Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Structure Based Computer Grammar to Understand Compound-Complex, Multiple-Compound and Multiple-Complex English Sentences

This research paper presents the design of a structure based computer grammar for compound-complex, multiple-compound and multiple-complex sentences of English language. This gives us a versatile method for describing the language which is more interesting and powerful way of representing the grammar. At first, the related works are analyzed to demonstrate the need of this computer grammar. To begin the design, the syntactic construct of these sentences have been explored thoroughly along with the formal properties of a set of grammatical transformation that can derive a new sentences with given structural formalism, The syntactic constructs of these sentences have been presented through suitable examples. The structural representation of these sentences has been designed in the next section of this paper. Finally computer grammar has been designed for all the structural representations (SRs) of these sentences. A little work is available in the literature concerning to the sentences under consideration in this paper. Hence, there is a need to design an efficient and versatile computer grammar for these sentences. The work accomplished in this paper contributes to the Natural Language Understanding phase under the broader area of Natural Language Processing. The present work is under the category of mathematical logic and formal languages. This computer grammar can be used for any European language with some modifications as applicable to the language. This computer grammar can be used in many applications to make them more versatile such as speech recognition and synthesis, text processing software packages, further strengthening the automation level of various industries, computer aided instructions (CAI), Industrial and Domestic robots and etc.
Administration of tetrahydrobiopterin improves the microcirculation and outcome in an ovine model of septic shock*

Objective: Supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin, a nitric oxide synthase cofactor, may reduce microvascular endothelial dysfunction in severe sepsis. We studied whether tetrahydrobiopterin administration exerts beneficial effects in an ovine septic shock model. Design: Randomized animal study. Setting: University hospital animal research laboratory. Subjects: Fourteen adult female sheep. Interventions: Fecal peritonitis was induced, and the sheep were randomized to receive tetrahydrobiopterin (n = 7), given intravenously as 20mg/kg boluses at 4 and 12 hrs after sepsis induction, or placebo (n = 7). All animals were fluid resuscitated. The experiment was continued until death or for a maximum of 30 hrs. Measurements and Main Results: In addition to standard hemodynamic assessment, the sublingual microcirculation was evaluated using sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy. The first bolus of tetrahydrobiopterin blunted the increase in heart rate and cardiac index seen in the control group without affecting mean arterial pressure, and the second bolus of tetrahydrobiopterin prevented the decreases in cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. The reduction in mixed venous blood oxygen saturation and the increase in blood lactate seen in the control group were also delayed. Tetrahydrobiopterin significantly attenuated the deterioration in perfused small vessel proportion and density, microvascular flow index, and the increase in microvascular heterogeneity observed in the control group. Tetrahydrobiopterin was associated with better preserved lung compliance and PaO2/FIO2 ratio, which were associated with a lower lung wet/dry weight ratio at the end of the study. Median survival time was significantly prolonged in the tetrahydrobiopterin group (25.0 vs. 17.8 hrs, p < .01). Conclusion: In this clinically relevant model of sepsis, tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation attenuated the impairment in sublingual microvascular perfusion and permeability, which was accompanied by better preserved gas exchange, renal flow and urine output, and prolonged survival.
Detection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Atg13 by western blot

The proteins that comprise the Atg1 kinase complex constitute a key set of components that participate in macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy). Among these proteins, Atg13 plays a particularly important, although as yet undefined role, in that it is critical for the proper localization of Atg1 to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and its efficient kinase activity. Atg13 is hyperphosphorylated in vegetative conditions when autophagy occurs at a basal level, and is largely dephosphorylated upon the induction of autophagy. Inhibitory phosphorylation of Atg13 reflects the activity of TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and protein kinase A. Accordingly, monitoring the phosphorylation state of Atg13 provides a convenient way to follow early steps of autophagy induction as well as the activity of some of the upstream nutrient-sensing kinases. However, the detection of Atg13 by western blot can be problematic. Here, we present a detailed protocol for sample preparation and detection of the Atg13 protein from yeast.
[Combined instruments on the evaluation of dementia in the elderly: preliminary results].

OBJECTIVE To determine if a functional scale combined with a cognitive test would improve the diagnostic accuracy of dementia. METHOD Thirty patients with mild to moderate dementia, diagnosed according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria, and 46 elderly controls, divided into three groups according to their socioeconomic status and educational level (high, medium and low) were investigated. The subjects were assessed with the MMSE, and their informants were assessed with the scales IQCODE and B-ADL. RESULTS On the logistic regression, the MMSE isolated classified correctly 86.8% of patients and controls (80% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity). The combination MMSE + IQCODE classified correctly 92.1% of the subjects (83.3% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity), and the combination MMSE + B-ADL classified correctly 92.1% of subjects (86.7% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the combination of a cognitive test with a functional scale can improve the detection of mild to moderate cases of dementia even on samples of a very heterogeneous population regarding its socioeconomic status and educational level, as the Brazilian.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse: with or without robotic assistance.

