Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indian Sign Language Character Recognition

: Indian sign language (ISL) is one of the challenging topic as it is in rudimentary stage of its development, unlike American Sign Languages (ASL). This project aims at classification of Indian sign languages using machine learning models. There has been broad research on ASL and adequate data is available to analyse it. As, India is multi diverse country, there are severalregions and cultures which results in different variations of languages for communication. So, there are very limited standard data sets, which has variations and noises. ISL uses both hands to make gestures instead of one hand unlike ASL. It leads to occlusion of featuresand this is a major barrier for the lack of development in this field. This project aims at helping in then research of this field further by providing a data set of ISL. A data of sign language was created by us for alphabets and numeric. Later, the features will be extracted from the collected segmented data using image pre-processing and Bag of words model. Histograms are generated to map the alphabets with images. In the final step, these features will be fed to supervised models for the classification.
Drowsiness Detection Based on Eye Closure and Yawning Detection

The number of major road accidents that occur per day is on a rise and most of them are attributed to being the driver’s fault. According to the survey done in 2015, drivers are held responsible for approximately 78% of the accidents. To minimize the occurrence of these incidents a monitoring system that alerts the driver when he succumbs to sleep is proposed. This algorithm processes live video feed focused on the driver’s face and tracks his eye and mouth movements to detect eye closure and yawning rates. An alarm sounds if the driver is drowsy or already asleep. Haar-cascade classifiers run parallelly on the extracted facial features to detect eye closure and yawning.
Avaliação da Composição de Vários Alimentos e Determinação da Cinética Ruminal da Proteína, Utilizando o Método de Produção de Gás e Amônia in Vitro

Chemical determinations and kinetics studies of nitrogen compounds of 24 concentrate feedstuffs and 10 grasses were made using the concentrations of soluble nitrogen in TCA and gas production. It was used 200 mL of ruminal fluid and 800 mL of medium for 100 vessels. It was used 1.0 g of trypticase and 0.1 mL of microminerals solution to prepare 400 mL of medium. It was used 0.8 g of ammonium bicarbonate and 7 g of sodium bicarbonate to prepare 200 mL of buffer solution and, to prepare 200 mL of macromineral solution, 1.15 g of Na2HPO4 anhydrous, 1.25 g of KH2PO4 anhydrous and 0.1 g of MgSO4.7H2O were weighed. Reducing solution was prepared with 0.64 g of cysteine-HCL, 0.64 g of sodium sulfide and 4 mL of 1N NaOH. The disappearance of nitrogen compounds of feedstuffs was determined at 6 and 12 hours, where 1.875 mg of N was incubated with 0, 33, 67, 100 mg oh starch, 6 mL of medium, 4 mL of ruminal fluid-medium mixture and 0.1 mL of reducing solution using CO2. Data of degradation rates indicated that corn gluten feed, casein, dry grounded peanut grain, cassava rasp, sorghum silage with or without inoculum, corn silage and honeygrass showed the highest rates of protein degradation and the slowest degradation rates were obtained by sugar cane yeast, feather meal, fish meal, broiler litter using wood rind as adsorvent and signalgrass. Estimates of degradation rates of forage feedstuffs were higher than degradation rates estimated previously by an inhibitor method. It is recommended to use 12 hours for incubation of concentrate feedstuffs and 6 hours for grasses.
EFFECTS OF THERMOPHORESIS, VISCOUS DISSIPATION AND JOULE HEATING ON STEADY MHD HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FLOW OVER AN INCLINED RADIATIVE ISOTHERMAL PERMEABLE SURFACE WITH VARIABLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

A two-dimensional mathematical model is presented for the laminar heat and mass transfer of an electrically-conducting, viscous and Joule (Ohmic) heating fluid over an inclined radiate isothermal permeable surface in the presence of the variable thermal conductivity, thermophoresis and heat generation. The TalbotCheng-Scheffer-Willis formulation (1980) is used to introduce a thermophoretic coefficient into the concentration boundary layer equation. The governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential similarity equations, in a single independent variable . The resulting coupled nonlinear equations are solved under appropriate transformed boundary conditions using the Runge-Kutta fourth order along with shooting method. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and the results are found to be in very good agreement. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters, viz., magnetic field parameter, thermophoretic coefficient (a function of Knudsen number), Eckert number (viscous heating effect), angle of inclination, thermal conductivity parameter, heat generation parameter and Schmidt number. The present problem finds applications in optical fiber fabrication, aerosol filter precipitators, particle deposition on hydronautical blades, semiconductor wafer design, thermo-electronics and magnetohydrodynamic energy generators.
Impact of Culture on Business Negotiation: A Study of Chinese Firms in Nigeria

