Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compact Electronically Switchable Parallel-Coupled Microstrip Bandpass Filter With Wide Stopband

In this letter, a compact electronically switchable parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) based on quarter- wavelength resonators and p-i-n diode switch is proposed. The proposed filter occupies only half the circuit size of the conventional parallel-coupled filter. In addition, the type and length of each coupled-line section is suitably chosen such that the inherent transmission zeros associated with the coupled-lines can be used to reject the spurious passbands effectively. By adding only one p-i-n diode along with a simple bias control circuitry, the proposed filter becomes electronically switchable with no current consumption when the filter is turned off. Specifically, a switchable fourth-order microstrip BPF with a center frequency f0 of 2 GHz, passband insertion loss less than 3 dB, and wide stopband up to 7.7 f0 in the ON state is demonstrated. The isolation of the filter is better than 30 dB from dc up to 7.7 f0 in the OFF state.
Cavities of weak magnetic field strength in the wake of FTEs: Results from global magnetospheric MHD simulations

We use the global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code BATS‐R‐US to model multipoint observations of Flux Transfer Event (FTE) signatures. Simulations with high spatial and temporal resolution predict that cavities of weak magnetic field strength protruding into the magnetosphere trail FTEs. These predictions are consistent with recently reported multi‐point Cluster observations of traveling magnetopause erosion regions (TMERs).
TMP/SMX is still the preferred empiric antibiotic for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection in the HIV population.

To the Editors: Within the last decade, there has been an increased incidence in methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) within the HIV-infected population. Research has identified low CD4 counts, intravenous drug use, male-to-male sexual contact, syphilis, end-stage renal disease, and recent beta-lactam antibiotic use as risk factors for MRSA SSTI in this population. Not surprisingly, recurrence of infection is high (27%) at 6-month followup. Therefore, treatment of these patients can be complicated. Skin and soft tissue infections in the general population often improve with incision and drainage alone, but patients with advanced immunosuppression and high rates of recurrence often require antibiotic therapy. Selection of empiric antibiotic therapy can be complicated in this population who frequently are exposed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis prophylaxis and doxycycline for treatment of chlamydia. To help determine which antibiotic should be the preferred empiric agent in MRSA SSTI, we reviewed all cases of SSTI with MRSA results by culture report in our Los Angeles–based clinics from 2005 to 2010. We studied the resistance patterns of all culture-proven MRSA SSTI from 2005–2010 (group 1) and then compared our data with the antibiogram of MRSA SSTI culture data collected in 2003–2004 (group 2) to ascertain if there has been a significant shift in the resistance pattern in the last 5 years. During 2005–2010 (group 1), we identified 152 patients (12 females) who had culture-proven MRSA SSTI. Within group 1, TMP/SMX resistance was 5%, clindamycin resistance was 35%, tetracycline resistance was 13%, and rifampin resistance was ,1%. Data from 2003 to 2004 demonstrate culture-proven MRSA SSTI in 64 patients (2 females). In this group, TMP/SMX resistance was 1.5%, clindamycin resistance was 17%, tetracycline resistance was 37.5%, and rifampin resistance was 0% (Fig. 1). During the 5-year period, our data suggest an increase of MRSA resistance to TMP/SMX, clindamycin, and rifampin. Interestingly, we did note a decrease in tetracycline resistance. Resistance rates to TMP/SMX have increased, however, it remains lower than other agents, rendering it the preferred empiric antibiotic for MRSA SSTI in HIVinfected patients currently.
56-Gb/s Optical Transmission Performance of an InP HBT PAM4 Driver Compensating for Nonlinearity of Extinction Curve of EAM

