Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rain Peak Morphology on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Miyun Water Source Reserve in China

The research on the impact of rainfall patterns on runoff and sediment yield is still insufficient, especially under natural rainfall conditions. We analyzed the influence of rain peak morphology on runoff and sediment yield based on the data of rainfall, runoff, and sediment in the bare runoff plot of Shixia, a small watershed in the Miyun district of Beijing, from 2007 to 2016. We took 0.4 mm min−1 as the standard of rain peak classification and the peak width, peak number, peak value, peak position and multi-peak continuity as the indexes of rain peak morphology. The results showed that: (1) Peak number, peak value, and peak width were significantly correlated with runoff and sediment yield, while peak position was irrelevant. The order of correlation between rain peak morphology indexes and runoff yield was peak width (0.71) > peak number (0.69) > peak value (0.33) > peak position (0.05). The order of correlation between rain peak morphological indexes and sediment yield was peak width (0.62) > peak value (0.36) > peak number (0.36) > peak position (−0.09). The multi-peak continuity was not correlated with runoff (0.12) and sediment yield (0.45). (2) When the number of rain peaks was greater than one in a single rainfall, the amount of runoff and sediment production increased significantly. (3) For multi-peak rainfall, 90 min was the boundary point of the rain peak interval, and the sediment yield formed by rainfall with a rain peak continuity >1/90 min−1 was significantly larger than the rainfall of ≤1/90 min−1. (4) Covariance analysis showed that the runoff caused by rainfall with a peak at the middle positions was obviously more than rainfall with a peak at the front position. However, the peak position had no significant effect on the sediment yield. (5) The peak rainfall amount of a rainfall (TPR) was a comprehensive index reflecting peak number, peak value and peak width, and the correlation between it and the sediment yield and runoff reached 0.60 and 0.71, respectively. Statistical rainfall characteristic indexes included rainfall amount, average rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, I5 (maximum 5-min rainfall intensity), I10, I15, I20, I30, and I60, among which I60 had the strongest correlation with runoff and sediment yield (0.69, 0.60), which were much larger than other rainfall indexes (0.08~0.47, 0.14~0.48) except rainfall amount (0.75, 0.37). By establishing a regression equation, it was found that both TPR and I60 had good explanatory power for runoff and weak explanatory power for sediment yield.
THE POPULATION DENSITY OF MONSTERS IN OKANAGAN LAKE , BRITISH COLUMBIA

A quantitative food web of Okanagan Lake, British Columbia, Canada, is presented which shows that the lake could support a small population of large reptilian monsters, lending credence to recurring sightings of a creature called ‘Ogopogo. ’ Using arguments drawn from population genetics, we suggest two alternative population structures for Ogopogo, and a number of phenotypic attributes, notably dimorphism and a pale coloration, which explain certain aspects of the sightings reported so far. Whatever their actual population structure, Ogopogo appear endangered by the present fisheries in Lake Okanagan, which should be immediately closed.
Working Capital Management, Government Ownership, and Shareholder Wealth

Working capital management involves the management of a firm’s cash holdings, its extension of credit to its customers, its investment in inventories, and its use of trade credit. While these are important concerns, it is not clear whether they are more or less important to shareholders in an emerging market such as China. Further, it is not clear whether state ownership or tunneling are significant influences on how outside shareholders value these financial choices. We use data on a sample of Chinese firms traded on the Shanghai (SHSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (SZSE) to address these issues. We find that: (1) there are differences in how working capital in China is valued by shareholders from how it is valued in the U.S., (2) we extend Jiang, Lee and Yue (2010) by demonstrating that tunneling affects the valuation of the use of trade credit as well as the extension of trade credit, (3) increased government ownership reduces shareholder wealth but not through working capital channels, and (4) we do find evidence that government ownership may reduce the wealth losses associated with tunneling in firms open only to domestic investors.
Scale-Specific Modeling of Class-Level Uncertainty in Landform Taxonomies Using Fuzzy Sets

