Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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 Recruiting teachers in the target language

Recruiting qualified world language (WL) educators is a continuing challenge in the United States. Limited research has been conducted on attracting potential teacher candidates. Furthermore, recruitment materials are unavailable in target languages, making it difficult for existing WL teachers, as critical advocates for the profession, to incorporate recruitment into their instruction. This study discusses the findings from the implementation of an adapted teacher recruitment curriculum created for secondary students in Early College Experience (ECE) Spanish courses. Using data from pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys, responses to writing prompts, and post‐intervention focus groups, we found that the curriculum contributed to a slight increase in student interest in becoming WL educators, as well as interest in continuing language study beyond high school. However, several teaching‐related student concerns also surfaced, most notably salary and target language ability. We discuss implications for general and WL teacher recruitment, including the importance of targeting potential WL educators in their language classrooms
Social integration and financial inclusion of forcibly displaced persons in Sub-Saharan African countries

Most government and international financial institutions worldwide have adopted financial inclusion as a veritable platform for achieving the Social Development Goals of hunger and poverty eradication, inequality reduction, and employment creation. Their efforts will not yield much dividend if a sizeable part of the populace are constrained from social and formal financial inclusion due to social disorder. This study examined the relationship between social seclusion of forcibly displaced persons from formal financial inclusion in twenty-seven Sub-Saharan African countries. Granger Error Correction Method (ECM) with Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) was used to analyze the short panel data obtained from the World Bank database. The study found a negative long-run relationship between social seclusion and financial inclusion. That is, an increase in social menace overtime will result in more people being financially excluded from formal financial transactions. It, therefore, recommends, amongst others, that government should encourage forcibly displaced persons to become gainfully employed and productive. Specifically, persons in refugee and internally displaced persons camps should be trained to acquire skills that will enable them to become self-employed, create wealth for themselves, and contribute actively to the sustainable economic growth of their host country rather than just provide food and other welfare packages as a temporal palliative for survival.
A novel siRNA–gemcitabine construct as a potential therapeutic for treatment of pancreatic cancer

Abstract The non-nucleoside analog gemcitabine has been the standard of care for treating pancreatic cancer. The drug shows good potency in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro but, due to poor bioavailability, requires administration in large doses by infusion and this systemic exposure results in significant toxicity for the patient. Genes have been identified that, when silenced by siRNA, synergize with gemcitabine treatment and offer a means of reducing the gemcitabine dosage required for efficacy. However, benefiting from the synergism between the two agents requires that the gemcitabine and siRNA penetrate the same cells. To ensure co-delivery, we incorporated gemcitabine covalently within siRNAs against targets synergistic with gemcitabine (CHK1 or RAD17). We demonstrated that specific bases within an siRNA can be replaced with gemcitabine to increase efficacy. The result is a single drug molecule that simultaneously co-delivers gemcitabine and a synergistic siRNA. The siRNA–gemcitabine constructs demonstrate a 5–30-fold improvement in potency compared with gemcitabine alone. Co-delivering a CHK1 siRNA–gemcitabine construct together with a WEE1 siRNA resulted in a 10-fold improvement in IC50 compared with gemcitabine alone. These constructs demonstrate efficacy across a wide array of pancreatic tumor cells and may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating pancreatic cancer.
Capabilities of Corporate Volunteering in Strengthening Social Capital

Corporate volunteering is becoming increasingly popular among the ways that companies manifest their social responsibility. Its popularity is due to the variety of benefits it brings to all parties. Among other things, it is capable of strengthening social capital, although specific phenomena and processes related to this remain largely unexplored. The aim of the paper is to identify how the frequency and intensity of contacts between volunteers and beneficiaries affect social capital building. The empirical study was based on a qualitative research approach and conducted in the form of individual semi-structured interviews with employees responsible for corporate volunteering in their companies. The results of the study suggest that corporate volunteering strengthens social capital regardless of the extent to which volunteers have contact with the beneficiaries of their volunteering work. However, the frequency and intensity of this contact may affect specific dimensions of social capital, leading to the strengthening of bonding social capital and/or bridging social capital.
Feasibility of Using Aeration to Cool Wheat Stored in Slovenia: A Predictive Modeling Approach Using Historical Weather Data

