Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving Downgrade and DoS Attack Due to the Four Ways Handshake
Vulnerabilities (WIFI)

The growing volume of attacks on the Internet has increased the demand for more robust systems and sophisticated tools for vulnerability analysis, intrusion detection, forensic investigations, and possible responses. Current hacker tools and technologies warrant reengineering to address cyber crime and homeland security. The being aware of the flaws on a network is necessary to secure the information infrastructure by gathering network topology, intelligence, internal/external vulnerability analysis, and penetration testing. This paper has as main objective to minimize damages and preventing the attackers from exploiting weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the 4 ways handshake (WIFI). We equally present a detail study on various attacks and some solutions to avoid or prevent such attacks in WLAN.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Transcriptomic Data Reveals Refined Functional Networks for the Self-Renewal of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are exquisitely regulated to reach a balance between proliferation and differentiation in the niche of seminiferous epithelium. Several extrinsic factors such as GDNF are reported to switch the transition, activating various intrinsic signaling pathways. Transcriptomics analysis could provide a comprehensive landscape of gene expression and regulation. Here, we reanalyzed a previously published transcriptome of two cell types (standing for self-renewing and differentiating SSCs correspondingly). First, we proposed a new parameter, the expression index, to sort the genes considering both absolute and relative expression levels. Using a dynamic statistical model, we identified a list of 1119 candidate genes for SSC self-renewal with the best enrichment of canonical markers. Finally, based on interaction relations, we further optimized the list and constructed a refined network containing integrated information of interactions, expression alternations, biological functions, and disease associations. Further annotation of the 521 refined genes involved in the network revealed an enrichment of well-studied signaling pathways. We believe that the refined network could help us better understand the regulation of SSCs' fates, as well as find novel regulators or targets for SSC self-renewal or preservation of male fertility.
An Easily Customized Gesture Recognizer for Assisted Living Using Commodity Mobile Devices

Automatic gesture recognition is an important field in the area of human-computer interaction. Until recently, the main approach to gesture recognition was based mainly on real time video processing. The objective of this work is to propose the utilization of commodity smartwatches for such purpose. Smartwatches embed accelerometer sensors, and they are endowed with wireless communication capabilities (primarily Bluetooth), so as to connect with mobile phones on which gesture recognition algorithms may be executed. The algorithmic approach proposed in this paper accepts as the input readings from the smartwatch accelerometer sensors and processes them on the mobile phone. As a case study, the gesture recognition application was developed for Android devices and the Pebble smartwatch. This application allows the user to define the set of gestures and to train the system to recognize them. Three alternative methodologies were implemented and evaluated using a set of six 3-D natural gestures. All the reported results are quite satisfactory, while the method based on SAX (Symbolic Aggregate approXimation) was proven the most efficient.
Classification of Computed Tomography Images in Different Slice Positions Using Deep Learning

This study aimed at elucidating the relationship between the number of computed tomography (CT) images, including data concerning the accuracy of models and contrast enhancement for classifying the images. We enrolled 1539 patients who underwent contrast or noncontrast CT imaging, followed by dividing the CT imaging dataset for creating classification models into 10 classes for brain, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast-enhanced and plain imaging. The number of images prepared in each class were 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, and 10,000. Accordingly, the names of datasets were defined as 0.1K, 0.5K, 1K, 2K, 3K, 4K, 5K, 6K, 7K, 8K, 9K, and 10K, respectively. We subsequently created and evaluated the models and compared the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture between AlexNet and GoogLeNet. The time required for training models of AlexNet was lesser than that for GoogLeNet. The best overall accuracy for the classification of 10 classes was 0.721 with the 10K dataset of GoogLeNet. Furthermore, the best overall accuracy for the classification of the slice position without contrast media was 0.862 with the 2K dataset of AlexNet.
Beneficial Effect of Multidomain Cognitive Training on the Neuropsychological Performance of Patients with Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease

Background and Purpose There is an increasing interest in the effect of nonpharmacological interventions on the course of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of the present study is to determine the benefits of a structured, multidomain, mostly computer-based, cognitive training (MCT) οn the cognitive performance of patients with early-stage AD. Method Fifty patients with early-stage AD participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated either to the training program group (n = 25) or to a wait list control group (n = 25). The training program group received computer-assisted MCT and linguistic exercises utilizing pen and paper supplemented by cognitive-linguistic exercises for homework. The duration of the MCT intervention program was 15 weeks, and it was administered twice a week. Each session lasted for approximately one hour. Objective measures of episodic memory, delayed memory, word recognition, attention, executive function, processing speed, semantic fluency, and naming were assessed at baseline and after the completion of the program in both groups. Results Analysis showed that in controls, delayed memory and executive function had deteriorated over the observation period of 15 weeks, while the training group improved their performance in word recognition, Boston Naming Test (BNT), semantic fluency (SF), clock-drawing test (CDT), digit span forward (DSF), digit span backward (DSB), trail-making test A (TMT A), and trail-making test B (TMT B). Comparison between the training group and the controls showed that MCT had a significant beneficial effect in delayed memory, naming, semantic fluency, visuospatial ability, executive functions, attention, and processing speed. Conclusions The study provides evidence of a beneficial effect of MCT with an emphasis on cognitive-language performance of patients with early-stage AD. Considering the limited efficacy of current pharmacological therapies in AD, concurrent computer-based MCT may represent an additional enhancing treatment option in early-stage AD patients.
Strain distribution on a finger link: a static simulation study

Abstract Functional prosthetics hands which have the ability to help amputees perform tasks in daily life have been developed over many years. These hands need a control system which is fed information from sensors mounted on a prosthetic hand and human–machine interface. A variety of sensors therefore been developed for the prosthetic hand to measure fingertip force, joint angle (position), object slip, texture and temperature. However, most of the strain/stress sensors are attached to the fingertip. In this paper, the potential positions for strain sensors on the side of the finger link of the prosthetic hand are investigated that, in the future, will allow for force control in a lateral or key grip. With modified links of a Southampton Hand, some promising positions for strain sensors have been determined. On some of the links, the strain sensor can be used as an indicator to show the angle of the finger during a curling operation.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Satellite Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) Algorithm Extension to S-NPP VIIRS as Part of the “Deep Blue” Aerosol Project

The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, launched in late 2011, carries the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and several other instruments. VIIRS has similar characteristics to prior satellite sensors used for aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval, allowing the continuation of space-based aerosol data records. The Deep Blue algorithm has previously been applied to retrieve AOD from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements over land. The SeaWiFS Deep Blue data set also included a SeaWiFS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval (SOAR) algorithm to cover water surfaces. As part of NASA’s VIIRS data processing, Deep Blue is being applied to VIIRS data over land, and SOAR has been adapted from SeaWiFS to VIIRS for use over water surfaces. This study describes SOAR as applied in version 1 of NASA’s S-NPP VIIRS Deep Blue data product suite. Several advances have been made since the SeaWiFS application, as well as changes to make use of the broader spectral range of VIIRS. A preliminary validation against Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) measurements suggests a typical uncertainty on retrieved 550 nm AOD of order ± (0.03+10%), comparable to existing SeaWiFS/MODIS aerosol data products. Retrieved Ångström exponent and ﬁne-mode AOD fraction are also well correlated with MAN data, continuity as existing satellite missions end • Results show improved capabilities to identify aerosol type and ﬁne/coarse-mode partition, as compared to SeaWiFS and MODIS • The data will be provided in near-real time alongside land Deep Blue data, to provide near-global coverage, for
Fungal Endophyte Alternaria tenuissima Can Affect Growth and Selenium Accumulation in Its Hyperaccumulator Host Astragalus bisulcatus

Endophytes can enhance plant stress tolerance by promoting growth and affecting elemental accumulation, which may be useful in phytoremediation. In earlier studies, up to 35% elemental selenium (Se0) was found in Se hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus. Since Se0 can be produced by microbes, the plant Se0 was hypothesized to be microbe-derived. Here we characterize a fungal endophyte of A. bisulcatus named A2. It is common in seeds from natural seleniferous habitat containing 1,000–10,000 mg kg-1 Se. We identified A2 as Alternaria tenuissima via 18S rRNA sequence analysis and morphological characterization. X-ray microprobe analysis of A. bisulcatus seeds that did or did not harbor Alternaria, showed that both contained >90% organic seleno-compounds with C-Se-C configuration, likely methylselenocysteine and glutamyl-methylselenocysteine. The seed Se was concentrated in the embryo, not the seed coat. X-ray microprobe analysis of A2 in pure culture showed the fungus produced Se0 when supplied with selenite, but accumulated mainly organic C-Se-C compounds when supplied with selenate. A2 was completely resistant to selenate up to 300 mg L-1, moderately resistant to selenite (50% inhibition at ∼50 mg Se L-1), but relatively sensitive to methylselenocysteine and to Se extracted from A. bisulcatus (50% inhibition at 25 mg Se L-1). Four-week old A. bisulcatus seedlings derived from surface-sterilized seeds containing endophytic Alternaria were up to threefold larger than seeds obtained from seeds not showing evidence of fungal colonization. When supplied with Se, the Alternaria-colonized seedlings had lower shoot Se and sulfur levels than seedlings from uncolonized seeds. In conclusion, A. tenuissima may contribute to the Se0 observed earlier in A. bisulcatus, and affect host growth and Se accumulation. A2 is sensitive to the Se levels found in its host’s tissues, but may avoid Se toxicity by occupying low-Se areas (seed coat, apoplast) and converting plant Se to non-toxic Se0. These findings illustrate the potential for hyperaccumulator endophytes to affect plant properties relevant for phytoremediation. Facultative endophytes may also be applicable in bioremediation and biofortification, owing to their capacity to turn toxic inorganic forms of Se into non-toxic or even beneficial, organic forms with anticarcinogenic properties.
Optimal Coverage and Rate in Downlink Cellular Networks: A SIR Meta-Distribution Based Approach

