Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Unmet Needs of Family Dementia Caregivers: Results of the Baseline Assessment of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial

BACKGROUND Caregivers providing informal care for people with dementia (PwD) often report unmet needs, burden, and health impairments. Optimal support for family dementia caregivers will likely benefit from better understanding and assessment of the prevalence and types of caregivers' unmet needs and associated socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates 1) the number and types of caregivers' unmet needs, 2) socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of both PwD and caregivers, and 3) caregivers' burden and health-related outcomes that are related to caregivers' unmet needs. METHODS The present analyses are based on cross-sectional data of n = 226 dyads of caregivers and their community-dwelling PwD participating in a comprehensive standardized, computer-based caregivers' needs assessment within a general practitioner (GP)-based, cluster-randomized intervention trial. RESULTS A total of n = 505 unmet needs were identified for n = 171 caregivers from the intervention group at baseline. Only 24.3% caregivers reported no unmet need (n = 55), whereas 75.7% caregivers had at least one unmet need (n = 171). Caregivers had on average 2.19 unmet needs (mean = 2.19, SD = 2.15). Specifically, 53.1% of caregivers had one up to three unmet needs (n = 120), 18.6% (n = 42) had three up to six unmet needs, and 4.0% (n = 9) had more than six unmet needs. DISCUSSION Our results underline the importance of a comprehensive needs assessment for family dementia caregivers to develop and implement concepts that can provide family dementia caregivers with optimal support.
Reaction of O2 with a diiron protein generates a mixed-valent Fe2+/Fe3+ center and peroxide

Significance Enzymes that activate dioxygen at diiron centers located within four α-helical bundles with carboxylate residue-rich coordination are abundant in nature. Mechanistic studies of the Fe2+/Fe2+ forms of these proteins have shown that peroxo-Fe3+/Fe3+ intermediates are common to most of their reactions. Remarkably, the O2 reaction of the unusual ferritin SynFtn does not lead to the peroxo-Fe3+/Fe3+ form but instead directly generates mixed-valent Fe3+/Fe2+ centers and hydrogen peroxide via a mechanism that involves long-range electron transfer between diiron centers and the transient formation of a Tyr• radical close to the diiron center. This work reveals previously unrecognized catalytic iron–O2 chemistry and demonstrates that ferritins do not all mineralize iron via a common mechanism. The gene encoding the cyanobacterial ferritin SynFtn is up-regulated in response to copper stress. Here, we show that, while SynFtn does not interact directly with copper, it is highly unusual in several ways. First, its catalytic diiron ferroxidase center is unlike those of all other characterized prokaryotic ferritins and instead resembles an animal H-chain ferritin center. Second, as demonstrated by kinetic, spectroscopic, and high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data, reaction of O2 with the di-Fe2+ center results in a direct, one-electron oxidation to a mixed-valent Fe2+/Fe3+ form. Iron–O2 chemistry of this type is currently unknown among the growing family of proteins that bind a diiron site within a four α-helical bundle in general and ferritins in particular. The mixed-valent form, which slowly oxidized to the more usual di-Fe3+ form, is an intermediate that is continually generated during mineralization. Peroxide, rather than superoxide, is shown to be the product of O2 reduction, implying that ferroxidase centers function in pairs via long-range electron transfer through the protein resulting in reduction of O2 bound at only one of the centers. We show that electron transfer is mediated by the transient formation of a radical on Tyr40, which lies ∼4 Å from the diiron center. As well as demonstrating an expansion of the iron–O2 chemistry known to occur in nature, these data are also highly relevant to the question of whether all ferritins mineralize iron via a common mechanism, providing unequivocal proof that they do not.
Model‐based exploration of the variability in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) bioaccumulation factors: The influence of physiology and trophic relationships

