Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mi’kmaw Perspective on Advancing Salmon Governance in Nova Scotia, Canada: Setting the Stage for Collaborative Co-Existence

Issues related to fisheries governance are a source of debate and tension between the Indigenous Mi’kmaq people of Nova Scotia and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) in matters concerning Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Within the context of the existing governance regime, this analysis compares the concept of salmon conservation and management from a Mi’kmaq perspective and proposes a collaborative co-existence approach for effective salmon governance in Nova Scotia. This approach begins by using co-management as a process, Two-Eyed Seeing as the design, and treaties as the model to achieve shared objectives of maintaining and improving abundances of salmon populations, in spite of differing mechanisms for addressing the interwoven complexities of multiple realities, conservation, and cultural identity.
Effects of Changed School Entry Rules: Age Effects within Third Grade Students

It has been reported that young age of school onset has important effects on academic and behavioral outcomes. Although there are studies using multinational data, data from low and middle income countries are few. As part of a larger study about mathematics learning difficulties, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the age of school entry on mathematics ability and general ability in standard tests and emotional and behavioral problems reported by their teachers among 2058 third grade students in Ankara, second biggest and capital city of Turkey. Results indicated lower mathematics and general abilities and higher hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention and emotional problems scores as well as less prosocial behavior in the youngest group of children. Effect sizes were largest for general ability and mathematics ability. Our data were largely consistent with previous studies from other countries, and extended the literature by providing data from a middle income country.
Unexpected mixed valence iron(II, III) 3-oxo furfuryl complex with wheel motif isolated when preparing iron(II) arene complexes

A series of new compounds including 2-({[(4-(propoan-2-yl)benzyl]Oxy}methyl)tetrahydrofuran ligand were tested in order to link auxiliary and labile ligands to iron arene complexes. The given reaction of benzyletherfurane ligand with Fe (II) sources resulted to the isolation of unexpected mixed valence µ3-oxo-Fe6IIFeIII compound, which has been fully characterized by x-ray crystallography. The resulting complex differs from the similar compound known in the literature. Key words: Mixed valence complex, heptanuclear Fe(II,III), wheel motif structure, dangling spatial orientation of furfuryl ligand, 2-({[4-(propoan-2-yl)benzyl]Oxy}methyl)tetrahydrofuran, single crystal.
Step-by-Step Explanation of Hendricks and Kovenock (1989)'s Model of Social Learning

We explain the Hendricks and Kovenock (1989)'s framework by studying the behavior of two strategic firms under an informational externality. The informational externality arises when each firm of a social network is endowed with private information regarding the profitability of the investment. In such situations, the past decisions of the firms are informative and, thus, are used as partially revealing signals of private information. Asymmetric information and the observability of actions render the firm's problem dynamic and strategic because the investment decision of one firm affects the other firms' future payoffs through the learning process. We describe the model and we show that there exists a unique symmetric Bayesian Nash equilibrium. The informational externality increases the likelihood for a firm to refrain from investing immediately in order to make a more informed decision in the future.
A 900-Years Larch Chronology for North-Western Siberia on the Bases of Archaeological Wood of the UST-Voykar Settlement

A 900-Years Larch Chronology for North-Western Siberia on the Bases of Archaeological Wood of the UST-Voykar Settlement During 2003-2006 summer excavation seasons of the Ust-Voykar settlement (65°40' N, 64°30' E) located in northwestern Siberia on the left bank of Gornaya Ob river, 121 samples of larch were collected. Living trees collected nearby were used to cross-date settlement construction. On the basis of living larch trees a 446 year (1554-1999) chronology has been constructed. Calendar dates for 101 samples of archaeological wood were established by cross-dating. Together, the living and archeological material result in a 903 year long chronology. This chronology shows similar variations as the Yamal and Polar Ural chronologies and provides new material that can be included in future climatic reconstructions.
A Miniaturized CPW-Fed Tapered Slot Antenna in Lossy Environment for UWB Application in Breast Cancer Detection

