Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive “Category-Based Induction” Research and Social “Persuasion” Research Are Each About What Makes Arguments Believable

Social and cognitive psychologists each study factors that influence the believability of arguments, but they have worked mostly in parallel. We briefly examine and compare the dominant theories explaining argument believability in the social persuasion literature and the cognitive category-based induction literature. Although the two areas ask similar questions, they use different paradigms to study different aspects of the issues. We describe each area’s major paradigms and questions and then examine the conclusions that each area draws regarding the role of five variables important to argument believability: (a) the number of sources/premises, (b) the similarity between sources/premises, (c) individual differences in characteristics of the reasoner, (d) the available resources, and (e) the reasoner’s background knowledge and beliefs. Comparing the two literatures provides a more complete picture of the factors influencing argument believability and provides fruitful new avenues for integration and exploration.
Mitigating interference caused by IEEE 802.11b in the IEEE 802.15.4 WSN within the environment of smart house

Using wireless sensor network (WSN) to provide environmental data is becoming an increasingly important topic in the research area of building a smart house. As the standard designed for low data rate and low cost wireless personal area network, the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard is widely employed in the construction of home sensor networks to assist the smart house application with a real-time environment information infrastructure. However, its working frequency (2.4 GHz ISM band) and low transmission power (typically 1 mW) make the system easily open to interference caused by other powerful wireless systems or signals which also work on the same frequency band, especially by Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b) systems. In this paper, we analyze the factors, which cause interference of the IEEE 802.15. 4 system by Wi-Fi, and propose an interference mitigation strategy which utilizing the interferer's transmission interval to enable the IEEE 802.15. 4 network to maintain communications during times of interference.
Undergraduate medical education in the Gulf Cooperation Council: A multi-countries study (Part 1)

Background: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have witnessed over the last 40 years a rapid and major social, cultural, and economic transformation. The development of medical education in the region is relatively new, dating from the late 1960s. An important goal among the medical colleges in the region is to graduate national physicians who can populate the healthcare service of each country. Aim: The aim of this study is to provide understanding of undergraduate medical education in each of the six GCC countries and the challenges that each face. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Fourteen senior medical faculty were requested to submit information about undergraduate medical education in their own countries, focusing on its historical background, student selection, curriculum, faculty, and challenges. Results: The information provided was about 27 medical colleges: 16 from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), five from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), two from the Kingdom of Bahrain, two from Sultanate of Oman, one from Kuwait, and one from the State of Qatar. It was found that older colleges are reviewing their curriculum while new colleges are developing their programs following current trends in medical education, particularly problem-based learning and integrated curricula. The programs as described ‘on paper’ look good but what needs to be evaluated is the curriculum ‘in action’. Faculty development in medical education is taking place in most of the region's medical colleges. Conclusion: The challenges reported were mainly related to shortages of faculty, availability of clinical training facilities and the need to more integration with the National Health Care services. Attention to quality, standards, and accreditation is considered essential by all colleges.
Better scheduling technology leads to better patient care

Nursing Management • December 2014 23 orwalk Hospital is a 328-bed, not-for-profit, acute care community teaching hospital that serves a population of 250,000 in lower Fairfield County, Conn. Norwalk Hospital’s commitment to compassion is delivered by more than 500 physicians on its active medical staff and 2,000 dedicated health and support professionals. Yet, until recently, our department of nursing relied on various manual and disparate systems for scheduling practices that simply didn’t measure up to this same level of excellence. The solution? Implementing scheduling technology that not only centralized our approach, but helped increase productivity, employee engagement, and patient care by allowing nurses to spend more time on care delivery.
Detection of Internet robots using a Bayesian approach

A large part of Web traffic on e-commerce sites is generated not by human users but by Internet robots: search engine crawlers, shopping bots, hacking bots, etc. In practice, not all robots, especially the malicious ones, disclose their identities to a Web server and thus there is a need to develop methods for their detection and identification. This paper proposes the application of a Bayesian approach to robot detection based on characteristics of user sessions. The method is applied to the Web traffic from a real e-commerce site. Results show that the classification model based on the cluster analysis with the Ward's method and the weighted Euclidean metric is very effective in robot detection, even obtaining accuracy of above 90%.
Prognostication after cardiac arrest

