Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency nurses’ strategies in addressing uncertainty and change in the management of emerging infectious diseases: A grounded theory approach

Background Uncertainty and change are the inevitable challenges facing emergency nurses, as they are bound by the nature of emergency care. During an epidemic event, emergency care settings are intertwined with urgency, uncertainty, and change, which continuously pose challenges to emergency nurses on their capacity to act on their duties in a well-planned and systematic manner. However, there has been a paucity of understanding concerning emergency nurses’ actions and strategies to address the instabilities and vulnerabilities of the circumstance. The present study aimed to explore emergency nurses’ behaviours and strategies in addressing the challenges of uncertainty and change during an epidemic event. Methods A qualitative design based upon a Straussian grounded theory approach was selected as the method of inquiry. A total of 26 emergency nurses from Hong Kong were recruited in the study by purposive and theoretical sampling strategies. Semi-structured, face-to-face, individual interviews were conducted for data collection. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed through the grounded theory coding procedures. The COREQ guidelines were applied in the reporting of the present study. Results Rehearsing for improvisation was revealed as the core category. Four interplaying sub-categories were identified: (a) sensing the unclear situation, (b) equipping for the impending battle, (c) calibrating to the evolving guidelines, and (d) navigating the new role and duties. The nurses demonstrated their prudence to orientate themselves to an ambiguous work situation and displayed the flexibility to embrace changes in their practice, roles, and duties. Conclusions The findings delineate that emergency nurses were required to prepare and equip themselves with skills and strategies to improvise and adapt to the management of an epidemic event. The findings also offer insights into the development of education and training schemes that allow emergency nurses to acquire and augment their abilities of decision-making and problem-solving in public health responses.
Cytotoxic Isoquinoline Quinones from the Thai Sponge Cribrochalina

Three isoquinoline quinones, (+)– N -formyl-1,2-dihydrorenierone (1), O -demethylrenierone (2), and mimosamycin (3), were isolated from the Thai purplish-blue sponge, Cribrochalina sp. The cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines of the three compounds, determined employing the SRB method, was first reported here. It was found that all three were highly active, especially against MCF-7 breast carcinoma and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. Also, this report is the first isolation of (+)-enantiomer of N -formyl-1,2-dihydrorenierone from a naturally occurring source.
The Case of Heritage Management in Italy

In this article we analyze how private partners can be actively involved in preservation-related activities without mining the overarching logic of unitary heritage preservation at the national level, so that public–private partnerships may become effective instruments of cultural policy. We use three Italian cases in which private actors are charged with activities typically under the domain of the public to demonstrate how tasks can be distributed among public and private stakeholders to cooperatively handle projects requiring a high level of coordination, intense competencies, sharing, and integration between partners of different natures. A clear definition of individual players’ responsibility, timing and resource allocation criteria, shared commitment, and bottom-up approaches are important elements in fostering success in the public–private partnerships. In the past few years, governments have gradually reduced their span of control over an increasing number of sectors (Megginson and Netter 2001). Privately owned enterprises have been allowed to operate or to set up partnerships with governments in industries previously belonging to the public sector. The main 58 DubInI, LeOne, & FOrtI (ItALy) argument for privatization states that governments have few incentives to ensure that the enterprises they own are well run and that involvement of private partners will determine an increase in efficiency benefitting both investors and consumers, as increased efficiency and competition will lead to better products and services and lower prices. In this study we focus on the debate on the privatization, or, as it is more appropriately called, désétatisation (Schuster 1998; Zan et al. 2007), of built heritage, to discuss possible roles for private and public partners on the basis of three in-depth case analyses of public–private partnership in Italy in a sector largely characterized by market failures and relatively low appeal to private partners. From a managerial perspective, the study addresses the challenges associated with the management of hybrid organizations, mingling public and private interests in business settings characterized by high fixed costs, highly specialized competences, and complex institutional frameworks (Ferlie et al. 1996). We define built heritage as “the human-made historic environment, historic buildings, ancient monuments and archaeological sites, historic gardens and designed landscapes, battlefields, industrial buildings and historic wrecks” (Casey et al. 1996).
Length Reduction of Larval Yellow Perch and Freshwater Amphipods in RNAlater Solution

