Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Iridoids and Phenolics by Transformed Harpagophytum procumbens Root Cultures

Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's claw) is an important medicinal plant, which tubers are used for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases. In this study, the time courses of growth of Devil's claw hairy roots and accumulation of intracellular total iridoids and phenolics were investigated during cultivation under submerged conditions. After 21 days of growth in liquid hormone‐free MS medium, a growth index of 81.3 was achieved and the accumulated biomass reached 0.58 g/flask. It was found that the time courses of total iridoids and phenolics production showed almost the same patterns with a maximum on day 21 from the beginning of cultivation (15.93 mg harpagoside equivalents/L and 261 mg gallic acid equivalents/L, respectively). The methanolic extracts possessed relatively high DPPH‐radical scavenging properties (IC50 4.08 mg/mL), while for the culture media no antiradical activity was detected. According to our best knowledge, the present report is the first one dealing with the investigation of transformed root cultures from Harpagophytum procumbens plants.
Analisis Metode GLCM dan SVM untuk Mendeteksi Cacat Kain

Pada saat proses pembelian kain ada kalanya kain yang dibeli mengalami cacat. Cacat pada kain ini biasanya dideteksi dengan hanya mengandalkan ketajaman mata para pembeli dan penjual saja. Maka dari itu diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu menemukan cacat pada kain yang dibeli. Metode GLCM dan SVM digunakan dalam sistem ini untuk mendeteksi jenis cacat kain. Metode GLCM dan SVM digunakan dalam sistem ini untuk mendeteksi jenis cacat kain. Sistem ini bekerja dengan cara mencocokkan nilai ekstraksi ciri dari citra kain yang telah tersimpan di database yang dimasukkan ke suatu sistem. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan akurasi sebesar 83,33% pada training set test dan 33,33% pada supplied set test. Hasil akurasi yang rendah pada supplied set test disebabkan oleh perbedaan kualitas citra dan adanya nilai interval yang besar antara ciri yang satu dengan yang lainnya.
Determination of Proteinogenic Amino Acids in Human Plasma by Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detection

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) represents a viable alternative to liquid chromatography in the analysis of amino acids (AA) in human plasma. After optimizing the composition of the background electrolyte (BGE), and introducing simple plasma pretreatment to remove spurious protein components, the CE/CCD methods allows determination of 18 from 20 proteinogenic AAs, three nonproteinogenic AAs and creatinine in 60 minutes. AAs are separated in their cationic forms in BGE containing 1.7 M acetic acid and 0.1% hydroxyethylcellulose, pH 2.2. LODs for individual AAs vary in an acceptable range with minimum of 4.3 μM for Arg and maximum of 42.9 μM for Cys. Mean concentrations and concentrations ranges for AAs in human plasma samples from 9 healthy individuals are found to agree well with those determined by an LC method in other two laboratories.
Electrical Monitoring of In Situ Chemical Oxidation by Permanganate

An array of electrical monitoring probes was constructed to monitor a concentrated permanganate (MnO4−) solution injected to treat perchloroethylene (PCE) contamination in a shallow sandy aquifer. The simple probes use pairs of stainless steel wires as electrodes for electrical conductivity (EC) and platinum wires as the working electrodes for oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) measurements. Combined EC/ORP probes were assembled into bundles with multilevel ground water samplers and installed in boreholes around the injection point. Copper/copper sulfate half‐cells, inserted to the depth of the water table, acted as ORP reference electrodes. All electrodes were connected to a central data acquisition system, which collected data for a period of 25 d following the injection. Large contrasts in the EC and ORP characteristics of the ground water, compared with the MnO4− solution, allow the subsurface migration of MnO4− to be tracked using these relatively simple electrical measurements. The electrical data were used to track the arrival times of the MnO4− at discrete positions in the aquifer, to guide the timing and selection of locations for water sampling, and for three‐dimensional visualization of the MnO4− distribution during destruction of PCE.
Magnetic Field‐Induced Phase Transformation in NiMnCoIn Magnetic Shape‐Memory Alloys—A New Actuation Mechanism with Large Work Output

Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) have recently been developed into a new class of functional materials that are capable of magnetic‐field‐induced actuation, mechanical sensing, magnetic refrigeration, and energy harvesting. In the present work, the magnetic &! hyphen;field‐induced martensitic phase transformation (FIPT) in Ni45Mn36.5Co5In13. 5 MSMA single crystals is characterized as a new actuation mechanism with potential to result in ultra‐high actuation work outputs. The effects of the applied magnetic field on the transformation temperatures, magnetization, and superelastic response are investigated. The magnetic work output of NiMnCoIn alloys is determined to be more than 1 MJ m−3 per Tesla, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of the most well‐known MSMAs, i.e., NiMnGa alloys. In addition, the work output of NiMnCoIn alloys is orientation independent, potentially surpassing the need for single crystals, and not limited by a saturation magnetic field, as opposed to NiMnGa MSMAs. Experimental and theoretical transformation strains and magnetostress levels are determined as a function of crystal orientation. It is found that [111]‐oriented crystals can demonstrate a magnetostress level of 140 MPa T−1 with 1.2% axial strain under compression. These field‐induced stress and strain levels are significantly higher than those from existing piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators. A thermodynamical framework is introduced to comprehend the magnetic energy contributions during FIPT. The present work reveals that the magnetic FIPT mechanism is promising for magnetic actuation applications and provides new opportunities for applications requiring high actuation work‐outputs with relatively large actuation frequencies. One potential issue is the requirement for relatively high critical magnetic fields and field intervals (1.5–3 T) for the onset of FIPT and for reversible FIPT, respectively.
A comparison of some imidazole catalysts as epoxy curing agents

Some physical properties of epoxy resins cured with 2-substituted imidazoles, e.g., 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI-24), and 1-substituted imidazoles, e.g., 1-methylimidazole (MI-1), were studied in order to determine the effect of additional crosslinking that has been proposed to occur with EMI-24. While these catalysts were found to yield identical physical properties in that system, they were found to behave differently when the epoxy resin was flexibilized with a polysulfide rubber. Evidence from infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra proved that imidazoles unsubstituted in the 2-position were being deactivated through their conversion to a dihydroimidazole compound in a proportion related to the amount of polysulfide rubber present. Hence, only imidazoles substituted in the 2-position will cure epoxy–polysulfide rubber systems.
Removal of alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl ethoxylate sulfates, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in wastewater treatment

An environmental monitoring study was conducted to assess the removal of alkyl ethoxylate sulfates (AESs), alcohol ethoxylates (AEs), and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs) during wastewater treatment. Samples were obtained from six trickling filter and four activated sludge treatment plants located in the midwestern United States. The average removal rates for AESs, AEs, and LASs in activated sludge treatment were 98, 97, and >99%, respectively. Lower and more variable removal rates were observed at trickling filter treatment plants with average values of 83, 90, and 82% for AESs, AEs, and LASs, respectively. Using average influent concentrations and removal rates, the predicted exposure concentrations for these surfactants in U.S. receiving waters immediately below treatment plant outfalls were less than their corresponding biological predicted no‐effect concentrations in greater than 98% of the locations under low‐flow conditions.
Studies on Nutrient Distribution in Some Zambian Soils with Special Reference to Sulphur Using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) II. Evaluation of Plant-Available Sulphur and Its Distribution in Major Zambian Soils

Relationship between the contents of soil sulphur and plant sulphur was studied in order to evaluate the distribution of plant-available sulphur in Zambian soils. Four soils series with distinct differences in texture and organic carbon content had been selected among representative benchmark soil series and used to cultivate maize (Zea mays L.) as a test plant in pots. From the results of the pot experiment, critical levels of sulphur deficiency in plants and soils were evaluated and the levels of available sulphur for maize nutrition were rated into four classes using data on the relative yield of maize. The optimum method to determine the available sulphur content of the soils was applied to the analysis of other benchmark soils. Satisfactory regression models for assessing the relation between the content of available soil sulphur with other soil constituents among benchmark soil could not be identified. A distribution map for available sulphur was drawn in a step-by-step format by using a different scale of the soil map, soil units and the legends of soil map databases. As a result, it was confirmed that sulphur-deficient and marginal areas were widely distributed throughout the country. Finally, soil acidity problems associated with sulphur application, the inconsistency of the content of available sulphur with that of total sulphur and limitation of the map utility were examined.
Gas Sorption and Transport in Glassy Polymers

Gas sorption and transport in amorphous polymers above their glass transition temperature are adequately described phenomenologically by Henry's and Fick's laws. However, below the glass transition temperature an additional sorption mechanism develops which follows the Langmuir isotherm, and, thus, there are two populations of gas molecules which may be regarded to be in equilibrium with each other. The Langmuir mechanism evidently arises from the non-equilibrium nature of the glassy state. Molecules sorbed by this mechanism have less diffusional mobility than molecules sorbed by the Henry's law mode. Because of these differences, the analyses of transient permeation experiments are more complex for glassy polymers compared to those used widely for rubbery polymers. A more comprehensive phenomeno-logical model for transport of gases in glassy polymers is developed here which has been successfully used to interpret the observed dependence of the permeability coefficient and diffusion time lag on upstream gas pressure. The state of knowledge about gas sorption and transport in glassy polymers is reviewed and contrasted with that of rubbery polymers. It is seen that such observations provide a unique method to probe the physical structure of the glassy state and that knowledge in this area is increasing rapidly.
Study of characteristic fragmentation of nanocarbon by the scanning atom probe

