Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment Of Synergies Of The Synchronized Biodiversity Of Wheat And Sugarcane Crops In Faisalabad District

The diversity of macroinvertebrates assemblages in wheat-weeds and sugarcane-weeds agroecosystems were recorded. In addition, phytochemical potential of weeds recorded from both crops were determined to evaluate assessment of synergies of the synchronized biodiversity of wheat and sugarcane crops in Faisalabad district.A total of 72 species of macroinvertebrates (n=4228) were recorded from wheat-weeds agroecosystem. Of these, 58 species inhabited both wheat and weeds while the remaining 14 were recorded only from weeds.Arthropoda (92.41%) and the Mollusca (7.59%) were most recorded macro-invertebrate taxa.Hemiptera (29.09%), Coleoptera (24.77%), Diptera (23.07%), Orthoptera (5.34%) and Pulmonata (8.69%) were the dominant groups of macroinvertebrates in wheat.Diptera (30.92%), Hemiptera (26.49%), Coleoptera (13.53%), Hymenoptera (9.97%) Pulmonata (6.81) and Orthoptera (6.16%) on the other hand, were the most recorded macroinvertebrates on wheat weeds.A higher number of macroinvertebrates (n= 2930) was recorded at the edges in comparison to the centers (n= 1298) of wheat fields.The diversity (H′), richness (S) and evenness (E) indicated a highly significant difference in species composition in most of the habitat combinations.A total of 232 species of macroinvertebrates (n = 5665) were recorded from sugarcaneweeds agroecosystem. Of these, 53 were recorded only from sugarcane while 61 were recorded exclusively from weeds. Arthropods were the most abundant group of macroinvertebrates collected from sugarcane (94.26%) and its associated weeds (98.22%). Hemiptera Coleoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera and Araneae collectively constituted 82% of the macroinvertebrates.A comparison of the diversity (H′) values indicated a highly significant difference in species richness (S) and evenness (E) in all the habitat combinations.The diversity (H′), richness (S) and evenness (E) were higher at the edge than the center of both habitats under consideration. Seeds of fifteen weeds and vegetative parts (roots, stem, and leaves) of seventeen weeds were subjected to analysis to evaluate their phytochemicals.Flavinoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthrequinones and terpenoids were recorded. This baseline study documents that weeds provide phytomorphic heterogeneity for heterogeneity of macroinvertebrates feeding, breeding and over wintering and taking refuge in various niches.They seem help in maintaining a balance between predator-prey population dynamics and in turn, warrant sustainable crop production with least amount of pesticides and fertilizers used. The weeds that are already being used as traditional medicines could have great economic potential to be used as synergizers fortifying the wheat flour quality (as seeds) and green manure as well.
Etude des hémoprotéines senseurs à oxygène bactériens FixL et Dos.

L'adaptation a l'environnement est essentielle pour la survie de tout organisme, des bacteries a l'Homme. Pour s'adapter rapidement aux milieux extremement varies et aux fluctuations environnementales, les procaryotes ont adopte des systemes elabores, capables de detecter et de reagir aux molecules vitales ou toxiques a leur developpement. Outre les facteurs de stress tels que temperature, pH, la cellule doit s'adapter aux variations de concentration de nutriments et de gaz diatomiques. En effet, la modification d'un ou plusieurs parametres de l'environnement declenche une alteration de l'expression des genes, permettant des changements dans la composition proteique et ainsi une adaptation du metabolisme aux nouvelles conditions. Un parametre environnemental particulierement essentiel est le taux d'oxygene. Le passage a la vie limitee en oxygene, ou inversement, a ete particulierement etudie chez les bacteries. Celles-ci disposent de plusieurs chaines de transporteurs d'electrons et utilisent a tout moment celle qui leur est la plus favorable sur le plan energetique. En presence d'oxygene, accepteur d'electrons le plus favorable, les bacteries utilisent la respiration oxygenee, qui se caracterise par la synthese d'enzymes du type cytochrome oxydase, alors qu'en absence d'oxygene ou en condition de basse pression d'oxygene (ou hypoxie), elles mettent en place la respiration par le nitrate, caracterisee par la synthese de quinones respiratoires comme intermediaires (Pelmont J., 1993). Le transporteur final de la voie " nitrate " est la nitrate reductase, enzyme cle inhibee par l'oxygene. La presence d'oxygene diatomique impose donc aux bacteries de profonds changements de leur metabolisme, soit parce qu'elles doivent reajuster leur systeme de production d'energie, soit parce qu'elles doivent lutter contre la toxicite de l'oxygene ; pour cela elles disposent de tout un arsenal enzymatique. La connaissance des processus biochimiques par l'intermediaire desquels ces adaptations sont realisees est essentielle a la comprehension du fonctionnement cellulaire.
Determination of Be ST parameters from uvby-beta photometry and H-alpha equivalent widths.

