Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GPS Data in Urban Online Car-Hailing: Simulation on Optimization and Prediction in Reducing Void Cruising Distance

Ride-hailing, as a popular shared-transportation method, has been operated in many areas all over the world. Researchers conducted various researches based on global cases. They argued on whether car-hailing is an effective travel mode for emission reduction and drew different conclusions. The detailed emission performance of the ride-hailing system depends on the cases. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to reduce the overall picking up distance during the dispatch. In this study, we try to satisfy this demand by proposing an optimization method combined with a prediction model to minimize the global void cruising distance when solving the dispatch problem. We use Didi ride-hailing data on one day for simulation and found that our method can reduce the picking up distance by 7.51% compared with the baseline greedy algorithm. The proposed algorithm additionally makes the average waiting time of passengers more than 4 minutes shorter. The statistical results also show that the performance of our method is stable. Almost the metric in all cases can be kept in a low interval. What is more, we did a day-to-day comparison. We found that, despite the different spatial-temporal distribution of orders and drivers on different day conditions, there are little differences in the performance of the method. We also provide temporal analysis on the changing pattern of void cruising distance and quantity of orders on weekdays and weekends. Our findings show that our method can averagely reduce more void cruising distance when ride-hailing is active compared with the traditional greedy algorithm. The result also shows that the method can stably reduce void cruising distance by about 4000 to 5000 m per order across one day. We believe that our findings can improve deeper insight into the mechanism of the ride-hailing system and contribute to further studies.
Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups: A Tutorial on the TWANG Shiny Application for Three or More Treatment Groups

This tutorial describes how to use a menu-driven Shiny application (app) based on the Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups (TWANG) R package. This tutorial provides an introduction about how to use the TWANG Shiny app to estimate propensity score weights and related treatment effects for comparing three or more treatment groups when using observational data.
Photoionization of dimeric polyatomic molecules: Proton affinities of H2O and HF

Photoionization studies of (H2O)2 and (HF)2 producing H3O+ and H2F+ yield 7.18±0.08 eV (165.8±1.8 kcal/mole) and 4.09±0.06 eV (94.3±1.4 kcal/mole) as the proton affinities of H2O and HF, respectively. The measured ionization potential of (H2O)2, 11.21±0.09 eV, along with the known ionization potential of H2O, 12.615±0.001 eV, allow the deduction of a lower bound for the dissociation energy of (H2O)2:1.58±0.13 eV (36±3 kcal/mole). The experiments have demonstrated that photoionization of dimers is one of the most useful general methods for the determination of proton affinities.
4,5,9,10-Tetrahydrocycloocta[1,2-c; 5,8-c′]dithiophene from bis(2-chloropropen-3-yl)sulfide: spectral and theoretical monitoring of the formation

The mechanism of the formation of 4,5,9,10-tetrahydrocyclocta[1,2-c; 5,8-c′]dithiophene from bis(2-chloropropen-3-yl)sulfide has been studied by quantum chemistry methods, UV, and IR spectroscopy. Possible routes of the polycyclic structures generation in the medium of 3,4-dimethylentiophene diradicals during the synthesis of 4,5,9,10-tetrahydrocycloocta[1,2-c; 5,8-c′]dithiophene are analyzed at DFT (B3LYP) level of theory. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Determination of localized stress–strain behavior of fused silica: Inverse numerical analysis from nanoindentation test

Because the localized mechanical properties of fused silica are unlikely to be obtained via conventional tensile testing, an inverse numerical analysis has been applied to deduce these properties using the load–displacement curve from nanoindentation testing. The mechanical properties were initially assumed, and the load–displacement curve was numerically simulated using three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analysis. The mechanical properties were adjusted until the numerical curve corresponded to the experimental curve, and then the localized mechanical properties in the vicinity of an indentation could be estimated. Unfortunately, the inverse numerical analysis requires time-consuming numerical calculation, involving many repetitions, by experienced researchers. In the present work, the influence of mechanical properties on the nanoindentation parameters of fused silica was evaluated, and the systematical adjustment of mechanical properties to obtain a satisfactory load–displacement curve has been proposed. It is considered that this procedure can be applied for the evaluation of localized stress–strain behavior of fused silica.
ATRIBUTOS BIOMÉTRICOS DA SOJA INFLUENCIADOS PELO NÍVEL DE pH DO SOLO

