Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial anticipatory attentional bias for threat: Reliable individual differences with RT-based online measurement

Cues that predict the future location of emotional stimuli may evoke an anticipatory form of automatic attentional bias. The reliability of this bias towards threat is uncertain: experimental design may need to be optimized or individual differences may simply be relatively noisy in the general population. The current study therefore aimed to determine the split-half reliability of the bias, in a design with fewer factors and more trials than in previous work. A sample of 63 participants was used for analysis, who performed the cued Visual Probe Task online, which aims to measure an anticipatory attentional bias. The overall bias towards threat was tested and split-half reliability was calculated over even and odd blocks. Results showed a significant bias towards threat and a reliability of around 0.7. The results support systematic individual differences in anticipatory attentional bias and demonstrate that RT-based bias scores, with online data collection, can be reliable.
Scientific Report of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on “Food as a possible source of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses for humans and other mammals”

This comprehensive background document makes a scientific analysis of the possibility that food, acting as a vehicle for highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) virus, initiates infection in mammals via the gastrointestinal tract. The paper examines in detail existing pathogenic data on AI virus infection following natural exposure and experimental inoculation in mammals. The focus is placed on virus-host interactions of H5N1 infection.
DEA, SAMHSA relax OTP/OBOT regulations due to COVID‐19

Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) that dispense methadone got a fast and clear reprieve from federal authorities last week in the face of COVID‐19. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued policies that give OTPs flexibility in take‐homes, limiting the frequency of face‐to‐face contact and opportunities for transmission of COVID‐19. There is also greater flexibility for office‐based opioid treatment (OBOT) with buprenorphine.
Magnetic targeted near-infrared II PA/MR imaging guided photothermal therapy to trigger cancer immunotherapy

Rationale: Photothermal therapy (PTT) alone is easy to cause cancer recurrence and fail to completely resist metastasis, yet recurrence and metastasis are two major difficulties in cancer treatment. Titanium disulfide (TiS2) nanosheet anchored iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) with strong absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window and excellent magnetic properties is developed as therapeutic agent for NIR-II photoacoustic (PA) imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guided NIR-II PTT triggered immunotherapy. Methods: The TiS2 nanosheets were prepared through a modified colloidal chemistry approach, and TSIO nanoagents were prepared by using a one pot self-assembly technique. The magnetic targeting capability of TSIO nanoagents were monitored by NIR-II PA, MR and thermal imaging in vivo. The NIR-II PTT combined with immunotherapy effect was investigated in mouse breast cancer tumor-bearing mice. Results: The TSIO nanoplatform showed enhanced tumor accumulation when a magnetic field was applied and had the ability to real time monitor the treatment process via dual NIR-II PA and MR imaging. In addition, the magnetic targeted NIR-II PA/MR imaging guided PTT provides an effective way to reverse the immunosuppression inside a tumor and to cooperate with immunotherapy to improve therapeutic outcome of the primary, distal and metastatic tumors.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Obese Diabetic Rats Promotes Autophagy to Improve Lipid Metabolism through mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Pathway

Purpose To investigate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on markers of liver mitochondrial dynamics and find new therapeutic basis on obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods. Thirty-two rats were divided into nondiabetic group, diabetic group, sham group, and RYGB group. The Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to detect short-term curriculum vitae for rat body component and fat and lean mass. Hepatic lipid content and triglyceride levels were detected by Oil Red O staining. Western blotting was used to examine autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin/P70S6 kinase (mTOR/p70S6K) pathway-related proteins. The carbon dioxide production from the oxidation of [14C] oleate was measured. Plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase assay. The insulin and C-peptide were detected. Triacylglyceride (TG) and free fat acid (FFA) in plasma were determined by enzymatic colorimetric assays. Results RYGB improved metabolic parameters and enhanced plasma GLP-1 level, ameliorated the lipopexia, and increased insulin sensitivity in the liver; RYGB promoted the hepatic autophagy and inhibited the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. GLP-1 reduced fat load and increased fatty acid β-oxidation by activated autophagy to regulate the hepatic lipid pathway through mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Conclusions RYGB may reduce liver lipid toxicity and improve insulin sensitivity through activating the hepatic fat hydrolysis pathway and inhibiting the liver fat synthesis pathway. However, the transport pathway of liver fat does not play a key role.
Reasons for Nonadherence to Statins – A Systematic Review of Reviews

