Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reach, Use, and Impact of a Free mHealth Mindfulness App in the General Population: Mobile Data Analysis

Background As smartphones are now used by most Americans, it is increasingly possible for mental health mobile apps to be disseminated to the general public. However, little is known about how mobile mental health apps are used by the general population outside of a controlled research design. Objective Our objective is to describe how the general population engages with Mindfulness Coach, an iOS- and Android-based app designed to deliver a mindfulness training course. Methods Using anonymous download and analytics data, we characterized the reach, usage, retention, and impact of Mindfulness Coach. We included mobile analytics data from all unique downloads of Mindfulness Coach between August 1, 2018, and April 8, 2019 (N=104,067) as well as starred reviews from all Mindfulness Coach users who provided reviews of the app as of March 1, 2020. Mindfulness characteristics were measured by an in-app assessment using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire–Short Form (FFMQ-SF). Results Users engaged, on average, in 4.3 visits to the app (SD 8.8; median 2; 90th percentile 8) and associated with an average total of 49.2 interactions with the app (ie, clicks within the app) (SD 113.8; median 19; 90th percentile 105). Users spent an average of 16.2 minutes (SD 63.1) engaged with the app over the full study time period. There were strong linear effects of app engagement on total FFMQ-SF scores. For example, FFMQ-SF scores were associated with more time spent engaged with the app (R2=.23; P<.001). Mindfulness Coach has been reviewed in the Google Play Store 3415 times, with an average rating of 4.7 out of 5 stars, and over 2000 times in the Apple App Store, with an average rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars. Conclusions These findings suggest that Mindfulness Coach has achieved substantial and sustained reach in the general population; however, it was used less frequently by many downloaders than researchers and designers intended. There was a subpopulation of users who engaged in the app regularly over an extended period of time, and there was a clear relationship between app use and improvements in mindfulness. To strengthen Mindfulness Coach’s public health impact, more research is needed to understand who is using the app and how, and to design strategies to increase user engagement in order for users to receive a larger dose of mindfulness treatment.
Experiences of Venous Leg Ulcer persons following an individualised nurse-led education: protocol for a qualitative study using a constructivist grounded theory approach

Introduction Venous leg ulcers are slow-healing wounds with a high risk of recurrences. To prevent recurrences and promote healing, different nurse-led educational interventions have been developed. The impact of these interventions on self-management is ambiguous. Also, how persons with a venous leg ulcer experiences these educational sessions are poorly described. Aim This study protocol presents the methodology to provide a comprehensive explanation of participants’ journeys—of how they experience their individualised education sessions concerning self-management. Methods and analysis A constructivist grounded theory approach according to Charmaz involving 30 participants will be used. Data will be collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews. Interviews will be transcribed verbatim and analysed with initial and focus coding using MAXQDA. Data collection and data analysis will occur iteratively, focusing on constant comparison to obtain well-developed categories. Categories will be reinforced using existent literature. Ethics and dissemination This pre-results study is embedded in a clinical trial (NCT04019340) and approved by ethical committee of the canton of Geneva (CCER: 2019-01964). A theory will emerge from participants’ journeys informing future education sessions for patients with venous leg ulcers. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and communications.
A review of evaluation approaches for telemental health programs

Abstract Purpose Although studies have examined the effectiveness of telemental health programs, optimal approaches for their evaluation remain unclear. We sought to review the outcomes used to evaluate telemental health programs. Methods We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2010 until October 2019, and we excluded review articles, opinion papers, presentations, abstracts, and program report without data. Results 1310 articles were identified, 34 of which were reviewed. Studies used a combination of non-clinical and clinical outcomes, most commonly engagement and impact rates, and standardised clinical measures. Very few studies examined technological feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and qualitative satisfaction reports. Conclusions This review is the first to summarise approaches to evaluate telemental health programs. Strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation outcomes are discussed in this review, highlighting essential factors that should be taken into consideration when developing a standardised framework for the evaluation of future telemental health programs. KEY POINTS The methods used to evaluate telemental health programs are varied and no gold-standard for measurement of success exists. Clinical and non-clinical outcomes are being used to evaluate telemental health programs. More emphasis should be placed on feasibility measures such as cost-effectiveness. Therapeutic alliance should be a crucial part of evaluation of any telemental health program. Longer follow up times and larger sample sizes, as well as more diverse populations, are needed to generalise outcomes. Utilisation of clinical tools to assess success should be limited to standardised measures commonly used in clinical practice.
Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts

1. Silica. Introduction. Principal building blocks and concepts. Structure of SiO 2 . Summary. 2. Metal Oxide-Silica Systems. Introduction. Bulk properties. Activity-composition relationships. Structural models. Summary. 3. Aluminosilicate Systems. Introduction. Aluminum charge-balance. Properties of aluminosilicate melts. Structure of aluminosilicate glasses and melts. Summary. 4. Iron Oxides. Introduction. Structure positions of ferric and ferrous iron in silicate melts. Determination Fe 3+ /SFe. Redox equilibria and melt structure. Relationships between simple and complex systems. Redox equilibria of iron and melt polymerization. Phase equilibria in iron-bearing systems. Physical properties of iron-bearing silicate melts. Summary. 5. Titanium. Introduction. Properties of titanium-bearing systems. Structural role of titanium in melts and glasses. Summary. 6. Phosphorous. Introduction. Properties of phosphorous-bearing systems. Structural role of phosphorous in silicate melts and glasses. Summary. 7. Volatiles. Introduction. Water. Hydrogen. Sulfur. Carbon. Fluorine. Summary. 8. Multicomponent, Complex Systems. Introduction. Data base. Structure of magmatic liquids. Petrological implications. Summary. References. System Index. Subject Index.
Self-stigma in patients with major depressive disorder: An exploratory study from India

Background: One of the barriers to effective care in patients with depression is stigma associated with having a mental disorder, which also acts as a barrier to recovery and increases the disability. Aims: To study the stigma and disabilities experienced by the patients with depressive disorders seeking treatment in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: Fifty patients diagnosed to have depressive disorder as per ICD-10 were recruited by convenient sampling. To measure the stigma, the Discrimination and Stigma Scale -12 was applied. The severity of depression was determined by applying Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). The disability was calculated by using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 Results: Fifty percentages of the participants reported unfair treatment and they experienced discrimination in at least one life domain. There was significant positive correlation between unfair treatment subscale of stigma and disability. Around one fourth of the participants reported to be treated unfairly by their own families. Seventy percent reported to have concealed their mental health problems, 54% have stopped themselves from having a close personal relationship and 32% didn’t apply for work in anticipating discrimination. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were significantly associated with concealing the mental health problem. Conclusion: Stigma due to having depression acts as a barrier to vocational & social integration and functional recovery. Concealment of the diagnosis of depression is itself barrier for help seeking and to receiving appropriate treatment. Small sample size and adopting the purposive sampling method are the limitations of the study.
Brain Oscillatory Activity during Tactile Stimulation Correlates with Cortical Thickness of Intact Areas and Predicts Outcome in Comatose Patients

This study reports a correlation between EEG and structural brain changes in patients after severe traumatic brain injury in a coma. The novelty of our approach was based on the combination of structural visualization (MRI) and functional neuroimaging (EEG) during tactile stimulation. The structural morphometry indicated a decrease of whole-brain cortical thickness, the gray-matter volume of the cortex, and subcortical structures in comatose patients compared to healthy subjects. In resting-state EEG, coma patients had significantly higher power of the slow-wave activity of 2-6 Hz and significantly less power of the alpha and beta rhythm. Importantly, coma patients showed a significant decrease of theta-rhythm power in tactile stimulation compared to the resting state, and this EEG pattern was not found in the control group. The decrease of the theta-rhythm power significantly correlated with the better outcome from a coma. Spectral changes in EEG in response to tactile stimuli showed no association with brain morphometric measures in healthy controls. In patients, decreasing theta-rhythm power correlated positively with the volume of whole-brain gray matter, right putamen, and insula; and negatively with the volume of damaged brain tissue. Increasing beta-rhythm power, specific tactile EEG response for a healthy brain, correlated with the cortical thickness of the somatosensory Paracentral and Precentral area. The observed decrease of gray-matter volume indicates brain atrophy in coma patients, which could be associated with neurodegeneration induced by injury. Our results also demonstrate that slow-wave desynchronization, as a nonspecific response to tactile stimulation, can serve as a sensitive index of morphometric changes after brain injury and coma outcome.
Agriculture-aquaculture transitions on the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, 1972-2017

