Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative Sequence Voltage Magnitude based Unsynchronized Fault Location on Three Terminal Lines

Accurate fault locating on transmission lines is of great value to the power transmission operators. Most micro-processor based relays implement fault location using different impedance based methods. This paper describes an approach for the estimation of fault based on negative sequence voltage magnitude at both ends of the faulted circuit. A two-ended fault location method is used for estimating the fault distance measurement accuracy by using the data of two ends of the line to revoke the effect of fault resistance & mutual coupling between the negative sequence components of the two circuits since negative sequence circuit is considered. The two-ended method locates the unsymmetrical faults independent of fault classification & pre-fault conditions. Study of this work can be analysed using unsynchronized fault location for three terminal lines. Based on unsynchronized measurements, fault estimation is tested for different cases. Fault location will be modelled using lumped parameter & PI model & is implemented in MATLAB environment.
Mathematical Modelling of Human Motivation: A Vector Hypothesis Modelación matemática de la motivación humana: una hipótesis vectorial

The present article gives a list of axioms needed for building up a mathematical theory of human motivation. A mathematical model of labour motivation is proposed. Motivation is represented as a resulting vector of partial motivation generated by specific groups of needs. Vroom's model is included in the proposed model as instant motivation. Theoretical correlations between the quantity of funds dedicated to motivate employees and the intensity of motivation factors and between the level of motivation and the level of productivity are proposed.
Design sensitivity and statistical power in acceptability judgment experiments

Previous investigations into the validity of acceptability judgment data have focused almost exclusively on type I errors (or false positives) because of the consequences of such errors for syntactic theories (Sprouse & Almeida 2012; Sprouse et al. 2013). The current study complements these previous studies by systematically investigating the type II error rate (false negatives), or equivalently, the statistical power , of a wide cross-section of possible acceptability judgment experiments. Though type II errors have historically been assumed to be less costly than type I errors, the dynamics of scientific publishing mean that high type II error rates (i.e., studies with low statistical power) can lead to increases in type I error rates in a given field of study. We present a set of experiments and resampling simulations to estimate statistical power for four tasks (forced-choice, Likert scale, magnitude estimation, and yes-no), 50 effect sizes instantiated by real phenomena, sample sizes from 5 to 100 participants, and two approaches to statistical analysis (null hypothesis and Bayesian). Our goals are twofold (i) to provide a fuller picture of the status of acceptability judgment data in syntax, and (ii) to provide detailed information that syntacticians can use to design and evaluate the sensitivity of acceptability judgment experiments in their own research.
Ammonia Concentrations in Poultry Broiler Production Units Treated with Liquid Alum

High ammonia concentrations in commercial broiler production houses can result in poor bird performance, lower feed conversion ratios, and higher mortalities. Growers have traditionally controlled in-house ammonia levels by increasing ventilation. During cold weather, increased ventilation rates result in higher heating energy requirements. Granular alum (aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 · 14H2O) has been successfully used as a litter amendment to reduce ammonia volatilization from litter inside broiler production houses. In this study, liquid aluminum sulfate was investigated as a litter amendment for ammonia suppression in four commercial poultrybroiler units. This project investigates four treatment levels of liquid alum in four adjacent broiler facilities of the same design. The houses were treated with the following rates of liquid alum: 0, 0.82, 1.64 and 2.46 L/m2, equivalent to 0, 45, 90, and 135 kilograms of dry aluminum sulfate per 93 m2 of floor area on an aluminum sulfate basis. In-house gaseous ammonia levels, temperature, relative humidity, fan flow-rates and mortalities are reported over one grow-out cycle in this paper. The lowest rate of liquid alum application, 0.82 L/m2 , was effective at maintaining in-house ammonia levels below 25 ppm for the first two weeks of the grow-out. Both the 1.64 L/m2 and 2.46 L/m2 alum application rates were found to provide effective control of in-house ammonia concentrations for the first three weeks of the grow-out.
OVERVIEW OF PERSEO, A SYSTEM FOR SIMULATING FEL DYNAMICS IN MATHCAD

Perseo is a library of functions devoted to the simulation of FEL dynamics in the Mathcad environment. Functions for the generation of phase space variables, for the solution of the pendulum-like equation and for manipulating the phase space in a number of devices are available. These function can be combined in order to model more complicated situations as time dependent simulations, 3D simulations, oscillator FEL configurations, optical klystron, cascaded FELs …
The use of distribution factor technique for water allocation in rotational irrigation

