Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in 3D Live Cell Imaging

A short overview on 3D live cell imaging is given. Relevant samples are described and various problems and challenges—including 3D imaging by optical sectioning, light scattering and phototoxicity—are addressed. Furthermore, enhanced methods of wide-field or laser scanning microscopy together with some relevant examples and applications are summarized. In the future one may profit from a continuous increase in microscopic resolution, but also from molecular sensing techniques in the nanometer range using e.g., non-radiative energy transfer (FRET).
Climate Trends on the Highest Peak of the Northeast: Mount Washington, NH

Abstract - Climate change in mountains can vary with elevation, but there is a paucity of long-term climatological datasets for examination of elevational patterns. In the Northeast, there are 2 robust datasets from the highest peak, Mount Washington Summit and Pinkham Notch, NH. We examined trends for temperature, snow, and other derived climate indicators for the period of 1930s through 2018. Results reveal changing climate conditions, consistent in direction of change, including warming temperatures, changing winters, and extended growing seasons. Differences occur with weaker winter warming on the summit, and snow-related indicators providing unclear results for wind-influenced upper elevations. Recommendations for distributed monitoring, particularly for snow metrics, are encouraged for an improved understanding of the complex climate-change response on the mountains in the Northeast.
Nitrogen-Enriched Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels Derived from Marine Chitin for Energy Storage and Environmental Remediation

Nitrogen-enriched (N-enriched) carbon nanofiber aerogels (NCNAs) with an ultrafine nanofiber network structure were designed and prepared by using chitin nanofiber aerogels as the precursor. Because of the uniform nanofibrous architecture and nitrogen-rich composition of chitin nanofiber aerogels, the NCNAs exhibited large specific surface area (490–1597 m2 g–1) and a high nitrogen content (2.07–7.65%). As a consequence, supercapacitor electrodes prepared from NCNA-900 showed specific capacitances as high as 221 F g–1 at the current density of 1.0 A g–1 and good capacitance retention of 92% over 8000 cycles in a 6.0 mol L–1 KOH electrolyte without further activation. Moreover, the NCNA-900 could also be applied as an effective adsorbent for dye adsorption, such as Congo red (496 mg g–1) and Rhodanine B (489 mg g–1). In view of an excellent electrochemical performance and high adsorption capacities for dyes as well as cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches, NCNAs derived from marine chitin show great p.
Classifier Performance Evaluation for Lightweight IDS Using Fog Computing in IoT Security

In this article, a Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) using a Modified Vector Space Representation (MVSR) N-gram and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model for securing the Internet of Things (IoT), based on lightweight techniques and using Fog Computing devices, is proposed. The Australian Defence Force Academy Linux Dataset (ADFA-LD), which contains exploits and attacks on various applications, is employed for the analysis. The proposed method is divided into the feature extraction stage, the feature selection stage, and classification modeling. To maintain the lightweight criteria, the feature extraction stage considers a combination of 1-gram and 2-gram for the system call encoding. In addition, a Sparse Matrix is used to reduce the space by keeping only the weight of the features that appear in the trace, thus ignoring the zero weights. Subsequently, Linear Correlation Coefficient (LCC) is utilized to compensate for any missing N-gram in the test data. In the feature selection stage, the Mutual Information (MI) method and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) are utilized and then compared to reduce the number of input features. Following the feature selection stage, the modeling and performance evaluation of various Machine Learning classifiers are conducted using a Raspberry Pi IoT device. Further analysis of the effect of MLP parameters, such as the number of nodes, number of features, activation, solver, and regularization parameters, is also conducted. From the simulation, it can be seen that different parameters affect the accuracy and lightweight evaluation. By using a single hidden layer and four nodes, the proposed method with MI can achieve 96% accuracy, 97% recall, 96% F1-Measure, 5% False Positive Rate (FPR), highest curve of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), and 96% Area Under the Curve (AUC). It also achieved low CPU time usage of 4.404 (ms) milliseconds and low energy consumption of 8.809 (mj) millijoules.
The alternative use of medicinal plants in the treatment of depression caused by pesticide: A literature review

