Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safe Reinforcement Learning for Sepsis Treatment

Sepsis, a life-threatening illness, is estimated to be the primary cause of death for 50,000 people a year in the UK and many more worldwide. Managing the treatment of sepsis is very challenging as it is frequently missed at an early stage and the optimal treatment is not yet clear. There are promising attempts to use Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn optimal strategies to treat sepsis patients, especially for the administration of intravenous fluids and vasopressors. However, some RL agents only take the current state of patients into account when recommending the dosage of vasopressors. This is inconsistent with clinical safety practice in which the dosage of vasopressors is increased or decreased gradually. A sudden major change of the dosage might cause significant harm to patients and as such is considered unsafe in sepsis treatment. In this paper, we have adapted one of the deep RL methods published previously and evaluated whether the learned policy contains these sudden, major changes when recommending the vasopressor dosage. Then, we have modified this method to address the above safety constraint and learnt a safer policy by incorporating current clinical knowledge and practice.
Millimeter-Wave Band CMOS RF Phased-Array Transceiver IC Designs for 5G Applications

This paper presents design challenges and solutions for the fifth generation (5G) phased-array transceiver ICs in millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency bands. A 28nm bulk CMOS device technology is selected to integrate multiple RF phased-array elements in a single-chip to achieve a high-level of TX EIRP and RX sensitivity. Several design approaches of gain, POUT, stability, reliability and linearity enhancement techniques are applied to enable CMOS as a key device solution for 5G applications in MMW frequency bands. A 39GHz band 16-channel CMOS RF phased-array transceiver IC is designed and can support 4T/4R MIMO base-station applications including ×64 RF phased-array ICs (total 1,024 phased-array elements). T/RX paths have gain dynamic ranges of >30/40dB for flexibility and scalability. The TX path shows POUT/Ch. of >6.0dBm at EVM of -34dB (800MHz) and PDC/Ch. of 105mW. The RX path performs NF of 4.2dB, EVM of -38dB (100MHz) and PDC/Ch. of 39mW. These state-of-the-art results lead to TX EIRP of >55dBm and RX sensitivity of <-113dBm/100MHz in the 5G NR base-station system.
A User Study of a Gaze Window User Interface

We have proposed a proof of concept of a gaze window interface. A gaze window interface uses the user’s gaze point to show the relevant content nearby the current gaze point. A system of a gaze window interface has been implemented that allows users to manage looking at multiple objects of interest on the screen while the system is responsive to the user’s gaze points with relevant information shown in the gaze window. We also conducted user studies to investigate the effects of the interface on user performance and behaviors. In this paper, we report on a user study in which the gaze window was compared with a mouse window for supporting single user data entry tasks. We describe details of the study design and conduction and present the results.
Assessing the Learning of Folk Dance Movements Using Immersive Virtual Reality

Digital technologies can help with preservation of cultural heritage and virtual reality can be used for that purpose. In this paper, a virtual reality application that has the potential of assisting the learning process of folk dances is introduced. This application includes three different assisting approaches that are presented and evaluated with 30 healthy participants. An animated avatar of the professional dancer is shown in immersive virtual reality and participants were asked to imitate the movements in order to learn the dance. Movements were recorded using a passive optical motion capture system and afterwards compared to the recordings from the professional dancers. Questionnaire data were also collected and initial results indicate that participants that had feedback provided achieved better performance.
Information Extraction Models for German Clinical Text

Tools and resources to automatically process clinical text are very limited, particularly outside the English speaking world. As many relevant patient information within electronic health records are described in unstructured text, this is a clear drawback. In order to slightly overcome this problem, we present information extraction models for German clinical text and make them freely available. The models have been trained on documents of the nephrology domain and do not contain personal information.
Wafer-scale integration of double gated WS2-transistors in 300mm Si CMOS fab

