Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uso de produtos naturais no controle de antracnose causado por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides em mamão

One of the limiting factors in papaya production and commercialization is its vulnerability to a large quantity of diseases. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is responsible for major losses in this culture and is considered a disease of high economic importance. Seeking an alternative control, the effect of the natural products Acadian®, Biopirol®, Trichodermil®, Rocksil®and Protego FL® was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro assay was conducted in a completely randomized design with five products and two concentrations. For each experiment, four replicates were used and each replicate was represented by a Petri dish of 9 mm. For the in vivo evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, in factorial arrangement, with 5 inducers x 2 concentrations x 2 application times and 4 replicates per treatment, and each replicate was represented by one papaya fruit. The bioinducers and abiotic inducers were applied at 48 and 72 hours, to separate treatments, before pathogen inoculation. The same dosages were used for treatments in vitro and in vivo. According to the results obtained in the in vitro experiment, all used products inhibited C. gloeosporioides growth at six days of growth, highlighting Biopirol® 40 and 60 mL/L and Rocksil® 15 and 30 mL/L at both used concentrations and Protego FL® at the highest concentration 6 g/L, which completely inhibited fungal growth. For the in vivo test, the used inducers were effective in reducing infections caused by C. gloeosporioides. Biopirol® 40 mL/L differed from control, showing smaller anthracnose lesions, compared to the other treatments at the first application time (48h). Regarding the results obtained in the second time of application (72h), Acadian® 40 mL/L and Rocksil® 30 g/L showed better results with lower averages of anthracnose lesions, when compared to the other treatments at this same time. These results demonstrate that the used products were capable of decreasing the aggressiveness of anthracnose in papaya fruits, were efficient in the management of diseases and can become important compounds in the management of post-harvest anthracnose.
Benthic organic matter dynamics in an intermittent stream in South-East Spain

This study investigates (1) the standing stocks of benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM) and its fractions; (2) their temporal and spatial variability; (3) the environmental variables that explain their dynamics; and (4) the relationship between the standing stocks of the different fractions and total BPOM on the one hand and functional feeding group densities on the other. The study was conducted at four sties (two pools and two runs) located along a perennial middle section (354 m length) of Chicamo stream, a 4th-order saline and intermittent tributary of the Segura river basin in southeast Spain. Three benthic organic matter samples were collected monthly by corers in a stratified pattern in each site during 1994. Coarse (CPOM, >1 mm), fine (FPOM, 56 μm-1 mm) and ultrafine (UPOM, 0.7-56μm) size fractions were determined. Benthic POM at all sites was dominated by FPOM, followed by UPOM and CPOM fractions. There were no significant differences in the overall amount of BPOM or its fractions between dates. In contrast, spatial variation was considerable between sites, in accordance with the high spatial heterogeneity of the stream. Habitat-specific variables (type and size of habitat, substrate, current, depth and type of primary producers) determined the production, retention and storage of the different BPOM fractions in the streambed. Shredders were absent from the stream due to the scarcity of their food (CPOM). No significant correlations were found between the densities of the detritivorous feeding groups and their presumed food resources. This lack of correlation may reflect an over-abundance of detritus in the stream.
Effects of light, temperature and pretreatment on germination of Rhus coriaria L. seeds

Effects of light, temperature and some pre-treatments (immersion in boiling water and scarification followed by cold stratification) on seed germination of Rhus coriaria L. were investigated in this study. Responses in germination varied and were clearly influenced by the methods used to break dormancy. A combination of scarification and stratification resulted in highest germination performance. Scarification with sulfuric acid for 60 min followed by cold stratification for 60 or 90 days in R. coriaria gave the highest germination percentage. Germination of the seeds pretreated with sulfuric acid for 60 min followed by cold stratification for 60 days differed significantly between light and temperature. Germination percentage and germination rate were the highest and 25/15 0 C undert 12 h photoperiod.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Ostericum koreanum (Apiaceae)

Abstract Ostericum koreanum Kitagawa is an important herbal medicine, whose taxonomic status has been changed to Angelica reflexa as a new species. This study generated the complete chloroplast genome sequence of O. koreanum, and reconsidered its molecular taxonomic status in Angelica by comparing it with related species. The length of the complete chloroplast genome was 147,282 bp, and there were four structures that included the large single copy region (93,185 bp), the small single copy region (17,663 bp) and the duplicated inverted regions (18,217 bp of each). Based on its phylogenetic trees, O. koreanum was grouped by high bootstrap value with the Angelica species. This result proved that O. koreanum is included in Angelica. Therefore, this chloroplast genome data generated for the first time a valuable genetic resource for the discrimination of herbal materials, phylogeny, and evolution.
Variation in drought-tolerance components and their interrelationships in the core collection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) germplasm