A calibração da necessidade de calagem para um solo é de fundamental importância para a correção efetiva da acidez além de assegurar o bom desenvolvimento das culturas agrícolas. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer a dose de corretivo de acidez mais adequada para o desenvolvimento da cultura da soja. O trabalho foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando um Cambissolo Háplico. Os tratamentos consistiram na incorporação de CaCO3 na quantidade equivalente para elevar o pH a 6,0 e frações desta dose. Após o período de incubação determinou-se o pH do solo e posteriormente foi realizada a semeadura da soja. O pH-H2O e a acidez potencial (H+Al) variaram de 4,0 a 6,8 e 15,6 a 1,3 cmolc dm-3 entre a menor e maior dose de corretivo, respectivamente. O incremento de massa seca da parte aérea foi proporcional a quantidade de corretivo, com produtividade máxima para a dose de 110% do preconizado, com posterior declínio. O número de vagens e a massa seca das raízes também foram positivamente influenciados pelo aumento da dose. Com base na correlação entre os componentes do solo e da planta, a quantidade de CaCO3 recomendada para a cultura da soja neste solo é de 10 Mg ha-1.
Seismic facies, stratigraphy, geomorphology, and seismic modelling of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform

Abstract Globally, Lower Cretaceous carbonate platforms form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. An exceptional seismic dataset allowed us to examine controls on the stratigraphy, seismic geomorphology, facies architecture and along-strike variability of a Lower Cretaceous platform. Within the platform succession, a partitioning of facies is developed between Transgressive, Highstand and Forced Regressive seismic sequences. Spectacular seismic geomorphological images of the platform using spectral decomposition techniques reveal spatial organization within both depositional and diagenetic (i.e. palaeokarst) patterns. The study was undertaken in order to optimize a well location. Predrill seismic facies interpretations were interpreted with the aid of offset well data and drill cores. Core data encompass a range of slope, platform margin and platform interior facies with inferred palaeoenvironments that are matched to the seismic geomorphology of the platform. 2D seismic forward modelling was integrated in our workflow to investigate the extent of potential sealing lithologies and the reservoir potential of the individual seismic sequences. Nearby wells were used to calibrate a modified rock physics model for the different lithofacies. Multiple seismic model realizations were generated to assess reservoir quality in alternative well locations and the continuity and quality of sealing strata. Results of the predrill forward-modelled poro-perm prediction are presented, showing a good fit with the final well observations after drilling.
Increased myocardial stiffness more than impaired relaxation function limits cardiac performance during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a virtual patient study

Abstract Aims The relative impact of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and impaired left atrial (LA) function on cardiovascular haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is largely unknown. We performed virtual patient simulations to elucidate the relative effects of these factors on haemodynamics at rest and during exercise. Methods and results The CircAdapt cardiovascular system model was used to simulate cardiac haemodynamics in wide ranges of impaired LV relaxation function, increased LV passive stiffness, and impaired LA function. Simulations showed that LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was preserved (>50%), despite these changes in LV and LA function. Impairment of LV relaxation function decreased E/A ratio and mildly increased LV filling pressure at rest. Increased LV passive stiffness resulted in increased E/A ratio, LA dilation and markedly elevated LV filling pressure. Impairment of LA function increased E/A ratio and LV filling pressure, explaining inconsistent grading of LVDD using echocardiographic indices. Exercise simulations showed that increased LV passive stiffness exerts a stronger exercise-limiting effect than impaired LV relaxation function does, especially with impaired LA function. Conclusion The CircAdapt model enabled realistic simulation of virtual HFpEF patients, covering a wide spectrum of LVDD and related limitations of cardiac exercise performance, all with preserved resting LVEF. Simulations suggest that increased LV passive stiffness, more than impaired relaxation function, reduces exercise tolerance, especially when LA function is impaired. In future studies, the CircAdapt model can serve as a valuable platform for patient-specific simulations to identify the disease substrate(s) underlying the individual HFpEF patient’s cardiovascular phenotype.
Thermodynamics of two-dimensional single-component elastic crystalline solids: single-wall carbon nanotubes