Double gated WS2 transistors with gate length down to 18 nm are fabricated in a 300mm Si CMOS fab. By using large statistical data sets and mapping uniformity on full 300mm wafer, we built an integration vehicle where impact of each process step can be understood and developed accordingly to enhance device performance. In-depth analysis of VT variability reveals multiple possible sources at different length scales, with the most prominent one being the channel material. The work presented here paves the way towards industrial adoption of 2D materials.
A Performance Analysis of the Security Communication in CoAP and MQTT

In recent years, security has become one of the major concerns in IoT. As a result, a variety of emerging technologies and new standards have been developed over the past few years to effectively increase the security capabilities of the IoT systems. At the same time, performance still remains as another fundamental aspect of IoT. Current IoT systems feature constrained capabilities, which in turn might constitute a significant barrier for the development of new IoT technologies. Consequently, performance has to be taken into consideration when applying new security features to IoT. This paper presents an in-depth performance analysis on the security of two of the most established communication protocols in IoT: CoAP and MQTT. In particular, it focuses on transport layer security (DTLS, TLS) and recent standardization work on end-to-end application layer security (OSCORE, EDHOC). In order to further asses the feasibility of the protocols, the message reliability capabilities of each protocol have also been considered in the analysis. The scope of the evaluation has been defined in terms of latency and throughput consumption. Based on this evaluation, IoT adopters can adequately select the best IoT security communication protocol for their own IoT applications.
A Compact 5G Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with Pattern Diversity for Mobile Phone

In this paper, a 5G dual-band multiple-input multi-ple-output (MIMO) antenna array based on the pattern phase diversity technology is proposed. Total area of the antenna array is only about 32% of a normal mobile phone (150 x 70 mm2). From the simulation results, we can see that the antenna array achieves S11 < -6 dB at 3.245-3.85 GHz and 4.67-5.14 GHz. Besides, the isolation between all ports is more than 20 dB, and the envelope correlation coefficients are less than 0.12 and 0.03 in 3.4-3.6 GHz and 4.8-5.0 GHz, respectively.
Loop Parallelization using Dynamic Commutativity Analysis

Automatic parallelization has largely failed to keep its promise of extracting parallelism from sequential legacy code to maximize performance on multi-core systems outside the numerical domain. In this paper, we develop a novel dynamic commutativity analysis (DCA) for identifying parallelizable loops. Using commutativity instead of dependence tests, DCA avoids many of the overly strict data dependence constraints limiting existing parallelizing compilers. DCA extends the scope of automatic parallelization to uniformly include both regular array-based and irregular pointer-based codes. We have prototyped our novel parallelism detection analysis and evaluated it extensively against five state-of-the-art dependence-based techniques in two experimental settings. First, when applied to the NAS benchmarks which contain almost 1400 loops, DCA is able to identify as many parallel loops (over 1200) as the profile-guided dependence techniques and almost twice as many as all the static techniques combined. We then apply DCA to complex pointer-based loops, where it can successfully detect parallelism, while existing techniques fail to identify any. When combined with existing parallel code generation techniques, this results in an average speedup of 3.6 × (and up to 55x) across the NAS benchmarks on a 72-core host, and up to 36.9x for the pointer-based loops, demonstrating the effectiveness of DCA in identifying profitable parallelism across a wide range of loops.
Single-Chip Beam Scanner with Integrated Light Source for Real-Time Light Detection and Ranging

For the first time to our knowledge, we present a single-chip solution for a solid-state 2D beam scanner achieving 10-m light detection and ranging (LIDAR) operation at 20 frames per second (fps). The beam scanner is integrated with a fully functional 32-channel optical phased array (OPA), 36 optical amplifiers, and a tunable laser, all on a 7.5×3-mm2 single chip fabricated using III-V-on-silicon processes. In addition, we created and applied an ultrafast self-evolving OPA-calibration algorithm and digital signal processing to demonstrate real-time LIDAR operation. This work presents the first demonstration of a chip-scale LIDAR solution without using an external optical source or amplifier, making an ultra-low cost and compact LIDAR technology a reality.
A 32–42-GHz RTWO-Based Frequency Quadrupler Achieving >37 dBc Harmonic Rejection in 22-nm FD-SOI

