Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF Heterotrigona itama IN MALAYSIA BASED ON COI DNA SEQUENCES

In Malaysia, stingless bee Heterotrigona itama is one of the bee species that is actively reared and mostly utilized in meliponiculture practice. In this preliminary study, we described the phylogenetic relationship scenario among selected localities of H. itama in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Genomic DNA from 16 samples of five localities in Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka and Johor) and Borneo (Sarawak) was successfully extracted and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The 489 bp mitochondrial DNA of COI sequences was generated for phylogenetic tree reconstruction and population genetic analysis. Tree topology indicated two monophyletic clades which belong to Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak specimens with high bootstrap support. Five population genetic parameters were studied including nucleotide diversity (π), net nucleotide divergence (Da), nucleotide subdivision (Nst), population subdivision ( F ST ) and gene flow ( N m ). The Sarawak samples had the highest scores for all five parameters indicating its genetic affinity to the population in Peninsular Malaysia. Haplotype analysis showed that Kedah-Kelantan samples shared the same haplotype while Sarawak samples had its own unique haplotype with no sharing of haplotypes between other localities. Minimum-Spanning Network generated a visual representation of the relationship reflect a clear separation between Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia stingless bees samples. This preliminary study shows the importance of understanding the systematic data towards conservation efforts of Malaysian stingless bee’s diversity.
FACTS BASED SFC SCHEME FOR PV- WIND SMART GRID

A FACTS based switched filter compensator (SFC) is a type of robust hybrid filter will be used to provide filtering in addition to reactive power compensation. It will ensure the power quality, improve the power factor, limit the inrush currents and reduce the tranmission losses in smart grid application. The PV-SFC scheme consists of PV generation feeding a local hybrid load (linear, nonlinear and induction motor) with (SFC) scheme. The system is analyzed under the normal operating condition, short circuit and open circuit fault conditions. SFC filter comprises two series capacitors and one shunt capacitor with complementary SPWM switched IGBT/GTO. It is controlled by fast-acting modified error driven dual regulation dynamic control scheme using a weighted modified (WMPID) controller. Additionally, it has error squared plus rate adjusting extra supplementary control loops. The system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The digital simulation results validated voltage stabilization, power factor improvement and power quality enhancement. PV power and wind power are complementary since sunny days are usually calm and strong winds are often occurred at cloudy days or at night time. In order to extract more power from renewable energy sources and to improve reliability of the system, wind power is integrated with PV to deliver continuous power than either individual source. Hence PV-WIND-SFC scheme is designed and simulation results are presented.
Effective Components on Cash-based Intervention to Affected People by Natural Disasters Using Information and Communication Technology in Iran

Rescue and relief organizations start their operations from the first moments after the occurrence of a disaster. Moreover, they set up emergency accommodation camps after the emergency period to deliver aid and health packages with standard content based on the general needs of the affected people. However, if a family has infants, children, elderly, or sick members, these packages will not be able to meet their needs. Cash donations instead of goods respect the human dignity of the affected people after the emergency period and result in the recovery of the families and the economy of the region. Usage of information technology for this purpose leads to speed, accuracy, and transparency in the implementation of the above-mentioned method. Given the differences between the situation in Iran and the international community, the present study aimed to find localized components that affect the provision of cash-based interventions to the affected people by natural disasters using information and communications technology. METHODS: This mixed method research was performed in two stages; meta-synthesis was used in the first stage and Fuzzy Delphi was used in the second stage to extract the domestic components of the cash-based interventions. The statistical population in the meta-synthesis stage was the local and international journals as well as the performance reports of international aid agencies published during 2004-2019. Finally, through sample selection and systematic selection based on the defined keywords, 71 out of 388 studies were selected for the purposes of the research. In the second stage, the statistical population consisted of executive directors of local aid agencies and crisis management instructors at universities and international workshops. Eventually, 14 experts were selected judgmentally who participated in three Delphi rounds. FINDINGS: In the first stage, 18 components in four categories were determined using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso. In the first round of Delphi, one component was omitted and six other components were added according to the opinions of the experts. However, in the second and third rounds, all the components were approved by them without any further changes. According to the obtained Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient which was about 0.703, the local components were agreed upon by the selected experts. CONCLUSION: The determined local components that affect the process of transferring cash-based interventions to the affected people by natural disasters using information and communications technology consisted of 23 components that were screened and confirmed by the experts. These components can be used as a basis for the development of a process model for the systematic electronic transfer of money to the affected people by natural disasters in Iran after the emergency response period.
Trouncing in Dota 2: An Investigation of Blowout Matches