Recent decades have seen a considerable increase in shrimp aquaculture in tropical and subtropical developing countries. This practice is controversial due to its potential for serious economic, food security, and environmental impacts. Of particular concern is the widespread practice of intensive aquaculture in and near mangrove ecosystems where many shrimp species spawn. However, while considerable effort has been directed toward understanding the effects of aquaculture, consistent and objective estimates of its past and present spatial extent are lacking. This is in part because of the challenge of distinguishing aquaculture ponds (ghers) from other types of standing water using satellite imagery. In this work, we use visible and infrared satellite imagery to map past and present extent of standing water areas on the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD), one of the largest and most expansive areas of recent aquaculture growth on Earth. Spatial extent and expansion of aquaculture on the lower GBD are of particular interest because of the immediate proximity to the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Using MODIS 16-day EVI composites, we characterize the dominant spatiotemporal patterns in vegetation phenology of the area and identify consistent seasonal differences in visible and infrared reflectance between flooded ghers and other land uses. Using this information, we then quantify the expansion of standing water bodies on the GBD over the 45 year span of the Landsat image archive, 1972 – 2017. Considerable nonuniqueness exists in the spectral signature of ghers on the GBD, resulting in uncertainty in estimates of spatial extent. We use a spectral mixture model to estimate extent of standing water bodies with three progressive decision boundaries to explicitly show this uncertainty and provide liberal, moderate, and conservative estimates of flooded gher extent on three different spatial scales. Using this approach of multiple extents and multiple thresholds, we quantify the size distribution of contiguous regions of flooded gher extent at ten year intervals. Applying a moderate threshold, we find the area of standing water bodies within the administrative boundaries of the Bangladeshi polders to have expanded considerably from less than 300 km in 1990 to over 1400 km in 2015. At all three scales investigated, the size distribution of standing water bodies is increasingly dominated by larger, more interconnected networks of flooded areas associated with aquaculture. Much of this expansion has occurred in areas directly adjacent to the Bangladeshi Sundarbans.
Simple Spectral Graph Convolution

neighborhoods of various sizes. Moreover, we show that our design incorporates larger neighborhoods compared to SGC thus coping better with oversmoothing. We explain that limiting over-dominance of the largest neighborhoods in the aggregation step is a desired approach to limit oversmoothing while preserving large context of each node. We also show that in spectral analysis that S 2 GC is a trade-off between the low-and high-pass ﬁlters which leads to capturing the global and local contexts of each node. Moreover, we show how S 2 GC and APPNP (Klicpera et al., 2019a) are related and explain why S 2 GC captures a range of neighborhoods better than APPNP. Our experimental results include node clustering, unsupervised and semi-supervised node classiﬁ-cation, node property prediction and supervised text classiﬁcation. We show that S 2 GC is highly competitive often signiﬁcantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods
Grounding Language to Autonomously-Acquired Skills via Goal Generation

We are interested in the autonomous acquisition of repertoires of skills. Language-conditioned reinforcement learning ( LC - RL ) approaches are great tools in this quest, as they allow to express abstract goals as sets of constraints on the states. However, most LC - RL agents are not autonomous and cannot learn without ex-ternal instructions and feedback. Besides, their direct language condition cannot account for the goal-directed behavior of pre-verbal infants and strongly limits the expression of behavioral diversity for a given language input. To resolve these issues, we propose a new conceptual approach to language-conditioned RL : the Language-Goal-Behavior architecture ( LGB ). LGB decouples skill learning and language grounding via an intermediate semantic representation of the world. To showcase the properties of LGB , we present a speciﬁc implementation called DECSTR . DECSTR is an intrinsically motivated learning agent endowed with an innate semantic representation describing spatial relations between physical objects. In a ﬁrst stage ( G → B ), it freely explores its environment and targets self-generated semantic conﬁgurations. In a second stage ( L → G ), it trains a language-conditioned goal generator to generate semantic goals that match the constraints expressed in language-based inputs. We showcase the additional properties of LGB w.r. t. both an end-to-end LC - RL approach and a similar approach leveraging non-semantic, continuous intermediate representations. Intermediate semantic representations help satisfy language commands in a diversity of ways, enable strategy switching after a failure and facilitate language grounding.
Pricing and Efficient Public Transport Supply in a Mobility as a Service Context

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is widely expected to make sustainable transport choices more attractive. New approaches to ticketing will be a core part of MaaS, both to attract users and fund services. The associated pricing decisions will be a matter of public policy as much as business objectives, because they can have large social welfare effects. This paper describes options for different pricing structures and their relative efficiency. It considers the potential impact that differing objectives of public and privately-owned transport providers might have on pricing decisions. It concludes with an assessment of the possible effects of Covid-19 on the MaaS market.
O C ] 1 0 A pr 2 01 7 A study of the Bienstock-Zuckerberg algorithm ∗ Applications in Mining and Resource Constrained Project Scheduling

