Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient calculation of the weight distributions for linear codes over large finite fields

In an error correcting code, the performance of a specific linear code is dependent on the minimum weight and the weight distribution of the code. Therefore it is very importance to know or calculate the minimum weight and the weight distribution of a code. In this paper we propose a very efficient calculation method for the minimum weight and the weight distribution for linear codes over large finite fields. Computation results show that our algorithm is much faster than Magma, the computational algebra system, for the minimum weight and the weight distribution of specific random linear codes over large finite fields.
Reconstitution of signaling in bacterial chemotaxis

Strains missing several genes required for chemotaxis toward amino acids, peptides, and certain sugars were tethered and their rotational behavior was analyzed. Null strains (called gutted) were deleted for genes that code for the transducers Tsr, Tar, Tap, and Trg and for the cytoplasmic proteins CheA, CheW, CheR, CheB, CheY, and CheZ. Motor switch components were wild type, flaAII(cheC), or flaBII(cheV). Gutted cells with wild-type motors spun exclusively counterclockwise, while those with mutant motors changed their directions of rotation. CheY reduced the bias (the fraction of time that cells spun counterclockwise) in either case. CheZ offset the effect of CheY to an extent that varied with switch allele but did not change the bias when tested alone. Transducers also increased the bias in the presence of CheY but not when tested alone. However, cells containing transducers and CheY failed to respond to attractants or repellents normally detected in the periplasm. This sensitivity was restored by addition of CheA and CheW. Thus, CheY both enhances clockwise rotation and couples the transducers to the flagella. CheZ acts, at the level of the motor, as a CheY antagonist. CheA or CheW or both are required to complete the signal pathway. A model is presented that explains these results and is consistent with other data found in the literature.
The Equivalence of Reduction and Translation Semantics of Java Simple Closures

FGCJ is a minimal core calculus that extends Featherweight Generic Java, FGJ, with lambda expressions for Java Simple Closures. It has been introduced to study, in a reduction semantics framework, properties of Java Simple Closures, including type safety and abstraction property. F is a source-to-source, translation rule system from Java 1.5 extended with lambda expressions, back to ordinary Java 1.5. It has been introduced to study, in a translation semantics framework, the design and the implementation features of lambda expressions, including simple closures, this transparency, not local variables and relations with anonymous class objects. In this paper we prove that the reduction semantics and the translation semantics commute in FGACJ. Where FGACJ is a minimal core calculus that extends FGCJ, by adding Java interfaces and anonymous class objects and that allows a restricted definition of translation semantics F.
Binary Code Retrofitting and Hardening Using SGX

Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) is designed to deliver a safe execution environment for software systems. Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) provides isolated memory regions (i.e., SGX enclaves) to protect code and data from adversaries in the untrusted world. While existing research has proposed techniques to execute entire executable files inside enclave instances by providing rich sets of OS facilities, one notable limitation of these techniques is the unavoidably large size of Trusted Computing Base (TCB), which can potentially break the principle of least privilege. In this work, we describe techniques that provide practical and efficient protection of security sensitive code components in legacy binary code. Our technique dissects input binaries into multiple components which are further built into SGX enclave instances. We also leverage deliberately-designed binary editing techniques to retrofit the input binary code and preserve the original program semantics. Our tentative evaluations on hardening AES encryption and decryption procedures demonstrate the practicability and efficiency of the proposed technique.
Measuring Cache and TLB Performance and Their Effect on Benchmark Runtimes

In previous research, we have developed and presented a model for measuring machines and analyzing programs, and for accurately predicting the running time of any analyzed program on any measured machine. That work is extended here by: (1) developing a high level program to measure the design and performance of the cache and TLB units; (2) using those measurements, along with published miss ratio data, to improve the accuracy of our runtime predictions; (3) using our analysis tools and measurements to study and compare the design of several machines, with particular reference to their cache and TLB performance. As part of this work, we describe the design and performance of the cache and TLB for ten machines. The work presented, in this paper extends a powerful technique for the evaluation and analysis of both computer systems and their workloads; this methodology is valuable both to computer users and computer system designers. >
Responding to a suicide death: The role of first responders

ABSTRACT Effective response by first responders in the immediate aftermath of a suicide death can play a critical role in reducing risk and promoting healing for family, friends, and the larger community by helping people who are newly bereaved to cope with the immediate crisis, created by the death. They also can lay the foundation for the difficult journey of mourning and healing that must follow. Stressing the importance of a comprehensive and coordinated community response to suicide, this article addresses the principles and practices that are called for in the Guidelines by highlighting four distinct first responder communities: law enforcement and emergency medical services; medical examiners; funeral professionals; and clergy and faith leaders. For each of these groups, the interrelated functions they serve after a suicide are described, and clear suggestions for improvement of these functions in the service of better assisting suicide loss survivors, as well as the broader community, are discussed.
Testing autonomous cyber-physical systems using fuzzing features from convolutional neural networks: work-in-progress

