Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF PATCH TESTING: A REVIEW OF 363 CASES OF ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

LITTLE, P . J. (1965). "Prevention of Pyelonephritis In Pregnancy", L_t, 1: 567. LI'l'TLIIl, P. J . (1965), "Bacill ur ia In Pregnancy", Proc. rOJ/. Boo. Med., 118: lOU. NORDBN, C. W. , and KILPAftICIt, W. H. (1966), ''Bacteriuria In PregnancT' In "PrQgre88 In Pyelonephritis", edited by KIlllll, E. H. , Davis, Philadelphia : U . PA'l'BIClt, M. J. (1967), "Influence of Maternal Renal Infection on the Fretus and Infant", Arch. Dis. ChUdh. , U: 1I08. RONALD. A. R. , TURCX, M. , and PBTEBSDORF, R. G. (1966), "A Critical Evaluation of Nalidixic Acid In Urinary Tract Infections", NtJW Bngl. J. Med., 275: 1081. SCRAMADAN, W. E. (1964), ''Bacteriuria during Pregnancy", Amer. J. Oblltet. GJlfleo. , 89: 10 . SLIlIIGH, J. D. , ROBllBTSON, J. G. , and ISDALliI, M. H. (1964) . "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In Pregnancy", J . Obatet. Gvnmo. Brit. CWlth. , 71: 74. S'1'l1ART, K. L. , CUMMINS, G. T. M. , and CHIN, W. A. (1965), "Ba ct er iur ia, Prematurity and the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy", Brit. med. J., 1 : 554. TIlA.UT, H. F. , and KUOBB A. (1988). "Inftammatlon of the Upper Urinary Tract Complicating the Reproductive Period ot Woman", Int. Ablltr. Burg. , 67: 568. VOZZA, F. (1929), "L'o/talmw, cOIlbaoUlare del neonato Quale oomplfcaflZa della p{eIOfI6/rite gravicUoa", Ann. Oatet. Glneo. , 51: 261. WALLMAN, I. S. , and HILTON, H. B . (1962). "Teeth Pigmented by Tetracycline", Lanoet, 2 : 827. WI! lIDElRMAN. J . , STONIIl, M. L. , and PATAKI, R. (1962), "Urinary Tract Infections and Uterine Activity", Amer. J. Obatet. Gvnec. , 84: 280. WBALLY, P. (1967), "Bacteriuria tn Pregnancy", Amer. J . ObBfet. GJlflec. , 97: 723. WILSON, M. G. , HlIIwrrr, W. L. anet MONZON, O. T. (1966), "Etrect of Bacteriuria on the FlJltus", New Eng! J. Med., 274: 1116. WRmN, B. G. (1969) , "The Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Bacilluria In Pregnancy", MKD. J. AusT. , 1 : 1117 . ZAHL, P. A. , and B.JIl:RKNIIlB, C. (1943). " I nducti on ot Declduaplacental HlI! morrhage In MIce by Endotoxlns ot Certain Gram-negative Bacteria", Proo. Boo. ea:p. BWI. , 84 : 189 .
Spectratype/Immunoscope Analysis of the Expressed TCR Repertoire

Measuring the diversity of TCRs utilized by specific primary and memory T cell responses is critical to the fundamental understanding of regulation of the immune system. This unit describes the Spectratype/Immunoscope technique which permits an in depth analysis of the TCR repertoire present in a variety of biological samples from mice to humans. Spectratype analysis takes advantage of PCR technology to amplify template cDNA corresponding to rearranged transcripts with different CDR3 lengths from specific TCR variable region genes in a competitive manner. The PCR products are then resolved on polyacrylamide sequencing gels to reveal precise sizes in nucleotide base pairs. The unit also includes protocols that have been optimized to process and produce the starting materials required for spectratype analysis.
Evaluation of exhaled breath temperature (EBT) as a marker and predictor of asthma exacerbation in children and adolescents

