Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-Aware Mobile Application Task Offloading to the Cloud

One of the benefits of mobile cloud computing is the ability to offload mobile applications to the cloud for many reasons including performance enhancement and reduced resource consumption. This paper is concerned with offloading of context-aware mobile applications, in which actions or tasks are executed in certain contexts and offloading those tasks needs to be itself context-aware to be advantageous. The paper investigates candidate techniques and development models in the literature to identify suitable ones. Accordingly, the paper proposes the practical Context-Aware Mobile applications Offloading (CAMO) development model, which we developed in Java for the Android platform. Programmers can exploit the independency of the tasks of a typical context-aware mobile application and use CAMO to profile each task in isolation on the mobile and the cloud. The paper introduces the concept of a task-offloading plan in which programmers specify a criterion and/or an objective for offloading a task in a specific context. Offloading criteria allow rapid offloading in case the mobile environment does not change frequently. Based on the profiling results, programmers can use the classes and methods of CAMO to develop one or more custom offloading plans for each task or use pre-specified plans, criterion and objectives. We provide three example tasks with details of their profiling and analysis for developing corresponding offloading plans. CAMO is general and flexible enough for offloading any application partitioned into independent modules. Empirical evaluation shows extreme satisfaction of mobile application developers with its capabilities.
Optimal and Suboptimal Velocity Estimators for ArcSAR With Distributed Target

Two new methods of radial velocity estimation for distributed targets in arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (ArcSAR) systems, namely, the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) and the suboptimal method based on the least squares estimation (LSE), are proposed, derived, and analyzed. To this end, we establish that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> scatterers of the distributed target are uniformly dispersed within the radar resolution cell of dimensions <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a \times b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and they move randomly at different velocities. Furthermore, the effect of the antenna pattern is considered to characterize the amplitude of the scattered signal. Thus, from the coherent integration of the scatters at each pulse repetition interval in radar scanning, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> data sequences are obtained as samples of the composite signal, which follows a multivariate normal distribution. From this, the covariance matrix, upon which the methods are based, is derived. Simulations have been carried out to compare the new methods with existing methods, namely, phase, energy, and correlation, as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, the results show that the MLE and LSE methods outperform the conventional methods, providing a gain of more than 10 dB.
Magnetic cores modeling for ferroresonance computations using the harmonic balance method

The determination of the risk of ferroresonance in actual HV or MV networks and the design of damping devices need the use of accurate models. In this frame, the nonlinear parts of the circuits, i.e. the magnetic cores, requires a special attention. This paper describes a modeling of the magnetization curve and the core losses appropriate for ferroresonance computations using the harmonic balance method. Tests performed in order to get the parameters are discussed.
Psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from permanently cold arctic marine sediments: description of Desulfofrigus oceanense gen. nov., sp. nov., Desulfofrigus fragile sp. nov., Desulfofaba gelida gen. nov., sp. nov., Desulfotalea psychrophila gen. nov., sp. nov. and Desulfotalea arctica s

Five psychrophilic, Gram-negative, sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from marine sediments off the coast of Svalbard. All isolates grew at the in situ temperature of -1.7 degrees C. In batch cultures, strain PSv29T had the highest growth rate at 7 degrees C, strains ASv26T and LSv54T had the highest growth rate at 10 degrees C, and strains LSv21T and LSv514T had the highest growth rate at 18 degrees C. The new isolates used the most common fermentation products in marine sediments, such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and hydrogen, but only strain ASv26T was able to oxidize fatty acids completely to CO2. The new strains had growth optima at neutral pH and marine salt concentration, except for LSv54T which grew fastest with 1% NaCl. Sulfite and thiosulfate were used as electron acceptors by strains ASv26T, PSv29T and LSv54T, and all strains except PSv29T grew with Fe3+ (ferric citrate) as electron acceptor. Chemotaxonomy based on cellular fatty acid patterns and menaquinones showed good agreement with the phylogeny based on 16S rRNA sequences. All strains belonged to the delta subclass of Proteobacteria but had at least 9% evolutionary distance from known sulfate reducers. Due to the phylogenetic and phenotypic differences between the new isolates and their closest relatives, establishment of the new genera Desulfotalea gen. nov., Desulfofaba gen. nov. and Desulfofrigus gen. nov. is proposed, with strain ASv26T as the type strain of the type species Desulfofrigus oceanense sp. nov., LSv21T as the type strain of Desulfofrigus fragile sp. nov., PSv29T as the type strain of the type species Desulfofaba gelida sp. nov., LSv54T as the type strain of the type species Desulfotalea psychrophila sp. nov. and LSv514T as the type strain of Desulfotalea arctica sp. nov.
Seamless Access Internet using Wi fi in Dynamic Vehicles

