Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 gene in floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana

The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the AS2/LOB gene family, is involved in the development of a symmetrical expanded lamina, with the rachis as the axis. On flowering, transcripts of AS2 were detected in inflorescence meristems, floral meristems, and primordia of all floral organs. Levels of accumulation of AS2 transcripts were then decreased in the late stage of the floral organ primordia. β-glucuronidase (GUS) activities were examined in transgenic plants that had been transformed with the GUS gene controlled by the AS2 promoter and were detected in early stages of flower development. We quantified the length of floral organs at each developmental stage. Our results showed that the ratios of lengths of stamen to sepal and carpel to sepal in the as2-1 and as1-1 mutants were larger than those seen in wild-type plants in stages 12 to 14. Furthermore, the changes in the ratios of the lengths of floral organs in as2-1 and as1-1 mutants were suppressed by the mutations of class 1 KNOX genes. These results indicate that AS2 and AS1 genes would control the balance of the floral organ lengths via repressing class 1 KNOX genes in reproductive stages.
Photon Conversion and Radiation Synergism in Eu/Tb Complexes Incorporated Poly Methyl Methacrylate

Green and red emissions in terbium and europium benzoic acids (TBA and EBA) incorporated poly methyl methacrylates (PMMA) are exhibited. Larger intensity parameters ( cm2) and ( cm2) of indicate a high inversion asymmetrical and strong covalent environment around lanthanide (Ln) ions and maximum emission cross section ( cm2) for the dominant transition of reveals the effective photon conversion capacity in EBA incorporated PMMA. Color variation and fluorescence enhancement are validated to be originated from energy transfer and synergistic effect in TBA/EBA coincorporated PMMA system. The results indicate that Eu and Tb complexes incorporated PMMA with effective photon conversion hold great prospect in increment of lighting quality and enhancement of solar-cell efficiency employed in outer space.
7 A . 5 The Interaction of a HP Supercell Thunderstorm and Bow Echo to Produce a Prolonged Severe Wind Event in East Central Missouri

The record setting week of severe weather between 4 and 10 May 2003 will long be remembered for its strong and violent tornadoes. However, during the barrage of classic supercells and seventy-six tornadoes that ravaged the state of Missouri, a severe straight line wind event on 6 May devastated the town of DeSoto and surrounding areas. This straight line wind event accounted for a large portion of the nearly 500 million dollars in insurance claims submitted that week. Using observational and radar data, this paper illustrates the mechanisms that caused the destructive convective high wind event across eastern Missouri on 6 May 2003. Through observations, a number of researchers have defined and revised the conceptual model of the High Precipitation (HP) supercell to bow echo evolution (Moller et al. 1990; Finley et al. 2001; Wolf et al. 1998; Sabones et al. 1996; and Przybylinski and Schmocker 2002). Recent observations from Miller et al. 2002 have shown that HP storms are capable of producing long swaths of intense wind damage.
Wind Energy Potential in Nigeria

Wind energy is one of the fastest growing technologies in energy generation industry nowadays. The erratic and epileptic state of power in this country and the concern about global warming should be a great concern for all and should drive us into strong demand for wind generation. The main advantages of electricity generation from wind are the absence of harmful emissions, very clean and the almost infinite availability of the wind that is converted into electricity. In Nigeria, where the wind power prospect is estimated to be high or moderate has not connected this renewable resources to the grid. It is not just enough to say that the wind turbines should be connected to the grid because there are sufficient wind speeds to drive the wind turbine. Mostly, the stability and reliability studies must be carried out whenever wind power is to be connected to power system to predict severe consequences on the power system to which the wind generators will be connected. This paper therefore describes the wind energy potential in Nigeria and specifies the conditions to be met before the wind generator can be connected to the existing grid and how it can be connected. The paper also shows that short-circuit power at Point of Common Coupling (PCC) is the crucial value for the permissible installed power ratings of the turbine.
Simulation of filtration processes in deformable media Part 3.1: Basic concepts and particle-fluid force implementation of a non-spherical dirt particle solver

A Lagrangian solver to realistically model large, non-spherical dirt particles and their behaviour in the vicinity of deformable filtration fibres has been programmed. While this paper focuses on basic solver concepts as well as drag force implementations, a related article, concerning the realisation of interaction effects and result verification, is forthcoming, [3]. Within the framework of a digitally reconstructed, deformable filter fibre geometry, the solver traces the governing multi physics effects down to the occurrence of single force- and torque vectors. In order to go from an initial, spherical particle model [2], to a more sophisticated, non-spherical model, the capabilities of a Six Degrees of Freedom Solver have been included in the programming. A panel model and the concept of satellite help points are used to handle particles that encompass several fluid calculation cells.An innovative drag force implementation allows the consideration of rotational- and shear flow effects on particle motio.
Integrated Navigation Design Using a Gimbaled Vision/LiDAR System with an Approximate Ground Description Model

