Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Statistical and Dynamic Downscaling Techniques in Generating High-Resolution Temperatures in China from CMIP5 GCMs

In aiming for better access to climate change information and for providing climate service, it is important to obtain reliable high-resolution temperature simulations. Systematic comparisons are still deficient between statistical and dynamic downscaling techniques because of their inherent unavoidable uncertainties. In this paper, 20 global climate models (GCMs) and one regional climate model [Providing Regional Climates to Impact Studies (PRECIS)] are employed to evaluate their capabilities in reproducing average trends of mean temperature (Tm), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and extreme events represented by frost days (FD) and heat-wave days (HD) across China. It is shown generally that bias of temperatures from GCMs relative to observations is over ±1°C across more than one-half of mainland China. PRECIS demonstrates better representation of temperatures (except for HD) relative to GCMs. There is relatively better performance in Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, south Yangzi River, and South China, whereas estimation is not as good in Xinjiang, the eastern part of northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Bias-correction spatial disaggregation is used to downscale GCMs outputs, and bias correction is applied for PRECIS outputs, which demonstrate better improvement to a bias within ±0.2°C for Tm, Tmax, Tmin, and DTR and ±2 days for FD and HD. Furthermore, such improvement is also verified by the evidence of increased spatial correlation coefficient and symmetrical uncertainty, decreased root-mean-square error, and lower standard deviation for reproductions. It is seen from comprehensive ranking metrics that different downscaled models show the most improvement across different climatic regions, implying that optional ensembles of models should be adopted to provide sufficient high-quality climate information.
A Low-Profile, Single-Ended and Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna for 5G Application

In this communication, a single-ended, dual-polarized patch antenna of extremely low profile is proposed. It consists of three substrates, which are, respectively, responsible for radiation, energy coupling, and feeding. A patch is printed on the top layer of the upper substrate. Four triangular slots are etched on the patch to direct the current in the slant direction and reduce the occlusion of the patch to other structures. Then two coupled lines are crosswise placed on the top layer of the medium substrate to improve the structural symmetry and couple the energy to the patch. The transition lines on the bottom side of the lowermost substrate are connected to the coupled lines plated through holes. The antenna can achieve high isolation and acceptable cross polarization discrimination (XPD) without complex differential feed network. Its size is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.257\times 0.257\times 0.06\,\,\lambda _{0}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free space wavelength at center frequency). To verify the design, the antenna element and its <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subarray is processed and tested. Results show that the proposed antenna has a great deal of potential for 5G new radio (NR) application.
Unsupervised Multiregion Partitioning of Fully Polarimetric SAR Images With Advanced Fuzzy Active Contours

This article proposes an unsupervised multiregion segmentation method for fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (polSAR) images based on the improved fuzzy active contour model. Different from most of the active contour models that are based on the utilization of only statistical information, the proposed method makes better use of information from polarimetric data. In addition to the statistical information, an edge detector modified from the ratio of exponentially weighted averages (ROEWA) operator, a sliding window algorithm for the total received power, and a ratio operator with respect to scattering mechanisms are integrated to the proposed active contour model. We then present a layer-based fuzzy active contour framework to solve our model. The general fuzzy active contour framework is computationally much more efficient compared with the level set-based framework; however, it cannot be applied to the multiregion segmentation of SAR images due to its low robustness to strong noise. The proposed approach includes the advantages of the general fuzzy active contour framework and has good robustness. Using two fully polSAR images demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve higher efficiency and a better segmentation performance in comparison with the commonly used active contour methods.
Variational Theory and Asymptotic Analysis for the Ginzburg-Landau Equations and p-Harmonic Maps

We study the relationship between energy concentration phenomena in some geometric pdes and the space of minimal submanifolds of higher codimension, and build on this understanding to obtain new existence results for some geometric variational problems. In the first part of this thesis, we prove new existence results for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equations on closed manifolds (M, g) of dimension n ≥ 2. Using min-max methods, we construct families u : M → C of solutions to the Ginzburg-Landau equations whose zero sets u−1 {0} converge as → 0 to the support of a nontrivial weak minimal submanifold (stationary, rectifiable varifold) of codimension two, providing an alternative approach to the construction of generalized minimal (n− 2)-submanifolds in a given Riemannian manifold. In the second part, we develop a compactness theory for stationary p-harmonic maps to the circle as p ∈ (1, 2) approaches 2 from below. Emphasizing strong analogies with the analysis of the Ginzburg-Landau equations, we show that, under natural energy bounds, the singular sets converge as p → 2 to the support of a weak minimal submanifold of codimension two. We highlight several ways in which the analysis in this setting is cleaner and simpler than that used to obtain analogous results in the Ginzburg-Landau setting, suggesting that the study of p-harmonic maps to S may provide valuable intuition in the study of energy concentration phenomena for the Ginzburg-Landau equations and related geometric pdes. In the third part, we draw on the study of topological singularities to obtain an improved understanding of the variational landscape for the natural energy functionals Ep(u) := ‖du‖pLp on manifold-valued maps u : M → N . While results of White and Hang-Lin imply the existence of a p-energy minimizing map in each path component of W (M,N), our results show that in many cases–depending only on the topology of M and N–each component of W (M,N) contains multiple local minimizers for the p-energy Ep(u), with critical points of mountain pass type lying between them. Moreover, the energies of these mountain-pass critical points are naturally related to the volumes of certain minimal varieties in M .
Optimasi Hasil Produksi Model Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP) Menggunakan Metode Mehar (Studi Kasus: Usaha Uni Risna Payakumbuh)

