Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient numerical method for evolving microstructures with strong elastic inhomogeneity

In this paper, we consider a fast and efficient numerical method for the modified Cahn–Hilliard equation with a logarithmic free energy for microstructure evolution. Even though it is physically more appropriate to use a logarithmic free energy, a quartic polynomial approximation is typically used for the logarithmic function due to a logarithmic singularity. In order to overcome the singularity problem, we regularize the logarithmic function and then apply an unconditionally stable scheme to the Cahn–Hilliard part in the model. We present computational results highlighting the different dynamic aspects from two different bulk free energy forms. We also demonstrate the robustness of the regularization of the logarithmic free energy, which implies the time-step restriction is based on accuracy and not stability.
Improving Requirement Boilerplates Using Sequential Pattern Mining

In the field of requirements engineering, the use of the so-called boilerplates (i.e. standard phrases and sentences containing gaps to be filled in) is a popular solution to reduce variation among requirements and writers, and thus to improve the clarity of technical specifications. However, the examples of boilerplates found in the literature are often very general, as they need to be applicable to projects as varied as computer software and aircraft or industrial machines. As a result, they only partially fulfill their role, leaving a lot of freedom to the writers in charge of filling in the gaps. Instead, we would like to propose a bottom-up approach for discovering more specific sequences that could constitute either boilerplates or elements to instantiate these boilerplates. To this end, we investigate whether sequential data mining techniques can be used on a small corpus of genuine requirements written in French at CNES (Centre National d’Études Spatiales), the French Space Agency.
The personality features of moral types

This study explores the personality features hypothesized to underlie, and differentiate, Kohlberg's moral typology. Kohlberg and colleagues proposed a moral typology, based on Weber's notion of ideal types, to describe the development of autonomous moral reasoning. Kohlberg's typology consists of the heteronomous moral type and the autonomous moral type. The typology is considered a developmental construct; for those individuals who do develop autonomous moral reasoning typically make the transition from heteronomous to autonomous reasoning in adolescence or early adulthood. Autonomous moral reasoning is characterized by an intrinsic moral understanding, balanced perspective-taking, and the fundamental valuing of human rights. Theorists have suggested that Kohlberg's moral typology represents pervasive personality styles. In studying the personality features associated with the moral typology, the intention is to develop a more holistic understanding of moral development and functioning than that offered by strictly rational or affective accounts. In the present study, a range of personality features from across the hierarchical structure of personality was assessed with a sample of 102 undergraduates (25 males, 77 females). Participants in the study completed measures of moral maturity, moral type, the Big-Five personality traits, ego identity status, perceived control, personal strivings, and perspective-taking. The data indicate that the autonomous moral type scored significantly higher than the heteronomous moral type on the measure of moral maturity, perceived personal control, and ego identity status. The results of this study suggest that Kohlberg's moral typology does not represent two pervasive and distinct personality types. However, the results do suggest that the two moral types differ on measures related to the active construction of personal moral meaning, as well as feelings of self-efficacy.
Assessment of Factors Influencing Food Security in Wenje Division, Tana River County – Kenya

Access to food is recognized as a right as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). However, food security is still not universally treated as a basic human right. Despite the various progressive measures adopted by the Government of Kenya and Non-governmental organizations, the status of food security in Tana River County is appalling. This study was designed to assess the factors influencing food security in Wenje Division in Tana River County. The main purpose of the study was to assess the extent to which, climate change, governance, access to markets and land use affected food security. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Stratified random sampling was employed to select 390 (10%) out of a total population of 3,908 households. Data was collected using a questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions. Descriptive statistics and regression modeling were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was presented in narrative form. The key results from the study show that climate change (p=0.001) and land use (p=0.001) had a significant effect on food security. These factors were also found to have a negative influence on food security in the area. Further, statistical findings show a significant relationship between access to markets and food security, while governance was not found to have a significant influence on food security perhaps due to the solitary nature of the farming households. The study concluded that climate change, market access and land use have a significant influence on food security in Wenje Division, while governance was found not to have a significant influence on food security in the area. The study recommended that the government in partnership with other stakeholders should develop strategies to reduce reliance on rain fed agriculture to mitigate the effects of climate change on food security. The study also recommended land use training and planning to empower farmers with skills in the area to enhance food production. Finally, deliberate efforts should be made by the government and other development actors to enhance market access as this was also found to significantly influence food security in the area.
A New User Model based Interactive Product Retrieval Process for improved eBuying

