Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boron Tolerant Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacillus sp . Strain MN-54 Improved Canola Growth in Alkaline Calcareous Soils

Boron (B) and phosphorus (P) application is mandatory as most of the Pakistani soils, being calcareous in nature, fail to supply nutrients in sufficient quantity to plants. Few bacteria have been reported as B-tolerant but their features for enhancing nutrient supply to plants have not been studied yet. In this study, growth of six bacterial strains was assessed in tryptic soy broth medium at different levels of B (0, 60, 120 and 180 mM) where Bacillus sp. strain MN-54 was found most tolerant. The phosphate solubilizing ability of MN-54 was improved by increasing molasses concentration from control to 1%. Moreover, this bacterium was capable of producing auxin, siderophores and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. In incubation study, four levels of P i.e., 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose each with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% (0.06, 0.12 and 0.18 mg kg) of B, further inoculated with MN-54 were used. However, only soil and soil with MN-54 pots were maintained as control. Moreover, canola was grown in soil filled pots with same set of treatments. However, in control pots, 100% P without B and inoculation, and 100% P inoculated with MN-54 but without B application were used. Pure culture of MN-54 was applied at 5 mL pot and 12.5 mg P kg of soil was used as 100% recommended. The presence of MN-54 improved B and P availability by 37 and 30%, respectively, in native soil. Moreover, application of 100% P along with 1.5% B and MN-54 showed significant improvement in shoot length (46%), root length (49%), shoot dry weight (41%), root dry weight (45%) and chlorophyll content (16%) of canola compared to control (100% P only). In crux, Bacillus sp. strain MN-54 was capable of improving canola growth in alkaline calcareous soils due to P solubilization, auxin and ACC-deaminase production. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers
Robust and efficient preconditioners for the discontinuous Galerkin time-stepping method

The discontinuous Galerkin time-stepping method has many advantageous properties for solving parabolic equations. However, it requires the solution of a large nonsymmetric system at each time-step. This work develops a fully robust and efficient preconditioning strategy for solving these systems. Drawing on parabolic inf-sup theory, we first construct a left preconditioner that transforms the linear system to a symmetric positive definite problem to be solved by the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. We then prove that the transformed system can be further preconditioned by an ideal block diagonal preconditioner, leading to a condition number bounded by 4 for any time-step size, any approximation order and any positive-definite self-adjoint spatial operators. Numerical experiments demonstrate the low condition numbers and fast convergence of the algorithm for both ideal and approximate preconditioners, and show the feasibility of the high-order solution of large problems.
Environmental factors influencing diatom communities in Antarctic cryoconite holes

Cryoconite holes are ice-bound habitats that can act as refuges for aquatic and terrestrial microorganisms on glacier surfaces. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, these holes are often capped by an ice lid that prevents the exchange of material and gases with the surrounding atmosphere and aquatic environment. Diatoms have been documented in cryoconite holes, and recent findings suggest that these habitats may harbour a distinctive diatom flora compared to the surrounding aquatic environments. In this study, we examined diatom community composition in cryoconite holes and environmental correlates across three glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The diatom communities were dominated by two genera, Muelleria and Diadesmis, both of which had high viability and could have been seeded from the surrounding ephemeral streams. The location of the cryoconite hole within the valley was a key determinant of community composition. A diatom species richness gradient was observed that corresponded to distance inland from the coast and co-varied with species richness in streams within the same lake basin. Cryoconite holes that were adjacent to streams with higher diversity displayed greater species richness. However, physical factors, such as the ability to withstand freeze–thaw conditions and to colonize coarse sediments, acted as additional selective filters and influenced diatom diversity, viability and community composition.
An improved tropospheric NO 2 column retrieval algorithm for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

Abstract. We present an improved tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column retrieval algorithm (DOMINO v2.0) for OMI based on better air mass factors (AMFs) and a correction for across-track stripes resulting from calibration errors in the OMI backscattered reflectances. Since October 2004, NO2 retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a UV/Vis nadir spectrometer onboard NASA's EOS-Aura satellite, have been used with success in several scientific studies focusing on air quality monitoring, detection of trends, and NOx emission estimates. Dedicated evaluations of previous DOMINO tropospheric NO2 retrievals indicated their good quality, but also suggested that the tropospheric columns were susceptible to high biases (by 0–40%), probably because of errors in the air mass factor calculations. Here we update the DOMINO air mass factor approach. We calculate a new look-up table (LUT) for altitude-dependent AMFs based on more realistic atmospheric profile parameters, and include more surface albedo and surface pressure reference points than before. We improve the sampling of the TM4 model, resulting in a priori NO2 profiles that are better mixed throughout the boundary layer. We evaluate the NO2 profiles simulated with the improved TM4 sampling as used in the AMF calculations and show that they are highly consistent with in situ NO2 measurements from aircraft during the INTEX-A and INTEX-B campaigns in 2004 and 2006. Our air mass factor calculations are further updated by the implementation of a high-resolution terrain height and a high-resolution surface albedo climatology based on OMI measurements. Together with a correction for across-track stripes, the overall impact of the improved terrain height and albedo descriptions is modest (
Design and Implement of Large-scale Social Network Analysis Platform Based on Hadoop