Abstract. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. ) is an ancient cereal cultivated worldwide in arid and marginal lands. It is an ideal crop for the changing climate, with high photosynthetic efficiency. A trait-based selection for drought tolerance is sought for yield stability. The present work had segregated the drought yield as total water use (T), transpiration efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) and assessed the importance of these components and their association with drought tolerance. The core collection of foxtail millet germplasm (n = 155) was evaluated in mini-lysimeters under both terminal drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) environments. The contribution of T to grain yield under drought was minor but the contribution of TE was positive and of HI negative. Crop duration, T and TE positively influenced, and HI negatively influenced, shoot biomass production. Under drought, the core germplasm accessions varied in shoot biomass, grain yield, HI and T by >3-fold and in TE by 2-fold. Categorisation of the germplasm for TE had differentiated groups of accessions as high TE (n = 17) and low TE (n = 22). Among the three races of foxtail millet, indica was strong for T and TE, and maxima and moharia for HI, with useful exceptions.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum

Abstract We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum. The circular DNA of 16692 bp comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, a non-coding control region and a non-coding origin of light strand replication with typical gene order of vertebrates. The nurse shark formed a well-supported clade that included whale shark Rhincodon typus and zebra shark Stegostoma fasciatum within the Orectolobiformes in a phylogenetic tree constructed with other published mitochondrial genomes of sharks.
Altered Sirtuin 7 Expression is Associated with Early Stage Breast Cancer

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: To evaluate sirtuin-7 (SirT7) mRNA expression status in breast cancer patients with different metastatic stages and survey SirT7 mRNA expression status in eight different types of cancer. METHODS: The expression of SirT7 in the commercially available TissueScan qPCR Breast Cancer Disease cDNA arrays containing 16 normal, 23 Stage I, 36 IIA, 22 IIB, 8 IIIA, 23 IIIA, 6 IIIB, 13 IIIC, and 5 IV were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Similar analysis was performed in TissueScan qPCR Cancer Survey cDNA array, which includes breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, prostate, and thyroid specimens. RESULTS: The mRNA expression levels of SirT7 were significantly higher in breast cancer samples compared to normal breast specimens ( P , 0.001). Stratification of patients into groups according to metastatic stages indicated statistically significantly higher levels of SirT7 mRNA in CS-I, CS-II, and CS-III when compared to normal breast tissue (
Different environmental conditions at initiation of radiata pine somatic embryogenesis determine the protein profile of somatic embryos

Somatic embryogenesis is an important biotechnological tool in breeding and conservation programmes for woody species. It exists an increasing interest in the improvement of somatic embryogenesis induction in commercial species such as Pinus radiata. One approach to obtain markers of successful somatic embryogenesis can be the study of protein profiling in a descriptive study.In order to accomplish this objective, 2-D and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis were used in the identification and quantification of proteins from Pinus radiata D. Don somatic embryos derived from 4 cell lines that were generated under different environmental conditions at initiation stage. Based on the Swiss-Prot database, among the 139 proteins detected, 25 of them appeared only in those cell lines with low initiation percentage at the initial stage of somatic embryogenesis. Only two proteins were detected differentially in cell lines with high initiation rates. Approximately 60% of the proteins identified were related to carbohydrate metabolic process and defence response. This study gives new insights about the proteomics in forest trees, as well as provides clues on the underlying causes of the mechanisms governing Pinus radiata somatic embryogenesis process, and can serve as a tool for facing the improvement ofthe breeding programmes.
Effects of oxygen depletion on field distributions and laboratory survival of the marine copepod Calanus pacificus

Copepods dominate the zooplankton, but surprisingly little is known of their tolerance to the increasing threat of hypoxia. We measured abundances of the calanoid copepod Calanus paci ﬁ cus in relation to oxygen concentrations in the ﬁ eld and established its tolerance to low dissolved oxygen (DO) in the laboratory. In situ distributions of female C. paci ﬁ cus were assessed with depth-strati ﬁ ed net sampling in Hood Canal, a seasonally hypoxic sub-estuary of Puget Sound, Washington. No clear avoidance of DO levels from supersaturated down to 2.0 mg DO L − 1 was observed; DO levels < 2 mg L − 1 were rare in our sampling. In the lab, at 13 ° C female C. paci ﬁ cus exhibited 100% 24-h survival at DO levels down to 1.7 mg DO L − 1 ; below 1.5 mg DO L − 1 , survival sharply declined, with 25% survival at 1.2 mg L − 1 and complete mortality within 1 h at 0.9 mg L − 1 . Calanus paci ﬁ cus is one of the dominant copepods throughout much of the North Paci ﬁ c and an important trophic link in the ecosystem. Our measurements indicate that they have a steep threshold in oxygen tolerance that is similar to those measured for other calanoid copepods and which could limit their habitat in years of severe oxygen depletion.
Viruses affecting lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) in Greece; incidence and genetic variability of Bean leafroll virus and Pea enation mosaic virus

