Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Texture analysis approaches in modelling informal settlements: a review

Abstract Texture-based informal settlement (IS) mapping has gained attention in urban remote sensing (RS) research. Numerous studies conducted on the use of texture analysis for IS mapping have investigated wide-ranging sensors, algorithms, scale, classifiers, feature selection methods, and other factors of interest. However, no study has systematically investigated key factors affecting texture-based classification processes. This paper presents a detailed synthesis of scientific progress in texture based IS mapping. Results revealed that grey level co-occurrence matrix was the most popularly used algorithm.Quickbird was the widely used sensor. The use of machine-learning classifiers, particularly, support vector machine and random forest yielded, comparatively, high accuracies (>80%). Interestingly, deep learning showed potential to advance IS identification. Multi-city comparison studies demonstrated need for texture features to be locally specific in order to allow transferability. Thus, integration of RS data and field survey statistics could be crucial in enhancing understanding of morphological variations for improved IS mapping.
Development of flexible double distribution quantile mapping for better 1 bias correction in precipitation of GCMs 2

11 The double gamma quantile mapping (DGQM) can outperform single gamma quantile 12 mapping (SGQM) for bias correction of global circulation models (GCMs) using two gamma 13 functions for two segments based on 90 th quantile. However, there are two ambiguous points: 14 the 90 th quantile and considering only the Gamma probability function. Therefore, this study 15 introduced a flexible dividing point, δ (%), which can be adjusted to the regionally observed 16 values at the station and considered the combination of various probability distributions, 17 Weibull, lognormal, and Gamma, for two separate segments. The newly proposed method, 18 flexible double distribution quantile mapping (F-DDQM), was employed to correct the bias of 19 8 GCMs of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to correct bias at 22 20 stations in South Korea. The results clearly showed higher performance of F-DDQM than 21 DGQM and Flexible-DGQM (F-DGQM) by 25% and 5%, respectively, in root mean square 22 error. The F-DGQM also showed better performance in replicating probability distribution, 23 spatial variability and extremes of observed precipitation than other methods. This study 24 contributes to improving the bias correction method for the better projection of extreme values. et al., 2001). This study compared the extreme 217 values of monthly precipitations bias-corrected using four QM methods considering GEV 218 distribution. judicious selection of the dividing point improves the performance for bias Fourth, corrected precipitation has lower than other Fifth, performs best in correcting bias in extreme precipitation. This study contributes to technological development by suggesting a new bias correction method that can be used more flexibly than the existing DGQM for reliable of GCM biases.
Enhancing customer satisfaction through open innovation communities: A comparison of knowledge management approaches

Organizational learning integrates core specialized tacit resources and knowledge to facilitate development of strategic interdisciplinary knowledge development, integration, management and innovation. To promote open innovation within a gig economy, we address three problems: first, to identify which knowledge management view may contribute more in deriving, creating and increasing value and customer satisfaction; second, to educate users to learn, improve, and transfer the value to his/her designs via the user innovation community’s (UIC) feedback; third, from the reviews and findings, to identify implications/factors that we should pay more attention to when synergizing strategies and technology amidst co-evolving markets. Scoping our research to individual and additive/incremental Resource-based view (RBV-KM), Knowledge-based view (KBV-KM), and Mixed-based view (MBV-KM) knowledge management approaches, the UIC are framed (positioned) as novice product designers-customers learning via HerAll, a Malaysian B2C niche card design e-commerce website. Hypothetically, RBV-KM may evidence more participation; KBV-KM more meaningful knowledge-sharing, moderated by the leader’s design and leadership skills; MBV-KM better design outcomes, knowledge sharing and the highest designer-customer satisfaction. Findings indicate 75.85% overall average customer satisfaction for RBV-KM, 71.40% KBV-KM and 81.35% MBV-KM. These correspond with the Diamond model and Customer Relationship Models. With perceived value in the midst of inter-connected, co-evolving business models as motivator, customer satisfaction is influenced most by familiarity with the learning environment and tasks, followed by the type and quality of leadership, feedback/comments from the UIC, which influence the development of community and identity, ability, and cultural fit. Findings on the type and timing of rewards and (intelligent) guidance concur with prior literature.
Risk Centric Threat Modeling: Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis

This book introduces the Process for Attack Simulation & Threat Analysis (PASTA) threat modeling methodology. It provides an introduction to various types of application threat modeling and introduces a risk-centric methodology aimed at applying security countermeasures that are commensurate to the possible impact that could be sustained from defined threat models, vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and attack patterns. This book describes how to apply application threat modeling as an advanced preventive form of security. The authors discuss the methodologies, tools, and case studies of successful application threat modeling techniques. Chapter 1 provides an overview of threat modeling, while Chapter 2 describes the objectives and benefits of threat modeling. Chapter 3 focuses on existing threat modeling approaches, and Chapter 4 discusses integrating threat modeling within the different types of Software Development Lifecycles (SDLCs). Threat modeling and risk management is the focus of Chapter 5. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 examine Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis (PASTA). Finally, Chapter 8 shows how to use the PASTA risk-centric threat modeling process to analyze the risks of specific threat agents targeting web applications. This chapter focuses specifically on the web application assets that include customer's confidential data and business critical functionality that the web application provides. * Provides a detailed walkthrough of the PASTA methodology alongside software development activities, normally conducted via a standard SDLC process * Offers precise steps to take when combating threats to businesses * Examines real-life data breach incidents and lessons for risk management Risk Centric Threat Modeling: Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis is a resource for software developers, architects, technical risk managers, and seasoned security professionals.
Self-Leadership and Leisure Management of Sports Science Students in the Online Education Process

The aim of this research is to examine the self-leadership and leisure management of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences in the online education process. The sample group of the research is formed from the students studying in different departments of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, in the 2020-2021 academic year, a total of 195 students, including 97 female and 98 male. As a data collection tool, "Self-Leadership Scale", "Leisure Management Scale" and "Personal Information Form" consisting of demographic variables were used in the research. In the data analysis, descriptive statistical methods, t test from independent samples, and one-way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) were used. In addition, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to determine the subdimensions of the relevant scales and correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the scales. In line with the findings of the study, it was determined that the self-leadership levels of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences during the online education process were close to perfect, and the levels of leisure management were close to good. In some subdimensions of the relevant scales; a significant difference according to gender, age and department variables has been found. A low-level meaningful relationship between self-leadership and leisure management has also been found. As a result of the research, it was determined that the Faculty of Sports Sciences students with formal education experience had a better level of self-leadership and leisure management than the students who participated directly in the educational process online.
FPGA-based 2D addressing mode in programmed matrix PWM for multilevel inverter control

Abstrac t. Conventionally, control signals fed to the PWM inverters are produced by electronic hardware or microprocessor. The cost and complexity of hardware implementation are considerable and control algorithms differ for PWM for different levels and topologies is proposed. On-line computation in the microprocessor approach is laborious and time-consuming. These two approaches seem impractical when they are applied to PWM multilevel inverter control. In this paper, programmed matrix PWM based on two dimensional addressing modes for FPGA memories can solve the problems mentioned above and provides easy, fast and steady control. Experimental results are carried out to confirm the high performance of the proposed embedded PWM. Streszczenie
Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-Component Training and Walking Exercise on Health Status in Independent Older Women: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD & Aging Project)

Simple Summary The benefits of regular physical activity on various health variables in older people have been extensively reported in scientific evidence. Resistance training, multi-component training, and walking exercise are the most commonly used physical activity interventions in older people, while interventions with adapted taekwondo are less common but have similar results to the strategies mentioned above. As a result, this study protocol aims to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program with respect to multi-component training and walking exercise on health status in independent older women. Secondarily, we analyze the variability of the inter-individual response and compare it according to the designated training system. According to the current scientific evidence we expect that adapted taekwondo will produce more significant effects and greater inter-individual responses in cognitive status, brain activity, health-related quality of life, and postural balance than the other training methods. If this intervention proves effective, it could be an alternative for older women. Abstract This study protocol aims to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program with respect to multi-component training and walking exercise on health status in independent older women. Secondarily, we analyze the variability of the inter-individual response and compare it according to the designated training system. The sample will consist of 64 women between 60 and 65 years, randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n = 16; adapted taekwondo), experimental group 2 (n = 16; multi-component training), experimental group 3 (n = 16, walking exercise) or control group (n = 16; no intervention). The experimental groups will perform the designated training for three sessions (60 min per session) per week over 16-weeks, while the control group will not receive any treatment. The main outcome will provide information about (i) blood pressure, (ii) lipid profile, (iii) frequency of food consumption, (iv) body composition, (v) cognitive status, (vi) brain activity, (vii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (viii) physical-functional fitness. Our hypothesis indicates that adapted taekwondo produces more significant effects and greater inter-individual responses in cognitive status, brain activity, HRQoL, and postural balance than the others training methods. If this intervention proves effective, it could be an alternative for older women.
Empirical Evidence on Enhanced Mutation Rates of 19 RM-YSTRs for Differentiating Paternal Lineages

Rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (RM Y STRs) with mutation rates ≥ 10−2 per locus per generation are valuable for differentiating amongst male paternal relatives where standard Y STRs with mutation rates of ≤10−3 per locus per generation may not. Although the 13 RM Y STRs commonly found in commercial assays provide higher levels of paternal lineage differentiation than conventional Y STRs, there are many male paternal relatives that still cannot be differentiated. This can be improved by increasing the number of Y STRs or choosing those with high mutation rates. We present a RM Y STR multiplex comprising 19 loci with high mutation rates and its developmental validation (repeatability, sensitivity and male specificity). The multiplex was found to be robust, reproducible, specific and sensitive enough to generate DNA profiles from samples with inhibitors. It was also able to detect all contributor alleles of mixtures in ratios up to 9:1. We provide preliminary evidence for the ability of the multiplex to discriminate between male paternal relatives by analyzing large numbers of male relative pairs (536) separated by one to seven meioses. A total of 96 mutations were observed in 162 meioses of father–son pairs, and other closely related male pairs were able to be differentiated after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 meiosis in 44%, 69%, 68%, 85%, 0%, 100% and 100% of cases, respectively. The multiplex offers a noticeable enhancement in the ability to differentiate paternally related males compared with the 13 RM Y STR set. We envision the future application of our 19 RM Yplex in criminal cases for the exclusion of male relatives possessing matching standard Y STR profiles and in familial searching with unknown suspects. It represents a step towards the complete individualization of closely related males.
An SDN-Based Moving Target Defense as a Countermeasure to Prevent Network Scans

SUMMARY This paper proposes a Software-Deﬁned Network (SDN)- based Moving Target Defense (MTD) to protect the network from potential scans in a compromised network. As a unique feature, contrary to tradi- tional MTDs, the proposed MTD can work alongside other tools and countermeasures already deployed in the network (e.g., Intrusion Protection and Detection Systems) without aﬀecting its behavior. Through extensive evaluation, we showed the eﬀectiveness of the proposed mechanism compared to existing solutions in preventing scans of diﬀerent rates without aﬀecting the network and controller performance.
Investigating the Differential Effects of Early Child Care and Education in Reducing Gender and Racial Academic Achievement Gaps From Kindergarten to 8th Grade

We used the generalized propensity score method to estimate the differential effects of five Early Child Care and Education (ECCE) experiences (Prekindergarten, Head Start, Center-based Child Care, Home-based Child Care, and Parental Care) in reducing math and reading achievement gaps between boys versus girls, Latinx versus Whites, and Blacks versus Whites. Findings revealed differential effects of ECCE in reducing gender and racial achievement gaps. However, results indicated that significant gender and racial gaps still exist despite ECCE experiences and that these gaps widen throughout the elementary and middle school years.
Prospects of Integrating Transdisciplinarity and Systems Thinking in the Historical Framework of Various Socio-Cultural Contexts

During the 20th century, science generally advanced within a dual ideological context of capitalism and socialism. In capitalism, development of science has been of an evolutionary nature. However, it had been developing according to a revolutionary pattern within the framework of socialism. These two opposing ideologies were expected to achieve different scientific developments. By the early 21st century, however, it was clear that these ideological differences did not significantly influence the overall evolution of science. Moreover, modern science continues to advance steadily toward greater development of general systems theory and transdisciplinarity. By integrating these ideas into one meta-discipline (systems transdisciplinarity) it is possible to finalize the unification and generalization of disciplinary knowledge and scientific worldviews. Consequently, systems transdisciplinarity that seamlessly combines the advantages of academic and systems approaches has every chance of becoming an effective tool to address today’s wicked problems.
Estimation of Optical Access Network Bandwidth Demand Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Continuous forecast of bandwidth demand in order to achieve a proper network planning and dimensioning is one of the key challenges that network operators need to deal with. The importance of this issue is highlighted with the necessity of proper decision making regarding capital investments and the permanent increase in traffic volume. Under-investing in network resources lead to low network performances and hence dissatisfied customers, while over-investing may cause over-dimensioned capacities which leads to lower resource utilization and opportunity losses. In that perspective, it is essential to determine whether current network capacities satisfy bandwidth requirements. If it does, determining relevant time period is of great significance. As the bandwidth demand increases by the development of new services, the existing broadband networks need to be upgraded. The growing bottleneck can be solved rolling out optical access network. These networks are characterized by greater bandwidth supply enhancement compared to bandwidth demand. That fact emphasizes the need of appropriate bandwidth forecast. This paper presents model for optical access networks future bandwidth demand and network resource utilisation estimation. In order to appropriately address valid demand of all households in a given area, Monte Carlo simulation is applied.
Experimental Study of Measuring the Wrinkle of Solar Sails

