Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Esp Enterococcal Surface Protein and Bacteroides Markers in Water Samples

Finding the source of fecal pollution in various water resources has been becoming globally important. Molecular marker detection is the most reliable method for bacterial tracking. Since, rapidness is an important factor for the detection of water contamination, we have assessed the detection of water fecal contamination within a short period of time. In this study, twenty-two water samples, including 12 surface water from two rivers in East and West of Tehran (Iran) and 10 water samples from private wells were collected. In addition, five samples were collected from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) located in the West of Tehran. All of the samples were tested for the presence of fecal coliforms by Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed for detection of enterococcal surface protein (Esp) and Bacteroides 16S rRNA. Direct extraction and colony extraction were simultaneously done for the detection of enterococcal contamination. The results showed that the coliform concentration for water samples ranged from >3->1100 MPN/100 mL. The PCR for esp was positive for 5 (23%) water samples. No samples were positive for 16S rRNA for Bacteroides with the exception of the samples obtained from the STP. Our results indicated that using PCR method directly following optimizing DNA extraction from environmental water sources is not suitable for the detection of human enterococcal contamination, while the use of colony extraction method is preferable.
Evaluation of NLG in an end-to-end Spoken dialogue system- is it worth it?

In the past 10 years, only around 15% of published conference papers include some kind of extrinsic evaluation of an NLG component in an end-to-end system. These types of evaluations are costly to set-up and run, so is it worth it? Is there anything to be gained over and above intrinsic quality measures obtained in off-line experiments? In this paper, we describe a case study of evaluating two variants of an NLG surface realiser and show that there are significant differences in both extrinsic measures and intrinsic measures. These significant differences would need to be factored into future iterations of the component and therefore, we conclude that extrinsic evaluations are worthwhile.
Psychophysiological Evidence of an Autocorrelation Mechanism in the Human Auditory System

This article details a model for evaluations of sound quality in the human auditory system. The model includes an autocorrelation function (ACF) mechanism. Thus, we conducted physiological and psychological experiments to search for evidence of the ACF mechanism in the human auditory system. To evaluate physiological responses related to the peak amplitude of the ACF of an auditory signal, which represents the degree of temporal regularity of the sound, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record auditory evoked fields (AEFs). To evaluate psychological responses related to the envelope of the ACF of an auditory signal, which is a measure of the repetitive features of an auditory signal, we examined perceptions of loudness and annoyance. The results of the MEG experiments showed that the amplitude of the N1m, which is found above the left and right temporal lobes around 100 ms after stimulus onset, was a function of the peak amplitude and its delay time or the degree of envelope decay of the ACF. The results of the psychological experiments indicated that loudness and annoyance increased for sounds with envelope decay of the ACF in a certain range. These results suggest that an autocorrelation mechanism exists in the human auditory system.
Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Network using Key Based Approach

Network security has become more important to personal computer users, organizations and the military. The internet is consider as a data network. Data Aggregation is a process of collecting information from surrounding area based on the query arrives from base station and respond or send data to the base station. Here data transmission is taking place using key value and report will be generated as key. In this paper we are going to demonstrate key based approach on the bases of public key cryptosystem. This approach which make data encryption using MD5 algorithm and key generation will be taken place using SHA-1 algorithm both are widely used in security related application. Such algorithms which aggregate data simultaneously and if attack is happened immediately it will send the report to base station. The main advantage of using this approach is to avoid blocking of nodes. The blocked node can be retrieved using screen capturing.
INSIGHT INTO THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NON-IONIZING RADIATION THROUGH THE PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