In wireless communication, the connections will be either unstable or dynamic. Hence the connections will be easily disturbed by the interrupts like noise. Now-a-days mobile networks provide the internet connections with expensive cost. Cellular networks suffer from offloading and overloading problem due to the explosive growth of mobile users in moving vehicles. WIFI technology is used to provide the efficient internet connectivity for the moving vehicles. WIFI technology has some advantages compared with the cellular networks, such as, low cost and high peak throughput. To avoid the offloading problem and delays in the internet access over moving vehicles, the access point diversity technique is used. For example multiple access points can be fixed in the road side. When the client can enters that environment, it can communicate with the group of access point through the up link. Each access point may have different ranges. So, when the client is moving from one access point to another access point, the delays may be occurred due to the hand off technique. Hence the virtual access point is created in order to avoid the delays. Virtual access point is the one, in which all the access points are configured with the same MAC and IP address. If the transmission is succeed access point send the information to the client through the multi cast communication. Then the access points dynamically follow the client and deliver the packets.
Force-free collisionless current sheet models with non-uniform temperature and density profiles

We present a class of one-dimensional, strictly neutral, Vlasov-Maxwell equilibrium distribution functions for force-free current sheets, with magnetic fields defined in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, extending the results of Abraham-Shrauner [Phys. Plasmas 20, 102117 (2013)] to allow for non-uniform density and temperature profiles. To achieve this, we use an approach previously applied to the force-free Harris sheet by Kolotkov et al. [Phys. Plasmas 22, 112902 (2015)]. In one limit of the parameters, we recover the model of Kolotkov et al. [Phys. Plasmas 22, 112902 (2015)], while another limit gives a linear force-free field. We discuss conditions on the parameters such that the distribution functions are always positive and give expressions for the pressure, density, temperature, and bulk-flow velocities of the equilibrium, discussing the differences from previous models. We also present some illustrative plots of the distribution function in velocity space.
Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin: importance of native conformation for induction of neutralizing antibodies

We have attempted to express the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin in Escherichia coli. Although the 95-kDa VacA polypeptide was expressed abundantly, it completely lacked any biological activity. In addition, this material failed to induce neutralizing antibodies after immunization of rabbits. In contrast, highly purified high-molecular-mass cytotoxin from the supernatant of H. pylori cultures was active in a HeLa cell assay and effectively induced a neutralizing response in rabbits. Neutralizing sera were shown to contain a high proportion of antibodies which recognized conformational epitopes found only on the native toxin. The data indicate that toxin-neutralizing epitopes are conformational and that potential vaccines based on the cytotoxin may benefit from the use of the intact molecule.
Design, Identification, and Sensitivity Analysis for Patient Preference Trials

Abstract Social and medical scientists are often concerned that the external validity of experimental results may be compromised because of heterogeneous treatment effects. If a treatment has different effects on those who would choose to take it and those who would not, the average treatment effect estimated in a standard randomized controlled trial (RCT) may give a misleading picture of its impact outside of the study sample. Patient preference trials (PPTs), where participants’ preferences over treatment options are incorporated in the study design, provide a possible solution. In this paper, we provide a systematic analysis of PPTs based on the potential outcomes framework of causal inference. We propose a general design for PPTs with multi-valued treatments, where participants state their preferred treatments and are then randomized into either a standard RCT or a self-selection condition. We derive nonparametric sharp bounds on the average causal effects among each choice-based subpopulation of participants under the proposed design. We also propose a sensitivity analysis for the violation of the key ignorability assumption sufficient for identifying the target causal quantity. The proposed design and methodology are illustrated with an original study of partisan news media and its behavioral impact. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
Comparison of the radar clutter cancellation performance of post- and pre-Doppler STAP for ground moving target identification from an experimental airborne surveillance radar

