Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential and DFT study of Araucaria columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. Branch extracts

Abstract In the present study, phytochemical investigation, antioxidant potential and quantum study on the dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol extracts of Araucaria columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. branches have been carried out. The ethanol extract has higher total bioactive contents as compare with DCM extract such as total polyphenolic contents, total flavonoids contents and total tannin contents. The phytochemical quantification and volatile composition of most bioactive extract (ethanol) has been carried out by RP-HPLC-DAD (9-compounds) and GC-MS (19-compounds). The antioxidant potential was demonstrated using free radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating and reducing power assays. The ethanol extract has higher antioxidant potential. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been carried out on major phytochemicals of ethanol extract. The current findings revealed an excellent concentration of bioactive compounds in A. columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. branch, which reaffirms the great significance of the current work and benefaction to natural products chemistry. Graphical Abstract
A I ] 1 6 M ay 2 01 7 Functions that Emerge throughEnd-to-EndReinforcement Learning — The Direction for Artificial General Intelligence —

Recently, triggered by the impressive results in TV-games or game of Go by Google DeepMind, end-to-end reinforcement learning (RL) is collecting attentions. Although little is known, the author’s group has propounded this framework for around 20 years and already has shown a variety of functions that emerge in a neural network (NN) through RL. In this paper, they are introduced again at this timing. “Function Modularization” approach is deeply penetrated subconsciously. The inputs and outputs for a learning system can be raw sensor signals and motor commands. “State space” or “action space” generally used in RL show the existence of functional modules. That has limited reinforcement learning to learning only for the action-planning module. In order to extend reinforcement learning to learning of the entire function on a huge degree of freedom of a massively parallel learning system and to explain or develop human-like intelligence, the author has believed that end-to-end RL from sensors to motors using a recurrent NN (RNN) becomes an essential key. Especially in the higher functions, since their inputs or outputs are difficult to decide, this approach is very effective by being free from the need to decide them. The functions that emerge, we have confirmed, through RL using a NN cover a broad range from real robot learning with raw camera pixel inputs to acquisition of dynamic functions in a RNN. Those are (1)image recognition, (2)color constancy (optical illusion), (3)sensor motion (active recognition), (4)hand-eye coordination and hand reaching movement, (5)explanation of brain activities, (6)communication, (7)knowledge transfer, (8)memory, (9)selective attention, (10)prediction, (11)exploration. The end-to-end RL enables the emergence of very flexible comprehensive functions that consider many things in parallel although it is difficult to give the boundary of each function clearly.
Synovial-Fluid miRNA Signature for Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism in childhood; microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers. Although joints are the primary targets for JIA, a synovial fluid-based miRNA signature has never been studied. We aim to identify miRNA biomarkers in JIA by comparing synovial fluid and serum samples from children with JIA and K. kingae septic arthritis (SA). With next-generation high-throughput sequencing, we measured the absolute levels of 2083 miRNAs in synovial fluid and serum from an exploratory cohort of children and validated differentially expressed miRNAs in a replication study by using RT-qPCR. We identified a 19-miRNA signature only in synovial fluid samples that was significantly deregulated, with at least 2-fold change in expression, in JIA versus SA (p < 0.01). The combination of miR-6764-5p, miR-155, and miR-146a-5p expression in synovial fluid yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 1 (95% CI 0.978 to 1), thereby perfectly differentiating JIA from SA in children. We propose, for the first time, a synovial fluid-specific miRNA signature for JIA and associated signaling pathways that may indicate potential biomarkers to assist in the classification and differential diagnosis of JIA and help in understanding JIA pathogenesis.
General Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Cerium Redox Reactions in High-Efficiency Redox Flow Batteries

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties that predestine them for numerous potential applications. The conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route for the production of CNTs, however, suffers from costly and complex issues. Herein, we demonstrate a general and high-yield strategy to grow nitrogen-doped CNTs (NCNTs) on three-dimensional (3D) graphite felt (GF) substrates, through a direct thermal pyrolysis process simply using a common tube furnace, instead of the costly and complex CVD method. Specifically, the NCNTs-decorated GF (NCNT-GF) electrode possesses enhanced electrocatalytic performance towards cerium redox reactions, mainly due to the catalytic effect of N atoms doped into NCNTs, and ingenious and hierarchical 3D architecture of the NCNT-GF. As a result, the cell with the NCNT-GF serving as a positive electrode shows the improved energy efficiency with increases of about 53.4% and 43.8% over the pristine GF and the acidly treated GF at a high charge/discharge rate of 30 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, the as-prepared NCNT catalyst-enhanced electrode is found to be highly robust and should enable a long-term cycle without detectable efficiency loss after 500 cycles. The viable synthetic strategy reported in this study will contribute to the further development of more active heteroatom-doped CNTs for redox flow batteries.
Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r= 0.76 and r= 0.69, while that for repeatability was r= 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TASTE MASKED SUSPENSION OF AZITHROMYCIN DIHYDRATE

