Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integral measures of the zero pressure gradient boundary layer over the Reynolds number range 
0≤Rτ<∞

A recently developed mixing length model of the turbulent shearing stress has been shown to generate a universal velocity profile that provides an accurate approximation to incompressible pipe flow velocity profiles over a wide Reynolds number range [B. J. Cantwell, “A universal velocity profile for smooth wall pipe flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 878, 834–874 (2019)]. More recently, the same profile was shown to accurately approximate velocity profiles in channel flow, the zero pressure gradient boundary layer, and the boundary layer in an adverse pressure gradient [M. A. Subrahmanyam, B. J. Cantwell, and J. J. Alonso, “A universal velocity profile for turbulent wall flows,” AIAA Paper No. 2021-0061, 2021 and M. A. Subrahmanyam, B. J. Cantwell, and J. J. Alonso, “A universal velocity profile for turbulent wall flows including adverse pressure gradient boundary layers,” J. Fluid Mech. (unpublished) (2021)] The universal velocity profile is uniformly valid from the wall to the free stream at all Reynolds numbers from zero to infinity. At a low Reynolds number, the profile approaches the laminar channel/pipe flow limit. The primary measure of the Reynolds number used in this work is the friction Reynolds number Rτ=uτδ/ν. It is a little unusual to use Rτ for the boundary layer since it requires that the velocity profile be cutoff using an arbitrarily defined overall boundary layer thickness, δ. Because of the slow approach of the velocity to the free stream, different conventions used to define the thickness lead to different values of Rτ assigned to a given flow. It will be shown in this paper that, through its connection to channel/pipe flow, the universal velocity profile can be used to define a practically useful, unambiguous, measure of overall boundary layer thickness, called here the equivalent channel half height, δh. For Rτ>≈5000, the universal velocity profile defines a Reynolds number independent shape function that can be used to generate explicit expressions for the infinite Reynolds number behavior of all the usual integral boundary layer measures; displacement thickness, momentum thickness, energy thickness, overall boundary layer thickness, and skin friction. The friction coefficient Cf(Rδ2) generated by the universal velocity profile accurately approximates data over a wide range of momentum thickness Reynolds numbers collected by Nagib et al. [“Can we ever rely on results from wall-bounded turbulent flows without direct measurements of wall shear stress? ,” AIAA Paper No. 2004-2392, 2004]. The universal velocity profile is used to integrate the von Kaŕman boundary layer integral equation [T. von Karman, “Uber laminaire und turbulente reibung,” Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 1, 233–252 (1921)] in order to generate the various thicknesses and friction velocity as functions of the spatial Reynolds number, Rx=uex/ν.
Fostering Consumer–Brand Relationships through social media brand communities

ABSTRACT Consumer-brand identification and consumer engagement in social media brand communities (SMBC) are two of the concepts most highlighted in recent studies, as brand benefit facilitators. This study addresses the importance of these two concepts and their interaction effect on brand loyalty in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) category. The results of the quantitative study show that in FMCG, consumer engagement in SMBC is driven by information searching, brand passion, feelings of community connection, and self-expression in the community. Consumer engagement and consumer-brand identification have positive impacts on brand trust and loyalty. The moderating effect of consumer–brand identification on the relationship between consumer engagement in SMBC and brand loyalty is negative, revealing that consumer engagement in social media brand communities has a stronger impact on brand loyalty when consumer-brand identification is low. This study showed the role of SMBC as a powerful communication medium, where brands and consumers can meet, and reach a mutual understanding of common needs and aspirations.
Graphene Decorated Fiber for Wearable Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity at Tiny Strain

It remains a challenge to achieve high sensitivity and a broad linear strain range simultaneously for wearable strain sensors. Specially, graphene‐based strain sensors always exhibit low sensitivity owing to the slippage of graphene flakes. To overcome this problem, Al3+ is used here as “mortars” for graphene flakes instead of polymers usually used in the literature, and thus a very simple and low‐cost strategy is developed to prepare a high‐performance reduced graphene oxide coated fiber strain sensor. The strain sensor shows a low detection limit (0.1% strain), high sensitivity, and a very broad linear sensing range (0–20%, R2 = 0.99, GF = 322), which is attributed to the occurrence of uniform microcracks under stretching induced by Al3+ as well as the large variation of the overlapped area between adjacent graphene flakes at small strain (<1% strain). Moreover, the good cycle stability and durability against water washing of the strain sensor are verified. The excellent properties of the wearable strain sensor ensure it successfully applied in the real‐time monitoring of human activities.
Bioh2, Heat and Power from Palm Empty Fruit Bunch via Pyrolysis-Autothermal Reforming: Plant Simulation, Experiments, and CO2 Mitigation

