Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rural Income Dynamics in Post-Crisis Indonesia

Indonesia is, what the World Development Report 2008 calls, a transforming country characterized by increasing rural-urban income disparities and high poverty rates. Bearing these facts in mind, it is striking how little is known about causes and mechanism of the underlying determinants of poverty in rural Indonesia. In this study we aim to shed more light on the determinants of rural incomes and poverty in Indonesia. Drawing on a unique and highly detailed rural household panel data set for Central Sulawesi we investigate what are the drivers of rural income growth. Moreover, exploiting the panel structure of our data set we are able to control explicitly for individual- and time-specific effects and for endogeneity issues in our estimations. In addition, in order to identify whether our findings might hold lessons for all of Indonesia, we upscale our analysis to the national level by comparing our results with the national household data survey SUSENAS. Our results indicate that a sharp increase in rural incomes took place in the post-crisis period. Moreover, the ability to alleviate poverty and to enjoy income growth has been strongly associated with a household's ability to diversify into the non-farm sector of the economy, to focus on higher value-added agricultural activities and its ability to invest into new production techniques. These results seem to hold for most of rural Indonesia and are robust to various model specifications.
The Role of Social Media Browsing Intention for Behavioral Outcomes of Young Consumers

Purpose – This research study attempts to analyze the online shopping orientation of high-school students through social media and the mediating effects of social media browsing intention on the relationship between shopping orientation and electronic word of mouth. The authors specifically investigated the effect of hypothesized variables, including hedonic and utilitarian motivation, social media browsing intention, word of mouth, and purchase intention. Design/Methodology/Approach – Data were collected from senior high-school students. The total sample of 191 senior high-school students was used to test the research model. A conceptual model was proposed to illustrate the relationships between online shopping orientation and social media browsing intention, and how word of mouth influences purchase intention. Findings and implications – Research results indicate that specific aspects of behavioral orientation, that is, utilitarian and hedonic motivations, have a significantly positive impact on user intention to browse products on social media. Social media browsing intention is linked in a significantly positive manner with word of mouth. Additionally, the mediation analysis approach showed that social media browsing intention mediates the relationship between online shopping orientation and electronic word of mouth. Limitations – One shortfall of the study was its narrow scope. The conceptual framework of the research was tested on senior high-school students. This limited sampling frame may affect the generalization of findings. Originality – This paper provides valuable insights to marketers of the attitude of young online shoppers towards social media sites and their browsing activity. Moreover, a potential mediating process of browsing intention has received no attention to date. Addressing this, the current study tests a conceptual model that shows how shopping orientation ultimately leads to word of mouth through a mediating chain of social media browsing intention.
Amplification of the active site of BnLIP3 gene of Brassica napus L. during germination.

Lipases are useful enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides and play an important role in plant growth. In this study, we report a rapid molecular method to amplify a partial sequence of the lipase class 3 family designated BnLIP3 gene of Brassica napus L. in order to follow its expression and analyze its role during seed germination. Therefore, we conceived PCR homologous primers to amplify the active site encoding region of the BnLIP3 family genes. Subsequently, to sequence determination of the 582 bp fragment, we deduced BnLIP3 specific primers for a nested RTPCR application. The deduced 194 amino acid sequence (Genbank 1160264) was found to share 85% of identity with lipase from Arabidopsis thaliana class 3 family. The GxSxG consensus motif near the catalytic triad at the active serine site was also identified. The peptidic sequence showed little homology with mammalian and microbial lipases. RT-PCR analysis indicated that BnLIP3 gene was expressed during B. napus seed germination. Keywords : Brassica napus L. , GxSxG lipase, germination, BnLIP3 , RT-PCR. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(25), pp. 3905-3913
REFORESTATION OF RED SPRUCE (PICEA RUBENS) ON THE CHEAT MOUNTAIN RANGE, WEST VIRGINIA

The Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi) is a federally endangered species that relies heavily on red spruce (Picea rubens) for habitat. P. rubens communities on the Cheat Mountain range in West Virginia have been disturbed by fires and logging, and regeneration of P. rubens stands are central to the survival of P. nettingi. A supervised and unsupervised landscape classification of three Landsat images over the past 26 years was conducted to analyze change in P. rubens communities on the Cheat Mountain range. Change detection results revealed that from 1986-2012 P. rubens stands had a growth increase of 52%, 18% loss, and 29% stayed the same over the last 26 years. P. rubens stands are vital habitat to the federally endangered P. nettingi and regrowth of P. rubens is vital in restoring a healthy population of the salamander on the Cheat Mountain range.
How Does Stock Prices Respond to Various Macroeconomic Factors? A Case Study of Pakistan