This paper presents a four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) driver IC that can compensate for the nonlinearity of the extinction curve of an electroabsorption modulator (EAM). The driver was designed and fabricated by using our InP HBT technology (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{t}\,= \,{\text{290 GHz}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{{\rm{max}}}\,= \,{\text{320 GHz}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>). To obtain a high extinction ratio, when an EAM is driven in the nonlinear region with PAM4 signals, eye patterns of PAM4 optical waveforms are unequally spaced. This driver can adjust the modulation voltage swing for each intensity level to achieve clear eye openings in the optical domain. The results show clear eye openings of the optical output waveform with compensation for the nonlinearity. To evaluate the effect of the compensation quantitatively, the bit error rate (BER) was measured. Minimum receiver sensitivities of –9 and –8 dBm were observed for the back-to-back (B to B) configuration and transmission over 20-km-long single-mode fiber with the compensation at a BER of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\,\times \,10^{- 4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , while error-free operation was not observed at the BER without our proposed compensation technique. Furthermore, our PAM4 driver compensates for nonlinearity of various extinction curves of an EAM. For the B to B configuration, a minimum receiver sensitivity below –8 dBm was observed at the BER for each extinction curve.
Existentialism and psychoanalysis: from antiquity to postmodernism.

The term “existentialism” is so ambiguous that it has essentially become a meaningless word: it is associated with a number of disparate philosophical doctrines, social-political movements, and artistic sensibilities, that it becomes slippery to pin down its core philosophical tenets to such a degree that an undertaking of this kind would be no less rendered moot. We may nevertheless say that existentialism is a form of phenomenological philosophy that relies on certain reflective methods of studying human consciousness instantiated in the individual, society, and culture, which emerged as a popular general movement characteristic of 20 century European thought represented th
Effects of heating and calcium and phosphate mineral supplementation on the physical properties of rennet-induced coagulation of camel and cow milk gels

The physical properties of rennet-induced coagulation of preheated camel and cow milk gels (50 and 70 °C for 10 min) enriched with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na2HPO42H2O) were evaluated using the dynamic low amplitude oscillatory shear analysis. The storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʺ) of camel milk gels showed significant (P < 0·05) lower values than those of cow milk gels. The preheating of camel milk at 50 °C affected negatively the gelation properties, while the preheating at 70 °C prevented the formation of rennet-induced milk gels. No effect was observed on the gelation properties of cow milk gels. The CaCl2 added at 10 and 20 mM to preheated camel and cow milk reduced significantly (P < 0·05) the gelation time and increased the gel firmness. In contrast, Na2HPO42H2O added at 10 and 20 mM induced the formation of weak gels for preheated camel and cow milk at 50 °C, and even no gelation for preheated camel milk at 70 °C.
Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and overweight in Portuguese children.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to assess the association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and childhood overweight. DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional analysis. SETTING The data were derived from a community-based survey of children from primary schools of Portugal. SUBJECTS The study was performed in a sample of 6-12-year-old Portuguese school children (2445 girls and 2400 boys; age was 8.5+/-0.91 years). MEASUREMENTS Height and weight were measured according to international standards, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The definition of overweight was based on average centiles according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. Children's parents completed a self-administered questionnaire, which provided information on general family background characteristics, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and children's physical activity. The response rate was 70.6%. Children's dietary intake was measured using a 24-h dietary recall. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the magnitude of the association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and overweight in their children, adjusting for confounders (gender, age, birthweight, order of birth, breastfeeding, smoking during pregnancy, physical activity, parental BMI, parental education, calcium to protein ratio and energy intake). RESULTS The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 29% in boys and 33% in girls. The odds favouring overweight (including obesity) increased significantly for those women who gained > or =16 kg during pregnancy, compared to those with <9 kg , even after adjustment for confounders (crude odds ratio (OR)=1.53, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.27-1.84, P-trend <0.001; Adjusted OR=1.27, CI 95% 1.01-1.61, P-trend=0.038). CONCLUSION Large maternal weight gain during pregnancy (> or =16 kg) was significantly associated with higher risk of overweight in Portuguese children.
Involvement of the Antiplatelet Activity of Magnesium Sulfate in Suppression of Protein Kinase C and the Na+/H+ Exchanger

