Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconciling seascape genetics and fisheries science in three codistributed flatfishes

Uncertainty hampers innovative mixed‐fisheries management by the scales at which connectivity dynamics are relevant to management objectives. The spatial scale of sustainable stock management is species‐specific and depends on ecology, life history and population connectivity. One valuable approach to understand these spatial scales is to determine to what extent population genetic structure correlates with the oceanographic environment. Here, we compare the level of genetic connectivity in three codistributed and commercially exploited demersal flatfish species living in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Population genetic structure was analysed based on 14, 14 and 10 neutral DNA microsatellite markers for turbot, brill and sole, respectively. We then used redundancy analysis (RDA) to attribute the genetic variation to spatial (geographical location), temporal (sampling year) and oceanographic (water column characteristics) components. The genetic structure of turbot was composed of three clusters and correlated with variation in the depth of the pycnocline, in addition to spatial factors. The genetic structure of brill was homogenous, but correlated with average annual stratification and spatial factors. In sole, the genetic structure was composed of three clusters, but was only linked to a temporal factor. We explored whether the management of data poor commercial fisheries, such as in brill and turbot, might benefit from population‐specific information. We conclude that the management of fish stocks has to consider species‐specific genetic structures and may benefit from the documentation of the genetic seascape and life‐history traits.
Vitamin D and Clinical Cancer Outcomes: A Review of Meta‐Analyses

The relationship between vitamin D status or supplementation and cancer outcomes has been examined in several meta‐analyses. To address remaining knowledge gaps, we conducted a systematic overview and critical appraisal of pertinent meta‐analyses. For meta‐analyses of trials, we assessed their quality using AMSTAR‐2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews), strength of associations using umbrella review methodology and credibility of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) criteria. Meta‐analyses of observational studies reported inverse associations of 25OHD with risk of cancer incidence and cancer mortality and, particularly for colorectal cancer, fulfilled some of Bradford‐Hill's causation criteria. In meta‐analyses of trials, vitamin D supplementation did not affect cancer incidence. However, we found credible evidence that vitamin D supplementation reduced total cancer mortality risk, with five out of six meta‐analyses reporting a relative risk (RR) reduction of up to 16%: RR, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74–0.95). The strength of the association, however, was classified as weak. This was true among meta‐analyses of high, moderate, and lower quality (AMSTAR‐2–rated). Trials did not include large numbers of vitamin D‐deficient participants; many tested relatively low doses and lacked sufficiently powered data on site‐specific cancers. In conclusion, meta‐analyses show that, although observational evidence indicates that low vitamin D status is associated with a higher risk of cancer outcomes, randomized trials show that vitamin D supplementation reduces total cancer mortality, but not cancer incidence. However, trials with larger proportions of vitamin D‐insufficient participants and longer durations of follow‐up, plus adequately powered data on site‐specific common cancers, would provide further insight into the evidence base. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON SOME BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS

Objective: In order to examine the interactions of some benzamide derivatives, which are thought to exhibit anti-cancer activity, with human Topo I and IIα enzymes at the molecular level, docking studies were carried out on these enzymes. Material and Method: In conducting the docking studies, the protein was selected from the protein data bank for Topo I (1K4T) and for Topo IIα (5GWK). Doking was performed with the CDocker method using the Discovery studio 3.5 program, and the binding energies of benzamide derivatives to enzymes were calculated and their molecular interactions were revealed. Result and Discussion: As a result of the docking process on Topo I and IIα, it was found that benzamide derivative compounds have higher affinity for Topo IIα enzyme. For Topo I compounds 4N6, 5N5; for Topo IIa compounds 5N3, 5N7 have been identified as promising compounds in terms of anticancer activity.
A Cost-Quality Beneficial Cell Selection Approach for Sparse Mobile Crowdsensing With Diverse Sensing Costs

The Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile techniques enable real-time sensing for urban computing systems. By recruiting only a small number of users to sense data from selected subareas (namely, cells), sparse mobile crowdsensing (MCS) emerges as an effective paradigm to reduce sensing costs for monitoring the overall status of a large-scale area. The current sparse MCS solutions reduce the sensing subareas (by selecting the most informative cells) based on the assumption that each sample has the same cost, which is not always realistic in the real world, as the cost of sensing in a subarea can be diverse due to many factors, e.g., the condition of the device, location, and routing distance. To address this issue, we proposed a new cell selection approach consisting of three steps (information modeling, cost estimation, and cost-quality beneficial cell selection) to further reduce the total costs and improve the task quality. Specifically, we discussed the properties of the optimization goals and modeled the cell selection problem as a solvable biobjective optimization problem under certain assumptions and approximations. Then, we presented two selection strategies, i.e., the Pareto optimization selection (POS) and generalized cost-benefit greedy (GCB-GREEDY) selection along with our proposed cell selection algorithm. Finally, the superiority of our cell selection approach is assessed through four real-life urban monitoring data sets (Parking, Flow, Traffic, and Humidity) and three cost maps (independent identically distributed with dynamic cost map, monotonic with dynamic cost map, and spatial-correlated cost map). Results show that our proposed selection strategies POS and GCB-GREEDY can save up to 15.2% and 15.02% sample costs and reduce the inference errors to a maximum of 16.8% (15.5%) compared to the baseline-query by committee (QBC) in a sensing cycle. The findings show important implications in sparse MCS for urban context properties.
Gas Diffusion Simulation Based on Ensemble Approach

— The 4th 1 industrial revolution is promoting manufacturing industry to be vitalized again. The manufacturing industry requires many industrial materials. Among them, different gases are also used in many fields. While they are useful, industrial gases can be also hazardous at the same time. In order to control those bad features of gases, their dynamic characteristics are required to be understood. In this paper we tried to understand the characteristics by applying several machine learning methods such as MLP, DLP and LSTM. Two ensemble methods are applied to compensate the lack of raw data. Simulation outputs are compared each other to know which method is proper for this case.
Taxonomic Status and the Phylogenetic Placement of Amphisbaena leucocephala Peters, 1878 (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae)

Abstract. Since 1965, Amphisbaena leucocephala Peters, 1878 has been considered species inquirenda due to overlap in meristic data between it and A. pretrei and the the low number of specimens available for analysis. Herein, based on recently collected specimens, we review its taxonomic status through morphological and genetic data. Both analyses recovered A. leucocephala as a distinct species, sister to, but widely divergent from, A. pretrei. It is characterized by having 10–13 precloacal pores, 231–246 body annuli, 25–29 caudal annuli, autotomy site at the 6th–8th caudal annulus, 17–22 dorsal, and 20–23 ventral segments at midbody.
Effect of Flaxseed Flour and Xanthan Gum on Gluten-Free Cake Properties

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of incorporation of xanthan gum and flaxseed flour on physicochemical, antioxidant properties and qualities of gluten-free layer cake replaced rice flour up to 60%. The incorporation of flaxseed flour increased crude protein, crude fat, ash and α-linolenic acid (increase up to 14.67% of total fatty acid with the replacement of 60% rice flour). Replacement of rice flour with flaxseed flour can mitigate the rate of hardness increase in gluten-free layer cakes. Significantly higher total phenolics content (114% increase), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (124% increase) and reducing power (213% increase) was observed in the addition of flaxseed flour comparing to rice flour layer cake. 60% Flaxseed flour supplemented cake resulted in higher batter viscosity but lower crust and crumb white index, batter density, center height, volume index and symmetry index of gluten-free layer cake. Sensory evaluation showed rice flour gluten-free layer cake with 0.8% xanthan gum addition had higher aroma, texture, flavor and overall acceptability followed by 40% flaxseed flour replaced cake. Incorporation of 40% flaxseed flour results in better characteristics gluten-free layer cakes and it is feasible for gluten-free cake application.
The Possible Risk of Reverse Zoonosis in COVID-19: An Epidemiological Driving Approach for the One Health Future Challenges: A Review

The emerging coronaviral infection named as COVID-19 was officially declared as pandemic on 11, March 2020 by WHO. It has so far been reported from 215 countries or territories affecting about twenty seven million people infected globally. The novel attributes on COVID-19 with sporadic reports on animal, alarms the future chances of animal mediated COVID-19 transmission. Despite lockdown in two-third of the global population, health officials are worried about the risky nature of animal infection in the current pandemic situation. The reverse zoonotic index cases in the current epidemic reported sporadically in animals through infected humans. Reported evidence suggests that bat as the major reservoir involved in COVID-19. However, still, the role of intermediate host involvement in the human COVID-19 transmission from the bat is not yet understood. It is clear that humans play a potent source of infection to transmit the disease to other humans and animals. A literature survey was conducted to a) understand the level of animal’s involvement in COVID19 pandemic and b) to measure the amount of risk of reverse zoonoses in pet animals, exposed animals etc. The epidemiological investigation suggested the need for strong surveillance on the human-animal interface area with strict advisory measures to combat this dangerous disease transmission to humans and other animals. Hence understanding animal’s role in the current pandemic is of prime importance in devising preparedness and control strategies through unique one health approach. In implementing suitable research protocol at animal-human interface along with environment by devising appropriate control strategies will reduce the future reverse zoonosis risk in the current pandemic through a holistic one health drive.
Vascular plant diversity structures bryophyte colonization in experimental grassland