In this letter, we propose a 32–42-GHz frequency quadrupler that performs digital logic operations between four phase-shifted differential signals at one-fourth of the output frequency. The four phase-shifted signals are generated via a 10-GHz rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO) and are symmetrically routed to the quadrupler using a CMOS buffered clock tree. The harmonic rejection ratio (HRR) is enhanced by employing a differential $LC$ filter tuned at its output center frequency. The proposed frequency quadrupler is implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS. At 37 GHz, it produces an output power of −4 dBm with a 10% drain efficiency. It consumes 4 mW from 0.8-V supply and occupies a core area of 0.021 mm2. The worst-case HRR for fundamental, second, third, and fifth harmonics are 41.3, 48.6, 41.3, and 37.3 dBc, respectively.
Catalytic Cracking of Waxes Produced by the Fast Pyrolysis of Polyolefins

The cracking of the waxes obtained in the flash pyrolysis of polypropylene has been studied in laboratory FCC units under the standard conditions in FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) units. The reaction equipment is provided with a riser simulator reactor, and the experiments have been carried out using a commercial equilibrium catalyst, with a catalyst/feed ratio of C/O = 5.5, in the 500−550 °C range and for contact times between 3 and 12 s. The effect of these operating conditions on the yields of products and on the composition of gas and gasoline lumps has been studied. The results have been compared with those of VGO (vacuum gas oil) cracking, which is the standard FCC feed in refineries, and with those of a mixture of VGO (80 wt %) and waxes (20 wt %).
Augmented Reality with Maps for Off-Screen POI Awareness

Augmented Reality (AR) applications for mobile devices are common nowadays, however the information superimposed over the image captured by the device’s camera is limited to its field of view. To address this problem in the visualization of points of interest (POI), we have combined the AR view with the display of the POI’s location in a map to increase user awareness about nearby POI. It gives insight about the orientation and distance between the POI and the user. We developed 3 solutions: (1) including cues to off-screen POI in a frame at the border of the AR view and providing an alternative map view; (2) combining the AR view with a mini-map superimposed on its top left corner; and (3) combining the AR view with a circular radar view on its top left corner. A usability study performed to compare these approaches revealed that, although all the approaches were positively appreciated, the solution with a mini-map was the preferred one.
From Interconnect Materials and Processes to Chip Level Performance: Modeling and Design for Conventional and Exploratory Concepts

We survey latest device and interconnect scaling trends in literature and present an in-detail sensitivity analysis of advanced metallization and barrier/liner fabrication methods at a system level by evaluating representative designs using industry-standard electronic design tools. In particular, we look at the 7nm technology node and evaluate multiple process advancements for copper interconnects and vias and compare them with ruthenium wires and interconnects. Despite improvements to copper barrier/liner, vias, and geometry RC optimization, by utilizing system-level design metrics, we showcase that ruthenium is a viable option even at the 7nm node, sooner than projections made in literature, owing largely to the 5× improvement in ruthenium via resistance.
Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm for Resource-Constrained Project-Scheduling

The Resource-Constrained Project-Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) is an NP-hard problem which can be found in many research domains. The optimal solution of the RCPSP problems requires a balance between exploration/exploitation and diversification/intensification. With this in mind, quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms’ ability to improve the population and quality of solutions, this work investigates the performance of a quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (QIGA), which has been adapted to work with RCPSPs. The proposed QIGA possesses the same structure as classical genetic algorithms, but the initial and updated populations are implemented using quantum gates and quantum superposition, bearing in mind the adaptation of such operators to fit with discrete problems. This work aims to solve RCPSPs using the QIGA to investigate the influence of the various quantum parameters in the proposed algorithm, such as the quantum population size, different options for the quantum gates and re-combination to use in the QIGA. The well-known PSPLIB benchmark instances of J30, J60 and J120 activities are used to test the effectiveness and performance of the proposed QIGA. It is apparent from the results that quantum mutation, quantum crossover and representation of quantum superposition using quantum gates enhances population diversity. The QIGA is also found to outperform many other evolutionary algorithms.
MODRON: A Scalable and Interoperable Web of Things Platform for Structural Health Monitoring