Purpose of reviewThe prognosis of patients with postanoxic coma (PAC) after cardiac arrest is a challenging task for clinicians. The need for early and accurate prognostic predictors is crucial. Treatment with therapeutic hypothermia and sedation alters the reliability of neurological examination. Considering the extensive literature existing on this topic, we aimed to provide a practical approach on how to predict outcome in patients with PAC, particularly in those treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Recent findingsRecovery of motor responses can take several days and can therefore not be used to assess the extent of brain injury in the early phase after cardiac arrest. Additional tools, including electroencephalography, somatosensory-evoked potentials, biomarkers and radiological imaging, may help to determine the prognosis. Nevertheless, treatment with therapeutic hypothermia, including prolonged sedation, has changed the predictive value of these tools. SummaryFor reliable prediction of outcome in patients with PAC, various prognostic methods should be combined with the standard neurological examination in a multimodal approach.
Sizing of a stand-alone microgrid considering electric power, cooling/heating and hydrogen

Microgrids are small-scale power systems that include local generation and storage units to serve their loads. The effectiveness of such systems depends on both sizing and operations, that need to be efficient to minimize costs while ensuring reliable power delivery. In this paper, we build a stand-alone microgrid while considering not only electric power, but also cooling, heating, and hydrogen consumption. A unit commitment algorithm, formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem, is used to determine the best operation strategy of the system. A genetic algorithm is used to search for the best size of each component. Results show the feasibility of the proposed sizing method.
The Interaction of FcαRI with IgA and Its Implications for Ligand Binding by Immunoreceptors of the Leukocyte Receptor Cluster1

This study defines the molecular basis of the FcαRI (CD89):IgA interaction, which is distinct from that of the other leukocyte Fc receptors and their Ig ligands. A comprehensive analysis using both cell-free (biosensor) and cell-based assays was used to define and characterize the IgA binding region of FcαRI. Biosensor analysis of mutant FcαRI proteins showed that residues Y35, Y81, and R82 were essential for IgA binding, and R52 also contributed. The role of the essential residues (Y35 and R82) was confirmed by analysis of mutant receptors expressed on the surface of mammalian cells. These receptors failed to bind IgA, but were detected by the mAb MY43, which blocks IgA binding to FcαRI, indicating that its epitope does not coincide with these IgA binding residues. A homology model of the ectodomains of FcαRI was generated based on the structures of killer Ig-like receptors, which share 30–34% identity with FcαRI. Key structural features of killer Ig-like receptors are appropriately reproduced in the model, including the structural conservation of the interdomain linker and hydrophobic core (residues V17, V97, and W183). In this FcαRI model the residues forming the IgA binding site identified by mutagenesis form a single face near the N-terminus of the receptor, distinct from other leukocyte Fc receptors where ligand binding is in the second domain. This taken together with major differences in kinetics and affinity for IgA:FcαRI interaction that were observed depending on whether FcαRI was immobilized or in solution suggest a mode of interaction unique among the leukocyte receptors.
A Conceptual Design of a Generalized Database Subsystem

A database subsystem (GDS) is proposed. The main objective is to provide a basis for constructing efficient database management systems. A functional interface (GDI), defined for the subsystem, primarily manipulates a single record. Various access functions are provided in order to manipulate a wide variety of logical data structures. Mapping from a logical data structure to a physical data structure is completely maintained in the GDS. Data definition and control functions are also included in the GDI. The subsystem is implemented on a special purpose processor (GDP) which independently operates from a host processor, responsible for the rest of the database management functions. The GDP is composed of special hardware and firmware function modules, local memories and a shared memory which is used for communicating with the host processor. Parallel processing at the host-GDP level and intra-GDP level assures high performance. Furthermore, the interprocessor communication mechanism using the shared memory significantly reduces overhead time by avoiding useless data transfer operations. The subsystem can be applied to various database management system, such as a CODASYL type, a relational type, end user facilities etc.
A public key technology platform for wireless sensor networks

Communication security for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a challenge due to the limited computation and energy resources available at nodes. We describe the design and implementation of a public-key (PK) platform based on a standard Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip that extends the capability of a standard node. The result facilitates message security services such as confidentiality, authenticity and integrity. We present results including computation time, energy consumption and cost.
How to make your own simulation system

A simple way to make a simulation system based on any language is described, in fact, the system was designed and implemented on a minicomputer by the authors in less than one week. A simulation program that uses the system looks almost like a SIMULA program. All subroutines and functions in SIMULA (except input and output routines) are included in this system.
Detection and quantification of multiple drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by an oligonucleotide ligation assay.

