Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Airborne laser scanning as a method in operational forest inventory: Status of accuracy assessments accomplished in Scandinavia

Abstract This research reports the major evaluation results from an operational stand-based forest inventory using airborne laser scanner data carried out in Norway. This is the first operational inventory in which data from two separate districts are combined. Laser data from two forest areas of 65 and 110 km2 were used to predict six biophysical stand variables used in forest planning. The predictions were based on regression equations estimated from 250 m2 field training plots distributed systematically throughout the two forest areas. Test plots with a size of 0.1 ha were used for validation. The testing revealed standard deviations between ground-truth values and predicted values of 0.58–0.85 m (3.4–5.6%) for mean and dominant heights, 2.62–2.87 m2 ha−1 (9.3–14.3%) for basal area, and 18.7–25.1 m3 ha−1 (10.8–12.8%) for stand volume. No serious bias was detected. For 10 of the 12 estimated regression models there were no significant effects of district.
Reproductive strategies and early development of three freshwater gobies

Three species of gobiid fish inhabit the freshwater Lake Trichonis of western Greece. Two of these species, Economidichthys pygmaeus and E. trichonis are endemic, and the third is the widespread Knipowitschia caucasica. There are habitat separations between the three species, E. pygmaeus and E. trichonis prefer vegetated areas, the first being fully demersal at all stages of development and the second being semi-demersal. Knipowitschia caucasica prefers sandy bottoms and is distributed in shallower waters. Female E. pygmaeus and E. trichonis spawn in nests prepared by the males in the cavities of broken reeds. The males subsequently guard the eggs until they hatch, with females playing no role in parental care. Economidichthys trichonis is probably the smallest freshwater European species. Its eggs are ovoid, measuring about 0.64 × 0.58 mm, from which tiny, unpigmented and incompletely developed pelagic larvae hatch out after an incubation period lasting less than 1 day at a water temperature of 19.5° C. The eggs of E. pygmaeus are cylindrical and larger, measuring about 2.38 × 0.89 mm, from which relatively large, strongly pigmented and ontogenetically more advanced larvae hatch out after a longer incubation period. Both species reproduce only once in their lifetime, at the age of 1 year, and die shortly after spawning, but the breeding season involves several spawnings by each individual fish. These biological, developmental and reproductive characteristics are discussed in relation to current theories on evolution of life-historics.
Genetic diversity analysis of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.).

The present study has been designed to study the genetic divergence and clustering pattern in different environments and to identify most divergent genotypes of durum wheat to be used as donor parent genotypes for breeding high yielding genotypes. To meet the objective, fifty genotypes were grown in four environments in RBD with three replications to estimate the genetic divergence and clustering pattern of genotypes. Analysis of variance suggested that sufficient variability existed in the material. The mean squares due to environment were significant for majority of the characters studied indicating that the environments were variable for testing the material. The fifty genotypes of durum wheat were grouped in seven clusters in all the environments. In environment I, maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and VI (7.40) in environment II between cluster III and V (6.224), in environment III between cluster IV and VI (6.735) and in environment IV between cluster II and III (6.571). The maximum contribution to genetic divergence was made by number of spikelets per spike followed by number of grains per spike and 100-grain weight. DDW-01 and NI-59 were identified as the most divergent genotypes. The environment- I and III (timely sowing during both year) was optimum for the fullest expression of genotypes for character plant height, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and harvest index.
A 30‐kDa Protein in the Surface Complex and Flagella of Euglena has Protein Kinase Activity

ABSTRACT A protein kinase (PK) was partially purified from NaCl extracts of the cell surface complex of Euglena using DEAE‐cellulose chromatography. Tubulins extracted either from flagella or from the cell surface complexes of Euglena were readily phosphorylated when incubated with [γ‐32P]‐ATP and the PK. Protein kinase activity was augmented with 5 mM Mn2+ or Mg2 and was inhibited or had greatly reduced activity with 5 mM Ca2+, Co2‐, Cu2+ or Zn2+. Incorporation was much lower when [γ‐32P]‐GTP was the phosphate donor. Serine and threonine were the major radiolabeled phosphoamino acids in tubulins; label was also found in phosphotyrosine. Alpha‐tubulin solubilized from flagella was a relatively poor substrate for the PK, but a Euglenaα‐tubulin cDNA overexpressed as a Trx‐fusion protein incorporated [γ‐32P]‐ATP into serine and threonine when incubated with cell surface extracts. Alpha‐ and β‐tubulins from cell surface complexes were equally good substrates for the PK. No incorporation was observed in intact microtubules either from the cell surface complex or from isolated flagella. In‐gel assays identified a polypeptide of about 30 kDa that phosphorylated tubulins in extracts of both flagella and the cell surface complexes, and dephosphorylated casein was a competitive substrate for the partially purified kinase. In vivo incubation with [32P]‐orthophosphate produced numerous radiolabeled bands in acrylamide gels of NaCl extracts of the cell surface complex, but none of these bands could be positively related to tubulins extracted from surface complex microtubules.
A new, enigmatic, evaniomorphan WASP in the Albian amber of France (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

