Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel Monte Carlo simulation in the canonical ensemble on the graphics processing unit

Graphics processing units (GPUs) offer parallel computing power that usually requires a cluster of networked computers or a supercomputer to accomplish. While writing kernel code is fairly straightforward, achieving efficiency and performance requires very careful optimisation decisions and changes to the original serial algorithm. We introduce a parallel canonical ensemble Monte Carlo (MC) simulation that runs entirely on the GPU. In this paper, we describe two MC simulation codes of Lennard-Jones particles in the canonical ensemble, a single CPU core and a parallel GPU implementations. Using Compute Unified Device Architecture, the parallel implementation enables the simulation of systems containing over 200,000 particles in a reasonable amount of time, which allows researchers to obtain more accurate simulation results. A remapping algorithm is introduced to balance the load of the device resources and demonstrate by experimental results that the efficiency of this algorithm is bounded by available GPU resource. Our parallel implementation achieves an improvement of up to 15 times on a commodity GPU over our efficient single core implementation for a system consisting of 256k particles, with the speedup increasing with the problem size. Furthermore, we describe our methods and strategies for optimising our implementation in detail.
Restoration of a Parmigianino's fresco: a micro-Raman investigation of the pictorial surface

We report on a Raman study performed on sub-millimetric sized samples taken from the surface of a fresco painted in 1522-24 by Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, 1503-1540) in the second Chapel of the S. Giovanni Evangelista Church in Parma, Italy, whose restoration has been recently fully completed. The 'palette' of pigments used by the artist has been established. X-ray micro-fluorescence measurements confirm the results obtained by the micro-Raman technique.
Joint sparsity based heterogeneous data-level fusion for target detection and estimation

Typical surveillance systems employ decision- or feature-level fusion approaches to integrate heterogeneous sensor data, which are sub-optimal and incur information loss. In this paper, we investigate data-level heterogeneous sensor fusion. Since the sensors monitor the common targets of interest, whose states can be determined by only a few parameters, it is reasonable to assume that the measurement domain has a low intrinsic dimensionality. For heterogeneous sensor data, we develop a joint-sparse data-level fusion (JSDLF) approach based on the emerging joint sparse signal recovery techniques by discretizing the target state space. This approach is applied to fuse signals from multiple distributed radio frequency (RF) signal sensors and a video camera for joint target detection and state estimation. The JSDLF approach is data-driven and requires minimum prior information, since there is no need to know the time-varying RF signal amplitudes, or the image intensity of the targets. It can handle non-linearity in the sensor data due to state space discretization and the use of frequency/pixel selection matrices. Furthermore, for a multi-target case with J targets, the JSDLF approach only requires discretization in a single-target state space, instead of discretization in a J-target state space, as in the case of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) or the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed JSDLF approach achieves excellent performance with near real-time accurate target position and velocity estimates.
Driving Device Comparison for Phase-Change Memory

A study is conducted to investigate the relative advantages of different driving devices for phase-change memory cells using 3-D numerical device simulation. Among various possible choices, p-n diodes and vertical gate-all-around (GAA) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are studied in detail as they represent distinct classes of driving devices. Different performance parameters including cell size, current drive, disturb immunity, power dissipation, and scalability are carefully compared. While p-n diodes show superiority in technology nodes with large device dimensions, the scaling process has improved the performance of GAA MOSFETs significantly to outperform that of p-n diodes in extremely scaled technologies.
A new method for the extraction of region-of-interest based on visual attention

Region of interest (ROI) plays an important role in image analysis, yet traditional ROI extraction result may be different from human's subject feeling. In this paper, a new approach based on visual attention is proposed considering that primates have remarkable abilities to interpret complex scenes real-time. This approach uses visual attention model to locate salient points. As a result, the most salient region is selected and marked as ROI. The proposed work is based on bottom-up influences of attention and, therefore, purely unsupervised. Furthermore, experiment results of the ROI extraction mentioned in the paper are given and show perfect performance when comparing with other traditional approaches.
Optimization of compressive 4D-spatio-spectral snapshot imaging

In this paper, a modified 3D computational reconstruction method in the compressive 4D-spectro-volumetric snapshot imaging system is proposed for better sensing spectral information of 3D objects. In the design of the imaging system, a microlens array (MLA) is used to obtain a set of multi-view elemental images (EIs) of the 3D scenes. Then, these elemental images with one dimensional spectral information and different perspectives are captured by the coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) which can sense the spectral data cube onto a compressive 2D measurement image. Finally, the depth images of 3D objects at arbitrary depths, like a focal stack, are computed by inversely mapping the elemental images according to geometrical optics. With the spectral estimation algorithm, the spectral information of 3D objects is also reconstructed. Using a shifted translation matrix, the contrast of the reconstruction result is further enhanced. Numerical simulation results verify the performance of the proposed method. The system can obtain both 3D spatial information and spectral data on 3D objects using only one single snapshot, which is valuable in the agricultural harvesting robots and other 3D dynamic scenes.
Towards A Colorimetric Digital Image Archive For The Visual Arts

