Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying in childhood on depression, anxiety, and physical pain in emerging adulthood and the moderating effects of social support among gay and bisexual men in Taiwan

Objective This study examined the differences in the current levels of depression, anxiety, and physical pain in emerging adulthood among gay and bisexual men with various experiences of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying based on gender role nonconformity and sexual orientation and the moderating effects of family and peer support. Methods A total of 500 gay or bisexual men (age 20–25 years) in Taiwan were recruited from August 2015 to July 2017. The levels of depression, anxiety, and physical pain among gay or bisexual men who had experienced both traditional and cyber homophobic bullying (n=109), only traditional or cyber bullying (n=173), and neither traditional nor cyber bullying during childhood (n=218) were compared. The moderating effects of family and peer support on the effects of homophobic bullying victimization on depression, anxiety, and physical pain were also examined. Results Victims of any type of homophobic bullying in childhood had more severe depression, anxiety, and physical pain in emerging adulthood than nonvictims. Victims of both traditional and cyber homophobic bullying had more severe anxiety in adulthood than victims of only traditional or cyber homophobic bullying. Family but not peer support in childhood moderated the effects of homophobic bullying victimization on current levels of anxiety and physical pain in emerging adulthood among gay and bisexual men. Conclusion The results of the present study support that early prevention and intervention for homophobic bullying and enhancement of family support are essential to reduce mental health problems in emergent adults among gay and bisexual men.
Statistical computation and term weighting for feature extraction on Twitter

The TF-IDF term weighting is one of the most successful methods in feature extraction. Moreover, the highest term frequency (TF) for each document is concerned for feature extraction stage because it introduces information on text documents. A good model that was extracted by using supervised machine learning techniques that was selected the relevant features and determined how can convert them for a learning machine technique. This paper was focused on the statistical modeling and term weighting. Finally, the experimental results show that statistical modeling and term weighting method improves the performance of feature extraction. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed technique. In general, statistical modeling and term weighting using TF-IDF method present a good results with respect to the evaluation metrics.
A prospective and longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acid profile in relation to cardiometabolic biomarkers and the risk of gestational diabetes.

Background Data on saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in relation to metabolic function and glucose homeostasis remain controversial. Such data are lacking among pregnant women. Objective We prospectively investigated objectively measured individual and subclasses of plasma phospholipid SFAs throughout pregnancy in relation to cardiometabolic markers and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Design Within the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort of 2802 singleton pregnancies, 107 GDM cases were ascertained via medical record review and matched to 214 non-GDM controls on age, race/ethnicity, and gestational week (GW) at blood collection. Individual plasma phospholipid SFA concentrations were repeatedly measured throughout pregnancy at GWs 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 and also grouped into subclasses of even- or odd-chain SFAs. Results From GW 10, even-chain SFA concentrations were significantly higher among women who later developed GDM, whereas odd-chain SFAs were significantly lower among GDM cases compared with controls. At GWs 10-14, the SFA palmitic acid (16:0) was positively associated with impaired insulin resistance and cardiometabolic markers and the risk of GDM [adjusted OR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile (aORQ4-Q1): 4.76; 95% CI: 1.72, 13.10; P-trend = 0.001]. In contrast, odd-chain SFAs were inversely related to the previously mentioned markers and GDM risk [aORQ4-Q1 for pentadecanoic acid (15:0): 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.92; P-trend = 0.025; for heptadecanoic acid (17:0): 0.20; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.58; P-trend = 0.003]. Women with high (median or greater) even-chain SFA concentrations and low (less than median) odd-chain SFAs had a 9.43-fold (95%: CI 3.26-, 27.30-fold) increased risk compared with women with low even-chain and high odd-chain SFA concentrations. Similar results were observed at GWs 15-26. Conclusions The study provided one of the first lines of evidence suggesting that circulating concentrations of SFAs varying by SFA chain length, as early as GWs 10-14, were significantly and differentially associated with subsequent risk of GDM. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing objectively measured, individual, and subclasses of SFAs to investigate their distinct biological and pathophysiologic roles in glucose homeostasis and cardiometabolic outcomes. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00912132.
Detecting Adversarial Examples via Key-based Network

Though deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance in visual classification, recent studies have shown that they are all vulnerable to the attack of adversarial examples. Small and often imperceptible perturbations to the input images are sufficient to fool the most powerful deep neural networks. Various defense methods have been proposed to address this issue. However, they either require knowledge on the process of generating adversarial examples, or are not robust against new attacks specifically designed to penetrate the existing defense. In this work, we introduce key-based network, a new detection-based defense mechanism to distinguish adversarial examples from normal ones based on error correcting output codes, using the binary code vectors produced by multiple binary classifiers applied to randomly chosen label-sets as signatures to match normal images and reject adversarial examples. In contrast to existing defense methods, the proposed method does not require knowledge of the process for generating adversarial examples and can be applied to defend against different types of attacks. For the practical black-box and gray-box scenarios, where the attacker does not know the encoding scheme, we show empirically that key-based network can effectively detect adversarial examples generated by several state-of-the-art attacks.
A toolbox for robust control design: An illustrative case study

