Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers Attitude Towards Teaching Mathematics at Upper Primary Levels in Fiji’s Primary Schools: A Case Study of the Western Primary Schools

Teachers’ perceptions of teaching mathematics at upper are important as they do have a strong influence on the pedagogies utilized in daily classrooms. The purpose of this study was to gauge the perceptions of teaching mathematics in Upper primary schools in Fiji. Primary school teachers in Fiji are general teachers where they are expected to teach all the subject areas under the curriculum including mathematics. Literatures have indicated that teachers’ pedagogy is being influenced by experience, self-confidence and motivation for teaching the subject. A survey using five point Likert type scale and open-ended questions was administered to upper primary school teachers in the Western division of the Fiji islands. Purposive sampling was utilised to select the school and a total of fifty four teachers participated in the survey. Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) whilst qualitative data gathered during the ‘talanoa’ sessions was analysed using thematic approach. All data collected was synthesised according to the mixed methods conventions and findings are discussed according to the research questions and pertinent emerging themes. Results indicate that in general upper primary school teachers are predominantly males and are relatively equipped with the necessary pedagogies to impart the upper primary curriculum in Fiji. However there could always be room for improvement in certain areas in order to improve educational delivery especially in teaching mathematics in upper primary.
Expression Detection in Video

Expression detection is useful as a non-invasive method of lie detection and behavior prediction, as many facial expressions are involuntary. However, these facial expressions may be difficult to detect to the untrained eye. This program implements facial expression in video using optical strain as described by Godavarthy [1] , and returns frames in which an expression is present, along with a processed image of the face showing the location(s) of strain, so that the expression can be more readily identified.
Multi-Method Case Studies

For much of this book, the focus has been on designs in which quantitative methods of one sort or another are used to make the main causal inference of interest, with qualitative components added to test assumptions and make new discoveries. These designs should not be seen as privileging one method over the other. Assumptions about confounding, measurement, the existence of causal pathways, random or as-if random assignment, SUTVA, experimental realism, and so forth are the heart of quantitative causal inference. When the qualitative component of a multi-method design is the element responsible for connecting evidence to these assumptions, that component is contributing directly to clarifying the core issues of causal inference. However, while it is spurious to read these designs as privileging quantitative over qualitative methods, there is nothing special or logically privileged about the framework in which quantitative methods make the final causal inference and qualitative methods speak to assumptions. This chapter turns the tables to consider integrative multi-method research designs in which qualitative research structures the overall study and produces the final causal inference, and in which quantitative research design components are used to test and refine critical assumptions. The relative length of the discussion of these two frameworks in this book reflects the relatively greater degree to which the assumptions necessary for causal inference using quantitative and experimental methods have been analyzed and formalized, not the relative value of the two paradigms. In exploring ways that quantitative methods can contribute to primarily qualitative causal inferences, this chapter considers several options. First, it discusses the option of using a quantitative analysis to test the generalizability of findings from one or more case studies – a framework widely regarded as the major way in which to construct multi-method research, but one for which deep difficulties emerge. More viable options are then analyzed. The chapter discusses how quantitative analysis can sometimes add information by estimating the size of causal effects that are pivotal to case-study arguments. Alternatively, scholars can sometimes benefit from using quantitative (ideally experimental) methods as a step in a process-tracing design. Another useful integrative design involves taking an initial set of similarities and differences among quantitative causal effect findings for different research contexts as the outcome to be explained in a comparative-case-study analysis.
A Theory of Software Development Methodologies

In this study, it is proposed that software development methodologies (SDMs), when looked at from the perspective of job design, offers interesting and useful insights. The increasing popularity of agile methods over plan-driven methods in the 2000’s mirror the increasing popularity of non-Taylorist job designs over Taylorist job designs in the 1980’s, when jobs were redesigned by adopting self-managed teams and work groups, and creating employee programs like quality circles with salutary results. This study finds the widely accepted (JCM) Job Characteristic Model (Hackman and Qldham, 1976) for job design relevant in providing a theoretical foundation for the atheoretical domain of SDMs. JCM provides a structural framework for practice to understand what they are doing right and what needs to change by diagnosing the characteristics of the software development processes in need of improvement and making recommendations for tailoring SDMs for superior work outcomes.
Mutant Sod1-expressing Astrocytes Release Toxic Factors That Trigger Motor Neuron Death

