Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric exploitation of two echinoid host species by a parasitic pea crab and its consequences for the parasitic life cycle

Exploitation of more than one host species may increase fitness of parasites, but it also shapes their life cycle and evolution. During its post-metamorphic stages, the pea crab Dissodactylus primitivus parasitizes the echinoids Meoma ventricosa and Plagiobrissus grandis with high preva- lence. However, the present study provides evidence that P. grandis is infected by adult crabs only, attesting to an unusual asymmetry in host exploitation. Because of its low population densities, P. grandis could be a secondarily acquired host, and its addition to the crab life cycle could be adap- tive. The latter hypothesis is tested in this study. Choice experiments revealed that adult and juvenile crabs were equally attracted to and able to settle on the 2 hosts. Most adult crab characteristics were not significantly different between the host species, but females living on P. grandis had higher fe- cundity. This asymmetric life cycle, where adult parasites infecting the 2 hosts show different relative fitnesses, looks like a transitory stage as predicted in models which predict the evolution of parasitic complex life cycles. However, this parasite asymmetric exploitation may also be a stable state, which occurs due to insufficient differences in crab fitness between the 2 hosts and the absence of host preference.
Intrusion Detection Systems in Clustering: A Review

: With popularization of internet, internet attack belongings are also increasing, thus information safety has became a important issue all over the world, Nowadays, it is an critical need to detect, identify and hold up such attacks effectively. In this modern world, intrusion occurs in a fraction of seconds and Intruders expertly use the modified version of command and thereby erase their footprints in audit and log files. Successful IDS academically make different both intrusive and nonintrusive records. Most of the existing systems have security breaches that make them purely vulnerable and could not be solved. In this paper, we provide review of various Intrusion Detection Systems in the literature.
The Role of Information in Public Participation

A large body of scientific literature on public participation research evaluates specific methods, describes outcomes and impacts of a process or deals with participants’ and officials’ expectations. Yet, there is surprisingly little work on a key part of most participatory processes that deal with complex issues: the information passed to participants. Topics like Global Warming cannot be grasped easily. Even if global warming is happening very quickly on a geological time scale, for human beings it is not easily perceivable. Such a discrepancy between everyday experiences and scientific knowledge can influence one’s opinion tremendously. Therefore, providing sound information and respecting the power of information is essential for meaningful outcomes of participatory processes. In this paper we examine different communication and information pathways within participatory processes. As the main object of interest, we analyzed ‘World Wide Views on Global Warming’. In this distinct process of information and deliberation, citizens formulated recommendations for the decision makers of the 2009 UN climate summit in Copenhagen and voted on different aspects of how to deal with global warming. Results from this process connected to insights from a literature review, contribute to a refined picture of the role information plays within participatory processes and social learning.
Fluctuation patterns in high-frequency financial asset returns

We introduce a new method for quantifying pattern-based complex short-time correlations of a time series. Our correlation measure is 1 for a perfectly correlated and 0 for a random walk time series. When we apply this method to high-frequency time series data of the German DAX future, we find clear correlations on short time scales. In order to subtract trivial autocorrelation parts from the pattern conformity, we introduce a simple model for reproducing the antipersistent regime and use alternatively level 1 quotes. When we remove the pattern conformity of this stochastic process from the original data, remaining pattern-based correlations can be observed.
Study on Slurry Erosive Wear Behaviour of Al 6061 based Composites

In the present investigation, Titanium di oxide (TiO2) reinforced Al 6061 composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy route. The performance of Al 6061 based Titanium di oxide composites in slurry erosive environment was examined. The slurry consists of equiaxed sand particles of size approximately 600 μm in 3.5%NaCl solution. The slurry erosive wear studies on Al 6061 alloy and Al 6061-TiO2 composites were carried out at different sand concentration, varying rotational speed and at different time duration of exposure. It was observed that slurry erosive weight loss decreased with increase in TiO2 reinforcement. However, there was increase in slurry erosive weight loss with increase in slurry concentration, rotational speed and time duration of exposure.
Atmospheric correction for shortwave spectral imagery based on MODTRAN4

A new, state-of-the-art atmospheric correction algorithm for the solar spectral range has been developed based on the MODTRAN4 code. The primary data products are surface reflectance spectra, column water vapor maps and relative surface elevation maps. In addition, a radiance simulation tool, an automated visibility retrieval algorithm and a spectral 'polishing' algorithm are included. Validations of retrievals have been carried out by analyzing data that encompass a variety of atmospheric and surface conditions. Some results and their implications for atmospheric correction and spectroscopy are discussed.
Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on winter maize in an irrigated agroecosystem in western Indo-Gangetic plains of India

