Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium-dependent regulation of Rho and myosin phosphatase in vascular smooth muscle

Phosphorylation of 20 kD myosin light chain (MLC) is a critical process in eliciting smooth muscle contraction. Excitatory receptor agonists increase the extent of MLC phosphorylation by both activating myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and inhibiting myosin phosphatase (MP). Activation of MLCK is dependent on Ca2+ and calmodulin, while inhibition of MP is dependent on the small guanosine triphosphatase Rho and Rho kinase. Receptor agonists were previously shown to induce Rho activation via the heterotrimeric G12/13 protein, largely in non-muscle cells. We recently discovered the novel Ca2+-dependent activation of Rho in vascular smooth muscle. This Ca2+-dependent Rho activation mechanism operates upon stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by either membrane depolarization or Gq-coupled vasoconstrictor receptors. Thus, Ca2+ induces MLC phosphorylation through both MLCK stimulation and MP inhibition. We found that phosphoinositide 3-kinase class II . isoform (PI3K-C2.) is involved in the Ca2+-dependent Rho activation and MP inhibition. PI3K-C2. appears to participate in regulation of vascular Rho activity and tone in vivo. These observations also indicate that PI3Ks exert isoform-specificeffectsonvasculartonethrough mechanisms involving regulation of endothelial nitric oxide production and smooth muscle MP activity. Biomedical Reviews 2005; 16: 13-21.
Magnetic nanostructures stabilized by surface-state electrons

V. S. Stepanyuk,1,* L. Niebergall,1 R. C. Longo,2 W. Hergert,3 and P. Bruno1 1Max-Planck-Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120, Halle, Germany 2Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 3Fachbereich Physik, Martin-Luther-Universitat, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, D-06120, Halle, Germany (Received 6 May 2004; published 31 August 2004)
Using a Crop Simulation Model to Understand the Impact of Risk Aversion on Optimal Irrigation Management

We studied optimal irrigation management by risk-averse farmers with different soil types under limited well capacity. Our modeling framework allowed us to assess the optimal adjustment along the intensive margins (i.e., changes in seasonal irrigation depth) and along the extensive margins (i.e., changes in irrigated area). Our empirical application uses AquaCrop to simulate corn yields with historical weather in southwest Kansas under a large number of potential irrigation strategies. We show that risk aversion significantly increases total water use, especially for low and medium well capacities. While farmers decreased irrigated area due to risk aversion, the increase in water use occurred because it was optimal to increase the seasonal irrigation depth to reduce production risk. The increase in seasonal irrigation depth arises mostly from reduced management allowable depletion (MAD) levels in the initial crop growth stages of corn. Counterintuitively, risk aversion had a smaller impact on water use for a soil with a smaller soil water holding capacity. This result arises because optimal irrigation under risk neutrality is larger for soils with a smaller water holding capacity. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for risk aversion when estimating the optimal irrigation management strategy and show that the impact of risk aversion differs significantly by well capacity and soil type.
EXPLORING CAPABILITIES OF SENTINEL-2 FOR VEGETATION MAPPING USING RANDOM FOREST

Abstract. Accurate vegetation mapping is essential for monitoring crop and sustainable agricultural practice. This study aims to explore the capabilities of Sentinel-2 data over Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data for vegetation mapping. Two combination of Sentinel-2 dataset have been considered, first combination is 4-band dataset at 10m resolution which consists of NIR, R, G and B bands, while second combination is generated by stacking 4 bands having 10 m resolution along with other six sharpened bands using Gram-Schmidt algorithm. For Landsat-8 OLI dataset, six multispectral bands have been pan-sharpened to have a spatial resolution of 15 m using Gram-Schmidt algorithm. Random Forest (RF) and Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC) have been selected for classification of images. It is found that, overall accuracy achieved by RF for 4-band, 10-band dataset of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 OLI are 88.38 %, 90.05 % and 86.68 % respectively. While, MLC give an overall accuracy of 85.12 %, 87.14 % and 83.56 % for 4-band, 10-band Sentinel and Landsat-8 OLI respectively. Results shown that 10-band Sentinel-2 dataset gives highest accuracy and shows a rise of 3.37 % for RF and 3.58 % for MLC compared to Landsat-8 OLI. However, all the classes show significant improvement in accuracy but a major rise in accuracy is observed for Sugarcane, Wheat and Fodder for Sentinel 10-band imagery. This study substantiates the fact that Sentinel-2 data can be utilized for mapping of vegetation with a good degree of accuracy when compared to Landsat-8 OLI specifically when objective is to map a sub class of vegetation.
Use of physiological traits in tree breeding for improved yield in drought-prone environments. The case of Eucalyptus globulus

