Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new transcutaneous bilirubinometer, BiliCheck, used in the neonatal intensive care unit and the maternity ward

Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a new bilirubinometer, BiliCheck, in 261 jaundiced infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [gestational age (GA) 25–43 wk] (group 1) and in 227 healthy jaundiced term and near‐term infants (GA 35–43 wk) (group 2). Imprecision of a single determination of TcB measured on the forehead [TcB(h)], expressed as 1 standard deviation, was 15–18 μmol l−1. No statistically significant difference between intraoperator and interoperator imprecision was found. There was a good correlation between TcB(h) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) in both groups of infants, although TcB(h) was on average lower than TSB. In the NICU infants, TcB(h), other things being equal, was lower in males than in females, and decreased with increasing postnatal age, for the same TSB level. In the infants in both groups who had a GA ≥35 wk, sick infants had a higher TcB(h) than healthy infants for the same TSB level. The differences were statistically significant, but small and of minor clinical significance. Blood haemoglobin concentration, GA and ethnic origin were not found to influence TcB(h), i.e. BiliCheck corrects sufficiently for these factors. In all 488 infants, TcB was measured at four different body sites. Measurements on the forehead and sternum [TcB(s)] correlated well with TSB, while measurements on the knee and foot correlated less well. In the NICU infants TcB(h) predicted TSB statistically significantly better than TcB(s), while in the healthy term and near‐term infants TcB(h) and TcB(s) predicted TSB equally well. Therefore, the preferable body site for measurement of TcB under routine conditions is the forehead. By retrospective analysis of the data, a screening model is presented whereby TcB(h) can be used to screen infants who require phototherapy. We found that using screening limits for TcB(h), which are 70% of the currently used phototherapy limits for TSB, 80% of blood samples in healthy term and near‐term infants, and 42% of NICU infants with GA ≥32 wk, could be avoided.
Three statistical batch algorithms for tracking manoeuvring targets

The EM algorithm and two MCMC algorithms are applied to manoeuvre detection in target tracking. These statistical methods are off-line and the intended use is to compute upper performance limits of on-line algorithms as well as for off-line analysis. A consequence of the MCMC theory is that an approximation of the a posteriori distribution for the manoeuvre times is obtained.
Homophilic Binding Properties of Galectin‐3: Involvement of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain

Abstract: Galectin‐3, an animal lectin specific for β‐galactosides, is composed of three different domains. The N‐terminal half of the molecule (N domain) consists of a short N‐terminal segment followed by glycine‐, proline‐, and tyrosine‐rich tandem repeats. The C‐terminal domain (C domain) harbors the carbohydrate recognition domain homologous to other members of the galectin family of lectins. Galectin‐3 aggregates in solution, and participation of the N domain of the molecule in this process has already been demonstrated. Using a solid‐phase radioligand binding assay, which allows the direct analysis of galectin‐3 self‐association, here we provide evidence that the carbohydrate recognition domain of the lectin is involved in carbohydrate‐dependent homophilic interactions: (a) Radiolabeled galectin‐3 binds to immobilized galectin‐3, and the addition of unlabeled galectin‐3 in solution increases the rate of binding of radiolabeled lectin; (b) binding of radiolabeled galectin‐3 to immobilized galectin‐3 is inhibited by the C domain; (c) binding of radiolabeled galectin‐3 to immobilized galectin‐3 or the C domain is inhibited by lactose but not by sucrose; and (d) the radiolabeled C domain does not bind to immobilized C domain. Taken together, these data suggest that in addition to the N domain, the homophilic interactions of galectin‐3 are mediated by the C domain.
Turn-Based Qualitative Solution of Concurrent Parity Games ∗

We consider two-player concurrent games played on graphs, where at each state both players choose moves simultaneously and independently. We consider ω-regular winning conditions specified as parity objectives and study the qualitative winning mode, i.e., whether a player can win with probability arbitrarily close to 1 (limit-winning). We provide an efficient reduction from limit-winning concurrent parity games to winning turn-based parity games, where at each state only one player has a choice of moves. From a theoretical point of view, the reduction shows that for the qualitative winning mode, one can eliminate the concurrent nature of a game, and since turn-based games are well-studied, the reduction improves the understanding of concurrent games. From a practical point of view, the reduction provides algorithms for limitwinning concurrent parity games from algorithms for solving turn-based parity games. Every improvement in the latter algorithms will carry over to the former. In particular, using recent results on algorithms for turn-based parity games, we improve the best known time complexity to solve concurrent parity games when the set of available moves at each state is small.
Ischemia of the Internal Capsule due to Mild Head Injury in a Child

