Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of dynamic location updation strategies for mobile users

This paper focuses on the important issue of strategies for tracking users in a mobile communication network. Since the users are mobile, the network must keep track of where the users are, a prerequisite for routing calls to the users. We assume that the mobile users periodically inform the network of their present location. Now, it is very important to decide an efficient location updation strategy that will optimize the overhead in terms of usage of radio spectrum and power, as well as the search cost for a mobile when a call is to be set up. Static location updation strategies often result in poor performance. Three dynamic location updation strategies have been considered, namely, the time-based strategy, the movement-based strategy and the distance-based strategy. A memoryless movement pattern on a two-dimensional mesh topology of cells has been studied. Analytical models have been developed to compare the performance of the strategies. Simulation studies also have been made for performance evaluation.
Heterogeneity of Rabbit Aortic Endothelial Cells in Primary Culture 1

Abstract Factor VHI-related antigen (F8-RAg) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are accepted diagnostic markers of endothelial cells in culture. However, when we isolated cells from rabbit thoracic aorta (after collagenase treatment and gentle scraping of the intima) and examined them with immunoperoxidase techniques, we observed two cell types which stained specifically for either F8-RAg or ACE, but not both. Each cell type was morphologically distinguishable in primary culture. F8-RAg-positive cells were recognizable in distinct patches as more elongated, tightly apposed, and firmly adherent cells; they exhibited only faint or no staining for ACE and no accumulation of a fluorescent, acetylated low-density lipoprotein probe (Dil-Ac-LDL), another endothelial cell marker. In contrast, ACE-positive cells were more rounded, less closely apposed, and grew as strict monolayers that exhibited a characteristic cobblestone appearance at confluence; ACE-positive cells were F8-RAg negative, but demonstrated intense labeling with Dil-Ac-LDL. Subcultures of ACE-positive cells were also stained by anti-rabbit thrombomodulin.
Long-Term Neuroprotective Effect of Postischemic Hypothermia in a Neonatal Rat Model of Severe Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Comparative Study on the Duration and Depth of Hypothermia

It is not known whether deeper or longer hypothermia (HT) can achieve better neuroprotection against hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. To compare the neuroprotective effects of different durations and temperatures of postischemic HT in neonatal rats with severe HIE, 7-d-old rats were subjected to the Rice-Vannucci model for 150 min hypoxia. Only the rats with identified brain lesions in diffusion-weighted MRI were assigned to normothermia (NT, 36°C/48 h) or four HT (HT-30°C/48 h; HT-30°C/24 h; HT-33°C/48 h; and HT-33°C/24 h) groups. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and T2-weighted MRI were obtained serially, and functional studies were performed. HT groups showed significantly greater residual hemispheric volume and better rotarod and cylinder tests than did the NT group at 5 wk postischemia. HT groups also showed lower lactate-plus-lipid level in 1H-MRS than did the NT group at 7 d postischemia. All of these outcome variables, however, did not differ among the 4 HT subgroups, despite a trend toward greater residual brain volume in the 48-h HT versus 24-h HT subgroups. In conclusion, neither reducing the target temperature from 33 to 30°C nor prolonging the duration from 24 to 48 h produced further improvements in neurologic outcomes in neonatal rat with HIE.
Direct Isolation of Satellite Cells for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Muscle satellite cells contribute to muscle regeneration. We have used a Pax3GFP/+ mouse line to directly isolate (Pax3)(green fluorescent protein)–expressing muscle satellite cells, by flow cytometry from adult skeletal muscles, as a homogeneous population of small, nongranular, Pax7+, CD34+, CD45–, Sca1– cells. The flow cytometry parameters thus established enabled us to isolate satellite cells from wild-type muscles. Such cells, grafted into muscles of mdx nu/nu mice, contributed both to fiber repair and to the muscle satellite cell compartment. Expansion of these cells in culture before engraftment reduced their regenerative capacity.
Supramolecular hydrogen-bonded networks in adeninediium hemioxalate chloride and adeninium semioxalate hemi(oxalic acid) monohydrate.

