Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast development and satisfaction in women with disorders/differences of sex development

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the levels of breast development and satisfaction in women with a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development (DSD)? SUMMARY ANSWER Compared with normative data, women with DSD reached lower Tanner stages and reported less breast satisfaction. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with DSD may have chromosomal and hormonal variations that can impact typical breast development. While much emphasis is placed on genital development in this group, little is known about breast development, satisfaction and their association. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data collection was part of the cross-sectional European multicenter dsd-LIFE study. Fourteen recruiting sites included 1040 participants between February 2014 and September 2015. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 695 female-identifying participants were included (Turner n = 332, 46,XY DSD n = 141 and congenital adrenal hyperplasia n = 222), with a median age of 28 years. Clinical (i.e. history of hormone and surgical treatments, Tanner breast examination) and patient-reported (i.e. breast satisfaction, relationship status, sexual satisfaction and experienced femininity) data was collected by independent trained research staff. The relationship between breast development, satisfaction and femininity was assessed. Control data on breast development and satisfaction in women without DSD was retrieved from the literature. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of the 695 participants, 61% had received estrogen replacement and 51% puberty induction therapy, whereas 2% had received breast augmentation surgery. Approximately 65% of participants had reached Tanner breast stage 5, which is substantially less than the general population (90%). Breast satisfaction was lower than normative data as well (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.45). Breast size and breast satisfaction were associated with feelings of femininity. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Limitations include the sample representativeness (e.g. regarding the clinical heterogeneity) and the limited in-depth knowledge on (prior) hormonal regimens. Furthermore, no (matched) control data was collected as part of this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In order to support the psychosexual well-being of women with DSD, enhancing breast development by sufficient hormone replacement and possible augmentation surgery is advocated. The scope of DSD management should be beyond genital development only and consider breasts as well. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 305 373. There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Clinical Trials Register: Registration identification number: DRKS00006072.
Nrf2 mediates the antinociceptive activity of dexmedetomidine in an acute inflammatory visceral pain rat model by activating the NF‐κB sensor

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist. In this study, we evaluated the antalgic effect of DEX on acetic acid–induced acute inflammatory visceral pain (AIVP) in rats. Additionally, we evaluated the role of Nrf2 signalling in antinociception. We administered acetic acid to male Sprague Dawley rats that were treated with DEX or saline. Twenty rats were randomly classified into the following groups: normal, model, vehicle, or DEX group. Both q‐RT PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay data suggested that interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor α, and IL‐6 were upregulated in the spinal cord. Western blotting and q‐RT PCR analyses were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, and HO‐1 in the spinal cord. The DEX group exhibited a significant downregulation in Nrf2/Keap1/HO‐1 signal activation compared with the model group. Furthermore, we used the Nrf2‐/‐ knockout AIVP rat model to determine the role of Nrf2 in the antinociceptive effect of DEX. We observed that the Nrf2 knockout blocked the Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 signal transduction and partially abated the antinociceptive and the anti‐inflammatory effects of DEX. Moreover, our data also indicated that DEX treatment decreased the activation and expression of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB. However, Nrf2 silencing restored the expression of NF‐κB and its phosphorylated form to physiological levels. In summary, our results suggested that Nrf2 signalling plays an important role in the antinociceptive effect of DEX in the AIVP rat model and that Nrf2 exerts its function by enhancing the activation of the NF‐κB sensor.
Influence of Foot-Landing Positions at Initial Contact on Knee Flexion Angles for Single-Leg Drop Landings

ABSTRACT Purpose: Small knee flexion angles are associated with increased non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risks. The purpose of this study was to provide insights into how ankle plantar flexion angles influenced knee flexion angles at initial contact during single-leg drop landings. Method: Thirteen male recreational basketball players performed single-leg drop landings from a 30-cm high platform using three randomized foot-landing positions (natural, fore-foot, and flat-foot). A motion capture system and a force plate were used to measure lower extremity kinematics and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). A one-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance and the Friedman test were conducted (α = .05). Results: Foot-landing position had a significant effect on knee flexion angles at initial contact (p < .001). As compared to flat-foot landings (18° (SD 5°), significantly smaller knee flexion angles were found for natural (mean 12° (SD 5°), p = . 004) and fore-foot landings (mean 12° (SD 3°), p = . 001). There was however significantly smaller knee flexion range of motion in flat-foot landings (mean 42° (SD 3°), as compared to natural landings (mean 48° (SD 4°) (p < .001). Flat-foot landings also resulted in a 1.4 times higher maximum VGRF than fore-foot landings (p < .001) and 1.3 times higher than natural landings (p = .005). Conclusions: Natural and fore-foot landings are better for force absorption but are associated with smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact. These findings have important implications for non-contact ACL injuries.
PWE-186 iScan in the evaluation of small colonic polyps: outcomes, learning curve from a large propective series

