Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria caledonica, a newly identified pathogen of cave crickets, Hadenoecus spp. (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)

1 Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio 45501, USA 2 jyoder@wittenberg.edu 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 USA joshua.benoit@uc.edu (corresponding author) 4 hhobbs@wittenberg.edu 5 nelsonb@wittenberg.edu 6 mainl@wittenberg.edu 7 University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, T6G 2E1, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, cgibas@ualbera.ca
Hybrid Depth-Separable Residual Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification

At present, the classification of the hyperspectral image (HSI) based on the deep convolutional network has made great progress. Due to the high dimensionality of spectral features, limited samples of ground truth, and high nonlinearity of hyperspectral data, effective classification of HSI based on deep convolutional neural networks is still difficult. This paper proposes a novel deep convolutional network structure, namely, a hybrid depth-separable residual network, for HSI classification, called HDSRN. The HDSRN model organically combines 3D CNN, 2D CNN, multiresidual network ROR, and depth-separable convolutions to extract deeper abstract features. On the one hand, due to the addition of multiresidual structures and skip connections, this model can alleviate the problem of over fitting, help the backpropagation of gradients, and extract features more fully. On the other hand, the depth-separable convolutions are used to learn the spatial feature, which reduces the computational cost and alleviates the decline in accuracy. Extensive experiments on the popular HSI benchmark datasets show that the performance of the proposed network is better than that of the existing prevalent methods.
Associated Credit Risk Contagion with Incubatory Period: A Network-Based Perspective

Associated credit risk is a kind of credit risk among the associated credit entities formed by credit-related entities. Focusing on this hot topic of associated credit risk and the relevant contagion and considering the latent entities and their incubatory period, this paper builds an infectious dynamic model to describe the associated credit risk contagion of associated credit entities based on the mean-field theory of complex networks. Firstly, this paper analyzes the stable state of the associated credit risk contagion in the associated entity network, considering the latent entities and their incubatory period. Secondly, from the perspective of complex network and considering the incubatory period, a SHIS model is built to reveal how the incubatory period influences associated credit risk contagion. Finally, the sensitivity of some parameters is analyzed in the Barabasi–Albert (BA) scale-free network. The results show the following: (i) the contagion threshold of associated credit risk is related to the incubatory period of latent entities, the recovery rate and infectivity of infected entities, and the newborn rate of credit entities; (ii) the infectious rate of infected entities, the mortality rate of credit entities, and the important factors stated in (i) are all significantly correlated with the density of infected entities.
The Target Recovery Strategy for Preventing Avalanche Breakdown on Interdependent Community Networks

Many real infrastructure systems such as power grids and communication networks across cities not only depend on each other but also have community structures. This observation derives a new research subject of the interdependent community networks (ICNs). Recent works showed that the ICNs are extremely vulnerable to the failure of interconnected nodes between communities. Such vulnerability is prone to cause avalanche breakdown of the ICNs. How to improve the robustness of ICNs remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new target recovery strategy in the self-awareness recovery model, called recovery strategy based on community structures (RCS). The self-awareness recovery model repairs and reactivates the original pair of failed nodes that belong to mutual boundary of networks during cascading failures. The key insight is that the RCS explicitly considers both intercommunity links and intracommunity links. In this paper, we compare RCS with the state-of-the-art approaches based on randomness, degree centrality, and local centrality. We find that the RCS outperforms the other three strategies on the size of giant component, the existence probability of giant component, the number of iterative cascade steps, and the average degree of the remaining network. Moreover, RCS is robust against a given noise, and the optimal parameter of RCS remains stable even if the recovery ratio varies.
Deep Metric Learning-Assisted 3D Audio-Visual Speaker Tracking via Two-Layer Particle Filter

For speaker tracking, integrating multimodal information from audio and video provides an effective and promising solution. The current challenges are focused on the construction of a stable observation model. To this end, we propose a 3D audio-visual speaker tracker assisted by deep metric learning on the two-layer particle filter framework. Firstly, the audio-guided motion model is applied to generate candidate samples in the hierarchical structure consisting of an audio layer and a visual layer. Then, a stable observation model is proposed with a designed Siamese network, which provides the similarity-based likelihood to calculate particle weights. The speaker position is estimated using an optimal particle set, which integrates the decisions from audio particles and visual particles. Finally, the long short-term mechanism-based template update strategy is adopted to prevent drift during tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the single-modal trackers and comparison methods. Efficient and robust tracking is achieved both in 3D space and on image plane.
Simultaneous Videofluoroscopy and Endoscopy for Dysphagia Evaluation in Preterm Infants—A Pilot Study

