Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceiving ‘ capability ’ within dynamic capabilities

This article combines two popular, yet separate concepts, dynamic capabilities and self-efficacy. Both are concerned with ability / capability and offer potentially valuable synergies. As such, our in-depth qualitative study based in three micro-enterprises in the United Kingdom (UK), investigated, ‘what role(s) may ownermanager perceived self-efficacy play as a micro-foundation of dynamic capabilities in micro-enterprises? ’ Our findings show that perceived self-efficacy can influence dynamic capability enactment in multifaceted ways and even suggest that in some cases, perceived self-efficacy is a crucial component of dynamic capabilities, without which there may be no such capability. These insights help open up the black box of dynamic capabilities by contributing important knowledge to the growing body of research into the micro-foundations of such capabilities. Furthermore, our study illuminates the importance of idiosyncratic micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities in micro-enterprises and expands extant knowledge of the potential effects of selfefficacy in the small business and entrepreneurship domain.
Behavioural spend modelling of cheque card data using SAS ® Text

Understanding customer behaviour profiles are of great value to companies. Customer behaviour is influenced by a multitude of factors, some are capricious presumably resulting from environmental, economic and other factors while others are more fundamentally aligned with value and belief systems. In this paper we use unstructured textual cheque card data to model and estimate latent spending behaviour profiles of banking customers. These models give insight into unobserved spending habits and patterns. SAS® text miner is used in an atypical manner to determine the spending segments of customers and latent spending profile using a clustering approach. Businesses benefit in the way the behavioural spend model is utilised. It can be used for market segmentation, where each cluster is seen as a target marketing segment, leads optimisation, or product offering where products are specifically compiled to align to each customer’s requirements. It can also be used to predict future spend or to align customer needs with business offerings, supported by signing customers onto loyalty programs. This unique method of determining the spend behaviour of customers makes it ideal for companies driving retention and loyalty in their customers.
Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China

Despite the great importance of fine roots, which are referred to as roots smaller than 2 mm in diameter, in terms of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, how fine root biomass, production, and turnover rate change with stand development remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the variations of fine root biomass, production, and morphology of trees and understory vegetation in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) plantations at the ages of 7 years old, 17 years old and 25 years old in southern China, representing the sapling, pole and mature stage, respectively. Fine roots of trees and understory vegetation were sampled with sequential coring method to a depth of 60 cm and sliced into 4 layers (0–15, 15–30, 30–45 and 45–60 cm). Fine root biomass and necromass were highest in the pole stages among these three different aged Chinese fir plantations, although the significant differences were only detected for fine root necromass between 25-year-old and 7-year-old plantations. Fine root biomass of Chinese fir was heterogeneous in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Seasonal variation of fine root biomass in three age groups showed a similar pattern that the standing fine root biomass reached a peak in January and fell to the lowest in July. Vertically, the fine root biomass decreased with the increase of soil depth, but this extinction rate decreased with stand development. The effects of stand age on either total fine root length and surface area, or specific root length were not significant. However, the root tissue density increased significantly with Chinese fir stand ages, which suggested that the fine roots on Chinese fir may resort more to the mycorrhizal associations for the nutrient and water acquisition in the later stage of Chinese fir plantations. In addition to the stand age effect, the fine roots exhibited highly spatial and temporal variations in Chinese plantations, indicating different root foraging strategies for soil nutrient and water acquisition. Therefore, the fine root research not only helps to understand its role in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystem under global climate change, but can also improve our understanding of nutrient management in forest ecosystem. At the same time, the research on the productivity of the Chinese fir growth stage provides guiding significance for the construction and management of Chinese fir.
Analysis of coreless stator axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator characteristics by using equiva lent circuit

This paper presents calculation procedure to predict the characteristics in coreless stator axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generators with surface mounted permanent magnets and double external rotor by using equivalent circuit. The input data for the calculation procedure are obtained from the measurements. The characteristics obtained by using measurements and equivalent circuit are in good agreement with analytically calculated results. Streszczenie. Artykul przedstawia procedure obliczen przy uzyciu schematu zastepczego do predykcji charakterystyki w bezrdzeniowych stojanach silnikow synchronicznych z magnesem trwalym o strumieniu osiowym z powierzchniowo zamontowanym magnesem i podwojnym wirnikiem zewnetrznym. Dane wejściowe do procedury obliczeniowej otrzymane są z pomiarow. Charakterystyki otrzymane z pomiarow i i z obliczen pozostają w dobrej zgodności. (Analiza bezrdzeniowego stojana generatora synchronicznego z magnesem trwalym i strumieniem osiowym za pomocą obwodu zastepczego)
The cognitive basis for linguistic structures1