This paper presents a vision/LiDAR integrated navigation system that provides accurate relative navigation performance on a general ground surface, in GNSS-denied environments. The considered ground surface during flight is approximated as a piecewise continuous model, with flat and slope surface profiles. In its implementation, the presented system consists of a strapdown IMU, and an aided sensor block, consisting of a vision sensor and a LiDAR on a stabilized gimbal platform. Thus, two-dimensional optical flow vectors from the vision sensor, and range information from LiDAR to ground are used to overcome the performance limit of the tactical grade inertial navigation solution without GNSS signal. In filter realization, the INS error model is employed, with measurement vectors containing two-dimensional velocity errors, and one differenced altitude in the navigation frame. In computing the altitude difference, the ground slope angle is estimated in a novel way, through two bisectional LiDAR signals, with a practical assumption representing a general ground profile. Finally, the overall integrated system is implemented, based on the extended Kalman filter framework, and the performance is demonstrated through a simulation study, with an aircraft flight trajectory scenario.
Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Anti-infectives

A fundamental question in industrial organization regards the relationship between price and the number of sellers. This relationship has been particularly important in the pharmaceutical industry where legislative changes were specifically designed to foster competition. Previous research on the pharmaceutical industry has shown generic entry has a mixed impact; generic prices fall rapidly with generic entry, whereas branded prices tend to increase or decrease only slightly. Using more complete data, focused on one segment of the pharmaceutical industry--anti-infectives--we find that the relationship between pharmaceutical prices and the number of sellers is more like that found in other industries. (JEL L11, L65, D4) Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
The Influence of Individual Risk Behavior on Fertilizer Use Decision in Vietnam

Fake or substandard fertilizer is a growing concern in many countries. Even in places not affected by fertilizer quality problems, uncertainty could arise due to doubts about the effectiveness of fertilizer in general. Past literature has examined the impact of risk preferences on fertilizer use intensity. We build upon this literature by showing theoretically and empirically that the marginal effect might not be the same for farmers of different wealth levels. In our study area in northwestern Vietnam, low wealth farmers reduce their fertilizer intensity when their risk aversion increases. The marginal effect for high wealth farmers is insignificant.
This is a repository copy of Candidate Water Vapor Lines to Locate the H O Snowline 2 Through High-dispersion Spectroscopic Observations . II . The Case of a Herbig Ae Star

Observationally measuring the location of the H2O snowline is crucial for understanding the planetesimal and planet formation processes, and the origin of water on Earth. In disks around Herbig Ae stars (T∗ ∼10,000K,M∗ &2.5M⊙), the position of the H2O snowline is further from the central star compared with that around cooler, and less massive T Tauri stars. Thus, the H2O emission line fluxes from the region within the H2O snowline are expected to be stronger. In this paper, we calculate the chemical composition of a Herbig Ae disk using chemical kinetics. Next, we calculate the H2O emission line profiles, and investigate the properties of candidate water lines across a wide range of wavelengths (from mid-infrared to sub-millimeter) that can locate the position of the H2O snowline. Those line identified have small Einstein A coefficients (∼ 10− 10 s) and relatively high upper state energies (∼ 1000K). The total fluxes tend to increase with decreasing wavelengths. We investigate the possibility of future observations (e.g., ALMA, SPICA/SMI-HRS) to locate the position of the H2O snowline. Since the fluxes of those identified lines from Herbig Ae disks are stronger than those from T Tauri disks, the possibility of a successful detection is expected to increase for a Herbig Ae disk. Subject headings: astrochemistry— protoplanetary disks— ISM: molecules— sub-millimeter & infrared: planetary systems— stars: formation
Alkaline persulfate oxidation for determining total nitrogen in microbial biomass extracts

The CHCl₃ fumigation-extraction method for determining soil microbial N involves the extraction of CHCl₃-fumigated and CHCl₃-unfumigated samples with 0.5 M K₂SO₄, followed by determination of total N in the extracts. Total N is typically determined by Kjeldahl digestion (TKN) with the inclusion of NO⁻₂ and NO⁻₃ present. The determination of total N by TKN has several procedural constraints such as an initial concentration step, long digestion times, and considerable bumping caused by catalyst salts. In contrast, a persulfate oxidation method (TPN) commonly used for determination of total N in sea- and freshwater samples does not require a concentration step and is much simpler and faster than TKN. The objective of this study was to evaluate and adapt the TPN method to measure total N in 0.5 M K₂SO₄ extracts for determination of soil microbial biomass N. Studies were conducted to optimize reagent/sample (R/S) ratio and autoclaving time, and to evaluate the effects of C and N concentrations. These studies showed that complete N recovery can be obtained with a R/S ratio of 1 and an autoclaving time of 30 min in extracts containing as much as 250 mg glucose-C L⁻¹ at a C/N ratio of 10:1. A comparison of the optimized TPN method to TKN for extracts of 12 CHCL₃-fumigated soils indicated that the methods gave the same N recoveries. The use of the TPN method in 0.5 M K₂SO₄ extracts should facilitate more rapid and efficient measurements of soil microbial biomass N.
International School of Business EXAMINING SOME FACTORS AFFECTING TO TRAVELLING INTENTION OF SON DOONG CAVE