In today's global business environment, cross-cultural negotiation has become a popular area of study. Therefore, understanding cultural dimensions of foreign business executives is one of the most important aspects of being successful in any international business attempt. This study investigates how culture influences negotiation styles used by Chinese firms in Nigeria. Primary data was collected by means of a well-structured questionnaire and the data collected were collated and analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The study had a sample size of 126 respondents from a targeted population comprising of Chinese business executives of which, only 120 respondents returned the questionnaires dispatched. Correlation analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient, while one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were employed to investigate the variations observed. Based on Hofstede’s cultural dimension index, results showed that the culture profile of the Chinese respondents exhibited high power distance (PDI-74), low uncertainty avoidance (UAI-39), masculinity (MAS-60), and collectivism (IDV-32). The results also proved that, power distance and uncertainty avoidance influenced choice of negotiation style, while masculinity and collectivism did not affect negotiation style. The findings of this study suggests the need to build guanxi with Chinese negotiators, as a tool for building trust and recommended that Nigerian companies looking to attain success in working with Chinese firms should ensure management and employees have a sound knowledge of their counterpart’s cultural background, if they want to avoid conflicts and misunderstanding of each other at the negotiating table. The findings of this study will help both Chinese and Nigerian business executives to achieve successful negotiations.
Systemic Catabolism of Alzheimer's Aβ40 and Aβ42*

To better understand the physiologic excretion and/or catabolism of circulating peripheral amyloid β (Aβ), we labeled human Aβ40 (monomeric, with predominant unordered structure) and Aβ42 (mixture of monomers and oligomers in ∼50:50 ratio, rich in β-sheet conformation) with either Na125I or 125I-tyramine cellobiose, also known as the cell-trapping ligand procedure, testing their blood clearance and organ uptake in B6SJLF1/J mice. Irrespective of the labeling protocol, the peptide conformation, and the degree of oligomerization, both Aβ40 and Aβ42 showed a short half-life of 2.5–3.0 min. The liver was the major organ responsible for plasma clearance, accounting for >60% of the peptide uptake, followed by the kidney. In vivo, hepatocytes captured >90% of the radiolabeled peptides which, after endocytosis, were preferentially catabolized and excreted into the bile. Biliary excretion of intact as well as partially degraded Aβ species became obviously relevant at doses above 10 μg. The use of biotin-labeled Aβ allowed the visualization of the interaction with HepG2 cells in culture, whereas competitive inhibition experiments with unlabeled Aβ demonstrated the specificity of the binding. The capability of the liver to uptake, catabolize, and excrete large doses of Aβ, several orders of magnitude above its physiologic concentration, may explain not only the femtomolar plasma levels of Aβ but the little fluctuation observed with age and disease stages.
Modeling of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals in Wet H2S containing Environments

Governing equations for elastic-plastic material describing the damage accumulation and failure under hydrogen embrittlement (HE) conditions are presented. Scalar damage parameter and damage evolution equation are proposed. The proposed governing equations describe such features of HE as threshold stress, below which no failure occurs; the change of failure surface mode during HE; the delayed behavior of failure, the existence of threshold stress intensity factor, etc. The determination of material constants from available experimental data is proposed. Key-Words: hydrogen embrittlement, damage, metals, tensile strength, delayed fracture
Carbon storage of microbes and roots and the flux of CO2 across a moisture gradient

Living root biomass (tree roots 2 mm, tree roots >2 mm, and dwarf shrub roots), dead root biomass, microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), and soil surface CO2 flux were investigated in a northern boreal mixed forest. Three study sites were established along a 100-m gradient with differing moisture and soil texture. The amount of total root biomass did not differ across the moisture gradient. The amount of living root biomass averaged 1.46 kg·m-2, and 1.04 kg·m-2 was found as dead roots. Half of living root biomass was fine roots (diameter 2 mm), and of this fraction, 75% was fine roots of trees. The total amount of Cmic was lower on the dry site (78.5 g C·m-2) compared with the intermediate and mesic sites (95.3 g C·m-2). The Cmic to organic C ratio was 1.4% in the L+F+H horizon, and the ratio increased with increasing depth to 4.1% in the C horizon, which indicated that microbes in the deeper soil horizons decomposed recently deposited root litter or exudates. The storage of carbon in fine roots was four times.
The Decline of the Steller Sea Lion in the Northeast Pacific: Demography, Harvest or Environment?

