Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embrittlement Within Viscous Shear Zones Across the Base of the Subduction Thrust Seismogenic Zone

Geophysical observations indicate that patches of localized fracturing occur within otherwise viscous regions of subduction plate boundaries. These observations place uncertainty on the possible down‐dip extent of the seismogenic zone, and as a result the maximum magnitude of subduction thrust earthquakes. However, the processes controlling where and how localized fracturing occurs within otherwise viscous shear zones are unclear. We examined three exposures of exhumed plate boundary on Kyushu, Japan, which contain subducted sediments and hydrated oceanic crust deformed at ∼300 to ∼500°C. These exposures preserve subduction‐related viscous deformation, which in two of the studied exposures has a mutually overprinting relationship with quartz veins, indicating localized cyclical embrittlement. Where observed, fractures are commonly near lithological contacts that form viscosity contrasts. Mineral equilibrium calculations for a metabasalt composition indicate that exposures showing cyclical embrittlement deformed at pressure‐temperature conditions near dehydration reactions that consume prehnite and chlorite. In contrast, dominantly viscous deformation occurred at intervening pressure‐temperature conditions. We infer that at conditions close to metamorphic dehydration reactions, only small stress perturbations are required for transient embrittlement, driven by localized dehydration reactions reducing effective stress, and/or locally increased shear stresses along rheological contrasts. Our results show that the protolith composition of the subducting oceanic lithosphere controls the locations and magnitudes of dehydration reactions, and the viscosity of metamorphosed oceanic crust. Therefore, compositional variations might drive substantial variations in slip style.
The association between COVID-19 anxiety levels and tobacco use among patients within a smoking cessation polyclinic

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety level of smokers and the relationship between smoking behavior and COVID-19 anxiety level. METHODS Our study was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A 32-question face-to-face questionnaire containing the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was administered to 349 patients who had applied to the smoking cessation polyclinic between 15 May 2021 and 1 August 2021. SPSS 25.00 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 349 individuals participated in the study. The mean CAS and FTND total scores were 0.89±2.13 (range: 0–20) and 6.34±2.53 (range: 0–10), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between CAS total score and gender (p=0.005), marital status (p=0.006), changes in the amount of smoking during the pandemic (p=0.011), and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking cessation (p<0.001). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking cessation was statistically significantly different between knowing that the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions due to COVID-19 infection is higher in smokers, smokers are heavily infected with COVID-19 and the mortality rate due to COVID-19 infection is higher in smokers (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic may cause a change in the amount of smoking and the decision to quit smoking. Healthcare professionals should transform COVID-19 anxiety into an opportunity to improve health and quit smoking, one of the healthy behaviors.
Mathematical Modeling Reveals That Sucrose Regulates Leaf Senescence via Dynamic Sugar Signaling Pathways

Sucrose (Suc) accumulation is one of the key indicators of leaf senescence onset, but little is known about its regulatory role. Here, we found that application of high (120–150 mM) and low levels (60 mM) of Suc to young leaf (YL) and fully expanded leaf (FEL) discs, respectively, decreased chlorophyll content and maximum photosynthetic efficiency. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels increased at high Suc concentrations (90–120 mM in YL and 60 and 150 mM in FEL discs). In FEL discs, the senescence-associated gene NtSAG12 showed a gradual increase in expression with increased Suc application; in contrast, in YL discs, NtSAG12 was upregulated with low Suc treatment (60 mM) but downregulated at higher levels of Suc. In YL discs, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) accumulated at a low half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of Suc (1.765 mM). However, T6P levels declined as trehalose 6 phosphate synthase (TPS) content decreased, resulting in the maximum velocity of sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) and hexokinase (HXK) occurring at higher level of Suc. We therefore speculated that senescence was induced by hexose accumulation. In FEL discs, the EC50 of T6P occurred at a low concentration of Suc (0.9488 mM); T6P levels progressively increased with higher TPS content, which inhibited SnRK activity with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.001475 U/g. This confirmed that the T6P–SnRK complex induced senescence in detached FEL discs.
Meander-Line and Hybrid Meander-Line Transformers

