Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Road user safety attitudes towards driver fatigue

Driver fatigue has been identified as a human factor causing major road safety problems in crash occurrence. The objective of this paper is to present the key findings on road user safety attitudes towards driver fatigue as identified by the second edition of the ESRA survey. Data from more than 35,000 road users in 32 countries were collected through an extensive online panel questionnaire survey concerning the opinion of participants on several aspects of road behaviour. The questions on fatigue concern the personal acceptability of fatigued driving, the perception of fatigued driving as crash cause and self-declared fatigued driving in the past 30 days. These variables and their interrelationships were further analysed via Random Forest analyses and binary logistic regression models. The results of this paper reveal the public attitudes and perceptions concerning driver fatigue; in addition, some solutions on preventing driver fatigue and mitigating its effects are discussed.
Image Super-resolution for Ultrafast Optical Time-stretch Imaging

We report on a super-resolution scheme for optical time-stretch imaging. It is particularly applicable to ultrafast flow imaging, but suffers from low resolution in spectral-encoding. Our algorithm overcomes this by designing subpixel shifts across scans. 1. Optical Time-stretch Imaging Many biomedical imaging applications require extremely high throughput image capture and analysis, such as in the imaging of blood flow for single-cell characterization [1]. Several ultrafast imaging techniques have been developed by various groups [2, 3], but time-stretch imaging has proved to be very competitive. In this modality, summarized in Fig. 1, 2D images are formed from stacking the spectrally-encoded line scans, although techniques have also been developed for arbitrary two-dimensional spectrally encoded pattern generation that is suitable for patterned illumination imaging [4]. The sampling rate of the digitizer is the determining factor for image resolution in the spectral-encoding direction [5]; unfortunately, high-resolution typically demands high-end digitizers, which tend to be very costly. For technical details of the state-of-the-art optical time-stretch imaging architecture and analysis, the readers are referred to Ref. [6]. The objective of the present paper is to show how we can harness the computing hardware and a simple algorithm to achieve super-resolution for optical time-stretch imaging. 2. Designing Subpixel Shifts Fig. 2 shows the line scanning and stacking processes of 2D image formation. Across the cell flow direction, a periodic laser shines through the cell channel and emits a spectrally-encoded beam to generate one continuous image line via time-stretch. This continuous signal is then sampled by the digitizer with a fixed frequency at multiples of the laser scanning rate, as shown in (b). The sampled pixels from neighboring lines are stacked to form a 2D cell image. The spatial pixel resolution of vertical and horizontal directions should be measured respectively to represent the digitized image quality. In our previous work [7, 9], we propose that the spatial resolution along the flow direction (vertical) can be determined by the flow rate and laser pulse frequency. Thus the vertical resolution can be increased with a lower flow rate. Relatively, the spatial resolution in the horizontal direction is only determined by the digitizer sampling frequency. Thus, in this real-time ultrafast imaging system, the highest working frequency (5 GSa/s) of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) limits the horizontal resolution. As a result, the horizontal direction is under-sampled while there are redundant pixels in the vertical direction. Here, we propose a novel scheme to increase the horizontal resolution with fine-tuning of the ADC sampling clock. We have shown previously that subpixel shift can achieve a higher resolution by combining multiple low-
A Novel and Convenient Relative Quantitative Method of Fluorescence Real Time RT-PCR Assay Based on Slope of Standard Curve

In order to develop a novel, simple and effective relative quantitative method using fluorescencereal-time RT-PCR, the formulas were derived from the standard curve for quantifying relative expression ofmRNA. The formulas show that the relative expression index is only associated with CT value and the slope ofstandard curve. RNA (DNA) standard for absolute quantitative standard curve is obtained generally by cloning andtranscription in vitro. When input copy numbers of serial diluted RNA standards were increased or decreasedn-fold (n 0) proportionally, the slope of standard curve remains invariable, suggesting that the slope isindependent of actual copy numbers of RNA standard. Therefore, anyone of tested RNA (cDNA) samples could beused after serial dilution as RNA standards to obtain slope. Compared with absolute quantitative method, thepresent one appears to have a more excellent consistency (difference less than 4%) in the relative expressionindices with absolute quantitative method, than traditional relative method 2-! "CT(difference more than 5%). Theresults show that the method described here is simple, precise and cost-effective for relative quantifying geneexpression.
Helping Users Tackle Algorithmic Threats on Social Media: A Multimedia Research Agenda