QUESTIONS: Numerous grassland biodiversity experiments have explored how plant diversity influences colonization by vascular plants, but no such studies have examined how sown vascular plant diversity structures colonization by bryophytes, which can contribute greatly to grassland diversity. LOCATION: Grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment), Germany. METHODS: We studied bryophyte composition in experimental grasslands encompassing a gradient of vascular plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species), functional group richness and composition (one to four; grasses, legumes, tall herbs, small herbs) as well as in additional bare ground and spontaneously colonized plots and semi‐natural control meadows. RESULTS: Increasing vascular plant species richness and functional group richness as well as the presence of legume species decreased bryophyte species richness and increased the spatial variability of this richness. Bryophyte species richness and cover responded positively to grass presence, which also decreased the spatial variability of both. The proportion of acrocarpous species was largest in bare ground plots and decreased with increasing vascular plant species richness and with grass and legume presence. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling revealed that bryophyte species composition followed the gradient in sown vascular plant species richness and was dependent on grass and legume presence. The effect of plant diversity on bryophytes was only partly attributable to increased vascular plant species cover. Bryophyte habitat indicator values suggested that conditions in communities of higher vascular plant diversity that included grasses were more shady, moist and nutrient‐rich than in communities with lower vascular plant diversity and without grasses, whereas bryophyte assemblages in communities with legumes indicated well‐lit nutrient‐rich conditions. Even after 6 yr, bryophyte species richness and cover was considerably lower in experimental grasslands than in semi‐natural meadows, suggesting a role for dispersal limitation or habitat filtering. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that bryophyte colonization is not random, rather it is structured by vascular plant species diversity and composition. Not all components of a plant community respond positively to increased vascular plant diversity and advocating increased richness of one taxonomic group over another in grassland may reduce net species diversity.
Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with AIDS: A Case Study

Vulvar cancer comprises 5% of gynecological cancers with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being found in 90% of the cases. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven and is the precursor lesion in nearly 40% of all cases of vulvar SCC. Pruritus is reported as the most common initial manifestation of vulvar SCC which may be of a long duration with pain, discharge, and bleeding been less frequently reported which contributes to the delayed initial presentation of the disease. So far, there are no recommended screening strategies for vulvar cancer and HPV vaccination may be the only effective way for prevention. We present a case of advanced vulvar cancer in an immunocompromised host. We will review pertinent topics for the clinicians on HPV infection prevention, clinical course, staging and the need for strong efforts on patient education.
15N-Leucine: Health benefits, applications and issues related to ileal endogenous amino acid losses in poultry

Having accurate data for ileal amino acid digestibility of a feed ingredient is one of the ways to enhance protein and nitrogen utilisation, improve poultry feeding efficiency, and mitigate ammonia emission and pollution in the environment. Moreover, the precise estimation of endogenous amino acid losses (EAAL) depends on formulating diets on digestible amino acid (DAA) basis. Numerous methods have been reported to determine the endogenous fractions including the regression method, the protein-free diet, and the total digestible nitrogen diet. The EAAL determined by these techniques can help in calculated corrected values for amino acid digestibility, termed true digestibility. Certain dietary components that can be called ‘specific losses’ could lead to higher losses than the basal calculation would indicate. To determine the basal plus specific losses (total endogenous losses), some researchers suggested the 15N-dilution method, which allows the determination of the actual digestibility. This method needs more studies and evaluations because there are some controversial issues about this methodology, such as the validity of the 15N-dilution technique when applied to any amino acid or to total nitrogen, the reference pool for the estimation of the labelling of endogenous fractions/secretions, anti-nutritional agents, the effect of bird age, mucin, different cereal grains, as well as the marker itself and the proper assessment. This review will be focused on the above issues, finding that the recently reported 15N isotopes single injection method could be an easy, time-saving, consistent, and reliable methodology for EAAL estimation in poultry.
Reclaiming constructive alignment

