Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modafinil for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of off-label use of modafinil in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)–related fatigue. Data Sources: Literature was accessed via MEDLINE (1966–January 2010) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1960–2010), using the medical subject heading terms modafinil, multiple sclerosis, and fatigue. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language, peer reviewed publications were analyzed for relevance. Studies appropriate to the objective were evaluated, including 3 open-label trials, 1 single-blind trial, and 2 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Data Synthesis: Fatigue symptoms, assessed by a variety of self-reported symptom scales, improved in each of the uncontrolled studies reviewed when participants with MS received modafinil 200 mg or less daily for up to 12 weeks. These benefits were not maintained, however, in one uncontrolled study when modafinil was increased to 400 mg daily. Of the 2 randomized, controlled trials, 1 study found that modafinil 200 mg once daily resulted in a reduction in fatigue symptoms measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale at 8 weeks. The other study found no difference in the reduction of fatigue symptoms, measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale at 5 weeks, between the placebo group and patients who received modafinil 100–200 mg twice daily. The most common adverse reactions associated with modafinil use in all studies included gastrointestinal and central nervous system effects. Conclusions: Based on the available data, use of modafinil for the treatment of MS-related fatigue has demonstrated benefit in all uncontrolled studies but has conflicting results from 2 controlled studies. Modafinil is a reasonable therapeutic option in this patient population, although larger, long-term, randomized controlled studies are necessary to further elucidate the appropriate dose of modafinil, its effects on MS-related fatigue, and adverse effects associated with its use.
The contribution of the mental health support worker to the mental health services in New Zealand: an Appreciative Inquiry approach

The discipline of mental health support work in New Zealand now comprises a sizeable and significant part of the total mental health workforce. This study explores the contribution of mental health support workers taking an Appreciative Inquiry approach. It examines how mental health support workers add value to the quality of mental health services by asking “what is working well? ” It examines possibilities for the role of a mental health support worker and discusses what it is that they do that is different from other health professionals in the mental health sector. The use of an Appreciative Inquiry framework throughout this study resonates with the underpinning philosophy for mental health services in New Zealand. This study acknowledges the Shadow within Appreciative Inquiry and uses this as a positive transformational force. The study of mental health support work remains relatively undeveloped. The findings from this study recognise the contribution being made by this group of health workers, highlighting what is working well and what could be different while examining the nature of relationships between mental health support workers, mental health consumers and other key stakeholders. This study also informs discussion around the regulation/professionalism of the support worker’s role and future workforce development. Mental health support workers, in this study, sought to be part of aspirational service developments. Mental health support workers desired to be regarded as health professionals and to have their input into consumer care sought by other members of the treating team. They saw the need to develop a self-regulating framework that would see them being viewed as health professionals. Through this recognition and valuing of the mental health support worker role they believe they have an important part to play in enhancing the consumer experience. The role of the mental health support worker is different and complementary to the roles of other professionals working in mental health services. Mental health support workers xv facilitate the consumer’s journey of recovery. They are able to spend time with mental health consumers and not have those interactions restricted through legislation. Mental health support workers provide the human contact sought by mental health consumers because their role is seen as non-clinical and non-judgemental. They create space in the life of the consumer that enables hope for recovery to be the consumer’s aspirational future. Managers, educators and other health professionals require an understanding about what it is that mental health support workers bring to the relationship that they have with consumers and how that knowledge can assist other health professionals.
Social Integration and Health Among Asian Indian Immigrants in the United States

Abstract This research examines the relationship between social integration and health status (i.e., prevalence of chronic health conditions) among older first generation Asian Indian (AI) immigrants in the U.S. Data were collected through a telephone survey from 226 respondents (50 years and over) in the Southeastern U.S. The correlates of health status were determined using a Poisson regression analysis. The prevalence of major chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and hypertension in this sample was similar to those found in other studies of AI immigrants. Better health was associated with greater perceived support and having relatives nearby, whereas poorer health was associated with higher body mass index, longer residence in the U.S., being older, and being female. Implications for interventions designed to address the diversity within this immigrant community are discussed.
Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease

Objective: To review the literature describing the efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy and to determine the best treatment option for patients with Parkinson disease (PD), Data Sources: Literature was obtained through MEDLINE/PubMed (1948-September, week 2, 2011) and a bibliographic review of relevant articles. Key words Included Parkinson disease, medication, pharmacotherapy, surgery, deep brain stimulation, and best medical therapy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Five English-language studies that compared the efficacy of DBS as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment versus pharmacologic treatment alone in patients with PD met our inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. Data Synthesis: PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options, and levodopa is considered the pharmacologic gold standard. However, long-term levodopa use leads to decreased efficacy and increased incidence of adverse effects. Hence, DBS has been investigated as an adjunctive option for patients with PD both to overcome the adverse events of levodopa as well as to treat the disease. DBS, when used in conjunction with pharmacologic therapy, has resulted in Improved motor function and quality of life in several trials compared with medication alone. Its benefit is limited by adverse events that are generally more frequent and severe than those with pharmacotherapy alone. Study limitations included small patient population and/or weak design. Conclusions: DBS may be an option as adjunct therapy in patients whose symptoms are no longer controlled with maximum pharmacologic therapy, but benefits of surgery must be weighed against the risks.
Augmented Renal Clearance in the Critically Ill: How to Assess Kidney Function

BACKGROUND: Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients can result in underdosing of life-saving drugs, potentially leading to therapeutic failure. To detect this phenomenon, correct assessment of the kidney function is essential. Currently, little is known about the validity of mathematical formulas to estimate renal function in this subset of patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of different methods to estimate kidney function in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance by comparing measured renal clearance with estimated clearance using different formulas. METHODS: An observational, retrospective, single-center study was conducted in a 34-bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Adults admitted to the SICU in 2010 with a measured creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 120 mL/min or more (based on 24-hour urinary collection) were included. The measured clearance values were compared with estimated clearance values as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault (CrClCG) method and the re-expressed 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formula. Spearman rank order correlation was performed to determine the relationship between measured and estimated clearances. Bland-Altman plots were evaluated to assess bias and limits of agreement between the 2 methods. RESULTS: Records on 1317 patients were screened. Augmented renal clearance was present in 390 patients. Spearman correlation showed fair correlation between measured and estimated clearances (rs = 0.343; p < 0.001 [CrClCG] and rs = 0.290; p < 0.001 [eGFR]). Bias was −11.2 mL/min with limits of agreement (–131.7; 109.3 mL/min [CrClCG]) and −19.9 mL/min with limits of agreement (–170.4; 130.7 mL/min [eGFR]). CONCLUSIONS: Estimated renal clearances, such as the eGFR estimated by the MDRD formula or CrCl estimated by CG, showed poor agreement with measured CrCl values in our critically ill population displaying augmented renal clearance. Clinicians should be cautious when interpreting kidney function based on estimating equations in this subset of patients. Instead, measured CrCl using urinary collection is recommended in patients suspected of displaying augmented renal clearance.
The mesencephalic root of the fifth nerve. A comparative anatomical study

Introduction . Literature . Material and methods . The mesencephalic root of V in fishes . The mesencephalic root of V in amphibians . Tho mesencephalic root of V in reptiles . The mesencephalic root of V in the turtle . The mesencephalic root of V in the alligator .
Targeting blood pressure in the management of total cardiovascular risk

An overwhelming body of evidence has shown that lowering blood pressure (BP) reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, irrespective of the mechanism of action of the agent. Consistent control of BP is of crucial importance. Treatment should effectively lower BP both in the office and out of the office, and BP control should be achieved throughout the 24-h dosing interval. Agents with long half-lives and long duration of action should be considered for therapy. Tolerability is also an important attribute in anti-hypertensive therapy; both physicians and patients report poor tolerability as a key reason for discontinuing or switching therapy. Telmisartan is an example of an anti-hypertensive agent that provides strong BP reductions and smooth control of 24 h BP. It has greater BP-lowering efficacy than losartan, and also reduces BP towards the end of the dosing interval compared with valsartan. In the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial, the largest outcome trial with an angiotensin II receptor blocker and with the broadest cross section of cardiovascular high-risk patients, telmisartan was as protective as ramipril in reducing cardiovascular risk but better tolerated. Notably, the discontinuation rate for telmisartan was consistently lower than that for ramipril despite patients being screened for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor tolerance, which suggests that the differences in tolerability may have practical implications for long-term cardiovascular protection.
Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Children with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma at a Single Institution

Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Children with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma at a Single Institution Ji Sook Kim, M.D., Seom Gim Kong, M.D., Chi Eun Oh, M.D., Ho Yeon Yoo, M.D. and Jae Sun Park, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Seoul Children’s Hospital, Jinhae, Department of Pediatrics, Dong-nam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
Medical Costs and Hospitalizations Among Patients with Depression Treated with Adjunctive Atypical Antipsychotic Therapy: An Analysis of Health Insurance Claims Data