When searching for items online there are three common problems that e-buyers may encounter; null retrieval, retrieving unmanageable number of items, and retrieving unsatisfactory items. In the past information retrieval systems or recommender systems were used as solutions. With information retrieval systems, too rigorous filtering based on the user query to reduce unmanageable number of items result in either null retrieval or filtering out the items users prefer. Recommender systems on the other hand do not provide sufficient opportunity for users to communicate their needs. As a solution, this paper introduces a novel method combining a user model with an interactive product retrieval process. The new layered user model has the potential of being applied across multiple product and service domains and is able to adapt to changing user preferences. The new product retrieval algorithm is integrated with the user model and is able to successfully address null retrieval, retrieving unmanageable number of items, and retrieving unsatisfactory items. The process is demonstrated using a bench mark dataset and a case study. Finally the Product retrieval process is evaluated using a set of guidelines to illustrate its suitability to current eBuying environments.
Labour and income effects of caregiving across Europe: an evaluation using matching techniques

This paper offers evidence on the effects of caregiving (i.e. looking after a dependent person within or outside the household) on labour outcomes such as employment, full time employment (conditional on employment), and income for women aged between 30 and 60 across different European countries. It does so by exploiting data from the European Community Household Panel (1994-2001) in order to match women who have become caregivers with “control” women who are deemed to be comparable in all relevant characteristics and compute a non-parametric measure of the effect of becoming a caregiver on the outcomes mentioned above. Our results suggest that, for women who are working before becoming a caregiver there is no statistically significant change in the chances of being employed. However, in the case of women who were not working prior to becoming a caregiver, there is a statistically significant decrease in the chances of entering employment. We also detect a negative and significant effect on labour income, which tends to be offset by a parallel increase in social transfers, except in the case of women with low levels of education in the Southern countries. JEL classification: JI4, J2
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Crack Propagation in Single-Crystal Aluminum Plate with Central Cracks

The crack propagation process in single-crystal aluminum plate (SCAP) with central cracks under tensile load was simulated by molecular dynamics method. Further, the effects of model size, crack length, temperature, and strain rate on strength of SCAP and crack growth were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that, with the increase of the model size, crack length, and strain rate, the plastic yield point of SCAP occurred in advance, the limit stress of plastic yield decreased, and the plastic deformability of material increased, but the temperature had less effect and sensitivity on the strength and crack propagation of SCAP. The model size affected the plastic deformation and crack growth of the material. Specifically, at small scale, the plastic deformation and crack propagation in SCAP are mainly affected through dislocation multiplication and slip. However, the plastic deformation and crack propagation are obviously affected by dislocation multiplication and twinning in larger scale.
Global Sensitivity Analysis in Structural Optimization

Summary: The main purpose of global sensitivity analysis is to identify the most significant model parameters affecting a specific model response. This helps engineers to improve the model understanding and provides valueable information to reduce the computational effort in structural optimization. A structural optimization is characterized by a set of design parameters, constraints and objective functions formulated on basis of model responses. The computational effort of a structural optimization depends besides the complexity of the computational model heavily on the number of design parameters. However in many cases an objective function is dominated only by a few design parameters. Results of global sensitivity analysis may be used to select the most significant design parameters from a number of potential candidates and thereby reduce the optimization problem by the insignificant ones. In this paper different sensitivity measures and associated algorithms are evaluated with respect to their capabilities and computational costs. In particular the variance-based approach after Sobol is compared with the correlation analysis, the linear and quadratic ANOVA approaches, and the FAST approach. This is done using a comprehensible academic example as well as an optimization problem from engineering practice.
Submission: Its Features and Function in the Wolf and Dog