This paper presents LCToolbox, an open-source matlab software package facilitating robust linear feedback controller design. Its key feature is the automation of time-consuming pre- and postprocessing steps that are inextricable from modern control design techniques. In particular, the toolbox focuses on H∞ loop shaping for linear time-invariant (LTI) and linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. Since these methods require an accurate model to realize their full potential, the toolbox also supports the user to estimate LTI and LPV models using state-of-the-art system identification methods. Simulation tools are available in order to evaluate identified models and control performance. As such, this toolbox aims at supporting the user throughout the complete design process. The tailored data structures, functionalities and simulation tools are illustrated by means of a running case study considering trajectory tracking of a mobile platform with a kinematic model.
On prioritized inverse kinematics tasks: Time-space decoupling

In this paper we propose a new robust and computationally efficient algorithm to solve the problem of prioritized inverse kinematics (IK) tasks. The main idea of the new algorithm is assuming that the sampling time is a free variable and solving the IK problem with respect to an extended variable that includes the joint variation and the sampling time. The main advantage of the new formulation is that it can always provide a physically consistent solution, moreover the user only needs to provide a geometric description of the desired operational space paths as the algorithm provides the required time on the fly to convert those paths into trajectories for the robot joints. The proposed algorithm has been extensively validated in simulation, and the results revealed its efficiency to deal with the priority of tasks as well as the robot physical limits, furthermore, the algorithm always succeeded in providing an admissible solution.
Replacing voltage sensor arginines with citrulline provides mechanistic insight into charge versus shape

Voltage-dependent activation of voltage-gated cation channels results from the outward movement of arginine-bearing helices within proteinaceous voltage sensors. The voltage-sensing residues in potassium channels have been extensively characterized, but current functional approaches do not allow a distinction between the electrostatic and steric contributions of the arginine side chain. Here we use chemical misacylation and in vivo nonsense suppression to encode citrulline, a neutral and nearly isosteric analogue of arginine, into the voltage sensor of the Shaker potassium channel. We functionally characterize the engineered channels and compare them with those bearing conventional mutations at the same positions. We observe effects on both voltage sensitivity and gating kinetics, enabling dissection of the roles of residue structure versus positive charge in channel function. In some positions, substitution with citrulline causes mild effects on channel activation compared with natural mutations. In contrast, substitution of the fourth S4 arginine with citrulline causes substantial changes in the conductance–voltage relationship and the kinetics of the channel, which suggests that a positive charge is required at this position for efficient voltage sensor deactivation and channel closure. The encoding of citrulline is expected to enable enhanced precision for the study of arginine residues located in crowded transmembrane environments in other membrane proteins. In addition, the method may facilitate the study of citrullination in vivo.
BP180 dysfunction triggers spontaneous skin inflammation in mice

