Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomes of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Hymenoscyphus albidus Encode Surprisingly Large Cell Wall Degrading Potential , Balancing Saprotrophic and Necrotrophic Signatures

In Europe, an epidemic is currently occurring on common ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The disease, commonly known as ash dieback, is the result of a biological invasion by the causal Helotialean fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Baral, Queloz, Hosoya. This study describes the genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus, a native non-pathogenic sister species to H. fraxineus. The Hymenoscyphus sp. genomes harbour similar and extensive Cell Wall Active Enzyme (CAZYme) repertoires, they appear better at degrading cellulose than e.g. Botrytis but has similar pectin-degrading capacities. In planta, the pathogenic H. fraxineus showed higher gene expression than H. albidus of two of the pectin degrading enzymes, consistent with a higher disruption of primary cell walls and possibly leading to a stronger host reaction. Based on SignalP and Phobious annotations, we identified 2160 and 2006 secreted genes in H. fraxineus and H. albidus, respectively. This is almost twice as many as for most other Helotialean fungi. Two small secreted proteins were transcribed in H. fraxineus, one being a cerato-platinin like protein with a putative role in pathogenicity. No small secreted proteins were detected in the H. albidus transcriptome. It has been suggested that fungal metallopeptidases, can target and degrade non-structural defense proteins in planta. We found that the Hymenoscyphus genomes encode more metallopeptidases than other Helotialean species. In conclusion, the prolonged saprotrophic growth phase on shed ash leaves of H. fraxineus and H. albidus has probably shaped the genomes. Both genomes are highly similar and have CAZYme profiles similar to saprotrophic fungi. The relatively small differences between the two Hymenoscyphus spp. in gene expression are likely indicative of their differential interaction patterns with the host tree F. excelsior.
The Role of Scaffolding in Problem Solving Skills among Children

Problem solving skills is vital for children to face challenges in their daily live and in the future. Children who do not acquire problem solving skills during early childhood years tend to be more aggressive toward other people and finally tend to deal with social problems such as peer rejection, involved in criminal behavior and having mental health problem in adulthood. Therefore, scaffolding is an appropriate approach to help children learning more skills and solving problems independently. Scaffolding is a temporary support that will be removed when the children develop, learn and masters the new skills. The scaffolding between an adult and a child within the zone of proximal development (ZPD) will help children to develop more skills and to achieve higher mental functions. This paper has contributed significantly in understanding problem solving skills among children by providing scaffolding based on the needs of the children within the zone of proximal development (ZPD).
REVIEW ON TEXT SUMMARIZATION EVALUATION METHODS

There is ample amount of information available on internet. Important information can be gained by creating summary from available information. Manual creation of summary is difficult task. Hence research community is developing new approaches for automatic text summarization that creates summary automatically. Summary is shorter text that covers important information from original text. This paper discusses basics of automatic text summarization. To evaluate automatic summaries are also challenging task. The challenges in evaluating summaries are also described. Methods for evaluation of summaryBoth intrinsic and extrinsic are described in detail. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future directions for summary evaluation.
Different Parameters for Computational Depression Analysis: A Review

Depression is a mental disorder that affects not only the thoughts but also the body and behavior of the person suffering from it. Depression detection, as of today, is limited to analysis of the patient by the psychologist, which is prone to subjective bias. Although depression is a mental disorder, it affects various physical attributes like eye movements, voice modulation, urine, saliva, etc. These effects, if observed and analyzed, can be used for designing tests wherein the physiological parameters are observed and depression is detected objectively, thus reducing the burden on psychologists. This paper gives a systematic review of the studies undertaken for analyzing the effects of depression on different physical attributes.
1 Terminology of case

As in all areas of grammar, the terminology surrounding case phenomena is often not straightforward: Linguists with different backgrounds use the same terms for somewhat or radically different concepts, or they use different terms for very similar or identical concepts. It is unlikely that terminological consensus will emerge soon, primarily because there is no consensus about the concepts that we need, and terminological polysemy will continue to be rampant because there are many more concepts than handy terms. But it is useful to be aware of some of the most important terminological issues.
Community Investment Deployment Strategies and Resistance of Oil Multinationals ’ Activities in Niger Delta

The study attempts to empirically examine the potentials of Community Investment strategies of Multinational oil and gas companies operating in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria in terms of managing issues of community resistance of oil and gas exploration activities, with particular emphasis on the GMoU framework strategy. Primary data were obtained from selected communities where the framework has been deployed since 2007 via the survey research method. The descriptive statistics method was used to present data while the Chi-square non-parametric method was used to analyze the data. Findings from the study indicate a recurrent and persistent cases of community resistance issues prior to the deployment of the GMoU strategy in the communities under study, and a significant drop in the rate of community resistance issues and squabbles between the communities and the multinational oil and gas companies after the deployment of the GMoU framework in the communities; which is indicative of a strategic shift in approach from previous deployment approaches of CNL and SPDC.
DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHT c SUPERCONDUCTING YBCO THIN FILMS

