Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Reversible Data Hiding Method Based on Histogram Shifting and XOR Based Transformation

: When a data hiding technique is used, the secret data needs to be embedded in a cover image. This embedding causes a distortion of the cover image and reduces its quality due to the different pixel values of the cover image. The distortion and the quality issues are seen mainly in sensitive images. To resolve this problem Reverse Data Hiding (RDH) research has become a trend currently. The Reverse Data Hiding technique is being use to improve the distortion of sensitive images and improve their quality. In this paper, we proposing a unique a secure Reversible Data hiding technique based on Histogram Modification and X-OR Transform. This technique comprises of 3 phases; data embedding, image encryption, and data extraction/image-recovery. Histogram shifting is used for hiding the secret data into a coloured image and X-OR based operation is used for encryption of image in order to achieve secure point of view. When we do this the data extraction is non-separable form the content decryption. We have tested the proposed reverse data hiding technique for different samples (hiding capacities) and the results prove that this technique has a lot of potential and delivers astonishing results. During experimentation we found that the proposed technique supports high capacity rate reach up to approximately 0.2 bits/pixel which is above 10% of the size of the input image at PSNR above 120dB for the output signal.
CAN YKL-40 IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSTIC POWER OF NON-INVASIVE FIBROGENIC STAGING IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTED PATIENTS?

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus run the risk of developing fibrosis and in later life hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim: The aim is to test the diagnostic power of YKL-40 in assessing liver fibrosis and its ability to improve those of APRI, AGE/AST, AAR, FI, CDS, LOK, API, FIB4, FIBQ, GUCI and KING scores in the previous patients. Methods: Blood samples for complete blood count and serum for YKL-40, liver function tests, HBV DNA and HBV markers evaluation were taken (n=71, F0 F4); beside, transient elastography. The numerical values of these scores were quantized and correlated with that of YKL-40. Results: YKL-40 can efficiently differentiate patients with non-significant (F0, F1) from those with significant fibrosis (F2 –F4); sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 86, 100, 100, 87 and AUC of 0.941, respectively and those with severe (F3 , F4) from non-severe fibrosis (F0 – F2, 95, 74, 60, 97 and 0.932, respectively). The additions of the results of YKL-40 to those of the previous scores greatly enhance their AUCs and their diagnostic power in the majority of cases. Conclusions: YKL-40, itself, cannot only help in assessing hepatic fibrosis but also dramatically enhance the diagnostic power of the tested scores in their non-invasive abilities to discriminate the stages of the disease in HBV chronically infected Egyptian patients.
Ekman-Lobstein Syndrome: Clinical, Radiologic Features, and the Therapeutic Challenge

Ekman-Lobstein syndrome or osteogenesis imperfecta is considered a group of genetic disorders of variable severity that affect mainly bones. The most important characteristic feature of osteogenesis imperfecta is fragile bones that are easily broken. The other important feature of the disorder is a blue discoloration of the sclerae of the eyes. The disorder is associated with defective connective tissue formation and deficiency of type-I collagen resulting from an amino acid substitution of glycine to bulkier amino acids in the collagen triple helix structure. The larger amino acid sidechains cause steric hindrance resulting in a bulge in the collagen complex which disturbs the molecular nanomechanics and the interaction between molecules. The defective collagen is supposed to be eliminated by hydrolysis. However, failure to eliminate defective collagen results in abnormal relationship between the collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals leading to bone brittleness [1-5].
Design of Structural Element Employing Optimization Approach

