Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in physical activity level and risk of ischaemic heart disease

The aim of this study was to analyse prospectively the impact of changes in physical activity level on the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). In 1970–1971, 5249 men aged 40–59 years (mean=48) reported their level of physical activity in leisure time. In 1985–1986, a new baseline was established comprising 75% of survivors who reported their level of physical activity at the time. Some 2894 men aged 53–75, mean=63, free from arteriosclerotic stigmas were included, and their morbidity and mortality were recorded over the next 6 years. Some 181 men had an IHD event; 44 were fatal. A total of 270 men died from all‐cause mortality (ACM). Men physically active less than 4 h per week in 1970–1971 had an increased risk of IHD, RR (95% confidence interval)=1.7 (1.1‐2.6) compared with men physically more active. For men who reported a sedentary lifestyle, the 1985–1986 RR of IHD was 1.1 (0.9‐1.5) compared with more active men. Potential confounders did not explain the results. Among the younger half, those who changed from sedentary to active had a decreased risk of IHD compared with those who remained sedentary (RR=0.6 (0.1‐2.5)). In older men, those who changed from sedentary to active had an increased risk of IHD compared with those who remained sedentary (RR=1.9 (0.9‐4.2)). In the 6‐year follow‐up period, the lowest risk of IHD and ACM was found in men who were physically active when reaching midlife and continued to be active. In the younger age group, 40–49 years, taking up a more active lifestyle during the next 15 years was associated with a reduction in the incidence of IHD. In the older age group, 50–59 years, changing from a sedentary to a physically more active lifestyle during the next 15 years was associated with a doubled risk of IHD during the 6‐year follow‐up period compared with men at the same age who continued to be sedentary. Consequently, we advocate a thorough medical check‐up before advising more physical activity in elderly men.
Assessment of ultrasound tomography as a technique for quantitative tissue characterization

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Feasibility Analysis of 100 kW Solar Plant for Chandigarh, India

The electricity demand is increasing worldwide with a fast pace. Accomplishment of this growing demand with renewable energy sources is gaining importance globally due to it’s negligible pollutant emission. In this work, solar power potential is analysed for Chandigarh. A 100-kW photovoltaic plant is analysed for selected area with different PV panel combination for finding optimal solution of power generation. This selected area is having a good solar radiation reception potential of 5.07 kWh/m2/day annually at annual 25.4°C temperature. The plant is designed with fixed axis orientation and has tilt of 31°. The plant has potential to export 156120 kWh of electricity to the grid with performance ratio of 76%.
Evaluation of a Psychoeducational Intervention in the Development of Social and Communication Skills for Incoming Medical Students at a Bilingual University

Concerns about social skills in academic and professional settings are rarely considered. Undergraduate students and professionals without social and communication skills lead to an increase in the incidence of malpractice claims and interpersonal confl icts. The study is aimed at evaluating a psychoeducational intervention focused on improving social skills for incoming medical students at a bilingual university. A psychoeducational intervention was conducted in a required course from fi rst academic term with 57 incoming medical students from Brazil and other Latin America Countries whose average age was 21.28 (SD = 4.04). The psychoeducational intervention occurred fortnightly for seven sessions which aimed to develop theoretical knowledge about communication and interpersonal relationships in academic and professional settings, interpersonal patterns, teamwork, and interpersonal problem solving. Prior and after the intervention, the students answered two self-report instruments to identify social skills and their academic experience. After the intervention, there was a signifi cant average increase in scores related to social skills and academic experience. These increases were evident in the dimension/factor scores, as well as the total scores. The results demonstrated the importance of early and short-term interventions as a way to develop social and communication skills.
Method and Description of the Aging in Manitoba Project: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT The Aging in Manitoba (AIM) project includes nearly 9,000 seniors who have been interviewed. Three independent cross-sectional samples (i.e. 1971, 1976, 1983) were subsequently followed (1983–1984, 1990), producing cross-sectional and longitudinal data. A major goal of this paper was to examine non-response over time and representativeness of the panel of AIM survivors. This involved analysis of non-response, calculations of completion/response rates, and comparisons of demographic variables across the AIM sample and the broader Manitoba and Canadian populations. Non-response was very low (4.6% in 1983–1984, 5.0% in 1990) and did not appear to be dependent on such factors as location, gender, education level, or nationality descent. The 95.0 per cent completion rate compares favourably with other longitudinal studies, demonstrating the value of employing rigorous tracking procedures. These findings suggest that attempts to minimize bias and selective attrition in the AIM study have been successful. RÉSUMÉ Le projet «Aging in Manitoba» (AIM) porte sur environ 9,000 personnes âgées qui ont été soumises à des interviews. Trois échantillons transversaux indépendants, notamment ceux de 1971, de 1976 et de 1983, ont fait par la suite l'objet d'un suivi en 1983–1984 et en 1990, démarche qui a permis de recueillir des données transversales et des données longitudinales. L'un des principaux objectifs du présent article était d'analyser la non-réponse dans le temps et la représentativité du panel de survivants. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à l'analyse de la non-réponse, au calcul des taux d'achèvement ou de celui du taux de réponse, ainsi qu'à la comparaison des variables démographiques au sein de l'échantillon du projet AIM, d'une part, et des populations manitobaine et canadienne, d'autre part. Le taux de non-réponse a été peu élevé (de 4,6% en 1983–1984 et de 5% en 1990) et ne semble pas dépendre de facteurs tels que le lieu de résidence, le sexe, le niveau d'instruction ou l'origine ethnique des répondants. Le taux d'achèvement de 95 pour cent se compare favorablement à celui qui a été obtenu dans d'autres études longitudinales, ce qui démontre la pertinence d'utiliser des méthodes rigoureuses de suivi. Ces résultats suggèrent que les efforts déployés pour réduire le biais et l'extinction sélective ont porté fruit.
Implementing a programme for coping with stigma for women whose partners died of AIDS: a case study