Because dietary consumption of fish is often a major vector of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), much effort is directed toward a quantitative understanding of fish bioaccumulation using mechanistic models. However, many such models fail to explicitly consider how uptake and loss rate constants relate to fish physiology. We calculated the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of hypothetical POPs, with octanol–water partition coefficients ranging from 104.5 to 108.5, in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) with a food‐web bioaccumulation model that uses bioenergetics to ensure that physiological parameters applied to a species are internally consistent. We modeled fish in 6 Canadian lakes (Great Slave Lake, Lake Ontario, Source Lake, Happy Isle Lake, Lake Opeongo, and Lake Memphremagog) to identify the factors that cause the BAFs of differently sized lake trout to vary between and within lakes. When comparing differently sized lake trout within a lake, larger fish tend to have the highest BAF because they allocate less energy toward growth than smaller fish and have higher activity levels. When comparing fish from different lakes, the model finds that diet composition and prey energy density become important in determining the BAF, in addition to activity and the amount of total energy allocated to growth. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:831–840. © 2019 SETAC
Serum angiopoietin-2 concentrations of post-PCI are correlated with the parameters of renal function in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently have comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their renal function may deteriorate because of the use of contrast agent after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), which is highly expressed in the site of angiogenesis, plays an important role in both CAD and CKD. This study aimed to investigate the relation of serum Ang-2 concentrations with the renal function after PCI. This study enrolled 57 patients with CAD undergoing PCI. Blood samples for Ang-2 were collected in the first morning after admission and within 24 to 48 h after PCI. The parameters of renal function (serum creatinine, cystatin C and eGFR) were tested on the first day after admission and within 72 h after PCI. Overall, serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI were significantly lower than those of pre-PCI [median, 1733 (IQR, 1100–2568) vs median, 2523 (IQR, 1702–3640) pg/mL; P < . 001]. However, in patients with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), there was no significant difference between serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI and those of pre-PCI [median, 2851 (IQR, 1720–4286) vs. median, 2492 (IQR, 1434–4994) pg/mL; P = . 925]. In addition, serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI, but not pre-PCI, were significantly correlated with the post-PCI parameters of renal function. Serum Ang-2 concentrations of post-PCI are closely related to renal function in patients with CAD. It may have potential to be the early biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy in the future.
Sex‐dependent effects of Cacna1c haploinsufficiency on juvenile social play behavior and pro‐social 50‐kHz ultrasonic communication in rats

As cross‐disorder risk gene, CACNA1C is implicated in the etiology of all major neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in social behavior and communication and there is evidence for sex‐dependent influences of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms within CACNA1C on diagnosis, course, and recovery in humans. In this study, we aimed, therefore, at further exploring the role of Cacna1c in regulating behavioral phenotypes, focusing on sex‐specific differences in social behavior and communication during the critical developmental period of adolescence in rats. Specifically, we compared rough‐and‐tumble play, concomitant emission of pro‐social 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and social approach behavior in response to playback of 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations between constitutive heterozygous Cacna1c +/− females and wildtype Cacna1c +/+ littermate controls, and contrasted present female findings to data previously reported in males. Our results show for the first time that partial depletion of Cacna1c leads to sex‐dependent alterations in social behavior and communication in rats. In females, Cacna1c haploinsufficiency led to hypermasculinization, with rough‐and‐tumble play behavior, in general, and pinning behavior, in particular, being even higher than in males without affecting concomitant 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. In males, in contrast, rough‐and‐tumble play behavior was not altered, yet emission of 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations was diminished following partial Cacna1c depletion. The behavioral responses elicited by playback of 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations were reduced upon partial Cacna1c depletion in both sexes. It thus can be concluded that Cacna1c plays a prominent sex‐dependent role in regulating juvenile rat social play behavior and pro‐social 50‐kHz ultrasonic communication with relevance to sex‐specific effects seen in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Methodology and feasibility of a 3D printed assistive technology intervention

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing now allows rehabilitation professionals to design and manufacture assistive technologies in a few hours. However, there is limited guidance for researchers and clinicians for implementing 3D printing assistive technology interventions and measuring their outcomes. The goal of this study was to develop a standardized 3D printing assistive technology intervention and a research methodology, using pillboxes as an example. Fourteen pillbox users engaged in a study comparing their use of an off-the-shelf pillbox to a customized 3D printed pillbox. Study outcomes were evaluated on feasibility (recruitment capability, study procedures and outcome measures, acceptability of the study procedures, the research team’s ability to manage and implement the study, and the participant’s preliminary response to intervention). Participant outcomes were measured on satisfaction with the device and medication adherence. Fourteen participants completed the study and received customized 3D printed pillboxes. The study design performed well on all aspects of feasibility except the research team’s ability to manage and implement the study, as they experienced several technical issues. Notably, the participants reported improved device satisfaction and medication adherence with the 3D printed device with large effect sizes. The 3D printed assistive technology intervention is a replicable process that supports professionals in printing their own assistive technologies. Recommendations are made to further enhance feasibility of 3D printing assistive technology studies. Future research is warranted. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION 3D printing is an increasingly feasible approach allowing for the design and manufacture of customized assistive technology Evaluation for assistive technology that will be 3D printed should include information about the person’s activities, routines, skills, abilities, and preferences. Evaluation of outcomes should include satisfaction with the device and a functional measure. 3D printed assistive technology interventions should include the collaboration between the assistive technology professional and client. It should also include device training. Future 3D printing research studies should report pragmatic data including printing device, time to print, and number of errors.
Late-onset pattern macular dystrophy mimicking ABCA4 and PRPH2 disease is caused by a homozygous frameshift mutation in ROM1

