Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply to Soman et al, Alffenaar et al, Metcalfe et al, and Raoult.

J. Peter Cegielski1, Michael P. Chen1, Thelma E. Tupasi2, Vaira Leimane3, and Grigory V. Volchenkov4 on behalf of the Global Preserving Effective TB Treatment Study Investigators 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 2Tropical Disease Foundation, Manila, Philippines 3Riga East University Hospital Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Latvia 4Vladimir Regional Tuberculosis Dispensary, Russian Federation
Acute exercise induces tumour suppressor protein p53 translocation to the mitochondria and promotes a p53–Tfam–mitochondrial DNA complex in skeletal muscle

• p53 is one of several important proteins that regulate the synthesis and function of mitochondria in muscle, and mice lacking p53 have impaired aerobic capacity. • The role of p53 in response to physiological stress such as exercise has not been investigated. • We demonstrate that acute exercise induces the translocation of p53 to mitochondria, and promotes a subsequent interaction with mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to positively affect mtDNA transcription. • This rapid effect on p53 translocation probably represents an early exercise response which can promote long‐term beneficial mitochondrial and metabolic adaptations in muscle. • The results could have clinical implications in light of the growing recognition of exercise as an alternative therapy in cancer treatment, and the central role of p53 in halting tumorigenesis.
Novel role for thioredoxin reductase‐2 in mitochondrial redox adaptations to obesogenic diet and exercise in heart and skeletal muscle

• For reasons not completely understood, obesogenic high‐fat, high‐sucrose (HFHS) diets and exercise training both increase free fatty acid utilization and chronic oxidative stress, yet the former is deleterious to cardiovascular/metabolic health, whereas the latter is beneficial. • Here, we report that the heart shows decreased mitochondrial H2O2 (mH2O2) generation following HFHS diet, while skeletal muscle shows increased mH2O2, and uncover a novel role for thioredoxin reductase‐2 (TxnRd2) underlying these differences. • We also show that TxnRd2 is critical to controlling mH2O2 levels during mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, especially following exercise training in skeletal muscle. • These findings are important in that they illustrate how the heart and skeletal muscle have contrasting adaptations in antioxidant capacity in response to HFHS diet, and uncover a new role for TxnRd2 in the overall control of mH2O2 in these organs with HFHS diet and exercise training.
Mechanisms contributing to cluster formation in the inferior olivary nucleus in brainstem slices from postnatal mice

• One of the two main inputs to the cerebellum consists of climbing fibres from neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus (IO). • The IO spontaneously forms clusters of co‐active neurons in transverse brainstem slices from 1‐ to 2‐week‐old animals, coinciding with a critical time period in cerebellar development. • Here, we studied the cluster‐forming mechanisms, and find that randomly occurring spontaneous clusters overlap extensively, and contain 10 to hundreds of IO neurons with an average somatodendritic field size that is slightly smaller than the average IO cluster size. • Cluster formation is dependent on sodium action potentials and electrical coupling between IO neurons, and may spread with decreasing velocity and may involve active dendritic properties. • The results help us better understand the basic mechanism underlying cluster formation in the IO, which is an important feature in the generation of patterned input to the cerebellum.
Phosphatase activity of the voltage‐sensing phosphatase, VSP, shows graded dependence on the extent of activation of the voltage sensor

The voltage‐sensing phosphatase (VSP) consists of the voltage sensor and the phosphatase domain. The voltage sensor movement is coupled to the phosphatase activity. To uncover the coupling mechanisms between the two domains, we made a voltage sensor mutant of VSP. Our analyses showed that this voltage sensor moves in two steps. Measurements revealed that the phosphatase activity of this mutant is associated with both the first and second step of the voltage sensor movements. Results suggest that the phosphatase activity of VSP shows graded dependence on the extent of activation of the voltage sensor.
An empirical analysis of knowledge management applications

The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding and inter‐relationship of both the people and technical aspects of knowledge management. Studies in knowledge management indicate that there can be an over‐emphasis on technology to the exclusion of adequate people/quality planning, or, strong people/quality programmes from a knowledge perspective, hindered by inadequate enabling technologies. Understanding of these issues in practice and academia is currently hindered by a paucity of systematic empirical research, addressing the relationship between the cultural and technological aspects of knowledge management. A survey questionnaire was constructed and tested via a pilot phase. The questionnaire was then distributed to over 1,000 organizations, across three industrial sectors. The findings indicate that a strong relationship exists between KM and other organizational factors, namely organizational culture and internal technical culture. Further analysis of these elements revealed that factors internal to the organization are impinged upon by macro‐environmental elements.
Knowledge management impacts on decision making process

