Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sellaphora labernardierei (Sellaphoraceae, Bacillariophyta), a new epilithic species from French spring and four new combinations within the genus Sellaphora

During a floristic survey of freshwater springs in the French Massif Central region, a new Sellaphora species (Bacillariophyceae) was found and is hereby described: Sellaphora labernardierei sp . nov . This new small species, with linear to linear-elliptical valves, slightly inflated in the middle, is formally described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The species has a single H-shaped chloroplast and striae usually biseriate tending to be uniseriate near the centre of the valve. The valve dimensions, the valve, pole and central area shapes, and the striae density and pattern allow their separation from similar taxa belonging to the genera Eolimna , Naviculadicta and Sellaphora . The ecological preferences of Sellaphora labernardierei are mineral waters with high nitrate concentrations. The examination of similar taxa belonging to the genera Eolimna and Naviculadicta and their characteristics lead to propose four new combinations of Sellaphora species.
Genetic Expression Profile Analysis of the Temporal Inhibition of Quercetin and Naringenin on Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG

Plant polyphenols quercetin and naringenin are considered healthy dietary compounds; however, little is known of their effect on the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). In this study it was discovered that both quercetin and naringenin produced temporary inhibition of LGG growth, particularly at 8 hours post inoculation, with LGG eventually recovering from this suppression. The observed growth inhibition was regarded as a phenotypic response of LGG to the polyphenols; we hypothesized that the subsequent recovery was due to unknown, underlying genetic factors. The molecular response of LGG to quercetin and naringenin was determined through RNA analysis using the Helicos single molecule sequencing platform. The expression profiles of LGG grown in the presence of either quercetin or naringenin were divergent from each other, with only a few similarities, indicating that these polyphenols inhibit growth through separate mechanisms. LGG treated with quercetin demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, and a decrease in expression of genes involved in metabolism and protein movement through the cell wall. LGG treated with naringenin resulted in an increase of genes associated with metabolism, and a decrease in genes involved in stress response. Results from this study demonstrate that there is a clear interaction between the polyphenols quercetin and naringenin and the probiotic LGG. The RNA expression analysis provides unique insight into the molecular response of LGG to quercetin and naringenin, revealing an identifiable pattern of gene expression.
Chemical modification of lignocellulosics

Agro-based resources, also referrered to as lignocellulosics, are resources that contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Lignocellulosics include wood, agricultural residues, water plants, grasses, and other plant substances. When considering lignocellulosics as possible engineering materials, there are several very basic concepts that must be considered. First, lignocellulosics are hygroscopic resources that were designed to perform, in nature, in a wet enviomment. Secondly, nature is programmed to recycle lignocellulosics in a timely way through biological, thermal, aqueous, photochemical, chemical, and mechanical degradations. In simple terms, nature builds a lignocellulosic from carbon dioxide and water and has all the tools to recycle it back to the starting
Essential Components of Doctoral Programs for Industrial Technology Education.

Doctoral programs in industrial technology education (ITE) in the United States have received considerable attention and discussion in the literature during the past five decades. Research efforts by Buffer (1979), Kovac (1985), Miller (1984), Tan (1985), and Wolansky and Miller (1981) have contributed insights regarding the developments and changes taking place in doctoral programs over time. Others such as Beach (1991) are proposing possible new directions for doctoral programs. Members of any discipline must have welldefined structures or taxonomies to use as a guide when developing new knowledge or examining current practices. The development or establishment of this structure requires the knowledge and skills gained in a doctoral program. Therefore, in order for members of the discipline to continue to advance it, doctoral programs in ITE must provide strong, effective leadership. Currently, leadership within the field of industrial technology education is being provided, for the most part, by people who have doctoral degrees. For example, the membership of the committees within the International Technology Education Association is composed predominately of persons holding doctoral degrees. Moreover, 75% of the committee chairs within this organization have doctorates. It follows then that the doctoral programs preparing future leaders in the profession must provide the coursework and experiences that will achieve the desired results. To accomplish this end it is necessary for these programs to be based on consistent, welldefined mission statements and appropriate goals. Presently, each department offering a doctoral program creates its own mission statement, goals, and requirements. As a result, programs vary significantly. The intent of our research was to identify the essential components of future doctoral programs in industrial technology education in the United States. The following two objectives were addressed in this study: (a) to identify and classify the major components of doctoral programs and (b) to identify content areas that could be used to form these major components.
Genetic diversity within species

