Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Water Concentration in Ethyl Alcohol on the Environmentally Assisted Embrittlement of Austempered Ductile Irons

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is an advanced cast iron material that has a broad field of application and, among others, it is used in contact and for conveyance of fluids. However, it is noticed that in contact with some fluids, especially water, ADI material becomes brittle. The most significant decrease is established for the elongation. However, the influence of water and the cause of this phenomenon is still not fully understood. For that reason, in this paper, the influence of different water concentrations in ethyl alcohol on the mechanical properties of ADI materials was studied. The test was performed on two different types of ADI materials in 0.2, 4, 10, and 100 vol.% water concentration environments, and in dry condition. It was found that even the smallest concentration of water (0.2 vol.%) causes formation of the embrittled zone at fracture surface. However, not all mechanical properties were affected equally and not all water concentrations have been critical. The highest deterioration was established in the elongation, followed by the ultimate tensile strength, while the proof strength was affected least.
3–12-V Wide Input Range Adaptive Delay Compensated Active Rectifier for 6.78-MHz Loosely Coupled Wireless Power Transfer System

This paper presents a wide input range active rectifier using a bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process with a high voltage conversion ratio (VCR) and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The proposed rectifier ensures safe and robust operation under large input voltage variations, which can be caused by changes in the magnetic coupling or loading conditions. It supports an input voltage range 3–12 V with the adaptive delay-compensated active operation of the power switches. An active signal clamper and voltage-time hybrid gate control circuit with two compensation loops was proposed for the optimal gate transition of low-side NMOS switches. For high-side PMOS switches, a fully integrated low-power-consuming high-side driver is proposed to replace the conventional high-side gate driving structure. The proposed active rectifier was fabricated through a TSMC $0.18\mu \text{m}$ BCD process. The measurement results show that the proposed rectifier achieves stable and well-delay-compensated active operation, resulting in a high VCR and PCE with a wide output power range from 4.5 to 288 mW. Peak VCR and PCE of 96.8% and 93.7%, respectively, were achieved.
Curing of Functionalized Superhydrophobic Inorganic/Epoxy Nanocomposite and Application as Coatings for Steel

Superhydrophobic epoxy nanocomposites coatings with superior mechanical and adhesion strength are targeted to increase epoxy coating performance and to protect steel corrosion in aggressive environment. The present work prepared hydrophobic organic modified inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) based on magnetite, titanium dioxide and silver capped with epoxide oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. Their chemical structures, thermal stability, crystalline lattice structure, morphology and particles sizes distribution were determined using different tools. The curing exothermic reactions and thermal mechanical properties of the cured commercial epoxy with polyamine hardener were evaluated in the presence of the modified NPs to investigate their effect on the curing mechanism and crosslinking densities of the cured epoxy networks. The adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, seawater contact angles and seawater salt spray resistances of the cured epoxy coatings were evaluated on the steel surfaces. The obtained results confirm that the increasing weight contents of the modified NPs embedded into epoxy networks via chemical linking affect the adhesion, superhydrophobicity and anticorrosion performances of the cured epoxy coatings on the steel surfaces.
Effect of wick application of growick irrigation system on the cultivation of pakcoy in sand tailing media from post-tin mining land

A large part of post-tin mining land covered by sand tailing which has low water storage capacity, making it vulnerable to drought stress. The innovation of irrigation technology has been developed to overcome this problem such as capillary irrigation system combined with groasis system using a large reservoir with hydroponic wick system called the growick system. This study aimed to determine the best number and type of wick in growick irrigation system to water consumption and also growth and yield of pakcoy cultivated in sand tailing media. The research was conducted from February to June 2020 at Experimental field of Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. Treatments consisted of the types of wick (flannel and stove wick) and numbers of wick per polybag (1, 2, 3, and 4 wicks). The study used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% significant level. The result showed that usage of flannel wick gave the highest results of growth and yield of pakcoy but it absorbed more water than stove wick. Flannel wick also had lower water usage efficiency than stove wick. The use of single wick gave the highest result of growth and yield of pakcoy than using more wicks. Results of the study showed that single wick treatment gave the highest growth and yield of pakcoy. Flannel wick gave the highest growth and yield of pakcoy, but it was not significantly different from stove wick. Single flannel wick treatment showed no significant difference with single stove wick treatment in growth and yield of pakcoy except for water usage volume parameter. Flannel wick absorbed more water than stove wick, so it has lower water usage efficiency than stove wick. Application growick system using 1 stove wick was the best treatment for cultivating pakcoy in sand tailing media from post-tin mining land.
Impact of Altered Trehalose Metabolism on Physiological Response of Penicillium chrysogenum Chemostat Cultures during Industrially Relevant Rapid Feast/Famine Conditions