Significance BP180 is a cell–cell matrix adhesion molecule and is critical for attachment of epidermis to underlying dermis. We generated a dysfunctional BP180 mouse strain (ΔNC16A mice). The ΔNC16A mice at 8 weeks start developing spontaneous itch and skin inflammation characterized by increased skin thickness, infiltrating immune cells, increased levels of IgE in circulation, proinflammatory mediators in the skin, and impaired skin barrier. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients also present increased TSLP in lesional skin and circulation. Our findings suggest that BP180 regulates pruritic skin inflammation. Elucidation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of BP180 in skin inflammation should help better understanding of pathophysiology of skin inflammation and identify therapeutic targets for skin inflammatory diseases such as BP and atopic dermatitis. BP180, also known as collagen XVII, is a hemidesmosomal component and plays a key role in maintaining skin dermal/epidermal adhesion. Dysfunction of BP180, either through genetic mutations in junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) or autoantibody insult in bullous pemphigoid (BP), leads to subepidermal blistering accompanied by skin inflammation. However, whether BP180 is involved in skin inflammation remains unknown. To address this question, we generated a BP180-dysfunctional mouse strain and found that mice lacking functional BP180 (termed ΔNC16A) developed spontaneous skin inflammatory disease, characterized by severe itch, defective skin barrier, infiltrating immune cells, elevated serum IgE levels, and increased expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Severe itch is independent of adaptive immunity and histamine, but dependent on increased expression of TSLP by keratinocytes. In addition, a high TSLP expression is detected in BP patients. Our data provide direct evidence showing that BP180 regulates skin inflammation independently of adaptive immunity, and BP180 dysfunction leads to a TSLP-mediated itch. The newly developed mouse strain could be a model for elucidation of disease mechanisms and development of novel therapeutic strategies for skin inflammation and BP180-related skin conditions.
Efficacy of Meglumine Antimoniate in a Low Polymerization State Orally Administered in a Murine Model of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Progress toward the improvement of meglumine antimoniate (MA), commercially known as Glucantime, a highly effective but also toxic antileishmanial drug, has been hindered by the lack of knowledge and control of its chemical composition. Here, MA was manipulated chemically with the aim of achieving an orally effective drug. ABSTRACT Progress toward the improvement of meglumine antimoniate (MA), commercially known as Glucantime, a highly effective but also toxic antileishmanial drug, has been hindered by the lack of knowledge and control of its chemical composition. Here, MA was manipulated chemically with the aim of achieving an orally effective drug. MA compounds were synthesized from either antimony pentachloride (MA-SbCl5) or potassium hexahydroxyantimonate [MA-KSb(OH)6] and prepared under a low polymerization state. These compounds were compared to Glucantime regarding chemical composition, permeation properties across a cellulose membrane and Caco-2 cell monolayer, and uptake by peritoneal macrophages. MA-SbCl5 and MA-KSb(OH)6 were characterized as less polymerized and more permeative 2:2 Sb-meglumine complexes than Glucantime, which consisted of a mixture of 2:3 and 3:3 Sb-meglumine complexes. The antileishmanial activities and hepatic uptake of all compounds were evaluated after oral administration in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania infantum chagasi, as a model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The synthetic MA compounds given at 300 mg Sb/kg of body weight/12 h for 30 days significantly reduced spleen and liver parasite burdens, in contrast to those for Glucantime at the same dose. The greater activity of synthetic compounds could be attributed to their higher intestinal absorption and accumulation efficiency in the liver. MA-SbCl5 given orally was as efficacious as Glucantime by the parenteral route (80 mg Sb/kg/24 h intraperitoneally). These data taken together suggest that treatment with a less-polymerized form of MA by the oral route may be effective for the treatment of VL.
Harassment and Content Moderation : The Case of

Online harassment is a complex and growing problem. On Twier, one mechanism people use to avoid harassment is the blocklist, a list of accounts that are preemptively blocked from interacting with a subscriber. In this paper, we present a rich description of Twier blocklists why they are needed, how they work, and their strengths and weaknesses in practice. Next, we use blocklists to interrogate online harassment the forms it takes, as well as tactics used by harassers. Specically, we interviewed both people who use blocklists to protect themselves, and people who are blocked by blocklists. We nd that users are not adequately protected from harassment, and at the same time, many people feel they are blocked unnecessarily and unfairly. Moreover, we nd that not all users agree on what constitutes harassment. Based on our ndings, we propose design interventions for social network sites with the aim of protecting people from harassment, while preserving freedom of speech.
Inertial Sensor-Based Variables Are Indicators of Frailty and Adverse Post-Operative Outcomes in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with intrinsic cardiac cause for falling have been found to be frail and submissive to morbidity and mortality as post-operative outcomes. In these older CVD patients, gait speed is conjectured by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) as an independent predictor of post-operative morbidity and mortality. However, this guideline by STS has not been studied adequately with a large sample size; rather it is based largely on expert opinions of cardiac surgeons and researchers. Although one’s gait speed is not completely associated with one’s risk of falls, gait speed is a quick robust measure to classify frail/non-frail CVD patients and undoubtedly frail individuals are more prone to falls. Thus, this study examines the effects of inertial sensor-based quick movement variability characteristics in identifying CVD patients likely to have an adverse post-operative outcome. This study establishes a relationship with gait and postural predictor variables with patient’s post-operative adverse outcomes. Accordingly, inertial sensors embedded inside smartphones are indispensable for the assessment of elderly patients in clinical environments and may be necessary for quick objective assessment. Sixteen elderly CVD patients (Age 76.1 ± 3.6 years) who were scheduled for cardiac surgery the next day were recruited for this study. Based on STS recommendation guidelines, eight of the CVD patients were classified as frail (prone to adverse outcomes with gait speed ≤ 0.833 m/s) and the other eight patients as non-frail (gait speed > 0.833 m/s). Smartphone-derived walking velocity was found to be significantly lower in frail patients than that in non-frail patients (p < 0.01). Mean Center of Pressure (COP) radius (p < 0.01), COP Area (p < 0.01), COP path length (p < 0.05) and mean COP velocity (p < 0.05) were found to be significantly higher in frail patients than that in the non-frail patient group. Nonlinear variability measures such as sample entropy were significantly lower in frail participants in anterior-posterior (p < 0.01) and resultant sway direction (p < 0.01) than in the non-frail group. This study identified numerous postural and movement variability parameters that offer insights into predictive inertial sensor-based variables and post-operative adverse outcomes among CVD patients. In future, smartphone-based clinical measurement systems could serve as a clinical decision support system for assessing patients quickly in the perioperative period.
Automatic Resolution of Normative Conflicts in Supportive Technology Based on User Values