compete against each other, such as Dota 2, play a major role in esports tournaments, attracting millions of spectators. Some matches (so-called blowout matches) end extremely quickly or have a very large difference in scores. Understanding which factors lead to a victory in a blowout match is useful knowledge for players who wish to improve their chances of winning and for improving the accuracy of recommendation systems for heroes. In this paper, we perform a comparative study between blowout and regular matches. We study 55,287 past professional Dota 2 matches to (1) investigate how accurately we can predict victory using only pre-match features and (2) explain the factors that are correlated with the victory. We investigate three machine learning algorithms and find that Gradient Boosting Machines (XGBoost) perform best with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of up to 0.86. Our results show that the experience of the player with the picked hero has a different importance for blowout and regular matches. Also, hero attributes are more important for blowouts with a large score difference. Based on our results, we suggest that players (1) pick heroes with which they achieved a high performance in previous matches to increase their chances of winning and (2) focus on heroes’ attributes such as intelligence to win with a large score difference.
In vitro plant regeneration of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. from shoot tip and leaf segment

An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro mass propagation of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. using shoot tip and leaf segment explants from field grown plant. Different concentrations and combinations of BAP, Kn, zeatin and NAA were used for multiple shoot regeneration. Among two types of explants, leaf segment produced the highest number of shoots per explant (12 ± 0.4) when they were cultured on MS supplemented with 3.0 mg/l Kn and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Addition of 10% CW to above mentioned medium increased the number of shoots (18) per culture. Shoot tip explants also produced multiple shoots in the same medium, but their performance was not good as leaf segment explants. For shoot elongation, 100 mg/l urea was more effective when added with best shoot induction medium. Shoots rooted well in halfstrength MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l NAA, within 12 - 15 days. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in poly bag containing a mixture of soil and compost in 2:1 ratio. About 90% plantlets survived under open field conditions.
Tradeoffs between productivity and nitrogen conservation in wild and domesticated plants of the perennial crop Physaria (Brassicaceae)

Domestication of desert‐adapted perennials has been proposed as an alternative to increase cropping intensity in low input environments. However, selection for high yield in perennial crops provokes indirect changes in plant resource use. These changes might alter how nitrogen is acquired, allocated, used and stored, thus affecting plant longevity and yield stability. Using the perennial forb Physaria as a model, we compared the pattern of N allocation, use and conservation of high‐yield accessions (Y), and stable yield accessions (S), with their wild counterpart (W). We found a negative relationship between seed yield and N conservation capacity and their associated traits. The shift of strategy provoked by high yield selection implies changes in N allocation and a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and conservation capacity at plant‐ and leaf‐level. S accessions also increase allocation to seeds, although they kept the N use and conservation traits of their wild counterparts, remaining in an intermediate position between the Y and W accessions profiles. The shift of strategy provoked by high yield selection implies a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and conservation capacity that may be behind the loss of longevity and yield on subsequent years. Wild and stable accessions were more conservative and show traits that promote nitrogen conservation. These are key traits that should not be lost during the selection process if breeders want to achieve the adequate ideotype of perennial crop for arid systems.
First in Man Topical Treatment of Melanoma with Solasodine Glycosides in a Formulation Curaderm: A Case Report

Background: There is ample evidence to support the safety and efficacy of the topical anticancer cream Curaderm in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers. Curaderm contains the natural glycoalkaloid solamargine in the form of BEC, which has been established as a novel antineoplastic agent. BEC is the initials of the inventor of the described technology. It is known that BEC expresses anti-melanoma properties in cell culture and animals. Because of potential metastasis, clinical work with BEC on melanoma was stalled. However, recent studies show that BEC has anti-metastatic properties and this, together with currently better understanding of the mode of anti-cancer actions of BEC, has led to the treatment of a patient who refused to have surgery for her clinically diagnosed stage II melanoma. Treatment: A 67-year woman had a birthmark that developed into a clinically diagnosed stage II melanoma and was treated with topical application of Curaderm twice daily for 7 weeks. Results: The pattern of response of the melanoma to Curaderm therapy was similar to that observed when basal cell carcinoma is treated with Curaderm. The melanoma responded rapidly to the treatment and in 7 weeks the lesion was removed with no demonstrable side effects. The cosmetic end result was very acceptable. Conclusion: The clinical resolution of the melanoma with Curaderm pharmacotherapy conforms to the cell culture and animal observations that solasodine rhamnosides, and thus Curaderm, is very specific and efficacious for the first in man treatment of melanoma, creating the possibility of a simple treatment for melanoma. Further investigations with controlled clinical trials are warranted.
Comparative Cytogenetics Allows the Reconstruction of Human Chromosome History: The Case of Human Chromosome 13

