Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sig-NMS-Based Faster R-CNN Combining Transfer Learning for Small Target Detection in VHR Optical Remote Sensing Imagery

Small target detection is a challenging task in very-high-resolution (VHR) optical remote sensing imagery, because small targets occupy a minuscule number of pixels and are easily disturbed by backgrounds or occluded by others. Although current convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approaches perform well when detecting normal objects, they are barely suitable for detecting small ones. Two practical problems stand in their way. First, current CNN-based approaches are not specifically designed for the minuscule size of small targets (~15 or ~10 pixels in extent). Second, no well-established data sets include labeled small targets and establishing one from scratch is labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address these two issues, we propose an approach that combines Sig-NMS-based Faster R-CNN with transfer learning. Sig-NMS replaces traditional non-maximum suppression (NMS) in the stage of region proposal network and decreases the possibility of missing small targets. Transfer learning can effectively label remote sensing images by automatically annotating both object classes and object locations. We conduct an experiment on three data sets of VHR optical remote sensing images, RSOD, LEVIR, and NWPU VHR-10, to validate our approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively detect small targets in the VHR optical remote sensing images of about $10\times 10$ pixels and automatically label small targets as well. In addition, our method presents better mean average precisions than other state-of-the-art methods: 1.5% higher when performing on the RSOD data set, 17.8% higher on the LEVIR data set, and 3.8% higher on NWPU VHR-10.
Homography-based traffic sign localisation and pose estimation from image sequence

This study proposes a vision-based method for traffic sign attribute estimation, i.e. 3D position and pose, from image sequences by binocular or monocular cameras. The method starts with acquiring robust feature correspondences based on homography constraints from image pairs. Then the objective function is designed to integrate the feature correspondences to optimise the parameters of the traffic sign plane in the 3D coordinate. Finally, the sign plane is utilised for attribute estimation. In addition, the authors provide an extension for the raw KITTI dataset, which can be utilised for 3D tasks of traffic sign localisation and pose estimation. In the experiments, three popular methods are employed for comparisons based on the publicly available BelgiumTS and KITTI datasets. The results show that the authors’ method based on SIFT and SURF features can locate the traffic signs with a mean error of ∼0.44 and 0.51 m in the BelgiumTS and KITTI datasets, respectively, and estimate the pose with a mean error of ∼14.45° in the KITTI dataset.
Validation of energy deposition simulations for proton and heavy ion losses in the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Monte Carlo shower simulations are essential for understanding and predicting the consequences of beam losses in high-energy proton and ion colliders. Shower simulations are routinely used at CERN for estimating the beam-induced energy deposition, radiation damage, and radioactivity in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Comparing these shower simulations against beam loss measurements is an important prerequisite for assessing the predictive ability of model calculations. This paper validates FLUKA simulation predictions of beam loss monitor (BLM) signals against BLM measurements from proton fills at 3.5 and 4 TeV and 208 Pb 82 þ ion fills at 1 . 38 A TeV. The paper addresses typical loss scenarios and loss mechanisms encountered in LHC operation, including proton collisions with dust particles liberated into the beams, halo impact on collimators in the betatron cleaning insertion, proton-proton collisions in the interaction points, and dispersive losses due to bound-free pair production in heavy ion collisions. Model predictions and measured signals generally match within a few tens of percent, although systematic differences were found to be as high as a factor of 3 for some regions and source terms.
Developing a Teacher Characteristics Scale.

It is a known fact that every profession needs to be developed during its practice. To be able to acquire this we need to know the characteristics of teachers related to their professional development. For this purpose this study tries to develop a scale to measure teacher characteristics which would help in designing in-service training programs to educate teachers. The first draft of the scale had 69 items and was administered to 99 senior teacher candidates in the faculty of education. The results were analysed by using exploratory factor analysis. As a result it was found that the scale contains three components, namely, teacher-student interaction characteristics with 13 items, characteristics related to teaching profession with 11 items, humanistic and justice characteristics of teachers with 9 items.
Progress in Phenomenological Modeling of Turbulence Damping around a Two-Phase Interface

The presence of a moving interface in two-phase flows challenges the accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, especially when the flow is turbulent. For such flows, single-phase-based turbulence models are usually used for the turbulence modeling together with certain modifications including the turbulence damping around the interface. Due to the insufficient understanding of the damping mechanism, the phenomenological modeling approach is always used. Egorov’s model is the most widely-used turbulence damping model due to its simple formulation and implementation. However, the original Egorov model suffers from the mesh size dependency issue and uses a questionable symmetric treatment for both liquid and gas phases. By introducing more physics, this paper introduces a new length scale for Egorov’s model, making it independent of mesh sizes in the tangential direction of the interface. An asymmetric treatment is also developed, which leads to more physical predictions for both the turbulent kinetic energy and the velocity field.
Unveiling the Role of Conjugate Bridge in Triphenylamine Hole-Transporting Materials for Inverted and Direct Perovskite Solar Cells

