Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Optimization of a Flux-Modulated Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Rim-Driven Machine With Combined Stator to Improve Torque Density

In order to improve the torque density of traditional permanent magnet rim propulsion machine, a flux modulated fault-tolerant permanent magnet rim driven machine (FMFTPM-RDM) with combined stator is proposed, designed, and optimized in this paper. The combined stator originates from the open-slot stator and split-teeth stator. The key is adopting the combined stator with non-uniformly distributed flux modulation poles (FMPs) to yield multi-working harmonics and contribute to torque improvement. The expressions of back EMF and self-inductance of the proposed machine are derived by analytical method, and their effectiveness is proved by finite element analysis (FEA). Besides, leading geometric sizes influences on performances of the proposed machine are conducted. For obtaining the optimal geometric sizes quickly and accurately, response surface method (RSM) coupled with multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is adopted to optimize this machine. Afterward, comparative analysis of the proposed machine with traditional one is performed by FEA. It is concluded that the proposed FMFTPM-RDM has better performances such as higher torque density, lower torque ripple, and stronger fault-tolerant capability. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and the test results verify the proposed combined stator design.
Size dependent thermoelectric properties of silicon nanowires

By using first-principles tight-binding electronic structure calculation and Boltzmann transport equation, we investigate the size dependence of thermoelectric properties of silicon nanowires (SiNWs). With cross section area increasing, the electrical conductivity increases slowly, while the Seebeck coefficient reduces remarkably. This leads to a quick reduction of cooling power factor with diameter. Moreover, the figure of merit also decreases with transverse size. Our results demonstrate that in thermoelectric application, NW with small diameter is preferred. We also predict that isotopic doping can increase the value of ZT significantly. With 50% S29i doping (S28i0.5 S29i0.5 NW), the ZT can be increased by 31%.
Single Shot Phase Shift 3D Scanning with Convolutional Neural Network and Synthetic Fractals

The phase shift algorithm is an important 3D shape reconstruction method in industrial quality inspection and reverse engineering. To retrieve dense and accurate point clouds, the conventional phase shift methods require at least three fringe projection patterns, limiting its application to statics or semi-statics scenes only. In this paper, we propose a novel and low-cost single-shot phase shift 3D reconstruction framework using convolution neural networks (CNN) trained on 3D synthetic fractals. We first design and optimize a novel projection pattern that compresses the phase period orders and the ambiguous phase information into a single image. Then, we train two different CNNs to predict the ambiguous phase information and the period orders separately. The CNNs were trained on randomly generated 3D shapes whose geometric complexity is modeled by recursive shape generation algorithms which can create an unlimited amount of random 3D shapes on the fly. Initial results demonstrate that our method can produce high-quality point clouds from just a pair of 2D images, thus improving the temporal resolution of a phase-shift 3D scanner to the highest possible. As we also include different real-world lighting and textural conditions in the training data set, experiments also demonstrate that our CNN models which were trained on random synthetic fractals only can perform equally well in the real world.
Constrainings factors on the family of resultative constructions

Drawing on the assumptions made in Construction Grammar(s), the present proposal addresses the debate between formulating broad-scale generalizations of the type postulated by Goldberg (1995) or finer-grained analyses, heavily based on lexical-class identification, as those put forward by Boas (2010, 2011), who claims that Goldberg’s account leads to the over-generation of ungrammatical examples. The position taken here is that, although Goldberg’s theory has largely overlooked the role of verb meaning(s), generalizations in the form of constraints are still necessary to build a fully principled account of lexical-constructional fusion. Taking the family of resultative constructions as a case study, I employ the analytical tools (i.e. the apparatus of so-called internal and external constraints on constructional integration) developed by the Lexical Constructional Model in order to show that a fine-nuanced description can go hand in hand with the postulation of macro-generalizations.
LARGE-SCALE CO MAPS OF THE LUPUS MOLECULAR CLOUD COMPLEX

Fully sampled degree-scale maps of the 13CO 2–1 and CO 4–3 transitions toward three members of the Lupus Molecular Cloud Complex—Lupus I, III, and IV—trace the column density and temperature of the molecular gas. Comparison with IR extinction maps from the c2d project requires most of the gas to have a temperature of 8–10 K. Estimates of the cloud mass from 13CO emission are roughly consistent with most previous estimates, while the line widths are higher, around 2 km s−1. CO 4–3 emission is found throughout Lupus I, indicating widespread dense gas, and toward Lupus III and IV. Enhanced line widths at the NW end and along the edge of the B 228 ridge in Lupus I, and a coherent velocity gradient across the ridge, are consistent with interaction between the molecular cloud and an expanding H i shell from the Upper-Scorpius subgroup of the Sco-Cen OB Association. Lupus III is dominated by the effects of two HAe/Be stars, and shows no sign of external influence. Slightly warmer gas around the core of Lupus IV and a low line width suggest heating by the Upper-Centaurus-Lupus subgroup of Sco-Cen, without the effects of an H i shell.
An Exploratory Analysis of TED Talks in English and Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish Translations

