Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chlamydial deubiquitinase Cdu1 supports recruitment of Golgi vesicles to the inclusion

Chlamydia trachomatis is the main cause of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. As obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia replicate in a membrane bound vacuole called inclusion and acquire nutrients for growth and replication from their host cells. However, like all intracellular bacteria, Chlamydia have to prevent eradication by the host's cell autonomous system. The chlamydial deubiquitinase Cdu1 is secreted into the inclusion membrane, facing the host cell cytosol where it deubiquitinates cellular proteins. Here we show that inactivation of Cdu1 causes a growth defect of C. trachomatis in primary cells. Moreover, ubiquitin and several autophagy receptors are recruited to the inclusion membrane of Cdu1‐deficient Chlamydia. Interestingly, the growth defect of cdu1 mutants is not rescued when autophagy is prevented. We find reduced recruitment of Golgi vesicles to the inclusion of Cdu1 mutants indicating that vesicular trafficking is altered in bacteria without active deubiquitinase (DUB). Our work elucidates an important role of Cdu1 in the functional preservation of the chlamydial inclusion surface.
An Unified Equation for Active Reflection Coefficient in 4D Antenna Arrays including Mutual Coupling Effect

A unified time- and frequency- domain equation in terms of the active reflection coefficient (ARC) in four-dimensional (4D) antenna arrays including mutual coupling effect is presented. The "instantaneous" active reflection coefficient (ARC) as a function of time and the "averaged" active reflection coefficient as a function of frequency are introduced to evaluate the port matching and the mutual coupling in 4D arrays, respectively. The two analysis approaches from different viewpoints are demonstrated to be unified and complementary through Fourier transform. The results of a 16-element 4D linear array with tightly coupled elements are used to validate the unified equation.
Auditory hallucinations and the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia

This cxpllmHory study examined the prcdictivc rclutionship among the dimensi1ms nf auditory hallucinations and the presence of depression in chronic schizophn:nia. Forty seven out-puticnts from the Inner City Community Mt.:ntal Health Service participated, a! of whom had a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and reported experiencing auditory h a l l u ~ m a t i o n s . The measures included the Calgary Rating Scale fur Schizophrenia, thc Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire and three questions relating to insight into auditory hallucinations from the Schedule for the Assessment of InsightExpanded Edition. Consistent with other reports, the present study found a prevalence of depressive symptoms in over 40% of the sample. All of the dimensions of auditory hallucinations together accounted for 42% of the variance in depression scores but there was no salient individual dimension that could account for a significant proportion of the variance. It was concluded that other factors, not just auditory hallucinations, are likely to have a role in determining the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia.
Multi-level Module Identification Method for Directed Complex Network

Module identification of directed complex networks is an important research content in the field of complex networks. In the past, complex network overlapping module recognition algorithms based on node feature attributes could not effectively identify overlapping modules in a directed network. This paper designs a multi-level directed complex network overlapping module identification algorithm. The algorithm is divided into two levels. The low-level algorithm calculates the similarity of edges and edges based on the edge feature, and the high-level algorithm calculates the feature values of the edge based on the distribution characteristics of the triples. Then we convert the directed node network into an undirected weight edge network. Next, the edge network is clustered to identify the overlapping module structure. In this paper, the algorithm is applied to the transcriptional regulation networks. The experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately identify the overlapping module structure in the directed complex network.
Solute Transport In Two Layered Porous Media (Separated Diagonally) Using Suitable DQM Scheme

In this research, we presented Differential Quadrature Method for solving groundwater flow and advection-dispersion equations in two layered porous media which the layers are separated diagonally. This method was applied to five cases and the results are compared with Modflow and Mt3d solutions. Also, The effect of various parameters on transport process are discussed in all cases. The DQM results show a good agreement with Modflow and Mt3d results regarding selecting fewer grid points. In applying the DQM, the needed mesh size is much smaller than the traditional approaches which reduces computational time and needed less computer storage capacity.
Balance An Unbalanced Transportation Problem By A Heuristic approach

The objective of this paper is to analyze Vogels Approximation Method and its modication due to Shimshak (2) and Goyal (1) in nding an initial solution to an unbalanced transportation problem. This paper suggests a heuristic approach in order to balance the unbalanced transportation problem and improve the Vogels Approximation Method in order to get improved (sometimes) initial solution of unbalanced transportation problem in comparison to usual VAM. The algorithm is supported by numerical illustrations.
The Impact of Fiscal Constitutions on State and Local Expenditures

