Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It is the glycaemic response to, not the carbohydrate content of food that matters in diabetes and obesity: The glycaemic index revisited

Background: The low-carbohydrate diet for diabetes and obesity is over 200 years old. A new lease of life comes with evidence for its beneficial effects supplied by research into the value of low-glycaemic index (GI) foods in diabetes control. While trialling this approach it became evident that professionals and patients had previously misunderstood the index leading to errors in food choices. Aim: To explore the importance of the GI for those with T2D and improve understanding of the likely effect of various foods on blood glucose. Setting: A 9000 patient United Kingdom (UK) primary care practice. Methods: Relevant supporting studies were examined and data were reviewed from a previously published case-series with new data relating to the effect of the approach on the whole practice over a period of three years. An improved interpretation of the GI using a ‘teaspoons of sugar equivalent’ was developed as an aide to understanding. We looked at quality markers for diabetes and obesity such as HbA1c and weight. Results: Our approach was readily understood by patients and staff, helping to achieve significant improvements in diabetes control and weight. The practice as a whole compared to the average for the area was found to have; a significantly better quality of diabetes control, lower obesity prevalence whilst spending around £40 000 less per year on drugs for diabetes. Conclusion: Greater consideration needs to be given to the harmful effects of high-GI starchy foods in the treatment and prevention of obesity and diabetes. Patient compliance and outcomes justify our approach in a primary care setting.
Efficacy and Safety of Piezosurgery Device in the Surgical Treatment of Oral Cancer

Introduction: A new piezoelectric surgical device, a new system for cutting bone system, has recently been developed. It uses lowfrequency ultrasonic vibrations to shape and cut bone. Case Presentation: In this paper, we report the case of a 70-year-old woman affected by (G2, T1, M0) oral cancer treated with osteotomy performed using this piezoelectric device. The case presents the complete surgical excision of a fornix squamous cell carcinoma in which the marginal mandibulectomy was effected by a piezoelectric system. Conclusions: People who have conditions involving bone that need to be surgically removed specifically nearby soft tissues or important structures (vessels, nerves, or brain), may benefit from this device. In the oral cavity, where the presence of essential structures may hinder safe osteotomy, the piezoelectric device allows the surgeon to cut bone without damaging nerves, glands, and vessels, even when in contact with them. The presence of angled inserts is also fundamental and facilitates osteotomies in areas that are unreachable by conventional cutters and burs.
Data Cleansing for Food Composition Data

This Master thesis gives an overview of data cleansing problems by analysing the Swiss Food Composition Database (SFCD). Databases can contain incorrect, incomplete or duplicate entries. Such problems need to be cleaned. Existing problems of the SFCD data are presented and solutions using data cleansing methods and approaches are discussed to solve them. Additionally, open source tools for data cleaning are presented that could be useful to clean data automatically. Furthermore, a Food Matching Tool is presented which was developed during this thesis. The tool matches food items of two food sets by only using the names of the foods and food classifications. A food can for example be classified with categories like fruit, vegetable or milk product. This is useful information to match foods. The matches proposed by the tool can then be used to find duplicates in a food database or to enhance food data of one data source with food data of another source.
Handbook of Retinal Screening in Diabetes: Diagnosis and Management

The core focus then moves on to examining each different form of retinopathy, all supported by outstanding color retinal photographs illustrating the appearance of the retina at various stages of retinopathy, plus an analysis on the best treatment for each stage. The book ends with chapters providing self-assessment questions of the type that screeners will encounter when gaining their now mandatory retinal screening qualifications, as well as a background information chapter offering advice on related UK, European, and US organizations.
Regulation of mouse Hoxb-4 expression during embryogenesis

