Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Time Series Motif Discovery Using Approximated Matrix Profile

Motif discovery of time series data is one of the most prevalent data mining tasks in finding repeated patterns that contain important information in a time series sequence. In particular, its purpose is to find the most similar non-overlapping subsequences pair(s). Recent methods have adopted a matrix profile as a novel data structure for motif discovery problem. However, their ) time complexity is considered exceedingly high especially for massive time series data. In this paper, we propose a simple dimensionality reduction method as well as an enhanced approximated matrix profile structure to speed up motif discovery task in massive time series data. As large parts of the matrix profile and raw time series sequences are omitted, our experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that we could substantially outperform other rival methods in terms of computation time while maintaining high accuracy of the motif discovery results.
Discrimination-aware classification

Classifier construction is one of the most researched topics within the data mining and machine learning communities. Literally thousands of algorithms have been proposed. The quality of the learned models, however, depends critically on the quality of the training data. No matter which classifier inducer is applied, if the training data is incorrect, poor models will result. In this thesis, we study cases in which the input data is discriminatory and we are supposed to learn a classifier that optimizes accuracy, but does not discriminate in its predictions. Such situations occur naturally as artifacts of the data collection process when the training data is collected from different sources with different labeling criteria, when the data is generated by a biased decision process, or when the sensitive attribute, e.g., gender serves as a proxy for unobserved features. In many situations, a classifier that detects and uses the racial or gender discrimination is undesirable for legal reasons. The concept of discrimination is illustrated by the next example: Throughout the years, an employment bureau recorded various parameters of job candidates. Based on these parameters, the company wants to learn a model for partially automating the matchmaking between a job and a job candidate. A match is labeled as successful if the company hires the applicant. It turns out, however, that the historical data is biased; for higher board functions, Caucasian males are systematically being favored. A model learned directly on this data will learn this discriminatory behavior and apply it over future predictions. From an ethical and legal point of view it is of course unacceptable that a model discriminating in this way is deployed. Our proposed solutions to the discrimination problem fall into two broad categories. First, we propose pre-processing methods to remove the discrimination from the training dataset. Second, we propose solutions to the discrimination problem by directly pushing the non-discrimination constraints into classification models and post-processing of built models. We further studied the discrimination-aware classification paradigm in the presence of explanatory attributes that were correlated with the sensitive attribute, e.g., low income may be explained by the low education level. In such a case, as we show, not all discrimination can be considered bad. Therefore, we introduce a new way of measuring discrimination, by explicitly splitting it up into explainable and bad discrimination and propose methods to remove the bad discrimination only. We tried our discrimination-aware methods over real world data sets. We observed in our experiments that our methods show promising results and clearly outperform the traditional classification model w.r. t. accuracy discrimination trade-off. To conclude, we believe that discrimination-aware classification is a new and exciting area of research addressing a societally relevant problem.
Simulation of Obstacle Avoidance for Auto Guided Land Vehicle

This research is concerned with designing and simulating an auto control system for a car provided with obstacle avoidance sensors. This car is able to pass through predefined path an around the detected obstacles, and then come back to the intended path. The IR sensor detects the existence of the obstacle through an assumed range of detection, while the visual sensor (camera) feeds back an image including the path that contains an obstacle, which can be useful for determining the obstacle's length, speed, and direction. According to such information, the controller creates transient away point along the longitudinal axis of the obstacle which is the same as the transverse axis of the simulator path at an assumed distance from the obstacle. The robotic car will direct toward the transient point for avoiding the obstacle, which directly comeback into the original rout once when reaching the transient point. This strategy enables the car to move far away from the obstacle and then return it into planned path.
Phelloderma (Porifera: Demospongiae) and its relation to other Poecilosclerida, including description of P. oxychaetoides sp. nov., and redescription of the type species, P. radiatum Ridley & Dendy, 1886

Phelloderma oxychaetoides sp. nov. is a remarkable new species from the deep Weddell Sea, bearing abundant oxychaetes (onychaete-like microxeas), morphologically distinct from the onychaetes of Tedania spp. collected in the same area. We give a redescription of the holotype of P. radiatum Ridley & Dendy, 1886, the type species of Phelloderma. We recognize three and a possible fourth species in Phelloderma: P. flava (Lévi, 1993); P. oxychaetoides sp. nov.; P. polypoides Whitelegge, 1906; and P. radiatum Ridley & Dendy, 1886. An identification key for the species of Phelloderma is proposed. A discussion on the affinities of Phelloderma to both Mycalina and Myxillina is offered, and the current preference for the latter is further supported by the marked similarity between the oxychaetes of Phelloderma oxychaetoides sp. nov. and those of Chaetodoryx spp. (Coelosphaeridae, Myxillina).
Revision of the gammaridean amphipod family Ampithoidae using numerical analytical methods

