Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple front propagation into unstable states.

The dynamics of transient patterns formed by front propagation in extended nonequilibrium systems is considered. Under certain circumstances, the state left behind a front propagating into an unstable homogeneous state can be an unstable periodic pattern. It is found by a numerical solution of a model of the Fr\'eedericksz transition in nematic liquid crystals that the mechanism of decay of such periodic unstable states is the propagation of a second front which replaces the unstable pattern by a another unstable periodic state with larger wavelength. The speed of this second front and the periodicity of the new state are analytically calculated with a generalization of the marginal stability formalism suited to the study of front propagation into periodic unstable states. PACS: 47.20. Ky, 03.40. Kf, 47.54. +r
Brain and cognitive reserve: Mediator(s) and construct validity, a critique

The concept of “reserve” has traditionally been defined on the basis of a single indicator (e.g., education or intracranial volume) that purports to moderate or buffer the effects of brain damage on different clinical outcomes. While studies have shown modest effects for some indicators, it has left the concept of “reserve” wanting as an explanatory construct. More recently efforts have been made to identify groups of indicators hypothesized to represent a construct for brain or cognitive reserve. These efforts have also proved wanting because of the lack of evidence to justify such a priori groupings of variables into a brain or cognitive reserve construct. This theoretical paper addresses the issue of construct validity (convergent and discriminant) for both brain and cognitive reserve as single or multiple reserve factors. Conceptual models are proposed that are (a) derived from the current extant reserve literature and (b) empirically testable in order to facilitate establishment of construct validity for the commonly used, and perhaps misused, brain and cognitive reserve concepts.
Resource aware and reliable data reporting algorithm for object tracking in WSNs

Object tracking have become one of the major applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to its wide real-life applications such as wildlife animal monitoring and military area intrusion detection. Many recent articles have been dedicated to localization of objects; however, few of these articles were concentrated on the reliability of network data reporting along with objects localization. In this work, an efficient data reporting method is proposed for object tracking in WSNs. Energy is considered as one of the most critical resources for WSN. Data transmission from the nodes to the sink along with the minimum energy path could be one of the solutions to minimize the overall network energy consumption. However, this might lead to unbalanced energy among sensor nodes resulting in, energy hole problem. Moreover, the reliable data transmission is an essential aspect that should be considered when designing a WSN for object tracking application, where the loss of data packets will affect the accuracy of the tracking and location estimation of a mobile object. Furthermore, due to the limited memory resources of sensor nodes, full utilization of such resources with less buffer overflow remains as a one of main consideration when a WSN application is designed. Consequently, this paper aims to achieve both minimum energy consumption in reporting operation and balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes for WSN lifetime extension. In addition, data reliability is considered in our model where, the sensed data can reach the sink node in a more reliable way. Finally, buffer space is considered in to reduce the packet loss and energy consumption due to the retransmission of the same packets. This work first formulates the problem as 0/1 Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem, and proposes SWARM intelligence to solve the optimization problem. Through simulation, the performance of proposed method to report information about the detected objects to the sink is compared with the previous work such as LR-based object tracking algorithm, EBRP, ACO, TADR, SEB, and CLR-Routing.
Numerical Simulations of Heat Transfer in Plane Channel Flow

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes “RANS” turbulence models (such as k-ε models) are still widely used for engineering applications because of their relatively simplicity and robustness. In fully developed plane channel flow (i.e. the flow between two infinitely large plates), even if available models and near-wall treatments provide adequate mean flow velocities, they fail to predict suitable turbulent kinetic energy “TKE” profiles near walls. TKE is involved in determination of eddy viscosity/diffusivity and could therefore provide inaccurate concentrations and temperatures. In order to improve TKE a User Defined Function “UDF” based on an analytical profile for TKE was developed and implemented in FLUENT. Mean streamwise velocity and TKE profiles were compared to DNS data for friction Reynolds number Reτ = 150. Simulation results for TKE show accurate profiles. Simulation results for horizontal heated channel flows obtained with FLUENT are presented. Numerical results are validated by direct numerical simulation “DNS” data for Reτ = 150.
Design of a novel 6/5 segmental rotor type switched reluctance motor

This paper presents a novel 6/5 segmental rotor type switched reluctance motor (SRM) for cooling fan application. Different from conventional structures, the proposed structure of rotor consists of a series of discrete segments, and the stator is constructed from two types of stator poles: exciting and auxiliary poles. Furthermore, in this structure short flux paths are taken and no flux reversion exists in the stator. Compared with conventional SRM, the proposed structure increases the electrical utilization of the machine and reduces the core losses, which may leads to a high efficiency. To verify the proposed structure, finite element method (FEM) is employed to get static and dynamic characteristics. Meanwhile, conventional 12/8 SRM is also analyzed for comparison.
A reduced number of hippocampal granule cells does not associate with an anhedonia-like phenotype in a rat chronic mild stress model of depression

