Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NEW DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ALGORITHM BASED ON RISING RATE VARIATION OF SECOND HARMONIC CURRENT

In this paper, a new algorithm based on processing differential current harmonics is proposed for digital differential protection of power transformers. This algorithm has been developed by considering different behaviors of second harmonic components of the differential currents under fault and inrush current conditions. In the new method, a criterion function is defined in terms of the time variation of the second harmonic rising rate during instants after the occurring disturbance. By evaluating the signs of the criterion function for the three phases, the internal faults can be accurately recognized from inrush current conditions in less than a half-cycle after the occurrence of a disturbance; this is one advantage of the method. Another advantage of the proposed method is that the fault detection algorithm does not depend on the selection of thresholds. A suitable performance of this method will be demonstrated by the simulation of different faults and switching conditions on a power transformer. For this purpose, a small part of the Iran power system involving a power transformer and the transmission lines on both sides of the transformer has been considered. To include effective factors on differential current components, the elements of this power system have been precisely modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. Keywords– Transformer differential protection, differential current components, inrush current, fault current, criterion function
Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen.

We report observation of the 1{ital S}-2{ital S} two-photon transition in hydrogen confined in a magnetic trap at submillikelvin temperatures. The excitation spectrum can display a sharp central feature arising from periodic motion of the trapped atoms. The metastable 2{ital S} atoms remain trapped, and have a lifetime close to the natural lifetime of 122ms. These developments open the way to achieving the transition{close_quote}s natural linewidth. We have also demonstrated that the temperature of the gas can be determined from the line shape, providing an important tool for the study of cold trapped hydrogen. The resolution in these experiments appears to be limited by laser stability, currently 3kHz. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population.

OBJECTIVE To present initial findings on the validity of a recently developed maltreatment inventory, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), in a sample of adolescent psychiatric patients. METHOD Three hundred ninety-eight male and female adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) admitted to the inpatient service of a private psychiatric hospital were given the CTQ as part of a larger test battery. Structured interviews were also conducted with the primary therapists of 190 of the patients to obtain ratings of abuse and neglect based on all available data, including clinical interviews with patients and their relatives and information from referring clinicians and agencies. RESULTS Principal-components analysis of the CTQ items yielded five rotated factors-emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect-closely replicating the factor structure in an earlier study of adult patients. The internal consistency of the CTQ factors was extremely high both in the entire sample and in every subgroup examined. When CTQ factor scores were compared with therapists' ratings in a series of logistic regression analyses, relationships between the two sets of variables were highly specific, supporting the convergent and discriminant validity of the CTQ. Finally, when therapists' ratings were used as the validity criterion, the CTQ exhibited good sensitivity for all forms of maltreatment, and satisfactory or better levels of specificity. CONCLUSIONS These initial findings suggest that the CTQ is a sensitive and valid screening questionnaire for childhood trauma in an adolescent psychiatric inpatient setting.
Frequency, Nature, and Correlates of Hate Crime Victimization Experiences in an Urban Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community Members

The present study examines two central research questions. First, we sought to add to current knowledge on the frequency and types of hate crime experiences in an urban sample. Also, drawing on existing frameworks for sexual minority specific (SMS) stress, we examined internalized SMS stress (defined by internalized homophobia and acceptance concerns regarding one’s minority status) as a mediator of the association between hate crime victimization (i.e., objective or social SMS stress) and mental health symptoms (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general stress). Participants were 336 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community members who elected to participate in research at a community health agency in an urban southwestern United States jurisdiction. Results suggested (a) approximately one third of the sample reported lifetime hate crime victimization, with the most common types characterized by interpersonal, as opposed to property, crimes; (b) approximately half of participants reported their most recent victimization to law enforcement; and (c) internalized SMS stress mediated the relation between hate crime victimization and overall mental health symptoms. Findings are discussed with respect to implications of the unique nature of hate crimes in an urban setting, as well as theoretical and practical implications of SMS stress findings.
Experiences with different integration strategies of case-based e-learning

Background: E-Learning applications are part and parcel of modern medical curricula. Despite this increasing use, the empirical basis for an optimal integration strategy of computerized teaching methods is small for medical education. In addition to general aspects of integrating e-learning into a curriculum, like feasibility, software and content requirements or curriculum structure, the integration strategy is crucial. Methods: In this article different integration strategies of e-learning are presented and compared with respect to motivational aspects and acceptance of both, students and instructors. Results and Conclusions: As best practice we recommend a voluntary integration strategy combined with exam-relevance of the content. The assets and drawbacks of all described strategies are discussed in the conclusions of this article.
Disruption and functional analysis of six ORFs of chromosome IV: YDL103c (QRI1), YDL105w (QRI2), YDL112w (TRM3), YDL113c, YDL116w (NUP84) and YDL167c (NRP1)

