Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The immersed boundary method

This paper is concerned with the mathematical structure of the immersed boundary (IB) method, which is intended for the computer simulation of fluid–structure interaction, especially in biological fluid dynamics. The IB formulation of such problems, derived here from the principle of least action, involves both Eulerian and Lagrangian variables, linked by the Dirac delta function. Spatial discretization of the IB equations is based on a fixed Cartesian mesh for the Eulerian variables, and a moving curvilinear mesh for the Lagrangian variables. The two types of variables are linked by interaction equations that involve a smoothed approximation to the Dirac delta function. Eulerian/Lagrangian identities govern the transfer of data from one mesh to the other. Temporal discretization is by a second-order Runge–Kutta method. Current and future research directions are pointed out, and applications of the IB method are briefly discussed.
Comparison of Detached Eddy Simulations with Turbulence Modeling

Flow field around hypersonic vehicles is very complex and difficult to simulate. The boundary layers are squeezed between shock layer and body surface. Resolution of boundary layer, shock wave and turbulent regions where the flow field has high values is difficult of capture. Detached eddy simulation (DES) is a modification of a RANS model in which the model switches to a subgrid scale formulation in regions fine enough for LES calculations. Regions near solid body boundaries and where the turbulent length scale is less than the maximum grid dimension are assigned the RANS mode of solution. As the turbulent length scale exceeds the grid dimension, the regions are solved using the LES mode. Therefore the grid resolution is not as demanding as pure LES, thereby considerably cutting down the cost of the computation. In this research study hypersonic flow is simulated at Mach 8 and different angle of attacks to resolve the proper boundary layers and discontinuities. The flow is also simulated in the long wake regions. Mesh is little different than RANS simulations and it is made dense near the boundary layers and in the wake regions to resolve it properly. Hypersonic blunt cone cylinder body with frustrum at angle 5 and 10 o are simulated and there aerodynamics study is performed to calculate aerodynamics characteristics of different geometries. The results and then compared with experimental as well as with some turbulence model (SA Model). The results achieved with DES simulation have very good resolution as well as have excellent agreement with experimental and available data. Unsteady simulations are performed for DES calculations by using duel time stepping method or implicit time stepping. The simulations are performed at Mach number 8 and angle of attack from 0 to 10 for all these cases. The results and resolutions for DES model found much better than SA turbulence model. Keywords—Detached eddy simulation, dual time stepping, hypersonic flow, turbulence modeling
SUPERADIABATIC TRANSITIONS IN QUANTUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS VOLKER BETZ, BENJAMIN D. GODDARD AND STEFAN TEUFEL

We study the dynamics of a molecule’s nuclear wave-function near an avoided crossing of two electronic energy levels, for one nuclear degree of freedom. We derive the general form of the Schrödinger equation in the n-th superadiabatic representation for all n ∈ N. Using these results, we obtain closed formulas for the time development of the component of the wave function in an initially unoccupied energy subspace, when a wave packet travels through the transition region. In the optimal superadiabatic representation, which we define, this component builds up monontonically. Finally, we give an explicit formula for the transition wave function away from the avoided crossing, which is in excellent agreement with high precision numerical calculations.
EFFECTS OF COLCHICINE TREATMENT ON THE MICROTUBULE CYTOSKELETON AND TOTAL PROTEIN DURING MICROSPOROGENESIS IN GINKGO BILOBA L.

Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminetheeffect sofcolchicinetreatmentonthemicrotubulecytosk eletonand� theexpressionofproteinsduringmicrosporogenesis �inG. biloba ,�as observedbyimmunofluorescenceand�2�DEanalysis� inmicrosporangiatreatedwithcolchicine. �Theresu ltsshowedthemicrotubulestructureswereaffected �bythecolchicine� inGinkgo biloba ,�butthetreatmenteffectofthecolchicinehadce rtainlimitationinG. biloba . �Thepercentageof� microsporocyteswhosemicrotubulestructureswerea ffectedbythecolchicinetreatmentwaslessthant hatobservedin� otherplantspecies,�nothigherthan�10�%. �Itwasa lsofoundthattheexpressionlevelofseveralendo genousproteinswere� changedinG. bilobawhenthemicrosporangiaweretreatedwithcolchici ne. �Althoughweonlytestedcolchicineswas� onlytestedinthepresentstudy,� G. bilobaappearedtopossessfactorsthatrestrictedtheef fectofsuchchemicalagents. � Ourobservationsledustospeculatethattheendog enousproteinsarepossiblyresponsibleforthered ucedeffectsof�
Design and performance of a ASAXS instrument at the Advanced Photon Source

