Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of fluid contents by light transmission in transient three‐phase oil‐water‐air systems in sand

Most three‐phase flow models lack rigorous validation because very few methods exist that can measure transient fluid contents of the order of seconds of whole flow fields. The objective of this study was to develop a method by which fluid content can be measured rapidly in three‐phase systems. The method uses the hue and intensity of light transmitted through a slab chamber to measure fluid contents. The water is colored blue with CuSO4. The light transmitted by high‐frequency light bulbs is recorded with a color video camera in red, green, and blue and then converted to hue, saturation, and intensity. Calibration of hue and intensity with water, oil, and air is made using cells filled with different combinations of the three fluids. The results show that hue and water content are uniquely related over a large range of fluid contents. Total liquid content is a function of both hue and light intensity. The air content is obtained by subtracting the liquid content from the porosity. The method was tested with static and transient experiments. Measurements made with the light transmission method (LTM) and synchrotron X rays of the static experiment agreed well. In the transient experiments, fingers were formed by dripping water on the surface in a two‐dimensional slab chamber with partially oil‐saturated sand. The LTM is able to capture the spatial resolution of the fluid contents and can provide new insights in rapidly changing, three‐phase flow systems.
Modelling structural determinants of ventilation heterogeneity: A perturbative approach

We have developed a computational model of gas mixing and ventilation in the human lung represented as a bifurcating network. We have simulated multiple-breath washout (MBW), a clinical test for measuring ventilation heterogeneity (VH) in patients with obstructive lung conditions. By applying airway constrictions inter-regionally, we have predicted the response of MBW indices to obstructions and found that they detect a narrow range of severe constrictions that reduce airway radius to 10%–30% of healthy values. These results help to explain the success of the MBW test to distinguish obstructive lung conditions from healthy controls. Further, we have used a perturbative approach to account for intra-regional airway heterogeneity that avoids modelling each airway individually. We have found, for random airway heterogeneity, that the variance in MBW indices is greater when indices are already elevated due to constrictions. By quantifying this effect, we have shown that variability in lung structure and mechanical properties alone can lead to clinically significant variability in LCI and Scond, but only in cases simulating obstructive lung conditions. This method is a computationally efficient way to probe the lung’s sensitivity to structural changes, and to quantify uncertainty in predictions due to random variations in lung mechanical and structural properties.
Marine‐derived Bioactive Peptides: Their Cardioprotective Activities and Potential Applications

Marine biotechnology is the application of biotechnology tools to marine resources. It encompasses those efforts that involve the marine resources of the world, either as the source or the target of biotechnology applications. Biotechnology is the application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, in order to alter living or nonliving materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services. In the case of marine biotechnology, the living organisms derive from marine resources. The ocean encompasses about 71% of the surface of our planet, but over 90% of the biosphere (since organisms are found throughout the water column), and represents the greatest extremes of temperature, light and pressure encountered by life. Adaptation to these harsh environments has led to a rich marine bioand genetic diversity, with potential biotechnological applications related to drug discovery, environmental remediation, increase of seafood supply and safety and development of new resources and industrial processes (Mayekar et al., 2012). Research into the pharmacological properties of marine natural products has led to the discovery of many compounds considered worthy of clinical application. There is great potential in bioprospecting from the sea, and marine natural-products research has just started to bloom. Today, marine sources have the highest probability of yielding natural products with unprecedented carbon skeletons and interesting biological activities. New habitats, such as deep ocean sample sand symbiotic systems, still have great possibilities for future research. This chapter examines bioactive peptides which have properties relevant to cardiovascular health, including effects on blood pressure, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, hemostasis and lipid metabolism.
Urdu Sentiment Analysis

Internet is the most significant source of getting up thoughts, surveys for a product, and reviews for any type of service or activity. A Bulky amount of reviews are produced on daily basis on the cyberspace about online products and objects. For example, many individuals share their remarks, reviews and feelings in their own language utilizing social media networks such as twitter and so on. Considering their colossal Quantity and size, it is exceedingly knotty to look at with and interpret specified surveys. Sentiment Analysis (SA) aims at extracting people’s opinion, felling and thought from their reviews in social websites. SA has recently gained significant consideration, however the vast majority of the resources and frameworks constructed so far are tailored to English as well as English like Western languages. The requirement for designing frameworks for different dialects is expanding, particularly as blogging and micro-blogging sites are becoming popular. This paper presents a comprehensive review of approaches of Urdu sentiment analysis and outlines of relevant gaps in the literature.
Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) : Review