Social commitments (SCs) provide a flexible, norm-based, governance structure for sharing and receiving data. However, users of data sharing applications can subscribe to multiple SCs, possibly producing opposing sharing and receiving requirements. We propose resolving such conflicts automatically through a conflict resolution model based on relevant user values such as privacy and safety. The model predicts a user’s preferred resolution by choosing the commitment that best supports the user’s values. We show through an empirical user study (n = 396) that values, as well as recency and norm type, significantly improve a system’s ability to predict user preference in location sharing conflicts.
Brain-computer interface using deep neural network and its application to mobile robot control

Functional near-infrared spectroscopic (fNIRS) systems have recently attracted considerable attention for their potential in the domain of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This study presents a method for brain activity classification using signals obtained through fNIRS and suggests strategies to optimize the classifier for real-time control applications. A deep neural network (DNN) classifies differing brain activity signals from the pre-frontal cortex that were generated by pre-defined activities. Optimization of the DNN showed that varying the number of neurons per layer does not adversely affect the classification accuracy past a certain size and using a dropout method during training further improves the classification accuracy of the DNN. In the offline classification trials, the DNN achieved an accuracy of 82% for the two-class (activity vs rest) classification. A control system for a mobile robot is conceived to explore the practical application of BCIs. The components of the input vector to the DNN were altered and a post-processing step was added to the output of the DNN to use an fNIRS-based BCI for real-time data classification. Trials with online data classification depicted the plausibility of using DNNs for real-time control with fNIRS-based BCIs; however, the maximum classification accuracy of the system is 66%, which renders it impractical for real-time application.
The structure and function of pathogen disgust

Researchers have long noted that many of the multiple elicitors of disgust have some relation to infectious disease. There is an emerging consensus that disgust evolved in Animalia to direct the behaviours that reduce risk of infection, so-called ‘parasite avoidance theory’. If this is correct, then the disgust motive should be structured in a manner that reflects the ways in which infectious disease can be avoided. In this study, we generated a set of items based on the epidemiology of disease transmission. These were then rated for their capacity to elicit disgust by a large, predominantly North American/UK sample and subjected to factor analysis to identify latent variables. While a number of plausible factor solutions emerged, Velicer's MAP (minimum average partial) test suggested six domains: atypical appearance, lesions, sex, hygiene, food and animals. This structure did not exactly mirror the transmission routes of infections, as we initially predicted, but it may rather reflect distinct kinds of behavioural tasks involved in avoiding disease. This finding makes sense from the perspective of a cognitive system that evolved under selection for a behavioural response to threats from the social and biological environment. We suggest that regularly occurring types of infectious disease problems have produced regularities in the domain structure of pathogen disgust and discuss the implications of these results for understanding the structure, function and measurement of motives such as disgust in humans and other animals. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours’.
Temperature Resistant Fiber Bragg Gratings for On-Line and Structural Health Monitoring of the Next-Generation of Nuclear Reactors

The harsh environment associated with the next generation of nuclear reactors is a great challenge facing all new sensing technologies to be deployed for on-line monitoring purposes and for the implantation of SHM methods. Sensors able to resist sustained periods at very high temperatures continuously as is the case within sodium-cooled fast reactors require specific developments and evaluations. Among the diversity of optical fiber sensing technologies, temperature resistant fiber Bragg gratings are increasingly being considered for the instrumentation of future nuclear power plants, especially for components exposed to high temperature and high radiation levels. Research programs are supporting the developments of optical fiber sensors under mixed high temperature and radiative environments leading to significant increase in term of maturity. This paper details the development of temperature-resistant wavelength-multiplexed fiber Bragg gratings for temperature and strain measurements and their characterization for on-line monitoring into the liquid sodium used as a coolant for the next generation of fast reactors.
然而是善良意志的权力(驳 J.戴利达)

戴利达先生提出的问题无可辩驳地证明,我就本文和本文诠释的说明,在针对戴利达的众所周知的立场方面,没有达到目的。 我很难理解他向我提出的问题。 但我将努力去做到这一点,就象一个希望理解和被理解的人那样。 我绝对看不出这种努力何以属于形而上学时代或更进一步属于善良意志的康德概念时代。 我的思想,我已经在包括巴黎的讲演在内的讲演中说得很清楚:“善良意志”对我来说意味着