Winter maize is an innovation in Indian cropping systems. It grows 50-60 days longer than rainy-season maize and is a heavy feeder cereal. It lacks proper management of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous. N and P determine the photosynthetic and reproductive capacity of plants. The response of maize to these nutrients is season-dependent and location-specific, but has seldom been studied in winter maize areas in India. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of N and P independently and interactively on winter maize. Maize yield was highest at 240 kg N ha-1, but the yield obtained at 160 kg N ha-1 was comparable. Every kg N applied produced 44.34 kg grain, and the N-use efficiency was reduced with increased N dose (67.4, 38.4, and 27.2 kg grain kg-1 N for 80, 160, and 240 kg N ha-1, respectively). Phosphorus application increased yield up to 26.4 kg ha-1. A combi¬nation of 240 kg N ha-1 and 26.4 kg P ha-1, providing highest gross returns, net returns and net benefit: cost, was most profitable. The economic optimum dose for N and P was 196 kg N ha-1 and 23.4 kg P ha-1, respectively. This study shows that winter maize is responsive to higher levels of N up to 240 kg ha-1 compared to 120 kg N ha-1 recommended for rainy-season maize, but P application at 26.4 kg ha-1 remains same for both the seasons. The study provides recommendation of N and P for winter maize based on economics. The data would be useful for fitting models and simulating yields across the doses of N and P.
NEGWeb: Static defect detection via searching billions of lines of open source code

To find defects in programs, existing approaches mine programming rules as common patterns out of program source code and classify defects as violations of these mined programming rules. However, these existing approaches often cannot surface out many programming rules as common patterns because these approaches mine patterns from only one or a few project code bases. To better support static bug finding based on mining code, we develop a novel framework, called NEGWeb, for substantially expanding the mining scope to billions of lines of open source code based on a code search engine. NEGWeb detects violations related to neglected conditions around individual API calls. We evaluated NEGWeb to detect violations in local code bases or open source code bases. In our evaluation, we show that NEGWeb finds three real defects in Java code reported in the literature and also finds three previously unknown defects in a large-scale open source project called Columba (91, 508 lines of Java code) that reuses 2225 APIs. We also report a high percentage of real rules among the top 25 reported patterns mined for five popular open source applications.
Effects of Being in an Occupation – Is ISCO 1 Digit Classification Enough to Model Wages in Poland?

Contrary to neoclassical assumptions of perfect competition, there is a consensus that factors affecting wages include sex, level of education, age, job experience, occupation, post, work-related responsibility and a whole set of personality traits. The paper presents an econometric model that allows to explain wage differences in Poland and extends analyses of wage determinants in Poland by taking into account occupations broken down in accordance with the 2-digit level of International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). The analysis shows that ISCO 2 digit level is an important and statistically significant determinant of wages in Poland, while models of wages basing on ISCO 1 digit might be not enough to properly capture the role of occupations.
Creative Destruction and Policy Reforms: Changing Productivity Effects of Firm Turnover in Moroccan Manufacturing

How important is firm turnover to national productivity growth? The literature points to the contribution of creative destruction being strongest in more developed countries or where market institutions are strongest. This paper looks at the case of Morocco, spanning 16 years, during which reform initiatives aiming to strengthen market forces were introduced. The paper argues that it is important to take into account i) the timing of how decompositions are structured (capturing the effects of high growth among young firms as part of the benefit of increased entry) and ii) the additional indirect impacts of firm dynamics on agglomeration externalities and competition. The paper shows there are striking differences in the productivity paths of entering and exiting firms compared with incumbents, and that restricting the time horizon of productivity decompositions to the actual year of entry or exit underestimates the productivity effects of turnover. Although it has been hypothesized that conducting decompositions over longer horizons would increase the positive contribution of net turnover, this is not the case in Morocco as losses from exiting firms rise too. Nor has the net contribution of turnover increased with market reforms; if anything, the contribution has declined over time. But the allocation of resources has improved. Both technical and allocative efficiency have risen since the mid-1990s. The paper also shows that firm turnover affects productivity through additional channels. It is closely correlated with measures of agglomeration that are associated with higher rates of exit among unproductive firms, and turnover itself is positively associated with subsequent productivity growth of incumbents.
Link Quality Based Power Efficient Routing Protocol (LQ-PERP)

