Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“The Worst Blender I’ve Ever Bought!”: Leveraging Natural Language Processing On Sentiment Analysis of Product Reviews

—Consumer-generated product reviews on commercial sites such as Amazon.com have become an important factor in the business world as they increasingly inﬂuence purchasing decisions. Extracting consumer sentiments from these online reviews would be a boon to manufacturers and companies. However, the complexity of human language makes extracting information from unﬁltered natural language texts a difﬁcult task. In this work, we leverage natural language processing to parse raw consumer reviews into a machine-readable corpus, and then leverage machine learning algorithms to classify the sentiment of each review. We evaluate three classiﬁers–Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine–and analyze the effect of parametric preprocessing on the performance of all three. Our results demonstrate that a simple bag of words approach to feature extraction and minor restrictions on the feature space enable accurate sentiment classiﬁcation (up to 95% of the test corpus) that outperforms similar work.
Fermentative Production of Engineered Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide from Economically Feasible Bacterial Host E. coli GJ1158

Production of antimicrobial peptides has gained lot of significance in the present day research. Most of the recombinant proteins are generally produced from IPTG inducible E. coli BL21(DE3). As an alternative, considering the factors like cost and toxic nature of IPTG, salt inducible Escherichia coli GJ1158 was used in the present study for the production of synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide by fed batch fermentation. This study was conducted to optimize the physico–chemical parameters viz., dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) and nutritional factors viz., carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources on bacterial growth and peptide production. Even after increase in DOC more than 30 % in batch culture has no effect on expression, but significant improvement in fed-batch cultivation was observed beyond 30% DOC. Supplementation of production medium with different pulses of nutrient sources like dextrose mono hydrate, yeast extract and Na2HPO4 enhanced the expression in fed batch fermentation process even without disturbing the cell growth at 40 % DOC. When growth reached 15 g/L of dry cell weight, culture was induced with 150 mM NaCl and further cultured for next 15 hr (16.37 g/L dry cell weight). Approximately, 258 mg/L of pure peptide was obtained by using modified GYEON medium. The peptide thus produced is tested for its antimicrobial activity, devoid of hemolytic activity. The fed-batch fermentation which emphasizes, this was the highest reported concentration of recombinant synthetic peptide from salt inducible expression host till to date, which manages to gratify the present day industrial production of the peptides cost-effectively.
Design and Implementation of Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Wireless Applications

Modern communication devices require antennas for different applications such as Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, WiMAX, WLAN, military applications etc. Conventional devices have separate antennas for these different applications which puts burden on the communication system. To cope up with this problem a single antenna with frequency reconfiguration property is designed which can be reconfigured depending upon the required application. The antenna designed in this paper is a compact ($42^{\ast}16\mathrm{mm}^{2}$) monopole antenna which can be reconfigured in seven different bands such as 1.575GHz, 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz, 5GHz, 5.5GHz, 6GHz, 9.2GHz. The designed antenna has three switches and the switching is carried out by using PIN diode SMP1320-079LF which can operate from 10MHz to 10GHz. The compact size of the antenna makes it easy to be used in devices such as tablets, laptops and other devices. The antenna is simulated using CADFEKO 7.0 and the reflection coefficient obtained in each case is well below −10dB. Because of the monopole with DGS structure, the antenna shows an omnidirectional radiation pattern at frequencies up to 5GHz but beyond 5GHz the pattern becomes somewhat directional.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)

Sesamum indicum L. cv. Ozberk was infected with various Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains to screen susceptibility to infection by Agrobacteria. Following infection, tumorigenesis was efficient with wild type A. tumefaciens strains, A281 and A136 NC, and transgenic cells were obtained with disarmed A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404/pBI121, harbouring a reporter gene. At the wound sites, tumorigenesis induced by the succinamopine strain A281 was more extensive than by the octopine strain A136 NC.
Estimators for pairwise relatedness and individual inbreeding coefficients

Method-of-moments estimators (MMEs) for the two-gene coefficients of relationship and inbreeding, and for thxe four-gene Cotterman coefficients, are described. These estimators, which use co-dominant genetic markers, are most appropriate for estimating pairwise relatedness or individual inbreeding coefficients, as opposed to their mean values in a group. This is because, compared to the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), they show reduced small-sample bias and lack distributional assumptions. The ‘efficient’ MME is an optimally weighted average of estimates given by each allele at each locus. Generally, weights must be computed numerically, but if true coefficients are assumed zero, simplifiedestimators are obtained whose relative efficiencies are quite high. Population gene frequency is assumed to be assayed ina larger, ‘reference population’ sample, and the biases introduced by small reference samples and/or genetic drift of the reference population are discussed. Individual-level estimates of relatedness or inbreeding, while displaying high variance, are useful in several applications as a covariate in population studies.
Spring Arrivals of Maine Migratory Breeding Birds: Response to an Extraordinarily Warm Spring