This article investigates the deep relation between knowledge management and decision‐making process. Strategy process is concerned with decisions that influence firm’s strategic position. This research tries to link how knowledge management influences these decisions that influence the position. If we can understand what are the knowledge’s modes of integration used over the different phases of the strategy‐making process, we can act on these modes more efficiently. Based on a qualitative research developed with 92 firms over the last four years, we study and classify how firms implement knowledge management (what we named knowledge management strategies (KMS)) and their impacts on the different phases of the decision‐making process in complex situations. For this second stage we analyze 14 decision‐making processes. The model is based on the Simon’s works and is built around the three phases: intelligence, conception, and selection. We describe knowledge’s transformations over this model and the role of each KMS in each phase. This paper demonstrates that knowledge types as well as knowledge management strategies have different roles regarding the phase of the process.
Informal network players, knowledge integration, and competitive advantage

In today’s hyper‐competitive environments, generation and dissipation of knowledge can no longer be understood from within the boundaries of formal organizational mechanisms. Previously, researchers have studied knowledge management based on formal mechanisms; however, few have examined the role played by informal mechanisms. In this paper, we examine the roles of informal network players in knowledge integration and discuss their effects on competitive advantage. For researchers, our paper provides testable propositions and a future research agenda. For practitioners, our paper shows how informal network players influence an organization and offers human resource management implications.
Managing knowledge: the link between culture and organizational learning

Aims to analyze how the organizational culture impacts knowledge management, organizational learning and ultimately the performance of the firm. The degree to which collaborative culture influences organizational learning and performance is investigated for 195 Spanish firms. The technique used was structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show, first of all, that collaborative culture encourages the development of organizational learning, which at the same time, has a significant effect on business performance. And, second, it is highlighted that collaborative culture does not constitute in itself a source of competitive advantages. Collaborative culture must modify, through learning, the organization’s guidelines and attitudes in order to improve competitive performance. Perhaps the most significant limitation of the study is associated with the use of cross‐sectional data. While we presented and tested models in which we assumed a causal flow from collaborative culture to organizational learning to organizational performance, there is the possibility that these relationships may occur in reverse order. In future researches it would be interesting to analyze the influence that other variables, such organizational structure, leadership and corporate strategy have on learning. The establishment of a knowledge strategy can be determined by a global approach, which affects all fields in organization. For knowledge management initiatives to be truly effective must take into account the social contexts in which learning take place. Culture need to be re‐examined in light of its role in managing the overall organizational learning infrastructure. This study provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that collaborative culture influences organizational learning which in turn influences business performance. The current study provides some understanding of the manner in which collaborative culture influence organizational outcomes.
Functional properties of extrasynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors during postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis

• Extrasynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors (AMPARs and NMDARs) were studied in newly generated young hippocampal granule cells at different stages of functional synaptic integration. • Whereas AMPAR density increased dramatically with cell maturation, the NMDAR current density was nearly constant, leading to an initially high NMDAR to AMPAR conductance density ratio. • AMPAR desensitization was slowest during the main phase of synapse formation and substantially faster before and afterwards at fully integrated mature stages. • Steady state current amplitude was also largest during synaptic integration and ∼50% smaller afterwards. • The data suggest that during periods of new synapse formation prolonged extrasynaptic AMPAR currents might support effective depolarization and NMDAR activation during spillover of glutamate.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Impending Left Ventricular Rupture After Acute Myocardial Infarction

A 63-year-old man with a history of arterial hypertension was admitted to the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit with an inferior acute myocardial infarction. The patient received 10+10 units of reteplase. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an akinetic inferior wall and depressed systolic function (ejection fraction=40%). Cardiac MRI (Siemens Somaton Vision, 1.5 T) performed 4 days after the infarction for investigative purposes showed an infarct of the …
Risk of Misinterpretation of Ebola Virus PCR Results After rVSV ZEBOV-GP Vaccination.

