Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Check Points against Privacy Breaches in Android Applications

Summary The risk of privacy breaches by malicious programs has been increasing, and these programs have used more elaborate techniques to circumvent detection. Attacks using a collaboration of applications are especially difficult to find since distinct applications obtain privacy-sensitive data and send the data to the outside. Current mobile platforms have a security enforcement mechanism based on a sandbox to prevent direct data sharing between applications. Furthermore, several schemes have been proposed to improve the security against the attacks caused by two or more applications that communicate with each other. However, these schemes cannot monitor all the possible data-sharing methods. A security analysis that covers a wider range of possible data-sharing methods between applications is required for protecting leakage of privacy-sensitive information. In this paper, we present a detailed manual analysis regarding a wider range of possible methods for sharing data in the Android OS, and show how to detect actual privacy breaches using existing frameworks. Our analysis contributes to the enhancement for the security of the Android OS.
YSO jets in the Galactic Plane from UWISH2: V - Jets and Outflows in M17

Jets and outflows are the first signposts of stellar birth. Emission in the H2 1–0? S(1) line at 2.122-? m is a powerful tracer of shock excitation in these objects. Here we present the analysis of 2.0? ×? 0.8? deg2 data from the UK Wide-field Infrared Survey for H2 (UWISH2) in the ? 1–0? S(1) line to identify and characterize the outflows of the M17 complex. We uncover 48 probable outflows, of which 93? per cent are new discoveries. We identified driving source candidates for 60? per cent of outflows. Among the driving source candidate young stellar objects (YSOs), 90? per cent are protostars and the remaining 10 per cent are Class? II YSOs. In comparison with results from other surveys, we suggest that H2 emission fades very quickly as the objects evolve from protostars to pre-main-sequence stars. We fit spectral energy distribution (SED) models to 14 candidate outflow-driving sources and conclude that the outflows of our sample are mostly driven by moderate-mass YSOs that are still actively accreting from their protoplanetary disc. We examined the spatial distribution of the outflows with the gas and dust distribution of the complex and observed that the filamentary dark cloud M17SWex, located on the south-western side of the complex, is associated with a greater number of outflows. We find that our results corroborate previous suggestions that, in the M17 complex, M17SWex is the most active site of star formation. Several of our newly identified outflow candidates are excellent targets for follow-up studies to understand better the very early phase of protostellar evolution.
Automatic Edit and Imputation for Business Surveys: The Dutch Contribution to the EUREDIT Project

Statistics Netherlands participated in the EUREDIT project, a large international research and development project on statistical data editing and imputation that lasted fromMarch 2000 till February 2003. The main goals of this project were the development and evaluation of new and currently used methods for data editing and imputation. In this article we describe the general approach applied by Statistics Netherlands on the two business surveys used in the EUREDIT project. In the EUREDIT project data for only one year were available. In our edit and imputation methods we therefore could not use data from a previous year and had to restrict ourselves to using only data from the data set to be edited and imputed itself. We also describe the development of our edit and imputation strategy and give results supporting the choices we have made. Finally, we provide results of our approach on the two evaluation data sets, and compare these results to the results of the other institutes participating in EUREDIT.
Teacher learning in changing professional contexts: Bhutanese teacher educators and the Educating for GNH initiative

Abstract This study was conducted in the two teacher education colleges (CoEs) of the Royal University of Bhutan. It was intended to fill the knowledge gap of teacher educators’ reactions to the Educating for Gross National Happiness (EdGNH) policy introduced in Bhutan in 2010. EdGNH is recognized as one of the most critical and comprehensive attempts to operationalize GNH in schools in Bhutan thereby making it absolutely essential to ensure that the country’s education system embodies and reflects GNH values and principles. Using education as the instrument of change will ensure that GNH will survive and flourish. The research questions focus on the implementation and challenges associated with this innovation. A questionnaire was used (n = 66) followed by teaching observations with a selected sample of lecturers (n = 5) in the two CoEs. Results revealed that lecturers need to build EdGNH into their modules, upgrade their knowledge and skills about GNH values and practices, and develop the idea of tacit learning associated with EdGNH.
Principal Leadership to Improve Collective Teacher Efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between, and predictive value of, select school and teacher characteristics, and collective teacher efficacy (CTE). CTE is a strong predictor of school and student outcomes that principals may target to minimize the continued strong influence of socioeconomic status. Results from this study suggest that prior levels of student achievement offer more value to practitioners to improve CTE in schools than the other school and teacher characteristics the author examined in this study. The author presents implications for practice and future research recommendations based on these results
Social media as boundary objects: A case of digitalized civic engagement in Malaysia

