Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and associated socio-economic inequalities in the UK

Abstract The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is an effective measure in the prevention and treatment of CVD. We evaluated recent trends in socio-economic differences in the DASH score in the UK population, using education, occupation and income as proxies of socio-economic position (SEP). We analysed data on 6416 subjects aged 18 years and older collected in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2016). The DASH score was calculated using sex-specific quintiles of DASH items. Multiple linear regression and quantile regression models were used to evaluate the trend in DASH score according to SEP. The mean DASH score was 24 (sd 5). The estimated mean difference between people with no qualification and those having the highest level of education was −3·61 (95 % CI −4·00, −3·22) points. The mean difference between subjects engaged in routine occupations and those engaged in high managerial and professional occupations was −3·41 (95 % CI −3·89, −2·93) points and for those in the first fifth and last fifth of the household income distribution was −2·71 (95 % CI −3·15, −2·28) points. DASH score improved over time, and no significant differences in the trend were observed across SEP. The widest socio-economic differences emerged for consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds and legumes. Despite an overall increase in the DASH score, a persisting SEP gap was observed. This is an important limiting factor in reducing the high socio-economic inequality in CVD observed in the UK.
Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China

Background From the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread in central China. Social capital is a measure of social trust, belonging, and participation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. Methods Individuals (n=170) who self-isolated at home for 14 days in central China, completed self-reported questionnaires on the third day of isolation. Individual social capital was assessed using the Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCI-16) questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire, stress was assessed using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR) questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between a dependent variable (social capital) and two or more independent variables, using Pearson’s correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results Low levels of social capital were associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress, but increased levels of social capital were positively associated with increased quality of sleep. Anxiety was associated with stress and reduced sleep quality, and the combination of anxiety and stress reduced the positive effects of social capital on sleep quality. Conclusion During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress.
Tracking of Obesity in Childhood into Adulthood: Effects on Body Mass Index and Fat Mass Index at Age 50.

Background: Obesity is present in 17% of US youth, age 2-19 years, but the extent to which obesity in childhood is associated with higher BMI and fat mass in middle age is unclear. In this study, links between childhood body size and BMI and body composition at age ∼50 were assessed. Methods: Child Health and Development Studies participants, born between 1960 and 1963 in Alameda County, and still living in California, from whom anthropometric data were collected at age 5, 9-11, and/or 15-17 years were followed-up at age ∼50 for anthropometric outcomes (251 women; 249 men). Linear regression analyses assessed whether overweight (85th to <95th BMI percentile) or obesity (≥95th BMI percentile) at age 5 were associated with BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and lean mass index (LMI) at age ∼50. Results: At age 50, participants with obesity at age 5 had BMI scores that were 6.51 units higher [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.67-9.35] than participants who were normal weight at age 5; FMI and LMI scores were 4.15 (95% CI = 1.98-6.32) and 2.36 (95% CI = 1.45-3.26) units higher, respectively. However, obesity experienced at age 5 had only a modest positive predictive value for predicting the presence of obesity at age 50 (67%), whereas obesity present at age 15-17 had a higher positive predictive value (86%). Conclusions: The experience of obesity at age 5 for members of this birth cohort was associated with significantly higher BMI, FMI, and LMI at age ∼50.
Assessment of DCE Utility for PCa Diagnosis Using PI-RADS v2.1: Effects on Diagnostic Accuracy and Reproducibility

The role of dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) for Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scoring is a controversial topic. In this retrospective study, we aimed to measure the added value of DCE-MRI in combination with T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using PI-RADS v2.1, in terms of reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy, for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (CS-PCa, for Gleason Score ≥ 7). 117 lesions in 111 patients were identified as suspicion by multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and addressed for biopsy. Three experienced readers independently assessed PI-RADS score, first using biparametric MRI (bpMRI, including DWI and T2W), and then multiparametric MRI (also including DCE). The inter-rater and inter-method agreement (bpMRI- vs. mpMRI-based scores) were assessed by Cohen’s kappa (κ). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for PCa and CS-PCa detection among the two scores. Inter-rater agreement was excellent for the three pairs of readers (κ ≥ 0.83), while the inter-method agreement was good (κ ≥ 0.73). Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) showed similar high-values (0.8 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.85). The reproducibility of PI-RADS v2.1 scoring was comparable and high among readers, without relevant differences, depending on the MRI protocol used. The inclusion of DCE did not influence the diagnostic accuracy.
Laboratory and In-Situ Testing of Integrated FBG Sensors for SHM for Concrete and Timber Structures

