Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ion association reactions in aqueous solutions between non-UV-absorbing crown ether-alkali metal complexes with picrate ion by capillary zone electrophoresis

The ion association potential of non-UV-absorbing crown ether [12-crown-4 (12C4), 15-crown-5 (15C5) and 18-crown-6 (18C6)]–metal complexes with picrate ion was established through the change in mobility of picrate ion by capillary zone electrophoresis. The apparent electrophoretic mobility of picrate ion was found to decrease considerably with increasing concentration of 18C6 in the migrating solution in the presence of alkali metal ion. However, on increasing the alkali metal concentration in the presence of 18C6, the apparent electrophoretic mobility of picrate ion also decreased at concentrations up to 15 mM and then started to increase gradually. The decrease was independent of the kind of counter anion of the alkali metal ion, and was attributed to the interaction between the cationic complex and the picrate ion, whereas the increase was attributed as being due to both concentrated salt effects and competitive ion association towards the cations between picrate ion and the counter anions. No remarkable change in the mobility of picrate ion was observed with cationic12C4 or 15C5, which is attributed to weak complexation capability. The ion association constants (KML·X) between the complexes and picrate ion were determined using such mobility changes. 18-Crown-6 was found to provide the best ion associability whereas the ion association constants for 12C4 and 15C5 metal complexes with picrate ion could not be determined. Ion association constants obtained in this study were compared with those of other crown ethers; they decreased in the order 18C6 < benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) < dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) and hydrophobic interaction was suggested. In all cases, Na+ complexes showed higher ion associability than K+ complexes.
Window evolving factor analysis for assessment of peak homogeneity in liquid chromatography

A chromatographic system has been developed which permits the evaluation of the performance of methods for peak purity control in liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The separation of prednisone and hydrocortisone, two pharmaceutical drugs having highly similar spectra, can be modulated from Rs=0 to Rs=1. The performance of the fixed size window evolving factor analysis method was assessed with this chromatographic system. To avoid problems caused by instrumental and experimental difficulties, methods based on EFA require some form of data pretreatment
Development of a prototype program for configuring Vapour Recovery in fuel dispensers

Nar man tankar kommer det anga fran branslet. Denna anga sprids ut i atmosfaren och ar ett miljoproblem. For att motverka detta finns bestammelser varlden runt som kraver att bensinpumpar i teorin suger tillbaka all anga for att hjalpa motverka dess effekt. For att pumparna skall kunna gora detta optimalt skall de konfigureras. Konfigureringen utfors traditionellt satt manuellt. Dover Fueling Solutions vill dock utveckla ett digitalt system for att utfora en del av konfigureringen. I rapporten beskrivs utvecklingen av en prototyp for ett konfigureringsprogram. Hur dess anvandargranssnitt kan influeras av riktlinjer utforskas aven. Den slutgiltliga prototypen ar ett konfigureringsprogram som uppfyller kraven fran Dover Fueling Solutions och har ett grafiskt anvandargranssnitt utformat med hjalp av riktlinjer.
Studies on products of browning reaction--antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine

グルコサミン塩酸塩を遊離形にし, 37℃インキュベーターで0日から30日間放置褐変した褐変グルコサミン (BGA) の抗酸化性, 還元力, 褐変度, アミノ糖の残存量, pH, 水分量, 全窒素量を, 放置0日から5日間は毎日, 以後5日間の間隔で30日間測定した。 一方, 0, 15, 30日間放置褐変したBGAをセファデックスG-15で分画し, 抗酸化性, 還元力, 褐変度, pHについて測定して, 次のような結果を得た。 1) 遊離グルコサミンは, 3日間放置後より白色粉末状から褐色ペースト状に急激な変化を示した。 2) 最も強い抗酸化性は, 25日間と30日間放置褐変したBGAで認められた。 3) BGAのリノール酸に対する抗酸化性は, 褐変度と深い関係を示した。 4) 長く放置褐変したBGAは, 分子量が比較的高い領域の褐変生成物質と, 比較的低い領域の褐変生成物質に分画された。 5) 長く放置褐変したBGAでは, 高分子の褐変生成物質のフラクションと, 低分子の褐変生成物質のフラクションの中間フラクションに抗酸化性を認めた。
The crystal structures of cis- and trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)

