Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the composition of soil microbial communities and their carbon‐cycle genes following the conversion of primary broadleaf forests to plantations and secondary forests

The soil organic carbon (C) cycle is primarily mediated by soil microorganisms and their genes that function in the C cycle (C‐cycle genes), both of which are strongly affected by land cover disturbance. However, the mechanism underlying microbially mediated soil C loss after conversion of primary natural broadleaf forests (BF) to plantation forests (PF) and secondary forests (SF) remains unknown. Here, we measured soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community properties, and examined their linkages with microbial C‐cycle genes. Forest conversion dramatically decreased the richness of the soil fungal community but not of the bacterial community, and altered the composition of both communities. Analysis of C‐cycle genes revealed that the abundance of genes associated with C fixation, methane metabolism, and C degradation decreased by 51.3%, 57.9%, and 67.0%, respectively with the conversion of BF to PF; and by 6.3%, 4.1%, and 15.6%, respectively, with the conversion of BF to SF. The reductions in the abundance of C‐cycle genes, especially the reduction of hemicellulose‐ and lignin‐degradation genes, were primarily associated with the declines in the abundance of forest conversion‐sensitive microbes indexed by operational taxonomic units (fsOTUs, β = 0.41). fsOTUs were taxonomically diverse and included members frequently co‐occurring with numerous other microbes in the microbial communities, indicating that the manipulation of fsOTUs by forest management could improve soil fertility and soil C sequestration. Forest conversion‐induced shifts in fsOTUs abundance were associated with changes in soil potassium permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (PXC) concentration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and soil pH. Our results indicate that alterations in soil substrate supply (e.g., DOC and PXC) and soil pH induced by forest conversion may strongly shape fsOTUs structure and decrease the abundance of hemicellulose and lignin degradation genes, and consequently increase C loss.
A Minimal Inflation Scenario

We elaborate on a minimal inflation scenario based entirely on the general properties of supersymmetry breaking in supergravity models. We identify the inflaton as the scalar component of the Goldstino superfield. We write plausible candidates for the effective action describing this chiral superfield. In particular the theory depends (apart from parameters of O(1)) on a single free parameter: the scale of supersymmetry breaking. This can be fixed using the amplitude of CMB cosmological perturbations and we therefore obtain the scale of supersymmetry breaking to be 1012? 14 GeV. The model also incorporates explicit R-symmetry breaking in order to satisfy the slow roll conditions. In our model the ? problem is solved without extra fine-tuning. We try to obtain as much information as possible in a model independent way using general symmetry properties of the theory's effective action, this leads to a new proposal on how to exit the inflationary phase and reheat the Universe.
A Breast Cancer Diagnosis Method Based on VIM Feature Selection and Hierarchical Clustering Random Forest Algorithm

Breast cancer is a neoplastic disease which seriously threatens women’s health. It is regard as the most common cause of cancer death in women. Accurate detection and effective treatment are of vital significance to lower the death rate of breast cancer. In recent years, machine learning technique has been considered to be an effective method for accurate diagnosis of various diseases, among which Random Forest (RF) has been widely applied. However, decision trees with poor classification performance and high similarity may be generated during the training process, which affects the overall classification performance of the model. In this paper, a Hierarchical Clustering Random Forest (HCRF) model is developed. By measuring the similarity among all the decision trees, the hierarchical clustering technique is used to carry out clustering analysis on decision trees. The representative trees are selected from divided clusters to construct the hierarchical clustering random forest with low similarity and high accuracy. In addition, we use Variable Importance Measure (VIM) method to optimize the selected feature number for the breast cancer prediction. Wisconsin Diagnosis Breast Cancer (WDBC) database and Wisconsin Breast Cancer (WBC) database from the UCI (University of California Irvine) Machine Learning repository are employed in this study. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by utilizing accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and AUC (Area Under ROC Curve). Experimental results indicate that the classification based on HCRF algorithm with VIM as a feature selection method reaches the best accuracy of 97.05% and 97.76% compared to Decision Tree, Adaboost and Random Forest on both the WDBC and WBC datasets. The method proposed in this study is an effective tool for diagnosing breast cancer.
Title : The New Structural Design Process of Supertall Buildings in China

By the end of 2014, the number of completed and under-construction supertall buildings above 250 meters in China reached 90 and 129, respectively. China has become one of the centers of supertall buildings in the world. Supertall buildings in China are getting taller, more slender, and more complex. The structural design of these buildings focuses on the efficiency of lateral resisting systems and the application of energy dissipation. Furthermore, the research, design, and construction of highperformance materials, pile foundations, and mega-members have made a lot of progress. Meanwhile, more and more challenges are presented, such as the improvement of structural system efficiency, the further understanding of failure models, the definition of design criteria, the application of high-performance materials, and construction monitoring. Thus, local structural engineers are playing a more important role in the design of supertall buildings.
PHYSICAL DUST MODELS FOR THE EXTINCTION TOWARD SUPERNOVA 2014J IN M82