In Greece, lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) crops are mainly established with non-certified seeds of local landraces, implying high risks for seed transmitted diseases. During April and May of the 2007–2012 growing seasons, surveys were conducted in eight regions of Greece (Attiki, Evros, Fthiotida, Korinthos, Kozani, Larissa, Lefkada and Viotia) to monitor virus incidence in lentil fields. A total of 1216 lentil samples, from plants exhibiting symptoms suggestive of virus infection, were analyzed from 2007 to 2009, using tissue-blot immunoassays (TBIA). Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) overall incidence was 4.9%, followed by Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) (2.4%) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) (1.0%). When 274 of the samples were tested for the presence of luteoviruses, 38.8% were infected with Bean leafroll virus (BLRV). Since BLRV was not identified in the majority of the samples collected from 2007 to 2009, representative symptomatic plants (360 samples) were collected in further surveys performed from 2010 to 2012 and tested by ELISA. Two viruses prevailed in those samples: BLRV (36.1%) was associated with stunting, yellowing, and reddening symptoms and Pea enation mosaic virus-1 (PEMV-1) (35.0%) was associated with mosaic and mottling symptoms. PSbMV (2.2%), AMV (2.2%), BYMV (3.9%) and CMV (2.8%) were also detected. When the molecular variability was analyzed for representative isolates, collected from the main Greek lentil production areas, five BLRV isolates showed 95% identity for the coat protein (CP) gene and 99% for the 3’ end region. Three Greek PEMV isolates co-clustered with an isolate from Germany when their CP sequence was compared with isolates with no mutation in the aphid transmission gene. Overall, limited genetic variability was detected among Greek isolates of BLRV and PEMV.
A new evaluation technique of potamo-plankton for the assessment of the ecological status of rivers

Based on the phytoplankton associations described for lakes (REYNOLDS, 2002), an assessment method has been elaborated for rivers. All phytoplankton associations were evaluated and scored by a number between 0-5. As many rivers can be defined as shallow, turbid, mesotrophic ecosystems of short residence time, those associations that prefer this type of environment were given high factor numbers, and those that are typical of stable hypertrophic lakes have got the lowest values. Highest values were given to those assemblages that contain mainly periphytic diatoms. To achieve an index, each species in the sample must be assigned to the appropriate functional group. Then the relative share of each functional groups are calculated. Relative shares are then multiplied by the factor number. The sum of these scores is the index. The reference values of the upper river sections are close to 5, while those of the lower river stretches are approximately 4. The method has been tested with hundreds of phytoplankton samples, it is simple, and after applying to a phytoplankton database can be computerised easily. Another advantage of the method that it is not restricted to a specific geographic region.
Differences in photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant system between invasive Alnus formosana and its native congener in response to different irradiance levels

We compared the invasive Alnus formosana (Burk.) Makino with its native congener (Alnus cremastogyne Burk.) at three irradiances in terms of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant system. The increased light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) and light saturation point (LSP) contributed directly to the increased performance of the invasive. The invasive species had also higher plasticity in carotenoid and total chlorophyll than the native species at 100% irradiance, potentially contributing to invasion success in high-irradiance locations via photoprotection. Moreover, the diurnal photoinhibition of photosynthesis, as judged by the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of dark-adapted leaves, was more severe in the native species than in the invasive species. With increasing irradiance, the invasive exhibited increased antioxidant activities and higher antioxidant levels to support the adverse conditions of both low- and high-irradiance acclimation. In contrast, the interce.
In vitro antioxidant and spectrophotometric studies of a colonial ascidian Didemnum psammathodes

