Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cost of fear of crime on apartment prices

Evidence shows that crime affects housing prices. H owever, whether fear of crime impacts equally on prices of properties is an issue that is little inv estigated in the international literature. In this article we assess the impact of perceived safety on housing pr ces in the city of Stockholm, capital of Sweden. The study uses data over apartment sales and respon ses of 2008’s Stockholm Safety Survey aggregated by parishes. The effect of perceived saf ety is assessed using hedonic pricing modelling controlling for a number of land use covariates usi ng Geographical Information System (GIS). Results show that fear of crime has a strong impact on apar tment prices, regardless the measure tested. The effect of fear of crime on property prices is littl e affected by vandalism levels in an area. Apartmen prices are lower in areas that show high levels of fear of crime, where people do not take precautiona ry measures to prevent crime and where people avoid go ing out by themselves.
HAROLD BURR'S BIOFIELDS MEASURING THE ELECTROMAGNETICS OF LIFE

In 1937, Harold Saxton Burr, Ph.D., a Professor of Anatomy at the Yale University School of Medicine, began a series of experiments that sought to measure and characterize the "bio-magnetic field" associated with living organisms. Burr steadfastly believed that life nor only exhibited electromagnetic properties, but that these same properties were, in his words, "the organizing principle" that kept living tissue from falling into a chaotic state. He provided incontrovertible evidence for this belief both with sophisticated electrical measurements, and also by being the first person to demonstrate the extraordinarily significant hypothesis that the appearance of physical illness (cancer, in this case) occurs after a measurable change in the organism's electric field. This paper reviews Burr's electromagnetic measurements from the perspective of its author's background in electrical engineering. It provides an overview of the many technical challenges Burr had to overcome in making precise electrical measurements ofbiological systems using technology that is considered primitive by today's standards. The instruments that Burr devised are remarkable for their time, rivaling in their pioneering genius Burr's revolutionary contributions to the scientific understanding ofthe organizing principles animating all life.
Bilevel Distance Metric Learning for Robust Image Recognition

Metric learning, aiming to learn a discriminative Mahalanobis distance matrix M that can effectively reflect the similarity between data samples, has been widely studied in various image recognition problems. Most of the existing metric learning methods input the features extracted directly from the original data in the preprocess phase. What's worse, these features usually take no consideration of the local geometrical structure of the data and the noise existed in the data, thus they may not be optimal for the subsequent metric learning task. In this paper, we integrate both feature extraction and metric learning into one joint optimization framework and propose a new bilevel distance metric learning model. Specifically, the lower level characterizes the intrinsic data structure using graph regularized sparse coefficients, while the upper level forces the data samples from the same class to be close to each other and pushes those from different classes far away. In addition, leveraging the KKT conditions and the alternating direction method (ADM), we derive an efficient algorithm to solve the proposed new model. Extensive experiments on various occluded datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
Link/Loop/Node Networks

ion The processoftaking a memory and abstracting it to complete the memory's integration into the system is needed to givethe information stored in the net conceptual structure. The basic ideahere is to find other memories that are similar to the one being integrated. Then, with that new concept (eithernewly created or newly modified) the net managertries to create/modify other conceptsthat are conceptually above the new one. The first order ofbusiness is to find the memory or memorieswhich will be abstracted with the new one. The net managerbegins the searchfor candidate memories by visiting allnodes belonging to the new memory. It records all memories that connect to each node that are on the same level as the new memory(level 0 remember, concepts at levels higherthan level 0 may use this same node, so we must distinguish between them). Once it has visitedall ofthe new memory's nodes, it then beginsa traversal ofnodes ofthe memories in the set it just compiled. Once it has visited all the nodes in a memory, the closeness ratio for that memory to the new one is calculated. This calculationis given below:
Predator Recognition Behaviors and Stress Hormones in an Endangered Captive Mammal: Implications for Reintroduction

One purpose of captive breeding programs for endangered species is the potential reestablishment of wild populations. However, behavioral problems resulting from relaxed selection or adaptation to captivity can lead to decreased predator recognition and increased mortality in reintroduced individuals. Predator training of prey animals can reduce this mortality, but a species must have some instinctual response to the signs of predators as a prerequisite for successful training. The Tadjik markhor (Capra falconeri heptneri) is one of the most endangered mammals in the world and may be reintroduced to portions of its former range in the future. We assessed the potential of captive Tadjik markhor to recognize signs from their natural predators using visual and olfactory cues, and compared their behavior and stress hormone levels to baseline levels and to novel but non-threatening cues. Mean percent time in vigilance behavior did not differ between predator and control cues, but both were higher than baseline (ANOVA; P < 0.001). However, markhor exhibited more alarm calls and ear flicks when faced with predator cues than when faced with control cues or during baseline observations (MRPP, P < 0.001). We found no difference, however, in fecal glucocorticoid (GC) levels among the three treatment types. These results suggest that captive markhor have not entirely lost their ability to recognize threats from potential predators and may respond to pre-release training in the event of a reintroduction program that uses captive-raised individuals.
Agent Simulation Model Based on Similarity Measure

