Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HIGH SPEED CAM LINKAGE MECHANISM OF CHOCOLATE PACKAGING MACHINE

In order to meet the requirements of high speed, high precision and high quality of packaging machine, various combination mechanisms have been widely used. For high-speed working conditions, the whole mechanism system is prone to vibration, so that the motion law of the executing member deviates from the theoretical motion law. This paper takes the cam linkage mechanism in the push device of chocolate packaging machine as the research object, introduces its characteristics and application, and presents an intuitive research method for dynamic analysis of the combined mechanism, It is replaced by the principle of equivalent substitution of components, A dynamic model was established, Dynamics equation of motion is established by using Darambel's principle, The dynamic characteristics of the system are simulated and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software, And get the actual acceleration curve. The simulation results show that: At high speeds, Considering the elastic deformation of the member, The lateral deformation of the camshaft has a large effect on the cam motion, At the same time, the output response of the putter C point has a large fluctuation, At the peak of acceleration, it fluctuates greatly, But the whole result can meet the needs of actual engineering.
IMPACT OF SPECIAL EARLY HARVEST SEASONS ON SUBARCTIC-NESTING AND TEMPERATE-NESTING CANADA GEESE

Abstract Dramatic changes in wintering distributions of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have occurred over the past 50 years in eastern North America. Declines in numbers of subarctic-nesting geese wintering in southern states, and increases in numbers wintering in northern regions, have resulted in a northern shift in winter distributions. In contrast, numbers of temperate-nesting geese have increased throughout eastern North America. Management efforts to control overabundant temperate-nesting flocks have included the establishment of special early harvest seasons in September. However, the effect of early seasons on survival and harvest of subarctic-nesting populations has not been documented. Understanding the timing of migration movements and the fidelity of subarctic-nesting flocks to terminal winter refuges in the Southeast also is necessary to design early harvest seasons that target temperate-nesting flocks and protect subarctic-nesting populations. We used recoveries of marked geese to estimate survival and harvest rates before and after implementation of early harvest seasons within the Mississippi Flyway during 1976–1999. In addition, we used observations of neck-banded geese from the Southern James Bay Population (SJBP) to evaluate the hypothesis that subarctic-nesting geese arriving prior to mid-December on several key terminal winter refuges in the Southeast (early arriving migrants) were more likely to return to those refuges in subsequent years than were migrants arriving after mid-December (late arriving migrants). September seasons during 1987–1994 were a minor source of mortality for subarctic-nesting populations and accounted for <10% of their annual harvest mortality. The effectiveness of early seasons for increasing mortality of temperate-nesting flocks varied among the states we examined and was tempered by concurrent changes in state-specific harvest regulations during the regular harvest season. For SJBP Canada geese, annual fidelity to southeastern refuges was 10% higher for early arrivers than for late arriving geese. However, in any given year only 47–57% of the surviving geese were expected to return to the refuges the following year. Although early arriving migrants had higher survival and higher return probabilities than did late arriving migrants or geese that failed to return, numbers of geese wintering on southeastern refuges likely declined because <60% of the surviving geese affiliated with the refuges would return in a given year and because of lower survival for geese that did not return to the refuges.
NEST SITE SELECTION AND NESTING SUCCESS IN SALTMARSH BREEDING SPARROWS: THE IMPORTANCE OF NEST HABITAT, TIMING, AND STUDY SITE DIFFERENCES

Abstract We examined nest-site selection and nesting success in Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Seaside Sparrows (A. maritimus), at seven sites in Connecticut. We found 160 Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow nests and 23 Seaside Sparrow nests, and compared characteristics of their locations to each other and to random locations. We tracked success of all nests, quantified nest productivity and causes of nest losses, and tested for habitat differences between successful and unsuccessful nests. Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows nested in higher than average locations, where the vegetation was taller and more dense than at random locations, where there was a deep layer of thatch, and where saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) dominated the vegetation. There was little evidence that habitat characteristics influenced the success of nesting birds, but the timing of nest initiation relative to spring tides was important. Seaside Sparrow nests occurred in even taller vegetation, that was more sparse than average and dominated by the tall form of smooth cordgrass (S. alterniflora). Habitat influenced the success of Seaside Sparrow nests, but timing did not; on average, successful nests occurred in taller vegetation. Model comparisons suggest that vegetation structure influences site selection more than species composition or inherent differences among marshes. Overall, our results indicate that nest flooding is a major threat to successful reproduction in both species, but they have different strategies to avoid flooding. Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows time their reproduction to avoid especially high tides, while Seaside Sparrows avoid flooding spatially by nesting in tall vegetation.
Reduced diurnal temperature range does not change warming impacts on ecosystem carbon balance of Mediterranean grassland mesocosms

