Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and functional connectivity outcomes of 5-Hz repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation as an add-on treatment in cocaine use disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global condition lacking effective treatment. Repeated magnetic transcranial stimulation (rTMS) may reduce craving and frequency of cocaine use, but little is known about its efficacy and neural effects. METHODS: Using a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) [NCT02986438], we sought to elucidate short- and long-term clinical benefits of 5-Hz rTMS as an add-on to standard treatment in CUD patients and discern underlying functional connectivity effects using magnetic resonance imaging. Forty-four randomly assigned CUD patients completed the 2-week double-blind acute phase [Sham (n=20, 2f/18m) and Active (n=24, 4f/20m)], in which they received 2 daily sessions of rTMS (5,000 pulses) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Subsequently, n=20 CUD patients continued to open-label maintenance (2 weekly sessions for up to 6 months). Measures were acquired at baseline, 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS: Overall, 5-Hz rTMS plus standard treatment for 2 weeks significantly reduced craving and impulsivity in the Active group; decreased impulsivity correlated with improvements in functional connectivity in executive control and default mode networks. Clinical and functional connectivity effects were maintained for 3 months but they dissipated by 6 months. We did not observe reduction of positive cocaine urine tests, however, self-reported frequency and grams consumed for 6 months were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: With this RCT we show that 5-Hz rTMS has potential promise as an adjunctive treatment for CUD and merits further research.
COVID-19 Case Series at UnityPoint Health St. Lukes Hospital in Cedar Rapids, IA

A retrospective, descriptive study of all patients tested for SARS-CoV2 on admission for illness to a community hospital in Iowa from 3/21/20 thru 6/14/20 consisted of evaluation as to demographics, presentation and hospital course. Ninety-one patients were SARS-CoV2 PCR+ with 63% being male and a median age of 60. Cardiovascular disease was a significant comorbidity in the PCR+ group. Fever, cough, dyspnea, nausea, emesis, diarrhea, headache and myalgias were significantly more common in that group, as was an elevated CRP, LDH, serum ferritin and transaminases. Overall survival of the COVID-19 patients was 88%, 77% in the critically ill, 59% of those mechanically ventilated and 33% of those requiring new dialysis. Survival was 93% in those not receiving any antivirals. Survival of those treated with hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin was 92%, compared to 86% of those treated with hydroxychloroquine alone. The latter two groups were significantly more ill than the untreated group. A transition from an early intubation strategy to aggressive utilization of high flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation(i.e BiPAP) was successful in freeing up ICU resources.
PRELIMINARY GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MEDITERRANEAN BLUEFIN TUNA CAUGHT IN LIBYAN WATERS

SUMMARY The existence of the eastern and western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) stocks has been generally assumed. Recently several genetic studies seem to confirm this putative stock differentiation. Although none of the genetic studies found significant differences between the Mediterranean locations, a more exhaustive analysis is needed in this sea. The control region sequence variability of ten Libyan bluefin samples have been analysed in order to enhance the knowledge of the Mediterranean population. No differences were detected when bluefin from Libya were compared to data from the rest of the Mediterranean. These preliminary results suggest a genetic homogeneity between this sample and the rest of the Mediterranean.
Towards IP Location Estimation Using the Nearest Common Router

As for the large error of geolocation algorithm based on shortest relative delay in the real Internet, a new IP geolocation algorithm is proposed in this paper, which could get the geographic location estimation of Internet host using the nearest common router between the target host and landmarks. The proposed algorithm finds the nearest common router between the target host and landmarks through topology discovery and takes the network entity with known location as passive landmark; estimates the delay between nearest common router and landmark, determines the geographic location of this router, then mapping the target host to this location. The algorithm analysis and experimental results show that, compared with the geolocation algorithm based on the shortest relative delay, proposed algorithm could reduce the accumulated error caused by relative delay, as well as the average errors of geolocation results effectively, and then it is expected to improve the accuracy of IP geolocation.
Running on Empty

Past research shows that self-control is limited and becomes depleted after initial exertions. This study examined the neural processes underlying self-control failure by testing whether controlled, effortful behavior impairs subsequent attempts at control by depleting the neural system associated with conflict monitoring. Subjects either watched an emotional movie normally or tried to suppress their emotions while watching the movie; they then completed an ostensibly unrelated Stroop task while electroencephalographic activity was recorded. The error-related negativity (ERN)—a waveform associated with activity in the anterior cingulate—was measured to determine whether prior regulatory exertion constrained the conflict-monitoring system. Compared with subjects in the control condition, those who suppressed their emotions performed worse on the Stroop task, and this deficit was mediated by weaker ERN signals. These results offer a neural account for the self-regulatory-strength model and demonstrate the utility of the social neuroscience approach.
The buffalo genome and the application of genomics in animal management and improvement