Long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) plays an important role in the safety of public transport infrastructure such as bridges or tunnels and warns in the event of any emerging problem. This article describes development and testing of system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors that can detect changes in strain and temperature. The first phase of the research has been focused on the development of new fiber optic sensors for the monitoring of concrete structures and their investigation in laboratory conditions. The work also shows novel applicability of the same FBG technology for glulam structures. Mechanical loading tests of the concrete beam as well as glulam beam with embedded sensors were carried out. Data measured by developed fiber optic sensors were compared with the readings from reference sensors as well as with the analytically calculated values. The achieved results proved good agreement between the measured data, analytical data and reference methods. In second phase of the research, the pilot installation of the sensors was carried out on the newly constructed prestressed-concrete bridge. The bridge was monitored throughout pre-stressing phase and monitoring continued after the completion of the construction works. Problems with the fragility of the sensors occurred during the measurements, but the obtained results provide a good basis for further improvement of the system.
Elimination of Tobacco rattle virus from viruliferous Paratrichodorus allius in greenhouse pot experiments through cultivation of castle russet

Abstract Corky ringspot (CRS) is a widespread potato tuber necrotic disease caused by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection. In the Pacific Northwest, this virus is transmitted by the stubby root nematode (SRN) within the genus Paratrichodorus. Remediating CRS affected fields is a major challenge that can be mitigated by growing plant varieties that are resistant to TRV infection. Growing alfalfa has been shown to reduce TRV levels in CRS infested fields over time but the development of a potato cultivar with these same capabilities would be of great economic benefit to potato growers. Castle Russet is a new potato clone that does not develop symptoms of CRS disease. To assess its ability to reduce soil virus load, Castle Russet, tobacco var. “Samsun NN”, alfalfa var. “Vernema”, and Russet Burbank potato were grown for a period of 1 to 3 months in soils containing viruliferous SRN populations at two different inoculation pressures (60 nematodes/pot and 1060 nematodes/pot) in greenhouse pot experiments. SRN population size and the presence of TRV were assessed over several months post inoculation. Results indicate that plant host and length of exposure significantly influence SRN population dynamics, whereas the TRV infection status of bait plants was significantly affected by both of these factors as well as inoculation pressure. These results suggest that both alfalfa var. “Vernema” and Castle Russet are resistant to TRV infection and may potentially be used to eliminate the virus from fields affected by CRS.
Identification of novel insect β-N-acetylhexosaminidase OfHex1 inhibitors based on virtual screening, biological evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Chitin can be widely found in the fungal cell wall, nematode eggshells, and the exoskeleton of arthropods; however, it is completely absent from higher plants and mammals. The process of chitin degradation is essential for both growth and maturation of insects. Thus, inhibiting chitin degradation is a promising strategy for the control and management of pests. The chitinolytic β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase OfHex1 of Ostrinia furnacalis (one of the most destructive pests) has been suggested as a potential target for the design of eco-friendly pesticides. This study presents the sequential virtual screening of the ZINC library with 8 million compounds, targeting OfHex1. After confirmation via enzyme inhibition experiments, compound 5 exhibited potential inhibitory activity against OfHex1 with a K i of 28.9 ± 0.5 μM and significant selectivity (IC50 > 100 μM against HsHexB and hOGA). Molecular dynamics simulations combined with binding free energy and free energy decomposition calculations were conducted to investigate the molecular basis underlying the potency of these inhibitors toward OfHex1. The present work provides useful information for the future rational design of novel and potent OfHex1 inhibitors Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton’s Jelly Towards Neural Stem Cells Using a Feasible and Repeatable Protocol

The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of regenerating to the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising strategy in the treatment of CNS diseases and injury. As previous studies have highlighted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a source of NSCs, this study aimed to develop a feasible, efficient, and reproducible method for the neural induction of MSCs isolated from Wharton’s jelly (hWJ-MSCs). We induced neural differentiation in a monolayer culture using epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, N2, and B27 supplements. This resulted in a homogenous population of proliferating cells that expressed certain neural markers at both the protein and mRNA levels. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of neural markers: nestin, sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 1 and 2 (SOX1 and SOX2), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significantly enhanced expression of nestin and MAP2 in differentiated cells. This study confirms that it is possible to generate NSCs-like cells from hWJ-MSCs in a 2D culture using a practical method. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of such differentiated cells should be extended to confirm the terminal differentiation ability and electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from them.
Putting the Patient in Patient Safety Investigations: Barriers and Strategies for Involvement