A multi-scale geomorphometric landform system was created through the use of fuzzy semantic import models and fuzzy overlay to measure distribution of landforms within parcels of the Conservation Reserve Program in Northeast Kansas, United States. The uncertainty and stability of landform classes was measured by calculating the area proportions covered by these classes at varying levels of classification entropy across different scales. Within each scale (defined here as search radius), the landform classes backslopes and flats had the highest proportional representation of all classes at most entropy levels (defined by values greater than or equal to 0.95, 0.90, 0.85, and 0.75, respectively). At the highest entropy level (0.99) the class proportions were more variable. This is important as both backslopes and flats showed dominant proportions of total area at different scales (backslopes at finer scales, and flats at coarser scales) within CRP Parcels. The presented approach allows an improved implementation of landform models by incorporating an uncertainty assessment and sensitivity analysis for a variation of spatial scales.
Master event relocation of microseismic event using the subspace detector

Microseismic events can be induced in hydrocarbon reservoirs due to human activities. Automated detection and location of these events is desirable in monitoring reservoir changes and revealing extent of fracture growth in real time. Most detection algorithms produce initial estimates of arrival times which sometimes contain large errors, degrading the accuracy of earthquake location procedures. The uncertainty associated with the estimated hypocenter locations can sometimes be larger than the source dimensions as a result, restricting the resolution of the seismicity image. We have developed an efficient method for reprocessing arrival time measurements using the subspace detector. Previously detected events are used to construct a signal subspace which represents similar but significantly variable microseismic signals. The basis waveforms comprising the subspace representation have improved signalto-noise ratios permitting a more accurate definition of the absolute arrival time. These are then used to correct arrival time inconsistencies via cross correlation. A workflow for implementing this procedure from event detection to location is shown and tested on real data. We find the performance of the repicking method is comparable with manually picked arrival times and dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio of the basis waveforms.
1D Quantum Simulations of Electron Rescattering with Metallic Nanoblades

Electron rescattering has been well studied and simulated for cases with ponderomotive energies of the quasi-free electrons, derived from laser–gas and laser–surface interactions, lower than 50 eV. However, with advents in longer wavelengths and laser field enhancement metallic surfaces, previous simulations no longer suffice to describe more recent strong field and high yield experiments. We present a brief introduction to and some of the theoretical and empirical background of electron rescattering emissions from a metal. We set upon using the Jellium potential with a shielded atomic surface potential to model the metal. We then explore how the electron energy spectra are obtained in the quantum simulation, which is performed using a custom computationally intensive time-dependent Schrödinger equation solver via the Crank–Nicolson method. Finally, we discuss the results of the simulation and examine the effects of the incident laser’s wavelength, peak electric field strength, and field penetration on electron spectra and yields. Future simulations will investigate a more accurate density functional theory metallic model with a system of several non-interacting electrons. Eventually, we will move to a full time-dependent density functional theory approach.
Animal Recognition Using Different Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

This thesis describes the use of four Deep Convolutional Neural Network techniques for training and classifying various kinds of animals. To achieve this aim, several convolutional neural network architectures are used. The AlexNet, LeNet, GoogLeNet, and FlickrStyle architectures are used to train and evaluate the classification performance on three animal datasets: The Wild-Anim dataset and two other novel species-specific animal datasets: the RUG-Goats and RUG-Snakes datasets. These datasets are considered challenging due to the limited number of images per class and less discriminatory features between similar kinds of animal species. The experimental activities on the deep neural network architectures on these datasets were carried out on the Caffe deep learning framework. The results show that GoogLeNet outperforms all other Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods. Details of the experimental settings and the results are discussed in this paper.
The Q-LAMP Method Represents a Valid and Rapid Alternative for the Detection of the BCR-ABL1 Rearrangement in Philadelphia-Positive Leukemias

