Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Adversarial Gray-Box Attacks Against Phishing Detectors

Although machine learning based algorithms have been extensively used for detecting phishing websites, there has been relatively little work on how adversaries may attack such “phishing detectors” (PDs for short). In this paper, we propose a set of Gray-Box attacks on PDs that an adversary may use which vary depending on the knowledge that he has about the PD. We show that these attacks severely degrade the effectiveness of several existing PDs. We then propose the concept of <italic>operation chains</italic> that iteratively map an original set of features to a new set of features and develop the “Protective Operation Chain” (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf POC}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">POC</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="apruzzese-ieq1-3210029.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for short) algorithm. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf POC}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">POC</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="apruzzese-ieq2-3210029.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> leverages the combination of random feature selection and feature mappings in order to increase the attacker's uncertainty about the target PD. Using 3 existing publicly available datasets plus a fourth that we have created and will release upon the publication of this article<sup>1</sup>, we show that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf POC}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">POC</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="apruzzese-ieq3-3210029.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is more robust to these attacks than past competing work, while preserving predictive performance when no adversarial attacks are present. Moreover, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf POC}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">POC</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="apruzzese-ieq4-3210029.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is robust to attacks on 13 different classifiers, not just one. These results are shown to be statistically significant at the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p < 0.001$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>. </mml:mo><mml:mn>001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="apruzzese-ieq5-3210029.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> level.
Grants and hurdles machine to machine Communication at Scale

The idea is to send a random number of preambles with each frame by dividing the data into perspective slots and transmitting them one at a time. Thanks to the interference-free channel setup using time slots with collision-free transmission, data packet decoding was made possible. Thus, In order to fulfill modulation scheme and decode, the base station (BS) utilised multiple access suppression (Expletive deleted) to block the outputs of such equipment in most all spaces. Evey stage should always be performed again until (BS) is unable to discover any spaces that permit fault delivery. By overcoming the original text and payload conflicts in grant free (GF) binary data, the number of required devices can be increased at the price of such gadgets’ energy usage due to numerous announcements. Adequate machine type communication (MTC) is a major aspect of the sensor networks when designing special economic zones, advanced manufacturing, and linked autos internet of things (IOT)
A Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for the Assessment of Muscle Atrophy in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Objective Muscle atrophy is observed in a subset of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Its manifestation is associated with a poor functional prognosis and poor response to immunomodulatory therapies. We evaluated muscle atrophy in patients with CIDP using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Methods We enrolled 12 patients with CIDP for a BIA of muscle atrophy. Of these 12 patients, 10 were diagnosed with typical CIDP, 1 with multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy, and 1 with distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy. All 12 patients underwent a series of assessments and evaluations, including a BIA and computed tomography (CT). A correlation was found between the skeletal muscle mass determined by the BIA and that found using CT of the muscles. Results The BIA provided values for each patient's skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) ranging from 4.1 to 8.1 kg/m2. Four of the patients with CIDP had SMI values below the threshold for sarcopenia. CT of the patients' muscles provided scores indicating grades of muscle atrophy in the upper and lower extremities. A comparison of the outcomes from these two measures showed a good correlation between their muscle atrophy ratings (p<0.05). Conclusion We found that a BIA and muscle CT provided muscle atrophy assessments of equivalent accuracy. Therefore, a BIA can be a simple alternative to muscle CT that is suitable for regular use in daily clinical practice as a reliable tool for assessing muscle atrophy in patients with CIDP.
Influence of Rayleigh Fading and Nakagami-m Cochannel Interference on Multi-branch SC Receiver Capacity Performance

In our paper, the channel capacity of multi-branch selection combining (SC) receiver under the influence of Rayleigh fading in wireless channels in the presence of CCI with Nakagami-m distribution is analyzed. The analytical results of observed system performance are presented in closed form expressions as finite series. By dint of some graphical results, parameters influence is shown. Furthermore, machine learning-based classification approach is introduced for Quality of Service (QoS) estimation with aim of service adaptability with respect to consumer demands.
Aftershock Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis of Major Earthquakes in Western Zagros in Iran and Verification of Two Applied Methods

ABSTRACT Aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (APSHA) is essentially useful for various earthquake engineering problems. In this paper, a series of aftershock seismic hazard analyses were conducted in western Zagros region in Iran using different approaches. The results were obtained in terms of exceedance probabilities of peak ground accelerations within different time intervals following the mainshock. The results were generally compatible with the recorded data; however, the accuracy depended on the causative fault geometry and spatial distribution of aftershocks. The accuracy decreased in shorter time intervals after the mainshock and also in longer time spans especially when strong aftershocks occurred.
Molecular Evaluating the Therapeutic Application of Anticancer L-glutaminase Enzyme on Genetic Mutation Induced Rats

