Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-resource named entity recognition via multi-source projection: Not quite there yet?

Projecting linguistic annotations through word alignments is one of the most prevalent approaches to cross-lingual transfer learning. Conventional wisdom suggests that annotation projection “just works” regardless of the task at hand. We carefully consider multi-source projection for named entity recognition. Our experiment with 17 languages shows that to detect named entities in true low-resource languages, annotation projection may not be the right way to move forward. On a more positive note, we also uncover the conditions that do favor named entity projection from multiple sources. We argue these are infeasible under noisy low-resource constraints.
Timing of blooms, algal food quality and Calanus glacialis reproduction and growth in a changing Arctic

The Arctic bloom consists of two distinct categories of primary producers, ice algae growing within and on the underside of the sea ice, and phytoplankton growing in open waters. Long chain omega‐3 fatty acids, a subgroup of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced exclusively by these algae, are essential to all marine organisms for successful reproduction, growth, and development. During an extensive field study in the Arctic shelf seas, we followed the seasonal biomass development of ice algae and phytoplankton and their food quality in terms of their relative PUFA content. The first PUFA‐peak occurred in late April during solid ice cover at the onset of the ice algal bloom, and the second PUFA‐peak occurred in early July just after the ice break‐up at the onset of the phytoplankton bloom. The reproduction and growth of the key Arctic grazer Calanus glacialis perfectly coincided with these two bloom events. Females of C. glacialis utilized the high‐quality ice algal bloom to fuel early maturation and reproduction, whereas the resulting offspring had access to ample high‐quality food during the phytoplankton bloom 2 months later. Reduction in sea ice thickness and coverage area will alter the current primary production regime due to earlier ice break‐up and onset of the phytoplankton bloom. A potential mismatch between the two primary production peaks of high‐quality food and the reproductive cycle of key Arctic grazers may have negative consequences for the entire lipid‐driven Arctic marine ecosystem.
Irrigation Energy Consumption in a Tropical Lowland Rice Field

Available and limited water resources are seeing high demand from many sectors such as agriculture, industry and domestic households. In water allocation, the quantification of water in terms of energy used for water supply is more appropriate in terms of economic aspects. This study was undertaken to assess the embodied in irrigation for a lowland tropical rice production system. The irrigation energy requirements for the off and main cropping seasons were estimated based on crop water requirements at different cropping stages. Experimental results indicate that there are significant differences among the irrigation energy requirements of the various cropping stages, with the highest values of 4625.34 MJ ha -1 and 3843.93 MJ ha -1 observed for the mid-season stage in the off-season and main season, respectively. The off-season irrigation energy requirements for the rice variety MR 219 were found to be 32.6%, 26.8%, 20.3% and 271.7% higher than the main season for the initial stage, crop development stage, mid-season stage and late-season stage, respectively. There is a significant difference in irrigation energy requirement among the seasons and crop growth stages. Crop Water Use Efficiency (CWUE) in the off season (0.26 kg/m 3 ) is higher than the CWUE in the main season (0.23 kg/m 3 ) which is attributed to better water management and yields during the off season due to water shortage. Irrigation energy productivity (IEP) of rice in the off season and the main season at Tanjong Karang is 0.26 and 0.29, respectively. In terms of irrigation energy spent, the main season shows better performance where a part of irrigation requirement is met by rainfall. Irrigation energy, CWUE and IEP can be used in decision making on the profitability of growing rice in different seasons. Key Words: Irrigation; Energy; Season; Growth Stage; Rice DOI: 10.4038/jas.v5i1. 2318 Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.5(1) 2010 pp.1-8
The Impact of Translation Equivalence on Tunisian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Knowledge and Word-Learnability

One of the most pivotal challenges that learners may face, during foreign language learning, is building a reliable lexicon. Insufficient vocabulary knowledge may put serious obstacles in the foreign language learning process. Thus, students need to equip themselves with different strategies to cope with these difficulties. Translation equivalence (TE) is one of these strategies. Since the success or failure of any vocabulary learning strategy depends on two main factors: developing the learners’ vocabulary knowledge and the extent of difficulty or ease with which the learner acquires new words, this research aims at investigating the impact of this strategy on EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge and word learnability. 258 Tunisian 9th graders participated in this project. Two vocabulary recognition tests, one using translation equivalence and the other using only-English strategies, were used to test the hypotheses. Different statistical tests and techniques were employed to analyze data. Findings showed that TE has a positive impact on learners’ vocabulary knowledge and revealed that students, at this level of proficiency, learn vocabulary through translation better than any other strategy using only English.
Convergence or Divergence? Educational Discrepancies in Work-Care Arrangements of Mothers with Young Children in Germany