Deeply understanding of the performance discrepancy of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with different configuration (inverted or direct) is important for designing efficient HTMs. Herein, three organic HTMs TZ1, TZ2, and TZ3 have been employed to fabricate the inverted PSCs. Optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of these HTMs are investigated. TZ3 featuring the 3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene conjugate bridge shows a higher work function and enhanced capability of hole extraction, achieving a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.33% in the inverted PSCs. Importantly, results reveal that the conjugate bridge has a relevant effect on the photovoltaic performance of cells with different device configuration. The PCE trend of TZ1, TZ2, and TZ3 in inverted PSCs is diametrically opposed to that of direct devices. We proposed that linear triphenylamine HTMs contain a fused bridge with high degree of conjugation are good choice for the direct PSCs. On the other hand, it is better to incorporate linear triphenylamine HTMs with deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) toward the inverted PSCs, because the photovoltage plays a crucial role in the efficiency of the inverted PSCs. This systematic study provides a new viewpoint to design HTMs toward PSCs with different device configuration.
The fast iris image clarity evaluation based on Tenengrad and ROI selection

In iris recognition system, the clarity of iris image is an important factor that influences recognition effect. In the process of recognition, the blurred image may possibly be rejected by the automatic iris recognition system, which will lead to the failure of identification. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the iris image definition before recognition. Considered the existing evaluation methods on iris image definition, we proposed a fast algorithm to evaluate the definition of iris image in this paper. In our algorithm, firstly ROI (Region of Interest) is extracted based on the reference point which is determined by using the feature of the light spots within the pupil, then Tenengrad operator is used to evaluate the iris image’s definition. Experiment results show that, the iris image definition algorithm proposed in this paper could accurately distinguish the iris images of different clarity, and the algorithm has the merit of low computational complexity and more effectiveness.
Métodos físico-químicos para análise de alimentos - 4ª edição

A analise bromatologica, dentro do contexto da quimica analitica aplicada, desempenha importante papel avaliador da qualidade e seguranca dos alimentos. Em determinados momentos, a sua utilizacao torna-se decisiva para equacionar e resolver problemas de saude publica e tambem para definir e complementar acoes de vigilância sanitaria. Atua, tambem, como coadjuvante nas inovacoes tecnologicas de alimentos. Devido a complexidade da sua constituicao orgânica, os alimentos muitas vezes sao considerados matrizes dificeis de serem manipuladas; o analista devera estar devidamente treinado, e somente a experiencia apreendida ao longo dos anos podera fornecer seguranca analitica. Dentre os requisitos essenciais para evidenciar a qualidade de um trabalho laboratorial e fornecer confiabilidade aos resultados emitidos, a escolha adequada de metodologia analitica e, sem duvida nenhuma, de grande relevância. De nada adianta um laboratorio dispor de instalacao e equipamentos de ponta, se o metodo analitico selecionado nao for apropriado. Em razao dos avancos tecnologicos na ciencia dos alimentos, tanto nos aspectos toxicologico como de identidade e qualidade, tornam-se imperativas a necessidade da modernizacao e a continua atualizacao dos metodos analiticos. Novas tecnicas instrumentais, baseadas em determinados principios fisicos e quimicos, frequentemente sao desenvolvidas, assim como, tambem, a utilizacao da biologia molecular, para cada vez mais quantificar analitos em concentracoes muito baixas. Sao inumeros, na literatura cientifica corrente, os metodos de imunoensaios para detectar e quantificar niveis de contaminantes quimicos e avaliar a autenticidade de alimentos. Muitas vezes, o laboratorio fica incapacitado para acompanhar tao brusca modernidade. Ha necessidade da disposicao de metodos alternativos de analises, quando possivel, que estejam ao alcance da maioria dos laboratorios, notadamente, os de saude publica. Nem sempre o metodo que faz uso do equipamento sofisticado e dispendioso e o mais adequado; as vezes, dependendo do analito e da sua concentracao em um dado alimento, a utilizacao de metodologia tradicional e de baixo custo torna-se mais eficiente. Por exemplo, os metodos volumetricos e espectrofotometricos na regiao do UV/VIS nao devem ser considerados obsoletos e ultrapassados.
A Study on the Influencing Factors of IPO Pricing and Policy Research in Chinese Stock Market

The stock market is of financing function. So the IPO is an important financing channels and the rational use of this function determines the healthy development of China's capital market directly. The rationality of IPO primarily reflects on the IPO pricing . By reviewing previous IPO pricing theory , we establish the IPO pricing multifactor model and lead in macroeconomic early warning index to model for the first time. The empirical results validate the rationality of the model, and the relevant statistics statistical test effect is good. The empirical results have positive reference meaning to IPO pricing of our country stock market.
Test of a 400-kV Compact Bushing