Autonomous cyber-physical systems rely on modern machine learning methods such as deep neural networks to control their interactions with the physical world. Testing of such intelligent cyber-physical systems is a challenge due to the huge state space associated with high-resolution visual sensory inputs. We demonstrate how fuzzing the input using patterns obtained from the convolutional filters of an unrelated convolutional neural network can be used to test computer vision algorithms implemented in intelligent cyber-physical systems. Our method discovers interesting counterexamples to a pedestrian detection algorithm implemented in the popular OpenCV library. Our approach also unearths counterexamples to the correct behavior of an autonomous car similar to NVIDIA's end-to-end self-driving deep neural net running on the Udacity open-source simulator.
A low-voltage push-pull SPDT RF MEMS switch operated by combination of electromagnetic actuation and electrostatic hold

In this paper, we have proposed and fabricated a new push-pull type SPDT switch implemented in a single structure with torsion bars actuated by the combination of electromagnetic and electrostatic forces for low power and low voltage operation. The proposed switch is actuated by using large electromagnetic force at low voltage to change its state and is held to maintain its state by electrostatic force to reduce static power consumption. From the prototype, actuation voltage is measured as 4.3V and required energy is below 15.4/spl mu/J per each switching. Also, we have successfully carried out a lifetime test over more than 166 million cycles without significant degradation of switch characteristics.
Monte Carlo simulation of helical tomotherapy with PENELOPE

Helical tomotherapy (HT) delivers intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using the simultaneous movement of the couch, the gantry and the binary multileaf collimator (MLC), a procedure that differs from conventional dynamic or step-and-shoot IMRT. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of HT in the helical mode therefore requires a new approach. Using validated phase-space files (PSFs) obtained through the MC simulation of the static mode with PENELOPE, an analytical model of the binary MLC, called the ‘transfer function’ (TF), was first devised to perform the transport of particles through the MLC much faster than time-consuming MC simulation and with no significant loss of accuracy. Second, a new tool, called TomoPen, was designed to simulate the helical mode by rotating and translating the initial coordinates and directions of the particles in the PSF according to the instantaneous position of the machine, transporting the particles through the MLC (in the instantaneous configuration defined by the sinogram), and computing the dose distribution in the CT structure using PENELOPE. Good agreement with measurements and with the treatment planning system of tomotherapy was obtained, with deviations generally well within 2%/1 mm, for the simulation of the helical mode for two commissioning procedures and a clinical plan calculated and measured in homogeneous conditions.
Detection and Quantification of Superoxide Formed within the Periplasm of Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Many gram-negative bacteria harbor a copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in their periplasms. In pathogenic bacteria, one role of this enzyme may be to protect periplasmic biomolecules from superoxide that is released by host phagocytic cells. However, the enzyme is also present in many nonpathogens and/or free-living bacteria, including Escherichia coli. In this study we were able to detect superoxide being released into the medium from growing cultures of E. coli. Exponential-phase cells do not normally synthesize CuZnSOD, which is specifically induced in stationary phase. However, the engineered expression of CuZnSOD in growing cells eliminated superoxide release, confirming that this superoxide was formed within the periplasm. The rate of periplasmic superoxide production was surprisingly high and approximated the estimated rate of cytoplasmic superoxide formation when both were normalized to the volume of the compartment. The rate increased in proportion to oxygen concentration, suggesting that the superoxide is generated by the adventitious oxidation of an electron carrier. Mutations that eliminated menaquinone synthesis eradicated the superoxide formation, while mutations in genes encoding respiratory complexes affected it only insofar as they are likely to affect the redox state of menaquinone. We infer that the adventitious autoxidation of dihydromenaquinone in the cytoplasmic membrane releases a steady flux of superoxide into the periplasm of E. coli. This endogenous superoxide may create oxidative stress in that compartment and be a primary substrate of CuZnSOD.
Security camera based on a single chip solution using a sharply outlined display algorithm and variable-clock video encoder

