Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Propane

CVD is currently the most popular and widelyused of these techniques, owing to its low cost, good yield,and simple scalability.Among many CVD growth conditions for CNTs, thecarbon precursor is likely to play a crucial role indetermining the structural properties of the ﬁnal material.Many gaseous precursors, such as methane, acetylene,carbon monoxide, and others, are widely used for high-quality CNT synthesis.
Simultaneous Densitometric Determination of First Line Anti-TB Drugs in Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Mixtures

This article presents the development of a new densitometric method for the simultaneous separation and determination of isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), rifampicin (RIF), and pyrazinamide (PZA). INH, RIF, and PZA were determined by UV detection at 270 nm, and then EMB was derivatized and detected at 250 nm. The studied drugs were determined in their pure forms, available pharmaceutical preparations, binary, ternary, and quaternary synthetic mixtures. The study was performed on precoated silica gel TLC plates using acetonitrile:chloroform:2-propanol:4 N ammonia as a mobile phase (34:31:34:1 v/v/v/v). The studied drugs have been satisfactorily resolved with Rf values 0.31 ± 0.01, 0.48 ± 0.03, 0.73 ± 0.02, and 0.09 ± 0.01 for INH, RIF, PZA, and EMB, respectively. The developed method has been validated according to ICH guidelines providing good correlation coefficients (0.9991–0.9998) with a detection limit of 18.14 to 94.34 ng/band for all studied drugs. The proposed method has the potential to determine INH, RIF, and PZA simultaneously (before spraying) and EMB after spraying of the plate with cobalt sulfate without any interference. The method is new, rapid, and inexpensive compared to the official and reported methods for the assay of the quaternary mixture of the studied drugs.
Mass singularities of generic Feynman amplitudes

© Gauthier-Villars, 1977, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de l’I. H. P., section A » implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam. org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of 1,3,4‐Substituted 2‐Azetidinones.

Amido/imido alcohol/2-phenyl-3-hydroxyethylquinazolin-4 (3H) -one 1 on treatment with benzoic acid in the presence of conc. H2SO4 yields m-(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxoquinazolinyl) benzoic acids 2. The acid chloride of 2 on reaction with hydrazine hydrate affords m-(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxoquinazolinyl) benzoic acid hydrazides 4 which on condensation with an aromatic aldehyde in acetic acid gives m(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxo-quinazolinyl) benzoic acid hydrazones 5. Compounds 5 undergo cyclization with phenoxy acetic acid in the presence of thionyl chloride in dry benzene to furnish 1-[m(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxo-quinazolinyl-benzamido)]-3-phenoxy-4-phenyl-2-azetidinones 6. The antiviral and antifungal activities of 6 have been reported. IPC: Int.Cl. 7 C 07 C 59/54 // A 61 P 31/12
A predictive model based on machine learning methods to recognize fake Persian news on twitter

False rumors and news are always published as purposeful approaches with social, economic, political intents in order to provide false information and deceive people in the communities. This leads to a lack of trust in news and information. Differentiating real news from rumor has been considered as one of the most important aspects of news evaluation and different approaches have been used to identify and distinguish fake news from real one. Among them, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods has been more important due to the successes achieved. Due to this advantage, the present study has attempted to use machine learning algorithms including SVM, k-NN, decision tree, random forest and MLP, to identify and classify fake and real news in the data set collected from Persian Twitter messenger. Based on the results of the confusion matrix implementation and functional evaluation of learning algorithms, it has been determined that Randomized decision trees and decision tree have the highest accuracy in evaluations with 90.25 and 90.20 as in the next step, the accuracy of the random forest is 89.99%. This indicates the ability of tree decision-making algorithms in optimal evaluation and better identification of fake news on Persian Twitter. Also, random forest and Randomized decision trees algorithms have the highest precision in implementation with 92%, and after these two algorithms, decision tree with 90.20% is in the third rank of precision.
Airbnb and hotel revenues in Greek popular destinations

This paper explores the role of Airbnb listings on hotel revenues in certain popular Greek tourist destinations. The analysis makes use of the panel GMM method, while the findings document that the Airbnb listings exert a negative impact on hotel revenues. Moreover, the results indicate that it is primarily non-business and low-price hotels that are being influenced, while the hotel industry responds to the competition through lower room prices and not through occupancy rates. The paper documents that although the Airbnb is a new factor in the Greek tourism industry, it has turned into a significant competitor against hotels. The findings of this paper are expected to provide further insights into the workings of the sector and the potential regulated policies needed to be adopted by tourism authorities.
Evaluation of the concentration of toxic metals in cosmetic products in Nigeria

