Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the circulation of air observed in kundt’s tubes, and on some allied acoustical problems

Experimenters in acoustics have discovered more than one set of phenomena apparently depending for their explanation upon the existence of regular currents of air, resulting from vibratory motion, of which theory has as yet rendered no account. This is not, perhaps, a matter for surprise, when we consider that such currents, involving as they do circulation of the fluid, could not arise in the absence of friction, however great the extent of vibration. And even when we are prepared to include in our investigations the influence of friction, by which the motion of fluid in the neighbourhood of solid bodies may be greatly modified, we have no chance of reaching an explanation, if, as is usual, we limit ourselves to the supposition of infinitely small motion and neglect the squares and higher powers of the mathematical symbols by which it is expressed. In the present paper three problems of this kind are considered, two of which are illustrative of phenomena observed by Faraday. In these problems the fluid may be treated as incompressible. The more important of them relates to the currents generated over a vibrating plate, arranged as in Chladni’s experiments. It was discovered by Savart that very fine powder does not collect itself at the nodal lines as does sand in the production of Chladni’s figures, but gathers itself into a cloud, which, after hovering for a time, settles itself over the places of maximum vibration. This was traced by Faraday to the action of currents of air, rising from the plate at the places of maximum vibration, and falling back to it at the nodes. In a vacuum the phenomena observed by Savart do not take place, all kinds of powder collecting at the nodes. In the investigation of this, as of the other problems, the motion is supposed to take place in two dimensions.
Calibration of Poorly Identifiable Systems: Application to Activated Sludge Model

The calibration of wastewater treatment models suffers from various ill‐definition problems, one of them being the difficulty in the identifiability associated with Monod‐type equations. The present paper presents a methodology for the calibration of such systems that, although not solving the identifiability problem, aims at locating it and finding a trajectory for circumventing its limitations. The procedure is a combination of the classical error‐function minimization with Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo technique assists in the selection of the optimal ranges of the parameters, and the optimization method focuses on the derivation of the optimal values of the parameters. The structure of the algorithm is such that it can also be applied in an autocalibration mode. The procedure was tested with data deterministically generated by the same model, and was able to converge to the “true” parameter values, which had been established a priori. The methodology was also utilized for the calibration of.
Glutathione Is Required for the Early Alert Response and Subsequent Acclimation in Cadmium-Exposed Arabidopsis thaliana Plants

Pollution by cadmium (Cd) is a worldwide problem, posing risks to human health and impacting crop yield and quality. Cadmium-induced phytotoxicity arises from an imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in favour of the latter. The Cd-induced depletion of the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly contributes to this imbalance. Rather than being merely an adverse effect of Cd exposure, the rapid depletion of root GSH levels was proposed to serve as an alert response. This alarm phase is crucial for an optimal stress response, which defines acclimation later on. To obtain a better understanding on the importance of GSH in the course of these responses and how these are defined by the rapid GSH depletion, analyses were performed in the GSH-deficient cadmium-sensitive 2-1 (cad2-1) mutant. Cadmium-induced root and leaf responses related to oxidative challenge, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), GSH, ethylene, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were compared between wild-type (WT) and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Although the cad2-1 mutant has significantly lower GSH levels, root GSH depletion still occurred, suggesting that the chelating capacity of GSH is prioritised over its antioxidative function. We demonstrated that responses related to GSH metabolism and ACC production were accelerated in mutant roots and that stress persisted due to suboptimal acclimation. In general, the redox imbalance in cad2-1 mutant plants and the lack of proper transient ethylene signalling contributed to this suboptimal acclimation, resulting in a more pronounced Cd effect.
Computational Intelligence-Based Methodology for Antenna Development

The antenna design is a challenging task, which might be time-consuming using conventional computational methods that typically require high computational capability, due to the need for several sweeps and re-running processes. This work proposes an efficient and accurate computational intelligence-based methodology for the antenna design and optimization. The computational technical solution consists of a surrogate model application, composed of a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network with backpropagation for the regression process. Combined with the surrogate model, two multiobjective optimization meta-heuristic strategies, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), are used to overcome the mentioned issues from the traditional antenna design method. A study of case considering a dipole antenna for the 3.5 GHz 5G band is reported, as proof of the proposed methodology concept. Comparisons of antenna impedance matching obtained by the proposed methodology, numerical full-wave results from ANSYS HFSS and experimental result from the antenna prototype are performed for demonstrating its applicability and effectiveness for antenna development.
Distributed Few-Shot Learning for Intelligent Recognition of Communication Jamming

