Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shape estimation and health monitoring of wind turbine tower using a FBG sensor array

This paper introduces a high-speed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system for use in shape estimation of wind turbine tower under dynamic loads. A fiber Bragg grating interrogator was developed with a spectrometer-type demodulator based on a linear photo detector. In the high-speed demodulation mode, up to six arrayed FBGs can conduct 40 kHz sampling per each channel simultaneously, and in the low-speed demodulation mode, the system can be effectively used for the dynamic strain monitoring of large structures that require many sensors, by expansion of the sensing channels. Real-time shape estimation of the wind turbine tower structure was accomplished using strain data gathered by surface mounted fiber Bragg grating sensors. The finite element model of the wind turbine tower was created and a displacement-strain transformation based on a modal approach was applied to find the displacement-strain transformation (DST) matrix. The estimated shapes measured by ten Bragg grating sensors are analyzed for two operational load cases of wind turbine. The results show very close agreement showing the potentials of the proposed shape estimation technique based on displacement-strain transformation using Bragg grating sensors.
Histomorphometric study of role of lactoferrin in atrophy of the intestinal mucosa of rats

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of oral administration of lactoferrin (Lf) in rats subjected to atrophy of the small intestine induced by a diet based on soy protein concentrate as the main protein source. We used 24 male Wistar rats aged 40 days, kept in individual cages under appropriate conditions of temperature, light and humidity. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 6); 1) group SL received soy-based food and, once a day, a supplement of 200mg/kg of Lf administered by gavage; 2) group Si received the soy feed without supplement of Lf; 3) group CL received a diet based on casein plus Lf; 4) group Ci received the casein diet without supplement of Lf. At the end of fifteen days, a 10 mm segment of the initial portion of the small intestine was sectioned and subjected to morphometry of the intestinal crypts and villi and assessment of the number and size of myofibroblasts. Comparison between groups showed that the length of the villi was similar in groups Ci and CL and higher in CL than in SL; SL than in Si, in Ci than in SL, and in Ci than in Si to Ci. The crypt depth was similar in SL and CL, SL and Ci and Ci and CL and was higher in Si than in Ci and in Si than in SL. The number of myofibroblasts was higher in SL than in CL, in SL than in Si, in CL than in Ci, and in SL than in and Ci; between Ci and Si there was no difference. The area of myofibroblasts was similar between the groups SL and CL and Si and Ci and higher in SL than in Si, and in Cl than in and Ci, and in SL than in Ci. All statistical analysis assumed significance when p < 0.05. From these results, we conclude that lactoferrin increases the number and size of the pericrypt myofibro-blasts and stimulates rapidly the regeneration of atrophied villi.
Ratios of radical to conservative amino acid replacement are affected by mutational and compositional factors and may not be indicative of positive Darwinian selection.

The ratio of radical to conservative amino acid replacements is frequently used to infer positive Darwinian selection. This method is based on the assumption that radical replacements are more likely than conservative replacements to improve the function of a protein. Therefore, if positive selection plays a major role in the evolution of a protein, one would expect the radical-conservative ratio to exceed the expectation under neutrality. Here, we investigate the possibility that factors unrelated to selection, i.e., transition-transversion ratio, codon usage, genetic code, and amino acid composition, influence the radical-conservative replacement ratio. All factors that have been studied were found to affect the radical-conservative replacement ratio. In particular, amino acid composition and transition-transversion ratio are shown to have the most profound effects. Because none of the studied factors had anything to do with selection (positive or otherwise) and also because all of them (singly or in combination) affected a measure that was supposed to be indicative of positive selection, we conclude that selectional inferences based on radical-conservative replacement ratios should be treated with suspicion.
Factor V Leiden is associated with higher risk of deep venous thrombosis of large blood vessels.

AIM To determine the prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation in patients with different presentation of venous thromboembolic disease and healthy individuals in the Republic of Macedonia. METHODS The retrospective case control study involved 190 patients with venous thromboembolic disease and 200 healthy individuals, who were screened for the presence of factor V Leiden mutation, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The prevalence of factor V Leiden was analyzed according to the localization of thrombosis, presence of risk factors, and family history of thrombosis. The odds of deep venous thrombosis were calculated with respect to the presence of factor V Leiden mutation. RESULTS The prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation among patients with venous thromboembolic disease was 21.1%, compared with 5.5% in the healthy individuals. Factor V Leiden positive patients had the first episode of deep venous thrombosis at a younger age, and the prevalence of the mutation was the highest among patients with a positive family history of thrombosis (33.9%, P=0.003) and in patients with deep venous thrombosis affecting a large blood vessel (37.7%, P=0.001). The prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation was lower in patients with calf deep venous thrombosis and primary thromboembolism (13.3% and 13.1%, respectively; P>0.05). The odds ratio for iliofemoral or femoral deep venous thrombosis in factor V Leiden carriers was 10.4 (95% confidence interval, 4.7-23.1). CONCLUSION The prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation was high in patients with venous thromboembolic disease and healthy individuals in the Republic of Macedonia. Factor V Leiden carriers have the highest odds of developing deep venous thrombosis affecting a large venous blood vessel.
Exploiting Linkage Disequilibrium in Population Isolates

