Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on impact energy measurement based on FBG and damping attenuation

A demodulation based on the principle of fiber Bragg grating edge filter method is used to measure impact energy of acrylic plate (PMMA) and aluminum plate in this paper. A new demodulation method based on damping attenuation principle is proposed. Fiber Bragg grating sensing system is built in the experiment. The complex vibration wave generated by impact energy is processed by using the envelope of peak value in MATLAB. The experimental results show that using the time length corresponding to the peak attenuation of 10% as the demodulation basis has a higher Goodness of fit. The linear fitness of PMMA plate and aluminium plate is 0.94 and 0.89, respectively. At the same time, it is concluded that this method can be used to preliminarily determine whether the plate is viscoelastic or not. This is a new potential demodulation method for practical impact energy detection based on fiber Bragg grating.
Design of a sensitivity-enhanced optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetostrictive composite

In this paper, a magnetic field sensor with simple fabrication, high sensitivity and wide measurement range is proposed. The sensor consists of fiber Bragg grating, sensitivity enhancement structure (SES), magnetostrictive particles and epoxy resin matrix. Metal tube with length of 5 mm is glued onto both sides of the grating as SES, and the mental tube is covered with grooves. The FBG with mental tubes is coated with the matrix made of magnetostrictive particles and resin. During the curing process of matrix, a uniform magnetic field with 200mT and parallel to the fiber is applied to make the orientation of magnetostrictive particles constant. It also can make particles have uniform spatial distribution. Firstly, by comparing the performances of sensors made of three different resin without mental tube with the sensor made by gluing FBG onto Terfenol-D rod directly, it is found that the sensor with epoxy crystal adhesive has the highest sensitivity reaching 0.58 pm/mT. Secondly the sensor based on epoxy crystal adhesive with SES is evaluated. Compared with the sensor without SES and gluing diretly, the sensitivity increases 5.17 times to 3.58 pm/mT and the measurement expands ranging from 0 mT to 226 mT.
Small target detection based on infrared patch-tensor model with structured sparse regularization

Infrared (IR) small target detection in complex background is one of the key techniques in many defense systems. In this paper, a novel method based on infrared patch-tensor model with structured sparse regularization (IPTSS) is proposed for small IR target detection. To overcome the structured edge interferences , the IPTSS model adds an edge structured sparse item utilizing the ℓ1,1,2 norm minimization constraint to the IPT model based on partial sum of tensor nuclear norm (PSTNN). An efficient optimization algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is designed to solve the proposed IPTSS model. After the target-background-edge components are separated, the target image can be reconstructed. Finally, small targets can be extracted easily via adaptive threshold segmentation in the reconstructed target image. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively enhance small IR targets while suppressing the complex background in various scenes.
About the possible influence of Space weather on the results of radioactive decay measurements

It is noted that the phenomenon of probable dependence of the instability of the instrument recording of radioactive decay belongs to the class of phenomena, which are characterized by the influence of space weather factors on the technology of accurate measurements and equipment. Such an impact changes the registration efficiency and concerns the parameters that are usually not operatively controlled: changes in the electron work function of the photomultiplier cathodes; variations in the output of luminescent photons; change of gain coefficient of the first cascades; instability of the dead time; instability of the timer. There are proposed schemes of experiments that could help clarify the situation.
Climatic and circulation factors of high natural fire intensity in Eastern Siberia and the Far East

According to satellite monitoring data, the paper provides an analysis of the long-term dynamics of forest fires on the territory of five regions - the Irkutsk Region, the Republic of Buryatia, Transbaikalia, the Amur Region, and the Khabarovsk Territory. In the period 2004-2018, the changes in the area of forest fires (burned area) and the number of fires were. Climatic and circulation factors are considered as the causes of the forest fires. The key factors of high forest fire intensity are the processes of anticyclogenesis, which are developed with the strengthening of the meridional forms of atmospheric circulation in recent decades in Eastern Siberia. The high frequency of blocking anticyclones in the period May-June determines the long-term maintenance of the warm and dry air mass. In the long-term dynamics throughout the study area, there is an increase in temperature and a decrease in relative humidity.
Error analysis of field of view registration accuracy of hyper-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer for hydroxyl radical OH

