Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scala-virtualized

Scala-Virtualized extends the Scala language to better support hosting embedded DSLs. Embedding a DSL in Scala-Virtualized comes with all the benefits of a shallow embedding thanks to Scala's flexible syntax, without giving up analyzing and manipulating the domain program -- typically exclusive to deep embeddings. Through lightweight modular staging, implemented in standard Scala, the benefits of a deep embedding are recovered with little overhead. Scala-Virtualized lifts more of the language's built-in constructs and static information to complete this support and make it more convenient. We illustrate how Scala-Virtualized makes Scala an even better host for embedded DSLs along three axes of customizing the language: syntax, run-time behavior and static semantics.
1-Phenyl-2-p-tolyl-1H-benzimidazole

In the title compound, C20H16N2, the benzimidazole ring system forms dihedral angles of 28.50 (7) and 72.44 (7)° with the tolyl and phenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains along the a-axis direction by weak C—H⋯N interactions. The crystal structure also features C—H⋯π interactions.
3-Hydroxy-N′-isopropylidene-2-naphthohydrazide

The title Schiff base, C14H14N2O2, is close to being planar (r.m.s. deviation for the non-hydrogen atoms = 0.052 Å) and an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the moleucles are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, giving rise to helical chains propagating along the c axis of the tetragonal unit cell.
5-Cyclohexyl-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-methylsulfinyl-1-benzofuran

In the title compound, C21H21FO2S, the cyclohexyl ring adopts a chair conformation. The 3-fluorophenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 38.38 (6)° with the mean plane [r.m.s. deviation = 0.010 (1) Å] of the benzofuran fragment. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
3,3,4,4,5,5-Hexafluoro-1,2-bis[5-(2-fluoro-4′-undecyloxybiphenyl-4-yl)-2-methyl-3-thienyl]cyclopentene

The title compound, C61H68F8O2S2, is a photochromic liquid crystal based on diarylethene as photoswitchable unit. The F atoms connected to the benzene rings are disordered over two positions; the site-occupation factors refined to 0.830 (3)/0.170 (3). The molecule adopts a photo-active antiparallel conformation and the distance between the two reactive C atoms of the thiophene rings is 3.448 (3) Å. The dihedral angles between the central cyclopentene ring and the adjacent thiophene rings are 43.56 (3) and 48.58 (3)°. These structural elements exhibit a suitable geometry for photochromic behaviour in the crystalline state.
Embryonic Length, Crown-Rump Length and Fetal Heart Activity in Early Human Pregnancy Determination by Transvaginal Ultrasound

First trimester determination by transvaginal ultrasound of embryonic and fetal characteristics may lead to a more appropriate management in early pregnancy as well as in the second and third trimester. This article describes a number of findings regarding our studies on embryonic and fetal growth as well as embryonic and fetal cardiac activity, in pregnancies established by in vitro-fertilisation (IVF). The most important findings are firstly the time span of about 5 days over which the process of nidation eventually leads to the occurrence of an embyonic heart beat in ongoing pregnancies, secondly the relationship between occurrence and frequency of cardiac activity and the chance of a first trimester abortion and thirdly the different growth curve in comparison to the currently widely accepted curve (the Robinson curve). Our published as well as submitted data relating to these three findings are presented. 11-
Bis(chloroacetato-κO)bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)tin(IV)

In the title complex, [Sn(C2H2ClO2)2(C4H11Si)2], the SnIV ion is coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral environment formed by two O atoms from two monodenate chloroacetato ligands and two C atoms from two trimethyl silyl ligands. Two further weak intramolecular Sn⋯O contacts [2.744 (2) and 2.655 (2) Å] are formed by the chloroacetato ligands.
Dichlorido{(E)-4-dimethylamino-N′-[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene-κN]benzohydrazide-κO}zinc

In the mononuclear title complex, [ZnCl2(C15H16N4O)], the ZnII cation is five-coordinated in a strongly distorted square-pyramidal environment by two Cl− anions and a neutral tridentate Schiff base ligand. The ZnII cation is chelated by the carbonyl O atom, the imine N atom and the pyridine N atom, which causes a slight loss of planarity for the ligand; the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 4.61 (8)°.
1-Methyl-3,3-bis(phenylsulfanyl)piperidin-2-one

