Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLEP_A_271543 1347..1353

1Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; 3Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 4Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Background: Some neurogenerative diseases have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer, but the association between motor neuron disease and cancer risk is not well understood. We hypothesized that cancer risk would be lower among those with motor neuron disease and its most common subtype, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of motor neuron disease and cancer risk using routinely collected data from population-based registries in Denmark. We examined cancer incidence among patients diagnosed with motor neuron disease between January 1980 and December 2013 followed through 2013. Using Danish national cancer rates for the study period, we computed standardized incidence ratios as a measure of relative risks. Results: In the cohort of 5053 patients with a motor neuron disease, the overall standardized incidence ratio of any cancer was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.31); the corresponding standardized incidence ratio for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.96–1.57). The standardized incidence ratios of any cancer in the cohort with motor neuron disease was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.22–1.87) for <1 year of follow-up; 0.87 (95% CI, 0.68–1.09) for years 1–5 of follow-up; and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01–1.46) for >5 years of followup. Beyond one year of follow-up, patients in the motor neuron disease had elevated standardized incidence ratios for lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and basal cell skin cancer. Conclusion: Findings fail to support the hypothesis that motor neuron disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with reduced cancer incidence. An elevated risk of cancer during the first year of follow-up may be attributable to heightened surveillance.
A New Semantic Trajectory Ontology Model for Modelling and Reasoning on Movement Data

Recently several types of research have been suggested in the last few years for modelling and analyzing raw movement data, but they mainly concentrate on studying the geometric view of raw trajectory data and do not consider the semantic facet of moving objects. Therefore, the major challenge in trajectory data modelling and reasoning is the definition of techniques to enrich raw movement data semantically. In this work, we investigate a new semantic trajectory ontology model for modelling moving objects by considering several semantic features and also reasoning on them. The model can be applied to the inference of different activity types. The reasoning mechanism is used to achieve further semantic enrichment that puts together different levels of information of the domain. The performance of the approach was tested and evaluated using a dataset, which was acquired by a user over a year in the City of Calgary.
Draft of October 15, 2003 Forthcoming in Industrial Relations Symposium on Living Wages Living Wage Policies at San Francisco Airport Impacts on Workers and Businesses

This paper evaluates the costs, benefits and related impacts of living wage policies implemented at the San Francisco Airport (SFO). Unlike other living wage ordinances, the policies at SFO cover a large proportion of the low-wage labor force in a distinct labor market. We find that about 73 percent of the ground-based non-managerial workers at SFO received substantial wage increases as a direct or indirect result of the policies; the proportion of these workers earning under $10 per hour fell from 55 percent to 5 percent, significantly reducing earnings inequality. Other benefits to workers included enhanced health benefits and an arrest of declines in quality of life indices. The costs of the policies to employers amounted to an average of 0.7 percent of revenue, or $1.42 per airline passenger. We observe a series of dynamic adjustments that reduced those costs, including dramatically reduced turnover, improved worker morale and greater work effort. We find some limited evidence of worker-worker substitution, but no evidence of employment decline. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship. org/help_copyright. html#reuse Draft of October 15, 2003 Forthcoming in Industrial Relations Symposium on Living Wages Living Wage Policies at San Francisco Airport Impacts on Workers and Businesses Michael Reich* Peter Hall** Ken Jacobs*** May 2003 Revised October 2003 *Professor of Economics at UC Berkeley and Research Chair, Institute for Labor and Employment. **Assistant Professor of Planning, University of Waterloo. ***Specialist, Center for Labor Research and Education, UC Berkeley. We are grateful for support from the UC Institute for Labor and Employment as well as from the Institute of Industrial Relations at UC Berkeley. We received assistance and advice from Myra Armstrong, Don Barker, Jennifer Batoun, Laura Giuliano, Howard Greenwich, Tiera Howell, Shelley Kessler, Sally Kwak, Amy Laitinen, Daz Lamparas, David Liao, Sissy Wood and Angeles Zaragoza. John Martin, Gary Franzella and other officials at the San Francisco Airport Commission cooperated with our study and gave us useful suggestions. We also acknowledge helpful comments from the anonymous referees and from the participants in the IIR and Economics Department labor seminars at UC Berkeley as well as the ILE Conference on Living Wage Research, UC Riverside, April 10-11, 2003.
CRLH-Transmission Line for Design and Analysis of Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna

The composite right/left-hand transmission line is displayed as an ordinary Transmission Line having two type of properties, first one left-hand properties and second one right-hand properties. By demonstrating a metamaterial based CRLH as a comparing TL, TL hypothesis can be utilized for analysis and plan one-, two-, or even three-dimensional CRLH metamaterials. The structure of CRLH-TL has the arrangement of metamaterial transmission line (TL) made out clearly by composite right-/left-hand (CRLH) unit cells. The Composite Right Left Handed (CRLH) transmission lines are on recent displayed as a kind of artificial transmission lines with various microwave applications. This examination take a gander at various types of execution of these transmission lines and the impact over the execution. The examination is passed on utilizing both lumped parts and microstrip utilization of the unit cells. As a summed up, show for CRLH TL provides for an incredible level of excellent stage reaction, for instance, double band task, nonlinear frequency, bandwidth capacity upgrade, and furthermore the presence of basic frequency with zero phase velocity. In this paper, we discuss about a Microstrip Patch antenna which is based on composite right/left-hand transmission line.
CEOR_A_304037 227..239

Healthcare Economics Outcomes Research, Medtronic, Mansfield, MA, USA Purpose: Establishing good mechanical ventilation is a critical component and prerequisite to a wide range of surgical and medical interventions. Yet difficulties in intubating patients, and a variety of associated complications, are well documented. The economic burden resulting from difficult intubation (DI), however, is not well understood. The current study examines the economic burden of documented DI during inpatient surgical admissions and explores factors that are associated with DI. Patients and Methods: Using data from the Premier Healthcare Database, adult patients with inpatient surgical admissions between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were selected. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes were used to classify the patients into matched cohorts of DI and non-DI patients. Results: Patients in the DI group have mean inpatient costs and intensive care unit (ICU) costs that are substantially higher than patients without difficult intubations ($14,468 and $4,029 higher, respectively). Mean hospital length of stay and ICU length of stay were 3.8 days and 2.0 days longer, respectively (all p<0.0001, except ICU cost p=0.0001) in the DI group. Obesity, other chronic conditions, and larger hospital size were significantly associated with DI. Conclusion: DI is associated with higher average cost and longer average length of stay.
A bifurcated signaling cascade of NIMA-related kinases controls distinct kinesins in anaphase

by which Nek9 and Nek6 function in prometaphase has been investigated (Rapley et al., In mitosis, cells undergo a precisely orchestrated series of spatiotemporal changes in cytoskeletal structure to divide their genetic material. These changes are coordinated by a sophisticated network of protein–protein interactions and posttranslational modifications. In this study, we report a bifurcation in a signaling cascade of the NIMA-related kinases (Neks) Nek6, Nek7, and Nek9 that is required for the localization and function of two kinesins essential for cytokinesis, Mklp2 and Kif14. We demonstrate that a Nek9, Nek6, and Mklp2 signaling module controls the timely localization and bundling activity of Mklp2 at the anaphase central spindle. We further show that a separate Nek9, Nek7, and Kif14 signaling module is required for the recruitment of the Rho-interacting kinase citron to the anaphase midzone. Our findings uncover an anaphase-specific function for these effector kinesins that is controlled by specific Nek kinase signaling modules to properly coordinate cytokinesis.
Falling film on an anisotropic porous medium

Abstract The stability and dynamics of a falling liquid film over an anisotropic porous medium are studied using a one-domain approach. Our stability analysis shows a significant departure from the effective no-slip boundary condition in the isotropic case. Anisotropy does not affect the threshold of linear instability. However, a non-trivial dual effect of anisotropy on the film stability is observed depending on the permeability of the porous medium. This dual effect results from the net balance of the enhancement of viscous diffusion at the top Brinkman sublayer and the mitigation of viscous damping in the core Darcy sublayer. Three-equation models have been derived from the lubrication theory approximation in terms of the exact mass balance and averaged momentum balances in the porous and liquid layers. In the nonlinear regime, anisotropy has a dual effect by damping capillary waves at large permeabilities and enhancing them at low permeabilities. Anisotropy also affects wave speeds and shapes, modifies travelling-wave branches of solutions, affects the development of a time-periodic wavetrain by inlet forcing and alters the noise-driven dynamics of the flow. These effects result from the mitigation of mass exchange at the liquid–porous interface and the contribution of the cross-stream permeability in the Brinkman top sublayer to the viscous diffusion.
Intraintestinal Analysis of the Functional Activity of Microbiomes and Its Application to the Common Marmoset Intestine