Yield failure is often caused by the uncertainty of supply or the shortage of water at the critical period of crop growth. This situation compels farmers and engineers to find ways to efficiently use the available resource. Reduction of irrigation depth or extension of irrigation interval are the methods commonly adopted. Another alternative is the application of the rotational irrigation technique instead of continuous irrigation. The question is how to adjust the water supply to minimize crop yield losses. Water supply itself is a dynamic parameter depending on farm size, canal capacity and crop growth stages. The distribution factor (DF) is a technique of water distribution based on the dynamic character of the supply over the growth stages. It allows categorization of the allocation of the available water in the farm within the limit of the channel capacity to satisfy crop water needs. The procedure was applied to a set of 24 farms in 2006 in the Chianan Irrigation Association which frequently experiences water shortages. The results showed that if a uniform reduction of water supply could be applied during moderate water shortages, DF made it possible to rationally distribute water among rotational groups in severe shortage conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Undergraduate Students' Assessment of E-Portals in Selected Private Universities in South-West Nigeria

Adoption of e-portals in the Nigerian higher education sector is a step in the right direction considering the potentials of the technology in connecting the university with students, potential students, staff, parents and the global community. Student assessment of the usefulness, ease of use and reliability of e-portals is however critical in determining the relevance and success of the technology. This study therefore surveyed undergraduate students' assessment of university portals in selected private universities in South-West Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was used to randomly select 1244 undergraduate students from the faculties of Social-Sciences and Management and Science and Technology in the selected universities. Data was collected with a self-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chisquare. The findings showed that the portal is used mainly for information purposes and rarely for core academic activities such as accessing e-learning programs, lecture notes or library materials. The major challenge students face in using the portals was unstable internet connection. Information currency and accuracy is perceived to be low and some of the students had concern about the security of their transactions via the portal. Furthermore, over 50% of the respondents find the portals complex and needed technical assistance to use them effectively. The study therefore recommends that the university administration should provide more reliable internet service, ensure adequate user training and support services for students, regularly update the information on their portal and expand the usefulness of their portals to support core academic activities.
Precipitation-driven soil erosion with stone cover and negligible surface roughness

Precipitation-driven soil erosion due to the stone cover and negligible surface roughness was tested in laboratory flume experiments under controlled conditions. The aim of the experiments was to ascertain whether cumulative soil erosion is proportional to the area of soil exposed under the condition of constant and uniform precipitation onto an initially smooth soil surface. The surface area exposed to precipitation-driven erosion was adjusted by placing stones onto the surface of identically prepared soil in laboratory flumes. Three experiments were carried out with different stone coverage (20 and 40%), rainfall intensity (28 and 74 mm h -1 ) and initial moisture content (6.52-24.30%), but with a fixed slope (2.2%). The experimental conditions ensured that the dominant erosion mechanism was precipitation. Experiments were performed using flumes of the same size (6-m × 1-m). Sediment concentration and discharge rate were measured at the flume exits during the experiments. The laboratory results showed that the cumulative mass eroded depends on the cumulative runoff, and that soil erosion is proportional to the soil surface area exposed to raindrops. Additionally, the results showed that this relationship is controlled to a smaller extent by the soil’s initial moisture content. Three sets of previously published field data on precipitation-driven soil erosion were analyzed to ascertain whether the same behavior can be observed under field conditions. For this case it was found that precipitation-driven erosion is not proportional to the area exposed. The data sets examined consistently showed that prediction of cumulative eroded mass using only the stone coverage over predicts the measured eroded sediment. In contrast to the laboratory experiments, the field experiments are characterized by non-uniform initial surface roughness, and heterogeneous stone size and spatial distribution. The data are consistent with the conclusion that soil erosion is controlled by several factors including area of soil exposed, surface roughness, stone size and spatial distribution, and
I’m too clever for this job: a bivariate probit analysis on overeducation and job satisfaction in Australia

Using data from the first wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia data set, this article establishes an empirical relationship between overeducation and workplace satisfaction for Australian adult males in the labour force. In a departure from much of the existing literature, both univariate and bivariate probit models are used to account for potential unobserved heterogeneity. We find that estimates in the univariate probit models are positively biased for three of the six measures of workplace satisfaction studied. This suggests that consideration should be given to the use of bivariate models when studying the determinants of workplace satisfaction and overeducation. Results show, although levels of satisfaction remain high, that across all measures of workplace satisfaction overeducated workers are less satisfied compared to their nonovereducated counterparts. This intimates that satisfaction levels should be viewed from a relative, rather than an absolute perspective. ‘Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work’ Aristotle 384BC–322BC
The effect of playing violent video games on adolescents: Should parents be quaking in their boots?