Une methode de determination des indices photometriques uvby des etoiles de type Be, corriges de l'emission circumstellaire, basee sur les mesures de largeurs equivalentes Hα et la photometrie uvby est presentee. Une estimation des couleurs intrinseques, des parametres astrophysiques fondamentaux et du rougissement interstellaire est realisee pour un echantillon d'etoiles Be, ayant des donnees Hα et uvbyβ, avec cette methode.
Dynamics and controls of methane oxidation in a Danish wetland sediment

The patterns and controls of methane oxidation in a Danish wetland sediment have been determined using a combination of slurry and intact core techniques. Results from slurries indicated that methane oxidation was effectively inhibited by low concentrations of nitrapyrin (9 μM) and acetylene (0.5 μM) but that oxidation was relatively insensitive to pH between 6 and 8; in addition, high concentrations of ammonia (1 mM) decreased oxidation, especially at alkaline pH. Kinetic analyses of methane oxidation in slurries indicated that Vmax was high relative to values reported for other sediments, that Vmax changed seasonally, that Km was consistently low (2–4 μM) and that threshold values were low (3–5 nM) but insufficient to allow consumption of atmospheric methane. Analyses based on intact cores indicated that the extent of methane oxidation was highly dependent on oxygen availability, particularly as affected by benthic photosynthesis or the presence of algal mats. Methane emission and oxidation showed a light saturation response above 400 μEinsteins m−2 s−1. Both core and slurry analyses indicated that even short periods of anoxia resulted in losses of the capacity for methane oxidation after re-exposure to air. On the other hand, the presence of anoxia-insensitive organisms provided for a significant residual post-anoxia activity. Results from addition of nitrapyrin to the surface of intact cores indicated that shifts in methane emissions coincident with short-term changes in the availability of oxygen were the result of changes in methane oxidation, not methanogenesis.
Photosynthetic Responses of Pisum sativum to an Increase in Irradiance During Growth. I. Photosynthetic Activities

The extent and time course of changes in photosynthetic activities of leaves and isolated chloroplasts was followed in pea plants which were adapted to low light (60 µmol photons m-2 s-1, 400-700 nm, 16 h light/ 8 h dark cycles), and subsequently transferred to higher light (390 µmol photons m-2 s-1). The photosynthetic rates of leaves in CO2-saturating conditions, measured at light saturation or subsaturation, increased with no noticeable lag, doubling within 1 week after transfer to high light. In contrast, the increase of in vitro ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity (~ 130%) and photosystem II electron transport capacity (~ 60%) occurred with an apparent lag of - 1 day after transfer to high light. The capacity for uncoupled whole-chain electron transport also increased slowly (~ 70%). Whilst the total chlorophyll (Chl) per unit leaf area remained steady, the Chl a/Chl b ratio increased with no apparent lag phase from 2.7 in low irradiance to 3.2 in high irradiance within 1 week. The results demonstrate that, following an increase of growth irradiance, pea leaves readily increase the capacity for utilising high light effectively, even when the total chlorophyll per unit leaf area remained constant. However, a better understanding of the time course of response requires measurements of other chloroplast parameters.
Seasonal diving behaviour and feeding rhythms of green turtles at Mayotte Island