Due to insufficient mass transfer and mixing issues, cells in the industrial-scale bioreactor are often forced to experience glucose feast/famine cycles, mostly resulting in reduced commercial metrics (titer, yield and productivity). Trehalose cycling has been confirmed as a double-edged sword in the Penicillium chrysogenum strain, which facilitates the maintenance of a metabolically balanced state, but it consumes extra amounts of the ATP responsible for the repeated breakdown and formation of trehalose molecules in response to extracellular glucose perturbations. This loss of ATP would be in competition with the high ATP-demanding penicillin biosynthesis. In this work, the role of trehalose metabolism was further explored under industrially relevant conditions by cultivating a high-yielding Penicillium chrysogenum strain, and the derived trehalose-null strains in the glucose-limited chemostat system where the glucose feast/famine condition was imposed. This dynamic feast/famine regime with a block-wise feed/no feed regime (36 s on, 324 s off) allows one to generate repetitive cycles of moderate changes in glucose availability. The results obtained using quantitative metabolomics and stoichiometric analysis revealed that the intact trehalose metabolism is vitally important for maintaining penicillin production capacity in the Penicillium chrysogenum strain under both steady state and dynamic conditions. Additionally, cells lacking such a key metabolic regulator would become more sensitive to industrially relevant conditions, and are more able to sustain metabolic rearrangements, which manifests in the shrinkage of the central metabolite pool size and the formation of ATP-consuming futile cycles.
The Analysis of Short Video Platform Business Model

The advent of the Internet era and the modernization of mobile devices have made more than 800 million Internet users in China choose to use mobile phones to access the Internet. Fast-paced life and narrow mobile phone screens make short videos, a contextual way of reading, meet people's need to obtain information. As emerging Internet enterprises, the short video platforms have formed their unique business models. The business model canvas enables the detailed description of abstract business model content in nine dimensions, reflecting a clear business model structure. The current short video platform Kwai has acquired a large number of short video users. With the analysis of the business model of the platform, it is possible to understand the business model structure intuitively. And this paper provides a reference for the future construction of the short video platform business model.
Non-Line-of-Sight Localization of Passive UHF RFID Tags in Smart Storage Systems

The UHF radio-frequency identification (RFID) has gained growing attention for tagged object localization in smart storage systems. Due to Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) condition, it is challenging to accurately locate the position of tags inside closed spaces. In this paper, we propose a precise and cost-effective solution for tagged object localization in closed spaces, using only received signal strength (RSS) information. We establish a RSS profile for each tag and discover some important features of RSS profiles including uniqueness, time-variation, column-dependence and waveform-similarity. Based on these features, we propose a reference-free RSS-profile (RFRP) localization scheme. The advantage of our propose scheme is to accurately localize multiple tags in closed spaces by overcoming the challenges including the lack of pre-deployed reference tags, NLOS propagation, multi-path propagation and coupling effect. The RFRP scheme first roughly estimates tags’ coordinates based on Peak Asymmetry Factor, then acquires reference-tag substitutes through the similarity of RSS sequences. Subsequently, our scheme refines the relative positions of all tags by these substitutes. Finally all tags’ absolute positions are estimated through a RSS-ranging model. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that our approach can achieve high ordering accuracy and localization accuracy for the tags inside closed spaces.
Financing the Water and Sanitation Sectors: A Hybrid Literature Review

To ensure the sustainable development of the water and wastewater (WSS) sectors, new and more investments are needed. However, private financing in these sectors has not been successfully leveraged. This study conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed papers in this field, to provide an overview of how researchers have been studying the financing endeavors of the WSS sectors. A three-part framework was carried out: retrieval of papers from search engines (Scopus and ASCE Library), focused on the title, abstract, and keywords; process of elimination of papers; and analysis of the selected papers based on the hybrid method combining a systematic quantitative review, a semantic network analysis, and a narrative analysis. This research resulted in the identification of four most studied areas: sustainable development; water management and public finance; project financing; and public policy. Future research should focus on existing financing instruments and how these can specifically be applied in the WSS sectors successfully. This paper makes several contributions to the literature because it addresses and emphasizes the most important financing issues in WSS, reviews the insights found, and discusses the future research needs. In addition, it demonstrates the benefits of using a hybrid methodology that could be adopted in other literature review studies.
H2SO4 and Organosulfur Compounds in Laboratory Analogue Aerosols of Warm High-metallicity Exoplanet Atmospheres