Introduction: The assessment of dysphagia in preterm infants has been limited to clinical bedside evaluation followed by videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) in selected patients. Recently, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is being described more in literature for preterm infants. However, it is unclear if one test has a better diagnostic utility than the other in this population. Furthermore, it is also unclear if performing FEES and VFSS simultaneously will increase the sensitivity and specificity of detecting dysphagia compared to either test performed independently. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of performing VFSS and FEES simultaneously in preterm infants. Our secondary objective is to determine whether simultaneously performed VFSS–FEES improves the diagnostic ability in detecting dysphagia in preterm infants compared to either test done separately. Methods: In this pilot study, we describe the process involved in performing simultaneous VFSS–FEES in five preterm infants (postmenstrual age ≥36 weeks) with dysphagia. A total of 26 linked VFSS–FEES swallows were analyzed, where the same bolus during the same swallow was compared using simultaneous fluoroscopy and endoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting penetration and aspiration were evaluated in simultaneous VFSS–FEES compared with each test done independently. Results: Our results demonstrated that performing simultaneous VFSS–FEES is feasible in preterm infants with dysphagia. All patients tolerated the procedures well without any complications. Our pilot study in these five symptomatic preterm infants demonstrated a low incidence of aspiration but a high incidence of penetration. Simultaneous VFSS–FEES (26 linked swallows) improved the ability to detect penetration compared to each test done separately. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of performing VFSS and FEES simultaneously in symptomatic preterm infants with dysphagia resulting in potentially higher diagnostic yield than either procedure done separately.
Assessing the Reliability of Mobility Interpretation From a Multi-Isotope Hair Profile on a Traveling Individual

Forensic practitioners, archeologists, and ecologists increasingly use hair isotope profiles and isotope databases and maps to reconstruct the life history of unidentified individuals. Relationships between hair isotope profiles with travel history have been primarily investigated through controlled laboratory experiments. However, those controlled studies do not reflect the complex life history of modern individuals who often travel between multiple locations over different periods. Here, we collect one bundle of hairs from a volunteer whose primary residence is in Ottawa (Canada) but who traveled to multiple destinations over a period of 18 months. Those travels include multi-week trips to distant locations and multi-day trips to more local areas. We use multi-isotope profiles on the individual’s hairs coupled with isotope databases across the world to reconstruct travel history at sub-monthly temporal resolution. We compare the isotopic interpretation of mobility with the recorded travel history. A prominent shift in δ2H values is interpreted as a westward movement toward central Canada, which corresponds to a month-long road-trip to the Prairie. We observed a marked negative excursion in δ13C values along the hairs profile, which was related to a multi-week-long trip to several countries in Europe. Except for an exceptionally variable interval likely driven by health issues, δ15N values show very little fluctuation across the entire profile, indicating consumption of consistent amounts of animal or marine-based protein at different locations. The isotopic shifts in the proximal part of the hair reveal a clearer picture of traveling destinations than the shifts in the distal part, which have larger uncertainty in terms of timing and amplitude. Except for the last couple of months before collection, 87Sr/86Sr ratios show little variation throughout the profile likely due to recent exchange with Ottawa tap water during bathing or showering. The different 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the month preceding collection appear to partially preserve the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the volunteer’s diet. This study demonstrates the interest of using multi-isotope systems and large isotopic databases to reconstruct individual mobility. This study also underlines the challenges in linking isotope data to mobility, particularly in rapidly growing keratinous tissues.
Effects of High Carbohydrate Diet-Modulated Microbiota on Gut Health in Chinese Perch

