Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep packet inspection using parallel Bloom filters

Recent advances in network packet processing focus on payload inspection for applications that include content-based billing, layer-7 switching and Internet security. Most of the applications in this family need to search for predefined signatures in the packet payload. Hence an important building block of these processors is string matching infrastructure. Since conventional software-based algorithms for string matching have not kept pace with high network speeds, specialized high-speed, hardware-based solutions are needed. We describe a technique based on Bloom filters for detecting predefined signatures (a string of bytes) in the packet payload. A Bloom filter is a data structure for representing a set of strings in order to support membership queries. We use hardware Bloom filters to isolate all packets that potentially contain predefined signatures. Another independent process eliminates false positives produced by Bloom filters. We outline our approach for string matching at line speeds and present a performance analysis. Finally, we report the results for a prototype implementation of this system on the FPX platform. Our analysis shows that with the state-of-the-art FPGAs, a set of 10,000 strings can be scanned in the network data at the line speed of OC-48 (2.4 Gbps).
Cadmium affects glutathione-related metabolism in Vicia faba roots

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals in plants. To investigate whether Cd induces common plant defense pathways, different physiological and molecular reactions, including modifications in glutathione (GSH) level, activity and gene expression of glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme were characterized in roots of hydroponically cultivated-Vicia seedlings during 12, 24 and 48 h. Vicia roots which accumulated the metal, showed an increase in GR1-like gene transcripts, encoding for GR enzyme, as earlier as 12 h after the onset of the Cd treatment while the root growth was not as yet affected by the Cd treatment. When Vicia roots exposure was longer (24 h and 48 h), metal induced significant decreases in fresh (FW), dry weight (DW) and water content. These growth changes were accompanied by progressively increases in GR activity, GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level.
Explorer The Symbolic Interior Point Method

Numerical optimization is arguably the most prominent computational framework in machine learning and AI. It can be seen as an assembly language for hard combinatorial problems ranging from classification and regression in learning, to computing optimal policies and equilibria in decision theory, to entropy minimization in information sciences. Unfortunately, specifying such problems in complex domains involving relations, objects and other logical dependencies is cumbersome at best, requiring considerable expert knowledge, and solvers require models to be painstakingly reduced to standard forms. To overcome this, we introduce a rich modeling framework for optimization problems that allows convenient codification of symbolic structure. Rather than reducing this symbolic structure to a sparse or dense matrix, we represent and exploit it directly using algebraic decision diagrams (ADDs). Combining efficient ADD-based matrix-vector algebra with a matrix-free interior-point method, we develop an engine that can fully leverage the structure of symbolic representations to solve convex linear and quadratic optimization problems. We demonstrate the flexibility of the resulting symbolic-numeric optimizer on decision making and compressed sensing tasks with millions of non-zero entries.
MICAL3 Flavoprotein Monooxygenase Forms a Complex with Centralspindlin and Regulates Cytokinesis*

During cytokinesis, the antiparallel array of microtubules forming the central spindle organizes the midbody, a structure that anchors the ingressed cleavage furrow and guides the assembly of abscission machinery. Here, we identified a role for the flavoprotein monooxygenase MICAL3, an actin disassembly factor, in organizing midbody-associated protein complexes. By combining cell biological assays with cross-linking mass spectrometry, we show that MICAL3 is recruited to the central spindle and the midbody through a direct interaction with the centralspindlin component MKLP1. Knock-out of MICAL3 leads to an increased frequency of cytokinetic failure and a delayed abscission. In a mechanism independent of its enzymatic activity, MICAL3 targets the adaptor protein ELKS and Rab8A-positive vesicles to the midbody, and the depletion of ELKS and Rab8A also leads to cytokinesis defects. We propose that MICAL3 acts as a midbody-associated scaffold for vesicle targeting, which promotes maturation of the intercellular bridge and abscission.
Parallel reduced-order Extended Kalman Filter for PMSM sensorless drives

This paper proposes a speed sensorless vector control system for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by using a parallel reduced-order extended Kalman filter. The proposed scheme can save computation time greatly and estimate rotor speed and position by using new algorithms according to driving regions. To verify the merit of the proposed scheme, a comparison of a new reduced-order EKF algorithm with a conventional EKF algorithm has been also made in terms of computation time. Simulation and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show the feasibility of the proposed estimation technique.
Propagation, Quantification, Detection, and Storage of West Nile Virus

