Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonmetric Cranial Variation of Northeast Asians and Their Population Affinities

A comparative study of nonmetric cranial variation revealed population affinities between the Northeast and East Asians. The recent eastern Siberian populations were basically divided into the three groups defined by Debets (1951), though the Baikal group peoples, consisting of the Amur, Evenki and Yukagir, do not cluster together. The Yukagir remain intermediate between the Baikal and Central Asian groups, while the Evenki are isolated from other Siberians, probably because of their small sample size. The Neolithic Baikalian are close to the Amur peoples, while the Troitskoe of the Mo-ho culture from the Amur basin show some close affinities with the Central Asian group. Because the Central Asian group peoples are more similar to the Northern Chinese than to the Neolithic Baikalian, the former two seem likely to have interacted with each other since the Neolithic age. The Hokkaido Ainu show no close affinity with the Neolithic or the later Siberian Mongoloids, nor with the Europeans.
Biodegradable Adhesives Composed of Human Serum Albumin and Organic Acid-based Crosslinkers with Active Ester Groups

The organic acid-based crosslinkers trisuccinimidyl citrate (TSC), disuccinimidyl malate (DSM), and disuccinimidyl tartarate (DST) were combined with human serum albumin (HSA) to produce biodegradable solid— liquid-type adhesives, TSC-A, DSM-A, and DST-A. The bonding time of TSC-A, DSM-A, and DST-A was 15, 10, and 5 min, respectively, when the content of organic acid-based crosslinkers was 0.5 mmol and the HSA concentration was 44 w/v%. Five minutes after application of the adhesives, the DST-A adhesive had the greatest bonding strength (489.14 ± 93.06 kPa) compared with TSC-A (120.86 ± 73.83 kPa) and DSM-A (224.44 ± 79.53 kPa). The bonding strength of DSM-A and DST-A increased with increasing DSM or DST content up to 0.5 mmol, after that the bonding strength decreased. While, the bonding strength of the TSC-A adhesive was relatively low at any TSC content compared with the other adhesives. The bonding strength of DST-A with 0.3 mmol of DST increased with increasing HSA concentration up to 44 w/v%, and then decreased. The bonding strength of the DST-A adhesive was 3.2-fold greater than that of a commercial aldehyde-based adhesive and 6-fold greater than that of a fibrin-based adhesive. DST-A has excellent biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, and only mild tissue reaction in rat subcutaneous tissues.
The temperature-dependent accumulation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX and reactive oxygen species in Chlorella vulgaris

Photosynthetic organisms undergo photoacclimation in response to changes in environmental conditions to maximize energy production and at the same time protect the light-sensitive pigments and proteins from excess light. Low temperature and high irradiance both cause the electron transport chain to become more reduced which can result in the production of damaging reactive oxygen species. In the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beij. , light and temperature regulate light-harvesting protein accumulation via the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. To investigate temperature-dependent factor (s) regulating light-harvesting protein accumulation we measured the abundance of chlorophyll biosynthetic precursors and reactive oxygen species production in C. vulgaris cells acclimated to a series of growth conditions. We observed that Mg-protoporphyrin accumulates in response to low temperature, but its abundance does not correlate with light-harvesting protein levels. Reactive oxygen levels measured under the same growth conditions strongly correlated with light-harvesting protein levels. Therefore, we suggest that reactive oxygen species may act as part of both a temperature- and irradiance-dependent signalling mechanism in the regulation of light-harvesting protein accumulation in response to growth conditions.
Insulin Resistance Increases Serum Immunoglobulin E Sensitization in Premenopausal Women

Background Although studies have shown that obesity is associated with aeroallergen sensitization (atopy), controversy still exists. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic status, obesity, and atopy stratified by sex and menopausal status. Methods A total of 1,700 adults from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were classified into metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) by body mass index and insulin resistance. Atopy was defined as a positive response to at least one aeroallergen. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of immunoglobulin E (IgE) elevation or atopy in relation to the degree of metabolic abnormality and obesity. Results In premenopausal women, total IgE was positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. MUNO participants had a higher risk of having elevated total IgE compared to MHNO participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.271; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.201 to 4.294), while MHO participants did not show a significant difference (OR, 1.435; 95% CI, 0.656 to 3.137) in premenopausal women. MUNO, but not MHO was also associated with atopy (OR, 2.157; 95% CI, 1.284 to 3.625). In men and postmenopausal women, there was no significant difference between metabolic status, obesity, and atopy among groups. Conclusion Increased insulin resistance is associated with total IgE and atopy in premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women or men.
Mutative Fuzzing for an Assembler Compiler

