Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational gauged 
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 model and its implication to the muon 
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We study the flavor dependent $U(1)_{B_i-L_j}$ models, where an $i$th generation of quarks and $j(\neq i)$th generation of leptons are charged. By solving the anomaly free condition for the matter sector of the SM fermions and three generations of right-handed (RH) neutrinos, we find that the $j$th generation of RH neutrino is not necessarily charged under the $U(1)_{B_i-L_j}$ gauge symmetry with the charge $-1$ and the other (neither $i$th nor $j$th) generation of RH neutrino can also be. As a general solution for the anomaly cancellation conditions, the other two RN neutrinos than the charge $-1$ RH neutrino may have non-vanishing charge and be stable due to the gauge invariance, and hence it is a candidate for dark matter (DM) in our Universe. We apply this result to a $B_3-L_2$ model and consider a light thermal DM and a solution to the muon $g-2$ anomaly. We identify the parameter region to have the DM mass range from MeV to sub-GeV and simultaneously solve the muon $g-2$ anomaly. We also derive the constraints on the gauge kinetic mixing parameter by using the latest Borexino phase-II data.
Robust and Accurate Nonrigid Point Set Registration Algorithm to Accommodate Anisotropic Positional Localization Error Based on Coherent Point Drift

Nonrigid point set (PS) registration is an outstanding and fundamental problem in the fields of robotics, computer vision, medical image analysis, and image-guided surgery (IGS). The aim of a nonrigid registration problem is to align together two point sets where one has been deformed. The assumption of isotropic localization error is shared in the previous nonrigid registration algorithms. In this article, we have derived and presented a novel nonrigid registration algorithm, where the position localization error (PLE) is generalized to be anisotropic, which means that the error distribution is not the same in different spatial directions. The motivation of considering the anisotropic characteristic is that the PLE is actually different in three spatial directions in real applications of registrations, such as IGS. Mathematically, the difficulty in dealing with the anisotropic error case comes from the change from a standard deviation that is a scalar to a covariance matrix. The formulas for updating the parameters in both expectation and maximization steps are derived. More specifically, in the expectation step, we compute the posterior probabilities that represent the correspondences between points in two PSs. In the maximization step, given the current posteriors, the covariance matrix of the PLE and the nonrigid transformation are updated. To further speed up the proposed algorithm, the low-rank approximation variation of our method is also presented. We have demonstrated through experiments on both general and medical data sets (corrupted with noise) that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in terms of registration accuracy and robustness to noise. More specifically, all the experimental results have passed the statistical tests at the 5% significance level. Note to Practitioners—This article was motivated by solving the problem of nonrigidly registering two point sets where one has been deformed and corrupted with anisotropic noise. Most existing registration methods generally assume the positional error to be the same in all directions, which in fact is not the case in real scenarios. This article presents a new robust method that assumes the positional error to be anisotropic, which is the case in point sets coming from the stereo reconstruction. The nonrigid registration problem is formulated as a maximum-likelihood (ML) problem and solved with the expectation–maximization (EM) technique. We have demonstrated through extensive experiments on both general and medical data sets that the proposed registration algorithm achieves significantly improved accuracy, robustness to noise, and outliers compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. The algorithm is particularly suitable for biomedical applications involving the registration, such as medical imaging and image-guided surgery (IGS).
Theory of Hydrogen Deposition and Evolution on Cu(111) Electrodes

The amount of under-potential-deposited (UPD) H(ads), if it forms on Cu(111), is small compared to what forms on Pt(111). According to experimental literature, current density on polycrystalline copper increases slowly in the over-potential-deposited (OPD) potential range beginning at 0 V and rises rapidly at several hundred mV negative potential. Using a comprehensive density functional theory for the electrochemical interface, including Fermi level shifts, in this article we attribute this behavior to calculated weak H adsorption which requires the potential to be reduced to ∼ 0.0 V(SHE) in order for H(ads) deposition to commence. A literature estimate, based on exchange current densities, of the activation energy for H 2 evolution at 0 V is ∼ 0.32 eV. As the coverage increases with increasingly negative potentials, we calculate the H adsorption energy decreases at a rate 0.27 eV/V for Cu(111), and this will decrease the effective activation energy. We propose that the observed rapid increase in current density at approximately − 0.4 V corresponds to ∼ 0.5 ML coverage by H(ads) and reﬂects the decreasing activation energy at more negative potentials. We also relate our calculated ﬁndings to the literature for electroless copper deposition and to literature for palladium-doped copper as a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Zigzag Single Wall (8,0), (9,0), and (10,0) Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Sandwiched between Different Elements

