic Functions 9. Control: Heterogeneous Control Laws 10. Local Laguerre Models 11. Multiple Model Adaptive Control 12. H Control Using Multiple Linear Models 13. Synthesis of Fuzzy Control Systems Based on Linear Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models
Mesh Adaption and Automatic Differentiation for Optimal Shape Design(Domain Decomposition Methods and Related Topics)

Abstract A new approach for optimal shape design based on a CAD-free framework for shape and unstructured mesh deformations, automatic differentiation for the gradient computation and mesh adaption by metric control is presented. The CAD-free framework is shown to be particularly convenient for optimization when the mesh connectivities and control space size are variable during optimization. Constrained optimizations for subsonic, transonic and supersonic regimes have been investigated.
Profiling the parameters of models with linear predictors

Profiles of the likelihood can be used for the construction of confidence intervals for parameters, as well as to assess features of the likelihood surface such as local maxima, asymptotes, etc., which can affect the performance of asymptotic procedures. The profile methods of the R language (stats and MASS packages) can be used for profiling the likelihood function for several classes of fitted objects, such as glm and polr. However, the methods are limited to cases where the profiles are almost quadratic in shape and can fail, for example, in cases where the profiles have an asymptote. Furthermore, often the likelihood is replaced by an alternative objective for either the improvement of the properties of the estimator, or for computational efficiency when the likelihood has a complicated form (see, for example, Firth (1993) for a maximum penalized likelihood approach to bias-reduction, and Lindsay (1988) for composite likelihood methods, respectively). Alternatively, estimation might be performed by using a set of estimating equations which do not necessarily correspond to a unique objective to be optimized, as in quasi-likelihood estimation (Wedderburn, 1974; McCullagh, 1983) and in generalized estimating equations for models for clustered and longitudinal data (Liang & Zeger, 1986). In all of the above cases, the construction of confidence intervals can be done using the profiles of appropriate objective functions in the same way as the likelihood profiles. For example, in the case of bias-reduction in logistic regression via maximum penalized likelihood, Heinze & Schemper (2002) suggest to use the profiles of the penalized likelihood, and when estimation is via a set of estimating equations Lindsay & Qu (2003) suggest the use of profiles of appropriate quadratic score functions. In this presentation we introduce the profileModel package, which generalizes the capabilities of the current profile methods to arbitrary, user-specified objectives and, also, covers a variety of current and potentially future implementations of fitting procedures that relate to models with linear predictors. We give examples of how the package can be used to calculate, evaluate and plot the profiles of the objectives, as well as to construct profile-based confidence intervals. The presentation focuses on the following:
The Bit Probe Model for Membership Queries: Non-Adaptive Bit Queries

We will look at variants of bit vectors. Is there a way to still have O(1) bit queries but use U cells of 1-bit each? We will see in Section 2 that the answer is YES. We will now define the bit probe model. We only define and (for now) work with the non-adaptive case where all of the queries are made at the same time. Formally we should include the phrase “nonadaptive” but will omit it in this treatment.
Register allocation via graph coloring

Chaitin and his colleagues at IBM in Yorktown Heights built the first global register allocator based on graph coloring. This thesis describes a series of improvements and extensions to the Yorktown allocator. There are four primary results: (1) Optimistic coloring. Chaitin's coloring heuristic pessimistically assumes any node of high degree will not be colored and must therefore be spilled. By optimistically assuming that nodes of high degree will receive colors, I often achieve lower spill costs and faster code; my results are never worse. (2) Coloring pairs. The pessimism of Chaitin's coloring heuristic is emphasized when trying to color register pairs. My heuristic handles pairs as a natural consequence of its optimism. (3) Rematerialization. Chaitin et al. introduced the idea of rematerialization to avoid the expense of spilling and reloading certain simple values. By propagating rematerialization information around the SSA graph using a simple variation of Wegman and Zadeck's constant propagation techniques, I discover and isolate a larger class of such simple values. (4) Live range splitting. Chow and Hennessy's technique, priority-based coloring, includes a form of live range splitting. By aggressively splitting live ranges at selected points before coloring, I am able to incorporate live range splitting into the framework of Chaitin's allocator. Additionally, I report the results of experimental studies measuring the effectiveness of each of my improvements. I also report the results of an experiment suggesting that priority-based coloring requires O($n\sp2$) time and that the Yorktown allocator requires only O(n log n) time. Finally, I include a chapter describing many implementation details and including further measurements designed to provide an accurate intuition about the time and space requirements of coloring allocators.
Automatic error pattern generation for design error detection in a design validation simulation system