The emergence of social media has excited considerable interest regarding its capabilities in catalyzing enormous societal changes. Overall, the relationship between social media and civic engagement is one of the important, multifaceted areas that has received limited attention to date within the IS field. From advocacy to crime prevention, the answer to how and to what effect social media may contribute to contemporary civic engagement is still contested. By using a case study of digitalized crime fighting communities in Malaysia, we conceptualize the use of social media in catalyzing civic engagement by putting forward the notion of boundary object. Coupled with a practice lens, we offer a rich understanding of how the boundary-spanning competence of social media can be transformed in situated practice and catalyze the development of contemporary civic engagement as an instructive account that contributes to the IS literature on ICT for development.
Clustering of luminous red galaxies – I. Large-scale redshift-space distortions

This is the first paper of a series where we study the clustering of LRG galaxies in the latest spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release, DR6, which has 75 000 LRG galaxies covering over 1 Gpc 3 h -3 at 0.15 < z < 0.47. Here we focus on modelling redshift-space distortions in ξ(π, σ), the two-point correlation function in separate line of sight and perpendicular directions, on large scales. We use large mock simulations to study the validity of models and errors. We show that errors in the data are dominated by a shot-noise term that is 40 per cent larger than the Poisson error commonly used. We first use the normalized quadrupole for the whole sample (mean z = 0.34) to estimate β = f(Ω m )/b = 0.34 ± 0.03, where f(Ω m ) is the linear velocity growth factor and b is the linear bias parameter that relates galaxy to matter fluctuations on large scales. We next use the full ξ(π, σ) plane to find Ω 0m = 0.245 ± 0.020 (h = 0.72) and the biased amplitude b σ 8 = 1.56 ± 0.09. For standard gravity, we can combine these measurements to break degeneracies and find σ 8 = 0.85 ± 0.06, b = 1.85 ± 0.25 and f(Ω m ) = 0.64 ± 0.09. We present constraints for modified theories of gravity and find that standard gravity is consistent with data as long as 0.80 < σ 8 < 0.92. We also calculate the cross-correlation with WMAP5 and show how both methods to measure the growth history are complementary to constrain non-standard models of gravity. Finally, we show results for different redshift slices, including a prominent BAO peak in the monopole at different redshifts. The ξ(π, a) data on large scales is shown to be in remarkable agreement with predictions and shows a characteristic large region of negative correlation in the line of sight, a BAO ring and a prominent radial BAO peak. The significance of this is presented in Paper IV of this series. We include a study of possible systematic effects in our analysis to find that these results are quite robust.
The role of species traits and taxonomic patterns in alien bird impacts

Aim To test whether the distribution of alien bird impacts varies across bird families and regions of origin, and to investigate whether species traits associated with successful introductions can predict which species will have negative impacts in the new area of introduction. Location Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Methods Combining historical information and published literature about negative economic, biological and human health impacts, we compared the distribution of impacts among bird families and native origins of bird species for three major types of impact (economic, biodiversity and human health). We examined the relationships between ecological, biological and reproductive characteristics of species and the severity of the impacts. Results The majority of alien species with reported impacts originated from the Afrotropical, Indo-Malayan and Palaearctic biogeographical regions. The distribution of alien bird species in Europe with reported impacts shows a taxonomic bias and largely mirrors patterns of establishment. While most species had primarily either economic or biodiversity impacts, several species in the Anatidae, Corvidae, Passeridae, Phasianidae and Sturnidae families were associated with moderate to serious negative impacts on both economic resources and native biodiversity. After controlling for taxonomic effects, species with the greatest overall impacts were habitat generalists and multi-brooded, while species with smaller bodies and the tendency to form large feeding or roosting flocks were linked with greater impacts on native biodiversity. Main conclusions This study presents the first synthesis of published impact data for alien birds and provides a broad-scale perspective on factors that contribute to their impacts. The results show that accounting for both species traits and taxonomy improves our ability to predict the impacts of alien bird species. Because several species are currently in the early stages of establishment in Europe, there may be an opportunity to limit negative impacts with efforts that promote proactive strategies against species and families possessing the above characteristics.
Prostate cancer patient’s survival in Lithuania

