Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Native and Enzymatically Modified Durian Seed (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Starch

Durian seed (Durio zibethinus Murr.) has a high starch content (46.2%) and thus can be used as a new source of starch for the raw materials of pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, we fabricated native and enzymatically modified durian seed starch using a rough enzyme extract from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Wet grinding method was used for starch production. Physicochemical characterization of the starches was investigated by organoleptic, acidity-basicity, loss on drying, flow capability, compressibility, ash content and microbial limit. In addition, viscoamylograph had been done to clarify the viscosity properties of the starches. The result of starch production showed that the durian seed had a starch yield of 17.68%. Physicochemical characterization of the starch showed that the results of quality testing had fulfilled the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia 4th edition standards requirements, such as description, identification, acidity-basicity, loss on drying, ash content and microbial limit. In addition, viscoamylograph study showed that the enzymatically modified durian seed starch had a higher viscosity than the native durian seed starch. Interestingly, modification of the durian seed starch using a rough enzyme extract improved its flow capability and compressibility. These results suggest that the modified durian seed starch experienced an increase in viscosity, compressibility and flow capability compared to native durian starch. Keywords: durian, seed, starch, enzymatic modification
Assembly‐Induced Emission of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Hiding Information

Fluorescent‐labeled cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films have been used to record and protect information in paper materials, whereas the fluorescent materials usually suffer photobleaching. Herein, a strategy of solid‐state emission induced by the vertical assembly of CNCs was established. The assembly‐induced emission starts from the structural diffraction of CNC, whose wavelength is adjusted into the ultraviolet (UV) region for hiding information under natural light. The small diameter (≈10 nm) of CNCs then promotes the resonance between the vertically assembled CNCs and the UV light, leading to a strong blue emission with an emitting quantum efficiency as high as 13.90%. By introducing the vertical‐assembly film with a specific pattern into paper materials, an anti‐counterfeiting image is obtained under a UV radiation. Since CNCs are a kind of cellulose with high crystallinity, this material can be a wear‐resistant anti‐counterfeiting material for banknotes or other paper applications.
Defect Modulation Doping

The doping of semiconductor materials is a fundamental part of modern technology, but the classical approaches have in many cases reached their limits both in regard to achievable charge carrier density as well as mobility. Modulation doping, a mechanism that exploits the energy band alignment at an interface between two materials to induce free charge carriers in one of them, is shown to circumvent the mobility restriction. Due to an alignment of doping limits by intrinsic defects, however, the carrier density limit cannot be lifted using this approach. Here, a novel doping strategy using defects in a wide bandgap material to dope the surface of a second semiconductor layer of dissimilar nature is presented. It is shown that by depositing an insulator on a semiconductor material, the conductivity of the layer stack can be increased by 7 orders of magnitude, without the necessity of high‐temperature processes or epitaxial growth. This approach has the potential to circumvent limits to both carrier mobility and density, opening up new possibilities in semiconductor device fabrication, particularly for the emerging field of oxide thin film electronics.
Rutin as a potential inhibitor to target peptidoglycan pathway of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall synthesis

Bacterial cell wall synthesis pathway “Peptidoglycan Synthesis” is implicated in the development of antibiotics against various pathogens and provides an interesting target for therapeutic intervention. A medicinally valuable flavonoid “Rutin”, have been shown to be effective against various pathogenic bacteria. Hence in this study, the prospective role of Rutin interaction in the capability against peptidoglycan synthesizing enzymes has been investigated, where the binding pattern of rutin with Mur ligases, MraY, FemX, FemA, FemB, and PBP2 have been studied. However, among them, Rutin interacted better with PBP2, which catalyze two important steps (transglycosylation and transpeptidation) of cell wall synthesis using TGase and TPase domains respectively. The interaction pattern and stability of Rutin towards both domains were studied individually through docking and simulation studies, which suggested that Rutin affinity towards TGase domain was more and similar to the reference molecule Moenomycin, compared to the TPase domain. Thus, were reported herein, Rutin as a novel structural class for inhibitor development based on the results which provided better insights on the interactional studies against S. aureus by targeting TGase domain of PBP2. *Correspondence to: Lakshmi PTV, Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India, Tel: 91-413-265-5947; Fax: 91-413-2655211, E-mail: lakanna@bicpu.edu. in, lakshmiptv@yahoo.co.in
In-situ growth hierarchical and superhydrophobic flower-like Cu3(PO4)2·2H2O nanosheets based on copper mesh for efficient oil–water separation