The use of aeration, which refers to cooling of a grain mass using low-volume airflow rates with ambient air, is an under-utilized component of management programs. A model simulation study was conducted for the country of Slovenia by examining historical weather data for 10 selected sites to determine if sufficient cooling hours <15 °C were available in August and September to cool stored wheat. The weather data were then coupled with a degree-day model to determine if a generation of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, could be produced in the absence of aeration, using a start date of 1 August. The weather data for September was used to classify Slovenia into different risk zones, depending on the number hours <15 °C. Three sites from each zone, from warmest to coolest, Portorož, Novo Mesto, and Lesce, were further examined using a web-based aeration model and insect population growth model for S. oryzae developed by Texas A&M University Beaumont TX for cooling stored rough rice, to predict bin temperatures and population growth from 1 August to 30 November. The results show that, for most of Slovenia, in the absence of aeration, a complete generation of S. oryzae could occur based on an infestation beginning 1 August. The use of aeration immediately cooled stored wheat in the three selected sites, resulting in a dramatic decrease in predicted populations of S. oryzae in aerated wheat compared to unaerated wheat. The results show that the use of aeration may be expanded in Slovenia for management of stored commodities, and it could help alleviate dependence on insecticides for insect pest management after harvest.
Genomic insights into speciation history and local adaptation of an alpine aspen in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and adjacent highlands

Natural selection serves as an important agent to drive and maintain interspecific divergence. Populus rotundifolia Griff. is an alpine aspen species that mainly occurs in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent highlands, whereas its sister species, P. davidiana Dode, is distributed across southwest and central to northeast China in much lower altitude regions. In this study, we collected genome resequencing data of 53 P. rotundifolia and 42 P. davidiana individuals across their natural distribution regions. Our population genomic data suggest that the two species are well delimitated in the allopatric regions, but with hybrid zones in their adjacent region in the eastern QTP. Coalescent simulations suggest that P. rotundifolia diverged from P. davidiana in the middle Pleistocene with following continuous gene flow since divergence. In addition, we found numerous highly diverged genes with outlier signatures that are likely associated with high‐altitude adaptation of these alpine aspens. Our finding indicate that Quaternary climatic changes and natural selection have greatly contributed to the origin and distinction maintenance of P. rotundifolia in the QTP.
The effects of enzymatically treated soybean meal on growth performance and intestinal structure, barrier integrity, inflammation, oxidative status, and volatile fatty acid production of nursery pigs

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of diets containing increasing amounts of enzymatically treated soybean meal (ESBM) but decreasing amounts of soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, intestinal structure, and barrier integrity, inflammation, and oxidative status in weaned pigs. A total of 480 pigs [6.3 ± 1.2 kg body weight (BW)] were blocked by initial BW and pens (n = 12 per treatment) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were fed in three phases (days 0–14, 14–28, and 28–35) over a 35-d period. The four dietary treatments consisted of a negative control diet (NC): the NC with 7.0% ESBM (ESBM1), the NC with 14.0% ESBM (ESBM2), and the NC with 21.0% ESBM (ESBM3). Soybean meal was reduced proportionately in each treatment. In phase 2, ESBM inclusion was decreased by 50% (3.5%, 7.0%, and 10.5% ESBM, respectively); phase 3 was a common diet and contained no ESBM. Fecal score was visually ranked weekly using a four-point scale. Intestinal tissue, digesta, and blood samples were collected from 48 pigs (1 per pen) on day 10. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with pen as the experimental unit; diet and block were considered fixed effects. Linear and quadratic contrasts were used to determine the effect of increasing ESBM. Overall, ESBM2 and ESBM3 decreased final BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake compared to NC and ESBM1 (diet, P < 0.05; linear, P < 0.05). Overall fecal score (diet, P < 0.05) and fecal dry matter (P < 0.05) were improved by feeding ESBM diets compared to NC. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA in ileal contents increased as ESBM inclusion increased (P < 0.05). Colonic VFA concentration was not impacted (P > 0.10). Total antioxidant capacity was increased by ESBM (P < 0.05). The concentration of mucosal interleukin-4 increased as the inclusion of ESBM increased (linear, P < 0.05). Messenger ribonucleic acid abundance of occludin and zonula-occludens-1 in ileal tissue was increased by ESBM1 or ESBM2 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the dietary levels of ESBM over 7% had a negative impact on nursery pig performance, but ESBM positively impacted fecal score. Feeding ESBM improved oxidative status and intestinal barrier integrity while increasing ileal VFA production but had minimal impact on intestinal inflammation or morphology. Further research is needed to determine the optimal inclusion level of ESBM.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA: AN ANALYSIS FROM INVESTORS PERSPECTIVE