The article describes strategy for masking the intensely bitter taste of Azithromycin Dihydrate (AZT) by using complexation with Kyron T-134. The resinates prepared with drug-Kyron T-134 ratio (1:3) at pH 8, gave maximum drug loading. Suspension containing, resinate showed more than 90% Invitro drug release within 45min. Prepared formulation showed good stability and retention of palatable taste. Thus, the “patient-friendly dosage form” of bitter drugs, especially for pediatric, geriatric, bedridden, and non cooperative patients, can be successfully formulated using this technology.
Author's Response

The postpartum period has been conceptualized by a variety of cultures as a time in which women are vulnerable to stress. Although childbirth is a universal biological event, it occurs within sociocultural contexts, which are differentially patterned and organized. Eastern sociocultural systems differ in many ways from Western systems, and these differences influence many aspects of the postpartum period. The ritual of Tso-Yueh-Tzu is clearly a tightly integrated holistic set of practices and is firmly embedded in Chinese culture. It has provided Chinese women with a set of health behaviors. Three general principles for women to follow during the ritual of Tso-Yueh-Tzu involve (a) avoiding things that will cause disease and specific somatic ailments in the future, (b) consuming hot foods and avoiding cold foods, and (c) not offending the gods or contaminating others with polluted fetal blood (Pillsbury, 1978, 1982). These are related to preventing future illness, curing the pregnancy-induced imbalance, and preventing future misfortune to themselves and those with whom they interact. The prescriptions and proscriptions that a woman is supposed to follow during the month are regarded as essential for preventive measures and restoring one’s health. Adapting this ritual to the changes in contemporary social structure in Taiwan is a challenge that is currently being met on a number of different levels. Women today have the option of staying in a Tso-Yueh-Tzu nursing center, affiliated with a local hospital, where the ritual of Tso-Yueh-Tzu can be carried out. A relaxing environment, nutritious meals, and frequently, Chinese herbal medicines are part of the care during the woman’s stay. The baby is generally kept in a nursery, and the mother rests in her own room. The Tso-Yueh-Tzu nursing center has become a thriving business in Taiwan, even though the financial cost is very high and health insurance plans do not provide coverage for this care. The charge is approximately NT$2,400 to NT$3,200 or US$75.00 to US$100.00 a day, which is equivalent to 2.5 days of an average Taiwanese worker’s salary. In Pillsbury’s study (1978, 1982), the firmly rooted traditional Chinese ritual of Tso-Yueh-Tzu was recognized as having a direct bearing on mental well-being and familial relationships. “Not only is doing the month efficacious in many ways with regard to the women’s health status, but it is instru-
Determination of Ventilatory Threshold in Adolescents with Mental Retardation, With and Without Down Syndrome

This study evaluated detection of ventilatory threshold (VT) in adolescents with mental retardation (MR) (17 with MR, 13 with MR and Down Syndrome (DS), mean age 17.5 years). Subjects performed an individualized treadmill VO2peak test. Two evaluators reviewed the same VT plots 6 weeks apart, using 5 different methods. VE vs. time elicited the most detectable cases (83%), but significantly fewer youth with DS exhibited a detectable VT using any combination of methods (62% vs. 100%). Only VE vs. time yielded acceptable detection rate, although this may have been influenced by the protocol used. Intra-evaluator correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91-0.97, and interevaluator reliability coefficients ranged from 0.81-0.93. These findings suggest determination of VT is difficult in this population when using an individualized treadmill protocol, especially in adolescents with DS.
The cytotoxic and genetoxic effects of dust and soil samples from E-waste recycling area on L02 cells

Electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) has now become the fastest growing solid waste around the world. Primitive recycling operations for E-waste have resulted in severe contamination of toxic metals and organic chemicals in the related areas. In this study, six dust and soil samples collected from E-waste recycling workshops and open-burning sites in Longtang were analyzed to investigate their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on L02 cells. These six samples were: dust No. 1 collected at the gate of the workshop; dust No. 2 collected from air conditioning compressor dismantling site; dust No. 3 collected from where some motors, wires, and aluminium products since the 1980s were dismantled; soil No. 1 collected at the circuit board acid washing site; soil No. 2 collected from a wire open-burning site; soil No. 3 collected near a fiber open-burning site. At the same time, two control soil samples were collected from farmlands approximately 8 km away from the dismantling workshops. The results showed that all of these samples could inhibit cell proliferation and cause cell membrane lesion, among which dust No. 3 and soil No. 2 had the strongest toxicity. Moreover, the comet assay showed that the dust No. 3 had the most significant capability to cause DNA single-strand beaks (SSB), while the road dust (dust No. 1) collected at the gate of the workshop, a relatively farer site, showed the slightest capability to induce DNA SSB. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection showed that ROS level was elevated with the increase of dust and soil samples concentration. Dust No. 3 and soil No. 2 had the highest ROS level, followed by dust No. 2 and 1, soil No. 3 and 1. All of the above results indicated that polluted soil and dust from the E-waste area had cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on L02 cells, the mechanism might involve the increased ROS level and consequent DNA SSB.
Antifibrinolytic Therapy with Tranexamic Acid in Cardiac Operations

To demonstrate its antifibrinolytic effects and establish an effective regimen of tranexamic acid for hemostasis. the authors measured cx2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes. thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and postoperative blood loss in three groups undergoing different regimens during cardiac operations. Forty-six patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement were enrolled in this study, They were divided into three groups of drug administration. A bolus infusion of SO mglkg tranexamic acid was given to 17 patients at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (control group) and to 14 patients at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (group A). In addition to the same bOlus infusion at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass as group A. a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg per h. starting at the time of skin incision and maintained for 6 h after cardiopulmonary bypass was given to 15 patients (group 8). The markecllncrease in cx2-plasmin Inhibitor-plasmin complexes at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass in the control group was significantly reduced in group A (P < 0.01) and a further reduction was observed in group 8 (P < 0.001). The difference in postoperative blood loss only reached significant levels between the control group and group B (P < 0.05). Although a significant increase in thrombin-antithrombin III complexes during cardiopulmonary bypass was similarly observed in all groups. no thromboembolic events occurred in any group. nor was any difference seen in graft patency. From the tranexamic acid therapy regimens tested in this study. a continuous infusion of 10 mglkg per h starting at the time of skin incision to 6 h after cardiopulmonary bypass. with a bOlus infusion of 50 mglkg at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass. proved to be the most effective. © 1999 The International Society for CardiovascularSurgery. Published by Elsevier ScienceLtd.
Assessing the reliability and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire and identify major dietary patterns in overweight and obese adults in Tabriz, Iran

Background and purpose:�This study was aimed to assess the reliability and reproducibility of a designed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and to determine the major dietary pattern of overweight and obese adults in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and methods:�The study included two studies: (1) a pilot study (n = 30) assessment of reliability and reproducibility of FFQ, (2) a cross-sectional study (n = 422) aiming to determine the major dietary pattern of overweight and obese adults. A 189-food item FFQ was completed twice with one-month interval for each subjects. Food consumption over one year for 422 adults aged 20-60 years in Tabriz was collected after assessment of reliability and reproducibility of FFQ. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was estimated. Factor analysis was used to determine major dietary pattern. Results: Correlation coefficient of the two completed FFQ was varied from 0.60 (for garlic) to 0.97 (for potatoes). Three major dietary patterns were found using factor analysis: "healthy", "western" and "traditional" dietary pattern. Correlation coefficient for the three "Healthy", "Western" and "Traditional" dietary patterns, were 0.90, 0.83 and 0.92, respectively. These dietary patterns included 23% of the total variances. Conclusion: The reliability and reproducibility of the FFQ used in this study was good. There were three major dietary pattern using FFQ among overweight and obese adults in Tabriz.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Exclusion Arteriography in Extremity Trauma

The purpose of this study was to apply decision analysis to an established practice in vascular trauma diagnosis. While exclusion arteriography has resulted in an increase in positive surgical explorations. no formal analysis that determined either the cost-effectiveness of exclusion arteriography or the cost-effectiveness ratio has been reported in the literature. We created a decision model that compared exclusion arteriography and surgical exploration. the standard used prior to the development of extremity arteriography. The decision model used predominantly literature derived estimates for the prevalence of arterial injuries and the accuracy. complications. outcomes and costs of both arteriography and exploration. Exclusionarteriography is cost-effective. This finding is robust to changes in the major model variables. Compared to surgical exploration. exclusion arteriography is a superior strategy by dominance (more effective and costs less). Therefore. a cost-effectiveness ratio cannot be calculated. Under the base case assumption of 28% prevalence of arterial injury requiring operation. exclusion arteriography saves about $2000 and adds 0.3 quality adjusted life years (QALY) for each patient. Decision analysiscan be successfullyapplied to problems in vascular trauma diagnosis. © 2001 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Certolizumab pegol in the treatment of spondyloarthritis Certolizumab pegol w leczeniu spondyloartropatii

