Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Managerial Discretion in Multi-Task Environments: Experimental Evidence

This study uses an experiment to investigate managerial discretion in multi-task environments. Prior work provides evidence that managerial discretion often affects performance less positively or even negatively in these environments. We identify and analyze three potential drivers for these effects. First, for fairness reasons, employees may not prefer bonus allocations based on efficient effort only. Second, the mere presence of a manager (as opposed to an automatic bonus allocation) may lead employees to be concerned about how bonuses will be allocated. This consumes cognitive resources and may distort effort provision. Finally, managers could deliberately deviate from rewarding efficient effort because their assessment of employees’ fairness preferences for rewarding inefficient effort is biased. In line with our predictions, we find evidence in favor of the second and third driver but not the first. Our results contribute by enhancing our understanding of the effects of managerial discretion in multi-task environments.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI LAZNAS IZI KANTOR PERWAKILAN RIAU DALAM RANGKA SOSIALISASI ZAKAT

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Strategi Komunikasi Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (Laznas) Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia Kantor Perwakilan Riau Dalam Rangka Sosialisasi Zakat. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Perwakilan, Kepala Bidang Edukasi Kemitraan Zakat, dan Staf. Penentuan informan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, yaitu orang-orang yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria dalam penelitian. Adapun teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif, berupa kata-kata, narasi-narasi, baik yang diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi maupun dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan disetiap strategi Komunikasi Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (Laznas) Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia Kantor Perwakilan Riau dalam rangka Sosialisasi Zakat ada dua, yaitu: strategi langsung ( face to face) dan tidak langsung, dua strategi ini mampu memberikan kontribusi yang luar biasa, dan merupakan perpaduan antara konvensional dan modern. Jika dimaksimalkan, maka akan terwujud semua tujuan dari sosialisasi zakat kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Selanjutnya, melihat bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia (IZI) Perwakilan Riau sudah sesuai dengan teori yang ada, pada beberapa bagian sudah bisa memaksimalkan potensi, phoneselling contohnya, bisa berubah menjadi layanan yang sangat bagus bagi masyarakat karena dinilai sangat praktis dan mudah, selain itu hasil yang didapatkan juga maksimal. K ata-kata kunci: strategi; komunikasi; laznas; sosialisasi zakat Ab s t rac t T his study aims to explanation the Communication Strategy of the National Amil Zakat Institution (Laznas) Indonesian Zakat Initiative Riau Representative Office In the Context of Dissemination of Zakat, the informants in this study are the Chief Representative, the Head of Zakat Partnership Education, and Staff. Determine the informants of this study using i nterview techniques, namely people who are selected based on the criteria in the study. The analysis technique used is qualitative data, in the form of words, narratives, both obtained from interviews, observations and documentation. Based on the results of research in every communication strategy of the National Amil Zakat Institution (Laznas) Indonesian Zakat Initiative in Riau Representative Office in the context of Zakat Socialization, there are: direct (face to face) and indirect strategies, these two strategies are able to provide extraordinary contributions , and is a blend of conventional and modern. If maximized, all the goals of the socialization of zakat will be realized to all levels of society. Furthermore, seeing that the strategy used by the Indonesian Zakat Initiative (IZI) representative of Riau is in accordance with existing theories, even in some parts it has been able to maximize its potential, for example cellphone, can turn into a very good service for the community because it is considered very practical and easy, besides the results obtained are also maximum. K ey w o r ds : strategy; communication; laznas; dissemination of zakat
Creation of a Case Definition to Identify People Living with HIV using Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network data

Background: HIV care that has been predominantly specialty based can often be managed in primary care settings. The Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) database is a rich source of electronic medical records of primary care practices. A case definition for HIV using CPCSSN allows the examination of epidemiology and healthcare utilization of people living with HIV (PLHIV) whose records are in this database and assists us to better understand the primary care of PLHIV. The objective of this study was to develop a case definition for HIV applicable to the CPCSSN database. Methods: Electronic medical record data from CPCSSN was used to develop a retrospective cohort between 2009 and 2017. We identified all possible records of PLHIV in the CPCSSN dataset based on the presence of HIV codes, keywords and medications. Multiple combination of codes, keywords and medications were analyzed to see which resulted in the most accurate definition of PLHIV. To assess the validity, we linked the data to external references (a Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) PLHIV cohort and Nine Circles HIV clinic in Manitoba) and an internal reference (a random sample of the CPCSSN database which was reviewed by two experts to confirm HIV status). Results: We found that the presence of an HIV keyword along with either an ICD code or taking 3 or more HIV medications concurrently was the most accurate algorithm for predicting PLHIV with a sensitivity of 95%, 97.9% and 88.9%, specificity of 63.5%, 100% and 100% for the NL PLHIV cohort, Nine Circles HIV clinic data and internal reference, respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop an algorithm for identifying people with HIV applicable to the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network database. This algorithm-based case definition will support future research investigating the utilization of primary healthcare by PLHIV and facilitate improvements in primary care for PLHIV.
Analysis and Diagnosis of Shielded Cable Faults Based on Finite-Element Method and Time-Reversal Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry

Due to the electrical, thermal, and mechanical stress, the insulating materials of cable undergo a slow aging process in service, which leads to the decline of insulation performance. Besides, friction frequently occurs when the cable is moving or vibrating, which will easily cause mechanical damage including frays and chafes. Both aging and damage will cause the characteristic impedance to change. Therefore, it is of great significance for the safe operation of the cable to analyze the variations of characteristic impedance and to make an effective diagnosis. In this article, a two-dimensional model of the cable containing defects is first built, and the characteristic impedance of the model is calculated by the finite-element method (FEM). Meanwhile, a quantitative analysis of the characteristic impedance under two defect types is carried out. Second, combining the space-time focusing of time-reversal and the time-frequency characteristics of reflectometry, the time-reversal time-frequency domain reflectometry (TRTFDR) is proposed to diagnose the cable faults. Based on the distributed parameters calculated by the FEM, the TRTFDR simulation model is established to study the judgment of different faults. Finally, the validity of this method is verified by experiments.
An Overview of Systems and Techniques for Autonomous Robotic Ultrasound Acquisitions

Ultrasound (US) acquisition in standard clinical procedures requires manual operation of the probe based on the interpretation of the image. A robotic system for autonomous US acquisitions holds great promise to relieve the workload of sonographers, improve access to care, yield more standardized imaging results, and circumvent the need for direct patient contact. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current status of systems and techniques for autonomous robotic US acquisitions in the literature. Specifically, we first present a framework to standardize the increasing levels of autonomy in robotic ultrasonography and briefly discuss the non-autonomous and semi-autonomous systems. Then, we systematically review the existing autonomous robotic systems developed for extracorporeal US acquisitions based on the hardware components, workflow and applications. Besides, we summarize three important topics related with the autonomous US acquisitions, including the scanning path planning, contact force control and image quality optimization, and introduce current methods and techniques proposed on each topic. Finally, we discuss the challenges and provide some potential directions for future research. We believe that the presented efforts in autonomous robotic US acquisitions will pave the way for a promising future of medical care and benefit a broad spectrum of clinical procedures.
PRIDAM: A Framework for Teaching Programming

The drive to teach programming across Key Stages 1–4 in UK schools has resulted in computer science teachers without computer science degrees. Many of these teachers find it difficult to teach an abstract concept like programming to children. The work presented here proposes a framework for teaching programming to aid teachers and pupil progress. PRIMM, a state-of-the-art framework, was implemented in two Year 9 classes of a comprehensive school in England. Results presented show that when it comes to solving problems, PRIMM performs well for simple single-statement problems but fails for more complex multi-statement problems. PRIDAM improves on PRIMM by introducing problem Decomposition and Arrangement which makes it more suitable for more complex multi-statement problems. The authors conclude that whereas the PRIMM framework is suitable for introducing concepts, PRIDAM is suitable both for introducing concepts and solving programming problems.
A Data‐Driven Gaussian Process Regression Model for Two‐Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells

Rapidly and accurately modeling of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) plays an important role not only in thorough understanding of the effects of operating conditions on system performance, but also in the successful implementation of real‐time maximization of power output. Although the first principle electrochemical model has better generalization performance, it is often time‐consuming for model construction and is hard to real‐time application. In this study, a nonparametric Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is used to capture the nonlinear relationship between operating conditions and output voltage in the MFCs. A simple online learning strategy is proposed to recursively update the hyper‐parameters of the GPR model. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by both the simulation and experimental datasets from the acetate and the glucose and glutamic acid two‐chamber MFCs. The results illustrate that the online GPR model provides a promising method for capturing the complex nonlinearity phenomenon in MFCs, which can be greatly helpful for further real‐time optimization of MFCs.
A Novel Micro Gripper-based Manipulation System for a Single μLED Array

