Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APIs as Digital Innovation Objects - Implications on Requirements Elicitation

APIs as a way to expose business assets have become common across industry. Consequently insights into strategic API development practices are becoming more and more relevant. However domain specific knowledge for making strategic design decisions for APIs is often lacking. In this study we present and analyse a method for requirement elicitation for APIs created through use of the design science methodology alongside careful consideration of standard requirements elicitation practices and API strategies specifically insights from the ’API as Digital Innovation Objects’ model on API strategy. We consider this due to a lack of awareness about what information is significant for such strategic design decisions, especially during requirements elicitation. Our findings show that there are several aspects of strategic API design that can be considered in order to improve requirements elicitation. The results imply that strategic API considerations change requirements elicitation by changing how it is carried out not necessarily the tasks and activities conducted. Keywords-API, API strategy, requirements elicitation, Digital Innovation Object;
A statistical approach to knowledge discovery: Bootstrap analysis of language models for knowledge base population from unstructured text

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for knowledge discovery from textual data. The generated knowledge base can be used as one of the main components in the cognitive process of question answering systems. The proposed model automatically extract relations between named enti- ties in Persian. Our proposed model is a bootstrapping approach based on n-gram model to nd the representative textual patterns of relations as n-grams in order to extract new knowledge about given named entities. The main motivation for this work is the characteristic of the sentence structure in Persian which, in contrary to English sentences, is in subject- object-verb format. The proposed approach is a purely statistical one and no background knowledge of the target language is required. This makes our method applicable to any open domain relation extraction task. How- ever, as for our test-bed, we focus on the domain of biographical data of international poets and scientists to build a knowledge base about them. Qualitative evaluations based on human assessment is an evidence for the ecacy of our method.
The Effects of Schooling on Wealth Accumulation Approaching Retirement

Education and wealth are positively correlated for individuals approaching retirement, but the direction of the causal relationship is ambiguous in theory and has not been identified in practice. We combine administrative data on individual total wealth with a reform expanding access to lower secondary school in Denmark in the 1950s, finding that schooling increases pension annuity claims but reduces the non-pension wealth of men in their 50's. These effects grow stronger as normal retirement age approaches. Labour market mechanisms are key, with schooling increasing job mobility, reducing housing equity, increasing leverage, and improving occupational pension benefits.
Editorial. Science technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education in Malaysia

This Special Issue of Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education presents the current research trend of Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education in Malaysia. As many may argue, a quality STEM education should be able to provide wider opportunities for students to develop their competencies in not only Science, but also Technology, Engineering and Mathematics and its related areas. A successful STEM education equips students with STEM core competencies in sequences that are built upon one another and can be applied within the context of real world application. The acquisition of STEM core competencies will gradually nourish them to be critical and creative thinkers, uplift their scientific literacy, and more importantly stimulate themselves to be creative innovators. These are among the main reasons why STEM education has been an area of great interest in Malaysia just like in any other countries in this world
The Vision Heuristic: Judging Music Ensembles by Sight Alone

Team effectiveness and group performance are often defined by standards set by domain experts. Professional musicians consistently report that sound output is the most important standard for evaluating the quality of group performance in the domain of music. However, across six studies, visual information dominated rapid judgments of group performance. Participants (1062 experts and novices) were able to select the actual winners of live ensemble competitions and distinguish top-ranked orchestras from non-ranked orchestras based on 6-s silent video recordings yet were unable to do so from sound recordings or recordings with both video and sound. These findings suggest that judgments of group performance in the domain of music are driven at least in part by visual cues about group dynamics and leadership.
A topic identification task for modern standard Arabic

In this paper we present two well-known categorization methods and their use in topic identification for Modern Standard Arabic. The first one is the TFIDF approach, and the second is a Support Vector Machines (SVM) based classifier. In the best of our knowledge, we do not know several precedent works on Arabic topic identification, which is the task we investigate in this article. The corpus we used is extracted from the daily Arabic newspaper 'Alkhabar', which includes 6000 news articles, corresponding to nearly 3 millions of words covering the topics: local news, sport, international news and economy. According to our experiments, the results are encouraging both for SVM and TFIDF classifier, particularly if we compare them with those found for French language. However we have noticed the superiority of the SVM classifier and its high capability to distinguish topics. In addition we have shown the effect of vocabulary size in results enhancement. Other experiments have been conducted to determine the minimum of words necessary in order to achieve acceptable results. This is particularly interesting for speech recognition when language adaptation is needed.
Evolution and Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus

Nowadays, one can classify infections based on settings in which people acquire them. Precisely, the hospital corresponds to pathogens that possess multidrug-resistant genes whereas community-acquired strains contain virulent genes. However, treating infections with antibiotics can change the entire status. For instance, in the forties of the past century, treatment tuberculosis with streptomycin was enough to refer the disease to the curable ones. Nevertheless, humankind did not exert adequate effort to eradicate the infection completely, and its long-lasting treatment with antibiotics resulted in developing the resistance on the part of the bacteria. Unfortunately, currently, tuberculosis is an incurable disease. Experts expect that further heavy reliance on antibiotics can lead to converging with the virulent gene on the part of the multidrug-resistant one. Such the implies the appearance of pathogens that will require devising new approaches to coping with the several outbreaks. Given this threat, humankind will have to decline the use of antibiotics at some point. Therefore, one can expect that the research in the field has a short time horizon. Therefore, funding, it is limited. For example, in six chosen statistical studies of different aspects of treating infections with antibiotics the used samples are not large enough to guarantee the acceptable level of uncertainty. This report presents the reviews of the many articles that are mainly studied Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is a shared type of bacteria that is found on the skin.
Investigation of Thermal Behavior for Natural Fibres Reinforced Epoxy using Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis

This paper presented the research works on the investigation of the thermal behavior of the natural fibres; i.e. pineapple leaf fibre, kenaf fibre and mengkuang fibres reinforced epoxy. The thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis were used to measure the thermal behavior of the treated and untreated pineapple, kenaf and mengkuang fibres reinforced epoxy. The samples for both analysis were subjected to maximum temperature 600°C at the heating rate of 10°C/min. The results showed that the treated fibres show higher maximum peak temperature as compared to the untreated fibres. Additionally, the glass transition temperature showed a lower value for all treated fibre. It can be concluded that investigation of thermal properties of these natural fibres could improve the utilization of natural fibre composites in various applications i.e. sports applications.
Vitamin D and inflammation in the prevention of type 2 diabetes : public health relevance Drugs

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. To reduce the disease risk and burden at the population level, preventative strategies should be developed with minimal cost and effort and with no side-effects. Low-grade inflammation resulting from imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with an array of chronic disorders that predispose to the later development of T2DM (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance). As a result, inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of this inflammatory response via modulating the innate immune system could lead to improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with vitamin D may represent a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level due to its antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review examines current knowledge linking T2DM to chronic low-grade inflammation and the role of vitamin D in modulating this relationship. The concept that vitamin D, via attenuating inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to health care and public health practices.
A SIMPLIFIED TREATMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTION ON GALACTIC SCALES

I present a simple scheme for the treatment of gravitational interactions on galactic scales. In analogy with known mechanisms of quantum field theory, I assume ad hoc that gravitation is mediated by virtual exchange particles ? gravitons ? with very small but non-zero masses. The resulting density and mass profiles are proportional to the mass of the gravitating body. The mass profile scales with the centripetal acceleration experienced by a test particle orbiting the central mass, but this comes at the cost of postulating a universal characteristic acceleration a 0 ? 4.3 × 10 ? 12 m sec ? 2 (or 8 πa0 ? 1.1×10 ? 10 m sec ? 2 ). The scheme predicts the asymptotic flattening of galactic rotation curves, the Tully-Fisher/Faber-Jackson relations, the mass discrepancy? acceleration relation of galaxies, the surface brightness? acceleration relation of galaxies, the kinematics of galaxy clusters, and “Renzo’s rule” correctly; additional (dark) mass components are not required. Given that it is based on various ad-hoc assumptions and given further limitations, the scheme I present is not yet a consistent theory of gravitation; rather, it is a “toy model” providing a convenient scaling law that simplifies the description of gravity on galactic scales.
Ocean feature extraction from SAR Quicklook Imagery using Convolutional Neural Networks