ROM1 (retinal outer segment membrane protein 1) is a 351-amino acid integral membrane protein on Chromosome 11q, with high structural similarity to PRPH2/RDS. Localized at the rims of photoreceptor outer segments (OSs), it is required for the maintenance of OS structure. Here, we describe a case with a phenotypic manifestation of a homozygous single-base pair deletion, c.712delC (p.Leu238Cysfs*78) in the ROM1 gene, resulting in early termination at exon 2. The variant was detected by whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a 63-yr-old Caucasian woman with late-onset pattern macular dystrophy. Notably, although the phenotype resembles those caused by pathogenic variants in ABCA4 or RDS/PRPH2, no pathogenic variants in these, or any other plausible candidate genes, were identified by WES. Clinical features include the presence of hyperautofluorescent flecks, relative sparing of the central macula, and preserved visual acuity. Reduced visual sensitivity was detected among flecked regions in the retina; however, full-field electroretinogram testing revealed no generalized cone dysfunction. The described first case of the complete loss of ROM1 protein function in the retina suggests its sufficiency for late-onset macular dystrophy. ROM1 and PRPH2 pattern macular dystrophies exhibit phenotype overlap, which may be attributable to their shared role in maintenance of the photoreceptor outer segment structure.
Three-Stream Attention-Aware Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection

Previous RGB-D fusion systems based on convolutional neural networks typically employ a two-stream architecture, in which RGB and depth inputs are learned independently. The multi-modal fusion stage is typically performed by concatenating the deep features from each stream in the inference process. The traditional two-stream architecture might experience insufficient multi-modal fusion due to two following limitations: 1) the cross-modal complementarity is rarely studied in the bottom–up path, wherein we believe the cross-modal complements can be combined to learn new discriminative features to enlarge the RGB-D representation community and 2) the cross-modal channels are typically combined by undifferentiated concatenation, which appears ambiguous to selecting cross-modal complementary features. In this paper, we address these two limitations by proposing a novel three-stream attention-aware multi-modal fusion network. In the proposed architecture, a cross-modal distillation stream, accompanying the RGB-specific and depth-specific streams, is introduced to extract new RGB-D features in each level in the bottom–up path. Furthermore, the channel-wise attention mechanism is innovatively introduced to the cross-modal cross-level fusion problem to adaptively select complementary feature maps from each modality in each level. Extensive experiments report the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and the significant improvement over the state-of-the-art RGB-D salient object detection methods.
Individual Differences in Perceptual Sensitivity and Representation of Facial Signals of Trustworthiness

One of the most important sources of social information is the human face, on whose appearance we easily form social judgments: Adults tend to attribute a certain personality to a stranger based on minimal facial cues, and after a short exposure time. Previous studies shed light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the ability to discriminate facial properties conveying social signals, but the underlying processes supporting individual differences remain poorly understood. In the current study, we explored whether differences in sensitivity to facial cues to trustworthiness and in representing such cues in a multidimensional space are associated with individual variability in social attitude, as measured by the extraversion/introversion dimension. Participants performed a task where they assessed the similarity between faces that varied in the level of trustworthiness, and multidimensional scaling analyses were performed to describe perceptual similarity in a multidimensional representational space. Extraversion scores impacted RTs, but not accuracy or face representation, making less extraverted individuals slower in detecting similarity of faces based on physical cues to trustworthiness. These findings are discussed from an ontogenetic perspective, where reduced social motivation might constrain perceptual attunement to social cues from faces, without affecting the structuring of the face representational space.
Decreased Antibiotic Susceptibility Driven by Global Remodeling of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteome*

Keasey et al. investigate the proteomic mechanisms used to circumvent the effect of antibiotics by Gram-negative bacteria that do not harbor traditional genetic elements of resistance. The proteomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria that survived treatment with antibiotic inhibitors of ribosomal protein synthesis were examined by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Taking a systems approach, they identify both common and drug-specific molecular pathways that facilitate decreased susceptibility to antibiotics. These results explain why some antibiotic treatments fail even with sensitive pathogens. Graphical Abstract Highlights Global proteomic remodeling alters antibiotic susceptibility in K. pneumoniae. Drug specific transport, sugar utilization, central metabolism, capsule synthesis. Common pathways of reactive oxygen scavenging, turnover of misfolded proteins. Integrated adjustments and unique drug-specific features for drug combinations. Bacteria can circumvent the effect of antibiotics by transitioning to a poorly understood physiological state that does not involve conventional genetic elements of resistance. Here we examine antibiotic susceptibility with a Class A β-lactamase+ invasive strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae that was isolated from a lethal outbreak within laboratory colonies of Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus monkeys. Bacterial responses to the ribosomal synthesis inhibitors streptomycin and doxycycline resulted in distinct proteomic adjustments that facilitated decreased susceptibility to each antibiotic. Drug-specific changes to proteomes included proteins for receptor-mediated membrane transport and sugar utilization, central metabolism, and capsule production, whereas mechanisms common to both antibiotics included elevated scavenging of reactive oxygen species and turnover of misfolded proteins. Resistance to combined antibiotics presented integrated adjustments to protein levels as well as unique drug-specific proteomic features. Our results demonstrate that dampening of Klebsiella pneumoniae susceptibility involves global remodeling of the bacterial proteome to counter the effects of antibiotics and stabilize growth.
Realization of the Kohn’s Theorem in Ge/Si Quantum Dots with Hole Gas: Theory and Experiment

