Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for mixed feelings of happiness and sadness from brief moments in time

Theorists disagree about whether valence is a basic building block of affective experience or whether the positive and negative substrates underlying valence are separable in experience. If positivity and negativity are separable in experience, people should be able to feel happy and sad at the same time. We addressed limitations of earlier evidence for mixed feelings by collecting moment-to-moment measures of happiness and sadness that required participants to monitor their feelings only occasionally. In Study 1, participants were occasionally cued to press one button if they felt happy and another if they felt sad. Participants spent more time reporting mixed feelings (i.e., simultaneously pressing both buttons) during bittersweet scenes than non-bittersweet scenes. In Study 2, participants reported their feelings only once. Participants spent more time reporting mixed feelings when cued during a bittersweet, as opposed to non-bittersweet, scene. These results extend earlier evidence that happiness and sadness can co-occur.
Genetic structure in a populatioll 1 of a tropical tre ' e Ocotea tenera ( Lauraceae ) : influence of avian ~ ) eed dispersal

We studied the influence of avian seed dispersal on the structuring of genetic diversity in a population of a tropical tree, Ocotea tenera (Lauraceae). The seeds of O. tenera are principally dispersed by four, relatively specialized, fruit-eating bird species (emerald toucanets, keel-billed toucans, resplendent quetzals, and three-wattled bellbirds). We found high genetic diversity within the overall population and significant, nonrandom structuring of that diversity among subpopulations. Subpopulations contained members of several sibling groups, and most saplings within subpopulations were shown not to be the progeny of adult trees within the same subpopulation. Our data indicate that O. tenera subpopulations are founded with several seeds from few matemalfamilies, and that this mode of establishment is an important determinant of population genetic architecture. Linhart 1990; Horvitz and Le Corff 1993; Willson 1993). However, little detailed inform8;tion exists concerning the population genetic consequences of avian seed dispersal in tropical forest tree populations. Seed dispersal syndromes in tropical forests vary in terms of characteristic patterns of seed collection and deposition, number of seeds moved, and distance of gene flow (Howe and Smallwood 1981). These characteristics of seed dispersal influence demographic phenomena and, thus, shape genetic attributes of plant populations (Hamrick and Loveless 1988, Howe 1989). We studied the population genetic consequences of avian seed dispersal in Ocotea tenera (Lauraceae) to determine patterns of successful seed dispersal. O. tenera seeds are dispersed by emerald toucanets (Aulacorhynchus prasinus), keel-billed toucans (Ramphastos sulfuratus), resplendent qu~tzals (Pharomachrus mocinno), and threewattled bellbirds (Procnias tricarunculata). Birds swallow one to three fruits from a tree and fly to another site to digest the fruit and regurgitate the seeds (Wheelwright 1991). This provides the potential for extensive gene flow throughout the forest. Yet, because O. tenera is a forest-gap colonist, successful seed dispersal may be patchy. If gaps are colonized with seeds of many maternal trees and there is high gene flow through migration, genetic diversity should be high in the total population and subpopulations, and genetic differentiation among subpopulations should be low. If gaps are colonized with seeds from few maternal trees and there is little migration, then total population and subpopulation genetic diversity should be low, but genetic differentiation should be high. We primarily focused on gene flow by seed dispersal since there is little gene flow via pollen (Gibson 1995).
The rejuvenated pressurised metered dose inhaler

The pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) has now been available for 50 years. Once regarded as an inefficient and difficult-to-use device, the technology has evolved significantly over the last few years, particularly since the introduction of novel formulations containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants. Many modern HFA pMDIs deposit drug more efficiently in the lungs, impact less forcefully on the back of the throat and feel less cold than their chlorofluorocarbon pMDI counterparts. An improved understanding of technical factors makes it possible to design HFA pMDIs to have specific spray properties, particularly in terms of fine particle dose and spray velocity. Device technology has also progressed with the introduction of compact and convenient breath-actuated, breath-coordinated and velocity-modifying devices, which help patients to achieve a reliable lung dose. Although it faces competition from dry powder inhalers and possibly from novel soft-mist inhalers containing liquid formulations, the rejuvenated HFA pMDI is a device with a significant future for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and wider treatment indications.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Croatian Manufacturing Exports

The exports of Croatian manufacturing industry have been stagnating over the last decade or so. Over the same period there have been relatively high inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) into industry. The aim of this paper is to examine, after controlling for other potentially significant variables, whether these inflows have had an impact on export performance. Using the panel data approach for 21 manufacturing industry sectors over the period between 1996 and 2002, it is found that FDI has positively and significantly affected exports, but the extent of this impact was relatively low. This implies that there is a potential for improving the export performance of Croatian manufacturing industry by attracting more FDI into this sector. Policy makers should try to enhance the potential positive effects of FDI by targeting specific export-oriented greenfield foreign investment, and, in addition, implement measures to increase potential spillover effects.
Prevention of Accidental Extubation in Burn Patients

The purpose of this paper is to examine the rate of accidental extubation in the burn patient population and to propose solutions. We found that the extubation rate was higher in burn patients (27%) than in the general surgical intensive care patient population (6%). Extubations occurred most frequently (66%) in conjunction with painful or invasive procedures. Methods of endotracheal tube stabilization are reviewed. Two techniques for stabilization in the patient with a burned face are presented.
Cytogenetic analysis of the cSOD microregion in Drosophila melanogaster.