This study examines how educational differences in work-care patterns among mothers with young children in Germany changed between 1997 and 2013. Since the mid-2000s, Germany has undergone a paradigm shift in parental leave and childcare policies. Our comparative analysis of East and West Germany provides new evidence on whether the long-standing gender regime differences interact with recent developments of social class inequalities in the changing family policy context. The analyses include pooled binary and multinomial logistic regressions based on 17,764 observations of 8604 children below the age of three years from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). The findings point to growing educational divergence in work-care arrangements in East and West Germany: employment and day-care use increased more strongly among families with medium and highly educated mothers compared to those with low education. This has critical implications for the latter’s economic security. The decline in the use of informal childcare options was, however, fairly homogenous.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium in Cattle Milk and Some Milk products in elsharkia Governorate

The use of raw milk in the production of cheese and other dairy products considered as potential public health risk associated with bovine tuberculosis , as viable mycobacteria (including M. bovis) have been found to survive in unpasteurized cheeses. Unpasteurized milk derived from infected cows was regarded as the principal vehicle of infection for humans before the advent of compulsory milk pasteurization. A total of 459 samples were collected including 200 milk samples, 85 icecream samples ,97 kareish cheese samples and 77 yoghurt samples. 100 milk samples were collected from (3) private farms and 100 milk samples were collected from street venders as well as the milk products samples which collected randomly from dairy farms and markets. All milk and milk products samples were prepared and examined by conventional methods ( cultural and microscopic procedures) as well as by using real time PCR. The conventional culture technique showed that, Out of 459 examined milk and milk products samples, 12 samples were positive for Mycobacterium bovis with a percentage of 2.6% . Regarding to conventional culture technique on raw milk samples, 5 out of 200 were positive to Mycobacterium bovis with a percentage of isolation reached (2.5 %). While (2) out of 97 kareish cheese samples were positive with a percentage of (2%) and (2) samples out of 85 ice cream samples were positive with a percentage of (2.3%) . While the results of PCR revealed( 8 ) of examined milk samples were positive and ( 9) milk products samples were positive for mycobacterium bovis using real time PCR.
Novel Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Fuzzy Logic

Cognitive radio is a technology initiated by many research organizations and academic institutions to raise the spectrum utilization of underutilized channels in order to alleviate spectrum scarcity problem to a larger extent. Spectrum handoff is initiated due to appearance of primary user (PU) on the channels occupied by the secondary user (SU) at that time and location or interference to the PU exceeds the certain threshold. In this paper, we propose a novel spectrum handoff algorithm using fuzzy logic based approach that does two important functions: 1) adjusts transmission power of SU intelligently in order to avoid handoff by reducing harmful interference to PUs and 2) takes handoff decisions intelligently in the light of new parameter such as expected holding time (HT) of the channel as one of its antecedent. Simulated results show impact analysis of selection of the channel in the light of HT information and the comparison with random selection algorithm demonstrates that there is considerable reduction in handoff rate of SU.
PHOTOMETRIC ATLAS OF THE SOLAR SPECTRUM

The first improvement concerns the quality of the instrumental profile of large grating spectrometers. Already in 1964, two of the authors of this work (L. D. and G. R.) showed the very great interest to use a grating iri a double pass arrangement, with a narrow intermediate slit. The resulting instrumental profile is reaIly limited to a narrow spectral region. It is free from aIl the satellites, periodic or not, due to the imperfections in the ruling of the grating. Thus, one of the sources of scattered light is suppressed. Besides, further corrections for the effect of the instrumental profile becomes easier. The experimental works which permitted us to show these advantages have been greatly facilitated by the availability of stabilized lasers, emitting in single mode, at different wavelengths.
Simulating Quantum Computers Using OpenCL

Quantum computing is an emerging technology, promising a paradigm shift in computing, and allowing for speedups in many different problems. However, quantum devices are still in their early stages, most with only a small number qubits. This places a reliance on simulation to develop quantum algorithms and to verify these devices. While there exists many algorithms for the simulation of quantum circuits, there is (at the time of writing) no tools which use OpenCL to parallelize this simulation, thereby taking advantage of devices such as GPUs while still remaining portable. In this paper, such a tool is described, including optimizations in areas such as gate application. This leads to a new approach that outperforms other popular state vector based simulators. An implementation of the proposed simulator is available at this https URL.
Are librarians teachers? Investigating academic librarians’ perceptions of their own teaching skills