Abstract This paper documents the median spring arrival date of 101 species of Maine migratory breeding birds in 2010 compared to their normal arrival from 1994–2011. The spring of 2010 was uniformly warmer for March, April, and May (monthly departures of 2.0 to 4.0 °C above the mean value). The 101 species showed a strong response to the warm spring, with 86 species arriving earlier, only 12 arriving later, and 3 showing no difference in arrival date from the 17-year median. The strongest response was by leaf-gleaning birds; all 30 species arrived earlier in 2010.
Localization of GABAA receptor subunits α1, α3, β1, β2/3, γ1, and γ2 in the salamander retina

Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that γ‐aminobutyric acid receptors type A (GABAA) mediate important information processing in the retinas of salamander and other vertebrates. The pharmacology and physiology of GABAA receptors depend on their subunit composition. We studied the localization of GABAA receptor subunit isoforms α1, α3, β1, β2/3 (antibody BD‐17 and 62‐3G1), γ1, and γ2 in salamander retina with immunocytochemical methods. All three β‐subunit antibodies labeled similarly in the outer retina, especially the inner segments and synaptic terminals of rod photoreceptors (identified with protein kinase C). Somatic labeling was observed in cell bodies of some horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Puncta were present throughout the inner plexiform layer (IPL) for β1 and 62‐3G1, but not for BD‐17. α1‐immunoreactivity (IR) stained a population of presumed OFF rod‐dominated bipolar cells, including dendrites, soma, and axon terminals in the distal IPL. A subtype of GABAergic amacrine cell also expressed α1‐IR, with puncta sparsely distributed at the distal and proximal margins of the IPL. Both the OPL and IPL were labeled throughout for α3‐IR, as opposed to the narrow distribution of α1‐IR in the IPL, suggesting that the two α‐subunits are localized at different synaptic sites. Punctate γ1‐IR was observed in the OPL and IPL, whereas γ2 was most prominent in cone photoreceptors (identified with calbindin), including the terminal telodendria, in cell bodies of some horizontal cells, amacrine cells, cells in the GCL, and less intensely in the IPL. In addition, several subunits were present in Müller cells. The differential labeling suggests the existence of GABAA receptor subtypes with different subunit compositions that mediate multiple GABAergic functions in salamander retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:440–453, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and evaluation of physicochemical properties of cross‐linked Phaseolus aconitifolius starch

Highly substituted moth bean starch (MBS) phosphate ester was synthesized using POCl3 as cross-linking reagent. Titrimetric and FT-IR spectral analysis was used to characterize the substitution. The physicochemical properties of cross-linked moth bean starch (CLMBS) were done by using X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling study at various temperatures. The change in starch morphology was done using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and found that it lost its crystallinity after cross-linking. The results revealed that crystalline nature of native MBS was transformed into amorphous after cross-linking. TGA report exhibited higher thermal stability, which make it suitable for various industrial applications. Swelling behavior showed high swelling at low temperatures (30 and 60°C) as compared to at high temperature (90°C).
Interference from a game theoretical perspective: Shore crabs suffer most from equal competitors

In virtually all natural systems, interference competition among individuals is asymmetric. Here, we used game theoretical models on contest behavior to predict how time lost in agonistic interactions could affect strength of interference under asymmetric competition. We hypothesized that interference through time lost in agonistic interactions would result in a greater reduction in available foraging time and overall feeding rate under symmetric competition than under asymmetric competition. We tested this hypothesis for male shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) that foraged on mussels (Mytilus edulis) in an experiment where prey levels were kept constant. We varied absolute size of crabs (juveniles, small adults, large adults), mussel density (4, 16, 32 per 0.25 m-super-2), and competitor size (smaller, equal, larger). Large adults spent more time in aggressive behaviors than juveniles or small adults, possibly because large adults were more persistent in interfering or because large adults were intrinsically more aggressive, as the experiment was conducted in the mating season. When handling prey, crabs mostly avoided competitors, but juveniles and small adults did so more than large adults. When searching for prey, crabs mostly displaced smaller competitors but threatened or avoided size-matched or larger competitors. By avoiding a competitor, the focal crab lost time but the competitor often did not, and this asymmetry in agonistic behavior is not yet incorporated in models on contest behavior. However, overall, negative effects of others were strongest with size-matched competitors, in line with our hypothesis. Copyright 2007.
Aquatic vegetation and hydrology of a braided river floodplain

