Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of supplementary feeding on the rumen morphology and bacterial diversity in lambs

Early supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning is important to meet their nutritional needs, promote the development of rumen and improve performance. To study the effect of early supplementary feeding on rumen development and the microbiota of lambs, 22 Hu lambs were randomly divided into two groups: one group was fed with milk replacer (group C), and the other group was fed with milk replacer and starter (group S). At 28 days, six lambs in each group were slaughtered, and the rumen content and tissue samples were collected for detection and analysis. The starter significantly promoted the length of rumen papilla (P = 0.03), the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) (P < 0.01), which were higher in group S compared with group C. Group C had a higher rumen microbial diversity than group S. The dominant bacteria in the two groups were the same (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria); however, they differed notably at the genus level. The microbial abundance of the two groups was significantly different for 22 species. In group C, the first three dominant bacteria were Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Campylobacter, while in group S they were Succinivibrio, unidentified_Prevotellaceae, and unidentified_Lachnospiraceae. Spearman correlation analysis showed that some ruminal bacteria were closely related to internal environmental factors, e.g., the relative abundances of unidentified_Bacteria, Euryarchaeota, Fusobacteria, and Gracilibacteria correlated negatively with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Firmicutes correlated positively with acetate, propionate, butyrate and TVFA (P < 0.05). Bacteroidetes correlated negatively with propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05); Synergistetes correlated negatively with acetate, propionate, and butyrate (P < 0.05); Deinococcus-Thermus correlated negatively with propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05); Spirochaetes correlated negatively with propionate and TVFA (P < 0.05); and Elusimicrobia correlated negatively with propionate and butyrate (P < 0.05). Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia correlated positively correlated with NH3-N. In conclusion, supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning promoted the development of rumen tissue morphology and rumen microorganisms.
Conditions for Planning Support Systems – the case of the Dutch Delta approach in Bangladesh

Critical developments in developing countries, such as climate change and rapid urbanization, ask for a sustainable, integrated and participatory approach to planning. The Dutch Delta Approach (DDA) is such an approach that is currently being transplanted to a developing context. However, limited research has been conducted on the role of Planning Support Systems (PSS) in the transplantation of this knowledge abroad. In this paper, we review two case studies that apply the DDA in Bangladesh to gain insight into application of PSS in developing countries. We investigate how a planning approach developed in a Western context can be transferred to a developing country supported by a PSS and what the added value of the PSS is in this process. A main finding is that although literature research predominantly focuses on more conceptual conditions such as a suitable policy and planning context, empirical research shows that practical conditions such as data accessibility and proper facilitation are equally important for a successful use of PSS in the transplantation of the DDA. _______________________________________________________ H.van den Berg (Corresponding author) • K. Slager Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands Email: Hanne.vandenBerg@Deltares.nl P. Pelzer Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, The Netherlands Email: P.Pelzer@uu.nl K. Slager Email: Kymo.Slager@Deltares.nl CUPUM 2015 101-Paper
On the State of Internet of Things Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Recent Countermeasures

In this paper, we review the state of Internet of Things (IoT) security research, with a focus on recent countermeasures that attempt to address vulnerabilities and attacks in IoT networks. Due to the fact that IoT encompasses a large range of significantly distinct environments, each of which merits their own survey, our survey focuses mainly on the smart home environment. Based on the papers surveyed, we pinpoint several challenges and open issues that have yet to be adequately addressed in the realm of IoT security research. Lastly, in order to address these open issues, we provide a list of future research directions on which we believe researchers should focus.
Evaluation of the conservation status of Rhododendron afghanicum Aitch. & Hemsl.: a narrow endemic species for Pakistan.

The conservation status of Rhododendron afghanicum Aitch. & Hemsl. (Ericaceae) has been evaluated according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria 2001. This species is exclusively endemic to Kurram Agency, Pakistan. Previously, this species was reported from Shend Toi, Kurram Agency. In the current assessment, 7 localities were traced out during field studies conducted from 2011 to 2013. Based on population size (979 individuals), Extent of occurrence (354.881 km), Area of occupancy (116.511 km) and severely anthropogenic impacts i.e., uprooting and deforestation, Rhododendron afghanicum has been classified as Endangered (EN) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria 2001. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures have been proposed for its effective protection.
Stock Forecasting Model FS-LSTM Based on the 5G Internet of Things