Under the situation of scarcity of data in the target domain, the performance of the traditional agent simulation model tends to decrease. In this scenario, the useful knowledge in the source domain is extracted to guide the target domain learning to obtain more appropriate class information and agent simulation performance is an effective learning strategy. Based on the similarity measure, this paper proposes a Biased Agent Model (TIM) algorithm, which is similar to the source and target domain data distribution by introducing a biased learning mechanism (IM) algorithm to improve the simulation performance of the intelligent simulation (IM) algorithm in the data scarcity scenario. In order to ensure the validity of the bias, the TIM improves the performance of IM by considering the statistical and geometric characteristics of the source and target domains, the message passing mechanism in the algorithm makes it possible to achieve the goal of assisting the target domain learning. In addition, the factor graph of TIM can also show that the IM can be similar to IM in the case of lack of data in the target domain. The simulation results of the simulated data set and the real data set show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the classical IM algorithm in dealing with the non-sufficient data agent simulation task with better performance.
Detection and Elimination of Viruses in USDA Hop (Humulus lupulus) Germplasm Collection

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) maintains a collection of Humulus germplasm at its National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, for the conservation and improvement of hop genetic resources. About 268 clonal accessions and seedlings are maintained as potted plants in a screen house. A ‘core’ subset of 84 genotypes is also maintained in vitro under cold storage. Clonal accessions were tested by ELISA for Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), Arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV), Hop latent carlavirus (HpLV), American hop latent carlavirus (AHLV), Hop mosaic carlavirus (HpMV), and Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRV). Ninety-eight hop clones out of 200 were found to be virus infected. HpMV was the virus most commonly detected (67% of infected plants), followed by HpLV (51%), AHLV (50%), and ApMV (28%). ArMV and PNRV were not detected. More than 60% of infected accessions contained 2 or more viruses, and more than 25% contained 3 or more. Cultivars ‘Wye Target’, ‘Vojvodina’, ‘Shinsuwase’, ‘Cascade’ and ‘USDA 21119’ were infected with all 4 viruses. Alternating temperature heat-therapy and apical meristem culture were used to eliminate viruses from infected plants. Infected plants were grown for 2 weeks at temperatures alternating between 38°C and 30°C every 4 hours. Apical meristems 0.5mm or smaller were dissected and grown in vitro until large enough to transfer to soil in the glasshouse. Following a natural dormant period, plants were retested by ELISA. Of 182 plants regenerated from heat treated meristems, none tested positive in subsequent virus assays. Presently, the NCGR maintains 125 unique hop genotypes that have tested negative for all of these hop viruses.
Assessing Suicide Ideation:Comparing Self-Report Versus Clinician Report

BACKGROUND: The accurate identification of suicidal individuals is an important but complex process. Common approaches to suicide assessment include self-report tools and clinician interview. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare two assessment methods for determining suicidal ideation of patients admitted for treatment of a mood or anxiety disorder. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of an existing dataset was conducted. Sixty-eight inpatients treated for mood or anxiety disorders completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and were assessed by a clinician using an investigator-developed interview schedule. One item from BDI and one question from the interview schedule were used to compare two methods for assessing suicidal ideation. RESULTS: In 80% of cases, responses were in agreement between the two assessment methods. However, disagreement between assessment methods was found for 13 (19.4%) cases. The rate of disagreement was beyond chance (p = .00). CONCLUSION: The findings support inclusion of both a self-report method and a face-to-face interview to assess suicide ideations. Further research is warranted to examine if both methods for assessing suicide ideations are indicated during the first 24 hours after admission to an inpatient unit. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2004; 10(1), 9-15.
APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR CHEMICAL INFERENCE