We can all agree that the capacity to symbolize and communicate in language has powerful effects on how we think and behave, but how does the way we think affect the structure of our language? This article explores the ways in which specific properties of language structure and speech behavior reflect certain general cognitive laws. Recent investigations of language have made an important simplifying assumption: the primary subject for linguistic description is linguistic knowledge, as opposed to linguistic behavior. This heuristic strategy has facilitated progress in the formal description of the “abstract” structures of language, but has left open the question of how such structures are learned by children and utilized by adults. Previous attempts to integrate linguistic structure and speech behavior have been efforts to find direct mappings of abstract linguistic structures onto language learning, speech perception, and speech production. Although the details of these mappings differ, the basic postulate is the same: actual speech behavior is some regular function of the abstract linguistic structure originally isolated in linguistic investigations. That is, grammar rests at the epicenter of all language behavior, with different functions of
Dressing of Wheat Seeds with the PGP Fungus Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585

For extensive use by arable crops, seed dressing (coating) may be the most convenient concept for supplying a biological agent. Seed coating is used for commercial seed dressings. However, seed coating with PGPR’s is often challenging, requiring a long shelf life, and compatibility with other seed dressings. Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 (commercial brand name Sim Derma) formulations for wet and dry seed coating are patented (TR/2007/09242, 31.12.2007; EP8866322,4, 13.11.2008; TR/2009/08397, 05.11.2009). Although Trichoderma harzianum is commonly known as a fungus with bio-control effects, the strain KUEN 1585 has strong root growth promoting effects. In seasons between 2010-2013 2760 t of wheat seeds are coated with the wet seed dressing formulation. 500 g of the formulation is mixed together with fungicides and insecticides slowly by continual stirring in 1 L water and diluted to 10 L. This 10 L solution is sprayed on 1 ton wheat seeds. Coated seeds are packed in bags and sown in 1-2 months. The trial fields are at least 2 hectares each and sown with 200 kg seeds per hectare. Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 colonize roots of the wheat. The result is longer, stronger and more capillary roots. In addition Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 makes soil micro elements available for the plant. The results of the trials show that Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1585 application can reduce sowing by 10%, results in strong and early sprouting, increases flag leaf chlorophyll content by 30-109%, flag leaf nitrogen content by 39-185% and coefficient of tillering by 33%, improves the yield by 6-27% and gluten content by 1139%.
Behavior Intention of Low-carbon Diet: A Perspective of Theory of Planned Behavior

Estaing a low-carbon diet lifestyle is not only an important method of promoting health, but also an important means to alleviate global warming, and there is an important significance for harmonious development of man and environment. Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper constructed the model of low-carbon diet behavior intention, explored the mechanism of the effect of each variable in the model of behavior intention. Statistical results indicated that self-efficacy and facilitating conditions have positively influences on perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, low-carbon dietary attitude and perceived behavioral control have positive effects on behavior intention of low-carbon diet. KEYWORD: TPB; Self-efficacy; Low-carbon diet; Subjective norm International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education (SSEMSE 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 2011 control, personal behavior intention will be stronger(Ajzen, 2002). The theory of planned behavior had been successfully applied in many fields; this theory was the main theoretical basis of the analysis of individual behavior for many scholars, but the amount of study of low-carbon diet which applied the theory of planned behavior was rare. So this paper used the theory of planed behavior to explore low-carbon dietary behavior, and verify the applicability of the theory in the field of low-carbon diet. 3 THE RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESIS 3.1 The research model This paper chose low-carbon dietary attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control as independent variable based on the theory of planned behavior, to explore their influence mechanism on low-carbon dietary behavior intention, to verify the validity of the theory of planned behavior in low carbon dietary behavior. Increasing two variables of self-efficacy and facilitating conditions, analyzed of how they would affect the model, hoping to continue to enrich and expand planned behavior theory.
A wave propagation model of blood flow in large vessels using an approximate velocity profile function

