Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Results of Work Models Applied During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of this study is to investigate the individual effects and institutional reflections different organizational work models have in terms of employees and to contribute to the field of application and the related literature by explaining their results and effects on work life. The study is based on the phenomenological research design and focuses on the participants’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out using the interview method on a volunteer basis with 16 managers. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 and evaluated by collecting two main categorical themes and 13 sub-themes. The study observed negative aspects such as the ineffectiveness of face-to-face communication, prolonged communication times, experience transfer and socialization problems, and the intertwining of professional life and social life. Positive results were determined such as a reduction in time and money spent on commuting, work flexibility, having the opportunity to spare more time for oneself and family, and reduced office expenses. The following determinations were made: organizations offer different levels of employee support, practices have no standardization, the problems employees experience are preventable with sufficient organizational support, and legal regulations are needed. The results revealed deficiencies to be present in crisis management, the organizations to be unprepared for the crisis, and all organizations to need to review their processes regarding fringe benefits. The study has aimed to contribute to the literature by focusing on the results of the work models that have been applied during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Development of Embroidery-Type Pressure Sensor Dependent on Interdigitated Capacitive Method

Many studies have been conducted to develop electronic skin (e-skin) and flexible wearable textiles which transform into actual “skin”, using different approaches. Moreover, many reports have investigated self-healing materials, multifunctional sensors, etc. This study presents a systematic approach to embroidery pressure sensors dependent on interdigitated capacitors (IDCs), for applications surrounding intelligent wearable devices, robots, and e-skins. The method proposed a broad range of highly sensitive pressure sensors based on porous Ecoflex, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and interdigitated electrodes. Firstly, characterizations of ICDs embroidering on a cotton fabric using silver conductive thread are evaluated by a precision LCR meter throughout the frequency range from 1 kHz to 300 kHz. The effect of thread density on the performance of embroidered sensors is included. Secondly, the 16451B dielectric test fixture from Keysight is utilized to evaluate the composite samples’ dielectric constant accurately. The effect of frequency on sensor performance was evaluated to consider the influence of the dielectric constant as a function of the capacitance change. This study shows that the lower the frequency, the higher the sensitivity, but at the same time, it also leads to instability in the sensor’s operation. Thirdly, assessing the volume fraction of CNTs on composites’ properties is enclosed. The presence of volume portion CNTs upgrades the bond strength of composites and further develops sensor deformability. Finally, the presented sensor can accomplish excellent performance with an ultra-high sensitivity of 0.24 kPa−1 in low pressure (<25 kPa) as well as a wide detection range from 1 to 1000 kPa, which is appropriate for general tactile pressure rages. In order to achieve high sensor performance, factors such as density, frequency, fabric substrate, and the structure of the dielectric layer need to be carefully evaluated.
Homeschooling and Child Safety: Are Kids Safer at Home?

Safety remains a key concern for parents and education policy makers. Homeschooling opponents argue that child abusers use homeschooling to isolate and harm their children while public school teachers and administrators, as mandatory reporters, reduce child maltreatment. Supporters of homeschooling argue that public schools expose children to bullying from their peers and that some school employees also mistreat children. In the 1980s and 1990s, most states adopted legislation clarifying a legal path for homeschooling. I conduct two-way fixed effects and event study analyses of the effect of home- school rules on measures of child safety. Although most estimates are not statistically significant, some specifications find a statistically significant increase in child homicide rates in the years following homeschool legislation. Better understanding how a variety of educational options affect children’s safety continues to be a pressing aspect of education policy.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Composite Scaffold Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Equine Type I Collagen

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a novel composite biopolymer scaffold—based on equine type I collagen and hyaluronic acid—were described by using a reaction in heterogeneous phase. The resulting biomimetic structure was characterized in terms of chemical, physical, and cytotoxicity properties using human-derived lymphocytes and chondrocytes. Firstly, FT-IR data proved a successful reticulation of hyaluronic acid within collagen structure with the appearance of a new peak at a wavenumber of 1735 cm−1 associated with ester carbonyl stretch. TGA and DSC characterizations confirmed different thermal stability of cross-linked scaffolds while morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested the presence of a highly porous structure with open and interconnected void areas suitable for hosting cells. The enzymatic degradation profile confirmed scaffold higher endurance with collagenase as compared with collagen alone. However, it was particularly interesting that the mechanical behavior of the composite scaffold showed an excellent shape memory, especially when it was hydrated, with an improved Young’s modulus of 9.96 ± 0.53 kPa (p ≤ 0.001) as well as a maximum load at 97.36 ± 3.58 kPa compared to the simple collagen scaffold that had a modulus of 1.57 ± 0.08 kPa and a maximum load of 36.91 ± 0.24 kPa. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity confirmed good product safety with human lymphocytes (viability of 81.92 ± 1.9 and 76.37 ± 1.2 after 24 and 48 h, respectively), whereas excellent gene expression profiles of chondrocytes with a significant upregulation of SOX9 and ACAN after 10 days of culture indicated our scaffold’s ability of preserving chondrogenic phenotype. The described material could be considered a potential tool to be implanted in patients with cartilage defects.
ChainSketch: An Efficient and Accurate Sketch for Heavy Flow Detection

