Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ichnology and biostratigraphic significance of Cambrian trace fossils from the lowest stratigraphic level of Kunzam La Formation, Chandra Valley, Lahaul and Spiti, India

Abstract Trace fossils are abundant in the Cambrian Kunzam La Formation in the Lahaul and Spiti regions of the Himalaya. All previously known records belong stratigraphically to the upper part of the Cambrian Series 2/Stage 4 to the Miaolingian Series. In the present work, 15 ichnogenera comprising 26 recorded ichnospecies come from the lower part of the Kunzam La Formation exposed in the Chandra Valley, eastern Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. Three trace fossils associations, based on their sequence of appearance, are: (i) the Treptichnus pedum association (trace fossil association–I)-, a low diversity association, containing Planolites beverleyensis, Palaeophycus isp. , and Treptichnus pedum, (ii) the Monomorphichnus association (trace fossil association–II) characterized by a sudden increase in trace fossil diversity and traces of arthropod/trilobite origin comprising Cruziana problematica, Cruziana isp. , Catenichnus contentus,? Diplocraterion isp. , Dimorphichnus obliquus, Dactylophycus isp. , Lockeia siliquaria, Monomorphichnus multilineatus, M. lineatus, Planolites annularis, P. montanus, P. beverleyensis, Palaeophycus imbricatus, P. tubularis, Rusophycus didymus, R. leifeirikssoni, R. dispar, Rusophycus isp. , Saerichnites abruptus, and serially repeated Rusophycus and Cruziana, Treptichnus pollardi and arthropod resting traces, and (iii) the Psammichnites association (trace fossil association–III) characterized by a dominant presence of large burrowing systems of Psammichnites gigas and traces of Diplichnites isp. and Ctenopholeus kutcheri. Considering the same rate of sedimentation for these deposits determined in the >50 km distant Parahio Valley and the stratigraphic position of the Psammichnites gigas assemblage zone in the Himalaya, these trace fossil associations probably fall within Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4, though the sudden increase in diversity and complexities of traces suggest an older age. Stratigraphically, the trace fossils presently described are the oldest yet recorded from the Cambrian of the Lahaul and Spiti regions.
A comparative study of n-channel low temperature poly-Si thin-film transistors with a body terminal or a lightly-doped-drain structure

Hot-carrier (HC) induced degradation is a critical reliability issue of n-channel low temperature poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) in TFT-based circuits. In this work, a kind of four-terminal TFT, which has an additional p+-doped lateral body terminal connecting to the floating channel, is systematically compared to conventional n-channel TFT and lightly-doped-drain (LDD) TFT. We demonstrate that the four-terminal TFT can provide similar advantages to that of the LDD TFT such as kink current suppression and DC HC degradation immunity, much superior immunity to the dynamic HC degradation, but without any tradeoffs in device performance and process complexity of the LDD TFT. It has high performance, as well as excellent reliability under both DC and AC conditions.
Nitrogen Balance in a Sweet Sorghum Crop in a Mediterranean Environment

Sweet sorghum is a C4 plant with great biomass potential yield in semi-arid environments. Under growing conditions affected by water shortage and nutrient deficiency, the optimal combination of irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate is a central issue for sustainable farming systems. In this paper, a N balance study was applied to sweet sorghum cv. Keller, managed under three irrigation levels (I0, I50, I100: 0, 50, and 100% crop evapotranspiration—ETc restoration) and four N-fertilization rates (N0, N60, N120, N180: 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1). The 15N-labelled fertilization technique was used to assess the fate of N fertilizer within the agroecosystem. Dry biomass yield was significantly affected by the irrigation, while N rates had no effect. Across N and irrigation levels, the isotopic composition showed that approximately 34% of N applied by fertilization was used by the crop, 56% remained in the soil at the end of the cropping season, 1.83% was leached as nitrate, and 1.72% was volatilized as ammonia. N-fertilizer uptake was the lowest in I0, while in N0, the soil was strongly N-impoverished since sorghum showed a great aptitude to benefit from the soil N reserve. An even N input/output system (i.e., N-output corresponded to N-input) was observed in the N120 treatment, and the soil N reserve remained unchanged, while the system was N-enriched (positive input/output) in N180. However, although beneficial for crop nutrition and soil N reserve for subsequent crops in rotation, the N180 treatment is unsustainable due to many environmental side effects in the agroecosystem.
Flawless Detection of Herbal Plant Leaf by Machine Learning Classifier Through Two Stage Authentication Procedure