In 9H-adenine-1,7-diium hemioxalate chloride, C(5)H(7)N(5)(2+). 0.5C(2)O(4)(2-). Cl(-), (I), adenine is doubly protonated, while in 7H-adenin-1-ium semioxalate hemi(oxalic acid) monohydrate, C(5)H(6)N(5)(+). C(2)HO(4)(-). 0.5C(2)H(2)O(4). H(2)O, (II), adenine and one oxalate anion are both monoprotonated. In (I), the adeninium cation forms R(2)(2)(8) and R(1)(2)(5) hydrogen-bonding motifs with the centrosymmetric oxalate anion, while in (II), the cation forms R(2)(1)(6) and R(1)(2)(5) motifs with the centrosymmetric oxalic acid molecule and R(1)(2)(5)and R(2)(2)(9) motifs with the monoprotonated oxalate anion. Linear hydrogen-bonded trimers are observed in (I) and (II). In both structures, the hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of two-dimensional supramolecular hydrogen-bonded sheets in the crystal packing. The significance of this study lies in the analysis of the interactions occurring via hydrogen bonds and the diversity seen in the supramolecular hydrogen-bonded networks as a result of such interactions.
Radixin Assembles cAMP Effectors Epac and PKA into a Functional cAMP Compartment

cAMP is an ubiquitous second messenger. Localized areas with high cAMP concentration, i.e. cAMP microdomains, provide an elegant mechanism to generate signaling specificity and transduction efficiency. However, the mechanisms underlying cAMP effector targeting into these compartments is still unclear. Here we report the identification of radixin as a scaffolding unit for both cAMP effectors, Epac and PKA. This complex localizes in a submembrane compartment where cAMP synthesis occurs. Compartment disruption by shRNA and dominant negative approaches negatively affects cAMP action. Inhibition can be rescued by expression of Rap1b, a substrate for both Epac1 and PKA, but only in its GTP-bound and phosphorylated state. We propose that radixin scaffolds both cAMP effectors in a functional cAMP-sensing compartment for efficient signal transduction, using Rap1 as a downstream signal integrator.
Marteiliosis in mussels: a rare disease?

Among 1280 cultured and wild adult Mediterranean mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected over a 1-year surveillance period from the Slovene Adriatic Sea, 0.3% were histologically positive for the presence of Marteilia spp. The infection was concentrated in winter. Employing the molecular methods of PCR, cloning, DNA restriction and sequencing, only Marteilia refringens type M was detected in all the infected mussels. Although all life-cycle stages of M. refringens severely infected digestive glands, only sporadic disruption of epithelial cells of digestive tubules and focal destruction of digestive tubules were observed in the infected mussels. This was the first detection of M. refringens in M. galloprovincialis from the Slovene Adriatic Sea with the lowest prevalence reported to date. In addition, our results highlight the need for sequencing to complement the established PCR-RFLP analysis for correct parasite typing.
A Derived Markov Process for Modeling Reaction Networks

A reaction network arises when a set of reactants (chromosomes, chemicals, economic goods, or the like) recombine at specified rates to produce other reactants in the set. When the reactants are characterized in terms of reactive regions (schemata, active sites, building blocks), reaction networks can be modeled by classic stochastic urn models. The corresponding Markov processes are specified by matrices that, for realistic problems, are small enough to allow standard matrix operations and Monte Carlo estimates of important properties of the trajectory of the process, such as the expected time to first occurrence of some designated reactant.
Probing the function of the conserved tryptophan in the flexible loop of the Yersinia protein-tyrosine phosphatase.