Abstract Use of RNAlater (Ambion, Inc.) solution to preserve whole organisms for nucleic acid analysis is gaining popularity, in part because it effectively preserves both RNA and DNA without the need for freezing the organism. Similar preservatives have been shown to cause short-term changes in animal length, and such changes must be accounted for as analyses progress. We examined the rates and degrees of shrinkage for freshwater amphipods Diporeia spp. and larval yellow perch Perca flavescens after preservation in RNAlater solution in comparison with more common preservatives. We found that after 2 months of preservation, Diporeia shrank by 3% in RNAlater versus gaining length by 5% in diluted ethanol and by 1% in diluted formaldehyde. After 5.5 months of preservation, larval yellow perch lengths decreased by 23% in RNAlater, 10% in diluted ethanol, 12% in diluted formaldehyde, and 19% when frozen in water. Overall length reduction for Diporeia and larval yellow perch was significantly greater in RNAlat.
EFFECTS OF THE COOKING PROCESS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AROMATIC RED RICE WINE

Fermentation tests were performed with cooked and/or uncooked, polished aromatic red rice (Oryza sativa var. Indica, Tapol) and aromatic red rice bran using compressed baker's yeast and a preparation of glucoamylase produced by Rhizopus, sp. as saccharifying agent. The quality in terms of both aroma and taste of the red rice wine made with uncooked, unpolished aromatic red rice was much higher than that of rice wine made with cooked, unpolished aromatic red rice. However, the bran fraction of aromatic red rice was fairly resistant to the cooking process and this fraction was hardly affected or degraded by the cooking process. Furthermore, the bran fraction improved the quality of rice wine made from mash that contained cooked, polished rice which had a rather lower-quality aroma. In red rice wine brewing, the polished rice fraction of aromatic red rice may suffer from undesirable effects during the cooking process.
Attentional compensation in neurodegenerative diseases: the model of premanifest Huntington's disease mutation carriers

The ability of the brain to actively cope with neuropathological insults is known as neural compensation. It explains the delayed appearance of cognitive symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast to the neural signature of compensation, its cognitive counterpart is largely unknown due to the difficulty of identifying cognitive dysfunctions concealed by compensation mechanisms. We combined computational modelling and neuroanatomical analysis to explore cognitive compensation. We used Huntington's disease (HD) as a genetic model of neurodegenerative disease allowing to study compensation in premanifest mutation carriers (preHDs) free from overt cognitive deficits despite incipient brain atrophy. Twenty preHDs, 28 HD patients and 45 controls performed a discrimination task. We investigated the processes underlying cognitive compensation using drift diffusion models. They assume that the discrimination process relies on the accumulation of evidence at a certain rate and terminates when a response threshold is reached. HD patients' performances were lower than controls' and explained by a higher response threshold and a lower accumulation rate compared to controls. PreHDs performed similarly to controls but had a response threshold between those of controls and HD patients. This nascent increase in response threshold predicted the accumulation rate, which was faster than controls. This suggests that the higher accumulation rate conceals the nascent deficit in response threshold corroborating the capacity of the brain to resist neuropathological insults in preHDs. The higher accumulation rate was associated with parietal hypertrophy in mutation carriers, and with higher hippocampal volumes in preHDs suggesting that cognitive compensation may rely on attentional capacities.
Synthesis of novel graft polyhydroxyalkanoates

Graft copolymers were synthesized by direct condensation of methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG) or methoxy-poly(lactic acid) (MePLA) onto a reactive polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) backbone in organic solvent. Side carboxylic groups of the PHA were coupled with end hydroxyl groups of MePEG or MePLA in the presence of N,N'-dicylohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Graft copolymers were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). NMR spectra of PHA-g-PEG and PHA-g-PLA showed the presence of significant amounts of PEG and PLA, respectively. No noticeable unreacted PEG or PLA were detected in SEC chromatograms. Grafting of hydrophilic polymers chains as PEG or biodegradable oligomers as PLA onto PHA backbone will generate polyesters with a more rapid water uptake and faster biodegradation rates. These PHA polymers conjugates could be interesting for bioactive agent delivery systems.
SWATH-MS based proteomic profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumours reveals the interplay between the extracellular matrix and related intracellular pathways