In this paper, we have proposed a security camera system that displays high-definition images by using a sharply outlined display algorithm (SODA), which generates less hardware complexity because of a modified video encoder. While the proposed system uses a charge coupled device (CCD) with a complementary filter that may cause some problems in representing vivid color, we have been able to resolve the problem by mixing two signals, such as those generated by chrominance and luminance processes. In doing so, the system requires the use of a video encoder that converts the CCD's output signals into a composite video baseband signal (CVBS). Moreover, although a video encoder generally operates at 27 MHz the CCD module used in the security camera requires a particular clock frequency. Here, we have proposed that the new video encoder uses a clock to equal the CCD module at a given frequency. In doing so, the system using the encoder reduces hardware complexity and noise. The proposed system is fabricated with a test camera chip that has been manufactured by the MagnaChip 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
A novel serine/threonine kinase gene, Gek1, is expressed in meiotic testicular germ cells and primordial germ cells

We have isolated a novel serine/threonine kinase gene designated Gek1 from mouse primordial germ cell‐derived embryonic germ cell. Gek1 is preferentially expressed in meiotic testicular germ cells and primordial germ cells. Gek1 mRNA is also detected in several other tissues, including hematopoietic organs in adult mice and central nervous system in embryos. The Gek1 cDNA encodes a protein with the consensus sequence of the catalytic domain of protein kinases in its N‐terminal region. The deduced amino acid sequence of Gek1 in the kinase domain is related to those encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE20, CDC15, and Drosophila melanogaster ninaC. The patterns of expression and the structural features of Gek1 suggest that the gene product is involved in signal transduction or nuclear division of germ cells and other proliferating cells. We also show that Gek1 locates on chromosome 11, near the wr locus, showing neuronal and reproductive defects. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medication Safety: an audit of medication discrepancies in transferring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients from Australian primary care to tertiary ambulatory care.

OBJECTIVE To identify, classify and determine the factors associated with medication discrepancies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, referred from primary care to a tertiary ambulatory clinic. DESIGN Retrospective audit of outpatient clinic records. SETTING Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) Diabetes Ambulatory Care Centre. PARTICIPANTS 300 randomly selected adult T2DM patients who attended the Diabetes Centre between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rates and types of medication discrepancies were identified by comparing the structured nurse-patient interview (SNPI) with the primary care [General Practitioner (GP)] referral letter, where the SNPI was considered the best possible medication history. Discrepancies were identified as addition, omission, dose and insulin-type discrepancies. Each category was mutually exclusive. RESULTS Over 80% of referral letters contained at least one discrepancy with a median of two discrepancies per referral. Of a total of 744 discrepancies, the majority were omissions (58.9%). Insulins had the highest discrepancy rate. Factors independently associated with medication discrepancies were GP referral letter type, total number of medications and medication regimen type. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of medication discrepancies was found in GP referral letters for patients referred to this clinic. Automated GP referral letters and inaccurate GP records may have contributed to this, highlighting the need for routine medication reconciliation at transitions of care, to ensure prescribers have access to correct medication information to inform decision-making and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Engineering phase transformation of cobalt selenide in carbon cages and the phases’ bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for water splitting

Using Co-based metal-organic frameworks as the precursor, we synthesized cobalt selenide (CoSe2) nanoparticles imbedded in carbon cages. By simply controlling the annealing conditions, phase transformation of CoSe2 from the orthorhombic phase to the cubic phase has been realized. Benefitting from the metallic character, the cubic phase CoSe2 shows greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The as-prepared cubic phase CoSe2 electrode possesses onset overpotentials of 43 and 200 mV, and Tafel slopes of 51 and 83 mV dec−1 for HER and OER, respectively, which are remarkably superior to that of the orthorhombic phase CoSe2 catalyst and comparable to those of commercial noble-metal catalysts. In addition, the cubic phase CoSe2 electrode also demonstrates excellent stability after long-term operations. Our work not only provides a high performance catalyst for water splitting, but also introduces a new route to the design of a highly efficient catalyst by phase transformation.
Restricted field of view magnetic resonance imaging of a dynamic time series

A restricted field of view (rFOV) approach for imaging a dynamic time series of volumes of limited spatial extent within a larger subject is described. The shorter readout with rFOV‐MRI can be exploited to either limit image artifacts or increase spatial resolution. To accomplish rFOV imaging of a multislice volume for a dynamic series, an outer volume suppression (OVS) preparation that saturates signal external to a cylinder through the subject is followed by slice‐selective excitation and a spiral readout. The pass‐ and stopband efficiencies of the OVS in an agar gel phantom were 97% (±1.5%) and 3% (±1%), respectively. Profiles of the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) were measured in a phantom and an adult brain. The rFOV sequence reduced distortions from off‐resonance signal and T 2* ‐induced blurring compared to a conventional sequence. Sequence utility is demonstrated for high‐resolution rFOV functional MRI (fMRI) in the visual cortex. The rFOV sequence may prove to be useful for other multislice dynamic and high‐resolution imaging applications. Magn Reson Med 57:297–307, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrete-time simulation of smart antenna systems in Network Simulator-2 Using MATLAB and Octave