Oral route has always been preferred route for formulators and has dominated over other routes of administrations. However this preferred route is limited to those drugs molecule that are permeable across the gastric mucosa and are at least sparingly soluble. Approximately 40% of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility and present a major challenge to modern drug delivery system, because of their low bioavailability. Realization that the oral bioavailability of poor water soluble drugs may be enhanced when co-administered with meal rich in fat has led to increasing recent interest in the formulation of poorly water soluble drugs in lipids. Also Lipid-based drug delivery systems have gained considerable interest after the commercial success of Sandimmune NeoralTM (Cyclosporine A), Novartis Pvt. Ltd. and Fortovase (Saquinavir), Roche Laboratories Inc. with much attention focused on self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS). SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and drug with a unique ability to form fine oil in water microemulsion upon mild agitation following dilution with aqueous phase. The hypothesis behind dissolution rate enhancement with SMEDDS is the spontaneous formation of the emulsion in the gastrointestinal tract which presents the drug in solubilized form, and the small size of the formed droplet provides a large interfacial surface area for drug absorption. This article gives a complete overview of SMEDDS as a promising approach to effectively tackle the problem of poorly soluble molecules.
A new low power high reliability flip-flop robust against process variations

Low scaling technology makes a significant reduction in dimension and supply voltage, and lead to new challenges about power consumption such as increasing nodes sensitivity over radiation-induced soft errors in VLSI circuits. In this area, different design methods have been proposed to low power flip-flops and various research studies have been done to reach a suitable hardened flip-flops. In this paper we combined these two generally separate addressed issues to reach a new low power high reliability flip-flop (LP-HRFF). LP-HRFF operates over 1GHz clock frequency and structured based on an appropriate combination of dual interlocked storage cell, level converting techniques and clock signal controlled gates. The extensive simulations exhibit LP-HRFF has 0% single event upset rate against single transient events occurred on inputs and internal nodes and show the improvement of power consumption up to 42.8% and power delay product up to 24.6% when compared with its counterparts. Furthermore, the simulation results approve the robustness and efficiency of the proposed flip-flop against process variations.
Distributed Knowledge-based Medical SystemFor Data Assimilation And Analysis

Internet and Global Information Systems present unique opportunities to collect, assimilate and analyse data from different sources. Ontologies allow domain experts to create, share and reuse existing knowledge in a standardized way. These advantages can be exploited in medicine in order to create a unified assimilation and analysis system. An ontology-based server-side application for distributed medical system was developed. The application uses data from a medical knowledge base to answer client queries. Additionally, data may be collected and assimilated into the knowledge base to improve the quality of the analysis.
A DFT Study of the Triplet Excited States of Iridium(III) Complexes with Terpyridine Ligands

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine the triplet states of ten iridium(III) complexes and the relationship between these states and the emission spectra of the complexes. Those complexes have ligands of terpyridine derivatives. Among them, complexes (IrBr(phen)(terpy))(PF6)2 (2) and (IrBr(phen)(tterpy))(PF6)2 (3) were newly synthesized for this study and exhibited pronounced phosphorescent emission. Here, phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, terpy is 2,2':6',2''- terpyridine and tterpy is 4'-(4-tolyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine. All complexes were calculated to possess either one or two low-energy triplet excited states, designated as Tb and Tc. The Tc triplet states arise typically from the one-electron excitation from HOMO of the out- of-phase 5d- overlap to the low-lying vacant orbital of the (5d-N) antibonding overlap. The Tb states of the complexes are primarily associated with metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and π-π* transitions. The energy gaps between Tb triplet states and ground states were compared with those corresponding to peaks in the emission spectra of 2, 3 and the other eight reported complexes. A high degree of the correlation between calculated and observed energies was obtained.
Sustained Participatory Design Extending the Iterative Approach

With its 10th biennial anniversary conference in 2008, Participatory Design (PD) was leaving its teens and must now be considered ready to join the adult world and to think big : PD should engage in large-scale information-systems development and opt for a sustained PD approach applied throughout design and organizational implementation. To pursue this aim we extend the iterative PD approach by (1) emphasizing PD experiments that transcend traditional prototyping and evaluate systems during real work; (2) incorporating improvisational change management including anticipated, emergent, and opportunity-based change; and (3) extending initial design and development into a sustained, stepwise implementation that constitutes an overall technology-driven organizational change. Sustained PD is exemplified through a PD experiment in the Danish healthcare sector. We reflect on our experiences from this experiment and discuss four challenges PD must address in dealing with large-scale systems development.
A PROTEOMIC STUDY OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