Pancreatic cancer accounts for 2.8% of new cancer cases worldwide and is projected to become by 2030 the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Patients of African ancestry appear to be at an increased risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with worse severity and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to map the proteomic and genomic landscape of a cohort of PDAC patients of African ancestry. Thirty tissues (15 tumours and 15 normal adjacent tissues) were obtained from consenting South African PDAC patients. Optimisation of the sample preparation method allowed for the simultaneous extraction of high-purity protein and DNA for SWATH-MS and OncoArray SNV analyses. We quantified 3402 proteins with 49 upregulated and 35 downregulated proteins at a minimum 2.1 fold change and FDR adjusted p-value (q-value) [≤] 0.01 when comparing tumour to normal adjacent tissue. Many of the upregulated proteins in the tumour samples are involved in extracellular matrix formation (ECM) and related intracellular pathways. Proteins such as EMIL1, ZCCHV and KBTB2 involved in the regulation of ECM proteins were observed to be dysregulated in pancreatic tumours. Approximately 11% of the dysregulated proteins, including ISLR, BP1, PTK7 and OLFL3, were predicted to be secretory proteins. Additionally, we identified missense mutations in some upregulated proteins, such as MYPN, ESTY2 and SERPINB8. These findings help in further elucidating the biology of PDAC and may aid in identifying future plausible markers for the disease.
Dynamics of COVID-19 under social distancing measures are driven by transmission network structure

In the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, social distancing is being used worldwide to curb the spread of COVID-19. The impact of these measures has been inconsistent, with some regions rapidly nearing disease elimination and others seeing delayed peaks or nearly flat epidemic curves. Here we build a stochastic epidemic model to examine the effects of COVID-19 clinical progression and transmission network structure on the outcomes of social distancing interventions. We find that the strength of within-household transmission is a critical determinant of success, governing the timing and size of the epidemic peak, the rate of decline, individual risks of infection, and the success of partial relaxation measures. The structure of residual external connections, driven by workforce participation and essential businesses, interacts to determine outcomes. These findings can improve future predictions of the timescale and efficacy of interventions needed to control similar outbreaks, and highlight the need for better quantification and control of household transmission.
The impact of school reopening on the spread of COVID-19 in England

By mid-May 2020, cases of COVID-19 in the UK had been declining for over a month; a multi-phase emergence from lockdown was planned, including a scheduled partial reopening of schools on 1 June 2020. Although evidence suggests that children generally display mild symptoms, the size of the school-age population means the total impact of reopening schools is unclear. Here, we present work from mid-May 2020 that focused on the imminent opening of schools and consider what these results imply for future policy. We compared eight strategies for reopening primary and secondary schools in England. Modifying a transmission model fitted to UK SARS-CoV-2 data, we assessed how reopening schools affects contact patterns, anticipated secondary infections and the relative change in the reproduction number, R. We determined the associated public health impact and its sensitivity to changes in social distancing within the wider community. We predicted that reopening schools with half-sized classes or focused on younger children was unlikely to push R above one. Older children generally have more social contacts, so reopening secondary schools results in more cases than reopening primary schools, while reopening both could have pushed R above one in some regions. Reductions in community social distancing were found to outweigh and exacerbate any impacts of reopening. In particular, opening schools when the reproduction number R is already above one generates the largest increase in cases. Our work indicates that while any school reopening will result in increased mixing and infection amongst children and the wider population, reopening schools alone in June 2020 was unlikely to push R above one. Ultimately, reopening decisions are a difficult trade-off between epidemiological consequences and the emotional, educational and developmental needs of children. Into the future, there are difficult questions about what controls can be instigated such that schools can remain open if cases increase. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK’.
In War’s Wake

Abstract This study examines war trauma experienced by Eritrean youth, their psychological symptoms, and contextual factors related to their psychosocial well-being in the postwar environment in Eritrea. The youth offered retrospective accounts of trauma experiences in semistructured interviews that included open- and closed-ended questions and the administration of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Among the ninety-seven youth in this school-based sample from four regions of Eritrea, exposure to trauma and economic hardship were significant predictors of psychological distress. Refugee status did not predict lower symptom levels, a factor related to the stressors encountered in exile as well as to the earlier war events that forced the youth and their families to flee their country. For many youth, grief over the loss of parents and close relatives was not resolved. The youth were generally positive about the future, both personal/. v and in the context of a free and independent Eritrea. This article suggests that the intrapsychic post-traumatic stress disorder framework may be too narrow for conceptualizing war trauma, which is essentially psychosocial in nature, and deeply contextualized in a community’s socioeconomic and political realities of conflict and its aftermath. Expanding this knowledge base is important in order to ensure that practitioners and policy makers can effectively assist youth and their families with the postconflict tasks of healing and reintegration, essential elements of building a lasting peace.
Age-Related Changes in the Activity of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and its Application as a Marker of Prefledging Maturity of Nestlings in Wild Passerines