Based on our review of literature and survey of geneticists working on California taxa, we find genetic information lacking for most species in the Sierra Nevada. This situation is likely to remain in the future, with specific groups of taxa or occasional rare or high-interest species receiving specific study. Where we do have empirical information, we find few generalities emerging, except occasionally within closely related or ecologically similar taxa. Despite these difficulties in assessing genetic diversity, we direct attention to situations estimated to be most deserving of attention from a genetic standpoint. Severe wildfire: With the significantly increased risk of severe fires currently facing the Sierra Nevada, large, stand-replacing fires present significant risks to gene pools of most middleand low-elevation Sierran forests, with direct and indirect consequences to the genetic diversity of plants and animals that live
Current distribution of the american marten, Martes americana , in California

We describe the current distribution of the American marten, Martes americana, in California based on field surveys conducted between 1989 and 1995 that used either sooted track-plates or cameras. The Sierra Nevada marten, M. a. sierrae, occupies much of Its historic range from northwestern Shasta County to the southern Sierra Nevada. The Humboldt marten, M.a. humboldtensis, in Humboldt and Del Norte counties, is extremely rare or extinct. We recommend defining the current distributions of rare or secretive species by techniques that produce verifiable records rather than relying on historic or anecdotal reports.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DOMOIC ACID POISONING IN BROWN PELICANS (PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS) AND BRANDT'S CORMORANTS (PHALA CROCORAX PENICILLA TUS) IN CALIFORNIA

In September 1991, an abnormal number of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) died in Santa Cruz, California, from acute poisoning attributed to the marine neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Repeated attempts to isolate viruses or bacteria were unsuccessful, and levels of pesticides (organochlorines and organophos phates) and heavy metals in the seabirds were within normal limits. The only consistent gross and histopathologic lesions observed were hemorrhages and necrosis of the skeletal muscle. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine phosphokinase were elevated in affected birds relative to normal captive birds. The case fatality rate for DA-poisoned pelicans was 69% with more males affected than females. Domoic acid was detected in stomach contents of sick and dead pelicans and cormorants, as well as in the flesh and viscera of northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and in plankton samples dominated by Pseudonitzschia australis. Large numbers of P. australis cells were found in the stomachs of both pelicans and anchovies. It appears that the anchovies obtained the toxin through grazing of P. australis, whereupon seabirds became poisoned through the consumption of the an chovies. This is the first documentation of DA poisoning outside of Atlantic Canada, of its presence in herbivorous finfish, and of the diatom P. australis as a suspected producer of DA.
Karl Pearson's Gresham lectures: W. F. R. Weldon, speciation and the origins of Pearsonian statistics.

The scientific legacy of Karl Pearson and his role as one of the principal architects of the modern theory of mathematical statistics, has generated enough interest to have created an intellectual enterprise on various aspects of his life and work. Despite this interest, Pearson's earliest and most formative statistical work which he delivered in thirty of his thirty-eight Gresham lectures from 17 November 1891 to 11 May 1894 has, to date, been given very little consideration. Pearson is perhaps, best known to historians of science for his first eight Gresham lectures, delivered in London in February and May, 1891, on ‘The Scope and Method of Modern Science’, as these lectures were published with modification in the Grammar of Science in 1892. The only discussions which have emerged from some of the other thirty lectures have come from Egon Pearson and Steve Stigler. As the great bulk of these lectures have not been fully utilized, previous attempts to identify the impetus to his statistical work have been derived either from his teaching of correlation at University College London in 1895–96 or from his third statistical paper which, in part, addresses Francis Galton's work on simple correlation and simple regression. In spite of the emphasis on Galton's work on simple correlation and regression, little attention has been given to Pearson's more innovative work in that paper, which includes his development of the following statistical methods: multiple correlation, multiple regression, the standard error of estimate, the coefficient of variation and the use of determinantal matrix algebra for biometrical methods. This use of a higher form of algebra not only provided a most striking departure from earlier forms and uses of statistics, but it led to an increasing specialization in the emerging discipline of ‘mathematical statistics’.
Capítulo IV Diet composition and trophic ecology of three sympatric insectivorous lizard species in a highly anthropized area in the eastern Iberian peninsula