We used a large dataset of Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X quicklook images downloaded from the internet in order to classify the imagery into different classes of subscenes including: open ocean, land, sea ice and ships using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifiers. We construct a training dataset of subscenes of the images using visual inspection and AIS data. We then focused on the open ocean scenes acquired under different environmental conditions to classify them into different wind speed and sea state categories. We compare the results to wind speed, sea state model results and NOAA buoy measurements. In order to find the subscenes containing ships, icebergs and oil slicks we further utilize the CNN over open ocean and coastal SAR scenes. Statistics on validation is given using categorical cross entropy loss. In addition several high resolution images are used in order to test the performance of the trained Convolutional Neural Network. This study will help to retrieve such images relevant to maritime investigations of ships, oil and environmental parameters using big data methods.
Finest Informant Filtering of Malicious Traffic in Intrusion Detection System

Traffic volume and diversity will have a major impact on the power of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to report malicious activity accurately. Supported the observation that a good deal of traffic is, in fact, not necessary to correct attack identification, we have a tendency to investigate affiliation filtering as a technique for up the performance of NIDS. Filtering capabilities are accessible in access management lists (ACLs). it's generally hold on in Ternary Content available Memory (TCAM), whereas the scale and value of TCAM puts a limit on the amount of filters. Although the filters were restricted in range it still was dear. And henceforward we have a tendency to gift a secured framework for filtering Malicious Traffic. This filtering framework is meant victimization Markov’s Chain model which may be effectively compared with the CRF. The framework is meant such the way that the Markov’s chain model are extensively trained by the system and so concerned within the purpose of filtering malicious traffic in network.
Adventitious shoots induction and plant regeneration from cotyledons of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.).

A highly efficient regeneration system is a prerequisite step for successful genetic transformation of watermelon cultivars ( Citrullus lanatus L.). The objective of this study was to establish efficient in vitro plant regeneration for three watermelon cultivars. To achieve optimal conditions for adventitious shoot induction, the 5-day-old explants (cotyledon base portion, apical portion and hypocotyl) of three cultivars were placed on MB5 media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators (1.0 to 10.0 mg L -1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0 to 1.0 mg L -1 indole acetic acid (IAA)); the explants from seedling of different development stages (0 to 10 d) were cultured on MB5 medium containing 2.0 mg L -1 BA and 0.2 mg L -1 IAA for investigating the effect of age on adventitious shoots initiation; besides, 5-day-old seedlings were grown on optimal regeneration medium supplemented with different concentrations of kanamycin for screening the lowest lethal concentration for adventitious shoots. The results show that the basal region of cotyledon showed higher frequency of shoot formation (79.17-83.33%) than the apical region (5.23-8.25%); high percentage of shoots regeneration was induced from 5-day-old cotyledons base portion cultured on MB5 containing 1 or 2 mg L-1 BA; the 100 mg L -1 kanamycin proved to be the optimal concentration for screening the transformants. Our results provide an efficient stable regeneration system for genetic transformation of watermelon. Key words : Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), cotyledon, growth regulator, kanamycin, regeneration.
Acoustic behaviour of southern right whales in relation to numbers of whales present in Walker Bay, South Africa

Estimating numbers of whales present in an area from recorded call rates could be a useful conservation tool. We recorded southern right whale Eubalaena australis vocalisations and presence in Walker Bay on the south coast of South Africa. In all, 45 sessions with synchronous acoustic and visual data were analysed to determine call rates directly (overall call rate, OCR) and in relation to the number of whales sighted (call rate per whale, CPW) and number of groups sighted (call rate per group, CPG). The OCRs were examined in the presence of varying numbers of whales, using a log-linear model to investigate the dependence of the call rate on whale density. The number of whales present exerted a strong quadratic effect on the OCR, which peaked at around 15 whales and decreased to a low rate as whale presence approached a maximum, for all calls combined and for four of their constituent 13 call types: a quadratic trend was present to varying degrees among the remaining call types. Both quadratic and linear trends were absent when OCR was assessed against number of groups present, possibly because group size increased with increasing density of whales. A linear regression on the CPW and CPG suggested that there was a negative inverse relationship with the number of whales and groups present respectively. These findings are important in that, while they preclude the estimation of absolute numbers from call rates, they imply that, under the conditions prevailing in Walker Bay, southern right whales were aware of the presence, arrival and departure of other animals in their vicinity and adjusted their vocal behaviour accordingly.
Proton Radiography with a Timepix 3 based Gaseous Tracking Detector

