Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Fuel-Cycle Emissions per Passenger Mile from Multiple Bus and Rail Technologies

This paper examines the fuel-cycle passenger-mile emissions from multiple bus and rail technologies using a travel-activity-based bottom-up approach. There is abundant literature on transit's emissions savings, but most prior studies rely on the top-down fuel consumption approach. While the top-down approach paints a broad picture of transit emissions on a national or regional level, it cannot reflect changes in emissions as a function of operational characteristics such as passenger loading. It is also difficult to estimate passenger-mile emissions of new vehicle/fuel technologies for which fuel economy data are hard to obtain using the top-down approach. This paper develops a unified load-based methodology framework that compares fuel-cycle passenger-mile emissions across transit technologies, including alternative fuels and advanced technologies. The methodology reflects the intricate trade-offs between the increased total emissions and decreased passenger-mile emissions as passenger load increases under specific local meteorological and route settings. Using the load-based methodology, the paper demonstrates the varying levels of emissions savings of transit fuels and technologies giving different passenger loadings scenarios. The methodology presented in this paper serves as the foundation of a transit emissions calculator currently under development. The calculator will prove instrumental for local transit agencies to compare fuel/technology alternatives in terms of emissions savings.
12.2: Characterization of Dryers for OLED/PLED Applications

Experimental methods for the characterization of dryers for OLED/PLED applications were addressed and results are reported and compared. Different commercially available dryers were tested. It turned out that test conditions can significantly affect the results of the characterization. For example, dryers showing a low total theoretical capacity can, on the contrary, show very good performances if tested using methods and conditions closer to the operating conditions expected to occur inside OLED/PLED devices. The measured sorption performances were used to calculate how water concentration inside a display evolves during lifetime of the device itself. These calculations show the effect and the benefit that can be obtained by the use of a specific dryer. Different measurement methods were compared and considerations for the selection of a suitable charachterization test are given.
Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade Performance Calculations With Incidence Variation and Periodic Unsteady Inflow Conditions

The performance of a Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade were investigated under both steady and periodic unsteady inflow boundary conditions with different Reynolds numbers and a reduced frequency representative of real LPT working conditions. A sensitivity analysis to the variation of the inlet flow angle was performed to assess the performance during off-design operation.The numerical framework is based on a steady/unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS/URANS) flow solver which includes some state-of-the-art transition-sensitive turbulence closures. Boundary conditions for the time-accurate computations upstream of the cascade were derived from the experimental characterization of a moving bar system used to generate the wake periodic perturbations.The computed performance of the cascade, as a function of Reynolds number and incidence angle variation, is discussed in comparison with experimental data. Steady and unsteady boundary layer quantities are also compared with measurements in order to gain more insights into the loss generation process and to better support the numerical results. Such an assessment proves that the proposed procedure is adequate for the analysis of the off-design behavior of cascades operating in low pressure turbine conditions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
A molecular view of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through the lens of interaction network modules

Background Despite the discovery of familial cases with mutations in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP) and RNA-binding protein FUS as well as a number of other genes linked to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of this devastating disease is still not understood. As proteins do not act alone, conducting an analysis of ALS at the system level may provide new insights into the molecular biology of ALS and put it into relationship to other neurological diseases. Methods A set of ALS-associated genes/proteins were collected from publicly available databases and text mining of scientific literature. We used these as seed proteins to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks serving as a scaffold for further analyses. From the collection of networks, a set of core modules enriched in seed proteins were identified. The molecular biology of the core modules was investigated, as were their associations to other diseases. To assess the core modules’ ability to describe unknown or less well-studied ALS biology, they were queried for proteins more recently associated to ALS and not involved in the primary analysis. Results We describe a set of 26 ALS core modules enriched in ALS-associated proteins. We show that these ALS core modules not only capture most of the current knowledge about ALS, but they also allow us to suggest biological interdependencies. In addition, new associations of ALS networks with other neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease were found. A follow-up analysis of 140 ALS-associated proteins identified since 2014 reveals a significant overrepresentation of new ALS proteins in these 26 disease modules. Conclusions Using protein-protein interaction networks offers a relevant approach for broadening the understanding of the biological context of known ALS-associated genes. Using a bottom-up approach for the analysis of protein-protein interaction networks is a useful method to avoid bias caused by over-connected proteins. Our ALS-enriched modules cover most known biological functions associated with ALS. The presence of recently identified ALS-associated proteins in the core modules highlights the potential for using these as a scaffold for identification of novel ALS disease mechanisms.
Different numerical methods for electromagnetic field computation with thin shielding sheets