Usaha Uni Risna merupakan industri rumahan yang memproduksi makanan tradisional khas Minang seperti Galamai, Wajik, Pinyaram dan Kue Sapik. Pemilik industri belum sepenuhnya mampu menentukan berapa kali makanan tradisional tersebut yang harus diproduksi agar diperoleh keuntungan yang maksimal karena mengandung beberapa ketidakpastian, seperti ketidakpastian jumlah bahan baku dan kondisi perekonomian yang tidak stabil. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan model fuzzy linear programming (FLP) menggunakan metode Mehar. Penyelesaian dimulai dengan merubah model FLP menjadi model program linier dengan menggunakan ranking function selanjutnya diselesaikan dengan metode simpleks. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh solusi optimal untuk proses produksi Galamai dilakukan sebanyak kali dan proses produksi Kue Sapik dilakukan sebanyak kali. Sedangkan untuk Wajik dan Pinyaram tidak dilakukan produksi. Usaha Uni Risna memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp.
High‐order discrete‐time orthogonal spline collocation methods for singularly perturbed 1D parabolic reaction–diffusion problems

Quasi‐optimal error estimates are derived for the continuous‐time orthogonal spline collocation (OSC) method and also two discrete‐time OSC methods for approximating the solution of 1D parabolic singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problems. OSC with C1 splines of degree r ≥ 3 on a Shishkin mesh is employed for the spatial discretization while the Crank–Nicolson method and the BDF2 scheme are considered for the time‐stepping. The results of numerical experiments validate the theoretical analysis and also exhibit additional quasi‐optimal results, in particular, superconvergence phenomena.
Convex and nonconvex optimization geometries

Many machine learning and signal processing problems are fundamentally nonconvex. One way to solve them is to transform them into convex optimization problems (a.k.a. convex relaxation), which constitutes a major part of my research. Although the convex relaxation approach is elegant in some ways that it can give information-theoretical sample convexity and minimax denoising rate, but this approach is not efficient in dealing with high-dimensional problems. Therefore, as my second major part of the research, I will directly focus on the fundamentally nonconvex formulations of these nonconvex problems, with a particular interest in understanding the nonconvex optimization landscapes of their fundamental formulations. Then in the third part of my research, I will develop optimization algorithms with provable guarantees that can efficiently navigate these nonconvex landscapes and achieve the global optimality. Finally, in the final part, I will apply the alternating minimization algorithms to general tensor recovery problems and clustering problems. Part 1: Convex Optimization. In this part, we apply convex relaxations to several popular nonconvex problems in signal processing and machine learning (e.g. line spectral estimation problem and tensor decomposition problem) and prove that the solving the new convex relaxation problems can return the globally optimal solutions of their original nonconvex formulations. Part 2: Nonconvex Optimization. In this part, we focus on the fundamentally nonconvex optimization landscapes for several low-rank matrix optimization problems with general objective functions, which covers a massive number of popular problems in signal processing and machine learning. In particular, we develop mild conditions for these general low-rank matrix optimization problems to have a benign landscape: all second-order stationary points are global optimal solutions and all saddle points are strict saddles (i.e. Hessian matrix has a negative eigenvalue). Part 3: Algorithms. In this part, we will develop optimization algorithms with provable second-order optimal convergence for general nonconvex and non-Lipschitz problems. Further, in this part, we also solve an open problem for the second-order convergence of alternating minimization algorithms that have been widely used in practice to solve large-scale nonconvex problems due to their simple implementation, fast convergence, and superb empirical performance. Then the second-order convergence guarantees, along with the knowledge (see Part 2) that a massive number of nonconvex optimization problems have been shown to have a benign landscape (all second-order stationary points are global minima), ensure that the proposed algorithms can find global minima for a class of nonconvex problems. Part 4: Applications. In this part, we apply the alternating minimization algorithms to several popular applications in signal processing and machine learning, e.g., the low-rank tensor recovery problem and the spherical Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
An adaptive dynamic programming method for torque ripple minimization of PMSM