OBJECTIVES To develop an assay for the early detection and quantification of minor human immunodeficiency virus-1 populations bearing multiple drug resistance (MDR) mutations. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) is based on ligation of probe and detector oligonucleotides annealed to a polymerase chain reaction amplicon strand with detection by an enzyme immunoassay. In OLA-MDR, oligonucleotides were designed to detect MDR mutations. The method was validated with wild-type and MDR mutant clones mixed at different proportions. RESULTS K103N mutants were detected as minor populations (5%-30%) by OLA in 6 of 18 samples from patients treated with nonnucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors and classified as wild type by sequencing. In one patient, the kinetics of the increase of MDR mutants could be followed in sequential samples, with K103N being detected earlier by OLA than by sequencing. Q151M mutants were detected as minor populations (13%-24%) by OLA but not by sequencing in 4 samples. CONCLUSIONS Oligonucleotide ligation assay MDR exhibits higher sensitivity than sequencing for detection of minor MDR mutant populations.
Efficient intensity-based camera pose estimation in presence of depth

The widespread success of Kinect enables users to acquire both image and depth information with satisfying accuracy at relatively low cost. We leverage the Kinect output to efficiently and accurately estimate the camera pose in presence of rotation, translation, or both. The applications of our algorithm are vast ranging from camera tracking, to 3D points clouds registration, and video stabilization. The state-of-the-art approach uses point correspondences for estimating the pose. More explicitly, it extracts point features from images, e.g., SURF or SIFT, and builds their descriptors, and matches features from different images to obtain point correspondences. However, while features-based approaches are widely used, they perform poorly in scenes lacking texture due to scarcity of features or in scenes with repetitive structure due to false correspondences. Our algorithm is intensity-based and requires neither point features’ extraction, nor descriptors’ generation/matching. Due to absence of depth, the intensity-based approach alone cannot handle camera translation. With Kinect capturing both image and depth frames, we extend the intensity-based algorithm to estimate the camera pose in case of both 3D rotation and translation. The results are quite promising.
Mesenteric lymph duct ligation after hemorrhagic shock enhances the ATP level and ATPase activity in rat kidneys

Abstract Background: Kidney injury commonly occurs following hemorrhagic shock. This study aims to observe the effects of mesenteric lymph duct ligation (MLDL) on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and the cell membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the kidneys of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Wistar rats were assigned into sham, shock, and ligation groups. The hemorrhagic shock model was established in the shock and ligation groups, and MLDL was performed in the ligation group after resuscitation. Renal homogenates were prepared to determine the ATP and ATPase levels at 90 min after hemorrhage and at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after resuscitation. Results: The ATP levels, and the Na+–K+–ATPase, Mg2+–ATPase, Ca2+–ATPase, and Ca2+–Mg2+–ATPase activities in the renal tissue of the shock group were lower than those in the sham group at the multiple time points. Furthermore, the corresponding values in the ligation group were significantly higher than those in the shock group at multiple time points. Conclusion: MLDL improves energy metabolism and enhances the ATPase activity in the kidneys of hemorrhagic shock rats, along with other mechanisms that alleviate renal injury after hemorrhagic shock.
The Ras superfamily of GTPases 1

The Ras superfamily of small GTPases comprises a group of molecular switches that regulate an astonishing diversity of cellular functions. A deep understanding of mitogenesis, cy‐toskeletal organization, vesicle traffic, and nuclear transport now requires the inclusion of the small GTPases as essential components of the molecular machines that drive these processes. The rich complexity of the control mechanisms involved is evidenced by the recent discoveries of GTPase cascades, multiple downstream effectors, and interconnected networks of GTPase‐regulated protein kinase cascades. The 1995 FASEB Summer Conference at Snowmass Village, Colorado, on the Ras GTPase superfamily provided testimony to the broad impact that the study of these proteins continues to exert on cell biology. —Macara, I. G. , Lounsbury, K. M. , Richards, S. A. , McKiernan, C. , Bar‐Sagi, D. The Ras superfamily of GTPases. FASEB J. 10, 625‐630 (1996)
Process-Specific Information for Learning Electronic Negotiation Outcomes

We introduce Process-Specific Feature Selection, an innovative procedure of feature selection for textual data. The procedure applies to data gathered in person-to-person communication. The procedure relies on the knowledge of the processes that govern such communication. It is general enough to represent data in a wide variety of domains. We present a case study of electronic negotiation, in which participants exchange text messages. We present the empirical results of classifying the outcomes of electronic negotiations based on such texts. The results achieved using process-specific feature selection are marginally better than those afforded by several traditional feature selection methods. We show that this tendency is consistent across several learning paradigms.
Cell shape, spreading symmetry, and the polarization of stress-fibers in cells

