Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced SD iterative decoding algorithm in MIMO reciever

STBC-OFDM systems provide diversity and coding gains, however , ML(maximum likelihood) has expensive computational complexity, which can not satisfy the need of high-velocity and real-time communication system. This paper presents a sphere decoding algorithm which finds a method of searching new vector in a sphere radius. We also present a new better searching method based on re-ordered vectors in complex field. This approach optimizes sphere radius iteration, increases the searching speed of signal vector. Compared with other algorithms, the result of simulation shows superiority on computational complexity and increases the efficiency of decoding.
Lack of association between CD226 genetic variants and inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Korean population.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to find the possible association between CD226 polymorphisms and inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Korean population. METHODS A total of 14 CD226 SNPs were selected based on their linkage disequilibrium, minor allele frequency, and location. Then, the SNPs were genotyped in 178 IDD patients and 237 healthy controls. Subsequently, we conducted logistic analysis to find possible associations RESULTS Statistical analyses revealed only a marginal signal for a common SNP rs1788229 with inflammatory demyelinating disease (p=0.05), while other SNPs failed to show associations with any diseases. However, the significance of rs1788229 disappeared after a multiple testing correction of the data (p>0.05). Interestingly, rs763361, which showed significant associations with multiple sclerosis in several previous studies, did not show any association at all. CONCLUSIONS While prior studies have found CD226 polymorphisms to be significantly associated with inflammatory demyelinating diseases, our results indicate the CD226 polymorphisms to be not associated with the diseases in Korean population. However, our results suggest that the causal genes for inflammatory demyelinating diseases may vary depending on the population.
Could the acid–base status of Antarctic sea urchins indicate a better‐than‐expected resilience to near‐future ocean acidification?

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration alters the chemistry of the oceans towards more acidic conditions. Polar oceans are particularly affected due to their low temperature, low carbonate content and mixing patterns, for instance upwellings. Calcifying organisms are expected to be highly impacted by the decrease in the oceans' pH and carbonate ions concentration. In particular, sea urchins, members of the phylum Echinodermata, are hypothesized to be at risk due to their high‐magnesium calcite skeleton. However, tolerance to ocean acidification in metazoans is first linked to acid–base regulation capacities of the extracellular fluids. No information on this is available to date for Antarctic echinoderms and inference from temperate and tropical studies needs support. In this study, we investigated the acid–base status of 9 species of sea urchins (3 cidaroids, 2 regular euechinoids and 4 irregular echinoids). It appears that Antarctic regular euechinoids seem equipped with similar acid–base regulation systems as tropical and temperate regular euechinoids but could rely on more passive ion transfer systems, minimizing energy requirements. Cidaroids have an acid–base status similar to that of tropical cidaroids. Therefore Antarctic cidaroids will most probably not be affected by decreasing seawater pH, the pH drop linked to ocean acidification being negligible in comparison of the naturally low pH of the coelomic fluid. Irregular echinoids might not suffer from reduced seawater pH if acidosis of the coelomic fluid pH does not occur but more data on their acid–base regulation are needed. Combining these results with the resilience of Antarctic sea urchin larvae strongly suggests that these organisms might not be the expected victims of ocean acidification. However, data on the impact of other global stressors such as temperature and of the combination of the different stressors needs to be acquired to assess the sensitivity of these organisms to global change.
An Integrated Decision-tree Testing Strategy for Skin Sensitisation with Respect to the Requirements of the EU REACH Legislation

