Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in West Greenland: a link between the North Atlantic and North Pacific

Greenland is a continental island in the northern part of the North Atlantic where the foliose Bangiales flora is poorly known. It is an important area for the study of algal biogeography because of the region’s glacial history, in which Greenland has been alternately exposed to or isolated from the North Pacific via the Bering Strait. A molecular study using 3′ rbcL + 5′ rbcL–S sequences was undertaken to assess the diversity of foliose Bangiales on the west coast of Greenland and rbcL sequences were used to study the Greenland flora in a larger phylogenetic and floristic context. New and historic collections document seven species in four genera from the west coast of Greenland. All species had a close link to North Pacific species, being either conspecific with them or North Atlantic–North Pacific vicariant counterparts.
Ocean survival and exploitation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks from the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Juvenile tagging and escapement enumeration was conducted during 1985-1988 in nine streams within a 150-km section on the east coast of Vancouver Island. Fourteen coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks of wild, hatchery, and mixed origin were monitored for ocean survival and exploitation patterns. Estimates of smolt-to-adult survival ranged from 0.5 to 23.1%. Survival rates were highly variable across years and stocks. No stock or stock type had consistently higher survival, but one hatchery stock exhibited consistently lower survival. Average exploitation rates were about 80% each year, and were as high as 96% for some stocks. Exploitation rates were not consistently higher or lower for any stock or stock type, but hatchery reared coho tended to be subject to higher exploitation. Log-linear models were used to assess the effects of various factors on survival and exploitation. Certain hatchery rearing practices had a large influence on survival. Genetic factors, run timing, and stream location had lar.
Mathematical Argumentation Ability: Error Analysis in Solving Mathematical Arguments

This study aims to analyze errors made by students in solving mathematical arguments based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. It is a quantitative descriptive study. As many as 72 students of a senior secondary school were involved as the participants. The Mathematical Argumentation Ability Test (TKAM) was developed based on the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy (C1 to C6), and later distributed to the participants. The scores obtained from the test were analyzed. The results show that only 31% of students pass the test while 69% of students fail. Many students do not pass the test due to procedural errors and conceptual errors in solving the problems. Furthermore, based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, students who able to solve the problems only achieve the C3 level of cognitive domain, namely the ability to draw conclusion arguments
The twelve-foot basketball player task: STEM circles score points and win academic goals with emergent multilingual students

Abstract This article illustrates a “STEM Circle” approach to problem solving with students who are emergent multilinguals (a.k.a. English Language Learners or ELLs). Middle school educators know learning is constructed through active discovery and most effective when scaffolded within constructive sociocultural contexts. Yet applying those theories to middle school classrooms can be daunting—particularly when some students are still developing English proficiency while teachers are focusing on teaching science and mathematics. We propose a STEM Circle approach as one active-learning method that can teach content to all students, develop language skills among emergent multilingual students, and provide a realistic application of science and mathematics. Participating in STEM Circles also helps students from all language backgrounds persevere in solving problems and constructing viable arguments. To illustrate our STEM Circle approach we pose the question, “Will we ever have a 12-foot-tall basketball player? ” Before tackling this problem, we will explain the rationale for the STEM Circle approach and its relevance for science and mathematics middle school classrooms with emergent multilingual students.
The robust counterpart open capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows

The problem of transporting waste vehicle routes is one of the problems faced in big cities. Delay becomes a problem in the process of transporting waste. The route of garbage vehicles motivated this research. Thus, the optimization of vehicle routes is needed to minimize the distance and travel time. We investigated two robust optimization models, which are limited by vehicle capacity and time windows. Robust counterpart open capacitated vehicle routing problems with soft time windows is the first model. This model results in the arrival time of the vehicle on each TDS and FDS that may exceed the working hours. The second model is robust counterpart open capacitated vehicle routing problems with hard time windows. This model results in the arrival time of the vehicle on each TDS and FDS not to exceed the working hours. The two robust optimization models are solved using the exact approach and the heuristic approach. Complete the exact approach using the branch and bound method with LINGO software. Completion of the heuristic approach uses the Nearest Neighbour method. The two models that are solved by the branch and bound method and the Nearest Neighbour algorithm produce the optimal solution, obtained different sub tours.
The Role of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are classically known for regulating members of the metzincin protease family and are well recognized for their inhibitory effects in cancer development and progression. Despite their common evolutionary structure, the four TIMP proteins have unique properties and regulation, and produce distinct phenotypes when ablated. A comprehensive assessment of their function during tumorigenesis reveals substantial effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis as well as a potential role in genomic instability. The TIMPs universally inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, but their specific effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis are both tissue specific and context dependent. They exert these effects in a metalloproteinase-dependent as well as metalloproteinase-independent manner. Knowledge gained from these biological studies provides a foundation for the full understanding of TIMP function in physiology and various pathologies as well as for the development of the next generation of therapeutic metalloproteinase inhibitors.
Functional networks of co-expressed genes to explore iron homeostasis processes in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata

Abstract Candida glabrata is a cause of life-threatening invasive infections especially in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Part of human digestive and urogenital microbiota, C. glabrata faces varying iron availability, low during infection or high in digestive and urogenital tracts. To maintain its homeostasis, C. glabrata must get enough iron for essential cellular processes and resist toxic iron excess. The response of this pathogen to both depletion and lethal excess of iron at 30°C have been described in the literature using different strains and iron sources. However, adaptation to iron variations at 37°C, the human body temperature and to gentle overload, is poorly known. In this study, we performed transcriptomic experiments at 30°C and 37°C with low and high but sub-lethal ferrous concentrations. We identified iron responsive genes and clarified the potential effect of temperature on iron homeostasis. Our exploration of the datasets was facilitated by the inference of functional networks of co-expressed genes, which can be accessed through a web interface. Relying on stringent selection and independently of existing knowledge, we characterized a list of 214 genes as key elements of C. glabrata iron homeostasis and interesting candidates for medical applications.
Vegetative growth response of black cherry (Prunus serotina) to different mechanical control methods in a biosphere reserve.

We assessed the effectiveness of different management strategies against the non-native invasive tree species black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.). The species causes substantial management problems in European forest ecosystems, like the Valle del Ticino Biosphere Reserve in Italy, by suppressing the regeneration of native tree species. This can modify ecological key processes and cause biodiversity loss. Since chemical and biological control has mainly been abandoned in European forest ecosystem management, mechanical control measures are presently the preferred option to proceed against the black cherry but have shown very limited results in the reserve. The aim was to control the success of felling the species and to test other mechanical control methods such as girdling and snapping the trees with regard to their efficiency by quantifying the species’ growth reactions. For this purpose, observational studies were conducted in two forest stands of which one was treated in 1996 and the other more recen.
Population status of 14 shark species caught in the protective gillnets off KwaZulu-Natal beaches, South Africa, 1978-2003

Shark nets have been set off the beaches of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, since 1952 to reduce the risk of shark attack. The nets fish in fixed localities 400 m from shore and both directly affect local shark populations and act as fisheries-independent monitoring devices. Reliable catch information at the species level was available for the period 1978–2003. Trends in catch rate and size were used to assess the population status of 14 commonly caught shark species. In addition, a demographic modelling approach was used in conjunction with the catch information to assess the potential effect of the nets on populations. Catch rates of four species (Carcharhinus leucas, C. limbatus, Sphyrna lewini and S. mokarran) showed a significant decline, as did the mean or median length of three species (Carcharhinus amboinensis, C. limbatus and female Carcharodon carcharias). For three species that showed declining catch rates or length the potential effect of the shark nets was assessed to be low, suggesting that other sources of catch were responsible for the declining status. The potential effect of the shark nets was assessed to be high for two species (Carcharhinus obscurus and Carcharias taurus, neither of which showed declines in catch rate or length), because of very low intrinsic rates of population increase.
Early diagnosis with alternative approaches: innovation in lung cancer care

Cancer is one of the primary concerns of mortality throughout the world in the present day. Among different types of cancers, lung cancer (LC) is predominant (21.77% of overall cancer caused death). It is classified into two major categories: oat cell or small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mortality due to NSCLC (~85%) is almost six times higher than the SCLC (15%). The identification of risk factors can reduce cancer burden and human fatality; however, this cannot prevent the severity of LC. In this case, the early diagnosis of LC can be an effective pathway in providing better treatment to the patients, which eventually may result in less fatality. This article offers an overview of several existing screening methods for the early diagnosis of LC. Nevertheless, these methodologies have limitations of reliability towards the diagnosis of cancer malignancy. Therefore, the prospects of different alternative approaches and their challenges to overcome this barrier for the early diagnosis of malignant tumor cells have been articulated in this article.
The critical thinking skills test for 5-6 year-old children (CTTC): A study of validity and reliability

