Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
nfluence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on umen fermentation , feeding behavior and performance of actating dairy cows

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of Next Enhance® 300 (NE300; cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil encapsulated product) on rumen fermentation and milk production of dairy cows. In experiment 1, batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of increasing concentrations of NE300 (0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) on ruminal fermentation in 24 h in vitro incubations. All tested doses decreased (P < 0.05) methane production, but the dose of 400 mg/L also reduced the production of volatile fatty acid (VFA). The addition of NE300 at 300 mg/L produced the most beneficial effects, reducing methane production, acetate proportion, and ammonia-N concentration, and increasing propionate proportion compared with CON, without affecting total VFA production. These results would indicate a potentially greater supply of energy for the host animal. In experiment 2, sixteen lactating dairy cows (8 rumen-cannulated) participated in a switch-back design with three 4-wk periods and 2 treatments: control (CON, unsupplemented) and NE300 (300 mg NE300/cow/d). Milk yield response was affected by a 3-way interaction among treatment, parity, and days on treatment; after 15 d on treatment, multiparous cows on NE300 produced more milk (approximately additional 3 kg/d) than multiparous cows on CON. Total rumen VFA concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in NE300 than in CON when rumen fermentation kinetics were evaluated at the end of each period (day 28). It is concluded that NE300 modifies ruminal fermentation resulting in increased milk yield in multiparous lactating dairy cows after 15 d of adaptation. Abbreviations: ADFom, acid detergent fiber; AFOM, amount of organic matter apparently fermented; AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists; CRM, batch cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms; BW, body weight; CIN, cinnamaldehyde; CON, control; CP, crude protein; DIM, days in milk; DM, ry matter; DMI, dry matter intake; EO, essential oils; GAR, garlic oil; MUN, milk urea nitrogen; aNDFom, neutral detergent fiber; NE300, Next Enhance® 00; SCC, somatic cell counts; SD, standard deviation; TMR, total mixed ration; VFA, volatile fatty acids.
Hyper-Erlang Battery-Life Energy Scheme in IEEE 802.16e Networks

IEEE 802.16e networks is one of the broadband wireless technologies that support multimedia services while users are in mobility. Although these users use devices that have limited battery capacity, several energy schemes were proposed to improve the battery-life. However, these schemes inappropriately capture the traffic characteristics, which lead to waste of energy and high response delay. In this paper, a Hyper-Erlang Battery-Life Energy Scheme (HBLES) is proposed to enhance energy efficiency and reduce the delay. The scheme analytically modifies idle threshold, initial sleep window and final sleep window based on the remaining battery power and the traffic pattern. It also employs a Hyper-Erlang distribution to determine the real traffic characteristics. Several simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the HBLES scheme and the compared scheme. The results show that the HBLES scheme out performs the existing scheme in terms of energy consumption and response delay.
Combinatorial Reconfiguration

Reconfiguration is the study of relationships among solutions to an instance of a problem, and in particular the step-by-step transformation from one solution into another such that the intermediate result of each step is also a solution. As a concrete example of a reconfiguration problem, we consider the assignment of customers to power stations such that each customer obtains as much power as is required without exceeding the capacity of what each station can produce. Each such assignment can be viewed as a solution. When a station needs to be repaired, it may be necessary to change to another assignment, moving a single customer at each step in order to minimize disruptions. Commonly-asked questions in the area of reconfiguration include both structural questions concerning the solution space and algorithmic questions about the complexity of solving various related problems. For any combinatorial problem, there are multiple ways of defining the solution space, and for each such definition, there are a variety of related problems. A reconfiguration graph for an instance of a problem can be defined as a set of nodes, one for each solution to the problem (where there may be constraints with respect to solution size), and a set of edges, where there is an edge between any two nodes that are adjacent (for some definition of adjacency). The definition of adjacency gives rise to the notion of a reconfiguration step, an operation by which a solution is transformed into an adjacent solution. The sequence of solutions traversed in a sequence of reconfiguration steps, or equivalently, a path in the reconfiguration graph through the nodes associated with those solutions, is called a reconfiguration sequence. Typical questions that arise include the following:
Code Patterns of Cross Site Scripting in PHP Open Source Projects

To get a better understanding of Cross Site Scripting vulnerabilities, we investigated 50 randomly selected CVE reports which are related to open source projects. The vulnerable and patched source code was manually reviewed to find out what kind of source code patterns were used. Source code pattern categories were found for sources, concatenations, sinks, HTML context and fixes. Our resulting categories are compared to categories from CWE. A source code sample which might have led developers to believe that the data was already sanitized is described in detail. For the different HTML context categories, the necessary Cross Site Scripting prevention mechanisms are described.
Ngram-based SMT System for IWSLT 2006