Using first principles density functional theory calculations, the electronic and geometric structures of three different types of zigzag single wall silicon carbide nanotubes (ZSSiCNt), (8,0), (9,0), and (10,0), have been studied by sandwiching nanotubes between different semiconductors, group three elements, and some transition metal elements. When the (9,0) zSSiCNt is sandwiched between different semiconductors, the binding energy (B E ) varies from 2.05 to 5.68 eV/atom. When the (10,0) zSSiCNt is sandwiched between group III elements, the B E varies from 4.35 to 6.89 eV/atom. When the (10,0) zSSiCNt is sandwiched between some transition elements, the B E varies from 1.63 to 5.97 eV/atom. The binding energy variation of SWSiCNT by substituting different elements at the site of carbon and silicon at the end of the zigzag silicon carbide nanotubes is shown. Substitution of Fe and Ga at the site of Si increases the binding energy to 4.04 eV/atom & 6.32 eV/atom, respectively. The cohesive energy appears to saturate between 6.00 to 6.90 eV, and the stability of different (8,0) SWNt is compared.
Assessing the Role of Selective Fossilization Hypothesis in Determining Fossilizable Phonetic Errors in Tunisian EFL Learners’ Oral Output

Fossilization is said to be a distinctive characteristic of second language (L2) learning (Selinker, 1972, 1996; Han, 2004). It is the most pervasive among adult L2 learners (Han and Odlin, 2006). This linguistic phenomenon has been characterized by cessation of learning, even though the learner is exposed to frequent input. Based on the findings of the MA dissertation of the first researcher which is about ‘phonetic fossilization’ and where she conducted a longitudinal study, Han’s Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFL) is used to analyze the obtained fossilized phonetic errors in relation to L1 markedness and L2 robustness with a particular focus on fossilized vowel sounds. This is an analytical model for identifying both acquisitional and fossilizable linguistic features based on learners’ first language (L1) markedness and second language (L2) robustness. The article first gives an overview of the theory of Interlanguage and the phenomenon of fossilization. Then, it introduces SFL. This is an attempt to study fossilization scientifically. In other words, it tests the predictive power of a developed L1 Markedness and L2 Robustness rating scale based on Han’s (2009) model. The present study has pedagogic implications; it is an opportunity to raise teachers’ awareness on this common linguistic phenomenon.
Magnetic Properties of Bilayer Thin Film Composed of Hard and Soft Ferromagnetic Prussian Blue Analogues

The molecule- based bilayer system composed of hard Ni3.38[Fe(CN)6]2⋅nH2O and soft Ni3.1[Cr(CN)6]2⋅nH2O ferromagnetic Prussian blue analogues has been fabricated on a solid substrate by “layer by layer” deposition. The structure and morphology characterization as well as results of magnetic measurements are described. The thickness of the bilayer is ca. 140 nm including a 35 nm interface. This bilayer system shows anisotropic magnetic properties reflected in the shape of magnetic hysteresis measured in various film orientation with respect to the direction of external magnetic field. There is no exchange interaction between hard and soft magnetic layer and irrespective of bilayer orientation, the magnetization and demagnetization process of both Ni3.38[Fe(CN)6]2⋅nH2O and Ni3.1[Cr(CN)6]2⋅nH2O layers occurs independently.
Effects of different drying methods on phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and general characteristics of selected dark colored Turkish fig cultivars

Fig fruit is a good source of minerals and crude fibers. The dark-colored fig cultivars rich in anthocyanins are also known with their high polyphenol content. However, although there are many different dark-colored fig cultivars grown in Turkey, the dried fig industry has traditionally been concentrated on drying of several yellow-colored fig cultivars. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of sundrying and oven-drying on some general characteristics, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of 2 dark-colored (black) and 2 light-colored (yellow) fig cultivars selected from genetic collection of Turkish Fig Research Institute. The figs were obtained by harvesting at the semi-dry stage at 40-50% moisture content and applying sun-drying or oven-drying to reach final moisture content between 20 and 26%. The sun-drying was conducted on mats for 2-3 days under the sun while the oven-drying was applied for 12 h at 60°C and at the air velocity of 0,5 m s-1. The result of the study clearly showed almost 1,5-2 fold higher total phenolic content and ABTS free radical scavenging based antioxidant capacity of fresh dark-colored figs than fresh light-colored ones. The drying had almost no negative effects on the total phenolic content of both darkand light-colored figs. The drying also did not have a negative effect on antioxidant capacity of light-colored figs, but it caused a limited reduction (between 20 and 30%) in antioxidant capacity of dark-colored figs due to the well-known heat labile nature of their color compounds anthocyanins. The use of sun-drying or oven-drying did not have a considerably different effect on final phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of dried figs. This study clearly showed that it is possible to obtain phenolic rich dried figs by use of dark colored fig cultivars such as TR1101 and TR1102.
Production, purification, and characterization of α-amylase from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum using cassava peels as substrate

