Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Mannheimia haemolytica A2, A7, and A2 and A7 combined expressing iron regulated outer membrane protein as a vaccine against intratracheal challenge exposure in sheep

This experimental study was done on a total of 40 male lambs with the objectives of developing experimental vaccines from Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes A2 and A7 that express iron regulated outer membrane protein and in vivo evaluation of their efficacy. Lambs were categorized in to four experimental groups and vaccinated with 1 ml of vaccine containing 5 × 108 CFU/ml. Group 1 was vaccinated with M. haemolytica A2, group 2 with A7, group 3 with serotype A2 and A7 combination, and group 4 received saline as control. They were challenged intratracheally by the respective homologous serotype after 35 days of vaccination. Post challenge clinical investigation showed that significant higher rate of morbidity was seen in control group which was demonstrated by raised rectal temperature (by 0.5-1°C) and respiratory signs. From the total of 26 lambs challenged with live M. haemolytica A2 and A7, 6 (23.1%) and 4 (15.3%) lambs were found dead and sick, respectively. Higher mortality and morbidity were observed in unvaccinated control group; however, lesser was recorded in combined vaccinated group. Lung lesions of variable severity were observed in 13 (50.0%) lambs following challenge. From vaccinated groups, 5 (27.8%) lambs were found to have a +1 lung lesion score. All of the lambs in unvaccinated control group had scores between +2 and +3. There was a statistically significant difference (p 0.05) was seen among vaccinated groups concerning lung lesion scores. Furthermore, the respective serotypes of M. haemolytica were successfully re-isolated from pneumonic lungs at a mean titre range of 102.2 – 108.1 CFU/g. In conclusion, lambs which received combined vaccine confer relatively good protective efficacy than M. haemolytica A2 or A7 vaccinated groups. Therefore, further study should be done on evaluation of antibody titer at different time points. Key words: Challenge, efficacy, lambs, lung lesion score, Mannheimia heamolytica, morbidity, mortality.
Time with peers from middle childhood to late adolescence: developmental course and adjustment correlates.

This study examined the developmental course and adjustment correlates of time with peers from age 8 to 18. On seven occasions over 8 years, the two eldest siblings from 201 European American, working- and middle-class families provided questionnaire and/or phone diary data. Multilevel models revealed that girls' time with mixed-/opposite-sex peers increased beginning in middle childhood, but boys' time increased beginning in early adolescence. For both girls and boys, time with same-sex peers peaked in middle adolescence. At the within-person level, unsupervised time with mixed-/opposite-sex peers longitudinally predicted problem behaviors and depressive symptoms, and supervised time with mixed-/opposite-sex peers longitudinally predicted better school performance. Findings highlight the importance of social context in understanding peer involvement and its implications for youth development.
Iloprost inhalation redistributes pulmonary perfusion and decreases arterial oxygenation in healthy volunteers

Background: Previous studies have shown that ventilation–perfusion matching is improved in the prone as compared with that in the supine position. Regional differences in the regulation of vascular tone may explain this. We have recently demonstrated higher production of nitric oxide in dorsal compared with ventral human lung tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate regional differences in actions by another vasoactive mediator, namely prostacyclin. The effects on gas exchange and regional pulmonary perfusion in different body positions were investigated at increased prostacyclin levels by inhalation of a synthetic prostacyclin analogue and decreased prostacyclin levels by unselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition.
Trifilar-coupling QVCO using 0.35-µm SiGe HBT technology

This paper demonstrates a trifilar-coupling QVCO with two coupling paths provided by the trifilar transformers. These two coupling paths achieve the output voltage swing optimization and the quadrature signal generation, respectively. Consequently, the trifilar-coupling QVCO using 0.35-mum SiGe HBT technology achieves the 188-dBc/Hz FOM at a 2-V supply.
Toward the semisynthesis of multidomain transmembrane receptors: Modification of Eph tyrosine kinases

