Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and clinical presentation of patients with melioidoisis at the District General Hospital, Chilaw

Background : Melioidosis is emerging in Sri Lanka. Clinical presentation is variable. Underlying risk factors include diabetes. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of patients with culture confirmed melioidosis presenting to the District General Hospital, Chilaw between 2014-2017. Method: Melioidosis was diagnosed in the microbiology laboratory by culture of Burkholderia pseudomallei from patients’ specimens. Isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibodies were detected using the Indirect Haemagglutination Assay (IHA). Epidemiological data were collected from patients using a questionnaire. Results: Culture positive melioidosis was found in 15 patients. Melioidosis was more common in males and in adults. Clinical presentation was variable. Diabetes was the most important underlying risk factor. The case fatality rate was 40%. Conclusions: This case series demonstrates that melioidosis is endemic in the North Western Province and is an important cause of community acquired infection.
Outcome of Locally Delivered Antibiotics via Bone Cement in Infective Nonunion, Chronic Osteomyelitis and Joint infections, A Case Series

Objective: To determine the outcome of locally delivered antibiotics via bone cements in infective non-union, chronic osteomyelitis and joint infections Methods: The study was conducted between January 2016 to June 2017. Patient with chronic osteomyelitis and infective non-union of long bones were chosen. Debribement / sequestrectomy and antibiotics beads placement was done in chronic osteomyelitis. In selected cases antibiotic, coated nail was put and in arthroplasties, antibiotic was added to spacer as prophylaxis to infection. The infected bone was scraped out leaving an opening in the bone. The antibiotic beads were then packed into the opening and the wound was closed for 4-5 weeks when they were removed. Bone was fixed in case of instability, when there were no signs of infections per operatively. Results: Twenty-seven (90%) out of 30 patients showed no signs of recurrence of osteomyelitis at the mean of 15 months follow up. Infection subsided in 2 out of remaining 3 patients, with re- debridement and beads and 1 patient did not show any sign of improvement even after second procedure. No significant complication was noted during the study. Conclusion: Antibiotics loaded Beads in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis are safe and effective. Its advantages include lower cost, low systemic effects of the drug, shorter hospital stay and high concentrations of antibiotics at the site of infection.
Expression of Foxp3 and Rorc Genes in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Impact in the Development of Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Citation: Cabral CMV, Braga WMT, Arantes AM, de Oliveira JSR, Colleoni GWB, et al. (2018) Expression of Foxp3 and Rorc Genes in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Impact in the Development of Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Int J Blood Res Disord 5:032. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5696/1410032 Accepted: September 05, 2018: Published: September 07, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Cabral CMV, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Study of Thyroid Function Abnormalities in Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients

BACKGROUND: There has been a significant increase in number of HIV patients in India. Endocrinal involvement is common in these patients especially involvement of thyroid in the form of subclinical hypothyroidism in various studies. There is little data on abnormalities of thyroid function tests in newly diagnosed HIV patients and only few studies undertaken in India and hence this study is done OBJECTIVES: (1) To study thyroid function abnormalities in newly diagnosed HIV patients. (2) To find out relation between thyroid function abnormalities and severity of illness in HIV infected patients. METHODS: Fifty patients who are diagnosed to have HIV infection according to National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) March 2007, who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria who attend Coimbatore Medical College Hospital from september 2013 to february 2014 were included with consent. Data was collected by using pre-tested proforma meeting the objectives of the study. All enrolled patients were investigated for total T3, total T4, TSH. It was compared with HIV status, CD4 count and WHO clinical stage of HIV disease Of the 50 HIV patients, mean age was 38.84±8.34 years with 29 males. Of Thyroid dysfunction 60% were females. 62% -euthyroid, 38% -thyroid dysfunction; of them 20 % had subclinical hypothyroidism, 12% - hypothyroidism, 2% - hyperthyroidism and 4%-sick euthyroidism. 57.89% of thyroid dysfunction patients had CD4 count <200 / =L p value 0.023 ODDS RATIO-. 253 ( CI-.075-.853). 46.67 % of WHO clinical stage 3 and 64.3 % of stage 4 patients had thyroid dysfunction and chi square value 10.025, p value 0.018. 57.89% of those with thyroid dysfunction had hemoglobin less than 9 g/dl p value- 0.003. CONCLUSION: There is significant association between age and thyroid dysfunction and gender had no statistical association with thyroid abnormalities in HIV patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism is the commonest thyroid dysfunction in newly diagnosed HIV. Thyroid dysfunction increases when CD4 count is <200/=L and WHO clinical stages 3 or 4. Hemoglobin <9 g/dl and pallor is associated with thyroid dysfunction. Hence thyroid function screening may be done in newly diagnosed HIV patients with – CD4 <200/ =L or WHO clinical stage 3 or 4 or if patient has hemoglobin <9 g/dl or pallor. This screening helps in early recognition of thyroid abnormalities before antiretroviral therapy initiation as these drugs themselves induce thyroid dysfunction.
Supraglottic Airway Devices: A Knock of Future