In long-distance migratory marine species foraging behaviour remains particularly difficult to study even though it has important consequences for individual life history. Indeed, studies assessing concurrent dive patterns and feeding behaviour remain rare. We investigated the daily and seasonal feeding rhythms of green turtles Chelonia mydas on a coastal seagrass meadow at Mayotte, in the South Western Indian Ocean. Between 2005 and 2008, the behaviour of 19 green turtles (body mass: 86.8 to 134.0 kg) was recorded using electronic time-temperature-depth recorders, concurrently validated by direct in-water observations. Additionally, fast- acquisition global positioning system units were deployed on 3 of these turtles. Green turtles showed a high fi- delity to the foraging site and conducted predominately flat-bottom dives, in accordance with both local bathymetry and tidal regime. On a daily basis, 2 main dive categories were identified: short- shallow foraging dives (mean ± SE: 6.0 ± 0.0 min for 2.0 ± 0.0 m) occurred during the day on the seagrass meadow, and long-deep resting dives (50.9 ± 19.0 min for 10.3 ± 1.4 m) occurred at night in coral and rocky areas. On a seasonal basis, mean dive duration increased from summer to winter (from 9.5 ± 0.5 to 15.7 ± 1.1 min) and was negatively correlated with seasonal water temperature (range: 25.7°C in winter to 29.3°C in summer). However, the daily foraging duration (~11 h d -1 ) did not vary significantly with season. Investigating green turtle foraging patterns is crucial for an un- derstanding of their contribution to coastal ecosystem functioning.
Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 using CRISPR-Cas13a and a mobile phone

The December 2019 outbreak of a novel respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2, has become an ongoing global pandemic due in part to the challenge of identifying symptomatic, asymptomatic and pre- symptomatic carriers of the virus. CRISPR-based diagnostics that utilize RNA and DNA-targeting enzymes can augment gold-standard PCR-based testing if they can be made rapid, portable and accurate. Here we report the development of an amplification-free CRISPR-Cas13a-based mobile phone assay for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasal swab RNA extracts. The assay achieved ~100 copies/L sensitivity in under 30 minutes and accurately detected a set of positive clinical samples in under 5 minutes. We combined crRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA to improve sensitivity and specificity, and we directly quantified viral load using enzyme kinetics. Combined with mobile phone-based quantification, this assay can provide rapid, low-cost, point-of-care screening to aid in the control of SARS-CoV-2.
Alzheimer's disease variant portal (ADVP): a catalog of genetic findings for Alzheimer's disease

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic findings span progressively larger genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for various outcomes and populations. These genetic findings are obtained from a single GWAS, joint- or meta- analyses of multiple GWAS datasets. However, no single resource provides harmonized and searchable information on all AD genetic associations obtained from these analyses, nor linking the identified genetic variants and reported genes with other supporting functional genomic evidence. Methods: We created the Alzheimer's Disease Variant Portal (ADVP), which provides unified access to a uniquely extensive collection of high-quality GWAS association results for AD. Records in ADVP are curated from the genome-wide significant and suggestive loci reported in AD genetics literature. ADVP contains curated results from all AD GWAS publications by Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) since 2009 and AD GWAS publications identified from other public catalogs (GWAS catalog). Genetic association information was systematically extracted from these publications, harmonized, and organized into three types of tables. These tables included structured publication, variant, and association categories to ensure consistent representation of all AD genetic findings. All extracted AD genetic associations were further annotated and integrated with NIAGADS Genomics DB in order to provide extensive biological and functional genomics annotations. Results: Currently, ADVP contains 6,990 AD-association records curated from >200 AD GWAS publications corresponding to >900 unique genomic loci and >1,800 unique genetic variants. The ADVP collection contains genetic findings from >80 cohorts and across various populations, including Caucasians, Hispanics, African-Americans, and Asians. Of all the association records, 46% are disease-risk, 13% are related to expression quantitative trait analyses, and 27% are related to AD endophenotypes and neuropathology. ADVP web interface allows accessing AD association records by individual variants, genes, publications, genomic regions of interest, and genome-wide interactive variant views. ADVP is integrated with the NIAGADS Alzheimer's Genomics Database. Researchers can explore additional biological annotations at the genetic variant or gene level and view cross-reference functional genomics evidence provided by other public resources. Conclusions: ADVP is the largest, most up-to-date, and comprehensive literature-derived collection of AD genetic associations. All records have been systematically curated, harmonized, and comprehensively annotated. ADVP is freely accessible at https://advp.niagads. org/.
Inhibition of SHP2 ameliorates psoriasis by decreasing TLR7 endosome localization