μLED has advantages in brightness, power consumption and response speed. In addition, μLED can also be used as micro sensors implanted in the body via flexible electronic skin. One of the key technology is the transfer printing of μLED. Although numerous methods have been proposed for transfer printing technology, improving the yield of μLED array is still a formidable task. In this paper, we proposed a novel method in improving the yield of μLED array, transferred by the stamping method, using an innovative design of piezoelectric driven asymmetric micro gripper. A μLED manipulation system was constructed based on a micro gripper of a three dimensional positioning system. The experimental results showed that this system could be used to manipulate μLED array.
Room-temperature sensing performance of hydrogen using palladium-based film by optical setup

H2 sensing performance of novel Pd–Pt alloy films has been compared with those obtained by using Pd films and H2-reducted PdO films. Two different detecting systems were used to measure the hydrogenation and de-hydrogenation phases with a H2 concentration of both 5% v/v nitrogen and 1% v/v nitrogen at room temperature. The sensitivity loss observed for the Pd–Pt alloy and H2-reducted PdO samples with respect to pure Pd samples can be explained in terms of the reduction in the lattice constant and interstitial volume due to the Pt addition, which determine a decrement of hydrogen atoms penetrating in the films. On the other hand, results show an improvement in time -response for Pd–Pt alloy and H2-reducted PdO films with respect to pure Pd ones, presumably due to the increase of its permeability to H2. Moreover, the sensing measurements repeated after 60 days show that the Pd–Pt alloy films, unlike the Pd-based ones, fully preserve their performances, demonstrating the advantage of the Pt inclusion for stability purposes when the samples are stored upon humidity.
Health Monitoring of Chain Sprocket Drive System based on IoT Device and Convolutional Neural Network

This paper proposes a health monitoring method for the early detection of defects in a chain sprocket drive (CSD) system and classification of fault types before a catastrophic failure occurs. In the operation of a CSD system, the early detection of defects is very useful to prevent system failure. Specially, if the type of defect is known, it will be easy to find a method to fix it. In this work, eight fault types in the components of the CSD system, such as the gear tooth, bearings, and shaft of the drive motor, were arbitrarily made and assembled. To detect the fault signals during the CSD system operation, the vibration is measured by an Internet of Things (IoT) device, which features a wireless MEMS accelerometer, Bluetooth function, Wi-Fi function, and battery. The IoT device is mounted on the gearbox housing. The measured one-dimensional vibration time-series is transformed into time-scale images by continuous wavelet transform (CWT). A convolution neural network (CNN) is employed to extract deep features embedded in the images, which are closely related to fault types. To update the learning parameters of the CNN, the RMSprop learning algorithm is applied, and the CNN is trained using 500 image samples. Multiple classification performance of the trained network is tested using 100 image samples. Feature maps for different fault types are obtained from the final convolution layer of the CNN. For the visualization of fault types, t-stochastic neighbor embedding is employed and applied to the feature maps to convert high-dimensional data into two-dimensional data. Two-dimensional features enabled excellent classification of the eight fault types and one normal type.
Multidimensional Analysis of Fish Diversity on Lake Issyk-Kul

Studying the biodiversity of Issyk-Kul lake is one of the most important issues for assessing the state of its ecosystem, as well as determining the strategy for managing and preserving the bioresources of the lake. To study the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem, there are various ap-proaches and methods for determining it. This article presents a research paper that was conducted to determine the biodiversity of fish species on lake Issyk-Kul and methods for calculating them through the Shannon-Weiner biodiversity index, the Simpson index (D) and the Simpson diversity index (1 - D). Biodiversity indices are a measure of species richness (the number of species in situ) and their uniformity of distribution in a body of water. The analysis of data on catches was carried out using a multidimensional analysis of the main components of PCA (principle component analysis). The statistical software package MINITAB (version 16) was used to perform PCA analysis. In this regard, the results of the above methods determined the species and dominant composition of fish species, their uniformity and distribution in the studied areas of lake Issyk-Kul.
Converter-Free Power Delivery Using Voltage Stacking for Near/Subthreshold Operation

