Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reducing misclassified precipitation phase in conceptual models using cloud base heights and relative humidity to adjust air temperature thresholds

In cold region, conceptual models assigned precipitation phase, liquid (rain) or solid (snow), cause vastly different atmospheric, hydrological, and ecological responses, along with significant differences in evaporation, runoff, and infiltration fates for measured precipitation mass. A set air temperature threshold (ATT) applied to the over 30% annual precipitation events occurring with surface air temperatures between −3 and 5 °C resulted in 11.0 and 9.8% misclassified precipitation in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Surface air temperatures do not account for atmospheric properties causing precipitation phase changes as snow falls toward the ground. However, cloud base height and relative humidity (RH) measured from the surface can adjust ATT for expected hydrometeor-atmosphere interactions. Applying calibrated cloud base height ATTs or a linear RH function for Norway (Sweden) reduced misclassified precipitation by 4.3% (2.8%) and 14.6% (8.9%) misclassified precipitation, respectively. Cloud base height ATTs had lower miss-rates with low cloud bases, 100 m in Norway and 300 m in Sweden. Combining the RH method with cloud base ATT in low cloud conditions resulted in 16.1 and 10.8% reduction in misclassified precipitation in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Therefore, the conceptual model output should improve through the addition of available surface data without coupling to an atmospheric model.
Climate Signatures on Lake And Wetland Size Distributions in Arctic Deltas

Understanding how thermokarst lakes on arctic river deltas will respond to rapid warming is critical for projecting how carbon storage and fluxes will change in those vulnerable environments. Yet, this understanding is currently limited partly due to the complexity of disentangling significant interannual variability from the longer‐term surface water signatures on the landscape, using the short summertime window of optical spaceborne observations. Here, we rigorously separate perennial lakes from ephemeral wetlands on 12 arctic deltas and report distinct size distributions and climate trends for the two waterbodies. Namely, we find a lognormal distribution for lakes and a power‐law distribution for wetlands, consistent with a simple proportionate growth model and inundated topography, respectively. Furthermore, while no trend with temperature is found for wetlands, a statistically significant decreasing trend of mean lake size with warmer temperatures is found, attributed to colder deltas having deeper and thicker permafrost preserving larger lakes.
Controlled nanostructure of a graphene nanosheet‐TiO2 composite fabricated via mediation of organic ligands for high‐performance Li storage applications

A graphene nanosheet‐TiO2 nanoparticle composite (L‐GNS‐TiO2) was prepared for an application as a high‐performance lithium storage device (or lithium‐ion battery anode). The composite features a well‐defined hybrid structure of GNS and homogeneously distributed anatase TiO2 nanoparticles due to nanoparticulation and modification by organic ligands (polyacrylic acid, tartaric acid, and diethylene glycol). Despite its low overall carbon content (~8.4%), the L‐GNS‐TiO2 composite‐based anode exhibited highly reversible lithiation/delithiation (Coulombic efficiency >97%), excellent capacity retention (206 (92%) and 331 (147%) mAh g−1 after 50 and 450 cycles, respectively, at 0.15 A g−1) and decent rate capability (164 mAh g−1 at 0.75 A g−1). In addition, the stable morphology/structure of the composite after lengthy cycle tests reflected its mechanical robustness and electrochemical reversibility. The excellent performance of L‐GNS‐TiO2 was attributed to the enhanced electronic conductivity, retained charge storage sites, and a short Li+ diffusion pathway enabled by the unique composite structure constructed through optimized ligand mediation.
Indonesian Plate Number Identification Using YOLACT and Mobilenetv2 in the Parking Management System

A vehicle registration plate is used for vehicle identity. In recent years, technology to identify plate numbers automatically or known as Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) has grown over time. Convolutional Neural Network and YOLACT are used to do plate number recognition from a video. The number plate recognition process consists of 3 stages. The first stage determines the coordinates of the number plate area on a video frame using YOLACT. The second stage is to separate each character inside the plat number using morphological operations, horizontal projection, and topological structural. The third stage is recognizing each character candidate using CNN MobileNetV2. To reduce computation time by only take several frames in the video, frame sampling is performed. This experiment study uses frame sampling, YOLACT epoch, MobileNet V2 epoch, and the ratio of validation data as parameters. The best results are with 250ms frame sampling succeed to reduce computational times up to 78%, whereas the accuracy is affected by the MobileNetV2 model with 100 epoch and ratio of split data validation 0,1 which results in 83,33% in average accuracy. Frame sampling can reduce computational time however higher frame sampling value causes the system fails to obtain plate region area.
Hormonal Contraception: Systemic Estrogen and Progestin Preparations

