Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiments and Modeling of Large-scale Benchmark Enclosure Fire Suppression

This article presents a series of experiments on benchmark fire suppression. The experiments were performed in a controlled environment, utilizing a cylindrical object or calorimeter centered above a 2 m diameter pan filled with kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuel, JP8. The experimental setup and procedure for gathering data on water suppression performance are presented. The characteristics of the nozzles used in the experiments are presented as well. The experimental results provide the boundary condition and temporal data necessary for validation of the fire suppression models used. The article also includes simulation results on the fire suppression experimental tests. The suppression simulations were carried out using a numerical model based on a Temporally Filtered Navier-Stokes (TFNS) formulation coupled with a Lagrangian model for droplets, which includes detailed descriptions of the interaction between the water droplets and the fire plume. The results from both experiments and simulations suggest that the criterion for complete suppression depends on a combination of factors including the mass flow rate (or nozzle diameter), nozzle operating pressure, and calorimeter presence. A critical regime which distinguished the regions of suppression and no-suppression in the domain of the mass flow rate versus operating pressure is found.
Clinical Factors Affecting the Results of Regenerative Endodontic Procedure

This study retrospectively analyzed the effect of clinical factors on the outcomes of REP(regenerative endodontic procedure). Patients who received the REP using triple antibiotic paste due to trauma or fracture of dens evaginatus from February, 2011 to January, 2020 were included in the study. Finally, 57 teeth in 54 patients were selected. Investigated clinical factors were as follows: intentional bleeding, etiology, and root development stage. Treatment outcomes evaluated were as follows: improvement of subjective symptoms, changes in the periapical lesion, and the amounts of root development after REP. To compensate for differences in angulation and position between repeated radiographic examinations, images were aligned by Turboreg plugin. To evaluate the amounts of root development, apical diameter, root area, and root length were measured by ImageJ software. Among the aforementioned factors, intentional bleeding had no significant effect on treatment results. Regarding the etiology, the increase in the root area and the root length was significantly less in trauma cases than in dens evaginatus fracture cases. Considering root development stage, more immature teeth presented more increase in the root area.
An Optimized Multilayer Perceptrons Model Using Grey Wolf Optimizer to Predict Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Friction Stir Processed Aluminum Alloy Reinforced by Nanoparticles

In the current investigation, AA2024 aluminum alloy is reinforced by alumina nanoparticles using a friction stir process (FSP) with multiple passes. The mechanical properties and microstructure observation are conducted experimentally using tensile, microhardness, and microscopy analysis methods. The impacts of the process parameters on the output responses, such as mechanical properties and microstructure grain refinement, were investigated. The effect of multiple FSP passes on the grain refinement, and various mechanical properties are evaluated, then the results are conducted to train a hybrid artificial intelligence predictive model. The model consists of a multilayer perceptrons optimized by a grey wolf optimizer to predict mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir processed aluminum alloy reinforced by alumina nanoparticles. The inputs of the model were rotational speed, linear processing speed, and number of passes; while the outputs were grain size, aspect ratio, microhardness, and ultimate tensile strength. The prediction accuracy of the developed hybrid model was compared with that of standalone multilayer perceptrons model using different error measures. The developed hybrid model shows a higher accuracy compared with the standalone model.
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players

Simple Summary Sports training may impact the variations of biomarkers in soccer players. Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed twice in the season for their hematology and biochemical status, while training loads were monitored over the season. Relationships between changes in biomarkers and accumulated training loads were tested. Results revealed that that intense training in the pre-season period leads to decreases and increases in different hematological and biochemical markers. Abstract Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = −0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: −3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: −16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = −0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = −0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = −0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: −1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: −2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS BY COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL PITCH ANGLE CONTROLLER WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