BACKGROUND Depression is frequently debilitating. The American Psychiatric Association recommends adjunctive atypical antipsychotics as a treatment option when response to antidepressants is inadequate. OBJECTIVE To compare medical costs and hospitalizations among patients with depression treated with adjunctive aripiprazole, olanzapine, or quetiapine. METHODS This retrospective analysis used medical and pharmacy claims data and enrollment information from a large US health plan. Patients were adult members of a commercial health plan who were diagnosed with depression (ie, ICD-9-CM 296.2x, 296.3x, or 311) and who received an antidepressant with adjunctive atypical antipsychotic therapy (aripiprazole, olanzapine, or quetiapine) between January 1, 2004, and January 31, 2010. Patients were continuously enrolled for 6-month pre- and 12-month postaugmentation periods. Those with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were excluded. Postaugmentation outcomes were total and mental health–related medical costs and hospitalizations. Costs and hospitalizations were modeled with generalized linear models (ie, gamma distribution, log link) and logistic regression, respectively. Regressions controlled for dose, demographics, and general and medical health–related health status. RESULTS A total of 10,292 patients were identified across atypical antipsychotic cohorts: 3849 used aripiprazole, 1033 used olanzapine, and 5410 used quetiapine. Mean (SD) age was 44.1 (11.6) years and 70.3% were female. Compared with patients in the aripiprazole cohort, those in the olanzapine cohort had higher total medical costs (cost ratio [CR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.39) and higher mental health–related medical costs (CR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.59), as well as higher odds of any (total) hospitalization (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.30–1.92) and any mental health–related hospitalization (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.38). Similarly, the quetiapine cohort had higher total medical costs (CR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.39) and higher mental health–related medical costs (CR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09–1.39), as well as higher odds of any (total) hospitalization (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.44–1.90) and any mental health–related hospitalizations (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.45–2.18), compared with the aripiprazole cohort. CONCLUSIONS Compared with adjunctive olanzapine or quetiapine, adjunctive aripiprazole was associated with lower mean total and mental health–related medical costs and with lower odds of total and mental health–related hospitalizations in patients with depression.
Associations between peer victimization, fear of future victimization and disrupted concentration on class work among junior school pupils.

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that peer victimization is associated with psychological maladjustment, and have implicated such maladjustment in disrupted ability to concentrate. AIMS To investigate the levels of, and associations between, physical, verbal, and social exclusion victimization, fear of future victimization, and disrupted classroom concentration. SAMPLE Participants consisted of 485 pupils aged 10-11 drawn from 11 junior schools in the UK. METHOD Peer- and self-nominations of physical, verbal, and social exclusion victimization were collected in individual interviews. Self-reports of other variables were collected either individually or in small groups. RESULTS A substantial minority of pupils reported high levels of fear of future victimization and disrupted concentration on class work, and girls reported higher levels of fear of future victimization than boys. All three types of self-reported victimization, all three types of peer-reported victimization, and fear of all three types of future victimization predicted disrupted concentration on class work. Fear of future social exclusion moderated the association between peer-reported social exclusion and disrupted concentration on class work. CONCLUSIONS In addition to tackling victimization per se, allaying pupils' fears of it happening to them in the future is called for in order to address a hitherto largely overlooked correlate, and possible source, of disrupted classroom concentration.
Segmentation Using Saliency–color Mapping Technique

The accuracy of face image classification/recognition is absolutely based on the extraction of object of interest in the image. This can be achieved by identifying salient object and eliminating background and other unwanted details. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for object identification and segmentation, which is based on finding fused saliency maps by combining pixel-intensities, visual attracted location of the image and color in the CIEL*a*b* color space. This method uses quadrants and cluster center window of the image without transforming other domain like frequency domain, to obtain saliency maps, in order to minimize time, cost. The object of interest from the original image is segmented using spatial color mapping technique to map saliency image with actual input image using threshold. In order to get perfect segmentation, the input image is subjected to filter and enhanced. This method is effectively applied on data sources such as MSRA, IMM database, and random samplings. The obtained saliency map, subject to binarised, is compared with ground truth using statistical measures such as accuracy, precision and recall, and compared with other methods. As results of this comparison, the proposed method outperforms.
Dementia protective efficacy by the combination of active and passive horticultural therapy for all persons concerned