Magnesium sulfate is widely used to prevent seizures in pregnant women with hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory mechanisms of magnesium sulfate in platelet aggregation in vitro. In this study, magnesium sulfate concentration-dependently (0.6–3.0 mM) inhibited platelet aggregation in human platelets stimulated by agonists. Magnesium sulfate (1.5 and 3.0 mM) also concentration-dependently inhibited phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca+2 mobilization in human platelets stimulated by thrombin. Rapid phosphorylation of a platelet protein of Mr 47,000 (P47), a marker of protein kinase C activation, was triggered by phorbol-12-13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 50 nM). This phosphorylation was markedly inhibited by magnesium sulfate (3.0 mM). Magnesium sulfate (1.5 and 3.0 mM) further inhibited PDBu-stimulated platelet aggregation in human platelets. The thrombin-evoked increase in pHi was markedly inhibited in the presence of magnesium sulfate (3.0 mM). In conclusion, these results indicate that the antiplatelet activity of magnesium sulfate may be involved in the following two pathways: (1) Magnesium sulfate may inhibit the activation of protein kinase C, followed by inhibition of phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca+2 mobilization, thereby leading to inhibition of the phosphorylation of P47. (2) On the other hand, magnesium sulfate inhibits the Na+/H+ exchanger, leading to reduced intracellular Ca+2 mobilization, and ultimately to inhibition of platelet aggregation and the ATP-release reaction.
High T/R isolation and phase-noise suppression in millimeter wave FMCW radars

We present a phase noise analysis on a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars at millimeter wavelengths to achieve a transmit power up to 1 Watt. To attain high transmit power, we describe a FMCW radar design that satisfy two characteristics. First, high transmit/receive (T/R) isolation better than 80 dB, obtained through a quasioptical duplexing method and high directivity horns. Second, a “feedforward” circuit architecture that cancels the phase noise to a high degree. We will also present the measurements and simulations results of the T/R isolation and phase noise cancelation measurements using a W-band FMCW radar prototype for a planetary science application.
High resolution quantitative relaxation and diffusion mri of three different experimental brain tumors in rat

The potential of quantitative parameter images of the relaxation times T1 and T2, the proton density p and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to characterize three different experimental rat brain tumors (F98 glioma, RN6 Schwannoma, and E376 neuroblastoma) was studied. All parameter values, as determined in histologically confirmed regions of interest (ROI), were higher in edema than in tumor, which in turn were elevated with respect to normal brain. ROI values of ADC and T2 delivered statistically significant (P < 0.01) differentiation between tumor and edema. Multidimensional parameter combinations improved differentiation between different tissues. However, the three tumor types could not be differentiated. All parameter maps allowed the identification of the whole tumoredema area. On T2 images, edema could be identified best, whereas the tumor itself was hardly visualized. In many cases, tumor presentation using T1 maps corresponded best with histology, nevertheless suffering from a poor tumoredema differentiation.
Release of Immunoreactive Insulin from the Human Heart

Abstract Arterial‐coronary sinus differences in plasma immunoreaetive insulin concentration have been determined in 21 healthy men in the fasting state. Measurements were made both at rest and during prolonged exercise in all subjects and, in 9 of these, during an intravenous infusion of sodium nicotinate. Significant myocardial extraction of insulin could not be detected, but during prolonged exercise and also during the infusion of sodium nicotinate in resting subjects, net release of insulin from the myocardium took place. There was a positive linear relationship between arterial‐coronary sinus difference in insulin concentration and arterial insulin concentration. The most marked release of insulin from the heart occurred at the lowest arterial concentrations.
Identification of Purα as a New Hypoxia Response Factor Responsible for Coordinated Induction of the β2 Integrin Family1