This report describes the genetic organization of a euchromatic region on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster extending cytologically from 68A2 to C1, an interval comprising 10 or 11 polytene chromosome bands. The gene for cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (cSOD) maps within this interval, as does low xanthine dehydrogenase (lxd). --Recessive lethal mutations were generated within the region by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and by hybrid dysgenesis. These lethals fall into 11 functional groups, which were partially ordered by complementation with deletions having breakpoints within the region. The distribution of dysgenesis-induced mutations in the region is highly nonrandom, the majority being within a single group. The mutability of this gene is comparable to that of singed (sn), a documented "hot-spot" for P-element insertion. --One of the EMS-induced lethals, l-108, fulfills biochemical criteria expected of a hypomorphic allele of cSOD. To our knowledge this is the first such allele recovered of this gene, and it should prove very useful in an analysis of the in vivo function of cytoplasmic SOD. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that cSOD is almost certainly a vital gene.
CALL FOR PAPERS Chronic Kidney Disease and Fibrosis TGF- (cid:1) /Smad3 activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 to promote collagen production by increasing HIF-1 (cid:2) expression

Schnaper HW. TGF- (cid:1) /Smad3 activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 to promote collagen production by increasing HIF-1 (cid:2) expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 305: F485–F494, 2013. 2013; growth factor (TGF)- (cid:1) is a major mediator of kidney ﬁbrosis. In the past decade it was recognized that, besides canonical Smad signaling, many other signaling pathways participate in the process of TGF- (cid:1) induced ﬁbrogenesis. One such pathway involves mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1. We recently reported that the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is essential for TGF- (cid:1) -induced collagen expression regardless of ambient oxygen tension. A modulator of HIF expression other than oxygen tension is mTORC1. We there-fore sought to evaluate a possible role for mTORC1 activity in TGF- (cid:1) -induced ﬁbrogenesis. mTORC1 activity was increased in human mesangial cells treated with TGF- (cid:1) in a TGF- (cid:1) receptor-dependent manner. Short hairpin (sh)RNA to Smad3 decreased, while overexpression of Smad3 increased, the mTORC1 activity, suggesting that TGF- (cid:1) stimulation of mTORC1 also requires Smad3. Pretreat-ment with rapamycin or shRNA for a regulatory molecule of mTORC1, Raptor, reduced TGF- (cid:1) -induced COL1A2-luc activity and collagen I protein expression. mTORC1 inhibition also prevented the TGF- (cid:1) -stimulated increase in both hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) activity and HIF-1 (cid:2) protein expression, while activation of mTORC1 by active Rheb increased basal but not TGF- (cid:1) -induced HRE activity. shRNA to Smad3 reduced HRE activity, while overexpression of Smad3 increased HIF-1 (cid:2) protein expression and activity in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Lastly, overexpression of HIF-1 (cid:2) bypassed the inhibitory effect of mTORC1 blockade on collagen expression. These results suggest that Smad3/mTORC1 interaction to promote HIF-1 expression is a key step in normoxic kidney ﬁbrogenesis.
70th Anniversary Collection for the Microbiology Society: Microbiology.

I was honoured when asked to curate this collection, but accepted with some trepidation. As the tagline states, Microbiology (Journal of General Microbiology prior to 1994) has been ‘publishing high-quality research since 1947’: capturing the breadth and depth of the journal’s contribution to microbiology in this short opinion piece is nigh impossible. I chose to steer a personal course through the journal archive and highlight some personal favourites here. Such an approach is by its nature highly selective and a function of my own predilections; I apologize upfront for the many outstanding contributions that I could not mention due to space limitations. I hope, however, to remind readers of the seminal work published in Microbiology over the years and perhaps to shine a light on some forgotten gems.
Multiple Methods for Assessing the Dose to Skin Exposed to Radioactive Contamination