The application of meander lines to impedance transformers is described. Meander-line transformers have less bandwidth than stepped-impedance transformers for a given passband VSWR, but can have greatly superior shape factors in stripline and microwave-integrated-circuit (MIC) realizations. Hybrid meander-line transformers allow circuit designers greatly increased flexibility in choosing transformer shape factors, while allowing (basically) the same electrical performance as with either stepped-impedance or meander-line transformers. Experimental confirmations of a trial three-turn meander-line transformer and a fourth-order hybrid meander-line transformer are presented. A comprehensive design table of nearly equal-ripple meander-line transformers of from two to six turns, incorporating a wide range of bandwidths and impedance transformations has been deposited with the ASIS National Auxiliary Publications Service.
Malware Collusion Attack against SVM: Issues and Countermeasures

Android has become the most popular mobile platform, and a hot target for malware developers. At the same time, researchers have come up with numerous ways to deal with malware. Among them, machine learning based methods are quite effective in Android malware detection, the accuracy of which can be as high as 98%. Thus, malware developers have the incentives to develop more advanced malware to evade detection. This paper presents an adversary attack scenario (Collusion Attack) that will compromise current machine learning based malware detection methods, especially Support Vector Machines (SVM). The malware developers can perform this attack easily by splitting malicious payload into two or more apps. Meanwhile, attackers may hide their malicious behavior by using advanced techniques (Evasion Attack), such as obfuscation, etc. According to our simulation, 87.4% of apps can evade Linear SVM by Collusion Attack. When performing Collusion and Evasion Attack simultaneously, the evasion rate can reach 100% at a low cost. Thus, we proposed a method to deal with this issue. This approach, realized in a tool, called ColluDroid, can identify the collusion apps by analyzing the communication between apps. In addition, it can integrate secure learning methods (e.g., Sec-SVM) to fight against Evasion Attack. The evaluation results show that ColluDroid is effective in finding out the collusion apps and ColluDroid-Sec-SVM has the best performance in the presence of both Collusion and Evasion Attack.
Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials—Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment

Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it.
Evaluation of three empirical reference evapotranspiration models at a tropical station under three sky conditions using two solar radiation estimation methods

An existing solar radiation model developed at Ilorin and found to be more reliable than Angstrom-type and Hargreaves solar radiation equations was used in the FAO Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration model (FAOPM) to obtain daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) for a 32-year (1970 to 2001) period. The number of days having all the required input meteorological data was 9335. The sky conditions of the days were classified as clear, partially cloudy or cloudy depending on the cloudiness index i.e. the ratio of diffuse solar radiation to total solar radiation. The ETo values obtained with FAOPM were compared with predictions of three simpler empirical ETo models namely the Hargreaves (HGRV), Jensen and Haise (JHSE) and Blaney-Morin-Nigeria (BMN) models. When the more reliable solar radiation model was used in HGRV and JHSE, their performances were better than when the solar radiation equation of Hargreaves was used. Generally the three simpler models overpredicted ETo. The bias, root mean square difference (RSMD) and absolute error of prediction deteriorated with sky cloudiness when the solar radiation equation of Hargreaves was used. Linear regression equations with zero intercepts were developed for the estimation of FAOPM predictions from those of the simpler ETo models. The regression equations relating the predictions of FAOPM to those of HGRV generally yielded the highest coefficients of determination and the lowest standard errors of regression. The predictions of HGRV were also the closest to the corresponding FAOPM predictions under the various sky conditions. Based on the outcome of the regression analysis and the ease of application of HGRV, the FAOPM-versus-HGRV regression equations were recommended for the estimation of FAOPM predictions of daily ETo when the use of FAOPM is necessary but not feasible because of incomplete input data.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Sinomicrurus peinani (Serpentes: Elapidae)

Abstract Sinomicrurus peinani is a new species of the genus Sinomicrurus (Serpentes: Elapidae) from China and Vietnam in 2020. In this study, we successfully sequenced mitochondrial genome of an individual S. peinani. The complete mitochondrial genome of S. peinani is a circular molecule with the entire length of 19,477 bp. The base composition is T (28.1%), G (11.9%), and GC (38.5%), which contains two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 13 protein-coding genes, one origin of replication gene (D-loop), and two non-coding control regions, an origin of light-strand replication, and a 2346 bp non-coding region between tRNA-N and tRNA-Y. A maximum-likelihood (ML) tree of S. peinani and 13 other related species was constructed. The DNA data presented here will be useful to study the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity of S. peinani.
Economic Impact Analysis on Regional Industries by High-Speed Rail Investments: Application of an Input-Output Model