Introduction Indigocarmine (IC) and narrow-band imaging have been shown to be effective in the in vivo diagnosis of small colonic polyps. The learning curve for achieving high level of accuracy with a new technology for real-time diagnosis of small colonic polyps has not been determined. Methods We aimed to assess the learning curve of a novel electronic in vivo diagnosis technology (Pentax iScan) for an expert endoscopist. Patients presenting for screening colonoscopy through the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme were prospectively recruited. All colonoscopies were performed by a single expert endoscopist, with extensive experience in in vivo diagnosis, using Pentax EC-3890Li 1.2 Megapixel HD colonoscopes and EPKi processor. Polyps <10 mm in size were assessed sequentially using three modalities (1) White light HD endoscopy (WL), (2) Pentax iScan surface and tone enhancement, (3) IC chromoendoscopy. Optical magnification was not used. Predicted histology (non-neoplastic, adenoma, cancer) was recorded for each modality and compared to the final histopathological diagnosis. Results were analysed for sensitivity and specificity for neoplasia, and overall accuracy. To assess any learning effect results were analysed in three sets of 100 consecutive polyps. Results A total of 309 polyps were eligible for inclusion in the study. Mean polyp diameter was 4.1 mm, median 3 mm. 133 polyps were in the proximal colon and 176 in the distal colon. 109 polyps were non-neoplastic, 199 were adenomatous and one contained adenocarcinoma. Sensitivity and overall accuracy improved significantly for all three imaging modalities in the 3rd set of polyps as compared to sets 1 and 2 (p<0.05). In Set 3 overall accuracies of 92.7%, 93.6% and 93.6% were achieved with WL, iScan and IC respectively. There were no significant differences in overall accuracy between the three modalities in Set 3. Negative predictive values for adenomatous histology of recto-sigmoid polyps ≤5 mm for the entire study were 96.5%, 93.4% and 98.3% for WL, iScan and IC respectively. Conclusion (1) Even in expert hands there is a significant learning curve for using a new technology for the in vivo diagnosis of small colonic polyps, with improvement in performance over the first 200 polyps assessed. (2) Excellent results can be achieved once the new technology has been mastered. (3) This is the first report of results achieved with high-definition white light endoscopy which are comparable with electronic chromoendoscopy and IC chromoendoscopy.Abstract PWE-186 Table 1 WL iScan IC Set 1 (Polyps 1–100) Sensitivity 0.788 0.868 0.904 Specificity 0.708 0.766 0.729 Accuracy 0.750 0.820 0.820 Set 2 (Polyps 101–200) Sensitivity 0.866 0.851 0.881 Specificity 0.758 0.758 0.788 Accuracy 0.830 0.820 0.850 Set 3 (Polyps 201–309) Sensitivity 0.964 0.988 0.976 Specificity 0.808 0.769 0.808 Accuracy 0.927 0.936 0.936 Competing interests None declared.
Suppression of murine osteoarthritis by 4‐methylumbelliferone

Using in vitro models, we previously reported that 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) blocked many of the pro‐catabolic features of activated chondrocytes. 4‐MU also blocked safranin O loss from human cartilage explants exposed to interleukin 1β (IL1β) in vitro. However, the mechanism for this chondroprotective effect was independent of the action of 4‐MU as a hyaluronan (HA) inhibitor. Interestingly, overexpression of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) also blocked the same pro‐catabolic features of activated chondrocytes as 4‐MU via a mechanism independent of extracellular HA accumulation. Data suggest that altering UDP‐sugars may be behind these changes in chondrocyte metabolism. However, all of our previous experiments with 4‐MU or HAS2 overexpression were performed in vitro. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether 4‐MU was effective at limiting the effects of osteoarthritis (OA) on articular cartilage in vivo. The progression of OA was evaluated after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery on C57BL/6 mice in the presence or absence of 4‐MU‐containing chow. Mice fed 4‐MU after DMM surgery exhibited significant suppression of OA starting from an early stage in vivo. Mice fed 4‐MU exhibited lower OARSI scores after DMM; reduced osteophyte formation and reduced MMP3 and MMP13 immunostaining. 4‐MU also exerted pronounced chondroprotective effects on murine joint cartilage exposed to IL1β in vitro and, blocked IL1β‐enhanced lactate production in cartilage explants. Therefore, 4‐MU is effective at significantly reducing the loss of proteoglycan and reducing MMP production both in vitro and in vivo as well as cartilage damage and osteophyte formation in vivo after DMM. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res. 38:1122‐1131, 2020
Response by Yu and Kapral to Letter Regarding Article, "One-Year Home-Time and Mortality After Thrombolysis Compared With Nontreated Patients in a Propensity-Matched Analysis".

