Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pipeline Engineering in the Ground: The Impact of Ground Conditions on Pipeline Condition and Maintenance Operations

The ground in which utility service pipelines are buried inevitably controls, to a large degree, the structural performance and progressive deterioration of the pipelines themselves. In a parallel programme of research to the UK Mapping the Underworld (MTU) project, a study of the fundamental properties of the ground, and how they change with the seasons and local physical and chemical contexts, is being conducted at the University of Birmingham, UK. While the results of this study feed into both the operational protocols for the MTU multi-sensor location device and the associated knowledge based system (KBS) that is being created to aid its deployment (both topics being the subjects of separate papers to this conference), the suite of complementary research projects on the ground and its properties provide valuable insights to the pipeline engineer. Geophysics is being used by the research team to explore the state of the ground with the aim of highlighting areas of concern for the structural health of pipelines buried in the ground. Studies of cast iron pipeline corrosion mechanisms have focussed on the changes that the reaction products cause to the surrounding soils, with a particular emphasis on clay soils, and one interesting finding is that these clay-iron reaction products can make the pipelines ‘invisible’ to standard geophysical location devices. Moreover there are other features in the ground that are being targeted (voids, ground wetting and softening due to leakage, ground weakening due to progressive erosion), and these features effectively make the ground more or less ‘visible’ to geophysical technologies. Alongside this work, bespoke tests have been developed for use on site to ‘calibrate’ the geophysics, thereby enhancing the signatures of the features. This paper introduces these parallel research projects and draws out the important findings for pipeline engineers charged with establishing the condition of existing buried assets.
Exchange Rate Fluctuation, Money Supply and GDP

In order to reflect the time-varying and non-linear characteristics of the exchange rate fluctuation and the effect of money supply on GDP, this paper constructs the stochastic fluctuation model and time-varying parameters based on the analysis of exchange rate fluctuation and money supply to the GDP mechanism and path Vector auto-regressive model. The empirical study shows that there are obvious shortcomings in the traditional parameters model, the exchange rate fluctuation and the influence of the money supply on the GDP are obviously time-varying. The impact size has obvious difference and the lag longer the duration, the weaker the effect, the more flexible and more efficient the transmission mechanism of exchange rate fluctuations and the effect of money supply on GDP. Keyword:Exchange Rate Fluctuation; Money Supply; GDP; SV-TVP-VAR Model
Propagation Characteristics Of Density Currents And Implications To Pollutant Transport In A Stratified Reservoir

Characteristics of density currents were first experimentally investigated in a pilot stratified reservoir with a length of 2.0m and a depth of 0.54m, in which the thermal stratification was achieved with a heating method. When the stratification stability indexes were of 0.0112~0.0197 m-1 and the buoyancy frequencies were of 0.3314~0.4393 s-1, the turbid inflow was observed to separate from the bed slope and to propagate horizontally into its equilibrium layer, namely interflow. The separation depth of density currents and the thickness of the interflow were both smaller in the strong stratification cases than those in the weak cases, which had an important impact on the pollutant transport in the reservoir. Propagation characteristics of density currents and its implications to pollutant transport were systemically explored by numerically simulating behaviors of density currents under different conditions of stratification stability index, inflow velocity and sediment content of inflow. After careful calibration of Euler-Euler model, the simulated separation depth of density currents and the thickness of the interflow agreed well with the experimental ones, which showed the propagation of inflow was closely related to the stratification level. Impacts of inflow velocity and sediment content of inflow on the propagation of density currents were different under the simulated conditions. When the volume fraction of sediment in the inflow was increased from 0.025% to 0.20%, the separation depth of density currents was decreased from 21.0cm to 18.5cm, the thickness of the interflow was slightly increased from 6.2cm to 7.8cm, but the heights of the internal hydraulic jump were almost the same. The inflow velocity mainly influenced the time of developing the interflow, the developing time decreased as the inflow velocity increased, which implied the water quality would deteriorate quickly after a heavy rainfall. Under larger inflow velocity conditions, mixing between the inflow and background water was stronger due to the higher energy carried by the inflow, and this caused the larger depth of interflow and the bigger height of internal hydraulic jump, which indicated the pollutants carried by turbid inflow would be transported more widely.
Mechanical Characterization of Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels: Comparison of Properties Measured by Rheometer and Texture Analyzer

Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels have shown remarkable benefit as new materials for regenerative medicine for multiple applications. However, for ECM-based materials to be used in vivo, they must possess appropriate mechanical properties to enable handling during storage and administration, as well as properties to induce the needed biological responses. The experiments carried out in this study allowed deeper understanding of the physical characteristics of gels towards their use in a clinical setting and subsequent commercialization. Using rheometer and texture analyzer, we expanded the previously reported mechanical characterization of ECM gels and here we present data on the new tests such as constant shear at different temperatures; cross-over temperature/gel point; cohesivity, adhesivity and hardness; fitting to Burger’s model; and strain-stiffening. We compared the mechanical properties of ECM hydrogels to collagen hydrogels, the latter were used as an internal control. Mechanical properties of ECM hydrogels were measured during different stages of hydrogel formation (pre-gel, gelation and formed hydrogel). Overall, gel complex modulus measured using rheometer correlated with hardness measured using texture analyzer across measured hydrogel concentrations, indicating that the measurements done with rheometer and texture analyzer were complementary to each other. In addition, two model drugs with poor solubility and similar molecular weight, but differing in charge were incorporated into the UBM ECM hydrogel to study the rheological behavior of the drug-hydrogel composites. The presence and properties of the drugs were found to have a moderate effect on hydrogel mechanical properties depending on the charge of the drug.
A Cultural Comparison of Sex Role Identity and Attitude toward Grooming and Recreational Apparel Shopping Behavior among Male Consumers

This study focused on the cultural differences between South Korea and the U.S. in terms of male consumers` sex role attitude and its influence on grooming and apparel shopping behavior. Purposive samples of American and South Korean males aged between 20 and 40 years were surveyed. The sample sizes were 219 and 233 for American and South Korean consumers, respectively. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 14.0. The results indicated that only grooming was influenced by the perceived femininity in the case of South Korean men; however, the model for American men indicated a significant positive influence of femininity on grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. In other words, American male consumers who perceive themselves feminine were more likely to be engaged in grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. On the other hand, for South Korean men, recreational apparel shopping behavior was not influenced by their sex role attitude, or whether they considered themselves feminine or masculine. This means that recreational apparel shopping behavior is a gender-specific behavior in the U.S., but not in South Korea. The findings of this study indicated that culture has influence on consumers` approach to shopping and appearance. South Korean male consumers were more likely to acknowledge themselves as being feminine, enjoy apparel shopping and grooming compared to American male consumers.
Towards a Security Meta-Model for Software Architectures

Security is becoming a very important concern for distributed application architectures. Previous modeling approaches provided insufficient support for an in-depth treatment of security. There is currently no generic solution that can automatically deploy the security techniques at the creation of the software architecture. The identification of security requirements during the assembly of software components is necessary in such approaches. Indeed, software architectures validate the functional aspects, which are insufficient to ensure a realistic assembly to remedy the problem of security. Facing the new challenges of security for distributed software application and giving the base that is provided by existence software architecture research, we propose a model based approach called Security Meta-model of Software Architecture (SMSA). Our model is focused on semantically rich software connectors that provide communication and secure the exchange of information between distributed components in the same configuration.
Theoretical study of the possibility of glycin with thiotriazoline complexes formation

Brain strokes are widely spread all over the world and are among the most dangerous for the population. Often it leads to death, complete or partial loss of ability to work. The correction of imbalance of Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems by activation of natural inhibitory processes is a promising direction of primary neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Particular attention is drawn to the natural inhibitory neurotransmitter – glycine and its role in the mechanisms of acute cerebral ischemia. There are data on the ability of the thiotriazoline antioxidant to potentiate the therapeutic effect of neurometabolic cerebroprotectors. Therefore, the creation of new combined preparation based on glycine with thiotriazoline is important today.
Control of Chaos Using the Controller Identification Technique

Modeling and simulation of chaotic system with dynamic control have been extensively presented in the past decades. Several control techniques have been proposed for the control of chaos. One technique that has not been sufficiently explored for the control of nonlinear systems is the controller identification technique. This technique is based on the evaluation of controllers even if they are not online. This technique does not use a priori knowledge of the plant parameters. In this work, we propose a class of controllers candidates to follow desired trajectories. Simulation results are presented for the control of chaotic systems.
Verification of Uncurated Protein Annotations