Six nine purity graphite and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT), multiple-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are mass analyzed by the scanning atom probe. Surface atoms well exposed to the external field are field evaporated and individual evaporated fragment ions are detected. Each specimen exhibits a characteristic mass spectrum of fragmented cluster ions. The SWCNT exhibits the cleanest mass spectrum with a small amount of hydrogen. The commercially available DWCNT shows two types of mass spectra: one is fairly clean and the other with many C15(H2O)m clusters. The laboratory grown MWCNT shows various doubly and triply ionized cluster ions indicating strong bonding between the atoms forming the clusters. The sharper the mass peak is and the higher the multiplicity of charge is, the stronger the binding between atoms forming the clusters. The commercially available pure graphite shows three types of mass spectra, fairly clean spectra without large C–H clusters, spect.
Measurement of Gas Entrainment Rate From Free Surface by Vortex

A sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor is now at the developing stage in Japan. One concern for safety is cover gas entrainment into the sodium coolant. The gas entrainment rate into liquid by the vortex formed on the free surface was examined experimentally. Liquid flowed into a cylindrical vessel from a wall tangentially. Swirl flow was formed in the vessel, and then liquid drained from the bottom outlet of the vessel. A hollow vortex was formed on the free surface in the test vessel. Air was entrained under the free surface of the vortex and carried away from the bottom of the vessel. The flow state of the gas entrainment was visually observed by using a high speed video camera. The gas entrainment rate into liquid was measured. In the present experiments, test fluid was changed from water in the previous experiments to 20 cSt silicone oil. The liquid level in the test vessel was 25 mm in the present experiments. Only the vortex-type gas-entrainment was observed as in the previous experiments since the liquid level was low. The flow state observed at the flow visualization section of the outlet pipe was only a semi-annular flow. The initiation of the gas entrainment was delayed in the case of silicone oil compared with the case of water. The increasing rate of the gas entrainment to the liquid velocity is milder in the case of silicone oil than in the case of water.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Enhanced Efficiency in Plastic Solar Cells via Energy Matched Solution Processed NiOx Interlayers

We show enhanced efficiency and stability of a high performance organic solar cell (OPV) when the work‐function of the hole collecting indium‐tin oxide (ITO) contact, modified with a solution‐processed nickel oxide (NiOx) hole‐transport layer (HTL), is matched to the ionization potential of the donor material in a bulk‐heterojunction solar cell. Addition of the NiOx HTL to the hole collecting contact results in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.7%, which is a 17.3% net increase in performance over the 5.7% PCE achieved with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL on ITO. The impact of these NiOx films is evaluated through optical and electronic measurements as well as device modeling. The valence and conduction band energies for the NiOx HTL are characterized in detail through photoelectron spectroscopy studies while spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to characterize the optical properties. Oxygen plasma treatment of the NiOx HTL is shown to provide superior contact properties by increasing the ITO/NiOx contact work‐function by 500 meV. Enhancement of device performance is attributed to reduction of the band edge energy offset at the ITO/NiOx interface with the poly(N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothidiazole) (PCDTBT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester PCBM and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) active layer. A high work‐function hole collecting contact is therefore the appropriate choice for high ionization potential donor materials in order to maximize OPV performance.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel 3-Bromo-2-acetylthiophene Chalcones and Biological Evaluation of Their Ethyl-4-(3-bromothien-2-yl)-2-oxo-6-(aryl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate Derivatives

Novel chalcones 1-(3-bromothien-2-yl)-3-(aryl)prop-2-en-1-ones derived from 3-bromo-2-acetylthiophene and their cyclization product with ethylacetoacetate such as 4-(3-bromothien-2-yl)-2-oxo-6-(aryl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized and studied by X-ray, analytical, and spectral methods. Compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. The compound ethyl-4-(3-bromothien-2-yl)-2-oxo-6-(4-propoxyphenyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate 5c exhibited promising anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities.
Study of a confined Hydrogen-like atom by the Asymptotic Iteration Method

The asymptotic iteration method (AIM) is used to obtain both special exact solutions and general approximate solutions for a Hydrogen-like atom confined in a spherical box of arbitrary radius R. Critical box radii, at which states are no longer bound, are also calculated. The results are compared with those in the literature.
Metal–organic frameworks—prospective industrial applications