The purpose of this research was to develop a programme to help women whose partners died of AIDS to cope with stigma. Having experienced severe stigmatisation these women used mostly ineffective problem-focused strategies and limited emotion-focused strategies. Due to their difficulty in coping there was a need to develop a programme to assist them to cope with the stigma of having lost a partner to AIDS, as well as being HIV positive themselves. The programme was developed, implemented and evaluated by means of a holistic multiple case design with a sample of four women. Data were collected by means of multiple sources from transcripts of the eight sessions, naive sketches by participants, as well as field notes from observations of individuals and of the group. Data analysis was done according to the case record method. The conclusions about the impact of the programme were that it had a positive impact based on the fact that these women grew from being lonely, reserved, having negative self perceptions, to being open about their HIV status, sharing their problems related to stigma, seeking support, being altruistic by advocating for assistance of other women in the same situation, as well as suggesting the establishment of a home-based care facility where they can assist in caring for others.
Analyzing of factors related to burnout in health professionals of Sivas Numune Hospital

Abstract Aim. It is targeted to analyze burnout that cause various problems in individual and institutional sense on health professionals constituted of doctor, nurse and allied health professionals (such as laboratory assistant, technician). Methods. Data has been received by filling a form which include Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and socio-demographic variables on totally 180 health professionals who are employed in Sivas Numune Hospital. Results. In our study, MBI mean scores of nurses when compared to doctors, amongst staff who work 9 hours or more when compared to staff who work 8 hours or less, in health professionals who had training in levels of secondary education and associate degree when compared to staff who had training in masters degree level, on women when compared to men and health professionals who are under 34-group of age when compared to over 45-group of age has been found significantly high in terms of emotional burnout score. In singles, individual success scores has been found meaningfully high when compared to married ones. Besides, in evaluations implemented according to years of labour and having children it is seen that there exist no significant difference. Conclusion. As a result of our study it is viewed that burnout is seen frequently in health professionals. In medical institutions, as well as satisfaction of the patient it is recommended to deal with problems of employees also and work out a solution. Keywords: Burnout, health professionals, state hospital Ozet Amac. Bireysel ve kurumsal anlamda cesitli sorunlara yol acan tukenmisligin doktor, hemsire ve yardimci saglik personelinden (laborant, teknisyen gibi) olusan saglik calisanlarinda incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem. Veriler Sivas Numune Hastanesi'nde calisan toplam 180 saglik calisaninda Maslach Tukenmislik Olcegi (MTO) ve sosyodemografik degiskenleri iceren bir form doldurularak elde edildi. Bulgular. Calismamizda duygusal tukenme puani acisindan hemsirelerin puani doktorlara gore, 9 saat ve uzeri calisanlarda 8 saat ve daha az calisanlara gore, ortaogretim ve on lisans duzeyinde egitim alanlarin yuksek lisans duzeyinde egitim alanlara gore, kadinlarin erkeklere gore ve 34 yas alti yas grubunun 45 yas ustu grubuna gore anlamli derecede yuksek bulunmustur. Kisisel basari puanlari bekarlarda evlilere gore anlamli derecede yuksek bulunmustur. Cocuk sahibi olmalarina ve calisma yillarina gore yapilan degerlendirmelerde ise gruplar arasinda anlamli fark bulunmamistir. Sonuc. Calismamizin sonucunda tukenmislik saglik calisanlarinda sik olarak gorulmustur. Saglik kurumlarinda hasta memnuniyetinin yani sira, calisanlarinin sorunlariyla da ilgilenilmesi ve cozum uretilmesi onerilir. Anahtar sozcukler: Tukenmislik, saglik personeli, devlet hastanesi
International Suicide Rates and Prevention Strategies

