Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing confidence in projecting the Arctic ice-free year with emergent constraints

An ice-free Arctic summer is a landmark of global change and has the far-reaching climate, environmental, and economic impacts. However, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models’ projected occurrence remains notoriously uncertain. Finding emergent constraints to reduce the projection uncertainties has been a foremost challenge. To establish a physical basis for the constraints, we first demonstrate, with numerical experiments, that the observed trend of Arctic ice loss is primarily driven by the Arctic near-surface air temperature. Thus, two constraints are proposed: the Arctic sea ice sensitivity that measures Arctic sea ice response to the local warming, and the Arctic amplification sensitivity that assesses how well the model responds to anthropogenic forcing and allocates heat to the Arctic region. The two constraints are complementary and nearly scenario-independent. The model-projected first Arctic ice-free year significantly depends on the model’s two climate sensitivities. Thus, the first Arctic ice-free year can be predicted by the linear combination of the two Arctic sensitivity measures. Based on model-simulated sensitivity skills, 20 CMIP models are divided into two equal number groups. The ten realistic-sensitivity models project, with a likelihood of 80%, the ice-free Arctic will occur by additional 0.8 °C global warming from 2019 level or before 2040 under the SSP2-4.5 (medium emission) scenario. The ten realistic-sensitivity models’ spread is reduced by about 70% compared to the ten underestimate-sensitivity models’ large spread. The strategy for creating physics-based emergent constraints through numerical experiments may be instrumental for broad application to other fields for advancing robust projection and understanding uncertainty sources.
Investigating the Effect of Uncertainty Characteristics of Renewable Energy Resources on Power System Flexibility

This study investigates the effect of uncertainty characteristics of renewable energy resources on the flexibility of a power system. The more renewable energy resources introduced, the greater the imbalance between load and generation. Securing the flexibility of the system is becoming important to manage this situation. The degree of flexibility cannot be independent of the uncertainty of the power system. However, most existing studies on flexibility have not explicitly considered the effects of uncertainty characteristics. Therefore, this study proposes a method to quantitatively analyze the effect of uncertainty characteristics on power system flexibility. Here, the uncertainties of the power system indicate the net load forecast error, which can be represented as a probability distribution. Of the characteristics of the net load forecast error, skewness and kurtosis were considered. The net load forecast error was modeled with a Pearson distribution, which has been widely used to generate the probability density function with skewness and kurtosis. Scenarios for the forecast net load, skewness, and kurtosis were generated, and their effects on flexibility were evaluated. The simulation results for the scenarios based on a modified IEEE-RTS-96 revealed that skewness is more effective than kurtosis. The proposed method can help system operators to efficiently respond to changes in the uncertainty characteristics of renewable energy resources.
B-FREE project — building freedom for detained adolescents through physical education

ABSTRACT This project, entitled B-FREE, was designed to develop personal and social skills in adolescents deprived of their liberty. The aim was to facilitate future social inclusion by transforming the participants’ behaviour and self-responsibility for their actions, through Physical Education classes based on Hellison’s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model. We used a qualitative methodology under a constructivist philosophical worldview and an ethnography research design. Data was collected through observation records, adolescents self-assessment and key actors’ observations. The results revealed evident improvements in the behaviours and attitudes of the adolescents, both in the Physical Education class and in their daily lives, confirming the adequacy and effectiveness of that teaching model to improve the detained adolescents’ behaviours, through physical education.
Effect of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al5083 Alloy Processed by ECAP at Room Temperature and High Temperature

In this investigation, the focus is on improving the quality of the Al 5083 alloy by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) innovation. Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the best technologies for converting macro grain into ultra-fine-grained structure. Grain structure which is finer increases the strength of the material. In this work, a severe plastic deformation using equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 3 passes was given on Al5083 alloy using path BC at room temperature. The evolution of the microstructure was studied using an optical microscope. Tensile studies were also done. Both hardness (Vickers) and tensile strength rises as the number of passes increases; however, the ductility or the percentage of elongation increases. It can be said that the final product of this aforementioned alloy after ECAPed processing is considered to be suitable for various applications in which higher strength is required.
Thigmomorphogenic Responses of Epiphytic Bromeliads to Mechanical Perturbation

