Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matching Based Multistyle License Plate Recognition

The purpose of the article is to develop algorithms for multistyle single line LP learning and recognition from images as well as for comparatively low resolution LP processing. Methods. Randomized Hough transform is used for detecting horizontal frame lines and subsequent LP localization in image. Structural feature matching approach is used for character recognition. Correction of recognition results is based on calculation of modified Levenstein distance (MGED) between LP description and templates. Results. New algorithms for multinational license plate learning and recognition from images are proposed. Localization of LP in images is based on LP frame detection using a randomized Hough transform to detect horizontal contour frame line segments. Recognition of segmented characters inside LP is based on searching key points in skeletonized character images and matching these points with etalons. Correction of recognition LP output is carried out by matching and defining MGED between LP input description and templates. Online active for recognition of new LP symbols and templates is also proposed. multistyle LP localization and recognition from images are proposed. Control and correction of recognition results is based on calculation of MGED between input LP description and templates which are more general in comparison conventional text lines. As future work, it is planned to increase accuracy by learning feature etalon weights, as well as to consider other LP types for recognition and to test developed means on more representative data samples.
A Bio-Energetic Model for North Atlantic Right Whales: Locomotion, Anatomy and Diving Behavior

Abstract : During this project, we investigated the physical forces that right whales experience in their marine environment and the biological adaptations of these whales to these forces. In comparison to locomotion in a terrestrial environment, energy for marine locomotion is predominately directed towards overcoming the forces of drag and buoyancy (instead of the force of gravity). North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) have been characterized as slow-swimming cetaceans that trade off speed for power and therefore may use considerable amounts of energy to swim. We explored (1) the forces generated by swimming right whales during different behaviors, (2) how these forces vary with the morphological variation observed within and between right whale species, and (3) estimating whether changes in the behavioral dive budgets of these animals could increase their energetic requirements for locomotion.
Citizens' Spatial Footprint on Twitter - Anomaly, Trend and Bias Investigation in Istanbul

Social media (SM) can be an invaluable resource in terms of understanding and managing the effects of catastrophic disasters. In order to use SM platforms for public participatory (PP) mapping of emergency management activities, a bias investigation should be undertaken with regard to the data related to the study area (urban, regional or national, etc.) to determine the spatial data dynamics. Thus, such determinations can be made on how SM can be used and interpreted in terms of PP. In this study, the city of Istanbul was chosen for social media data research area, as it is one of the most crowded cities in the world and expecting a major earthquake. The methodology for the data investigation is: 1. Obtain data and engage sampling, 2. Identify the representation and temporal biases in the data and normalize it in response to representation bias, 3. Identify general anomalies and spatial anomalies, 4. Manipulate the trend of the dataset with the discretization of anomalies and 5. Examine the spatiotemporal bias. Using this bias investigation methodology, citizen footprint dynamics in the city were determined and reference maps (most likely regional anomaly maps, representation maps, time-space bias maps, etc.) were produced. The outcomes of the study can be summarized in four steps. First, highly active users generate the majority of the data and removing this data as a general approach within a pseudo-cleaning process means concealing a large amount of data. Second, data normalization in terms of activity levels, changes the anomaly outcome resulting from diverse representation levels of users. Third, spatiotemporally normalized data present strong spatial anomaly tendency in some parts of the central area. Fourth, trend data is dense in the central area and the spatiotemporal bias assessments show the data density varies in terms of the time of day, day of week and season of the year. The methodology proposed in this study can be used to extract the unbiased daily routines of the social media data of the regions for the normal days and this can be referred for the emergency or unexpected event cases to detect the change or impacts.
Reinvestigating the Determinants of Environmental Degradation in Nigeria

This study aims to reinvestigate the impact of economic growth in relation with trade openness, financial development, energy consumption and foreign direct investment to overcome the omitted variable problem on environmental degradation in Nigeria for the years from 1971 to 2015. Bounds test results reveal a cointegrating relationship between variables in the long run. Both in the long and short run, economic growth tends to affect CO2 emissions positively. In the long run, energy consumption positively impacts CO2 emissions while CO2 emissions tend to be negatively affected by foreign direct investment. Furthermore, a robust check was performed through the FMOLS and DOLS to establish the long run effect. Moreover, we employed wavelet coherence based causality test which provided stronger supportive evidence to the long-run estimations of this study. The significance of this study stems from the uniqueness that to the best of our knowledge there has been no study combining these variables in addition to the fact that the econometric techniques employed have not been applied in conjunction to the subject for the case of Nigeria.
The Influence of Convective Momentum Transport and Vertical Wind Shear on the Evolution of a Cold Air Outbreak