Recent transit spectra suggest organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere of sub-Neptunes. Sulfur gases are expected to be present in warm exoplanet atmospheres with high metallicity. Many aspects of the sulfur fixation process by photochemistry in planetary atmospheres are not fully understood. In this work, tholins produced in a CO2-rich atmosphere simulation experiment with H2S were analyzed with very high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) that allows for searching specific molecules in addition to providing some insight on the mixture complexity. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation of sulfur-bearing organic aerosol formation from irradiation of H2S at temperatures relevant to warm exoplanets. The analysis of the mass spectra shows that the soluble organic fraction of the solid particles contains over 2500 organosulfur (CHS/CHOS/CHNS/CHNOS) molecular formulas (73% of all assigned signals) within a broad mass range (from 50 to 400 u, atomic mass unit). In particular, 14 sulfuric acid derivatives were detected and 13 unique molecular formulae that could correspond to amino acid derivatives were identified. This high molecular diversity indicates a rich and active sulfur chemistry triggered by irradiation of H2S. The average elemental composition (wt%) of the soluble fraction of the particles is 40%C, 30%O, 21%S, 6%H, and 3%N, making the sulfur abundance a factor of ∼14 larger than in the initial gas composition. Our analysis of experimental simulations shows that organosulfur species are likely an important component of the haze in exoplanet atmospheres.
CFD-based calculation method of convective heat transfer coefficient of spiral bevel gear in intermediate gearbox under splash lubrication

Purpose This paper aims to propose a numerical method to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient of spiral bevel gears under the condition of splash lubrication and to reveal the lubrication and temperature characteristics between the gears and the oil-air two-phase flow. Design/methodology/approach Based on computational fluid dynamics, the multiple reference frames (MRF) method was used to simulate the rotational characteristics of gears and the motions of their surrounding fluid. The lubrication and temperature characteristics of gears were studied by combining the MRF method with the volume of the fluid multiphase flow model. Findings The convective heat transfer coefficient can be improved by increasing the rotational speed and the oil immersion depth. Moreover, the temperature of the tooth surface having a large convective heat transfer coefficient is also found to be low. A large convection heat transfer coefficient could lead to a good cooling effect. Originality/value This method can be used to obtain the convective heat transfer coefficient values at different meshing positions, different radii and different tooth surface positions. It also can provide research methods for improving the cooling effect of gears under the condition of splash lubrication. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2020-0233/
Temperature Effect on Oil Sorption and Wettability of Kapok Fiber

ABSTRACT Kapok fiber as a natural sorbent with excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristic was studied. The effect of temperature on oil sorption behavior and wettability of kapok fiber powder was quantitatively evaluated by capillary rise method. Results showed that at the packing density of 0.1 g/cm3, the oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber powder presented only about 5% difference when the temperature ranged from 20°C to 90°C, with the values to engine oil, mineral oil, and PAO4 ranging from 10.96 to10.42 g/g, 10.73 to 10.18 g/g, and 10.25 to 9.89 g/g, respectively. However, the sorption coefficient which related to the sorption rate increased almost exponentially with the increasing of temperature. Then, the oil wettability of kapok fiber powder was further investigated from the perspective of contact angle. Nearly logarithmic increment in contact angle between the fiber powder and test oil was observed when higher temperature condition was applied, indicating that the enhancement of temperature apparently weaken the wettability of oil to solid powder. The adhesion work between fiber powder and oil was evaluated based on Young–Dupré equation, which suggested that higher temperature lead to lower adhesion work. Outcomes from this research are believed to provide importance reference for the usage of kapok fiber as sorbent when different temperatures are applied.
Impact of Employee Job Attitudes on Ecological Green Behavior in Hospitality Sector

