Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why School Climate Matters and What Can Be Done to Improve It.

www.nasbe. org 7 For much of the last two decades, the narrowed focus on raising test scores under No Child Left Behind left important aspects of education untended. Since 2016, when the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) enabled a more comprehensive look at accountability, state leaders have heard growing demands for a whole-child approach that emphasizes students’ social and emotional wellbeing along with a broader approach to academic development.1 ESSA renewed attention on the learning environment itself, which plays a critical role in children’s ability to learn and thrive. A positive school climate—where students feel a sense of safety and belonging and where relational trust prevails— improves academic achievement, test scores, grades, and engagement and helps reduce the negative effects of poverty on academic achievement. To bring about such environments, teachers, paraprofessionals, and school and district leaders must be prepared to create the school and classroom structures that encourage secure relationships. Preservice preparation programs and professional development should cultivate knowledge, skills, and beliefs that build educators’ understanding of student needs and their ability to support learning and development. Stable, caring relationships are front and center in every school building that exemplifies positive climate. Such relationships with teachers and other adults foster students’ brain development and are linked to better school performance and engagement, increased emotional regulation, social competence, and willingness to take on challenges. School relationships are especially critical for the 46 million U.S. children exposed each year to abuse, neglect, hunger, homelessness, the death of a parent, or community violence. Trauma and adversity can lead to chronic stress, which damages the chemical and physical structures of a child’s developing brain and can lead to problems with attention, concentration, memory, and creativity. Even one stable relationship with a committed adult can help buffer a child from the effects of serious adversity. Being in a supportive environment has even stronger effects on healing.
Raft consensus mechanism and the applications

Raft consensus algorithm is one of the commonly used consensus algorithms in distributed systems. It is mainly used to manage the consistency of log replication. It has the same function as Paxos, but compared to Paxos, Raft algorithm is easier to understand and easier to apply to actual systems. The Raft algorithm is a consensus algorithm adopted by the alliance chain. This article describes the details of Raft consensus algorithm and its application in detail.
Like a virus: The coordinated spread of Coronavirus disinformation

Analysis of over 25.5 million tweets over 10 days identifies 5,752 accounts that coordinated 6,559 times to spread mis- and disinformation regarding the coronavirus for either commercial or political purposes. Almost all politically motivated activity promoted right wing governments or parties. Coordinated spreading of the China bioweapon conspiracy theory is estimated to have made over 5 million impressions on Twitter users, spread by mainly pro-Trump, partisan conservative and/or QAnon accounts.
Performance analysis and GPU parallelisation of ECO object tracking algorithm

The classification and tracking of objects has gained popularity in recent years due to the variety and importance of their application areas. Although object classification does not necessarily have to be real time, object tracking is often intended to be carried out in real time. While the object tracking algorithm mainly focuses on robustness and accuracy, the speed of the algorithm may degrade significantly. Due to their parallelisable nature, the use of GPUs and other parallel programming tools are increasing in the object tracking applications. In this paper, we run experiments on the Efficient Convolution Operators object tracking algorithm, in order to detect its time-consuming parts, which are the bottlenecks of the algorithm, and investigate the possibility of GPU parallelisation of the bottlenecks to improve the speed of the algorithm. Finally, the candidate methods are implemented and parallelised using the Compute Unified Device Architecture. Keywords: Object tracking, parallel programming.
Can moisture content estimates from nuclear magnetic resonance improve optically stimulated luminescence dating - first results on Loess samples from Toshan/Iran

Dating of loess deposits using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) enable us to extract important information about the climate during the last ~150 ka. A good estimation of the dose rate during the past is essential for OSL and depends, among others, on the history of the moisture content in the proximity of the dated sample. While the current moisture content can be measured by heating/drying, the history of the moisture variations of a sample is generally unknown. Reference values reported on similar materials and climate conditions may provide a range for the expected moisture variations in the past, but these values are generally rough guesses and not depthand time-specific.
Variability of Soil Erosion Intensity Due to Vegetation Cover Changes: Case Study of Orahovacka Rijeka, Montenegro

