Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desempenho e digestibilidade aparente em ovinos confinados alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de caroço de algodão integral

This work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of different levels (0.0 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0%) of whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the diet (% DM) on performance and nutrient digestibilities of feedlot Santa Inez sheep. Twenty-four sheep with average initial and final body weight of 19.0 and 32.2 kg, respectively, and allotted to a completely randomized design, with four diets and six replications. The dry matter intake in kg/day, %BW and g/kg0.75 was not influenced by the inclusion of the whole cottonseed (WCS), with averages of 1.195, 4.61, and 104.07, respectively. The total and daily weight gains decreased, while the feed conversion ration showed increasing linear effect with the inclusion of WCS, except for the level of 20% WCS that showed similar performance to the control diet. The intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in g/day were not affected, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) presented increasing linear effect with the inclusion of WCS. The inclusion of whole cottonseed in the feeding provided quadratic effect for digestible coefficients of CP, ADF and increasing linear effect for NDF and EE, however did not affect DM, OM, TC and TDN intake of the diets. The whole cottonseed in the used levels does not alter the intake and the digestibility of the DM, NDF and TND, but reduced the weight gain and feed conversion ratio of feedlot of the Santa Inez lambs, and could be included in termination diets.
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in aquatic microbial systems: a new analysis of temporal variation and species richness‐predictability relations

Studies of microbial communities from aquatic ecosystems provide important insights into relations between various aspects of ecosystem functioning and changes in biodiversity. Aquatic microbial systems provide a valuable counterpoint to studies of terrestrial systems, because patterns reflect consequences of interactions occurring over many generations of community development, and are unlikely to represent artifacts of the initial conditions established in experimental communities. In this paper we re-analyse our previously published data to separate the contributions of temporal and spatial variation to overall variation in ecosystem functioning. A new analysis based on re-sampling confirms a negative relationship between richness and the variability of one ecosystem process, carbon dioxide flux. The negative relationship reflects high variation among communities of low species richness, rather than high temporal variation within communities of low richness. We also review the various transformations and summary statistics proposed as alternate measures of variability in ecosystem functioning, to point out that different measures are often appropriate for different kinds of data. Finally, we conclude that arguments about the cosmopolitan distribution of microbes do not preclude the existence of important relations between microbial species richness and ecosystem functioning.
Analysis of Hybrid Vector Beams Generated with a Detuned Q-Plate

We use a tunable commercial liquid-crystal device tuned to a quarter-wave retardance to study the generation and dynamics of different types of hybrid vector beams. The standard situation where the q-plate is illuminated by a Gaussian beam is compared with other cases where the input beam is a vortex or a pure vector beam. As a result, standard hybrid vector beams but also petal-like hybrid vector beams are generated. These beams are analyzed in the near field and compared with the far field distribution, where their hybrid nature is observed as a transformation of the intensity and polarization patterns. Analytical calculations and numerical results confirm the experiments. We include an approach that provides an intuitive physical explanation of the polarization patterns in terms of mode superpositions and their transformation upon propagation based on their different Gouy phase. The tunable q-plate device presents worthy advantages, since it allows a compact and efficient generation of pure and hybrid vector beams to study these effects.
Formulation and Evaluation of Asenapine Maleate Loaded Niosomes for the Treatment of Schizophrenia

