Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torsional Buckling of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper is concerned with the torsional buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT). A double-cylindrical shell continuum model is presented for the torsional buckling analysis and this model takes into consideration the effects of the van der Waals forces between the inner and outer nanotubes. The critical torques of DWCNT with different diameters were obtained using the continuum shell model and they were found to be comparable to the results furnished by molecular dynamics simulations. INTRODUCTION In the open literature, one finds many papers written on the buckling analysis of CNTs under axial compression by using either continuum mechanics (beam and cylindrical shell) models or molecular dynamics simulations (see literature survey paper by Wang et al. 2007). However, relatively few papers have been published on the torsional buckling of CNTs, for example the paper by Yao and Han (2006). It is well-known that carbon nanotubes can be used as torsional springs in resonators or rotational bearings in actuators. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the torsional buckling behaviours of CNTs. There exist three primary methods for determining the torsional buckling behaviour of CNTs, namely, the experimental approach, the atomistic simulations method and the continuum mechanics method. Conducting experiments on CNTs remain a great challenge and the cost is still expensive. As for the atomistic simulations, intensive computing is required for a large system comprising thousands of atoms. As for the continuum mechanics models, the computational effort is relatively easy and their applicability for CNTs was confirmed by Yakobson et al. (1996) by comparing the results with those obtained from molecular dynamics simulation and experiments. Since then, researchers have resorted to the continuum mechanics models for solution. In the last few decades, one can observe many proposed continuum shell models, beam models and space truss/frame models for the analysis of CNTs (Batra and Sears, 2007). The objective of this paper is to present a double-cylindrical shell model for the torsional buckling analysis of DWCNTs. In the double-shell model, the inner and outer tubes in the DWCNTs are treated as thin cylindrical shells and the shells are connected by lateral (Winkler) springs to simulate the van der Waals interactions. The critical torques of the DWCNTs are calculated and compared with those obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The two sets of results have been found to be within 2 several percentages difference, indicating the reasonable validity of the continuum shell models for the torsional buckling analysis of CNTs. ELASTIC CYLINDRICAL SHELL MODEL A cylindrical shell with a radius r, thickness h, Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratio v has been shown to be able to simulate the bending and torsional behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotubes (Yakobson et al., 1996). Based on Donnell’s Shell Theory (1976), the equilibrium equation in the radial direction is given by:
Towards the validation of SeaWiFS in Southern African Waters: The effects of Gelbstoff

The effective application of future ocean colour data for southern African waters requires an in-depth assessment of bio-optical algorithm performance, given the productive and highly variable nature of the oceanographic region. Phytoplankton degradation products, commonly known as gelbstoff, represent a large potential error source to future remotely sensed chlorophyll data, particularly in highly productive regions, where there can be a dramatic lack of covariance between phytoplankton and gelbstoff concentrations. Data relevant to gelbstoff character in the Agulhas Bank and southern Benguela systems are examined to assess the variability of gelbstoff chromophoric structure in these regions. These take the form of gelbstoff absorption spectra, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices, performed on filtered seawater samples. Modelled bio-optical data, using conditions typical of high biomass marine environments, are then used to assess the performance of a proposed SeaWiFS combined algorithm with respect to variations in the magnitude and nature of gelbstoff absorption. It is shown that expected algorithm performance can be poor in bloom type scenarios, and that an appreciation of algorithm application is needed for effective interpretation of ocean colour imagery.
Dynamic Surface Control for the Reduction of Torsional Vibrations in a Scaled Experimental Drillstring Setup

The Torsional oscillations that occur during drilling are detrimental to the life of the drill string and reduce the rate of penetration of the operation. To study the dynamics of drill string and evaluate the controller performance scaled test rigs for drilling are used to circumvent the problem of accessibility to reliable downhole information in a real drill string. In this work a dynamic sliding surface controller is implemented for a scaled drilling test rig. The experimental results show that the controller is able to reduce both low frequency and high frequency torsional oscillations.
Correlation of Subjective Self-reported Melanoma Growth Rate With Objective Tumor Proliferation Markers

