Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Efficacy of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (Serm) In Aberration of Normal Development and Involution of Breast (Andi)

A better understanding of benign breast disorders comes from a comprehensive framework ‘Aberrations of normal development and Involution’ (ANDI) – under which most of the breast complaints can be explained. Benign Breast disorders can be noted as ‘Universal phenomenon’ in all ages of women causing physical and psychological distress to the patient. ANDI is an umbrella term used to describe the breast disorders that arise due to minor aberrations of the normal process of development, cyclical hormonal response and Involution. Though there have been many drugs used previously, their side-effects overwhelmed the benefits. So, a drug with minimal side-effects and maximum efficacy is the need of the hour in relieving the symptoms and promoting regression of ANDI.This has encouraged this study of efficacy of a newer selective estrogen receptor modulator in ANDI. Our study claims that Ormeloxifen is significantly effective in Aberration of development and cyclical changes of Breast with targeted efficacy profile, fewer adverse effects and lower economical burden, but efficacy is not proved in Aberrations of involution of breast.
A project‐level analysis of value creation in firms

This paper analyzes value-creation in firms at the project level. We present evidence that managers facing short-termist incentives set a lower threshold for accepting projects. Using novel data on new client and product announcements in both the U.S. and international markets, we find that the market responds less positively to a new project announcement when the firm’s managers have incentives to focus on short-term stock price performance. Furthermore, textual analysis of project announcements show that firms with short-termist CEOs use more vague and generically positive language when introducing new projects to the marketplace.
Monitoring one's own knowledge during study : A cue-utilization approach to judgments of learning

How do people monitor their knowledge during acquisition? A cue-utilization approach to judgments of learning (JOLs) is outlined, distinguishing 3 types of cues for JOLs: intrinsic, extrinsic, and mnemonic. In 4 experiments using paired-associates learning, item difficulty (intrinsic) exerted similar effects of JOLs and recall. In contrast, the extrinsic factors of list repetition, item repetition within a list, and stimulus duration affected JOLs less strongly than recall, supporting the proposition that extrinsic factors are discounted in making JOLs. Although practice impaired calibration, increasing underconfidence, it did improve resolution (i.e., the recall-JOL correlation). This improvement was seen to reflect a shift in the basis of JOLs with practice, from reliance on intrinsic factors, towards greater reliance on mnemonic-based heuristics.
Learning to Coordinate: A Study in Retail Gasoline

This paper studies equilibrium selection in the retail gasoline industry. We exploit a unique dataset that contains the universe of station-level prices for an urban market for 15 years, and that encompasses a coordinated equilibrium transition mid-sample. We uncover a gradual, three-year equilibrium transition, whereby dominant firms use price leadership and price experiments to create focal points that coordinate market prices, soften price competition, and enhance retail margins. Our results inform the theory of collusion, with particular relevance to the initiation of collusion and equilibrium selection. We also highlight new insights into merger policy and collusion detection strategies. (JEL G34, L12, L13, L71, L81, Q35)
3D SURVEYING AND MODELING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES - SOME CRITICAL ISSUES -

Abstract. The goal of the reported project is to test and evaluate 3D surveying and modelling methods to document the remaining ancient byzantine city walls of the archaeological site of Aquileia in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. The objectives are threefold: (1) to use 3D data to create maps, facades and sections that provide information useful for archaeological purposes such as the investigation of architectural construction techniques or construction phases, (2) to evaluate and compare photogrammetric and laser scanner data in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the two 3D surveying techniques for archaeological applications and needs and (3) to draw broader conclusions about the applicability of photogrammetry and laser scanning for documenting and analysing ancient walls within a particular set of environmental circumstances. The paper presents the employed 3D surveying techniques, the obtained 3D results and 2D products and some critical comments.
Strong Consistency and Asymptotic Distribution of Estimator for the Intensity Function Having Form of Periodic Function Multiplied by Power Function Trend of a Poisson Process

This manuscript discusses the strong consistency and the asymptotic distribution of an estimator for a periodic component of the intensity function having a form of periodic function multiplied by power function trend of a non-homogeneous Poisson process by using a uniform kernel function. It is assumed that the period of the periodic component of intensity function is known. An estimator for the periodic component using only a single realization of a Poisson process observed at a certain interval has been constructed. This estimator has been proved to be strongly consistent if the length of the observation interval indefinitely expands. Computer simulation also showed the asymptotic normality of this estimator. Keywords— Asymptotic Distribution, Intensity Function, Power Function Trend, Strong Consistency
Smart Workload Balancing

