Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficiencies of Competency Based Education and Training in Higher Education Institutions in Kenya

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018. 6.7. 13 Abstract: Competency Based Education and Training (CBET) is a poorly understood concept in Kenya‘s institutions of higher education. The matter is one of serious concern since a fast-emerging trend in global academic circles is the implementation of this curriculum platform. The basic education sector of Kenya had CBET launched in Grades One, Two, and Three in 2018. The activity signified the change from the outgoing 8-4-4 setup to the new 2-6-3-3 system of education. Despite the landmark event there appears to be minimal endeavors towards adopting CBET in universities in Kenya. A summary of CBET‘s development and spread was provided. An investigation pertaining to generic attributes of the educational platform was among objectives of a tracer study which focused on the University of Nairobi‘s alumni of the 2007 to 2011 period who underwent the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering curriculum. Using a case study design a sample of 265 respondents was accessed from a population of 417 graduates. Purposely sampled employers were also involved. Those targeted were 30 and of these 28 actively participated in the study. In addition 5 out of 48 academic and technical staff of Electrical and Information Engineering Department answered questionnaires. Questionnaires were self-administered to the respondents at their place of work. For respondents who were distantly placed, questionnaires were emailed followed with telephone discussions. Alumni showed an unsatisfactory comprehension of CBET in core aspects of engineering. They, however, indicated awareness of generic attributes essential for job performance. The challenge was a knowledge and skills deficiency in these since most of the attributes were excluded from the curriculum. A major significance of the study was therefore the need for a CBET policy at the University. This will improve graduates‘ employability and also as a preparation for the onset of the new education framework in higher institutions of learning.
Occupancy versus colonization–extinction models for projecting population trends at different spatial scales

Abstract Understanding spatiotemporal population trends and their drivers is a key aim in population ecology. We further need to be able to predict how the dynamics and sizes of populations are affected in the long term by changing landscapes and climate. However, predictions of future population trends are sensitive to a range of modeling assumptions. Deadwood‐dependent fungi are an excellent system for testing the performance of different predictive models of sessile species as these species have different rarity and spatial population dynamics, the populations are structured at different spatial scales, and they utilize distinct substrates. We tested how the projected large‐scale occupancies of species with differing landscape‐scale occupancies are affected over the coming century by different modeling assumptions. We compared projections based on occupancy models against colonization–extinction models, conducting the modeling at alternative spatial scales and using fine‐ or coarse‐resolution deadwood data. We also tested effects of key explanatory variables on species occurrence and colonization–extinction dynamics. The hierarchical Bayesian models applied were fitted to an extensive repeated survey of deadwood and fungi at 174 patches. We projected higher occurrence probabilities and more positive trends using the occupancy models compared to the colonization–extinction models, with greater difference for the species with lower occupancy, colonization rate, and colonization:extinction ratio than for the species with higher estimates of these statistics. The magnitude of future increase in occupancy depended strongly on the spatial modeling scale and resource resolution. We encourage using colonization–extinction models over occupancy models, modeling the process at the finest resource‐unit resolution that is utilizable by the species, and conducting projections for the same spatial scale and resource resolution at which the model fitting is conducted. Further, the models applied should include key variables driving the metapopulation dynamics, such as the availability of suitable resource units, habitat quality, and spatial connectivity.
Nutraceuticals Are For Healthy Life

Nutraceuticals are merged from two words i.e., nutrition and pharmaceutical in which nutrition means a nourishing food component like vitamins, minerals, fibres, fats, carbohydrates etc which are essentials for maintaining human health and pharmaceutical means a medical drug. Nutraceuticals known as the food component or dietary supplement which provide the nourishment to human health and give the beneficial effects on various pathological diseases such as CVD (Cardiovascular disease), cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders. This review shades light on the antioxidants present in plants, uses of those plants in preventing from different disease and products available in market. This review also contained the marketed growth of nutraceuticals globally and Indian nutraceutical market growth. Antioxidants are the agents which prevent or delaying the oxidation of oxidizable substrate. The Indian and global nutraceutical market are growing day-by-day because peoples nowadays needs good health and they are well aware for consuming nutraceuticals like health drinks, sports drinks, probiotics, prebiotics drinks etc to maintain the good health and prevent form diseases without taking allopathic medicines.
Person-Oriented Research Ethics and Dementia:The Lack of Consensus