We study a Lagrangian decomposition algorithm recently proposed by Dan Bienstock and Mark Zuckerberg for solving the LP relaxation of a class of open pit mine project scheduling problems. In this study we show that the BienstockZuckerberg (BZ) algorithm can be used to solve LP relaxations corresponding to a much broader class of scheduling problems, including the well-known Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP), and multi-modal variants of the RCPSP that consider batch processing of jobs. We present a new, intuitive proof of correctness for the BZ algorithm that works by casting the BZ algorithm as a column generation algorithm. This analysis allows us to draw parallels with the well-known Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition (DW) algorithm. We discuss practical computational techniques for speeding up the performance of the BZ and DW algorithms on project scheduling problems. Finally, we present computational experiments independently testing the effectiveness of the BZ and DW algorithms on different sets of publicly available test instances. Our computational experiments confirm that the BZ algorithm significantly outperforms the DW algorithm for the problems considered. Our computational experiments also show that the proposed speed-up techniques can have a significant impact on the solve time. We provide some insights on what might be explaining this significant difference in performance.
Generating and Characterizing Scenarios for Safety Testing of Autonomous Vehicles

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing scenarios using a state-of-the-art driving simulator. For any scenario, our method generates a set of possible driving paths and identifies all the possible safe driving trajectories that can be taken starting at different times, to compute metrics that quantify the complexity of the scenario. We use our method to characterize real driving data from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project, as well as adversarial scenarios generated in simulation. We rank the scenarios by defining metrics based on the complexity of avoiding accidents and provide insights into how the AV could have minimized the probability of incurring an accident. We demonstrate a strong correlation between the proposed metrics and human intuition.
Thermal Fluctuations in Fluid Membranes 8.334 Final Project

A brief review of mean field theory and differential geometry concepts to introduce models for (fluid) elastic membranes and their fluctuations from nearly-flat or curved zero-temperature configurations. For fluid membranes the bending rigidity and other couplings are only renormalized with the inclusion of nonlinear elastic effects, causing the membrane to become less rigid in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Certain geometrical configurations of the membranes are also found to be unstable to thermal fluctuations, resulting in fragmentation of the membrane into smaller, stable structures. Experiments and simulations inform the relevance of terms in our models, reveal the end products of fluctuation-induced fragmentation, and inspire questions and potential applications for fluid membranes in biology and materials.
Statistical Modelling of Downside Risk Spillovers

We study the sensitivity of stock returns to the tail risk of major equity market indices, including the G10 countries. We model the sensitivity relationship via extreme downside hedging and estimate the parameters via a Bayesian graph structural learning method. The empirical application examines whether downside risk connections among the major stock markets are merely anecdotal or provide a signal of contagion and the nature of sensitivity among major equity markets during the global financial crisis and the coronavirus pandemic. The result showed that the COVID-19 crisis recorded the historically highest spike in the downside risk interconnectedness among the major equity market indices, suggesting higher financial market vulnerability in the coronavirus pandemic than during the global financial crisis.
Traitement sous rayonnement ionisant de mélanges amidon-lignine et de leurs modèles : étude et quantification des modifications induites.

This work was part of the LignoStarch ANR CP2D Project aimed at understanding the radiation-induced processes and mechanisms in thermoplastic starch – lignin mixture at the molecular level. Starch has the advantage of being biodegradable and agriculture based renewable resource that can be converted into a thermoplastic material with or without any additive. Lignin and its derivatives are good candidates for reducing the water sensitivity of starch based materials; however being hydrophobic in nature they are not compatible with the polysaccharides. Electron Beam radiation has been proposed as an efficient method for modifying the starch lignin blends and creating covalent linkages between the two constituents for improved blend stability. Previous studies as part of the Project have shown that the mechanical properties of the irradiated blends can be positively modified by choosing an appropriate blend composition. For a better understanding of how the properties of the blend can be tailored, an understanding of the radiation-induced processes was carried out using model blends comprising maltodextrin and different aromatic compounds having structural features of lignin monomers. The blends were analyzed using SEC, NMR, and MALDI-TOF for placing in evidence the phenomenon of radiation-induced grafting to compete with chain scission in presence of the aromatic additives. The quantification of the radiochemical yields of scission G(s) and crosslinking G(x) were carried out using the blends of pullulan polysaccharide as a function of varying amounts of aromatic additive in the blend. The methods of calculation exploited here are based on the study of radiation-induced molecular mass changes before the formation of gel as proposed by Saito and the quantification of sol-gel content for formulations resulting in gel as proposed by the Charlesby-Pinner method. The condition of gel formation G(s) < 4 G(x) is found to be valid for a certain minimum quantity of aromatic additive for high applied doses.Keywords: Starch, Lignin, Maltodextrin, Pullulan, Lignin-like Monomers (Aromatic Additives), Scission, Crosslinking, Grafting, Electron Beam, Radiochemical yields of Scission G(s) and Crosslinking G(x), Saito Method, Charlesby-Pinner Method.