Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intention-to-Treat: Is That Fair?

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the most rigorous study design to help determine cause and effect between a treatment and an outcome. It is regarded as such because proper random assignment greatly reduces or eliminates confounding from known and unknown prognostic factors—that is, it ensures prognostic balance between treatment and control groups at baseline (Figure 1). Analyses in RCTs often include intention-to-treat (ITT). In this article, we will describe what ITT analysis is, the rationale for its use, and an example to illustrate its effect.
Deep Learning of Neuromuscular and Visuomotor Control of a Biomimetic Simulated Humanoid

We present a biomimetic framework for human neuromuscular and visuomotor control that promises to be of value to researchers developing humanoid robots. Our framework features a biomechanically simulated human musculoskeletal model, actuated by numerous skeletal muscles, with realistic eyes driven by extraocular and intraocular muscles, whose optic organs refract light, and whose retinas have many nonuniformly distributed photoreceptors. The humanoid's visuomotor control system comprises 24 trained deep neural networks (DNNs)—10 DNNs in its vision subsystem and 14 DNNs in its motor subsystem—plus an additional 4 trained shallow neural networks (SNNs) that control the irises and lenses of the eyes. Of the motor DNNs, a pair control the extraocular muscles, 6 per eye, responsible for eye movements, 2 control the 216 neck muscles of the cervicocephalic biomechanical complex, producing natural head movements, 2 control the 443 core muscles of the torso, and 2 control each limb; i.e., the 29 muscles of each arm and 39 muscles of each leg. Directly from the foveated retinal photoreceptor responses, a pair of foveation DNNs drive eye, head, and torso movements, while 8 limb vision DNNs extract the visual information needed to direct arm and leg actions. By synthesizing its own training data, our humanoid automatically learns efficient, online, active visuomotor control of its eyes, head, torso, and limbs in order to perform nontrivial tasks involving the foveation and visual pursuit of moving target objects coupled with visually-guided limb-reaching actions to intercept them. We also demonstrate that it can balance itself in an upright stance, take steps, and perform certain simulated sports activities.
A New Seven-Level Topology for High-Power Medium-Voltage Application

In this article, a new seven-level voltage source converter topology is proposed for high-power medium-voltage applications. The proposed converter has less number of components in the circuit compared to the existing advanced seven-level topologies. All the switches have the same voltage rating. Space vector modulation technique is developed for the proposed topology to balance the flying capacitors voltage. The performance of the proposed converter is evaluated at both steady-state and transient conditions in MATLAB/Simulink. A scaled-down prototype is built to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed converter at different operating conditions.
Sensorless Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives: A General Adaptive Projection Vector Approach for Position Estimation

This article presents a mathematical framework for the design and analysis of position observers for sensorless control of synchronous reluctance machines. The approach expresses the observer error via a generalized projection vector. Moreover, the proposed framework includes an improved inductance model to account for the position error-induced inductance variations. First, the instability regions of active flux-based position observer are analytically identified and validated. Then, a novel technique, adaptive projection vector for position error estimation, is introduced, immune to instability of active flux scheme. Furthermore, the proposed technique can be augmented with a second projection vector for independent estimation of speed error, referred to as adaptive projection vector matrix for position and speed error estimation. Sensitivity analysis to parameter errors is developed. Stability and performance of proposed technique is validated on a 1 kW synchronous reluctance motor test bench.
Test-Retest Reliability of Smartphone Apps While Walking on a Treadmill: 1362 Board #37 June 1 9

