Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Alternative Atrial Pacing Sites

A permanent pacemaker implantation changes the electrophysiological and hemodynamic conditions in the heart. The electric system of the pacemaker meets the two main functions of the device, i.e. the stimulation – pacing and sensing of own cardiac rhythm. The possibility of an atrial stimulation sending the electric impulses for the whole heart is the most physiologic pacing mode. The pacing site is no longer determined by the technical and anatomical limitation since the introduction of active fixation leads enables the lead positioning and fixation in almost each place within the heart muscle. Different electrophysiological properties of various parts of the atria influence the pacing and sensing in different ways. The physiologic conduction of an electrical wave front from the sinus node to the atria and then to the atrio-ventricular node and the ventricles favours the optimal hemodynamic function of various parts of the heart muscle, changing additionally with regard to the basic rhythm and metabolic demands during a physical activity. The physiologic electrical activation of the atria originates within the sinoatrial node, located in front of and medially from the superior vena cava ostium to the right atrium, then spreads ahead and down across the right atrium and to the left atrium throughout the conducive tissue band called Bachmann’s bundle. This leads to a rush and efficient activation of the left atrium resulting in single P wave in electrocardiogram, not separating the both atria conduction. The interatrial conduction takes place also within the posterior part of fossa ovalis and coronary sinus. This kind of activation leads to the proper mechanical sequence of contraction covering firstly the free right atrial wall, then interatrial septum and subsequently posterior, anterior and lateral left atrial walls at the same time. The physiologic delay of left atrial contraction in relation to the right atrium amounts to 22+/-11 ms (1-3). The Bachmann’s bundle is the fastest way to carry the activation from the right to the left atrium and its dysfunction or a complete block is connected with an unfavourable sequence of electrical and hemodynamic changes. This results in an impaired electrical and mechanical function of the left atrium leading usually to atrial fibrillation. Other causes and diseases such as arterial hypertension, inflammatory process and fibrosis take part in a deterioration of an atrial muscle function favouring the arrhythmia (4, 5).
A Process-Based Approach to Handling Risks

In dynamic domains such as cybersecurity, risks are highly changeable, and the time frame for managing them can be quite short; whereas, in other areas, more opportunity to plan ahead might exist. In either case, a single process spanning an enterprise can not only play a normalizing role, but also serve as a decision-support structure to managers. By investing in a comprehensive, yet flexible, CRM process that cuts across all cybersecurity activities, the result is to strengthen its effectiveness while paying high dividends well into the future
Revision of the Neotropical diving beetle genus Hydrodessus J. Balfour-Browne, 1953 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Bidessini)

Abstract The Neotropical diving beetle genus Hydrodessus J. Balfour-Browne, 1953 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini) is revised. Thirty species are recognized. The following new species are described: Hydrodessus bimaculatus sp. n. (Venezuela), Hydrodessus brevis sp. n. (Venezuela), Hydrodessus concolorans sp. n. (Venezuela), Hydrodessus continuus sp. n. (Venezuela), Hydrodessus disjunctus sp. n. (Suriname), Hydrodessus fasciatus sp. n. (Brazil), Hydrodessus imparilis sp. n. (Ecuador), Hydrodessus keithi sp. n. (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador), Hydrodessus kurti sp. n. (Suriname), Hydrodessus kylei sp. n. (Suriname, Venezuela), Hydrodessus laetus sp. n. (Venezuela), Hydrodessus latotibialis sp. n. (Peru), Hydrodessus maculatus sp. n. (Guyana, Venezuela), Hydrodessus morsus sp. n. (Venezuela), Hydrodessus palus sp. n. (Venezuela), and Hydrodessus tenuatus sp. n. (Suriname). The following new synonyms are established: Hydrodessus fragrans Spangler, 1985 = Hydrodessus biguttatus (Guignot, 1957) syn. n. and Hydrodessus robinae Spangler, 1985 = Hydrodessus octospilus (Guignot, 1957), syn. n. One species is transferred from Hydrodessus to Amarodytes Régimbart, Amarodytes soekhnandanae (Makhan, 1994), comb. n. Habitus photographs (dorsal and lateral) and photos of the ventral surfaces are provided for most species. Line drawings of male and female genitalia and other diagnostic features are also provided along with distribution maps.
Help or Hinder? When Recommendation Signage Expands Consideration Sets and Heightens Decision Difficulty

This research examines whether recommendation signage helps or hinders the consumer when faced with choosing from large product assortments. In spite of frequent usage and retailer intuition suggesting that providing recommendation signs (e.g., “Best Seller,” “Award Winner”) should help consumers in the choice process, we propose that signs can hinder choice for consumers with more developed preferences by adding to the complexity and difficulty of the decision process. In three experiments using horizontally differentiated products in multiple categories, we provide evidence that recommendation signs create preference conflict for consumers with more developed preferences, leading these consumers to form larger consideration sets and ultimately experience more difficulty from the decision-making process. In addition, we show that these effects are mitigated for consumers with less developed preferences and when the choice is from a small assortment. The results suggest that recommendation signage may not be an effective tool for aiding choice from large assortments; instead signage can exacerbate the difficulties associated with having too many choices, with implications on purchase quantity.
[Drinking behaviors and patterns among floating population aged 18-59 years old in China, 2012].

