Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signature images for arc welding fault detection

The present work elucidates the signature image approach to welding fault detection, covering the calculation of signature image data objects from blocks of welding electrical data (voltage and current), the definition of appropriate vector operations, and the manipulation of the signatures to permit detection of welding faults. Detection of out of position welds in overlap joints is illustrated, and the relevant changes in signature features are related to the physics of the short arc welding process. Finally, it is shown how fault detection performance can be improved by optimising the way the signatures are calculated.
Fully adaptive attribute-based group signature in standard model

Attribute-based group signatures (ABGS) allow a signer to anonymously prove her membership in a group and her ownership of certain attributes, thus can find many applications where both privacy and authentication are required. In this paper, we present a new construction of ABGS based on Fuchsbauer’s automorphic signatures and the Groth and Sahai’s non-interactive witness-indistinguishable proof system. Compared with other ABGS in the literature, our construction is proved secure against fully adaptive adversaries in the standard model, instead of against selected adversaries in the random oracle model. In addition, it admits any signing policies if they can be described as monotone Boolean formulas, and the size of a signature is independent of the number of signers in the group.
The effect of the environment on the gas kinematics and the structure of distant galaxies

With the aim of distinguishing between possible physical mechanisms acting on galaxies when they fall into clusters, we study the properties of the gas and the stars in a sample of 422 emission-line galaxies from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey in different environments up to z � 1. We identify galaxies with kinematical disturbances (from emission-lines in their 2D spectra) and find that they are more frequent in clusters than in the field. The fraction of kinematically-disturbed galaxies increases with cluster velocity dispersion and decreases with distance from the cluster centre, but remains constant with projected galaxy density. We also studied morphological disturbances in the stellar light from HST/F814W images, finding that the fraction of morphologically disturbed galaxies is similar in clusters, groups, and the field. Moreover, there is little correlation between the presence of kinematically-disturbed gas and morphological distortions. For the kinematically-undisturbed galaxies, we find that the cluster and field Tully-Fisher relations are remarkably similar. In addition, we find that the kinematically-disturbed galaxies show a suppressed specific star formation rate. There is also evidence indicating that the gas disks in cluster galaxies have been truncated, and therefore their star formation is more concentrated than in low-density environments. If spirals are the progenitors of cluster S0s, our findings imply that the physical mechanism transforming cluster galaxies efficiently disturbs the star-forming gas and reduces their specific star formation rate. Moreover, this star-forming gas is either removed more efficiently from the outskirts of the galaxies or is driven towards the centre (or both). In any case, this makes any remaining star formation more centrally concentrated, helping to build the bulges of S0s. These results, in addition to the finding that the transformation mechanism does not seem to induce strong morphological disturbances on the galaxies, suggest that the physical processes involved are related to the intracluster medium, with galaxy-galaxy interactions playing only a limited role in clusters.
Discourse research that intervenes in the quality and safety of care practices

Drawing on work done in the area of health services research, this article outlines a view of discourse analysis (DA) that approaches discourse as a co-accomplished process involving researcher and research-participant. Without losing sight of the analytical-critical-reflexive moments that have typified discourse analytical endeavours, this article explores a form of DA that moves from discourse as object to be collected and processed away from where it is practised, towards discourse as dynamically emerging reality shared by (clinical) practitioner-participants and researchers, and as flexible means to intervene in the quality and safety of care practices. The article begins with highlighting the productive potential of discourse research in health. The ethics informing this mode of DA, the article goes on to explain, is interested and trustful ‘entanglement’ with those who populate this field of practice and structure it with discourse. Elsewhere referred to as ‘experience-based enquiry’, the initiative to reframe discourse research as a mode of intervention involves keeping practitioners’ interpretations and analysts’ questions, critiques and conclusions in tension. The article argues that this approach capitalizes on the intrinsically reflexive, dialogic and emergent nature of discourse. To illustrate these issues, the article presents two case studies drawn from recent projects that have manifested these researcher and practitioner-participant dynamics. The article concludes that, as emergent practice, the analysis of discourse benefits from entanglement with the people and the contexts where discourse is produced. Here, analysis vacillates between a feedback device that enables both research participants and researchers to re-appraise their and each other’s practices, and a knowledge production device that generalizes about these practices and the changes to these practices that result from the research.
Behavioral sensitization induced by methamphetamine causes differential alterations in gene expression and histone acetylation of the prefrontal cortex in rats