OBJECTIVE To assess perioperative and medium-term outcome after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with or without robotic assistance for vaginal vault prolapse in a Hong Kong tertiary centre. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING An urogynaecology unit in Hong Kong. PATIENTS All women who underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with or without robotic assistance for vaginal vault prolapse from March 2005 to May 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The perioperative and medium-term outcomes. RESULTS A total of 36 women underwent the operation during the study period. The mean operating time was 205 minutes, mean blood loss was 144 mL. The median hospital stay was 4 days. Two women required early re-operation but recovered fully. In all, 35 women were followed up for 29 (standard deviation, 19) months. Three of them (9%) had a recurrence of stage II prolapse, but there was statistically significant improvement in the pelvic organ prolapse quantification assessment for all three compartments of the vagina, and the length of vagina was well preserved. There were no mesh exposure or erosions. The overall objective cure rate of 91% (32/35) was high, and 91% (32/35) were satisfied with the operative outcome. Stress incontinence and voiding difficulty were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse is safe, although complications arising from concomitant surgery should not be neglected. High rates of objective cures and patient satisfaction were achieved. There were no mesh exposure or erosions. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy should be considered an option for women with vaginal vault prolapse.
A new approach for testing autonomous and fully adaptive radars

A fundamental goal of cognitive radar is to sense, learn and adapt (SLA) to a complex environment. A further goal of cognitive fully adaptive radar (CoFAR) is to jointly optimize the adaptive transmit and receive functions. This type of emerging radar technology is anticipated to play a key part in the future of autonomous sensors and systems. CoFAR systems present a number of unique testing challenges relative to traditional systems. In particular the highly adaptive nature of these systems will generally require more rigorous testing to ensure good performance over a wide range of operating environments. For example, a CoFAR system will need to be presented with a wide range of operating scenarios and conditions to ensure a desired level of performance will be met during actual operations of the radar. This will typically preclude traditional approaches for testing using limited numbers of flight tests in test ranges that represent only a small number of scenarios and conditions expected to be encountered in real operations. Testing over a wider range of conditions will typically be cost prohibitive. This paper presents a new method for testing CoFAR systems in a “virtual test range” using high-fidelity simulated data. We provide a hardware in-the-loop demonstration of the approach using an actual maritime radar system.
Low-power 3rd-order continuous-time low-pass sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for wideband applications

This paper presents the design of a low-power 3rdorder continuous-time (CT) low-pass (LP) sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with 20 MHz bandwidth. The bandwidth of the system is large enough to accommodate LTE and other wideband wireless network standards. A 3rd-order filter with feed-forward compensation is proposed to achieve low-power consumption and low complexity. A 3-bit flash quantizer is utilized to provide fast data conversion rate. The current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) helps directly inject the feedback signal without additional circuitries. In order to avoid overall performance degradation from current glitches, cross-coupled transistors are adopted for the current steering DAC. The proposed system achieves a peak SNDR of 65.9 dB with 20 MHz bandwidth, a SFDR of 74.8 dBc, and a dynamic range (DR) of 62 dB, while it consumes 32.65 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The entire circuit is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology and is driven by 500 MHz sampling rate.
Fuzzy Minimal Solution of Fuzzy Linear Matrix Equations

In paper the fuzzy matrix equation AXB=C is investigated. The fuzzy matrix equation is converted to a fuzzy linear system. Then the fuzzy linear system is extended into a crisp system of linear equations. The fuzzy minimal solution of the original fuzzy systems is obtained by solving the crisp function linear equations. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the proposed method.
A common polymorphism in the mineralocorticoid receptor modulates stress responsiveness.

CONTEXT Mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) mediate the action of aldosterone on sodium resorption in kidney tubular cells, but in brain they respond to the glucocorticoid cortisol in stress regulation and cognitive processes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the role of the MR gene variant I180V in the neuroendocrine response to a psychosocial stressor and in electrolyte regulation. DESIGN Associations between the MRI180V and outcome variables in a healthy cohort subjected to psychosocial challenge (Trier Social Stress Test) and in a mild hypertensive cohort exposed to acute salt loading (Weinberger's test) were investigated. In vitro transactivational assays were applied to compare the effects of cortisol and aldosterone on the MRI180V. RESULTS Carriers of the MR180V allele showed higher saliva (P < 0.01), plasma cortisol (P < 0.01), and heart rate responses (P < 0.05) to the Trier Social Stress Test than noncarriers (MR180I). After 3 d of a normal salt diet and the Weinberger's test, no association was found with urinary sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone, and plasma renin activity or with changes in blood pressure, aldosterone, and renin responses. In vitro testing of the MR180V allele revealed a mild loss of function using cortisol as a ligand, compared with the MR180I allele. Significantly higher doses of cortisol were needed for half-maximal induction on the TAT-1 (P < 0.002), TAT-3 (P < 0.03), or mouse mammary tumor virus (P < 0.02) promoters, whereas maximal induction was not different. These differences were not observed using aldosterone as a ligand. CONCLUSION The findings reveal that cortisol and heart rate responses to a psychosocial stressor are enhanced in carriers of the MR180V variant.
Hispanic Culture, Stock Preferences, and Asset Prices