Vascular epiphytes represent almost 10% of all terrestrial plant diversity. Despite their growing sites exposed to frequent extensive storms, nothing is known about how external mechanical perturbations by wind affects epiphytes’ growth and development. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of such mechanical stress on the growth rate and morphology of epiphytes. Juvenile plants of two species of bromeliads, grown in the greenhouse, were subjected to varying degrees of mechanical stress – Permanent displacement, tilting and mechanical flexing. ANOVAs were used to test possible treatment effects on growth, root-shoot ratio, root diameter, and leeward-windward root area ratio. Contrary to previous studies on herbaceous plants, these bromeliads showed little to no change in root and shoot properties in either species. Although the root-shoot ratio increased in disturbed Guzmania lingulata plants (Tukey HSD, p < 0.001), it was not observed in Vriesea sp. Treatment effects on growth were inconsistent: stress effect on growth was significant only in the first three months of the experiment (padj < 0.05) in G. lingulata, while none of the stress treatments resulted in negative growth in Vriesea sp. All disturbed plants showed some degree of curvature on their stems and leaves against the area of stress to obtain an upright position. This was probably related to the maintenance of a functional tank. This study provided quantitative and qualitative data to understand thigmomorphogenic responses of bromeliads to mechanical stress. Future studies could include field surveys to quantify on-site wind stress and the corresponding morphological changes in vascular epiphytes.
Managing talent in mission-driven organizations: a qualitative exploration

Abstract Although there is fruitful talent management (TM) literature on large private companies, little of the TM research examines mission-driven organizations (MDOs). This study addresses this gap by presenting TM in the context of the not-for-profit sector in Russia. Using grounded theory, we interviewed 34 top managers to understand how they define talent and how they manage such talent. The research highlights the crucial role of social values in this context. It generates a perspective on the definition of talent that differs from that of the traditional TM literature. The variety of talent definitions creates the following three different paths for TM: community-based, innovation and learning-based, and security and status-based. Then, we derive from these paths three patterns of TM practices (“managerial”, “entrepreneurial” and “amateur”) that describe the TM practices among Russian MDOs. This study contributes to the TM literature by challenging the traditional approach to TM that focuses on large private companies in Western countries. This paper links TM with social and moral values and presents three different TM patterns, which might be helpful for CEOs, executives and TM managers.
Microwave assisted synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial assessment of quinolone based s-triazines

Abstract A series of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives that contain aniline, 4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolone and different piperazine and piperidine moieties as substituents on the carbon atoms of the triazine ring has been synthesized by a simple and efficient synthetic protocol. Comparative studies were performed on the compounds, which were synthesized with conventional and microwave heating methods. The microwave method was observed to be more beneficial as it provides an increase in yield and 90%–95% reduction time. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested against seven bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans). The results indicate that some of the novel s-triazines have noteworthy activity in MIC and agar diffusion tests.
Improving the Management of a Semi-Arid Agricultural Ecosystem through Digital Mapping of Soil Properties: The Case of Salamanca (Spain)

Soil protection and the increase and intensification of agricultural production require detailed knowledge of soil properties and their variability. On the other hand, the complexity associated with traditional soil mapping processes can lead to the implementation of inappropriate agricultural practices that degrade this resource. Therefore, it is necessary to use mapping techniques to provide more detailed information to farmers and managers. In this study, the geostatistical technique ordinary kriging was used to map the distribution of the most important edaphic properties (texture, nutrients content -N, P, K-, pH, organic carbon, water retention, COLE, carbonate content, and cation exchange capacity) from known sampled points, which allows inferring the value and distribution of the different edaphic parameters studied along the agricultural fields. The results obtained show after validation that the analysis of semivariograms is suitable for evaluating the distribution of the main soil parameters on a large scale, since it faithfully reflects their distribution and makes the ordinary kriging tool a suitable method for optimizing the resources available in soil mapping processes. In addition, the knowledge of these distributions made it possible to establish different recommendations for improving the management of the agricultural ecosystem, which will guarantee a higher agricultural yield as well as a better protection of the analyzed soils.
Identification of fungi from soil and sediment in Jefriz Cave; the first survey in a cave from Iran