Globalization has made worldwide mobility of money extremely easy. The investors prefer to invest in places that offer attractive returns and are relatively less risky. The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) gives developing countries access to capital that would otherwise be not available. FDI also provides much needed foreign exchange and therefore helps to adjust some of the macroeconomic imbalances in developing countries. Every country is trying to attract investors by providing business friendly environment, which are quite attractive and easy to start and generate profits. The main objectives of this study are to find out the status of Indonesia as a destination for FDI; the factors that attract FDI into Indonesia and how these can be enhanced, and the factors that hinder the flow of FDI into Indonesia and how these can be reduced. The study covers a period of five years from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019. The study analysis various determinants of FDI like market size, economic growth, infrastructure, political risk, corruption, labor market, raw materials, technological readiness, innovation, financial system, taxation, cost of capital, ease of doing business and government policies. The study shows that Indonesian environment is investor-friendly and has the potential to grow.
Finite Element Study of MHD Impacts on the Rotating Flow of Casson Nanofluid with the Double Diffusion Cattaneo—Christov Heat Flux Model

A study for MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) impacts on the rotating flow of Casson nanofluids is considered. The concentration and temperature distributions are related along with the double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov model, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The governing equations in the 3D form are changed into dimensionless two-dimensional form with the implementation of suitable scaling transformations. The variational finite element procedure is harnessed and coded in Matlab script to obtain the numerical solution of the coupled nonlinear partial differential problem. The variation patterns of Sherwood number, Nusselt number, skin friction coefficients, velocities, concentration, and temperature functions are computed to reveal the physical nature of this examination. It is seen that higher contributions of the magnetic force, Casson fluid, and rotational fluid parameters cause to raise the temperature like thermophoresis and Brownian motion does but causes slowing the primary as well as secondary velocities. The FEM solutions showing an excellent correlation with published results. The current study has significant applications in the biomedical, modern technologies of aerospace systems, and relevance to energy systems.
ASSESSING THE INSIGHTS ON EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING USING THE AUGMENTED REALITY EXPLORATION

In the tertiary educational setting, learning is often taken place in a classroom environment that is too formal. Thus, to break the norm and to make learning enjoyable, exploration of a new method of knowledge dissemination using Augmented Reality (AR) was experimented in the teaching and learning of steel construction in architectural education. This exploration is intended to initiate an active learning and enjoyable environment for students at the university level. Hence, this paper examines students' insights on their experiences of AR exploration, where they actively learn through playing, experimenting, socialising and collaborating with their peers. During the learning process, students produced virtual steel construction details models, and then visualised the models through AR application that shows an interface with real time and real space. Prior to the AR exploration, students went through a series of workshops where they collaboratively developed models of steel construction details, based on their completed research. Students' feedback was sought after they completed the projects, particularly on their impression towards the project. The collected data was in the format of verbatim, obtained by having open-ended questionnaires. The data would be analysed using qualitative methods of content analysis using atlas.ti software. The generated frequency of coded factors would be quantified to produce an empirical result. Most students positively gave feedback that the new method applied for learning is effective and exciting, and they suggested the same approach should be implemented to other courses in the architectural educational program.The AR application had also offered them to have very practical and economical techniques of active learning, with the merger of ICT and online conveniences.
Reply Using Past Replies—A Deep Learning-Based E-Mail Client

Email is the most common and effective source of communication for most enterprises and individuals. In the corporate sector the volume of email received daily is significant while timely reply of each email is important. This generates a huge amount of work for the organisation, in particular for the staff located in the help-desk role. In this paper we present a novel Smart E-mail Management System (SEMS) for handling the issue of E-mail overload. The Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) model was used for designing a Smart Email Client in previous research. Since TF-IDF does not consider semantics between words, the replies suggested by the model are not very accurate. In this paper we apply Document to Vector (Doc2Vec) and introduce a novel Gated Recurrent Unit Sentence to Vector (GRU-Sent2Vec), which is a hybrid model by combining GRU and Sent2Vec. Both models are more intelligent as compared to TF-IDF. We compare our results from both models with TF-IDF. The Doc2Vec model performs the best on predicting a response for a similar new incoming Email. In our case, since the dataset is too small to require a deep learning algorithm model, the GRU-Sent2Vec hybrid model cannot produce ideal results, whereas in our understanding it is a robust method for long-text prediction.
A genetic link between whole-plant water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope composition in the C4 grass Setaria