Compilers play a crucial role in software development, and demands for their correctness are high. Testing them is a challenging process, involving many layers of complexity and many interwoven methodologies. One of the popular techniques that is known to increase the eﬀectiveness of manually written test cases, is fuzzing: seeded with an initial test case, a fuzzer can mutate it to automatically infer multitudes of mutated test cases. Yet, not all is well when you try to apply fuzzing to test an industrial compiler of a legacy assembler-level language, since most research on fuzzing was done on C, and such results are not easy to generalise. In this paper, we explain the complications and show a number of mutation strategies that we successfully applied to fuzz HLASM code. So far we have tested 24000 mutated ﬁles and have been able to ﬂag 621 of them as triggering a bug, and found and ﬁxed at least one unique bug in Raincode As-sembler Compiler.
The Association between Pulmonary Functions and Incident Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis from the Ansung Cohort in Korea

Background We sought to explore whether reduced pulmonary function is an independent risk factor for incident diabetes in Koreans. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of pulmonary function as a risk factor for incident diabetes using 10-year follow-up data from 3,864 middle-aged adults from the Ansung cohort study in Korea. The incidence of diabetes was assessed using both oral glucose tolerance tests and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Results During 37,118 person-years of follow-up, 583 participants developed diabetes (incidence rate: 15.7 per 1,000 person-years). The mean follow-up period was 8.0±3.7 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC; % predicted) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; % predicted) were significantly correlated with incident diabetes in a graded manner after adjustment for sex, age, smoking, exercise, and metabolic parameters. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) for diabetes were 1.408 (1.106 to 1.792) and 1.469 (1.137 to 1.897) in the first quartiles of FVC and FEV1, respectively, when compared with the highest quartile. Furthermore, the FVC of the lowest first and second quartiles showed a significantly higher 10-year panel homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, with differences of 0.095 (95% CI, 0.010 to 0.018; P=0.028) and 0.127 (95% CI, 0.044 to 0.210; P=0.003), respectively, when compared to the highest quartiles. Conclusion FVC and FEV1 are independent risk factors for developing diabetes in Koreans. Pulmonary factors are possible risk factors for insulin resistance and diabetes.
Effects of Physical Activity on the Stress and Suicidal Ideation in Korean Adult Women with Depressive Disorder

Depressive disorder is common in many adult women in the world. It was found that depressive disorder was related to stress and suicidal ideation in Korean adult women with depressive disorder. Physical activities were effective to solve this mental disorder. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on the stress and suicidal ideation of Korean adult women with depressive disorder. A sample of 1315 Korean adult women who have depressive disorder was collected, and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to determine this purpose of the study. The complex samples in frequency analysis were used to identify the characteristics of the participants. The logistic regression in the complex sample design was conducted to investigate the effects of PA on the stress and suicidal ideation in Korean adult women with depressive disorder. The effects of flexibility exercise on the stress in Korean adult women with depressive disorder showed the odds ratio (OR) value of 1.434 (OR = 1.434, 95% CI = 1.043–1.973, p < 0.05). The effects of flexibility exercise on the suicidal ideation in Korean adult women with depressive disorder presented the OR value of 0.682 (OR = 0.682, 95% CI = 0.496–0.937, p < 0.05). Based on the results, the participants who did flexibility exercises were likely to have less stress and suicidal ideation than the Korean adult women with depressive disorder who did not participate in flexibility exercise. In conclusion, the flexibility exercise has played an important role in reducing and preventing stress and suicidal ideation in Korean adult women with depressive disorder.
Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study assesses the associations of objectively-measured smartphone time with physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns among young adults by collecting real-time data of the smartphone screen-state. The sample consisted of 306 college-aged students (mean age ± SD: 20.7 ± 1.4 years; 60% males). Over seven days of time, the following variables were measured in the participants: objectively-measured smartphone use (Your Hour and Screen Time applications), objective and subjective physical activity (GoogleFit and Apple Health applications, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), mood (The Profile of Mood State (POMS)), and sleep (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)). Multiple regressions analyses showed that the number of hours sitting per day, physical activity, and the POMS Global Score significantly predicted smartphone use (adj.R2 = 0.15). Further, participants with low levels of physical activity were more likely to increase the use of smartphones (OR = 2.981). Moreover, mood state (β = 0.185; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.32) and sleep quality (β = 0.076; 95% CI = −0.06, 0.21) predicted smartphone use, with those reporting poor quality of sleep (PSQI index >5) being more likely to use the smartphone (OR = 2.679). In conclusion, there is an association between objectively-measured smartphone use and physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns. Those participants with low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior, poor mood state, and poor sleep quality were more likely to spend more time using their smartphones.
Evaluating the Viability of Successive Ring‐Expansions Based on Amino Acid and Hydroxyacid Side‐Chain Insertion