Trophic ecology is one of the most important aspects of a species’ ecology and it is crucial when trying to assess how different species interact in an ecosystem. Showing how the diet intraspecifically changes in different body sizes, sexes or habitats and how trophic resources are shared interspecifically allows to understand how the ecosystem functions. With this objective, we studied the diet and trophic ecology of Acanthodactylus erythrurus, Psammodromus algirus and Psammodromus edwardsianus, which are in syntropy in the Albufera de Valencia Natural Park. We collected a total of 485 faecal samples and could identify 18 different prey groups. The main prey groups in A. erythrurus were Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera; in P. algirus, Lepidoptera, Arachnida, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera; and in P. edwardsianus, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Arachnida. Our results show that A. erythrurus seems to be the most specialized species, having the lowest values of trophic niche amplitude and the lowest intraspecific diet variation. Although this species is known to feed mainly on ants, our results indicate that mirmecophagy seems to be especially important in juveniles. Indeed we observed in all three species a niche separation between small and big individuals, indicating that diet changes with age. We could also evidence a resource partitioning between A. erythrurus and P. algirus, presenting a niche overlap of only 51.6%. In conclusion, there are various factors playing together shaping the diet of a species in a certain environment: behavioural, ecological, environmental and physiological factors.
HOW CAN ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION BE PROMOTED IN SERVICE FIRMS AND WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS? —AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF FRONTLINE EMPLOYEES

The aim of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurial orientation can be promoted in service firms. Previous research seems to have, to a certain extent, taken a broad approach when studying entrepreneurial orientation in service firms. In contrast, this study includes different levels of promoting factors and links these to service firms’ entrepreneurial orientation. It also explores how service firms’ entrepreneurial orientation is linked to both internal and external effects. A conceptual framework is developed and tested in an empirical study, where a total of 299 frontline service employees participated. The findings reveal that open communication, job autonomy and working as a team are the most influential factors in promoting service firms’ entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, the findings support that service firms’ entrepreneurial orientation is closely related to employee commitment as well as driving its competitive power when compared with relevant competitors. The paper discusses contributions and implications of these findings both theoretically and practically.
Agricultural Market Integration in India, WP/20/115, July 2020

We assess the degree of cross-market price discrepancy (a proxy for market integration), its evolution over time, and proximate determinants, using monthly price data for 21 agricultural goods and 60 markets in India. Econometric analysis shows that cross-market price integration is positively associated with the level of transportation infrastructure, and distance between market pairs. There is no robust evidence that price integration has increased in recent years, suggesting that any positive effects of recent policy initiatives are either small, outweighed by the identified determinants of integration, or yet to come. JEL Classification Numbers: F15; E39; O53
Deep Learning for Beam Training in Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Systems

This paper investigates deep learning for beam training in millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Different from the existing work, we explore how the deep learning can be applied for beam training. In particular, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to deal with the nonlinear and nonmonotonic properties of channel power leakage in mmWave communications. Accordingly, we propose two DNN-based beam training (DBT) schemes. The first scheme, named original DBT (ODBT), uses a DNN to predict the beam combination best matching the strongest channel path of the mmWave channel based on the probability vector. The other scheme, named enhanced DBT (EDBT), performs additional beam training tests after obtaining the probability vector. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can achieve satisfactory performance in terms of successful rate and achievable rate with substantially reduced beam training overhead and improved signal coverage.
Muscle Total Lipid, Total Protein, Total Antioxidants, Co Q and Mitochondrial Concentration Analysis in Coq10 Supplemented Broiler Chicken

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com Two hundred and forty (240) numbers of day old broiler straight run chicks were wing banded, weighed and randomly allotted to 5 groups 6 replicates of eight chicks each based on the body weight. The treatments were, Basal diet without CoQ10 supplementation, Low energy diet without CoQ10 supplementation, Low energy diet with 20mg of CoQ10 /kg diet, Low energy diet with 40mg of CoQ10 /kg diet, Low energy diet with 60mg of CoQ10 /kg diet. Muscle total lipid was estimated gravimetrically by using Folch method of lipid extraction. The antioxidant ability of muscle was determined by the method described by Benzie and Strain. One gram of muscle tissue was taken and CoQ10 was extracted by using solvents methanol:hexane. Protein content of meat was estimated by kjeldhal method according to procedure described in AOAC. Hepatic mitochondria were obtained by differential centrifugation as outlined by Cawthon et al., (1999). Mitochondrial protein concentration was estimated as per the method of Lowry et al., 1971. There was a significant difference in protein content of the breast muscle was observed between treatment groups and control. The protein accretion on the muscle ranged from 7 to 9%. The result of the present study agrees with the average value of 22% in breast muscle of broiler chicken.The effect of CoQ10 on muscle lipid did not exhibit any variation. It is understood from the result that CoQ10 on lipid accretion in muscle is negligible. The results of the study clearly proved that antioxidants level was influenced by the level of CoQ10 in the diet. Further the present study also shown that antioxidants status was lower in birds fed less energy in the diet. Our findings agrees with many earlier observations (Littarru et al., 2007), Mates et al., (1999), Kapoor and Kapoor (2013) and Fathi (2015) on antioxidants status due to supplementation of CoQ10. There was no significant difference existed in the mean breast muscle CoQ10 for T3 and T4 group of birds. The mean breast muscle CoQ10 was significantly (P<0.05) lower in low energy diet without CoQ10 supplemented group (T2). The mean muscle mitochondrial protein concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the CoQ10 supplemented group of birds (T3, T4 and T5) in comparison to T2 and groups. There was no significant difference in the mean mitochondrial protein concentration of T3, T4 and T5 groups of chicken. K e y w o r d s Total Lipid, Protein, Antioxidants, Co Q and Mitochondrial concentration Accepted: 10 July 2020 Available Online: 10 August 2020 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 467-473
Removal of invasive shrubs alters light but not leaf litter inputs in a deciduous forest understory