Several clinical and preclinical studies have indicated that hippocampal shrinkage and decreased neurogenesis are implicated in the pathology of depression. Recent animal studies have shown, however, that the development of depression-related symptoms may take place through neurogenesis-independent pathways. To evaluate whether the stress-induced morphological changes in the hippocampal formation are causally related to the development of anhedonia-like symptoms, we combined the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model of depression with stereological estimations of the number of proliferating progenitors, the total number of granule cells, and the volume of the ventral hippocampal formation (VHF). First, we found that stress-susceptible and stress-resilient animals, as categorized according to the behavioral read-out, both have a decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation. Our results also indicated that the anhedonia-like state in CMS rats develops prior to maximal suppression of cell proliferation, but correlates with a reduction in the total number of granule cells in the VHF. Furthermore, recovery from depression-related symptoms correlated with re-establishment of proliferation rates, but not with the total number of granule cells. Notably, decreases in the number of granule cells occurred independently of the induction of an anhedonia-like phenotype. There were no stress-induced changes in the volume of the VHF. We conclude that cell proliferation and a reduction in the total number of granule cells in the VHF are triggered by chronic stress, but do not associate with development of an anhedonia-like state in rats.
Comparative Evaluation of Term Informativeness Measures in Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics

Most metrics in use for automatic evaluation of machine translation in use equally weigh different matched words in candidate and reference translations, ignoring the fact that each word contributes a different amount of information to the meaning of a sentence. We experiment with ten measures of term informativeness for the purpose of examining their performance in rating the information loads of words in machine translated texts. The information theoretic measure information gain is found to bring about a nearly 12% improvement in correlation with human judgments of translation quality under an optimal setting. We also assess how various parameters may affect the performance of these measures, among which data size turns out to be the most influential factor. A dataset of around 80 documents, 700 segments, with 4 versions of reference translation, is found to offer the most desirable performance.
Matching Two Perspective Views

A computational approach to image matching is described. It uses multiple attributes associated with each image point to yield a generally overdetermined system of constraints, taking into account possible structural discontinuities and occlusions. In the algorithm implemented, intensity, edgeness, and cornerness attributes are used in conjunction with the constraints arising from intraregional smoothness, field continuity and discontinuity, and occlusions to compute dense displacement fields and occlusion maps along the pixel grids. The intensity, edgeness, and cornerness are invariant under rigid motion in the image plane. In order to cope with large disparities, a multiresolution multigrid structure is employed. Coarser level edgeness and cornerness measures are obtained by blurring the finer level measures. The algorithm has been tested on real-world scenes with depth discontinuities and occlusions. A special case of two-view matching is stereo matching, where the motion between two images is known. The algorithm can be easily specialized to perform stereo matching using the epipolar constraint. >
Quality of Bread from Composite Flour of Sorghum and Hard White Winter Wheat

This study was carried out to investigate the baking properties of whole, decorticated sorghum- (Sorghum bicolor) - wheat (Triticum aestivum Desf.) composite flours as well as to determine the physical characteristics and organoleptic quality of pan and balady breads made from those flours. Whole and decorticated sorghum flours were used to replace 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight of bread wheat flour. Sensory evaluation results showed that up to 20% wheat replacement with whole or decorticated sorghum flour produced acceptable pan and balady breads. Decreases, however, were noted in all sensory properties except odor.
Can oral contrast enhance image quality at MRCP ? A literature review

1 RESEARCH QUESTION . 3 BACKGROUND . 3 MRI Modality . 3 Negative & positive oral contrast . 4 Patient experience. 4 Preparations before an MRI . 5 Perspective and presumptions . 7 AIM . 8 METHOD . 8 Data Collection . 10 Data analysis . 10 Ethical Considerations . 11 RESULTS . 11 Juices & Date syrup . 12 Black tea . 13 DISCUSSION . 17 Discussion of chosen method . 17 Discussion of the main findings of the results . 18 Conclusions & Clinical implementations . 20 REFERENCES . 22
Combining Linked Data and knowledge engineering best practices to design a lightweight role ontology