Recent Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems might take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for fine-grained and autonomic sensors data management and processing. Moreover, current SHM deployments often demand for the installation of multi-type and heterogeneous sensor devices capable to perform long-term measurements; from here, the need for dedicated software platforms allowing for scalability and interoperability requirements arises. In this paper, we jointly address the two issues above by proposing MODRON, which is a SHM-dedicated IoT platform with sensor-to-cloud support. The software architecture leverages the W3C Web of Things (WoT) standard for multi-source sensors data acquisition and fusion. The platform includes an edge component, implementing the communication with the monitoring layer and the data exposition through WoT Web Things (WTs), and a cloud component, embedding sensor/WT management capabilities, which is in charge of distributed data storage, aggregation, visualization and analytics. We illustrate the abstract MODRON architecture and its current implementation that supports two different SHM sensor types (MEMS accelerometers and piezoelectric devices). In addition, we describe the system operations on a real-world SHM system, i.e. the monitoring of a metallic structure instrumented with multiple sensor networks.
Production of activated carbon by H3PO4 activation treatment of corncob and its performance in removing nitrobenzene from water

Activated carbon was produced by fast precarbonization of corncobs in a fluidized bed followed by H3PO4 activation. The results showed that the product is essentially microporous carbon whose BET surface area and pore volume when the carbon was activated at 900 degrees C were 1588 m(2)/g and 0.8163 mL/g, respectively. The experimental operating conditions were as follows; carbonizing the corncobs in the preheated fluidized-bed at 350 degrees C for 5 min using N-2 as carrier gas; implementing the char with H3PO4 with an impregnation ratio of 1.5 (Char/H3PO4); and activating the mixture at 900 degrees C for 30 min in the tubular furnace. The potential usefulness of the resultant carbons for removal of nitrobenzene from water was also investigated. (c) 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 26: 78-85, 2007.
Wearable Air-Writing Recognition System employing Dynamic Time Warping

Gesture recognition has been a popular research field under the trend of IoT and intelligent devices. Air-writing is the most challenging and crucial topic in the gesture recognition field. In this paper, we propose a wearable air-writing system that makes users can write the English alphabet in the three-dimensional space without any write rules. The proposed system is based on the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and it uses dynamic time warping (DTW) as the main recognition algorithm. In addition, to improve the recognition accuracy and take a better advantage of the DTW algorithm, we present an adjustment system that gives some new optimization methods to the application of IMU and DTW. In the experiment, the accuracy of recognition is 84.6% for the uppercase alphabet (from ‘A’ to ‘Z’) in user-dependent case. And we also confirmed that the recognition method only based on the DTW algorithm is one kind of user-dependent methods, which means this method is heavily dependent on personalization.
Separation and determination of E and Z-isomers of Tamoxifen by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method for separation and determination of E and Z-Tamoxifens using μ-Bondapak C18 column with aqueous tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate (pH 4.0) containing acetonitrile as mobile solvent has been developed. The separation between E and Z-Tamoxifens has been found to be good with resolution and separation factors of 2.85 and 1.27, respectively. The effect of light on stability of Z-Tamoxifen and its conversion to E-isomer has also been studied.
Multi-Channel Remote Photoplethysmography Correspondence Feature for 3D Mask Face Presentation Attack Detection