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are powerful cosmological “standardizable candles” and the most precise distance indicators. However, a limiting factor in their use for precision cosmology rests on our ability to correct for the dust extinction toward them. SN 2014J in the starburst galaxy M82, the closest detected SN Ia in three decades, provides unparalleled opportunities to study the dust extinction toward an SN Ia. In order to derive the extinction as a function of wavelength, we model the color excesses toward SN 2014J, which are observationally derived over a wide wavelength range, in terms of dust models consisting of a mixture of silicate and graphite. The resulting extinction laws steeply, rise toward the far-ultraviolet, even steeper than that of the SMC. We infer a visual extinction of A V ≈ 1.9 mag ? > , a reddening of E ( B − V ) ≈ 1.1 mag ? > , and a total-to-selective extinction ratio of RV ≈ ? > 1.7, consistent with that previously derived from photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations. The size distributions of the dust in the interstellar medium toward SN 2014J are skewed toward substantially smaller grains than that of the Milky Way and the SMC.
Experimental evaluation of near infrared light penetration into neural tissue

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF NEAR INFRARED LIGHT PENETRATION INTO NEURAL TISSUE by Ujwal Anil Parikh Near infrared (NIR) lasers find applications in medicine both for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Penetration depth into the tissue is a critical parameter to be considered in these NIR laser applications. Published data on the optical properties of rodent neural tissue are rare, despite the frequent use of rats as animal models. The aim of this study was to directly measure the light intensity profile inside the rat brain gray matter that is illuminated by an NIR laser beam. The local light intensities were sampled using an optical fiber inserted into the brain. The intensity profile in the axial direction to the laser beam had an initial fast decreasing phase followed by a less steeper slope by distance. In general, the light penetrated several times farther in the direction of the beam than its spread in the radial direction.
Study of sleep disruption and its effects on Medical trainees

Introduction: Good quality sleep and adequate amount of sleep are important in order to have better cognitive performance and avoid health problems and psychiatric disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe sleep habits and sleep problems in a population of interns of Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences. Subject and Method: Sleep habits and problems were investigated using a convenience sample of interns from Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences. The study was carried out during Oct. to Dec. 2015 with population consisted of total 60 medical interns. A self-administered questionnaire developed based on Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale was used. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. Results: In this study, out of 60 medical students, 39 students had abnormal levels of daytime sleepiness while 23 were border line. Sleep quality in females was worse than the male. Conclusion: Disorders related to poor sleep qualities are significant problems among medical interns in our institution. Caffeine and alcohol ingestion affected sleep and there was high level of daytime sleepiness. Sleep difficulties resulted in irritability and affected lifestyle and interpersonal relationships. Keywords: Medical Interns, Sleep disorders, Sleep habits, Sleep quality
Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Temporomandibular Ankylosis at the Conakry Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a fusion of joint surfaces by fibrous or bone tissue and the resulting limitation of mouth opening. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of TMJA, describe the clinical aspects and assess management. Materials and Method: It was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Department of Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery of Donka National Hospital for a period of 5 years (January 2016 to December 2020). Included were all records of inpatients and managed cases of TMJA during the study period. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were analyzed. Results: During the study 13 TMJA cases were collected with the frequency of 0.47%. The age group 1 9 was the most affected (61.54%) with extremes of 4 and 28 years. Men were the most concerned (53.87%). Restriction of mouth opening was the main reason for consultation (69.23%). The etiologies of ankylosis were dominated by infection including cellulitis of dental origin (53.85%) followed by facial trauma (30.77%). Arthroplasty was the most commonly used technique (73%), two cases of recurrence were noted (15.38%). Conclusion: TMJA affects mainly children and the etiology is dominated by cellulite of dental origin hence the interest of sensitization of the population for early management of oral diseases.
The adverse effects of the Norwegian electric vehicle incentive scheme with emphasis on congestion and public funding

