Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early outcomes of novel Temren atherectomy device combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty for treatment of femoropopliteal lesions

Objectives In this study, perioperative properties and early outcomes of patients who underwent combined Temren rotational atherectomy (RA) and drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty treatment for complex femoropopliteal lesions in a single center were reported. Methods Between June 2019 and February 2020, 40 patients who underwent combined Temren RA and DCB treatment due to critical lower limb ischemia or claudication-limiting daily living activities were retrospectively evaluated. Results The mean age of patients was 73.2 ± 7.8 years and the majority of the patients were male (65%). Of the patients, 17 had critical limb ischemia and 23 had lifestyle-limiting claudication. Pathologies were total occlusion in 33 limbs and critical stenosis in seven limbs. Nine patients previously underwent endovascular intervention or surgery. The mean total occlusion length was 140.9 ± 100.9 (range, 20–360) mm in patients with chronic total occlusion. There was an additional iliac artery pathology in 5 and below the knee pathology in 8 patients. Rotational atherectomy was possible in all cases. Flow-limiting dissection was seen in six patients (15%). Provisional stent was performed to these patients. Following Temren RA, all patients underwent DCB. Adequate vascular lumen (less than 30% stenosis) was provided in all patients and the symptoms regressed. No distal embolization was encountered. Access site complications (17.5%) were small hematoma in four patients, ecchymosis in two patients, and pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery in one patient. The mean follow-up was 13.55 ± 4.2 (range, 1–18) months. Re-occlusion was seen in three patients (7.5%) (n = 2 at 2 months and n = 1 at 4 months). Of these patients, two had required open revascularization via femoropopliteal bypass graft with common, superficial femoral, and popliteal artery endarterectomy and one had required femoro-posterior tibial artery bypass. Four minor toe amputations (10%) were performed to reach complete wound healing in the critical limb ischemia patients. A below-knee amputation was performed in a 94-year-old patient with long segment stenosis at the end of a 1-month follow-up period. There was no mortality after follow-ups. The Kaplan–Meier estimator estimated the rate of freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) which was 92.3%. The decrease in the Rutherford levels after the procedure was found to be statistically significant in 36 patients (p < 0.001). The increase in the ankle–brachial index after the procedure was found to be statistically significant in 36 patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions Combined use of Temren RA with adjunctive DCB is safe and effective method with high rates of primary patency and freedom from TLR and low rates of complication in the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions.
Early Attention to Animacy: Change-Detection in 11-Month-Olds

Adults are faster and more accurate at detecting changes to animate compared to inanimate stimuli in a change-detection paradigm. We tested whether 11-month-old children detected changes to animate objects in an image more reliably than they detected changes to inanimate objects. During each trial, infants were habituated to an image of a natural scene. Once the infant habituated, the scene was replaced by a scene that was identical except that a target object was removed. Infants dishabituated significantly more often if an animate target had been removed from the scene. Dishabituation results suggested that infants, like adults, preferentially attend to animate rather than to inanimate objects.
Neural architecture search of echocardiography view classifiers

Abstract. Purpose: Echocardiography is the most commonly used modality for assessing the heart in clinical practice. In an echocardiographic exam, an ultrasound probe samples the heart from different orientations and positions, thereby creating different viewpoints for assessing the cardiac function. The determination of the probe viewpoint forms an essential step in automatic echocardiographic image analysis. Approach: In this study, convolutional neural networks are used for the automated identification of 14 different anatomical echocardiographic views (larger than any previous study) in a dataset of 8732 videos acquired from 374 patients. Differentiable architecture search approach was utilized to design small neural network architectures for rapid inference while maintaining high accuracy. The impact of the image quality and resolution, size of the training dataset, and number of echocardiographic view classes on the efficacy of the models were also investigated. Results: In contrast to the deeper classification architectures, the proposed models had significantly lower number of trainable parameters (up to 99.9% reduction), achieved comparable classification performance (accuracy 88.4% to 96%, precision 87.8% to 95.2%, recall 87.1% to 95.1%) and real-time performance with inference time per image of 3.6 to 12.6 ms. Conclusion: Compared with the standard classification neural network architectures, the proposed models are faster and achieve comparable classification performance. They also require less training data. Such models can be used for real-time detection of the standard views.
Impact of gestational age on risk of cerebral palsy: unravelling the role of neonatal morbidity.

