Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and Prevention of Blackhole Attack in the AOMDV Routing Protocol

Mobile ad-hoc network is a collection of dynamically organized nodes where each node acts as a host and router. Mobile ad-hoc networks are characterized by the lack of preexisting infrastructures or centralized administration. So, they are vulnerable to several types of attacks, especially the Blackhole attack. This attack is one of the most serious attacks in this kind of mobile networks. In this type of attack, the malicious node sends a false answer indicating that it has the shortest path to the destination node by increasing the sequence number and decreasing the number of hops. This will have a significant negative impact on source nodes which send their data packets through the malicious node to the destination. This malicious node drops received data packets and absorbs all network traffic. In order overcome this problem, securing routing protocols become a very important requirement in mobile ad-hoc networks. Multi-path routing protocols are among the protocols affected by the Blackhole attack. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient technique that avoids misbehavior of Blackhole nodes and facilitates the discovery for the most reliable paths for the secure transmission of data packets between communicating nodes in the well known Ad hoc On-demand multi-path routing protocol (AOMDV). Our proposed technique is implemented and simulated using the well known ns 2.35 simulator. We also compared the performance of the three routing protocols AOMDV, AOMDV under Blackhole attack (BHAOMDV) and the proposed solution to counter the Blackhole attack (IDSAOMDV). The results show the degradation of performance of AOMDV under attack, it also present similarities between normal AOMDV and the proposed solution by isolating misbehaving node which has resulted in increase the performance metrics to the standard values of the AOMDV protocol.
PREDICTION OF THE VISCOSITY OF CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS FROM A SINGLE MEASUREMENT

Abstract A generalized kinematic viscosity correlation is presented and used successfully to predict the viscosities of conventional crude oil fractions with an average absolute deviation of less than 1°. The correlation eliminates the use of physical properties and/or pseudo-critical parameters, and requires only a single viscosity measurement at 100°F and one atmosphere pressure to make a prediction
WER99 at the NTCIR-15 QA Lab-PoliInfo-2 Classification Task

In this paper, we report our method for the stance classification task of NTCIR15 QA Lab-PoliInfo-2.There are two types of stances that we need to detect: stances that are explicitly stated and those that are not stated in utterances. We designed a set of rules to recognize an explicit mention of a stance for a bill. When a party does not explicitly mention a stance, our method uses clues in the bill name to predict a stance. The method achieved the highest performance (99.75% accuracy) among the participants on the test data.
A Practical Online Framework for Extracting Running Video Summaries under a Fixed Memory Budget

We study the problem of summarizing a video stream (potentially of unbounded duration) on the ﬂy, where the summarization system must operate under a ﬁxed memory bud-get and should produce an appropriate summary of its past at each time step. This problem is motivated by applications that have access to only limited memory and compute resources (e.g., sensor networks, smart devices and phones). We approach this problem as constrained streaming maximization of a natural submodular objective function. In particular, we propose a novel feature-based submodular function for the summarization objective — this function is instantiated by deep-model-learnt features. We solve the constrained streaming maximization problem with an algo-rithm that abides by the memory budget. Our streaming algorithm, is unique in that it uses both an “adding gain” (to determine something new) and a “swapping gain” (to determine something better) relative to a current summary. Based on a time dependent F-measure method to gauge the performance of streaming summarization techniques, we demonstrate that our approach provides signiﬁcant improvement over a number of state-of-the-art baseline methods that utilize comparable resources on both the TVSum50 and SumMe data sets.
An interface to an interface to an interface

The paper relates some experiences from a recent production of orchestrating Conlon Nancarrow Piano Studies for performance on Pipe Organ. Reﬂections that surfaced during this work concerned the layered nature of interfaces, automation (and thus allusions to the diﬀerent conceptions of artiﬁcial intelligence), and leaky abstractons. This also touches on the authenticity and perception of compositions and performances involving machinic elements, as an extension of human aesthetic capabilities. The two performances in Stavanger konserhus and Nidaros Cathedral was recorded, with excerpts available at http://folk.ntnu. no/oyvinbra/Nancarrow/2019_recording/.
Natural Language Generation The State of the Art and the Concept of Ph

Computational systems use natural language for communication with humans more often in the last years. This work summarises state-of-the-art approaches in the field of generative models, especially in the text domain. It offers a complex study of specific problems known from this domain and related ones like adversarial training, reinforcement learning, artificial neural networks, etc. It also addresses the usage of these models in the context of non-generative approaches and the possibility of combining both. This work was supported by Grant No. SGS-2019-018 Processing of heterogeneous data and its specialized applications. Copies of this report are available on http://www.kiv. zcu.cz/en/research/publications/ or by surface mail on request sent to the following address: University of West Bohemia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Univerzitní 8 30614 Plzeň Czech Republic Copyright c ○ 2020 University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic
Application of nano-curcumin as a natural antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive pathogens