Background: Niosomes are the non-ionic surface-active agent primarily based vesicles. The Key obstacle of Asenapine maleate have oral bioavailability (<2%) and extensive first pass effect. Objectives: The objective key of the existing work was to formulate Asenapine maleate loaded niosomes using quality by design and rectify it with some evaluation parameters to increase bioavailability, to lead better therapeutic effect and to minimize the side effects. Methods: Formulation of niosomes was done by three methods organic solvent injection method. Factorial design (32) experiments are significantly used to screen and to observe the effect of independent variables cholesterol and span 60 (X1, X2) on dependent variables particle size and entrapment efficiency (Y1, Y2). Results: The results revealed optimized formulation ASP-niosome A2 amongst other formulations which was found lowest particle size 84 ± 5 nm and highest % EE 70 ± 2.0%. In-vitro drug release of optimized noisome was found 68 ± 1.20 % at the end of 8 hr and zeta potential was -17.53mV which stabilized the niosomal suspension. Characterization by SEM not only indicated the spherical shape of the niosomes but also confirmed the formation of vesicle. Locomotor activity was found to be significant in in-vivo pharmacodynamic study. Pharmacokinetic study carried out and it showed Cmax and t1/2 of 16.12ng/mL and 37.18 hr which is better than reported parameters for drug. Conclusion: Thus, concluded that Asenapine maleate loaded niosomes having effective anti-psychotic activity with increased bioavailability could be prepared successfully by organic solvent injection method using span 60 and cholesterol.
Jumping spiders from Mkomazi Game Reserve in Tanzania (Araneae Salticidae)

Sixty-nine species are reported (two of them determined only at the generic level and one juvenile specimen which probably belongs to a new, unknown genus). Thirty-five species are described as new: Afrobeata magnifica n. sp. , Evarcha bihastata n. sp. , E. elegans n. sp. , E. similis n. sp. , Habrocestum tanzanicum n. sp. , Heliophanus pygmaeus n. sp. , Hyllus ramadanii n. sp. , H. rotundithorax n. sp. , Kima atra n. sp. , Langelurillus alboguttatus n. sp. , L. difficilis n. sp. , L. furcatus n. sp. , L. manifestus n. sp. , Langona improcera n. sp. , Lilliput minutus n. sp. , L. mkomazienzis n. sp. , L. pusillus n. sp. , Neaetha irreperta n. sp. , Pellenes cingulatus n. sp. , P. modicus n. sp. , Phintella incerta n. sp. , Phlegra parvula n. sp. , Ph. simplex n. sp. , Ph. varia n. sp. , Pignus lautissimum n. sp. , Pseudicius eximius n. sp. , Rhene facilis n. sp. , Stenaelurillus cristatus n. sp. , S. darwini n. sp. , S. fuscatus n. sp. , S. mirabilis n. sp. , Tusitala proxima n. sp. , T. unica n. sp. , Xuriella prima n. sp. , Yogetor bellus n. sp. The first description of the females of Festucula lawrencei Lessert 1933 and Phlegra nuda Próchniewicz & Heciak 1994 is provided. Hyllus corniger Wesolowska & van Harten 1994 is synonymized with H. dotatus (Peckham & Peckham 1903) and placed to the genus Evarcha Simon 1902. Three new genera are established: Lilliput n. gen., Xuriella n. gen., Yogetor n. gen. The definition of the genus Langelurillus Próchniewicz 1994 is supplemented. The results are discussed in relation to the diversity of salticids from different regions of the world and within Africa and to the efficiency of different sampling methods for salticidae.
Polyploid microsatellite data reveal stock complexity among estuarine North American green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris)

North American green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) display the distinctive behavior of long ocean migrations along the west coast punctuated by summer residence in estuaries; however, little is known about stock composition in these tidal environments. Pairwise comparisons and genetic clustering analysis were used to characterize the two green sturgeon Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) from 20 collections using eight tetrasomic and two disomic microsatellite loci. The observed pattern of green sturgeon DPS composition among five estuaries in California, Oregon, and Washington was supported with assignment testing approaches utilizing the same genotypic data in codominant polysomic and pseudodominant allele phenotype formats. The majority of individuals in northern DPS estuaries originated from the threatened Southern DPS, except in Winchester Bay and Grays Harbor. We detected few Northern DPS green sturgeon in San Pablo Bay, the principal Southern DPS estuary, supporting that green sturgeon preferent.
Relative influences of patch, landscape and historical factors on birds in an Australian fragmented landscape