Complete three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure analyses have been carried out on both compounds by identical experimental and computational methods. Observations were collected at 120°± 5°K and the intensities corrected for absorption. Hydrogen atoms were not located. After anisotropic refinement by least-squares, R is 0·091 for the cis-isomer and 0·077 for the trans-isomer. The bond lengths, corrected for rotational oscillation are Pt–Cl = 2·33 ± 0·01 A and Pt–N = 2·01 ± 0·04 A in the cis-compound, and Pt–Cl = 2·32 ± 0·01 A and Pt–N = 2·05 ± 0·04 A in the trans-compound. The only angle significantly different from 90° is Cl–Pt–Cl = 91·9°± 0·4° in the cis-compound.The crystals of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum are triclinic with two molecules in a unit cell having a= 6·75, b= 6·55, c= 6·23 A, α= 92·2°, β= 84·6°, and γ= 110·7°, and space group P. The molecules lie approximately parallel to (100) at x/a∼¼ and ∼¾, with platinum–platinum separations alternately 3·372 and 3·409 A perpendicular to the molecular planes. At low temperature the structure of the trans-isomer is essentially the same as that at room temperature reported by Porai-Koshits.
Investigating Different Coding Environments for Simplified Reservoir Characterization Models

xiii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY . 3 2.1 Resistance model (RM) . 3 2.1. 1 Diffusivity filters . 4 2.1. 2 Mathematical development . 4 2.2 Capacitance model (CM) . 5 2.3 Capacitance Resistance model (CRM) . 8 2.3.1 CRMT (tank model) . 8 2.3.2 CRMIP (Injector, producer model) . 9 2.3.3 Modifications and similar models . 9 2.4 Current work . 10 Chapter 3: CODING WORK AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS . 11 3.1 RM coding work (R and Matlabr ) . 11 3.2 Coding work for both the CRM and CM . 13 3.2.1 Coding work for both the CRM and CM using R-project . 13 3.2.2 Coding work for both the CRM and CM using Matlabr . 17 3.2.3 Matlabr optimization toolboxr work . 18 3.2.4 The mechanics of picking the starting values for the time constants . 25 3.2. 5 Issues with using Matlabr optimization toolboxr to solve CRM, CM models 26 3.2. 6 The effect of time constant (τi j) on production rates estimation . 33 3.2. 7 The effect of the connectivity (λi j) on the estimated production rate . 33 3.2. 8 Graphical representation for connectivity values . 34 3.3 Summary . 35
Lithographic performance of a dry-etch stable methacrylate resist at 193 nm

High resolution performance down to the 0.13 micrometers level is demonstrated in a methacrylate resist with pendent polycyclic side groups. The best performance is achieved with a bottom coat although interactions with the resist were still observed which led to the presence of scum in fine lines and to a large dose change relative to silicon. The demonstrated dry etch rate of the resist was found to be about 10% higher than APEX-E; predictions based on the ring parameter would have led us to expect a more favorable etch rate. The observed discrepancy has led us to speculate on possible exposure of the resist by the plasma environment and loss of the etch resistance polycyclic unit through evaporation.
Analysis of arsenic in rice grains using ICP-MS and fs LA-ICP-MS

With rice being the main staple crop in Asian countries such as China, Korea and Japan, the detection of arsenic (As), an element known to be carcinogenic to humans, has been the topic of high public interest. In this study, the total arsenic content in 200 white and 104 brown rice samples collected in Korea was analyzed using a Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). One of the rice grain samples was polished with 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 degrees of milling and arsenic concentration variance from the surface to the inner core region was investigated. Furthermore, spatial distribution of arsenic over the cross-section of a brown rice grain was obtained using femtosecond Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (fs LA-ICP-MS). For the total arsenic content analysis, 91.7 ± 28.1 and 101 ± 33.6 μg−1 kg−1 of arsenic were measured in the white and the brown rice, respectively. The fs LA-ICP-MS mapping image explains that the higher arsenic concentration in the brown rice is due to high arsenic distribution in the rice husk (protective covering of rice). Consequently, some degree of rice milling may be effective in the reduction of arsenic intake.
Chemoselective reduction of a nitro group through transfer hydrogenation catalysed by Ru0-nanoparticles stabilized on modified Montmorillonite clay