TO THE EDITOR—We would like to report on a recent false-positive Ebola polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result after postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) Zaire Ebola virus–glycoprotein (ZEBOV–GP) vaccine. We believe this observation is important in light of ongoing vaccine and diagnostic developments sparked by the recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic. A physician working for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) was evacuated from Monrovia, Liberia, to Belgium on 4 December 2014. Two days earlier, she had accidentally pricked herself with an unused needle through 2 gloves that had been in contact with the skin of a patient confirmedwithEVD.Upon arrival inBrussels, she was asymptomatic but nonetheless immediately hospitalized at the SaintPierre University Hospital. The MSFOperational Center Brussels occupational physicians and the Belgian clinical Ebola expert team performed a risk assessment. Considering the limited options available for PEP in humans, the experience with post-exposure vaccination using a live-attenuated rVSV ZEBOV–GP in nonhuman primates [1], and a single report of PEP with this vaccine in a human [2], it was decided that a single dose (titer ≥1 × 10 pfu/mL) of the rVSV ZEBOV–GP vaccine (NewLink Genetics, Canada) would be administered. The next morning, the patient developed fever. Although the fever was likely attributable to an adverse reaction to the vaccine, the expert group agreed to immediately performmolecular testing for EVD. Blood samples collected immediately prior to and 16 hours after vaccination were sent to the Belgian National Reference Laboratory for Infectious and Tropical Diseases (Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp) for analysis using 2 real-time (RT)-PCRs targeting different EBOV genes, according to the European guidelines [3]. An in-house RT-PCR (adapted from [4]), targeting EBOV–GP, and the commercially available RealStar filovirus RT-PCR (Altona Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), targeting the large polymerase gene, were used [5]. The commercial PCR test was negative in both samples, while the in-house test was positive in the sample after vaccination (Figure 1A). Based on these results, the patient was considered as not infected. The patient fully recovered the following day. Subsequent PCR testing revealed that the in-house RT-PCR remained positive for up to 5 days after vaccination, which is longer than the 2 days previously reported [2] and most likely the result of the higher vaccine dose given. At day 6
A multifaceted intervention designed to improve medical management of moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: a cluster randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequent in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Progression to end-stage renal disease can be slowed by appropriate medical management. METHODS To assess whether active promotion of guidelines improves CKD management, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial within the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4). We randomized 46 centers participating in the FHDH to either simple information on guideline availability or active promotion with a multifaceted and repeated intervention comprising reminders and audit feedback and targeting of local opinion leaders carried out between April 2009 and April 2010. Outcome measure was CKD management adequacy assessed before and 2 years after the beginning of the intervention in HIV-infected patients with moderate to severe CKD. CKD management was considered adequate in case of referral to a nephrologist or if proteinuria, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and glycemia had been measured during the previous year and medications had been prescribed when necessary. RESULTS Three hundred six patients were enrolled, of whom 238 (78%) completed the 2 years of follow-up. During the study period, the percentage of patients receiving adequate CKD management improved from 64.1% to 70.4% (+6.3%) in the active arm and from 68.3% to 75.6% (+7.3%) in the control arm (adjusted mean difference, -0.7 percentage points [95% confidence interval: -9.2 to 7.9]; P = .95). The biggest impact of active promotion was on the management of proteinuria and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Adequate compliance with CKD management guidelines improved slightly between 2009 and 2011, with no difference between the simple information and active promotion arms. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION CCTIRS 10.150 and CNIL DR-2010-379.
Activation of glycine receptors modulates spontaneous epileptiform activity in the immature rat hippocampus

Taurine has a pro‐ and anticonvulsive effect on the immature hippocampus, depending on the dose. The taurine effect is mediated by GABAA and glycine receptors. The taurine effect can be partially mimicked by glycine. Inhibition of glycine receptors has a weak proconvulsive effect on the immature hippocampus. We conclude that an endogenous activation of glycine receptors by glycine or taurine contributed to the control of neuronal excitability in the immature hippocampus.
The 2005 Dietary Guidelines: Avoiding a Fortification "Mis-Step" as We "Step Up" to Whole Grains

Recommendations for whole grains feature prominently in MyPyramid, Healthy People 2010, and the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (6th edition). In fact, Healthy People 2010 has the following recommendation: Increase the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume at least 6 daily servings of grain products, with at least 3 being whole grains. The Dietary Guidelines materials recommend that Americans substitute servings of whole grain foods for processed grain foods because their unique nutrient package benefits overall health and lessens chronic degenerative disease risk. The substitution of whole grain for refined grains has multiple benefits, but there is one drawbackVfolate. Folate fortification of grain products is required by law only for refined flour products, not for whole grain products. Few whole grain products are voluntarily fortified with folic acid. Although whole grain products supply more naturally occurring folate, it is a small amount and is less bioavailable than folic acid. New survey findings, reviewed in this article, suggest that Americans hear and are acting on the whole grain message. In particular, they are consuming more whole grain bread. While eating more whole grain bread and grain products is likely to confer health benefits, could it also have unintended health consequences, namely, a reversal of recent gains in folate status?
Knowledge management metrics in software development companies in Brazil