Identifying heavy flows is essential for network management. However, it is challenging to detect heavy flow quickly and accurately under the highly dynamic traffic and rapid growth of network capacity. Existing heavy flow detection schemes can make a trade-off in efficiency, accuracy and speed. However, these schemes still require memory large enough to obtain acceptable performance. To address this issue, we propose ChainSketch, which has the advantages of good memory efficiency, high accuracy and fast detection. Specifically, ChainSketch uses the selective replacement strategy to mitigate the over-estimation issue. Meanwhile, ChainSketch utilizes the hash chain and compact structure to improve memory efficiency. We implement the ChainSketch on OVS platform, P4-based testbed and large-scale simulations to process heavy hitter and heavy changer detection. The results of trace-driven tests show that, ChainSketch greatly improves the F1-score by up to $3.43\times $ compared with the state-of-the-art solutions especially for small memory.
Characterisation and Modelling of Bulk CMOS Transistors over the 5 – 300 K Temperature Range

With the increasing interest in MOSFET device operation in extremely cold environments, circuit designs for low temperature applications have attracted recent attention. Device characterisation and modelling are crucial steps in circuit designs, and an appropriate approach for transistor characterisation at cryogenic temperatures is required to provide insight into transistor behaviour, and to develop reliable models for circuit simulations over the required operating temperatures. This work presents a detailed study of bulk CMOS transistors behaviour from room temperature down to 5 K. A new approach to extract intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of bulk CMOS over a wide range of temperature is proposed. Extracted MOSFET parameters reveal changing characteristics over the examined temperatures. Transistor characteristics are modelled based on physical properties of device and empirical results. We proposed an enhanced MOSFET threshold model, based on a simplified Fermi potential and a field-assisted ionisation, derived from physics and experimental data. Our model predicts the threshold voltage better than the conventional model, especially at low temperatures. An adapted carrier mobility model derived from a conventional model is experimentally verified. We developed a Verilog-A SPICE model based on our model and extraction results. The SPICE model can be incorporated into Cadence Spectre simulator for circuit simulations at low temperatures. Our SPICE model can replicate the I-V characteristics of the bulk CMOS over a wide temperature range. The matching of transistors is one of the most important aspects of high performance integrated circuit design. We reveal, for the first time, the matching properties of MOSFETs and its parameters over the 5-300 K temperature range. We introduce a new formula to calculate the current matching in bulk CMOS devices based on the threshold voltage, mobility and series resistance. The proposed formula obtained better v results compared to the existing formula at low temperatures. The effects of device geometry effects on MOSFET parameter matching and current matching is also exposed. Matching results from PMOS and NMOS devices provide a view of device parameter variations from room temperature down to 5 K.
Characterizing Ride-Hailing Driver Attrition and Supply in the City of Chicago Through the COVID-19 Pandemic

The flexible nature of on-demand ride services provided by transportation network companies (TNC) has resulted in unique supply-side challenges as the industry deals with the COVID-19 pandemic. Early during the pandemic, there was a 70% decrease in the number of drivers accepting trips on TNC platforms, as individual drivers chose to reduce their risk of viral infection and abide by social distancing recommendations. Given the two-sided market nature of TNCs, the decrease was also the effect of reduced rider demand creating a less desirable driver experience. This paper characterizes and quantifies this change in supply as it relates to driver residency, tenure, attrition, and the number of trips provided. The distribution of drivers accepting trips shifted slightly toward the lower income and higher minority areas of Chicago. Using survival analysis methods, we find that retention among drivers who started in the early months of the pandemic was significantly lower than in reference years, after six months of driving. The results of the negative binomial regression show that drivers on a single TNC platform provided 20% less trips than drivers on multiple platforms. This difference increases to 30% during the pandemic. Additionally, new drivers joined multiple apps during COVID-19, likely to serve more trips and secure higher income. The results of this paper can be used to understand and target driver retention to accelerate the recovery of the TNC industry.
Effectiveness of School Resources Management in Improving The Quality of Education