This paper contributes to the question of how discourse relations are realised in TED talks. Drawing on an annotated, multilingual discourse corpus of TED talk transcripts, we examine discourse relations in English and Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish translations by concentrating on three aspects: the degree of explicitness in discourse relations, the extent to which explicit and implicit relations are encoded inter- or intra-sententially, and whether top-level discourse relation senses employed in English differ in the target languages. The study shows that while the target languages differ from English in the first two dimensions, they do not display considerable differences in the third dimension. The paper thus reveals variations in the realisation of discourse relations in translated transcripts of a spoken genre in three languages and offers some methodological insights for dealing with the issues surrounding discourse relations.
Fluid description of the cooperative scattering of light by spherical atomic clouds

Abstract When a cold atomic gas is illuminated by a quasi-resonant laser beam, light-induced dipole–dipole correlations make the scattering of light a cooperative process. Once a fluid description is adopted for the atoms, many scattering properties are captured by the definition of a complex refractive index. The solution of the scattering problem is here presented for spherical atomic clouds of arbitrary density profiles, such as parabolic densities characteristic of ultra-cold clouds. A new solution for clouds with infinite boundaries is derived, which is particularly useful for the Gaussian densities of thermal atomic clouds. The presence of Mie resonances, a signature of the cloud acting as a cavity for the light, is discussed. These resonances leave their fingerprint in various observables such as the scattered intensity or in the radiation pressure force, and can be observed by tuning the frequency of the incident laser field or the atom number.
Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of Improved Heat Stress Tolerance in Celery (Apium Graveolens L.) Caused by Exogenous Melatonin

Melatonin (MT) is crucial in plant growth, development, and response to stress. Celery is a vegetable that grows in a cool climate, and a hot climate can deteriorate its growth, yield, and quality. This study investigates the effect of exogenous melatonin on celery physiology. Transcriptional levels were analyzed by spraying celery with exogenous MT before exposing it to high temperatures. The regulatory mechanism of exogenous MT-mediated heat tolerance was examined. The results show that the exogenous MT reduced the thermal damage state of celery seedlings, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity (REC), increasing the oxidase activity, the osmotic regulatory substances, and chlorophyll, enhancing the leaf transpiration and the light energy utilization efficiency. We examined the mechanism of exogenous MT in mitigating high-temperature damage using the transcriptome sequencing method. A total of 134 genes were expressed differently at high temperature in the celery treated with MT compared with the untreated celery. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were abundant in the “pyruvate metabolism” pathway and the “peroxidase activity” pathway. According to the pathway-based gene expression analysis, exogenous MT can inhibit the upregulation of pyruvate synthesis genes and the downregulation of pyruvate consumption genes, preventing the accumulated pyruvate from rapidly upregulating the expression of peroxidase genes, and thereby enhancing peroxidase activity. RT-qPCR verification showed a rising encoding peroxidase gene expression under MT treatment. The gene expression pattern involved in pyruvate anabolism and metabolism agreed with the abundant transcriptome expression, validating the physiological index results. These results indicate that the application of exogenous MT to celery significantly enhances the ability of plant to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to heat stress, thereby improving the ability of plant to resist heat stress. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the use of MT to alleviate the damage caused by heat stress in plant growth and development.
Modeling sea level changes and geodetic variations by glacial isostasy: the improved SELEN code

We describe the basic features of SELEN, an open source Fortran 90 program for the numerical solution of the so-called "Sea Level Equation" for a spherical, layered, non-rotating Earth with Maxwell viscoelastic rheology. The Sea Level Equation was introduced in the 70s to model the sea level variations in response to the melting of late-Pleistocene ice-sheets, but it can be also employed for predictions of geodetic quantities such as vertical and horizontal surface displacements and gravity variations on a global and a regional scale. SELEN (acronym of SEa Level EquatioN solver) is particularly oriented to scientists at their first approach to the glacial isostatic adjustment problem and, according to our experience, it can be successfully used in teaching. The current release (2.9) considerably improves the previous versions of the code in terms of computational efficiency, portability and versatility. In this paper we describe the essentials of the theory behind the Sea Level Equation, the purposes of SELEN and its implementation, and we provide practical guidelines for the use of the program. Various examples showing how SELEN can be configured to solve geodynamical problems involving past and present sea level changes and current geodetic variations are also presented and discussed.
Bayesian analysis of deer reproductive condition