Lumped-parameter models (zero-dimensional) and wave-propagation models (one-dimensional) for pressure and flow in large vessels, as well as fully three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction models for pressure and velocity, can contribute valuably to answering physiological and patho-physiological questions that arise in the diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Lumped-parameter models are of importance mainly for the modelling of the complete cardiovascular system but provide little detail on local pressure and flow wave phenomena. Fully three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction models consume a large amount of computer time and must be provided with suitable boundary conditions that are often not known. One-dimensional wave-propagation models in the frequency and time domain are well suited to obtaining clinically relevant information on local pressure and flow waves travelling through the arterial system. They can also be used to provide boundary conditions for fully three-dimensional models, provided that they are defined in, or transferred to, the time domain. Most of the one-dimensional wave propagation models in the time domain described in the literature assume velocity profiles and therefore frictional forces to be in phase with the flow, whereas from exact solutions in the frequency domain a phase difference between the flow and the wall shear stress is known to exist. In this study an approximate velocity profile function more suitable for one-dimensional wave propagation is introduced and evaluated. It will be shown that this profile function provides first-order approximations for the wall shear stress and the nonlinear term in the momentum equation, as a function of local flow and pressure gradient in the time domain. The convective term as well as the approximate friction term are compared to their counterparts obtained from Womersley profiles and show good agreement in the complete range of the Womersley parameter α. In the limiting cases, for Womersley parameters α → 0 and α → ∞, they completely coincide. It is shown that in one-dimensional wave propagation, the friction term based on the newly introduced approximate profile function is important when considering pressure and flow wave propagation in intermediate-sized vessels.
Load Profile Extraction by Mean-Shift Clustering with Sample Pearson Correlation Coefficient Distance

In this paper, a clustering method with proposed distance measurement to extract base load profiles from arbitrary data sets is studied. Recently, smart energy load metering devices are broadly deployed, and an immense volume of data is now collected. However, as this large amount of data has been explosively generated over such a short period of time, the collected data is hardly organized to be employed for study, applications, services, and systems. This paper provides a foundation method to extract base load profiles that can be utilized by power engineers, energy system operators, and researchers for deeper analysis and more advanced technologies. The base load profiles allow them to understand the patterns residing in the load data to discover the greater value. Up to this day, experts with domain knowledge often have done the base load profile realization manually. However, the volume of the data is growing too fast to handle it with the conventional approach. Accordingly, an automated yet precise method to recognize and extract the base power load profiles is studied in this paper. For base load profile extraction, this paper proposes Sample Pearson Correlation Coefficient (SPCC) distance measurement and applies it to Mean-Shift algorithm based nonparametric mode-seeking clustering. The superiority of SPCC distance over traditional Euclidean distance is validated by mathematical and numerical analysis.
On Classifying At Risk Latent Zeros Using Zero Inflated Models

Count data often have excess zeros in many clinical studies. These zeros usually represent "disease-free state". Although disease (event) free at the time, some of them might be at a high risk of having the putative outcome while others may be at low or no such risk. We postulate these zeros as a one of the two types, either as 'low risk' or as 'high risk' zeros for the disease process in question. Low risk zeros can arise due to the absence of risk factors for disease initiation/progression and/or due to very early stage of the disease. High risk zeros can arise due to the presence of significant risk factors for disease initiation/ progression or could be, in rare situations, due to misclassification, more specific diagnostic tests, or below the level of detection. We use zero inflated models which allows us to assume that zeros arise from one of the two separate latent processes-one giving low-risk zeros and the other high-risk zeros and subsequently propose a strategy to identify and classify them as such. To illustrate, we use data on the number of involved nodes in breast cancer patients. Of the 1152 patients studied, 38.8% were node- negative (zeros). The model predicted that about a third (11.4%) of negative nodes are "high risk" and the remaining (27.4%) are at "low risk" of nodal positivity. Posterior probability based classification was more appropriate compared to other methods. Our approach indicates that some node negative patients may be re-assessed for their diagnosis about nodal positivity and/or for future clinical management of their disease. The approach developed here is applicable to any scenario where the disease or outcome can be characterized by count-data.
Simple Steps to Lower Student Stress in a Digital Systems Course While Maintaining High Standards and Expectations