Abstract Debate regarding the psychological and behavioural effects of playing violent video games has recently led to claims that violent video games increase aggression effects in adolescents, and that this issue has now been settled. However, other researchers have found either no detrimental effects from game playing or even positive (cathartic) effects. In this research we demonstrate that these different conclusions are not mutually exclusive and can be explained by the method of assessment and analytic techniques utilised. We had adolescents play a violent video game (Quake II) and took measurements of anger both before, during and after game play. The results demonstrated that some people increase, some decrease and the majority show no change in anger ratings. Unlike past research, we also demonstrate that these changes are mediated by the player's feelings immediately prior to game play and a labile temperament – one predisposed to aggression – and that these variables predict people's reactions with an average 73% concordance rate.
Causal Relationships Between Intangibles and Overall Assessment of the Service Received in a Travel Agency/Calidad e Intangibles. Relaciones de causalidad en los servicios de intermediación. Aplicación a las Agencias de Viajes

Adaptation of travel agencies to the standards of the New Economy is leading to a trend towards restructuring the sector aimed at finding new competitive strategies. The growing importance of intangible assets in achieving such strategies has motivated this study, which has tried to identify those intangible factors, present in the provision of the service, that have a direct relationship with the client’s perception of a differentiation in the service received. La calidad se ha convertido en un factor determinante para el exito de las empresas, en especial las del sector servicios. En el caso de los servicios de intermediaicon turistica, las tecnologias de la informacion y, en concreto: Internet, ha abierto nuevos campos de actuacion y vias de comercializacion, donde la competencia es cada vez mayor y donde desapareceran una parte importante de los canales de intermediacion tradicionales. En este articulo intentamos demostrar que algunos factores intangibles estan directamente relacionados con las valoraciones de calidad realizadas por los clientes en los servicios prestados por las agencias de viajes y, por tanto, son determinantes en su adaptacion a los nuevos modelos de comercializacion.
Paragenesis and geochornological studies of Asnawa Iron Ore by the isotope and mineral chemistry in Penjween Area, Zagros Suture Zone Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq

The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present study is the re-study of the geology and geochemistry of the Asnawan Iron ore deposit and concluded that the country rocks are consist of hornfels in which the original lamination or banding of the parent rocks (calc-silicate low grade metamorphic rocks) are preserved and inherited from its laminated sedimentary precursors. Moreover, the facies that is associated with host rocks is hornblende-hornfels facies with temperature range of 550-650 oC. This range is confirmed through thermo barometry. There are evidences of localized pyroxene-hornfels and sanidine hornfels facies too. Additionally, the detail of the different stages of the iron ore paragenesis is shown by discussion with the aid of suitable graphical drawing and geochemical variation diagrams. By these methods, the sedimentary stratigraphic unit of the parent rock (protolith) was found for the first time which consists of Qulqula Radiolarian Formation (Kermanshah Radiolarites in Iran). The bedded chert, limestone and calcareous shale is the main lithology of the latter formation and after burial and deformation, it is regionally metamorphosed to banded and lamiated calc-silicate rocks of green facies rocks. At a later stage, these rocks, remetamorphosed (polymetamorphism pattern) again to hornfels with concurrent changing to iron ore by basic iron rich hydrothermal solutions during Eocene (37-40Ma). This age is calculated using Ar39/Ar40 method of dating.
Captagon, Octodrine, and NBOMe: An Integrative Analysis of Trends Databases, the Deep Web, and the Darknet

BACKGROUND: Captagon, Octodrine, and NBOMe are unique substances; each represents a chemical category of its own pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. Captagon is an amphetamine-type stimulant, while octodrine is a sympathomimetic agent, on the other hand, NBOMe is a hallucinogen (psychedelic substance). However, the mechanism of action for each is exerted via monoamine transporters.MATERIALS & METHODS: This study will explore these substances using an integrative approach via the analysis of the surface and deep web, and a trends database. The aims are; to visualise the extent of diffusion of each substance on the internet, conclude the geo-mapping for the diffusion, to see if the patterns are compatible on both divisions of the web, and to infer data on the basis of the power (authority) for e-vendors on the darknet e-marketplace. This study is a hybrid of cross-sectional and retrospective analyses.RESULTS: Google Trends analyses confirmed that the popularity of captagon is ahead over both NBOMe and octodrine; captagon popularity was correlated with terror attacks in the developed world, particularly in western European countries. The contribution of the developing countries to the diffusion of these substances, including the Middle East, was minimal.CONCLUSION: This study proposes a novel method to analyse the e-markets on the darknet via the use of; analysis of the basis of power, inferential statistics, geo-mapping in parallel with data from Google Trends database. Data from Google Trends can serve as a foundation for data mining techniques for an efficient warning system against an anticipated swarm of intoxications or an attack of terror.
Degenerate Vacua of the Universe and What Comes Beyond the Standard Model