Librarian roles in the education sector increasingly include teaching responsibilities, therefore librarians need to know more about teaching theory and techniques in order to provide high-quality information literacy (IL) teaching. There has been little published research into how librarians conceive of their teaching, their skills and themselves as teachers. This research, initially conducted for a Masters dissertation in the Information School at the University of Sheffield, investigates the variation in conceptions of their own teaching skills among academic librarians who teach IL in higher education (HE). It was investigated whether participants would describe themselves as teachers, whether they are influenced by teaching theories (and which ones), and whether they are actually teaching or training. Firstly the literature on pedagogy for IL, approaches to teaching IL in HE, and librarians as teachers, was reviewed before the research and its findings are discussed. A phenomenographic approach was used. A purposive sample of six librarians who teach IL in HE institutions in the north of England was chosen, selected to ensure maximum variation between participants and the resulting conceptions. Six interviews were conducted using phenomenographic techniques to encourage participants to talk about their conceptions, and the interviews were then transcribed and analysed. The data gives rise to four categories of description, each of which describes a conception that librarians hold of themselves and their teaching:: teacher-librarian; learning support; librarian who teaches; and trainer. The variation between categories is determined by interviewees’ conceptions of themselves, their teaching, IL, and other teachers. The results suggest that further support and training for librarians and library and information science (LIS) students would be beneficial and more in-depth and larger-scale research is recommended to test these conceptions and understand in greater detail the training experience and needs of librarians who teach. This article is based on a paper presented at LILAC 2015.
Emerging Approaches for the Treatment of Fat Malabsorption Due to Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

The main purpose of the gastrointestinal tract is to digest and absorb nutrients (fat, carbohydrates, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and trace minerals), water, and electrolytes. Digestion involves both mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of food. Mechanical processes include chewing, gastric churning, and the to-and-fro mixing in the small intestine. Enzymatic hydrolysis is initiated by intraluminal processes requiring gastric, pancreatic, and biliary secretions. The final products of digestion are absorbed through the intestinal epithelial cells.
Matching and Searching the Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls are of immense historical significance. Unfortunately, the scrolls have deteriorated over the millennia and continue to deteriorate since their discovery. Thus, it is of paramount importance to preserve for posterity the current state of the material as best as possible. This goal is being pursued in various ways. One is via the ongoing digitization efforts of the Israel Antiquities Authority, which complement the older infrared images of plates of fragments done under the auspices of the Palestine Archaeological Museum. Each of the thousands of parchment and papyrus fragments is carefully placed on a black felt background and then photographed at high resolution. Resultant color and infrared images are being made available to all in the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library.At the same time, we are in the midst of an international project with the goal of designing and building algorithmic tools that will relate the different images of scroll fragments with each other and with their textual transcriptions. As part of this effort, we are in the process of incorporating a deep-learning based segmentation method into the pipeline, which will allow one to manipulate images of the individual fragments themselves. Previous segmentation efforts succeeded in removing most of the shadows from the older images but failed to remove from the foreground of the new images those parts that show the Japanese tissue paper used by conservators to strengthen the edges of the fragment and hold it in place.We solve the problem of identifying and removing the tissue from the segmented images. This advance dramatically improves the effectiveness of our matching algorithms for searching among the old plates for the location of the newly-digitized fragments. In particular, the improved matching has allowed us to locate two fragments whose positions on the old plates were not recorded. The matching algorithm is being incorporated in the new platform and will begin serving scroll scholars in the near future.
Light Field Depth Estimation on Off-the-Shelf Mobile GPU

While novel light processing algorithms have been continuously introduced, it is still challenging to perform light field processing on a mobile device with limited computation resource due to the high dimensionality of light field data. Recently, the performance of mobile graphics processing unit (GPU) increases rapidly and GPGPU on mobile GPU utilizes massive parallel computation to solve various computer vision problems with high computational complexity. To show the potential capability of light field processing on mobile GPU, we parallelize and optimize the state-of-the-art light field depth estimation which is essential to many light field applications. We employ both algorithm and kernel-based optimization to enable light field processing on mobile GPU. Light field processing involves independent pixel processing with intensive floating-point operations that can be vectorized to match single instruction multiple data (SIMD) style of GPU architecture. We design efficient memory access, caching, and prefetching to exploit light field properties. The experimental result shows that the light field depth estimation on mobile GPU obtains comparable performance as on the desktop CPU. The proposed optimization method gains up to 25 times speedup compared to the naïve baseline method.
Text stream mining for Massive Open Online Courses: review and perspectives