In the design and development of the structural configuration, many design engineers put extra time for repeated and well-defined tasks. The development of optimization approach which could be used to reduce such laborious jobs will increase the productivity of the organization. Till date there is no rational tool available in the market to portend the probable optimum design of building components. Optimization can be done with Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method. This approach intends to reduce the computational costs normally associated with structural design problem. The optimization techniques in general enable designer to find the best design for the structures under consideration. In this particular case, the principal design objective is to minimize the self-weight of RCC structural element. The resulting structure, not only give optimum size but also it give optimum cost with all strength & serviceability requirements for a given applied load. This approach necessitates iterations for coming up with an economical & safe design. This study will provide the way to develop a programme in advance excel that can be used not only for the analysis and design of the building but also to estimate the optimum design of a building components such as beam, column. The present dissertation provides the comparison between regular IS code deign and optimum design of components. Firstly the comparison between two optimization methods is done, after comparing both method most feasible method is selected and then with using that method structural elements are designed with optimization approach. For using classical method like GRG method ADVANCE EXCEL is used. SOLVER TOOLBOX is used to optimize the design problem which is non-linear in behavior. The investigation is then carried out to study the use of optimization technique for design of structural element and similarly the comparative study of Standard design method and design optimization method. RCC singly reinforced beam and short axially loaded column analyzed and compared.
Lifestyle Interventions For Endometrial Cancer Survivors: Feasibility and Efficacy of a Novel Mindfulness and Dietary Counseling Program

ii Dedication . iii Acknowledgments . iv Vita . v Table of Contents . vii List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii Chapter1: Introduction . 1 Definition of Terms . 8 Hypothesis and goals . 14 Objectives . 14 Innovation . 16 Significance and background of Endometrial Cancer . 17 Project Overview . 17 Innovation . 21 Background and Rationale . 21 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 25 Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer . 25 Etiology of Endometrial Cancer . 29 Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer . 34 Outcomes of Endometrial Cancer . 34 Treatment options for Endometrial Cancer . 36 Connection to Obesity . 38 Age . 39 BMI . 39 Sedentary Behavior . 39 Diet . 40 Obesity and Overweight . 40 Epidemiology of Obesity . 42 Etiology of Obesity . 43 Outcomes of Obesity . 46 viii Mortality . 46 Type II Diabetes Mellitus . 47 Dyslipidemia . 48 Hypertension . 48 Cardiovascular disease . 48 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) . 49 Fatty Liver . 50 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) . 50 Cancer . 51 Treatment Options for Obesity . 52 Diet . 53 Physical Activity . 55 Combination/Lifestyle . 56 Bariatric Surgery . 57 Physical Activity for Cancer Survivors . 59 Aerobic Exercise . 63 Strength/Resistance Training . 66 Yoga . 68 Measurement of Physical Activity . 70 Yoga and Mindfulness . 71 Meditation and Mindfulness . 72 Mindfulness Bases Stress Reduction (MBSR) . 78 Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBI) . 79 Outcomes of Mindfulness . 82 Theories of Behavior Change in Endometrial Cancer Survivors . 83 Self Determination Theory . 85 Social Cognitive Theory . 90 Quality of Life . 95 QOL and Obesity . 97 QOL and Cancer . 98 Sleep Quality for Cancer Survivors . 101 QOL and Resilience . 101 Measurement of Quality of Life . 103 Designing and Conducting Lifestyle Interventions within an Endometrial Cancer Survivor Population . 103 Recruitment . 105 Chapter 3: Methods . 108 Overview .
African Journal of Social Sciences Volume 2 Number 2 (2012) FOREIGN AID FLOWS, INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA: EREGHA, P.B

The poor economic performance and growth of African economies have become so worrisome and this has called for a wide range of research and discussions. Aid inflow has been identified in the literature both theoretically and empirically as an important catalyst for growth, however, aid inflow has been ineffective in salvaging the African economies from the mess. A number of reasons abound ranging from poor policies and as well as the diversion of aid from investment to unproductive consumption uses. Experts some determinants of growth such as investment and aid ineffectiveness might be as a result of uncertainty that might undermine investment. This paper contributes to the literature on aid and econo influencing the relationship between aid and investment cum growth link in a regionally based study specifically the ECOWAS region. The Pooled Panel Regression method is adopted for the study. Aid was fo significant effect on growth in the region. The study recommends that aid should not be seen as a medium to buy growth in these countries but other instrumentalists that undermine growth in these countries should be addressed wit increase in the inflow of quality aid to assist these countries.
Stare i nowe czynniki ryzyka sercowo- -naczyniowego — jak zahamować epidemię miażdżycy? Część II

Conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis are confirmed in 50–90% of patients with cardiovascular diseases. A number of genetic, biochemical and vascular wall features may determine cardiovascular risk, independent of classical risk factors. Some of them are pathophysiologically associated with atherothrombosis, for example genetic polymorphisms or coagulation factors. Moreover, C-reactive protein or plasma homocysteine are considered to be a reason for disease. Next, there are the markers of early injury of vascular wall, like increased carotid artery intima-media thickness or coronary calcium score. However, no convincing data from clinical trials is available to confirm that tailored treatment of the new cardiovascular risk factors brings therapeutic and prognostic benefits. One should stress, that the new risk determinants substantially increase our knowledge in patophysiology of cardiovascular disease, even if they do not contribute to risk stratification. (Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych 2010, vol. 1, no 3, 168–176)
Do Long Work Hours Impede Workers’ Ability to Obtain Health Services?

ii Acknowledgments. v Vita . vi List of Tables . xii List of Figures . xix Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 1) Working Long Hours and Adverse Outcomes . 3 2) Preventive and Chronic Health Care . 7 3) Long Work Hours and Access to Health Care . 22 4) Work-Family Balance, Dual-Earner Couples, and Health . 23 5) Potential Confounders in the Relationship between Long Work Hours and Access to Care. 33 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK . 36 SPECIFIC AIMS . 43
On Performance Analysis of Diagonal Variants of Newton's Method for Large -Scale Systems of Nonlinear Equations

In this paper, we compared and analyzed some newly diagonal variants of Newton methods for solving large -scale systems of nonlinear equations. Due to the fact that, the diagonal updating scheme is computationally less expensive than classical Newton methods and some of its variants. The two diagonal updating were introduced by Waziri et.al. [6] and Waziriet. al.[7] respectively . Reasonable analysis into the efficiency and stability of the two diagonal updating scheme are given by numerical evaluation of some benchmark nonlinear systems with Newton method and some of its variants.
Comparative Study of Text Line Segmentation Algorithms on Low Comparative Study of Text Line Segmentation Algorithms on Low Quality Documents Quality Documents

- Segmentation of text lines is one of the important steps in the Optical Character Recognition system. Text Line Segmentation is pre-processing step of word and character segmentation. Text Line Segmentation can be viewed simple for printing documents which contains distinct spaces between the lines. And it is more complex for the documents where text lines are overlap, touch, curvilinear and variation of space between text lines like in Telugu scripts and skewed documents. The main objective of this project is to investigate different text line segmentation algorithms like Projection Profiles, Run length smearing and Adaptive Run length smearing on low quality documents. These methods are experimented and compare their accuracy and results.
Optimization for a Collaborative Delivery System

- In recent years Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have been used progressively in numerous civilian and military applications. Furthermore, there have been countless studies concentrating on the UAVs for their utilization in delivery systems, aiming at improving quality of delivery and reducing manpower. However, there are still many complications which require to be investigated. One of these complications is the inadequacy of flight time due to power insufficiency of small battery used in such systems, which results in the UAV failure to serve all customers directly from the main warehouse. To overcome this issue, a collaborative system between UAV and UGV is proposed. This system will deal with the optimization problem otherwise known as Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and the issue is solved by using the nearest neighbor heuristic algorithm. Moreover, MATLAB software is employed to implement the algorithm and simulate the system. The result shows that this system is faster than the system using a regular delivery truck.
SECURITY ISSUES AND LINK EXPIRATION IN SECURE ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET: A REVIEW