In this study, it was aimed to develop a measurement tool to determine the critical thinking skills of children. The Critical Thinking Skills Test for 5-6-Year-Old Children (CTTC) is composed of a total of 41 items and six subscales including interpretation, explanation, evaluation, inference, analysis, and self-regulation. As a result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis performed for the validity of the test, it was found that X2/df (1,19) value was less than 5, GFI, AGFI, NFI, and CFI values were higher than . 90, and RMSEA value was below 0.08. It was found that the Spearman correlation coefficient value applied for the criterion validity was over the moderate level and positive (r=0.66; p<0.05). The reliability of the test was analyzed by using the test-retest method. As a result of the analyses, it may be asserted that "The critical thinking skills test for 5-6-Year-Old Children (CTTC)" is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Assessing the Contribution of Anadromous Herring to Largemouth Bass Growth

Abstract Juvenile anadromous river herring (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis) spend the first 3 to 7 months of life in headwater lakes of coastal systems. Systems that support herring often produce trophy largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Even though biologists, managers, and anglers have speculated about the value of anadromous herring as a key prey for resident predators, the contribution that herring make to the diets of these predators has not been assessed. Herein, we quantified largemouth bass diets in two coastal lakes, Santuit and Coonamessett ponds, that contained anadromous herring, and we used bioenergetics modeling to evaluate the importance of herring prey to largemouth bass growth. During May through November 1994, largemouth bass diets consisted of various fish species, crayfish, and other invertebrates. Although not the most important prey overall, herring were the most important fish prey consumed in both lakes based on number of individuals consumed. I.
Measurement of isolated-photon plus two-jet production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt s=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon plus two-jet production in $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$. Cross sections are measured as functions of a variety of observables, including angular correlations and invariant masses of the objects in the final state, $\gamma+jet+jet$. Measurements are also performed in phase-space regions enriched in each of the two underlying physical mechanisms, namely direct and fragmentation processes. The measurements cover the range of photon (jet) transverse momenta from 150 GeV (100 GeV) to 2 TeV. The tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from SHERPA and PYTHIA as well as the next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from SHERPA are compared with the measurements. The next-to-leading-order QCD predictions describe the data adequately in shape and normalisation except for regions of phase space such as those with high values of the invariant mass or rapidity separation of the two jets, where the predictions overestimate the data.
Giardia lamblia: DIAGNÓSTICO COM O EMPREGO DE MÉTODOS MICROSCÓPICOS E Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

The protozoan Giardia lamblia is one of the etiological agents of diarrhea in children in Brazil, anddiagnosis may be difficult due to low sensitivity of the methods commonly used, due the intermittentliberation of cysts, which may lead to false-negative results. Thus, an enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) was developed for detection of G. lamblia antigens in fecal samples, consideringthat this immunoassay has been described to be simple, sensitive and specific when applied todiagnose various parasitic diseases. Thus, this study aimed to compare the ELISA technique withsingle stool sample to examination methods using centrifugal sedimentation (Ritchie technique) andcentrifugation-flotation (Faust technique), intending to demonstrate the importance of a method withgreater sensitivity. Fecal samplesfrom a total of 158 children aged 0-12 years, were examined in apublic municipal nursery in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The comparative resultsof the investigated techniques showed that ELISA has 3.0 times more chance than centrifugationflotation,and 3.4 times more chance than centrifugal sedimentation to detect positive samples ofG. lamblia. Overall, it was concluded that the ELISA was more efficient than the routine laboratorytechniques for the diagnosis of giardiasis, and it may be used for both individual and epidemiologicalassessments, as the technique allows for processing of multiple samples simultaneously.
Distribution of Benthic Communities on the Tropical Rocky Subtidal of Armação dos Búzios, Southeastern Brazil

