Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra-Puparial Development of Flesh Fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

Intra-puparial development of forensically important and myiasis-producing flesh fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) was studied. In the laboratory, second-generation pupae (n = 240) were dissected and photographed using digital camera and SEM for more elaborative description. Intrapuparial development of this species was studied with the description of larva-pupa apolysis phase, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa and pharate adult stages. Total time for pupal development was about 252 h under laboratory conditions.
The crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) byproducts, can be used as a source of non-degradable protein in the rumen? = Coprodutos de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) podem ser utilizados como fonte de proteina não degrádavel no rúmen?

To evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of crambe byproducts (meal and crushed) and proteic supplements formulated with crushed crambe (0; 2.5; 5; 10 and 15%);, five crossbred steers with average weight of 485±14 kg, were used. All the animal were kept in individual paddocks of 0.25 ha on Urochloa brizantha ( syn. Brachiaria brizantha ). It was observed a greater soluble fraction, higher effective degradability at 5%/h and higher degradation rate “c” and, consequent, lower indigestible fraction for crambe crushed ground in the sieve of 3 mm. The effective degradability at 5%/h was lower for the crambe crushed (55.42) in relation to the meal (48.80). The diet with 5% of inclusion of crambe showed higher effective degradability for dry matter (54.86%) and lower fraction “I” (30.64%) associated with higher fractions “c” and “b”. Crambe ground in sieves of 1 and 3 mm mesh presented the highest degradability. Crushed crambe showed higher ruminal degradation than crambe meal; the crambe byproducts possibility can be use as a source of non-degradable protein in the rumen.
THE GUILD OF SAPROBIONTIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH ANTS (FORMICOIDEA)

At least 14 different saprobiontic species of Rhabditida are intimately associated with ants on different continents. These myrmecophilous nematodes belong in particular to Diploscapter and Sclerorhabditis , and to the Oscheius Dolichura group (all "Rhabditidae"). Species of Diplogastridae and Halicephalobus (Panagrolaimidae) are rarely found in association with ants, but some records do exist . Oscheius janeti is argued here to be a separate species. Dauerlarvae of all these species invade the postpharyngeal glands of ants via the mouth (including as a result of trophallaxis) and, after some time and under suitable conditions, leave them the opposite way to complete their life cycle. These species usually propagate in the debris of ants' nests using ants as a means of dispersal (endophoresis). Species which live in certain saprobic biochores (such as slime flux) frequented by ants enter the ants to survive the unfavourable conditions of their habitat. Mostly the infestation rate is very low. Most field-collected ants contain no nematodes, and more than ten specimens are rarely found in one ant. The infestation rate increases in formicaria in the laboratory. There are some indications that dauerlarvae obtain nutrients from the carrier/host, so they may perhaps be viewed as facultatively larval parasitic. Queens, which have the potential to found a new colony, have also been documented to be infested. New nematode records from Solenopsis, from Azteca in domatia of Tococa (Melastomataceae) and Cecropia (Urticaceae), from Crematogaster in domatia of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae), and from the fungus-growing Acromyrmex and Atta are reported . The nematode-ant relationship and distinctive organ specificity of the dauerlarvae to the postpharyngeal glands of ants has been attained by convergent evolution no less than nine times. It is expected that living together with saprobiontic nematodes in m yrmecophilous plants offers some kind of benefit to ants.
Ingestion of infected roots by feral pigs provides a minor vector pathway for kauri dieback disease Phytophthora agathidicida

Auckland Council, Private Bag 92300, Auckland 1142, New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North 4157, New Zealand Massey University, Tennent Dr, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Osteological identification criteria for Capra pyrenaica and Capra hircus validated with DNA

