Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Frozen Storage on Antioxidant Capacity, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, and Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Color of Pawpaw Pulp.

WANG, GAI, M.S., August 2013, Food and Nutrition Sciences Effect of Frozen Storage on Antioxidant Capacity, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, and Phenolic and Flavonoids Content and Color of Pawpaw Pulp Director of Thesis: Robert G. Brannan This thesis compared the concentration of total phenolics and total flavonoid of pulp extract from two different packaged pawpaw pulp samples, and also compared the antioxidant capacity of pawpaw pulp extract at two different packaged sample in three different assays 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The frozen pawpaw pulp was stored in vacuum packaging and in air packaging for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 months, respectively, before it was put into frozen storage. Next, the concentration of total phenolics and total flavonoid with air packaged, ascorbic acid treatment with air package and N-acetylcysteine treatment with air packaged were compared. Furthermore, the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and color value (L*, a*, b*) at vacuum packaged, air packaged, ascorbic acid treatment with air packaged and Nacetylcysteine (NAC) treatment with air packaged were compared as well. Total phenolics were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and reported as μmol gallic acid equivalent, and total flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically using flavonoid rutin as a standard and reported as μmol rutin equivalent. From this research, both packaging and storage time could significantly affect total phenolics level, but only storage time not packaging could significantly affect total flavonoid level. In 4 addition, the study showed that both storage time and packaging could significantly affect antioxidant capacity at three different assays. Furthermore, the results obtained from the comparison of chemical treatment (ascorbic acid and NAC) of frozen pawpaw pulp and air storage frozen pawpaw pulp, showed that PPO has a significant effect on total phenolics, total flavonoids and color value (L*, a*, b*). In conclusion, these results indicated that antioxidant contents and antioxidant capacity are affected by packaging and storage, and PPO could affect antioxidant contents and color value as well.
Effective Disposal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Waste: A Note to the Health Care Professional

The current appraisal aims to educate and give valuable information about disposal methods adopted in hospitals and health sectors. Many healthcare departments like microbiology labs, pharma industries, medical agencies, healthcare sectors all produce waste which usually contains unsafe materials that should not be exposed untreated to the atmosphere. In these health sectors, many types of wastes are separated as lab debris, chemical, and biological waste. These waste are rich in contaminants and pathogenic microbes which will be more lethal if they are not properly disposed of. The authors describe the various wastes and the definite discarding process to minimize costs and impact on the surroundings. Presently many of these sector professionals have some difficulty in disposal, these issues can be overcome by the systematic and easy plan described by the authors. Specific treatment must be required for this waste before they disposed off. This waste must be washed before introducing them into a particular disposable discard. Medical waste can be disposed of thoroughly as they contain infectious or non-infectious microorganisms. Biological and pharmaceutical waste must be disposed of, to prevent environmental hazards. Among the various approaches adopted for the disposing of these waste includes incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection, ignitability, etc. are popularly adopted. Each particular waste can be disposed of in a specific manner. The authors succeed in bringing the systematic approach in the disposal of waste in health care units and concludes that proper disposal is important to reduce the contamination and pollution of the environment and maintain a healthy atmosphere.
Toward Many Emerging Adulthoods: A Theory-Based Examination of the Features of Emerging Adulthood for Cross-Systems Youth

Although it is widely acknowledged that emerging adulthood is experienced differently by various groups, few studies have directly examined the theoretical features of emerging adulthood in vulnerable subpopulations of low-income young people in the United States. This study addressed this gap by exploring the salience of the five features proposed in emerging adulthood theory—identity exploration, instability, feeling in-between, sense of self-focus, and optimism for the future—for cross-systems youth. Two samples from prior qualitative studies of young people age 18–24 who had experienced homelessness, child welfare involvement, and/or educational disadvantage were combined for the analysis (N = 50). We noted important divergences and nuances in the ways in which the theoretical features resonated with the sample. For example, most participants sought financial stability and independence, rather than identity and career exploration. The findings speak to the importance of further research to establish features of emerging adulthood in diverse populations.
A Four-Phase Current-Fed Push–Pull DAB Converter for Wide-Voltage-Range Applications