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the survival of prostate cancer patients during the 12-year period and to analyze differences in survival by period of diagnosis, stage of disease, age and place of residence. Materials and methods. All newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer (ICD-10, C61) in men were identified in the Lithuanian Cancer Registry for the period 1994–2005. Five-year relative survival estimates were computed with the Hakulinen method using the STATA software. Five-year relative survival estimates were calculated for three different periods of time when prostate cancer was diagnosed (1994–1997, 1998–2001 and 2002–2005), by age (15–59, 60–74, and 75–99), stage at diagnosis (I, II, III, IV, unknown) and place of residence (cities and towns or rural areas). Results. The survival of prostate cancer patients in Lithuania has dramatically increased. Five-year relative survival in the period 1994–1997 was 46.92% and in the period 2002–2005 it reached 86.49%. Medium age prostate cancer patients (60–74 years) compared to younger and older patients had better survival rates. Increasing survival was observed for all stages of disease. Lower five-year relative survival rate of prostate cancer patients was reported for men from villages or other rural areas compared to patients from cities and towns in all periods under study. Conclusions. The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer has increased from 46.92% (95% CI 44.12–49.74) in 1994–1997 to 86.49% (95% CI 84.73–88.22) in 2002–2005 in Lithuania. The study identified survival differences by age and place of residence. Issues, such as access to care, quality of medical care, must be made equally available and accessible for the whole population with special attention to older men and men living in rural areas.
Development of dominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker linked with plume moth (Exelastis atomosa Walsingham 1886) resistance in pigeon-pea

The mode of gene action governing resistance to plume moth (Exelastis atomosa Walsingham 1886) derived from pigeon-pea (Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars) accession ICPW-94 has been determined and the resistance alleles have been designated as PPM1. The progenies of F2 population and F3 families derived from an interspecific cross C. cajan (L.) Huth ('ICP-26') x C. scarabaeoides (accession ICPW-94) revealed monogenic gene action for resistance to plume moth, and the dominant control by single locus or cluster of tightly linked alleles. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of 116 F2 progenies by using 143 parental polymorphic RAPD primers could identify a fragment OPA09910 associated with plume moth resistance in coupling phase of linkage. Further single plant analysis of the 116 F2 mapping population revealed OPA09910 was linked to PPMi locus conferring host resistance to plume moth with recombination fraction (rf) value of 0.125 (12.7 cM of Kosambi function). The resistance specific fragment OPA09910 was cloned, sequenced and converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, SCOPA09942, which was also closely associated (10.3 cM) with the locus PPMl with rf value 0.102. BLAST analysis with pigeon-pea genome sequence also confirmed its occurrence in CcLG02 (Scafseq.LG_V5.0fa) and contig 01597 (AFSP01.fsa1). This SCAR marker showed reasonable screening efficiency in the F2, F3, and BC1F1 lines, thus it can be used as genetic handle in marker-assisted introgression of the genomic fragment conferring plume moth resistance and screening of breeding lines in pigeon-pea.
Multi-Performance Optimization for MAS Based Grid Computing

The challenge of multi-performance optimization has been extensively addressed in the literature based on deterministic parameters. In Grid Computing platforms, since resources are geographically separated and heterogeneous, it is rather difficult to apply a uniform distribution algorithm for achieving various optimization goals. This paper proposes a multi-agent system (MAS) based approach for optimal network resource distribution to satisfy requirements of both users and service providers. Moreover, agents’ communication is discussed and simulation is described.
Cost-Effectiveness of Safety Measures in Enterprises