This report presents some of the results of a joint research project, sponsored by Defra and conducted by FRAME and Liverpool John Moores University, on the status of alternatives to animal testing with regard to the European Union REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system for the safety testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The project covered all the main toxicity endpoints associated with the REACH system. This report focuses on the use of alternative (non-animal) methods (both in vitro and in silico) for skin sensitisation testing. The manuscript reviews in vitro tests based on protein-ligand binding, dendritic/Langerhans cells and T-lymphocyte activation, and also the QSAR models and expert systems available for this endpoint. These tests are then incorporated into an integrated, decision-tree testing strategy, which also includes the Local Lymph Node Assay (in its original and new reduced protocols) and the traditional guinea-pig tests (which should only be used as a last resort). The aim of the strategy is to minimise the use of animals in testing for skin sensitisation, while satisfying the scientific and logistical demands of the EU REACH legislation.
Finger print sensor molding thickness none destructive measurement with Terahertz technology

Fingerprint sensor (FPS) becomes rapidly popular due to small size and high safety. The molding thickness of capacitive FPS will affect its performance and needs to be accurately measured and controlled. Different from cutting and laser drilling method, one none destructive method with Terahertz electromagnetic wave is introduced. Terahertz wave can penetrate into the molding package materials. The molding thickness can be measured through time delay of two pulse Terahertz waves. The measured thickness is correlated with microscope view and the result is within ±4um gap.
Structural organization of the endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system but consists of various domains that perform different functions. Structurally distinct domains of this organelle include the nuclear envelope (NE), the rough and smooth ER, and the regions that contact other organelles. The establishment of these domains and the targeting of proteins to them are understood to varying degrees. Despite its complexity, the ER is a dynamic structure. In mitosis it must be divided between daughter cells and domains must be re‐established, and even in interphase it is constantly rearranged as tubules extend along the cytoskeleton. Throughout these rearrangements the ER maintains its basic structure. How this is accomplished remains mysterious, but some insight has been gained from in vitro systems.
Influence of breast lesion size and histologic findings on tumor detection rate of a computer-aided detection system.

PURPOSE To evaluate associations between histopathologic findings, tumor size, and detection rate of malignant mammographic findings by using a computer-aided detection (CAD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 208 mammographically detected histologically proven malignant breast lesions in 208 women. Findings were 150 masses and 114 microcalcifications; 56 lesions showed both findings; 94 lesions, mass only; and 58 lesions, microcalcification only. CAD was used to evaluate mammograms in two views retrospectively. Also, corresponding histopathologic findings and lesion size were evaluated. CAD marks were considered positive if, on at least one view, they correctly identified the corresponding mammographic lesion location. RESULTS Ninety percent (135 of 150) of masses and 93.0% (106 of 114) of microcalcifications were marked correctly by the CAD system. Overall tumor detection rate was 93.8% (195 of 208). Size-related detection rate for masses was 83.3% (25 of 30) for lesions up to 10 mm, 100% (45 of 45) for lesions 11-20 mm, 100% (46 of 46) for lesions 21-30 mm, 83.3% (10 of 12) for lesions 31-40 mm, and 52.9% (nine of 17) for lesions larger than 40 mm. Size-related tumor detection rate for microcalcifications was 92.5% (37 of 40) for microcalcifications up to 10 mm, 93.1% (27 of 29) for lesions 11-20 mm, 100% (20 of 20) for lesions 21-30 mm, 87.5% (seven of eight) for lesions 31-40 mm, and 88.2% (15 of 17) for larger microcalcifications. Detection rates for mammographically visible masses (invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive tubular carcinoma, noninvasive cancers, mucinoid cancers, and others) were 92.3% (84 of 91), 89.3% (25 of 28), 75.0% (six of eight), 100% (15 of 15), 33.3% (one of three), and 80.0% (four of five), respectively. Detectability rates for mammographically visible areas suspicious for microcalcifications (invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive tubular carcinoma, and noninvasive cancers) were 92.3% (60 of 65), 100% (eight of eight), 100% (five of five), and 91.9% (31 of 34), respectively. Highest overall detection rates were observed for invasive ductal carcinomas (96.6% [112 of 116]) and noninvasive cancers (92.9% [39 of 42]). CONCLUSION Highest detection rates were observed for 10-30-mm tumor masses and for invasive ductal carcinomas and noninvasive cancers.
Pretreatment Attrition from Couple Therapy for Male Drug Abusers