Background Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most widely abused illicit substances worldwide; unfortunately, its addiction mechanism remains unclear. Based on accumulating evidence, changes in gene expression and chromatin modifications might be related to the persistent effects of METH on the brain. In the present study, we took advantage of METH-induced behavioral sensitization as an animal model that reflects some aspects of drug addiction and examined the changes in gene expression and histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult rats. Methods We conducted mRNA microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to DNA microarray (ChIP-chip) analyses to screen and identify changes in transcript levels and histone acetylation patterns. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, were performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes. We then further identified alterations in ANP32A (acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A) and POU3F2 (POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2) using qPCR and ChIP-PCR assays. Results In the rat model of METH-induced behavioral sensitization, METH challenge caused 275 differentially expressed genes and a number of hyperacetylated genes (821 genes with H3 acetylation and 10 genes with H4 acetylation). Based on mRNA microarray and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, 24 genes may be involved in METH-induced behavioral sensitization, and 7 genes were confirmed using qPCR. We further examined the alterations in the levels of the ANP32A and POU3F2 transcripts and histone acetylation at different periods of METH-induced behavioral sensitization. H4 hyperacetylation contributed to the increased levels of ANP32A mRNA and H3/H4 hyperacetylation contributed to the increased levels of POU3F2 mRNA induced by METH challenge-induced behavioral sensitization, but not by acute METH exposure. Conclusions The present results revealed alterations in transcription and histone acetylation in the rat PFC by METH exposure and provided evidence that modifications of histone acetylation contributed to the alterations in gene expression caused by METH-induced behavioral sensitization.
Experimental Study on High Electrical Breakdown of Water Dielectric

By means of a coaxial apparatus, pressurized water breakdown experiments with microsecond charging have been carried out with different surface roughness of electrodes and different ethylene glycol concentrations of ethylene glycol/water mixture. The experimental results about the breakdown stress and the effective time are presented. The breakdown stress is normalized to the situation that the effective time is transformed to 1 μs and analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the breakdown stress formula is modified to E = 0.561M A-1/10teff-1/N P1/8; (2) the coefficient M is significantly increased by surface polishing and ethylene glycol additive; (3) it is accumulative for the capacity of improving electrical breakdown strength for surface polishing, ethylene glycol additive, and pressurization, of which pressurization is the most effective method; (4) the highest stress of 235.5 kV/cm is observed in ethylene glycol/water mixture with an ethylene glycol concentration of 80% at a hydrostatic pressure of 1215.9 kPa and is about one time greater than that in pure water at constant pressure; (5) for pressurization and surface polishing, the primary mechanism to improve the breakdown strength of water dielectric is the increase in the breakdown time delay. Research results indicate great potential in the application of the high power pulse conditioning system of water dielectric.
Peer assessing thought groups and focus words through controlled speaking tasks

Intelligibility plays a significant role in oral language production. Previous research has found that suprasegmental aspects of pronunciation are linked to intelligibility, but little attention has been given to their teaching in the current communicative language classroom. This action research study adopted peer assessment as a strategy to affect the oral production of “thought groups” and “focus words” of nine A2-B1 English L2 learners at a Colombian language institute. Thought groups and focus words are part of the “prosody pyramid” which enhances word and sentence stress in the English language. Thought groups are sets of words that convey meaning, focus words are those words which should be emphasized to convey meaning. A mixed-method approach was used, and data were collected from checklists, peer assessment logs, questionnaires, teacher’s journals, and a focus group. Results were two-folded, while participants became skillful at identifying thought groups and focus words when listening, their accuracy to orally produce them decreased. Additionally, findings showed that participants’ perceptions regarding pronunciation and peer assessment were affected positively. Peer assessment showed to be a strategy that helped participants become more independent from the teacher’s assistance. Further research would enrich the discussion about the role of peer assessment in suprasegmental aspects of pronunciation, as well as in the teaching of the prosody pyramid.
Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Gasoline Over Modified Titanium Silicalite

The oxidative desulfurization of model gasoline consisting of thiophene dissolved in n-octane was investigated with a series of modified titanium silicalite (TS) catalysts in presence of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid systems, and the reaction mechanism of the oxidative desulfurization of thiophene was preliminarily researched. The results showed that the copper modified TS was an active catalyst for thiophene oxidation while the other metal modified TSs were less active catalysts. When Cu-TS at a Cu/Si molar ratio of 0.015 was used as a catalyst for oxidation of model gasoline, the conversion of thiophene was 94.1% at 120 min. The conversion of thiophene was easily enhanced by increasing reaction time or reaction temperature, and reduced with addition of xylene and cyclohexene.
The limitations of time migration and trace stretch in the presence of lateral velocity gradients

