Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and biomechanical changes of the feeding apparatus in developing southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma

The feeding biomechanics of premetamorphic, metamorphic, and postmetamorphic southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, were investigated to better understand the origin and design of adult pleuronectiform feeding mechanisms. Larval P. lethostigma were sampled from culture tanks every day from first feeding through metamorphosis. Fish were then fixed, cleared, and double stained for cartilage and bone. Postmetamorphic juvenile and adult fish were obtained from aquaculture facilities, fixed, and the muscles and bones of the head dissected. All fish were digitally photographed from both sides of the head. Measurements from digital images included head depth, head length, and quadratal angle (a measure of articular‐quadrate position). Measurements were also made of closing in‐lever, opening in‐lever, and out‐lever moment arm lengths for the determination of lower jaw opening and closing mechanical advantage. In premetamorphic larvae, quadratal angle increased from 40° to 80°, opening lever ratio increased from 0.10 to 0.37, and closing lever ratio increased from 0.06 to 0.40. From these measurements and observations of cleared and double‐stained specimens, it was determined that lower jaw depression and elevation changed from a hyoid‐based to an opercular‐based mechanism prior to the onset of metamorphosis. With migration of the right eye to the left side of the head, quadratal angle remained relatively unchanged at 72° to 84°, opening lever ratio decreased from a high of 0.32 to a low of 0.14, and closing lever ratio decreased to as low as 0.17. Postmetamorphic fish exhibited little change with a quadratal angle of 83° to 84°, an opening lever ratio of 0.19, and a closing lever ratio of 0.17 to 0.19. Paired measurements made on the left (ocular) and right (blind) sides of the head indicated that quadratal angle was asymmetrical during metamorphosis (P = 0.003, α = 0.017). Mechanical advantage for lower jaw elevation was also bilaterally asymmetrical following metamorphosis (P = 0.002, α = 0.013). Because mechanical advantage for lower jaw depression was not directionally asymmetrical in metamorphic or postmetamorphic P. lethostigma, functional asymmetry (lateral jaw flexion) is not predicted for jaw opening. These results suggest differences in the design and function of feeding mechanisms for premetamorphic, metamorphic, and postmetamorphic P. lethostigma. J. Morphol. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
10 $\times$  224-Gb/s POLMUX-16QAM Transmission Over 656 km of Large-${\rm A}_{\rm eff}$ PSCF With a Spectral Efficiency of 5.6 b/s/Hz

The authors demonstrate the successful transmission of 10 channels with 224-Gb/s POLMUX-16QAM modulation (28 GBaud) on a 37.5-GHz wavelength grid. Using large-Aeff pure-silica-core fibers they show a 656-km transmission distance with a spectral efficiency of 5.6 b/s/Hz. They report a back-to-back performance penalty of 3.5 dB compared to theoretical limits at the forward-error correction (FEC) limit (bit-error rate of 3.8·10-3), and a margin of 0.5 dB in Q-factor with respect to the FEC limit after 656 km of transmission.
Flow resistance equations for gravel‐ and boulder‐bed streams

Alternative general forms are considered for equations to predict mean velocity over the full range of relative submergence experienced in gravel‐ and boulder‐bed streams. A partial unification is suggested for some previous semiempirical models and physical concepts. Two new equations are proposed: a nondimensional hydraulic geometry equation with different parameters for deep and shallow flows, and a variable‐power resistance equation that is asymptotic to roughness‐layer formulations for shallow flows and to the Manning‐Strickler approximation of the logarithmic friction law for deep flows. Predictions by existing and new equations using D84 as roughness scale are compared to a compilation of measured velocities in natural streams at relative submergences from 0.1 to over 30. The variable‐power equation performs as well as the best existing approach, which is a logarithmic law with roughness multiplier. For predicting how a known or assumed discharge is partitioned between depth and velocity, a nondimensional hydraulic geometry approach outperforms equations using relative submergence. Factor‐of‐two prediction errors occur with all approaches because of sensitivity to operational definitions of depth, velocity, and slope, the inadequacy of using a single grain‐size length scale, and the complexity of flow physics in steep shallow streams.
Privacy-preserving Regression on Partially Encrypted Data

