Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexicalization of Probabilistic Linear Context-free Rewriting Systems

In the field of constituent parsing, probabilistic grammar formalisms have been studied to model the syntactic structure of natural language. More recently, approaches utilizing neural models gained lots of traction in this field, as they achieved accurate results at high speed. We aim for a symbiosis between probabilistic linear context-free rewriting systems (PLCFRS) as a probabilistic grammar formalism and neural models to get the best of both worlds: the interpretability of grammars, and the speed and accuracy of neural models. To combine these two, we consider the approach of supertagging that requires lexicalized grammar formalisms. Here, we present a procedure which turns any PLCFRS G into an equivalent lexicalized PLCFRS G’. The derivation trees in G’ are then mapped to equivalent derivations in G. Our construction for G’ preserves the probability assignment and does not increase parsing complexity compared to G.
Strategies to Improve Health Communication: Can Health Professionals Be Heroes?

Communicating evidence-based nutrition messages to the public is challenging and is often in conflict with popular opinions, particularly from social media influencers (SMIs). In order to increase engagement with nutrition professionals (NPs) on social media, we aimed to explore young adults’ perceptions of the authenticity and trustworthiness of SMIs and NPs Instagram posts. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to students (n = 149) from an Australian University. Participants viewed a real-life Instagram profile and one post from both a NP and a SMI. Main outcomes were post authenticity and trustworthiness, and emotional message appeals measured on five-point Likert scales. Regression models were developed to assess whose post (the NP or SMI) was perceived to be more authentic and trustworthy. Participants were young adults (median age (25th, 75th percentiles): 20 (19,21)), with approximately half identifying as female. A high heroic message appeal (+1SD above mean) significantly increased the perceived authenticity of the NPs post only (p = 0.01). Post authenticity enhanced post trustworthiness, but only when a heroic message appeal was used by the NP. When appropriate, NPs should convey positive emotions such as bravery and success to enhance the authenticity and trustworthiness of their posts.
Control of oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)) with synthetic female pheromone

Field trials were undertaken in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, to discover whether synthetic sex pheromone, cis -8-dodecenyl acetate, could be used to control the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busck), in peach orchards by the disruption technique. When pheromone was released at rates exceeding 5 mg/ha h from polyethylene capillary tubes males were generally unable to locate synthetic pheromone sources or live virgin females. By maintaining a constant rate of release per unit area it was possible to reduce the number of dispensers from one per 50 m 2 to one per 400 m 2 . There was no significant difference in disruption when pheromone was released from tree crowns at 3·5 m or lower down at 1·5 m. Shoot and fruit damage from trials in commercial orchards suggested that pheromone treatments were as effective as a full seasonal schedule of insecticide applications in reducing damage.
A Review of the Hatchery Programs for Pink Salmon in Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska

Abstract Five hatcheries in Prince William Sound, Alaska, release more than 500 million juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha each year, constituting one of the largest salmon hatchery programs in the world. Before the program was initiated in 1974, pink salmon catches were very low, averaging 3 million fish per year between 1951 and 1979. Since 1980 the catch has averaged more than 20 million fish per year. However, catches in three other areas in Alaska with substantial fisheries for pink salmon (southeast Alaska, Kodiak Island, and the southern Alaska Peninsula) also increased equivalently during the same period, and the hatchery production did not become the dominant factor in Prince William Sound until the mid-1980s, long after the wild population had expanded. A hatchery program in the Kodiak area provides useful contrast to the Prince William Sound program because it is smaller and more isolated from the major wild-stock-producing areas of Kodiak Island. The evidence suggests that the hatcher.
Consequences of simultaneous elevation of carbon dioxide and temperature for plant–herbivore interactions: a metaanalysis

The effects of elevated carbon dioxide on plant–herbivore interactions have been summarized in a number of narrative reviews and metaanalyses, while accompanying elevation of temperature has not received sufficient attention. The goal of our study is to search, by means of metaanalysis, for a general pattern in responses of herbivores, and plant characteristics important for herbivores, to simultaneous experimental increase of carbon dioxide and temperature (ECET) in comparison with both ambient conditions and responses to elevated CO2 (EC) and temperature (ET) applied separately. Our database includes 42 papers describing studies of 31 plant species and seven herbivore species. Nitrogen concentration and C/N ratio in plants decreased under both EC and ECET treatments, whereas ET had no significant effect. Concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates and phenolics increased in EC, decreased in ET and did not change in ECET treatments, whereas terpenes did not respond to EC but increased in both ET and ECET; leaf toughness increased in both EC and ECET. Responses of defensive secondary compounds to treatments differed between woody and green tissues as well as between gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. Insect herbivore performance was adversely affected by EC, favoured by ET, and not modified by ECET. Our analysis allowed to distinguish three types of relationships between CO2 and temperature elevation: (1) responses to EC do not depend on temperature (nitrogen, C/N, leaf toughness, phenolics in angiosperm leaves), (2) responses to EC are mitigated by ET (sugars and starch, terpenes in needles of gymnosperms, insect performance) and (3) effects emerge only under ECET (nitrogen in gymnosperms, and phenolics and terpenes in woody tissues). This result indicates that conclusions of CO2 elevation studies cannot be directly extrapolated to a more realistic climate change scenario. The predicted negative effects of CO2 elevation on herbivores are likely to be mitigated by temperature increase.
Effect of Phytase Application to Rape Cake Diet on Nutrient Deposition and Bone Quality in Broiler Chickens

