Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher-Order Information Measures from Cumulative Densities in Continuous Variable Quantum Systems

A definition of three-variable cumulative residual entropy is introduced, and then used to obtain expressions for higher order or triple-wise correlation measures, that are based on cumulative residual densities. These information measures are calculated in continuous variable quantum systems comprised of three oscillators, and their behaviour compared to the analogous measures from Shannon information theory. There is an overall consistency in the behaviour of the newly introduced measures as compared to the Shannon ones. There are, however, differences in interpretation, in the case of three uncoupled oscillators, where the correlation is due to wave function symmetry. In interacting systems, the cumulative based measures are shown in order to detect salient features, which are also present in the Shannon based ones.
A solution to a fractional order semilinear equation using variational method

We will discuss how we obtain a solution to a semilinear pseudo-differential equation involving fractional power of laplacian by using a method analogous to the direct method of calculus of variations. More precisely, we will discuss the existence of a minimizer of a suitable energy type functional whose Euler-Lagrange equation is the given semilinear pseudo-differential equation, and also discuss the regularity of such a minimizer so that it will be a solution to the semilinear equation.
Determination of Hydrogen Gas Emitted from Coal by Gas Chromatography and its Significance

Methane in coal mine gas is the research focus about the prevention of gas hazard and the development and utilization of coal bed methane. There have been more researches on heavy hydrocarbon in coal mine gas and a consensus has been formed about heavy hydrocarbon. Compared with methane and heavy hydrocarbon in coal mine gas, the research on hydrogen in coal mine gas is few and just unfolding. In this paper, 1097 gas samples are prepared based on 1097 coal samples. And, the hydrogen in gas samples is tested by Gas Chromatography. The research reveals that: the hydrogen contents in all gas samples can be detected, and the maximum value of hydrogen is 4.8% while the mean value is 0.645%, so the presence of hydrogen in gas is universal. 2 contents of hydrogen exceed 4%, 47 contents are between 2%-4% and 206 contents are between 1%-2%, thus, the content of hydrogen in gas is roughly the same with the content of heavy hydrocarbon in gas. It is suggested that: more attentions should be given to the hydrogen in gas to be an important index of coal and gas outburst and to be an important index of gas explosion, safety of coal storage and transportation.
An Economic Analysis of Public Choice: Theoretical Methodological Interconnections

Public choice theory is an established part of general economic theory. It emerged as an offshoot of the mainstream in the 1940s and deals with applying economic methods to political analysis and decision making within political institutions. Today, the public choice approach is being used successfully in a wide spectrum of social sciences, as well as in politics at the macro- and international levels. At the theoretical level, we feel that public choice theory is of wide importance relating to the change in definition of its traditional place in economic theory. Approximately, this change began to occur during the 1980s, and it documents an interpretative shift from public choice theory being a relatively independent economic discipline to a discipline that is presented as an immanent part of the new political economy, a newly created school of opinion. This paper’s goal is to analyze and discuss the paradigmatic, historically conditioned theoretical-methodological concept of public choice by using research into the literature. Concurrently, our ambition is also to define key points of overlap that link public choice theory to the economic mainstream (neoclassical economics) on one hand and the new political economy on the other. We have developed the conclusions of this analysis and intellectual comparison into a wider discussion of public choice theory’s significance and its role in the formative process of economic theory’s development and future trajectory.
Bearing Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network

As one of the important parts of modern mechanical equipment, the accurate real-time diagnosis of rolling bearing is particularly important. Traditional fault diagnosis methods have some disadvantages, such as low diagnostic accuracy and difficult fault feature extraction. In this paper, a method combining Wavelet transform (WT) and Deformable Convolutional Neural Network (D-CNN) is proposed to realize accurate real-time fault diagnosis of end-to-end rolling bearing. The vibration signal of rolling bearing is taken as the monitoring target. Firstly, the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm is used to remove the harmonic signal and retain the impact signal and noise. Secondly, the time-frequency map of the signal is obtained by time-frequency transform using Wavelet analysis. Finally, the D-CNN is used for feature extraction and classification. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method can reach 99.9% under various fault modes, and it can accurately identify the fault of rolling bearing.
Platinum complex catalyzed reductive N-acylation of nitro compounds