Combined with two-channel one-dimensional field of view imaging technique and Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS), hyper-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer can be used for hydroxyl radical OH detection with limb observations from a satellite. The accuracy of field registration of the spectrometer two channel directly affects the detection accuracy of hydroxyl radical OH density, and the spatial stop and spectral stop of each channel are in different positions on the path of light. The method of spatial and spectral dimension field registration is given first, and then the method of field of view registration between channels is given. The quantitative effect of the parameters of the registration method on the accuracy of the field registration is analyzed theoretically, and the verification test is carried out based on the long focal length collimator. The results show that the accuracy of field of view registration in this paper is better than 99.2%. It provides a theoretical basis for the tolerance of the spatial field of view of the spectrometer.
Dim small targets detection based on statistical block low-rank background modeling

How to effectively detect weak targets from complex background is always a challenging problem and is a meaningful research subject with practical significance. In this paper, the complex video frame images are considered as a spatial random process, and the stationarity and low-rank characteristics of different components of the image are related to theirs statistical characteristics. According to this view, a statistical block low-rank background modeling algorithm (for short: SBLR) is proposed. This paper first analyzes the regional statistical characteristics of the image, and then uses k-mean statistical clustering algorithm to divide the image into statistical blocks to obtain the statistical block images. Then, the characteristics of each component of the statistical block image are analyzed to establish a model composed of statistical block low rank background and sparse components. Next, according to the characteristics of each component of the model, the solution scheme of principal component analysis is adopted, and the specific solution algorithm is given. Finally, the background reconstruction experiment according to SBLR algorithm and target detection experiment are carried out. Experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves good accuracy in the background reconstruction of complex scenes, the background is significantly suppressed, the target is significantly enhanced, and the target detection rate is high.
Research on environmental adaptability evaluation of optical communication equipment

Stable environmental factors are important for operation of optical communication equipment and devices. With the large number of applications of mobile unmanned base stations and wireless laser communication devices, more equipment and devices work in a nonstable and unclosed environment, and the working environment is more complicated, even those are used on a mobile platform. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, height, vibration, shock, acceleration, dust, mold, salt spray, noise, etc. put forward higher requirements for the environmental adaptability of optical communication equipment and devices. At present, there is a lack of uniform standards and operational evaluation methods for the environmental adaptability evaluation of optical communication equipment operating in complex environments. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation method of environmental adaptability of optical communication equipment is proposed by using analytic hierarchy process, Delphi expert evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the process of environmental adaptability evaluation based on these three methods and a three-tier evaluation index system are constructed. The method is of great value to the environmental adaptability evaluation of optical communication equipment.
Algorithm of phase compensation for the endoscope with three-dimensional measurement

In the traditional 3D measurement systems based on phase shifted structured light, the structured light is usually generated by raster projection. But the optical system by using this method is a little big in size for the endoscope. This paper proposes a method for generating structured light based on bundled fibers, which can solve this problem. However, it was found in experiments that the structured light projected by this method is deviated greatly from the standard sinusoidal fringe. In order to compensate for the error caused by the unsatisfactory structural light, we propose a calibration algorithm. To verify the phase compensation algorithm, we had built an endoscope system using the arranged fiber bundles. On the wedge objects with different tilt angles, the measurement error of the phase is improved more than 30% after using phase compensation algorithm. Then, the plaster model with complex surface was used in the experiment. The result indicated that the measured shape of the model is more precise after phase compensation. It is shown that the proposed phase compensation algorithm can effectively correct the error of phase measurement caused by non-sinusoidal structured light in the endoscope system.
Comparison of total cloud cover (ERA-Interim) and precipitation (GPCC) over Mongolia and southern part of Eastern Siberia in July

We have compared Total Cloud Cover (TCC) data from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis project and precipitation data from the GPCC project in July over 1979 – 2016. The region of our special interest covers Mongolia and southern part of Eastern Siberia. The models predict TCC. It is subject to errors related to physical parameterizations used in the model and needs to be examined. А precipitation from GPCC is a set of observation data interpolated into regular grid points. Although precipitation is indirectly related to cloudiness, we revealed a good agreement in interannual dynamics between two data sets over the region excluding the period 1982 – 1989 with the poor agreement (overestimated TCC data). This fact allows us to use TCC for the study of atmospheric circulation features over Mongolia and southern part of Eastern Siberia in the years with the good agreement of data. We revealed that precipitation intensity in the region depends on East Asian summer monsoon intensity. We also revealed that the atmospheric blocks over Eastern Siberia (90°E – 120°E) were observed for high TCC values and positive precipitation anomalies over the Selenga River basin (1990 and 1993) and there were no blocks over Eastern Siberia for low TCC values and negative precipitation anomalies (1980 and 2007).
Research of heat dissipation structure with conical quartz tube for pump combiner

