Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities of C-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet

The human diet contains a wide variety of plant-derived flavonoids, many of which are glycosylated via an O- or less commonly a C-glycosidic linkage. The distribution, quantity, and biological effects of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet have received little attention in the literature in comparison to their O-linked counterparts, however, despite being present in many common foodstuffs. The structural nature, nomenclature, and distribution of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the human diet are, therefore, reviewed. Forty-three dietary flavonoids are revealed to be C-glycosylated, arising from the dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol backbones, and distributed among edible fruits, cereals, leaves, and stems. C-linked sugar groups are shown to include arabinose, galactose, glucose, rutinose, and xylose, often being present more than once on a single flavonoid backbone and occasionally in tandem with O-linked glucose or rutinose groups. The pharmacokinetic fate of these compounds is discussed with particular reference to their apparent lack of interaction with hydrolytic mechanisms known to influence the fate of O-glycosylated dietary flavonoids, explaining the unusual but potentially important appearance of intact C-glycosylated flavonoid metabolites in human urine following oral administration. Finally, the potential biological significance of these compounds is reviewed, describing mechanisms of antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, and hepatoprotective effects.
Perphenazine-Associated Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State.

AUTHOR DISCLOSURE INFORMATION Drs Rocha and Hara have served as investigators for research funded by Roche, Servier, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, and Pfizer. The authors have no source of funding. Dr Rocha is a principal investigator in clinical trials (currently for Roche and Servier, previously for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, and Pfizer). Dr Hara is a subinvestigator in clinical trials (currently for Roche and Servier, previously for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, and Pfizer).
A novel edge-based criterion for determining the number of thresholds for multilevel image thresholding

In order to determine the appropriate number of thresholds that a grey-level image should be thresholded by so that the resulting image preserves as much information as possible from the original image using the least possible bits, we propose in this paper, a novel criterion for multilevel image thresholding. The criterion is a weighted sum of within-class variance and the number of edge pixels in the thresholded image. To determine the appropriate number of thresholds, an image has to be thresholded iteratively with increasing number of thresholds by any standard thresholding method and the solution that minimizes the proposed criterion is chosen as the appropriate solution. We also present an efficient technique to compute the number of edge pixels. Experiments on a variety of real-world images show that the proposed criterion gives visually more consistent results compared to the most widely used automatic thresholding criterion proposed by Yen et al. (1995).
Development of a new laser-line and CCD based optical-CT scanner for the readout of 3D radiation dosimeters

We present initial results on the comparison of the dose readout from a three dimensional polymer gel dosimeter using two different optical-CT systems; i) a common wide field and a wide area detector optical-CT system and ii) a new 'laser-line' and wide area detector based optical-CT system. The findings presented herein highlight the advantage of the laser based over the wide field optical-CT concept for the readout of scattering 3D dosimeters. Moreover, the new 'laser-line' based optical-CT system overcomes the disadvantage of the long acquisition times required by the existing laser-based instruments.
Indirect output voltage regulation of DC-DC boost converter with accurate parameter estimation

A DC/DC boost converter exhibits highly nonlinear properties and subjects to certain uncertainties, like load change, input voltage variation, and parametric uncertainties. This paper first presents an improved accurate model of the converters, including the parasitic elements and model uncertainties, which are usually existed in actual systems but not (or not sufficiently) considered in most of the literatures. In view of the non-minimum phase nature of boost converter, a new indirect control scheme is proposed, in which the output voltage is indirectly controlled by tracking a corresponding inductor reference current. An integrated direct/indirect adaptive robust controller (DIARC) is presented to achieve both accurate parameter estimation and perfect current tracking in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities. With an accurate parameter estimation, the corresponding inductor reference current can be precisely calculated. A rigorous theoretical proving is given and simulation results shows the effectiveness of the proposed controller and control scheme.
Realisierungsformen des Geschäftsprozessmanagements - Eine explorative Klassifikationsanalyse

