Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A naïve, salience-based method for speaker identification in fiction books

This paper presents a salience-based technique for the annotation of directly quoted speech from fiction text. In particular, this paper determines to what extent a naive (without the use of complex machine learning or knowledge-based techniques) scoring technique can be used for the identification of the speaker of speech quotes. The presented technique makes use of a scoring technique, similar to that commonly found in knowledge-poor anaphora resolution research, as well as a set of hand-coded rules for the final identification of the speaker of each quote in the text. Speaker identification is shown to be achieved using three tasks: the identification of a speech-verb associated with a quote with a recall of 94.41%; the identification of the actor associated with a quote with a recall of 88.22%; and the selection of a speaker with an accuracy of 79.40%.
Connotation-differential Prints - Comparing What Is Connoted Through (Fuzzy) Evaluations

To evaluate the level to which an object belongs (or not) to a particular set, say A, one could focus on some objectâs features according to what one understands by A. With this consideration, using the evaluations of a group of objects given by two persons, we want to determine the level to which their individual understandings of A match. Therefore, hypothesizing that a difference in understandings (or connotations) of A could be marked by a difference in one or more of the evaluations, we propose a connotation-differential print (CDP). A CDP is a representation of any difference in connotations of A between two persons in a form that makes itself available to computation. Additionally, we study how to use a CDP to extend a similarity measure for intuitionistic fuzzy sets in order to reach a meaningful comparison between two of them.
Citrobacter koseri Brain Abscess in the Neonatal Rat: Survival and Replication within Human and Rat Macrophages

ABSTRACT A unique feature of Citrobacter koseri is the extremely high propensity to initiate brain abscesses during neonatal meningitis. Previous clinical reports and studies on infant rats have documented many Citrobacter-filled macrophages within the ventricles and brain abscesses. It has been hypothesized that intracellular survival and replication within macrophages may be a mechanism by which C. koseri subverts the host response and elicits chronic infection, resulting in brain abscess formation. In this study, we showed that C. koseri causes meningitis and brain abscesses in the neonatal rat model, and we utilized histology and magnetic resonance imaging technology to visualize brain abscess formation. Histology and electron microscopy (EM) revealed that macrophages (and not fibroblasts, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons) were the primary target for long-term C. koseri infection. To better understand C. koseri pathogenesis, we have characterized the interactions of C. koseri with human macrophages. We found that C. koseri survives and replicates within macrophages in vitro and that uptake of C. koseri increases in the presence of human pooled serum in a dose-dependent manner. EM studies lend support to the hypothesis that C. koseri uses morphologically different methods of uptake to enter macrophages. FcγRI blocking experiments show that this receptor primarily facilitates the entry of opsonized C. koseri into macrophages. Further, confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrates that C. koseri survives phagolysosomal fusion and that more than 90% of intracellular C. koseri organisms are colocalized within phagolysosomes. The ability of C. koseri to survive phagolysosome fusion and replicate within macrophages may contribute to the establishment of chronic central nervous system infection including brain abscesses.
Intelligen t Scene Analysis and Recognition

Abstract : Knowing the name of the location and relative position towards the landmarks not only facilitates the end-user's navigation, but also provides the possibility to offer follow-up geographical services. Visual Location Recognition and Registration (VLRR) is addressed in this report, which refers to the problem of predicting the name and relative position of the location only using the captured query image. This problem is almost ill-posed, because on one hand, there is no formal definition of what constitutes a location and it is still not clear which are the location's properties that helps us to perform the recognition. On the other hand, in order to determine the relative position of the end-user, image registration of large viewpoint variation is required, which itself severely suffers from the well-known matching ambiguity. To solve the first difficulty, Bag-of-Features (BoF) model based on visual codebook is used, where the codebook is obtained by performing an unsupervised clustering on local image features extracted from the training images. Consequently, each location and query image can be efficiently represented by the corresponding histograms of the appearance of visual words in the codebook. Finally a classifier is designed to make the final decision based on the similarity of those histograms via a supervised learning. However, this BoF model lacks of being aware that different visual words actually provide different discrimination power in the sequential location classification. Therefore, a simple and novel weighting scheme, called Visual Words Aggregation Weighting (VWAW) is proposed and we assume those visual words which are cluster centers of highly aggregated local image features while with less neighboring words to be more important than others. These two assumptions are reasonable in the sense that highly aggregated cluster center usually has smaller clustering error and the visual word with less neighborhood is more discriminant and robust.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Exendin-4 Leads to Reduction of Weight and Caloric Intake in a Rat Model of Hypothalamic Obesity