The SAXS instrument on the high brilliance undulator beam line (ID12, BESSRC-CAT) at APS has been designed to produce high-resolution scattering patterns in the millisecond time domain. This instrument is equipped with a 18 cm x 18 cm position sensitive gas detector and a 15 cm x 15 cm high-resolution position sensitive CCD mosaic detector. A photodiode detector mounted on a 3.7 mm diameter beam stop permits quick alignment of the instrument as well as precise measurement of the transmitted beam intensity. The exposure time with the CCD detector varies from 0.1 to 10 seconds depending on the scattering cross-section of the samples. Techniques to interface ancillary equipment for time-resolved studies and software for faster online analysis of the data have also been developed. We have obtained data on the unfolding of proteins in the millisecond time domain and ASAXS of metallic alloys using this instrument.
Evaluating ecosystem services of Afforestation on Erosion-prone Land : A Case Study in the Manawatu Catchment , New Zealand

Land-use change from pasture to forestry can have multiple effects on the environment. In this project, we assessed the impacts of afforestation on erosion-prone land on several ecosystem services in the Manawatu catchment, New Zealand. For 500 high priority farms requiring soil conservation, the land mapped as highly erodible was assumed to be afforested, with two distinct scenarios: conversion of pasture into pine forest or indigenous shrubland. Several models were used to quantify indicators of different ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, non-CO2 gas emission, sediment yield, nitrate export, natural habitat provision, and water yield. The results showed that the pine forest carbon stocks dropped at time of harvest, but rose rapidly after 50 years to be almost double that of the indigenous shrubland scenario. In both scenarios, the main environmental benefit was a large 50% sediment yield reduction from the catchment. As most afforestation occurred on sheep and beef hill country, where stock density is low, there was only a small decrease in nitrate export, and a small decrease in non-CO2 emission. The provision of natural habitat was slightly lower for pine forest than for indigenous shrubland. The water yield relative to the possible range was reduced by 6% at the catchment scale.
Formation of high molecular weight material by free-living marine bacteria

Bacterial transformation of leucine into high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) material was studied in seawater cultures. Three different types of cultures were used: sodium azide poisoned cultures served as control, eukaryotic inhibitors to prevent bacterivory, and untreated cultures were used to determine the effect of grazing on bactena on the release of HMWDOM. All these cultures were labeled wlth I4C-leucine and the distribution of incorporated label into particulate organic matter (POM) and I4C recovered in dissolved organic matter (DOM) was measured over a period of 10 d as well as the transformation into HMW-DOM. Fractionation of DOM was performed using dialysis membranes (molecular weight cutoff 50 000 daltons) and by gel filtration for substances with a molecular weight below l500 daltons. There was a shift to HMW-DOM discernible in grazed and ungrazed cultures and this DOM fraction accumulated to ca 6 % of the initially added leucine in the grazed culture within 8 d. Flagellates appeared to have only a minor influence on the formation of HMW-DOM but might be important in consuming bacterially derived HMW-DOM, representing a novel, nonpredatory way of carbon and energy transfer from bacteria to flagellates.
Collective Bargaining and Poverty: A Cross-National Perspective

A large and increasing number of studies examine the influence of collective bargaining systems on wage dispersion, but very few analyse their influence on poverty levels. Yet it would be a mistake to assume that the relationship between wage dispersion and poverty rates is straightforward: the evidence shows that in most industrialized countries, poverty is not primarily a problem of the working poor. This article addresses explicitly the relationship between collective bargaining systems and relative poverty rates in OECD countries. Empirical findings suggest that industrial relations systems have a significant impact upon poverty, not through any direct effect on wage dispersion, but from their relative impact on government spending on social security.
Electron Correlation Effects in Molecules

There has been dramatic progress in the development of electron correlation techniques for the accurate treatment of the structures and energies of molecules. In this review, we give brief and somewhat qualitative descriptions of the different methods that have been developed in recent years. We also discuss the range of applicability as well as the limitations of the methods with a few selected examples. We focus particular attention on electron correlation methods which start from a Hartree−Fock wave function since such single-configuration-based approaches are most easily extended to larger molecules. Multiconfiguration-based correlation techniques are considered briefly. We also present a fairly thorough account of the recent developments and applications using novel quantum Monte Carlo approaches.
Moderating Effect of Age on the Link of Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health among High School Students

This study examined whether, Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be considered as predictor for mental health and explored also the moderating effect of age on the link between EI with mental health among high school students. The participants in the study included 10 th , 11 th , and 12 th grade students from 8 public high schools in Gorgan City, north of Iran. They were 247 high school students, specifically comprised of 124 boys and 123 girls, age ranged between 15 to 17 years old (83, Fifteen; 82, Sixteen; 82, Seventeen). The research design was an ex post facto and tested of alternative hypotheses. Two valid and reliable instruments were used to measure EI and mental health. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean scores, simple regressions and moderated regressions. The result demonstrated that mental health can be influences by EI. In addition, age is not significant moderator for the relationships between EI with mental health.
Surface Diffusion: Is It an Important Transport Mechanism in Compacted Clays?

