Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the 2008 Phreatomagmatic Eruption of Okmok From ArcticDEM and InSAR: Deposition, Erosion, and Deformation

Okmok volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Islands, erupted between 12 July and 19 August 2008 and produced a new tephra cone (Ahmanilix) up to 253 m high. A coeruptive deposit thickness map and the posteruptive elevation change rate map are generated for this phreatomagmatic eruption using the new, high‐resolution (2 m) digital elevation model (DEM) time series provided by ArcticDEM. The total dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume over the proximal deposit field classified from the elevation change map is estimated as 0.147 ± 0.001 km3 DRE (bulk volume of 0.453 ± 0.003 km3). Combined with the distal deposit volume derived from field measurements, the total DRE is 0.25 km3 (bulk volume of 0.76 km3). The estimated erosion rate is up to −15 ± 3 m/year along the flanks of Ahmanilix, and the redeposition rate is about 1 ± 0.3 m/year at the base and 6 ± 1 m/year within the center of Ahmanilix. The surface elevation change also reveals a large ground surface collapse that disrupted the old Cone D lava bench, with a total collapse area of 0.15 km2 and a volume of (7.1 ± 0.4) × 10−3 km3. We also produce a coeruptive deformation map from satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) using topography from both ArcticDEM and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and compare the results. Finally, based on historical eruption volumes, the magma supply rate at Okmok is estimated as (1.77 ± 0.1) × 10−3 km3/year.
A Transmission Line Modeling (TLM) Algorithm to Evaluate Grounding Grids Including Soil Ionization

The paper proposes an innovative numerical model-based on Transmission Line Modeling method (TLM) for the representation of ground meshes including the nonlinear soil disruption phenomenon. In the presented model, the soil ionization is represented by the temporal change of conductive components taking into account the residual resistivity retained in the ionized region. Simulations are performed for a ground mat submitted to an impulsive surge. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art solutions are presented and demonstrate that the proposed technique is appropriate for representation of elaborated grounding grids, resulting in a faithfully and more accurate numerical model. Ease of implementation without hard-to-design parameters, highlight the model attributes for practical purpose.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Tangut monkshood Aconitum tanguticum (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae)

Abstract The Tangut monkshood (Aconitum tanguticum) is a perennial herb with high medicinal values. Here, its chloroplast genome was assembled from Illumina sequencing reads. The circular genome is 157,114 bp long with an A + T-biased nucleotide composition, and comprises a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,255 bp), separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region (87,559 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (17,045 bp). It encodes a total of 112 gene species, with 19 of them being completely or partially duplicated and 18 of them harboring one or two introns. Phylogenetic analysis recovered two major clades of the genus Aconitum.
Swan grazing on seagrass: abundance but not grazing pressure varies over an annual cycle in a temperate estuary

Herbivorouswaterfowlsuchasblackswansaresignificantgrazersintemperatewaterbodies;theirabundance, distribution and grazing rates vary over seasonal cycles. The present study examined spatial and temporal variation in the abundanceandgrazingratesofblackswansintheLowerSwanRiverestuary,WesternAustralia,usingvisualsurveysover 1year(2009),andpotentialdriversofthisvariation,foodsourcesanddisturbancefactorswereassessed.Wepredictedthat swan abundance and grazing pressure would be greater in summer and autumn when seasonal wetlands dry and the abundance of food sources would positively influence their distribution, whereas the level of disturbance would have a negative effect. Plant-grazer interactions are dynamic and complex; the present study revealed new findings on the seasonality of this relationship, where swan abundance but not grazing pressure varied over an annual cycle. Maximum swan abundance occurred in autumn (185) with minima in spring (53) but the swan grazing pressure did not vary between seasons, ranging from 6% to 25% of seagrass production consumed. Swan abundance was a function of season and the cover of seagrass. Key hot spots for swan abundance were identified where management efforts could be targeted by minimising human disturbances and protecting seagrass. Additional keywords: black swan (Cygnus atratus), Halophila ovalis, Lower Swan River estuary, Western Australia.
Optimizing the trajectory of drones: trade-off between distance and energy

The use of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones has emerged to efficiently collect data from mobile sensors when there is no infrastructure available. The drones can form a flying ad-hoc network through which the sensors can send their data to a base station at any time. In this paper, we present a mixed integer linear program to find the drones’ optimal trajectories to form and maintain this network through time while minimizing their movements and energy consumption. Furthermore we analyze the trade-off between distance and energy, where increasing the drones’ mobility can reduce their energy consumption, and derive a fair trade-off optimal solution to balance the two opposite objectives.
Microbial spoilage analysis and its effect on chemical changes and shelf-life of Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) stored in air at various temperatures