Synopsis Guyotemaimetsha enigmatica, a new genus and species of evaniomorphan wasp, is described from the French Albian amber. Its phylogenetic affinities are discussed. It has strong similarities with the genera Maimetsha and Cretogonalys, which are attributed to the Maimet‐shidae and Trigonalidae, respectively. The exact relationships of these Cretaceous taxa remain enigmatic.
Distribution of foraminifera in a macrotidal tropical estuary: Port Darwin, Northern Territory of Australia

The foraminifera are distributed throughout Port Darwin and differ according to biotope. The tidal flat and coral reef biotopes are basically undisturbed, and contain species of foraminifera typical of those environments. Turbidity is responsible for a lower diversity of the reefal facies, and particularly affects those species with symbiotic algae. The reworked biotope contains foraminifera more typical of the shallow continental shelf. Strong tidal currents associated with the large tidal range are responsible for the reworking of sediments and foraminifera1 tests from inside and outside Port Darwin.
Osteology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaur Arizonasaurus babbitti

Arizonasaurus babbitti is rediagnosed from a well-preserved partial skeleton from the early Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation of northern Arizona. The skull, excluding the braincase, is described and compared to other “rauisuchians” and basal archosaurs. Two possible autapomorphies include a deep fossa hidden from lateral and medial views on the posteroventral edge of the ascending process of the maxilla and a tongue (pubic peduncle of the ilium) and groove (proximal portion of the pubis) articulation between the pubis and the ilium. The postcrania is described in detail. Tall neural spines form a sail that is similar to those of other basal archosaurs with unknown affinities (Ctenosauriscus, Lotosaurus, Bromsgroveia, “Hypselorhachis”). Additional characters in the pelvic girdle in Arizonasaurus unite this taxon with Ctenosauriscus, Lotosaurus, Bromsgroveia, and Hypselorhachus to form a group, the ctenosauriscids. Pelvic characters of the ctenosauriscids are also found in Poposaurus and “Chatterjeea”, suggesting that ctenosauriscids are closely related. A possibly monophyletic group containing Arizonasaurus, other ctenosauriscids, Poposaurus, Sillosuchus, and “Chatterjeea” the exclusions of most other rauisuchians is proposed based on a new understanding of pseudosuchian characters.
Pectinase Production from Mango Peel Using Aspergillus foetidus and its Application in Processing of Mango Juice

The present study was carried out to evaluate mango peel as a substrate for the production of pectinase enzyme by using Aspergillus foetidus in solid state and submerged fermentation systems. The pectin content of 18.2% (w/w) was found in Totapuri mango peel. The highest productivity of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase was obtained with solid state fermentation. Both enzymes had optimum activities at pH 5 and 5.5, at temperatures 35 and 30°C, and incubation time of 120 and 96 h in solid state and submerged fermentations, respectively. Enzymatic extracts obtained for both culture methods showed differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. The Scanning Electron Microscopic studies revealed that the isolated enzyme had degraded the pectin content in mango peel. The pectinase enzyme thus produced in solid state fermentation was utilized for mango juice processing and compared with commercial pectinase. The maximum juice clarification (92.5±0.26%) was obtained at temperature of 40°C and 150 min of incubation time when mango pulp was treated with the isolated pectinase.
Survival Rates of Birds of Tropical and Temperate Forests: Will the Dogma Survive?

Survival rates of tropical forest birds are widely assumed to be high relative to the survival rates of temperate forest birds. Much life-history theory is based on this assumption despite the lack of empirical data to support it. We provide the first detailed comparison of survival rates of tropical and temperate forest birds based on extensive data bases and modern capture-recapture models. We find no support for the conventional wisdom. Because clutch size is only one component of reproductive rate, the frequently assumed, simple association between clutch size and adult survival rates should not necessarily be expected. Our results emphasize the need to consider components of fecundity in addition to clutch size when comparing the life histories of tropical and temperate birds and suggest similar considerations in the development of vertebrate life-history theory.
GABAB receptors in 5‐HT transporter‐ and 5‐HT1A receptor‐knock‐out mice: further evidence of a transduction pathway shared with 5‐HT1A receptors