Research ethics extends beyond obtaining initial approval from research ethics boards. The previously established person-oriented research ethics framework provides guidelines for understanding ongoing ethics throughout the tasks of a research project, in a variety of research contexts. It focuses primarily on the relational and experiential aspects of research ethics, organized around five guideposts: (1) focus on researcher-participant relationships; (2) respect for holistic personhood; (3) acknowledgment of lived world; (4) individualization; and (5) empowerment in decision-making. Given the widespread impact of dementia and the ethical challenges dementia research presents, conducting meaningful, ethical research is of high importance. This review explores this person-oriented framework in the context of dementia by examining existing literature on ethics practices in dementia research. We use a critical interpretive literature review to examine publications from 2013 to 2017 for content related to the five guideposts of person-oriented research ethics. While there is much literature addressing the relational and experiential aspects of research ethics, there is a lack of unanimous conclusions and concrete suggestions for implementation. We compiled practical recommendations from the literature, highlighting tensions and suggesting furthering evidence-based ethics research fieldwork to construct an accessible, easy-to-use set of guidelines for researchers that will assist in putting person-oriented research ethics into practice in dementia research.
Dynamic Performance Analysis of High-Frequency Signal Injection Based Sensorless Methods for Application in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on three commonly used sensorless methods based on highfrequency signal injection; namely, the rotating sinusoidal injection in the stationary reference frame, the pulsating sinusoidal injection in the estimated synchronous reference frame, and the pulsating square wave injection in the estimated synchronous reference frame. These methods have found applications in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) sensorless drives. Some efforts have been performed to compare such high frequency signal injection-based methods from the viewpoint of some parameters such as injection frequency, voltage magnitude, etc. However, the evaluation of their dynamic seems to await further investigation and evaluation. Hence, some of the motor parameters such as pole number, machine saliency ratio, that affect the performance of the saliency-based sensorless methods are evaluated in this paper. Moreover, some such other parameters in driver circuit such as current measurement noise, the effect of time delay on demodulation, and load disturbance effect are also explored. The maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy is employed to improve motor driven torque and overcome the load torque by using reluctance torque component. Finally, simulation and experimental results are used to investigate the effects of the above parameters on the performance of high-frequency signal injection based sensorless methods. Review History:
The use of indigenous games in the teaching and learning of Mathematics

Indigenous games play an important role in various communities. Despite research indicating that these games can be used to advance and create a connection between classroom activities and the real life contexts, the connection has not been explored adequately to make this a reality in many mathematics classrooms. This Article reports on the various indigenous games that are a feature in South Africa as well as the Southern Africa region. The Article identifies a number of indigenous games that are popular in South Africa and how such games have been used to promote cultural heritage. This article also discusses examples of the use of such games in the process of teaching and learning of mathematics in schools.
The Role of Home Background on Academic Achievement at Grade Seven Level in Mount Darwin Schools in Mashonaland Central Province of Zimbabwe

The aim of this present study was to examine the relationship between home background and academic achievement of Grade seven pupils in Mount Darwin District in northern Zimbabwe. The quantitative methodology was used and a population of all the Grade seven teachers in the district. A sample of 100 teachers randomly selected was used. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire. The study revealed that the majority of the children came from economically sound home backgrounds with parents who had high levels of literacy. The parents were also able to provide educational and material support to their children and thus the children performed very well. The study recommends that parents should be more involved in the education of their children.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Selenium Regenerative Effect on Submandibular and Sublingual Glands of Aging Rats

Background: The role of Selenium as an antioxidant has become a point of interest for its importance in prevention of cancer and other systemic diseases especially those associated with aging.Objectives: The aim of the present investigation was to investigate the effect of Selenium supplementation on the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of aging rats through:1- Histological examination. 2- Immunohistochemical localization of Ki67.Materials and Methods: Thirty young adult male albino rats with body weight ranged from 80-110 gram and of 2 month age were used and divided into the following groups. Group I (control group): Consisted of 20 rats, subdivided into 2 subgroups. Group I.1:10 animals were sacrificed after one month to serve as young controls. Group I.2:10 animals were left till the end of the experiment to serve as old controls. Group II: 10 animals received Selenium 150 µg/kg diet for the whole experimental period. The experiment lasted for 9 months.Results: histological results revealed that aging caused devastating effects on the histological structure of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Selenium markedly modulated the action of aging process and increased the regenerative capacity of submandibular and sublingual glands. According to expression intensity of Ki67 stain in submandibular and sublingual glands, there was statistically significant difference between young, selenium and old groups. In general, expression intensity of Ki67 stain was the highest in the young control group followed by selenium group and lowest in old control group. Also, ki67 expression was significantly higher in sublingual than submandibular glands. Conclusions: Selenium was documented to have a powerful and beneficial antiaging effect. This faced lights around the promising role of selenium in the new era of regenerative medicine. Sublingual gland was more resistant to regressive changes of aging than submandibular gland.
Earnings management in enterprise – Methodological measurement proposal