The purpose of this paper is to discuss an interactive computer program which can be used to study questions of plausible ion structures. The program can be constrained in a variety of ways by the user, based on information inferred from (i) the structure of the intact molecule which gave rise to the ion, (ii) metastable defocusing experiments to identify progenitors, and (iii) existing knowledge of the fragmentations and rearrangements of related molecules, including deuterium labeled analogs. Implementation of these constraints is discussed primarily with the example of triethylamine, an apparently simple compound whose behavior is examined in detail with the aid of the program because of the complexity of its fragmentation. KNOWLEDGE of the structures of gaseous ions is fundamental to our understanding of the fragmentations and rearrangements of molecules subsequent to ionization in a mass spectrometer. The processes by which molecules decompose frequently involve highly energetic pathways, placing correlations with known structures of ions near or in the ground state (e.g. solution chemistry) on a largely speculative basis. Yet these correlations have contributed a great deal to our rationalization, if not deeper understanding, of many fragmentation processes. Of more value to a deeper understanding, however, is the knowledge of the actual ion structures. Recent advances in instrumental techniques, e.g. ion cyclotron resonance (i.c.r.)2 metastable ion analysis,j collision-induced metastable ions4 and field ionization analysis over the course of ion decomposition,5 have provided a variety of tools for indirect studies of ion structures. From these studies, structural features of ions can be inferred with much more certainty than in the past. Studies using i.c. r. or metastable ions normally require that two criteria be met. For completeness, one should have available all plausible structures for an ion of given composition (empirical formula). This ensures that no reasonable alternatives will be overlooked. For each reasonable alternative, one must have a means of producing the ion in an unambiguous way, so that its behavior under the experimental conditions can be standardized for comparison with unknown ion structures. This requires a search for compounds which on ionization or fragmentation can yield only one reasonable structure for the given decomposition. Using the structure generator,6 with constraints (‘CONGEW) where appropriate, we can now explore questions of possible isomeric ion structures. The availability of the program makes it possible to meet the first criterion mentioned in the previous paragraph. The remainder of this report is devoted to a discussion of how the program can be used under constraints inferred from a variety of sources, including the structure of the intact molecule, studies of metastable ions and mass spectra of labeled analogs. The example discussed in most detail is that of ion structures from the
Monoscopic Automotive Ego-motion Estimation and Cyclist Tracking

In traffic accidents cyclists are always counted as a vulnerable group suffering from heavy injuries and fatalities. A particularly dangerous type of collision involves trucks that turn to the right without recognizing cyclists driving on their lane in a blind spot. Even though it is not the most frequent type of accident the chance of survival for a cyclist involved is low. One of the main causes for the collision is that the truck drivers only have a limited field of vision. The cyclists in the surroundings are hard to perceive due to their smaller size. Besides, it is difficult to predict their behavior. The velocity of a cyclist is usually comparable to a slowly running car and they must share the same road with other traffic participants, which makes them easy to be occluded by other vehicles. Hence, this reduces the truck driver’s reaction time once they are noticed. This also explains that the heaviest accidents involving trucks and cyclists often happen when a truck turns right at an intersection. In order to solve this problem on an intelligent level we are aiming at developing a driving assistance system for trucks to avoid possible accidents with cyclists. The main task is to detect the cyclists with the help of a state-of-the-art hardware setup consisting of a single-row Light Detection And Ranging(LIDAR)Sensor in combination with a camera. Based on the detection, the movement of the cyclist is estimated and its behavior is predicted so that the risk of accidents can be assessed. An intelligent warning strategy alarms the truck driver in dangerous situations to avoid accidents. The aim of this work is to estimate the metric trajectory of the ego-vehicle and the cyclist using a single camera and a low-cost single-row laser scanner. For estimating the ego-motion without scale we complement existing methods to satisfy the requirements of our application. The main challenge of monoscopic Visual Odometry is the unobservability of the scale of the scene. The focus of this project lies on estimating the scale from scene implicit information combined with a priori knowledge about the scenery. On the other hand external sensors are applied to obtain more data about the scale and find an optimal configuration for estimating a scaled trajectory of a car in various environments.
The Science of Usability Testing

Usability testing has evolved from the stringent methods of experimental psychology, to less controlled, more qualitative tests, to the wide variety of methods used today. As the methods have evolved, researchers have studied many aspects of usability testing with the goal of better understanding how to best implement, plan, conduct, and interpret tests. In this paper, I will discuss findings from some of the research on three aspects of usability testing: the number of participants, the number of trained observers, and the use of the think-aloud method.
Effect of the green-emitting CaF2:Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphor particles’ size on color rendering index and color quality scale of the in-cup packaging multichip white LEDs

In this paper, we investigate the effect of the green-emitting CaF2:Ce 3+, Tb 3+ phosphor particle’s size on the color rendering index (CRI) and the color quality scale (CQS) of the in-cup packaging multichip white LEDs (MCW-LEDs). For this purpose, 7000K and 8500K in-cup packaging MCW-LEDs is simulated by the commercial software Light Tools. Moreover, scattering process in the phosphor layers is investigated by using Mie Theory with Mat Lab software. Finally, the research results show that the green-emitting CaF2:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphor’s size crucially influences on the CRI and CQS. From that point of view, CaF2:Ce 3+, Tb 3+ can be proposed as a potential practical direction for manufacturing the in-cup packaging phosphor WLEDs.
Crystal structures and stabilities of cristobalite-helium phases at high pressures