: A hunting program was instituted in a previously un-hunted 836- ha county park in New Jersey for white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) in 1994. Harvested deer were aged and weighed. The reproductive tracts of female deer were examined and the number of embryos counted. Hierarchical Bayes modeling was used to examine whether or not compensatory reproduction was occurring in the park. Compensatory reproduction is an issue which is frequently raised by anti-hunting groups.
A Multi-task Event and Argument Trigger Detection in Hindi using POS Tagging as an Auxiliary Task

The event, as well as argument trigger detec-001 tion, are essential sub-tasks of the event extrac-002 tion system. Lots of effort has been devoted 003 to improving the performance of trigger de-004 tection systems. But, the effect of low-level 005 tasks like Parts-of-Speech (POS) tagging as an 006 auxiliary task in multi-task learning of event 007 and argument trigger detection has not been 008 understood well in literature. In our current 009 work, we propose a BERT-based multi-task ar-010 chitecture that learns a shared representation 011 from two sequence labeling tasks, trigger detec-012 tion (both event and argument), and POS tag-013 ging in a multi-task setup using POS tagging as 014 an auxiliary task. We show that our proposed 015 approach achieves a significant performance 016 boost as compared to single-task models. We 017 perform our experiment in the Hindi language, 018 unlike previously proposed works. 019
Clinical and Sociodemographic Determinants of Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Recommendations in Breast Cancer Survivors—Health-EpiGEICAM Study

Simple Summary There is insufficient evidence on the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on health-related lifestyles in breast cancer (BC) survivors. The International guidelines for cancer prevention are recommended not only for the general population but also for people who already have cancer. We sought to explore the degree of adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and to identify potentially influential factors, in 420 BC survivors in Spain. Global adherence was moderate, higher for the consumption of fruits and vegetables and lower for limiting red/processed meat consumption and having a high fibre intake. Compliance was worse in more educated survivors and in women with first-degree relatives with BC. There were differences in compliance with specific recommendations according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This information is of interest to promote behavioural changes towards healthier lifestyles in BC survivors. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) survivors are advised to follow the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, given their high risk of developing a second tumour. We aimed to explore compliance with these recommendations in BC survivors and to identify potentially associated clinical and sociodemographic factors. A total of 420 BC survivors, aged 31–80, was recruited from 16 Spanish hospitals. Epidemiological, dietary and physical activity information was collected through questionnaires. A 7-item score to measure compliance with the recommendations was built according to the 2018 WCRF/AICR scoring criteria. Standardized prevalences and standardized prevalence ratios of moderate and high compliance across participant characteristics were estimated using multinomial and binary logistic regression models. The mean score was 3.9 (SD: 1.0) out of 7 points. Recommendations with the worst adherence were those of limiting consumption of red/processed meats (12% of compliance, 95% CI: 8.2–15.0) and high fibre intake (22% of compliance, 95% CI: 17.6–27.0), while the best compliance was observed for the consumption of fruits and vegetables (73% of compliance, 95% CI: 69.2–77.7). Overall, adherence was worse in women with university education and in those with first-degree relatives with BC. This information may be of interest to design and implement personalized preventive measures adapted to the characteristics of these patients.
Quantitative Analyses of Biofilm by Using Crystal Violet Staining and Optical Reflection

Biofilms have caused many problems, not only in the industrial fields, but also in our daily lives. Therefore, it is important for us to control them by evaluating them properly. There are many instrumental analytical methods available for evaluating formed biofilm qualitatively. These methods include the use of Raman spectroscopy and various microscopes (optical microscopes, confocal laser microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, etc.). On the other hand, there are some biological methods, such as staining, gene analyses, etc. From the practical viewpoint, staining methods seem to be the best due to various reasons. Therefore, we focused on the staining method that used a crystal violet solution. In the previous study, we devised an evaluation process for biofilms using a color meter to analyze the various staining situations. However, this method was complicated and expensive for practical engineers. For this experiment, we investigated the process of using regular photos that were quantified without any instruments except for digitized cameras. Digitized cameras were used to compare the results. As a result, we confirmed that the absolute values were different for both cases, respectively. However, the tendency of changes was the same. Therefore, we plan to utilize the changes before and after biofilm formation as indicators for the future.
Plume moths (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) reared from the Chilean endemic Steviaphilippiana (Asteraceae)

Abstract Background The micromoth fauna of the arid environments of the western slopes of central Andes remains poorly explored. Plants native to this area host overlooked species. A survey for micromoth larvae on the Chilean endemic Steviaphilippiana Hieron. (Asteraceae) was performed. New information The first records of plume moths (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) associated with S.philippiana are provided. Adults of Adainajobimi Vargas, 2020 and a new species of Oidaematophorus Wallengren, 1862 were reared from larvae collected on inflorescences and leaves, respectively. Oidaematophorusandresi sp. n. is described and illustrated. A phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences clustered each of the two plume moths with the type species of its respective genus. These records expand the host plant range of A.jobimi and add a second species of Oidaematophorus to the Chilean fauna of plume moths.
Molecular ions in the protostellar shock L1157-B1