This paper mainly studied the structure of high power pump combiner. Pump combiner is one of the key components of high power fiber laser and fiber amplifier. The ability to conduct high power of pump combiner is often influenced by the heat dissipation structure. The faster the heat dissipates the higher power the combiner conducts and the higher power fiber laser the combiner can be applied in. We made a pump combiner with the help of a conical quartz tube and the heat dissipation structure of the combiner can send away the lights that the combiner leaks so that the heat accumulation in the combiner can be avoided. The experimental result shows that when the pump power reaches 3000W the temperature of the combiner is about 28℃ which indicates that the heat dissipation efficiency of the structure is high.
A method of measuring wavefront aberration with CNN

Wavefront aberration, which caused by atmospheric turbulence, needs to be measured in the free space optical communication. The existing sensors of wavefront aberration measurement are mainly divided into two classes, wavefront sensors and image-based sensors. Wavefront sensors , such as Hartmann sensor and shearing interferometry, measure wavefront slope to calculate wavefront aberration. However, wavefront sensors always need most of the laser energy, which means it is hard to use wavefront sensors in free space optical communication in the daytime. Image-based sensors usually requires iteration, which means poor real-time and locally optimal solution. No existing method can measure wavefront aberrations in real time in free space optical communication in the daytime. In this article, a new method of measuring wavefront aberration with CNN is proposed, which can be used in free space optical communication in the daytime and have good real-time performance. We made some modifications in VGG to make it can be used to fitting the Zernike coefficients. The input to the network was the PSF of focal plane and defocus plane and the output was the initial estimate of the Zernike coefficients. 22000 pairs of images were collected in the experiment, which produced by liquid crystal and the wavefront was built by 64 Zernike coefficients when atmospheric coherent length(r0) is 5cm. 20000 pairs of images were used as training sets and the other were used as testing sets. The root-mean-square(RMS) wavefront errors of VGG is on average within 0.0487 waves and the time it needs is 11-12ms. We use RMS wavefront error less than 0.1 waves as the correct standard and the correct rate is 98.75% , while other RMS wavefront errors were properly close to 0.1 waves.
Problem of correct accounting the special features of cirrus microstructure in climatic models

Optical models of high-level clouds (HLCs) used for calculation of radiation fluxes in the atmosphere are analyzed briefly. Results of the experiments on polarization laser sensing of cirrus performed with the lidar developed at the National Research Tomsk State University are described. Optical and microphysical characteristics of such clouds obtained from the results of measurements of their entire backscattering phase matrices are presented. It is shown that the orientation of crystals in the cirrus significantly affects the transmission of shortwave solar radiation. This fact proves incorrectness of the representation of real crystalline particles in HLCs with spherical particles with the corresponding effective radii during calculating the Earth’s radiation budget.
Challenges and solutions of next-generation imager: CMOS single photon avalanche diode image sensor

The CMOS single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) image sensor, as the third-generation solid-state imaging device, features single photon response capability, picosecond magnitude time resolution and micron-scale spatial resolution. The device is currently the mainstream ideal device for single-photon, picosecond time-resolved transient imaging, and is gradually applied to time-resolved spectral measurement, 3D ranging and imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging, quantum imaging sensing and such low light or even single photon ultrafast imaging. In this paper, we introduce the research progress of the CMOS SPAD image sensor, and the challenges and solutions of the device are analyzed. In the past years, the mainstream CMOS SPAD image sensor features front-illuminated SPAD and the planar-structure pixel. However, for the planar-structure pixel, in order to make the SPAD with higher fill factor, reducing the duty cycle of the readout electronics within the pixel is the usual method, which to some extent sacrifices the function of reading electronics. In addition, the lower process node was used to improve the integration of electronics, but the high dark count rate was easily caused; The integration of micro-lens array in pixels was also used, but limits the flexibility of pixel size and increases the costs. Compared with planar-structure pixel, the pixel scheme of the three dimensional (3D) stacked structure, integrates the SPAD device and the readout electronics in the pixel correspondingly on the vertically coupled two wafers, which eliminates the problem of duty cycle of the readout electronics within the pixel and would be the development direction in the future.
Parasitism of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the Greenhouse and Field