Surface diffusion, or migration within the electrical double layer next to mineral surfaces, is often invoked as a significant contributor to the overall diffusion coefficient in compacted clays, particularly where model predictions underestimate measured diffusion coefficients. The potential for surface diffusion of Sr2+, Ca2+ and Na+ on three clays compacted to dry bulk densities of 1.25 and 1.60 Mg/m3 was examined. The clays were a bentonite, an illite/smectite, and a glacial lake clay (composed mainly of smectite, illite, kaolinite and quartz). The clays were saturated with a Na-Ca-Cl-dominated synthetic groundwater solution with an effective ionic strength of 220 mol/m3. Total intrinsic diffusion coefficients for the cations were determined from their steady-state flux through compacted clays, and apparent diffusion coefficients were obtained from the time-lag technique. Models of diffusive transport in compacted clays, based only on diffusion in the pore solution, adequately described the diffusion data for all clays and diffusants, and there was no need to invoke other transport mechanisms, like surface diffusion. The data indicate that surface diffusion is not a significant transport mechanism in compacted clays at least to a clay density of 1.60 Mg/m3.
Context-Based Dynamic Meshed Backhaul Construction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks

Five-G heterogeneous network overlaid by millimeter-wave (mmWave) access employs mmWave meshed backhauling as a promising cost-efficient backhaul architecture. Due to the nature of mobile traffic distribution in practice which is both time-variant and spatially non-uniform, dynamic construction of mmWave meshed backhaul is a prerequisite to support the varying traffic distribution. Focusing on such scenario of outdoor dynamic crowd (ODC), this paper proposes a novel method to control mmWave meshed backhaul for efficient operation of mmWave overlay 5G HetNet through Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology. Our algorithm is featured by two functionalities, i.e., backhauling route multiplexing for overloaded mmWave small cell base stations (SC-BSs) and mmWave SC-BSs’ ON/OFF status switching for underloaded spot. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed meshed network is confirmed by both numerical analyses and experimental results. Simulations are conducted over a practical user distribution modeled from measured data in realistic environments. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can cope with the locally intensive traffic and reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, a WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance certified) device based testbed is developed for Proof-of-Concept (PoC) and preliminary measurement results confirm the proposed dynamic formation of the meshed network’s efficiency.
Real Time View Alignment between Widely Spaced Cameras Master of Science Project Report

View alignment between widely spaced cameras for a general scene is a hard problem in computer vision. However, in a meeting room scenario, certain assumptions can be made and the problem can be made more tractable. In this project, a system has been designed which enhances the view of an omnidirectional camera placed at the center of the room with views obtained from other cameras in the room. Important features are detected and matched and a warping function is computed in real time.
Sacral Morphology of Prehensile-Tailed Primates in Relation to Biomechanical Loading

The few available comparative studies of prehensile tail anatomy in primates have established that several features of the caudal vertebrae are associated with adaptation to the increased loading of the tail during prehension. Given that the caudal vertebrae are anchored to the sacrum, it stands to reason that sacral morphology should also covary with tail prehensility. Convergent evolution of prehension in ateline and cebine primates and clear variation in the use of tails among taxa raises questions not only of how sacral morphology differs between prehensile and non-prehensile taxa, but whether different prehensile-tailed taxa evolved the same solutions to the biomechanical demands of prehension. The first step in addressing these problems is to document and measure the anatomical correlates of prehension in the sacrum. A comparative study of primate sacra was completed among the following genera: Alouatta, Ateles, Cacajao, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Macaca, Pithecia, and Saimiri (total n = 103). The genera were split into fully-, semi-, and non-prehensile groups; Alouatta, Ateles, and Lagothrix were categorized as fully-prehensile, Cebus as semi-prehensile, and the remainder as non-prehensile. Linear measurements for 16 anatomical variables were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses returned some degree of significant results. While some measurements were more meaningful than others, morphological differences in relative size and transverse expansion of spinous processes, relative size of features associated with postulated muscle attachment, and relative size of articular surfaces of sacral vertebrae exist among individuals of varying prehensility. Thus, basic anatomical correlates of prehension were identified, and questions of morphological adaptation to prehension can be asked. 2018 by Hannah G Showalter All Rights Reserved DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my late father, James Showalter, who instilled within me his profound appreciation and love for the natural world. If it weren’t for him, standing in the pouring rain while (possibly) being peed on by a monkey probably would have turned me off to the field of Biological Anthropology. Through this thesis I wish to demonstrate my strength, resilience, and hard-headedness in accomplishing whatever it is that I intend to get done. Thanks for teaching me those things, too, Dad. CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1. Prehensile tails: interspecific variation . 1 a. Behavioral context . 2 b. Caudal morphology . 5 i. Osteology . 5 ii. Myology . 7 2. Biomechanical loading and sacral morphology . 9 Chapter 2: Methods 1. Hypotheses . 12 2. Data Set Composition . 12 3. Analyses . 20 Chapter 3: Results 1. Pairwise Comparisons . 21 2. Principal Components Analysis . 23 3. Discriminant Function Analysis . 28 Chapter 4: Discussion 1. Sacral morphology, prehension, and adaptation . 32 2. Future Directions . 33 Chapter 5: Conclusion . 34 Bibliography . 35
The development of a reliable theory-based psychological instrument to measure cognitions relating to participation in university recreational sports

