Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development, Optimization of MEA Microbial Compounds

The current study aims to fermentation parameter for producing microbial products. Microwave parameters consist on 245 MHz, and 600-watt for 60 seconds. Ethyl acetate was the best solvent used for extraction purposes. Antioxidant properties were differentiated by blocking the oxidation of the linoleic acid with an inhibition rate of 73.13% at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, in addition to increasing its effectiveness for free radical extraction and reduction strength by increasing concentrations gradually . The bond ability to irons was lower compared to the EDTA-2Na, in addition to the obtained total content corresponding to phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice (Koji) by A. flavus was 232.11 mg, on the basis of galic acid/mg. The stability of the antioxidant compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice (Koji) by A. flavus was also studied ; showing stability under neutral conditions, as well as at high temperatures (185 °C during two hours). However, no stability was obtained under acidic and alkaline conditions.
Leaf anatomy ofRaouliaHook.f. (Compositae, Gnaphalieae)☆

Abstract Leaf anatomy is compared for all species of Raoulia. The species are tabulated according to their lamina structure. Noteworthy anatomical features are lamina type and grade of differentiation, stomatal position, epidermal and cuticle thickness, shape of mesophyll cells, presence or absence of central clear cells, sclerenchyma caps, abaxial collenchyma and protruding midrib. It is shown that leaf anatomy data provide characters which are taxonomically useful in Raoulia. The main subgenera are supported except that the leaf anatomy of R. haastii is anomalous and that of R. youngii is typical of R. subg. Raoulia rather than R. subg. Psychrophyton. The leaf anatomy of R. petriensis is unique in the genus.
COMPARISON OF RNA EXPRESSION PROFILES BETWEEN THE TWO GENERATIONS OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS (RHODOPHYTA), BASED ON EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

To identify gene candidates related to the morphological and physiological differences between the gametophytic and sporophytic generations of a marine red alga, Porphyra yezoensis Ueda, large‐scale expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis was conducted. A total of 10,625 5′‐end EST sequences was generated from the sporophyte cDNA library, in addition to the previously published 10,154 ESTs from the gametophyte. A total of 20,779 ESTs was clustered into 4496 nonredundant groups at the criterion of 95% identity for 50 bases. Among the EST groups, only 1013 (22.5%) groups were classified as ESTs that commonly occurred in both generations, whereas a large proportion of EST groups were identified as being unique to either the gametophyte (1940 EST groups = 43.1%) or the sporophyte (1543 EST groups = 34.3%). A statistical significance test revealed 89 and 112 highly expressed gene candidates in the gametophyte and the sporophyte, respectively. Twelve candidate genes were subjected to RT‐PCR analysis, and the differential expression was confirmed. Generation‐specific regulation of alternative splicing of a transcript was demonstrated by RT‐PCR analyses.
Distributed backstepping based control of multiple UAV formation flight subject to time delays

In this study, the authors propose a backstepping-based, distributed formation control method that is stable independent of time delays in communication among multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Centralised formation control of UAVs requires each agent to maintain a separation distance from other agents, which burdens the communication network of the UAVs. To overcome this problem, the authors consider a distributed control scheme wherein each agent updates its attitude and position based on the state information gathered through its neighbours. Instead of directly controlling the thrust generated by the propellers, they partition the mathematical model of the UAV into two subsystems, a linear attitude control loop and a non-linear position control loop. A backstepping-based outer position controller is then designed that interfaces seamlessly with the inner attitude controller of the cascaded control system. The closed-loop stability is established using a rigorous Lyapunov–Krasovskii analysis under the influence of distributed network time delays. Using the directed graph topology and a distributed backstepping structure, it is shown that the stability criterion is delay-independent. The proposed control algorithms are verified in simulation and then implemented in hardware, and actual flight test experiments prove the validity of these algorithms.
Dispersion and Localization Behavior of Modified MWCNTs in Immiscible Polymer Blends of Polystyrene and Polybutadiene and in Corresponding Nanostructured Block Copolymers

The influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) modification on the dispersion and localization behavior of the CNTs in immiscible blends of polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB), and in the nanostructured morphology of a star-shaped styrene-butadiene based block copolymer (BCP), was studied to form a basis for the development of functional materials with defined electrical property profiles. Unmodified multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were dispersed in PS, PB and PS/PB blends by solution mixing. Additionally, MWCNTs were functionalized with n-octadecylamine and monoamino-terminated polystyrene to increase the compatibility between the homopolymers and the nanofiller. The MWCNT dispersion and the blend morphology formation were studied using transmission light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The MWCNT dispersion could be significantly improved by the modification of the MWCNTs. All MWCNT types were found to preferably localize in the PS phase of the PS/PB blend. However, only blends containing unmodified MWCNTs were electrically conductive. Similar effects were found in BCP/MWCNT composites. The BCP was already electrically conductive with a filler content of 0.1 wt % of unmodified MWCNTs. The stress–strain behavior of the BCP was slightly influenced by MWCNT addition and CNT modification. The dispersability of MWCNTs was significantly improved by CNT functionalization, which indicates a strong polymer-filler interaction.
Genetic variability and preliminary heritability estimates of resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis) in an apple genetics population