In this article, a four-phase current-fed push–pull dual active bridge converter is proposed for applications requiring high power and a wide-voltage range. In addition to the conventional advantages of a small filter inductor, a small clamp capacitor, and low current stress in the primary switches due to the effect of four-phase interleaving, the proposed converter has a low total rms current of switches when operating at a wide-voltage range compared with the existing two- and three-phase converters. Also, the proposed converter was shown to be capable of the complete ZVS turn-on of all switches under a wide duty cycle range of 0.25–0.75 in both power-flow directions when small auxiliary inductors were added. A balanced four-phase transformer structure is proposed not only to cancel the dc-flux offset caused by the dc component of the primary winding current but also to reduce the core volume, footprint, and height of the transformer compared with the separated-core transformer. The experimental results from a 15-kW prototype are provided to validate the proposed concepts. The converter achieved a peak efficiency of 98% and maintained high efficiency when operated at a wide-voltage range.
New distributional record of the deep pugnosepony fish, SecutorIndicius (Monkolprasit, 1973) (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) from Jakhau coast, Gujarat

1 Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara – 390002, Gujarat, India. 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara – 390002, Gujarat, India. 3 Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, RiBhoi – 793101, Meghalaya, India. Corresponding Author: mailtokjsarma@gmail.com
Social Bots As an Instrument of Influence in Social Networks: Typologization Problems

Nowadays, in the field of social bots investigations, we can observe a new research trend — a shift from a technology-centered to sociology-centered interpretations. It leads to the creation of new perspectives for sociology: now the phenomenon of social bots is not only considered as one of the efficient manipulative technologies but has a wider meaning: new communicative technologies have an informational impact on the social networks space. The objective of this research is to assess the new approaches of the established social bots typologies (based on the fields of their usage, objectives, degree of human behavior imitation), and also consider the ambiguity and controversy of the use of such typologies using the example of botnets operating in the VKontakte social network. A method of botnet identification is based on comprehensive methodology developed by the authors which includes the frequency analysis of published messages, botnet profiling, statistical analysis of content, analysis of botnet structural organization, division of content into semantic units, forming content clusters, content analysis inside the clusters, identification of extremes — maximum number of unique texts published by botnets in a particular cluster for a certain period. The methodology was applied for the botnet space investigation of Russian online social network VKontakte in February and October 2018. The survey has fixed that among 10 of the most active performing botnets, three botnets were identified that demonstrate the ambiguity and controversy of their typologization according to the following criteria: botnet “Defrauded shareholders of LenSpetsStroy” — according to the field of their usage, botnet “Political news in Russian and Ukrainian languages” — according to their objectives, botnet “Ksenia Sobchak” — according to the level of human behavior imitation. The authors identified the prospects for sociological analysis of different types of bots in a situation of growing accessibility and routinization of bot technologies used in social networks. Keywords: social bots, botnets, classification, VKontakte social network
Reliability Analysis of Dependent Systems using Copula Bayesian Networks: A Case Study

The Bayesian Network (BN) is a technique that utilizes updating, adapting and discrete-time-based analysis properties for system reliability analysis. Although the BN is a powerful technique, it still faces the challenge of modelling non-linear complex correlations of process components. This paper presents a Copula Bayesian Network (CBN) model to address challenge of modeling non-linear relationships. The superiority of the CBN model lies in integrating the advantage of Copula functions in modelling complex dependent structures with the cause-effect relationship reasoning of process variables using BN. Application of the CBN model is illustrated through a detailed reliability analysis of an example mud pump system. The results reveal the influence of different types of Copula functions and different parameters on the system reliability.
Antifungal ability of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against Curvularia lunata causing leaf spot of rice

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a white muscardine fungus has widely drawn attention of crop protection practitioners as potential biocontrol agent against insect-pests since decades. In the present study, antagonistic potential of 53 native isolates of B. bassiana were evaluated against Curvularia lunata causing leaf spot as well as seed borne disease of rice. Results showed that all B. bassiana isolates were able to inhibit mycelial growth of C. lunata to the extent of 50-63.33% through varied mechanisms viz., competition and diffusible non-volatile metabolites. However, potential isolates of B. bassiana also exhibited inhibition of mycelial growth of C. lunata to the maximum up to 67.78% through release of volatile inhibitory metabolites. These findings provide substantial evidences on multifarious potential of B. bassiana as plant disease antagonist in addition to a potential entomopathogen, thus paves the way of a newer domain in the arena of crop protection.
Deep Thiol-ene Photopolymerization Using Upconversion Nanoparticle-assisted Photochemistry