Abstract First-principles calculations were used to study the structural and energetic properties of cristobalite- He I and II at high pressures, both of which were recently found in high-pressure powder X‑ray diffraction experiments of a-cristobalite with helium pressure-medium at room temperature. These calculations have revealed that both cristobalite-He I and II contain one helium atom per SiO2 with the formula SiO2He. It has also been revealed that cristobalite-He I is energetically favored above 6.4 GPa, cristobalite-He II is the stable phase at pressures between 1.7 and 6.4 GPa, and the mixture of cristobalite II and crystalline He is more stable than either cristobalite-He I or II below 1.7 GPa, in general agreement with the observation. Cristobalite-He I and II have been predicted to be monoclinic with space group P21/c, and rhombohedral with space group R3̅c, respectively. The unit-cell parameters of both cristobalite-He I and II were re-determined from the previously measured high-pressure X-ray diffraction data on the basis of these predicted cells. There is an excellent agreement between the observed (re-determined) and calculated pressure dependence of the cell parameters for the both phases. The calculated X-ray diffraction patterns for both cristobalite-He I and II are also consistent with the observed data. Cristobalite-He I and II have been predicted to have molar volumes 21% larger at 10 GPa and 23% larger at 4 GPa than cristobalite II due to the penetration of helium atoms into large voids of the structure.
Outdoor Motor Play: Analysis, Speculations, Research Paths

In our rapidly changing contemporary society, it has become apparent that children spend significantly less time playing outdoors than their parents did. Therefore, considerable attention must be paid by professionals to engage this challenge, especially within early educational contexts. The goal of this study was to first explore the continual drive of play in educational growth and, second, the ways in which children play outdoors at school, in order to reap the developmental benefits of outdoor play in a supportive context, where such fundamental activity is not only allowed, but also supported. The results of this study reinforce existing research in this area, highlighting the findings of children’s physical play behaviour and its frequency, also in connection with the use of tools and toys; further findings highlight teacher’s attitudes and suggest several options for early childhood professionals to foster children’s enjoyment of outdoor play. Finally, the study results have implications for future opportunities in the planning of active spontaneous-play.
Developing Cognitive Independence of Future Informatics Teachers by Multimedia Tools

Future Informatics teachers need to have skills and abilities to continuously improve their knowledge in the field of both modern Information Technologies and modern methods of teaching Informatics. Specialists should constantly self-study because of the rapid pace in development of Informatics and Information Technologies. Thus, the high level of cognitive independence gives students real opportunities to integrate into the world information space, operating information resources presented in various forms. A new learning technology based on subject-and problem-oriented computer training programs and, in particular, multimedia programs is one of the ways to train highly qualified specialists. The programs help to improve the efficiency of learning technology, to intensify educational process, to improve the quality of training. At the same time, it is the role of an Informatics teacher that is significantly increasing. However, modern courses of Informatics do not adequately reflect the issues related to the theoretical and practical aspects of multimedia technology. This article describes our experiment on developing the components of cognitive independence of future Informatics teachers through learning, development and practical use of multimedia tools and gives the details of the used diagnostic material.
Transport Phenomena In Comfortable Passive And Active Barrier Textile Systems Code Number. S9524

Obstacles in realistic modeling of transfer phenomena in the barrier fabrics have included the unknown state of aggregation of challenge materials and the poorly characterized real microporous structure of three dimensional fabrics. To address these obstacles we initially used series of thin membranes with well defined pore structure, down to 0.5% the size of a cotton fiber’s diameter, to model pore geometry dependence of penetration by, liquid and particulate agents including blood borne virus. This definitive study is used to benchmark real world textile barriers up to and including full garments. An additional study contrasts porous active barrier performance with passive semipermeable membrane performance for given threats and quantify comfort benefits, if any, associated with porous, active barrier technology.
Development of social and feeding behaviour in young rabbits.

European female rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) have evolved parsimony in the relationship toward s their offspring. Lactating females nurse their litt er immediately after parturition, but then leave th nest and will interact with their young only once p r day, for a 5-minute nursing episode. Newborns are initially blind and deaf, and totally dependent of milk to survive. In domestic conditions as in t he wild, they exhibit a typical behavioural repertoire controlled by olfaction and perioral somesthesis t o locate the maternal nipples. Thus, chemosensory mea ns of communication with the mother, based on previously learned odour cues and predisposed odour signals, promote high success in obtaining milk at least over postnatal days 10 to 15. Then, auditi on and vision become functional and involved in social and feeding behaviour. The present paper aim s to survey the behaviour of young rabbits between birth and weaning, and to offer indications how it is controlled in the context of motheroffspring interactions by multiple sensory and envi ronmental factors.