The involvement of the strictly conserved Trp354 residue in the catalysis of the Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) has been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies. Crystallographic structural data have revealed that Trp354 interacts with the active site Arg409 and is located at one of the hinge positions of the flexible surface loop (WpD loop) which also harbors the general acid/base (Asp356) essential for catalysis [Schubert, H. L. , Fauman, E. B. , Stuckey, J. A. , Dixon, J. E. & Saper, M. A. (1995) Protein Sci. 4, 1904-1913]. Two mutants were constructed and expressed that contained the Trp354-->Phe and Trp354-->Ala substitutions. The K(m) of the W354F and W354A mutants were not significantly different from that of the wild-type. However, a major decrease in the affinity for oxyanions was observed for the mutants, which is consistent with Trp354 playing a role in aligning Arg409 for oxyanion binding. In addition replacement of Trp354 with Phe or Ala caused a decrease in kcat of 200-fold and 480-fold, respectively, and impaired the ability of the mutant enzymes to stabilize the negative charge in the leaving group at the transition state. In fact, the W354F and W354A mutants exhibited catalytic efficiency and leaving group dependency similar to those observed for the general acid-deficient PTPase D356N. These results indicate that Trp354 is an important residue that keeps the WpD loop in a catalytically competent conformation and positions the general acid/base Asp356 in the correct orientation for proton transfer.
The Importance of Fossils in Phylogeny Reconstruction

It is widely believed that fossils are of fundamental importance in reconstructing phylogeny (e.g. 24, 28). Simpson (52, p. 83), for example, argued "fossils provide tl? ,e soundest basis for evolutionary classification. " Although phylogenies of many groups have been reconstructed using morphological or chemical characters of extant organisms alone, it is often noted that fossils would have been of great use in clarifying relationships and that conclusions are necessarily tenuous in their absence. Thus, Thorne (58, p. 85) commented 431 0066-4170/90/0101/0431 $02.00 Annual Reviews www.annualreviews. org/aronline
Estimation of packaged water consumption and associated plastic waste production from household budget surveys

Packaged water consumption is growing in low- and middle-income countries, but the magnitude of this phenomenon and its environmental consequences remain unclear. This study aims to quantify both the volumes of packaged water consumed relative to household water requirements and associated plastic waste generated for three West African case study countries. Data from household expenditure surveys for Ghana, Nigeria and Liberia were used to estimate the volumes of packaged water consumed and thereby quantify plastic waste generated in households with and without solid waste disposal facilities. In Ghana, Nigeria and Liberia respectively, 11.3 (95% con ﬁ dence interval: 10.3 – 12.4), 10.1 (7.5 – 12.5), and 0.38 (0.31 – 0.45) Ml day − 1 of sachet water were consumed. This generated over 28 000 tonnes yr − 1 of plastic waste, of which 20%, 63% and 57% was among households lacking formal waste disposal facilities in Ghana, Nigeria and Liberia respectively. Reported packaged water consumption provided suf ﬁ cient water to meet daily household drinking-water requirements for 8.4%, less than 1% and 1.6% of households in Ghana, Nigeria and Liberia respectively. These ﬁ ndings quantify packaged water ’ s contribution to household water needs in our study countries, particularly Ghana, but indicate signi ﬁ cant subsequent environmental repercussions.
Improved Frequent Pattern Mining Algorithm using Divide and Conquer Technique with Current Problem Solutions

Frequent patterns are patterns such as item sets, subsequences or substructures that appear in a data set frequently. A Divide and Conquer method is used for finding frequent item set mining. Its core advantages are extremely simple data structure and processing scheme. Divide the original dataset in the projected database and find out the frequent pattern from the dataset. Split and Merge uses a purely horizontal transaction representation. It gives very good result for dense dataset. The researchers introduce a split and merge algorithm for frequent item set mining. There are some problems with this algorithm. We have to modify this algorithm for getting better results and then we will compare it with old one. We have suggested different methods to solve problem with current algorithm. We proposed two methods (1) Method I and (2) Method II for getting solution of problem. We have compared our algorithm with the currently worked algorithm SaM. We examine the performance of SaM and Modified SaM using real datasets. We have taken results for both dense and sparse datasets.
Hyperthermic Effect in Suspension of Magnetosomes Prepared by Various Methods

