Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desired and Actual Fertility in Bangladesh: The Role of Mass Media and Social interactions

The roles of mass media and social interactions on fertility transition are widely recognized for both ideational and behavioural effects; however, few efforts have been made to study the effects of both together so far. This study in investigating the determinants of fertility among ever married women of age 15-49 years in Bangladesh has made this effort empirically by using cross-section survey and qualitative data. The results show that social norm is the significant predictor of desired fertility; and the positive effect to higher order desires suggesting in Bangladesh still now on average society approves more than two children as ideal family size; however, access to mass media and social interactions increase individual’s probability of choosing small family as ideal. The study also unearths that individual who has higher desired number of children has higher number of actual births; and women empowerment contributes an important role in fertility decisions and implementations. Furthermore, the study finds variant effects of mass media, social interactions and social norms across socioeconomic groups regarding fertility. The findings of the research can be attributed to the successful interventions for shaping popular fertility ideals; consequently, fertility behaviour of the individual.
Groundwater Analysis of Environmental Carbon and Other Isotopes From the Jakarta Basin Aquifer, Indonesia

Groundwater of the Jakarta Basin aquifer is heavily exploited for drinking water. As a result, the piezometric head has dropped dramatically. Extensive hydrogeologic and numeric model studies have been made to find a reliable basis for managing available groundwater resources. Environmental carbon (14C, 13C) and other isotope analyses (18O, 2H, 3H) were made. Two sampling strategies were employed, which show that using well-defined and representative sampling sites, no matter how few, is the only way to obtain reliable geoscientific information. Large quantities of data from randomly distributed samples of uncertain origin is not recommended.
The Besançon Galaxy model renewed - I. Constraints on the local star formation history from Tycho data

Context. The understanding of Galaxy evolution can be facilitated by the use of population synthesis models, which allows us to test hypotheses on the star formation history, star evolution, a nd chemical and dynamical evolution of the Galaxy. Aims. The new version of the Besancon Galaxy model (hereafter BGM) aims to provide a more flexible and powerful tool to investi- gate the initial mass function (IMF) and star formation rate (SFR) of the Galactic disc. Methods. We present a new strategy for the generation of thin disc stars, which assumes the IMF, SFR and evolutionary tracks as free parameters. We have updated most of the ingredients for the star count production and, for the first time, binary stars are generated in a consistent way. The local dynamical self-consistency is maintained in this new scheme. We then compare simulations from the new model with Tycho-2 data and the local luminosity function, as a first test to verify and constrain the new ingredients. The effects of changing thirteen different ingredients of the model are systematically studied. Results. For the first time, a full sky comparison is performed between BGM and data. This strategy allows us to constrain the IMF slope at high masses, which is found to be close to 3.0 and excludes a shallower slope such as Salpeter's one. The SFR is foun d decreasing whatever IMF is assumed. The model is compatible with a local dark matter density of 0.011 M⊙pc −3 implying that there is no compelling evidence for the significant amount of dark m atter in the disc. While the model is fitted to Tycho-2 data, wh ich is a magnitude limited sample with V<11, we check that it is still consistent with fainter stars. Conclusions. The new model constitutes a new basis for further comparisons with large scale surveys and is being prepared to become a powerful tool for the analysis of the Gaia mission data.
Experiments on the Receptivity of Transient Disturbances to Surface Roughness and Freestream Turbulence

Abstract : Transient growth is a boundary-layer instability mechanism that leads to algebraic growth of disturbances generated by surface roughness. Earlier research programs verified that roughness-induced transient disturbances are not optimal and depend critically on the details of the receptivity process. This project seeks to provide a more complete understanding of the receptivity of transient disturbances to a spanwise array of cylindrical roughness elements using biorthogonal decomposition. Both experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data sets are used as inputs to the decomposition procedure. The DNS data is successfully decomposed and provides accurate predictions of downstream disturbance growth. The experimental data is not sufficiently accurate to provide successful decomposition. For this, it appears that at least the spanwise disturbance components must be measured with better accuracy than was achieved in this project. Work will continue on this topic because DNS cannot presently model surfaces with realistic distributed roughness.
The role of androgynous gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship

Numerous studies have addressed the phenomenon of entrepreneurship from a gender perspective. In many of them, the gender perspective consists of analyzing the differences shown in the behavior of entrepreneurs based on their biological sex. This approach has several limitations in interpreting the phenomenon and, moreover, developing supportive policies. This paper addresses entrepreneurship from the perspective of the role orientation associated with gender. Based on a questionnaire to 780 students of business administration, the article follows the BSRI methodology to perform analysis. The results of the study confirm the persistence of gender stereotypes and their effect on the entrepreneurial phenomenon. Male stereotypes persist associated with entrepreneurs. But androgynous stereotypes also emerge. The emergence of this kind of stereotype may imply a change in attitude towards entrepreneurship. Finally, this research examines the influence of gender-role orientation of individuals in their entrepreneurial intention, deriving theoretical and practical implications for promoting female entrepreneurship.
What Do You Buy When No One’s Watching? The Effect of Self-Service Checkouts on the Composition of Sales in Retail

Buying items that are unhealthy or are of a private nature may carry a stigma and cause embarrassment. I analyze whether the anonymity provided by self-service checkouts changes customers' shopping patterns in grocery stores. I look at a natural experiment where two stores in a grocery-chain implement self-service checkouts. Using a triple difference estimator, comparing the sales of stigma items to the sales of mundane items and to the sales of a group of control stores, I find that the sales of stigma items increase by 10-15 percent. The increase comes from the product categories candy, chips, soda, ready-made food and alcohol. I find that the increase is caused by existing customers buying more, rather than from self-service checkouts changing the customer base. However, fully converting to self-service seems to scare away some customers and decreases overall sales.
A geomorphometric approach to assess multi-scale spatial distribution and geomorphological characterization of benthic habitats

Sea floor mapping along the Apulia continental shelf (Italy) verified the abundance of autochthonous red algae build-ups, mapped as coralligenous habitats (CHs), in a water depth range of 5-100 m. In general, CHs were found to develop three dimensional structures, with a rigid framework and to represent an important geomorphological and sedimentological element on the Mediterranean shelf. Here, we provide the first geomorphological description of CHs (thus poorly categorized) using acoustic data obtained from Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and MultiBeam (MB) echosounder surveys, groundtruthed using a ROV and underwater camera. In SSS mosaics, CHs generally yielded intermediate to high backscatter in response to a rigid cavernous framework. According to the various shapes and the lateral continuity that coralligenous build-ups displayed in explored locations, two distinct textures were determined to be present. Various geomorphological expressions of CHs were noted within our dataset and in images obtained from MB bathymetry. We determined that coralligenous build-ups are typically represented by positive-relief structures that vary from isolated blocks (randomly scattered on a generally flat mobile soft bottom) to a field of blocks (adjacent or even coalescent), and/to ridge with several metres of lateral continuity. In most cases, CHs occurred on flat mobile soft bottom, thus representing an example of coralligenous de plateau. Our results characterize for the first time the CHs through seafloor mapping techniques, which demonstrated to represent an instrumental tool for their geomorphological characterization. Coralligenous habitat in the Mediterranean Sea: a geomorphological description from remote data. Bracchi, V.A. , Savini, A. , Marchese, F. , Palamara, S. , Basso, D. , & Corselli, C. (2015). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES, 134(1), 32-40.
Colonisation and connectivity by intertidal limpets among New Zealand, Chatham and Sub-Antarctic Islands. I. Genetic connections

Limpets of the genus Cellana are important grazers in the intertidal zone throughout New Zealand and in many ways serve as models for understanding biogeographic patterns along heterogeneous coastlines. This genus is speciose in New Zealand, with some being widely distrib- uted. The C. strigilis species complex in particular provides a good model for population connectivity because it is spread over the southern coast of New Zealand and throughout the Sub-Antarctic Islands, a region of complex hydrography from around 45° to 52° south latitude. In the present study we investigated genetic connectivity and phylogeographic structure of the C. strigilis complex from mainland New Zealand, the Chatham Islands and the Sub-Antarctic Islands using mitochondrial gene sequence data. Partial sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome b, 12S and 16S genes revealed 2 genetic lineages that separate the Chatham, Bounty and Antipodes Island populations from the New Zealand mainland, Auckland and Campbell Island populations. Application of a relaxed molecular clock suggests that these lineages diverged 2 to 5 million years ago. The genetic homogeneity observed among populations of the 2 lineages, in conjunction with larval modelling, suggests that these populations are presently isolated but may have been colonised through long-dis- tance dispersal from the southern island populations within the last 100 000 yr. Alternatively, the lack of genetic differentiation may suggest that the populations experience ongoing bottleneck effects.
Reduction of change initiative failures caused by employees’ knowledge, skills and abilities in the year 2025