There is a growing interest in leveraging the computational resources and storage capacities of remote compute and storage infrastructures for data analysis. However, the loss of control over the data raises concerns about data privacy. In order to remedy these concerns, data can be encrypted before transmission to the remote infrastructure, but the use of encryption renders data analysis a challenging task. An important observation is that it suffices to encrypt only certain parts of the data in various real-world scenarios, which makes it possible to devise efficient algorithms for secure remote data analysis based on partially homomorphic encryption. We present several computationally efficient algorithms for regression analysis, focusing on linear regression, that work with partially encrypted data. Our evaluation shows that we can both train models and compute predictions with these models quickly enough for practical use. At the expense of full data confidentiality, our algorithms outperform state-of-the-art schemes based on fully homomorphic encryption or multi-party computation by several orders of magnitude.
In vitro characterization of the subharmonic ultrasound signal from Definity microbubbles at high frequencies

Ultrasound microbubble contrast agents have been demonstrated to scatter subharmonic energy at one-half the driving frequency. At ultrasound frequencies in the 20–40 MHz range, the subharmonic offers the potential to differentiate the blood in the microcirculation from the surrounding tissue. It is unknown whether current contrast agents, manufactured to be resonant between 2 and 12 MHz, are ideal for subharmonic imaging at higher frequencies. We performed numerical simulations of the Keller–Miksis model for the behavior of a single bubble and experimental investigations of Definity microbubbles in water. The results supported the hypothesis that off-resonant bubbles, excited at their second harmonic, may be primarily responsible for the observed subharmonic energy. For frequencies between 20 and 32 MHz and 32 and 40 MHz, the optimal bubble diameters for the generation of subharmonics in vitro were determined experimentally to be 1.2–5 µm and less than 1.2 µm, respectively. Definity may be a suitable ultrasound contrast agent for subharmonic imaging at 20 MHz with peak-negative pressures between 380 and 590 kPa and pulses greater than or equal to four cycles in duration.
Partial Feedback Linearizing Excitation Controller for Multimachine Power Systems to Improve Transient Stability

In this paper a new nonlinear excitation controller design to enhance transient stability of multimachine power systems is presented. Partial feedback linearization is first used to transform the nonlinear power system model into a partially linear system comprising a reduced-order linear part and a nonlinear dynamic autonomous part. Then a linear state feedback stabilizing controller is designed for the reduced-order linear part using optimal control theory to enhance the stability of the whole system. In this way, the performance of the stabilizing controller would be independent of the operating points of the power system and therefore is superior to those designed for completely linearized systems. It is shown that the controller design method ensures the stability of the nonlinear dynamic autonomous part. The design method is applicable to multimachine power systems but tested on a 3-machine 11-bus two-area test system. The performance of the proposed control scheme to large disturbances is evaluated, through computer simulation, and compared with a conventional power system stabilizer and an exact feedback linearizing controller.
Microbial flora of the mouse ileum mucous layer and epithelial surface

We have developed new methods to minimize fluid shear during preparation of specimens for electron microscopy and to retain the mucous blanket that covers the tissue surface of the ileum in mice. We also used general stabilization by nonspecific antibodies to minimize the collapse of the mucous layer during dehydration for electron microscopy. These methods allowed us to visualize the gradual progression of the mucous blanket from a thin diaphanous layer in newborn animals to a very thick (ca. 50 micrometers), coherent structure in older animals that contained a mixed population of bacteria and protozoa. Some bacteria, notably filamentous forms, were patently anchored to the epithelial tissue but projected into the mucous blanket, whereas others clearly existed within the mucous blanket and were unattached to the epithelial surface. Similarly, some protozoa were firmly attached to the tissue surface, whereas others were suspended in the viscous mucous blanket. In an adult animal, the mucous blanket was a very thick layer which actually occluded most of the tissue surface and contained a rich variety of bacteria and protozoa.
The effect of high doses of recombinant human erythropoietin on megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in splenectomized mice

Summary The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) on megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production were investigated in splenectomized, sham‐operated and intact mice. When splenectomized mice were injected with 50 U of rHuEpo daily for 4 d, peripheral platelet counts, megakaryocyte (MK) size and the percentage of mature MK (stage IV MK) increased from 1 to 4 d after the initial rHuEpo injection. The total number of marrow MK colony forming units (CFU‐MK) increased from 2 to 4 d after the initial injection. Furthermore, from days 6 to 8, the total number of marrow MK also increased. In addition, when the dose of rHuEpo was increased to 20 ˜ 200 U per mouse, clear dose responses were detected in platelet counts and MK numbers. When sham‐operated and intact mice were injected with rHuEpo, no significant change in platelet numbers was detected. The number of MK, MK size and the number of CFU‐MK increased only in spleen, not in bone marrow. Our data indicate that Epo has stimulatory effects on platelet production in vivo, if used in sufficient quantities.
Stand alone wearable power assisting suit - sensing and control systems