With the rapid development of social networks, Social Network Analysis (SNA) has become an important research direction. Aiming at the convenience of analyzing big data of social network, this paper designs a Hadoop based large-scale social network analysis platform (HNAP) for processing and analyzing large-scale data sets in a distributed environment. The designs of system framework, data model and processing model are introduced in detail. We also stresses on analyzing the characteristics of importing ﬁle format in preprocessing, the necessary features for an algorithm suitable for Hadoop platform and post-processing model in processing model. Finally, the rationality of the platform is veriﬁed by experiments. Our design is fully applicable to large-scale social network analysis, and takes full account of expandability in the future.
Scalable nuclear-spin entanglement mediated by a mechanical oscillator

We propose a solid-state hybrid platform based on an array of implanted nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond magnetically coupled to a mechanical oscillator. The mechanical oscillator and the NV electronic spins both act as a quantum bus and allow us to induce an effective long-range interaction between distant nuclear spins, relaxing the requirements on their spatial distance. The coherent nuclear spin-spin interaction, having the form of an Ising model, can be maintained in the presence of mechanical damping and spin dephasing via a pulsed dynamical decoupling of the nuclear spins in addition to the microwave driving field of the electronic spins. The present hybrid platform provides a scalable way to prepare multipartite entanglement among nuclear spins with long coherence times and can be applied to generate graph states that may be used for universal quantum computing.
DIVERSITY OF BACTERIAL WILT PATHOGEN IN ASIA AND THEIR CONTROL STRATEGIES

Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) is the causal organism of bacterial wilt of more than 200 species and 50 families of plants in tropical, subtropical, and warm regions in the world. Rs has been traditionally classified into five races based on differences and six biovars on the basis of biochemical properties for a long time. Several investigations employing molecular methods have confirmed this dichotomy with in Rs. The current bacterial wilt situation and the relationship with the genetic diversity based on the recent genetic information of the Asian Rs strains are summarized. In relation to emerging diseases, a bacterial wilt disease of Zingiberaceae plants caused by Rs strains occurred in ginger, mioga and curcuma fields of Kochi Prefecture, Japan is described. The disease has been expanding ever since to outside of the Prefecture. Characterization of the pathogenic Rs strains revealed that, the disease was caused by two types of the genetically different exotic Rs strains from different origins and has been spreading in epidemic proportions through separate routes. To control bacterial wilt disease, a wide range of disease management and control methods have been applied. As an important component of integrated disease management to be successfully achieved, case study of cultural, chemical, and biological (including resistant host) controls were outlined.
Semidefinite programming hierarchies for quantum error correction

We give asymptotically converging semidefinite programming hierarchies of outer bounds on bilinear programs of the form $\mathrm{Tr}\big[M(X\otimes Y)\big]$, maximized with respect to semidefinite constraints on $X$ and $Y$. Applied to the problem of quantum error correction this gives hierarchies of efficiently computable outer bounds on the optimal fidelity for any message dimension and error model. The first level of our hierarchies corresponds to the non-signalling assisted fidelity previously studied by [Leung & Matthews, IEEE Trans.~Inf. ~Theory 2015], and positive partial transpose constraints can be added and used to give a sufficient criterion for the exact convergence at a given level of the hierarchy. To quantify the worst case convergence speed of our hierarchies, we derive novel quantum de Finetti theorems that allow imposing linear constraints on the approximating state. In particular, we give finite de Finetti theorems for quantum channels, quantifying closeness to the convex hull of product channels as well as closeness to local operations and classical forward communication assisted channels. As a special case this constitutes a finite version of Fuchs-Schack-Scudo's asymptotic de Finetti theorem for quantum channels. Finally, our proof methods also allow us to answer an open question from [Brand\~ao & Harrow, STOC 2013] by improving the approximation factor of de Finetti theorems with no symmetry from $O(d^{k/2})$ to $\mathrm{poly}(d,k)$, where $d$ denotes local dimension and $k$ the number of copies.
The influence of learning context of implementation intentions over the increase in fruit consumption : Preliminary results from a pilot study