Many application of high temperature superconductor in advance technology usually require the superconductor in the form of thin films. In this paper attempts has been made to summarize the most popular growth techniques such as Co-evaporation sputtering, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition of high-Tc superconducting thin films.
Operating Synergy Types and their Impact on post-merger Performance

This study examines the change in operating performance by different synergy types following mergers; for a sample of 420 mergers which occur between 1988 and 2008. Overall companies show significant improvements of operating performance in the post-merger period. Especially strong are the performance improvements for mergers, which strive for efficiency synergy, while mergers, which strive for synergy from complementary resources or market power, show a low level of performance improvement. These performance improvements result mainly from an increase in cash flow margin and lower investments in the post-merger period. A positive relation of the revaluation of firm’s assets around the merger announcement to the change in operating performance was found. This relation establishes the link of post-merger performance improvements towards shareholder value creation. It is concluded that post-merger performance improvements prove the existence of merger-induced synergy. These synergetic gains are found to be especially large for efficiency synergies, while synergy from complementary resources is substantially lower and almost no evidence could be found for the existence of market power synergy.
On the Selection of the Leading Industry of Agricultural Products Processing in Anhui Province of China

Based on the leading industry selection theory, an index system has been built in this article on how to choose leading industry according to the characteristics of Anhui agricultural products processing. Also the AHP method is used to empirically analyze leading industry selection of Anhui’s agricultural products processing industry in the article. The author argues that Anhui province of China should choose those industries, which use grain, oil, cotton, bamboo, wood as raw materials, as the leading industries. Furthermore, the industry of textiles, garments and wood products processing industry are also can be the leading industry. As for this, the most important thing to do is to accelerate the development of agricultural products processing industry in Anhui Province of China sequentially.
First International Conference on Mars Polar Science 3001 . pdf

The present permanent north polar water ice cap of Mars is investigated with the dynamic/thermodynamic ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS (SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets), which was originally developped for and applied to terrestrial ice sheets like Greenland, Antarctica and the glacial northern hemisphere (Greve, 1997b, c; Calov et al., 1998; Greve et al., 1998). The model is based on the continuum-mechanical theory of polythermal ice masses (Hutter, 1982, 1993; Greve, 1997a), which describes the material ice as a density-preserving, heat-conducting power-law fluid with thermo-mechanical coupling due to the strong temperature dependence of the ice viscosity. It is further distinguished between cold ice with a temperature below the pressure melting point and temperate ice with a temperature at the pressure melting point, the latter being considered as a binary mixture of ice and small amounts of water. The influence of the considerable dust content of the ice cap on the mechanical properties of the ice is neglected. The model computes three-dimensionally the temporal evolution of ice extent, thickness, temperature, water content and age as a response to external forcing. The latter must be specified by (i) the mean annual air temperature above the ice, (ii) the surface mass balance (ice accumulation minus melting and evaporation), (iii) the global sea level (not relevant for Martian applications) and (iv) the geothermal (areothermal) heat flux from below into the ice body.
Comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting 47kda gene for the diagnosis of scrub typhus

Introduction: Scrub typhus is a zoonotic infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi which is transmitted by Leptotrombidium mites. The disease manifests as a mild-to-severe illness with non-specific clinical symptoms. Rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for patient management. Both serological and molecular methods are used for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. The present study assessed the usefulness of detection of the gene encoding the 47kDa outer-membrane protein (OMP) for the laboratory diagnosis of scrub typhus. Materials and Methods: Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and real-time PCR targeting 47 kDa OMP antigen gene of O. tsutsugamushi were performed on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples. Results: Six of the 103 (5.8%) patients showed the presence of 47kDa gene by nPCR. Seventy of 103 (67.9%) cases showed the presence of 47kDa gene by qPCR. Among the 70 positive cases, the majority of them were females (40/70, 57.1%). The highest number of positive cases was observed during October–February. Conclusion: Real-time PCR targeting O. tsutsugamushi-specific 47-kDa gene is more sensitive than nPCR and may be the assay of choice for the detection of the organism in patients with suspected scrub typhus.
Expression, purification, and cytotoxic evaluation of IL24-BR2 fusion protein