A Proteomic Study of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Liver Disease. (May 2008) Billy Walker Newton, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Arul Jayaraman Alcoholic steatosis (AS) is the initial pathology associated with early stage alcoholic liver disease and is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver. AS is considered clinically benign as it is reversible, as compared with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) which is the next stage of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and mostly irreversible. Proteomics were used to investigate the molecular basis of AS to determine biomarkers representative of AS. Liver tissue proteins at different stages of steatosis from a rodent model of AS were separated by two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), followed by MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) identification of significantly expressed proteins. Expression levels of several proteins related to alcohol induced oxidative stress, such as peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were reduced by 2 to 3-fold in ethanol fed rats, and suggested an increase in oxidative stress. Several proteins involved in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism were found at increased expression levels, suggesting higher energy demand upon chronic exposure to ethanol. In order to delineate between the effects of fat accumulation and oxidative stress, an in vitro hepatocyte cell culture model of steatosis was developed. HepG2 cells loaded with oleic acid surprisingly demonstrated lower cytotoxicity upon
ASSESSING VULNERABILITY TO REGIONAL FLOOD HAZARD THROUGH SPATIAL MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS IN THE HUAIHE RIVER BASIN, CHINA

The identification of regional vulnerability to flood hazard and the components related to vulnerability is crucial for emergency preparedness, immediate response, mitigation planning, and long-term recovery from disasters. This research attempts to employ demographic and socio-economic data as well as other hazard information in studying the vulnerability to flood hazard with quantitative measures. Firstly the perspective of vulnerability to regional flood hazard is reviewed according to previous literature. On the basis of the conceptual framework of flood hazard vulnerability analysis, this paper develops a quantitative methodology to characterize the vulnerability of regional flood hazards, which employs spatial multi-criteria analysis approach based on entropy weight determining and scenario analysis of the flood event occurred in 2003. The utility of this approach in an assessment of the vulnerability is illustrated in the Huaihe River Basin, China.
Absorbed dose determination in conventional and laser – driven clinical hadron beams

IAEA TRS 398 recommends for hadron therapy beam energies of 50 to 250 MeV for protons and of 100 to 450 MeV/u for carbon ions. At present these energies are supplied by the conventional accelerators of cyclotron, synchrocyclotron, synchrotron and linac types. As an alternative to conventional accelerator beams that include compact accelerators in the design phase (FFAG, DWA and cyclinac) laser-driven carbon ion/proton therapy beams has appeared. Parameter characterizing the interaction of the clinical beams of charged particles with the target is the absorbed dose in the tumors. This paper presents a measurements procedure for determining absorbed dose in hadron beams by the ionization method with ionization chambers.
Action Recognition Using Action Unit Based Feature Extraction and SURF Descriptor

: A model is proposed for human action recognition using a new concept of action units to represent human actions in videos. Two stages are involved in our approach. First, training stage learns the model for action units and action classifiers. Second, testing stage uses the learned model for action recognition. Different interconnected components are used for action recognition. First involves the use of a new descriptor named SURF which is the fastest one with good performance and shows its advantages in rotation, blur and illumination changes. SURF uses square-shaped filters which forms an approximation of Gaussian smoothing. Second, involves learning action units using a factorizing algorithm called the graph regularized nonnegative matrix factorization, which helps to encode geometrical information. Third, a model is proposed to select the discriminative action units for better action recognition. SVM model is adopted as the predictive model.
Housing Markets and Regional Unemployment Flows in Great Britain

Over the past 20 years, there has been a great deal of interest from academic economists and policymakers in the UK in the contribution of the housing market to regional disparities in unemployment. However, despite a considerable body of research, there remains a great deal of uncertainty concerning the role played by different features of the housing market in shaping the regional pattern of unemployment. In this study, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of this issue by examining the relationship between housing market variables and the flows into and out of regional unemployment. Our findings indicate that both the level of regional house prices and the housing tenure mix have significant effects on the rate of flows into and out of regional unemployment and hence upon the equilibrium rate of unemployment in a region. In particular, we find that regions with a relatively high level of house prices and/or a low proportion of social rented housing will tend to have a relatively low equilibrium rate of unemployment, other things equal.
Stochastic Dominance to Account for Uncertainty and Risk in Conservation Decisions