Empty fruit bunch, a significant by-product of the palm oil industry, represents a tremendous and hitherto neglected renewable energy resource for many countries in South East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The design and simulation of a plant producing pure hydrogen through autothermal reforming (ATR) of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) was carried out based on successful laboratory experiments of the core process. The bio-oil feed to the ATR stage was represented in the experiments and in the simulation by a surrogate bio-oil mixture of 11 organic compounds shown to be main constituents of PEFB oil from previous work, and whose combined elemental composition and volatility was determined to be as close as possible to that of the real PEFB bio-oil. The experiments confirmed that H2 yields close to equilibrium predictions were achievable using an in-house synthetised Rh-Al2O3 catalyst in a packed bed reactor. Initial sensitivity analysis on the plant revealed that feed molar steam to carbon ratio should not exceed 3 for the optimal design of the ATR hydrogen production plant. An overall plant efficiency of 39.4% was obtained for the initial design, this value was improved to 67.5% by applying pinch analysis to enhance the integration of heat in the design. The proposed design renders CO2 savings of about 0.56 kg per kg of raw PEFB processed. The proposed design and accompanying experimental studies together make a strong case on the possibility of polygeneration of H2, heat, and power from an otherwise discarded agricultural waste.
Towards Autonomous Driving: Review and Perspectives on Configuration and Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive/Steering Electric Vehicles

In this paper, the related studies of chassis configurations and control systems for four-wheel independent drive/steering electric vehicles (4WID-4WIS EV) are reviewed and discussed. Firstly, some prototypes and integrated X-by-wire modules of 4WID-4WIS EV are introduced, and the chassis configuration of 4WID-4WIS EV is analyzed. Then, common control models of 4WID-4WIS EV, i.e., the dynamic model, kinematic model, and path tracking model, are summarized. Furthermore, the control frameworks, strategies, and algorithms of 4WID-4WIS EV are introduced and discussed, including the handling of stability control, rollover prevention control, path tracking control and active fault-tolerate control. Finally, with a view towards autonomous driving, some challenges, and perspectives for 4WID-4WIS EV are discussed.
Climate change‐triggered land degradation and planetary health: A review

Land is a vital natural resource for human socio‐ecological wellbeing. Around the world, land is being degraded due to various natural and anthropogenic factors such as flooding, wind erosion, agriculture and human settlement, and anthropogenic climate change. While significant research has been conducted on the separate dyads of: (1) anthropogenic climate change and land degradation and (2) land degradation and health, limited consideration has been given to the cause‐and‐effect relationships between anthropogenic climate change‐triggered land degradation and planetary health consequences. Using a systematic literature review and the driving force, pressure, state, exposure, effect (DPSEE) framework, this study synthesizes the complex causal relationships of anthropogenic climate change‐triggered land degradation and its planetary health consequences. Our findings demonstrate that anthropogenic climate change has induced and accelerated natural and anthropogenic land degradation through an array of pathways, resulting in planetary health consequences that can be grouped into six categories: (1) food and nutritional insecurity, (2) communicable and noncommunicable diseases, (3) livelihood insecurity, (4) physical and mental health, (5) health hazards related to extreme weather events, and (6) migration and conflict. Interlinkages exist between these six planetary health impact categories, adding to the complexity of the causal pathways. These collective impacts are hampering the realization of the UN Sustainable Development Goals around the world. The findings of this study and our DPSEE framework can help policymakers identify and integrate actions to better manage the planetary health impacts of climate change‐induced land degradation.
Usefulness of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Diagnosing Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Large-Vessel Vasculitis: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the utility of FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and associated large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). Methods: We analyzed FDG-PET/CT completed between 2015 and 2019 on patients diagnosed with PMR. For comparisons, patients with PMR were matched 1:1 to controls based on age and gender. FDG-PET/CT had been completed on the controls over the same period. The FDG uptake was scored visually for 17 articular or periarticular sites and 13 vascular sites using a semi-quantitative scoring system (score of 0–3). Results: Eighty-one patients with PMR and eighty-one controls were included (mean age 70.7 (9.8) years; 44.4% women). Significant differences between the PMR and control groups were found at all articular and periarticular sites for the following: (i) the FDG uptake score (p < 0.001 for all locations); (ii) the number of patients per site with significant FDG uptake (score ≥ 2); (iii) the global FDG articular uptake scores (31 [IQR, 21 to 37] versus 6 [IQR, 3 to 10], p < 0.001); and (iv) the number of sites with significant FDG uptake (score ≥ 2) (scores of 0–17) (11 [IQR, 7 to 13] versus 1 [IQR, 0 to 2], p < 0.001). No significant differences in the global FDG vascular uptake scores were found between the patients who were considered isolated PMR and the control groups. Conclusions: The FDG uptake score and the number of sites with significant FDG uptake could be pertinent criteria for the diagnosis of PMR. Unlike others, we did not confirm the presence of vascular involvement in patients with isolated PMR.
Phosphorus Management and Recovery from Sewage Sludge on an International Scale - Potentials and Limitations