The taxonomic identification of Capra hircus and Capra pyrenaica from bone remains is essential in order to be able to infer a prehistoric society’s subsistence strategy. Although osteometry is the criterion that is typically used to distinguish both of these species, Sarrion (1988) also defined morphological characteristics for distinguishing them. The objective of this work is to validate these morphological criteria with the genetic identification of ovicaprine bone remains from Palaeolithic and Neolithic levels of the Chaves site (Sierra de Guara, Huesca). The preliminary results indicate that the astragalus and calcaneus are more adequate for identifying Capra pyrenaica and Capra hircus and the discrimination criteria of mandibles and metacarpals are called into question
The contribution of cold air pooling to the distribution of a rare and endemic plant of the Alps

Background: The topographic complexity typical of alpine landscapes creates a variety of (micro)climatic conditions that may mitigate the effects of a warming climate on alpine plants via such mechanisms as cold air pooling (CAP). Aims: Our primary objectives were to (1) assess whether landscape potential for CAP as a predictor improved species distribution models (SDMs) projections and (2) quantify the impact of CAP on the microclimate experienced by alpine plants compared to the macroclimate. Methods: We selected the Maritime Alps as our study area, located on the French–Italian border, and its rare endemic plant, Saxifraga florulenta, as model taxon. We generated a spatial layer in GIS (Geographic Information System) that reflected the potential of the landscape for CAP and ran five SDM algorithms with and without CAP layer as a predictor. Second, we recorded the microclimate plants experience with temperature loggers. Results: CAP as a predictor decreased the omission error of SDMs, mostly at low and mid elevations, where topography may buffer extreme temperatures, resulting in a more stable microclimate compared to macroclimate. Conclusions: We have shown that plants in an alpine landscape may be less exposed to climate warming than predicted by macroclimate. Topo-climatic GIS layers for SDM projections in mountain environments should integrate such physical mechanisms as CAP.
Study of diacylglycerol-activated TRPC6 channels in murine cortical neurons and their roles in the transport of transition metals

Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 6 (TRPC6) form diacylglycerol (DAG)-activated non-selective cation channels expressed in a variety of tissues and cells. They are for instance expressed in the cortex of embryonic (E13) mice. Cellular calcium imaging experiments show the existence of DAG-sensitive plasma membrane cation channels in cortical neurons kept in culture. These channels are permeable to Ca2+, Na+, Ba2+ and Mn2+. The Ca2+ entry, not controlled by protein kinase C, is blocked by Gd3+ and SKF-96365 but potentiated by flufenamic acid. Hyperforin, which activates TRPC6 channels without acting on the other TRPC isoforms, triggers an entry of Ca2+ via non-selective cation channels. Although the exact molecular identity of the DAG-sensitive channels in cortical neurons has not yet been established, we suggest that TRPC6 form these channels. Quantitative analyses with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry and synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence (µ-SXRF) show that over-expressing TRPC6 in HEK-293 cells elevates the intracellular contents of zinc, sulphur and manganese. Cellular iron and zinc imaging experiments indicate that TRPC6 channels, either over-expressed in HEK cells or endogenously present in cortical neurons, are permeable to iron and zinc when activated by DAG or hyperforin. The experiments with µ-SXRF further reveal that activating TRPC6 channels in the presence of iron leads to an intracellular iron accumulation in both HEK cells and cortical neurons. In addition, during the time course of this study, we provided experimental evidence showing that flufenamic acid and hyperforin, two pharmacological tools used to manipulate the activity of TRPC6 channels, release Ca2+ and Zn2+ from mitochondria.
Influence of different types of sugars in physalis jellies

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of sugar (white refined sugar, white crystal sugar, demerara sugar, brown sugar and coconut sugar) on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of physalis ( Physalis L) jelly. In addition, we evaluated the influence of the information on the acceptability of the product. It was found that the type of sugar greatly influences the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of physalis jelly which reflects differences in the product acceptability. Due to higher sensory acceptance, white refined, white crystal and demerara sugars are the most suitable for processing jellies. It was also found that the sugar type information and its benefits has no significant influence on sensory acceptance of physalis jelly and that consumers have a preference for a clearer, less sweet, more acidic and softer jelly. Keywords: Physalis peruviana ; white sugar; demerara sugar; brown sugar; coconut sugar; processing.
Pelleting Diets Impairs TRAMP Prostate Carcinogenesis