Animal assemblages in fragmented landscapes are likely to be determined by contemporary (e.g. patch size, biotic interactions) and historical (e.g. change in patch area) characteristics of patches and their positioning in the landscape (e.g. connectivity). We considered the influence of habitat structure, landscape context, history and an aggressive, native bird species [the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala (Latham 1801)] on three characteristics of woodland‐dependent bird assemblages in a fragmented, eucalypt‐forest landscape. The response variables were: (1) species richness (SR), (2) sums‐of‐densities (i.e. total number of individual birds), and (3) occurrence of rare species [through a rare‐species index (RSI)].
A dual‐polarized antenna with low cross polarization, high gain, and isolation for the fifth‐generation array/multiple‐input multiple‐output communications

A dual‐polarized antenna for the fifth‐generation (5G) array/massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) communications is proposed in this paper. Through combining dual‐polarized differentially feeding structure and complementary magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna, low cross polarization (X‐pol), high gain, and isolation characteristics can be achieved by the antenna element. To take advantage of these characteristics in the array, a modified 1‐to‐16‐way H‐shaped differentially feeding network is designed to feed the 16‐element antenna array. Here, vertical cross‐shaped patches with dotted slots are arranged between adjacent ME‐dipole antenna elements to further improve the array isolation. By removing the H‐shaped differentially feeding network and the substrate at the bottom, a high‐capacity MIMO antenna system can be achieved. Measured results show that low X‐pol level of −35.7 dB and high gain of larger than 8.1 dBi can be attained by the antenna elements across the 5G frequency bands (3.3‐5.1 GHz). In addition, the antenna array has exhibited high gain of 17.3 dBi and the MIMO antenna has realized very low envelope correlation coefficient of 0.004.
Tree roots can penetrate deeply in African semi-deciduous rain forests: evidence from two common soil types

Abstract: Despite the important functional role of deep roots in withdrawing water during drought, direct measurements of root distribution are very rare in tropical rain forests. The aim of this study was to investigate the root distribution of Entandrophragma cylindricum, a common tree species in the Central African semi-deciduous rain forest, in Ferralsols and Arenosols. We dug two pits to a depth of 6 m in Ferralsols and two pits to a depth of 3 m in Arenosols, close to E. cylindricum trees. The vertical soil profiles were divided into 10 × 10-cm grid cells and the roots counted were distributed in three diameter classes. We fitted a root distribution model to our dataset. We found that vertical root distribution was shallower in Arenosols than in Ferralsols. Root penetration was not stopped even by a Ferralsol with high gravel content in its subsoil. Overall, our measurements showed that 95% of all roots were distributed to depths of between 258 and 564 cm from the soil surface, which is much deeper than the 95 cm depth previously reported in the literature for tropical rain forests. As sampling depth could explain this discrepancy, we recommend a sampling depth of at least 3–5 m to accurately estimate root distribution. The drier the dry season, the deeper the sampling depth should be. Our results are consistent with global models of root distribution in forest ecosystems, which are driven by climate variables. We thus suggest that deep rooting could be common in rain forests with a marked dry season.
Neutrophils Express Tumor Necrosis Factor-α During Mouse Skin Wound Healing

The expression pattern of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA and protein was examined in vivo in experimental mouse skin wounds by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. TNF-α mRNA and protein is detected in a distinct layer of mainly neutrophils subadjacent to the wound clot. The layer of TNF-α-positive cells extends from the margin of the advancing epithelial outgrowth to the opposing one. By in situ hybridization the TNF-α mRNA is detectable 12 h after wounding; the signal peaks after 72 h and remains visible up to at least 120 h after wounding. TNF-α mRNA could not be detected in the normal skin or in 5-hour-old wounds, lmmunohistochemical staining for TNF-α and macrophages on adjacent sections confirms that the main part of TNF-α-positive cells are polymorphonuclear neutrophils and shows that most of the cells located just beneath the layer of TNF-α-positive neutrophils are macrophages with weak TNF-α immunoreactivity. The data reported here show that neutrophils serve as an important source of TNF-α during healing of mouse skin wounds. We suggest that this specific expression of TNF-α is related to the process of re-epithelialization.
Effects of a biocontrol agent of apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) on the host plant and on non-target organisms: an insect pest (Cydia pomonella) and a pathogen (Venturia inaequalis)

