Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Substituted Nitrobenzenes by Fe(II) in Aqueous Mineral Suspensions.

The kinetics of the reduction of 10 monosubstituted nitrobenzenes (NBs) by Fe(II) has been investigated under various experimental conditions in aqueous suspensions of minerals commonly present in soils and sediments. Aqueous solutions of Fe(II) were unreactive. In suspensions of Fe(III)-containing minerals (magnetite, goethite, and lepidocrocite), Fe(II) readily reduced the NBs to the corresponding anilines in a strongly pH-dependent reaction. Our results suggest that on other mineral surfaces (γ-aluminum oxide, amorphous silica, titanium dioxide, and kaolinite) iron (hydr)oxide coatings are indispensable to promote the reduction of NBs by adsorbed Fe(ll). Apparent pseudo-first-order rate constants, k obs , were used to describe the initial kinetics of the NB reduction, covering several half-lives of the compounds. The distinct effect of substituents on k obs and the observed pronounced competition between different NBs indicate that precursor complex formation as well as the (re)generation of reactive surface sites are rate-determining steps in the overall reduction of the NBs. The results of this study demonstrate that Fe(ll) adsorbed on iron (hydr)oxide surfaces or surface coatings may play an important role in the reductive transformation of organic pollutants in subsurface environments. Our findings may also contribute to a better understanding of the various redox processes involved in groundwater remediation techniques based on Fe(0) as the bulk reductant.
Comprehensive genetic analysis of cytarabine sensitivity in a cell-based model identifies polymorphisms associated with outcome in AML patients.

A whole-genome approach was used to investigate the genetic determinants of cytarabine-induced cytotoxicity. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies involving 523 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from individuals of European, African, Asian, and African American ancestry. Several of the highest-ranked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were within the mutated in colorectal cancers (MCC) gene. MCC expression was induced by cytarabine treatment from 1.7- to 26.6-fold in LCLs. A total of 33 SNPs ranked at the top of the meta-analysis (P < 10(-5)) were successfully tested in a clinical trial of patients randomized to receive low-dose or high-dose cytarabine plus daunorubicin and etoposide; of these, 18 showed association (P < .05) with either cytarabine 50% inhibitory concentration in leukemia cells or clinical response parameters (minimal residual disease, overall survival (OS), and treatment-related mortality). This count (n = 18) was significantly greater than expected by chance (P = .016). For rs1203633, LCLs with AA genotype were more sensitive to cytarabine-induced cytotoxicity (P = 1.31 × 10(-6)) and AA (vs GA or GG) genotype was associated with poorer OS (P = .015), likely as a result of greater treatment-related mortality (P = .0037) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This multicenter AML02 study trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT00136084.
Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook

Cross Design Synthesis: A New Strategy for Medical Effectiveness Research, by US General Accounting Office (GAO/PEMD-92-19), 121 pp, paper, $2, Washington, DC, US General Accounting Office, 1992. Meta-analysis has generally been accepted as a valid method to address certain clinical questions that are evaluated in clinical trials. A number of researchers are expanding the scope and depth of this technique through such approaches as cumulative meta-analysis, in which the technique is repeated after each new clinical trial of a certain type is completed until the resulting effect reaches a predetermined level of significance. Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook is a recent book with eight authors, as well as four other chapter contributors. Nonetheless, the eight have created a book of great depth, which is essential reading for people interested in how this methodology may be used. This book will be of greatest interest to researchers in the social sciences, in which
Potential Use of Bacterial Community Succession in Decaying Human Bone for Estimating Postmortem Interval , ,

Bacteria are taphonomic agents of human decomposition, potentially useful for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) in late‐stage decomposition. Bone samples from 12 individuals and three soil samples were analyzed to assess the effects of decomposition and advancing time on bacterial communities. Results indicated that partially skeletonized remains maintained a presence of bacteria associated with the human gut, whereas bacterial composition of dry skeletal remains maintained a community profile similar to soil communities. Variation in the UniFrac distances was significantly greater between groups than within groups (p < 0.001) for the unweighted metric and not the weighted metric. The members of the bacterial communities were more similar within than between decomposition stages. The oligotrophic environment of bone relative to soft tissue and the physical protection of organic substrates may preclude bacterial blooms during the first years of skeletonization. Therefore, community membership (unweighted) may be better for estimating PMI from skeletonized remains than community structure (weighted).
Microwave extraction.