Effective recognition of communication jamming is of vital importance in improving wireless communication system’s anti-jamming capability. Motivated by the major challenges that the jamming data sets in wireless communication system are often small and the recognition performance may be poor, we introduce a novel jamming recognition method based on distributed few-shot learning in this paper. Our proposed method employs a distributed recognition architecture to achieve the global optimization of multiple sub-networks by federated learning. It also introduces a dense block structure in the sub-network structure to improve network information flow by the feature multiplexing and configuration bypass to improve resistance to over-fitting. Our key idea is to first obtain the time-frequency diagram, fractional Fourier transform and constellation diagram of the communication jamming signal as the model-agnostic meta-learning network input, and then train the distributed network through federated learning for jamming recognition. Simulation results show that our proposed method leads to excellent recognition performance with a small data set.
Optimal multiobjective design of robust power system stabilizers using genetic algorithms

Optimal multiobjective design of robust multimachine power system stabilizers (PSSs) using genetic algorithms is presented in this paper. A conventional speed-based lead-lag PSS is used in this work. The multimachine power system operating at various loading conditions and system configurations is treated as a finite set of plants. The stabilizers are tuned to simultaneously shift the lightly damped and undamped electromechanical modes of all plants to a prescribed zone in the s-plane. A multiobjective problem is formulated to optimize a composite set of objective functions comprising the damping factor, and the damping ratio of the lightly damped electromechanical modes. The problem of robustly selecting the parameters of the power system stabilizers is converted to an optimization problem which is solved by a genetic algorithm with the eigenvalue-based multiobjective function. The effectiveness of the suggested technique in damping local and interarea modes of oscillations in multimachine power systems, over a wide range of loading conditions and system configurations, is confirmed through eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation results.
Augmenting the training space of an epidural needle insertion simulator with HoloLens

ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to explore the potential of the Optical See-Through Augmented Reality (OST-AR) in the training of median and paramedian epidural anaesthesia administration. To this end, we propose EpiduralLens, an epidural needle insertion simulator that augments the training space by resorting to a dummy, a HoloLens, an AR target, 3D sound feedback, and voice commands. The proposed system projects relevant 3D anatomical information and visual guides that are placed on and around the dummy, which are complemented with aural feedback that guides the instruction process. EpiduralLens was evaluated by 6 anaesthesiologists. The results of the formal evaluation sessions indicate that our prototype had high acceptability by the experts, verifying that combining an aural interface with 3D visual interface is a useful way to aid immersion and improve the learnability of trainees. Moreover, the participants showed interest in using the application in future sessions as a training aid for median and paramedian epidural anaesthesia administration.
Place of Residence and Cognitive Function in Older Adults in China: The Mediating Role of Social Participation

Background: Cognitive impairment is a severe health problem faced by older adults and their families, as well as the countries in which they live. Differences in place of residence may contribute to differences in the cognitive function of older adults, and the mediating effect of social participation has rarely been studied in China. Methods: A total of 10,014 older adult participants were included, using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Place of residence was described as either a city, town, or rural area. The frequency of participation in organized social activities and visits and interactions with friends was used to assess both formal and informal social participation. The Chinese version of a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used as a measure of cognitive function. The mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ process version 3.4 on SPSS (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Place of residence had a negative effect on cognitive function in older adults. The mediating functions of both informal (a1b1 = 0.199) and formal (a2b2 = −0.056) social participation indicate a suppression effect on the part of informal social participation and a partial mediation effect on the part of formal social participation in terms of the association between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults. Promoting both informal and formal social participation seems to be an important strategy for preventing a decline in the cognitive function of older adults, especially for those living in rural areas.
Directional ocean wave spectra using buoy azimuth, pitch, and roll derived from magnetic field components