poor image quality were excluded. The first 50 goodquality images in each category were included. These lesions were different from the ones in our group’s prior study. The evaluators were 2 dermatology residents with less than 1.2 years of dermoscopic experience who had not participated in our group’s prior study. One had taken two 1-day dermoscopy courses, and the other had spent 2 months studying with Scott W. Menzies, MD. They had no other specific dermoscopic training. The evaluators independently reviewed the paired clinical and dermoscopic images of the selected 150 lesions using 4 different dermoscopic algorithms in no particular order: CASH, ABCD, the Menzies method, and the 7-point checklist. Details of these algorithms can be found elsewhere. Both investigators were blinded to the diagnoses. The outcome variable in this study was dichotomous (benign melanocytic nevus or malignant melanoma) for each study lesion. The sensitivities and specificities were calculated for each algorithm and were compared with those of CASH. The sensitivities of all 4 algorithms ranged from 76% for the 7-point checklist to 92% for the Menzies method (Table). None showed a statistically significant difference compared with CASH. The sensitivity of CASH was similar to that of ABCD (87% vs 86%). However, CASH showed a significantly higher specificity than the Menzies method and the 7-point checklist. The CASH and ABCD algorithms did not have statistically significant different specificities. As CASH and ABCD have higher specificities than the other two algorithms, they would be less likely to result in unnecessary biopsies.
Natural Language Generation for Polysynthetic Languages: Language Teaching and Learning Software for Kanyen’kéha (Mohawk)

Kanyen’kéha (in English, Mohawk) is an Iroquoian language spoken primarily in Eastern Canada (Ontario, Québec). Classified as endangered, it has only a small number of speakers and very few younger native speakers. Consequently, teachers and courses, teaching materials and software are urgently needed. In the case of software, the polysynthetic nature of Kanyen’kéha means that the number of possible combinations grows exponentially and soon surpasses attempts to capture variant forms by hand. It is in this context that we describe an attempt to produce language teaching materials based on a generative approach. A natural language generation environment (ivi/Vinci) embedded in a web environment (VinciLingua) makes it possible to produce, by rule, variant forms of indefinite complexity. These may be used as models to explore, or as materials to which learners respond. Generated materials may take the form of written text, oral utterances, or images; responses may be typed on a keyboard, gestural (using a mouse) or, to a limited extent, oral. The software also provides complex orthographic, morphological and syntactic analysis of learner productions. We describe the trajectory of development of materials for a suite of four courses on Kanyen’kéha, the first of which will be taught in the fall of 2018.
Performance enhancement and continuous improvement in Healthcare: how Lean Six Sigma ‘hits the target

This article explores the potentials of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in Healthcare, presenting and discussing one case study developed adopting an action research approach. The article aims are threefold: a) evaluate performance improvement in the Healthcare institution under analysis; b) discuss the potentialities of LSS tools and principles when applied to Healthcare organizations; c) highlight the factors enabling a LSS intervention in a Healthcare setting. The expected results are multifaceted. First, improvements are anticipated to relate to the performance of professionals in terms of increased efficiency, as well as to cost savings and time reductions in providing care services. Second, the case study underlines that Healthcare institutions would greatly benefit from a combined use of Lean and Six Sigma. Third, the case study is presented as a successful implementation of LSS due to a few key factors: institutional leadership, communication, personnel training, and employee empowerment.
User Behavior Map: Visual Exploration for Cyber Security Session Data

User behavior analysis is complex and especially crucial in the cyber security domain. Understanding dynamic and multi-variate user behavior are challenging. Traditional sequential and timeline based method cannot easily address the complexity of temporal and relational features of user behaviors. We propose a map-based visual metaphor and create an interactive map for encoding user behaviors. It enables analysts to explore and identify user behavior patterns and helps them to understand why some behaviors are regarded as anomalous. We experiment with a real dataset containing multiple user sessions, consisting of sequences of diverse types of actions. In the behavior map, we encode an action as a city and user sessions as trajectories going through the cities. The position of the cities is determined by the sequential and temporal relationship of actions. Spatial and temporal patterns on the map reflect behavior patterns in the action space. In the case study, we illustrate how we explore relationships between actions, identify patterns of the typical session and detect anomaly behaviors.
Localization in spin chains with facilitation constraints and disordered interactions

Quantum many-body systems with kinetic constraints exhibit intriguing relaxation dynamics. Recent experimental progress in the field of cold atomic gases offers a handle for probing collective behavior of such systems, in particular for understanding the interplay between constraints and disorder. Here we explore a spin chain with facilitation constraints --- a feature which is often used to model classical glass formers --- together with disorder that originates from spin-spin interactions. The specific model we study, which is realized in a natural fashion in Rydberg quantum simulators, maps onto an XX-chain with non-local disorder. Our study shows that the combination of constraints and seemingly unconventional disorder may lead to interesting non-equilibrium behaviour in experimentally relevant setups.
The Velocity Effect on GEDEM Measurements