Norway is one of the countries in the world with the highest market share of electric vehicles per capita. Much of this is due to a comprehensive incentive scheme to facilitate the purchase and use of electric vehicles. The purpose of the incentive scheme is to reduce emissions, which is an externality of road traffic. However, road traffic also causes other externalities, which the incentive scheme does not take into account. The purpose of this thesis is to identify and estimate the adverse effects that arise with increasing shares of electric vehicles. The adverse effects are associated with the externalities that emerge from road traffic. In particular, this thesis emphasizes the adverse effects of toll exemption for BEVs, which are related to congestion and public funding Existing literature on the incentive scheme focuses on the importance and cost-effectiveness of the incentives, and the characteristics of electric vehicle owners. Some discuss the potential adverse effects of the incentives, but fail to provide evidence and take the whole cost into account. Therefore, this thesis will try to empirically estimate how demand for driving changes with higher numbers of electric vehicles, and discuss what externalities this may cause. The demand for driving is estimated through three different models using two data sets, where the first model uses annual mileages per vehicle for all municipalities and the second and third model use toll passages in the five largest cities in Norway. All three models suggest that demand for driving increases with increasing shares of electric vehicles. This thesis argues that because demand for driving increases, the externalities from road traffic increase.
The Public and its Problems

In The Public and Its Problems, a classic of social and political philosophy, John Dewey exhibits his strong faith in the potential of human intelligence to solve the public's problems. In his characteristic provocative style, Dewey clarifies the meaning and implications of such concepts as "the public," "the state," "government," and "political democracy. " He distinguishes his a posterior reasoning from a priori reasoning, which, he argues permeates less meaningful discussion of basic concepts. Dewey repeatedly demonstrates the interrelationships between fact and theory.
Efficiency Analysis in Multi-Stage Network DEAR Models

In many organizations and financial institutions, it is in many cases more cost and time efficient to access ratio data. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMUs) which only have access to ratios of inputs to outputs or vice versa (for instance, ratio of employees to students, ratio of assets to liabilities and ratio of doctors to patients). In this paper, we will propose two-stage network DEA-R model with multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) structures. Then, introducing a production possibility set (PPS) in each network stage, we will compare efficiency values in network DEA and DEA-R. In the end, through an applied study on 22 medical centers which treat special patients in three stages, we will suggest an output-oriented multi-stage network DEA-R model under assumption of CRS technology. The medical centers are evaluated in all three stages based on overall network efficiency. The results of the analysis are presented and a future research in this field is discussed in the final section of the paper.
Crush : A Fortran program for the analysis of the rigid-unit mode spectrum of a framework structure

that in silicates the SiO4 and AlOo tetrahedra are the most for example, the SiOo tetrahedra. These zero-frequency rigid components of a framework structure, and that in solutions give an unambiguous method to determine the diiplacive phase transitions in materials with framework spectrum of these modes (Giddy et al.' 1993). structures, like quartz and feldspar, the structures distort The method we use to determine the RUM spectrum in such a way as to preserve the size and shape of the is the split-atom method (Dove et al', 1992l' Giddy et al.,
Ser ies Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies of the Common g-chain / JAK 3 Signaling Pathway

During the 50 years since the first description of a severe combined immunodeficiency [1] (the term SCID was coined 25 years later by Soothill), an increasing number of genes has been identified whose abnormalities account for this heterogenous group of diseases that are characterized by profound impairment in the development and/or function of both the cellular and the humoral part of the immune system. Affected patients develop severe and/or recurrent infections (often sustained by opportunistic pathogens) early in life. Chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive occur in most patients. SCID is usually fatal unless immune function is restored by successful hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation [2] or gene therapy. The typical immunologic phenotype of the most common form, which affects approximately 1/50±100,000 births and is thus responsible for almost 50% of SCID in humans, is characterized by a lack of circulating T (and natural killer) cells but a normal (to increased) number of B lymphocytes (TB SCID). From a functional point of view, T cells fail to respond to in vitro stimulation with mitogens and to allogeneic cells, and B cells are unable to produce specific antibodies. Histologically, the thymus lacks a clear cortical-medullary differentiation, Hassall's corpuscles are absent, and there is usually a severe depletion of lymphoid tissues. This picture is due to defects in one of two genes encoding two proteins that play a crucial role in cytokineinduced signal transduction in lymphocytes: the common gamma chain [3] and JAK3 [4,5].
Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Taif Chicken Ecotype Using Dense Microsatellites Panel

The current study is the first comprehensive investigation to address the native chicken ecotypes of the Taif region to unravel the genetic diversity using a dense panel of 40 microsatellites (SSR). Blood samples were collected from 25 hens randomly sampled from a village farm at Taif governorate. A total of 147 alleles were detected, with an average of 3.7 alleles per locus. The overall mean of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.43. The average observed heterozygosity (Hobs) of 0.28 was lower than the expected heterozygosity (Hexp) of 0.48. Out of 40l ocionly11 loci showed insignificant deviation from Hardy Weinberg expectation. The ecotypes showed low genetic diversity (HS = 0.65) and a high level of inbreeding (FIS= 0.75). The high FIS is indicative of the endangerment potentiality of this ecotype. Nine SSR showed an inbreeding coefficient of one. The significant estimate of the inbreeding coefficient of the present study calls for an immediate breeding plan to preserve such endangered ecotypes. Results of the present study will provide an initial guide to design further investigations for the development of sustainable genetic improvement and conservation programs for the Taif ecotype genetic resources.
Study on the Moderating Effect of the Employee Psychological Empowerment on the Enterprise Employee Turnover Tendency : Taking Small and Middle Enterprises in Jinan as the Example