Purpose Lipid-lowering medications are often prescribed to decrease the risk of micro- and macro-cardiovascular complications related to dyslipidaemia. Despite widespread prescription of lipid-lowering drugs, including statins, adherence to therapy is a challenge worldwide. This systematic review of reviews aimed to conduct a critical appraisal and synthesis of review findings and to provide an overview of the factors that were found to affect adherence to lipid-lowering drugs, focusing on statins, in the reviews. Patients and Methods A systematic review methodology was used. MEDLINE, Embase, and Epistemonikos databases were searched for relevant publications. AMSTAR 2 criteria were used to assess the quality of the selected publications. Results From a total of 763 screened publications, 9 met all inclusion criteria and were included in this synthesis. Several factors were identified as being associated with adherence to lipid-lowering agents. Among them, high socio-economic and educational position, and middle age had a positive effect on adherence to lipid-lowering agents. Contrary, female sex, older and younger age, non-white race, low socio-economic position, high co-payments, being a new statin user, comorbidities, side effects, regimen complexity, type and intensity of statin dose, smoking, alcohol consumption, imperceptible benefits, and medical distrust contributed to non-adherence. The overall quality of the included reviews was considered critically low to moderate. Conclusion This review of reviews has evaluated the impact of factors on adherence statins. Further research related to modifiable predictors for non-adherence is warranted.
Occupational therapy in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Background. While occupational therapy’s inception was from the Arts and Crafts movement and the moral treatment movement with war veterans, the profession has evolved to requiring a professional entry-level master’s degree to practice, and involves complex relationships with clients across the life span. Throughout history, a consistent impact of each industrial revolution has been the loss of jobs to automation. This consequence is even more profound today with the exponential growth of innovations and automation. Purpose. The objectives of this article are to (a) set the context by reviewing the evolution, or five eras, of occupational therapy in Canada; (b) present what is meant by the “Fourth Industrial Revolution”; and (c) examine the technological innovations faced by occupational therapists and our clients as we enter the “sixth” era of occupational therapy in Canada. Key Issues. Although occupational therapy, as a profession, has low risk for automation, a great number of our clients will not be able to reskill fast enough to keep up with job market requirements. Telerehabilitation, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, 3-D printing, robotics, artificial intelligence, and autonomous vehicles are challenging ways occupational therapists provide services to clients. Implications. It is recommended that occupational therapists engage with disciplines beyond current typical connections, as our expertise is called upon to advocate for ourselves and our clients who are end users of these technologies.
Theranostic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Bringing Healing Light to the Lumen

Current conventional endoscopes have restricted the accuracy of treatment delivery and monitoring. Over the past decade, there have been major developments in nanotechnology and light triggered therapy, potentially allowing a better detection of challenging lesions and targeted treatment of malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract. Theranostics is a developing form of personalized medicine because it combines diagnosis and targeted treatment delivered in one step using advances in nanotechnology. This review describes the light-triggered therapies (including photodynamic, photothermal, and photoimmunotherapies), nanotechnological advances with nanopowder, nanostent, nanogels, and nanoparticles, enhancements brought to endoscopic ultrasound, in addition to experimental endoscopic techniques, combining both enhanced diagnoses and therapies, including a developed prototype of a “smart” multifunctional endoscope for localized colorectal cancer, near-infrared laser endoscope targeting the gastrointestinal stromal tumors, the concept of endocapsule for obscure gastrointestinal bleed, and a proof-of-concept therapeutic capsule using ultrasound-mediated targeted drug delivery. Hence, the following term has been proposed encompassing these technologies: “Theranostic gastrointestinal endoscopy. ” Future efforts for integration of these technologies into clinical practice would be directed toward translational and clinical trials translating into a more personalized and interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment, shorter procedural time, higher precision, higher cost-effectiveness, and less need for repetitive procedures.
Patient Attitudes to Routine Cognitive Testing in Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Aim In recent years, cognitive dysfunction (CD) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has received increased attention. Neuropsychological tests have been developed allowing to monitor changes in patients’ cognitive functions. Knowledge is lacking, however, about patients’ attitudes towards introducing routine cognitive testing. It was the aim of this qualitative study to explore this. Materials and Methods Based on a literature study, semi-structured interview guides were designed and used in qualitative interviews with 12 Danish patients. Participants were selected to represent different perspectives on CD and included patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), women and men with varying time since diagnosis and cognitive test scores using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The data were analysed using a constructivist approach in order to identify significant relations between the quality of life (QoL) impact of CD, and attitudes towards routine cognitive testing. Results Most participants reported several subtypes of CD, yet objective CD did not coincide with subjective CD nor did it translate directly into poorer QoL. Overall, CD appeared to have larger impact on the QoL of patients with RRMS and higher SDMT scores, compared to patients with SPMS and lower SDMT scores. The QoL impact of CD manifested itself in the encounter between individual symptoms, expectations, coping and meaningful activities. All patients supported an introduction of routine cognitive testing, but patients with RRMS and SPMS had different main reasons to do so. These were related to supporting research, optimising treatment decisions, and providing documentation of this invisible MS symptom. Conclusion All aspects of MS patients’ QoL may be affected by CD. Introducing routine cognitive testing was widely supported by patients in all phases of MS calling for comprehensive care taking both physical and cognitive difficulties into account.
Citation classics in general medical journals: assessing the quality of evidence; a systematic review