Thiol-ene photopolymerization has been a versatile tool for polymer synthesis. However, deep photopolymerization of the thiol-ene system still remains a great challenge due to the light-intensity gradient. Using near-infrared light as an excitation source and upconversion nanoparticles as internal lamps, we report a generic and efficient strategy to realize deep thiol-ene photopolymerization. More than 8 cm of photopolymerization depth combined with high functionality conversion was obtained in 40 s. The maximum temperature of about 110 °C during upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-assisted photopolymerization is comparable to or lower than that of some reported frontal photopolymerizations applied in the preparation of functional polymer composites and biomaterials.
All-Optical Signal Processing of Vortex Beams with Diffractive Deep Neural Networks

Vortex beams (VBs), possessing a helical phase front and carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), have attracted considerable attention in optical communications for their mode orthogonality. A platform for achieving all-optical signal processing of VBs, however, remains elusive due to the limited light-field-manipulation capability. We introduce diffractive deep neural networks (${\mathrm{D}}^{2}$NNs) and their applications to process VBs. Exploiting the multiple-light-field-modulation ability of multilayer diffraction structures and the strong data-processing capability of deep neural networks, we reveal that ${\mathrm{D}}^{2}$NNs can manipulate multiple VBs by configuring the phase and amplitude distribution of diffractive screens. The diffraction efficiency and converted-mode purity are greater than 96%. After being trained, ${\mathrm{D}}^{2}$NNs with functions of hybrid-OAM-mode generation, identification, and conversion are obtained, and three typical types of all-optical signal-processing communication, (OAM-shift keying (OAM-SK), OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing, and OAM-mode switching) are successfully achieved. Our simulation results provide an approach that breaks the limitations of poor functionality and complex design in processing VBs, introducing the ${\mathrm{D}}^{2}$NN as a universal light-field-modulation platform.
Evapotranspiration and yield components of soybean

Observation was conducted to determine the impact of water deprivation under flowering on the yield components of soybean at Keszthely, in the growing seasons between 2017 and 2018. The soybean represents an artificial ecosystem in this study. Three water levels designated as full watering in traditionally operated evapotranspirometer (ET), water withdrawal under crop flowering in modified evapotranspirometer (RO), and rainfed (P) crops were used. In RO treatments, the crops received half of the water based on the amount of unlimited water supply. Irrespective of variety, the highest water uses were obtained in ET, while the lowest ones were observed in RO over both growing seasons. Surprisingly, in spite of different variety standards provided by the crop breeders, and irrespective to water supply, no significant impact in actual evapotranspiration rate, ETa, between the two varieties was observed. Significant impact in soybean water losses between the treatments was observed in RO as compared to the evapotranspiration of crops with unlimited watering.
Agreement With Pediatric Suprapatellar Bursa Effusion Assessments by Point-of-Care Ultrasound After Remote Training

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background The ease of instruction for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to detect suprapatellar bursa (SPB) effusions in pediatric patients is unknown. Considering in person limitations because of the coronavirus pandemic, strategies for POCUS education by remote learning are necessary. Methods We crafted a 90-minute didactic training that was presented via a remote learning format. The main outcome of interest was the interobserver reliability of SPB effusion assessment by novice sonologists compared with POCUS faculty. Novice sonologists were pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows. Pediatric emergency medicine fellows interpreted longitudinal SPB examinations obtained in our pediatric emergency department from July 2013 to June 2020. Assessments were performed 2 months after the remote training. Pediatric emergency medicine fellows had a limited experience performing these musculoskeletal scans and were blinded to POCUS faculty and each other's assessments. Interobserver reliability was assessed with Cohen κ coefficient. Second, we calculated test characteristics of knee radiography compared with PEM POCUS faculty determination of SPB effusion by ultrasound. We further explored how effusion size measured by POCUS impacted the diagnosis by knee radiography. A receiver operator characteristic curve of knee radiography diagnosis of SPB effusion was created using the maximal height of SPB effusion by POCUS as the predictor variable. Results A total of 116 SPB scans in 71 patients were assessed. From this group, 70 scans were of affected knees and 46 scans were of contralateral, asymptomatic knees. The mean age of patients was 10 years and 46% were girl. The prevalence of SPB effusions was 42%. The κ coefficients between the 3 novice sonologists and POCUS faculty were 0.75 (0.62–0.87), 0.77 (0.65–0.89), and 0.83 (0.72–0.93) with 88%, 89%, and 91% agreement. Knee radiography exhibited an overall sensitivity of 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46–79%), specificity of 84% (95% CI, 60–97%), negative predictive value of 55% (95% CI, 43–66%), and positive predictive value of 88% (95% CI, 73–96%) to diagnose SPB effusions. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.850. With an SPB height cutoff of 4 mm as true positives, radiography had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 83%. Conclusions After a remote teleconference didactic session, PEM fellows were able to successfully diagnose SPB effusions using a longitudinal view with substantial interobserver reliability. Knee radiography exhibited limited sensitivity to rule out SPB effusions.
Methods of analyzing isolated and ducted fixed-pitch propellers under non-axial inflow conditions