Psoriasis is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease with unclear molecular mechanisms. Here, we identify Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) as a novel accelerator of psoriasis development. Both genetic ablation of SHP2 in macrophages and pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 prevents the development of psoriasis-like skin inflammation in an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasis. Mechanistically, SHP2 promotes the trafficking of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) from Golgi to endosome through its interaction with and dephosphorylation of TLR7 at Tyr1024, which promotes the ubiquitination of TLR7 and psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Importantly, SHP2 allosteric inhibitor SHP099 reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human patients with psoriasis. Collectively, our findings identify SHP2 as a novel regulator of psoriasis and suggest that SHP2 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for psoriatic patients.
Vagus Nerve and Stomach Synucleinopathy in Parkinson Disease, Incidental Lewy Body Disease and Normal Elderly Subjects: Evidence Against the Body-First Hypothesis

Braak and others have proposed that Lewy-type alpha-synucleinopathy (aSyn) in Parkinson disease (PD) may arise from an exogenous pathogen that passes across the gastric mucosa and then is retrogradely transported up the vagus nerve to the medulla. We tested this body-first hypothesis by immunohistochemically staining stomach and vagus nerve tissue from an autopsy series of 111 normal elderly subjects (no brain aSyn), 33 with incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) (brain aSyn without clinical parkinsonism or dementia) and 53 with PD. Median disease duration for the PD group was 13 years. Vagus nerve samples were taken adjacent to the carotid artery in the neck. Stomach samples were taken from the gastric body, midway along the greater curvature. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained for alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine-129. In the vagus nerve none of the 111 normal subjects had aSyn in the vagus, while 12/26 ILBD (46%) and 32/36 PD (89%) subjects were aSyn-positive. In the stomach none of the 102 normal subjects had aSyn while 5/30 (17%) ILBD and 42/52 (81%) of PD subjects were aSyn-positive. As there was no aSyn in the vagus nerve or stomach of subjects without brain aSyn, these results support initiation of aSyn in the brain. The presence of aSyn in the vagus nerve and stomach of a subset of ILBD cases indicates that progression of synucleinopathy to the peripheral nervous system may occur at preclinical stages of Lewy body disease.
Impact of visual impairment on balance and visual processing functions in students with special educational needs