Molecular Biology research projects produced vast amounts of data, part of which has been preserved in a variety of public databases. However, a large portion of the data contains a significant number of errors and therefore requires careful verification by curators, a painful and costly task, before being reliable enough to derive valid conclusions from it. On the other hand, research in biomedical information retrieval and information extraction are nowadays delivering Text Mining solutions that can support curators to improve the efficiency of their work to deliver better data resources. Over the past decades, automatic text processing systems have successfully exploited biomedical scientific literature to reduce the researchers’ efforts to keep up to date, but many of these systems still rely on domain knowledge that is integrated manually leading to unnecessary overheads and restrictions in its use. A more efficient approach would acquire the domain knowledge automatically from publicly available biological sources, such as BioOntologies, rather than using manually inserted domain knowledge. An example of this approach is GOAnnotator, a tool that assists the verification of uncurated protein annotations. It provided correct evidence text at 93% precision to the curators and thus achieved promising results. GOAnnotator was implemented as a web tool that is freely available at http://xldb.di. fc.ul. pt/rebil/tools/goa/.
PARALLEL MOM SOLUTION OF JMCFIE FOR SCAT- TERING BY 3-D ELECTRICALLY LARGE DIELECTRIC OBJECTS

In this paper, we apply the parallel method of moments (MOM) to solve the Electric and Magnetic Current Combined Field Integral Equation (JMCFIE) for scattering by large, three-dimensional (3-D), arbitrarily shaped, homogeneous dielectric objects. We first derive the JMCFIE formulation which produces well-conditioned matrix equation when the MOM with Galerkin’s type testing and RaoWilton-Glisson (RWG) functions is applied. We then develop a parallel conjugate gradient (CG) method on personal computer (PC) clusters using message passing interface (MPI) for solving the matrix equation obtained with JMCFIE. The matrix is decomposed by the row and stored in distributed memory of the node. Several numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the proposed method.
From the boardroom to the farmers ’ market : Using activity system mapping to explore a farmers ’ market competitive advantage

There are few recent success stories in North American agriculture that match the growth of direct marketing. The number of farmers’ markets in the United States, for example, tripled from 1,755 in 1994 to 5,274 in 2009 (USDA, 2009). Despite this positive trend, recent research suggests that this dramatic increase masks the reality that many farmers’ markets fail within their first few years of operation. Markets may fail for many reasons, including ineffective management weakened by a lack of resources. On the other hand, those markets that have been well planned and understand their strategic position and competitive advantage in the local market are more likely to survive these vulnerable formative years. Business strategist Porter (1985) developed the “activity system map” to show how a small set of core competencies (what an enterprise does well), together with specific management and policies that support those competencies, fit together to a Christopher T. Sneed, M.S. (corresponding author), The University of Tennessee Extension – Blount County, Maryville, TN 37804, USA; csneed@utk.edu. b Ann E. Fairhurst, Ph.D., The University of Tennessee, Department of Retail, Hospitality, and Tourism Management, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; fairhurs@utk.edu. create a strategic position. An enterprise that has effective strategic position is said to have a competitive advantage in the marketplace. In this paper we describe how we created an activity system map for a farmers’ market in an eastern Tennessee. This included analyzing organizational documents and interviewing market organizers and management, and then creating a simple diagram that depicts the web of relationships between core competencies of the market and the ongoing activities and policies of the farmers’ market managers that support these competencies. We believe that farmers’ market sponsors and managers often may be too immersed in day-to-day activities to step back and see the relationship of these activities and policy enforcement to the core competencies. Activity system mapping facilitates discussions on market policy, promotion, and competitiveness. We conclude from this exercise that activity system mapping has the potential to be a useful tool for agriculture and food system practitioners in assisting new or existing farmers’ markets to increase their viability in the short run and their sustainability over the long term. Recommendations are made for adopting and/or adapting this technique for use with farmers’ markets in other communities. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ISSN: 2152-0798 print / 2152-0801 online www.AgDevJournal. com 150 Volume 1, Issue 1 / August 2010
Re-Encryption based Secure Communication for Scalable Data in Multiple Clouds

The Cloud Computing provides the services to organizations based on the service models such as SaaS, PaaS and IaaS through deployment models like Public, Private and Hybrid clouds. There are lots of advantages with data outsourcing to the cloud. Cloud has the ability to function well even though changes are made to the data. But, one of momentous challenge is providing security to the cloud data. Now a day’s these cloud data is accessed by mobile users also. Such that there is need to diminish the communique cost and totaling load. In the previous scheme, the Attribute Based Encryption was proposed to provide security. Additionally Re-Encryption is also provided in order to minimize sustained users only in single cloud. In this paper, we will present a protocol that outsources the data in multiple Clouds to achieve more security and high scalability.
THE IMPACTS OF PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON EMPLOYEES JOB SATISFACTION AMONG PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS IN MALAYSIA