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high rape cake content and microbial phytase added to low-phosphorus diet on deposition of nutrients and energy in body of broiler chickens and quality of their bones. At the beginning, seven 1-day-old Ross 308 chickens were weighed, slaughtered, dried, and their bodies were analysed for gross energy and nutrient content. Next, 90 one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into three groups. The group I was fed control diet (RC), which contained 15% (starter) and 20% (grower) of rape cake of Lirajet cultivar with P (7.5 g kg-1) and Ca (10 g.kg-1). The group I I was fed diet denoted as RC LP, which contained less P and Ca (5.8 g.kg-1 and 6.8 g.kg-1, respectively) than the control diet. The diet for group III, denoted RC LP+ Phy, contained 5.8 g.kg-1 of P and 6.8 g.kg-1of Ca, and was supplemented with enzyme preparation containing 0.35g.kg-1 of phytase. On the 21st d of life, the chickens were weighed and six birds from each group were slaughtered, dried, and analysed. The rest of the chickens were fed grower mixtures to 49 d of age and then six chickens were slaughtered and the quality of their bones was evaluated. The reduction of P and Ca contents in diets and phytase application did not influence body weight and feed consumption, but significantly improved the deposition of total phosphorus in chicken body at 1-21 d of age. The highest content of total phosphorus was stated in the femur of the chickens fed diet with normal P and Ca contents. The application of phytase to low-phosphorus diet did not influence the quality of bones.
Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies of Yield and its Attributing Characters in Maize ( Zea mays L.)

Genetic variability and correlations were studied in seven inbred lines of maize and their 21 direct cross combinations obtained from a diallel cross. Based on the data recorded on eight yield related traits, the values of genotypic correlation were slightly higher than the corresponding phenotypic values. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between grain yield on one hand and plant height, ear height and ear length on the other were positive and significant. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for grain yield, ear height, 100-kernel weight, ear length and number of kernel rows/ear. Genotypic variation was found to be good indication of phenotypic variability. Heritability estimates and genetic advance were high for grain yield, ear height, plant height and ear length.
Acoustic perception of landscape elements by the pond bat (Myotis dasycneme)

We tested the hypothesis that echolocating bats use landscape elements as acoustic landmarks. We predicted that bats should be able to perceive distant landscape elements using echolocation and hence change their echolocation behaviour in relation to these elements. Echolocation parameters of commuting pond bats Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825) were related to the bats’ distance from banks of different sized canals. Pulse durations emitted while bats flew over canals of 13, 19, and 25 m wide increased successively. Interpulse intervals were equally long at 13, 19, and 25 m wide canals, but significantly longer at a 30 m wide canal. The mean interpulse interval used by bats flying along the midline of the 30 m wide canal was just sufficiently long to prevent overlap of an echo from the canal bank and a new outgoing pulse. The results indicate that pond bats perceive the canal banks by gradually adapting their pulse emissions to the distance to the banks. This suggests a role for the banks as acoustic landmarks.
In Vitro Assessment of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus Strains from Infant Gut Microflora

Lactobacillus isolates from infant feces were identified and investigated in vitro for their probiotic properties. The isolates belonged to the species L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, L. cellobiosus, L. plantarum, L. brevis and L. crispatus. The strains were examined for acid and bile tolerance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity against selected enteric pathogens. According to the obtained results, a L. deblueckii subsp. delbrueckii strain was found to exhibit probiotic properties. Other strains from L. paracasei subsp. paracasei and L. fermentum group also could be further investigated as potential probiotic candidates.
A New Noninvasive Method for Detecting Mammals From Birds' Nests

Abstract Certain birds use mammal hair for the lining or structural strengthening of their nest. As a result, many bird nests can be regarded as natural hair snares. Preliminary studies indicate that analyses of hairs found in birds' nests are an effective method for detecting and identifying mammals that live in or migrate through an area and could be a useful tool to gain information about rare or hard to detect mammals. I documented 27 mammal taxa that were identified from hair collected from >3,000 nests. This study summarizes the results of 4 projects that represent application of this technique. This noninvasive method appears to be a useful tool for easily accessing basic faunistical data about mammal fauna of the given area.
Haemagglutination of Bacteroides fragilis