West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family of enveloped, single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA viruses. WNV, an emerging viral pathogen, is transmitted by mosquitoes to birds and mammals and is responsible for an increasing incidence of human disease in North America and Europe. Due to its ease of use in the laboratory and the availability of robust mouse models of disease, WNV provides an excellent experimental system for studying molecular virology and pathogenesis of infection by flaviviruses. Here, we describe common laboratory techniques used to propagate, quantify, detect, and store WNV. We also briefly describe appropriate safety precautions required for the laboratory use of WNV, which is classified as a Biosafety Level 3 pathogen by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 31:15D.3. 1‐15D.3. 18. ©2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improved area estimates for localization in wireless sensor networks

To accurately determine the location of every sensor in large wireless sensor networks is normally very computation intensive and hence, is not cost-effective. On the other hand, a coarse estimate of the sensors' location is usually sufficient for many applications. The Area Localization Scheme (ALS) has been proposed as a scheme that estimates the position of every sensor within a certain region rather than identifying its exact location. Experimental results have shown that ALS is a promising technique with an accuracy of over 80% of sensors successfully localized. However, the accuracy of the scheme is dependent of the location of the sensors, as the regions into which the sensors are localized are not of uniform sizes. If a sensor is predicted to lie in a small region, then there is a higher probability that the prediction is inaccurate, and vice versa. In this paper, we aim to correct such discrepancy in defining positioning error. We propose to aggregate smaller regions to form more uniform regions within which nodes are localized. This effort improves the overall scheme's accuracy according to some predefined threshold.
Trust performance of AODV, DSR and DSDV in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have their profound applications almost in all possible fields to facilitate automation. All WSNs contain low powered nodes for sensing information about the environmental conditions and incessant reporting to the base station. Security is a very essential and critical criterion for communication. The nodes must be trust worthy and believable for routing sensed information. Hence we analyze the trustworthiness of AODV, DSR and DSDV protocols in a WSN. Network simulator is used for the simulation analysis of the three protocols.
Assessment of Precise Time Protocol in a Prototype System for the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility

Data acquisition and real-time control in nuclear fusion science are usually demanding with respect to the number of involved components, the amount of handled data, and the accuracy required in time reconstruction. The latter aspect becomes critical in new and future experiments that will be running for hours. In these conditions, the mechanisms used to generate and distribute time information, to keep synchronization in devices such as acquisition boards and processing nodes, and to label with a timestamp the acquired samples play an important role. The IEEE1588 Precise Time Protocol (PTP) is a standard for clock synchronization that can be implemented over an Ethernet network. The technology is being considered for the implementation of the timing system of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility to be built in Padova, Italy. A PTP network has been set up using commercial off-the-shelf PTP electronic components, PTP and non-PTP switches, with the purpose of assessing the synchronism in conditions similar to those expected in real application. The capabilities of the PTP standard and of PTP hardware have been assessed with different measurement methodologies. Data have been acquired and analyzed using internal capabilities of the PTP hardware, a histogram-enabled digital oscilloscope, and a couple of digital acquisition boards. In particular, the last measurement method is based on data acquisition hardware that is commonly used in fusion experiments. The different measurements of the synchronization performance are in good agreement. These measurements allow assessing the accuracy in time reconstruction and in particular its dependency on the network switches. Based on the results obtained, the tested PTP implementation can be considered a candidate for time reconstruction of signals with analog bandwidth up to 33 kHz.
Heart rate variability in infants with apparent life‐threatening events

Heart rate variability (HRV) is often used as an index of sympatho‐vagal balance. A decreased HRV has been observed in patients with central hypoventilation and in infants who have later succumbed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HRV is altered in infants with apparent life‐threatening events (ALTE), a group with an increased risk of SIDS. Fifty infants with ALTE were compared with 50 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. ECG was recorded overnight in all infants. Two sequences of RR intervals free of artefacts were selected from each sleep state and spectral analysis of RR variability was performed. The mean and SD of RR and the low (LFPow) and high (HFPow) frequency power were analysed. In active sleep (AS) the LF/HF ratio was lower in ALTE infants, but no differences were seen in either the LFPow or the HFPow. In quiet sleep (QS), however, ALTE infants had higher SD‐RR (p= 0.006), greater HFPow (p= 0.02) and VLFPow (very low frequency power, p= 0.02) than the control infants. The same results were seen when the two sleep states were combined for analysis, ALTE infants had higher SD‐RR (p= 0.004), HFPow (p= 0.006) and VLFPow (p= 0.04).
INFLUENCE OF CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS ON GUT IMMUNE CELL DISTRIBUTION AND APOPTOSIS RATE IN EXPERIMENTAL SEPSIS