The cognitive workload of operators working with automated systems should neither be too high nor too low. A static level of automation is unable to cope with systems that produce large fluctuations in cognitive workload, therefore a method for adaptive automation is proposed that could balance workload by intelligently choosing what to automate and when. To this end the concept of the Cognitive Workload Value factor is introduced, which takes into account both workload and situation awareness. This initial work introduces a possible framework for categorizing and using different workload and situation awareness measures.
Application of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis for Evaluating and Selecting the Best Location for Construction of Underground Dam

One crisis which human beings will probably face in the upcoming decades is the water crisis. The crisis in arid and semi-arid regions covering a large part of Iran would be much more severe. Thus, using novel methods of water collection such as construction of underground dam is so important. Decision making and selection of an appropriate option in construction of such dams is one basic challenge. The major issue in construction of such dams is selecting an appropriate location. Selecting the best location for building underground dams is a challenge due to involvement of a wide range of influential factors. In this paper, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques in fuzzy environment is applied to select the optimal alternative for construction of an underground dam in a case study. Results show that using AHP in the fuzzy environment improves decision making through considering more important factors in decision making.
Data Partitioning for Ensemble Model Building

In distributed ensemble model-building algorithms, the performance and statistical validity of models are dependent on sizes of the input data partitions as well as the distribution of records among the partitions. Failure to correctly select and pre-process the data often results in the models which are not stable and do not perform well. This article introduces an optimized approach to building the ensemble models for very large data sets in distributed map-reduce environments using Pass-Stream-Merge (PSM) algorithm. To ensure the model correctness the input data is randomly distributed using the facilities built into mapreduce frameworks.
Effects of Family History and Place and Season of Birth on the Risk of Schizophrenia

A BSTRACT Background Although a family history of schizophrenia is the best-established risk factor for schizophrenia, environmental factors such as the place and season of birth may also be important. Methods Using data from the Civil Registration System in Denmark, we established a populationbased cohort of 1.75 million persons whose mothers were Danish women born between 1935 and 1978. We linked this cohort to the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and identified 2669 cases of schizophrenia among cohort members and additional cases among their parents. Results The respective relative risks of schizophrenia for persons with a mother, father, or sibling who had schizophrenia were 9.31 (95 percent confidence interval, 7.24 to 11.96), 7.20 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.10 to 10.16), and 6.99 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.38 to 9.09), as compared with persons with no affected parents or siblings. The risk of schizophrenia was associated with the degree of urbanization of the place of birth (relative risk for the capital vs. rural areas, 2.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.13 to 2.70). The risk was also significantly associated with the season of birth; it was highest for births in February and March and lowest for births in August and September. The population attributable risk was 5.5 percent for a history of schizophrenia in a parent or sibling, 34.6 percent for urban place of birth, and 10.5 percent for the season of birth. Conclusions Although a history of schizophrenia in a parent or sibling is associated with the highest relative risk of having the disease, the place and season of birth account for many more cases on a population basis. (N Engl J Med 1999;340:603-8.)
Fan: compile-time metaprogramming for OCaml

This paper presents Fan, a general-purpose syntactic metaprogramming system for OCaml. Fan helps programmers create delimited, domain-specific languages (DDSLs) that generalize nested quasiquotation and can be used for a variety of metaprogramming tasks, including: automatically deriving “boilerplate” code, code instrumentation and inspection, and defining domain-specific languages. Fan provides a collection of composable DDSLs that support lexing, parsing, and transformation of abstract syntax. One key contribution is the design of Fan’s abstract syntax representation, which is defined using polymorphic variants. The availability of intersection and union types afforded by structural typing gives a simple, yet precise API for metaprogramming. The syntax representation covers all of OCaml’s features, permitting overloaded quasiquotation of all syntactic categories. The paper explains how Fan’s implementation itself uses metaprogramming extensively, yielding a robust and maintainable bootstrapping cycle.
Deformation patterns in thin films under uniform laser irradiation

The mechanical behavior of thin films subjected to laser irradiation is described by a dynamical model that is based on coupled evolution equations for the deformation and vacancy density fields. Lattice vacancies are generated in a thin layer as a result of shallow absorption of electromagnetic laser radiation. The strain field associated with lattice dilatation due to vacancies is shown to couple with bending and stretching mechanical deformation fields. The dynamical model developed here is an extension of the work of Emel'yanov in two respects: (1) the coupling between the diffusion and mechanical deformation fields is rigorously developed with additional cross-field contributions; (2) new equations for reduced dynamics are derived from this model, and are used to analyze the physical conditions for the onset of a deformational instability. For a given material, the threshold for this instability is correlated mainly with laser power. We also show that, although the instability threshold and critical wavelengths are given by the linear part of the dynamics, the selection and type of deformation patterns induced by this instability require a nonlinear formulation. Both numerical and analytical analysis are performed here. According to the relative importance of nonlinearities arising from the defect or from the bending dynamics, square or hexagonal planforms are shown to be selected. Furthermore, it appears that one-dimensional gratings are always unstable in isotropic systems. The results for square patterns are consistent with experimental observations, while those for hexagonal and one-dimensional gratings show the importance of anisotropies on their final selection.
Development of a Neutron Spectroscopic System Utilizing Compressed Sensing Measurements