The disturbance of sensitive measurement and control equipment by electromagnetic fields is a central problem in electromagnetic compatibility. A removal or reduction of such a disturbance is achieved by thin shielding sheets, the optimum design of which nowadays can be found by numerical methods. This paper describes the principles of three new methods for this task. The first method is the conventional hybrid FEM/BEM-method, which analyzes a 3D distribution of the fields numerically in the interior of the shielding sheet as well as in its surroundings. In the case of linear shielding material the 3D discretization can be replaced by a 2D one on the shielding sheet surface in the second and third method. While the second method leads to a more appropriate FEM/BEM formulation for thin shielding sheets than the first one, the third one has the advantage that only a BEM formulation is needed to solve the problem. Some EMC applications and their results illustrate the use of the methods.
Real‐time management of a multipurpose water reservoir with a heteroscedastic inflow model

Stochastic dynamic programming has been extensively used as a method for designing optimal regulation policies for water reservoirs. However, the potential of this method is dramatically reduced by its computational burden, which often forces to introduce strong approximations in the model of the system, especially in the description of the reservoir inflow. In this paper, an approach to partially remedy this problem is proposed and applied to a real world case study. It foresees solving the management problem on‐line, using a reduced model of the system and the inflow forecast provided by a dynamic model. By doing so, all the hydrometeorological information that is available in real‐time is fully exploited. The model here proposed for the inflow forecasting is a nonlinear, heteroscedastic model that provides both the expected value and the standard deviation of the inflow through dynamic relations. The effectiveness of such model for the purpose of the reservoir regulation is evaluated through simulation and comparison with the results provided by conventional homoscedastic inflow models.
Integration of Fault Detection and Identification into a Fault Tolerant Automated Highway System: Final Report

This report concerns vehicle fault detection and identification. A vehicle health monitoring approach based on analytical redundancy is described. Fault detection filters and parity equations use the control commands and sensor measurements to generate the residuals which have a unique static pattern in response to each fault. This allows the faults not only to be detected, but also identified. Sensor noise, process disturbances, system parameter variations, unmodeled dynamics and nonlinearities can distort these static patterns. A Shiryayev sequential probability ratio test that has been extended to multiple hypotheses examines the fault detection filter and parity equation residuals and generates the probability of the presence of a fault. A point design of fault detection filters and parity equations is developed for the longitudinal dynamics of a vehicle. Fault detection filters are evaluated using empirical data. The preliminary evaluation is promising in that the fault detection filters can detect and identify actuator and sensor faults as expected even under various disturbances and uncertainties.
MOBILE ANALYZER: AN ANALYSIS TOOL FOR ANDROID APPS

Android applications continue to dominate the mobile market as time passes. However, software quality of the application remains a challenge. Analysis of the android application has been done by different researchers in the area of security, power consumption and performance of the android application. Source code refactoring has been used in android application to improve power consumption and execution time. In the area of testing that certify the quality of the product to continue keeping the app in the market place, analysis of the application is yet to be explored and research is yet to cover refactoring to improve android application testing. This paper proposes an analysis tool that improves the testing process of the android application. Our analysis tool extends the ApkAnalyzer and refactors the bytecodes generated to reduce the test path thus test cases generated are limited and have efficient coverage.
A Low-Cost Planting Technique for Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.).

Abstract : Transplanting of eelgrass (Zostera marina) has undergone considerable experimental study in the last decade, but with limited practical application. A new technique has been developed using bundles of mature, vegetative shoots of eelgrass washed free of sediment and anchored in the bottom. Using this technique, planting units have been successfully established in high (1.6 feet per second) and low (1.6 feet per second) current regimes on grids of 2.0 and 2.6 feet, respectively. The production-line efficiency of the technique greatly reduces planting costs. Methods developed for selecting wild planting stock and anchoring planting units greatly increases planting success across the range of current velocities in which eelgrass is found. (Author)
IMPLEMENTING QUESTION-ANSWER RELATIONSHIPS (QAR) STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION SKILL

