Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land use/land cover mapping from airborne hyperspectral images with machine learning algorithms and contextual information

Abstract Land use and Land cover (LULC) mapping is one of the most important application areas of remote sensing which requires both spectral and spatial resolutions in order to decrease the spectral ambiguity of different land cover types. Airborne hyperspectral images are among those data which perfectly suits to that kind of applications because of their high number of spectral bands and the ability to see small details on the field. As this technology has newly developed, most of the image processing methods are for the medium resolution sensors and they are not capable of dealing with high resolution images. Therefore, in this study a new framework is proposed to improve the classification accuracy of land use/cover mapping applications and to achieve a greater reliability in the process of mapping land use map using high resolution hyperspectral image data. In order to achieve it, spatial information is incorporated together with spectral information by exploiting feature extraction methods like Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Gabor and Morphological Attribute Profile (MAP) on dimensionally reduced image with highest accuracy. Then, machine learning algorithms like Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to investigate the contribution of texture information in the classification of high resolution hyperspectral images. In addition to that, further analysis is conducted with object based RF classification to investigate the contribution of contextual information. Finally, overall accuracy, producer’s/user’s accuracy, the quantity and allocation based disagreements and location and quantity based kappa agreements are calculated together with McNemar tests for the accuracy assessment. According to our results, proposed framework which incorporates Gabor texture information and exploits Discrete Wavelet Transform based dimensionality reduction method increase the overall classification accuracy up to 9%. Amongst individual classes, Gabor features boosted classification accuracies of all the classes (soil, road, vegetation, building and shadow) to 7%, 6%, 6%, 8%, 9%, and 24% respectively with producer’s accuracy. Besides, 17% and 10% increase obtained in user’s accuracy with MAP(area) feature in classifying road and shadow classes respectively. Moreover, when the object based classification is conducted, it is seen that the OA of pixel based classification is increased further by 1.07%. An increase between 2% and 4% is achieved with producer’s accuracy in soil, vegetation and building classes and an increase between 1% and 3% is achieved by user’s accuracy in soil, road, vegetation and shadow classes. In the end, accurate LULC map is produced with object based RF classification of gabor features added airborne hyperspectral image which is dimensionally reduced with DWT method.
Experimental Investigation and Load Capacity of Slender Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Sections with Holes in Compression

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) channels with circular or rectangular web holes is becoming increasingly popular in building structures. However, such holes can result in sections becoming more susceptible to buckle and display lower load-carrying capacities. This paper presents a total of 42 axial compression tests of CFS lipped channel slender columns with and without circular and rectangular web holes, including different hole sizes and cross sections. The test results show that the axial members with a small ratio of width to thickness were governed by global buckling, while the members with a large ratio of width to thickness were controlled by the interaction of local, distortional, and global buckling. The axial strength decreased maximum by 20.48% and 22.98% for the member with circular holes and rectangular holes, compared to a member without a web hole. Then, a nonlinear elastoplastic finite element model (FEM) was developed, and the analysis results showed good agreement with the test results. The validated FE model was used to conduct a parametric study involving 36 FEMs to investigate the effects of column slenderness, dimension of the hole, and the number of holes on the axial strength of such channels. Furthermore, the formulas to predict the global buckling coefficient and the effective area were modified for such sections with holes by using the verified FEM. Finally, the tests and parametric study results were compared against the design strengths calculated in accordance with the developed method. The comparison results show that the proposed design method closely predicts the axial capacity of CFS channels with circular or rectangular web holes.
Study on the Enhanced Shelf Lifetime of CYTOP-Encapsulated Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are an attractive technique for next-generation renewable energy. However, the intrinsically unstable nature of the organic compounds involved is delaying their commercialization. Therefore, it is essential to improve the lifetime of OSCs significantly. Here, we investigated the effect of the hydrophobic cyclized transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) as a solution-processable encapsulation layer based on shelf lifetime measurement, current–voltage characteristics, and impedance spectroscopy. We found that CYTOP utilization greatly enhanced OSCs’ shelf lifetime, maintaining 96% of initial performance when unencapsulated devices decreased to 82%. Furthermore, based on the dark current characteristics, ideality factor (n), and Cole–Cole plots, the CYTOP encapsulation is revealed to effectively inhibit unfavorable changes of parasitic resistive components and trap-assisted recombination. These findings provide an inclusive perspective on the shelf lifetime issue and commercialization of the OSCs.
Biopolymers as Green Binders for Soil Improvement in Geotechnical Applications: A Review