Les nitroarenes et nitro-1alcanes reagissent avec l'acide acetique en presence de PtCl 2 (P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ) combine au tetrachlorostannane (ou a d'autres acides de Lewis) pour donner les N-alkyl et N-aryl acetamides
Honey pollen spectra of two species of stingless bee (Apidae: Meliponini) in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to identify the pollen types present in the honey of Melipona fasciculata and Melipona subnitida in a Restinga area (plant communities under a marine influence) and identify pollen grains that belonged to plants with nectar resouces. In total, 56 pollen types were found in the honey samples of the two bee species studied, with a large number of representatives from the Fabaceae and Myrtaceae families. Melipona subnitida honey had higher pollen richness, diversity and evenness than M. fasciculata honey. Many of the pollen types identified in the samples were considered nectarless, but 28 types belonged to plants that produce nectar. The main nectar-producing specie found was Humiria balsamifera, particularly in M. fasciculata honey. Other important sources of nectar were Chrysobalanus icaco, Protium heptaphyllum and Coccoloba. Our results are vital for conservation and management programmes because the maintenance of social bee populations depends upon constant resource collection.
Optimization of UA-DLLME by experimental design methodologies for the simultaneous determination of endosulfan and its metabolites in soil and urine samples by GC–MS

A simple, economical, rapid and sensitive analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of endosulfan (α- and β-) and its metabolites (endosulfan ether, endosulfan hydroxy ether, endosulfan lactone, endosulfan alcohol and endosulfan sulphate) in complex samples, such as soil and urine, based on ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC–MS) analysis. The method parameters have been optimized using response surface design experiments. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and acetone were chosen as extraction and disperser solvents respectively. After UA-DLLME, the sediment phase obtained was directly analyzed by GC–MS without any further cleanup and preconcentration procedure. Several factors which can affect the UA-DLLME extraction were screened and optimized by 27–4 Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) experiments respectively. Based on these experiments the optimized parameters for UA-DLLME extraction were as follows: extraction solvent, (TCE, 58 μL), disperser solvent (acetone, 1.27 mL) and ionic strength (Na2SO4, 7%, w/v). Intra- and inter-day precision were expressed as percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) and were found to be less than 6.33%. The limit of detection (LOD) of all the analytes in soil and urine were found to be in the range of 0.316–2.494 ng g−1 and 0.049–0.514 ng mL−1 respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of soil samples contaminated with endosulfan. The method may find wide application for the routine determination of endosulfan and its metabolites in environmental and biological samples.
Oil Production by Spontaneous Imbibition from Sandstone and Chalk Cylindrical Cores with Two Ends Open

During spontaneous counter-current imbibition of brine into oil-filled porous rock, it is generally assumed that the flow rates of the brine and oil are equal and in opposite directions. However, significant scatter and inconsistent dimensionless times were observed in experiments using matched-viscosity fluids in two ends open (TEO) sandstone cores using an established correlation factor. In further TEO experiments, the oil production at each end face was measured separately and ranged from being equal and symmetrical to highly asymmetrical, with almost all of the mobile oil being produced from one end in nominally duplicate tests. The dimensionless time for scaled imbibition increased with increasing asymmetry in oil production. Thus, for imbibition into cores with the TEO boundary condition, although the overall flows of brine and oil have to be equal, the individual flows at each end face are not necessarily equal and opposite. The asymmetry in oil production during imbibition with the TEO boundary co.
Accounting for observation uncertainty and bias due to unresolved scales with the Schmidt-Kalman filter

Abstract Data assimilation combines observations with numerical model data, to provide a best estimate of a real system. Errors due to unresolved scales arise when there is a spatio-temporal scale mismatch between the processes resolved by the observations and model. We present theory on error, uncertainty and bias due to unresolved scales for situations where observations contain information on smaller scales than can be represented by the numerical model. The Schmidt-Kalman filter, which accounts for the uncertainties in the unrepresented processes, is investigated and compared with an optimal Kalman filter that treats all scales, and a suboptimal Kalman filter that accounts for the large-scales only. The equation governing true analysis uncertainty is reformulated to include representation uncertainty for each filter. We apply the filters to a random walk model with one variable for large-scale processes and one variable for small-scale processes. Our new results show that the Schmidt-Kalman filter has the largest benefit over a suboptimal filter in regimes of high representation uncertainty and low instrument uncertainty but performs worse than the optimal filter. Furthermore, we review existing theory showing that errors due to unresolved scales often result in representation error bias. We derive a novel bias-correcting form of the Schmidt-Kalman filter and apply it to the random walk model with biased observations. We show that the bias-correcting Schmidt-Kalman filter successfully compensates for representation error biases. Indeed, it is more important to treat an observation bias than an unbiased error due to unresolved scales.
The effect of yogurt co‐fortified with probiotic and vitamin D on lipid profile, anthropometric indices and serum 25‐hydroxi vitamin D in obese adult: A Double‐Blind Randomized‐ Controlled Trial