The generation of metal–organic framework (MOF) coordination polymers enables the tailoring of novel solids with regular porosity from the micro to nanopore scale. Since the discovery of this new family of nanoporous materials and the concept of so called ‘reticular design’, nowadays several hundred different types of MOF are known. The self assembly of metal ions, which act as coordination centres, linked together with a variety of polyatomic organic bridging ligands, results in tailorable nanoporous host materials as robust solids with high thermal and mechanical stability. Describing examples of different zinc-containing structures, e.g. MOF-2, MOF-5 and IRMOF-8 verified synthesis methods will be given, as well as a totally novel electrochemical approach for transition metal based MOFs will be presented for the first time. With sufficient amounts of sample now being available, the testing of metal–organic frameworks in fields of catalysis and gas processing is exemplified. Report is given on the catalytic activation of alkynes (formation of methoxypropene from propyne, vinylester synthesis from acetylene). Removal of impurities in natural gas (traces of tetrahydrothiophene in methane), pressure swing separation of rare gases (krypton and xenon) and storage of hydrogen (3.3 wt% at 2.0 MPa/77 K on Cu-BTC-MOF) will underline the prospective future industrial use of metal–organic frameworks in gas processing. Whenever possible, comparison is made to state-of-art applications in order to outline possibilities which might be superior by using MOFs.
Metal-free Ionic Liquid-derived Electrocatalyst for High-Performance Oxygen Reduction in Acidic and Alkaline Electrolytes

We report herein a new simplified approach to metal-free N-doped carbon aerogels made from ionic liquids by a bottom-up “salt templating” strategy, which are known to be promising electrocatalytic materials. An optimized pore transport system as well as a high catalytically active surface allowed the ionic liquid-derived carbons to possess favourably high electrocatalytic performance in oxygen reduction under alkaline and, not found for similar materials made by other pathways, under technically more relevant acidic conditions. Even in acid, the performance favourably compares with a commercial Pt-based catalyst.
Using multi-parameters distributions to assess the probability of occurrence of extreme rainfall data

Soil erosion, soil saturation and floods are frequently associated with extreme rainfall events. Thus, the scientific literature agrees on the need to carry out studies that improve the assessment of the probability of occurrence of extreme rainfall values. The main goal of this study was to compare the performance of the multi-parameters distributions Wakeby, Kappa and Generalized Extreme Value in fitting the annual maximums of daily, 2-day and 3-day rainfall amounts obtained from the weather station of Campinas, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1890-2012). As a secondary aim, the presence of climate trends and serial correlation in these series was also evaluated. The auto-correlation function and the Mann-Kendall tests have shown the presence of no serial correlation and climate trends in the above mentioned series. The results obtained from goodness-of-fit procedures allowed us to conclude that the Kappa and the Generalized Extreme Value distributions present the best performance in describing the probabilistic structure of the series under analysis.
Effective hydraulic properties of layered soils at the lysimeter scale determined by inverse modelling

The transferability of soil hydraulic properties measured in the laboratory to the field or catchment scale is a key problem in soil hydrology. To narrow the gap between laboratory and field scale we investigated soil water movement at the lysimeter scale. Specific questions of interest are the existence and uniqueness of effective hydraulic properties for lysimeters that are internally heterogeneous. To answer these questions, synthetic measurements of water contents, pressure heads, and fluxes across the system boundaries were generated by forward modelling of water flow, based on the Richards equation, for a variety of homogeneous and layered soils and under varying types of boundary conditions (multistep outflow, evaporation, transient atmospheric). We evaluated the measurements by inverse modelling assuming a homogeneous system. The globally convergent shuffled complex evolution algorithm was applied to avoid parameter estimation problems caused by a rough topology of the objective function. The hydraulic properties of homogeneous soils were always uniquely identified, not only for the classic multistep outflow and evaporation experiments but also under natural atmospheric boundary conditions. Moreover, for the weakly heterogeneous layered soils, the soil water dynamics could be well described with effective homogeneous properties. For highly heterogeneous, layered soils, it was still possible to match the boundary fluxes for all types of experiments. Internal system states could not be matched, however, and the properties identified depended on the type of experiment. For these soils no unique effective soil hydraulic properties exist. We found that for strongly layered soils the simultaneous determination of the hydraulic properties of multiple soil layers by inverse modelling is a practicable alternative to the description with effective parameters.
A non-toxic, solution-processed, earth abundant absorbing layer for thin-film solar cells

Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS) has attracted significant attention in the past few years as a next generation absorber material for the production of thin film solar cells on large scales due to the high natural abundance of all constituents, tunable direct band gap energy ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 eV, and large absorption coefficient. In addition, to address the issue of expensive vacuum-based processes, non-vacuum solution-based approaches are being developed for CZTS absorber layer deposition. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a high quality CZTS absorber layer with a thickness of 2.8–3.0 μm and micrometre-scaled grains (1–2.5 μm) using air-stable non-toxic solvent-based inks. Our approach for the fabrication of CZTS absorber, reported here, will be the first step in achieving low-cost and large area solar cells with high efficiency.