METHOD 3546 MICROWAVE EXTRACTION SW-846 is not intended to be an analytical training manual. Therefore, method procedures are written based on the assumption that they will be performed by analysts who are formally trained in at least the basic principles of chemical analysis and in the use of the subject technology. In addition, SW-846 methods, with the exception of required method use for the analysis of method-defined parameters, are intended to be guidance methods which contain general information on how to perform an analytical procedure or technique which a laboratory can use as a basic starting point for generating its own detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), either for its own general use or for a specific project application. The performance data included in this method are for guidance purposes only, and are not intended to be and must not be used as absolute QC acceptance criteria for purposes of laboratory accreditation. 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 This method is a procedure for extracting water insoluble or slightly water soluble organic compounds from soils, clays, sediments, sludges, and solid wastes. This method was developed and validated on commercially-available solvent extraction systems. Its procedure uses microwave energy to produce elevated temperature and pressure conditions (i.e., 100-115 EC and 50-175 psi) in a closed vessel containing the sample and organic solvent(s) to achieve analyte recoveries equivalent to those from Soxhlet extraction (Method 3540), using less solvent and taking significantly less time than the Soxhlet procedure. Other systems and other types of vessels may be used, provided that the analyst demonstrates appropriate performance for the specific application. 1.2 This method is applicable to the extraction of semivolatile organic compounds, organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, phenoxyacid herbicides, substituted phenols, PCBs, and PCDDs/PCDFs, which may then be analyzed by a variety of chromatographic procedures. This method may also be applicable for the extraction of additional target analytes, provided that the analyst demonstrates adequate performance for the intended application (see Method 3500 and Chapter Two). This method may be applicable to samples containing these analytes at higher concentrations and may be employed after adequate performance is demonstrated for the concentrations of interest (see Method 3500). It may also be applicable to classes of analytes, to fuel types, and to petroleum fractions other than those listed in Sec 1.2. However, in order to use this method for additional analytes, fuel types, petroleum fractions, or different concentrations, the …
Perianal abscess

only Painful initially, patient preference No cost Digitation Pilot RCTs 28 Potential risk of premature closure No cost Open wound (fig 4⇓) RCT = randomised controlled trial. For personal use only: See rights and reprints http://www.bmj. com/permissions Subscribe: http://www.bmj. com/subscribe BMJ 2017;356:j475 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j475 (Published 2017 February 21) Page 4 of 6
Determination of Nitrite in Whole Blood by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection and a Case of Nitrite Poisoning

Although nitrite is widely used in meat processing, it is a major toxicity hazard to children and is responsible for the blue‐baby syndrome. A simple and effective method to determine nitrite in whole blood has been devised using ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. The blood sample was deproteinized by adding acetonitrile and purified with mini‐cartridges to remove hydrophobic compounds, chloride ions, and metal ions. An aliquot of the filtrate was injected onto the ion chromatography. The retention time for nitrite was 13.8 min and the detection limit of nitrite in whole blood was 0.4 μmol/L. The calibration curve was linear (r2 = 0.9999) over the concentration working range. The blood nitrite concentration of a victim who attempted suicide by ingesting sodium nitrite powder was determined using the present method. The basal levels for nitrite in human blood was determined with 7.1 ± 0.9 μmol/L (n = 12).
Technique for Intraoperative Use of Pedography

ABSTRACT Pedography is known to be one of the most efficient methods for biomechanical assessment of the foot. A new device was developed to perform intraoperative pedography (IP). In an earlier validation study, no statistically significant force distribution differences were found between standing subjects with standard pedography and anesthetized subjects in supine position with IP. The main idea was to use the data from an IP to detect nonoptimal biomechanical conditions and to have the opportunity for immediate changes of the correction or reduction in the same procedure. This process may later lead to an improved biomechanical function in the clinical course.
Ocular protection from ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is potentially hazardous to the eye. Sources of UVR are becoming more common in industry and commerce and specialized eye protection is usually provided. For the outdoor worker and the general public the most hazardous source of UVR is the sun and sunglasses are the normal means of eye protection, although consumers are provided with little information about the protection afforded by them. The Standards Association of Australia has issued a standard which sets limits to the UV and visible transmittances of sunglasses. Although this standard applies only to sunglasses, the optical transmittances of over 200 pairs of sunglasses, lenses, prescription glasses, safety glasses and ski goggles were measured over the wavelength range from 250 to 800 nm. The results were compared with the standard and the degree of protection provided in the UV region (250–400 nm) was determined. The ocular UVR dose for the protected eye was calculated using measured solar spectral irradiances, the transmission characteristics of the eyewear and the biological spectral effectiveness of UVR. As a result of this study, it is recommended that protection against UV‐A radiation (315–400 nm) be increased.
Measurement of methane emissions from ruminant livestock using a sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique.