Gait Evaluation Differential Entropy Measure (GEDEM) [1] is a new quantitative approach to evaluating the condition of a subject by monitoring the acceleration [2][3]. The approach is capable to identify medical conditions [2, 3] and is also not dependent on age, weight, height or BMI. The initial studies [4][5][6] required the walking on the ground along a straight line for 20-30 seconds. Due to the promising results of the method, work is currently carried out on a treadmill. The treadmill alleviates the constraint of long corridors, and additionally offers better control on the gait velocity, minimum deviation in the coronal plane, and less variability in the GEDEM values [7, 8]. This work investigates the relationship between the gait velocity and the GEDEM. The gait velocity is a measurement parameter that influences the gait acceleration spectrum and therefore it is expected to influence GEDEM values.
Marine organisms as biomonitors

Biomonitors are organisms mostly used for the quantitative determination of contaminants in the environment (see Chapter 1). The present chapter discusses mainly the employment of seaweeds, sea phanerogams and molluscs as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination, since they are the organisms of choice in most of the programmes of biological monitoring of coastal marine waters (see Water Framework Directive 2000/60 EC (WFD) [1]). Bioindicators provide an integrated view of the presence of micropollutants, and in the aquatic environment they respond only to the fraction presenting a clear ecotoxicological relevance (see Chapter 1). Among the different methodological approaches of biological monitoring of a marine ecosystem, the approach based on the bioaccumulation capacity of some chemical species, as for instance trace metals, is among the most important. This capacity is particularly present among macroalgae, sea phanerogams, molluscs, oysters, etc. These organisms can be proposed as possible bioindicators when the presence of a direct correlation between internal and environmental levels of the various metals has been verified [2]. Therefore, the chemical analysis of the tissues of such organisms represents a method for measuring the integrated bioavailability of trace metals in the marine environment over time, given their remarkable bioconcentration capacity [3–5]. Comparing the levels of metals in the organisms collected at different sites is a very useful way to gather information on the biologically available levels of inorganic contaminants in the areas under study. In general, micro and macroalgae, marine phanerogams, mussels, oysters, tellinid bivalves, polychaets and crustaceans are some of the organisms used as bioindicators of marine ecosystems [4]. Marine organisms can accumulate contaminants present in solution and in the particulate material, thus determining a variation in the level of bioaccumulation depending on the trophic level occupied. Some marine invertebrates can take contaminants from the particulate material of the sediment, especially when their physico-chemical conditions are being altered. Algae and phanerogams take contaminants in solutions and many herbivorous crustaceans reflect their concentrations. Therefore, in order to have a full picture of the bioavailability of the various pollutants of water ecosystems, it is necessary to use several kinds of WITPress_BMTA_ch004. qxd 11/26/2007 17:00 Page 81
Purification and genomic analysis of baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) of Penaeus monodon

The causative viral agent was purified from diseased shrimp Penaeus monodon with white spot syndrome. Negatively stained preparations show that the virus is pleiomorphic. It is fusiform or rod-shaped. In negatively stained preparations, the virion measures 70 to 150 nm at its broadest point and is 250 to 380 nm long. In some virions, a tail-like projection extends from one end. The capsid is apparently composed of rings of subunits in a stacked series. The rings are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the capsid. The genome of the virus is a double-stranded DNA molecule which produces at least 22 Hind 111 fragments. The full length of the DNA is estimated to be longer than 150 kbp. Based on the morphological characteristics and genomic structures of the virus, we confirm that white spot syndrome associated virus (MJSSV) is a member of genus NOB (Non-Occluded Baculovirus) of the subfamily Nudibaculovirinae of Baculoviridae, name the present isolate PmNOBIII, and propose the use of WSBV (Baculovirus associated with White Spot syndrome) to indicate PmNOBIII related agents.
Kinetic Modelling in Human Brain Imaging

Kinetic modelling is an important tool in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) which enables us to study the kinetics of tracers. Two important applications of this technique are its use in drug development and in the study of the neurochemistry of the brain. A major issue that we encounter when using kinetic modelling is the selection of the model and understanding its limits and pitfalls. Furthermore, the acquisition, reconstruction and processing of PET data also affects the kinetic modelling thereof. Therefore, we define the following three main objectives for the reader of this chapter:
Lesson Learnt from Designing Self-Adaptive Systems with MUSA

Designing and developing complex self-adaptive systems require design processes having specific features fitting and representing the complexity of these systems. Changing requirements, users’ needs and dynamic environment have to be taken in consideration, also considering that because of the self-adaptive nature of the system, the solution is not fixed at design time but it is a runtime outcome. A new design process paradigm is needed to design such systems. In this paper, we present a retrospective analysis based on the results of three projects developed in the last five years with the middleware MUSA in order to identify specific features of the design process for supporting continuos change and self-adaptation.
Tissue Engineered Cartilage Constructs for Cartilage Regeneration

