Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of energy consumption: Variable regression or time series? A case in China

Energy consumption is closely related to industrial structure, economic prosperity, and population. Because of the Granger causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption, many researchers consider the regression method to predict energy consumption using economic variables. However, some other researchers regard the time series method (forecast) to estimate for energy consumption. To address the advantages and disadvantages of two methods in energy consumption prediction, we performed the deep learning (DL) based on the case of China. The experiment results show that the accuracy of time series forecast is much higher than regression methods. In addition, we also explored the relationship between industry, economy, population, and energy consumption. We found that GDP, population, secondary sector, and tertiary sector were significant to energy consumption. A tertiary sector can help to reduce energy consumption to some extent. This could give suggestions about changing industry structure. More and more attention has been paid to energy intensity. The strategic approach to sustainable development requires reducing energy intensity while developing the economy. Since China is committed to achieving carbon emission peak by 2030, this paper predicts the energy intensity of China in the next decade based on a DL algorithm. The prediction results show that energy intensity would slightly decrease in the next decade. Different types of energy represent the industrial structure behind economic growth. Therefore, this paper was conducted using ridge regression (RR) to explore the relationship between different types of energy and energy intensity. In addition, the effect (positive or negative) of different energy sources in reducing energy intensity has also been explored. We found that the best way of developing the economy and reducing energy consumption is to use natural gas and hydroelectric instead of coal. This can guide policy development about changing energy source structure.
Facade Refurbishment For Energy Saving In Tube Houses A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam

This paper investigated the energy upgrade potentials of different facade refurbishment options in tube houses of Vietnam. A calibrated Design Builder model was created to simulate energy performance of different cases. Vietnamese technical regulation of energy efficiency building and Dutch standards were the two main guidelines for selection of refurbishing measures. The simulation results showed that applying Vietnamese technical regulation can save up to 9% of energy for heating and cooling. More interestingly, highly insulated facade that followed Dutch standards led to much more favourable results of 21% reduction in air conditioner consumption. It is worth to note that such improvement was by far only achieved with a night-time operation of air-conditioner, as how the system was working in the reference house. Shading devices were also tested on a southwest facade window. Horizontal overhang had very limited benefit of less than 6% reduction in cooling energy. An external blind could save up to 12.6% of cooling energy. However, as all three shading types had a negative effect in heating season, the maximum annual saving was only 7%.
Distributed Cyber Attacks Detection and Recovery Mechanism for Vehicle Platooning

This paper is concerned with the distributed attack detection and recovery in a vehicle platooning control system, wherein inter-vehicle information is propagated via a wireless communication network. An active adversary may launch malicious cyber attacks to compromise both sensor measurements and control command data due to the openness of the wireless communication. First, a distributed attack detection algorithm is developed to identify any of those attacks. The core of the algorithm lies in that each designed filter can provide two ellipsoidal sets: a state prediction set and a state estimation set. Whether a filter can detect the occurrence of such an attack is determined by the existence of intersection between these two sets. Second, two recovery mechanisms are put forward, through which the adversarial effects of cyber attacks can be mitigated in a timely manner. The recovery mechanisms depend on reliable modifications of the attacked signals required for the computation of the two ellipsoidal sets. Finally, simulation is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in both detection and recovery phases.
A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to the Seismic Assessment of the National Palace of Sintra

ABSTRACT The presence of important built heritage in Lisbon and surroundings, a seismically-prone area, always requests measures to protect them. The National Palace of Sintra, a complex structure composed of different unreinforced masonry buildings, is one of the most ancient palaces in Portugal. In order to perform a complete and adequate seismic assessment of the Palace, a multi-disciplinary expertise collaboration has been developed. An historical approach and a visual structural in-situ survey were conducted, before proceeding to experimental tests: samples removal, flat-jack tests, ambient vibration tests and Ground Penetrating Radar survey. All these tests are important to the characterization of the Palace and to develop calibrated numerical models. A 3D architectural model of the monument has been created in BIM software obtained from a laser-scanning survey. Since the Palace is a complex structure composed of several mutually interacting structural units, the seismic performance is developed for the different building units, considering the effect of the adjacent ones, the field survey and the results of the experimental campaign. The study is coordinated by Instituto Superior Técnico and promoted by Parques de Sintra — Monte da Lua, SA.
Four element ultra‐wideband fractal multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna

A four elements fractal antenna for UWB multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) applications is presented. Each element comprises three iterations of inner tapered rectangular radiator and rectangular notch loaded coplanar waveguide rectangular ground planes. A rotated “+”shaped rectangular strip pair is introduced to enhance the isolation between two diagonally opposite elements. This antenna is operating over a frequency spectrum of 4.8‐19.4 with an intra‐element isolation of more than 15 dB. In addition to good radiation characteristics, desirable values of diversity performance parameters are achieved.
Around View Monitoring-Based Vacant Parking Space Detection and Analysis

Accelerated urbanization and the ensuing rapid increase in urban populations led to the need for a tremendous number of parking spaces. Automated parking systems coupled with new parking lot layouts can effectively address the need. However, most automated parking systems available on the market today use ultrasonic sensors to detect vacant parking spaces. One limitation of this method is that a reference vehicle must be parked in an adjacent space, and the accuracy of distance information is highly dependent on the positioning of the reference vehicle. To overcome this limitation, an around view monitoring-based method for detecting parking spaces and algorithms analyzing the vacancy of the space are proposed in this study. The framework of the algorithm comprises two main stages: parking space detection and space occupancy classification. In addition, a highly robust analysis method is proposed to classify parking space occupancy. Two angles of view were used to detect features, classified as road or obstacle features, within the parking space. Road features were used to provide information regarding the possible vacancy of a parking space, and obstacle features were used to provide information regarding the possible occupancy of a parking space. Finally, these two types of information were integrated to determine whether a specific parking space is occupied. The experimental settings in this study consisted of three common settings: an indoor parking lot, an outdoor parking lot, and roadside parking spaces. The final tests showed that the method’s detection rate was lower in indoor settings than outdoor settings because lighting problems are severer in indoor settings than outdoor settings in around view monitoring (AVM) systems. However, the method achieved favorable detection performance overall. Furthermore, we tested and compared performance based on road features, obstacle features, and a combination of both. The results showed that integrating both types of features produced the lowest rate of classification error.
Hybrid RF-Solar Energy Harvesting Systems Utilizing Transparent Multiport Micromeshed Antennas

The design of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and solar energy harvesting (EH) system utilizing a transparent multiport antenna for indoor applications is described. The system incorporates an eight-port transparent antenna, operating in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz band, and is constructed from transparent copper micromeshed planar conductor. The antenna is integrated on the top surface of a solar cell with rectifiers positioned underneath to form a hybrid RF-solar indoor EH system. A key advantage of this approach is that the surface area of the solar cell is reused for the antenna saving space. Another novelty is the use of a multiport antenna for increasing the RF harvested energy. It is demonstrated that with a light intensity of 360 lux, the solar cell can obtain 1.68-mW power while the rectenna can achieve an additional 4.8%–45.8% harvested power when the incident RF input power density is varied from 13.30 to 52.96 mW/m2. The transparent antenna achieves 72.4% efficiency and is one of the highest reported results. In addition, the rectifiers obtain 53.2% RF-to-dc conversion efficiency for an RF input power of −10 dBm. These results demonstrate that the proposed RF-solar energy harvester can increase harvested energy and provide energy diversity.
Quantitative CT Analysis for Predicting the Behavior of Part-Solid Nodules with Solid Components Less than 6 mm: Size, Density and Shape Descriptors

Persistent part-solid nodules (PSNs) with a solid component <6 mm usually represent minimally invasive adenocarcinomas and are significantly less aggressive than PSNs with a solid component ≥6 mm. However, not all PSNs with a small solid component behave in the same way: some nodules exhibit an indolent course, whereas others exhibit more aggressive behavior. Thus, predicting the future behavior of this subtype of PSN remains a complex and fascinating diagnostic challenge. The main purpose of this study was to apply open-source software to investigate which quantitative computed tomography (CT) features may be useful for predicting the behavior of a select group of PSNs. We retrospectively selected 50 patients with a single PSN with a solid component <6 mm and diameter <15 mm. Computerized analysis was performed using ImageJ software for each PSN and various quantitative features were calculated from the baseline CT images. The area, perimeter, mean Feret diameter, linear mass density, circularity and solidity were significantly related to nodule growth (p ≤ 0.031). Therefore, quantitative CT analysis was helpful for predicting the future behavior of a select group of PSNs with a solid component <6 mm and diameter <15 mm.
Control of Uncertain Time Delay System with Astatism and Parametric and Periodic Uncertainties using SSV and Factorization for Two-Degree-of-Freedom-Controller

Abstract: Application of the Robust Control Toolbox for Time Delay Systems with Parametric and Periodic Uncertainties Using SSV (Structured Singular Value) for the Matlab system to uncertain time delay system with astatism is performed. The D-K iteration and the algebraic approach implemented in the toolbox are applied to 2nd order system with astatism and uncertain time delay and two other parameters in the numerator and denominator of the plant transfer function. Multiplicative uncertainty is used for treating uncertain time delay, the parametric uncertainty is modelled using general interconnection for the systems with parametric uncertainty in numerator and denominator.
Design and analysis of coupled-inductor switched-capacitor boost DC-AC inverter

