Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Matrix and the Production of Cultured Meat

Cultured meat production is an evolving method of producing animal meat using tissue engineering techniques. Cells, chemical factors, and suitable biomaterials that serve as scaffolds are all essential for the cultivation of muscle tissue. Scaffolding is essential for the development of organized meat products resembling steaks because it provides the mechanical stability needed by cells to attach, differentiate, and mature. In in vivo settings, extracellular matrix (ECM) ensures substrates and scaffolds are provided for cells. The ECM of skeletal muscle (SM) maintains tissue elasticity, creates adhesion points for cells, provides a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and regulates biological processes. Consequently, creating mimics of native ECM is a difficult task. Animal-derived polymers like collagen are often regarded as the gold standard for producing scaffolds with ECM-like properties. Animal-free scaffolds are being investigated as a potential source of stable, chemically defined, low-cost materials for cultured meat production. In this review, we explore the influence of ECM on myogenesis and its role as a scaffold and vital component to improve the efficacy of the culture media used to produce cultured meat.
MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF AN HCCI ENGINE

For the past three decades the automotive industry is facing two main conflicting challenges to improve fuel economy and meet emissions standards. This has driven the engineers and researchers around the world to develop engines and powertrain which can meet these two daunting challenges. Focussing on the internal combustion engines there are very few options to enhance their performance beyond the current standards without increasing the price considerably. The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine technology is one of the combustion techniques which has the potential to partially meet the current critical challenges including CAFE standards and stringent EPA emissions standards. HCCI works on very lean mixtures compared to current SI engines, resulting in very low combustion temperatures and ultra low NOx emissions. These engines when controlled accurately result in ultra low soot formation. On the other hand HCCI engines face a problem of high unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. This technology also faces acute combustion controls problem, which if not dealt properly with yields highly unfavourable operating conditions and exhaust emissions. This thesis contains two main parts. One part deals in developing an HCCI experimental setup and the other focusses on developing a grey box modelling technique to control HCCI exhaust gas emissions. The experimental part gives the complete details on modification made on the stock engine to run in HCCI mode. This part also comprises details xix and specifications of all the sensors, actuators and other auxiliary parts attached to the conventional SI engine in order to run and monitor the engine in SI mode and future SI-HCCI mode switching studies. In the latter part around 600 data points from two different HCCI setups for two different engines are studied. A grey-box model for emission prediction is developed. The grey box model is trained with the use of 75% data and the remaining data is used for validation purpose. An average of 70% increase in accuracy for predictining engine performance is found while using the grey-box over an empirical (black box) model during this study. The grey-box model provides a solution for the difficulty faced for real time control of an HCCI engine. The grey-box model in this thesis is the first study in literature to develop a control oriented model for predicting HCCI engine emissions for control.
Novel unified mode matching analysis of concentric waveguide junctions

A novel unified mode matching technique is proposed for the calculation of the modal scattering matrix of concentric waveguide junctions. The TE and TM modal fields in both waveguides which are connected to form the junction are expressed in the Cartesian coordinate system, so that the coupling coefficients of all the modes can be evaluated effectively. All types of waveguide junction are dealt with in a similar manner and no special function is required. As examples, the scattering parameters of nine types of waveguide junction are calculated and compared with other methods or measurements in the literature. Very good agreement in all these cases demonstrates the efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of this technique.
Unsupervised/supervised learning concept for 24-hour load forecasting

An application of artificial neural networks in short-term load forecasting is described. An algorithm using an unsupervised/supervised learning concept and historical relationship between the load and temperature for a given season, day type and hour of the day to forecast hourly electric load with a lead time of 24 hours is proposed. An additional approach using functional link net, temperature variables, average load and last one-hour load of previous day is introduced and compared with the ANN model with one hidden layer load forecast. In spite of limited available weather variables (maximum, minimum and average temperature for the day) quite acceptable results have been achieved. The 24-hour-ahead forecast errors (absolute average) ranged from 2.78% for Saturdays and 3.12% for working days to 3.54% for Sundays.
Performance evaluation between two automated biochemical analyzer systems: Roche Cobas 8000 and Mindray BS2000M

Background The values of biomarkers play a central role in routine clinical decision-making. Whereas the performance of different automated chemical analyzers remains unclear. To determine the performance of different platforms, we compared the consistency and accuracy between Roche Cobas 8000 and Mindray BS2000M. Methods A total of 1869 remaining serum samples were collected. CK, LDH-1, RBP, Cys-C, IgA, IgM, and IgG were assessed using paired t-test, Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis according to CLSI EP5-A3. Results There were significant differences in the average bias of all items between the two machines (P<0.001). Because the 95% confidence interval of intercept A included 0, CK, LDH-1, Cys-C and IgG did not show systematic error in Passing-Bablok regression analysis. The confidence interval of 95% of the slope B in IgM contained 1, and there was no difference in the two measurements in IgM. Except for IgA, the r values and correlation coefficient of all items were higher than 0.91, which showed that the correlation and consistency were good. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that two instruments had more than 95% of the points apart from CK, LDH-1, and IgA. Conclusions It can be considered that the two instruments have good correlation and consistency in CK, LDH-1, RBP, Cys-C, IgM, and IgG, and the two instruments are interchangeable and can replace each other.
Curved PBG cell and its applications

An experimental investigation of a novel compact Wilkinson power divider and ring hybrid incorporating a 1-D slow-wave structure, in the form of perforation on the ring, itself, is presented. The size of the structures is reduced by more than 20% due to the slow-wave effect. The inclusion of these PBG cells has no significant effect to the measured insertion loss when compared to the conventional designs.
An Automated cDNA Microarray Image Analysis for the Determination of Gene Expression Ratios

This paper proposes a fully automated technique for cDNA microarray image analysis. Initially, an effective preprocessing stage combined with gridding is built to get the individual spot regions of images. Current work begins with the proposal of a new rule to get the foreground (spot) and background regions in the spot blocks, which uses TV-L1 image denoising, spot block binarization, and finds the most accurate spot label by measuring the centroid differences of labelled regions in the block with that of the spot block centroid. The credibility of the segmentation rule on real images is evaluated by metrics: mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of variation (CV) and on synthetic images by metrics: probability of error (PE) and discrepancy distance (DD). The performance values on real and synthetic datasets reveal better results than the competitive methods. After the segmentation, prior to the spot intensity extraction, background intensity correction and flagging of noisy spots are executed. Using the lowess method, intensities are normalized, and gene expression ratios are determined. To comprehend the linearities of red and green intensities and to discern up and down-regulated genes (abnormal), fold-change factor, scatter and box plots are also used to represent the gene expression levels.
Effect of Peptide Dose on Radiation Dosimetry for Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu-DOTATOC: A Pilot Study

Background: Optimal peptide concentration in treatment with 177Lu-DOTATOC/DOTATATE is a matter of debate. Most of the studies with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy mention peptide dose ranging between 100 and 250 μg. The aim of this is to identify possible differences in radiation-absorbed doses (D/Gy) to tumor and kidney as a function of the peptide mass dose in order to identify the most suitable peptide dose for treatment. The therapeutic index (Dtumor/Dkidneys) was assessed as a key parameter for the treatment response. Materials and Methods: Five patients with metastasized Grade 1 to Grade 2 neuroendocrine tumor were analyzed in this study. Patients (n = 4) received two cycles of treatment with intravenously injected 177Lu-DOTATOC containing peptide mass doses of 200 μg and 90 μg, alternatively; one patient was treated with 90 μg peptide mass in both the therapy cycles. Whole-body (head to mid-thigh) three-dimensional single-photon emission computerized tomography (3D SPECT)/CT images were acquired at 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h following the injection of 177Lu-DOTATOC. Attenuation correction for 3D SPECT images was performed using CT data acquired and fused with the SPECT data (SPECT/CT). Results: Overall, 28 target lesions (liver n = 17, lung n = 4, lymph nodes n = 1, and bone n = 2) were analyzed after 1st and 2nd therapy cycles. Tumor normalized absorbed doses varied by a factor of 74 between 0.35 and 26 mGy/MBq. Averaged over all patients, a higher normalized mean tumor dose (10.51 mGy/MBq) was achieved for a peptide dose of 200 μg compared to 90 μg (4.58 mGy/MBq). Kidneys doses varied by a factor of up to 4 between patients (0.25–1.0 mGy/MBq) (independent of dose cycle and peptide dose) and by a factor of up to 2 between dose cycles. The mean kidney dose was 13.7% higher for the 90 μg peptide dose compared to 200 μg. Given the higher tumor dose, the mean therapeutic index of a 200 μg mass dose was considerably higher (16.95), compared to a 90 μg mass dose (9.63). This coincided with the observation, that lesion volume reduction was more pronounced after an initial treatment with a 200 μg mass dose. Biologically effective dose was only 5. 1%–19.3% higher than the absorbed dose for individual dose cycles. Conclusions: Higher peptide dose of 200 μg appears to be more suitable than 90 μg in terms of tumor dose, kidney dose, and therapeutic index for treatment with 177Lu-DOTATOC.
ATC Concepts for V/STOL Vehicles. Part 1. Downtown STOLport. Part 2. CSTOL/STOL Airport.