The relationship between the ability to cause haemagglutination (HA) and the presence of capsules and/or pili was examined for 50 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. HA was tested using a slide technique, and bovine, porcine, guinea pig, rat, rabbit, horse, human, chicken and pigeon erythrocytes. Chicken and pigeon erythrocytes were the best indicators for HA with 43 (86%) of the strains tested causing HA and 39 (78%) with strong reactions. Capsule staining showed that the same 43 strains causing HA also produced a demonstrable capsule. No pili were found on either encapsulated or non-encapsulated strains using transmission electron microscopy. These results suggest that adherence of B. fragilis is related to the presence of capsular material, not pili.
Heterogeneity in the efficacy of dental chemical disinfectants on water-derived biofilms in vitro

Abstract Conditions in dental unit waterlines are favourable for biofilm growth and contamination of dental unit water. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of several chemical disinfectants on bacteria in a biofilm model. Water-derived biofilms were grown in a static biofilm model (Amsterdam Active Attachment model), using two growth media. Biofilms were challenged with Alpron/Bilpron, Anoxyl, Citrisil, Dentosept, Green & Clean, ICX and Oxygenal in shock dose and maintenance doses. The concentration and the composition of the chemical disinfectants influenced the number of culturable bacteria in the biofilms. The application of a single shock dose followed by a low dose of the same chemical disinfectants resulted in the greatest suppression of viable bacteria in the biofilms. Exposure to Citrisil and ICX consistently resulted in failure to control the biofilms, while Alpron/Bilpron had a substantial and relevant effect on the number of bacteria in the biofilms.
Functional and Clinical Characteristics for Predicting Sarcopenia in Institutionalised Older Adults: Identifying Tools for Clinical Screening

Background: Recently, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) has updated the sarcopenia definition based on objective evaluation of muscle strength, mass and physical performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between sarcopenia and clinical aspects such as functionality, comorbidity, polypharmacy, hospitalisations and falls in order to support sarcopenia screening in institutionalised older adults, as well as to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in this population using the EWGSOP2 new algorithm. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted on institutionalised older adults (n = 132, 77.7% female, mean age 82 years). Application of the EWGSOP2 algorithm consisted of the SARC-F questionnaire, handgrip strength (HG), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Clinical study variables were: Barthel Index (BI), Abbreviated Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (ACCI), number of medications, hospital stays and falls. Results: Age, BI and ACCI were shown to be predictors of the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia definition (Nagelkerke’s R-square = 0.34), highlighting the ACCI. Sarcopenia was more prevalent in older adults aged over 85 (p = 0.005), but no differences were found according to gender (p = 0.512). Conclusion: BI and the ACCI can be considered predictors that guide healthcare professionals in early sarcopenia identification and therapeutic approach.
Regulation of α‐synuclein by bFGF in cultured ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons

α‐Synuclein is a neuronal protein that is implicated in the control of synaptic vesicle function and in Parkinson's disease (PD). Consequently, alterations of α‐synuclein levels may play a role in neurotransmission and in PD pathogenesis. However, the factors that regulate α‐synuclein levels are unknown. Growth factors mediate neurotrophic and plasticity effects in CNS neurons, and may play a role in disease states. Here we examine the regulation of α‐synuclein levels in primary CNS neurons, with particular emphasis on dopaminergic neurons. E18 rat cortical neurons and dopaminergic neurons of E14 rat ventral midbrain showed an induction of α‐synuclein protein levels with maturation in culture. Application of basic Fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promoted α‐synuclein expression selectively within dopaminergic, and not GABAergic or cortical neurons. This induction was blocked by actinomycin D, but not by inhibition of bFGF‐induced glial proliferation. α‐Synuclein levels were not altered by glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), or by apoptotic stimuli. We conclude that bFGF promotes α‐synuclein expression in cultured ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons through a direct transcriptional effect. These results suggest that distinct growth factors may thus mediate plasticity responses or influence disease states in ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
Does sensory-processing sensitivity moderate the effect of household chaos on caregiver sensitivity? An experimental design.

