Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and in vitro Fermentation of Nitrogenous Substrates in Caecal Contents of the Pig

Marounek M. , T. Adamec, V. Skfiivanova, N.I. Latsik: Fractions of Nitrogen and in vitro Fermentation of Nitrogenous Substrates in Caecal Contents of the Pig. Acta Vet. Brno 2002, 71: 429-433. Caecal contents of four 28-week-old pigs were analysed and used as inocula of cultures supplied with plant proteins (gluten, gliadin, zein), mucin, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and glucose. Pigs were fed ad libitum a 14.1% crude protein diet containing barley, wheat, wheat bran, extracted soybean meal and a feed supplement. The caecal digesta contained dry matter, total N, protein, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble N and NH3-N at 120, 3.1, 14.9, 0.64 and 0.27 mg/g (on average), respectively. One g of the caecal content contained 70 µmol of glycine equivalents of amino acids in TCA-soluble fraction. Peptides rather than amino acids were the primary component of the TCA-soluble ninhydrin-reactive material in the caecum. Fermentation of mucin yielded more volatile fatty acids (VFA) than fermentation of other nitrogenous substrates. Zein was the least fermentable substrate tested. Acetate was the principal fermentation end-product, followed by propionate and butyrate. Fermentation pattern differed in cultures grown on glucose and proteins: propionate molar proportions were higher and those of branched-chain VFA lower in former cultures than in cultures supplied with gluten, gliadin and zein. Low proportions of branched-chain VFA were also in VFA produced from mucin and RNA. It can be concluded, therefore, that caecal microorganisms convert nitrogenous substrates, which would be lost in faeces, into valuable products (VFA), utilizable by the host.
Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of garciniaphenone and keto‐enol equilibrium statements for prenylated benzophenones

This article reports the structural elucidation by IR, UV and MS spectroscopic data along with 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of two benzophenones isolated from the fruit pericarp of Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. (Clusiaceae): garciniaphenone, (1R,5S,7S)‐3‐benzoyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6,6‐dimethyl‐5,7‐di(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl)bicyclo[3.3. 1]non‐3‐ene‐2,9‐dione, a novel triprenylated benzophenone; and 7‐epi‐clusianone, a tetraprenylated benzophenone that has already been extracted from another species of the same family. Furthermore, the keto‐enol tautomeric equilibrium at solution‐state was described for these compounds by 1D and 2D NMR spectral methods and one attempt to rationalize the different ratios between the noted tautomers was based on stereochemical features. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta‐analysis

Livestock grazing activities potentially alter ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland ecosystems. Despite the fact that numerous individual studies and a few meta‐analyses had been conducted, how grazing, especially its intensity, affects belowground C and N cycling in grasslands remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 115 published studies to examine the responses of 19 variables associated with belowground C and N cycling to livestock grazing in global grasslands. Our results showed that, on average, grazing significantly decreased belowground C and N pools in grassland ecosystems, with the largest decreases in microbial biomass C and N (21.62% and 24.40%, respectively). In contrast, belowground fluxes, including soil respiration, soil net N mineralization and soil N nitrification increased by 4.25%, 34.67% and 25.87%, respectively, in grazed grasslands compared to ungrazed ones. More importantly, grazing intensity significantly affected the magnitude (even direction) of changes in the majority of the assessed belowground C and N pools and fluxes, and C : N ratio as well as soil moisture. Specifically,light grazing contributed to soil C and N sequestration whereas moderate and heavy grazing significantly increased C and N losses. In addition, soil depth, livestock type and climatic conditions influenced the responses of selected variables to livestock grazing to some degree. Our findings highlight the importance of the effects of grazing intensity on belowground C and N cycling, which may need to be incorporated into regional and global models for predicting effects of human disturbance on global grasslands and assessing the climate‐biosphere feedbacks.
A Low-Cost Dual-Polarized Array Antenna Etched on a Single Substrate

In this letter, a four-leaf clover slot element antenna, which has a planar feeding structure, is proposed for dual-polarization applications. A four-element array based on the proposed antenna is designed and measured. The feeding network and radiators of the array are on the same substrate, which results in low-cost and convenient fabrication. The bandwidths of two polarizations are 275 and 465 MHz, respectively. The isolation between the two ports is greater than 30 dB, and the front-to-back ratio is higher than 25 dB.
Brain responses to auditory and visual stimulus offset: Shared representations of temporal edges

