Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of size distribution on burn rate in nanocomposite thermites: a probability density function study

Burn rates of thermites are typically calculated in terms of an average particle size that characterizes the bulk mixture. As the particle diameter approaches the nano-scale the burn rate calculation becomes increasingly sensitive to changes in the particle diameter. In this study, burn rate estimates for nanoscale particle composite thermites are statistically evaluated in terms of an integral that employs a probability density function (pdf) for particle size distribution and a diameter dependent burn rate equation. It is shown that the burn rates depend sensitively on the mean particle diameter and the particle size distribution. Both single mode and bimodal particle size distributions were studied. The analysis shows that as the particle size is reduced to the nano-scale, the size distribution, rather than the average particle size alone, becomes increasingly important. Large variability in burn rate is associated with large standard deviations in particle size. Combining nano-scale with bulk-scale particles in a bimodal distribution does not significantly increase the burn rate as compared to a composite consisting of strictly nanoparticles. The results presented here suggest that better reproducibility of the burn rate may be achieved experimentally by selecting a material with a narrow particle size distribution.
Mobility of Iron and Manganese within Two Citrus Genotypes after Foliar Applications of Iron Sulfate and Manganese Sulfate

ABSTRACT Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis L. cv. Washington navel x Poncirus trifoliata)] were grown in plastic pots containing a sand: perlite mixture and watered with a modified Hoagland No 2 nutrient solution throughout the experiment. Three-months-old plants were divided in three groups and sprayed with 0.018 M iron sulfate (FeSO4 .7H2O), 0.018 M manganese sulfate (MnSO4 .H2O), or deionized water. Two months later, plants were harvested and divided into top leaves that grown after the treatments, basal leaves that existed prior to the treatments, stems that partially came in contact with the spray, and roots. The manganese (Mn) spray resulted in a significant increase of Mn concentrations in top leaves, basal leaves, stems and roots of sour orange, and in top leaves, basal leaves, and stems of Carrizo citrange. The iron (Fe) spray significantly increased the concentrations of Fe in the stems and basal leaves of both genotypes. For both genotypes, transport of Mn from basal (sprayed) leaves to top (unsprayed) ones was found. However, the results of this experiment did not give any evidence neither for Mn translocation from sprayed tissues to roots nor for Fe transport from sprayed tissues to unsprayed ones (top leaves, roots). Mn and Fe were found to be relatively mobile and strictly immobile nutrients, respectively, within citrus plants after their foliar application as sulfate salts.
Adsorption Kinetics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions onto Palygorskite

Abstract The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on purified palygorskite was investigated. The kinetics data related to the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions are in good agreement with the pseudo‐second order equation in ranges of initial concentration of 120–210 mg/L, oscillation speed of 100–200 r/min and temperature of 298–328K. The experimental results show that methylene blue is only adsorbed onto the external surface of purified palygorskite, and the apparent adsorption activation energy is 13.92 kJ/mol. The relatively low apparent adsorption activation energy suggests that the adsorption of methylene blue involves in not only a chemical, but also a physical adsorption process, and it is controlled by the combination of chemical adsorption and liquid‐film diffusion.
VALIDATION OF THE SIFT TECHNIQUE FOR TRACE GAS ANALYSIS OF BREATH USING THE SYRINGE INJECTION TECHNIQUE

The selected ion flow tube (SIFT) is a technique originally developed for the determination of rate coefficients for gas phase reactions. Recently the SIFT has been applied to the detection of trace gases in air and breath. The SIFT method is capable of determining absolute partial pressures of trace gases in air without the need for calibration. However, it is necessary to show that SIFT determinations are of acceptable accuracy. This study reports the findings of a validation study in which eight trace gases in air, in the concentration range of 100 ppb-30 ppm, were simultaneously detected and quantified. In addition, the results of the measurement of the partial pressure of perchloroethylene (C2Cl4) on the breath of a volunteer some 16 h after a controlled exposure are reported. This study demonstrates that several gases in breath can be rapidly quantified from just a single exhalation.
High-efficiency graphene/Si nanoarray Schottky junction solar cells via surface modification and graphene doping