Gram-positive bacteria cause various diseases from the superficial skin to deep tissue infections. The capability of causing numerous diseases is due to the production of virulence factors which are tightly regulated by the virulence genes. Various Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria e.g. Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and Listeria are capable of causing lethal infections in humans and animals. Conventional antibiotics, targeted antibiotics, and combinatorial drugs are used as therapeutic agents against Gram-positive pathogens. Due to intricate virulence pathway bacteria readily adopt resistance to available drugs. Therefore, there is need to develop some alternative approaches to combat these infections. Various natural extracts are effective against pathogenic bacteria with or without the available drugs. Curcumin is a natural extract of Curcuma longas rhizome, known as turmeric. Curcumin shows various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. It also shows strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and few Gram-negative bacteria. Besides all these beneficial applications, major drawbacks of curcumin are poor aqueous solubility and less bioavailability. However, drug delivery approaches including nanoformulation are developed to increase its stability in vitro and in vivo settings. The present review article focused on the translation of potential applications of curcumin in various diseases specifically caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Various methods used for the formulations of curcumin nanoparticles, combinatorial strategies with curcumin nanoparticles and their application in the prevention of infections have been discussed. The present article also discusses the future aspects of curcumin-nanoparticles and its use as an alternative therapeutic approach against pathogens.
Making Use of New Opportunities 3 in Sri Lanka

7 end of conflict has offered new opportunities, particularly in the tourism sector. In 8 order to make use of these new opportunities, the previous government launched 9 the “Tourism Development Strategy 2011–2016” by recognizing the key role of 10 tourism that tourism can play in post-conflict development. It has been followed up 11 by the current government of Sri Lanka by launching its own “Sri Lanka Tourism 12 Strategic Plan 2017–2020”. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the nature of 13 the post-conflict tourism boom and explore new opportunities that have emerged in 14 terms of creating employment opportunities and reducing regional disparities.
Environmental Impacts of Globalization and a Solution Proposal

Natural or artificial, all the environmental components are constantly converted in line with the priorities of international capital. Balance between development and environment cannot be achieved under the unavoidable effects of globalization. Cities become consumption centers rather than production. Focusing on more earnings and savings brings about the destruction of the urban environment; it gives irreversible damages to environment. To prevent such a disaster besides legal measures, it is primarily necessary to increase people’s awareness. Environmental education is a very important tool in this movement. It will be possible to change people’s environmental perspective in a positive way with environmental education. People with high levels of environmental awareness can shed light on the solution of environmental problems. Within the scope of this theoretical study that deals with the environmental problems as a reflection of globalization, environmental education activities will be emphasized as a solution proposal.
Newsroom: A GWAP to Study Public Opinion

Public opinion is a cornerstone of modern democracy. Knowledge about the public opinion is of paramount importance for both citizens and politicians in order to be able to act in conformity with prevailing beliefs, values and morals, and to legitimize political rule. This thesis presents Newsroom, a novel opinion research tool based on the principles of citizen science. Newsroom is a "game with a purpose" (GWAP) aiming to both harness the vast amount and heterogeneity of internet users for research purposes and to provide an engaging and educational experience with current affairs and political matters. In Newsroom, players become editors of their own virtual newspapers. The objective of every Newsroom player is to research and assess diverse topics and their relevance to society in order to decide which current affairs to report on in their newspaper with the implicit goal of attracting readers. This way, players’ understanding of the public opinion is revealed and can be researched. In this thesis, the Newsroom GWAP is conceptualized, implemented as a prototype and evaluated regarding the quality of the gathered opinion data and its user experience. The results show players’ positive reception of the concept and gameplay and give a first impression of Newsroom’s strengths and potential as a research tool. Finally, an outlook on future development is given based on the findings of the conducted study.
Effect of graphene content on the properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

In the current work, the influence of temperature on the exfoliation of expandable graphite (EG) and its structural properties were investigated in detail. The EG exfoliated at 750 °C was subjected to sonication and further used as reinforcement material in the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to investigate the influence of “graphene” (GR) on the structural, morphological, thermal, optical, mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of PLA composites. X-ray diffraction results disclose the effect of sonication time on the dispersion ability of GR in the PLA matrix. A high resolution transmission electron microscopy image of GR demonstrates a monolayer structure of GR. Thermo-gravimetric analysis reveals that the Tonset value for the PLA composite with 0.5 wt% GR content increases by 6 °C over neat PLA, when 10% weight loss is taken as a point of comparison. The increase in the thermal stability of PLA composites is also verified by an increase of activation energy (Ea) value evaluated by the Coats–Redfern method. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirms that GR acts as a nucleating agent that enhances the melting point of PLA composites over neat PLA. The enhancement of tensile strength (17%) and elongation at break (51%) is obtained for PLA composites over neat PLA.
Harnessing the tunable cavity of nanoceria for enhancing Y-27632-mediated alleviation of ocular hypertension