We have disrupted six ORFs (YDL103c, YDL105w, YDL112w, YDL113c, YDL116w and YDL167c) located on the left arm of chromosome IV. Except for YDL112w, the short flanking homology strategy was used to construct disruption cassettes using the KanMX4 marker. For YDL112w, a disruption cassette including the LEU2 gene was made. YDL103c and YDL105w are essential genes for vegetative growth. Disruption of YDL112w, YDL113c and YDL167c does not result in any detectable phenotype with the tests we used, while disruption of YDL116w confers slow growth, cryosensitivity and thermosensitivity, and the disrupted diploid homozygotes for the disruption failed to sporulate. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified distributed consensus filter for sensor networks

This paper considers distributed consensus filters for sensor networks. In such networks each sensor measures a signal corrupted by noise. We propose an algorithm which significantly improves the accuracy of time-varying signal tracking and attenuates high frequency noise. It is a modification of an existing algorithm. This new algorithm allows us to define the desired bandwidth of the distributed consensus filter by tuning a control parameter. Convergence analysis is provided. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the presented filter.
Transductive Transfer Learning Based on KL-Divergence

Transfer learning solves the problem that the training data from a source domain and the test data from a target domain follow different distributions. In this paper, we take advantage of existing well labeled data and introduce them as sources into a novel transductive transfer learning framework. We first construct two feature mapping functions based on mutual information to re-weight the training and the test data. Then we compute the KL-divergence between the posterior probability of the unlabeled data and the prior probability of the labeled data to assign a pseudo-label to the unlabeled data. Next, a set of high-confidence newly-labeled data besides the labeled data are used for training a new classifier. The proposed algorithm requires that all unlabeled data in the target domain are available during training which is similar to the transductive learning setting, so we call it transductive transfer learning. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to transfer learning is verified by experiments in sentiment classification.
Paediatric pharmacokinetics and drug doses.

The pharmacokinetics of many drugs are different in children compared to adults. The pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion undergo changes due to growth and development. Finding the correct doses for children is complicated by a lack of pharmacokinetic studies. Children’s doses cannot always be extrapolated directly from adult studies. Many paediatric doses are based on the child’s age or weight. These may need adjustment depending on the child and the clinical response. It is important to check dose calculations. The calculated childhood dose should not usually exceed the adult dose.
Hormonal control of aggressive behavior in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

1. Thirty-four five-month old male Coturnix were divided into 17 pairs on the basis of matched body weights (mean difference within pairs = 2 grams). The members of each pair were separated except during daily five-minute pair encounters. 2. Two classes of response were measured during the encounters: "head-grabs" and "pecks". A bird was called dominant if he performed more head-grabs and pecks than his pair-mate during the last three of four preexperimental encounters. 3. After the first four encounters the 17 pairs were divided into four groups: castrate, in which the dominant birds underwent bilateral gonadectomy (five pairs); sham operate, in which the dominant birds underwent the surgical procedure of the castrate group except for testis removal (four pairs) ; TCP injected, in which the submissive birds were administered testosterone cyclopentypropionate on a regular schedule (four pairs) ; and saline injected, in which the submissive birds were administered saline on the same schedule (four pairs). Pairs were observed for 23 encounters subsequent to the first experimental manipulations. 4. Gonadectomy had a clear, rapid effect on the behavior measured. From the fourth postoperative encounter through the eleventh, the (originally dominant) castrated birds performed zero head-grabs and zero pecks. The behavior of the pair-mates increased sharply during this time. 5. From the eleventh through the twenty-third postoperative encounter the castrated birds were given four injections of TCP. Androgen injections led to the reestablishment of original dominance relations in all cases. 6. Sham operations produced a mild effect on the established dominance relations. The operated animals showed relatively slight decreases in head-grabs and pecks; some pair-mates showed increased peck frequencies. In contrast to the behavior of the castrates, zero responding by the sham operates was rare. 7. TCP injections produced large changes in the behavior of three out of four intact submissive birds, and a slight change in the fourth. Androgen increased the average number of headgrabs and pecks exhibited by the injected animals by a factor of more than four; the pair-mates showed substantially reduced rates of responding (encounters 6-9). Cessation of androgen treatment produced a reversion to original relations within nine encounters after the last injection. 8. Treatment with saline had no effect on the originally established dominance relations. 9. The level of aggressive activity could be manipulated by varying the level of circulating androgen. Analysis of the functional significance of the observed behavior was made difficult by the close similarity of response in these homosexual contacts to that observed during heterosexual contact.
Establishing the overlap of IONP quantification with echo and echoless MR relaxation mapping