We encountered an instructive case of repetitive reversible severe neurological deficit due to ischemia of the internal capsule after mild head injury. A 1-year-old boy fell and hit his head on the floor without losing consciousness. Intermittent episodes of left hemiparesis lasting from 30 s to 30 min developed 4 h later. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed acute infarction in the left internal capsule and corona radiata on diffusion-weighted imaging, and no microbleeding on susceptibility-weighted imaging. MR angiography of the intracranial and cervical vessels showed no obstruction of the large cerebral arteries. Motor impairment began to improve the next day with conservative therapy. Neurological deficit gradually resolved over the course of 1 month. This tiny lesion of the internal capsule and corona radiata may have represented a small infarction caused by mechanical vasospasm of the perforating vessels branching from the middle cerebral artery after minor injury. Even mild head injuries may cause infarction of the internal capsule, although minor head injuries are common accidents in childhood and usually do not result in severe complications.
Preparation and characterization of hydrogels with potential for use as biomaterials

Hydrogels have been extensively explored for biomedical applications due to their ability to absorb high water content in its structure, which gives excellent biocompatibility. This work aims at obtaining biocompatible hydrogels with potential for use in increasing the mechanical strength of bone substitutes, or controlled drug release. Poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization with and without the addition of acrylic acid. Azobisisobutyronitrile and ammonium persulfate were used as initiator and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide was used as the crosslinking agent. The characterization of the hydrogels was performed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and swelling properties. The results obtained demonstrate different degrees of crosslinking and swelling of up to 490 ± 30%. The different properties of the hydrogels suggest different applications.
Whole-body MR imaging: evaluation of patients for metastases.

PURPOSE To compare the results of whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with staging based on computed tomographic (CT), dedicated MR imaging, and nuclear scintigraphic results as standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with known malignant tumors were included in the study. Patients were placed on a rolling table platform capable of moving the patient rapidly through the isocenter of the magnet bore. The thorax and the abdomen were imaged by using fast breath-hold T2-weighted sequences in the transverse plane. After intravenous administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent, three-dimensional gradient-echo data sets were collected in five stations and covered the body from the skull to the knees. Location and size of cerebral, pulmonary, hepatic, and osseous metastases were documented by two experienced radiologists. Whole-body MR imaging findings were compared with results obtained at skeletal scintigraphy, CT, and dedicated MR imaging. RESULTS The mean examination time for whole-body MR imaging was 14.5 minutes. All cerebral, pulmonary, and hepatic metastases greater than 6 mm in diameter could be identified with whole-body MR imaging. Small pulmonary metastases were missed with MR imaging, which did not change therapeutic strategies, but MR imaging depicted a single hepatic metastasis that was missed with CT. Skeletal scintigraphy depicted osseous metastases in 21 patients, whereas whole-body MR imaging revealed osseous metastases in 24 patients. The additional osseous metastases seen with MR imaging were confirmed at follow-up examinations but did not result in a change in therapy. Whole-body MR imaging performed on a per-patient basis revealed sensitivity and specificity values of 100%. CONCLUSION Whole-body MR imaging for the evaluation of metastases compared well with the reference techniques for cerebral, pulmonary, and hepatic lesions. Whole-body MR imaging was more sensitive in the detection of hepatic and osseous metastases than were the reference techniques.
Ciprofibrate Treatment Decreases Non-high Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglycerides and Increases High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Frederickson Type IV Dyslipidemia Phenotype

Objective:The combination of hypertriglyceridemia and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is one of the most common lipid abnormalities. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of ciprofibrate on lipid profile in patients with Frederickson's type IV dyslipidemia phenotype. Research Design and Methods:Seventy-five patients with type IV dyslipidemia were assigned at random to 1 of 2 therapeutic options: group A (control), American Heart Association (AHA) Step II diet and physical activity; and group B, AHA diet, physical activity, and ciprofibrate 100 mg daily for 8 weeks. The lipid profile of all patients was determined at baseline and after therapeutic intervention. Results:Patients in group B (treated with ciprofibrate) compared with group A (control) had significantly higher reductions in total cholesterol (↓14.2% vs. ↓4.8%; P < 0.02), triglycerides (↓38.0% vs. ↓21.6%; P < 0.007), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (↓38.0% vs. ↓21.6%; P < 0.007), non-HDL cholesterol (↓20.5% vs. ↓7.1%; P < 0.007), and total cholesterol/high density cholesterol ratio (↓25.6% vs. ↓9.4%; P < 0.01). The ciprofibrate group had a significantly higher increase in HDL cholesterol levels compared with the other group (↑25.0% vs. ↑9.6%, P < 0.02). Conclusions:Ciprofibrate treatment effectively reduced triglyceride-rich particles and non-HDL cholesterol, and significantly increased HDL cholesterol, proving its effectiveness in patients with low HDL cholesterol and type IV Frederickson's hyperlipidemia.
A potential antibacterial agent Embelin, a natural benzoquinone extracted from Embelia ribes