ABSTRACT Introduction: Noninvasive and easy-to-use tools to monitor airway inflammation in asthma are needed to maintain disease control, particularly in pediatric population. The aim of the study was to evaluate exhaled breath temperature (EBT) in pediatric respiratory clinic setting. Methods: We evaluated 37 children and adolescents with asthma (5–17 years; median: 11 years). The patients were followed up in stable condition and during exacerbations (paired observations in n = 19 subjects). We evaluated medication use, EBT, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), spirometry and atopic status of patients. Results: EBT was significantly higher in children with asthma exacerbation {entire group: median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 32.3 [1.1]°C vs. 33.8 [1.7]°C; p < 0.001 and mean ± SD: 33.1 ± 1.0°C vs. 33.6 ± 1.1°C; p = 0.038 for paired observations}. Significant correlation was observed between EBT and FeNO in the entire group (r = 0.22; p = 0.03). No difference was observed in EBT median values in atopic and non-atopic subjects in the entire group (median [IQR]: 32.6 [1.6] vs. 32.7 [2.0]; p = 0.88) and in subgroups. There was no difference in EBT values in patients receiving systemic or inhaled glucocorticosteroids (p = 0.45 and 0.83). There was no significant correlation between EBT and body or room temperature. The only significant predictor of exacerbation in logistic regression model was EBT {aOR = 2.4; 95% [confidence interval (CI)]: 1.4–4.1}. ROC analysis demonstrated applicability of EBT as a marker of asthma exacerbation in children (AUC = 0.748; p < 0.001; cut-off = 33.3°C; sensitivity: 64.3%; specificity: 82.1%). Conclusions: We suggest that EBT may serve as marker and predictor of asthma exacerbation in children. EBT follow-up may be useful in asthma monitoring in children and adolescents.
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization for medical classification

We propose a computational environment based on evolutionary algorithm for medical classification. We use evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) to solve a general medical minimization problem. As an example, we simultaneously minimize three objectives, namely the number of genes responsible for cancer classification while reducing the number of misclassifications in both testing and learning data sets for real patients. Results quality is reported against three genetic operators namely selection, crossover and mutation, each of which offering three different methods. Our implementation gives comparable results to more sophisticated methods, such as NGSAII-like ones, with far less computational efforts.
Prospects and Challenges of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine

Graphene is considered to be the ‘wonder material’ because of many unique and fascinating properties, such as high mechanical strength (200 times stronger than steel. Young’s modulus ~ 1100 Gpa), exceptionally thin nanostructure (1 million times thinner than human hair and world’s first twodimensional material made up of single layer of hexagonally arranged sp2-bonded carbon atoms, cf. (Figure 1), extraordinary electrical conductivity (mobility of charge carriers ~ 200,000 cm2 V-1 s-1), very high specific surface area (~ 2630 m2/g), excellent thermal conductivity (~ 5000 W/m/K), highly stretchable, fully flexible yet impermeable, chemically inert, and intrinsically biocompatible [1, 2]. Also the advent of simple, cost-effective and scalable fabrication techniques for single layer graphene made it one of the most attractive and sought after nonmaterial’s in recent times [3], having applications in a wide range of fields including nanoelectronics, composite materials, energy technology, sensors, and catalysis, among others [4-6].
Inclusion of Donor Colon and Ileocecal Valve in Intestinal Transplantation

Background. Evaluation of the clinical impact of including donor colon and ileocecal valve in patients receiving primary intestinal transplantation has not been performed in a sufficiently large series of cases. Methods. Cox stepwise regression of overall and cause-specific graft survival was performed to evaluate the clinical impact of including donor colon in our single center cohort of 245 consecutive primary intestinal transplant recipients, among which 93 received a donor colon. Results. Inclusion of donor colon had no significant impact on overall graft survival in either univariable (P=0.13) or multivariable (P=0.45) analysis, nor on the hazard rates of death caused by infection and graft loss because of other causes (NS). Although inclusion of colon was associated in univariable analysis (P=0.02) with a significantly lower hazard rate of graft loss because of rejection, this effect was no longer significant once its association with the stronger predictor “receipt of multivisceral transplant” was controlled (P=0.23). However, in a subset analysis of multivisceral transplanted patients since 2003, a favorable impact of including the donor colon on graft survival was observed (P=0.04). Lastly, children who received donor colon recipients had a significantly higher percentage of formed stools after stoma closure (P=0.001). Conclusions. Our results with a relatively large number of patients receiving a donor colon suggest that this procedure carries no obvious additional morbidity or mortality risk, particularly with respect to graft survival. Inclusion of donor colon should actively be considered for intestinal transplant recipients.
Lysisof Fresh HumanSolidTumorsby AutologousLymphocytesActivated in Vitro with Lectins