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in deploying infrastructure-less, self configurable, distributed networks such as Mobile AdHoc Networks (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for applications like emergency management and physical variables monitoring respectively. However, nodes in these networks are susceptible to high failure rate due to battery depletion, environmental changes and malicious destruction. Since each node operates with limited sources of power, energy efficiency is an important metric to be considered for designing communication schemes for MANET and WSN. Energy consumed by nodes in MANET or WSN can be reduced by optimizing the internode transmission power which is uniform even with dynamic routing protocols like AODV. However, the transmission power required for internode communication depends on the wireless link quality which inturn depends on various factors like received signal power, propagation path loss, fading, multi-user interference and topological changes. In this paper, link quality based power efficient routing protocol (LQ-PERP) is proposed which saves the battery power of nodes by optimizing the power during data transmission. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using QualNet network simulator by considering metrics like total energy consumed in nodes, throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and jitter.
A Unidirectional Total Variation and Second-Order Total Variation Model for Destriping of Remote Sensing Images

Remote sensing images often suffer from stripe noise, which greatly degrades the image quality. Destriping of remote sensing images is to recover a good image from the image containing stripe noise. Since the stripes in remote sensing images have a directional characteristic (horizontal or vertical), the unidirectional total variation has been used to consider the directional information and preserve the edges. The remote sensing image contaminated by heavy stripe noise always has large width stripes and the pixels in the stripes have low correlations with the true pixels. On this occasion, the destriping process can be viewed as inpainting the wide stripe domains. In many works, high-order total variation has been proved to be a powerful tool to inpainting wide domains. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a variational destriping model that combines unidirectional total variation and second-order total variation regularization to employ the directional information and handle the wide stripes. In particular, the split Bregman iteration method is employed to solve the proposed model. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Corrected Plug-in Method for Quantile Interval Construction Through a Transformed Regression

We propose a corrected plug-in method for constructing confidence intervals of the conditional quantiles of an original response variable through a transformed regression with heteroscedastic errors. The interval is easy to compute. Factors affecting the magnitude of the correction are examined analytically through the special case of Box–Cox regression. Monte Carlo simulations show that the new method works well in general and is superior over the commonly used delta method and the quantile regression method. An empirical application is presented.
Mycobacterial Infection in Laboratory-Maintained Atlantic Menhaden

Abstract Mycobacteriosis can be a chronic wasting disease found in many species of fish examined from wild-caught, cultured, and aquarium-reared populations. An Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus with an open ulcer from a wild-caught, laboratory-maintained population was sampled for microbiology. Mycobacterium spp. was recovered from the ulcer and M. fortuitum complex was recovered from the spleen of this fish. Subsequently, 20 additional fish were subsampled from this population to determine the prevalence of the infection. Bacteriology samples were taken from the brain, liver, and kidney. Spleens were homogenized and plated on media enriched for mycobacterial growth, full necropsies were performed, and samples were taken for histology. Bacteriology results showed 100% of the fish in the subsample were infected with mycobacteria. Three species of mycobacteria were isolated from the spleen tissues: M. marinum, M. fortuitum complex, and M. gordonae. Histology results revealed that granulomas, characteri.
Transport Costs in International Trade

This paper claims that distance alone is a poor proxy for international transport costs in gravity equations. We develop a theoretical framework with a manufacturing and a transport sector, where the level of manufacturing exports determines the demand for transport. Above a certain threshold, transport service suppliers find it profit-maximizing to invest into advanced transport technology, which lowers their marginal costs and as a consequence, transport prices. Transport costs therefore vary with the distance between the two locations, and with the endogenous decision to invest in a more efficient technology. We tackle the biases in traditional gravity estimates by using newly collected data on transport prices from UPS and by applying instrument variable estimation techniques. Our results reveal that distance affects trade beyond the transport cost channel. Transport prices, in turn, are influenced by the distance and by the exports between two countries. We find that trading partners with 10% more exports enjoy 0.7% lower transport prices.
Agroforestry as an alternative for the land application of poultry litter

Agroforestry, particularly silvipasture systems that combine grass and trees, has been proposed an alternative for the common practice of poultry litter application to pastures. Poultry litter was applied at three rates (0, 11.2 and 33.6 Mg ha) to three managed vegetation systems (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. pasture, Pinus taeda L. plantation and a silvipasture system combining the two species). Following poultry litter application, short-term fate of N and P was monitored and three-year pine growth response was measured. Results indicate somewhat improved N and P nutrition and positive growth response of both pine and grass to litter application. Ammonia volatilization was the greatest pathway of N loss and loss through denitrification was minimal. Estimated loss of NH3-N during a 96-hour period following June litter application ranged from 0.2 to 15.3 kg ha. Average soil solution NO3-N concentrations at 1-m depth exceeded 16 mg L on one occasion in the pine plantation during the spring following application. Average concentrations did not exceed 2.21 mg L in either the silvipasture or pasture. These results indicate that silvipastures can offer an alternative for poultry litter utilization while retaining many aesthetic and financial benefits associated with trees.
Faecal shedding of arcobacter species in Belgian pigs