This paper quantifies the imaging errors that result from the assumptions of time migration and a preliminary, laterally-variable "stretch" of the data, in the presence of lateral velocity gradients. The analysis is restricted to media that are approximately homogeneous in the vertical direction, with dip in the same direction as for the velocity gradient. It is shown that a time migration that explicitly recognizes the lateral variation in velocity results in underestimation of steep dips by only a few degrees, even for large gradients of 0.1 s"1. A preliminary stretch of the data, followed by time migration and stretch removal, however, results in a net overestimation of moderate dips by a few degrees and overestimation of steep dips by 15° or more. The errors increase with increasing gradient and decreasing average velocity.
Electromagnetic extraction of rotational energy from disc-fed black holes: the strength of the Blandford-Znajek process

We critically assess the current state of knowledge of the strengths of the magnetic fields B.Yf threading the horizons of accretion disc-fed black holes in quasars and radio galaxies. We show that those values of B.Yf which correspond to the strengths of the magnetic fields expected to be maintained in accretion discs by the action of hydromagnetic dynamos, according to recent numerical simulations, are significantly lower than those which have been suggested previously, and consequently the strength of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process for the extraction of the rotational energy of the black hole is lower than imagined previously. This result appears to be rather robust in the sense that it depends neither on the details of the simulation nor on the actual value of the magnetic field generated by the disc dynamo, but only on the strength of the magnetic transport of angular momentum in the disc, the value of which always emerges as roughly constant from the above simulations. Thus, the BZ process does not appear to be adequate for accounting for the strongest double radio sources accreting at far sub-Eddington rates. However, the BZ luminosity (a) still dominates the luminosity due to accretion and (b) easily accounts for the multitude of low and medium strength radio sources, so that the strongest radio sources can be attributed to BZ luminosities corresponding to exceptionally strong B.Yf' while avoiding the conundrum of too many strong sources which a universally strong BZ process would imply.
Dynamics and Control in Complex Transition Metal Oxides

Advances in the synthesis, growth, and characterization of complex transition metal oxides coupled with new experimental techniques in ultrafast optical spectroscopy have ushered in an exciting era of dynamics and control in these materials. Experiments utilizing femtosecond optical pulses can initiate and probe dynamics of the spin, lattice, orbital, and charge degrees of freedom. Major goals include (a) determining how interaction and competition between the relevant degrees of freedom determine macroscopic functionality in transition metal oxides (TMOs) and (b) searching for hidden phases in TMOs by controlling dynamic trajectories in a complex and pliable energy landscape. Advances in creating intense pulses from the far-IR spectrum through the visible spectrum enable mode-selective excitation to facilitate exploration of these possibilities. This review covers recent developments in this emerging field and presents examples that include the cuprates, manganites, and vanadates.
Mechanical structure analysis of a compact superconducting wavelength shifter

A three-pole superconducting wavelength shifter (SWLS) cooled by a 1.5 W @ 4.2 K Gifford-McMahon cryocooler will be installed in SRRC's storage ring in the year 2002 to provide the synchrotron radiation light source with critical energy at 9 keV. This article shows the mechanical structure design of the cryogen-free SWLS. The three pairs of coils are supported in an aluminum-reinforced block and bonded by two iron return yokes. The poles are fixed to the return yoke and will move with the yoke. The finite element method is used to evaluate the stresses caused from the thermal contraction of materials and the coil's Lorentz force. The simulation result shows that the thermal stress of coil from 293 K to 4.2 K is too large and will cause the failure of the coil if the poles, the coils, and the aluminum support are all fixed together. The stress level is not reduced even the soft material is placed among the interfaces of these different parts. The reduction of the stress level is achieved by leaving a suitable clearance among these interfaces and allowing relative sliding motion between the return yoke and the coil, and between the coil and the aluminum support. Analysis results show that such a design will reduce the stress to a level of two to three times less.
An adaptive filter using scanning observation with application to a DPS