Integrated circuits operating in the near/subthreshold region offer low energy consumption. However, due to the constrained voltage scalability of SRAMs, efficient power delivery is difficult to achieve. A traditional implementation would require at least two distinct voltage supplies generated by possibly two power converters. In this article, a new implementation for near/subthreshold operation is presented. The proposed implementation consists of a new “converter-free” design based on a three-level voltage stack operating at 1.8 V ± 5%. Here, the leakage current from the SRAMs in the top stack is recycled to sustain the near/subthreshold operation of the logic circuits in the two lower stacks. A test chip with the proposed voltage-stacking technique was implemented in a 28-nm low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (LVT) fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) technology. The test chip is an ultralow-power advanced system-on-chip (SoC) consisting of an RISC-V core, a coarse-grained reconfigurable accelerator, and peripherals. The SoC uses a current sink and an adaptive body-bias controller for voltage regulation of the intermediate voltage rails between the stacks. The proposed system achieves up to 95% power delivery efficiency with negligible area overhead (~ 1%). The silicon measurement shows that the system energy efficiency is improved by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> on <italic>average</italic>, and the energy consumption is reduced by 37% on <italic>average</italic> compared to the flat implementation.
Graphene oxide-coated guided bone regeneration membranes with enhanced osteogenesis: Spectroscopic analysis and animal study

ABSTRACT Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a technique where a barrier membrane is placed over the bone defect to prevent cell growth from the connective tissue and epithelium. Titanium (Ti) has excellent mechanical properties and is one of the most frequently used materials in implant dentistry. This study examined how graphene oxide (GO)-coated Ti (GO-Ti) membranes can enhance the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts and promote new bone formation for potential applications to GBR. The physicochemical properties of GO-Ti membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and contact angle measurements. The cellular behaviors of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts on GO-Ti membranes were examined by cell counting kit-8 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. The effects of GO-Ti membranes on bone regeneration were evaluated by implanting them into rat calvarial defects. GO was coated uniformly on Ti substrates, which allowed a decrease in surface roughness and contact. GO-Ti membranes stimulated significantly ALP activity without interfering with their proliferation. Furthermore, GO-Ti membranes enhanced new bone formation significantly in full-thickness calvarial defects without inflammatory responses. Therefore, this suggests that GO-Ti membranes can be applied effectively to GBR because these graphene-coated Ti membranes have potent effects on stimulating osteogenic differentiation and exhibit superior bioactivity.
Social Media Content of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Groups and Pages on Facebook: Cross-sectional Analysis

Background Patients use Facebook as a resource for medical information. We analyzed posts on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-related Facebook groups and pages for the presence of guideline content, user engagement, and usefulness. Objective The objective of this study was to describe and analyze posts from Facebook groups and pages that primarily focus on IPF-related content. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed on a single date, identifying Facebook groups and pages resulting from separately searching “IPF” and “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ” For inclusion, groups and pages needed to meet either search term and be in English, publicly available, and relevant to IPF. Every 10th post was assessed for general characteristics, source, focus, and user engagement metrics. Posts were analyzed for presence of IPF guideline content, useful scientific information (eg, scientific publications), useful support information (eg, information about support groups), and potentially harmful information. Results Eligibility criteria were met by 12 groups and 27 pages, leading to analysis of 523 posts. Of these, 42% contained guideline content, 24% provided useful support, 20% provided useful scientific information, and 5% contained potentially harmful information. The most common post source was nonmedical users (85%). Posts most frequently focused on IPF-related news (29%). Posts containing any guideline content had fewer likes or comments and a higher likelihood of containing potentially harmful content. Posts containing useful supportive information had more likes, shares, and comments. Conclusions Facebook contains useful information about IPF, but posts with misinformation and less guideline content have higher user engagement, making them more visible. Identifying ways to help patients with IPF discriminate between useful and harmful information on Facebook and other social media platforms is an important task for health care professionals.
Development and Validation of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Doravirine and Efavirenz in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

A simple and rapid stability indicating reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method has been established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, doravirine and efavirenz in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic separation was performed on Acquity Ethylene Bridged Hybrid Phenyl (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The isocratic elution system of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50 v/v pumped at a flow rate 0.4 ml/min in isocratic mode. The injection volume set was 1 μl and the detection wavelength was 238 nm. The column temperature was set at 30o. The retention times of lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, doravirine and efavirenz were found to be 1.012 min, 1.233 min, 1.428 min and 1.666 min respectively with a total run time of 3 min. The proposed method was validated according to International Council on Harmonisation Q2 (R1) guidelines. The percentage recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.56 -100.40 %. The relative standard deviation values obtained during precision studies were found to be less than 2. Linearity between concentration and response was found within the specified concentration range and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999 for all the drugs. Degradation studies were carried out under various stress conditions such as acid, base, oxidation, heat and light and found no interference of degraded impurity peaks at the retention time of analyte peaks. Hence, the proposed ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method can be utilized in the routine quality investigation of lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, doravirine and efavirenz either individually or simultaneously in bulk and co-formulated dosage forms.