OBJECTIVE To understand the drinking behaviors and patterns among floating population in China. METHODS Floating population were selected through multistage clustering sampling method, stratified by 6 major industries in 170 counties and districts from 31 provinces/autonomous regions, and Xinjiang Construction Corps, in mainland China. Design-based methods were adopted to analyze the drinking behavior in subpopulations. RESULTS A total of 48 697 floating population aged 18-59 years were included in the study. The overall prevalence rate of drinking was 51.7% with 71.9% in men and 24.7% in women, in the last 12 months. Among those who ever drank, the weekly drinking prevalence and daily alcohol intake were 53.9% and 18.7 g in males while 16.7% and 4.1 g in females, respectively, among those floating population. Weekly drinking prevalence rates, for both genders, increased along with the increase of age (P < 0.01), but declining with having higher education level (P < 0.01). Among male drinkers, daily alcohol intake increased with age(P < 0.01) but declining with those having higher education (P < 0.01). Prevalence rates on excessive drinking, hazardous drinking and harmful drinking among male drinkers were 23.6% , 6.6% and 6.9%, respectively, but among female drinkers the figures were 6.3% , 2.3% and 1.5% , respectively. More male and older drinkers had excessive drinking, hazardous drinking or harmful drinking than the younger drinkers (P < 0.01), while less male drinkers in those having lower education (P < 0.01). 71.2% male and 33.1% female drinkers experienced at least once binge drinking in the last 12 months. Distribution of binge drinking frequencies were statistically different among male drinkers by age groups, education levels, or occupation they engaged in (P < 0.01). Among all the 6 occupations, floating population from the construction industry had the highest prevalence rates on items as weekly drinking, daily alcohol intake and prevalence of unhealthy drinking behaviors, except for hazardous drinking behaviors. CONCLUSION Drinking behavior was prevalent among floating population in China. Significant difference was seen between genders. Unhealthy drinking behaviors varied greatly among male drinkers at different age groups or education levels as well as among those working in the different industries.
Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide

There were large interannual variations in burned area in the boreal region (ranging between 3.0 and 23.6 × 106 ha yr−1) for the period of 1992 and 1995–2003 which resulted in corresponding variations in total carbon and carbon monoxide emissions. We estimated a range of carbon emissions based on different assumptions on the depth of burning because of uncertainties associated with the burning of surface‐layer organic matter commonly found in boreal forest and peatlands, and average total carbon emissions were 106–209 Tg yr−1 and CO emissions were 33–77 Tg CO yr−1. Burning of ground‐layer organic matter contributed between 46 and 72% of all emissions in a given year. CO residuals calculated from surface mixing ratios in the high Northern Hemisphere (HNH) region were correlated to seasonal boreal fire emissions in 8 out of 10 years. On an interannual basis, variations in area burned explained 49% of the variations in HNH CO, while variations in boreal fire emissions explained 85%, supporting the hypotheses that variations in fuels and fire severity are important in estimating emissions. Average annual HNH CO increased by an average of 7.1 ppb yr−1 between 2000 and 2003 during a period when boreal fire emissions were 26 to 68 Tg CO−1 higher than during the early to mid‐1990s, indicating that recent increases in boreal fires are influencing atmospheric CO in the Northern Hemisphere.
GGNMOS as ESD protection in different nanometer CMOS process

Grounded-gate NMOS (GGNMOS) plays a more important role in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection because of its simple structure and low trigger voltage. Various GGNMOS based on 90nm, 65nm and 40nm CMOS process are compared to investigate its ESD characteristic changes with process advancing. Results show that the key parameters, including channel width and length, have great influence on its ESD metrics.
Whole‐Body Imaging of Infection Using Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful technique to visualize and monitor biological processes in numerous systems. This unit describes two strategies for bioluminescence imaging that can be used to study bacterial infection in mice. One method is to express a luciferase gene in the bacteria; the second method is to use bacteria that express both a luciferase and β‐lactamase along with a substrate containing caged luciferin, which is released by β‐lactamase hydrolysis and reacts with luciferase to generate light. For both strategies, bioluminescent signals are imaged using an IVIS live animal imaging system (Caliper Life Sciences). The bioluminescence images are analyzed to localize bioluminescent bacteria, quantify signal, and determine the wavelengths of the signals produced. The correlation of bacterial numbers with signal intensity in vivo can be determined, allowing a quantitative measure of bacterial numbers in mice in real time. Methods are described in detail to facilitate successful application of these emerging technologies in nearly any experimental system. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 21:2C.4. 1‐2C.4. 17. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cortical electroencephalogram from subcortical electrodes rather than electrosubcorticogram.