The aim of this study was to characterize the mycobiota in soil and sediment samples of Jefriz cave in Kerman, Iran. During 2018−2019, the culturable mycobiota from several sites within the Jefriz cave, resulted in 82 fungal isolates. Morphological characteristics of the isolates, as well as molecular sequence data, were used for species identifications. The fungi were identified as species of Fusarium, Fusicolla, Geomyces (Pseudogymnoascus), Humicola, Chalastospora, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epiciccum, Podospora and Mucor. The most prevalent was Aspergillus spelunceus, followed by Geomyces pannorum and Humicola grisea. The majority of these species have been reported as cave residents in previous studies of cave environments. Our data showed that the fungal community composition varied between the samples from the entrance and less visited sites deeper in the cave. This study is the first cave mycological investigation in Iran, and one of the identified species is reported for the first time from a cave.
Magnetized Black Hole as an Accelerator of Charged Particle

Astrophysical accretion processes near the black hole candidates, such as active galactic nuclei (AGN), X-ray binary (XRB), and other astrophysical sources, are associated with high-energetic emission of radiation of relativistic particles and outflows (winds or jets). It is widely believed that the magnetic field plays a very important role to explain such high energetic processes in the vicinity of those astrophysical sources. In the present research note, we propose that the black hole is embedded in an asymptotically uniform magnetic field. We investigate the dynamic motion of charged particles in the vicinity of a weakly magnetized black hole. We show that, in the presence of the magnetic field, the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) for a charged particle is located close to the black hole’s horizon. The fundamental frequencies, such as Keplerian and epicyclic frequencies of the charged particle are split into two parts due to the magnetic field, as an analog of the Zeeman effect. The orbital velocity of the charged particle measured by a local observer has been computed in the presence of the external magnetic field. We also present an analytical expression for the four-acceleration of the charged particle orbiting around black holes. Finally, we determine the intensity of the radiating charged accelerating relativistic particle orbiting around the magnetized black hole.
The comparison of social studies textbooks in Turkey, the United States and France based on values education

The present study aimed to compare social studies or equivalent course textbooks in Turkey, the United States, and France (ethics-citizenship education) based on values education content. The study was designed with the holistic multi-case method, a qualitative research approach, and the study data were collected with document analysis. The study group was assigned with criterion sampling, a purposive sampling method. The study data were analyzed with the content analysis technique. The study findings were as follows: Value dimensions in the textbooks employed in the three countries were similar in the self-transcendence value dimension in Turkey and France, while self-enhancement value dimension was identified in the US (New York) textbooks. Analysis of the value types identified in the textbooks of the three countries demonstrated that the achievement category was prominent in Turkish and American (New York) textbooks, while universalism-concern value type was observed in France. Modesty value type was observed the least in the USA (New York) and France textbooks. However, the least frequent category was prestige in Turkish textbooks. The instruction approaches that were frequently observed in the textbook learning-instruction processes in the three countries were similar and the value explanation approach was adopted in Turkish and American (New York) social studies and French ethics-citizenship textbooks. The least frequent value instruction approaches in the textbooks were value instruction by observation in Turkish and French textbooks and moral reasoning method in the American (New York) social studies textbooks. Furthermore, American (New York) textbooks did not employ the value instruction by observation approach.
Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance of hospitality firms in South Africa

Sustainable leaders use the resources of their organisations to solve environmental and social challenges while generating value for the shareholders. This study investigated the relationship between sustainable leadership and sustainable performance of hospitality firms. Financial, social, and environmental indicators were used to measure sustainable performance. The study used the quantitative research method and the cross-sectional survey method was used to collect data from 192 respondents. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results indicated significant positive relationships between sustainable leadership and financial, social, and environmental performance of hospitality firms. Recommendations to improve sustainable leadership in hospitality firms include a training and a reward system that focuses on sustainable leadership and performance. Limitations and areas for further study are discussed.
SSR Based Genetic Diversity in Magic Lines of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Soybean MAGIC lines are recently developed by tailor made source of germplasm that have undergone heavy genetic recombination. The present study was carried out in Kharif 2018 to Rabi 2019 - 20 to assess its extent of genetic diversity at molecular level in 95 soybean MAGIC lines along with six checks by using 30 SSR markers from which 27 were found polymorphic. A total of 106 alleles were generated with an average of 3.53 and a range of two to six alleles per loci. The value of observed heterozygosity was varying from 0.00 to 0.099 indicating a higher frequency of homozygotes among the accessions. Maximum PIC was 0.955 for Staga001 followed by 0.948 (Satt168, Satt453, Satt534), 0.947(Satt565) and 0.945(Satt371). The range of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was varying from 0.089 to 1, most of the values were between 0.2 to 0.3 with an average of 0.3 indicating considerable diversity exists among the genotypes. A total of six main clusters were formed by UPGMA clustering method. Cluster II was the largest comprising 48 genotypes which were grouped into four sub-clusters. Clustering based on SSR markers revealed a very precise grouping of the genotypes based on their relatedness than their phenotypic data alone. Hence it can be successfully deployed for selecting desirable genotypes which can be utilized in future breeding programs for exploiting heterosis or in the introgression of genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in soybean crop.
A Vector Autoregressive Market Model for IT Sector Stocks in India