The response of aquatic vegetation to the complex hydrology of a river floodplain was investigated on a stretch of former braided channels of the Rhone River near Lyon, France, which is fed by three different water inputs: underground water, surface flow from a small tributary and river overflow during spates. Water temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate content were measured monthly at seven sampling stations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of these data revealed two gradients: a gradient of spatial heterogeneity and a gradient of temporal fluctuations. A PCA of samples based on substrate grain size, flow velocity, channel width and depth, height and shade of bank vegetation suggested the division of the braided system into four zones. Along these former channels, the vegetation varies from communities with Potamogeton coloratus of nutrient-poor water, to meso-eutraphent communities with Callitriche platycarpa, Elodea canadensis, and Ranunculus trichophyllus. Correspondence Analysis (CA) of the floristic data revealed four zones. Regarding the habitat parameters investigated, one zone is assumed to be linked to the instability and the nutrient inputs of a former channel (running water from the tributary and flood disturbances), while another is linked to the stability and nutrient-poor conditions of the other former channel (supplied by underground water). The other two zones are considered as ecotones, each of them occurring in a former channel, upstream of the confluences. The location as well as the floristic and functional differences between these two ecotones are discussed.
Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) communities on the gills of roach in three lakes in Central Finland

SUMMARY Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) species were studied on the gills of roach (Rutilus rutilus) from a total of 293 fish in 3 interconnected lakes in Central Finland. One of the lakes is eutrophic and polluted by a paper and pulp mill, one is eutrophic and one is oligotrophic. Nine Dactylogyrus species were found. The structure of the monogenean communities was analysed at the component and infracommunity level and the Dactylogyrus fauna of the lakes was compared. Although it was found that the component communities tended to be very similar there were also differences. The abundance and diversity were highest in the polluted lake; the infracommunities of this lake were considerably more often dominated by Dactylogyrus micracanthus and the similarities between the infracommunities were higher within the lakes than between the lakes. It is suggested that these differences are due to the differing water quality of the lakes. The nature of the monogenean community, its possible interactivity, is also discussed.
USE OF PROSTAGLANDIN (PGF2α) TO INDUCE OESTRUS IN POSTPARTUM SAHIWAL COWS

Twenty-four postpartum Sahiwal cows that did not show oestrus upto 85 days postpartum were randomly divided into two equal groups, A and B. Group A cows were injected 2 ml Prostavet injection containing 5 mg Etiproston, a synthetic analogue of PGF2α (Virbac, France) intramuscularly at day 85 postpartum on chronological basis of calving dates without palpation. A second injection was given 11 days later to those cows that did not respond to first injection. A third injection was given at 118 days postpartum to those cows that had not responded to 1 st and 2 nd injection of PGF2α and did not show oestrus. The cows in group B were not given any treatment and served as control. The cows found in oestrus were artificially inseminated 12 hours after the detection of oestrus. The cumulative oestrus response was higher (66.66%) in group A than in group B (25%). Similarly, in group A the behavioral symptoms and physical changes were more pronounced as compared to group B. Mean (± SE) interval from treatment to onset of oestrus in group A was 96 ± 15.08 hours whereas, mean interval to oestrus from beginning of experiment was 25.0 ± 1.0 days in group B. Statistically non significant difference was observed in the mean duration of oestrus (23.25 ± 1.99 vs. 20.33 ± 1.45 hours) between animals of the two groups. However, a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed for the mean calving to first oestrus interval (89 ± 0.62 vs. 110 ± 0.19 days) in groups A and B. From the results, it is concluded that PGF2α is useful for treatment of unobserved oestrus in postpartum Sahiwal cows.
Application of the Evolutionary Programming for Indirect Evaluation of Blood Pressure based on Heart Rate Variability Parameters

The article presents results of testing the hypothesis that it is possible to predicting the blood pressure using features of the heart rate variability. The hypothesis is based on the previous results associated with the task of arterial hypertension diagnostics by means of heart rate variability. For data, one of the PhysioNet collection is used, which contains simultaneously recorded biomedical signals. The evolutionary programming algorithm, which was successfully used in previous tasks, is updated to solve regression task. The presented results show that evolutionary programming can find such set of heart rate variability parameters that can be used for prediction of blood pressure, taking into account calibration data. Comparison with the state-of-art has been done. It was noted that using heart rate variability is a distinctive feature of the proposed approach. It is discussed that some additional data, such as gender, age, anthropomorphic features, as well as parameters of the raw electrocardiography signals can be used to improve results. The future work plans are discussed.
Evaluation of fungicides for control of Sphaeropsis shoot blight of red pine nursery seedlings.