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) may be a valuable indicator of skeletal development in wild birds. However, the information about age-related dynamics of ALP isoforms in passerines is very scanty. We examined age-related changes in the activity of bone ALP and liver ALP and tested the applicability of these isoenzymes as indicators of chick maturity in randomly selected nestlings of a small passerine bird, the Great Tit (Parus major). Bone ALP activity was elevated in the middle of the nestling period (day 8), when skeletal growth is assumed to be most rapid, and declined significantly during the prefledging stage (day 15 posthatch). Bone ALP activity at this age was positively and highly significantly related to the overall duration of nestling period and negatively and less significantly related to wing length and body mass. All three morphological traits of the 15-day-old nestlings were nearly significantly negatively correlated with the duration of the nestling period. Liver ALP activity neither changed with nestling age nor was related to nestling morphology. We suggest that prefledging activity of bone ALP is a more reliable indicator of nestling maturity than traditionally used morphological measurements.
Properties of Chlamydomonas Photosystem II Core Complex with a His-Tag at the C-Terminus of the D2 Protein

A His-tagged PSII core complex was purified from recombinant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D2-H thylakoids by single-step Ni2+-affinity column chromatography and its properties were partially characterized in terms of their PSII functions and chemical compositions. The PSII core complex that has a His-tag extension at the C-terminus of the D2 protein evolved oxygen at a high rate of 2,400 ^mol (mg Chi)"1 h"1 at the optimum pH of 6.5 with ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone as electron acceptors in the presence of Ca 2+ as an essential cofactor, and approximately 90% of the activity was blocked by 10 /M DCMU. The core complex exhibited the thermoluminescence Q-band but not the B-band regardless of the presence or absence of DCMU, although both bands were observed in the His-tagged thylakoids. The core complex was free from PSI and contained one YD, Tyr 160 of the D2 protein, four Mn atoms, two cytochrome b-559, about 46 Chi a molecules, and probably one QA, the primary acceptor quinone of PSII. It was inferred from these results that His-tagging at the C-terminus of the D2 protein does not affect the functional and structural integrity of the PSII core complex, and that the 'His-tag strategy' is highly useful for biochemical, physicochemical, and structural studies of Chlamydomonas PSII.
The Summary Loop: Learning to Write Abstractive Summaries Without Examples

This work presents a new approach to unsupervised abstractive summarization based on maximizing a combination of coverage and fluency for a given length constraint. It introduces a novel method that encourages the inclusion of key terms from the original document into the summary: key terms are masked out of the original document and must be filled in by a coverage model using the current generated summary. A novel unsupervised training procedure leverages this coverage model along with a fluency model to generate and score summaries. When tested on popular news summarization datasets, the method outperforms previous unsupervised methods by more than 2 R-1 points, and approaches results of competitive supervised methods. Our model attains higher levels of abstraction with copied passages roughly two times shorter than prior work, and learns to compress and merge sentences without supervision.
“Analyzing the Effect with Integrated Technique for Feature Selection and Software Defect Prediction”

software defect prediction (sdp) technique was projected to designate testing assets sanely, decide the testing want of assorted modules of the software system, and improve programming quality. By utilizing the implications of sdp, programming specialists will fruitfully pass judgment on it that software system modules area unit sure to be blemished, the conceivable range of imperfections in a very module or different information known with software system defects before testing the software system [1]. Existing sdp studies may be divided into four types: (1) classification, (2) regression, (3) mining association rules, (4) ranking. The primary aim of the primary class is to classification of the software system entities like functions, classes, files, etc into completely different levels of severity with the assistance of various applied math techniques like supply regression [2] and discriminant analysis [3] and techniques of machine learning like svm [4] and ann [5]. The second kind aims to assess the amount of imperfections within the components of the software system by victimisation completely different ways, for instance, genetic programming, and support vector regression [6]. The third category utilizes association rule mining approaches, for instance, relative affiliation rule [7], and also the cba2 algorithmic rule, to mine the affiliation between the errors of programming components and programming measurements. The fourth category contemplates to rank the product of the software system as per the amount of errors in components or specifically streamlining the performance of ranking, i.e., faults share average (fpa) as indicated by existing studies of sdp [8]. Sdp distinguishes the modules that area unit imperfect and it needs a large scope of testing. Early recognizable proof of a blunder prompts viable allotment of assets, decreases the time and value of developing software system of high-quality. Hence, associate degree sdp model assumes a vital job in comprehending, assessing and rising the character of a product framework. Consequently, predicting deformity is incredibly basic within the field of reliableness and quality of software system. Predicting the defects is almost a unique analysis space of programming quality planning. By covering key indicators, forms of info to be assembled and also the role of sdp in software system quality, the connection among predictor and defect may be established