PBLwereobtainedfromcancerpatientsby fractionationof periph eral blood cells on Ficoll-Hypaquegradients(LSM-LittonBionetics, Kensington,Md.)asdescribedpreviously(25). Thecellswerewashed 3 times with HBSS and resuspended in complete medium, consisting of Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640 (Grand Island Biolog ical Co.,GrandIsland,N. V.) containing10% heat-inactivatedhuman AB serum(NorthAmericanBiological,Miami,Fla), 100 unitsof peni cillin per ml, and 100 @zg of streptomycin per ml (NIH Media Unit).
E-procurement: systems and implementation

The competition in today's global marketplace is driving companies to reshape their supply chain, reduce overall costs and eliminate inefficiencies. E-procurement is gaining in popularity because it reduces transaction costs for buyers and, hence, can have a significant impact on the profitability of organisations. This paper presents a case study on an e-procurement implementation exercise carried out in an Herbal Medicine Company. The aim of the research was to find out what reasons drove companies towards the use of the e-procurement systems and what conditions are necessary for the success of electronic reverse auctions. The paper concludes by identifying six conditions necessary for the success of electronic reverse auction.
Auditory filter shapes derived with noise stimuli.

A wide‐band noise having a deep notch with sharp edges was used to mask a tone. The notch was centered on the tone, and threshold was measured as the width of the notch was increased from 0.0 to 0.8 times the tone frequency (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 kHz). The spectrum level of the noise was 40 dB SPL. If it is assumed that the auditory filter is reasonably symmetric at these intensities, then the shape of the filter centered on the tone can be estimated from the first derivative of the curve relating tone threshold to the width of the notch in the noise. The 3‐dB bandwidths of the filters obtained were about 0.13 of their center frequency. In the region of the passband, the Gaussian curve provides a good approximation to the shape of the derived filters. The equivalent rectangular bandwidths of the Gaussian approximations are about 0.20 of their center frequency, which is comparable to the critical‐band estimates of R. Zwicker, G. Flottorp, and S. S. Stevens [’’Critical bandwidth in loudness summation,’’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 29, 548–557 (1957)]. The Gaussian approximation cannot be used outside the passband, because the tails of the derived filters do not fall as fast as the Gaussian curve. Subject Classification: [43]65.58, [43]65.35; [43]80.50.
Determining Structure and Function of Steroid Dehydrogenase Enzymes by Sequence Analysis, Homology Modeling, and Rational Mutational Analysis

Abstract: The short‐chain oxidoreductase (SCOR) family of enzymes includes over 6,000 members identified in sequenced genomes. Of these enzymes, ∼300 have been characterized functionally, and the three‐dimensional crystal structures of ∼40 have been reported. Since some SCOR enzymes are steroid dehydrogenases involved in hypertension, diabetes, breast cancer, and polycystic kidney disease, it is important to characterize the other members of the family for which the biological functions are currently unknown and to determine their three‐dimensional structure and mechanism of action. Although the SCOR family appears to have only a single fully conserved residue, it was possible, using bioinformatics methods, to determine characteristic fingerprints composed of 30‐40 residues that are conserved at the 70% or greater level in SCOR subgroups. These fingerprints permit reliable prediction of several important structure‐function features including cofactor preference, catalytic residues, and substrate specificity. Human type 1 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase (3β‐HSDI) has 30% sequence identity with a human UDP galactose 4‐epimerase (UDPGE), a SCOR family enzyme for which an X‐ray structure has been reported. Both UDPGE and 3‐HSDI appear to trace their origins back to bacterial 3α,20β‐HSD. Combining three‐dimensional structural information and sequence data on the 3α,20β‐HSD, UDPGE, and 3β‐HSDI subfamilies with mutational analysis, we were able to identify the residues critical to the dehydrogenase function of 3‐HSDI. We also identified the residues most probably responsible for the isomerase activity of 3β‐HSDI. We test our predictions by specific mutations based on sequence analysis and our structure‐based model.
The Murine Cytomegalovirus Immunomodulatory Gene m152 Prevents Recognition of Infected Cells by M45-Specific CTL But Does Not Alter the Immunodominance of the M45-Specific CD8 T Cell Response In Vivo1