This study tracked pretreatment attrition of 120 callers, 84 of whom were potentially eligible for outpatient couple treatment for male drug abuse. Demographic, significant other, substance use, and access related variables were examined as predictors of intake and treatment entry. Results were similar to other findings regarding variables associated with initiation of individual substance use treatment, and 29% of eligible callers entered treatment. Men whose partners did not use substances or who used in moderation were more likely to attend the intake session, and couples who received referrals were more likely to enter treatment than those who responded to a newspaper advertisement.
The Measurement of Banking Services in the System of National Accounts

The paper considers some of the problems associated with the indirectly measured components of financial service outputs in the System of National Accounts (SNA), termed FISIM (Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured). The paper characterizes FISIM by a user cost and supplier benefit approach determining the price and quantity of various financial services in the banking sector. We examine the need for FISIM in the context of plausible alternative accounting schemes that could be used to account for financial services. The alternative accounting frameworks have implications for the labour and multifactor productivity of both the financial and nonfinancial sectors.
Optimal power flow solution by a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm

This paper presents a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The main distinction of this approach is in using particlepsilas worth experience in stead of the best previous experience. The proposed approach is evaluated on the IEEE 30-bus test system which minimizes the total fuel cost considering operational constraints such as power flow equations, transmission flow limits, bus voltages and reactive power of generators. The results obtained using the proposed approach are compared with results of other optimization methods.
Lipopeptide epitopes extended by an Nϵ‐palmitoyl‐lysine moiety increase uptake and maturation of dendritic cells through a Toll‐like receptor‐2 pathway and trigger a Th1‐dependent protective immunity

Lipopeptides, a form of peptide immunogens, are currently under intense investigation as human vaccines for many infectious pathogens and cancers. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lipopeptide immunogenicity are only partially understood. We have investigated the influence of the lipid content on the immunogenicity of lipopeptides using the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) gD1–23 peptide as a model antigen. Totally synthetic lipopeptides were constructed by covalent attachment to the peptide backbone of either Nϵ‐palmitoyl‐lysine (palmitoyl‐lipidated peptide, palmitoyl‐LP) or cholesterol‐lysine (cholesterol‐lipidated peptide, cholesterol‐LP). Immunization of mice with the palmitoyl‐LP, but not with its cholesterol‐LP analog, induced a strong T cell‐dependent protective immunity against lethal HSV‐1 infection. Analysis of cytokine profiles and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios revealed that a dominant Th1‐type immune response was stimulated by the palmitoyl‐LP, as opposed to a Th2 response generated by its cholesterol‐LP analog. The palmitoyl‐LP was efficiently taken up in vitro by immature dendritic cells (DC) in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, and induced phenotypic maturation and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by DC. Finally, DC stimulated with the palmitoyl‐LP induced antigen‐specific T cell responses through the Toll‐like receptor‐2 pathway. These findings have important implications for the development of effective lipopeptide immunization strategies against infectious pathogens.
Improved MPC for PMSM drives to reduce switching losses

This paper presents an improved model predictive control (MPC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) fed by a voltage source inverter (VSI), in order to reduce switching losses. The MPC strategy is based on a cost function generally established for performance purposes and leads to switching states to be applied for VSI control. In this work, the cost function is improved in order to reduce changing states so to reduce switching losses. Simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical development and results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A copy of insertion element IS5 is present within tnaB in the Kohara library of Escherichia coli W3110

