Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
bKash vs. Bank-led Option: Factors Influencing Customer’s Preferences – Does it Warrant Voluntary-Insurance-Policy for Rapid-growth Digital-banking in Bangladesh-economy?

In today’s technology-driven world-economy, banking-services have been modernized where customers compete for comparative time-saving-options. Bangladesh, a developing country, is no exception. Besides traditional banking, Agent-banking, bKash, Western-Union etc. serve new-way financial-services. But, in 21st-Century business-mentality era, many factors are unpredictable. Strict laws & application can marginalize the magnitudes of Perceived-risk where developed countries are ahead of developing countries. But it does not guarantee risk-free digital-transaction where developing countries are vulnerable. It might have led a slower growth of digital-banking in countries like Bangladesh. Dealing with determinant Perceived-risk, current author proposed Voluntary-Insurance policy (Rahman, 2018) that deserves to be scrutinized. Using Factor Analysis and Hypothesis Testing on customers’ opinions helps identifying factors that have undermined the growth-trend of bank-led digital. Attributes “Phone call confirmation” has influenced customer’s preference using bKash. “No transaction fee” has influenced using bank-led digital. Addressing risk-factors, Voluntary-Insurance in place can ensure secured digital-banking that can enhance growth of usages digital-banking.
An Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Oxaazatetracyclo [5.5.0.03,11.05,9]dodecane Derivatives

ABSTRACT A condensation between mesylamide and glyoxal under highly acidic conditions was studied. A series of new compounds whose structures contain a moiety of oxaazatetracyclo[5.5. 0.03,11.05,9]dodecane were synthesized. The synthesis processes were optimized and main factors affecting the assembling of cage products were revealed. Assumptions are made regarding the formation mechanism of these chemical entities. For the first time, compounds have been obtained that include moieties of 2,6,8-trioxa-4,10,12-triazatetracyclo[5.5. 0.03,11.05,9]dodecane and 2,4,6-trioxa-8,10,12-triazatetracyclo[5.5. 0.03,11.05,9]dodecane. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the new compounds was performed.
Population Transcriptomes Reveal the Interspecific Adaptive Genetic Differentiation of Liriodendron by Landscape Genetics

Background: Adaptive genetic differentiation is a hotspot in the research of speciation mechanisms in evolutionary biology. Genomic resources are important for detecting ecological adaptive evolution of non-model plants. Using RNA-seq for non-model plants is a good approach to obtain their genomic resources. The combination of population transcriptome resources and environmental data can provide insights into the genetic mechanism of adaptive genetic differentiation.Results: Based on the population transcriptome data, we investigated the spatial distribution of genetic variations in Liriodendron to detect relationships between ecological factors and genetic differentiation. Environmental data and genetic variations from 17 populations were integrated to detect the population structure, adaptive genes and key environmental factors that shape the population genetic structure by landscape genetic approach. Here, we identified 16592 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The population structure analysis results showed that 17 populations were divided into three groups: L. tulipifera, eastern group and western group of L. chinense. Redundancy analysis and latent factor mixed model analysis suggested that precipitation seasonality, precipitation in the driest quarter, diurnal temperature, and solar radiation in May were closely associated with the adaptive genetic differentiation of Liriodendron. Ecological niche differentiation analysis implied significant ecological niche divergence between L. chinense and L. tulipifera habitats. In total, 858 environment-related loci were identified, which were associated with 464 genes. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in multiple biological pathways. Related studies confirmed that these biological pathways play vital roles in plant growth, development, stress, immune response and photosynthesis.Conclusions: Our research provided empirical evidence that environmental factors may play a key role in driving adaptive genetic differentiation of species. Furthermore, the combination of population transcriptome resources and environmental datasets provides new insights into the study of adaptive genetic differentiation of species.
Studies on the Cross-linking of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)

This paper is concerned with the cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using maleic acid as the cross-linker. The curative (maleic acid) dose and the curing temperature and time were varied between 2.5 and 60% (w/w), 120 and 160 -C and 30 and 120 min, respectively. From a thorough swelling study in both hot and cold water (percentage swelling, gel content, swelling ratio, etc-) the optimum curative dose and curing conditions have been evaluated. The molecular weight between the cross-links exhibited a sharp fall up to a maleic acid dose of 20% (w/w). A comparative evaluation of maleic acid cross-linked and heat-treated PVA films has been done. Better heat stability for maleic acid cross-linked PVA was observed from thermogravimetric analysis. A shift in glass transition temperature was observed for both heat-treated and maleic acid treated PVA compared with the virgin one. IR spectroscopic study indicated the presence of an ester linkage and an olefinic double bond in maleic acid treated and heat-treated PVA films, respectively. Maleic acid crosslinked PVA is quite stable in different polar and nonpolar solvents. A definite structural pattern has been observed in maleic acid cross-linked PVA films through scanning electron microscopy.
Application of Deep Learning in the Construction of Public Information Platform during Covid-19