Daily minimum temperature (Tmin) has increased faster than daily maximum temperature (Tmax) in many parts of the world, leading to decreases in diurnal temperature range (DTR). Projections suggest that these trends are likely to continue in many regions, particularly in northern latitudes and in arid regions. Despite wide speculation that asymmetric warming has different impacts on plant and ecosystem production than equal‐night‐and‐day warming, there has been little direct comparison of these scenarios. Reduced DTR has also been widely misinterpreted as a result of night‐only warming, when in fact Tmin occurs near dawn, indicating higher morning as well as night temperatures. We report on the first experiment to examine ecosystem‐scale impacts of faster increases in Tmin than in Tmax, using precise temperature controls to create realistic diurnal temperature profiles with gradual day–night temperature transitions and elevated early morning as well as night temperatures. Studying a constructed grassland ecosystem containing species native to Oregon, USA, we found that the ecosystem lost more carbon at elevated than ambient temperatures, but remained unaffected by the 3 °C difference in DTR between symmetric warming (constantly ambient + 3.5 °C) and asymmetric warming (dawn Tmin = ambient + 5 °C, afternoon Tmax = ambient + 2 °C). Reducing DTR had no apparent effect on photosynthesis, probably because temperatures were most different in the morning and late afternoon when light was low. Respiration was also similar in both warming treatments, because respiration temperature sensitivity was not sufficient to respond to the limited temperature differences between asymmetric and symmetric warming. We concluded that changes in daily mean temperatures, rather than changes in Tmin/Tmax, were sufficient for predicting ecosystem carbon fluxes in this reconstructed Mediterranean grassland system.
Seed behaviour in Phoenix reclinata Jacquin, the wild date palm

Despite the importance of the palm family, Arecaceae, little has been systematically documented about the seed behaviour of the many species. The post-harvest seed behaviour of Phoenix reclinata, the highly utilized wild date palm species distributed along the eastern seaboard of Africa, is investigated in the present study. While both embryo and endosperm water concentration declined as the seeds of Phoenix reclinata matured, they remained relatively high: this is a characteristic of (but not confined to) non-orthodox seeds. The ultrastructure of embryo cells, and the finding that negligible water uptake was required for the initiation of germination, were in keeping with the possible non-orthodox nature of the seeds. A developmental study revealed that between the acquisition of full germinability and complete pre-shedding maturity, germination performance appeared to be constrained, suggesting the presence of an inhibitor. Pre-treatment by soaking, mechanical or acid scarification had no significant promotory effect on either rate or totality of germination of mature P. reclinata seeds, while use of water transiently at 100°C was highly deleterious. However, germination of partially dehydrated seeds was initiated sooner if they had been soaked or scarified. Mature P. reclinata seeds tolerated dehydration to a mean embryo water concentration of 0.40 g g–1 (dry mass basis; dmb), but at 0.14 g g–1, both rate and totality of germination were adversely affected. However, viability of seeds dehydrated to the mean embryo water concentration 0.40 g g–1 declined during storage for 16 weeks. It is concluded that P. reclinata seeds are non-orthodox, and are best categorized as showing intermediate post-harvest behaviour.
Lithium-ion Stationary Battery Capacity Sizing Formula for the Establishment of Industrial Design Standard

– The extension of DC battery backup time in the DC power supply system of nuclear power plants (NPPs) remains a challenge. The lead-acid battery is the most popular at present. And it is generally the most popular energy storage device. However, extension of backup time requires too much space. The lithium-ion battery has high energy density and advanced gravimetric and volumetric properties. The aim of this paper is development of the sizing formula of stationary lithium-ion batteries. The ongoing research activities and related industrial standards for stationary lithium-ion batteries are reviewed. Then, the lithium-ion battery sizing calculation formular is proposed for the establishment of industrial design standard which is essential for the design of stationary batteries of nuclear power plants. An example of calculating the lithium-ion battery capacity for a medium voltage UPS is presented.
Herbicide gels for controlling old man's beard ( Clematis vitalba ) in ecologically sensitive areas

Old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba) is a significant environmental weed and can completely smother the growth of native vegetation in many New Zealand parks and reserves. Current herbicide application techniques are either not effective on the weed or can have non-target effects on adjacent native plant species. HortResearch has developed herbicidal gels for the direct application to cut stems to selectively kill target plants. The gels were formulated with a range of active ingredients. Picloram-based gels were the most effective treatments on old man’s beard without causing any non target effects.
Population structure and genetic diversity among Indian wheat varieties using microsatellite (SSR) markers