Central to the process of inflammation are hypoxic conditions that lead to the binding of circulating leukocytes to the endothelium. We have previously shown that such binding is mediated by monocytes being able to directly sense hypoxic conditions and respond by inducing their surface expression of the β2 integrin family of adhesion molecules. In this study, we show that coordinated induction of the β2 integrins during direct hypoxia-sensing occurs through transcriptional activation of each of the genes by which they are encoded. Certain of the molecular mechanisms that mediate this activation in transcription are dependent upon hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), whereas others are HIF-1 independent. In search of these HIF-1-independent mechanisms, we identified Purα as a new hypoxia-response factor. Binding of Purα to the HIF-1-independent β2 integrin promoters is induced by hypoxia and mutagenesis of these Purα-binding sites almost completely abolishes the ability of the promoters to respond to hypoxic conditions. Additional studies using siRNA directed against Purα also revealed a loss in the hypoxic response of the β2 integrin promoters. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that hypoxia induces a coordinated up-regulation in β2 integrin expression that is dependent upon transcriptional mechanisms mediated by HIF-1 and Purα.
Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona: Clostridium baratii and Clostridium botulinum

SUMMARY Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disorder that can be potentially life-threatening. In Barcelona, Spain, no outbreaks had been reported in the past 25 years. However, in September 2011, two outbreaks occurred involving two different families. A rare case of Clostridium baratii which produced a neurotoxin F outbreak was detected in five family members who had shared lunch, and several days before that another family was affected by C. botulinum toxin A which was probably present in homemade pâté.
Small stock in development.

Low-fibre sunflower residue (SFR) included in the diet is a viable option for improving production in smallholder-owned poultry. Four hundred day-old broiler chicks (200 hybrid + 200 village chicks) were given broiler starter (1-28 days) and a low-fibre sunflower residue diet (29-84 days). On day 29 the chicks were randomly allocated to four treatments (2 types of chicks, 2 systems of housing): Hybrid, in pen and free range; Village in pens and free range; replicated on 10 farms and managed by women. Weight gain, feed and water intake were significantly lower (P<0.05) in village chickens (0.70– 0.72 kg) at eight weeks and (1.05 kg–1.19 kg) at 12 weeks compared with hybrid chickens (1.96–2.43 kg) at eight weeks and (2. 54–3.37 kg) at 12 weeks. However, the breast meat tissue of the village chickens was high in crude protein (CP, 74 per cent) and low in ether extract (EE, 33 per cent) compared with 69 per cent CP and 50 per cent EE in hybrids. At eight weeks, feed efficiency in free-range village chickens (2.7) was similar to hybrids in pen (2.6) and free-range hybrids. This was better than village chickens in pen (3.2). Interestingly, at 12 weeks, feed efficiency declined in hybrids (4.0 penned, 4.2 free-range), while there was an improvement in village chickens (3.0 penned, 2.6 free-range). A low water: feed ratio was observed in village chickens (1.6 free-range, 1.7 penned) compared with free-range hybrids (2.1) and hybrids in pen (2.2) at eight weeks. However, at 12 weeks the differences in water: feed ratio between hybrid and village chickens were not significant (P>0.05), being 2.2 in pen and 2.1 in free-range hybrid compared with 1.9 in penned and 1.8 in free-range village chickens. At eight weeks the gross margin per bird for hybrids (equivalent to US$ 2.30-3.19) was high compared to village chickens (equivalent to US$ 54-0.79). But at 12 weeks village chickens showed improved gross margin (equivalent to US$ 1.21-1.27) compared with hybrid chickens (equivalent to US$ 1.27-2.33). Return per dollar of village chickens in pens (1.30) was lower than village chickens on free-range (1.55), which was similar to hybrid chickens on free range (1.60). At 12 weeks, return per dollar significantly improved (1.48–1.61) for village chickens compared with 1.20–1.30 for hybrid chickens.
Neuropathological changes in scrapie and Alzheimer's disease are associated with increased expression of apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D in astrocytes