This paper deals with a variable speed wind turbine coupled with a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected through a two mass drive train. This drive train is connected to synchronous generator and after the conversion process finally connected to grid and the idea of transmission over a long distance makes the use of converter necessary and at the receiving end. The inverter is used to convert it back and the inverter is designed with a proper gate signal to get the best output three phase voltages. The fuzzy logic controller is used to track generator speed with varying wind speed to optimize turbine aerodynamic efficiency in the outer speed loop. Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas . The machine side converter is designed to extract maximum power from the wind. In this work a WECS connected with grid is designed in Matlab and a Fuzzy controller is designed to improve the output and we can see the major difference in DC link voltage and reactive power in transmission line. From the outputs we can also go through the reactive power issue which system is best for inductive load or capacitive load. The simple PI system is good for capacitive load and the fuzzy system is better option for the inductive load. The results of both the system of normal controller and fuzzy controller is compared and analyzed.
Wildfire Smoke Classification Based on Synthetic Images and Pixel- and Feature-Level Domain Adaptation

Training a deep learning-based classification model for early wildfire smoke images requires a large amount of rich data. However, due to the episodic nature of fire events, it is difficult to obtain wildfire smoke image data, and most of the samples in public datasets suffer from a lack of diversity. To address these issues, a method using synthetic images to train a deep learning classification model for real wildfire smoke was proposed in this paper. Firstly, we constructed a synthetic dataset by simulating a large amount of morphologically rich smoke in 3D modeling software and rendering the virtual smoke against many virtual wildland background images with rich environmental diversity. Secondly, to better use the synthetic data to train a wildfire smoke image classifier, we applied both pixel-level domain adaptation and feature-level domain adaptation. The CycleGAN-based pixel-level domain adaptation method for image translation was employed. On top of this, the feature-level domain adaptation method incorporated ADDA with DeepCORAL was adopted to further reduce the domain shift between the synthetic and real data. The proposed method was evaluated and compared on a test set of real wildfire smoke and achieved an accuracy of 97.39%. The method is applicable to wildfire smoke classification tasks based on RGB single-frame images and would also contribute to training image classification models without sufficient data.
Operational Resilience in Western Us Frequent-Fire Forests

With the increasing frequency and severity of altered disturbance regimes in dry, treatments promoting resilience have become a management objective but have been difficult to Many reconstruction studies of these forests when they had active fire regimes have documented very low tree densities before the onset of fire suppression. Building on ecological theory and recent studies, we suggest that this historic forest structure promoted resilience by minimizing competition which in turn supported vigorous tree growth. To assess these historic conditions for management practices, we calculated a widely-used measure of competition, relative stand density index (SDI), for two extensive historical datasets and compared those to contemporary forest conditions. Between 1911 and 2011, tree densities on average increased by six to seven fold while average tree size was reduced by 50%. Relative SDI for historical forests was 23 – 28% of maximum, in the ranges considered ‘free of ’ ( < 25%) to ‘low ’ competition (25 – 34%). In contrast, most (82 – 95%) contemporary stands were in the range of ‘full competition ’ (35 – 59%) or ‘imminent mortality ’ ( ≥ 60%). Historical relative SDI values suggest that treatments for restoring forest resilience may need to be much more intensive then the current focus on fuels reduction. With the contemporary increase in compounding stresses such as drought, bark beetles, and high-severity wildfire, resilience in frequent-fire forests may hinge on creating stands with significantly lower densities and minimal competition. Current management practices often prescribe conditions that maintain full competition to guide development of desired forest conditions. Creating stands largely free of competition would require a fundamental rethinking of how frequent-fire forests can be managed for resilience.
A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR TRUCK DESPATCHING PROBLEM

This paper presents a method for solving the truck despatching problem which may be considered as the generalization of the travelling­ salesman problem. The method developed is simpler and an advantageous one over the existing method given by G.B. Dantzig and H.J. Ramser,­ and later on modified by G. Clarke and lW. Wright to advantage. It does not restrict the size of the problem to be solved and also is inde­ pendent of the data concerned, i.e., the variation in the input data does not effect the solution. It makes maximum possible use of the capacity of the carrier and considers modification to the problem. It is hoped that it presents a practical means for solving any truck despatching problem irrespective of its size and data. A numerical example is used as an illustration.
Dual-Harmonic Noncontacting Millimeter Waveguide Backshorts: Theory, Design, and Test