Abstract The genetic diversity of scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. ) resistance was studied on two of the four sublines of the HortResearch Apple Genetics Population. Subline 91 consisted of 214 families and was evaluated in its 6th leaf, and subline 94 consisted of 75 families and was evaluated in its 3rd leaf at Havelock North. A total of 253 families were derived from open‐pollinated seed from apple cultivars (Malus × domestica Borkh.), as well as crabapples (Malus spp.) from various countries, including 52 families derived from seed collected in Kazakstan. The other 36 families resulted from controlled crosses. Seedlings at two sites (Havelock North and Riwaka) were individually rated on a 10‐point scale (from 0 = not infected to 9 = very highly infected) for the amount of scab on the leaves (two sites) and fruit (one site only) after natural infection in orchards where no fungicides were applied in the season of evaluation. The overall average scab score was 1.61 for the open‐pollinated families with known provenance in subline 91, with the lowest score for the families from the Netherlands (1.03), followed by Denmark (1.27) and Sweden (1.30). For subline 94, the average scab score for the Kazak families (2.60) was much lower than that for the families derived from cultivare (3.57). There was a fair relationship between the scab levels on the leaves and the fruit (R2 =45.8%). The estimated heritability of scab resistance was moderate (c. 0.30) for some subsets of the Apple Genetics Population, which is sufficient for the efficient development of new apple cultivars with durable resistance. However, heritabilities were much lower for the full‐sib families of subline 91 and the Kazak collection in subline 94. Based on their mean scores, 31 families were identified as having the highest potential for improving scab resistance in apple.
Design challenges for embedded based wireless postoperative bedside monitoring system

Abstract The monitoring of a patient can be carried out by continually measuring the vital parameters by using a pulse oximeter. SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) and the heart rate are the certain parameters for the critical patients to be monitored continuously. In this monitoring system, parameters of the patient are monitored by using pulse oximeter having two Light Emitting Diodes (LED’s) with dissimilar wavelengths. Continuous Pain free monitoring is achieved by a non-invasive monitoring procedure. In this paper, the measured values of SpO2 and the heart rate are wirelessly sent to the doctor through Wi-Fi. These measurements provide early caution to the person to avoid the possible problems in the body.
Isozyme patterns of Armillaria intersterility groups occurring in British Columbia.

Isozyme patterns for esterase and polyphenol oxidase were determined for diploid isolates of the six Armillaria intersterility groups collected in British Columbia. Factor analysis of digitized isozyme banding patterns separated A. bulbosa, A. ostoyae, and groups V and IX of Anderson and Ullrich. Results suggest that isozyme patterns may be used to identify subgroups within intersterility groups and to identify closely related intersterility groups.
Quantitative assessment of carotid artery atherosclerosis by three-dimensional magnetic resonance and two-dimensional ultrasound imaging: a comparison study.

Background It has been proven that magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound imaging are useful tools in the quantification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. However, there are only a few pieces of evidence to illustrate the links of quantitative measurements of carotid plaques between MR and ultrasound imaging. This study looked to compare the quantitative measurements of carotid plaques and investigate their relationship between three-dimensional (3D) MR vessel wall imaging and two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound imaging. Methods Seventy-five asymptomatic elderly subjects (mean age: 73.3±5.7 years; 45 males) with carotid atherosclerotic plaques diagnosed by both ultrasound and MR imaging were included in this study. The plaque size, including the maximum wall thickness (Max WT), plaque length, and plaque area, was measured by 3D MR and ultrasound imaging on longitudinal and cross-sectional views. The quantitative assessments of carotid plaque size were compared and correlated between 3D MR and 2D ultrasound imaging. Results In total, the quantitative measurements of 101 plaques on longitudinal views or 44 plaques on cross-sectional views of both MR and ultrasound imaging were compared. The Max WT of the plaques (longitudinal: 2.9±0.8 vs. 2.4±0.9 mm; cross-sectional: 3.2±1.1 vs. 2.6±0.7 mm) and plaque areas (longitudinal: 24.3±13.4 vs. 17.0±12.7 mm2; cross-sectional: 24.9±24.6 vs. 16.8±13.3 mm2) measured by MR imaging were found to be significantly higher than those measured by ultrasound imaging (all P<0.001). Moderate to strong correlations were found in Max WT, plaque area, plaque length between 3D MR and ultrasound imaging. Conclusions The quantitative measurements of carotid plaques using 3D MR and 2D ultrasound are significantly correlated. The plaque area and Max WT measured by 3D MR imaging are more significant than these parameters measured by 2D ultrasound imaging, which might be explained by the resolution of MR imaging and the workflow of measurements.
Distribution and postprandial release of porcine peptide YY.