we can slow wave resemble the slow waves of sleep and are widespread. patterns are seen in limited areas, the spindles. In ﬁgure 1, we show examples of both during burst suppression in propofol anesthesia. The patient data are from our published material. 2 The uppermost trace is bipolar scalp derivation P4–F4. The next traces show depth 4–depth 1, where depth 1 is the contact at the tip of the electrode and depth 4 is the one closest to the vertex, in a four-contact electrode in the subthalamic nucleus, similar to the depth electrode of Velly et al. 1 The next two traces are the right frontal electrode F4 and the right parietal electrode P4 referred to depth 1. The lowest trace shows that the spindle is recorded between two surface electrodes. P4 and A1, although simultaneously it is not visible in P4-F4. In all traces positive at the ﬁrst, active electrode is down. Notice that the suppression, slow wave burst with approximately 10 Hz activity on it, and the spindle occur synchronously in derivations between scalp electrodes and between two contacts in the depth electrode. Their relative amplitude, however, changes depending
Molecular Dynamics of Major Allergens from Alternaria, Birch Pollen and Peach

In the search for factors that make a protein allergenic (an issue that remains so far elusive) some common features of allergens such as small size, high stability and lipid binding are recognized in spite of their structural diversity. Other relevant but still poorly understood feature is their capability to form homodimers. We investigated by means of Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations the stability in solution of several dimers of three major allergens from Alternaria mold, birch pollen, and peach fruit known to play essential roles in allergic disease. By running 20 ns MD simulations we found essential properties on solution that provide information of interest on their dimerization, stability of their epitopes and dynamical features of ligand binding cavities. Our results show that three essential allergen proteins display a distinct behavior on their trends to form homodimers in solution.
Olaparib for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients with a Germline BRCA Mutation.

n engl j med 377;6 nejm.org August 10, 2017 523 From the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (M.R.); Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (E.S.); National Cancer Center–Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.X.), and the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun (W.L.) — both in China; Basser Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.); National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan (N.M.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (S.D.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana–Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston (N.T.); Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (A.A.), and AstraZeneca, Macclesfield (S.R.) — both in the United Kingdom; AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (W.W., C.G.); and University of Padua and Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy (P.C.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Robson at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, or at robsonm@ mskcc . org.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER

Glutamate transporters have a homotrimeric subunit structure with a large central water-filled cavity that extends partially into the plane of the lipid bilayer (Yernool et al., 2004). In addition to uptake of glutamate, the transporters also mediate a chloride conductance that is gated by Na+ and glutamate. Our data indicate that glutamate binding sites, transport pathways, and chloride channels reside in individual subunits in the trimer and function independently and that the anion channel is gated by alkali cations binding from either side of the membrane. We also investigated conformational changes during glutamate binding by incorporating a fluorescent probe into a site near the postulated external gate (HP2) of a mutant transporter that can bind but not transport L-Glu. Fluorescence changes were observed upon ligand binding that strongly depended on the number of subunits labeled; this suggests quenched fluorophore dimers form at the center of the trimer that are subject to HP2 loop closure upon substrate binding. This supports a model of gate motion that is also consistent with recent x-ray structural data (Boudker et al., 2007). Finally, we propose that the large aqueous central cavity in the trimeric complex (Yernool et al., 2004) may function to restrict the diffusion of molecules near the three ligand binding sites, resulting in an increase in the probability of rebinding.
A passive micro gas regulator for hydrogen flow control

This paper presents the design, fabrication process, experimental characterizations and simulations of a novel passive micro gas regulator. The device is to be used in a miniature fuel cell for portable electronic applications in order to regulate the hydrogen flow feeding the fuel cell from a high-pressure tank. Its structure and working principle are similar to some macroscopic devices. Using MEMS technologies, e.g., deep-RIE etching and multiple wafer bonding, the dimensions of the device have been made less than 8 × 8 × 1 mm3. Moreover, as it is passive, it consumes no power from the fuel cell. Thanks to these two features, it is well suited for portable applications. To our knowledge, this is the first passive micro gas regulator, except those actuated by hydrogels. The experimental characterization shows that the opening and closing are controlled by the released gas pressure. Up to an input pressure of 8 atm, the device has been successfully driven and the leakage has been measured to be below 0.1 sccm nitrogen. Analytical models for the moving part and for the flow rate show a good agreement when compared to the experimental data.
Another story of Human Atherosclerosis