Safety auditing is a systematic method to evaluate the company’s safety management system. The main task of auditing is to establish whether the correct types of safety methods are used and whether they are effectively implemented. The safety auditing in Estonian enterprises (on the basis of European Union legislation, Standards OHSAS 18001:1999 and BS 8800:1996) is only in the beginning stage. As the prerequisite to the paper the safety auditing in 12 medium- and small-scale enterprises in Estonia from 5 branches of industry (metal and wood processing, plastic, garment and printing) has been carried out. The modified Diekemper & Spartz (DS industrial hazard control; fire control and industrial hygiene; supervisory participation, motivation and training; accident investigation, statistics and reporting procedures. The maximum score was gained in the plastics industry: 62.9% and the minimum score in a printing industry: 40.9%. Economically developed enterprises have possibilities to pay also more attention to safety matters. The cost-effectiveness of the planned safety measures is calculated. The method considers the cost, the effectiveness and the uncertainty of the safety measure (Roed method). These three variables integrate the cost-effectiveness of a safety measure. The most cost-effective measures by investigated industries were: provide the workers with protective footwear in metal industry; the analysis of the spectrum of noise in printing industry; analysis of chemicals in the workrooms’ air (risk analysis of chemicals) in plastic industry; the analysis of chemicals and medical examinations of workers in wood processing industry; advanced training of workers to prevent the injuries with fingers in garment industry. The safety policy and safety plan that set the framework for health and safety activities in enterprises are usually not available in written form in Estonian firms. In addition, there is a need for raising the awareness of workers in the field of occupational health and safety. Supervisory participation, motivation and training were the activities that received quite low scores. The recommendations to the employers were given: to improve the information of workers, motivation to use the personal protective equipment and to carry out continuing training of workers as well as the leaders in work safety and health.
The European Pharmaceutical Industry in a Global Economy: what drives EU exports of pharmaceuticals?. Bruges European Economic Research Papers (BEER) 31/2015.

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most competitive sectors in the European Union. With its substantial investments in research and development, this industry represents a key asset for the European economy and a major source of growth and employment. However, despite the importance of the pharmaceutical sector for the European Union, few researchers have attempted to assess the determinants of the EU exports of pharmaceuticals. This paper aims at filling the aforementioned gap by examining what drives EU exports of pharmaceuticals. In order to tackle this question, this paper has derived hypotheses from the Gravity Model of Trade and the relevant academic literature on pharmaceuticals. Based on an econometric analysis, the research sheds light on the complex interaction of factors influencing the EU exports of pharmaceuticals. The paper finds that the protection of intellectual property in the receiving countries, their economic size, the importance of their health sector, and the quality of infrastructures constitute major drivers to the EU exports of pharmaceuticals. On the contrary, the research shows that transports costs as well as tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers tend to hinder the EU exports of pharmaceuticals.
Original paper Clinical Study and Management of Secondary Peritonitis due to Perforated Hollow Viscous

Introduction: Secondary peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum caused by another condition, most commonly the spread of an infection from the digestive organs or bowels. This paper aims to present a clinical study and management of secondary peritonitis due to hollow viscous. In this study, peritonitis cases were analyzed with respect to their aetiology; clinical features, treatment, complications and management strategies were discussed. Material and methods: Fifty cases of secondary peritonitis were studied, who were admitted and treated in various surgical units between January 2003 and November 2004. The cause of secondary peritonitis was diagnosed, initially, based on the symptoms and clinical findings on presentation. Then all cases were subjected to detailed clinical examination and laboratory and radiological investigations for thorough analysis. Results: It was observed that perforation of peptic ulcer was the most commonly encountered perforation (64%), followed by small bowel perforations (24%) and then appendicular perforations (12%). The highest incidence of secondary peritonitis (32%) was observed in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Males were predominantly affected with a male to female ratio of 9:1. We recorded 14% mortality in this series. Conclusions: Secondary peritonitis is still a severe disease with high mortality and mandates timely surgical intervention. Perforation of peptic ulcer was the most commonly encountered cause of secondary peritonitis (64%). A variety of operative procedures adopted in this series of patients were fairly successful. Wound infection was the most common complication, occurring in 38% of cases, followed by subphrenic abscess and pelvic abscess (10%).
Word Processing as Decision-Making: Writers' Choices of Writing Media.

A study examined two writers and their use of word processing and pen and paper in order to set up and draw out the important variables that influence writers' decisions about word processing. Subjects, a college freshman and an engineer, were interviewed about their writing processes and were observed in their natural environment. Results indicated that these writers chose word processing for many reasons, including neatness and efficiency, the convenience of making changes, and the formatting options available. Results also indicated that factors that led them not to use word processing included needing to see more information than was available on the screen, finding the computer "cold" or "distracting", and lack of convenient access to machines. Findings suggest that the choice to use or not to use word processing is made again and again as new writing tasks are undertaken. (Twenty-seven references are attached.) (RS)