ABSTRACT Constructive Alignment (CA) is neither the panacea, nor the unalloyed evil depicted in the majority of higher education discourses. But rather, the theory is a heuristic and accessible representation of commonly agreed upon aspects of modern curriculum and educational theory, designed explicitly to support learning and teaching. However, when imposed top-down for accountability purposes, or used as a quality assurance tool, the seemingly step-by-step simplicity that gives it an administrative potential can also diminish or even destroy its relevance as an educational tool. For these reasons CA and particularly learning outcomes are often vilified amongst academic staff as a pernicious influence on learning and teaching. It has been argued that the mechanistic use of alignment and learning outcomes for validation and audit purposes can create an illusion of quality control which bears little relation to the reality of teaching practice and student learning. This paper explores the tensions that have been created as constructive alignment has journeyed and expanded from an educational theory into Higher Education teaching policy and practice. The purpose is to reclaim its original perspective as a tool for professional academic teaching.
A Bayesian Representation of the Storm Approach Probability Based on Operational Track Forecast Errors

This study provides a statistical review on the forecast errors of tropical storm tracks and suggests a Bayesian procedure for updating the uncertainty about the error. The forecast track errors are assumed to form an axisymmetric bivariate normal distribution on a two-dimensional surface. The parameters are a mean vector and a covariance matrix, which imply the accuracy and precision of the operational forecast. A Bayesian method improves quantifying the varying parameters in the bivariate normal distribution. A normal-inverse-Wishart distribution is employed to determine the posterior distribution (i.e., the weights on the parameters). Based on the posterior distribution, the predictive probability density of track forecast errors is obtained as the marginal distribution. Here, “storm approach” is defined for any location within a specified radius of a tropical storm. Consequently, the storm approach probability for each location is derived through partial integration of the marginal distribution within the forecast storm radius. The storm approach probability is considered a realistic and effective representation of storm warning for communicating the threat to local residents since the location-specific interpretation is available on a par with the official track forecast.
Glutathione peroxidase 4 regulates autophagy and cell death during erythropoiesis

Maintaining cellular redox balance is vital for cell survival and tissue homeostasis since imbalanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to oxidative stress and cell death. Oxidative stress has been linked to several disorders; however, underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Erythrocytes are especially highly sensitive to ROS accumulation due to their physiological function in oxygen transport. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress in erythroid cells often results in shortened life span of red blood cells and in hemolysis. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), one of the most important ROS scavenging selenoproteins, is a unique antioxidant enzyme that can directly reduce phospholipid hydroperoxide in mammalian cells. Using mice with a hematopoietic specific deletion of GPx4, it is demonstrated that GPx4 is essential for reticulocyte maturation. Loss of GPx4 in erythroid cells results in ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation leading to impaired reticulocyte maturation and subsequently to anemia. Additional deficiency of vitamin E leads to further elevation of anemia proposing that vitamin E plays a critical role to compensate impaired erythropoiesis in the absence of GPx4. Moreover, autophagy, which is potentially a counteracting mechanism to oxidative stress, is impaired due to GPx4 depletion. Also, caspase 8, one of the main regulatory elements of cell death execution, is inhibited due to glutathionylation. In combination with impaired autophagy and functional inhibition of caspase 8, GPx4 ablation triggers RIP1/RIP3 dependent necroptosis. Inhibition of necroptosis normalizes reticulocyte maturation and reverts anemia. Interestingly, necroptosis occurs independent of upstream activators such as TNFα and FasL. The model proposes a novel receptor-independent pathway for the initiation of necroptosis that is initiated trough the enhanced accumulation of ROS and formation of lipid peroxides as activators of RIP1/RIP3. Collectively, these results suggest that ROS and lipid peroxidation impair autophagy, functionally inhibit caspase 8 and induce necroptosis. Moreover, the data reveal the critical role of GPx4 and vitamin E in erythropoiesis.
Quality Evaluation Of Digital Holographic Data Encoded On The Object Plane Using State Of The Art Codecs

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the various formats of plenoptic information, including digital holograms. However, the reduced number of studies on holographic data quality assessment results in a difficult analysis of the effects caused by any type of post-processing procedures, like lossy compression. In this work, several state of the art compression codecs, namely HEVC, AV1, and JPEG2000, are applied to the digital holographic data complex representation on the reconstruction plane. Both computer generated and experimental holograms are considered. The perceptual quality of the amplitude is evaluated to measure the quality degradation at four different bit rates. The performance of a selection of quality metrics is also tested.