BACKGROUND The contribution of adverse consequences of preterm birth to gestational-age-related risk of cerebral palsy (CP) has rarely been studied. We aimed to assess the potential mediating roles of neonatal morbidity on the association between gestational age and risk of CP. METHODS In this Swedish population-based study, 1 402 240 singletons born at 22-40 gestational weeks during 1998-2016 were followed from day 28 after birth for a CP diagnosis until 2017. Potential mediators included asphyxia, respiratory-related, infection-/inflammatory-related and neurological-related diseases within 0-27 days of life. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Causal mediation analysis was performed to estimate the proportion of the association mediated through pathways involving the four sequential mediators. RESULTS We found an inverse dose-response relationship between gestational age and risk of CP, where the strongest association was observed for 22-24 weeks (HR 47.26, 95% CI 34.09-65.53) vs 39-40 weeks. Compared with non-diseased peers, children with neonatal morbidity, particularly those with neurological-related diseases (HR 31.34, 95% CI 26.39-37.21), had a higher risk of CP. The increased risk of CP was, at 24 weeks, almost entirely explained by neonatal morbidity (91.7%); this proportion decreased to 46.1% and 16.4% at 32 and 36 weeks, respectively. Asphyxia was the main mediating pathway from 22 to 34 weeks, and neurological-related neonatal diseases led the mediating pathways from 34 weeks onwards. CONCLUSION Neonatal morbidity mediates a large proportion of the effect of preterm birth on CP, but the magnitude declines as gestational age increases.
Theory-of-mind abilities in older patients with common mental disorders – a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives Theory-of-mind (ToM) abilities are a basic competence for social interactions and relationships. Numerous findings demonstrate ToM deficits in old age, but such findings are missing in clinical samples of older adults. Method In the present study, patients treated in two clinics for common mental disorders (N = 150, distributed among the age groups 40–54, 55–69 and ≥70) were compared with a sample of people of the same age without mental disorders. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) was used, in which the task is to detect mental states in the eyes, which are presented in 36 pictures. Results The two groups differed significantly from each other: the clinical samples achieved worse results than the nonclinical samples, and the older samples achieved worse results than the younger samples. In the multiple regression analysis significant beta-weights were found for executive functions, physical diseases (especially vascular diseases, in the clinical sample) and higher education. Conclusion Older patients show clinically significant deficits in ToM abilities, which should be taken into account in interventions promoting ToM abilities.
Accurate Prediction of Total PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) From Free PlGF and sFlt-1 (Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1): Evidence for Markedly Elevated PlGF Levels in Women With Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is characterized by elevated circulating sFlt-1 (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), although the free circulating levels of its ligand, PlGF (placental growth factor) are not decreased. Here, we hypothesized that women with AFLP exhibit elevated PlGF production in comparison to women with preeclampsia or hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count syndrome. Making use of the well-known mathematical formulas describing drug-receptor interactions, we established that serum total PlGF could be accurately predicted from sFlt-1 and free PlGF levels (n=42; mean calculated KD of 50 pmol/L), yielding similar values as the previously published method of thermal dissociation of the sFlt-1-PlGF complexes (r=0.94, P<0.0001). We found that median levels of free PlGF were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia (n=13; 117pg/mL) or hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count syndrome (n=12; 59 pg/mL) compared with women without preeclampsia (n=11; 349pg/mL, P<0.0001). In contrast, median total PlGF did not differ between women with no preeclampsia, preeclampsia, and hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count syndrome (354 versus 435 versus 344pg/mL), whereas it was markedly elevated in AFLP compared with all groups (2054 pg/mL, P<0.0001). Furthermore, in AFLP, both sFlt-1 and total PlGF declined rapidly postdelivery, with significantly higher predelivery total PlGF (n=12; median, 2054 pg/mL) than postpartum levels (n=14; median, 163pg/mL, P<0.0001), suggesting that in AFLP, PlGF is largely placenta-derived. Collectively, our findings indicate that like sFlt-1, PlGF production is significantly upregulated in AFLP, mainly originating from the placenta. Importantly, total PlGF can now be easily calculated from already available free PlGF and sFlt-1 levels, allowing subsequent evaluation of other groups in whom PlGF is altered.
Assessing conditional causal effect via characteristic score

Observational studies usually include participants representing the wide heterogeneous population. The conditional causal effect, treatment effect conditional on baseline characteristics, is of practical importance. Its estimation is subject to two challenges. First, the causal effect is not observable in any individual due to counterfactuality. Second, high‐dimensional baseline variables are involved to satisfy the ignorable treatment selection assumption and to attain better estimation efficiency. In this work, a nonparametric estimation procedure, along with a pseudo‐response, is proposed to estimate the conditional treatment effect through “characteristic score”—a parsimonious representation of baseline variable influence on treatment benefit. Adopting sparse dimension reduction with variable prescreening in the proposed estimation, we aim to identify the key baseline variables that impact the conditional treatment effect and to uncover the characteristic score that best predicts the treatment effect. This approach is applied to an HIV study for assessing the benefit of antiretroviral regimens and identifying the beneficiary subpopulation.
BAG3 is a negative regulator of ciliogenesis in glioblastoma and triple‐negative breast cancer cells