Foreword Acknowledgements List of Tables List of Figures Data Introduction Reliability of International suicide mortality data Analysis and presentation of data Data source Classification of countries Classification of age groups Analysis and presentation of data Global data National trends Impact of suicide prevention strategies, mental health programmes, and substance abuse policies on suicide mortality rates Analysis and presentation of data Interpretation Limitations Conclusion Trends in Suicide Mortality Global Trends in Suicide Mortality Suicide as a cause of death Global suicide trends and changes in age-specific rates Conclusion National Suicide Mortality Trends in Childhood (Under 15 Years) Conclusion National Suicide Mortality Trends in Adolescence (15-24 Years) Most recent mortality data Old World New World Scandinavia Eastern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Asia Conclusion National Suicide Mortality Trends in Young Adulthood (25-44 Years) Most recent mortality data Old World New World Scandinavia Eastern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Asia Conclusion National Suicide Mortality Trends in Middle Adulthood (45-64 years) Most recent mortality data Old World New World Scandinavia Eastern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Asia Conclusion National Suicide Mortality Trends in Late Adulthood (65 Years and Over) Most recent mortality data Old World New World Scandinavia Eastern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Asia Conclusion Impact of Prevention Strategies The Impact of Comprehensive National Suicide Prevention Strategies on Suicide Mortality International responses to suicide Development of national suicide prevention strategies Differences between national suicide prevention strategies Target groups Components The impact of national suicide prevention strategies on suicide rates Adolescents (15-24 years) Finland Norway Australia Sweden Summary All ages Finland Norway Australia Sweden Summary Limitations Evidence-based suicide prevention strategies Conclusion The Impact of Mental Health Programmes on Suicide Mortality Psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for suicide Affective disorders Psychotic disorders Anxiety disorders Personality disorders International responses to mental illness The impact of mental health plans on suicide rates Adolescents All ages Beyond mental health programmes: The need for specific suicide prevention activities Conclusion The Impact of Substance Abuse Policies on Suicide Mortality Substance abuse as a risk factor for suicide Alcohol Opiates Cannabls Cocaine Amphetamines International responses to substance abuse The impact of national substance abuse polices on suicide trends Adolescents All ages Conclusion Other Factors Impacting on Suicidal Behaviour The Impact of Antidepressants on Suicide Mortality The role of depression and its treatment in suicide prevention History of a
An analytic description of the radio emission of air showers based on its emission mechanisms

The spatial signal distribution of the radio frequency radiation from extensive air showers on the ground contains information on crucial cosmic-ray properties, such as energy and mass. A long-standing challenge to access this information experimentally with a sparse grid of antennas is an analytic modeling of the radio signal distribution, which will be addressed in this contribution. We present an analytic model based on the two physical processes generating radio emission in air showers: the geomagnetic and the charge-excess emission. Our study is based on full Monte-Carlo simulations with the CoREAS code. Besides an improved theoretical understanding of radio emission, our model describes the radio signal distribution with unprecedented precision. Our model explicitly includes polarization information, which basically doubles the information that is used from a single radio station. The model depends only on the definition of the shower axis and on the parameters energy and distance to the emission region, where the distance to the emission region has a direct relation to the cosmic-ray mass. The model describes the true signal distribution precisely such that the model uncertainties are negligible compared to typical experimental uncertainties.
Therapy for Angina Pectoris Secondary to Coronary Disease

Ischemic heart disease is the world’s leading cause of mortality and also causes widespread morbidity and limitation of life-style. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the predominant cause of ischemic heart disease and generally results from fixed coronary artery obstruction that limits myocardial oxygen delivery relative to demand. Mortality associated with CAD is relatively high and was estimated at more than 11⁄4 million deaths in industrialized countries in 2001 (Lopez et al., 2006). Of note, CAD is projected to remain the primary basis of mortality at least through year 2030 (Mathers & Loncar, 2006). The impact of CAD on quality of life is even more impressive. The symptom that most commonly limits life-style in patients with CAD is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is a symptom characterized by (1) substernal chest discomfort that is (2) predictably provoked by exertion or emotional stress, (3) lasts up to 20 minutes after the triggering activity is stopped, and (4) is relieved within minutes by nitroglycerin or rest. If all of these criteria are met, the symptom is called “typical angina pectoris”; if only 2 are met, the symptom is called “atypical angina”. If one or none are met, the symptom probably is non-cardiac in origin (Diamond et al., 1983). Typical angina has several different causes but predominantly results from CAD. Indeed, the presence of typical angina predicts CAD with a likelihood of 90%, while the association of atypical angina with CAD is reported to be 50%. CAD with ischemia also can cause other symptoms, such as abnormal chest sensations that do not meet the criteria for angina, dizziness, palpitation, dyspnea, etc. Angina pectoris is the presenting symptom in 50% of those with CAD (O'Rourke, 2010). Most often, this symptom is “stable”, i.e., after its onset, it occurs at a relatively predictable workload, frequency and severity. By convention, stable angina manifests little change in these characteristics over 2 weeks, though some variation can be expected if change occurs in myocardial oxygen demand, physical stress or ambient temperature (Braunwald et al., 1994). In general, stable angina correlates with the stability or quiescence of an atherosclerotic plaque. Almost 20% of acute myocardial infarctions (MI) are preceded by chronic stable angina (Thom et al., 2006). This symptom must be distinguished from the less frequent “unstable angina”, considered to occur when angina first is manifest (“new onset angina”), or when angina-like discomfort is present at rest (i.e., without the activity/
Conductance of MOS transistors in saturation