The imperfect sinusoidal flux distribution, cogging torque, and current measurement errors can cause periodic torque ripple in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). These ripples are reflected in the periodic oscillation of the motor speed and torque, causing vibration at low speeds and noise at high speeds. As a high-precision tracking application, ripple degrades the application performance of PMSM. In this paper, an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) scheme is proposed to reduce the periodic torque ripples. An optimal controller is designed by iterative control algorithm using robust adaptive dynamic programming theory and strategic iterative technique. ADP is combined with the existing Proportional-Integral (PI) current controller and generates compensated reference current iteratively from cycle to cycle so as to minimize the mean square torque error. As a result, an optimization problem is constructed and an optimal controller is obtained. The simulation results show that the robust adaptive dynamic programming achieves lower torque ripple and shorter dynamic adjustment time during steady-state operation, thus meeting the requirements of steady speed state and the dynamic performance of the regulation system.
Perinatal Suppression of Tau P301L Has a Long Lasting Preventive Effect against Neurodegeneration

Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The rTg4510 transgenic mouse model expresses a human variant of tau, P301L, which is repressible with doxycycline. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal loss, and behavioral impairments can be measured in a progressive, age-dependent manner. In this study, we used in vivo volumetric MRI, localized MRS as well as post mortem immunohistochemistry, to evaluate the effects of perinatal tau inhibition. The results demonstrated that continuous doxycycline exposure from birth until adulthood (2.5-month-old) was sufficient to delay accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and formation of NFTs in rTg4510 mouse brain. Volumetric MRI and histological evaluation also highlighted the absence of forebrain atrophy or neurodegeneration until at least 10 months of age. These results suggest that the most severe pathological events associated with P301L tauopathy occur at the perinatal and early postnatal stages and that providing protection against these events may significantly reduce the risks of neurodegeneration in adulthood
Diffusion in countably infinite networks

We investigate the phenomenon of diffusion in a countably infinite society of individuals interacting with their neighbors. At a given time, each individual is either active (i.e., has the status or opinion 1) or inactive (i.e., has the status or opinion 0). The configuration of the society describes active and inactive individuals. The diffusion mechanism is based on an aggregation function, which leads to a Markov process with an uncountable set of states, requiring the involvement of σ-fields. We focus on two types of aggregation functions - strict, and Boolean. We determine absorbing, transient and irreducible sets under strict aggregation functions. We show that segregation of the society cannot happen and its state evolves towards a mixture of infinitely many active and infinitely many inactive agents. In our analysis, we mainly focus on the network structure. We distinguish networks with a blinker (periodic class of period 2) and those without. o-irreducibility is obtained at the price of a richness assumption of the network, meaning that it should contain infinitely many complex stars and have enough space for storing local configurations. When considering Boolean aggregation functions, the diffusion process becomes deterministic and the contagion model of Morris (2000) can be seen as a particular case of our framework with aggregation functions. In this case, consensus and non trivial absorbing states as well as cycles can exist.
Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Reaper for Small Farms (a Case Study: Iran)

Annually about 0.2 million hectares of farms in Iran country are not harvested. The main reason of not harvested area is the lack of a suitable machine for harvesting small and rough fields. To prevent damage caused by not harvested area, a machine with a 1 m length cutter bar and 6.5 hp engines that was suitable for small farms, having high reliability and manoeuvrability on rough terrain was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The results of machine performance evaluation showed that forward speed has a significant effect on field efficiency and crop losses. Increasing the machine forward speed caused decreasing the field efficiency and increasing crop losses. The forward speed of 0.5 m/s had the lowest crop losses and was less exhausting and had the maximum energy saved than compare to 1 and 1.5 m/s. Therefore, the forward speed of 0.5 m/s had the best result. Results of cost analysis showed that the total cost of machine was 20 $/ha. The cost of manual harvesting was 154 $/ha. The minimum justified ownership area for the machine was 1.3 ha which is appropriate for agricultural systems with small farms.
Preliminary Studies on Standardization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacological Experimental Methods——Protective Effect of CSF of Optimized Danggui Shaoyao San on PC12 Cells