This paper analyzed the development of data mining and the development of the fifth generation (5G) for the Internet of Things (IoT) and uses a deep learning method for stock forecasting. In order to solve the problems such as low accuracy and training complexity caused by complicated data in stock model forecasting, we proposed a forecasting method based on the feature selection (FS) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm to predict the closing price of stock. Considering its future potential application, this paper takes 4 stock data from the Shenzhen Component Index as an example and constructs the feature set for prediction based on 17 technical indexes which are commonly used in stock market. The optimal feature set is decided via FS to reduce the dimension of data and the training complexity. The LSTM algorithm is used to forecast closing price of stock. The empirical results show that compared with the LSTM model, the FS-LSTM combination model improves the accuracy of prediction and reduces the error between the real value and the forecast value in stock price prediction.
Blockchain Technologies Fundamentals – Perceptions, Principles, Procedures and Practices

The research article is based on literature – which describes principles of "Blockchain Technologies". The research is exploratory in nature due to contemporary phenomena across the world. Hence, the study comes under qualitative research. The data have been collected from various secondary online resources. The data were collected during 1/1/2018 - 31/6/2018. The data is in text, pictures, audio, and video formats. The google, google scholar, EBSCO, knimbus and other scientific databases were used for investigating the data. All articles have come across; and content analysis done. The final report based on thematic narration technique; is written after the content analysis. The research pointed out that "Blockchain Technologies" is gradually changing the way we do business. Specifically, all the traditional financial transactions will be disrupted by this new technology. The blockchain technologies will bring in the efficiency in financial transaction irrespective of native of personal, official and business operations. There will be transparency, cost reduction in operations, full security, and non-mediatory financial transactions. The cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, ripple, blackcoin, zcash, and other cryptocurrencies will drive transactions across the globe. The smart contracts, proof-of-work, mining, and digital signatures plus hash techniques are base for blockchain technologies.
Tomato and barley contain duplicated copies of cryptochrome 1

The cryptochrome family of blue-light photoreceptors is involved in the control of plant photomorphogenesis and photoperiodic responses. Two cryptochromes have been described in Arabidopsis and tomato. To investigate the composition of the cryptochrome gene family in angiosperms, we used a ‘garden PCR’ approach, amplifying DNA from different plant species with the same pair of degenerated oligonucleotides representing conserved sequences from the flavin-binding domain. Different numbers of Cry-homologous sequences were found in different species: two each in Arabidopsis (Dicots, Brassicaceae), melon (Dicots, Cucurbitaceae) and banana tree (Monocots, Musaceae); three each in tomato (Dicots, Solanaceae) and barley (Monocots, Graminaceae). These sequences contain open reading frames (OFRs) with high homology to cryptochromes, but not photolyases, and are transcribed into RNA. In each case, a Cry1- and a Cry2-like sequence was recognizable. The third gene of tomato and barley seems to have arisen from recent, independent duplications of Cry1, and was thus named Cry1b. The tomato Cry1b gene encodes a protein of 583 amino acids (the shortest of the three tomato cryptochromes), with a high similarity to Cry1. The C-terminus of Cry1b is truncated before the conserved Ser-Thr-Ala-Glu-Ser-Ser-Ser (STAESSS) motif found in both Cry1a and Cry2. The Cry1b mRNA is expressed throughout the tomato plant, reaching maximal levels of expression in the flower (like Cry1a and Cry2). We conclude that tomato and barley contain at least one additional expressed member of the Cry1 gene family.
MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISM AND GENETIC STRUCTURE OF FLORIDA MOTTLED DUCK POPULATIONS

Abstract Little is understood concerning the effects regional isolation and habitat loss have had upon the genetic structure of Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula), a nonmigratory waterfowl species with a limited distribution. Our objective was to identify nuclear DNA-based markers for Mottled Ducks and determine levels of subdivision among populations in Florida. We screened 13 microsatellite primer pairs and identified six microsatellite loci that were variable in Mottled Ducks. These markers revealed a low level of genetic differentiation and a high level of genetic exchange among four Mottled Duck subpopulations within Florida. Over all populations, single-locus expected heterozygosities over the six loci surveyed ranged from 0.13–0.85. There were no significant differences in gene frequencies among the populations examined, and the Fst over 5 biparental loci was not different from zero. Our analysis of the Florida Mottled Duck population indicated high levels of heterozygosity and no evidence of genetic subdivision among breeding units. Polimorfismo en Microsatélites y Estructura Genética en Poblaciones de Anas fulvigula Resumen. Se tiene escaso conocimiento acerca de los efectos del aislamiento regional y de la pérdida de hábitat sobre la estructura genética de poblaciones de Anas fulvigula, un ave acuática no migratoria de distribución restringida. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar marcadores genéticos de ADN para A. fulvigula y determinar los niveles de subdivisión entre poblaciones en Florida. Examinamos 13 pares de iniciadores (i.e., primers) para microsatélites e identificamos seis loci que fueron variables en A. fulvigula. Estos marcadores revelaron un bajo nivel de diferenciación genética y un alto grado de intercambio genético entre cuatro subpoblaciones de A. fulvigula en Florida. Para todas las poblaciones, la heterocigocidad esperada en un locus varió entre 0.13–0.85 para los seis loci examinados. No hubo diferencias significativas en las frecuencias génicas entre las subpoblaciones examinadas, y el valor de Fst para los 5 loci biparentales no fue diferente de cero. Nuestros análisis de las poblaciones de A. fulvigula de Florida indicaron altos niveles de heterocigocidad y no mostraron evidencia de subdivisión genética entre las unidades reproductivas.
Using the strategy map as a strategic communication tool in higher education: A case study of Warsaw University of Life Sciences