Vegetation cover change in all the river basins leads to the changes of hydrologic response, soil erosion and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as main cause of anthropogenic and accelerated erosion rates in short term and one of the main reasons of climate change in long term. The effects of vegetation cover changes on various parts of water balance and hydrological cycle has to be deeply studied because of its important role on mankind future. The aim of present research was therefore to simulate the responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion model IntErO, with the different settings of land use for the years 1977, 1987, 1997, 2006 (2007) and 2016 (2017) in Orahovacka Rijeka watershed; a pilot river basin of the Polimlje Region for the northeastern part of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Orahovacka Rijeka was 174-175 m3 s-1 (the incidence of 100 years) and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated on 2614-2921 m3 year-1, specific 229-256 m3 km-2 year-1 (1977-2017). The value of Z coefficient range from 0.444 to 0.478 and indicates that the river basin belongs to III destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is surface erosion. According to our analysis the land use changes in the last 40 years influenced the increase of the soil erosion intensity for 11% in the study watershed. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure. The results and approach also should be used by policymakers in all national natural resources organizations to highlight the role of management.
Structure of fungal communities (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in Western Carpathian submontane forest stands under different managements

In our paper, we present a mycocoenological study of two, differently managed beech forest stands (a 28year-old pole-sapling stand – plot H and a control 115yearold mature stand – plot K) in temperate forests of The Western Carpathians. Out of 117 identified species of macromycetes, 87 species were found at plot H and 72 species at plot K. Altogether, 63% of fruiting bodies abundance was recorded at plot H and 37% was recorded at plot K. Together, 41 species (35.04%) had a common occurrence at both plots. We found 55 wood-inhabiting species, of which the most abundant production of fruiting bodies were by species Panellus stipticus (797 fruiting bodies), Hypoxylon fragiforme (480), Lycoperdon pyriforme (408); 32 ectomycorrhizal species, with the largest production of fruiting bodies by Craterellus cornucopioides (94 fruiting bodies), Russula foetens (36), Lactarius piperatus (24); and 27 species of terrestrial saprotrophs, out of which the most fruiting bodies were produced by species Mycena alcalina agg. (52 fruiting bodies), Mycena inclinata (50), Psathyrella laevissima (38). At plot K, the values of overall biomass production of fruiting bodies, as well as biomass of fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal species, were higher compared to plot H.
Fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba for goat feeding

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba. Two experiments were performed: the first evaluated the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and determined the organic acids in cactus pear silages with the inclusion of five levels of maniçoba (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in six opening times (1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The second experiment determined the nutrient intake, digestibility, water balance and nitrogen balance in Canindé goats fed diets based on cactus pear silage with the inclusion of four levels of maniçoba (25, 50, 75 and 100%), with six animals per treatment. The increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silage provided a linear increase in the butyric acid, dry matter (DM), ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, water intake via drinking fountain and metabolic water, and reduced the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water intake via food, total water intake, water excreted in the faeces, water excreted in the urine, total water excretion and water balance. Quadratic behaviour was observed for N-NH3, DM recovery and propionic acid, with an increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silages. Regarding the different opening times, there was a significant effect in pH, N-NH3, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.050). The inclusion of maniçoba in cactus pear silage improved the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality to be used in diets for goats.
Pressurized extraction of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids from wet Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeodactylum tricornutum biomass using subcritical liquids

The objective of this study was to investigate the extraction of lipids, for example, mono‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as carotenoids, from wet microalgae biomass using pressurized subcritical extraction solvents, which meet the requirements of food and feed applications. To demonstrate the effect of the solvent and temperature on the lipid yield, we chose two microalgae species, viz. Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, differing in their biochemical composition fundamentally. In case of P. tricornutum, ethanol showed the highest fatty acid yield of 85.9% w/w. In addition to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the ethanolic extracts contained exceptional amounts of fucoxanthin (up to 26.1 mg/g d. w.), which can be beneficial to protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation processes and in terms of human nutrition. For C. vulgaris, a fatty acid yield of 76.5% w/w was achieved from wet biomass using ethyl acetate at 150°C. In general, an increase in the extraction temperature up to 150°C was found to be important in terms of fatty acid yield when extracting wet microalgae biomass. The results suggest that it is possible to efficiently extract both fatty acids and carotenoids from wet microalgae by selecting suitable solvents and thus circumvent energy‐intensive drying of the biomass.
Redescription of trematode Gonocerca muraenolepisi Paruchin et Ljadov, 1979 (Hemiuroidea: Derogenidae), a body cavity parasite of Antarctic fishes, with a discussion of its phylogenetic position

