Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phoneme based Domain Prediction for Language Model Adaptation

Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) are the two key components for any voice assistant. ASR converts the input audio signal to text using acoustic model (AM), language model (LM) and Decoder. NLU further processes this text for sub-tasks like predicting domain, intent and slots. Since input to NLU is text, any error in ASR module will propagate in NLU sub-tasks. ASR generally process speech in small duration windows and first generates phonemes using Acoustic Model (AM) and then Word Lattices using Decoder, Dictionary and Language Model (LM). Training and maintaining a generic LM, which fits the distribution of data of multiple domains is a difficult task. So our proposed architecture uses multiple domain specific LMs to rescore word lattice and has a way to select LMs for rescoring. In this paper, we are proposing a novel Multistage CNN architecture to classify the domain from partial phoneme sequence and use it to select top K domain LMs. The accuracy of multistage classification model based on phoneme input for top three domains has achieved stateof-the-art results on 2 open datasets, 97.76% in ATIS and 99.57% in Snips.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of suction‐tip forceps, a new tool for laparoscopic surgery, for gastric cancer

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery; however, obstacles to its functional optimization remain. Surgical ports can accommodate only one instrument at a time so complex exchange manipulations are necessary during surgery which increases operation times and patient risk. We developed a new laparoscopic instrument that functions as both forceps and a suction tube, which renders intraoperative tool exchange unnecessary. This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel dual‐function device in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.
Isokinetic Dynamometry as a Tool to Predict Shoulder Injury in an Overhead Athlete Population: A Systematic Review

Prospective and cross-sectional studies have used pre-season isokinetic dynamometry strength and endurance measurements of shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) to determine if they can be correlated to injury. However, to date, no review has provided a synthesis of all available literature on this topic. The aim of this systematic review was to identify isokinetic dynamometry studies that assess shoulder IR and ER strength and endurance in the overhead athletic population in relation to shoulder injury. Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and SportDiscus) were searched through September 2019 using pre-determined search terms. Both prospective and cross-sectional studies were included in this review. Studies were assessed for quality using either Appraisal Tool for Cross-sectional Studies (AXIS) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Data on outcome measures of strength and endurance peak torque (PT) and ratios (ER:IR) were extracted and further analysed using a best evidence synthesis approach. A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Conflicting evidence was found when reviewing all studies without differentiating by study type. Prospective study designs revealed strong evidence that reduced IR endurance and reduced strength ratios are predictive of shoulder injury. Cross-sectional literature showed only conflicting and limited evidence for all outcome measures. At this stage, more research is needed in individual sporting populations using prospective cohort designs.
Removal of hydrocarbon contamination and oxide films from atom probe specimens

Many materials science phenomena require joint structural and chemical characterization at the nanometer scale to be understood. This can be achieved by correlating electron microscopy (EM) and atom probe tomography (APT) subsequently on the same specimen. For this approach, specimen yield during APT is of particular importance, as significantly more instrument time per specimen is invested as compared to conventional APT measurements. However, electron microscopy causes hydrocarbon contamination on the surface of atom probe specimens. Also, oxide layers grow during specimen transport between instruments and storage. Both effects lower the chances for long and smooth runs in the ensuing APT experiment. This represents a crucial bottleneck of the method correlative EM/APT. Here, we present a simple and reliable method based on argon ion polishing that is able to remove hydrocarbon contamination and oxide layers, thereby significantly improving APT specimen yield, particularly after EM.
Computing ligands bound to proteins using MELD-accelerated MD.