High carbohydrate diet-induced damage in gut is linked to changes in gut permeability and microbiota. However, the mechanisms of action are not clear, especially in non-mammals. We performed the gut microbiota profiling in Chinese perch fed with different content of starch diets (0, 10, and 20%) by 16S rRNA sequencing. The gut permeability, metabolites, histological analysis, and inflammatory infiltration were evaluated. We found that gut microbial diversity, beneficial bacteria quantity, and lactic acid content were higher in C10 group than in the other groups. The lower level of gut microbial diversity was observed in C20 group, and mycoplasma was the overwhelmingly dominant species, but the butyric acid-producing bacteria and butyric acid level were significantly reduced. The gut permeability in C20 group was also increased due to the decreased mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins caused by the butyric acid deficiency and gut lipid droplets accumulation. Then a large amount of LPS penetrated into the plasma, resulting in inflammation. These results suggested that high carbohydrate diet-induced damage in gut could be attributed to the endotoxemia, permeability, and gut microbiota, especially the role of mycoplasma and butyric acid-producing bacteria. In addition, predictive functional profiling of microbial communities by PICRUSt showed that C10 group enriched pathway related to membrane transport and down-regulated the pathways related to energy, coenzyme factor and vitamin metabolism, while C20 group exhibited reversed results. These data showed that the high-carbohydrate diet reversed the beneficial changes in gut microbial metabolism resulted from the medium-carbohydrate diet, and further demonstrated that microbiota played a key role in the gut damage caused by the high-carbohydrate diet. Our findings provide a reference for the targeted regulation of gut microbiota to mitigate the damage caused by the increase in starch content in fish feed (cost saving).
Influence of Air Quality on Pro-environmental Behavior of Chinese Residents: From the Perspective of Spatial Distance

Although environmental issues have attracted public attention, there are still many people unwilling to make behavioral changes to solve the problem, which makes promoting pro-environmental behavior become an interesting research topic. This study discusses the influence of air quality on the pro-environmental behavior of Chinese residents from the perspective of spatial distance, providing a theoretical basis and practical application for improving pro-environmental behavior. Through three experiments, this study reveals that air pollution within the local spatial distance could make residents more willing to conduct pro-environmental behavior. In addition, we also find that air pollution within local spatial distance would stimulate residents’ environmental affection and promote them to conduct pro-environmental behavior. That is, environmental affection plays a mediating role in the interactive effect of air quality and spatial distance on pro-environmental behavior.
Involvement of TGF-β and Autophagy Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Biological and Pharmacological Insights

Despite recent advancements in clinical drugs, diabetes treatment still needs further progress. As such, ongoing research has attempted to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of the disorder. Specifically, evidence supports that several signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the development of diabetes. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of diabetes still need to be explored. This study examines exciting new hallmarks for the strict involvement of autophagy and TGF-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. Consequently, several therapeutic agents such as adiponectin, ezetimibe, GABA tea, geniposide, liraglutide, guava extract, and vitamin D were shown to inhibit diabetes and its complications through modulation of the autophagy pathway. Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. Subsequently, drugs that target TGF-β signaling, especially naturally derived ones such as resveratrol, puerarin, curcumin, hesperidin, and silymarin, as well as Propolis, Lycopus lucidus, and Momordica charantia extracts, may become promising alternatives to current drugs in diabetes treatment. This review provides keen insights into novel therapeutic strategies for the medical care of diabetes.
Differential Transcription and Alternative Splicing in Cotton Underly Specialized Defense Responses Against Pests

The green mirid bug (Apolygus lucorum) and the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) are both preferred to live on cotton but cause different symptoms, suggesting specialized responses of cotton to the two insects. In this study, we investigated differential molecular mechanisms underlying cotton plant defenses against A. lucorum and H. armigera via transcriptomic analyses. At the transcription level, jasmonate (JA) signaling was dominated in defense against H. armigera whereas salicylic acid (SA) signaling was more significant in defense against A. lucorum. A set of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and protease inhibitor genes were differentially induced by the two insects. Insect infestations also had an impact on alternative splicing (AS), which was altered more significantly by the H. armigera than A. lucorum. Interestingly, most differential AS (DAS) genes had no obvious change at the transcription level. GO analysis revealed that biological process termed “RNA splicing” and “cellular response to abiotic stimulus” were enriched only in DAS genes from the H. armigera infested samples. Furthermore, insect infestations induced the retained intron of GhJAZs transcripts, which produced a truncated protein lacking the intact Jas motif. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the specialized cotton response to different insects is regulated by gene transcription and AS as well.
How Having a Calling Leads to Job Crafting: A Moderated Mediation Model