Molecular detection of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts is necessary for the genetic confirmation of a chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosis and for the risk classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BCR-ABL1 mRNAs are usually identified using a conventional RT-PCR technique according to the BIOMED-1 method. In this study, we evaluated 122 BCR-ABL1-positive samples with the Q-LAMP assay to establish if this technology may represent a valid alternative to the qualitative BIOMED-1 PCR technique usually employed for the detection and the discrimination of the common BCR-ABL1 transcripts (p190 and p210 isoforms). We found a 100% concordance rate between the two methods. Specifically, the p190- and p210-positive samples were amplified by Q-LAMP with a median threshold time (Tt) of 26.70 min (range: 24.45–31.80 min) and 20.26 min (range: 15.25-34.57 min), respectively. A median time of 19.63 was observed in samples displaying both (e13a2/e14a2) p210 isoforms. Moreover, the Q-LAMP assay allowed recognition of the BCR-ABL1 e13a2 and e14a2 isoforms (median Tts 18.48 for e13a2 vs. 26.08 min for e14a2; p < 0.001). Finally, 20 samples harboring rare BCR-ABL1 isoforms (e1a3, e13a3, e14a3, and e19a2) were correctly identified by the Q-LAMP assay. We conclude that the Q-LAMP assay may represent a faster and valid alternative to the qualitative BIOMED-1 RT-PCR for the diagnosis at BCR-ABL1-positive leukemias, especially when samples are analyzed in centers with restricted resources and/or limited technical expertise.
Land-Cover Dependent Relationships between Fire and Soil Moisture

For this study, we characterized the dependence of fire counts (FCs) on soil moisture (SM) at global and sub-global scales using 15 years of remote sensing data. We argue that this mathematical relationship serves as an effective way to predict fire because it is a proxy for the semi-quantitative fire–productivity relationship that describes the tradeoff between fuel availability and climate as constraints on fire activity. We partitioned the globe into land-use and land-cover (LULC) categories of forest, grass, cropland, and pasture to investigate how the fire–soil moisture (fire–SM) behavior varies as a function of LULC. We also partitioned the globe into four broadly defined biomes (Boreal, Grassland-Savanna, Temperate, and Tropical) to study the dependence of fire–SM behavior on LULC across those biomes. The forest and grass LULC fire–SM curves are qualitatively similar to the fire–productivity relationship with a peak in fire activity at intermediate SM, a steep decline in fire activity at low SM (productivity constraint), and gradual decline as SM increases (climate constraint), but our analysis highlights how forests and grasses differ across biomes as well. Pasture and cropland LULC are a distinctly human use of the landscape, and fires detected on those LULC types include intentional fires. Cropland fire–SM curves are similar to those for grass LULC, but pasture fires are evident at higher SM values than other LULC. This suggests a departure from the expected climate constraint when burning is happening at non-optimal flammability conditions. Using over a decade of remote sensing data, our results show that quantifying fires relative to a single physical climate variable (soil moisture) is possible on both cultivated and uncultivated landscapes. Linking fire to observable soil moisture conditions for different land-cover types has important applications in fire management and fire modeling.
WS 3(3) 093-100

Screening-level quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) undertaken to assess health risks associated with the reticulation of recycled water have identified distribution pipe biofilms and their ability to accumulate enteric and opportunistic pathogens as potential sources of public health concern. A simplistic model to assess human health risks associated with enteric virions (extracellular viruses) present in recycled water for domestic use was therefore developed. Recycled water biofilms formed on glass and stainless steel coupons in a laboratory-scale distribution system were challenged with model enteric virions (B40-8, MS-2 and FX174 bacteriophages). Approximately 1% of bacteriophages present in the adjacent bulk water was incorporated into 3 month-old biofilms and a persistent sub-population (0.01%) of the model enteric virions remained infectious in biofilms throughout an experimental period of 30 days. Significant potential for virions to accumulate within biofilms was therefore demonstrated, and indeed biofilm uptake could mask treatment failures assessed through analysis of the bulk water (infectious virions would not be detected after 1.5 km even if 10.L–1 virions present in treated effluent). Subsequent sloughing of biofilm into the bulk water phase could therefore release infective virions within mobilized aggregates of biofilm and infect susceptible consumers. During normal operating conditions (one virion in 100 L of water) sufficient virions may accumulate within distribution pipe biofilms that a 50% sloughing event could present a Pi (annual) of 1.9 × 10–4 for the consumption of 1 mL of water, exceeding the US-EPA benchmark of 10–4.
A Comparative CFD Study on Laminar and Turbulent Flow Fields in
 Dual-Rushton Turbine Stirred Vessels