It has been shown that heavy metals toxicity to humans is as a result of long term or high level exposure to pollutants common in the environment including the air, water, food and numerous consumer products such as the cosmetics and toiletries. In this study, we assessed the levels of toxic metals in different cosmetic products sold at local shops in Lagos, Nigeria. The cosmetic items included thirty creams and twenty lipsticks and lip glosses. These items were purchased from various shops at different locations in Lagos. The cosmetics were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel) after digestion with concentrated acids HNO3: H2SO4: HClO4 in ratio 2:2:1. The concentrations of the selected toxic heavy metals were determined in duplicate using a Buck 205 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All the samples analyzed contained a detectable amount of all the metals of interest. The concentration of the heavy metals in the samples ranged from 0.006 to 0.207 ppm. It is obvious from the present study that the use of some cosmetic products exposes users to low concentrations of toxic heavy metals which could constitute potential health risk to users since it has been known that heavy metals can accumulate in the biological system over time and are known to induce skin problems or diseases such as cancer. Further research to better understand the sources of heavy metals in cosmetic products is recommended.
1 Online Experiment-Driven Learning and Adaptation

This chapter presents an approach for the online optimization of collaborative embedded systems (CES) and collaborative system groups (CSG). Such systems need to adapt and optimize their behavior at runtime to increase their utilities and respond to runtime situations. We propose to model such systems as black boxes of their essential input parameters and outputs, and efficiently search in the space of input parameters for values that optimize (maximize or minimize) the system’s outputs. Our optimization approach consists of three phases and combines online (Bayesian) optimization with statistical guarantees stemming from the use of statistical methods such as factorial ANOVA, binomial testing, and t-tests in different phases. We have applied our approach in a smart cars testbed with the goal of optimizing the routing of cars via tuning the configuration of their parametric router at runtime.
Distribution of niche spaces over different homogeneous river sections at seasonal 1 resolution 2 3

26 Planktic algae have an essential role in the food web as primary producers; the 27 determination of the ecological niche space occupied by them is thus essential in strategies aimed 28 at sustaining the biodiversity of surface waters. In the present study, principal component analysis 29 combined with the outlying mean index was applied to 14 water quality time series (1993-2005) 30 derived from three previously determined homogeneous sections of the Hungarian part of the 31 River Tisza. As a result, the seasonal distribution of the ecological n-dimensional hypervolumes 32 was determined for the different river sections. In the first upper section, the seasonal niches 33 overlay each other, and no clear separation could be detected. In the middleand lower reaches, 34 however, a clear separation between the seasons was observed. The identification of these 35 separate niches of the various seasons as the main indicators/drivers of certain ecological 36 communities (e.g. phytoplankton) proved possible. 37
Generating Executable Code from High-level Formal Description of Social or Socio-Ecological Models (cid:63)

Agent-Based Modelling has been used for social simulation because of the several beneﬁts it entails, including the capacity to improve conceptual clarity, enhance scientiﬁc understanding of complex phenomena, and contribute policy-relevant insights through simulation experiments. Social models are often constructed by inter-disciplinary teams that include subject-matter experts with no programming skills. These experts are typically involved in the creation of the conceptual model, but not the veriﬁcation or validation of the simulation model. The Overview, Design concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol has emerged as a way of presenting a model at a high level of abstraction and as an eﬀort towards reproducibility of Agent Based Models (ABMs). However, this popular protocol does not improve the involvement of experts because it is typically written after a model has been completed. This paper reverses the process and provides non-programming experts with a user-friendly and extensible tool called ODD2ABM for creating and altering models on their own. This is done by formalizing ODD using concepts abstracted from the NetLogo language, enabling users to generate NetLogo code from an ODD description automatically. We veriﬁed the ODD2ABM tool with three existing NetLogo models and assessed it with criteria developed by other researchers.
The potential of using solarized cattle manure fertilizer and planting densities to cultivate the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica L.

Opuntia has been long cultivated for forage, as well as for human consumption. The objectivewas to evaluate yield, thickness, length and width of cladodes of Opuntia while in the soil, pH,electrical conductivity, organic matter and nitrates were evaluated. The experiment wasconducted during three years 2008, 2009 and 2010 through a completely randomized blockdesign with factorial arrangement with three replications. The factors were doses of organicfertilizer (0, 20, 40, 60 t ha-1) and one inorganic fertilizer as control 100-100-0 kg ha-1 of N, Pand K, respectively and planting densities (4,435, 8,871, 8,887 and 13,323 plants ha-1) withdifferent topological arrangements. The results showed greatest yield at 60 t ha-1 in 2009 and2010. In 2008, yield was greater at 60 t ha-1 but was not significantly greater than 40 t ha-1,however was greatest than control. All plant variables were greatest at 60 t ha-1, although insome cases not significantly different from other dosages. For all 3 years, pH, electricalconductivity, organic matter and nitrate content at 60 t ha-1 and 13,323 plants ha-1 wereunacceptable ranges and were not significantly worse than inorganic fertilizer, dosages orplanting densities. In conclusion, organic fertilizer is an option to avoid use of non-organicfertilizers in order to improve Opuntia production as well as maintaining soil quality.
Determination of Isoprenaline with Lucigenin Chemiluminescence Using Flow Injection Analysis