Combined hormonal contraception (CHC) are short-acting, reversible methods containing both estrogen and progestin. Available CHC methods include combined oral contraceptives, transdermal patches, and vaginal rings. The combined oral contraceptive remains the most commonly used contraceptive method in the United States. The general principles of CHC will be reviewed, including mechanism of action and effectiveness. Unless otherwise stated, these principles apply to all CHCs. When discussing clinical studies and specific considerations related only to pills, patches, or rings, the method(s) will be specified. Words that specify sex are used when discussing studies in which sex was specified.
Analysis of series and shunt resistance in silicon solar cells using single and double exponential models

Series and shunt resistances in solar cells are parasitic parameters, which affect the illuminated current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and efficiency of cells. Very high values of series resistance (Rs) and very low values of shunt resistance (Rsh) reduce short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), respectively. In this study, the analysis of Rs and Rsh for silicon solar cells using single and double exponential models are described. Rs and Rsh for solar cells are determined from its illuminated I–V curves. The pre-exponential constants and ideality factors, Io and n in single and Io1, Io2 and n1, n2 in double exponential models are determined. Shunt resistance is nearly the same for both single and double exponential models. However, the series-resistance values are lower when calculated with double exponential model as compared with single exponential model.
Breeding Potential of Maize Germplasm Line GEMS-0067 for High Amylose Proportion

Maize varieties with high amylose proportion are more valuable for starch industry. The SBEⅡb gene encodes one of the starch branching isozymes (SBEⅠ, SBEⅡa, and SBEⅡb). Its recessive mutant amylose-extender (ae/sbe2b) decreases the total activities of SBEs and increases amylose proportion up to 60%. Here, the breeding potential of introduced germplasm line GEMS-0067 was evaluated by genotyping and phenotyping. The deletion of the ninth exon of the SBEⅡb gene, high amylose proportion, and the typical irregular granules suggested that this germplasm line was derived from the same resource of high amylose line AE11. The gelatinization and thermal properties, and degree of polymerization of starch chain showed its advantages used for high amylose breeding. However, the negative correlation between amylose proportion and starch content, as well as ker-nel filling characteristics should be overcome during breeding process.
A Novel All-Direction Antimisalignment Wireless Power Transfer System Designed by Truncated Region Eigenfunction Expansion Method

This article proposes a novel wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which achieves high misalignment tolerance in all directions by using antiparallel windings. The transmitter coil is composed of two parts of wires wound in opposite directions; thus, the magnetic flux with different directions would counteract partly. With the properly designed parameters, the mutual inductance between transmitter and receiver coils could remain constant when misalignment occurs. Therefore, the output power and the efficiency of the system can remain unchanged. Moreover, this article proposes a novel analytical calculation method for mutual inductance based on the truncated region eigenfunction expansion method, which greatly promotes and simplifies the design process of a magnetic coupler. This method solves the problem of mutual inductance calculation with a finite ferrite substrate. Factors that influence the mutual inductance of circular coils are systematically studied based on the method. Finally, an experimental prototype is built to verify the validity of the system. The mutual inductance can remain 97% of the well-aligned value within a 0.1-m misalignment, and the overall efficiency is consistently higher than 90.2%, while the fluctuation of the output power is within 3%.
Creation and validation of the Questionnaire on Attitudes towards Disability in Higher Education (QAD-HE) in Latin America

ABSTRACT This study presents a tool developed in Spanish to measure teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards physical and sensory disability in the context of higher education in Latin America. The effects on attitudes towards contact with people with disabilities, and training on that topic, were also studied. The research involved 718 participants (563 students and 155 teachers). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a bifactorial structure, with the 27 items grouped into two dimensions: egalitarian attitudes and prejudiced attitudes. Internal consistency was excellent (α > .90). The Questionnaire on Attitudes towards Disability in Higher Education (QAD-HE) shows appropriate psychometric properties and can be applied in various Spanish-speaking countries due to the language and culture adaptation process carried out. The results demonstrated that teachers with previous contact with and knowledge about disabilities had positive attitudes towards students.
Possible Products of the End-On Addition of N3- to N5+ and Their Stability

The recent synthesis of N5+[AsF6]- suggests the addition of N5+ and N3- as a possible route to N8. Because homoleptic polynitrogen compounds with more than three nitrogen atoms are nearly unknown and generally not very stable, we investigated possible products of this addition reaction. We also computed transition states for various interconversions and dissociative reactions to assess the stability of the addition products. Seven structures are minima at the B3LYP/aug-cc-PVDZ and MBPT(2)/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory: Five diazidyldiazenes and two diazidylaminonitrenes or N3−N5 complexes. Gibbs free energies based on CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ single-point calculations strongly suggest that only four of the diazidyldiazene structures are minima at higher levels of theory. We show that CCSD(T) produces good energies for molecules with some multireference character using DIP-STEOM-CCSD. In diazidyldiazenes, the loss of N2 from one of the azidyl end groups is as likely as the loss of both azidyl groups. Isolation .
Influence of the intramedullary nail length on a fracture site: Biomechanical evaluation with the finite element method