Abstract Superhydrophobic porous membranes with interconnected open structures for effective treatment oily wastewater have gradually drawn researchers’ attentions owing to frequent occurrence of organics leakage accidents. In this paper, we successfully fabricated superhydrophobic flower-like Cu3(PO4)2·2H2O nanosheets on copper mesh surface via in-situ growth strategy and silane coupling agent (A151) hydrophobic modification. Specifically speaking, commercial copper mesh served as substrate and Cu could react with (NH4)2S2O8 and Na2HPO4, forming flower-like micro-nanostructure. As-synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, chemical, mechanical stability and durability of as-prepared materials were also investigated under different condition. The relevant experiment results demonstrated that flower-like Cu3(PO4)2·2H2O nanosheets successfully grew on copper mesh surface, resulting in the formation of rough structure. Modified copper mesh showed superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties simultaneously with water contact angle (CA) of 151.24° and oil contact angle of 0°, respectively. The as-prepared materials could be used to separate oily wastewater with high separation efficiency (above 95.0%). The mechanism of oil–water separation was investigated in detail based on positive and negative capillary effect. High separation efficiency, excellent stability and durability of superhydrophobic copper mesh make it one of best promising separation candidates for wastewater treatment.
Making knowledge and meaning in communities of practice: What role may science play? The case of sustainable soil management in England

Social learning is gaining popularity as a tool for understanding and designing interactions between experts and farming communities to enhance the uptake of sustainable and innovative farming practices. To date, the literature has mainly focused on the technical role scientists and researchers play in social learning, as sources of or co‐producers of knowledge. Social learning, however, implies a dynamic between the creation of knowledge (what can be done) and the creation of meaning (what is considered worth doing). This paper addresses this research gap by exploring the roles that “expert” actors and their narratives perform in meaning‐creation. I argue that a sustainable soil management community of practice is emerging in England and discuss the dynamics of farmer participation in this community. I further argue that members of this community use scientific “experts” and narratives to inspire, justify and legitimise sustainable soil management as a valid way of being a “good farmer. ” This paper thus stresses the role that scientific or “expert” actors and narratives play in communities of practice as contributors to meaning‐creation inherent to social learning. How soil degradation will be addressed is as much a technical question, a question of what can be done, as a question of meaning, a question of what land managers consider worthwhile doing. The scientific community thus needs to work with the farming community not only to co‐produce technical solutions, but also to co‐produce shared visions of agrarian futures which put soils at their heart.
Internal Redox Couple in Silicon-Graphite Anode and its Influence on Degradation of Anode

Recent demands for long range electric vehicles have insisted on high capacity lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) by blending of silicon with graphite. In order to enhance the cell performance, it is important to understand interaction of lithium-ion movements in and between two anode materials with different electrochemical reactions, e.g. formation of Li-Si alloy accompanied with high volume change and intercalation of lithium-ion in graphite during lithiation. Here, we firstly report the methodology for deconvolution of the mixed state in silicon-graphite anode and detailed mechanism on internal redox reaction between silicon and graphite and sequential influence on degradation of silicon-graphite anode. Our results provide an insight to design of materials and an electrode for high performance of a cell.
Iii-nitride light emitting devices

Device, Yes and the substrate includes a III-nitride structure is grown on the substrate, III-nitride structure, a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and the p-type region doing. Substrate is Substrate has an in-plane lattice constant At least one Group III nitride layer of III-nitride structure has a bulk lattice constant
Encapsulation of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Sensory Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity in Commercial Soup

Nowadays rising consumer concern on the safety of synthetic chemical food preservatives is a reason for finding natural new antimicrobial agents, especially among the components of medicinal plants such as Essential Oils (EOs). However, most EOs are sensitive to oxygen, light, and temperature and can be easily degraded. Some EOs have strong taste, flavor, and affect the organoleptic characteristics of foods. Encapsulation can control these unpleasant characteristics. Using yeast cells as encapsulating agents and delivery systems for active ingredients has been widely investigated. Encapsulation in yeast cells has a wide range of advantages such as processes simplicity, commercial availability, low cost-high volume process, and needless of toxic solvents. In this study, the antibacterial activity of free and encapsulated Zataria multiflora Bioss. Essential Oil (ZEO) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes as important foodborne pathogens were evaluated. The sensory evaluation of both forms of ZEO in a food model was also done. ZEO was successfully encapsulated into S. cerevisiae cells. Carvacrol and thymol contents in loaded yeasts were determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of free and loaded ZEO were studied against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes; their antibacterial effects in the commercial chicken soup was investigated, and their sensory attributes in the commercial soup were evaluated as well. Our results showed significant decreases in the MIC and MBC values of ZEO in culture media after encapsulation; however, the antibacterial activity of ZEO in commercial chicken soup showed no significant differences after encapsulation (P>0.05). ZEO encapsulation improves its sensory score and hence, decreases its organoleptic effects in food (P<0.01). Considering acceptable sensorial scores of loaded ZEO in yeast cells, this method can practically be applied in food systems as natural biopreservation.
Functional Characterization of Integrated Chemotaxis Pathways and Proteins in the Soil Bacterium, Azospirillum brasilense

