Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Effective Approach of Points-To Analysis

Aim at the potential that the time efficiency of the technology of Cycle elimination for invocation graph-based context-sensitive pointer analysis can be improved. Through using wave and deep propagation method, which is the state-of-the-art techniques of Inclusion Based Pointer Analysis on-line optimization Technology, to optimize the technology of cycle elimination for invocation graph-based context-sensitive pointer analysis, and then puts forward a context-sensitive wave and deep propagation algorithm. First, introduces the definition and initialization of new constraint graph; secondly, through an example to describe the context-sensitive wave and deep propagation, which can accurately and efficiently realize context-sensitive pointer analysis; finally, use the CIL tool for experiment, the experimental results show that these new algorithms save about 9s or 10s when the original technology and the new algorithm are all analyzing the same large scale program.
Role of the C2 articular branches in occipital headache: An anatomical study

One of the most important structures involved in the pathogenesis of occipital headache is the lateral atlanto‐axial joint. Previous studies demonstrated that injection of this joint with local anesthetic can alleviate occipital headache, while injection of contrast medium exacerbates it. The aim of our study is to improve the understanding of the nerve supply to the lateral atlanto‐axial joint by the C2 nerve elements, in order to determine the optimal target for an anesthetic block of this area. Ten C2 spinal nerves and roots were dissected in five embalmed cadavers with the aid of a 40× microscope and the lateral atlanto‐axial joint was shown to be extensively supplied by articular branches of C2 nerve elements (dorsal ganglion, spinal nerve, and ventral ramus). Following our observations on their distribution, we propose a target for local anesthetic injection of the C2 articular branches that is based on reliable landmarks and is easily identifiable at fluoroscopy. We suggest that local anesthetic injection at this target point could be of benefit in the relief of occipital pain due to cervical trauma or degenerative disease involving the lateral atlanto‐axial joint. Clin. Anat. 19:497–502, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Integrin β4 Expression in Human Breast Cancer: Association with Basal-like Tumors and Prognostic Significance

Purpose: The β4 integrin has been implicated in functions associated with the genesis and progression of carcinomas based on data obtained from cell lines and mouse models. Data on its expression and relevance to human carcinomas, however, are relatively scant. The aim of this study was to assess its expression and prognostic significance in human breast carcinomas. Experimental Design: We integrated data on β4 expression from multiple gene profiling studies of breast tumors of known clinical outcome with immunohistochemical analysis of 105 breast carcinomas, and we identified genes whose expression correlates with that of β4. Results: The expression of both β4 mRNA and protein is not homogeneous in breast cancer and it associates most significantly with the “basal-like” subtype of breast tumors (P = 0.008). No association between β4 and HER2 expression was evident from either gene profiling or immunohistochemical analysis. To gain insight into the relevance of β4 expression to human breast carcinomas, we generated a 65-gene “β4 signature” based on integration of four published gene profiling studies that included the top 0.1% of genes that correlated with β4, either positively or negatively. This β4 signature predicted decreased time to tumor recurrence and survival of patients when applied to four data sets including two independent ones. Conclusions: These observations indicate that β4 expression in human breast cancer is restricted and associated with basal-like cancers, and they support the hypothesis that β4 may function in concert with a discrete set of proteins to facilitate the aggressive behavior of a subset of tumors.
A Web-Based Support Environment for Software Engineering Experiments

The software engineering communities frequently propose new software engineering technologies, such as new development techniques, programming languages and tools, without rigorous scientific evaluation. One way to evaluate software engineering technologies is through controlled experiments where the effects of the technology can be isolated from confounding factors, i.e., establishing cause-effect relationships. For practical and financial reasons, however, such experiments are often quite unrealistic, typically involving students in a class-room environment solving small pen-and-paper tasks. A common criticism of the results of the experiments is their lack of external validity, i.e., that the results are not valid outside the experimental conditions. To increase the external validity of the experimental results, the experiments need to be more realistic. The realism can be increased using professional developers as subjects who conduct larger experimental tasks in their normal work environment. However, the logistics involved in running such experiments are tremendous. More specifically, the experimental materials (e.g., questionnaires, task descriptions, code and tools) must be distributed to each programmer, the progress of the experiment needs to be controlled and monitored, and the results of the experiment need to be collected and analyzed. To support this logistics for large-scale, controlled experiments, we have developed a web-based experiment support environment called SESE. This paper describes SESE, its development and the experiences from using it to conduct a large controlled experiment in industry.
Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles and ethyl acetate’s metabolites of the potent halophilic (marine) bacterium, Bacillus cereus A30 on multidrug resistant bacteria