Abstract Introduction Vision is a critical factor for children's development. However, prevalence of visual impairment (VI) is high in students with special educational needs (SEN). Other than vision disability, this group of students is prone to having functional deficits. It is unclear whether visual problems relate to these compromised functional deficits. This study aimed to assess the impact of vision on visual processing functions and balance performance in SEN students through a community service in special schools. Methods A total of 104 (age 14.3 {+/-} 4.3 years, 43 girls) SEN students in Taiwan were assessed, who were classified as having normal vision (NV) or vision impairment (VI). Visual acuity (distance and near) and contrast sensitivity (CS) were measured as the visual outcomes. Visual processing function assessment included orientation recognition (mailbox game, MB) and facial expression recognition [Heidi expression test, in terms of card matching] (HC), and examiner's facial expression matching (HF)]. Dynamic balance was assessed with Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, while static standing balance was assessed using a force plate to measure the postural sway in double-legged feet-together and tandem stance with eyes open and closed conditions. Static balance was presented in terms of the change in the centre of pressure in maximal medial-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) sways, sway variability (V), and sway path length (L). Results Although visual acuity was significantly worse in VI than NV (p < 0.001), CS was similar in the two groups (p = 0.08). MB, HC, and HF also did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). NV performed better in the TUG than VI (p = 0.03). There was a significant interaction between eye condition and the vision group (p < 0.05) for static balance. Pairwise comparisons showed that NV swayed significantly less in ML than VI under tandem stance-open eye condition (p = 0.04), but significantly more in closed eye condition (p = 0.03). Conversely, VI had less V and shorter L than NV under tandem stance-close eye condition (p = 0.03). Conclusion This study is the first to our knowledge to examine the effect of vision on visual processing functions and balance performance in SEN students. Vision did not appear to be the major reason for impairment in visual processing. However, vision plays an important role in maintaining dynamic and static balance in SEN students.
Towards Improved Model Design for Authorship Identification: A Survey on Writing Style Understanding

Authorship identification tasks, which rely heavily on linguistic styles, have always been an important part of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) research. While other tasks based on linguistic style understanding benefit from deep learning methods, these methods have not behaved as well as traditional machine learning methods in many authorship-based tasks. With these tasks becoming more and more challenging, however, traditional machine learning methods based on handcrafted feature sets are already approaching their performance limits. Thus, in order to inspire future applications of deep learning methods in authorship-based tasks in ways that benefit the extraction of stylistic features, we survey authorship-based tasks and other tasks related to writing style understanding. We first describe our survey results on the current state of research in both sets of tasks and summarize existing achievements and problems in authorship-related tasks. We then describe outstanding methods in style-related tasks in general and analyze how they are used in combination in the top-performing models. We are optimistic about the applicability of these models to authorship-based tasks and hope our survey will help advance research in this field.
Task Matters When Scanning Data Visualizations

One of the major challenges for evaluating the effectiveness of data visualizations and visual analytics tools arises from the fact that different users may be using these tools for different tasks. In this paper, we present a simple example of how different tasks lead to different patterns of attention to the same underlying data visualizations. We argue that the general approach used in this experiment could be applied systematically to task and feature taxonomies that have been developed by visualization researchers. Using eye tracking to study the impact of common tasks on how humans attend to common types of visualizations will support a deeper understanding of visualization cognition and the development of more robust methods for evaluating the effectiveness of visualizations.
Explainable Natural Language Reasoning via Conceptual Unification

This paper presents an abductive framework for multi-hop and interpretable textual inference. The reasoning process is guided by the notions unification power and plausibility of an explanation, computed through the interaction of two major architectural components: (a) An analogical reasoning model that ranks explanatory facts by leveraging unification patterns in a corpus of explanations; (b) An abductive reasoning model that performs a search for the best explanation, which is realised via conceptual abstraction and subsequent unification. We demonstrate that the Step-wise Conceptual Unification can be effective for unsupervised question answering, and as an explanation extractor in combination with state-of-the-art Transformers. An empirical evaluation on the Worldtree corpus and the ARC Challenge resulted in the following conclusions: (1) The question answering model outperforms competitive neural and multi-hop baselines without requiring any explicit training on answer prediction; (2) When used as an explanation extractor, the proposed model significantly improves the performance of Transformers, leading to state-of-the-art results on the Worldtree corpus; (3) Analogical and abductive reasoning are highly complementary for achieving sound explanatory inference, a feature that demonstrates the impact of the unification patterns on performance and interpretability.
Development of Word Embeddings for Uzbek Language

In this paper, we share the process of developing word embeddings for the Cyrillic variant of the Uzbek language. The result of our work is the first publicly available set of word vectors trained on the word2vec, GloVe, and fastText algorithms using a high-quality web crawl corpus developed in-house. The developed word embeddings can be used in many natural language processing downstream tasks.