A comparison of haplotype frequencies between unrelated cases and controls from population isolates identifies a strong signal for the presence/absence of the discrete phenotype in an interval on chromosome 6 bounded by markers 34 and 35. We define a dissimilarity index, D, which is sensitive to differences in allele distributions and differences in the patterns of linkage disequilibrium between cases and controls. We describe two statistical methods to utilize D: a method appropriate for a single moderately sized sample and a sequential approach appropriate for multiple small independent samples. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Violations of locality in polarization-correlation measurements with phase shifters.

Violations of locality, or local realism, in two-photon polarization-correlation experiments have now been demonstrated many times with different sources, usually by showing that a Bell inequality is violated, and the ex­ istence of the phenomenon is hardly in doubt [1-6]. There are, however, at least two published examples of experiments whose results are somewhat strange and ap­ pear to contradict the foregoing [7,8]. One is an experi­ ment by Clauser in which a mercury atomic cascade served as a two-photon source [7], and the other is an ex­ periment by Duncan, Kleinpoppen, and Sheikh based on the two-photon decay of metastable hydrogen [8]. Both experiments are distinguished by the fact that each pho­ ton passes through a quarter-wave plate before en­ countering a linear polarizer and a photodetector, and neither experiment results in a clear violation of a Bell in­ equality. Below, we present an analysis of an experiment of this type, which suggests that the anomalous results may be attributable to imperfections in the quarter-wave plates that were used to produce circular polarization, as was also suggested by Clauser. We have recently reported on a polarization­ correlation experiment with a combination of down con­ verter and beam splitter serving as a two-photon source [9,10], in which local realism was found to be violated. By inserting a circular polarizer in each photon channel before the linear polarizer and photodetector, we are in a position to more or less repeat the interference experi­ ments of Clauser and of Duncan, Kleinpoppen, and Sheikh. We present the results of such an experiment. Unlike previous workers, we find an unambiguous viola­ tion of locality by about 40 standard deviations in the ex­ periment.
Synchronous primary lung cancers: A multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis

Background For patients with two or more primary cancers a correct diagnosis is critically important because prognosis and treatment vary considerably between multiple primary cancers and metastatic disease. Case report Two bilateral synchronous primary lung malignancies of different histological types were diagnosed and immunohistochemically confirmed in a 60-year-old woman. In biopsy specimens of the right lung pure squamous cell carcinoma was detected (stage IIIa). The tumor expressed AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 5 and 34βE12. In biopsy specimens of the left lung small cell carcinoma was detected (stage IIIa). The small cells expressed synaptophysin, chromogranin A and CD56. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue of both tumors. Exons 5–9 of the TP53 gene were examined for genetic mutations by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis. Direct sequencing of DNA isolated from the small cell carcinoma revealed a TGC to TTC mutation at codon 404 of TP53 exon 5. In DNA isolated from the squamous cell carcinoma no TP53 mutation was found. The tumors' different response to chemotherapy also suggested that they belonged to different histological types. The patient lived 24 months after the diagnosis, which is more typical for stage III than for stage IV lung carcinoma. Conclusion Discrimination of synchronous primary lung cancers from intrapulmonary metastases based only on clinical findings can be very difficult. Multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation is therefore very helpful in cases like this, because a correct diagnosis will determine the best treatment for the patient and consequently a better prognosis.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia: a comparative analysis of two regional cohorts.