The redescription of Gonocerca muraenolepisi Paruchin et Ljadov, 1979 was made on the specimens collected from Muraenolepis marmorata Günther, 1880 (Gadiformes), caught in the Ross Sea, and on extant paratypes — one of which was designated as neotype — is given in this paper. Phylogenetic relations of G. muraenolepisi were inferred by Bayesian analysis of partial sequences from 28S rDNA. Molecular data are not consistent with the traditional point of view about the position of the genus Gonocerca Manter, 1925, and subfamily Gonocercinae that are based on this genus in the family Derogenidae. Also, molecular data does not support the presence of the genus Hemipera Nicoll 1913, in the subfamily Gonocercinae. The taxonomical position and species lists of representatives of the Gonocercinae need further revision. How to cite this paper: Sokolov S.G. , Gordeev I.I. , Atopkin D.M. 2016. Redescription of trematode Gonocerca muraenolepisi Paruchin et Ljadov, 1979 (Hemiuroidea: Derogenidae), a body cavity parasite of Antarctic fishes, with a discussion of its phylogenetic position // Invert. Zool. Vol.13. No.2. P.191–202. doi: 10.15298/invertzool.13. 2.02
Tracking System using RFID for Hiking Activity with IoT Technology

Hiking is popular in Malaysia because of the geographical factors that have a lots of mountains. Since this is an extreme activity, it gives a lot of risk for the hikers. There were 134 incidents in the mountains reported during 1996 until 2014 where 52 cases are about missing people. When encounter with missing people cases, it is difficult to pinpoint the last location of victim. Therefore, this project aimed to help the rescuer by providing them information of the victim’s last location by creating a tracking system using RFID in order to store data on each checkpoint along the hiking trails in memory card. This system also equipped with wifi which allowed the system send notification using Telegram Apps. The rescuers can extract the data from the memory card from each checkpoint to trace the last location of the victim before reported missing. By having this information, the rescuers will save a lot of time because they can estimate from which area they should start the search and rescue operation.
Parents’ Acceptance to Alveolar and Nasoalveolar Molding Appliances during Early Cleft Lip and Palate Care: A Call for High-Quality Research

AIM: Acceptance and compliance of the parents are an essential pillar in the success of pre-surgical infant orthopedic (PSIO) treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the burden of care associated with the alveolar molding (AM) and nasoalveolar molding (NAM) appliances as experienced by the parents with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants. METHODS: An electronic search was carried on by two reviewers in eight search engines, as well as a manual search till July 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AM/NAM appliances to controls in infants with UCLP were selected. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for RCTs. RESULTS: One RCT was included in the qualitative analysis. Non-significant differences were found in the amount of mothers’ satisfaction between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient low-quality evidence is available regarding the effects of AM and NAM on parents’ satisfaction and burden of care. No conclusions can be withdrawn from the existing studies. High-quality research is needed to elucidate the degree of parents’ acceptance to the molding appliances. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016043174.
NEW DESIGN HEURISTICS IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Abstract In the digital era, products’ forms do not necessarily follow their function. Design fixation may happen when a designer attempts to generate diverse concepts. New design heuristics for digital design were extracted to support designers in the early conceptual design stage. Ten design heuristics were extracted from 998 RedDot award-winning concept designs (2013-2017) through a five-step process. It was preliminarily tested by four practitioners and proved to have positively influenced their conceptual design.
Analysis of wastewater injection and prospect regions for induced seismicity in the Texas Panhandle, USA

Subsurface injection of wastewater co-produced alongside oil and gas (O&G) has been linked to an increasing number of earthquake events throughout the southern mid-continent of the United States. In Texas, the average count of seismic events per year have risen over the past decade. This study aims to compare injection of produced water into the subsurface and increased number of earthquakes in the Panhandle Region of Texas. For this study, saltwater disposal and enhanced oil recovery through underground injection control (UIC) wells in the Texas Panhandle were analyzed from 1983-2018. During this same period, a total of 64 earthquakes of M ≥ 2.5 were recorded. The average earthquake rates increased from 1.21 events per year (1983-2007) to 3.50 events per year (2008-2018). A total of 1,926 active UIC wells in the Texas Panhandle were identified from the Railroad Commission of Texas database during the study period. This research identified 54 geologic stratigraphic formations present in the region and focused on the 34 target formations into which wastewater was injected. Cumulative UIC volumes were found to be localized by geographic regions and geologic formations, where a total of 2.26 billion barrels (Bbbls, where 1 barrel = 159 liters) of wastewater were injected. Approximately 87% of the total disposal volume (1.96 Bbbls) was injected into seven geologic formations, including the igneous Precambrian basement; another 27 formations received less than 100 million barrels (MMbbls) each. Monthly UIC rates in the Panhandle fluctuated in time, similar to overall O&G industry activity. From this analysis, 61% of earthquake events are considered to be possibly or probably induced by a combination of UIC and O&G practices. Additionally, this research identified regions at risk of potentially hosting future earthquakes induced by current UIC and O&G operations. Understanding how and where UIC practices and O&G operations are affecting seismicity rates in the State of Texas can allow researchers and regulators propose strategies to reduce or mitigate negative externalities such as induced seismicty. Dr. Michael H. Young
Automatic defect detection based on improved Faster RCNN for substation equipment