This paper describes TALPtuples, the 2006 Ngrambased statistical machine translation system developed at the TALP Research Center of the UPC (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) in Barcelona. Emphasis is put on improvements and extensions of the system of previous years, being highlighted and empirically compared. Mainly, these include a novel and much more efficient word ordering strategy based on reordering patterns, a linguistically-guided tuple segmentation criterion and improved optimization procedures. The paper provides details of this system participation in the third International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) held in Kyoto, Japan in November 2006. Results on four translation directions are reported, namely from Arabic, Chinese, Italian and Japanese into English for the open data track, thoroughly explaining all language-related preprocessing and optimization schemes.
The Earning Forecast Bias : a Comparative Analysis on US and EUROZONE Stock Markets

We perform a comparative analysis of the earning forecast bias for two homogeneous samples of US and European stocks. Our findings show that the bias of the European stocks is significantly higher in absolute value for almost any year and distance from the release date, even though US stocks are significantly more optimistically valued between 1997 and 1999. The cross-sectional dispersion of estimates is also lower in the US. We find evidence of convergence in both markets with the bias becoming progressively lower across years. Firm size, number and standard deviation of forecasts are also found to affect significantly the bias in the same direction in both markets.
Efficient subspace based techniques for processing single channel electroencephalogram signals

In recent years, the use of portable/wearable EEG systems in health care applications has been increased due its low-power consumption, easy to operate and minimum instrumentation complexity, and reduces the cumbersome to the subject under test. In general, the EEG signals often measured in ambulatory situations, hence, they were contaminated by several artifacts. The presence of these artifacts will degrade the performance of EEG based detection systems. Since the portable EEG devices comprise single or few (at most four) EEG channels, traditional artifact removal techniques, such as blind source separation (BSS), cannot be applied to remove these artifacts. Hence, in this thesis, various subspace based artifact removal techniques for single channel EEG signals were proposed. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is a subspace based technique used in this thesis to remove artifacts from single channel EEG signals. Using the frame work of SSA, first, we proposed new grouping criteria to identify the desired signal (EEG signal) subspace. In this criterion, the local mobility of the eigenvectors is considered and employed for removing the motion artifacts from single channel EEG signals. In addition, SSA is combined with ANC to remove the eye blink artifact in EEG epochs recorded for BCI application. In general, the measured EEG signal is a mixer of statistically independent source signals. As SSA uses second order statistics (SOS) of the data, the extracted sources are not statistically uncorrelated. Independent component analysis (ICA) is widely used as BSS technique to extract the statistically independent source signals from the mixed EEG data. In order to use ICA in the source separation problem, the number of measured signals should more than or equal to the number of sources to be extracted. Due to this limitation, direct adaptation of ICA on single channel EEG signals is not possible. We investigated this problem and proposed a new scheme such that ICA can be used to process single channel EEG signals. Further, we have also further investigated the performance of the seizure detection algorithm by employing SSA based muscle artifact removal technique as preprocessing step. From the results it is noticed that the adaptation of SSA based muscle artifact removal technique reduces the false positive rate of the seizure detection algorithm.
Science Teachers ’ Acceptance towards Microcomputer-Based Laboratories

A microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) has shown that it enhances the learning of science students by offering various pedagogical and psychological advantages. With the use of MBLs, real-time data collection and analysis can be performed seamlessly in the laboratory resulting in meaningful learning, especially of abstract concepts. Research shows that the unique capability of MBLs is more than simply motivating students as MBL can also improve students’ abilities such as graph interpretation and higher-order thinking skills. Despite the extensive use of MBLs in Western countries, the affective aspect of this technological application in school is still relatively unexplored. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the level of acceptance of inservice teachers towards MBLs using the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) with regards to the perceived usefulness of MBL in teaching and learning science, its perceived ease of use, and the likelihood of using MBLs. The survey involved 38 in-service science teachers. The outcome indicates that the in-service teachers have a positive view towards the usefulness of MBLs in learning science and are very likely to use the system in schools. However, perceptions towards the ease of use of MBLs are not as favourable. This implies that MBLs should be promoted in schools as it can potentially enhance the quality of science education in Malaysia. Thus, the use of MBLs among science teachers needs to be promoted through intensive professional development.
Methods of treatment of pleural empyema in children