In Response: We thank Drs Cai et al for their interest in our publication, “One-year home-time and mortality after thrombolysis compared to nontreated patients in a propensity-matched analysis. ” We agree that the effects of confounding variables need to be accounted for in observational studies. We used propensity score methods to address confounding. The purpose of propensity score matching is to ensure that the groups being compared, that is patients treated with r-tPA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) and the matched patients who were not treated with r-tPA, have similar distributions of measured baseline covariates. Indeed, we showed that the distributions of the propensity scores are balanced between patients who received r-tPA and those who did not. Whether the matched nontreated patients are similar or different from the nonmatched nontreated patients is irrelevant. To make an analogy with randomized controlled trials, patients in the control arm likely have similar baseline characteristics compared to the patients in the intervention arm, but they may be very different from all patients with disease in the population. Drs Cai et al also suggest that home-time, admission to nursing homes, and all-cause mortality are insufficient to evaluate the benefits of r-tPA. Our intention was not to establish the effectiveness of r-tPA in acute ischemic stroke, as this treatment is the current standard of care. Rather, we aimed to quantify the longterm effects of r-tPA using clinically relevant and patient-centered outcomes. For instance, we chose the one-year home-time metric because returning home is likely more important to patients than radiographic outcomes. We hope that our findings provide helpful information on the long-term effects of r-tPA and will encourage the use of pragmatic patient-centered outcomes such as home-time in future trials and observational studies of thrombolysis.
Effects of Ground Cover Management on Insect Predators and Pests in a Mediterranean Vineyard

Conservative techniques, such as ground cover management, could help promote viticulture sustainability, which is a goal of conservation biological control, by providing shelter and food sources for predatory insects. A field experiment was conducted in a Mediterranean vineyard to evaluate ground cover management impacts on predatory insect and potential grapevine pest abundance and diversity, both on the ground and in the grapevine canopy. Three different ground cover management techniques (tillage, spontaneous cover and flower-driven cover) were tested for two years (2016 and 2017). Overall, the ground cover management significantly affected the abundance of important epigeal predators, of which carabids, forficulids and staphylinids were the most captured. The carabid abundances under both the cover crop treatments were found to be approximately three times higher compared with that under the tillage treatment. In contrast, the canopy insect abundance in the vineyard was similar among the treatments for both the predators and the potential grapevine pest species. These results indicate that cover crop vegetation can be used in vineyards to enhance predatory insect abundance and may improve agroecosystem resilience.
From solid solution electrodes and the rocking-chair concept to today's batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become ubiquitous power sources for small electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. Despite that the success of LIBs is acknowledged by their increasing commodity market, the historical evolution of the chemistry behind the LIB technologies is laden with obstacles and yet to be unambiguously documented. This Viewpoint outlines chronologically the most essential findings related to today's LIBs, including commercial electrode and electrolyte materials, but furthermore also depicts how the today popular and widely emerging solid-state batteries were instrumental at very early stages.
Linked Lives in Double Jeopardy: Child Incarceration and Maternal Health at Midlife

Parents’ relationships with their adult children play an important role in shaping mid and later life health. While these relationships are often sources of support, stressors in the lives of children can compromise parents’ health as they age. I consider that a child’s incarceration is also a stressor that could imperil parents’ health through social, emotional, and economic strains that parents may experience as a result. Using data on 3,159 mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 in a series of lagged dependent variable regression models, I find that a child’s incarceration is associated with declines in maternal health between ages 40 and 50. These associations are largest for mothers who had grandchildren by their child at the time of the child’s incarceration. I close by discussing the implications of child incarceration for intergenerational ties and other social determinants of midlife health.
Assessment of lumbar disc herniaton using fractional anisotropy in diffusion tensor imaging along with conventional T2-weighted imaging