This paper presents two platforms that exploit the scalability properties of Network Simulator-2 for the discrete-event simulation of a telecommunication network, and the modeling capabilities of two development tools for the discrete-time implementation of adaptive antenna arrays at the physical layer. The two tools are the proprietary MATLAB and the open source Octave, both of which are used to implement the physical antenna system, the beamforming algorithm, the channel coding scheme, and the multipath and fading statistics. The adopted approach enables detailed modeling of the antenna radiation pattern generated by each network node, thus improving the accuracy of the signal-to-interference ratio estimated at the receiver. This study describes the methods that can be adopted to interface MATLAB and Octave with Network Simulator-2, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages that characterize the integration of the two tools with Network Simulator-2. The proposed numerical platforms, which can be interfaced with any wireless network supported by Network Simulator-2, are used to investigate the possibility of exploiting smart antenna systems in a wireless mesh network to enable the coexistence of multiple simultaneous communications.
Why Do Sports Officials Dropout?

Sports officials' recruitment and retention is currently an issue for many sports. The sources of stress are numerous but seem to have a reduced impact on sport officials' dropout. To examine potential reasons of sport officiating dropout, 1718 sport officials were asked to fill a survey about their motivation, the way they trained and are evaluated, perceived stress, the qualities and skills required for officiating, and how they live their function, for a total of 135 questions. Data mining was used to extract information from the data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use. Results show that intention to dropout among sports officials is related to the main motivation for which they begin officiating: obligation and needs of their sport association to have a sport official.
Drawing Dynamic Geometry Figures with Natural Language

This paper presents a tool for drawing dynamic geometry figures by understanding the texts of geometry problems from common textbooks. With the tool, teachers and students can construct dynamic geometry figures on a webpage by inputting a geometry problem in natural language. First a knowledge base for understanding geometry problems is built. With the help of a knowledge engineering tool InfoMap, geometric concepts are extracted from an input text. The concepts are then used to output a multi-step JavaSketchpad script that constructs a dynamic geometry figure step by step. Finally, the system outputs the script as a HTML document that can be read and visualized with an internet browser.
Comparative analysis of estimation techniques of SFOC induction motor for electric vehicles

This paper presents system analysis, modeling and simulation of an electric vehicle with different sensorless control techniques. Indeed, sensorless control is considered to be a lower cost alternative than the position or speed encoder-based control of induction motors for an electric vehicle. Two popular sensorless control methods, namely, the Luenberger observer and the Kalman filter methods are compared regarding speed and torque control characteristics. They are also compared against the well-known model reference adaptive system. Simulations on a test vehicle propelled by 37-kW induction motor lead to very interesting comparison results.
The long-term mental health risk associated with non-heterosexual orientation

Aims. Findings that describe the mental health risk associated with non-heterosexual orientation in young and middle-aged adults are from cross-sectional designs or fail to discriminate homosexual and bisexual orientations. This study examines the mental health risk of homosexual and bisexual orientation over an 8-year period. Methods. Participants were from the age-cohort study, the Personality and Total Health Through Life Project, were observed twice every 4 years, and aged 20–24 (n = 2353) and 40–44 (n = 2499) at baseline. Results. Homosexual orientation was unrelated to long-term depression risk. Risk for anxiety and depression associated with homosexual and bisexual orientations, respectively, were attenuated in fully-adjusted models. Bisexual orientation risk associated with anxiety was partially attenuated in fully-adjusted models. Conclusions. Non-heterosexual orientation was not a major risk factor for long-term mental health outcomes. Instead, those with a non-heterosexual orientation were more likely to experience other mental health risk factors, which explain most of the risk observed amongst those with a non-heterosexual orientation.
Raman Fiber Oscillators and Amplifiers Pumped by Semiconductor Disk Lasers

Optical pumping of Raman fiber lasers and amplifiers with semiconductor disk lasers represents novel advantageous approach as compared with conventional pumping techniques based on diode lasers and/or fiber converters. Short pulse generation and low-noise amplification are experimentally demonstrated using this pumping concept. High-power, low-noise, and diffraction-limited beam quality, naturally attributed to disk laser geometry, promises significant and positive impact on the optical amplifier technology.