Supraglottic airway devices (SGAs) have become an important part of anesthesia management. They comprise of varied group of medical devices inserted through mouth for achieving oxygenation, ventilation as well as conduit for intubation in both elective and emergency situations. These have an advantage of being more definitive airway compared to facemask and less invasive than end tracheal intubation. The newer generation devices with improved safety features have almost replaced the golden era of endo tracheal tube in certain cases. Several SGAs have many distinctive features that are time tested in various difficult scenarios, which has led to an array of newer armamentarium in the kit of anesthetist for its selection in distress. This demands the knowledge of their specificities and since new devices are always being introduced, continuous learning is paramount. This review highlights the new era of supraglottic devices along with describing certain routinely used SGAs in clinical practice.
Patients with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Exhibit Altered Shoulder Rotator Muscles Eccentric and Concentric Peak Torque

Background: Current conservative management of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) involves generic strengthening exercises, especially for internal (IR) and external (ER) shoulder rotators. So far, no study has directly investigated the difference in muscle strength between patients with SIS and normal subjects. Accordingly, the purpose of the current study was to compare the shoulder rotator muscles eccentric and concentric peak torque in patients with SIS and normal subjects. Methods: This study was a cross sectional research. Twenty-four patients with SIS (23.33±2.47 Years) and 24 normal subjects (22.83±2.15 Years), matched for hand dominance and physical activity level, completed isokinetic shoulder IR and ER testing. Within the SIS group, 18 patients had the symptoms in their dominant and 6 patients in their non-dominant side. The IR and ER strengths of both sides were measured separately using continuous reciprocal concentric and eccentric contraction cycles at speeds of 60 and 120 degrees per second, respectively. The values of peak torque were compared using independent t-tests between the SIS and normal groups. Results: Significantly lower concentric ER peak torque at 120 o/second (p = 0.016), eccentric ER peak torque at 60 o/second (p = 0.022), eccentric ER peak torque at 120 o/second (p = 0.043), and eccentric IR peak torque at 60 o/second (p = 0.036) and 120 o/second (p = 0.040) were identified in the symptomatic SIS group dominant shoulder compared to the control group dominant shoulder. Conclusion: Changes in eccentric and concentric peak torque in SIS group may be related to the limb dominancy, which may have clinical implications for strengthening regimes. Therefore, clinicians’ and therapeutic exercise expertise may benefit from eccentric isokinetic exercises for shoulder IR and ER rotators in order to design a treatment plan for patients with SIS.
PATHWAY PROFILING IDENTIFIES MECHANISMS OF ADIPOSE DEPOSITION IN DOMESTIC CHICKENS

Domestic broiler chickens rapidly accumulate adipose tissue due to intensive genetic selection for rapid growth and are naturally hyperglycemic and insulin resistant, making them an attractive addition to the suite of rodent models used for studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Furthermore, chicken adipose tissue is considered as poorly sensitive to insulin and lipolysis is under glucagon control. Excessive fat accumulation is also an economic and environmental concern for the broiler industry due to the loss of feed efficiency and excessive nitrogen wasting, as well as a negative trait for consumers who are increasingly conscious of dietary fat intake. Understanding the control of avian adipose tissue metabolism would both enhance the utility of chicken as a model organism for human obesity and insulin resistance and highlight new approaches to reduce fat deposition in commercial chickens. We combined transcriptomics and metabolomics to characterize the response of chicken adipose tissue to two energy manipulations, fasting and insulin deprivation in the fed state. Sixteen to 17 day-old
Artificial intelligence in cardiology : applications, benefits and challenges