Abstract Bacteria are generally responsible for the prevalence of several diseases and pathogenic bacteria are showing increasing resistance to different antibacterials. During the present study an extremophilic bacterium-A30 isolated from the marine waters was characterized and evaluated against four multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, viz; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sensitivity pattern of the selected pathogens was tested with 31 antibiotics. Among the 47 marine microbial extracts tested on 4-MDR pathogens viz: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, only our strain A30 strain exhibited highest efficacy. This strain was subsequently subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing which confirmed its allocation as Bacillus cereus. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) synthesis and ethyl acetate extraction were performed using the supernatant of B. cereus. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible, Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Zeta potential analyses. The presence of functional groups and 13 bioactive components in the ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using FT-IR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The synthesized of AgNPs and the ethyl acetate extract showed preponderant activity against P. aeruginosa and MRSA, respectively. The effects of AgNPs were significant when compared to ethyl acetate extract. Therefore, the halophilic bacterium, B. cereus mediated AgNPs could provide antibacterial applications in the biomedical industries.
Media consumption across platforms: Identifying user-defined repertoires

New media have made available a wide range of platforms and content choices. However, audiences cope with abundant choices by using more narrowly defined repertoires. Unfortunately, we know little of how users create repertoires across media platforms. This study uses factor analysis to identify user-defined repertoires from data obtained by following 495 users throughout an entire day. Results indicate the presence of four repertoires that are powerfully tied to the rhythms of people’s daily lives. These were in turn explained by a combination of factors such as audience availability and individual demographics.
The Benefits of Controlled Experimentation at Scale

Online controlled experiments (for example A/B tests) are increasingly being performed to guide product development and accelerate innovation in online software product companies. The benefits of controlled experiments have been shown in many cases with incremental product improvement as the objective. In this paper, we demonstrate that the value of controlled experimentation at scale extends beyond this recognized scenario. Based on an exhaustive and collaborative case study in a large software-intensive company with highly developed experimentation culture, we inductively derive the benefits of controlled experimentation. The contribution of our paper is twofold. First, we present a comprehensive list of benefits and illustrate our findings with five case examples of controlled experiments conducted at Microsoft. Second, we provide guidance on how to achieve each of the benefits. With our work, we aim to provide practitioners in the online domain with knowledge on how to use controlled experimentation to maximize the benefits on the portfolio, product and team level.
Impact of the magnetic coupling in a quadruple-star permanent magnet synchronous machine with segmented stator windings

The increase of the phase number of an electric drive is an efficient possibility to enhance its fault tolerance. But not every type of machine is equally suitable for this step. In this work, a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with double-layer concentrated windings and modular phase arrangement is proposed for a fault tolerant drive. The coils of the PMSM are interconnected as four three-phase winding sets. For an increased redundancy, a decentralized control is used for each winding set. The sets are electrically isolated but magnetically heavily coupled. The coupling between the phases is not symmetrical due to structural properties and the chosen interconnection of the windings. For that reason, an operation of the sets under different loads causes additional harmonics in the currents and the torque. A simple machine model is presented, which allows an analysis of this problem. Moreover, an experimental study was carried out to test the impact of the asymmetric coupling. It is shown, that a controller with higher bandwidth is able to damp harmonics in the torque in case of an asymmetric excitation of the PMSM.
Baculovirus VP80 Protein and the F-Actin Cytoskeleton Interact and Connect the Viral Replication Factory with the Nuclear Periphery

ABSTRACT Recently, we showed that the Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) VP80 protein is essential for the formation of both virion types, budded virus (BV) and occlusion-derived virus (ODV). Deletion of the vp80 gene did not affect assembly of nucleocapsids. However, these nucleocapsids were not able to migrate from the virogenic stroma to the nuclear periphery. In the current paper, we constructed a baculovirus recombinant with enhanced-green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged VP80, allowing visualization of the VP80 distribution pattern during infection. In baculovirus-infected cells, the EGFP-VP80 protein is entirely localized in nuclei, adjacent to the virus-triggered F-actin scaffold that forms a highly organized three-dimensional network connecting the virogenic stroma physically with the nuclear envelope. Interaction between VP80 and host actin was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. We further showed that VP80 is associated with the nucleocapsid fraction of both BVs and ODVs, typically at one end of the nucleocapsids. In addition, the presence of sequence motifs with homology to invertebrate paramyosin proteins strongly supports a role for VP80 in the polar transport of nucleocapsids to the periphery of the nucleus on their way to the plasma membrane to form BVs and for assembly in the nuclear periphery to form ODVs for embedding in viral occlusion bodies.
Liquidity, Style Investing, and Excess Comovement of Exchange-Traded Fund Returns