Participation on social media platforms has many benefits but also poses substantial threats. Users often face an unintended loss of privacy, are bombarded with mis-/disinformation, or are trapped in filter bubbles due to over-personalized content. These threats are further exacerbated by the rise of hidden AI-driven algorithms working behind the scenes to shape users' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviour. We investigate how multimedia researchers can help tackle these problems to level the playing field for social media users. We perform a comprehensive survey of algorithmic threats on social media and use it as a lens to set a challenging but important research agenda for effective and real-time user nudging. We further implement a conceptual prototype and evaluate it with experts to supplement our research agenda. This paper calls for solutions that combat the algorithmic threats on social media by utilizing machine learning and multimedia content analysis techniques but in a transparent manner and for the benefit of the users.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Post-essential Thrombocythemia and Post-polycythemia

Objective Little information is available about the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with secondary myelofibrosis from essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). A nationwide retrospective study of the outcome of HSCT for post-ET and post-PV myelofibrosis was conducted in Japan. Patients and Methods Clinical data for patients with post-ET (n=29) and post-PV (n=9) myelofibrosis who had received first allogeneic HSCT were extracted from the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program, which is a registry of the outcomes of HSCT in Japan. Results Five patients died without neutrophil recovery within 60 days after transplantation. The incidence of neutrophil recovery was significantly lower in umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation than in related donor transplantation (40% vs. 92%, p=0.010). The 1-year non-relapse mortality for post-ET and post-PV myelofibrosis was 35% and 27%, respectively (p=0.972). No patient or transplantation characteristics were associated with non-relapse mortality. The 4-year overall survival for post-ET and post-PV myelofibrosis was 46% and 65%, respectively (p=0.362). A univariate analysis identified UCB transplantation (vs. related donor, p=0.017) and 10 times red blood cell transfusions before transplantation (vs. <10 times, p=0.037) as predictive of a lower overall survival. Conclusion Allogeneic HSCT provides a long-term survival for at least some patients with post-ET and post-PV myelofibrosis. Further studies with more patients are required to determine the best alternative donor.
Causal Relationship between Macroeconomic Indicators and Stock Market: Evidence from Sri Lanka

Researchers, economists, investors, and policymakers attempt to identify and estimate the nexus between share market indices with macroeconomic factors. The aim of this this study is to analyze the impacts of some prominent macroeconomic factors on the main share market index in Sri Lanka, ASPI (All Share Price Index) over the period 2010 January to 2020 May. Selected independent variables were All Share Price Index, Exchange Rate, Money Supply, Consumer Price Index, Brent Crude Oil, Bitcoin and Trade Balance. The study investigated the interrelationship between ASPI and other variables using Granger causality test. The findings suggest that, Stock market Granger-causes exchange rate, trade balance and is therefore leading indicator of these variables whereas money supply and stock prices is Granger causality in both directions. Other variables seem to be independent on development of the stock market. Index Terms -Granger-causality, Global indices, Macroeconomics variables, ASPI, Sri Lanka
Long-Term Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of Cloud Properties and Radiative Effects of Cloud Distributions

The year-long cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulation forced with the observed large-scale forcing provides a unique approach to generating the long-term thermodynamic and dynamic consistent cloud properties, documenting the characteristics of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and vertical overlap, and evaluating their effects on the radiative fluxes and heating rates. In this study, statistical analysis is conducted to evaluate the year-long CRM simulations against available observations. The CRM-produced cloud liquid and ice water paths for overcast and non-precipitating clouds agree with observations in terms of monthly and diurnal cloud occurrence frequency. The vertical distribution of liquid and ice water simulated by CRM is also generally consistent with that from observational estimates. Significant of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and its radiative effects are quantified by the diagnostic radiation calculation using CRM outputs. The assumption of homogeneous clouds overestimates the total cloud albedo and underestimates the outgoing longwave flux. The redistribution of CRM cloud fraction profile based on three existing overlap assumptions (maximum, minimum, and random) indicates that none of them is able to reproduce the CRM total cloud fraction. The maximum overlap assumption systematically underestimates the total cloud fraction, while the random and minimum overlap assumptions systematically overestimate the total cloud fraction.
H∞ Control for Reducing Cross-coupling in a Compliant XY Nanopositioning Stage

A compliant XY nanopositioning platform designed for scanning probe microscopy applications is presented in this article. The device possesses a very high out-of-plane stiffness resulting in extremely low cross-coupling between various axes. However, cross-couplings between Xand Y-axes of the stage cannot be ignored during fast raster scans. A H∞ controller is designed to minimize cross-coupling between these two axes of the nanoscale positioning stage, particularly at its mechanical resonance frequencies. The controller is augmented with integral action to achieve accurate tracking and damping. Raster scan results over an area of 10μm×10μm with small positioning errors are demonstrated. High-speed accurate raster scans of up to 100Hz, with nanoscale resolution are also illustrated.
Evaluation of Shear Wall Capacity Using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis

As can be seen from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, a containment building is the final protecting shield to prevent radiation leakage. Thus, the assessment of seismic performance of a containment building against seismic loads is very important. Since a containment building is a complex structure, its seismic performance is analyzed through finite element analysis. Because of the high nonlinearity of concrete, an appropriate material model should be established when used in finite element analysis. In this study, a nonlinear concrete material model is calibrated with the numerical simulation of the CASH benchmark test performed in the OECD/NEA [1]. CASH (capacity of reinforced concrete shear walls) is an international benchmarking program organized under an initiative of the OEDC/NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency). The series of reinforced concrete shear wall panels were tested at the European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA, Joint Research Centre) between 1997 and 1998[2].
The Validity of Four Amolops Species in Hengduan Mountains,China

The morphological characters and genetic markers of Amolops,which distributed in Hengduan Mountains,were analyzed to examine the validity of Amolops tuberodepressus,Amolops jinjiangensis,Amolops liangshanensis and Amolops kangtingensis.For the morphological study,a total of 246 Amolops samples with 27 morphological measurements for each sample were measured,and 19 measurements were selected for final principle component analysis.For molecular study,partial of mtDNA COⅠ and Cyt b genes were sequenced to calculate the genetic distance.The principal component analysis results and genetic distance data support A.tuberodepressus and A.jinjiangensis are valid species and A.liangshanensis possibly is a synonym of A.loloensis. Further studies on the validity of A.kangtingensis are needed.
How large is the global population when limited by long term sustainable global metal-, energy-and phosphate supply ?

The WORLD7 model was used to make an assessment for the sustainable metal usage and the resources available within the planetary limits to human society, in order to estimate demands on recycling and maximum metal consumption per capita for different metals. The metals were selected for their importance in society. The calculations of critical metal use show that we have substantial metal usage above the sustainable rates, needing a reduction in net use of more than 95% for many metals. Alternatively, the issue was turned around, asking, if this is how much metals that is available, how many people for how long can we support with it? A sustainability gap can be determined, alternatively, that the global population needs to come down in size to somewhere between 1.5-2 billion people, combined with improved recycling efficiencies. How a global population contraction can take place is not discussed.
BEHAVIOR OF CG AND MINRES FOR SYMMETRIC TRIDIAGONAL TOEPLITZ MATRICES

Abstract. We investigate the convergence behavior of the conjugate gradient (CG) method and the minimal residual (MINRES) method when applied to a linear algebraic system with a symmetric definite tridiagonal Toeplitz coefficient matrix A. Our main interest is to understand the behavior of the two methods for different right hand sides (initial residuals): The first one leads to the worstcase convergence quantity (relative A-norm of the error for CG, relative Euclidean residual norm for MINRES) in the next-to-last iteration step, and the second one has the property that its coordinates in the eigenvectors of A are not biased towards a certain eigenvector direction (in other words, all these coordinates are of approximately equal size). We compare the results obtained for these righthand sides with the classical convergence bound based on the condition number of A, and show when and why this bound is reasonably tight. For application of our results we choose the model problem of the one-dimensional Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. For this problem we identify the data (source term and boundary conditions) that lead to the worst convergence quantities in the next-to-last steps of CG as well as MINRES when applied to the discretized problem. We also relate our results to previous work on the same model problem (particularly by Naiman, Babuška and Elman [14]).
Optimal Position to Place Wi-Fi Range Extender to Improve Its Performance

An extender (Wi-Fi range extender) is a device that takes the radio signal of an access point (AP) of Wi-Fi and rebroadcasts it to create a new group of Extended Service Set Identifier. It is useful for extending the range of an AP to where the wired network cannot reach since installation of AP needs both commercial power supply and the wired network line to serve as the last mile of the Internet. Based on our preliminary experiments, although the extender itself offers slower connection compared to the original AP, it could offer more stable connection at hard to reach places. One of the significant factors that affect the internet speed is where the extender is set. Therefore, we investigated extender usage based on the correlation between distance, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), and the speed of the connection. Through our control experiment for the extender usage, we found that just placing an extender might degrade the performance compared to the direct association to an AP in the service area in the AP. We also found that the optimal position of the extender was not centered equidistant from the AP and the client, but rather shifted toward the AP.
“ANATOMIC” ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION, A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND REPORTING OF SURGICAL DATA

urpose: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate studies published on natomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction. ethods: A systematic electronic search was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies th January 1995 to April 2009 were included. The selection that reported on a surgical technique for “anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction” on skeletally mature living human subjects, and written in English. Data collected and analyzed included view of surgical t Results: S al factors were ade ACL i H ment, individualization of surgery a rative/post-operative imaging were poorly reported. Most variety was seen in knee flexion angle during femoral tunnel drilling and tensioning pattern of the grafts. C op technique are crucial for the v the outcomes. Therefore, we encourage authors to report their surgical technique in a specific and standardized fashion.
AARE LEVERAGE AND DEBT MATURITY COMPLEMENTS OR SUBSTITUTES? EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA

The aim of this paper is to investigate the choice between debt and equity simultaneously with the decision between shortand long-term debt for a large sample of emerging markets from Latin America. In order to do this, we test a model (BARCLAY; MARX; SMITH JR., 2003) of joint capital structure and debt maturity determination for a sample of 986 firms from Latin America in the period 19902002, employing the Generalized Method of Moments on a system of equations. The empirical results support three main findings. First, capital structure and debt maturity are financial policy complements in Latin America. Second, there is a substantial dynamic component in the determination of debt maturity that has been neglected by previous research. Finally, firms face moderate adjustment costs towards their optimal maturity. Results are robust to variation in sample composition in terms or countries, industries, and years.
Accurate Operation Delay Prediction for FPGA HLS Using Graph Neural Networks

Modern heterogeneous FPGA architectures incorporate a variety of hardened blocks for boosting the performance of arithmetic-intensive designs, such as DSP blocks and carry blocks. Since hardened blocks can be configured in different ways, a variety of datapath patterns can be mapped into these blocks. We observe that existing high-level synthesis (HLS) tools often fail to capture some of the operation mapping patterns, leading to limited estimation accuracy in terms of resource usage and delay. To address this deficiency, we propose to exploit graph neural networks (GNN) to automatically learn operation mapping patterns. We apply GNN models that are trained on microbenchmarks directly to realistic designs through inductive learning. Experimental results show that our approach can effectively infer various valid mapping patterns on both microbenchmarks and realistic designs. Furthermore, the proposed framework is exploited to improve the accuracy of delay estimation in HLS.
Glossy probe reprojection for interactive global illumination

Recent rendering advances dramatically reduce the cost of global illumination. But even with hardware acceleration, complex light paths with multiple glossy interactions are still expensive; our new algorithm stores these paths in precomputed light probes and reprojects them at runtime to provide interactivity. Combined with traditional light maps for diffuse lighting our approach interactively renders all light paths in static scenes with opaque objects. Naively reprojecting probes with glossy lighting is memory-intensive, requires efficient access to the correctly reflected radiance, and exhibits problems at occlusion boundaries in glossy reflections. Our solution addresses all these issues. To minimize memory, we introduce an adaptive light probe parameterization that allocates increased resolution for shinier surfaces and regions of higher geometric complexity. To efficiently sample glossy paths, our novel gathering algorithm reprojects probe texels in a view-dependent manner using efficient reflection estimation and a fast rasterization-based search. Naive probe reprojection often sharpens glossy reflections at occlusion boundaries, due to changes in parallax. To avoid this, we split the convolution induced by the BRDF into two steps: we precompute probes using a lower material roughness and apply an adaptive bilateral filter at runtime to reproduce the original surface roughness. Combining these elements, our algorithm interactively renders complex scenes while fitting in the memory, bandwidth, and computation constraints of current hardware.
Warehouse-Oriented Optimal Path Planning for Autonomous Mobile Fire-Fighting Robots

In order to achieve the fastest fire-fighting purpose, warehouse autonomous mobile fire-fighting robots need to make an overall optimal planning based on the principle of the shortest time for their traveling path. A algorithm is considered as a very ideal shortest path planning algorithm, but the shortest path is not necessarily the optimal path for robots. Furthermore, the conventional A algorithm is affected by the search neighborhood restriction and the theoretical characteristics, so there are many problems, which are closing to obstacles, more inflection points, more redundant points, larger total turning angle, etc. Therefore, A algorithm is improved in eight ways, and the inflection point prior strategy is adopted to compromise Floyd algorithm and A algorithm in this paper. According to the criterion of the inflection point in this paper, the path inflection point arrays are constructed and traveling all path nodes are replaced by traveling path inflection points for the conventional Floyd algorithm backtracking, so it greatly reduces the backtracking time of the smooth path. In addition, this paper adopts the method of the extended grid map obstacle space in path planning safety distance. According to the relationship between the actual scale of the warehouse grid map and the size of the robot body, the different safe distance between the planning path and the obstacles is obtained, so that the algorithm can be applied to the safe path planning of the different size robots in any map environments. Finally, compared with the conventional A algorithm, the improved algorithm reduces by 7.846% for the path length, reduces by 71.429% for the number of the cumulative turns, and reduces by 75% for the cumulative turning angle through the experiment. The proposed method can ensure robots to move fast on the planning path and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing the number of inflection points, reducing the cumulative turning angle, and reducing the path planning time.