We present a new cosmological model of the Universe based on the two discoveries: 1. cosmological constant is very small, and 2. Nature shows a new law in physics called "Multiple Point Principle" (MPP). The MPP predicts the two degenerate vacua of the Universe with VEV $v_1\approx 246$ Gev and $v_2\sim 10^{18}$ GeV, which provide masses of the Higgs boson and top-quark. A new cosmological model assumes the formation of two universal bubbles. The Universe at first stage of its existing is a bubble with a de-Sitter spacetime inside, having black-holes-hedgehogs as topological defects of the vacuum. Such a bubble has a "false vacuum" with VEV $v_2$, which decays very quickly. Cooling Universe has a new phase transition, transforming the "false" vacuum to the "true" (Electroweak) vacuum. Hedgehogs confined, and the universal bubble is transformed into the bubble having spacetime with FLRW-metric and the vacuum with new topological defects of $U(1)_{(el-mag)}$ group: magnetic vortices and Sidharth's pointlike defects. The problem of stability/metastability of the EW-vacuum is investigated. Noncommutativity of the vacua spacetime manifold is discussed. The prediction of a new physics is given by the future observations at LHC of the triplet $SU(2)$ Higgs bosons (at energies $E\sim 10$ TeV), and/or of the new bound states $6t + 6\bar t$ formed by top-antitop quarks (at $E\sim 1$ TeV). The problem "What comes beyond the Standard Model" is discussed at the end of this paper.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization For Improving Passive Sonar Signal Detection

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has been shown to be useful for decomposition of multivariate data. In this paper, NMF will be implemented using the alpha divergence and obtain blind signal separation (BSS). The aim is to improve the signal/interference ratio of a passive sonar system that suffers from mutual interference in adjacent bearings and from the self-noise.
The Effect of Filler on Epoxidised Natural Rubber-Alumina Nanoparticles Composites

Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR)-alumina nanoparticles composites (ENRAN) were produced by melt compounding followed by sulphur curing. Alumina nanoparticles were introduced in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 parts per hundred rubber (phr) in the compounding recipes to study the effect of filler loading to the cure characteristics and mechanical properties. The dispersion of the alumina nanoparticles was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The increase in alumina nanoparticles loading in ENR matrices were found to accelerate the curing process up to 40% compared to unfilled ENRs. The minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH) and torque difference (MH-ML) also increased due to the increasing crosslink density with the presence of alumina nanoparticles. The increase in alumina nanoparticles content in the ENR compound resulted in the decrease of the tensile strength, elongation at break (EB) and the impact strength but increase the hardness and tensile modulus compared to unfilled ENRs. The alumina particles were observed to be uniformly distributed in the matrices which contributed to the enhancement of MH, ML, tensile modulus and hardness of the ENRANs. When present in the matrix, the particles formed spheres of agglomerates thereby able to effect high filler-matrix interaction which also contribute to the increase in torque values.
Violating weak cosmic censorship in AdS$_4$

We consider time-dependent solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations using anti-de Sitter (AdS) boundary conditions, and provide the first counterexample to the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in four spacetime dimensions. Our counterexample is entirely formulated in the Poincar\'e patch of AdS. We claim that our results have important consequences for quantum gravity, most notably to the weak gravity conjecture.
Band-Notched Ultrawide Band Planar Inverted-F Antenna

A novel ultrawide band planar inverted-F antenna with band-notched characteristics is presented in this paper. The planar inverted-F antenna uses two parasitic elements to enhance the bandwidth to cover the ultrawide band. The band-notched feature is added by inserting a W-shaped slot on the top radiating element of the antenna with a band rejection from 5.08 to 6 GHz (measured). Both the measured and simulated results are obtained to draw the conclusions.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF Ninia hudsoni (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE) WITH NEW OCCURRENCE RECORDS

Ninia hudsoni is a small neotropical snake with cryptic habits. Its distribution range is currently based on scattered literature records from Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru. Here we present an updated distribution map of N. hudsoni with two new records from southern Amazon and six unpublished records found in herpetological collections. We also implemented an ecological niche modeling (ENM) to predict climatically suitable areas for the occurrence of N. hudsoni . Both historical records and ENM support that N. hudsoni is restricted to the north, south and west edges of the Amazon. Southern Venezuela and northwestern Colombia seem to be the major gaps that lack occurrence records of N. hudsoni .
Herbivorous insect decreases plant nutrient uptake: the role of soil nutrient availability and association of below‐ground symbionts

1. Plants take nutrients from the rhizosphere via two pathways: (i) by absorbing soil nutrients directly via their roots and (ii) indirectly via symbiotic associations with nutrient‐providing microbes. Herbivorous insects can alter these pathways by herbivory, adding their excrement to the soil, and affecting plant–microbe associations.