This study shows that exchange-traded fund (ETF) misvaluation – based on return differentials between ETFs and their net asset values (NAV) – comove excessively across ETFs. Excess comovements are positive (negative) and significant across ETFs in similar (distant) investment styles. Further tests based on return reversals suggest that misvaluation stems primarily from the ETF, rather than the NAV price. Excess comovements are greater for funds with high commonality in demand shocks and attractive liquidity characteristics. These findings are consistent with the idea that the high liquidity of ETFs attracts a clientele of short-horizon noise traders with correlated demand for investment styles.
The effects of finasteride (Proscar) on hair growth, hair cycle stage, and serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in adult male and female stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides).

Finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, was administered orally (1 mg/kg.day) for 6 months to six male and five female stumptail macaques. Vehicle was given to five male and five female animals over the same period of time. Hair weights in a defined 1-in.2 area of frontal scalp were measured periodically every 1-2 months, and serum was collected for measurement of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. In addition, scalp biopsies were taken before and 6 months after treatment to evaluate the micromorphometry of hair follicles. Results showed that both male and female serum dihydrotestosterone levels were significantly reduced (60-70%) by finasteride treatment. Both males and females showed statistically significant increases in mean hair weight over the treatment period compared to controls (P = 0.034). In addition, there was a statistically significant increase in mean follicle length (measured histologically in scalp biopsies) compared to baseline in the finasteride-treated animals (P = 0.028). These data show that an inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase in the stumptail macaque can reverse the balding seen with age in both the male and female animals.
Effect of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and aerobic endurance in soccer players.

BACKGROUND Few studies investigated the effects of the respiratory muscle training (RMT) in soccer although exhaustive high intensity exercise is known to lead to muscle fatigue in respiratory muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RMT on pulmonary function and aerobic endurance in soccer players. METHODS Eighteen male soccer players (mean age 22.2±1.4 years) participated in this study. Participants were assigned randomly to either an RMT or a control (CON) group. The RMT group performed a 15-minute endurance training of respiratory muscles twice a week for 5 weeks. The CON group did not receive RMT during this period. All participants were evaluated for aerobic endurance using 20-meter shuttle run test (20-MST), pulmonary function, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory mouth pressure (MEP) using spirometry. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in RMT group (14%) as compared to CON group (4%) in MIP measurement (P=0.04). No significant differences were observed in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and MEP after a five week of RMT (P>0.05). Similarly, there was no difference in 20-MST in the RMT group compared to CON group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that a five week of RMT increased MIP, but FVC, FEV1, MVV, MEP and aerobic endurance did not improve in soccer players. The RMT in addition to soccer training may improve MIP but not the tolerance to high intensity exercise.
Facial expression recognition considering individual differences in facial structure and texture

Facial expression recognition (FER) plays an important role in human-computer interaction. The recent years have witnessed an increasing trend of various approaches for the FER, but these approaches usually do not consider the effect of individual differences to the recognition result. When the face images change from neutral to a certain expression, the changing information constituted of the structural characteristics and the texture information can provide rich important clues not seen in either face image. Therefore it is believed to be of great importance for machine vision. This study proposes a novel FER algorithm by exploiting the structural characteristics and the texture information hiding in the image space. Firstly, the feature points are marked by an active appearance model. Secondly, three facial features, which are feature point distance ratio coefficient, connection angle ratio coefficient and skin deformation energy parameter, are proposed to eliminate the differences among the individuals. Finally, a radial basis function neural network is utilised as the classifier for the FER. Extensive experimental results on the Cohn-Kanade database and the Beihang University (BHU) facial expression database show the significant advantages of the proposed method over the existing ones.
Cognitive maps in rats and men.