Herbal plants are crucial to human existence for medical reasons, and they can also provide free oxygen to the environment. Many herbal plants are rich in therapeutic goods and also it includes the active elements that will benefit future generations. Many valuable plant species are being extinguished and destroyed as a result of factors such as global warming, population growth, occupational secrecy, a lack of government support for research, and a lack of knowledge about therapeutic plants. Due to the lag of dimensional factors such as length and width, many existing algorithms fail to recognize herbal leaf in all seasons with the maximum accuracy. Henceforth, the proposed algorithm focuses on the incomplete problems in the datasets in order to improve the detection rate for herbal leaf identification. The inclusions of dimension factors in the datasets are performing good results in the image segmentation process. The obtained result has been validated with a machine learning classifier when combined with ex-or gate operation is called deep knowledge-based identification. This two-stage authentication (TSA) procedure is improving the recognition rate required for the detection of herbal leaf. This fusion of image segmentation with machine learning is providing good robustness for the proposed architecture. Besides, intelligent selection of image segmentation techniques to segment the leaf from the image is improving the detection accuracy. This procedure is addressing and answering the drawbacks associated with the detection of the herbal leaf by using many Machine Learning (ML) approaches. Also, it improves the rate of detection and minimizes the classification error. From the results, it is evident that the proposed method has obtained better accuracy and other performance measures.
Exploring the Drivers of Sentinel-2-Derived Crop Phenology: The Joint Role of Climate, Soil, and Land Use

The exploration of crop seasonality across a region offers a way to help understand the phenological spatial patterns of complex landscapes, like agricultural ones. Knowing the role of environmental factors in influencing crop phenology patterns and processes is a key aspect for understanding the impact of climate and land use changes on agricultural landscape dynamics. We identified pixels with similar phenological behavior (i.e., pheno-clusters) and compared them to the land cover map of the study area to assess the role of the land management component in controlling the phenological patterns identified. Results demonstrated that soil texture is the most important factor for permanent crops, while large amount of rainfall and high values of available water content are the main drivers in spring cultivations (i.e., irrigated crops). Scarce water availability (in terms of soil texture, low annual precipitation and high minimum temperature) represented the main driving factor for non-irrigated crops, whose phenology is characterized by summer drought and fall-winter productivity. Compared to vegetation maps that use only land cover from a single season or period, using seasonality of the NDVI time series to classify the agricultural landscape provides different and more ecologically relevant information about croplands.
‘If someone’s freaky, everyone loves it. It’s all about the drama’: young women’s responses and reactions to image based sexual abuse of other young women

ABSTRACT The social construction of gender and sexuality is compounded by neoliberalist, individualistic and competitive notions of choice and empowerment. This study draws on small friendship group interviews with 106 self-selecting young people, aged 12–16, in three schools in Aotearoa New Zealand. Young women live their digital sexual lives in a context characterized by feelings of powerlessness. This sense of powerlessness was somewhat reduced through making connections. Responding to other women’s non-consensually shared images with horizontal hostility is one manifestation. Doing so allowed girls to understand what is sexually permissible, as well as maintaining their friendships through connection. Similar to creating and consensually sharing intimate images as a means of making sexual relationships, this process of othering victims to conserve friendships reproduces existing inequalities.
Influence of a Back-Support Exoskeleton on Physical Demands of Rebar Work

Low back injuries are a major concern in the construction industry. Rebar workers develop lower back injuries as a result of prolonged awkward positions and repetitive motions. Exoskeletons can be an effective intervention for preventing back injuries. However, little is known regarding the potential impacts of their use on physical demands of construction work. This study presents an evaluation of the effects of a commercially available exoskeleton during simulated rebar work. Assessment of the exoskeleton was based on muscle activity and range of motion of the back during placing and tying subtasks of the rebar work. With the exoskeleton, muscle activity reduced in the erector spinae group by 10–30% during placing subtask. Latissimus dorsi muscle group showed a reduced muscle activity of 7-31% during the placing subtask but increased by 1-14% during tying subtasks. The back range of motion reduced by 17.15% during placing subtask and increased by 23.41% during the tying subtask. The reduction in muscle activations and range of motion during placing subtask agrees with the intended design of Laevo. However, the increased muscle activities and range of motion are indicative of increased discomfort and fatigue. These results could be helpful in redesigning exoskeletons to significantly reduce injury risk in construction.
Fault Diagnosis Approach of Main Drive Chain in Wind Turbine Based on Data Fusion

The construction and operation of wind turbines have become an important part of the development of smart cities. However, the fault of the main drive chain often causes the outage of wind turbines, which has a serious impact on the normal operation of wind turbines in smart cities. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the commonly used main drive chain fault diagnosis method that only uses a single data source, a fault feature extraction and fault diagnosis approach based on data source fusion is proposed. By fusing two data sources, the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) real-time monitoring system data and the main drive chain vibration monitoring data, the fault features of the main drive chain are jointly extracted, and an intelligent fault diagnosis model for the main drive chain in wind turbine based on data fusion is established. The diagnosis results of actual cases certify that the fault diagnosis model based on the fusion of two data sources is able to locate faults of the main drive chain in the wind turbine accurately and provide solid technical support for the high-efficient operation and maintenance of wind turbines.
Growth and Nutrient Distribution in Young Plants of Virola Surinamensis Exposed to Cadmium