The development of devices that measure physical activity has increased over the last decade. Research is needed to determine the accuracy of these devices at providing useful information that may affect behavior and health. PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy and reliability of current smartphone fitness applications at measuring steps while walking on a treadmill. METHODS: Fifty participants (18-40 years) consented to perform testing on two separate visits. On the first visit participants walked on a treadmill at 3mph for 500 steps, while using a pedometer and 5 smartphone fitness applications: Moves, Google-Fit (G-Fit), Runtastic, Accupedo, and S-Health using an android smartphone placed in the pocket. The second visit was held on a different day and followed the same procedures as the first visit. Zero and negative values were replaced with the mean value for that trial. Mean bias scores were calculated between the step count for each app and the respective tally count for each trial. Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) values were calculated for each app for both trials and mean bias scores were compared between trials for each app using Pearson correlations. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Fifty participants were included (Mean±SD; Age 22.9±4.3yrs; BMI 24.7±3.8kg/m 2 ; 22 Male). G-Fit recorded 3 zero values and 4 negative values and Moves recorded 1 zero value. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that step bias between trials was significantly correlated for the pedometer, Runtastic, and S-Health (r=0.42, p<0.01; r=0.507, p<0.01; r=0.862, p<0.01; respectively). Correlations for Moves, G-Fit, and Accupedo were not significant (r=-0.080, p=0.581; r=0.125, p=0.389; r=0.191, p=0.184; respectively). The MAPE values for trial 1 demonstrated that the apps with the smallest deviation from the tally counter were also the ones with best test-retest reliability, with S-Health being the most accurate (bias, MAPE; 2.28 steps, 1.31%) followed by the pedometer and Runtastic (-3.26 steps, 2.86%; -8.02 steps, 3.70%, respectively). Moves, Accupedo, and G-Fit deviated farther from the tally counter. CONCLUSION: Some smartphone fitness applications consistently and accurately measure steps while walking at a normal pace while other apps may have more variation.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA CONDUCTA SUICIDA EN ADOLESCENTES: A PROPÓSITO DE LA ESCALA PAYKEL DE SUICIDIO

espanolLa conducta suicida es un problema socio-sanitario a nivel mundial; no obstante, en el contexto de la psicologia espanola existen escasos instrumentos de medida debidamente validados y baremados en muestras representativas de la poblacion adolescente. Por lo tanto, el proposito de este trabajo es presentar la Escala Paykel de Suicido como herramienta de evaluacion de la conducta suicida en jovenes espanoles. En primer lugar, se realiza una breve delimitacion conceptual de la conducta suicida, se mencionan datos epidemiologicos, modelos psicologicos y factores de riesgo y proteccion. En segundo lugar, se aborda la evaluacion de la conducta suicida como eje nuclear en la deteccion, identificacion, prevencion e intervencion, asi como en la comprension de este fenomeno. En tercer lugar, se introduce la Escala Paykel de Suicidio, de la mano de sus propiedades psicometricas y, en concreto, de su baremacion en adolescentes espanoles. Finalmente, se concluye a modo de recapitulacion. La Escala Paykel parece ser un instrumento de medida breve, sencillo, util y con adecuadas propiedades psicometricas para la valoracion y/o el cribado de la conducta suicida en adolescentes. Puede ser utilizada en la evaluacion general de la salud mental o exploracion psicopatologica, asi como en contextos educativos, sanitarios y/o sociales. Es transcendental que el profesional de la psicologia disponga de adecuadas herramientas de evaluacion de la conducta suicida de cara a tomar decisiones fundamentadas y optimizar la gestion de recursos educativos y sociosanitarios. EnglishSuicidal behavior a serious public health concern worldwide. Nevertheless, in the context of Spanish psychology few measuring instruments exist that have been validated with norm scores from representative samples of the adolescent population. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to present the Paykel Suicide Scale as a tool for assessing suicidal behavior in Spanish youth. First, a brief conceptual delimitation of suicidal behavior is made, and epidemiological data, psychological models, and risk and protection factors are mentioned. Second, the suicide assessment is presented as a nuclear axis for detection, identification, prevention, and intervention as well as in order to advance in our understanding of this phenomenon. Thirdly, the Paykel Suicide Scale is introduced, along with its psychometric properties, and specifically, its scale norms in the Spanish adolescent population. Finally, we conclude with a recapitulation. The Paykel Scale seems to be a brief, simple, useful instrument, with adequate psychometric properties to measure or screen suicidal behavior in adolescents. It can be used to assess mental health status in general examinations, as well as in educational, health, and social contexts. It is crucial for the professional psychologist to have adequate tools for assessing suicidal behavior in order to make informed decisions and to manage educational and socio-health resources effectively.
A model transformation approach to perform refactoring on software architecture using refactoring patterns based on stakeholder requirements