The prevalence of Arcobacter was determined in porcine faecal samples collected at slaughterhouse and two unrelated finishing barns (A and B) using the previously developed Arcobacter isolation procedure. In 43.9% of the slaughterhouse samples tested (n=82) arcobacters were detected, and identified as A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus. Two pigs shedded both species simultaneously. On farm A (n=98), arcobacters were isolated from 16.3% of the samples and identified as A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii. In samples (n=118) collected at farm B, arcobacters were detected in 45.1% of the samples. A. butzleri was the most frequently occurring species. Co-infections were found in 11 animals. Arocobacters were detected in clinically healthy pigs at contamination levels up to 103 cfu/g faeces.
Foreign bodies in the river of sound : seeking identity and Irish traditional music

This thesis investigates how musicians who play Irish traditional music, but do not identify themselves as Irish, understand their relationship to Irishness. The research was designed to interrogate frameworks for theorizing the articulation of music, identity and nation, emphasizing the need to understand both music and identity as socially constitutive processes. Writing from the viewpoint that knowledge is embedded in discourse, it argues that certain repertories and styles have been regards as symbolically representing and expressing essentially Irish characteristics mythologized within colonial discourse and inverted within nationalist discourse. These understandings have been extended into the present and reinforced through the commodification of Irish culture. Analyses of participant-observation data in Melbourne, Australia, indicate that young Australian musicians understand Irishness as a citational ethnicity, depoliticized and commodified, while older Australians value more highly the embodied musical performance of musicians from Ireland. Australian musicians who had made 'pilgrimage' to Ireland were relatively confined within a world of summer schools and pub sessions linked to the tourism industry's mythologizing of an 'Ireland of the Welcomes'. Extended fieldwork among Australians and other foreign musicians who had re-located to Ireland found current theorizations of musical community inadequate to account for difference and disharmony in group performances. Foreign musicians' failure to assimilate musically ans socially was attributed to their status as strangers, their tactics and their perception by Irish musicians. While there is no material barrier to foreigners playing Irish traditional music, an exploration of the relationship between music and place in the construction of Irish traditional music concluded that, even where musicians attempt to draw outsiders into this bounded area of Irish culture, the authenticating discourses that define it as essentially Irish impede their success.
The influence of topdressing nitrogen on Azospirillum spp. inoculation in maize crops through meta-analysis

Bragantia, Campinas, v. 77, n. 3, p.493-500, 2018 ABSTRACT: The Azospirillum is considered one of the most studied plant growth promoter genus. These bacteria are capable of promoting plant growth through several factors. However, the effect of Azospirillum spp. associated to nitrogen fertilization on maize grain yield has brought about controversial results. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of topdressing nitrogen on the effect of Azospirillum spp. inoculation on maize crops through meta-analysis. Data were collected from articles published in scientific journals, obtained from the Web of Science®, Scopus® and Google Scholar® databases. The bibliographic review included only articles with direct comparisons between maize yield in the presence and absence of Azospirillum spp. under field conditions in Brazil. The meta-analysis SOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION Article
Process-based modelling of the methane balance in periglacial landscapes with JSBACH

A consistent, process-based methane module for a global land surface scheme has been developed which is general enough to be applied in permafrost regions as well as wetlands outside permafrost areas. Methane production, oxidation and transport by ebullition, diffusion and plants are represented. Oxygen has been explicitly incorporated in diffusion, transport by plants and two oxidation processes, of which one uses soil oxygen, while the other uses oxygen that is available 5 via roots. Permafrost and wetland soils show special behaviour, such as variable soil pore space due to freezing and thawing or water table depths due to changing soil water content. This has been integrated directly into the methane-related processes. A detailed application at the polygonal tundra site Samoylov, Lena delta, Russia, is used for evaluation purposes. The application at Samoylov also shows differences in the importance of the several transport processes and in the methane dynamics 10 under varying soil moisture, ice and temperature conditions during different seasons and on different microsites. These microsites are the elevated moist polygonal rim and the depressed wet polygonal center. The evaluation shows sufficiently good agreement with field observations despite the fact that the module has not been specifically calibrated to these data.