Previous work has defined the sequences sufficient to recapitulate the full expression pattern of the endogenous Hoxb-4 gene in transgenic mice. Several distinct regulatory regions have been identified which are responsible for particular aspects of Hoxb-4 expression. In this study I have begun a detailed analysis of the spatially-specific enhancer, region C, able to drive a major subset of Hoxb-4 expression in the mesoderm, central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Moreover, it is capable of imposing the correct anterior boundary of Hoxb-4 somitic expression on both the Hoxb-4 and hsp68 promoters. By a combination of sequence comparison and mutational analysis of a region dhsp68-lacZ reporter gene, I have characterised two cw-regulatory elements that are critical for normal region C activity in transgenic mice. The first of these elements is located within an evolutionarily conserved region of the Hoxb-4 intron (CBl). Deletion of CBl abolished lacZ reporter gene expression in the mesoderm, PNS and in the majority of the CNS of transgenic embryos. DNA electrophoretic-mobility shift assays revealed the presence of two overlapping binding sites for HoxTF and YYl within CBl. Specific mutation of each binding-site showed that HoxTF is essential for efficient expression of Hoxb-4 in the embryo, whilst the role of YYl is unclear. UV crosslinking studies suggest that HoxTF binds to DNA as a heterodimer. Reporter gene analysis has shown that an isolated HoxTF binding element is capable of driving a consistent pattern of expression within the nervous system. These results show that the HoxTF element, though necessary, is not sufficient to drive Hoxb-4 mesodermal expression and requires the cooperation of other elements to achieve this. I have identified a second regulatory element, G5, required to achieve proper levels of region C enhancer activity. A transgenic reporter gene carrying an isolated fragment that contains the HoxTF/YYl and G5 binding-sites drives a similar pattern of lacZ expression to that seen with the HoxTF site alone. This suggests that further elements are required to specify the Hoxb-4 pattern of mesodermal expression. 3' deletions have mapped these elements to a 269bp fragment that lies 3' to the HoxTF/YYl site and within the 5' half of the intron. The 3' half of the intron is able to specify a limited pattern of expression in the PNS, implicating the role of a second HoxTF site that is involved in stabilising the activity of the region C enhancer.
North Minneapolis Residents' Knowledge and Awareness of Indoor Air Quality in Older Residences

North Minneapolis Residents’ Knowledge and Awareness of Indoor Air Quality in Older Residences Blisse Cajacob, M.S. Minnesota State University, Mankato, May 2016 Older housing stock is one suspected cause of poor indoor air quality and poor indoor air quality can cause many negative health conditions. Four hazardous conditions related to indoor air quality were examined for this study: lead, asbestos, dampness causing mold and radon. North Minneapolis residents, specifically low-income, disproportionately live in older stock houses and have higher rates of asthma compared to other parts of the state. In this study, data was collected to understand North Minneapolis residents’ knowledge and awareness of indoor air quality in older residences. Fifteen minute interviews followed by a brief sociodemographic questionnaire were used to explore North Minneapolis residents’ level of knowledge and awareness. The results suggest a lack of awareness and knowledge around indoor air quality as well as its causes and effects. Most of the participants wanted more information on how to test their indoor air quality and simple things that could be done to improve it. Recommendations for health education specialists include providing and promoting education on indoor air quality. This would include ways to test and to improve indoor air quality. Health educators could also help residents and neighborhood organizations with grant applications to replace older hazardous
Does Circadian Preference Determine Risk for Developing Alcohol Use Disorder amongst Undergraduate and Pre-University Students? A Cross-Sectional Study

Aims: To determine the relationship between circadian preference and risk for developing alcohol use disorder among medical students and pre-university students. Study Design: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted among non-Muslim Place and Duration of Study: Melaka, Malaysia from September to October 2014. Methodology: 250 participants were selected by using multistage sampling method, 223 students participated (89.2% resposnse rate). Sociodemographical data, assessment of circadian preference by International Journal Chronobiology (IJC) and WHO Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate analysis, chi-square test, Fisher Exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis were calculated. Results: Out of 223 non-Muslim undergraduate students, 60.09% were having intermediate type, 21.97% were having evening type and 17.94% were having morning type of circadian preference. Only 17.04% of the participants were having moderate, high and addictive alcohol consumption risk; among them 7.9% were addictive and 10.5% were high risk. Participants with evening type of circadian preference were 4.5 times more likely to be associated with a higher risk for developing alcohol use disorder as compared to participants with morning type of circadian preference (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-17.0, P=0.02). After adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, hostel and monthly allowance, evening type of circadian preference and risk for developing alcohol use disorder were not significantly associated to each other. Conclusion: Circadian preference was significantly associated to the risk for developing alcohol use disorder among the undergraduate and pre-university students in bi-variate analysis without considering other factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and monthly allowance. However, no significant association were found among each of the factors that were being compared. This was because there was a confounding variable which was gender affecting the result. In our study, male students had a higher risk in developing AUD and male students were more likely to have evening type of cicadian preference. We should provide adequate counseling about sleep hygiene, healthy sleep-wake cycle and encourage students to develop morning type of circadian preference in order to reduce the risk of developing alcohol use disorder. risk for developing alcohol use disorder; medical students; pre-university students; cross sectional study.
Forum:Use of antipsychotic medications in dementia Treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of senile dementia with antipsychotic drugs