Over the time everything flourished, at the same token the interrelationship among the stock market prices, returns and macroeconomic factors got attendance of the researchers in the field of finance and economics around the world. In this respect current study is an attempt to investigate the response of various macroeconomic factors (GDP, Money Supply, inflation, exchange rate and Size of firm) toward stock market prices in case of Karachi stock exchange over a period of 1971 to 2012. The study utilizes Autoregressive Distributed lag model (ARDL) technique. The results shows that in long run each factor significantly contribute to the stock price while in shot run some factors were significant while some were not but the error correction term shows significant convergence toward equilibrium. The findings of study suggest that for smoothness of stock market the current factors must be targeted.
Contrasting interactions mediate dissolved organic matter decomposition in tropical aquatic ecosystems

The interaction between photochemical and microbial degradation processes can have important effects on dissolved organic matter (DOM) decomposition in aquatic systems. Photochem- ical processes can stimulate or inhibit biological DOM degradation while biological processes often stimulate photochemical degradation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether these 2 degradation processes compete for the same organic substrates or use complementary components in 2 tropical systems with contrasting DOM sources (one dominated by humic, mostly terrigenous DOM and the other dominated by autochthonous phytoplankton production). We performed sequential exposures of DOM from both systems to photochemical or biological degradation. We then measured bacterial growth and respiration and photochemical oxygen consumption in addition to changes in DOM optical properties. In the humic lagoon, photochemical degradation stimulated bacterial degra- dation up to 500% with little complementary photochemical stimulation by bacterial degradation (an increase of only 13%). In the eutrophic lagoon, we found that photochemical degradation inhibited bacterial degradation 17%, suggesting competition with microbial substrates, while bacterial degra- dation had no effect on photochemical degradation. The net effect of these eutrophic lagoon interac- tions was a ca. 2% reduction in dissolved organic carbon degradation. Thus, we conclude that there was net complementary behavior between photochemical and bacterial processes in the humic lagoon in DOM degradation, while we observed little net competitive behavior in the eutrophic lagoon.
The human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) Rev-binding protein ( HRB ) is a co-factor for HIV-1 Nef-mediated CD 4 downregulation

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-mediated CD4 downregulation is an important determinant of viral replication in vivo. Research on cellular co-factors involved in this process could lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. We found that CD4 surface levels were significantly higher in HIV-1-infected cells knocked-down for the HIV Rev-binding protein (HRB) compared with control cells. HRB knock-down affected CD4 downregulation induced by Nef but not by HIV-1 Vpu. Interestingly, the knock-down of the related protein HRBL (HRB-like), but not of the HRB interaction partner EPS15 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15), increased CD4 levels in Vpu-expressing cells significantly. Both of these proteins are known to be involved in HIV-1-mediated CD4 downregulation as co-factors of HIV1 Nef. These results identify HRB as a previously unknown co-factor for HIV-1 Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation and highlight differences with the related protein HRBL, which affects the CD4 downregulation in a dual role as co-factor of both HIV-1 Nef and Vpu. Received 23 July 2015 Accepted 18 December 2015
ffect of the disorder in graphene grain boundaries : A wave packet ynamics study

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu foil is one of the most promising methods to produce graphene samples despite of introducing numerous grain boundaries into the perfect graphene lattice. A rich variety of GB structures can be realized experimentally by controlling the parameters in the CVD method. Grain boundaries contain non-hexagonal carbon rings (4, 5, 7, 8 membered rings) and vacancies in various ratios and arrangements. Using wave packet dynamic (WPD) simulations and tight-binding electronic
A GIS–Integrated Wireless Sensors Network Tool for Water Risk Monitoring – Case of Khanh Hoa Water Supply and Sewerage Company, Vietnam

This paper investigates the feasibility of deploying a wireless sensor network (WSN) to monitor raw water quality at 2 major water treatment plants (WTPs) sites, operated by the The Khanh Hoa Water Supply and Sewerage Company (KHAWASSCO) in Vietnam: Canh Vo and Xuan Canh on the Cai River. The main aim is to propose a WSN for both WTPs which includes 2 clusters of sensors with 4 nodes each in order to monitor various parameters of water quality. Data management is integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) tool in order to provide a comprehensive spatio-temporal database in real time. This will assist decision makers in improving the management of the raw water quality at Cai River.
CHARACTERIZATION OF METALLOPROTEINS

Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) and pulse Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) experiments are considered to be two cornerstones of pulse EPR spectroscopy. These techniques are typically used to obtain the static spin Hamiltonian parameters of powders, frozen solutions, and single crystals. The development of new methods based on these two effects is mainly driven by the need for higher resolution, and therefore, a more accurate estimation of the magnetic parameters. In this chapter, we describe the inner workings of ESEEM and pulse ENDOR experiments as well as the latest developments aimed at resolution and sensitivity enhancement. The advantages and limitations of these techniques are demonstrated through examples found in the literature, with an emphasis on systems of biological relevance.
Results of the largest residential demand management program in Australia

This paper provides details and the results of an evaluation study carried out on the largest residential demand management program in Australia, the Sydney Water Corporation (SWC) ‘Every Drop Counts’ (EDC) residential retrofit program. The evaluation measured the water savings of program participants and compared them to a control group. Savings of 20.9 ± 2.5 kilolitres per household per annum (kL/hh/a) were found from statistical analysis of water meter readings of the sample of single residential households analysed. These individual savings effectively provide SWC with a potential total saving of 3,344 ± 400 megalitres per annum (ML/a) for the single residential houses retrofitted alone, i.e. 80% of the 200,000 households retrofitted to date. The evaluation identified that no ‘decay’ in average savings were found over the maximum four year period assessed. Other factors evaluated during the study included: analysis of individual water efficiency measures; comparison of savings with other evaluations; and savings related to occupancy ratio, geographical grouping, income category and defined socioeconomic categories.
Effects of Military-Based Relationships on Spousal Intimacy: An Analysis of PTSD Symptomology

Past research of military families has focused on the effects of war on the domicile unit rather than asking why such effects are present. One of the social support systems that potentially influences the development and course of PTSD is the “Battle Buddy;” a comrade during phases of training and combat. The research question that is most interesting is “How does the presence of a Battle Buddy affect the marital intimacy and support? ” The present study asked returning veterans enrolled in central Minnesota college courses to respond to a plethora of surveys inquiring about their Battle Buddy relationships and their intimate relationships. A milieu of statistical tests was used to determine their relationships and to better understand this population and their relationships. The statistical findings did not confirm the author’s original hypotheses. As it pertains to the research question of the present study, it appears that the presence of a Battle Buddy in the life of a veteran as indicated by the results of the multiple-regression models increases a veteran’s intimacy with their partner. The greatest limitation of this study is the small sample size. Future studies should replicate this study with a larger sample size to include more variables in order to further explain the connection between a Battle Buddy and spousal intimacy in the life of a returning veteran. Key Terms: The term soldier and veteran are those members of the armed forces who are either actively serving or discharged. “Spouse” refers to the intimate partner or husband/wife of the soldier or veteran. Marital support refers to the degree that the veteran is actively seeking support (social, therapeutic, etc.) from their partner. Intimacy refers to the degree of perceived closeness in an intimate relationship. Battle Buddy refers to the military relationship between the soldier and another member of the armed forces. Perceived social support refers to the degree in which the veteran feels supported by another/others in his life.
Towards assessing student gains in systems thinking during engineering design

Ultimately, as design educators we want to train our students to consider their world holistically such that they may recognize the interconnected elements of a system as well as synthesize and apply their engineering knowledge effectively when faced with new engineering challenges. The overarching goal of this research is to design both an assessment instrument and an assessment method to assess engineering students’ ability to use systems thinking rather than recitation of memorized law or theorem. Toward this goal, the Systems Assessment Test (SysTest) is presented as an instrument for measuring systems thinking. Preliminary assessment measures for the instrument are presented along with results from an application during a sophomore design course where students taught functional modeling were compared to students taught function enumeration. The analysis demonstrates promise that the students taught functional modeling versus only being taught enumeration are using more of a systems thinking approach when approaching the SysTest design problem.
Phylogeography and population genetics of Macronycteris commersonii s.s. (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae), an endemic Malagasy bat

Macronycteris commersonii (Hipposideridae), a bat species endemic to Madagascar, is widespread across the island, utilising open woodland, degraded habitats, and forested areas from sea level to 1325 m. We investigated the fine-scale phylogeographic history and relationships of populations occurring in the western half of the island using sequence data from two mitochondrial DNA regions and extensive geographical sampling. Our results indicated a highly supported monophyletic group of M. commersonii, in which the Northern Madagascar Clade C formed a single monophyletic clade. The most recent common ancestor of M. commersonii was dated to 0.82 million years ago (mid-Pleistocene). Population expansion events were inferred for Clade B from approximately 130,000 to 70,000 years BP. Bayesian clustering and AMOVA analyses inferred week population genetic structure and sequence data indicated that genetic subdivisions do not support an isolation-by-distance model. Lineage dispersal, genetic divergence, and expansion events of M. commersonii were likely to be associated with Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Our data suggested that the northern and the central western regions of Madagascar may have acted as refugia for this species during periods of cooler and drier climate conditions associated with the Pleistocene.
Development of a simplified protocol for in vitro propagation of a valuable medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica Linn. through nodal explants found in Odisha, India