The piperidone ring in the title compound, C18H19NOS2, is in a distorted half-chair conformation, distorted towards a twisted boat, with the central methylene C atom of the propyl backbone lying 0.606 (2) Å out of the plane defined by the other five atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.1197 Å). One of the S-bound phenyl rings is almost perpendicular to the least-squares plane through the piperidone ring, whereas the other is splayed [dihedral angles = 75.97 (6) and 44.21 (7)°, respectively]. The most prominent feature of the crystal packing is the formation of helical supramolecular chains along the b axis sustained by C—H⋯O interactions. The chains are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture via C—H⋯π interactions whereby one S-bound phenyl ring accepts two C—H⋯π contacts.
1,1′-[4-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl]diethanone

In the title compound, C17H17Cl2NO2, the central 1,4-dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened-boat conformation. The ethanone substituents of the dihydropyridine ring at positions 3 and 5 have synperiplanar (cis) or antiperiplanar (trans) conformations with respect to the adjacent C=C bonds in the dihydropyridine ring. The 2,4-dichlorophenyl ring is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0045 (1) Å] and almost perpendicular [89.27 (3)°] to the mean plane of the dihydropyridine ring. In the crystal, an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond links molecules into a zigzag chain along the ac diagonal. C—H⋯Cl contacts form centrosymmetric dimers and additional weak C—H⋯O contacts further consolidate the packing.
Revision of the Healthy Lifestyle-Diet Index and association of the revised index with obesity and iron deficiency in schoolchildren: The Healthy Growth Study

2 Abstract Background: The Healthy Lifestyle-Diet Index (HLD-index) previously designed to assess the degree of adherence to dietary and lifestyle guidelines for primary schoolchildren was revised according to new recommendations. �he association of the revised HLD-index (R-HLD-index) with obesity and iron deficiency (ID) was also examined. Methods: A representative sample of 2660 primary schoolchildren from Greece (9-13 years old) participating in the 'Healthy Growth Study' was examined. Twelve components related to dietary and lifestyle patterns were used to develop the R-HLD-index. Scores from 0 up to 4 were assigned to each one of these components. The R-HLD-index total score ranged between 0 and 48. The associations between the R-HLD-index, obesity and ID were examined via logistic regression analysis. Results: The total score of the R-HLD-index calculated for each one of the study participants was found to range between 2 and 32 units, with higher scores being indicative of healthier lifestyle and better diet quality. After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in the R-HLD-index score by one unit was associated with 6% lower odds of being obese. However, no significant association was observed between the R-HLD-index score and ID. Conclusions: The R-HLD-index may be a useful tool for public health pol- icy makers and other healthcare professionals when assessing diet quality and lifestyle patterns of primary schoolchildren. Higher scores of this index were found to be significantly associated with a lower level of children's weight status but not with ID.
(Z)-N-[1-(Aziridin-1-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene]-4-bromoaniline

The title compound, C10H8BrF3N2, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, which can be considered as being related by a pseudo-inversion center, so their conformations are different; the corresponding N=C—N—C torsion angles are 54.6 (5) and −50.5 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules related by translation in [001] interact through short intermolecular Br⋯F contacts [3.276 (2) and 3.284 (2) Å], thus forming two types of crystallographically independent chains.
5-Chloro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-3-methylsulfinyl-1-benzofuran

In the title compound, C16H13ClO2S, the dihedral angle between the mean plane [r.m.s. deviation = 0.004 (2) Å] of the benzofuran ring system and the 4-methylphenyl ring is 29.25 (8)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯O interactions generate R 2 2(14) loops.
(tert-Butylimido)bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)pyridinezirconium(IV)

The title compound, [Zr(C5H5)2(C4H9N)(C5H5N)], was obtained from the reaction of (C5H5)2Zr(py)(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3) (py is pyridine) and tBuN=C=NtBu alongside the formation of (C5H5)2Zr(CNtBu)(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3). The zirconium atom is coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry by two cyclopentadienyl ligands, a pyridine ligand, and a tert-butylimido ligand via a Zr=N double bond. The tert-butyl group is disordered over two positions in a 0.634 (5):0.366 (5) ratio.
2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-1-one

In the title compound, C18H21NO3, the naphthalene group and the basal plane of the morpholine ring (r.m.s. deviations = 0.0177 and 0.0069 Å, respectively) are oriented at a dihedral angle of 44.0 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯π interactions.
5,7-Dimethoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H10O4, which has been isolated from rhizoma Polygonum Cuspidatum, a Chinese folk medicine, contains two crystallographically independent molecules. The molecules are essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.061 (2) Å from the best planes. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions, with a stacking direction of the molecules parallel to [101].
2-(4-Fluorophenyl)quinoxaline