Defect detection methods based on machine learning extremely accelerate the substation routine inspection process. In this paper, we propose an automatic defect detection method based on improved Faster RCNN. For one thing, random feature pyramid (RFP) structure is introduced for the highly discriminative feature map construction; for another thing, we execute the detection boxes selection by soft non-maximum suppression (SNMS), keeping the detection of defects which distribute densely. Finally, online hard example mining (OHEM) is employed to deal with the imbalance problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art deep learning object detection methods.
Low Temperature Thermodynamics of Spin-1/2 XX Chains with Periodically Embedded Impurities

One-dimensional effective spin models of nanostructured magnetic materials like polymeric complexes of transition metals are permanently attracting big interest of the investigators due to their interesting physics and potential applications in nanoelectronic devices and robust quantum communications [1–3]. On the other side, some of these models can be solved exactly. This gives very important opportunities for the verification of numerous approximate methods in quantum theory of lowdimensional magnetism [1]. We proposed exactly solvable 1D quantum spin model based on spin-1/2 XX chain with the periodically embedded equal Ising spins. This model can be treated as the spin-1/2 XX chain system decorated by the impurity Ising spins. The energy spectrum of this model has a relatively simple structure for arbitrary values of equal embedded spins. We derived the corresponding exact dispersion relations and determined the conditions for the appearance of the localized energy levels at arbitrary value of embedded Ising spins. On the basis of these results we performed some numerical studies of the lowtemperature magnetic properties of the model proposed with the help of standard transfer matrix technique.
Investigation of the Surface Composition by Laser Ablation/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

We present a Laser Ablation Ionization Mass Spectrometer (LIMS) for the sensitive, chemical analysis of solid matter as an analytical instrument on a landed spacecraft on the Moon, as a possible application in the ARTEMIS program of NASA. Our LIMS system is compact, features simple and robust operation, and is based on current measurement capabilities of a real-size prototype system. Our LIMS instrument can be part of the payload of a rover, can be portable for field excursions of astronauts, or be part of an instrument suite at the lunar base for detailed investigations of samples collected in the field. LIMS measurements provide chemical analysis within seconds, detection of trace elements at the ppm level and below, without sample preparation to support investigations from pure scientific interest all the way to in situ resource utilization (ISRU) related tasks. The LIMS instrument is a reflectron-type time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled to a femtosecond laser for ablation and ionization of sample material for mass spectrometric analysis of solid samples. The LIMS was originally designed for the application on Mercury surface and since then was continuously developed further for in situ research on planetary surfaces. We operated a fully functional LIMS prototype that has been operated for many years in our laboratory. It has a mass resolution up to 900, with an accuracy of the mass scale of 500 ppm, a detection limit around 10 ppb depending on mass, and a dynamic range of 8 decades, which allows for quantitative measurements of almost all elements in laser ablation mode. Furthermore, it enables the detection of complex molecules in laser desorption mode. With every laser pulse a small amount of sample material is removed, thus, when staying at the same spot the sequence of mass spectra resulting from these laser pulses can be used to derive a depth profile of the atomic composition at the sampled location, allowing, for example, to penetrate through the space weathered layer on grains and rocks to access the true chemical composition of the material. We combined our LIMS system with a high-resolution microscope camera system (MCS), which has its own multicolor sample illumination. MCS has an optical resolution of 2 µmfor detailed optical investigation of the sample. In this way, mass spectrometric analysis and imaging information are available from the exact same location on the sample. Microscope images provide characterization of a sample for context analysis and supporting mineralogical classifications. For the demonstration of performance of our miniature LIMS system, we will present exemplary studies conducted on suitable sample materials that are relevant for in situ space exploration, that includes e.g., the identification of the mineralogy of heterogeneous samples, as well as element and isotope studies conducted on lunar and chondritic meteorites, which allows studies of in situ radio-isotope geochronology.