Background: Hypothalamic obesity caused by damage of medial hypothalamic nuclei presents a therapeutic challenge. Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist exenatide (synthetic version of exendin-4 (Ex4)), used for treatment of diabetes, causes weight loss via hindbrain signaling. Methods: We tested Ex4 in an established rat model of medial hypothalamic lesions. Lesion and control animals were administered either daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 µg·kg–1 Ex4 or saline for 9 days. Results: In our rat model, a significant difference in percent baseline food intake (lesion –20.8%, control –13.6%; p < 0.001) and percent change in body weight (lesion –4.9%/9 days, control –3.2%/9 days; p < 0.05) was observed during Ex4 treatment compared with saline. Conclusion: Ex4 resulted in reduction of food intake and body weight. Follow-up studies are required to further elucidate its effects on energy homeostasis and to establish Ex4 as a potential drug for treatment of hypothalamic obesity.
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on endotoxin‐induced cardiac stress in rats: A possible mechanism of protection

Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides; LPS) are known to cause multiple organ failure, including myocardial dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protection against LPS‐induced cardiac stress. Rats were allocated into three groups; group 1 served as a normal control group, group 2 (LPS) received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg), group 3 (LPS + CAPE) was injected intraperitoneally with CAPE (10 mg/kg/day; solubilized in saline containing 20% tween 20) throughout a period of 10 days prior to LPS injection. Rats were maintained 4 h before sacrifice. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester pretreatment normalized LPS‐enhanced activities of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cardiac tissue. A significant reduction of the elevated levels of serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) as well as serum and cardiac nitrite/nitrate (NOx) was achieved after CAPE pretreatment. CAPE also restored malondialdelyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels in the heart. A marked induction of cardiac heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) protein level was detected in CAPE‐pretreated group. Whereas, LPS‐induced reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels was insignificantly changed. Conclusively, the early treatment with CAPE maintained antioxidant defences, reduced oxidative injury, cytokine damage, and inflammation but did not markedly improve energy status in cardiac tissue. The beneficial effect of CAPE might be mediated, at least in part, by the superinduction of HO‐1. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:84–94 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20362
Desumoylation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane VAP Family Protein Scs2 by Ulp1 and SUMO Regulation of the Inositol Synthesis Pathway

ABSTRACT Posttranslational protein modification by the ubiquitin-like SUMO protein is critical to eukaryotic cell regulation, but much remains unknown regarding its operation and substrates. Here we report that specific mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ulp1 SUMO protease, including its coiled-coil (CC) domain, lead to the accumulation of distinct sumoylated proteins in vivo. A prominent ∼50-kDa sumoylated protein accumulates in a Ulp1 CC mutant. The protein was identified as Scs2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that regulates phosphatidylinositol synthesis and lipid trafficking. Mutation of lysine 180 of Scs2 abolishes its sumoylation. Notably, impairment of either cellular sumoylation or cellular desumoylation mechanisms inhibits cell growth in the absence of inositol and exacerbates the inositol auxotrophy caused by deletion of SCS2. Mutants lacking the Ulp2 SUMO protease are the most severely affected, and this defect was traced to the mutants' impaired ability to induce transcription of INO1, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of inositol biosynthesis. Conversely, inositol starvation induces a striking change in the profiles of total cellular SUMO conjugates. These results provide the first evidence of cross-regulation between the SUMO and inositol pathways, including the sumoylation of an ER membrane protein central to phospholipid synthesis and phosphoinositide signaling.
EVALUATION OF PRESENCE AND ACTIVITY OF THREE DIFFERENT ENZYMES IN CREVICULAR FLUID FROM DENTAL IMPLANTS

NTRODUCTION With the advancement in the frequency of use of dental implants for rehabilitation, there has been simultaneous increase in the capability of the clinicians in relation to the effective restoration of the dentition of the patients. From time to time, various dental implant systems have been introduced from time to time for increasing the prognosis and outcome of dental implant procedures. On the basis of chronological categories as early failures, distinguishing if the dental implants can be done within few weeks to few months of dental implants. For monitoring the conditions of endosseous dental implants, monitoring of the clinical periodontal parameters have been widely used in the literature. However, precise significance of these clinical parameters (periodontal bleeding, periodontal probing etc) in relation to the monitoring of outcome of dental implants is still unclear. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has been studies a number of times in the past literature for monitoring the periodontal activities. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is the enzyme which under physiologic conditions is confined to cytoplasm but in case of cell death, is released into the extracellular environment. Two such enzymes associated with disuse destruction due to periodontal pathologies are AST and alkaline phosphatise (AP). Increased levels of serum cathepsin K (CK) has been found to be associated with chronic inflammatory processes. Hence; the present study was undertaken to evaluate the activity of AST, AP and CK in Peri-implant crevicular Fluid (PIF) obtained from healthy and pathologic tissue associated with endosseous dental implants.
Open Cezeri Library: A novel java based matrix and computer vision framework