Abstract The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), is an economically important invasive insect pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, production in the southern United States. Studies were conducted to: (1) assess the fecundity of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) parasitizing M. sacchari in the greenhouse, and (2) examine the temporal synchrony between L. testaceipes and M. sacchari in the field during 2017 and 2018. Results indicate that after 96 h, the number of M. sacchari increased approximately 90-fold from a single adult in the greenhouse study. The percentage of mummification observed in the greenhouse study was 15.2 ± 3.3%. Of those mummies, L. testaceipes adults emerged from 88.7 ± 4.4%, with 38.6 ± 8.4% of those males. Field observations showed that L. testaceipes appeared in the sentinel fields in late July to August. The percentage of mummies observed in the June- and July-planted plots of 2017, and June-planted plots of 2018 were 4.5 × 10–4 ± 1.5 × 10–4%, 7.4 × 10–4 ± 4.4 × 10–4%, and 4.4 × 10–5 ± 1.7 × 10–5%, respectively. Even though parasitization of M. sacchari by L. testaceipes was observed in both field and greenhouse, the lack of wasps before late July and low rate of parasitization in the field suggest that this species is not well synchronized with M. sacchari populations. Additional natural enemies (e.g., other parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogens) or other adaptations will be necessary before this pest is managed using biological control in Georgia.
The Application of Low-fidelity Chest Tube Insertion Using Remote Telesimulation in Training Healthcare Professionals

Healthcare professionals practicing in rural, remote, or resource-restricted areas have little opportunity to practice “high stakes low-frequency” clinical procedures, despite having higher rates of injury-related death than city inhabitants. Availability of clinical skills instructors, the expense of practicing skills, lack of educational sessions, and distance to simulation centres can be a barrier to teaching and skill maintenance, particularly in rural settings. Telesimulation has the potential to overcome these challenges using audio-visual technology to connect rural learners with instructors in simulation centres. Using low-fidelity simulation models allows learners to acquire clinical skills through hands-on practice without risk or fear of harming real patients. Although not as realistic as high-fidelity models, the low-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) printed model for chest tube insertion is cost-effective and easy to set up and use and is a valid tool for teaching the clinical procedure. The purpose of this technical report was to describe the application of low-cost telesimulation to facilitate teaching chest tube insertion to medical students, emergency medicine residents, and doctors working in remote and rural environments.
EGFR806-CAR T cells selectively target a tumor-restricted EGFR epitope in glioblastoma

Targeting solid tumor antigens with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy requires tumor specificity and tolerance toward variability in antigen expression levels. Given the relative paucity of unique cell surface proteins on tumor cells for CAR targeting, we have focused on identifying tumor-specific epitopes that arise as a consequence of target protein posttranslational modification. We designed a CAR using a mAb806-based binder, which recognizes tumor-specific untethered EGFR. The mAb806 epitope is also exposed in the EGFRvIII variant transcript. By varying spacer domain elements of the CAR, we structurally tuned the CAR to recognize low densities of EGFR representative of non-gene amplified expression levels in solid tumors. The appropriately tuned short-spacer 2nd generation EGFR806-CAR T cells showed efficient in vitro cytokine secretion and glioma cell lysis, which was competitively blocked by a short peptide encompassing the mAb806 binding site. Unlike the nonselective Erbitux-based CAR, EGFR806-CAR T cells did not target primary human fetal brain astrocytes expressing wild-type EGFR, but showed a similar level of activity compared to Erbitux-CAR when the tumor-specific EGFRvIII transcript variant was overexpressed in astrocytes. EGFR806-CAR T cells successfully treated orthotopic U87 glioma implants in NSG mice, with 50% of animals surviving to 90 days. With additional IL-2 support, all tumors were eradicate without recurrence after 90 days. In a novel human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived teratoma xenograft model, EGFR806-CAR T cells infiltrated but were not activated in EGFR+ epidermal cell nests as assessed by Granzyme B expression. These results indicate that EGFR806-CAR T cells effectively and selectively target EGFR-expressing tumor cells.
Minimally invasive chest wall stabilization: a novel surgical approach to video-assisted rib plating (VARP)

The current morbidity of rib plating is due to the size of the incision required to perform an open procedure. We describe a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach to rib plating. A cadaver model was used to develop the surgical technique by performing both left and right posterior-lateral rib plating. A small incision was made over the auscultatory triangle. The potential working space is developed under the posterior shoulder girdle and the scapula. A table-based retractor was used to elevate the scapula and the muscles. Two separate ports were placed: one camera port and one working port. In three cadaver models, 12 rib fractures were plated and the surgical technique is described. This novel technique will likely allow for faster recovery and was especially useful in the subscapular space. Level of evidence II.