Most chemotactic motile bacteria possess multiple chemotaxis signaling systems, the function of which is typically not fully characterized. Chemotaxis signaling is initiated by chemoreceptors that assemble as large arrays, together with chemotaxis coupling proteins (CheW) and histidine kinase proteins (CheA) which form a baseplate with the cytoplasmic tips of receptors. These arrays, found in the polar regions of bacteria, mediate sensing, signal amplification, and signaling during bacterial chemotaxis responses. Membranebound chemoreceptors with different cytoplasmic domain lengths segregate into distinct arrays, as expected for ensuring productive assembly with baseplate proteins. Here, we provide evidence that a bacterium which utilizes two chemotaxis signaling systems, each encoding a complete set of chemotaxis proteins with distinct effects on motility, coordinates its chemotactic responses through the production of two distinct membranebound chemoreceptor arrays, each with baseplates comprised of paralogs from the two pathways. Using electron tomography and fluorescence microscopy we show that proper localization of chemotaxis proteins involved in baseplate formation (CheW, CheA) from one chemotaxis system depends on the presence of the proteins from the other chemotaxis system. We also show that the polar localization of membrane-bound chemoreceptors of 21 different length classes is compromised unless baseplate signaling proteins from both chemotaxis systems are present. Furthermore, chemoreceptors and chemotaxis proteins from each of the chemotaxis signaling system can physically interact with one another, supporting the hypothesis that they mix to form functional chemotaxis signaling baseplates. We propose that integration of chemotaxis signals detected by different chemotaxis systems is facilitated by mixing signaling baseplate proteins into polar chemoreceptor arrays. Given the propensity of chemotaxis systems for horizontal gene transfer, we surmise that this is unlikely a unique mechanism to coordinate signaling from distinct chemotaxis systems.
Phosphonium-based ionic liquids as electrolyte for supercapacitors

Abstract Over the last several years ionic liquids based on phosphorus salts have been attractive as the subject of many investigations for a myriad of applications in different fields, in particular, in batteries and supercapacitors. We focused on the applications of phosphorous-based ionic liquids as electrolyte for supercapacitors. Conductivity of synthesized tri(tert-butyl)(decyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate was studied in carbon paste electrode composite . Cyclic voltammogram was obtained in CH3CN solution. Electrochemical properties, energy data and conductivity make the phosphonium ionic liquids particularly attractive as electrolytes for supercapacitors. Graphical Abstract
Dynamics of rod-like macromolecules in concentrated solution. Part 2

As a continuation of a previous paper, the rheological properties of a concentrated solution of rod-like macromolecules are discussed. A procedure for calculating the stress tensor for a given flow history is presented and, as a special case, simple steady shear flow is studied in detail. Some interesting feature of the results are: (i) the steady state viscosity η(0) at zero shear rate and the first and second normal stress coefficients Ψ1(0) and Ψ2(0) all depend very strongly on molecular weight M and mass concentration ρ, with η(0)∝ρ3M6 and Ψ1(0), Ψ2(0)∝ρ5M13; (ii)Ψ2(g) is negative and about –2/7 of Ψ1(g) where g is the velocity gradient; (iii) the shear stress shows an extremum as a function of shear rate, indicating an instability of flow at certain shear rate. As a byproduct of the theory, a stress-optical law is predicted.
A large contribution of anthropogenic organo-nitrates to secondary organic aerosol in the Alberta oil sands

Abstract. The oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada, represents a large anthropogenic source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Atmospheric emissions from oil sands operations are a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Their interaction can affect the formation and characteristics of SOA during plume dispersion, but their chemical evolution remains poorly understood. Oxidative processing of organic vapours in the presence of NOx can lead to particulate organo-nitrate (pON) formation, with important impacts on the SOA budgets, the nitrogen cycle and human health. We provide the first direct field evidence, from ground- and aircraft-based real-time aerosol mass spectrometry, that anthropogenic pON contributed up to half of SOA mass that was freshly produced within the emission plumes of oil sands facilities. Using a top-down emission-rate retrieval algorithm constrained by aircraft measurements, we estimate the production rate of pON in the oil sands region to be ∼15.5 t d−1. We demonstrate that pON formation occurs via photo-oxidation of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) in high-NOx environments, providing observational constraints to improve current SOA modelling frameworks. Our ambient observations are supported by laboratory photo-oxidation experiments of IVOCs from bitumen vapours under high-NOx conditions, which demonstrate that pON can account for 30 %–55 % of the observed SOA mass depending on the degree of photochemical ageing. The large contribution of pON to freshly formed anthropogenic SOA illustrates the central role of pON in SOA production from the oil and gas industry, with relevance for other urban and industrial regions with significant anthropogenic IVOC and NOx emissions.
Study on the preparation and drug release property of Modified PEG-DA based hydrogels