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation was carried out to study on flow field characteristics in dual-Rusthton turbine stirred vessels in laminar and turbulent regimes. Model validation was conducted using experimental data in the literature. The simulation results show that flow pattern and dimensionless velocity distribution vary with Reynolds number in laminar regime, while these parameters remain almost unchanged for different Reynolds numbers in turbulent regime. For vessels with a certain geometrical configuration, flow pattern, dimensionless velocity distribution and impeller power number depend mainly on Reynolds number, and are little affected by working medium and enlargement scale. By changing impeller spacing and offbottom clearance of lower impeller, it is obtained the parallel, merging and diverging flow patterns in turbulent regime, and the changing processes of flow patterns in laminar regime for the three configurations. Total power number has the order of parallel>diverging>merging for the three configurations at the same Reynolds number. With increasing of Reynolds number, the power number of merging configuration shows the largest drop, followed by diverging configuration, and the lowest drop for parallel configuration in laminar regime, while power number rises slightly for the three configurations in turbulent regime.
Availability and Fade Margin Calculations for 5G Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Anyhaul Links

The deployment of new radio access technologies always provides a good opportunity and timing to optimize the existing mobile frontand backhaul (commonly called “anyhaul”). The legacy systems (Long-Term Evolution (LTE), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), third-generation mobile (3G), second-generation mobile (2G)) already extensively utilize the transmission and transport capacities of the mobile anyhaul. With the current launch of 5G (fifth-generation mobile) and recent LTE-A (Advanced Long-Term Evolution), additional new transmission capacities are required again. Depending on the traffic and network topology, additional cell sites are built, and even more locations are connected with fiber optics. The existing microwave and millimeter-wave links are rotated toward those aggregation points that already have optical-fiber access. Due to the increased cell-site density, the average distance of the radio access links can be reduced by network and topology optimization. The reduced hop lengths combined with adaptive modulation and automatic power control bring an opportunity for capacity increase in shortened radio links. Links newly deployed for 5G find a wide spectrum in the millimetric V, E, W, and D frequency bands. This paper discusses the availability and hop-length targets of the anyhaul links that should be carefully kept by proper planning and monitoring.
Kinetic Analysis of High-Temperature Plastic Flow in 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel

High-temperature plastic flow of heat-resistant 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel was investigated by hot tension (at 500–650 °C) on a Gleeble 3800 machine. The strain rate of hot tension was set as 0.001–1 s−1. The constitutive relation of the steel was modeled by the introduction of the parameters termed “true activation energy” and “threshold stress”. Then, the kinetics of high-temperature plastic flow was analyzed based on an Arrhenius equation modified by a “threshold stress”. The stress exponent of the modified equation was equal to 5. True activation energy was estimated to be 132 kJ·mol−1. According to the slip band model, the basic mechanism behind the hot deformation of the steel was considered to be dislocation climbing, which was governed by grain boundary diffusion. This model proved to be successful in its analysis of the experimental results of hot tension tests.
Computerised Marking of Short-Answer Free-Text Responses