: Under the circumstance of COVID-19 outbreak, the construction of public information platforms under the epidemic becomes an important guarantee for maintaining social stability and boosting the confidence for the people. At present, public information platforms are facing several problems: information collection is massive and complex, information release is random and subjective, information collation is scattered and fragmented, and information security . As an important part of artificial intelligence, deep learning can improve the collection, processing and transmission of information, and improve the speed and accuracy of information processing. Given the current situation, combined with deep learning, setting up public information classification models, designing intelligent auditing technical solutions, establishing epidemic information classification management system, and plan privacy protection technology processes based on homomorphic encryption and deep learning to explore The deep integration of artificial intelligence and public information platform construction provides a reference for improving the intelligence of public information platform construction.
Addressing multi-dimensional injustice in indigenous adaptation: the case of Uganda’s Batwa community

ABSTRACT Indigenous peoples, who depend on their environment for livelihoods and are often subject to poverty and socio-economic marginalization, are some of the most vulnerable to climate change. While the rights of Indigenous peoples are recognized internationally, these are not translated into adaptation responses. Using insights from theories of environmental justice in the case of Uganda’s Batwa community, we assess how justice-related factors impact their adaptive capacities and whether these are incorporated in the design and implementation of adaptation responses. Our findings reveal a multi-dimensional range of systemic injustices experienced by Batwa, resulting from their continued social-economic, cultural and political marginalization. Additionally, a variety of projects are happening locally in relation to ‘adaptation’ but not labelled as such, suggesting how Batwa's vulnerability is rooted in wider aspects of livelihoods and development. Most projects tend to focus on distribution of material benefits, while less attention is paid to the more intricate issues of compensation, political discrimination and uneven participation. This depoliticized and compartmentalized approach suggests a slow and incomplete way of operationalizing justice. Hence, we call for sincere efforts to address recognition, rights, and disproportionate levels of disadvantage for Indigenous communities, including their constitutional recognition, financial redress and participation in decision-making.
Genome-wide Mutation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic and researchers have built phylogenetic trees to trace the spread of the virus. However, the accumulation rate of variations and mutational hotspots remain largely unclear. Results: We collected more than 3,100 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from GISAID and profiled the landscape of whole genome variations. We detected 2,096 single nucleic variants (SNVs) and seven short deletions. 1,224 of them (58.4%) are missenses variation, altering the corresponding residues. We found the accumulation rate of SNVs in the current spreading situation is 6.36e-2/day. We found 15 missenses SNVs are extremely high frequent (existing in more than 100 genome sequences, p < 1e-5), effecting ORF1ab, S, ORF3a, M, ORF8, and N. Moreover, one frequent substitution at locus 23,403 changes the 614th amino acid of spike glycoprotein from D to G, potentially effecting the functions of this key protein. Conclusion: Our study provided the genome-wide mutation landscape of SARS-CoV-2. We found the continent specific mutational patterns and 15 missenses high frequent SNVs effecting 6 genes of the virus, may promoting the adaption of the virus during evolving.
Considering Costs of Complications in Bariatric Surgery for the Evaluation of New Technologies based on the Example of Surgical Robotics

Purpose: The purpose of this analysis is to analyze the cost of complications of bariatric surgery to support the economic evaluation of new surgical technologies based on the example of robotic surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent robotic bariatric surgery from 2014 to 2015 with complete economic data were included. The itemized and treatment costs were derived using the REKOLE method and stratified using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: A total of 195 patients were included. 88.7% of patients underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, 6.2% underwent gastric sleeve resection, and 5.1% underwent revisional surgery. 136 patients had no complication, 42 were classified with a Clavien I complication, 6 with a Clavien II complication, and 11 with a Clavien III complication. The mean treatment costs were USD 19,857 for patients without complication, USD 20,575 for patients with a Clavien I complication, USD 29,069 for a Clavien II complication, and USD 52,473 for a Clavien III complication. Conclusion: Complications are important cost drivers with an incremental correlation to the Clavien-Dindo classification. While minor complications have a clear impact, major complications have an exponential effect on overall costs. As such, a decrease in complications might justify higher procedural costs due to the use of new technologies.
Quantum mechanical investigation of G-quartet systems of DNA

