Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disaster Prevention and Management : An International Journal A bottom-up approach to developing a neighbourhood-based resilience measurement framework

Purpose –As disaster resilience activities are increasingly occurring at the neighbourhood level, there is a growing recognition in research and in practice of the contributions that community stakeholders can make in assessing the resilience of their communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process in deriving a disaster resilience measurement framework by soliciting the perspectives of stakeholders from urban neighbourhoods in two countries. The authors examined their community values, and their perspectives on both the concept of resilience and the essential elements that they believe would contribute to the resiliency of their neighbourhoods. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used an appreciative inquiry approach to draw out the perspectives of 58 stakeholders from nine focus groups in five urban neighbourhoods in New Zealand and in the USA. Findings – Results of this research show common values and recurring perceived characteristics of disaster resilience across the study sites. A neighbourhood-based disaster resilience measurement framework is developed that encompasses individual/psychological, socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural/built, and institutional/governance dimensions of disaster resilience. In the process of developing the framework, the authors identified challenges in engaging certain segments of the population and in accounting for wider structural influences on neighbourhood resilience. Research limitations/implications – Issues relating to inclusive community engagement and linkages to cross-scalar resilience factors need to be addressed in future studies. Practical implications – Results of this research provide insights and guidance for policy makers and practitioners when engaging communities in the development of resilience metrics. Originality/value – This study fills the literature gap in evaluating community values and stakeholders’ perspectives on disaster resilience when identifying metrics for resilience interventions in urban neighbourhoods. The proposed measurement framework is derived from cross-cultural and diverse socioeconomic settings.
CMAR_A_276422 4579..4586

1Department of Mammary Gland, Shanxi People’s Hospital, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, 030000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Surgery, Shanxi Provincial General Team Hospital of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, 030000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Mammary Gland, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, 030000, People’s Republic of China Objective: The functions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 in breast cancer have been explored. This study was carried out to explore ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 expression levels in breast cancer patients and their relationship with ultrasound signs and prognosis. Patients and Methods: A total of 274 female primary breast cancer patients received preoperative ultrasound examination. ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 expression levels in breast cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining after surgery. The correlations of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 expression with ultrasound signs and prognosis of breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results: The positive expression rate of ER, PR and HER-2 and Ki-67 high expression in 274 breast cancer patients was 73.36% (201/274), 59.85% (164/274), 24.09% (66/274) and 66.06% (181/274), respectively. ER-positive expression had association with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and blood flow grading; HER-2-positive expression was associated with LNM, while Ki-67-positive expression was related to the tumor diameter, LNM, and blood flow grading. LNM and Ki-67 high expression were risk factors for OS; PR-positive was a protective factor for OS; TNM stage, tumor diameter, LNM and Ki-67 high expression were risk factors for DFS in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 in breast cancer are related to the ultrasound signs and prognosis of breast cancer patients. The joint detection of multiple indicators provides a reference for the individualized treatment of targeted drugs.
Upstream Gy-Globin and Downstream 3-Globin Sequences Required for Stage-Specific Expression in Transgenic Mice

The human G-y-globin and 1-globin genes are expressed in erythroid cells at different stages of human development, and previous studies has-e shown that the two cloned genes are also expressed in a differential stage-specific manner in transgenic mice. The G-y-globin gene is expressed only in murine embryonic erythroid cells, while the ,B-globin gene is active only at the fetal and adult stages. In this study, we analyzed transgenic mice carrying a series of hybrid genes in which different upstream, intragenic, or downstream sequences were contributed by the l-globin or Gy-globin gene. WN'e found that hybrid 5'Gy/3'I globin genes containing G-y-globin sequences upstream from the initiation codon were expressed in embryonic erythroid cells at levels simi[ar to those of an intact Gy-globin transgene. In contrast, ,3-globin upstream sequences were insufficient for expression of 5'0113'G-y hybrid globin genes or a 1-globin-metallothionein fusion gene in adult erythroid cells. However, ,B-globin downstream sequences, including 212 base pairs of exon III and 1,900 base pairs of 3'-flanking DNA, were able to activate a 5'Gy/3',B hybrid globin gene in fetal and adult erythroid
symposium article Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) constitutes 1% of malignant diseases and 15% of haematological malignancies. In virtually all patients MM is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signiﬁcance (MGUS). The cause of monoclonal gammopathies and the mechanisms of progression are unknown. The diagnosis of MM requires the presence of an M-protein in serum and/or urine, increased bone marrow plasma cells and related organ or tissue impairment. Cytogenetic status, serum b 2-microglobulin and response to therapy are the key prognostic factors. The treatment of younger patients with MM should include a triple-agent induction regimen (i.e. bortezomib/thalidomide/ dexamethasone), autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and consolidation and maintenance incorporating novel agents along with sequential minimal residual disease studies to determine for how long treatment is still of beneﬁt. Allogeneic transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning is promising but remains experimental. For patients not eligible for ASCT the best initial regimens are melphalan/prednisone/thalidomide (MPT), melphalan/prednisone/ bortezomib (MPV) and lenalidomide/dexamethasone. In relapsing patients, the choice of salvage therapy should depend on: (i) the components of initial therapy, (ii) the degree and duration of response, (iii) type of relapse: aggressive versus indolent, (iv) previous toxicities and (v) age and performance status. A sequential approach is preferred over combination of multiple agents. Supportive measures include the use of bisphosphonates and erythropoietin according to the updated guidelines.
A Novel Asymmetric Three Phase Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Switches