To study the influence of convective momentum transport (CMT) on wind, boundary layer and cloud evolution in a marine cold air outbreak (CAO) we use large‐eddy simulations subject to different baroclinicity (wind shear) but similar surface forcing. The simulated domain is large enough, O(100×100 km2), to develop typical mesoscale cellular convective structures. We find that a maximum friction induced by momentum transport (MT) locates in the cloud layer for an increase of geostrophic wind with height (forward shear, FW) and near the surface for a decrease of wind with height (backward shear, BW). Although the total MT always acts as a friction, the interaction of friction‐induced cross‐isobaric flow with the Coriolis force can develop supergeostrophic winds near the surface (FW) or in the cloud layer (BW). The contribution of convection to MT is evaluated by decomposing the momentum flux by column water vapor and eddy size, revealing that CMT acts to accelerate subcloud layer winds under FW shear and that mesoscale circulations contribute significantly to MT for this horizontal resolution (250 m), even if small‐scale eddies are nonnegligible and likely more important as resolution increases. Under FW shear, a deeper boundary layer and faster cloud transition are simulated, because MT acts to increase surface fluxes and wind shear enhances turbulent mixing across cloud tops. Our results show that the coupling between winds and convection is crucial for a range of problems, from CAO lifetime and cloud transitions to ocean heat loss and near‐surface wind variability.
Two‐Dimensional Full‐Wave Simulation of Whistler Mode Wave Propagation Near the Local Lower Hybrid Resonance Frequency in a Dipole Field

We investigate the propagation of whistler mode waves near the local lower hybrid resonance (LHR) frequency in a dipole field with a two‐dimensional full‐wave model. First, we run a simulation in which a parallel whistler with frequency above the local LHR frequency is launched at the equatorial region in electron plasma. We find that whistler emission propagates along the dipole field line to a high latitude, turns quasi‐electrostatic where the wave frequency is close to the local LHR frequency, and continues to propagate until being absorbed. Then, the proton response is considered. We find that (1) a quasi‐electrostatic whistler reflects where the wave frequency is below the local LHR frequency and propagates to a larger L‐shell and lower latitude, (2) a strong standing‐wave pattern is formed in the LHR reflection region, and (3) the whistler emission turns from right‐hand circularly polarized to linearly polarized near the reflection region. Finally, we run a simulation in which a quasi‐electrostatic whistler is launched at a high latitude with a small‐scale density irregularity added as a depletion to the background plasma. We find that a small portion of quasi‐electrostatic whistler energy can be coupled to a parallel whistler, which can propagate to a much lower altitude while most of the wave energy experiences LHR reflection. Moreover, the mode coupling depends on the transverse and longitudinal sizes of the density irregularity. This makes a possible explanation of ground observations of nonducted whistler emission, which could have been reflected in the high‐latitude ionosphere and magnetosphere.
Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management in Ready-made Garment (RMG) Sector of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, ready-made garment (RMG) is one of the biggest industries which are facing many challenging issues recently. The study aimed to analyse material, manufacturing, distribution system and recovery procedures of RMG sector to apply green (sustainable) supply chain management. The study used primary data source. The interviewees are selected based on some specific standards. Interviewees are selected according to their position in management and job experience in RMG sector, transport companies engage with garment sector and third party companies such as Buying House. The sample sizes are four respondents which selected from executive level. Three respondents had more than 10 years experiences in RMG sector and a respondent had eight years experiences in transportation company engage with RMG sector. The garments had encouraged to find green designing of raw materials by using eco-friendly elements which not affect the environment. Moreover, the garments had proper use of the raw materials in their production process to minimize the waste of resources due to limited of natural resource.
Automated quantification of fibrosis-related parameters using dual-photon microscopy replace diagnosis of pathologists in NAFLD.

HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2020;9(6):815-816 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/hbsn.2020. 03.23 We read with great interest the article by Wong and colleagues (1). Hepatic fibrosis is the most important determinant of mortality in patients with NAFLD (2). Although noninvasive tests or imaging modalities such as FibroScan and MR elastography have been developed for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis (3), liver biopsy is now the gold standard. Liver biopsy has several drawbacks including intra-observers’ and inter-observers’ variability (4-7), because the histology-based fibrosis is depend on the subjective evaluation by the pathologists. In this article, automated quantification of fibrosis-related parameters (q-FPs) using dual-photon microscopy can accurately diagnose fibrosis stage and predict cumulative incidence of liver-related events (1). It is expected that this novel method will replace diagnosis by pathologists. The strength of this study was based on not only cross-sectional data (n=344) also longitudinal data (n=97). Limitations in this article exist as authors mentioned. We wonder whether this method can be applied to other ethnic population. An international multi-center trial should be performed for independent external validation. We expect that this novel method can contribute to future clinical trials of NASH drug pipelines for avoiding pathological observers’ variabilities.
Evaluation of Penetration Depth of Sodium Hypochlorite Into Dentinal Tubules After Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Compared to Er;Yag Laser Activation. An In-Vitro Study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare penetration depth of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules after passive ultrasonic agitation or ER; YAG activated irrigant. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four single rooted human mature mandibular premolars were decoronated and accessed. After locating the apex and determining the working length, preparation of root canal was done up to #35 file using Mtwo system and with 5.25 NaOCl irrigation. Teeth were then sealed apically with wax and submerged in a crystal violet dye for 48 hours to stain dentin. NaOCl Irrigation was activated with either Ultrasonic or ER;YAG laser. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally and depth of bleached zone was evaluated under a stereomicroscope 40X. Results: Penetration depth was significantly higher in overall root canal in ultrasonic group than ER; YAG laser group (P=.000). In ER;YAG Laser group, the highest penetration depth was in the coronal third followed by middle and third, with significant difference between apical third and both middle and coronal thirds (P=.009, .003 respectively), and no significant difference between middle and coronal thirds (P=.083). Highest penetration depth was seen in middle third for no significant deference in penetration depth between the three thirds of the root canal activated with Ultrasonic (P=.664). Conclusion: ultrasonic activation can lead to more NaOCl penetration into dentinal tubules than activation with ER;YAG.
Behavioral tests in adults: reference values and comparison between groups presenting or not central auditory processing disorder

Corresponding address: Taissane Rodrigues Sanguebuche Avenida Independência, no 820, apartamento 903, Bairro Passo da Areia CEP: 97010-240 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil E-mail: taissane.sanguebuche@outlook. com ABSTRACT Purpose: to generate reference values for different behavioral central auditory processing (CAP) tests in normally hearing adults, with age stratification, as well as to compare the results, according to the presence or absence of CAP disorder (CAPD). Methods: the study sample consisted of 94 adults with normal auditory thresholds, with at least 11 years of schooling, who were divided into two groups, according to the performance in the Dichotic Sentences Identification Test (DSI), Masking Level Difference (MLD), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT), Adapted Time-Compressed Speech (ATCS) and Duration and Frequency Pattern Tests (DPT/FPT). The 64 subjects who presented normality in all the tests formed the G1 group and the 30 subjects who presented alteration in at least one of them, originated the G2 group. To accomplish the analysis it was used the Mann-Whitney U Test. In all analyzes, the significance level was 5% (p≤0.05). Results: the sum of the two standard deviations for the mean performance of G1 yielded reference values for the different tests addressed. When G1 and G2 groups were compared, G1 presented better results, this being significant in the DSI (left ear), MLD, RGDT, DPT and FPT tests, for the group aged between 18 and 29 years and, DSI (right ear), RGDT and ATCS (right ear), for the group from 30 to 58 years. Conclusion: it was possible to generate reference values for different behavioral tests of CAP in normally hearing adults, as well as to verify a better performance for the group with no CAPD.
Effects of body size, habitat selection and exposure on hatchling turtle survival

Iteroparous species invest little energy into annual reproduction and tend to experience low and variable survivorship in young life stages. However, juveniles with traits that increase survival will have a fitness advantage over conspecifics, and usually bigger is better for juvenile vertebrates. Understanding behavioural and morphological characteristics that increase fitness is important for our understanding of the evolution of life-history strategies. We outfitted naturally emerging hatchlings of two species of turtles (Blanding's turtles Emydoidea blandingii and wood turtles Glyptemys insculpta) with radio transmitters to test five hypotheses related to survival from nests to overwintering sites using logistic regression models. In contrast to the widely supported hypothesis that bigger is better for survival of juveniles, we found that smaller hatchlings of both species were more likely to survive from emergence to overwintering. In E. blandingii, hatchlings that emerged later in the year, which reduced exposure time to predators and environmental risks, and spent less time in upland open habitat, were also more likely to survive. Our results demonstrate that bigger is not always better in juvenile ectotherms. Assuming bigger is better without observations of survival can lead to erroneous conclusions related to fitness proxies and the ontogeny of body size in populations. The observed relationship between habitat selection and survival in E. blandingii indicates a direct link between behaviour (habitat selection) and fitness through mortality caused by predators and environmental stressors.
ECG signals for human identification based on fiducial and non-fiducial approaches

Biometric systems are mostly used for human identification and authentication. Recent developments have shown that ECG human identification can be used as a powerful tool as it gives more reliable and accurate results. In this paper, a proposed human identification system based on ECG as a biometric is presented with different feature extraction methods. Different feature extraction methods such as Daubechies wavelet ('db3', 'db8' and 'db10'), Symlets wavelet 'sym7' and Biorthogonal wavelet 'bior2.6' are exploited in this work. A combination of radial basis function (RBF) neural network and Backpropagation (BP) neural network is used as a classifier. The proposed system gives an identification rate of 98.41% with Daubechies wavelet 'db8'. In addition, the identification rate for Daubechies wavelet ('db3'and 'db10'), Symlets wavelet 'sym7' and Biorthogonal wavelet 'bior2.6' increases when R-R intervals are added as fiducial features of the non-fiducial features.
Reinforcement Learning Control of a Flexible Two-Link Manipulator: An Experimental Investigation