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of school resource management in improving the quality of education. The quality of education includes a description of the ability of education in schools in accordance with the standards and objectives to be achieved. This study uses a descriptive type of research and a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the quality of education is the ability of the education system to increase the added value of input factors in order to produce quality outputs. Implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) requires the involvement of all resources who have the ability to empower to be empowered by schools on an ongoing basis by applying an integrated problem-solving approach to management.
Is bullying by peers in youth related to sexual depression in adulthood? A mediation model of shame, social anxiety, and body satisfaction

<p>Abstract:</p><p>This study examined whether being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence was associated with sexual depression in adulthood, and whether this relationship was mediated by shame, social anxiety and body dissatisfaction, and moderated by gender. A large sample of adults (<i>N</i> = 1210, <i>M age</i> = 27.07 years, <i>SD</i> = 7.87, 44.8% cisgender men, 47.9% cisgender women, 7.3% other genders) completed an online questionnaire on various sexual and life experiences. Linear regression of sexual depression on bullying incidence was statistically signif cant (<i>β</i> = .08, <i>p</i> = .001), as was our moderated mediation model (<i>R2</i> = .42, <i>F(21, 1188)</i> = 40.15, <i>p</i> < . 001). Bullying was positively associated with shame (<i>B</i> = .09, <i>p</i> < .001) and social anxiety (<i>B</i> = .06, <i>p</i> < .001), and negatively associated with body satisfaction (<i>B</i> = −.06, <i>p</i> < .001). Furthermore, shame (<i>B</i> = .35, <i>p</i> < .001), social anxiety (<i>B</i> = .15, <i>p</i> = .011) and lower body satisfaction (<i>B</i> = −.25, <i>p</i> < .001) were positively associated with sexual depression. Shame was more strongly associated with sexual depression for cisgender men (<i>B</i> = .03, 95% CI = [.02, .05]) than for cisgender women (<i>B</i> = .01, 95% CI = [.00, .02]). Altogether, shame, social anxiety, and low body satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between bullying incidence in youth and sexual depression in adulthood. Implications for strengthening anti-bullying measures in schools and for promoting sexual well-being are discussed. </p>
The impact of INGO ties on flows of aid for women’s health in the developing world

Recent literature on international development aid has emphasized the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in determining who receives international development assistance. However, few analyses have investigated the specific sectors of international aid and the influence of INGOs by INGO type. Using panel data from 94 countries from 1996 to 2015, this study tests the effects of general INGOs, women’s international non-governmental organizations (WINGOs), and health international non-governmental organizations (HINGOs) on the flows of aid for women’s reproductive health, family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control/HIV/AIDS. The results show that general INGOs, WINGOs, and HINGOs are an important source of women’s health aid. However, the effects of these organizations are conditioned by recipients’ levels of political and economic development. These findings provide supporting evidence for the idea that INGO ties are important in women’s health aid, but also suggest that the size and significance of INGO effects should be considered cautiously.
Temsirolimus Enhances Anti-Cancer Immunity by Inducing Autophagy-Mediated Degradation of the Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicle PD-L1

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint blockade therapies (ICBT) have increasing importance in patient survival and prognosis because it enhances immune cell activation by inhibiting the binding of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) of tumor and programmed death-1 (PD-1) of T cells. However, tumor-derived small extracellular vesicle (sEV) PD-L1 trigger low reactivity in immunotherapy because it promotes tumor growth and metastasis and inhibits activation of immune cell. In this study, temsirolimus (TEM) which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved as a targeted anti-cancer drug, inhibited tumor-derived sEV PD-L1 secretion by activating autophagy. In addition, TEM induced systemic anti-cancer immunity by increasing the number and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, TEM showed that the anti-cancer effect was better in the breast cancer-bearing-immunocompetent mice than in the nude mice. In summary, we suggest that TEM can overcome sEV PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression in patients with cancer through activation of the immune system in the body by inhibiting tumor-derived sEV PD-L1. Abstract Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicle (sEV) programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) contributes to the low reactivity of cells to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT), because sEV PD-L1 binds to programmed death 1 (PD-1) in immune cells. However, there are no commercially available anti-cancer drugs that activate immune cells by inhibiting tumor-derived sEV PD-L1 secretion and cellular PD-L1. Here, we aimed to investigate if temsirolimus (TEM) inhibits both sEV PD-L1 and cellular PD-L1 levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. In cancer cell autophagy activated by TEM, multivesicular bodies (MVBs) associated with the secretion of sEV are degraded through colocalization with autophagosomes or lysosomes. TEM promotes CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity in co-cultures of CD8+ T cells and tumor cells. Furthermore, the combination therapy of TEM and anti-PD-L1 antibodies enhanced anti-cancer immunity by increasing both the number and activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor and draining lymph nodes (DLNs) of breast cancer-bearing immunocompetent mice. In contrast, the anti-cancer effect of the combination therapy with TEM and anti-PD-L1 antibodies was reversed by the injection of exogenous sEV PD-L1. These findings suggest that TEM, previously known as a targeted anti-cancer drug, can overcome the low reactivity of ICBT by inhibiting sEV PD-L1 and cellular PD-L1 levels.
A New Design Approach for a Compact Microstrip Diplexer with Good Passband Characteristics