Aim: This review provides a comprehensive overview of more than 100 of the most cited studies in general medical journals and evaluates whether citations predict the quality of a scientific article. Background: The number of citations is commonly used as a measure of the quality and impact of a scientific article. However, it is often criticised that the number of citations is in fact a poor indicator of the true quality, as it can be influenced by different factors such as current trends. Methods: This review was conducted in line with the PRISMA guidelines. The Journal Citation Report (JCR) within Incites allowed the evaluation and comparison of articles, published in general medical journals, using far-reaching citation data drawn from scholarly and technical journals and conference proceedings. All steps of the review were performed in duplicate and conflicts were resolved through consensus. Results: The 100 most cited articles published from 1963 until the end of 2018 were identified. The number of citations ranged from 4012 to 31853. Most of the articles were published in the 2000’s, followed by the 1990’s, 1980’s, 1970’s and 1960’s, respectively. All of the articles were published in five journals. There were 50 studies at level II, 28 at level V, 10 at level IV, 7 at level III, and 5 at Level I. Conclusion: This systematic review provides an overview of the most cited articles, published in general medical journals. The number of citations provides an indication of the quality of evidence. However, researchers and clinicians should use standardized assessment tools rather than solely rely on the number of citations in order to judge the quality of published articles.
3D approaches to model the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer

In tumor engineering, 3D approaches are used to model components of the tumor microenvironment and to test new treatments. Pancreatic cancers are a cancer of substantial unmet need and survival rates are lower compared to any other cancer. Bioengineering techniques are increasingly applied to understand the unique biology of pancreatic tumors and to design patient-specific models. Here we summarize how extracellular and cellular elements of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and their interactions have been studied in 3D cell cultures. We review selected clinical trials, assess the benefits of therapies interfering with the tumor microenvironment and address their limitations and future perspectives.
Spectacle Independence for Pseudophakic Patients – Experience with a Trifocal Supplementary Add-on Intraocular Lens

Purpose To evaluate the refractive and functional outcomes of the trifocal 1stQ AddOn® (Medicontur) supplementary intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed for implantation into the ciliary sulcus. Patients and Methods The study included 18 eyes of 11 pseudophakic patients with uncomplicated previous implantation of monofocal capsular bag IOLs. These patients had a desire for spectacle independence. Distance, intermediate and near visual acuities were measured, and defocus curves were plotted over a period of 6 months following implantation of the add-on IOLs. Intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density measurements and biomicroscopic evaluation were also performed. Results In this study, 83.3% of eyes had spherical refractions within ±0.5 D from emetropia and 100% of eyes had spherical equivalent refractions that were within ±1.0 D of the target refraction. Visual acuities and defocus curves clearly confirmed trifocal optical performance (UDVA=0.03 ±0.05; UIVA=0.21 ±0.04; UNVA=0.12 ±0.04 logMAR; expressed as mean ±SD). Depth of focus showed identical results (DOF=0.486 D) compared to a trifocal capsular bag IOL, while the defocus curve was found to be superior in the intermediate and near ranges when compared to a trifocal capsular bag IOL. All patients achieved spectacle independence at all distances. All add-on IOLs were well positioned in the ciliary sulcus. No negative changes were noted in connection with endothelial cell counts, IOPs, the angle structure during surgery and during the follow-up period. Conclusion The supplementary trifocal add-on IOL seems to be a safe, efficient and stable solution for achieving spectacle independence in pseudophakic patients with monofocal primary IOLs.
An OpenCL Implementation of an Image Filter on FPGA

FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Array) may offer higher performance than CPU architectures. Hardware Description Languages (HDL), such as VHDL and Verilog, which are traditionally used to program FPGAs, are known as hard to learn, to use, and to debug. Optionally, High Level Synthesis (HLS), such as OpenCL, allows developers to focus on the design of functions following a high-level software development flow, makes it easier to program FPGAs. This paper implements an image filter in the frequency domain on an FPGA board by using OpenCL, making the FPGA board an accelerator device to the host PC. The experiment results show that the filter implemented on the FPGA device can be optimized by pipelining the signal processing tasks onto the FPGA and reduce the I/O requirements between host PC and FPGA. The optimized FPGA implementation has higher performance than the image filter totally implemented on CPU.
STNDN: Link Aware Segmented Transmission for Named Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is a promising implementation of information centric networking (ICN), which is based on a publish/subscribe model. In NDN, when an interest packet containing the name of requested content is sent to network, the corresponding data chunk will be returned from a content server or an intermediate router that stores a copy of the content. In order to avoid interest flooding, chunk size usually cannot be set too small and larger chunk will be divided into multiple smaller fragments in transmission. However, in existing NDN designs, the fragmentation, aggregation, and acknowledgment of chunks need to be performed at each hop, which brings huge processing delay. In this paper, we propose a segmented transmission scheme for NDN (STNDN) to address this problem. In STNDN, each fragment of chunk can be independently routed, and chunks will only be aggregated at some selected nodes along the transmission path. We also consider the impact of link state instability. Specifically, w e a ggregate c hunks a t the u pstream of each poor link to avoid retransmissions across multiple hops on these links, thus improving the robustness of STNDN. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of STNDN through experiments in ndnSIM simulator. Compared with other two solutions, NDNLP and FFRD, STNDN has significantly improved both the reliability and efficiency of transmission.
Beamforming Design for Uplink Multi-cell MIMO-NOMA Systems

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the key technologies for the next generation network to meet the requirements of high data rate and huge capacity. This paper investigates the beamforming design for multi-cell multiple input multiple output NOMA (MIMO-NOMA) systems. A beamforming scheme with closed-form expression is proposed to maximize the weighted sum-rate while ensuring individual data rate requirements of users. In this scheme, we first formulate the beamfoming design as a weighted sum-rate maximization problem. To make the non-convex problem tractable, we introduce a two-step transformation based on multi-dimensional Lagrange dual transformation and multidimensional quadratic transformation. Finally, we propose an iteration algorithm to get the optimal beamforming. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm for uplink MIMO-NOMA outperforms the comparable schemes such as fixed beamforming scheme and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Traffic Offloading Scheme for Vehicular Networks

With the emergence of pervasive mobile devices, mobile cloud computing cannot fully meet the user demands, which promotes the birth of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Tasks could be offloaded to the MEC servers when the ability of mobile devices to process data does not satisfy its own needs. With the introduction of 5G and the development of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the data generated by vehicles and passengers would require more computing tasks. In this paper, we use the deep reinforcement learning based method to offload the computation tasks by MEC. The evaluation of single user mobile edge offloading is first implemented, and then two deep reinforcement learning based algorithms are compared and analyzed. Then the comparison experiments are extended to the multi-user situation. After that, the suitable learning rates of computation offloading for IoV in MEC using deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm can be found. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the designed offloading scheme.
OFDM with Index Modulation for UAV Communication Systems

In this paper, we investigate the transmission issue of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) communication systems using OFDM with index modulation, which is called OFDM-IM and the information is conveyed not only by M-ary signal constellations as in classical OFDM, but also by the indices of the activated subcarriers. We give the OFDM-IM framework and the transceiver model of the UAV communication system, investigate the system implementation scheme from several aspects such as index selection, LLR detection, channel estimation and equalization, etc. The performance of the spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency and bit error rate(BER) are analyzed according to different conditions and simulation parameters. It is shown that, due to the use of OFDM-IM, the UAV communication systems achieve higher spectral efficiency, higher energy efficiency and lower BER than those of classical OFDM when the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is greater than 11dB.