Buoy azimuth, pitch, and roll, when used with measurements of buoy vertical acceleration, can provide directional wave spectra. Earlier work, which considered effects of buoy hull magnetism, showed that azimuth can be determined from magnetic field measurements (K.E. Steele and J.C. Lau, 1986). This work is extended to show that buoy pitch and roll, and thus buoy slopes, can also be determined from the same measurements. These slopes can be determined from measurements of the magnetic field components inside the hull along two orthogonal axes parallel to the deck of a buoy. Algorithms are developed for estimation of azimuth, pitch, and roll angles using these measurements. The algorithms account for residual and induced hull magnetism. Azimuth, pitch, roll, and estimates of directional wave spectra are determined both from the magnetic field measurements and from a conventional wave measurement system on the same buoy. Comparisons show that estimates of directional spectra based on magnetometer-derived pitch and roll agree well. >
Suborbital rockets in safety & defense applications

This paper presents benefits from using suborbital rockets in safety & defense applications. The paper describes suborbital rockets and their contribution to modern science, research and technology development. A historical view of suborbital rockets and their applications in safety & defense roles is discussed. Chosen research & development activities, military exercises and air defense systems’ tests performed using suborbital rockets in various countries are listed and described based on a literature review of publicly available sources. The paper presents capabilities of Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation in the field of suborbital rockets. A development of ILR-33 AMBER 2K rocket reaching flight speeds over Mach 4 and optimized to reach 100 km altitude is described with comment regarding its applicability in safety & defense applications supported by flight simulations.
IN-PLACE VOIDS MONITORING OF HOT MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENTS

In 1995, the Colorado Department of Transportation implemented the Superpave gyratory mix design to select the optimum asphalt content of a mixture. The optimum asphalt content was not the same as what the department had historically used. The purpose of this study was to gather data to validate the number of gyrations that should be used with the Superpave mix design. Based on the data gathered from the 25 evaluation sections, the optimal number of design gyrations for the Field Mixed/Lab Compacted material is too high. Mixes appear to be too stiff for the traffic and environmental conditions. Based on the results from this study, two options are recommended to improve design mixes for Colorado's traffic and environmental conditions: (1) Lower the number of gyrations; and (2) Adjust the target mix design air void content. Additional research is recommended to track the adjustments that are made to ensure the desired outcome is achieved.
Predictors of fatigue self-management behaviors in adults with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Fatigue self-management behaviors may be effective in reducing the impact of fatigue in people with MS. However, few studies have examined the factors that influence engagement in fatigue self-management behaviors. OBJECTIVE Identify factors that directly and indirectly influence fatigue self-management behaviors. METHODS Participants with MS (n = 300) completed online questionnaires at baseline and 6-weeks. Using the Self- and Family Management Framework, we examined the influence of health status, resources and environment, healthcare utilization, and self-management processes on fatigue self-management behaviors at 6-weeks. Multiple regression and path analyses were conducted. RESULTS The final regression model variables accounted for 41.58% of the variance in fatigue self-management behavior, which included outcome expectation (β= 0.287), disability (β= 0.265), environmental barriers (β= 0.188), self-efficacy (β= 0.153), symptom severity (β= 0.113), living in a rural community (β= -0.108), and living alone (β= 0.103). Path analysis indicated that outcome expectations may mediate the relationship between disability levels and fatigue self-management behavior. CONCLUSIONS Health status (i.e., disability and symptom severity), environmental factors (e.g., living situation), and self-management processes (i.e., self-efficacy and outcome expectations) may play an important role in influencing engagement in fatigue self-management behaviors.
Accounting for a nonlinear functional response when estimating prey dynamics using predator diet data