Ru0-nanoparticles of approximately 5 nm size were generated by incipient impregnation of RuCl3 into the nanopores of the acid activated Montmorillonite clay followed by polyol reduction. Acid activation of the clay increases the surface area by generating nanopores (0–10 nm), which act as a host and stabilize nanoparticles in the pores. The generated Ru0-nanoparticles exhibit inter-planar lattice fringe spacing of 0.21 nm of the face centered cubic lattice of Ru0 crystals, and show efficient catalytic activity in the chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reduction of substituted nitrobenzenes to corresponding anilines with high yield of conversion (56–97%) and selectivity (91–100%) depending upon the nature of the substituents. The reactions were carried out in the presence of isopropanol, which served as the solvent as well as the reductant. The catalysts were found to be active for several catalytic runs.
COLUMN SCANNING WITH SIMULTANEOUS USE OF 241AM AND 137CS GAMMA RADIATION

An 241Am and a 137Cs source with two single amplifier/discriminator systems are used simultaneously. Special attention is paid to a negligible influence of the Cs source in the Am channel, resulting in a cross-source-position layout. A residual Cs contribution of about 10 c.p.s. remains in the Am channel, which can easily be corrected. A soil column scanner is described in detail. Punch tape output permits fast data assimilation. The results of a number of calibration studies are presented. Variation in mass attenuation coefficients for soil seriously limits the use of this technique in natural soil columns. Statistical accuracy is low compared to a single moisture determination. In spite of both heavy sources a counting time of at least 1 min is preferable. Finally, an experiment with a swelling clay soil clearly demonstrates the possibilities of the simultaneous use of both radioisotopes.
A probabilistic SVM approach for hyperspectral image classification using spectral and texture features

ABSTRACT New hyperspectral sensors can collect a large number of spectral bands, which provide a capability to distinguish various objects and materials on the earth. However, the accurate classification of these images is still a big challenge. Previous studies demonstrate the effectiveness of combination of spectral data and spatial information for better classification of hyperspectral images. In this article, this approach is followed to propose a novel three-step spectral–spatial method for classification of hyperspectral images. In the first step, Gabor filters are applied for texture feature extraction. In the second step, spectral and texture features are separately classified by a probabilistic Support Vector Machine (SVM) pixel-wise classifier to estimate per-pixel probability. Therefore, two probabilities are obtained for each pixel of the image. In the third step, the total probability is calculated by a linear combination of the previous probabilities on which a control parameter determines the efficacy of each one. As a result, one pixel is assigned to one class which has the highest total probability. This method is performed in multivariate analysis framework (MAF) on which one pixel is represented by a d-dimensional vector, d is the number of spectral or texture features, and in functional data analysis (FDA) on which one pixel is considered as a continuous function. The proposed method is evaluated with different training samples on two hyperspectral data. The combination parameter is experimentally obtained for each hyperspectral data set as well as for each training samples. This parameter adjusts the efficacy of the spectral versus texture information in various areas such as forest, agricultural or urban area to get the best classification accuracy. Experimental results show high performance of the proposed method for hyperspectral image classification. In addition, these results confirm that the proposed method achieves better results in FDA than in MAF. Comparison with some state-of-the-art spectral–spatial classification methods demonstrates that the proposed method can significantly improve classification accuracies.
Developing a Subjective Well-Being Scale: Validity and Reliability Studies

Bu calismada, bireylerin oznel iyi olus dUzeylerini s'eiptayabilmek icin bir olcek gelistirilmesi amacllmrmstir. Ozneliyi Olus Olcegi (OIO) 46 maddeden olusan likert tipi bir olcektir. Olcekte, yasam alanIarina iliskin kisisel yargilar ile olumlu ve olumsuz duygu ifadeleri yer almaktadir. Gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalari 209 universite ogrencisi uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. OIO'nin yapi gecerligi temel bilesenler analizi ile saptanmistir. Ayrica olcegin madde toplam puan korelasyonlari incelenmistir. olo' den alinan puanlarin alt ve ust % 2Tlik puan gruplari ortalamalari t testi ile karsi lastirilmis; gruplar arasinda anlamli fark oldugu gozlenmistir. Yapilan benzer olcekler gecerligi calismasinda ise olo ile Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDI) arasinda anlamli bir iliski bulunmustur (r=-.70). Olcegin Cronbach alfa guvenirlik katsayisi . 93; test-tekrar test guvenirlik katsayisi r: . 86 olarak saptanmistir. Analizler sonucunda, olo 'nin universite ogrencilerinin 'oznel iyi olus duzeylerini belirlemede gecerli ve guvenilir bir arac olduguna karar verilmistir.
Approximation Optimal Vibration for Networked Nonlinear Vehicle Active Suspension with Actuator Time Delay