Iron‐oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have shown tremendous utility for enhancing image contrast and delivering targeted therapies. Quantification of IONPs has been demonstrated at low concentrations with gradient echo (GRE) and spin echo (SE), and at high concentrations with echoless sequences such as swept imaging with Fourier transform (SWIFT). This work examines the overlap of IONP quantification with GRE, SE, and SWIFT.
Crystal structure of two quaternary complexes of dethiobiotin synthetase, enzyme‐MgADP‐AlF3‐diaminopelargonic acid and enzyme‐MgADP‐dethiobiotin‐phosphate; implications for catalysis

The crystal structures of two complexes of dethiobiotin synthetase, enzyme‐diaminopelargonic acid‐MgADP‐AlF3 and enzyme‐dethiobiotin‐MgADP‐Pi, respectively, have been determined to 1.8 Å resolution. In dethiobiotin synthetase, AlF3 together with carbamylated diaminopelargonic acid mimics the phosphorylated reaction intermediate rather than the transition state complex for phosphoryl transfer. Observed differences in the binding of substrate, diaminopelargonic acid, and the product, dethiobiotin, suggest considerable displacements of substrate atoms during the ring closure step of the catalytic reaction. In both complexes, two metal ions are observed at the active site, providing evidence for a two‐metal mechanism for this enzyme.
Effects of Built-In Polarization and Carrier Overflow on InGaN Quantum-Well Lasers With Electronic Blocking Layers

Effects of built-in polarization and carrier overflow on InGaN quantum-well lasers with a ternary AlGaN or a quaternary AlInGaN electronic blocking layer (EBL) have been numerically investigated by employing an advanced device-simulation program. The simulation results indicate that the characteristics of InGaN quantum-well lasers can be improved by using the quaternary AlInGaN EBL. When the aluminum and indium compositions in the AlInGaN EBL are appropriately designed, the built-in charge density at the interface between the InGaN barrier and the AlInGaN EBL can be reduced. Under this circumstance, the electron leakage current and the laser threshold current can obviously be decreased as compared with the laser structure with a conventional AlGaN EBL when the built-in polarization is taken into account in the calculation. Furthermore, the AlInGaN EBL also gives a higher refractive index than the AlGaN EBL, which is a benefit for a higher quantum-well optical confinement factor in laser operations.
Improved Fertility Potential and Antimicrobial Activities of Sesame Leaves Phytochemicals

In view of the fact that any methodology that is empirical in infertility study ultimately determine the overall result quality with lots of consequence on the potential treatment options and other prevention programmes available (Thonneau & Spira, 1990), makes it necessary for clarification of some confusing terms often used in infertility studies amongst the readers. Such that a couple is said to be a fertile if they have conceived in the past and infertile if they have not conceived after at least one year of unprotected sexual intercourse as the case may be. While, a fecund couple is one who can conceive and an infecund couple is one that is impossible to conceive for whatever reason (Leridon, 1977; Thonneau & Spira, 1990).
Concentration‐effect Relations for Intravenous Lidocaine Infusions in Human Volunteers: Effects on Acute Sensory Thresholds and Capsaicin‐evoked Hyperpathia

Background: Preclinical studies have emphasized that persistent small afferent input will induce a state of central facilitation that can be regulated by systemically administered lidocaine. The authors extended these preclinical studies to human volunteers by examining the concentration‐dependent effects of intravenous lidocaine on acute sensory thresholds and facilitated processing induced by intradermal capsaicin. Methods: Fifteen healthy persons received a lidocaine or a placebo infusion. A computer‐controlled infusion pump targeted sequential stepwise increases in plasma lidocaine concentration steps of 1, 2, and 3 micro gram/ml. At each plasma concentration, neurosensory testing (thermal and von Frey hair test stimulation) were performed. After completing the tests at the 3 micro gram/ml plasma lidocaine level, intradermal capsaicin was injected into the volar aspect of the left forearm, and the flare response and hyperalgesia to von Frey hair stimulation, stroking, and heat was assessed. Results: The continuous infusion of lidocaine and placebo had no significant effect on any stimulus threshold. Although intravenous lidocaine resulted in a decrease in all secondary hyperalgesia responses, this was only significant for heat hyperalgesia. Intravenous lidocaine resulted in a significant decrease in the flare response induced by intradermal capsaicin. Conclusions: These studies suggest that the facilitated state induced by persistent small afferent input human pain models may predict the activity of agents that affect components of nociceptive processing that are different from those associated with the pain state evoked by “acute” thermal or mechanical stimuli. Such insight may be valuable in the efficient development of novel analgesics for both neuropathic and post‐tissue‐injury pain states.
The efficacy of oral appliances in the treatment of persistent sleep apnea after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Twenty-four patients who failed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had an adjustable oral (Herbst) appliance made to treat the persistent apnea. Six patients discontinued the device prior to sleep evaluation. Eighteen patients had polysomnographic evaluations at baseline, post-UPPP, and with the Herbst appliance in place. The apnea-hypopnea index baseline (AHI) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) nadir were 42.3+/-6.1 and 83.6+/-1.8%, respectively. There was no significant change in either parameter with surgery. With the oral appliance, the AHI fell to 15.3+/-4.4 (p < or = 0.01) and the SaO2 nadir increased to 87.9+/-1.2% (p < or = 0.05). Ten of the patients had control of the OSA with the Herbst appliance with a fall in the AHI to < 10. There were, in addition, two partial responders as defined by an AHI of <20 and a >50% fall in AHI compared with baseline and post-UPPP values. All but one of the responders and partial responders had complete resolution of subjective symptoms of daytime sleepiness with the appliance. An adjustable oral appliance appears to be an effective mode of therapy to control OSA after an unsuccessful UPPP.
Maximal Strength Training Improves Cycling Economy in Competitive Cyclists