This paper presents an efficient theoretical design approach of a very compact microstrip diplexer for modern wireless communication system applications. The proposed basic resonator is made of coupled lines, simple transmission line and a shunt stub. The coupled lines and transmission line make a U-shape resonator while the shunt stub is loaded inside the U-shape cell to save the size significantly, where the overall size of the presented diplexer is only 0.008 λg2 . The configuration of this resonator is analyzed to increase intuitive understanding of the structure and easier optimization. The first and second resonance frequencies are f o1 = 895 MHz and f o2 = 2.2 GHz. Both channels have good properties so that the best simulated insertion loss at the first channel (0.075 dB) and the best simulated common port return losses at both channels (40.3 dB and 31.77 dB) are achieved. The presented diplexer can suppress the harmonics acceptably up to 3 GHz (3.3 fo1 ). Another feature is having 31% fractional bandwidth at the first channel.
Sensitivity analysis of the SMARTER and MOORA methods in decision making of achieving students

Evaluation of student learning in Islamic boarding schools is still limited to the results of exams conducted in writing which can lead to the determination of student achievement using simple criteria, resulting in less than optimal results. In addition, the importance of selecting criteria to suit the learning characteristics of the Islamic boarding school students. The purpose of this study is to assist the process of evaluating student learning based on the value of the criteria, sub-criteria, and priorities. The method used is Rank Order Centroid in assigning weight values ​​to the criteria applied to the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks (SMARTER) and Multi-Objective Optimization By Ratio Analysis (MOORA) methods. This study produces the same alternative value in the first rank. To calculate the accuracy is done by using sensitivity analysis according to the results of preference values ​​in each method. Based on the sensitivity analysis shows that in the first sensitivity calculation the lowest value is obtained. The sensitivity value of the SMARTER method on the first sensitivity is 0.0714. While the first sensitivity value of the MOORA method is 0.0076. So the best method is owned by the MOORA method because it has the lowest sensitivity value.
LRRK2 Inhibition by PF06447475 Antagonist Modulates Early Neuronal Damage after Spinal Cord Trauma

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event followed by neurodegeneration, activation of the inflammatory cascade, and immune system. The leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), moreover, its kinase activity was found to be upregulated after instigated inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we aimed to investigate the PF06447475 (abbreviated as PF-475) role as a pharmacological LRRK2 antagonist by counteracting pathological consequences of spinal cord trauma. The in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord, then mice were treated with PF0-475 (2.5–5 and 10 mg/kg i.p) 1 and 6 h after SCI. We found that PF-475 treatments at the higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) showed a great ability to significantly reduce the degree of spinal cord tissue injury, glycogen accumulation, and demyelination of neurons associated with trauma. Furthermore, oxidative stress and cytokines expression levels, including interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and 12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), secreted and released after trauma were decreased by LRRK2 antagonist treatments. Our results suggest that the correlations between LRRK2 and inflammation of the CNS exist and that LRRK2 activity targeting could have direct effects on the intervention of neuroinflammatory disorders.
Chasing Unknown Bandits: Uncertainty Guidance in Learning and Decision Making

In repeated decision problems for which it is possible to learn from experience, people should actively seek out uncertain options, rather than avoid ambiguity or uncertainty, in order to learn and improve future decisions. Research on human behavior in a variety of multiarmed-bandit tasks supports this prediction. Multiarmed-bandit tasks involve repeated decisions between options with initially unknown reward distributions and require a careful balance between learning about relatively unknown options (exploration) and obtaining high immediate rewards (exploitation). Resolving this exploration-exploitation dilemma optimally requires considering not only the estimated value of each option, but also the uncertainty in these estimations. Bayesian learning naturally quantifies uncertainty and hence provides a principled framework to study how humans resolve this dilemma. On the basis of computational modeling and behavioral results in bandit tasks, I argue that human learning, attention, and exploration are guided by uncertainty. These results support Bayesian theories of cognition and underpin the fundamental role of subjective uncertainty in both learning and decision making.