Comparative cytogenetics permits the identification of human chromosomal homologies and rearrangements between species, allowing the reconstruction of the history of each human chromosome. The aim of this work is to review evolutionary aspects regarding human chromosome 13. Classic and molecular cytogenetics using comparative banding, chromosome painting, and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mapping can help us formulate hypotheses about chromosome ancestral forms; more recently, sequence data have been integrated as well. Although it has been previously shown to be conserved when compared to the ancestral primate chromosome, it shows a degree of rearrange ments in some primate taxa; furthermore, it has been hypothesised to have a complex origin in eutherian mammals which has still not been completely clarified.
Unlocking the Full Evolutionary Potential of Artificial Metalloenzymes Through Direct Metal-Protein Coordination : A review of recent advances for catalyst development

Generation of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) has gained much inspiration from the general understanding of natural metalloenzymes. Over the last decade, a multitude of methods generating transition metal-protein hybrids have been developed and many of these new-tonature constructs catalyse reactions previously reserved for the realm of synthetic chemistry. This perspective will focus on ArMs incorporating 4d and 5d transition metals. It aims to summarise the significant advances made to date and asks whether there are chemical strategies, used in nature to optimise metal catalysts, that have yet to be fully recognised in the synthetic enzyme world, particularly whether artificial enzymes produced to date fully take advantage of the structural and energetic context provided by the protein. Further, the argument is put forward that, based on precedence, in the majority of naturally evolved metalloenzymes the direct coordination bonding between the metal and the protein scaffold is integral to catalysis. Therefore, the protein can attenuate metal activity by positioning ligand atoms in the form of amino acids, as well as making non-covalent contributions to catalysis, through intermolecular interactions that pre-organise substrates and stabilise transition states. This highlights the often neglected but crucial element of natural systems that is the energetic contribution towards activating metal centres through protein fold energy. Finally, general principles needed for a different approach to the formation of ArMs are set out, utilising direct coordination inspired by the activation of an organometallic cofactor upon protein binding. This methodology, observed in nature, delivers true interdependence between metal and protein. When combined with the ability to efficiently evolve enzymes, new problems in catalysis could be addressed in a faster and more specific manner than with simpler small molecule catalysts.
Digital Change Detection and Map Analysis for Urban Expansion and Land Cover Changes in Karbala City

Urban growth driven by uncontrolled expansion is one of the greatest problems that reduces the fertile lands in Karbala Governorate, Iraq. This phenomenon is the cause for variety of urban environmental problems such as an increase in local temperature, cost of land, and loss of agricultural produce. Multiple images of different time periods were used, passing them through a series of image processing steps according to the methodology of work to achieve the aims of the paper by calculating land cover changes for Karbala City from 1992 to 2013. The aim of this research is to take the temporal and subtle changes in urbanization and land cover primarily to take into account a superior perception of the connection and activities between urban growth and urban environmental problems. To take action and greater control of land surface features, the data from Landsat 4 (MSS) 1992, Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper (ETM) 2003, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) 2013 were used to deliver the research's aim.
Conspicuousness of passerine females is associated with the nest-building behaviour of males

The study was financed by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad MINECO (CGL2013-48193-C3-1-P, CGL2013-48193-C3-2-P, CGL2013-48193-C3-3-P and CGL2017-83103-P) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)
Impact of Myocardial Contouring Method on the Cardiac MRI Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertrophied Hearts.

Impact of Myocardial Contouring Method on the Cardiac MRI Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertrophied Hearts From William E. Moody, BMedSc (Hons), MRCP, PhD, Ravi Vijapurapu, MBChB, and Richard P. Steeds, MD Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, England e-mail: william.moody@nhs.net
Application of Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation to Improve Physics learning Outcomes in Vocational Schools