Introduction: Intramedullar locking nails have been widely preferred in femoral shaft fractures, however, design of the nails causes some problems. If the length of the nail and the distance of the distal locking screws to the fracture site are not considered, negative side effects may be observed. In order to understand the side effect of the distance between fracture gap and the distal locking pin, effect of the nail length were aimed to investigate in this study. Material and Method: Two conventional intramedullary nails with different lengths were compared. One nail was 301 mm and the other nail was 251 mm in length. The nails were inserted into the 1/3 proximal fractured femur with the support of computer-aided design software. Comparative Static analyses were performed on the three-dimensional models. Results: Different equivalent (von-Mises) stress results were observed on the fracture sites of the two models which were 2.02 GPa and 31.93 MPa respectively. Consequently, the stress on the fracture surface decreases as the distance between the distal locking site and the fracture site, decreases. Conclusion: Clinically, the shorter nail must be preferred to decrease the stress on the fracture site. Meanwhile, the other factors like diameter, angle of the fixation pin, and material properties should be considered while choosing nails.
Automated liver tumor detection in abdominal ultrasonography with a modified faster region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN) architecture

Background Although diagnostic ultrasound can non-invasively capture the image of abdominal viscera, diagnosis of the continuous ultrasound liver images to detect a liver tumor effectively and to determine whether the detected is benign or malignant is nontrivial. In order to minimize the gaps in diagnostic accuracy depending on doctor’s proficiency, we built an automated system to support the ultrasonography of liver tumors by employing deep learning technologies. Methods We constructed a neural network model for the automated detection of tumor tissues and blood vessels from the sequential liver ultrasound images. Faster region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN) is employed as a base model for the object detection, which can output the detection results in 4 frames per second and enable the system to be particularly suitable for the real time ultrasonography. Moreover, we proposed a new neural network architecture feeding both the current and previous images into Faster R-CNN. For training the models, intraoperative ultrasound images obtained from one hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient were used. The obtained image was a multifaceted observation of the liver and includes one HCC and some blood vessels. We labeled 91 images with the help of a liver specialist. We compared the tumor detection performance of the plain Faster R-CNN model with that of the proposed model. Results We find that both the models performed well in detecting HCC and blood vessels, after training with 400 epochs using Adam. However, the mean precision of our model reaches 0.549, which is 0.019 better than that of the plain Faster R-CNN, and the mean sensitivity of our model about HCC reaches 0.623±0.385 for 30 scenes of sequential liver ultrasound images, which is also 0.146 better than that of the plain Faster R-CNN model. Conclusions The comparison between the proposed model and the plain Faster R-CNN model shows that we achieved better accuracy in tumor detection, in terms of the mean precision as well as the mean sensitivity, with the proposed model.
Controlling Protein Crystallization by Free Energy Guided Design of Interactions at Crystal Contacts

Protein crystallization can function as an effective method for protein purification or formulation. Such an application requires a comprehensive understanding of the intermolecular protein–protein interactions that drive and stabilize protein crystal formation to ensure a reproducible process. Using alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) as a model system, we probed in our combined experimental and computational study the effect of residue substitutions at the protein crystal contacts on the crystallizability and the contact stability. Increased or decreased contact stability was calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) free energy simulations and showed excellent qualitative correlation with experimentally determined increased or decreased crystallizability. The MD simulations allowed us to trace back the changes to their physical origins at the atomic level. Engineered charge–charge interactions as well as engineered hydrophobic effects could be characterized and were found to improve crystallizability. For example, the simulations revealed a redesigning of a water mediated electrostatic interaction (“wet contact”) into a water depleted hydrophobic effect (“dry contact”) and the optimization of a weak hydrogen bonding contact towards a strong one. These findings explained the experimentally found improved crystallizability. Our study emphasizes that it is difficult to derive simple rules for engineering crystallizability but that free energy simulations could be a very useful tool for understanding the contribution of crystal contacts for stability and furthermore could help guide protein engineering strategies to enhance crystallization for technical purposes.
Associations between 11 parental discipline behaviours and child outcomes across 60 countries