This article discusses the control design and experiment validation of a flexible two-link manipulator (FTLM) system represented by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A reinforcement learning (RL) control strategy is developed that is based on actor–critic structure to enable vibration suppression while retaining trajectory tracking. Subsequently, the closed-loop system with the proposed RL control algorithm is proved to be semi-global uniform ultimate bounded (SGUUB) by Lyapunov’s direct method. In the simulations, the control approach presented has been tested on the discretized ODE dynamic model and the analytical claims have been justified under the existence of uncertainty. Eventually, a series of experiments in a Quanser laboratory platform are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control and its application effect is compared with PD control.
Criteria of Determination of Safe Grain Storage Time – A Review

Therefore it can be stated that grain starts deteriorating from the time of harvest, due to in‐ teractions between the physical, chemical and biological variables within the environment (Mason et al., 1997). Cereal grains just after being harvested contain microbial contamination coming from several sources, such as dust, water, ill plants, insects, solid, fertilisers and ani‐ mal feces. Bacteria found in grains mainly belong to the families Pseudomonadaceae, Micrococ‐ caceae, Lactobacillaceae and Bacillaceae, and moulds are mostly Alternaria, Fusarium, Helminthosorium and Cladosporium, although other genus can also be present. The microbial composition of the cereals is of great importance for the storage of grains, since at high mois‐ ture levels the microorganisms could grow and alter the properties of product (Laca et al., 2006). Grain deterioration is also related to respiration of the grain itself and of the accompa‐ nying microorganisms. The evolution of carbon dioxide, water and heat is associated with this respiration or deterioration (Steele et al., 1969).
Physiological analysis of drought resistance and yield in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

A field experiment was conducted with four groundnut varieties belonging to Spanish and Virginia bunch habit groups, GG 2, J 11, JL 24 (Spanish) and TMV 10 (Virginia) to analyse their variability for drought resistance, growth and yielding ability under water deficit stress created at different phenophases. Moisture stress at flowering and pod development phases was found to be highly detrimental to leaf area development, dry matter production, pod formation and yield in comparison with stress at the vegetative phase (.)
The Effects of Formaldehyde, Hydrogen Peroxide and Trichlorphon Applications on Selected Hematological Stress Indicators in Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Bu calismada, aynali sazan (C. carpio)’larda gerek profilaktik ve gerekse ektoparazitlerin sagaltiminda yaygin olarak kullanilan formaldehit (% 37), hidrojen peroksit (% 35) ve triklorfon (Neguvon)’un tedavi edici dozlarinin toksik etkileri hematolojik stres indikatorleri acisindan degerlendirildi. 180 adet balik (51,13±8,18 g) 70 L hacimli onsekiz adet tankta, 22±1oC tatli su kosullarinda tutuldu. Uc farkli deneme olarak kurgulanan calismada, her deneme grubu kendi kontrol gruplari ile karsilastirildi. Formalin uygulamasi bes gun, 150 ppm/30dk. /gun, hidrojen peroksit iki gun 1000 ppm/20 dk. /gun ve triklorfon iki gun boyunca, 150 ppm/ 30 dk. /gun olarak calisildi. Denemelerin sonunda, baliklardan toplanan kan ve serum ornekleri, eritrosit (RBC) ve lokosit (WBC) miktarlari, hemoglobin (Hb) ve hematokrit (Hct) degerleri, eritrosit hucre indeksleri (MCV, MCH), hucre boyutlari, lokosit hucre tipleri (lenfosit, monosit, notrofil, eosinofil), glikoz ve kortizol duzeyleri belirlendi. Her uc ayri deneme grubunda, RBC, Hb, Hct ve eritrosit indeksleri, her deneme grubunun kontrol gruplari ile karsilastirildiginda, istatistiksel olarak, onemli duzeyde azalmalar belirlendi (p<0,05). Ayrica, lenfosit, monosit, notrofil hucre yuzdeleri ve WBC miktarlari ile serum glikoz ve kortizol seviyeleri kontrol ile karsilastirildiginda istatistiksel olarak onemli duzeyde artis tespit edildi. (p<0,05). Diger yandan deneme gruplarindaki baliklarin kan hucre buyukluklerinde onemli duzeylerde artis belirlendi. Stres gostergesi kan parametrelerinde tespit edilen onemli duzeydeki farkliliklar, aynali sazanlarda soz konusu kemoterapotiklerin, terapotik doz ve zamanlarda kullanilmasinin, stres kaynagi olarak degerlendirilebilecegini gosterdi.