The current Si-based photovoltaic devices require high-quality raw materials and intricate processing techniques to construct complex device structures; further improvement in efficiency and a drastic decrease in cost are thus highly desired to promote their extensive applications. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive study on high-efficiency graphene/Si nanoarray Schottky junction solar cells. Besides the Si nanowire (SiNW) array, a Si nanohole (SiNH) array was first used for the device construction since it showed the advantages in terms of larger effective junction area while enhanced light absorption is retained. It was found that surface charge recombination as well as graphene conductivity and work function played important roles in determining the solar cell performance. By suppressing the surface recombination with appropriate surface passivation, together with the careful control of the graphene layer number and the doping level, we found that the device performance can be significantly improved. Eventually, by inserting a thin conducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron blocking layer between Si nanoarrays and graphene films, maximum power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 8.71% and 10.30% were demonstrated for the devices based on SiNW and SiNH arrays, respectively, as a result of reduced carrier recombination in the anode. The PCEs demonstrated in this work are the highest values achieved thus far for the graphene/Si nanoarray solar cells. The present results suggest great potential of the graphene/Si nanoarrays as high-efficiency and low-cost photovoltaic devices.
MODULAR MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSES OF FIBONACCI NUMBERS

Let Fn, n ∈ N be the n− th Fibonacci number, and let (p, q) be one of ordered pairs (Fn+2, Fn) or (Fn+1, Fn). Then we show that the multiplicative inverse of q mod p as well as that of p mod q are again Fibonacci numbers. For proof of our claim we make use of well-known Cassini, Catlan and dOcagne identities. As an application, we determine the number Np,q of nonzero term of a polynomial ∆p,q(t) = (t−1)(t−1) (tp−1)(tq−1) through the Carlitz’s formula.
SplitZNS: Towards an Efficient LSM-Tree on Zoned Namespace SSDs

The Zoned Namespace (ZNS) Solid State Drive (SSD) is a nascent form of storage device that offers novel prospects for the Log Structured Merge Tree (LSM-tree). ZNS exposes erase blocks in SSD as append-only zones, enabling the LSM-tree to gain awareness of the physical layout of data. Nevertheless, LSM-tree on ZNS SSDs necessitates Garbage Collection (GC) owing to the mismatch between the gigantic zones and relatively small Sorted String Tables (SSTables). Through extensive experiments, we observe that a smaller zone size can reduce data migration in GC at the cost of a significant performance decline owing to inadequate parallelism exploitation. In this article, we present SplitZNS, which introduces small zones by tweaking the zone-to-chip mapping to maximize GC efficiency for LSM-tree on ZNS SSDs. Following the multi-level peculiarity of LSM-tree and the inherent parallel architecture of ZNS SSDs, we propose a number of techniques to leverage and accelerate small zones to alleviate the performance impact due to underutilized parallelism. (1) First, we use small zones selectively to prevent exacerbating write slowdowns and stalls due to their suboptimal performance. (2) Second, to enhance parallelism utilization, we propose SubZone Ring, which employs a per-chip FIFO buffer to imitate a large zone writing style; (3) Read Prefetcher, which prefetches data concurrently through multiple chips during compactions; (4) and Read Scheduler, which assigns query requests the highest priority. We build a prototype integrated with SplitZNS to validate its efficiency and efficacy. Experimental results demonstrate that SplitZNS achieves up to 2.77× performance and reduces data migration considerably compared to the lifetime-based data placement.1
Local Quenching Due to Flame Stretch and Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion

Abstract A turbulent non-premixed burning mixture is considered at a state close to extinction. The turbulent flame is conceived as an ensemble of thin laminar diffusion flamelets that are highly distorted and stretched such that they may be quenched locally. The structure of the laminar diffusion flamelets is analysed in the limit of a large activation energy and the results of Linan's analysis of counterflow diffusion flames are used to derive the quenching condition. This condition is expressed by an instantaneous scalar dissipation rate. Statistics of the scalar dissipation rate are discussed on the basis of Kolmogoroff's third hypothesis. Extinction condition of the whole turbulent flame are derived on the basis of the percolation theory.
Metal‐dielectric nanostructures for amplified Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy

Metal-dielectric nanostructures are synthesized optimizing their capabilities of enhancing Raman scattering and fluorescence emission. Silver nanoparticles with controlled average size and morphology are obtained by dipping porous silicon (p-Si) specimens in silver nitrate acqueous solutions. The effects of silvered p-Si in enhancing Raman Scattering were investigated usinga cyanine dye showing detectable concentration as low as 10-8M. In order to obtain photoluminescence enhancement, silvered p-Si samples are coated by ultrathin films of amorphous silicon nitride. The analysis of metal-dielectric nanostructures show an energy red-shift of the Surface Plasmon resonances connected to the changes of the dielectrics surrounding the metal particles. In particular, the thickness of such a coating can be tuned in order to enhance the fluorescence emission (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved Stability of Anaerobic Digestion through the Use of Selective Acidogenic Culture

AbstractAccumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under overloading conditions in anaerobic reactors is a common problem. There is a need to stop this accumulation to improve reactor stability. In this study, propionate-, butyrate-, and acetate-degrading cultures were enriched and used as inocula in a mesophilic two-stage reactor to improve system stability. The performance of a test reactor was compared with that of a control reactor that was not seeded with specific VFA-degrading inocula under normal and overloading conditions. The reactors were fed with simulated wastewater having a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 10,000 mg L−1. The test reactor inoculated with VFA-degrading cultures showed better performance in terms of methane production, COD removal, and VFA degradation. Also, after two consecutive organic shocks (influent COD 20,000 mg L−1) the test reactor recovered within four days and low levels of VFAs, especially propionate (429 mg L−1), were observed. In contrast, in the control reactor.
Proximity and heating effects during electron-beam patterning of ultraviolet lithography masks

Proximity effects and resist heating during high energy electron-beam (e-beam) patterning of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask were investigated for the 50 nm node and beyond. These effects were observed experimentally on both silicon wafers and standard 6025 photomasks coated with two different EUVL absorber stacks. Monte Carlo and resist simulations were used for proximity effect correction and resist heating effect verification. The estimated temperature change during electron-beam writing was also attempted using the finite element method.
ESTIMATION OF HAIR ARSENIC AND STATISTICAL NATURE OF ARSENICOSIS IN HIGHLY ARSENIC EXPOSED BANGLISH VILLAGE IN COMILLA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH

This study was carried out to investigate biological and statistical nature of arsenicosis risks on a severely arsenic (As) affected population in the Banglish village in Comilla district of Bangladesh. Subject's hair As and vegetables As levels were estimated by PIXE method, and arsenicosis status of the subject was examined by a physician. Arsenicosis was found in 45% female and 61% male subjects. Arsenic levels > 0.50 ppm showed greater arsenicosis risks that significantly varied with subject's sex and age. Unlike children, young (≥10 years) to middle aged (~49 years) population were significantly affected by arsenicosis. Logistic regression model analysis showed that arsenicosis risks are not only the devastating toxicity of As accumulation in human body through ingestion of contaminated drinking water, but the summation of all sources of As accumulation. Human hair As levels were found as the biomarker ranging from 0.03-8.3 μg/g in stage I arsenicosis patients, and from 1.1-56.9 ppm in the stage II patients up to 49 age. Hair As level was declined to 2.2-25.5 ppm at > 49 aged population. The findings inferred that groundwater As affecting the public health through contaminating total environment, that in turn posing an alarming situation in the study area.
A dynamic model of lexical experience for tracking of oral reading fluency