(9) found a 1.5-1.7-fold increase in mortality in patients with dementia who were treated with atypical antipsychotic medications versus those treated with placebo;a total of 4.2% died in the atypical antipsychotic group versus 2.6% in the placebo group, primarily from cardiovascular events and respiratory infections. Responding to these new findings, in 2005 the Food and Drug Administration in the United States required the addition of a black-box warning to the instructions for the use of atypical antipsychotic medications. Typical antipsychotic drugs are also associated with increased mortality in patients with BPSD: a retrospective study (11) of 22,890 cases over 65 years of age using typical antipsychotic medications found a 1.37-fold increase in mortality. The authors of this study estimated that replacing typical with atypical medications would increase mortality by 7%. The large CATIE-AD study of Alzheimer's Disease patients supported by the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States (12) concluded that the treatment benefit of using antipsychotic medications in patients with dementia is offset by the adverse effects and that there were no significant differences in efficacy or tolerability between the different types of antipsychotic medications.
The magnitude of He-3 diffusion in the sun

Les equations generales de la diffusion sont etablies pour un plasma composite en tenant compte des gradients de pression de ses composantes et des champs electrique et gravitationnel. Ces equations sont appliquees a la diffusion de 3 He 2+ dans le plasma a 4 composantes du Soleil contenant egalement 1 H + , 4 He 2+ et des electrons. Le changement d'abondance 3 He par diffusion dans la duree de vie solaire est exprime en termes des donnees existantes SSM (Bahcall J. N. et al., 1982, Rev. Mod. Phys., 54)
Microflora Imbalance Related Vaginal Infections among Female Senior High School Students in Navrongo, Ghana

Vaginal infections affect most females during their lifetime, with approximately 50% having two or more episodes of vaginal candidiasis. The study was conducted to assess the incidence of Candida , bacteria and Lactic acid bacteria deficiency related vaginal infections among female senior high school students. Seventy-two high vaginal swabs were obtained from consenting students for laboratory analysis and a structured questionnaire administered to assess symptoms, risk factors and demographic information. Methods employed in laboratory analysis included wet mount, whiff test, clue cell test, pH test, Gram staining and culture. The results revealed 40% (29) of participants were infected with Candida while 14% (10) were diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. were in only the who were ages of 22 For and itching, irritation and burning sensation respectively. Among the risk factors, sexual activity recorded the highest 76% (55), 61% (44) douched and 32% (23) were on antibiotics. The incidence of Candida vaginitis especially was high in the study population and this may be due to few participants having Lactic acid bacteria isolated from their vagina and this may also explain the incidence of bacterial vaginosis.
A mitochondrial perspective on ischaemic brain damage

Objective: To investigate the role of mtNOS in cerebral ischaemia in Mongolian gerbils. Methods: Mitochondria isolated after 5 min of ischaemia and after 48 and 72 hrs of restitution of blood flow was used. Animals were pretreated with fast Na + channel blocks (TTX) and NOS inhibitors (L-NAME, 7-NI). Following estimations were made: (i) respiratory main complexes (ii) NAD(P)H/NAD(P) levels (iii) mitochondrial membrane potential and (iv) DNA pattern. Results: LDH estimated in the venous outflow was elevated. Respiratory main complexes I, II and III except IV were altered in ischaemic group. NAD(P)H/NAD(P) levels were elevated, significant decrease with TTX in all groups was observed. Ischaemia dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential. This was reverted close to normal values by TTX, 7-NI and L-NAME in the order of their efficacy. No significant change in DNA pattern was observed. Conclusion: Ischaemia induced pathological changes at the mitochondria level are presented by TTX and L-NAME. They may find possible use for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative disorders.
The effect of two cognitive-behavioural interventions on patient adherence to physiotherapy rehabilitation

The research in this thesis used prospective randomised controlled trials to evaluate two cognitive-behavioural interventions designed to improve adherence to physiotherapy in patients with ankle sprains. In Study 1, a DVD and written intervention grounded in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT: Rogers, 1983) and assessment tools were developed and piloted. In the pilot 31 patients were randomized into one of three treatment conditions (PMT, attention control and non-contact control). Following the intervention patients beliefs toward physiotherapy and injury were assessed. Compared to the two controls, the PMT group had significantly higher scores on severity, vulnerability and response efficacy. No differences were found for self-efficacy or intentions. Both response efficacy and self efficacy were significantly related to intentions. Based on these findings, the self-efficacy component of the PMT DVD was revised. Study 2 (n = 71), an identical three group design, tested the PMT-based intervention’s effect on beliefs, intentions, adherence and functional outcomes. Before physiotherapy, antecedents to adherence (motivation, pain, and subjective norm) and functional outcomes were measured, then the intervention was given, and beliefs and intentions evaluated. Adherence to clinic and home physiotherapy was assessed throughout the treatment programme and functional outcomes again at the end of treatment. Compared to the two controls, the intervention group was significantly higher on all PMT beliefs barring self-efficacy. No significant group differences were found for intentions, adherence and post-physiotherapy functional outcomes. Significant relations occurred between the antecedents, PMT beliefs, intentions, adherence and functional outcomes. The lack of group differences on intention, adherence and functional outcome was attributed to most participants having previously had physiotherapy and antecedent scores that typify highly adherent patients. Study 3 (n = 47) compared a home-based programme steeped in adherence enhancing strategies with its traditional clinic counterpart. Psychological variables (antecedents, locus of control, and anxiety) and functional outcomes were measured before and after the course of physiotherapy, and adherence during. No group differences occurred on either the psychological or functional outcome variables. Compared to the clinic group,
Development of a thick-film printed Ir/C biosensor for the detection of liver disease related biomarkers.