Noncontacting backshorts are necessary in many applications to avoid the wear characteristic of contacting shorts. To reduce losses, it is desirable to eliminate the passband at second harmonic frequencies inherent in conventional quarter-wavelength designs. To this effect, empirically and theoretically designed shorts have been fabricated. The theoretical design extends low-frequency Chebyshev filter theory techniques for use at millimeter-wave frequencies. Both designs have been tested using swept frequency reflectometer techniques. Tests have been carried out over a 40-GHz bandwidth at 100 GHz and a 30-GHz bandwidth at 200 GHz. The results are superior to those obtained with Lambda/ 4 backshorts tested in the same manner.
Bay Leaf Extract-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Tissue and Cellular Imaging

The development of fluorescence dyes for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been a significant interest for deep tissue imaging. Among many imaging fluoroprobes, indocyanine green (ICG) and its analogues have been used in oncology and other medical applications. However, these imaging agents still experience poor imaging capabilities due to low tumor targetability, photostability, and sensitivity in the biological milieu. Thus, developing a biocompatible NIR imaging dye from natural resources holds the potential of facilitating cancer cell/tissue imaging. Chlorophyll (Chl) has been demonstrated to be a potential candidate for imaging purposes due to its natural NIR absorption qualities and its wide availability in plants and green vegetables. Therefore, it was our aim to assess the fluorescence characteristics of twelve dietary leaves as well as the fluorescence of their Chl extractions. Bay leaf extract, a high-fluorescence agent that showed the highest levels of fluorescence, was further evaluated for its tissue contrast and cellular imaging properties. Overall, this study confirms bay-leaf-associated dye as a NIR fluorescence imaging agent that may have important implications for cellular imaging and image-guided cancer surgery.
Mobile Social Helping Platform of LBS

Mobile Internet grows with demands of location information of mobile users . In order to overcome the limitation of sociality, we develop Mobile social helping platform (MSH) of LBS, which realize the sharing of sociality. First, we analyze the requirement of MSHP platform, then design its architecture and database, and finally discuss the key technologies of MSHP. The platform makes use of open source technology, implements and optimizes LBS service. The simulation results show the system has good portability and maintainability, which is easy to be commercialized.
Public screening for COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China and beware of the antibody positive in women and tumor patients

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global health emergency. Early detection and intervention are key factors for improving outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. Real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction‐based molecular assays and antibody for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory specimens are the current reference standard for COVID‐19 diagnosis. Clinical implications of different specimen types for nucleic acid and antibody testing of COVID‐19 in Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University were analyzed. Compared with health groups, tumor patients had higher rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) (+/−) immunoglobulin M (IgM) (+) immunoglobulin G (IgG) (+). The rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 (−) IgM (+) IgG (−) or SARS‐CoV‐2 (−) IgM (−) IgG (+) in female was significantly higher than that in male. These results can help governments to take screening measures to prevent the COVID‐19 pandemic again.
Lifetime enhancement of high-power light-emitting diodes using thermal paths in ceramic package

By inserting the Ag thermal paths located under the GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) chip in a low-temperature co-fired ceramic package, junction-to-atmosphere thermal resistance could be reduced from 53 to 13 K/W. Temperature-stress accelerated life tests were carried out to check the effect of thermal improvement on reliability and to estimate lifetime as a function of junction temperature. After a 4000-hour test, the lifetimes of the degraded LED packages were estimated. The mean time to failure (MTTF) was below 20 000 hours at 35°C atmosphere temperature for the conventional LEDs. On the other hand, the estimated MTTF was over 50 000 at the same atmosphere temperature for the improved LEDs.
The Effectiveness of Online Platforms after the Pandemic: Will Face-to-Face Classes Affect Students' Perception of Their Behavioural Intention (BIU) to Use Online Platforms?