Background: Y-27632 is a potent ophthalmic drug for the treatment of ocular hypertension, a globally prevalent eye disease. However, the sustained delivery of Y-27632 by a therapeutic carrier to lesion sites located in the inner segments of the eye for effectively treating the ocular disorder still remains challenging. Methods: To realize the goal, a strategy based on solvothermal-assisted deposition/infiltration in combination with surface modification is utilized to synthesize hollow mesoporous ceria nanoparticles (HMCNs) with tailorable shell thicknesses and drug release profiles. The shell thickness of HMCNs is rationally exploited for achieving sustained drug release and advanced therapeutic benefits. Results: The shell thickness can regulate release profiles of Y-27632, displaying that thick and thin (~40 nm and ~10 nm) shelled HMCNs reveal burst release characteristics (within 2 days) or limited drug loading content (~10% for the 40 nm thick). As a compromise, the HMCNs with moderate shell thickness (~20 nm) possess the most sustained drug release over a period of 10 days. In a rabbit model of glaucoma, a single instillation of the optimized Y-27632-loaded HMCNs can effectively treat glaucoma for 10 days via simultaneously repairing the defected cornea (recovery of ~93% ATP1A1 mRNA levels), restoring the reduced thickness of outer nuclear layer to normal (~64 µm), and restoring ~86% of the impaired photoreceptor cells. Conclusion: A comprehensive study on the importance of HMCN shell thickness in developing long-acting nano eye drops for the efficient management of glaucoma is proposed. The findings suggest a central role of nanobiomaterial structural engineering in developing the long-life eye drops for pharmacological treatment of intraocular diseases.
It Appears that Certain Aphasiacs ...

It appears that certain aphasiacs, when shown various differently coloured skeins of wool on a table top, are consistently unable to arrange them into any coherent pattern; as though that simple rectangle were unable to serve in their case as a homogeneous and neutral space in which things could be placed so as to display at the same time the continuous order of their identities or differences as well as the semantic field of their denomination. Within this simple space in which things are normally arranged and given names, the aphasiac will create a multiplicity of tiny, fragmented regions in which nameless resemblances agglutinate things into unconnected islets; in one corner, they will place the lightest-coloured skeins, in another the red ones, somewhere else those that are softest in texture, in yet another place the longest, or those that have a tinge of purple or those that have been wound up into a ball. But no sooner have they been adumbrated than all these groupings dissolve again, for the field of identity that that sustains them, however limited it may be, is still too wide not to be unstable; and so the sick mind continues to infinity, creating groups then dispersing them again, heaping up diverse similarities, destroying those that seem clearest, splitting up things that are identical, superimposing different criteria, frenziedly beginning all over again, becoming more and more disturbed, and teetering finally on the brink of anxiety.
�nal�sis o� ��P2�� �llele Frequencies and Identi�cation o� Novel SNPs and Sequence Variations in Sardinians

1 PharmaNess S.c. a r.l. , Parco Scienti�co e Tecnologico della Sardegna, �d. 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, Italy 2Unità Operativa di Cagliari, Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IFT, Parco Scienti�co e Tecnologico della Sardegna, �d. 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, Italy 3Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Laboratori di Genetica, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
Constrained Multiagent Markov Decision Processes: a Taxonomy of Problems and Algorithms

In domains such as electric vehicle charging, smart distribution grids and autonomous warehouses, multiple agents share the same resources. When planning the use of these resources, agents need to deal with the uncertainty in these domains. Although several models and algorithms for such constrained multiagent planning problems under uncertainty have been proposed in the literature, it remains unclear when which algorithm can be applied. In this survey we conceptualize these domains and establish a generic problem class based on Markov decision processes. We identify and compare the conditions under which algorithms from the planning literature for problems in this class can be applied: whether constraints are soft or hard, whether agents are continuously connected, whether the domain is fully observable, whether a constraint is momentarily (instantaneous) or on a budget, and whether the constraint is on a single resource or on multiple. Further we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms. We conclude by identifying open problems that are directly related to the conceptualized domains, as well as in adjacent research areas.
Comparative metabolomics reveals the inhibition of glutamine and pyruvic acid synthesis closely related to pepper cytoplasmic male sterile