The widespread wireless technology initiated several decades ago, has been gradually occupying nearly all daily activities of the modern society. The major sources of this non-ionizing radiation (NIR) include cell phones (6 billion users worldwide), mobile phone base stations (thousands in a crowded city), FM and TV broadcast stations, wireless phones, Wi-Fi routers and units in iphones, i-pads, notebooks, laptops. All these sources comprise a frequency spectrum from 87 MHz (FM stations) to 2.5 GHz (Wi-Fi, blue-tooth, Microwave oven). We consider that in order to study the biological/human effects of NIR, it is necessary to know exactly the radiation source properties (single frequency or multiple frequencies, repetitive or discontinuous emission and precise knowledge of the peak and average values of the electromagnetic wave in each case). Given the controversy of the existing so far published data, we intend to explore the issue of different biological effectiveness from simple exposure (CW emission) to the more complex pulsed radiation using two major model systems; mice and insects. So far, we have shown, in mice, memory impairment, stress induction and brain protein expression changes and in insects, fecundity decrease and apoptotic cell death increase following microwave (MW) radiation. In addition, by using the NARDA SRM 3000 spectrum analyzer we have performed a mapping of frequencies and E field intensities near base stations and other radiation sources. In this study, we initially attempted to study biological effects on flies from environmental exposure, in Athens University campus region (Dept. of Biology building), to non ionizing radiation in the range of 87 MHz to 2.5 GHz containing FM stations, TV broadcast stations, GSM 900, GSM 1800 MHz and UMTS 2100 MHz. A control group of flies was present in the same area inside a custom made Faraday type cage.Our results under these conditions indicate: a) decrease on Drosophila melanogaster reproduction and b) increase in apoptotic cell death during oogenesis, although at a lower degree compared to mobile phone signals. The work shall be continued with more frequencies and modulation schemes in insects and afterwards in mice where other parameters shall be examined.
Cumulative impacts of dissolved ionic metals on the chemical characteristics of river water affected by alkaline mine drainage from the Kuala Lipis gold mine, Pahang, Malaysia

This paper describes the variations in levels of dissolved metals with spatial and hydrological conditions along the Kermoi River, which drains a gold mining area. The spatial analysis of data on metal levels in the river indicates that the levels of almost all types of studied ionic species tend to increase when moving from an upstream location towards the mining area; significant enrichments of 91%, 55%, 8% and 75% in As, Mn, Zn and levels, respectively, were observed, indicating that the mining area is a source of these metals. From the mining area towards a downstream location, metal levels tended to decrease, suggesting that a natural attenuation process occurred for all metals except As. We also found that different hydrological conditions clearly impacted the level of metals in and the water quality of the river. Correlation analyses revealed that different types of metals were associated with different flow conditions. We recommend that remediation strategies such as the construction of wetlands and the installation of phytoremediation technology at mining sites be considered.
Changes in the winter precipitation in Romania and its relation to the large-scale circulation

The variability of winter mean precipitation as observed at 14 Romanian rain gauge stations from 1901–1988 is examined. Pettitt's statistic is used to detect changes of regimes in the time series. Almost all stations exhibit a systematic decrease (“downward shift”) at about 1969. Furthermore, upward shifts are identified for the southwestern stations at about 1933, and a downward shift in the mid 1920's in the northwest. An upward shift at about 1919 for the Bucharest station is likely determined by the urbanisation effect. These systematic changes are shown to be real and not an artifact due to inhomogeneities in the precipitation data in a two-step procedure. First, the precipitation field and the European-scale sea-level air-pressure field are related to each other through a Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Two relevant pairs of characteristic patterns are found. In a second step, the CCA-coefficients of these two pairs are studied with Pettitt's statistic. In both pairs of time series, simultaneous change points are found in the precipitation and in the pressure-related coefficients. The 1933 and 1969 change points are related to a change of the southwesterly flow which brings moist Mediterranean air to Romania. The mid-1920s change point is triggered by changes in the frequency or intensity of the north-westerly circulation. As a byproduct, we found that Pettitt's statistic is sensitive to the presence of trends and serial correlation so that its use for statistical hypothesis testing is limited. Therefore, we have used Pettitt's statistic only as an explanatory tool. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996. t01-3-00004.x
Perfectly matched layers with high rate damping for hyperbolic systems

We propose a simple method for constructing non-reflecting boundary conditions via Perfectly Matched Layer approach. The basic idea of the method is to build a layer with high rate damping properties with are provided by adding the stiff relaxation source terms to all equations of the system. No complicated modification of the system to be solved is then required.
Spatial Distribution of Rainfall with Elevation in Satluj River Basin: 1986-2010, Himachal Pradesh, India