Interleukin (IL) 24 is a pro-inflammatory and tumor suppressor cytokine capable of inducing selective apoptosis in various cancer cells. BR2, on the other hand, is an anti-microbial peptide with selective penetrability to the cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to produce and purify a fusion protein containing IL24 as the toxic moiety fused to BR2, as targeting moiety, and then to evaluate its cytotoxic activities. For this purpose, the coding sequence of IL24-BR2 fusion protein and IL24 were cloned into the pET28a vector and used to transform E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Following induction of expression, protein purification performed using Ni-NTA chromatography. SDS-PAGE and western blotting were performed to confirm the expression and purification. Finally, cytotoxic effects of the purified proteins were evaluated on MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines. Analysis of crude lysate of induced recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria and also purified proteins showed a band of approximately 22 and 18 KDa on SDS-PAGE and western blotting for IL24-BR2 and IL24, respectively. Finally, statistical analysis showed significant cytotoxic effects of IL24-BR2 on MCF-7 cells at 10, 20, and 40 µg/mL concentrations compared to IL24 alone, which showed no significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cells except in the highest concentration. In conclusion, production and purification of IL24-BR2 fusion protein with potential specific toxicity toward cancer cells was successfully achieved. However, further investigation of the cytotoxic effects of this fusion protein on other cell lines and in vivo cancer models must be performed.
Enhanced transient expression of an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody in CHO cells through utilization of miRNA sponge technology

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the dominant mammalian host system for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Improving the viable cell density during culture of recombinant CHO cells can greatly affect the production yield. MicroRNAs (miRs) -15a and 16-1 are known as negative regulators of multiple genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptotic inhibition. miR sponges, which act as decoy targets, are transcripts which contain complementary binding sites to the seed region of related miRs. Stably expressed miR sponges are known as efficient tools for miR loss of function studies. In this study, stable CHO cell pools and clones expressing miRs-15a and 16-1 specific decoy transcript downstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene was developed. Analysis of cell growth during 12 days of batch culture indicated improved maximum viable cell density of CHO cells and clones expressing the decoy transcript. In addition, transient expression of a recombinant anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody was significantly improved in a decoy harboring CHO cell clone, representing a 3.37-fold increase in yield after 4 days of culture. Our results indicated that miR sponge technology can be successfully applied for the improvement of cell viability and transient monoclonal antibody expression in CHO host cells.
Cup Alignment Change after Screw Fixation in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background Cup malalignment increase impingement, dislocation, cup migration, and polyethylene wear. Screw fixation for enhanced stability is the preferred option in cases of doubtful primary cup stability. There have been few studies about alignment changes after screw fixation, which may be another cause of cup malalignment. This study aimed to evaluate cup alignment change after screw fixation. Materials and Methods Patients undergoing imageless navigation total hip arthroplasty using screws fixation for acetabular cup were corrected. After the press-fit cup was fully seated, the cup orientation was recorded. After screws were inserted, the cup orientation was recorded again to calculate the alignment change. Results There were 99 cases with a mean age 63.7 years (25–93). Alignment change after screw fixation was found in 73 cases (73.7%). There were 56 cases (56.6%) with inclination angle change and the mean change was 2.21° (0°–8°). The inclination angle increased in 47 cases (47.5%) with 9 cases (9.1%) increased by 5° or more and decreased in 9 cases (9.1%). There was statistically significant difference between patients using one screw and patients using two or more screws in inclination angle change, 1.56° (0°–5°) and 3.4° (0°–8°), respectively ( P = 0.0039). There was statistically significant correlation between inclination angle change and number of screws ( r = 0.5401, P < 0.01). There were 49 cases (49.5%) with anteversion angle change and the mean change was 1.67° (0°–5°). The anteversion angle increased in 31 cases (31.3%), decreased in 18 cases (18.2%) with two cases (2%) decreased by 5° or more. There was significant difference between patients using one screw and patients using two or more screws in anteversion angle change, 1.46° (0°– 5°) and 2.21° (0°–5°), respectively ( P = 0.009). There was significant correlation between anteversion angle change and number of screws ( r = 0.284, P = 0.048). Conclusions Changes in cup alignment after screw fixation were detected in most cases. It is one possible cause of cup malalignment.
Preparation of pentagamaboronon-0 and its fructose and sorbitol complexes as boron carrier for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) application

Development of specific and selective boron carriers is indispensable for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) application. Pentagamaboronon-0 (PGB-0) is a promising candidate as boron carrier compound due to the low but selective cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. Formerly we reported synthesis of PGB-0 which was ineffective due to its low aqueous solubility. In the present study, we, therefore, introduced the new PGB-0 preparation complexed with sugars to increase its solubility in water. By synthesizing at room temperature and using flash chromatography for the purification, we produced PGB-0 with a yield of 40%. PGB-0 fructose complex (PGB-0-F) and PGB-0 sorbitol complex (PGB-0-Sor) were obtained with smaller particle size compared to PGB-0 suspension in water. Based on the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of PGB-0-F and PGB-0-Sor were higher than PGB-0 even though still categorized as low cytotoxic agents. In conclusion, we provided PGB-0 with a new method and improved its solubility in water. Further investigations are still needed to develop more efficient PGB-0 as boron carrier for BNCT in various cancers.
Adsorption and Flotation of Soluble Crude Protein by Colloidal Gas Aphrons (CGA): Effect of Selected Variables and Process Modeling