Defining roles of agents i.e., people, organisations, etc. is required in various Semantic Web applications, including access control, knowledge management and skill repository. So far, many theoretical discussions have taken place on the nature of roles and how to represent them. In this paper, we present how we implemented a lightweight OWL-DL ontology that allows to represent roles and their relations to agents. We especially focus on the various steps for choosing a well-founded model that is compatible with the general design principle of creating and consuming lightweight and easily re-usable ontology components for the Semantic Web. Our criteria to assess the “beauty” of an ontology component, in particular, are derived from practical requirements that are typical to Linked Data applications. Hence, our modeling proposal follows an original approach that bridges a gap between the Linked Data philosophy and more theoretical issues of ontology engineering. We also describe a use-case in which this ontology has been used, demonstrating in practice the benefits of our model for maintaining, browsing and querying Linked Data.
Optically reconfigurable microstrip UWB bandpass filters

This paper presents an optically reconfigurable microstrip ultra-wideband filter. A single optical switch comprised of a silicon wafer is activated using near infra-red light to select between either a bandpass or bandstop response. With the switch in the ON state, the circuit behaves as a bandpass filter while in the OFF state, the circuit behaves as a bandstop filter in the same frequency band. The proposed filter was designed, fabricated and tested. Its performance was evaluated through simulation and measurements.
The Coarse-Grained / Fine-Grained Logic Interface in FPGAs with Embedded Floating-Point Arithmetic Units

This paper examines the interface between fine-grained and coarse-grained programmable logic in FPGAs. Specifically, it presents an empirical study that covers the location, pin arrangement, and interconnect between embedded floating point units (FPUs) and the fine-grained logic fabric in FPGAs. The results show that (1) FPUs should be square, (2) FPUs should be positioned tightly near the center of the FPGA and (3) that the FPU pins should be arranged on four sides of the FPU.
Do bigger cities contribute to economic growth in surrounding areas ? Evidence from county-level data in China

This paper focuses on the role of city interaction in influencing local economic growth using county-level data in China. According to literature on urban and regional economics, the impacts of a high-tier city on its surrounding areas depend on the interaction of growth spillover effect and agglomeration shadow effect. The empirical evidence in this paper illustrates that higher-tier cities have positive effects on economic growth for nearby counties, suggesting the dominant growth spillover effect over agglomeration shadow effect. This analysis also reveals the negative effect of institutional barriers associated with spatial deprivation and local protectionism on the interrelationship between a higher-tiered city and its neighboring counties. The positive effect of a higher-tiered city on economic growth for the surrounding county under its jurisdiction is found to be weaker, providing empirical evidence of spatial deprivation. On the other hand, the positive link between higher-tiered city and the county nearby is found to be thinner as they belong to different provinces. This finding is consistent with local protectionism
A novel learning objective function using localized generalization error bound for RBF network

A major issue of pattern classification problems is to train a classifier with good generalization capability. In this paper, a novel training objective function using the localized generalization error model (L-GEM) is proposed for a RBF network. The weight parameter of a RBF network is calculated to minimize its localized generalization error bound. The proposed training objective function is compared with well-known training methods: minimizing training error, Tikhonov Regularization and Weight Decay. Experimental results show that RBF networks trained by minimizing the proposed objective function consistently outperform other methods.
Multipoint linkage mapping of the Xq25‐q26 region in a family affected by the X‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

We have performed, in a large Swiss family, a study of linkage between various DNA markers in the Xq24–27 region and the locus for the X‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP). Our results indicated that the marker DXS37 in Xq25‐q26 is genetically linked to the XLP syndrome. The multipoint linkage analysis showed that the disease locus is distal to DXS11, but proximal to the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl‐transferase gene (HPRT).
Visualization and Manipulation of Plasma Membrane-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Indicates the Presence of Additional Molecular Components within the STIM1-Orai1 Complex*♦

STIM1, a recently identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, rapidly translocates to a plasma membrane-adjacent ER compartment upon depletion of the ER Ca2+ stores. Here we use a novel means, namely a chemically inducible bridge formation between the plasma and ER membranes, to highlight the plasma membrane-adjacent ER compartment and show that this is the site where STIM1 and its Ca2+ channel partner, Orai1, form a productive interaction upon store depletion. By changing the length of the linkers connecting the plasma and ER membranes, we show that Orai1 requires a larger space than STIM1 between the two membranes. This finding suggests that Orai1 is part of a larger macromolecular cluster with an estimated 11-14-nm protrusion to the cytoplasm, whereas the cytoplasmic domain of STIM1 fits in a space calculated to be less than 6 nm. We finally show that agonist-induced translocation of STIM1 is rapidly reversible and only partially affects STIM1 in the juxtanuclear ER compartment. These studies are the first to detect juxtaposed areas between the ER and the plasma membrane in live cells, revealing novel details of STIM1-Orai1 interactions.
Structural Graph Clustering: Scalable Methods and Applications for Graph Classification and Regression