Abstract The outcome of ring‐expansion reactions based on amino/hydroxyacid side‐chain insertion is strongly dependent on ring size. This manuscript, which builds upon our previous work on Successive Ring Expansion (SuRE) methods, details efforts to better define the scope and limitations of these reactions on lactam and β‐ketoester ring systems with respect to ring size and additional functionality. The synthetic results provide clear guidelines as to which substrate classes are more likely to be successful and are supported by computational results, using a density functional theory (DFT) approach. Calculating the relative Gibbs free energies of the three isomeric species that are formed reversibly during ring expansion enables the viability of new synthetic reactions to be correctly predicted in most cases. The new synthetic and computational results are expected to support the design of new lactam‐ and β‐ketoester‐based ring‐expansion reactions.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal dependency of different plant species and cultivars

Abstract The degree of plant growth change associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization is expressed as mycorrhizal dependency (MD). In this review, previous reports on the differences in MD among plant species or cultivars were surveyed, and the factors affecting the differences are discussed. Mean values of MD were 44% for field crops (37 species), 56% for forage crops (46 species), 70% for wild grasses and forbs (140 species), 79% for trees (26 species), and 56% for all plants (250 species), indicating that the cultivated plant species showed a lower MD than the wild plant species. MD was negatively correlated with root morphological characteristics such as root length, root dry weight, root hair length, density of root hairs, the ability of roots to acquire phosphate from soil, and the phosphorus utilization efficiency of the host plant. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for low input systems should be carried out in considering differences in MD.
CTO Power

OVERVIEW: Those who aspire to strategic leadership as Chief Technology Officers must look beyond their roots in technology and develop their careers in light of the realities of how decisions are made in top management teams. Research on upper-echelon leadership suggests that CTOs who aspire to significant strategic influence should build their power bases on general business savvy, strong personal relationships in networks inside and outside the firm and, in some cases, on their ownership position in the firm. Research showing that executive decision-making is often informal, based on personal relationships and frequently involving people from outside the firm, suggests that these bases can be more important than the traditional cornerstones of a CTO's power: technological expertise and organizational position power. The leadership style of the CEO can also significantly enhance or detract from a CTO's ability to influence firm strategy.
Novel Pestalotiopsis Species from Thailand Point to the Rich Undiscovered Diversity of this Chemically Creative Genus

Abstract Two novel species, Pestalotiopsis shorea from Shorea obtusa and P. simitheae from Pandanus sp. were isolated in Thailand. They are introduced in this paper on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics. P. shorea differs in morphology from its closely related species, P. adusta, by its shorter, tubular apical appendages and brown median cells; P. simitheae can be separated from its sister species, P. theae, by its shorter apical appendages, larger length/width ratio and colony with irregular edge and being orange on reverse of PDA plates. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined sequence dataset from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial &bgr;-tubulin and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef? 1) gene loci, confirms their distinct phylogenetic positions in the genus with strong support.
Bioavailable phytoprostanes and phytofurans from Gracilaria longissima have anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND An array of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects has been described in several species of macroalgae. Among them, phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs), both autoxidation products of α-linolenic acid, have been seen to exert immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities in vitro. The purpose of this study was to explore the bioaccesibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of PhytoPs and PhytoFs obtained from the edible red algae Gracilaria longissima, and to gain insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of their bioavailable fraction in human endothelial cells. METHODS The PhytoPs and PhytoFs profile and concentration of G. longissima were determined by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Algal samples were processed following a standardised digestion method including gastric, intestinal, and gastrointestinal digestion. The bioavailability of the PhytoPs and PhytoFs in the characterized fractions was assessed in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of the intestinal barrier. The inflammation response of these prostaglandin-like compounds in human endothelial cells, after intestinal absorption, was investigated in vitro. RESULTS Simulated digestions significantly reduced the concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs up to 1.17 and 0.42 μg per 100 g, respectively, on average, although permeability through the Caco-2 cell monolayer was high (up to 88.2 and 97.7%, on average, respectively). PhytoP and PhytoF-enriched extracts of raw algae impaired the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6 inflammation markers. The inflammation markers progressed in contrast to the relative concentrations of bioactive oxylipins, suggesting pro- or anti-inflammatory activity on their part. In this aspect, the cross-reactivity of these compounds with diverse receptors, and their relative concentration could explain the diversity of the effects found in the current study. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PhytoPs and PhytoFs display complex pharmacological profiles probably mediated through their different actions and affinities in the endothelium.
Biosynthesis. Part 27.1,2 Colchicine: studies of the phenolic oxidative coupling and ring-expansion processes based on incorporation of multiply labelled 1-phenethylisoquinolines