Platform for improvement of crop plants is largely setup by the genetic variability studies. The current work was performed to assess the status of genetic diversity among 319 Indian wheat varieties so that they can be used effectively for future breeding practices. Out of 30 markers applied, 50 polymorphic fragments generated from16 polymorphic primers were selected for diversity studies. Jaccob's similarity model and Bayesian analysis were performed using software package DARwin 5.0 and STRUCTURE 2.3. 3 respectively. Grouping obtained from both the analysis were found to be consistent and was helpful in analyzing the distribution of genetic variability across different centres of wheat research in India. The total genetic diversity for all groups (Ht) was 0.38888 and within groups (Hs) was 0.3130 indicating less genetic variability among sub-populations (Gst=0.19). Gene flow (Nm) was also found to be relatively high with a value of 2.0654. Genetic variability parameters computed using POPGENE 1.32 (81%) and AMOVA (78.5%) revealed that the genetic diversity was mainly contained within the populations. This study can complement the breeding programs for identification of parental combinations effectively to maintain maximum genetic variability in progenies.
INTUSUSSCEPTION SECONDARY TO GASTROINTESTINAL FOREIG BODY IN AN ELEVEN MONTH OLD JUVENILE AFRICAN LION

An eleven month old male, juvenile lion brought for rehabilitation at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park was diagnosed with gastrointestinal foreign body and intussusception based on the history of persistent vomiting following ingestion of a cotton towel, and radiographic findings of a radiopaque gastric foreign body extending from the fundus to the pylorus and a cylindrical soft tissue mid-abdominal mass. The lion was premedicated with an intramuscular injections of ketamine (5 mg.kg–1) and midazolam (0.25 mg.kg–1), while anaesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of propofol (2 mg.kg–1). A celiotomy followed by gastrotomy and subsequent intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed to remove the gastrointestinal foreign bodies and correct the intussusception. The lion recovered well without any complication and was gradually introduced back into the group housing three weeks later following successful alimentation process. This report is probably the first case of intussusception in a lion that was associated with a gastrointestinal foreign body.
Show or Tell? Demonstration is More Robust to Changes in Shared Perception than Explanation

Successful teaching entails a complex interaction between a teacher and a learner. The teacher must select and convey information based on what they think the learner perceives and believes. Teaching always involves misaligned beliefs, but studies of pedagogy often focus on situations where teachers and learners share perceptions. Nonetheless, a teacher and learner may not always experience or attend to the same aspects of the environment. Here, we study how misaligned perceptions influence communication. We hypothesize that the efficacy of different forms of communication depends on the shared perceptual state between teacher and learner. We develop a cooperative teaching game to test whether concrete mediums (demonstrations, or "showing") are more robust than abstract ones (language, or "telling") when the teacher and learner are not perceptually aligned. We find evidence that (1) language-based teaching is more affected by perceptual misalignment, but (2) demonstration-based teaching is less likely to convey nuanced information. We discuss implications for human pedagogy and machine learning.
Restoring a Jarrah Forest Understorey Vegetation after Bauxite Mining in Western Australia

The Southwest of Western Australia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. In the jarrah forest there are at least 300–400 plant species in vegetation that is typically mined and as many as 163 species per 0.1 ha. Hence, restoring the plant species to post‐mining areas is seen as a priority. Approximately 70% of understorey richness is returned via the direct transfer of fresh topsoil. Additions of provenance‐correct seeds of between 78 and 113 native jarrah forest species add significantly to post‐mining species richness. Many of the broadcast seeds receive a prebroadcast heat or smoke treatment to increase germinability. Approximately 20 additional species are produced by vegetative multiplication or tissue culture and planted into restored areas. Though sequential improvements during the past 30 years, Alcoa now achieves its target to establish in restored areas the same number of native plant species per 80 m2 as the natural forest. Resampling of permanent plots revealed that species composition of older post‐mining areas does not become more similar to unmined forest over one to three decades. Few species (mostly orchids) establish after the first year of restoration and adherence to the initial floristic composition model of forest succession applies to jarrah forest mine site restoration in Western Australia. Alcoa’s strategy, therefore, is to maximize the diversity of understorey species in newly restored sites at the first attempt. Future research will investigate methods to further increase the density of the fire resprouter species, a group of species currently under‐represented in the restored bauxite mining sites.
The Status of Louisiana's Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) Populations in the Wake of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Insights from Population Genetic and Contaminant Analyses