A revision of the tube-building amphipod family Ampithoidae on a world-wide basis, using numerical analytical methods, recognizes 13 genera of which 2 are newly described. Cluster analysis and principal components ordination reveal that the form of the first gnathopod is of basic significance in differentiation of genera within the family Ampithoidae. Phyletic relationships are examined and related to evolutionary sequences in morphology, behaviour, and zoogeography.
Belowground biomass functions and expansion factors in high elevation Norway spruce

Summary Biomass allocation to above- and belowground compartments in trees is thought to be affected by growth conditions. To assess the strength of such infl uences, we sampled six Norway spruce forest stands growing at higher altitudes. Within these stands, we randomly selected a total of 77 Norway spruce trees and measured volume and biomass of stem, aboveand belowground stump and all roots over 0.5 cm diameter. A comparison of our observations with models parameterized for lower altitudes shows that models developed for specifi c conditions may be applicable to other locations. Using our observations, we developed biomass functions (BF s ) and biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF s ) linking belowground biomass to stem parameters. While both BF and BCEF are accurate in belowground biomass predictions, using BCEF appears more promising as such factors can be readily used with existing forest inventory data to obtain estimates of belowground biomass stock. As an example, we show how BF and BCEF developed for individual trees can be used to estimate belowground biomass at the stand level. In combination with existing aboveground models, our observations can be used to quantify total standing biomass of high altitude Norway spruce stands.
An Algorithm for Clustering Decision-Making Phenotypes from Behavioural Data

Computational modelling of behavioural data is increasingly used for psychiatric applications. To this end, it is of interest to devise approaches for clustering behavioural phenotypes, where those phenotypes are reinforcement learning models ﬁt to individual subjects. The present study highlights that clustering in the space of individual parameter estimates may not reveal the presence of decision-making phenotype groups. We also introduce a similarity measure that improves cluster detection using synthetic data generated on a task that measures goal-directed and habitual control. Our results motivate further investigation regarding unsupervised cluster detection in computational cognitive modelling of human behavioural data.
The Sequence of the Genome of an Isolate of Hydrangea Ringspot Virus from the Czech Republic

An isolate of Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV) was obtained in 2008 from infected Hydrangea spp. in the Czech Republic. The isolate (HydCZ) induced chlorotic to mildly necrotic local lesions or chlorotic systemic symptoms, respectively, in Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. The genome of HydCZ (6185 nt) was fully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolate HydCZ shares high nucleotide sequence identity (96.6%) with an isolate (PD109) from the Netherlands. This is the first report of the sequence of an isolate of HdRSV from the Czech Republic and is the second full genome sequence of the virus.
The balance of autotrophy and heterotrophy during mixotrophic growth of Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae)

We studied autotrophic and heterotrophic C metabolism during mixotrophic growth of Karlodinium micrum (Leadbeter et Dodge) Larsen (Dinophyceae) on prey Storeatula major (Cryptophyceae). Our goal was to determine the balance of autotrophy and heterotrophy that supports mixotrophic growth in K. micrum. Assimilation of inorganic 14 C and 14 C-labeled prey was used to separate the quantity and quality (i.e., lipid, polysaccharide and protein) of C obtained by autotrophy and heterotrophy, respectively. Growth rates (μ) of mixotrophic K. micrum were 0.52-0.75 div. ·day -1 , equal to or greater than the maximum autotrophic growth rate (0.55 div.·day -1 ) of K. micrum. Autotrophy represented 27-69% of gross C uptake during mixotrophic growth. Cellular photosynthetic performance (PP cell , pg C cell -1 ·day -1 ) was 24-52% lower during mixotrophic growth than during autotrophic growth of K. micrum. Mixotrophic K. micrum assimilated 16% less photosynthate as protein compared to autotrophic K. micrum, while protein was the major net assimilation product (52%) from ingested prey C. Growth efficiency (%GE) of mixotrophic cultures, based on both autotrophic and heterotrophic C sources, averaged 36 ± 2.9%, slightly lower than the 40-50% GE typical of purely autotrophic K. micrum, but higher C gains associated with heterotrophic feeding more than compensated for the decrease in %GE in mixotrophic K. micrum. We conclude that mixotrophic growth of K. micrum is dominated by heterotrophic metabolism, although photosynthesis continues at a lowered rate. This is consistent with a shift toward secondary production in plankton assemblages dominated by mixotrophically growing K. micrum.
A Clinical Observation of Chungsangboha-tang's Effects on Asthmatic Patients