There is the possibility for a worker at a nuclear installation, such as a nuclear power reactor, a fuel production facility or a medical facility, to come in contact with radioactive contaminants. When such an event occurs, the first order of business is to care for the worker by promptly initiating a decontamination process. Usually, the radiation protection personnel performs a G-M pancake probe measurement of the contamination in situ and collects part or all of the radioactive contamination for further laboratory analysis. The health physicist on duty must then perform, using the available information, a skin dose assessment that will go into the worker's permanent dose record. The contamination situations are often complex and the dose assessment can be laborious. This article compares five dose assessment methods that involve analysis, new technologies and new software. The five methods are applied to 13 actual contamination incidents consisting of direct skin contact, contamination on clothing and contamination on clothing in the presence of an air gap between the clothing and the skin. This work shows that, for the cases studied, the methods provided dose estimates that were usually within 12% (1σ) of each other, for those cases where absolute activity information for every radionuclide was available. One method, which relies simply on a G-M pancake probe measurement, appeared to be particularly useful in situations where a contamination sample could not be recovered for laboratory analysis.
A Novel Riemannian Framework for Shape Analysis of Annotated Surfaces

We present a novel, parameterization-invariant method for shape analysis of annotated surfaces. While the method can handle various types of annotation including color and texture, in this paper we focus on soft landmark annotations. Landmark annotations are commonly provided in various applications including medical imaging where an expert marks points of interest on the objects. Most methods in current literature either study shapes using landmarks only or surfaces only. In either case, the analyst is forced to ignore a lot of useful information. We propose a novel representation of surfaces that can jointly incorporate shape and landmark annotation. Our framework properly removes all shape preserving transformations from the representation space including translation, scale, rotation and re-parameterization. We present results of comparing, averaging and classifying annotated shapes on toy and real data.
Creative design: analysis, ontology and stimulation

This paper establishes an ontology of creativity and innovation processes. A comprehensive review was undertaken describing the four key perspectives of creativity research, namely the creative-output, -process, -person and -environment. The focus of this review is based around the metrics for measuring creativity from each of the above perspectives. These metrics are drawn together in a common model which highlights key considerations when attempting to measure creativity. It was observed that many of the measurements were trying to identify patterns associated with creativity which correlated to a higher potential for creative output. It is argued that metrics linked directly to the creative output provide direct measure for creativity when other metrics related to the environment, person and process are correlated positively or negatively with the potential for creativity. In addition, the FBS framework established from design literature is linked to the principle of continuity argued as a necessary element of creativity in design. It is also argued that innovation requires creativity as an enabler.
The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS): Development, Design, and Dissemination

Little is known about access, sources, and trust of cancer-related information, or factors that facilitate or hinder communication on a populationwide basis. Through a careful developmental process involving extensive input from many individuals and organizations, the National Cancer Institute(NCI)developed the Health Information National Trends Survey(HINTS)to help fill this gap. This nationally representative telephone survey of 6,369 persons aged ≥ 18 years among the general population was first conducted in 2002–2003, and will be repeated biennially depending on availability of funding. The purpose of creating a population survey to be repeated on a cyclical basis is to track trends in the public's rapidly changing use of newcommunication technologies while charting progress in meeting health communication goals in terms of the public's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The HINTS survey instrument was built upon extant models of health communication and behavior change, taking into account the rapidly changing communication environment. Questions in the survey were drawn from an overall theoretical framework that juxtaposed the“push”aspects of traditional broadcast media against the“pull”aspects of new media. HINTS data will be made widely available for researchers and practitioners; it will help further research in health communication and health promotion and provide useful information for programs, policies, and practices in a variety of settings.
A Collection of Robust Organic Synthesis Reactions for In Silico Molecule Design

A focused collection of organic synthesis reactions for computer-based molecule construction is presented. It is inspired by real-world chemistry and has been compiled in close collaboration with medicinal chemists to achieve high practical relevance. Virtual molecules assembled from existing starting material connected by these reactions are supposed to have an enhanced chance to be amenable to real chemical synthesis. About 50% of the reactions in the dataset are ring-forming reactions, which fosters the assembly of novel ring systems and innovative chemotypes. A comparison with a recent survey of the reactions used in early drug discovery revealed considerable overlaps with the collection presented here. The dataset is available encoded as computer-readable Reaction SMARTS expressions from the Supporting Information presented for this paper.
Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound array transducer with 31 channels for photoacoustic imaging

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that has been studied by many research groups. It surpasses the penetration-depth limits of optical imaging and is able to provide functional imaging for tumor-vascular interactions and hemoglobin oxygenation mapping. The imaging quality is dominated by the transducer performance; thus, the transducer plays an important role. In this study, we examined a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (pMUT) array with 10 MHz resonant frequency for PAI systems. pMUTs can be used with array or endoscopic probes due to their small size by bulk micromachining process. Additionally, their receiving sensitivity and power efficiency are higher than those of general thickness-mode piezoelectric transducers.
A NOVEL SPAM CAMPAIGN IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS

A NOVEL SPAM CAMPAIGN IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS By Yufeng Zhen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013. Major Director: Meng Yu, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science The increasing popularity of the Online Social Networks (OSNs) has made the OSNs major targets of spammers. They aim to illegally gather private information from users and spread spam to them. In this paper, we propose a new spam campaign that includes following key steps: creating fake accounts, picking legitimate accounts, forming friendships, earning trust, and spreading spam. The unique part in our spam campaign is the process of earning trust. By using social bots, we significantly lower the cost of earning trust and make it feasible in the real world. By spreading spam at a relatively low speed, we make the life span of our fake accounts much longer than in traditional spam campaigns. This means the trust we have earned can be used multiple times instead of only one time in traditional spam campaigns. We evaluate our spam campaign by comparing it with the traditional campaign, and the comparison shows that our spam campaign is less detectable and more efficient than the traditional campaign.
Thin glass based packaging technologies for optoelectronic modules

The novel packaging approach glassPack is introduced as System-in-Package (SiP) technology. Wiring length can be reduced and integration density can be increased by stacking different assembled substrate layers and interconnecting them with one another resulting in 3D-SiP. Glass is an excellent material because of matched coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to silicon, high thermal load, dielectricity and high optical transparency over a wide wavelength range. Commercially available thin glass foils can be used as substrate material for electronic and optoelectronic modules. The goal of our ongoing development is making glass based packaging competitive with polymer based (e.g. chip-in-polymer) or silicon based packaging (e.g. silicon-through-via, stacked dies by wire bonding). Our work is focused on conductor trace and through-via realization as well as optical lightwave circuits integration using glass as substrate material. For through-vias in glass, holes were drilled in glass wafers by different laser technologies or etched using photosensitive glass and evaluated. Conductor traces and through-via interconnects were deposited on glass. Also, optical waveguide and fluidic channel integration in glass substrates were investigated. This paper presents the first demonstrator of our glass based packaging technology targeting sensor applications. Two silicon dies, a laser diode, two photodiodes and a fluidic-optical chip were mounted on a glass substrate and interconnected by 3D electrical wiring.
COMPUTATION OF THE 2D TRANSVERSE WAKE FUNCTION OF AN ELECTRON-CLOUD FOR DIFFERENT PARAMETERS

A PIC simulation of the interaction of a positive charged bunch with an e-cloud yields the wake kick from the electrons on the tail particles of the bunch. The wake is induced from a certain offset in the transverse position of the head parts of the bunch which perturbs the electron distribution. Such pre-computed wake functions of each offset part of the bunch are forming a matrix which could be used for investigating a single bunch stability under several assumptions. In this paper we investigate the linear scalability of the wakeoeld with the offset value. Furthermore we investigate the wakeoeld values for different realistic electron densities. Another important parameter for realizing the single bunch stability simulation is the optimal number of bunch slices in longitudinal direction. Here we study the thickness of the slices in conjunction with the mobility of the electrons around the beam axis.
Differential Gene Expression Induced by Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-II through the Insulin Receptor Isoform A*

The human insulin receptor (IR) exists in two isoforms (IR-A and IR-B). IR-A is a short isoform, generated by the skipping of exon 11, a small exon encoding for 12 amino acid residues at the carboxyl terminus of the IR α-subunit. Recently, we found that IR-A is the predominant isoform in fetal tissues and malignant cells and binds with a high affinity not only insulin but also insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II). To investigate whether the activation of IR-A by the two ligands differentially activate post-receptor molecular mechanisms, we studied gene expression in response to IR-A activation by either insulin or IGF-II, using microarray technology. To avoid the interfering effect of the IGF-IR, IGF-II binding to the IR-A was studied in IGF-IR-deficient murine fibroblasts (R- cells) transfected with the human IR-A cDNA (R-/IR-A cells). Gene expression was studied at 0.5, 3, and 8 h. We found that 214 transcripts were similarly regulated by insulin and IGF-II, whereas 45 genes were differentially transcribed. Eighteen of these differentially regulated genes were responsive to only one of the two ligands (12 to insulin and 6 to IGF-II). Twenty-seven transcripts were regulated by both insulin and IGF-II, but a significant difference between the two ligands was present at least in one time point. Interestingly, IGF-II was a more potent and/or persistent regulator than insulin for these genes. Results were validated by measuring the expression of 12 genes by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. In conclusion, we show that insulin and IGF-II, acting via the same receptor, may differentially affect gene expression in cells. These studies provide a molecular basis for understanding some of the biological differences between the two ligands and may help to clarify the biological role of IR-A in embryonic/fetal growth and the selective biological advantage that malignant cells producing IGF-II may acquire via IR-A overexpression.