A procedure is presented for determining isoprenaline (10^-7 - 10^-4 M) in a flow injection system using chemiluminescence detection resulting from the reaction of isoprenaline with 10,10′-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridinium dinitrate (lucigenin) in aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide as a carrier stream. The logarithmic calibration curve was linear over the range from 1×10^-7 M to 1×10^-4 M. The effects of some analytical conditions on the chemiluminescence yield were investigated. The RSD at 1×10^-4 M isoprenaline is 0.9% (10 replicates). The method is directly applicable to aqueous solutions of isoprenaline injection (1 mg/5 ml).
Study on the rate of decomposition of amoxicillin in solid state using high-performance liquid chromatography

AbstractAmoxicillin sodium salt degradation in solid state relies on a sequential reaction consisting of two pseudo-first-order processes. Amoxicillin trihydrate, now used in pharmaceutical formulations, is significantly more stable than sodium amoxicillin. It degrades according to Prout-Tompkins model. We studied the stability of amoxicillin at temperatures of 37°, 50°, 80°, 90°, 100° y 110° C. HPLC was chosen as the analytical method. Amoxicillin and its decomposition products are separated by reversed-phase (C18) HPLC with gradient elution.
Supramolecular Host‐Guest Systems in Zeolites Prepared by Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle Synthesis

Zeolites have a microporous system defining large cavities interconnected by smaller windows. These cages can accommodate large molecules whose size, however, can be too big to cross the windows. The most important examples of these tridirectional zeolites are faujasites X and Y, but examples of other suitable zeolites are Beta, EMT and MCM-22. The inclusion of large guests inside the cavities starts from smaller precursors that can diffuse through the zeolite pores and then react inside the cavities to form the target guest. This microreview discusses the special characterisation techniques necessary to study these systems, differentiating those that serve to assess the identity and purity of the guests from those that address the internal vs. external location of the guests with respect to the zeolite host. It is organized by grouping the examples of ship-in-a-bottle synthesis according to the potential application of the system as catalysts, photocatalysts, sensors, in molecular machines, etc. Although proper credit is given to the pioneering reports on ship-in-a-bottle synthesis, the emphasis is placed on the most recent examples of the literature covering up to mid 2003. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
High-pressure and high-temperature synthesis of rhenium carbide using rhenium and nanoscale amorphous two-dimensional carbon nitride1

Abstract Both Re2C and Re2N are ultra incompressible and have a bulk modulus of about 400 GPa. These materials are synthesized under high pressure and high temperature. The synthesis pressures are about 10 GPa or below for Re2C and 20–30 GPa for Re2N. If the synthesis pressure of Re2N was about 10 GPa or below, a large volume high-pressure cell like a multi-anvil apparatus can be used to synthesize Re2N. To realize this, a proper solid nitrogen source is needed instead of liquid or gas nitrogen. We used a precursor of a mixture of rhenium and home-made nanoscale amorphous two-dimensional carbon nitride as a solid nitrogen source. Consequently, the synthesis reaction produced Re2C but not Re2N. We characterized the synthesized Re2C by various techniques including high-pressure x-ray diffraction (XRD). The bulk modulus B0 of the synthesized Re2C under hydrostatic conditions was estimated to be 385.7 ± 18.0 GPa. This value is a little smaller than the previous data. When the pressure medium became non-hydrostatic, the peculiar compression behaviour occurred; the rate of broadening of XRD lines increased and the compression became negligible in the range of a few GPa. The reason for this peculiar behaviour is not known.
Nonlinear Repair Schemes of Reed-Solomon Codes