Das Konzept des Geschaftsprozessmanagements (Business Process Management, BPM) lasst sich nicht auf einen einzigen, allgemeingultigen und in jeder Situation anwendbaren Ansatz zuruckfuhren. Deshalb werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Analyse bezuglich der Art und Weise, wie Unternehmen das prozessorientierte Managementkonzept adaptieren, vorgestellt. Dabei werden vier Gestaltungsfaktoren des BPM abgeleitet: das Ausmass der Performance-Messung, die Professionalisierung des BPM, der Einfluss der Prozessverantwortlichen und die Nutzung etablierter Standards und Methoden. Auf dieser Grundlage wird eine Clusteranalyse durchgefuhrt, die der Identifikation von vier disjunkten Realisierungsformen des BPM dient. Diese Ansatze lassen sich gemass den drei Beschreibungsdimensionen Reifegrad, Gestaltungstyp und zugemessene Bedeutung in eine BPM-Typologie-Matrix einordnen.
Psychological kinship, love, and liking: preliminary validity data.

Psychological kinship refers to valuing significant others as though they were members of one's own family. This construct has many implications for human relationships, including the client-therapist relationship (Bailey, 1988). A 60-item Kinship Scale was developed and administered to 63 undergraduates (39 females; 24 males), along with several other independent measures of sociality (Rubin Love and Liking scales; EPPS Affiliation, Nurturance, and Succorance scales; abbreviated UCLA Loneliness Scale) and the Spiritual Well-Being scales. Subjects took the Kinship, Love, and Liking scales under two cognitive sets, "closest family member" and "acquaintance," while the other scales were taken in regular fashion. The Kinship, Love, and Liking scales were all sensitive to the cognitive sets and appropriately yielded higher mean values and higher correlations with the independent measures vis-à-vis the "closest family member" as opposed to "acquaintance. " Significant sex differences were noted, with stronger correlation patterns for males than females. Overall, the Kinship Scale performed very well and shows considerable promise for future research.
A FPGA Based Platform for Multi-Frequency Eddy Current Testing

We developed a highly integrated, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based digital multi-frequency eddy current platform which is capable of detecting surface breaking and subsurface cracks in non-magnetic plates. Excitation signal generation, receiving signal demodulation, and USB communication were all implemented inside a Xilinx FPGA (Spartan III). Multi-frequency test results provide rich information about a crack and form the base for crack characterization and identification.
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN SOUTH ASIA

Intrauterine growth and development is one of the most vulnerable process in the human life cycle and it’s aberrations can result in profound and lasting influence in later life. In the context of developing countries, intrauterine growth has been invariably assessed by birth weight. Although it may be reasonable to infer that fetuses who have experienced growth restriction in utero will be lighter and smaller, it must be understood that size at birth does not completely reflect growth. The suitability of utilizing only birth weight as an indicator of fetal growth has been debated and criticized. However, it is sometimes the only measure available, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO), on the basis of world wide data, had recommended that newborns with birth weight less than 2500 g may be considered to fall in the low birth weight (LBW) category carrying relatively greater risks of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and substandard growth and development in later life. The validity of this definition and the “cut off point” of 2500 g has been occasionally challenged; but has by and large now gained general acceptance. The latest WHO recommendation has retained this “cut off point” of 2500 g to define LBW and recommended an additional demarcation of 1500 g, to define very low birth weight (VLBW) babies. LBW infants encompass a heterogeneous population of newborns. Broadly, the birth weights may be low because the baby is born small for gestational age (SGA), as a result of intrauterine growth retardation (synonym intrauterine malnutrition) (IUGR) or because birth is preterm. In the developed countries, the overwhelming majority of LBW infants are preterms, whereasin the developing nations, including South Asia, the reverse is the case. The great majority of newborns with LBW are full term infants who are SGA. Attempts have also been made to further classify IUGR as disproportionate or proportionate on the basis of Ponderal index (weight/length3). Disproportionate IUGR infants have a low ponderal index whereas proportionate IUGR babies have a normal ponderal index (all body dimensions proportionately small). On the basis of available evidence, the ensuing sections will examine the nature, consequences and causes of LBW in the South Asian subcontinent and evaluate the various options for action to address this major public health problem in the region.
Hesr1 and Hesr2 regulate atrioventricular boundary formation in the developing heart through the repression of Tbx2