Pleural empyema is caused by the accumulation of purulent content in the pleural cavity. In recent years, a higher incidence of pleural empyema in children has been observed. Pleural empyema is usually caused by the passage of infection from inflamed pulmonary tissue. The appropriate medical imaging and laboratory tests, including microbiological examination of the pleural cavity contents, enable the initiation of proper methods of treatment. Depending on the clinical condition of the patient, variable methods of treatment are used, such as: antibiotic therapy with simultaneous systemic therapy, thoracentesis, pleural cavity drainage with optional intrapleural fibrinolysis, thoracoscopic debridement of the accumulated effusion and fibrin accumulation, as well as lung decortication via open surgery or by thoracoscopic technique. Key woRds: children, treatment, pleural empyema, thoracoscopy. addRess foR coRRespondence: Roksana Barglik, Department of Children’s Developmental Defect Surgery and Traumatology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 13-15 3 Maja St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0002-8057-9176, e-mail: roxi01@interia.pl intRoduction Pleural empyema is the cause of hospitalisation of 0.6–3% of children [1]. Seventy per cent of cases are reported in infants and young children under four years of age [1]. The mortality rates due to pleural empyema in children stand at 8% [1, 2]. The aim of the study is to discuss the pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of empyema in children, including current therapeutic trends and modern surgical techniques. definition and classification Pleural empyema (empyema pleurae) is an accumulation of purulent content within the pleural cavity [1, 3–5]. The cause of this disease is usually the spread of inflammation from infected adjacent lung tissue [1, 3, 6, 7]. There are three stages of clinical progression of pleural empyema: • stage I: exudative – in the case of contagion of effusion accumulated in the pleural cavity (1–4 days); • stage II: fibrinopurulent – in which the purulent fluid, with a high content of polymorphonuclear cells and fibrin, accumulates in the pleural cavity. The presence of septations and loculations of the empyema is typical at this stage (5–14 days); • stage III: the stage of the organisation of the empyema – pleural stratification becomes thicker and stiff, which causes a growing impairment of respiratory movements (2–4 weeks). In case of significant progression, massive pleural adhesions are formed (fibrothorax) [1, 3, 5, 8–10]. anatoMy and physiology of the pleuRa The pleura is a serous membrane covering the lung, consisting of two layers: the parietal pleura, which coats the inside of the chest, and the pulmonary pleura (also known as the visceral pleura) surrounding the surface of
Effects of Acute Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on Humoral Immune Factors in Elite Athletes

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on humoral immune system parameters (IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4) in elite sportsman. Forty elite volleyball players and twenty healthy age-matched sedentary subjects were enrolled in this study. Subjects in the exercise group were randomly divided into two groups. Twenty athletes forming Group 1 (G1) performed 30-minutes of aerobic exercise on treadmill after determination of workload using the Karvonen protocol. Twenty athletes forming Group 2 (G2) performed anaerobic exercise for 30 seconds according to the Wingate test protocol. The sedentary subjects were enrolled as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the control group once and five times from the exercise groups (prior to exercise, immediately post exercise, 4 hours post exercise, and two and five days after the exercise protocol). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement C3 and C4 levels were determined from each sample. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows; and comparisons were made using Kruskal Wallis Variance Analysis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Initial heart rate and blood pressure values were significantly higher in the sedentary group where as IgA and IgG levels of the athletes were higher than the sedentary subjects (p<0.05). C3 and C4 values of the athletes were found to be suppressed immediately after both of the exercise protocols as compared to the pre-exercise values (p<0.05). Four hours post either exercise protocols, none of the values were significant as compared to the pre exercise values. After two and five days of aerobic exercise the IgA, IgG and IgM levels of athletes were significantly increased as compared to pre-exercise levels (p<0.05). In G2 there were no significant changes in IgA, IgG or IgM values. In conclusion, this study suggests that regularly performed moderate exercise affects hormone release and enhances some of the humoral immune system parameters (IgA, IgG or IgM) while maximal exercise stressing the organism suppresses these parameters. But, there still remains a need for further studies to fully explain the mechanism responsible for the influence of exercise on the immune system.
Influence of talent succession planning on employee engagement among listed companies in Kenya