The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ intention to continue using online learning platforms during face-to-face traditional classes in a way that is parallel to their usage during online virtual classes (during the pandemic). This investigation of students’ intention is based on a conceptual model that uses newly used external factors in addition to the technology acceptance model (TAM) contrasts; hence, it takes into consideration users’ satisfaction, the external factor of information richness (IR) and the quality of the educational system and information disseminated. The participants were 768 university students who have experienced the teaching environments of both traditional face-to-face classes and online classes during the pandemic. A structural equation modelling (SEM) test was conducted to analyse the independent variables, including the users’ situation awareness (SA), perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, IR, education system quality and information quality. An online questionnaire was used to explore students’ perceptions of their intention to use online platforms accessibly in a face-to-face learning environment. The results showed that (a) students prefer online platforms that have a higher level of content richness, to be able to implement the three dimensions of users’ situation awareness (perception, comprehension and projection); (b) there were significant effects of TAM constructs on students’ satisfaction and acceptance; (c) students are in favour of using a learning platform that is characterised by a high level of educational system quality and information quality and (d) students with a higher level of satisfaction have a more positive attitude in their willingness to use the online learning system.
MK2 Expression Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Death and Predicts Survival

Non-small cell lung cancers demonstrate intrinsic resistance to cell death even in response to chemotherapy. Previous work suggested that defective nuclear translocation of active caspase 3 may play a role in resistance to cell death. Separately, our group has identified that mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is required for nuclear translocation of active caspase 3 in the execution of apoptosis. This study demonstrates a relatively low expression of MK2 in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines compared to small cell carcinoma cell lines. Further, overexpression of MK2 in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines results in increased caspase 3 activity and caspase 3 mediated cell death. Higher MK2 transcript levels were observed in patients with earlier-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Higher expression of MK2 is associated with better survival in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer across two independent clinical datasets. Using data sets spanning multiple cancer types, we observed improved survival with higher MK2 expression was unique to lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, MK2 promotes nuclear translocation of caspase 3 leading to PARP1 cleavage and execution of cell death. While MK2 can directly phosphorylate caspase 3, neither phosphorylation status of caspase 3 nor the kinase activity of MK2 impacts caspase 3 activation, nuclear translocation and execution of cell death. Rather, a non-kinase function of MK2, specifically trafficking via its nuclear localization sequence, is required for caspase 3 mediated cell death. In summary this study highlights the importance of a non-enzymatic function of MK2 in the execution of apoptosis, which may be leveraged in the adjunctive treatment of NSCLC or other conditions where regulation of apoptosis is crucial.
COOPERATION WITH USERS AND INNOVATIVE EFFORT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

In this study cooperation with users is presented as a formula allowing firms to be more efficient in developing the innovation process because it has proven to reduce the effort needed in carrying out these activities. Moreover, we have been borne in mind that the effects of such collaboration may differ between intramural and extramural R&D activities, which represents an extra contribution of this work. In fact, the findings obtained show this difference, which has significant managerial implications. Additionally, in order to estimate these effects and because of the methodology used (Heckman s model), two factors have been identified which favour the establishment of collaboration with this type of agents. They have been sparsely dealt with in the literature and these variables are related to the existence of: a) sticky information and b) heterogeneity in market needs. Its inclusion in the study has enabled us to identify concrete situations where collaboration with users may be especially useful for the firm and in this way, designing the innovation strategy may be facilitated.
The antianginal ranolazine does not confer beneficial actions against hepatic steatosis in male mice subjected to high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver in the absence of alcohol and increases one's risk for both diabetes and cardiovascular disease (e.g. angina). We have shown that the second-line anti-anginal therapy, ranolazine, mitigates obesity-induced NAFLD, and our aim was to determine whether these actions of ranolazine also extend to NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet for 15-weeks, with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 75 mg/kg) administered in the high-fat diet fed mice at 4-weeks to induce experimental T2D. Mice were treated with either vehicle control or ranolazine during the final 7-weeks (50 mg/kg once daily). We assessed glycemia via monitoring glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and pyruvate tolerance, whereas hepatic steatosis was assessed via quantifying triacylglycerol content. We observed that ranolazine did not improve glycemia in mice with experimental T2D, while also having no impact on hepatic triacylglycerol content. Therefore, the salutary actions of ranolazine against NAFLD may be limited to obese individuals but not those who are obese with T2D.