【Objectives : Asthma is considered an inflammation disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary eosinophilia. Chungsang boha-tang is a herbal medication which has been frequently used in traditional therapeutic agents for asthma. We aimed to observe the clinical effects of Chungsangboha-tang on blood eosinophil, serum IgE, AST, ALT and pulmonary function in asthmatic outpatients. Methods : The subjects consisted of 66 asthmatic patients who had been treated with Chungsangboha-tang among all the asthmatic patients who visited the 5th Internal Medicine of the Oriental Medicine Hospital of Kyung Hee University from November,2004 to November,2009. We observed blood eosinophil, serum IgE, AST, ALT levels and pulmonary function test results as well as medical records of patients to evaluate the effects. Results : Pulmonary function significantly improved after 8 weeks of treatment, and blood eosinophil and serum IgE level significantly decreased after 8 weeks of treatment. AST, ALT levels changed in normal ranges. Chungsangboha-tang was significantly effective on the male patients who had a smoking history and worse initial lab findings. We also observed a significant improvement of pulmonary function and decrease of eosinophil and serum IgE levels in the patient group who had a single treatment of Chungsangboha-tang without steroid therapy. Conclusions : This study shows that Chungsangboha-tang has effects on the improvement of pulmonary function and decrease of eosinophil and serum IgE levels as well as improvement of symptoms. And, 8 weeks of long-term treatment showed no negative effects such as significant increase of AST, ALT levels. 】
Response of four grain legumes to water stress in south-eastern Queensland. III. Dry matter production, yield and water use efficiency

Dry matter production, yield and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max), black gram (Vigna mungo), green gram (V. radiata) and cowpea (V. unguiculata) under irrigated, rain-fed fallowed and rain-fed double-cropped culture were evaluated at Dalby in south-east Queensland. Differential species responses to cultural treatments were related to strategies of growth and water use in response to water stress. The major effect of differences between strategies related to differences in the short term rate of soil water use, which together with the seasonal pattern of water availability influenced both the total, and seasonal pattern of water use. Regardless of strategy adopted, dry matter production was primarily a function of water use. However, seed yield and water use efficiency for seed yield depended on the seasonal pattern of water use. The relative agronomic success of the various strategies therefore depended on the seasonal profiles of water availability. Some implications of the differences in stress response strategy for adaptation of these species to agricultural environments are discussed.
Isolation and characterisation of sulfur-oxidising bacteria, including strains of Rhizobium, from calcareous sandy soils and their effects on nutrient uptake and growth of maize (Zea mays L.)

Four sulfur-oxidising bacteria were selected among 427 bacterial isolates from calcareous sandy soils in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These isolates were selected based on their strong ability to oxidise elemental sulfur (S°) in vitro and were identified as Paracoccus versutus CBS 114155, Paracoccus pantotrophus CBS 114154, and 2 strains as Rhizobium spp. NCCB 100053 and NCCB 100054. This is the first published report of a Rhizobium species capable of S° oxidation and also the first record of sulfur-oxidising bacteria from UAE soils. These isolates were tested in a greenhouse in the presence and absence of S° to study their effects on maize growth. Best growth was observed in the treatment with P. versutus application combined with S°, which significantly reduced soil pH, increased soil SO4 level and the uptake of N, S, Fe, Mn, and Zn in maize roots and shoots. The P and Cu uptake in the shoots of maize plants was not significant compared with the treatment that received the application of S° alone. There was no response in plant growth to treatments that included the application of S° combined with P. pantotrophus or Rhizobium strain NCCB 100053 compared with the treatment that received the application of S° alone. There was significant growth inhibition of maize plants in the treatment receiving Rhizobium strain NCCB 100054 with or without the application of S° compared with the treatment that included the application of S° alone. This growth inhibition was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of N, P, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in roots and shoots in the absence of S°. Rhizobium strain NCCB 100054 applied with S° significantly decreased the levels of N, S, and Fe in the roots and the levels of N, P, S, Fe, Mn, and Cu in the shoots of maize, with no significant differences in the levels of P and Mn in the roots and in the levels of Zn in the shoots, compared with the treatment with S° alone. These results indicate that the treatment P. versutus combined with S° can be effective as a soil conditioner for horticultural production in calcareous sandy soils.
GRAPEVINE LEAVES AS A SOURCE OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS

The crude extracts of phenolic compounds were obtained from grapevine leaves using 80% acetone and 80% methanol (v/v). The content of total phenolic and condensed tannins was determined using Folin & Ciocalteau’s phenol reagent, vanillin/HCl reagent, and protein precipitation method. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were investigated using the total antioxidant activity (TAA), DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The content of individual phenolic acids was determined using the HPLC method. The content of total phenolics in grapevine leaves and their extracts determined in this study was high (257 mg/g acetone extract and 232 mg/g methanolic extract). The content of condensed tannins in acetone extract was higher than in the methanolic one. Antiradical activity of both extracts against DPPH radical and reducing power were similar and strong. The acetone and methanolic extracts exhibited TAA of 1.37 and 1.44 mmol Trolox/g, respectively. Vitis vinifera leaves extracts were observed to contain gallic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acid. Gallic acid was a dominant phenolic acid. The majority of phenolic acids were found in the form of esters.
Biomass and productivity of fine and coarse roots in five tropical mountain forests stands along an altitudinal transect in southern Ecuador

Background: Data on below-ground production of tropical montane forests along elevation gradients are scarce. Aims: To determine fine, coarse and large root biomass and productivity along a 2000 m elevation transect. Methods: In five south Ecuadorian mountain forests along a transect from 1000 to 3000 m above sea level, fine (< 2 mm diameter), coarse (2–50 mm) and large root biomass (> 50 mm) were analysed by soil coring and excavation of soil pits. Fine root production was estimated synchronously by three different approaches (sequential soil coring, the ingrowth core method, and the mini-rhizotron technique). Coarse and large root production was estimated by recording diameter increment using dendrometer tapes. Results: Fine root biomass increased four-fold between 1000 and 3000 m; coarse and large root biomass doubled. The three approaches for estimating fine root production yielded highly divergent results, with the mini-rhizotron approach giving the most reliable data, and indicating a significant increase in fine root production with elevation. Conclusions: Our results indicate a marked carbon allocation shift from above- to below-ground towards higher elevations, which is probably a consequence of increasing nutrient limitation of tree growth with increasing elevation.
Optic nerve disc mathematical parameterization and the statistical comparison with measurements

The paper deals with the automatic measurement of the optic nerve disc diagnostic parameters from eye fundus digital images. The automation gives objective measurements, in contrast to measurements by physicians that have large variance. The disc shape has been detected by the use of mathematical morphological operations, of Canny’s edge detection, of geometric Hough’s transformation and of the approximation by the least square method. The statistical tests confirm that there is no significant difference between measurements performed by physicians and automatic measurements.
Distance effects on short-term recolonization of Sargassum stenophyllum by mobile epifauna, with an analysis of gammarid life habits

We evaluated experimentally whether distance between patches of the brown alga Sargassum stenophyllum relative to the source of colonizers influenced colonization patterns by (1) mobile epifauna and (2) gammarid amphipods with distinct life habits. Amphipods were the dominant group, commonly dispersing to patches up to 8 m distant from the algal bed, with low densities of other faunal groups. Assemblage structure of both faunal groups and gammarid amphipods on defaunated algae generally converged to that of controls during the experiments in less than eight days. Gammarid amphipods were dominated by tube-dwellers, but free-living nestlers also colonized the available substrate, and both reached control densities during the study. The same pattern was observed for representative species within each group. Colonization rates were related to faunal densities on the algal bed for most groups, suggesting that mobile organisms disperse more to new habitat patches in high density conditions. Thus, species with direct development can rapidly establish new aggregations at favourable sites, and contribute to small-scale heterogeneity in faunal distribution.
Synthesis of 5-thio-L-fucose and its inhibitory effect on fucosidase

ABSTRACT 5-Thio-L-fucose was synthesized for the first time from D-glucose in 16 steps and -found to have a remarkable inhibitory effect on fucosidases from bovine epididymis (Ki 4.2x10−5 M) and kidney (Ki 8.4 x 10−5 M).