The establishment of chamber specificity is an essential requirement for cardiac morphogenesis and function. Hesr1 (Hey1) and Hesr2 (Hey2) are specifically expressed in the atrium and ventricle, respectively, implicating these genes in chamber specification. In our current study, we show that the forced expression of Hesr1 or Hesr2 in the entire cardiac lineage of the mouse results in the reduction or loss of the atrioventricular (AV) canal. In the Hesr1-misexpressing heart, the boundaries of the AV canal are poorly defined, and the expression levels of specific markers of the AV myocardium, Bmp2 and Tbx2, are either very weak or undetectable. More potent effects were observed in Hesr2-misexpressing embryos, in which the AV canal appears to be absent entirely. These data suggest that Hesr1 and Hesr2 may prevent cells from expressing the AV canal-specific genes that lead to the precise formation of the AV boundary. Our findings suggest that Tbx2 expression might be directly suppressed by Hesr1 and Hesr2. Furthermore, we find that the expression of Hesr1 and Hesr2 is independent of Notch2 signaling. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Hesr1 and Hesr2 play crucial roles in AV boundary formation through the suppression of Tbx2.
Semiquantitative GATA-3 immunoreactivity in breast, bladder, gynecologic tract, and other cytokeratin 7-positive carcinomas.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate GATA-3 immunohistochemical expression semiquantitatively in breast, gynecologic, gastric, pancreatic-biliary tract, urothelial, and vulvar/cervical squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS GATA-3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 198 invasive breast carcinomas on tissue microarrays. Tissue microarrays of other tissues included 144 gynecologic tumors, 28 bladder carcinomas, 63 cholangiocarcinomas, 20 pancreatic carcinomas, and 62 gastric carcinomas. Full tissue sections of 10 invasive squamous cell carcinomas were also stained. GATA-3 expression was semiquantitatively scored using an H-score method. H-score greater than 10 was considered a positive result. RESULTS Of 186 breast carcinomas, 95% were positive (mean H-score of 217). GATA-3 expression was uncommon in 139 nonsquamous gynecologic tumors, with often weak reactivity (mean H-score <50) seen in 18% of endocervical, 7% of endometrial, and 10% of ovarian tumors. Six (60%) of 10 squamous cell carcinomas expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score of 102). Of 22 urothelial carcinomas, 95% expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score of 170). A few cholangiocarcinomas (3%), pancreatic adenocarcinomas (10%), and gastric carcinomas (2%) weakly expressed GATA-3 (mean H-score <50). CONCLUSIONS Strong GATA-3 expression is a reliable marker of primary breast carcinoma in the appropriate clinical context. GATA-3 reactivity in around 70% of triple-negative breast carcinomas is also clinically useful. Significant reactivity in gynecologic squamous cell carcinomas suggests that GATA-3 alone cannot reliably distinguish these tumors from urothelial carcinoma.
Role of dopamine D 2 and D 2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens movements of rats: a critical role of the shell