Previous research has linked higher levels of household chaos to parenting problems, but it is not clear whether household chaos actually causes parenting problems. In this study, we used an experimental design in which levels of household chaos were manipulated to test the effect of household chaos on caregiver sensitivity. As sensory-processing sensitivity has been linked to the perception of household chaos, we also tested whether household chaos has a stronger effect on participants with higher sensory-processing sensitivity. Ninety-six young adults (nonparents) visited our lab twice and took care of an infant simulator in a lab furnished like a living room. In the neutral condition the room was orderly and calm, and in the chaos condition it was cluttered, noisy and smaller (order counterbalanced). Caregiver sensitivity was observed, and sensory-processing sensitivity was measured through questionnaires and observational data. Multilevel modeling showed caregiver sensitivity decreased over time in both conditions and that condition had a small effect on caregiver sensitivity, with sensitivity being lower in the chaos condition. We found that participants with higher sensory sensitivity decreased faster in the chaos condition than in the neutral condition. According to our findings, household chaos leads to less positive caregiving behavior and parents with higher sensory sensitivity may be more affected by household chaos. Thus, reducing household chaos may be effective in promoting positive parenting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Relation Extraction Based on Fusion Dependency Parsing from Chinese EMRs

The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) contains a great deal of medical knowledge related to patients, which has been widely used in the construction of medical knowledge graphs. Previous studies mainly focus on the features based on surface semantics of EMRs for relation extraction, such as contextual feature, but the features of sentence structure in Chinese EMRs have been neglected. In this paper, a fusion dependency parsing-based relation extraction method is proposed. Specifically, this paper extends basic features with medical record feature and indicator feature that are applicable to Chinese EMRs. Furthermore, dependency syntactic features are introduced to analyse the dependency structure of sentences. Finally, the F1 value of relation extraction based on extended features is 4.87% higher than that of relation extraction based on basic features. And compared with the former, the F1 value of relation extraction based on fusion dependency parsing is increased by 4.39%. The results of experiments performed on a Chinese EMR data set show that the extended features and dependency parsing all contribute to the relation extraction.
Characterization of thalamic lesions and their correlates in multiple sclerosis by ultra-high-field MRI

Background: Thalamic pathology is a marker for neurodegeneration and multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Objective: To characterize (1) the morphology of thalamic lesions, (2) their relation to cortical and white matter (WM) lesions, and (3) clinical measures, and to assess (4) the imaging correlates of thalamic atrophy. Methods: A total of 90 MS patients and 44 healthy controls underwent acquisition of 7 Tesla images for lesion segmentation and 3 Tesla scans for atrophy evaluation. Thalamic lesions were classified according to the shape and the presence of a central venule. Regression analysis identified the predictors of (1) thalamic atrophy, (2) neurological disability, and (3) information processing speed. Results: Thalamic lesions were mostly ovoid than periventricular, and for the great majority (78%) displayed a central venule. Lesion volume in the thalamus, cortex, and WM did not correlate with each other. Thalamic atrophy was only associated with WM lesion volume (p = 0.002); subpial and WM lesion volumes were associated with neurological disability (p = 0.016; p < 0.001); and WM and thalamic lesion volumes were related with cognitive impairment (p < 0.001; p = 0.03). Conclusion: Thalamic lesions are unrelated to those in the cortex and WM, suggesting that they may not share common pathogenic mechanisms and do not contribute to thalamic atrophy. Combined WM, subpial, and thalamic lesion volumes at 7 Tesla contribute to the disease severity.
Neighborhood Resources Associated With Active Travel in Older Adults-A Cohort Study in Six European Countries.

OBJECTIVES To study associations between perceived neighborhood resources and time spent by older adults in active travel. METHODS Respondents in six European countries, aged 65-85 years, reported on the perceived presence of neighborhood resources (parks, places to sit, public transportation, and facilities) with response options "a lot," "some," and "not at all. " Daily active travel time (total minutes of transport-related walking and cycling) was self-reported at the baseline (n = 2,695) and 12-18 months later (n = 2,189). RESULTS Reporting a lot of any of the separate resources (range B's = 0.19-0.29) and some or a lot for all four resources (B = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [0.09, 0.35]) was associated with longer active travel time than reporting none or fewer resources. Associations remained over the follow-up, but the changes in travel time were similar, regardless of the neighborhood resources. DISCUSSION Perceiving multiple neighborhood resources may support older adults' active travel. Potential interventions, for example, the provision of new resources or increasing awareness of existing resources, require further study.
Assisting Undergraduate Students in Writing Spanish Methodology Sections

In undergraduate theses, a good methodology section should describe the series of steps that were followed in performing the research. To assist students in this task, we develop machine-learning models and an app that uses them to provide feedback while students write. We construct an annotated corpus that identifies sentences representing methodological steps and labels when a methodology contains a logical sequence of such steps. We train machine-learning models based on language modeling and lexical features that can identify sentences representing methodological steps with 0.939 f-measure, and identify methodology sections containing a logical sequence of steps with an accuracy of 87%. We incorporate these models into a Microsoft Office Add-in, and show that students who improved their methodologies according to the model feedback received better grades on their methodologies.