Diets rich in soy products may reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Daidzein, the major isoflavone present in soy germ, can be metabolized by the gut microbiota into equol. The effects of daidzein and equol on PCa have not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding 2% soy germ, 92 ppm daidzein, or 88 ppm equol diets on the progression of PCa in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. 3-week old male C57BL/6 X FVB TRAMP mice were weaned from our breeding colony and immediately acclimated to an AIN-93G control diet for one week. At 4 weeks of age, mice (n = 30 per diet group) were randomized to one of four pelleted study diets until 18 weeks of age. Unexpectedly, we did not detect any statistical differences in cancer incidence between diets. We suggest that these results are due to the physical attributes of the pelleted diets in the current study. Mice fed pelleted diets had reduced food intake and significantly decreased body weights (p < 0.001) compared to previous studies. A reduction in food intake is known to reduce cancer incidence in a number of cancer models and is likely to have contributed to the decrease in expected cancer incidence in the current study. In conclusion, we suggest that the hardness of the diets pellets could result in a decreased cancer incidence in TRAMP mice.
The role of polychaete Nereis diversicolor in bioremediation of wastewater and its growth performance and fatty acid composition in an integrated culture system with Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of polychaete Nereis diversicolor in bioremediation of waste water and its growth performance and fatty acid composition in an integrated culture system with great sturgeon, Huso huso. Three treatments consisting of N. diversicolor fed with H. huso waste (FNW), N. diversicolor fed with fish feed waste (NW), and fish waste without the worm (FW) were considered at water temperature of 23°C for 8 weeks. The obtained results demonstrated that N. diversicolor in the flow-through system could grow via feeding with the fish waste water. The pure production and survival rate of harvested Nereis in NW treatment were significantly higher than those of FNW treatment (p .05). The highest removal efficiency of waste water including total nitrogen (56%), total phosphorus (53%), NO2-N (91%), NH3-N (35%), PO4-P (47%), BOD5 (60%) were seen in FNW treatment. Also, the highest additional efficiency of NO3-N occurred in FW (37%) treatment. Certain fatty acids specifically 20:5 ω3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) and 22:6 ω6 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) were also abundant in Nereis, and analysis revealed some differences due to the diet. These results demonstrated that the promotion of growth by cultured Nereis can enhance the decomposition rate of organic matter in enriched sediment and minimize negative effects in fish farms. These results also suggest that the use of N. diversicolor is an excellent potential candidate for an integrated aquaculture and nutrient recycling including the removal of organic wastes.
Running-induced Functional Mobility Improvement in the Elderly Males is Driven by Enhanced Plasma BDNF Levels and the Modulation of Global Histone H4 Acetylation Status

