Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural Representation in ESL Textbooks in Pakistan?A Case Study of “Step Ahead 1”

The issue of culture inculcation in EFL/ESL learning and teaching has gained attention in ‘World Englishes’ scenario along with the voices of ‘Glocalization’ (Tiplady, 2003), acculturation and international culture, advocating the concepts of the amalgamation of global and local aspects of a phenomena, the mixing up of learner’s native and target culture and overall world culture as a whole respectively. There are two views regarding the cultural representation in ESL/EFL learning and teaching; the source culture i.e. learners’ native culture should be presented or only the exposure to target culture i.e. the culture of the countries where English is spoken as first language should be given. The present study is an attempt to highlight the cultural representation in ESL textbook using the model presented by Byram et al . (1994). The results reveal that the major focus of the textbook Step Ahead 1 is non-native culture, inadequate insufficient inter-cultural harmony is found in it and the least consideration has been given to the source culture, which is likely to alienate the learners from their own culture. The researchers argue that there should be ‘glocalized’ approach in such a sensitive issue and conclude with some suggestions that the books used as ESL textbooks should contain some aspects of both the target and source culture and there should be the intercultural harmony as well. Keywords: culture, source culture, target culture, ESL textbooks
On convergence of homotopy analysis method to solve the Schrodinger equation with a power law nonlinearity

In this paper, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is considered to obtain the solution of the Schrodinger equation with a power law nonlinearity. For this purpose, a theorem is proved to show the convergence of the series solution obtained from the proposed method. Also, an example is solved to illustrate the eciency of the mentioned algorithm and the h -curve is plotted to determine the region of convergence.
Is there any difference in severe erectile dysfunction detection when different diagnostic metabolic syndrome criteria are used

Material and methods: A total of 400 male patients over 50 years of age who suffered from ED were included in this study. The 2005 criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) were used for the diagnosis of MS. Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups: those with MS and those without MS. The first-five version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was applied to assess the severity of ED (IIEF-5 score 5-7, severe ED; IIEF-EF score 8-21, mild to moderate ED). The severity of ED was compared according to the two different MS diagnostic criteria.
The number counts, luminosity functions and evolution of microwave-selected (WMAP) blazars and radio galaxies

(Abridged) We carried out an extensive search to identify the counterparts of all the sources listed in the WMAP 3-yr catalogue using literature and archival data. Our work led to the identification of 309 WMAP sources, 98% of which are blazars, radio quasars or radio galaxies. At present, 15 objects still remain without identification due to the lack of optical spectroscopic data or a clear radio counterpart. Our results allow us to define a flux limited sample of 203 high Galactic latitude microwave sources ($f_{41GHz} \ge 1$ Jy, $|b_{\rm II}| > 15^\circ$) which is virtually completely identified (99%). The microwave band is ideally suited for blazar statistical studies since this is the part of the em spectrum that is least affected by the superposition of spectral components of different origin. Using this data-set we derived number counts, luminosity functions and cosmological evolution of blazars and radio galaxies at microwave frequencies. Our results are in good agreement with those found at radio frequencies. The 5 GHz bivariate blazar luminosity functions are similar to those derived from the DXRBS survey, which shows that this sample is representative of the blazar population at 41 GHz. Microwave selected broad- lined quasars are about 6 times more abundant than BL Lacs, a ratio that is similar to, or larger than, that seen at radio and gamma-ray frequencies, once spectral selection effects are taken into account. This strongly suggests that the mechanism responsible for the generation of gamma-rays is, at first order, the same in all blazar types. Our results confirm the findings of Giommi & Colafrancesco (2004, 2006) that blazars and radio galaxies are the largest contaminants of the CMB anisotropy maps. We predict that these sources are also bright gamma-ray sources, most of which will be detected by AGILE and FERMI.
Top-Management Incentives and the Pricing of Corporate Public Debt

This article examines managerial ownership structure and at-issue yield spreads on corporate bonds. There is a positive relation between managerial ownership and borrowing costs, and this relation is weaker at higher levels of ownership. In addition, managerial stock options have a larger effect on yield spreads than stock ownership. These effects exist after controlling for firm and bond characteristics, and are robust to endogeneity and sample selection concerns. The evidence suggests that rational bondholders price new debt issues using the information about a firm's future risk choices contained in managerial incentive structures, and that lenders anticipate higher risk-taking incentives from managerial stock options than from equity ownership.
Optimisation of Machining Parameters in Turning AISI 304L Stainless Steel by the Grey-Based Taguchi Method