I shall devote the body of this paper to a description of experiments with rats. But I shall also attempt in a few words at the close to indicate the significance of these findings on rats for the clinical behavior of men. Most of the rat investigations, which I shall report, were carried out in the Berkeley laboratory. But I shall also include, occasionally, accounts of the behavior of non-Berkeley rats who obviously have misspent their lives in out-of-State laboratories. Furthermore, in reporting our Berkeley experiments I shall have to omit a very great many. The ones I shall talk about were carried out by graduate students (or underpaid research assistants) who, supposedly, got some of their ideas from me. And a few, though a very few, were even carried out by me myself. Let me begin by presenting diagrams for a couple of typical mazes, an alley maze and an elevated maze. In the typical experiment a hungry rat is put at the entrance of the maze (alley or elevated), and wanders about through the various true path segments and blind alleys until he finally comes to the food box and eats. This is repeated (again in the typical experiment) one trial every 24 hours and the animal tends to make fewer and fewer errors (that is, blindalley entrances) and to take less and less time between start and goal-box until finally he is entering no blinds at all and running in a very few seconds from start to goal. The results are usually presented in the form of average curves of blind-entrances, or of seconds from start to finish, for groups of rats. All students agree as to the facts. They disagree, however, on theory and explanation. (1) First, there is a school of animal psychologists which believes that the maze behavior of rats is a matter of mere simple stimulus-response connections. Learning, according to them, consists in the strengthening of some of these connections and in the weakening of others. According to this ‘stimulus-response’ school the rat in progressing down the maze is helplessly responding to a succession of external stimulisights, sounds, smells, pressures, etc. impinging upon his external sense organs-plus internal stimuli coming from the viscera and from the skeletal muscles. Figure 1: Plan of maze 14-Unit T-Alley Maze. (From M.H. Elliot, The effect of change of reward on the maze performance of rats. University of California Publications in Psychology, 1928, 4, 20.)
Using machine learning and computer simulations to analyse neuronal activity in the cerebellar nuclei during absence epilepsy

Absence epilepsy is a neurological disorder that commonly occurs in children [44]. Some studies [14] have shown that absence seizures predominantly originate either in the thalamus or the cerebral cortex. Some cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons project to these brain areas, as explained further in Fig. 2.6 in Chapter 2. Also, some CN neurons have been observed to show modulation during the absence seizures [41]. This indicates that they somehow participate in the seizure and hence are referred to as "participating neurons" in this thesis. In this research, I demonstrate how machine learning techniques and computer simulations can be applied to investigate the properties and the input conditions present in these participating (CN) neurons. My investigation found a sub-group of CN neurons, with similar interictal spiking activity, spiking activity between the seizures, that are most likely to participate in seizures. To investigate the input conditions present in the CN neurons that produce this type of interictal activity, I used a morphologically realistic conductance based model of an excitatory CN projection neuron [66] and optimised the input parameters to this model using an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA). The results of the EA revealed that these participating CN neurons receive a synchronous and bursting input from Purkinje cells and bursting input with long intervals(approx. 500ms) from mossy fibre. The same interictal activity can also be produced when the Purkinje cell input to the CN neuron is asynchronous. The excitatory input in this case also had long interburst intervals but there is a decrease in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic weight. Surprisingly, a slight change in these input parameters can change the interictal spiking pattern to an ictal spiking pattern, the spiking pattern observed during absence seizures. I also discovered that it is possible to prevent a participating CN neuron from taking part in the seizures by blocking the Purkinje cell input.
Studies of cortical connectivity using optical circuit mapping methods

An important consideration when probing the function of any neuron is to uncover the source of synaptic input onto the cell, its intrinsic physiology and efferent targets. Over the years, electrophysiological approaches have generated considerable insight into these properties in a variety of cortical neuronal subtypes and circuits. However, as researchers explore neuronal function in greater detail, they are increasingly turning to optical techniques to bridge the gap between local network interactions and behaviour. The application of optical methods has increased dramatically over the past decade, spurred on by the optogenetic revolution. In this review, we provide an account of recent innovations, providing researchers with a primer detailing circuit mapping strategies in the cerebral cortex. We will focus on technical aspects of performing neurotransmitter uncaging and channelrhodopsin‐assisted circuit mapping, with the aim of identifying common pitfalls that can negatively influence the collection of reliable data.
Structural lung changes, lung function, and non‐invasive inflammatory markers in cystic fibrosis

Robroeks CMHHT, Roozeboom MH, de Jong PA, Tiddens HAWM, Jöbsis Q, Hendriks HJ, Yntema J‐BL, Brackel HL, van Gent R, Robben S, Dompeling E. Structural lung changes, lung function, and non‐invasive inflammatory markers in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 493–500. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Munksgaard