Soil improvement using biopolymers has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with the aim to reduce the harmful environmental effects of traditional materials, such as cement. This paper aims to provide a review on the environmental assessment of using biopolymers as binders in soil improvement, biopolymer-treated soil characteristics, as well as the most important factors affecting the behavior of the treated soil. In more detail, environmental benefits and concerns about the use of biopolymers in soil improvement as well as biopolymer–soil interaction are discussed. Various geotechnical properties are evaluated and compared, including the unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, erosion resistance, physical properties, and durability of biopolymer-treated soils. The influential factors and soil and environmental conditions affecting various geotechnical characteristics of biopolymer-treated soils are also discussed. These factors include biopolymer concentration in the biopolymer–soil mixture, moisture condition, temperature, and dehydration time. Potential opportunities for biopolymers in geotechnical engineering and the challenges are also presented.
On the Approximation by Balázs–Szabados Operators

We present three new approximation properties of the Balázs–Szabados operators. Firstly, we prove that, in certain cases, these operators approximate some super-exponential functions on compact intervals. Next, we provide a new estimate of the error of approximation using a suitable modulus of continuity. Finally, we characterize the functions which can be uniformly approximated in the weighted norm of polynomial weight spaces.
Melanoma brain metastases: the outcome of whole brain radiation therapy in the era of effective systemic therapy

Background: Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is sometimes recommended for patients with multiple melanoma brain metastases (MBM) in addition to systemic therapy and/or local therapy. We report outcomes of WBRT and identify associated factors in the era of modern systemic therapy. Methods: Ninety patients treated with WBRT between 2011 and 2018 were included. Records were analyzed for clinical and treatment characteristics, radiation techniques, systemic therapy and outcomes. Overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method; factors affecting OS were assessed using the log-rank test as well as Cox regression. Results: The median age was 63 years and the median follow-up was 4.5 months. The median OS from diagnosis of MBM was 8 months (range, 1–83 months), median OS from the beginning of WBRT was 5 months (range, 0–64 months). Patients with BRAF mutation who had prior systemic treatment (n=31) had a median OS from WBRT of 4.6 versus 5.2 months for those with BRAF wild type disease (n=27). Patients with no systemic treatment prior to WBRT (n=32) had a median survival of 6.7 months (P=0.65). In multivariable analysis, the presence of neurological symptoms was associated with worse OS (P=0.029) and prior surgery with better OS (P=0.002). Conclusions: In selected patients with MBM treated with systemic therapy with known intracranial activity, WBRT is a treatment option in selected patients after local therapy (surgery and SRS). Future studies should further determine the role of systemic treatment in combination with radiotherapy (RT) in MBM patients, particularly in patients with multiple brain metastases. 16
Parallels in Development of Modern Painting and Enameling in China

This paper highlights trends in the development of contemporary visual art in China through a parallel analysis of two of its components: painting and enamel art. The focus of the research is on the work of artists whose works combine a ‘western’ style with ‘eastern’ tradition. It was found that in the 21st century, the layer of Chinese cultural heritage was successfully transformed into new forms of expression, such as art objects, enamel sculptures, brightly colored paintings and more. At the same time, it has preserved the symbolism of color, plasticity of lines, narrative and figurative components, which is typical of the centuries-old traditions of the Celestial Empire. Artistic analysis was carried out on specific pictorial and enamel examples, distinguishing common and distinctive features in the concepts of the artists and their embodiment in the material. The way in which contemporary art enters the urban space of megacities and the interior of public institutions was analyzed. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the combination of ‘traditional’ and ‘recent’ trends in one work help to rethink the role of classical images in today’s art, as well as to identify Chinese artists in the globalized intercultural space.
Children’s Perception Scale of Head Lice Infestation (CPS-HLI): Design and Psychometrics