A stand alone wearable power assisting suit was developed, which gives nurses the extra muscle they need to lift their patients and avoid back injuries. The suit consists of shoulders, arms, back, waist and legs units to be fitted on the nurse's body. The arms, waist and legs have pneumatic rotary actuators driven directly by micro air pumps supplied by portable Ni-Cd batteries. The muscle forces are sensed by a new muscle hardness sensor utilizing a sensing tip mounted on a force sensing film device. The embedded microcomputer calculates the necessary joint torque for maintaining a position according to the equations derived from static body mechanics using the joint angles, and the necessary joint torque is combined with the output signals of the muscle sensors to make control signals. The suit was applied practically to a human body and movement experiments that weights in the arms were held and take up and down was performed. Each unit of the suit could transmit assisting torque directly to each joint verifying its practicability.
Observer based guaranteed cost control of networked control systems

This paper is concerned with the guaranteed cost controller design for a class of networked control systems(NCSs), a new guaranteed cost function-the observer based guaranteed cost function are designed. The asymptotical stability of the observer output error is proved. A sufficient condition for the existence of a guaranteed cost controller for NCSs is presented by a set of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). Accordingly, through a numerical example, the upper bound of guaranteed cost and the corresponding controller gain K are solved. Theoretical analysis through an example shows the effectiveness of the method.
Compressing deformation investigation of single-walled carbon nanotube coated with Ni

Mechanical behaviors of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and Ni-coated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT-Ni) were investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. From these results of molecular dynamics simulation for two models of SWCNT and SWCNT-Ni, it was found that the Young's Modulus of SWCNT was higher than that of SWCNT-Ni, and failure stress and failure strain of SWCNT were also lower than that of SWCNT-Ni at same temperature point of 300K, 500K, and 700K. In order to understand compressing behaviors of different temperature, two different molecular models of SWCNT and SWCNT-Ni were analyzed at 300K, 500K and 700K respectively, and it was revealed that temperature fluctuation could also change the Young's Modulus, critical stress, and critical strain. In this work, it was very clear that nickel atoms on surface of SWCNT-Ni could retard local buckling at the processing of compressing. Coating nickel atoms on surface of SWCNT could improve some mechanical properties of SWCNT.
Evidence of photo-induced dynamic competition of metallic and insulating phase in a layered manganite

We show evidence that the competition between the antiferromagetic metallic phase and the charge- and orbital-ordered insulating phase at the reentrant phase boundary of a layered manganite, La0.99Sr2. 01Mn2O7, can be manipulated using ultrafast optical excitation. The time-dependent evolution of the Jahn–Teller superlattice reflection, which indicates the formation of the charge and orbital order, was measured at different laser fluences. The laser-induced enhancement and reduction the Jahn–Teller reflection intensity shows a reversal of sign between earlier (~10 ns) and later (~150 ns) time delays during the relaxation after photo excitation. This effect is consistent with a scenario whereby the laser excitation modulates the local competition between the metallic and the insulating phases.
Histological evaluation of the effectiveness of increased apical enlargement for cleaning the apical third of curved canals.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of apical size on cleaning of the apical third of curved canals prepared with rotary instruments. METHODOLOGY Forty-four mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars teeth were instrumented to different apical sizes (30, 0.02; 35, 0.02; 40, 0.02; 45, 0.02) using a crown-down technique. After canal preparation, the apical thirds of the roots were submitted to histological processing and examination. The specimens were analysed at 40× magnification and the images were submitted to morphometric analysis with an integration grid to evaluate the percentage of debris and uninstrumented root canal walls. The action of the instruments on the root canal walls was assessed based on the surface regularity, abrupt change on the continuity of root canal walls, and partial or total pre-dentine removal. The results were statistically compared using one-way anova with post hoc Tukey test. Pearson's correlation was performed to identify potential correlations between values. RESULTS The percentage of uninstrumented root canal dentine was higher when apical enlargement was performed with instruments 30, 0.02 taper (55.64 ± 4.62%) and 35, 0.02 taper (49.03 ± 5.70%) than with instruments 40, 0.02 taper (38.08 ± 10.44%) and 45, 0.02 taper (32.65 ± 8.51%) (P < 0.05). More debris were observed when apical enlargement was performed with instruments 30, 0.02 taper (34.62 ± 9.49%) and 35, 0.02 taper (25.33 ± 7.37%) (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the amount of remaining debris and the perimeter of uninstrumented root canal dentine (r = 0.9130, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION No apical enlargement size allowed the root canal walls to be prepared completely. Apical third cleanliness could be predicted by instrument diameter.
Double resonance L-C trap for dual-band dipole antenna

L-C trapped dipole has been a popular dual-band antenna for several decades. Its basic operating principle relies on a couple of parallel resonant circuits that cut-off a part of the dipole branches at a specific design frequency. In this paper a double-frequency (series and parallel) resonant circuit has been designed to operate as a trap and it has been experimentally tested. The advantage of this solution is that it makes the antenna input impedance more uniform in the sub-bands, improving its matching performances.
Raman spectroscopy of SiO2 glass at high pressure.