The aim of this project is to produce a high-resolution, colorimetric and permanent digital archive of images taken directly from works of art. The proposed system is designed for use in education, research, galleries and museums. Tentative user requirements are examined with particular reference to resolution, image access and colorimetry. Existing technology and projects are considered. Some 3000x3000 pel images of paintings are used to illustrate the interrelationship between dimensions of the original, its inherent detail, scan resolution and display.
Infrared image synthesis for the wind-ruffled sea

The sea surface as an important form of background usually plays a decisive role in sea applications. Real backgrounds are expensive while sea simulation can generate realistic images under various conditions. In this paper, a physics based model of infrared image synthesis for wind-ruffled sea is proposed. It consists of an integrated process based on oceanographic models of sea waves and radiometric properties of sky and sea. First, an analytical, semi-empirical model is introduced to construct height fields as an approximation of the sea surface based on Gaussian random numbers with spatial spectra of a prescribed form. Then, an improved model is constructed to calculate the radiance of the water surface. Infrared sea radiance is therefore composed of thermal self-emission of the sea surface, reflected radiance of the sun (moon), sky and clouds, and radiance of the atmospheric path between the sensor and the sea surface. An infrared imaging illumination model is proposed to render the sea surface based on Torrance-Sparrow reflectance model. The radiance is calculated by ray tracing. Additionally, infrared effective emissivity of sea surface is incorporated to enhance the phenomenal realism. Finally, some results of real-time animation of wind-ruffled sea surface in atmospheric window are shown. The generating images of the sea surface are in good accordance with real images.
Regulation of Plasma Membrane V-ATPase Activity by Dissociation of Peripheral Subunits (*)

The plasma membrane V-ATPase of Manduca sexta larval midgut is an electrogenic proton pump located in goblet cell apical membranes (GCAM); it energizes, by the voltage component of its proton motive force, an electrophoretic K/nH antiport and thus K secretion (Wieczorek, H., Putzenlechner, M., Zeiske, W., and Klein, U.(1991) J. Biol Chem. 266, 15340-15347). Midgut transepithelial voltage, indicating net active K transport, was found to be more than 100 mV during intermoult stages but was abolished during moulting. Simultaneously, ATP hydrolysis and ATP-dependent proton transport in GCAM vesicles were found to be reduced to 10-15% of the intermoult level. Immunocytochemistry of midgut cryosections as well as SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots of GCAM demonstrated that loss of ATPase activity paralleled the disappearance of specific subunits. The subunits missing were those considered to compose the peripheral V1 sector, whereas the membrane integral V0 subunits remained in the GCAM of moulting larvae. The results provide, for the first time, evidence that a V-ATPase activity can be controlled in vivo by the loss of the peripheral V1 domain.
Status of the PALM-3000 high-order adaptive optics system

The PALM-3000 upgrade to the Palomar Adaptive Optics system on the 5.1 meter Hale telescope will deliver extreme adaptive optics correction in near-infrared wavelengths and diffraction-limited images in visible wavelengths. PALM-3000 will use a 3388-actuator tweeter and a 241-actuator woofer deformable mirror, a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with selectable pupil sampling, and an innovative wavefront control computer based on a cluster of 17 graphics processing units to correct wavefront aberrations at scales as fine as 8.1 cm at the telescope pupil using natural guide stars. The system is currently undergoing integration and testing, with deployment at Palomar Observatory planned in early 2011. We present the detailed design of key aspects of the adaptive optics system, and the current status of the deformable mirror characterization, wavefront sensor performance, and testbed activities.
Conversational sensemaking

Recent advances in natural language question-answering systems and context-aware mobile apps create opportunities for improved sensemaking in a tactical setting. Users equipped with mobile devices act as both sensors (able to acquire information) and effectors (able to act in situ), operating alone or in collectives. The currently- dominant technical approaches follow either a pull model (e.g. Apple’s Siri or IBM’s Watson which respond to users’ natural language queries) or a push model (e.g. Google’s Now which sends notifications to a user based on their context). There is growing recognition that users need more flexible styles of conversational interaction, where they are able to freely ask or tell, be asked or told, seek explanations and clarifications. Ideally such conversations should involve a mix of human and machine agents, able to collaborate in collective sensemaking activities with as few barriers as possible. Desirable capabilities include adding new knowledge, collaboratively building models, invoking specific services, and drawing inferences. As a step towards this goal, we collect evidence from a number of recent pilot studies including natural experiments (e.g. situation awareness in the context of organised protests) and synthetic experiments (e.g. human and machine agents collaborating in information seeking and spot reporting). We identify some principles and areas of future research for “conversational sensemaking”.
Lead time and inventory decisions in a push-and-pull system