The present research is aiming to investigate the influence of the context of learning implementation intentions over the efficiency of the intervention. 73 participants enrolled for participation in this study. They learned a behavioral self-regulation strategy meant to help them implement their intentions to increase fruit consumption. The participants were randomized in one of the three experimental conditions: ego-depletion, control, hopelessness. All the participants, regardless of the experimental condition they were assigned to, where given a presentation on implementation intentions. They all designed "if-then" plans to increase fruit consumption. The pretest results concerning fruit consumption within the 48 hours before participation showed that approximately half of the participants already eat more than three fruits within the last 48 hours before pretest. Hence we decided to exclude them from the analysis, because they would benefit less from implementing an implementation intention strategy as they are already eating at least two fruits / day as a minimum intake. The preliminary analyses made on the retained sample showed that there are no significant differences between the three experimental conditions regarding a change in quantity, calories or pieces of fruit from fruit intake. Even though the results are not statistically significant, in this pilot study we have noticed a descriptive trend suggesting that the ego-depletion effect might be less intense and transitory because the fruit intake (quantity, calories and pieces), at 96 hours after the experiment, seems to be almost the same as it was in pretest.
MIRROR APPLIANCE: RECOMMENDATION OF CLOTHES COORDINATION IN DAILY LIFE

We developed a “Mirror Appliance” that is used to recommend various combinations of clothes in order to produce a coordinated look suitable for a given day’s events and weather. The system stores information on the user’s clothes, weather and the events to which the user previously wore certain clothes. When the user stands in front of the “Mirror Appliance”, the system refers to the current weather information, the user’s current schedule and the user’s past behavior. Using this system, the user can have chosen for him/her the most suitable combination of clothes that reflects his/her preferences.
Comparison of the cleaning effectiveness of Mtwo & protaper next rotary systems in permanent molar root canals: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the presence of debris on the dentinal wall of palatal root of maxillary molars and distal root of mandibular molars after instrumentation with rotary Mtwo and Protaper Next files under stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human maxillary /mandibular molar teeth were selected for this study. Teeth were divided into two groups of 20 teeth each (group A and B). Teeth were decoronated at the CEJ, palatal and distal roots were taken. In group A, all the 20 canals were subjected to cleaning and shaping with rotary Mtwo files and rotary Protaper Next files in group B. After splitting the roots longitudinally, the dentinal debris of each root canal was evaluated at three areas (coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root) by means of numerical evaluation scale, under a stereomicroscope. The data obtained were analysed statistically using Mann-Whitney Test. Results: There was no significant difference in the debris scores between the Mtwo group and Protaper Next group in the total canal area. Conclusions: Under the condition of the present study, both the instruments Mtwo and Protaper Next rotary systems can be used to complete the preparation of canals. The use of Protaper Next instruments resulted in better canal cleanliness in the middle part compared with Mtwo.
Bands : A Physical Data Structure to Represent Both Orientable and Non-Orientable 2-Manifold Meshes

This paper presents a physical data structure to represent both orientable and non-orientable 2-manifold meshes. With this data structure using simple examples, it is possible to convincingly illustrate a variety of ideas in shape modeling such as curvature and vertex defect; two-gons and one-gons; polygons in elliptic and hyperbolic space; edge twists; half-edges and edge-ends; projective plane and
Labeling Images with Queries: A Recall-based Image Retrieval Game Approach

Human computation game-based image labeling has proven eective in collecting image descriptions for use in improving image searching, browsing, and accessibility. ESP and Phetch are two successful image description games: the ESP game is designed for collecting keyword descriptions while the Phetch game for sentence descriptions. In this paper we propose and implement an image retrieval game for collecting query-like descriptions. The idea is that a player is presented with a target image for a short time and then needs to construct a query based on his recall of the image, with the goal of making the target image ranked as high as possible by an image search engine. We have conducted preliminary analysis of the queries collected from players who were recruited through the Amazon Turk. Our result shows that the image retrieval game enabled us to collect queries that are comparable to the real queries reported in existing studies, and it can also be used to collect informative tags while avoiding undesired ones such as trivial color words.
Pattern Development for Manufacturing Applications with Fused Deposition Modelling – A Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to examine the suitability of fused deposition modelling (FDM), for the production of a pattern that can be used in direct manufacturing applications. In this work, the benchmark was identified and its best part orientation in a FDM machine was located through experimentation. Control charts and process capability histogram were drawn to assess the process capability of the FDM process. The micro hardness of the prepared sample was measured to check the suitability of the process for investment casting applications. Further dimensional accuracy of patterns was established by IT grades as per the ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995). It was observed that the performance indices for all the dimensions in the present study are greater than 1. The study of photo micrographs using SEM gave an insight into the properties of the component (produced by FDM). This study highlights that the tolerance grades for ABS plastics are consistent with the permissible range of tolerance grades as per the ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN16901 standard.
Evaluation of spatial differentiation in the Pilsen region from a socioeconomic perspective