A two-stage compact bushing has been developed by CEA-Cadarache and installed on its 1-MV testbed. This bushing acts as high-voltage feedthrough between a transmission line under pressurized nitrogen or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas and a vacuum tank with a volume of 30 m3. The bushing has been successfully tested up to 420 kV. Electron field emission causes a dark current to flow between the electrodes in the vacuum, both inside or outside the bushing in the vacuum tank. High-voltage conditioning leads to a significant reduction in this dark current. The dark current can be further reduced or even suppressed by adding low-pressure (~1 mPa) nitrogen or SF6 gas to the vacuum.
Design Approach to a Novel Planar Bisensing Circularly Polarized Antenna

Design approach to a planar bisensing circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented. The antenna is composed of a circular sector magnetic dipole and two concentric annular electric dipoles. At first, the flared angle, radius of the circular sector magnetic dipole, and the feed positions of electric dipole are determined by the phase difference condition for bisensing CP radiations. Then, the arc length of concentric annular electric dipoles is determined. Finally, a concentric annular parasitic element is properly employed to compensate the phase and amplitude difference. In these ways, bisensing CP antenna with the main beam in parallel to its plane can be realized by using a simple planar configuration with only a few design parameters. As experimentally validated, the proposed antenna exhibits a nearly perfect bisensing CP characteristic at 2.50 GHz band.
Pair of diagonal slots loaded low‐profile circularly polarised patch antenna with wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth

A low-profile circularly polarised (CP) antenna with wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is proposed in this study. The possibilities of widening the 3 dB ARBW of single diagonal slot-loaded conventional CP antenna have been explored successfully by incorporating a pair of rectangular slots along the diagonal line of a square patch antenna. The design parameters and the symmetrical arrangement of this pair of slots across the centre of the patch are crucial to adjust and achieve the wide 3 dB ARBW with high CP purity. Coupling between the two diagonal slots provides nearly equal E θ and E φ radiation patterns over a large angular range, and hence the 3 dB ARBW has been enhanced by 85.71 and 55.4% for φ = 0° and φ = 90° planes, respectively, in comparison to the conventional slot-loaded CP antenna. The minimum 3 dB ARBW of 208° and a maximum of 230° have been achieved across different planes of radiation φ = 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° with a minimum axial ratio of 0.20 dB only. The absolute planar antenna of size (0.29 × 0.29 × 0.013)λ0 3, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the CP frequency, has been fabricated and tested. The measured and simulated results show fair consistency to each other.
Am-Type Eclipsing Binary V2787 Ori: An Evolved Shallow-contact Binary with an Extremely Low Mass Ratio

The first complete multicolor CCD light curves and low-resolution spectra of the short-period Am-type eclipsing binary V2787 Ori are presented. The atmospheric parameters of the primary component, including the effective temperature (T), the gravitational acceleration (log g), and the metallicity [Fe/H], are determined as Teff = 6993 ± 82 K, log g = 4.10 ± 0.22 cm / s 2 , and [ Fe / H ] = − 0.40 ± 0.18 dex , respectively. The Wilson-Devinney (W-D) code was used to analyze those BVR c I c light curves, and the photometric solutions of this eclipsing binary were derived for the first time. It was discovered that V2787 Ori is a shallow-contact, total-eclipsing binary with a factor of f = 0.181(±0.077) and an extremely low mass ratio of q = 0.120(±0.002). The primary contributes about 95% luminosity to the total system, and the temperature difference between the two components exceeds 1600 K. This target may be the smallest mass ratio B-subtype system, but it definitely is among the smallest mass ratio B-subtype systems. The temperature of the secondary is determined as 5413 K, while its mass is estimated as M 2 = 0.17 ( ± 0.01 ) M ⊙ . These properties indicate that the binary may undergo a special evolution where the secondary may be the original more massive component and has transferred most of its mass to its companion. We combined our newly determined eclipse times with those collected from the previous literature, and found that the O − C curve of the binary system shows a cyclic variation with an amplitude of 0.0054 days and a period of 17.3 years, which is explained as the result of the light-time effect, due to a third body orbiting around the central binary. The minimal mass of the third body is 0.208 M⊙, and the corresponding orbital radius is about 7.24 au. The shallow-contact configuration, the extremely low mass ratio, the evolved components, and the presence of a tertiary component, all make the B-subtype Am-type contact binary a significant target for further investigations.
The African light source project