Summary Spondyloarthropaties (SpA) are a second common group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases after systemic connective tissue diseases. They are a frequent cause of disability. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the initiation and continuation of chronic inflammation in SpA patients. Therefore, in case of high disease activity, despite treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, treatment with biologics is very efficacious. Certolizumab pegol is a one of the TNF inhibitors, with proven efficacy in the treatment of active SpA. This article summarizes basic data on certolizumab pegol, and results of clinical trials applied for the drug registration for the use in the management of patients with active SpA.
Significance of Left Atrial Volume Index as a Predictor of Early Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and High Risk Unstable Angina

Left atrium (LA) volume reflects left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and was previously described as a predictor of survival after acute myocardial infarction. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of LA volume in predicting early adverse outcomes in patients with non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and high risk unstable angina (UA). Methods: Consecutive patients with NSTEMI and high risk UA were included and underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography within 48 hours of admission. LA volume was measured using the area length method. Primary adverse outcomes were defined as a composite of revascularization, reinfarction, congestive heart failure and mortality during admission and at 30 days. We tested the correlation between LA volume index (LAVI) and outcomes. Results: From August 2005 to January 2006, 83 patients (age 67 ± 11 years, 44 (53%) female) with NSTEMI and high risk UA were studied. Coronary risk factors were diabetes mellitus in 52 (63%), hypertension in 70 (84%), dyslipidemia in 55 (66%), smoking in 5 (6%) and family history of coronary artery disease in 2 (2%) patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 57 ± 13% (range 16-84). Primary outcomes occurred in 19 patients; 3 died 7 had reinfarction, 4 had heart failure during follow up and 8 required revascularization during admission. LAVI was 38.7 ± 11 ml/m2 (range 16-71). LAVI was not a predictor of adverse outcomes (CI - 0.42 to 11.65, p = 0.067).
CD40 Co-Stimulatory Molecule Expression by Dendritic Cells in Primary Atherosclerotic Lesions in Carotid Arteries and in Stenotic Saphenous Vein Coronary Artery Grafts

We have previously identlfted dendritic cells in the intima of human large arteries and stenotic vein coronary bypass grafts. The mechanisms by which these dendritic cells might regulate immune responses in atherosclerotic lesions and stenotic vein grafts are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dendritic cells in carotid plaques and in stenotic aortocoronary vein grafts express an immunoregulatory molecule CD40. segments of wall from eight carotid arteries and three stenotic aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts were obtained at operation. CD40+ cells were detected in all specimens of both occluded and stenotic grafts and carotid plaques. Although CD4Q+ cells of various cell types were intermingled in most areas within the plaques and stenotic grafts. there were sites where CD40+ cells were located in small groups. Consecutive sections demonstrated that a small population of CD40+ cells stained positively for 5100. These CD40+1S100+ cells were clustered within the intima but were also found in the media and adventitia. This suggests that dendritic cells. which accumulate within vessels affected by atherosclerosis and graft disease. express CD40 co-stimulatory molecule. The expression of CD40molecule on the dendritic cells may be important in regulating T cell responses within atherosclerotic plaques and stenotic vein grafts. © 2001 The International Society for CardiovascularSurgery. PUblished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
RESIDENTIAL YOGA AND DIET ON LIPID PROFILE IN POLICE OFFICERS

T his study was conducted with a view to observe the short term effect of residential yoga and diet program on lipid profile in police officers. The attributes of lipid profiles were measured a t the beginning , middle (end of first week) and end of yoga intervention (end of second week) using pre - post single group design. The study was of two weeks conducted at Kaivalyadhama, Lonavla. The first week was self controlled period, whereas the second week was the experimental period. The participants were police officers recruited by Government of Maharashtra , who attended the yoga program. The intervention consisted of asana, pranayama, meditation, kriya and yogic diet. The outcome measures were lipop rotein profile and were determined in fasting blood samples, taken on day first , middle (end of first week) and last day of the camp. The results revealed that Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and very low density lipoprotein were significantly lower at the end of the camp. No significant difference was observed in case of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cardiovascular risk ratio. The results suggest that short term yoga and diet modification program leads to improvement in lip oprotein profile.