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for determining methane emission factors for cattle. The technique involves the direct measurement of methane emissions from livestock in their natural environment. A small permeation tube containing SF[sub 6] is placed in the cow's rumen, and SF[sub 6] and CH[sub 4] concentrations are measured near the mouth and nostrils of the cow. The SF[sub 6] release provides a way to account for the dilution of gases near the animal's mouth. The CH[sub 4] emission rate can be calculated from the known SF[sub 6] emission rate and the measured SF[sub 6] and CH[sub 4] concentrations. The tracer method described provides an easy means for acquiring a large methane emissions data base from domestic livestock. The low cost and simplicity should make it possible to monitor a large number of animals in countries throughout the world. An expanded data base of this type helps to reduce uncertainty in the ruminant contribution to the global methane budget. 18 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Improving Luminol Blood Detection in Forensics

The aim of this study was to develop chemical improvements to the original Weber protocol, in order to increase the intensity and time length of light emission and to eliminate false‐positive reactions. The intensity and duration of light were measured on serial blood dilutions using a plate reader chemiluminometer. Blood stains of various concentrations were impregnated in pure cellulose, dried, and luminol solution was added with/without the potential enhancers. An in silico study was also conducted, aiming to demonstrate the enhancing mechanism of hemoglobin denaturation using 8 M urea. The luminol blood detection test revealed important improvements after urea pretreatment or in the presence of monochloro‐triazinyl‐β‐cyclodextrin. This approach also eliminated the false‐positive reaction from sodium hypochlorite. These improvements could provide a higher sensitivity under particular circumstances such as old or washed blood stains, leading to a better localization for further DNA typing and higher quality photographic analysis.
Effect of microbial polymers on the sorption and transport of phenanthrene in a low-carbon sand.

Extracellular polymers of bacterial origin were analyzed for their effect on the sorption behavior of phenanthrene on a low-carbon aquifer sand. Batch experiments indicated that 85% of the polymers tested acted to decrease the distribution coefficient. Column experiments revealed a decrease in the retardation factor of phenanthrene by approximately 40% in the presence of an extracellular polymer produced by a Gram-negative motile rod isolated from a coal tar waste site. This polymer did not, however, influence the mineralization of phenanthrene and was not rapidly degraded by a mixed culture. The combination of the ability of the polymer to influence phenanthrene transport as well as its apparent persistence and lack of a negative effect on phenanthrene degradation suggest the extracellular polymers can act as agents that enhance PAH transport in natural systems. 50 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Multivariate k-nearest neighbour regression for time series data — A novel algorithm for forecasting UK electricity demand

The k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithm is one of the most widely used benchmark algorithms in classification, supported by its simplicity and intuitiveness in finding similar instances in multivariate and large-dimensional feature spaces of arbitrary attribute scales. In contrast, only few scientific studies of k-NN exist in forecasting time series data, which have mainly assessed various distance metrics to identify similar univariate time series motifs in past data. In electricity load forecasting, k-NN studies are limited to identifying past motifs of the same dependent variable to match future realisations, in a non-causal approach to forecasting. However, causal information in the form of deterministic calendar information is readily available on past and future time series motifs, allowing the distinction between load profiles of working days, weekends and bank-holidays to be encoded as binary dummy variables, and to be efficiently included in the search for similar neighbours. In this paper, we propose a multivariate k-NN regression method for forecasting the electricity demand in the UK market which utilises binary dummy variables as a second feature to categorise the day being forecasted as a working day or a non-working day. We assess the efficacy of this approach in a robust empirical evaluation using UK electricity load data. The approach shows improvements beyond conventional k-NN approaches and accuracy beyond that of simple statistical benchmark methods.
Atlas of Ultrasound Measurements, 2nd ed.