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency can be regarded as one of the overgrowing health problem in all of the world. Evidence from a clinical trial suggested a role for probiotic bacteria in increasing vitamin D. However, probiotic's effect is strain specific and this effect should be confirmed about different strains. The objective was to determine if yogurt fortification with probiotic bacteria, Lactobillus acidophilus La‐B5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12 either alone or in combination with vitamin D can be a complementary treatment for vitamin D deficiency. The end‐points were vitamin D, cardio metabolic lipid profile, anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist, hip, fat mass, lean body mass) and dietary intake. A 10‐week parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomized and controlled trial was conducted on 140 obese men and women. The participants were randomly allocated to receive 100 grams either 1) plain low‐fat yogurt or 2) probiotic yogurt or 3) vitamin D‐fortified yogurt or 4) probiotic and vitamin D cofortified yogurt. All groups received low‐calorie diet. Vitamin D increased significantly in group 4 (p = .008), group 3 (p = .001) and group 1 (p = .012 with no difference between groups. Vitamin D‐fortified yogurt had the most effect size and showed a significant difference versus plain (p = .018) and probiotic yogurt (p = .002). Regarding lipid profile, there were no significant differences between groups. Data from this study does not support the hypothesis that yogurt fortified with probiotic bacteria, Lactobillus acidophilus La‐5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12 either alone or in combination with vitamin D might impose any increasing effect on serum level of vitamin D in comparison with vitamin D‐fortified yogurt.
Cytotoxicity and degree of conversion of methacrylate and silorane

Composites have been proven to have a cytotoxiceffect on a variety of tissues and cells. Aim: The aim of thisstudy was to analyse the degree of conversion of resinsand its correlation with the cell viability in primary gingivalfibroblasts. Methods: Resin-based silorane (Filtek P90)and conventional methacrylate resins (Filtek Z100, FiltekZ250 and Filtek Z350XT) were used to evaluate cell viabilityand the degree of conversion. The resins were light-cured bya LED for 20 and 40 seconds. The degree of conversion wasanalysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cellularmetabolism was evaluated after 24 hours by the MTT assay(n = 6) using the storage solution of composite resin foreither 24 hours or 12 days. Variance analysis (ANOVA) witha Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05) was performed to comparethe groups. Results: The composite Filtek P90 showed ahigher degree of conversion when polymerised for 40 or20 seconds, while the composites Filtek Z100, Filtek Z250 andFiltek Z350XT showed similar degree of conversion. Only theFiltek Z100 resin was cytotoxic. Conclusion: We found nostatistically significant correlation between cell viability andthe degree of conversion.
The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism on Purchasing Batik Products: Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Price Sensitivity

To successfully examine the banking strategies used by transnational Banks in Sierra Leone to improve their performances, the researcher used a longitudinal research method to carry out the study. The method is used so as to achieve the research goals by focusing on the ensuing operating challenges to survive, grow and meets their set goals with the purpose of maintaining their core mandate as financial intermediaries as well as agents of economic growth in Sierra Leone and beyond. The study noted that the transnational Banks in Sierra Leone’s organizational strategies support every individual to comprehend where the banking business is moving and how the banks willpower can influence those strategies. Equally, the study further observed that their organizational strategies also explain their market positions and clarify how the transnational banks communicate with customers, competitors, and departmental changing structures to convey success. Based on the entire study, the transnational banks are on the advanced trajectory which can make them continuously achieve competitive advantage in the banking industry in Sierra Leone, since their strategies are positive towards meeting their goals. Although some improvements are needed on their marketing strategies, knowledge about bank products and services, innovation, strategy orientation, as well as wide improvement on employees’ satisfaction strategy to increase commitment and loyalty.
DEMONETIZATION AND IMPROVISATION OF VALUE CHAIN DYNAMIC IN AFGHANISTAN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Demonetization is the elimination of the backing of the money granted by law to the notes is, therefore, legal tender. On Wednesday_ September 2002, the new president of the transition government announced from television to the people of Afghanistan that the decision had been reached in response to Afghan and foreign experts. They had advised the new Government to replace the currency and reform Afghanistan’s banking system. “This will help in controlling the massive inflation and stabilize the economy. A survey was conducted with a pre-tested questionnaire among the common public in Kabul and Parwan’s main two provinces to collect their views on factors associated with demonetization in Afghanistan. PCA (Principal component analysis) technique has been used for factor extraction and dimension reduction using the Varimax orthogonal rotation. The top key factors related to the implementation of demonetization have been identified as socio-economic factors, public hardships, challenges, and implementation challenges. The survey data’s descriptive analysis shows that most survey respondents either ‘strongly agree’ or ‘agree’ with the 19 measures on perception and opinion of the common man (general public) on demonetization in Afghanistan.
Interfacial Thermal Conductance across Graphene/MoS2 van der Waals Heterostructures