The functional properties of GABAB receptors were examined in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the hippocampus of knock‐out mice devoid of the 5‐HT transporter (5‐HTT–/–) or the 5‐HT1A receptor (5‐HT1A–/–). Electrophysiological recordings in brain slices showed that the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen caused a lower hyperpolarization and neuronal firing inhibition of DRN 5‐HT cells in 5‐HTT–/– versus 5‐HTT+/+ mice. In addition, [35S]GTP‐γ‐S binding induced by GABAB receptor stimulation in the DRN was approximately 40% less in these mutants compared with wild‐type mice. In contrast, GABAB receptors appeared functionally intact in the hippocampus of 5‐HTT–/–, and in both this area and the DRN of 5‐HT1A‐knock‐out mice. The unique functional changes of DRN GABAB receptors closely resembled those of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors in 5‐HTT–/– mice, further supporting the idea that both receptor types are coupled to a common pool of G‐proteins in serotoninergic neurons.
Residual feed intake and body composition in young growing cattle

Crossbred steers (n = 176), 7–8 mo of age and from the five BeefBooster strains (M1, M2, M3, M4 and TX), were used to determine the relationships between residual feed intake (RFI) and growth rate, body composition and heat production (HP), and to quantify differences in RFI independent of differences in body composition. Animals with different RFI levels were also characterized for growth, carcass and body compositional traits. Steers from each genetic strain were selected at random and serially slaughtered on 5 pre-selected days of the finishing period. Steers grew at 1.52 (SD = 0.22) kg d-1 and had dry matter intake (DMI) of 8.5 (SD = 1.0) kg d-1 during the last 71 to 183 d before slaughter. Metabolic mid-point weight, average daily gain (ADG), gain in empty body fat and gain in empty body water accounted for 67.9, 8.6, 3.9 and 1.1%, respectively, of the variation in actual feed intake. Similarly, metabolic mid-point weight (68.5%), ADG (8.2%), gain in ultrasound backfat thickness (1.8%), gain in ultra.
Encapsulated amylosucrase-treated starch with enhanced thermal stability: Preparation and susceptibility to digestion

Understanding in vitro digestibility and release experiments with starch-entrapped calcium alginate microspheres provide the possibility of controlling starch digestibility in the human gastrointestinal tract. Native and amylosucrase (AS)-treated waxy corn starches (5000U, 20000U, and control) were encapsulated with three different ratios of sodium alginate: 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0%. The slowly digestible and RS fractions of the encapsulated starch were 57.5 and 97.7%, respectively. After cooking, the proportions of these fractions still ranged from 55.7 to 96.1%, depending on the type of starch and concentration of sodium alginate, whereas the unencapsulated starch contained between 2.9 and 48.3% slowly digestible and RS after cooking. In vitro release was studied in both uncooked and cooked encapsulated samples. When incubated in simulated gastric fluid, the beads swelled and started to float but did not erode, even after thermal treatment. Incubation in simulated intestinal and colonic fluids caused the beads to release starch in both uncooked and cooked starch-encapsulated samples. Encapsulated AS control and native waxy corn starch samples released much more starch than AS-modified starches. The total amount of starch released did not exceed20% for uncookedsamples and 25% for cookedsamples.
Book reviews

As a former head teacher and a member of the Centre for Educational Leadership in the School of Education at the University of Leicester, Bernard Barker is well placed to write this timely and engaging book. Barker sets out quite clearly to evaluate the notions of ‘transformational leadership’ promoted by the National College of School Leadership (NCSL) and other government agencies. He acknowledges that his conclusions are necessarily ‘tentative’ (p. 6). Tentative they may be, but they are also illuminating. What could have been a dry account of an ethnographic study into leadership has been enlivened by the early adoption of a storytelling narrative and the application of clear insight. Far from trivializing quite significant issues addressed by this book, the approach provides clear points of reference for anyone who has worked in school leadership and management. The account is clearly grounded in both theory and the reality of an urban secondary school in special measures. Barker opens his book by giving both an account and a critique of the context and development of transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is the perspective which holds that leaders can raise organizational attainment by motivating a commitment in followers to the higher ideals of the organization. NCSL programmes draw on the work in this area of Burns (1978) and McClelland (1987). Barker offers a clear evaluation of this model. This ranges from a consideration of feminist perspectives to the ethnographic approaches which consider the micro-politics of the ‘human realities’ of schools. This is done with particular reference to what he describes as the NCSL’s advocacy of this approach, based mainly on US research (p. 20). He considers at some length the impact of both social conditions and the micro-politics of the school in a way which might hearten current school leaders. The impact of scientific and bureaucratic approaches on the leadership and management of education, a key feature of the structuring of education in the United States since the 1940s, is carefully evaluated. Barker contrasts this with the position in the UK until the 1960s where the emphasis was that ‘student achievement was closely linked to social conditions’ (p. 11). He charts the movement into measurement and accountability through Fifteen thousand hours (Rutter et al., 1979), the implementation of the 1988 Education Act and later the Ofsted inspection regime (1993). Barker is quite clear in his view that this has failed to raise standards in the way envisaged. He sees an inconsistency between the current The Curriculum Journal Vol. 17, No. 4, December 2006, pp. 413 – 419
The Casparian Strip of Clivia miniata Reg. Roots: Isolation, Fine Structure and Chemical Nature*