In this study, an experimental optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness in turning of AISI 304L stainless steel using wiper and conventional insert cutting tools with dry cutting conditions are presented. The influences of feed rate, depth of cut, and corner radius on surface roughness, cutting force and surface hardness are examined. In order to optimize the turning process, Grey relational analysis optimization method is used. The optimal machinability conditions of AISI 304L stainless steel with coated carbide insert are successfully determined in this study.
Feasibility analysis TCI etomidate perioperative adrenal function in elderly patient's anesthesia in elderly

Objective: Feasibility analysis TCI etomidate elderly patients perioperative adrenal function in elderly anesthesia. Methods: 60 patients undergoing general anesthesia patients were randomly divided into two groups figure that etomidate group and propofol group. All patients were using target-controlled infusion of intravenous anesthesia drugs, for two groups of patients after induction of anesthesia whichever venous blood samples. Until the patient is conscious, breathing normally pulls out after the endotracheal tube. Routine testing and record the ECG, heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure and transcutaneous oxygen saturation changes in two groups of patients; respectively before anesthesia (T0) , after anesthesia (T1) , before surgery, after surgery 24 h (T2-T4) five time points blood 3 ml, measured in patients with venous blood plasma cortisol, and the use of immunosuppressive biochemical reagents and electrochemical methods of measurement; the two groups were recorded during anesthesia and intensive care unit of adverse reactions. Results: Compared with T0, two groups of serum cortisol levels in the process of induction of anesthesia and anesthesia are there different degrees lower, but are within the normal range, in which the lowest blood cortisol levels in patients with T3 moment, the difference statistically significant (P 0.05). Propofol group of patients with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were to be dropped after anesthesia, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05); and SPO2 value anesthesia before the period was significantly increased compared with anesthesia, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05), but the two groups are present in 1 patient symptoms of sleepiness, both compared to extubation was no significant difference (P>0.05); there were no cases of the patients had intraoperative awareness. Conclusions: TCI etomidate and propofol emulsion can better inhibit perioperative stress response, and the control in the normal range, and within 24 h after recovery to normal levels.
Biomass and carbon estimation of Eugeissona tristis

Plant biomass represents a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the most important greenhouse gas. Eugeissona tristis (Bertam) is a common palm species found in tropical lowland forest contributing to carbon and biomass stock estimation. However, the species has been neglected in most studies because of differences in sampling procedures and lack of equations. The objective of this study was to develop an allometric equation in estimating biomass and carbon content of Eugeissona tristis. This study was conducted in 10 20 m × 50 m plots in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AFHR). Carbon content was estimated using carbon analyzer. The results showed AHFR contained 104 clumps/ha and distribution of E. tristis was not influenced by slope. The aboveground biomass of E. tristis was estimated to be 0.879 t ha-1 corresponding to 1096 t for AHFR area (0.4% from total aboveground biomass). It contains 51% of carbon which contributes about 0.44 t C ha-1 and 548 t C for the whole area, depicting that this species contributed to the overall carbon stock to a reasonable extent in AHFR.
SL(2,Z)-invariance and D-instanton contributions to the $D^6 R^4$ interaction

The modular invariant coefficient of the $D^6R^4$ interaction in the low energy expansion of type~IIB string theory has been conjectured to be a solution of an inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equation, obtained by considering the toroidal compactification of two-loop Feynman diagrams of eleven-dimensional supergravity. In this paper we determine the exact $SL(2,\mathbb Z)$-invariant solution $f(x+iy)$ to this differential equation satisfying an appropriate moderate growth condition as $y\to \infty$ (the weak coupling limit). The solution is presented as a Fourier series with modes $\widehat{f}_n(y) e^{2\pi i n x}$, where the mode coefficients, $\widehat{f}_n(y)$ are bilinear in $K$-Bessel functions. Invariance under $SL(2,\mathbb Z)$ requires these modes to satisfy the nontrivial boundary condition $ \widehat{f}_n(y) =O(y^{-2})$ for small $y$, which uniquely determines the solution. The large-$y$ expansion of $f(x+iy)$ contains the known perturbative (power-behaved) terms, together with precisely-determined exponentially decreasing contributions that have the form expected of D-instantons, anti-D-instantons and D-instanton/anti-D-instanton pairs.
Growth and convergence/divergence in productivity under balance-of-payments constraint

This paper presents a model of convergence/divergence in productivity for two economies of different size and development building on Kaldor’s cumulative causation and the technological gap approaches to growth. Both operate within the logic provided by a balance-of-payments constraint framework. The more developed and larger economy, the leader, is technologically more advanced with higher levels of productivity and issues the international reserve currency. The developing economy, the follower, is closely linked to the leader economy and is balance-of-payments-constrained (BPC). The paper argues that the growth of the leader has at the same time divergent and convergent effects on the productivity gap between both economies. The divergent effect (the Kaldor effect) works through a process of induced productivity and cumulative causation. The convergent effect (Thirlwall’s Law) works through the BPC constraint. The model states that growth with convergence in productivity requires that the ratio of export to import income elasticities of the follower economy exceeds the ratio of the induced productivity of the leader economy to that of the follower economy. The paper then highlights the difficulty of achieving convergence under a BPC constraint and provides policy implications.
Spatial distributions of European clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