By regulating several hallmarks of cancer, BAG3 exerts oncogenic functions in a wide variety of malignant diseases including glioblastoma (GBM) and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here we performed global proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated isogenic BAG3 knockouts of the two GBM lines U343 and U251 in comparison to parental controls. Depletion of BAG3 evoked major effects on proteins involved in ciliogenesis/ciliary function and the activity of the related kinases aurora‐kinase A and CDK1. Cilia formation was significantly enhanced in BAG3 KO cells, a finding that could be confirmed in BAG3‐deficient versus ‐proficient BT‐549 TNBC cells, thus identifying a completely novel function of BAG3 as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that enhanced ciliogenesis and reduced expression of SNAI1 and ZEB1, two key transcription factors regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are correlated to decreased cell migration, both in the GBM and TNBC BAG3 knockout cells. Our data obtained in two different tumor entities identify suppression of EMT and ciliogenesis as putative synergizing mechanisms of BAG3‐driven tumor aggressiveness in therapy‐resistant cancers.
Mid upper arm circumference as an alternative measure to assess the nutritional status of adolescents: a study in India based on NFHS-4 data.

Use of body mass index (BMI) to assess the nutritional status of adolescents requires many resources, especially for country-level assessment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) among adolescent males and females in India and to examine whether MUAC effectively represents the nutritional status of adolescents. The study utilized anthropometric measurement data collected by India's National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16). The weighted sample for analysis included 91,315 female and 14,893 male adolescents. The BMI and MUAC measurements showed a positive correlation in both female and male adolescents. Using BMI-for-age Z-score classifications, 12.7% of the adolescents were undernourished. Using MUAC (in cm) as per NACS (Nutrition Assessment, Counselling, and Support) guidelines and Mramba et al. (2017) classified 22.9% and 3.7% of the adolescents as undernourished respectively. Finally, using the MUAC-for-age Z-score classification, 98.4% of adolescents were determined to be normal and 1.7% undernourished. Sensitivity and specificity tests of the MUAC cut-offs, in comparison with BMI cut-offs, showed that all three MUAC cut-off classifications had high specificity (NACS cut-off: 81.3%; Mramba et al. cut-off (cm): 97.7%; Mramba et al. cut-off (Z-score): 99.1%). The NACS cut-off had moderately high sensitivity (52.2%) but the Mramba et al. cut-offs had low sensitivity (13.3% for the centimetre cut-off and 6.6% for the Z-score cut-off). Sensitivity and specificity tests proved the relationship between BMI and MUAC, and that MUAC represents adolescent nutritional status with considerable efficiency. With further research, it may be established that MUAC is a better and promising measure of adolescent nutrition, having the advantage of needing fewer resources for data collection. The MUAC has the potential to offer a simple and low-resource alternative to BMI to assess nutritional status among adolescents in poor countries.
Adherence to Recommended Eating Patterns Is Associated With Lower Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The potential role of nutritional factors in the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains poorly understood. We evaluated multiple recommended eating patterns as reflected by predefined diet quality indices in relation to long-term risk of PAD. We included 138 506 US postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative who had no known PAD at baseline (1993–1998). Four diet quality indices, including alternate Mediterranean diet index, alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet index, and Healthy Eating Index-2015, were derived using dietary information collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of symptomatic PAD in the lower extremities were ascertained and adjudicated through March 2019 via medical record review. During a median 18.6 years of follow-up, 1036 incident PAD cases were identified. After multivariable adjustment, all diet quality scores were significantly and inversely associated with 21% (for alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010) to 34% (for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension index) lower risk of PAD when comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles (all P-for-trend values ≤0.010). Among contributing food groups and nutrients, intakes of legumes, dietary fiber, and vegetable protein were associated lower risk of PAD, while intakes of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and regular soft drinks were associated with higher risk. In a broad sample of US postmenopausal women, adhering to different recommended eating patterns is associated with lower risk of PAD. Our findings suggest that current clinical and public health strategies that recommend healthful eating patterns may also be applicable to PAD prevention.
Transport Behavior of Multimetallic Ultradispersed Nanoparticles in an Oil-Sands-Packed Bed Column at a High Temperature and Pressure