Considering the fact that simulation patterns can detect a different number of design errors, the derivation of efficient simulation patterns is important. Automatic error pattern generation is introduced to generate a set of error simulation pattern which can be used as input stimuli for design error simulation, a design validation tool which provides a measure of simulation coverage. These tools provide a solution to a long standing problem that has limited design options and design cycle time. They also can decrease design and testing costs. <<ETX>>
Developing a Model to Describe the Use of Context Knowledge in Data Explorations

This study aimed to examine the role knowledge of context plays in supporting or interfering with middle school students’ statistical thinking. A model of context knowledge use was developed based on a model of context support developed by Beck, McKeown and McCaslin (1983) to describe students’ use of context knowledge. The results of the study showed that students’ use of context knowledge fell into three categories.
Efficient All-to-All Communication Patterns in Hypercube and Mesh Topologies

Some application programs on distributed memory parallel computers occasionally require an "all-to-all" communication pattern, where each compute node must send a distinct message to each other compute node. Assuming that each node can send and receive only one message at a t ime, the all-to-all pattern must be implemented as a sequence of phases in which certain nodes send and receive messages. r f there are p compute nodes, then at least p-1 phases are needed to complete the operation. A proof of a schedule achieving this lower bound on a circuit switched hypercube with fuced routing is given. This lower bound cannot be achieved on a 2 dimensional mesh. On an axa mesh, dl4 is shown to be a lower bound and a schedule with this number of phases is given. Whether hypercubes or meshes are better for this algorithm depends on the relative bandwidths of the communication channels.
A software architecture for real-time volume data exploration on PC-based platforms

A software architecture is presented for real-time exploration of volumetric data on PCbased platforms using human computer interface (HCI) technologies ranging from mousekeyboard through to multi-screen virtual reality (VR) display with motion tracking. Voxel datasets in the range of 1 GB to 100 GB are targetted, with data from the Visible Human Project being chosen for system demonstration. The architecture is modular: the base program provides efficient display of intersecting orthogonal planes; separately compiled plugin modules provide more advanced 3-D rendering including surface fitting (SF) and direct volume rendering (DVR). Real-time display is provided using OpenGL. Semi-transparent rendering is correctly supported, through currently fails within regions that contain hybrid SF-DVR rendering. Script interfaces ensure code reusability and allow it to be readily reconfigured for particular HCI operation.
Improving network intrusion detection through soft computing and natural immunology

While it is critical to have the mechanisms capable of preventing security violations, for most modern massively interconnected networks, complete prevention of security breaches is not practical. Intrusion detection can be regarded as an alternative, or as a compromise to this situation. This paper discusses the shortcomings of some of the more traditional approaches used in intrusion detection systems. An alternative view that may provide better security systems, based on adopting the design principles from the natural immune systems, is also presented. The advantages of approximate reasoning and soft computing to provide tolerance to imprecision are also considered.
A ray splitting model for indoor radio propagation associated with complex geometries

A ray-splitting method is presented for analysis of wave propagation in an indoor environment associated with wideband cordless radio channels. A compact bundle of rays emanating from a radio source splits up into new rays periodically to maintain a nearly constant spatial resolution, independent of the distance between source and any scatterer. Wedge diffraction is considered additionally in a simplified manner. This method predicts simultaneously mean values of the impulse response of an indoor radio channel from a signal source to a number of receivers with specified locations and antenna patterns. A comparison of predicted and measured data within an office building shows good agreement.
When is the object relative clause easier to process than the subject relative clause? (思考と言語)