Although the sizes of the geographical ranges of plant and animal species are of major interest to macroecologists, the spa- tial distributions and environmental correlates of only a small group of animals and plants are well studied. Here data on the spatial distributions of 116 European clearwing moths (Sesiidae) was used to determine the patterns in spatial distribution, postglacial colo- nization and endemism. The spatial distributions of sesiids are significantly more coherent and there are fewer isolated occurrences and unexpected absences than predicted by a random sample null model. After correcting for environmental correlates, islands and mainland countries did not differ significantly in the number of species with small ranges. Polyphagous wood attending species were more widespread than those with other life histories. Species of Siberian origin had wider ranges than those of Mediterranean origin. Nestedness and species co-occurrence analysis did not support a unidirectional postglacial colonization from a Southern European refuge but colonization from both Southern and Eastern Europe.
Light interception and utilization of four grain legumes sown at different plant populations and depths

Canopy development, radiation absorption and its utilization for yield was studied in four grain legume species Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris, Lupinus angustifolius and Pisum sativum. The grain legumes were grown at different plant populations and sowing depths over two seasons in Canterbury, New Zealand. The green area index (GAI), intercepted radiation, radiation use efficiency (RUE) and total intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) increased significantly (P<0·001) with increased plant population. Narrow-leafed lupin produced the highest maximum biomass (878 and 972 g/m2, averaged over all populations during 1998/99 and 1999/2000, respectively) and intercepted more radiation (600 and 714 MJ/m2, averaged over all populations during 1998/99 and 1999/2000, respectively) than the other three legumes. In all four species, in both trials, the highest plant populations reached their peak GAI about 7–10 days earlier than legumes sown at low populations. Cumulative intercepted PAR was strongly associated with seed yield and crop harvest index (CHI). The RUE increased (from 1·10 to 1·46 and from 1·04 to 1·34 g/MJ during 1998/99 and 1999/2000, respectively) as plant population increased and was highest in the highest yielding species (e.g. 146 and 1·36 g/MJ for narrow-leafed lupin in both experiments). The larger leaf canopies produced at the higher plant populations reduced the extinction coefficient (k). The results suggest that in the subhumid temperate environment of Canterbury, grain legume species should be selected for the development of a large GAI. This should maximize PAR interception, DM production and, consequently, seed yield.
TITLE OF PAPER ( Times New Roman 16 p , bold , use all capitals )

Times New Roman 12p, bold) Body text. Use Times New Roman 12p. (max 300 words) HEADING 1 (Times New Roman 12p, bold) Body text. Use Times New Roman 12p. Use A4 paper size. The full paper should not exceed 12 pages. If tables are added, use format according to Table 1. Table 1. Caption text. Number Maximum Load (kN) 1 500 2 501 Heading 2 (Times New Roman 12p, italic) Number equations, using “(1)” and so on, e.g. . the modulus of elasticity, E, is given by
Work‐family interference, emotional labor and burnout

Purpose – The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between emotional display rules/job focused labor, work‐family interference (WFI) and burnout among a sample of workers in a Dutch governmental organization.Design/methodology/approach – The research is a cross‐sectional study of 174 workers from a Dutch governmental organization.Findings – Emotional display rules and job‐focused labor were related to burnout and psychosomatic complaints. More specifically, the need to hide negative emotions and engage in surface acting was related to negative outcomes. In addition, WFI partially mediated the relationship between the hiding of negative emotion/surface acting and burnout/psychosomatic complaints.Research limitations/implications – The present study is cross‐sectional and thus the postulated relationships cannot be interpreted causally.Practical implications – In terms of training and/or interventions, there is a need for the worksite to provide structured opportunities for employees .
UTILITY OF SSRs FOR DETERMINING GENETIC SIMILARITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS IN SACCHARUM AND ITS RELATED GENERA BY

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), when resolved using agarose gels, may be a viable and costeffective alternative to RFLPs and isozymes. Genotypes of Saccharum and its related genera were assayed for polymorphisms at 100 SSR marker loci. The alleles identified provide data for estimating genetic similarity among the genotypes. Of the 100 primer pairs, 32 pairs produced distinguishable and polymorphic bands. The pattern of genetic divergence revealed by the SSR polymorphisms of 32 primer pairs was consistent with known pedigrees. The utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers such as SSRs for measuring genetic similarities and relationships equals or exceeds that of RFLP markers, a property that may prove a valuable asset for sugarcane breeding programs.
A Method for Determining Optimal Tenant Mix (Including Location) in Shopping Centers