42 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating paralytic disorder caused by dysfunction 43 and degeneration of motor neurons starting in adulthood. Recent studies using cell or animal 44 models document that astrocytes expressing disease-causing mutations of human 45 superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS by releasing a 46 neurotoxic factor(s). Neither the mechanism by how this neurotoxic factor induces motor 47 neuron death nor its cellular site of action has been elucidated. Here we show that acute 48 exposure of primary wild-type spinal cord cultures to conditioned medium derived from 49 astrocytes expressing mutant SOD1 (ACM-hSOD1) increases persistent sodium currents 50 (PCNa), repetitive firing and intracellular calcium transients, leading to specific motor neuron 51 death days later. In contrast to TTX, which paradoxically increased twofold the amplitude of 52 calcium transients and killed motor neurons, reduction of hyper-excitability by other specific 53 (mexiletine) and non-specific (spermidine and riluzole) blockers of Nav channels restored 54 basal calcium transients and prevented motor neuron death induced by ACM-hSOD1. 55 These findings suggest that riluzole, the only FDA-approved drug with known benefits for 56 ALS patients, acts by inhibiting hyper-excitability. Together, our data document that a critical 57 element mediating the non-cell autonomous toxicity of ACM-hSOD1 on motor neurons is 58 increased excitability, an observation with direct implications for therapy of ALS. 59 60 61
A novel hybrid SWARA and VIKOR methodology for supplier selection in an agile environment

AbstractThe concept of the agile supply chain has been taken into account as means of achieving a high competitive edge in rapidly changing business environments. Supply partner selection is one of the most appealing issues for agile supply chain management, which have recently been studied by academicians and practitioners. Due to a large number of factors to be considered, supplier selection process is a difficult task for every company. Therefore, supplier selection process can be viewed as a multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. In this paper, a novel hybrid MADM method is proposed for agile supplier selection based on four criteria including performance, cost, flexibility and technology. Two MADM methods, including step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are applied in decision-making process. More precisely, SWARA is used for determining the importance of each criterion and calculating their weights and VIKOR i.
Connectzng vision with ,action

Tim Waters is President and CEO of Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL), located in Denver, Colorado. He is the author and co-author of several publications, including School Leadership that Works: From Research to Results. He has served as McREL's CEO since 1995, following 23 years in public education, the last seven of which were as the superintendent of the Greeley, Colorado, school system. Greg Cameron is a Senior Director for McREL Field Services. As a member of McREL's leadership development team, Mr. Cameron designs and facilitates professional development sessions for educational leaders across the United States and Australia. He is the co-author of McREL's Balanced Leadership Professional Development Sessions and Teaching Reading in Social Studies. Mr. Cameron has been an elementary school principal, an assistant principal, and a middle and high school classroom teacher. How well are you fulfilling the Balanced Leadership responsibilities and practices in your school? With McREL's online feedback tool, the Balanced Leadership Profile, you can benchmark your performance against the 21 responsibilities and 66 practices of highly effective leaders described in this publication. Take the free self-assessment or invite your school staff to give you feedback on your performance. You'll get an objective picture of your strengths and opportunities for growth as an instructional leader as well as how stakeholders perceive changes in your school.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FREE SURFACE MUDFLOW USING INCOMPRESSIBLE SPH

Z. GHADAMPOUR, N. TALEBBEYDOKHTI, M. R. HASHEMI, A. H. NIKSERESHT AND S. P. NEILL Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, I. R. of Iran Email: Zahra_ghadampour@yahoo.com Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Research and Sustainable Development Center, Shiraz University, I. R. of Iran Dept. of Water Engineering, Shiraz University, I. R. of Iran; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, I. R. of Iran School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
Global well-posedness and scattering for defocusing energy-critical NLS in the exterior of balls with radial data

We consider the defocusing energy-critical NLS in the exterior of the unit ball in three dimensions. For the initial value problem with Dirichlet boundary condition we prove global well-posedness and scattering with large radial initial data in the Sobolev space Ḣ1 0 . We also point out that the same strategy can be used to treat the energy-supercritical NLS in the exterior of balls with Dirichlet boundary condition and radial Ḣ1 0 initial data.
Preventie van terugval bij recidiverende depressie met cognitieve therapie

Behoudens de in of krachtens de Auteurswet van 1912 gestelde uitzonderingen mag niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch door fotokopieën, opnamen of enig andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Voor zover het maken van kopieën uit deze uitgave is toegestaan op grond van artikelen 16h t/m 16m Auteurswet 1912 jo. Besluit van 27 november 2002, Stb 575, dient men de daarvoor wettelijk verschuldigde vergoeding te voldoen aan de Stichting Reprorecht te Hoofddorp (postbus 3060, 2130 KB, www.reprorecht.nl) of contact op te nemen met de uitgever voor het treffen van een rechtstreekse regeling in de zin van art. 16l, vijfde lid, Auteurswet 1912. Voor het overnemen van gedeelte(n) uit deze uitgave in bloemlezingen, readers en andere compilatiewerken (artikel 16, Auteurswet 1912) kan men zich wenden tot de Stichting PRO (Stichting Publicatieen Reproductierechten, postbus 3060, 2130 KB Hoofddorp, www.cedar.nl/pro).
Janne Bondi Johannessen: Automatisk morfologisk analyse og syntese. Tonivåmodellen benyttet på norsk substantivbøying . Written in Norwegian with an English abstract (pp. 11–17). Oslo-studier i språkvitenskap 8. Novus Forlag, Oslo 1990. 139 pp. ISBN 82-7099-150-3.