: Software Architecture (SA) generally has a considerable inﬂuence on software quality attributes. Coordination of software architecture to the requirements of the stakeholders and avoiding common mistakes and faults in designing SA increases the chance of success of the project and satisfaction of the stakeholders. Making the wrong decisions at the architectural design phase usually proves very costly later on. Refactoring is a method which helps in detecting and avoiding complications, improving the internal characteristics of software, while keeping the external behavior intact. Various problems can undermine the architecture refactoring process. The existence of diﬀerent requirements in diﬀerent domains, the diversity of architecture description languages, and the diﬃculty of describing refactoring patterns lead to the diﬃculty of performing automatic and semi-automatic refactoring on the SA. In this study, we use model transformation as a way to overcome the above mentioned diﬃculties. In this regard, the ﬁrst step is converting the SA to a pivot-model. Then, based on the refactoring patterns, the refactoring process is performed on the pivot-model. And ﬁnally, the pivot-model is converted back to the original (source) model. In this paper, the requirements of the stakeholders are taken into account in the refactoring process by modeling them as refactoring goals. These goals show the importance of the quality attributes in the project and the process of refactoring. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated using a case study.
Effect Of Groove Infill To The Compressive Strength Of Multiple Groove Concrete Block Masonry Unit Under Uniformly Distributed Load

Interlocking concrete block is a new concrete masonry unit that is used in the construction industry. This masonry unit can improve the quality of the construction process; reduce the cost of labor, no need high skill workmanship and speeding the construction time. Normally, the interlocking concrete block masonry unit in the market place was designed in one way interlocking concept only either x or y-axis, shorter in length and low compressive strength value. However, the biaxial interlocking concrete block is a new concept being introduced in this research. Biaxial interlocking concrete block is a block with the interlocking system at both directions. Besides that, this masonry unit is offered the specialty compared to the normal interlocking concrete available in the market place due to its length and the geometry of the groove and tongue. This concrete masonry unit can be used as a non-load bearing wall or load-bearing wall depends on the application of the masonry. But, there is a lack of technical data was produced before. This paper presents a new finding on the compressive strength of biaxial interlocking concrete block masonry unit. Two series of biaxial interlocking concrete block unit namely BICB1 and BICB2 have tested the compressive strength. BICB1 is the masonry unit of a hollow biaxial interlocking concrete block meanwhile; BICB2 is the masonry unit of groove infill interlocking concrete block. The masonry unit sample tested under static compressive load. The results examine that BICB2 is higher in compressive strength compared to the BICB1. This result shows that BICB2 is better than BICB1, especially in load-bearing wall application.
LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA REPRESENTADA EN LOS LIBROS DE TEXTO DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the representation of the physical activity that appears in the textbooks of Physical Education and its relation with the different blocks of contents of the area, in Primary Education. The sample consisted of a total of 3836 images published in 34 textbooks belonging to six Spanish publishers, between 2006 and 2013. The research technique was content analysis using the SAIMEF tool. The software SPSS 22.0 was used for the statistical analysis. The results show a clear predominance of the content block of the "sports games and activities". This imbalance in the representation of the blocks does not respond to the minimum teachings that Royal Decree 1513/2006 establishes in the Primary curriculum in the Spanish context, for which reason it is necessary to reflect on the traditional vision of physical activity in this curricular material. Keywords : Physical Education. Primary Education. Body image. Physical Activity.
IronM: Privacy-Preserving Reliability Estimation of Heterogeneous Data for Mobile Crowdsensing

A reliable mobile crowdsensing (MCS) application usually relies on sufficient participants and trustworthy data. However, privacy concerns reduce participants’ willingness to participate in sensing tasks. The uncertainty of participant behavior and heterogeneity of sensing devices result in the unreliability of sensing data and further bring unreliable MCS services. Hence, it is crucial to estimate the reliability of sensing data and protect privacy. Unfortunately, most existing privacy-preserving data estimation solutions are designed for single-type data. In practice, however, heterogeneous sensing data are ubiquitous in data integration tasks. To this end, we propose a privacy-preserving reliability estimation solution of heterogeneous data for MCS, called IronM, which is effective for text, number, and multimedia data (e.g., image, audio, and video). Specifically, IronM first formulates the reliability assessment of text, number, and multimedia data as equality and range constraints, and then estimates the reliability of heterogeneous data through our proposed privacy-preserving hybrid constraints assessment mechanism. Privacy analysis demonstrates that IronM can not only evaluate the reliability of heterogeneous data but also protect data confidentiality. The experimental results in real-world datasets show the effectiveness and efficiency of IronM.
Load compensation bridge for Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers

The Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer is a quantum-based voltage source that can generate arbitrary waveforms with quantum accuracy. However, these state-of-the-art performances are drastically decreased by the wiring connecting the source to the device under test. This wiring introduces deviations from the Josephson voltage which scale quadratically with frequency. This paper describes a load compensation bridge that fully compensates the load of the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer by the input impedance of the device under test and completely suppresses the frequency dependence up to a frequency of 80 kHz with an overall uncertainty of 2.8 V V−1.
Violência doméstica e constipação intestinal: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