Submission in the wolf and dog is defined on the basis ot its motivation: submission is the effort of the inferior to attain friendly or harmonic social integration. Submission functions as an appeal or a contribution to social integration, but only if it meets a corresponding attitude in the superior. The form of submissive behavior in wolf and dog is ritualized and symbolized cub-behavior. Two main forms of submissive behavior occur in wolf and dog: active submission, derived from begging for milk or food, and passive submission, derived from the posture which the cub adopts when cleaned by its mother. The definition of submission is generally applicable to vertebrates living in groups based on intimacy and a social hierarchical order. The concept of submission as the role of the defeated in the terminal phase of fight with the function to inhibit automatically aggression in the superior should be dismissed. In vertebrates at least three types of conflict with different terminal phases occur: (1). Severe fight based on intolerance; ends with flight by the inferior or with his death. (2). Ritualized fight over a privilege; ends with the “giving-up-the-claim ritual” of the inferior, which automatically blocks the aggression of the superior. (3). Minor conflict in closed groups; settled by submissive behavior of the inferior. In closed vertebrate groups, intermediate forms between (1) and (3) occur, depending on the proportion between activated intimacy and intolerance.
The interplay between frustration and entanglement in many-body systems

Frustration of classical many-body systems can be used to distinguish ferromagnetic interactions from anti-ferromagnetic ones via the Toulouse conditions. A quantum version of the Toulouse conditions provides a similar classification based on the local ground states. We compute the global ground states for a family of models with Heisenberg-like interactions and analyse their behaviour with respect to frustration, entanglement and degeneracy. For that we develop analytical and numerical analysing tools capable of quantifying the interplay between those three quantities. We find that the quantum Toulouse conditions provide a proper classification, however, refinements can be found. Our results show how the different local ground states affect the interplay and pave the way for further generalisation and possible applications to other quantum many-body systems.
Flexibility, labour retention and productivity in the EU

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between internal flexibility, the employment of fixed-term contract workers and productivity in 27 European Union countries. Drawing on European Company Survey data, the paper assesses whether establishments that employ on a fixed-term basis experience higher productivity than their competitors and stronger labour productivity improvements over time. These issues are of importance, given the recent weakness of productivity growth in many EU member countries, the steps that governments have taken to relax rules relating to the employment of fixed-term workers and the emphasis placed on contractual flexibility within the European Commission’s flexicurity agenda. The paper finds that establishments that do not use fixed-term contracts enjoy productivity advantages over those that do. Establishments that employ on a fixed-term basis but retain workers once their fixed-term contract has expired perform better than those that do not retain workers. The findings also show that establishments that pursue internal flexibility report both higher productivity than competitors and productivity increases over time. In addition, they are more likely to retain workers who have reached the end of a fixed-term contract.
Entrapped air bubbles in piezo-driven inkjet printing: Their effect on the droplet velocity

Air bubbles entrapped in the ink channel are a major problem in piezo-driven inkjet printing. They grow by rectified diffusion and eventually counteract the pressure buildup at the nozzle, leading to a breakdown of the jetting process. Experimental results on the droplet velocity udrop as a function of the equilibrium radius R0 of the entrained bubble are presented. Surprisingly, udrop(R0) shows a pronounced maximum around R0 = 17 μm before it sharply drops to zero around R0 = 19 μm. A simple one-dimensional model is introduced to describe this counterintuitive behavior which turns out to be a resonance effect of the entrained bubble.
Estimating Sea-Level Allowances for Atlantic Canada using the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC

Abstract Sea-level allowances at 22 tide-gauge sites along the east coast of Canada are determined based on projections of regional sea-level rise for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) from the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) and on the statistics of historical tides and storm surges (storm tides). The allowances, which may be used for coastal infrastructure planning, increase with time during the twenty-first century through a combination of mean sea-level rise and the increased uncertainty of future projections with time. The allowances show significant spatial variation, mainly a consequence of strong regionally varying relative sea-level change as a result of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). A methodology is described for replacement of the GIA component of the AR5 projection with global positioning system (GPS) measurements of vertical crustal motion; this significantly decreases allowances in regions where the uncertainty of the GIA models is large. For RCP8.5 with GPS data incorporated and for the 1995–2100 period, the sea-level allowances range from about 0.5 m along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to more than 1 m along the coast of Nova Scotia and southern Newfoundland.
Size‐dependent homogeneous linewidth of Z3 exciton absorption spectra in CuCl microcrystals