The governments are often engaged in the higher education sector, which is justified by the need for support in creating and upgrading human capital and scientific knowledge – the key production factors in the New Economy era. However, universities as well as other public organizations are commonly criticized for lack of effectiveness and efficiency. The New Public Management concept claims that public sector organizations should try to use management tools and techniques to better accomplish the requirements of their stakeholders. After a period of an enormous growth the higher education system in Poland is actually faced with a set of serious challenges. In order to meet the requirements of accountability, performance measurement and strategic planning, Polish universities can use the Balanced Scorecard and the tools developed in this methodology, such as the strategy map. As it was illustrated by the case study of the biggest life sciences university in Poland – the strategy map could be a helpful technique for communicating the strategic intent of such a public organization. It could be also useful as an input for the performance measurement and subsequently for the strategy execution system. The adaptation of such tools requires some modifications, but expected benefits could justify such an effort.
Interindividual glucose dynamics in different frequency bands for online prediction of subcutaneous glucose concentration in type 1 diabetic subjects

This article investigates the interindividual variability of underlying glucose dynamics and the relative predictive power of exogenous inputs in different frequency bands (FBs) for online subcutaneous glucose prediction for subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Auto-regressive (AR) models and AR models with exogenous inputs (ARX) are developed based on two groups of ambulatory subjects and two groups of in silico subjects using different combinations of FBs. Some important modeling parameters are studied with respect to their influences on glucose prediction. Four issues are of particular interest and discussed based on the illustration results, suggesting that: (i) In different frequency bands, the underlying glucose dynamics act differently across subjects for online glucose prediction; (ii) A global AR model can be developed for one subject in some FB and then used to make online glucose predictions for other subjects in the same FB, revealing little interindividual variability; (iii) The exogenous inputs have different influences in different FBs for prediction of future subcutaneous glucose concentration; (iv) The exogenous inputs may not excite the glucose signals in some FBs, that is, the inclusion of the exogenous inputs may not result in more accurate models in comparison with standard AR model in some FBs. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4228–4240, 2013
Finding Cut On Spectral-Hard Graphs Using Local Algorithms

We study the graph cut problem under local settings: algorithms have the constraint that its run time must be proportional to the set it outputs, instead of the entire graph. Quality of cut is measured under conductance metric. We experiment modiﬁed versions of Nibble algorithm in [1] and local pagerank algorithm in [2] on graphs that are designed to be “hard” on these algorithms
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF V1 AND G

Propagation of a plant in efficient way is the prime act of any farming and plays vital role in its existence, survival and perennial in nature cultivated as seasonal crop for its foliage to feed silkworm ( mainly propagated through vegetatively and plays major role on the upliftment and soc conditions of the sericulturists. Therefore, proficient method of propagation not only saves farmers economy but also plays pivotal role on the future of sericulture. Keeping the above aspects two popular mulberry varieties such as V1 and G4 mu December, 2018 considering as one of the favourable season to raise mulberry nurseries at Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Ananthapuram, Andhra Pradesh. planted days of plantation G4 mulberry variety has recorded increased levels of sprouting (6.36%), survival (10.90%) compared to V1 mulberry var. Similarly 60 and 90 da of G4 was luxuriant and healthy recording an increased plant height (66.67%), sapling biomass (66.67%), sapling shoot weight (46.51%) and root biomass (128.57%) compared to V1. Further, G4 saplings have also exhibited thrips and leaf hoffers compared to V1 mulberry saplings indicating its susceptibility in resisting the seasonal pests incidents by recording 64.50%. The above results not only encou community for opting G4 mulberry variety as the best plantation of choice to raise nurseries but also opens avenues to adopt as standing crop as alternate to V1 mulberry as because G4 is not only a high yielding variety but also suitable only. Hence, G4 can be considered as strong in nurseries, healthy against pests and most suitable for bivoltine silkworm rearing thereby encouraging the farming community for adoption and rearing for enhanced quality cocoon production.
Particle Acceleration in Alfven Waves Above the Aurora: Observations and Simulations