The establishment and spread of non‐native, invasive shrubs in forests poses an important obstacle to natural resource conservation and management. This study assesses the impacts of the physical removal of a complex of woody invasive shrub species on deciduous forest understory resources. We compared leaf litter quantity and quality and understory light transmittance in five pairs of invaded and removal plots in an oak‐dominated suburban mature forest. Removal plots were cleared of all non‐native invasive shrubs. The invasive shrubs were abundant (143,456 stems/ha) and diverse, dominated by species in the genera Ligustrum, Viburnum, Lonicera, and Euonymus. Annual leaf litter biomass and carbon inputs of invaded plots were not different from removal plots due to low leaf litter biomass of invasive shrubs. Invasive shrub litter had higher nitrogen (N) concentrations than native species; however, low biomass of invasive litter led to low N inputs by litter of invasive species compared to native. Light transmittance at the forest floor and at 2 m was lower in invaded plots than in removal plots. We conclude that the removal of the abundant invasive shrubs from a native deciduous forest understory did not alter litter quantity or N inputs, one measure of litter quality, and increased forest understory light availability. More light in the forest understory could facilitate the restoration of forest understory dynamics.
RAPD studies on genomic DNA isolated from antimalarial plants: Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Eucalyptus) and Artemesia annua L. (Artemesia)

This research paper reports a comparision of the genomic DNA constitution between two selected antimalarials plants, i.e., Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Artemisia annua L. The Random Amplification of Polymorhic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to detect the polymorphism between them. Genetic analysis of these plants relies on high yields of pure DNA samples. Optimized conditions for DNA isolation and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) polymerization were provided. The method involves a modified Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) extraction employing polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The yield of DNA ranged from 1-2µg/ µl per gram of the leaf tissue and purity (ratio) was between 1.6-1.7, indicating minimal levels of contaminating metabolites. The isolated DNA was used for RAPD analysis. Reproducible and amplifiable products were observed in all PCR reactions that are polymorphic. The analysis revealed that these two plants showed genomic similarities, hence, it may be useful in paving a gateway for further research to design new modified drugs for malaria.
Facilitation in the low intertidal: effects of an invasive species on the structure of an estuarine macrozoobenthic assemblage

Acknowledgements. A.N. was supported by a PhD Grant (SFRH/BD/86463/2012) and M.I. by a postdoctoral Grant (SFRH/BPD/90088/2012) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through POPH/FSE funds. This study was conducted as part of the project ECO-IAS: Ecosystem-level impacts of an invasive alien species, supported by FCT and COMPETE funds (contract: PTDC/AACAMB/116685/2010). It was also partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through COMPETE funds (PEst-C/MAR/ LA0015/ 2011) and by FCT/MEC through Portuguese funds (PIDDAC - PEst-OE/BIA/UI4050/2014).
Central Cholinergic Agents. I. Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors, 2-[ω-[N-Alkyl-N-(ω-phenyl-alkyl)amino]alkyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones, Based on a New Hypothesis of the Enzyme's Active Site

It has been suggested that the active site of acetylcholinesterase contains a hydrophobic binding site (HBS-1), which is closely adjacent to both the anionic and the esteratic sites. In this paper, we assumed that there exists another hydrophobic binding site (HBS-2), some distance removed from the anionic site. On this assumption, a new working hypothesis was proposed for the design of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A series of 2-[omega-[N-alkyl-N-(omega-phenyl-alkyl)amino]alkyl]-1H- isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones was designed based on this hypothesis and tested for its inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase. Some in this series were revealed to be more potent than physostigmine. Optimum activity was found to be associated with a five carbon chain length separating the benzylamino group from the 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (phthalimide) moiety. Quantitative study of substitution effect on the phthalimide moiety revealed that hydrophilic and electron-withdrawing groups enhance the activity.