The issue of employees’ job satisfaction among public accounting professionals has become a very critical issue for employers as it might affect the quality, productivity, and sustainability of public accounting firms in today’s economy and business environment. Therefore, this research is attempts to provide insights on the variables influencing job satisfaction. Besides that, this research paper is also aims to explore whether plays a role in mediating the relationship between the six factors of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employees’ loyalty. For data collection, a structured questionnaire was developed and a total of 103 responses were received from accountants, auditors, tax advisory, consultants and secretaries. Furthermore, the four steps regression analysis has been employed in this study in order to evaluate the mediating role of job satisfaction. The results have revealed that all the six variables (remuneration, relations with supervisors & co-workers, job security, job promotion, management/leadership style, and organizational culture) are significant factors in explaining the job satisfaction among public accounting professions. Moreover, the findings have also shown that job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between relations with supervisors & co-workers and organizational commitment, and also the relationship between job security and employees’ loyalty. This results have provided insight for public accounting firms in overcoming the issues of job satisfaction among their employees. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Employees Loyalty, Employee Motivation
Cadmium adsorption and accumulation by Ceratophyllum demersum L.: A fresh water macrophyte

Ceratophyllum demersum (aquatic macrophyte, popularly known as coontail) plants were treated with cadmium viz., 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10. 0μM for a duration of 2, 4, 6 and 8 days to examine the amount of Cd adsorbed and accumulated from the hydroponic system. In all treatments, Cd adsorbed to the plant decreased with increasing treatment duration. Whereas, at a chosen treatment of duration, Cd adsorbed to the plant increased with increasing treatment concentration. On the other hand, Cd accumulation increased with increasing treatment concentration as well as duration. Cd adsorption as well as accumulation was found to be significantly correlated with the treatment duration at all tested concentrations. However, adsorption showed negative correlation with the treatment duration. Significant differences were noticed between the concentrations and treatment periods for adsorption as well as accumulation of the Cd. After 2 days treatment at 2.5μM concentration, Cd present in the hydroponic medium was found to be negligible. In plants treated for second time with the same Cd concentration after washing the plants with 10μM EDTA solution for 5 minutes, Cd adsorption was not observed. EDTA pretreatment prevented the adsorption, and increased Cd accumulation. Based on the present study it can be concluded that C. demersum is suitable plant to remediate Cd polluted effluents. EDTA pretreatment would enhance the accumulation of the Cd. © 2004 SDU. All rights reserved.
A histopathology study on the effects of acute exposure of tropical analgesic spray on brain tissues of sprangue dawley rats

Topical analgesic sprays are a group of drugs that inhibits the action of pain receptors (nociceptors) resulting in a pain relieving effect. In Malaysia, the abuse of topical analgesic sprays via inhalation is now growing in popularity amongst teenagers as it causes a “high” effect and it is easily available in pharmacies. This study aimed to determine the morphological changes in the brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats exposed acutely for 14 days to two different brands of topical analgesic sprays. 15 rats were divided into 3 groups; control group, Group A for Medgeneral Ethyl Chloride spray and group B for Perskindol Cool Spray. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The rats were exposed to their specific sprays twice a day for 14 days. On the final day, all rats were sacrificed and the brain tissues underwent gross examination and histological preparations for microscopic viewing. The tissues were examined via comparison microscope and comparisons were made between the control group and the exposed group and also between the two exposed groups. For the brain morphology, both Group A and B showed an increase in pyknotic nuclei, elongated microglia and macrophages compared to control group. Group A showed a higher number of the three morphological findings compared to group B. These results were evident that solvents present in the sprays causes cellular damage and cell death. The results showed that acute exposure of topical analgesic sprays via inhalation causes morphological changes in the brain tissues due to cellular damage and death. However, biochemical tests should be done to determine the mechanism of toxicity caused by the topical analgesic sprays.
MISSING AT RANDOM AND IGNORABILITY FOR INFERENCES ABOUT INDIVIDUAL PARAMETERS WITH MISSING DATA

In a landmark paper, Rubin (1976 Biometrika) showed that the missing data mechanism can be ignored for likelihood-based inference about parameters when (a) the missing data are missing at random (MAR), in the sense that missingness does not depend on the missing values after conditioning on the observed data, and (b) distinctness of the parameters of the data model and the missing-data mechanism, that is, there are no a priori ties, via parameter space restrictions or prior distributions, between the parameters of the data model and the parameters of the model for the mechanism. Rubin (1976) described (a) and (b) as the “weakest simple and general conditions under which it is always appropriate to ignore the process that causes missing data”. However, it is important to note that these conditions are not necessary for ignoring the mechanism in all situations. We propose conditions for ignoring the missing-data mechanism for 2 likelihood inferences about subsets of the parameters of the data model. We present examples where the missing data are ignorable for some parameters, but the missing data mechanism is missing not at random (MNAR), thus extending the range of circumstances where the missing data mechanism can be ignored.