We developed an analysis method that integrates metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from multiple intestinal sites to elucidate how microbial function varies along the intestinal tract. This method enables spatial covariation analysis of the functional activity of microbiomes and accurate identification of gene expression changes among intestinal sites, including changes in the expression of unknown bacterial genes. ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiome is closely related to host health, and metatranscriptomic analysis can be used to assess the functional activity of microbiomes by quantifying microbial gene expression levels, helping elucidate the interactions between the microbiome and the environment. However, the functional changes in the microbiome along the host intestinal tract remain unknown, and previous analytical methods have limitations, such as potentially overlooking unknown genes due to dependence on existing databases. The objective of this study is to develop a computational pipeline combined with next-generation sequencing for spatial covariation analysis of the functional activity of microbiomes at multiple intestinal sites (biogeographic locations) within the same individual. This method reconstructs a reference metagenomic sequence across multiple intestinal sites and integrates the metagenome and metatranscriptome, allowing the gene expression levels of the microbiome, including unknown bacterial genes, to be compared among multiple sites. When this method was applied to metatranscriptomic analysis in the intestinal tract of common marmosets, a New World monkey, the reconstructed metagenome covered most of the expressed genes and revealed that the differences in microbial gene expression among the cecum, transverse colon, and feces were more dynamic and sensitive to environmental shifts than the abundances of the genes. In addition, metatranscriptomic profiling at three intestinal sites of the same individual enabled covariation analysis incorporating spatial relevance, accurately predicting the function of a total of 10,856 unknown genes. Our findings demonstrate that our proposed analytical method captures functional changes in microbiomes at the gene resolution level. IMPORTANCE We developed an analysis method that integrates metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from multiple intestinal sites to elucidate how microbial function varies along the intestinal tract. This method enables spatial covariation analysis of the functional activity of microbiomes and accurate identification of gene expression changes among intestinal sites, including changes in the expression of unknown bacterial genes. Moreover, we applied this method to the investigation of the common marmoset intestine, which is anatomically and pharmacologically similar to that of humans. Our findings indicate the expression pattern of the microbiome varies in response to changes in the internal environment along the intestinal tract, and this microbial change may affect the intestinal environment.
Conditional knockout of leptin receptor in the female reproductive tract reduces fertility due to parturition defects in mice

Abstract Leptin is required for fertility, including initiation of estrous cycles. It is therefore challenging to assess the role of leptin signaling during pregnancy. Although neuron-specific transgene approaches suggest that leptin signaling in the central nervous system is most important, experiments with pharmacologic inhibition of leptin in the uterus or global replacement of leptin during pregnancy suggest leptin signaling in the reproductive tract may be required. Here, conditional leptin receptor knockout (Lepr cKO) with a progesterone receptor-driven Cre recombinase was used to examine the importance of leptin signaling in pregnancy. Lepr cKO mice have almost no leptin receptor in uterus or cervix, and slightly reduced leptin receptor levels in corpus luteum. Estrous cycles and progesterone concentrations were not affected by Lepr cKO. Numbers of viable embryos did not differ between primiparous control and Lepr cKO dams on Days 6.5 and 17.5 of pregnancy, despite a slight reduction in the ratio of embryos to corpora lutea, showing that uterine leptin receptor signaling is not required for embryo implantation. Placentas of Lepr cKO dams had normal weight and structure. However, over four parities, Lepr cKO mice produced 22% fewer live pups than controls, and took more time from pairing to delivery by their fourth parity. Abnormal birth outcomes of either dystocia or dead pups occurred in 33% of Lepr cKO deliveries but zero control deliveries, and the average time to deliver each pup after crouching was significantly increased. Thus, leptin receptor signaling in the reproductive tract is required for normal labor and delivery. Summary Sentence Mice lacking leptin receptor in the reproductive tract produce fewer live pups and have more adverse labor outcomes than controls, but normal numbers of embryos near term, showing that leptin receptor signaling is required for normal parturition.
Bicubic subdivision-surface wavelets for large-scale isosurface representation and visualization

We present a segmentation approach to scientific visualization that combines the definition of higher-level data, the efficient extraction of meaningful derived feature-like data from defined properties, and the effective visual representation of the extracted data. Our framework is aimed at multi-valued time-varying data sets, where, for example, grid vertices might have a multitude of associated scalar, vector and tensor quantities. This "segmentation" approach to massive data set exploration allows the user to focus upon regions, and interactively explore these regions efficiently. The challenge is to generate this segmented data from existing multi-valued data sets, store this data in an efficient scheme, generate the boundaries of each region, and display these boundaries to the user. We present an integrated scheme that allows a common representation for segmentation, allows it to be applied to a number of data types, and allows derived representations to be calculated. We illustrate this framework with examples from scalar-and vector-field visualization.
Contextual and individual determinants of engagement in physics from the perspective of elementary school physics teachers