Evidently, the potential benefits of AI in cardiology are enormous. However, such benefits are not without challenges. First, there are clear benefits for improving work productivity. There are currently fewer physicians to care for an ever - increasing aging population (WHO 2016). AI can support, rather than replace physicians, generating time - and cost - saving benefits for them and their patients and enabling more compassionate and thorough interactions. However, as more tasks become automated, there are possibilities that fewer physicians will be required to work or that fewer will do so on a full - time basis, since many tasks could be delivered through platforms by part-time, freelancer physicians. This may impact the relationship between patients, physicians and administrative staff in healthcare systems.
Age at Menarche among the School Going Children of Jorpati, Kathmandu

Background and objectives: The present study was conducted to explore the mean age at menarche and associating factors among the Nepali school girls of Jorpati, Kathmandu. Materials and methods: The 500 girls of aged between 9-18 years were collected from the seven school of Gokarneshowr Municipality, Jorpati, Kathmandu after taking ethical clearance from NHRC. The healthy girls without any growth-related disorders and genetic abnormalities were included in the study. The consent was taken from the school authority and individual student by providing written consent and ascent form. The data thus collected were tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS 16. Results: The age at menarche of the respondents was 12.56 ±1.12years and menarchial age varied from 9-16 years. Similarly, the mean age at menarche of sisters and mothers were 12.96 ± 1.25 and 14.30 ± 1.58 respectively. The mean age at menarche of vegetarian group was 12.42 years as compared to non-vegetarian was 12.58 years. The lowest mean age at menarche was in Newar (12.30 years) and highest mean age at menarche in Limbu (13.33years). Followed by age at menarche in Brahmin (12.58 years), Chhetri (12.74 years), Rai (12.60 years), Lama (12.43 years), Gurung (12.66 years) and others (12.56 years). Conclusions: There was decrease in age at menarche with successive generation as a result of increase in urbanization, better dwelling and smaller family size as compared to previous generation.
Effects of Tramadol Addiction on Brain of Adult Male Albino Rats and Role of lofexidine during Withdrawal Period: A Biochemical, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study

Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain, becoming abused more popular among teens in most countries. In addition to the euphoric and mood-enhancing effects sought by tramadol abusers, taking this drug for nonmedical purposes, abusing tramadol can lead to tolerance and dependence. Abusers who continue to take tramadol long enough and at high enough doses will eventually develop a physical dependence on the drug and experience unpleasant, or even dangerous, symptoms of withdrawal if they stop taking the medication. Objective: To study the biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of repeated administration of tramadol on the brain cells of male albino rats and role of duration of addiction in the damaging effects produced, and to prove if there is a role for lofexidine in the treatment of tramadol addiction in withdrawal period and detect the changes after recovery period and withdrawal of tramadol . Materials and methods: 100 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into equal 5groups: Group I: (20 rats) Control group: including those given normal feeding. Group II: (20 rats) Tramadol treated group for one month. Group III: (20 rats) Tramadol treated group for 2 months. Group IV: (20 rats) Tramadol treated for one month then given lofexidine for another month during withdrawal. Group V: (20 rats) Tramadol treated for one month and left for another month for recovery. Animals were observed for any behavioral changes throughout the research and recorded. At the end of the experiment animals were scarified by cervical dislocation under inhalation anesthesia, autopsy was done and the brain specimens were obtained, prepared for biochemical study for dopamine level and others preserved for histopathological and immunohistochemical study with their specific procedures. Results: Repeated Tramadol administration resulted in rats behavioral changes( restlessness, irritability defensive aggressive reactions) and produced decreased dopamine levels and significant brain damage in the histopathological and immunohistochemical study that increased with increased period of intake (The maximum damage was recorded in group III with two months tramadol administration, varying degrees of recovery after stoppage of intake were noted in Group V and more improvement by Lofexidine treatment in Group IV). Conclusions: Repeated Tramadol administration causes degenerative changes on the rat brain which increased with increasing the period of this administration. Some improvement was detected after stoppage and more improvement with Lofexidine treatment in withdrawal period.
Addressing Communications Campaign Development Challenges to Reduce Stunting in Indonesia