The problem of repairing linear codes and, in particular, Reed Solomon (RS) codes has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their extreme importance to distributed storage systems. In this problem, a failed code symbol (node) needs to be repaired by downloading as little information as possible from a subset of the remaining nodes. By now, there are examples of RS codes that have efficient repair schemes, and some even attain the cut-set bound. However, these schemes fall short in several aspects; they require a considerable field extension degree. They do not provide any nontrivial repair scheme over prime fields. Lastly, they are all linear repairs, i.e., the computed functions are linear over the base field. Motivated by these and by a question raised in [1] on the power of nonlinear repair schemes, we study the problem of nonlinear repair schemes of RS codes. Our main results are the first nonlinear repair scheme of RS codes with asymptotically optimal repair bandwidth (asymptotically matching the cut-set bound). Specifically, we show that almost all 2 dimensional RS codes over prime fields (for large enough prime) are asymptotically MSR codes. This is the first example of a nonlinear repair scheme of any code and also the first example that a nonlinear repair scheme can outperform all linear ones. Moreover, we construct several RS codes over prime fields that exhibits efficient repair properties. We also show that unlike the problem of repairing RS codes over field extensions, over prime fields, one can not achieve the cut-set bound with equality. Concretely, by using ideas from additive combinatorics, we improve the cut-set bound by an additive factor, hence showing that every node must transmit more bits than the cut-set bound during a repair. Lastly, we discuss the implications of our results on repairing RS codes for leakage-resilient of Shamir’s secret sharing scheme over prime fields.
Langevin modes of macromolecules

The standard gas phase normal mode analysis is generalized to condensed phases within the framework of the classical Langevin equation. The solution of this equation for a system of 3N atoms moving on a harmonic potential surface and subject to viscous damping described by a friction matrix (which is nondiagonal in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions) is reduced to the diagonalization of a 6N×6N real nonsymmetric matrix obtained from the mass‐weighted force constant and friction matrices. Alternative formulations of the problem requiring either the diagonalization of a complex symmetric matrix or the solution to a generalized eigenvalue problem involving real symmetric matrices are also considered. The resulting eigenvalues, in general complex, are real when the motion is overdamped and occur in complex conjugate pairs in the underdamped case. It is shown that when the eigenvectors are normalized in a particular way, all quantities of interest (e.g., correlation functions) have simple spectral repre.
Interaction of spherical colloidal particles with planar surfaces

The rate of deposition of spherical polystyrene latex particles on smooth plastic films has been determined with the rotating disc technique. When the particles were negatively charged and the film positively charged, the deposition rate was closely in agreement with the Levich theory of diffusion-controlled transport to a rotating disc. With negative particles and negative films, high electrolyte concentrations were required to produce measurable deposition and the kinetics could not be accounted for by the appropriate modification of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory of colloid stability for sphere-plate interaction (including a treatment for diffusion of particles in a linear potential field). Furthermore, the anomalous deposition in this system was not proportional to time or to concentration of sol, although the sol itself was substantially unaffected by electrolyte under the conditions of the experiment. The evidence strongly suggests that—even with this seemingly ideal model for studying sphere-plate interaction—anomalous deposition occurred preferentially on to areas of locally favourable potential or geometry (or both). This phenomenon may prove to be important in practical deposition systems.
PARAMETRIC UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN MODELING METHANE THERMAL PARTIAL OXIDATION WITHIN INERT POROUS MEDIA

polynomial chaos, non-intrusive, porous media, thermal partial oxidation Abstract. Propagation of parametric uncertainty through a physical model is investi- gated for the problem of methane thermal partial oxidation within inert porous media. This reforming process is typically used to produce synthesis-gas (rich in H2 and CO) that is important for the hydrocarbon synthesis industry, as well as for some fuel cell type operation. The premixed combustion model includes detailed chemistry and solves the gas- and solid-phase energy balances coupled by convective heat exchange, including radiative heat transfer in the solid-phase. The uncertainty quantication problem is addressed us- ing a non-intrusive spectral projection based method, which allows one to use the original deterministic model without requiring modications in the source code. The present study focusses on uncertainties existing in the parameters related with the porous media heat transfer phenomena. The uncertain parameters are considered to have a half circle Beta distribution and their probabilistic information is estimated based on producers or exper- imental sources. Numerical predictions of the model stochastic solutions are obtained for temperature and species proles and for the laminar burning velocity. The numerical re- sults denote that the uncertainties in the model parameters are relevant for condence on
Surface Electronic Properties of Self-Assembled, Oppositely Charged Macrocycle and Polymer Multilayers on Conductive Oxides

Using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, we have deposited multilayer thin films on conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces by alternatively dipping ITO substrates in a polymer PDDA or poly(diallydimethylammonium) chloride solution and a macrocyle NiPc or nickel phthalocyanine solution. In addition to characterizing PDDA-NiPc systems with X-ray reflectometry and cyclic voltammetry, we monitored the growth of PDDA/NiPc multilayers on conductive oxides with Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy at an external grazing-angle reflection configuration. IR spectra with polarization perpendicular to the conductive ITO surfaces revealed vibration bands at 1227 and 1200 cm-1 corresponding to salt bridges of −SO3-··· Me2N+ binding between PDDA and NiPc. An oscillation of the surface electronic potential was observed with a Kelvin Probe as the surface layer alternated between PDDA and NiPc. The average gap of the surface potential difference between NiPc and PDDA monolayers is about 400 mV. Oscilla.