Abstract We studied the population-genetic structure of the Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin pileata) in Louisiana and used data from previous studies to compare our results with rangewide patterns of genetic diversity. We analyzed blood plasma to examine the contaminant load in Louisiana terrapins in the wake of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Using 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci, we tested for genetic structure to infer site fidelity, connectivity, and gene flow among terrapins in Louisiana estuaries. We found no evidence for population structure within Louisiana, even among sites up to 120 km apart. Comparing our Louisiana samples to data from previous studies using four loci, we found relatively low genetic diversity in Louisiana and other Gulf Coast terrapins. Based on their genetic similarity, our results support previous recommendations that two Gulf Coast subspecies be grouped into one management unit. The low genetic diversity we observed in Gulf Coast populations may be attributable to anthropogenic pressures, including massive overharvesting events in the early 20th century, from which populations have never fully recovered. Chemical analysis of plasma revealed low concentrations of contaminants, although analyses of other tissue types might have yielded a better estimate of oil contaminant sequestration for this species. Although our observed contaminant levels align roughly with levels of oiling at sampled sites, background levels as well as further analysis using more appropriate matrices (liver or fat) are needed to more accurately assess the impact of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the health of Gulf Coast terrapin populations.
A Comprehensive Survey of the Routing Schemes for IoT applications

Internet of Things (IoT) is with a perception of ‘anything’, ‘anywhere’ and provides the interconnection among devices with a remarkable scale and speed. The prevalent intention of IoT is the datatransmission through the internet without the mediation of humans. An efficient routing protocol must be included in the IoT network for the accomplishment of its objectives and securing data transmission. Accordingly, the survey presents various routing protocols for secure data communication in IoT for providing a clear vision as the major issue in the IoT networks is energy consumption. Therefore, there is a need for devising an effective routing scheme to provide superior performance over the other existing schemes in terms of energy consumption. Thus, this review article provides a detailed review of 52 research papers presenting the suggested routing protocols based on the contentbased, clustering-based, fuzzy-based, Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks, tree-based and so on. Also, a detailed analysis and discussion are made by concerning the parameters, simulation tool, and year of publication, network size, evaluation metrics, and utilized protocols. Finally, the research gaps and issues of various conventional routing protocols are presented for extending the researchers towards a better contribution of routing protocol for the secure IoT routing.
Universidad de los Andes at ActivityNet Challenge 2020 - Task B Active Speaker Detection (AVA)

At its core, our strategy estimates an active speaker score for an individual face (target face) by analyzing the target itself, the current audio input, and multiple faces detected at the current timestamp. We begin by analyzing audiovisual information from short video clips. The visual information is a stack of k consecutive face crops sampled from a time interval τ . The audio information is the raw waveform sampled over the same τ interval. For every clip cs,τ in a video sequence, we compute an embedding us,τ using a short-term encoder Φ(cs,τ ). Short-term Encoder (Φ). We approximate Φ by means of a two-stream convolutional architecture. The visual stream takes as input a tensor v ∈ RH×W×(3k), where H and W are the width and height of k face crops. On the audio stream, we convert the raw audio waveform into a Mel-spectrogram represented as a ∈ RQ×P , where Q and P depend on the length of the interval τ . On a forward pass the visual sub-network estimates a visual embedding uv ∈ Rv , while the audio sub-network computes an audio embedding ua ∈ Ra . We compose an audiovisual feature embedding u ∈ R by concatenating the output embedding of each stream.
Differential Sensitivity to Mutations in a Single Peptide by Two TCRs Having Identical β-Chains and Closely Related α-Chains1

The TCR on CD4 T cells binds to and recognizes MHC class II:antigenic peptide complexes through molecular contacts with the peptide amino acid residues that face up and out of the peptide-binding groove. This interaction primarily involves the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of the TCR α- and β-chains contacting up to five residues of the peptide. We have used two TCRs that recognize the same antigenic peptide and have identical Vβ8. 2 chains, but differ in all three CDR of their related Vα2 chains, to examine the fine specificity of the TCR:peptide contacts that lead to activation. By generating a peptide library containing all 20 aa residues in the five potential TCR contact sites, we were able to demonstrate that the two similar TCRs responded differentially when agonist, nonagonist, and antagonist peptide functions were examined. Dual substituted peptides containing an agonist residue at the N terminus, which interacts with CDR2α, and an antagonist residue at the C terminus, which interacts with the CDR3β, were used to show that the nature of the overall signal through the TCR is determined by a combination of the type of signal received through both the TCR α- and β-chains.