Aims. We perform a complete census of molecular ions with an abundance greater than ∼10 −10 in the protostellar shock L1157-B1. This allows us to study the ionisation structure and chemistry of the shock. Methods. An unbiased high-sensitivity survey of L1157-B1 performed with the IRAM-30 m and Herschel/HIFI as part of the CHESS and ASAI large programmes allows searching for molecular ions emission. Then, by means of a radiative transfer code in the large velocity gradient approximation, the gas physical conditions and fractional abundances of molecular ions are derived. The latter are compared with estimates of steady-state abundances in the cloud and their evolution in the shock calculated with the chemical model Astrochem. Results. We detect emission from HCO + ,H 13 CO + ,N 2H + ,H CS + , and for the first time in a shock, from HOCO + and SO + . The bulk of the emission peaks at blue-shifted velocity, ∼0.5‐3 km s −1 with respect to systemic, has a width of ∼3‐7 km s −1 and is associated with the outflow cavities (Tkin ∼ 20−70 K, nH2 ∼ 10 5 cm −3 ). A high-velocity component up to −40 km s −1 , associated with the primary jet, is detected in the HCO + 1‐0 line. Observed HCO + and N2H + abundances (XHCO+ ∼ 0.7−3 × 10 −8 , XN2H+ ∼ 0.4−8 × 10 −9 ) agree with steady-state abundances in the cloud and with their evolution in the compressed and heated gas in the shock for cosmic rays ionisation rate ζ = 3 × 10 −16 s −1 . HOCO + ,S O + ,a nd HCS + observed abundances (XHOCO+ ∼ 10 −9 , XSO+ ∼ 8 × 10 −10 , XHCS+ ∼ 3−7 × 10 −10 ), instead, are 1‐2 orders of magnitude larger than predicted in the cloud; on the other hand, they are strongly enhanced on timescales shorter than the shock age (∼2000 years) if CO2 ,So r H 2S, and OCS are sputtered off the dust grains in the shock. Conclusions. The performed analysis indicates that HCO + and N2H + are a fossil record of pre-shock gas in the outflow cavity, whilst HOCO + ,S O + ,a nd HCS + are effective shock tracers that can be used to infer the amount of CO2 and sulphur-bearing species released from dust mantles in the shock. The observed HCS + (and CS) abundance indicates that OCS should be one of the main sulphur carrier on grain mantles. However, the OCS abundance required to fit the observations is 1‐2 orders of magnitude larger than observed. Laboratory experiments are required to measure the reactions rates involving these species and to fully understand the chemistry of sulphur-bearing species.
Cultivation of the Shiitake Mushroom

The basic principles and practices of the cultivation of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. ) on tree logs under forest conditions at Beltsville, Maryland, are described. Spawned logs were supported to prevent contact with the soil, but no additional cultural practices were used to promote mycelial growth or mushroom fruiting. The best and most consistent mushroom yield was obtained from black and white oak. The total yield from oak logs about 90 g fresh weight mushrooms/kg fresh weight (FW) log (5 year crop cycle), was about 50% ofthat reported for large scale commercial production of shiitake mushrooms in Japan. Results of these experiments indicate also that there does not appear to be any substrate barrier to the escape and naturalization of L. edodes in the northeastern United States.
Calibration of SO2 and NO2 Electrochemical Sensors via a Training and Testing Method in an Industrial Coastal Environment

Low-cost sensors can provide inaccurate data as temperature and humidity affect sensor accuracy. Therefore, calibration and data correction are essential to obtain reliable measurements. This article presents a training and testing method used to calibrate a sensor module assembled from SO2 and NO2 electrochemical sensors (Alphasense B4 and B43F) alongside air temperature (T) and humidity (RH) sensors. Field training and testing were conducted in the industrialized coastal area of Quintero Bay, Chile. The raw responses of the electrochemical (mV) and T-RH sensors were subjected to multiple linear regression (MLR) using three data segments, based on either voltage (SO2 sensor) or temperature (NO2). The resulting MLR equations were used to estimate the reference concentration. In the field test, calibration improved the performance of the sensors after adding T and RH in a linear model. The most robust models for NO2 were associated with data collected at T < 10 °C (R2 = 0.85), while SO2 robust models (R2 = 0.97) were associated with data segments containing higher voltages. Overall, this training and testing method reduced the bias due to T and HR in the evaluated sensors and could be replicated in similar environments to correct raw data from low-cost electrochemical sensors. A calibration method based on training and sensor testing after relocation is presented. The results show that the SO2 sensor performed better when modeled for different segments of voltage data, and the NO2 sensor model performed better when calibrated for different temperature data segments.