Increasing whole plant water use efficiency (yield per transpiration; WUEplant) through plant breeding can benefit the sustainability of agriculture and improve crop yield under drought. To select for WUEplant, an efficient phenotyping method that reports on the genetic contribution of component traits such as transpiration efficiency (TEi; rate of CO2 assimilation per stomatal conductance) must be developed. Leaf carbon stable isotope composition (δ13Cleaf) has been proposed as a high-throughput proxy for TEi, and a negative correlation between δ13Cleaf and both WUEplant and TEi has previously been demonstrated in several C4 grass species. Therefore, the aim of the research presented here was to determine if the same loci control δ13Cleaf, WUEplant, and TEi under well-watered and water-limited conditions in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of closely related C4 grasses Setaria viridis and S. italica. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for δ13Cleaf were co-localized with transpiration, biomass, and a linear model of WUE. When WUEplant was calculated for allele classes based on the three QTL for δ13Cleaf, δ13Cleaf was negatively correlated with WUEplant as theory predicts when WUEplant is in part driven by differences in TEi. In any population, multiple traits can influence WUEplant; however, the analysis of δ13Cleaf in this RIL population demonstrates that there is genetic control of TEi that significantly contributes to WUEplant. Furthermore, this research suggests that δ13Cleaf can be used in marker-assisted breeding to select for TEi and as a tool to better understand the physiology and genetic architecture of TEi and WUEplant in C4 species. Significance Statement Overextended water resources and drought are major agricultural problems worldwide. Therefore, selection for increased plant water use efficiency (WUEplant) in food and biofuel crop species is an important trait in plant breeding programs. Leaf carbon isotopic composition (δ13Cleaf) has potential as a rapid and effective high throughput phenotyping method for intrinsic transpiration efficiency (TEi), an important leaf-level component trait of WUEplant. Our research shows that δ13Cleaf and WUEplant share a common genetic architecture through their shared relationship with TEi. This suggests that δ13Cleaf can be used as a screen for TEi in marker-assisted plant breeding programs to improve crop drought resistance and decrease agricultural water consumption.
The Evolutionary Implication of Gene Expression Variation in Eukaryotes: From Yeast to Human

The expression level of a single gene can vary substantially within and between species, which might facilitate the emergence and fixation of novel expression patterns in the course of evolution. With rapidly accumulating data from genome-wide expression profiling, dense genotyping and individual genome re-sequencing, it is now possible to pinpoint the genetic loci that potentially give rise to gene expression variation. However, what remains elusive is how expression changes could be attributed to the differences in genetic elements, and our understanding of the phenotypic manifestation resulting from gene expression variation is far from comprehensive. In this thesis, I aim to answer these questions in budding yeast and in human. I first studied duplicated genes in budding yeast, which usually shared the identical expression patterns immediately upon duplication events. I searched for the cis-elements, whose divergence might explain the substantial expression variation between the extant paralogs, and established the role of nucleosome occupancy in driving expression differentiation between yeast duplicates. I next investigated the role of trans-factors in establishing speciesor populationspecific gene expression, and my study was specifically focused on primate microRNAs as a special class of regulators in trans. I first delineated the evolutionary trajectory of an X-linked primate microRNA cluster, and then proposed its function in regulating primate epididymal
Homocystein: A new biochemical marker in livestock sector

The livestock sector is making great contributions to the world economy. Many different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney and mineral substance insufficiency, cause huge losses in yield and production in the livestock sector. Early diagnosis is essential to combat these diseases. Today, homocysteine levels are used as biochemical markers in the diagnosis of the functions and diseases of many different organs in human medicine. Homocysteine is an amino acid that occurs in the process of methionine metabolism and does not enter the primary structure of proteins. Homocysteine is a biochemical marker used in the assessment of cardiovascular and renal diseases as well as other organ functions. In this review, homocysteine determination methods and detailed information about which organ and system diseases can be used in livestock sector will
Brief Communication: Ice Sheet Elevation Measurements from the Sentinel-3A / 3B Tandem Phase

Abstract. Over the coming decade, the quartet of Sentinel-3 satellite altimeters will provide a continuous record of ice sheet elevation change. To ensure consistency of measurement between each of the four satellites, requires rigorous in-flight inter-comparison. To facilitate this, Sentinel-3B was initially flown in a unique tandem formation with Sentinel-3A, enabling near-instantaneous, co-located measurements to be acquired. Here, we analyse tandem measurements of ice sheet elevation, to show that both instruments operate with statistically equivalent accuracy and precision, even over complex ice margin terrain. This analysis demonstrates that both satellites can be used interchangeably to study ice sheet evolution.