Practical conservation normally requires making decisions in the face of uncertainty. Our attitude toward that uncertainty, and the risks it entails, shape the way conservation decisions are made. Stochastic dominance (SD), a method more commonly used in economics, can be used to rank alternative conservation actions by comparing the probability distributions of their outcomes, making progressive simplified assumptions about the preferences of decision makers. Here, we illustrate the application of SD to conservation decisions using the recovery plan for an endangered frog species in Australia as a case study. SD is simple and intuitively appealing for conservation decisions; its broader application may encourage conservation decision makers to consider probabilistic uncertainty in light of their preferences, which may otherwise be difficult to recognize and assess transparently. A better treatment of attitudes towards uncertainty and risk may help ensure rational decision making in conservation and remove potential causes of stakeholder conflict.
Lidar-based Vehicle Localization in an Autonomous Valet Parking Scenario

ii Acknowledgments. iii Vita . iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1: General . 1 1.2: Problem Statement . 2 1.3: Objective and Scope of Study . 2 1.4: Organization of the Report . 3 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 4 2.1: Overview . 4 2.2: Scan Matching Methods . 4 2.3: Landmark-based SLAM . 5 2.4: Landmark Extraction . 7
Genetic Studies of Selected „Black-Fruit” Hawthorns: Crataegus Nigra WALDST. et KIT., C. Pentagyna WALDST. et KIT. and C. Chlorosarca MAXIM.

Abstract Genetic relationships of black-fruit hawthorns of the Carpathian basin have been investigated based on intergenic cpDNA sequences; first of all of the endemic Crataegus nigra and related species. Considerable infraspecific variation was detected in the East Asian taxon C. chlorosarca and some divergence in the Eurasian C. pentagyna. Based on the genetic analysis of investigated and reference psbA-trnH sequences, classification of sections Crataegus and Sanguineae is highly supported. From the studied taxa, C. pentagyna and C. monogyna was ordered to Sectio Crataegus, while C. nigra and . C. chlorosarca to Sectio Sanguineae. Based on our data, C. nigra can be considered as maternal parent of the investigated C. × degenii hybrids. Kivonat Három kiválasztott “fekete termésű” galagonyafaj genetikai vizsgálata: Crataegus nigra WALDST. et KIT. , C. pentagyna WALDST. et KIT. és C. chlorosarca MAXIM. Jelen tanulmanyban karpat-medencei “fekete termesű” galagonyak, elsősorban a Crataegus nigra es kozeli rokonainak genetikai kapcsolatait vizsgaltuk intergenikus cpDNS szekvenciak alapjan. Jelentős infraspecifikus variabilitast a kelet-azsiai C. chlorosarca fajnal tapasztaltunk, mig az eurazsiai C. pentagyna eseteben korlatozott szamu nukleotid polimorfizmust azonositottunk. Az altalunk vizsgalt es az adatbazis eredetű referencia psbA-trnH szekvenciak alapjan a Sect. Crataegus es Sect. Sanguineae osztalyozasok tamogatast kapnak. A vizsgalt taxonok, a C. pentagyna es a C. monogyna a Sect. Crataegusba, mig a C. nigra es a C. chlorosarca a Sect. Sanguineae kladokra kerultek besorolasra. Vizsgalataink alapjan a C. nigra a C. × degenii hibrid anyai szulője.
Maneuvering Target Tracking with Recurrent Neural Networks for Radar Application

Maneuvering target tracking is a problem of state estimation where the system undergoes abrupt changes. Traditional model-based approaches to this problem are threatened by the performance degradation caused by the model mismatch and the estimator usually has limited statistical precision in practice. Developed from what the machine sees as mathematically optimal in the data, deep neural network-based methods are not sensitive to variant models as long as the interested motions are fully contained in the training data. Besides, having access to the true state while training a network can make it possible to break the limit of traditional estimation precision. To coincide with the sequential manner of target tracking, the recurrent neural network is proposed to estimate the true state. Simulation results show that the proposed network handles the target motion uncertainty problem well, meanwhile, the states are estimated more accurately.
World Expansion of Mass Education, 1870-1980

Newly available enrollment data for over 120 countries for the period 1870-1980 are used to examine theories of mass educational expansion. Event-history analyses indicate that mass educational systems appeared at a steady rate before the 1940s and sharply increased after 1950. Pooled panel regressions show that the expansion of mass education, once formed, followed an S-shaped diffusion pattern before 1940, continuing with added force later. Expansion is endemic in the system. National variation exists; indications of national modernization or of structural location in world society, however, have only modest effects. It seems that mass education spreads in a world organized politically as nation-states and candidate states. Rates of appearance of mass education and of expansion accelerated sharply after World War II, with the intensification of the nation-state model and the centrality of mass education in this model.
The Influence of Perceived Loci of Control and Causality in the Theory of Planned Behavior in a Leisure‐Time Exercise Context

The contribution that generalized locus of control and perceived locus of causality made to adolescents' intentions to participate in leisure-time physical activity was examined. A mediational model included constructs from three theoretical approaches: locus of control, self-determination theory (SDT), and the theory of planned behavior. A structural equation model revealed that the effects of generalized locus of control on attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to participate in physical activity were mediated by intrinsic motives from SDT. Findings provide evidence in support of a motivational sequence in which locus of control influences situation-specific attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions mediated by the context-specific motives from SDT.