Objective To assess the usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging and its fractional anisotropy map along with conventional T2-weighted imaging in evaluating the anisotropic water diffusion variations of annulus fibres involved in herniation disc pathology. Materials and methods Seventy-five patients with previous medical ethics committee approval and informed consent experiencing low back pain were selected for this prospective randomised blinded trial. Lumbar disc fractional anisotropy maps were obtained acquiring diffusion tensor sequences on a 3T machine. The matrix of nucleus pulposus and structures of annulus fibres were analysed using fractional anisotropy textural features to highlight any presence of lumbar disc herniation. Observer variability and reliability between two neuroradiologists were evaluated. The χ2 test, two-tailed t test and linear regression analysis were used to focus differences in patients’ demographic data and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Results Annular fissures with extrusions were identified using diffusion tensor imaging in 10 out of 17 discs (study group) previously assessed as bulging discs using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen extrusions out of 39 (study group) disc levels were identified on diffusion tensor imaging compared to eight extrusions highlighted on T2-weighted imaging (P < 0.01). All eight (study group) disc extrusions evaluated on T2-weighted imaging showed annular fissures on diffusion tensor imaging. Seven out of 14 (study group) protrusions highlighted on T2-weighted imaging had no annular fissures on diffusion tensor imaging; thirty-six disc levels in the control group had no evidence of annular fissures on diffusion tensor imaging (P > 0.01). Conclusions The addition of diffusion tensor imaging sequences and fractional anisotropy mapping to a conventional magnetic resonance imaging protocol could be useful in detecting annular fissures and lumbar disc herniation.
A Natural Quinazoline Derivative from Marine Sponge Hyrtios erectus Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells via ROS Production and Intrinsic or Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathways

Here, we report the therapeutic potential of a natural quinazoline derivative (2-chloro-6-phenyl-8H-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-one) isolated from marine sponge Hyrtios erectus against human breast cancer. The cytotoxicity of the compound was investigated on a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Antiproliferative activity of the compound was estimated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MTT assay showed significant inhibition of MCF-7 cells viability with the IC50 value of 13.04 ± 1.03 µg/mL after 48 h. The compound induced down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and increase in the pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in MCF-7 cells. The compound activated the expression of Caspases-9 and stimulated downstream signal transducer Caspase-7. In addition, Caspase-8 showed remarkable up-regulation in MCF-7 cells treated with the compound. Moreover, the compound was found to promote oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells that led to cell death. In conclusion, the compound could induce apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells via a mechanism that involves ROS production and either extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis pathways. The systemic toxic potential of the compound was evaluated in an in vivo mouse model, and it was found non-toxic to the major organs.
Mindfulness and Meditative Movement Interventions for Men Living With Cancer: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions, Tai Chi/Qigong, and Yoga (defined here as meditative cancer interventions [MCIs]) have demonstrated small to medium effects on psychosocial outcomes in female breast cancer patients. However, no summary exists of how effective these interventions are for men with cancer. PURPOSE A meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of MCIs on psychosocial outcomes (e.g., quality of life, depression, and posttraumatic growth) for men with cancer. METHODS A literature search yielded 17 randomized controlled trials (N = 666) meeting study inclusion criteria. The authors were contacted to request data for male participants in the study when not reported. RESULTS With the removal of one outlier, there was a small effect found in favor of MCIs across all psychosocial outcomes immediately postintervention (g = .23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02 to 0.44). Studies using a usual care control arm demonstrated a small effect in favor of MCIs (g = .26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.42). However, there was insufficient evidence of a superior effect for MCIs when compared to an active control group, including attention control. Few studies examined both short-term and long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence for MCIs improving psychosocial outcomes in male cancer survivors. However, this effect is not demonstrated when limited to studies that used active controls. The effect size found in this meta-analysis is smaller than those reported in MCI studies of mixed gender and female cancer patient populations. More rigorously designed randomized trials are needed that include active control groups, which control for attention, and long-term follow-up. There may be unique challenges for addressing the psychosocial needs of male cancer patients that future interventions should consider.