Student stress is an important issue that is gaining more attention with time in our universities because of the increase in competition in every aspect of the educational process, from college admission to ﬁnding a good job that satisﬁes students’ expectations. Some studies even conclude that Engineering and Medicine students are the ones who suffer the most from academic stress. Experiencing stress directly impacts students health and wellbeing, and might cause them to make behavioral changes and sacriﬁces which in turn also impact their health and academic performance, especially as they undergo long-term unhealthy levels of stress throughout their years of education. At our institution, the admission rate is usually about 10% and the students admitted often pursue double majors along with a minor, while at the same time getting some research experience, applying for internships every summer, and trying to achieve many tasks that would improve their resume to try to secure the best possible future job and life. On top of this pressure, some courses tend be harder than others and/or require more work. This paper discusses the work realized in the Digital Systems course at our institution that has an established reputation of being the course with heaviest load among our Electrical and Computer Engineering courses. This course has been taught for the past two semesters – Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 – by a new faculty member who taught it the ﬁrst semester (Fall) nearly the same way it has been taught for years, studied students’ data and feedback, and redesigned the course the next semester (Spring) aiming to reduce students’ perceived load and stress while maintaining the same high course standards and expectations. Results show that by making a number of small changes to different aspects of the course, the course’s likability increased and students’ stress decreased from the ﬁrst semester to the second. The small changes included adding a technical workshop at the beginning of the semester to better prepare students to use and debug the hardware description language they will be using throughout the course, combining every pair of homework assignments into one, carefully spreading out due dates on the schedule and never having
Fungal communities on speleothem surfaces in Kartchner Caverns, Arizona, USA.

Abstract: Michael J. Vaughan 1 , Raina M. Maier 2 , and Barry M. Pryor 1* the process of sustainably developing the cave, in-depth studies were conducted to unravel its hydrology (Garf, 1999), mineralogy (Hill, 1999), microclimates (Buecher, 1999), biology (Buecher & Sidner, 1999; Welbourn, 1999), and yearly environmental cycles. As a result, Kartchner Caverns is among the most comprehensively studied carbonate caves in the world. Kartchner Caverns is also listed as one of the top ten caves in terms of mineralogical diversity (Hill & Forti, 1997). Its mineral diversity, protected status, well studied environmental conditions, and its plethora of carbonate formations make this 3.9 km long cave an excellent site to explore microbial communities associated with the subterranean environment. Consequently, in 2006, Kartchner Caverns was added to the National Science Foundation’s list of Microbial Observatories (MO). The goal of the Kartchner Caverns MO is to characterize microbial communities living within the caverns in order to better understand (1) how life exists in this light-deprived oligotrophic
Contrastive Causal Explanation and the Explanatoriness of Deterministic and Probabilistic Hypotheses Theories

Carl Hempel (1965) argued that probabilistic hypotheses are limited in what they can explain. He contended that a hypothesis cannot explain why E is true if the hypothesis says that E has a probability less than 0.5. Wesley Salmon (1971, 1984, 1990, 1998) and Richard Jeffrey (1969) argued to the contrary, contending that P can explain why E is true even when P says that E’s probability is very low. This debate concerned noncontrastive explananda. Here, a view of contrastive causal explanation is described and defended. It provides a new limit on what probabilistic hypotheses can explain; the limitation is that P cannot explain why E is true rather than A if P assign E a probability that is less than or equal to the probability that P assigns to A. The view entails that a true deterministic theory and a true probabilistic theory that apply to the same explanandum partition are such that the deterministic theory explains all the true contrastive propositions constructable from that partition, whereas the probabilistic theory often fails to do so.
Title Genomic dynamics of transposable elements in the westernclawed frog ( Silurana tropicalis )

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA sequences that can make new copies of themselves that are inserted elsewhere in a host genome. The abundance and distributions of TEs vary considerably among phylogenetically diverse hosts. With the aim of exploring thebasis of this variation,we evaluatedcorrelations between several genomic variables and the presence of TEsand non-TE repeats in thecompletegenomesequenceof theWesternclawedfrog (Silurana tropicalis). Thisanalysis revealspatternsofTE insertion consistent with gene disruption but not with the insertional preference model. Analysis of non-TE repeats recovered unique features of their genome-wide distribution when compared with TE repeats, including no strong correlation with exons and a particularly strong negative correlation with GC content. We also collected polymorphism data from 25 TE insertion sites in 19 wild-caught S. tropicalis individuals. DNA transposon insertions were fixed at eight of nine sites and at a high frequency at one of nine, whereas insertionsof long terminal repeat (LTR)andnon-LTR retrotransposonswerefixedatonly4of16sites andat lowfrequencyat12of16. Amaximumlikelihoodmodel failed toattribute thesedifferences in insertion frequencies tovariation in selectionpressureondifferent classes of TE, opening the possibility that other phenomena such as variation in rates of replication or duration of residence in the genome could play a role. Taken together, these results identify factors that sculpt heterogeneity in TE distribution in S. tropicalis and illustrate that genomic dynamics differ markedly among TE classes and between TE and non-TE repeats.