The G-quartet systems of DNA have been studied with a reliable quantum mechanical (QM) approach for the optimized monomeric and dimeric structures. Calculations on two Quadruplex systems, using the same QM method, but without optimization of the geometry, were performed for the first time to test the possibility of transferring, at least qualitatively, the results of the dimers in this essential biological system. Some essential properties (optimized geometries, energies and atomic charges) have been computed and discussed. To describe qualitatively and quantitatively the behavior of such systems, we have summarized these properties in the electric field and found that these kinds of systems have two different types of cavity: one where the minimum of the electric field is in the center and the other where this minimum is in one of the guanine planes. The addition of K+ or Na+ cations has been performed for one dimer and the importance of the optimization of the guanine planes was tested. Two stable positions of the cation are found for both the ions without this optimization; when the optimization of the guanines is considered, there is a stable position of the cation in the center of the cavity for the system with K+ and two stable positions of the cation for the system with the Na+, both inside the cavity and with a very small barrier.
Lose one's life and lose one's job with singular they: two constructions, two regional varieties, many practical aspects of working with mega-corpora

The paper compares the usage of singular they with two morphologically similar constructions in British and American English. The constructions in question are lose one’s life and lose one’s job. The results obtained suggest that singular they, at least used with the two constructions in focus of this work, seems to be more widely used in the American variety of English than in the British variety. An additional aim of this work is to present and discuss some practical aspects of working with mega-corpora. The work shows how and where quantitative language studies need to be accompanied by manual and qualitative investigations. The corpora used in this work are the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).
Billionaires in World Politics

This book shows how the privatization of politics assumes a new dimension when billionaires wield power in world politics, which requires a re-thinking of individual agency in International Relations. Structural changes (globalization, neoliberalism, competition states, and global governance) have generated new opportunities for individuals to become extremely rich and to engage in politics across borders. The political agency of billionaires is being conceptualized in terms of capacities, goals, and power, which is contingent upon the specific political field a billionaire is trying to enter. Six case studies explore the power of billionaires in their pursuit of security, wealth, and esteem. The chapter on security analyzes Raj Rajaratnam’s relationship to the Tamil cause in Sri Lanka, and Sheldon Adelson's transnational electioneering in the Israel-Palestine conflict. Regarding the economy, the book studies how the Koch brothers' political protection of fossil fuels is affecting climate change mitigation, and how Rupert Murdoch's opinion-shaping is valorizing conservatism across borders. The chapter on social entrepreneurship and esteem examines the role of Bill Gates in the governance of global health and George Soros's attempts to build open societies as a 'stateless statesman'. An analytical conclusion evaluates the prior findings in order to address three major questions: Is it more appropriate to see billionaires as 'super-actors', or as a global 'super-class'? What is the relative power of billionaires within the international system? What does the power of billionaires mean for the liberal norms of legitimate political order?
Prediction of Postoperative Pathologic Risk Factors in Cervical Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Hysterectomy by Machine Learning

Pretherapeutic serological parameters play a predictive role in pathologic risk factors (PRF), which correlate with treatment and prognosis in cervical cancer (CC). However, the method of pre-operative prediction to PRF is limited and the clinical availability of machine learning methods remains unknown in CC. Overall, 1260 early-stage CC patients treated with radical hysterectomy (RH) were randomly split into training and test cohorts. Six machine learning classifiers, including Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine with Gaussian kernel, Random Forest, Conditional Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Elastic Net, were used to derive diagnostic information from nine clinical factors and 75 parameters readily available from pretreatment peripheral blood tests. The best results were obtained by RF in deep stromal infiltration prediction with an accuracy of 70.8% and AUC of 0.767. The highest accuracy and AUC for predicting lymphatic metastasis with Cforest were 64.3% and 0.620, respectively. The highest accuracy of prediction for lymphavascular space invasion with EN was 59.7% and the AUC was 0.628. Blood markers, including D-dimer and uric acid, were associated with PRF. Machine learning methods can provide critical diagnostic prediction on PRF in CC before surgical intervention. The use of predictive algorithms may facilitate individualized treatment options through diagnostic stratification.
Use and response to phosphorus by potato clones in two cropping systems