Background: Emerging evidence point out that exercise is an epigenetic modulator and is able to alter brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in different populations. However, little is known about the impact of exercise on these markers in well-trained aged individuals, making this research topic particularly relevant. Objectives: Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the impact of the regular running practice on global histone H4 acetylation and brain–derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as on the functional mobility in healthy elderly males. Methods: Fifteen male volunteers aged 60 years and older were recruited. They were allocated into 2 groups: runners (RUN, n = 8) and sedentary (SED, n = 7), taking into account the question that they were sedentary or amateur street runners. Whole blood samples (15 mL) were collected for the biochemical measurements and the functional mobility assessment was performed through the timed up and go (TUG) test. The biochemical analyses were determined using specific kits, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: The RUN group showed a significant increase in plasma BDNF levels (P = 0.007) and H4 hypoacetylation status (P < 0.001) in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), compared with the SED individuals. The RUN group also presented significantly lower values in TUG, an indicative of better motor performance (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Collectively, the current study data suggested that the modulation of histone H4 acetylation status might emerge as an important biomarker related to the elderly runners phenotype. The data also supported the idea that the running practice enhances peripheral BDNF levels, which could be linked to the functional mobility improvement in the elderly runners.
Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Diversity of Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are normal flora of human gastrointestinal tract. The evo‐ lution encoded by horizontally-transferred genetic (HGT) elements has been perceived in several species. E. coli strains have acquired virulence potential factors by attainment of particular loci through HGT, transposons or phages. The heterogeneous nature of these strains is because of HGT through mobile genetic elements. These genetic exchanges that occur in bacteria provide the genetic diversity. A diverse enterobacterial species of E. coli is classified into (i) commensal nonpathogenic, (ii) intestinal and (iii) extraintestinal pathogenic strains. This is related to the presence or absence of regions which are associated with certain pathotypes. The genetic information belongs to the flexible E. coli genome and it has been horizontally acquired by plasmids, bacteriophages and genomic islands. The rapid evolution of E. coli variants results from the genomic regions, contribute to frequently rearrangements, excision and transfer as well as acquisition of additional genome thus resulting to the creation of new (pathogenic) variants. HGT is a key step in the evolution of bacterial pathogens. This study is focused on determining the common virulence factors as a signature at the genetic level to use for classification, diversity and evolution of E. coli.
Comparison of cell markers expression in canine and human spontaneous osteosarcomas and established osteosarcoma cell lines.

Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensic Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; Histopathological Laboratory Hist-Med. s.c. N.Z. M. Kosinski. P.Prajs, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland *Corresponding author: dominik.poradowski@gmail.com
Morphophylogenetic study of Sydowiellaceae reveals several new genera

Sydowiellaceae is a poorly studied family of the order Diaporthales, comprising a collection of morphologically diversified taxa. Eleven genera have been previously listed under this family. In this study, we provide a DNA sequence-based phylogeny for genera of Sydowiellaceae based on analyses of a combined LSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF sequence dataset to establish the boundaries within the family. We introduce, describe, and illustrate three new genera, Italiomyces, Ranulospora, and Tenuiappendicula, based on newly collected specimens. Another three new genera, Alborbis, Breviappendix, and Paragnomonia are introduced to accommodate Cryptodiaporthe galericulata, Gnomonia rosae, G. rostellata, G. rubi, and G. fragariae. Alborbis galericulata comb. nov., Breviappendix rubi comb. nov., B. rosae comb. nov., B. rostellata comb. nov. and Paragnomonia fragariae comb. nov. are proposed. Two new species, Sydowiella centaureii and Sillia karstenii, are introduced with descriptions and illustrations. Winterella is replaced with a new genus Tortilispora typified by T. aurantiaca. Three new combinations are proposed in Tortilispora. We synonymize Stegophora under Lambro based on morphological similarities. An updated key for genera of Sydowiellaceae is presented.
Auxin-mediated Gravitropism of Arabidopsis thaliana

Gravitropism is an important tropic response in plants that allows the ability to respond to changes in orientation and to modify growth to maintain specific patterns of growth with respect to gravity. Gravitropism is controlled by a group of hormones called auxins. There are three steps that contribute to the response: the perception of the gravity signal, the differential flow of auxin, and the transcriptional control of auxin related genes. The so-called sine law of gravitropism states that the magnitude of a plants’ gravity response is proportional to the sine of the angle between the organ axis and the vertical. This model has since been described in many species, but the molecular basis of the mechanism remains unclear. Using kinetics experiments, auxin-mediated gravity response in Arabidopsis roots was confirmed to be angle-dependent. The auxin reporter R2D2 was used to quantify previously unreported angle-dependent auxin asymmetries that likely govern gravity response in primary and lateral roots. The subcellular localisation of auxin efflux carriers, known as PINs, were quantified in the gravity-sensing cells of primary roots. It was found that as the angle of stimulation increases, PINs are targeted more to the basal plasma membrane. Evidence for angle-specific contributions of PINs was also found. Other components of gravity response were also considered. The role of auxin signalling in the gravity-perception and response in Arabidopsis roots and shoots was investigated using gravity-sensing cell- and epidermal cell-specific promoters expressing mutated versions of Aux/IAA and ARF auxin signalling regulators. Gravitropism assays with these transgenic lines indicate that auxin signalling is necessary in the gravity-sensing cells of the primary root, however, its exact role is still unclear.
Progeny Studies and Genotype X Environment Interactions for Yield and Other Characters in Sweet Potatoes, Ipomoea Batatas, L. (Path Analysis, Heritability, Correlations).

