Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic assessment of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2) with magnetic resonance imaging

The brain is almost entirely dependent on oxidative metabolism to meet its energy requirements. As such, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is a direct measure of brain energy use. CMRO2 provides insight into brain functional architecture and has demonstrated potential as a clinical tool for assessing many common neurological disorders. Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based CMRO2 quantification have shown promise in spatially resolving CMRO2 in clinically feasible scan times. However, brain energy requirements are both spatially heterogeneous and temporally dynamic, responding to rapid changes in oxygen supply and demand in response to physiologic stimuli and neuronal activation. Methods for dynamic quantification of CMRO2 are lacking, and this dissertation aims to address this gap. Given the fundamental tradeoff between spatial and temporal resolution in MRI, we focus initially on the latter. Central to each proposed method is a model-based approach for deriving venous oxygen saturation (Yv) – the critical parameter for CMRO2 quantification – from MRI signal phase using susceptometry-based oximetry (SBO). First, a three-second-temporal-resolution technique for whole-brain quantification of Yv and CMRO2 is presented. This OxFlow method is applied to measure a small but highly significant increase in CMRO2 in response to volitional apnea. Next, OxFlow is combined with a competing approach for Yv quantification based on blood T2 relaxometry (TRUST). The resulting interleaved-TRUST (iTRUST) pulse sequence greatly improves T2-based CMRO2 quantification, while allowing direct, simultaneous comparison of SBOand T2-based Yv. iTRUST is applied to assess the CMRO2 response to hypercapnia – a topic of great interest in functional neuroimaging – demonstrating significant biases between SBOand T2-derived Yv and CMRO2. To address the need for dynamic and spatially resolved CMRO2 quantification, we explore blood-oxygenlevel-dependent (BOLD) calibration, introducing a new calibration model and hybrid pulse sequence combining OxFlow with standard BOLD/CBF measurement. Preliminary results suggest Ox-BOLD provides improved calibration “M-maps” for converting BOLD signal to CMRO2. Finally, OxFlow is applied clinically to patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A small clinical pilot study demonstrates OSA-associated reductions in CMRO2 at baseline and in response to apnea, highlighting the potential utility of dynamic CMRO2 quantification in assessing neuropathology. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/1980 Graduate Group Bioengineering First Advisor Felix W. Wehrli
Adaptive fuzzy output-feedback fault-tolerant tracking control of a class of uncertain nonlinear switched systems

ABSTRACT This paper considers the output-feedback fault-tolerant tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear switched systems with nonlinear faults and strict-feedback form, where the faults which are nonaffine occur on the actuator. As a kind of specialised function approximating tool, fuzzy logic systems (FLSs), are employed to approximate the unknown smooth nonlinear functions. A switched fuzzy observer is designed to address the problem of unmeasurable states, filtered signals are used to address algebraic loop problem and the average dwell time (ADT) method is further utilised to prove the stability of the resulting closed-loop systems under a type of slowly switching signals. Based on the backstepping recursive design technique and Lyapunov function method, an adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control scheme is developed. The developed control method can ensure all the signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and the system output tracks the reference signal tightly even if unknown fault occurs. A simulation carried on an example demonstrates the validity of the obtained control scheme.
Pharmacokinetics and conjugative metabolism of labetalol stereoisomers in pregnant sheep : a chiral drug case study in pregnancy

A chiral HPLC assay for the separation of the four stereoisomers of labetalol in biological fluids was developed. The limit of detection of the individual isomers was 0.15 ng (0.6 ng of injected racemic labetalol). In maternal plasma the concentration of the RR isomer was 25±12% higher than those of the SR, SS and RS isomers throughout the infusion and post infusion period. The RR isomer had the lowest steady-state clearance (50.93±4.64 mL/min/kg) and the longest half-life (5.60±0.86 h). Ofthe 280 mg of labetalol administered, 11.04±2.76 mg was excreted as unconjugated while 65.84±7.19 mg was excreted as glucuronide conjugate. Approximately 32% of the unconjugated labetalol was in the form of the RR isomer compared to 19% for the other isomers. In fetal plasma, the concentration of the RR isomer (24 ± 5 ng/mL at steady-state) was 50% higher than that ofthe SR (11.00±2.38 ng/mL), SS(13.02±3.04 ng/mL) and RS(12.05±2.85 ng/mL) isomers throughout the infusion and post-infusion period, while the concentration of the SR isomer was consistently lower over the same interval. The terminal elimination half-life (t) /2) and the mean residence time (MRT) ofthe RR isomer were 13.07 ± 4.02 h, and 17.19 ± 5.63 h, respectively. Labetalol fetal infusion studies were performed in four chronically instrumented pregnant ewes. In fetal plasma, the concentration of the RR isomer at steady-state was 51.22 ± 4.55 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than the other three isomers ([SR]30.33 ± 3.41 ng/mL, [SS]= 33.70 ± 3.22 ng/mL, [RS]=34.93 ± 2.75). The terminal elimination half-life (ti/2) of the RR isomer was 8.62 ± 2.85 li, which was significantly lower than that obtained following maternal infusion of labetalol. Ofthe 9,400 ug of labetalol administered, 73.79 ± 9.64 mg (0.80 + 0.10%) was excreted as unconjugated while 133.44 ± 25.20 mg (1.4%) was excreted as glucuronide. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and conjugative metabolism of dilevalol were compared to those obtained previously for dilevalol from racemic labetalol infusion experiments . The results suggest that virtually all of the previously observed pharmacological effects of labetalol in non-pregnant sheep were elicited by dilevalol.
Multiplicative ergodic theorem for discontinuous random dynamical systems