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient and essential for life. It is being mainly applied in agriculture as mineral fertiliser for food and feed production. The agricultural products which contain phosphorus are being consumed and eventually end up in waste such as sewage sludge. Since phosphorus is a non-renewable resource phosphate mines are getting depleted and thus imposing a serious challenge on future food security. One way of moving towards a more sustainable management of phosphorus is through recycling it from sewage sludge. Many countries have recognised the importance of managing and using phosphorus on a sustainable way. However, they differ in their patterns of phosphorus consumption, in their political approaches on recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge and their state of development in the implementation of P recovery technologies. This thesis analyses endeavours concerning P recovery from sewage sludge in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. The analysis consists of an examination of current legal frameworks and national strategies on P recovery in those ﬁve countries. Further, the thesis looks at the national P balances of the ﬁve countries to discern the main phosphorus ﬂows in a country and consequently make statements on current P management at the national level. Based on the P balances current and potential P recycling rates are being identiﬁed. In addition to that, this thesis includes investigations on whether technologies for P recovery from sewage sludge have been already implemented in those ﬁve countries. Since four of the ﬁve countries are members of the European Union regulations and strategies on P recovery on the EU level are being examined as well. The results of the analysis of the domestic regulations and the national P balances are being compared and differences among the countries regarding P recovery and P management are listed. The results from the comparison show that Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland have similar approaches concerning P management, but they slightly differ in their state of development in the implementation of technologies for P recovery from sewage sludge. However, none of the ﬁve countries is currently recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge on a large scale. Thus there is still work need to be done to attain the goal of sustainable P management and circular economy. the ratio to of total application agriculture. These ﬁgures show that P fertilisers could be easily replaced by recycled P sludge. a total recycling of from sludge would not sufﬁce to the demanded of total P input into agriculture.
DYNAMIC ADSORPTION OF H2S IN A FIXED BED OF SEWAGE SLUDGE PYROLYSIS CHAR

In this work, sewage sludge char was tested as a H2S adsorbent in a fixed-bed column, at 25 °C. The char was activated physically and chemically (with HCl or KOH) to enhance textural properties. Commercial activated carbon impregnated with iron was also tested for comparison. The column was filled with 18.24 g of char and, then, fed H2S (600 ppm) under 50 mL/min. The effluent gas composition was measured via photocolorimetry and the data was used to plot breakthrough curves. A mathematical modeling was used to estimate parameters such as axial diffusivity, effective intraparticle diffusivity, and external mass transfer coefficient. The main results show that the adsorption capacities varied from 7.2 to 657.60 mgH2S/gads. The percentages of H2S adsorbed varied from 43.36 to 59.04%. HCl proved to be more efficient than KOH. Due to improved textural properties, the commercial activated carbon outperformed (69.15%, 12,527.80 mgH2S/gads) all char samples.
Recovery from memory failure when recalling a memorized performance: The role of musical structure and performance cues

To perform reliably and confidently from memory, musicians must able to recover from mistakes and memory failures. We describe how an experienced singer (the second author) recovered from mistakes and gaps in recall as she periodically recalled the score of a piece of vocal music that she had memorized for public performance, writing out the music six times over a five-year period following the performance. Five years after the performance, the singer was still able to recall two-thirds of the piece. When she made mistakes, she recovered and went on, leaving gaps in her written recall that lengthened over time. We determined where in the piece gaps started (losses) and ended (gains), and compared them with the locations of structural beats (starts of sections and phrases) and performance cues (PCs) that the singer reported using as mental landmarks to keep track of her progress through the piece during the sung, public performance. Gains occurred on structural beats where there was a PC; losses occurred on structural beats without a PC. As the singer’s memory faded over time, she increasingly forgot phrases that did not start with a PC and recovered at the starts of phrases that did. Our study shows how PCs enable musicians to recover from memory failures.
Towards an improved understanding of participation in natural hazard early warning systems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the conceptual understanding of the process of participation in early warning systems (EWS) through a review of participatory EWS examples in the academic literature. Specifically, this paper asks: who is involved, what responsibilities do participants hold, what activities are they involved in, and what are the associated successes, issues and outcomes? Design/methodology/approach A total of 30 cases of participation in EWS documented in the academic literature were identified through online searches. Existing concepts in participation (power and responsibility, communication) and people-centred early warning (risk knowledge, monitoring and warning, communication and dissemination and response capability) were used to examine each paper. Findings Participation was found to take place through a range of activities across all elements of the EWS. Participation also varied in breadth of inclusion, ranging from the general public to selected volunteers. The majority of cases received support and facilitation from other actors, such as government and NGOs, but the extent of power and responsibility held by participants varied greatly within this. Common successes and issues associated with participatory EWS and the potential outcomes are presented, and the opportunities, challenges and gaps in knowledge are discussed. Originality/value This paper links participation and EWS literature to form a clearer conceptualisation of participation in EWS in support of future research in the field. It provides unique insights into who participates, their roles and relations with other actors and the outcomes of participation.
Martensitic and Inter-Martensitic Transformations in Magnetocaloric Ni2.15Mn0.85Ga Heusler Alloy