The thermal conductivity and interface thermal conductance of graphene stacked MoS2 (graphene/MoS2) van der Waals heterostructure were studied by the first principles and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, two different heterostructures were established and optimized by VASP. Subsequently, we obtained the thermal conductivity (K) and interfacial thermal conductance (G) via MD simulations. The predicted Κ of monolayer graphene and monolayer MoS2 reached 1458.7 W/m K and 55.27 W/m K, respectively. The thermal conductance across the graphene/MoS2 interface was calculated to be 8.95 MW/m2 K at 300 K. The G increases with temperature and the interface coupling strength. Finally, the phonon spectra and phonon density of state were obtained to analyze the changing mechanism of thermal conductivity and thermal conductance.
A Review of the Current State of Nanomedicines for Targeting and Treatment of Cancers: Achievements and Future Challenges

The design and utilization of nanomedicines offers great potential for treating various diseases including cancers. Current challenges with traditional cancer treatment strategies include but are not limited to lack of specific targeting, overt systemic toxicity and low efficacy. The use of nanomaterials show particular promise as candidates for cancer treatment due to their high surface to volume ratio and tuneable size, shape, and surface chemistry, which in combination, allow for improved tumor targeting and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The scrutinization of the literature demonstrates the potential of nanosized carrier systems over traditional approaches (at the molecular level) for specific targeting of the tumors. Despite the great promise showing in preclinical studies, the number of nanomedicines reaching clinical testing is still very low. This review attempts to address this issue by using a weight of evidence approach to the different strategies for use of nanomedicines in combating cancer, as well as highlighting a number of areas that the field of nanomedicines is clearly lagging behind in, as compared to conventional drug discovery and development. It is hoped that the recommendations in this review will allow for better translation of nanomedicines reaching clinical trials.
Testing the Rothamsted Carbon Model against data from long‐term experiments on upland soils in Thailand

We tested the Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) against three long‐term (27–28 years) experimental sites on Thai upland soils in order to see how this widely used ‘temperate’ soil carbon turnover model performed in a typical farming region in the tropics. We were able to verify – over a much longer period than had been examined in previous studies – that RothC performs well in a tropical region in plots used for continuous cropping experiments of maize and cassava without organic matter application. However, the model overestimated soil organic carbon (SOC) in some plots to which large amounts of organic matter (rice straw or cassava stalks) were applied. This overestimate could not be attributed to errors in estimating either the amount of C input to the soil or the ratio of decomposable plant materials to resistant plant materials entering the soil. Among many factors affecting SOC dynamics (e.g. weather conditions, soil characteristics, etc.), which are different in tropical regions from temperate regions, we conclude that the activity of soil fauna might be a major factor which makes the performance of RothC worse where much organic matter was applied. We suggest that care should be taken when applying RothC to tropical soils with large amounts of added organic matter.
Evaluating our evaluability: Lessons from Ngala, Western Australia

Evaluability assessment focuses on the readiness of organisations to carry out evaluations. Scholars argue that evaluability assessment needs to focus on internal evaluation systems and tools and their capability to measure programmes and services reliably and credibly. Even so, literature on best practice guidelines on evaluability assessment within the context of the not-for-profit sector appears to be rare. We seek to begin to fill this gap by presenting lessons learned from Ngala, Western Australia, when we reviewed the organisation’s evaluation practice and culture in 2018/2019. The Service Model and Outcomes Measurement Audit project assessed the extent to which service models within Ngala aligned with the organisation’s standardised service model and individual service contracts, as well as consistency of outcomes, data collection and reporting practices. Insights obtained from the project and their implications for evaluability assessment practice are discussed.
Four component domino reaction for the synthesis of highly functionalized dimeric tetracyclic dilactam fluorophores: H-bond aided self-assembly

A series of new dimeric tetracyclic dilactam fluorophores (DTDF) consisting of diazabicyclooctane-dione (DBOD) fused to tetrahydronaphthalene (THP) was designed and synthesized from a simple precursor. The monomers showed enhanced emission in THF–water solvent and also benzene-dimer like absorption and fluorescence, originating from the hydrogen-bonding aided self-assembly of dilactams. The crystal structures revealed water-mediated molecular aggregates with several hydrogen-bond bridges formed by water.
Fault‐Zone Damage Promotes Pulse‐Like Rupture and Back‐Propagating Fronts via Quasi‐Static Effects

Damage zones are ubiquitous components of faults that may affect earthquake rupture. Simulations show that pulse‐like rupture can be induced by the dynamic effect of waves reflected by sharp fault zone boundaries. Here we show that pulses can appear in a highly damaged fault zone even in the absence of reflected waves. We use quasi‐static scaling arguments and quasi‐dynamic earthquake cycle simulations to show that a crack turns into a pulse after the rupture has grown larger than the fault zone thickness. Accompanying the pulses, we find complex rupture patterns involving back‐propagating fronts that emerge from the primary rupture front. Our model provides a mechanism for back‐propagating fronts recently observed during large earthquakes. Moreover, we find that slow‐slip simulations in a highly compliant fault zone also produce back‐propagating fronts, suggesting a new mechanism for the rapid tremor reversals observed in Cascadia and Japan.