Purpose – This study aims at analyzing which knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) employees currently possess that contribute to successful organizational change, which KSAs they need to possess in the year 2025 and how managers of large organizations can bridge this potential gap between as-is and to-be KSAs in order to reduce the failure of change initiatives. Methodology – In order to reach this purpose firstly a literature review was conducted in order to understand how KSAs of employees affect the success of organizational change. Afterwards, a Delphi study, which included two questionnaire rounds, has been performed. This is because Delphi methods are used as forecasting technique and this research sought to find out the future requirements of employees’ KSAs to reduce the failure of change initiatives as well as which methods to use in order to bridge these potential gaps. Findings – With the help of the Delphi study it was found that there is a gap between the current possessed KSAs and the needed KSAs for the year 2025. Experts agreed on these KSAs and found out that these gaps can be bridged through training and development as well as through recruitment. Limitations – There are limitations that one should have in mind when considering the results. The response rate was relatively low and therefore the whole Delphi study included only six respondents. Moreover, the time frame was very strict and limited and therefore just two rounds of questionnaires were possible. Practical implications – Organizations should start to analyze the KSAs of their workforce, which are important for successful organizational change. Moreover, the companies should start investing in programs to develop and train their current workforce or hire new personnel who possess these KSAs.
Writing the City: Urban Visions and Literary Modernism

Acknowledgments Preface Chapter One: "Saxa Loquuntur": The Modernist City Chapter Two: dubliners: The City Betrayed Chapter Three: Grave Memories: The Epitaphic Consciousness of "The Dead" Chapter Four: The Metropolitan Consciousness of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Chapter Five: ulysses and Manhattan Transfer: A Poetics of Transatlantic Literary Modernism Afterword Notes Works Cited Index
How to yield abnormal return by replicating insider trades - A study on the Swedish stock market

The objective of the study is to verify if it is possible to replicate insider trades in order to yield an abnormal return. The objective will be reached by investigating previous research within the field of insider trading in order to examine under which condition replication of insider trades can be profitable for outsiders. Further, to determine if previous researchers have identified a theory where replication of insider trades actually is possible. The theory will then be tested on current market data from the AFXG index. The course of action is within accordance to an event study presented by MacKinlay (1997), where assumptions and conditions are based upon the meta-analysis of previous research; hence the data has been calculated with the adjusted market model. But also examined within a 90 days event window, where both single insideras well as cluster transactions has been analyzed. Further the research qualifies as a quantitative study where a deductive procedure has been used. All data has been gathered from the AFGX index, where 40 random firms have been selected; five from each of the eight sectors. Lastly, the data has been statistically tested with the student t-test in order to examine if the result is of statistical significance. The result of the study shows that one can yield an abnormal return between 1,96% to 2,45% by replicating single insider trades. This is with 99,95% significance. By replicating insider cluster transactions one can also yield an abnormal return, however, the return is lower than for single insider trades and no significance were found. As for the meta-analysis of previous research, it was found that a security is to be held for approximately 90 days in order to achieve the desired positive effect of the insider trade. Further, small firms seems to yield the highest abnormal return, clusters transactions increases the possible abnormal return and when higher executives in different positions trade, a stronger buying signal for the stock is given.
Difficulties with computational coreference tracking: How to achieve ‘coherence in mind’ without a mind?

The introduction and maintenance of reference in discourse is subject to a number of language-universal constraints on NP form and selection that allow speakers to maintain reference co-referentially (i.e. from mention to mention) with minimal processing effort across large spans of discourse. Automated approaches to co-reference resolution (i.e. the successful tracking of discourse referents across texts) use a variety of models to account for how a referent may be tracked co-referentially, yet automated co-reference resolution is still considered an incredibly difficult task for those working in natural language processing and generation, even when using ‘gold-standard’ manually-annotated discourse texts as a source of comparison. Less research has been conducted on the performance of automated co-reference resolution on narrative data, which is rich with multiple referents interacting with each other, with long sequences of continuous and non-continuous reference to be maintained. Five freely-available co-reference resolvers were trialled for accuracy on oral narrative data produced by English native speakers using a picture sequence as an elicitation device. However, accuracy levels of under 50% for each resolver tested suggest large differences between human and computational methods of co-reference resolution. In particular, zero anaphora, NPs with modifiers and errors in coding first-mentioned referents appear particularly problematic. This suggests that automated approaches to coreference resolution need a vast range of lexical knowledge, inferential capabilities based on situational and world knowledge, and the ability to track reference over extended discourse if they are to succeed in modelling human-like coreference resolution.
Construction of the evolution operator of parabolic type

of parabolic type in a Banach space . The equation (1.1) is said to be “of parabolic type” if it satisfies the condition: (A1) − ( ) is a linear operator with dense domain, and there exist constants κ > π/2 and 0 such that the resolvent set of − ( ) contains the sector κ := {λ ∈ C; | argλ| ≤ κ} for any ∈ := [ ] and ‖λ(λ + ( ))−1‖ → ≤ 0 holds for any λ ∈ κ and any ∈ . − ( ) generates an analytic semi-group { −τ ( ); τ ≥ 0} on . Our result is stated as follows:
LOCAL MODE AXIS TILTING IN H2S