Abstract : Two dynamic simulations were conducted, using saturated Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) aircraft traffic sample inputs, to study the effects of various aspects of STOL aircraft operations within the Air Traffic Control System. One investigated the effects of STOL aircraft operating at a downtown STOLport within the New York terminal area complex; the other investigated the effect of STOL aircraft operating on various configurations of STOL runways at a high-density, multi-runway, conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) airport. It was concluded that STOL operations can be accommodated at a downtown STOLport; however, where airspace is limited, intricate profiles requiring a high degree of aircraft performance may be required. The performance of these profiles should be an onboard responsibility using highly accurate area navigation equipments with the ATC facility serving as a monitor. (Author Modified Abstract)
S + C + L Band tunable wavelength conversion using FWM dual‐wavelength fiber laser in a highly nonlinear fiber

In this article, a novel wideband wavelength conversion is demonstrated using a highly nonlinear fiber consisting of a fluorine‐doped fiber that has a high delta core and surrounded by a deeply depressed ring as opposed to the use of photonic crystal fibers.The wavelength conversion range is from 1460 to 1640 nm, which covers the S‐, C‐ and L‐bands of the optical network. The interacting waves consist of an arrayed waveguide grating tuned dual‐wavelength fiber laser output together with a tunable laser source signal. A four‐wave‐mixing conversion of efficiency of −20 dB is achieved within a 70 nm tuning range within a 3.9 dB fluctuation. An optical signal to noise ratio of 30 dB is also realized within the same tuning range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:379–382, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27284
Combining pseudoranges from GPS and Loran-C for air navigation

Position fixing, receiver autonomous fault detection, and receiver autonomous fault isolation are treated as system services, and the probability of outage for these three services is computed. The outage probability for the level of service required for nonprecision approach and enroute navigation in the National Airspace System is computed. The analysis assumes that GPS (Global Positioning System) is configured in the Optimal 21 constellation and includes the effects of satellite as well as Loran station failures. it is pointed out that user equipment which combines pseudoranges from GPS and Loran would be more reliable than an unaided GPS receiver or a Loran-only receiver. It could remove coverage outages caused by satellite failures and/or bad satellite geometry. Similarly, it could remove most of the coverage outages caused by Loran station shutdowns, high atmospheric noise levels, or precipitation static. A hybrid GPS/Loran receiver could also reliably provide self-contained fault detection and isolation (otherwise known as receiver autonomous integrity monitoring). <<ETX>>
Detection and classification of concealed weapons using a magnetometer-based portal

A concealed weapons detection technology was developed through the support of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to provide a non intrusive means for rapid detection, location, and archiving of data (including visual) of potential suspects and weapon threats. This technology, developed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), has been applied in a portal style weapons detection system using passive magnetic sensors as its basis. This paper will report on enhancements to the weapon detection system to enable weapon classification and to discriminate threats from non-threats. Advanced signal processing algorithms were used to analyze the magnetic spectrum generated when a person passes through a portal. These algorithms analyzed multiple variables including variance in the magnetic signature from random weapon placement and/or orientation. They perform pattern recognition and calculate the probability that the collected magnetic signature correlates to a known database of weapon versus non-weapon responses. Neural networks were used to further discriminate weapon type and identify controlled electronic items such as cell phones and pagers. False alarms were further reduced by analyzing the magnetic detector response by using a Joint Time Frequency Analysis digital signal processing technique. The frequency components and power spectrum for a given sensor response were derived. This unique fingerprint provided additional information to aid in signal analysis. This technology has the potential to produce major improvements in weapon detection and classification.
The modelling and design of controllable composite transducers

Some performance characteristics of controllable composite transducers, comprising an apodized disc piezoceramic transmitter and an integral polymer film receiver, are described and verified on an experimental basis. Apodization of the transmitter, via a restive taper electrode design, is utilized to control the spatial distribution of the generated ultrasonic field. The wideband receiver may comprise a single-element polyvinylidene layer or alternatively can be configured as a one-dimensional multielement annular array. Using this combination the composite devices are shown to produce enhanced signal quality, particularly in applications such as imaging and materials characterization where some form of inverse signal processing is required. <<ETX>>
Design and core competency, the missing links

Abstract Designing in an industrial context is a very complex activity. It needs the integration of heterogeneous knowledge or skills, to transform a set of ill-defined requirements into an artefact that satisfies esthetical, functional, technical, economical criteria. Design process optimization with methods like system engineering and core competency building are key issues for managers of product development process, design skills networks, communities of design practices… In the literature, these issues have been dealt with separately. In this paper, we propose a framework of reference that helps us to explicit the content of the core design competency. This framework is a first step beyond an efficient competency based management of design structures.
Prediction and Quickening in Perspective Flight Displays for Curved Landing Approaches