Selecting for improved growth in drought-prone environments may lead to a trade-off between traits related to both growth and drought resistance. This paper provides a review of the use of physiological traits in breeding for yield improvement in water-limited environments. Plant responses to water stress can be grouped into strategies, which are species-specific. Once a species drought resistance strategy is known, several physiological traits can be selected to be used in the species breeding program. Despite there are multiple physiological traits involved in plant responses to drought, only a few of them have been actually used to improve both growth and drought resistance. This review highlights the relevance of stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency as well as hydraulic traits in breeding for improved growth in drought-prone environments. It is illustrated with unpublished results obtained in several research programmes that share a common objective: improving Eucalyptus globulus growth and survival in south-western Spain
Low-frequency electrostatic waves in the ionospheric E region

Low-frequency electrostatic waves in the ionospheric E region are studied by analyzing data obtained by instrumented rockets. We identify the origin of the enhanced fluctuation level to be the Farley–Buneman instability. The basic information on instability, such as altitude varying spectra and speed of propagation are obtained. Comparison of power spectra for the fluctuations in plasma density and electrostatic potential, respectively, provides information on the electron dynamics. A bispectral analysis gives indications of phase-coherent couplings within the wave spectrum, while higher order structure functions indicate some intermittent features of the turbulence.
Survey of Text Plagiarism Detection

In this paper we are going to review and list the advantages and limitations of the significant effective techniques employed or developed in text plagiarism detection. It was found that many of the proposed methods for plagiarism detection have a weakness and lacking for detecting some types of plagiarized text. This paper discussed several important issues in plagiarism detection such as; plagiarism detection Tasks, plagiarism detection process and some of the current plagiarism detection techniques.
A Low Phase Noise 4.596GHz VCO for Chip-scale Cesium Atomic Clocks

The chip-scale cesium atomic clock can provide various devices a high accuracy and high stability frequency reference. According to its operating mechanism, a 4.596GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with small volume, low power consumption and low phase noise is vital, serving as a microwave signal source to achieve the closed-loop clocking of the whole system. Based on this, an applicative 4.596GHz VCO is designed by using a coaxial resonator with high quality factor. Firstly, the Short-Open-Line-Thru (SOLT) calibration standards for the network analyzer are designed to extract the parameters of the used coaxial resonator and its equivalent circuit model is built. Secondly, the VCO is designed with the modified Clapp circuit topology and then the transient simulation and the harmonic balance simulation are both run to evaluate the oscillation frequency and the phase noise performance of the designed VCO. Finally, the VCO is tested and the test results show that the phase noises are -44.66dBc/Hz@300Hz and -61.12dBc/Hz@1KHz, the output power is 0.006dBm and the voltage-controlled tuning sensitivity is about 50MHz/V, well meeting the application requirements of the chip-scale cesium atomic clocks.
The effect of Jaycustomer misbehaviour on the Mehrabian-Russell Model

While the Mehrabian-Russell model has been widely discussed in service research, no attempt has been made to identify moderating factors for this model. The current study provides a more comprehensive view in an attempt to explore the impact of an exogenous variable on the model. A personally administered questionnaire was designed for patrons of themed restaurants. Overall, 265 responses were collected and used in this study. As expected, customers’ emotional responses mediate the relationship between atmosphere and customers’ behavioural intentions. Although this study cannot prove that jaycustomer misbehaviours have a negative moderating effect on the model, it is still possible to produce some interesting arguments. Keywords—Mehrabian-Russell Model; Atmospherics, Emotional Response, Behavioural Intention, Themed Restaurant, Jaycustomer
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES ALONG THE DEPTH GRADIENT OF A CORAL REEF WALL AT SAN ANDRÉS ISLAND, COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN

"Blue Wall", in San Andres Island (Colombia), is an outer reef slope with an inclination that increases with depth to nearly 90°. Such a steep gradient facilitates the identification of patterns of variation in species abundance and diversity along depth. To document such patterns in fishes associated with this habitat, 30 visual censuses were conducted along 30 x 2 m transects, located at 5 m intervals between 5-30 m depth, in which the abundance and diversity of species was estimated. A total of 2916 individuals belonging to 46 species from 21 families were recorded within transects. Ten additional species were observed outside of transects for a total richness of 56 species. The dominant species were Canthigaster rostrata, Chromis cyanea, Stegastes partitus, Thalassoma bifasciatum and Clepticus parrae, which together with four other species accounted for 92% of the total abundance. Several of these dominant species are planktivorous and abundant throughout the Caribbean and had broad ranges of vertical distribution with abundance peaks in different parts of the depth gradient. In general, there was a positive correlation between average abundance and breadth of depth distribution. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis revealed distinct assemblages at each depth, which also differed significantly, but weakly, in their diversity and dominance, but not in their species richness and evenness. Shallow assemblages were clearly distinctive from deep ones, with greater differentiation between shallower than between deeper assemblages. We conclude that the fish assemblage at "Blue Wall" exhibits a structural order that can be explained, in part, by depth and that reef walls offer an excellent opportunity to examine processes responsible for patterns of community structure in coral reef fishes.
Behavior of a Dual Stator Induction Machine Fed by Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverter

Use of multilevel inverters with induction machines has become popular in most energy conversion and management systems. The present paper discusses the behavior of the dual stator-winding induction machine (DSIM) for the power source, which is a power supply with Neutral Point Clamped (NPC). Multilevel inverter with PWM technique control is analyzed. The DSIM control is obtained by the PWM technique to multicarrier PWM technique and after a comparative study of various characteristics of the DSIM taking into account the different electrical offsets between the two stars (0°, 30°, 60°). The gap between the two stars was considered, and it is impacted on torque and rates harmonic distortion of circulation currents.
Migration and Land Rental as Risk Response in Rural China

Households in developing countries take various actions to smooth income or consumption as a means of managing or responding to risk. One of the principal means of smoothing income is through the diversification of income sources, including non-farm employment and rural-urban migration. An important consumption smoothing strategy involves the accumulation and depletion of assets. We examine migration and land rental market participation as responses to risk in rural China. Using a longitudinal data set comprised of households in nine provinces in China from 1991 through 2006, we are able to test for the effect of various manifestations of underlying idiosyncratic and covariate income risk on household responses. We find that covariate risks increase land rental market participation, but decrease participation in migration. Idiosyncratic income risks do not affect household rental market participation, perhaps suggesting that intra-village risk sharing is sufficient for households to smooth consumption after experiencing idiosyncratic shocks. Because the death of a household reduces a household's redundant labor, these idiosyncratic labor shocks significantly lower the likelihood that a household will participate in migration.
Food Away from Home Consumption and Obesity: An Analysis by Service Type and by Meal Occasion

Food away from home is recognized as one of the reasons behind recent overweight and obesity surge. The relationship between Body Mass Index and the distributional effects of food consumed at home and away from home at different levels of aggregation, along with demographic profile covariates are modeled. Demographic variables have the expected effects on BMI established by other studies. Food away from home has a significant positive effect on BMI. The effects of food away from home split into foods at Full- and Quick-service restaurants also affect BMI in the predicted way, with the latter effect being disproportionately larger. Lunch away from home has huge positive effect on BMI.
Advances in D. melanoxylon Investigations towards Tissue Culture: Problems and Limitations

The first attempt on D. melanoxylon tissue culture was conducted from 2010 to 2013 at a high level of expectations. A total of 500 seeds were sterilized at different concentration of reagents and inoculated at different strength of the Murashige and Skoog medium for germination to obtain disease free explants for callus induction trials. A total of 400 nodal segments obtained from germinated seeds were sterilized at different concentration of reagents and inoculated at different hormonal combinations to induce callus formation for seedling multiplication. Results from this tissue culture attempt set a foundation for tissue culture success in D. melanoxylon on the future research. Only 19.8% of seeds inoculated in half strength of Murashige and Skoog medium germinated within 7 days while only 6.8% of seeds inoculated in full strength of Murashige and Skoog medium germinated within 6 days. This germination was at sterilization of 20 minutes in 35% ethanol and 20 minutes in 2.6% sodium hypochlorite. A total of 1% of inoculated D. melanoxylon seedling fragments in Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with hormone combination at 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA developed callus after16 days from the inoculation day. The final weight of the callus at the last record was 0.62 g. In this induction ex-plants were surface sterilized in 35% ethanol for 20 minutes and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 minutes. The color of callus was green and friable in nature. Other hormonal combinations in this case did not induce callus production. These results suggested that the problems which affect seed germination in the natural environment are also reflected on germination in the Murashige and Skoog medium and in callus induction. Vulnerability to fungal attack is a limitation for successful callus induction and germination in the culture room. More research under improved sterile conditions is needed to improve callus percentage for seedling multiplication.
Exponential Synchronization for Second-Order Nodes in Complex Dynamical Network with Communication Time Delays and Switching Topologies

This paper is devoted to the study of exponential synchronization problem for second-order nodes in dynamical network with time-varying communication delays and switching communication topologies. Firstly, a decomposition approach is employed to incorporate the nodes? inertial effects into the distributed control design. Secondly, the sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the exponential synchronization of second-order nodes in the case that the information transmission is delayed and the communication topology is balanced and arbitrarily switched. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results, it is applied to the typical second-order nodes in dynamical network, as a case study. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method has a high performance in synchronization of such network.
Comparative Study of GPS-Integrated Concrete Supply Management using Discrete Event Simulation