Predicting the poses of small-molecule ligands in protein binding sites is often done by virtual screening algorithms like DOCK. In principle, Molecular Dynamics (MD) using atomistic force fields could give better free-energy-based pose selection, but MD is computationally expensive. Here, we ask if MELD-accelerated MD (MELD x MD) can pick out the best DOCK poses taken as input. We study 30 different ligand-protein pairs. MELD x MD finds native poses, based on best free energies, in 23 out of the 30 cases, twenty of which were previously known DOCK failures. We conclude that MELD x MD can add value for predicting accurate poses of small-molecules bound to proteins.
Pharmacokinetics and Drug‐Drug Interactions of Isoniazid and Efavirenz in Pregnant Women Living With HIV in High TB Incidence Settings: Importance of Genotyping

The World Health Organization guidelines recommend that individuals living with HIV receive ≥ 6 months of isoniazid preventive therapy, including pregnant women. Yet, plasma isoniazid exposure during pregnancy, in the antiretroviral therapy era, has not been well‐described. We investigated pregnancy‐induced and pharmacogenetic‐associated pharmacokinetic changes and drug‐drug interactions between isoniazid and efavirenz in pregnant women. Eight hundred forty‐seven women received isoniazid for 28 weeks, either during pregnancy or at 12 weeks postpartum, and 786 women received efavirenz. After adjusting for NAT2 and CYP2B6 genotype and weight, pregnancy increased isoniazid and efavirenz clearance by 26% and 15%, respectively. Isoniazid decreased efavirenz clearance by 7% in CYP2B6 normal metabolizers and 13% in slow and intermediate metabolizers. Overall, both isoniazid and efavirenz exposures were reduced during pregnancy, but the main determinants of drug concentration were NAT2 and CYP2B6 genotypes, which resulted in a five‐fold difference for both drugs between rapid and slow metabolizers.
Stilbene-Synthase Gene Expression after Aspergillus carbonarius Infection in Grapes

Berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Barbera (disease susceptible) and the interspecific variety Castor (disease resistant) were infected at veraison by the ochratoxin A-producing fungus Aspergillus carbonarius in order to test the stilbene-synthase gene expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Stilbene (trans-resveratrol and piceatannol) synthesis was also analyzed. Stilbene-synthase gene expression was induced by the fungus and stilbenes were produced in both varieties, but was significantly higher in Castor. Castor displayed few disease symptoms while Barbera was highly infected.
TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY IN EPIDERMAL CELLS (STOMATA) OF SOME SELECTED ANTHOPHYTA UNDER THE ORDER LEGUMINALES (CAESALPNIACEAE, MIMOSACEAE & FABACEAE) BASED ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

The Stomata diversity (size, shapes, types and orientation) in the foliar epidermis has great value in plant systematic studies. A comparative micro -morphological study of stomata of 45 genera belonging to 3 families viz. Fabaceae (19 genera and 24 species), Caesalpniaceae (6 genera and 11 species) and Mimosaceae 8 genera and 10 species) under the order Leguminales was done. The selected species showed diversity in the habits and habitats also. Among the 45 selected species the 19 species are terrestrial and trees, 5 species are shrubs, 12 species are herbs, 7 species are climbers and 2 species are fully i n marshy habit. Leaf clearings and cuticular preparations were examined with light microscopy. Out of the 45 selected species, 31 species showed amphistomatic and 14 species showed hypostomatic and on the other hand the most diversified stomata were obse rved tree species. The maximum numbers of tree species have hypostomatic which reflects that the habits and stomata appearance on foliar epidermis might be greatly co -related. The size and shapes of stomata are also varied in the tree species which bear la rger size of stomata in respect of other habits and habitats. Three types of stomata were observed viz. paracytic (64.1%), anisocytic (46.6%) and anomocytic (33.3%). Among these 3 types of stomata the paracytic type of stomata are very common and than othe r. The structure, shape and size of stomata varied among the different families and even within the family in between the various genus and species also.
IRX3/5 regulate mitotic chromatid segregation and limb bud shape

ABSTRACT Pattern formation is influenced by transcriptional regulation as well as by morphogenetic mechanisms that shape organ primordia, although factors that link these processes remain under-appreciated. Here we show that, apart from their established transcriptional roles in pattern formation, IRX3/5 help to shape the limb bud primordium by promoting the separation and intercalation of dividing mesodermal cells. Surprisingly, IRX3/5 are required for appropriate cell cycle progression and chromatid segregation during mitosis, possibly in a nontranscriptional manner. IRX3/5 associate with, promote the abundance of, and share overlapping functions with co-regulators of cell division such as the cohesin subunits SMC1, SMC3, NIPBL and CUX1. The findings imply that IRX3/5 coordinate early limb bud morphogenesis with skeletal pattern formation. Highlighted Article: Iroquois transcription factors link morphogenesis to pattern formation by regulating chromatid segregation and promoting daughter cell intercalations that shape the early limb bud.
Endoscopic resection of Barrett's adenocarcinoma: Intramucosal and low‐risk tumours are not associated with lymph node metastases