This action research was conducted to highlight how far the improvement of students’ reading comprehension skill after being treated by implementing QAR strategy and to find out the advantages when QAR is implemented in teaching reading comprehension. The research was organized at SMA Negeri 1 Rangkasbitung, Lebak - Banten. The subject of the research was the eleventh grade students, class IPS3. The design of it was an action research by covering three cycles, and every cycle consists of five meetings. Planning, acting, observing, and reflecting were implemented in every cycle to get a clear data. The research applied two sorts of data collecting: qualitative and quantitative data. Observation, recording, and interview were conducted to obtain qualitative data, while the quantitative data was gained through test. The research finding reflected that implementing Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) Strategy can help students in comprehending the text while answering the questions. The students were able to categorize the questions as well to avoid spending too much time while finding the answer. The implementation of QAR Strategy in teaching-learning process was getting better cycle to cycle, the students were energetic, active, enthusiastic, and felt much more confident to take a part in reading learning activity eventually. It showed that teacher’s teaching strategy had positive impact to students’ reading comprehension, and could arouse students’ motivation and participation as well to learn which greatly influenced their reading comprehension skill. It is helpful for teacher as a framework for directing questioning activities and comprehension instruction in pre-, while-, and post-reading. Implementing QAR in reading comprehension can ensure that it does not only focus on lower-level skills and question but in high level as well and it can motivate students to think critically and creatively. Considering QAR is helpful and beneficial for both teacher and students, the institution may implement QAR for any grades and school subjects in order to make students familiar with higher-level question. Therefore, it will be no longer difficult to comprehend the text for students who have been treated by implementing QAR.
A new nonparametric interpoint distance-based measure for assessment of clustering

A new interpoint distance-based measure is proposed to identify the optimal number of clusters present in a data set. Designed in nonparametric approach, it is independent of the distribution of given data. Interpoint distances between the data members make our cluster validity index applicable to univariate and multivariate data measured on arbitrary scales, or having observations in any dimensional space where the number of study variables can be even larger than the sample size. Our proposed criterion is compatible with any clustering algorithm and can be used to determine the unknown number of clusters or to assess the quality of the resulting clusters for a data set. Demonstration through synthetic and real-life data establishes its superiority over the well-known clustering accuracy measures of the literature.
A PC-based magnetometer-only attitude and rate determination system for gyroless spacecraft

This paper describes a prototype PC-based system that uses measurements from a three-axis magnetometer (TAM) to estimate the state (three-axis attitude and rates) of a spacecraft given no a priori information other than the mass properties. The system uses two algorithms that estimate the spacecraft's state - a deterministic magnetic-field only algorithm and a Kalman filter for gyroless spacecraft. The algorithms are combined by invoking the deterministic algorithm to generate the spacecraft state at epoch using a small batch of data and then using this deterministic epoch solution as the initial condition for the Kalman filter during the production run. System input comprises processed data that includes TAM and reference magnetic field data. Additional information, such as control system data and measurements from line-of-sight sensors, can be input to the system if available. Test results are presented using in-flight data from two three-axis stabilized spacecraft: Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) (gyroless, Sun-pointing) and Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) (gyro-based, Earth-pointing). The results show that, using as little as 700 s of data, the system is capable of accuracies of 1.5 deg in attitude and 0.01 deg/s in rates; i.e., within SAMPEX mission requirements.
Optimal design of a traction system using Target Cascading

In this paper, traction system design in carried out with a multilevel optimization technique called Target Cascading. This methodology is based on a hierarchical breaking down and allows solving a problem with multiple parallel optimizations. The large-scale system design problem is usually decomposed into several linked optimization subproblems according to project organization structure. Target Cascading gives a new approach to formulate and to solve the complex system design optimization problem in the electrical field. The problem formulation is more suitable to this kind of problem than conventional methods because it is closer to a work organisation of design engineers.
Examination of U.S. Automotive Paints: I. Make and Model Determination of Hit-and-Run Vehicles by Reflectance Microspectrophotometry

The feasibility of using the Nanometrics DocuSpec I microspectrophotometer for paint analysis was investigated. The reflectance spectra of 15 paint panels of visually similar color from the Reference Collection of Automotive Paints were stored in the DocuSpec computer's memory. Paint samples taken from salvage yard vehicles were compared against this reference library, and in eight out of eleven instances the DocuSpec correctly identified the right panel as a possible source of the paint fragment. The DocuSpec I can be used as a rapid and discriminating screening tool in the determination of the make and model of a hit-and-run vehicle from a paint chip found at the scene.
BVI impulsive noise reduction by higher harmonic pitch control - Results of a scaled model rotor experiment in the DNW