The contamination of soils and water as a result of human actions has been increasingly frequent in the world, the cadmium element the as a promising contaminant of these environments. This element affects the growth and development of vegetables.The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth and concentration of macro and micronutrients in the different organs young plants of Virola surinamensis exposed to Cd. The Cd significantly affected the growth of V. surinamensis reducing the height, stem diameter and biomass production. The Cd influenced negatively Fe, Mg, Ca, N, P and K, especially in the root. The Zn increased in the roots and leaves, while Mn reduced in the root and increased in the leaves of the plants on exposure to Cd. The increase of Zn and Mn in the leaves may have been a strategy to maintain the stability and protection of the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant. the research concluded that cadmium affects the nutritional relationship of this vegetable, however, we could observe that the influence of metal depends on the species being studied, the time of exposure to the metal and the amount of this metal.
Shaped Parallel-Plate Lens for Mechanical Wide-Angle Beam Steering

This article presents a parallel-plate lens beamformer for continuous wide-angle scanning. The design is based on a compact dual-lens system with extended scanning range and is optimized using a previously developed geometrical optics technique. Beam steering is accomplished with a mechanical feed system based on the noncontact characteristic of groove gap waveguides, offering large bandwidth, low profile, and mechanical ruggedness. The proposed concept is validated by an all-metal prototype of a $20.5\lambda $ lens operating in the uplink Ka-band allocated to satellite communications (27.5–31 GHz). Good agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured performances. The measured return loss is greater than 12 dB over the entire frequency band and beyond. High scanning performances are achieved over an angular range of ±50° (±14 beamwidths), with maximum scan losses in the order of 3 dB and good pattern stability over the entire band. The proposed solution is particularly suited for next-generation satellite terminals requiring compact broadband antennas with continuous beam-steering capability over a large angular range.
Applying competing values framework to Jordanian hotels

ABSTRACT This paper aims at deepening our understanding of organizational values and leadership in 3–5 star rated hotels in Jordan. This would be achieved through using the Competing Values Framework multidimensional instrument, to which 140 individuals responded. Cluster analysis was conducted to categorize responses into distinct groups of clear leadership roles and organizational culture models. The most dominant leadership roles were monitor, innovator, and mentor; also, there was an obvious presence of Open System and Human Relations Models. That was expected since most of respondents were in supervisory and non-managerial levels. Moreover, the absence of the Rational Goal Model indicates that Jordanian hotels should consider motivating staff more through personal achievement, recognition, growth, promotion, and providing opportunities for advancement.
Advancing Concrete Durability Research through X-ray Computed Tomography

Radiation technology such as X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is a powerful tool for materials research. Such non-destructive imaging technology allows us to visualize in three dimensions (3D) the internal structure of materials without damaging the specimen. This paper thus presents our studies on the application of microfocus X-ray CT, synchrotron radiation X-ray CT, and the integrated computed microtomography and X-ray diffraction (CT-XRD) method to advance cement and concrete research. CT images coupled with 3D image analyses allow us to identify and measure the air voids, pore scale microstructure and crack geometry. Image-based computational simulations provide us to estimate transport parameters such as diffusion tortuosity and water permeability in the digitized pore space. With the introduction of novel experimental techniques, deterioration or microstructure changes in hydrated cement systems, for example, attributed to calcium leaching, freeze-thaw cycles, elevated temperature, and steel reinforcement under tension are further elucidated. This review paper then ends with speculation of the future directions of concrete durability research via X-ray CT.
Double‐Layer MnCo2S4@Ni‐Co‐S Core/Shell Nanostructure on Nickel Foam for High‐Performance Supercapacitor

A double‐layer MnCo2S4@Ni‐Co‐S (MCS@NCS) core/shell nanocomposite is successfully deposited on nickel foam using a facile and simple method which includes a hydrothermal treatment and an electrochemical deposition and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. With the introduction of sulfur via a sulfurization process, the MnCo2S4 nanorods have larger specific surface area compared to the MnCo2O4 nanorods and can serve as porous scaffolds for loading a large amount of additional active materials, facilitating electron transport and ion diffusion. The deposited Ni‐Co‐S nanosheet on MnCo2S4 can further increase the electro‐active surface area and electrical conductivity as well as reinforce the mechanical stability of the whole electrode. Combining both structural and electrochemical advantages, the electrode with MCS@NCS heterostructures has high areal capacitance (10.14 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2). An asymmetric supercapacitor with Ni foam‐activated carbon as the negative electrode and Ni foam‐MCS@NCS as the positive electrode is fabricated and shows remarkable high areal capacitance (1.92 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and good cycling stability (72% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles), demonstrating its great potential as an efficient energy storage device for electronic systems.
Benevolent Leadership and Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Leader-member Exchange and Extraversion

The influence of benevolent leaders on their followers’ interaction within their surroundings during work is less addressed by scholars. As such, we proposed a positive relationship between benevolent leadership and person- and task-focused interpersonal citizenship behavior, through the mediation of leader-member exchange and the second-stage moderation of follower extraversion. Results of a sample of 95 participants supported our proposition. Furthermore, this relationship was stronger for followers who were less extravert. The implication for future research and practitioners were discussed.
Test-Retest Reliability of Muscle Strength and Physical Function Tests in 6–9-Year-old Children

ABSTRACT We aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of five muscle strength and physical function tests in healthy children. Forty-one children (6–9 years) were tested three times 4–10 days apart. The test protocol included maximal isometric leg press, hand grip strength, squat jump, long jump, and a 30-sec sit-to-stand test (STST). When comparing test round 1 with 2 and 2 with 3, we found good-to-excellent retest reliability of leg press (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.87 and ICC = 0.94), hand grip (ICC = 0.90 and ICC = 0.94), and long jump (ICC = 0.86 and ICC = 0.87). Initially, there was a moderate reliability of squat jump (ICC = 0.71), which was improved to ICC = 0.82 (round 2–3). Similarly, reliability of STST was improved from low (ICC = 0.63) to moderate reliability (ICC = 0.78). We conclude that leg press, hand grip, squat jump, and long jump tests are reliable measurements of children’s muscle strength and function, even without familiarization. Contrary, STST requires familiarization to ensure adequate reliability.
Computational modeling of graphene-ethyl cellulose printed ink: a reactive molecular dynamic study

Recent work on printed graphene ink has shown the importance of ethyl cellulose (EC) as a stabilizing polymer in ink formulation and a source of decomposed aromatic species that increase the conductivity of the graphene film. In this work, a reactive molecular dynamic simulation is implemented to study the decomposition of EC in the presence of a pristine graphene and a defective graphene sheet. High temperature annealing simulations revealed that the main reaction pathway of EC polymers is through the decomposition of the cellulose unit backbone into linear chain polymers containing carbon-carbon double bonds. The interactions between EC species and graphene sheets are shown to be maintained through van der Waals forces and the decomposed EC polymers were not observed to undergo chemical reactions with graphene basal-plane defect sites. The results in this paper present the first atomistic study in graphene-EC interactions and lead the way to future computational studies to optimize the electronic properties of printable graphene ink.
Examining the Airbnb accommodation experience in Hangzhou through the lens of the Experience Economy Model

Customers choosing Airbnb over a traditional hotel are looking for a different experience. Despite the popularity of Airbnb in China, little research has been devoted to examining customers’ perception and experience with this nascent form of accommodation. Through the lens of the expanded Experience Economy Model, and based on 7606 customer comments for 294 listed Airbnb accommodations in Hangzhou, China, this study explored eight aspects of customer experience—namely, entertainment, education, esthetics, escapism, interaction, home-feeling, tangible-sensorial and localness—regarding Airbnb experiences in China. Findings of this study suggested that although all eight aspects were present, there is in general a lack of entertainment and escapist experience in Airbnb accommodations in Hangzhou, suggesting meaningful directions that Airbnb accommodations need to work on. The study contributes to customer experience literature, particularly to the Experience Economy Model and also has important empirical significance.
Chlorine-terminated Titanium Carbide MXene as Nitrogen Oxide Gas Sensor: A First-Principles Study

A first-principles study was employed to investigate the gas sensing properties of chlorine-terminated titanium carbide (Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf>) MXene. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the adsorption energy (E<inf>ads</inf>), the density of states (DOS), and charge density difference isosurfaces were analyzed to understand the interactions between nitrogen oxide (NO) gas molecule and the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene. A lattice constant of 3.22 Å was obtained for the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene. The Eads for the most favorable configuration of the NO molecule physisorption on the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene was calculated as -0.50 eV. DOS calculations demonstrated that the adsorption of the NO molecule on the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene introduced new states close to the Fermi energy level, which can modulate the electronic properties of the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene, significantly. In addition, the iso-surfaces representation of charge density difference supported the charge transfer from the NO molecule to the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene. The detailed first- principles study of the Ti<inf>2</inf>CCl<inf>2</inf> MXene and its gas sensing properties is analyzed and reported in this paper.