Conducting a wrinkling analysis for a membrane structure of complex boundary conditions is quite difficult. This paper develops a numerical calculation method for completing a wrinkling analysis of a square membrane structure and a trapezoidal membrane structure with static corner forces. Furthermore, an experimental system for measuring the wrinkle is designed and established to verify the correctness of the method. The difference between simulation analysis results and experimental results is quite small for small corner forces, which means the method used for the wrinkling analysis under small loads is effective.
A General Math Anxiety Measure

Math anxiety is a psychological burden that can hinder individuals across their lifetimes. However, the current literature lacks a valid measure of math anxiety that can be used across instructional modalities and among non-student populations. As such, it is difficult to assess math anxiety in virtual learning environments, track math anxiety across lifetimes, or determine the utility of math anxiety inoculations for non-student populations. This study presents a validity portfolio for a generalized math anxiety measure that can be used across teaching modalities, across lifetimes, and is simple enough to be used cross-culturally. The measure yielded evidence of validity when used in all tested samples: the United States (student and non-student samples), New Zealand (student and non-student samples), Kyrgyzstan (non-student sample), Turkey (non-student sample), Russia (non-student sample), and Thailand (non-student sample). The data support the use of the new math anxiety measure free of context.
Detection and analysis of transfer time in urban rail transit system using WIFI data

ABSTRACT This study presents a comprehensive framework for estimating passengers' transfer times and extracting their distribution and related transfer routes using WIFI probe data. The departure time of preceding station, arrival time of subsequent station, and train running time are selected to obtain transfer times. Then, the collected data is analyzed using kernel density estimation to obtain candidate distribution. Gaussian mixture models are adopted to extract the distribution of each possible transfer route at both peak hours and off-peak hours. This method is tested at two transfer stations of Xi’an metro system with the comparison of results from automatic fare collection data and manual sampling survey data. The results indicate that the proposed approach can collect the transfer time with a sampling ratio greater than 30% and a deviation less than 5%. The route choice behaviors and distribution of transfer time under various conditions can be identified using the proposed methods.
GC-MS, Phytochemical Analysis and In Silico Approaches of a Medicinal Plant Acalypha indica

The goal of this study is to look into the preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analyses of a methanol extract of the leaves of Acalypha indica. Alkaloids, tannins, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic substances are found in leaf extract after phytochemical analysis. A. indica is a plant that grows in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It has medicinal characteristics and is used as a diuretic, anthelmintic, and respiratory disorders like bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia. The present work is designed to investigate GC-MS. Thirty compounds are found in the leaf extract. The structure-based biological activities study supported the Pass online database findings from the current study support that the use of this plant compound responsible for the anticancer activity is based on structure-based drug development. Based on in-silico results, it was shown that the interactions of hydrogen bonds, binding affinity with JAK2 kinase inhibitors, tumor suppressor proteins pRB Retinoblastoma protein, and COX-2 target proteins were compared with known values. It can be considered an increase in the possibility of conniving potential anticancer drugs as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Dynamic Regulation of Transporter Expression to Increase L-Threonine Production Using L-Threonine Biosensors

The cytotoxicity of overexpressed transporters limits their application in biochemical production. To overcome this problem, we developed a feedback circuit for L-threonine production that uses a biosensor to regulate transporter expression. First, we used IPTG-induced rhtA regulation, L-threonine exporter, to simulate dynamic regulation for improving L-threonine production, and the results show that it had significant advantages compared with the constitutive overexpression of rhtA. To further construct a feedback circuit for rhtA auto-regulation, three L-threonine sensing promoters, PcysJ, PcysD, and PcysJH, were characterized with gradually decreasing strength. The dynamic expression of rhtA with a threonine-activated promoter considerably increased L-threonine production (21.19 g/L) beyond that attainable by the constitutive expression of rhtA (8.55 g/L). Finally, the autoregulation method was used in regulating rhtB and rhtC to improve L-threonine production and achieve a high titer of 26.78 g/L (a 161.01% increase), a yield of 0.627 g/g glucose, and a productivity of 0.743 g/L/h in shake-flask fermentation. This study analyzed in detail the influence of dynamic regulation and the constitutive expression of transporters on L-threonine production. For the first time, we confirmed that dynamically regulating transporter levels can efficiently promote L-threonine production by using the end-product biosensor.