To investigate the mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), cytological observation and metabolomics analysis of different pollen development processes were carried out. The pollen development processes were divided into five stages. Resin semi-thin section analysis indicated an abnormality of the sterile anthers started at the tetrad stage (S2); the cell of the tapetal layer was over-vacuolated. The tapetal began to degrade and lose its function. The tetrad could not get essential energy and materials which resulted in pollen abortion. Anthers of S2, and uninucleate pollen stage (S3), were selected and analyzed by non-target metabolomics. A total of 454 metabolites in S2 and S3 stages of maintainer line were detected, and 201 were annotated. For the CMS line, 459 metabolites in two stages were detected and 211 were annotated. Alanine, arginine, serine, and tryptophan were found in the two stages of maintainer line. A marked decrease of glutamine and pyruvic acid during the pollen abortion process were especially found in the pepper CMS line. The decrease of pyruvate concentration further leads to the abnormal synthesis of various kinds of amino acids and ATP which may ultimately contribute to the phenotype of the CMS line.
First-Principles Study of Structure, Elastic Properties, and Thermal Conductivity of Monolayer Calcium Hydrobromide

In recent years, some laboratories have been able to prepare calcium hydrobromide (CaHBr) by melting hydride and anhydrous bromide or metal and bromide in a hydrogen atmosphere at 900°C and have studied some of its properties. But there are few theoretical studies, especially the theoretical studies of monolayer CaHBr. We use the first-principles method to calculate the structure, elastic properties, and lattice thermal conductivity of the monolayer CaHBr based on the Boltzmann transport equation. We obtain a stable crystal structure by the optimization of monolayer CaHBr. By calculating the elastic constant of monolayer CaHBr, its mechanical stability is proved, and the elastic limit of monolayer CaHBr is obtained by biaxial tensile strain on monolayer CaHBr. And the corresponding phonon spectra show no imaginary frequency, indicating the dynamic stability of the monolayer CaHBr. By the ShengBTE code, we calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of the monolayer CaHBr, the iterative solution of BTE and RTA at 300 K–1200 K is obtained, and the lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature is κBTE ι � 2.469W/m · K and κRTA ι � 2.201W/m · K, respectively. It can be seen that the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer CaHBr is low. And by analyzing the phonon spectrum, the scattering rate, and the mean free path of the phonons, the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer CaHBrmainly depends on the acoustic modes.We hope this study can provide theoretical guidance for the experiments and practical application of monolayer CaHBr.
An Efficient Digital Space Vector PWM Module for 3-φ Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) on FPGA

The realization of digital control circuitry based PWM strategies provides many advantages. It includes better prototyping, higher switching frequency, simple hardware, and flexibility by overcoming the limitations of analog control strategies. In this article, The Digital space vector-based Pulse width Modulation ((DSV-PWM) is designed. The DSV-PWM Module includes, mainly, Xdq reference frame, Sector generation, Square root, switching time generation, Carry-save adder (CSA), and PWM Generation module. These modules are designed using simple logical operations, and combinational circuits to improve the DSV-PWM performance. The DSV-PWM Module is synthesized and implemented on a cost-effective Artix7 FPGA device. The present work utilizes a < 1% chip area, operates at 597.83 MHz of maximum frequency, and utilizes 110mW of total power on FPGA Device. The DSV-PWM module is also compared with the existing SV-PWM approach with better improvement in hardware constraints like chip area, operating frequency, and dynamic power (mW). Keywords—Digital space vector PWM; 3-phase voltage source inverter; sector generation module; switching time generation; FPGA; Verilog-HDL; Xilinx
A Bayesian Interpretation of the Light Gated Recurrent Unit

We summarise previous work showing that the basic sigmoid activation function arises as an instance of Bayes’s theorem, and that recurrence follows from the prior. We derive a layerwise recurrence without the assumptions of previous work, and show that it leads to a standard recurrence with modest modifications to reflect use of log-probabilities. The resulting architecture closely resembles the Li-GRU which is the current state of the art for ASR. Although the contribution is mainly theoretical, we show that it is able to outperform the state of the art on the TIMIT and AMI datasets.
Automatic Piano Sheet Music Transcription with Machine Learning

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) is becoming more and more popular throughout the day, it has piqued the interest of many in addition to academic research. A successful AMT system would be able to bridge multiple ranges of interactions between people and music, including music education. The goal of this research is to transcribe an audio input to music notation. Research methods were conducted by training multiple neural networks architectures in different kinds of cases. The evaluation used two approaches, those were objective evaluation and subjective evaluation. The result of this research was an achievement of 74.80% F1 score and 73.3% out of 30 respondents claimed that Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) has the best result. It could be concluded that BiLSTM is the best architecture suited for automatic music transcription.