This paper studies the design and control issues of a two-stage push-and-pull system with lead-time quotation and stock decisions. To evaluate the performance of different designs of the system, we construct a decision model to minimize holding costs of the semi-finished product and the finished product, the late delivery cost, and customer waiting cost by optimizing base-stock level of the semi-finished product and the quoted lead time. By using a constant service time at the push stage as a benchmark, we provide explicit formulas and accurate heuristics to compute and approximate the optimal solutions for various system settings. Moreover, we demonstrate the impact of the uncertainty of the push stage on the system design.
Optimal and secure transmission of stochastic load controlled by WACS — Swiss case

The load flow has a stochastic character due to the high penetration of renewable generation, especially wind power. Nowadays about 50 GW of wind power is installed in the UCTE power system. This causes difficulties especially in the optimal operation of the system and can lead to black outs due to problems with energy flow which is often not produced according to demand. An example occurred on November 4, 2006 when the UCTE system was divided into three parts with different frequencies. The reason for this was the uncontrolled share of power on the transit line caused by high, unpredicted wind penetration. In the paper a objective function for a WAC (wide area control) system has been defined. The Fribourg analog power system simulator, which has been used to test the flexibility of the proposed solution, will be presented too. The controllability of the system has been provided using a phasor measurement unit (PMU) installed in the simulator.
An all optical JPEG compression for colored images

The optical images compression was the subject of several research in the last decade because the coherent light, with its speed and the property to carry out a two-dimensional Fourier transformation instantaneously with coherent optics on the one hand (thanks to a convergent lens) and new technologies on the electro-optical interfaces on the other hand (modulating space of light SLM), makes it possible to quickly compress generally colored images. It gives us a real asset because the compression time is decreased and the field of the images to be compressed is increased. In this article we present an all optical method of colored images compression based on JPEG standard. This architecture will be validated by simulation and an optical setup of implementation will be proposed.
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Artemisia annua L

This study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of endophytic fungi isolated from A annua L. The ethyl acetate extracts were obtained by liquid-liquid partition of fermentation broth of endophytes followed by evaporation. Antimicrobial assay was determined by disc diffusion method. Cytotoxicty assay was conducted against T47D, WiDr and Vero using MTT assay. Data generated were used to determine IC50. While DP2 extract did not show any inhibition against all tested bacteria, DP6 extract at 200 µg inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. thypi with the highest inhibition against B. subtilis. Similarly, E2 extract inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli and S. thypi, with the highest inhibition against B. subtilis. The three extracts (DP2, DP6 and E2) were found to be cytotoxic against T47D and WiDr with E2 extract to be the most cytotoxic. These compounds were more selective against T47D cell line with IC50 of 91.7, 74.8 and 12.0 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 against Vero cell line are 444.4, 140.3 and 87.7 µg/mL, respectively.
An acceleration system for Laplacian image fusion based on SoC

Based on the analysis of Laplacian image fusion algorithm, this paper proposes a partial pipelining and modular processing architecture, and a SoC based acceleration system is implemented accordingly. Full pipelining method is used for the design of each module, and modules in series form the partial pipelining with unified data formation, which is easy for management and reuse. Integrated with ARM processor, DMA and embedded bare-mental program, this system achieves 4 layers of Laplacian pyramid on the Zynq-7000 board. Experiments show that, with small resources consumption, a couple of 256×256 images can be fused within 1ms, maintaining a fine fusion effect at the same time.
Research on PMD mitigation by using distributed fast polarization scrambling and FEC

Institute of Optical Communication and Optoelectronics Key laboratory of Optical Communication and Light wave Technologies, Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, P.O. Box 128, BUPT, No. 10 XiTuCheng Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100876, P.R. China. Phone:86-10-62282048-801; Fax:86-10-62281173-607;dahaihan@gmail.com Abstract: Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the major obstacles in high-speed (above 100 Gbits rate) and long-haul optical communication system. In order to meet the requirements of high-sped optical communication quality, some PMD compensation and mitigation schemes had been developed. Forward error correction (FEC) is useful to increasing the system margin. The combination of distributed fast polarization scrambler (D-FPS) and FEC is an effective method to improving the optical system’s PMD tolerance. The fundamental reason is that D-FPS can accelerate the redistribution of the link PMD to enable FEC to be more effective during the periods that would otherwise have PMD outages. Another advantage of this scheme is that it can mitigate the influence of PMD in multichannel system without feedback control and compensation based on each channel. The principle and performance of scrambling is introduced in this paper and the fundamental idea of improving PMD mitigation by using D-FPS combined with FEC is proposed. Some key factors such as scrambling speed and the number of scrambler which affecting the performance of this scheme are also introduced. Finally, proposing an assumption that the impact for system performance caused by the style of FPSs is distributed along the fiber link, and the mathematical estimation model is established. The combination of D-FPS and FEC would be a promising approach for performance improvement in ultra-high-speed optical communication system. ©2010 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.0060) Fiber optics and optical communications; (060.4254) Networks, combinatorial network design
Comparison of reconstruction approaches for plenoptic imaging systems