Employee engagement has been a subject of interest for many researchers in recent years. Companies are making deliberate efforts to ensure that their workforce remain productive and motivated. This article aimed to address the contribution of talent recruitment on engagement. This study involved a total of 445 respondents drawn from 62 listed companies in Kenya. Regression and correlation results were also determined in line with the study objectives. The study revealed some unusual results which indicated that talent recruitment actually has a negative influence on employee engagement for listed companies in Kenya. The study recommends that companies wishing to utilize talent should be careful not to disengage employees by making them have an inflated sense of importance. This study has reasonable implications for companies and researchers since the field data has provided some contradictory statements that may go against studies which have shown huge connections between common HR practices and employee engagement in Kenya and the world at large.
A Step towards the Efficiency of Collisions in the Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have an ideal tactic for implementing the number of applications due to evading complex wirings connections and their maintenance. On the other hand, the main source of data communication in other networks is protocols. The Medium Access control Protocol defines when a wireless sensor (WS) transmits its recognizer data. However, MAC protocols suffer from collisions that ultimately affect the performance of WSNs. Consequently, care must be taken for improving the efficiency of medium access protocol. This paper presents a model of the Lightweight medium access protocol (LMAC) protocol, which is energy efficient protocol suitable to analyze the probability of collisions for SN (Sensor Nodes) when the data is transmitted at the same time. This paper we consider connected topologies that consist of 5 nodes. For analysis, we have used UMC PRO 0.2 (UPPAAL Model Checker Probabilistic) and results show that the chances of collisions decreases if the weight of nodes before they transmit data is increased. After that, we also compare the results of five nodes with their time slot 5, 6, and 7 depend on the chances of the collisions and suggest an optimistic choice of efficiency and also decrease the cost of networks a network set-up that improves the performance and reduces the cost of the network.
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Dovepress

Correspondence: Fabiana Braga Benatti Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65, CeP 05508-030, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Tel +55 11 3091 3096 Fax +55 11 3813 5921 email fabenatti@usp.br Abstract: Liposuction is the most popular aesthetic surgery performed in Brazil and worldwide. Evidence showing that adipose tissue is a metabolically active tissue has led to the suggestion that liposuction could be a viable method for improving metabolic profile through the immediate loss of adipose tissue. However, the immediate liposuction-induced increase in the proportion of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue could be detrimental to metabolism, because a high proportion of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The results of studies investigating the effects of liposuction on the metabolic profile are inconsistent, however, with most studies reporting either no change or improvements in one or more cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, animal studies have demonstrated a compensatory growth of intact adipose tissue in response to lipectomy, although studies with humans have reported inconsistent results. Exercise training improves insulin sensitivity, inflammatory balance, lipid oxidation, and adipose tissue distribution; increases or preserves the fat-free mass; and increases total energy expenditure. Thus, liposuction and exercise appear to directly affect metabolism in similar ways, which suggests a possible interaction between these two strategies. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the associated effects of liposuction and exercise in humans. Nonetheless, one could suggest that exercise training associated with liposuction could attenuate or even block the possible compensatory fat deposition in intact depots or regrowth of the fat mass and exert an additive or even a synergistic effect to liposuction on improving insulin sensitivity and the inflammatory balance, resulting in an improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. Consequently, one could suggest that liposuction and exercise appear to be safe and effective strategies for either the treatment of metabolic disorders or aesthetic purposes.
Scenario-based optimal reserve dispatch considering uncertainty of wind power

This paper presents a model of scenario-based optimal reserve dispatch and security-constrained unit commitment. The objective of the model is to minimize the cost of the energy and reserve. The constraints include network security constraints, reserve scheduled and deployed constraints. The wind speed fluctuation is generated by Monte Caro simulation with Latin hypercube sampling technique. A computationally available mixed-integer linear programming algorithm has been applied to solve the model efficiently. We test our model on the New England 39-bus 10-unit system, and we show the effectiveness of the proposed model for achieving the optimal reserve capacity, economic dispatch and unit commitment.
CAPM and Idiosyncratic Risk using Two-Pass Model : Evidence from the Karachi Stock Market

Since its presentation, CAPM face so many criticisms by scholars in finance, still it is most widely used asset pricing model in financial research. We use monthly prices data for the period of January 2001 to September 2013 of KSE 100 index listed companies to test the validity of CAPM in Pakistani market. First we form three sized portfolios to test the zero intercept hypothesis of CAPM. Further we use two pass models to analyze the importance of idiosyncratic risk in explaining security return. We find that CAPM is still applicable in Pakistani market and explain the variability in returns. The results of two pass models also confirm the absence of idiosyncratic risk in explaining security return in Pakistani market.