The complex relationship between topography and precipitation in mountainous regions such as Himalayas is evident from the pattern of rainfall distribution. The variation in precipitation with altitude is controlled by mean height of clouds and decrease in water vapours with altitude. Spatially distributed measurements of precipitation have gained renewed interest in connection with climate change impact studies. Precipitation values are usually available from a limited number of gauge stations and their spatial estimates can be obtained by interpolation techniques such as Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Kriging and Spline. In the present study, precipitation-elevation relationship can be established using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-ASTER, 30m resolution), Spline interpolation technique in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment and point data from various gauge stations spread over the Satluj River Basin. Changes of spatial distribution of precipitation with elevation show a distinct shift. Bhakra Dam (5854.60 mm) to Rampur (4451.10 mm), there is continuous variation in rainfall with increase in altitude. But beyond Rampur, variation is very high. Swarghat shows exceptional rainfall (8031.76 mm), may be due to position of mountains and their orographic effects. Maximum rainfall was observed in the lower Himalayas i.e. Shiwalik range. Negligible rainfall was observed beyond Kaza (470 mm), above the elevation of around 3756 m. The general trend of rainfall exhibits that the lower and middle parts experience good rainfall whereas the upper part experiences less rainfall. Such spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall with elevation provides an important platform for hydrologic analysis, planning and management of water resources.
Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the Brazilian version of Martín-Bayarre-Grau (MBG) adherence scale

This paper aims to analyze the measurement equivalence aspects (internal consistency and interrater reliability) of a Brazilian version of Martin-Bayarre-Grau (MBG) adherence questionnaire as part of its cross-cultural adaptation. Item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used as internal consistency estimates. Stability was evaluated through test and retest comparison and expressed through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa with quadratic weighting. ICC for the overall scale was 0.81, indicating an "almost perfect" agreement. However, some cases of "poor" and "slight" agreements were found while analyzing individual items. The translated version of the MBG questionnaire showed good homogeneity (alpha 0.78), higher than cutoff points suggested in the literature. The scale has proved capable of measuring the level of adherence to treatment in hypertensive and/or diabetic patients in a reliable way.
Detailed Numerical Study on the Aerodynamic Behavior of a Gurney Flapped Airfoil in the Ultra-low Reynolds Regime

The addition of Gurney flap changes the nature of flow around airfoil by producing asymmetric Von- Karman vortex in its wake. Most of the investigations on Gurney flapped airfoils have modeled the flow using a quasisteady approach, resulting in time-averaged values with no information on the unsteady features of the flow. Among these, some investigations have shown that quasi-steady approach does a good job on predicting the aerodynamic coefficients and physics of flow. Previous studies on Gurney flap have shown that the calculated aerodynamic coefficients such as lift and drag coefficients from quasi-steady approach are in good agreement with the time averaged values of these quantities in time accurate computations. However, these investigations were conducted in regimes of medium to high Reynolds numbers where the flow is turbulent. Whether this is true for the regime of ultra-low Reynolds number is open to question. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to examine the previous investigations in the regime of ultra-low Reynolds numbers. The unsteady incompressible laminar flow over a Gurney flapped airfoil is investigated using three approaches; namely unsteady accurate, unsteady inaccurate, and quasisteady. Overall, all the simulations showed that at ultra-low Reynolds numbers quasi-steady solution does not necessarily have the same correlation with the time averaged results over the unsteady accurate solution. In addition, it was observed that results of unsteady inaccurate approach with very small time steps can be used to predict time-averaged quantities fairly accurate with less computational cost.
The impact of a regional family planning service promotion initiative in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Cameroon.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a considerable unmet need for contraception. In 1998-99 the Gold Circle campaign--a regional initiative to promote and improve family planning (FP) service delivery sites--was launched in Cameroon. During the last quarter of 1999 571 women who had been interviewed during the 1998 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey were reinterviewed regarding their exposure to the Gold Circle campaign and their perceptions on and use of contraceptives. The impact of the campaign was evaluated by assessing the panel data and by using an ideation model of behavior change. In addition service statistics from Gold Circle and non-Gold Circle FP delivery sites were contrasted to assess the effects of the campaign on clinic performance. More than one-third of the women surveyed reported exposure to the Gold Circle campaign 52% of whom mentioned being exposed to the campaign through television. Those with primary and or postprimary education were four and six times as likely respectively as those with no education to have been exposed to the campaign. Exposure was associated with a significant increase in the level of FP ideation as well as with an increased likelihood of using a modern contraceptive method (80%). The service statistics indicate that the campaign led to a significant increase in the demand for FP services at Gold Circle clinics with the number of new clients more than doubling immediately after the campaign launch. The Gold Circle campaign had appreciable success in promoting FP in Cameroon. The campaign had a considerable positive influence on both FP ideation and contraceptive use. (authors)
Determination of Folic Acid by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Certain Malt-based Beverages after Solid-Phase Extraction