— In the last decade, Brazil has expanded the pesticide market by 190%, becoming to be the first place in the world ranking of consumption since 2008. This way, the negative impacts for the environment and human health, because of the exposure to chemical inputs, are diverse. Among the disorders caused, depression stands out, due to the exposure of field workers to pesticides. As a possibility to an alternative treatment there is the use of plants to control depression. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of publications in the last five years about plants that can be used in the alternative treatment of depression. This is a bibliographic search, in the integrative review modality. Thus, nine papers were selected from scientific studies with medicinal plants used to control depression. Among the mentioned plants that were used in the antidepressant treatment there is the Hypericum perforatum, Crocus sativus, Valeriana officinalis, Lavandula officinalis e Rosmarinus officinalis. Given to the exposure of farmers and the surrounding populations to agrochemicals and also to the repercussion, such as depression, the alternative use of medicinal plants in the treatment of this disease, it is shown as an important alternative. Therefore, this review brought the knowledge of a diversity of plants with mediated antidepressant activity.
Nonprofits’ Receipt of Government Revenue in China: Institutionalization, Accountability and Political Embeddedness

Government funding constitutes a key source of revenue for nonprofits to survive. However, how to acquire government funding has not received sufficient scholarly attention yet, and the limited number of studies yields three major limitations. In order to address this knowledge gap, we examine the extent to which accountability, institutionalization, and political embeddedness affect nonprofits’ receipt of government revenue and the amount acquired from the government from the perspective of interorganizational relationship, particularly the government-nonprofit relations angle. Using two years panel data derived from a sample of 382 social service organizations in Guangdong Province, China, the research shows that nonprofits that are accountable to the government, more formalized, and hold (or once held) cadre positions at county and municipal level are more likely to acquire government funding. The effect of political council membership and being accountable to the public are relatively limited.
A general approach for calculating melt–solid impurity segregation coefficients based on thermodynamic integration

The equilibrium segregation of impurities at the melt–solid interface during silicon crystallization is a key factor in determining the impurity concentration and distribution in the crystal. Unfortunately, this property is difficult to measure experimentally due to the presence of complex transport physics in the melt. Here, using the Tersoff family of empirical potential models, we describe a thermodynamic integration framework for computing the interstitial oxygen and substitutional carbon segregation coefficients in silicon. Thermodynamic integration using an ideal gas reference state for the impurity atoms is shown to be an efficient and convenient pathway for evaluating impurity chemical potentials in both solid and liquid phases. We find that the segregation coefficient is captured well for substitutional carbon impurity while it is significantly underestimated for interstitial oxygen. The latter discrepancy is partially attributed to the qualitatively incorrect silicon solid-to-liquid density ratio predicted by the empirical interatomic potential.
Is Recreational Marijuana a Gateway to Harder Drug Use and Crime?

Recreational marijuana laws (RMLs), which legalize the possession of small quantities of marijuana for recreational use, have been adopted by 18 states and the District of Columbia. Opponents argue that RML-induced increases in marijuana consumption will serve as a “gateway” to harder drug use and crime. Using data covering the period 2000-2019 from a variety of national sources (the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Vital Statistics System, and the Treatment Episode Data Set) this study is the first to comprehensively examine the effects of legalizing recreational marijuana on hard drug use, arrests, drug overdose deaths, suicides, and treatment admissions. Our analyses show that RMLs increase adult marijuana use and reduce drug-related arrests over an average post-legalization window of three to four years. There is little evidence to suggest that RML-induced increases in marijuana consumption encourage the use of harder substances or violent criminal activity, and some evidence that RMLs may aid in reducing opioid-related mortality.
Students' Experiences of 2D and 360° Videos With or Without a Low-Cost VR Headset: An Experimental Study in Higher Education

Aim/Purpose: This case study examines students’ affective responses to and relationships with two-dimensional (2D) and 360° videos that were experienced with or without low-cost virtual reality (VR) headsets. Background: The prior research on low-cost VR technology is scant. Schools and universities are not financially able to purchase tens or hundreds of expensive inbuilt VR headsets. Therefore, we recommend an alternative, low-cost solution. Methodology: We conducted the experiment with students’ (N=100) responses to videos and VR technologies used in a higher education setting. We also applied a quantitative research approach examined in light of media richness and affective experience theories. Contribution: This study provides evidence of the integral role that VR technologies and 360° video content play, because using low-cost VR headsets potentially decreases the initial affective experiences of 360° videos among students. Although VR headsets improve media richness, they might simultaneously weaken students’ overall affective experiences if they experience usability challenges. Findings: The results showed that using low-cost VR headsets decreased positive user experiences when they were watching 360° videos. The 360° video experience was noted to be better without low-cost VR headsets. Low-cost VR headsets with a smartphone and 360° videos were found to be complicated to set up and use among first-time users. However, 360° videos created a more positive affect than did 2D videos. We also found that the positive affect of videos enhanced the social sharing intention. Recommendations for Practitioners: Educational institutes and teachers with limited financial budgets need to plan and manage courses that increases their need to adopt low-cost VR headsets. However, a poor initial user experience of low-cost VR technology usability might create negative student attitudes, which might hinder VR’s adoption rate in higher education. Recommendation for Researchers: This study provides a new understanding about students’ affective experiences of 2D videos and 360° videos with and without low-cost VR headsets. The results show that positive user experiences of 2D and 360° videos enhance students’ interest in sharing and collaboration in digital learning environments. Impact on Society: The results help educators to predict possible usability challenges in selecting the proper rich media for different learning situations. Additionally, the results assist educators to design VR assisted courses that motivate students. Future Research: The experimental comparison of different VR solutions and traditional learning technologies merits further examination. Additionally, more research is needed to determine the relationship of VR technologies, video content and learning methods, because technological features and content are tightly integrated in VR.
Spatial-temporal Attention Fusion for Tra�c Speed Prediction