The magnetic properties and hyperthermia effect were studied in solution of magnetosomes obtained by changing conditions during biomineralization of magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum sp.AMB-1. It was shown that adding a higher amount of Wolfe's vitamin solution (WVS) or ferric quinate (FQ) cause increase of the mean diameter from 47 nm (normal condition) up to 52 nm and 58 nm respectively. As a consequence of this change the preparation conditions coercivity and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) increased up to 20 Oe and 949 W/gFe for sample FQ, respectively. On the other hand the process of cultivation at the changed conditions markedly reduced the cultivation time. Also the isolated chains of magnetosome were shorter containing less amount of magnetosomes too.
Ambient induced degradation and chemically activated recovery in copper phthalocyanine thin film transistors

The electrical degradation (aging) of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) was investigated. Thick (1000 ML) and ultrathin (4 ML) channel thicknesses were used in bottom contact OTFTs to correlate the electrical effects of aging with film microstructure. Proper TFT saturation behavior was unattainable in thick devices subject to ambient aging; however ultrathin devices were significantly less susceptible and maintained good saturation and subthreshold behavior. Therefore 1000 monolayer (ML) CuPc OTFTs were characterized in ambient air, clean dry air, clean humidified air, and NOx environments to isolate the ambient components that induce aging. Thick channel devices which had been aged in ambient air to the point of losing all saturation behavior could be restored to proper saturation behavior by exposure to clean humidified air. The data are consistent with aging resulting primarily from adsorption of strong oxidants from ambient air within the grain boundaries of the CuPc f.
Inner Dialogue and its Relationship to Perceived Exertion during Different Running Intensities

This study examined the effect of low- and high-intensity running on cognitive thoughts (an individual's “inner dialogue”) and its relationship to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Cognitive thoughts and RPE of eight runners were collected during a 40-min. treadmill run at either a low (50% peak running speed) or a high (70% peak running speed) exercise intensity. Runners were asked to place their thoughts into one of 10 themed categories, which incorporated a broad association/dissociation classification (Schomer, 1986, 1987). At a low intensity and RPE (6–10), runners reported more dissociative thoughts, while at a high intensity and RPE (16–20) they reported more associative thoughts. Further, although the runners may report a particular RPE, the inner dialogue and description of perceived exertion and fatigue may be markedly different. These findings suggest that an athlete's “internal dialogue” is intensity dependent, and may relate to the more urgent need to self-monitor physical changes and sensations during high-intensity running.
Lysosomal storage disorders

Although the first description of a lysosomal storage disorder was that of Tay‐Sachs disease in 1881, the lysosome was not discovered until 1955, by Christian De Duve. The first demonstration by Hers in 1963 of a link between an enzyme deficiency and a storage disorder (Pompe's disease) paved the way for a series of seminal discoveries about the intracellular biology of these enzymes and their substrates, culminating in the successful treatment of Gaucher's disease with β‐glucosidase in the early 1990s. It is now recognized that these disorders are not simply a consequence of pure storage, but result from perturbation of complex cell signalling mechanisms. These in turn give rise to secondary structural and biochemical changes, which have important implications for therapy. Significant challenges remain, particularly the treatment of central nervous system disease. It is hoped that recent advances in our understanding of lysosomal biology will enable successful therapies to be developed.
A Continuous Data Acquisition System Based on CompactPCI for EAST Tokamak

For the purpose of long time data acquisition with high speed, a continuous data acquisition system based on the CompactPCI technologies was designed and developed for long time operation of the EAST tokamak. The system can continuously capture data for more than 1000s at 100 k sampling rate and provide the ability of real-time data view and access during the discharge. This paper describes the detailed information of the system including the system structure, workflow, data acquisition card, data transfer and data storage, as well as a discussion of the data access method. The system has been designed and developed and will be demonstrated in the next campaign of the EAST tokamak. The future work is also discussed.
Size Effects of Gold and Iron Nanoparticles on Radiation Dose Enhancement in Brachytherapy and Teletherapy: A Monte Carlo Study