Open-ended items requiring a free-text response are highly valued in traditional paper-based assessment and learning, but have been absent from computer-based assessment due to limitations in computerised marking technology. Recent developments, however, have seen the introduction of natural language based assessment engines. One such engine has been developed in the UK by Intelligent Assessment Technologies. The engine looks for specific content within free-text responses, the content being specified in the form of a number of mark scheme templates. Each template represents one form of a valid (or a specifically invalid) answer. The representation of the templates is such that they can be robustly mapped to multiple variations in the input text. The engine has been developed specifically to provide robust computerised marking of short-answer free-text items. This paper describes the operation of the marking engine, and describes a model based on computerised marking and computer-assisted moderation. A case study for the technology is described, namely the computerisation of a medical progress test at Dundee University, where a test comprising 270 short-answer free-text items is now delivered, marked, and moderated using a computerised system.
Yellow Fever Virus Genotyping Tool and Investigation of Suspected Adverse Events Following Yellow Fever Vaccination

The yellow fever (YF) vaccine consists of an attenuated virus, and despite its relative safety, some adverse events following YF vaccination have been described. At the end of 2016, Brazil experienced the most massive sylvatic yellow fever outbreak over the last 70 years and an intense campaign of YF vaccination occurred in Minas Gerais state in Southeast Brazil from 2016 to 2018. The present study aimed to develop a genotyping tool and investigate 21 cases of suspected adverse events following YF vaccination. Initial in silico analyses were performed using partial NS5 nucleotide sequences to verify the discriminatory potential between wild-type and vaccine viruses. Samples from patients were screened for the presence of the YFV RNA, using 5′UTR as the target, and then used for amplification of partial NS5 gene amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Genotyping indicated that 17 suspected cases were infected by the wild-type yellow fever virus, but four cases remained inconclusive. The genotyping tool was efficient in distinguishing the vaccine from wild-type virus, and it has the potential to be used for the differentiation of all yellow fever virus genotypes.
Configurable Distributed Data Management for the Internet of the Things

One of the main challenges in modern Internet of Things (IoT) systems is the efficient collection, routing and management of data streams from heterogeneous sources, including sources with high ingestion rates. Despite the existence of various IoT data streaming frameworks, there is still no easy way for collecting and routing IoT streams in efficient and configurable ways that are easy to be implemented and deployed in realistic environments. In this paper, we introduce a programmable engine for Distributed Data Analytics (DDA), which eases the task of collecting IoT streams from different sources and accordingly, routing them to appropriate consumers. The engine provides also the means for preprocessing and analysis of data streams, which are two of the most important tasks in Big Data analytics applications. At the heart of the engine lies a Domain Specific Language (DSL) that enables the zero-programming definition of data routing and preprocessing tasks. This DSL is outlined in the paper, along with the middleware that supports its runtime execution. As part of the paper, we present the architecture of the engine, as well as the digital models that it uses for modelling data streams in the digital world. We also discuss the validation of the DDA in several data intensive IoT use cases in industrial environments, including use cases in pilot productions lines and in several real-life manufacturing environments. The latter manifest the configurability, programmability and flexibility of the DDA engine, as well as its ability to support practical applications.
ANY AND-OR FORMULA OF SIZE N CAN BE EVALUATED IN TIME N ON A QUANTUM COMPUTER∗

Consider the problem of evaluating an AND-OR formula on an N -bit black-box input. We present a bounded-error quantum algorithm that solves this problem in time N 1 / 2+ o (1) . In particular, approximately balanced formulas can be evaluated in O ( √ N ) queries, which is optimal. The idea of the algorithm is to apply phase estimation to a discrete-time quantum walk on a weighted tree whose spectrum encodes the value of the formula.
STATISTICS IN TRANSITION-new series, December 2011

Nowadays, matching is a widely used technique to estimate program net effects. The goal of the method is to establish a counterfactual state by choosing from the control pool a group that is similar to those in the treatment group. In this article we propose a modification of the matching with caliper procedure. The novelty in our approach is setting the caliper value as a fraction of estimated propensity score. The simulation results and examples are presented. Using Deheija and Wahba (1999) data benefits of the proposed approach are stressed. The obtained results indicate that proposed approach is more efficient than the one traditionally used.