Abstract A number of studies have focused on the selection and use of new biocontrol agents, but the effects of the introduction of these microorganisms on non-target organisms, including the crop plants themselves, are not well known. Non-target effects of sprayed applications of a potential biocontrol agent of apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha Ell. Et Ev.), on scab infections (Venturia inaequalis Cooke Winter), on codling moth [Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] oviposition and damage and apple (Malus x domestica) fruit quality are examined. This biocontrol agent, an epiphytic yeast isolate called Y16, affected neither conidia germination of V. inaequalis nor their penetration of the leaf tissue but suppressed the disease caused by this pathogen. The quantity of eggs laid by the codling moth during its second flight period on yeast treated trees was significantly different to the quantity of eggs laid on the untreated trees. In the first season of the experiments, more eggs were laid on the treated trees, especially on those tree parts closest to the fruit. These results, however, were not confirmed the following season: fewer eggs were laid on the treated trees than on the untreated trees. These conflicting observations are attributed to year-to-year variation in environmental conditions, which may affect yeast survival and activity. A 2-month-long assay was conducted in the orchard during the codling moth's second flight period from mid-July until mid-September. The yeast treatment did not affect the damage caused by the codling moth to the fruits. Finally, the yeast treatment did not affect any of the examined fruit quality parameters.
Selection Dynamics in Native and Introduced Persicaria Species

Plant invasions represent natural experiments that allow us to both explore the dynamics of natural selection in the wild and examine the evolution of an invader on contemporary timescales. We conducted a study of 10 natural populations of two invasive species (Persicaria lapathifolia and Persicaria cespitosa) and one native species (Persicaria pensylvanica) to quantify the amount of natural selection acting on these species to compare the selection dynamics to which each is exposed. We also conducted a germination trial to compare the potential for invasion determined by germination rate. A Lande‐Arnold‐style multiple regression selection analysis was performed on five morphological traits (height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf shape, and leaf area) using flower number as our fitness proxy. Most selection was indirect and caused by correlations with other traits under selection. However, there was significant direct selection for increased leaf number in both natives and invasives and for thicker stems in just the invasives. The germination test showed that not only do the invasive plants have a significantly higher germination rate (>60% compared with 3% for the noninvasives) but they also germinate significantly faster; both findings have large implications for the ability of these two invasive species to spread.
A Dual Frequency Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

A dual frequency Dielectric Resonator antenna for wireless communication applications in the S and C bands with an operating frequency of 2.65GHz and 4.62GHz is presented. The patch is a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant value of 20. A 50Ω strip line is considered as feed and is coupled to the dielectric radiator via the rectangular slot etched in ground plane. The slot etched in ground plane is made so as to facilitate the power form the feed line to the radiator. The overall dimension of the antenna is 100mm×35mm×0.8mm. A dual frequency antenna has been proposed which will be operational at the frequencies of 2.65GHz and 4.62GHz with a gain of 4.42dB and 7.78dB respectively. Low cost FR4 material is been used as the laminate base for the antenna which will act as the dielectric material.
Ecology of the bean stem maggot attacking dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the semiarid areas of eastern Kenya

Relative abundance and population dynamics of bean stem maggot (BSM) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) life stages and the relative abundance of species were investigated at two sites in Kenya: Kiboko (900 m) and Katumani (1600 m), during two cropping seasons: (October 1995-January 1996) and (March-July 1996). This was done by weekly random sampling of 20 plants per plot, for up to 7 weeks, from each of four plots established at weekly intervals. Numbers ofeach life stage per sample were counted. In both sites and seasons, numbers of BSM ovipositor punctures in leaves, and numbers of eggs, larvae and pupae were higher on the late than on the early sown crop. Numbers of leaf punctures and eggs increased and peaked at 5- 6 weeks after plant emergence then declined thereafter. Larval and pupal numbers increased as the season progressed. Two BSM species, Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon and O. spencerella Greathead, infested bean plants in both sites. O. phaseoli was the dominant species at Kiboko, whereas O. spencerella was th.
Enhance of Cellulase Production and Biomass Degradation by Transformation of the Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30∆zface1 Strain