This study examines the association between calling and crafting behavior by proposing a moderated mediation model. Drawing from the job crafting perspective and self-determination theory (SDT), career commitment is identified as the mediator, and occupational self-efficacy and job autonomy are identified as the moderators in the model, respectively. The authors tested the proposed relationships with an SPSS macro that utilizes a sample of 338 employees in a three-wave procedure. Results support all the hypotheses. The findings reveal calling to be significantly associated with employees’ job crafting behavior. Such a process begins with one’s career commitment and is strengthened by the level of occupational self-efficacy in the first stage as well as the level of job autonomy in the second stage, thus yielding a pattern of moderated mediation. These findings answer recent calls for an integrative examination of calling in the workplace by demonstrating that career commitment along with occupational self-efficacy and job autonomy represent key mechanisms in transferring one’s calling into job crafting behavior. As such, this study complements existing literature on the theoretical and practical implications of calling.
On the Variability of Stratification in the Freshwater-Influenced Laptev Sea Region

In this paper, we investigate the seasonal and spatial variability of stratification on the Siberian shelves with a case study from the Laptev Sea based on shipboard hydrographic measurements, year-round oceanographic mooring records from 2013 to 2014 and chemical tracer-based water mass analyses. In summer 2013, weak onshore-directed winds caused spreading of riverine waters throughout much of the eastern and central shelf. In contrast, strong southerly winds in summer 2014 diverted much of the freshwater to the northeast, which resulted in 50% less river water and significantly weaker stratification on the central shelf compared with the previous year. Our year-long records additionally emphasize the regional differences in water column structure and stratification, where the northwest location was well-mixed for 6 months and the central and northeast locations remained stratified into spring due to the lower initial surface salinities of the river-influenced water. A 26 year record of ocean reanalysis highlights the region’s interannual variability of stratification and its dependence on winds and sea ice. Prior the mid-2000s, river runoff to the perennially ice-covered central Laptev Sea shelf experienced little surface forcing and river water was maintained on the shelf. The transition toward less summer sea ice after the mid-2000s increased the ROFI’s (region of freshwater influence) exposure to summer winds. This greatly enhanced the variability in mixed layer depth, resulting in several years with well-mixed water columns as opposed to the often year-round shallow mixed layers before. The extent of the Lena River plume is critical for the region since it modulates nutrient fluxes and primary production, and further controls intermediate heat storage induced by lateral density gradients, which has implications for autumnal freeze-up and the eastern Arctic sea ice volume. MAIN POINTS 1. CTD surveys and moorings highlight the regional and temporal variations in water column stratification on the Laptev Sea shelf. 2. Summer winds increasingly control the extent of the region of freshwater influence under decreasing sea ice. 3. Further reductions in sea ice increases surface warming, heat storage, and the interannual variability in mixed layer depth.
Organic Nutrients Induced Coupled C- and P-Cycling Enzyme Activities During Microbial Growth in Forest Soils

Besides environmental and soil physical drivers, the functional properties of microbial populations, i. e. , growth rate, enzyme production, and maintenance requirements are dependent on the microbes' environment. The soil nutrition status and the quantity and quality of the substrate input, both infer different growth strategies of microorganisms. It is uncertain, how enzyme systems respond during the different phases of microbial growth and retardation in soil. The objective of this study was to uncover the changes of microbial functioning and their related enzyme systems in nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich beech forest soil during the phases of microbial growth. We determined microbial growth via kinetic approach by substrate-induced respiratory response of microorganisms, enabling the estimation of total, and growing biomass of the microbial community. To induce microbial growth we used glucose, while yeast extract simulated additional input of nutrients and factors indicating microbial residues (i.e., necromass compounds). Microbial growth on glucose showed a 12–18 h delay in associated enzyme activity increase or the absence of distinct activity responses (Vmax). β-glucosidase and chitinase (NAG) demonstrated clear differences of Vmax in time and between P-rich and P-poor soils. However, during microbial growth on glucose + yeast extract, the exponential increase in enzymatic activity was clearly stimulated accompanied by a delay of 8–12 h, smoothing the differences in nutrient-acquisition dynamics between the two soils. Furthermore, cross-correlation of β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase between the two sites demonstrated harmonized time constraints, which reflected the establishment of comparable and balanced enzymatic systems within the decomposition network. The network accelerated nutrient acquisition to maintain microbial growth, irrespective of the contrasting soil properties and initial nutrient stocks, indicating similar tradeoffs of C- and P- cycling enzymes in both soils. This reflects comparable temporal dynamics of activities in nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soil when the glucose + yeast extract was added. During lag phase and phase of exponential microbial growth, substrate turnover time of all enzymes was shortened in nutrient-poor forest soil exclusively, reflecting that the quality of the added substrate strongly matters during all stages of microbial growth in soil.