Proton radiography is used as a tool to improve the treatment plans of proton therapy. In this technique, the phantom under investigation is irradiated by protons. If the position and direction of the protons are determined before and after the phantom together with a measurement of the residual energy, an image of the phantom can be reconstructed. In this analysis the renewed proton radiography set-up, used at Nikhef is presented. Two GEM-based time projection chambers, with a Timepix3 quadboard as basis are used for the proton tracking, while a BaF2 crystal is used for the residual energy measurement. With this set-up, measurements have been done with a proton rate up to 10 kHz, made possible by the implementation of the Timepix3 chips with their data-driven and zerosuppressed readout architectures. Also, a study on the response of the BaF2 calorimeter was performed in order to deal with the high proton flux. Furthermore, a study on the performance of the tracking detectors is presented. It was found that the angular resolutions are 30.7 mrad and 23.4 mrad in the xy and zy plane respectively, which are dominated by the clustering effect of the triple-GEM structure and the inhomogeneous electric field in the drift region. The low angular resolution impedes an appropriate calculation of the entry and exit locations of the protons on the phantom. However, energy-loss radiographs are presented without the use of the angular information.
Lessons in translation: The English to Tiv example

This paper examines the art of translation, the necessity of translation, the odd ends of translation, and how mistranslation can cause drastic changes in perceptions and policies and also alter a course of life and culture of a people. The paper supports its presentation with a historical analytical survey of misguided translation of English to Tiv lexicon and sentences, and how it affected an appreciation of the Tiv people and their psychology. It records how Christian religion of the colonial days in Tiv land was literally routed due to the “Traduttoru Traditore” misinformation given to its converts by her own translators. Finally, the paper provides a guide towards effective translation.
CAUSALITY, ICONICITY AND CONTINUITY: THE EFFECTS OF PRIOR WORLD KNOWLEDGE ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF CAUSAL RELATIONS

■ ABSTRACT: This paper studies the involvement of world knowledge and its interaction with linguistic (semantic) knowledge in the understanding of causal relations. We will attempt to determine to what extent the iconicity principle and the Continuity Hypothesis – see especially Murray (1997) – apply in Spanish and whether they are subject to restrictions attributable to the type of information processed. We also discuss Sanders’ (2005) causality-by-default hypothesis and provide relevant evidence for assessing its correctness. To test our hypotheses, we investigate the comprehension of two-sentence texts of two types (in “everyday” and in “technical” language) under four conditions: normal and inverted order (cause–effect vs. effect–cause); with and without connective. We predict that our “type of information” variable, one of the core elements of this study, will condition causal relations processing and modify to some extent the classical claims of iconicity and Continuity Hypothesis. The results show that lack of prior knowledge, indeed, can affect the predictions and assumptions of the iconicity principle and the Continuity Hypothesis and that, if there is no prior knowledge, the introduction of linguistic clues (connectives) facilitates and even becomes indispensable for understanding.
Comparative Histological Evaluations of the Sublingual Salivary Glands of EBN Swiftlets ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) in Man-Made Houses and Natural Caves

One of the most precious edible bird’s nests (EBN) is constructed by the white-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus). However, different swiftlet populations might have different food intakes as a result of their different habitat sources. This situation will likely influence the secretion of the salivary gland. EBN is built from the saliva of the swiftlets. The major function of the salivary gland is to secrete saliva. This study was conducted with the aim of defining and comparing the histological structures of the sublingual salivary gland and its mucin content found in two separate populations of house-farm and cave white-nest swiftlets. Samples were collected from Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia (04o20.824 ́N, 100o52.826 ́E) and Gomantong caves, Sabah, Malaysia (5o31.46.5 ́N, 118o4.29.6 ́E). It was found that the largest visible salivary gland present in both populations was the sublingual gland. The glands were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain and a combination of Alcian blue (AB) with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. The H&E stain displayed a broad range of cytoplasmic, nuclear and extracellular matrix features. The parenchyma of the cave swiftlet population appeared foamy due to high mucous secretion whereas the cells of the house-farm population could clearly be seen to be separated because of less mucous secretion. There was a clear difference in density and abundance of mucous acini cells in which the samples from the cave population were compacted with these cells. AB-PAS stains revealed full complement of tissue proteoglycans and acidic-mucin, neutralmucin and mixtures of acidic and neutral mucins. The cave population exhibited higher concentrations of acidic, neutral, and mucins mixture compared with those from the house-farm. This is probably Ibrahim, M. M. , Zakaria, Z. A. B. , Amin, F. M. and Omar, A. R. 20 Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 40 (1) 20 34 (2017) caused by several combinations of factors such as difference in dietary habit, habitat preference and age of the swiftlet.