When apparent declines in population numbers are observed, biologists are confronted with the challenge of determining if such behavior conforms to the expected dynamics of the population or if, on the contrary, the decline reflects some pathological change in the environment that requires management actions. Experimental investigations are often impractical for large free-ranging populations such as fish or large mammals. Consequently, biologists need to get the best possible answer from the limited data available. In this paper we combine deterministic and stochastic modeling, together with statistical estimation techniques, to explore the likelihood of various hypotheses for the decline of Steller sea lions in the North Pacific. Our results show that deterministic transient popu- lation behavior, historical pup harvesting, and short-term environmental stochasticity are unlikely causes for the decline. The elimination of these alternatives leads us to agree with previous authors, who suggest that some long-term change in the environment or a novel catastrophe is responsible for the decline.
A Novel Cryptographic Method for Information security with Low Computational Cost

: Encryption and decryption techniques are gaining importance in the cryptographic system.In this context a new encrypting and decrypting technique have been designed to secure the plain text over the internet and preventing all the prone attacks like man in middle attack and other vulnerable threats. It is actually encrypting and decrypting the text with the special characters and symbols along with the variations in mapping that makes it impossible for the intruder to breach the ethics of security like confidentiality,availability, integrity, Denial of Service. This paper also highlights the strengths and drawbacks of the designed system.
A PRELIMINARY BIODIVERSITY SURVEY IN THREE SHIPWRECKS IN THE DARDANELLES (MARMARA SEA, TURKEY)

In this study macro aquatic biota inhabiting on three different shipwrecks in the Çanakkale Strait were investigated during the winter of 2010-2011 and the summer of 2014-2015 (Nov. 2010-Sep 2015). One of the shipwrecks is strongly dominated by gorgonian corals while others had only a variety of algae and fish; 5 anthozoans, 2 echinoderm, 1 tunicate, 33 fish and 31 macroalgae species were determined. Visual census techniques were used for evaluation of fish assemblages around the sites. Based on faunal characteristics, the shipwrecks could be classified as three different groups.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

Bladder cancer is widely studied for its association with cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Nicotine and carcinogenic substances in CS could induce chronic inflammatory state and DNA damage. This research was aimed to investigate the effect of CS exposure in chronic inflammatory state and p53 expression in bladder epithelial of Wistar rats. 25 male Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into five groups as follows: Control (without treatment); CS-1, CS-2, CS-4, and CS-8 (treated with CS 1x, 2x, 4x, and 8x/day, respectively). Each exposure was done for 15 minutes for 60 days. Chronic inflammatory score was calculated from HE-stained specimens and Immunohistochemistry method was applied to measure p53 expression. Results showed that lymphocyte and histiocyte count in CS-8 was significantly higher as compared to CS-1 (p<0.05) and control (p<0.05). Lymphocyte and histiocyte count in CS-4 was also significantly higher compared to non-treated group (p<0.05). Chronic inflammatory score was significantly higher in CS-8 compared to other group (p<0.05). Moreover, p53 expression was found in CS-8 group (2 of 5 subjects had positive p53 expression, 20 positive cells in from total 10 hpf) and significantly different with other groups (p=0.011). Correlation study showed significant correlation between frequency of cigarette smoking exposure and lymphocyte count (p=0.000; r=0.956); monocyte count (p=0.000; r=0.928); chronic inflammation score (p=0.000; r=0.928); and p53 expression (p=0.007; r=0.522). We concluded that there was significant differences in chronic inflammation state and p53 expression among groups. Correlation study showed that frequency of cigarette smoking exposure was positively correlated with chronic inflammation and p53 expression.
The Problem of Sexual Harassment in Selected Organizations in Delta State: The Way Forward for Professional Counselors

Women who have been harassed often change their jobs, career goals, job assignments, educational programs or academic majors. In addition, women have reported psychological reactions such as depression, anxiety, shock, denial, anger, fear, frustration, irritability, insecurity, embarrassment, feelings of betrayal, confusion, feelings of being powerless, shame, self-consciousness, low self-esteem guilt, selfblame, isolation due to harassment and psychological reactions such as headaches, lethargy, gastrointestinal distress, dermatological reactions, weight fluctuations, sleep disturbances, nightmares, phobias, panic reactions, sexual problems, also some careerrelated effects such as decreased job satisfaction, un favourable performance evaluations, loss of job or promotions, drop in academic or work performance due to stress, absenteeism withdrawal from work or school, change in career goals. These reactions and effects are not healthy for a country like Nigeria that is building her economy to me i4 with developed nations.
A SINGLE-STAGE PEDESTRIAN DETECTOR BASED ON SSD WITH MULTI-SCALE FEATURE EXTRACTION AND RESIDUAL BLOCK