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) systems have recently received significant recognition and are increasingly attracting the attention of education providers and educational researchers. MOOCs are neither precisely defined nor sufficiently researched in terms of their properties and usage. The large number of students enrolled in these courses can lead to insufficient feedback given to the students. A stream of student posts to courses’ forums makes the problem even more difficult. Students’–MOOCs’ interactions can be exploited using text mining techniques to enhance learning and personalise the learners’ experience. In this paper, the open issues in MOOCs are outlined. Text mining and streaming text mining techniques which can contribute to the success of these systems are reviewed and some open issues in MOOC systems are addressed. Finally, our vision of an intelligent personalised MOOC feedback management system that we term iMOOC is outlined.
Leukemogenesis associated miRNAs regulate OSKM and Tp53 genes

The last decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their functions in both normal and abnormal physiological contexts. Myeloid leukaemias are extremely diverse and complex diseases. Their occurrence has been demonstrated to be correlated with miRNAs expression aberrations. In order to identify miRNAs that have main role in regulation of OSKM factors and Tp53, here we present an in-depth analysis of miRNomes in human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) cell line, HL-60 and one human Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) cell line, K562, via high-throughput sequencing. Small RNA sequences obtained by high throughput sequencing of normal peripheral blood samples and myeloid cell lines K562 and HL60 were analysed to identify known miRNAs expression patterns. Target genes of the miRNAs were also identified using miRTarBase database. All the unique transcripts were used for the functional annotation exploiting the blast2go functional annotation tool. Our miRNome analysis identified about 50 miRNAs with complementary sites within target mRNAs of OSKM and Tp53 transcription factors. They included miR-335, miR-126, miR-34c, miR-21, miR-340, miR-10b, miR-25, miR-130a, miR-103a and miR-107. They were differentially expressed in myeloid cell lines. The unique expression patterns of miRNAs in cell lines confirm cell type and context dependent expression of miRNAs. Moreover, we identified a number of miRNAs that were differentially expressed in myeloid cell lines acting as regulators of OSKM and Tp53 transcription factor genes. These findings suggest the existence of complicated crosstalk mechanisms between identified differentially expressed miRNAs and these factors. This underlines the importance and complexity of the functional roles of dysregulated miRNAs in leukemogenesis. That act by disturbing some essential networks related to proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction, cell division and tumor suppression.
Electron cyclotron current drive experiments on DIII-D

Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have been performed using 60 GHz waves launched from the high field side of the torus. Preliminary analysis indicates rf driven currents between 50 and 100 kA in discharges with total plasma currents between 200 and 500 kA. These are the first ECCD experiments with strong first pass absorption, localized deposition of the rf power, and {tau}{sub E} much longer than the slowing-down time of the rf generated current carriers. The experimentally measured profiles for T{sub e}, {eta}{sub e} and Z{sub eff} are used as input for a 1D transport code and a multiply-ray, 3D ray tracing code. Comparisons with theory and assessment of the influence of the residual electric field, using a Fokker-Planck code, are in progress. The ECH power levels were between 1 and 1.5 MW with pulse lengths of about 500 msec. ECCD experiments worldwide are motivated by issues relating to the physics and technical advantages of the use of high frequency rf waves to drive localized currents. ECCD is accomplished by preferentially heating electrons moving in one toroidal direction, reducing their collisionality and thereby producing a non-inductively driven toroidal current. 6 refs., 4 figs.
Connecting surface emissions, convective uplifting, and long‐range transport of carbon monoxide in the upper troposphere: New observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

Two years of observations of upper tropospheric (UT) carbon monoxide (CO) from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder are analyzed; in combination with the CO surface emission climatology and data from the NCEP analyses. It is shown that spatial distribution, temporal variation and long‐range transport of UT CO are closely related to the surface emissions, deep‐convection and horizontal winds. Over the Asian monsoon region, surface emission of CO peaks in boreal spring due to high biomass burning in addition to anthropogenic emission. However, the UT CO peaks in summer when convection is strongest and surface emission of CO is dominated by anthropogenic source. The long‐range transport of CO from Southeast Asia across the Pacific to North America, which occurs most frequently during boreal summer, is thus a clear imprint of Asian anthropogenic pollution influencing global air quality.