This study proposes to analyze the differences in learning outcomes of pupils, who learn cooperative learning models of group investigation and conventional learning. The research sample consisted of class Xa (30 people) who learned the cooperative learning model of the group investigation model and class Xb (30 people) taught using conventional learning models with the topic of learning is basic electronic (capacitors). The sampling technique uses random sampling with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection techniques consisted of written tests, observation sheets and documentation. Meanwhile, research instrument used achievement test (objective criteria) in the form of multiple-choice questions that comprise as many as 25 of the given level (C1), understanding (C2) applying (C3) and analyzed. Students' test results were analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential statistical data analysis. The analysis results obtained that there is a difference of learning outcomes between the experimental class and a control class with an average of 80.8 to 69.6 for the control class and experimental class. From the analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control classes based on the N-gain value. So it can be concluded that the group investigation learning model does not have a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adults with ADHD during COVID-19: An Open Trial

This exploratory study reports the outcomes of a remotely delivered manualised form of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the COVID-19 imposed “lockdown”. Adults completing this intervention (N = 12) reported statistically and clinically significant improvements on outcomes relating to self-reported mood F(1.356, 14.917) = 21.64, p η2 = 0.66), anxiety F(2, 22) = 22.93, p η2 = 0.68), psychosocial adjustment (χ2(4) = 26.51, p < 0.001) and treatment acceptability was good. Preliminary findings suggest this cost effective and remotely delivered psychotherapeutic approach might be one appropriate method for supporting the well-being and adjustment of adults with ADHD during future COVID-19 or other pandemic related lockdowns. Further research is urgently required to establish efficacy using larger sample sizes and the implementation of wait list and treatment comparison groups. Future research might also explore the use of this manualised approach in other clinical subgroups and the general population.
The effect of the dispersion of rewarding and rewardless flowers on visitation and constancy by bumblebees (Bombus impatiens)

Deceptive pollination strategies, in which plants rely on animal pollinators but provide no benefits to their pollinators, have evolved many times in angiosperms. However, the conditions that favour deceptive pollination strategies over mutualistic strategies are poorly understood. One factor that may be important for the success of deceptive strategies is the plants’ dispersion in relation to co-flowering, rewarding species. We compared pollinator behaviour across two artificial environments, one in which a rewardless species was mixed with a rewarding species and one in which the two species occurred in contiguous patches. Bumblebees both encountered and visited rewardless flowers more often when they were mixed with rewarding species. However, the rate of switching was also higher under those conditions, which could result in higher rates of interspecific pollen transfer. The environmental conditions most favourable to deceptive pollination strategies may vary depending on the vulnerability of the plant species to interspecific pollen transfer.
Breakdown of scavina resistance in Bahia caused by the evolution of Moniliophthora perniciosa

Resistant clones to witches' broom disease of cacao (WBD), caused by the basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa (Mp) is the most practical and cost efficient strategy for WBD management, but their use is currently restricted to very limited clones, mostly, Scavina's descendants. Scavina resistance has proved inadequate or unstable, as, for example, in Rondonia in the Amazon basin, in Ecuador during the 1980s, and in Bahia in 2002. In this paper, we present evidences, through several independent studies, that the Scavinas' resistance have been overcome because of changes in the pathogen population. Using molecular markers in studies of 40 isolates of the fungus, collected from brooms from five resistant and two susceptible cocoa genotypes, a clear genetic differentiation was observed between fungal isolates from primarily resistant clones and from susceptible ones. Further, a study carried out to characterize temporal genetic variability of Mp populations in Bahia, Brazil, over four consecutive years (2001 to 2004), in several locations, have shown that there was a shift in the genetic composition of the Mp populations. Pathogenic variability through cross inoculation experiments using -isolates derived from Scavinas (Scavina 6 and descendants), non scavina, and from SIC, a susceptible clone, showed that Scavina isolates caused more disease on the Scavinas genotypes, whereas the isolate derived from SIC was less pathogenic on the Scavinas and more pathogenic on its respective host. These results allowed us to conclude that the increase in susceptibility in Scavina descendants was the result of the buildup of resistance-breaking pathogen's strains capable of overcoming the resistance of Scavina. Also, temporal observations of natural infections between 2003 and 2010 in a F2 Scavina 6 x ICS1 showed that the major QTL identified in the LG9 had its effect decreased year by year; moving from a LOD of 9 in 2003 to a non significant LOD in 2010. The same results were found under artificial inoculations with specific strains of Mp and using a new F2 population created in 2007. The present study provides the first evidences that Scavinas WB resistance breakdown is due to the adaptation of the Mp field populations. These studies, besides proving the change in the Mp population in Bahia, they are also a warning call that the efficiency of resistant cultivars in WBD management is limited by Mp variability and an incentive to design breeding programs for durable resistance. Different sources of resistance have been identified and are being used in the cacao breeding program to associate distinct genes of resistance. (Resume d'auteur)