The Genomic DNA had been extracted from the liver tissue of the experimental rat groups following 15 weeks of treatment with partial purified L-glutaminase enzyme from E.coli in relation with ethylamine. The DNA samples of all the six treatment groups were amplified by PCR using three different primers specific for determining the presence of P53, bax and G3pdh genes and detect the effect of Ethylenimine and L-glutaminase on the animals at the molecular level. The agarose gel electrophoresis technique used to analyze the PCR amplification products. The result revealed the presence of P53 gene in all treatment groups except for diseased group (T2). This finding demonstrates the mutagenic effect of Ethylenimine that lead to mutation at P53 gene sequence, and therapeutic beneficial of L-glutaminase. Also, there is no PCR amplification product which represent Bax gene sequence for T2 and T5 groups which were administered doses of Ethylenimine, indicating that low doses of L-glutaminase failed to prevent the mutagenic effect of Ethylenimine. While, the G3pd genes is presented only in T2 and T5. Finally, analysis the DNA sequences of the PCR amplified products extracted from liver samples of T2 group treated with Ethylenimine was carried out, then the results were compared with NCBI. The expected mutations were found at thirteen locals and there were only three mutated sequences with the DNA of liver samples from T5 group, while the DNA of animals in group (T6) were showed no mutated regions. The results of this novel study make clear the therapeutic effect of L-glutaminase and how suppress the mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of ethylenimine on P53, Bax, and G3pd genes, and its effect was dose dependent.
The First Reconstruction of the Head Anatomy of a Cretaceous Insect, †Gerontoformica gracilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the Early Evolution of Ants

Abstract The fossil record allows a unique glimpse into the evolutionary history of organisms living on Earth today. We discovered a specimen of the stem group ant †Gerontoformica gracilis (Barden and Grimaldi, 2014) in Kachin amber with near-complete preservation of internal head structures, which we document employing µ-computed-tomography-based 3D reconstructions. We compare †Gerontoformica to four outgroup taxa and four extant ant species, employing parsimony and Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction to identify morphological differences and similarities between stem and crown ants and thus improve our understanding of ant evolution through the lens of head anatomy. Of 149 morphological characters, 87 are new in this study, and almost all applicable to the fossil. †Gerontoformica gracilis shares shortened dorsal tentorial arms, basally angled pedicels, and the pharyngeal gland as apomorphies with other total clade Formicidae. Retained plesiomorphies include mandible shape and features of the prepharynx. Implications of the reconstructed transitions especially for the ant groundplan are critically discussed based on our restricted taxon sampling, emphasizing the crucial information derived from internal anatomy which is applied to deep time for the first time. Based on the falcate mandible in †Gerontoformica and other Aculeata, we present hypotheses for how the shovel-shaped mandibles in crown Formicidae could have evolved. Our results support the notion of †Gerontoformica as ‘generalized’ above-ground predator missing crucial novelties of crown ants which may have helped the latter survive the end-Cretaceous extinction. Our study is an important step for anatomical research on Cretaceous insects and a glimpse into the early evolution of ant heads. Graphical Abstract
Near Field Speckles

Elastic light scattering has been extensively used to study samples showing a non uniform refraction index on lengthscales from a fraction of a micrometer to a fraction of a millimeter. Typically, a wide laser beam is sent through the sample, and the light scattered at any angle is measured by a detector in the far field. In this Ph. D. thesis, I describe three new techniques, which allow to measure the scattering intensities, working in the near field: hOmoyne Near Field Speckles (ONFS), hEterodyne Near Field Speckles (ENFS) and Schlieren-like Near Field Speckles (SNFS). Basically, the experimental setup consists in a wide laser beam passing through the sample; a lens forms an image of a plane at a given distance from the cell on a CCD sensor. The image, in the near field, shows speckles, since it is formed by the stochastical interference of the light coming from a random sample. I show that, under suitable conditions, the correlation function of such a field closely mirrors the correlation function of the investigated sample; moreover, in general, from the correlation function of the speckle field it is possible to calculate the scattered intensity. I present for the first time a mathematical derivation of the working formulas for the three techniques, and experimental results.
Study of the Healthy Effects of Different Fat Ratios Mixtures of Omega-3 to Omega-6 in Male Mice with Alloxan-Induced Diabetes