Edges are crucial for the formation of coherent objects from sequential sensory inputs within a single modality. Moreover, temporally coincident boundaries of perceptual objects across different sensory modalities facilitate crossmodal integration. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in order to examine the neural basis of temporal edge detection across modalities. Onsets of sensory inputs are not only related to the detection of an edge but also to the processing of novel sensory inputs. Thus, we used transitions from input to rest (offsets) as convenient stimuli for studying the neural underpinnings of visual and acoustic edge detection per se. We found, besides modality‐specific patterns, shared visual and auditory offset‐related activity in the superior temporal sulcus and insula of the right hemisphere. Our data suggest that right hemispheric regions known to be involved in multisensory processing are crucial for detection of edges in the temporal domain across both visual and auditory modalities. This operation is likely to facilitate cross‐modal object feature binding based on temporal coincidence. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single-Electron Device With Si Nanodot Array and Multiple Input Gates

We have developed a flexible-logic-gate single-electron device (SED) with an array of nanodots. Although the small size of SEDs is highly advantageous, the size of the nanodots inevitably fluctuates, which causes variations in device characteristics. This variability can be eliminated and high device functionality can be obtained by exploiting the oscillatory characteristics and multigate capability of SEDs. We fabricated, on a silicon-on-insulator wafer, a Si nanodot array device with two input gates and a control gate and investigated its basic operation characteristics experimentally. The device was demonstrated to operate as a logic gate providing six important logic functions ( and, or, nand, nor, xor, and xnor), which are obtained by adjusting the control-gate voltage.
The C/EBP family of transcription factors in the liver and other organs

Members of the CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors are pivotal regulators of liver functions such as nutrient metabolism and its control by hormones, acute‐phase response and liver regeneration. Recent progress in clarification of regulatory mechanisms for the C/EBP family members gives insight into understanding the liver functions at the molecular level.
Equivalent impedance of a large rough surface at low grazing angles

The parabolic equation technique has been widely used in the study of wave propagation over smooth earth and inhomogeneous atmosphere. To properly account for surface roughness in the parabolic equation formulation has been the goal of many propagation researchers lately. The behavior of average equivalent impedance at low grazing angles is investigated here for a large rough surface. We numerically solve a Volterra integral equation of the second kind to predict fields over a rough surface through a spectral acceleration algorithm. The equivalent impedance (or admittance) of the rough surface is then calculated by comparing the resulting normalized field to the field of a two-ray model over a constant impedance plane.
nfluence of Concentric Left Ventricular emodeling on Early Mortality After Aortic alve Replacement

i r o a Background. Severe left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy ncreases risk for adverse outcome after aortic valve eplacement. Whether LV geometry influences mortality isk after aortic valve replacement is unclear. And, hether LV mass or relative wall thickness (RWT) better redicts risk for adverse postoperative outcomes is unnown. The purpose of this investigation was to examine he influence of LV geometry and LV hypertrophy on orbidity and in-hospital mortality after aortic valve eplacement, and to determine whether LV mass or RWT ad better prognostic ability. Methods. Between January 1996 and June 2004, 5,083 atients underwent aortic valve replacement. Preoperaive echocardiographic data was used to calculate LV ass and RWT. Left ventricular geometry was classified nto one of four categories on the basis of LV mass ndexed to body height and RWT: (1) concentric hyperrophy, (2) eccentric hypertrophy, (3) concentric remodeling, nd (4) normal. Postoperative mortality and multisystem orbidities of patients with concentric geometries were
RACAI Entry for the IWSLT 2016 Shared Task

Spoken Language Translation is currently a hot topic in the research community. This task is very complex, involving automatic speech recognition, text-normalization and machine translation. We present our speech translation system, which was compared against the other systems participating in the IWSLT 2016 Shared Task. We introduce our ASR system for English and our MT system for English to French (En-Fr) and English to German (En-De) language pairs. Additionally, for the English to French Challenge we introduce a methodology that enables the enhancement of statistical phrase-based translation with translation equivalents deduced from monolingual corpora using neural word embedding.
Vascular imaging with contrast agent in hard and soft tissues using microcomputed‐tomography

Vascularization is essential for many tissues and is a main requisite for various tissue‐engineering strategies. Different techniques are used for highlighting vasculature, in vivo and ex vivo, in 2‐D or 3‐D including histological staining, immunohistochemistry, radiography, angiography, microscopy, computed tomography (CT) or micro‐CT, both stand‐alone and synchrotron system. Vascularization can be studied with or without a contrast agent. This paper presents the results obtained with the latest Skyscan micro‐CT (Skyscan 1272, Bruker, Belgium) following barium sulphate injection replacing the bloodstream in comparison with results obtained with a Skyscan In Vivo 1076. Different hard and soft tissues were perfused with contrast agent and were harvested. Samples were analysed using both forms of micro‐CT, and improved results were shown using this new micro‐CT. This study highlights the vasculature using micro‐CT methods. The results obtained with the Skyscan 1272 are clearly defined compared to results obtained with Skyscan 1076. In particular, this instrument highlights the high number of small vessels, which were not seen before at lower resolution. This new micro‐CT opens broader possibilities in detection and characterization of the 3‐D vascular tree to assess vascular tissue engineering strategies.
Formative Research in the Meena Communication Initiative