ABSTRACT This study suggested a simple structure of coupled-inductor switched-capacitor inverter (CISCI) to attain the goal of high-gain boost DC-AC conversion & closed-loop regulation. Its power part consists of a coupled-inductor switched-capacitor booster (one coupled-inductor device with turn ratio n, two pumping capacitors, one switch) and a two-bridge-capacitor-based DC-link inverter, so as to obtain the range of a DC-AC gain as: ( is a ratio cycle of charging coupled inductor). The CISCI control part consists of a phase generator and a sinusoidal pulse-width-modulation compensator (mainly implemented by full-custom fabrication on a chip: D35-104B-E0013, TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M, 750 × 700 μm2, 3.3 V, 3.889 mW, max frequency: 100kHz), in order not only to perform the timing operation of topologies, but also to reinforce output regulation (to various desired output) and robustness (to loading variation). Furthermore, the related discussions include: modelling, steady-state analysis, boosting gain, power efficiency, selection of inductance and capacitance, stability and control design. Finally, these results from simulation agree with the validity of analysis and design, and the results from experiment go through the verification of the CISCI prototype to prove the efficacy of the presented inverter.
A Workflow for Optimization of Flow Control Devices in SAGD

In McMurray Formation, steam assisted gravity drainage is used as the primary in-situ recovery technique to recover oil sands. Different geological reservoir settings and long horizontal wells impose limitations and operational challenges on the implementation of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). The dual-string tubing system is the conventional completion scheme in SAGD. In complex reservoirs where dual-string completion cannot improve the operation performance, operators have adopted flow control devices (FCDs) to improve project economics. FCDs secure more injection/production points along the horizontal sections of the SAGD well pairs, hence, they maximize ultimate bitumen recovery and minimize cumulative steam-oil ratio (cSOR). This paper will focus on the optimization of outflow control devices (OCDs) in SAGD reservoirs with horizontal wellbore undulations. We present the detailed optimization workflow and show the optimization results for various scenarios with well pair trajectory undulation. Comparing the results of the optimized OCDs case with a dual-string case of the same SAGD model shows improvements in steam distribution, steam chamber growth, bitumen production, and net present value (NPV).
Robust attitude estimation using an adaptive unscented Kalman filter

This paper presents the robust Adaptive unscented Kalman filter (RAUKF) for attitude estimation. Since the proposed algorithm represents attitude as a unit quaternion, all basic tools used, including the standard UKF, are adapted to the unit quaternion algebra. Additionally, the algorithm adopts an outlier detector algorithm to identify abrupt changes in the UKF innovation and an adaptive strategy based on covariance matching to tune the measurement covariance matrix online. Adaptation and outlier detection make the proposed algorithm robust to fast and slow perturbations such as magnetic field interference and linear accelerations. Experimental results with a manipulator robot suggest that our method overcomes other algorithms found in the literature.
Low computation digital down converter using polyphase IIR filter

Purpose The digital down converter (DDC) is a principal component in modern communication systems. The DDC process traditionally entails quadrature down conversion, bandwidth reducing filters and commensurate sample rate reduction. To avoid group delay, distortion linear phase FIR filters are used in the DDC. The filter performance specifications related to deep stopband attenuation, small in-band ripple and narrow transition bandwidth lead to filters with a large number of coefficients. To reduce the computational workload of the filtering process, filtering is often performed as a two-stage process, the first stage being a down sampling Hoegenauer (or cascade-integrated comb) filter and a reduced sample rate FIR filter. An alternative option is an M-Path polyphase partition of a band cantered FIR filter. Even though IIR filters offer reduced workload to implement a specific filtering task, the authors avoid using them because of their poor group delay characteristics. This paper aims to propose the design of M-path, approximately linear phase IIR filters as an alternative option to the M-path FIR filter. Design/methodology/approach Two filter designs are presented in the paper. The first approach uses linear phase IIR low pass structure to reduce the filter’s coefficient. Whereas the second approach uses multipath polyphase structure to design approximately linear phase IIR filter in DDC. Findings The authors have compared the performance and workload of the proposed polyphase structured IIR filters with state-of-the-art filter design used in DDC. The proposed design is seen to satisfy tight design specification with a significant reduction in arithmetic operations and required power consumption. Originality/value The proposed design is an alternate solution to the M-path polyphase FIR filter offering very less number of coefficients in the filter design. Proposed DDC using polyphase structured IIR filter satisfies the requirement of linear phase with the least number of computation cost in comparison with other DDC structure.
Modified Switching Table-Based Direct Torque Control of Six-Phase Induction Motor Drive