Expressed protein ligation (EPL) is a protein engineering approach that allows the modification or assembly of a target protein from multiple recombinant and synthetic polypeptides. EPL has been previously used to modify intracellular proteins and small integral membrane proteins for structural and functional studies. Here we describe the semisynthetic site‐specific modification of the complete, multidomain extracellular regions of both A and B classes of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. We show that the ectodomains of these receptors can be ligated to different peptides under carefully established experimental conditions, while their biological activity is retained. This work extends the boundaries of the EPL technique for semisynthesis of multidomain, extracellular, disulfide‐bonded, and glycosylated proteins and highlights its potential application for reconstituting entire single‐pass transmembrane proteins.
Multinational GAs: Multimodal Optimization Techniques in Dynamic Environments

Fitness landscapes of real world problems are in general considered to be complex and often with both local and global peaks. In the static case the local peaks are interesting because they represent other potential solutions to the problem. In dynamic problems the fitness landscape changes over time, so a local optimum might rise and become the new global optimum. In this context it would be beneficial to search for both local and global optima, because the algorithm would then have performed most of the search when the global optimum change. This paper describes the multinational GA and its application to six dynamic problems. The multinational GA is a self-organized genetic algorithm for multimodal optimization, which structures the population into subpopulations based on a method for detecting valleys in the fitness landscape. The experiments showed that multimodal optimization techniques are useful when optimizing dynamic problems with multiple peaks. A non-adaptive version was tested against a self-adaptive algorithm with genetic encoded parameters. The self-adaptive version outperformed the non-adaptive on a simple dynamic problem. However, this was not the case on a slightly more complex problem.
Biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulphate: mechanism of epimerization of glucuronyl C-5.

In the biosynthesis of heparin and heparan sulphate, D-glucuronic acid residues are converted into L-iduronic acid (IdoA) units by C-5 epimerization, at the polymer level. The reaction catalysed by the epimerase occurs by reversible abstraction and readdition of a proton at C-5 of target hexuronic acid residues, through a carbanion intermediate, with or without an inversion of configuration at C-5 [Prihar, Campbell, Feingold, Jacobsson, Jensen, Lindahl and Rodén (1980) Biochemistry 19, 495-500]. Incubation of chemically N-sulphated capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli K5 ([4GlcAbeta1-4GlcNSO(3)alpha1-](n)), or of O-desulphated heparin (predominantly [4IdoAalpha1-4GlcNSO(3)alpha1-](n)) with purified C-5 epimerase from bovine liver, resulted in the interconversion of glucuronic acid and IdoA residues, which reached equilibrium (30-40% IdoA/total hexuronic acid) after approx. 1 h of incubation. Similar incubations performed in the presence of (3)H(2)O resulted in progressive labelling at C-5 of the target hexuronic acid units of either substrate polysaccharide. Contrary to chemical D-gluco/L-ido equilibrium, established within 1 h of incubation, the accumulation of (3)H label continued for at least 6 h. This isotope effect suggests that the second stage of the reaction, i.e. the re-addition of a proton to the carbanion intermediate, is the rate-limiting step of the overall process. Analysis of the 5-(3)H-labelled polysaccharide products showed that the (3)H was approximately equally distributed between glucuronic acid and IdoA units, irrespective of incubation time (from 15 min to 72 h) and of the relative proportions of the two epimers in the substrate. This finding points to a catalytic mechanism in which the abstraction and re-addition of C-5 protons are effected by two polyprotic bases, presumably lysine residues. Previous experiments relating to the biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate were similarly interpreted in terms of a two-base epimerization mechanism but differed from the present findings by implicating one monoprotic and one polyprotic base function [Hannesson, Hagner-McWhirter, Tiedemann, Lindahl and Malmström (1996) Biochem. J. 313, 589-596].
Functional and Neuromuscular Changes after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Rats.