This thesis focuses on graph clustering. It introduces scalable methods for clustering large databases of small graphs by common scaffolds, i.e., the existence of one sufficiently large subgraph shared by all cluster elements. Further, the thesis studies applications for classification and regression. The experimental results show that it is for the first time possible to cluster millions of graphs within a reasonable time using an accurate scaffold-based similarity measure.
Working Paper Coordination under the shadow of career concerns

Coordination under the Shadow of Career Concerns To innovate, employees need to develop novel ideas and coordinate with each other to turn these ideas into better products and services. Work outcomes provide signals about employees' abilities to the labor market, and therefore career concerns arise. These can both be 'good' (enhancing incentives for effort in developing ideas) and 'bad' (preventing voluntary coordination). Our model shows how the firm designs its explicit incentive system and organizes work processes to take these conflicting forces into account. The comparative statics results suggest a link between the increased use of teams and recent changes in labor market returns to skills. JEL Classification: D86, J30, L14, L20, M12, O30
SERIALLY CONCATENATED HIGH RATE CONVOLUTIONAL CODES WITH CONTINUOUS PHASE MODULATION

We propose serially concatenated convolutional codes with continuous phase modulation for aeronautical telemetry. Such a concatenated code has an outer encoder whose code words are permuted by an interleaver, and a modulation, which is viewed as a code and takes the interleaved words as its input and produces the modulated signal. Since bandwidth expansion is a concern when coding is introduced, we focus on high rate punctured codes of rates 2/3 through 9/10. These are obtained by puncturing the basic rate 1/2 convolutional codes with maximal free distance. At the receiver end we use a reduced complexity iterative decoding algorithm which is essentially a soft input soft output decoding algorithm. These simple highly powerful concatenated codes produce high coding gains with minimum bandwidth expansion.
Comparison of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging in the differentiation of glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis : meta-analysis

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for the diagnosis of differentiating glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis through a meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of all available studies of the diagnostic performance of DWI and MRS for differentiating glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis. PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical databases (CBM) were searched for initial studies. Pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. Results: 5 studies involving 112 patients (116 lesions) met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. For DWI, the pooled sensitivity of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was 0.80 and specificity was 0.81. Overall, PLR was 3.90, NLR was 0.28 and DOR was 17.53. For MRS, the pooled sensitivity of Cho/Cr was 0.86 and specificity was 0.79. PLR was 3.37, NLR was 0.22, and DOR was 21.04. The pooled sensitivity of Cho/NAA was 0.75 and specificity was 0.88, PLR was 4.57, NLR was 0.27, and DOR was 25.83. Without statistically significant differences except for the fact that the pooled sensitivity of Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr, and Cho/NAA also displayed higher area under the curve and Q *index compared with ADC (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both DWI and MRS were accurate tools for detecting glioma recurrence. Although MRS seemed to be superior to DWI, the latter could also be used to differentiate glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis when the former was unavailable. However, MRS and DWI could play different roles in differentiating glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis. Because of significant publication bias, pooled diagnostic measures might be overvalued. Large-sample randomized controlled studies were needed to establish its value for differentiating glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis.
An improved method of spectral unmixing and its application in water pollution monitoring

The spectral signature of a pixel in remotely sensed image in most cases is the result of the reflected spectral properties of mixed land cover types constituting the area of a pixel. This paper introduced an improved method of spectral unmixing of a remote sensing image and its application in water pollution monitoring and assessing. In this paper, a TM image of the Dianchi Lake received on October 4, 2001 was processed and analyzed. The method can not only give the abundance images of surface cover types constituting the area of a pixel, but also get the classification image. By the classification image, we can know the distribution of each type of water pollution in Dianchi Lake. Moreover, the factors affecting the classification product were discussed and some research aspects for the future were put forward.
Excitation of arbitrary shapes by gradient optimized random walk in discrete k‐space

A new technique for the excitation of arbitrary shapes is proposed. It is based on a parallel sequence of small tip angle RF pulses and gradient pulses. The small tip angle rotations co‐add yielding a 90° excitation pulse within the selected excitation profile while outside the profile, the rotations cancel each other. A full theory of the completely arbitrary regional volume excitation (CARVE) method is presented and experimentally verified. In CARVE, k‐space is discrete because the RF is applied in pulses. The discrete character of k‐space permits an arbitrary trajectory for the k‐space walk. The optimal random trajectory is found by minimizing the gradient load using simulated annealing. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that such a trajectory is much better than any other systematic or random trajectory in k‐space.