Cassava peels are waste generated from cassava processing and are mostly disposed of in Nigeria by dumping indiscriminately in landfills/waste dumps where they remain as huge mounds and constitute nuisance to the environment. This study was carried out using cassava peels as substrate for the production of α – amylase from three fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum) selected from twelve microbial isolates obtained from biodegrading cassava peels. The fungi were isolated using cassava peel agar medium and the α – amylase was produced by the solid state fermentation process. The α – amylase was assayed by measuring the decrease in staining power of starch with iodine reagent at 620nm and purified by using Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex C-50. The α – amylase was characterized by examining the effect of temperature, stability at 70oC, pH, substrate concentration, metal ions and EDTA. The results show that the purification fold and specific activity were 95.727, 1.053 Units/mg protein; 81.830, 0.982 Units/mg protein and 85.784, 0.686 Units/mg protein for A. flavus, A. niger and P. expansum respectively. The optimum temperature and pH were 45oC and 4.5 respectively. It was observed that the α – amylase still retained some activity after heating at 70oC for 35 min. The α – amylase activity increased with increase in substrate concentration and metal ion concentration (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) but decreased with increase in heavy metal ion concentration (Hg2+ and Pb2+) and EDTA. Key words: Cassava peels, α – amylase, fungi, starch and Sephadex C – 50.
IMPACT OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

This study evaluated the relation of implementing the green supply chain management on the entire business performance. This research has been done on the organizations in the e-commerce industry based in Karachi, Pakistan. The research has found that there is a direct relationship between green supply chain management, which includes the variables, Cooperation with Suppliers, Green Purchasing, Green Logistics, And Cooperation with Customers and the organizational performance. The results showed that business performance grows if the green supply chain management enhances operational efﬁciency and operational efﬁciency. The study has found and that the implementation of the sustainable supply chain in the firm has a positive impact on the economic performance of the company and competitiveness, hence provide a competitive edge to the company. This study also provides a clear image of how important the green chain plays a part in the organizational performance and that is for the well-being of the employees.
Effects of long-term heat-light soaking on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with KF postdeposition treatment

The effects of long-term heat-light soaking on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with KF postdeposition treatment (KF-PDT) have been investigated. CIGS solar cells with KF-PDT frequently deteriorate after storage in the dark because of decreasing hole concentrations in the CIGS layers. Although light soaking improves hole concentrations, the resulting increase in conversion efficiency is not significant. In contrast, we found that long-term heat-light soaking effectively increases conversion efficiency, since the saturation current density and ideality factor are clearly improved by passivating the recombination centers at CdS/CIGS interfaces.
Circulating microRNAs in Early Breast Cancer Patients and Its Association With Lymph Node Metastases

MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of the metastatic process. In addition, circulating miRNAs appear to be surprisingly stable in peripheral blood making them ideal noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Here, we performed a proof-of-principle study to investigate the expression profile of circulating miRNAs and their association with the metastatic lymph node status in early breast cancer patients. Sentinel lymph node status was detected by one-step nucleic acid (OSNA) analysis. We performed RNA-sequencing in 16 plasma samples and validated the results by qPCR. Gene Ontology term enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were carried out using DAVID tools. We found16 differentially expressed miRNAs (q < 0.01) in patients with positive SLNs. Fourteen miRNAs were down-regulated (miR-339-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-326, miR-331-3p, miR-369-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-26a-3p, miR-139-3p, miR-493-3p, miR-664a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-323b-3p, miR-1307-3p and miR-423-3p) and 2 were up-regulated (miR-101-3pand miR-144-3p). Hierarchical clustering using differentially expressed miRNAs clearly distinguished patients according to their lymph node status. Gene ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of biological processes associated with the regulation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition, cell proliferation and transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest the potential role of several circulating miRNAs as surrogate markers of lymph node metastases in early breast cancer patients. Further validation in a larger cohort of patients will be necessary to confirm our results.
A multicomponent reaction of 2-aminoimidazoles: microwave-assisted synthesis of novel 5-aza-7-deaza-adenines

An efficient and highly selective multicomponent synthesis of 4-aminoimidazo[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazines, which are 5-aza-7-deaza-isosteres of adenine, was developed. The reaction of 2-aminoimidazoles, triethyl orthoformate and cyanamide under microwave irradiation proceeded regioselectively to provide a library of novel 5-aza-7-deaza-adenines in good yields and purity. The developed method was demonstrated to be scalable and highly reproducible in three different monomode microwave reactors. A rearrangement was proposed to explain the high selectivity of the reaction.
Probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri Growth Improved under Fucoidan Exposure