This paper is concerned with the modelling and vibration control problem for networked nonlinear vehicle active suspension (NNVAS) with actuator time delay. Inserting in‐vehicle communication network to active suspension, a novel model for NNVAS is established based on the Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy fusion technology first. By introducing a transformation vector, NNVAS with actuator time delay is reformed as a delay‐free nonlinear system. Then, an approximation optimal vibration controller (AOVC) is proposed by using an iterative algorithm, which consists of suspension state item, a road disturbance state item, and a compensated item for nonlinear response. Dependant on the control performance in each iteration, the computability of proposed AOVC is realized. A reduced‐order observer is designed to solve the physical unrealizable problem of road disturbances. Finally, compared with the open‐loop system and H∞ control scheme without network setting, the capability of improving control performance under AOVC is illustrated.
Optical properties of blood in the near-infrared spectral range

We determine the optical properties of whole blood samples in the near infrared spectral range from double integrating sphere measurements using an inverse Monte Carlo technique. The measured values included the diffuse reflectance, the total transmittance, and the collimated transmittance. From these data, the absorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient, and the anisotropy factor were derived. The spectral range investigated extended from 700 nm to 1200 nm. It was found that the optical properties of blood were substantially different from the respective data for other relevant human tissues known so far. In addition, we analyzed the effect of the scattering phase function approximation on the resulting estimates of the optical properties. The Henyev-Greenstein and the Gegenbauer kernel phase functions were considered. The calculated angular distributions of scattered light were compared with goniophotometric measurements performed at the wavelength of 633 nm. The data presented in this study prove that the variations of the employed scattering phase function approximation can cause large discrepancies in the derived optical properties. This leads to the conclusion that the exact knowledge of the scattering phase function is required for the precise determination of the optical constants from the double integrating sphere measurements.
Preparation of Novel Collagen Sponges Using an Ice Particulate Template

A new type of collagen sponge was prepared as a tissue engineering scaffold using ice particulates as a template. The sponge has a hierarchical structure of large open pores on the top surface and interconnected small pores in the inner bulk body. The shape, size, and density of the surface large pores were determined by the ice particulates that were used as the template while the interconnected small pores were determined by the freezing temperature. The open and interconnected porous structure of the new collagen sponge facilitated cell seeding, cell penetration, and distribution throughout the scaffold, and accelerated cell proliferation and regeneration of new tissue. These ice particulate templates could be used to create open and interconnected porous scaffold structures.
Application of electric pulsed power on fruit body production of edible and medicinal mushrooms

Effect of pulsed power was investigated on fruit body formation of 10 edible mushrooms, Lentinula edodes, Glifola frondosa, Pholiota nameko, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus abalonus, Agrocybe cylindracea and Sparassis crispa. Pulsed power of 100-170 kV was directly charged to the substrate just before fructification. The effect of the pulsed power resulted to promote for 10 edible mushrooms fructification. The treatment especially stimulated the fructification on Pleurotus species.
Investigation of the interfacial reaction between metal and fluorine-contained polyimides

In this work, thin metal films (Cr and Ta) were deposited on fluorine-contained polyimides, 6FDA–BisAAF, and 6FDA–PPD. The chemical states of the metal∕polyimide samples were characterized by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis reveals that metal–C, C–O, and metal–O bondings are present in metallized 6FDA–BisAAF and 6FDA–PPD. C–F bonds are observed in bare 6FDA–BisAAF and 6FDA–PPD; however, they are not seen in the metallized samples. Disappearance of the C–F bonding is attributed to the disruption of CF3 side groups from the main chains of 6FDA–BisAAF and 6FDA–PPD when the chains are exposed to the plasma during the metal deposition. Nevertheless, the disruption of CF3 side groups also creates sites for the formation of metal–C or C–O bondings, which provide a positive adhesion strength at the metal∕polyimide interface, as revealed by the tape test.
Swelling of phospholipid floating bilayers: the effect of chain length