With assumptions like maximally productive lease structure, equilibrium space allocation, a just-saturated retail market, and zero vacancies, store location would be the remaining variable in obtaining “optimal tenant mix. ” Here we illustrate an optimization program to maximize tenant location within shopping malls taking into consideration the two complementary effects present in malls: bid rent theory and revised central place theory. Suggested distance and connection matrices for the quadratic assignment program (QAP) solving for an optimal tenant mix are demonstrated.
Behavioral Responses of the Endemic Shrimp Halocaridina rubra (Malacostraca: Atyidae) to an Introduced Fish, Gambusia affinis (Actinopterygii: Poeciliidae) and Implications for the Trophic Structure of Hawaiian Anchialine Ponds

ABSTRACT In the Hawaiian Islands, intentionally introduced exotic fishes have been linked to changes in native biodiversity and community composition. In 1905, the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis was introduced to control mosquitoes. Subsequently, G. affinis spread throughout the Islands and into coastal anchialine ponds. Previous studies suggest that presence of invasive fishes in anchialine ponds may eliminate native species, including the endemic shrimp Halocaridina rubra. We examined effects of G. affinis on H. rubra populations in anchialine ponds on the Kona-Kohala coast of the island of Hawai‘i. In the presence of G. affinis, H. rubra exhibited a diel activity pattern that was not seen in fishless ponds. Shrimp in ponds with fish were active only at night. This pattern was evident in anchialine ponds and in laboratory experiments. In laboratory predation experiments, G. affinis preferentially consumed smaller H. rubra, and in the field the H. rubra collected from invaded sites were larger than those from fishless ponds. Analysis of trophic position using stable isotope analyses showed that feeding of H. rubra was not significantly distinct from that of snails, assumed to feed at trophic level 2.0 on epilithic algae, but G. affinis was slightly omnivorous, feeding at tropic level 2.2. The mosquito fish diet was apparently composed primarily of algae when the defensive behavior of H. rubra made them substantially unavailable as prey. The effect of successful establishment of G. affinis on shrimp behavior has the potential to alter abundance of benthic algae and processing and recycling of nutrients in anchialine pond ecosystems.
The Effect of Labeled/Unlabeled Prior Information for Masseter Segmentation

Several segmentation methods are implemented and applied to segment the facial masseter tissue from magnetic resonance images. The common idea for all methods is to take advantage of prior information from different MR images belonging to different individuals in segmentation of a test MR image. Standard atlas-based segmentation methods and probabilistic segmentation methods based on Markov random field use labeled prior information. In this study, a new approach is also proposed where unlabeled prior information from a set of MR images is used to segment masseter tissue in a probabilistic framework. The proposed method uses only a seed point that indicates the target tissue and performs automatic segmentation for the selected tissue without using labeled training set. The segmentation results of all methods are validated and compared where the influences of labeled or unlabeled prior information and initialization are discussed particularly. It is shown that if appropriate modeling is done, there is no need for labeled prior information. The best accuracy is obtained by the proposed approach where unlabeled prior information is used.
Taking advantages of ontology and contexts to determine similarity of data

Data integration is the process of unifying data sharing some common semantics but are originated from unrelated sources. In our work we consider these sources are autonomous, heterogeneous and they are physically distributed. These three characteristics make the integration task more difficult as there are several aspects to bear in mind. In this work we only focus on one of these aspects, the semantic heterogeneity, which deals with the meaning of the concepts within the information sources. As each source contains a specific vocabulary according to its understanding of the world, terms denoting same meaning can be very difficult to find. In this paper we will briefly explain our method to find similarities using ontologies and contexts. We will propose some improvements in the similarity functions in order to take advantages of the information the ontologies provide.
Efficient Simulation of Large Scale Dynamic Structure Cell Spaces

We present the aggregated abstract simulators for the Dynamic Structure Discrete Time System Specification (DSDTSS) formalism. These simulators allow to simulate large scale cell spaces undergoing structural changes efficiently. A generic algorithm for the optimisation of large scale transport processes simulation is provided. This algorithm consists in dynamically controlling the calculation domain (the set of cells whose state is computed at a given time step) during the simulation. Finally, a fire spreading application using the DSDTSS formalism is provided to pinpoint the advantages of using the DSDTSS formalism for modelling and simulating large dynamic structure cell spaces.
A matricial public key cryptosystem with digital signature

We describe a new public key cryptosystem using block upper triangular matrices with elements in Zp, based on a generalization of the discrete logarithm problem over a finite group. The proposed cryptosystem is very efficient, requiring very few operations and also allows an ElGamal based digital signature scheme. The main benefit is that the security level is higher than other algorithms for the same key size.