Results are presented of a model rotor acoustics test performed to examine the benefit of higher harmonic control (HHC) of blade pitch to reduce blade-vortex interaction (BVI) impulsive noise. A dynamically scaled, four-bladed, rigid rotor model, a 40-percent replica of the B0-105 main rotor, was tested in the German Dutch Wind Tunnel. Noise characteristics and noise directivity patterns as well as vibratory loads were measured and used to demonstrate the changes when different HHC schedules were applied. Dramatic changes of the acoustic signatures and the noise radiation directivity with the HHC phase variations are found. Compared to the baseline conditions (without HHC), significant mid-frequency noise reductions of locally 6 dB are obtained for low-speed descent conditions where GVI is most intense. For other rotor operating conditions with less intense BVI there is less or no benefit from the use of HHC. LF noise and vibratory loads, especially at optimum noise reduction control settings, are found to increase.
Numerical analysis of jerry can strength under static and dynamic loads

Such material as high-density polyethylene is used for producing jerry cans, fuel tanks, liquid storage and transportation tanks. Significant shortcomings that may arise in the strength analysis of five-liter jerry cans for storing petroleum products were determined. Based on the APPROX software system using the finite element moment scheme, a system that allows the numerical strength analysis of jerry cans of different shapes and sizes, with the possibility to set different physical and mechanical properties of materials, including composite materials, in a particular statics and dynamics problem statement was implemented. A finite-element model of the jerry can was built, and numerical analysis of the strength under static and dynamic loads taking into account the load nature (stacked storage, kick) was performed. As a result of the numerical analysis, the values of the stress-strain state of the jerry can were obtained, and stress concentration zones were identified. The data is important since it allows to determine the optimal wall thickness for this kind of structures and define optimal storage conditions.
Upgrades to the ISS Water Recovery System

The International Space Station Water Recovery System (WRS) is comprised of the Water Processor Assembly (WPA) and the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA). The WRS produces potable water from a combination of crew urine (first processed through the UPA), crew latent, and Sabatier product water. Though the WRS has performed well since operations began in November 2008, several modifications have been identified to improve the overall system performance. These modifications can reduce resupply and improve overall system reliability, which is beneficial for the ongoing ISS mission as well as for future NASA manned missions. The following paper details efforts to reduce the resupply mass of the WPA Multifiltration Bed, develop improved catalyst for the WPA Catalytic Reactor, evaluate optimum operation of UPA through parametric testing, and improve reliability of the UPA fluids pump and Distillation Assembly.
Monolithic integration of silicon CMOS and GaN transistors in a current mirror circuit

GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were monolithically integrated with silicon CMOS to create a functional current mirror circuit. The integrated circuit was fabricated on 100 mm diameter modified silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers incorporating a resistive (111) silicon handle substrate and a lightly doped (100) silicon device layer. In a CMOS-first process, the CMOS was fabricated using the (100) device layer. Subsequently GaN was grown by plasma molecular beam epitaxy in windows on the (111) handle substrate surface without wire growth despite using gallium-rich growth conditions. Transmission lines fabricated on the GaN buffer/SOI wafer exhibited a microwave loss of less than 0.2 dB/mm up to 35 GHz. Direct current measurements on GaN HEMTs yielded a current density of 1.0 A/mm and transconductance of 270 mS/mm. At 10 GHz and a drain bias of 28 V, 1.25 mm long transistors demonstrated a small signal gain of 10.7 dB and a maximum power added efficiency of 53% with a concomitant power of 5.6 W.
Field Experiments on Social Media

Online behavioral data, such as digital traces from social media, have the potential to allow researchers an unprecedented new window into human behavior in ecologically valid everyday contexts. However, research using such data is often purely observational, which limits its usefulness for identifying causal relationships. Here we review recent innovations in experimental approaches to studying online behavior, with a particular focus on research related to misinformation and political psychology. In hybrid lab-field studies, exposure to social-media content can be randomized, and the impact on attitudes and beliefs can be measured using surveys, or exposure to treatments can be randomized within survey experiments, and their impact on subsequent online behavior can be observed. In field experiments conducted on social media, randomized treatments can be administered directly to users in the online environment (e.g., via social-tie invitations, private messages, or public posts) without revealing that they are part of an experiment, and the effects on subsequent online behavior can then be observed. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed, along with practical advice and central ethical constraints on such studies.