Earlier research from our group had proved that the biosynthesis of colchicine and its tropolonoid relatives involves the oxidative ring-closure of a 1-phenethyltetrahydroisoquinoline, autumnaline, followed by extensive modification of the cyclised product. These steps pose many mechanistic and stereochemical questions which are set out in the Introduction. The sequel then provides the answers based on the results from a series of incorporation experiments on Colchicum plants involving multiply labelled forms of autumnaline and its biological precursors. These multiply labelled samples required the synthesis of eleven differently labelled tetrahydroisoquinolines; the methods used to introduce the labels are described. Autumnaline is shown to be present in Colchicumautumnale plants and labelled forms of some precursors of it are synthesised and studied. Taken together, the findings allow further definition of a substantial part of the biosynthetic pathway to colchicine and its relatives.
The development, structure, and histochemistry of sclerotia of ectomycorrhizal fungi. I. Pisolithus tinctorius

Sclerotia were produced by growing Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch in association with Pinus strobus L. and Pinus resinosa Ait. in plastic growth pouches. Developing and mature sclerotia were collected, fixed, and embedded for light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. They were found to consist of an outer pigmented rind, an inner and outer cortex, and a large central medulla. Cortical and medullary areas were comprised of pseudoparenchyma which contained large deposits of glycogen, as well as protein and lipids. The structure of these sclerotia indicates that they are persistent propagules. Sclerotia may be important in nature for the recolonization of root tips after environmental stresses. They may also be useful for storing valuable strains of P. tinctorius and as a source of inoculum for experimental studies.
Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

E-cigarettes have a liquid that may contain flavors, solvents, and nicotine. Heating this liquid generates an aerosol that is inhaled into the lungs in a process commonly referred to as vaping. E-cigarette devices can also contain cannabis-based products including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis (marijuana). E-cigarette use has rapidly increased among current and former smokers as well as youth who have never smoked. The long-term health effects are unknown, and emerging preclinical and clinical studies suggest that e-cigarettes may not be harmless and can cause cellular alterations analogous to traditional tobacco smoke. Here, we review the historical context and the components of e-cigarettes and discuss toxicological similarities and differences between cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol, with specific reference to adverse respiratory outcomes. Finally, we outline possible clinical disorders associated with vaping on pulmonary health and the recent escalation of acute lung injuries, which led to the declaration of the vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. It is clear there is much about vaping that is not understood. Consequently, until more is known about the health effects of vaping, individual factors that need to be taken into consideration include age, current and prior use of combustible tobacco products, and whether the user has preexisting lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Cellular and subcellular localization of Huntington aggregates in the brain of a rat transgenic for Huntington disease

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by emotional, cognitive, and motor dysfunctions. Aggregation of huntingtin is a hallmark of HD and, therefore, a crucial parameter for the evaluation of HD animal models. We investigated here the regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution of N‐terminal huntingtin aggregates and associated neuropathological changes in the forebrain of a rat transgenic for HD (tgHD). The tgHD rat brain showed enormously enlarged lateral ventricles and a similar atrophy of cortical and subcortical areas as known in HD patients. Huntingtin aggregates of varying size and forms were regionally identified in neuronal nuclei, cytoplasm, dendrites, dendritic spines, axons, and synaptic terminals, closely resembling the results described earlier for human HD brains and in established HD mouse models. Huntingtin aggregates in mitochondria support mitochondrial dysfunction as contributing to the disease pathogenesis. Dark cell degeneration was reminiscent of results in HD individuals and HD mouse models. Interestingly, huntingtin aggregates were especially well accumulated in two interacting limbic forebrain systems, the ventral striatopallidum and the extended amygdala, which may contribute to the early onset of emotional changes observed in the tgHD rat. In conclusion, the tgHD rat model reflects to a remarkable extent the cellular and subcellular neuropathological key features as observed in human HD and HD mouse brains and hints of changes in limbic forebrain systems, which may elucidate the emotional dysfunction in the tgHD rat and affective disturbances in HD patients. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:716–730, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.