The thermodynamic behaviour of two-dimensional single-component elastic crystalline solids is developed: the surface Euler's equation, the surface Gibbs equation, the surface Gibbs–Duhem equation, and the conditions to be expected at equilibrium, including the stress-deformation behaviour of the crystal. The analysis recognizes that the surface Helmholtz free energy is an explicit function of the lattice vectors defining the crystalline structure. As an application, we obtain the stress-deformation behaviour of single-wall carbon nanotubes which are composed of a regular two-dimensional array of hexagonal lattices of carbon atoms. Using two potentials, Tersoff [1]–Brenner [2] and Brenner et al. [3] to describe interatomic potentials and hence the specific surface Helmholtz free energy, we compute the surface elastic properties for the single-wall carbon nanotubes. These are compared with the available experimental values.
What Is Hip-Hop?

El hip hop ​ es una cultura originada en el sur del Bronx y Harlem, en la ciudad de Nueva York, entre jóvenes afroamericanos y Latinos (Principalmente Boricuas y Jamaiquinos)durante la década de 1970. ​ ​ ​ ​Si bien el término hip hop o rap se usa a menudo para referirse al estilo musical y al estilo de vida, se considera que el hip hop no solo se circunscribe al ámbito musical y por el contrario consta de cuatro principales elementos: rap (oral: recitar o cantar), turntablism o "DJing" (auditiva o musical), breaking (físico: baile) y graffiti (visual: pintura). A pesar de sus variados y contrastados métodos de ejecución, se asocian fácilmente con la pobreza y la violencia que subyace al contexto histórico que dio nacimiento a la subcultura. Para este grupo de jóvenes, ofrece rebelarse en contra de las desigualdades y penurias que se vivían en las áreas urbanas de escasos recursos de Nueva York así que el hip hop funcionó inicialmente, como una forma de auto-expresión que propondría reflexionar, proclamar una alternativa, tratar de desafiar o simplemente evocar el estado de las circunstancias de dicho entorno, favoreciendo su desarrollo artístico. Incluso mientras continúa la historia contemporánea, a nivel mundial, hay un florecimiento de diversos estilos en cada uno de los cuatro elementos, adaptándose a los nuevos contextos en los que se ha inmerso el hip hop, sin desligarse de los principios fundamentales, los cuales proporcionan estabilidad y coherencia a la cultura.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) EVALUATION OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS SPECTROMETRY (LC-MS) DATASETS OF Ganoderma boninense INTRACELLULAR METABOLITES

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a powerful analytical technique for studying broad coverage of chemical datasets describing complex biological systems and events. In order to interpret the underlying information in such datasets, multivariate analysis method such as principal component analysis (PCA) is crucial for multiple sample comparisons and multivariate data reduction. PCA has been used for evaluation of large-scale datasets derived from LC-MS analysis of fungal metabolites for many applications. Therefore, in this study, we describe on PCA as a descriptive tool to cope with large LC-MS datasets of intracellular metabolites of oil palm basal stem rot (BSR) fungal pathogen, Ganoderma boninense from in vitro liquid culture system. The results revealed a classification and grouping of G. boninense intracellular metabolites according to time trend, where the primary metabolites, i.e. glucose, gluconic acid, mannitol and malic acid were found differentially expressed in G. boninense . The presented findings suggest that the PCA model provides a general approach for handling, analysis and interpretation of large LC-MS datasets to reveal time-dependent changes of intracellular metabolites that may indicate G. boninense developmental process in vitro .
Gambling and Political Economy, Revisited