Forage fish species are key in the transfer of energy from lower to upper trophic levels in marine ecosystems. Therefore, understanding their population dynamics, including population levels, is crucial for understanding productivity and the regulation of marine food webs. However, many forage fishes are poorly sampled by bottom trawl surveys, leading to poor estimates of their abundance. These estimates can be improved by using predator stomachs contents as an additional sampling strategy; however, nonlinear relationships between prey abundance and predator consumption (i.e. the functional response) may bias stomachs data as well. Using predator stomachs contents and bottom trawl survey data, this study aimed to minimize this bias by developing a model to estimate prey dynamics and account for the predator functional response. This model was tested using a series of simulations and applied to a case study of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius on the Grand Bank, Newfoundland, Canada. The simulations revealed that when predators consumed prey following a nonlinear functional response, our model outperformed a classical model (the model adopted by most studies) that assumed a linear functional response. In the case study, we estimated the relative abundance of sand lance from 1995 to 2018, which exhibited oscillatory dynamics with a period of approximately 7 years. Our results demonstrate that our model is capable of more accurately estimating the abundance of data‐limited prey populations, which contributes to a better understanding of food web dynamics.
LEXICAL RICHNESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY IN TEACHER TRAINING EXPLORATORY STUDY

Teaching a foreign language requires a holistic approach that involves teaching the instrumental language, its literature and its culture. Besides, it is important to highlight the role of education and values when it comes to teach English as a foreign language. During the second decade of the 21st century many natural disasters have taken place worldwide and teachers should be prepared to deal with them in the English classroom. This preparedness involves scientific knowledge together with linguistic knowledge. This exploratory study has the objective to set a first approach to the preparedness of pre-service teachers to deal with the aforementioned issues through the analysis of the lexical richness of the texts they have written on environmental issues and natural disasters. The limitations of the study are bounded to the low number of samples, but it allows to explore new ways of improving language skills and environment literacy in pre-service teachers which might help to provide future citizens with commitment on environmental issues.
Transverse Vibration Characteristics and Stability of a Moving Membrane with Elastic Supports

The transverse vibration characteristics and stability of a moving membrane with several intermediate elastic supports are investigated considering the translating speed. The motion equations of the vibration system are derived according to the membrane vibration theory and the D'Alembert principle. The constraint of the middle printing roller to the membrane is used as the intermediate support which is replaced by the constraint force. And the vibration characteristic equation is established by using Laplace transformation method and the numerical calculation method. Finally, the relationships between the natural frequency of the moving membrane and the translating speed, tension, supporting position and rigidity modulus are analyzed respectively, and the critical speed when the membrane is in a stable state is obtained. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis and effective approaches for improving the work stability of the printing press.
Planar high gain antenna for 42.0 GHz Q‐LINK PAN system

A high gain planar array antenna is reported in this article for recently proposed 42 GHz Q‐LINK PAN wireless communication system. The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique is deployed for the antenna array. Three types of power divider are used in the design to achieve a 30‐dB Taylor aperture distribution. Longitudinal slots etched on the broad surface of SIW are studied with an equivalent circuit. A high gain prototype which used 16 × 16 slots is designed with a center operation frequency of 42.5 GHz. For the measurement, a traditional rectangular waveguide to SIW transition is designed to feed the prototype. The low‐cost printed‐circuit‐board technology is used to fabricate the designed prototype, and the antenna is measured in a millimeter‐wave anechoic chamber. The measurement results show that the prototype can be operated from 41.5 to 43.7 GHz with a return loss larger than 10 dB. It has a maxim gain of 27.0 dB at 42.3 GHz. Low sidelobes of 26.3 and 17.3 dB are obtained for 42.5 GHz E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patters, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2098–2103, 2014
Endovascular recanalization for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting longer than 72 h: Experience in a single center

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting longer than 72 h. METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic occlusion of the anterior circulation and failure of medical therapy underwent endovascular recanalization and were included in this retrospective study. Patient characteristics, atherosclerotic risk factors, successful recanalization rates, and angiographic data were collected. RESULTS: Recanalization was successful in 37 cases (94.9%). The average residual stenosis immediately after intervention was 11.6 ± 4.3%. The patients who underwent balloon angioplasty alone had similar residual stenosis to those who also underwent stent placement (15.6 ± 7.3% vs. 9.0 ± 6.4%, P = 0.184). Intra- and perioperative complications occurred in three cases (7.69%). One patient (2.7%) developed severe in-stent restenosis with transient ischemic attack symptoms at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular recanalization is feasible for symptomatic occlusion of the anterior circulation lasting longer than 72 h. Recanalization provides a higher success rate when performed within 6 months of the qualifying event.