This study was conducted at the Iraqi Center for Cancer Research / Al-Mustansiriya University / Baghdad Governorate, for the period from November 2020 to January 2021, to know healthy effects of different fat ratios mixtures of Omega-3 to Omega-6 in male mice with type 2 diabetes induced by Aloxan at a concentration of 100 mg / kg of weight. 32 mice aged (2-3) months and their weight (25-30) g were included. Four mice were isolated from them as a healthy control group and the remaining mice were injected with alloxan. Infected mice were divided into seven groups, one of which was untreated group (infected control), while the rest were treated with mixtures of different proportions of omega 6 and 3 fats. After the 30-day experiment, the biological study showed that the introduction of experimental diabetes mellitus with alloxan led to a higher Significant (p>0.01) and (P>0.05) in the concentration of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) compared with the proper control group. While it led to a significant decrease (p>0.01) and (p>0.05) in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in the affected control group, but when using mixtures of different proportions of omega-6 fats: Omega-3 led to a decrease in the concentration of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) compared with the infected and untreated control group and an increase in concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) cholesterol.
A Geographic Analysis of the Interdisciplinary Collaborations in the Brazilian Scientific Community

Interdisciplinary collaborations have recently attracted the attention of scholars, since they help bridging academic relationships and contribute to make scientific collaboration networks even stronger. However, previous works on this subject have mainly focused on characterizing such interdisciplinary collaborations in specific research groups or scientific communities. In this article, we start from a previous work in which we characterized the interdisciplinary collaborations within the entire Brazilian scientific community, as defined according to the upper level of the knowledge area classification scheme proposed by CNPq, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, considering the following eight major areas: Agrarian Sciences, Applied and Social Sciences, Biological Sciences, Engineering, Exact and Earth Sciences, Health Sciences, Humanities, and Linguistics, Letters and Arts. Based on this interdisciplinary collaboration network, we conducted a geographic analysis that characterizes how these collaborations have been spread across the Brazilian geographic regions. Overall, our results show strong collaborative ties involving the triad formed by the three main Brazilian geographic regions (Southeast, South and Northeast) for all major areas. Besides, three of the eight major areas (Agrarian Sciences, Biological Sciences, and Health Sciences) show a massive participation in interdisciplinary collaborations across all regions. Despite that, geographic proximity is an important factor, since the proportion of interdisciplinary collaborations involving researchers from the same region is high. Finally, we analyze the patterns of interdisciplinary collaboration by regions and by major areas, thus showing that the Brazilian interdisciplinary network is highly connected.
Optimal strokes for the 4-sphere swimmer at low Reynolds number in the regime of small deformations

The paper deals with the optimal control problem that arises when one studies the 4 sphere artiﬁcial swimmer at low Reynolds number. Composed of four spheres at the end of extensible arms, the swimmer is known to be able to swim in all directions and orientations in the 3D space. In this paper, optimal strokes, in terms of the energy expended by the swimmer to reach a prescribed net displacement, are fully described in the regime of small strokes. In particular, we introduce a bivector formalism to model the displacements that turns out to be elegant and practical. Numerical simulations are also provided that conﬁrm the theoretical predictions. Two trajectories are the same displacement and rotation δp such that Λ − , one in solid and the other in dotted line. The three picture correspond respectively to the front, side and top views of those two trajectories.
Chronic Kidney Disease Detection Using Machine Learning Technique

chronic kidney disease is a disorder that disables normal kidney function. The WHO has shown that CKD is a serious disease, ranked as one of the top twenty causes of death. It is recognized that2 million people worldwide suffer from kidney failure and the number of patients diagnosed with CDK continues to expand at a rate of 5-7% annually. late diagnosis of this disease is a life-threatening problem, which, often occurs in remote areas due to the lack of specialized medical personnel, in addition to the high cost of diagnosis. This paper aims at early detection of CDK using machine learning algorithms Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, and k-Nearest Neighbor. The importance of AI is reflected in the importance of identifying these typically fatal ailments. This study looks at a data set consisting of 400 samples and 13 features. The three classification techniques were evaluated by applying them to the data. The results show that the ANN classifier achieved the best accuracy at 99.2%.
Semi-groupes distributions, semi-groupes integres et problemes d'evolution