Within this paper we report our study that compared the performance of pre-Doppler and post-Doppler STAP processing algorithms applied to the same radar trials data, collected by QinetiQ's Enhanced Surveillance Radar. The performance of these algorithms was quantified by clutter cancellation ratios and target signal improvement factors (the ratio of the signal to clutter plus noise ratios with and without STAP processing). We have shown that pre-Doppler and post-Doppler STAP may be tuned to give the same level of clutter cancellation. We present results in which bright target signatures are seen to affect the STAP processors and reduce the overall clutter cancellation. We have found that for our two phase center trials radar data, PRI staggered post-Doppler STAP gives greatly enhanced clutter cancellation compared to the simple fixed window post-Doppler STAP. The application of either moving window or auxiliary bin post-Doppler STAP was found to degrade the processor output. The importance of normalizing the final range Doppler map to prevent the amplification of thermal noise and remove the weight-norm variation as a function of Doppler is shown to be a critical step to allow interpretation and application of detection algorithms after STAP processing.
Efficient implementation of the GW approximation within the all-electron FLAPW method

We present an implementation of the GW approximation for the electronic self-energy within the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. The algorithm uses an all-electron mixed product basis for the representation of response matrices and related quantities. This basis is derived from the FLAPW basis and is exact for wave-function products. The singularity of the bare and screened interaction potentials gives rise to a numerically important self-energy contribution, which we treat analytically to achieve good convergence with respect to the k-point sampling. As numerical realizations of the GW approximation typically suffer from the high computational expense required for the evaluation of the nonlocal and frequency-dependent self-energy, we demonstrate how the algorithm can be made very efficient by exploiting spatial and time-reversal symmetry as well as by applying an optimization of the mixed product basis that retains only the numerically important contributions of the electron-electron interaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that one can employ an extrapolar approximation for high-lying states to reduce the number of empty states that must be taken into account explicitly in the construction of the polarization function and the self-energy. We show convergence tests, CPU timings, and results for prototype semiconductors and insulators as well as ferromagnetic nickel.
Clinical and molecular characterization of a re‐established line of sheep exhibiting hemophilia A

Summary. Background: Large animal models that accurately mimic human hemophilia A (HA) are in great demand for developing and testing novel therapies to treat HA. Objectives: To re‐establish a line of sheep exhibiting a spontaneous bleeding disorder closely mimicking severe human HA, fully characterize their clinical presentation, and define the molecular basis for disease. Patients/methods: Sequential reproductive manipulations were performed with cryopreserved semen from a deceased affected ram. The resultant animals were examined for hematologic parameters, clinical symptoms, and responsiveness to human FVIII (hFVIII). The full coding region of sheep FVIII mRNA was sequenced to identify the genetic lesion. Results and conclusions: The combined reproductive technologies yielded 36 carriers and 8 affected animals. The latter had almost non‐existent levels of FVIII:C and extremely prolonged aPTT, with otherwise normal hematologic parameters. These animals exhibited bleeding from the umbilical cord, prolonged tail and nail cuticle bleeding time, and multiple episodes of severe spontaneous bleeding, including hemarthroses, muscle hematomas and hematuria, all of which responded to hFVIII. Inhibitors of hFVIII were detected in four treated animals, further establishing the preclinical value of this model. Sequencing identified a premature stop codon and frame‐shift in exon 14, providing a molecular explanation for HA. Given the decades of experience using sheep to study both normal physiology and a wide array of diseases and the high homology between human and sheep FVIII, this new model will enable a better understanding of HA and facilitate the development and testing of novel treatments that can directly translate to HA patients.
Relationship of Body Weight Parameters with the Incidence of Common Spontaneous Tumors in Tg.rasH2 Mice

The mechanistic relationship between increased food consumption, increased body weights, and increased incidence of tumors has been well established in 2-year rodent models. Body weight parameters such as initial body weights, terminal body weights, food consumption, and the body weight gains in grams and percentages were analyzed to determine whether such relationship exists between these parameters with the incidence of common spontaneous tumors in Tg.rasH2 mice. None of these body weight parameters had any statistically significant relationship with the incidence of common spontaneous tumors in Tg.rasH2 males, namely lung tumors, splenic hemangiosarcomas, nonsplenic hemangiosarcomas, combined incidence of all hemangiosarcomas, and Harderian gland tumors. These parameters also did not have any statistically significant relationship with the incidence of lung and Harderian gland tumors in females. However, in females, increased initial body weights did have a statistically significant relationship with the nonsplenic hemangiosarcomas, and increased terminal body weights did have a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of splenic hemangiosarcomas, nonsplenic hemangiosarcomas, and the combined incidence of all hemangiosarcomas. In addition, increased body weight gains in grams and percentages had a statistically significant relationship with the combined incidence of all hemangiosarcomas in females, but not separately with splenic and nonsplenic hemangiosarcomas.
In vitro and in vivo inhibition of lysyl oxidase by aminopropionitriles.