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine if cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors influence immune cell distribution in the small intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), the grade of mucosal damage, and the rate of apoptosis in septic rats. The effects induced by a selective COX-2 inhibitor (SC-236) were compared with those of a nonselective COX-1 and -2 inhibitor (indomethacin). Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP + SC-236 p.o, and CLP + indomethacin p.o, were evaluated. Animals were harvested 6 and 24 h after CLP, respectively. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was higher in ascitic fluid than in blood. CLP + SC-236 attenuated IL-6 in plasma and in ascitic fluid and CLP + indomethacin augmented TNF-&agr; in ascitic fluid compared with CLP at 6 h. CLP + SC-236 gave a lesser degree of mucosal damage compared with CLP alone or with indomethacin at 6 and 24 h (P < 0.05). Untreated CLP had significant reductions in the number of T lymphocytes in the villi and increases of macrophages in the mucosa and MLNs compared with controls (P < 0.05). CLP + indomethacin decreased T lymphocytes in the villi and MLNs. CLP caused an enhanced apoptosis in the mucosa compared with controls (P < 0.05), pretreatment with COX inhibitors did not significantly change this. Both COX inhibitors enhanced apoptosis in MLNs and attenuated the increase of macrophages in mucosa and MLNs (P < 0.05). It is proposed that the increased apoptosis and the decrease in T cells in the mucosa may be causally related. Apoptosis of lymphocytes may impair the immunologic defense in sepsis. Furthermore, loss of intestinal epithelial cells may compromise bowel wall integrity and facilitate translocation.
Transmitter-induced modulation of subionospheric VLF signals: Ionospheric heating rather than electron precipitation

[1] The controlled keying of ground-based VLF transmitters with periodic on/off sequences allows the detection of weak but measurable cross-modulation effects on other subionospheric VLF probe signals used for VLF remote sensing. In this paper, we reexamine previously published and additional cases of such events and determine that the initial interpretations of such cross modulation as being due to electron precipitation is likely incorrect. Rather, such events appear to be fully consistent with ionospheric heating caused by the keyed signal, even when the probe VLF signal path lies thousands of kilometers from the heating VLF transmitter. The 21.4 kHz transmitter NPM located in Lualualei, Hawaii, is keyed on/off in periodic sequences, and that same periodicity is observed on the subionospherically propagating probe signal generated by the 24.8 kHz transmitter NLK of Jim Creek, Washington. Previous initial conclusions published for these experiments do not hold under detailed review due to the lack of discernible onset delay and lag time in the observed perturbations, which eliminates transmitter-induced precipitation of electron radiation as a possible cause. Detailed testing of the receiver shows instrumental cross-modulation to not be a concern in these observations. It is thus concluded that the observed perturbations, despite occurring on a probe signal pathway that is 1750 km away from NPM at its point of closest approach, are due to direct ionospheric heating by the keyed VLF transmitter NPM. Results indicate that the VLF transmitter may affect the overlying ionosphere over much larger lateral regions than previously believed.
Effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology

Significance This paper provides a synthesis of results from experimental studies on plants and animals, and shows that there is strong evidence that genotypic and heritable phenotypic diversity improves establishment success and population persistence. An increased focus on among-individual variation may improve the success of conservation programs aiming to revitalize declining populations and species. Recognizing the role of diversity may also improve our ability to identify and ultimately prevent potential harmful invading species from spreading outside of their native ranges, and aid the development of means for improved protection against epizootics and epidemics. There is abundant evidence that the probability of successful establishment in novel environments increases with number of individuals in founder groups and with number of repeated introductions. Theory posits that the genotypic and phenotypic variation among individuals should also be important, but few studies have examined whether founder diversity influences establishment independent of propagule pressure, nor whether the effect is model or context dependent. I summarize the results of 18 experimental studies and report on a metaanalysis that provides strong evidence that higher levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity in founder groups increase establishment success in plants and animals. The effect of diversity is stronger in experiments carried out under natural conditions in the wild than under seminatural or standardized laboratory conditions. The realization that genetic and phenotypic variation is key to successful establishment may improve the outcome of reintroduction and translocation programs used to vitalize or restore declining and extinct populations. Founder diversity may also improve the ability of invasive species to establish and subsequently spread in environments outside of their native community, and enhance the ability of pathogens and parasites to colonize and invade the environment constituted by their hosts. It is argued that exchange of ideas, methodological approaches, and insights of the role of diversity for establishment in different contexts may further our knowledge, vitalize future research, and improve management plans in different disciplines.
Facilitating mobile crowdsensing from both organizers' and participants' perspectives. (Facilitation de la collecte participative des données mobiles (mobile crowdsensing) au point de vue des organisateurs et des participants)