In this paper an observation strategy is presented, based on the concept of scanning observability, for finite-dimensional linear systems with discrete observations. It aims to improve the convergence properties of the extended Kalman filter, regarded as an adaptive estimator of the state for the above class of systems. A significant application to a distributed parameter system is shown, related to the problem of determining a convenient trajectory for a moving sensor or a convenient scanning observation rule over a set of fixed sensors. the effectiveness of the resulting filter is analysed on the basis of several numerical experiments.
The Role of Effortful Control in Mediating the Association Between Maternal Sensitivity and Children's Social and Relational Competence and Problems in First Grade

Research Findings: This study examined the extent to which maternal sensitivity in infancy and toddlerhood is associated with children's social and relational competence and problems in the early years of schooling as well as the extent to which this association is mediated by children's effortful control abilities. Data from 1,364 children (705 boys, 659 girls), their mothers, and teachers from the longitudinal National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were used. Maternal sensitivity was assessed by coding semistructured videos of mother–child interactions; effortful control was assessed by maternal report; and children's social competence, problems, and relationships with teachers and peers were assessed by school observations and teacher report. Structural equation models examined the extent to which there was an association between maternal sensitivity and children's social and relational competence and problems as well as the extent to which this association was mediated by children's effortful control skills. Maternal sensitivity had a direct association with children's social and relational competence and problems in 1st grade. Children's inhibitory control partially mediated the association between maternal sensitivity and the quality of children's skills. Practice or Policy: The results are discussed in terms of the importance of interventions geared toward improving maternal sensitivity and children's effortful control skills to help children develop better social and relational skills to foster close and supportive relationships with teachers and peers.
Cranioplasty with Custom-made Artificial Bone after Resection of Multilobular Bone Tumor in a Dog

A 7-year-old spayed female Welsh corgi presented with a mass of the skull. The mass was diagnosed as multilobular bone tumor and surgically removed. To treat a large bone defect after the tumor removal, custom-made artificial bone fabricated by a 3-dimensional ink-jet printer was implanted in the defect. Follow-up computed tomography evaluation was performed for 4.3 years. The implant was well integrated with the skull and had covered the large bone defect during the follow-up period. Gradual degradation of the implant began 6 weeks after surgery. It provides an additional option for the treatment of large bone defect.
Mehlich 3 Soil Phosphorus as Determined by Colorimetry and Inductively Coupled Plasma

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy is routinely used in laboratory testing to determine soil P extracted by Mehlich 3 (M3P). The effectiveness of ICP, however, has been questioned, particularly when used to detect soil P. Our objective was to compare ICP (M3P‐ICP) with colorimetric (M3P‐Col) methods of determining soil M3P. Soil samples (488; 0–20 cm deep) were collected from five experimental sites in eastern Canada that varied in soil texture, organic matter (OM) content, pH, and previous use of organic or mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer and were cropped to annual or perennial species. Soil P content ranged from 9.4 to 189.5 mg P kg−1 when ICP was used and from 1.9 to 210.3 mg P kg−1 for the colorimetric method. Although there was a significant (R2 = 0.91; P < 0.001) relationship between the two methods, soil P measured by ICP was, on average, 36% higher. Large differences between M3P‐ICP and M3P‐Col occurred primarily for soils under perennial forage species, indicating the importance of organic P. More research is required in eastern Canada to investigate other factors (i.e., physical and chemical soil properties, organic or mineral fertilization type) that may further explain the differences between M3P as determined by ICP and colorimetric methods. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Comparison of the non-equilibrium predictions of Intrinsic Quantum Thermodynamics at the atomistic level with experimental evidence

Theoretical predictions from Intrinsic Quantum Thermodynamics (IQT) are compared to published experimental findings in order to examine whether or not calculations using IQT are consistent with experimental data. IQT makes the assertion that entropy is an intrinsic property of matter in the same way that inertial mass, energy, and momentum are and must, thus, exist even for single particles. Entropy as defined by IQT is a measure of the distribution of a system's internal energy at any given instant of time amongst the available internal degrees of freedom, i.e., the energy eigenlevels of the system. In this paper, it is shown that IQT models the internal relaxation of a 5-level rubidium system in a way that is consistent with the experimental data available in the literature. In addition, other experimental data found in the literature is compared with results obtained from the equation of motion of IQT that allows for heat interactions. It is shown that the decay of so-called "cat states" for single ions that are contained in Paul traps and that interact with a heat reservoir is also consistent with the calculations made using the theory of IQT.