Background: It is important that theoretically informed questionnaires developed using guidelines outlined within the Theory of Planned Behaviour demonstrate reliability. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the reliability of direct and indirect items examining perceptions towards recreational sports participation by university students. Method: A convenience sample of 28 participants undertaking various degree programmes was used (age M = 18.89, SD = 0.62, female n = 18, male n = 10). Participants completed a theory-based questionnaire at time 1 and two weeks later at time 2. Internal consistency between direct items and correlations between indirect items was conducted. Results: Results showed all constructs measured through direct items had Cronbach’s alphas over 0.8 and all indirect items measuring beliefs were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the reliability of a questionnaire to be used for a future study aimed at identifying specific belief-based intervention targets. The result of such work provides the foundations for interventions promoting participation in recreational university student sport, an expanding yet under-researched population of study.
A Grounded Theory Study of Thai Family Caregiving Process for Relatives with First Episode Psychosis

Abstract: This grounded theory study explored the family caregiving process for relatives with first-episode psychosis related to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study was conducted during May 2013-March 2014 in lower northeastern region of Thailand using semi-structured interviews and observations, and involved 31 participants from 18 Thai families. The data were analyzed by using Strauss and Corbin’s constant comparative method until theoretical saturation was achieved. The core category emerging from the data was Balancing family life, which consisted of three phases: 1) Communicating to gain support and understanding, 2) Capturing solution, and 3) Engaging in the family caregiving role. To keep balance in their family life, family members needed to encourage and support each other and gain understanding toward the illness on Phase I. They also consulted one another; got suggestions from older or senior person; or depended on the primary caregiver’s decision for capturing solutions for care for their relatives in Phase 2. Finally, in Phase 3 they developed their sense of caring; shared care responsibility; provided essential care and controlling illness symptoms once they engage in the family caregiving role. These rich findings provide insight into caregiving in the Thai family context, especially in how they interacted and helped each other in order to provide care for relatives with first episode psychosis. Understanding of this process can assist with the development of interventions to enhance family members’ abilities to take on the caregiver role and to provide effective care for their relatives with first-episode psychosis.
Modeling of circulatory system with coronary circulation and the POLVAD ventricular assist device

This paper presents an application of a numerical package for modeling and simulation of human circulatory system. The model includes a coronary circulation and the parallel heart assistance. The cases of the simulation of the proper and the pathology circulation conditions, such as left or right heart failure are shown. A description of the coronary circulation system is presented and obtained coronary sinus occlusion simulation results are included. An implementation of the whole package as a part of PExSim application is contained. The identification experiment for the ventricular assist device has been described and different methods of the artificial ventricle modeling are presented. An example of use of a fuzzy logic to presentation the dynamics of the POLVAD device is also included. Advantages of developed simulation platform are discussed.
Multi-parameter modulation for secure communication via Lorenz chaos

A multi-parameter modulation scheme is proposed for secure communication via Lorenz chaos using an adaptive learning mechanism. It is proved using the Lyapunov method that under the scheme, the tracking performance of the scheme can be guaranteed. It is also shown that by incorporating a low pass filter structure into the structure of the receiver, good tracking performance can be achieved when the signals to be transmitted contain noises. Simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method proposed.
Econom(etr)ics of crime and litigation

Economists approach the behaviour of potential criminals, litigants and law enforcement agencies in terms of rational choice: the actors choose the best alternatives in terms of costs and benefits within the choices open to them. The prime focus of economists is on the general factors in society affecting the crime and litigation level and on the interaction between the crime and litigation level and the legal system. In doing so they have to study the interaction between the micro level of individual decision making and the macro level of the law enforcement system reacting on these decisions. Data are often only available at aggregate (macro) level. Econometric studies at the macro level, especially time series, have the problem that many effects have to be estimated from a limited number of data. Various types of studies and some empirical results regarding crime, litigation and the workload of judicial services are discussed.