The tna operon of Escherichia coli W3110 contains two major structural genes: tnaA, encoding tryptophanase, and tnaB, encoding a tryptophan permease (2). To obtain the sequence downstream of tnaB, we attempted to use Kohara library phage 563 (3). E. coli W3110 was infected with A clone 563, and phage DNA was isolated (4). The DNA was digested with HindlIl, and a 4.2-kb fragment containing the 3' segment of tnaB and its downstream region was isolated. This fragment was ligated into the HindIII site of pUC13 and transformed into E. coli JM101. A recombinant plasmid containing the insert was isolated and used for sequencing (6). We found that the 4.2-kb HindIlI fragment contained the tnaB sequence up to codon 292. This sequence was followed by a sequence homol-ogous to the insertion element, IS5. Recently, Umeda and Ohstubo (9) identified two IS5 elements around 83 min (IS5u and ISSv) in the Kohara library of E. coli; the IS5 element that we identified would be ISSv. The 300-bp sequence we obtained from the 5' end of this IS5v is identical to the published sequence of IS5 (8); however, the terminal 4 nucleotides of the 16-bp inverted repeat were absent. The position and orientation of IS5v with respect to tnaA and tnaB in Kohara clone 563 are shown in Fig. 1. This IS5v element is not present in tnaB of the E. coli W3110 strain in use in our laboratory
Dynamic changes in hair cell ribbon synapse induced by loss of spiral ganglion neurons in mice

Background Previous studies have suggested that primary degeneration of hair cells causes secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), but the effect of SGN degeneration on hair cells has not been studied. In the adult mouse inner ear ouabain can selectively and permanently induce the degeneration of type 1 SGNs while leaving type 2 SGNs, efferent fibers, and sensory hair cells relatively intact. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in hair cell ribbon synapse induced by loss of SGNs using ouabain application to the round window niche of adult mice. Methods In the analysis, 24 CBA/CAJ mice aged 8‐10 weeks, were used, of which 6 normal mice were used as the control group. After ouabain application in the round window niche 6 times in an hour, ABR threshold shifts at least 30 dB in the three experimental groups which had six mice for 1‐week group, six for 1‐month group, and six for 3‐month group. All 24 animals underwent function test at 1 week and then immunostaining at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Results The loss of neurons was followed by degeneration of postsynaptic specializations at the afferent synapse with hair cells. One week after ouabain treatment, the nerve endings of type 1 SGNs and postsynaptic densities, as measured by Na/K ATPase and PSD‐95, were affected but not entirely missing, but their partial loss had consequences for synaptic ribbons that form the presynaptic specialization at the synapse between hair cells and primary afferent neurons. Ribbon numbers in inner hair cells decreased (some of them broken and the ribbon number much decreased), and the arrangement of the synaptic ribbons had undergone a dynamic reorganization: ribbons with or without associated postsynaptic densities moved from their normal location in the basal membrane of the cell to a more apical location and the neural endings alone were also found at more apical locations without associated ribbons. After 1 month, when the neural postsynaptic densities had completed their degeneration, most ribbons were lost and the remaining ribbons had no contact with postsynaptic densities; after 3 months, the ribbon synapses were gone except for an occasional remnant of a CtBP2‐positive vesicle. Hair cells were intact other than the loss of ribbons (based on immunohistochemistry and DPOAE). Conclusion These findings define the effect of SGN loss on the precise spatiotemporal size and location of ribbons and the time course of synaptic degeneration and provide a model for studying plasticity and regeneration.
Secular trends in cancer mortality among Japanese immigrants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 1979–2001