The output conductance of MOS transistors operating in the saturation region is studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple physical model is described which accounts for the modification of the electric field in the drain depletion region near the Si-SiO 2 interface, due to the presence of the gate electrode. The saturation conductance is shown on the basis of this model to be a sensitive function of the oxide thickness as well as the substrate impurity concentration. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment over a wide range of device parameters. The characteristics of lowly doped very-short-channel devices, which depart from this theory, are also discussed. The departure is shown to be due to a "punch-through"-type phenomenon.
Sweet Home 3D

Sweet Home 3D est un logiciel libre multiplateforme (Windows, Mac et Linux) d'aide a l'amenagement interieur d'un appartement ou d'une maison. Sweet Home 3D permet de dessiner le plan en 2D, d'y disposer des meubles et de visualiser le resultat en 3D. Le logiciel permet notamment : de dessiner les murs des pieces par-dessus l'image d'un plan existant, et appliquer une couleur de mur d'importer ses propres modeles et objets 3D de glisser-deposer ses meubles dans le plan a partir d'un (.)
Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine

1. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis as a Guide to Resource Allocation in Health: Roles and Limitations 2. Theoretical Foundations of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 3. Framing and Designing the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 4. Identifying and Valuing Outcomes 5. Assessing the Effectiveness of Health Interventions 6. Estimating Costs in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 7. Time Preference 8. Reflecting Uncertainty in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 9. Reporting Cost-Effectiveness Studies and Results Appendix A: Summary of Recommendations for the Reference Case Appendix B: Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Prevent Neural Tube Defects Appendix C: The Cost-Effectiveness of Dietary and Pharmacologic Therapy for Cholesterol Reduction in Adults
Race and Response-to-Intervention in Special Education

Response-to-intervention officially became part of special education law and policy when incorporated within the 2004 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Most narrowly construed, RTI is a means of diagnosing students with learning disabilities, designed to replace the flawed discrepancy model. More broadly, it is a pedagogical approach, which basically posits that different, increasingly intensive tiers of instruction should be offered to struggling students before they are found eligible for special education. This paper explores some of the potential benefits and costs of the RTI model, with a specific focus on the racial impacts of RTI. As we explain, RTI has the potential to reduce the current overrepresentation of minorities in certain disability categories. But it also has the potential to increase the overrepresentation of minorities among students who are suspended and expelled. The paper explores this trade-off and others and considers different ways to resolve them.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a non-invasive tool to investigate pulmonary and renal fibrosis in small rodents : method and readout validation, animal model optimization, and substance testing

Pulmonary fibrosis, an end result of various types of lung damage including interstitial pneumonia and respiratory bronchiolitis (Gross and Hunninghake, 2001; Katzenstein and Myers, 1998; Lazenby et al., 1990) is a lethal disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. About 20% of the cases are of unknown cause and are thus termed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A comparable pathology can be observed in fibrotic kidneys. Chronic kidney diseases, as diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, or chronic glomerulonephritis, lead in most cases to renal fibrosis, a disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibroblast activation, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (for reviews see Liu, 2006 and Efstratiadis et al., 2009). The work in this thesis concentrates on the validation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive tool to follow longitudinally anatomical and functional changes related to lung and kidney injury induced in the corresponding small rodent models of fibrosis. Bleomycin, instilled into the lungs of mice or rats has been used to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Intra-venous injection of adriamycin induced nephropathy in rats. The bleomycin model was optimized introducing the oropharyngeal aspiration route for the antibiotic. Ultrashort echo time MRI was validated for the detection of lung lesions and tissue deposition in the pulmonary fibrosis model in rats and mice, while contrast enhanced gradient-echo MRI was validated to detect nephropathy and macrophage infiltration in the rat adriamycin model of renal fibrosis. In addition, two reference substances regarding the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis were found. In summary, the studies discussed in this thesis deliver contributions to three pillars of preclinical pharmaceutical research: the availability of appropriate animal models, the availability of readouts or parameters that quantitatively reflect disease evolution in those models, and the availability of reference compounds, known to interfere with the disease development.