In this paper we introduce the Open Cezeri Library (OCL) framework as a domain specific language (DSL) for researchers, scientists, and engineering students to enable them to develop basic linear algebra operations via simple matrix calculations, image processing, computer vision, and machine learning applications in JAVA programming language. OCL provides a strong intuition of coding for the developer while implementing by means of a fluent interface. The significant aspect of the OCL is to combine the methods of well‐known platforms; MATLAB and JAVA, accordingly. Moreover, OCL supports a fluent interface so that users can extend a single line of codes by putting a dot between the methods because all the methods implemented actually return the host class. It was observed that the learning curve of the OCL is lower than the MATLAB and the native JAVA languages, and makes coding more readable, understandable, traceable, and enjoyable. In addition to this, the experiments revealed that the running performance of the OCL is quite comparable and can be used in a variety of diverse applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:736–743, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21745
Analysis of Opportunistic Scheduling Algorithms in OFDMA Systems in the Presence of Generalized Fading Models

Analytical expressions for scheduling gain and spectral efficiency of the proportional fair and maximum rate scheduling algorithms for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based systems are derived for the following cases: a) multipath Rayleigh and multipath Nakagami fading, b) Composite channel models which model the combined effect of both small scale and large scale fading. It is shown using Extreme Value Theory (EVT) that the asymptotic distribution of the maxima of the received signal to noise power (SNR) across all the users converges to a Gumbel distribution for both cases. Therefore, we use the Gumbel distribution to derive expressions for both the spectral efficiency and scheduling gain. The scheduling gains obtained through numerical integration (whenever tractable) and simulations match with the analytical values obtained using the EVT based expressions. We also discuss how the moments and order statistics of the Gumbel distribution can be used to study other metrics of the scheduling algorithms.
Human Monoclonal Antibody AVP-21D9 to Protective Antigen Reduces Dissemination of the Bacillus anthracis Ames Strain from the Lungs in a Rabbit Model

ABSTRACT Dutch-belted and New Zealand White rabbits were passively immunized with AVP-21D9, a human monoclonal antibody to protective antigen (PA), at the time of Bacillus anthracis spore challenge using either nasal instillation or aerosol challenge techniques. AVP-21D9 (10 mg/kg) completely protected both rabbit strains against lethal infection with Bacillus anthracis Ames spores, regardless of the inoculation method. Further, all but one of the passively immunized animals (23/24) were completely resistant to rechallenge with spores by either respiratory challenge method at 5 weeks after primary challenge. Analysis of the sera at 5 weeks after primary challenge showed that residual human anti-PA levels decreased by 85 to 95%, but low titers of rabbit-specific anti-PA titers were also measured. Both sources of anti-PA could have contributed to protection from rechallenge. In a subsequent study, bacteriological and histopathology analyses revealed that B. anthracis disseminated to the bloodstream in some naïve animals as early as 24 h postchallenge and increased in frequency with time. AVP-21D9 significantly reduced the dissemination of the bacteria to the bloodstream and to various organs following infection. Examination of tissue sections from infected control animals, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the Gram stain, showed edema and/or hemorrhage in the lungs and the presence of bacteria in mediastinal lymph nodes, with necrosis and inflammation. Tissue sections from infected rabbits dosed with AVP-21D9 appeared comparable to corresponding tissues from uninfected animals despite lethal challenge with B. anthracis Ames spores. Concomitant treatment with AVP-21D9 at the time of challenge conferred complete protection in the rabbit inhalation anthrax model. Early treatment increased the efficacy progressively and in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AVP-21D9 could offer an adjunct or alternative clinical treatment regimen against inhalation anthrax.
Two-dimensional hybrid layered materials: strain engineering on the band structure of MoS2/WSe2 hetero-multilayers

In this paper, we report a comprehensive modeling and simulation study of constructing hybrid layered materials by alternately stacking MoS2 and WSe2 monolayers. Such hybrid MoS2/WSe2 hetero-multilayers exhibited direct bandgap semiconductor characteristics with bandgap energy (Eg) in a range of 0.45–0.55 eV at room temperature, very attractive for optoelectronics (wavelength range 2.5–2.75 μm) based on thicker two-dimensional (2D) materials. It was also found that the interlayer distance has a significant impact on the electronic properties of the hetero-multilayers, for example a five orders of magnitude change in the conductance was observed. Three material phases, direct bandgap semiconductor, indirect bandgap semiconductor, and metal were observed in MoS2/WSe2 hetero-multilayers, as the interlayer distance decreased from its relaxed (i.e., equilibrium) value of about 6.73 Å down to 5.50 Å, representing a vertical pressure of about 0.8 GPa for the bilayer and 1.5 GPa for the trilayer. Such new hybrid layered materials are very interesting for future nanoelectronic pressure sensor and nanophotonic applications. This study describes a new approach to explore and engineer the construction and application of tunable 2D semiconductors.
A Model of Extracting Building from High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Based on Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks

: When extract building from high resolution remote sensing image with meter/sub-meter accuracy, the shade of trees and interference of roads are the main factors of reducing the extraction accuracy. Proposed a Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks(BCNET) model base on standard fully convolutional networks(FCN) to solve these problems. First take building with no shade or artificial removal of shade as Sample-A, woodland as Sample-B, road as Sample-C. Set up 3 sample libraries. Learn these sample libraries respectively, get their own set of feature vector; Mixture Gauss model these feature vector set, evaluate the conditional probability density function of mixture of noise object and roofs; Improve the standard FCN from the 2 aspect:(1) Introduce atrous convolution. (2) Take conditional probability density function as the activation function of the last convolution. Carry out experiment using unmanned aerial vehicle(UVA) image, the results show that BCNET model can effectively eliminate the influence of trees and roads, the building extraction accuracy can reach 97%.
The course of posttraumatic stress disorder in a follow-up study of survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing.

BACKGROUND The course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in populations directly exposed to terrorist attacks is of major importance in the post-9/11 era. Because no systematic diagnostic studies of the most highly exposed individuals of the 9/11 terrorist attacks have yet been done, the Oklahoma City bombing remains a unique opportunity to examine PTSD over time in high-exposure terrorist victims. METHODS This study assessed 137 survivors in the direct path of the explosion at approximately 6 and 17 months postdisaster, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS Combined index and follow-up data yielded a higher (41%) incidence of PTSD than detected at index (32%) or follow-up (31%). All PTSD was chronic (89% unremitted at 17 months) with no delayed-onset cases. The avoidance and numbing symptom group C, unlike groups B and D alone, was pivotal to current PTSD status and was associated with indicators of functioning at index and follow-up. The findings at index were sustainable. CONCLUSIONS This follow-up study confirmed the immediacy of onset of PTSD and its persistence over time, pointing to the need for early interventions that continue over the long term. Group C avoidance and numbing symptoms may aid in early recognition of PTSD and in predicting long-term functioning.
Search histories for user support in user interfaces

The authors describe user interface tools based on search histories to support legal information seekers. The design of the tools was informed by the results of a user study (Komlodi, 2002a) that examined the use of human memory, external memory aids, and search histories in legal information seeking and derived interface design recommendations for information storage and retrieval systems. The data collected were analyzed to identify potential task areas where search histories can support information seeking and use. The results show that many information-seeking tasks can take advantage of automatically and manually recorded history information. These findings encouraged the design of user interface tools building on search history information: direct search history displays, history-enabled scratchpad facilities, and organized results collection tools.
Reevaluating media richness: cues, feedback, and task

Media richness theory argues that performance on high equivocality tasks improves when people use richer rather than leaner media. Previous studies of media richness theory have almost exclusively examined managers' perceptions, rather than using objective performance measures. This experiment, which studied the effects of media richness on objective decision-making criteria in two-person groups for a higher and a lower equivocality task, found no support for media richness theory. Media richness varied based on multiplicity of cues (face-to-face, audio-video, computer-mediated communication) and immediacy of feedback (immediate vs. delayed). Subjects perceived differences in media richness due to cues and feedback and in social presence due to cues. Varying cues and feedback, however, had no effect on decision quality, consensus change or communication satisfaction. Richer media led to faster decisions regardless of task equivocality. In short, the results showed no support for the main proposition of media richness theory; matching media richness to task equivocality did not improve performance. <<ETX>>
Crystal structures of carbohydrate recognition domain of blood dendritic cell antigen‐2 (BDCA2) reveal a common domain‐swapped dimer

We report on crystal structures of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human C‐type lectin receptor blood dendritic cell antigen‐2 (BDCA2). Three different crystal forms were obtained at 1.8–2.3 Å resolution. In all three, the CRD has a basic C‐type lectin fold, but a long loop extends away from the core domain to form a domain‐swapped dimer. The structures of the dimers from the three different crystal forms superimpose well, indicating that domain swapping and dimer formation are energetically stable. The structure of the dimer is compared with other domain‐swapped proteins, and a possible regulation mechanism of BDCA2 is discussed. Proteins 2014; 82:1512–1518. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.