Herbal medicine has been used for the prevention and treatment of various health aliments from time immemorial. In the present work, embelin from Embelia ribes berries of Indian origin was extracted and characterized by UV, NMR, thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of embelin against both Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria were studied using micro dilution method and agar plate method by sub-culturing 10 µl of the test dilutions from MIC tubes on to fresh Mueller-Hinton agar plates. About 1.9± 0.1 gram of pure embelin was obtained from 100 gram of powdered berries (E.ribes). The characteristics studied reveal the properties are on par with the standard embelin received from Sigma (USA). With regard to antibacterial activity, embelin showed bactericidal activity against Gram +ve organisms, and bacteriostatic against Gram –ve organisms. Thus, embelin finds application as potent antibacterial agent.
Optimal power and rate control for wireless communication networks with external disturbance

This paper is concerned with power and rate control for wireless communication networks. Based on the mathematical state-space model establishment of power and rate control system for wireless communication networks with external disturbance, an optimal power and rate control algorithm is presented, and the optimal power and rate control law is derived based on the optimal control theory by solving the matrix Riccati algebraic equation. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Impaired Perception of Negative Emotional Prosody in Schizophrenia

This paper aims to report on the perception of emotional prosody in schizophrenia and to discuss its relationship with performance on neurocognitive measures. It consists of a comparison of 20 clinically stable schizophrenia patients with 20 healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients were impaired in emotional prosody perception, in particular in the perception of negative emotions. This impairment could not be explained on the basis of task difficulty or a general impairment in the decoding of speech intonation. Emotional prosody perception correlated moderately strongly with neurocognitive measures. We did not find a negative bias in the perception of emotional prosody.
Effect of daily movement of dairy cattle to fresh grass in morning or afternoon on intake, grazing behaviour, rumen fermentation and milk production

SUMMARY Twenty Holstein cows were split into two equal groups to test the effect of daily move to a previously ungrazed strip after morning milking (MA) or afternoon milking (AA) on herbage intake, grazing behaviour, rumen characteristics and milk production using a randomized block design with three periods of 14 days each. Milking took place at 06.00 and 16.00 h. The chemical composition of grass was similar between treatments, but an interaction between treatment and time of sampling was found in all variables except acid detergent lignin (ADL). The most pronounced differences existed in sugar content. Grass sugar content was greatest following afternoon milking. However, the difference in sugar content in grass was much larger in MA (158 v 114 g/kg dry matter (DM) at 16.00 and 06.00 h, respectively) than in AA (147 v 129 g/kg DM at 16.00 and 06.00 h, respectively). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was significantly higher at 06.00 h than at 16.00 h (469 v 425 g/kg DM) in AA, but was equal between morning and afternoon in MA (453 g/kg DM). Herbage intake, determined using the n-alkane technique, did not differ between treatments. Grazing behaviour observed using IGER graze recorders were similar between treatments, except for ruminating time, bite rate and the number of ruminations and boli per period of the day. However, interactions between treatment and time in grazing behaviour variables were found. Grazing time was longer and number of bites was greater following allocation to a new plot (after milking in the morning in MA or milking in the afternoon in AA) when compared to allocation to the same plot after the subsequent milking per treatment (after milking in the afternoon or morning in MA and AA, respectively). In comparison to AA, grazing time in MA was more evenly distributed during the day but lower during the night. The combined effects of differences in grazing behaviour and chemical composition of the grass between treatments in different periods of the day probably caused higher intake of sugars in AA, resulting in a significantly higher non-glucogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acid ratio (NGR) in the rumen in AA than MA. Milk fat content was lower in MA than AA, but milk production and milk protein and lactose content did not differ. In conclusion, time of allocation to a fresh plot altered the distribution of grazing behaviour variables over the day, and affected NGR and milk fat content, but herbage intake and milk production were not changed.
Elastic properties of B2-NiTi and B2-PdTi.