The publication of the human genome sequence in 2001 was a major step forward in knowledge necessary to understand the variations between individuals. For farmed species, genomic sequence information will facilitate the selection of animals optimised to live, and be productive, in particular environments. The availability of cattle genome sequence has allowed the breeding industry to take the first steps towards predicting phenotypes from genotypes by estimating a “genomic breeding value” (gEBV) for bulls using genome-wide DNA markers. The sequencing of the buffalo genome and creation of a panel of DNA markers has created the opportunity to apply molecular selection approaches for this species. The genomes of several buffalo of different breeds were sequenced and aligned with the bovine genome, which facilitated the identification of millions of sequence variants in the buffalo genomes. Based on frequencies of variants within and among buffalo breeds, and their distribution across the genome compared with the bovine genome, 90,000 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were selected to create an Axiom ® Buffalo Genotyping Array 90K. This “SNP Chip” was tested in buffalo populations from Italy and Brazil and found to have at least 75% high quality and polymorphic markers in these populations. The 90K SNP chip was then used to investigate the structure of buffalo populations, and to localise the variations having a major effect on milk production.
Herbicides for Potential Use in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Production1

Abstract: Herbicides registered for lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) do not consistently control many troublesome weeds. Some herbicides registered for soybean (Glycine max) will control these weeds, but tolerance to lima bean is not known. Two field and two greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate recently registered soybean herbicides for lima bean tolerance. Field studies were conducted in Delaware from 1996 to 1998, and in North Carolina during 1997 and 1998. The first field study evaluated the preemergence (PRE) herbicides cloransulam at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 kg ai/ha; flumetsulam at 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.07 plus metolachlor at 1.3, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.1 kg ai/ha; sulfentrazone at 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25 kg ai/ha; lactofen at 0.2 and 0.25 kg ai/ha; and the commercial standard treatment of imazethapyr plus metolachlor at 0.05 and 1.7 kg ai/ha, respectively. Lima bean injury 5 to 8 wk after emergence was lowest for imazethapyr plus metolachlor (standard treatment) and all four rates of cloransulam. Crop injury with flumetsulam plus metolachlor ranged from 0 to 18% and sulfentrazone ranged from 3 to 75% depending on location and rate. Lactofen treatments caused unacceptable lima bean injury. Yield in plots treated with cloransulam were consistently greater than in the plots treated with other herbicides. The second field study examined the postemergence (POST) herbicides cloransulam (0.013 or 0.02 kg ai/ha), bentazon (1.1 kg ai/ha), imazethapyr (0.035 or 0.053 kg ai/ha), and imazamox (0.018 or 0.036 kg ai/ha), applied when the crop was at the first trifoliolate stage. Cloransulam caused 0 to 13% crop injury and imazamox caused 3 to 25% injury depending on rate and location. In greenhouse studies, no differences were observed among eight common processing lima bean cultivars in tolerance to sulfentrazone applied PRE or to cloransulam, imazamox, imazethapyr, or bentazon applied POST. Nomenclature: Bentazon, 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide; cloransulam, 3-chloro-2-[[(5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2yl)sulfonyl]amino]benzoic acid; flumetsulam, N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide; imazamox, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; imazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; lactofen, (±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate; metolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; sulfentrazone, N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide; lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus L. , ‘M-15’, ‘F1072’, ‘M-408’, ‘Packers’, ‘Concentrated Fordhook’, ‘8-78’, ‘Eastland’; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Additional index words: Crop tolerance; varietal sensitivity. Abbreviations: COC, crop oil concentrate; NIS, nonionic surfactant; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment.
Evaluation of Bread Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Bacterial Streak

Bacterial streak caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens (J.J.R P 106 were dropped and the remaining accessions were grouped into the HD classes: ≤84, 85 to 89, 90 to 94, 95 to 99, and ≥100. Selection was practiced within a HD class based on the following criteria: (i) BSS ≤ 10% in each year, (ii) if HD ≤ 94, then maximum average BSS ≤10%, (iii) if HD 95-99, then maximum average BSS ≤ 9%, and (iv) if HD ≥ 100, then maximum average BSS ≤ 7%. Twenty-six resistant accessions are recommended for the southern USA. Two controls, Terral 101 and GA 22 triticale (X. triticosecale Wittmack), also met these criteria with 6% average BSS. BSS and WS were not positively correlated, suggesting that the WS reaction to Xct from the syringe inoculation test may have limited usefulness. Field screening was effective in identifying resistance, but reaction of genotypes was confounded by relative maturity and genotype x environment (G x E) interactions.
Dispersal and population structure of two sympatric species of the mediterranean land snail genus Mastus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)