Pedestrian detection is a key problem in many intelligent transport systems. In driving environment, apart from the detection accuracy, the inference speed is also a large concern. Although popular two-stage object detectors such as Faster R-CNN have achieved significant improvements in pedestrian detection accuracy, it is still slow for real-time pedestrian detection in driving environment. On the other hand, popular one-stage object detectors such as SSD have not achieved competitive detection accuracy on pedestrian detection benchmarks. This paper proposes a one-stage detector for real-time pedestrian detection in driving environment. The proposed approach is based on popular SSD framework. To improve the detection accuracy, the backbone network in original SSD framework is replaced by the backbone sub-network based on DenseNets structure, which includes stem module, dense blocks, and transition layers. With dense connection in DenseNet architecture, the proposed approach can achieve higher accuracy with fewer parameters compared with ResNet architecture. In the detection sub-network, enhanced feature extraction subnet takes convolution layers generated by the backbone sub-network to generate enhanced feature maps by fusing operation, atrous convolution and deconvolution operation. Enhanced feature maps can enhance the detection performance of multi-scale pedestrian detection. In addition, residual blocks are added before each prediction layer to reduce the computational cost and improve the detection accuracy. Experimental results on Caltech and CityPersons dataset show that the proposed approach achieves better accuracy compared with popular two-stage detectors while being faster.
Autonomous Driving in a Multi-Lane Highway Environment

Our goal through this paper is to figure out if it is possible to create an autonomous driving environment with a self-governing car with the help of a Q learning algorithm, a variant of Reinforcement Learning. To prepare and test-driving calculations, we convey a reproduced traffic framework simulation. We plan to split the environment around the agent vehicle into 16 states. The Q learning algorithms calculations, which are based on the Bellman’s Equations, will help quantify the quality of each state, helping the agent make the right decisions in the environment to avoid collisions. The World health organization reports highlight that in 2019 there have been over 5 million reported road accidents with approximately 1.5 million causalities and an increase of 167% in road accidents over the last 15 years. Through this paper, we want to push the envelope concerning creating a more secure driving environment and help avoid unfortunate accidents and loss of lives.
Small, specialised and highly mobile? The tree-hole breeding frog, Phrynobatrachus guineensis, lacks fine-scale population structure

Abstract Data on population dynamics and distribution are of primary interest to biologists because they reveal information about the species' ecology and evolution and are thus essential for conservation efforts. Patchily distributed species are especially interesting for conservation studies, because of their sometimes very specific environmental requirements. An example of a highly specialised species is the leaf litter frog Phrynobatrachus guineensis. This small species (<20 mm) is short lived, presumably weakly mobile and highly specialised because it uses tree-holes and other small water-filled cavities with very particular abiotic and biotic characteristics for breeding. Previous field studies revealed that P. guineensis exhibited a clumped distribution in Taï National Park (TNP), Ivory Coast, suggesting that the park's population might be subdivided into several (sub)populations. We therefore investigated the population genetic structure of the park using four microsatellite loci, which are the first described microsatellite markers for any African anuran in general and for a species of the family Phrynobatrachidae in particular. In contrast to our expectations, we detected only a slightly significant genetic differentiation based on allele frequencies. We found no correlation between the geographic and genetic distances (isolation by distance) and Bayesian clustering revealed no genetic substructure. We did, however, detect small but significant genetic differentiation between subsequent seasons. The most probable explanation for the lack of population structure is that P. guineensis is more mobile than expected. Adults, most likely females but possibly also juveniles, are able to traverse matrix habitats in which no breeding activities were detected. The temporal genetic differentiation may be the consequence of genetic drift due to high mortality rates and/or non-random mating. Both explanations would be consistent with our field data.
SENSORLESS STATOR FIELD ORIENTED-DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL WITH SVM FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

end goal to diminish framework's cost and to enhance its unwavering quality [9]. A few works have been proposed for the reproduction of transition and rotor speed [10] [11]. The model reference versatile framework technique is broadly connected because of its effortlessness. Different MRAS structures have been displayed in writing [11] [12]. The rotor motion MRAS [13] is the most utilized among MRAS systems. This work shows an alternate MRAS estimator in view of stator motion demonstrates. The stator motion MRAS (SFMRAS) is more reasonable for stator documented situated SVM-DTC control outline. It stays away from the rotor motion estimation step which picks up a reducer spectator intricacy. Existing System: The space vector modulation (SVM) technique has been examined in writing to replaces the exchanging table by for voltage vector determination. By safeguarding a steady switching frequency, it can lessen fundamentally the motion and torque ripples. In this specific situation, the SFOC based SVM-DTC will take our enthusiasm for this paper Sadly, the utilization of PI controllers requires a particular information of control framework displaying. Besides, PI controllers have a restricted execution while the nearness of unsettling influences and vulnerabilities and the determination of