Inhibition of lysyl oxidase (protein-lysine 6-oxidase, EC 1.4.3.13) decreases the rate of collagen and elastin cross-link formation and produces osteolathyrism in animals. Organic nitriles, including beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), have been shown to irreversibly inhibit lysyl oxidase in vitro. Both BAPN and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) have been shown to produce osteolathyric changes when administered to animals. To date compounds that have been reported to inhibit this enzyme possess a primary amine functional group. In this study a series of primary and substituted aminopropionitriles was studied for their ability to inhibit lysyl oxidase activity both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that of the compounds tested, BAPN was the most potent inhibitor of the enzyme. Reversible inhibition of lysyl oxidase in vitro was found with two secondary aminonitriles, IDPN and monomethylaminopropionitrile (MMAPN). There was no inhibition of enzyme activity associated with the tertiary compound 3,3'-dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN) or propionitrile, a compound lacking an amine functional group. IDPN was found to produce a slight irreversible inhibition of the enzyme both in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of rats with pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, was found to increase the inhibitory potential of BAPN (p < or = .1). Pargyline pretreatment did not alter the inhibitory potential for any of the other aminonitriles tested. These results suggest that the presence of a primary amino functional group is not a strict requirement for inhibition of lysyl oxidase. In addition, reversible and irreversible mechanisms of inhibition may be involved in the production of osteolathyric changes associated with IDPN exposure.
Selection of sexed bovine embryos using rapid fluorescence in situ hybridisation

monary arterial pressure is measured invasively by catheterisation for a definitive diagnosis and to evaluate the acute response to vasoactive drugs, particularly the calcium channel blocker nifedipine. Vasoactive drugs are prescribed if an acute effect can be demonstrated while the patient is catheterised. The doses of nifedipine needed to reduce the pulmonary arterial pressure significantly are very high, higher than to treat systemic hypertension, and side effects, particularly systemic hypotension, are common. The dog could not be catheterised to evaluate the effect of vasoactive drugs, and it was given the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine as a therapeutic trial. Because of its low systemic arterial blood pressure, a small dose was given initially that was not expected to have much effect on the pulmonary hypertension, with the intention to increase the dose gradually. However, the drug had to be withdrawn owing to its adverse effects which were suspected to be due to systemic hypotension. Alternative treatments with either iloprost or bosentan were considered, but either of them would have cost about £4000 per month, a prohibitive expense.
Interference of tuberculosis on the performance of ELISAs used in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle

Forty-four cows from five herds infected with tuberculosis (TB) and without paratuberculosis (PTB), and 21 cows from a herd without either infection were studied. The cattle presented concordant results in both the skin test and g-interferon assay for TB and two commercial ELISAs for PTB. Animals were divided according to TB test results into Group A with 28 TB-infected animals, Group B with 16 TB-negative animals from infected herds, and Group C with 21 TB-negative cows from a tuberculosis-free herd (which were used as controls). Twenty of 28 animals from Group A (71.4%), 6/16 from Group B (37.5%) and none from Group C were reactive to PTB ELISAs, suggesting that these commercial kits were unable to distinguish between PTB and TB. It is proposed that natural occurring TB strongly interferes in the diagnosis of PTB and that commercial ELISAs cannot be considered reliable tools in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis-infected herds.
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Introduction: Plantar heel pain (PHP) is a common complaint, yet there are no definitive guidelines for its treatment. Acupuncture is increasingly used by podiatrists, and there is a need for evidence to validate this practice. It is acknowledged that both PHP and acupuncture are complex phenomena. Method: A systematic review (PROSPERO no. CRD42012001881) of the effectiveness of acupuncture for PHP is presented. Quality of the studies was assessed by independent assessors with reference to Quality Index (QI), STRICTA and CONSORT criteria. Pooling of data, or even close comparison of studies, was not done. Results: Five RCTs and 3 non-randomised comparative studies were included. High quality studies report significant benefits. In one, acupuncture was associated with significant improvement in pain and function, when combined with standard treatment (including NSAIDs). In another, acupoint PC7 improved pain and pressure pain threshold significantly more than LI4. Other papers were of lower quality but suggest benefits from other acupuncture approaches. Conclusion: There is evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture for PHP. This is comparable to the evidence available for conventionally used interventions, such as stretching, night splints or dexamethasone. Therefore acupuncture should be considered in recommendations for the management of patients with PHP. Future research should recognise the complexity of PHP, of acupuncture and of the relationship between them, to explore the optimum use and integration of this approach. There is a need for more uniformity in carrying out and reporting such work and the use of STRICTA is recommended.