High-speed rail (HSR) systems have advantages over road and air transport, but they require significant financial investment. The economic viability of HSR systems has been analyzed through various methods. The approaches used cannot consider all intangible variables, or cannot satisfy the needs of all stakeholders. Particularly, in situations when policy makers are considering the construction of a new HSR system to stimulate the regional economy, detailed economic effects need to be measured. Hence, this research focuses on: (a) formulating a methodological framework to utilize an input-output (I-O) model in a given region where the regional I-O table is not provided, and (b) quantifying actual economic effects on regional industries by new HSR investment as a case study. Specifically, a four-step process with an I-O model is proposed, and a three-point effect (output, employment, and income) is assessed in Sejong, Republic of Korea. The effects of building a new HSR station in Sejong might generate over $100 million in output, over $21 million in income, and almost 1,000 jobs. Construction of railroad tracks would have more effects on the regional economy with over $1,671 million output, over $37 million income and over 145,000 jobs. In this study, only publicly available data sources are considered to propose the methodology. This approach, therefore, can be repeated for policy analyses in other locations where the data is limited. Further, regardless of the type of transportation investment, this approach can be used by policy makers seeking secure decisions to quantify economic effects on regional industries.
Visual Docking Against Bubble Noise With 3-D Perception Using Dual-Eye Cameras

Recently, many studies have been performed worldwide to extend the persistence of underwater operations by autonomous underwater vehicles. Underwater battery recharging technology is one of the solutions even though challenges still remain. The docking function plays an important role not only in battery recharging but also in other advanced applications, such as intervention. Visual servoing in undersea environments inevitably encounters difficulties in recognizing the environment when captured images are disturbed by noise. This study describes the effective recognition performance and robustness against air bubble disturbances in images captured by a real-time position and orientation (pose) tracking and servoing system using stereo vision for a visual-servoing-type underwater vehicle. The recognition of the vehicle pose based on dynamic images captured by dual video cameras was performed by a real-time multistep genetic algorithm (RM-GA). In previous studies, the docking performance was investigated under the condition that there were no disturbances in the captured images that address image degradation. In this paper, the robustness of the RM-GA against air bubble disturbances was verified through visual servoing and docking experiments in a pool test to confirm that the system can continue to recognize the pose of the 3-D marker and can maintain the desired pose by visual servoing. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed system against real disturbances such as turbidity that may degrade the visibility of the system in the sea was confirmed by conducting the docking experiment in a real sea, having verified the practicality of the proposed method.
Effect of Osseodensification on Bone Density and Crestal Bone Levels: A Split-mouth Study.

BACKGROUND Dental implants have become a popular alternative in the oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation after the introduction of the concept of osseointegration. A poor density bone can negatively influence the bone to implant contact (BIC) and delay osseointegration. Various osteotomy techniques and drilling procedures have been used to increase stability in low-density bone. But they have been associated with limitations such as trauma to the surrounding bone and difficulty in controlling the technique. Osseodensification has recently been developed. Densifying burs are specifically designed burs which help in preserving the bone by condensing the bone by rotating in the noncutting direction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Split-mouth study was conducted on a total of 10 patients wherein implants were placed in the same patient bilaterally in maxillary posterior region where the left maxillary posterior region received implants through sequential osteotomy technique and the right maxillary posterior region received implants through a series of new multifluted tapered burs (Densah™). A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken preoperatively, immediately after implant placement, and 3 and 6 months after implant placement. The bone density and crestal bone levels were measured. Results were analyzed by student's paired "t" test and Man-Whitney U test. RESULTS There is no statistical difference between the levels of the crestal bone between an osseodensified site as compared to a conventional osteotomy site. The width of the residual bone increases after osseodensification and remains in the increased dimension for 3 months and continues at 6 months. Thus, it can be concluded that osseodensification leads to bone expansion. CONCLUSION The radiographic bone density adjacent to the implant is significantly increased after ossedensification and the bone there remains relatively dense over a period of 6 months aiding in a primary stability and eventual good osseointegration.
Checking Missing-Data Errors in Cyber-Physical Systems Based on the Merged Process of Petri Nets