Water-in-vacuum gas oil microemulsion containing ultradispersed multimetallic colloidal nanoparticles can facilitate in situ delivery of nanoparticles into a heavy oil reservoir. This study investigated the transport of multimetallic nanoparticles (W, Ni, and Mo) of potential catalytic value suspended in vacuum gas oil using different oil-sands-packed bed column breakthrough experiments at a typical pressure and temperature of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) recovery process. The nanoparticles (34 ± 0.5 nm) were transported into two different permeability oil sands. Experiments were performed at a pressure of 3.5 MPa, residence time of 36 h, and temperatures from 300 to 320 °C in both low- and high-permeability-oil-sands-packed beds. At full breakthrough, a constant normalized concentration plateau was achieved, ranging from 0.50 for low-permeability oil sands to 0.60 for high-permeability oil sands. Deposition and transport of nanoparticles were strongly dependent upon their metallic type, tem.
Evaluation of Synovitis of Hand in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Diffusion Kurtosis Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Initial Findings

Objective To explore the role of diffusion kurtosis magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the noninvasive identification of synovitis in hand arthritis. Methods A total of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 10 patients suspected of RA were enrolled in the prospective study. A 3.0-T MR imaging including the diffusion kurtosis MR imaging sequence (b = 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 s·mm2) was performed. A total of 210 regions of interest were confirmed and diffusion kurtosis MR imaging parameters were generated. The suspected synovitis or effusion was scored on a scale of 0 (effusion) to 3 (mild, moderate, severe synovitis), according to RA-MR imaging scoring system. The performance of diffusion kurtosis MR imaging parameters (the apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], diffusion coefficient [D], and kurtosis [K]) in distinguishing different synovitis scores was evaluated. Results There were significant differences in ADC, D, and K values among different synovitis scores (all P < 0.001). Synovitis scores were negatively correlated with the ADC and D values significantly (r = −0.725, −0.757, respectively, all P < 0.001), but positively correlated with the K values significantly (r = 0.429, P < 0.001). The area under the curve values of D, ADC, and K values were 0.884, 0.874, and 0.728 for differentiating score 1–3 from score 0, respectively. Diffusion coefficient and ADC had similar diagnostic performance, and both were higher than K in detecting synovitis. No significant difference was found between the ADC and D values in detecting synovitis. Conclusions The diffusion kurtosis MR imaging may be feasible as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis and grading of synovitis in the hands of RA patients, and the D and ADC values showed similar diagnostic performance, both of which were higher than K values.
Autologous Fat Grafting as a Stand-alone Method for Immediate Breast Reconstruction After Radical Mastectomy in a Series of 15 Patients

Objective To date, breast reconstruction after mastectomy essentially uses flap- or prosthetic-based surgery. Autologous fat grafting (AFT) largely used in breast conservative surgery is considered an additional technique in breast reconstruction. The aim of this retrospective study was to report our experience of AFT as a stand-alone method for immediate breast reconstruction. Patients and Methods Fifteen patients requiring a radical mastectomy underwent AFT for immediate reconstruction since 2014. Previous breast irradiation was not a contraindication. Procedures, complications, and cosmetic results were retrospectively analyzed. Results Fifteen patients with an average age of 60.5 (43–78) years were included in this retrospective study. They had a body mass index ranging from 19 to 40. Fourteen had a mastectomy for cancer and 1 for prophylaxis. Nine received breast irradiation (7 before surgery and 2 adjuvant). A mean of 3 (2–6) AFT procedures were required to achieve total breast reconstruction. Except for the first transfer, others were performed as outpatient surgeries. Only 2 minor complications (1 hematoma and 1 abscess) not impairing results were reported. The results after a mean follow-up of 26 months were considered by the patients and surgeon as highly satisfactory even in previously irradiated breast, as assessed using a qualitative scoring analysis. Conclusions Autologous fat grafting as a stand-alone method for immediate breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy is a safe procedure with very consistent results even for patients requiring radiation therapy.
Optimization of Model Training Based on Iterative Minimum Covariance Determinant In Motor-Imagery BCI

The common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm is one of the most frequently used and effective spatial filtering methods for extracting relevant features for use in motor imagery brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs). However, the inherent defect of the traditional CSP algorithm is that it is highly sensitive to potential outliers, which adversely affects its performance in practical applications. In this work, we propose a novel feature optimization and outlier detection method for the CSP algorithm. Specifically, we use the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) to detect and remove outliers in the dataset, then we use the Fisher score to evaluate and select features. In addition, in order to prevent the emergence of new outliers, we propose an iterative minimum covariance determinant (IMCD) algorithm. We evaluate our proposed algorithm in terms of iteration times, classification accuracy and feature distribution using two BCI competition datasets. The experimental results show that the average classification performance of our proposed method is 12% and 22.9% higher than that of the traditional CSP method in two datasets ([Formula: see text]), and our proposed method obtains better performance in comparison with other competing methods. The results show that our method improves the performance of MI-BCI systems.