by BRANDON BARTLING A growing problem in the population is the increasing number of individuals suffering from forms of liver disease. In liver disease such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, early detection will dramatically increase the odds of survival or severity of disease management. Detection and diagnosis of liver disease would benefit greatly from the development of a rapid and easy detection method. Such a method would be especially vital in economically disadvantaged areas of the world where millions are suffering. In countries such as Egypt, Rwanda and Tanzania levels of hepatitis C infection are estimated to be present in more than 10% of the population with no effective means to monitor due to costs of diagnosis and limited access to medical facilities. In this research, the ability to detect the presence of liver disease using a quick, low-cost, thick-film, screen-printed biosensor is presented. The sensors utilize a platform sensor technology based on a three-electrode system with the working and counter electrode composed of 5% iridium deposited on Vulcan CX-72R carbon and a Ag/AgCl ink as the reference electrode. Using this sensor technology, two sensors were constructed for the detection of the key biomarkers adenosine deaminase and total bile
Construction and validation of the Scale of Perceived Gains from High-Fidelity Simulation (Escala de Ganhos Percebidos com a Simulação de Alta Fidelidade – EGPSA)

Background: When used as a teaching strategy, high-fidelity simulation makes students feel more motivated, self-confident, interested and engaged in the learning process, preparing them for real-life situations. Objectives: To validate an instrument used to assess students’ perception of the gains from high-fidelity simulation practices. Methodology: This was a methodological research study, with the application of a 26-item scale to a convenience sample of 458 nursing students after their participation in simulated practices. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis with Varimax orthogonal rotation and confirmed through sample randomization and internal consistency analysis. Results: High item-total correlations were found in almost all items of the scale, which had an alpha value of . 951. Reliability analysis of the five factors shows an internal consistency ranging from . 699 to . 930. Conclusion: The scale meets the validity requirements, and has significant potential to be used in research.
Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (POM + LoDEX) versus high-dose dexamethasone (HiDEX) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Impact of cytogenetics in MM-003.

8528 Background: RRMM patients (pts) who fail lenalidomide (LEN) and bortezomib (BORT) have poor prognosis. High-risk cytogenetics predict shorter survival. POM + LoDEX has demonstrated efficacy in pts with prior LEN and BORT and high-risk cytogenetics. MM-003 is an open-label, multicenter, phase III trial comparing POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT treatment (Tx) and have progressed on their last therapy. Methods: Pts must have been refractory to the last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during or within 60 days) and failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination). Randomization was 2:1 to POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) weekly; or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 (28-day cycles). Tx continued until PD or unacceptable adverse events (AEs). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included OS and AEs. This analysis examined pts meeting modified high-risk cytog.
Time response of small side‐on photomultiplier tubes in time‐correlated single‐photon counting measurements

The position‐dependent time response of eight small side‐on type photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R928 and R955) has been investigated. Using the method of time‐correlated single‐photon counting relative transit times, single‐photon response widths and relative quantum yields have been determined. This characterization provides the basis for the proper selection and use of fast photomultiplier tubes in single‐photon counting experiments.
Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes in Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator Treatment: Potential Effects of Informational Media History and Treatment Knowledge

Social workers in all care venues are increasingly responsible for clinical and case management services for people being treated with sophisticated medical interventions. Unfortunately, opportunities to aid in the promotion of quality of life (QOL), mental health, and informed consent are often not understood by social workers, other care providers, or patients. These missed opportunities may lead to attenuated effectiveness of medical interventions and negative impact on patients’ QOL. One such technological treatment is the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a lifesaving therapy which carries risk to patients’ QOL. Moreover, patients frequently do not accurately understand the benefits, limitations, and possible risks associated with ICD therapy. A small body of literature exists addressing experimental and demographic groups at risk of QOL decrements among the ICD patient population, including those who have been shocked more than five times, older adults, female patients, and those who have experienced a life threatening cardiac event. A much more limited body of literature addresses the quality of some forms of patient educational activities and materials. No research to date has attempted to characterize potential relationships between patient information acquisition, treatment knowledge, and QOL/mental health outcomes in this patient group.