The main theme of the book is given by the subtitle: Norwegian noun declension in the two-level model of Koskenniemi (1983). Chapter 1 contains a general introduction and discusses which kind of Norwegian will be most relevant as experimental data for computational morphological analysis with a view to possible applications. In Chapter 2, the author presents four models of morphology from general linguistics: Item and Arrangement, Item and Process, Word and Paradigm, and Natural Morphology. The presentation contrasts the models by relating them to the following two dichotomies: the entity of description can be word form or morpheme, the construction principle can be concatenation of stable elements or concatenation of elements that may be transformed by morphological processes. Johannessen argues that the four models are best viewed in a chronological perspective. Each model tries to solve the problems of the previous model and assumes those features which have been generally accepted. Chapter 3 gives an overview of the Norwegian noun declension with special attention to problem areas. The noun declension is that of Norwegian bokmdl, the Norwegian written language standard that is treated in Bokmdlsordboken (the dictionary of bokmdl). The bokmdl standard is very permissive. Many nouns belong to more than one paradigm, depending on which of the optional genders is chosen by the language user. This permissiveness makes it difficult to group the words into classes that are treated by the same inflectional rules. The following problem areas of the Norwegian nouns are discussed: the number of genders, the rules of plural formation for masculine nouns ending in -er, the final -e of the noun classes that are traditionally called weak nouns, and the -s-genitive. For each of the areas, the author summarizes the traditional treatment of the phenomenon and argues for a reformulation of the rules and their basis. This is done most convincingly for the plural formation rules of masculine nouns in -er, and for the genitive -s. In the case of -er nouns, she shows that the traditional rule, which requires deletion of the e in -er when the plural suffix is added, cannot be motivated by synchronic criteria. The genitive -s is discussed as a flexive and as a clitic, and the arguments for considering it a clitic undoubtedly win. As regards the rules suggested for the final -e of the weak nouns, the reviewer feels less convinced. The final -e of, for example, veske "handbag", is seen as a phonological syllable marker only realized when no extra syllables are added. The author refers to words like legeme "body" and vane "habit" without an e in legemlig "bodily" and vanlig "habitual" as an
Fc-yR(CD16) INTERACTION WITH LIGAND INDUCES Cat+ MOBILIZATION AND PHOSPHOINOSITIDE TURNOVER IN HUMAN NATURAL KILLER CELLS Role of Cat + in Fc-yR(CD16)-induced Transcription and Expression of Lymphokine Genes

We reported evidence that Fc7R(CD16) on humanNK cells are signal-transducing molecules that, upon ligand binding, induce transcription of genes encoding cytokines (IFN-y and TNF) relevant to NK cell biology and function (1) . IL-2 also induces transcription (1) and accumulation (1, 2) of the mRNA ofthe two genes in NK cells, although at levels lower than those induced by FcyR(CD16) ligands. Our previous data indicated that the two stimuli act synergistically to induce mRNA accumulation and production of the cytokines, activating NK cells through mechanisms that are, at least in part, distinct . Upon ligand binding, transmission of activating signals to the intracellular compartment occurs via mechanisms that depend on the characteristics of the ligandreceptor molecule involved . Several receptors activate protein kinase C (PKC)t (3), inducing phosphorylation of proteins involved in cellular functions, whereas others are autophosphorylating molecules with ligand-induced kinase activity (4) . Receptorinduced hydrolysis of membrane polyphosphoinositides (PPI) has been shown to underlie activation and proliferation oflymphocytes induced by soluble stimuli (5). PPI hydrolysis results in two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3), which induces a rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) by mobilizing this cation from intracellular stores, and diacylglycerol, which activates PKC (6, 7) .
A context-aware multi-agent framework for distributed reasoning on Android devices

This thesis presents the design and implementation of a software framework for distributed reasoning on Android devices. The JPR Agent Library can be used to create agents directly from a Prolog implementation deployable on Android. Each agent contains a knowledge base(KB) and an inference engine. Knowledge sharing is facilitated through a simple message passing scheme. A sample Android application for use in disaster response scenarios is also presented. Additionally, the framework implements a Multi-context system (MCS), MCSs being a powerful theoretical framework for modeling a collection of knowledge sources. Treating each agent KB as a context, the JPR Context Library provides predicates for computing the global well-founded model of the system. Index words: Context, Context-aware Systems, Multi-agent Framework, Non-monotonic Reasoning, Distributed Reasoning, Rule Based system, Android,Prolog A context-aware multi-agent framework for distributed reasoning on Android devices
Spectral Properties of Oriented Hypergraphs