Abstract The main objective of this article is to evaluate spatial differentiation in the Pilsen region in the Czech Republic, to create a typology of territorial units, and to evaluate the potential for development and possible threats to development in relation to individual territorial types. To this end, municipal statistical indicators pertaining to population, employment, and economy, were gathered from each of the given territories. The Voronoi map technique was applied to interpolate the values of selected indicators. The typology was created using one of the multivariate statistical methods, namely, the cluster analysis. Furthermore, typological regions and strategies for their development were created.
User-Generated Physician Ratings—Evidence from Yelp

User-generated physician ratings from online sources are increasingly popular, but since consumers typically lack the ability to evaluate clinical quality, it is unclear whether these ratings actually help patients. Using the universe of Yelp physician ratings matched with Medicare claims, I examine what information on physician quality Yelp ratings reveal, whether they affect patients’ choices of physician, and how they influence physician behavior. Through text and correlational analysis, I show that although Yelp reviews primarily describe physicians’ interpersonal skills, Yelp ratings are also positively correlated with various measures of clinical quality. Instrumenting physicians’ average ratings with reviewers’ “harshness” in rating other businesses, I find that a one-star increase in physicians’ average ratings increases their revenue and patient volume by 1-2%. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I test whether, in response to being rated, physicians order more substances that are desirable by patients but potentially harmful clinically. I generally do not find that physicians substantially over-prescribe. Overall, Yelp ratings seem to benefit patients—they convey physicians’ interpersonal skills and are positively correlated with their clinical abilities, and they steer patients to higher-rated physicians. ∗I am indebted to my advisers Liran Einav, Jonathan Levin, Mark Duggan, Kate Bundorf, and Grant Miller for their guidance and encouragement throughout the project. I am also grateful to numerous feedbacks from my informal adviser Matthew Gentzkow. Comments and suggestions from Jay Bhattacharya, Nicholoas Bloom, Tim Bresnahan, David Chan, Amitabh Chandra, Michael Chernew, Raj Chetty, Han Hong, Caroline Hoxby, Daniel Kessler, Michael Luca, Emily Oster, Maria Polyakova, Jesse Shapiro, Dan Zeltzer, and seminar participants at Stanford labor/public economics and industrial organization workshops and ASHEcon 2018 conference are also appreciated. I also thank institutional knowledge and suggestions from Anna Lembke and Harold Luft. Generous funding from Leonard W. Ely and Shirley R. Ely Graduate Student Fellowship is acknowledged and appreciated. All errors are my own.
BROADBAND TRANSMISSION LOSS PERFORMANCE OF A HEMISPHERICAL END-CHAMBER MUFFLER WITH SINGLE END-INLET AND SINGLE / DOUBLE END-OUTLET

The axially short circular/elliptical cylindrical chamber is often used as a flow-reversing or straightflow end-chamber in a multi-pass perforated duct muffler, a typical component of a modern-day automotive exhaust system. However, due to its small expansion volume, such short end chambers yield low acoustic attenuation (expressed in terms of Transmission Loss (TL)) in the low-frequency range, induce a large back pressure and increasing the chamber length results in the occurrence of a trough (due to the first axial mode) at a lower frequency that deteriorates the TL performance. In view of these limitations, the use of a different geometry, namely, a rigid-wall hemispherical cavity as a flow-reversal end-chamber muffler is investigated for potentially enhancing the TL performance over a wider frequency range, especially at low frequencies. To this end, this paper analyses the TL performance of a hemispherical end-chamber muffler having a single end-inlet and single/double endoutlet by means of a 3-D semi-analytical formulation based on the modal expansion of the acoustic field and the Green’s function approach. The 3-D acoustic field inside the rigid-wall hemispherical end-chamber is expressed in terms of the orthogonal modal functions. The hemispherical end-chamber muffler system is characterised using the uniform piston-driven model in terms of the impedance [Z] matrix parameters obtained by computing the average of the 3-D Green’s function over the surface area of the ports which are modelled as rigid pistons. The TL graphs computed by using the 3-D semianalytical formulation are found to be in an excellent agreement with that obtained from the 3-D FEA, thereby validating the technique used here. Furthermore, the 3-D modal expansion method enables one to take into account, the relative polar angular location between the ports and also determine their optimal radial offset distance (corresponding to appropriate pressure nodes on the end face) to obtain a broadband TL performance. A comparison of the TL performance of the optimised hemispherical endchamber muffler with that of an equivalent circular end-chamber having an equal volume demonstrates a significantly higher frequency range over which a broadband attenuation is obtained by using the hemispherical cavity. Similarly, a comparison with the TL graph of an equivalent axially short circular end-chamber indicates that the former exhibits higher attenuation in the low-frequency range.