Cartilage is a unique tissue with structures specifically designed for its intended functions. It is a vascular, aneural and alymphatics, thus severely limiting its self repairing capabilities. Current treatment options are insufficient in treatment of cartilage diseases. Therefore, researchers are exploring the use of tissue engineered cartilage constructs to treat cartilage diseases and for cartilage regeneration. However, a good cartilage construct should have some prerequisite requirements, and physical architectures such as pore size, distribution, geometry, pore interconnectivity and porosity can determine feasibility of construct. In addition, advancement in biomaterials development and biofabrication techniques have enabled biofabrication of more complex constructs that are able to better mimic native cartilages. Current ideal physical architectures of cartilage constructs, commonly used biomaterials and synthetic materials and several biofabrication techniques are reviewed in this review. In addition, current problems faced in cartilage biofabricated are also highlighted in this review.
The effect of risk elements in soil to nitric oxide metabolism in tobacco plants.

We studied changes of endogenous nitric oxide content (NO) and of reactive nitrogen species metabolism in transgenic tobacco with prolonged life span (SAG) and in wild tobacco (WT) cultivated in the control and in the polluted soil. There was no difference in the metal accumulation between WT and SAG plants however SAG ones showed better ability to cope with risk elements, as they retained higher membrane stability index and chlorophyll content together with better photochemical efficiency and lower deepoxidation status. Risk elements induced higher NO production in the youngest leaves of both plant types. Low and middle leaves of both WT and SAG plants showed similar activities of nitrate reductase and nitrosoglutathione reductase. Increase of nitrotyrosine content in leaf soluble proteins suggests that risk elements induced nitrosative stress in both plant types.
RAPID IN VITRO SELECTION OF SALT-TOLERANT GENOTYPES OF THE POTENTIALLY MEDICINAL PLANT CENTAURIUM MARITIMUM (L.) FRITSCH

We investigated differences of salinity tolerance between "salt-tolerant" (ST) and "salt-sensitive" (SS) genotypes of yellow centaury (Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch) selected during the germination phase. The ability of in vitro cultured C. maritimum to complete the whole ontogenetic cycle in less than 6 months enabled us to deterine salinity tolerance during different growth phases. Based on the physiological attributes measured in this study (growth, morphogenesis, photosynthesis, flowering, seed germination), it can be concluded that C. maritimum genotypes differing in salinity tolerance showed a variable response to elevated salt concentrations during both the vegetative and the generative growth phase.
Enhanced local-type inflationary trispectrum from a non-vacuum initial state

We compute the primordial trispectrum for curvature perturbations produced during cosmic inflation in models with standard kinetic terms, when the initial quantum state is not necessarily the vacuum state. The presence of initial perturbations enhances the trispectrum amplitude for configuration in which one of the momenta, say k3, is much smaller than the others, k3 << k1,2,4. For those squeezed configurations the trispectrum acquires the so-called local form, with a scale dependent amplitude that can get values of order ϵ(k1/k3)2. This amplitude could be larger than the prediction of the so-called Maldacena consistency relation by a factor as large as 106, and could reach the sensitivity of forthcoming observations, even for single-field inflationary models.
Correlation-robust mechanism design

In this letter, we discuss the correlation-robust framework proposed by Carroll [Econometrica 2017] and our new development [SODA 2018]. Consider a monopolist seller that has n heterogeneous items to sell to a single buyer with the objective of maximizing the seller's revenue. In the correlation-robust framework, the seller only knows marginal distribution of each item but has no information about the correlation across different items in the joint distribution. Any mechanism is then evaluated according to its expected profit in the worst-case over all possible joint distributions with the given marginal distributions. Carroll's main result states that when the buyer's value for any set of her items is the sum of the values of individual items in the set, the optimal correlation-robust mechanism should sell items separately. We extend this result to the case where the buyer has a budget constraint on her total payment. Namely, we show that the optimal robust mechanism splits the total budget in a fixed way across different items independent of the bids, and then sells each item separately with a per item budget constraint. We highlight an alternative approach via a dual Linear Programming formulation for the optimal correlation-robust mechanism design problem. This LP can be used to compute optimal mechanisms in general (other than additive) settings. It also yields an alternative proof for the additive monopoly problem without constructing the worst-case distribution and allows us to extend the proof to the budget setting.