The aim of the present study is to develop hydroxyapatite modified PEG-DA and PEG-DA/HEMA based hydrogels for release of Donepezil HCl for potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. [2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone] (Irgacure 651), 1 Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184) and 2-Hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959) were used as photo-initiators in the synthesis of hydrogels and hydroxyapatite was used for modifying hydrogels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and digital microscope were utilized to investigate the characteristics properties of hydrogels. Photopolymerization technique was selected to synthesize for hydrogels. Swelling and drug release studies have been performed under different pH conditions.
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON DATE PALM CV. BARHI 2. LEAVES MINERAL CONTENT

This experiment was carried out in a private palm farm located in Great Musayib enacted / Babylon province on Barhi dates palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivar to determine the effect of spraying of chitosan and soil additives for both organic fertilizers and amino acids and seaweed extract in some leaves mineral content (nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc) by spraying the chitosan at concentrations of 5 ml. l-1 and 10 ml.L -1 and the addition of both organic fertilizer and amino acids and seaweed extract at concentrations (1, 2) kg.tree -1 and (3 , 6) ml . L - 1 and (4, 8) ml l -1 respectively. Each treatment replicated five times with a factorial experiment using RCBD, one date palm for experimental unit.The following are the main findings, The effect of chitosan spray significantly in the leaves mineral content as the concentration gave at10 ml.L -1 (C2) significantly increased leaves N content of 1.07 %, leaves K content of 1.28 % and leaves zinc content of 22.99 mg.kg-1 dry weight. That spray at levels 8ml.L-1(S2) significantly superiority of the control treatment and gave the highest leaves K content of 1.40 % and leaves Mn content of 1.233 mg.kg-1 dry weight, amino acid at 6 ml. L - 1(A2) treatment gave the highest leaves N content of 1.14 %, leaves P content of 0.180 %, leaves Fe content of 178.6 mg.kg-1 dry weight,. While the lowest results in the control treatment.
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Cirrhosis and How an Adenosine Derivative Could Revert Fibrosis

Hepatic fibrosis occurs in response to persistent liver damage and is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. When the damage is prolonged, there is a chronic inflammation and persistent hepatic fibrosis eventu-ally leads to cirrhosis, where in addition to the scar, there is an important vascular remodeling associated with portal hypertension and, if decompensated, leads to death or can develop hepatocellular carcinoma. We have been studying the pharmacologic functions of adenosine, finding that a derivative of this nucleoside, IFC305, shows hepatoprotective effects in a CCl 4 -induced rat cirrhosis model where it reverses liver fibrosis through modulation of fibrosis-related genes and by amelio-rating hepatic function. Furthermore, this compound has the property to rescue cell cycle inhibition in vivo , prevents hepatic stellate cell activation, modulates anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, and favors a chromatin context that could decrease the genomic instability and characteristics of cirrhosis, enabling the recovery of gene expression profile. Here we show results that contribute to the comprehension of molecular and cellular mechanism of cirrhosis, give the opportu-nity to suggest biomarkers to the early diagnostic of this pathology, and constitute the fundaments to suggest IFC-305 as a coadjuvant for treatment of this disease.
Therapeutics potential of Ocimum basilicum following mercury chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Globally mercury (Hg) has been reported as one of heavy metal of known toxicity, noted for inducing public health disasters. Present study examines the therapeutics potentials of Ocimum basilicum on mercury chloride (HgCl2) induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups (A-F) of five rats each. Group A served as control was given 2 mL/day of distilled water, Group B, C, D, E and F received 500 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of O. basilicum extract, 20 mg/kg/bwt of HgCl2, 40 mg/kg bwt of HgCl2, 20 mg/kg bwt of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt O. basilicum leave extract, 40 mg/kg bwt and 500 mg/kg bwt O. basilicum administered daily by gastric gavage, for 21 consecutive days. The gross anatomical parameters of the liver and liver histology were assessed. Liver oxidative stress was evaluated by liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. The activities of the biomarker enzymes of the liver (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed). Histological profiles of the liver revealed derangement of the liver cytoarchitecture following consumption of mercury chloride and a marked improvement was observed after O. basilicum administration. Similarly, O. basilicum improved the reduction of antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) and the increased MDA caused by mercury chloride consumption. O. basilicum thus proffer protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress in mercury chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.