The company's financial result is a very complex economic and social category. It has various types, it is shaped by the diversified objectives of its creation and redistribution, multifarious conditions for the implementation of these objectives and inconclusive competences of the management. Its size is reflected in many documents of the company's financial statements – the value of net profit (loss) is therefore shown in the form of a specified increase in the value of total assets of an enterprise included in the balance sheet or as a separate category presented in the profit and loss account, cash flow statement and comprehensive income statement. All the financial result categories listed in mentioned documents have a different character, due to the manner of their presentation, usefulness and purpose. Since the entering into contracts between an economic entity and its stakeholders is largely based on the analysis of economic data contained in the entity's financial statements, among managers there may be a special temptation to intentional “retouching” of the company's performance2. As the literature on the subject indicates, the area particularly exposed to this type of practice is the sphere of net financial result. It can be assumed that the indicated phenomenon, known as earnings management consists of two processes, namely: accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management. The first of them, with a strictly reporting dimension, can be equated with all accounting measures and activities aimed at achieving various goals of selected groups of company's stakeholders [see inter alia: Piosik 2016, pp. 22-40; Shi, Zhang 2011, pp. 814-815; Roonen, Yaari 2008]. In turn, the second one, more substantive in nature, can be attributed to the operational effects of the company's
A Survey On U-Slot Microstrip Antenna Based On Resonant Frequency

The objective of this paper is Implementation of a microstrip U-slot antenna based on the resonant frequency with High-Frequency Structure Stimulator. In our method, we design an antenna with a range of 1.157GHz, and we improve the gain by placing an array of the antenna. Here rectangular patch antenna is designed FR4 Glass Epoxy Substrate with a dielectric constant of r as 4.4 and a loss tangent, which is equal to 0.02, and copper is used as conducting material. This U-slot microstrip patch antenna is excited with transmission cables of respective length and width. The measurements of the gain, directivity, and efficiency of the developed microstrip patch antenna are derived from High-Frequency Structure Stimulator. There is a relation between the resonant frequency and obtained gain. If the frequency is increased, the gain is maximum. But in the proposed method, the maximum gain is derived from low frequency. The size of the antenna is proportional to frequency, gain, and bandwidth. The U-slot microstrip antenna is built with many constraints to get productive output. It is established that that two slots in U should be kept closed in a distinct patch to produce a wideband process. The u-slot microstrip antenna is made to increase the bandwidth and frequency, and it is proved. The software used here is High-Frequency Structure Stimulator and applied in a wireless local area network. It operates with high bandwidth since the structure of the antenna is too small because of its dielectric constant. It gives a maximum gain with a frequency range of above five GHz.
Dynamics of primary productivity in the northeastern Bay of Bengal over the last 26 000 years

Abstract. At present, variations of primary productivity (PP) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are driven by salinity-related stratification, which is controlled by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The relationships between PP, precipitation, and more generally climate in the past are not clearly understood. Here, we present a new record of PP based on the examination of coccolithophore assemblages in a 26 000-year sedimentary series retrieved in the northeastern BoB (core MD77-176). We compare our PP records to published climate and monsoon records, as well as outputs from numerical experiments obtained with the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A-LR, including the marine biogeochemical component PISCES, and with the transient climate simulation TraCE-21. Our results show that PP was most probably controlled by nutrient contents and distribution within the upper water column, which were predominantly influenced by (i) regional river systems between 26 and 19 ka, i.e. when sea level was relatively low and climate was relatively dry, and (ii) salinity-related stratification over the last 19 kyr, i.e. when sea level rose and more humid conditions prevailed. During that period, salinity and stratification were directly related to monsoon precipitation dynamics, which were chiefly forced by both insolation and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength. During Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas, i.e. when the AMOC collapsed, weaker South Asian precipitation diminished stratification and enhanced PP. During Bølling–Allerød, i.e. when the AMOC recovered, stronger South Asian precipitation increased stratification and subdued PP. Similarly, the precipitation peak recorded around the middle–early Holocene is consistent with a stronger stratification that drives PP minima.
Tracking Separate Contributions of Diesel and Gasoline Vehicles to Roadside PM2.5 Through Online Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds, PM2.5 Organic and Elemental Carbon: A Six-Year Study in Hong Kong