Notwithstanding the significant contribution made by employees towards addressing environmental issues, few research studies have explored this important contemporary theme in the hospitality sector. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this research examines the direct and interactive effects of employee environmental job attitudes and behaviors on ecological practices. Using PROCESS Macros on an actual convenient sample of 508 employees working in the hospitality industry, the results show a mixture of anticipated and surprising outcomes. The anticipated outcome is associated with the direct effects of environmental attitude on ecological behavior, while surprising outcomes are in the interaction of job attitudes and behavior (customer-oriented discretionary behavior, organizational commitment). These outcomes provoke employees’ green behavior and contentment with the organization. The originality of this research is to investigate the significant contribution of employees in greening the hospitality sector in an emerging economy.
Some Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Fish Oil Extracted from Fish Wastes by Physical and Chemical Methods

This study was carried out to assess some physical, chemical and sensory properties of fish waste oil extracted by two different methods: physical (boiling) and chemical (acid fermentation). Samples of common carp viscera were collected from local markets in the city of Basrah, which included viscera of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The most prominent and significant difference was the extraction yield which amounted to 57.14% vs 35.71% (vol./wt.) for the physical and chemical methods, respectively. Other physical properties: refraction index, specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity, cloud point and pour point, Were superior in physical method of the physical method. Measured chemical indices (free fatty acids FFA, fatty acid profile, peroxide value, iodine number and Thiobarbituric acid value TBA) indicated some variability between oil types, the most obvious was FFA which increased significantly from 0.107 to 0.205% for physical and chemical methods, respectively. The sensory tests (color and odor) were in favor of oil extracted with the physical method characterized by a light amber color and a mild fishy flavor.
Rational Method for Improving the Performance of Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Coating the Separator with Lithium Fluoride

Sulfur, as a cathode material in lithium−sulfur batteries, has a very high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g−1, but there is still a large challenge, because of polysulfides’ (PSs) that cause a severe shuttle effect. To suppress this effect, a simple way of modifying separator by introducing lithium fluoride (LiF) as a coating layer was developed. Owing to the interaction between LiF and dimethoxymethane (DME, an electrolyte solvent), a dense and viscous sol layer was formed that suppresses PSs passing from the cathode to the anode. The presence of this layer was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric, and scanning electron microscopy. The linear sweep voltammetry test had shown that the LiF-coated separator had a wide electrochemical window above 5 V vs. Li/Li+, and the cell assembled with the LiF-coated separator exhibited an excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention rate of 69.3%. Even without LiNO3 as an electrolyte additive, a high coulombic efficiency of 93% after 200 cycles at 0.2 C was achieved.
Modeling Low Intensity Fires: Lessons Learned from 2012 RxCADRE

Coupled fire-atmosphere models are increasingly being used to study low-intensity fires, such as those that are used in prescribed fire applications. Thus, the need arises to evaluate these models for their ability to accurately represent fire spread in marginal burning conditions. In this study, wind and fuel data collected during the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiments (RxCADRE) fire campaign were used to generate initial and boundary conditions for coupled fire-atmosphere simulations. We present a novel method to obtain fuels representation at the model grid scale using a combination of imagery, machine learning, and field sampling. Several methods to generate wind input conditions for the model from eight different anemometer measurements are explored. We find a strong sensitivity of fire outcomes to wind inputs. This result highlights the critical need to include variable wind fields as inputs in modeling marginal fire conditions. This work highlights the complexities of comparing physics-based model results against observations, which are more acute in marginal burning conditions, where stronger sensitivities to local variability in wind and fuels drive fire outcomes.
Output-Voltage-Tracking Control for Buck Converters Using Variable Convergence Rate Mechanism Without Current Feedback

This article aims to accomplish the output voltage tracking task for buck converters without current feedback, diminishing the performance degradation from model-plant mismatches and load variations. The following contributions overcome these difficulties: a) the combination of Luenberger and disturbance observer (DOB) techniques for a parameter-independent voltage-derivative observer; b) the pole-zero cancellation control incorporating the DOB and active-damping injection techniques; and c) the exponential convergence guarantee to the target tracking system subject to the variable convergence rate mechanism. Convincing experimental evidence confirms the effectiveness of proposed tracking control using a prototype 3 kW buck converter control system.
Efficient timing jitter simulation for passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers

Efficient simulation of the timing jitter in passively mode-locking lasers is key to their numerical investigation and optimization. We introduce a method based on the pulse-period fluctuation auto-correlation function and compare it against established methods with respect to their estimate error. Potential improvements of the computational cost by about two orders of magnitude are reported. This advantage may facilitate larger parameter studies of passively mode-locked lasers on small-scale clusters or even desktop computers and, thereby, guide the target-oriented design of future lasers with ultra-low timing jitter.