The active regulation of cellular forces during cell adhesion plays an important role in the determination of cell size, shape, and internal structure. While on flat, homogeneous and isotropic substrates some cells spread isotropically, others spread anisotropically and assume elongated structures. In addition, in their native environment as well as in vitro experiments, the cell shape and spreading asymmetry can be modulated by the local distribution of adhesive molecules and topography of the environment. We present a simple elastic model and experiments on stem cells to explain the variation of cell size with the matrix rigidity. In addition, we predict the experimental consequences of two mechanisms of acto-myosin polarization and focus here on the effect of the cell spreading asymmetry on the regulation of the stress-fiber alignment in the cytoskeleton. We show that when cell spreading is sufficiently asymmetric the alignment of acto-myosin forces in the cell increases monotonically with the matrix rigidity; however, in general this alignment is non-monotonic, as shown previously. These results highlight the importance of the symmetry characteristics of cell spreading in the regulation of cytoskeleton structure and suggest a mechanism by which different cell types may acquire different morphologies and internal structures in different mechanical environments.
Exercise training in Diastolic Heart Failure (Ex‐DHF): rationale and design of a multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel group trial

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common disease with high incidence and increasing prevalence. Patients suffer from functional limitation, poor health‐related quality of life, and reduced prognosis. A pilot study in a smaller group of HFpEF patients showed that structured, supervised exercise training (ET) improves maximal exercise capacity, diastolic function, and physical quality of life. However, the long‐term effects of ET on patient‐related outcomes remain unclear in HFpEF. The primary objective of the Exercise training in Diastolic Heart Failure (Ex‐DHF) trial is to investigate whether a 12 month supervised ET can improve a clinically meaningful composite outcome score in HFpEF patients. Components of the outcome score are all‐cause mortality, hospitalizations, NYHA functional class, global self‐rated health, maximal exercise capacity, and diastolic function. After undergoing baseline assessments to determine whether ET can be performed safely, 320 patients at 11 trial sites with stable HFpEF are randomized 1:1 to supervised ET in addition to usual care or to usual care alone. Patients randomized to ET perform supervised endurance/resistance ET (3 times/week at a certified training centre) for 12 months. At baseline and during follow‐up, anthropometry, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and health‐related quality of life evaluation are performed. Blood samples are collected to examine various biomarkers. Overall physical activity, training sessions, and adherence are monitored and documented throughout the study using patient diaries, heart rate monitors, and accelerometers. The Ex‐DHF trial is the first multicentre trial to assess the long‐term effects of a supervised ET programme on different outcome measures in patients with HFpEF.
Threefold Peritoneal Test of Osmotic Conductance, Ultrafiltration Efficiency, and Fluid Absorption

♦ Background: Fluid removal during peritoneal dialysis depends on modifiable factors such as tonicity of dialysis fluids and intrinsic characteristics of the peritoneal transport barrier and the osmotic agent—for example, osmotic conductance, ultrafiltration efficiency, and peritoneal fluid absorption. The latter parameters cannot be derived from tests of the small-solute transport rate. We here propose a simple test that may provide information about those parameters. ♦ Methods: Volumes and glucose concentrations of drained dialysate obtained with 3 different combinations of glucose-based dialysis fluid (3 exchanges of 1.36% glucose during the day and 1 overnight exchange of either 1.36%, 2.27%, or 3.86% glucose) were measured in 83 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Linear regression analyses of daily net ultrafiltration in relation to the average dialysate-to-plasma concentration gradient of glucose allowed for an estimation of the osmotic conductance of glucose and the peritoneal fluid absorption rate, and net ultrafiltration in relation to glucose absorption allowed for an estimation of the ultrafiltration effectiveness of glucose. ♦ Results: The osmotic conductance of glucose was 0.067 ± 0.042 (milliliters per minute divided by millimoles per milliliter), the ultrafiltration effectiveness of glucose was 16.77 ± 7.97 mL/g of absorbed glucose, and the peritoneal fluid absorption rate was 0.94 ± 0.97 mL/min (if estimated concomitantly with osmotic conductance) or 0.93 ± 0.75 mL/min (if estimated concomitantly with ultrafiltration effectiveness). These fluid transport parameters were independent of small-solute transport characteristics, but proportional to total body water estimated by bioimpedance. ♦ Conclusions: By varying the glucose concentration in 1 of 4 daily exchanges, osmotic conductance, ultrafiltration efficiency, and peritoneal fluid absorption could be estimated in CAPD patients, yielding transport parameter values that were similar to those obtained by other, more sophisticated, methods.