We investigated secular trends in cancer mortality among first-generation Japanese-Brazilians in the state of São Paulo between 1979 and 2001. Results were compared with those for Japanese living in Japan and Brazilians living in the state of São Paulo. We used mortality data for three periods, 1979–1981, 1989–1991, and 1999–2001, and population data from Brazilian censuses in 1980, 1991, and 2000 for Japanese-Brazilians. Available mortality and population data for Japanese living in Japan and Brazilians living in the state of São Paulo corresponding to those for Japanese-Brazilians were obtained. Age-standardized mortality rates for Japanese-Brazilians and standardized mortality ratios based on mortality of Japanese living in Japan in 1980 for the three different periods and populations were calculated. We observed a decreasing trend for stomach cancer and increasing trends for colon, breast and prostate cancer over the 20 years in all three populations. Standardized mortality ratios for stomach cancer in Japanese-Brazilians declined to approximately those of Japanese living in Japan. Although standardized mortality ratios from colon, breast and prostate cancer in Japanese-Brazilians increased over the last 20 years, those for colon cancer were similar to the Japanese living in Japan whereas those for breast and prostate cancer (208 and 423 in 2000, respectively) appeared to be intermediate between those for Japanese living in Japan (152 and 208 in 2000, respectively) and Brazilians living in the state of São Paulo (281 and 536 in 2000, respectively). Standardized mortality ratios for liver and lung cancer increased in Japanese living in Japan over the last 20 years but no increasing trend was observed for Japanese-Brazilians, except for liver cancer in men, and standardized mortality ratios in Japanese-Brazilians seemed to be similar to the Brazilians living in the state of São Paulo. Secular trends in mortality confirm the relative importance of environment in the development of cancer.
Subjective Constructions of Neighborhood Boundaries: Lessons from a Qualitative Study of Four Neighborhoods

ABSTRACT: This article explores the boundaries of neighborhoods as subjectively constructed by 37 adolescents and 33 parents across four census-defined block groups in a Western city. We examine the degree of consensus among participants on the spatial boundaries of their neighborhoods, the stability of participants’ subjectively constructed neighborhood definitions, and the overlap between subjectively constructed definitions and census block group and tract definitions. Through an analysis of qualitative interviews, we isolate four factors that appear to influence how participants define their neighborhood boundaries: physical and institutional characteristics of the neighborhood, its class, race, and ethnic composition, perceived criminal threats from within and outside the neighborhood, and symbolic neighborhood identities. These factors can operate to facilitate or compromise consensus and stability about neighborhood boundaries and identity. The study findings are exploratory but suggest several avenues for further investigation into how parents and adolescents construct neighborhood boundaries and the possible influences that subjective neighborhood definitions have on families.
The Effect of Resveratrol on mRNA Levels of DNA polymerase Beta and Oxidative DNA Damage In H2O2-Induced Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells

The Effect of Resveratrol on mRNA levels of DNA polymerase beta and oxidative DNA damage in H2O2-induced human colon cancer HT-29 cells Farzane Sadat Shahrokhi1, Maryam Baazm2, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi3, Ebrahim Eftekhar4, Farideh Jalali Mashayekhi1, 1 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. 2 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. 3Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 4Molecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 5Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Introduction: Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol found in high levels in grape skin, has recently attracted huge attention because of its anti-carcinogenic properties. Protective effects of resveratrol against oxidative damage in DNA may be due to its ability to stimulate DNA repair pathways such as the base excision repair (BER). Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on gene expression of DNA polymerase beta (DNA pol β), the primary polymerase involved in BER, in H2O2-inducedoxidative human colon cancer HT-29 cells. The 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level and mRNA expression level of DNA polymerase beta (pol β) was measured after human colon cancer HT-29 cells were treated with 100 μM H2O2for 30 min followed by exposure with 75 µM of resveratrol for 48 h. Results: The level of 8-OHdG was significantly increased by H2O2 treatment, but resveratrol pretreatment of cells prior to H2O2 treatment led to a significant reduction of 8-OHdG to the levels similar to those observed in controls. Analysis of qRT -PCR data by one way ANOVA revealed that resveratrol pretreatment also caused a measurable increase in the mRNA expression of DNA polymerase beta (DNA pol β) comparing to that of H2O2-treated and control cells. Conclusion: The cancer-preventive effects of resveratrol may be due in part to stimulation of base excision repair processes. Our data confirm that resveratrol exerts its anti-oxidant and scavenging properties through a reduction in 8-OHdG level. Keywords: DNA repair enzymes, DNA polymerase beta, DNA damage, Hydrogen peroxide, Resveratrol