: The second-generation bioethanol employs lignocellulosic materials degraded by microbial cellulases in their production. The fungus Trichoderma reesei is one of the main microorganisms producing cellulases, and its genetic modification can lead to the optimization in obtaining hydrolytic enzymes. This work carried out the deletion of the sequence that encodes the zinc finger motif of the transcription factor ACE1 (cellulase expression repressor I) of the fungus T. reesei RUT-C30. The transformation of the RUT-C30 lineage was confirmed by amplification of the 989 bp fragment relative to the selection marker, and by the absence of the zinc finger region amplification in mutants, named T. reesei RUT-C30Δzface1. The production of cellulases by mutants was compared to RUT-C30 and measured with substrates carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel ® ) and Whatman filter paper (PF). The results demonstrated that RUT-C30Δzface1 has cellulolytic activity increased 3.2-fold in Avicel and 2.1-fold in CMC and PF. The mutants presented 1.4-fold higher sugar released in the hydrolysis of the biomass assays. These results suggest that the partial deletion of ace1 gene is an important strategy in achieving bioethanol production on an industrial scale at a competitive price in the fuel market.
Bias-Compensated MCCC Algorithm for Widely Linear Adaptive Filtering With Noisy Data

Recently, widely linear adaptive filtering with noisy input and output has attracted much attention. As an unbiased estimation method, the widely linear complex-valued estimated input least mean square (WLC-EILMS) algorithm has shown its superiority in the noisy inputs and outputs. However, WLC-EILMS is not robust to impulsive noises. To overcome this defect, this brief uses the maximum complex correntropy criterion (MCCC) to generate a novel widely linear complex-valued estimated-input MCCC (WLC-EIMCCC) algorithm. The proposed WLC-EIMCCC algorithm exhibits superior performance especially in dealing with impulsive noises, and its performance analysis is also given for theoretical analysis. Simulations on system identification and channel equalization validate the correctness of the theoretical steady-state excess mean square error (EMSE) and the superior performance of WLC- EIMCCC.
The Negative Impact of Increased Carbohydrates and Suboptimum Temperatures on Caterpillars

Caterpillars prefer warmer temperatures to maintain their normal physiology because of their need to thermoregulate. Thermoregulation is a process in which caterpillars maintain their internal body temperature. Because thermoregulation is an energy expensive process, warmer temperatures make it easier for them to maintain this optimum internal body temperature. Caterpillars mostly rely on carbohydrate-based diets for energy. To gain insight on the effect of added carbohydrates on a caterpillar’s diet, we tested a hypothesis that a diet high in carbohydrates may influence the survival of caterpillars in various suboptimum temperatures. In the current study, we focused on traits that are related to the fitness of the organism; weight gain and number of days till formation of the chrysalis. It has been found that the larger the caterpillar, the more capable it is of surviving lower temperatures (Nielsen and Papaj, 2015). Previous research states that carbohydrates cause an increase in body mass in caterpillars (Wills et al., 2015). Therefore, we expected to see an increase in body weight that would cause an increase in survival at suboptimum temperatures.
Electro-organic synthesis – a 21st century technique

The severe limitations of fossil fuels and finite resources influence the scientific community to reconsider chemical synthesis and establish sustainable techniques. Several promising methods have emerged, and electro-organic conversion has attracted particular attention from international academia and industry as an environmentally benign and cost-effective technique. The easy application, precise control, and safe conversion of substrates with intermediates only accessible by this method reveal novel pathways in synthetic organic chemistry. The popularity of electricity as a reagent is accompanied by the feasible conversion of bio-based feedstocks to limit the carbon footprint. Several milestones have been achieved in electro-organic conversion at rapid frequency, which have opened up various perspectives for forthcoming processes.