We studied the population dynamics of Mastus by investigating the effects of population structure, spatial ecology and biology of reproduction on the genetic diversity of two sympatric Mastus species endemic to the island of Crete. Over a period of 27 months, we carried out both mark–recapture and random quadrat sampling techniques in order to assess the dispersal trends, the aggregation patterns, the neighbourhood size and the habitat preferences of these species. There were 154 recorded movements for M. butoti and 114 for M. cretensis. Mean monthly dispersal was estimated at d = 0.5 m for M. butoti and d = 1 m for M. cretensis. Both species showed a random dispersal pattern but tended to aggregate in the field. Their populations were found to be highly structured owing to their highly parsimonious dispersal behaviour and the very low population densities, estimated at D = 2.07 ± 0.16 and D = 0.73 ± 0.16 individuals m−2 for M. butoti and M. cretensis, respectively. The neighbourhood size did not exceed 150 individuals for either species. The habitat occupied by each species changed during the active season, but both the immature and the adult individuals of each species seemed to prefer the same habitats throughout the active season. Partial population activation during the active season was observed in both species. We conclude that the population structure, the partial population activation and the species-specific reproductive strategies have a profound effect on maintaining the genetic diversity of the genus’ populations. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 83, 131–144.
Perceived Stress Scale

The perceived stress scale (PSS-10) reliability and validity were evaluated in Brazilian adults. A two-stage translation procedure was employed to achieve a Portuguese version. Participants were 793 Brazilian university teachers. The exploratory factor analysis showed two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 (56.8% of variance). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.83 (Factor 1), 0.77 (Factor 2) and 0.87 (Total Score). The test—retest reliability scores were 0.83 (Factor 1), 0.68 (Factor 2) and 0.86 (Total Score). PSS-10 and perceived health correlations ranged from —0.22 to —0.35. The PSS-10 showed an adequate reliability and validity supporting its use in this population.
Haematological health state indices of reproducing Great Tits: a response to brood size manipulation

1. A brood size manipulation experiment was performed in two Great Tit (Parus major L.) populations in order to evaluate the effect of raising different numbers of nestlings on parental health state. 2. Brood enlargement resulted in elevated heterophile:lymphocyte ratios and decreased lymphocyte number in the peripheral blood, indicating that increased reproductive effort causes immunosuppression. 3. Haematocrit increased in response to brood enlargement, suggesting a response to the requirement of elevated oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood during increased work load. 4. Parental body mass revealed a tendency to decrease in response to brood enlargement. 5. No effect of brood size manipulation on total leucocyte count, heterophile count, intensity of Haemoproteus blood parasite infection or plasma proteins could be detected. 6. Health state indices were more sensitive to brood size manipulation in the Great Tits breeding in a rural habitat than urban birds.
Effect of peat on mycorrhizal colonization and effectiveness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita

Abstract The influence of the addition of Chinese peat and Canadian peat on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal effectiveness and host-plant growth was investigated in a pot experiment. Chinese peat or Canadian peat was mixed with Masa soil (weathered granite soil) at different levels (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 or 200 g kg−1) into which an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall was inoculated, and seedlings of Miscanthus sinensis Anderess were planted. There was a significant increase in plant growth with increasing amounts of Chinese peat. The growth-promoting effect of the AMF on the host was enhanced when the addition of Chinese peat was increased from 25 to 100 g kg−1. Root colonization and the number of spores proliferating increased with increases at low levels of Chinese peat (from 25 to 100 g kg−1), and decreased gradually with higher Chinese peat increments. Although plant growth and root colonization with the addition of Canadian peat increased slightly, Canadian peat suppressed mycorrhizal effectiveness. In contrast to Canadian peat, the addition of Chinese peat improved considerably the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which might result in the promotion of AM formation and mycorrhizal effectiveness.
Adductor Pollicis as an undernutrition screening indicator in institutionalized older adults