An oriented hypergraph is a hypergraph where each vertex-edge incidence is given a label of $+1$ or $-1$. The adjacency and Laplacian eigenvalues of an oriented hypergraph are studied. Eigenvalue bounds for both the adjacency and Laplacian matrices of an oriented hypergraph which depend on structural parameters of the oriented hypergraph are found. An oriented hypergraph and its incidence dual are shown to have the same nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues. A family of oriented hypergraphs with uniformally labeled incidences is also studied. This family provides a hypergraphic generalization of the signless Laplacian of a graph and also suggests a natural way to define the adjacency and Laplacian matrices of a hypergraph. Some results presented generalize both graph and signed graph results to a hypergraphic setting.
UBI-FINGER: A SIMPLE GESTURE INPUT DEVICE FOR MOBILE AND UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENT

We propose a novel interface in mobile environment called “Ubi-Finger” that realizes sensuous operations for PDAs and information appliances using gestures of ﬁngers. In this paper, ﬁrst, we propose the concept of Ubi-Finger. This concept enables users to sensuously control various devices in the real world. Since gestures are usual methods of nonverbalcommunications and enables sensuous operations for users, many researches on them carried out especially in the ﬁeld of Virtual Reality. In the meanwhile, the uses of computers have rapidly extended to the daily life, such as mobile computing and ubiquitous computing.Ubi-Finger is a gesture-input device, which is simple, compact, and optimized for the new computing environment. Second, we develop prototype systems based on the concept that can control real-world devices with simple and natural gestures. Third, we develop some applications to control devices in the real world. Using our systems, a user can detect a target device by pointing with her/his index ﬁnger, then control it ﬂexibly by performing natural gestures of ﬁngers. Finally, we evaluate how eﬀective our approach works.
A FAST SOLVER FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH HARMONIC COEFFICIENT APPROXIMATIONS∗

Based on a fast subtractional spectral algorithm for the solution of the Poisson equation, we develop a solver for elliptic equations with coefficient which are squares of harmonic functions. A transformation suggested by P. Concus and G. H. Golub in SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , Vol. 10 (Dec. 1973),1103-1120, results in a constant coefficient equation. If the square root of the coefficient is not harmonic, we approximate it by a harmonic function. Several correction steps are then applied to achieve the required accuracy. The procedure is efficient if the harmonic function provides a good approximation for the coefficient function. As the quality of the approximation depends inversely on the size of the domain, a hierarchical domain decomposition procedure is suggested which improves the accuracy of the approximation.
Bias-Based Predictor to Improve the Recommendation Performance of the Rating Frequency Weight-based Baseline Predictor

Collaborative Filtering is limited because of the cost that is required to perform the recommendation (such as the time complexity and space complexity). The RFWBP (Rating Frequency Weight-based Baseline Predictor) that approximates the precision of the existing methods is one of the efficiency methods to reduce the cost. But, the following issues need to be considered regarding the RFWBP: 1) It does not reduce the error because the RFWBP does not learn for the recommendation, and 2) it recommends all of the items because there is no condition for an appropriate recommendation list when only the RFWBP is used for the achievement of efficiency. In this paper, the BBP (Bias-Based Predictor) is proposed to solve these problems. The BBP reduces the error range, and it determines some of the cases to make an appropriate recommendation list, thereby forging a recommendation list for each case.
A Neural Indicator of Response Competition in Preferential Choice

Contemporary theories of decision-making often seek to specify the emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes that underlie observable decision behaviors. This requires us as researchers to pursue more sophisticated means of empirically verifying hypothesized processes. To that end, we present 3 experiments that used the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to establish a neurological basis for response competition in decisions involving subjective preferences. Affectively valenced pictures and monetary gambles were used as stimuli in binary decision tasks in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. The results of Experiment 1 provide evidence that the LRP is capable of measuring preparatory motor activity underlying the dynamic accumulation of subjective preference in the premotor cortex. Neural signatures indicated there was more response competition when participants chose between more similar stimuli (affective valence) as indicated by the neural signatures. When choosing among gambles in Experiment 2, we again observed increased response competition when participants chose between more similar stimuli (risk). Experiment 3 served to reinforce the findings of Experiment 2 using a similar experimental setup with gamble stimuli counterbalanced based on a different metric for risk.
A phase-field model for solid-state dewetting and its sharp-interface limit

We propose a phase field model for solid state dewetting in form of a CahnHilliard equation with weakly anisotropic surface energy and a degenerate mobility together with a free boundary condition at the film-substrate contact line. We derive the corresponding sharp interface limit via matched asymptotic analysis involving multiple inner layers. The resulting sharp interface model is consistent with the pure surface diffusion model. In addition, we show that the natural boundary conditions, as indicated from the first variation of the total free energy, imply a contact angle condition for the dewetting front, which, in the isotropic case, is consistent with the well-known Young’s equation.