Introduction : Our understanding of how to achieve optimal long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in settings where the burden of HIV disease is highest remains limited. We compared levels and determinants of adherence over time between HIV-positive persons receiving ART who were enrolled in a bi-regional cohort in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Methods : This multicentre prospective study of adults starting first-line ART assessed patient-reported adherence at follow-up clinic visits using a 30-day visual analogue scale. Determinants of suboptimal adherence (<95%) were assessed for six-month intervals, using generalized estimating equations multivariable logistic regression with multiple imputations. Region of residence (Africa vs. Asia) was assessed as a potential effect modifier. Results : Of 13,001 adherence assessments in 3934 participants during the first 24 months of ART, 6.4% (837) were suboptimal, with 7.3% (619/8484) in the African cohort versus 4.8% (218/4517) in the Asian cohort ( p < 0.001). In the African cohort, determinants of suboptimal adherence were male sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 – 1.53; p = 0.009), younger age (OR 0.8 per 10 year increase; 0.8 – 0.9; p = 0.003), use of concomitant medication (OR 1.8, 1.0 – 3.2; p = 0.044) and attending a public facility (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 – 1.7; p = 0.004). In the Asian cohort, adherence was higher in men who have sex with men (OR for suboptimal adherence 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 – 0.9; p = 0.029) and lower in injecting drug users (OR for suboptimal adherence 1.6, 95% CI 0.9 – 2.6; p = 0.075), compared to heterosexuals. Risk of suboptimal adherence decreased with longer ART duration in both regions. Participants in low- and lower-middle-income countries had a higher risk of suboptimal adherence (OR 1.6, 1.3 – 2.0; p < 0.001), compared to those in upper-middle or high-income countries. Suboptimal adherence was strongly associated with virological failure, in Africa (OR 5.8, 95% CI 4.3 – 7.7; p < 0.001) and Asia (OR 9.0, 95% CI 5.0 – 16.2; p < 0.001). Patient-reported adherence barriers among African participants included scheduling demands, drug stockouts, forgetfulness, sickness or adverse events, stigma or depression, regimen complexity and pill burden. Conclusions : Psychosocial factors and health system resources may explain regional differences. Adherence-enhancing interventions should address patient-reported barriers tailored to local settings, prioritizing the first years of ART. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Insulin Glargine Safety in Pregnancy: a Transplacental Transfer Study Short Title: Insulin glargine placental transfer

1 Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3 Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Molecular Transition of an Adult Low-Grade Brain Tumor to an Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Over a Time-Course of 14 Years

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system is a highly malignant, pediatric brain tumor typically arising de novo. Inactivation of SMARCB1 is a defining molecular event. We present here a rare case of an adult (35 years) low-grade SMARCB1-deleted brain tumor with transition into prototypical AT/RT over 14 years. Molecular analysis was performed for 3 tumor presentations including copy number analysis, DNA methylation analysis (450k), and whole exome sequencing. We detected the identical somatic SMARCB1 deletion at all 3 time-points. In an unsupervised hierarchical clustering of methylation data together with 127 reference cases comprising 9 brain tumor classes all 3 manifestations clustered with AT/RT. Exome sequencing revealed an increase of mutational burden over time. The acquired mutations and additional copy number changes did not affect known cancer genes. In conclusion, we demonstrate molecular changes associated with histological and clinical transition of a low-grade brain tumor to an adult AT/RT. Our observation of a stable disease course for nearly 10 years in a tumor with SMARCB1 loss and an AT/RT-like DNA methylation profile indicates that caution may be required in the diagnostic interpretation of such findings in adult patients.
Chromosome 8 congenic strains: tools for genetic analysis of limb malformation, plasma triglycerides, and blood pressure in the rat.

Congenic strains with the polydactyly-luxate syndrome (PLS), the BN.lx and Lew.lx, were originally derived to study the expression and mode of inheritance of the lx mutant gene on rat chromosome 8. The BN.lx PLS congenic strain together with the spontaneously hypertensive SHR strain served as progenitors for the production of the HXB/BXH recombinant inbred (RI) strains. One of the RI strains, the BXH11, carrying PLS was used for the transfer of PLS determining lx allele onto the SHR strain genetic background. Using PCR analysis, differential segments of chromosome 8 of BN.lx and SHR.lx congenic strains were described and shown to carry also genes associated with blood pressure and plasma triglyceride regulation. Possible experimental exploitation of chromosome 8 congenic strains in these respects is thus discussed.
WEARABLE ANTENNAS FOR ON-BODY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

A wearable antenna is meant to be a part of the clothing used for communication purposes, which includes tracking, mobile computing, navigation and public safety. The rapid development of body area network (BAN) concepts has spawned a considerable research interest over the past decade due to their promising applications in a wide variety of diverse areas including health monitoring, patient tracking, wearable computing, battlefield survival, and so on. Several frequency bands have been identified for research and commercialization of BAN communication systems, such as the 402 405 MHz Medical Implant Communication Services (MICS) band, the 2.4 – 2.48 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band, the 3.1 – 10.76 GHz ultra-wide band (UWB) range and others. More recently, a new medical BAN (MBAN) band, which operates from 2.36 to 2.4 GHz, has been considered by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) for its clean spectrum and low interference sources. There is currently much interest in body-worn communication systems whether for off-body communications or on-body communications to fixed and mobile networks. Such systems are of interest for detecting motion on the body during exercise, monitoring functions such as pulse rate and blood pressure, use by the emergency services, and for general network connection.
Intelligent Sampling Technique for Path Tracking Controllers