Analyse des variations des spectres Raman en fonction de la pression; mise en evidence d'une reduction significative de la largeur de la distribution des angles Si-O-Si a 8GPa et de modifications preversibles du spectre entre 8 et ∼30 GPa; l'evolution des spectres au dessus de 30GPa suggere une destruction graduelle de l'ordre a distance intermediaire
An Unconstrainted Optimization Method Based on BP Neural Network

This paper proposed an unconstrainted optimization method based on BP neural network, and take Unipolar Sigmoid function as the transfer function,and take maximize network output as example,derived and given the partial derivatives of the BP neural network's output to input.On this basis, give a general mathematical expression that based on the BP neural network unconstrainted optimization issues,and through further study,the calculation method and calculation steps is given ,which based on BP neural network unconstrainted optimization method, and make a example calculation,the results show that the algorithm is an effective method.
Production of recombinant human monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor (rM/NEI).

Recombinant human monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor (rM/NEI) was expressed with a baculovirus expression system. The purified recombinant protein was shown to inhibit human neutrophil elastase by the formation of a stable equimolar complex, as had been shown for M/NEI isolated from monocyte-derived cell lines. rM/NEI was remarkably stable in aqueous buffers from pH 6 to pH 8, but not in buffers below pH 6. rM/NEI activity was stable when subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and low temperature storage in Tris or phosphate buffers. rM/NEI could also be lyophilized without significant loss of activity. A 1.6-g batch of greater than 95% purity in rM/NEI was obtained by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography with yields of 7 to 8 mg per liter of cultured insect cells. Methods and protocols were chosen for compatibility with large-scale cGMP production and were suitable for biochemical characterization and preclinical evaluation of rM/NEI as a therapeutic agent for cystic fibrosis. The availability of large amounts of purified rM/NEI will facilitate clinical evaluation of rM/NEI for prevention of the elastase-mediated destruction of lung tissue associated with the morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis.
Integrating Software and Usability Engineering through Jointly-constructed, Event-based Stories

This position paper proposes that event-based stories appear to have the potential to provide a simple, but powerful technique for users and developers to communicate emotional and informational needs, redesign processes, and structure the user interface design within the agile development paradigm. Informal evaluation of the use of event-based stories in several development projects suggest that event-based stories could be useful in integrating software and usability engineering. Controlled experiments, in addition to more formal case analyses are the next steps.
Cardiac Pacemakers in Electric and Magnetic Fields of 400‐kV Power Lines

Background: The cardiac pacemaker (PM) implantation rate per million is high. Earlier studies have found interference to PMs by electromagnetic fields. The aim of the study is to investigate disturbances in cardiac PM using a human‐shaped phantom in electric and magnetic fields of 400‐kV power lines.
An Androgen Receptor NH2-terminal Conserved Motif Interacts with the COOH Terminus of the Hsp70-interacting Protein (CHIP)*

The NH2-terminal sequence of steroid receptors is highly variable between different receptors and in the same receptor from different species. In this study, a primary sequence homology comparison identified a 14-amino acid NH2-terminal motif of the human androgen receptor (AR) that is common to AR from all species reported, including the lower vertebrates. The evolutionarily conserved motif is unique to AR, with the exception of a partial sequence in the glucocorticoid receptor of higher species. The presence of the conserved motif in AR and the glucocorticoid receptor and its absence in other steroid receptors suggests convergent evolution. The function of the AR NH2-terminal conserved motif was suggested from a yeast two-hybrid screen that identified the COOH terminus of the Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) as a binding partner. We found that CHIP functions as a negative regulator of AR transcriptional activity by promoting AR degradation. In support of this, two mutations in the AR NH2-terminal conserved motif previously identified in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model reduced the interaction between CHIP and AR. Our results suggest that the AR NH2-terminal domain contains an evolutionarily conserved motif that functions to limit AR transcriptional activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the combination of comparative sequence alignment and yeast two-hybrid screening using short conserved peptides as bait provides an effective strategy to probe the structure-function relationships of steroid receptor NH2-terminal domains and other intrinsically unstructured transcriptional regulatory proteins.