ABSTRACT Research has shown that interest and engagement in learning physics declines with years of schooling, and leads to low enrolment later on in physics courses. Since the first experiences with physics in elementary education is important for the formation of attitudes and interest in physics, the aim of this research was to examine the contextual and individual determinants of engagement in physics from the elementary school physics teachers’ perspective. The contextual model of student engagement was used as a conceptual framework. Twelve in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with physics teachers (nine females). A phenomenological approach was used. The research findings show that, in addition to motivational beliefs, students’ personality characteristics also had an important role for interactions with the teacher and for the completion of class activities. Regarding the contextual determinants of student engagement, teachers described their role and the role of parents and peers. The role of the teacher is twofold and is reflected through positive relationships with students (social relatedness contexts) and teaching methods (instructional context). Teachers’ responses suggest that student engagement stems from the complex interaction of individual and contextual determinants that successful teachers direct in order for their students to achieve the best possible educational outcomes.
Acquisition and processing methods of whole-brain layer-fMRI VASO and BOLD: The Kenshu dataset

Cortical depth-dependent functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI), also known as layer-fMRI, has the potential to capture directional neural information flow of brain computations within and across large-scale cortical brain networks. E.g., layer-fMRI can differentiate feedforward and feedback cortical input in hierarchically organized brain networks. Recent advancements in 3D-EPI sampling approaches and MR contrast generation strategies have allowed proof-of-principle studies showing that layer-fMRI can provide sufficient data quality for capturing laminar changes in functional connectivity. These studies have however not shown how reliable the signal is and how repeatable the respective results are. It is especially unclear whether whole-brain layer-fMRI functional connectivity protocols are widely applicable across common neuroscience-driven analysis approaches. Moreover, there are no established preprocessing fMRI methods that are optimized to work for whole-brain layer-fMRI datasets. In this work, we aimed to serve the field of layer-fMRI and build tools for future routine whole-brain layer-fMRI in application-based neuroscience research. We have developed publicly available sequences, acquisition protocols, and processing pipelines for whole-brain layer-fMRI. These protocols are validated across 60 hours of scanning in nine participants. Specifically, we identified and exploited methodological advancements for maximizing tSNR efficiency and test-retest reliability. We are sharing an extensive multi-modal whole-brain layer-fMRI dataset (20 scan hours of movie-watching in a single participant) for the purpose of benchmarking future method developments: The Kenshu dataset. With this dataset, we are also exemplifying the usefulness of whole brain layer-fMRI for commonly applied analysis approaches in modern cognitive neuroscience fMRI studies. This includes connectivity analyses, representational similarity matrix estimations, general linear model analyses, principal component analysis clustering, etc. We believe that this work paves the road for future routine measurements of directional functional connectivity across the entire brain. Graphical Abstract
Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion

Hundreds of millions of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine doses have already been administered to humans. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of this platform. The mRNA-LNP-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is highly inflammatory, and its synthetic ionizable lipid component responsible for the induction of inflammation has a long in vivo half-life. Since chronic inflammation can lead to immune exhaustion and non-responsiveness, we sought to determine the effects of pre-exposure to the mRNA-LNP on adaptive immune responses and innate immune fitness. We found that pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs or LNP alone led to long-term inhibition of the adaptive immune responses, which could be overcome using standard adjuvants. On the other hand, we report that after pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs, the resistance of mice to heterologous infections with influenza virus increased while Candida albicans decreased. The diminished resistance to Candida albicans correlated with a general decrease in blood neutrophil percentages. Interestingly, mice pre-exposed to the mRNA-LNP platform can pass down the acquired immune traits to their offspring, providing better protection against influenza. In summary, the mRNA-LNP vaccine platform induces long-term unexpected immunological changes affecting both adaptive immune responses and heterologous protection against infections. Thus, our studies highlight the need for more research to determine this platform’s true impact on human health. Authors Summary We bring experimental evidence that pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs or its LNP component affects innate and adaptive immune responses. Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs led to long-term inhibition of the adaptive immune responses, which the use of adjuvants could overcome. On the other hand, we report that after pre-exposure to mRNA-LNPs, the resistance of mice to heterologous infections with influenza virus increased while Candida albicans decreased. We also detected a general neutropenia in the mRNA-LNP exposed mice. Interestingly, mice pre-exposed to mRNA-LNPs can pass down the acquired immune traits to their offspring. In summary, the mRNA-LNP vaccine platform induces long-term immunological changes that can affect both adaptive immune responses and heterologous protection against infections, some of which can be inherited by the offspring. More studies are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for these effects and determine this platform’s impact on human health.