Background: Population is ageing worldwide. With increasing age, institutionalization becomes a necessity for many older subjects. The adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) is associated with muscle protein status, has shown to be correlated with nutritional parameters and was found to discriminate undernutrition status. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of APMT to screen undernutrition in institutionalized older adults. It is intended to study the association between APMT, from dominant and non-dominant hands, with undernutrition, and to define gender-specific APMT cutoff values for undernutrition screening. Participants and Methods: An observational analytic transversal study was conducted between May and July of 2018 in six nursing homes for older adults in the north of Portugal. A total of 104 subjects were enrolled. Socio-demographic and nutritional indicators were obtained. APMT was measured in dominant and non-dominant hands using a skinfold caliper. Mini Nutritional Assessment - full form (MNA) was used to evaluate undernutrition status. Two different multivariable linear regression models were constructed to identify variables possibly associated with dominant and non-dominant APMT (dependent variables). Gender-specific Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of APMT for correctly screening undernutrition or its risk, on the basis of participants' classification by MNA (not undernourished versus undernutrition and undernutrition risk). Results: The present study sample is composed of 31 men (29.8%) and 73 (70.2%) women, age ranged from 65 to 93 years old, mean (standard deviation) =82 (7) years. APMT was inversely associated with undernutrition or undernutrition risk: dominant APMT β=-0.284 (95% confidence intervals: -3.513; -0.896) and non-dominant APMT β=-0.207 (-2.977; -0.172), after adjustment for gender, age and education. dominant APMT was 10.5 mm, with a sensitivity equal to 96.9% and a specificity equal to 24.0%. For non-dominant APMT these values were 11.5 mm, 78.1% and 38.0%, respectively. For men, dominant APMT cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity were respectively 14.5 mm, 100.0% and 29.0%, whereas for non-dominant APMT these values were 17.5 mm, 61.5% and 78.0%. Conclusions: Relevant evidence regarding the validity of APMT as an undernutrition screening method for the institutionalized older adults was achieved. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, dominant and non-dominant APMT were found to be inversely associated with undernutrition or its risk. Moreover, APMT cutoff values were defined. In general, dominant APMT provided for better diagnostic values. These cutoffs need further validation.
The nuclear localization of SET mediated by impα3/impβ attenuates its cytosolic toxicity in neurons

SET is a multi‐functional protein in proliferating cells. Some of the proposed functions of SET suggest an important nuclear role. However, the nuclear import pathway of SET is also unknown and the function of SET in neurons is unclear. Presently, using cortical neurons, we report that the nuclear import of SET is mediated by an impα/impβ‐dependent pathway. Nuclear localization signal, 168KRSSQTQNKASRKR181, in SET interacts with impα3, which recruits impβ to form a ternary complex, resulting in efficient transportation of SET into nucleus. By in vitro nuclear import assay based on digitonin‐permeabilized neurons, we further demonstrated that the nuclear import of SET relies on Ran GTPase. We provide evidence that this nuclear localization of SET is important in neuronal survival. Under basal conditions, SET is predominately nuclear. However, upon death induced by genotoxic stress, endogenous SET decreases in the nucleus and increases in the cytoplasm. Consistent with a toxic role of SET in the cytoplasm, targeted expression of SET to the cytoplasm exacerbates death compared to wild type SET expression which is protective following DNA damage. Taken together, our results indicate that SET is imported into the nucleus through its association with impα3/impβ, and that localization of SET is important in regulation of neuronal death.
Breeding Biology of the Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush (Garrulax sukatschewi)

Abstract Breeding of the poorly known Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush (Garrulax sukatschewi) was studied in a conifer-dominated forest at Lianhuashan (southern Gansu), China. Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrushes nested at sites with fewer conifers and denser shrubs compared with the available vegetation. Bowl-shaped nests were 2.4 ± 0.1 m (x¯ ± SE, n = 31) above ground in six plant species. Spruce (Picea spp.) was used (74%) more often than expected based on availability at nest sites. The breeding season (early May to mid Jul) was shorter than for other timaliids. Twelve of 20 (60%) nests with known outcomes were successful. The average clutch size was 3.5 ± 0.2 eggs (2–5, n = 21) with 2.7 ± 0.2 hatchlings (2–4, n = 15) and 2.2 ± 0.2 fledglings (1–3, n = 12) per nest. Incubation was by both males and females and lasted 14 days (n = 1); both parents cared for the nestlings for 16–18 days (n = 3).
Modeling Consumer Satisfaction Processes Using Experience-Based Norms

The authors propose to modify the basic confirmation/disconfirmation paradigm in two ways. First, expectations are replaced with experience-based norms as the standard for comparison of a brand's performance. Second, a zone of indifference is postulated as a mediator between confirmation/disconfirmation and satisfaction. Implications for future research are also presented.
The effect of fluctuating temperature and humidity on the longevity of starved Rhodnius prolixus (Hem., Triatominae)

Abstract: The survival potential of newly emerged unfed and starved Rhodnius prolixus nymphs was studied under various regimes of fluctuating temperatures between 15 and 35 °C and humidities between 43 and 97%. Both temperature and humidity were found to have an impact on survival. With fluctuating conditions at 12/12 h, survival of first instar nymphs was the longest after exposure to lower temperatures and elevated humidities. Longevity diminished with increasing temperatures at lower humidities. At alternating extreme humidity, high 97% and low 43%, nymphs were more sensitive to starvation than after combining extreme humidity 97 or 43% with humidity of 75 or 86%, independent of temperatures. First instar nymphs were more sensitive to starvation, than third and fifth instars.