Summary Microbial activity and spoilage of Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) from Greek temperate waters, stored in air at 20, 5 and 0 °C was assessed. Microbial spoilage population, Total Volatile-Base Nitrogen (TVB-N), Trimethylamine-Nitrogen (TMA-N), pH and organoleptic changes were determined. Shelf-life of Norway lobster stored at 20, 5 and 0 °C was 24, 72 and 96 h respectively. The product was spoiled due to the development of TVB-N and melanosis of the carapace, as TVB-N was apparent from the early stages of storage and correlated very well with microbial growth and shelf-life. Pseudomonas sp. was the predominant spoilage bacterium. Product rejection coincided with TVB-N levels of 330–400 mg kg−1 and Pseudomonas sp. population level of about 5 × 105 cfu g−1. Pseudomonas sp. and TVB-N are presumably the Specific Spoilage Organism and the Chemical Spoilage Index of the product.
Design and analysis of a novel quasi Z source based asymmetric multilevel inverter for PV applications

A novel Quasi Z source (QZS) based Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic application is proposed in this paper. It consists of an Impedance source-based dc-dc converter and Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter (AMLI). QZS network can buck/boost the input DC voltage eliminating separate DC-DC boost converter. MLI topology with reduced switches and DC input provide high quality output with large levels. DC input magnitude of the inverter is based on an algorithm. The system ensures high voltage gain, low switching stress, lessened gate circuitry, high reliability and better harmonic profile. Low THD values ensures reduced filter size and hence cost. The theoretical concepts and parameter design of the proposed topology is illustrated in detail. The performance analysis is verified using Matlab/Simulink environment.
Social Support and Social Networks among LGBT Older Adults in Rural Southern Appalachia

ABSTRACT While research has begun to examine social networks and social support among LGBT older adults living in rural contexts, no research to date has examined these issues within the unique context of rural southern Appalachia. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to extend this emerging area of research by exploring the perspectives of LGBT older adults on their social networks and social support while living in rural southern Appalachia. In this study, 11 LGBT-identifying older adults were interviewed regarding their social networks and social support within the cultural context of rural Southern Appalachia. Participants generally described having rich informal social support networks that seemed to buffer and mitigate the deleterious effects of the wider culture of homophobia and transphobia. These networks, while varying from person to person, included families of choice (spouse / partner, close friends), neighbors, pets, biological family / families of origin, religious and spiritual communities, women’s or men’s social groups, and current or former coworkers. While six of the participants voiced that their support system was adequate for their needs, there were reports of mixed, tenuous, or insufficient support systems for five participants. After reviewing main findings, implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Germination and Early Seedling Growth Characteristics of Arachis hypogaea L. under Salinity (NaCl) Stress

Peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) are glycophytes indicating their vulnerability to highly saline soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different NaCl concentrations on seed germination characteristics and early seedling growth of peanut seeds of three Bulgarian cultivars 'Kremena', 'Kalina' and '4389'. Four different concentrations of NaCl (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) were used as treatments and deionized water as control. To determine the salinity tolerance, the data for following germination characteristics germination energy (%), final germination (%), coefficient of velocity of germination (% day-1), germination rate index and mean germination time (day) and seedling characteristics shoot and root length (cm), fresh weight (mg plant-1) of shoot and root and dry weight (mg plant-1) of shoot and root were recorded. The Vigor index, coefficients of depression of roots and shoots and salt tolerance index were also calculated. The genotype had the strongest influence on the variance of the root length, while the salinity treatment had the strongest influence on germination energy, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination rate index, mean germination time, length of shoot, fresh weight of shoot and dry weigth of shoot and root. 'Kremena' was the most tolerant at seedling growth stage, while '4389' was the most sensitive especially at high levels of salt stress. Principal component (PC) analysis grouped analysed cultivars at different salinity stress according to similarity on the basis of investigated germination and seedling characters in two components in the factor plane.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Artemisia argyi Powder and the Effect on Hepatic and Intestinal Antioxidant Indices in Broiler Chickens