Abstract Background Superficial oesophageal adenocarcinoma can be resected endoscopically, but data to define a curative endoscopic resection are scarce. Objective Our study aimed to assess the risk of lymph node metastasis depending on the depth of invasion and histological features of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods We retrospectively included all patients undergoing an endoscopic resection for T1 oesophageal adenocarcinoma among seven expert centres in France in 2004–2016. Mural invasion was defined as either intramucosal or submucosal tumours; the latter were further divided into superficial submucosal (<1000 mm) and deep submucosal (>1000 mm). Absence or presence of lymphovascular invasion and/or poorly differentiated cancer (G3) defined a low‐risk or a high‐risk tumour, respectively. For submucosal tumours, invasion depth and histological features were systematically confirmed after a second dedicated histological assessment (new 2‐mm thick slices) performed by a second pathologist. Occurrence of lymph node metastasis was recorded during the follow‐up from histological or PET CT reports when an invasive procedure was not possible. Results In total, 188 superficial oesophageal adenocarcinomas were included with a median follow‐up of 34 months. No lymph node metastases occurred for intramucosal oesophageal adenocarcinomas (n = 135) even with high‐risk histological features. Among submucosal oesophageal adenocarcinomas, only tumours with lymphovascular invasion or poorly differentiated cancer or with a depth of invasion >1000 μm developed lymph node metastasis tumours (n = 10/53%; 18.9%; hazard ratio 12.04). No metastatic evolution occurred under a 1000‐mm threshold for all low‐risk tumours (0/25), nor under 1200 mm (0/1) and three over this threshold (3/13%, 23.1%). Conclusion Intramucosal and low‐risk tumours with shallow submucosal invasion up to 1200 mm were not associated with lymph node metastasis during follow‐up. In case of high‐risk features and/or deep submucosal invasion, endoscopic resections are not sufficient to eliminate the risk of lymph node metastasis, and surgical oesophagectomy should be carried out. These results must be confirmed by larger prospective series.
Generation of Intersectin Homolog Cin1 Isoform-Specific Mutants in Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causesmeningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals such as those undergoing solid organtransplant, receiving immunosuppressive therapy, or those with HIV/AIDS. This fungus exhibitsthe propensity for the human central nervous system, thus studies of this neurotropism are animportant component of addressing the fungal virulence mechanism. In a previous study, wefound that C. neoformans contains Cin1, a homolog of human intersectin ITSN1, and that one ofthe two isoforms, Cin1-S, exhibits a survival advantage in the brain of experimental animals. Totest the hypothesis that Cin1 may play a role in fungal neurotropism, mutant strains expressingthe Cin1-L isoform are needed. The present study is to create a Cin1-L mutant allele linked toantibiotic resistance and transform the wild type strain to generate Cin1-L mutants expressingonly Cin1-L. This newly generated strain will be evaluated in experimental animals, eitherindividually or in combination with the Cin1-S or the wild type strains. A partial CIN1-L mutantallele linked to neomycin resistance was obtained and the majority of the 52 genetictransformants contain the recombinant gene contracts and the loss of the wild type CIN1 gene.Efforts are underway to verify that these transformants contain specific mutants that express onlythe long isoform of Cin1 (Cin1-L).
Memantine, Donepezil, or Combination Therapy—What is the best therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease? A Network Meta‐Analysis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that progresses over time, heavily burdening patients, families, and aging societies worldwide. Memantine and donepezil are frequently used in its treatment, both as monotherapy and in combination. This multiple treatment comparison meta‐analysis assessed the efficacy of these regimens and placebo in the management of AD.
Pelvic arterial embolisation with cyanoacrylate during caesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta

Abstract Purpose To compare n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and gelatine sponge (GS) as embolic materials for prophylactic pelvic arterial embolisation during caesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Material and methods This retrospective study comprised 12 women (age range, 23–42 years; mean, 34.1 years) who underwent caesarean hysterectomy for PAS. Following caesarean delivery, bilateral uterine and non-uterine parasitic arteries were embolized with GS in the first four cases (GS group) and primarily with NBCA mixed with iodized oil in the subsequent eight cases (NBCA group). Procedure time for embolisation and hysterectomy and total blood loss were compared between the two groups using Welch’s t-test. Results Although procedure time for embolisation tended to be longer in the NBCA group than in the GS group (111 ± 47 min versus 71 ± 32 min, p=.11), that for hysterectomy was significantly reduced in the NBCA group when compared to the GS group (158 ± 42 min versus 236 ± 39 min, p=.02). Total blood loss was significantly lower in the NBCA group than in the GS group (1375 ± 565 mL versus 2668 ± 587 mL, p=.01). Conclusion Procedure time for hysterectomy and total blood loss during caesarean hysterectomy can be reduced by using NBCA instead of GS in prophylactic pelvic arterial embolisation for PAS.
(E)-Piplartine Isolated from Piper pseudoarboreum, a Lead Compound against Leishmaniasis

The current therapies of leishmaniasis, the second most widespread neglected tropical disease, have limited effectiveness and toxic side effects. In this regard, natural products play an important role in overcoming the current need for new leishmanicidal agents. The present study reports a bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Piper pseudoarboreum against four species of Leishmania spp. promastigote forms, which afforded six known alkamides (1–6). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Compounds 2 and 3 were identified as the most promising ones, displaying higher potency against Leishmania spp. promastigotes (IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 3.8 µM) and amastigotes of L. amazonensis (IC50 values ranging from 8.2 to 9.1 µM) than the reference drug, miltefosine. The efficacy of (E)-piplartine (3) against L. amazonensis infection in an in vivo model for cutaneous leishmaniasis was evidenced by a significant reduction of the lesion size footpad and spleen parasite burden, similar to those of glucantime used as the reference drug. This study reinforces the therapeutic potential of (E)-piplartine as a promising lead compound against neglected infectious diseases caused by Leishmania parasites.
The influence of wilting and season of silage harvest and the fat and protein concentration of the supplement on milk production and food utilization by lactating cattle

This study was designed to examine the influence of pre-wilting and season of harvesting of silage on milk production and food utilization by dairy cattle and also the response to protein and fat concentration of the supplement given with silage. Twenty-four lactating British Friesian cows were used i n a four-period, partially balanced, change-over design experiment to evaluate 12 treatments consisting of three silage types (spring harvest unwilted (lUnW), autumn harvest unwilted (3UnW) and autumn harvest wilted (3W), each offered in addition to supplements containing both two crude protein levels (160 and 210 g/kg fresh weight) and two levels of inclusion of a fat supplement (0 and 100 g/kg fresh weight) in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. All supplements were offered at the same rate of 6·8 kg/day. Total diet digestibility and food utilization studies were carried out on all animals at the end of the third and fourth experimental periods. The wilted silage (3W) had a higher digestibility than the unwilted (3UnW) material and animals offered 3W silage consumed proportionately 0·18 more silage DM and produced 1·6 MJ/day more milk energy output than those offered 3UnW. The total ration digesibility and food utilization data showed the animals given the 3W silage consumed 13·5 MJ more metabolizable energy (ME) per day than those offered the 3UnW silage and were less efficient at converting the ME available for production into milk energy output than those given the 3UnW silage (efficiencies were 0·58 and 0·53 for 3UnW and 3W silages respectively). There were no differences between the digestibilities of the spring (lUnW) and autumn (3UnW) silages with the concentrations of digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DM) being 650 and 648 g/kg respectively. However, animals offered lUnW silage consumed proportionately 0·12 more DM and produced 1·05 kg/day more fat-corrected milk than those given 3UnW silage. The food utilization data indicated that this milk production difference could be accounted for by the higher ME intake on lUnW and that the efficiencies of conversion of ME available for production to milk energy output were similar with both seasons of harvests (efficiencies were 0·57 and 0·58 for lUnW and 3UnW respectively). Increasing the crude protein concentration of the supplement from 160 to 210 g/kg increased silage DM intake, milk yield and milk energy output by 0·2 kg, 0·66 kg and 1·9 MJ/day respectively with the response being greatest with lUnW and least with 3UnW silage. Increasing the fat concentration of the supplement depressed silage DM intake but increased milk yield by 0·53 kg/day. The effects of the treatments on total diet digestibility, energy and nitrogen utilization, and the volatile fatty acid concentrations of rumen fluid are also given.
CeRNA Network Analysis Representing Characteristics of Different Tumor Environments Based on 1p/19q Codeletion in Oligodendrogliomas