A nursery study was conducted to evaluate possible chemical alternatives to the fungicide benomyl for control of shoot blight caused by Sphaeropsissapinea (Fr.: Fr.) Dyko & Sutton in Sutton on red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.). Replicated plots of seedlings in their first or second growing seasons were treated either weekly or biweekly with one of the following materials (or combinations): benomyl; thiophanate-methyl; mancozeb; thiophanate-methyl + mancozeb; chlorothalonil; copper; myclobutanil; myclobutanil + thiophanate-methyl; water (control). Plots were located in three complete blocks at increasing distances from an inoculum source, diseased trees in a red pine windbreak. Percentages of seedlings affected by shoot blight were determined by examination in late fall. Analyses of variance indicated significant treatment and block effects (p < 0.0001) on disease incidence. The most effective materials applied either weekly or biweekly to seedlings of either age were the systemics benomyl and thiophanate-meth.
Forage Production and Nutritive Value of Oat in Autumn and Early Summer

Oat (Avena sativa L.) grown for forage in the northern USAusually is sown in spring and harvested in early summer, with rapid decline in quality after boot stage. This study was conducted to determine if there are differences in forage yield and forage quality between summer sown–autumn harvested and spring sown–early summer harvested oat, and to determine whether seasonal effect is similar among oat cultivars that vary in maturity classification. Oat was sown in summer 2001 and spring 2002 at two locations in Wisconsin and harvested in autumn and earlysummer,respectively.OatsowninAugustproduced6. 7Mgha 21 of forage when harvested 77 d later, about 1.0 Mg ha 21 less than that obtained from spring sown oat harvested 77 d after sowing. Autumn forageyieldwas similar among oatcultivars due todecreasingdaylength and temperature. Maturation of summer-sown oat was delayed, resulting in 10 to 15% less neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 18% greater digestibility, and 250% greater water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration than spring-sown oat. High WSC levels are of particular importance since oat forage harvested in autumn will likely be stored as silage due to poor drying conditions in autumn. Differences in forage quality among cultivars and between spring and autumn oat forage are associated with maturity differences. Oat sown in late summer, and especially the leafy, late maturing cultivar ForagePlus, can supplement high quality forage production in autumn.
Induced expression of defence-related genes in barley is specific to aphid genotype

Understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond to attack is of great ecological and economic importance. When phloem-feeding insects feed they can influence the expression of defence-related genes in the plant. While it is well-documented that the genotype of the feeding insect can influence plant fitness traits, thus far the effect of insect genotype on the induction of defence-related genes in the plant has had relatively little attention. To investigate the molecular specificity of plant–insect interactions, the model plant Hordeum vulgare was exposed to four different genotypes of the aphid Sitobion avenae. When the plants were previously exposed to a specific aphid genotype, the population growth of other aphid genotypes was reduced. A global gene expression study of the barley genome showed that these effects can occur indirectly through physiological changes in the plant. We found 1018 transcripts to be differentially induced by different aphid genotypes, with some specific to one aphid genotype. This work identifies core and genotype-specific plant response genes to aphids and supports the notion that the genotypic composition of the herbivore population can trigger the transcription of different defence-related genes in the host plant, thus affecting the population structure of these herbivores and potentially the wider ecological community.
Climate Change and Wheat Production in Drought Prone Areas of Bangladesh – A Technical Efficiency Analysis

The present study aims at measuring the technical efficiency of wheat production under changing climate in drought prone areas of Bangladesh. The study employed farm level cross sectional data taken from 100 farmers using purposive random sampling technique from three upazilas of Thakurgoan district of Bangladesh. The study considered two successive years 2006 and 2007 as drought and normal year respectively on the basis of farmers’ opinion and information collected from meteorological station. Semi-logarithmic regression model with dummy variable was used to estimate production variability of wheat due to drought. The findings showed that wheat production decreased by 17.4 percent on an average due to drought occurrence in the study areas. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used to determine the technical efficiency of the wheat growers and the factors which influence technical efficiency in wheat production. The empirical results of technical efficiency model showed that the effects of seed, pesticide, tillage, irrigation and fertilizer costs were significant in the production of wheat. Education, family size, farming experience, credit, extension- contact and farm size had negative effects on technical inefficiency of farmers which indicates that technical inefficiency decreases with the increase of these factors in both normal and drought years. The mean technical efficiencies were 67.00 and 86.40 percent in normal and drought years respectively. The results also indicate a good potential for increasing wheat production by 33 and 14 percent in normal and drought years respectively using the available resources and technology. Wheat farmers should give more attention to their farming practices and should take rationale decision for using farm resources efficiently.