I N T R O D U C T I O N . ■. 1 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY . 1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE S T U D Y . 3 LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS . 5 SWEET POTATO RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES . 9 YIELD COMPONENT ANALYSIS . 11 HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF SOME IMPORTANT CHARACTERS . 14 GENETIC CORRELATIONS . 17 DIRECT AND INDIRECT GENETIC ADVANCE . 18 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 20 GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT (G X E) TRIAL IN 1 9 8 1 . 20 Environments . 22 Experimental Design . 23 D a t a . 23 Statistical Analyses . 25 Analysis of Variance . 25 Missing D a t a . 27 Correlations . 27 Yield Components. 27 Pathway Analysis . 27 The Genotype by Environment Analysis . 30 PROGENY STUDY . 31 N u r s e r y . 31 M a t e r i a l . 32 Local T r i a l . 32 IITA T r i a l . 32 Swamp Trial . 32 Experimental Design . 37 D a t a . 39 Statistical Analyses . 40 Analysis of Variance and Covariance . 40 iv Table of
Noise control is a primary function of microRNAs and post-transcriptional regulation

microRNAs are pervasive post-transcriptional regulators of protein-coding genes in multicellular organisms. Two fundamentally different models have been proposed for the function of microRNAs in gene regulation. In the first model, microRNAs act as repressors, reducing protein concentrations by accelerating mRNA decay and inhibiting translation. In the second model, in contrast, the role of microRNAs is not to reduce protein concentrations per se but to reduce fluctuations in these concentrations. Here we present genome-wide evidence that mammalian microRNAs frequently function as noise controllers rather than repressors. Moreover, we show that post-transcriptional noise control has been widely adopted across species from bacteria to animals, with microRNAs specifically employed to reduce noise in regulatory and context-specific processes in animals. Our results substantiate the detrimental nature of expression noise, reveal a universal strategy to control it, and suggest that microRNAs represent an evolutionary innovation for adaptive noise control in animals. Highlights Genome-wide evidence that microRNAs function as noise controllers for genes with context-specific functions Post-transcriptional noise control is universal from bacteria to animals Animals have evolved noise control for regulatory and context-specific processes
Modeling Zika Virus Congenital Eye Disease: Differential Susceptibility of Fetal Retinal Progenitor Cells and iPSC-Derived Retinal Stem Cells to Zika Virus Infection

Zika virus (ZIKV) causes microcephaly and congenital eye disease that is characterized by macular pigment mottling, macular atrophy, and loss of foveal reflex. The cell and molecular basis of congenital ZIKV infection are not well understood. Here, we utilized a biologically relevant cell-based system on human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells (FRPE) and iPSC-derived retinal stem cells (iRSCs) to model ZIKV-ocular cell injury processes. FRPEs were highly susceptible to ZIKV, resulting in apoptosis and decreased viability, whereas iRSCs showed reduced susceptibility. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of infected FRPE cells revealed the activation of innate immune and inflammatory response genes, and dysregulation of cell survival pathways, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, phagocytosis, and particle internalization. Nucleoside analogue drug treatment inhibited ZIKV replication and prevented apoptosis. In conclusion, ZIKV affects ocular cells of different developmental stages resulting in cellular injury and death, further providing molecular insight into the pathogenesis of congenital eye disease.