Allergy is the most common chronic disease in Europe and about 40% of the population suffers from it. Microbiota are closely linked to the immune system, with some probiotics characterized as beneficial, contributing to reductions in allergenic symptomatology. To ensure the predominance of beneficial probiotics in the gut microbiota, the use of prebiotics is very important. Among the most important prebiotics are those of marine origin, particularly the fucoidan, a polysaccharide from brown algae (Phaeophyta). The effect of fucoidan on Lactobacillus reuteri in vitro growth behavior has been studied using turbidimetry, plate count and statistical analysis. The fucoidan revealed a significant prebiotic effect, increasing L. reuteri growth (≈2 Log10 cycles after 48 h exposure). The combination of the prebiotic effect of the fucoidan with the direct action that it exerts on allergy and other health problems make this molecule a promising nutraceutical for future use.
State-of-the-Art in Automatic Rice Quality Grading System

Rice is regarded as main food for approximately 80% of the Southeast Asia population alone. As most countries attaining self-sufficiency in production of rice, consumer is more concerned for better quality rice. It is very cumbersome task for people to analyse the quality and grading of rice in the market. Quality inspection of rice grains is performed by human inspectors having a visual inspection manually which is neither objective in nature nor effective because many time the outcomes may not be trustworthy due to inexperienced inspectors or man-made errors. So an automatic rice quality grading system is required which can remove the shortcomings of manual quality grading process. In this paper, image processing techniques along with machine as well as computer vision are analysed to review the state-of-the art in automatic quality grading process. Various procedures and methods are considered for the review purpose to analyse the quality of rice grains on the basis of different parameters. The paper focuses on the recent research studies carried out for the development of automated rice quality grading systems using image processing, machine vision, computer vision and other techniques.
Bifunctional Bio-Surface Decorated Bone-Grafting Titanium Material with Cancellous Bone-Like Biomimetic Structure for Enhanced Bone Tissue Regeneration

In view of the fact that titanium (Ti)-based implants still face the problem of loosening and failure of the implants caused by the slow biological response, the low osseointegration rate and the implant bacterial infection in clinical application, we designed a cancellous bone-like biomimetic Ti scaffold via using the template accumulated by sugar spheres as pore-forming agent. And based on a modified surface mineralization process and mussel-like adhesion mechanism, a silicon-doped calcium phosphate composite coating (Van-pBNPs/pep@pSiCaP) with Vancomycin (Van)-loaded polydopamine (pDA)-modified albumin nanoparticles (Van-pBNPs) and cell adhesion peptides (GFOGER) was constructed on the surface of Ti scaffold for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment of natural bone matrix to induce greater tissue regeneration. The in vitro study demonstrated that this porous Ti scaffold with functional bio-surface could distinctly facilitate cell early adhesion and spreading, and activate the expression of α2β1 integrin receptor on the cell membrane through promoting the formation of focal adhesions (FAs) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), thus mediating greater osteogenic cell differentiation. And it could also effectively inhibit the adhesion and growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties. Moreover, the Van-pBNPs/pep@pSiCaP-Ti scaffolds showed enhanced in vivo bone-forming ability due to the contributions of bioactive chemical components and the natural cancellous bone-like macrostructure. This work offers a promising structural and functional bio-inspired strategy for designing metal implants with desirable ability of osteoinduction synergistically with antibacterial efficacy for promoting bone regeneration and infection prevention simultaneously.
Students’ Perception on the Use of Duolingo as a Language Learning Application for Learning English

This research was conducted to find out the students’ perception toward the use of Duolingo as a language learning application in learning English and to find out which aspects of language are improved by the students in learning by using Duolingo application. The research design of this research was quantitative research. The data collection technique was questionnaire. Based on the data, the students had overall positive perception towards the use of Duolingo application in learning English. The results from the questionnaire described that almost all of the students agreed that Duolingo application has many positive effects to students in learning English process, such as; the students are more motivated in learning process; getting the opportunity to be more active; very influential in learning; more understand the learning material; make students more practice and apply their language skills in daily life. Besides, there are several aspects of language that improved to students’ after using Duolingo application in learning English, which are; the students easy to know and memorize the vocabulary; better in pronunciation; better in grammatical rule; and make student easy to master the English skills. The students showed that the positive aspects of Duolingo application can give a lot of benefits to them. Therefore, the use of Duolingo application needs to be applied in language learning to help the students imporove their language learning activities.