moderate evidence for the sensitivity (88%–94%) and specificity (57%–64%) of CT in detecting herniated disks. However, they found only limited evidence of the value of CT in detecting intrathecal nerve root pathology and could find no data on the accuracy of CT or MR imaging for nerve root impingement. This analysis is the strength of the book and its raison d’etre. If one is interested in understanding the current status of the literature on the application of neuroradiology to a particular clinical topic, then each chapter provides a good summary of the state of the art. The evidence-based analysis also imparts a valuable perspective on the degree to which we should rely on some of the common wisdoms. It counters the natural tendency in most publications (journals, books, and so forth) to tout each new discovery as being vitally important to the better care of patients. Like any review article or book, this analysis has limitations. The assessment will by definition be shortly out of date. The strong focus on the current state of the literature and assessment of its value makes the problem more significant with this work than with a work examining the imaging findings themselves. Moreover, each clinical topic is presented at a relatively cursory level with a short summary of the data. The organization of the chapters by clinical condition paradoxically narrows the focus of the work to more of a technique (MR, CT, and so forth) analysis than the more typical format based on an imaging finding and its differential diagnosis. Moreover, the strength of data analysis (strong, moderate, and so forth) is presented without much, if any, detail as to how each statement was determined. We have to accept the verdict of the authors on the strength of each evidence statement without much supporting information. Even with those limitations, this book is a significant addition to the radiology literature. It is the first work that emphasizes the importance of an evidence-based perspective toward the appropriate use of imaging technology on the management of patients. The next several years will surely see an increasing focus on these issues in the health care community at large, and radiology needs to be able to respond to the implicit and sometimes explicit challenges that will surely develop. How will we answer the critics of increasing use of diagnostic imaging? How does our research document the value of imaging examinations in the outcome of patients with specific disease states? Many of us may be referring to this book and perhaps others like it increasingly in the future as we respond to these and other such questions.
Promotion of nursing workers quality of life (QOL): managerial responsibility of nurses

Introduction - The illness rate of nursing workers, as well as the destructive factors in their work environment have been evidenced in several Brazilian research papers1,2,3,4. The nursing manager has the potential to change this reality and promote a better working quality of life (QOL) 5. Objective - To analyze actions that are directed towards the promotion of nursing workers QOL developed by managerial nurses. Methodology - This study utilized a qualitative approach based on the reference of social determination of the health-illness process. The setting was a university hospital located in the center-west region of Brazil. The study group consisted of 22 nursing workers from different units and different work shifts. Qualitative data was collected by a focus group. This study was approved by Ethics Committee of the University of Sao Paulo Nursing School and all participants gave their free informed consent. Main results - The analyzed data showed that QOL and quality of work (QOW) are strongly linked and that motivation and satisfaction for work come from the interaction and recognition with the object of work (patients), as well as with relationships established among the work team; that the exposition to diverse workloads configures a destructive health profile and its consequence is a decrease in QOL; that there are no institutional programs or actions that promote work QOL. Still, this analysis makes possible the apprehension of psychic strain suffered by nurses in general, through the changes in work context and the impact from this in the nursing workers QOL; that the changes and the strains compromise the performance of these nurses as managers of the team, promoting physical and mental strain in the fulfillment of organizational goals; that have no initiatives directed to the promotion of workers’ QOL as a managerial responsibility and these are relegated to the second level due to emergency situations demanded in day-to-day work. Conclusion - This study shows that there are almost no evident proposals for promoting nursing workers’ QOL or, and those which do exist, are extremely vague. It also demonstrates that this absence of institutional policies regarding this subject also affects managerial nurses, who without an organizational structure cannot perform their role as a caregiver of the nursing team consequently increasing the rate of nursing illness to them and the nursing team.
TECHNICAL NOTE CRIMINALISTICS

Soil vestiges might provide information about a crime scene. The Rietveld method with X-ray diffraction data (RM-XRD) is a nondestructive technique that makes it possible to characterize minerals present in the soils. Soil clays from the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil) were submitted to DCB treatment and analyzed using XRD with CuKa radiation in the step-scan mode (0.02 2h/5 s). The GSAS+EXPGUI software was used for RM refinement. The RM-XRD results, together with the principal component analysis (PCA) (52.6% total variance), showed the kaolinite predominance in most analyzed samples and the highest quartz contents in “site 1. ” Higher anatase, and gibbsite and muscovite contents influenced discrimination, mainly in “site 3” and “site 1,” respectively. These results were enough to discriminate clays of four sites and two horizons using a reduced amount of sample showing that the technique can be applied to the investigation into soil vestiges.