A new approach to neutron detection capable of gathering spectroscopic information has been demonstrated. The approach relies on an asymmetrical arrangement of materials, geometry, and an ability to change the orientation of the detector with respect to the neutron field. Measurements are used to unfold the energy characteristics of the neutron field using a new theoretical framework of compressed sensing. Recent theoretical results show that the number of multiplexed samples can be lower than the full number of traditional samples while providing the ability to have some super-resolution. Furthermore, the solution approach does not require a priori information or inclusion of physics models. Utilizing the MCNP code, a number of candidate detector geometries and materials were modeled. Simulations were carried out for a number of neutron energies and distributions with preselected orientations for the detector. The resulting matrix (A ) consists of n rows associated with orientation and m columns associated with energy and distribution where n . The library of known responses is used for new measurements Y (n × 1) and the solver is able to determine the system, Y = A x where x is a sparse vector. Therefore, energy spectrum measurements are a combination of the energy distribution information of the identified elements of A . This approach allows for determination of neutron spectroscopic information using a single detector system with analog multiplexing. The analog multiplexing allows the use of a compressed sensing solution similar to approaches used in other areas of imaging. A single detector assembly provides improved flexibility and is expected to reduce uncertainty associated with current neutron spectroscopy measurement.
Effects of Biochar on the Abundance of Three Agriculturally Important Soil Bacteria

An in vitro study was conducted to make a comparative study of biochar and biomass on soil bacteria. The responses of three agriculturally important bacteria viz., Bradyrhizobium, Sulphate reducing and Iron oxidizing bacteria, were studied. Total viable counts were also made. Three different types of biomasses viz., rice husk, rice straw and saw dust, and biochars produced thereof were used for the study. The biomasses or biochars were applied to the soil at a rate of 5 t/ha. The study included seven different treatments of biomasses and corresponding biochars including a control. Total counts were made on the original materials as well as on the treated soils at 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation. Bacterial count was higher in all the biomass treated soils than the corresponding biochar treated ones including control. Although the presence of Bradyrhizobium, sulphate reducing and iron oxidizing bacteria were not noted in the fresh soils, their presence, however, was noted after incubation periods. The counts of all three bacteria are however lower in the biochar treated soils than the corresponding biomass treated soils. The paper discusses about the microbial soil health vis-a-vis biochar application, indicating that the materials exert negative effect on the soil microbial population and thereby likely to jeopardize soil health and crop production.
Comparison of the Bacterial Microbiota in a Bale of Collected Cardboard Determined by 454 Pyrosequencing and Clone Library

Biofouling, the accumulation of microorganisms, is a major problem in paper mills processing paper and cardboard. This leads to the production of lower quality recycled products. Several studies have focused on the microbial content in the paper mill and the final products. Our aim was to determine the microbial biota in a bale of collected cardboard prior to entering the paper mill. Total genomic DNA was isolated and analyzed using two different methods for comparison purposes: 454 pyrosequencing and clone library. A total of 3268 V6-V8 454 pyrosequencing reads and 322 cloned V6-V8 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences were obtained. Both methods showed the presence of three major bacterial genera: Bacillus, Solibacillus and Paenibacillus, all members of the spore-forming phylum Firmicutes. Pyrosequencing, however, revealed a richer and more diverse bacterial community than clone library. It showed the presence of additional minor Firmicute genera and of a small number of Proteobacteria. The sorting at the recycling plant, the storing, and the processing at the paper mill, the end uses, will all contribute to the bacterial microbiota present in a bale of collected cardboard as revealed here.
se of biogenic and abiotic elemental selenium nanospheres to sequester lemental mercury released from mercury contaminated museum specimens

Mercuric chloride solutions have historically been used as pesticides to prevent bacterial, fungal and insect degradation of herbarium specimens. The University of Manchester museum herbarium contains over a million specimens from numerous collections, many preserved using HgCl2 and its transformation to Hgv represents a health risk to herbarium staff. Elevated mercury concentrations in work areas (∼1.7 g m−3) are below advised safe levels (<25 g m−3) but up to 90 g m−3 mercury vapour was
Contamination without contact: An examination of intention-based contagion