In the title compound, C14H9FN2, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the quinoxaline ring system is 22.2 (3)°. Any aromatic π–π stacking in the crystal must be very weak, with a minimum centroid–centroid separation of 3.995 (2) Å.
Perceptual Expectations Modulate Low-Frequency Activity: A Statistical Learning Magnetoencephalography Study

Abstract Perceptual expectations can change how a visual stimulus is perceived. Recent studies have shown mixed results in terms of whether expectations modulate sensory representations. Here, we used a statistical learning paradigm to study the temporal characteristics of perceptual expectations. We presented participants with pairs of object images organized in a predictive manner and then recorded their brain activity with magnetoencephalography while they viewed expected and unexpected image pairs on the subsequent day. We observed stronger alpha-band (7–14 Hz) activity in response to unexpected compared with expected object images. Specifically, the alpha-band modulation occurred as early as the onset of the stimuli and was most pronounced in left occipito-temporal cortex. Given that the differential response to expected versus unexpected stimuli occurred in sensory regions early in time, our results suggest that expectations modulate perceptual decision-making by changing the sensory response elicited by the stimuli.
A study on palm vein image generation using near infrared images and color images based on deep learning

Palm veins images are taken by a near infrared camera and a common digital camera. It is possible to generate clear vein images using near-infrared rays, but this is not easy using a color image. A near infrared palm vein image for training data and a color image were arranged in a dataset pair; the datasets were learned using a deep learning method called pix2pix. Clear palm vein images close to the near infrared image were generated using our proposed method. Our experimental results showed that we can take a palm vein image using only a general digital camera without a near infrared camera. Realization of palm veins authentication on an inexpensive smartphone is expected.
Role of the pulse duration at measurements of spectral signatures of substances in THz range of frequencies

THz TDS is one of tools, which can be effective for the security problem solution. As a rule, the detection and identification of substance is based on the spectral fingerprints: absorption frequencies of substance. To detect the substance, it is necessary to compare its absorption frequencies with those from database which contains the absorption frequencies of various substance. Therefore, a role of this data is one of the keys for the problem solution. As follows from analysis of papers, the measurements of the absorption frequencies were provided by using broadband THz pulse. Due to essential non-stationary response of a medium as well as broadband spectrum of the THz pulse, in the spectrum of pulse, transmitted through a substance, many additional frequencies appear. Among them maybe appear “false” absorption frequencies, appearance of which is caused by frequency conversion processes, as well as the frequencies, corresponding to a substance emission because of a high energy levels excitation due to the cascade mechanism. Both these mechanisms of the spectrum transformation strongly depend on the incident pulse duration. Another additional factor resulting in observing of the false absorption frequencies is disordered (or ordered) packing for the substance. In THz range of frequencies, the most part of the packing is a disordered photonic structure and developing of the strategy to avoid its influence on the efficiency of detection and identification of substance is a key problem. We discuss once more approach for solving this problem in this paper.
Improved multi-slice Fourier ptychographic microscopy technique for high-accuracy three-dimensional tomography under oblique illuminations

Recently, with the increasing demand for high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) imaging and localizing of the internal subcellular structures in cells, quantitative refractive index tomography technique has been developed and widely applied in various fields, such as molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology. Thanks to the noninterference, large field of view and high resolution advantages of traditional Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) technique, quantitative phase tomography (QPT) method based on multi-slice (MS) FPM has attracted considerable attention lately. However, since the reported MS model is simply established on the traditional two-dimensional FPM, it is difficult to characterize the 3D diffractive propagation properties under large oblique illumination angles accurately. In order to solve this problem, an improved MS model for 3D FPM is proposed in this paper. First, the phase difference image of each slice under the vertical illumination is regarded as the standard phase map. Then, based on the law of refraction, the true phase delay of each slice under large oblique illumination angle is established according to the 3D optical path difference variation. The numerical error between the true phase delay and the standard phase map is then compensated in the iterative reconstruction algorithm, and finally the reconstruction accuracy and quality of the 3D QPT could be improved.
A phase-guided method for extracting the contour of the fusion area in laser powder bed fusion