Abstract This paper presents “Switching Table based Direct Torque Control” of Six-Phase Induction Motor (SPIM) Drive. The SPIM consists of two sets of stator windings spatially shifted by an angle of 30°. The extension of DTC technique of three-phase induction motor for a six-phase induction motor yields conventional DTC, in which one large voltage vector per sampling period is utilized. This technique suffers from large stator current harmonics of the order of 6k ± 1 (k = 1, 3, 5.). Initially, the conventional DTC technique has been implemented for comparison purpose. Further, its performance is improved by using two voltage vectors in each sampling period. In order to investigate the performance of ST-DTC based SPIM, a simulation study is carried out under different operating conditions. To validate the simulation results, a prototype model of six-phase induction motor rated for 1.5 kW, 200 V, 50 Hz is developed. Results obtained during simulation and experimentation show the effectiveness of modified ST-DTC technique in the reduction of stator current harmonics.
Estimation of Link Travel Time Distribution With Limited Traffic Detectors

Motivated by the network tomography, in this paper, we present a novel methodology to estimate link travel time distributions (TTDs) using end-to-end (E2E) measurements detected by the limited traffic detectors at or near the road intersections. As it is not necessary to monitor the traffic in each link, the proposed estimator can be readily implemented in real life. The technical contributions of this paper are as follows: First, we employ the kernel density estimator (KDE) to model link travel times instead of parametric models, e.g., Gaussian distribution. It is able to capture the dynamic of link travel times that vary with the change of road conditions. The model parameters are estimated with the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shortest path algorithm, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-means-based algorithm, as well as expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Second, to reduce the complexity of parameter estimation, we further propose a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-opt and an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-means -based algorithm. Finally, we validate our proposed method using a dataset consisting of 3.0e +07 GPS trajectories collected by the taxicabs in Xi’an, China. With the metrics of Kullback Leibler and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the experimental results show that the link TTDs obtained from our proposed model are in excellent agreement with the empirical distributions, provided that ∼ 70% of the intersections are equipped with traffic detectors.
The Backbone of Decision Support Systems: The Sensor to Decision Chain

Understanding the current situation is critical in every natural disaster or crisis. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and up-to-date information about the scope, extent and impact of a disaster. The basis for this information is data that is available through a variety of sensors. Decision Support Systems (DSSs) support decision makers in disaster management, response, and recovery by providing early warnings, insights into the current situation and recommendations for mitigation actions. For this purpose, raw sensor data needs to be collected, analyzed, integrated, and its semantics need to be automatically understood by the system. This series of processes forms a generic sensor to decision chain. In this paper, we present solutions and technologies to integrate those steps seamlessly, also demonstrating how each step of the pipeline can be visualized.
Geometric Adaptive Robust Sliding-mode Control on SO(3)

This paper addresses the rigid body attitude tracking control on the manifold SO(3) . This modeling scheme can avoid the singularity and ambiguity associated with local parameterization representations such as Euler angles and quaternion. A robust and almost global asymptotic stability control system is designed considering the parameters uncertainty and external interference. Based on the coordinate-free geodesic attitude error scalar function with its deduced attitude and velocity error vectors, a geometric asymptotic convergent sliding-mode surface is designed firstly. Then, a geometric sliding-mode controller is introduced to enhance the robustness of the system for the low-amplitude fast-time-varying disturbances. Moreover, in order to attenuate the effect of the parameters uncertainty and slow-time-varying disturbance, two adaptive functions are employed to obtain the feedforward compensation. Comparison studies and simulation results show that the proposed controller is more practical with a high accuracy, strong robustness, less chattering and simple structure.
Highly sensitive airborne open path optical hygrometer for upper air measurements – proof of concept

A concept of a highly sensitive and fast-response airborne optoelectronic hygrometer, based on the absorption spectroscopy with laser light tuned to an intense ro-vibronic absorption line of H 2 O in the 1391– 1393 nm range is presented. The target application of this study is airborne atmospheric measurements, in particular at the top of troposphere and in stratosphere. The cavity ring-down spectroscopy was used to achieve high sensitivity. In order to avoid interference of the results by water desorbed from the instrument walls, the open-path solution was applied. Tests of the instrument, performed in a climatic chamber, have shown some advantages of this concept over typical hygrometers designed for similar applications.