Mobile crowdsensing is a novel paradigm for urban sensing applications using a crowd of participants' sensor-equipped smartphones. To successfully complete mobile crowdsensing tasks, various concerns of participants and organizers need to be carefully considered. For participants, primary concerns include energy consumption, mobile data cost, privacy, etc. For organizers, data quality and budget are two critical concerns. In this dissertation, to address both participants' and organizers' concerns, two mobile crowdsensing mechanisms are proposed - collaborative data uploading and sparse mobile crowdsensing. In collaborative data uploading, participants help each other through opportunistic encounters and data relays in the data uploading process of crowdsensing, in order to save energy consumption, mobile data cost, etc. Specifically, two collaborative data uploading procedures are proposed (1) effSense, which helps participants with enough data plan to save energy consumption, and participants with little data plan to save mobile data cost; (2) ecoSense, which reduces organizers' incentive refund that is paid for covering participants' mobile data cost. In sparse mobile crowdsensing, spatial and temporal correlations among sensed data are leveraged to significantly reduce the number of allocated tasks thus organizers' budget, still ensuring data quality. Specifically, a sparse crowdsensing task allocation framework, CCS-TA, is implemented with compressive sensing, active learning, and Bayesian inference techniques. Furthermore, differential privacy is introduced into sparse mobile crowdsensing to address participants' location privacy concerns
Effect of Burner Offset Angles on Outlet Metal Temperature of Vertical Water Wall Tube in Supercritical Boiler

When the supercritical boiler operates, it's easy to lead the metal temperature of outlet of the vertical water-cooling wall tube to fluctuate considerably, and even makes the pipe wall overheating and fatigue damage on adjusting the running parameters continually. With studying the sensitivity of the running parameters for the metal temperature of vertical water wall tube, the running parameters could be adjusted to control the fluctuate range of the outlet metal temperature under different burner offset angles. The LS-SVM (Least Square Support Vector Machines) was proposed to construct a model for the outlet metal temperature, based on this model, the relation between the running parameters and the outlet metal temperature was analyzed under different burner offset angles. So the sensitivity of the running parameters for outlet metal temperature could be obtained under different burner offset angles. There is instructional meaning exists in the result for the control and the adjusting, which are on the outlet metal temperature of vertical water wall tube in supercritical boiler.
The Modified APC Resistance Test

Jorquera et al. (1) and Trossacrt et al. (2) have shown that the A PC resistance lest on patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy may he satisfactorily performed by diluting the plasma in factor V depleted plasma, to normalise the vitamin K dependent dotting factors. However a word of caution is necessary. Using the Contest A PC resistance kit (Chromogenix Sweden), we have tested fresh plasma from 18 normal persons, fresh plasma from 18 patients on warfarin therapy and frozen plasma from 10 persons with A P C resistance, with dilution in factor V depleted plasma from the two sources quoted, immuno-depleted, (Diagnostic Grilols, Barcelona Spain) and artificially depleted, (Slago, Paris Prance). The factor V II I levels were 65 and 0.1 i.u. /dl respectively, but other clotting factors were within normal limits. Thus the Stage plasma is both factor V and factor V I I I depleted. The mean APC-ralios (Activated partial throm­ boplastin time (APTT) with A PC divided by the A P T T without A PC ) are shown in the table and there is little change on dilution of normal plasma using the Diagnostic Grifols plasma. We also established that there was little change in the APC-ralios on dilution of pooled normal plasma in Sigma and Diagen factor V immunodepleted plasma (data not shown). In agreement with Trossacrt et al. we found the A PC ralios to increase in normal samples and to decrease in A P C resistant samples on dilution in the Slago plasma. The factor V I I I level of the plasma samples would be more critical using dilution in the Stago plasma. We have also observed that when the initial factor V I I I is low, the APC-ratio is raised, but is reduced after dilution in Grifols plasma, which is likely to be the true value because the factor V I I I is then within normal limits. This is illustrated in the table, in which mixtures with low levels of factor V I I I give the same APC-ratio as normal plas­ ma, when diluted in the Grifols plasma. Dilution of the same samples in Stago plasma increases further the APC-ratio because of the very low final concentration of factor V III. Examples of 40% , 2 0 % and 10% are shown in the Table. Thus, A P C resistance could be mis­ diagnosed in the presence of a low factor V I I I using dilution in Stago plasma. These results are in keeping with the observations of Shen and Dahlback (3) who showed that factor V illa, and not factor Va is the pre­ ferred substrate for the inhibitory synergistic mixture of APC, Protein S and factor V. It has also been shown that the APC-ratio increases in