: Accurate vehicle speed prediction is of great significance to the urban traffic intelligent control system. However, in terms of traffic speed prediction, the modules that integrate temporal and spatial features in the existing traffic speed prediction methods are effective in short-term prediction, but the medium-term or long-term prediction errors are relatively large. Aiming at this limitation, this paper proposes a traffic speed prediction method that combines attention and Spatial-temporal features, referred to as ASTCN. Specifically, unlike previous methods, ASTCN can use the temporal attention convolutional network (ATCN) to separately extract temporal features from the traffic speed features collected by each sensor, and use the spatial attention mechanism to extract spatial features and then perform spatial-temporal feature fusion. Experiments on three real-world datasets show that the proposed ASTCN model outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines.
Dental occlusion ties: A rapid, safe, and non‐invasive maxillo‐mandibular fixation technology

For decades, Erich arch bars have been a standard in establishing maxillo‐mandibular fixation (MMF). While reliable, the approach risks sharps injury, consumes operating room time, and inflicts gingival trauma. Newer technologies including screw‐based techniques and “hybrid” techniques have improved MMF by reducing sharps injuries and operating room time, but risk injury to tooth roots, nerves, and gingiva. This study aims to establish the application, strengths, and limitations of dental occlusion ties as a novel alternative in maxillo‐mandibular fixation.
Persuasive colours for trust in E-commerce: Dutch blue or Russian red?

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the effects of web store colours (blue or red) on e-commerce. Specifically, a comparison is made between consumers from two cultures: Dutch and Russian. They participated in an experimental survey and expressed their trust in a web store and their intention to purchase a low-involvement product (a laptop sleeve). The results showed that initial trust and cultural background seem to influence online purchase intention. Higher levels of initial trust were related to higher purchase intentions. Interestingly, where the more uncertainty-avoidant Russian consumers trusted the web store, the Dutch consumers were more likely to purchase the product, regardless of the colour they were exposed to. It is recommended to unravel the degree of localisation of web stores’ atmosphere in global e-commerce. Consumers from different cultural backgrounds might not feel and behave the same in a differently coloured, online retail environment.
Positive wellbeing and resilience following adolescent victimisation: An exploration into protective factors across development

Abstract Background Not all victims of bullying go on to develop problems with their mental health. To understand factors that may confer resilience, many have explored the moderating role of protective factors in relation to mental illness. No study to date, however, has considered moderators of adult wellbeing following victimisation. We explore 14 protective factors and test whether these promote good adult wellbeing in addition to prevent mental illness following victimisation. In doing so, we aimed to understand how positive mental health and resilience can be promoted. Methods Data were derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants were assessed for wellbeing and depressive symptoms at age 23, as well as victimisation in adolescence, and protective factors across development. Protective factors were categorised into individual‐, family‐ and peer‐level, and included factors like social skills, perceived school competence, and relationships with family and peers. The moderating role of the protective factors were examined using interactive regression models. Results Perceived scholastic competence was the only factor that mitigated some of the negative effects of victimisation. Individuals with higher perceptions of scholastic competence had higher wellbeing in adulthood than victims with lower perceptions of competence. No protective factors positively moderated life satisfaction or the risk of depressive symptoms; although findings suggest that friendships in late adolescence may be protective for individuals exposed to less frequent victimisation. Conclusions Our study is the first to explore a wide range of protective factors in predicting adult wellbeing following victimisation. We identify factors involved specifically in supporting wellbeing but not in reducing the risk of depression. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing perceptions of scholastic competence in childhood may help to support more positive wellbeing in adulthood.
Reasonable Scope of Kilometer Drilling in Lower Layer of Extrathick Coal Seam: A Case Study of Tingnan Coal Mine, China