Motivated by studying stochastic systems with non-Gaussian Levy noise, spectral properties for linear discontinuous cocycles are considered. These linear cocycles have countable jump discontinuities in time. A multiplicative ergodic theorem is proved for such linear cocycles. Then, the result is illustrated for a linear stochastic system with general Levy motions. Finally, Lyapunov exponents are considered for linear stochastic differential equations with $\alpha$-stable Levy motions.
Transition from decelerating to accelerating universe with quadratic equation of state in f(R,T) gravity

ABSTRACT In this paper, we have constructed a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological model in gravity. The solution of Friedmann equations has been obtained assuming the quadratic equation of state , where and are parameters. The model describes an accelerating universe with positive energy density, negative pressure and negative cosmological constant. The behaviour of the deceleration parameter shows that the universe accelerates after an epoch of deceleration in a good agreement with recent observations. The non-conventional scenario for an accelerating universe with negative cosmological constant has been discussed.
Online and robust resource allocation for D2D communications assisted by Green relays

Device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular networks allow proximity users to communicate directly without going through the base station. Concentrating on scenarios where the direct communication between potential D2D users may not be reliable due to poor proximity and link condition, and paying attention to energy harvesting wireless communications, this study focuses on the green relay-assisted D2D communications, where long-term evolution-advanced layer-3 relays powered by renewable energy are employed. To achieve the trade-off between system capacity maximisation and user fairness, the authors formulate an offline resource block (RB) and power allocation problem under imperfect channel information with the objective of maximising the weighted sum-rate of all users. Then, based on battery dynamics, the original problem is reformulated as an online one with energy outage avoidance. To obtain distributed solutions, the online problem is further transformed into a convex one, and the rate outage-probability requirement is also converted for tractability. Finally, applying Lagrangian duality, the distributed RB and power allocation is derived, which is globally optimal to the reformulated online problem. Comparing with a baseline scheme where all users communicate directly without assistance of relays, numerical results show the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of the average achievable data rate.
Quantum techniques for classical black holes

Modern theoretical physics has benefited from a rapid growth in mathematical technology. In particular, technology developed in one field can be quickly adapted for use in another. Two key techniques developed for simplifying calculations of Feynman diagrams are spinor-helicity and the double copy. This thesis will discuss how they can be applied to general relativity. Spinor-helicity is used in particle physics to simplify expressions. In D > 4 this is done by observing that the residual symmetry of the little group is non-trivial. We adapt this technology to classify higher-dimensional spacetimes in the style of the D = 4 Petrov classification. Focusing on D = 5, our scheme naturally reproduces the full structure previously seen in both the CMPP and de Smet classifications, and resolves long-standing questions concerning their relationship. We review the exact classical double copy introduced for stationary Kerr-Schild spacetimes. We consider a time-dependent generalisation: the accelerating, radiating point particle. This Kerr-Schild solution has a non-trivial stressenergy tensor which we interpret as the radiative part of the field and find the corresponding single copy. Using Bremsstrahlung as an example, we determine a scattering amplitude describing the radiation which is consistent with the quantum double copy. This indicates a profound connection between exact classical solutions and the double copy. The double copy relates YM and gravity amplitudes through the observation that numerators of Feynman diagrams can be made to obey a Jacobi relation mirroring the colour charges. This additional structure can be adapted for use in classical perturbative calculations. The double copy maps to N = 0 supergravity requiring careful treatment of the dilaton. Using the Janis-Newman-Winicour family of naked singularities as an example we demonstrate how to construct spacetime metrics through a systematic perturbative expansion.
Parameterization and Surface Data Improvements and New Capabilities for the Community Land Model Urban (CLMU)

The Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) is an urban parameterization developed to simulate urban climate within a global Earth System Model framework. This paper describes and evaluates parameterization and surface data improvements, and new capabilities that have been implemented since the initial release of CLMU in 2010 as part of version 4 of the Community Land Model (CLM4) and the Community Earth System Model (CESM®). These include: 1) an expansion of model capability to simulate multiple urban density classes within each model grid cell; 2) a more sophisticated and realistic building space heating and air conditioning submodel; 3) a revised global dataset of urban morphological, radiative, and thermal properties utilized by the model, including a tool that allows for generating future urban development scenarios, and 4) the inclusion of a module to simulate various heat stress indices. The model and data are evaluated using observed data from five urban flux tower sites and a global anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) dataset. Generally, the new version of the model simulates urban radiative and turbulent fluxes, surface temperatures, and AHF as well or better than the previous version. Significant improvements in the global and regional simulation of AHF are also demonstrated that are primarily due to the new building energy model. The new model is available as part of the public release of CLM5 and CESM2.0.
Creating the Movement‐Access Continuum in Home Environments for Dementia Care

Since the majority of people with Alzheimer's disease receive some care at home, the environment of that home must be safe and supportive. In-depth interviews of 90 “seasoned” caregivers identified tactics for creating these settings through home modifications and technology. A successful modification strategy follows a three-stage movement-access continuum that responds to the disease course—assistance, restriction with compensation, and wheelchair accessibility. Approaching home modifications along this continuum encourages independence and movement when appropriate while providing safety and control. With a sensitive and ongoing modification strategy, the home environment can become an asset rather than a liability for caregiving.
Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 thermophotovoltaic cells for low temperature infrared radiation

The thermophotovoltaic cells which convert the low temperature (below 500 K) infrared radiation into electricity are of significance due to their potential applications in many fields. In this work, narrow bandgap Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 thin film thermophotovoltaic cells were fabricated, and the formation mechanism of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 p-n heterojunctions was investigated. At room temperature, the heterojunctions are formed through the diffusion of electrons and holes along the same direction from n-type Bi2Te3 thin films to p-type Sb2Te3 thin films rather than conventional bi-directional diffusion. Because the strong intrinsic excitation generates a large number of intrinsic carriers which weaken the built-in electric field of the heterojunctions, their I-V curves become similar to straight lines. It is also demonstrated that Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 thermophotovoltaic cells can output electrical power under the infrared radiation from a low temperature heat source. Although the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the cells are low, this work provides a possible way to utilize the low temperature radiation.
Developments in Transcatheter Heart Valves for Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis

Sapien frame valve delivery catheter shaft. valve descending significantly delivery requiring for the and 19Fr for the valve. sheath coating can with felt diameter of ~2Fr. the issue of vascular access currently working on the next-generation CoreValve prosthesis, which is promised to require only 16Fr introducer sheaths. Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a viable treatment option for elderly patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who are highly likely to require conventional surgery. Current developments in TAVI essentially focus on three issues: miniaturisation of catheter devices and sheaths for facilitated transfemoral vascular access; development of retrievable and repositionable valve systems; and the prevention of peri-procedural embolic stroke. This article will provide a review of current developments in the field of TAVI.
The Properties of Neutron Halo Structure for 17B and 22N nuclei

The radial wave functions of the Harmonic Oscillator and Woods-Saxon potentials within the three-body [two-body] model of have been used to study some of the basic structural features such as the ground state proton, neutron and matter densities, the associated root mean square (rms) radii and elastic form factors of neutron-rich 17B [22N] halo nucleus. The long tail manner is clearly shown in the results obtained of neutron and matter densities of these nuclei. According to the calculated results it is found that this model provides a good description on the nuclear structure of above exotic nuclei. The reaction cross sections for these nuclei have been studied using the Glauber model with an optical limit approximation at high energy region.
Mineração de padrões de correlação estrutural em grandes grafos