: Peptide YY (PYY), a thirty-six amino acid intestinal hormonal peptide with a tyrosine residue at each end (hence YY as Y represents tyrosine in the new peptide nomenclature), was found throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Concentrations were very low in the foregut (antrum, 3.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/g; duodenum, 1.1 +/- 1.5 pmol/g), higher in the distal small intestine (ileum, 100 +/- 13 pmol/g) and very high in the large bowel (descending colon, 270 +/- 45 pmol/g). Peptide YY was found to circulate in plasma and concentrations rose substantially in response to eating (fasting, 138 +/- 15 pmol/l; postprandial, 263 +/- 21 pmol/l; P less than 0.001). There was a small but significant portal/arterial gradient in postprandial PYY levels. More than 90% of the immunoreactive PYY in gut extracts eluted, on gel permeation chromatography, in an identical position to pure PYY standard, but small amounts of higher molecular weight material, possibly precursors, were detected. In contrast, plasma from fasting pigs contained a large proportion (60-70%) of these large molecular forms. These findings suggest that the putative pro-PYY may be cleared more slowly from the circulation than the 36 amino acid hormonal peptide. The high concentrations of immunoreactive PYY in the circulation of the young pig may reflect a species difference between pig and man or may indicate an important role for PYY in the developing animal.
Tillage effects on soil properties and wheat cultivars traits

Information regarding the evaluation of tillage effects on soil properties and rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of Iranian fields is not available. Therefore, this research was conducted in Sanandaj (west of Iran) using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement. Three types of tillage including conventional tillage (moldboard plow to soil depth of 30 cm plus disk harrow twice), minimum tillage (chisel plow to soil depth of 15 cm plus disk harrow once) and no-tillage are assigned to the main plots. Wheat cultivars (Sardari and Azar2) were randomly distributed within the subplots in each tillage system. Results showed that the greatest bulk density and cone index were found in the minimum tillage and no tillage systems. The highest rate of grain yield was obtained in the minimum tillage system. The grain yield of Sardari cultivar (1624.1 kg ha−1) was significantly greater than that of Azar2 (1572 kg ha−1). Minimum tillage improved soil physical properties and wheat growth compared with the other tillage systems. No tillage increased microbial biomass carbon and bacteria number in soil compared with the other tillage systems. We conclude that using minimum tillage for Sardari cultivar will be more effective compared with other treatments.
Evolutionary clustering for dynamic partitioning of transportation network

The problem of clustering transportation networks has been studied in the static framework by considering traffic conditions at a given time. Nevertheless, it is important to underline that traffic is a strongly time-variant process and it needs to be studied in the spatio-temporal dimension. Considering the fact that the congestion is spatially correlated in adjacent roads and it propagates with different speeds, partitioning a transport network into homogeneous trajectories that evolve over time can be extremely useful in order to design a real-time traffic control schema which alleviate or postpone congestion. The paper proposes an evolutionary spectral clustering approach to partition a graph transport network into connected homogeneous trajectories that evolve over time. In order to choose the number of clusters automatically, we use the density peaks algorithm which is based on the idea that cluster centers are characterized by a higher density than their neighbors and by relatively large distance from trajectories with higher densities. The clusters are recognized and the outliers are excluded from the analysis. This method is proved to be efficient regardless the shape and the dimension of the data set. We perform experiments on real road speeds for Amsterdam city traffic network, our results show that the proposed evolutionary spectral clustering algorithm outperforms the static clustering algorithms in its efficiency and robustness.
Modelling sea-level fingerprints of glaciated regions with low mantle viscosity