Few studies have described the spatial patterns of rocky sublittoral benthic communities in Brazil, where these habitats are almost exclusively located on the southeast and south coastline. The fauna and flora were analyzed using a quadrat method, and the species abundance and distribution were determined along transects down to the bottom sand plain on 10 rocky shores at Armacao dos Buzios, Brazil. The 16 most common species accounted for around 97% of the benthos coverage and included cnidarians, algae, poriferans, and echinoderms. Cnidarians and algae were the most important groups, with abundance ranging from 13–66% and 27–68%, respectively. The species distribution indicated a clear depth zonation pattern. The algal community dominated the shallowest depths in sites more exposed to waves and steeper substrate slope, whereas the cnidarian community, divided into the zoanthidean Palythoa caribaeorum and the coral Siderastrea stellata, was more abundant from intermediate to greater (4 m) depths. Different community patterns were found between sites, demonstrating that different spatially discrete factors may be acting on each rocky shore.
Overexpression of Nicotianamine Synthase (NAS) Gene Results in Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass

ABSTRACTS As important forage crops, gramineous forage plants can also play role in improving natural environment, maintaining water and soil erosion with turfgrass plants together. Using the particle bombardment transformation system nicotianamine synthase gene was introduced into the callus of Lolium perenne. Twenty transgenic ryegrass lines were obtained from 105 pieces of G418-resistant calli, giving a 5.15% transformation frequency. PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that target gene was integrated into the genome of the transgenic plants. Transgenic plants displayed excellent drought resistant by expression of NASHOR gene in the field aridity experiment. The chlorophyll content of leaves in transgenic plant was higher than that of the controls in normal condition. The further observation in field experiment and identified resistance for these transgenic plants are underway.
Mid-Term Impact of Climate Change on Hazelnut Yield

The impacts of climate change on hazelnut production in Turkey—the world’s largest producer and exporter—may significantly affect the global hazelnut market depending on production and yield change. In this paper, based on gridded climate data with a 10-km horizontal resolution from regional climate model RegCM4.4 under the RCP8.5 business-as-usual scenario, multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate yield change for the period of 2021–2050. We examined a total of 88 different locations and three phenological growth stages. We observed that hazelnut yield exhibits considerable variability depending on the phenological and sub-regional and the microclimate conditions in the humid-temperate Black Sea and the semi-humid Marmara regions. Until the middle of the century, we project that hazelnut yield will decrease up to 13% in approximately half of the current production areas. In addition, the fact that the majority of the decreases will be observed in the eastern Black Sea sub-region will cause hazelnut quality to be adversely affected. These findings are highly relevant in the context of regional development and trade in Turkey, and hazelnut processing and manufacturing sectors abroad.
Short‐term effects of changing water table on N2O fluxes from peat monoliths from natural and drained boreal peatlands

The effect of the water table on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from peat profiles representing boreal peatlands of differing nutrient status was studied in the laboratory. Lowering of the water table in peat monoliths taken from two natural waterlogged peatlands for 14 weeks in a greenhouse at 20 °C increased the fluxes of N2O, an effect that was enhanced further by incubation in the dark. Raising of the water table in monoliths from two drained and forested peatlands caused cessation of the N2O fluxes from the drained peats, which had previously been sources of N2O. It is known that N2O fluxes have increased in peatlands drained several decades ago. The results suggest that it is not necessary for the water table to be lowered for several years to change a boreal peatland from a N2O sink to a source of the gas. In addition to the draining of peatlands, climate change can be expected to lower ground water levels during the summertime in the boreal zone, and this could cause marked changes in N2O fluxes from boreal peatlands by enhancing the microbial processes involved in nitrogen transformations.
Examination of the Computer Programming Self-Efficacy’s Prediction towards the Computational Thinking Skills of the Gifted and Talented Students

The study's goal was to examine the correlation between the computer programming self-efficacy and computational thinking skills of gifted and talented students. The capacity of the computer programming self-efficacy of gifted and talented students to predict their computational thinking skills were also examined. The relational screening model has been implemented in the research. The participants of the study were composed of 106 secondary school gifted and talented students studying the Individual Ability Recognition Program (IAR) at the Science and Art Center in the city center. Typical case sampling was applied for the student identification of the participants, 46 are female and 60 are male. Gifted and talented students' computational thinking skills were assessed using the "Computational Thinking Skills Scale” and the computer programming self-efficacy was measured by using the "Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Scale". Data were analysed by Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis in statistical software SPSS 22. Research results found that there was a positive and medium correlation between the computer programming self-efficacy and computational thinking skills. The gifted and talented students' computer programming self-efficacy demonstrated 31.5% of the total variance in computational thinking skills. This finding supports the claim which is present in the literature that self-efficacy in computer programming is the affective aspect of computational thinking skills. To predict computational thinking skills, it may be recommended to build multiple models for affective skills of gifted and talented students.