In this paper, a miniaturized coplanar waveguide fed (CPW-fed) tapered slot antenna (TSA) is introduced for breast cancer detection. Here, a modified CPW to slot-line transition structure with an air-bridge is employed to broaden the transition bandwidth and increase the radiation efficiency. Through these applied modifications, negative features of the original TSA (limitation of transition) and antipodal Vivaldi antenna (bad cross-polarization) are both removed, while all the positive features remained. We have developed a FDTD-UPML method in lossy environment by using Debye model. To validate the results, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. By immersing the antenna in alcohol ethanol as a lossy coupling medium and inserting it close to a two-layer breast phantom, near-field parameters are calculated in different probe locations. Results show that the proposed structure offers a broad bandwidth of 0.5–19 GHz and also exhibits an appropriate current distribution with high radiation efficiency. Images of energy flux density (EFD) and fidelity factor (FF) confirm the good performance of the antenna in near-field region. Review History: Received: 8 August 2016 Revised: 11 September 2016 Accepted: 27 February 2017 Available Online: 2 March 2017
Ordinal models of audiovisual speech perception

Audiovisual information is integrated in speech perception. One manifestation of this is the McGurk illusion in which watching the articulating face alters the auditory phonetic percept. Understanding this phenomenon fully requires a computational model with predictive power. Here, we describe ordinal models that can account for the McGurk illusion. We compare this type of models to the Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception (FLMP) in which the response categories are not ordered. While the FLMP generally fit the data better than the ordinal model it also employs more free parameters in complex experiments when the number of response categories are high as it is for speech perception in general. Testing the predictive power of the models using a form of cross-validation we found that ordinal models perform better than the FLMP. Based on these findings we suggest that ordinal models generally have greater predictive power because they are constrained by a priori information about the adjacency of phonetic categories.
Road-Based Surveys for Estimating Wild Turkey Density in the Texas Rolling Plains

Abstract Line-transect–based distance sampling has been used to estimate density of several wild bird species including wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). We used inflatable turkey decoys during autumn (Aug–Nov) and winter (Dec–Mar) 2003–2005 at 3 study sites in the Texas Rolling Plains, USA, to simulate Rio Grande wild turkey (M. g. intermedia) flocks. We evaluated detectability of flocks using logistic regression models. Our modeling effort suggested that distance to a flock and flock size played important roles in flock detectability. We also conducted surveys from roads for wild turkeys during November 2004–January 2006. The detection probability of decoy flocks was similar to wild turkey flocks during winter (decoy flock, 69.3 ± 6.2% [x̄ ± 95% CI]; wild turkey flock, 62.2 ± 18.3%) and autumn (decoy flock, 44.1 ± 5.1%; wild turkey flock, 44.7 ± 25.6%), which suggested that using decoys was appropriate for evaluating detectability of wild turkey flocks from roads. We conducted computer simulations to evaluate the performance of line-transect–based distance sampling and examined the power to detect trends in population change. Simulations suggested that population density may be underestimated by 12% during winter and 29% during autumn. Such bias occurred because of incomplete detectability of flocks near roads. Winter surveys tended to have less bias, lower relative variability, and greater power than did autumn surveys. During winter surveys, power was sufficient (≥0.80) to detect a 10–25% change in population density in 8–12 years using ≥100 16-km transects or ≥80 32-km transects. We concluded line-transect–based distance sampling from roads is an efficient, effective, and inexpensive technique for monitoring Rio Grande wild turkey populations across large scales.
Character association and inheritance studies of different sorghum genotypes for fodder yield and quality under irrigated and rainfed conditions