Abstract. Global patterns of sea-level change – often termed “sea-level fingerprints” – associated with future changes in ice/water mass re-distribution are a key component in generating regional sea-level projections. Calculation of these fingerprints is commonly based on the assumption that the isostatic response of the Earth is dominantly elastic on century timescales. While this assumption is accurate for regions underlain by mantle material with viscosity close to that of global average estimates, recent work focusing on the West Antarctic region has shown that this assumption can lead to significant error where the viscosity is significantly lower than typical global average values. Here, we test this assumption for fingerprints associated with glaciers and ice caps. We compare output from a (1D) elastic Earth model to that of a 3D viscoelastic model that includes low-viscosity mantle in three glaciated regions: Alaska, southwestern Canada, and the southern Andes (Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) regions 1, 2, and 17, respectively). This comparison indicates that the error incurred by ignoring the non-elastic response is of the order of 1 mm in most areas (or about 1 % of the barystatic signal) over the 21st century with values reaching the centimetre level in glaciated regions. However, in glaciated regions underlain by low-viscosity mantle, the non-elastic deformation can result in relative sea-level changes with magnitudes of up to several tens of centimetres (or several times the barystatic value). The magnitude and spatial pattern of this non-elastic signal is sensitive to variations in both the projected ice history and regional viscosity structure, indicating the need for loading models with high spatial resolution and improved constraints on regional Earth viscosity structure to accurately simulate sea-level fingerprints in these regions. The anomalously low mantle viscosity in these regions also amplifies the glacial isostatic adjustment signal associated with glacier changes during the 20th century, causing it to be an important (and even dominant) contributor to the modelled relative sea-level changes over the 21st century.
Underwater exploration by AUV using deep neural network implemented on FPGA

Performing underwater exploration with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) requires low power and high resolution techniques. New computer vision techniques can be used for underwater image classification on embedded devices. These techniques must face machine resource constraints to offer high performance and low power consumption. This paper presents how to implement a Deep Neural Network (DNN) on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to perform underwater exploration with an AUV. We introduce tools and methodology to adapt the technology to the underwater context. This paper is part of a work to create an embedded system that can fit into an AUV to perform real time analysis of the underwater environment (using video camera as main sensor) with high autonomy and endurance. This will be achieved by overcoming underwater exploration challenges as : low power consumption, high classification performance, shortage of high-quality labeled data to train algorithm.
The role of polymorphism at αs1-casein locus on milk fatty acid composition in Girgentana goat

Abstract Sixteen lactating Girgentana goats were used to evaluate the effect of polymorphism at αs1-casein locus on milk fatty acids composition. Animals, homogeneous for milk production, days of lactation and body weight, were divided into two groups: eight homozygous for strong allele (AA group) and eight homozygous for weak allele (FF group). The experimental diet, identical for the two groups, consisted of alfalfa hay (1.5 kg), whole barley, whole maize, pelleted sunflower and whole faba bean (0.5 kg each). In spite of identical selected diets, also in terms of fatty acids, milk fatty acid composition resulted different between the two groups. In particular, except for C8:0, short and medium chain fatty acids and odd chain fatty acids resulted in higher percentage in the AA group. Taking in account that the difference reported in our experiment concerns above all de novo synthesized fatty acids, our results seem to confirm the hypothesis that polymorphism at αs1-casein locus can influence milk fatty acid composition in goats.
Are rainforests self-organized in a critical state?

Abstract The spatial distribution of low-canopy gaps in the Barro Colorado Island rainforest (Panama) is shown to exhibit fractal properties. A simple cellular automata model (the “Forest Game”) was constructed in order to simulate the gap dynamics of such forests as well as the observed macroscopic spatial regularities. Generalized fractal dimensions are studied as a function of several relevant parameters. The observed and simulated fractal behaviour is shown to be related to self-similar dynamics of biomass. This result is interpreted as related to the emergence of a class of “self-organized critical state”.
Localization of the mouse α1A‐adrenergic receptor (AR) in the brain: α1AAR is expressed in neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and NG2 oligodendrocyte progenitors

α1‐Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are not well defined in the central nervous system. The particular cell types and areas that express these receptors are uncertain because of the lack of high avidity antibodies and selective ligands. We have developed transgenic mice that either systemically overexpress the human α1A‐AR subtype fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or express the EGFP protein alone under the control of the mouse α1A‐AR promoter. We confirm our transgenic model against the α1A‐AR knockout mouse, which expresses the LacZ gene in place of the coding region for the α1A‐AR. By using these models, we have now determined cellular localization of the α1A‐AR in the brain, at the protein level. The α1A‐AR or the EGFP protein is expressed prominently in neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pontine olivary nuclei, trigeminal nuclei, cerebellum, and spinal cord. The types of neurons were diverse, and the α1A‐AR colocalized with markers for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Recordings from α1A‐AR EGFP‐expressing cells in the stratum oriens of the hippocampal CA1 region confirmed that these cells were interneurons. We could not detect expression of the α1A‐AR in mature astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or cerebral blood vessels, but we could detect the α1A‐AR in oligodendrocyte progenitors. We conclude that the α1A‐AR is abundant in the brain, expressed in various types of neurons, and may regulate the function of oligodendrocyte progenitors, interneurons, GABA, and NMDA receptor containing neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:209–222, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.