One in four children under 5 years of age in the developing world are stunted (chronically malnourished). Reducing stunting can be a challenge, especially in populous countries where families are dispersed, as is the case in Indonesia. This paper describes how one government project (Indonesia’s National Nutrition Communication Campaign [NNCC]) delivered effective behavior change communications interventions that reached 40 million people. This paper focuses on four challenges that nutrition campaigns often face and provides useful lessons for similar campaigns, based on the experience of NNCC, which include the following: 1) Fully engaging stakeholders at all levels in campaign design and implementation ensured broad-based support for stunting reduction efforts; 2) Pro-actively involving journalists in nutrition campaigns improved public opinion about stunting and positively influenced decision-making in policy formulation; 3) Use of humorous public service announcements with limited technical information was effective in engaging priority populations; and 4) Social media (YouTube ads, web advertorials, Facebook pages, Twitter, Instagram) extended the campaign’s reach and reinforced messaging from other sources. Based on NNCC’s experience, specific recommendations are provided.
Psychometric evaluation of the Perinatal Illness Perceptions Scale (PIPS)

Purpose Perinatal mental health (PMH) is acknowledged as a significant public health issue associated with significant personal, family, social and economic burden. Research demonstrates that healthcare practitioners lack knowledge and confidence in this area but there is likely to be a complexity of factors that may influence practitioner behaviours, including negative attitudes towards people with mental health and inaccurate illness perceptions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perinatal Illness Perceptions Scale (PIPS), a conceptual derivation of the Illness Perception Questionnaire – Revised. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional and exploratory instrument development design, using exploratory factor analysis, was employed. Findings The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties revealing three sub-scales: causes, consequences (mother); consequences (baby). Originality/value The findings implicate the PIPS as the first robust psychometric measure, which can be used to in the assessment of practitioner knowledge of the causes and consequences of PMH. The PIPS could offer the opportunity to assess these domains within both educational and training context and identify practitioner attitudes which may affect clinical decision making and referral decisions.
Person-centred care in the physiotherapeutic management of long-term conditions: a critical review of components, barriers and facilitators

This is a pre-copyedited, peer-reviewed version of the following article Dukhu, S. , Purcell, C. & Bulley, C. (2018) Person-centred care in the physiotherapeutic management of long-term conditions: a critical review of components, barriers and facilitators. International Practice Development Journal, 8 (2), [Article 2], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.19043/ipdj.82. 002 in the International Journal of Practice Development.
Guidelines for adjuvant therapy in Gall Bladder and Bile duct carcinomas

Biliary tract cancers are rare cancers that arise from epithelial lining of gallbladder and bile ducts. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and accounts for two thirds of the cases, whereas bile duct cancer accounts for the remaining one-third. Although anatomically these malignancies are related and have similar metastatic patterns, each has a distinct clinical presentation, molecular pathology, and prognosis. Radical surgery offers the only chance of cure, given their proximity to the complex anatomy of porta hepatis, only one third of cases at presentation are resectable, after radical resection relapse is often very frequent. Pattern of recurrence is typically local, although first relapse at a distant site is not uncommon. With high rates of relapse, strategy aimed at optimizing local control with postoperative radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy or optimizing systemic recurrence with chemotherapy have potential to improve treatment outcomes. Evidence for use of adjuvant therapy for these rare tumors is fragmentary and has not been evaluated in prospective randomised controlled trials. On basis of uncontrolled institutional series and registry analyses adjuvant approach is favoured and used in up to 70% of centres worldwide. However there is lack of consensus regarding optimal use of post operative therapy, in the present article we review and present pertinent data for use of adjuvant radiotherapy, chemo-radiotherapy and chemotherapy for intrahepatic, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and carcinoma of the gall bladder and propose guidelines for use of adjuvant therapy based upon retrospective data.
Feasibility, Safety, and Follow-up Angiographic Results of Endovascular Treatment for Non-Selected Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Under Local Anesthesia with Conscious Sedation

Department of Neurology and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan; Deaprment of Neurology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon; Department of Neurosurgery, MH Yeonse Hospital, Changwon; Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of medicine, Yangsan; Department of Radiology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
First record of the red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Peru.

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