: Link Expiration is a major problem in existing secure as well as non-secure routing protocols of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and is one of the most encouraging research areas. Due to link expiration packet loss and other routing overhead increased. So, the requirement is both: secure and reliable link. Secure communication in mobile ad hoc networks is difficult due to the following factors: mobility, limited resource availability, dynamic topology and limited processing power. MANETs are highly vulnerable to attacks namely, passive attacks and active attacks. Traditional routing protocols do not provide security. So, various secure routing protocols have been proposed to secure mobile ad hoc network. Link disconnection is another problem in mobile ad hoc network. Due to mobility of nodes link expires and the node has to find another route for sending the data. So, that route must be found in which the link does not expire before all the packets reach the destination. In this paper, the focus is on the security attacks present in the existing secure routing protocols and on those protocols which focus on link expiration time between nodes for sending the packets or data.
Hardware Implementaion of Image Acquisition system using FPGA & ARM

— In this paper, image data acquisition system has been introduced. In this task, a system of high-speed image data acquisition based on ARM and FPGA is designed according to the needs of actual system in image data transmission, which can be used in data monitoring and surveillance systems. The choice of ARM is a 32-bit embedded RISC microprocessor architecture, which has a rich instruction set and programming flexibility. FPGA has a great advantage in the speed and parallel computing, suitable for real-time requirements of image processing. The interface between camera module and FPGA as well as interface between FPGA and ARM is done using UART. Image from ARM is transmitted to PC using Ethernet
ENGLISH TEACHERS’ VOICES ON COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR READING IN INDONESIAN RURAL CLASSROOMS

The aim of this research was to find out whether English teachers teaching in rural areas in Indonesia are incorporating the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in their reading classes. The mixed research design included questionnaires, observations and interviews. A questionnaire was administered to 144 teachers in 68 rural high schools in Padang, West Sumatra. Out of these teachers, eight were chosen to be interviewed, and observations were conducted in their classes. Findings of the questionnaire showed that English teachers’ perceptions and attitudes are generally positive towards CLT in teaching reading. However, the results from observations and interviews with the teachers indicated that a majority of teachers still implemented the traditional (teacher-centred) approach in teaching reading compared to the student-centred approach as suggested by CLT. The preferred choice of teaching methods in teaching reading was influenced by several factors; namely, the students’ low proficiency level, their low degree of self-confidence and motivation, large class sizes, limited teaching schedule, and the teachers’ insufficient knowledge on CLT implementation. Finally, this research suggests that if Indonesia expects its policy of learning reform to be successful, intensive and consistent teacher development must be well-organized, and sufficient resources must be allocated so that all schools, especially those in rural areas, can meet the objectives.
Phylogenetic Relationship Among Some Species of Bruchinae Based Upon 16S And 12S Ribosomal RNA