An efficient and economic protocol for rapid in vitro propagation using nodal explants obtained from 2 year old, field grown medicinal plants of Plumbago zeylanica L. belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae was successfully achieved from the nodal segments. Shoot development was maximum (95%) on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6- Benzyl amino purine (BAP) (2.0 mg/l), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.5 mg/l) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1.0 mg/l) with (19.56±0.04) mean number of shoots per explants and the maximum shoot length was found to be (4.98±0.87). Rooting of the differentiated shoots was achieved in MS medium with triple auxins combination of α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.5 mg/l), IAA (1.5 mg/l) and IBA (2.0 mg/l) with (18.54±0.09) mean number of roots per shoots and the mean root length was found to be (7.63±0.83). Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimated in the green house and after a hardening period of 4 weeks 100% transplantation success was achieved under the natural condition. The plantlets derived through in vitro propagation mimic the morphological characteristics of the donor plants taken for the present investigation.
Output Diversification among Small-Scale Hillside Farmers in El Salvador

In this study the authors analyze the degree of output diversification (anything produced in the farm that is not a subsistence crop, i.e., corn or beans) among 520 hillside farmers in El Salvador. Techniques were employed to construct a comparison group that resembles the treatment group based on observed characteristics while statistical controls were applied to measure differences on diversification for the treatment group at two points in time (2002 and 2005) and between the treatment and comparison groups at a given point in time (2005), allowing for before-after and with-without comparisons. The outcome of the study showed that overall, more diversified farm plans are positively associated with farm size, schooling, participation in communal organizations, and with the frequency of extension visits, which captures the PAES intervention. Also, farmers involved with PAES have significantly increased the number of agricultural activities in their farms between 2002 and 2005.
The Inspiration of CDIO Engineering Education Mode to University Physics Experiment Teaching

CDIO engineering education mode is the latest achievement of international engineering education reform in recent years. This paper quote the CDIO engineering education idea to the university physics experiment teaching, as the experimental project for guider, emphasize learning by doing, assign different tasks to students in the form of group cooperation, take the product research and development to run the system’s four life cycle: conceive, design, implement and operate as the experimental process. Students conceive experiment plan firstly; then design and put forward the experimental method; lastly students start to carry out the plan and analyze data or processing. The process let students learn how to learn by practice, improve the enthusiasm of learning. The process pays more attention to the student’s ability development. The results indicate that the cultivated students have the ability of solving practical problems, communication, teamwork and innovating knowledge. Keywords—CDIO theory; CDIO engineering education mode; statistic figure; physical experiment teaching; the new relationship between teachers and students
AUGMENTED MOVEMENT STRATEGIES FOR POSTURAL CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 3: A CASECONTROL STUDY

This study investigated the movement strategies for postural control in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). Methods: This case-control study enrolled 5 patients with SCA3 (aged 41 to 51 years) and 5 healthy participants group-matched by age, body mass and body height. Participants performed 3 trials lasting 30 s each of postural tasks characterized by: feet apart or together; eyes open or closed. Center of pressure (CoP) data was quantifed using three-dimensional (3D: number of high-density and high-speed regions, average and maximal distances among regions), two-dimensional (2D: elliptical area, average velocity) and one-dimensional (1D: standard deviation, velocity) parameters. Results: Analysis of variance revealed signifcant interaction ei¬€ect between group * task for 1D ( F 12,238 =3.496, p <0.001), 2D ( F 6,184 =11.472, p <0.001), and 3D parameters ( F 12,238 =2.543, p =0.004). Signifcant univariate ei¬€ects for postural task were observed for all parameters, with higher body sway values under visual and biomechanical constraints,either separated or combined. Conclusions: Patients with SCA3 presented augmented movement strategiescompared with healthy subjects, characterized by increasing body sway under more demanding biomechanical and/or visual constraints. Three-dimensional kinematic mapping revealed either random movement strategies or a unique movement strategy characterized by a stochastic CoP distribution, with high CoP speed to correct for large body sway deviations.