Process signatures of the fusion area directly determine the quality of the part in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The geometric contour of the fusion area is one of the most important indicators of manufacturing quality. The accurate detection of the contour has been generating considerable interest. However, due to the complex operating condition in LPBF, the 2D images of the fusion area suffer from shortcomings such as poor contrast, high noise, and vary illumination. This makes the location of the contour extremely difficult for traditional detection methods. In this study, a robust contour detection method of the fusion area in LPBF is proposed. In order to raise the contrast of the contour, the phase image with clear contour details will be calculated from a series of fringe images with phase shift projected onto the fusion area. A phase-guided contour extraction method is conducted to accurately locate the center of contour which reduces significantly the impact of the severe manufacturing condition. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can obtain the contours of the fusion area in a very short time, with higher accuracy and repeatability. In addition, it also holds the potential to be an effective way to monitor the geometric defects layer-wise.
Polarization scattering characteristics of surface micro-morphology of optical elements

The scattering energy distribution described by the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) is the most basic radiation property for calculating other properties. In order to characterize the effect of the surface topography of the optical component on the scattering properties, based on the first-order perturbation theory combined with the Rayleigh scattering model, considering the specular reflection and scattering, an improved polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function(pBRDF) is proposed based on the BRDF. The influence of factors such as the surface roughness and the incident angle of irradiation on the scattering distribution and the polarization scattering distribution are discussed. A series of experimental scattering distribution curves are obtained by designing and building an experimental device based on the BRDF theory. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation data, which demonstrates the high accuracy of the pBRDF model. Finally, the power spectral density(PSD) is inverted by scattering measurement data. The results compared with the experimental data of CCI2000, verify the correctness of the proposed model. The present research offers an objective guidance for conducting surface quality detection in the field of precision optical components processing and for ensuring the optical transmission quality of precision optical systems.
Automatic phase aberration compensation for digital holographic microscopy based on rotation and transpose

Digital holographic microscopy is a well-known powerful technique for quantitative phase measurement. However, the object phase is always embedded in aberrations. Here, a simple numerical compensation method based on rotation and transpose is reported. At first, we can obtain transpose phase by doing transpose transformation for original unwrapped phase. After subtracting transpose phase from original unwrapped phase, the subtraction phase is obtained and parts of aberrations also can be compensated. Subsequently, the rotation phase is obtained by doing rotation transformation with 180° for subtraction phase. Then, the residual phase aberrations are eliminated by subtracting rotation phase from subtraction phase. Not only off-axis tilt and parabolic phase aberration but also high order aberrations are removed without fitting operation or prior parameter of the specimen. The great performance makes our scheme available for single-shot quantitative phase imaging. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal.
A New Green Salamander in the Southern Appalachians: Evolutionary History of Aneides aeneus and Implications for Management and Conservation with the Description of a Cryptic Microendemic Species

Green salamanders (Plethodontidae: Aneides aeneus) are rock outcrop habitat specialists, possessing numerous unique morphological adaptations (e.g., prehensile tail and squared toe-pads) for climbing. Some authors believe A. aeneus, which is widely distributed across the Appalachian Mountains of the inland eastern United States, comprises a species complex due to substantial karyotypic variation among populations. We conducted a population genetic and phylogenetic study across the range of A. aeneus and discovered substantial genetic structure, including four distinct lineages, one of which we describe as Aneides caryaensis, new species. Restricted to a narrow geographic distribution in western North Carolina, this species faces pressing conservation threats due to rapid real estate and tourism development in the area. We also recommend the recognition of three geographically distinct and reciprocally monophyletic lineages as evolutionarily significant units due to strong mitochondrial and nuclear differentiation among them. Aneides aeneus has been petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act, and our study further highlights the need for conservation management of this complex. Our formal recognition of the extent of genetic and evolutionary diversification of the complex is a critical step in establishing conservation strategies.
Molecular Screening of Plasmodium (Haemosporidia: Plasmodiidae) Parasites from Reptiles in Brazil

ABSTRACT Hemosporidians are a monophyletic group of protozoan parasites infecting all terrestrial vertebrate orders. Although Plasmodium is the most studied genus within the Haemosporidia, this research effort is heavily biased toward mammal and bird hosts. We screened 205 specimens of at least 18 reptile species from Brazil using a partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene marker. Positive samples were sequenced and included in a phylogenetic assessment. Four positive PCR products matched others identified as Plasmodium using BLAST from 3 different host species, Ameiva ameiva, Tropidurus hispidus, and Hemidactylus mabouia. Recovery of similar haplotypes in the native T. hispidus and exotic H. mabouia (99.9%) indicate potential host-switching.