We present research aimed at solving a problem in assessment of oral reading fluency using children’s oral reading data from our online book reading app. It is known that properties of the passage being read aloud impact fluency estimates; therefore, passage-based measures are used to remove passage-related variance when estimating growth in oral reading fluency. However, passage-based measures reported in the literature tend to treat passages as independent events, without explicitly modeling accumulation of lexical experience as one reads through a book. We propose such a model and show that it helps explain additional variance in the measurements of children’s fluency as they read through a book, improving over a strong baseline. These results have implications for measuring growth in oral reading fluency.
Pathology Dynamics at BioLaySumm: the trade-off between Readability, Relevance, and Factuality in Lay Summarization

Lay summarization aims to simplify complex scientific information for non-expert audiences. This paper investigates the trade-off between readability and relevance in the lay summarization of long biomedical documents. We introduce a two-stage framework that attains the best readability metrics in the first subtask of BioLaySumm 2023, with 8.924 FleschKincaid Grade Level and 9.188 DaleChall Readability Score. However, this comes at the cost of reduced relevance and factuality, emphasizing the inherent challenges of balancing readability and content preservation in lay summarization. The first stage generates summaries using a large language model, such as BART with LSG attention. The second stage uses a zero-shot sentence simplification method to improve the readability of the summaries. In the second subtask, a hybrid dataset is employed to train a model capable of generating both lay summaries and abstracts. This approach achieves the best readability score and shares the top overall rank with other leading methods. Our study underscores the importance of developing effective methods for creating accessible lay summaries while maintaining information integrity. Future work will integrate simplification and summary generation within a joint optimization framework that generates high-quality lay summaries that effectively communicate scientific content to a broader audience.
Interaction Between β-CD-CTAB and Oil Phase Molecules in a Hydrocarbon Reservoir

On the basic of preparing β-CD-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), studying its formation and action of oil phase molecules with analysis means by using infrared spectrometer, full-automatic interfacial tensiometer, and composite flooding test devices. The results of experiment indicated that the changing of infrared spectrometer confirmed the existence of inclusion complex between β-cyclodextrin and CTAB, and the mole ratio was 1.15:1 at normal temperature. The oil phase molecules had ability to identify β-cyclodextrin of solution, it could displace CTAB out of β-CD-CTAB, changed it into ionized molecules again. It improved oil displacement efficiency significantly by using CTAB in simulated flooding experiment.
Caractérisation physico-chimique et étude du frittage d'une argile destinée à l'élaboration de membranes de filtration tangentielle

Les procedes de filtration tangentielle sont actuellement reconnus comme des techniques de separation de haute performance depuis le laboratoire jusqu'a la production industrielle. le cur de ces techniques est la membrane. Le present travail a pour objectif de mettre au point des membranes en argile a bas prix de revient. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de comprendre le comportement de l'argile vis-a-vis des cycles thermiques imposes et de conclure que les membranes argileuses peuvent etre utilisees en microfiltration et support en ultrafiltration tangentielle.
Indeterminate Likert Scale for the Analysis of the Incidence of the Organic Administrative Code in the current Ecuadorian Legislation

In this investigation, we make use of the indeterminate Likert scale to analyze the results of a survey applied to legal professionals in the province of Tulcán, Ecuador, on the incidence of the Administrative Organic Code in the current legal system. With the use of this scale, we sought the possibility that the surveyed professionals would express their degree of acceptance, indetermination, and non-acceptance of this code. The results we obtained showed positive levels of acceptance, especially among public employees of the Decentralized Autonomous Governments, but also significant values of indetermination or neutrality.
jelenasteam at SemEval-2023 Task 9: Quantification of Intimacy in Multilingual Tweets using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Comparative Study on the MINT Dataset