The equilibrium distance between two lipid bilayers stable in bulk water and in proximity of a substrate was investigated. Samples consisted of a homogeneous lipid bilayer, floating near an identical bilayer deposited on the hydrophilic surface of a silicon single crystal. Lipids were saturated di-acyl phosphocholines, with the number of carbon atoms per chain, n, varying from 16 to 20. The average and r.m.s. positions of the floating bilayer were determined by means of neutron specular reflectivity. Samples were prepared at room temperature (i.e. with the lipids in the gel phase) and measurements performed at various temperatures so that the whole region of transition from gel to fluid phase was explored. Data have been interpreted in terms of competition between the interbilayer potential and membrane fluctuations and used to estimate the bending rigidity of the bilayer.
The melting line of the Weeks–Chandler–Anderson Lennard‐Jones reference system

The purpose of this paper is to study the role of repulsive and attractive forces on the melting behavior of simple substances. The melting line of the purely repulsive Weeks–Chandler–Anderson Lennard‐Jones reference system is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. Comparison with the full Lennard‐Jones system shows that attraction causes a constant shift of the melting line along the temperature axis. The pressure or temperature dependence of the calculated melting discontinuities ΔV and ΔH is compared with the equations recently obtained by van der Putten and Schouten.
On the Measurement and Evaluation of Pressure and Solidosity in Filtration

New test filtration equipment has been constructed that makes simultaneous measurement of local solid compressive pressure and local solidosity possible. Four materials were used to evaluate the new equipment. In this equipment the solidosity was measured with resolution of 1 mm in height (i.e. in the direction of the liquid flow). The experimental error was estimated to be 0.005–0.04 m 3 m −3 , depending on the properties of the slurry. Constitutive relationships for solidosity, permeability and specific filtration resistance were estimated and an overall good fit was obtained. Furthermore, it was found that the average specific filtration resistance based on the classical filtration equation could differ by as much as 20% compared to corresponding values based on local measurements.
Supporting Tungsten Oxide on Zirconia by Hydrothermal and Impregnation Methods and Its Use as a Catalyst To Reduce the Viscosity of Heavy Crude Oil

Tungsten oxide was supported on zirconia via hydrothermal and conventional impregnation methods and used as a catalyst to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil without the addition of water. Their properties and viscosity reduction activity were compared. X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method were used to characterize the crystal structure and determine the phase composition. The properties of catalysts were also measured by N2 adsorption–desorption, differential scanning calorimetry, a Hammett indicator, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption. Compared with the impregnation method, the hydrothermal method facilitates the formation of strong tungsten–zirconia interaction and promotes the diffusion of tungstate on zirconia, hence leading to better-dispersed tungsten oxide, as well as more tetragonal zirconia and acid sites. Under the reaction conditions of 220 °C, 6 h, and 2 MPa, the catalysts prepared via the hydrothermal method exhibit higher viscosity reduction activity than those prepared .
The dissociation of the ammonium ion and the basic strength of ammonia in water

In recent years the strengths of many acids have been determined by exact methods and the work of Harned and Embree (1934) on the dissociation constants of acids at different temperatures has given us precise know ­ ledge of the thermodynamic functions associated with the ionization of these substances. No similar measurements had been made with uncharged bases until Pedersen (1937 a ) determined the dissociation constants of aniline and o -chloraniline, Pedersen (1937 b ); the accepted values for the common bases are derived from old measurements which can no longer be regarded as sufficiently precise.
Phase stability and electronic properties of silver halides

In this work, we study the phase stability and electronic properties of silver halides ( AgBr, AgCl and AgI) using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the density functional theory. In this approach, the Wu–Cohen generalized gradient approximation was used for the exchange–correlation potential. Moreover, the modified Becke–Johnson approximation was also used for band-structure calculations. Various structural phase transitions were considered here in order to confirm the most stable structure and to predict the phase transition under hydrostatic pressure. In addition, we have studied the band structures of the stable phases of these compounds which reveal that the three compounds exhibit semiconducting behavior. The results obtained are compared with other calculations and experimental measurements.