: Multilevel inverters (MLI) are the most reliable and suitable inverters for medium and high-power applications. These inverters reduce the total harmonic distortion. There exist many types of single and three-phase multilevel inverters which are used in industries. The main issue of these multilevel inverters is use of an excess number of switches, which introduces the in-system losses, complexity of circuit, size, and cost etc. There are many novel topologies of multilevel inverter which are addressing the same issues. This paper anticipated a new topology of asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI). This novel topology can be used for single, three and multi-phase inverters and is most suitable for medium and high-power applications. To demonstrate the working of this novel topology in detail, its modes of operation are also explained. The validity of this inverter is tested for both resistive and inductive load. Due to the utilization of very limited switches, gate drivers and DC voltage sources, it is found that this topology is low cost, simple and efficient inverter.
Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study

, Abstract Background— Cigarette smoking is an established predictor of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the effects of smoking cessation on diabetes risk are unknown. Objective— To test the hypothesis that smoking cessation increases diabetes risk in the short term, possibly due to cessation-related weight gain. Design— Prospective cohort study. Setting— The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Patients— 10,892 middle-aged adults who initially did not have diabetes in 1987 to 1989. Measurements— We assessed smoking by interview at baseline and at subsequent follow-ups. Incident diabetes was ascertained by fasting glucose assays through 1998 and self-report of physician diagnosis or use of diabetes medications through 2004. Results— During 9 years of follow-up, 1,254 adults developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with adults who never smoked, the adjusted hazard ratio of incident diabetes in the highest tertile of pack-years was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.67). In the first 3 years of follow-up, 380 adults quit smoking. After adjustment for age, race, sex, education, adiposity, physical activity, lipids, blood pressure, and ARIC center, compared with adults who never smoked the hazard ratio of diabetes among former smokers, new quitters, and continuing smokers were 1.22 (CI, 0.99 to 1.50), 1.73 (CI, 1.19 to 2.53), and 1.31 (CI, 1.04 to 1.65),
MODULATION OF FINE-SCALE VELOCITY GRADIENT PHENOMENA BY CONCURRENT LARGE-SCALE VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS IN A DEVELOPED SHEAR FLOW

The interaction between the large-scale velocity ﬂuctuations ( u L ) and the small-scale velocity gradient phenomena, such as dissipation and the vortex stretching term, are examined in a turbulent free-shear ﬂow. The difference between the probability density functions of these small-scale quantities conditioned on the sign of u L is quantiﬁed by means of the Kullback-Leibler divergence. It is observed that the interaction between u L and the velocity gradient phenomena is maximised at a ﬁlter length of 4 λ , where λ is the Taylor length-scale. It is postulated that this is consistent with a mean shear mechanism.
Inﬂuence of Chemical Modiﬁcations of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Derived Fatty Acids on Their Antimicrobial Properties

: Sugar esters are bioactive compounds derived from renewable resources. They consist of a sugar moiety with attached non-polar part – usually a fatty acid. These compounds ﬁnd uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries as surfactants due to their physicochemical and antimicrobial activities. In this study we have produced fatty acids for sugar ester synthesis from bacterially derived polyesters, namely polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). We have developed methodology to decorate PHA monomers with a ﬂuorinated moiety. With aid of biocatalysis a series of glucose esters was created with unmodiﬁed and modiﬁed PHA monomers. All synthesised compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity.
LISP-DDT 매핑 시스템에 관한 연구 A Propagated-Mode LISP-DDT Mapping System