We examine the effect of Hispanic culture on portfolio choice decisions and asset returns in the United States. We show that investors residing in zip codes with a high concentration of Hispanics are significantly more likely to chase returns and overweight local lottery stocks than the average US investor. To control for unobserved heterogeneity across zip codes that may be correlated with the concentration of Hispanics, we use the distance from the Canadian border to each zip code as an instrumental variable and find that our results are robust. We also find evidence that Hispanic investors’ preferences affect prices and returns in local asset markets. In particular, we find that herding in local lottery stocks results in excess comovement in returns that cannot be explained by fundamentals. Furthermore, since investors who reside in high Hispanic areas tend to chase returns, we find geographic segmentation in the momentum effect, whereby momentum returns are more pronounced (nonexistent) among firms headquartered in MSAs with a high (low) proportion of Hispanics.
iFall - Case studies in unexpected falls

Previous research has developed a new embedded system, called iFall, for the detection of unexpected falls for elderly people. This paper reports a larger set of fall experiments that have been done in laboratory setups, similar to typical real-world experiments. These experiments indicate that with monitoring its own rotation along any axis, iFall is able to detect a fall in its very beginning. iFall is thus able to protect its user from severe injuries and its consequences, by initiating some emergency actions, such as inflating a tiny airbag.
Speech enhancement for robust speech recognition in car environments using Griffiths-Jim ANC based on two-paired microphones

~ This paper presents a speech enhancement method wliiclt is to inipruve the speech recognition in car noisy enviromnents. Coiiventional single and two charinel algorirhms differ from recaynition performance accordirig to each microphone’s position (chanael). Moreover. there is an ever-iucreasing demand for safety in cars. and speech reci~ynitiun swtenrs are nowadays of”n used. i n this paper, we propose a method, hxhrid al~qorithm using the Griflths-Jim adaptive noise caricellution (ANC) based on two-paired microphones. which improved speech recognition result fiorn red~rced noise signal. The simulated experiments showed LIS that the proposed algorithm is effective in realized car environments. which is iinrelnted to channels in a car. Index Terms Adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) , GriflithsJim, Speech enhancements, Speech recognition, Spectral suhractian. I
Pediatric sedation in a community hospital-based outpatient MRI center.

OBJECTIVE Although the demand for pediatric MRI is increasing, it is uncommon to find sedation being offered at community hospital-based outpatient centers. We present our safety, efficacy, and outcome data at a community hospital-based outpatient imaging center. MATERIALS AND METHODS I.v. dexmedetomidine sedation was administered as a bolus of 3 μg/kg and maintained with a continuous infusion of 1 μg/kg/hr until imaging was complete. The dexmedetomidine bolus could be repeated up to two times, if needed. Quality assurance data were reviewed. RESULTS From April 2009 to July 2010, 279 children (mean age, 4.2 years; age range, 0.2-17.2 years) were sedated. All received a first bolus, 46 required a second dose, and two received a third. The average time to achieve sedation was 7.8 minutes (SD, ± 3.8 minutes). Total duration of imaging (82% brain MRI) averaged 38.1 minutes (range, 8.0-126.0 minutes). On average, discharge criteria were met within 21.3 minutes of arrival in recovery room (± 17.8 minutes). The heart rate and blood pressure deviated from baseline by more than 20% in 5% and 33% of the patients, respectively. No pharmacologic therapy was administered to treat the hemodynamic variability. There were no adverse respiratory events. All imaging studies were successfully completed. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine offers an option for pediatric sedation for MRI at community hospital-based outpatient settings. It preserves respiration but elicits deviations in blood pressure and heart rate that have not required pharmacologic intervention. Dexmedetomidine offers a safe, effective, and efficient agent for sedation for children undergoing MRI in an outpatient setting.
A genome screen for quantitative trait loci influencing schizophrenia and neurocognitive phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE Deficits in neurocognitive function have been demonstrated in individuals with schizophrenia and in the unaffected family members of these individuals. Genetic studies of such complementary traits, along with traditional analyses of diagnosis, may help to elucidate the biological pathways underlying familial liability to schizophrenia and related disorders. The authors conducted a multiplex, multigenerational family study using a genome-wide screen for schizophrenia and related neurocognitive phenotypes. METHOD Participants were 1) 676 European American individuals from 43 families, ascertained through an individual with schizophrenia, and 2) 236 healthy comparison subjects. Participants were evaluated clinically and examined through the use of a computerized neurocognitive test battery that provided measures of accuracy and speed on the cognitive domains of abstraction and mental flexibility; attention; verbal, face, and spatial memory; language and reasoning; spatial and emotion processing; and sensorimotor dexterity. A genome-wide linkage screen was also performed. Healthy comparison subjects were included in order to obtain normative phenotypic data but were not genotyped. RESULTS Significant evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 19q was observed. Analysis of cognitive traits revealed significant linkage to chromosome 5q for the domains of abstraction and mental flexibility. A variety of other neurocognitive traits also showed nominal evidence of linkage to the 5q region. Joint analyses with diagnosis suggested that this quantitative trait locus may also influence schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Although chromosome 5 has been implicated in previous linkage studies of schizophrenia, the identification of the chromosome 19 quantitative trait locus is a novel finding. The identification of the chromosome 5 quantitative trait locus through linkage to neurocognitive phenotypes in the present study may inform functional hypotheses pertaining to how genotypes are connected to disease.
Deimos Encounter by Viking: Preliminary Imaging Results