Cyanide poisoning is the major problem in sorghum fodder. This poisoning results in livestock mortality and causes economic loss to the people. Some work have been reported on quantity but little work has been focused on quality especially the cyanide content in sorghum fodder in Pakistan. Inheritance mechanism for some fodder yield and quality traits were studied among 25 sorghum genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Highly significant genotypic as well as genotype x location differences were observed for all the characters studied. Highest genotypic and phenotypic variances were observed for plant height, fresh weight plant -1 , green fodder yield and total cyanide content. Green fodder yield, dry matter yield, fresh weight plant -1 , dry weight plant -1 and total cyanide content depicted high heritability estimates along with high expected genetic advance. There were strong positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations between green fodder yield and number of tillers plant -1 stem thickness, fresh weight plant -1 , dry weight plant -1 and dry matter yield. Strong negative genotypic and phenotypic correlations were observed between total cyanide content and number of tillers plant -1 , stem thickness, fresh weight plant -1 , dry weight plant -1 and green fodder yield. The present study indicates that the indirect selection and simultaneous improvement in sorghum fodder yield as well as quality is feasible because of significant relationship among traits. Key words : Correlation-fodder yield-genetic advance-heritability-hydrocyanic acid, quality traits-Sorghum bicolor.
The detection of human papilloma virus 16 L1 capsid protein and p16 in cervical lesions

Background Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide and also the second most common female malignancy in Mongolia. The association of p16 and hr-HPV in Asia and in more particular in Mongolia are still relatively unexplored. So we aimed to detect the immunohistochemistry expression of p16 and L1 protein of HPV16 and to investigate the combined expression of these markers in cervical lesions. Methods A total of 96 cases were selected from the records of Pathology services, National Cancer center of Mongolia. There were 50 cases diagnosed as LSIL and 46 cases diagnosed as HSIL. The immunohistochemical staining with p16 and HPV 16 L1 were done on all cases. Results The positive rate of HPV 16 L1 capsid protein was identified 74% in LSIL cases and 52% in HSIL cases.There were a significant difference for HPV16 in HSIL and LSIL groups.Immunohistochemistry of p16 staining shows 76% in LSIL cases and 72% in HSIL cases. There was not a statistically significant difference for p16 in HSIL and LSIL groups. A chi square test was used to analyze the result and the obtained p value was <0.05. Conclusion The combination between hr-HPV and p16 is considered to be more useful, having a higher accuracy than hr-HPV or p16 alone. There is still critical need, to find other molecular surrogate markers, which can provide accurate information about which precursor lesions would progress toward cancer.
Gaseous mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

Total gaseous mercury (TGM) was measured on- board a passenger aircraft during monthly CARIBIC flights (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) made between May 2005 and March 2007 on the routes Frankfurt-SPaulo- Santiago de Chile and back and Frankfurt-Guangzhou- Manila and back. The data provide for the first time an insight into the seasonal distributions of TGM in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) of both hemi- spheres and demonstrate the importance of mercury emis- sions from biomass burning in the Southern Hemisphere. Numerous plumes were observed in the upper troposphere, the larger of which could be characterized in terms of Hg/CO emission ratios and their probable origins. During the flights to China TGM correlated with CO in the upper troposphere with a seasonally dependent slope reflecting the longer life- time of elemental mercury when compared to that of CO. A pronounced depletion of TGM was always observed in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere. TGM concentra- tions there were found to decrease with the increasing con- centrations of particles. Combined with the large concentra- tions of particle bond mercury in the stratosphere observed by others, this finding suggests either a direct conversion of TGM to particle bound mercury or an indirect conversion via
Qr Photoluminescent properties of oxidized stochiometric and carbon-rich amorphous Si 1 − x C x : H films

Near-stochiometric and carbon-rich a-Si1−xCx:H thin films were deposited using the magnetron sputtering of Si target in Ar/CH4 gas mixture. As-deposited nearstochimetric (x = 0.5) sample showed weak blue photoluminescence (PL), while PL of as-deposited carbon-rich (x = 0.7) sample was 20 times stronger and white in color. The films were annealed in pure argon, wet argon, and dry oxygen at 450 °C for 30 min. The intensity of PL in a-Si1−xCx:H layers were enhanced by the factor from 2 to 12 after annealing in dependence on the annealing atmosphere. The strongest oxidation and strongest light emission were observed in carbon-rich series (x = 0.7) after annealing in oxidizing atmosphere. Structural properties of the films were characterized by infra-red absorption spectroscopy, ellipsometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. The effect of carbon enrichment of a-Si1−xCx:H films and annealing atmosphere on the evolution of photoluminescence and local interatomic bonding structure in annealed material were studied and analyzed. It has been found that main effects of thermal treatments is strong enhancement of photoluminescence accompanied by formation of Si:C–Hn and Si–OxCy bonding. The strongest oxidation effect as well as strongest photoluminescence were observed in carbon-rich a-SiC:H films.
The role of common genetic variation in model polygenic and monogenic traits