In the knowledge economy, the competition among enterprises is the competition about talents in the final analysis, and the intelligence capital becomes the key to build the core competitive advantage of enterprise. However, the abnormal turnover of employee will not only waste the human capital investment of enterprise, but also make against the implementation of the enterprise strategy and the construction of the culture. Based on the Price-Mueller (2000) model, this article adopts the definitions of the control variable, the structured variable, and the environment variable about employee turnover tendency, and creatively introduces the “employee psychological empowerment” as the Moderating variable to design and survey the questionnaire, and uses SPSS to regress in a stepwise way. The test result of the structure model by the empirical research shows that the fair allocation, the promotion opportunity, the monotonous work, the social internal support, and the exterior work chance are main factors to influence the employee turnover tendency, and the employee psychological empowerment could adjust enterprise employees’ turnover tendency. Finally, this article suggests that enterprises should harmonize the relationship between the leader’s authorization behavior and the employee’s psychological empowerment to create healthy enterprise culture and promote effective talent encouragement.
Latest results on diboson and multiboson production from the CMS experiment

Recent measurements of diboson production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, performed by the CMS Collaboration, are summarized. Studies of ZZ production, WZ and WW production at $\sqrt{s} = 13$~TeV, $\mathrm{WV} \to \ell\nu\mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}}$ ($\mathrm{V} = \mathrm{W}^\pm$ or Z, $\ell = \mathrm{e}$ or $\mu$) at $\sqrt{s} = 13$~TeV, and $\mathrm{Z}\gamma \gamma$ and $\mathrm{W}\gamma \gamma$ at $\sqrt{s} = 8$~TeV are reported. Inclusive and differential cross section measurements and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings are reported, as well as a measurement of the $\mathrm{Z} \to 4\ell$ branching fraction.
Income, Economic Structure and Trade: Impacts on Recent Water Use Trends in the European Union

From the mid-1990s to the recent international economic crisis, the European Union (EU27) experienced a significant economic growth and a flat population increase. During these years, the water resources directly used by the EU countries displayed a growing but smooth trend. However, European activities intensively demanded water resources throughout the whole global supply chain. The growth rate of embodied water use was three times higher than the growth in water directly used by these economies. This was mainly due to the large upsurge of virtual water imports in the EU (e.g., about 25% of the change in water imports in the world was directly linked to the increasing imports in the EU27 countries). In this context, we analyze water use changes in the EU27 from 1995 to 2009, combining the production and consumption perspectives. To that aim, we use the environmentally extended input-output approach to obtain the volume of water embodied in domestic production and in trade flows at the sector and country levels. In the empirical analysis, we utilize multi-regional input-output data from the World Input Output Database. In addition, by means of a structural decomposition analysis we identify and quantify the factors explaining changes in these trends. We focus both on the role of domestic production and trade and estimate the associated intensity, technology and scale effects. This analysis is done for different clusters, identifying singular patterns depending on income criteria. Our results confirm the boost of demand growth in that period, the positive but negligible effect of structural change, and the decline in water intensity which, however, was not enough to compensate the effects on water associated to the economic expansion in the period. These findings also point at a gradual substitution of domestic water use for virtual water imports. More concretely, in most countries the food industry tended to reduce its backward linkages with the domestic agricultural sector, increasing the embodied water in agricultural imports from non-European regions.
The dust-free symbiotic Mira K4−46 = LL Cas

Accurate BVR C I C light and colour curves of the Mira variable in the dust-free symbiotic system K4-46 are presented and discussed. They cover several consecutive pulsations cycles. The Mira mean period is 284.2 d, the reddening sums to E(B - V) = 0.35 and the distance is 10 kpc. Absolute spectrophotometry at both maximum and minimum brightness of the Mira is presented. The rich emission line and continuum spectrum of the H II region ionized by the hard radiation of the white dwarf dominates at Mira minimum. From its photoionization analysis, it is found that the H II region extends to a radius of 210 au, has a mass 1.8 x 10 -4 M ⊙ and it is ionized by a white dwarf of 158 000 K temperature and 0.06 R ⊙ radius, stably burning hydrogen at its surface. The derived [Fe/H] = -0.45 well match the ambient metallicity expected at K4-46 at its 15 kpc galactocentric distance, and the overabundances in N, Ne and He are those expected if the H II region is fed by the wind of the Mira and polluted by nuclearly processed material lost by the white dwarf companion.