The governments of South Asia designed the 1990's as the Decade of the Girl Child, in order to confront the extreme discrimination faced by girls in the region. A range of research studies undertaken by UNICEF and other agencies leading up to the Decade had documented the aspects and degrees of discrimination against girls in the region - with the most severe conditions in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.
Image Processing Methods for Dynamical Intracellular Processes Analysis in QuantitativeFluorescence Microscopy. (Méthodes Numériques pour l'Analyse de Processus Intracellulaires Dynamiques en Microscopie Quantitative)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Image Processing Methods for Dynamical Intracellular Processes Analysis in QuantitativeFluorescence Microscopy Philippe Roudot
Resource Configuration, Inter-Firm Networks, and Organizational Performance

Empirically-documented associations between network position and organizational performance could be driven by unobserved resources. I study this issue theoretically, by developing an equilibrium model of inter-firm network formation. Specifically, I investigate how an organization’s resource configuration impacts both network position and performance. Under certain conditions, I show that variation in resources induces no relationship between performance and either degree or centrality; or this relationship is even negative. This result is driven by the existence of organizations that find highly complementary partners. Such organizations perform well and focus most resources within the highly-complementary alliance, which in turn makes them less central.
The GafD protein of the G (F17) fimbrial complex confers adhesiveness of Escherichia coli to laminin

Escherichia coli IHE11088(pRR-5) expressing the G (F17) fimbria adhered to immobilized laminin as well as to reconstituted basement membranes. No adhesion was seen with the plasmidless strain IHE11088 or with the deletion derivative IHE11088(pHUB110), which expresses the G-fimbrial filament with a defective GafD lectin and lacks N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific binding. Adhesion of IHE11088(pRR-5) to laminin and to reconstituted basement membranes was specifically inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and adhesion was abolished after N-glycosidase F treatment of laminin. The results show that the GafD lectin binds to laminin carbohydrate and suggest a novel function for the F17 fimbria in binding to mammalian basement membranes.
Reverse engineering of the UML class diagram from c++ code in presence of weakly typed containers

UML diagrams, and in particular the most frequently used one, the class diagram, represent a valuable source of information even after the delivery of the system, when it enters the maintenance phase. Several tools provide a reverse engineering engine to recover it from the code. In this paper an algorithm is proposed for the improvement of the accuracy of the UML class diagram extracted from the code. Specifically, important information about inter-class relations may be missed in a reverse engineered class diagram, when weakly typed containers, i.e., containers collecting objects whose type is the top of the inheritance hierarchy, are employed. In fact, the class of the contained objects is not directly known, and therefore no relation with it is apparent from the container declaration. The proposed approach was applied to several software components developed at CERN. Experimental results highlight that a substantial improvement is achieved when the container type information is refined with the inferred data. The number of relations otherwise missed is relevant and the connectivity of the associated class diagrams is radically different when containers are considered.
Perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes in the inner ear are essential for the integrity of the intrastrial fluid–blood barrier

The microenvironment of the cochlea is maintained by the barrier between the systemic circulation and the fluids inside the stria vascularis. However, the mechanisms that control the permeability of the intrastrial fluid–blood barrier remain largely unknown. The barrier comprises endothelial cells connected to each other by tight junctions and an underlying basement membrane. In a recent study, we found that the intrastrial fluid–blood barrier also includes a large number of perivascular cells with both macrophage and melanocyte characteristics. The perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes (PVM/Ms) are in close contact with vessels through cytoplasmic processes. Here we demonstrate that PVM/Ms have an important role in maintaining the integrity of the intrastrial fluid–blood barrier and hearing function. Using a cell culture-based in vitro model and a genetically induced PVM/M-depleted animal model, we show that absence of PVM/Ms increases the permeability of the intrastrial fluid–blood barrier to both low- and high-molecular-weight tracers. The increased permeability is caused by decreased expression of pigment epithelial-derived factor, which regulates expression of several tight junction-associated proteins instrumental to barrier integrity. When tested for endocochlear potential and auditory brainstem response, PVM/M-depleted animals show substantial drop in endocochlear potential with accompanying hearing loss. Our results demonstrate a critical role for PVM/Ms in regulating the permeability of the intrastrial fluid–blood barrier for establishing a normal endocochlear potential hearing threshold.
A review of systematic reviews on pain interventions in hospitalized infants.