- The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) is a new routing architecture that implements a new semantic for IP addressing. It enables the separation of IP addresses into two new numbering spaces: Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators (RLOCs). This approach will solve the issue of rapid growth of the Internet’s DFZ (default-free zone). In this paper, we propose an algorithm called the Propagated-Mode Mapping System to improve the map request process of LISP-DDT
Temporal Acquisitionof Enhanced FibrinolyticActivity by Syrian Hamster EmbryoCells followingTreatment with Benzo(a)pyrene1

Following treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells with benzo(a)pyrene, the time required for the expression of enhanced fibninolytic activity was examined. For this study, the fibnin-agarose overlay method was developed to distin guish the activity of normal and transformed colonies of hamster cells. Colonies possessing enhanced fibninolytic activity were not observed 8 days after treatment, but they were observed following one passage (2 weeks after treat ment). Morphologically transformed colonies, which ex hibited no enhanced fibninolytic activity, were observed 8 days following treatment. In contrast to these two early changes, cells capable of growth in soft agamwere observed much later (6 to 8 weeks after treatment). Untreated Syrian hamster embryo cells generally senesced and did not ex hibit enhanced fibninolytic activity. Approximately 1 of 10 untreated cultures escaped senescence and evolved as a continuous cell line; such cultures frequently exhibited en hanced fibninolytic activity. These results suggest that the acquisition of enhanced fibninolytic activity, while perhaps not a cause of neoplastic transformation, may reflect a loss of control of the normal function of the cellular genetic apparatus during the process of transformation. Syrian hamster embryo cells were plated at low density. Follow ing attachmentof the cells, cultures weretreatedwith 1or 10 @gof B(a)Pper ml or solventcontrol for 24 hr. Subsequentto removalof the carcinogen, cultures were incubatedfor 7daysat 37Â°. Colonies formed after this time wereexaminedfor morphological alterations and fibrinolytic activity. %
Performance and Process Analysis of Duckweed-Covered Sewage Lagoons for High Strength Sewage

Duckweed (L g/fofoaj-covered sewage lagoons (DSLs) are low cost treatment systems, especially In warm climates (or seasons). This study attempts to assess DSL system as a new technology, contributing to the understanding of the different mechanisms in the system. DSLs could either replace complete waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), or be the second stage in an integrated WSP-DSL treatment system, which could then be used for purifying municipal wastewater, achieving suitable effluent for reuse in agriculture. The duckweed harvested from DSL system can be used as a valuable commodity with economic value. TN and TP mass balances showed that duckweed uptake and sedimentation played a significant role in the removal of N (and P) but did not account for all the N (and P) removal from the system. This confirms the likelihood of biochemical (denitrification and microbial assimilation) and physico-chemical (volatilization of NH3) processes taking place in the N removal, and algal and microbial assimilation. Overall the process performs reasonably to very well with respect to BOD and nutrient removal. Design and operational criteria are offered, based on exhaustive lab and field pilot plant results.
Molecular epidemiology of Akabane virus in Taiwan

Abstract Background Akabane virus (AKAV) is a teratogenic and neuropathogenic arbovirus that infects livestock and wild animals. AKAVs are endemic arboviruses from dairy farms in Taiwan in 1989, and the first sequence was detected in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in 1992. Objectives This study aims to understand the epidemiological relationships of the akabane viruses between Taiwan and nearby places. Methods In this study, 17 specimens were identified or isolated from vector insects, and ruminant fetuses collected from 1992 to 2015 were sequenced and analysed. Results Sequence analyses revealed all Taiwanese AKAVs belonged to genogroup Ia but diverged into two clusters in the phylogenetic trees, implying that at least two invasive events of AKAV may have occurred in Taiwan. Conclusions The two clusters of AKAVs could still be identified in Taiwan in 2015, and a reassortment event was observed, indicating that the two clusters of AKAVs are already endemic in Taiwan.
Copper fabric improves the metabolic profile of obese mice: Potential role of the gut microbiota

Copper and copper alloys have antimicrobial activity through the rapid contact killing of viruses, bacteria and yeasts on their surface. Dysregulation of host microbiota can contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Anecdotal evidence noted improved overall well‐being in individuals sleeping on copper‐containing fabric bedding. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of copper‐infused fabric bedding on cardiometabolic health is linked to changes in gut microbiota composition. This study utilized a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity to assess the beneficial effects of copper‐infused fabric bedding on metabolic health. Body composition, inflammatory markers, metabolic and cardiovascular status and changes in the faecal microbiota composition were evaluated for up to 2 months in mice fed with a normal chow diet or high fat high cholesterol diet in the presence of bedding made with and without copper‐infused fabric. Results showed that mice subjected to diet‐induced obesity and housed in cages with copper‐infused fabric liner displayed less body weight gain than mice in cages with control fabric. Mice housed with copper‐infused fabric also displayed improved glucose tolerance and reduced inflammation biomarker lipocalin‐2. We also observed a beneficial shift in gut bacterial composition of obese mice housed with copper fabric bedding. Taken in conjunction, our study provides direct animal‐based evidence supporting the beneficial effects of copper fabric on metabolic health.
Semi-Deep Skirted Foundations and Numerical Solution to Evaluate Bearing Capacity