The entropy changes in successive martensitic phase transformations in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys can be used to realize enhanced magnetocaloric properties. A detailed study of phase transformations of one such alloy, Ni2.15Mn0. 85Ga ( $\Delta Q =4900$ J/kg at 343 K, under 140 kOe), is reported here. Upon cooling, the paramagnetic cubic (L21) austenitic phase transforms into a ferromagnetic 7M modulated monoclinic martensitic phase. This phase is stable in a narrow temperature range, and upon further cooling, it transforms into a non-modulated ferromagnetic tetragonal (L10) phase. The separation between the equilibrium temperatures of the austenitic and tetragonal martensitic phases is only ~50 K. The alloy undergoes reversible temperature-induced martensitic and inter-martensitic phase transformations with thermal hysteresis of about 25 K. The conclusions from the detailed study of the phase transformations lead to new possibilities to enhance the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) using the entropy associated with multi-structural transformations.
Teacher educators’ perceptions and challenges of using critical pedagogy: A case study of higher teacher education in Tanzania

This study investigates teacher educators’ perceptions of and challenges affecting the use of critical pedagogy in higher teacher education in Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative case study design and collected in-depth data through semi-structured interviews and direct classroom observations. The findings showed that critical pedagogy is a significant approach for developing students’ abilities to do critical reflection. However, critical pedagogy demands building a friendly relationship with students and encouraging dialogic interactions; all these lead to critical reflection in return, ensuring better understanding of the subject content. Most importantly, the findings report several challenges related to the presence of crowded classes, the use of lecturing teaching style and the use of English as a language of instruction, the use of unsuitable assessment format that is university guided and lack of teaching resources. These challenges impede the effective use of critical pedagogy in teaching. To overcome such challenges, policy makers and institutional leaders need to rethink of providing teaching resources and encouraging the use of critical pedagogy in teaching and learning at higher teacher education programmes. The study concludes that by practising what teacher educators perceive to be critical pedagogy, classrooms will be transformed into places of liberation. Further, while this qualitative study does not intend to make any generalisation, the findings might be of interest to international teacher educators who are interested in employing the critical pedagogy approach effectively.
Efek Green Perceived Value dan Risk terhadap Green Repurchase Intention: Green Trust sebagai Pemediasi pada Pengguna Pertalite di Kota Ternate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Green Perceived Value dan Green Perceived Risk terhadap Green Repurchase Intention, dengan Green Trut sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi masyarakat Kota Ternate yang menggunakan BBM jenis Pertalite pada kendaraan bermotor dengan metode pengambilan sampel yaitu Non Probability Sampling dan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Purposive Sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis jalur, uji F, uji t dan uji sobel dengan bantuan aplikasi IBM SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: green perceived value berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap green trust dan green repurchase intention, green perceived risk berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap green trust dan green perceived risk berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan green repurchase intention, green trust berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap green repurchase intention, green trust dapat memediasi pengaruh green perceived value ke green repurchase intention, green trust dapat memediasi pengaruh green perceived risk ke green repurchase intention.
An intelligent IoMT enabled feature extraction method for early detection of knee arthritis

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid are most common form of arthritis disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide. This article presents a computer aided detection system (CAD) for early knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid detection using X‐ray images and machine learning classifiers. This work also proposed a novel feature extractor from X‐ray images of knee to assist in detection and classification, called explainable Renyi entropic segmentation with Internet of Things (IoT) framework. The proposed method later utilizes model agnostic algorithm using post hoc explainability for extracting relevant information from prediction of knee joint segmentation. CAD system is integrated with an IoT framework and can be used remotely to assist medical practitioners in treatments of knee arthritis. The presented results show commendable improvement over different existing feature extractors in combination with different classifiers. The best result of proposed extractor method was obtained when combined with random forest classifier having Euclidean hyperparameter that gave an accuracy of 95.23%, among all the evaluators. The obtained results show the effectiveness of proposed feature extractor model to determine relevant features from knee and describe the suitable knee disorders.