Although in vitro studies have shown that herpesviruses, including murine CMV (MCMV), encode genes that interfere with the MHC class I pathway, their effects on the CTL response in vivo is unclear. We identified a Db-restricted CTL epitope from MCMV M45 by screening an MCMV genomic library using CTL clones isolated from mice infected with MCMV lacking m152. Because m152 severely inhibits CTL recognition of M45 in vitro, we questioned whether an M45-specific response would be generated in mice infected with wild-type MCMV expressing m152. Mice infected with wild-type MCMV or MCMVΔm152 made similar responses to the M45 Ag. Moreover, we saw no skewing of the proportion of M45-specific CD8 T cells within the total MCMV-specific response after infection with MCMV with m152. Despite the profound effect m152 has on presentation of M45 in vitro, it does not affect the immunodominance of M45 in the CTL response in vivo.
Baseline biophysical parameters in subjects with sensitive skin

Sensitive skin has been described as a skin type showing higher reactivity than normal skin and developing exaggerated reactions when exposed to external factors. The stinging test, performed by applying lactic acid to the nasolabial fold and evaluating the intensity of subjective symptoms, is widely accepted as a marker of sensitivity and employed for the selection of subjects experiencing invisible cutaneous irritation. However, this test is based on self‐perceived assessment and lacks objectivity. In order to contribute to the finding of objective descriptors, we assessed baseline biophysical parameters in subjects with sensitive skin by means of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance, pH, sebum and skin colour measurements, and compared the data with those obtained in normal subjects, also correlating the results with those of clinical assessments and functional tests. Subjects with sensitive skin showed a trend towards higher scores at all assessment times both for the stinging and the washing test. The skin of sensitive subjects was described as less supple, less hydrated and more erythematous and telangiectatic with respect to the skin of normal subjects. A trend towards an increase in TEWL, pH and colorimetric a* values, and a decrease in capacitance, sebum and colorimetric L* values on the face of subjects with sensitive skin was observable. However, significances were only present for capacitance and a* values. Thus, alterations of baseline capacitance values indicate the tendency to barrier impairment and support the view that skin hyperreactivity to water‐soluble irritants is induced by a greater amount of irritants absorbed, whereas the increase in the erythema parameter shows that cutaneous vascular hyperreactivity in subjects with sensitive skin also corresponds to baseline vasodilation.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THICK BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS BY HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Thick biological specimens prepared as whole mount cultured cells or thick sections from embedded tissues were stained with histochemical reactions, such as thiamine pyrophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, acid phosphatase, DAB reactions and radioautography, to observe 3-D ultrastructures of cell organelles producing stereo-pairs by high voltage electron microscopy at accerelating voltages of 400-1000 kV. The organelles demonstrated were Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, pinocytotic vesicles and incorporations of radioactive compounds. As the results, those cell organelles were observed 3dimensionally and the relative relationships between these organelles were demonstrated.
Inhibitors of free radical formation fail to attenuate direct β‐amyloid25–35 peptide‐mediated neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal cultures

The direct neurotoxic action of the β‐amyloid protein, the major constituent of senile plaques, may represent the underlying cause of neuronal degeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease. The apoptotic‐mediated neuronal death induced by β‐amyloid appears to reside in its ability to form Ca>2+‐permeable pores in neuronal membranes resulting in an excessive influx of Ca2+ and the induction of neurotoxic cascades. It is possible that during β‐amyloid exposure a Ca2+‐mediated increase in free radical generation may exceed the defensive capacity of cells and thus lead to cell death. Consequently, in the present study we have investigated the effect of a panoply of antioxidants and inhibitors of free radical formation on the development of β‐amyloid neurotoxicity. Acute exposure of rat hippocampal neurons to “aged” β‐amyloid25–35 peptide (5–50 m̈M) induced a slow, concentration‐dependent apoptotic neurotoxicity (25–85%) during a 6 day exposure. Co‐incubation of cultures with β‐amyloid25–35 peptide (25 μM) and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and/or xanthine oxidase (NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine [1 mM], Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine [1 mM], oxypurinol [100 m̈M], allopurinol [100 m̈M]), important mediators of nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical formation, did not attenuate β‐amyloid neurotoxicity. Similarly, a reduction in free radical generation by selective inhibition of phospholipase‐A2 cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase activities with quinacrine (0.5 m̈M), indomethacin (50 m̈M), and nor‐dihydroguaiaretic acid (0.5 m̈M), respectively, did not reduce the proclivity of β‐amyloid to induce cell death. Exposure of cultures to catalase (25 U/ml) and/or superoxide dismutase (10 U/ml) as well as the free radical scavengers vitamin E (100 m̈M), vitamin C (100 m̈M), glutathione (100 m̈M), L‐cysteine (100 m̈M), N‐acetyl‐cysteine (100 m̈M), deferoxamine (5 m̈M), or haemoglobin (35 m̈g/ml) failed to attenuate the neurotoxic action of β‐amyloid. On the other hand, pre‐treatment of cultures with subtoxic concentrations of β‐amyloid peptide significantly increased the vulnerability of neurons to H2O2 exposure and suggest that β‐amyloid peptide renders neurons more sensitive to free radical attack. However, a potential β‐amyloid‐mediated increase in free radical formation is not a proximate cause of the neurotoxic mechanism of β‐amyloid in vitro. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PREFERENCE FOR CHILDREN AND SUBSEQUENT FERTILITY IN MATLAB: DOES WIFE-HUSBAND AGREEMENT MATTER?