2 Table of contents . 4 Acknowledgements . 6 Author’s declaration . 8 Chapter 1: Introduction . 9 The genetic architecture of common complex disease . 12 Finding susceptibility genes for common complex disease: past approaches . 15 The era of the genome-wide association study . 16 Recent findings in genome-wide association studies . 18 Height as a model polygenic trait . 23 What benefits can GWAS findings bring to clinical practice . 23 Conclusions . 26 Aims of the Thesis . 27 Chapter 2: Genome-wide association analysis identifies 20 loci that influence adult height . 33 Supplementary Information . 65 Chapter 3: Hundreds of variants influence human height and cluster within genomic loci and biological pathways . 94 Supplementary Information . 119 Chapter 4: Assessing the combined impact of 18 common genetic variants of modest effect sizes on type 2 diabetes risk . 216 Supplementary Information . 240 Chapter 5: Polygenic risk variants for type 2 diabetes susceptibility modify age at diagnosis in monogenic HNF1A diabetes . 247 Supplementary Information . 268 5 Chapter 6: Discussion And Conclusions . 273 Common variants have small effects and explain small proportion of the heritable component . 275 Insights into genetic architecture and biological mechanisms . 277 Disease prediction . 278 Future directions . 280 Conclusions . 283 Appendix I: List of Publications . 287
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Kpashimi Forest Reserve, Niger State, Nigeria

This study provides a preliminary assessment of the biophysical potential for carbon sequestration. Quantification of carbon stock and estimation of carbon sequestration potential was carried out in the Kpashimi Forest Reserve, Niger state, Nigeria. Carbon stock was measured in the six vegetation communities existing in the study area. Forty-eight randomly selected 20 x 20 metre quadrats were established wherein data was collected from the main forest carbon pools; including above ground tree, below ground root, undergrowth (shrub grasses), dead wood, litter and soil organic carbon. Biomass of the respective pools was quantified by destructive sampling and use of allometric equations. Thereafter, biomass values were converted to carbon stock equivalent. Four satellite imageries TM, SPOT, ETM+, and NIGERIASAT-1 of 1987, 1994, 2001 and 2007 respectively were used to estimate vegetation cover and carbon stock change over 20 years. The results showed that average carbon stock density (Mg C/ha) of the vegetation communities was in the decreasing order; Riparian forest (123.58 ± 9.1), Savanna woodland (97.71 ± 8.2), Degraded forest (62.92 ± 6.1), Scrubland (36.28 ± 4.1), Grassland (18.22 ± 5.1), and bare surface (9.31 ± 3.1). Deforestation and forest degradation between 1987 and 2007 have resulted in emission of 240.2 Mg (ton) C ha-1 at an annual rate of 12.01 Mg C ha-1. This suggests that the study site has carbon sequestration potential of 240.2 Mg C ha-1 based on its capacity to increase carbon stock through restoration; back to speculated 1987 levels and even higher. Thus, the study recommends the need to analyse carbon offset project feasibility in the study area.
Changes in Relative Material Deprivation in Regions of Slovakia and the Czech Republic

The aim of this article is to assess the level of relative material deprivation in the Czech and Slovak Republics and their regions. The first part of the article describes the level of households’ equipment with utilities and durables using the 1991 and 2001 censuses. The second part is aimed at estimating the relative material deprivation in the Czech and Slovak regions using EU SILC 2006–2008 microdata, i.e. approximately 15 years after the split. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the relative material deprivation rates between the Czech Republic and Slovakia and among their regions. According to the results, the level of deprivation is higher in Slovakia, and deprived households are highly concentrated in the eastern part of Slovakia. The regions can be divided into five clusters, while the Czech Capital Prague Region has a special position. It has the highest level of housing deprivation and the lowest level of durables/economic strain deprivation.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and Desalination: A Guide to Impacts, Monitoring and Management