Bruchids (pulse beetles) are cosmopolitan and the most destructive pests of stored pulses. The genus Callosobruchus (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae:Bruchinae) has its origin in Asia and Africa. In India, C. analis, C. maculatus and C. chinensis are the predominant pests of this group. They cause maximum damage to the stored grains in the months of February to August when all its developmental stages co-exist. In this study 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA gene fragments were used to analyze the phylogeneytic relationship of two of these species i.e. Callosobruchus analis and Callosobruchus maculatus with the other Bruchid species found worldwide. The sequences showed an A+T bias of >70% in conformation with the previous studies. The phylogenetic trees were drawn on the basis of maximum likelihood and neighbor joining methods using MEGA 6.06 algorithm. The species of the family Cerambycidae were included in the analysis to obtain rooted trees. Separate analysis of both the 12S and 16S genes strongly supported the monophyly of the Callosobruchus genus. Within the major cluster, C.analis formed a common clade with the African C.chinensis species while C.maculatus showed a closer relationship with African C.subinnotatus species. The clades were well supported by bootstrap values above 50. pests of legumes mainly Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculta, Vigna mungo and Cicer arietinum causing heavy economic losses to the farmers. These insects spend their entire larval and pupal stages in individual legume seeds thereby rendering them unsuitable for human consumption and reducing their germination potential. In India as much as 30-40% of grain is lost because of infestations from these pests. However during severe periods of infestation the damage can even reach up to 100% (Pruthi and Singh, 1950). Extensive studies have been carried out by many workers on insectplant co-evolution in the family chrysomelidae (Kergoat et al., 2005; Funk et al., 1995) but very few phylogenetic studies have been made for this family (Slobodchikoff and Johnson, 1973). Jei et al. studied the genetic differentiation amongst the geographic populations of the Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) based upon the mitochondrial COI and cytb genes. In the present study, a comparison of the mitochondrial 12S and 16SrRNA gene sequences of two species of Callosobruchus i.e. Callosobruchus analis and Callosobruchus maculatus with the members of Bruchinae has been carried out to understand their phylogenetic relationship. Material and Methods Sample culture: Sedentary individuals of the two species of Bruchids i.e. Callosobruchus analis (Fabricus) and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricus) constituted the material for the present investigation. Both these species are serious pests of the legumes of the family fabeaccae. Small populations of the species were reared
An Estimation of Correlation between the Head length and the Stature of the Children aged between 6-10 Years

The present study was conducted on 100 (50 males & 50 females) school students belonging to Bulandshahr region in Uttar Pradesh, aged between 6-10 years. The objective of this study was to find whether there is any significant correlation between the stature of an individual and the head length (in case of boys and girls of age group 6-10 years). The subjects were selected irrespective of their caste, religion, dietary habits & socio-economic status. Students having significant growth disorders, deformities, bony anomalies were excluded to rule out any gross anomaly in reconstruction of stature. The maximum height observed in case of males was 51.9 cm and minimum height was 43 cm and in females the maximum height was 53 cm and 40.5 cm. These values were used to calculate the multiplication factors, which in turn can result in estimating the stature. The anthropometric measurements were then summarized as mean and standard deviation. Multiplication factors for both males and females were calculated. These multiplication factors were used to estimate stature of the individual. These factors are specific for a particular group of population. Correlation coefficients were calculated for both males and females. A positive correlation coefficient was obtained from these measurements. A positive correlation was observed between head length and height in age group 6 10 years with correlation coefficient of +0.16 in males and +0.61 in females.
The production of a plant regeneration system from callus of DENDROBIUM cv. Serdang Beauty

An IN VITRO propagation protocol was established for the DENDROBIUM Serdang Beauty orchid. The propagation protocol utilized calli tissues that were successfully initiated from protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) explants, while the leaf and root tip explants died. The percentage of protocorm-like bodies explants responding to calli formation was 100% in all tested levels of IAA, IBA and NAA auxin treatments. The highest amount of calli (49.59 gram) proliferated on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L IBA. These calli successfully regenerated on media supplemented with either KIN or BAP cytokinins and combined treatments of KIN and IAA (4 mg/L) or NAA (1.5 mg/L). However, media supplemented with only 1 mg/L KIN was sufficient to produce significantly high percentage of plantlet formation (80%), high number of planlets per explant (4-5 plantlets) and high mean fresh weight per plantlet (11.128 g). These plantlets were acclimatized on all tested media and obtained satisfactory rate of plantlet survival (80-100%), mean number of leaves per plant (4-6 leaves), and mean leaf length (4 5 cm). Among these media, charcoal was considered the most economical and available material in the local market. During the development of this protocol, substantial necrosis of calli were observed when cultures were treated with 2,4-D and BAP. It was proposed that the presence of ethylene within the cultures, which is known to be emitted by plant growth regulators into the micro-climate of IN VITRO culture vessels, is the determining factor of a suitable plant growth regulator for the survival and growth of the DENDROBIUM Serdang Beauty calli cultures in our study.