Subject relative clauses (SRCs) are processed more easily than object relative clauses (ORCs) in many languages. The present study aims to test the theories that have tried to explain why such an asymmetry exists in relative clause processing, focusing on the PDC approach (Gennari & MacDonald, 2008, 2009) that assumes that production, corpus distribution, and comprehension are closely related to each other. We conducted a gated sentence completion experiment and a self-paced reading experiment. Although the results do not show complete agreement between production and comprehension, the PDC approach captures many aspects of our results that is difficult to cover by other theories. Keyword Sentence processing,relative clause,self-paced reading task,gated sentence completion task
The ENVISAT Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS)

The Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) for the Envisat polar orbit mission, belongs to a new generation of ocean colour sensors which will yield a major improvement in the knowledge of such crucial processes as the ocean contribution to the carbon cycle. MERIS is an imaging spectrometer operated in a pushbroom mode which measures the radiance backscattered by the Earth in fifteen spectral bands located in the 390 nm-1040 nm part of the spectrum. The instrument covers a swath of 1150 km and offers a dual spatial resolution. The instrument is equipped with a high stability on-board calibration unit based on diffuser plates which are Sun illuminated.
Space is the machine: A configurational theory of architecture

Since The social logic of space was published in 1984, Bill Hillier and his colleagues at University College London have been conducting research on how space features in the form and functioning of buildings and cities. A key outcome is the concept of â€˜spatial configurationâ€™ â€” meaning relations which take account of other relations in a complex. New techniques have been developed and applied to a wide range of architectural and urban problems. The aim of this book is to assemble some of this work and show how it leads the way to a new type of theory of architecture: an â€˜analyticâ€™ theory in which understanding and design advance together. The success of configurational ideas in bringing to light the spatial logic of buildings and cities suggests that it might be possible to extend these ideas to other areas of the human sciences where problems of configuration and pattern are critical.
Sensor Data Fusion for Road Obstacle Detection

Obstacle detection is an essential task for autonomous robots. In particular, in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicles (cars, trucks, buses, etc.) can be considered as robots; the development of Advance Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS), such as collision mitigation, collision avoidance, pre-crash or Automatic Cruise Control, requires that reliable road obstacle detection systems are available. To perform obstacle detection, various approaches have been proposed, depending on the sensor involved: telemeters like radar (Skutek et al., 2003) or laser scanner (Labayrade et al., 2005; Mendes et al., 2004), cooperative detection systems (Griffiths et al., 2001; Von Arnim et al., 2007), or vision systems. In this particular field, monocular vision generally exploits the detection of specific features like edges, symmetry (Bertozzi et al., 2000), color (Betke & Nguyen, 1998) (Yamaguchi et al., 2006) or even saliency maps (Michalke et al., 2007). Anyway, most monocular approaches suppose recognition of specific objects, like vehicles or pedestrians, and are therefore not generic. Stereovision is particularly suitable for obstacle detection (Bertozzi & Broggi, 1998; Labayrade et al., 2002; Nedevschi et al., 2004; Williamson, 1998), because it provides a tri-dimensional representation of the road scene. A critical point about obstacle detection for the aimed automotive applications is reliability: the detection rate must be high, while the false detection rate must remain extremely low. So far, experiments and assessments of already developed systems show that using a single sensor is not enough to meet these requirements: due to the high complexity of road scenes, no single sensor system can currently reach the expected 100% detection rate with no false positives. Thus, multi-sensor approaches and fusion of data from various sensors must be considered, in order to improve the performances. Various fusion strategies can be imagined, such as merging heterogeneous data from various sensors (Steux et al., 2002). More specifically, many authors proposed cooperation between an active sensor and a vision system, for instance a radar with mono-vision (Sugimoto et al., 2004), a laser scanner with a camera (Kaempchen et al., 2005), a stereovision rig (Labayrade et al., 2005), etc. Cooperation between mono and stereovision has also been investigated (Toulminet et al., 2006). 16