PURPOSE This study was designed to highlight the functional impairments and the neuromuscular adaptations following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in rat. METHODS Animals were randomized into five groups: control (n = 8), SHAM-1wk (n = 6), SHAM-5wk (n = 8), ACL-1wk (n = 8), and ACL-5wk (n = 8). Rats performed three behavioral tests (the ladder-climbing test, the dynamic weight-bearing distribution, and the dynamic function assessment during locomotion) before the surgery (PRE) and at day (D) 1 (D1), D2, D3, D5, D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35 after ACL transection. Electrophysiological recordings, including responses of muscle metabosensitive afferents to a combination of specific chemical activators, namely, lactic acid and potassium chloride, and the quadriceps motor reflex activity, were performed at D7 (ACL-1wk) and at D35 (SHAM and ACL-5wk). RESULTS Behavioral results indicated an alteration of both weight-bearing distribution over the four paws and fine motor skills (ladder-climbing test) for the injured animals. Maximal motor reflex amplitude was higher after ACL injury compared with the other groups. Moreover, the regulation of motor reflex induced by metabosensitive afferents was perturbed from the first week after ACL transection, without affecting the response of these muscle afferents to their specific stimuli. CONCLUSIONS This study brings some new evidence about the motor dysfunctions and spinal adaptations after ACL rupture in rats. Such information might be needed for assessing, in our animal model, the effectiveness of the diverse functional rehabilitation strategies used in human clinic after knee injuries.
Systemic and mucosal antibody responses to toxin A in patients infected with Clostridium difficile.

The systemic and mucosal humoral response to toxin A, the primary virulence factor of Clostridium difficile, was measured in sera and intestinal secretions from 21 patients with C. difficile diarrhea, 9 asymptomatic C. difficile fecal excretors, and 10 noncolonized control subjects. Toxin A-specific IgG was higher in convalescent sera of the patients with diarrhea (mean +/- SE, 990 +/- 260 ng/mL) than in acute sera (620 +/- 150 ng/mL), in sera from asymptomatic excretors (410 +/- 140 ng/mL), or control subjects (320 +/- 50 ng/mL; P < .05 convalescent vs. control). The pattern of toxin A-specific serum IgA and intestinal secretory IgA levels was similar to that of serum IgG in these groups. Neutralization of toxin A was demonstrated in 5 of 14 convalescent sera but only 1 of 13 acute sera (P = .04). However, the presence of neutralizing activity was independent of the subsequent clinical response. Therefore, most patients convalescent from C. difficile diarrhea demonstrate systemic and mucosal antibodies to toxin A, but these antibodies following natural infection do not appear to alter the clinical course of C. difficile infection.
[Further examination of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Magy) in a community sample of young adolescents].

INTRODUCTION The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Magy) is a brief instrument suitable for assessing and screening childhood behavior and mental problems, available in parent and teacher, and from 11 years of age, self-report versions. The aim of the present study was to extend our previous investigation in a community sample to an older age group, to examine its psychometric properties, and to assess cross-informant agreements and differences, effects of gender and age, as well as to determine cut-off points between normal and abnormal scores within the community sample. METHODS Parent, teacher, and self-report questionnaire data were collected on 286 pupils of 12-17 years of age. RESULTS With a few exceptions, internal consistencies of the scales were satisfactory, the teacher-reports showing the highest reliability. Regarding scale means, there were few significant differences from the British normative data. Correlations among problem scales were weak to moderate, and only self and parent reports showed moderate interrater agreements. Boys scored higher on Conduct problems and Hyperactivity scales, girls were reported to show more Prosocial behaviors and Emotional symptoms. Children's age affected teacher reports only, showing an increase of problems with age. We propose cut-off values for separating normal and clinical ranges. CONCLUSIONS Psychometric properties and inter-correlations of the SDQ scales, as well as gender differences are consistent with the previous Hungarian and international studies. Rater differences found on certain scales suggest contextual effects on problematic behaviors, discrepancies between informants, and their potentially importance for researchers and mental health professionals.
MulWiFi: Flexible Policy Enforcement in Multi-Radio High-Speed WiFi Networks

As data rates in 802.11 Wireless LANs (WLANs) scale to Gbps, it becomes increasingly challenging for a single radio resource to meet the goals of high MAC efficiency, service differentiation, and adaptability to diverse network scenarios. We present MulWiFi, a system that uses a cen-tralized controller to manage multiple off-the-shelf radios in a single device for addressing challenges in high-speed WLANs. MulWiFi allows flexible policy enforcement based on ap-plication requirements and channel state information at each radio. MulWiFi offers the ability to (a) customize the MAC based on application requirements and network scenarios, (b) assign different roles to radios, (c) improve MAC throughput efficiency at high data rates, and (d) combine fragmented channels. We demonstrate the early promise of MulWiFi through three case studies and discuss future opportunities and challenges.
Induction of protooncogene fos by extracellular signals in primary glial cell cultures