When stratified mining is adopted in high-gas and extrathick coal seam, a large amount of pressure-relief gas of the lower layer flows into the upper layer goaf along the cracks in the layer, resulting in upper layer working face to frequently exceed the gas limit. And ordinary drilling can no longer meet the requirements of the pressure-relief gas drainage of the lower layer. The 205 working face of Tingnan Coal Mine is taken as the test background in this paper, and based on the “pressure-relief and flow-increase” effect of the lower layer under the action of mining stress during the upper layer mining, the gas drainage of kilometer directional drilling in lower layer is studied. According to the distribution characteristics of support pressure before and after the working face, the pressure-relief principle, fracture development characteristics, and gas migration law of the lower layered coal body are analyzed in the process of advancing the upper layered working face in the extrathick coal seam with high gas. The maximum depth of goaf damage is calculated theoretically, and the Flac3D numerical simulation of the failure deformation of the 205 working face floor is carried out. It is found that the maximum depth of plastic failure of the lower layer is about 13 m. According to the plastic deformation of the lower layer under different vertical depths and the movement of coal and rock mass, it is determined that the reasonable range of kilometer directional drilling in the lower layer is 6–9 m below the floor vertical depth. From 15 m to 45 m in the two parallel grooves, there is no fracture failure with a sharp increase or decrease in the displacement in the local range. Meanwhile, in this part, the roof falling behind is not easy to compaction, and the displacement of the floor is large, which does not cause plastic damage. The degree of pressure relief is more sufficient, and the permeability of the lower layer is good. Therefore, drilling should be arranged as much as possible along the working face in this tendency range. The determination of reasonable arrangement range of kilometer directional drilling in extrathick coal seam provides reference index and theoretical guidance for industrial test of working face and also provides new ideas for gas control of stratified mining face in high-gas and extrathick coal seam.
Net Ecosystem Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Rice-Spring Wheat System of Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains

Rice growing under anaerobic conditions followed by spring wheat under an aerobic environment differentially impact the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in rice-wheat systems of the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). This is the first estimation of the NEE in a rice-spring wheat sequence via the eddy covariance technique in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains, which was partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) and correlated with the environmental variables. Higher CO2 uptake of −10.43 g C m−2 d−1 was observed in wheat during heading as compared to −7.12 g C m−2 d−1 in rice. The net uptake of CO2 was 25% lower in rice. The average daily NEE over the crop season was −3.74 and −5.01 g C m−2 d−1 in rice and wheat, respectively. The RE varied from 0.07–9.00 g C m−2 d−1 in rice and from 0.05–7.09 g C m−2 d−1 in wheat. The RE was positively correlated with soil temperature at 5 cm depth (0.543, p < 0.01) in rice and with air temperature (0.294, p < 0.01) in wheat. The GPP was positively correlated with air temperature (0.129, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (−0.315, p < 0.01) in rice. In wheat, GPP was positively correlated with air temperature (0.444, p < 0.01) and soil moisture (0.471, p < 0.01). The rate of GPP over the crop duration was nearly the same in both rice and wheat, however, the RE was higher in rice as compared to wheat, thus, the ratio of cumulative RE/GPP was 0.51 in rice and much lower at 0.34 in spring wheat. Rice contributed 46% and 43% to the annual totals of RE and GPP, respectively, while spring wheat contributed 36% and 51%. The NEE of CO2 was higher in spring wheat at −576 g C m−2 d−1 as compared to −368 g C m−2 in rice. Thus, while estimating the carbon sink potential in the intensively cultivated northern IGP, we need to consider that spring wheat may be a moderately stronger sink of CO2 as compared to rice in the rice-wheat system.
Shape-Dependent Transformation and Translocation of Ceria Nanoparticles in Cucumber Plants

The association of physicochemical properties of CeO2-NPs (CeO2 nanoparticles) per se with their transformation is not well understood. This study for the first time compared the translocation and transformation of octahedral, cubic, rod, and irregularly shaped CeO2-NPs in hydroponic cucumber plants. Cerium contents in roots were close between different treatments, while the largest amount (153 mg/kg) of Ce accumulated in rod-like CeO2-NP treatments. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy show that rod CeO2-NPs transformed faster and more than other CeO2-NPs, with nearly 40% of Ce in the form of Ce(III) species in roots (CePO4) and shoots (Ce carboxylates). Rod-like CeO2-NPs transformed to a degree greater than those of the other CeO2-NPs in solution simulating the plant exudates, indicating that rod-like CeO2-NPs have the highest chemical reactivity. These results suggest that the intrinsically different chemical reactivity of differently shaped CeO2-NPs resulted in .