Path tracking controllers in mobile robots are aimed at driving the vehicle following a previously defined path. For implementation purposes, the path is discretized into samples. Each sample is theoretically reachable by the robot. Nevertheless, the motion commands could exceed the actuators' limit causing their corresponding saturation, especially when maneuvering in constrained spaces. In this brief, a technique is proposed and implemented for an intelligent sampling of the path to be tracked by an automated vehicle. On the one hand, it is based on finding the best reference in a path in order to improve the controller's performance without compromising the kinematic restrictions of the robot. On the other hand, it uses a probabilistic framework to predict and to avoid collision with moving objects. The proposed methodology is implemented in real time and tested on an agricultural machinery while monitoring a grove, sharing the workspace with field workers, and using the previously published path tracking controllers. The results obtained showed an improvement of 17% (average) of the controllers' performance and an improvement of 40% (average) in the time associated with the navigation process.
Machine translation quality in an audiovisual context

The volume of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is increasing to meet the rising demand for data that needs to be accessible around the world. Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most innovative technologies to be deployed in the field of translation, but it is still too early to predict how it can support the creativity and productivity of professional translators in the future. Currently, MT is more widely used in (non-AV) text translation than in AVT. In this article, we discuss MT technology and demonstrate why its use in AVT scenarios is particularly challenging. We also present some potentially useful methods and tools for measuring MT quality that have been developed primarily for text translation. The ultimate objective is to bridge the gap between the tech-savvy AVT community, on the one hand, and researchers and developers in the field of high-quality MT, on the other.
Noun Faithfulness and Accent in Fukuoka Japanese

In the dialects of Japanese spoken in the city of Fukuoka, there are two ways in which the prosodic phonology of nouns differs from that of verbs and adjectives. First, verbs have an obligatory pitch accent, while nouns may be accented or unaccented. These dialects thus differ from dialects such as Tôkyô (McCawley 1968; Poser 1984), in which a word of any category may be either accented or unaccented, as well as from dialects such as Miyakonojô (Hirayama 1943; Haraguchi 1977), in which no lexical items, regardless of category, contrast for accentedness. The second difference between nouns and other lexical words in Fukuoka is in the phonology of accent location. In (accented) nouns, the location of the accent is lexically contrastive. However, the accent in verbs has a fixed location: it must appear on the penultimate syllable. The Fukuoka dialects are therefore different from those such as Kagoshima (Hirayama
An M-Learning Framework in the Podcast Form (MPF) using Context-Aware Technology

Mobile computing is rapidly transforming the world in which we live, with the advent of iPhones, iPads, tablet computers, and Android smartphones. M-learning in the podcast form (MPF) is a recent development forconveying coursecontent to students in higher education. Context-aware technologies use temporal and environmental information to determine context. Thisstudy presents a theoretical framework for using context awareness, M-learning in the podcast forminvestigate the effectiveness of using MPF engagement with context-aware technology in Teaching and Learning a multimedia course. The framework is based on two principal dimensions (MPF andcontext-aware technology), and it contributes to support researchers in e-learning and ubiquitous learning. The study was conducted onstudents (n = 42) enrolled ina multimedia course (IS 450) at QassimUniversity. After finishing the course, theycompleted an online survey to give their feedback on the effectiveness of using MPF with context-aware technology.The results indicate that learners had a positive attitude towards usingMPF with context awarenesstechnology, and that they considered it a great way to develop their knowledge and receive course information.This study demonstrates the ability of context-aware technology to enhance the behaviour of learners by using m-learning in the podcast form.
A supervised method to assist the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease based on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In this work we present a supervised method to assist the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). The method consists of five stages: a) preprocessing of fMRI data to remove non-task related variability, b) modeling the way in which the BOLD response depends on stimulus, c) feature extraction from fMRI data, d) feature selection and e) classification using the Random Forests algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated using data from 41 subjects (14 young adults, 14 non demented older adults and 13 demented older adults).
Foraminiferal Calcification Response to Glacial-Interglacial Changes in Atmospheric CO2

A record of foraminiferal shell weight across glacial-interglacial Termination I shows a response related to seawater carbonate ion concentration and allows reconstruction of a record of carbon dioxide in surface seawater that matches the atmospheric record. The results support suggestions that higher atmospheric carbon dioxide directly affects marine calcification, an effect that may be of global importance to past and future changes in atmospheric CO2. The process provides negative feedback to the influence of marine calcification on atmospheric carbon dioxide and is of practical importance to the application of paleoceanographic proxies.
Performance analysis of 1 Tb/s RZ modulated 1550 nm VCSEL based optical link

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) of 1550nm is used to achieve 1Tb/s optical data transmission over 60km single mode dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Bias current optimization is done for achieving this ultra-high speed operation from VCSEL based system. It is found that for a bias current of 8-11 mA the system supports error free (BER<10-12) data transmission at a data rate of 1Tb/s up to 60km link at a maximum temperature of 44°C.