The United States has witnessed changing trends, over the past few decades, in the fiscal behavior and responsibilities of federal, state, and local governments. In particular, two of the more politically popular trends include a general movement of fiscal responsibility away from the federal level toward the state and local level and an attempt to implement budgetary mechanisms that instill fiscal discipline at the state and local level. Proponents of these fiscal discipline mechanisms argue that these tools have been or will be effective at slowing the rate of spending at all levels of government. The general assumption is that these budget rules will provide the citizenry with some protection against the inherent bias toward excess spending in public-sector decisionmaking. This notion is based on the assumption that state and local governments are more responsive to the needs of the citizenry and, therefore, are more efficient at providing the requisite goods and services. The most interesting aspect of the reasoning discussed above is that it appears to run counter to the increases in spending that have actually been observed at the state and local level. For example, real per capita state and local direct general expenditures have increased approximately 78 percent over the decade ending in 1994. This paper provides an empirical assessment of this phenomenon in order to determine whether or not the imposition of various budgetary insti-
Facial Mask Detection using Semantic Segmentation

Face Detection has evolved as a very popular problem in Image processing and Computer Vision. Many new algorithms are being devised using convolutional architectures to make the algorithm as accurate as possible. These convolutional architectures have made it possible to extract even the pixel details. We aim to design a binary face classifier which can detect any face present in the frame irrespective of its alignment. We present a method to generate accurate face segmentation masks from any arbitrary size input image. Beginning from the RGB image of any size, the method uses Predefined Training Weights of VGG – 16 Architecture for feature extraction. Training is performed through Fully Convolutional Networks to semantically segment out the faces present in that image. Gradient Descent is used for training while Binomial Cross Entropy is used as a loss function. Further the output image from the FCN is processed to remove the unwanted noise and avoid the false predictions if any and make bounding box around the faces. Furthermore, proposed model has also shown great results in recognizing non-frontal faces. Along with this it is also able to detect multiple facial masks in a single frame. Experiments were performed on Multi Parsing Human Dataset obtaining mean pixel level accuracy of 93.884 % for the segmented face masks.
Design of a Reconfigurable Metal-Plasma L-Band Transmit-Array Antenna

This paper presents a feasibility study of a simple and realistic reconfigurable metal-plasma transmit-array antenna that operates at 1.55 GHz. The antenna consists of a ground plane, an active dipole and a set of realistic plasma tubes placed in front of it. It is shown that the radiation pattern of the array can be reconfigured by switching on/off the plasma tubes. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to find the best geometrical parameters of the antenna in order to enhance the directivity in the broadside direction when the plasma tubes are energized.
A Review of Issues and Challenges in Fog Computing Environment

Fog computing is a new development paradigm which extends the computation, storage and management capabilities of cloud computing at the edge of networks. However, users and service providers will still face many problems in fog environment, because of the characteristics of fog computing: resource heterogeneous, devices geographical distribution and so on. This review provides a detailed architecture of a fog computing environment with seven major modules. Then, we summarize the current issues and challenges in each module and some future research directions of fog computing environment.
Effect of acute bilateral adrenalectomy and reserpine on gastric mucus secretion and mucosal injury in pyloric ligated rats

Adrenalectomy produces many changes in gastric functional parameters including gastric acid secretion, gastric motility and mucosal blood flow. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of acute bilateral adrenalectomy and reserpine on gastric mucus secretion and degradation in the pyloric ligated rats. Groups of Wistar rats of mixed sexes were adrenalectomized or administered with 5 mg/kg reserpine intraperitoneally or given both treatment followed by pyloric ligation. Adherent mucus was assessed by the alcian blue binding technique while erosion of the surface gel was assessed from the appearance of sialic acids and galactose in the gastric juice. Gastric mucosa injury was quantified by measuring the area of gastric mucosa damage. The amount of alcian blue bound to adherent mucus and soluble mucin concentration were not significantly affected by adrenalectomy (P > 0.05). Reserpine diminished adherent mucus secretion and increased soluble glycoprotein in the gastric juice. Adrenalectomized animals (40%, n = 5) developed haemorrhagic lesions as compared to 100% (n = 5) in animals treated with reserpine. Adrenalectomy or propranolol did not protect the animals against the reserpine induced injury. It is concluded that the adrenal glands seem to be of no importance in the secretion of gastric mucus but reserpine inhibits mucus release and stimulates surface mucus gel breakdown via β-adrenoceptor stimulation.
Reduced ENSO variability at the LGM revealed by an isotope‐enabled Earth system model