The adsorption and flotation of soluble crude protein from dairy products by colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) were studied. Selected process variables that were studied with respect to protein recovery include volume ratio between crude protein and CGA, stirring speed in the separation vessel, and contact time and surfactant concentration used to generate CGA. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the buffered solution was used as the surfactant. It was found that only volume ratio between crude protein and CGA and surfactant concentration significantly influenced the protein recovery. The protein recovery achieved via its adsorption onto CGA surface and its subsequent flotation can be adequately modeled using Langmuir kinetics.
Hedonic Price Indexes: A Comparison of Imputation, Time Dummy and ’Re-Pricing’ Methods

Summary The main approaches to measuring hedonic indexes in the academic literature are the imputation approach and the time dummy approach. This paper compares both approaches, discusses an alternative method called hedonic re-pricing, and comments on a recent contribution by Diewert et al. (2009). The aim is to explain the differences between the various hedonic approaches as well as their similarities, and to point to the implications for statistical agencies. Hedonic price indexes can be weighted or unweighted and the paper addresses the issue of choice of regression weights. For unweighted indexes it is shown that the ’full’ hedonic imputation approach and the time dummy approach implicitly leave the matched part of the indexes unaffected, just like ’single’ and ’double’ hedonic imputation do explicitly.
History of dermatology and venereology in Serbia – Part IV/1: Dermatovenereology in Serbia from 1919 – 1945

Abstract After the First World War, Serbia was ravaged and in ruins, whereas the Health Care Service was destroyed. Organization and reorganization of the Health Care Service started with a fight against the spread of infectious diseases. Foundation of specialized health institutions was among the first tasks. As early as 1920, an Outpatient Service forSkin and Venereal Diseases was established and managed by Prof. Đorđe Đorđević. In 1922, after he was appointed as Associate Professor at the newly established Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade, he founded a Clinic for Skin andVenereal Diseases, and acted as its first director. In 1928, a Municipal Outpatient Clinic for Skin and Venereal Diseases was founded, whereas in 1938 a modern organization of the Service was established in a new building. After a break during the I World War, the Dermatovenereology Department of the General Military Hospital in Belgrade, founded in 1909, continued working until the Second World War. In Novi Sad, the City Hospital was founded in 1909, including a Dermatovenereology Department. After the First World War, in 1921, Dr. Jovan Nenadović founded a Department of Skinand Venereal Diseases (100 beds) in the General Public Hospital, as well as, an independent Public Outpatient Clinic for free-of-charge treatment of patients with venereal diseases. In Niš, the first Organization Unit for Venereal Diseases was founded in 1912, but the Department of Venereal Diseases was founded in 1921, and it was managed by Dr. Petar Davidović, while in 1927 a Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases was established within the General PublicHospital. In 1920, a Dermatovenereology Department of the Military Hospital in Niš was established. Apart from these, as early as 1921, there was a total of 7 Outpatient Clinics in Serbia, and in 1923 there were 14 venereal departments, and 1 dermatovenereology department.
Nanowire based heterostructures: fundamental properties and applications

In this paper the fundamental properties of heterostructures based on semiconductor nanowires synthesized with molecular beam epitaxy are reviewed. Special focus is given on surface passivation mechanisms with radial epitaxial passivation shells. The growth of radial p-i-n junctions in GaAs nanowires is discussed. Characterization of such nanowires on a single nanowire level is presented. The fundamental limits of single nanowire optical device performance are obtained by numerical simulation and discussed.
Demystifying the Equity Premium

We provide an explanation for the high equity premium and related puzzles based on persistent dividend growth and idiosyncratic income risk that have previously been shown to have potential for explaining the variance of stock prices, and the low risk-free rate. We show how these two elements can be integrated in a tractable framework to offer a convincing overall account for the history of U.S. asset prices. Our main explanation for the high equity premium is that there is a small persistent component to changes in dividend growth. This component, driven by the “business cycle,” makes equity prices very volatile, and hence a poor insurance instrument. The model also explains the extreme volatility of stock prices: the price-dividend ratio predicted by the model based on U.S. consumption data from 1891-2001 has a correlation of 72% with the actual price-dividend ratio in the S&P 500. In addition, we show that a high equity premium is consistent with plausible levels of risk aversion and a low inter-temporal elasticity of substitution, as long as consumption growth is less persistent than income growth.