Elastic constants of the high-temperature phases of the shape-memory alloys NiTi and PdTi are determined by means of full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave total-energy calculations. Thereby, insight into the driving mechanism of the martensitic transformation of these alloys can be obtained. In the case of NiTi, the c' and ${\mathit{c}}_{44}$ moduli are found to be low and to decrease with rising pressure. We find that the (parent) PdTi phase is metastable with respect to tetragonal deformations. From these data, we can explain the different transformation behavior of the two alloys. In the case of PdTi, the Ti-Ti bonding seems to be responsible for the formation of the martensitic phases. Experimental data, if available, are found to be in good agreement with the results of our calculations.
Model‐Checking Techniques Based on Cumulative Residuals

Summary. Residuals have long been used for graphical and numerical examinations of the adequacy of regression models. Conventional residual analysis based on the plots of raw residuals or their smoothed curves is highly subjective, whereas most numerical goodness‐of‐fit tests provide little information about the nature of model misspecification. In this paper, we develop objective and informative model‐checking techniques by taking the cumulative sums of residuals over certain coordinates (e.g., covariates or fitted values) or by considering some related aggregates of residuals, such as moving sums and moving averages. For a variety of statistical models and data structures, including generalized linear models with independent or dependent observations, the distributions of these stochastic processes under the assumed model can be approximated by the distributions of certain zero‐mean Gaussian processes whose realizations can be easily generated by computer simulation. Each observed process can then be compared, both graphically and numerically, with a number of realizations from the Gaussian process. Such comparisons enable one to assess objectively whether a trend seen in a residual plot reflects model misspecification or natural variation. The proposed techniques are particularly useful in checking the functional form of a covariate and the link function. Illustrations with several medical studies are provided.
Calculation and analysis of DQE for some image detectors in mammography

The development and clinical testing of digital detector designs for mammography are making rapid progress and there is widespread interest in comparing the performance of these new detectors to that of analogue screen-film mammography systems. In this report, Monte Carlo calculations of the x-ray absorption characteristics (single-event distribution), the quantum absorption, Aq, and detective quantum, DQEq, efficiencies are made and compared to results from the literature. Detectors of CsI and Si of various thicknesses are compared to a state-ofthe art analogue, screen-film system (Gd2O2S) in the energy range 1-35 keV. The results show that 1.5 mm thick Si detectors will have the same DQEq as commonly used Gd2O2S fluorescent screens and that a CsI phosphor of 80 mm has similar DQEq as 1.0 mm Si. The total DQE (including added noise and inherent detector unsharpness) of fluorescent screen-film systems will be significantly reduced from this value due to the light scatter, film noise and the inherent limitations caused by the film characteristic curve. This indicates that also thinner Si detectors (0.3-0.5 mm), which do not suffer from these limitations but from a comparably low Aq may have a total performance DQE(f) comparable to that of traditional screen-film based, image detectors.
Modelling adipose tissue production and the development of obesity

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington Campus, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Rd, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3TU, UK. Centre for Mathematical Medicine, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. Section Mathematical Analysis, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, 24-29 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK. Faculty of Mathematical Studies, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ.
Attentional Networks in Boys With ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Relationship With Effortful Control

Objective: The present study investigated differences in attentional networks in typically developing (TD) boys and boys with ADHD or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, we investigated the relationship between networks and the relationship with effortful control (EC). Method: An Attention Network Test was used to assess alerting, orienting, and executive attention in 25 TD boys, 25 boys with ADHD, and 25 boys with ASD. Results: In the absence of warning signals, boys with ADHD performed poorer than other children. In all groups, the orienting and executive control networks and the alerting and orienting networks interacted. Executive attention and EC were unrelated. Conclusion: Results provided evidence of impaired tonic alertness in ADHD and support the idea of functional integration of attentional networks. Finally, findings suggest that the link between EC reports and indices of neural systems involved in the effortful regulation of behavior may not be as unambiguous as previously thought.
PPM: one step to practicality

PPM is one of the most promising lossless data compression algorithms using Markov source model of order D. Its main essence is the coding of a new (in the given context) symbol in one of inner nodes of the context tree; a sequence of the special escape symbols is used to describe this node. In reality, the majority of symbols is encoded in inner nodes and the Markov model becomes rather conventional. In spite of the fact that the PPM algorithm achieves the best results in comparison with others, it is used rarely in practical applications due to its high computational complexity. This paper is devoted to the PPM algorithm implementation that has a complexity comparable with widespread practical compression schemes based on LZ77, LZ78 and BWT algorithms. This scheme has been proposed by Shkarin (see Problems of Information Transmission, vol.34, no.3, p.44-54, 2001) and named PPM with information inheritance (PPMII).