Background: Pediculosis is a common ectoparasitic infestation that involves especially the skin of children worldwide. Studying the children’s perception of the disease’s risk factors, the effectiveness of personal preventive measures, and its implications for their health could be a major leap forward in health promotion activities. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Children’s Perception Scale of Head Lice Infestation (CPS-HLI) and its initial feasibility assessment for use on Iranian and possibly other elementary school children. Methods: The scale’s items were retained based on an extensive literature search and classified into the underlying constructs of the Extended Health Belief Model (EHBM). An expert panel endorsed the qualitative content and face validity of the preliminary draft, and 47 items remained for quantitative validity testing on a sample of 362 elementary school students in the city of Paveh, West of Iran. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were employed to test the content and structural validity of the constructed instrument. Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the scale. Results: The values of Lawshe's content validity index (0.90) and content validity ratio (0.77), the subscales’ Cronbach's alpha (0.59), and intra-class correlation (0.72) coefficients confirmed plausible internal consistency of the scale. The values of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (< 0.08 with χ2 < 0.05), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) > 0.9 approved the applied statistical model’s goodness of fit. The ranges of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy for the underlying subscales (0.49 - 0.74) and the statistically significant result of Bartlett’s test of sphericity (P < 0.001) confirmed the patterned relationship among the constructed scale’s items. The principal component analysis that was performed using STATA favored the 11-factor solution. Conclusions: The study findings support the construct validity of CPS-HLI for use in studies on children’s perception of head lice infestation risk factors, the effectiveness of personal preventive measures, and the disease implications for their health and well-being. Further cross-cultural and cross-national validation studies are recommended for using the instrument in a wider range of populations and settings.
Affordable modifications for sustainable houses in urban informal settlements: a case study of Bandung, Indonesia

ABSTRACT We investigated mould risk, TSP and PM2.5, and the self-reported prevalence of respiratory diseases in a typical unplanned urban residential neighbourhood (Kampung) in Bandung, Indonesia during 2018–2019. Based on the results, this paper developed design modification plans for the selected five houses aiming to remediate the health burden the residents are currently facing, and created a design modification matrix that can assist in the decision-making process. The results showed that Kampung houses were suffered from severe dampness and mould risks. TSP and PM2.5 were also alarmingly high. The best options to remediate those are the use of exhaust fans, together with the use of proper finishing materials, i.e. water-resistant materials and mould-resistant paint, using shading devices to improve the indoor comfort on hot days and the change of occupants’ behaviour so that the residents adopt more sustainable daily behaviours.
Bandwidth‐extended single‐input switchable Doherty power amplifier based on dual compensating reactance with adjusted drain voltage

This study presents a switchable Doherty power amplifier (S-DPA) based on dual compensating reactance and adjusted drain voltage with 124% fractional bandwidth (FBW) using single-input architecture. The proposed S-DPA can be operated in wideband mode (WB-MOD) and dual-band mode (DB-MOD) with a larger power back-off region through one-click switching directly. The needed back-off impedance in both operation modes is achieved by using the dual compensating reactance for bandwidth extension. Meanwhile, a load modulation enhancement technique through adjusting the drain voltage of both the carrier and peaking amplifiers is proposed for proper load modulation in DB-MOD. To verify the proposed techniques, an S-DPA was designed and fabricated. Measurement results show that the proposed S-DPA has an efficiency of 51.3%–70.3% at saturated power of higher than 43.4 dBm over the frequency band of 0.8–3.4 GHz with 124% FBW. The 6-dB back-off efficiency in WB-MOD (1.3–2.9 GHz) is 45.3%–56.1% and the 8-dB back-off efficiency in DB-MOD (0.8–1.3 GHz & 2.9–3.4 GHz) is 41.6%–57.9%. 80-MHz modulated signals with 6.2-dB and 8.2-dB peak to average power ratios are used to evaluate the modulated signal performance in two modes. The DPA can achieve an average efficiency of up to 56% with high linearity after digital pre-distortion linearisation.
Detection of Heavy Metals in Water Using Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

In this work, we investigate by ab initio calculations and optical experiments the sensitivity of graphene quantum dots in their use as devices to measure the presence, and concentration, of heavy metals in water. We demonstrate that the quenching or enhancement in the optical response (absorption, emission) depends on the metallic ion considered. In particular, two cases of opposite behaviour are considered in detail: Cd2+, where we observe an increase in the emission optical response for increasing concentration, and Pb2+ whose emission spectra, vice versa, are quenched along the concentration rise. The experimental trends reported comply nicely with the different hydration patterns suggested by the models that are also capable of reproducing the minor quenching/enhancing effects observed in other ions. We envisage that quantum dots of graphene may be routinely used as cheap detectors to measure the degree of poisoning ions in water.
How Structural Empowerment Boosts Organizational Resilience: A case study in the Dutch home care industry