In an empirical test of various predictor and quickened display algorithms eighteen professional pilot-subjects made four curved-path landing approaches in a Gat-2 simulator using each of 14 dynamically different display configurations in a within-subject design. Results indicate that second- and third-order predictor displays provide the best lateral performance. Intermediate levels of prediction and quickening provide best vertical control. Predictor-quickening algorithms of increasing computational order signficantly reduce aileron, rudder, and elevator control responses, reflecting successive reductions in cockpit workload. Whereas conventional crosspointer displays are not adequate for curved landing approaches, perspective displays with predictors and some vertical dimension quickening are highly effective.
Cryptosporidium felis differs from other Cryptosporidium spp. in codon usage

Cryptosporidium spp. are important enteric pathogens in a wide range of vertebrates including humans. Previous comparative analysis revealed conservation in genome composition, gene content, and gene organization among Cryptosporidium spp. , with a progressive reductive evolution in metabolic pathways and invasion-related proteins. In this study, we sequenced the genome of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium felis and conducted a comparative genomic analysis. While most intestinal Cryptosporidium species have similar genomic characteristics and almost complete genome synteny, fewer protein-coding genes and some sequence inversions and translocations were found in the C. felis genome. The C. felis genome exhibits much higher GC content (39.6 %) than other Cryptosporidium species (24.3–32.9 %), especially at the third codon position (GC3) of protein-coding genes. Thus, C. felis has a different codon usage, which increases the use of less energy costly amino acids (Gly and Ala) encoded by GC-rich codons. While the tRNA usage is conserved among Cryptosporidium species, consistent with its higher GC content, C. felis uses a unique tRNA for GTG for valine instead of GTA in other Cryptosporidium species. Both mutational pressures and natural selection are associated with the evolution of the codon usage in Cryptosporidium spp. , while natural selection seems to drive the codon usage in C. felis. Other unique features of the C. felis genome include the loss of the entire traditional and alternative electron transport systems and several invasion-related proteins. Thus, the preference for the use of some less energy costly amino acids in C. felis may lead to a more harmonious parasite–host interaction, and the strengthened host-adaptation is reflected by the further reductive evolution of metabolism and host invasion-related proteins.
Compressed Sampling in Shift-Invariant Spaces Associated with FrFT

Shift-invariant and sampling spaces play a vital role in the fields of signal processing and image processing. In this paper, we extend the generalized shift-invariant and sampling subspaces from the traditional sampling spaces to the compressed sampling, and develop a compressed sampling method for analog sparse signals based on the shift-invariant spaces associated with fractional Fourier transform (FrFT). First, we show the generalized shift-invariant and sampling subspaces can be used to explain the traditional sampling spaces with single generator or multiple generators in the fractional Fourier domain (FrFD). The non-ideal sampling structures of single channel and multiple channels are special cases of the generalized shift-invariant subspaces. Second, a compressed sampling method for the sparse signals in the FrFD is proposed by reusing the multiple generators of the shift invariant spaces as sparse representation. We combine the sensing matrix of compressed sensing and the framework of sampling scheme in the shift-invariant spaces to construct a compressed sampling method, which perfectly recovered the original signal with a sufficient low sampling rate. By choosing different filters, the proposed framework allows to derive many specific sampling schemes. Finally, a compressed sampling method for multiband signals in the FrFD is proposed based on the forgoing theorems. The numeral simulation validates the theoretical derivations.
An Enhanced Control Strategy for Mitigation of State-Transition Oscillation Phenomena in Grid-Forming Self-Synchronized Converter System with Islanded Power System

This paper proposes an enhanced control strategy for mitigating state-transition oscillations in active and reactive power responses of self-synchronized converter system to secure the islanded power system stability. The self-synchronized converter is well known for “grid-forming” that is able to operate to stand-alone mode (SAM) providing grid voltage and frequency without phase synchronization units. Although the grid-forming (GFM) is self-synchronized, the inherent synchronization principle causes system degradation in which should maintain a point of common coupling (PCC) voltage for critical loads as well as transitions from grid-connected mode (GCM) to SAM and vice versa. Therefore, this paper focuses on resolving the inherent oscillatory issues in GFM self-synchronized converter system (especially adopted ‘synchronverter’ principle), and proposes a control strategy for controllability improvement based on stability analysis for smooth state-transition under islanded power system. The efficacy of the proposed control method is verified through a high-fidelity electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation with case studies on 30kW synchronverter system and further experimental hardware-in-loop system (HILS) test with Opal-RT (OP-5707) platform.