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effect of Artemisia argyi powder (AAP). 240 mixed-sex one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups, each consisting of six replicates (one replicate per cage) with eight broilers per replicate. Broilers were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g AAP per kg feed, respectively. The hepatic and intestinal samples were collected on d 21 and 42 for analysis of antioxidant indices and antioxidative enzyme gene expression. The in vitro results showed that the scavenging activity of Artemisia argyi against •OH and DPPH were 34.99±1.11% and 74.12±0.50%, respectively; the ferric reducing power was 2.58±0.03%. The in vivo results showed that dietary 20 g/kg of AAP significantly enhanced the hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, also decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content; dietary10 g/kg of AAP significantly increased the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT on d 42. For the duodenum, 10 g/kg of AAP increased SOD activity (P<0.05), and reduced MDA level (P<0.05) on d 21; the gene expression of CAT and SOD were increased in the 20 g/kg of AAP treatment compared with the control group on d 42. For the jejunum, on d 21, the T-AOC level was increased by inclusion of 10 g/kg of AAP, and CAT activity was enhanced significantly at 5, 10, and 20 g/kg of AAP group; dietary AAP significantly decreased MDA level at the concentration of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg in contrast with control group on d 42; 5 and 20 g/kg of AAP increased the gene expression of SOD on d 21, and the gene expression of GSH-Px was increased (P<0.05) in 10 g/kg of AAP group on d 42. For the ileum, compared to the control group, 2.5 and 20 g/kg of AAP increased SOD activity (P<0.05); and dietary 10 and 20 g/kg of AAP significantly reduced MDA level; dietary 10 g/kg of AAP increased the gene expression of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in broilers on d 42. In conclusion, dietary AAP could improve the antioxidant defenses of liver and small intestine, and the best concentration of the AAP improving hepatic and small intestinal antioxidant status was 20 g/kg and 10 g/kg, respectively.
Genes of the RAV Family Control Heading Date and Carpel Development in Rice1[OPEN]

RELATED TO ABI3 AND VP1 (RAV) gene function is conserved in the regulation of flowering time in monocots and dicots, although via different mechanisms, and reveal roles in rice gynoecium development. In plants, correct formation of reproductive organs is critical for successful seedset and perpetuation of the species. Plants have evolved different molecular mechanisms to coordinate flower and seed development at the proper time of the year. Among the plant-specific RELATED TO ABI3 AND VP1 (RAV) family of transcription factors, only TEMPRANILLO1 (TEM1) and TEM2 have been shown to affect reproductive development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). They negatively regulate the floral transition through direct repression of FLOWERING LOCUS T and GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE1/2, encoding major components of the florigen. Here we identify RAV genes from rice (Oryza sativa), and unravel their regulatory roles in key steps of reproductive development. Our data strongly suggest that, like TEMs, OsRAV9/OsTEM1 has a conserved function as a repressor of photoperiodic flowering upstream of the floral activators OsMADS14 and Hd3a, through a mechanism reminiscent of that one underlying floral transition in temperate cereals. Furthermore, OsRAV11 and OsRAV12 may have acquired a new function in the differentiation of the carpel and the control of seed size, acting downstream of floral homeotic factors. Alternatively, this function may have been lost in Arabidopsis. Our data reveal conservation of RAV gene function in the regulation of flowering time in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, but also unveil roles in the development of rice gynoecium.
Applications, Methodologies, and Technologies for Linked Open Data: A Systematic Literature Review

Advances in semantic web technologies have rocketed the volume of linked data published on the web. In this regard, linked open data (LOD) has long been a topic of great interest in a wide range of fields (e.g. open government, business, culture, education, etc.). This article reports the results of a systematic literature review on LOD. 250 articles were reviewed for providing a general overview of the current applications, technologies, and methodologies for LOD. The main findings include: i) most of the studies conducted so far focus on the use of semantic web technologies and tools applied to contexts such as biology, social sciences, libraries, research, and education; ii) there is a lack of research with regard to a standardized methodology for managing LOD; and iii) a plenty of tools can be used for managing LOD, but most of them lack of user-friendly interfaces for querying datasets.
Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel supplementation on the digestibility, methane production, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves in northwest China.

This study evaluated the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel (AM) supplementation on nitrogen (N) balance, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidant properties. Sixteen male calves were assigned randomly to four groups, and the four were added with 0 (CON), 200 mg/kg (body weight; BW) (Low AM; LA), 400 mg/kg (BW) (Middle AM; MA), or 800 mg/kg (BW) (High AM; HA) per day for each individual. AM was added on dry matter (DM) basis. The experiment lasted for 58 days. Supplementation of AM could significantly increase average daily gain, DM digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and retained N/Intake N. N digestibility and molar proportion of propionate in the MA and HA treatments were higher than that in the CON treatment (p < .05), respectively. AM supplementation significantly increased the molar concentration of total volatile fatty acid in the rumen fluid (p < .05). The ratio of acetate to propionate in the MA and HA groups was lower than that in the CON treatment (p < .05). Furthermore, AM supplementation significantly reduced methane (CH4 ) (p < .05) emissions. AM supplementation significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase. The MA group could significantly increase the activities of glutathione peroxidase and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Our results indicated that AM supplementation could affect the nutrient digestibility, CH4 emission, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves.
Direct and indirect effects of pollution on the foraging behaviour of forest passerines during the breeding season