This study proposes a vector autoregressive form for the market model and tests its significance against the market model for information technology (IT) sector stocks in the Indian stock market. The analysis was performed for a sample of nineteen IT sector stocks listed on the National Stock Exchange of India, of which nine stocks were large-cap, six were mid-cap, and four were small-cap. The study period considered was Jan. 1, 2018 – Dec. 31, 2018. The key contribution of the study was the finding that the vector autoregressive model is a better model of stock returns than the market model for IT sector stocks. Thus, IT sector stocks seem to react more to market movements from the previous day than on the day itself. The implication for asset pricing modelling is that systematic risk may be further decomposed into a component corresponding to sensitivity to market movements on the day and a component corresponding to sensitivity to market movements on the previous day. The asset pricing model would be extended to include market risk premia for both of these components of systemic risk.
Investigation on Data Adaptation Techniques for Neural Named Entity Recognition

Data processing is an important step in various natural language processing tasks. As the commonly used datasets in named entity recognition contain only a limited number of samples, it is important to obtain additional labeled data in an efficient and reliable manner. A common practice is to utilize large monolingual unlabeled corpora. Another popular technique is to create synthetic data from the original labeled data (data augmentation). In this work, we investigate the impact of these two methods on the performance of three different named entity recognition tasks.
Cybersecurity Information Sharing: Analysing an Email Corpus of Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure

Information sharing is widely held to improve cybersecurity outcomes whether its driven by market forces or by cooperation among ﬁrms and individuals. Formal institutions may be established to facilitate cooperative information sharing. This paper presents a case-study of such an institution, the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC), and provides quantitative insights based on the meta data of 434K emails passing through CERT/CC since 1993. Our longitudinal re-sults show how the volume and proportion of emails about diﬀerent products and vendors has varied over time. We also analyse the distributions of information sharing volume, participation, and duration across 46K vulnerabilities. Finally, we run regressions to understand how the volume of information sharing and decision to coordinate vary based on properties of the vulnerability and the aﬀected vendors. We discuss what has changed, the appropriateness of a competitive or cooperative framing, and limitations.
The value of data: Estimating the value individuals put on access to their computer ﬁles

Cyber attacks are a growing threat that undoubtedly cause signiﬁcant loss to individuals. We know, however, surprisingly little about the true economic cost of such attacks. In this paper we estimate the value individuals put on access to their computer ﬁles by eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) from a representative sample of the UK population. We report the results of three surveys, which vary in the methods used to elicit WTP and WTA, and give broadly consistent results. We ﬁnd that the distribution of valuations is highly skewed to the right, with a median WTP of around £ 50-1000 and a median WTA of £ 700-1000. We ﬁnd a large and systematic diﬀerence between WTP and WTA which may reﬂect the ‘psychological’ cost of cyber-crime.
SCM: Secured Cloud Model defeating Un-authorization using digital signature with chaotic secure hashing and Work scheduling based on improved Genetic algorithm

: Cloud data allocation facility, which allows a group of user to work together to access and the shared data, is one of the most standard and effective working styles in the enterprises. So, in spite of having advantages of scalability and flexibility, cloud storage service comes with confidential and the security concerns. A direct method to defend the user’s data is to encrypt the data stored at the cloud. In this research work, we suggest a Secure Cloud Model (SCM) that contains user authentication, and data scheduling. An innovative digital signature with chaotic secure hashing (DS-CS) is used for user authentication, followed by an enhanced work scheduling based on improved genetic algorithm to reduce the execution cost. We executed the proposed SCM in the Java simulator and estimated its performance in terms of throughput, Normalized schedule cost, Success rate, end to end delay and Number of Packet Loss .