Didemnum psammathodes commonly available in Tuticorin coast was screened for its chemical value. Analysis of phenols and flavonoids were done by Spectrophotometry method. A maximum of 86.13% phenol and 69.07% Flavonoids were observed in Didemnum Psammathodes . This study is designed to examine the invitro antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extract of Didemnum psammathodes by DPPH method. In DPPH system the strongest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the ethanolic extract (IC 50 - 49.22) when compared to standard drug ascorbic acid (25.98). An increase in dose have significantly increased the percentage of antioxidant activity. This result free radical induced oxidative reveal that Didemnum psammathodes ethanolic extract a promising antioxidant potential against free radical induced oxidative damage. The present observation suggests need for further investigation of Didemnum Psammathodes so as to isolate secondary metabolites.
Biochemical and molecular basis of differentiation in plant tissue culture

The present report summarizes and compares the effects of three cell cycle inhibitors, viz. aphidicolin, hydroxyurea and mimosine, in inducing synchronization of a rapidly proliferating suspension culture of carrot. These treatments efficiently synchronized the cell cycle as the doubling time of the cell population was roughly equal to the total length of one cell cycle. Protoplasts derived from mimosine treated cell suspension culture wen! resolved via flow cytometry to get an idea of the temporal organization of the cell cycle events. The biochemical analysis showed a rise in stage specific activity of glyoxalase I, an auxin inducible marker enzyme. activated at G2-M. This activity peak could be shifted to an early phase of interphase in response to auxin treatment.
Ganho de peso, consumo de ração e histologia de órgãos de leitões alimentados com rações contendo baixos níveis de fumonisina B1

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a secondary metabolite produced mainly by Fusarium verticilioides in several types of foods, particularly corn, which is the basis for composition of feed for several domestic animals. FB1 is particularly toxic to pigs, being the clinical manifestations evident in animals exposed to high concentrations of FB1 in the diet (generally above 30mg/kg). However, there are few studies on the effects of FB1 on pigs fed rations containing low concentrations of fumonisin, which are most probably found under field conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 28-day exposure of piglets to low levels of FB1 in the feed on the weight gain, feed consumption, organ weights and histological aspects of the spleen, liver, lungs, kidneys and heart. Twenty-four pigs were assigned into 4 experimental groups and fed diets containing 0mg (control), 3.0mg, 6.0mg or 9.0mg FB1/kg diet. The different diets did not affect (P>0.05) the weight gain or the weight of organs examined. There were no macroscopic or histological lesions in the spleen, liver, kidneys and heart. However, histological lesions were found in the lungs from all animals fed rations containing fumonisin, hence indicating that none of the FB1 levels used in the experiment could be considered as safe for piglets. Further studies on the mechanisms of toxic action of FB1 in pigs are needed, particularly under conditions of prolonged exposure to low contamination levels in the diet.
Physiological regulation and efficient xylem water transport regulate diurnal water and carbon balances of tropical lianas

Summary Tropical lianas deploy most of their leaves towards the top of the forest canopy, whereas trees exhibit a more stratified crown. Forest canopies are often exposed to hot and windy conditions, and how lianas cope with the extremely high transpirational demands under these environments remains unknown. We investigated stem hydraulic properties, leaf drought tolerance, diurnal changes in leaf and stem water potentials (Ψleaf and Ψstem), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate, sap flow and stem native percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) for four liana species in a tropical forest in southwest China. Five co-occurring tree species were also selected for comparison. Lianas reached maximal transpiration at a relatively lower vapour pressure deficit (<1 kPa) than did co-occurring trees, suggesting vigorous photosynthesis during the morning. However, liana gs declined markedly over the day, with low gs at midday and afternoon. Lianas generally had higher stem sapwood-specific conductivity and maximum sap flux density but were less tolerant to drought-induced cavitation than were evergreen trees. Both lianas and trees lost leaf turgor in the top canopy at midday, but lianas lost leaf turgor earlier (∼2 h) than trees. Seven of eight species exhibited midday increases in PLC when xylem tensions were released to −0·3 to −0·5 MPa for PLC measurements. On average, lianas experienced high PLC (35·9%), along with a greater degree of disequilibrium between leaf and stem water potentials than trees (ΔΨstem–leaf: 1·37 MPa vs. 0·75 MPa) during the day. Earlier stomatal closure and efficient water transport may help lianas maintain higher Ψstem than trees despite having similar Ψleaf. Our results provide evidence that physiological regulation and efficient water transport mediate daily water relations in tropical lianas and may explain how lianas operate efficiently in tropical seasonal forests. Further studies involving a broader range of species are needed to confirm our findings.
Effect of JH analogues on silkworm, Bombyx mori L., growth and development of silk gland

Evaluation de l'effet des differents analogues de l'hormone juvenile sur la croissance et le rendement en soie du ver a soie pour determiner le moment propice pour l'application de ces doses d'analogues de l'hormone juvenile et l'augmentation de la duree larvaire.