This study examines wife–husband preference for children and subsequent fertility for a period of 5 years in the treatment and comparison areas of Matlab, Bangladesh. The two data sets used were: the In-depth Survey (1984) and the Demographic Surveillance System (1984–89). In the case of wives' preferences for children, subsequent childbearing was 13·8% higher than desired in the treatment area and 44·7% higher than desired in the comparison area. After controlling for all variables in the model, the likelihood of giving birth was 1·78 times higher for wives who wanted no more children, but whose husbands did want more, compared with couples where neither husband nor wife wanted more children. For couples where the wife wanted more, but the husband did not want more children, the likelihood of giving birth was 0·63 times that of couples where both the husband and wife wanted more children. This finding suggests that to enhance the decline in fertility in these two areas of Matlab, it will be necessary to motivate both wives and husbands to cease childbearing.
Biopsy Targeting Gliomas: Do Functional Imaging Techniques Identify Similar Target Areas?

Objective:Because of the heterogeneous nature of glioma, biopsies performed should be targeted at the most anaplastic region. Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have been proposed for identifying the most anaplastic tumor area. However, it is unclear whether the recommended biopsy targets based on these various functional imaging modalities correspond with each other. Thus, the purpose was to evaluate whether they identify similar target areas. Materials and Methods:A total of 61 patients with suspected glioma were assessed within 2.3 ± 3.5 days by MRI, 18F-fluorothymidine-, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. Thirty-five patients underwent gross total resection and 26 were stereotactically biopsied. MRI was performed on a 1.5 Tesla broadband transmit/receive system, using a double-resonant birdcage coil. The MRI protocol comprised of sodium (23Na)-MRI (3D-radial projection imaging), proton spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI, point-resolved spectroscopy), arterial spin-labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and dynamic-susceptibility-weighted (DSC) perfusion MRI after a single dose each of gadobenate dimeglumine. Also, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were processed from diffusion tensor images. Image analysis comprised a detailed semiquantitative region of interest analysis of the different parameter values as well as visual identification of the most conspicuous tumor areas on parameter maps, for example, areas with maximum tumor perfusion, highest metabolite ratios of choline-containing compounds/N-acetyl-aspartate, or lowest ADC values within tumor tissue. Colocalization of these areas was then assessed. Results:Regarding tumor vascularity-related parameters and tumor proliferation-related parameters, the higher the glioma grade the higher were the respective parameters in semiquantitative analysis. ADC values decreased with glioma grade. In the whole study population comprising low- (N = 15) and high-grade gliomas (N = 42), except for 23Na-MRI, there was good (>50%) or perfect (100%) agreement of the tumor areas with highest values on parameter images in the majority of cases (>80%), that is, tumor areas with increased thymidine-uptake and highest choline, both suggestive of increased tumor proliferation, and elevated microcirculation as demonstrated by DSC-, arterial spin-labeling-, and DCE-MRI. 23Na-MRI depicted the highest signal within necrotic tumor areas, but non-necrotic gliomas also showed a perfect agreement in more than 61%. 18F-fluorothymidine-PET, DSC-, and DCE-MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging as well as MR spectroscopic imaging correctly detected no glioma heterogeneity in all 15 histologically proven grade II gliomas but identified suspicious areas in all 3 nonenhancing grade III gliomas. Conclusion:Both imaging techniques that depict microcirculation and techniques that visualize proliferation identify similar target areas.