Purpose – The main goal of this research is to analyze knowledge management (KM) evaluation metrics in software development companies in Brazil through the perception of managers and users.Design/methodology/approach – The method applied was a multiple case study in two information technology companies in Brazil.Findings – According to the KM objectives and motivations, each company selects an implementation approach that results in specific challenges. The results show that the differences in Company A and Company B can be related to the KM process adopted. Based on the perception of the interviewees, it is possible to affirm that the relevance of a metric depends on the organization's context and the existence of a structured KM process.Research limitations/implications – The conclusions are based on two case studies of Brazilian IT companies. There could be industry‐specific issues as well as national cultural and behavioral values that might affect the findings and conclusions.Practical implications –.
Validity of the V-cut Test for Young Basketball Players

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability, usefulness, validity, age-related differences and responsiveness of a 25- m side-step cutting maneuver test (V-cut test). Fifty young male basketball players performed the V-cut test on 2 occasions separated by 5–7 days to assess test-retest reliability and determine a priori usefulness. Twenty subjects also completed both the L-Run and 505 test to analyze the possible relationships among these 3 tests. Furthermore, 33 players performed the V-cut test 4 times throughout the season to analyze responsiveness. Finally, 53 players (U-14 to U-20) were assessed in the V-cut test to examine the age-related differences. Reliability scores showed high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC=0.90) and low coefficient of variation (CV=1.4%). The responsiveness of the V-cut test was good, as the typical short- (1.5–1.7%), mid- (1.6–3.1%) and long-term (3.3%) changes in V-cut performance were higher than the CV. Low (r=0.64; CL90%: 0.34; 0.82) to moderate (r=0.76; CL90%: 0.53; 0.88) relationships were found between the V-cut test with the 505 and L-Run test, respectively. Age-related differences analysis showed better V-cut test performance as age increased in adolescent basketball players. The V-cut test is reliable to assess change of direction ability (CODA) and it could be used to monitor CODA in adolescent basketball players.
Effectiveness of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Patients 60 Years and Older With End-stage Renal Disease.

BACKGROUND Unlike in a healthy population, the protection of herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients might be insufficient, considering data demonstrating suboptimal response to other vaccines. The study evaluates the association between HZ vaccination and the subsequent HZ risk among ESRD patients. METHODS This cohort study included ESRD patients age ≥60 years who were enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. The vaccinated cohort included 582 patients who received HZ vaccine during 01/01/2007 through 12/31/2013. Each vaccinated patient was matched to five unvaccinated patients on age, sex, and dialysis duration. Subjects were passively followed through their electronic health records to identify HZ incidence. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) associated with vaccination. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative incidence were generated. RESULTS The number of HZ cases was 16 in 1373 person-years (11.7 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 7.1-19.0) among the vaccinated and 126 in 5644 person-years (22.3 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 18.7-26.6) among the unvaccinated. The 36-month cumulative risk of incident HZ was 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. HZ vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of HZ (adjusted HR = 0.49; 95% CI, .29-.85). The reduced risk seems more prominent if the vaccine is given within two years of dialysis initiation. CONCLUSIONS Among ESRD patients age ≥60 years, receipt of HZ vaccine was associated with a lower incidence of HZ. In addition, HZ vaccination soon after the initiation of dialysis may provide greater protection.
Hook, line and sinker: adult zebrafish offer a valid model to study mammalian cardiac contractile mechanics

On a beat-to-beat basis, cardiac contractile function is driven by a multifaceted and dynamic process that is regulated by both intrinsic (e.g. mechanical loading) and extrinsic (e.g. neuro-hormonal) factors (de Tombe et al. 2010). Specifically, the level of contractile activation of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes is modulated by the magnitude of the Ca2+ transient, the dynamic activation–relaxation kinetic response of the sarcomere to activator Ca2+ and the responsiveness of the myofilament to Ca2+, the last of which is dependent on sarcomere length and is a primary mediator of the Frank–Starling response. While transgenic mouse models have provided important insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac contractile function in health and disease, they are associated with high cost and relatively long generation times. Recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a promising model for the study of cardiac structure–function relationships, due to short generation times, ease of genetic manipulation and low cost. While multiple studies have characterized zebrafish cardiac electrophysiology, Ca2+ dynamics and myofilament mechanical function, it remains unclear whether the cardiac contractile structure–function relationship of adult zebrafish is comparable to that of the mammalian system.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: Broader cognitive deficits revealed by parent controls

To investigate neurocognitive deficits in children with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) by comparing them to their parents, since parents comprise a particularly suitable control group matched on disease‐extrinsic factors that can influence neurocognitive functioning. We compared CCHS patients to their parents and to population norms, hypothesizing that they would obtain lower intelligence test scores than both groups. We also compared patient‐parent differences against patient‐normative differences, to determine whether the two analytic approaches would yield different results.