Sunde, A, Støren, Ø, Bjerkaas, M, Larsen, MH, Hoff, J, and Helgerud, J. Maximal strength training improves cycling economy in competitive cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 24(8): 2157-2165, 2010-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of maximal strength training on cycling economy (CE) at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (&OV0312;o2max), work efficiency in cycling at 70% &OV0312;o2max, and time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic power. Responses in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and rate of force development (RFD) in half-squats, &OV0312;o2max, CE, work efficiency, and time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic power were examined. Sixteen competitive road cyclists (12 men and 4 women) were randomly assigned into either an intervention or a control group. Thirteen (10 men and 3 women) cyclists completed the study. The intervention group (7 men and 1 woman) performed half-squats, 4 sets of 4 repetitions maximum, 3 times per week for 8 weeks, as a supplement to their normal endurance training. The control group continued their normal endurance training during the same period. The intervention manifested significant (p < 0.05) improvements in 1RM (14.2%), RFD (16.7%), CE (4.8%), work efficiency (4.7%), and time to exhaustion at pre-intervention maximal aerobic power (17.2%). No changes were found in &OV0312;o2max or body weight. The control group exhibited an improvement in work efficiency (1.4%), but this improvement was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than that in the intervention group. No changes from pre- to postvalues in any of the other parameters were apparent in the control group. In conclusion, maximal strength training for 8 weeks improved CE and efficiency and increased time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic power among competitive road cyclists, without change in maximal oxygen uptake, cadence, or body weight. Based on the results from the present study, we advise cyclists to include maximal strength training in their training programs.
The cadA gene of Vibrio cholerae is induced during infection and plays a role in acid tolerance

Vibrio cholerae is a facultative pathogen of humans that must survive exposure to inorganic and organic acids in the stomach and small intestine. To learn more about the mechanisms by which this pathogen colonizes the intestinal tract, we used a recombinase gene fusion reporter to identify transcripts induced during infection in an adult rabbit model of cholera. One of the genes identified was cadA, which encodes an inducible lysine decarboxylase. CadA was also induced during infections of the suckling and adult mouse intestines, and in vitro under conditions of low pH and high lysine concentration. We show that V. cholerae is capable of mounting an acid tolerance response (ATR) to both inorganic and organic acid challenges. Mutational analyses revealed a significant role for cadA, but not for speF, which encodes an ornithine decarboxylase, in both inorganic and organic ATR. Potential roles for toxR, toxT and rpoS in ATR were examined, and it was found that toxR plays a ToxT‐independent role in mediating organic ATR, whereas rpoS played no detectable role in either ATR. Transcriptional analysis showed that the toxR defect in ATR is not caused by decreased cadA transcription. Despite induction of cadA in these animal models, competition assays revealed that neither cadA nor speF alone or together were required for colonization of suckling or adult mice. However, acid‐adapted wild‐type V. cholerae exhibited a major competitive advantage over unadapted cells during colonization of suckling mice.
Research on financial distress prediction of China real estate public companies based on Z-Score model

According to the traditional idea of Z-Score model and characteristics of Chinese real estate industry, this paper will reconstruct the new Z-Score model for the Chinese real estate enterprise financial prediction by re-observing the sensitive financial indicators. The new model realizes “two-years-ahead” risk prediction to timely avoid financial crisis and difficulties caused to Chinese real estate companies. And it overcomes the limitation of the traditional financial variables and the neglect of various industry characteristics to contribute to a more stable business development.