Currently, a growing interest for the propulsion of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be recognized. To adress this, small-scale fixed-pitched propellers are analyzed in this work, both in isolated and ducted configurations. Due to their flight envelope, UAVs are likely to operate at highly inclined inflow conditions and even under reversed inflow, having a major influence on the flow field around a propeller. In order to investigate this influence, all analyses are performed at a range of inflow angles from αdisc = 0° to 180° relative to the propeller axis. This paper employs different numerical techniques and compares them regarding their capability of showing the influence of non-axial inflow on propeller configurations. Wind tunnel experiments are performed measuring the forces and visualizing the flow field with PIV as well as steady and unsteady RANS simulations are applied to study details of the flow field.
Design and Implementation of a Highly Scalable, Low-Cost Distributed Traffic Violation Enforcement System in Phuket, Thailand

The number of global road traffic accidents is rising every year and remains undesirably high. One of the main reasons for this trend is that, in many countries, road users violate road safety regulations and traffic laws. Despite improvements in road safety legislation, enforcement is still a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Information technology solutions have emerged for automated traffic enforcement systems in the last decade. They have been tested on a small scale, but until now, the cost of deployment of these systems is generally too high for nation-wide adoption in low- and middle-income countries that need them the most. We present the architectural design of a traffic violation enforcement system that can optimize the cost of deployment and resource utilization. Based on the proposed architecture, we describe the implementation and deployment of the system, and perform a comparison of two different versions of the video-based enforcement system, one using classical computer vision methods and another using deep learning techniques. Finally, we analyze the impact of the system deployed in Phuket, Thailand from 2017 to the present in terms of local road users’ compliance and the road safety situation. We conclude that the system has had a positive impact on road safety in Phuket at a moderate cost.
Determination of Melamine by a Reduced Graphene Oxide–Gold Nanoparticle Composite Carbon Paste Electrode

ABSTRACT A reduced graphene oxide–gold nanoparticle composite was synthesized and characterized by the X-ray diffraction and microscopy. Modified carbon paste electrode was fabricated from the film of the composite. Adsorption of melamine on the composite material was characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Melamine was determined by probing the decrease in the oxidation of ferrocyanide on the modified carbon paste electrode. An analytical method for the determination of melamine has been proposed using the modified electrode. The detection limit of the method was 2.23 µM.
Traffic-Responsive Control Technique for Fully-Actuated Coordinated Signals

This study develops a traffic-responsive control technique for fully-actuated coordinated signals (TCT) to minimize investment in data collection and engineering judgment for signal timing. The operating process of TCT in a day is divided into consecutive cycle sets with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles for each. A vehicle detector is placed on every approach lane to detect time headways and actuate the coordinated and uncoordinated phases. Control center creates the background plans for all the intersections once per cycle set. The fully-actuated logic settings are directly determined by the timing parameters of the background plans in signal controllers. Signal controllers operate the fully-actuated logic and yield the expected greens of the 1<sup>st</sup> through the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(N-1)^{\mathrm{ th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles of the current cycle set for the coordinated and uncoordinated phases. After the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N^{\mathrm{ th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycle starts, the expected greens are sent to control center. Control center processes the expected greens generated in the past cycles of the day and feeds them into Brown’s double exponential smoothing to predict the expected base greens of the next cycle set. They pave the way to stepwise creating the new background plan without using any optimization models. The simulation results indicated that the TCT-enabled intersections could reactively vary their vehicle handling capacity to accommodate the variation in the vehicle demand. In contrast to the conventional control technique for fully-actuated coordinated signals, TCT could provide more progression opportunities to the coordinated movement and serve vehicles with less number of stops and equivalent delay from a system-wide perspective.