Missing-data errors easily occur in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Although many business process modeling notation (BPMN)-based methods are proposed to model CPSs and detect errors, it is hard to automatically verify their correctness, especially in the data flows, due to their lack of formal specifications. By comparison, Petri nets, as a formal method, are widely used to detect data-flow errors. However, these methods easily suffer from the state-space explosion problem. This is mainly because their reachability graphs or state transition graphs are based on the interleaving semantics. As an unfolding technique of Petri net, a merged process can characterize concurrency relations and alleviate this problem. Thus, we utilize the merged process of Petri net with data (PD-net) to check the missing-data errors of the CPS. We first transform a BPMN of the CPS into a PD-net and generate its merged process. Meanwhile, we analyze its structural behaviors and data-adjacent events. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for checking missing-data errors. In addition, a case study and some experiments are done to show the practicality and effectiveness of our method.
Analytical aspects of relaxation for single-slip models in finite crystal plasticity

Modern mathematical approaches to plasticity lead to non-convex minimization problems for which the standard methods of the calculus of variations are not applicable. In this thesis we consider geometrically nonlinear crystal elastoplasticity in two dimensions with one active slip system. In order to derive information about macroscopic material behavior the relaxation of the single incremental problems, which result from the applied time-discrete variational approach, needs to be investigated. Here our studies are restricted to the first time step only. We especially focus on the question of whether realistic systems with an elastic energy leading to large penalization of small elastic strains can be well-approximated by models based on the assumption of rigid elasticity. The interesting finding is that there are qualitatively different answers depending on whether hardening is included or not. In presence of linear hardening we obtain a positive result, which is mathematically backed up by Gamma-convergence. The proof of compactness and the lower bound relies on careful algebraic estimates capturing the anisotropic structure of the problem and on a subtle generalization of the classical div-curl lemma to recover incompressibility in the limit. For the construction of a recovery sequence we use local laminates with position-dependent period and orientation. In the case without hardening, however, the associated relaxed energy density can be shown to vanish for a large class of applied loads, which is due to the sublinear growth of the energy density. Consequently, the desired relation between the rigid model and the one with elastic energy does not hold here. Physically speaking, absence of hardening implies formation of microstructure and very soft macroscopic behavior of the sample in response to a wide range of external forces.
Canopy and reproductive development in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Abstract Context. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is an important grain legume for food, feed, and green manure. Mungbean yield is highly variable due to fluctuating temperature and unpredictable rainfall. Aims. To improve yield stability, it is critical to utilise a model that can simulate mungbean phenology, biomass, and yield accurately. Methods. A thorough understanding of the physiological determinants of growth and yield is required to advance existing mungbean crop modelling capability. Currently, there is limited understanding of the physiological determinants of canopy and reproductive development and their variation in mungbean germplasm. Two experiments (controlled and field environments) were conducted at Gatton, Queensland, in 2018–19. Six Australian mungbean genotypes and one black gram (Vigna mungo L.) were grown under non-limiting conditions. Plant phenotypic traits (canopy development, time to first, 50% flowering, duration of flowering and podding, flower appearance, pod addition rates) were recorded. Key results. Genotypes M10403 and Satin II had significantly higher leaf appearance rate (LAR). Genotypes with a greater LAR had higher number of leaves but lower individual leaf area. Genotypes varied significantly in time to first and 50% flowering, with Onyx-AU (black gram) and Celera II-AU flowering earliest. Flowering and podding rates, and duration of these phenological phases varied among genotypes. Total plant leaf area (TPLA) approached its maximum at mid-podding stage. Implications. This study quantified the key phenotypic and physiological relationships associated with canopy and reproductive development, critical for the improvement of mungbean crop modelling required to accurately simulate growth and development and inform possible canopy constraints that are limiting mungbean productivity.
Aerosol Jet Printed Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate

Inkjet printing for fabricating microstructures has gained popularity during the last decade, making it possible to realize complex electronic circuits, components, and devices previously manufactured using 2D lithographic processes. In this work, we use aerosol inkjet printing delivered from the NeXus, a custom-built microfabrication platform that can deposit silver ink on a flexible printed circuit (FPC) substrate. We present the fabrication method of a 10mm diameter circular strain gauge tactile sensor, which is annealed using oven curing or intense pulse light (IPL) process. The resulting sensor performance under varying curing schedules is evaluated by loading packaged sensors with increasing weight, reporting a measured resistance in the 300Ω-1. 2kΩ range.