With the advancement of 3D printing technologies, 3D mask presentation attack becomes a critical challenge in face recognition. To tackle the 3D mask presentation attack detection (PAD), remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) is employed as an intrinsic detection cue which is independent of the mask material and appearance quality. Although the effectiveness of existing rPPG-based methods has been verified, they may not be robust enough when rPPG signals are contaminated by noise. To identify the heartbeat information from the noisy raw rPPG signals, we propose a new 3D mask PAD feature, multi-channel rPPG correspondence feature (MCCFrPPG) with the global noise-aware template learning and verification framework. To further boost the discriminability, temporal variation of the rPPG signal is considered and extracted through the multi-channel time-frequency analysis scheme. This paper also extends HKBU-MARs V2 dataset with more customized high-quality masks and increases the number of videos by two times. Comprehensive experiments were performed on existing 3D mask datasets and the extended HKBU-MARs V2+, which totally covers 3 types of masks, 12 different light settings and 6 cameras. The results not only justify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed MCCFrPPG on 3D mask attacks but also indicate its potential on handling the replay attack with camera motion and dim light.
A New 1-D Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Slots Metagratings with Beam-Scanning Control

A new one-dimension (1-D) periodic leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on slotted metagratings (MGs) enabling a scanned-control for farfield patterns is presented. MGs etched periodically on conducting plane over a perfect electric conductor (PEC) grounded dielectric substrate. The wide bandwidth range and high gain with a continuous scanned radiation beam can be addressed with MGs technique performance. By utilizing results, the bandwidth ranged of 12.75-26GHz with continuous beam-scanned of 100° narrow beam-width is obtained, the realized gain is up to 11.85 dBi. Meanwhile, the beam-scanned sensitivity is 7.5 o/GHz. The proposed structure can be the role in satellite communication devices enabling a perfect beam-scanned control.
Congestion-Aware Suspicious Object Detection System Using Information-Centric Networking

Deadly diseases and terrorist attacks are greatly threatening human safety, which challenges global security. To address this issue, urban surveillance systems are being applied at a rapid pace with mature but inefficient solutions in large scale networks. When a surveillance network is managing the data generated from multiple edge nodes, it is easy to create congestions due to concentrated data traffic and inefficient data delivery mechanism. In parallel, 5G technology, cope with explosive mobile data traffic growth and massive device connections, can realize a true “Internet of Everything” and build the social and economical digital transformation. In this paper, in the context of 5G technology, we propose an Information-Centric Networking (ICN) surveillance system based on our designed Suspicious Object Network System (SONS) over the concept of next-generation networking. In this solution, the edge nodes in the network distribute the computing and data storage requirements. We first describe the current surveillance issues and our proposed system architecture. Then we use simulation to verify and evaluate the system performance between legacy all-to-one centralized surveillance system and ICN based decentralized surveillance system.
Haptic Communication: Toward 5G Tactile Internet

In order to provide haptic transmission with low latency, high transparency, and high reliability, tactile internet combines with the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) to form 5G tactile internet. Based on 5G tactile internet, haptic communication improves the immersion and realism of interaction by enriching the sensory experience in many critical aspects of industries. This paper presents an overview of the recent achievements in haptic communication, including signal capture, encoding, and delivery. We first introduce the concepts and applications of haptics. Then we list typical haptic devices for capturing and displaying. Among them, the wearable devices have a wider range of application scenarios. Thirdly, we summarize the typical methods and development directions of haptic encoding. Finally, we present the importance of haptic delivery and discuss the requirements, problems, and solutions for delivery. We hope our review and findings provide some insights into future research on haptic communication.
An Overview of Wideband Metamaterials Inspired Electrically Small Antennas

Electrically small antennas (ESAs) have been attracting many researchers owing to their compact sizes and potential applications in modern wireless communication systems. Considering that ESAs have high reactance, low radiation resistance and narrow bandwidth, metamaterials (MTMs) structures can be applied to the design of wideband and miniaturized antennas to overcome the above limitations. In this paper, the achievements in MTMs inspired ESAs are summarized, the research status is analyzed, and the future development trend of wideband MTMs inspired ESAs is predicted.