In the present study various extracellular factors, acting through different second messenger systems, were examined for their capacity to increase the level of c‐fos mRNA in primary glial cell cultures. In particular EGF, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate, the beta‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, and the glutamate agonists, ibotenic and quisqualic acid, were studied. All the extracellular stimuli tested induced a rapid and transient increase in c‐fos mRNA level in glial cell cultures regardless of the signal transduction pathway and the final effect on cell proliferation.
Smartphone-Based 3 D Navigation Technique for Use in a Museum Exhibit

3D Virtual Environment (3DVE) comes up as a good solution for transmitting knowledge in a museum exhibit. However, interaction techniques involved in such settings are mostly based on traditional devices such as keyboard and mouse. Recently, the popular use of smartphone as a personal handled computer lets us envision the use of mobile device as an interaction support with these 3DVE. In this paper, we focus on the navigation task inside a 3DVE and we propose to use the smartphone as a tangible object. Physical actions on the smartphone trigger translations and rotations in the 3DVE. In order to prove the interest in the use of the smartphone, we compare our solution with available solutions: keyboardmouse and 3D mouse. User experiments confirmed our hypothesis and particularly emphasizes that visitors find our solution more attractive and stimulating. Keywords-interaction with smarpthone, 3D navigation, museum exhibit, experiment.
Détection de contradiction dans les commentaires

L'analyse des avis (commentaires) generes par les utilisateurs devient de plus en plus exploitable par une variete d'applications. Elle permet de suivre l'evolution des avis ou d'effectuer des enquetes sur des produits. La detection d'avis contradictoires autour d'une ressource Web (ex. cours, film, produit, etc.) est une tâche importante pour evaluer cette derniere. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur le probleme de detection des contradictions et de la mesure de leur intensite en se basant sur l'analyse du sentiment autour des aspects specifiques a une ressource (document). Premierement, nous identifions certains aspects, selon les distributions des termes emotionnels au voisinage des noms les plus frequents dans l'ensemble des commentaires. Deuxiemement, nous estimons la polarite de chaque segment de commentaire contenant un aspect. Ensuite, nous prenons uniquement les ressources contenant ces aspects avec des polarites opposees (positive, negative). Troisiemement, nous introduisons une mesure de l'intensite de la contradiction basee sur la dispersion conjointe de la polarite et du rating des commentaires contenant les aspects au sein de chaque ressource. Nous evaluons l'efficacite de notre approche sur une collection de MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) contenant 2244 cours et leurs 73873 commentaires, collectes a partir de Coursera. Nos resultats montrent l'efficacite de l'approche proposee pour capturer les contradictions de maniere significative.
E-cadherin expression is inversely proportional to tumor size in experimental liver metastases.

OBJECTIVE The role of E-cadherin in the metastatic process remains controversial. In this study, we examined what role E-cadherin plays in relation to tumor size and microvessel density (MVD) of the liver metastatic lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS In F344 male rats, metastatic lesions were made by injecting RCN-9 cells into the spleen. We performed an immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin and MVD in the metastatic lesions. According to a previous report, we focused on tumor sizes ranging from 2 to 3 mm, and the metastatic nodules were divided into two groups considering the value of the MVD. RESULTS The expression of E-cadherin was inversely proportional to tumor size (r = -0.882, P < 0.0001). MVD was directly proportional to metastatic tumor size (r = 0.726, P = 0.001). MVD in group A, in which the tumor size was 2.3 mm or more, was significantly higher than that in group B, in which the tumor size was less than 2.3 mm (3.13 +/- 1.65% vs 1.75 +/- 0.27%; P = 0.0069). The expression ratio of E-cadherin in group A was 28.21 +/- 16.36%, while it was 82.33 +/- 16.35% in group B (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION In liver metastasis, E-cadherin's function is preserved when the tumor is small and E-cadherin's expression is reduced in large tumors in which neovascularization is increased.
Suppressing Aeroelastic Instability Using Broadband Passive Targeted Energy Transfers , Part 1 : Theory