Plenoptic cameras provide single-shot 3D imaging capabilities, based on the acquisition of the Light-Field, which corresponds to a spatial and directional sampling of all the rays of a scene reaching a detector. Specific algorithms applied on raw Light-Field data allow for the reconstruction of an object at different depths of the scene. Two different plenoptic imaging geometries have been reported, associated with two reconstruction algorithms: the traditional or unfocused plenoptic camera, also known as plenoptic camera 1.0, and the focused plenoptic camera, also called plenoptic camera 2.0. Both systems use the same optical elements, but placed at different locations: a main lens, a microlens array and a detector. These plenoptic systems have been presented as independent. Here we show the continuity between them, by simply moving the position of an object. We also compare the two reconstruction methods. We theoretically show that the two algorithms are intrinsically based on the same principle and could be applied to any Light-Field data. However, the resulting images resolution and quality depend on the chosen algorithm.
A new region-edge based level set model with applications to image segmentation

Level set model has advantages in handling complex shapes and topological changes, and is widely used in image processing tasks. The image segmentation oriented level set models can be grouped into region-based models and edge-based models, both of which have merits and drawbacks. Region-based level set model relies on fitting to color intensity of separated regions, but is not sensitive to edge information. Edge-based level set model evolves by fitting to local gradient information, but can get easily affected by noise. We propose a region-edge based level set model, which considers saliency information into energy function and fuses color intensity with local gradient information. The evolution of the proposed model is implemented by a hierarchical two-stage protocol, and the experimental results show flexible initialization, robust evolution and precise segmentation.
Control and network system of force actuators for deformable mirror active optics in LAMOST

The reflecting Schmidt plate MA of LAMOST consists of 24 segmented hexagonal sub-mirrors. Each sub-mirror is 25mm thick and 1.1m in diagonal. There are 34 force actuators on the back of one sub-mirror which need to be controlled to offer precise load to create correct mirror deformation. This paper presents the control method and network configuration of force actuators for one sub-mirror. Master computer running Windows NT operation system and slave controllers running DOS operation system are connected together via Ethernet local area network (ELAN) by means of TCP/IP protocol. Adopting five slave controllers, 34 force actuators are combined into a distributed system. Master computer controls five slave controllers and five slave controllers operate 34 force actuators. Master computer communicates with slave controllers normally, which receives state of each force actuator from slave controllers and sends instructions to slave controllers via Ethernet LAN. Each slave controller operates 8 force actuators to offer correct load. Axial load capacity of force actuator is ±150N (pull and push) with accuracy RMS≤0.05N. Force sensor is used as close-loop feedback apparatus to detect the micro load of the actuator.
Darwin interferometer

Darwin was proposed [1] in 1993 to the European Space Agency as a mid-IR (5-30 micron) interferometry observatory with baselines greater than 50 metres. It would be a long-duration general purpose radiatively cooled observatory, to be launched in the 2009 2018 timeframe. Since then ESA has started a study of such a mission, called the Infrared Space Interferometer (IRSI), as one of its candidate Cornerstone missions in its Horizons 2000 plan. This paper describes some of the aspects of the Darwin concept as presently conceived by the members of the Darwin Informal Team. This Team is comprised of the original proposal authors and a number of additional persons.
A novel visual-inertial monocular SLAM

With the development of sensors and computer vision research community, cameras, which are accurate, compact, wellunderstood and most importantly cheap and ubiquitous today, have gradually been at the center of robot location. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) using visual features, which is a system getting motion information from image acquisition equipment and rebuild the structure in unknown environment. We provide an analysis of bioinspired flights in insects, employing a novel technique based on SLAM. Then combining visual and inertial measurements to get high accuracy and robustness. we present a novel tightly-coupled Visual-Inertial Simultaneous Localization and Mapping system which get a new attempt to address two challenges which are the initialization problem and the calibration problem. experimental results and analysis show the proposed approach has a more accurate quantitative simulation of insect navigation, which can reach the positioning accuracy of centimeter level.