BACKGROUND Hospitalized infants undergo multiple, repeated painful procedures. Despite continued efforts to prevent procedural pain and improve pain management, clinical guidelines and standards frequently do not reflect the highest quality evidence from systematic reviews. OBJECTIVE To critically appraise all systematic reviews on the effectiveness of procedural pain interventions in hospitalized infants. METHODS A structured review was conducted on published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions of acute procedural pain in hospitalized infants. Searches were completed in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Two reviewers independently selected articles for review and rated the methodological quality of the included reviews using a validated seven-point quality assessment measure. Any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. RESULTS Of 1469 potential systematic reviews on interventions for painful procedures in hospitalized infants, 11 high-quality reviews were included in the analysis. Pharmacological interventions supported by research evidence included premedication for intubation, dorsal penile nerve block and EMLA (AstraZeneca Canada, Inc) for circumcision, and sucrose for single painful procedures. Non-nutritive sucking, swaddling, holding, touching, positioning, facilitative tucking, breast feeding and supplemental breast milk were nonpharmacological interventions supported for procedural pain. CONCLUSION There is a growing number of high-quality reviews supporting procedural pain management in infants. Ongoing research of single, repeated and combined pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions is required to provide the highest quality evidence to clinicians for decision-making on optimal pain management.
CHAPTER 80 Advanced Therapy for Refractory Heart failure – Devices and Surgery

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to function as a pump to support a physiological circulation. Medical therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for majority of patients with heart failure. Although medical therapy can improve the quality of life and the longevity of patients across the spectrum of heart failure symptoms, such therapy alone is insufficient in patients with advanced heart failure. Advanced heart failure may be defined as stage of heart failure, characterized by advanced structural heart disease and marked symptoms of heart failure at rest despite dietary modification, salt restriction and maximal medical therapy including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, digitalis, diuretics and beta blockers. These patients require frequent hospitalizations and the overall prognosis is poor.
Effects of sulfur mustard on transcription in human epidermal keratinocytes: analysis by mRNA differential display

This study examines the transcriptional response of human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) to sulfur mustard (HD) in order to gain a better understanding of the intracellular events that result in cytotoxicity. Differential display polymerase chain reaction technology was used to examine the relative transcriptional activity of healthy cells to those exposed to subvesicating or vesicating concentrations of HD for 4 h. Approximately 2% of the HEK transcriptome had altered expression. Sixty of the most prominently altered transcripts were characterized. Important upregulated genes include NADH dehydrogenase III, GADD45 and ubiquitin. Key downregulated genes include type I keratin 14, α‐enolase and caltractin. Many of the identiﬁed transcripts protein products presently do not have an assigned function and eleven transcripts were unidentiﬁable. These transcriptional alterations provide one of the ﬁrst molecular insights into the intracellular events induced by HD. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Synergistic Effect of Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C Against Breast Cancer Cells

The combination of doxorubicin and mitomycin C has been shown previously to result in supra-additive tumor cell killing in vitro in both murine and human breast cancer cells and in vivo against murine breast cancer cells. Median effect analysis was used to determine the significance and degree of interaction. The origin of this synergy was sought by evaluating the contribution of membrane efflux pump modulation, formaldehyde production, reactive oxygen species, DNA cross-linking, and DNA double-strand breaks to this effect. The interaction of mitomycin C and doxorubicin in vitro was found to be a true synergy whose mechanism was efflux pump-independent. DNA cross-links were only found to increase additively with co-administration of the drugs; however, a supra-additive increase in DNA double-strand breaks was observed. The results suggest that poisoning of topoisomerase IIalpha by doxorubicin may interact with drug-induced DNA cross-links to enhance the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. This interaction, together with glutathione depletion and mitomycin C-derived formaldehyde, may be the underlying mechanism(s) of the synergy observed between mitomycin C and doxorubicin.
Stabilization of nonlinear systems by adding state-dependent rough signals

This paper provides a stabilization strategy for input-affine systems by adding state-dependent rough signals, a particular kind of continuous processes having unbounded variations. The effective use of rough path analysis enables state-feedbacks to gain entrance to the mechanism of rough signals. The results demonstrate that the addition of rough signals also invocates “hidden control inputs” that make the systems controllable using Lie derivatives. This implies that control Lie algebra can be constructed by Lie derivatives instead of Lie brackets.