We study passive and nonlinear targeted energy transfers induced by resonant interactions between a singledegree-of-freedom nonlinear energy sink (NES) and a 2-DOF in-flow rigid wing model.We show that it is feasible to partially or even completely suppress aeroelastic instability by passively transferring vibration energy from thewing to the NES in a one-way irreversible fashion. Moreover, this instability suppression is performed by partially or completely eliminating its triggering mechanism. Numerical parametric studies identify three main mechanisms for suppressing aeroelastic instability: recurring burstout and suppression, intermediate suppression, and complete elimination.We investigate thesemechanisms both numerically by theHilbert–Huang transformand analytically by a complexification-averaging technique. Each suppressionmechanism involves strong 1:1 resonance capture during which the NES absorbs and dissipates a significant portion of energy fed from the flow to the wing. Failure of suppression is associated with restoring the underlying triggering mechanism of instability, which is a series of superharmonic resonance captures followed by escapes from resonance. Finally, using a numerical continuation technique, we perform a bifurcation analysis to examine sensitive dependence on initial conditions and thus robustness of instability suppression.
Two Dimerization Domains in the Trans-activation Response RNA-binding Protein (TRBP) Individually Reverse the Protein Kinase R Inhibition of HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Expression*

Trans-activation response (TAR) RNA-binding protein (TRBP) is a cellular protein that binds to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) TAR element RNA. It has two double-stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs), but only one is functional for TAR binding. TRBP interacts with the interferon-induced protein kinase R (PKR) and inhibits its activity. We used the yeast two-hybrid assay to map the interaction sites between the two proteins. We show that TRBP and PKR-N (178 first amino acids of PKR) interact with PKR wild type and inhibit the PKR-induced yeast growth defect in this assay. We characterized two independent PKR-binding sites in TRBP. These sites are located in each dsRBD in TRBP, indicating that PKR-TRBP interaction does not require the RNA binding activity present only in dsRBD2. TRBP and its fragments that interact with PKR reverse the PKR-induced suppression of HIV-1 long terminal repeat expression. In addition, TRBP activates the HIV-1 long terminal repeat expression to a larger extent than the addition of each domain. These data suggest that TRBP activates gene expression in PKR-dependent and PKR-independent manners.
Interactive Multiresolution Editing and Display of Large Terrains

In recent years, many systems have been developed for the real‐time display of very large terrains. While many of these techniques combine high‐quality rendering with impressive performance, most make the fundamental assumption that the terrain is represented by a fixed height map that cannot be altered at run time. Such systems frequently rely on extensive preprocessing of the raw terrain data. They are mostly designed for maximum performance. Consequently, these techniques are ill‐suited for the many applications such as geological simulations and games in which terrain surfaces must be altered interactively.
Roles of cheY and cheZ gene products in controlling flagellar rotation in bacterial chemotaxis of Escherichia coli

To understand output control in bacterial chemotaxis, we varied the levels of expression of cellular cheY and cheZ genes and found that the overproduction of the corresponding proteins affected Escherichia coli swimming behavior. In the absence of other signal-transducing gene products, CheY overproduction made free-swimming cells tumble more frequently. A plot of the fraction of the population that are tumbling versus the CheY concentration was hyperbolic, with half of the population tumbling at 30 microM (25,000 copies per cell) CheY monomers in the cytosol. Overproduction of aspartate receptor (Tar) by 30-fold had a negligible effect on CheY-induced tumbling, so Tar does not sequester CheY. CheZ overproduction decreased tumbling in all tumbling mutants except certain flaAII(cheC) mutants. In the absence of other chemotaxis gene products, CheZ overproduction inhibited CheY-induced tumbling. Models for CheY as a tumbling signal and CheZ as a smooth-swimming signal to control flagellar rotation are discussed.