Le but du travail est l'etude des semi-groupes integres et leurs applications aux equations d'evolution lineaires dans les espaces de banach. Certaines equations d'evolution connues ne sont en effet pas resolubles directement par la methode des semi-groupes fortement continus. C'est le cas de l'equation des ondes et de l'equation de schroedinger sur les espaces l#p, p=2. Au chapitre i, on introduit les semi-groupes n fois integres locaux et, en utilisant la transformation de laplace finie, on obtient une caracterisation complexe de leurs generateurs. De tels problemes ne peuvent en general pas etre traites par les techniques usuelles de transformation de laplace. On etablit une correspondance complete entre les semi-groupes integres locaux et les semi-groupes distributions, ainsi que le lien avec les semi-groupes fortement continus sur les espaces de frechet. Le chapitre ii etudie le lien entre les problemes de cauchy d'ordre un et deux avec application a l'equation des ondes sur l#p(), ouvert borne de r#n. Au chapitre iii, en s'inspirant de la methode de descente de hadamard, on montre que la (fermeture de la) somme de n generateurs de fonctions cosinus qui commutent sur un espace de banach e engendre une fonction cosinus (n-1)/2 fois integree sur e. D'autre part, des methodes de representation permettent d'obtenir encore une fonction cosinus si on se place dans un cadre hilbertien. Le quatrieme chapitre est consacre a l'interpolation et a l'extrapolation des c-semi-groupes. L'interpolation, deja apparente dans les chapitres precedents, montre que dans l'etude d'un probleme concret, le choix de l'espace fonctionnel est fondamental
AN EXPANDING NEUTRAL HYDROGEN SUPERSHELL EVACUATED BY MULTIPLE SUPERNOVAE IN M101

Several neutral hydrogen (H i) cavities have been detected in the Milky Way and other nearby star-forming galaxies. It has been suggested that at least a fraction of them may be expanding supershells driven by the combined mechanical feedback from multiple supernovae (SNe) occurring in an OB association. Yet most extragalactic H i holes have neither a demonstrated expansion velocity nor an identified OB association inside them. In this work, we report on the discovery of an unbroken expanding H i supershell in the nearby spiral galaxy M101, with a UV-emitting young stellar association inside it. We measure its size (500 pc) and expansion velocity (20 km s−1) by identifying both its approaching and receding components in the position–velocity space, using 21 cm emission spectroscopy. This provides us with an ideal system to test the theory of supershells driven by the mechanical feedback from multiple SNe. The UV emission of the cluster inside the supershell is compared with simulated spectral energy distribution of synthetic clusters of the appropriate age (∼15 Myr). The observed UV flux is found to be consistent with an association of the appropriate mass (∼105 M☉) and age required by the energy budget of the supershell. Properties of this supershell and another previously reported in the same galaxy are used to infer its neutral hydrogen scale height and mean neutral hydrogen density in the disk. The presence of another UV-emitting stellar association in overdense swept-up gas is discussed in the context of propagating star formation.
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) Investigations and Molecular Docking Analysis of Plasmodium Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors as Potent Antimalarial Agents

The development of farnesyltransferase inhibitors based on the benzophenone scaffold directed against Plasmodium falciparum is considered a strategy in malaria treatment. In this work, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) was performed to predict the protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) inhibitory activities for a series of 36 benzophenone derivatives. The data set was divided into two subsets of training and test sets, and the best model using multiple linear regression (MLR), with the values of internal and external validity (R2 = 0.884, R2adj = 0.865, R2pred = 0.821, Q2cv =0.822 and R2p=0.811) was found in agreement with the Tropsha and Golbraikh criteria. The applicability domain (AD) was determined using the Williams plot to describe the chemical space for the model used in this study. The model shows that antimalarial activities of benzophenone depend on logP, bpol, MAXDn, and FMF descriptors. These indications prompted us to design new benzophenones PFT inhibitors and predict the value of their anti-malarial activities based on the MLR equation. Docking results reveal that the newly designed benzophenones bind to the hydrophobic pocket and polar contact with high affinity. The predicted results from this study can help to design novel benzophenone as inhibitors of human PFT with high antimalarial activities.
Comment on two recent papers regarding next-to-leading order spin-spin effects in gravitational interaction

It is argued that the tetrad in a recent paper by Porto and Rothstein on gravitational spin-spin coupling should not have the given form. The fixation of that tetrad was suggested by Steinhoff, Hergt, and Schaefer as a possible source for the disagreement found in the spin-squared dynamics. However, this inconsistency will only show up in the next-to-leading order spin-orbit dynamics and not in the spin-squared dynamics. Instead, the disagreement found at the next-to-leading order spin-squared level is due to a sign typo in the spin-squared paper by Porto and Rothstein.