A physically intuitive non-resonant local mode axis tilting model for the interpretation of higher overtone bands of XH2 species is outlined and illustrated by reference to the near2 infrared of spectrum H2S. Quantitative connections with the conventional normal mode resonance coupled picture are derived and local mode based expressions for the vibrational–rotational wavefunctions are given. Constants are reported for the (311)–(212) and (302)–(203) bands at 11 008cm-1 and 12 149cm -1, respectively.
The Aptian evaporites of the South Atlantic: a climatic paradox?

For a long time, evaporitic sequences have been interpreted as indicative of an arid climate. Such systematic interpretations led to the suggestion that the Central segment of the South Atlantic (20–0°) was characterized by an arid climate during the upper Aptian. Indeed, synchronous to this period that corresponds to the rifting and to the opening of this part of the South Atlantic, a large evaporitic sequence spreads out from the equator to 20° S. Using the fully ocean atmosphere coupled model FOAM, we test the potential for the Aptian geography to produce an arid area over the Central segment. Sensitivity to the altitude of the rift shoulders separating the Africa and the South America cratons, to the water depth of the Central segment and to the drainage pattern have been performed. Using seawater salinity as a diagnostic, our simulations show that the southern part of the Central segment is characterized by very high salinity in the case of catchment areas draining the water out of the Central segment. Conversely, whatever the boundary conditions used, the northern part of the Central segment remains humid and salinities are very low. Hence, we conclude that the evaporites deposited in the southern part of the Central segment may have been controlled by the climate favouring aridity and high saline waters. In contrast, the evaporites of the northern part can hardly be reconciled with the climatic conditions occurring there and may be due to hydrothermal sources. Our interpretations are in agreement with the gradient found in the mineralogical compositions of the evaporites from the North to the South, i.e. the northern evaporites are at least 4 times more concentrated than the southern one.
The effect of quintic nonlinearity on the investigation of transversely vibrating buckled Euler-Bernoulli beams

A new formulation of vibrations of the axially loaded Euler-Bernoulli beam with quintic nonlinearity is investigated in the present study. The beam nonlinear natural frequency as a function of the initial amplitude is obtained. In this direction, modern powerful analytical methods namely He's Max-Min Approach (MMA) and Amplitude-Frequency Formulation (AFF) are employed to approximate the frequency-amplitude relationship of the beam vibrations. Afterwards, it is clearly shown that the first term in the series expansions is sufficient to produce a highly accurate approximation of the nonlinear system. Finally, preciseness of the present analytical procedures is evaluated in contrast with numerical calculation methods.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Smart Grid Systems against Cyber-Physical Attacks

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of smart grid security against cyber-physical attacks on its distinct functional components. We discuss: (1) a function-based methodology to evaluate smart grid resilience against cyber-physical attacks; (2) a Bayesian Attack Graph for Smart Grid (BAGS) tool to compute the likelihood of the compromise of cyber components of the smart grid system; (3) risk analysis methodology, which combines the results of the function-based methodology and BAGS to quantify risk for each cyber component of the smart grid; and (4) efficient resource allocation in the smart grid cyber domain using reinforcement learning (extension of BAGS tool) to compute optimal policies about whether to perform vulnerability assessment or patch a cyber system of the smart grid whose vulnerability has already been discovered. The results and analysis of these approaches help power engineers to identify failures in advance from one system component to another, develop robust and more resilient power systems and improve situational awareness and the response of the system to cyber-physical attacks. This work sheds light on the interdependency between the cyber domain and power grid and demonstrates that the security of both worlds requires the utmost attention. We hope this work assists power engineers to protect the grid against future cyber-physical attacks.
The four questions: What does the introduction of exotic species do to diversity?

The breakdown of isolating barriers between biogeographical provinces will not have much effect on species diversity. In the short term, it will reduce global diversity, but increase local diversity. At steady state, the effects on global diversity disappear, but local increases remain. The real damage to diversity will come from shrinking the areas of the Earth that harbour wild species. The considerable damage exotic species have been known to do comes primarily from direct effects of particular introductions.