This article discusses specific quantum transitions in a few-particle hole gas, localized in a strongly oblate lens-shaped quantum dot. Based on the adiabatic method, the possibility of realizing the generalized Kohn theorem in such a system is shown. The criteria for the implementation of this theorem in a lens-shaped quantum dot, fulfilled in the experiment, is presented. An analytical expression is obtained for the frequencies of resonant absorption of far-infrared radiation by a gas of heavy holes, which depends on the geometric parameters of the quantum dot. The results of experiments on far-infrared absorption in the arrays of p-doped Ge/Si quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with gradually increasing average number of holes in dot are presented. Experimental results show that the Coulomb interaction between the holes does not affect the resonant frequency of the transitions. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is shown.
LiaR‐independent pathways to daptomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis reveal a multilayer defense against cell envelope antibiotics

The lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin (DAP) is a key drug against serious enterococcal infections, but the emergence of resistance in the clinical setting is a major concern. The LiaFSR system plays a prominent role in the development of DAP resistance (DAP‐R) in enterococci, and blocking this stress response system has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy. In this work, we identify LiaR‐independent pathways in Enterococcus faecalis that regulate cell membrane adaptation in response to antibiotics. We adapted E. faecalis OG1RF (a laboratory strain) and S613TM (a clinical strain) lacking liaR to increasing concentrations of DAP, leading to the development of DAP‐R and elevated MICs to bacitracin and ceftriaxone. Whole genome sequencing identified changes in the YxdJK two‐component regulatory system and a putative fatty acid kinase (dak) in both DAP‐R strains. Deletion of the gene encoding the YxdJ response regulator in both the DAP‐R mutant and wild‐type OG1RF decreased MICs to DAP, even when a functional LiaFSR system was present. Mutations in dak were associated with slower growth, decreased membrane fluidity and alterations of cell morphology. These findings suggest that overlapping stress response pathways can provide protection against antimicrobial peptides in E. faecalis at a significant cost in bacterial fitness.
Eradication of hairy mouth after oncological resection of the tongue and floor mouth using a diode laser 808 nm. Postoperative pain assessment using thermal infrared imaging

Vascularized soft tissue flaps are often harvested from hair‐bearing areas, such as the radial forearm or anterolateral thigh, making their use in oral reconstruction problematic due to postoperative hair growth. The presence of intact hair follicles in free tissue transfer and continued hair growth at the recipient site can result in difficulties with oral hygiene, intraoral irritation, food trapping, and patient distress. This study was to evaluate the intraoral efficacy and safety of a diode laser 808 nm when used for hair removal.
Involvement of the serotonergic system and neuroplasticity in the antidepressant effect of curcumin in ovariectomized rats: Comparison with oestradiol and fluoxetine

Antidepressant drugs are associated with many challenges due to their adverse impacts. Seeking alternatives through medicinal plants could have a great merit in overcoming these deleterious effects. This study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of curcumin (CUR) in modifying the depression‐like behaviour in ovariectomised (OVX) rats, inference with fluoxetine (FLX) and oestradiol (E2). The treatments of OVX rats started after 1 month post ovariectomy and proceeded for 1 month. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: sham‐operated, OVX‐, OVX‐FLX (20 mg kg−1, i.p., daily), OVX‐E2 (100 μg kg−1, i.m., every other day), and OVX‐CUR‐ (100 mg kg−1, p.o., daily) treated groups. The results showed that CUR modulated the depression‐like behaviour using forced swimming test. It improved the serotonin content in many brain regions by upregulating tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 and 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A,2A receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) and downregulating monoamine oxidase A mRNA in the limbic system. Furthermore, it upregulated aromatase, brain‐derived neurotropic factor mRNA, and extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2 protein in the limbic system, relative to FLX and E2, compared with OVX group. In conclusion, CUR appears to be safe and efficient agent as serotonin modulator similar to FLX and neurotrophic agent like E2, in improving the depression‐like behaviour in OVX rats.