Given the differences in the dopamine neurotransmission between the shell and the core of the nucleus accumbens, as well as the differential involvement of these two domains in oral behaviour of rats, it was decided to determine whether or not dopamine Dj an d /o r dopamine D 2 receptors differentially direct oral behaviour in these two domains in rats. Intra-accumbens injections of the dopamine D, receptor agonist ( + )-6-chloro-7,S-dihydroxy-3-alIyl-1 -phenyl-2,3,4,5-letrahydro-l/7-3-benzazepine (SKF 82958: 5 jiig/0.2 /¿I), the dopamine D 2 receptor agonist quinpirole (10 ju,g/0.2 ¡j. 1) and their combination were used to assess the role of these accumbens domains in jaw movements of rats. The present study shows that the combined administration of SKF 82958 and quinpirole into the shell, but not the core, of the nucleus accumbens produced a highly significant increase in jaw movements, when doses which per se were nearly ineffective, were injected. This effect was fully inhibited by prior administra­ tion of either the dopamine D [ receptor antagonist 7M + )-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l //-3-benzazepine (SCH 23390: 0.5 ¿¿g/0.2 ¡Mg) or the dopamine D 2 receptor antagonist (-)-su lp iride (25 ng/0.5 /xl) into the same region. It is concluded that dopamine D, and D 2 receptors in the shell, but not the core, of the nucleus accumbens are involved in jaw movements of the rat, providing the first piece of evidence that dopamine Dj and D 2 receptors in the shell o f the nucleus accumbens mediate a particular behaviour.
The BCR-ABL 1 Kinase Bypasses Selection for the Expression of a Pre – B Cell Receptor in Pre – B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

The BCR-ABL1 kinase expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) drives malignant transformation of human pre–B cells. Comparing genome-wide gene expression profiles of BCR ABL1 pre–B ALL and normal bone marrow pre–B cells by serial analysis of gene expression, many genes involved in pre–B cell receptor signaling are silenced in the leukemia cells. Although normal pre–B cells are selected for the expression of a functional pre–B cell receptor, BCRABL1 ALL cells mostly do not harbor a productively rearranged IGH allele. In these cases, we identified traces of secondary V H gene rearrangements, which may have rendered an initially productive V H region gene nonfunctional. Even BCR-ABL1 ALL cells harboring a functional V H region gene are unresponsive to pre–B cell receptor engagement and exhibit autonomous oscillatory Ca 2 signaling activity. Conversely, leukemia subclones surviving inhibition of BCR-ABL1 by STI571 restore responsiveness to antigen receptor engagement and differentiate into immature B cells expressing immunoglobulin light chains. BCR-ABL1 kinase activity is linked to defective pre–B cell receptor signaling and the expression of a truncated isoform of the pre–B cell receptor–associated linker molecule SLP65 . Also in primary leukemia cells, truncated SLP65 is expressed before but not after treatment of the patients with STI571. We conclude that inhibition of BCR-ABL1 reconstitutes selection for leukemia cells expressing a functional (pre–) B cell receptor.
Texture Classification Using Spectral Histogram Representations and SVMs

In this paper, we present a classifying method using spectral histogram representations and support vector machines (SVMs) for texture features. Each image window is represented by its spectral histogram, which is a feature vector consisting of histograms of filtered image. A Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) is chosen on the spectral histogram representation and the SVM is used as classifying function. Comparison experiments between the proposed method and the other two methods: Gabor filtering and independent component analysis (ICA) are performed. The results indicate that the proposed method is an efficient approach for texture classification
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Murray Valley encephalitis virus and West Nile virus (Kunjin subtype) from an arbovirus disease outbreak in horses in Victoria, Australia, in 2011

Virus was detected in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue of 11 horses from Victoria that died displaying neurological symptoms during an outbreak of disease in Australia in 2011. Five horses were identified as being infected with Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and 6 as being infected with West Nile virus subtype Kunjin (WNVKUN). Analysis of partial sequence information from the NS5 and E genes indicated that the MVEVs within the samples were highly homogenous and all belonged to lineage I, which is enzootic to the tropical regions of northern Australia. Likewise, analysis of partial NS5 and E gene and full genome sequences indicated that the WNVKUN within the samples were also highly homogenous and clustered with WNV lineage 1, clade b, which is consistent with other WNVKUN isolates. Full genomes of 1 MVEV isolate and 2 WNVKUN isolates were sequenced and characterized. The genome sequences of Victorian WNVKUN are almost identical (3 amino acid differences) to that of the recently sequenced WNV isolate WNVNSW2011. Metagenome sequencing directly from CNS tissue identified the presence of WNVKUN and MVEV within infected CNS tissue.
Measuring user experience of websites: think aloud protocols and an emotion word prompt list