In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the coverage and spectral efficiency of a downlink cellular network. Rather than relying on the first order statistics of received signal-to- interference-ratio (SIR) such as coverage probability, we focus on characterizing its meta- distribution. Our analysis is based on the alpha- beta-gamma (ABG) path-loss model which provides us with the flexibility to analyze urban macro (UMa) and urban micro (UMi) deployments. With the help of an analytical framework, we demonstrate that selection of underlying degrees-of-freedom such as BS height for optimization of first order statistics such as coverage probability is not optimal in the network-wide sense. Consequently, the SIR meta-distribution must be employed to select appropriate operational points which will ensure consistent user experiences across the network. Our design framework reveals that the traditional results which advocate lowering of BS heights or even optimal selection of BS height do not yield consistent service experience across users. By employing the developed framework we also demonstrate how available spectral resources in terms of time slots&#x002F;channel partitions can be optimized by considering the meta-distribution of the SIR.
Inter-individual Variability in Responses to 7 Weeks of Plyometric Jump Training in Male Youth Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the inter-individual variability in the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness (sprint time, change of direction speed, countermovement jump, 20- and 40-cm drop jump reactive strength index, multiple five bounds distance, maximal kicking distance, and 2.4-km time trial) in youth soccer players who completed a PJT program versus players who completed soccer training only. In a single-blinded study, participants aged between 10 and 16 years were randomly divided into a PJT group (n = 38) and a control group (n = 38). The experimental group participated in a PJT program twice weekly for 7 weeks, whereas the control group continued with their regular soccer training sessions. Between-group differences were examined using a Mann–Whitney U test. Nonresponders where defined as individuals who failed to demonstrate any beneficial change that was greater than two times the typical error of measurement from zero. The results indicated that the mean group improvement for all physical fitness measures was greater (p < 0.05) in the PJT group (Δ = 0.4 to 23.3%; ES = 0.04 to 0.58) than in the control group (Δ = 0.1 to 3.8%; ES = 0.02 to 0.35). In addition, a significantly greater (p < 0.05) number of responders across all dependent variables was observed in the PJT group (from 4 up to 33 responders) than in the control group (from 0 up to 9 responders). In conclusion, compared to soccer training only, PJT induced greater physical fitness improvements in youth soccer players, with a greater number of responders for all the physical fitness tests related to jumping, speed, change of direction speed, endurance, and kicking technical ability.
Biomarkers for Antidepressant Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy: An Exploratory Cerebrospinal Fluid Study

Background: No candidate biomarkers based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been identified as prognostic factors in patients with major depression treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), yet. Method: Following different underlying hypotheses, we analysed baseline CSF levels of markers of neurodegeneration (tau proteins, β-amyloids and neurogranin), elements of the innate immune system (interleukin [IL]-6, neopterin, soluble CD14, soluble CD163, migration inhibitory factor and monocyte chemotactic protein 1), endocannabinoids, sphingolipids and Klotho before ECT in patients with depression (n = 12) to identify possible correlations with the clinical antidepressant response to ECT. Results: Correlation with the reduction of the depressive symptoms could be observed especially for markers of neurodegeneration and elements of the innate immune system. Differences for CSF levels of several markers were found between the groups of responders and non-responders at the trend level. Limitations: The sample size is small and the distribution of responders and non-responders is uneven. Conclusions: It is this first study on CSF biomarkers for antidepressant efficacy of ECT warrants further research regarding the mechanism of ECT and personalized antidepressant therapy.
The Case for API Communicability Evaluation: Introducing API-SI with Examples from Keras