Intimacy is one of the fundamental aspects of our social life. It relates to intimate interactions with others, often including verbal self-disclosure. In this paper, we researched machine learning algorithms for quantification of the intimacy in the tweets. A new multilingual textual intimacy dataset named MINT was used. It contains tweets in 10 languages, including English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Chinese in both training and test datasets, and Dutch, Korean, Hindi, and Arabic in test data only. In the first experiment, linear regression models combine with the features and word embedding, and XLM-T deep learning model were compared. In the second experiment, cross-lingual learning between languanges was tested. In the third experiments, data was clustered using K-means. The results indicate that XLM-T pre-trained embedding might be a good choice for an unsupervised learning algorithm for intimacy detection.
Determination of Dicofol in Various Environmental Samples by Spectrophotometric Method Using Chromogenic Reagent

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of dicofol in subparts per million levels is described, which is based on Fujiwara reaction. Dicofol on alkaline hydrolysis gives chloroform, which reacts with pyridine to produce red color. The color is discharged by addition of glacial acetic acid. The glutaconic aldehyde formed reacts with 4-aminoacetanilide to gave an orange-red dye which is extractable in 3-methyl-1-butanol. The extracted dye shows absorption maximum at 525 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.025–0.25 μg mL−1. Important analytical parameters such as time, temperature, reagent concentration, acidity etc. have been optimized for complete color reaction. Sandell's sensitivity and molar absorptivity for the system were found to be 0.000343 μg cm−2 and 1.077 × 106 L mol−1cm−1, respectively. The proposed method is satisfactorily applied to microlevel determination of dicofol in various environmental samples.
New polymethylene-based AB2 star copolymers synthesized via a combination of polyhomologation of ylides and atom transfer radical polymerization

New polymethylene-based AB2 star polymers with well-defined architecture and various components were synthesized using a combination of polyhomologation of ylides and atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The chain structures of polymethylene-b-(polystyrene)2 (PM-b-(PS)2) and polymethylene-b-(poly(methyl methacrylate))2 (PM-b-(PMMA)2) were characterized through 1H NMR, GPC and FT-IR. The porous films of such star copolymers were fabricated via a static breath-figure (BF) process. The influence of polymer molecular weight, solution concentration and environmental temperature on the morphology of such block copolymer films was investigated. The porous surface of such a film presents hydrophobic behaviour with a static water-droplet contact angle of ca. 108°. The electrospinning of PM-b-(PS)2 was performed using CHCl3 as a solvent and the wrinkle-like polymer particles with nanopores on their surface were obtained.
A Sensitive Isotope Selective Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometer for 13CO2 and 12CO2 Concentration Measurements in Breath Samples

Abstract We present a nondispersive infrared spectrometer (NDIRS) for the measurement of the 13CO2/12CO2-ratio in breath samples. A commercial NDIR spectrometer for CO2 concentration measurements in industrial process control was modified using two separate optical channels for the 13CO2 and 12CO2 detection. Cross interference due to overlapping absorption lines of both isotopic gases was successfully eliminated. The sensitivity of this device is ± 0.4‰ of the 13CO2/12CO2-ratio in a range of 2.5 to 5% of total CO2. This is sufficient for biomedical applications. Our spectrometer is small in size, cheap and simple to operate and thus a true alternative to isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS). Several biomedical applications with breath samples were demonstrated and were compared in very good agreement with IRMS.
SYNTHESIS OF POLYANILINE NANOSTRUCTURES VIA REVERSE MICROEMULSION TECHNIQUE

Reverse microemulsion polymerization route has been demonstrated to control the PANI nanomorphologies using CTAB (Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and Triton X‐100 as surfactants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis confirms the formation of Polyaniline nanostructures. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveals the formation of nanofibers (20 nm) and nanospheres (10 nm) obtained from reverse microemulsion based on CTAB and Triton X‐100, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the higher thermal stability of both the nanostructures. Conductivity of nanofibers and nanospheres has been found to be 4.68 × 10−1 and 2.08 × 10−2 Scm−1, respectively, at room temperature. A plausible mechanism for the formation of both the morphologies, i.e. nanofibers and nanospheres, has also been proposed.