Direct and indirect effects of acid deposition on the foraging behaviour of three forest passerine species, the Crested Tit (Parus cristatus), Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), and Coal Tit (P. ater), during the breeding season were studied. In two areas, one affected by pollution from a nearby coal-fired power station and the other unaffected by pollution, we measured needle density and arthropod availability on tree branches; both factors are recognised as affecting the foraging behaviour of forest birds. Tree-site use and movement patterns of birds searching for prey were also determined in both areas. Branch needle density was lower in the polluted area, as were densities of the main arthropod groups found on needled twigs (Homoptera and Aranae); however, the total abundance of arthropods did not differ between the areas, and some groups even seemed to increase slightly in abundance in the polluted area. Bird behaviour differed between zones in both tree-site use and foraging activities. The Coal Tit showed the greatest number of differences between the areas. The three species showed lower pecking and higher vigilance rates in the polluted area. Higher vigilance rates are interpreted as a response to a higher predation risk due to thinned canopies in polluted forests. The results are discussed in relation to speciesi breeding performance and ecology. It is concluded that, through increasing levels of stress, the indirect effects of pollution have a negative impact on bird foraging behaviour during the breeding season.
Harmonic minimization of a single-phase asymmetrical TCHB multilevel inverter based on nearest level control method

Multilevel inverters are gaining special interest among researchers and in the industry due to their widespread applications and numerous merits. Obtaining high quality, more reliable output while using a reduced number of electronic components is the main purpose of most of the research conducted in this area of study. The purpose of this study is to apply the nearest level control (NLC) method to a 13-level transistor-clamped H-bridge (TCHB) inverter with unequal DC voltage supplies. The NLC method operates at the fundamental frequency, thus reducing switching losses, and can reduce the harmonic content significantly. The adopted multilevel inverter consists of two TCHB cells supplied with two asymmetrical DC input sources with a voltage ratio of 1:2. This structure reduces the number of electronic components, and the asymmetry in the DC input voltages results in a higher number of levels. The adopted topology and its proposed control method were simulated in Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results were verified through experiments using an Altera field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The results showed that the topology and its control method are efficient in obtaining a high-quality output with an improved total harmonic distortion (THD).
AM fungal association in the Rhizosphere soil of some Pteridophytic plant species in Valparai Hills, Western Ghats of Tamilnadu, India

In the present study to investigate the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in the rhizosphere soil of some pteridophyte plant species. Soil samples were collected during the month of September 2013 from the surface to 30 cm depth and pH was analyzed. Rhizosphere soil root of 12 pteridophytic plant species belonging to 7 families were investigated. The result showed that the mycorrhizal populations, such as Glomus species were found dominate followed by Acaulospora, Sclerocystis, Entrophospora and Gigaspora. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere of Adiantum capillus-veneris (640.20 /100 g soil) belongs to the family Adiantaceae and the least spore population was observed in the Adiantum radianum (130.90 /100g of soil). The highest (81.36 %) AM fungal infection found in roots of Angiopteris evecta belongs to the family Angiopteridaceae. The lowest (21.11 %) AM fungal association was found in the root of Pteris biaurita belongs to the family Pteridaceae. In conclusion the AM fungi are associated with pteridophyte plants in naturally for beneficially both of them. AM fungal may be increase the yield of agricultural crops and soil fertility.
Effect of organic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and quality of potato

A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2003–04 and 2004–05 with potato cultivar K. Chipsona-2. The growth parameters and yield of potato was significantly influenced by the organic manures and chemical fertilizers. Maximum plant height (68.66 cm), number of haulms per hill (7.55), number of tubers per hill (8.33), weight of tuber per hill (626.66 g), dry matter content of tuber (26.30%), total soluble solids (5.03oB), specific gravity (0.975 g/cm3) and yield (245.60 g/ha) were recorded with the application of 100% recommended dose of NPK (160:100:120 kg/ha) + 10 t FYM followed by 100% of recommended dose of NPK alone. Maximum number and weight of A and B grade tubers were recorded in treatment T4 and T5, respectively. The highest net income as well as benefit: cost ratio (1:25) were obtained with the application of 100% NPK.
Screening and isolation of potent biosurfactant producing Bacillus subtilis CS14 from contaminated soil samples of Kanchipuram, India

A good biosurfactant must reduce the surface tension of the water from 72 to 35 milli-Neuton/meter (mN/m) and should show a surface activity of at least 37 mN/m. An extensive screening with 13 contaminated soils and one oil refinery sludge was carried out to isolate a potential strain. Totally 3662 colonies were obtained from all 14 contaminated soil samples over a period of three months from which 212 morphologically different colonies were tested for biosurfactant production and 22 positive strains were identified. All the isolates were tested quantitatively and the isolate CS14 showed maximum surface activity of 51.38 mN/m. Taxonomic identification of the biosurfactant producing strain CS14 was performed using 16s rDNA studies and was identified as Bacillus subtilis.