Vehicular emissions contribute a significant portion to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in urban areas. Knowledge of the relative contribution of gasolineversus diesel-powered vehicles is highly relevant for policymaking, and yet there is a lack of an effective observationbased method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a period of years. In this work, we present an approach to track separate contributions of gasoline and diesel vehicles through the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of online monitoring data measurable by relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C2– C9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc.), and nitrogen oxide concentrations. The method was applied to monitoring data spanning more than 6 years between 2011 and 2017 in a roadside environment in Hong Kong. We found that diesel vehicles accounted for ∼ 70 %–90 % of the vehicular PM2.5 (PMvehicle) over the years and the remainder from gasoline vehicles. The diesel PMvehicle during truckand bus-dominated periods showed declining trends simultaneous with control efforts targeted at diesel commercial vehicles and franchised buses in the intervening period. The combined PMvehicle from diesel and gasoline vehicles by PMF agrees well with an independent estimate by the EC-tracer method, both confirming PMvehicle contributed significantly to the PM2.5 in this urban environment (∼ 4–8 μg m−3, representing 30 %–60 % in summer and 10 %–20 % in winter). Our work shows that the longterm monitoring of roadside VOCs and PM2.5 OC and EC is effective for tracking gaseous and PM pollutants from different vehicle categories. This work also demonstrates the value of an evidence-based approach in support of effective control policy formulation.
ON THE RATE OF CONVERGENCE OF VISCOSITY IMPLICIT ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS

An essential numerical method for solving ordinary differential and differential algebraic equations is the implicit midpoint rule. Comparing the rate of convergence of the implicit midpoint rules by using numerical examples is common in the literatures. Under suitable conditions imposed on the control parameters, it is shown in this paper that certain two implicit iterative sequences converge to the same fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping in uniformly smooth Banach spaces. Moreover, analytical comparison for the rate of convergence of the implicit iterative sequences to a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping in uniformly smooth Banach spaces is presented. The implicit iterative sequence which converges faster is determined by an analytical method which is more general than the numerical methods.
Cadmium separation in human biological samples based on captopril-ionic liquid paste on graphite rod before determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A mixture of captopril nanoparticles (CAP-NPs) and ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM] [PF6]) paste on micro graphite rod (CAP-IL-MGR) and was used for separation cadmium in human serum and urine samples by micro solid phase extraction (μ-SPE). 0.01 g of CAP-NPs and 0.1 g of [HMIM] [PF6] mixed with 1 mL of acetone and mixture passed physically on micro graphite rod (MGR) at 55oC. Then, the graphite probe placed on 10 mL of human biological samples with 5 min of sonication, then cadmium ions complexed by thiol group of captopril (CAP-SH) at pH=5.5. The cadmium ions on micro probe were back extracted with 0.25 mL of nitric acid (0.5 M) which was diluted with DW up to 0.5 mL and finally, the cadmium concentration determined by ET-AAS. By optimizing of amount of captopril, the absorption capacity and recovery were obtained 132.4 mg g-1 and more than 96%, respectively.
Superconducting Qubits Based on Semiconductor Two Dimensional Electron Gases and Selective Area Grown Nanowires

Superconducting qubits based on voltage tuneable superconductor-semiconductor Josephson junctions called gatemons could be used to realize a universal quantum computer. Before this can be realized, two challenges must be overcome; the coherence times of the qubits must be longer, and fabrication must be deterministic. This thesis presents the nanofabrication and characterization of two gatemon qubit devices based on different materials. In one the Josephson junction is based on a proximitized two dimensional electron gas. The other device is based on nanowires grown directly on the substrate using selective area growth. The lifetimes and coherence times for these devices are extracted, finding T1 = 2. 77μs and T2∗ = 359ns for the first device and T1 = 180ns for the second device with the coherence time being too short to measure.