Objectives In an adverse event investigation, the patients have the potential to add a unique perspective because they can identify contributing factors that providers may miss. However, patients are rarely included in patient safety investigations. We aimed to identify the barriers to patient involvement in patient safety investigations and propose strategies to overcome them. Methods We reviewed literature on active participation by patients in safety investigations to construct a framework for healthcare institutions to use in approaching patients about a potential role in investigating an error in their care. We searched 3 electronic databases (PubMed, PSNet, Web of Science) for the years 1990 to 2018, without restrictions to language. Search terms included: “patient empowerment, “patient involvement,” “patient participation,” “patient safety investigation,” “root cause analysis,” “error analysis. ” We also examined reference lists of relevant studies to identify additional articles. Results Our electronic search produced 10,624 records with 30 potentially eligible articles. However, we identified only 6 relevant published articles. We used these as the basis for a proposed framework that is predicated on the thoughtful disclosure of adverse events and has 3 main levels (i.e., patient, clinician, and institutional level). For each level, we identify barriers to patient participation and potential strategies to overcome them. Conclusions The proposed framework can be used as a starting point to promote patient involvement in error investigations. Involving patients in patient safety investigations could increase patient centeredness, patient autonomy, and transparency and make analyses more effective by adding unique and potentially actionable information.
Predicting the Demand of Prescribed Medicines in Bangladesh using Artificial Intelligent (AI) based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model

Health services are one of the necessities for a human being. Good quality and timely health services are essential for proper health conditions of human requirement. Distribution of health care facilities and services are imperative in any nation thus anticipating demand and taking pre-emptive decision to adjust the supply for the future is essential. A responsive and synchronised flow of the products is necessary. The aim of this paper is to present the forecasting model and predicted medicine demand in all district of Bangladesh.
Hybrid structured fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement base on phase demodulation

A novel dual-parameter sensor created by fusion splicing single mode fiber (SMF) and hollow core silica tube (HCST) is experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement based on hybrid structured fiberoptic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) via phase demodulation. By the phase demodulation in the spatial frequency domain, strain sensitivities of -0.002rad/με and 0.0006rad/με are respectively obtained for air-cavity and the silica-cavity with the strain range from 0με to 1000με, and the temperature sensitivities of -0.0002rad/°C and -0.01rad/°C are respectively for air-cavity and silica-cavity with the temperature range from 50°C to 450°C. Therefore, the different sensing characteristics of silica-cavity and air-cavity to strain and temperature show that this structure can be further developed to concurrently sense strain and temperature.
Measurement method of noise characterization of highly coherent laser and its applications in coherent sensing and imaging

In coherent test system like sensing, imaging and communication, the coherence of the light source is very important. Our recent advances focusing on the measurement of noise characterization of highly coherent laser and its applications in the coherent test system are reviewed. Using the noise spectrum and statistic characterization to represent the coherence is proposed. And the parallel 3-step phase-shift measurement method from 500nm to 2000nm based on the 120-degree phase difference fiber interferometer is also proposed to measure the noise characterization. Some kinds of typical highly coherent laser applied in the coherent sensing and imaging system are measured. And the impact of their performance on the application system are also discussed.
Barriers to Growth of Renewable Energy Technology in Bangladesh: Case of Solar Home System in Rural Regions

Contribution of energy towards sustainable development is uncontested. Since energy demand is increasing, and so does the concern about environment and climate change, renewable energy (RE) is being considered a tool to provide access to electricity and eradicate poverty. Even with progressive national economy in Bangladesh, majority of rural populations are deprived from grid electricity. Due to heavy investment needed in infrastructure development for grid connectivity, a promising alternative is renewable energy technology (RET) that caters power and energy need of non-electrified rural communities. This research investigates the barrier to RET growth for developing rural electrification and considers solar home system (SHS) a case. The study included non-parametric test and literature survey. Two dispersedly located villages from the districts of Noakhali and Sirajganj, were selected for the study. A total of 171 respondents were surveyed. The findings showed that people enjoying different modes of purchase for SHS: full cash payment and installment payment and identified usage constraints. Besides, demand-side and supply-side barriers were also identified which included lack of promotional activity, economic condition and lack of awareness along with financial barriers. Thus, insights from this research outlines policy framework for the widespread adoption of RET in off-grid regions.
Enhanced dynamic range of the grating array based zonal wavefront sensor using a zone wise scanning method