Nowadays, most countries in the world have identified that tourism is one of the most important economic sector. It contributes significantly and effectively to the development of economy, politic, society of one nation. This “non-smoke industry” has contributed a large portion of the GDP of many countries in the world. Therefore, tourism industry not only is important development strategy in Vietnam but also in other countries in the world. Son Doong Cave is a name which has been mentioned and found relevant information in recent time, and Son Doong Cave also is one great destination to discover both Vietnamese tourists and abroad ones who love discovery. However, the number of people who know and have a real trip explore Son Doong Cave is not much. Therefore, Son Doong Cave needs a specific strategy to develop its advantages and promote travel intention of tourists. It is necessary to explore factors affecting the intention of tourist to Son Doong Cave. This research will focus on the factors having relation with travel intention of tourists. This research is done by a thorough literature review on concepts relating to travel intention which the initial research model and hypotheses are constructed. Data was collected some famous places in Ho Chi Minh City with 200 observations, after that, it was researched to run confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results can be used as a reference for the government, authorities and travel companies to enhance and better the strategy and services of Son Doong Cave in the future.
The alterations of tyrosine and tryptophane residues along with the evolution of tumor: Determination by synchronous fluorescence spectra

Synchronous fluorescence spectra were applied to assess tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophane (Trp) residues in the plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor-bearing mice and in cultured cells (HepG2 and L-02). The results showed for the first time that the fluorescent intensities of Tyr and Trp residues increased significantly in the plasma proteins of patients suffering hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a correlation between the increase of murine plasma Tyr or Trp residues fluorescent intensities and the increasing time of tumor-bearing, indicating that the alterations of Tyr and Trp residues may be associated with tumor development. On the contrary, the fluorescent intensities of Tyr and Trp residues in tumor tissue or HepG2 cells decreased along with the increasing time of tumor-bearing or culture. These results suggested a profound imbalance of protein metabolism in tumor evolution process.
Kinetics of transit and degradation of the fiber from guinea grass silages enriched with waste from soybean pre-cleaning

The objective was to study the kinetics of transit and degradation of the fiber from guinea grass and the waste from soybean pre-cleaning (WSPC), ensiled with different proportions of mass (0, 100, 150, and 200 g WSPC/kg total mass). Four crossbred (Gyr × Holstein), fistulated cattle with an average body mass of 400±50 kg were organized in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. The fiber utilized in the study of the transit kinetics was stained with chromium mordant, whereas the in situ technique was adopted for the degradation kinetics. The level of inclusion of WSPC only affected the true digestibility and the mean retention time. The addition of waste from soybean pre-cleaning to the silage of guinea grass is beneficial, in terms of kinetics of digestion and passage, at up to levels close to 100 g/kg, because after this quantity the fiber digestion and passage in and through the reticulo-rumen are impaired and there may be alterations in the ruminal environment that will affect the use of silage by animals.
Usefulness of Coupling Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation withRoutine Physical Therapy in Spinal Spasticity with Intolerant Drug Sideeffects: A Case Report

Spasticity is a common complaint in patients with spinal cord injury. Clinically, spasticity is characterized by increased muscle tone, exaggerated tendon reflex, frequent muscle spasm and clonus. We report a case of worsening spasticity in a patient with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (ASIA B) as a consequence to urinary tract infection. The initial baclofen dose of 5 mg/dose three times per day was increased to 15 mg/dose three times/day with dosage increment at 3-day intervals by 15 mg (5 mg/dose). Marked weakness and vertigo was reported. He continued to suffer from severe spasms and trunk tightness that limited his daily activities and induced intolerable pain. The Modified Ashworth Score was increased from 1+ initially to 3, and the Pen Spasm frequency Score deteriorated from initial 1 to 3. After eradication of urinary tract infection with ciprofloxacin, spasticity did not improve, and so was administered with high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the parameters of frequency 100 Hz, pulse-width 0.2 millisecond, intensity 15 mA for the duration of 60 minutes for 3 weeks, coupling with routine physical therapy. After 3 week of TENS therapy, final Modified Ashworth Score reduced to 1+ , and Final Penn Spasm frequency Score was decreased to 2 with much improved quality of life. We also discuss the role of coupling transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with physical therapy in spinal spasticity.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MENTHA PULEGIUM ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST AVIAN ISOLATED ESBL PRODUCING BACTERIA AND ITS SYNERGISTIC POTENTIAL WITH ANTIBIOTICS