Objectives To test associations between 11 caregiver aggressive and non-aggressive discipline behaviours and outcomes (aggression, distraction and prosocial peer relations) of children under 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Participants Data came from the fourth (2009–2013) and fifth (2012–2017) rounds of the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Analyses were restricted to households with children under 5 years, leaving a sample of 229 465 respondents across 60 LMICs. Data were analysed using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression. Results Verbal reasoning (80%) and shouting (66%) were the most common parental discipline behaviours towards young children. Psychological and physical aggression were associated with higher child aggression and distraction. Compared with not using verbal reasoning, verbal reasoning was associated with lower odds of aggression (OR)=0.92, 95% credible interval (CI)=0.86 to 0.99) and higher odds of prosocial peer relations (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.20 to 1.42). Taking away privileges was associated with higher odds of distraction (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.15) and lower odds of prosocial peer relations (OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.87 to 0.98). Giving the child something else to do was associated with higher odds of distraction (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.01 to 1.12). The results indicated country-level variation in the associations between parenting behaviours and child socioemotional outcomes. Conclusions Psychological and physical aggression were disadvantageous for children’s socioemotional development across countries. Only verbal reasoning was associated with positive child socioemotional development. No form of psychological aggression or physical aggression benefited child socioemotional development in any country. Greater emphasis should be dedicated to reducing parental use of psychological and physical aggression across cultural contexts.
Last-mile logistics in the sharing economy: sustainability paradoxes

The purpose of this paper is to explore sustainability paradoxes in sharing economy initiatives by focusing on logistics management in last-mile logistics. ,In this exploratory study, a total of 10 case studies were conducted in three categories of companies: anti-waste platforms, food delivery platforms and bicycle delivery companies. Twenty-seven face-to-face interviews with founders and/or managers and contractors (couriers, logistics service providers or volunteers) were the primary source of data collection. The heterogeneity of the sample enabled the authors to build an understanding of sustainability paradoxes in the logistics of sharing economy initiatives. ,The findings indicate how logistics management impacts the sustainability of sharing economy initiatives in last-mile delivery. The authors identify seven paradoxical tensions (five of them social) generated by the contradictions between the organizations' promised environmental and social values and the impacts of their operations. ,This exploratory research is based on a qualitative study of 10 cases and 27 interviews from heterogeneous samples; further empirical research is needed to ensure generalization. ,The paper increases the understanding of environmental and social paradoxical tensions and awareness of logistics challenges. ,The paper helps identify ways to reconcile promised values and impacts generated by sharing economy initiatives while managing last-mile delivery. ,The results enrich the literature about the paradoxes in sharing economy initiatives by providing illustrations in last-mile logistics and exposing the underlying challenges for sharing economy logistics actors.
THE SYNTHESIS OF A SECOND GENERATION OF NANOFLUIDS BASED ON CARBON NANOTUBES

In traditional modified methods,the functionalized nanoparticles appear and behave like solids in the absence of solvents.In this paper,a new family of modified nanoparticles,which exhibit liquid-like behavior in the absence of solvents at room temperature,is prepared.The amine-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) derivative is obtained in a two-step process comprising of oxidation of the tubes with strong acid and then neutralization reaction and hydrogen bonding followed by a surface reaction with dipoly(ethylene glycol) octadecyl amine.The sample is investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer analysis (FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and rheological analysis.As a result,the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were found on the surface of MWNTs,when MWNTs were modified by strong acid. Dipoly(ethylene glycol) octadecyl amine is 40 wt% corresponding to the dense surface coverage of one modifying molecule per 50 carbon atoms of MWNTs.The material is a viscous liquid at room temperature with lower versatility and it can be dispersed in various solvents due to amphiphilic properties of the modifier molecule.Their dispersion,high thermal stability,low vapor pressure and ability to flow at low temperatures make them attractive as lubricants,plasticizers,or film-forming precursors.
Subjective Well-Being and Religious Ego Identity Development in Conservative Christian University Students

Spiritual maturity greatly impacts psychosocial development (Bravo, Pearson, & Stevens, 2016; Dreyer & Dreyer, 2012; Power & McKinney, 2014). Much of the identity formation process occurs during adolescence and early adulthood (Good & Willoughby, 2014; Hardy et al., 2011). The current study sampled students from a private Christian university to examine the relationship between religious ego identity status and subjective well-being. Positive relationships were found between religious ego identity and subjective well-being. Discussion includes the unique developmental needs of emerging adults to help Christian universities better facilitate their students’ growth and education.
Combining Retargeting Quality and Depth Perception Measures for Quality Evaluation of Retargeted Stereopairs

Stereoscopic Image Retargeting (SIR) aims to adapt stereoscopic images and videos to 3D display devices with various aspect ratios by emphasizing the important content while retaining surrounding context with minimal visual distortion. To address the issue of SIR evaluation, this paper presents a new objective quality assessment method for retargeted stereopairs by combining image quality and depth perception measures. Specifically, the image quality measure is conducted between the source and retargeted intermediate views generated by the view synthesis method to characterize the geometric distortion and content loss of the retargeted stereopair, while several depth-aware features are extracted to measure the visual comfort/discomfort and depth sensation when human views a 3D scene. Then, the extracted features are integrated into an overall perceptual quality prediction. Experiment results on NBU SIRQA and SIRD databases verify the superiority of our method.