The benefits of horticultural activities in the garden have been demonstrated to have overall positive effects on the emotional health of elderly persons and care staff. Multi-sensory stimulation is beneficial to a wide variety of conditions typical of geriatric patients. Some therapies for elderly people are based on the philosophy that the activities to be carried out will also be stimulating to the senses. On the other hand, the dynamics of the senses play an important role beyond mere reason and sensibility in people's lives. Dementia should work on one of the high-risk symptoms that a variety of researchers of the whole world work on. And dementia was regarded as one of the lifestyle-related diseases, and it was thought that horticultural therapy was effective in the prevention. A spectral electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis (heart rate variance: HRV analysis) was performed using software, Mem Calc/Tarawa system (GMS, Japan), which is a non-invasive, real-time analysis system. The low-frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) component reflects sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation, whereas the high-frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) component mainly reflects parasympathetic modulation. The LF/HF ratio represents the measure of sympathetic/parasympathetic balance. Results of horticultural therapy garden walking as activity indicated that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during a horticultural therapeutic garden visit was retracted, the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) was confirmed to be enhanced. In this study, we examined influences of active or passive horticultural therapy activities on the psychological condition of all persons concerned. The hand care treatment in the role of the passive activities demonstrated the effectiveness of mind for healthy students and elderly people with dementia. Therefore, when combining and utilizing passive HT with active HT, the benefits of horticultural activities were demonstrated to have overall positive effects on the emotional health of elderly persons and care staff. These dementia preventive effects will be because horticulture and the plants are concerned with human life. We judged that building of horticultural technology by which the sustainability and continuation are possible was indispensable for everyone to share in this effect.
Methodological and Topic Trends in Information Systems Research: A Meta-Analysis of IS Journals

In this paper, we present trends in IS research during a 10-year period (2004 to 2013). Much like its predecessor, Palvia et al. (2004), we provide a long-overdue update. We reviewed all papers from seven major IS journals and coded them based on topics studied, methodologies used, models rendered, and paradigmatic approaches taken. We captured trends in IS research and compared them to previous trends that extend across many periods from past studies. We present major shifts and trends in IS research and discuss voids in the literature. Results reveal that electronic commerce was the most studied topic and that the survey method maintained its dominance in conducting research. Also, the majority of IS researchers used the multi-tier influence diagrams to portray their research models, and the positivist approach was still the most used research approach.
The Use of Multiple Methods to Explore the Impact of Interruptions on Intravenous (IV) Push Delivery

Despite the safety-critical nature of healthcare, it is an interrupt-laden domain. Patient safety organizations have long called for a reduction in interruptions to healthcare workers, in an effort to reduce the likelihood of preventable medical error occurring during patient care. The goal of this research was to examine the impact that interruptions have on nurses’ task performance during medication administration, specifically intravenous (IV) push delivery, and the development of appropriately designed interventions to mitigate the potential harmful effects of interruptions on patient safety. IV push administration errors have been found to be common, and occur when doses are administered faster or slower than recommended. Direct observations found that nurses were interrupted every time they administered an IV push, sometimes more than once. Furthermore, the percentage of nurses who made errors when performing IV pushes during simulated scenarios was significantly higher when interrupted than in the uninterrupted condition. Data collected through focus groups qualitatively described perceptions and preferences that led to the design of a successful and appropriate intervention to solve this important patient safety problem.
Multi-Spectral RGB-NIR Image Classification Using Double-Channel CNN

As 4-sensor line scan camera technology has matured, red (R), green (G), blue (B), and near-infrared (RGB-NIR) datasets have begun to appear in large numbers. The RGB-NIR data contain the rich color features of the RGB image and the sharp edge features of the NIR image. At present, in many studies, the RGB-NIR data are input directly into the processing algorithms for calculation of the 4D data; in these cases, redundant information is included, and the high correlation between the bands results in an inability to fully exploit the characteristics of the RGB-NIR data. In this paper, we propose a double-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm that takes into account the strong correlation between the R, G, and B bands in aerial images and the weaker correlation between the NIR band and the R, G, and B bands. First, the features of the RGB and NIR bands are calculated in two different CNN networks, and subsequently, feature fusion is performed in the fully connected layer. This is followed by the classification. By combining the two neural networks of RGB-CNN and NIR-CNN, the respective characteristics of the RGB-NIR data are fully exploited.