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Algerian Mentha pulegium essential oil against extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria isolated from avian livestock. The synergistic interactions between conventional antibiotics and Mentha pulegium essential oil were assessed. Methods : Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC/FID), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis. Antibacterial activity of Mentha pulegium essential oil against ESBL producing bacteria was investigated by disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil and it synergistic interaction with conventional antibiotics were determined by micro-broth dilution method and checkerboard test, respectively. Results : The results indicate that Mentha pulegium essential oil with a high amount of pulegone (88.78%) had high inhibitory activity against the tested strains and particularly displays a satisfactory action against the studied ESBL producing bacteria from animal origin, with a diameter ranging from 13 to 26 mm. Out of 51 combinations tested between essential oil and antibiotics 60.78 % showed total synergy, 13.72 % had presented a partial synergy. The best antibacterial activities were obtained with the combination of Mentha pulegium essential oil and cefazolin, cefotaxime and gentamycin. Conclusion: This study allowed concluding that Mentha pulegium essential oil showed not only satisfactory antibacterial properties, but also acts synergistically combined with conventional antibiotics, which make it a promising alternative to antimicrobial drugs; beside that, it might reduce the minimum effective dose of the drugs which minimizes their possible side effects.
Interactive Motion Prediction using Game Theory

This thesis considers the motion prediction problem in 2 locations where typically humans interact: a pedestrian hallway and a highway. \nThis study is obtained converting these scenarios in games, where each human is a player with a set of actions. Following the features of the game theory, we will make predictions on the motion of the players through the computation of the related Nash equilibria.
Influence of predator odour on the feeding behaviour of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776)

An experiment carried out under laboratory conditions addressed the influence exerted by the odour of a stoat, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, on the feeding behaviour of a root vole, Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776. Specifically, the impact of the odour on the chewing of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) shoots and consumption of food pellets by voles that were not sexually active was observed over a 14-day period. The floors of cages with individuals from the experimental group were sprinkled daily with a distilled-water rinse from a glass clamber in which a stoat had been confined, while cages holding control individuals were sprinkled with distilled water only. The uptake of food was monitored daily by checking the degree to which shoots had been chewed, as well as the amount of food pellets consumed. Stoat odour caused a significant reduction in chewing of the shoots but did not affect the amount of food pellets eaten. There was no significant influence of the scent on body mass, which suggests that the assim.
Synthesis of polycaprolactone-polyimide-polycaprolactone triblock copolymers via a 2-step sequential copolymerization and their application as carbon nanotube dispersants

Polyimides have attractive properties such as a strong interaction with 1D/2D carbon nanomaterials but their solubilities in common organic solvents are limited. We report a new synthesis route for triblock copolymers of polycaprolactone-polyimide-polycaprolactone (PCL-PI-PCL) via polycondensation followed by ring-opening polymerization. The prepared OH-PI-OH homopolymer precursors were reacted with two equivalents of stannous(II) octoate (Sn(Oct)2) to afford α,ω-dihydroxyl-terminated polyimide macroinitiators which can polymerize with e-caprolactone to obtain the final triblock copolymers (PCL-PI-PCL). Four different molecular weights of PCL-PI-PCL triblock copolymers with different lengths of PCL and PI blocks were synthesized to assess the best composition for carbon nanotube dispersion in a low boiling organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran, THF). The polyimide block interacts strongly with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through charge transfer, as shown by Raman spectroscopy, while the polycaprolactone block has a good solubility in THF. An optimised triblock copolymer disperses the carbon nanotubes in THF well even after standing for 1 h, while the PI homopolymer-dispersed SWNTs settled completely under the same conditions. We applied the new PCL-PI-PCL in SWNT-reinforced epoxy composites with the use of THF as the casting solvent. The optimised triblock copolymer-dispersed SWNTs (2 wt%) increased the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at maximum stress by 74%, 35%, and 62% respectively compared to the neat resin blend. The new synthesis route of the triblock copolymer is amenable to the synthesis of diverse PI-based triblock copolymers with various desired functionalities for myriad applications, such as for carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-based composites, water-based antibacterial dispersions, etc.
Good Policy Choices Even When Voters Entertain Biased Beliefs

We show that biased beliefs not necessarily lead to weak policy outcomes in democracy, as has been argued e.g. by Bryan Caplan (2007: The myth of the rational voter). In a gametheoretical approach of probabilistic voting, we in troduce the idea of biased beliefs and retrospective voting and show that there is a self-corre ction mechanism in democracy that may mitigate the problem of biased beliefs. In order to micro-found biased beliefs we introduce the psychological concept of mental models to address v oters’ naive reasoning about the economy. We show that democracy often suffers from mediocre mixtures of populist and good policies in equilibrium, but less from purely popul ist policy. Interesting institutional implications follow.