To develop simple yet effective methods for eliciting user experience of websites and other interactive technologies, we explored the use of two techniques: an emotional think aloud protocol and an emotion word prompt list (EWPL). A study of four websites with 16 participants found that a retrospective emotional think aloud protocol produced significantly more emotion words than an equivalent concurrent protocol; plus, with on average 40 emotion words per website, it appears an effective technique for eliciting users emotional reactions to websites. Surprisingly, the use of the EWPL did not produce more emotion words per website, but may still help users overcome their difficulties in expressing emotional reactions to websites when unprompted. Further research will explore the use of these methods with other interactive technologies.
An exploratory assessment of tourism sustainability in Croatian coastal destinations

This paper applies an indicator system for evaluating the sustainability of tourism in Croatian coastal tourist destinations. The applied indicator system is based on the guidelines provided by the World Tourism Organization, EUROSTAT, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the European Union Tourism Sustainability Group. To simplify measurement and facilitate comparative analyses between analyzed destinations, synthetic indicators are constructed based on normalized indicator data and multivariate analysis-based indicator weights. The results in this paper are a first, though still rough, quantification of tourism sustainability in Croatia.
Decreasing pediatric patient anxiety about radiology imaging tests: prospective evaluation of an educational intervention

This trial investigated anxiety levels and effect of an educational coloring book (CB) among pediatric patients about to undergo radiology imaging tests. Control group (N = 101) and intervention group (N = 175) children ages 3—10 years and their parents were surveyed to determine anxiety levels before the imaging test, with the intervention group being surveyed after patient and parental review of the CB. Anxiety was low for all subjects overall compared with findings from previously published literature, perhaps related to systemic measures to make children’s hospitals more child friendly in recent years. Review of the CB was not associated with decreased anxiety among patients or parents. However, among a subgroup with higher baseline parental anxiety, there was a trend toward lower patient anxiety in the intervention group. Most parents indicated that the CB was informative and helped them and their child be less worried, and that they were pleased to have received the CB.
Measurement of whole temporal lobe and hippocampus for MR volumetry

We measured the volumes of the entire length of temporal lobe and hippocampal formation from coronal images in 29 healthy young adults to take into account normal side-to-side variation. Although whole-brain, temporal lobe, and left hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller in women, normalizing measurements for the whole brain eliminated intersex temporal lobe and hippocampal differences. There was a weak but significant inverse correlation between age and normalized hippocampal, but not temporal lobe or whole-brain, volume. In contrast to previous studies, we found no significant side-to-side differences in the sizes of temporal lobes or hippocampi. When performing MR volumetry, it is important to include the entire length of the hippocampal formation.
Preadmission Anesthesia Consultation Using Telemedicine Technology: A Pilot Study

TELEMEDICINE has been defined as the delivery of healthcare and sharing of medical knowledge over a distance using telecommunications systems. 1 It uses modern high-speed telecommunication systems that allow interactive video-mediated clinical consultations. Telemedicine enables the delivery of healthcare irrespective of geographic location or ability to travel to tertiary healthcare centers. 2 In Canada, a significant population lives in remote regions away from tertiary care centers. At Toronto Western Hospital, 15% of patients are referred from remote regions. Telemedicine can potentially reduce travel costs and improve accessibility to health care. Although telemedicine has been used by other medical and surgical specialties, there have been no reports in the literature evaluating telemedicine technology for anesthesia consultations. 3-5 We report the technical aspects and implementation of telemedicine anesthesia consultation, the first 10 patients interviewed, and their satisfaction regarding telemedicine consultations.