The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an efficient Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method for the determination of folic acid (FA) in malt-based beverages. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure was used for cleanup and preconcentration of the malt-based beverages before the UHPLC analysis. The analysis was performed in a C18 column (2.1x50 mmx1.8 µm) using a solvent system of ACN: 0.1 % formic acid in water (10:90, v/v) by isocratic elution. Injection volume was 5 µL. The flow rates of the mobile phase were maintained at 0.2 mL min ‒1 for 0.00–4.00 min and 0.5 mL min ‒1 for 4.01–12.00 min. Methyl paraben was used as the internal standard (IS). The FA and IS signals were detected at 284 nm and 254 nm, respectively. Under these conditions, FA and IS were separated in 3.6 min and 11.4 min, respectively. The method was successfully validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) parameters. The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 1.5%. Good linearity with a high correlation coefficient was achieved over the concentration range of 20.13 µg L −1 – 2004 µg mL −1 for FA. The LOD and LOQ values were 6.66 µg L −1 and 20.13 µg L −1 , respectively . Good recovery values were found ranged between 99.1% and 106% for boza and vitamin fortified malt drink. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of FA in malt beers, vitamin fortified malt drinks and boza samples.
A Sectoral Analysis of Agricultural Trade Liberalization

Abstract Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector. A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade. The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
In silico analysis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alpha virus, which belongs to the family, Togaviridae. This virus is known to cause an acute onset of high fever, severe arthralgia and rash, and is usually accompanied by headache and severe joint pain. The present study aimed to construct an updated phylogenetic tree of currently published data and perform a phylogeographic analysis of Chikungunya virus obtained during different outbreak in the last five years after the re- emerging of chikungunya virus to get further insight into the epidemiology and transmission of CHIKV. In this study, twenty two sequences from the E1envelope glycoprotein gene were aligned using ClustalW software program. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA 5 software version 6, to determine the phylogenetic relationships of CHIKV during different outbreak recently in Yemen, Italy, Philippines, India and Africa. An updated phylogenetic tree was constructed, the results obtained suggested that CHIKV strains isolated recently in the Eastern Mediterranean Region share high similarity with chikungunya virus isolated in Tanzania in 1953. Key words: Chikungunya fever, epidemiology, outbreaks, phylogenetic tree.
Peer Review) The Influence of Top Management Team Characteristics on BPD Performance

INTRODUCTION There are so many issues in the business sector in Indonesia that are interesting to investigate, among them are the top management team (TMT), which is consisting of several interesting sub-topics, such as the relationship between TMT and the owner, with the government; military involvement; and the composition of TMT that may cover age, gender, background, education, and so on. It is interesting to discuss management in Indonesia; many problems have not been answered scientifically. This also covers the topic of top management team in Indonesia. Unfortunately, there have not been numerous scientific publications discuss about top management team in Indonesia. This topic is quite popular in the strategic management or human resources among scholars and researchers. The issue becomes increasingly important since there has been a paper published on “upper echelons theory” by Hambrick and Mason in 1984. It has even been updated by Hambrick in 2007, based on the research from Finkelstein and Hambrick (1996). They noted that between 1984 and 1996, there were more than two hundred studies on
Analysis of the relationship between the syndrome of frailty and cognitive deficit in older adults with independent living

Elderly frailty is a syndrome composed of motor and metabolic factors and aspects of cognitive decline. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between indicators of frailty and cognitive deficit in older adults with independent life, living in the city of Ivoti, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This study had a cross-sectional quantitative design, considering sociodemographic variables, cognitive status, and frailty syndrome components. Inclusion criteria were to have 65 years, understand the instructions, agree to participate and be a permanent resident at home and census tract. Data were analyzed using Pearson's bivariate correlation test. The results showed 15 correlations between frailty and other variables of the study, 9 of them also occur in the cognitive deficits and 6 are present only in the frailty syndrome. Cognitive deficit and frailty syndrome are not mutually exclusive in the subjects studied, but influence each other. In this study, 27 variables were tested for correlation with frailty and cognitive deficit. 21 of them were correlated to cognitive deficit. 15 were correlated to the frailty syndrome. This slight predominance of issues unrelated to the motor performance suggests psychosocial factors may have a significant impact on the establishment of the frailty syndrome.