In this opinion review, we aim at presenting an integrative picture of human atherothrombosis pathophysiology, taking into consideration its phylogenic determinants and chronological aspects. We first discuss how systemic arterial pressure, inherited from the acquisition of peripheral resistances and conductance artery multi-embranchments throughout evolution, generates outward convection of plasma molecules and particles through the arterial wall and favors collision of circulating cells with the wall. We then present the various responses triggered by the accumulation of cholesterol and blood cells in the arterial wall, with a more particular focus on the role played by vSMCs in triggering those responses in the early stages of the atheromatous disease. The contribution of SMC phenotypic plasticity to the formation of foam cells, intraplaqueefferocytosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis is notably outlined. The mechanisms of plaque evolution towards vulnerability, erosion, and rupture are also discussed. Finally, the relationships between local hemodynamics and atheroma evolution towards a given vascular pathology are illustrated by the presentation of vascular territory-specific diseases including coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Shock-induced polarized hydrogen emission lines in the Mira star o Ceti

Context. In the spectra of variable pulsating stars, especially Mira stars, the detection of intense hydrogen emission lines has been explained by the presence of a radiative and hypersonic shock wave, periodically propagating throughout the stellar atmosphere. Previous observation of the Mira star o Ceti around one of its brightest maximum light led to the detection of a strong level of linear polarization associated to Balmer emissions, although the origin of this phenomenon is not fully explained yet. Aims. With the help of spectropolarimetry, we propose to investigate the nature of shock waves propagating throughout the stellar atmosphere and present, for o Ceti (the prototype of Mira stars), a full observational study of hydrogen emission lines formed in the radiative region of such a shock. Methods. Using the instrument NARVAL mounted on the Telescope Bernard Lyot (TBL) in Pic du Midi Observatory (France), we performed a spectropolarimetric monitoring of o Ceti during three consecutive pulsation cycles. For this survey, the four Stokes parameters (I for intensity, Q and U for linear polarization, and V for circular polarization) were systematically collected, with a particular emphasis on the maxima of luminosity, i.e. when a radiative shock wave is supposed to emerge from the photosphere and starts to propagate outward. Results. On hydrogen Balmer lines, over a large part of the luminosity cycle, we report clear detection of polarimetric structures in Q and U Stokes spectra (and also in V Stokes spectra but to a lesser extent). We report a temporal evolution of these spectropolarimetric signatures, which appear strongly correlated to the presence of an intense shock wave responsible for the hydrogen emission lines. We establish that the hydrogen lines are polarized by a physical process inherent to the mechanism responsible for the emission line formation: the shock wave itself. Two mechanisms are thus considered: a global one that implies a polarization induced by some giant convective cells located around the photosphere and a local one that implies a charge separation due to the passage of the shock wave, inducing an electrical current. Combined with the existing turbulence, this may generate a magnetic field, hence polarization.
Effect of Ellagic Acid, a Plant Polyphenol, on Fibrotic Markers (MMPs and TIMPs) during Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity

ABSTRACT Alcoholic fibrosis and its end-stage cirrhosis occur when the rate of matrix synthesis exceeds matrix degradation. Hepatic fibroproliferation is associated with alterations of hepatic tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs/matrixins) expressions. The alteration of hepatic matrixins and TIMPs expression to disease stage and inflammatory activity underlines their potential diagnostic markers in chronic liver disease. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural phenolic compound found in fruits and nuts, has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous properties. The aim of our study was to gain further insight into the effect of EA on fibrotic markers (MMPs and TIMPs) during alcohol-induced tissue injury. To elucidate the effect on the MMPs/TIMPs balance by EA, gelatin zymography, multiwell zymography, succinylated gelatin assay, and ELISA technique (for TIMPs) were carried out. Coadministration of EA with alcohol decreased the expression of MMP-2 and -9 and TIMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EA at the dosage of 60 mg/kg body weight effectively decreased the expression pattern of fibrotic markers during alcohol-induced toxicity. Hence, it can be developed as an antifibrotic compound in near future.
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil Assisted by Co-Solvent and Microwave Using a Two-Step Process

The two-step catalyzing process for biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil was assisted by both co-solvent and microwave irradiation. Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the reaction conditions. Optimal reaction conditions of the first step were alcohol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst (H2SO4) amount 1 wt%, reaction temperature 333 K, and reaction time 7.5 minutes; while for the second step, optimal reaction conditions were alcohol to oil molar ratio 12:1, catalyst (NaOH) amount 1 wt%, reaction temperature 333 K, and reaction time 2.0 minutes. The total reaction time was 9.5 min and the conversion rate of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) achieved was 97.4%. The total reaction time was shorter than previous studies. Therefore, the co-solvent and microwave assisted two-step catalyzing process has a potential application in producing biodiesel from waste vegetable oil.