Objective:To explore the standard conditions of the cerebrospinal fluid pharmacological method,by investigating the neural protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) containing FBD.Methods:The effect of rat CSF with FBD on injured PC12 cell induced by hydrogen peroxide was observed by MTT assay under various experimental conditions(dosage regiment,addition level,treatment process). Results:The viability of PC12 cell injured by hydrogen peroxide increased with the addition level of CSF with FBD,and at the same addition level(5%,10%,20%),CSF of rat after administrating FBD repetitiously (2 times/d)×3.5 d) exerted higher protective efficacy on PC12 cell than that of after administrating FBD once.The raw CSF with FBD and the CSF with FBD treated by heat(56 ℃),ethanol,acetone all had notable protective effects on PC12 cell(P0.01),and there was no significant statistical difference among them.Meanwhile,CSF with FBD of different batch of rats and with different preserved time also showed distinct activities,however,protective rate declined with prolonging of the preserved time.Conclusion:It is proposed that the CSF containing drugs may be prepared with 10% rat CSF without treating after administrating drugs repetitiously and preserved at20 ℃ no more than 30 days.
Impact of various parameters on nanostructures fabrication mechanism on silicon surface with AFM tip induced local anodic oxidation

Abstract The AFM tip induced local anodic oxidation (LAO) nanolithography is capable of manufacturing nanometer scale structures and devices for future generation. Experimental studies of LAO on silicon surface, implemented in atmospheric environment by AFM, are presented in this paper. A series of nanostructures with complex patterns was fabricated and analyzed by AFM. The results indicated that various of parameters, such as the applied voltage, pulse time, and ambient humidity, have a strong impact on the height of the nanostructures generated in this way. An advantage of the presented approach is to be utilized in future processing steps in the same environment.
Exploring log-normal distributions in nascent entrepreneurship outcomes

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Pengukuran Tegangan Baterai Mobil Dengan Arduino Uno

Kemajuan teknologi otomotif semakin maju, dengan kemajuan teknologi tersebut perangkat/ komponen pendukung harus mampu mendukung teknologi tersebut. Mesin dengan teknologi VVT/ VVT-i , i-VTEC/VTEC , i-DSI dikontrol atau kendalikan oleh komputer. Komputer mengendalikan pembakaran, udara, bahan bakar, suhu mesin (radiator),starter, gas buang, kunci pintu dan lainnya. Sistem pengaturan yang terintegrasi supaya bekerja secara optimal, baterai sebagai catu daya harus menpunyai daya tidak boleh kurang dari batas minimal. Untuk mengetahui daya baterai perlu ada alat ukur dengan tampilan LCD supaya pengemudi kendaraan mudah mengetahui daya yang tersedia oleh baterai.
Topological optimization of periodic materials to enhance anisotropic dispersive effects

In the context of waves in periodic media , we propose an iterative algorithm that determines an optimal material distribution to reach target effective dispersive properties. It relies on an homogenized model of this medium, an update procedure based on the topological derivative concept, and on an efficient FFT-accelerated method to solve cell problems.
Soccer-Specific Performance Testing of Fitness and Athleticism: The Development of a Comprehensive Player Profile

SUMMARY THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO ADDRESS THE USE OF FIELD TESTS OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND ATHLETICISM IN ELITE OUTFIELD SOCCER PLAYERS (E.G., COLLEGIATE, PROFESSIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL) THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAYER PROFILING SYSTEM. A SECONDARY PURPOSE IS TO ADDRESS THE USE OF DATA TO QUANTIFY A PLAYER'S PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES, LIMB ASYMMETRY, TIME-RELATED CHANGES, AND RETURN TO PLAY AFTER INJURY.
Development of a high-speed plenoptic imaging system and its application to marine biology PIV

Plenoptic particle image velocimetry (PPIV) has been demonstrated in the past as a viable single-/dual-camera technique for 3D flow measurements. Compared to established four-camera tomographic-PIV and 3D-PTV, PPIV has the advantages of lower cost, a simpler setup with a smaller footprint, a deeper depth-of-field for a given aperture and potential for access to otherwise optically restricted facilities. However, because camera bodies must be significantly modified to accommodate an embedded plenoptic microlens array (MLA), past PPIV implementations have been limited to <5 Hz low-speed Imperx cameras. The mitigation of this shortcoming through the development of a modular plenoptic adaptor is hereby presented. The developed adaptor, which consists of an externally mounted MLA and a pair of relay lenses, attaches to and enables plenoptic capability in unmodified off-the-shelf imaging devices, including kHz-rate high-speed cameras and intensifiers. Imaging performance is found to be comparable to embedded-MLA designs, and results from the PPIV measurement of 4D flows around a ctenophore Mnemiopsis (‘comb jelly’) using the high-speed system is hereby presented.