Semi-deep foundations are a remarkable solution in conditions where the soil beneath the foundation is loose to a great depth and there is no possible way to use any way of soil improvement and applying piles would not be a logical way considering their cost and time of enforcing. Skirted foundations are a type of semi-deep foundations that can penetrate to the soil up to two times of their breadth. Estimating bearing capacity of these foundations is a long geotechnical problem for engineers whether under absolute or combined loading because of their usage in offshore and onshore projects. For estimating the vertical bearing capacity of these foundations, series of finite element analyses were performed for a range of embedment ratios to investigate the effect of the length of the skirt. The foundation has been modelled with two different types of soil and the results validated with previous analytical, numerical and experimental researches. In addition, the bearing capacity of a skirted foundation under combined loading in V-H space has been analyzed by this approach and the 2-dimentional failure envelope has been presented.
HDACi promotes inflammatory remodeling of the tumor microenvironment to enhance epitope spreading and antitumor immunity

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-specific memory T cells has shown increasing efficacy in regressing solid tumors. However, tumor antigen heterogeneity represents a longitudinal challenge for durable clinical responses due to the therapeutic selective pressure for immune escape variants. Here, we demonstrated that delivery of the class I histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 promoted sustained tumor regression by synergizing with ACT in a coordinated manner to enhance cellular apoptosis. We found that MS-275 altered the tumor inflammatory landscape to support antitumor immunoactivation through the recruitment and maturation of cross-presenting CD103+ and CD8+ DCs and depletion of Tregs. Activated endogenous CD8+ T cell responses against nontarget tumor antigens were critically required for the prevention of tumor recurrence. Importantly, MS-275 altered the immunodominance hierarchy by directing epitope spreading toward the endogenous retroviral tumor–associated antigen p15E. Our data suggest that MS-275 in combination with ACT multimechanistically enhanced epitope spreading and promoted long-term clearance of solid tumors.
Differential effects of Wnt-β-catenin signaling in Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1

Significance The mechanisms underlying the degeneration of specific cellular populations in various neurodegenerative disorders remain unknown. Here, we show that the polyQ expansion of ataxin-1 activates the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in various cell types, including Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia, in the cerebellum of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) mouse models. We used conditional mouse genetics to activate and silence this pathway in different cell types and found elevated activity of this signaling pathway impacted Bergmann glia and Purkinje cell populations differently. This study highlights the important role of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in glial cell types for SCA1 pathogenesis.
Towards a Better Understanding of Farm Fatalities: Identification and Estimation of Farming Fatality Rates

ABSTRACT Objective Occupational fatality rates are useful in communicating key safety challenges associated with different industries or affecting different populations within those industries. Though seemingly intuitive, the calculation and use of fatality rates associated with farming needs to be carefully considered. This paper highlights difficulties and variability in Farm Fatality Rate (FFR) measures, proposes a series of rates appropriate for assessments of farm safety, and demonstrates their usage through an analysis of farm workplace deaths in Ireland between 2008 and 2016. Methods Six FFRs are calculated including: the Farm Household Rate (FHR); Farm Operator Rate (FOR); Family Worker Rate (FWR), Worker Rate (WR), Seasonal Fatality Rate (SFR) and, Enterprise Fatality Rate (EFR). To assess trends over time we calculate the rate using appropriate numerators and denominators in three sub-periods. Results FFRs vary considerably depending on which numerator and denominator are deployed. Over the period, the FHR, FOR, and FWR increased due to growth in the number of fatalities and a slight decrease in the denominator populations. The WR has declined substantially over the full period. The QFR increased substantially for Q2–Q4 whilst the EFR highlights workers on dairy or beef enterprises being particularly at risk. Conclusion The characteristics of farm workforces present many challenges to the calculation of occupational fatality rates. We propose six alternatives that provide insights into the risks faced by farm households, farm operators, farm workers, seasonally and by type of farm enterprise. We recommend that, regardless of the rate used, the limitations associated with all fatality rates are clearly explained, particularly when engaging with media and occupational health and safety stakeholders.