In addition to their vital role in professional software development, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are now increasingly used by non-professional programmers, including end users, scientists and experts from other domains. Therefore, good APIs must meet old and new user requirements. Most of the re-search on API evaluation and design derives from user-centered, cognitive perspectives on human-computer interaction. As an alternative, we present a lower-threshold variant of a previously proposed semiotic API evaluation tool. We illustrate the procedures and power of this variant, called API Signification Inspection (API-SI), with Keras, a Deep Learning API. The illustration also shows how the method can complement and fertilize API usability studies. Additionally, API-SI is packaged as an introductory semiotic tool that API designers and researchers can use to evaluate the communication of design intent and product rationale to other programmers through implicit and explicit signs thereof, encountered in the API structure, behavior and documentation.
Evolutionary Hotspots of Seed Plants in Subtropical China: A Comparison With Species Diversity Hotspots of Woody Seed Plants

Genetic diversity is a fundamental level of biodiversity. However, it is frequently neglected in conservation prioritization because intraspecific genetic diversity is difficult to measure at large scales. In this study, we synthesized population genetic or phylogeographic datasets of 33 seed plants in subtropical China into multi-species genetic landscapes. The genetic landscapes identified 18 evolutionary hotspots with high within-population genetic diversity (WGD), and among-population genetic diversity (AGD), or both. The western subtropical China is rich in AGD (possessing four major AGD hotspots), deserving a high conservation priority. We found that WGD was positively correlated with longitude, with most WGD hotspots locating in east subtropical China. The results showed that the locations of 12 of 18 evolutionary hotspots corresponded approximately to those of previously identified species diversity (SD) hotspots, however, a positive and significant correlation existed only between AGD and SD, not between WGD and SD. Therefore, spatial patterns of species richness in plants in subtropical China cannot generally be used as surrogate for their intraspecific diversity. This study identified multi-species evolutionary hotspots and correlated multi-species genetic diversity with SD across subtropical China for the first time, providing profound implications for the conservation of biodiversity in this important ecoregion.
Pilot study comparing steroid-impregnated and non-steroid-impregnated absorbable nasal dressing following endoscopic sinus surgery.

INTRODUCTION Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the mainstay for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis versus maximal medical therapy. We propose a more economical option, by using steroid-impregnated Gelfoam instead of Nasopore post ESS, as it is less expensive and has showed effectiveness in preventing post-operative bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in eight patients with chronic rhinosinusitis or nasal polyposis who were planned for bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery. A Peri-operative Sinus Endoscopy (POSE) Score and Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score (LKES) were recorded. The use of hydrocortisone-impregnated Gelfoam dressing versus normal saline-impregnated Gelfoam dressing were compared. Scores were repeated post-operatively at one week, three weeks and three months interval. RESULTS For LKES, at the end of three months, 50% of the patients had the same score difference, 37.5% had better results on the study side while 12.5% had better results on the control side. Meanwhile, for POSE Score, at the end of three months, 75% of the patients had better score difference on the study side while 12.5% had better results on the control side. CONCLUSION Gelfoam can be used as nasal packing material to deliver topical steroid after endoscopic sinus surgery. Steroid-impregnated nasal dressing after endoscopic sinus surgery may not provide better long-term outcome.
Case Report and Genetic Sequence Analysis of Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica, Southern Africa

Tickborne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia species is rarely reported in travelers returning from Africa. We report a case of a 71-year-old woman who sought treatment at University Medical Center in Freiburg, Germany, in 2015 with recurrent fever after traveling to southern Africa. We detected spirochetes in Giemsa-stained blood smears. Treatment with doxycycline for suspected tickborne relapsing fever was successful. Sequence analyses of several loci (16S rRNA, flagellin, uvrA) showed high similarity to the recently described Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica, which was found in a traveler returning from the same region earlier that year. We provide additional information regarding the genetic relationship of Candidatus B. kalaharica. Sequence information for an additional 6 housekeeping genes enables improved comparability to other borrelial species that cause relapsing fever. Our report underlines the importance and possible emergence of the only recently delineated pathogen in southern Africa.
Perceived Race Affects Configural Processing but Not Holistic Processing in the Composite-Face Task

One explanation for the own-race bias in face recognition is the loss of holistic processing for other-race faces. The composite-face task (involving matching the top halves of faces when the bottom halves are either changed or the same) tests holistic processing but it has been inconsistent in revealing other-race effects. Two composite-face experiments are reported using pairs of faces that have common internal features but can be perceived as either being racially Black or White depending on their external features. In Experiment 1 (matching the top halves of faces) holistic processing was found for both face races for White participants (shown by both a mis-alignment advantage when bottom halves were different and also by a congruence-by-alignment interaction in discrimination). Bayesian analysis supported there being no effect of race. However, the size of the simple congruence effect was larger for own- than for other-race faces. Experiment 2 found that this race-by-congruence interaction was not present when matching the bottom halves of faces. The results are interpreted in of terms of the perceived race affecting the processing of second-order relational information rather than holistic processing.