Grafos tem se estabelecido como um poderoso arcabouco teorico para a modelagem de interacoes em cenarios variados. Enquanto a disponibilidade de dados em larga escala motivou o desenvolvimento de tal arcabouco, o enriquecimento desses dados guia a pesquisa em grafos na direcao de novos metodos capazes de explorar essa riqueza de forma util. Uma representacao estendida interessante de grafos e a de grafos com atributos nos vertices. Atributos de vertices desempenham um papel importante em diversos grafos reais. Alem disso, sabe-se que, em muitos desses grafos, vertices se organizam naturalmente como subgrafos densos. Tais subgrafos possuem signficado relevante em diversos grafos reais, sendo denominados comunidades em redes sociais e identificando complexos proteicos em redes de proteinas, dentre outras aplicacoes.Neste trabalho, estudamos a correlacao entre conjuntos de atributos e a formacao de subgrafos densos, o que denominamos mineracao de padroes de correlacao estrutural. A correlacao estrutural mede como umconjunto de atributos induz subgrafos denss em grafos com atributos. Um padrao de correlacao estrutural e um subgrafo denso induzido por um conjunto de atributos em particular. Modelamos padroes de correlacao estrutural em termos de padroes de mineracao de dados existentes. Com base em tal modelagem, propomos tecnicas de normalizacao que avaliam o quanto a correlacao estrutural de um conjunto de atributos desvia do esperado. Alem disso, propomos algoritmos eficientes e escalaveis para a mineracao de padroes de correlacao estrutural. Nos mostramos que a mineracao de padroes de correlacao estrutural e capaz de prover conhecimento relevante sobre a relacao entre conjuntos de atributos e subgrafos densos em grafos reais. Em particular, aplicamos os algoritmos propostos na correlacao entre palavras-chave associadas a pesquisadores e a formacao de grupos de pesquisa em redes de colaboracao, no estudo de comunidades induzidas pelo gosto musical em uma rede social, na analise de como grupos conectados de artigos emergem em torno de topicos de pesquisa em uma rede de citacao, e na avaliacao da relacao entre expressao e funcionalidade em uma rede de interacao proteica. Tambem avaliamos o desempenho de tais algoritmos, verificando que eles possibilitam a analise de grandes bases de dados.
Time-domain calculation method for structural fatigue life under multi-axis correlation random excitation

Based on the typical aerospace frame structure, the fatigue life law of the structure under multi-axis correlation time-domain random excitation is studied. By constructing multi-axis time-domain random excitation with different correlation coefficients, multi-axial fatigue theory and structural vibration fatigue life time-domain method are used to calculate the fatigue life of the structure under different excitations; by constructing the structural finite element model in MSC. Pastran and nCode-DesignLife, and Co-simulation calculates the structural fatigue life. The results show that there is a negative correlation between the correlation coefficient of the applied multi-axis time-domain random excitation and the structural fatigue life, that is, the larger the correlation coefficient, the shorter the fatigue life.
Dual‐band switched‐beam antenna array for MIMO systems

This work reports the development of a dual-band switched-beam antenna array for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fifth-generation systems, operating in millimetre waves. The proposed antenna array consists of applying four slotted-waveguide antenna arrays (SWAAs), rotated by $ 30^\circ $30°, as the final array element. The SWAA elements were designed to simultaneously operate in the 28 and 38 GHz bands, by using two groups of slots with different electrical lengths on the opposite faces of the waveguide. The measured array fractional bandwidth was ~25.6 and 10% at 28 and 38 GHz, respectively. Its applicability for MIMO systems was evaluated as a function of mutual coupling, active reflection coefficient, total active reflection coefficient and envelope correlation coefficient. Experimental results demonstrate low mutual coupling as low as -36 dB within the 28 and 38 GHz frequency bands.
Clinical Observation on the Combination of XiaoDing Ointment and Small Splint Fixation in Neutral Position for the Treatment of Colles Fracture after Manual Reduction

Objective: To study the clinical effect of Xiao Ding ointment combining the manual reduction and small splint fixation in neutral position on the cure of Colles fracture. Methods: Totally 220 Colles fracture patients selected standardly were randomized into the treatment group and the control group,every group 110 parients. All of them were reduced early and fixed with small splints in the neutral position, while patients in the treatment group were pasted Xiao Ding ointment on the wound. The excellent and good rates, pain severity, swelling indexes as well as X-ray-callus scores were compared in the two groups by integral method. Results: The excellent and good rates of patients in the treatment group were better than that in the control group; the differences of pain and swelling scores by VAS and callus scores by X ray in the treatment group were more significant, compared to the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: Xiao Ding ointment can effectively ease the early pain and swelling because of Colles fracture and promote the healing of the bone.
Wideband Low-Profile Dielectric Patch Antenna and Array With Anisotropic Property

A dielectric patch (DP) resonator (DPR) with silver-coated slots is investigated for designing wideband low-profile antenna in this communication. The low-profile DPR can be treated as an anisotropic dielectric resonator (DR) for analysis. A new equation for calculating the effective dielectric constant of the DPR operating at the TM modes is proposed. Based on this, the anisotropic property is investigated to enhance the gain of DP antenna (DPA). It is found from the theoretical analysis that the resultant antenna is a good compromise between the traditional microstrip patch antenna (MPA) and dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) in terms of profile, gain, efficiency, and design freedom. By making full use of the multimode characteristic of the DPR, the silver-coated slots are introduced on the DP to shift high-order TM121 mode close to TM101 mode. As a result, the bandwidth of the antenna can be significantly expanded. For demonstration, the DPA element and $1\times4$ array prototype operating in the microwave band (5 GHz) are implemented and measured.