Recent close flybys of Deimos by Viking revealed a smooth-appearing surface void of grooves. Higher-resolution pictures showed that the surface was actually covered with craters but that a regolith filled the smaller craters, giving the smooth appearance. The surface was also covered with boulders and bright streak-like markings analogous to base-surge or ejecta cloud deposits.
Gallic Acid Protects Against Immobilization Stress-Induced Changes In Wistar Rats

Treatment with GA significantly increased the food intake, body weight, organ weight (spleen, testis and brain) and the significant reduction was found in weight of liver, kidney, heart and adrenal glands, which was altered in stressed rats. GA also significantly reduced the elevated levels of plasma glucose, plasma and tissue cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipid (LDL), Very Low Density Lipid (VLDL) and also significantly increased the level of High Density Lipid (HDL). A significant decrease in hematological parameters like RBC count, total and differential WBC count was also found which were increased in immobilization stress.
Prospective study of fluoxetine treatment and suicidal behavior in affectively ill subjects.

OBJECTIVE There has been speculation in the literature about a link between fluoxetine use and suicidal behavior. The authors of this study hypothesized that there is no elevation in risk of suicidal behavior associated with use of fluoxetine. METHOD The data come from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study, a prospective, naturalistic follow-up of persons who presented for treatment of affective disorders. The analyses included data on 643 subjects who were followed up after fluoxetine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December 1987 for the treatment of depression. RESULTS Nearly 30% (N = 185) of the study group was treated with fluoxetine at some point during the follow-up period. Relative to the other subjects, those who were subsequently treated with fluoxetine had onset of affective illness at a younger age and, after intake into the study and before 1988, had elevated rates of suicide attempts before fluoxetine treatment. A mixed-effects survival analysis that incorporated treatment exposure time, multiple treatment trials, and multiple suicide attempts per subject showed that relative to no treatment, use of fluoxetine and use of other somatic antidepressants were associated with nonsignificant reductions in the likelihood of suicide attempts or completions. Severity of psychopathology was strongly associated with elevated risk, and each suicide attempt after intake into the Collaborative Depression Study was associated with a marginally significant increase in risk of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS The results do not support the speculation that fluoxetine increases the risk of suicide. Rather, there was a nonsignificant reduction in risk of suicidal behavior among patients treated with fluoxetine, even though those subjects were more severely ill before treatment with fluoxetine.
An intelligent emergency response system: preliminary development and testing of automated fall detection

We have designed an intelligent emergency response system to detect falls in the home. It uses image-based sensors. A pilot study was conducted using 21 subjects to evaluate the efficacy and performance of the fall-detection component of the system. Trials were conducted in a mock-up bedroom setting, with a bed, a chair and other typical bedroom furnishings. A small digital videocamera was installed in the ceiling at a height of approximately 2.6 m. The digital camera covered an area of approximately 5.0 m × 3.8 m. The subjects were asked to assume a series of postures, namely walking/standing, sitting/lying down in an inactive zone, stooping, lying down in a 'stretched' position, and lying down in a 'tucked' position. These five scenarios were repeated three times by each subject in a random order. These test positions totalled 315 tasks with 126 fall-simulated tasks and 189 non-fall-simulated tasks. The system detected a fall on 77% of occasions and missed a fall on 23%. False alarms occurred on only 5% of occasions. The results encourage the potential use of a vision-based system to provide safety and security in the homes of the elderly.