The selection of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) that are efficient in the use of phosphorus (P) plays an important role in increasing crop productivity, reducing the cost of production due to the high price of phosphate fertilizers, as well as reducing the pollution of the environment due to the better use of the applied fertilizers. The objective of this work was to compare the method of selection of potato clones for the efficiency of use and response to P between in vitro and off - soil systems with the use of sand as substrate. To that end, potato clones SMIC 148-A, Dakota Rose, SMINIA 793101-3, SMIB 106-7, SMIF 212-3, SMIJ 319-1 and P 150 were cultivated at low and high levels of P in the culture systems in vitro (1,935 and 19,346 mg P L-1) and off-soil (2.32 and 23.2 mg P L-1). The selection of potato clones using only as a criterion the accumulation of P under low nutrient level is not adequate, both in off-soil and in vitro cultivation. Clones selected as being more efficient in the use of P in in vitro cultivation do not prove to be necessarily more efficient in off-soil cultivation. No clone remains in the same classification group regarding the efficiency of use and response to P, based on the production of dry mass, in the two cropping systems.
Methodology to Investigate the Icebreaking Process of Ships With Non-Typical Icebreaking Bow Shapes

For non-typical icebreaking ships the hull-ice interaction process in level ice comprises a combination of many different phenomena which is difficult to be described by existing straightforward approaches. In order to gain knowledge about the level ice resistance of such non-typical hull shapes for operation in ice, a methodology is developed and presented to identify and evaluate the level ice resistance as well as its distribution along the hull of ships with non-typical icebreaking bow shapes with high stem and/or small waterline angles. For this purpose, one ship model has been manufactured and instrumented with several multi-component load cells in the bow region of the waterline as well as with one large six-component load scale between the bow and the stern. Performing resistance model tests at several loading conditions, in model ice sheets of different thickness and at multiple speed values allows obtaining relevant information to meet the goals of the study. The paper focuses on the methodology used for the ice model tests and its analysis. Instrumentation of the model is fully described, together with an overview of the testing matrix and model test observations. Analysis procedure is described in details and applied on a representative test run of the campaign.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infections in Relation to ESBL and pap gene Production and Fosfomycin Sensitivity

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to emergence ofmulti-drug resistant uropathogens. Fosfomycin can be used as an alternative due to lack of cross-resistance.We aimed to evaluate in-vitro activity of fosfomycin against uropathogenic E.coli. Material and Methods: The study period was September 2017 to August 2018. Two hundred and fiftytwo urine samples were collected from women having uncomplicated cystitis. Out of these168 isolates wasE.coli, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-baeur disk diffusion method.ESBL screening was done using the double disc synergy test. Fosfomycin susceptibility was determinedby the disk diffusion method for E.coli. Prevalence of the pap gene among the isolates were checked usingamplification.Results: The study showed that among E.coli isolates frequency of ESBL producers were 30.95% while4 % were identified as carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Among the isolates, 84.50%were susceptible to fosfomycin. There was 92.0% fosfomycin susceptibility in ESBL producing E.coli,and 71.42% showed fosfomycin susceptibility in CRE. The overall pap gene prevalence was 18% and theexpression was 22% among the ESBL isolates and 20% among the CRE.Conclusion: The study demonstrates that, a considerable proportion (68%) of the multidrug-resistantE.coli with diverse resistance mechanisms, including ESBL and CRE. Fosfomycin resistance was low evenamong ESBL and CRE isolates. Pap genes were prevalent among the ESBL isolates . For the treatment ofuncomplicated cystitis fosfomycin is a useful antibiotic agent.Objective: The aim of this study was to establish in vitro susceptibility of uropathogenic E.coli to fosfomycinand to check the prevalence of the expression of pap gene a virulence determinant among the isolates fromuncomplicated cystitis in females.
Promoting Health Behavior in Young People in India: Learning for use of Social Media

Abstract Introduction: In today’s world, social media plays a major role in young people’s lives. Social media has the potential to reach and deliver information far and wide, including information on health behavior and lifestyle which could benefit in long term. The objective of this paper was to examine the use, reach and effectiveness of social media in health promotion and behavior change of young people. Method: In order to carry out this study, a review of secondary literature was done. PubMed, Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant articles from 2012-2018 were searched to identify social media interventions. Studies included in the review had used social media interventions for health behavior change. Results: Nine studies were identified as relevant to the study objective. Studies mainly used Facebook (n=6) as a social media platform to carry out behavior change interventions. Findings suggest that social media interventions are not only feasible but acceptable in the young community. The principle of engagement and peer or social support emerged as an important construct associated with behavior change. Conclusion: Social media platform provides advantages like easy accessibility and acceptability. However, its mere availability and increasing use do not ensure its effectiveness. The lessons which this review gives are that while social media is an accepted platform for youth, it will not be effective as a behavior change tool if it is used just for information-sharing. Thus, behavior change theories and social support ensuring engagement are a few recommended approaches for social media interventions to facilitate behavior change.