The global science endeavour drives technological development in both the short and longer term and has a large impact on socioeconomic development. There are however other benefits, such as the culture of enlightenment, the eradication of ignorance and prejudice, the promotion of large-scale boundary-crossing collaborations and a real, fundamental appreciation of all diversity. In this context, large-scale research infrastructures play an important role. Amongst these, one of the most transformative mega-research entities is the modern advanced light source (AdLS). Research using these facilities is fundamental, applied and industrial. The first case is a truly universal endeavour, and in the latter cases, there will be regional priorities. For all these reasons, research has to be carried out everywhere and by all peoples. The passionate belief in this positive role for science and technology in society has driven the call for the African Light Source (AfLS). The call was first sounded in 2002, and it has been repeated by many sources on many platforms. African scientists are strongly participating in research exploiting the power of modern AdLSs, both from within African institutions, and from other institutions, as the exercise of the African science Diaspora. In addition, the global science community has also strongly supported the worldwide proliferation of the benefits of access to large-scale research infrastructures, and to extending the collaborative participation as widely as possible. This combination of African and International leadership towards an AfLS is embodied in a fully mandated international committee whose vision and goal is an AdLS in Africa. This AfLS would be supported by extensive local and regional research infrastructure and also local and regional human and industrial capacities.
Embedded system for automatic landmark detection using images captured by UAVs

Autonomous Navigation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) is a widely studied subject nowadays. There are diﬀerent works that we could ﬁnd in the literature that is dedicated to solving this problem. However, the UAVs has a limit for the weight that can be loaded with it which makes the use of embedded systems for real-time data processing one solution to decreased devices which should have to be carry with the vehicle during ﬂight to send data to an ground station to process the data. This works aims to present a study with Haar-Like cascade classiﬁer embedded in a Raspberry PI for automatic landmark detection using images captured by UAVs. The results obtained with this study prove the possibility of using the approach in embedded systems and real-time analysis
Formal reasoning in software-defined networks

semantics. So far, we have focused on NetCore to build intuitions. But our bisimulation can be obtained for any controller that implements a high-level packet-processing function. We now make this precise with a few additional definitions. Definition 2 (Abstract Semantics). An abstract semantics is defined by the following components: 1. An abstract packet-processing function on located packets: f(lp) = {|lp1 · · · lpn|} 2. An abstraction function, c : σ → {|lp|}, that identifies the packets the controller has received but not yet processed. Note that the type of the NetCore semantics (Fig. 4.9) matches the type of the function above. In addition, because the NetCore controller simply holds the multiset of PktIn messages, the abstraction function is trivial. Given such an abstract semantics, we can lift it to a network semantics lp = ⇒ as we did for NetCore. We say that an abstract semantics is compatible with a concrete controller implementation, consisting of a type of controller state σ, and input and output relations fin and fout , if the two satisfy the following conditions relating their behavior: Definition 3 (Compatibility). An abstract semantics and controller implementation are compatible if:
Interval Search with Quadratic Interpolation and Stable Deviation Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (IQS-QPSO)

In this article, in order to enhance the rate of convergence and scattering of particles at the same time, simple techniques are introduced. These techniques include: (1) Using the interval search to select a new particle candidate, (2) Replacement of three candidate particles instead to worst the particles in the population, (3) Using the best result of learning coefficients, (4) using a simple method to control the convergence of the algorithm in a high number of repetitions. In this article, the performance of Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO) algorithm has been upgraded with using the interval search method. The proposed method of interval search of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm has achieved better results than in the past with the use of quadratic interpolation recombination operator and stable deviation and interval search. Moreover, the results of the proposed algorithm of Interval Search with Quadratic Interpolation and Stable Deviation Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (IQS-QPSO) is compared with the other former algorithms such as Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO), Quadratic Interpolation Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (Q-QPSO) and Stable Deviation Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (SD-QPSO). Then the performance improvement is reported. In order to compare the results of each algorithm, five famous functions are used and consequently the results are reported separately for each function
A compact tri‐band microwave resonator for ethanol gas detection

This article presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of a compact two‐port microwave resonator coated with nanomaterials for ethanol gas sensing applications. The proposed gas sensor consists of a transmission line loaded with three triangular split ring resonators for ethanol detection at three frequency bands viz. 2.2, 4.6, and 6.3 GHz. The transmission line has all‐pass characteristics in which band gaps are introduced using three split ring resonators. The TiO2 and ZnO nanorods are used as sensitive layers for the proposed sensing application. The nanorods, which are grown on a glass substrate of thickness 1 mm, are loaded on to the two‐port microwave resonator making the device sensitive to ethanol. The microwave behavior of the sensor is analyzed using the scattering parameters. The absorption of the ethanol gas causes frequency detuning which is used to analyze the presence of ethanol and its concentration. From the experiments, it is understood that there is an increase in the frequency shift with an increase in the concentration of ethanol gas. The sensing device with ZnO as a sensitive layer showed a higher average sensitivity of 2.35 compared to TiO2 whose average sensitivity is 1.29.