Previous work has demonstrated that structural forms of empowerment tend to enhance individual and team resilience. However, there is hardly any knowledge about how structural empowerment affects organizational resilience. Moreover, a widespread (though largely untested) assumption is that, in adverse times, power and authority need to be centralized at the top to enhance organizational resilience. This paper explores the effects of empowerment on organizational resilience in an in-depth case study of a Dutch home care organization, in which employees are structurally empowered. The findings from this case study suggest that structural empowerment positively affects organizational resilience, but that this effect is contingent upon a climate of psychological safety as well as top management’s sustained commitment to structural empowerment. We move beyond the extant conceptualization of psychological safety by demonstrating its inter-level nature in the context of structural empowerment, which operates across organizational levels when employees also engage in discussions on tactical and strategic issues. Overall, this study provides an in-depth understanding of how organizations can enhance their resilience by empowering their members, thus also challenging the common wisdom about centralizing power in adverse times.
The Experience of Parenting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Content Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to explore the range of experiences encountered by parents and caretakers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Materials and methods An inductive conventional content analysis approach was utilized for this study. Twenty-four (N = 24) parent responses to open-ended questions about their experience parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder were analyzed. Results Based on content analysis of responses, five main categories emerged: emotional distress, growth and role change, perspective change, support or the need for support, and family strain. Within the main categories, 20 subcategories were identified. Conclusion Findings from this study show that families and caretakers of children with autism spectrum disorder endorse many emotions and complex experiences, both positive and negative. The implications from these data are great and include the need for support and resources for families impacted by autism spectrum disorder.
Controlled and deterministic creation of synthetic antiferromagnetic domains by focused ion beam irradiation

We study layered synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) with out-of-plane interface anisotropy, where the layer-wise antiferromagnetic (AF) alignment is induced by interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). By applying low energy He+ focused ion beam irradiation to the SAF, a depth-dependent reduction of the IEC and anisotropy can be achieved due to layer intermixing. As a consequence, after irradiation, a specific field reversal sequence of the SAF is energetically preferred. When tuning the pristine SAF to exhibit an inverted field reversal, we are thus able to create AF domains in the irradiated regions. When irradiated with a fluence gradient, these AF domains can be further deterministically manipulated by an external magnetic field. Among other applications, this could be utilized for engineering a controllable and local magnetic stray field landscape, for example, at AF domain walls, within the otherwise stray field free environment provided by the SAF.
The Association Between Antioxidant Status and Excess Weight in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity with its complications has increased in the world. Obesity, along with antioxidants deficiency (due to an unhealthy diet), might change the balance in favor of oxidative stress. Objectives: The current study aims to assess the literature on the relationship between obesity and antioxidant status through a systematic review and meta-analysis Results: β-Carotene levels was significantly lower in obese children than non-obese ones (mean difference: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.09-0.16, P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001, I2=85%). There was a significant difference between obese and non-obese children in both α-tocopherol (pooled mean difference respectively: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.04-0.96, P<0.001 ) with non-significant heterogeneity (P>0.05, I2=0.0% ) and α-tocopherol per lipoid (pooled mean difference: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.28-0.55, P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity (P=0.048, I2=58.8%). There was no significant association between vitamin E level and obesity (pooled mean difference: 0.40, 95%CI: -0.05-0.85, P>0.05), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001, I2=84.5%). There was significant association between zinc, magnesium, copper, and selenium level and obesity (P>0.05), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.001). Conclusions: This review revealed a significant inverse relationship between childhood obesity and serum antioxidant levels. More studies are necessary to find the underlying mechanisms and clinical impacts of this finding. Data Sources: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed among English language articles published until September 2020 without any time limit. An electronic search was conducted in international databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane. Study Selection: First, 1255 papers were found. After removing duplicates and quality assessment, 46 were used in the systemic review, and 19 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. Data Extraction: Two researchers independently searched the following keywords in the databases: “Vitamin C”, “Vitamin E”, “Vitamin A”, “Carotenoids”, “Antioxidants”, “Selenium”, “Magnesium”, “Copper”, “Zinc”, “Ascorbic acid”, “Tocopherol”, “Obesity”, “Overweight”, “Childhood”, “Pediatric”, and “Adolescence”. Articles that examined the association between obesity and antioxidant status were included in the study. The research on animals, interventional studies, case studies, case reports, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The research team determined the quality of studies using the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) checklist. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using index (I2) and probability of diffusion bias by funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests.