Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Knudsen Cell Study of the Heterogeneous Reactivity of Nitric Acid on Oxide and Mineral Dust Particles

The heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitric acid on α-Al2O3, α-Fe2O3, SiO2, MgO, and CaO, as well as authentic samples of Gobi dust and Saharan sand, was investigated at 295 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. Through total uptake calculations and mass dependent studies, nitric-acid diffusion into the underlying layers is shown to be an important process for all of the systems studied. As such, models that account for the increased surface area and the concomitant increase in “internal collisions” were used to calculate uptake coefficients. The initial uptake coefficients for α-Al2O3, α-Fe2O3, SiO2, MgO, and CaO all lie in the 10-5 to 10-3 region at gas concentrations between 1011 and 1012 molecules/cm3. As expected, on the basis of their high SiO2 composition, the measured initial uptake coefficients for the authentic dust samples are close to the value found for SiO2 and are between 2 and 6 × 10-5. Uptake of nitric acid on most of the oxide particles and the authentic dust samples results in irreversible.
Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Brazilian and Spanish Seafood Samples

58 This paper reports the method development for the simultaneous determination 59 of methylmercury (MeHg + ) and inorganic mercury (iHg) species in seafood samples. 60 The study focused on the extraction and quantification of MeHg + (the most toxic 61 species) by liquid chromatography coupled to on-line UV irradiation and cold vapour 62 atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (LC-UV-HG-AFS), using HCl 4 mol L -1 as the 63 extractant agent. Accuracy of the method has been verified by analysing three certified 64 reference materials and different spiked samples. The values found for total Hg and 65 MeHg + for the CRMs did not differ significantly from certified values at a 95% 66 confidence level, and recoveries between 85% and 97% for MeHg + , based on spikes, 67
A CASE STUDY OF CHANGING PROCUREMENT PRACTICES ON DELIVERY OF HIGHWAYS PROJECTS

Despite many changes to industry best practice since the publication of the Latham and Egan report, the construction industry has been heavily criticised for inefficient procurement strategies. The publication of NEC 3 (the latest version of the New Engineering Contract) in 2005 instigated improved collaboration, flexibility, risk sharing and enhanced management practices, particularly in relation to public sector procurement projects. This study analyses the organisational benefits of changes to the procurement strategy, based on NEC 3 and including framework contracts and key performance indicators, to the Engineering Consultancy which delivers highways and transportation projects for Hampshire County Council. Quantitative data from 51 projects completed prior to 2008 when the new procurement framework was introduced was compared to data from 23 projects completed post 2008 to establish key areas of improvement. A case study approach was adopted comprising interviews with project managers, quantity surveyors and supervising engineers, together with further detailed data analysis from three typical projects. The results of the investigation demonstrate better predictability for projects delivered under the new procurement strategy as they were more likely to be delivered on time and to cost, and less likely to overrun on tender value. Other benefits identified include closer working relationships with contractors and faster agreement for compensation events, time extensions and valuations. This study supports the premise that such changes in procurement practices can lead to improvements in the efficiency and delivery of highways construction projects and overall methods of working.
Rubidium superoxide: A p-electron Mott insulator

Rubidium superoxide, RbO_2, is a rare example of a solid with partially-filled electronic p states, which allows to study the interplay of spin and orbital order and other effects of strong electronic correlations in a material that is quite different from the conventional d or f electron systems. Here we show, using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean-field theory, that at room temperature RbO_2 is indeed a paramagnetic Mott insulator. We construct the metal-insulator phase diagram as a function of temperature and Hubbard interaction parameters U and J. Due to the strong particle-hole asymmetry of the RbO_2 band-structure, we find strong differences compared to a simple semi-elliptical density of states, which is often used to study the multiband Hubbard model. In agreement with our previous DFT study, we also find indications for complex spin and orbital order at low temperatures.
Relationship Finance, Informational Rent, and Observational Indistinguishability from Short-Termism

Relationship intermediaries specialise in alleviating information asymmetry, but the literature remains vague on precisely what information they acquire and how they put such information to use. This paper characterises explicitly a particular class of signal extraction and studies the optimal funding policy that maximises the associated informational rents. Because it strikes the optimal trade-off between present and future periods, this funding policy cannot be labelled short-termist. Yet if the relationship intermediary's ROC curve is kinked, this intertemporally optimal funding policy may nevertheless appear indistinguishable from short-termism to the uninformed outside observer.
Effect of Hydrotubation in Unexplained Infertility â€“ A Randomized Controlled Trial

Unexplained infertility is a major gynecological problem with complex etiolgy. Partial tubal blockage with inflammatory reaction and thick mucus plugs in fallopian tubes and cervix is one of the likely causes in such cases. This study is based on the hypothesis that women having unexplained infertility could be helped by transcervical flushing of fluid through the fallopian tubes which would remove reversible blocking factors and help in achieving pregnancy. Objective: Â Â To compare the outcome of hydrotubation in unexplained infertility in clomiphene citrate stimulated cycles with control group (no Hydrotubation). Setting: Â Â Infertility Centre of a Public Sector Hospital. Study Design: Â Â A two years Prospective randomized controlled trial from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. Method: Â Â 128 women participated in the study. Participants were divided into study and control group with 64 members in each group. Ovulation induction was done with clomiphene citrate in all the participants and confirmed by ovulation detection strips and follicular tracking on Ultrasonography. 50 cc cocktail of inject-ion (inj.) kanamycin 1 gm, inj. hydrocortisone and normal saline was injected transcervically in study group for three consecutive days from the next day after end of menstruation. No hydrotubation was done in control group. Main outcome measures were number of conceptions within next 3 cycles and complications of hydrotubation. Results: Â Â In hydrotubation group, 20 women conceived. Out of these, 14 women conceived in the same cycle in which hydrotubation was done while 6 pregnancies occurred in subsequent cycle. 4 pregnancies occurred in the control group. Complications of hydrotubation were mild abdominal pain (59 women), vomiting (49 women) and Per vaginum bleeding (18 women). There were significantly more pregnancies in women who experienced right shoulder tip pain after the procedure. Conclusion: Â Â In women with unexplained infertility, tubal hydration can increase conception rate and decrease the time to achieve pregnancy. Â
0 30 71 43 v 2 2 4 Ja n 20 04 Modeling Amyloid β Peptide Insertion into Lipid Bilayers

Inspired by recent suggestions that the Alzheimer’s amyloid β peptide (Aβ) can insert into cell membranes and form harmful ion channels, we model insertion of the 40 and 42 residue forms of the peptide into cell membranes using a Monte Carlo code which is specific at the amino acid level. We examine insertion of the regular Aβ peptide as well as mutants causing familial Alzheimer’s disease, and find that all but one of the mutants change the insertion behavior by causing the peptide to spend more simulation steps in only one leaflet of the bilayer. We also find that Aβ42, because of the extra hydrophobic residues relative to Aβ40, is more likely to adopt this conformation than Aβ40 in both wild-type and mutant forms. We argue qualitatively why these effects happen. Here, we present our results and develop the hypothesis that this partial insertion increases the probability of harmful channel formation. This hypothesis can partly explain why these mutations are neurotoxic simply due to peptide insertion behavior. We further apply this model to various artificial Aβ mutants which have been examined experimentally, and offer testable experimental predictions contrasting the roles of aggregation and insertion with regard to toxicity of Aβ mutants. These can be used through further experiments to test our hypothesis.
A simulation-and-regression approach for dynamic programming, and its application to portfolio choice

Simulation-and-regression algorithms have become a standard tool for solving dynamic programs in many areas, in particular financial engineering and computational economics. In virtually all cases, the regression is performed on the state variables, for example on current market prices. However, it is possible to regress on decision variables as well, and this opens up new possibilities. We present numerical evidences of the performance of such an algorithm, in the context of dynamic portfolio choices in discrete-time (and thus incomplete) markets. The problem is fundamentally the one considered in some recent papers that also use simulations and/or regressions: discrete time, multiperiod reallocation, and maximization of terminal utility. In contrast to that literature, we regress on decisions variables and we do not rely on Taylor series expansions nor derivatives of the utility function. Only basic tools are used, bundled in a dynamic programming framework: simulations, —which can be black-boxed—, as a representation of exogenous state variables dynamics; regression surfaces, as non-anticipative representations of expected future utility; and nonlinear or quadratic optimization, to identify the best portfolio choice at each time step. The resulting approach is simple, highly flexible and offers good performances in time and precision.
Security risk prioritization for logical attack graphs

To prevent large networks from potential security threats, network administrators need to know in advance what components of their networks are under high security risk. One way to obtain this knowledge is via attack graphs. Various types of attack graphs based on miscellaneous techniques has been proposed [1–5]. However, attack graphs can only make assertion about different paths that an attacker can take to compromise the network. This information is just half the solution in securing a particular network. Network administrators need to analyze an attack graph to be able to identify the associated risk. Provided that attack graphs can get very large in size, it would be very difficult for them to perform the task. In this thesis, I provide a security risk prioritization algorithm to rank logical attack graphs produced by MulVAL (A vulnerability analysis system) [6]. My proposed method (called StepRank) is based on a previously published algorithm called AssetRank [7] that generalizes over Google’s PageRank [8] algorithm. StepRank considers a forward attack graph that is a reversed version of the original MulVAL attack graph used by AssetRank. The result of the ranking algorithm is a rank value for each node that is relative to every other rank value and shows how difficult it is for an attacker to satisfy a node.
Evaluation Study on Functioning of State Pollution Control Boards

Historically, the efforts at pollution control in India date back to mid nineteenth century. Many of these Acts dealt with environmental regulation in a piecemeal manner, were incidental in nature and proved ineffective in reducing the levels of pollution. The landmark in the recent times in environmental regulation was the passing of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The Water Act, 1974 resulted in the institutionalization of pollution control machinery by establishing the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).
Linear weakening of the AMOC in response to receding glacial ice sheets in CCSM3

The transient response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to a deglacial ice sheet retreat is studied using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3), with a focus on orographic effects rather than meltwater discharge. It is found that the AMOC weakens significantly (41%) in response to the deglacial ice sheet retreat. The AMOC weakening follows the decrease of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheet volume linearly, with no evidence of abrupt thresholds. A wind‐driven mechanism is proposed to explain the weakening of the AMOC: lowering the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets induces a northward shift of the westerlies, which causes a rapid eastward sea ice transport and expanded sea ice cover over the subpolar North Atlantic; this expanded sea ice insulates the ocean from heat loss and leads to suppressed deep convection and a weakened AMOC. A sea ice‐ocean positive feedback could be further established between the AMOC decrease and sea ice expansion.
Transformational leadership and academic staff in Iraqi public universities

In today's world the role of leadership in controlling the organizational factors varies. This is mainly because the humans possess abilities that differ across humans. These abilities are either acquired through experience or through intellectual training. These abilities help some individuals to influence others . The higher education in Iraq face many challenges such as employee morale or satisfaction, ranking of universities in the world and brain drain in the sector leading to lower job satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the influence of transformational leadership style on both (intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction) in Iraq higher education. The quantitative data was collected through survey instrument. The population for this study consisted of academic staff in 10 public universities distributed throughout Iraq. The sample consists of 280 academic staff members selected through random sampling technique. The results found that there are significant strong relationships between the transformational leadership style and both the (intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction). Thus, the study contributes to the existing pool of knowledge on the empirical impact of transformational leadership on both (intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction). Different aspects of these variables were tested, so as to provide a wider and more comprehensive lead to understanding of the factors or elements that affect public universities in Iraqi higher education.
Nonadiabatic relativistic correction in 
H2
, 
D2
, and HD

We calculate the nonadiabatic relativistic correction to rovibrational energy levels of H$_2$, D$_2$, and HD molecules using the nonadiabatic perturbation theory. This approach allows one to obtain nonadiabatic corrections to all the molecular levels with the help of a single effective potential. The obtained results are in very good agreement with the previous direct calculation of nonadiabatic relativistic effects for dissociation energies and resolve the reported discrepancies of theoretical predictions with recent experimental results.
Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series ECO 2015-1771

A way to increase the value added to micro and small businesses (MSB) is through innovation, which starts from an intellectual capital where skills, attitudes, motivations and knowledge are the key. Innovation is seen as a process that results from the formation of skills of labor, and education or training and experience that leads to individual innovation. Thus, externalities of such skills translate into successful innovation processes (generation, development or modification of products and processes). Also, in transit through the spiral of innovation, which involves one step of creativity and one of entrepreneurship, three interrelated types of human skills come into play: basic, secondary and innovative. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to describe the importance of the individualsʼ skills and knowledge to the innovation process in Mexican MSB.
Test Case Retrieval Model by Genetic Algorithm with UML Diagram

In this research paper we have shown the Reusability of test cases. If companies make repositories of Test cases then they can automatically extract the cases from Database, but the problem is matching of the test cases and the new Project UML Design. So we have used optimize weight model by Genetic algorithm which match the test cases by cosine similarity and extract the High Cosine similarity test cases which analysis on the basis of TPR and FPR (True positive rate and False positive rate). We can also find the accuracy of proposed process. We achieve significance high accuracy like in case of ATM 83%, Student management System 81.23% and Banking System 80.23%.
Interactive Demo: A Visual Analysis System for Analyzing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

In this paper, we introduce a visual analysis sys-tem called CNNVis, which aims to facilitate experts in better understanding and reﬁning deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Given a trained CNN, CNNVis ﬁrst extracts the derived features of neurons and connections be-tween neurons. In addition, CNNVis aggregates the network to effectively visualize a large CNN. To help experts analyze deep models, CNNVis employs a hybrid visualization to visualize multiple facets of neurons and the connections be-tween them. To demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our system, we have conducted two case studies on two benchmark datasets.
The vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) gene rs 2010963 and rs 3025039 polymorphisms and risk of osteosarcoma in Chinese population : evidence from a case-control study and a meta-analysis

The gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is recognized as promising candidate for the development of osteosarcoma. Two genetic polymorphisms (rs2010963 and rs3025039) in VEGF have been widely evaluated in association with osteosarcoma in Chinese population, and the results are often inconsistent. We therefore conducted a case-control study and a comprehensive meta-analysis to shed some light on this issue. Although our case-control association study failed to find the association between VEGF gene rs3025039 polymorphism with osteosarcoma occurrence, after a comprehensive meta-analysis over 3700 subjects, we provided evidence that VEGF rs3025039T allele was associated with a significantly increased risk (%) to osteosarcoma (95% confidence interval (95% CI) for odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.39), in Chinese Han population. The tendency was similar to the homozygous comparison (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29-2.14), dominant model (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.40), and recessive model (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.24-2.02). As to rs2010963, this study along with the meta-analysis including 7 studies indicated that rs2010963G allele was associated with a significantly increased risk osteosarcoma occurrence in Chinese population, in the allelic comparison (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.43) as well as the homozygous comparison (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.21-2.04). We conclude that the VEGF gene rs2010963 and rs3025039 polymorphisms were associated with the risk for osteosarcoma in Chinese population.
Quantification of Qualitative Data Using Ordered Probit Models with an Application to a Business Survey in the German Service Sector

This paper aims at providing business survey analysts with simple econometric tools to quantify qualitative survey data. We extend the traditional and commonly applied method proposed by Carlson and Parkin (1975) to capture observable survey respondent heterogeneity. We also discuss specification tests. The empirical analysis is based on business survey data taken from the ZEW's 'Service Sector Business Survey', a quarterly business survey in the German business-related service sector carried out since 1994.
Effects of Acute Heat and Oxidative Stress on the Hepatic Expression of Orexin and Its Related Receptors

It is widely known that orexin A and B peptides as well as their receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus and distributed throughout the central nervous system, but there have been few studies regarding its presences in other parts of the body. There is now evidence that orexin (ORX) and its receptors (ORXR1/2) are present in the avian liver; however, their regulation under different environmental conditions is still unknown. In the current study, we sought to determine the effects of heat and oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) on the hepatic expression of ORX and ORXR1/2 in the avian species. Overall, heat stress significantly down regulated the expression of ORX, and ORXR1/2 mRNA and pro1tein in quail liver and LMH cells. LMH cells treated with H 2 O 2 had decreased ORX protein and increased ORX mRNA levels ( P < 0.05). There was a biphasic effect of 4-HNE on the expression of ORX and ORXR1/2 in LMH cells. There was a significant upregulation at low doses (10 and 20 μM) and significant down-regulation at a high dose (30μM) of 4-HNE. In light of the current data, the hepatic expression of orexin could serve as a molecular signature in the heat and oxidative stress response.
Approaches for diversity analysis of cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria in real soil

Until recently, investigators had no idea how accurately cultivated microorganisms represented the overall microbial diversity. The cultivation-dependent approach is limited by the fact that the overwhelming majority of microorganisms present in soil cannot be cultivated under laboratory conditions. The development of molecular phylogenetics has recently enabled characterization of naturally occurring microbial biota without cultivation. There is a vast amount of information held within the genomes of cultivable and non-cultivable microorganisms, and new methods based on analysis of Dna allow to investigate this potential. in this work we show some aspects, advantages and disadvantages of classical and new approaches in taxonomical and functional description of bacteria present in natural microbial assemblages on the example of cultivable bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of plants, tobacco and black nightshade, planted in PCB contaminated soil. Biochemical analysis of isolates showed 8 different bacterial species. This identification was compared by discrimination using MalDi-toF mass spectrometry and identity evaluation after sequencing of 16S rDna. Six strains from original number of 8 were positively identified after 16S rDna sequencing and their phylogenetic relations were compared. These analyses confirmed closed relations of all species (two of isolates exhibited the same characteristics and were discriminated as the same species Pseudomonas stutzeri) and also of Burkholderia xenovorans lB 400, a well-known PCB degrader. nevertheless, only two isolates gave a positive reaction after amplification of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene and exhibited potential to degrade PCB. These results indicate that only a subset of the recovered molecular information, derived from active population based on molecular and functional analysis is relevant to microbial ecology.