Introduction In this study, we aimed to calculate dose enhancement factor (DEF) for gold (Au) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) in brachytherapy and teletherapy, using Monte Carlo (MC) method. Materials and Methods In this study, a new algorithm was introduced to calculate dose enhancement by AuNPs and FeNPs for Iridium-192 (Ir-192) brachytherapy and Cobalt-60 (Co-60) teletherapy sources, using the MC method. In this algorithm, the semi-random distribution of NPs was used instead of the regular distribution. Diameters were assumed to be 15, 30, and 100 nm in brachytherapy and 15 and 30 nm in teletherapy. Monte Carlo MCNP4C code was used for simulations, and NP density values were 0.107 mg/ml and 0.112 mg/ml in brachytherapy and teletherapy, respectively. Results AuNPs significantly enhanced the radiation dose in brachytherapy (approximately 60%), and 100 nm diameter NPs showed the most uniform dose distribution. AuNPs had an insignificant effect on teletherapy radiation field, with a dose enhancement ratio of 3% (about the calculation uncertainty) or less. In addition, FeNPs had an insignificant effect on both brachytherapy and teletherapy radiation fields. FeNPs dose enhancement was 3% in brachytherapy and 6% (about the calculation uncertainty) or less in teletherapy. Conclusion It can be concluded that AuNPs can significantly increase the absorbed dose in brachytherapy; however, FeNPs do not have a noticeable effect on the absorbed dose
Reliability of the Vitek 2 Yeast Susceptibility Test for Detection of In Vitro Resistance to Fluconazole and Voriconazole in Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

ABSTRACT The Vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test was evaluated by testing 122 Candida isolates against fluconazole and voriconazole. Excellent categorical agreement with the CLSI broth microdilution method was observed (97.5% for both the azoles). Moreover, the Vitek 2 system was able to identify all but 2 of 59 investigated fluconazole-resistant organisms.
Kernel similarity scores for outlier detection in mixed-attribute data sets

The majority of current outlier detection methods are limited to data sets with all attributes of the same type. The few methods that deal with data sets with mixed numerical and categorical data are complex and explicitly depend on the data types of the attributes, which makes them difficult to extend to other types of mixed-attribute data. Kernel functions can be seen as similarity functions defined on any set of objects. Kernel functions on different feature representations can be combined by using a set of well established rules. To the best of our knowledge, however, current kernel-based outlier detection methods have been defined only on single-type data sets, and the kernel functions used have been components of relatively complex statistical techniques. This work proposes simple but effective kernel-based outlier detection methods for single type and mixed-attribute data sets. Three different kernel similarity scores are introduced in order to rank points for outlier detection. For arbitrary mixed-attribute data sets, different kernel and score combinations are used to obtain a single similarity score. It is shown that our approach outperforms the Greedy and AVF algorithms on categorical data sets and Otey et al’s algorithm for data sets with numerical and categorical attributes.
Drug delivery systems for differential release in combination therapy

Introduction: Combination therapy with multiple therapeutic agents has wide applicability in medical and surgical treatment, especially in the treatment of cancer. Thus, new drug delivery systems that can differentially release two or more drugs are desired. Utilizing new techniques to engineer the established drug delivery systems and synthesizing new materials and designing carriers with new structures are feasible ways to fabricate proper multi-agent delivery systems, which are critical to meet requirements in the clinic and improve therapeutic efficacy. Areas covered: This paper aims to give an overview about the multi-agent delivery systems developed in the last decade for differential release in combination therapy. Multi-agent delivery systems from nanoscale to bulk scale, such as liposomes, micelles, polymer conjugates, nano/micorparticles and hydrogels, developed over the last 10 years, have been collected and summarized. The characteristics of different delivery systems are described and discussed, including the structure of drug carriers, drug-loading techniques, release behaviors and consequent evaluation in biological assays. Expert opinion: The chemical structure of drug delivery systems is the key to controlling the release of therapeutic agents in combination therapy, and the differential release of multiple drugs could be realized by the successful design of a proper delivery system. Besides biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo, it is important to speed up practical application of the resulting delivery systems.