Size‐dependent homogeneous linewidth of Z3 exciton absorption spectra in CuCl microcrystals was measured at 2 K by the pump‐and‐probe spectroscopy. Observation of the hole burning gave us the homogeneous linewidth. The size‐dependent part of the homogeneous linewidth is inversely proportional to the square of the radius of microcrystals. This dependence is explained by a simple model that a generated exciton dephases through the scattering at the irregular surface of microcrystals.
Evaluation and prediction of content quality in stack overflow with logistic regression

Collaborative questioning and answering (CQA) sites such as Stack Overflow are the placement in which community members can ask and answer questions as well as interact with questions and answers. A question may receive multiple answers, and only one may be selected as the best answer, which means that this answer is more suitable for the given question. For the purpose of effective information retrieval, it will be beneficial to automatically predict and select the best answer. This thesis carried out and presented a study to evaluate content quality in CQA site by using logistic regression and features extracted from questions, answers and users’ information. By reviewing previous researches, all features which can be used to evaluate and predict the quality of content in the research case were identified. Stack Overflow was chosen as the research case and a sample of questions and answers has been extracted for further analysis. The human rated question score was done with the assistance of three people working in the field of information technology. Various features from questions, answers, and owners’ information were modelled and trained into classifiers to choose the best answer or high quality question. The results indicate that the models built in this research for evaluating answer quality have high predictive ability and strong robustness. While the models for evaluating question quality have low predictive ability in this study. In addition, it is demonstrated that several features from questions, answers, and owners’ information can be valuable component in evaluating and predicting content quality, such as owner’s reputation points, and questions’ or answer score, but human rated question score has no significant influence on evaluating answer quality. This research has contributions to science and implications for practice. For example, one main contribution is that based on the models built in this study, CQA sites can automatically suggest to their users the best answers, which is a time-saving solution for users looking for help from CQA sites.
Prevalence, Genotyping of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosaClinical Isolates for Oxacillinase Resistance and Mapping SusceptibilityBehaviour

In the present study, multi-drug resistant isolates of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from different clinical specimens and were subjected to molecular typing to detect the genes encoding oxacillinases in these isolates. Subsequently, antibacterial activity of drugs was tested against selected clinical isolates. Two hundred ninety six isolates including 98 of E. coli and 148 of P. aeruginosa were collected from clinical specimens of different centers across India. Out of 246, 123 isolates showed weak synergy for ceftazidime or cefepime and imipenem or clavulanate and were considered as oxacillinase producers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the variants of oxacillinases genes. Our results show a great diversity of occurance of oxacillinase (OXA) genes among clinical isolates. OXA-48 and OXA-10 was more prevalent in both E. coli (32.6% OXA-48; 16.3% OXA-10) and P. aeruginosa (OXA-48 32.4%; 27.0%) as evident by PCR. The incidence of other OXA genes in E. coli and P. aeruginosa varied from 4.0 to 12.1%. Of the tested drugs, cefepime plus sulbactam was found to be the most efficacious antibacterial agents with 86.5 to 87.8% susceptibility. Cefepime plus tazobactam was second most active antibacterial agent with 72.2 to 73.5% susceptibility. Surprisingly, imipenem plus cilastatin showed susceptibility to less than 35% isolates. From the above results, it is evident that cefepime plus sulbactam has enhanced in vitro antibacterial activity compared to cefepime and imipenem plus cilastatin and tazobactam combination in oxacillinases. One significant finding of this study was that cefepime was found to be effective only against the isolates caring OXA-1 and OXA-2 but found to be resistant to OXA-10, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-48, OXA-51 and OXA-58 genes; whereas cefepime in combination with sulbactam was found to be the most effective against all of these OXA genes in comparison to tazobactam combination.
Phytochemical Contents and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Orange Juices

The harmful effects of the free radicals on our organism can be inhibited by several antioxidant molecules (phenolic compounds, vitamins and carotenoids) found in fruits such as citrus. In the present study, the content of some antioxidants as well as the antioxidant power of juices of six orange varieties and one lemon variety were evaluated. The results show that the juices are richer in ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The juices which present the best antiradical capacity and reducing power are that of the Bitter orange and Sanguinelli varieties. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the juices of oranges constitute a good source of various antioxidants.