Simple Summary Oligodendroglioma (OD) is a subtype of glioma occurring in the central nervous system. The 1p/19q codeletion is a prognostic marker of OD with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and is associated with a clinically favorable overall survival (OS). The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) protects the mRNA from degradation by binding with the same miRNA by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Recently, although there is an increasing interest in lncRNAs on glioma studies, however, studies regarding their effects on OD and the 1p/19q codeletion remain limited. In our study, we performed in silico analyses using low-grade gliomas from datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas to investigate the effects of ceRNA with 1p/19q codeletion on ODs. We constructed 16 coding RNA–miRNA–lncRNA networks and the ceRNA network participated in ion channel activity, insulin secretion, and collagen network and extracellular matrix (ECM) changes. In conclusion, our results can provide insights into the possibility in the different tumor microenvironments and OS following 1p/19q codeletion through changes in the ceRNA network. Abstract Oligodendroglioma (OD) is a subtype of glioma occurring in the central nervous system. The 1p/19q codeletion is a prognostic marker of OD with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and is associated with a clinically favorable overall survival (OS); however, the exact underlying mechanism remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been suggested to regulate carcinogenesis and prognosis in cancer patients. Here, we performed in silico analyses using low-grade gliomas from datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas to investigate the effects of ceRNA with 1p/19q codeletion on ODs. Thus, we selected modules of differentially expressed genes that were closely related to 1p/19q codeletion traits using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and constructed 16 coding RNA–miRNA–lncRNA networks. The ceRNA network participated in ion channel activity, insulin secretion, and collagen network and extracellular matrix (ECM) changes. In conclusion, ceRNAs with a 1p/19q codeletion can create different tumor microenvironments via potassium ion channels and ECM composition changes; furthermore, differences in OS may occur. Moreover, if extrapolated to gliomas, our results can provide insights into the consequences of identical gene expression, indicating the possibility of tracking different biological processes in different subtypes of glioma.
The Uncanny Valley Phenomenon and the Temporal Dynamics of Face Animacy Perception

Human replicas highly resembling people tend to elicit eerie sensations—a phenomenon known as the uncanny valley. To test whether this effect is attributable to people’s ascription of mind to (i.e., mind perception hypothesis) or subtraction of mind from androids (i.e., dehumanization hypothesis), in Study 1, we examined the effect of face exposure time on the perceived animacy of human, android, and mechanical-looking robot faces. In Study 2, in addition to exposure time, we also manipulated the spatial frequency of faces, by preserving either their fine (high spatial frequency) or coarse (low spatial frequency) information, to examine its effect on faces’ perceived animacy and uncanniness. We found that perceived animacy decreased as a function of exposure time only in android but not in human or mechanical-looking robot faces (Study 1). In addition, the manipulation of spatial frequency eliminated the decrease in android faces’ perceived animacy and reduced their perceived uncanniness (Study 2). These findings link perceived uncanniness in androids to the temporal dynamics of face animacy perception. We discuss these findings in relation to the dehumanization hypothesis and alternative hypotheses of the uncanny valley phenomenon.