With the rationale that the neuropathological similarities between scrapie and Alzheimer's disease reflect convergent pathological mechanisms involving altered gene expression, we set out to identify molecular events involved in both processes, using scrapie as a model to study the time course of these changes. We differentially screened a cDNA library constructed from scrapie-infected mice to identify mRNAs that increase or decrease during disease and discovered in this way two mRNAs that are increased in scrapie and Alzheimer's disease. These mRNAs were subsequently shown by sequence analysis to encode apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5). Using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to define the cellular and anatomic pathology of altered gene expression, we found that in both diseases the increase in apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D mRNAs and proteins occurred in activated astrocytes. In scrapie, the increase in gene expression occurred soon after the amyloid-forming abnormal isoform of the prion protein has been shown to accumulate in astrocytes. In Alzheimer's disease, the increased expression of cathepsin D also occurred in association with beta-amyloid. These studies reveal some of the molecular antecedents of neuropathological changes in scrapie and Alzheimer's disease and accord new prominence to the role of astrocytes in neurodegenerative conditions.
Towards a formal semantics of verbal irony

This paper presents a formal semantics of verbal irony in assertions. In particular, it makes precise what is meant by the common intuition that an ironic utterance expresses the opposite of its literal meaning. We start by considering cases of verbal irony that are marked by a particular prosodic tune in English. We then demonstrate that an extant model for intonational meaning can be extended to capture ironic prosody. Afterwards, we discuss how to expand this semantics to cases of irony that are not marked by prosody.
Laser-Based Kinematic Calibration of Robot Manipulator Using Differential Kinematics

This paper proposes a novel systematic technique to estimate entire kinematic parameter errors of robot manipulator. Small errors always exist in link length and link twist for physical manipulators, which affect the precision in kinematic equations leading to calculate wrong joint angle values in inverse kinematic equations. In order to solve these problems, the proposed technique employs a structured laser module (SLM), a stationary camera, the Jacobian matrices, and an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The SLM is attached to the end-effector of the manipulator arm and the stationary camera is used to determine an accurate position where the laser comes out. Variances between actual and measured positions of laser beams are represented by the Jacobian matrices formulated from differential kinematics. Then, the EKF is used to estimate kinematic parameters. Effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified with 7 DOF humanoid manipulator arm by computer simulation and 4 DOF manipulator by actual experiment.
A Clustering Based Archive Multi Objective Gravitational Search Algorithm

Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a recent created metaheuristic optimization algo- rithm with good results in function optimization as well as real world optimization problems. Many real world problems involve multiple (often conflicting) ob jectives, which should be optimized si- multaneously. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a multi-objective version of GSA, namely clustering based archive multi-objective GSA (CA-MOGSA). Proposed method is created based on the Pareto principles. Selected non-dominated solutions are stored in an external archive. To control the size of archive, the solutions with less crowding distance are removed. These strate- gies guarantee the elitism and diversity as two important features of multi-objective algorithms. The archive is clustered and a cluster is randomly selected for e ach agent to apply the gravitational force to attract it. The selection of the proper cluster is based on the distance between clusters represen- tatives and population member (the agent). Therefore, suitable trade-off between exploration and exploitation is provided. The experimental results on eight standard benchmark functions reveal that CA-MOGSA is a well-organized multi-objective version of GSA. It is comparable with the state-of- the-art algorithms including non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) and better than multi-objective GSA (MOGSA), time-variant par- ticle swarm optimization (TV-PSO), and non-dominated sorting GSA (NSGSA).
Optimal Mechanisms for Heterogeneous Multi-Cell Aquifers

Standard economic models of groundwater management impose restrictive assumptions regarding perfect transmissivity (i.e., the aquifer behaves as a bathtub), no external effects of groundwater stocks, observability of individual extraction rates, and/or homogeneous agents. In this article, we derive regulatory mechanisms for inducing the socially optimal extraction path in Markov perfect equilibrium for aquifers in which these assumptions do not hold. In spite of the complexity of the underlying system, we identify an interesting case in which a simple linear mechanism achieves the social optimum. To illustrate potential problems that can arise by erroneously imposing simplifying assumptions, we conduct a simulation based on data from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.