The management of vehicular supply of “perishable” construction material, such as concrete mixes, faces a series of uncertainties such as weather, daily traffic patterns and accidents. Presented in this paper is a logistics control model for managing a hauling fleet with interrelated processes at both ends and queue capacities. Discrete event simulation is used to model the complex interactions of production units and the randomness of the real world. Two alternative strategies for ready mix concrete delivery, with and without an off-site waiting queue, are studied to compare supply performance. Secondly, the paper discusses the effect of an agent-based GPS tracking system providing real-time travel data that lessens the uncertainty of trucking time. The results show that the combination of GPS information with off-site queuing reduces productivity loss and process wastes of concrete placement as well as the idleness of supply trucks when crew or pump experience an unexpected stoppage.
Identifying evapotranspiration relationships for input into rainfall-runoff models using the SWIM model

Accurate estimates of evapotranspiration are often an essential input for rainfall-runoff modelling and water balance calculations. Present methods for estimating evapotranspiration rely either on mass balance or climatic data measuring wind, humidity, solar radiation and temperature. This paper presents an alternative method for estimating evapotranspiration for input into semi-distributed rainfall-runoff models. Three different vegetation types were tested on a range of soil types within a catchment using the Soil Water Infiltration and Movement (SWIM) model. The results for wheat are presented in this paper. The relationship between available soil water and evapotranspiration was then identified for each soil type. This relationship was then used to estimate the distributed evapotranspiration pattern for a catchment over time based on particular land-use and rainfall patterns. Preliminary results and the advantages of using such a meta-model approach in semi-distributed hydrological modelling are presented.
Identifying Prevelance Flood Attacks in DelayTolerant Networks

A distributed scheme to detect if a node has debased its rate limits. To address the challenge that it is difficult to count all the packets or replicas sent by a node due to lack of statement infrastructure, our detection adopts claim-carry-and check: each node itself counts the number of packets or replicas that it has sent and claims the count to other nodes; the getting nodes carry the claims when they move, and cross-check if their carried claims are inconsistent when they contact. The claim structure uses the pigeonhole standard to guarantee that an attacker will make conflicting claims which may lead to discovery. We present rigorous analysis on the probability of detection, and assess the effectiveness and efficiency of our scheme with extensive trace driven simulations. Using Lyapunov optimization, we extend this examination to design a utility Maximizing algorithm that uses explicit delay information from the head-ofline packet at each user. The consequential policy is shown to ensure deterministic worst-case delay guarantees and to yield a throughput utility that differs from the optimally fair value by an amount that is inversely proportional to the delay guarantee. Our results hold for a general class of 1-hop networks, including packet switches and multiuser wireless systems with time varying reliability.
Conformational and Structural Changes of Choline Oxidase from Alcaligenes Species by Changing pH Values

Results of intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence studies on choline oxidase revealed that the enzyme at high alkaline pH values has more accessible hydrophobic patches relative to acidic pH. Fluorescence quenching studies with acrylamide confirm these changes. The quenching constants were also determined at different pH(s) by using the Stern-Volmer equation. CD studies showed that at higher pH a transition from α-helix to βstructure was appeared while at lower pH the content of α-helix structure was increased. Furthermore, analysis of the spectral data using chemometric method gave evidence for existence of intermediate components at very high pH(s). Results of thermal denaturation evaluated that the enzyme has the most instability at higher pH(s). Altogether low and high pH values caused significant alteration on secondary and tertiary structures of choline oxidase via inducing of an intermediate.
Impact of zinc fertilization on gas exchange characteristics and water use efficiency of cotton crop under arid environment.

Gas exchange characteristics play an important role in the growth and development of cotton plants . Therefore, field experiments were conducted for consecutive two years during 2004 and 2005 to study the effects of Zn fertilization @ 0 (control), 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 kg Zn ha -1 on gas exchange characteristics of cotton cv. CIM-473. The soil of the experimental site was alkaline in nature, moderately calcareous, silt loam with low Zn (DTPA -extractable Zn, 0.5 mg kg -1 soil). The net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) increased while intercellular CO2 (Ci) decreased with the increasing Zn levels during both years of study. The water use efficiency (PN /E) was improved by 32% under the highest Zn dose compared to control. There were positive correlations between Zn doses and PN (0.98**), E (0.97**), g s (0.88**), WUE (0.94**), while a negative correlation was observed with Ci (-0.95**). The addition of Zn fertilizer caused beneficial influence on cotton plant by enhancing its water use efficiency and gas exchange parameters.