Grating array based zonal wavefront sensor (GAZWFS), using an array of gratings implemented with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) to display the gratings, offers a flexible measurement approach. But the wavefront with a large slope may not accurately be sensed by the sensor like any Shack- Hartmann type sensor. In this paper, we propose a zone wise scanning method to improve the dynamic range of GAZWFS by blocking and unblocking the individual gratings. The estimation of the wavefront and expansion of the dynamic range of GAZWFS by the zone wise scanning method is demonstrated by numerical simulation and a proof-of-principle experimental implementation.
Multispectral photoacoustic Doppler velocimetry with intensity modulated high repetition supercontinnum laser pulses

Previous photoacoustic flow measurements have been demonstrated with various modalities including Doppler frequency shift measurement from intensity modulated continuous laser wave and pulsed photoacoustic Doppler cross- correlation from nanosecond laser pulse. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new type of photoacoustic Doppler velocimetry based on a hybrid approach: we applied a supercontinnum laser source with picosecond pulse and 40 MHz repetition rate, and then use electo-optic modulator to modulate the intensity at 1 MHz. This method can potentially improve the signal to noise ratio due to pulse excitation of photoacoustic signal, and at the same time to achieve the high resolution of Doppler frequency shift due to the intensity modulation. With this method, we measured the moving speeds of various samples at the range of 0.1-1.6mm/s and obtained accurate results. The extra advantage of using supercontinnum laser pulses is that the spectral range can be chosen by using spectral filter thus to realize the multispectral measurement. To demonstrate this, we set the spectral filter working at five ranges at 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm center wavelengths all with 100nm spectral width and measured different materials as moving targets fixed on the translation stage, including such as graphene thin layer, black tape, red and black dyed microspheres.
NOMA-based visible light non-pre-equalization communication system

This paper proposes an innovative approach to improve the adjustable bandwidth of the LED, a pre-equalization circuit is used at the end of the transmitting system in the traditional visible light communication system. However, the preequalization circuit causes a large amount of energy loss while increasing the adjustable bandwidth of the LED. To save energy on the pre-equalization circuit, we adopt an advance approach known as, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) [1] in our visible light communication system (VLC). By adopting this method, different signals can be provided by different variation of power with the help of transmitter, without increasing the adjustable bandwidth of the LED. These signals are superimpose in the power domain and after this process signals are transmitted through LED. In the receiver module, serial interference cancellation (SIC) technology is adopted to demodulate these singles. Simulation results will show that our proposed system can save a large amount of energy on the pre-equalization circuit.
3D extrinsic joint calibration of 3D-Flash-LiDAR and camera system

Recent years, people pay great attention to the fusion of different kinds of sensors include camera, radar, LiDAR and so on. Since each sensor has its own advantage and disadvantage in automatic drive and obstacle detection, the fusion of sensors is more robust and reliable. In this paper, we present a novel target calibration of LiDAR-camera system. We use a 3D Flash LiDAR which has a resolution of 320×240, much cheaper and more reliable than Scanning LiDAR, and we use the camera which has a resolution of 1280×1024. We propose a novel target calibration method. The 3D target can provide both geometric features and visual features. This method is fast, easy to estimate all the six parameters of the extrinsic calibration. Our experiments validate our method and show that it achieves good accuracy.
Privacy Protection Method of Document Management Based on Homomorphic Encryption on the Fabric Platform

Certificates of assets and capabilities contain personal privacy information. At present, certificate management still adopts the traditional centralized management method, and the registered information is stored in a clear text, thereby leading to a weak tamper resistance of information and is not conducive to the protection of privacy information. Ciphertext storage leads to the difficulty of information query and statistics. In addressing the two problems mentioned above, this study applies blockchain and homomorphic encryption technology in certificate management system, and proposes to use Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm under Fabric blockchain platform to protect personal privacy, realize ciphertext storage of personal information, improve the ability to resist external network intrusion, and use the homomorphic additivity of Paillier algorithm to create statistics on data in ciphertext space thus improving the protection of users' privacy information. Finally, in accordance with the method proposed in this study, the chaincode is written, and the blockchain network performance under the chaincode is tested using the caliper test framework. The BatchTimeout and PreferredMaxBytes parameters are optimized to reduce the delay in time and improve the throughput rate of the system.