Contagion refers to the belief that individuals or objects can acquire the essence of a particular source, such as a disgusting product or an immoral person, through physical contact. This paper documents beliefs in a "contact-free" form of contagion whereby an object is thought to inherit the essence of a person when it was designed, but never actually physically touched, by the individual. We refer to this phenomenon as contagion through creative intent or “intention-based contagion” and distinguish it from more traditional forms of contact-based contagion (Studies 1 and 2), as well as alternative mechanisms such as mere association (Studies 2 and 3a). We demonstrate that, like contact-based contagion, intention-based contagion results from beliefs in transferred essence (Study 1) and involves beliefs in transfer of actual properties (Study 4). However, unlike contact-based contagion, intention-based contagion does not appear to be as strongly related to the emotion of disgust (Study 1) and can influence evaluations in auditory as well as visual modalities (Studies 3a–3c).
Time-and-frequency-gated photon coincidence counting; a novel multidimensional spectroscopy tool

Coherent multidimensional optical spectroscopy is broadly applied across the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from NMR to UV. These techniques reveal the properties of matter through the correlation plots of signal fields generated in response to sequences of short pulses with variable delays. Here we discuss a new class of multidimensional techniques obtained by the time-and-frequency-resolved photon coincidence counting measurements of N photons, which constitute a 2 N dimensional spectrum. A compact description of these signals is developed based on time-ordered superoperators rather than the normally ordered ordinary operators used in Glauber's photon counting formalism. The independent control of the time and frequency gate parameters reveals fine details of matter dynamics not available otherwise. These signal are illustrated for application to an anharmonic oscillator model with fluctuating energy and anharmonicity.
Domain-invariant I-vector Feature Extraction for PLDA Speaker Verification

The performance of the current state-of-the-art i-vector based probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) speaker verification depends on large volumes of training data, ideally in the target domain. However, in real-world applications, it is often difficult to collect sufficient amount of target domain data for successful PLDA training. Thus, an adequate amount of domain mismatch compensated out-domain data must be used as the basis of PLDA training. In this paper, we introduce a domain-invariant i-vector extraction (DI-IVEC) approach to extract domain mismatch compensated out-domain i-vectors using limited in-domain (target) data for adaptation. In this method, in-domain prior information is utilised to remove the domain mismatch during the i-vector extraction stage. The proposed method provides at least 17.3% improvement in EER over an out-domain-only trained baseline when speaker labels are absent and a 27.2% improvement in EER when speaker labels are known. A further improvement is obtained when DI-IVEC approach is used in combination with a domain-invariant covariance normalization (DICN) approach. This combined approach is found to work well with reduced in-domain adaptation data, where only 1000 unlabelled i-vectors are required to perform better than a baseline in-domain PLDA approach.
www.econstor.eu A Canonical Model for Interactive Unawareness∗

Heifetz, Meier and Schipper (2005) introduced a generalized state-space model that allows for non-trivial unawareness among several individuals and strong properties of knowledge. We show that this generalized state-space model arises naturally if states consist of maximally consistent sets of formulas in an appropriate logical formulation. JEL-Classifications: C70, C72, D80, D82.
Optical and X-Ray Spectroscopy of 1E 0449.4–1823: Demise of the Original Type 2 QSO

New optical spectra of the original narrow-line quasar 1E 0449.4-1823 show that it now has broad emission lines of considerable strength, eliminating it as a "type 2 QSO" candidate. Although broad emission line components were probably weakly present in 1981 and 1984, they have certainly increased in strength and are accompanied by Balmer continuum emission that makes the spectrum bluer than it was previously. We suggest that the behavior of 1E 0449.4-1823 is the same as that of some Seyfert 1.8 and 1.9 galaxies, in which Goodrich attributed long-term variations of their broad Balmer lines to dynamical motions of obscuring material located in or around the broad-line region. The optical continuum and broad emission line regions of 1E 0449.4-1823 may still be partly covered in our line of sight, which would explain its large forbidden-line equivalent widths and flat αox relative to other low-redshift QSOs. Also present are apparent absorption features in the broad Balmer lines and in Mg II, which may be related to the past obscuration and current emergence of the broad-line region. However, it is difficult to distinguish absorption from broad emission line peaks that are displaced in velocity; we consider the latter a plausible competing interpretation of these peculiar line profiles. An ASCA X-ray spectrum of 1E 0449.4-1823 can be fitted with a power law of Γ=1.63+ 0.12−0.09, intrinsic NH < 9 × 1020 cm-2, and no Fe Kα line emission. Its 2-10 keV luminosity is 6.7 × 1044 ergs s-1. Thus, there is no evidence for Seyfert 2 properties in the X-ray emission from 1E 0449.4-1823, which resembles that of an ordinary QSO. With regard to the still hypothetical type 2 QSOs, we argue that there is little evidence for the existence of any among X-ray-selected samples.