RESUMO Objetivo. Buscar evidências na literatura sobre a relação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, baseada no método preconizado em seis etapas e construída conforme a metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Foram examinados artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015 que relacionassem violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. As buscas ocorreram em setembro e outubro de 2015 nas bases de dados PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus e Web of Science. A seleção compreendeu três etapas: busca, pré-seleção e inclusão de artigos. Resultados. Dos 177 artigos inicialmente identificados, foram selecionados 11. Dos 11 selecionados, sete eram quantitativos, três eram qualitativos e um era misto. Quatro enfocaram crianças e adolescentes, dois investigaram o conhecimento médico sobre a relação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal, um revisou distúrbios digestivos em idosos, um avaliou os resultados do biofeedback em constipados com e sem histórico de violência, um avaliou disfunção evacuatória e relacionou o resultado de defecografias com histórico de violência doméstica e dois estudos eram relatos de especialistas. Três estudos apresentaram nível de evidência 1B e grau de recomendação A. Todos os estudos detectaram relação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. Conclusão. Os resultados desta revisão indicam que existe correlação entre violência doméstica e constipação intestinal. É recomendável a investigação dessa relação nas práticas em saúde.
Implementing frailty assessment into a healthcare system: a clinical opinion paper

Frailty is a multifactorial medical syndrome characterized by reduced endurance and decreased physiological ability. The aim of this narrative literature review is to present the frailty diagnostic instruments that are already used in most Western countries and provide recommendations for use in clinical practice. Among the numerous available frailty instruments identified in current literature, the Frailty Index and the Physical Frailty Phenotype are most commonly used. There are large differences in each instrument design, ease of use by healthcare teams and also significant heterogeneity in the design of the studies based on these instruments. Therefore, future studies should be designed to properly address the discrepancy in the comparison of the existent instruments and consider their validity and feasibility of implementation in different healthcare settings with different healthcare providers.
A haplotype-resolved, de novo genome assembly for the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) through trio binning

Background Diploid genome assembly is typically impeded by heterozygosity, as it introduces errors when haplotypes are collapsed into a consensus sequence. Trio binning offers an innovative solution which exploits heterozygosity for assembly. Short, parental reads are used to assign parental origin to long reads from their F1 offspring before assembly, enabling complete haplotype resolution. Trio binning could therefore provide an effective strategy for assembling highly heterozygous genomes which are traditionally problematic, such as insect genomes. This includes the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis), which is an evolutionary study system for warning colour polymorphism. Findings We produced a high-quality, haplotype-resolved assembly for Arctia plantaginis through trio binning. We sequenced a same-species family (F1 heterozygosity ∼1.9%) and used parental Illumina reads to bin 99.98% of offspring Pacific Biosciences reads by parental origin, before assembling each haplotype separately and scaffolding with 10X linked-reads. Both assemblies are highly contiguous (mean scaffold N50: 8.2Mb) and complete (mean BUSCO completeness: 97.3%), with complete annotations and 31 chromosomes identified through karyotyping. We employed the assembly to analyse genome-wide population structure and relationships between 40 wild resequenced individuals from five populations across Europe, revealing the Georgian population as the most genetically differentiated with the lowest genetic diversity. Conclusions We present the first invertebrate genome to be assembled via trio binning. This assembly is one of the highest quality genomes available for Lepidoptera, supporting trio binning as a potent strategy for assembling highly heterozygous genomes. Using this assembly, we provide genomic insights into geographic population structure of Arctia plantaginis.
Large‐Scale Atmospheric Drivers of Snowfall Over Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica

High snowfall events on Thwaites Glacier (TG, West Antarctica) are a key influencer of its mass balance, and can act to mitigate sea level rise due to ocean warming‐induced ice loss. We use the output of a high‐resolution regional climate model, RACMO2, in conjunction with MERRA‐2 and ERA5 atmospheric reanalyses for the period 1980–2015 and show that there is a pronounced seasonal cycle in snowfall over TG, driven by the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL). We find that the total annual snowfall does not correlate significantly with the Southern Annular Mode or El Niño Southern Oscillation, but it does relate to the zonal wave three pattern over Antarctica through the coupling of the ASL with a blocking high over the Antarctic Peninsula during high snowfall events. Our results highlight that atmospheric circulation and consequent high snowfall events on TG are highly variable, and recognizing their future change will aid to improve predictions of mass balance.