Studying the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the past can help us better understand its dynamics and improve its future projections. However, both paleoclimate reconstructions and model simulations of ENSO strength at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka B.P.) have led to contradicting results. Here we perform model simulations using the recently developed water isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM). For the first time, model‐simulated oxygen isotopes are directly compared with those from ENSO reconstructions using the individual foraminifera analysis (IFA). We find that the LGM ENSO is most likely weaker comparing with the preindustrial. The iCESM suggests that total variance of the IFA records may only reflect changes in the annual cycle instead of ENSO variability as previously assumed. Furthermore, the interpretation of subsurface IFA records can be substantially complicated by the habitat depth of thermocline‐dwelling foraminifera and their vertical migration with a temporally varying thermocline.
Macdonald's solid-angle sum for real dilations of rational polygons

The solid-angle sum $A_{\mathcal{P}} (t)$ of a rational polytope ${\mathcal{P}} \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, with $t \in \mathbb{Z}$ was first investigated by I.G. Macdonald. Using our Fourier-analytic methods, we are able to establish an explicit formula for $A_{\mathcal{P}} (t)$, for any real dilation $t$ and any rational polygon ${\mathcal{P}} \subset \mathbb{R}^2$. Our formulation sheds additional light on previous results, for lattice-point enumerating functions of triangles, which are usually confined to the case of integer dilations. Our approach differs from that of Hardy and Littlewood in 1992, but offers an alternate point of view for enumerating weighted lattice points in real dilations of real triangles.
A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LINK BETWEEN GAMING MACHINES AND GAMBLING-RELATED HARM

It remains irrefutable that electronic gaming machines are associated with gambling-related harms. Although research on electronic gaming machines has predominantly focussed on their structural characteristics and to a lesser extent, situational variables contributing to the emergence of gambling-related harms, the precise causal mechanisms of these variables in the aetiology of gambling disorders remains inconclusive. In addition, it remains debatable as to whether or not electronic gaming machines have higher rates of problem gambling as a proportion of participants compared to other forms. Contributing to this state of uncertainty are methodological difficulties related to jurisdictional differences in the geographical location, distribution, density, and configuration of machines (payback percentages and volatility), socio-cultural and demographic features, and availability of and involvement in other gambling modes typically associated with gambling disorders. In addition, questionnaire and survey items have tended to elicit information on preferred or identified problem forms of gambling. Accordingly, gambling-related harms tend to be attributed to such identified forms without taking into consideration intensity (expenditure and frequency) and involvement in gambling modes in aggregate. It is therefore postulated that directing attention to electronic gaming machines over other forms equally capable of causing harm is not an optimal approach to harm minimisation. It may prove to be more fruitful to investigate the complex interaction between cultural/social values, accessibility and availability of all gambling products in aggregate within a community and the factors that promote participation in multiple forms rather than a narrow focus on a limited range of products.
Do You Like the Sclera?: Sclera-Region Detection in Line Drawings for Automated Colorization

Colorizing line drawings requires special skill, experience, and knowledge. Artists also spend a lot of time and effort creating artwork. Recently, given this background, research on the automated colorization of line drawings was actively conducted. However, there are multiple problems in the existing approaches, one of which is the inconsistency of the whites of the eyes (sclera) between line drawings and the results of colorizing. In particular, in line drawings, a person’s skin and the sclera are often expressed in white. Hence, there are cases where the boundary cannot be predicted correctly by previous studies. In this research, we propose automated colorization methods that segment sclera regions in grayscale line drawings using machine learning. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of previous automated colorization approaches, we implemented sclera-region detection and an automated colorizing approach on grayscale line drawings of people. In addition, we evaluated the colorization results created by our methods through a user study. Statistics show that our methods are somewhat superior to the industrial application [1], but many of our results show that there is not much difference.
Examining Students’ Perceptions Of Interdisciplinarity Based On Gender And Disciplinary Affiliation

The aim of the research proposed here is to contribute to theories about the development of undergraduate engineering students as interdisciplinary engineers, by examining engineering students’ perceptions of interdisciplinarity based on gender and disciplinary affiliation. The motivation for this study is due to the gap in the literature regarding the evaluation of interdisciplinary work and the increase in the number of interdisciplinary undergraduate engineering programs and courses. In addition, research indicates female students give greater attention to context in a design problem than their male counterparts, and therefore, could have different experiences in interdisciplinary programs, which are context-focused. Literature has also indicated potential barriers to a student’s interdisciplinary understanding exist due to the student’s affiliation with a particular engineering discipline. An open-ended questionnaire was used to gain an understanding of the characteristics of engineering students from two majors at the start of the second year, which is the first semester of major coursework at the university in this study. Of the one hundred students in the study, twelve had elected to participate in an interdisciplinary program between the two majors. The questionnaire itself asks students to think about interdisciplinary and non-interdisciplinary engineering projects. Students’ responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using the open coding method of grounded theory to identify emerging themes or categories within the responses. The final coding scheme recognizes students’ differing perceptions of what constitutes an interdisciplinary collaboration, the purpose of using an interdisciplinary approach, and the process for establishing disciplinary grounding. The importance of team dynamics in engineering projects emerged from the responses, specifically in the discussion of communication, task delegation, and recruitment of team members. Additionally, while disciplinary affiliation appeared to influence students’ understanding of the purpose behind using an interdisciplinary approach, gender affected students’ examples of interdisciplinary collaborations. Participation in the interdisciplinary engineering program also was associated with providing the program as an example of an interdisciplinary collaboration. Beyond these areas, there were no significant differences in students’ responses based on gender or disciplinary affiliation. The small sample size of students could have contributed to the small number of significant differences between the independent variables. Overall, due to the open-ended nature of questions, it was not possible to indicate whether all of the students agreed or disagreed with the different perceptions. Therefore, these results were utilized within a larger mixed-methods study, designed to further explore these research questions.
Matching between Students and Universities: What are the Sources of Inequalities of Access to Higher Education?

It is assumed that a perfect balance between student academic achievement and university quality is beneficial both for students and higher education institutions (HEIs). Matching theory predicts the existence of perfect matching between the two groups in the absence of transaction costs associated with university enrollment. However, in this study we show cases of mismatch situations in Russia under the Unified State Exam (USE) – the standardized student admission mechanism. This research studies the reasons for this phenomenon for minimal transaction costs and the emergence of unequal access to HEIs. Based on data on Moscow high school graduates who entered university, the determinants of the mismatch between the quality of universities and applicant abilities are assessed. It is shown that although in most cases favorable matching results are established, the individual student achievement results themselves are subject to the influence of school and family characteristics. Thus, inequality of access can be formed at stages preceding HEI enrollment
Iron Metabolism in the Peripheral Nervous System: The Role of DMT1, Ferritin, and Transferrin Receptor in Schwann Cell Maturation and Myelination

Iron is an essential cofactor for many cellular enzymes involved in myelin synthesis, and iron homeostasis unbalance is a central component of peripheral neuropathies. However, iron absorption and management in the PNS are poorly understood. To study iron metabolism in Schwann cells (SCs), we have created 3 inducible conditional KO mice in which three essential proteins implicated in iron uptake and storage, the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), the ferritin heavy chain (Fth), and the transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1), were postnatally ablated specifically in SCs. Deleting DMT1, Fth, or Tfr1 in vitro significantly reduce SC proliferation, maturation, and the myelination of DRG axons. This was accompanied by an important reduction in iron incorporation and storage. When these proteins were KO in vivo during the first postnatal week, the sciatic nerve of all 3 conditional KO animals displayed a significant reduction in the synthesis of myelin proteins and in the percentage of myelinated axons. Knocking out Fth produced the most severe phenotype, followed by DMT1 and, last, Tfr1. Importantly, DMT1 as well as Fth KO mice showed substantial motor coordination deficits. In contrast, deleting these proteins in mature myelinating SCs results in milder phenotypes characterized by small reductions in the percentage of myelinated axons and minor changes in the g-ratio of myelinated axons. These results indicate that DMT1, Fth, and Tfr1 are critical proteins for early postnatal iron uptake and storage in SCs and, as a consequence, for the normal myelination of the PNS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To determine the function of the divalent metal transporter 1, the transferrin receptor 1, and the ferritin heavy chain in Schwann cell (SC) maturation and myelination, we created 3 conditional KO mice in which these proteins were postnatally deleted in Sox10-positive SCs. We have established that these proteins are necessary for normal SC iron incorporation and storage, and, as a consequence, for an effective myelination of the PNS. Since iron is indispensable for SC maturation, understanding iron metabolism in SCs is an essential prerequisite for developing therapies for demyelinating diseases in the PNS.
A Note on the Effects of Switching Occurring in Sampling Period for Sampled-Data Bimodal Systems

This manuscript addresses the stability analysis of sampled modelling for bimodal linear and nonlinear switched system classes. Despite the fact that the switched systems have been investigated for decades, some deficiencies or neglected issues has attracted the researchers to provide more realistic modelling ideas. Hence, dealing the control problems in switched systems, sampled-data based modelling approach has become a prominent tool. We have presented the conditions to check the stability for this system classes by addressing the mismatching problem between the updating sequences of controller and active mode. Those conditions have been extended into the cases of bimodal linear and nonlinear system classes by considering the worst case analysis of mismatching problem and this phenomenon has been described explicitly with impressive examples.