Once harmful algal blooms (HABs) reach a desalination plant, they can cause significant operational issues and potential health concerns for consumers. These issues stem from two factors – first, the algal cells produce organic matter that can cause filter clogging and membrane fouling, and secondly, some cells produce toxic substances or taste and odor compounds. This chapter first explains the mechanisms for cellular release of organic matter, the types of matter that are produced, and the relative contribution of each type of matter to fouling mechanisms. It then describes the wide range of toxins that are produced by HABs, their mode of toxicity, and analytical methods for detecting them. While taste and odor compounds are non-toxic, they are included in this chapter as they can create customer perception issues and distrust in the water supply system.
Warming of SST in the cool wake of a moving hurricane

[1] Satellite imagery and in situ ocean data show that the cool anomaly of sea surface temperature in the wake of a moving hurricane will disappear over an e-folding time of 5 to 20 days. We have constructed a very simple, local model of the warming process by evaluating the heat budget of the surface layer. This requires (1) an estimate of the heat flux anomaly, δQ, that we presume is associated with the cool anomaly of sea surface temperature (SST), δQ = λδT, where δT is the SST anomaly and for nominal trade wind conditions, λ = −65 W m−2 C−1, and (2) the thickness, D, of the surface layer that absorbs this heat flux anomaly. Evidence from numerical simulations is that D is the trapping depth of the diurnal cycle, and from existing models we estimate D = c1τ/Qn1/2, where τ is the wind stress magnitude, Qn is the diurnal maximum (noon) heat flux and c1 is a product of known physical constants. The cool anomaly is then a decaying exponential, δT ∝ δT0exp(−t/Γ), where δT0 is the spatially dependent cooling amplitude, and the e-folding time is Γ = c2τ/λQn1/2, with c2 also known. This solution agrees reasonably well with the observed e-folding time of cooling in the wake of Hurricane Fabian (2003), approximately 5 days, and in the wake of Hurricane Frances (2004), very roughly 20 days. The latter e-folding time was greater (i.e., the normalized warming rate was slower) primarily because winds were fresher and secondarily because cloud cover was greater. It is notable that the e-folding time in this solution depends upon two properties of the surface heat flux, the slowly varying heat flux anomaly and the diurnal variation of the heat flux, here represented by the noon maximum, Qn.
International Scientific and Practical Conference " Electronics and Information Technologies " ( ELIT-2018 ) B-24 Structure and Thermal Stability of NiFe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles Functional Structures

The structure of monolayers of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles at their deposition by Langmuir-Blodgett methods and the method of dripping onto the substrate is shown. The high efficiency of obtaining homogeneous monolayers of nanoparticles is proved by using both methods. The effect of annealing on the structure and phase composition of the samples is shown.
Static near-horizon geometries in five dimensions

We consider the classification of static near-horizon geometries of stationary extremal (not necessarily BPS) black hole solutions of five-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory coupled to a Chern–Simons term with coupling ξ (with ξ = 1 corresponding to supergravity). Assuming that the black holes have two rotational symmetries, we show that their near-horizon geometries are either the direct product AdS3 × S2 or a warped product of AdS2 and compact 3D space. In the AdS2 case we are able to classify all possible near-horizon geometries with no magnetic fields. There are two such solutions: the direct product AdS2 × S3 as well as a warped product of AdS2 and an inhomogeneous S3. The latter solution turns out to be a near-horizon limit of an extremal Reissner–Nordström black hole in an external electric field. In the AdS2 case with magnetic fields, we reduce the problem (in all cases) to a single nonlinear ODE. We show that if there are any purely magnetic solutions of this kind, they must have S1 × S2 horizon topology, and for ξ2 < 1/4 we find examples of solutions with both electric and magnetic fields.