ABSTRACT Gambling is central to our understanding of political economy, but the dominant story told about gambling within our subfield is highly partial. It focuses on globally spectacular forms and places of gambling, especially casinos. It tends to associate gambling with neo-liberal formulations of political economy. And it tends to fixate on men’s play. In this article, I seek to show the value of an alternative lens on gambling and political economy, provided by the game of bingo. I hereby aim to improve our academic accounts of gambling, such that they take better account of everyday games, and of capitalism, such that they are better attuned to its heterogeneity and its regulatory interactions with other, more-than-capitalist economies. Relying on historical law and policy debates about bingo in the UK, I make two arguments. Firstly, I tell a new story about gambling and political economy, by excavating a crucial mutual aid dimension to gambling liberalisation debates in the 1950s and 60s, and showing how that dimension fared under Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government (1979–90). Secondly, I use bingo as an entry point to a different way of conceptualising political economy, where the state regulation of diverse economies is a central preoccupation.
Analysis of the Magnetoelectric Sensor's Usability for the Energy Harvesting

The paper presents the analysis of the magnetic sensor’s applicability to the energy harvesting operations. The general scheme and technical advancement of the energy extraction from the electric vehicle (such as a tram or a train) is presented. The proposed methodology of applying the magnetic sensor to the energy harvesting is provided. The experimental scheme for the sensor characteristics and measurement results is discussed. Conclusions and future prospects regarding the practical implementation of the energy harvesting system are provided.
Reducing nonfatal suicidal behaviour among university students: actuarial analysis of potential effects of treating common mental disorders

Campus-based suicide prevention is an important priority for universities. One approach could be to identify and treat common mental disorders, but it is unclear what potential reduction in suicide might be achieved by such an approach. Our aim was to quantify this potential effect on prevalence of nonfatal suicidal behaviour among first-year students. Data were collected from students at two South African universities (N = 633) via an online survey. We assessed prevalence of nonfatal suicidal behaviour and six common mental disorders and used logistic regression models to identify all main and interaction associations of sociodemographic variables and common mental disorders as predictors of nonfatal suicidal behaviour. Population attributable risk analysis was used to quantify the potential reduction in nonfatal suicidal behaviour achieved by effectively treating common mental disorders, based on the simplifying assumption that the logistic regression coefficients of the common mental disorders represented causal effects on nonfatal suicidal behaviour. Twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were 40.9%, 22.3%, and 3.9%, respectively. Increased risk was associated with identifying as Black, female and reporting an atypical sexual orientation. Of the six common mental disorders, major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder were associated with all dimensions of nonfatal suicidal behaviour, bipolar spectrum disorder with increased risk of ideation and plan, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with ideation, and alcohol use disorder with suicide plan. Population attributable risk analysis suggests that treating common mental disorders could yield absolute reductions in suicide ideation, plan, and attempt of 17.0%, 55.0% and 73.8%, respectively. Pragmatic trials are needed to evaluate the effects on nonfatal suicidal behaviour of identifying and treating students with a prior history of common mental disorder early in their university careers.
Dual-mode thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator and filter

Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters have been extensively used in consumer products for mobile communication systems due to their high performance and a standard CMOS compatible integration process. However, a traditional BAW filter generally presents only one frequency transmission band; hence, it cannot meet the demands of multi-mode wireless communication systems. In this work, we propose a radio frequency dual-band filter based on a dual-mode film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). The dual-mode FBAR consists of molybdenum electrodes and an aluminum nitride film with a c axis tilt angle, which leads to the coexistence of the longitudinal mode and the shear mode in the resonator. The influence of the tilt angle on the resonant frequency and electromechanical coupling coefficient of the dual-mode FBAR is investigated. Subsequently, the behaviors of the dual-mode FBAR have been emulated by a modified Butterworth–Van Dyke model with two motional branches, which is further used to design and optimize the dual-band filter. The dual-mode FBAR-based filters connected in a ladder configuration present two dual passbands of 43 MHz and 105 MHz, respectively. The developed filters with dual passbands can give an inspiration to the design of BAW devices in modern wireless communications.
Study on Ignition-Like Behavior Induced by Interaction of Curved Non-Premixed (Diffusion) Flames

An abrupt temperature increase induced by the interaction of “curved” diffusion flames is studied experimentally. The main purpose is to reproduce and measure the numerically predicted unsteady behavior of interacting flames experimentally. A pair of curved non-premixed (i.e., diffusion) flames, which was made by four slot burners (two combined counter flow burners), is utilized. Curved flames are either formed over the fuel stream (normal diffusion flame) or oxidizer stream (inverse diffusion flame) depending on the condition, and their interaction is demonstrated. The characteristics of the ignition-like behavior, namely, a time-sequential change in sound and luminescence from the image generated by the flame fluctuation, are acquired by a microphone and a high-speed camera, respectively. From the periodic unsteady behavior of interacting flames, the ignition-like behavior is successfully confirmed in the experiment. The observed change of frequency of the ignition-like behavior against the bulk velocity gradient agrees with that predicted previously in the numerical analysis.
A numerical model study of the main factors contributing to hypoxia and its interannual and short-term variability in the East China Sea

Abstract. A three-dimensional physical-biological model of the marginal seas of China was used to analyze interannual and intra-seasonal variations in hypoxic conditions and identify the main processes controlling their generation off the Changjiang (or Yangtze River) estuary. The model was compared against available observations and reproduces the observed temporal and spatial variability of physical and biological properties including bottom oxygen. Interannual variations of hypoxic extent in the simulation are partly explained by variations in river discharge but not nutrient load. As riverine inputs of freshwater and nutrients are consistently high, promoting large productivity and subsequent oxygen consumption in the region affected by the river plume, wind forcing is important in modulating interannual and short-term variability. Wind direction is relevant because it determines the spatial extent and distribution of the freshwater plume, which is strongly affected by either upwelling or downwelling conditions. High-wind events can lead to partial reoxygenation of bottom waters and, when occurring in succession throughout the hypoxic season, can effectively suppress the development of hypoxic conditions, thus influencing interannual variability. A model-derived oxygen budget is presented and suggests that sediment oxygen consumption is the dominant oxygen sink below the pycnocline and that advection of oxygen in the bottom waters acts as an oxygen sink in spring but becomes a source during hypoxic conditions in summer, especially in the southern part of the hypoxic region, which is influenced by open-ocean intrusions.
Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of Mo-based dichalcogenide monolayers locally and randomly modified by substitutional atoms

Density functional theory and Boltzmann transport equations are used to investigate electronic band structure and thermoelectric (TE) properties of different two-dimensional (2D) materials containing Mo, S, Nb, Se, and Te. In MoS2-based monolayers (MLs) the substitution of S atoms by Te atoms up to the concentration of 12.5 at% leads to a more significant change of the band structure than in the corresponding case with Se atoms. In particular, the bandgap is reduced. At a high concentration of Se or Te the electronic structure becomes more similar to that of the SeMoS or TeMoS Janus layers, and the MoSe2 or MoTe2 MLs. It is found that local and random introduction of substitutional Se or Te atoms yields not very different results. The substitution of Mo by Nb, at the concentration of 2.1 at% leads to hole levels. The thermoelectric properties of the considered 2D materials are quantified by the Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric figure of merit. The two characteristics are determined for different levels of p- or n-doping of the MLs and for different temperatures. Compared to the pristine MoS2 ML, Te substitutional atoms cause more changes of the thermoelectric properties than Se atoms. However, MLs with Se substitutional atoms show a high thermoelectric figure of merit in a broader range of possible p- or n-doping levels. In most cases, the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit is about one, both in p- and n-type materials, and for temperatures between 300 and 1200 K. This is not only found for MoS2-based MLs with substitutional atoms but also for the Janus layers and for MoSe2 or MoTe2 MLs. Interestingly, for MLs with one Nb as well as two or four Te substitutional atoms the highest values of the TE figure of merit of 1.2 and 1.40, respectively, are obtained at a temperature of 1200 K.