We demonstrate how Alfven wave energy is dissipated in near-Earth space through electron and ion acceleration due to non-MHD corrections to Alfven wave dispersion and the ponderomotive force. It shown from observations from the FAST spacecraft and simulations how Alfven waves accelerate electrons and ions to produce aurora and intense ion outflow from the high latitude ionosphere. Statistical measurements are employed to examine the dissipation of wave energy in Alfven waves as a function of altitude and compared directly with those obtained through simulations.
LOCATING ORE UNDERCOVER USING LOCATORE® AND OTHER GEOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES. EXAMPLES FROM STAWELL, VICTORIA AND HONEYMOON WELL, WA

As mining industries move into the 21 century new economic mineral deposits are becoming more difficult to locate. Exploration for major ore bodies is progressing under various depths and types of regolith cover. As this trend in exploration continues, geochemical investigation will play an important role in the success of exploration, particularly in regions of transported overburden and poor geophysical response.
Um modelo para a determinação do equilíbrio térmico de bovinos em ambientes tropicais

An equation based on heat transfer theory was presented to estimate the rate of heat loss from cattle exposed to a tropical environment, specified by the air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed. The animals' variables (sweating rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, surface temperature, haircoat color, and body weight) were considered together with environmental variables (air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and globe temperature). The equation allows the prediction of (a) the metabolic heat production level necessary to balance heat losses under specified environmental conditions; (b) the combination of environmental factors that provide a determined heat flux between a given animal and its environment.
ASR free End-to-End SLU using the Transformer

End-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU) systems directly map speech to intent through a single trainable model whereas conventional SLU systems use Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to convert speech to text and utilize Natural Language Understanding (NLU) to get intent. In this paper, we show how transformer-based architecture can be used for building end to end SLU systems. We conducted experiments on the Fluent Speech Commands (FSC) dataset, where intents are formed as combinations of three slots namely action, object, and location. We also demonstrate how state-of-the-art results can be obtained us-ing a combination of various data augmentation methods.
Chemical Priming by Isothiocyanates Protects Against Intoxication by Products of the Mustard Oil Bomb

In Brassicaceae, tissue damage triggers the mustard oil bomb i.e., activates the degradation of glucosinolates by myrosinases leading to a rapid accumulation of isothiocyanates at the site of damage. Isothiocyanates are reactive electrophilic species (RES) known to covalently bind to thiols in proteins and glutathione, a process that is not only toxic to herbivores and microbes but can also cause cell death of healthy plant tissues. Previously, it has been shown that subtoxic isothiocyanate concentrations can induce transcriptional reprogramming in intact plant cells. Glutathione depletion by RES leading to breakdown of the redox potential has been proposed as a central and common RES signal transduction mechanism. Using transcriptome analyses, we show that after exposure of Arabidopsis seedlings (grown in liquid culture) to subtoxic concentrations of sulforaphane hundreds of genes were regulated without depletion of the cellular glutathione pool. Heat shock genes were among the most highly up-regulated genes and this response was found to be dependent on the canonical heat shock factors A1 (HSFA1). HSFA1-deficient plants were more sensitive to isothiocyanates than wild type plants. Moreover, pretreatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with subtoxic concentrations of isothiocyanates increased resistance against exposure to toxic levels of isothiocyanates and, hence, may reduce the autotoxicity of the mustard oil bomb by inducing cell protection mechanisms.
Bumblebees utilize floral cues differently on vertically and horizontally arranged flowers

Pollinators have the capability of discriminating a wide variety of floral cues in order to identify rewarding flowers. However, little is known about how possible ecological or functional implications of horizontal and vertical positioning of flowers affect pollinator decision making. Flowers are commonly either arranged horizontally in meadows or vertically in inflorescences and blooming trees or bushes. Using bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), we here investigate if these 2 different foraging scenarios affect decision-making accuracy using an operant learning paradigm. Training foragers to feeders arranged either horizontally or vertically but bearing identical color or pattern cues, we found a highly significant and consistent difference in feeder choice accuracy. Bees presented with horizontally arranged feeders achieved accuracies of more than 90% by the end of the training. In contrast, bees foraging on vertically arranged feeders largely disregarded the feeder cues and accuracies remained well below 70%. Apart from feeder arrangement (horizontal, vertical) neither cue type (color, pattern), feeder display orientation (horizontal, vertical) nor vertical feeder distribution contributed significantly to choice accuracy. Training bees successively on vertical, horizontal, and vertical feeder arrays revealed that individual bees are capable of discriminating the presented feeder cues with high precision on the horizontal plane but did not use the acquired knowledge on subsequently presented vertically arranged feeders. Our results indicate that the spatial arrangement of flowers has marked effects on the foraging strategy employed by a generalist pollinator. We discuss the broader implications of foragers selectively allocating attention to focus on or disregard environmental information depending on spatial context.