The root endodermis of Clivia miniata Reg. was successfully isolated using the cell wall degrading enzymes cellulase and pectinase. The enzymes did not depolymerize those regions of the primary cell walls of anticlinal endodermal root cells where the Casparian strips were located. Since the endodermis of C. miniata roots remained in its primary developmental state over the whole root length, endodermal isolates essentially represented Casparian strips. Thus, sufficient amounts of isolated Casparian strips could be obtained to allow further detailed investigations of the isolates by microscopic, histochemical and analytical methods. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the reticular structure of the Casparian strips completely surrounding the central cylinder of the roots. Whereas in younger parts of the root only the anticlinal cell walls of the endodermis remained intact in the isolates, in older parts of the root the periclinal walls also restricted enzymatic degradation due to the deposition of lignin. Extracts of the isolates with organic solvents did not reveal any wax-like substances which might have been deposited within the cell wall forming a transport barrier, as is the case with cutin and suberin. However, several histochemical and analytical methods (elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy) showed that the chemical nature of the Casparian strips of C. miniata roots can definitely be a lignified cell wall. These findings are in complete agreement with studies carried out at the beginning of this century on the chemical nature of the Casparian strips of several other plant species. The implications of these results concerning apoplasmatic transport of solutes and water across Casparian strips are discussed.
The Assembly of Species Communities: Chance or Competition?

Ecology is currently published by The Ecological Society of America. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/esa.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org/ Thu Feb 2 13:29:01 2006
Deforestation causes increased dissolved silicate losses in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

Globally significant increases in the riverine delivery of nutrients and suspended particulate matter have occurred with deforestation. We report here significant increases in streamwater transport of dissolved silicate (DSi) following experimental forest harvesting at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. The magnitude of the streamwater response varied with the type of disturbance with the highest DSi export fluxes occurring in the manipulations that left the most plant materials on the soil surface and disturbed the soil surface least. No measurable loss of amorphous silica (ASi) was detected from the soil profile; however, ASi was redistributed within the soil profile after forest disturbance. Mass‐balance calculations demonstrate that some fraction of the DSi exported must come from dissolution of ASi and export as DSi. Land clearance and the development of agriculture may result in an enhanced flux of DSi coupled with enhanced erosion losses of ASi contained in phytoliths.
An appropriate time-window for measuring soil CO2 efflux: a case study on a Black soil in north-east China

Abstract Soil CO2 efflux rate is influenced by soil temperature which varies with time within a day. In order to determine a measuring time-window which can represent the daily average soil CO2 efflux rate from a Black soil in north-east China, soil CO2 efflux rates from no-tillage (NT) and mouldboard plough tillage (MP) plots were measured at a 2-h interval over 48 h four times in the growing season of 2008. Results showed that during the course of measurements, NT soil had a higher soil CO2 efflux rate than MP soil. Daily average soil CO2 efflux rate was matched relatively well with the CO2 efflux rate occurring between 09:00 h and 13:00 h, and between 19:00 h and 23:00 h. Our results indicate that the soil CO2 efflux rate measured between 09:00 and 11:00 h represents the daily average soil CO2 efflux rate during sunny days. When the measurements were conducted outside this time window, a procedure to adjust the CO2 efflux rates measured between 07:00 and 21:00 h (outside of the optimum time-window) to estimate daily average soil CO2 efflux rate is described.
Patterns of Intra- and Interspecies Genetic Diversity in Klamath River Basin Suckers

Abstract The Klamath River basin, Oregon, is home to four catostomid species: The Klamath smallscale sucker Catostomus rimiculus, the Klamath largescale sucker Catostomus snyderi, the shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, and the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus. A decline in Lost River and shortnose sucker abundances resulted in these species being listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1988. The primary aims of this study were to measure interspecific and intraspecific genetic variation in Klamath River basin suckers by examining 15 microsatellite loci. Over 300 suckers were sampled from four subbasins within the Klamath River basin (Lost River, upper Klamath–Sprague rivers, lower Klamath River, and upper Williamson River) and one region outside of the basin (Rogue River). A hierarchical analysis of population subdivision based on groups generated from microsatellite genetic distance (R ST) data was performed by use of analysis of molecular variance. Assignment of individua.
Adsorption of melanoidin to the mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae Y-2-32

Autoclaved mycelium of Aspergillus oryzae Y-2-32 adsorbed melanoidin, especially lower molecular weight fractions, and the degree of the adsorption was influenced by the kind of sugars utilized for growth.The melanoidin-adsorbing ability of mycelia was repressed by a high concentration of salt. Furthermore, it decreased to half the initial level on washing with a 0.1% Tween 80 solution and was entirely lost on washing with a 0.1% sodium dodecylsulphate solution.